bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Connectivity: Is Free Space Optics the Solution?
Authors: Rais SS , Husni H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, poor internet availability hampered online activity, particularly in the sector of education in Malaysia. The most effective way to address this situation is through the construction of telecommunications towers. However, it takes time due to the significant costs involved. Outdoor use of FSO appears to be more advantageous due to the absence of licensing requirements and the high bandwidth it offers. However, there are limitations. We will explore these FSO restrictions in this paper.
Q-switched Ytterbium-doped fibre laser using an 8 cm long Hafnium bismuth erbium co-doped fibre saturable absorber
Authors: Rahman M F A , Reddy P H , Ahmad A , Latiff A A , Baharom M F , Harun S W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present a Q-switched fibre laser at 1069 nm which is induced by an 8 cm long Hafnium bismuth erbium co-doped fibre (HBEDF) saturable absorber (SA). The pulsating laser has a maximum repetition rate of 67 kHz at 175 mW pump power. We obtained the narrowest pulse width of 3.48 μs, the maximum pulse energy of 70.2 nJ, the maximum output power of 4.7 mW and the maximum peak power of 20.1 mW. The Q-switched laser is simple and may found practical applications in medicine and remote sensing.
Optical Microfiber Sensor : A Review
Authors: Jali Mohd Hafiz , Abdul Rahim Hazli Rafis , Md Johari Md Ashadi , Baharom Mohamad Faizal , Ahmad Aminah , Mohd Yusof Haziezol Helmi , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Due to numerous benefits such as geometrical simplicity, compact size, high sensitivity, broad detection range, low noise, and high accuracy, optical devices have attracted a lot of interest for sensing applications. It is critical in a variety of sectors, including cultural relic preservation, warehouse products maintenance, manufacturing process control, semiconductor, agriculture, food production storage, environmental control, health industries, chemical and home improvement. It outperforms its electronic equivalent owing to its capacity to function in tough and demanding situations such as combustible surroundings, greater pressure and temperature levels, and the ability to send signals over long distances without electromagnetic interference. Optical fiber sensors are classified based on their operating principles such as interferometers, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), resonators and whispering galleries modes (WGM). This paper presents a comprehensive review related to the optical microfiber sensor such as its properties, fabrication techniques, evanescent wave, optical micro resonators and recent study on the application of microfiber towards humidity sensing. This review could be beneficial to help other researchers to gain greater view in the field of optical microfiber sensor.
Simulation Analysis of One Degree of Freedom Motion of Electromagnetic Spherical Joint based on Maxwell
Authors: Wang Haoran , Liu Fucong , Lou Sai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the stiffness of the spherical joint of the robot, reduce the difficulty of manufacturing and the complexity of the control system, this paper proposed a method of spherical joint and digital drive of the robot based on the electromagnetic principle. Firstly, introduces the structure and motion principle of the spherical joint of the robot, establishes the mathematical model of the spherical joint and establishes the dynamic model according to the second Lagrange equation. after that, the relationship between the number of ampire-turns of the electromagnet on the spherical joint, the attitude Angle of the rotor and the force of the rotor was obtained by simulating the single degree of freedom of the joint based on Ansys maxwell and Matlab, which provided a basis for the realization of the digital drive of the spherical joint.
Upper Stage Visual Inertial Integrated Navigation Method Based on Factor Graph
Authors: Wu Peng , Mu Rongjun , Liu Bingli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the working process of the upper stage integrated navigation information fusion system, the multi-source navigation information fusion algorithm based on factor graph Bayesian estimation is used to fuse the information of inertial sensors, visual sensors and other sensors. The overall joint probability distribution of the system is described in the form of probability graph model with the dependence of local variables, so as to reduce the complexity of the system, adjust the data structure of information fusion to improve the efficiency of information fusion and smoothly switch the sensor configuration.
Aging precipitation behavior of σ phase in 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Che Pengcheng , Wang Fengjun , Li Xindong , Xie Min , Liu Yuze , Cheng Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
σ phase is one of the main precipitates affecting the toughness of austenitic stainless steel, V-notch impact test, SEM, EDS and TEM analysis were conducted on the newly developed 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu stainless steel after 650°C aging. Precipitation mechanism of σ phase and its effect on the toughness of the material were analyzed. The test results show that toughness of the material decreases to 25.6J after 300h aging, σ phase started to precipitate along the grain boundary after 500h aging, and in the crystal after 1000h aging. The precipitation spacing is about 100 nm, forming a gradually increasing size from crystal to grain boundary. As the precipitation time 500h of σ phase was later than the critical aging time of ductile brittle transition, it can be inferred from the test result that σ phase is not the main precipitation phase affecting the toughness of 22Cr15Ni3.5Cu.
ZIF-67-aerogel-derived N-doped carbon nanotubes encapsulated with Co nanoparticles as efficient electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Heng-Guo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are essential for metal-air batteries. Herein, we design a self-catalyzed growth strategy for in-situ encapsulation of Co nanoparticles with N-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) on carbon aerogel (CA) (Co/NCNT/CA-1000). Using the zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) as the cobalt source can catalyze the graphitization of melamine and facilitate the growth of NCNTs on the CA. Thanks to its unique structure, the Co/NCNT/CA-1000 exhibits favourable ORR properties (E1/2 = 0.80 V). This work offers an effective method for preparing high-active Co-based electrocatalysts and provides a foundation for the future development of electrochemical energy applications.
Analysis on the Properties of NC30Fe alloy for U-bend tubes of Steam generator
Authors: Li Chan , Huang Jiaqi , Yang Chenggang , Han Dongao , Pu Chenghao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy (NC30Fe), which is an austenitic nickel-based alloy as the ideal material for U-bend tubes of steam generator in PWR nuclear power plant because of its good strength and corrosion-resistant and used widely in domestic and abroad. The manufacturing requirements of NC30Fe alloy of steam generator U-bend tubes for Hua-long Pressurized Reactor (HPR1000) and Advanced Passive PWR (AP1000) were compared and the heat treatment process, chemical composition, mechanical properties, metallographic structure were analyzed and studied.
Swanson Hamiltonian: non-PT-symmetry phase
Authors: Fernández Viviano , Ramírez Romina , Reboiro Marta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study the non-Hermitian Swanson Hamiltonian, particularly the non-parity-time symmetry phase. We use the formalism of Gel’fand triplet to construct the generalized eigenfunctions and the corresponding spectrum. Depending on the region of the parameter model space, we show that the Swanson Hamiltonian represents different physical systems, i.e. parabolic barrier, negative mass oscillators. We also discussed the presence of Exceptional Points of infinite order.
Fully roll-to-roll gravure printed 4-bit code generator based on p-type SWCNT thin-film transistors
Authors: Park Jinhwa , Shrestha Sagar , Parajuli Sajjan , Jung Younsu , Cho Gyoujin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Current Si-based technologies have reached their intrinsic limits in meeting the demands of flexible electronics where free-form factors and low cost are critical for successful applications. For this reason, roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing has been considered a way to achieve the free-form factor and the low cost. However, the R2R gravure systems (servomechanism, electronic ink, printing process, and device design) could not integrate a number of thin-film transistors (TFTs) with small threshold voltage (V
th) variations. Therefore, we designed a 4-bit code generator by combining one ring oscillator, six NAND gates, and one OR gate based on 37 p-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) TFTs as a concept devices to test the R2R gravure system. First, ring oscillators with different physical dimensions were printed on a poly (ethylene terephthalate) roll using the R2R gravure. Then, we extracted important factors (channel length, channel width, and SWCNT network density) to optimize the V
th variation and demonstrated a 4-bit code generator integrated with 37 p-type TFTs. This work will be further extended in the near future to develop R2R gravure printed near-field communication labels for smart packaging.
Anion gap physiology and faults of the correction formula
Authors: Posen Andrew K , Paloucek Frank P , Petzel Renee 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The anion gap is a calculated fundamental laboratory parameter used to identify and monitor acid-base disturbances. A recently popularized correction formula transforms the resulting integer to compensate for hypoalbuminemia and improve diagnostic yield. Clinical pharmacists should be aware of the underlying biochemistry, interpretation, and limitations of this formula to discern drug- and disease-related etiologies.

Summary
The anion gap is utilized in most care settings, ranging from outpatient monitoring to inpatient intensive care units. Supported by decades of experience, the original anion gap derives its value from its simplicity. Applying the anion gap in metabolic acidosis can help narrow differential diagnosis and detect concomitant acid-base disorders. To account for hypoalbuminemia and potential missed diagnoses, a correction formula was developed to improve sensitivity. Yet, the law of electroneutrality ensures that hypoalbuminemia is already accounted for in the original anion gap, and the proposed correction formula was derived from samples unrepresentative of human physiology. Evidence from clinical trials shows no benefit from applying the correction formula.

Conclusion
There is no advantage to correcting the anion gap, and such correction may increase the risk of misinterpretation or error. Clinicians should understand these limitations when diagnosing or trending acid-base disturbances.
Cost-effectiveness of exercise referral schemes: a systematic review of health economic studies
Authors: Werbrouck Amber , Schmidt Masja , Putman Koen , Seghers Jan , Simoens Steven , Verhaeghe Nick , Annemans Lieven 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the existing literature on cost-effectiveness of exercise referral schemes (ERSs).

Methods
A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EconLit, Web of Science and PsycINFO. Main inclusion criteria were: (1) insufficiently active people; (2) ERSs and (3) full health economic evaluations. No publication year limits were applied. The methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Consensus Health Economic Criteria (CHEC) checklist.

Results
Fifteen eligible publications were retrieved, presenting results of 12 different studies. Compared with usual care, ERSs were found to be cost-effective in a majority of the analyses, but with modest health gains and costs per individual. These cost-effectiveness results were also sensitive to small changes in input parameters. Two studies found that ERSs combined with a pedometer/accelerometer are cost-effective, compared with usual ERS practice. Two other studies found that an ERS with phone support and an ERS with face-to-face support might be equally effective, with similar costs.

Conclusion
Although the literature demonstrated that ERSs could be cost-effective compared with usual care, these results were not robust. Based on a small number of studies, ERSs could be optimized by using tracking devices, or by providing a choice to the participants about the delivery mode. There is need for clarity on the effectiveness of and attendance to ERS, as more certainty about these key input parameters will strengthen health-economic evidence, and thus will allow to provide a clearer message to health policy-makers.
Mental health and physical activity in vocational education and training schools students: a population-based survey
Authors: Jensen Christine Tøfting , Heinze Clara , Andersen Per Kragh , Bauman Adrian , Klinker Charlotte Demant 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of young people not adhering to the World Health Organization (WHO) physical activity guidelines is high, especially among students in vocational education and training, compared to fellow peers. Also, low levels of mental health have been found in this group, however, to a lesser degree than peers in general education. As positive mental health aspects have more generally been found to be associated with increased likelihood of physical activity in young people, this study examined the association between mental health and physical activity among Danish students in vocational education and training.

Methods
Students in vocational education and training (N = 5277, mean age 24.3 years, range 15.8–64.0 years) responded to a national representative survey assessing four aspects of mental health (well-being, self-efficacy, self-esteem and life satisfaction) and physical activity. Physical activity was dichotomized as adherence to the WHO minimum guidelines or not. Logistic regression was used to examine if each mental health aspect was associated with physical activity in crude and adjusted models.

Results
A positive dose–response association was found between all aspects of mental health and adherence to WHO physical activity guidelines. However, the association between self-esteem and physical activity was modified by gender, with a dose–response relationship found only among males.

Conclusions
Higher levels of positive mental health were associated with better odds of achieving WHO physical activity guidelines in a dose–response-manner. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the causal relationship between mental health and physical activity. Future interventions must pay attention to differential gender effects.
Phylogenomic approaches to detecting and characterizing introgression
Authors: Hibbins Mark S , Hahn Matthew W 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhylogenomics has revealed the remarkable frequency with which introgression occurs across the tree of life. These discoveries have been enabled by the rapid growth of methods designed to detect and characterize introgression from whole-genome sequencing data. A large class of phylogenomic methods makes use of data across species to infer and characterize introgression based on expectations from the multispecies coalescent. These methods range from simple tests, such as the D-statistic, to model-based approaches for inferring phylogenetic networks. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the various signals that different modes of introgression are expected leave in the genome, and how current methods are designed to detect them. We discuss the strengths and pitfalls of these approaches and identify areas for future development, highlighting the different signals of introgression, and the power of each method to detect them. We conclude with a discussion of current challenges in inferring introgression and how they could potentially be addressed.
Insulin signaling and osmotic stress response regulate arousal and developmental progression of C. elegans at hatching
Authors: Bayer Emily A , Liberatore Katarina M , Schneider Jordan R , Schlesinger Evan , He Zhengying , Birnbaum Susanna , Wightman Bruce 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The progression of animal development from embryonic to juvenile life depends on the coordination of organism-wide responses with environmental conditions. We found that two transcription factors that function in interneuron differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans, fax-1, and unc-42, are required for arousal and progression from embryogenesis to larval life by potentiating insulin signaling. The combination of mutations in either transcription factor and a mutation in daf-2 insulin receptor results in a novel perihatching arrest phenotype; embryos are fully developed but inactive, often remaining trapped within the eggshell, and fail to initiate pharyngeal pumping. This pathway is opposed by an osmotic sensory response pathway that promotes developmental arrest and a sleep state at the end of embryogenesis in response to elevated salt concentration. The quiescent state induced by loss of insulin signaling or by osmotic stress can be reversed by mutations in genes that are required for sleep. Therefore, countervailing signals regulate late embryonic arousal and developmental progression to larval life, mechanistically linking the two responses. Our findings demonstrate a role for insulin signaling in an arousal circuit, consistent with evidence that insulin-related regulation may function in control of sleep states in many animals. The opposing quiescent arrest state may serve as an adaptive response to the osmotic threat from high salinity environments.
Holocaust Survivors and the Restitution of Jewish Private Property in Two Polish Cities, 1945–1948
Authors: Krzyzanowski Lukasz 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite a growing historiography on Holocaust survivors, few scholars have focused on the fates of those who returned to their places of origin in Poland in the immediate aftermath of World War II. Even less is known about those who attempted to recover their property in medium-sized Polish cities in the late 1940s. The following article analyzes court cases in two such cities: Kalisz (in the former German territorial administration of the Warthegau) and Radom (the former General Government). By addressing the problems related to the appropriation and recovery of Jewish private property, the author sheds light on the agency of Holocaust survivors and the social processes that shaped postwar Central and Eastern Europe.
GE-evolution operator method for controllability of time-varying stochastic descriptor systems in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Ge Zhao-qiang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Exact (approximate) controllability and exact (approximate) observability of time-varying stochastic descriptor systems are discussed by GE-evolution operator, i.e., generalized evolution operator, which is a generalization of evolution operator, in the sense of mild solution in Hilbert spaces. Firstly, necessary and sufficient conditions for the exact (approximate) controllability to time-varying stochastic descriptor systems are given by GE-evolution operator in Hilbert spaces. Secondly, necessary and sufficient conditions for exact (approximate) observability to time-varying stochastic descriptor systems are given by GE-evolution operator in Hilbert spaces and the dual principle is proved to be true. Thirdly, two illustrative examples are given.
Population Development, Fecundity, and Flight of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Reared on Three Green Manure Crops: Implications For an Ecologically Based Pest Management Approach in China
Authors: Wu Feifei , Zhang Lei , Liu Yueqiu , Cheng Yunxia , Su Jianya , Sappington Thomas W , Jiang Xingfu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is an invasive pest of cereal crops that now inhabits southern China year-round. Cultivation of crops unsuitable as host plants has been an effective pest management strategy for some insect pests, but the effects of green manure crops on S. frugiperda have not been investigated. An age-stage two-sex life table and tethered flight performance of S. frugiperda reared on different green manure species were obtained, and a population dynamics model established. Developmental durations of stages, survival rates, and fecundities of S. frugiperda differed significantly depending on host plant. Larvae fed Astragalus sinicus L. did not complete development. Although some larvae fed Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativa L. completed development, generation time was significantly prolonged, egg production was halved, and net reproductive rate decreased to 31% and 3% of those reared on corn, respectively. Survival rates of early-instars fed V. villosa and V. sativa were significantly lower than those fed corn. Population dynamics projections over 90 d showed the number of generations of S. frugiperda fed on V. villosa and V. sativa was reduced compared to those reared on corn. Flight performance of S. frugiperda reared on V. villosa decreased significantly compared to corn. Our results show that the three green manure species are unsuitable host plants for S. frugiperda. Therefore, reduction of corn production in southern China through rotation with these green manure crops may be a feasible method of ecological management of this major corn pest in China.
Value of Packaged Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections for Persons who Inject Drugs Hospitalized With Serious Injection-Related Infections
Authors: Marks Laura R , Reno Hilary , Liang Stephen Y , Schwarz Evan S , Liss David B , Jiang Linda , Nolan Nathanial S , Durkin Michael J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are frequently admitted for serious injection-related infections (SIRIs). PWID are also at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Methods
We conducted a multicenter quality improvement project at 3 hospitals in Missouri. PWID with SIRI who received an infectious diseases consultation were prospectively identified and placed into an electronic database as part of a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–funded quality improvement project. Baseline data were collected from 8/1/2019 to 1/30/2020. During the intervention period (2/1/2020–2/28/2021), infectious diseases physicians caring for patients received 2 interventions: (1) email reminders of best practice screening for HIV, viral hepatitis, and STIs; (2) access to a customized EPIC SmartPhrase that included checkboxes of orders to include in assessment and plan of consultation notes. STI screening rates were compared before and after the intervention. We then calculated odds ratios to evaluate for risk factors for STIs in the cohort.

Results
Three hundred ninety-four unique patients were included in the cohort. Initial screening rates were highest for hepatitis C (88%), followed by HIV (86%). The bundled intervention improved screening rates for all conditions and substantially improved screening rates for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis (30% vs 51%, 30% vs 51%, and 39 vs 60%, respectively; P &lt; .001). Of patients who underwent screening, 16.9% were positive for at least 1 STI. In general, demographics were not strongly associated with STIs.

Conclusions
PWID admitted for SIRI frequently have unrecognized STIs. Our bundled intervention improved STI screening rates, but additional interventions are needed to optimize screening.