bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave structure at radar irradiation of homogeneous absorbing media
Authors: Butukhanov V P , Lomukhin Ju L , Atutov E B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the structure of waves excited in bordering media under radar irradiation of both smooth and rough interfaces. It is found that counter propagating waves are excited in bordering absorbing media, which determine backward reflection at the interface. On the other hand, the reflection of the counter propagating wave excites waves with a negative angle of refraction. It was found in this work that when the interface is irradiated with a plane wave during polarization, when the electric field strength vector lies in the plane of incidence, the backward reflection and the refracted wave are increases, and the specular reflection decreases. Electrodynamics models of the back reflection coefficients are developed for both the case of smooth and for the case of uneven interfaces between the media.
Stability of synchronous modes of the system of two connected self-oscillators
Authors: Novikov S S , Kosterova V S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper investigate the dynamic instability of a system of two self-oscillators with a strong resonant coupling. The analysis of influence of resonance properties of coupling on stability of synchronous modes was carried out. In the course of the computational experiment, it was possible to observe the different behavior of the system depending on the given initial conditions. The boundaries of destruction of coherent modes are determined.
Flat UWB antenna with optimized ground plate
Authors: Khalil A , Sukhanov D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The design of a broadband antenna based on a combination of electric and magnetic emitters is proposed. Antenna size ratios are proposed that provide a wide operating frequency band. The results of numerical modeling of the standing wave ratio and radiation patterns for a particular case with a matching range from 13 GHz to 27 GHz are presented.
Water body measuring pH automated system based on quadcopter
Authors: Lanin E V , Dorozhkin K V , Badin A V , Kuleshov G E , Kazanin V A , Yuzhakov M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article discusses monitoring water bodies pH level automated system implementation using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Floating structure prototype for supporting UAV on water surface is described, taking into account creating a rotor thrust theory. Water hydrogen ions monitoring activity concept using a UAV is presented. Testing results water monitoring system in Lake Boyarskoye (Tomsk, Russia) are presented.
The optical and electrical non-invasive methods of measurement for glucose concentration in biological liquids
Authors: Zhexenbayev Y K , Bulembayev T D , Gorst A V , Zavyalova K V , Mironchev A S , Yurchenko E V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article describes the radio-wave and optical methods of determining glucose concentration. The radio-wave method is based on the use of a sensor with a resonant frequency that is displayed when in contact with highly lossy materials and with an extended near-field zone in the resonance area. The optical method is based on studying the influence of glucose concentration (0–20 mmol/l) in bidistilled water on absorption spectra in the range of 190-1000 nm. The article presents the results of the experimental test of the near-field sensor with the pre-produced biological media imitating the human body tissues, and the results of the optical method demonstrate the possibility to measure the concentration with the use of an optical emitter with a wave length of 830 nm.
Study of the RBE depth dependence of protons using a damage diagnostic algorithm and its application in proton therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Ahmadi Ganjeh Z. , Eslami-Kalantari M. , Ebrahimi Loushab M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to calculate the yields of DNA
breaks and the variation of relative biological effectiveness (RBE)
at different depths for protons using Geant4-DNA. For this purpose,
an atomic model of DNA and a DNA damage classification matrix were
used to calculate different DNA break yields for 62-MeV protons. As
the reference radiation, the secondary electron spectrum produced by
60Co was evaluated. This helped to calculate the SSB and DSB
yields. Moreover, RBE was found to be between 1.1 at the first point
and 1.51 in the Bragg peak region. In this region, it was 37%
greater than the 5-mm depth in the plateau region. Considering
different threshold energies, the energy deposition at 10.79 eV had
the most contribution to the total damage. As the results suggested,
the depth dependence of RBE should be taken into account for proton
therapy. It was also found that DNA break yields significantly
depend on the threshold energy value.
Estimating photosynthetic capacity from optimized Rubisco–chlorophyll relationships among vegetation types and under global change
Authors: Lu Xuehe , Croft Holly , Chen Jing M , Luo Yiqi , Ju Weimin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax), a key parameter indicating photosynthetic capacity, is commonly fixed as a constant by vegetation types and/or varies according to empirical scaling functions in Earth system models (ESMs). As such, the setting of Vcmax results in uncertainties of estimated carbon assimilation. It is known that the coupling between leaf chlorophyll and Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase) contents can be applied to estimate Vcmax. However, how this coupling is affected by environmental changes and varies among plant functional types (PFTs) has not been well investigated yet. The effect of varying coupling between chlorophyll and Rubisco contents on the estimation of Vcmax is still not clear. In this study, we compiled data from 76 previous studies to investigate the coupling between Chlorophyll (Chl) and Rubisco (Rub), in different PFTs and under different environmental conditions. We also assessed the ability of a Rub-based semi-mechanistic model to estimate Vcmax normalized to 25 °C (Vcmax25) based on the Rub–Chl relationship. Our results revealed strong, linear Rub-Chl relationships for different PFTs (R
2 = 0.73, 0.67, 0.54 and 0.72 for forest, crop, grass and shrub, and C4 plants, respectively). The Rub–Chl slope of natural C3 PFTs was consistent and significantly different from those of crops and C4 plants. A meta-analysis indicated that reduced light intensity, elevated CO2, and nitrogen addition strongly altered Rub/Chl. A semi-mechanistic model based on PFT-specific Rub–Chl relationships was able to estimate Vcmax25 with high confidence. Our findings have important implications for improving global carbon cycle modeling by ESMs through the improved parameterization of Vcmax25 using remotely sensed Chl content.
Urbanization-induced environmental changes strongly affect wetland soil bacterial community composition and diversity
Authors: Yi Xinyu , Ning Chen , Feng Shuailong , Gao Haiqiang , Zhao Jianlun , Liao Juyang , Peng Yinghe , Zhao Shuqing , Liu Shuguang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Soil microbial communities potentially serve as indicators for their responses to changes in various ecosystems at scales from a region to the globe. However, changes in wetland soil bacterial communities and how they are related to urbanization intensities remains poorly understood. Here, we collected 60 soil samples along urbanization intensity gradients from 20 wetlands. We measured a range of environmental factors and characterized bacterial communities structure using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing that targeted the V4-V5 region. Our results revealed the dominant soil bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria (39.3%), Acidobacteria (21.4%) and Chloroflexi (12.3%) in the wetlands, and showed a significant divergence of composition in intensive urbanization area (UI_4) than other places. A critical ‘threshold’ exists in the soil bacterial diversity, demonstrating different patterns: a gradual increase in the areas of low-to-intermediate disturbances but a significant decrease in highly urbanized areas where metabolic functions were significantly strong. Additionally, soil pH, total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4
+-N) made a significant contribution to variations in bacterial communities, explaining 49.6%, 35.1%, 26.2% and 30.7% of the total variance, respectively. pH and NH4
+-N were identified as the main environmental drivers to determine bacterial community structure and diversity in the urban wetlands. Our results highlight collective changes in multiple environmental variables induced by urbanization rather than by the proportion of impervious surface area (ISA), which were potentially attributed to the spatial heterogeneity along different urbanization gradients.
Peat as a promising raw material for the creation of bacterial preparations in solid form
Authors: Kravets A V , Tereshchenko N N , Minaeva O M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The possibility of using peat as a solid base for a microbial preparation was investigated. The basis of the microbial consortium of the drug was made up of Pseudomonas extremorientalis and Aeromonas media isolated from coprolites of the earthworms Eisenia fetida, Savigny. Among the studied peat species, eutrophic woody peat (pH = 5.7, degree of decomposition 48%) was chosen, which stimulated the increase in the aboveground mass (+ 11%) of wheat seedlings in preliminary tests. We assessed the viability of bacteria within 2 months after their adsorption on peat. On the 56th day of the experiment, the number of A. media in the variant with a peat carrier remained at the highest possible level - 107 CFU / ml. In a vegetation experiment, it was found that the use of two microbial cultures (in liquid form and in solid after adsorption of bacteria on peat) for presowing seed treatment led to an increase in wheat germination by 9% (83% for the liquid form and 92% for the solid form). Plant biomass increased in variants using bacteria on peat compared to using bacteria in liquid form. The presence of peat and P. extremorientalis increased the aboveground weight of wheat by 5%, while peat with a mixture of bacteria increased this figure by 15%. In variants with the use of P. extremorientalis on peat, the rate of development of plant diseases decreased in comparison with the liquid form by more than 3 times. With the combined use of bacteria, peat provides high rates of germination of seeds and aboveground mass. The research results indicate a greater efficiency of using a solid preparative form of a microbial preparation in comparison with a liquid one.
Development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety using a humic preparation from peat
Authors: Romanova M S , Khaksar E V , Leonova N I , Novikov O O , Kosinova E I , Gantimurova A N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the growth of potato plants during in vitro cultivation and the possibility of using biological fertilizer from peat in different concentrations to improve the adaptation of plants to growing in ground for the development of a method for obtaining healthy mini-tubers of potatoes of the Yubilyar variety were studied. The influence of various nutrient medium compositions on the height, biomass, intensity of rhizogenesis, the number of internodes of improved potato micro-plants, as well as humic fertilizer from Humostim peat on the survival rate and height of potato plants when adapting it to ground conditions is analyzed. Taking into account the data obtained, as well as the cost of the studied variants of the medium, the optimal medium for growing potato micro-plants in laboratory conditions in vitro is a nutrient medium with a content of mineral components 1/3 from the norm. The use of humic preparation from peat Humostim in a concentration of 0.001% caused an acceleration of plant growth and an increase in their height, and this concentration is recommended for use.
The vortex layer apparatus as a source of low-grade heat in the process of pretreatment of the substrate before anaerobic digestion
Authors: Kovalev Andrey A , Kovalev Dmitriy A , Grigoriev Victor S , Litti Yuriy V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The limiting stage of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste is the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter. One of the most promising and energy-efficient methods of waste pretreatment before AD is its processing in a vortex layer apparatus (VLA). The work was aimed at experimentally determining the energy characteristics of VLA. The description of the experimental plant and its energy balance were given. The ranges of electricity consumption and heat generation were shown. According to experimental data, the coefficient of conversion of electricity into heat was in the range of 0.367-0.515 at a cooling water temperature of 10.6-11.7 oC. Based on the experimental data obtained, it can be argued that VLA is a stable source of low-grade heat that can be utilized using heat pumps.
Modeling of chloroform content in drinking water of infiltration water intake by periods of the annual cycle. Part 1. Extended flood period
Authors: Malkova M A , Vasileva A I , Minchenkov N D , Kantor E A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A relationship was found between the chloroform content in drinking water and the parameters characterizing the water quality (turbidity, chromaticity, oxidizability) during the extended flood period (March - June), isolated from the eighteen-year period of the infiltration water intake operation. Two time series were formed, including the monthly average values of the parameters for the entire observation period (72 values) and the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year (18 values). Two time series were formed, including the monthly average values of the parameters for the entire observation period (72 values) and the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year (18 values). Correlation-regression analysis showed that none of the parameters have a decisive significance for the chloroform content. Multiple correlation-regression analysis revealed that the regression equation for the time series of the averaged values of the parameters corresponding to each year is statistically reliable, is characterized by an acceptable mean error (about 12%) and can be used to assess the chloroform content in drinking water.
Metal chips preparation for utilization using advanced reagents
Authors: Samukov A , Cherkasova M , Kuksov M , Dmitriev S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article touches upon the problems of utilization of metal chips containing residues of cutting fluids. The research results are shown for nickel alloy chips washing to remove cutting fluids with the use of various reagents available on the current market. In the course of the research, an original colorimetric express method for assessing the contamination of metal chips was developed, which allows quickly and efficiently establishing the quantitative drop in the cutting fluids content in the chips after the washing. Conclusions are made as to the most effective reagent from the point of view of economics and quality of cutting fluid removal.
Low-waste innovative production technology for canned quince compote, enriched with natural nutrients
Authors: Rakhmanova M.M. , Akhmedov M.E. , Demirova A.F. , Abdulkhalikov Z.A. , Zagirov N.G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The enterprises processing plant raw materials generate a fairly large amount of waste (secondary products), which can play an important role in solving food, environmental, and energy problems. This work improves the technology for the production of canned quince compote using a two-stage microwave heating of fruits and fruits filled with syrup prepared from infusion obtained from secondary products of cutting and peeling. It has been established that two-stage heating of fruits and microwave treatment of fruits filled with syrup in a glass jar promote an increase in the initial temperature of the product in the jars before sealing and thereby reduces the heat treatment modes. The infusion obtained from the secondary products of the heat-treated fruits provides a significant increase of biologically active components in the finished product. The experimental studies were used to construct a mathematical model for calculating the initial temperature of the product before sterilization, which makes it possible to establish intensive pasteurization modes. New modes of pasteurization of quince compote in various containers have been established. Physicochemical studies confirm the high quality of the finished product in terms of the content of biologically active components.
Waste from processing of technical grape varieties in poultry nutrition
Authors: Akhmedkhanova Raisat , Shabanov Haji , Aliyeva Samira , Alakayeva Albina , Musayeva Irina , Hiramagomedova Patimat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The feed additives for balancing the diet for biologically active substances still utilizing up to the present time. Their main components are synthetic substances that have not only low digestibility, but also negatively affect human health. In this regard, we are developing technologies for the utilization of local plant feed additives and waste processing in the feeding of farm animals and poultry. This is the waste of processing technical grape varieties – grape pomace. These wastes can be considered as natural feed additives because after technological processing they can be used to produce flour with a high content of macro and microelements, vitamins, as well as amino acids.
Utilizing Effective Technology In High-Standard Road Defects Inventory System In Estonia
Authors: Truu Marek , Raun Romet , Jentson Maret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Road pavement is expected to withstand enormous traffic loads for long time but sooner or later the deterioration reaches levels when its optimal to apply treatment. While easy to measure roughness or rutting in normal traffic speed, defects are in most countries still collected by means of time-consuming visual inspection in low traffic speeds or expensive and difficult- to-use equipment. Also, most visual inspection systems only operate with aggregated inspection data. That makes data-collection expensive and defects-based decision-making inefficient. In Estonia, defects inventory system utilizes high quality panoramic and orthogonal images to enable data collection in traffic speeds and detailed mapping of pavement defects in 10 classes. Defects mapped in full detail means, that location, shape and size of each defect is known and classified data can be effectively used twice in pavement maintenance planning: for section selection planning in road network level when aggregated and for work method selection in design process when analyzed in detail. Combined with measured lidar-based point-cloud data, detailed 3d-basemap saves both road-owner's and road designer’s valuable time in design phase. In period of 2016-2020, around 35000km of state roads were analyzed with one of the most efficient road defects inventory systems in the world. Also, around 25000 km of municipal and forest roads have been captured with same technology covering several pavement types from bicycle paths to multilane streets and motorways. Current presentation discusses outcomes of Estonian defects inventory study in 2020.
Motivational Bonus-System Based On Pavement Installation Temperatures Measurement By Thermographic System (TGS Pavement) In Estonia
Authors: Raun Romet , Truu Marek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Paving is one of the most crucial stage in the matter of road lifespan, since it is the surface layer that has stand up to all the external factors (weather, traffic etc.). Insufficient pavement density caused by thermal segregation during paving works can reduce the lifespan significantly, especially in Estonian climate (freeze-thaw cycles). Modern technology offers different solutions to reduce the risk of low quality in asphalt production and road paving works. Mobile asphalt plant, feeder and thermo-isolated trailers are some piece of equipment, that contractor can use to level up the minimal required quality requirements. The question is, when to use those and which to use? Moreover, is there any possibility to motivate the contractors to put in some extra effort? In Estonia, motivational bonus-system has been established to encourage innovation and reward the extra effort that has been made for quality improvements. The methodology is based on years of experience gained in different researches and pilot-projects. There are no strict rules for the road paving equipment in the methodology – for example contractor can choose himself either the feeder or/and thermo-insulated trailers are used on not. The main requirement is that the temperatures of entire paving process (surface layer) has been measured and analyzed by special thermographic system. Current presentation discusses the symbiosis of bonus-malus system and development of special thermographic system (TGS Pavement) as a multifunctional tool in asphalt paving in Estonia.
Axial uniformity diagnosis of coaxial surface wave linear plasma by optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: ZHANG Wenjin , WEI Xinyu , CHEN Longwei , LIN Qifu , JIANG Yiman , LIU Chengzhou , SHAN Jiafang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The coaxial surface wave linear plasma with preeminent axial uniformity is developed with the 2.45 GHz microwave generator. By optical emission spectroscopy, parameters of the argon linear plasma with a length over 600 mm are diagnosed under gas pressure of 30 and 50 Pa and different microwave powers. The spectral lines of argon and H
β
(486.1 nm) atoms in excited state are observed for estimating electron excitation temperature and electron density. Spectrum bands in 305–310 nm of diatomic OH (

A

2

Σ

+

−

X

2

Π

i

) radicals are used to determine the molecule rotational temperature. Finally, the axial uniformity of electron density and electron excitation temperature are analyzed emphatically under various conditions. The results prove the distinct optimization of compensation from dual powers input, which can narrow the uniform coefficient of electron density and electron excitation temperature by around 40% and 22% respectively. With the microwave power increasing, the axial uniformity of both electron density and electron excitation temperature performs better. Nevertheless, the fluctuation of electron density along the axial direction appeared with higher gas pressure. The axial uniformity of coaxial surface wave linear plasma could be controlled by pressure and power for a better utilization in material processing.