bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Polish State Enterprise (SOE) on the list of the largest European companies
Authors: Pakulska Teresa , Poniatowska-Jaksch Małgorzata 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyW 2023 r. na liście Fortune Europe 500 uplasowało się jedynie 8 polskich przedsiębiorstw, w tym 7 klasyfikowanych jako State-Owned Enterprises, jednak na dość odległych miejscach. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kluczowych czynników tworzenia potencjału strategicznych SOEs w Polsce. U podstaw znajduje się teza, że ekspansja zagraniczna jest kluczem do długofalowego wzrostu i budowy wysokiej pozycji na rynku międzynarodowym, a barierą „uwięzienie” na ścieżce rozwoju.Materiał i metodyW badaniu wykorzystano bazę danych Orbis, WIG20 i informacje zawarte w skonsolidowanych sprawozdaniach finansowych SOEs. Stały się one podstawą do określenia: 1) miejsca polskich SOE wśród największych spółek notowanych na GPW WIG20, 2) syntetycznego wskaźnika potencjału ekonomicznego (di) na podstawie taksonomicznej metody wzorca rozwoju, 3) zakresu ekspansji zagranicznej - tzw. międzynarodowy ślad.WynikiZ badań wynika, że polskie strategiczne SOEs skoncentrowane na rynku krajowym. Niską skalę ich ekspansji zagranicznej objaśnia koncepcja ścieżki rozwoju w tym cele polityczne oraz brak czynników wypychających. Na tym tle wyróżniają się KGHM i PKN Orlen, spółki o wysokim di i relatywnie wysokim (jak na warunki polskie) IF.WnioskiBrak konfrontacji z konkurentami zewnętrznymi oraz uprzywilejowana pozycja na rynku krajowym polskich strategicznych SOEs w dłuższym okresie może prowadzić do ich niższej efektywności i innowacyjności.
Perspektywicznym kierunkiem badań może być poszukiwanie powiązań pomiędzy:
- celami internacjonalizacji SOEs (nie tylko politycznymi) a ich konkurencyjnością na rynku międzynarodowym w wymiarze społeczno-ekonomicznym oraz przemysłowej polityki państwa;
- zmianami w otoczeniu instytucjonalnym SOEs w kontekście ładu korporacyjnego oraz zakresu i sposobu kontroli państwa a ich ekspansją zagraniczną.
The migration-security nexus: desecuritization and the shift towards the sustainable approach
Authors: Polko Paulina 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesMigration emerged as a security issue in the context of the geopolitical dislocation shaped by the end of the Cold War and by social and political shifts associated with globalization processes. As such, the migration-security nexus tends to present the understanding of migration and migrants as a threat to the destination or transit countries. However, the increasing number of people on the move requires a change in the approach. The article aims to propose a wider and more sustainable approach to the migration-security nexus based on the desecuritization of migration processes and their participants. Using comparative analysis and discourse analysis, points to three levels of the migration-security nexus, taking into account the multiple perspectives of migration processes and their practical implications.Material and methodsUsing comparative analysis and discourse analysis, points to three levels of the migration-security nexus, taking into account the multiple perspectives of migration processes and their practical implications.ResultsThe approach proposes a more balanced and diverse understanding and research migration in the context of security, which allows for an in-depth and comprehensive study of the issue. This approach takes into account three groups of actors – countries of origin, countries of destination and people on the move themselves. Secondly, it requires examining migration both as a threat or challenge, but also as a potential source of security. Thirdly, the proposed approach combines the logic of strategic security and human security.ConclusionsAs deterring migration, especially illegal ones, is ineffective, new strategies for better understanding the issue on theoretical and practical levels are needed.
Cultural context of educational service management on example of e-learning website quality
Authors: Radziszewska Aleksandra 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine how e-learning website features distinguish in cultural context and to propose the adaptation possibilities of the specific cultural characteristics in e-learning website design with regard to the influence of different cultural dimensions on quality perception.Material and methodsBased on the literature review and the characteristic dimensions of Polish culture five hypotheses for the causal relationship between the cultural values and their influence on students’ requirements regarding e- learning website quality have been proposed. In order to test the hypotheses, a questionnaire survey has been carried out to gather empirical data. Correlation analyse was used to estimate the relationship between culture dependent students' expectations and estimated e-learning website features.ResultsAll research hypothesis are accepted. According to conducted analysis, e-learning website design, which takes into consideration cultural values and reflects culture dimensions typical for particular cultural group have positive influence on students’ experiences and online learning satisfaction.ConclusionsIt should be stated that in addition to functional requirement of the e-learning website, it should reflects the cultural environment. The findings of this study suggest that universities should consider different cultural dimensions, when they decide to formulate strategies about distance learning in international online environment and e-learning website design. Higher education institutions should use findings of this study to develop cultural adapted e-learning websites.
Analysis of education managment approaches in innovative markets on the international stage. Strategies for combining pedagogy and management on the modern school.
Authors: Świecarz Grzegorz Paweł , Miciuła Ireneusz , Wójcik – Czerniawska Agnieszka , Wojtaszek Henryk 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe article focuses on the importance of integrating educational management with pedagogical methods. To achieve the research objectives, the method of review of Polish and foreign literature and tabular comparisons of different educational systems was used.Material and methodsThe article emphasizes that effective education management requires not only administrative skills, but also a deep understanding of pedagogical processes. By combining these two areas, the educational system can be more effectively adapted to the needs of students and the challenges of today. Tabular comparisons presented different educational systems in the context of their management strategies and pedagogical approaches, allowing for a deeper understanding of global trends in education management.ResultsThe article also points to the need for continuous development and adaptation of educational systems, taking into account the changing social, technological and economic realities. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, these systems must be flexible and innovative.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the integration of educational management with pedagogy is essential for creating modern, effective and accountable educational systems. This approach can benefit teachers, students and the communities in which educational institutions operate.
‘WHAT KIND OF MOTHER ARE YOU?!’ AI-supported psychological analysis of the phenomenon of online hate speech against women giving birth by caesarean section
Authors: Tuszyńska-Bogucka Wioletta , Bosowska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesIn recent years, Poland has seen the emergence of online hate speech against women giving birth by caesarean section. This phenomenon appears to warrant exploration, given the negative impact it may have both on women who have already given birth in this way and on those who are about to choose how to give birth.Material and methodsBrand24 and Worditout, both AI-based tools, were used to analyse the online space related to pregnancy and motherhood topics in terms of hate speech against women giving birth by caesarean section.ResultsThe analysis revealed high levels of hate speech against this group. The sample utterances that have been analysed meet the criteria of interpersonal aggression. The haters focused not on the argumentative quality of their interaction with the antagonist, but on the attack intended to undermine the addressee’s psychological wellbeing through such linguistic strategies as stigmatisation, dehumanisation and depersonalisation.ConclusionsThe presented AI-based tools appear likely to become a viable option among contemporary instruments for monitoring psychological and social phenomena that may have a major impact on the wellbeing and functioning of large social groups.
Factors affecting rental use in the lower Silesia province during the pandemic period
Authors: Ivashko Olena , Urbańska Kamila , Górski Arkadiusz , Parkitna Agnieszka , Jeż Olgierd 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe article focuses on the analysis and evaluation of changes in tenant behavior and expecta-tions, in the rental market during constraints on the operation of, among others, institutions, businesses, and schools, during the pandemic. The behavior of young people, who, by defini-tion, base their housing needs more heavily on rent, was analyzed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors that affect the use of rent by young people in the Lower Silesian province during the pandemic. This research paper attempted to answer in what direction these changes have gone. In the process of designing the study, research hypotheses were formulated. Based on statistical analysis, it was assumed that the key factor that affects long-term rent use is lack of creditworthinessMaterial and methodsThe survey conducted focused on young people. An author's survey questionnaire was used. The questionnaire titled Rental Market Preferences addressed to tenants using rental housing in the Lower Silesian province during the study contained nine closed questions. This article focuses on the evaluation of the behavior of young people on the housing market during the pandemic period.ResultsThe methodology used allowed us to verify the relationship between the number of rooms rented and the rental risk factors, thus confirming the validity of the research hypothesis.ConclusionsFactors influencing long-term rental use include changes in personal circumstances and lack of creditworthiness. During the pandemic period, the number of divorces in Poland increased from 13.4 per 10,000 people in 2020 to 15.9 in 2022. The research was carried out in the cities of the Lower Silesian province, which is mainly populated by young people living away from the family home, unable to nest with their parents after the breakup of a relationship.
Young Artists Confronting Wartime — An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experience of Participation in an Art Competition
Authors: Weiner Agnieszka 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of the research is to try to broaden understanding of the meanings that young artists attribute to their experience of participating in an art competition.Material and methodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with young artists awarded in a competition. Transcriptions of the interviews were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. This approach was deemed the most appropriate to look at the personal experiences of the young artists and examine the way they give meaning to their lives and the world around them.ResultsThe results indicate that participation in the competition was meaningful for the young artists in many dimensions. It provided an opportunity for exploration, experimentation, making choices and taking responsibility for them, both in the realm of artistic craftsmanship and in the formation of identity, and building the world of one's life. Participation in the competition provided an opportunity for active and reflective action and an intense experience of community, collaboration and agency.ConclusionsThe conceptual framework, which enables, at the stage of interpretation, the disclosure and ordering of meanings and the rendering of the individual and the universal, was Bruner's concept of development-supporting education, which was placed in the context of a pedagogy of peace. The analysis of a fragment of school praxis revealed the everyday life we would expect from an educational institution. This micro-image of an alternative vision of the school where the individual can have a learning experience is a viable example. Important recommendations include the suggestion of promoting student tasks that break stereotypes and release the joy of working on oneself, in the context of using the resources and potential of the wider culture.
The Deconstruction of Modern Mortality of Death:
An Analysis Through Law, War, and Social Philosophy
Authors: Wierzchowski Tomasz , Iwanowska Bożena , Stadniczeńko Dawid , Kapranov Yan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis paper aims to explore the deconstruction of contemporary mortality through a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on law, warfare, and social philosophy. It examines how modern society navigates the complexities of death, both legally and socially, and investigates the impact of warfare and aging on perceptions of mortality.Material and methodsA qualitative analysis is conducted through a review of international legal frameworks, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Additionally, case studies of modern warfare (e.g., Ukraine and Gaza) and philosophical discourse on social death are examined.ResultsThe study finds that international law prioritizes the right to life, while the right to die remains a contested issue. Modern warfare complicates traditional notions of mortality, extending death beyond the battlefield. Social death, marked by withdrawal from societal engagement, highlights the role of aging and retirement in diminishing personal identity before biological death. These findings underscore modernity’s attempt to manage and distance itself from death, while also revealing the erosion of communal coping mechanisms in the face of mortality.ConclusionsThe paper concludes that the deconstruction of modern mortality reflects a broader societal shift towards the privatization and medicalization of death. It calls for renewed engagement with mortality through collective rituals, ethical reflection, and interdisciplinary discourse. Bauman’s insights on modern mortality remain relevant, emphasizing the need for a more open, empathetic confrontation with death in contemporary society.
Participation in a remote hearing in administrative court proceedings
Authors: Adamczyk Marcin 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyArtykuł poświęcony jest tematowi rozpraw zdalnych w postępowaniach sądowoadministracyjnych w Polsce. Przedstawia jak rozwój technologiczny i potrzeba cyfryzacji wpływają na wymiar sprawiedliwości, w szczególności w kontekście administracyjnych procesów sądowych, w których wykorzystanie narzędzi cyfrowych może znacząco zreformować dotychczasowe procedury. Przedstawiono obecny stan regulacji prawnych dotyczących prowadzenia rozpraw w formie zdalnej, podkreślając konieczność ich aktualizacji i dostosowania do dynamicznie zmieniających się warunków technologicznych. Celem artykułu jest nie tylko omówienie obowiązujących regulacji prawnych, ale również zaproponowanie kierunków ich rozwoju. W szczególności, zaproponowano wprowadzenie przepisów umożliwiających uczestnictwo w rozprawach zdalnych poza siedzibami sądów. Wskazano również na ryzyko, iż nie wystarczająco precyzyjne przepisy mogą pozostać bez praktycznego zastosowania, jeżeli nie zostaną podjęte odpowiednie kroki legislacyjne i organizacyjne. Konkludując, artykuł proponuje przyjęcie zdalnych rozpraw jako domyślnego trybu w postępowaniach sądowo-administracyjnych, podkreślając, że rozwiązanie to może przyspieszyć postępowania i zwiększyć dostęp do sądu, a tym samym zyskać zaufanie obywateli do wymiaru sprawiedliwości.Materiał i metodyObserwacja praktyki sądowej, egzegeza tekstu prawnego.WynikiBrak zasad pozwalających na szerokie korzystanie z rozpraw zdalnych w postępowaniu sądowo administracyjnym.WnioskiKonieczność zmian obowiązujących regulacji prawnych.
Inclusion in school: physical education teachers’ perceptions of students with impairments
Authors: Korczyński Tomasz Michał , Marek Piotr 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesUsing data from sociological research conducted among teachers of Polish schools in 2023, the authors investigated the attitudes of teachers towards students with impairments (SWI) participating in the program School Sports Club (SKS).Material and methodsThe analyses were based on research conducted in 2023 by the Department of Social Sciences at the Institute of Sport-National Research Institute (IS-PIB) among students and teachers of Polish schools. The presented results are part of a sociological study that included a total of 5,330 respondents, comprising 2,294 PE teachers and 3,036 students, and reflect the opinions of teachers towards students with impairments.ResultsThe results indicated that most teachers do not have direct contact with SWI, which affects their opinions and lack of readiness to work with such students. Only 15% of teachers have experience working with impaired students, and 66% express openness to such cooperation, but often with certain conditions. It was found that teachers with longer work experience and higher qualifications are not more open to working with SWI. Teachers need appropriate training and continuous professional development to effectively include SWI in sports activities.ConclusionsIt seems necessary to pay attention to the interdisciplinary nature of education so that PE teachers have a broader view of their students’ needs. Practitioners with broad perspectives on conducting physical activity classes were more likely to use individualized criteria and facilitate integration than those who demonstrated narrow perspectives, such as strictly adhering to the curriculum and expected normative performance.
The creation of Poland's development assistance system - continued
Authors: Sobotka Bartosz 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo present elements of the emerging Poland's development assistance system as an important part of Poland's foreign policy.Material and methodsAnalysis of documents and available literature.ResultsThe article defines and justifies the catalogue of Poland's priority countries and Poland's specialization in development assistance (political transformation in the context of decentralization and the non-formal education sector) for Ukraine in particular.ConclusionsThe rationale is based on existing comparative advantages and is linked to the overarching goals of Poland's foreign policy - creating security and increasing prosperity, in particular by improving the quality of human capital in Ukraine affecting the labour market in Poland in terms of migration. The text draws attention to the possibility of linking the bilateral program of Poland's aid with multilateral assistance from the European Union. The proposed solutions respond to the conclusions and recommendations of the OECD report on the evaluation of our development assistance system.
Possibilities of Using Artificial Intelligence in Security Analysis
Authors: Ciesielski Maciej Norbert 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyCelem artykułu jest przybliżenie charakterystyki i potencjału analitycznego sztucznej inteligencji w obszarze analizy bezpieczeństwa. Tekst ma pomóc udzielić odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze:
•	Jaka jest charakterystyka wyobraźni analitycznej identyfikowanej jako narzędzie, które mogłoby być wykorzystane przez sztuczną inteligencje w analizach bezpieczeństwa?
•	W jakich okolicznościach sztuczna inteligencja jest w stanie uwzględnić charakterystykę cyklu wywiadowczego w generowanych odpowiedziach i opracowaniach?
•	Które cechy właściwe dla myślenia kontekstowego oraz myślenia krytycznego stanowią wyzwanie dla sztucznej inteligencji, a które są polem jej przewagi poznawczej nad człowiekiem?Materiał i metodyAnaliza krytyczna, analiza literaturyWynikiWyobraźnia analityczna składa się z dwóch wzajemnie warunkujących się oraz częściowo nachodzących na siebie elementów: myślenia kontekstowego oraz myślenia krytycznego. Oba te pojęcia mają swoje konkretne właściwości ze względu na specyfikę domeny bezpieczeństwa. W tym kontekście kluczowe jest pojmowanie bezpieczeństwa jako procesu społecznego, czyli fenomenu dynamicznego, zmiennego, płynnego, który wymaga od analityka konkretnych narzędzi. To stanowi dla sztucznej inteligencji realne wyzwanie.WnioskiW tekście omówiono łącznie dwanaście cech wyobraźni analitycznej wykorzystywanej w domenie bezpieczeństwa – odpowiednio pięć dotyczących myślenia kontekstowego oraz siedem związanych z myśleniem krytycznym. Łącznie na dwanaście cech/zmiennych, które składają się na wyobraźnię analityczną, już na chwilę obecną sztuczna inteligencja sprawnie funkcjonuje (albo zaraz będzie sprawnie funkcjonować) praktycznie we wszystkich.
Multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of students in Poland
with the view to the demographic crisis and its impact on social security
Authors: Skrabacz Aleksandra , Kozicki Bartosz , Jaśkiewicz Paweł 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe article presents the original multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of students in terms of their population in Poland with the view to the demographic crisis and its impact on the acceptable level of social security. The demographic low in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union and the largest after the Second World War.Material and methodsThe research would be based mainly on the analysis of available studies and materials enabling the review and organization of information concerning the demographic crisis, the transformation of the family model and the reorganization of the education system. Primary research focused on statistical analyzes of total fertility rate, including births and deaths, marriages and divorces, and the number of children in educational institutions.ResultsPrimary data on the number of students were grouped into voivodeships, school types and compared with the population in particular age groups. Additionally, the human population was divided into two groups of dependent variables: the number of people in cities and rural areas - men and women in particular age groups. The lack of a symmetrical distribution between the number of women and men in Poland is particularly visible in the group over 62 years of age.ConclusionsThe visible decline in the number of students in particular age groups from 0 to 19 years in institutions such as kindergartens, primary and secondary schools compared to the current number of people constituting the Polish workforce in particular age groups from 20 to 65 years indicates a reduction in the number in the future employees in every sector of the economy. That, as a result, will have a direct impact on both state finances and the education system in Poland, which will be reduced by teaching staff and students dynamically.