bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of five complementary relationship models for estimating actual evapotranspiration during soil freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Yang Yong , Chen Rensheng , Song Yaoxuan , Han Chuntan , Liu Zhangwen , Liu Junfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe actual evapotranspiration (ETa) estimated models based on the complementary relationship (CR) theory have been applied in various climatic conditions around the world. However, in cold regions, the evaluation of the adaptability of the CR models was performed through complete freeze-thaw cycles, and the adaptability during various periods of soil freeze-thaw cycles has not been evaluated separately. Daily ETa was measured by lysimeters on alpine grassland in the Qilian Mountains from 2010 to 2017, and the measurements were used to evaluate five CR models during the thawing, thawed, freezing, and frozen periods, respectively. The five models comprised the advection-aridity (AA) model of Brutsaert and Stricker, the GG model proposed by Granger and Gray, Morton's CR areal evapotranspiration (CRAE) model, the Han model, and Brutsaert model. The results show that all five CR models were only able to estimate daily ETa during the thawed period. None of the models could estimate the daily ETa during the thawing, freezing, or frozen periods. The basic assumptions of the CR may not be suitable for non-thawed periods with complex energy processes, and no complementary behavior was shown in the non-thawed periods. The CR models must be applied with caution during freeze-thaw cycles in cold regions.
Analysis of diurnal, seasonal, and annual distribution of urban sub-hourly to hourly rainfall extremes in Germany
Authors: Haacke Nasrin , Paton Eva Nora 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The timing of short extreme rainstorm, which was usually thought to occur on midsummer afternoons, was investigated to improve future mitigation options for infrastructure and safety from localised flash flooding. Using a peak-over-threshold approach, the timing of 10- and 60-min extreme events was filtered from high-resolution rainfall series assessing diurnal, seasonal, and annual distributions and analysed for spatial variations and prevailing atmospheric circulation types (CTs). The diurnal distribution showed a clear deviation from that of the entire rainfall regime. A complex spatial pattern was identified with distinct timing signatures of storms in the northern (mostly afternoon) and southern regions (a bimodal distribution with a second peak in the early morning) of Germany and a more homogenous diurnal distribution of events across the central regions. Most storms occurred in summer, but 42% of 10-min events occurred outside the summer months (June–July–August). A distinct annual clustering of extremes was identified, which varied distinctly between the 10- and 60-min extremes, indicating that the sub-hourly and hourly events were far from running conterminously. The timing of extreme events on the investigated time scales was not dominated by the occurrence of specific CTs in most cases, suggesting that other factors control these extremes.
Advances in efficient desalination technology of capacitive deionization for water recycling
Authors: Tong Yuhao , Zhou Shuang , Zhou Jun , Zhang Guanteng , Li Xiaolin , Zhao Chunxia , Liu Pengyan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Available freshwater resources are becoming harder to obtain due to climate change, population growth, industrial development, and water pollution. The main technologies in the field of wastewater desalination include reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, thermal distillation, and adsorption etc. Capacitive deionization technology (CDI) belongs to a novel electrochemical desalination technology with low energy consumption and low environmental impact, simple equipment structure and convenient operation. With the importance of wastewater desalination highlighted, some great technological progress of CDI has been made in electrode materials, reactor structure and the hybrid process. In this paper, the development of CDI technology was expounded from three aspects to achieve the goal of strong adaptability, low cost and strong adsorption capacity by analysis of the latest research papers. Corresponding improved methods of CDI are summarized to solve the main technology bottlenecks such as the inefficient and vulnerable electrode materials, low selectivity and unreasonable unit structure, and limitations of single CDI unit for promoting the continuous development of CDI technology.
Transferability of a lumped hydrologic model, the Xin'anjiang model based on similarity in climate and geography
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Jian-yun , Elmahdi Amgad , Yang Qin-li , Guan Xiao-xiang , Liu Cui-shan , He Rui-min , Wang Guo-qing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hydrological experiments are essential to understanding the hydrological cycles and promoting the development of hydrologic models. Model parameter transfers provide a new way of doing hydrological forecasts and simulations in ungauged catchments. To study the transferability of model parameters for hydrological modelling and the influence of parameter transfers on hydrological simulations, the Xin'anjiang model (XAJ model), which is a lumped hydrologic model based on a saturation excess mechanism that has been widely applied in different climate regions of the world, was applied to a low hilly catchment in eastern China, the Chengxi experimental watershed (CXEW). The suitability of the XAJ model was tested in the eastern branch catchment of CXEW and the calibrated model parameters of the eastern branch catchment were then transferred to the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CXEW. The results show that the XAJ model performs well for the calibrated eastern branch catchment at both daily and monthly scales on hydrological modelling with the NSEs over 0.6 and the REs less than 2.0%. Besides, the uncalibrated catchments of the western branch catchment and the entire watershed of the CSEW share similarities in climate (the precipitation) and geography (the soil texture and vegetation cover) with the calibrated catchment, the XAJ model and the transferred model parameters can capture the main features of the hydrological processes in both uncalibrated catchments (western catchments and the entire watershed). This transferability of the model is useful for a scarce data region to simulate the hydrological process and its forecasting.
The Impact of Cell-free Plasma DNA on Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abonar Abdelraouf A. , Ayoub Shymaa E. , Tagreda Ibrahim A. , Abdelhafez Marwa N. , Khamiss Mohammed M. , Abdelaziz Mohamed I. , Gaber Sylvana N. , Amin Amal , Mohammed Shereen R. 
Published: February 2021

:
Increased cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is observed in many diseases such as
cancer, myocardial infarction, and autoimmune diseases. It has the ability to alter the
receptor cell phenotype, triggering events related to malignant transformation. Our study
aims at assessing the use of cell-free plasma DNA in the diagnosis of metastatic and
non-metastatic prostate cancer. The study included 180 subjects who were classified
into four groups: Group I (GI) included 50 perfect health subjects as the control group,
Group II (GII) included 40 patients with prostatitis, group III (GIII) included 40 patients
with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Group IV (GIV) included 50 patients with
pre-operative prostate cancer (PC). Evaluation of the plasma level of circulating cell-free
DNA by real-time PCR and measurement of total PSA (tPSA) and free to total PSA
percent (f/tPSA%) were carried out for all groups. Our study revealed that the level of
tPSA was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients, while levels of f/t PSA were
found to be significantly lower. The level of cfDNA was significantly higher in prostate
cancer patients (399.9±88.6ng/ul) when compared to that of group I (12.1±1.5ng/ul)
(p<0.01), group II (14.7±2.4 ng/ul) (p<0.01), and group III (26.6±45.6 ng/ul) (p<0.01)
respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in yields of cfDNA between
metastatic and non-metastatic groups (P=0.03) with a higher level in the metastatic
group.
Association between HbA1C (Glycated Hemoglobin) and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Neuro-intervention
Authors: Park Chan W. , Yi Ho J. , Lee Dong H. , Sung Jae H. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
Our study investigated the association between the level of HbA1c (glycated
hemoglobin) at admission and the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods:
A total of 510 patients treated with neuro-intervention for aneurysmal SAH and with data
for admission HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) were included. Favorable clinical outcome was
defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2 at 3 months. Receiver operating characteristic
(ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal cutoff value of HbA1C for unfavorable
clinical outcomes. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between HbA1C level
and outcomes.

Results:
The optimal cutoff value of HbA1C was identified as 6.0% (P < 0.001), and patients with
a high HbA1C (≥ 6.0%) had a lower prevalence of favorable clinical outcomes than patients with
low HbA1C (< 6.0%) (P < 0.001). High HbA1C (≥ 6.0%) was independently associated with unfavorable
clinical outcome (OR 2.84; 95% CI: 1.52-5.44; P = 0.004). The risk of unfavorable clinical
outcome was significantly increased in patients with HbA1C (≥ 7.0%, < 8%) and HbA1C (≥ 8.0%)
compared with lower baseline HbA1C (≥ 6.0%, < 7%) values (OR 2.17; 95% CI: 1.87-5.13; P =
0.011 and OR 4.25; 95% CI: 3.17-8.41; P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
Our study showed that HbA1C could be an independent predictor of worse outcomes
following neuro-intervention for aneurysmal SAH. High HbA1C (≥ 6.0%) was associated with unfavorable
clinical outcomes, and gradual elevation of HbA1C contributed to an increase in the risk
of worse clinical outcomes after SAH.
Central Neural Circuits Orchestrating Thermogenesis, Sleep-Wakefulness
States and General Anesthesia States
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Liu Daiqiang , Li Jiayan , Sun Jia , Huang Yujie , Zhang Shuang , Gao Shaojie , Mei Wei 
Published: February 2021

:
Great progress has been made in specifically identifying the central neural circuits (CNCs) of the core body temperature (Tcore), sleep-wakefulness states (SWs), and general anesthesia states (GAs), mainly utilizing optogenetic or chemogenetic manipulations. We summarize the neuronal populations and neural pathways of these three CNCs, which gives evidence for the orchestration within these three CNCs, and the integrative regulation of these three CNCs by different environmental light signals. We also outline some transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function in the CNCs-Tcore and are modulated by some general anesthetics, which makes TRP channels possible targets for addressing the general-anesthetics-induced-hypothermia (GAIH). We suggest this review will provide new orientations for further consummating these CNCs and elucidating the central mechanisms of GAIH.
Serine Proteases and Chemokines in Neurotrauma: New Targets for Immune Modulating Therapeutics in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Beladi Roxana N. , Varkoly Kyle S. , Schutz Lauren , Zhang Liqiang , Yaron Jordan R. , Guo Qiuyun , Burgin Michelle , Hogue Ian , Tierney Wesley , Dobrowski Wojciech , Lucas Alexandra R. 
Published: February 2021

:
Progressive neurological damage after brain or spinal cord trauma causes loss of motor
function and treatment is very limited. Clotting and hemorrhage occur early after spinal cord (SCI)
and traumatic brain injury (TBI), inducing aggressive immune cell activation and progressive neuronal
damage. Thrombotic and thrombolytic proteases have direct effects on neurons and glia, both
healing and also damaging bidirectional immune cell interactions. Serine proteases in the thrombolytic
cascade, tissue- and urokinase-type plasminogen activators (tPA and uPA), as well as the clotting
factor thrombin, have varied effects, increasing neuron and glial cell growth and migration
(tPA), or conversely causing apoptosis (thrombin) and activating inflammatory cell responses. tPA
and uPA activate plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that break down connective tissue
allowing immune cell invasion, promoting neurite outgrowth. Serine proteases also activate chemokines.
Chemokines are small proteins that direct immune cell invasion but also mediate neuron and
glial cell communication. We are investigating a new class of therapeutics, virus-derived immune
modulators; One that targets coagulation pathway serine proteases and a second that inhibits chemokines.
We have demonstrated that local infusion of these biologics after SCI reduces inflammation
providing early improved motor function. Serp-1 is a Myxomavirus-derived serine protease inhibitor,
a serpin, that inhibits both thrombotic and thrombolytic proteases. M-T7 is a virus-derived
chemokine modulator.

:
Here we review the roles of thrombotic and thrombolytic serine proteases and chemoattractant proteins,
chemokines, as potential therapeutic targets for SCI. We discuss virus-derived immune modulators
as treatments to reduce progressive inflammation and ongoing nerve damage after SCI.
Genotyping and Drug Susceptibility Patterns of M. Tuberculosis Isolated from HIV Seropositive Patients in Tehran Iran
Authors: Feyisa Seifu Gizaw , Rasoolinejad Mehrnaz , Hasan-Nejad Maliheh , Amini Siroos , Hamzelou Gholamreza , Kardan-Yamchi Jalil , Kazemian Hossein , Karami-Zarandi Morteza , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

Aim:
To investigate the prevalence and drug-resistance M. tuberculosis isolated from HIV seropositive individuals in Tehran, Iran.

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most important risk factors for developing active tuberculosis (TB).

Objective:
To determine the rate of transmission and drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MTB) strains isolated from HIV seropositive patients in Tehran province, Iran.

Methods:
This study consecutively enrolled 217 TB/HIV coinfected patients from April 2018 to
August 2019 at Emam Khomeini referral hospital and 5 other health centers in Tehran province.
The isolates were genotyped using 15 loci Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number
tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for
6 drugs. In addition, mutations were assessed in rpoB, katG, inhA, and ahpC genes using Reverse
Blot Hybridization Assay System.

Results:
A 20 (9.2%) patients were culture-positive for M. tuberculosis and typed by MIRU-VNTR,
13 (65%) strains formed 5 clusters, but 6 (30%) isolates had a unique pattern. The total Hunter–
Gaston discrimination index (HGDI) for all 15 loci was 0.846, and the cluster size was 2 to 4
patients. The estimated proportion of recent transmission was 45%. The mutation was identified in
1 isolate, lost inhAW1 and mutation in MT1 loci, which was resistant to isoniazid (INH). Moreover,
1 (5%) and 3 (15%) isolates were resistant to INH and ethambutol (EMB), respectively, of
which 1 was resistant to INH and EMB.

Conclusion:
The transmission rate of TB in HIV patients was relatively high; however, the prevalence of drug-resistant strains and TB infection in females was insignificant in this study (p<0.05); none of the isolates was MDR strains.
Withdrawal Notice: Green Organic Films and Coatings: Developments and Future Challenges
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Jouyandeh Maryam , Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Habibzadeh Sajjad , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry; due
to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Analysis of Missed Diagnosis of Gastric Lipomas by CT
Authors: Xu Long , Zhang Xiao Dong , Zeng Chen , Yang Han Feng 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Although Computed Tomography (CT) is the most convenient technology
for the diagnosis of gastric lipoma, it also has a high rate of missed diagnosis of gastric lipoma.

Objective:
To analyze the causes of missed diagnosis of gastric lipomas by CT.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied the CT images and CT diagnosis reports of 25 cases of gastric
lipoma confirmed by surgery or clinical follow-up at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan
Medical College and Nanchong Central Hospital from 2016 to 2020 and analyzed the causes of
missed diagnosis of gastric lipomas.

Results:
Among the 25 cases of gastric lipomas included in this study, 17 cases (68.0%) were correctly
diagnosed by CT, and 8 cases (32.0%) were missed, but there was no case of misdiagnosis.
Eighteen cases (72.0%) of gastric lipomas were located in the gastric antrum, 2 cases (8.0%) at the
junction of the gastric body and antrum, 5 cases (20.0%) at the fundus of the stomach, 23 cases
(92.0%) under the gastric mucosa, and 2 cases (8.0%) under the gastric serous membrane. All gastric
lipoma cases were manifested as round or oval-shaped low-density shadows with clear boundaries
on CT. 22 cases (88.0%) showed homogeneous low-density shadows while 3 cases (12.0%)
mainly showed low-density shadows containing medium-density strips. There was no obvious enhancement
in the contrast-enhanced CT scan. The gastric lipoma cases missed by CT were all located
under the gastric mucosa of the gastric antrum. When reading the CT images on the default upper
abdominal window width and window level, all the missed lesions were similar to the gas image.
And the straight meridian of the three lesions was less than 2 cm.

Conclusion:
Fat density shadow in gastric antrum area was mistaken for gastrointestinal gas. Improper
CT image window width and window levels and small gastric lipoma volume, along with insufficient
knowledge of gastric lipomas imaging by the clinician, might be the main causes of
missed diagnosis of gastric lipomas by CT. Familiarity with the CT manifestations of gastric lipomas
and rich clinical experience can improve the rate of correct diagnosis of gastric lipomas by
CT.
Fe3O4@SiO2-Propyl Covalent Dapsone-Copper Complex: Synthesis,
Characterization and Application for the Synthesis of New Derivatives of
Azo-Linked Thiazolidinones and their Solvatochromism Evaluation
Authors: Fekri Leila Zare 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Thiazolidinone-4-ones belong to an important heterocyclic compounds because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. Several methods for the synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones were reported in the literature. The main synthetic routes to synthesize 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones is the three component reaction between amine, a carbonyl compound and a mercapto-acid.

Objective:
Dapsone-Cu supported on silica coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2-pr@dapsone-Cu) as a new heterogeneous nanoparticle catalyst was synthesized and the structure and morphology of this catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Xray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The new synthesized catalyst was applied as an effective nanocatalyst for the synthesis of new derivatives of azo-linked thiazolidinones through one-pot multi-component reaction of various aromatic aldehydes, thioglycolic acid and 4-aminoazobenzene under solvent-free condition.

Methods:
A mixture of aldehyde, thioglycolic acid, 4-aminoazobenzene (1 mmol) and 0.05 g Fe3O4@SiO2@dapsone-Cu MNPs were stirred at room temperature under solvent-free condition.

Results:
We report a facile, green, new and efficient method for the synthesis of thiazolidine-4-ones through three component reaction of various aldehydes, thioglycolic acid and 4-aminoazobenzene in the presence of Fe3O4@SiO2-propyl@dapsone-Cu complex under solvent-free reaction.

Conclusion:
This new procedure has the notable advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time, operational simplicity, easy work-up, eco-friendly and using a non-toxic catalyst. Also, the catalyst is easily recoverable in the presence of an enourmous magnet and reused for six consecutive reaction cycles without significant loss of activity.
Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia as Experimental Model to Study Effects
of Oxycodone on Respiratory Depression
Authors: Webster Lynn R. , Hansen Erik , Stoddard Gregory J. , Rynders Austin , Ostler David , Lennon Harley 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Opioid analgesics used to treat pain can cause respiratory depression. However, this effect has not been extensively studied, and life- threatening, opioid-induced respiratory depression remains difficult to predict. We tested the ventilatory response to hypercapnia for evaluating the pharmacodynamic effect of a drug on respiratory depression.

Methods:
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, study in 12 healthy adult males. Subjects received 2 treatments (placebo and immediate-release oxycodone 30 mg) separated by a 24-hour washout period. Subjects inhaled a mixture of 7% carbon dioxide, 21% oxygen, and 72% nitrogen for 5 minutes to assess respiratory depression. Minute ventilation, respiratory rate, tidal volume, flow rate, end-tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation were recorded continuously at pre-dose and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post-dose. The primary endpoint was the effect on ventilatory response to hypercapnia at 60 minutes post-dose, as assessed by the slope of the linear relationship between minute ventilation and end-tidal CO2.

Results:
At 60 minutes post-dose, subjects had a mean slope of 2.4 in the oxycodone crossover period, compared to 0.1 in the placebo period (mean difference, 2.3; 95%CI: 0.2 to 4.5; p = 0.035). Statistical significance was likewise achieved at the secondary time points (30, 120, and 180 minutes post-dose, p <0.05).

Conclusions:
This model for testing ventilatory response to hypercapnia discriminated the effect of 30 mg of oxycodone vs. placebo for up to 3 hours after a single dose. It may serve as a method to predict the relative effect of a drug on respiratory depression.