bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived racial discrimination, resilience, and oral health behaviours of adolescents with immigrant backgrounds
Authors: Saluja Priyanka , Bohlouli Babak , Hoglund Wendy , Amin Maryam 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Unmet oral health needs remain a significant issue among immigrant adolescents, often exacerbated by experiences of racial discrimination. This study aimed to examine the associations between perceived discrimination and oral health behaviours in adolescents with immigrant backgrounds and explore the potential moderating role of resilience on this association.

Methods
Ethical approval for this cross-sectional study was obtained from the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board. Participants were 12 to 18-year-old adolescents from immigrant backgrounds. Participants were recruited through nine community organizations using a snowball sampling technique. After obtaining active parental consent and assent from the adolescent, the participants completed a questionnaire covering demographics, oral health behaviours, and perceived racial discrimination and resilience. Perceived racial discrimination and resilience were measured using validated scales. Descriptive statistics summarized variables. Logistic regression assessed associations, controlling for confounding factors. Resilience’s moderating impact was analyzed via the interaction model of regression analysis.

Results
In this cross-sectional study of 316 participants, average age of 15.3 (SD = 1.9) years, and a median age of 15 years (Inter Quartile Range-12-18), 76% reported discrimination experiences. Adjusted analysis showed that an increase of one unit in the total discrimination distress score was associated with 51% less likelihood of categorizing self-rated oral health as good (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29–0.81). The odds of brushing teeth more than twice a day, as opposed to once a day, decreased by 58% with one unit increase in the total discrimination distress score (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25–0.71). The odds of visiting the dentist for an urgent procedure instead of a regular check-up were 2.3 times higher with a unit increase in the total discrimination distress score (OR = 2.3: 95% CI:1.3–4.0) Resilience did not moderate the observed association.

Conclusion
Perceived racial discrimination was associated with the pattern for dental attendance, tooth brushing frequency, and self-rated oral health. Resilience did not moderate the observed association.
An overview of healthcare-associated Candida auris outbreaks in Ministry of Health hospitals–Saudi Arabia 2020–2022; Retrospective multicentric study
Authors: Alanazi Khalid H. , Roushdy Hala M. , ALzubaidi Waad I. , Alanazi Arwa S. , Alanazi Nawal M. , Alamri Ahlam H. , Alnshbah Yahya I. , AL Almatrafi Nawaf M. , Al Shahrani Zainah M. , Alanazi Adel S. , Alshanbari Nasser H. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging fungus pathogen associated with nosocomial infections that is seen as a serious global health issue.

Aim
To describe the epidemiology and features of hospital-acquired Candida auris outbreaks in the Ministry of Health hospitals (MOH).

Methods
A three-year (2020–2022) retrospective analysis of Candida auris outbreaks in the Saudi MOH hospitals. A total of 45 hospitals were involved, with 511 cases of Candida auris. The data collected from the General Directorate of Infection Prevention and Control (GDIPC) platform comprises all patients’ data for C. auris instances, whether infected or colonized.

Results
Out of the 511 Candida auris recruited cases, 291 (56.9%) were infected, whereas 220 (43.1%) were colonized. 32.9% of cases were above the age of 65, and 68.9% were male. The majority of cases were admitted in the ICU unit (95.5%). Approximately 18.8% of cases were diabetes, and 18.5% were hypertensive. Central lines were discovered in 37.7% of the cases. Approximately 85.9% of cases had Foley catheters, 68.5% were on ventilators, and 53.8% had a tracheostomy. The crude mortality rate was particularly high (41.5%) among the study cases. It was non-significantly higher among infected individuals (44.7%) than colonized patients (37.3%) at (p value = 0.093). The prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.001), DM (p = 0.003), and peripheral line insertion (p = 0.004) was significantly higher among colonized patients. While the presence of COVID-19 (p = 0.001), and central line insertion (p = 0.001) was significantly higher among infected patients.

Conclusion
C. auris is a new pathogen that causes hospital outbreaks. Strict adherence to infection prevention and control criteria established by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and GDPIC has significantly contained and reduced the spread of these outbreaks. One-month retrospective surveillance before diagnosing the index case and a prospective surveillance strategy for at least three months is highly recommended.
Prediction of the need for surgery in patients with unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm based on SOFA score
Authors: Weng Chao , Yu Cong , Yang Guang-wei , Jiang Jin-song , Wu Hao 
Published: January 2025

Objective
This retrospective study aimed to explore the association and clinical value of sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on the predictors of adverse events in patients with unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Methods
A total of 322 patients from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were enrolled. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the association between SOFA and primary outcome (need for surgery, NFS). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and nomogram analyses were used to assess its performance for predicting NFS. We also explored the association and clinical value of SOFA on secondary outcomes including hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU-LOS, and in-hospital mortality by linear and logistic regression analyses, generalized additive model, ROC, and decision curve analysis.

Results
Totally 291 patients underwent the surgery. High SOFA score significantly correlated with NFS both in crude and adjusted models (all P<0.05). SOFA had a relatively favorable prediction performance on NFS (AUC = 0.701, 95%CI: 0.596–0.802). After adjusting for related diseases, its prediction performance was increased. When SOFA was combined with lactate and gender, the model showed an AUC of 0.888 (95%CI: 0.759–1.000) and 0.3–0.9 prediction possibility. Further, the SOFA also showed significant relationship with hospital-LOS, ICU-LOS, and in-hospital mortality (all P<0.05), and exerted some value in the prediction of 7-day hospital-LOS (AUC = 0.637, 95%CI: 0.575–0.686) and in-hospital mortality (AUC = 0.637, 95%CI: 0.680–0.845).

Conclusions
SOFA score was related to the NFS and can be regarded as a useful indicator for predicting the NFS in patients with AAA.
Association between exclusive or dual use of combustible cigarettes and heated tobacco products and depressive symptoms
Authors: Lee Bo Gyeong , Lee Haein , Kim Namhee 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
Despite the advent of heated tobacco products (HTPs), their relationship to mental health remains unclear. This study aimed to determine associations between the use of combustible cigarettes (CCs) and HTPs with depressive symptoms.

Methods
This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2023. Using the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 5,349 adults aged 19 years or older were classified into four groups: non-users, CC-only users, HTP-only users, and dual users. Relationships between exclusive or dual use of CCs and HTPs and depressive symptoms were analyzed using item scores and total scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). To examine associations between exclusive or dual use of CCs and HTPs and depressive symptoms, a multinomial regression analysis was performed using the PHQ-9 total score.

Results
HTP-only users had the highest proportion of those with anhedonia and depressed mood. CC-only users had the highest proportion of individuals with trouble sleeping, while dual users had a higher proportion of those with fatigue and appetite problems. After adjusting for general characteristics, compared to non-users, CC-only users were more likely to have mild and moderate to severe depressive symptoms. HTP-only users and dual users were also more likely to have moderate to severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
All smokers have a higher risk of depression than non-smokers. Health care providers should closely monitor depressive symptoms, especially in HTP users and dual users of tobacco products.
pyAKI—An open source solution to automated acute kidney injury classification
Authors: Porschen Christian , Ernsting Jan , Brauckmann Paul , Weiss Raphael , Würdemann Till , Booke Hendrik , Amini Wida , Maidowski Ludwig , Risse Benjamin , Hahn Tim , von Groote Thilo 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, affecting up to 50% of patients in the intensive care units. The lack of standardized and open-source tools for applying the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria to time series, requires researchers to implement classification algorithms of their own which is resource intensive and might impact study quality by introducing different interpretations of edge cases. This project introduces pyAKI, an open-source pipeline addressing this gap by providing a comprehensive solution for consistent KDIGO criteria implementation.

Materials and methods
The pyAKI pipeline was developed and validated using a subset of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, a commonly used database in critical care research. We constructed a standardized data model in order to ensure reproducibility. PyAKI implements the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline on AKI diagnosis. After implementation of the diagnostic algorithm, using both serum creatinine and urinary output data, pyAKI was tested on a subset of patients and diagnostic accuracy was compared in a comparative analysis against annotations by physicians.

Results
Validation against expert annotations demonstrated pyAKI’s robust performance in implementing KDIGO criteria. Comparative analysis revealed its ability to surpass the quality of human labels with an accuracy of 1.0 in all categories.

Discussion
The pyAKI pipeline is the first open-source solution for implementing KDIGO criteria in time series data. It provides a standardized data model and a comprehensive solution for consistent AKI classification in research applications for clinicians and data scientists working with AKI data. The pipeline’s high accuracy make it a valuable tool for clinical research and decision support systems.

Conclusion
This work introduces pyAKI as an open-source solution for implementing the KDIGO criteria for AKI diagnosis using time series data with high accuracy and performance.
Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adolescents and young adult patients attending HIV care and treatment clinic at Bombo Hospital in Tanga region-Tanzania
Authors: Kamote Sophia , Tesha Novatus Apolinary , Sunguya Bruno F. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Adherence to HIV treatment regimens involves the consistent and correct intake of all prescribed medications. The implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) program has significantly reduced mortality among adolescents living with HIV. However, adherence to ART is lower among adolescents compared to other sub-populations and even lower in sub-Saharan Africa. The factors influencing ART adherence are context-specific and vary across countries and regions. In the Tanzanian context, there is a paucity of data regarding these factors.

Methodology
This cross-sectional study involved 385 adolescents and young adults living with HIV receiving treatment at Bombo Hospital Referral Hospital’s Care and Treatment Clinic, in Tanga, Tanzania. To assess adherence, a one-month self-recall medication adherence scale was used while a structured questionnaire was used to gather data on determinants of adherence. Data were collected using Google Forms and subsequently exported as a Microsoft Excel file. The data were then entered into Stata software version 15 for cleaning for descriptive and logistic regression analyses.

Results
More than a third (35.3%) of adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Tanga were not adherent to the effective and available ART. Adolescents and young adults living in households experiencing moderate food insecurity were 67% less likely to adhere to ART (95%CI 0.16–0.66) compared to those who were food secure. Those with secondary education were 2.3 times more likely to adhere to ART (95%CI 1.02–5.23), compared to those without formal education. While participants who consistently obtain their ART at the clinic were more 4.2 times more likely to adhere to medication (95%CI 1.29–13.72), those experiencing ART side effects were 39% less likely to adhere to ART (95%CI 0.38–0.98).

Conclusion
More than one-third of adolescents and young adults were not adherent to ART in Tanga, Tanzania. Addressing such unprecedented challenges calls for efforts targeting adolescents and young adults with limited education, from households with food insecurity, and ensuring counseling and management of ART side effects.
Characteristics of split-step skills of the world’s top athletes in badminton
Authors: Shishido Hidehiko , Nishijima Takeshi 
Published: January 2025

Objective
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure the split-step skills of the world’s top badminton players to clarify the characteristics underlying these skills when moving into the forehand position in the rear court.

Methods
We analyzed the four best ranking players (1st to 4th) in the men’s singles competition at the World Badminton Federation (BWF) World Championships 2023, a world tournament whose match videos are available online. Analysis 1 was conducted to determine the location of the players’ feet on the court when performing a split-step while moving to the forehand rear court, as well as the width of the stance and the reaction time from that stance to taking the first step. To define the characteristics of top athletes, the split-step skill performance of these athletes was evaluated during play. Analysis 2 was used to determine whether the performance of the split-step when moving to the forehand rear court varied depending on the position of the opposing player.

Results
Analysis 1 showed that the split-step position was gathered close to the base, with an average split-step reaction time of 0.25 s and a split-step stance width comprising 50% of the players’ height. These results were similar among all top players evaluated. Analysis 2 showed that the difference in the number of shuttlecocks that hit the opponent’s backhand rear court (LR) affected their degree of split-step skill.

Conclusion
In this study, we quantitatively measured the split-step skills of the world’s top badminton athletes and clarified the characteristics of their positioning into the forehand rear court during active play. Herein, movement and performance analysis using match videos available online was used to gain novel insights into the performance of these athletes.
Employing foreign caregivers: A qualitative study of the perspectives of older stroke survivors
Authors: Lin Yen-Nung , Mauludina Yosika Septi , Fields Beth E. , Liou Tsan-Hon , Su Yu , Tsai Han-Ting , Chang Feng-Hang 
Published: January 2025

Background
Global populations are aging, and the numbers of stroke survivors is increasing. Consequently, the need for caregiver support has increased. Because of this and demographic and socioeconomic changes, foreign caregivers are increasingly in demand in many developed countries. Therefore, the perspectives of older adult care recipients regarding foreign caregivers warrants attention. This study explored the experiences of older stroke survivors receiving care from foreign caregivers in Taiwan, examining their expectations, needs, and challenges.

Methods
This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with 23 older stroke survivors (mean age, 73.4 years; women, 47.8%). Thematic analysis was applied to transcribed data, with reflective memos aiding in meaning derivation. Methodological rigor was ensured through member checking, triangulation, and auditing.

Results
Three major themes emerged: the motivations for hiring a foreign caregiver, expectations of stroke survivors toward foreign caregivers, and challenges related to employing foreign caregivers. Stroke survivors expected foreign caregivers to be obedient, embrace the local language and culture, and be proficient in caregiving and homemaking. Various challenges, including communication difficulties, cultural differences, skill gaps, and unfavorable attitudes and behaviors among caregivers, were noted.

Conclusions
Foreign caregivers are a major part of the long-term care workforce and play a crucial role in stroke rehabilitation in aging Asian societies. Older stroke survivors often hire foreign caregivers to alleviate caregiving burdens, and they typically expect foreign caregivers to conform to their needs. However, employing foreign caregivers can be frustrating and stressful. Government intervention and open dialogue is necessary to improve care quality and prevent recurring caregiving problems and conflicts.
Synchronized vector solutions for the nonlinear Hartree system with nonlocal interaction
Authors: Gao Fashun , Yang Minbo , Zhao Shunneng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We are concerned with the following nonlinear Hartree system

−
Δ
u
+

P

1

(

|
x
|

)

u
=

α

1

|
x

|

−
1

∗

u

2

u
+
β

|
x

|

−
1

∗

v

2

u

in

R

3

,

−
Δ
v
+

P

2

(

|
x
|

)

v
=

α

2

|
x

|

−
1

∗

v

2

v
+
β

|
x

|

−
1

∗

u

2

v

in

R

3

,

$$\begin{cases}-{\Delta}u+{P}_{1}\left(\vert x\vert \right)u={\alpha }_{1}\left(\vert x{\vert }^{-1}\ast {u}^{2}\right)u+\beta \left(\vert x{\vert }^{-1}\ast {v}^{2}\right)u\quad \hfill & \text{in} {\mathbb{R}}^{3},\hfill \\ -{\Delta}v+{P}_{2}\left(\vert x\vert \right)v={\alpha }_{2}\left(\vert x{\vert }^{-1}\ast {v}^{2}\right)v+\beta \left(\vert x{\vert }^{-1}\ast {u}^{2}\right)v\quad \hfill & \text{in} {\mathbb{R}}^{3},\hfill \end{cases}$$

where P
1(r) and P
2(r) are positive radial potentials, α
1 > 0, α
2 > 0 and

β
∈
R

$\beta \in \mathbb{R}$

is a coupling constant. We first study nondegeneracy of ground states for the limit system of the above problem. As applications, we show that the nonlinear Hartree system has infinitely many non-radial positive synchronized solutions, whose energy can be arbitrarily large.
Anisotropic adams’ type inequality with exact growth in
R
4

${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yang Fan , Cheng Tingzhi , Zhou Chunqin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we mainly extend the classical Adams’ inequality to its anisotropic type. By using the rearrangement argument, we establish best constants for anisotropic Adams’ type inequality with exact growth in

R

4

${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$

. We give the optimal growth rate of the exponential-type function in the whole space

R

4

${\mathbb{R}}^{4}$

. Furthermore, using the same method, we also prove anisotropic Adams’ type inequality on bounded domain

Ω
⊂

R

4

${\Omega}\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{4}$

.
Moderation of teacher-student rapport in the link between smartphone addiction and foreign language burnout and its gender difference
Authors: Ma Lihong , Xiao Leifeng , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As smartphone addiction (SPA) among young learners grows, a consequential increase in learning burnout is observed. However, the association between SPA and learning burnout, especially in the context of foreign language (FL) learning, remains underexplored. In particular, the factors that might mitigate this relationship and the potential variations across genders have not been sufficiently examined. Drawing upon control value theory and social capital theory, this study sheds light on the moderating role of teacher-student rapport (TSR) in the SPA-FL burnout nexus, and also explores the potential gender differences. The research involved a total of 4,372 secondary-level students in China (54.3 % boys), using student-reported data on SPA, TSR, and FL learning burnout. The results revealed a positive correlation between SPA and burnout in FL learning. Furthermore, TSR played a crucial moderating role in this relationship. Interestingly, gender differences were identified in the moderating effect of TSR on the SPA-FL burnout link. That is, TSR only mitigated the effects of SPA on FL burnout among male students, but this did not hold true for female students. These findings have theoretical and pedagogical implications for FL education.
Unlocking economic potential of the Ulva crop for low salinity environments: exploring the effect of salinity gradients on the performance and valuable compounds of Baltic Sea strains
Authors: Steinhagen Sophie , Johansson Ida , Specht Julia , Enge Swantje , Larsson Karin , Undeland Ingrid , Toth Gunilla B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rising global significance of sea lettuce (Ulva spp.) in aquaculture stems from its versatility, rapid growth, and nutritional benefits. Cultivation expansion into lower salinity areas, like the Baltic Sea, is crucial for advancing aquaculture beyond traditional environments. This study investigated the impact of long-term (8 weeks) low salinity treatments on the biochemical content of eight Ulva strains – encompassing some of the most common Ulva crop species (Ulva lacinulata, Ulva linza, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva fenestrata) of the wider Baltic Sea area – from varying source salinities (30, 14, 9, 7). Most strains exhibited significantly higher growth rates and contents of crude protein under low salinity treatments, irrespective of where they came from (i.e. euhaline or mesohaline environments). However, effects on pigments and phenolic contents were strain-specific. Ulva lancinulata showed high resilience to salinity changes. Cultivating Ulva under low salinity conditions enhances its nutritional attributes and identifies the broader Baltic Sea as a viable cultivation environment. Nevertheless, careful selection of strains is crucial due to significant inter- and intraspecific differences. This research underscores the importance of tailored cultivation strategies for optimizing Ulva biomass production, particularly in the context of the expanding Blue Economy industry.
Experimental study on thermal cycling of nano-silver and nano-silver coated tin flip solder joints
Authors: Yang Hui , Chen Mincong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, nano-silver and nano-silver coated tin solder joints with hot pressing bonding conditions of 250 °C, 2 min and 15 MPa were selected to study the shear strength of solder joints and their service reliability under hot cycling conditions. The main conclusions are as follows: The addition of nano-tin plays a dispersion strengthening role, which increases the shear strength of nano-silver solder joint from 40 MPa to 50 MPa. After thermal cycling, the main failure mode of the nano-silver-coated tin solder joints is ductile fracture. The main failure mode of the nano-silver solder joints is brittle fracture, firstly, the delamination appears at the interface, and then the crack passes through the outer side of the solder joints, showing cleavage fracture of the grain. The thermal fatigue life of the nano-silver solder joint is 145 cycles, and the thermal fatigue life of the nano-silver-coated tin solder joint is 175 cycles.