bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
German Translation and Pre-testing of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change&nbsp;(ERIC)
Authors: Regauer Verena , Seckler Eva , Campbell Craig , Phillips Amanda , Rotter Thomas , Bauer Petra , Müller Martin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Implementation frameworks may support local implementation strategies with a sound theoretical foundation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) facilitates identification of contextual barriers and facilitators, and the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) allows selecting adequate implementation strategies. Both instruments are already used in German-speaking countries; however, no standardised and validated translation is available thus far. The aim of this study was to translate the CFIR and ERIC framework into German, in order to increase the use of these frameworks and the adherence to evidence-based implementation efforts in German-speaking countries.Methods: The translation of the original versions of the CFIR and ERIC framework was guided by the World Health Organisation’s recommendations for the process of translating and adapting both conceptual frameworks. Accordingly, a four-step process was employed: First, forward translation from English into German was conducted by a research team of German native speakers with fluent knowledge of the English language. Second, a bilingual expert panel comprising one researcher with German as his mother tongue and expert command of the English language and one English language expert and university teacher reviewed the translation and discussed inconsistencies with the initial translators. Third, back-translation into English was conducted by an English native speaking researcher. The final version was pre-tested with 12 German researchers and clinicians who were involved in implementation projects using cognitive interviews.Results: The translation and review process revealed some inconsistencies between the original version and the German translations. All issues could be solved by discussion. Central aspects of the items were confirmed in 60% to 70% of the items, and modifications were proposed in 30% of the items. Finally, we revised one CFIR-item heading after pre-testing. The final version was given consent by all involved parties.Conclusions: Now, two validated and tested implementation frameworks to guide implementation efforts are available in the German language and can be used to improve adherence to and use of evidence-based implementation strategies into practice.
Application of an Auxiliary Wheel Cleaning System in the Grinding of SPK Tool Steel
Authors: adibi hamed , Hatami Omid , Rezaei Seyed Mehdi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Grinding operation is one of the most complex and accurate machining processes whose performance is highly dependent on the surface conditions of the grinding wheel. As the friction between abrasive grains and the workpiece results in a large amount of heat, the use of coolant can prevent the workpiece surface from burning, microstructure alteration, subsurface damages, and hardness variation. To get better the cleaning of the abrasive grains on the surface of the wheel during the grinding process, this paper is focused on the performance of an auxiliary compressed air jet system during grinding of hard-to-grind materials. Moreover, the wheel loading of the grinding wheel will also be evaluated. Different incident angles of the compressed air nozzle (0˚, 30˚, 45˚, and 60˚) were examined. Furthermore, conventional flood coolant, as well as drying with and without a cleaning system, was applied for comparison purposes. Surface roughness, tangential forces, specific energy, wheel loading analysis, and SEM images were evaluated where the incident angle of 45˚ led to the best results. Wheel loading resulted in the accumulation of chips between abrasive grains to the top of cutting grains. Detection and identification of loading has been operated based on image processing technique.
Improving the Reporting Quality of Instrument Cross-cultural Adaptation: the IRICA&nbsp;Statement
Authors: Hou Zhengkun , LIU Feng-bin , TAN Yuan-kun , CHEN Xin-lin , CHEN Zhuo-qun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
AIMS: To achieve a consensus on the reporting checklists for instrument Cross-Cultural Adaptation (CCA) research.METHODS: Firstly, we clarified the research rationality with literature review and established the preliminary checklist pool based on information extracting. Then, using the focus group and expert interview, we optimized the checklists. Finally, the international Delphi surveys were conducted to evaluate the agreement degree, importance and familiarity of the checklists. In data analysis, 21 indicators were included for quantitative assessments, accompanied with group discussions.RESULTS: A total of 61 articles was included for rational analysis and 70 items were extracted to establish the checklist pool. After focus group and experts interview research, a checklist draft contains 25 items was put forward. In the three-rounds of international Delphi surveys, 14(70.00%), 11(68.75%) and 11(68.75%) questionnaires were completed. Basing on the quantitative analysis and group discussions, 1, 1 and 9 items were deleted, added and modified. Finally, we formed the checklist for Improving the Reporting quality of Instrument cross-cultural adaptation (IRICA) which contains 24 items subhead under 6 sections: Title and structured summary, Rationale and Objective, Authorization, Participants Criteria, Forward Translations, Forward Synthesis, Backward Translations, Backward Synthesis, Experts Qualitative Review, Pilot Testing, Field Testing, Statistical methods, Participants, Series Instruments, Main results, Other analyses, Summary of evidence, Comparison of instruments, Limitations, Copyright owner interaction, Application attentions, Conclusions, Appendix, Funding. CONCLUSIONS: The IRICA statement can be used to guide users to report instrument CCA research in a standard manner, and assist to evaluate the reporting quality and study design.
Upregulation of B3GNT3 Correlates With Poor Prognosis and Decreased Immune Cell Infiltration In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Long-Jiang , Zhai Lu-Lu , Wang Wei , Wu Lun , Yao Li-Chao , Xiang Feng , Li Wei-Bo , Tang Zhi-Gang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
While previous studies have suggested that B3GNT3 is associated with tumorigenesis and progression of several tumors, its expression level and clinical significance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of B3GNT3 in PAAD. B3GNT3 RNA sequencing and clinicopathological data were collected from the TCGA, GEO and GTEx databases. We assessed the expression and prognostic value of B3GNT3 in PAAD using R program and attached packages. Additionally, we investigate the correlation between B3GNT3 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells using CIBERSORT and the “correlation” module of GEPIA. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to elucidate B3GNT3 related signaling pathways in PAAD. Results showed that B3GNT3 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues (P <0.05). Increased B3GNT3 expression was correlated with advanced histologic grade and stage (Ⅰ Vs Ⅱ). Patients with high B3GNT3 expression had a worse OS (HR = 1.713, P = 0.0005). Moreover, a negative correlation between increased B3GNT3 expression and immune infiltrating level of naive B cells, CD8 T cells, and CD4 memory activated T cells was revealed by CIBERSORT analysis. Then, further analysis verified the correlation using the “correlation” module of GEPIA. Finally, GSEA suggested that functional enrichment of B3GNT3 was mainly involved in pathways in cancer, p53 signaling pathway, TGF beta signaling pathway, catabolic and transport processes of proteins, etc. Collectively, these results suggested that overexpression of B3GNT3 might affect the infiltration of immune cells and could act as a potential prognostic biomarker of PAAD.
Investigation of Galactomannan/deacetylated Chitosan Nanocomposite Films and their Anti-bacterial Properties
Authors: Liu Wanying , Ling Zhe , Huang Caoxing , Lai Chenhuan , Yong Qiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A little packaging is a wonderful thing, a lot of packaging is a nightmare, particularly when landfills around the world threaten to engulf our living space. The topic of edible packaging is still of interest to the food industry and other organization funding research to solve packaging dilemmas. In this research, galactomannan (GM) was used as raw material and deacetylated chitosan (DE-ChN) was used as strengthening modifier to prepare GM based packaging films. The chemical structure of the composite film was analyzed with SEM and FTIR. The properties influence for films of different DE-ChN content were studied. The obtained GM/DE-ChN nanocomposite films showed superior hydrophobicity and high tensile strength. The nanocomposite films against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae showed great antibacterial properties. Moreover, the GM and GM/DE-ChN nanocomposite film showed no toxicity to RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The final obtained GM/DE-ChN packaging film provides a foundation for the potentials for futural plastic packaging alternatives.
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Nasopharynx, Blood, Urine and Stool of Patients with COVID 19: A Hospital-based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Joukar Farahnaz , Kalurazi Tofigh Yaghubi , Khoshsorour Mahmoud , Taromian Sonbol , Mahfoozi Lida , Balou Heydar Ali , Jafarinezhad Alireza , Pourkazemi Aydin , Hesni Ezat , Asgharnezhad Mehrnaz , Shenagari Mohammad , Jahanzadi Issa , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Maroufizadeh Saman , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to determine the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharynx, blood, urine and stool of patients with COVID-19.Methods: In this hospital based longitudinal study, 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases were recruited, between March and August 2020 in Guilan province (Northern Iran). Nasopharynx, blood, urine and stool samples were obtained from each patient at the time of hospital admission, discharge, followed by one week after discharge and every 2 weeks until all samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Survival analysis was used to identify the duration of virus persistence over time.Results: Positive blood, urine, stool RT-PCR were detected in 24%, 7% and 6% of patient respectively. The median duration of virus persistence in blood, urine and stool were 7 days (95% CI: 6.07–7.93), 6 days (95% CI: 4.16–8.41) and 13 days, 95% CI: 6.96–19.4), respectively. The maximum duration of virus persistent in blood, urine and stool were 17, 11 and 42 days from admission, respectively. Conclusions: According our results, until obtaining definite evidence of the duration of infective viral shedding, prolonged isolation duration at least 25 days from admission to hospital and strict hygienic measures for about one month were recommended.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Testicular Steroidogenesis Machinery Dysfunction In Benzo [α] Pyrene Challenged Rats
Authors: Daoud Niveen M. , Mohamed S Aly , Ezzo Omaima H. , Ali Naglaa A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Although Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in low doses have potentially positive effects on reproduction by their antioxidant effects, the defensive role of Zinc nanomaterials against environmental pollutants that affect male reproduction has not been adequately studied. We designed our study to assess the impact of ZnO NPs towards reproductive dysfunction induced by Benzo[α]Pyrene (B[a]P). Forty-eight mature male rats were randomly distributed into six equal groups: G1; negative control, G2&3- positive control I &II (either 10 or 30 mg ZnO NPs / kg BW); G4. (150 mg Bap / kg BW), G 5 & 6 (Co- administrated B[a]P with different concentrations of ZnO NPs). Oxidative stress biomarkers, semiquantitative real-time PCR for steroidogenic enzymes (CY11A1, StAR, and 3β- HSD), testosterone levels and histopathology in the liver, kidney, and testicles were examined for this investigation. B[a] P treated group showed significant deterioration in all reproductive parameters and induced oxidative stress. Co-administration ZnO NPs eased oxidative stress and effectively increased the expression of CY11A1, StAR, and 3β- HSD and improved histopathological changes in the examined organs. Our results using the selected doses and with Nano particle properties confirm that ZnO NPs have an obvious ameliorative effect against B[a] P.
Application of the Self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index for Estimation of Drought Impact on Maize Grain Yield in Pannonian Part of Croatia
Authors: Pandžić Krešo , Likso Tanja , Pejić Ivan , Šarčević Hrvoje , Pecina Marija , Šestak Ivana , Tomšić Davor , Mahović Nataša Strelec 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ten-day self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI) has been computed, based on observed 10-day mean air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation totals, as a parameter of drought impact on grain yield of 32 market leading maize hybrids in 2017 and 2018 over 8 experimental locations in Pannonian part of Croatia. In addition, time series of the same climate variables for the closest “official” weather stations of Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) for the period 1981-2018 have been used for scPDSI calibration and calculation. According to 10-day scPDSI, 2018 showed to be a „regular year“ while 2017 had a „moderate drought“ causing a maize grain yield reduction of 13%, compared to 2018. In spite some differences in climate aridity of central and eastern Croatia, a significant correlation between summer months’ 10-day scPDSI and maize grain yield has been determined. The highest average correlation coefficients across all maize hybrids for three summer months were determined for the last decade (10-day period) of July and consecutive three decades in August. The dependence of grain yield on scPDSI value is not the same for all hybrids indicating various tolerances of different hybrids to drought stress. The grain yield reduction was primarily affected by insufficient grain filling (smaller 1000-kernel weight) and to some extent by reduction of number of grains. For practical use, within the set of given 32 tested hybrids, the level of determined drought tolerance of a hybrid has to be considered along with its relative grain yield performance.
Gravity, the origin of the mass in the Cosmos.
Authors: Pavía Francisco , Alvarez Marcelino 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The most accepted theory for the evolution of the Cosmos is the Big Bang theory, which suggests that, at the beginning, the entire mass-energy of the Cosmos was concentrated within an extremely small, dense and hot singularity. Here, we present a new physical formula that, although obtained in an extremely simple way, has significant implications in Cosmology. This equation indicates that the mass of the Cosmos has grown proportionally with time. This growth equates to a Planck mass for each unit of Planck Time, which is, the mass of 200000 suns per second. Finally the total energy of the Cosmos is demonstrated to be zero.
A Quantitative Study on Muslim Milk Mother's Understanding Towards the Islamic Concept of Wet Nursing
Authors: Hamjah Salasiah Hanin , Rahim Norsyamlina Che Abdul , Hashim Nurhidayah Muhammad , Bahari Nora’inan , Kusrin Zuliza Mohd. , Majid Latifah Abdul , Saidon Rafeah , llias Muhamad Zariff 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The practice of wet nursing or breastfeeding of another woman’s child in Malaysia is on the rise due to the emergence of public awareness about the importance and benefits of breast milk. However, it is concerning that lack of understanding of the Islamic law on wet nursing among the milk mothers, especially those relating to mahram (unmarriageability), nasab (lineage) and inheritance is a problem in the society. Hence, this study aims to determine milk mothers’ knowledge about the legal implications of wet nursing and understand the factors influencing the practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was carried out from January to July 2019. This study was conducted on 100 women who had breastfed another child in Selangor. Data were obtained using a validated questionnaire (Cronbach alpha=0.8) and processed using the SPSS software.Results: Results showed that the majority of respondents understand the law on wet nursing especially on marriage, conditions and method of feeding. Nevertheless, the respondents still need to understand further the laws relating to nasab (lineage), guardianship and inheritance involving the milk child. This study also showed various factors that have influenced the wet-nursing practice in society. Conclusions: This study has several significant implications includes creating awareness to enhance knowledge relating to wet-nursing practice. Researches related to wet nursing and matters connected to it should continue so as to bring about much good to society.
Drainage Ditches Contribute Considerably to the CH4 Budget of a Drained and a Rewetted Temperate Fen
Authors: Köhn Daniel , Welpelo Carla , Günther Anke , Jurasinski Gerald 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Small water bodies including (former) drainage ditches can be hotspots for methane (CH4) emissions from peatlands. We assessed the CH4 emissions of a drained and a rewetted temperate fen including emissions of active and former drainage ditches over the course of 2.5 years, covering three vegetation periods. Ditch CH4 emissions in the rewetted fen were significantly higher than in the drained fen. In the rewetted fen ditches contributed up to 91 % of the annual CH4 budget, despite covering only 1.5 % of the area. In the drained fen CH4 emissions were solely made up of ditch emissions. When including CH4 uptake by the peat soil, the CH4 balance of the drained fen was neutral. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations likely had an enhancing effect on CH4 emissions while nitrate and sulphate in the ditch water seem to have had an inhibitory effect. Air and water temperature controlled seasonal variability of ebullitive as well as diffusive CH4 emissions. Ebullition contributed less than 10 % to the overall CH4 budget in the ditches. Drainage ditches represent a hotspot of CH4 emissions and need therefore be taken into account when assessing the success of rewetting projects of peatlands.
Too Much of a Good Thing – Using Water to Control the Aquatic Invasive Yellow Flag Iris (Iris Pseudacorus&nbsp;L.)
Authors: Tarasoff Catherine , Gillies Sharon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Invasions of Iris pseudacorus L. (yellow flag iris) into wetland environments can result in changes to the functioning of the ecosystem. Field-based and greenhouse studies were initiated to study the effect of water depth on regrowth rates of cut stems of yellow flag iris. The field-based experiment occurred at 41 independent populations around the perimeter of a single wetland. The greenhouse experiment was conducted to further study the effect of water depth and duration of submersion on rhizome mortality. In both studies, treatments were compared against controls. In the field-study, yellow flag iris regrowth was significantly affected by water, though there was no relationship between water depth and percent regrowth. In the greenhouse study, there was a significant positive relationship between duration of submersion and percent mortality of rhizomes. And, there was no relationship between water depth and percent mortality; indicating that as little as 5 cm of water is sufficient to kill yellow flag iris rhizomes, if the stems are cut to the base of the plant. Our results indicate a simple technique can control yellow flag iris within aquatic ecosystems without the need for chemicals or laborious hand removal.Nomenclature: yellow flag iris, Iris pseudacorus (L.) IRPS
Skyrmion crystal formation and magnetic field
Authors: Hu X. C. , Wu H. T. , Wang X. R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The roles of magnetic field and temperature in thermodynamic formation of skyrmion crystals (SkXs) have not been well-revealed to date. Here we present a unified theory about SkX formation and its fascinating thermodynamic behaviours. A chiral film can have many metastable states with an arbitrary number of skyrmions up to a maximal value. A perpendicular magnetic field makes a film with Qm skyrmions the lowest energy state. Qm first increases with the magnetic field up to an optimal value and then decreases with the field. The film with the largest Qm at the optimal field is an SkX. Outside of a field window, states consisting of various stripes with low skyrmion number densities are thermal equilibrium phases while an SkX is metastable. Within the field window, SkXs are the thermal equilibrium states below the Curie temperature. However, the time to reach an SkX state from a stripy phase would be too long at a low temperature. This causes a widely spread false belief that SkXs are metastable and stripy states are thermal equilibrium phase at low temperature and at the optimal field. Our theory opens a new avenue for SkX manipulation and skyrmion-based applications.
MWCNT/rGO/natural rubber latex dispersions for innovative, piezo-resistive and cement-based composite sensors
Authors: Verdolotti Letizia , Santillo Chiara , Rollo Gennaro , Romanelli Giovanni , Lavorgna Marino , Liguori Barbara , Lama Giuseppe , Preziosi Enrico , Senesi Roberto , Andreani Carla , Prisco Marco Di 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study is focused on the development and characterization of innovative cementitious-based composite sensors. In particular, multifunctional cement mortar composites with enhanced functional, piezo-resistive, properties are designed with Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-MWCNTs and reduced Graphene Oxide-rGO dispersed in a natural-rubber latex aqueous dispersion, by exploiting both the concept of confining of the conductive filler in the polymeric phase. The manufactured cement-based composites were characterized by means of Inelastic Neutron Scattering to assess the hydration reactions and the interactions of natural rubber with the hydrated cement phases and by Electron Scanning Microscopy and X-Ray diffraction to evaluate the morphological and mineralogical structure, respectively. Piezo-resistive properties to assess electro-mechanical behavior in strain condition are also measured. The results show that the presence of natural-rubber latex permits to obtain a three-dimensional rGO/MWCNTs segregate structure which catalyzes the formation of hydrated phases of the cement and increases the piezo-resistive sensitivity of mortar composites, representing a reliable approach in developing innovative mortar-based piezoresistive strain sensors.