bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanillic acid combats Vibrio alginolyticus by cell membrane damage and biofilm reduction
Authors: Liu Huan , Xiao Miao , Zuo Jing , He Xiaoxian , Lu Ping , Li Yingyu , Zhao Yanni , Xia Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAntibiotics are the most powerful weapon against bacterial infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, the indiscriminate usage of antibiotics often culminates in the emerging development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, making it imperative to search for novel types of antimicrobial agents. This study investigated the antibacterial and antivirulence effects of vanillic acid (VA) against the fish pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus. We showed that VA had a good anti‐Vibrio activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.0 mg/ml. In addition, VA wielded its antibacterial action in a dose‐/time‐dependent manner by causing cell membrane damage and increasing membrane permeability, which is evidenced by increasing the conductivity and malondialdehyde content in the treated cell cultures and the scanning electron microscopy images. Furthermore, VA significantly reduced the biofilm‐forming capability, mobility and exotoxin production (protease and exopolysaccharide) and downregulation of the expression of biofilm‐ and virulence‐associated genes (sypG, fliS, fliK, lafA, lafK, asp and luxR) was seen in the V. alginolyticus that exposed to VA at subinhibitory concentrations. Overall, our findings suggested that VA may be of interest for treating V. alginolyticus‐associated infections in aquaculture.
Critical transmission sectors in embodied atmospheric mercury emission network in China
Authors: He Kehan , Mi Zhifu , Chen Long , Coffman D'Maris , Liang Sai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAtmospheric mercury is a crucial pollutant that must be well‐controlled to avoid damaging public health. It is thus necessary to understand from multiple perspectives the roles played by different industrial sectors, as well as their geographical distribution. Existing studies have overlooked the transmission sectors in the economic supply chains of the embodied atmospheric mercury emission network. In this paper, we offer a betweenness‐based account (BBA) for Chinese regions and industrial sectors in transmitting embodied atmospheric mercury emissions and in doing so have identified the transmitting hubs. Our results show that the Henan province acts as the transmission hub of the embodied atmospheric mercury emission network in China. The metallurgy, chemical, and construction industries generally play important roles in the transmission of embodied atmospheric mercury emissions across China. Henan's metallurgy sector, the third highest of all, is more closely linked with inter‐provincial sectors than the top two transmission sectors (the metallurgy industry of Jiangsu and the chemical industry of Shandong). This study can help policy makers improve mercury control measures by focusing on transmission processes for effective and comprehensive atmospheric mercury emission control.
Sex and brain region‐specific regulation of serotonin transporter activity in synaptosomes in guanine nucleotide‐binding protein G(q) alpha knockout mice
Authors: Haase Jana , Jones Aimée K. C. , Mc Veigh Conor J. , Brown Eric , Clarke Gerard , Ahnert‐Hilger Gudrun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe regulation of the serotonin transporter (SERT) by guanine nucleotide‐binding protein alpha (Gα) q was investigated using Gαq knockout mice. In the absence of Gαq, SERT‐mediated uptake of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5HT) was enhanced in midbrain and frontal cortex synaptosomes, but only in female mice. The mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism were investigated using quantitative western blot analysis revealing brain region‐specific differences. In the frontal cortex, SERT protein expression was decreased in male knockout mice, seemingly explaining the sex‐dependent variation in SERT activity. The differential expression of Gαi1 in female mice contributes to the sex differences in the midbrain. In fact, Gαi1 levels inversely correlate with 5HT uptake rates across both sexes and genotypes. Likely due to differential SERT regulation as well as sex differences in the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2, Gαq knockout mice also displayed sex‐ and genotype‐dependent alterations in total 5HT tissue levels as determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Gαq inhibitors, YM‐254890 and BIM‐46187, differentially affected SERT activity in both, synaptosomes and cultured cells. YM‐254890 treatment mimicked the effect of Gαq knockout in the frontal cortex. BIM‐46187, which promotes the nucleotide‐free form of Gα proteins, substantially inhibited 5HT uptake, prompting us to hypothesise that Gαq interacts with SERT similarly as with G‐protein‐coupled receptors and inhibits SERT activity by modulating transport‐associated conformational changes. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of SERT regulation and impact our understanding of sex differences in diseases associated with dysregulation of serotonin transmission, such as depression and anxiety.
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Spiritual Distress in Patients With Cancer Initiating Chemotherapy: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Martins Helga , Caldeira Sílvia , Vieira Margarida , Campos de Carvalho Emília , Flanagan Jane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess spiritual distress in patients with cancer who were initiating chemotherapy.MethodsThis was a quantitative, observational, cross‐sectional study. Data collection was conducted between February and June of 2019. The Spiritual Distress Scale (SDS) was administered to 332 patients with cancer.FindingsMost participants (56.6%) were female, with the mean age at 60.3 years (SD = ±11.73). The mean SDS score was 56.6 (SD = ±13.39), with 30% of the participants reporting moderate and 9.6% reporting high levels of spiritual distress. Younger age (β = ‐0.687, p = .008) and participants having no religious affiliation were predictors of SDS (β = ‐8.322, p = .035) in patients with cancer initiating chemotherapy.ConclusionsGiven the degree of spiritual distress reported, this study provides further evidence to support the need for nurses to assess spirituality in order to provide holistic care inclusive of spiritual domain.Clinical RelevanceThese results are relevant to clinical practice and indicate a need for nurses to use the clinical reasoning process to assess spiritual distress and to plan nursing interventions aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of patients with cancer who are initiating chemotherapy.
Osteohistology of Greererpeton provides insight into the life history of an early Carboniferous tetrapod
Authors: Whitney Megan R. , Pierce Stephanie E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe vertebrate transition to land is one of the most consequential, yet poorly understood periods in tetrapod evolution. Despite the importance of the water–land transition in establishing modern ecosystems, we still know very little about the life histories of the earliest tetrapods. Bone histology provides an exceptional opportunity to study the biology of early tetrapods and has the potential to reveal new insights into their life histories. Here, we examine the femoral bone histology from an ontogenetic series of Greererpeton, an early tetrapod from the Middle‐Late Mississippian (early Carboniferous) of North America. Thin‐sections and micro‐CT data show a moderately paced rate of bone deposition with significant cortical thickening through development. An interruption to regular bone deposition, as indicated by a zone of avascular tissue and growth marks, is notable at the same late juvenile stage of development throughout our sample. This suggests that an inherent aspect to the life history of juvenile Greererpeton resulted in a temporary reduction in bone deposition. We review several possible life history correlates for this bony signature including metamorphosis, an extended juvenile phase, environmental stress, and movement (migration/dispersal) between habitats. We argue that given the anatomy of Greererpeton, it is unlikely that events related to polymorphism (metamorphosis, extended juvenile phase) can explain the bony signature observed in our sample. Furthermore, the ubiquity of this signal in our sample indicates a taxon‐level rather than a population‐level trait, which is expected for an environmental stress. We conclude that movement via dispersal represents a likely correlate, as such events are a common life history strategy of aquatically bound vertebrates.
Multidimensional factors affecting medication adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Aldan Goncagul , Helvaci Aylin , Ozdemir Leyla , Satar Seher , Ergun Pinar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of socioeconomic‐, patient‐, treatment‐, condition‐ and health system‐related factors on medication adherence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).BackgroundMedication adherence is essential for the management of chronic diseases. The World Health Organization created a Multidimensional Adherence Model (MAM) and showed that medication adherence is affected by a combination of numerous factors.DesignA descriptive correlational study was conducted.MethodsA total of 114 patients with COPD were included. Data were collected on five dimensions based on the MAM framework. Medication adherence, self‐efficacy and symptoms were evaluated using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale‐7 (ARMS‐7), COPD Self‐Efficacy Scale (CSES) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT), respectively. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlational statistics and structural equation modelling. The STROBE checklist was used.ResultsThe ARMS‐7 scores were associated with the body mass index of patients (F = 4.245, p = .017), smoke pack‐years (r = .277, p = .004) and the CSES total score (β = –0.249, p = .002) in patient‐related factors. The ARMS‐7 score was not associated with socio‐economic and health system‐related factors. The ARMS‐7 score showed a significant correlation between COPD diagnosis duration (r = −.276, p = .003) and the total number of drugs (r = −.215, p = .022) in treatment‐related factors. The ARMS‐7 scores were associated with the number of comorbid illnesses of patients with COPD in condition‐related factors (F = 3.533, p = .033).ConclusionThis study showed that medication adherence in COPD was mostly affected by patient‐, treatment‐ and condition‐related factors.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals should establish training and counselling programs to increase the medication adherence level of patients, particularly for patients who are newly diagnosed, require multiple drugs and have comorbid diseases or low self‐efficacy.
Artificial intelligence, firms and consumer behavior: A survey
Authors: Abrardi Laura , Cambini Carlo , Rondi Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) are likely to have profound economic implications and bring about new trade‐offs, thereby posing new challenges from a policymaking point of view. What is the impact of these technologies on the labor market and firms? Will algorithms reduce consumers' biases or will they rather originate new ones? How competition will be affected by AI‐powered agents? This study is a first attempt to survey the growing literature on the multi‐faceted economic effects of the recent technological advances in AI that involve machine learning applications. We first review research on the implications of AI on firms, focusing on its impact on labor market, productivity, skill composition and innovation. Then we examine how AI contributes to shaping consumer behavior and market competition. We conclude by discussing how public policies can deal with the radical changes that AI is already producing and is going to generate in the future for firms and consumers.
Treatment of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder using melatonin as a chronobiotic
Authors: Kunz Dieter , Stotz Sophia , Bes Frederik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelatonin is recommended as a first‐line treatment in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), although no large patient group has been reported. To assess effects, time course and confounding factors in the treatment of patients with iRBD using melatonin, 209 consecutive patients were included in this single‐center, observational cohort study. A total of 171 patients had taken melatonin according to our chronobiotic protocol (2 mg, ≥6 months, always‐at‐the‐same‐clock time, 10‐11pm, corrected for chronotype), 13 had applied melatonin for about 1‐3 months, and 25 underwent mixed treatments. In total, 1529 clinical evaluations were performed, including Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a newly developed RBD symptom severity scale (Ikelos‐RS), analyzed using linear mixed models. Validation of Ikelos‐RS showed excellent inter‐rater reliability (ρ = 0.9, P < .001), test‐retest reliability (ρ = 0.9, P < .001) and convergent validity (ρ = 0.9, P < .001). With melatonin, RBD symptom severity gradually improved over the first 4 weeks of treatment (Ikelos‐RS: 6.1 vs. 2.5; CGI Severity: 5.7 vs. 3.2) and remained stably improved (mean follow‐up 4.2 ± 3.1years; range: 0.6‐21.7years). Initial response was slowed to up to 3 months with melatonin‐suppressing (betablockers) or REM sleep spoiling co‐medication (antidepressants) and failed with inadequately timed melatonin intake. When melatonin was discontinued after 6 months, symptoms remained stably improved (mean follow‐up after discontinuation of 4.9 ± 2.5years; range: 0.6‐9.2). When administered only 1‐3 months, RBD symptoms gradually returned. Without any melatonin, RBD symptoms persisted and did not wear off over time. Clock‐timed, low‐dose, long‐term melatonin treatment in patients with iRBD appears to be associated with the improvement of symptoms. The outlasting improvement over years questions a pure symptomatic effect. Clock‐time dependency challenges existing prescription guidelines for melatonin.
The scope of nursing practice in a psychiatric unit: A time and motion study
Authors: Abt Maryline , Lequin Pierre , Bobo Marie‐Louise , Vispo Cid Perrottet Tania , Pasquier Jérôme , Ortoleva Bucher Claudia 
Published: July 2021

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?The evaluation of nurse care practices poses many challenges, including the identification of all the aspects of the care given. Few studies have looked at the scope of nursing practice in psychiatry. However, the evaluation of care practices in the mental health field poses many challenges, including the identification of all aspects of care.What the document adds to existing knowledge?Findings demonstrated that mental health nurses do not invest in all domains of their scope of practice in the same way and the time spent with patients is low. Several factors contributed to this, including the increasing complexity of care, stagnant staffing levels, and a culture of care that continues to be influenced by the medical model. Current models of care still retain the stigma of this past, prioritizing medically delegated tasks rather than promoting a holistic approach to care. Although the professional identity of nurses is evolving and asserting itself, the paradigm shift in practice is still incomplete.What are the implications for practice?It is essential to describe concretely what is actually expected of nurses, to help them allocate their time effectively and to identify opportunities for improvement. The field of practice of nurses is put under stress by a demanding work environment subject to many pressures and constraints. Changing practices so that nurses can use the full scope of nursing practice requires strong nursing leadership and action on education and the organization of care, particularly on clinical assessment.AbstractIntroductionThe evaluation of nursing care practices poses many challenges, including identifying all the aspects of the care given. However, few studies have examined the scope of nursing practice in psychiatry.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the intensity of nursing activities on a psychiatric unit based on the adaptation of Déry and D'Amour's (2017, Perspect Infirm Rev Off Ordre Infirm Qué, 14, 51) Scope of Nursing Practice Model.MethodThis 56‐day descriptive observational study used the time and motion method to follow eight nurses.Results500 h of observations were carried out. The greatest lengths of time were allocated to communication and coordination of care activities and to “non‐healthcare” domains. Less time was devoted to activities related to clinical evaluation and therapeutic education.DiscussionFindings demonstrated that MHNs do not perform all the possible functions in the domains of their scope of practice in the same way, and time spent with patients was short. Several factors contributed to this, including the fact that nurses are working in increasingly demanding care settings that keep them under constant pressure.
Coordinating women's preventive health care for rural veterans
Authors: Kinney Rebecca L. , Haskell Sally , Relyea Mark R. , DeRycke Eric C. , Walker Lorrie , Bastian Lori A. , Mattocks Kristin M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeAs the number of women veterans receiving care from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) continues to increase, so does the need to access gender‐specific preventive health care services through the VHA. In rural areas, women veterans are the numeric minority, so many preventive screenings are performed outside of the VA by community providers. As the numbers of veterans utilizing both VHA and non‐VHA providers for their preventive care continue to increase, so does the need to coordinate this care. This research examines the role of the Women Veterans’ Care Coordinator (WVCC) at rural facilities and their perceptions of coordinating preventive care.MethodsBetween March and July 2019, semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with WVCCs at 26 rural VA facilities. Each interview was digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were loaded into Atlas.ti for further analysis. Once the codes were refined, the investigators coded the 26 interviews independently and conferred to achieve consensus on the underlying themes.FindingsFive themes arose from the WVCC interviews: (1) Rural women veterans have varying needs of coordination; (2) Fragmented communication between the VA and non‐VA care settings hinders effective coordination; (3) Difficulties in prioritizing rural care coordination; (4) Care coordination impacts patient care; and (5) WVCC recommendations to improve rural care coordination.ConclusionsThe recent addition of WVCCs to rural facilities has expanded the VA's reach to veterans living in the most rural areas. As a result, many of these women are now receiving timely, quality, and coordinated health care.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B antibodies among international and domestic university students
Authors: Heywood Anita , Dyda Amalie , Hu William , Saha Amit , Mahimbo Abela , Gidding Heather , Kefalas Bill , Seale Holly , Macintyre C. Raina , Zwar Nicholas , Rawlinson William 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChronic hepatitis B prevalence is low in most Australian populations, with universal infant HBV vaccination introduced in 2000. Migrants from high prevalence countries are at risk of acquisition before arrival and non‐immune adults are potentially at risk through skin penetrating procedures and sexual contact, particularly during international travel. The risk profile of young adult students, many from high prevalence countries, is inadequately understood. A cross‐sectional online survey conducted among university students collected data on demographic, vaccination and travel characteristics and blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb). Analyses identified factors associated with HBsAb seroprevalence and self‐reported vaccination. The serosurvey was completed by 804 students born between 1988 and 1993, with 613/804 (76.2%, 95% CI 73.2–79.1) self‐reporting prior HBV vaccination. Overall, 526/804 (65.4%, 95% CI 62.0%–68.6%) students were seropositive to HBsAb, including 438/613 (71.5%, 95% CI 67.8–74.9) students self‐reporting a prior HBV vaccine and 88/191 (46.1%, 95% CI 39.2–53.2) students self‐reporting no prior HBV vaccine. Overall, 8/804 (1.0%, 95% CI 0.5%–2.0%) students were HBcAb positive, of whom 1/804 (0.1%, 95% CI 0.02%–0.7%) was currently infectious. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was low. However, more than one in four students were susceptible to HBV and over‐estimated their immunity. Future vaccination efforts should focus on domestic students born before the introduction of the infant program and all international students. Screening and vaccination of students, including through campus‐based health services, are an opportunity to catch‐up young adults prior to undertaking at‐risk activities, including international travel.
Influencing factors and necessity of post‐vaccination serologic testing follow‐up for HBsAg‐positive mothers and their infants: A 5‐year prospective study in Zhejiang Province, China (2016–2020)
Authors: Zhou Yang , Lu Zhaojun , He Hanqing , Yan Rui , Deng Xuan , Tang Xuewen , Zhu Yao , Xu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2016, China officially proposed for the first time that infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers should be tested for HBsAg and anti‐HBs 1–2 months after their third dose of HepB, also known as the post‐vaccination serological testing programme. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the implementation and influencing factors of PVST to further reduce HBV infection risk in infants and improve the protective effect of HepB to the greatest extent. A prospective observational study was conducted to investigate the interruption of MTCT of hepatitis B. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to explore factors associated with the PVST follow‐up rate among HBsAg‐positive mothers and their infants. Additionally, bivariate analysis was performed on HBsAg and anti‐HBs results in infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers. Here, the participation rate of PVST was 67.08% among 2120 pairs of positive mothers and infants. The HBsAg‐positive rate among participants was 0.77%, whereas the anti‐HBs positive rate was 96.84%, and both negative rates were 2.39%. Among infants with double negative results (34), only 15 completed three doses of HepB and PVST again, and 14 (93.33%) of which the antibody test results turned positive. Older mothers with high educational levels who reside in the local area were the most likely to PVST follow‐up. The PVST programme is necessary to evaluate the HepB response status of newborns after vaccination. Moreover, revaccination for susceptible infants can effectively improve the MTCT‐blocking rate of hepatitis B. Therefore, the scope of PVST projects in Zhejiang and China should be expanded.