bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Drug Resistant Genes among A. baumannii by In silico PCR Method
Authors: Roshan A. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree 
Published: November 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium classified as an opportunistic pathogen in humans by the World Health Organization. Different genetic determinants contribute to multidrug resistance, and transform it as a nosocomial pathogen.
Aim: Using in-silico PCR, this analysis aims to characterize the 13 distinct drug resistant genes found in 19 virulent A.baumannii strains.
Materials & Methods: There were 11 A.baumannii multidrug resistance genes chosen. In-silico PCR amplification was performed using forward and reverse primers from the 11 genes described in previous research. The amplicon bands were detected in 19 strains of A.baumannii that were set as default on the server.
Results: Among the 13 multidrug resistance genes studied, tet A, tet B, Sul 1, Sul 2, DfrA1, ISAba-1 and ISAba-125 were detected among the 19 virulent strains of ​A.baumannii​.
Conclusion: The findings of the study documents the frequency of tet A, tet B, Sul 1, Sul 2, DfrA1, ISAba-1 and ISAba-125 like from the selected strains of A. baumannii. However, more experimental validation is needed in order to conduct routine surveillance on drug-resistant A. baumannii strains in hospital settings.
Effects of Preservatives Added in Cookies on Intestinal Bacteria
Authors: Sutharshan G. S. , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: An essential thing for human survival is food which provides nutritional support for the body or for pleasure. All the food used today has some preservatives, except our own garden plants. Preservatives prevent food spoilage from microorganisms but it will inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial preservatives are the preservatives which inhibit the growth of fungi and bacteria. Methods of preserving foods have been used for centuries and include natural techniques such as smoking fish and meat as well as adding salts.
Aim: The main aim of the study is to find the effects of preservatives added in cookies on intestinal bacteria.
Materials and Method: Take a sample of 10 biscuits. Crush and mix 10 gms in 10 ml of sterile saline. soak for 30 mins and centrifuge and take the supernatant. Transfer 1 ml to each tube and add the selected organisms (lactobacilli). Add 10 microlitre of the selected organism (lactobacilli) to the supernatant. Hold for 30 mins and transfer 10 microlitre to BHI and count the CFU after incubation for 12 hours.
Results and Discussion: After 12 hrs of incubation, colonies are formed. Using colony counter app colonies are counted. Biscuits 4 showed the highest growth of colonies of 797. The control of the bacteria shows confluence growth where the unlimited colonies are formed. This indicates the presence of antimicrobial activity on preservatives added in biscuits. This antimicrobial activity affects the health of the oral cavity and intestine.
Conclusion: From the above study, it is evident that the antimicrobial activity of preservatives that are added in biscuits could affect the health of oral cavity and intestine.
Survey on the Incidence of Covid19 Among Dentists Working in Dental Hospital Attached with Dental College
Authors: Arsath N. Mohamed , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Covid 19 is primarily a pneumonia associated viral infection that originated from Wuhan city in December 2019.The spread of novel coronavirus occurs through direct close contact with COVID-19 patients within one metre of the infected person and the rate of spread is enhanced especially if they do not cover their face when coughing or sneezing. The novel virus also spreads by the droplets surviving on surfaces and clothes for many days. The current study focuses on analysing the vulnerability of the dental population to covid19, and the study also deals with analysis of the knowledge among the dentists regarding the diagnosis, prevention and treatment protocols of Covid19.
Materials And Method: A manual survey was conducted with the self structured questionnaire prepared using google docs. An total of 1000 responses were received. The responses recorded were analysed and statistical analysis was performed
Results: The current survey results depict that around 97.14% of the participants were [1] [2] affected with covid19 and among them around 74.23% of the population did not get admitted in hospital and self quarantined themselves and took nutrition rich diet to recover from covid19 infection.
Conclusion: The study results within the limitation depicted that there is adequate awareness,knowledge on all aspects with regards to the pandemic outbreak novel corona virus. Study also shows the vulnerability of dentists in any community outbreak of any size.it also shows the disease management strategy handled by the local community.
Estimation of Bacterial Contamination on Toothbrush used by Different Students for a Different Time Period
Authors: Srinivas B. Kiran , Geetha R. V. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Contamination of a surface occurs by microorganisms when it inhabits any surface or an object when the count of the bacteria increases. The degree of contamination can be estimated by counting the number of colonies, when a sample collected from that site is cultured. Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the normal commensal of our oral cavity. When it’s count is increased in the oral cavity, it causes dental caries and other tooth related problems. The main aim of this study is to estimate the bacterial contamination in the tooth brush head used by students for varying time periods.
Materials and Methods: Used toothbrushes for varying time periods are collected from students. Then their bristles are plucked with the sterilized forceps for the prevention of bacterial contamination and agitated in the saline and inoculated in the brain heart infusion broth agar with the help of sterilized bacterial loops and incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. Then the colonies are counted and record as CFU/ml.
Results: The bacterial count is directly proportional to period of usage, but it is affected by certain factors like duration of brushing and using brushes. On an average the count was estimated to be 47 CFU/ml for two months, 57 CFU/ml for six months, 68 CFU/ml for eight months and 81 CFU/ml for a year. The p1 value (for sample 1 and 2) was 0.046 (p<0.05), so it is statistically significant.
Conclusion: The study shows that in prolonged usage of tooth brushes the bacterial contamination also increases. So the tooth brushes should be protected in tooth brush holders, to avoid contamination and the toothbrushes should be changed once in a month for betterment of oral health.
Pharmacognostic and Pharmacological Study of Helicteres isora. Linn. - A Review
Authors: Mankar Swapnali S. , Younas Muh. , Pimpale Awadhut , Awari Devyani 
Published: November 2021

Aim: In this article we compiled the whole plant of Helicteres.isora Linn showed excellent medicinal merits from ancient time belonging to the family Sterculiacea, which commonly known as murud sheng.
Study Design: The Pharmacognostic study i.e. microscopic and macroscopic study with preliminary phytochemical test on different parts of plant performed in a Datta Meghe college of pharmacy,Datta meghe Institute of Medical sciences, Wardha, in collaboration with Balkh university,Mazar-e-Sharif during the period of January 2021 to Septmber 2021.
Methodology: In the preliminary study focus on all pharmacognostic, by microscopic identification,by TLC, HPTLC by fingerprint application and phytochemical test of root extract, stem, leaf and fruit powder from different researchers study, which showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, tannins, essential oil etc which shows number of medicinal merits
Results: During the study all investigators investigate, different region shows minute change in organoleptic charecteristics as well as phytochemical constituents and pharmacological study exhibits activities like Fruit showed Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic activity, Bark extract showed Antihelmintic activity , Root extract as Anticancer.
Conclusion: According to study we conclude that Helicteres Isora Linn whole plant parts as well chemical constituents in every part is effective and used medicinally so further investigations are necessary to find out the active bio active molecules responsible to cure different disorders
The Janus Nature of Nanohydroxyapatite in Tumor Progression
Authors: He Jia‐ying , Shen Min‐juan , Wan Qian‐qian , Zhang Yu‐song , Xiao Yu‐hong , Wei Jian‐hua , Liu Yuan , Yan Jian‐fei , Wan Mei‐chen , Xu Ke‐hui , Jiao Kai , Tay Franklin , Niu Li‐na 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) has broad applications because of its nanoscopical dimension, large specific surface area, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. Researchers recently discovered that nHAP synthesized in vitro inhibits the growth of different types of tumor cells. Nanohydroxyapatite with potent drug adsorption and loading capacity has potential applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Because local tumors and areas of tumor metastasis also produce pathological nHAP in vivo to promote progression and invasion, the role of nHAP in tumorigenesis and development is perceived literature by many as Janus, the double‐faced deity in ancient Roman mythology. In the present review, two types of nHAP (those synthesized in vitro and those produced in vivo) that are affiliated with tumors, their mechanisms in tumor progression as well as their applications in tumor treatment are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research in this exciting, yet controversial arena.
A Hierarchical‐Structured Mineralized Nanofiber Scaffold with Osteoimmunomodulatory and Osteoinductive Functions for Enhanced Alveolar Bone Regeneration
Authors: He Yang , Tian Mi , Li Xilin , Hou Jianwen , Chen Song , Yang Guang , Liu Xian , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlveolar bone resorption is a major cause of teeth loss and jeopardizes the osseointegration of dental implants, greatly affecting patient's quality of life and health. It is still a great challenge to completely regenerate the alveolar bone defect through traditional guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes due to their limited bioactivity and regeneration potential. Herein, a new hierarchical‐structured mineralized nanofiber (HMF) scaffold, which is combined with both anisotropic and isotropic nanofibrous surface topography and the mineralized particles, is fabricated via a simple template‐assisted electrospinning technology and in situ mineralization method. This HMF scaffold can not only directly induce osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (osteoinduction), but also stimulate macrophage toward pro‐healing (M2) phenotype‐polarization with an elevated secretion of the pro‐healing cytokines, eventually enhancing the osteogenesis (osteoimmunomodulation). The results of in vivo rat alveolar bone defect repair experiments demonstrate that as compared with the combination of commercial Bio‐Gide and Bio‐Oss, the single HMF scaffold shows comparable or even superior bone repair effect, with better tissue‐integration and more suitable degradation time and accompanied by a simplified operation.
A Novel Touch Interface with Ultrahigh Optical Transmittance Based on Electrical Impedance Tomography for Interactive Displays
Authors: Gao Shuo , Lv Ruihan , Sun Shijie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn traditional touch interfaces, electrodes will block the light intensity of the display, so extra power is required to maintain the display performance. In this article, an eight‐electrode electrical impedance tomography system for touch location detection is proposed to improve the transmittance. The electrodes are settled at the edge of the touch panel and a machine learning algorithm is used to perform the regression process. This system can achieve almost 1 mm mean absolute error in X‐ and Y‐directions on a 30 × 30 mm2 2D surface and guarantee nearly 94% light transmittance. The results from experiments show the feasibility of the new structure for high optical transmittance interactive display in the future.
Spontaneous Construction of Multidimensional Heterostructure Enables Enhanced Hole Extraction for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells to Exceed 20% Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Shiang , Zhang Lu , Tian Qingwen , Gu Xiaojing , Du Yachao , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCsPbI3−xBrx‐based organic‐free perovskite has emerged as a superstar photovoltaic material not only because of its superior photoelectronic properties but also its outstanding thermal and chemical stability. Unfortunately, the significant energy loss resulting from its nonradiative recombination has become a major obstacle to further improvement of device performance. Here, a 2D/3D multidimensional structure formed spontaneously at room temperature is developed. The results reveal that the formed Ruddlesden–Popper 2D (n = 1) perovskite atop CsPbI3−xBrx plays an active role in mediating carrier transport, maintaining a long‐life charge separation state on the nanosecond time scale and promoting the efficiency of carrier injection into the hole transport layer, and thus enhances the hole extraction efficiency, which greatly reduces severe interfacial nonradiative charge recombination. In addition, the undercoordinated Pb2+ is effectively passivated, resulting in significantly reduced surface trap density and prolonged charge lifetime within the perovskite films. Consequently, the combination of the above increases the solar cell efficiency from 19.05% to 20.31%, with an open‐circuit voltage raised to 1.23 from 1.17 V, which corresponds to an energy loss reduction from 0.54 to 0.49 eV. Also, the optimized solar cells exhibit better long‐term and thermal stability.
Which ICD‐9 codes were assigned for malignant mesothelioma in the mortality data in the United States before the ICD‐10 was introduced?
Authors: Tai Shu‐Yu , Wu Jingyi , Lee Lukas Jyuhn‐Hsiarn , Lu Tsung‐Hsueh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is rare and fatal; survival in most cases is only about one year. Mortality rate is, therefore, a good proxy measure of incidence rate. However, the specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for MM was not available until the Tenth Revision ICD (ICD‐10). Little is known on which Ninth Revision ICD (ICD‐9) codes were assigned for MM in the ICD‐9 era.MethodsWe used a 1996 double‐coded mortality file compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics to calculate the detection rate (DR) and confirmation rate (CR) of selected ICD‐9 codes.ResultsOf 2386 decedents whose underlying cause of death was MM (ICD‐10 code C45), the DR (deaths) of corresponding ICD‐9 code was 57% (1365) for code 199 “malignant neoplasm without specification of site;” 19% (448) for code 162.9 “malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung, unspecified;” 13% (310) for code 163 “malignant neoplasm of pleura;” and 11% (271) for other codes. The CR (deaths) for the aforementioned three ICD‐9 codes were 4.0% (1365/33,942), 0.3% (448/150,342), and 70.8% (310/438), respectively.ConclusionsThe three ICD‐9 codes (199, 162.9, and 163) were the most commonly used codes for MM and composed nine‐tenths of all MM deaths in the years before the ICD‐10 was introduced. Using only ICD‐9 code 163, the code most often used as the surrogate measure of MM in mortality studies in the ICD‐9 era, capture may have been only 13% of all MM deaths in the US, and the estimated number of MM deaths missed in 1996 would be 2086.
Synthetic Silica Nano‐Organelles for Regulation of Cascade Reactions in Multi‐Compartmentalized Systems
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Caire da Silva Lucas , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Mottola Milagro , Landfester Katharina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, enzymes are compartmentalized into specific organelles so that different reactions and processes can be performed efficiently and with a high degree of control. In this work, we show that these features can be artificially emulated in robust synthetic organelles constructed using an enzyme co‐compartmentalization strategy. We describe an in situ encapsulation approach that allows enzymes to be loaded into silica nanoreactors in well‐defined compositions. The nanoreactors can be combined into integrated systems to produce a desired reaction outcome. We used the selective enzyme co‐compartmentalization and nanoreactor integration to regulate competitive cascade reactions and to modulate the kinetics of sequential reactions involving multiple nanoreactors. Furthermore, we show that the nanoreactors can be efficiently loaded into giant polymer vesicles, resulting in multi‐compartmentalized microreactors.
Relapsing Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Ronan N. , Jackson M. , Juhasz V. , Scarr D. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryKlebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of potentially life‐threatening infection. This report describes a relapsing healthcare‐associated Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a 60‐year‐old patient who had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. During their initial admission for COVID‐19 pneumonitis and treatment with corticosteroids, the patient developed signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial meningitis. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae as the causative organism. The patient was treated with a prolonged course of high‐dose meropenem and made an apparent recovery. Four days after hospital discharge, the patient re‐presented critically unwell. Klebsiella pneumoniae was once again isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. During their second admission, the patient deteriorated despite antimicrobial treatment, and life‐sustaining therapies were withdrawn. This case highlights that all COVID‐19 patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy should be monitored for potential opportunistic infection. Prompt recognition and early antimicrobial therapy are key to improving patient outcomes.
Preparation and properties of triethyl citrate plasticized chitosan‐based membranes for efficient release of curcumin
Authors: Huo Li , Wei Yuru , Zhang Haixia , Wang Ying , Deng Bo , Wang Yaxiong , Jin Li'e 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the release efficiency and physical properties of single polysaccharide membranes, two types of curcumin (Cur)‐loaded composite membranes have been successfully prepared through chitosan (CS)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), CS/soluble starch (SS) with triethyl citrate (TEC) as a plasticizer. The structure and properties of the membranes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The results of mechanical tests and drug release experiments show that TEC changes the intermolecular forces in the membrane matrix, makes the membrane more flexible and increases the cumulative release rate of curcumin. The cumulative release rate of Cur in CS/CMC‐Cur and the CS/SS‐Cur membrane can reach 86.5% and 87.3% at 24 h, respectively. Cur release in CS/CMC‐Cur followed the irregular Fickian diffusion behavior, whereas in CS/SS‐Cur followed the non‐Fickian diffusion behavior. The prepared composite membrane performs good thermal stability, tensile resistance and strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli.
Spinnability and characterization of poly(D‐lactic acid)‐blended poly(L‐lactic acid) filament yarns
Authors: Celen Onur , Kocer Hasan Basri 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional textiles are produced mainly by petroleum‐based polymeric materials, which are not biodegradable, cause serious pollution, and waste problems. Especially, poly(ethylene terephthalate) is the most used thermoplastic polyester in various textile applications. At this point, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable polyester, stands out forward with its unique properties. PLA is derived from renewable sources such as corn, sugar cane, and so on. In this study, poly(D‐lactic acid) (PDLA) was blended to poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) to reduce its highly crystalline morphology and rigidity. Introduction of PDLA would be expected to speed up its degradation by decreasing the amount of crystalline regions. PDLA was compounded into PLLA in amounts of 3, 6, and 9 wt%. First, PDLA‐blended PLLA compounds were produced, and then successfully spun/drawn into filament yarns by using a pilot‐scale melt spinning equipment. The compounds and the filament yarns were characterized by SEM, DSC, viscosity, carboxyl number, tenacity, elongation at break, unevenness, and shrinkage. Results showed that the amount of crystalline regions was decreased with increasing PDLA amount in both compounds and filament yarns. On the other hand, PDLA blending enhanced the rigidity of filament yarns by increasing their elongation at break.
The contribution of ontogenetic growth trajectories on the divergent evolution of the crocodylian skull table
Authors: Cossette Adam P. , Grass Andy D. , DeGuzman Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo explore shape variability among crocodylian skull tables, an analysis using geometric morphometric methods is conducted with the inclusion of extant and fossil taxa. Skull tables are variable and the differences likely play a role in hydrodynamics, species recognition, and biomechanical adaptations. Comparisons of allometric change within taxa are explored revealing that adults significantly diverge from juvenile skull table morphologies in most species and these changes happen in a stereotyped way. In all analyses, adults of the smallest extant taxa plot alongside the juveniles of related taxa and heterochrony may explain the maintenance of these morphologies into adulthood. When landmarks representing the supratemporal fenestrae are included, longirostrine taxa are broadly separated from one another due to variation in the size of the supratemporal fenestrae. The hypotheses of previous studies suggesting that the size of the supratemporal fenestrae is influenced by snout length—with longer snouts corresponding to larger fenestrae—must be re‐evaluated. Although species of the crocodyloids Tomistoma and Euthecodon approach or exceed the length of the snout in gavialoids, their supratemporal fenestrae are proportionally smaller—this suggests a phylogenetic constraint in crocodyloids regardless of snout length.