bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplementation of nonforage fiber source in diets with different starch levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and microbial flora of Hu lambs
Authors: Guo Tongqing , Wang Zhi Lan , Guo Long , Li Fadi , Li Fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of fiber source and dietary starch level on growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen parameters, and rumen bacteria in fattening Hu lambs. A total of 360 Hu lambs (BW = 24.72 ± 0.14 kg, 2 months old) were subjected to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Lambs randomly assigned 6 treatments with 6 repetitions (10 lambs per repetition) of each treatment. Six treatments were formulated to include the fiber sources with three starch levels. The experiment lasted a 63 d. The amount of feed, orts, and total feces were sampled on the 42nd day of the experiment. Rumen fluid samples were collected after 2 h of morning feeding on day 56. Rumen contents were collected last day after the selected lambs were slaughtered. Increasing the starch content decreased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, P = 0.005). Increasing the starch level increased the proportions of propionate (P = 0.002) and valerate (P = 0.001) and decreased the proportion of acetate (P &lt; 0.001) and the ratio of acetate to propionate (P = 0.005). The abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes was affected by an interaction between the fiber source and the starch level (P &lt; 0.001). Fibrobacter succinogenes tended to be greater in lambs fed SH than in lambs fed BP (P = 0.091), which was greater in lambs fed high starch levels than in lambs fed low starch levels (P = 0.014). Increasing the starch level increased Streptococcus bovis abundance (P = 0.029) and decreased total bacteria (P = 0.025). At the genus level, increasing the starch level reduced the abundance of Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.020). Nevertheless, the final body weight (BW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility were greater (P &lt; 0.01) in lambs fed soybean hull (SH) than in lambs fed BP. The proportion of butyrate was greater (P = 0.005), while the rumen pH was lower (P = 0.001) in lambs fed beet pulp (BP) than in those fed SH. The abundances of Succiniclasticum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcus_1, and Christensenellaceae_R-7 were greater in lambs fed SH than in those fed BP (P &lt; 0.050), whereas the abundance of Fibrobacter was lower (P = 0.011). The predominant microbial phyla in all of the groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fibrobacteres. Changing the starch level for fiber sources mainly changed the rumen community in terms of the phylum and genus abundances. Lambs fed SH with low starch level increased the final BW without affecting total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations.
Implementation of a workplace physical activity intervention in child care: process evaluation results from the Care2BWell trial
Authors: Neshteruk Cody D , Willis Erik , Smith Falon , Vaughn Amber E , Grummon Anna H , Vu Maihan B , Ward Dianne S , Linnan Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Care2BWell was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Healthy Lifestyles (HL), a worksite health promotion intervention to increase child care workers’ physical activity. The purpose of this study was to use process evaluation to describe the implementation of HL and determine if different levels of implementation are associated with changes in workers’ physical activity. Data were collected from 250 workers randomized to HL, a 6 month, multilevel intervention that included an educational workshop followed by three 8 week campaigns that included self-monitoring and feedback, raffle incentive, social support, and center director coaching. Process evaluation data collection included direct observation, self-reported evaluation surveys, website analytics and user test account data, tracking databases and semi-structured interviews. Implementation scores were calculated for each intervention component and compared at the center and individual levels. Nearly a third of workers never self-monitored and few (16%) met self-monitoring goals. Only 39% of centers engaged with the social support component as intended. Raffle and social support components were perceived as the least useful. Implementation varied widely by center (25%–76%) and individual workers (0%–94%). No within- or between-group differences for high compared to low implementation groups for change in physical activity were evident. Interview themes included limited sustainability, competing priorities, importance of social support, and desire for a more intensive, personalized intervention. Wide variation in implementation may explain limited effects on intervention outcomes. Future worksite interventions designed for child care workers can use these findings to optimize health promotion in this setting.
Comparison of patterns of infarction in TB and cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Kumar Mritunjai , Dhar Nikita , Tiwari Ashutosh , Siddiqui Md Sabah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
To compare the frequency and patterns of stroke, the specificity of tubercular zone (TBZ) infarction and its effect on outcomes in TB (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis (CM).

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary centres in India from May 2018 to July 2020. Sixty-one patients with TBM and 22 with CM were included. The primary outcome was the proportions of TBM and CM patients with infarction. Secondary outcomes included the anatomical locations of infarction and in-hospital mortality.

Results
Infarction was noted in 52.5% of patients with TBM and in 54.5% of those with CM (p=0.87), with caudate head infarcts in 9.4% vs 41.7% (p=0.01), cerebellar in 9.4% vs 33.3% (p=0.05), thalamic in 25% vs 0% and lobar in 28.1% vs 0%, respectively. In TBM, the infarcts were located in the TBZ in 3 (9.4%), in the ischaemic zone in 23 (71.9%), while 6 (18.8%) patients showed infarcts in both, while in CM, the infarcts were in 0 (0%), 6 (50%) and 6 (50%) patients, respectively. Infarcts were not associated with in-hospital mortality, either in TBM or CM.

Conclusion
Caudate head and cerebellar infarction was more common in CM, while thalamic and lobar infarcts were more frequent in TBM. TBZ infarcts were not specific to TBM.
Teacher Professional Development around the World: The Gap between Evidence and Practice
Authors: Popova Anna , Evans David K , Breeding Mary E , Arancibia Violeta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many teachers in low- and middle-income countries lack the skills to teach effectively, and professional development (PD) programs are the principal tool that governments use to upgrade those skills. At the same time, few PD programs are evaluated, and those that are evaluated show highly varying results. This paper proposes a set of indicators—the In-Service Teacher Training Survey Instrument—to standardize reporting on teacher PD programs. An application of the instrument to 33 rigorously evaluated PD programs shows that programs that link participation to career incentives, have a specific subject focus, incorporate lesson enactment in the training, and include initial face-to-face training tend to show higher student learning gains. In qualitative interviews, program implementers also report follow-up visits as among the most effective characteristics of their professional development programs. This paper then uses the instrument to present novel data on a sample of 139 government-funded, at-scale professional development programs across 14 countries. The attributes of most at-scale teacher professional development programs differ sharply from those of programs that evidence suggests are effective, with fewer incentives to participate in PD, fewer opportunities to practice new skills, and less follow-up once teachers return to their classrooms.
“No Country Will Rise above Its Home, and No Home above Its Mother”: Gender, Memory, and Colonial Violence in Nineteenth-Century Texas
Authors: Troester Patrick T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article examines Anglo-American colonization in nineteenth-century Texas and the construction of its historical memory, highlighting the interwoven roles of kinship, women’s labor, and gendered ideology. Building upon social, economic, and cultural roots in the U.S. Southeast, settler colonialism in Texas was a multi-generational project structured heavily by kinship. Anglo-Texan women served as active colonial agents through their productive and reproductive labor, which bound them firmly to more overt forms of colonial violence by men and the emerging state. In the face of Native resistance, Anglo-Texans highlighted Indigenous acts of violence against White women and families in order to invert responsibility for colonial violence and to justify the dispossession and destruction of Native peoples. Beginning as early as the 1830s, direct Anglo participants, including many influential women, wrote the first histories of Texas colonization, interpreting that process and its violence from within the deeply gendered and personal framework of kinship. Their efforts have marked both popular memory and historical scholarship to the present day.
Integrative systematics of the tooth-tailed scorpions,Odontobuthus(Buthidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Iranian Plateau
Authors: Barahoei Hossein , Prendini Lorenzo , Navidpour Shahrokh , Tahir H Muhammad , Aliabadian Mansour , Siahsarvie Roohollah , Mirshamsi Omid 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ‘tooth-tailed’ scorpions of the buthid genus Odontobuthus comprises six species with an allopatric or parapatric pattern of distribution in the Middle East, but the diversity of Odontobuthus in Iran appears to be underestimated, with the limits of several species remaining unclear. In the present contribution, an integrative approach to the systematics of Odontobuthus was applied, to determine the taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships among its species. Statistical analyses of five meristic characters, 38 morphometric characters and 21 morphometric ratios, combined with molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, were conducted. All previously described species of Odontobuthus were found to be well supported, and new morphological diagnoses are here presented. Additionally, three new species: Odontobuthus baluchicus sp. nov. from the Makkoran Mountains, Odontobuthus chabaharensis sp. nov. from the coast of the Gulf of Oman (Sistan and Baluchistan Provinces) and Odontobuthus kermanus sp. nov. from Kerman Province, are described, raising the total number of Odontobuthus species to nine, six of which are endemic or subendemic to the Iranian Plateau. A distribution map and identification key to the species of Odontobuthus are also provided.
Exploring the diversity of the deep sea—four new species of the amphipod genusOedicerinadescribed using morphological and molecular methods
Authors: Jażdżewska Anna M , Brandt Angelika , Martínez Arbizu Pedro , Vink Annemiek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCollections of the amphipod genus Oedicerina were obtained during six expeditions devoted to the study of deep-sea environments of the Pacific Ocean. The material revealed four species new to science. Two species (Oedicerina henricisp. nov. and Oedicerina teresae sp. nov.) were found at abyssal depths of the central eastern Pacific in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone; one species (Oedicerina claudei sp. nov.) was recovered in the Sea of Okhotsk (north-west Pacific), and one (Oedicerina lesci sp. nov.) in the abyss adjacent to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (KKT). The four new species differ from each other and known species by the shapes of the rostrum, coxae 1 and 4, basis of pereopod 7, armatures of pereonite 7, pleonites and urosomites. An identification key for all known species is provided. The study of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of the four new species and Oedicerina ingolfi collected in the North Atlantic confirmed their genetic distinction. However, small intraspecific variation within each of the studied species was observed. In the case of the new species occurring across the KKT, the same haplotype was found on both sides of the trench, providing evidence that the trench does not constitute an insurmountable barrier for population connectivity. None of the species have so far been found on both sides of the Pacific.
How new biomarkers aid the anesthetist to detect and prevent perioperative acute kidney injury
Authors: Saadat-Gilani Khaschayar , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is underestimated but common in the perioperative setting. Although the association of this syndrome with an increased morbidity and mortality has been well established, little progress has been made in the diagnosis or prevention of AKI in recent years. This is partly due to the late detection of AKI by conventional criteria based of functional biomarkers, serum creatinine, and urine output. In addition, conceptually AKI is now recognized as being part of a continuum, in which preventive intervention is time critical. This review will summarize the current best available evidence and explain why timely perioperative management does have impact on the development of AKI and overall outcomes for patients.

Recent findings
Damage biomarkers can reliably identify AKI earlier than conventional functional biomarkers, facilitating more timely preventive intervention. Although the interventions published in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guideline are all important, the most relevant preventive options perioperatively include maintenance of adequate volume status and perfusion pressure, and the focus on balanced crystalloid solutions as maintenance fluid.

Summary
AKI is a time critical syndrome that requires timely detection and damage biomarkers can help to adjust the perioperative management to prevent further injury.
Peripartum considerations for women with cardiac disease
Authors: Hussey Hanna , Hussey Patrick , Meng Marie-Louise 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
The aim of this review of cardiac disease in pregnancy is to delineate current best practices and highlight emerging themes in the literature.

Recent findings
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in the United States. Many clinicians and institutions have developed care pathways to approach care in these high-risk patients including highly coordinated multidisciplinary teams. The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is the greatest risk factor for an adverse event in pregnant women. Vaginal delivery, with good neuraxial anesthesia, is usually the preferred mode of delivery in women with cardiac disease, although the rate of cesarean delivery is higher among women with heart disease.

Summary
The leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women is cardiac disease. Preconception counseling is useful for optimizing patients for pregnancy and setting appropriate expectations about care and outcomes. Ensuring that women are cared for in centers with appropriate multidisciplinary resources is key for improving outcomes for cardio-obstetric patients.
Anesthetic technique and cancer surgery outcomes
Authors: Dubowitz Julia , Hiller Jonathan , Riedel Bernhard 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Surgery remains integral to treating solid cancers. However, the surgical stress response, characterized by physiologic perturbation of the adrenergic, inflammatory, and immune systems, may promote procancerous pathways. Anesthetic technique per se may attenuate/enhance these pathways and thereby could be implicated in long-term cancer outcomes.

Recent findings
To date, clinical studies have predominantly been retrospective and underpowered and, thus limit meaningful conclusions. More recently, prospective studies of regional anesthesia for breast and colorectal cancer surgery have failed to demonstrate long-term cancer outcome benefit. However, based on the consistent observation of protumorigenic effects of surgical stress and that of volatile anesthesia in preclinical studies, supported by in vivo models of tumor progression and metastasis, we await robust prospective clinical studies exploring the role of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (cf. inhalational volatiles). Additionally, anti-adrenergic/anti-inflammatory adjuncts, such as lidocaine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the anti-adrenergic propranolol warrant ongoing research.

Summary
The biologic perturbation of the perioperative period, compounded by the effects of anesthetic agents, renders patients with cancer particularly vulnerable to enhanced viability of minimal residual disease, with long-term outcome consequences. However, low level and often conflicting clinical evidence equipoise currently exists with regards to optimal oncoanesthesia techniques. Large, prospective, randomized control trials are urgently needed to inform evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
Anaesthesia for minimally invasive cardiac procedures in the catheterization lab
Authors: Reid Catherine , Meineri Massimiliano , Riva Thomas , Pilgrim Thomas , Räber Lorenz , Luedi Markus M. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
The share of cardiac procedures performed in settings involving nonoperating room anaesthesia (NORA) continues to grow rapidly, and the number of publications related to anaesthetic techniques in cardiac catheterization laboratories is substantial. We aim to summarize the most recent evidence about outcomes related to type of anaesthetic in minimally invasive cardiac procedures.

Recent findings
The latest studies, primarily focused on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr), demonstrate the need for reliable monitoring and appropriate training of the interdisciplinary teams involved in this high-risk NORA setting.

Summary
Inappropriate sedation and concurrent inadequate oxygenation are main risk factors for claims involving NORA care. Current evidence deriving from TAVR shows that monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) is associated with shorter length of stay and lower mortality.
Clinical Relevance of Epidural Steroid Injections on Lumbosacral Radicular Syndrome-related Synptoms
Authors: de Bruijn Thomas M. , de Groot Ingrid B. , Miedema Harald S. , Haumann Johan , Ostelo Raymond W.J.G. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) can be used to reduce lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LRS) related pain. The clinical relevance of ESIs are currently unknown. This systematic review and meta-analyses aims to assess whether ESIs are clinically relevant for patients with LRS.

Materials and Methods:
Comprehensive literature searches for randomized controlled trials regarding steroid injections for LRS were conducted in PudMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL from their inception to September 2018 (December 2019 for PubMed). For each homogenous comparison, the outcomes function, pain intensity and health-related quality of life at different follow-up intervals were pooled separately. The GRADE approach was used to determine the overall certainty of the evidence.

Results:
Seventeen studies were included. Two different homogenous comparisons were identified for which the randomized controlled trials could be pooled. In 36 of the 40 analyses no clinically relevant effect was found. The certainty of evidence varied between very low to high. Four analyses found a clinically relevant effect, all on pain intensity and health-related quality of life, but the certainty of the evidence was either low or very low. Two of the 33 subgroup analyses showed a clinically relevant effect. However, according to the GRADE approach the certainty of these findings are low to very low.

Discussion:
On the basis of the analyses we conclude there is insufficient evidence that ESIs for patients with LRS are clinically relevant at any follow-up moment. High-quality studies utilizing a predefined clinical success are necessary to identify potential clinically relevant effects of ESIs. Until the results of these studies are available, there is reason to consider whether the current daily practice of ESIs for patients with LRS should continue.
Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (Neuromodulation) for Postoperative Pain: A Randomized, Sham-controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Ilfeld Brian M. , Plunkett Anthony , Vijjeswarapu Alice M. , Hackworth Robert , Dhanjal Sandeep , Turan Alparslan , Cohen Steven P. , Eisenach James C. , Griffith Scott , Hanling Steven , Sessler Daniel I. , Mascha Edward J. , Yang Dongsheng , Boggs Joseph W. , Wongsarnpigoon Amorn , Gelfand Harold ,   on behalf of the PAINfRE Investigators
Published: April 2021

Background
Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation is an analgesic technique involving the percutaneous implantation of a lead followed by the delivery of electric current using an external pulse generator. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation has been used extensively for chronic pain, but only uncontrolled series have been published for acute postoperative pain. The current multicenter study was undertaken to (1) determine the feasibility and optimize the protocol for a subsequent clinical trial and (2) estimate the treatment effect of percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation on postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

Methods
Preoperatively, an electrical lead was percutaneously implanted to target the sciatic nerve for major foot/ankle surgery (e.g., hallux valgus correction), the femoral nerve for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, or the brachial plexus for rotator cuff repair, followed by a single injection of long-acting local anesthetic along the same nerve/plexus. Postoperatively, participants were randomized to 14 days of either electrical stimulation (n = 32) or sham stimulation (n = 34) using an external pulse generator in a double-masked fashion. The dual primary treatment effect outcome measures were (1) cumulative opioid consumption (in oral morphine equivalents) and (2) mean values of the “average” daily pain scores measured on the 0 to 10 Numeric Rating Scale within the first 7 postoperative days.

Results
During the first 7 postoperative days, opioid consumption in participants given active stimulation was a median (interquartile range) of 5 mg (0 to 30) versus 48 mg (25 to 90) in patients given sham treatment (ratio of geometric means, 0.20 [97.5% CI, 0.07 to 0.57]; P < 0.001). During this same period, the average pain intensity in patients given active stimulation was a mean ± SD of 1.1 ± 1.1 versus 3.1 ± 1.7 in those given sham (difference, −1.8 [97.5% CI, −2.6 to −0.9]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation reduced pain scores and opioid requirements free of systemic side effects during at least the initial week after ambulatory orthopedic surgery.

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