bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism from the Mastoid Triangle Using 3d CT scan in Nepalese Population
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Karki Raj Kumar , Khan Abdul Sami , Shah Dhiraj Kumar , Bhardwaj Sushant 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Skull plays an important role, second only next to pelvis for sex determination. In skull, mastoid and occipital region due to its anatomical location is the most protected region, offering high resistance to decomposition and any form of tempering. With the intension of studying sexual dimorphism in the mastoid region involving mastoid process, we initiated this study. The technique we adopted was first introduced by Paiva and Segre, i.e. measuring the distance between three cranio-metric land mark (Porion, Mastoidale, and Asterion) and calculating the area of the triangle to study sexual dimorphism.
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine sex based on mastoid triangle dimensions measured in 3D reconstructed computed tomography of the skull.
Methodology: The study included 196, 3D reconstructed CT scan images of skull, 98 of which were males and 98 of which were females. The three craniometric points were marked to demarcate the mastoid triangle on both side (mention the software used).Heron’s formula was used for measurement of mastoid triangle areas.
Result: Descriptive statistics and the student t-test revealed that males have larger mastoid triangle dimensions in all measurements than females, with a significant difference (p<0.000) between them. The paired t-test revealed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the right and left sides. Apart from angle asterion (p<0.05) on the right side, no other mastoid triangle angles on either side showed a significant difference. The predictability of mastoid triangle measurements and areas was determined using a discriminant function and ROC curve analysis. The calculated mastoid triangle measurements and areas were 72.5 % of Asterion to Porion, 74.5 % of Asterion to Mastoidale, 86.3 % of Mastoidale to Porion, and 88.2 % of areas, respectively.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that mastoid triangle could be used to determine gender in the case of fragmentary skull remains by the forensic experts in the course of investigation. In order to generalize the data nationally, an autopsy-based, large sample size study on different age groups should be conducted.
Perception of Online Lectures among Undergraduate Medical, Dental and Nursing Students during COVID-19 Pandemic: a Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Sarraf Deependra Prasad , Rauniar Gajendra Prasad , Karn Basant Kumar , Kushwaha Ramayan Prasad , Keshwar Shashi 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected medical education and has forced educators to switch to online teaching-learning activities worldwide. Online teaching-learning activities has ensured the safe delivery of the lectures to the students.
Objective: To assess the perception of students towards online lectures and to analyze the perceived barriers to online learning in our context during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
Methodology: A cross-sectional online descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate students at a tertiary teaching college in Eastern Nepal during September-November 2020. The link of the Google form consisting of the semi-structured questionnaire was sent to the students through email. Descriptive statistics frequency and percentage were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2010. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (IRC/2069/20).
Results: A total of 211 students participated in the study. Mean age of the students was 20.5±1.5 years. Out of 211, 130 (61.61%) students used smartphones to attend online lectures and 176 (83.41%) students had not attended any online classes before the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common perceived advantage of the online lectures was availability of recorded lectures (186, 88.15%) whereas reduced interaction (179, 84.83%) was the most common disadvantage. More than half (126, 59.72%) of the students disagreed/strongly disagreed that online lectures are more effective than traditional face-to-face lectures.
Conclusions: Most of the students had negative perception towards the online lectures. The study findings recommend using a hybrid of conventional face-to-face classroom based teaching and newer online teaching-learning activities for delivering medical education.
Histopathological Distribution of the Gastrointestinal Tract Lesions
Authors: Singh Mrinalini , Kafle Santosh Upadhyaya , Kafle Neeta , Sinha Amrita , Rajbhandari Prasun 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common and can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. Diseases can just shows clinical conditions like stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea which can be self- limiting. But sometimes disease may be life-threatening like malignancy. Biopsy is necessary for confirmatory diagnosis and further treatment of the patient. So histopathologic examination is a must for all surgical procedures for confirmation and categorization of GI disorders.
Objectives: This study was done to find out the various patterns of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with its commonest age group and sex involvement
Methodology: This was a prospective study of all the surgically resected GI tissue received in the Department of Pathology Histopathology unit in Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital (BMCTH) from 1st February 2021 to 30 thApril 2021.The hematoxylin and eosin stain slides of the GI tissue received were studied and the lesions were diagnosed on their histomorphology. According to organ, age and sex, the lesions were categorized. The data were entered in Microsoft excel and the percentage value was calculated.
Results: Out of the total 344 cases 146(42.44%) were male and 198(57.56%) were female patients. The most common age range for GI lesions was 41 to 60 years comprising of 126(36.62%) of total cases. Maximum numbers of cases 160 (46.50%) were of cholecystectomies followed by appendectomies 95(27.60%). Inflammatory and benign lesions comprised 332(96.51%), 9(2.61%) were malignant tumor and 3(0.88%) were premalignant lesions. The most common inflammatory lesions and malignant tumors were chronic cholecystitis and gastric adenocarcinoma respectively
Conclusions: The study identifies that gastrointestinal lesions comprise of the most common biopsies received in the histopathology department. Early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions can improve the overall survival rate of patients.
Prevalence of Anemia among Children Diagnosed with Pneumonia Attending Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Jha Chandra Bhushan , Rimal Hem Sagar , Subedi Ram Bhakta 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Childhood pneumonia is the leading cause of serious illness and death worldwide. In developing countries, pneumonia is the biggest single cause of childhood death under the age of 5 years. Globally, anemia is a major nutritional problem of immense public health significance. Iron deficiency anemia in children occurs most frequently between the age of 6 months and 3years, the same period of age when repeated infections occur.
Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among children diagnosed with pneumonia.
Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, from 15th February 2020 to 15th August 2020. This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children between 6 to 60 months of age. History regarding fever, cough and fast breathing was taken. All the data were recorded in the preformed proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Results: This study was performed on 150 pneumonic children, in which male babies (n=93; 62%) outnumbered the female babies (n=57; 38%). The majority of children were in the age group of 6 to 24 month (n=85; 56.7%). The mean hemoglobin level was 9. 49±1.39 gm/dl. The hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl was seen in 102 (68%) cases. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 73 (71.6%) children.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia among the pneumonic children of 6-60 months is 68% that is higher than the national data (52.6%) of prevalence of anemia in the same age group. While treating childhood pneumonia, checking hemoglobin on regular basis will be very useful to diagnose and manage concurrent anemia
Study on Estimation of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Level and Prostate Volume with Trans-Abdominal Ultrasonography Finding in Benign Prostate Hypertrophy at Tertiary Care Hospital : A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Gaire Chandra Prakash 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The periurethral and transition zones of the prostatic gland develop benign prostatic hyperplasia and represent an inevitable phenomenon for the ageing male population. Prostatic specific antigen, is a serine protease, level rises in the blood if the barrier between thelining epithelium and the blood stream is damaged. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic carcinoma and prostatitis are three common diseases where PSA in the serum is raised. Prostate volume also increases according to age, which can be estimated by trans-abdominal ultrasonography.
Objective: The aim of the study is to estimate the PSA level in blood and its relationship with prostate volume in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients.
Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out between a periods of 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2019 at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital. All the patients diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia at the department of urology were included in the study. Blood samples of patients were analyzed for Prostate specific antigen level estimation by chemiluminescence immunosorbent assay. Prostatic volume of the patients was measured by Transabdominal ultrasound technique. Data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel.
Results: A total of 68 patients were diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia. The mean age of the patients was 61.8±12.3 years. The maximum number 23 of patients with BPH was there in age group 51-60. The maximum no of patients 38 were having their PSA level between the range of 4.0-10.0 ng/ml. The maximum no of patients 28 was having Prostate volume in the range of 40-60 gm. The maximum number of patients 31 was having diabetes mellitus as a co-morbid association. The maximum mean PSA level and prostate volume in the patients were observed in age group >80 years,which was 20.1±8.6 ng/ml and >80 gm respectively.
Conclusion: The prostate specific antigen level and prostate volume both increase in advance age group of patients suffering with benign prostate hyperplasia.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Pemrograman Dasar C++ Menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6 pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Al-Ittihad Jungpasir Wedung Demak
Authors: Najib Muhammad Najib 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The development of this learning media uses the Research and Development (R & D) method which consists of ten process stages: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, product design revision, product testing, product revision, usage testing, revision product, mass production. Testing is done using alpha testing and beta testing. Alpha testing by knowing the performance and validation by expert judgment, namely media experts and material experts. Beta testing is tested on students. Beta testing is done after alpha testing gets a very valid validation result. Beta testing uses a Likert scale to students containing student responses to the use of learning media. Data retrieval was carried out at AL-ITTIHAD Vocational School in Wedung Demak Jungpasir involving 32 students for instrument testing. The data obtained were then analyzed by descriptive and quantitative analysis techniques by changing the data of the average assessment results into the interval of the feasibility score. The results obtained from media expert validators were 73% in the feasible category, material experts at 98% in the very feasible category. While the results of student responses to media in the field scored 92% with a very decent category. So that it can be concluded as a whole that the learning media of the basic programming language C ++ uses Adobe Flash CS6 for class X AL-ITTIHAD VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, Wedung Demak Jungpasir is very feasible to use.
Keywords: Development of learning media, Basic C ++ Programming Language, Adobe Flash CS6.
Model Data Mining dan Rasio Altman untuk Prediksi Financial Distress Perusahaan
Authors: Rahayu Ratna Dwi 
Published: November 2021

Financial distress is the stage or situation of a decline in the company's financial condition before a business failure occurs. This failure is related to liquidation, where the company fails to run its operations for profit. Financial distress prediction methods have been long developed in the field of finance using Multiple Discriminant Analyst (MDA). The most widely used MDA method is the Altman model ratio. This method is used as an early warning to the company's financial condition. This study aims to analyze the neuro fuzzy data mining algorithm with input data from the financial ratio of the Altman model to predict the company's financial distress. Research data are from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website at www.idx.co.id. Data population between 2012-2017 LQ45 issuers are 80 companies. Preliminary data from the company's financial statements are calculated by Altman's ratio to get zscore values ??of three types of categories. These values ??are arranged in time series of four backward periods which will be used as input data for the neuro fuzzy algorithm ANFIS model. The next step is the formation of algorithms, training, testing, simulation and model evaluation using the GUI application from the Matlab program. The results of the model are predictive values ??that are compared with the results of the Altman ratio calculation of predicted years. The final results of the study show the predicted value of the ANFIS model of the Triangle membership function looks very optimal, consistent, and efficient. It was proven that the average predicted value of 9.95% was close to the actual value of the calculated year, while the results of the ANFIS model of the Trapezoid, Gauss and G-bell membership functions seemed less than optimal.
Keywords: Financial Distress, Neuro Fuzzy, Prediction, Altman Ratio.
Implementasi Adaptive Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle untuk Mengatasi Keragaman Gaya Belajar Pada Pendidikan Vokasi
Authors: Sudomo R Irlanto , Setiawan Toni 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi Adaptive Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle dilihat dari aspek: (1) Keragaman Gaya Belajar siswa berupa Visual, Auditory Kinestetik (2) Perencanaan pembelajaran, (3) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran, (4) Sistem penilaian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian yang dilakukan berupaya mendeskripsikan secara jelas mengenai implementasi Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle di Universitas IVET. Subjek penelitian adalah sekretaris program studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin konsentrasi Otomotif (PTM-O) dosen, pengelola bagian TI dan mahasiswa yang sudah memanfaatkan Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle pada Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin konsentrasi Otomotif Universitas Ivet. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian adalah 1) metode observasi, 2) metode wawancara, 3) metode dokumentasi. Teknik keabsahan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan teknik trianggulasi metode dan sumber. Hasil penelitian: (1) gaya belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Mesin konsentrasi Otomotif (PTM-O) memiliki latar belakang pendidikan yang heterogen (2) Perencanaan Adaptive Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle meliputi mempersiapkan Sarana dan prasarana berupa komputer yang ada di laboratorium komputer sebanyak 33 unit, beserta jaringan internet yang tersedia dengan kecepatan 50 mbps. (3) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dosen melakukan aktifitas pembelajaran sesuai dengan mata kuliah yang diampu. Dosen mengunggah materi pada setiap pertemuan. (4) Sistem Penilaian dalam pembelajaran Adaptive Hypermedia System Berbasis Moodle bisa dilakukan menggunakan quiz.
Rozważania o nowym paradygmacie kryminalistyki
Authors: Moszczyński Jarosław 
Published: November 2021

Prognozy pojawienia się nowego paradygmatu kryminalistyki pojawiły się pod koniec pierwszej dekady obecnego wieku i zrodziły się z konfrontacji metodyki identyfikacji genetycznej oraz klasycznych rodzajów identyfikacji kryminalistycznych. Oczekuje się, że w tych drugich nastąpi odejście od subiektywnej oceny wartości identyfikacyjnej cech badanych obiektów, na rzecz doświadczalnego sprawdzania częstości ich występowania. W konsekwencji wydawane opinie powinny być oparte na statystycznych szacunkach prawdopodobieństwa powtórzenia się określonej konfiguracji cech w dwóch różnych obiektach. Ma to także doprowadzić do wydawania wyłącznie prawdopodobnych opinii. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja stanowisk różnych kryminalistyków odnośnie do przewidywanych zmian paradygmatu kryminalistyki i ocena realności postulatów. DNA i inne obiekty, będące przedmiotem badań kryminalistycznych posiadają różne właściwości, co bardzo utrudnia, a nawet uniemożliwia budowanie reprezentatywnych baz populacyjnych, mających stanowić podstawę do obliczeń statystycznych. Zatem przewidywane przejście od subiektywnych metod jakościowych do obiektywnych metod ilościowych, chociaż pożądane, jest w praktyce bardzo ograniczone.
Istota i zakres ujawnienia protokołów i dokumentów na rozprawie w świetle nowelizacji kodeksu postępowania karnego z dnia 19 lipca 2019 r.
Authors: Szczechowicz Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

Artykuł zawiera ocenę rozwiązania dotyczącego automatycznego włączania materiału dowodowego, wprowadzonego do polskiego systemu prawa na mocy nowelizacji z dn. 19 lipca 2019 roku. Ustawodawca chcąc zlikwidować zbędny formalizm wprowadził normę prawną stanowiącą, iż z chwilą zamknięcia przewodu sądowego ujawnione są bez odczytywania wszystkie protokoły i dokumenty podlegające odczytaniu na rozprawie, które nie zostały odczytane. Nie wyłączył jednak stosowania art. 352 oraz 368 k.p.k. obligujących do wydania decyzji, czy to przez sąd, czy przewodniczącego składu orzekającego, co do włączenia tychże protokołów i dokumentów w poczet materiału dowodowego. Rozwiązanie to rodzi szereg wątpliwości. W tekście przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące wzajemnych relacji przepisów regulujących ujawnianie na rozprawie protokołów i dokumentów. Poczyniono także uwagi dotyczące znaczenia wprowadzenia do polskiego systemu prawa automatycznego włączania materiału dowodowego i ocenę zgodności tego rodzaju rozwiązania z prawem strony do rzetelnego procesu. Autorka wskazuje na konieczność nowelizacji treści art. 405 k.p.k.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Smart Polymeric Composite Beam Embedded with Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Ali Amin Samir , Yasser Hassan Ali 
Published: November 2021

Recent advances in materials engineering have given rise to a new class of materials known as active materials. These materials when used appropriately can aid in development of smart structural systems. This research presents the smart composite beam study in experimental and numerical by ANSYS V.15. In the present research, shape memory alloy NiTinol wire as fiber was used with a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as host matrix. Nitinol wire high temperature is about 80°C±10°C full annealed, (2 mm) with a straight shape, black color, it consists of (Ni-55%, H-0.001%, O-0.05%, N-0.001%, C-0.05%, Ti-Balance). The model consists of four NiTinol wires, each one with 180 mm length and 2 mm diameter, the distance between them is about 10 mm. In the experiment, the model was subjected to a bending load with speed 500 mm/min and displacement 30 mm. After unloading, the composite backed upward (spring-back) by a displacement about 13 mm and stopped. But, the spring back in finite element modeling was about 12.5 mm, the error percentage between the experimental and finite elements results is about 3.8%. Recovery stress is sufficient to return the composite beam to the original shape and position. The factors play the important role in the recovery composite beam are recovery stress, rigidity of host matrix, interfacial bonded force, pre-strain and activation temperature. The temperatures distribution is same on the surface of smart composite beam model in the middle line in both cases, finite elements modeling and experimental work. The pre-strain 4% is enough to recover the composite model after activation. The chosen polymeric host is very significant, because through activation of NiTinol wire, the host material becomes flexible.
KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN KEMANUSIAAN
Authors: Hanafi Arief  
Published: November 2021

Kekerasan rumah tangga merupakan kejahatan yang serius. Kasus kekerasan ini selalu meningkat setiap tahun dalam berbagai bentuk, baik kuantitas maupun kualitas. Efek buruk tidak hanya menimpa para korban, namun juga kepada pihak lain dalam rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap kekerasan rumah tangga khususnya terhadap perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Berdasarkan falsafah Indonesia Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Indonesia mengeluarkan konvensi penghapusan segala bentuk diskriminasi melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984. Kemudian dibentuk Komisi Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 1998. Pada tahun 2004, Indonesia mengeluarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 yang secara spesifik mengatur larangan melakukan kekerasan rumahtangga dalam bentuk apa pun. Hal ini berarti bahwa Indonesia sangat menentang kekerasan rumah tangga serta memandangnya ini sebagai kejahatan kemanusiaan yang serius sehingga perlu ditanggulangi secara sungguh-sungguh.
TAFSIR YURIDIS FILOSOFIS PASAL 56 AYAT 1 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 39 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERKEBUNAN
Authors: Akmal Zainul 
Published: November 2021

Pasal 108 junto Pasal 56 ayat (1) UU No. 39 Tahun 2014 tentang Perkebunan dijadikan alat oleh penegak hukum untuk menangkap dan menghukum pembakar lahan. Sebagian pelaku yang ditangkap dan dihukum adalah petani lokal yang miskin dan masyarakat yang membakar di pekarangan rumahnya. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui¸ arah kebijakan negara terhadap pelarangan membuka lahan dengan cara membakar dan orang atau badan hukum yang dikategorikan sebagai pelaku usaha perkebunan dalam Pasal 56 ayat (1) UU Perkebunan. Hasil dari kajian menemukan bahwa, Usaha Perkebunan dilakukan dengan berwawasan lingkungan yang memiliki relevansi dengan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang PPLH dan pelaku usaha perkebunan yang dilarang membuka lahan dengan cara membakar bukanlah pekebun melainkan perusahaan perkebunan
Abstract
Article 108 junto Article 56 paragraph (1) of Law No. 39 of 2014 on Plantation is used as a tool by law enforcement to arrest and punish arsonists. Some of the perpetrators arrested and convicted were poor local farmers and people who burned in the yard of his house. This journal aims to determine the direction of state policy towards the prohibition of clearing land by burning and people or legal entities categorized as plantation businesses in Article 56 paragraph (1) of the Plantation Law. The results of the study found that, Plantation Business is carried out with environmental insights that have relevance to Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management and plantation businesses that are prohibited from clearing land by burning are not planters but plantation companies