bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroscopic structure of Pinus sylvestris L. wood during introduction to the Central forest-steppe
Authors: Galdina T , Khazova E 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe macroscopic structure ofPinus sylvestris L. wood growing in the geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe (Bryansk, Voronezh, and Volgograd climatypes), natural forests of the broad-leaved forest zone of the Bryansk region, the zone of the southern forest-steppe of the Voronezh region and the dry steppe of the Volgograd region was studied. The dependence of the annual ring width on the degree of humidification was found. WhenPinus sylvestris L. moving in arid conditions of the dry steppe, changes in the annual ring width were noted, this is an adaptive feature of plants to environmental conditions. The early wood is more susceptible to changes in width depending on the growing conditions than late wood. In geographical cultures ofPinus sylvestris L. created in the Central Forest-steppe of the Voronezh Region climatypes from the Bryansk region have a decrease in the annual ring width and climatypes from the Volgograd region have an increase in the annual ring width, which is related to a change in the degree of humidification. Macrostructural features of wood can be an indicator of the climate in certain natural conditions.
Study of the work of a self-propelled mulcher in the preparation of forest soils for planting poplar in the conditions of Bulgaria
Authors: Glushkov S , Popikov P I , Malyukov S V , Chakarov V , Boyadzhiev D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article describes the use of mulcher technology in forestry for the care of forest crops, removal of overgrowth under power lines, in the right-of-way of gas and oil pipelines, railways and highways. With the help of mulchers, they create fire strips in the forest, make clearings. Mulchers clean fallen trees after fires, floods and hurricanes. They are involved in landscaping and agricultural work. The article examines the work of the PT-400 self-propelled tillage mulcher for the surface crushing of logging waste on the utilized poplar plantations of the Oryakhovsky state forestry in Bulgaria. The work of the Rotor Ferri S stump grinder was studied when crushing poplar stumps with a diameter of up to 50 cm. The hourly productivity of these machines at various operations was determined, and also the process of crushing stumps and felling residues by fractional composition was studied. The work of the mulcher was compared with the bulldozer technology and the mounted tractor stump grinder Rotor Ferri S. It was concluded that the mounted stump grinder Rotor Ferri S is the most suitable machine for grinding poplar stumps of any diameter, since its productivity significantly exceeds that of the PT-400 mulcher/tiller. The load on the tractor is minimal, which saves energy. At the same time, mulching technology is very effective and in demand.
The effect of a single inbreeding on the growth and development of fast-growing tree species, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens
Authors: Isakov I Yu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the research is to study parameters of seed reproduction systems in Betula pendula and B. pubescens, find possibilities for producing viable inbred plants, and analyze their growth and development and hybrid heterosis at crossing the selected forms in generations F1 and I1. Differentiation in deciduous trees by self-fertility level was established. By this feature the progeny of different tree groups have different genetic and selection value depending on pollination method of parent trees: at open pollination the progeny of self-sterile and transitional forms (cross-pollinating) are the most fast-growing and resistant to unfavorable environmental factors, whereas at self-pollination – the progeny of self-fertile forms. Accordingly parent trees were classified into three groups: self-fertile, self-sterile and transitional forms. Frequency of self-fertile forms and preservation of inbred plants in downy birch are higher than the similar indicators in silver birch. Thus an ambiguous effect of closely related crossing in tree species on the growth and development of their seed progeny was revealed. The effect of inbreeding on some trees is positive, on other negative, and there is the third group, in which the growth deflections caused by inbreeding are inessential. Such trees are suggested for use in various selection programs.
Formation of density and porosity of pine wood in a tree trunk
Authors: Kantieva E , Snegireva S , Platonov A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wood is a material with unique properties that contribute to its wide use as a raw material for various types of industries. Different quality requirements are imposed on the raw materialdepending on the material or wood product. However, physical and mechanical properties of wood are not homogenousalong the radius and height of the trunk and depend on the species, location in the trunk and growing conditions. The aim of this research is to study the variability of porosity and density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in a tree trunk growing in dry forests of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The studies were carried out on wood cuts, sawn at different trunk heights. The change in the density of pine wood along the height of the trunk by 1.43% for each meter has been established. The wood porosity increases from the butt to the top by an average of 5.5%. New information about the variability of wood properties makes it possible to rationally and reasonably approach the choice of raw materials for obtaining materials with specified performance characteristics.
Integrated environmental assessment of the perspective specially protected natural area of Voronezh city (Russia)
Authors: Kochergina M , Furmenkova E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A significant role in optimizing the state of the urban environment is played by the natural complex; one of its components is specially protected natural areas (SPNA). Therefore, the idea to create an SPNA system for the Voronezh region is especially important. The purpose of these studies was to prepare, according to a comprehensive environmental survey, a scientific justification for assigning the SPNA status of regional importance to recreational plantations. Standard methods of taxation, ecological, geographical, botanical, soil and faunal research were used in the work. The results of the studies include a description of the soil and plant cover, zoo and mycological complexes inhabiting the object. Natural features of SPNA including geographical situation, geological structure, and relief were identified. An analysis of the planning organization of the territory, types of spatial structure, aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic properties, forest environment digression and pathological state of plantations was carried out. Based on the results of the comprehensive survey, it was recommended to assign the SPNA status of regional significance to this object - a natural park, the main functions of which should be the preservation of natural complexes and maintaining environmental balance in the city district of Voronezh.
Influence of various tree species on the properties of soils in the “Kamennaya Steppe”
Authors: Kramareva T N , Tikhonova E N , Gromovik A I , Gorbunova N S , Korolev V A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The influence of various tree species of forest plantations on the soil properties of the “Kamenno-Stepnoye Experimental Forestry” (Talovsky District, Voronezh Region, Russia) is considered. The aim of the study is to reveal the degree of transformation of the properties of chernozems under various perennial plantations, since forest reclamation is the most important measure to optimize the agroecological state of soils. The researchers note that different tree species have different effects on soil properties. However, this issue is still insufficiently studied and relevant. The research results showed the positive role of tree species on the structural and aggregate state of soils and their water-physical properties. It was found that tree species contribute to the optimization of soil density, humus and moisture reserves. It was revealed that the influence of different tree species on the agroecological state of chernozems is not the same. Thus, under larch (Larix siberica Ldb.) And maple (Acer platanoides L.), the maximum increase in the level of soil humus was observed, as well as a significant improvement in the physical and water-physical properties of soils. What makes this breed the most promising for use in soil protection of the steppe zone.
Features of the migration of heavy metals in the forest landscapes of the ’Kamennaya Steppe’
Authors: Kramareva T , Gorbunova N , Tikhonova E , Gromovik A , Kulikova E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article examines the influence of woody vegetation on the change in some soil properties. Numerous studies have confirmed the change in the water regime under forest belts. Such dynamics entails the transformation of morphological characteristics and the following basic soil properties: pH of the soil solution, carbon of organic compounds. The evolution of properties causes changes in the total content of heavy metals: nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and their exchange compounds. The features of the profile distribution of Ni, Pb and Cd in the chernozems of the forest belt have been studied. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Carbon of organic compounds - by titrimetric method, pH of soil solution - by potentiometric method. Wood species affect the profile distribution of heavy metals. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship in the profile distribution of carbon of organic compounds, pH, Ni, Pb. Variational analysis of spatial heterogeneity showed the differences in the studied indicators between arable land and forest belt. A decrease in the coefficient of variation from the forest belt to arable land is noted. The phenomenon is explained by plowing, mixing the soil mass and leveling out spatial differences in the content of carbon of organic compounds, pH, heavy metals.
Carbon sequestration in artificial forest stands of the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic
Authors: Kulakova E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The work was carried out in order to study the functions of carbon accumulation and oxygen release by biomass of artificial forests of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The study was carried out on the territory of the Kuban forestry. Plantings, both pure and mixed in composition, are grown under the same conditions for growing fresh oak forests, aged 48 to 63 years. The research is based on the method of comparison and analysis associated with the concept of multipurpose, rational, sustainable use of forest resources. Carbon stocks were estimated using an analytical method. The volumes of atmospheric carbon and carbon dioxide absorbed by forests, as well as the volume of oxygen released, have been calculated. The calculation results show that the maximum amount of carbon is absorbed by ordinary ash (931.9 t/ha) and English oak (476.7 t/ha). The minimum amount of carbon dioxide (158 t/ha) is absorbed by Siberian elm. This crop also emits the least amount of oxygen – 117.3 t/ha. Using test results can help estimate the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants and the amount of oxygen released.
Promising directions for the development of the forest sector in a sparsely wooded region
Authors: Avdeeva I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Most researchers of the problems and prospects of the forest sector focus their attention on issues related to the concept of sustainable development. Sparsely wooded regions of Russia face a lot of obstacles, which makes the search for promising directions for the development of the forest sector in these regions with an active role of state support urgent. The work investigates the forest sector of Kursk region: the main problems and trends observed in its forest sector are noted, the key features of its forest resources are discussed. The directions for the development of the forest sector in the region and the related tasks of state support are formulated. All proposals are based on an orientation towards stimulating the use of local wood raw materials in those types of regional industries that are least demanding on the quality of raw materials. The following is proposed: (a) development of elements of “forest-oriented” environmental legislation; (b) regulatory support of demand for local renewable energy sources through diversification of heat supply to social infrastructure facilities; (c) setting quotas for the share of local wood raw materials consumed by enterprises.
Efficiency evaluation of energy recovery in the bunk of a timber truck based on the results of simulation modelling
Authors: Posmetev V I , Nikonov V O , Posmetev V V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The main reasons restraining the efficiency of timber trucks (hauling tractors with semi-trailers) have been considered. A promising direction has been proposed making it possible to increase the efficiency of hauling tractors with semi-trailers. This direction consists in the development and study of a recuperative bunk device for a timber haulage site, installed on a logging tractor. The aim of the research consisted of two stages. At the first stage, a mathematical model for the functioning of the recuperative bunk device of the logging site, installed on a timber truck has been developed. At the second stage, a computer program for a preliminary assessment of the efficiency of the proposed recuperative system has been created. The time dependence of the current recuperative power when hauling tractor moves along an insufficiently equipped timber road has been obtained. The regularity of the influence of the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder of the recuperative bunk device on the average values of the recovered power has been revealed.
The distribution of bacteria Gibbsiella quercinecans and Brenneria goodwinii in oak (Quercus robur L.) stands in Latvia
Authors: Zalkalns O , Celma L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a complex plant disease affecting species of native oaks, for example, Quercus robur, in Latvia. Typical AOD symptoms are bark cracks with dark exudate. In other European region countries, like the United Kingdom, AOD is associated with bark insects, for example, Agrilus biguttatus. From the results of the forest survey, it can be concluded that in oak forest stands located in Latvia, there is practically no damage by the bark insect A. biguttatus, which may indicate the existence of another AOD spreading vector. In 2019, from one oak, which was positive for AOD in the spring, repeated stem bleed samples were taken in the autumn period, the laboratory analysis results of the repeated samplings were negative. These findings suggest that the activity of bacteria Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans are influenced by climatic conditions.
Study of the readiness of forestry enterprises to use digital technologies
Authors: Panyavina E , Morkovina S , Kulakova E , Alyabyeva M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The forestry system of the Russian Federation uses information and communication technologies in order to bring the necessary legal, regulatory, organizational information to the participants of forestry relations, stakeholders and the public. It is necessary to pay attention to improving the infrastructure for supporting information and communication technologies. In this regard, the results of an expert survey of representatives of forestry enterprises on the state of affairs and the level of technical readiness of the use of digital technologies in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests, afforestation (forest relations) are extremely important. Methodological recommendations were developed for the questioning of participants in forestry relations, allowing to assess the use of information and communication technologies in forestry. Based on the results of the study, the most relevant measures for the implementation were identified, and a conclusion was drawn up on the state of affairs and the level of technical readiness of the use of digital technologies in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests, afforestation (forest relations). The results obtained open up new areas of scientific research in the field of digital technologies application in the forestry complex.
Formation of pine wood density depending on the parameters of annual ring and latitudinal zoning
Authors: Kiseleva A V , Snegireva S N , Platonov A D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of changes in wood density depending on annual ring width and its characteristics. Density is a basic indicator for assessing operational and technical properties of wood. At the same time, density is characterized by certain variability within the same species, depending on annual ring characteristics, influenced by environmental factors, age of trees and position in the trunk. The purpose of this study is to establish the formation of density depending on annual ring width and late wood for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in the central European part of Russia. Density research was made using the specimens with one annual ring by the method of buoyancy. Absolute values of the annual ring of early and late wood were measured in cores. It was found that wood density is only influenced by late wood width in the annual ring, being under strict genetic control. In the southern taiga zone correlation between density and late wood width is varying between 0.49-0.66 and it is less than in the forest-steppe zone. The correlation of density with annual ring width in the southern taiga zone is 0.5. It is less than in the forest-steppe zone (0.57-0.81).
Study of the operation of the Mounty 4000 machine in logging in mountainous conditions in Bulgaria
Authors: Glushkov S , Boyadzhiev D , Popikov P I , Chetverikova I V , Abramov V V , Polukarov Yu D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the process of operation of the Mounty 4000 machine in mountain conditions. The main goal of the research is to establish production rates for harvesting when using Mounty 4000 machines in mountainous areas. The need for research in this direction is due to the lack of such data in the current regulations, as well as in the scientific literature. To study the operation of the Mounty 4000, a passive production experiment was carried out in the mountainous regions of Bulgaria. The obtained data on the rates of output and operating time of the Mounty 4000 allows you to make scientifically based decisions in the selection of effective technical means from a large number of alternatives for forest harvesting technologies in mountainous areas.
Effect of shading on the English oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings water regime
Authors: Popova A , Popova V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shading is a common urban stress in the city due to the light block from buildings. Oaks stands are found as part of park areas, forests and in point gardening in many large cities of the world. In this work we examined anatomical and physiological aspects of the adaptation of oak seedlings to the lack of light. To determine the intensity of transpiration, leaf hydration, and water deficiency, the weight indicators of the leaves were measured. Anatomically, the analysis of the leaf epidermis was carried out by microscopy of varnish prints. Changes were revealed in the anatomical structure of the leaf and were irreversible in the water regime undo shading. It was found the correlation between stomatal apparatus of the leaves and incoming solar radiation amount. With the optimal combination of hydrometeofactors, the evaporation rate in the heavily shaded leaves during the day did not exceed 15 ± 0.9 g/(m2h), which was 30…35% of the transpiration intensity in the well-lit control leaves. Then, shading by 80% reduced transpiration by 50…65 %. The influence of the degree of shading on the water regime of oak seedlings is shown for the first time at forest-steppe region.
Plant species selection and biomass nutrient content on post-mine sites of the Kursk magnetic anomaly, Russia
Authors: Treschevskaya E , Golyadkina’ I , Treschevskaya S , Kushnir E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article presents data on the assessment of the different tree and shrubs species for a reclamation of the hydraulic dump of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify highly productive tree and shrub species with the maximum content of nitrogen and ash elements in the biomass. The objects of research are protective plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L., Caragana arborescens L., Betula pendula L., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Pínus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L. Under the influence of different type of vegetation, the fertility of the dump substrates increases and the initial substrates gradually turns into soil. The rate of formation of primary soils depends on the biomass of plantations and the content of chemical elements in it. The article analyzes data on the content of the main chemical elements in different parts of plants aged 8-9 years. Trees and shrubs are arranged in sequential rows in terms of nitrogen accumulation, ash elements and overall biological productivity. The authors identified sea-buckthorn and robinia pseudoacacia, which, already at a young age, are characterized by high productivity (146.2 and 118.0 dt/ha) and have a positive effect on the fertility of the dump substrates.
Changing wood texture with combination of selective treatment and pressing
Authors: Shamaev V A , Medvedev I N , Parinov D A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural and anatomical models of alder wood have been developed on the basis of technical and physical models of wood. The models enable to solve the problem of penetrating changes in wood texture by combining selective treatment (impregnation) with two wood colouring agents in different directions of anisotropy, followed by uneven pressing. Specimens with the texture of mahogany, rosewood, walnut, etc have been obtained. Alder wood is pressed at an angle of 45° to the radial direction to obtain the texture of mahogany, at an angle of 90° – for a texture of rosewood. At the same time, physical and mechanical properties of modified wood correspond to similar indicators of wood of these species. The study of macro-and microstructure of pressed wood suggests that texture of the obtained material corresponds to the texture of rosewood and mahogany. It is possible to imitate any species of valuable wood using the obtained structural models and the developed techniques.
Modeling of operating modes of woodworking equipment
Authors: Zaikin A , Zelikov V , Merkelov V , Sivakov V 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effective use of the production capabilities of logging and woodworking equipment largely depends on the compliance of their design features and work organization parameters in specific production and technical conditions. This is achieved in the process of technological calculations with the determination of the optimal modes of their functioning. The paper proposes a methodology and results of modeling on analytical models when sawing logs. The proposed method consists in the fact that in order to maintain stocks at the calculated level, eliminate downtime of machines with the highest productivity in operations with a lower productivity, the duration of their operation is increased by the time calculated for specific conditions. As a result of the work, the analysis of methods and models of timber inventory management was carried out. The main features of woodworking production and its technological process are given. It has been established that the technological process is a production line of mixed aggregation with flexible connections.