bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physics of Detonation Chemistry: A Radical Theory in Predicting the Deflagration to Detonation Transition and Environmental Explosions
Authors: Kumar V.R. Sanal , Chandrasekaran Nichith , Sankar Vigneshwaran , Sukumaran Ajith , Mani Sivabalan , kumar Tharikaa Ramesh , Padmanabhan Sathyan , Saravanan Vignesh , Natarajan Vishnu , Doddi Hema Sai Nagaraju , Nejaamtheen Mohammed Niyasdeen , Rafic Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed , Baskaran Roshan Vignesh , Murugesh Pavithra , Mariappan Amrith , U.K Thianesh , moorthi Anand , Elumalai Mohan , Pavalavanni Pradeep Kumar , Bharath Rajaghatta Sundararam , Oommen Charlie , Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Choudhary Shiv Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The theoretical finding of the Sanal-flow-choking [PMCID: PMC7267099] and streamtube flow choking (V.R.Sanal Kumar et al., Physics of Fluids, Vol.33, No.3, 2021, DOI: 10.1063/5.0040440) are methodological advancements in predicting the deflagration-to-detonation-transition (DDT) in the real-world-fluid flows (continuum/non-continuum) with credibility.[1,2] Herein, we provide a proof of the concept of the Sanal-flow-choking and streamtube-flow-choking causing DDT in wall-bounded and free-external flows. Once the streamlines compacted, the considerable pressure difference attains inside the streamtube and the flow gets accelerated to the constricted region for satisfying the continuity condition set by the conservation law of nature. If the shape of the streamtube in the internal/external flow is similar to the convergent-divergent (CD) duct the phenomenon of the Sanal-flow-choking and supersonic flow development occurs at a critical-total-to-static pressure ratio (CPR) in yocto to yotta scale systems and beyond, which leads to shock wave generation or detonation as the case may me. At the lower critical detonation or hemorrhage index, the CPR of the reacting flow and the critical blood-pressure-ratio (BPR) of the subjects (human being/animal) are unique functions of the heat-capacity-ratio (HCR) of the evolved gas in the CD duct (V.R.Sanal Kumar et al., Global Challenges, Wiley Publication, January 2021, DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000076, PMCID: PMC7933821; Sanal Kumar V.R et al. Stroke, Vol. 52, Issue Suppl_11 March 2021, doi.org/10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.P804). In silico results are presented herein to establish the proof of the concept of the Sanal-flow-choking and streamtube-flow-choking causing shock-wave/detonation in diabatic flow systems and asymptomatic-hemorrhagic-stroke in biological systems. The physics of detonation chemistry presented herein sheds light for exploring environmental and supernova explosions.[107] In silico results reported herein provide an authentic answer to many unresolved research questions in Physics in general and aerospace, mechanical, biological, chemical, energy, environmental, nano and material sciences in particular.
An update on the Duffy blood group system
Authors: Meny G.M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the Duffy (FY) blood group system (Meny GM. The Duffy blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:51–6) includes additional variants to the Duffy system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 8; five antigens) identified through molecular studies. The most interesting clinical updates, however, include further evaluation of the roles of the Duffy glycoprotein, also known as the atypical chemokine receptor 1, in malaria and hematopoiesis. The transition to understanding the important role of blood group antigens in homeostasis and disease continues.
Modification in energy and productivity of high-temperature variable pressure humidification–compression
Authors: Abedi Marzieh , Ghalavand Younes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the important approaches in thermal desalination processes is consumed energy reduction. To achieve this aim, three arrangements of humidification–compression (HC) processes are designed. Two single-stage processes and one double-stage HC process are designed and their performances are compared based on desalinated water production, gained output ratio (GOR) and power consumption. An attempt is made to reduce the power consumption and improve the system performance. All three processes are simulated to examine the effect of operation parameters on HC performance. To validate these simulations, the theoretical results are compared with an experimental rig with a humidifier column of 1.5 m height. The results indicate that the simulation values conform to the experimental data. The effect of minimum approach temperature (ΔTmin) on system performance is investigated for three processes subject to constant operating conditions (feed temperature, water mass flow, air mass flow, and pressure ratio). For this purpose, four values of ΔTmin are considered (7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 °C) for heat exchanger operations. The results indicate that an increase in ΔTmin in all three cases increases desalinated water volume and GOR. Also, the double-stage HC system has higher water production rate (66.08 kg/h) and higher GOR (17.19) compared with its counterparts.
Understanding the coagulation mechanism and floc properties induced by Fe(VI) and FeCl3: population balance modeling
Authors: Liu Xinliang , Yin Hailiang , Zhao Jian , Guo Ziqi , Liu Zhen , Sang Yizhou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coagulation kinetics and floc properties are of great fundamental and practical importance in the field of water treatment. To investigate the performance of Fe(VI) and Fe(III) salt on particle coagulation, Malvern Mastersizer 2000 was employed to continuously and simultaneously monitor the kaolin floc size and structure change, and population balance modeling was used to investigate the coagulation mechanism. The results show dosage increase had positive effect on collision efficiency and floc strength and negative effect on restructure rate. Low shear rate resulted in higher collision efficiency and stronger floc. Low water temperature had a pronounced detrimental effect on coagulation kinetics. Temperature increase showed the most significant positive effect on collision efficiency, floc strength and restructure rate. The optimum pH zone for the coagulation was found to be between 6 and 8. Further pH increase lowered the collision efficiency and floc strength and increased the restructure rate. FeCl3 resulted in a larger ratio of the mass to volume of kaolin flocs (compactness) than those induced by ferrate.
Review of the hydraulic capacity of urban grate inlet: a global and Latin American perspective
Authors: Cárdenas-Quintero M. , Carvajal-Serna F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The most recent numerical models of urban drainage allow the integration of runoff from roads with the network of sewer pipes, thus evolving towards a holistic version of the system. A fundamental part of this integration is the capture of stormwater in urban drain inlets. These studies have recently increased, resulting in different methodologies to represent the uptake process and making it difficult to apply unified or general formulations. Therefore, this document intends to be a review of the most representative experimental and numerical studies on the capture of rainwater through grates. In addition, the review includes the proposed methodologies for estimating the flow captured by urban storm drains to define a starting point for new and complementary studies to be carried out by researchers, manufacturers, and operators involved in public drainage service systems. Particularly in Latin America, research on the subject is limited even though it is a highly urbanized region. In this context, this document has an additional interest in presenting a particular analysis of the concept of urban drainage in Latin American cities.
Physical Characterisation and Stability Study of Formulated Chromolaena
odorata Gel
Authors: Hamid Khuriah Abdul , Zamram Qurratul Ain Zakirah Mohd , Mohsin Hannis Fadzillah , Mohamad Mashani , Nor Hazalin Nurul Aqmar Mohamad 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Formulation of topical products for skin delivery that fulfill good formulation
criteria has always been a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists. Despite the challenges, gelbased
drug delivery offers some advantages such that it is non-invasive, painless, involves avoidance
of the first-pass metabolism, and has satisfactory patient compliance.

Objectives:
In this study, C. odorata gel and quercetin gel (bioactive flavonoid compound) were
successfully formulated and compared with placebo and conventional wound aid gel. The chromatographic
profiling was conducted to screen the presence of phytoconstituents. Subsequently, all
formulated gels were evaluated for physical characteristics and stability.

Methods:
Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) of C. odorata
methanolic leaves extract showed a distinct compound separation at a retention time of 8.4min to
34.8 min at 254nm. All gels were characterised by evaluating their rheological properties, including
storage modulus, loss modulus, and plastic viscosity. Besides, texture analysis was performed
to measure the firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity index of the gels.

Results:
According to the results, C. odorata gel demonstrated better spreadability as compared to
the other gels, which required less work and was found to be favourable for application on the skin.
Moreover, C. odorata gel showed no changes in organoleptic properties and proven to be stable after
30 days of accelerated stability study at 40°C ± 2°C with Relative Humidity (RH) of 75% ± 5%.

Conclusion:
C. odorata gel was found to be stable, reflecting the combination of materials used in
the formulation, which did not degrade throughout the study. This work suggests the potential of
this gel as a vehicle to deliver the active ingredients of C. odorata to the skin, which can be further
explored as a topical application for antimicrobial wound management or other skin diseases study.
Probiotics/Prebiotics in Viral Respiratory Infections: Implication for Emerging Pathogens
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Tajbakhsh Amir , Gheibihayat Seyed M. , Moattari Afagh , Razban Vahid , Berenjian Aydin , Savardashtaki Amir , Negahdaripour Manica 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Viral respiratory infections could result in perturbation of the gut microbiota
due to a probable cross-talk between lungs and gut microbiota. This can affect pulmonary
health and the gastrointestinal system.

Objective:
This review aimed to discuss the impact of probiotics/prebiotics and supplements
on the prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, especially emerging pathogens.

Methods:
The data were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and
The Lens-Patent using keywords of probiotics and viral respiratory infections in the title, abstract,
and keywords.

Result:
Probiotics consumption could decrease the susceptibility to viral respiratory infections,
such as COVID-19 and simultaneously enhance vaccine efficiency in infectious disease
prevention through the immune system enhancement. Probiotics improve the gut microbiota
and the immune system via regulating the innate system response and production of anti-inflammatory
cytokines. Moreover, treatment with probiotics contributes to intestinal homeostasis
restitution under antibiotic pressure and decreasing the risk of secondary infections due to
viral respiratory infections. Probiotics present varied performances in different conditions;
thus, promoting their efficacy through combining with supplements (prebiotics, postbiotics,
nutraceuticals, berberine, curcumin, lactoferrin, minerals, and vitamins) is important. Several
supplements reported to enhance the probiotics’ efficacy and their mechanisms as well as probiotics-
related patents are summarized in this review. Using nanotechnology and microencapsulation
techniques can also improve probiotics’ efficiency.

Conclusion:
Given the global challenge of COVID-19, probiotic/prebiotic and following nutritional
guidelines should be regarded seriously. Additionally, their role as an adjuvant in vaccination
for immune response augmentation needs attention.
Factors Predicting Parent Participation in Caring for Hospitalized Children with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Sanyod Vatinee , Pothiban Linchong , Mesukko Jutarat , Niyomkar Srimana 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Being hospitalized with chronic disease is a stressful situation for most children that can be affect their well-being. Parent participation in child care is required for getting a better outcome.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify factors predicting parent participation in caring for hospitalized children with chronic diseases.

Methods:
In this study, the participants consisted of 234 parents of hospitalized children with chronic diseases and 125 nurses who cared for the children in four tertiary hospitals in central Thailand. Self-reported questionnaires were used in data collection. Data were analyzed using a descriptive statistic, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and ordinal regression.

Results:
The results revealed that parent participation in caring for hospitalized children with chronic diseases had a statistically significant positive relationship with perceived self-efficacy in caring for hospitalized child, information support from health care providers, and communication between parents and nurse (r = .39, .34, and .39 p < .01, respectively). Using ordinal regression analysis, the parents’ perceived self-efficacy in caring for their child was the only predictor of parent participation in caring for hospitalized children with chronic diseases, accounting for 72.65%.

Conclusion:
Parents’ perceived self-efficacy in child care was the only predictor with a strong influence on parent participation in child care. This can be used as preliminary data for developing an effective intervention program for enhancing parent participation that would result in better health and quality of life for those children.
Penyesuaian Dosis Obat pada Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Tegal, Indonesia
Authors: Andriani Santi , Rahmawati Fita , Andayani Tri Murti 
Published: April 2021

Pemberian obat dengan dosis sesuai pada pasien Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD ) penting dilakukan, salah satunya untuk memastikan luaran terapi obat yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara dose adjustment obat dan luaran terapi serta efisiensi biaya terapi obat dengan adanya dose adjustment pada pasien rawat inap dengan CKD.Jenis penelitian ini observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Sebanyak 200 rekam medis pasien rawat inap dengan CKD periode Januari – Desember 2017 di RSUD dr. Soeselo dan RSUD Suradadi Kabupaten Tegal dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Dose adjustment dihitung berdasarkan fungsi ginjal pasien, yang diestimasikan dengan laju filtrasi glomerular menggunakan formula Cockcroft-Gault. Hubungan antara dose adjustment obat dan luaran terapi menggunakan analisis Chi-square.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 1882 obat yang diresepkan, 338 (17,93%) obat memerlukan dose adjustment pada pasien CKD. Dari obat tersebut, 175 (51,78%) obat diberikan dengan dose adjustment, sejumlah 118 (67,43%) obat menghasilkan luaran terapi membaik , 23 (15,52%) obat tidak membaik dan 34 (19,43%) obat tidak dapat dievaluasi. Sedangkan dari 163 obat tanpa dose adjustment, 103 (63,19%) obat menghasilkan luaran terapi membaik dan 40 (24,54%) obat tidak membaik dan 20 (12,27%) obat tidak dapat dievaluasi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dose adjustment dengan luaran terapi obat pada pasien rawat inap dengan CKD (OR 1,922, 95% CI = 1,119-3,548, p= 0,018). Efisiensi biaya yang dapat dihasilkan dengan adanya dose adjusment pada penelitian ini sebesar Rp. 1.620.588,00.
Penurunan Laktat Dehidrogenase Plasmodium falciparum strain D10 pada pemberian Fraksi Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley)
Authors: Syarif Rul Afiyah , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Mustofa Mustofa , Ngatidjan Ngatidjan 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa fraksi ke-6 (F6) merupakan fraksi aktif (F-akt) daun Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray yang menghambat pertumbuhan Plasmodium. Pertumbuhan parasit ini memerlukan energi yang diperoleh dari aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase (LDH). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aktivitas antiplasmodium fraksi aktif T. diversifolia terhadap kadar LDH kultur P. falciparum. Kultur Plasmodium falciparum strain D10 stadium cincin dibagi menjadi kelompok eritrosit tidak terinfeksi (KTI), eritrosit terinfeksi (KI), dan eritrosit terinfeksi Plasmodium yang diberi F6 (F-akt) T. diversifolia (KI+F-akt) konsentrasi 9,38-150 µg/mL. Kultur diinkubasi 48 jam. Media kultur diukur kadar LDH-nya secara enzimatik. Adanya perbedaan LDH antar kelompok dianalisa dengan Anova. Penghambatan aktivitas LDH (IC50) ditetapkan dengan analisa probit. Kadar LDH kelompok KI (362,33 ± 133,18 U/L) lebih tinggi daripada KTI (270,33 ± 65,85 U/L) (p>0,05). Pemberian F-akt pada KI menyebabkan kadar LDH parasit lebih rendah daripada KI. Kadar LDH parasit yang diberi F-akt konsentrasi 9,38; 18,75; 37,50; dan 150 µg/mL secara berturut-turut adalah 365,5 ± 129,5; 210,5 ± 1,5; 195,5 ± 81,5; dan 111,5 ± 53,5 U/L. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar LDH antar kelompok penelitian (p>0,05). F-akt T. diversifolia mampu menghambat LDH P. falciparum strain D10 dengan nilai IC50 = 39,22 µg/mL.Kata kunci: Tithonia diversifolia, laktat dehidrogenase, Plasmodium falciparum
Pengaruh kombinasi Superdisintegrant Crospovidone dan Croscarmellose Sodium pada sifat fisik dan disolusi Fast Disintegrating Tablet Hidroklorotiazid
Authors: Farahiyah Dewi , Syaifullah Sulaiman Teuku Nanda 
Published: April 2021

Hidroklorotiazid (HCT) merupakan obat lini pertama untuk penanganan hipertensi. HCT memiliki kelemahan terkait bioavailabilitasnya yang rendah dan umumnya tersedia dalam bentuk sediaan tablet konvensional sehingga dapat menimbulkan masalah tersendiri bagi pasien yang tidak mampu menelan tablet. Fast disintegrating tablet (FDT) HCT merupakan tablet yang dapat terdisintegrasi dan terdisolusi dengan cepat di dalam mulut yang memungkinkan obat dapat diabsorpsi di daerah pregastric sehingga meningkatkan bioavailabilitas obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula FDT HCT yang menghasilkan sifat fisik optimum dengan kombinasi superdisintegrant crospovidone (CP) dan croscarmellose sodium (CCS). FDT HCT diformulasikan menggunakan kombinasi superdisintegrant CP:CCS pada rentang konsentrasi CP 2-6% dan CCS 1-5%. FDT dibuat dengan metode kempa langsung. Tablet FDT yang dihasilkan, dilakukan uji sifat fisik tablet yaitu kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu disintegrasi, waktu pembasahan, rasio absorpsi air, dan uji disolusi. Data diolah dengan metode simplex lattice design menggunakan software Design Expert® untuk memprediksi formula optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CP berpengaruh signifikan dalam mempercepat waktu pembasahan, waktu disintegrasi, dan disolusi tablet, sedangkan CCS berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan kekerasan, meningkatkan kerapuhan dan rasio absorpsi air.
Evaluation of Cocoa Agribusiness in South Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Nambela Junita Br. , Rouw Aser , Sipi Surianto 
Published: April 2021

South Manokwari has triumphed with cocoa since 1980 but that glory has faded in recent years. Recently, this regency is faced with various problems for the development of cocoa agribusiness. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current cocoa-based business in South Manokwari. This research was conductedin three districts in South Manokwari namely Oransbari, Ransiki, and Momi Waren. The study was conducted using the purposive random sampling technique on 119 respondents. The distribution of respondents in the three districts was: Oransbari 44 respondents; Ransiki 42 respondents; and Momi Waren 33 respondents. Basedon the study results, it was known that the average plantation ownership by the farmers was 1.09 ha. Ninety nine percent of farmers were still in productive age (15-65 years). The level of education was still low with 67.13% of farmers had no formal education or did not finish elementary school. Cultivation practices thatmust be improved included pruning (74.71%), fertilization (95.89%), pest and disease control (55.16%), and waste utilization (82.07%). The cocoa beans’ average production was in the range of 71.67–173.33 kg dry beans or 21.67–1000 kg fresh beans per ha harvested from 1,574 ha of farmers’ cocoa land in South Manokwari. Meanwhile, the average prices for cocoa beans were USD 0.24–USD 0.36/kg for the fresh beans and USD 1.20–USD 2.23/kg for the dried beans.
Az Alföld metamorf aljzata: a köztes tömegtől a tarka mozaikig
Authors: M.Tóth Tivadar , Fiser-Nagy Ágnes , Kondor Henrietta , Molnár László , Schubert Félix , Vargáné Tóth Ilona , Zachar Judit 
Published: April 2021

A hozzáférhető fúrómaganyag mennyiségének növekedésével, valamint a kőzettani módszerek fejlődésével párhuzamosan az elmúlt évtizedekben alapvetően megváltozott a modellünk az Alföld metamorf képződményekből álló medencealjzatáról. A korábbi egyveretű, statikus aljzat kép helyét egy nagyon eltérő metamorf fejlődéstörténetű egységekből álló, tarka mozaik vette át. Ez a kőzettani sokszínűség az 1960-as évekig feltételezett merev, „köztes tömeg” elképzeléssel szemben a variszkuszi orogenezis óta a szerkezeti mozgásokban aktív szerepet játszó metamorf litoszféra dinamikájának eredményeként alakulhatott ki. Dolgozatunkban nyolc aljzati mintaterületen mutatjuk be a felépítő fő metamorf képződményeket, azok evolúcióját, valamint térbeli kapcsolatrendszerüket. A vizsgált területek Jánoshalma, Kiskunhalas-Tázlár, Szank, Csólyospálos-Kömpöc, Szeghalom, Mezősas-Furta, Dorozsma és Algyő. A kőzetblokkok térbeli helyzetének rekonstrukciója során a részletes petrológiai elemzés mellett négy esetben lyukgeofizikai információt is integráltunk a modellekbe.
Az eredmények alapján az Alföld metamorf aljzatát a vizsgált területeken különböző szerkezeti mintázatok jellemzik. Kiskunhalason alsó szerkezeti helyzetű ortogneisz-domináns egység fölött széles, különböző kiindulási kőzettípusok deformációjával keletkezett milonitzóna, majd azt követően kis metamorf fokú fillit következik. Az eltérő fejlődésű egységeket elválasztó képlékeny nyírási zóna lapos szögű, közel északi dőlésű. A Szank, a Szeghalom, valamint a Mezősas-Furta területeket három, eltérő metamorf P-T (nyomás-hőmérséklet) fejlődést mutató egység építi fel, melyeket töréses deformációval jellemzett kataklázit zónák választanak el egymástól. Ezek a DNy-i dőlésű nyírási zónák feltételezhetően az alpi takarórendszer valamely egységéhez tartoznak. Szintén kréta korú feltolódásként értelmezzük a Dorozsma területen felismert aljzati blokkokat elválasztó széles kataklázit zónát. Itt, valamint a szomszédos Algyő területen ezt a felépítést felülírják a medence harmadidőszaki keletkezésével szinkron metamorf magkomplexum kialakulásához köthető szerkezetek. Mindezek komplex eredményeként jelenleg inkompatibilis metamorf fejlődésű egységek alkotják az Alföld déli részének metamorf aljzatát.
A különböző mintaterületeken azonosított szerkezeti mintázatok megfelelő alapot biztosítanak az Alföld metamorf aljzatának litosztratigráfiai újragondolása során is. Így az egyes, litológiailag önmagukban is rendkívül heterogén egységeket (komplexumokat) célszerű ezen mintázatok alapján definiálni és lehatárolni.