bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assistive devices for the people with disabilities enabled by triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Qu Xuecheng , Liu Ying , Liu Zhuo , Li Zhou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
According to data released by the World Health Organization, more than one billion people in the world experience some form of disability, in which they face all kinds of inconveniences. As a practical tool to help people with disabilities participate in social life, assistive devices for the people with disabilities play an important role in their daily lives. As an effective electromechanical signal conversion technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been successfully applied to various types of biosensors. This review aims to provide an overview of the development of assistive devices for the people with disabilities based on TENG with five categories: hearing, vision, pronunciation, gustation and limb/joint, according to the classification method of the impaired part. Meanwhile, a human–computer interaction system for the people with disabilities is also investigated. Finally, the prospect and potential challenges of this new field are discussed.
Burst mode in a cooled packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor for CO2 splitting
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Authors: Santoso Jesse , Zhu Mingming , Zhang Dongke 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The so called ‘burst mode’, a rapidly pulsed power regime for dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) has previously been reported to greatly improve the performance of an uncooled and unpacked DBD reactor for CO2 splitting. Here we explore the interaction between a DBD in burst mode and each of active cooling and a dielectric packing material (1.0–1.2 mm glass beads) in a coaxial, metal-dielectric DBD reactor for CO2 splitting. The effect of burst mode on CO2 conversion and energy efficiency under different combinations of cooling and packing were investigated and compared with those under continuous wave mode operation. The burst mode operation showed similar CO2 conversion and energy efficiency to continuous wave mode in the unpacked and uncooled configuration under the conditions investigated in this study. However, burst mode significantly outperformed continuous wave mode in the packed and uncooled configuration. When active cooling was employed, burst mode was found to provide only minor benefit or no benefit, depending on specific energy input (SEI), compared to continuous wave mode for each the packed and unpacked configurations. Maximum conversion and energy efficiency were achieved with both packing and active cooling across all SEI examined, and performance in this configuration was found to be relatively insensitive to the power delivery mode.
José María Torres Caicedo and the Politics of International Law in Nineteenth-Century Latin America
Authors: Mantilla Blanco Sebastián 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The mid-nineteenth century was the formative period of doctrines that dominated international law debates in Latin America until well into the twentieth century. José María Torres Caicedo (1830–89) is one of the least-known international law scholars from those years. Torres Caicedo’s vast experience as a diplomat provided him with a sharp political instinct, which nurtured his academic work about international legal affairs. A look into his writings exposes the politics behind present-day principles, such as sovereign equality and non-intervention. It also reveals the stance of Latin American intellectuals with regard to the Eurocentric notion of the ‘civilized State’. In the field of the law of aliens, Torres was a major influence in the development of the Calvo Doctrine. His contributions to international law are all the more relevant, as historians place Torres as one of the first authors designating Central and South America as ‘Latin America’. This term was closely intertwined with Torres Caicedo’s views on foreign policy and international law.
Internment of Enemy Aliens during the World Wars
Authors: Galvis Martínez Manuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article offers a historical approach to one of the most understudied areas of international humanitarian law by focusing on the successes and shortfalls of the two international armed conflicts with the highest numbers of civilians interned in global history. Through the study of State practice during Word War I and Word War II, the author addresses the causes and justifications that led to massive internment of enemy aliens, the practical determination of the need of those measures, and the role of ethnicity for internment. Lessons drawn from those experiences not only clarify and humanize abstract legal provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions but also warn about harmful deviations from the intended purpose of those norms for future cases.
Deep learning model reveals potential risk genes for ADHD, especially Ephrin receptor gene EPHA5
Authors: Liu Lu , Feng Xikang , Li Haimei , Cheng Li Shuai , Qian Qiujin , Wang Yufeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identify the risk ADHD-associated variants and genes with significant P-values, they may neglect the combined effect of multiple variants with insignificant P-values. Here, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify 1033 individuals diagnosed with ADHD from 950 healthy controls according to their genomic data. The model takes the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci of P-values $\le{1\times 10^{-3}}$, i.e. 764 loci, as inputs, and achieved an accuracy of 0.9018, AUC of 0.9570, sensitivity of 0.8980 and specificity of 0.9055. By incorporating the saliency analysis for the deep learning network, a total of 96 candidate genes were found, of which 14 genes have been reported in previous ADHD-related studies. Furthermore, joint Gene Ontology enrichment and expression Quantitative Trait Loci analysis identified a potential risk gene for ADHD, EPHA5 with a variant of rs4860671. Overall, our CNN deep learning model exhibited a high accuracy for ADHD classification and demonstrated that the deep learning model could capture variants’ combining effect with insignificant P-value, while GWAS fails. To our best knowledge, our model is the first deep learning method for the classification of ADHD with SNPs data.
Bathometer: lightning fast depth-of-reads query
Authors: Stenzel U , Horn S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
The query for the number of reads overlapping a given region is a common step in the analysis of Illumina sequencing data. Sometimes, these queries are not conveniently precomputable. It seems beneficial to make this kind of arbitrary query as fast and convenient as possible.

Results
We present Bathometer, a tool that indexes BAM files in a space efficient way, which allows ad hoc queries for the number of reads overlapping any given genomic region to be answered much more quickly than by counting with common tools such as Samtools, while incurring much less disk I/O.

Availabilityand implementation
Bathometer is implemented in C, licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3+ and freely downloadable from Bitbucket (https://bitbucket.org/ustenzel/bathometer)

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
eCOMPASS: evaluative comparison of multiple protein alignments by statistical score
Authors: Neuwald Andrew F , Kolaczkowski Bryan D , Altschul Stephen F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMotivationDetecting subtle biologically relevant patterns in protein sequences often requires the construction of a large and accurate multiple sequence alignment (MSA). Methods for constructing MSAs are usually evaluated using benchmark alignments, which, however, typically contain very few sequences and are therefore inappropriate when dealing with large numbers of proteins.ResultseCOMPASS addresses this problem using a statistical measure of relative alignment quality based on direct coupling analysis (DCA): to maintain protein structural integrity over evolutionary time, substitutions at one residue position typically result in compensating substitutions at other positions. eCOMPASS computes the statistical significance of the congruence between high scoring directly coupled pairs and 3D contacts in corresponding structures, which depends upon properly aligned homologous residues. We illustrate eCOMPASS using both simulated and real MSAs.Availability and implementationThe eCOMPASS executable, C++ open source code and input data sets are available at https://www.igs.umaryland.edu/labs/neuwald/software/compassSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Comparison of the dento-skeletal effects produced by Leaf expander versus rapid maxillary expander in prepubertal patients: a two-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Giuntini Veronica , Lione Roberta , Nieri Michele , Barone Valeria , Merlo Matilde Marino , Mazza Francesca , Passaleva Stefano , Cozza Paola , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Objective
This study aimed to compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects produced by slow maxillary expansion (SME) with the Leaf expander versus the conventional rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on digital dental casts, lateral and postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs.

Trial design
This is a superiority, two-center, two arms parallel balanced randomization trial.

Methods
Patients in the mixed dentition were included with a transverse interarch discrepancy of at least 3 mm. An expansion screw using moderate continuous forces (Leaf group) was compared to a conventional RME screw (RME group). The primary response variable was the difference in maxillary intermolar width (U6-U6) measured at baseline (T0) and one-year follow-up (T1) on the digital dental casts. Other dento-skeletal variables were also measured on digital dental casts and cephalograms. Computer-generated block randomization was used with allocation concealed in sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes. The examiner was blinded on the type of expander used. Linear models were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Twenty-eight patients in the Leaf group and 28 patients in the RME group were randomized and included in the study. There were no dropouts. U6-U6 did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (−0.4 mm in favor of the RME group, 95% CI from −1.2 to 0.5, P = 0.365). As for the other secondary variables no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups except maxillary intercanine width (U3-U3, −0.9 mm in favor of the RME group, 95%CI from −1.5 to −0.3, P = 0.005) and maxillary skeletal width (Mx-Mx, −1.4 mm in favor of the RME group, 95%CI from −2.4 to −0.3, P = 0.013).

Conclusions
No significant differences between the RME and Leaf groups were detected for any of the analyzed dento-skeletal variables except the T1-T0 differences in U3-U3 and Mx-Mx that were significantly greater in the RME group.

Registration
The study was registered in the ISRCTN register on 08/11/2016 with the number ISRCTN18263886.

Funding
No funding or conflict of interest to be declared.
Hölder Continuity of the Minimizer of an Obstacle Problem with Generalized Orlicz Growth
Authors: Karppinen Arttu , Lee Mikyoung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We prove local $C^{0,\alpha }$- and $C^{1,\alpha }$-regularity for the local solution to an obstacle problem with nonstandard growth. These results cover as special cases standard, variable exponent, double phase, and Orlicz growth.
The unintended consequences of increasing returns to scale in geographical economics
Authors: Bond-Smith Steven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increasing returns to scale is the basis for many powerful results in economics and economic geography. But the limitations of assumptions about returns to scale in economic growth theories are often ignored when applied to geography. This leads to an unintentional bias favoring scale and mistaken conclusions about geography, scale and growth. Alternatively, this bias is used as a convenient modeling trick by urban economists to describe agglomeration economies for innovation without examining the spatial mechanisms that actually create agglomeration economies. I discuss techniques to focus on the distinctly geographic mechanisms that define returns to scale at appropriate spatial scales.
Subclausal Local Contexts
Authors: Anvari Amir , Blumberg Kyle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the central topics in semantic theory over the last few decades concerns the nature of local contexts. Recently, theorists have tried to develop general, non-stipulative accounts of local contexts (Ingason, 2016; Mandelkern & Romoli, 2017a; Schlenker, 2009). In this paper, we contribute to this literature by drawing attention to the local contexts of subclausal expressions. More specifically, we focus on the local contexts of quantificational determiners, e.g. ‘all’, ‘both’, etc. Our central tool for probing the local contexts of subclausal elements is the principle Maximize Presupposition! (Percus, 2006; Singh, 2011). The empirical basis of our investigation concerns some data discussed by Anvari (2018b), e.g. the fact that sentences such as ‘All of the two presidential candidates are crooked’ are unacceptable. In order to explain this, we suggest that the local context of determiners needs to contain the information carried by their restrictor. However, no existing non-stipulative account predicts this. Consequently, we think that the local contexts of subclausal expressions will likely have to be stipulated. This result has important consequences for debates in semantics and pragmatics, e.g. those around the so-called “explanatory problem” for dynamic semantics (Heim, 1990; Schlenker, 2009; Soames, 1982).
Malakoplakia mimicking a locally advanced colorectal neoplasm
Authors: Irarrázaval-Mainguyague María J , Cabreras Manuel , Oksenberg Sebastián , Pulgar María A , Rojas Francisco , Álvarez Manuel , Quezada-Diaz Felipe F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Malakoplakia is a rare disease. Clinical presentation is non-specific, making its diagnosis an incidental finding on histopathological analysis. The aim of this case report is to describe a patient diagnosed with colon, renal and soft tissue malacoplakia mimicking a locally advanced colorectal cancer.
A 75-year-old man was admitted due to intense abdominal pain. No relevant findings at the physical examination. Computed tomography showed parietal thickening of the descending colon with left kidney, iliopsoas muscle and retroperitoneum involvement. An elevated blood serum creatinine, elevated glycated hemoglobin and urinary infection were detected. Surgery was decided for suspicious symptomatic colonic neoplasm. Left segmental colectomy with left partial nephrectomy and retroperitoneal soft tissue resection was performed. Pathology report was compatible with malakoplakia.
Malakoplakia is a rare disease and may affect multiple organs. Because there are no clinical-specific findings, diagnosis is usually made with histopathological study of the surgical specimen.
Identifying Glucocorticoid Insufficiency in Silent Corticotroph Adenoma with Elevated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Authors: Schlegel Amnon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA) is as an aggressive pituitary tumor. A 48 year old man developed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. The basal morning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was elevated, but the basal morning and peak after ACTH (1–24) stimulation cortisol were normal. A 3.7 cm sellar mass with evidence of internal hemorrhage, encasement of the right internal carotid artery, and invasion of the right cavernous sinus were identified, resected, and stained positive for ACTH. Over the next 5 years, the basal morning ACTH and cortisol were normal, and imaging revealed the presence of a small residual tumor. One year later, the patient became fatigued and nauseated, with elevated ACTH. An overnight metyrapone stimulation test (OMST) revealed glucocorticoid insufficiency, without further increase in ACTH. Symptoms resolved with hydrocortisone treatment. This case study suggests that SCA can secrete an ACTH precursor that is detected by clinical assays but is not active biologically. Postoperative OMST reveals glucocorticoid insufficiency in this context.
Kepler K2 Campaign 9 – I. Candidate short-duration events from the first space-based survey for planetary microlensing
Authors: McDonald I , Kerins E , Poleski R , Penny M T , Specht D , Mao S , Fouqué P , Zhu W , Zang W 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the first short-duration candidate microlensing events from the Kepler K2 mission. From late April to early July 2016, Campaign 9 of K2 obtained high temporal cadence observations over a 3.7 deg2 region of the Galactic bulge. Its primary objectives were to look for evidence of a free-floating planet (FFP) population using microlensing, and demonstrate the feasibility of space-based planetary microlensing surveys. Though Kepler K2 is far from optimal for microlensing, the recently developed mcpm photometric pipeline enables us to identify and model microlensing events. We describe our blind event-selection pipeline in detail and use it to recover 22 short-duration events with effective time-scales teff &lt; 10 d previously announced by the OGLE and KMTNet ground-based surveys. We also announce five new candidate events. One of these is a caustic-crossing binary event, modelled in a companion study. The other four have very short durations (teff &lt; 0.1 d) typical of an Earth-mass FFP population. Whilst Kepler was not designed for crowded-field photometry, the K2C9 data set clearly demonstrates the feasibility of conducting blind space-based microlensing surveys towards the Galactic bulge.
A Novel Dosing Strategy of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in a Patient Receiving Intermittent Hemodialysis
Authors: Shah Sunish , Nicolau David P , McManus Dayna , Topal Jeffrey E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We describe the case of a 54-year-old male receiving intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) who was found to have Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia secondary to osteomyelitis of the calcaneus bone. The patient was clinically cured without recurrence using a ceftolozane/tazobactam (CTZ) dosing strategy of 100/50 mg every 8 hours (standard dosing) and 1000/500 mg thrice weekly following iHD. Utilizing a susceptibility breakpoint of ≤4 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa, the T &gt; MIC for standard dosing and the 1000/500-mg thrice-weekly following iHD regimen were calculated to be 92.7% and 94.1%, respectively. Ceftolozane total body clearance for the standard q 8 h dosing and the 1000/500-mg thrice-weekly following iHD regimen were calculated to be 0.196 L/h and 0.199 L/h, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report to illustrate the administration of CTZ at a dose of 1000/500 mg thrice weekly following iHD.
Social Protection for Child Development in Crisis: A Review of Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Aurino Elisabetta , Giunti Sara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlobally, humanitarian needs have reached an historically unprecedented scale, undermining the ability of affected children to survive, grow, and thrive. Social protection holds the promise of addressing acute needs and risks faced by children in crisis contexts, while allowing for human capital investments. We review evidence of the impact of emergency cash, food, and other in-kind transfers implemented by governments or humanitarian actors on child development in different contexts. Compared with development settings, rigorous evidence for crises is limited. Most existing studies focus on either schooling or acute malnutrition, highlighting that transfers can mitigate the detrimental effects of crises on these outcomes. Evidence on linear growth, micronutrient deficiencies, health, labor, learning, psychosocial outcomes, and child protection is limited. Also, most studies are set in contexts characterized by high institutional fragility in which emergency social protection is undertaken by international organizations, while evidence from settings where institutional capacity for shock-responsive social protection exists is scarce. Further gaps relate to the cost-effectiveness of alternative program designs and delivery modalities; heterogeneity by child and household backgrounds; and longer-term effects of interventions. Filling these gaps is critical to support child-sensitive approaches to social protection in crises to effectively pursue Sustainable Development Goal 1.
2. CHARACTERISTICS OF UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION AMONG END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE (ESKD) PATIENTS ON CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS IN DR. HASAN SADIKIN HOSPITAL BANDUNG
Authors: Setyabudi Yogie , Afiatin  
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension (UHT) in ESKD patient remained relatively high and increasing in trend nowadays, especially in black and Asian people. There is higher mortality among those people, yet hypertension is a leading cause of morbidity of ESKD. Therefore interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) independently associated with an increased BP, and affect outcomes in ESKD patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to determine characteristic among UHT in ESKD patient underwent hemodialysis (HD) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.

Method:
We performed cross-sectional study with all ESKD patients with age > 18 years old, underwent hemodialysis > 3 months. Data collected from medical record. BP examined before each HD (3 times in a row). We used two kind of classification, BP > 140/90 as UHT based on NKF-KDOQI 2014 and BP > 130/80 based on AHA 2017.

Result:
130 patients were included. Based on NKF KDOQI 2014 we found that 97 (74,6%) of the patients had UHT and only 9,3% of them had 3 kinds anti-HT agents compare to 21,2% in the controlled hypertension (CHT) group. Hypertension was the main etiology of ESKD (86,1%). The mean IDWG in UHT was 2,8 kgs compare to 2.6 kgs in CHT group.

Conclusion:
In summary, there were more patients in UHT 74,6% patients and most of them used less than 3 anti-HT agents. The average IDWG higher in UHT group. These could be primary data for analytical studies about correlation of UHT, its risk factor.