bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Empirical Correlation for Estimation of the Total Organic Carbon in Devonian Shale From the Spectral Gamma-Ray and Based on the Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The evaluation of the quality of unconventional hydrocarbon resources becomes a critical stage toward characterizing these resources, and this evaluation requires the evaluation of the total organic carbon (TOC). Generally, TOC is determined from laboratory experiments; however, it is hard to obtain a continuous profile for the TOC along the drilled formations using these experiments. Another way to evaluate the TOC is through the use of empirical correlation, and the currently available correlations lack the accuracy especially when used in formations other than the ones used to develop these correlations. This study introduces an empirical equation for the evaluation of the TOC in Devonian Duvernay shale from only gamma-ray and spectral gamma-ray logs of uranium, thorium, and potassium as well as a newly developed term that accounts for the TOC from the linear regression analysis. This new correlation was developed based on the artificial neural networks (ANNs) algorithm which was learned on 750 datasets from Well-A. The developed correlation was tested and validated on 226 and 73 datasets from Well-B and Well-C, respectively. The results of this study indicated that for the training data, the TOC was predicted by the ANN with an AAPE of only 8.5%. Using the developed equation, the TOC was predicted with an AAPE of only 11.5% for the testing data. For the validation data, the developed equation overperformed the previous models in estimating the TOC with an AAPE of only 11.9%.
Estimation of the Rate of Penetration While Horizontally Drilling Carbonate Formation Using Random Forest
Authors: Osman Hany , Ali Abdulwahab , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPredicting the rate of penetration (ROP) is challenging especially during horizontal drilling. This is because there are many factors affecting ROP. Machine learning techniques are very promising in identifying the structural relationships existing between the inputs and target variables; these techniques were recently successfully applied to estimate the ROP in different wellbore shapes and through various formation lithologies. This study is aimed to introduce a random forest (RF) regression model for ROP prediction based on many factors such as the drilling mechanical parameters (torque, pipe speed, and weight on bit), hole cleaning parameters (the drilling fluid flowrate and pump pressure), and formation properties (formation bulk density and formation resistivity). In addition to its superiority in providing accurate results, RF has the advantage of providing interpretable rules. These rules help in understanding the relationships between the regressors and the target variable. Actual field measurements collected during horizontally drilling carbonate formation were used for training and testing the RF model. Unseen data collected from another well were used for validating the optimized model. Using the K-fold validation method, the proposed RF model has proven its superior performance when compared to artificial neural networks and support vector regression models. An illustrative example on a sample of real drilling data is presented to explain how the RF regression model is applied to the drilling data. In addition, developing interpretable regression rules through merging RF results is explained. These rules can guide drilling practitioners in accomplishing drilling projects at minimum time and cost.
Investigating the Association Between Child Television Viewing and Measured Child Adiposity Outcomes in a Large Nationally Representative Sample of New Zealanders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hobbs Matthew , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Kingsnorth Andrew P. , Marek Lukas , Tomintz Melanie , Wiki Jesse , McCarthy John , Campbell Malcolm , Kingham Simon 
Published: April 2021

Background: This study investigates the association between television (TV) viewing and child adiposity and if parental education and child ethnicity moderate this association. Method: Cross-sectional, pooled (2013/2014–2016/2017) adult and child New Zealand Health Survey were matched resulting in 13,039 children (2–14 y) and parent dyads. Child TV viewing was estimated using self-reported time for each weekday and weekend. The height (in centimeters), weight (in kilograms), and waist circumference of parents and children were measured. Childhood body mass index and obesity were defined using the International Obesity Task Force cutoff values. Effect modification was assessed by interaction and then by stratifying regression analyses by parent education (low, moderate, and high) and child ethnicity (Asian, European/other, Māori, and Pacific). Results: Overall, watching ≥2 hours TV on average per day in the past week, relative to <2 hours TV viewing, was associated with a higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.291 [1.108–1.538]), higher body mass index z score (b = 0.123 [0.061–0.187]), and higher waist circumference (b = 0.546 [0.001–1.092]). Interactions considering this association by child ethnicity and parent education revealed little evidence of effect modification. Conclusion: While TV viewing was associated with child adiposity, the authors found little support for a moderating role of parental education and child ethnicity.
Impact on percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes during the COVID-19 outbreak in a non-overwhelmed European healthcare system: COVID-19 ACS-PCI experience in Ireland
Authors: Connolly Niall Patrick , Simpkin Andrew , Mylotte Darren , Crowley James , O'Connor Stephen , AlHarbi Khalid , Kiernan Thomas , Arockiam Sacchin , Owens Patrick , John Amal , Blake Gavin J , Fitzgerald Sean , Cadogan Diarmaid , Rosseel Liesbeth 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo evaluate temporal trends of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) treated via percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) throughout the COVID-19 outbreak in a European healthcare system affected but not overwhelmed by COVID-19-related pathology.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective multicentre analysis of the rates of PCI for the treatment of ACS within the period 2 months pre and post the first confirmed COVID-19 case in Ireland, as well as comparing PCI for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with the corresponding period in 2019. During the 2020 COVID-19 period (29 February–30 April 2020), there was a 24% decline in PCI for overall ACS (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.76; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.88; p<0.001), including a 29% reduction in PCI for non-ST-elevation ACS (IRR 0.71; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.88; p=0.002) and an 18% reduction in PCI for STEMI (IRR 0.82; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.01; p=0.061), as compared with the 2020 pre-COVID-19 period (1 January–28 February 2020). A 22% (IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.93; p=0.005) reduction of PCI for STEMI was seen as compared with the 2019 reference period.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a significant reduction in PCI procedures for the treatment of ACS since the COVID-19 outbreak in Ireland. The reasons for this decline are still unclear but patients need to be encouraged to seek medical attention when cardiac symptoms appear, in order to avoid incremental cardiac morbidity and mortality due to a reduction in coronary revascularisation for the treatment of ACS.
Long-term physical and psychological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest—protocol for a national cross-sectional survey of survivors and their relatives (the DANCAS survey)
Authors: Joshi Vicky L , Tang Lars H , Borregaard Britt , Zinckernagel Line , Mikkelsen Tina Broby , Taylor Rod S , Christiansen Sofie Raahauge , Nielsen Jørgen Feldbæk , Zwisler Ann Dorthe 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors is increasing. However, there remains limited knowledge on the long-term physical and psychological problems suffered by survivors and their relatives. The aims of the DANCAS (DANish cardiac arrest survivorship) survey are to describe the prevalence of physical and psychological problems, identify predictors associated with suffering them and to determine unmet rehabilitation needs in order to make recommendations on the timing and content of future rehabilitation interventions.Methods and analysisThe DANCAS survey has a cross-sectional design involving a survey of OHCA survivors and their relatives. OHCA survivors will be identified through the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry as having suffered an OHCA between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Each survivor will be asked to identify their closest relative to complete the relatives’ survey. Contents of survivor survey: EQ-5D-5Level, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Two Simple Questions, Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Scale 2.0, plus questions on unmet rehabilitation and information needs. Contents of relatives’ survey: World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly—Cardiac Arrest and the Modified Caregiver Strain Index. Self-report outcome data collected through the surveys will be enriched by data from Danish national registries including demographic characteristics, circumstances of cardiac arrest and comorbidities. The survey will be completed either electronically or by post December 2020–February 2021.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Surveys and registry-based research studies do not normally require ethical approval in Denmark. This has been confirmed for this study by the Region of Southern Denmark ethics committee (20192000-19). Results of the study will be disseminated via several peer-reviewed publications and will be presented at national and international conferences.
Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Iio Kyohei , Matsubara Kousaku , Miyakoshi Chisato , Ota Kunitaka , Yamaoka Rika , Eguchi Junji , Matsumura Osamu , Okutani Takahiro , Ueda Ikuyo , Nishiyama Masahiro 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundEpidemiological studies in Kawasaki disease (KD) have suggested infectious aetiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission also suppress the circulation of other contagious microorganisms. The primary objective is to compare the number and incidence of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and the secondary objective is to investigate temporal association between the KD epidemiology and activities of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral and bacterial infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 in Kobe, Japan. We collected information of hospitalised KD children in Kobe. Child population was identified through the resident registry system. Activity of COVID-19 and 11 other infectious diseases was derived from a public health monitoring system. Monthly change of KD incidence was analysed using a difference-in-difference regression model.ResultsThroughout the study period, 1027 KD children were identified. KD had begun to decline in April 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of KD cases (n=66) between April and December 2020 was 40% of the average in the same period in 2016–2019 (165/year). Annual KD incidence was 315, 300, 353, 347 and 188/100 000 children aged 0–4 years in 2016–2020, respectively. The difference-in-difference value of KD incidence was significantly reduced in the fourth quarter in 2020 (−15.8, 95% CI −28.0 to −3.5), compared with that in 2016–2019. Sentinel surveillance showed a marked decrease of all infectious diseases except exanthema subitum after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 86 COVID-19 cases aged <10 years and no KD children associated with COVID-19.ConclusionThis study showed that the number and incidence of KD was dramatically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. This change was temporally associated with decreased activities of various infectious diseases other than COVID-19, supporting the hypothesis of infection-triggered pathogenesis in KD.
Analysis of the relationship between surgeon procedure volume and complications after total knee arthroplasty using a propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Okoro Tosan , Tomescu Sebastian , Paterson J Michael , Ravi Bheeshma 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify a threshold in annual surgeon volume associated with increased risk of revision (for any cause) and deep infection requiring surgery following primary elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).DesignA propensity score matched cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada.Participants169 713 persons who received a primary TKA between 2002 and 2016, with 3-year postoperative follow-up.Main outcome measuresRevision arthroplasty (for any cause), and the occurrence of deep surgical infection requiring surgery.ResultsBased on restricted cubic spline analysis, the threshold for increased probability of revision and deep infection requiring surgery was <70 cases/year. After matching of 51 658 TKA recipients from surgeons performing <70 cases/year to TKA recipients from surgeons with greater than 70 cases/year, patients in the former group had a higher rate of revision (for any cause, 2.23% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.39 to 3.07) vs 1.70% (95% CI 0.85 to 2.55); Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.47, p<0.0001) and deep infection requiring surgery (1.29% (95% CI 0.44 to 2.14) vs 1.09% (95% CI 0.24 to 1.94); HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.51, p<0.0001).ConclusionsFor primary TKA recipients, cases performed by surgeons who had performed fewer than 70 TKAs in the year prior to the index TKA were at 31% increased relative risk of revision (for any cause), and 18% increased relative risk for deep surgical infection requiring surgery, at 3-year follow-up.
Social inequalities and the pandemic of COVID-19: the case of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Julio , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a global pandemic. The lack of protective vaccine or treatment led most of the countries to follow the flattening of the infection curve with social isolation measures. There is evidence that socioeconomic inequalities have been shaping the COVID-19 burden among low and middle-income countries. This study described what sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were associated with the greatest risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality and how did the importance of key neighbourhood-level socioeconomic factors change over time during the early stages of the pandemic in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil.MethodsWe linked socioeconomic attributes to confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 and computed age-standardised incidence and mortality rates by domains such as age, gender, crowding, education, income and race/ethnicity.ResultsThe evidence suggests that although age-standardised incidence rates were higher in wealthy neighbourhoods, age-standardised mortality rates were higher in deprived areas during the first 2 months of the pandemic. The age-standardised mortality rates were also higher in males, and in areas with a predominance of people of colour, which are disproportionately represented in more vulnerable groups. The population also presented COVID-19 ‘rejuvenation’, that is, people became risk group younger than in developed countries.ConclusionWe conclude that there is a strong health gradient for COVID-19 death risk during the early stages of the pandemic. COVID-19 cases continued to move towards the urban periphery and to more vulnerable communities, threatening the health system functioning and increasing the health gradient.
Multicenter study of US trauma centers examining the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on injury causes, diagnoses and procedures
Authors: Salottolo Kristin , Caiafa Rachel , Mueller Jalina , Tanner Allen , Carrick Matthew M , Lieser Mark , Berg Gina , Bar-Or David 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in nationwide social distancing and shelter-in-place orders meant to curb transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effect of the pandemic on injury patterns has not been well described in the USA. The study objective is to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the distribution and determinants of traumatic injuries.MethodsThis retrospective multi-institutional cohort study included all hospital admissions for acute traumatic injury at six community level I trauma centers. Descriptive statistics were used to compare injury causes, diagnoses and procedures over two similar time periods: prepandemic (March 11–June 30, 2019) and pandemic (March 11–June 30, 2020).ResultsThere were 7308 trauma patients included: 3862 (53%) prepandemic and 3446 (47%) during the pandemic. Cause of injury significantly differed by period (p<0.001). During the pandemic, there were decreases in motor vehicle crashes (from 17.0% to 14.0%, p<0.001), worksite injuries (from 5.2% to 4.1%, p=0.02), pedestrian injuries (from 3.0% to 2.2%, p=0.02) and recreational injuries (from 3.0% to 1.7%, p<0.001), while there were significant increases in assaults (6.9% to 8.5%, p=0.01), bicycle crashes (2.8% to 4.2%, p=0.001) and off-road vehicle injuries (1.8% to 3.0%, p<0.001). There was no change by study period in falls, motorcycle injuries, crush/strikes, firearm and self-inflicted injuries, and injuries associated with home-improvement projects. Injury diagnoses differed between time periods; during the pandemic, there were more injury diagnoses to the head (23.0% to 27.3%, p<0.001) and the knee/leg (11.7% to 14.9%, p<0.001). There were also increases in medical/surgical procedures (57.5% to 61.9%, p<0.001), administration of therapeutics/blood products (31.4% to 34.2%, p=0.01) and monitoring (11.0% to 12.9%, p=0.01).DiscussionCauses of traumatic injury, diagnoses, and procedures were significantly changed by the pandemic. Trauma centers must adjust to meet the changing demands associated with altered injury patterns, as they were associated with increased use of hospital resources.Level of evidenceIII (epidemiological).
Population structure within the Hard Maple complex
Authors: Jackson Whitney A. , Honig Josh A. , Smouse Peter E. , Grabosky Jason C. 
Published: April 2021

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) is the most economically important member of the Hard Maple species complex, a group of related species that occupy a range between Canada and Mexico, which are adapted to distinct ecological niches. Sugar maple has been identified as vulnerable to rapid climate change, and sustainable solutions are needed to support its role in the production of maple sugar, as well as timber and nursery production in the northeastern United States. Genetic relationships among sugar maple and its allies are largely unknown. In the current study, genetic relationships of 278 individuals from six hard maple species were assessed using 17 multi-allelic microsatellite (SSR) loci. Genetic variance was partitioned into separate components for variation within and among populations and within and among species. Most of the divergence among populations (FPT = 0.263) reflected interspecific divergence (FST = 0.169), but provenances within species also differed at nontrivial scales (FPS = 0.113). Estimation and testing of paired interprovenance divergence showed that all population pairs were statistically divergent. Principal coordinates analysis indicated that the pattern of radiation observed among these taxa is broadly compatible with geography.
Enhancement of low-mass dileptons in ultraperipheral collisions
Authors: Dremin I. M. , Gevorkyan S. R. , Madigozhin D. T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is shown that production of low-mass $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

-pairs in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions is enhanced due to the Sommerfeld–Gamow–Sakharov (SGS) factor. This effect is especially strong near the threshold of creation of unbound $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

-pairs with low masses in the two-photon fusion. Coulomb attraction of the non-relativistic components of such pairs may lead to the increased intensity of 511 keV photons. It can be recorded at the NICA collider and has some astrophysical implications. The analogous effect can be observed at LHC in dilepton production.
Matter perturbations in Einstein dark energy model
Authors: Haghani Zahra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the growth rate of matter perturbations in the Einstein dark energy theory. The theory consists of the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian plus the trace of the energy momentum tensor, coupled non-minimally to a dynamical vector field. We will show that the theory has three fixed points corresponding to the dust, radiation and de Sitter universes. Due to the present of trace of the energy–momentum tensor in the Lagrangian, the fixed points occurs in different locations compared to $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM theory. We will analyze the theory with and without cosmological constant. We will fit the model parameters using two independent data sets corresponding to the Hubble parameter H and also $$f\sigma _8$$

f

σ
8

. The theory is then shown to be consistent with observational data.
Magnetic dipole moments of the hidden-charm pentaquark states: $$P_c(4440)$$, $$P_c(4457)$$ and $$P_{cs}(4459)$$
Authors: Özdem Ulaş 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this work, we employ the light-cone QCD sum rule to calculate the magnetic dipole moments of the $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

, $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

and $$P_{cs}(4459)$$

P

cs

(
4459
)

pentaquark states by considering them as the diquark–diquark–antiquark and molecular pictures with quantum numbers $$J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

3
2

-

, $$J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

and $$J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$$

J
P

=

1
2

-

, respectively. In the analyses, we use the diquark–diquark–antiquark and molecular form of interpolating currents, and photon distribution amplitudes to obtain the magnetic dipole moment of pentaquark states. Theoretical examinations on magnetic dipole moments of the hidden-charm pentaquark states, are essential as their results can help us better figure out their substructure and the dynamics of the QCD as the theory of the strong interaction. As a by product, we extract the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of the $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

pentaquark. These values show a non-spherical charge distribution.
Relaxed highest-weight modules II: Classifications for affine vertex algebras
Authors: Kawasetsu Kazuya , Ridout David 
Published: April 2021

This is the second of a series of papers devoted to the study of relaxed highest-weight modules over affine vertex algebras and W-algebras. The first [K. Kawasetsu and D. Ridout, Relaxed highest-weight modules I: Rank [Formula: see text] cases, Commun. Math. Phys. 368 (2019) 627–663, arXiv:1803.01989 [math.RT]] studied the simple “rank-[Formula: see text]” affine vertex superalgebras [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with the main results including the first complete proofs of certain conjectured character formulae (as well as some entirely new ones). Here, we turn to the question of classifying relaxed highest-weight modules for simple affine vertex algebras of arbitrary rank. The key point is that this can be reduced to the classification of highest-weight modules by generalizing Olivier Mathieu’s coherent families [O. Mathieu, Classification of irreducible weight modules, Ann. Inst. Fourier [Formula: see text]Grenoble[Formula: see text] 50 (2000) 537–592]. We formulate this algorithmically and illustrate its practical implementation with several detailed examples. We also show how to use coherent family technology to establish the non-semisimplicity of category [Formula: see text] in one of these examples.