bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the experiences of individuals with personal health risks identified through expanded carrier screening
Authors: Brown Emily M. , Grinzaid Karen A. , Ali Nadia , Mehta Nikita , Hardy Melanie W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExpanded carrier screening (ECS) is used to identify individuals and couples at risk for having children with recessive or X‐linked genetic conditions; however, personal health risks (PHR) can also be identified through this testing. There is limited data on how genetic counseling regarding PHR from ECS is perceived by the individual, or how they use this information. This study quantitatively surveyed individuals identified with these risks between September 2013 and March 2020. The 30‐item survey included the validated Genomics Outcome Scale Short Form, the validated Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale, and original questions. Survey topics included pre‐test knowledge of the possibility of discovering PHR through testing, satisfaction with pre‐test education that addresses potential risks, perceived severity of PHR, empowerment by and understanding of information, anxiety levels related to their PHR, perceived genetic counseling support, and satisfaction with telehealth. A total of 416 completed surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and linear and logistic regressions. The majority of participants were satisfied or extremely satisfied with pre‐test education (n = 328; 78.8%) and telehealth (n = 329; 79.1%). However, more participants who were aware of the possibility of identifying PHR through ECS prior to testing were satisfied with pre‐test education compared to those who were not aware. Additionally, a lack of prior awareness of PHR was associated with lower empowerment scores (p = .004). Those who were highly satisfied with genetic counseling were more likely to feel empowered and understand the information presented (p = .001). The majority of individuals used their PHR information following their results appointment (n = 391; 94.0%). The results of this study suggest that receiving PHR information was useful and was positively influenced by both pre‐test education and the genetic counseling process.
Bounding the tripartite‐circle crossing number of complete tripartite graphs
Authors: Camacho Charles , Fernández‐Merchant Silvia , Jelić Milutinović Marija , Kirsch Rachel , Kleist Linda , Matson Elizabeth B. , White Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA tripartite‐circle drawing of a tripartite graph is a drawing in the plane, where each part of a vertex partition is placed on one of three disjoint circles, and the edges do not cross the circles. We present upper and lower bounds on the minimum number of crossings in tripartite‐circle drawings of and the exact value for . In contrast to 1‐ and 2‐circle drawings, which may attain the Harary–Hill bound, our results imply that balanced restricted 3‐circle drawings of the complete graph are not optimal.
3D Harmonic and Subharmonic Imaging for Characterizing Breast Lesions
Authors: Forsberg Flemming , Piccoli Catherine W. , Sridharan Anush , Wilkes Annina , Sevrukov Alexander , Ojeda‐Fournier Haydee , Mattrey Robert F. , Machado Priscilla , Stanczak Maria , Merton Daniel A. , Wallace Kirk , Eisenbrey John R. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveBreast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women. This multi‐center study assessed the ability of 3D contrast‐enhanced ultrasound to characterize suspicious breast lesions using clinical assessments and quantitative parameters.MethodsWomen with suspicious breast lesions scheduled for biopsy were enrolled in this prospective, study. Following 2D grayscale ultrasound and power Doppler imaging (PDI), a contrast agent (Definity; Lantheus) was administrated. Contrast‐enhanced 3D harmonic imaging (HI; transmitting/receiving at 5.0/10.0 MHz), as well as 3D subharmonic imaging (SHI; transmitting/receiving at 5.8/2.9 MHz), were performed using a modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE Healthcare). Five radiologists independently scored the imaging modes (including standard‐of‐care imaging) using a 7‐point BIRADS scale as well as lesion vascularity and diagnostic confidence. Parametric volumes were constructed from time‐intensity curves for vascular heterogeneity, perfusion, and area under the curve. Diagnostic accuracy was determined relative to pathology using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and reverse, step‐wise logistical regression analyses. The κ‐statistic was calculated for inter‐reader agreement.ResultsData were successfully acquired in 219 cases and biopsies indicated 164 (75%) benign and 55 (25%) malignant lesions. SHI depicted more anastomoses and vascularity than HI (P < .021), but there were no differences by pathology (P > .27). Ultrasound achieved accuracies of 82 to 85%, which was significantly better than standard‐of‐care imaging (72%; P < .03). SHI increased diagnostic confidence by 3 to 6% (P < .05), but inter‐reader agreements were medium to low (κ < 0.52). The best regression model achieved 97% accuracy by combining clinical reads and parametric SHI.ConclusionsCombining quantitative 3D SHI parameters and clinical assessments improves the characterization of suspicious breast lesions.
Plasma Glutathione and Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Probability
Authors: Charisis Sokratis , Ntanasi Eva , Stamelou Maria , Xiromerisiou Georgia , Maraki Maria , Veskoukis Aristidis S. , Yannakoulia Mary , Kosmidis Mary H. , Anastasiou Costas A. , Giagkou Nikolaos , Dardiotis Efthimios , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios , Sakka Paraskevi , Kouretas Demetrios , Stefanis Leonidas , Scarmeas Nikolaos 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels is considered one of the earliest biochemical changes in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe authors explored the potential role of plasma GSH as a risk/susceptibility biomarker for prodromal PD (pPD) by examining its longitudinal associations with pPD probability trajectories.MethodsA total of 405 community‐dwelling participants (median age [interquartile range] = 73.2 [7.41] years) without clinical features of parkinsonism were followed for a mean (standard deviation) of 3.0 (0.9) years.ResultsA 1 μmol/L increase in plasma GSH was associated with 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1%–0.7%; P = 0.017) less increase in pPD probability for 1 year of follow‐up. Compared with participants in the lowest GSH tertile, participants in the highest GSH tertile had a 12.9% (95% CI, 22.4%–2.2%; P = 0.020) slower rate of increase of pPD probability for 1 year of follow‐up.ConclusionPlasma GSH was associated with pPD probability trajectories; therefore, it might assist in the identification of individuals who are likely to reach the threshold for pPD diagnosis more rapidly. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Intra‐articular steroid injections in large joint arthritis: A survey of current practice
Authors: Yaghmour Khaled M. , Loumpardias Georgios A. , Elbahi Amr , M Navaratnam Devaraj , Boksh Khalis , Chong Han Hong , Eastley Nicholas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntra‐articular corticosteroid injections are widely used as a management modality for mild large joint osteoarthritis (OA). In contrast, there is little guidance or consensus on the use of steroids in moderate to severe disease. The aim of this study is to explore the current practice of surgeons in relation to the use of therapeutic intra‐articular steroid injections in patients awaiting large joint arthroplasty for OA.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to consultants performing large joint arthroplasty in four National Health Service Trusts. Participants were questioned on their use of intra‐articular therapeutic steroid injections in patients listed for elbow, shoulder, hip or knee arthroplasty. Data was collected over 6 months and analysed using Microsoft Excel.ResultsA total of 42 surgeons were included in the study with the majority performing lower limb arthroplasty (73%). About 21 (50%) surgeons indicated they would perform injections in the patient group of interest. Two would perform an unlimited number of injections, whilst the remainder would perform between one and three injections. Respondents most commonly indicated they would tell patients that an injection would provide between 6 and 12 weeks of benefit (14 of 39 surgeons, 36%). Most injecting surgeons (88%) leave 4 months between an injection and subsequent arthroplasty due to increased risk of infection if surgery is performed sooner.ConclusionThis study demonstrates variation in practice in the use of intra‐articular steroids in the analysed patient group, and the way surgeons council their patients. National or specialist society guidelines may help to reduce this variation in practice.
The tensor Golub–Kahan–Tikhonov method applied to the solution of ill‐posed problems with a t‐product structure
Authors: Reichel Lothar , Ugwu Ugochukwu O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses an application of partial tensor Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization to the solution of large‐scale linear discrete ill‐posed problems based on the t‐product formalism for third‐order tensors proposed by Kilmer and Martin (M. E. Kilmer and C. D. Martin, Factorization strategies for third order tensors, Linear Algebra Appl., 435 (2011), pp. 641‐658). The solution methods presented first reduce a given (large‐scale) problem to a problem of small size by application of a few steps of tensor Golub–Kahan bidiagonalization and then regularize the reduced problem by Tikhonov's method. The regularization operator is a third‐order tensor, and the data may be represented by a matrix, that is, a tensor slice, or by a general third‐order tensor. A regularization parameter is determined by the discrepancy principle. This results in fully automatic solution methods that neither require a user to choose the number of bidiagonalization steps nor the regularization parameter. The methods presented extend available methods for the solution for linear discrete ill‐posed problems defined by a matrix operator to linear discrete ill‐posed problems defined by a third‐order tensor operator. An interlacing property of singular tubes for third‐order tensors is shown and applied. Several algorithms are presented. Computed examples illustrate the advantage of the tensor t‐product approach, in comparison with solution methods that are based on matricization of the tensor equation.
New benchmark problems for verification of the curve‐to‐surface contact algorithm based on the generalized Euler–Eytelwein problem
Authors: Konyukhov Alexander , Shala Shqipron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDevelopment of the numerical contact algorithms for finite element method usually concerns convergence, mesh dependency, etc. Verification of the numerical contact algorithm usually includes only a few cases due to a limited number of available analytic solutions (e.g., the Hertz solution for cylindrical surfaces). The solution of the generalized Euler–Eytelwein, or the belt friction problem is a stand alone task, recently formulated for a rope laying in sliding equilibrium on an arbitrary surface, opens up to a new set of benchmark problems for the verification of rope/beam to surface/solid contact algorithms. Not only a pulling forces ratio , but also the position of a curve on a arbitrary rigid surface withstanding the motion in dragging direction should be verified. Particular situations possessing a closed form solution for ropes and rigid surfaces are analyzed. The verification study is performed employing the specially developed Solid‐Beam finite element with both linear and ‐continuous approximations together with the Curve‐to‐Solid Beam (CTSB) contact algorithm and exemplary employing commercial finite element software. A crucial problem of "contact locking" in contact elements showing stiff behavior despite the good convergence is identified. This problem is resolved within the developed CTSB contact element.
Obesity and cancer death in white and black adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Yang Shengping , Mire Emily F. , Wu Xiaocheng , Miele Lucio , Ochoa Augusto , Zabaleta Jovanny , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether race modifies the association between obesity and cancer death.MethodsThe Pennington Center Longitudinal Study included 18,296 adults; 35.0% were male and 34.3% were Black. The primary end point was death from cancer.ResultsDuring a follow‐up of 14.3 years, 346 cancer deaths occurred. Among men, race modified the association of BMI and cancer death (pinteraction = 0.045); compared with a BMI of 22 kg/m2, a BMI of 35 in White men was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.38‐2.21), and in Black men, the hazard ratio was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.45‐0.90). Among women, race did not modify the association of BMI and cancer death (pinteraction=0.43); however, compared with a BMI of 22, a BMI of 35 in White women was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.42 (95% CI: 1.18‐1.70) and in Black women, the hazard ratio was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.82‐1.20).ConclusionsIn this diverse cohort of adults, having obesity was associated with an increased risk of cancer death in White men and women. In contrast, having obesity was associated with a reduced risk of cancer death in Black men and did not influence risk in Black women.
Novel biocomposite from polyamide 11 and jute fibres: the significance of fibre modification with SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Van Cong Do , Giang Nguyen Vu , Trung Tran Huu , Tuan Pham Quoc , Thai Nguyen Thi , Tham Do Quang , Van Tien Mai , Quang Dang Viet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJute fibres (JFs) and polyamide 11 (PA11) are naturally originated materials that, individually, have been widely employed for the manufacture of biocomposites. However, their simultaneous use in an environmentally friendly JFs/PA11 biocomposite that combines the advantages of both materials has received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated the possible fabrication of a biocomposite based on JFs and PA11. Since the dispersion, adhesion and interfacial interaction between JFs and resin matrix are usually poor, the possibility of improving those characteristics was explored via chemical modification. Accordingly, two modification routes were used: alkali treatment and SiO2 nanoparticle deposition. Both modified and unmodified fibres were blended with PA11 for biocomposite production. Various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, mechanical property analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize fibre and biocomposite samples. The results indicated that thermal and mechanical stability of JFs were considerably improved as a result of modification. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of unmodified fibres was 303.75 MPa and 12.32 GPa, which then increased to 483.66 MPa and 483.66 GPa, respectively, as a result of SiO2 nanoparticle deposition on the fibre surface. Because of SiO2 nanoparticle modification, the interaction and adhesion between JFs and PA11 matrix were improved, which led to increases of 58.3%, 11.7% and 45.9% in tensile strength, impact strength and Young's modulus. The success of this study provides a novel route to produce a complete biocomposite from JFs and PA11, which could become a promising alternative to conventional synthetic polymer composites. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Zwitterionic copolymer modified polyethersulphone/sulfonated polysulphone membranes for enhancing dye/salt selective separation
Authors: Liu Gansheng , Tao Ran , Hu Mengyang , Liu Xiaowei , Matindi Christine , Kadanyo Sania , Chen Rui , Mao Liuyong , Fang Kuanjun , Li Jianxin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo monomers, positively charged N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and negatively charged monomer sodium vinylsulfonate (VSA), were employed to generate a zwitterionic copolymer layer on the surface of PES/SPSf blend membrane via UV‐light grafting. The effect of monomer concentration and irradiation time on the properties of the modified membranes was studied. Results showed that the degree of grafting (DG) accelerated with the increase in monomer concentration and irradiation time. The zeta potential of the zwitterionic membrane was tailored from negative (−21.4 mV) to positive charge (+30.8 mV) by varying the concentration DMAEMA monomer and irradiation time. Optimized membrane fabrication conditions were 15 g L−1 of DMAEMA and 10 min irradiation time (Mc15). The molecular weight cut‐off of Mc15 was calculated to be 40 kDa, while the zeta potential was found to be +8.56 mV (pH = 7). Mc15 showed excellent rejection rates for both positively and negatively charged dyes. In contrast Mc15 maintained low rejection rates for Na2SO4 (<10%) and high dye/salt selective separation performance (retention rates for basic blue 26 and Na2SO4 were 97 and 6.5%) over long continuous operation (50 h). In summary, our study provides tailoring implementation strategies to enhance dye/salt selective separation of tight ultrafiltration membranes.
Spirulina‐based composites for 3D‐printing
Authors: Fredricks Jeremy L. , Iyer Hareesh , McDonald Robin , Hsu Jeffrey , Jimenez Andrew M. , Roumeli Eleftheria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith material consumption increasing, the need for biodegradable materials derived from renewable resources becomes urgent, particularly in the popular field of 3D‐printing. Processed natural fibers have been used as fillers for 3D‐printing filaments and slurries, yet reports of utilizing pure biomass to 3D‐print structures that reach mechanical properties comparable to synthetic plastics are scarce. Here, we develop and characterize slurries for extrusion‐based 3D‐printing comprised of unprocessed spirulina and varying amounts of cellulose fibers (CFs). Tuning the micro‐morphology, density, and mechanical properties of multilayered structures is achieved by modulating the CF amount or drying method. Densified morphologies are obtained upon desiccator‐drying, while oven incubation plasticizes the matrix and leads to intermediate densities. Freeze‐drying creates low‐density foam microstructures. The compressive strengths of the structures follow the same trend as their density. CFs are critical in the denser structures, as without the fibers, the samples do not retain their shape while drying. The compressive strength and strain to failure of the composites progressively increase with increasing filler content, ranging between 0.8 and 16 MPa and 12%–47%, respectively, at densities of 0.51–1.00 g/cm3. The measured properties are comparable to other biobased composites and commercial plastic filaments for 3D‐printing.
A Flexible and Moisturizing Multilayer Microporous Sponge Copolymerized with Keratin and Alginate
Authors: Dai Fengli , Li Tao , Zhang Yaping , He Yufeng , Song Pengfei , Wang Rongmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFeather keratin (FK), a kind of low‐cost natural biopolymer with strong mechanical properties, was pretreated by sodium hydroxide solution, and then reacted with N‐hydroxy succinimide (NHS) coupled sodium alginate (SA) (SA‐NHS), which afforded multilayer microporous materials (FK‐SA sponge) of keratin combining alginate, and its performance as wound dressing was measured. Its structure and properties were characterized by Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/ DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption capacity, water retention and water vapor transmittance. The antimicrobial properties and release behavior were also studied. Under the condition of pH 7.4, the cumulative release rate of model drug‐loaded FK‐SA sponge got to 74 % within 13 hrs. Meanwhile, FK‐SA sponge supported benzalkonium chloride, a typical broad‐spectrum bactericide, has excellent antibacterial activity and unique biodegradability. That means this multilayer microporous sponge is expected to be used as wound dressing in the clinical nursing field and continuous drug delivery carrier in the biomedical field.
Rapid and Highly Selective BODIPY Based Turn‐Off Colorimetric Cyanide Sensor**
Authors: Kaya Serdal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCyanide ion (CN− ion) is one of the most harmful inorganic pollutants wasted by various industrial processes. Although some spectroscopic methods are being used, these methods need advanced instrumentation and have high detection limits. Because of this, rapid, low‐cost and sensitive methods are highly required to detect CN− ion. Chemosensor application is one of the most useful methods for selective detection of the target analyte. BODIPY (boradiazaindacene) dyes are one of the promising candidates for these types of applications because of the unique optical and photophysical properties. Here, we report the first application of the meso‐formyl‐BODIPY dye‐based, rapid and naked‐eye CN− ion sensor application depending on the reaction of CN− ion and aldehyde functionality of the meso‐formylated BODIPY derivative (BODIPY‐BAL). Absorption and emission experiments were successfully conducted. Additionally, colorimetric tests were performed in solution and on test strips. The limit of detection of the chemosensor was calculated as 10.4 μM. Real sample experiments in seawater were also performed and CN− ion was detected at 50 μM concentration, which is the limit level of CN− ion concentration causes acute effects determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Pyrrole‐Fused Benzoxazinones/Quinoxalinones: Molecular Dynamic Simulation, Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Selvendran Suresh , Das Souvik , Waidha Kamran , Venkatesan Swathi , Balamurali M. M. , Basu Biswarup , Rajendran Saravanakumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA series of novel pyrrole fused benzoxazinones/quinoxalinones has been evaluated for antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line, MCF7 and treatment‐resistant triple‐negative breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231. Among which pyrroloquinoxalinones exhibited higher cytotoxicity. Furthermore, they showed insignificant cellular cytotoxicity in normal human cell HEK293T when treated with their respective IC50 concentrations. In silico molecular docking, study suggests that the inhibitory mechanism of pyrroloquinoxalinones probably mediated via modulation of breast cancer targets such as VEGFR2 and EGFR. The stability of target protein (VEGFR2 and EGFR)‐ligand (pyrroloquinoxalinones) interactions was validated by Molecular dynamic simulation (50 ns). Additionally, pyrrolobenzoxazinones/quinoxalinones were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. All the compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity (IC50 0.034–15.4 μM) towards the tested bacterial strains. These findings indicate that pyrrolobenzoxazinones/quinoxalinones are valuable scaffolds for the development of potent anticancer and antibacterial compounds.