bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrograde Approach for Intra-arterial Chemotherapy Delivery in Retinoblastoma
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Durand Walter , Ramos Alfredo , Cordero Raúl , Rodríguez Rodolfo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is currently, the first-line treatment for retinoblastomas with successful cure rates. In difficult access or unsuccessful catheterization of the ophthalmic artery (OA), the middle meningeal artery is a second alternative followed by the Japanese technique using balloon. Nevertheless, when a well-developed posterior communicating artery is present, a retrograde approach to the OA through this vessel can be performed to deliver the chemotherapeutic drugs.We present a case of an unsuccessful catheterization of the OA through the internal carotid artery due to a challenging configuration of the OA/carotid siphon angle and describe an alternative form of navigation and catheterization through the posterior circulation.To our knowledge, this is the third report of a successful retrograde catheterization of the OA for IAC and constitutes an alternative route to deliver chemotherapy.
Resurgence of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Case Series and Global Epidemiological Trends
Authors: Srivastava Kavita , Agarwal Ekta , Rajadhyaksha Surekha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResurgence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)—case series and global epidemiological trends. We noted a recent increase in cases of SSPE admitted in our institute, even though they had received measles vaccination. We did a detailed study of our cases and compared with global epidemiological trends of SSPE in preimmunization and era of developed immunity. Out of total 23 cases of SSPE, 12 presented in the year 2017 alone, reflecting a steep rise in incidence. Sixteen patients had received measles vaccine and never had prior measles infection. Mean age of onset was 8.2 years and average time of progression to advanced stage of disease was 65 days. Global data showed similar trends, that is, earlier age of onset with a faster rate of progression in the postvaccination era as compared with prevaccine era. Possible mechanisms to account for this trend include an early wild measles infection in the critical age of 6 to 9 months, before vaccination. There is a changing epidemiological trend of SSPE in terms of lower age of onset and faster rate of progression, also reflected in global data. There is a need for multicenter studies to verify the findings and explore possible measures like lowering the age of measles vaccination to halt this alarming trend.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Following Campylobacter jejuni Infection in a 12-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Camelo Ingrid Yolanda , Rana Mandeep , Cooper Ellen Rae 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe reported a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a 12-year-old girl shortly after developing fever and vomiting, and ultimately found to have Campylobacter jejuni by antigen detection and conventional stool culture. Campylobacter jejuni has been associated with peripheral demyelinating diseases including Guillain–Barre's syndrome, but it has not been previously implicated in central demyelination in children. The clinical description and review of the literature are included here.
Women with Hemophilia: Case Series of Reproductive Choices and Review of Literature
Authors: Lalezari Shadan , Barg Assaf A. , Dardik Rima , Luboshitz Jacob , Bashari Dalia , Avishai Einat , Kenet Gili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAim Very little is known regarding reproductive choices, pregnancy, and delivery of women with moderate to severe hemophilia. Our aim was to describe our experience with three hemophiliac women and their journey to achieve motherhood.Methods Medical charts of women with moderate to severe hemophilia A treated at our center were evaluated. Data regarding choices of conception, pregnancy course, mode of delivery, and pregnancy outcomes were obtained.Results Three women are presented. Whereas patient 1 chose to adopt her first child and later had twins through egg donations and a surrogate mother, patient 2 underwent spontaneous pregnancy and delivered via cesarean section. Patient 3 preferred in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic diagnosis to avoid hemophilia and hemophilia carriership in her offspring.Conclusion The appropriate means to achieve parenthood for women with moderate to severe hemophilia should be individualized and requires support of a comprehensive multidisciplinary team.
Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm with Recurrent Massive Haemoptysis: Endovascular Management by a Covered Stent
Authors: Choh Naseer A. , Amreen Saika , Hamid Mudasir , Nazir Imran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAPA) is a potentially fatal, albeit rare cause of hemoptysis. With a varied etiology and debatable management, time is the essence in its treatment. We present a case of a post lobectomy PAPA with recurrence of malignancy, managed via endovascular approach in a low resource setting where an ideal hardware was not available.
Assessing the leeway of state-led strategic communication abroad: a comparison of news coverage on Austria, Germany, and Switzerland in Arabic
Authors: Häuptli Andrea , Vogler Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPublic diplomacy programmes with the goal to enhance a country’s reputation and image abroad have become wide-spread practice, also among small states with little geopolitical relevance. News media offer one of the most important platforms of their implementation. But do small states have the leeway to successfully implement their communication strategies on a global scale? Are media-based public diplomacy strategies even an option for those cases? This study assesses these questions based on international media resonance of states. Relating to the theoretical approach of country news value literature, a comparative research design is implemented. It analyses news coverage on the three German-speaking countries Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, performing a multi-level automated text analysis of 11,513 news media articles in Arabic. In accordance with existing empirical and theoretical contributions, it is shown that high-status states have more resonance-based leeway. Nevertheless, media resonance-based leeway of smaller states with lower status is caused differently, i.e. by their political, rather than their economic or military power.
Factor investing: alpha concentration versus diversification
Authors: Heinrich Lars , Shivarova Antoniya , Zurek Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite extensive research support, the role of diversification in current factor investing strategies remains neglected. This paper investigates whether well-designed multifactor portfolios should not only be based on firm characteristics, but should also include portfolio diversification effects. While the alpha concentration approach mainly considers factor-specific firm characteristics, the diversified approach utilizes covariance estimators in addition to firm characteristics to account for portfolio diversification. The corresponding out-of-sample results show that including an efficient covariance estimator improves the performance of long-only multifactor portfolios compared to the pure alpha concentration approach. A particular advantage of diversified factor investing strategies can be identified in the significant increase in exposure to the low-volatility factor represented by firm characteristics with high informational content. No significant performance differences are observed for long-short portfolios where the factor exposures of the alpha concentration and diversification approaches are similar with respect to the low-volatility factor.
Tumors overcome the action of the wasting factor ImpL2 by locally elevating Wnt/Wingless
Authors: Lee Jiae , Ng Katelyn G.-L. , Dombek Kenneth M. , Eom Dae Seok , Kwon Young V. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceThe cancer-derived cachectic factors induce wasting in the patient’s tissues, including muscle and adipose tissue. If cancers were to be equally affected by the cachectic factors, they must be wasted away. Nevertheless, cancers appear to grow during cachexia, suggesting a mechanism for protecting themselves from the cachectic factors. We employDrosophilatumor models to demonstrate that a signaling protein Wingless works locally to protect tumors from the action of the secreted wasting factor ImpL2. Furthermore, we show that Wingless augmentation specifically in muscle could be exploited to attenuate systemic tissue wasting induced by localized tumors. Altogether, our study provides insights into the mechanism by which tumors evade the adverse effects induced by the wasting factors to avoid self-wasting.
High-throughput developability assays enable library-scale identification of producible protein scaffold variants
Authors: Golinski Alexander W. , Mischler Katelynn M. , Laxminarayan Sidharth , Neurock Nicole L. , Fossing Matthew , Pichman Hannah , Martiniani Stefano , Hackel Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Poor protein developability is a critical hindrance to biologic discovery and engineering. Experimental capacity limits variant analysis. We demonstrate the ability of an on-yeast protease assay, a split green fluorescent protein assay, and a split β-lactamase assay to predict recombinant protein production yields in bacteria. The assays presented increase the ability to measure protein developability by more than 100-fold over traditional approaches. Compared to models trained using sequence information alone, the assays are 35% more accurate and require 80% less data to achieve the same prediction accuracy. The assays were evaluated via randomized protein variants within a protein scaffold topology and offer a method to remove the limitation of variant developability quantification.
Turbulence explains the accelerations of an eagle in natural flight
Authors: Laurent Kasey M. , Fogg Bob , Ginsburg Tobias , Halverson Casey , Lanzone Michael J. , Miller Tricia A. , Winkler David W. , Bewley Gregory P. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Although soaring birds spend a significant portion of their lives navigating turbulent environments, the role turbulence plays in their lives is unclear. This holds especially when turbulent air currents fluctuate on similar timescales as avian flight behaviors. Against a backdrop of complicated behavior and aerodynamics, we find that a simple linear model almost fully explains the interactions between an eagle and turbulence, and that this interaction, in turn, almost fully explains the accelerations of the eagle’s body throughout its airborne life. The turbulent nature of the atmosphere is not merely a subtle nuance to which the eagle adjusts but rather a fundamental characteristic that leaves its imprint on all modes of flight.
Candidatus phytoplasma phoenicium.
Authors: Quaglino Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Phytoplasmas are wall-less parasitic bacteria living exclusively in plant phloem as consequence of transmission by sap-sucking insect vectors (Lee et al., 2000); they have been associated with several hundred plant diseases. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium' (CaPphoe), subgroup 16SrIX-B, is the aetiological agent of almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), a severe disease affecting almond, peach and nectarine trees in Lebanon and Iran. The first epidemics of AlmWB occurred in almond trees in Lebanon in the early 1990s and in Iran in 1995. In Lebanon, the disease rapidly spread from coastal to high mountainous areas, killing almost 150,000 trees over a period of 15 years. CaPphoe was first added to the EPPO Alert List in 2001 and removed from the list in 2006. The more recent rapid spread of CaPphoe in peach and nectarine orchards and in other plant hosts, along with the identification of efficient insect vectors, increased the alarm about the risk it poses for stone fruit production in the Middle East and in all the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Thus it was re-inserted in the EPPO Alert List in 2015.
Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode).
Authors: Eisenback Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The root knot nematode species, M. incognita, is the most widespread and probably the most serious plant parasitic nematode pest of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (Sasser, 1979). It occurs as a pest on a very wide range of crops. Most estimates of yield loss come from the use of nematicides and it should be noted that these can possibly cause other beneficial growth effects.
Heart rate variability kinetics during different intensity domains of cycling exercise in healthy subjects
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo Marcel Fernandes , do Nascimento Salvador Paulo Cesar , Antunes Diego , Possamai Leonardo Trevisol , Ventura Thiago , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , Denadai Benedito Sérgio , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to verify the heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) kinetics during the fundamental phase in different intensity domains of cycling exercise. Fourteen males performed five exercise sessions: (1) maximal incremental cycling test; (2) two rest‐to‐exercise transitions for each intensity domain, that is, heavy (Δ30) and severe (Δ60) domains. HRV markers (SD1 and SD2) and HR kinetics in the fundamental phase were analyzed by first‐order exponential fitting. There were no significant differences in amplitude values between SD1Δ30 (8.98 ± 3.52 ms) and SD1Δ60 (9.44 ± 3.24 ms) and SD2Δ30 (24.93 ± 9.16 ms) and SD2Δ60 (25.98 ± 7.29 ms). Significant difference was observed between HRΔ30 (52 ± 7 bpm) and HRΔ60 (63 ± 8 bpm). The time constant (τ) values were significantly different between SD1Δ30 (17.61 ± 6.26 s) and SD1Δ60 (13.86 ± 5.90 s), but not between SD2Δ30 (20.06 ± 3.73 s) and SD2Δ60 (19.47 ± 6.03 s) or HRΔ30 (56.75 ± 18.22 s) and HRΔ60 (58.49 ± 15.61 s). However, the τ values for HRΔ30 were higher and significantly different in relation to SD1Δ30 and SD2Δ30, as well as for HRΔ60 in relation to SD1Δ60 and SD2Δ60. The kinetics of the autonomic variable (SD1 marker) was accelerated by the increased intensity. Moreover, significant differences were found for the τ values, with faster HRV markers than HR, in both intensities of Δ30 and Δ60, which suggests that these variables indicate distinct and specific cardiac autonomic response times during different intensity domains in cycling.HIGHLIGHTS
The application of HRV to optimize exercise prescription at different effort intensities is extremely important to obtain assertive and effective results.
Analysis of the kinetic responses of HRV is a useful tool for the evaluation of exercise performance and health status.
A faster kinetics was found for HRV markers in comparison to HR, for both intensities analysed, which suggests that these variables indicate distinct and specific cardiac autonomic response times during different intensity domains in cycling.
A half marathon shifts the mediolateral force distribution at the tibiofemoral joint
Authors: Chen Tony Lin‐Wei , Lam Wing‐Kai , Wong Duo Wai‐Chi , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTRunners’ gait patterns vary during a half marathon and influence the knee joint mechanics. Joint contact force is a better estimate of the net joint loadings than external joint moments and closely correlates to injury risks. This study explored the changes of lower limb joint kinematics, muscle activities, and knee joint loading in runners across the running mileages of a half marathon. Fourteen runners completed a half marathon on an instrumented treadmill where motion capture was conducted every 2 km (from 2 to 20 km). A musculoskeletal model incorporating medial/lateral tibiofemoral compartments was used to process the movement data and report outcome variables at the selected distance checkpoints. Statistics showed no changes in joint angles, muscle co‐contraction index, ground reaction force variables, and medial tibiofemoral contact force (p > 0.05). Knee adduction moment at 18 km was significantly lower than those at 2 km (p = 0.002, γ = 0.813) and 6 km (p = 0.001, γ = 0.663). Compared to that at 2 km, lateral tibiofemoral contact force was reduced at 18 km (p = 0.030, Hedges’ g = 0.690), 16 km (p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 0.782), 14 km (p = 0.045, Hedges’ g = 0.859), and 10 km (p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 0.771) respectively. Mechanical realignment of the lower limb may be the cause of the altered knee loadings and possibly led to reduced running economy in response to a prolonged run. The injury potential of the redistributed tibiofemoral forces warranted further studies.
The self-organizing impact of averaged payoffs on the evolution of cooperation
Authors: Szolnoki Attila , Perc Matjaž 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to the fundamental principle of evolutionary game theory, the more successful strategy in a population should spread. Hence, during a strategy imitation process a player compares its payoff value to the payoff value held by a competing strategy. But this information is not always accurate. To avoid ambiguity a learner may therefore decide to collect a more reliable statistics by averaging the payoff values of its opponents in the neighborhood, and makes a decision afterwards. This simple alteration of the standard microscopic protocol significantly improves the cooperation level in a population. Furthermore, the positive impact can be strengthened by increasing the role of the environment and the size of the evaluation circle. The mechanism that explains this improvement is based on a self-organizing process which reveals the detrimental consequence of defector aggregation that remains partly hidden during face-to-face comparisons. Notably, the reported phenomenon is not limited to lattice populations but remains valid also for systems described by irregular interaction networks.
Track reconstruction of particle interactions in long crystals with large bending
Authors: Rossi R. , Esposito L.S. , Garattini M. , James T.O. , Pesaresi M. , Hall G. , Scandale W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The possibility to deflect hadron beams precisely through angles of multi-mrad is important for several future applications, and magnets are not suitable for this purpose. Crystal channeling provides a means to do this, but is not well studied for such deflections. Measurements of the interactions of charged particles with several cm long crystals with large bending have been obtained by the UA9 collaboration. These crystals have a bending 100 times larger and a length along the beam direction up to 40 times longer than the ones presently used by UA9 in the CERN accelerators. To assess their properties and quality, the crystals have been investigated in the CERN North Area with a Super Proton Synchrotron beam of mixed hadrons at 180 GeV. The UA9 tracking telescope has been adapted to collect data with these particular crystals. A new track reconstruction method is described which was required to obtain the results reported, and has been used in the present study to validate the methodology, so that detailed assessments of future systems can be made.
A global meta-analysis of the effects of plant diversity on biomass partitioning in grasslands
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaona , Hou Yanhui , Wu Juying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The partitioning of belowground biomass (BGB) to aboveground biomass (AGB) is commonly described as the root-to-shoot ratio (R/S). Although a number of studies have shown that biodiversity can influence AGB and BGB in grasslands at the local and global scale, the global-scale patterns reflecting how plant diversity affects R/S and the factors controlling such effects remain unclear. In this study, we explored the global patterns and associated drivers of biomass partitioning responding to plant diversity by conducting a meta-analysis of 333 observations from 30 studies in grasslands worldwide. Overall, plant diversity significantly increased AGB, BGB, and total biomass, whereas significantly decreased R/S. The effects of plant diversity on biomass partitioning varied with experimental types. The effect size for AGB and BGB in the field was larger than in greenhouse experiments, but the effect size for R/S did not significantly differ between field and greenhouse experiments. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between R/S and species richness and experimental duration in greenhouse experiments. However, the effect size for AGB, BGB, and R/S increased logarithmically with species richness and experimental duration in the field experiments. Specifically, the effect size for R/S in the field experiments switched from negative to neutral as the species richness and experimental duration increased. Furthermore, the effect size for R/S was positively correlated with complementary effects of BGB, and it increased logarithmically with mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation. Structural equation models showed that species richness, experimental duration, and MAT impact R/S indirectly by changing the BGB. Overall, our findings suggest that plant mixtures invest less in BGB than monocultures, and highlight that low investment in BGB will disappear gradually over time as species richness increases.
Evolution of microstructure, texture and residual stress of AZ31 Mg alloy in hot extrusion process
Authors: Kang Lei , Liu Weirong , Zhang Xiongbo , Chen Leng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the microstructure, texture, and residual stress of AZ31 Mg alloy at several higher extrusion temperatures (360 °C, 380 °C, 400 °C) and speeds (1 m min−1, 2 m min−1, 3 m min−1). Results show that the bimodal microstructure can be observed in all extruded Mg alloys, consisting of the fine grains in dynamic recrystallization (DRX) zone and the coarse grains in non-dynamic recrystallization (non-DRX) zone. The non-monotonic relation between average grain diameter and extrusion speed has been found. It is attributed to the promoted nucleation and inhibited grain growth at higher extrusion speed. The bimodal microstructure can maintain the stability of sharp {0002} basal texture. Schmid Factor (SF) is calculated to explain the mechanism of basal texture formation. By employing XRD with cosα method, the residual stress has been measured. The major origin of residual stress release at higher extrusion temperature is the grain growth, rather than the strengthening of basal texture. The anisotropy of residual stress distribution is related to the coupling effect of grain growth and evolution of basal texture of extruded Mg alloys.