bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of traumatic brain injury among the guests at a low-barrier homeless shelter
Authors: Ang Nicholas Benjamin , Wasserman Jason Adam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed at determining the prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among guests staying at a low-barrier homeless shelter who represent an especially vulnerable subset of individuals experiencing homelessness.

Results
A total of 21 out of 35 shelter guests participated in the survey. We found that 17 (81.0%) had experienced at least one traumatic brain injury in their lifetime and 15 (71.3%) had TBI associated with loss of consciousness. In addition, 7 (33.3%) of the participants had experienced TBIs rated as moderate to severe. Of the participants with head trauma history, 16 (94.1%) experienced their injury before their first onset of homelessness. Compared to both the general population and the broader population of individuals experiencing homelessness, those in this sample were significantly more likely to experience TBI (95% CI 0.0000:0.2857; p < 0.001 and 95% CI 0.3333:0.7619; p < 0.015, respectively) and significantly more likely to experience severe TBI (95% CI 0.0000:0.09524; p < 0.001).
Whole-genome sequencing data of Kazakh individuals
Authors: Kairov Ulykbek , Molkenov Askhat , Rakhimova Saule , Kozhamkulov Ulan , Sharip Aigul , Karabayev Daniyar , Daniyarov Asset , H.Lee Joseph , D.Terwilliger Joseph , Akilzhanova Ainur , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Kazakhstan is a Central Asian crossroad of European and Asian populations situated along the way of the Great Silk Way. The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic tribes and today is the multi-ethnic country with the dominant Kazakh ethnic group. We sequenced and analyzed the whole-genomes of five ethnic healthy Kazakh individuals with high coverage using next-generation sequencing platform. This whole-genome sequence data of healthy Kazakh individuals can be a valuable reference for biomedical studies investigating disease associations and population-wide genomic studies of ethnically diverse Central Asian region.

Data description
Blood samples have been collected from five ethnic healthy Kazakh individuals living in Kazakhstan. The genomic DNA was extracted from blood and sequenced. Sequencing was performed on Illumina HiSeq2000 next-generation sequencing platform. We sequenced and analyzed the whole-genomes of ethnic Kazakh individuals with the coverage ranging from 26 to 32X. Ranging from 98.85 to 99.58% base pairs were totally mapped and aligned on the human reference genome GRCh37 hg19. Het/Hom and Ts/Tv ratios for each whole genome ranged from 1.35 to 1.49 and from 2.07 to 2.08, respectively. Sequencing data are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information SRA database under the accession number PRJNA374772.
An unusual case of multiple hepatic and pulmonary abscesses caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in a young man: a case report
Authors: Sumer Johannes , Haller Sabine , Sawatzki Mikael , Kellner Jan , Boggian Katia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, formerly known as Haemophilus aphrophilus, belongs to the HACEK organisms, a group of pathogens classically associated with infectious endocarditis. A. aphrophilus is a rarely found pathogen, though abscess formation in various organs has been described, typically due to spread from an infected heart valve. Here we describe the unusual case of multiple hepatic abscesses caused by A. aphrophilus.

Case presentation
A 33-year-old Caucasian man presented at our hospital with fever and malaise, elevated inflammatory markers, and liver enzymes. Imaging was compatible with multiple liver and pulmonary abscesses, without evidence of endocarditis. Cultures of blood and liver abscess material remained without growth. Polymerase chain reaction finally revealed Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in the liver tissue. The patient recovered fully within 6 weeks of doxycycline treatment.

Conclusions
There are only a few case descriptions of liver abscesses caused by A. aphrophilus. As a ubiquitous organism in the gastrointestinal tract, A. aphrophilus may reach the liver via the portal venous system, as well as through hematogenous spread from the oropharynx. HACEK organisms are notoriously difficult to grow on culture, which highlights the diagnostic importance of eubacterial PCR.
Enhanced cell survival and therapeutic benefits of IL-10-expressing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for muscular dystrophy
Authors: Nitahara-Kasahara Yuko , Kuraoka Mutsuki , Oda Yuki , Hayashita-Kinoh Hiromi , Takeda Shin’ichi , Okada Takashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potentially therapeutic for muscle disease because they can accumulate at the sites of injury and act as immunosuppressants. MSCs are attractive candidates for cell-based strategies that target diseases with chronic inflammation, such as Duchenne muscular disease (DMD). We focused on the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-10 and hypothesized that IL-10 could increase the typically low survival of MSCs by exerting a paracrine effect after transplantation.MethodsWe developed a continuous IL-10 expression system of MSCs using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. To investigate the potential benefits of IL-10 expressing AAV vector-transduced MSCs (IL-10-MSCs), we examined the cell survival rates in the skeletal muscles after intramuscular injection into mice and dogs. Systemic treatment with IL-10-MSCs derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) was comprehensively analyzed using the canine X-linked muscular dystrophy model in Japan (CXMDJ), which has a severe phenotype similar to that of DMD patients.ResultsIn vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis revealed higher retention of IL-10-MSCs injected into the hindlimb muscle of mice. In the muscles of dogs, myofiber-like tissue was formed after the stable engraftment of IL-10-MSCs. Repeated systemic administration of IL-10-DPSCs into the CXMDJmodel resulted in long-term engraftment of cells and slightly increased the serum levels of IL-10. IL-10-hDPSCs showed significantly reduced expression of pro-inflammatory MCP-1 and upregulation of stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). MRI and histopathology of the hDPSC-treated CXMDJindicated the regulation of inflammation in the muscles, but not myogenic differentiation from treated cells. hDPSC-treated CXMDJshowed improved running capability and recovery in tetanic force with concomitant increase in physical activity. Serum creatine kinase levels, which increased immediately after exercise, were suppressed in IL-10-hDPSC-treated CXMDJ.ConclusionsIn case of local injection, IL-10-MSCs could maintain the long-term engraftment status and facilitate associated tissue repair. In case of repeated systemic administration, IL-10-MSCs facilitated the long-term retention of the cells in the skeletal muscle and also protected muscles from physical damage-induced injury, which improved muscle dysfunction in DMD. We can conclude that the local and systemic administration of IL-10-producing MSCs offers potential benefits for DMD therapy through the beneficial paracrine effects of IL-10 involving SDF-1.
New onset diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular events in Korean patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving high-intensity statins
Authors:   KAMIR-NIH Investigators, Choi Jah Yeon , Choi Cheol Ung , Choi Byoung Geol , Park Yoonjee , Kang Dong Oh , Jang Won Young , Kim Woohyeun , Na Jin Oh , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Rha Seung-Woon , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Jeong Myung Ho , Chae Sung-Chull , Seong In-Whan , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Cha Kwang Soo , Oh Seok Kyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
High-intensity statin therapy is typically used in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for secondary prevention. However, there have been consistent concerns regarding its association with diabetes mellitus. We investigated the effect of high-intensity atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) and cardiovascular outcomes over a 3-year follow-up period.

Methods
Data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry were collected from November 2011 to October 2015, and 13,104 patients with AMI were enrolled from major cardiovascular centers. Among them, 2221 patients without diabetes who had been administered with high-intensity atorvastatin (40–80 mg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg) were investigated. The atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups were evaluated for the incidence of NODM and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization cases in the following 3 years.

Results
Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Event-free survival rate of NODM was not significantly different between the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups (92.5% vs. 90.8%, respectively; Log-rank P-value = 0.550). The event-free survival rate of MACE was also not significantly different between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups (89.0% vs. 89.6%, respectively; Log rank P-value = 0.662). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that statin type was not a prognostic factor in the development of NODM and MACE.

Conclusions
Administering high-intensity atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with AMI produced comparable effects on NODM and clinical outcomes, suggesting their clinical equivalence in secondary prevention.
Eye tracking metrics and leader’s behavioral performance during a post-partum hemorrhage high-fidelity simulated scenario
Authors: Capogna Emanuele , Capogna Giorgio , Raccis Denise , Salvi Francesco , Velardo Matteo , Del Vecchio Angelica 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The use of eye tracking in the simulated setting can help improve our understanding of what sources of information clinicians are using as they deliver routine patient care.
The aim of this simulation study was to observe the differences, if any, between the eye tracking patterns of leaders who performed best in a simulated postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) high-fidelity scenario, in comparison with those who performed worst.

Methods
Forty anesthesia trainees from the University of Catania Medical School were divided into eight teams, to enact four times the same scenario of a patient with postpartum hemorrhage following vaginal delivery.
Trainees who were assigned the leader’s role wore the eye tracking glasses during the scenario, and their behavioral skills were evaluated by two observers, who reviewed the video recordings of the scenarios using a standardized checklist. The leader’s eye tracking metrics, extracted from 27 selected areas of interest (AOI), were recorded by a Tobii Pro Glasses 50 Hz wearable wireless eye tracker. Team performance was evaluated using a PPH checklist.
After completion of the study, the leaders were divided into two groups, based on the scores they had received (High-Performance Leader group, HPL, and Low-Performance Leader group, LPL).

Results
In the HPL group, the duration and number of fixations were greater, and the distribution of gaze was uniformly distributed among the various members of the team as compared with the LPL group (with the exception of the participant who performed the role of the obstetrician).
The HPL group also looked both at the patient’s face and established eye contact with their team members more often and for longer (P < .05). The team performance (PPH checklist) score was greater in the HPL group (P < .001).
The LPL group had more and/or longer fixations of technical areas of interest (P < .05).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the leaders who perform the best distribute their gaze across all members of their team and establish direct eye contact. They also look longer at the patient’s face and dwell less on areas that are more relevant to technical skills. In addition, the teams led by these best performing leaders fulfilled their clinical task better. The information provided by the eye behaviors of “better-performing physicians” may lay the foundation for the future development of both the assessment process and the educational tools used in simulation.

Trial Registration
Clinical.Trial.Gov ID n. NCT04395963.
Effect of NEuroplasticity-Principles-based SEnsory-Rehabilitation (NEPSER) on sensori-motor recovery in stroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arya Kamal Narayan , Pandian Shanta , Agarwal G. G. , Chaudhary Neera , Joshi Akshay Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionUp to 2/3rd of the stroke subjects may experience impairment in any of the somatosensory modalities such as light touch, proprioception, and stereognosis. The sensory recovery is strongly associated with the level of motor recovery. Very negligible sensory-based interventions have been developed and found to be evident in enhancing the sensory deficit and associated motor recovery. The possible factor for the ineffectiveness of these sensory interventions could be lack of the neuroscientific basis in formulation of the program. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of a neuralplasticity-principles-based sensory-rehabilitation protocol on motor and sensory recovery, and disability of the post-stroke hemiparetic subjects.MethodsWe propose to recruit 122 poststroke subjects in a randomized controlled, assessor blinded trial to be conducted in a rehabilitation-institute. The key eligibility criteria is age between 20 to 80 years, hemiparesis (right or left), ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, 1 to 12 months poststroke, and impairment in any of the sensory modalities. The participants in the experimental group will receiveNEuroplasticity-Principles-basedSEnsory-Rehabilitation (NEPSER) protocol comprising active, repetitive, and meaningful training of the specific sensory modalities utilizing visuo-perceptual, cognitive, motor, and functional tasks will be imparted for 8 weeks, 5 sessions / week, each of 2 h. The control subjects will undergo only standard rehabilitation based on neurophysiological, biomechanical, and rehabilitative approaches. All the participants will be assessed for motor (Fugl-Meyer assessment, upper extremity section) and sensory recovery [Nottingham Sensory assessment (Erasmus MC modification of the revised version)] at baseline, 8-week, and 12-week follow-up. The Semmes weinstein monofilament, two-point discrimination test and modified rankin scale (disability) will be applied as secondary measures. A repeated-measures 2-way ANOVA will be used to estimate difference for the post intervention and follow-up scores between the groups.PerspectiveThe proposed study will lead to development of a novel rehabilitation protocol that will not only enhance the sensory recovery but also the motor and functional recovery. This may reduce the impact of stroke disability and enhance the quality of life.Trial registrationThe trial has been registered under Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) asCTRI/2019/09/021442on 30th September 2019.
Evaluation of neurobehavioral activities of ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava Linn leaves in mice model
Authors: Biswas Sonchita , Mondol Debashish , Jodder Protic , Sana Samiron , Saleh Md. Abu , Tarafdar Amit Kumar , Islam Farhana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The complementary and alternative medicines have particular importance in treating various comorbid conditions including anxiety and depression which prevalence will be raised to the second highest risk of morbidity, triggering a noteworthy socioeconomic burden. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn (EEPG) was investigated to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-depressant activity into two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight) on Swiss Albino male mice utilizing experimental paradigms of anxiety and depression. The extract was also subjected to phytochemical screening.

Results
Phytochemicals screening showed the presence of numerous types of active constituents in extract, for example, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. The experimental results revealed that in case of anxiolytic activity tests, a statistical significant (p < 0.05 vs group I) effect is observed in EPMT model, hole cross model, light and dark model in both doses, whereas in hole-board model, marble burying model tests, a statistical considerable effect is observed only at the dose of 400 mg/kg although at the dose of 200 mg/kg, anxiolytic effect is also expressed and in case of anti-depressant activity test, the statistical significant effect is observed only at the dose of 400 mg/kg. All the results are comparable with the effect of standard drugs used.

Conclusions
Taken together, the present research work evidences the anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects of EEPG, but further investigation needed to find out the underlying mechanism of action and to isolate and purify the specific components that are responsible for aforementioned activities.
Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection in comparison to physical therapy for treatment of chronic partial supraspinatus tear
Authors: Serya Sarah Saad Mohamed Ahmed , Neseem Nanis Onsy , Shaat Reham M. , Nour.A. Khaled , Senna Mohammad K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Supraspinatus tendon is a part of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, partial or full-thickness tear can affect the tendon secondary to trauma or repeated microtrauma. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in comparison to physical therapy for treatment of chronic partial supraspinatus tears.

Results
At the beginning of the study, there were no significant differences between both groups in all parameters: (a) PRP injection had significantly improved the visual analog scale (VAS), disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand scale (DASH) and shoulder range of motion (ROM) but not size of tear at 6 and 12 weeks post-injection in comparison to baseline recordings; (b) physical therapy had significantly improved VAS, DASH but not shoulder ROM nor size of tear at 6 and 12 weeks post-injection in comparison to baseline recordings; and (c) PRP injection was superior to physical therapy in the improvement of VAS, shoulder ROM, and DASH score.

Conclusion
The US-guided PRP injection is superior to physical therapy in improving pain, ROM, and function in treatment of partial thickness tear of supraspinatus tendon.
Adjuvant Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer in the APHINITY Trial: 6 Years' Follow-Up
Authors: Piccart Martine , Procter Marion , Fumagalli Debora , de Azambuja Evandro , Clark Emma , Ewer Michael S. , Restuccia Eleonora , Jerusalem Guy , Dent Susan , Reaby Linda , Bonnefoi Hervé , Krop Ian , Liu Tsang-Wu , Pieńkowski Tadeusz , Toi Masakazu , Wilcken Nicholas , Andersson Michael , Im Young-Hyuck , Tseng Ling Ming , Lueck Hans-Joachim , Colleoni Marco , Monturus Estefania , Sicoe Mihaela , Guillaume Sébastien , Bines José , Gelber Richard D. , Viale Giuseppe , Thomssen Christoph ,   for the APHINITY Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE APHINITY, at 45 months median follow-up, showed that pertuzumab added to adjuvant trastuzumab and chemotherapy significantly improved invasive disease–free survival (IDFS) (hazard ratio 0.81 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.00], P = .045) for patients with early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer (BC), specifically those with node-positive or hormone receptor (HR)–negative disease. We now report the preplanned second interim overall survival (OS) and descriptive updated IDFS analysis with 74 months median follow-up. METHODS After surgery and central HER2-positive confirmation, 4,805 patients with node-positive or high-risk node-negative BC were randomly assigned (1:1) to either 1-year pertuzumab or placebo added to standard adjuvant chemotherapy and 1-year trastuzumab. RESULTS This interim OS analysis comparing pertuzumab versus placebo did not reach the P = .0012 level required for statistical significance ( P = .17, hazard ratio 0.85). Six-year OS were 95% versus 94% with 125 deaths (5.2%) versus 147 (6.1%), respectively. IDFS analysis based on 508 events (intent-to-treat population) showed a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.91) and 6-year IDFS of 91% and 88% for pertuzumab and placebo groups, respectively. The node-positive cohort continues to derive clear IDFS benefit from pertuzumab (hazard ratio 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.87]), 6-year IDFS being 88% and 83%, respectively. Benefit was not seen in the node-negative cohort. In a subset analysis, IDFS benefit from pertuzumab showed a hazard ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.92) for HR-positive disease and a hazard ratio of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.10) for HR-negative disease. Primary cardiac events remain < 1% in both the treatment groups. No new safety signals were seen. CONCLUSION This analysis confirms the IDFS benefit from adding pertuzumab to standard adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive HER2-positive early BC. Longer follow-up is needed to fully assess OS benefit.
Unmet Care Needs and Financial Hardship in Patients With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer on Immunotherapy or Chemoimmunotherapy in Clinical Practice
Authors: McLouth Laurie E. , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Levine Beverly J. , Burris Jessica L. , McDougall Jean A. , Lycan Thomas W. , Gabbard Jennifer , Ruiz Jimmy , Farris Michael , Blackstock Arthur W. , Grant Stefan C. , Petty W. Jeffrey , Weaver Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: Immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy is now standard treatment for most patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), yet patient supportive care needs (SCNs) on immunotherapy are not well defined. This study characterized the SCNs and financial hardship of patients with mNSCLC treated with immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy and examined the relationship between patient and caregiver cancer-related employment reductions and patient financial hardship. METHODS: Patients with mNSCLC on immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy from a single academic medical center completed the SCNs Survey-34, items indexing material, psychological, and behavioral financial hardship, and the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity. Univariate and bivariate analyses examined care needs, financial hardship, and impact of cancer-related employment reductions on patient financial hardship. RESULTS: Sixty patients (40% male; 75% White, mean age = 62.5 years, 57% on immunotherapy alone) participated. Fifty-five percent reported unmet needs in physical or daily living and psychological domains. Financial hardship was common (33% material, 63% psychological, and 57% behavioral). Fifty-two percent reported hardship in at least two domains. Forty percent reported a caregiver cancer-related employment reduction. Caregiver employment reduction was related to patient financial hardship (68% of those reporting caregiver employment reduction reported at least two domains of hardship v 40% of those without reduction, P = .03) and patient financial distress (mean Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity = 19.6 among those with caregiver employment reduction v 26.8 without, P = .01). CONCLUSION: Patients with mNSCLC treated with immunotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy report multiple unmet care needs and financial hardship. Psychological, functional, financial, and caregiver concerns merit assessment and intervention in this population.