bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the power of intersection for pattern recognition: a novel unsupervised learning method and its application to financial engineering
Authors: Haddad Michel Ferreira Cardia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present paper a data‐driven hard cluster analysis derived from a novel similarity measure is proposed to support financial investors in their portfolio management decision‐making process. The main objective of the proposed method is to provide a less arbitrary learning procedure to quantify similarity levels between investment alternatives (pairwise) as well as revealing clustering patterns (whole sample). This is especially useful during periods of high volatility, when investment alternatives tend to become more similar and, therefore, harder to distinguish between themselves. The method dynamics may be readily interpreted through a clear data visualisation. The advantages and caveats of the proposed method is compared to the most popular class of cluster analysis, applied to the well‐known Fisher's Iris dataset. Such results show a slightly superior performance of the proposed method but, most importantly, through remarkably different clustering allocation approaches. Moreover, further empirical results applied to daily data reflecting a period of 15 years of time series of economies/stock markets of the Group of Seven (G7) illustrate the potential practical usefulness of the proposed unsupervised learning method, particularly, for portfolio strategy, asset allocation, and investment diversification.
Ficus hispida leaf paste for goatskin preservation: Pollution reduction in tannery wastewater
Authors: Hashem Md. Abul , Hasan Md. Anik , Islam Md. Mazharul , Arman Md. Navid , Sheikh Md. Hasibur Rahman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWet salting preservation is commonly practiced to preserve raw hide/skin which discharges high salinity wastewater during soaking operation of hide/skin processing. The saline wastewater significantly pollutes the environment. In this study, a novel plant‐based approach has been made to preserve the goatskin to reduce pollution in tannery wastewater. The Ficus hispida plant leaf paste with a minimal amount of common salt was applied on the flesh side of raw goatskin. Efficacy of the method was evaluated by scrutinizing thermal stability, hair slip, odor, moistness percentage, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, and bacterial count in comparison with the conventional wet salting preservation method for 28 days. Pollution load in the wastewater, for example, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chloride (Cl−), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured following the APHA method. Results indicate that the novel plant‐based method has decreased the pollution load of Cl−, TDS, TSS, BOD, and COD in the tannery wastewater by 51.02%, 41.6%, 37.1%, 2.9%, and 14.6%, respectively. Leather produced from the experimentally preserved goatskin illustrates similar physical properties in comparison to the leather produced from conventionally preserved goatskin. The proposed preservation technique of goatskin in combination with lower salt might be an ecological alternative that could decrease the pollution load especially in soaking operation.
Lower leptin level at discharge in acute anorexia nervosa is associated with early weight‐loss
Authors: Dardennes Roland , Tolle Virginie , Lavoisy Guillaume , Grouselle Dominique , Alanbar Nebal , Duriez Philibert , Gorwood Philip , Ramoz Nicolas , Epelbaum Jacques 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivePredictive values of acute phase metabolic abnormalities of anorexia nervosa (AN) have seldom been studied. As early postrestoration weight loss is associated with poor outcome, discharge biologic parameters were assessed to detect an association with 2‐month follow‐up weight loss as a proxy to poor outcome.MethodFasting plasma levels of leptin, acyl‐ghrelin, obestatin, PYY, oxytocin and BDNF were measured in 26 inpatients, at inclusion, at discharge and 2 months later. A body mass index less than 18 2‐month postdischarge was considered a poor outcome.ResultsNineteen patients (73%) had a fair outcome and seven (27%) had a poor one with a mean loss of 0.69 versus 4.54 kg, respectively. Only discharge leptin levels were significantly higher in fair versus poor outcome patients (14.1 vs. 7.0 ng/ml, p = 0.006). The logistic regression model using discharge leptin, acyl‐ghrelin, obestatin, oxytocin, PYY and BDNF levels as predictors of outcome disclosed a nearly significant effect of leptin (p < 0.10). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed 11.9 ng/ml was the best value of threshold. Neither clinical variables differed according to outcome.ConclusionLeptin level may be a biomarker of early weight relapse after acute inpatient treatment of AN. Its clinical usefulness in monitoring care in AN should further be determined.
The thrombin receptor modulates astroglia‐neuron trophic coupling and neural repair after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kim Ha Neui , Triplet Erin M. , Radulovic Maja , Bouchal Samantha , Kleppe Laurel S. , Simon Whitney L. , Yoon Hyesook , Scarisbrick Isobel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractExcessive activation of the thrombin receptor, protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is implicated in diverse neuropathologies from neurodegenerative conditions to neurotrauma. PAR1 knockout mice show improved outcomes after experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), however information regarding the underpinning cellular and molecular mechanisms is lacking. Here we demonstrate that genetic blockade of PAR1 in female mice results in improvements in sensorimotor co‐ordination after thoracic spinal cord lateral compression injury. We document improved neuron preservation with increases in Synapsin‐1 presynaptic proteins and GAP43, a growth cone marker, after a 30 days recovery period. These improvements were coupled to signs of enhanced myelin resiliency and repair, including increases in the number of mature oligodendrocytes, their progenitors and the abundance of myelin basic protein. These significant increases in substrates for neural recovery were accompanied by reduced astrocyte (Serp1) and microglial/monocyte (CD68 and iNOS) pro‐inflammatory markers, with coordinate increases in astrocyte (S100A10 and Emp1) and microglial (Arg1) markers reflective of pro‐repair activities. Complementary astrocyte‐neuron co‐culture bioassays suggest astrocytes with PAR1 loss‐of‐function promote both neuron survival and neurite outgrowth. Additionally, the pro‐neurite outgrowth effects of switching off astrocyte PAR1 were blocked by inhibiting TrkB, the high affinity receptor for brain derived neurotrophic factor. Altogether, these studies demonstrate unique modulatory roles for PAR1 in regulating glial‐neuron interactions, including the capacity for neurotrophic factor signaling, and underscore its position at neurobiological intersections critical for the response of the CNS to injury and the capacity for regenerative repair and restoration of function.
Variations on Consent
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTwo articles in the March‐April 2021 issue of the Hastings Center Report consider alterations to traditional informed consent. In “The Consent Continuum: A New Model of Consent, Assent, and Nondissent for Primary Care,” Marc Tunzi and colleagues argue that, in primary care settings, patient consent should be understood as taking a range of forms depending on the procedure, the patient, and the patient‐care context. Traditional informed consent is at the ceremonious end; for many things done in these settings, the authors assert, assent or even nondissent is fine. In the lead article, health policy scholars Stephanie Morain and Emily Largent consider another continuum for informed consent, this one occurring with pragmatic research, at the intersection of clinical care with research.
Public Attitudes toward Consent When Research Is Integrated into Care—Any “Ought” from All the “Is”?
Authors: Morain Stephanie R. , Largent Emily A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch that is integrated into ongoing clinical activities holds the potential to accelerate the generation of knowledge to improve the health of individuals and populations. Yet integrating research into clinical care presents difficult ethical and regulatory challenges, including how or whether to obtain informed consent. Multiple empirical studies have explored patients' and the public's attitudes toward approaches to consent for pragmatic research. Questions remain, however, about how to use the resulting empirical data in resolving normative and policy debates and what kind of data warrants the most consideration. We recommend prioritizing data about what people consider acceptable with respect to consent for pragmatic research and data about people's informed, rather than initial, preferences on this subject. In addition, we advise caution regarding the weight given to majority viewpoints and identify circumstances when empirical data can be overridden. We argue that empirical data bolster normative arguments that alterations of consent should be the default in pragmatic research; waivers are appropriate only when the pragmatic research would otherwise be impracticable and has sufficiently high social value.
Estimating optimal willingness to pay thresholds for cost‐effectiveness analysis: A generalized method
Authors: Phelps Charles E , Cinatl Chris 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOperationalizing cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) requires that decisionmakers select maximum willingness to pay thresholds (K). We generalize previous methods used to estimate K using highly flexible hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) utility functions that encompass a wide range of risk behavior. For HARA utility, we calculate formulas for relative risk aversion (r*) and relative prudence (π∗), using literature‐based estimates to calibrate our HARA model. We then assess optimal WTP thresholds (K) in absolute value and relative to income (K/M). Across the most‐plausible range of risk preference parameters (r* and π∗), optimal K/M ratios sit (approximately) in the range of 1 to 3, although we cannot readily rule out larger K/M values. The optimal K always increases with income, while K/M falls with income if utility has increasing relative risk aversion. Results of this more‐general model of economic utility are broadly consistent with previous work using more‐restrictive Weibull functions. More precision in measuring the key parameters—particularly relative prudence (π∗) will narrow down the range of K/M estimates. The highly general HARA structure illuminates why and how optimal CEA thresholds change with income. An appendix illuminates how relative risk aversion and relative prudence relate to each other.
A study on financial sustainability of healthcare indicators for Turkey under the health transformation program
Authors: Kilci Esra N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper attempts to assess the financial sustainability of the healthcare system in Turkey by providing an empirical evaluation by concentrating on Turkey’s healthcare system as a single country case after presenting the main developments with the transition to the Health Transformation Program (HTP) which was mainly carried out from 2003 through 2013. The analysis covers the period from 1999 through 2018 in which Turkey has undergone a significant transformation process in terms of the healthcare system. In the analysis, we employ a recent empirical approach which uses the Residual Augmented Least Squares procedure to examine the financial sustainability of healthcare indicators. Our findings suggest that healthcare indicators do not have a financially consistent pattern in the analysis period.
Chief executive officer positive framing and employee ownership
Authors: Li Jiangyan , Shi Wei , Dasborough Marie T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEmployee ownership is an important governance tool used to encourage employee participation and enhance employee productivity, but we know little about what encourages employee ownership. This study investigates the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) positive framing in public speeches on employee ownership. We propose that CEO positive framing can increase employee ownership when employees internalize CEOs' positive beliefs about firms' accomplishments and prospects. Using a sample of 664 U.S. listed firms from 2002 to 2018, we find that CEO positive framing increases employee ownership. In addition, the stock purchasing behaviors of top executives, analyst recommendations, and positive media coverage strengthen the effectiveness of CEOs' positive framing on employee ownership. Findings from this study advance employee ownership research by highlighting the vital role of CEOs' public language use in promoting employee ownership.
Minding the maps: Using visual mapping methodology and installation art to understand differences in client service accessibility among nonprofit organizations in Los Angeles
Authors: Capous‐Desyllas Moshoula , Bogumil Elizabeth , Lara Patricia , Reshetnikov Aleksey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study highlights the pathways of clients' social service usage through qualitative interviews and visual mapping methodology. Undergraduate students interviewed clients at diverse social service agencies in Los Angeles that include homeless shelters, child welfare organizations, domestic violence organizations, LGBTQIA youth‐oriented agencies, nonprofits serving older adults, schools, and organizations serving low‐income families. Students used the information gathered from the interviews to visually map their clients' environmental and structural barriers, as well as their pathways to service. The research team then analyzed the students' visual maps to create one cohesive, complex, and multilayered visual map representing clients' overall barriers and pathways to social services in Los Angeles.
Recent advances in integrated process analytical techniques, modeling, and control strategies to enable continuous biomanufacturing of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Chopda Viki , Gyorgypal Aron , Yang Ou , Singh Ravendra , Ramachandran Rohit , Zhang Haoran , Tsilomelekis George , Chundawat Shishir P S , Ierapetritou Marianthi G 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContinuous bioprocessing is significantly changing the biological drugs (or biologics) manufacturing landscape by potentially improving product quality, process stability, and overall profitability, as was similarly seen during the adoption of advanced manufacturing processes for small molecule drugs in the past decade. However, the implementation of continuous manufacturing for biological processes producing protein‐based drug molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is facing several new hurdles. The barriers to continuous bioprocessing can be overcome through improved process understanding via better predictive capabilities enabled by hybrid modeling that can also lead to robust process control. This review article summarizes the recent advances and ongoing obstacles faced during the use of advanced process analytical technologies (PAT), process modeling, and control strategies to enable continuous manufacturing of mAbs. In addition, this review also discusses the process strategies and future directions of advanced continuous manufacturing approaches that have been adapted by other industries and that could be implemented for mAbs production soon. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Structural adaption of the nasal conchae of Eurasian common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus chloropus, Linnaeus, 1758)—Histomorphological study
Authors: Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the current study, the nasal conchae of the Eurasian common moorhen were grossly and histologically examined for 20 healthy adult birds. Rostral (RC), middle (MC), and caudal (CC) conchae in each side of the nasal cavity were observed. The anatomical cross sections revealed that, the RC was noncurved in its rostral and middle parts, and one half turn in its caudal part. The MC was one half turn in its rostral part, one turn in its middle part, and one and one half turns in its caudal part. The CC was like a pouch from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Histologically, the distribution of the mucous glands was different among the three conchae; In RC, the ducts of these glands were intraepithelial, while the acini were located in the propria–submucosa toward the convex surface of the concha and absent toward its concave surface. In MC, they were intraepithelial and opened directly on the surface epithelium of the convex and concave surfaces. In CC, they were intraepithelial in few number near the convex surface of the concha and with abundant number in the propria–submucosa and absent near the concave surface. The RC was richer in the vascularity than the other two conchae. The nasal conchae were functioning for conditioning of the inspired air and entrapping the antigens presented in it.
Comparative palynology and taxonomic implication of Jasminum L. (Oleaceae) species from Pakistan on the bases of scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Akhtar Naeem , Hayat Muhammad Qasim , Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmed , Abbasi Nadeem Akhtar , Malik Saad Imran , Habib Umer , Hussain Adil , Potter Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractJasminum L. is the largest genus containing ~200 species found wild mostly in the tropical regions of the world. The comparative palynological study of nine Pakistani Jasminum species with SEM showed zonocolpus, trilobate, and tricolpus pollen types with simple endocolpus apertures which are plesiomorphic and conserved in the Jasminum species. The equatorial pollen view was prolate, subprolate, and perprolate with elliptic, lobate, subcircular whereas polar view was subtriangular in all species. Few characters were specific to some species like heteropolarity in Jasminum grandiflorum and foveolate exine ornamentation with rounded heterobrochate in Jasminum angulare whereas reticulate and angular homobrochate character was common in other species. The UPGMA dendrogram based on qualitative characters did not support the phylogenetic classification of the genus Jasminum as these are highly conserved. The quantitative data showed more variation in some characters whereas few characters showed little or no variation. A greater variation in pollen size was observed among the variants of same species, for example, Jasminum humile showed highly variable polar length and equatorial diameter as compared to other species. Minimum variation was observed in colpus length which divided all species in to two groups. The large lumina were specific to Jasminum nitidum and broader muri was the prominent characteristic of Jasminum angulare. Some species like Jasminum sambac and Jasminum azoricum were unable to develop true pollen due to structural or functional disabilities. So, the quantitative characters of pollen are only suitable for palynological based grouping of Jasminum species but less suitable to infer their evolutionary relationship.
Realization of noncontact confocal optical microsphere imaging microscope
Authors: Zhou Yan , Hong Minghui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA novel noncontact confocal optical microsphere imaging microscope (COMIM) is proposed to achieve high contrast optical nano‐imaging at a high scanning speed. The developed setup obtains images with significantly higher contrast when compared with conventional bright‐field microsphere nano‐imaging, as well as with a commercial confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). With the image‐by‐image scanning scheme, COMIM takes only 11% time to complete a three‐dimensional (3D) scanning image than using a commercial CLSM, while still offers an outstanding resolving power for the nano‐features on the sample.
Pharmacogenomic education among genetic counseling training programs in North America
Authors: Loudon Elizabeth , Scott Stuart A. , Rigobello Robert , Scott Erick R. , Zinberg Randi , Naik Hetanshi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of genetic counselors participating directly in clinical pharmacogenomic post‐test counseling prompted our evaluation of pharmacogenomic education across genetic counseling training programs in North America. Thirty‐one program leadership participants from both the United States (U.S.) and Canada responded to a survey assessing pharmacogenomics education and the role of genetic counselors. Eighty‐five percent of respondents agreed pharmacogenomics is currently within the scope of genetic counseling practice, and 96.3% indicated their training programs currently provide education on pharmacogenomics, with the majority reporting < 7 hr of education. Lectures on pharmacogenomics were the most common method for didactics; however, some programs also included practical modalities (e.g., case studies, clinical rotations) and online resources. Barriers to expanding pharmacogenomic education included the constrained timeline of training, and lack of resources and local expertise. Moreover, participants suggested that genetic counselors ideally should be able to order pharmacogenomic tests and counsel patients on pharmacogenomics, including result interpretation, as they believe pharmacogenomics does fall within the scope of practice of genetic counseling. Our novel results also confirm that training program leadership support a pharmacogenomic service delivery model that includes a combined effort between genetic counselors and pharmacists to utilize their synergistic expertise. However, this model likely still necessitates expanding pharmacogenomic didactics in genetic counseling training programs through more practical training and/or by leveraging online pharmacogenomic courses dedicated to supporting clinical implementation.
LINC00958 promotes endometrial cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating the miR‐145‐3p/TCF4 axis
Authors: Jiang Ying , Qiao Zhiwei , Jiang Jing , Zhang Jingru 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert an essential regulatory role in cancer progression. This work focuses on the role of LINC00958 in endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsLINC00958 expression in EC tissues was examined by GEPIA database and TCGA‐UCEC dataset. LINC00958, miR‐145‐3p, and TCF4 mRNA expression levels in EC tissues and cells were examined by qRT‐PCR. Western blot was employed to determine TCF4, E‐cadherin, and N‐cadherin protein expression levels. After LINC00958 was overexpressed or silenced, cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK‐8) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiments. Cell migration and invasion were examined by Transwell experiment. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) experiments were executed to validate the targeting relationships among LINC00958 and miR‐145‐3p and TCF4. The effects of LINC00958 on EC cell proliferation and metastasis were investigated in vivo using a nude mouse subcutaneous graft model and a caudal vein injection model.ResultsLINC00958 was remarkably upmodulated in EC. Moreover, its overexpression was strongly linked to unfavorable overall survival of the patients. Functional experiments confirmed that in vitro knockdown of LINC00958 suppressed EC cell proliferation and metastasis. LINC00958 was validated to decoy miR‐145‐3p and repressed its expression, and TCF4 was uncovered to be a target gene of miR‐145‐3p and negatively modulated by miR‐145‐3p. Furthermore, the function of LINC00958 was dependent on its regulation of miR‐145‐3p and TCF4.ConclusionsLINC00958 acts as an oncogenic lncRNA to regulate EC progression by modulating the miR‐145‐3p/TCF4 axis. Knockdown of LINC00958 impedes tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, opening a new avenue for therapeutic intervention.