bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flume experiments reveal flows in the Burgess Shale can sample and transport organisms across substantial distances
Authors: Bath Enright Orla G. , Minter Nicholas J. , Sumner Esther J. , Mángano M. Gabriela , Buatois Luis A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exceptionally preserved fossils entombed in the deposits of sediment-gravity flows in the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia have been fundamental for understanding the origin of major animal groups during the Cambrian explosion. More recently, they have been used to investigate the evolution of community structure; however, this assumes that the fossil assemblage represents an in-life community. Here we test this assumption for the first time based on experimental and field approaches. We use flume experiments to create analog flows and show that transport of the polychaete Alitta virens over tens of kilometers does not induce significantly more damage beyond that already experienced due to normal decay processes. Integration of experimental results with taphonomic assessment of fossils and sedimentological analysis suggests that the organisms of the Burgess Shale in the classic Walcott Quarry locality could have undergone substantial transport and may represent a conflation of more than one community.
Biogenic selenium nanoparticles by Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviate the intestinal permeability, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy induced by oxidative stress
Authors: Yan Shuqi , Qiao Lei , Dou Xina , Song Xiaofan , Chen Yue , Zhang Baohua , Xu Chunlan 
Published: June 2021

SeNPs synthesized by L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively alleviate the H2O2-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction through regulating mTOR/PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
Irrigation of the cultivated area with groundwater from vertical drainage wells
Authors: Mirkhasilova Zulfiya , Yakubov Мurat , Irmuhamedova Lyudmila 
Published: June 2021

In recent years, there has been a shortage of water resources in the basins of the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers, which is the result of the development of new lands for irrigation and the inappropriate use of water and land resources.
A side effect of irrigation and land reclamation is the increasing flow of collector-drainage waters every year, which leads to a deterioration in the land reclamation state and pollution of water resources, which can lead to the ecological disaster of land and water resources. Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan, from the total volume of water resources of the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers, up to 68% is used for irrigation. Of this volume on the Republic territory, about 12% of collector-drainage waters of deteriorated quality are formed. With a shortage of water resources, they are used for irrigation. But irrigation with saline waters can lead to a deterioration in the land reclamation state. In this regard, new irrigation technologies are proposed, which can save both irrigation water and it is advisable to use underground pumped water for irrigation.
Field experiments were carried out in the farm "Khozhilkhon-hozhi" in the farm named after A. Niyazov, Kuva district, Fergana region. A feature of the soil conditions in this farm is the small thickness of the covered fine earth, underlain by highly permeable gravel, strong and increased water permeability, with a deep groundwater level (GWL> 3 m).
Large water losses are observed during irrigation. The calculation task was to determine how many hectares of land can be irrigated from one vertical drainage well, taking into account the irrigation time, inter-irrigation period, etc.
The water-salt balance of the reclaimed lands for 2017-2019 was compiled. The water-salt balance showed that water supply and filtration from canals and atmospheric precipitation play the main role in the inlet part. In the consumable part, the main place is occupied by evapotranspiration and drainage flow. In general, a negative balance is formed on the territory annually by the type of a small salt carryover within 2.85 t / ha. On the territory of the farm and the experimental plot, cotton of the S-6524 variety was sown, the flow rate of the well is 30 l / s, the furrow consumption is 0.5 l / s. The composition of hypothetical salts in the pumped-out waters is calculated
After the first irrigation of our field, the pumped-out water is diverted to the neighboring fields, while the first inter-irrigation period is 20 days. In the interval of these 20 days until the second irrigation of the cotton of the original field, it is possible to irrigate the same fields 5 hectares 8 times, in total 40 hectares of land.
The experiments showed that irrigation with pumped water from vertical drainage wells did not have a negative impact on the yield of cotton. And the use of the recommended irrigation technology will reduce the shortage of irrigation water and improve the ecological situation of water resources.
Zahnstörfelder – Behandlung mit Neuraltherapie im interdisziplinären Kontext
Authors: Stamer Nicolás 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDie übergeordnete Rolle der Störfelder bzw. Neuromodulativer Trigger im Bereich der Zähne und der Kieferknochen haben großen Einfluss auf Krankheiten und funktionelle Beschwerden bei unseren Patienten. Das Ziel ist es, durch unterschiedliche diagnostische Schritte die Störfelder im Trigeminusbereich zu diagnostizieren und als Neuraltherapeut zur zahnärztlichen Intervention zu begleiten. Eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit einem Zahnarzt/Kieferchirurgen kann unumgänglich werden, vor allem bei chronischen Krankheitsbildern mit fehlender Kompensation der Beschwerden.
Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior en esquiadores: Conceptos actuales
Authors: Negrín Roberto , Rubio José , Sepúlveda Vicente , Cordero José , Sandoval Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

ResumenEl esquí es un deporte individual con una tasa de lesiones de 1,84 por 1.000 días esquiador en la población general. Las roturas del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) son algunas de las más comunes, llegando a una tasa de 5 por cada 100 esquiadores por temporada a nivel competitivo, debido a la gran exigencia a la que se encuentran sometidas las rodillas. Lo anterior presenta un desafío para el traumatólogo a la hora de plantear un manejo. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura respecto de los mecanismos de lesión, tratamiento, prevención, rehabilitación y uso de órtesis en el retorno deportivo. Se describen los mecanismos clásicos de lesión en esquiadores amateurs y competitivos. La mayoría de las lesiones de LCA son de resolución quirúrgica, en que la recomendación de reconstrucción debe ser con injerto autólogo de hueso-tendón patelar-hueso, salvo en los pacientes mayores o en pacientes con fisis abierta, en los que se recomienda el uso de injerto autólogo de semitendinoso-gracilis. La prevención y rehabilitación se basan en mejorar la fuerza y el control neuromuscular de los estabilizadores dinámicos de la rodilla implementándose programas específicos, evaluación del gesto deportivo, y pruebas de control neuromuscular. Se recomienda el uso de órtesis funcionales adecuadas en los pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA. Las lesiones de LCA en esquiadores de nivel competitivo son habituales, de manejo específico y multidisciplinario. La elección del injerto y del tipo de rehabilitación son fundamentales en el retorno deportivo del esquiador. Nivel de evidencia: V.
A systematic study on 2p → 3d radiative opacity of lowly charged Cu plasmas
Authors: Yu Wenhang , Jin Fengtao , Hou Yong , Gao Cheng , Wu Jianhua , Zeng Jiaolong , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: June 2021

The L-shell radiative opacity of lowly charged Cu plasmas is investigated using a detailed level accounting method. The transmission spectra are compared with a recent experiment at ∼16 eV and 0.005 g/cm3, and good agreement is observed. For a systematic study, radiative opacities caused by 2p → 3d transitions at temperatures of 10–35 eV and densities of 0.001–0.1 g/cm3 are calculated. The dominant ionization stages are lowly charged ones with an open M-shell at such plasma conditions. The result shows that charge state distribution and radiative opacities are very sensitive to temperature. The two strongest absorption peaks of 2p3/2 → 3d5/2 and 2p1/2 → 3d3/2 caused by relativistic orbital splitting are well separated at temperatures lower than 25 eV, whereas they are mixed together to form a broadband structure at higher temperatures.
Honoring Teachers As Professionals
Authors: Grimes Alisa , Schrode Nicole , Stober Rebecca , Wachowski Shannon 
Published: June 2021

Honoring Teachers As Professionals: Stories and Pathways for Growth in Your Classroom and Career is a guide for retaining and engaging educators using classroom educational research methods. It introduces the process to become a published educational researcher; adopt and develop creative, inductive curricula; empower students; and build community as a pathway towards leadership in the educational fi eld. By conducting purposeful, peer-reviewed research, this work shows how personal and pedagogical changes have transformed classrooms into spaces where students can feel empowered and induce scientific concepts. This book's strengths include the interlacing of theory with practice, honoring education as a professional field using language that easily connects with both novice and experienced teachers.
Other key features include:Approachable, narrative, and anecdotal writing styleGuidance to help address low retention rates and job satisfaction among teachersDiscussion about fostering a sense of community among teachers, and how to approach the building of such communities
This book is for administrators, researchers, teachers, and other professionals in education. It is a valuable resource for graduate students in education, policy advocates, and parents.
Arundo donax (giant reed).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

A. donax is an aggressive species with an ability to reproduce quickly, allowing it to out-compete native plant species, and has established itself as one of the primary threats to native riparian habitats in its introduced range, dramatically altering ecological and successional processes and altering habitats towards dense, monotypic stands up to 8 m tall. It is listed as one of the 100 world's worst invasive alien species (ISSG, 2011). This species represent a serious concern in arid and semiarid habitats because it outcompete native vegetation in the access to soil-water. It uses more water than native plants, lowering groundwater tables. A. donax is highly flammable and can change fire regimes in invaded areas (USDA-ARS, 2014). Control is an expensive process involving cutting plants to the ground and manual application of herbicides to avoid harming native species. Biological control efforts are being developed as one of the primary tools for the long-term management of this pest. However, A. donax is a valuable and very fast-growing crop that is being promoted for the production of fuel, fibres and pulp, and is also widely used as an ornamental. This means that further introductions are likely and the balance between exploitation and threat as an invasive plant requires careful consideration (Raghu et al., 2006; Low and Booth, 2007).
Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals).
Authors: Cowger Christina , Brown James K. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Powdery mildew is one of the most common and destructive diseases of cereals. Actual losses depend on the time of disease epidemic onset and its severity, and can at the extreme reach up to 60% (James et al., 1991; Oerke et al., 1994). Although it occurs in most, if not all, parts of the world where cereals are grown, powdery mildew is not considered to be a major problem in every region. This disease can be very destructive, but generally seems to cause most damage in temperate latitudes, especially in the northern hemisphere, where wheat and barley are more frequently cultivated (see map in Cowger et al., 2012). However, powdery mildew can also be a limiting factor for cereal production in subtropical and tropical areas. Yield losses by powdery mildews are generally complex to estimate and depend on several factors such as climate, year, cropping system, cereal species and cultivar.
Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (clover proliferation phytoplasma).
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The reference strain of 'Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii' is the causative agent of clover proliferation (CP) disease of alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum). The CP disease was first reported in Canada in the early 1960s when the aetiological agent was mistakenly presumed to be a yellows-type virus (Chiykowski, 1965). Subsequent investigations revealed that the disease was associated with infection by a mycoplasma-like organism (Chen and Hiruki, 1975>; Hiruki and Chen, 1984), now termed phytoplasma, strain CPR (Hiruki and Wang, 2004). Later, phytoplasmas of the same lineage (subgroup 16SrVI-A) were found in the USA, Mexico, and many countries in Europe and Asia, causing diseases in diverse leguminous and vegetable crops, responsible for significant yield losses and quality reductions. Phytoplasmas of the same lineage also caused disease in elm trees in the USA. Phytoplasmas of closely-related lineages (various subgroups of group 16SrVI) also have wide distributions around the world.
Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut).
Authors: Rago Alejandro , Paredes Juan Andrés , Cazón Luis Ignacio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Thecaphora frezii is the causal agent of peanut smut. The disease was first reported in 1962 in wild peanuts from Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It was first detected in commercial crops in 1995 in the central-northern area of Córdoba province, Argentina. The prevalence of peanut smut has gradually increased. In the 2011/12 growing season, the disease was found in all production fields in Córdoba province and, two years later, it was found in all peanut production areas of Argentina. The increase in the intensity of peanut smut in Argentina has been accompanied by increasing yield losses.
Electronic structure and K-edge X-ray absorption of iron monosilicide
Authors: Potudanskii G P , Peshkov Ya A , Kurganskii S I 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we present theoretical modelling of the band structure of iron monosilicide FeSi. Special attention is paid to the total and partial densities of electronic states along with K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectra of iron. A good agreement was found between known experimental data and our theoretical calculations.
Versatile firmware for the Common Readout Unit (CRU) of the ALICE experiment at the LHC
Authors: Bourrion O. , Bouvier J. , Costa F. , Dávid E. , Imrek J. , Nguyen T.M. , Mukherjee S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As from the run 3 of CERN LHC scheduled in 2022, the upgraded ALICE experiment will use a Common Readout Unit (CRU) at the heart of the data acquisition system. The CRU, based on the PCIe40 hardware designed for LHCb, is a common interface between 3 main sub-systems: the front-end, the computing system, and the trigger and timing system. The 475 CRUs will interface 10 different sub-detectors and reduce the total data throughput from 3.5 TB/s to 635 GB/s. The ALICE common firmware framework supports data taking in continuous and triggered mode and forwards clock, trigger and slow control to the front-end electronics. In this paper, the architecture and the data-flow performance are presented.
The Effect of Lipoaspirate Processing Technique on Complications in Autologous Fat Grafting for Breast Reconstruction: A Propensity Score Analysis Study
Authors: Assad Malke , Howell Skyler M , Liu Jun , Reece Gregory P , Chang Edward I , Garvey Patrick B , Butler Charles E , Hanson Summer E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The use of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is becoming increasingly common as an adjunct to breast reconstruction. However, there is a paucity of data comparing the varying processing devices.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes of 2 commercially available AFG processing devices.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent AFG with dual-filter (Puregraft) or single-filter (Revolve) processing systems between 2016 and 2019. Propensity score matching was utilized to adjust for confounding. A total of 38 breasts from the Puregraft group were matched with 38 breasts from the Revolve group.

Results
Matching was successful in achieving a similar distribution of baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. The mean number of AFG sessions was comparable between the 2 groups (P = 0.37) with a similar median total volume (Puregraft, 159 mL vs Revolve, 130 mL; P = 0.23). Complication rates were similar between the 2 devices (Puregraft, 26%; Revolve, 18%; P = 0.47). Patients with at least 1 complication had higher overall AFG volume (median, 200 mL vs 130 mL; P = 0.03) and number of sessions (mean, 2.4 vs 1.8, P = 0.009) compared with those without any postoperative complication.

Conclusions
Overall complication rates were comparable between 2 commonly used, commercially available AFG processing systems, and therefore the choice of which to use should be based on surgeon preference. Future studies are underway to decipher whether either system offers superior graft retention, cosmetic, or patient-reported outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3
Molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygoninae) reveals limitations of traditional taxonomy
Authors: Fontenelle João Pedro , Lovejoy Nathan R , Kolmann Matthew A , Marques Fernando P L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The subfamily Potamotrygoninae, the only extant clade of elasmobranchs exclusive to freshwater environments, encompasses four genera and 38 species distributed across almost every major South American river basin. Despite their importance in the ornamental fish trade, the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within potamotrygonines have not yet been resolved. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical freshwater stingrays, based on extensive species and population sampling (35 species and &gt; 350 individuals from drainages across South America). Our phylogeny corroborates the monophyly of the genera Paratrygon and Heliotrygon and the monophyly of the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade. Within the Potamotrygon + Plesiotrygon clade, we identify a core Potamotrygon clade characterized by short branches, low nodal support and incongruence with current species-level taxonomy. In the core Potamotrygon clade, specimens of widespread species, such as Potamotrygon motoro and Potamotrygon orbignyi, do not form monophyletic lineages; instead, specimens from these species are often closely related to those of other species from the same river basins. These patterns could be caused by inaccurate taxonomy, hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting and rapid diversification. We discuss the conservation of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from a phylogenetic perspective and suggest ways to prioritize potamotrygonid conservation efforts with respect to endemism and evolutionary distinctiveness.
Machine-learning method for localization of cerebral white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults based on retinal images
Authors: Zee Benny , Wong Yanny , Lee Jack , Fan Yuhua , Zeng Jinsheng , Lam Bonnie , Wong Adrian , Shi Lin , Lee Allen , Kwok Chloe , Lai Maria , Mok Vincent , Lau Alexander 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Retinal vessels are known to be associated with various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease outcomes. Recent research has shown significant correlations between retinal characteristics and the presence of cerebral small vessel disease as measured by white matter hyperintensities from cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. Early detection of age-related white matter changes using retinal images is potentially helpful for population screening and allow early behavioural and lifestyle intervention. This study investigates the ability of the machine-learning method for the localization of brain white matter hyperintensities. All subjects were age 65 or above without any history of stroke and dementia and recruited from local community centres and community networks. Subjects with known retinal disease or disease influencing vessel structure in colour retina images were excluded. All subjects received MRI on the brain, and age-related white matter changes grading was determined from MRI as the primary endpoint. The presence of age-related white matter changes on each of the six brain regions was also studied. Retinal images were captured using a fundus camera, and the analysis was done based on a machine-learning approach. A total of 240 subjects are included in the study. The analysis of various brain regions included the left and right sides of frontal lobes, parietal–occipital lobes and basal ganglia. Our results suggested that data from both eyes are essential for detecting age-related white matter changes in the brain regions, but the retinal parameters useful for estimation of the probability of age-related white matter changes in each of the brain regions may differ for different locations. Using a classification and regression tree approach, we also found that at least three significant heterogeneous subgroups of subjects were identified to be essential for the localization of age-related white matter changes. Namely those with age-related white matter changes in the right frontal lobe, those without age-related white matter changes in the right frontal lobe but with age-related white matter changes in the left parietal–occipital lobe, and the rest of the subjects. Outcomes such as risks of severe grading of age-related white matter changes and the proportion of hypertension were significantly related to these subgroups. Our study showed that automatic retinal image analysis is a convenient and non-invasive screening tool for detecting age-related white matter changes and cerebral small vessel disease with good overall performance. The localization analysis for various brain regions shows that the classification models on each of the six brain regions can be done, and it opens up potential future clinical application.
In-situ calibration of stand level merchantable and sawlog volumes using cut-to-length harvester measurements and airborne laser scanning data
Authors: Karjalainen Tomi , Mehtätalo Lauri , Packalen Petteri , Malinen Jukka , Næsset Erik , Gobakken Terje , Maltamo Matti 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Forest management inventories assisted by airborne laser scanning (ALS) can be used to predict different forest attributes. These predictions are utilized in practical forestry, but in the case of timber assortment-specific volumes, the ALS-based predictions can be inaccurate. This causes uncertainty in harvest planning. However, ALS-based predictions can be calibrated to achieve greater accuracy with local measurements. In this study, we used ALS data and accurately positioned cut-to-length harvester measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) dominated clear-cuts. We fitted linear mixed-effects (LME) models with exponential correlation structure for merchantable volume and sawlog volume for 225 m2 cells. Our aim was to study the effect of local harvester measurements on the accuracy of stand level merchantable and sawlog volumes. LME-based predictions were calibrated repeatedly up to 40 times as the cutting progressed. ALS data and harvester measurements were used to predict both the random effects and residual errors for each validation unit. At best, relative root mean square error (RMSE%) of initial predictions of 15.4 per cent for merchantable volume and 22.1 per cent for sawlog volume were reduced to 4.1 and 5.3 per cent, respectively, when measurements from 40 harvested cells of size 225 m2 were used. These results suggest that spatially accurate harvester data could be utilized during harvesting to increase the accuracy of volume and timber assortment predictions.