bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and Gene Regulation Network of GRK6 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma based on Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Deng Zexun , Li Xiaomei , Peng Xinxin , Zhao Weijie , Xia Tiancheng , Ji Taoze , Yang Junjie , Wu Yinxia , Yu Junjie , Zhou Liqun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. As the symptoms of patients with early renal clear cell carcinoma are not obvious, the appearance of obvious symptoms means that the tumor is already at an advanced stage. The 5-year survival rate is only 5-10%. It is necessary to discern novel biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ccRCC. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6(GRK6) is closely related with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, GRK6 is the focus of our research.Methods：The sequencing date from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus were used to analyze GRK6 expression and gene regulation networks in expression of GRK6 and used cBioPortal to identify GRK6 alterations and related functional analyze Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The target networks of kinases, miRNAs and transcription factors were examined by Gene enrichment analysis.Results: Eventually, we found that GRK6 is overexpressed and amplification is the most common type of GRK6 CNV in ccRcc. The functional networks of GRK6 is in connection with cytokine metabolic process, chemokine regulation，interferon-gamma production and adaptive immune response. Functional network analysis suggested that GRK6 regulates proteasome, ribosome, base excision repair, DNA replication, RNA splicing and protein translation via pathways involving multiple tumor-associated kinases, miRNAs and transcription factors.Conclusions: The results show that data mining efficiently reveals information about GRK6 expression and potential networks in ccRcc, and it lays a solid foundation for future research of the role of GRK6 in carcinogenesis.
Environment Impact and Probabilistic Health Risks of PAHs In Dusts Surrounding an Iron and Steel Enterprise
Authors: Wei Xiaofeng , Ding Chun , Chen Chunzhu , Zhu Li , Zhang Guiqin , Sun Youmin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dust can be regarded as environmental medium that indicates the level and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) coming from different pollution sources. In this study, samples including road dust, roof dust, and bare soil near an iron and steel enterprise (ISE) in Laiwu city of North China were collected. To assess the environment impact, atmosphere particulates and one flue dust from a coking plant were simultaneously sampled. Sixteen USEPA PAHs were detected quantitatively by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS). A laser particle size analyzer was used to obtain the grain size of the dust particle samples. The results showed that PAH concentrations displayed great variability in the dust samples. The ∑16 PAHs concentration was found to be between 0.460 and 46.970 μg/g (avg ± sd: 10.892 ± 1.185 μg/g) in road dust, between 0.670 and 17.140 μg/g (avg ± sd: 6.751 ± 0.692 μg/g) in roof dust, and 13.990 ± 1.203 μg/g in bare soil. In the environment atmosphere sites, the ∑16 PAHs value in PM2.5 constituted a very large proportion of PM10, indicating that PAHs in finer particle sizes should be given greater emphasis. The ∑16PAHs concentration was relatively high in the area close to the ISE because of the great impact of the ISE industrial activities. PAH concentration curves were similar, and the most abundant individual PAHs in the atmosphere sites were BbF, BkF, and Flu, and BbF, BkF, and Chry in dusts. Toxicity analysis revealed that PAHs with four rings, including carcinogenic PAHs, were the dominant pollutants in the studied area. The toxic equivalency value (TEQBaP), the carcinogenic health risk assessment value recommended by the US EPA, was calculated for seven carcinogenic PAHs, revealing that they account for more than 93.0% of the total TEQBap of the 16 PAHs and indicating the major toxic equivalent concentration contributor. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) estimation results showed that PAHs tended to bring about great health risks through skin contact, followed by ingestion and inhalation. By comparison, road dust exhibited greater carcinogenic risks than roof dust, and bare soil may undergo heavier pollution. Therefore, the results of this study would be helpful in the effort to understand the PAHs pollution from the steel industry, which will provide some guidance for the probabilistic assessment of local health risks.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Bone Marrow Niche Consist of Multi-Populations With Distinct Transcriptional and Epigenetic Properties
Authors: Kanazawa Sanshiro , Hojo Hironori , Ohba Shinsuke , Iwata Junichi , Komura Makoto , Hikita Atsuhiko , Hoshi Kazuto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although multiple studies have investigated the mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSCs) that give rise to mature bone marrow, high heterogeneity in their morphologies and properties causes difficulties in molecular separation of their distinct populations. In this study, by taking advantage of the resolution of the single cell transcriptome, we analyzed Sca-1 and PDGFR-α fraction in the mouse bone marrow tissue. The single cell transcriptome enabled us to further classify the population into seven populations according to their gene expression profiles. We then separately obtained the seven populations based on candidate marker genes, and specified their gene expression properties and epigenetic landscape by ATAC-seq. Our findings will enable to elucidate the stem cell niche signal in the bone marrow microenvironment, reconstitute bone marrow in vitro, and shed light on the potentially important role of identified subpopulation in various clinical applications to the treatment of bone- and bone marrow-related diseases.
Reliability and Validity of Chinese Version of Brace Questionnaire for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Dong , Yao Mengqi , Wan Rudan , Liao Bagen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There is an increasing concern about the impact of bracing on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, up to now, few multidimensional questionnaires on this impact are available in China. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Brace Questionnaire (C-BrQ).Methods: The BrQ was translated from Greek into Chinese with proper cross-cultural adaptation.An observational, cross-sectional study in Chinese patients with AIS was conducted to measure the temporal stability of C-BrQ using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The effects of ceiling and floor were evaluated and the reliability was verified by examining the internal consistency. The C-BrQ domains were compared with the domains in C-SRS-22 using Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess the concurrent validity.Results: A total of 208 patients were included in the study. The results of test-retest reliability for each dimension of C-BrQ were desirable. The floor or ceiling effects were not demonstrated in the C-BrQ and C-SRS-22. Satisfactory internal consistency was found in all the C-BrQ domains. Most C-BrQ and C-SRS-22 domains showed satisfactory correlation coefficients, except when vitality and school activity in C-BrQ were compared with self-image, mental health and management satisfaction in C-SRS -22, respectively.Conclusion: C-BrQ is reliable in evaluating the QoL of AIS patients receiving brace treatment.Trial registration: This study protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration number: ChiCTR1800018310).
Electro-Absorption Modulation in GeSn Alloys for Wide-Spectrum Mid-Infrared Applications
Authors: Hsieh Yun-Da , Lin Jun-Han , Soref Richard , Sun Greg , Cheng Hung-Hsiang , Chang Guo-En 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Si-based electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs), which are compatible with state-of-the-art complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes, offer promising opportunities for on-chip mid-infrared (MIR) photonic systems. However, the lack of efficient MIR optical modulators on Si hinders the utilization of MIR EPICs. Here, we clearly demonstrate the Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect in GeSn alloys and achieve on-Si MIR electro-absorption optical modulation using GeSn heterostructures. Our experimental and theoretical results verify that the direct bandgap energy of GeSn can be widely tuned by varying the Sn content, thereby realizing wavelength-tunable optical modulation in the MIR range with a figure-of-merit of Δα /α0 (FOM) greater than 1.5 and a broadband operating range greater than 140 nm. In contrast to conventional silicon-photonic modulators based on the plasma dispersion effect, our GeSn heterostructure demonstrates practical and effective FK MIR optical modulation on Si and helps unlock the potential of MIR EPICs for a wide range of applications.
Androgen-deprivation Therapy and the Risk of newly Developed Fractures in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Kim Jong Won , Lee Hye Sun , Park Ju-Young , Ahn Hyun Kyu , Ha Jee Soo , Cho Kang Su 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated the risk of osteoporosis and fractures associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) use and duration in men with prostate cancer.Methods: From the nationwide claims database in South Korea, a total of 218,203 men with prostate cancer were identified between 2008 and 2017. To adjust for comorbidities between cohorts, 1:1 propensity score matching was used. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of events associated with ADT. Results: In the matched cohort, there were differences in the incidence of newly developed osteoporosis (8.79% in the ADT group vs. 7.08% in the non-ADT group, p < 0.0001) and fractures (8.12% in the ADT group vs. 5.04% in the non-ADT group, p < 0.0001). Age-adjusted Cox regression analysis revealed that the ADT group had a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis (HR, 1.381; 95% CI, 1.305–1.461; p < 0.0001) and fractures (HR, 1.815; 95% CI; 1.703–1.935; p < 0.0001) compared to the non-ADT group. Furthermore, the risk of osteoporosis and fractures increased as the duration of ADT increased.Conclusions: The ADT was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures in prostate cancer patients.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis and Porto-Mesenteric Venous Gas: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Seta Marta , Kloeckner Roman , Santos Daniel Pinto dos , Walter-Rittel Thula , Hahn Felix , Henze Jörn , Pratschke Johann , Hamm Bernd , Geisel Dominik , Auer Timo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Estimating the prognosis of patients with pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) and porto-mesenteric venous gas (PMVG) can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to refine prognostication to improve decision making in daily clinical routine. Results: A total 290 patients with confirmed PI were included in the final analysis. The presence of PMVG and mortality (90d follow-up) were evaluated with regard to the influence of possible risk factors. Furthermore, a linear estimation model was devised combining significant parameters to calculate accuracies for predicting death in patients undergoing surgery by means of a defined operation point (ROC-analysis). Overall, 90d mortality was 55.2% (160/290). In patients with PI only, mortality was 46.5% (78/168) and increased significantly to 67.2% (82/122) in combination with PMVG (median survival: PI: 58d vs. PI and PMVG: 41d; p<0.001). In the entire patient group, 53.5% (155/290) were treated surgically. OS was >90d in 25% (72/90) of conservatively treated patients. In these cases PMVG/PI and was defined as “benign”/reversible. PMVG, COPD, sepsis, and low platelet count correlated with a worse prognosis. To identify patients deteriorating despite surgery, our calculation model reaches accuracies of 97% specificity, 20% sensitivity, 90% PPV and 45% NPV. Conclusion: Although PI is associated with high morbidity and mortality, „benign causes” are common. However, in concomitant PMVG, mortality rates increase significantly. Our mathematical model could serve as a decision support tool to identify patients who are least likely to benefit from surgery, and to potentially reduce overtreatment in this subset of patients.
The Synergistic Effect of Canady Helios Cold Atmospheric Plasma and A Folfirinox Regimen for The Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma In Vitro
Authors: Jones Olivia , Cheng Xiaoqian , Murthy Saravana , Ly Lawan , Zhuang Taisen , Basadonna Giacomo , Keidar Michael , Canady Jerome 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract cancer with a low five-year survival rate and high recurrence rate after surgical resection. Currently treatment approaches include systemic chemotherapeutics such as FOLFIRINOX, a chemotherapy regimen is a possible treatment for severe CCA cases. A limitation of this chemotherapy regimen is its toxicity to patients and adverse events. There exists a need for therapies to alleviate the toxicity of a FOLFIRINOX regimen while enhancing or not altering its anticancer properties. Cold Atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a technology with a promising future as a selective cancer treatment. It is critical to know the potential interactions between CAP and adjuvant chemotherapeutics. In this study the aim is to characterize the efficacy of FOLFIRINOX and CAP in combination to understand potential synergetic effect on CCA cells. FOLFIRINOX treatment alone at the highest dose tested (53.8 nM fluorouracil, 13.1 nM Leucovorin, 5.1 nM Irinotecan, and 3.7 nM Oxaliplatin) reduced CCA cell viability to below 20% while CAP treatment alone for 7 min reduced viability to 3% (p < 0.05). An analysis of cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle demonstrated that CAP in combination with FOLFIRINOX is more effective than either treatment alone at a lower FOLFIRINOX dose of 6.73 nM fluorouracil, 1.71 nM leucovorin, 0.63 nM irinotecan, and 0.47 nM oxaliplatin and a shorter CAP treatment of 1, 3, or 5 minutes. In conclusion, CAP has the potential to reduce the toxicity burden of FOLFIRINOX and warrants further investigation as an adjuvant therapy.
Broadband Decoupling of Intensity and Polarization with Vectorial Fourier Metasurfaces
Authors: Song Qinghua , Baroni Arthur , Wu Pin Chieh , Chenot Sébastien , Brandli Virginie , Vezian Stephane , Damilano Benjamin , Mierry Philippe , Khadir Samira , Ferrand Patrick , Genevet Patrice 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Intensity and polarization are two fundamental components of light. Independently control of them is of tremendous interest in many applications. In this paper, we propose a general vectorial encryption method, which enables arbitrary far-field light distribution with the local polarization, including orientations and ellipticities, decoupling intensity from polarization across a broad bandwidth using geometric phase metasurfaces. By revamping the well-known iterative Fourier transform algorithm, we propose “à la carte” design of far-field intensity and polarization distribution with vectorial Fourier metasurfaces. A series of non-conventional vectorial field distribution, mimicking cylindrical vector beams in the sense that they share the same intensity profile but with different polarization distribution and a speckled phase distribution, is demonstrated. Vectorial Fourier optical metasurfaces may enable important applications in the area of complex light beam generation, secure optical data storage, steganography and optical communications.
Preparation of siRNA–PLGA/Fabʹ–PLGA mixed micellar system with target cell-specific recognition
Authors: Hazekawa Mai , Nishinakagawa Takuya , Mori Takeshi , Yoshida Miyako , Uchida Takahiro , Ishibashi Daisuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are susceptible to nucleases and degrade quickly in vivo. Moreover, siRNAs demonstrate poor cellular uptake and cannot cross the cell membrane because of its polyanionic characteristics. To overcome these challenges, an intelligent gene delivery system that protects siRNAs from nucleases and facilitates siRNA cellular uptake is required. We previously reported the potential of siRNA-poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) micelles as an effective siRNA delivery tool in a murine peritoneal dissemination model by local injection. However, there was no effective formulation for siRNA delivery to target cells via intravenous injection. This study aimed to prepare siRNA–PLGA/Fabʹ–PLGA mixed micelles for siRNA delivery to target floating cells and evaluate its formulation in vitro. As the target siRNA protein in CEMx174, CyclinB1 levels were significantly reduced when siRNA–PLGA/Fabʹ–PLGA mixed micelles were added to cells compared with siRNA–PLGA micelles. siRNA–PLGA/Fabʹ–PLGA mixed micelles have high cell permeability and high target cell accumulation by endocytosis because flow cytometry detected labeling micelles in target cells. This study supports siRNA–PLGA/Fabʹ–PLGA mixed micelles as an effective siRNA delivery tool. This formulation can be administered systemically in dosage form against target cells, including cancer metastasis or blood cancer.
RNA Sequencing to Explore Dominant Isoform Switch During CCR6+ Memory T Cell Activation
Authors: Zhao Shanrong , Barron Alexander , Dower Ken 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential, but under-investigated component of T-cell function during immune responses. Recent developments in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technologies, combined with the advent of computational tools, have enabled transcriptome-wide studies of AS at an unprecedented scale and resolution. In this paper, we analysed AS in an RNA-seq dataset previously generated to investigate the expression changes during T-cell maturation and antigen stimulation. Eight genes were identified with their most dominant isoforms switched during T cell activation. Of those, seven genes either directly control cell cycle progression or are oncogenes. We selected CDKN2C, FBXO5, NT5E and NET1 for discussion of the functional importance of AS of these genes. Our case study demonstrates that combining AS and gene expression analyses derives greater biological information and deeper insights from RNA-seq datasets than gene expression analysis alone.
Detection of SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Alshami Alanoud , Alattas Rabab , Azzam Ahmed , Mohammed Amani 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The seroprevalance of SARS-COV-2 infection have been studied in immunocompetent children. However, data in pediatric Kidney Transplant population (PKT) is lacking.
Methods
We screened 72 PKT patients who came for routine blood work in the outpatient clinic using two commercial immunoassays that measures IgG antibodies against SARS-COV-2 spike protein and IgG against the Nucleocapsid protein. Majority of patients with positive serology had their serology test repeated at least once during subsequent clinic follow up. Patients were confirmed to have SARS-COV-2 infection if they only have both tests positive.
Results
Eight patients out of the 72 screened (11.1%) had positive SARS-COV-2 IgG antibodies in both serological tests. Of those tested positive, 4 had positive SARS-COV-2 PCR before screening. All patients were asymptomatic or had history of mild symptoms. All tested patient had persistently positive antibodies at median follow-up time of 75 days (IQR, 44.5, 86.5). One patient remained to have positive PCR at 75 days and positive serology test at 120 days post infection.
conclusion
The Serooprevalence of SARS-COV-2 was relatively high (11.1%) in our population. SARS-COV-2 PCR seems to remain positive in PKT population for longer duration than general population. Although, all patients were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, they mounted a strong humoral immune response that persisted for few months despite being on triple immunosuppressants. These findings will have positive implications on vaccination efficacy in this group.
Prevalence of Occupational Related Shoulder and Neck Pain Among Working Population in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Currently, work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a significant public health concern and are a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years and reducing the quality of life worldwide. In developing countries including Ethiopia, there is no adequate evidence on the overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and it remains less prioritized and unrepresented. Thus, the current study aimed to provide the country wide prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders particularly shoulder and neck pain in Ethiopia.
Methods
This study considered the studies conducted in Ethiopia, written in English language and published from 2017–2020. The studies were searched using various electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Embase, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online database from 16 July 2020 to 22 August 2020. The articles were searched using a Boolean logic operator (“AND”, “OR”, “NOT”) in combination with Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), terms, and keywords. Quality assessment of the studies was done using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools to determine the relevance of each included article to the study.
Results
The current study found the pooled prevalence of work-related shoulder and neck pain in the previous one year accounted 37.9% [95% CI:26.5, 50.8%; P-value < 0.001] and 29.9% [95% CI:20.1, 41.9%; P-value = 0.002] respectively. Based on the subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of work-related shoulder pain in the last one year based on the study population, publication year, and study region was 47.6% [95% CI: 45.8, 49.4%], 49.8% [95% CI: 45.7, 53.9%] and 44.6% [95% CI: 41.4, 47.8%] respectively while the pooled prevalence of neck pain in the last one year based on study population, publication year, and study area was 39.1% (95% CI: 37.5, 40.7%], 25.1% [ 95% CI: 20.8, 29.9%] and 32.6% [95% CI: 29.8, 35.5%] respectively.
Conclusion
This study found that at least one-third of the study participants were experienced occupational-related shoulder and/or neck pain in the previous last one year. The study suggests that there is a need to improve and implement occupational health and safety in the working environments to reduce work-related musculoskeletal disorders such as shoulder and neck pain, and other, occupational hazards.