bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transarterial Embolization for the Treatment of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review of Indications, Safety, and Efficacy
Authors: Kishore SirishA. , Sheira Dina , Malin Michaela L. , Trost David W. , Mandl Lisa A. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe study objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial “embolization” (TAE) in the treatment of chronic “musculoskeletal pain” refractory to standard therapy.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for original research articles evaluating TAE in patients with musculoskeletal conditions from database inception to January 21, 2020. Search terms employed were as follows: “embolization”, “pain”, “knee osteoarthritis”, joint replacement, epicondylitis, tenderness, inflammation, WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), microspheres, Embozene, geniculate artery, neovascularity, transcatheter, embolic, imipenem/cilastatin sodium, angiogenesis, and “musculoskeletal”. Studies involving particle “embolization” for painful musculoskeletal conditions were included. Studies of TAE for hemarthrosis or malignancy‐related “musculoskeletal pain” were excluded.ResultsThe primary search yielded 1,099 sources; 7 articles and 4 abstracts were included for data extraction. All were cohorts or case series, with low risk of bias and moderate to poor level of evidence. Heterogeneity between studies was high, precluding meta‐analysis. The reviewed studies reported the safety and efficacy of TAE for the treatment of “knee osteoarthritis”; adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder; tendinopathy/enthesopathy of the knee, shoulder, elbow, and ankle; and cervical myalgia. All TAEs were reported as technically successful without major complications or subsequent serious adverse events, including no reported osteonecrosis, cutaneous ulceration, limb ischemia, cartilage degeneration, or myotendinous injury. TAE significantly reduced pain and improved function for all of the treated conditions, with durable response up to 24 months post procedure.ConclusionTAE appears to be a safe and effective treatment for some types of chronic refractory “musculoskeletal pain”. Randomized placebo‐controlled studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Event‐triggered adaptive neural asymptotic tracking of uncertain constrained nonlinear systems without feasibility condition
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Yue , Li Yuan‐Xin , Yang Jinzi , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn this article, an event triggered control problem is investigated for uncertain nonlinear systems with full state constraints. First, the original‐constrained system is converted into an equivalent totally unconstrained one by using a state dependent function. Then, an event‐triggered adaptive neural‐network controller is designed to reduce the communication burden. In addition, rigorous theoretical analyses have been conducted to show that the proposed controller can ensure that all signals in the closed‐loop control system are bounded and that the asymptotic convergence with zero tracking error is achieved. In the meanwhile, the state constrains are not violated. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented control scheme is verified through the simulation results.
Nucleic Acid‐Modified Liposome: Construction Methods and Biological Applications
Authors: Yu Hao , Liang Zhihong , Zhu Longjiao , Zhao Changhui , He Xiaoyun , Chen Keren , Xu Wentao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiposomes with excellent biocompatibility have been widely used in nutraceutical and biomedical fields for delivery of bioactive molecules. Functional nucleic acids including aptamers that have good target recognizing ability and molecular assembly properties can be used to modify liposomes to expand their applications. This review comprehensively summarizes and comparatively discusses the construction strategies including covalent methods, noncovalent methods, and protein‐mediated methods for fabricating nucleic acid‐modified liposomes. Their applications in stability enhancement, biosensing, drug delivery, and synthesis of biomimetic structures are then reviewed. From above, it is concluded that the nucleic acid‐modified liposome, as a newly developed advanced material, has a good potential to be applied for biosensor or pharmaceutical purposes.
Efficient and Stable Carbon‐Based CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells by 4‐Aminomethyltetrahydropyran Acetate Modification
Authors: Zhang Huayan , Yan Zhongliang , Xu Yuan , Wang Xin , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInorganic cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention owing to their excellent stability relative to organic–inorganic solar cells. However, all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells without hole transport layers and using carbon layers as electrodes have serious energy level mismatch problems. To overcome this problem, here, the CsPbIBr2 surface is treated with 4‐aminomethyltetrahydropyran acetate to form a gradient energy band on the CsPbIBr2 perovskite/carbon interface. As a result, the hole extraction efficiency is successfully improved, and the morphology and crystallization of the perovskite layer are also improved. Moreover, the nonradiative recombination inside the perovskite and the charge recombination at the interface are effectively inhibited. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency of CsPbIBr2 solar cell is enhanced to 10.12%, and the high photovoltage of 1.32 V is obtained under one solar illumination, which are both higher than the pristine one (7.79%, 1.23V, respectively).
Sudden Contraction Promotes the Rebound of Droplets on an Inclined Microflower Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Li Haoran , Chen Xiaolong , Hong Wenpeng , Li Yan , Li Boyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural freezing at a low temperature poses fatal threats to aircraft, cables, and plants. Accelerating the rebound of the impacting droplet is an important approach to reduce ice accretion on the solid surface. Herein, a superhydrophobic copper myristate surface with a static contact angle of 158° is prepared to study the dynamic behaviors of the impacting droplet on the inclined surface. For the first time, the sudden contraction of the impacting droplet, especially in the cases at a high Weber number, is reported. With the increase of the Weber number, after reaching the maximum wetting diameter, the contraction process changes from direct contraction to sliding at first and then contracting while maintaining the maximum wetting diameter. Further investigations confirm that the sudden contraction of the trailing edge is the underlying mechanism for accelerating the droplet rebound. This discovery provides new insight and explanation for the dynamic evolution of impacting droplets on the inclined superhydrophobic surface.
Microscopical Quantification of Ion‐Induced Nanodefects in Monolayer MoS2 Based on Differential Reflectance
Authors: Hu Xiangmin , Qiu Cuicui , Wang Jiangcai , Liu Dameng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe defect engineering is widely used in 2D heterostructure devices as nanodefects (like atomic vacancies) significantly alter the electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of 2D nanomaterials. Defect inspection on large‐area samples at video rates is requisite for semiconductor manufacturing industry. Take molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as the study case, the differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is first introduced into nanodefect quantification of 2D materials. Different densities of defects are induced by ion bombardment and the average interdefect distance LD is calibrated using Raman spectra analysis. The evolutions of several defect‐induced DRS peak/valley are interpreted based on thin‐film multilayer interference effect. Availability of the defect density mapping method is demonstrated by applying the data fitting results of DRS defect density to the monochromatic illumination microscopy images. This work provides a feasible density quantification method based on DRS mapping for 2D material nanodefects at the microscopic scale.
Managing Intersegmental Charge‐Transfer and Multiple Resonance Alignments of D3‐A Typed TADF Emitters for Red OLEDs with Improved Efficiency and Color Purity
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Chun , Wang Kai , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Huang Feng , Wang Hui , Hu Ya‐Nan , Tsuchiya Youichi , Ou Xue‐Mei , Yu Jia , Adachi Chihaya , Zhang Xiao‐Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters induced by the multiple resonance (MR) effect have garnered considerable attention. However, it is difficult to develop MR‐TADF emitters that maintain high color purities in the red region. In this work, the importance of excited state alignments of MR‐based donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecules in determining their preferring characteristics is clarified. By using the newly designed molecule mBDPA‐TOAT whose apparent excited states show hybridization of MR and intersegmental charge‐transfer features as an emitter in an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), a high external quantum efficiency of 17.3% is achieved with a full width at half‐maximum of 45 nm (154 meV) and Commission Internationale de L'Éclairage coordinate of (0.61, 0.39). This work demonstrates when introducing D‐A typed structures, features, and alignments of molecular excited states determine ultimate material properties. This could help to develop high efficiency and high color purity TADF emitters toward long wavelength range.
Impact of Polymer Molecular Weight on Polymeric Photodiodes
Authors: Saggar Siddhartha , Deshmukh Kedar D. , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Hasan Monirul , Shukla Atul , Agawane Jyoti S. , Nayak Nagaraj , Gann Eliot , Thomsen Lars , Kumar Anil , McNeill Christopher R. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe field of organic photodiodes (OPDs) has witnessed continuous development in the last decade. Although a considerable portion of electron‐donating materials are polymers, there has been an existential gap in deciphering the influence of the polymer's molecular‐weight on the photodiode performance. We take up OPDs based on 5,5′‐[(9,9‐Dioctyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐7,4diylmethylidyne)]bis[3‐ethyl‐2‐thioxo‐4‐thiazolidinone] (FBR) acceptor material blended with three different molecular‐weights of defect‐free form of a well‐known donor polymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) are taken up, and their optoelectronic performance along with morphological characteristics are studied. Disparity of up to a decade in key photodetecting characteristics is observed. Further, the tools of near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, resonant soft X‐ray scattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and time‐delayed collection‐field measurements are employed to decipher the difference in the fundamental photo‐physical processes and the operating mechanisms of the OPDs. It is concluded that the molecular weight and the resulting morphology of the active layer strongly influence photodiode performance, in particular, dark current, linear dynamic range, and specific‐detectivity.
A Review of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrode Drying: Mechanisms and Metrology
Authors: Zhang Ye Shui , Courtier Nicola E. , Zhang Zhenyu , Liu Kailong , Bailey Josh J. , Boyce Adam M. , Richardson Giles , Shearing Paul R. , Kendrick Emma , Brett Dan J. L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion battery manufacturing chain is extremely complex with many controllable parameters especially for the drying process. These processes affect the porous structure and properties of these electrode films and influence the final cell performance properties. However, there is limited available drying information and the dynamics are poorly understood due to the limitation of the existing metrology. There is an emerging need to develop new methodologies to understand the drying dynamics to achieve improved quality control of the electrode coatings. A comprehensive summary of the parameters and variables relevant to the wet electrode film drying process is presented, and its consequences/effects on the finished electrode/final cell properties are mapped. The development of the drying mechanism is critically discussed according to existing modeling studies. Then, the existing and potential metrology techniques, either in situ or ex situ in the drying process are reviewed. This work is intended to develop new perspectives on the application of advanced techniques to enable a more predictive approach to identify optimum lithium‐ion battery manufacturing conditions, with a focus upon the critical drying process.
Molecular Transition Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for the Reversible Carbon Dioxide–Carbon Monoxide Transformation
Authors: Azaiza‐Dabbah Dima , Vogt Charlotte , Wang Fei , Masip‐Sánchez Albert , de Graaf Coen , Poblet Josep M. , Haviv Eynat , Neumann Ronny 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCarbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) enzymes are active for the reversible CO oxidation–CO2 reduction reaction and are of interest in the context of CO2 abatement and carbon‐neutral solar fuels. Bioinspired by the active‐site composition of the CODHs, polyoxometalates triply substituted with first‐row transition metals were modularly synthesized. The polyanions, in short, {SiM3W9} and {SiM′2M′′W9}, M, M′, M′′=CuII, NiII, FeIII are shown to be electrocatalysts for reversible CO oxidation–CO2 reduction. A catalytic Tafel plot showed that {SiCu3W9} was the most reactive for CO2 reduction, and electrolysis reactions yielded significant amounts of CO with 98 % faradaic efficiency. In contrast, Fe–Ni compounds such as {SiFeNi2W9} preferably catalyzed the oxidation of CO to CO2 similar to what is observed for the [NiFe]‐CODH enzyme. Compositional control of the heterometal complexes, now and in the future, leads to control of reactivity and selectivity for CO2 electrocatalytic reduction.
Refining of Particulates at Stimuli‐Responsive Interfaces: Label‐Free Sorting and Isolation
Authors: Kim Yongwook , Laradji Amine M. , Sharma Shubham , Zhang Weizhong , Yadavalli Nataraja S. , Xie Jin , Popik Vladimir , Minko Sergiy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe mechanism of separation methods, for example, liquid chromatography, is realized through rapid multiple adsorption‐desorption steps leading to the dynamic equilibrium state in a mixture of molecules with different partition coefficients. Sorting of colloidal particles, including protein complexes, cells, and viruses, is limited due to a high energy barrier, up to millions kT, required to detach particles from the interface, which is in dramatic contrast to a few kT for small molecules. Such a strong interaction renders particle adsorption quasi‐irreversible. The dynamic adsorption‐desorption equilibrium is approached very slowly, if ever attainable. This limitation is alleviated with a local oscillating repulsive mechanical force generated at the microstructured stimuli‐responsive polymer interface to switch between adsorption and mechanical‐force‐facilitated desorption of the particles. Such a dynamic regime enables the separation of colloidal mixtures based on the particle‐polymer interface affinity, and it could find use in research, diagnostics, and industrial‐scale label‐free sorting of highly asymmetric mixtures of colloids and cells.
Grignard reagent dictated copper(I) phosphines catalyzed reductive coupling of diazo compounds: The chemistry beyond carbene generation
Authors: Kuzhalmozhi Madarasi Packirisamy , Sivasankar Chinnappan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCopper‐dppf catalyzed reductive coupling of diazo compounds through terminal nitrogen is reported. However, copper catalysts are known to produce carbene from diazo compounds; the reaction conditions played an important role in the formation of diazine over carbene generation. Several control experiments have been conducted to understand the reaction mechanism and found that the formation of a copper–Mg heterobimetallic complex would be responsible for the observed reactivity pattern. The reaction produced diazine as a reductive coupling product along with biphenyl as a by‐product. All the synthesized diazines have been characterized fully by using analytical and spectroscopic techniques.
Age‐specific clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Guo Tong , Huang Xiaorui , Xie Peng , Wang Lu , Yu Yahong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe have limited information about neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the gallbladder. The purpose of this paper is to compare clinical and pathological features between different age groups and prognostic factors for gallbladder NEC and how it differs from adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the gallbladder.Patients and methodsThis study included 28 gallbladder NEC patients and 137 ADC patients whose clinical characteristics and pathological findings were retrospectively collected. Propensity score matching and Cox regression analysis were used for the analysis of prognostic factors.ResultsWe divided NEC patients into two groups based on the age more than or less than 60 years. Most of the NEC patients less than 60 years old complained of abdominal pain or discomfort (p = 0.038), and more younger patients accepted adjuvant therapy (p = 0.020) than older patients did. CD56 was positive in all patients more than 60 years old, which is significantly higher than that of younger patients (p = 0.039). The mean age was similar between NEC and ADC patients. After eliminating confounding factors between NEC and ADC patients, the overall survival rates were still lower in NEC patients. Univariate analysis extracted six possible risk factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that surgery type, tumor size, and existence of gallstones were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionThe overall survival of gallbladder NEC is not associated with age. In this study, surgical method and tumor size were found to be independent risk factors for NECs. In addition, NEC patients have a worse prognosis than ADC patients with similar clinical and pathological features.
Burnout and workplace dehumanization at the supermarket: A field study during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Valtorta Roberta Rosa , Baldissarri Cristina , Volpato Chiara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study explores the psychological effects of the COVID‐19 emergency on workers employed in the supermarket sector by analysing their levels of burnout and the relationship between the burnout syndrome and employees' workplace experiences. A sample of 422 Italian workers answered a survey addressing the burnout dimensions (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy) along with perceived organizational factors and dehumanizing representations. Results showed that 32% of the respondents had symptoms of severe burnout, and 41% had symptoms of exhaustion and cynicism. More specifically, through cluster analysis, four burnout profiles were identified: “burnout” (high on all three dimensions), “engagement” (low on all three dimensions), “overextended” (high on exhaustion), and “disengaged” (moderate on exhaustion and cynicism). Each cluster showed a different pattern of correlates with the organizational and dehumanizing perceptions. Our findings contribute to the knowledge gaps of burnout and workplace experiences by providing insights into the ongoing health emergency among supermarket clerks. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
A study on VLSI implementation of image enhancement techniques
Authors: Aklak Annis Fathima , Pugazhenthi Murugesh Yadhav , Alex John Sahaya Rani 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn real‐time, the images captured are not always appreciable for visual perception. The quality of the image relies on the illumination condition. Contrast enhancement is required to improve the visual quality of the image. In this article, the image enhancement techniques that are adaptable for real‐time images are studied. Further, an investigation is done on implementing the image processing algorithms in very large‐scale integration (VLSI) hardware. As the image data are comparatively larger, the computational complexity and the memory requirement are more. From the study, the need for efficient computation of such image processing algorithms is realized. The efficient computation of image processing algorithms on hardware platforms, in particular on field programmable gate array (FPGA), is reviewed. As an experiment, the gamma‐transformation technique used for image enhancement is realized. Initially, the prototype is modeled using MATLAB, and then it is implemented using an FPGA.
An integrated device for preparation of plasma‐activated media with bactericidal properties: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Xu Shengduo , Liu Dingxin , Wang Cong , Chen Jinkun , Zhang Jingye , Zhu Mengying , Zhang Jingyao , Liu Chang , Guo Li , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlasma‐activated media (PAM), the product of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) acting on aqueous media, has similarly strong biological activity and some unique advantages compared with CAP for biomedical targets. However, no reliable PAM‐preparing device with high safety for medical uses has yet been developed, limiting the advancement of PAM clinical trials. Herein, an integrated device for PAM preparation with a maximum yield of 4.8 L/hr is reported in detail. A large‐area CAP is generated by the plasma‐generating module based on the surface dielectric barrier discharge. Several sensors and controllers are applied in this device to stabilize the discharge environment and PAM consistency. In the in vitro experiments, PAM prepared in this device exhibits the bactericidal property of up to 6 logs reduction against various clinical pathogens with multi‐drug resistance. The high bactericidal effect of PAM can be preserved for ∼10 min. After constructing the mice model by cecal ligation and puncture, it is found that the abdominal injection of PAM can effectively relieve sepsis‐induced systemic toxicity and maintain homeostasis, which is mainly attributed to the anti‐infective efficacy of PAM. The third‐party testing confirms that the soaking bactericidal rates of PAM to S. aureus and E. coli are respectively higher than 99.99% and 99.999%, while the acute oral toxicity, skin irritation, and oral genotoxicity of PAM are negligible. This study provides a practical approach for preparing PAM with high reliability, which shows an excellent prospect of clinical applications and commercialization.