bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-Based Hand Massage Ameliorates Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Awaiting Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: NI Cheng-Hua , WEI Li , WU Chia-Che , LIN Chueh-Ho , CHOU Pao-Yu , CHUANG Yeu-Hui , KAO Ching-Chiu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Hand massage therapies have been used to relieve anxiety and pain in various clinical situations. The effects of machine-based hand massage on preoperative anxiety in ambulatory surgery settings have not been evaluated.

Purpose
This prospective study was designed to investigate the effect of machine-based hand massage on preoperative anxiety and vital signs in ambulatory surgery patients.

Methods
One hundred ninety-nine patients aged 18 years and older who were scheduled to receive ambulatory surgery were recruited from the Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital in Taipei City, Taiwan. The patients were assigned randomly to the experimental group (n = 101), which received presurgical machine-based hand massage therapy, and the control group (n = 98), which received no intervention. The patients in both groups completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory short form at preintervention (baseline) and postintervention.

Results
Within-group comparisons of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory short form scores showed significant decreases between preintervention and postintervention scores in the experimental group (44.3 ± 11.2 to 37.9 ± 8.7) and no significant change in the control group. Within-group comparisons of vital signs revealed a significant increase in mean respiration rate between baseline and postintervention in both groups (both ps < .05). Blood pressure was found to have decreased significantly only in the control group at postintervention (p < .05). No significant preintervention to postintervention change in pulse was observed in either group.

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that machine-based hand massage reduces anxiety significantly in patients awaiting ambulatory surgery while not significantly affecting their vital signs.
Pediatric Thoracolumbar Spinal Injuries in United States Trauma Centers
Authors: Habermehl Nikita , Minich Nori Mercuri , Malay Sindhoosha , Mahran Amr , Kim Grace 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children ages 1 to 18 years. There are limited studies about pediatric thoracolumbar (TL) spinal injuries; the purpose of this study was to characterize TL spinal injuries among pediatric patients evaluated in US trauma centers.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients aged 1 to 18 years with a thoracic or lumbar spinal injury sustained by blunt trauma during calendar years 2011 through 2016 were included. Cervical spinal injuries, death before arrival, or penetrating trauma were excluded. The data was abstracted, and missing data was addressed by imputations. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regressions.

Results
A total of 20,062 patients were included in the study. Thoracolumbar spinal injuries were more commonly sustained by 16- to 17-year-olds (45.7%), boys (56.6%), and White (74.8%). The injuries were often from a motor vehicle collision (MVC) (55.2%) and resulted in a bone injury (82.3%). Mechanism of injury and age were significant in predicting injury type. A fall was more likely than MVC to result in disc injury (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.33), strain injury (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05–1.34), or cord injury (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12–1.45). Younger children were more likely than adolescents to present with disc injury (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.75–4.45), cord injury (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18–1.81), or strain injury (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09–1.72).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the largest pediatric TL spinal study. Clinicians should consider TL spinal injuries when adolescents present after an MVC, and specifically, TL spinal cord injuries when young children present after a fall. Additionally, pediatric TL spinal injury prevention should highlight motor vehicle and fall safety.
Fatal Outcome in Acutely Poisoned Children With Hospitalization
Authors: Gholami Narges , McDonald Rebecca , Farnaghi Fariba , Hosseini Yazdi Maryam , Zamani Nasim , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Background
Acute poisoning is a significant and preventable cause of mortality among children internationally. The aims of this study were to assess the case fatality rate of children admitted to an inner-city hospital for acute poisoning and to compare the demographics and source of poisoning of fatal cases.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of patient data recorded in the Hospital Information System for Loghman Hakim Hospital, that is, the central referral hospital for poisoning in Tehran, Iran. We searched Hospital Information System for all admissions for poisoning in children (age, 0–12 years) over the 10-year period from March 2010 to March 2020, and all cases were included in the analysis. We determined the case fatality rate by dividing the number of fatal cases by the number of included cases.

Results
Of 8158 children admitted for poisoning, 28 cases (0.3%) died, among whom 19 (67.9%) were boys and 9 (32.1%) girls. The median age was 42 months, ranging from 2 to 144 months. Twenty-two cases (78.6%) were 0 to 5 years old. The most common cause of mortality in acute poisoning was methadone (n = 13, 46.4%), followed by raw opium (n = 5, 17.9%), aluminum phosphide, carbon monoxide, and wild mushrooms (n = 2 deaths each, 7.1%). Tramadol, colchicine, and petroleum accounted for 1 death each (3.6%).

Conclusions
Mortality from unintentional poisoning disproportionately affects children younger than 5 years. Opioids (ie, methadone, opium, tramadol) accounted for two thirds of deaths in our sample. Our findings highlight the importance of educating parents that any toxic materials (licit or illicit) must be stored out of reach for children.
The Combined Application of Augmented Reality and Guide Template Technology in the Treatment of Nasal Deformities
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Zeng Wei , Chen Juntian , Liu Chang , Xiong Yutao , Luo Dan , Tang Wei 
Published: April 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to propose a surgical plan based on augmented reality (AR) and guide template technology for restoration of nasal deformities, and evaluate its feasibility and clinical efficacy.

Methods:
Patients were scanned with a FaceScan to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) facial model, and computed tomography was also performed to obtain the maxillofacial computed tomography images while wearing the artificial marker. The mirroring tool and database searching and matching technology were employed to restore the nasal deformities for a normal nose (preoperative planning model). The design of guide template for deciding the incision area was based on the preoperative planning model, which was also imported into the AR image guidance system named HuaxiAR1.0 for reconstruction of the nose contour. One week after the surgery, the postoperative 3D facial model was obtained. Then, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparing the difference between the preoperative planning and postoperative 3D facial model.

Results:
The patients obtained satisfactory nasal shapes after surgery. Comparison of the difference between the preoperative and postoperative 3D model revealed that the maximum error was ranging from 2.24 mm to 3.10 mm with the mean error from 0.54 mm to 0.65 mm.

Conclusion:
The combined application of AR and guide template technology provides a new approach for the treatment of nasal deformities, and has a certain significance in realizing the precise repair of other craniofacial soft tissue deformities.
Early Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Yamazaki Ryuichi , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsuda Yuki , Kito Shinsuke , Morita Kojiro , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether early electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can reduce length of hospital stay and total hospitalization costs in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients.

Methods
Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database from April 2011 to March 2018 linked with the Annual Report for Functions of Medical Institutions, we identified patients admitted for MDD. Patients who received ECT within 8 days of admission were assigned to the early ECT group and the remaining patients to the control group. The primary outcomes were length of hospital stay and total hospitalization costs. The secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and fatal adverse events. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups.

Results
We identified 41,248 eligible patients, comprising 1169 in the early ECT group and 40,079 in the control group. After 1:1 propensity score matching, patients in the early ECT group had significantly shorter length of hospital stay than those in the control group (difference: −12.6 days; 95% confidence interval: −17.4 to −7.7 days). There was no significant difference in total hospitalization costs between the 2 groups. Early ECT was not significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality or fatal adverse events.

Conclusions
Early ECT may reduce length of hospital stay without increasing total hospitalization costs or fatal adverse events in patients with MDD.
Duration of Treatment in Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Patients Beginning With Acute Course Right Unilateral Brief Pulse Stimuli
Authors: Luccarelli James , McCoy Thomas H. , Shannon Alec P. , Forester Brent P. , Seiner Stephen J. , Henry Michael E. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Right unilateral brief pulse (RUL-BP) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been adopted as a technique for reducing the cognitive side effects of ECT relative to sine wave or bilateral treatments, but it is unknown how often patients are transitioned to alternative electrode placements. This study analyzes time in first lifetime acute course RUL-BP ECT.

Methods
A single-center retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients receiving a first lifetime course of ECT from 2000 to 2017 beginning with individualized seizure threshold determination using RUL-BP treatment parameters.

Results
A total of 1383 patients met study criteria and received a mean number of 9.4 ± 3.1 treatments, of which 7.6 ± 3.3 were using RUL-BP stimuli. Only 37.5% of patients were transitioned from RUL to bilateral treatments. Younger patients and those diagnosed with bipolar disorder were more likely to transition from RUL-BP to bilateral treatments, but the overall number of treatments did not differ based on age or primary diagnosis.

Conclusions
Among patients who begin treatment with RUL-BP ECT, more than 60% use exclusively those parameters throughout their acute course.
Changing patterns of sickness absence among healthcare workers in England during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Edge Rhiannon , van der Plaat Diana A , Parsons Vaughan , Coggon David , van Tongeren Martie , Muiry Rupert , Madan Ira , Cullinan Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of sickness absence among staff employed by the National Health Service (NHS) in England.MethodsWe analysed prospectively collected, pseudonymised data on 959,356 employees who were continuously employed by NHS trusts during 1 January 2019 to 31 July 2020, comparing the frequency of new sickness absence in 2020 with that at corresponding times in 2019.ResultsAfter exclusion of episodes directly related to COVID-19, the overall incidence of sickness absence during the initial 10 weeks of the pandemic (March-May 2020) was more than 20% lower than in corresponding weeks of 2019, but trends for specific categories of illness varied. Marked increases were observed for asthma (122%), infectious diseases (283%) and mental illness (42.3%), while reductions were apparent for gastrointestinal problems (48.4%), genitourinary/gynaecological disorders (33.8%), eye problems (42.7%), injury and fracture (27.7%), back problems (19.6%), other musculoskeletal disorders (29.3%), disorders of ear, nose and throat (32.7%), cough/flu (24.5%) and cancer (24.1%). A doubling of new absences for pregnancy-related disorders during 18 May to 19 July of 2020 was limited to women with earlier COVID-19 sickness absence.ConclusionsVarious factors will have contributed to the large and divergent changes that were observed. The findings add to concerns regarding delays in diagnosis and treatment of cancers, and support a need to plan for a large backlog of treatment for many other diseases. Further research should explore the rise in absence for pregnancy-related disorders among women with earlier COVID-19 sickness absence.1. What is already known about this subject?Historically, rates of sickness absence among the NHS workforce in England have been relatively high but stable. Reports of a marked increase during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic have not distinguished between different categories of underlying illness.2. What are the new findings?During the first wave of COVID-19, incidence of sickness-absence changed markedly when compared to the previous year, with major increases for some categories of illness, and large declines for many others, including cancer.3. How might this impact on policy or clinical practice in the foreseeable future?The findings support a need to plan for effects from delayed diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and to manage a large backlog of treatment for many other diseases.
Light-triggered and phosphorylation-dependent 14-3-3 association with NONPHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 is required for hypocotyl phototropism
Authors: Reuter Lea , Schmidt Tanja , Manishankar Prabha , Throm Christian , Keicher Jutta , Bock Andrea , Oecking Claudia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTNON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL 3 (NPH3) is a key component of the phototropic response, acting downstream of the primary photoreceptor phototropin and upstream of auxin redistribution. Despite the obvious physiological significance of the blue light-induced differential growth process, the molecular mode of NPH3 action is poorly understood. Light-triggered dephosphorylation of NPH3, however, is thought to constitute a major signaling event. Here, we show that NPH3 directly binds to polyacidic phospholipids via a polybasic motif in its C-terminal domain, allowing for plasma membrane association in darkness. We further demonstrate that blue light induces phosphorylation of a C-terminal 14-3-3 binding motif in NPH3. Subsequent binding of 14-3-3 to the phosphorylated NPH3 in turn is required for light-triggered release of NPH3 from the plasma membrane. In the cytosol, NPH3 undergoes a dynamic transition from a dilute to a condensed state. Intriguingly, the dephosphorylated state of the 14-3-3 binding site as well as NPH3 plasma membrane association are recoverable in darkness. Given that NPH3 variants constitutively localizing either to the plasma membrane or to cytosolic condensates are non-functional, the phototropin-triggered and 14-3-3 mediated dynamic change in the subcellular localization of NPH3 seems to be crucial for its function. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for 14-3-3 members in regulating NPH3 localization and auxin-dependent phototropic responses.
Brain-based Authentication: Towards A Scalable, Commercial Grade Solution Using Noninvasive Brain Signals
Authors: Kopito Ronen , Haruvi Aia , Brande-Eilat Noa , Kalev Shai , Kay Eitan , Furman Dan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTHere we report on a field test where we asked if it is feasible to deliver a scalable, commercial-grade solution for brain-based authentication given currently available head wearables. In this study, forty-nine (49) participants completed multiple sessions in their natural home environment over a single week. Participants used an off-the-shelf brain signal measuring headband to record their own brain activity while completing various tasks. Recording sessions were self-operated by the participants and unsupervised by any expert or technician to simulate real world use cases, while also contrasting common research approaches to this topic that rely on data from controlled laboratory conditions. Although brain signals have a non-stationary, complex nature, when participants watched rapidly presented images, our authentication system was able to successfully construct a unique and robust “brain ID” for each participant. Based on this brain ID, we developed a simplified brain-based authentication method that captures distinguishable information with reliable, commercial-grade performance from participants at their own homes. We conclude that noninvasively measured brain signals are ideal for use in biometric authentication systems, especially in environments where head wearables such as headphones or AR/VR devices are used as these devices offer a natural form factor for capturing participant brain ID continuously.
NosocomialPseudomonas aeruginosaregulates alginate biosynthesis and Type VI secretion system during adaptive and convergent evolution for coinfection in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Qu Jiuxin , Cai Zhao , Duan Xiangke , Zhang Han , Han Shuhong , Yu Kaiwei , Jiang Zhaofang , Zhang Yingdan , Liu Yang , Liu Yingxia , Liu Lei , Yang Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of death globally and caused huge impact on the health of infected patients. Shift in the lung microbial ecology upon such viral infection often worsens the disease and increases host susceptibility to secondary infections. Recent studies have indicated that bacterial coinfection is an unignorable factor contributing to the aggravation of COVID-19 and posing great challenge to clinical treatments. However, there is still a lack of in-depth investigation on the coinfecting bacteria in COVID-19 patients for better treatment of bacterial coinfection. With the knowledge thatPseudomonas aeruginosais one of the top coinfecting pathogens, we analyzed the adaptation and convergent evolution of nosocomialP. aeruginosaisolated from two critical COVID-19 patients in this study. We sequenced and compared the genomes and transcriptomes ofP. aeruginosaisolates longitudinally and parallelly for its evolutionary traits.P. aeruginosaoverexpressed alginate and attenuated Type VI secretion system (T6SS) during coinfection for excessive biofilm formation and suppressed virulence. Results of bacterial competition assay and macrophage cytotoxicity test indicated thatP. aeruginosareduced its virulence towards both prokaryotic competitors and eukaryotic host through inhibiting its T6SS during evolution.P. aeuginosaT6SS is thus one of the reasons for its advantage to cause coinfection in COVID-19 patients while the attenuation of T6SS could cause a shift in the microecological composition in the lung. Our study will contribute to the development of therapeutic measures and the discovery of novel drug target to eliminateP. aeruginosacoinfection in COVID-19 patient.
High-speed widefield handheld swept-source OCT angiography with a VCSEL light source
Authors: Ni Shuibin , Wei Xiang , Ng Ringo , Ostmo Susan , Chiang Michael F , Huang David , Jia Yali , Campbell J. Peter , Jian Yifan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) enable noninvasive structural and angiographic imaging of the eye. Portable handheld OCT/OCTA systems are required for imaging patients in the supine position. Examples include infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and operating room (OR). The speed of image acquisition plays a pivotal role in acquiring high quality OCT/OCTA images, particularly with the handheld system, since both the operator hand tremor and subject motion can cause significant motion artifacts. In addition, having a large field of view and the ability of real-time data visualization are critical elements in rapid disease screening, reducing imaging time, and detecting peripheral retinal pathologies. The arrangement of optical components is less flexible in the handheld system due to the limitation of size and weight. In this paper, we introduce a 400-kHz, 55-degree field of view handheld OCT/OCTA system that has overcome many technical challenges as a portable OCT system as well as a high-speed OCTA system. We demonstrate imaging premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the NICU, and patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) in the OR using our handheld OCT system. Our design may have potential for improving the diagnosis of retinal diseases and help provide a practical guideline for designing a flexible and portable OCT system.
Undergraduate student interest in healthcare career in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jo Stephanie Y , Li Jingxin , Dewan Ananya , Cheng Yu-Chia , Hou Haoxiang , Sebro Ronnie A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe healthcare profession has been long considered an excellent career choice. Pre-medical experience is documented to be important in shaping future medical landscape. In the wake of the pandemic, there has been intense media spotlight on the healthcare profession and change in academic environment, necessitating analyses of student experience. This project aims to assess change in undergraduate student interest in healthcare career using cross-sectional survey study.MethodsThe project was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Voluntary survey collected data on demographics, socioeconomics, media exposure, academic environment, and change in interest in a healthcare profession. Survey was distributed through the university undergraduate pre-health listserv. Total of 297 responses were obtained. Descriptive statistics including Fisher’s exact test were applied in the analysis.ResultsMajority of the respondents were Asians (54.9%), second generation immigrants (52.2%), and female (73.4%). Large proportion of the respondents were negatively affected by the pandemic, with losing a job or internship personally (42.1%) or a family member or a friend (62.6%). Students had mixed response to online learning environment, with 27.3% of students noting no change, 40.4% students noting increased difficulty, and 32.3% students noting decreased difficulty of classes. During the pandemic, 47.5% of students noted increased interest in pursuing healthcare career. The change in interest in healthcare career was not associated with xdemographics, economic hardship, or online learning environment.DiscussionDespite the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic, students showed strong interest in pursuing healthcare careers.