bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Effect of Spatial Cognition Methods on Indoor Emergency Evacuation
Authors: XIONG JINGJING , MAO YAN , WANG XUAN , HE WU 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In building fire emergencies,way-finding capabilities can affect people's evacuation efficiency and chances of survival.The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of spatial cognitive methods on people's way-finding ability.In this research, we used VR technology to conduct experiments. In an immersive virtual environment,64 participants were asked to actively explore virtual malls by using YAH navigation and paper maps to find destinations and complete buying tasks,respectively.After that,32 participants needed to alienate the virtual mall with a time limit,while the else had to complete the same task without a time limit. In the experiment,the participants were exposed to the environment for the first time and were unfamiliar with it.The results showed that participants using paper maps walked longer(710 m vs 932 m) and took more time(666 s vs 922 s) to complete tasks of evacuating the mall than those who used YAH navigation maps.The findings also showed that participants spent more time(521 s vs 790 s)looking for exits under time constraints and found evacuation tasks more difficult.This article discusses the mechanisms of these findings.
Sternocleidomastoid Flap for Pedicled Reconstruction in Head &amp; Neck Surgery- Revisiting the Anatomy and Technique
Authors: Srivast Apurva , Kumar Tarun , Kumar Shashi Kant , Shukla R.C , Pai Esha , Pandey Manoj 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies on sternocleidomastoid flaps, have defined the importance of preserving sternocleidomastoid (SCM) branch of superior thyroid artery (STA). This theory drew criticism, as this muscle is known to be a type II muscle, i.e., the muscle has one dominant pedicle (branches from the occipital artery at the superior pole) and smaller vascular pedicles entering the belly of muscle (branches from STA and thyrocervical trunk) at the middle and lower pole respectively. It was unlikely for the SCM branch of STA to supply the upper and lower thirds of the muscle. We undertook a cadaveric angiographic study to investigate distribution of STA supply to SCM muscle.Methods: It is a prospective study on 10 cadaveric SCM muscles along with ipsilateral STA which were evaluated with angiography using diatrizoate (urograffin) dye. Radiographic films were interpreted looking at the opacification of the muscle. Results were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentage. Results:Out of ten specimens, near complete opacification was observed in eight SCM muscle specimens. While one showed poor uptake in the lower third of the muscle, the other showed poor uptake in the upper third segment of muscle. Conclusion: Based on the above findings we propose to re-classify sternocleidomastoid flap as a type III flap as the STA branch also supplies the whole muscle along with previously described pedicle from occipital artery. However, this needs to be further corroborated intra-operatively using scanning laser doppler.
Triple Pelvic Osteotomy In The Treatment of Pincer Type Of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.
Authors: Magersky Štěpán 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is a dynamic cause of hip arthritis, and it is commonly diagnosed in young adults without any other causes of hip joint pain. Pincer type of FAI in this study, is typically present in active middle-aged females. Methods: Eighteen patients diagnosed only with pincer type FAI received triple pelvic osteotomy reverse in type between 2011 and 2020. The average age of the patients was 37.3 years (28.0-45.0). The joint preserving surgery consisted of open dislocation and trochanteric flip osteotomy. We chose to do in series of selected patients only a triple pelvic osteotomy reverse in type as a extraarticular procedure in order to safely address intraarticular arthritis. Results: After surgery, the Harris Hip Score increased from 55.1 to 91.4. The patients experienced a greater range of motion in the hip and less pain. Medium-term follow-up indicated that the surgeries were successful. In our series treated with triple pelvic osteotomy 22% (4 in 18 patients) after the operation appeared clinically rear pelvic FAI test. This result was not taken as significant due to small sample size (CI 95%). After the operation we used special guidelines and we postponed total hip replacement. We did no additional operation to selected patients.Conclusion: This technique is a safe procedure to restore hip mobility. This is an extraarticular operation, and therefore it helps this process inside the joint.
A Novel Immune and Inflammatory Related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yunji , Huang Guo , Li Wen bing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely related to immunity and inflammation, but the value of using immune and inflammation-related genes as predicting the prognosis of HCC requires further research.Methods: The Hepatocellular Carcinomar mRNA data was downloaded in the TCGA and ICGC database. The R package "limma" was used to analyze the differential expression of genes (DEGs) irelated to immune and inflammatory .Univariate Cox analysis screen for immune and inflammation related genes with prognostic value, then construction and verification of the prognostic model in Hepatocellular Carcinomar. The correlation between risk score with tumor immune immersion and immune cell function was assessed through tumor microensure and immune response analysis. NCI-60 cell line to explore the relationship between prognostic gene expression and drug sensitivity.Results: We evaluated 8 immune and inflammatory-related genes to build a prognostic risk prediction model, riskscore is an independent risk factor affecting prognosis, closely related to histological grading and clinical staging. The immune of adCs, macrophages, Tfh cells, Treg cells and Th1 cells higher in the tumor microenvironment leads to poor prognosis of liver cancer. Using data from the NCI-60 cell line, DNASE1L3 high expression may increased resistance of liver cancer cells to bovine platinum, solafinil and bovine platinum. The expression of SLC7A11 can increase the sensitivity of liver cancer to arsenic trioxide (ATO). Simultaneously constructing models and tumor microenvironment and drug resistance may provide effective and safe strategies for HCC chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Conclusion:Our study screened eight immune and inflammation-related genes play an important role in HCC tumor immunity and can be used to predict the prognosis of HCC.
Looking For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolizing Microorganisms In The Oral Cavity of Smokers
Authors: Tao Lin , Chiarelli M. Paul , Pavlova Sylvia I. , Schwartz Joel L. , DeFrancesco James V. , Salameh Benjamin , Naqib Ankur , Green Stefan J. , Adami Guy R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Certain soil microbes resist and metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The same is true for certain skin microbes. Oral microbes have the potential to oxidize tobacco PAHs to increase their ability to cause cancer. We hypothesized that oral microbes that resist high levels of PAH in smokers exist and can be identified based on their resistance to PAHs. We isolated bacteria and fungi that survived long term in minimal media with PAHs as the sole carbon source from the oral cavity in 11 of 14 smokers and only 1 of 6 nonsmokers. Of bacteria genera that included species that survived harsh PAH exposure in vitro, all were found at trace levels on the oral mucosa, except for Staphylococcus and Actinomyces. Two PAH-resistant strains of Candida albicans (C. albicans) were isolated from smokers. C. albicans is found orally at high levels in tobacco users and some Candida species can metabolize PAHs. The two C. albicans strains were tested for metabolism of two model PAH substrates, pyrene and phenanthrene. The result showed that the PAH-resistant C. albicans strains did not metabolize the two PAHs. In conclusion, evidence for large scale oral microbial metabolism of tobacco PAHs by common oral microbes remains lacking.
Attitude towards tele rehabilitation-based therapy services and its associated factors among health professional working in specialized teaching hospitals in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia,2021
Authors: Sidelil Habile , Demissie Adina , Debalke Getu , Tilahun Binyam , Fikade Berhanu , Hailegebreal Samuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Tele-rehabilitation is part of Tele-health (TH) which provides a rehabilitation service at a distance through telecommunication technology. Lack of enough trained professionals, lack of access, transportation cost, long waiting time, and difficulty of mobility to reach rehabilitation services are problems faced during face-to-face rehabilitation services. The significance of this study is to assess the attitudes and associated factors of health professionals about TR services.
Method
An institutional-based cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted among 408 participants from March to April 2021. Study units were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Epi-data 3.1 versions were used to enter data, while SPSS version 20 was used to conduct analysis. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the attitude of health professionals towards tele-rehabilitation.
Result
A total of 408 participants responded to the 423 survey questionnaires distributed. A response rate of 96.45 % was achieved for this study. Out of the 408 respondent’s majority, 285(69.9%) of health professionals had good attitude towards tele rehabilitation-based treatment services. Among the factors good knowledge of tele rehabilitation AOR 1.76(95%CI: 1.078, 2.879), digitally literate AOR 1.74 (95%CI: 1.028, 2.954), perception on security and privacy AOR 0.56(95%CI: 0.333, 0.944), and owns smart mobile phone AOR 1.9 (95%CI: 1.007, 3.781) were significantly associated with attitude of tele rehabilitation.
Conclusion
The majority of the respondents had a good attitude towards tele rehabilitation services. Having own mobile, knowledge towards tele rehabilitation, digital literacy, perception on security and privacy to rehabilitation was found to be the most important determinant factor for the attitude of health professionals towards tele rehabilitation. As a result, the government and other responsible entities should consider enacting systems and strategies to encourage the use of mobile technologies for the management of disability and chronic diseases.
Assessment of the Quality and Reliability of YouTube Videos on Fuch’s Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Bolac Ruveyde , Ozturk Yucel , Yildiz Elvin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the quality and reliability of videos on Fuch’s endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) on YouTube.Methods: A search of YouTube was performed for the term “Fuch’s endothelial corneal dystrophy” without any changes to the website’s standard search preferences. The first 100 videos were recorded. A total of 71 videos were evaluated regarding the DISCERN score (min–max: 16–75), Journal of the American Medical Association score (min–max: 0–4), and Global Quality Scale score (min–max: 0–5).Results: The mean DISCERN score was 40.1±15.6 (moderate), the mean JAMA score was 2.01±0.7 (poor), the mean Global Quality Scale score was 2.5±1.3 (moderate), and the mean video power index score was 106.8±135.7. Twenty-three of the videos (32.4%) were uploaded by physicians, 25 (35.2%) by universities/private hospitals, 21 (29.6%) by health channels. Thirty-six videos (50.7%) contained information about the disease, 24 (33.8%) discussed surgical techniques, and 11 (15.5%) were about patient experience.Conclusion: YouTube provides only moderate-quality health information on FECD. Physicians and professional organizations should be aware of and embrace this evolving technology to raise awareness about FECD.
Slow-Nitrogen Releasing Urea-Coated Zinc and Magnesium Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanohybrids for the Wheat Crop Biofortification
Authors: Sharma Bhaskar , Shrivastava Manoj , Afonso Luis O. B. , Soni Udit , Cahill David M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Chemical fertilizer is an indispensable component for optimal crop production in agriculture. However, excess urea fertilizer application to the agricultural fields leaves severe environmental deterioration. Researchers are actively seeking safer alternatives or solutions for the implementation of sustainable agriculture practices without compromising the agricultural output. Nano-scale particles, due to their unique properties, are emerging as interesting candidates for agrochemicals, especially nutrient delivery applications. In the present study, three variants hydroxyapatite-urea, magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-urea, and zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids have been synthesized and characterized as slow nitrogen release fertilizers for the wheat crop.Results: The doping of hydroxyapatite with zinc and magnesium instigated structural distortion that assisted relatively higher nitrogen loading and optimal urea release patterns. The nitrogen molecules slowly release from the water incubated nanohybrids, as per the Hixson-Crowell model equation, for up to two weeks in the soil environment. With zinc and magnesium integrated into hydroxyapatite, the synthesized nanohybrids now serve as a multi-nutrient complex of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc nutrients. Additionally, iron uptake was increased in nanohybrids treated wheat crop. The results manifest the potency of the 50% nitrogen doses as nanohybrids that maintain the wheat crop yield and nutrient uptake equivalent to the 100% nitrogen doses as urea fertilizer. Higher nitrogen doses as nanohybrids significantly enhanced the wheat growth parameters. The zinc-doped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids performed better among all three variants. Conclusion: The research epitomized the delivery of multiple nutrients to the crops while mitigating ammonia emissions from agricultural fields. The doped and undoped hydroxyapatite-urea nanohybrids can be a revolutionary tool to alleviate the pollution and waste generation arising from agriculture. We present a comprehensive experimental evidence of the design and utilization of biocompatible nitrogen nanohybrids as fertilizer for agricultural production and biofortification while cutting off nitrogen input up to half to mitigate environmental repercussions. This study establishes extensive experimental evidence for manipulating nano-scale materials for nutrient delivery applications to crops and unlocks new paradigms for the design and application of climate-friendly smart fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
Transverse Kerker Effect in All-Dielectric Spheroidal Particles
Authors: Bukharin Mikhail M. , Pecherkin Vladimir Ya. , Ospanova Anar K. , Il’in Vladimir B. , Vasilyak Leonid M. , Basharin Alexey A. , Luk'yanchuk Boris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Kerker effect is one of the unique phenomena in modern electrodynamics. Due to overlapping of electric and magnetic dipole moments, all-dielectric particles can be invisible in forward or backward directions. In our paper we propose new conditions between resonantly excited electric dipole and magnetic quadrupole in ceramic high index spheroidal particle for demonstrating transverse Kerker effect. Moreover, we perform proof-of-concept microwave experiment and demonstrate dumbbell radiation pattern with suppressed scattering in both forward and backward direction and enhanced scattering in lateral direction. Our concept is promising for future planar lasers, nonreflected metasurface and laterally excited waveguides and nanoantennas.
Secular oxidation of Archean upper mantle caused by increasing crustal recycling
Authors: Gao Lei , Liu Shuwen , Cawood Peter , Wang Jintuan , Sun Guozheng , Hu Yalu , Hu Fangyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The redox evolution of Archean mantle impacted Earth differentiation, mantle melting and the nature of chemical equilibrium between mantle, ocean and atmosphere of the early Earth. However, how and why it varies with time remain controversial. Archean mantle-derived volcanic rocks, especially basalts are ideal lithologies for reconstructing the mantle redox state. Here we show that the ~3.8-2.5 Ga basalts from fourteen cratons are subdivided geochemically into two groups, B-1, showing incompatible element depleted and modern mid-ocean ridge basalt-like features ((Nb/La)PM ≥ 0.75) and B-2 ((Nb/La)PM < 0.75), characterized by modern island arc basalt-like features. Our updated V-Ti redox proxy indicates the Archean upper mantle was more reducing than today, and that there was a significant redox heterogeneity between ambient and modified mantle presumably related to crustal recycling, perhaps via plate subduction, as shown by B-1 and B-2 magmas, respectively. The oxygen fugacity of modified mantle exhibits a ~1.5-2.0 log units increase over ~3.8-2.5 Ga, whereas the ambient mantle becomes more and more heterogeneous with respect to redox, apart from a significant increase at ~2.7 Ga. These findings are coincident with the increase in the proportions of crustal recycling-related lithologies with associated enrichment of associated incompatible elements (e.g., Th/Nb), indicating that increasing recycling played a crucial role on the secular oxidation of Archean upper mantle.
Transparency in Quality of Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer in the Netherlands: a National Registration of Radiotherapy-parameters
Authors: Maliko Nansi , Stam Marcel R , Boersma Liesbeth J , Peeters Marie-Jeanne T.F.D. Vrancken , Wouters Michel W.J.M. , KleinJan Eline , Mulder Maurice , Essers Marion , Hurkmans Coen W , Bijker Nina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is part of the curative treatment of approximately 70% of breast cancer (BC) patients. Wide practice variation has been reported in RT dose, fractionation and its treatment planning for BC. To decrease this practice variation, it is essential to first gain insight into the current variation in RT treatment between institutes. This paper describes the development of the NABON Breast Cancer Audit-Radiotherapy (NBCA-R), a structural nationwide registry of BC RT data of all BC patients treated with at least surgery and RT.Methods: A working group consisting of representatives of the BC Platform of the Dutch Radiotherapy Society selected a set of RT parameters deemed to be surrogate outcome parameters. Two pilot studies were carried out in six RT institutes: First, data were manually entered into a secured web-based system, and second, data were entered using an automatic Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) RT upload module.Results: The NBCA-R dataset was created by selecting RT parameters describing given dose, target volumes, coverage and homogeneity, and dose to organs at risk (OAR). Entering the data was made mandatory for all dutch RT departments. In the first pilot study (N=1093), quite some variation was already detected. Application of partial breast irradiation varied from 0%-17% between the 6 institutes and boost to the tumour bed from 26.5%-70.2%. For patients treated to the left breast or chest wall only, the average mean heart dose (MHD) varied from 0.80 Gy – 1.82 Gy; for patients treated to the breast/chest wall only, the average mean lung dose (MLD) varied from 2.06 Gy – 3.3 Gy. In the second pilot study 6 departments implemented the DICOM-RT upload module in daily practice. Anonymised data will be available for researchers via a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) framework.Conclusions: We have developed a set of RT parameters and implemented registration for all dutch BC patients. With the use of an automated upload module registration burden will be minimized. Based on the data in the NBCA-R analyses of the practice variation will be done, with the ultimate aim to improve quality of BC RT. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered
Generation of Integration-Free Porcine Induced Neural Stem Cells Using Sendai virus
Authors: Chakritbudsabong Warunya , Rungsiwiwut Ruttachuk , Sariya Ladawan , Juntahirun Phakhin , Chaisilp Nattarun , Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan Somjit , Rungarunlert Sasitorn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background The reprogramming of cells to induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), faster and safer to generate than induced pluripotent stem cells, holds tremendous promise for disease modeling and personalized cell-based therapies for neurological diseases. Porcine iNSCs (piNSCs) may serve as a disease model for human medicine, as pigs are one of the most successful large animal models in biomedical research. Thus, this study aimed to establish safe and efficient integration-free piNSC lines.Methods The integration-free piNSC lines were generated by reprogramming porcine fibroblasts using the Sendai virus (SeV).Results Here we report the successful generation of integration-free piNSC lines using the SeV, with a reprogramming efficiency of 0.4%. The piNSCs can be expanded for up to 40 passages and express high levels of NSC markers (PAX6, NESTIN, and SOX2). They can produce neurons and glia, expressing TUJ, MAP2, TH, and GFAP. No induced pluripotent stem cells developed during reprogramming, and the established piNSCs did not express OCT4. Hence, the SeV can reprogram porcine fibroblast without first going through an intermediate pluripotent stage.Conclusions With the SeV approach, we generated integration-free piNSCs that may be used to assess the efficacy and safety of iNSC-based clinical translation in humans.
Stream privacy amplification for quantum cryptography
Authors: Huang Yizhi , Zhang Xingjian , Ma Xiongfeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Privacy amplification is the key step to guarantee the security of quantum communication. The existing security proofs require accumulating a large number of raw key bits for privacy amplification. This is similar to block ciphers in classical cryptography that would delay the final key generation since an entire block must be accumulated before privacy amplification. Moreover, any leftover errors after information reconciliation would corrupt the entire block. By modifying the security proof based on quantum error correction, we develop a stream privacy amplification scheme, which resembles the classical stream cipher, to solve the problems of final key generation delay and error spread. The stream scheme can also help to enhance the security of trusted-relay quantum networks. Inspired by the connection between stream ciphers and quantum error correction in our security analysis, we further develop a generic information-theoretic tool to study the security of classical encryption algorithms.
The Eﬀect of Transportation Beneﬁts on Health and Consumption Among the Elderly: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Urban China
Authors: Yin Ting , Yin Zhigang , Zhang Junchao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study estimates the causal eﬀect of transportation subsidies or similar beneﬁts on the health of the elderly. We exploit a discontinuity in the probability of receiving transportation beneﬁts induced by an age-based policy to take account of the endogeneity of treatment status. Our baseline IV results indicate that receiving public transportation beneﬁts signiﬁcantly improves elderly people’s health condition by approximately 10 percentage points. The results are robust under diﬀerent speciﬁcations and placebo tests. Further tests on possible channels show that the health eﬀect is driven by increasing food consumption and health care utilization, but not by the amount of exercise done.