bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation therapy enhances topical diclofenac absorption in healthy volunteers – a randomized placebo-controlled trial: preliminary results
Authors: Leonardo Patricia Sardinha , Carvalho Rodrigo Leal de Paiva , Silva Sérgio Gomes da , Mendes Gustavo Duarte , Nucci Gilbberto de , Lopes-Martins Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão 
Published: September 2021

The inflammatory Muscle-skeletal disorders are responsible for a high economic impact on public health and Pharmacological treatments produce important renal and gastric toxicity especially. However, the real effects of topical NSAID’s still controversial. Photobiomodulation therapy has been used to treat musculo-skeletal conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Photobiomodulation on topical absorption of sodium diclofenac in healthy volunteers. Methods. The volunteers were selected after an assessment of their state of health. The study began with 12 volunteers with dark skin and 12 white skin. The study was designed to determinate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The volunteers received during hospitalization 5g diclofenac gel in the presence or not of photobiomodulation, following the randomization. A Laser Cluster with 14 laser diodes (100 mW/diode) delivered 3 Joules of Energy/diode (spot area 0.028 Cm2). Blood samples were taken for determination of plasmatic diclofenac concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24h) by tandem mass spectrometry. Low Power Laser Therapy operating at a wavelength of 650 nm was effective to enhance the absorption of diclofenac emulgel in white-skinned individuals but not in black-skinned individuals. Maximum plasma concentrations were higher in the white-skinned group of volunteers who received low-power laser irradiation prior to drug application when compared to the placebo group.
A humanização do parto e da equipe multiprofissional como instrumento de rompimento com a violência obstétrica
Authors: Coimbra Hellen , Santos Luzia Ferreira dos , Santos Marcos Vinícius Ferreira 
Published: September 2021

A parturição sempre foi um momento especial na vida das mulheres, por ser responsável pela transição no papel feminino que passa a ser mãe. O objetivo do estudo é discorrer sobre a violência obstétrica abordando a contribuição da enfermagem na humanização da parturição. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de pesquisa em revistas eletrônicas, livros e a legislação pertinente a temática. A violência obstétrica viola a dignidade da parturiente e deixa traumas e problemas psicológicos, sendo assim, a humanização do parto e da equipe multiprofissional é um importante instrumento para romper com essa prática. Os dados evidenciaram a necessidade de uma legislação que defina esse tipo de violência bem como criminalize estipulando penas repressivas. Evidenciou-se que a enfermagem possui um papel importantíssimo na assistência à parturiente, pois trata-se do profissional que permanece mais tempo ao lado do paciente em parturição, que houve da mãe seus medos e anseios quanto ao parto. Nesse sentido, ouvir a mãe e lhe transmitir segurança respeitando esse momento é reconhecer a mulher enquanto sujeito central da parturição, esse reconhecimento efetiva o princípio da dignidade humana. No que tange a humanização é imprescindível o envolvimento de todos profissionais que assistem à parturiente em ações de formação continuada e capacitações frequentes.
Graphene-Based Flexible Sensors for Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid
Authors: Meng Shuaishuai , Liu Yaming , Wang Li , Ji Xixi , Chen Yun , Zheng Tingting , Yu Jie , Feng Huanhuan 
Published: September 2021

Many diseases are closely related to abnormal concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA). Therefore, the detection of these small molecules is significant for monitoring life metabolism and healthy states. Electrochemical detection has been widely used to detect small molecules due to its good selectivity, high sensitivity, and good economics. Fabrication and application are two sides of the coin, and we cannot give up one for the other. Graphene (GN) is a very suitable material for electrochemical sensing due to its excellent catalytic performance and large specific surface area. It possesses many excellent properties but cannot hold itself alone due to its nanoscale thickness. Herein, we have fabricated three-dimensional (3D) GN nanosheets (GNSs) on flexible carbon cloth (CC) by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The GNSs/CC can successfully detect AA, DA, and UA simultaneously. We find that these GNSs/CC sensors show good performance with 7 h CVD modification. The linear ranges of AA, DA, and UA are 0.02–0.1, 0.0005–0.02, and 0.0005–0.02 mM, respectively. The detection sensitivity rates of AA, DA, and UA are 5,470, 60,500, and 64,000 μA mM−1cm−2, respectively. Our GNSs/CC flexible sensors can be successfully applied in the human serum for UA detection. The result matches with commercial sensors very well.
Crassifolins Q−W: Clerodane Diterpenoids From Croton crassifolius With Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenesis Activities
Authors: Li Canjie , Sun Xin , Yin Wenjing , Zhan Zhaochun , Tang Qing , Wang Wenzhi , Zhuo Xuefang , Wu Zhongnan , Zhang Haipeng , Li Yaolan , Zhang Yubo , Wang Guocai 
Published: September 2021

Seven new clerodane diterpenoids, crassifolins Q−W (1–7), along with five known analogues (8–12), were isolated from the roots ofCroton crassifolius. Their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS), and their absolute configurations were determined by ECD spectra and X-ray crystallography. The activities of compounds1–5against inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-αlevels on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed, and compound5showed the most significant activity with the secretion levels of IL-6 and TNF-αat 32.78 and 12.53%, respectively. Moreover, compounds1–5were screened for their anti-angiogenesis using a human umbilical vein endothelial cellsin vitromode; the results showed all of them exhibited obvious anti-angiogenesis activities, in particular, compound5showed the strongest anti-angiogenesis effect in the range of 6.25–50 μM.
Accuracy of Physicians Interpreting Photoplethysmography and Electrocardiography Tracings to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: INTERPRET-AF
Authors: Gruwez Henri , Evens Stijn , Proesmans Tine , Duncker David , Linz Dominik , Heidbuchel Hein , Manninger Martin , Vandervoort Pieter , Haemers Peter , Pison Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study aims to compare the performance of physicians to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) based on photoplethysmography (PPG), single-lead ECG and 12-lead ECG, and to explore the incremental value of PPG presentation as a tachogram and Poincaré plot, and of algorithm classification for interpretation by physicians.Methods and Results: Email invitations to participate in an online survey were distributed among physicians to analyse almost simultaneously recorded PPG, single-lead ECG and 12-lead ECG traces from 30 patients (10 in sinus rhythm (SR), 10 in SR with ectopic beats and 10 in AF). The task was to classify the readings as ‘SR', ‘ectopic/missed beats', ‘AF', ‘flutter' or ‘unreadable'. Sixty-five physicians detected or excluded AF based on the raw PPG waveforms with 88.8% sensitivity and 86.3% specificity. Additional presentation of the tachogram plus Poincaré plot significantly increased sensitivity and specificity to 95.5% (P &lt; 0.001) and 92.5% (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. The algorithm information did not further increase the accuracy to detect AF (sensitivity 97.5%, P = 0.556; specificity 95.0%, P = 0.182). Physicians detected AF on single-lead ECG tracings with 91.2% sensitivity and 93.9% specificity. Diagnostic accuracy was also not optimal on full 12-lead ECGs (93.9 and 98.6%, respectively). Notably, there was no significant difference between the performance of PPG waveform plus tachogram and Poincaré, compared to a single-lead ECG to detect or exclude AF (sensitivity P = 0.672; specificity P = 0.536).Conclusion: Physicians can detect AF on a PPG output with equivalent accuracy compared to single-lead ECG, if the PPG waveforms are presented together with a tachogram and Poincaré plot and the quality of the recordings is high.
Exploring the Past Biosphere of Chew Bahir/Southern Ethiopia: Cross-Species Hybridization Capture of Ancient Sedimentary DNA from a Deep Drill Core
Authors: Krueger Johanna , Foerster Verena , Trauth Martin H. , Hofreiter Michael , Tiedemann Ralph 
Published: September 2021

Eastern Africa has been a prime target for scientific drilling because it is rich in key paleoanthropological sites as well as in paleolakes, containing valuable paleoclimatic information on evolutionary time scales. The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) explores these paleolakes with the aim of reconstructing environmental conditions around critical episodes of hominin evolution. Identification of biological taxa based on their sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) traces can contribute to understand past ecological and climatological conditions of the living environment of our ancestors. However, sedaDNA recovery from tropical environments is challenging because high temperatures, UV irradiation, and desiccation result in highly degraded DNA. Consequently, most of the DNA fragments in tropical sediments are too short for PCR amplification. We analyzed sedaDNA in the upper 70 m of the composite sediment core of the HSPDP drill site at Chew Bahir for eukaryotic remnants. We first tested shotgun high throughput sequencing which leads to metagenomes dominated by bacterial DNA of the deep biosphere, while only a small fraction was derived from eukaryotic, and thus probably ancient, DNA. Subsequently, we performed cross-species hybridization capture of sedaDNA to enrich ancient DNA (aDNA) from eukaryotic remnants for paleoenvironmental analysis, using established barcoding genes (cox1 and rbcL for animals and plants, respectively) from 199 species that may have had relatives in the past biosphere at Chew Bahir. Metagenomes yielded after hybridization capture are richer in reads with similarity to cox1 and rbcL in comparison to metagenomes without prior hybridization capture. Taxonomic assignments of the reads from these hybridization capture metagenomes also yielded larger fractions of the eukaryotic domain. For reads assigned to cox1, inferred wet periods were associated with high inferred relative abundances of putative limnic organisms (gastropods, green algae), while inferred dry periods showed increased relative abundances for insects. These findings indicate that cross-species hybridization capture can be an effective approach to enhance the information content of sedaDNA in order to explore biosphere changes associated with past environmental conditions, enabling such analyses even under tropical conditions.
OSL Chronology of the Siling Co Paleolithic Site in Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Luo Lan , Lai Zhongping , Zheng Wenhao , Xu Yantian , Yu Lupeng , Huang Chang , Tu Hua 
Published: September 2021

When and how was the Tibetan Plateau (TP), one of the least habitable regions on Earth, occupied by humans are important questions in the research of human evolution. Among tens of Paleolithic archaeological sites discovered over the past decades, only five are considered coeval with or older than the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼27–19 ka). As one of them, the Siling Co site in the central TP was previously announced to be ∼40–30 ka based on radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic correlation. Given the loose chronological constraint in previous studies, we here re-examined the chronology of the Siling Co site with the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating technique. Four sections from the paleo-shoreline at an elevation of ∼4,600 m in southeastern Siling Co were investigated, with stone artifacts found from the ground surface. Dating results of nine samples delineated the age of ∼4,600 m paleo-shoreline to be ∼10–7 ka (∼8.54 ± 0.21 ka in average). This age indicates that the Siling Co site is not earlier than the early Holocene, much younger than the former age. The revised age of the Siling Co site is consistent with the wet and humid climate conditions on the TP during the early Holocene.
The Origin and 3D Architecture of a Km-Scale Deep-Water Scour-Fill: Example From the Skoorsteenberg Fm, Karoo Basin, South Africa
Authors: Hansen L. A. S. , Healy R. S. , Gomis-Cartesio L. , Lee D. R. , Hodgson D. M. , Pontén A. , Wild R. J. 
Published: September 2021

Scours, and scour fields, are common features on the modern seafloor of deep-marine systems, particularly downstream of submarine channels, and in channel-lobe-transition-zones. High-resolution images of the seafloor have improved the documentation of the large scale, coalescence, and distribution of these scours in deep-marine systems. However, their scale and high aspect ratio mean they can be challenging to identify in outcrop. Here, we document a large-scale, composite erosion surface from the exhumed deep-marine stratigraphy of Unit 5 from the Permian Karoo Basin succession in South Africa, which is interpreted to be present at the end of a submarine channel. This study utilizes 24 sedimentary logs, 2 cored boreholes, and extensive palaeocurrent and thickness data across a 126 km2study area. Sedimentary facies analysis, thickness variations and correlation panels allowed identification of a lower heterolithic-dominated part (up to 70 m thick) and an upper sandstone-dominated part (10–40 m thick) separated by an extensive erosion surface. The lower part comprises heterolithics with abundant current and sinusoidal ripples, which due to palaeocurrents, thickness trends and adjacent depositional environments is interpreted as the aggradational lobe complex fringes. The base of the upper part comprises 2-3 medium-bedded sandstone beds interpreted as precursor lobes cut by a 3–4 km wide, 1–2 km long, and up to 28 m deep, high aspect ratio (1:100) composite scour surface. The abrupt change from heterolithics to thick-bedded sandstones marks the establishment of a new sediment delivery system, which may have been triggered by an updip channel avulsion. The composite scour and subsequent sandstone fill support a change from erosion- and bypass-dominated flows to depositional flows, which might reflect increasingly sand-rich flows as a new sediment route matured. This study provides a unique outcrop example with 3D stratigraphic control of the record of a new sediment conduit, and development and fill of a large-scale composite scour surface at a channel mouth transition zone, providing a rare insight into how scours imaged on seafloor data can be filled and preserved in the rock record.
Measuring Cognitive Load: Are There More Valid Alternatives to Likert Rating Scales?
Authors: Ouwehand Kim , Kroef Avalon van der , Wong Jacqueline , Paas Fred 
Published: September 2021

Cognitive load researchers have used varying subjective techniques based on rating scales to quantify experienced cognitive load. Although it is generally assumed that subjects can introspect on their cognitive processes and have no difficulty in assigning numerical values to the imposed cognitive load, little is known about how visual characteristics of the rating scales influence the validity of the cognitive load measure. In this study we look at validity of four subjective rating scales (within groups) differing in visual appearance by participants rating perceived difficulty and invested mental effort in response to working on simple and complex weekday problems. We used two numerical scales (the nine-point Likert scale most often used in Cognitive load theory research and a Visual Analogue Scale ranging between 0–100%) and two pictorial scales (a scale consisting of emoticons ranging from a relaxed blue-colored face to a stressed red-colored face and an “embodied” scale picturing nine depicted weights from 1–9 kg). Results suggest that numerical scales better reflect cognitive processes underlying complex problem solving while pictorial scales Underlying simple problem solving. This study adds to the discussion on the challenges to quantify cognitive load through various measurement methods and whether subtleties in measurements could influence research findings.
Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Yang , Liu Hongzhong , Li Haiyan , Yang Jianhong , Hu Pei , Xiao Xinhua , Liu Dongyang 
Published: September 2021

ObjectsImigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of imigliptin and alogliptin on insulin resistance and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 37 Chinese T2DM patients were randomized to receive 25 mg imigliptin, 50 mg imigliptin, placebo, and 25 mg alogliptin (positive drug) for 13 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted at baseline and on day 13, followed by the oral minimal model (OMM).ResultsImigliptin or alogliptin treatment, compared with their baseline or placebo, was associated with higher beta-cell function parameters (φs and φtot) and lower glucose area under the curve (AUC) and postprandial glucose levels. The changes in the AUC for the glucose appearance rate between 0 and 120 min also showed a decrease in imigliptin or alogliptin groups. However, the insulin resistance parameter, fasting glucose, was not changed. For the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) parameters or secretory units of islets in transplantation index (SUIT), no statistically significant changes were found both within treatments and between treatments.ConclusionsAfter 13 days of treatment, imigliptin and alogliptin could decrease glycemic levels by improving beta-cell function. By comparing OMM with HOMA or SUIT results, glucose stimulation might be more sensitive for detecting changes in beta-cell function.
Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies ANGPTL4 as a Key Regulator in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via FAK/SIRT3/ROS Pathway in Cardiomyocyte
Authors: Dai Lei , Xie Yang , Zhang Wenjun , Zhong Xiaodan , Wang Mengwen , Jiang Hongcheng , He Zhen , Liu Xiaolei , Zeng Hesong , Wang Hongjie 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is characterized by initial impairment of left ventricular relaxation followed by contractile dysfunction. Despite intensive research, the exact mechanism remains so far unsolved.MethodsWe constructed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen gene modules that were closely related with DbCM based on the GSE5606 dataset, which contained expression data of the cardiac left ventricle in a rodent model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DbCM. Then, the most related hub gene, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), was selected for functional ex vivo and in vitro assays. In our experiments, STZ-induced diabetic mice (C57BL/6J) and human cardiomyocytes (AC16) were used to study the functional roles and potential mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in DbCM.ResultsWGCNA analysis revealed the yellow and green modules were most correlated with DbCM, and identified ANGPTL4 as one of the most significantly upregulated hub genes (ANGPTL4, ACOT1, DECR1, HMGCS2, and PDK4). Consistent with the bioinformatic analysis, the amount of ANGPTL4 was significantly upregulated in diabetic mouse heart. DbCM group, compared with the control group, had increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), reduced SIRT3 expression, increased SOD2 acetylation, upregulated NADPH oxidase activation, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) produciton, and enhanced apoptosis in the diabetic mouse heart. Moreover, ANGPTL4 induced apoptosis via FAK/SIRT3/ROS pathway in human cardiomyocytes (AC16) under high glucose condition in vitro.These effects were abrogated by treatment of two independent siRNA for ANGPTL4, whereas exogenous recombinant ANGPLT4 protein treatment exacerbated those effects in AC16.ConclusionWe found ANGPTL4, ACOT1, DECR1, HMGCS2, and PDK4 were significantly increased in diabetic heart. ANGPTL4 could promote cardiac apoptosis via a FAK/SIRT3/ROS dependent signaling pathway in DbCM.
Time-Dependent Toxicity of Tire Particles on Soil Nematodes
Authors: Kim Shin Woong , Leifheit Eva F. , Maaß Stefanie , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: September 2021

Tire-wear particles (TWPs) are being released into the environment by wearing down during car driving, and are considered an important microplastic pollution source. The chemical additive leaching from these polymer-based materials and its potential effects are likely temporally dynamic, since amounts of potentially toxic compounds can gradually increase with contact time of plastic particles with surrounding media. In the present study, we conducted soil toxicity tests using the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans with different soil pre-incubation (30 and 75 days) and exposure (short-term exposure, 2 days; lifetime exposure, 10 days) times. Soil pre-incubation increased toxicity of TWPs, and the effective concentrations after the pre-incubation were much lower than environmentally relevant concentrations. The lifetime of C. elegans was reduced faster in the TWP treatment groups, and the effective concentration for lifetime exposure tests were 100- to 1,000-fold lower than those of short-term exposure tests. Water-extractable metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the TWP-soils showed no correlation with nominal TWP concentrations or pre-incubation times, and the incorporated metals in the TWPs may be not the main reason of toxicity in this study. Our results show that toxic effects of TWPs can be time-dependent, both in terms of the microplastic particles themselves and their interactions in the soil matrix, but also because of susceptibility of target organisms depending on developmental stage. It is vital that future works consider these aspects, since otherwise effects of microplastics and TWPs could be underestimated.