bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Agropyron intermedium, A. trichophorum, Avena sativa, Bromus catharticus, B. marginatus, Camellia sinensis
(may form a complex with
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
theae
: 68, 955),
Caryota mitis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Eleusine coracana, Euchlaena mexicana, Oryza sativa, Panicum hirsutum, P. miliaceum, Paspalum nutans, P. paniculatum, P. urvillei, Pennisetum americanum, Saccharum officinarum, Setaria italica, S. lutescens, S. viridis, Sorghum bicolor
and
Zea mays
. DISEASE: Bacterial leaf blight of maize and sorghum, brown stripe of rice and red stripe of sugarcane. Symptoms in general consist of leaf streaks and stripes, which may extend into the sheaths. Occasionally a stalk rot develops. Symptoms are more severe on seedlings and immature plants. Discolouration of seeds can occur on rice. In fishtail palm (
Caryota mitis
), lesions are mainly at the leaf margin and brown/black with a chlorotic halo (Miller, 1992). In most cases conditions of high temperature and high relative humidity favour symptom development. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Comoro Is., Egypt, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Okinawa, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, Fiji, Guam, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, MT, Nebraska, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas & Virginia), Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Argentina, Brazil (Sao Paulo), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela (
CMI Map
511 ed. 1, 1976 &
CMI Map
39 ed. 5, 1987). TRANSMISSION: The disease is largely thought to be seed borne. In rice, the bacterium is located between the glumes and the pericarp, or deeper in the seed (Shakya
et al.
, 1986). There is evidence to suggest that mature plants which survive infection in the seedling stage harbour latent infections. The bacterium can be found in 8-yr old rice seed samples stored at 5°C (Shakya
et al.
, 1985). The bacterium is not thought to survive well in soil or in plant debris. Alternative hosts such as
Paspalum urvillei
(Vasey grass) in Florida, USA have been noted as an inoculum reservoir in bacterial leaf blight of maize outbreaks (Shurtleff, 1973; 57, 4929).
Cladosporium magnusianum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cladosporium magnusianum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Narthecium ossifragum
(L.) Hudson (Bog Asphodel). DISEASE: Leaf spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe: Denmark, Germany, Norway, UK (Scotland). TRANSMISSION: By wind disperal of airborne conidia.
Mycosphaerella gracilis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Crous P. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mycosphaerella gracilis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Eucalyptus urophylla
. DISEASE: Leaf spot of
Eucalyptus
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia. TRANSMISSION: Spores are wind-borne.
Eurotium rubrum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kozakiewicz Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Eurotium rubrum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A xerotolerant species with the same host range as
E. repens
(IMI Sheet 1255). DISEASES: Not known to be a pathogen of animals or man, but the species has been isolated from human nails (Smith, 1989). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pisum sativum
L. (pea). Also reported to cause wilting of
Dianthus
spp. (74, 4545). DISEASE:
Fusarium
wilt, near wilt. Also a component in St. John's disease together with
Fusarium solani
(Martius) Sacc. (Buxton, 1955). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where peas are cultivated. TRANSMISSION: Contaminated seed. Movement of contaminated soil during cultivation. Local dispersal may occur via water flow and splash droplets containing micro- or macroconidia.
Marasmius oreades
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Treu R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Marasmius oreades
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs in grassland. DISEASE: Forms 'fairy' rings, killing grass along the margin, but promoting its growth beyond the mycelial zone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Argentina, Europe, North Africa, Canary Islands, Asia, Australia (Dennis, 1986). TRANSMISSION: Via airborne basidiospores.
Phyllachora gratissima
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora gratissima
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Persea americana
(syn.
Persea gratissima; Lauraceae
). DISEASE: Tar spot of leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela.
Polystigma fulvum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Polystigma fulvum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Prunus padus
(syn.
Cerasus padus, Padus racemosa), Prunus asiatica
(syn.
Padus asiatica), Prunus maximowiczii
. Records on
Prunus grayana
(e.g. Anon., 1965) have not been verified. DISEASE: Large brightly coloured spots on leaves. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Belgium [?], China (unverified record cited by Eriksson & Yue, 1988), Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan (46, 1510, unverified), Latvia, Norway, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom. TRANSMISSION: Stromata are formed on living leaves in autumn, which do not fall prematurely. Apparently mature ascospores are present by late autumn, but they are probably not released until the following spring, coinciding with the new leaf flush. Ascospores are air-dispersed, and probably germinate on new host tissue to form appressoria and infection pegs.
Phyllactinia mali
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Heluta V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllactinia mali
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of different arboreal Rosaceae, including important cultivated species. Mycelium, conidiophores, conidia and ascomata develop on lower part of leaves without any visible damage. This disease is dangerous for pear seedlings in nurseries only. HOSTS:
Amelanchier canadensis, A. ovalis
(
A. vulgaris
),
Cotoneaster bacillaris
(?),
Crataegus brevispina, C. curvisepala
(
C. kyrtostyla, C. oxycantha
),
C. douglasii, C. laevigata, C. lindmanii
(
C. calycina), C. meyeri, C. monogyna, C. nigra, C. orientalis
(
C. laciniata
),
C. pallasii, C. parviflora, C. pentagyna, C. sanguinea, C. scabrifolius, C. taurica, Cydonia oblonga, Malus domestica, M. pumila, M. sylvestris, Mespilus germanica, Prunus avium
(
Cerasus avium
[Prunus avium]
) (?),
P. cerasus
(
Cerasus vulgaris
[Prunus cerasus]
) (?),
P. padus
(
Padus avium
[Prunus padus]
) (?),
P. spinosa
(?),
Pyrus caucasica, P. communis, P. cordata, P. elaeagnifolia, P
.
lindleyi, P. pashia, P. pyraster, P. pyrifolia
, (
'P. sativa
Fakirova'),
P. zangezura, Rosa canina
(?),
Sorbus aucuparia
(?),
S. torminalis
(?). [Type host -
Malus
sp.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Algeria, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Cyprus, Republic of Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (western Siberia), Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (European part), Ukraine, former Yugoslavia. North America: Canada, USA. TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease.
Vizella gomphispora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Vizella gomphispora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Vizella gomphispora
was described from material on
Symplocos spicata
(Symplocaceae), from Sri Lanka. Other collections have been identified on
Alstonia boonei
(Apocynaceae),
Chrysophyllum albidum
(Sapotaceae),
Coffea arabica, C. liberica
and
C. stenophylla
(Rubiaceae),
Conopharyngia longiflora
(Apocynaceae),
Craterispermum caudatum
and
C. laurinum
(Rubiaceae),
Cremaspora africana
(Rubiaceae),
Dendrophthora monstrosa
(Viscaceae),
Eugenia calophylloides
(Myrtaceae),
Ficus
sp. (Moraceae),
Funtumia elastica
(Apocynaceae),
Hoya
sp. (Asclepiadaceae),
Ilex denticulata
(Aquifoliaceae),
Ixora radiata
(Rubiaceae),
Macrolobium crassifolium
(Leguminosae),
Memecylon golaense
(Melastomataceae),
Nauclea
sp. (Rubiaceae),
Nectandra
sp. (Lauraceae),
Octoknema borealis
(Olacaceae),
Olax mannii
(Olacaceae),
Oxyanthus speciosus
(Rubiaceae),
Pavetta indica
(Rubiaceae),
Psychotria
sp. (Rubiaceae),
Soyauxia floribunda
(Flacourtiaceae),
Smeathmannia laevigata
(Passifloraceae),
Strychnos afzelii
(Loganiaceae) and
Tetrorchidium didymostemon
(Euphorbiaceae). DISEASE: Occurring biotrophically on often symptomless living leaves. Its nutritional status is uncertain; perhaps the fungus obtains nutrients from cuticular waxes. Hughes (1953) suggested that the fungus may cause leaf spots, but it is more likely that it is either a secondary colonizer or survives necrotrophic damage by other agents. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: pantropical; known from Brazil, Ghana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, New Guinea, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Uganda. Collections identified as
V. gomphispora
from Australia (Queensland) and Zambia are present in IMI but probably belong to different species. TRANSMISSION: no studies have been made, but ascospores and their fragmented segments are almost certainly wind- or watersplash-dispersed, depending on local climatic conditions at the time of ascus maturity.
Septoria chelidonii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria chelidonii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot, leaf mortality, leaf drying. HOSTS:
Chelidonium majus, C. majus
var.
asiaticum
(Papaveraceae). [Type host-
Chelidonium majus
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Korea, Russia (Siberia), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, UK, Ukraine. North America: Canada, USA (Texas). TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia.
Septoria hyperici
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Andrianova T. V. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Septoria hyperici
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot. HOSTS:
Hypericum alpigenum, H. elodes, H. hirsutum, H. linearifolium, H. maculatum, H. montanum, H. perforatum, H. pulchrum, H. quadrangulum
(syn. :
H. tetrapterum), H. undulatum
(Hypericaceae). [Type host -
Hypericum perforatum
.] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia: Republic of Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Russia, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, UK, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Not reported, but almost certainly by air-borne or splash dispersed conidia.
Aldona stella-nigra
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aldona stella-nigra
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Causing leaf spots on living leaves. HOSTS:
Pterocarpus indicus (Leguminosae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: ASIA: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines. TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Cycloschizon alyxiae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Inácio C. A. , Minter D. W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cycloschizon alyxiae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Parasitic on living leaves. HOSTS:
Alyxia buxifolia, Alyxia
sp. (
Apocynaceae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AUSTRALASIA: Australia (Tasmania, Victoria). TRANSMISSION: Presumably by air-borne ascospores.
Acidovorax anthurii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Acidovorax anthurii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Anthurium andreanum, A. martinicense (Araceae
;) by artificial inoculation:
Dieffenbachia seguine (Araceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot of anthurium. Initially symptoms develop as necrotic lesions close to veins and leaf margins, which are frequently water-soaked and chlorotic. With age lesions blacken and turn grey. From the lesions, bacteria enter the leaf and spathe parenchyma and become systemic, resulting in tissue discoloration and ultimately death. Cover illustration shows symptoms on leaf. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad & Tobago. TRANSMISSION: Unknown. Symptoms can develop by misting susceptible plants with bacterial suspensions or soil drenching (PRIOR & ROTT, 1989).
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas cucurbitae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo, C. sativus, Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata
(
Cucurbitaceae
). DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot of cucurbits. Initially, small water-soaked lesions appear on the underside of leaves, becoming angular and surrounded by a halo as they age. Lesions enlarge and may coalesce. On fruits, the lesions are sunken with beige centres and dark brown haloes. Cuticles and epidermis may crack, resulting in fruit rot. Water stress in the host increases in direct proportion to disease severity (EL-HENDAWY, 1999). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Egypt. NORTH AMERICA: USA (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington). CENTRAL AMERICA: Trinidad & Tobago. SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Brazil. ASIA: Brunei Darussalam, China, India (Bihar), Japan. AUSTRALASIA: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). EUROPE: France. TRANSMISSION: Seedborne and on plant debris, no evidence of the bacterium surviving in soil for any period of time. Local spread is usually by rain/spray and wind. Symptom expression usually occurs during periods of high temperature generally following rain or overhead irrigation.
Phyllachora pennisetina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phyllachora pennisetina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pennisetum alopecuroides, P. mezianum, Pennisetum
sp. (
Gramineae
). DISEASE: Tar spot of
Pennisetum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Kenya. ASIA: China, Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: Not studied in detail, but morphological features agree with those of relatives which have been shown to disperse ascospores actively via air currents, possibly with secondary dispersal via water splash.
Cryptomyces maximus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cryptomyces maximus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Cryptomyces maximus
grows on dead portions of otherwise living willow twigs and branches, and is clearly at least partly responsible for killing them. Even some of the earliest literature noted how diseased willows infected by this fungus can appear (GREVILLE, 1826). At a site in SW Wales the author noted that the only trees infected were small scrubby bushes in a ditch next to an area with several horses. The horses had access to the bushes, and there was evidence that the trees had received significant damage from attempted grazing by the horses. In Britain, the fungus has been recorded producing ascospores in May. HOSTS:
Salix caprea
(living twig, living wood),
S. elaeagnos
(twig),
S. fragilis
(twig),
S. herbacea
(twig),
S
.
lanceolata
(twig),
S. myrsinifolia
(twig),
S. pellita
(twig),
S
.
pentandra
(twig),
S. phylicifolia
(twig),
S. viminalis
(twig),
Salix
sp. (attached twig). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Saskatchewan), USA (Colorado, Utah). EUROPE: Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Russia (Arkhangel, Kursk, Leningrad), Sweden, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.
Naemacyclus steatopygioides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Naemacyclus steatopygioides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE:
Naemacyclus steatopygioides
is known to fruit on old hanging needles on trash, and on litter needles. There is no other information about its ecology, but it is not thought to be pathogenic. HOSTS:
Pinus caribaea, P. massoniana, P. maximinoi, P. oocarpa, P. tecumumanii
(needles). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Honduras. ASIA: China (Hong Kong). TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.
Virgella robusta
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Virgella robusta
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: DARKER (1932) wrote that the parasitism of this fungus 'has never been proven, but field observations in western America have indicated that it is the cause of the most widespread and in some localities the most destructive needle disease of
Abies
. In the neighbourhood of Oregon Caves in the Siskiyou Mts ... [it] annually causes destruction of the foliage of
Abies concolor
comparable in degree to that caused by
Bifusella faullii
[now
Isthmiella faullii, IMI Descriptions
No. 793] in the eastern forests. The life cycle of [
Virgella robusta
] in the western forests requires two years from the time of infection to the production of a new crop of ascospores'. Although this species was not listed in SINCLAIR, LYON & JOHNSON (1987), there is no reason to suppose this assessment has changed. HOSTS:
Abies amabilis, A. concolor, A. grandis, A. lasiocarpa, A. nobilis, Abies
sp. (needles). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (British Columbia), USA (California, Oregon, Washington). TRANSMISSION: Not known. Presumably by air-borne ascospores released in humid conditions.
Digitoramispora caribensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Rodríguez Hernández M. , Minter D. W. , Castañeda Ruíz R. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Digitoramispora caribensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Although conidiomata are numerous on stems of the associated plant, the fungus apparently does not produce symptoms of any disease on the host. HOSTS:
Gramineae gen. indet
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: CENTRAL AMERICA: Cuba. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia.