bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative migratory tactics in brown trout (Salmo trutta) are underpinned by divergent regulation of metabolic but not neurological genes
Authors: Wynne Robert , Archer Louise C. , Hutton Stephen A. , Harman Luke , Gargan Patrick , Moran Peter A. , Dillane Eileen , Coughlan Jamie , Cross Thomas F. , McGinnity Philip , Colgan Thomas J. , Reed Thomas E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of alternative morphs within populations is common, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Many animals, for example, exhibit facultative migration, where two or more alternative migratory tactics (AMTs) coexist within populations. In certain salmonid species, some individuals remain in natal rivers all their lives, while others (in particular, females) migrate to sea for a period of marine growth. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling (“RNA‐seq”) of the brain and liver of male and female brown trout to understand the genes and processes that differentiate between migratory and residency morphs (AMT‐associated genes) and how they may differ in expression between the sexes. We found tissue‐specific differences with a greater number of genes expressed differentially in the liver (n = 867 genes) compared with the brain (n = 10) between the morphs. Genes with increased expression in resident livers were enriched for Gene Ontology terms associated with metabolic processes, highlighting key molecular–genetic pathways underlying the energetic requirements associated with divergent migratory tactics. In contrast, smolt‐biased genes were enriched for biological processes such as response to cytokines, suggestive of possible immune function differences between smolts and residents. Finally, we identified evidence of sex‐biased gene expression for AMT‐associated genes in the liver (n = 12) but not the brain. Collectively, our results provide insights into tissue‐specific gene expression underlying the production of alternative life histories within and between the sexes, and point toward a key role for metabolic processes in the liver in mediating divergent physiological trajectories of migrants versus residents.
Spatial pattern of genetic diversity in field populations of Fusarium incarnatum‐equiseti species complex
Authors: Rampersad Sephra N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFusarium is associated with a number of wilt, blight, scab, and rot diseases in a range of economically important staple food crops worldwide. An assessment of the genetic structure and population stratification of Fusarium incarnatum‐equiseti species complex (FIESC) pathogen populations is important to understand the evolutionary potential of such populations in adapting to environmental change. Based on intersimple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR‐PCR), it was found that the pathogen population was structured into three genetic clusters for which genetic differentiation was higher within than among populations. There was high intrapopulation genetic diversity for population 1 (94.63%) which consisted largely of isolates collected from North Trinidad. Populations 2 and 3 had a low level of admixture among the populations based on overall population differentiation. Population 1 accounted for the highest amount of genetic variation (95.82%) followed by populations 2 and 3. Population stratification was reflected in the dendrogram topology, which consisted of three main genetic clusters and which coincided with the outcome of Bayesian and PCoA analyses. The populations were isolated by distance, and Voronoi tessellations indicated physical or structural barriers to gene flow which contributed to restricted admixture between two of three populations. These findings suggest a high evolutionary potential for this FIESC pathogen population, the implications of which directly affect disease management strategies.
Effect of aggressive diuresis in acute heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: He Xin , Dong Bin , Xue Ruicong , Zhao Jingjing , Wu Zexuan , Wu Yuzhong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wu Dexi , Dong Yugang , He Jiangui , Liu Chen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) had distinct haemodynamic characteristics in the setting of acute heart failure. The aim of our study is to evaluate the differential response to aggressive diuresis in HFrEF and HFpEF.Methods and resultsPatients in the Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation trial with left ventricular ejection fraction measurement were included (n = 300) and classified into HFrEF [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%] (n = 193) and HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 40%) (n = 107). Effect of high‐dose vs. low‐dose furosemide strategy was compared separately in HFrEF and HFpEF. In HFrEF, high‐dose strategy did not increase change in creatinine or cystatin C at 72 h [treatment difference: −0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.14 to 0.03 mg/dL; P = 0.23 for creatinine, and treatment difference: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.02 mg/dL; P = 0.15 for cystatin C] compared with low‐dose strategy, but there were significantly more net fluid loss, weight loss, and congestion‐free patients at 72 h in high‐dose group. It was also associated with a significantly lower risk of composite clinical outcome of death, total hospitalizations, and unscheduled visits due to heart failure. In HFpEF, high‐dose strategy significantly increased change in creatinine and cystatin C at 72 h (treatment difference: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02–0.30 mg/dL; P = 0.03 for creatinine, and treatment difference: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.09–0.43 mg/dL; P = 0.003 for cystatin C), but did not significantly affect net fluid loss, weight loss, proportion of congestion‐free patients at 72 h, and risk of the composite clinical outcome.ConclusionsAcute heart failure on the basis of HFrEF and HFpEF responded differently to aggressive diuresis. Future trials should be designed separately for HFrEF and HFpEF.
Formation of Aromatic O‐Silylcarbamates from Aminosilanes and Their Subsequent Thermal Decomposition with Formation of Isocyanates
Authors: Gründler Franziska , Scholz Henrik , Herbig Marcus , Schwarzer Sandra , Wagler Jörg , Kroke Edwin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel phosgene‐free route to different isocyanates starts from CO2 and aminosilanes (cf. silylamines) to form so‐called carbamoyloxysilanes (O‐silylcarbamates), i. e., compounds with the general motif R1R2N−CO−O−SiR3R4R5 as potential precursors. We focused on the insertion reaction of CO2 into Si−N bonds of substrates with cyclic (mostly aromatic) amine substituents, i. e., PhNHSiMe3, (PhNH)2SiMe2, PhCH2NHSiMe3, p‐(MeO)C6H4NHSiMe3, o‐C6H4(NHSiMe3)2, 1,2‐C6H10(NHSiMe3)2, o‐C6H4(NHSiMe3)(CH2NHSiMe3) and 1,8‐C10H6(NHSiMe3)2. Compared to previously investigated aminosilanes these reactions are hindered due to the reduced nucleophilicity/basicity of the N‐atoms. Whereas slightly increased CO2 pressure (8 bar) and prolonged reaction times (24 h) were sufficient to overcome hindrance of the insertion into, e. g., PhNHSiMe3, intermolecular effects in some two‐fold NHSiMe3 functionalized substrates led to partial mono‐insertion (e. g., into o‐C6H4(NHSiMe3)(CH2NHSiMe3)) or intra‐molecular condensation of the intermediate insertion product in case of 1,8‐C10H6(NHSiMe3)2 to form 1H‐perimidin‐2(3H)‐one and other side products. Thermal treatment of mono‐silylated O‐silylcarbamates RHN−CO−O−SiR’3 resulted mainly in the formation of substituted ureas (RHN)2CO, whereas desired isocyanates could not be detected in these cases. Therefore, we continued our studies focussing on N,O‐bissilylated precursors, which were obtained by an additional N‐silylation of the O‐silylated carbamates. This allowed the successful formation of isocyanates. As a sole byproduct hexamethyldisiloxane is formed. In all cases, known as well as yet unknown substances were characterised by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, along with X‐ray diffraction analysis for crystallized solids.
Supercapacitor electrodes based on metal‐organic compounds from the first transition metal series
Authors: Chen Bulin , Xu Linli , Xie Zhiyuan , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMetal‐organic compounds, including molecular complexes and coordination polymers, have attracted much attention as electrode materials in supercapacitors owing to their large surface area, high porosity, tailorable pore size, controllable structure, good electrochemical reversibility, and abundant active sites. Among the variety of metal‐organic compounds exhibiting desired supercapacitor performances (high specific capacitance, long cycling life, high energy density, and power density), those with metals in the first transition metal series are the most studied due to their rich covalent states, light atom weight, environmental‐friendliness, non‐toxicity, and low cost. In this review, the recent reports on the metal‐organic compounds of the first transition metal series as electrode materials in supercapacitors are summarized and their electrode and device performances are discussed in terms of different metal elements and typical multidentate ligands. Moreover, the current challenges, design strategies, future opportunities and further research directions are also highlighted for metal‐organic compounds in the field of supercapacitors.image
Inter‐annual climate variability constrains rice genetic improvement in China
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Huang Liying , Peng Shaobing , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractYield potential has been significantly increased through hybrid rice breeding in the past, however, the genetic gain in grain yield is becoming marginal in recent years, especially in farmers’ field. The increase in climate variability is one potential reason for the stagnant rice grain yield. Moreover, overuse of nitrogen fertilizer and poor grain quality of hybrid rice reduce its advantage over inbred rice. The present study evaluated seventy‐eight elite hybrid varieties in 2014–2018 aiming to determine the climate variability and its influences on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and grain protein content of the newly bred rice hybrid varieties simultaneously. It was found that daily maximum and minimum temperature, daily radiation varied significantly across planting years. The extreme differences for Tmax, Tmin, and radiation were 2.0°C, 1.5°C, and 3.6 MJ m−2 d−1, respectively. Overall, grain yield of 22 varieties was significantly increased in comparison to that of the control cultivar Yangliangyou6 (YLY6), which was closely dependent on the planting year. Grain yield of these elite varieties ranged from 9.69 to 11.97 t ha−1, and NUE for grain production (NUEg) from 47.3 to 60.9 kg kg−1. The inter‐annual variation in grain yield, NUEg, and grain protein content was significantly related to the average daily minimum temperature (Tmin), due to its effects on grain filling percentage and harvest index. Moreover, these three properties are mutually correlated for all varieties across five years: grain yield positively correlated with NUEg (R2 = 0.46) and negatively correlated with protein content (R2 = 0.32), whereas NUEg negatively related to protein content (R2 = 0.49). These results suggest that enhancing the adaptation to climate variability in hybrid rice breeding is essential and urgent for sustainable rice production in China.
Improving liquidity in emission trading schemes
Authors: Kim Jihun , Park Kwangwoo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper constructs a model of an Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) market using bid‐ask spreads. We show that when such a market is dominated by a small number of traders with substantial market power, they tend to maximize their profits by widening bid‐ask spreads, thereby reducing market liquidity. We argue that adding more market participants, including derivatives traders, can alleviate this illiquidity problem. Policy changes at the European Union's ETS illustrate our theory, as the market significantly increased liquidity by enacting liquidity‐provision policies to attract more participants as it transitioned from Phase 1 to Phase 2.
The impact of retirement on mental health
Authors: Xie Lin , Shen Yingxi , Wu Yuanyang , Yang Hualei 
Published: June 2021

SummaryAfter 2020, with Chinese baby boomers growing old, more and more working people will step into retirement. What kind of influence retirement behaviour will have on the mental health of the older adults and whether the existing findings of retirement on the mental health of the older adults are applicable to China's current conditions? The answers are related to the improvement of the well being of older adults and future policy orientation. Based on the China Family Tracking Survey data in 2016 and 2018, the paper employed the Ordinary Least Squares, Two Stage Least Squares, and Propensity Score Matching methods to investigate the effect of retirement on the mental health of older adults in China. Results show that retirement can significantly reduce the depression and has a positive impact on the their mental health, and no chronic diseases, poor economic status and shorter education years are conducive to improve mental health of the elderly. Further, the mechanisms differ between the sexes that while exercise is a positive mediator for both sexes, reading and family dinners are positive mediators for men but not for women.
LncRNA linc00152/NF‐κB feedback loop promotes fibroblast‐like synovial cells inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis via regulating miR‐103a/TAK1 axis and YY1 expression
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gao Fei‐Fei , Xie Jie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Overexpressed inflammatory cytokines are the main factors causing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tissue damage and pathological deterioration, and lncRNAs has found to beinvolved in some autoinflammatory diseases. Methods: We designed this study to investigate the effect of lncRNA linc00152 on rheumatoid arthritis inflammation and explore its molecular mechanism.Result: We found that linc00152 was not only up‐regulated in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (RAFLS), but also stimulated by TNF‐α/IL‐1β in adose‐ and time‐dependent manner in RAFLS and this expression depends on the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Conversely, linc00152 promoted TNF‐α/IL‐1β expression in RAFLS induced by TNF‐α/IL‐1β. In addition, we found that linc00152 promoted TAK1 expression by targeting inhibition of miR‐103a and activated TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB pathway. NF‐kB indirectly promotes linc00152 expression by promoting the transcription activity of YY1, and YY1 directly promotes linc00152 expression by binding the promoter of linc00152. Conclusion: Our data suggested that the linc00152/NF‐κB feedback loop promotes RAFLS inflammation via regulating miR‐103a/TAK1 axis and YY1 expression. Thus, linc00152 acts as a switch to control this regulatory circuit and may serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for RA treatment.
Ferulic acid suppresses interleukin‐1β‐induced degeneration of chondrocytes isolated from patients with osteoarthritis through the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway
Authors: Du Kewei , Fang Xuchen , Li Ziqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) is involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis and mediates a series of toxic processes including the production of matrix metalloproteinase and inflammatory regulators which are suppressed by activation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). We aimed to determine the effects of ferulic acid (FA) on IL‐1β‐induced osteoarthritis chondrocyte degeneration.MethodsWe examined the effects of FA on osteoarthritis chondrocyte viability and SIRT1 activation. The impact of FA on IL‐1β‐induced osteoarthritis chondrocyte toxicity was determined by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitrite, IL‐6, components of the extracellular matrix, and markers of oxidative stress. Finally, we determined whether these effects were mediated through SIRT1 by inhibiting SIRT1 activity using SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol.ResultsWe found that FA activated SIRT1/AMPK/PGC‐1α signaling pathway and attenuated IL‐1β‐induced osteoarthritis chondrocyte degeneration by suppressing the production of IL‐6, PGE2, nitrite, Collagen I, Runx‐2, MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13, enhancing Collagen II and Aggrecan expression and inhibiting oxidative stress. Inhibition of SIRT1 by Sirtinol attenuated the protective effects of FA.ConclusionOur findings reveal that FA prevents IL‐1β‐induced osteoarthritis chondrocyte toxicity, which suggests that FA may be a potential therapy for osteoarthritis and warrants further investigation for its clinical application.
Pregnancy outcomes and factors affecting the clinical effects of emergency cerclage in twin pregnancies with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes
Authors: Zeng Chanjuan , Liu Xinghui , Zhao Yanhua , Pei Chenlin , Fu Yimei , Wang Weinan , Li Yuanqiu , He Lei , Zhang Weishe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of mid‐trimester emergency cerclage in women with twin pregnancies with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes, and to identify risk factors predicting spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) before 28 weeks, after cerclage.MethodsRetrospective analysis of twin gestations with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes treated with emergency cerclage or expectant management (2015–2020). The primary outcomes were the rate of sPTB before 28 weeks and the gestational latency. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with sPTB before 28 weeks, after cerclage.ResultsNinety‐seven women were included, cerclage (n = 58) or no cerclage (n = 39). Cerclage placement was associated with significantly lower incidence of sPTB before 28 weeks of pregnancy (34.5% vs 82.1%) and prolongation of the gestational latency (46.71 ± 27.52 vs 10.95 ± 11.71 days). Positive cervical culture (odds ratio [OR] 10.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–62.95), pregnancy duration at diagnosis less than 22 weeks (OR 9.42; 95% CI 1.69–52.69) and cervical dilation at least 4 cm (OR 7.92; 95% CI 1.40–44.71) were found to be independent risk factors for sPTB before 28 weeks, after cerclage.ConclusionEmergency cerclage in women with twin pregnancies with cervical dilation and prolapsed membranes was associated with an overall 40% decrease in sPTB before 28 weeks and a prolongation of latency by 5 weeks. The strongest predictor of sPTB before 28 weeks after cerclage was a positive cervical culture.
Applying adherent DBT Principles to treatment in a partial hospital setting: An analysis over 5‐years of outcomes from intake to discharge
Authors: Lothes John E. , McCool Matison W. , Mochrie Kirk D. , Guendner Eric , St. John Jane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesA small number of studies to date have examined Partial Hospital (PH) that utilize a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) model. Preliminary findings suggest DBT PH programs can be effective in various symptom reduction.MethodsThis study examined clinically relevant outcomes and included a heterogeneous clinical sample over a five‐year period. Specifically, the present study assessed pre–post data to examine changes in symptoms of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and overall degree of suffering from intake to discharge in a DBT PH.ResultsFindings showed symptom reduction from intake to discharge for depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and suffering for all 5 years. This DBT PH program was successful at reducing various symptoms in a sample of psychiatric patients.ConclusionClinicians might consider the advantages of placing patients in PH programs versus an inpatient stay or consider utilizing DBT‐informed PH programs after an inpatient hospitalization as a form of step‐down care.
Ectopic fat in liver and skeletal muscle is associated with shorter overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: van Dijk David P.J. , Zhao Junfang , Kemter Katrin , Baracos Vickie E. , Dejong Cornelis H.C. , Rensen Sander S. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyosteatosis has been associated with shorter overall survival in cancer patients. The increase in ectopic fat might not be limited to skeletal muscle only and might also extend to other sites such as the liver, resulting in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we assessed the relationship between myosteatosis and NAFLD and their association with overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing partial hepatectomy.MethodsPatients were selected from a prospective cohort of 289 consecutive patients with colorectal liver metastases. All patients with a preoperative computed tomography (CT)‐scan and liver biopsy obtained during surgery were included. If available a second pre‐operative CT scan was used to calculate changes in body composition over time. Muscle radiation attenuation was defined as the average Hounsfield units on CT of all muscle tissue at the L3 level. Liver biopsies were graded by a liver pathologist using the steatosis, activity, and fibrosis scoring system for NAFLD.ResultsTwo‐hundred and eighteen patients had an available liver biopsy of which 131 patients had two available pre‐operative CT scans with an average time interval of 3.2 months. One‐hundred and thirty‐five (62%) biopsies were classified as NAFLD. In multivariable Cox‐regression analysis, NAFLD [hazard ratio (HR): 1.8, 95%‐confidence interval (CI) 1.0–3.0, P = 0.037], increase in myosteatosis (HR 1.8, 95%‐CI 1.1–2.9, P = 0.018), and skeletal muscle loss (HR 1.7, 95%‐CI 1.0–2.9, P = 0.035) were independently associated with shorter overall survival while high visceral adipose tissue fat content was associated with longer overall survival (HR: 0.7, 95%‐CI 0.5–0.9, P = 0.014).ConclusionsEctopic fat content of liver as well as skeletal muscle tissue is independently associated with shorter overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases, while increased visceral adipose tissue fat content is associated with longer overall survival.
Noninvasive measure of treatment response in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis: Insights from EMMINENCE and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davison Beth A , Edwards Christopher , Loomba Rohit , Harrison Stephen A , Cotter Gad , Alkhouri Naim , Koch Gary G , Dittrich Howard C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and AimLiver histology changes are the current gold standard for evaluating non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but are limited by their invasiveness and variability for sampling and interpretation. We evaluated noninvasive biomarkers as an indication of histologic changes in NASH.MethodsAssociations between 12‐month biomarker and NASH Clinical Research Network histologic score changes in 339 patients with NASH in the EMMINENCE trial was examined with multivariable models and partial canonical correlation. A meta‐analysis of 17 NASH trials including 3717 patients examined associations between these same changes and histologic response within treatment groups, and treatment effects on biomarkers and on liver histology. Biopsy measures assessed were changes in ballooning, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, NASH improvement without worsening of fibrosis, and fibrosis improvement without worsening of NASH. All analytic methods suggest that a combination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cytokeratin‐18 (CK‐18 [M30 or M65]), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) changes best predicts overall liver biopsy changes in response to interventions.ResultsThe weighted average of standardized mean changes (0.403 × AST, 0.314 × CK‐18, 0.283 × HbA1c) facilitated comparisons of within‐group responses and treatment effects among studies included in the meta‐analysis. This composite in EMMINENCE discriminated between patients with and without NASH resolution without worsening fibrosis with area under the receiver‐operator characteristic curve of 0.7880, and for fibrosis improvement without NASH worsening of 0.7553.ConclusionA composite score based on changes in AST, HbA1c, and CK‐18 could serve as a surrogate for liver histologic improvement and an effective objective, noninvasive tool for comparative assessment of treatment effects of novel interventions.