bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of reproductive function in infertile women with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Rzakulieva L. M. , Hajizade A. E. 
Published: April 2021

Objective. The aim was to study the characteristics of reproductive function in women of fertile age with infertility and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was 148 women of fertile age. To compare the indicators obtained by special methods, the control group included the indicators of laboratory and instrumental examination of 30 non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Reproductive function was evaluated in 118 women with hyperthyroidism: 58 retrospectively (group I) and 60 prospectively (group II); the control group consisted of 30 healthy women of reproductive age. Hormonal studies were performed by radioimmune and enzyme immunoassay methods using the automatic analyzer "Cobb" ("Hoffmann La Roche", Switzerland), as well as DPS test systems the analyzer Immulite (USA). Ultrasound of the thyroid gland was performed by a linear sensor with a frequency of 7.5 MHz. The volume of the thyroid gland was calculated according to the Bruno formula.
Results. For women of fertile age with hyperthyroidism, a decrease in ovarian reserve is characteristic that is manifested by a significant increase in FSH level (14.1 3.1 IU / L, p 0.05), and a decrease in inhibin B level (35.9 12,7 pg / ml, p 0.05). In 47.7 % of women of fertile age with hyperthyroidism, there is a decrease in ovarian volume and a significant reduction in the average number of antral follicles of normal size (4.34 1.56, p 0.05).
Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that in diffuse toxic goiter there are not only functional disorders (metabolism of hormones of the reproductive system), but also deep organic changes in the structure of the ovaries that leads to a rapid suppression of their functions. In cases of thyroid diseases, the clinical manifestation of these changes is premature and early menopause.
Spatially Distinct Tectonic Zones across Oklahoma Inferred from Shear-Wave Splitting
Authors: Ortega-Romo Angie D. , Walter Jacob I. , Chen Xiaowei , Carpenter Brett M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To better understand relationships among crustal anisotropy, fracture orientations, and the stress field in Oklahoma and southern Kansas, we conduct shear-wave splitting analysis on the last 9 yr of data (2010–2019) of local earthquake observations. Rather than a predominant fast direction (ϕ), we find that most stations have a primary fast direction of polarization (ϕpri) and a secondary fast direction of polarization (ϕsec). At most stations, either the primary fast direction of polarization (ϕpri) or the secondary fast direction of polarization (ϕsec) is consistent with the closest estimated maximum horizontal stress (σHmax) orientation in the vicinity of the observation. The general agreement between fast directions of polarization (ϕ) and the maximum horizontal stress orientations (σHmax) at the regional level implies that the fast polarization directions (ϕ) are extremely sensitive to the regional stress field. However, in some regions, such as the Fairview area in western Oklahoma, we observe discrepancies between fast polarization directions (ϕ) and maximum horizontal stress orientations (σHmax), in which the fast directions are more consistent with local fault structures. Overall, the primary fast direction of polarization (ϕpri) is mostly controlled and influenced by the stress field, and the secondary fast direction of polarization (ϕsec) likely has some geologic structural control because the secondary direction is qualitatively parallel to some mapped north-striking fault zones. No significant changes in fast directions over time were detected with this technique over the 5 yr (2013–2018) of measurements, suggesting that pore pressure may not cause a significant enough or detectable change above the magnitude of the background stress field.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOCIAL MEDIA USES, INTERNET MEDIATION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Shehzad Munham , Ali Arshad , Muhammad Bilal Shah Syed 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study: This study explores the relationship between internet connectivity, social media usage, and political participation. Besides, assess the connection between political participation and vote casting behaviour on social media.
Methodology: The researchers used the Uses and Gratification theory and adopted a quantitative method to collect people's views. A designed questionnaire disseminates among 375 male and female Gujrat and Chi-Square analyses conducted on respondents' data.
Main Findings: The study's demographic findings reveal that most of the respondents belong to age 18-30 with BA/MA education. Students with single marital status use Facebook most of the time to get political information. The study results reveal that those who use social media platforms actively participate in political activities.
Applications of this study: Pakistani people frequently use social media applications like Facebook and Twitter daily to discuss political information. Active social media participants play an important role in political activities and provoke others to participate in the voting process.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Investigating the function of information technology in political practice will reinforce new democratic processes in economically developing countries such as Pakistan. The democratic system in Pakistan is not robust. Social media is experimenting with voter self-promotion and mobilisation to influence voters to change power dynamics in a politically motivated way.
As (pequenas) mãos que trabalham a terra
Authors: Marco Celeste de 
Published: April 2021

Este estudo pretende contribuir para a reconstrução e caracterização da vida
das crianças que viviam em áreas produtivas periurbanas em Buenos Aires (Argentina), no período que vai das décadas 1950-1960. Ou seja, crianças cujas vidas foram marcadas por um estilo de vida “do campo” e com inserção rodutiva nos negócios da família, mas, ao mesmo tempo, com a possibilidade de acesso a bens, serviços e práticas de origem urbana. Para abordar a questão são tomados como estudos de caso duas colônias agrícolas criadas em áreas rurais perto da capital federal da Argentina e capital da província de Buenos Aires em meados do século XX, durante o peronismo (1946-1955). A hipótese que se propõe é que as crianças estruturaram a economia doméstica familiar a partir de um trabalho que não era marginal. Ao mesmo tempo, alimentaram a vida social com base em suas práticas e necessidades particulares. Em suma, a intenção é apontar para a importância das crianças nas áreas periurbanas, em um período de plena implantação e consolidação produtiva destas.
A Retrospective Study: Epidemiology, Onset, and Duration of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Fransisca Cindy , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Ervianti Evy , Damayanti Damayanti , Sari Maylita , Budiono Budiono , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Alinda Medhi Denisa , Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto 
Published: April 2021

Background: Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) has a chronic and recurrent nature which could reduce patient’s quality of life in addition to the onset of ENL that occurs before, during, or after multidrug treatment, further emphasizing the importance of regular control and education.Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, onset, duration, and recurrence of ENL. Methods:Data from medical records were obtained for a 3-year retrospective study of multibacillary leprosy patients at the Leprosy Division of the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, with a minimum of 2–5 years follow-up period.Result:The prevalence of ENL continued to increase almost every year especially in 2017 (32% in 2015; 32% in 2016; and 36% in 2017). ENL most often occurs during the first year of multi-drug therapy (MDT) administration followed by after the release from treatment (RFT) with the latest onset occurring 4 years after RFT. The majority of patients experienced chronic and recurrent reactions with the longest reactions lasting up to 4.5 years (55 months). Conclusion:Knowledge about the onset, duration, and recurrences of ENL are essential, and strict supervision for routine control shall be encouraged to increase the patients’ compliance so as to increase their quality of life.
DESKRIPSI SEBARAN JENIS DAN SIFAT FISIKA BAMBU DI KAWASAN HUTAN DENGAN TUJUAN KHUSUS (KHDTK) SENARU
Authors: Wulandari Febriana Tri 
Published: April 2021

Senaru specific destination forested area is the only educational forested area which is situated in Lombok Island. It has important roles in providing facilities and information supporting knowledge of bamboo characteristics growing naturally in this area. Many studies about the characteristics of bamboo have been done, but none has been conducted for this area. The information about bamboo distribution was important to understand the potency of bamboo of this area and the information about bamboo physical characteristics were used as raw material data for bamboo crafting, furniture, and simple constructions. The aims of this study were at understanding the bamboo distributions and the physical characteristics of bamboo of this area. Samplings were conducted in two phases which the first phase was collecting bamboo species, number of the bamboo clumps and sticks. The second phase was conducted several tests for the physical characteristics of the bamboo collected from the first stage. The results of this testing were described and compared to the existing bamboo quality standards. 6 (six) bamboo species were identified in this forest: yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata), Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. f.) Backer ex Heyne), ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C), Santong bamboo (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz), Bilis bamboo (Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr) and Tali bamboo (Gigantolochloa apus Kurz). The number of bamboo clump was 160 clumps and 299 individuals. The physical characteristics of the bamboo were: fresh moisture content ranged between 37,93% – 69,49%, air-dried moisture content between 8,84% - 12,10%, fresh density ranged between 0,32 – 1,03, air-dried density ranged between 0,59 – 1,11 and oven-dried density between 0,55 – 1,04.
Field-Development Optimization of the In-Situ Upgrading Process Including the Ramp-Up Phase
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. , Gao Guohua 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Field-development optimization and optimization at the pattern scale are crucial to maximize the value of thermal enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) projects. Application of a field net-present-value (NPV)-based pattern optimization algorithm honoring field-scale surface and subsurface constraints for in-situ-upgrading (IUP) projects has been described in the recent past. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a novel field-development-optimization capability, including the optimization of the ramp-up phase to accelerate the production to achieve a faster cash flow and high surface-facility utilization. We integrate this new capability into a robust field NPV optimization platform.
A two-stagefield-development optimization algorithm is developed in this work. First, the steady-state pattern is optimized using the field-scale pattern optimization algorithm while honoring field-scale constraints and using a combined surface and subsurface performance-indicator-driven objective function. Ramp-up pattern designs are optimized separately using a solely pattern-scaleperformance-driven objective function in this stage. A preliminary pattern-delay time optimization follows next to precondition the problem for the subsequent field-scale optimization stage. The ramp-up pattern and pattern-delay times are optimized using a constant steady-state pattern in the second step of the algorithm. An appropriately penalized field-NPV-based objective function is used in this step to enforce field-scale surface and subsurface constraints.
Optimization results on a realistic example application indicate that the time to oil-rate plateau could be significantly reduced on the order of multiple years while honoring the surface production constraints. This requires the use of an optimized ramp-up pattern in conjunction with the optimal steady-state pattern. The ramp-up pattern is approximately two patterns wide and features an increased heater density to deliver production acceleration. It is also notably more robust against the effects of subsurface uncertainties.
Effects of administration route on uptake kinetics of 18F-sodium fluoride Positron Emission Tomography in mice
Authors: Gonzalez-Galofre Zaniah N. , Alcaide-Corral Carlos J. , Tavares Adriana A. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer widely used in skeletal imaging and has also been proposed as a biomarker of active calcification in atherosclerosis. Like most PET radiotracers, 18F-NaF is typically administered intravenously. However in small animal research intravenous administrations can be challenging, because partial paravenous injection is common due to the small calibre of the superficial tail veins and repeat administrations via tail veins can lead to tissue injury therefore limiting the total number of longitudinal scanning points. This protocol allows to look at the feasibility of using intra-peritoneal route of injection of 8F-NaF to study calcification in mice by looking at the kinetic and uptake profiles of normal soft tissues and bones versus intra-vascular injections.
Orthotopic liver transplantation of pigs using porto/caval-jugular shunt for research work or off-site training of young surgeon
Authors: Kadohisa Masashi , Inomata Yukihiro , Kasamatsu Hiroo , Torai Shinji , Yoshimoto Syuhei , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although the training of liver transplant procedure is highly important to young transplant surgeons, it is too hard to secure the learning opportunity, especially in the countries like Japan whose organ transplants from deceased-donors are relatively rare. In such a situation, the surgical training in large animals such as pigs seems to be helpful in improving their skills. Consequently, under the assist by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan, we established a simulation work of whole liver transplantation using laboratory pigs in the context of interinstitutional frame called the Six National University Consortium in Liver Transplant Professionals Training (SNUC-LT) Program. For this purpose, in this procedure, to guarantee stable circulatory dynamics during the anhepatic phase of pigs, we created a porto-caval-jugular shunt which is followed by addressing liver dysfunction, portal hypertension and intestinal congestion. Here, we describe the precise practical procedure. We believe that our procedure enables young transplant surgeons to gain surgical skills efficiently and effectively in addition to making a model animal in an experimental field.
DNA damage contributes to age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Jin Rui , Niu Chang , Wu Fengyun , Zhou Sixin , Han Tao , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Xiaona , Xu Shanrong , Zhang Jun , Li Xinyue , Wang Yinggui , Gao Ting , Yu Mengnan , Wang Ruiguan , Zhang Changjian , Li Jiangbo , Liu Qi , Zhao Haijing , Qin Lingmei , Li Yufang , Yang Peng , Tian Shen , Zhou Duoqi , Chen Wei , Ye Qinong , Cao Cheng , Cheng Long 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is known to disproportionately affect older individuals1,2. How aging processes affect the disease progression remains largely unknown. Here we found that DNA damage, one of the major causes of aging3, promoted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells and intestinal organoids. SARS-CoV-2 entry was facilitated by DNA damage caused by telomere attrition or extrinsic genotoxic stress and hampered by inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR). Mechanistic analysis revealed that DDR increased expression of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, by activation of transcription factor c-Jun in vitro and in vivo. Expression of ACE2 was elevated in the older tissues and positively correlated with γH2Ax and phosphorylated c-Jun (p-c-Jun). Finally, targeting DNA damage by increasing the DNA repair capacity, alleviated cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Our data provide insights into the age-associated differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and a novel target for anti-viral intervention.
An Integrated Method For Optimized Identification of Effective Natural Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
Authors: Liao Qi , Chen Ziyu , Tao Yanlin , Zhang Beibei , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li , Wang Qingzhong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current severe situation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been reversed and posed great threats to global health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find out effective antiviral drugs. The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) in SARS-CoV-2 serve as a promising anti-virus target due to its essential role in the regulation of virus reproduction. Here, we report an improved integrated approach to identify effective 3CLpro inhibitors from effective Chinese herbal formulas. With this approach, we identified the 5 natural products (NPs) including narcissoside, kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside, rutin, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation additionally revealed that these molecules can be tightly bound to 3CLpro and confirmed effectiveness against COVID-19. Moreover, kaempferol-3-o-gentiobioside, vicenin-2 and isoschaftoside were first reported to have SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory activity. In summary, this optimized integrated strategy for drug screening can be utilized in the discovery of antiviral drugs to achieve rapid acquisition of drugs with specific effects on antiviral targets.
Paradoxical Hyperalgesia of Supra-orbital and Infra-orbital Nerve Blocks when Anesthetizing the Trigeminal Nerves in Trans-Sphenoidal Endonasal Pituitary Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Sre Una , Litonius Erik , Gandhi Seema , Talke Pekka , Maties Oana , Siegmueller Claas , Magsaysay Avic , Hasen Daniel , Kunwar Sandeep , Seth Rahul , Gibson Lizbeth , Bickler Philip 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Pituitary neurosurgery executed via the transsphenoidal endonasal approach is commonly performed for pituitary adenomas. Reasons for prolonged hospital stay include postoperative migraine headache pain and protracted nausea with or without vomiting. Bilateral superficial trigeminal nerve blocks of the supra-orbital V1 and infra-orbital V2 (SION) nerves performed intra-operatively as a regional anesthetic adjunct to general anesthesia were hypothesized to reduce pain exposure and thus 6 hours post-operative morphine PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) use by patients. Methods: 49 patients, following induction of general anesthesia for their transsphenoidal surgery, were prospectively randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive additional regional anesthesia as either a block (0.5% ropivacaine with epi 1:200,000) or placebo/sham (0.9% normal saline). The primary endpoint was the pain exposure and resulting systemic morphine PCA opioid consumption by the two groups in the first 6-hours post-operatively. The secondary endpoints included (1) incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and (2) time to eligibility for PACU discharge. Results: Of the 49 patients that were enrolled, 3 patients were excluded due to protocol violations. Ultimately, there was no statistically significant difference between morphine PCA use in the 6-hours post-operatively between the block and placebo/sham groups. There was, however, a slight visual tendency of the block group for higher pain scores, morphine use p=0.046, and delayed PACU discharge. False discovery rate corrected comparisons at each time point then revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups for secondary endpoints. Conclusion: 6-hour post-operative migraine headache pain after endoscopic trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery likely has a more complicated mechanism involving more than the superficial trigemino-vascular system and perhaps is neuro-modulated by other brain nuclei. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04670614, Date of Registration 17/12/2020
Hand Sanitizer With Natural Ingredients Exhibits Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy
Authors: Rana Ajay , Mukhia Srijana , Acharya Raksak , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hand sanitizers are amongst the foremost preventive defence against coronavirus. Ever since the outbreak of this virus in late 2019 the hand sanitizers has become an essential part of our day-to-day life in fight against this contagious disease. The global demand for hand sanitizers has suddenly peaks and reaches record high with ever-increasing market. However, the regular and excessive usage of hand sanitizers, which contains chemical additives and synthetic fragrances, do have serious health and environmental hazards. Thus, due to the evident role of natural phytoconstituents and essential oils against various infectious microorganisms including viruses, they appeared as prospective and viable option for toxic and hazardous chemicals frequently used in hand sanitizers. Here we have developed an alcohol based hand sanitizer formulation supplemented with natural and sustainable ingredients like tea extract and lemon grass essential oil enriched with phenolics and natural flavours respectively. The antimicrobial efficacy of developed hand sanitizer was evaluated and compared with alcohol based hand sanitizers and commercial hand sanitizers. The results of well diffusion assay method and time-kill test have clearly revealed the enhanced effectiveness of hand sanitizer with natural ingredients compared to commercial sample and World Health Organization recommended formulation. Moreover, the herbal origin of these ingredients is very significant since the left over residues on hands after repeated usage might not have any toxicity issues. Hence, it has established that usage of tea extract and lemon grass essential oil in alcoholic hand sanitizer formulation may have positive effects on health and environment.