bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and Mesoscale Variability of the Two Atlantic Water Recirculation Pathways in Fram Strait
Authors: Hofmann Zerlina , von Appen Wilken‐Jon , Wekerle Claudia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtlantic Water (AW), which is transported northward by the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), partly recirculates (i.e., turns westward) in Fram Strait. This determines how much heat and salt reaches the Arctic Ocean, and how much joins the East Greenland Current on its southward path. We describe the AW recirculation's location, seasonality, and mesoscale variability by analyzing the first observations from moored instruments at five latitudes in central Fram Strait, spanning a period from August 2016 to July 2018. We observe recirculation on the prime meridian at 78°50’N and 80°10’N, respectively south and north of the Molloy Hole, and no recirculation further south at 78°10’N and further north at 80°50’N. At a fifth mooring location northwest of the Molloy Hole at 79°30’N, we observe some influence of the two recirculation pathways. The southern recirculation is observed as a continuous westward flow that carries AW throughout the year, though it may be subject to broadening and narrowing. It is affected by eddies in spring, likely due to the seasonality of mesoscale instability in the WSC. The northern recirculation is observed solely as passing eddies on the prime meridian, which are strongest during late autumn and winter, and absent during summer. This seasonality is likely affected both by the conditions set by the WSC and by the sea ice. Open ocean eddies originating from the WSC interact with the sea ice edge when they subduct below the fresher, colder water.
Satellite and Ocean Data Reveal Marked Increase in Earth’s Heating Rate
Authors: Loeb Norman G. , Johnson Gregory C. , Thorsen Tyler J. , Lyman John M. , Rose Fred G. , Kato Seiji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) is a relatively small (presently ∼0.3%) difference between global mean solar radiation absorbed and thermal infrared radiation emitted to space. EEI is set by natural and anthropogenic climate forcings and the climate system's response to those forcings. It is also influenced by internal variations within the climate system. Most of EEI warms the ocean; the remainder heats the land, melts ice, and warms the atmosphere. We show that independent satellite and in situ observations each yield statistically indistinguishable decadal increases in EEI from mid‐2005 to mid‐2019 of 0.50 ± 0.47 W m−2 decade−1 (5%–95% confidence interval). This trend is primarily due to an increase in absorbed solar radiation associated with decreased reflection by clouds and sea‐ice and a decrease in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) due to increases in trace gases and water vapor. These changes combined exceed a positive trend in OLR due to increasing global mean temperatures.
MYH9-dependent polarization of ATG9B promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by accelerating focal adhesion assembly
Authors: Zhong Yan , Long Ting , Gu Chuan-Sha , Tang Jing-Yi , Gao Ling-Fang , Zhu Jia-Xian , Hu Zhi-Yan , Wang Xia , Ma Yi-Dan , Ding Yan-Qing , Li Zu-Guo , Wang Xiao-Yan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTumour metastasis is a major reason accounting for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the discovery of targets in the primary tumours that can predict the risk of CRC metastasis is now urgently needed. In this study, we identified autophagy-related protein 9B (ATG9B) as a key potential target gene for CRC metastasis. High expression of ATG9B in tumour significantly increased the risk of metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Mechanistically, we further find that ATG9B promoted CRC invasion mainly through autophagy-independent manner. MYH9 is the pivotal interacting protein for ATG9B functioning, which directly binds to cytoplasmic peptide segments aa368–411 of ATG9B by its head domain. Furthermore, the combination of ATG9B and MYH9 enhance the stability of each other by decreasing their binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1, therefore preventing them from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which further amplified the effect of ATG9B and MYH9 in CRC cells. During CRC cell invasion, ATG9B is transported to the cell edge with the assistance of MYH9 and accelerates focal adhesion (FA) assembly through mediating the interaction of endocytosed integrin β1 and Talin-1, which facilitated to integrin β1 activation. Clinically, upregulated expression of ATG9B in human CRC tissue is always accompanied with highly elevated expression of MYH9 and associated with advanced CRC stage and poor prognosis. Taken together, this study highlighted the important role of ATG9B in CRC metastasis by promoting focal adhesion assembly, and ATG9B together with MYH9 can provide a pair of potential therapeutic targets for preventing CRC progression.
Prrx1 promotes stemness and angiogenesis via activating TGF-β/smad pathway and upregulating proangiogenic factors in glioma
Authors: Chen Zetao , Chen Yihong , Li Yan , Lian Weidong , Zheng Kehong , Zhang Yuxuan , Zhang Yujie , Lin Chuang , Liu Chaoqun , Sun Fei , Sun Xinlin , Wang Jihui , Zhao Liang , Ke Yiquan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlioma is one of the most lethal cancers with highly vascularized networks and growing evidences have identified glioma stem cells (GSCs) to account for excessive angiogenesis in glioma. Aberrant expression of paired-related homeobox1 (Prrx1) has been functionally associated with cancer stem cells including GSCs. In this study, Prrx1 was found to be markedly upregulated in glioma specimens and elevated Prrx1 expression was inversely correlated with prognosis of glioma patients. Prrx1 potentiated stemness acquisition in non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) and stemness maintenance in GSCs, accompanied with increased expression of stemness markers such as SOX2. Prrx1 also promoted glioma angiogenesis by upregulating proangiogenic factors such as VEGF. Consistently, silencing Prrx1 markedly inhibited glioma proliferation, stemness, and angiogenesis in vivo. Using a combination of subcellular proteomics and in vitro analyses, we revealed that Prrx1 directly bound to the promoter regions of TGF-β1 gene, upregulated TGF-β1 expression, and ultimately activated the TGF-β/smad pathway. Silencing TGF-β1 mitigated the malignant behaviors induced by Prrx1. Activation of this pathway cooperates with Prrx1 to upregulate the expression of stemness-related genes and proangiogenic factors. In summary, our findings revealed that Prrx1/TGF-β/smad signal axis exerted a critical role in glioma stemness and angiogeneis. Disrupting the function of this signal axis might represent a new therapeutic strategy in glioma patients.
Inhibition of the DNA damage response phosphatase PPM1D reprograms neutrophils to enhance anti-tumor immune responses
Authors: Uyanik Burhan , Goloudina Anastasia R. , Akbarali Aamir , Grigorash Bogdan B. , Petukhov Alexey V. , Singhal Sunil , Eruslanov Evgeniy , Chaloyard Jeanne , Lagorgette Lisa , Hadi Tarik , Baidyuk Ekaterina V. , Sakai Hiroyasu , Tessarollo Lino , Ryffel Bernhard , Mazur Sharlyn J. , Lirussi Frederic , Garrido Carmen , Appella Ettore , Demidov Oleg N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPPM1D/Wip1 is a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 and is overexpressed in several human solid tumors. Recent reports associate gain-of-function mutations of PPM1D in immune cells with worse outcomes for several human cancers. Here we show that mice with genetic knockout of Ppm1d or with conditional knockout of Ppm1d in the hematopoietic system, in myeloid cells, or in neutrophils all display significantly reduced growth of syngeneic melanoma or lung carcinoma tumors. Ppm1d knockout neutrophils infiltrate tumors extensively. Chemical inhibition of Wip1 in human or mouse neutrophils increases anti-tumor phenotypes, p53-dependent expression of co-stimulatory ligands, and proliferation of co-cultured cytotoxic T cells. These results suggest that inhibition of Wip1 in neutrophils enhances immune anti-tumor responses.
Lasp1 regulates adherens junction dynamics and fibroblast transformation in destructive arthritis
Authors: Beckmann Denise , Römer-Hillmann Anja , Krause Annika , Hansen Uwe , Wehmeyer Corinna , Intemann Johanna , de Gorter David J. J. , Dankbar Berno , Hillen Jan , Heitzmann Marianne , Begemann Isabell , Galic Milos , Weinhage Toni , Foell Dirk , Ai Rizi , Kremerskothen Joachim , Kiener Hans P. , Müller Sylvia , Kamradt Thomas , Schröder Christopher , Leitão Elsa , Horsthemke Bernhard , Rosenstiel Philip , Nordström Karl , Gasparoni Gilles , Gasparoni Nina , Walter Jörn , Li Na , Yang Xinyi , Chung Ho-Ryun , Pavenstädt Hermann , Lindemann Nico , Schnittler Hans J. , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. , Pap Thomas , Korb-Pap Adelheid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (Lasp1) was originally cloned from metastatic breast cancer and characterised as an adaptor molecule associated with tumourigenesis and cancer cell invasion. However, the regulation of Lasp1 and its function in the aggressive transformation of cells is unclear. Here we use integrative epigenomic profiling of invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from mouse models of the disease, to identify Lasp1 as an epigenomically co-modified region in chronic inflammatory arthritis and a functionally important binding partner of the Cadherin-11/β-Catenin complex in zipper-like cell-to-cell contacts. In vitro, loss or blocking of Lasp1 alters pathological tissue formation, migratory behaviour and platelet-derived growth factor response of arthritic FLS. In arthritic human TNF transgenic mice, deletion of Lasp1 reduces arthritic joint destruction. Therefore, we show a function of Lasp1 in cellular junction formation and inflammatory tissue remodelling and identify Lasp1 as a potential target for treating inflammatory joint disorders associated with aggressive cellular transformation.
Spin pinning effect to reconstructed oxyhydroxide layer on ferromagnetic oxides for enhanced water oxidation
Authors: Wu Tianze , Ren Xiao , Sun Yuanmiao , Sun Shengnan , Xian Guoyu , Scherer Günther G. , Fisher Adrian C. , Mandler Daniel , Ager Joel W. , Grimaud Alexis , Wang Junling , Shen Chengmin , Yang Haitao , Gracia Jose , Gao Hong-Jun , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProducing hydrogen by water electrolysis suffers from the kinetic barriers in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that limits the overall efficiency. With spin-dependent kinetics in OER, to manipulate the spin ordering of ferromagnetic OER catalysts (e.g., by magnetization) can reduce the kinetic barrier. However, most active OER catalysts are not ferromagnetic, which makes the spin manipulation challenging. In this work, we report a strategy with spin pinning effect to make the spins in paramagnetic oxyhydroxides more aligned for higher intrinsic OER activity. The spin pinning effect is established in oxideFM/oxyhydroxide interface which is realized by a controlled surface reconstruction of ferromagnetic oxides. Under spin pinning, simple magnetization further increases the spin alignment and thus the OER activity, which validates the spin effect in rate-limiting OER step. The spin polarization in OER highly relies on oxyl radicals (O∙) created by 1st dehydrogenation to reduce the barrier for subsequent O-O coupling.
Generation of patterned kidney organoids that recapitulate the adult kidney collecting duct system from expandable ureteric bud progenitors
Authors: Zeng Zipeng , Huang Biao , Parvez Riana K. , Li Yidan , Chen Jyunhao , Vonk Ariel C. , Thornton Matthew E. , Patel Tadrushi , Rutledge Elisabeth A. , Kim Albert D. , Yu Jingying , Grubbs Brendan H. , McMahon Jill A. , Pastor-Soler Nuria M. , Hallows Kenneth R. , McMahon Andrew P. , Li Zhongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurrent kidney organoids model development and diseases of the nephron but not the contiguous epithelial network of the kidney’s collecting duct (CD) system. Here, we report the generation of an expandable, 3D branching ureteric bud (UB) organoid culture model that can be derived from primary UB progenitors from mouse and human fetal kidneys, or generated de novo from human pluripotent stem cells. In chemically-defined culture conditions, UB organoids generate CD organoids, with differentiated principal and intercalated cells adopting spatial assemblies reflective of the adult kidney’s collecting system. Aggregating 3D-cultured nephron progenitor cells with UB organoids in vitro results in a reiterative process of branching morphogenesis and nephron induction, similar to kidney development. Applying an efficient gene editing strategy to remove RET activity, we demonstrate genetically modified UB organoids can model congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Taken together, these platforms will facilitate an enhanced understanding of development, regeneration and diseases of the mammalian collecting duct system.
Mapping chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements reveals pathological mechanisms in human gliomas
Authors: Stępniak Karolina , Machnicka Magdalena A. , Mieczkowski Jakub , Macioszek Anna , Wojtaś Bartosz , Gielniewski Bartłomiej , Poleszak Katarzyna , Perycz Malgorzata , Król Sylwia K. , Guzik Rafał , Dąbrowski Michał J. , Dramiński Michał , Jardanowska Marta , Grabowicz Ilona , Dziedzic Agata , Kranas Hanna , Sienkiewicz Karolina , Diamanti Klev , Kotulska Katarzyna , Grajkowska Wiesława , Roszkowski Marcin , Czernicki Tomasz , Marchel Andrzej , Komorowski Jan , Kaminska Bozena , Wilczyński Bartek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChromatin structure and accessibility, and combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in genomic DNA control transcription. Genetic variations in genes encoding histones, epigenetics-related enzymes or modifiers affect chromatin structure/dynamics and result in alterations in gene expression contributing to cancer development or progression. Gliomas are brain tumors frequently associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. We perform whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples to unravel epigenetic dysfunctions driving gliomagenesis. Based on the results of the integrative analysis of the acquired profiles, we create an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas. We explore these elements and intersect with Hi-C data to uncover molecular mechanisms instructing gene expression in gliomas.
TSSC4 is a component of U5 snRNP that promotes tri-snRNP formation
Authors: Klimešová Klára , Vojáčková Jitka , Radivojević Nenad , Vandermoere Franck , Bertrand Edouard , Verheggen Celine , Staněk David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractU5 snRNP is a complex particle essential for RNA splicing. U5 snRNPs undergo intricate biogenesis that ensures that only a fully mature particle assembles into a splicing competent U4/U6•U5 tri-snRNP and enters the splicing reaction. During splicing, U5 snRNP is substantially rearranged and leaves as a U5/PRPF19 post-splicing particle, which requires re-generation before the next round of splicing. Here, we show that a previously uncharacterized protein TSSC4 is a component of U5 snRNP that promotes tri-snRNP formation. We provide evidence that TSSC4 associates with U5 snRNP chaperones, U5 snRNP and the U5/PRPF19 particle. Specifically, TSSC4 interacts with U5-specific proteins PRPF8, EFTUD2 and SNRNP200. We also identified TSSC4 domains critical for the interaction with U5 snRNP and the PRPF19 complex, as well as for TSSC4 function in tri-snRNP assembly. TSSC4 emerges as a specific chaperone that acts in U5 snRNP de novo biogenesis as well as post-splicing recycling.
High accuracy capillary network representation in digital rock reveals permeability scaling functions
Authors: Neumann Rodrigo F. , Barsi-Andreeta Mariane , Lucas-Oliveira Everton , Barbalho Hugo , Trevizan Willian A. , Bonagamba Tito J. , Steiner Mathias B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPermeability is the key parameter for quantifying fluid flow in porous rocks. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the connected pore space allows, in principle, to predict the permeability of a rock sample. However, limitations in feature resolution and approximations at microscopic scales have so far precluded systematic upscaling of permeability predictions. Here, we report fluid flow simulations in pore-scale network representations designed to overcome such limitations. We present a novel capillary network representation with an enhanced level of spatial detail at microscale. We find that ﻿the network-based flow simulations predict experimental permeabilities measured at lab scale in the same rock sample without the need for calibration or correction. By applying the method to a broader class of representative geological samples, with permeability values covering two orders of magnitude, we obtain scaling relationships that reveal how mesoscale permeability emerges from microscopic capillary diameter and fluid velocity distributions.
Chemical cues that attract cannibalistic cane toad (Rhinella marina) larvae to vulnerable embryos
Authors: Crossland Michael R. , Salim Angela A. , Capon Robert J. , Shine Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChemical cues produced by late-stage embryos of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) attract older conspecific larvae, which are highly cannibalistic and can consume an entire clutch. To clarify the molecular basis of this attraction response, we presented captive tadpoles with components present in toad eggs. As previously reported, attractivity arises from the distinctive toxins (bufadienolides) produced by cane toads, with some toxins (e.g., bufagenins) much stronger attractants than others (e.g., bufotoxins). Extracts of frozen toad parotoid glands (rich in bufagenins) were more attractive than were fresh MeOH extracts of the parotoid secretion (rich in bufotoxins), and purified marinobufagin was more effective than marinobufotoxin. Cardenolide aglycones (e.g., digitoxigenin) were active attractors, whereas C-3 glycosides (e.g., digoxin, oubain) were far less effective. A structure–activity relationship study revealed that tadpole attractant potency strongly correlated with Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity, suggesting that tadpoles monitor and rapidly react to perturbations to Na+/K+ ATPase activity.
A machine learning approach for predicting suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students
Authors: Macalli Melissa , Navarro Marie , Orri Massimiliano , Tournier Marie , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Côté Sylvana M. , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuicidal thoughts and behaviours are prevalent among college students. Yet little is known about screening tools to identify students at higher risk. We aimed to develop a risk algorithm to identify the main predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students within one-year of baseline assessment. We used data collected in 2013–2019 from the French i-Share cohort, a longitudinal population-based study including 5066 volunteer students. To predict suicidal thoughts and behaviours at follow-up, we used random forests models with 70 potential predictors measured at baseline, including sociodemographic and familial characteristics, mental health and substance use. Model performance was measured using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), sensitivity, and positive predictive value. At follow-up, 17.4% of girls and 16.8% of boys reported suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The models achieved good predictive performance: AUC, 0.8; sensitivity, 79% for girls, 81% for boys; and positive predictive value, 40% for girls and 36% for boys. Among the 70 potential predictors, four showed the highest predictive power: 12-month suicidal thoughts, trait anxiety, depression symptoms, and self-esteem. We identified a parsimonious set of mental health indicators that accurately predicted one-year suicidal thoughts and behaviours in a community sample of college students.
The role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations
Authors: Sadras Victor , Vázquez Carolina , Garzo Elisa , Moreno Aránzazu , Medina Sonia , Taylor Julian , Fereres Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInteractions between plants and herbivores are key drivers of evolution and ecosystem complexity. We investigated the role of plant labile carbohydrates and nitrogen on wheat-aphid relations in a 22factorial combining [CO2] and nitrogen supply. We measured life history traits (assay 1) and feeding behaviour (assay 2) of bird-cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padiL.) and English grain aphid (Sitobion avenaeF.) forced to feed on single leaf laminae, and reproduction ofR. padiin a setting where insects moved freely along the plant (assay 3). Experimental setting impacted aphid traits. Where aphids were constrained to single leaf, high nitrogen reduced their fitness and discouraged phloem feeding. Where aphids could move throughout the plant, high nitrogen enhanced their reproduction. Aphid responses to the interaction between nitrogen and [CO2] varied with experimental setting. The number ofR. padiadults varied tenfold with plant growing conditions and correlated negatively with molar concentration of sugars in stem (assay 3). This finding has two implications. First, the common interpretation that high nitrogen favours insect fitness because protein-rich animal bodies have to build from nitrogen-poor plant food needs expanding to account for the conspicuous association between low nitrogen and high concentration of labile carbohydrates in plant, which can cause osmotic stress in aphids. Second, the function of labile carbohydrates buffering grain growth needs expanding to account for the osmotic role of carbohydrates in plant resistance to aphids.