bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Data Stream Pattern Evolution Analysis in Energy Control System
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Ye Zhihui , Zhang Chengting , Li Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the data stream obtained in the energy control system of a cigarette factory, a data stream pattern analysis method is proposed which provides support for anomaly detection and other applications by detecting and tracking the pattern and extracting the evolution between the patterns. In this paper, the concept and definition of pattern tracking method for data streams are proposed, as well as the measurement criteria of pattern similarity. On this basis, the paper introduces in detail how to generate and cluster the hypercube grids, store the grid, generate the pattern and track the pattern on the real-time data stream. The paper also defines and describes the dynamic process of the generating, retreating, mutating, dividing and merging of the data stream pattern. The algorithm in this paper is applied to the real data stream collected in the energy control system of Ningbo cigarette factory, identifying and analyzing various feature of the data stream pattern, which can effectively describe the physical changes of the energy system.
Modeling the Correlation Relationship of Aqueous Battery Parameters Based on Regression Analysis
Authors: Xiang Liwen , Jin Jie , Zhang Jinghui , Ma Changjiang , Xiang Bingnan , Sun Wenhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study is a research on the new Aqueous battery. Based on the experimental data, the author selects the charge and discharge capacity, voltage and current of the battery during the charging and discharging process, establishing the correlation model between the parameters of the battery through regression analysis and other methods, and concluding the methods to optimise the performance and power supply capacity of the battery, which can explore a new high-efficiency battery that can replace the ordinary battery and provide new ideas and methods for the development of battery business.
Research on Air Quality Analysis Based on Cluster Methods
Authors: Li Zhaoni , Zheng Jian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research on air quality analysis is a hot field. Here we describe an analysis process based on cluster methods for the data of ambient air quality. In this paper, we use the process to cluster on the air quality data which from the National Urban Air Quality Report in December 2020 on the official website of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. We find that cities in different clusters with different main pollutants and pollution levels. Ambient air quality analysis aims to provide guidance for reducing the impact of air pollution on health.
Treatment and decolourisation of treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) using oil palm trunk-derived activated carbon as adsorbent
Authors: Lau K J , Lim A , Chew J J , Ngu L H , Sunarso J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has become a serious problem for the oil palm industries because of its high organic contents and other contaminant formation that results in dark colour, turbid and unpleasant odour. In the conventional treatment of POME used in Malaysia, treated POME can still pollute receiving water bodies as colour is one of the major contaminants that is not completely removed. Adsorption is a promising technique for addressing this problem, with a large range of adsorbents to choose from. It works by adhering the pollutants on to the high porous surface area of adsorbent. However, the high cost of coal-based AC that is commonly used can be the limiting factor for its wider application in palm oil industry. Therefore, this work looks into resource recovery (i.e., use of waste stream) from plantation as precursor of AC synthesis to treat its own waste from the palm oil mill. Hence, the suitability of oil palm trunk (OPT) as feedstock for AC application in POME colour removal in the mill is investigated. Experimental run at the as-synthesis OPT-derived AC was performed for validation via POME adsorption test. The result shows that the OPT-derived AC produced can remove the organic pollutants and colour of POME at the dosage of 15% w v−1 within 48 hours.
Techno-economic evaluation of microalgae-based supply chain: Review on recent approaches
Authors: Lo S L Y , Kong K G H , How B S , Lim J Y , Show P L , Sunarso J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Third generation biomass-derived products such as biofuel has been garnering attention as a viable alternative energy source recently as it does not necessarily require fresh water and vast land for cultivation as compared to first-generation and second-generation biomass. However, extensive studies have to go into the feasibility evaluation for third generation biomass utilization prior to upscaling the process to commercial level. Other than comprehensive technical evaluation such as experimental studies to understand the microalgae productivity, economic evaluation of the utilization of third-generation biomass is also critical specifically in the perspective of supply chain. Therefore, the objective of this review is to lay out an overall picture to the readers the various option of approaches or methods utilized in feasibility evaluation of the microalgae-based supply chain. The outcome of the review paper indicated that approximately 58% of the papers reviewed opted for mathematical modeling with optimization whereas the remaining 42% opted for mathematical modeling without optimization.
Used lubricating oil recovery process and treatment methods: A review
Authors: Anisuzzaman S M , Jumaidi M H , Nasir N N M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Used lubricating oil (ULO) is considered hazardous as it is able to cause pollution and affect the environment. The presence of degraded additives, contaminants, and by-products of degradation render ULO more toxic and harmful to health and environment than virgin base oils. Recovery of ULO generally comprises cleaning, drying, and adsorption in order to eliminate water, sludge, and impurities. As the ULO is one of the hazardous wastes generated in various industries, such as industrial and automotive, it should not be used or disposed of in ways that are harmful for the environment. Recovery of ULO carries out many advantages which includes lower environmental impact, higher energy saving and lower risks. The main objective of this paper was to thoroughly review various recovery process principles and treatment methods for ULO. Importance of ULO recycling and various techniques along with their limitations were also discussed. The significance of this study lies in reviewing the roles of adsorbent and adsorption reclamation processes of ULO and few promising adsorbents were earmarked for further study.
Effect of neutralizing agents in the preparation of succinic acid from oil palm trunk
Authors: Bukhari N A , Loh S K , Luthfi A A I , Abdul P M , Harun S , Jahim J M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeutralization is an important process to control the pH required for enzymatic saccharification of pretreated biomass followed by fermentation for biochemical conversion. In this study, the production of succinic acid as a potential C4 building block was investigated by utilizing lignocellulosic biomass in the form of oil palm trunk (OPT). The effect of different neutralizing agents (NaOH, KOH and NH4OH) on the enzymatic saccharification of oxalic acid-pretreated OPT and subsequent succinic acid fermentation byActinobacillus succinogenesATCC 55618 was investigated. The results showed that all neutralizing agents tested were able to assist in the recovery of fermentable sugars with concentrations ranging from 38.1 to 39.6 g/L. However, during succinic acid fermentation, it was found that the soluble NH4-oxalate salt formed severely inhibited succinic acid fermentation compared to Na and K, thereby decreasing the succinic acid production from 14.0 g/L (using NaOH) to 1.0 g/L (using NH4OH). In particular, Na-and K-oxalate did not exhibit apparent inhibition for both the saccharification and fermentation processes. Hence, the choice of neutralizing reagent is essential to prevent inhibition in the preparation of succinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass.
Modelling the kinetics of microwave drying of shallot (Allium cepa) slices
Authors: Hii C L , Govind C , Chiang C L , Mohammad D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Convective drying is typically used to dry shallot (Allium cepa) commercially. However, a long drying time with a relatively low efficiency has led to the pursuit of new and improved drying methods. Microwave drying was chosen to be used due to its numerous advantages such as improved drying time, high drying efficiency and better product quality. In this research, three microwave power (180 W, 300 W, 450 W) and convective drying at 100°C were used. Results showed that drying kinetics (moisture content and drying rates) decreased the fastest at higher microwave power and the slowest using convective drying. In order to determine the best model to describe the thin-layer drying kinetics, four semi-empirical models were used namely Newton, Page, Logarithmic and Two-term models. Page model was found to be the best in describing the thin-layer microwave drying kinetics. Effective diffusivity values increased with higher microwave power and were found to be in the range of 6.62 × 10−6 m2/s to 3.69 × 10−5 m2/s with convective drying being the lowest (6.62 × 10−6 m2/s) and 450W being the highest (3.69 × 10−5 m2/s). Microwave drying is therefore able to improve drying kinetics compared to convective drying.
The effect of process parameters on catalytic direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Koh M K , Wong Y J , Mohamed A R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is an attractive route to actively remove CO2 and to promote sustainable development. Herein, the performance of Cu-Zn-Mn catalyst supported on mesoporous silica KIT-6 (hereafter, CZM/KIT-6) for methanol synthesis by direct CO2 hydrogenation reaction was investigated by varying the process parameters, which included the weight-hourly space velocity, reaction temperature and reaction pressure. The CO2 conversion was found to decrease with the increase of WHSV. On the other hand, CO2 conversion increased with reaction temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, the methanol selectivity increased with WHSV and reaction pressure but decreased with the increase of reaction temperature. The apparent activation energy of methanol production at low reaction temperature (160 - 220 °C) was 10 kcal/mol. Non-Arrhenius behaviour of methanol formation was observed at high reaction temperature (220 - 260 °C). The performance of CZM/KIT-6 was maintained at high level, with the average methanol yield of 24.4 %, throughout the stability experiment (120-hour time-on-stream). In post-reaction XRD analysis, the copper crystallite growth was found to be 53.5 %, thus, resulting in 35.3 % loss of copper surface area.
Influence of pH on corrosion resistance of electrodeposited Mg-Fe LDH composite films on Mg alloys WE43
Authors: Tan J K E , Balan P , Raj N A N , Nayak S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) are widely studied as corrosion inhibition coatings for magnesium (Mg) alloys due to their nano-lamellar structure and anion-exchange ability. The two common approaches in synthesising LDH films on Mg alloys are co-precipitation and hydrothermal treatment. Recently, electrodeposition has drawn more interest as a potential synthesis approach due to the low cost, ease of control, one-step method, and ability to create a compact film. In this work, Mg-Fe LDH film was synthesised on magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2 layer formed on Mg alloy WE43 by electrodeposition approach with the as-prepared iron solution at different pH values. The effect of pH of the solution (3.0, 5.0 and 7.0) on the formation of LDH films was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Additionally, the surface chemical components of the film were obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). All the LDH composite films synthesised at different pH values undergo electrochemical tests in Hank’s Balanced salt solution (HBSS). All samples promote corrosion resistance of WE43 with the LDH film synthesised at pH 3.0 provided the highest inhibition efficiency (I.E) of 94.48 % and resistance polarisation value of 3559. 07 Ωcm2.
Performance enhancement of a baffle-type solar heat collector through CFD simulation study
Authors: Tan A S T , Janaun J , Tham H J , Siambun N J , Abdullah A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The application of solar energy conversion has been extensively utilized as an alternative energy source to generate heat. This approach would be a step towards sustainable energy development particularly in the manufacturing industry with energy-intensive process. In this paper, thermal enhancement on the key component of a solar energy device – solar heat collector (SHC), has been evaluated by proposing a baffle-type SHC with various geometric configuration in the air passage namely longitudinal baffle and transversal baffle. The performance of SHC is evaluated in term of efficiency, temperature distribution, airflow pattern and pressure drop across the collector outlet through Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) investigation. It was observed that maximum collector efficiency was achieved in the Longitudinal-SHC (L-SHC), with a value of 46.2 % followed by Transversal-SHC (T-SHC) and without baffles. Maximum drying temperature at the collector outlet was 332.43 K for L-SHC, showing temperature rise of 0.35 % and 4.21 % from T-SHC and without baffles, respectively. The velocity vector indicated that turbulence flow was created in the T-SHC which consequently improved the heat transfer. Whereas in L-SHC, enhancement was achieved through the prolonged heating time in the passage. Considering the thermo-hydraulic performance factor evaluated, these enhancement features had diminished the effect of pressure drop.
Transport through the network of topological channels in HgTe based quantum well
Authors: Gusev G M , Kvon Z D , Kozlov D A , Olshanetsky E B , Entin M V , Mikhailov N N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Topological insulators (TIs) represent a new quantum state of matter which is characterized by edge or surface states and an insulating band gap in the bulk. In a two-dimensional (2D) system based on the HgTe quantum well (QW) of critical width random deviations of the well width from its average value result in local crossovers from zero gap 2D Dirac fermion system to either the 2D TI or the ordinary insulator, forming a complicated in-plane network of helical channels along the zero-gap lines. We have studied experimentally the transport properties of the critical width HgTe QWs near the Dirac point, where the conductance is determined by a percolation along the zero-gap lines. The experimental results confirm the presence of percolating conducting channels of a finite width. Our work establishes the critical width HgTe QW as a promising platform for the study of the interplay between topology and localization.
Numerically modelled study of the plunge stage in friction stir spot welding using multi-tiered mesh partitions
Authors: Baruah Arindam , Murugesan Jayaprakash , Borkar Hemant 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Friction stir spot welding is a solid-state joining process that has attracted significant attention particularly in the field of joining of lightweight, low melting alloys. These materials include alloys of Aluminium and Magnesium amongst many others which are of great importance to the aerospace and the automobile industries. The friction stir spot welding is a complex thermo-mechanical multiphysics phenomenon and is currently a field of intense research. The motivation of the current study is to understand this complex behaviour of the joining process by simulating it in the ABAQUS CAE environment. In the friction stir spot joining technique, the plunge stage is identified as the critical stage of operation as it involves a highly transient and dynamic zone for material and temperature flows. The plunge stage was studied in detail using the finite element based model. The plasticity of the material was simulated by the Johnson-Cook material model while the frictional heat generation was captured by applying a penalty-based frictional contact between the rotating tool and the workpiece contact surfaces. Considering the reasonable assumptions made, the results obtained by the numerical simulation model were found to agree with the past experimental and numerically modelled studies.
Interrater reliability and ease of use of the High-Alert Medication Stratification Tool‒Revised Prospective (HAMST-R PRO): A prospective, multisite study
Authors: Grinalds McKenzie S , Washburn Natalie C , Daniel Joel W , Walroth Todd A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objective
The High-Alert Medication Stratification Tool‒Revised (HAMST-R) was originally designed to standardize the identification of high-alert medications (HAMs) according to safety risk. The primary objective of this multisite study was to assess interrater reliability of the HAMST-R PRO, a version of the tool designed to prospectively evaluate safety risk of medications during evaluation for formulary addition.

Methods
HAMST-R was designed as an objective tool to evaluate HAMs at a single site during the HAMST-R phase I study. Phase II of the study demonstrated the validity of the tool in a multisite, national study. In this third study, 11 medication safety experts from 8 health systems across the United States and 1 in Canada facilitated evaluation of medications prospectively with the HAMST-R PRO during the formulary review process for 27 medications. At each site, at least 5 individuals were asked to review each medication. Interrater reliability was evaluated using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Ease of use was determined by participant interviews.

Results
Overall interrater reliability for HAMST-R PRO was found to be 0.76 (P &lt; 0.001) across all sites, indicating substantial agreement between users. Interrater reliability among individual sites ranged from 0.52 to 0.82 (P &lt; 0.05 for all sites).

Conclusion
Interrater reliability of HAMST-R PRO is substantial, indicating consistency and agreement among pharmacists utilizing this tool to evaluate safety risk of medications before their addition to a health-system formulary. This information can be used to identify potential interventions for each step of the medication-use process that institutions may implement to decrease a medication’s potential safety risk.
Multivariate Bayesian spatio-temporal P-spline models to analyze crimes against women
Authors: Vicente Gonzalo , Goicoa Tomás , Ugarte María Dolores 
Published: November 2021

SummaryUnivariate spatio-temporal models for areal count data have received great attention in recent years for estimating risks. However, models for studying multivariate responses are less commonly used mainly due to the computational burden. In this article, multivariate spatio-temporal P-spline models are proposed to study different forms of violence against women. Modeling distinct crimes jointly improves the precision of estimates over univariate models and allows to compute correlations among them. The correlation between the spatial and the temporal patterns may suggest connections among the different crimes that will certainly benefit a thorough comprehension of this problem that affects millions of women around the world. The models are fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximations and are used to analyze four distinct crimes against women at district level in the Indian state of Maharashtra during the period 2001–2013.
Effects of Processing Method Changes in Main Volatile Compounds of Qixue Shuangbu Prescription by Needle Trap Device Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Linwei , Jiang Yong , Liu Lunyuan , Bei Chenqi , Chen Yan , Wang Hua , Tian Hu , Chen Ziduan , Wang Qin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQixue Shuangbu Prescription (QSP) has been widely applied in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Previous clinical studies have found that the efficacy of processed QSP was significantly enhanced in the treatment of CHF. We have identified and analyzed the nonvolatile components before and after processing of QSP, and predicted the mechanism of synergistic effect after processing in the treatment of CHF. However, the synergistic mechanism of processed QSP caused by the difference of volatile components was still unclear. In this study, we developed a method of needle trap device coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to elucidate the difference of volatile components between crude and processed QSP. The established method has been used to identify 104 volatile compounds in crude and processed QSP. The results of multivariate data showed 38 differential compounds were screened as potential markers, which would further explain the mechanism of processing synergistic effect of processed QSP. This study successfully developed the method to elucidate its processing mechanism based on the difference of volatile compositions between crude and processed QSP for the first time, and it would provide a novel analytical strategy for the impacts of different processing methods on main volatile compounds in traditional Chinese medicine.
Screening Design and Response Surface Methodology for the Simultaneous Estimation of Carvedilol and Ivabradine HCl by HPTLC Method
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Naik Khushali , Tailor Pratik , Shah Shailesh 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The combination of carvedilol (CAR) and ivabradine (IVA) is used for a greater reduction in heart rate and for achieving better exercise capacity in a patient with chronic heart failure. Numerous reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and hyphenated techniques have been reported for the simultaneous estimation of CAR and IVA, but the high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has not been reported yet. Hence, the robust HPTLC method has been developed by the implementation of an enhanced analytical quality by design approach based on the principles of analytical failure modes critical effect analysis (AFMCEA) and design of experiments (DoE) as per the upcoming ICH Q14 guideline. The AFMCEA was started by the identification of potential analytical failure modes followed by their critical effect analysis by a DoE-based screening design. The high-risk failure modes were optimized by DoE-based response surface methodology. The method operable design ranges and control strategy was framed for optimized chromatography conditions. The HPTLC method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. The HPTLC method was applied for the assay of FDC of CAR and IVA, and results were found in compliance with the labeled claim. The developed method can be used as an alternative to the published RP-HPLC method for quality control of FDC of CAR and IVA in the pharmaceutical industry.