bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemic mechanism of intestinal bypass surgery in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Xie Siqi , Wang MingChang , Zhang Bin , Weng ShanGeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo investigate the effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on postoperative blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats, and further explore possible mechanisms for the effect of surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Forty rats with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10 rats per group), which subsequently underwent DJB, new biliopancreatic diversion (NBPD) or duodenal-jejunal exclusion (DJE) surgery or a sham operation (SHAM). Fasting glucose, 2-h postprandial glucose and blood lipids were measured, and the mRNA in liver and intestinal tissue for bile acid receptor (FXR), as well as the FXR protein expression in the liver tissues were determined. Postprandial blood glucose and fasting TG and FFA in the DJB and NBPD groups were significantly lower than those in the SHAM group and preoperative (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks postoperation. Liver FXR protein was expressed at significantly higher in the DJB and NBPD groups than in the other two (p < 0.05), and the intestinal FXR mRNA in the DJE group were highest. DJB up-regulates the expression of bile acid receptors in the liver and down-regulates those receptors in the intestinal tract via biliopancreatic diversion. This process reduces TG levels, and subsequently any lipotoxicity to islet cells to produce a hypoglycemic effect.
n-Butanol production by Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1
Authors: Bai Wei , Ranaivoarisoa Tahina Onina , Singh Rajesh , Rengasamy Karthikeyan , Bose Arpita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) release in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion has inspired scientists to study CO2 to biofuel conversion. Oxygenic phototrophs such as cyanobacteria have been used to produce biofuels using CO2. However, oxygen generation during oxygenic photosynthesis adversely affects biofuel production efficiency. To produce n-butanol (biofuel) from CO2, here we introduce an n-butanol biosynthesis pathway into an anoxygenic (non-oxygen evolving) photoautotroph, Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 (TIE-1). Using different carbon, nitrogen, and electron sources, we achieve n-butanol production in wild-type TIE-1 and mutants lacking electron-consuming (nitrogen-fixing) or acetyl-CoA-consuming (polyhydroxybutyrate and glycogen synthesis) pathways. The mutant lacking the nitrogen-fixing pathway produce the highest n-butanol. Coupled with novel hybrid bioelectrochemical platforms, this mutant produces n-butanol using CO2, solar panel-generated electricity, and light with high electrical energy conversion efficiency. Overall, this approach showcases TIE-1 as an attractive microbial chassis for carbon-neutral n-butanol bioproduction using sustainable, renewable, and abundant resources.
The chromatin remodelling factor Chd7 protects auditory neurons and sensory hair cells from stress-induced degeneration
Authors: Ahmed Mohi , Moon Ruth , Prajapati Ravindra Singh , James Elysia , Basson M. Albert , Streit Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeurons and sensory cells are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their high oxygen demand during stimulus perception and transmission. The mechanisms that protect them from stress-induced death and degeneration remain elusive. Here we show that embryonic deletion of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) in auditory neurons or hair cells leads to sensorineural hearing loss due to postnatal degeneration of both cell types. Mechanistically, we demonstrate thatCHD7controls the expression of major stress pathway components. In its absence, hair cells are hypersensitive, dying rapidly after brief exposure to stress inducers, suggesting that sound at the onset of hearing triggers their degeneration. In humans,CHD7haploinsufficiency causes CHARGE syndrome, a disorder affecting multiple organs including the ear. Our findings suggest thatCHD7mutations cause developmentally silent phenotypes that predispose cells to postnatal degeneration due to a failure of protective mechanisms.
Zfhx4 regulates endochondral ossification as the transcriptional platform of Osterix in mice
Authors: Nakamura Eriko , Hata Kenji , Takahata Yoshifumi , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Abe Makoto , Abe Takaya , Kihara Miho , Komori Toshihisa , Kobayashi Sachi , Murakami Tomohiko , Inubushi Toshihiro , Yamashiro Takashi , Yamamoto Shiori , Akiyama Haruhiko , Kawaguchi Makoto , Sakata Nobuo , Nishimura Riko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndochondral ossification is regulated by transcription factors that include SRY-box transcription factor 9, runt-related protein 2 (Runx2), and Osterix. However, the sequential and harmonious regulation of the multiple steps of endochondral ossification is unclear. This study identified zinc finger homeodomain 4 (Zfhx4) as a crucial transcriptional partner of Osterix. We found that Zfhx4 was highly expressed in cartilage and that Zfhx4 deficient mice had reduced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 and inhibited calcification of cartilage matrices. These phenotypes were very similar to impaired chondrogenesis in Osterix deficient mice. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence indicated a physical interaction between Zfhx4 and Osterix. Notably, Zfhx4 and Osterix double mutant mice showed more severe phenotype than Zfhx4 deficient mice. Additionally, Zfhx4 interacted with Runx2 that functions upstream of Osterix. Our findings suggest that Zfhx4 coordinates the transcriptional network of Osterix and, consequently, endochondral ossification.
Creation of a Community-Driven Decision Support Tool for Caregivers of Children With Developmental Concerns
Authors: Magnusson Dawn M. , Shwayder Irena , Murphy Natalie J. , Ollerenshaw Lindsay , Ebendick Michele , Auer-Bennett Eileen 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Despite increasing standardization of developmental screening and referral processes, significant early intervention service disparities exist. The aims of this article are to: (a) describe methods used to develop a decision support tool for caregivers of children with developmental concerns, (b) summarize key aspects of the tool, and (c) share preliminary results regarding the tool's acceptability and usability among key stakeholders.

Method:

Content and design of the decision support tool was guided by a systematic process outlined by the International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaborative. Three focus group interviews were conducted with caregivers (
n
= 7), early childhood professionals (
n
= 28), and a mix of caregivers and professionals (
N
= 20) to assess caregiver decisional needs. In accordance with the IPDAS, a prototype of the decision support tool was iteratively cocreated by a subset of caregivers (
n
= 7) and early child health professionals (
n
= 5).

Results:
The decision support tool leverages images and plain language text to guide caregivers and professionals along key steps of the early identification to service use pathway. Participants identified four themes central to shared decision making: trust, cultural humility and respect, strength-based conversations, and information-sharing. End-users found the tool to be acceptable and useful.

Conclusions:
The decision support tool described offers an individualized approach for exploring beliefs about child development and developmental delay, considering service options within the context of the family's values, priorities, and preferences, and outlining next steps. Additional research regarding the tool's effectiveness in optimizing shared decision-making and reducing service use disparities is warranted.
Within- and Cross-Language Relations Between Phonological Memory, Vocabulary, and Grammar in Bilingual Children
Authors: Kehoe Margaret , Poulin-Dubois Diane , Friend Margaret 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study investigated within-language and between-language associations between phonological memory, vocabulary, and grammar in French–English (
n
= 43) and Spanish–English (
n
= 25) bilingual children at 30, 36, and 48 months. It was predicted that phonological memory would display both within-language and between-language relations to language development and that these relations would be stronger at the youngest age.

Method:
Bilingual children participated in free-play sessions in both of their languages at each age, from which vocabulary and grammatical information (number of different words and mean length of utterance) was extracted. Vocabulary information was also obtained from parent inventories completed when the children were 30 months and a standardized receptive vocabulary test administered at 36 and 48 months. The children were also administered nonword repetition tests in both of their languages at each age.

Results:
Mixed logistic regression indicated that phonological memory was associated with vocabulary and grammar within the same language and phonological memory in the other language. In two of the four statistical models, phonological memory exhibited positive between-language relations, and in one model, it exhibited negative between-language relations to language development. Results also indicated that within-language and between-languages effects remained constant, or between-language associations decreased during the age range studied.

Conclusion:
Overall, the findings provide some support for cross-language associations between phonological memory and lexical and grammatical skills.
State feedback H∞ control for a class of affine nonlinear singular systems: Input restricting approach
Authors: Shojaee Vahid , Shafiee Masoud , Ibeas Asier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, a new method for solving the H∞ control problem for a class of affine nonlinear singular systems is presented. The main idea is to restrict the control inputs and initial states to the sets of admissible inputs and consistent initial values, respectively. Consequently, the impulse‐freeness of the system response is guaranteed. In this regard, a novel concept of “distance from the admissible inputs set” is introduced. Based on this concept, a set of sufficient conditions for the H∞ control problem's solvability and the corresponding H∞ controller is provided. The adopted approach can also be employed to solve the H∞ control problem for indefinite nonlinear singular systems as well as non‐singular nonlinear systems with a restricted inputs set. Sufficient conditions for the solvability of and corresponding solution to these problems are also presented. Finally, the practicality of this method is illustrated using a numerical example.
Stacking‐based ensemble learning method for cognitive distraction state recognition for drivers in traditional and connected environments
Authors: Jin Lisheng , Hua Qiang , Zhang Shunran , Guo Baicang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompared with the traditional environment, a connected environment in which multiple types of intelligent vehicles share roads will be more complicated. However, do changes in the traffic environment affect the driver's distraction level and distraction recognition? Relatively few studies have addressed these questions. This study constructs traditional and connected environments and conducts driving simulation experiments. Distracted driving data for 60 drivers were collected in each environment, and the one‐way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to select the distraction indices with significant differences as the input indices. An independent t‐test was applied to analyse changes in the distraction indices in the two environments. The results show that the distraction indices, including the standard deviation (SD) of the horizontal fixation angles, blink frequency, mean pupil diameter, mean saccade speed, SD of the steering wheel angle, mean speed and SD of the lane acceleration, differ in the two environments; therefore, the distraction recognition model in the traditional environment is no longer suitable for connected environments. A distraction state recognition model developed with a stacking‐based ensemble learning algorithm composed of a support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), long short‐term memory (LSTM), and bi‐directional LSTM with an attention mechanism (AT‐Bi‐LSTM) was proposed for each environment. The recognition accuracy reaches 95.71% in the traditional environment, and the accuracy rate reaches 97.92% in the connected environment. Compared with traditional algorithms, the proposed approach yields greater recognition accuracy and can be applied in intelligent vehicle distraction early warning assistance systems to improve road safety.
A classification method for urban functional regions based on the transfer rate of empty cars
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Li Jianbo , Lv Zhiqiang , Dong Chuanhao , Fu Liping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPredicting the nature of each urban functional region based on the transfer rate of empty cars plays a crucial role in constructing smart cities and urban planning. The transfer rate of empty cars describes the probability of a taxi driving from one region to another without any passengers. It can reflect the main driving directions of taxies and the main flow directions of people among different urban functional regions. Although current researches have focused on the functional regions divided by remote sensing satellite images, there is almost no discussion on determining the nature of the region through taxi behaviour. The authors consider using taxi behaviour to classify urban functional regions. Besides, the attentional spatio‐temporal model (Attentional Gated Recurrent Unit, AGRU) is introduced in the work. The AGRU consists of three modules, which are the spatial feature extraction module, the temporal feature extraction module, and the attentional pooling mechanism. The model has been evaluated on the data set provided by Didi Chuxing and it has been compared with some typical models. The experimental results show that the AGRU can reflect spatio‐temporal information, and its attentional pooling mechanism can distinguish whether a region is the place of departure or the destination.
Confusion in differential piston measurement with the pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Bertrou-Cantou A. , Gendron E. , Rousset G. , Deo V. , Ferreira F. , Sevin A. , Vidal F. 
Published: November 2021

Context. The pyramid was proven to be a highly sensitive and versatile wave-front sensor (WFS) and has been selected to be installed on the single conjugate adaptive optics (AO) systems of the extremely large telescope (ELT). The pupil of the ELT is fragmented by the secondary support spider arms, which are larger than the spatial coherence length of the atmospheric turbulence. This causes a rupture of the incoming wavefront continuity, which means that we need to be able to measure the differential pistons across the spider arms to achieve full wavefront reconstruction.
Aims. We investigate the reaction of the modulated pyramid WFS to discontinuous aberrations in presence of phase residuals after AO compensation for a range of expected observing conditions at the location of the ELT. We then explore some parameters of the sensor in order to improve its sensitivity to the wavefront discontinuities, including optical gain compensation, specific sensor modulation paths, and the number of faces of the pyramidal prism.
Methods. We derived sensitivity loss and modal cross-talk strength coefficients around static post-AO residual phases using the COMPASS end-to-end AO simulation software. Moreover, extensive closed-loop AO simulations let us derive two wavefront error criteria that are appropriate for a fragmented pupil geometry. We used these to assess the wavefront reconstruction performance.
Results. We show that on the ELT, the pyramid experiences a drastic loss in sensitivity and also non-linear modal cross-talks. Added to the limited capture range, this makes it poorly suited for phase discontinuity measurements at visible wavelengths. The strategies we studied to increase the sensitivity and reduce the modal cross-talk provide an improvement of the reconstruction for low D/r0(λWFS) values, that is, for a K-band pyramid. In presence of a large residual wavefront variance, however, a similar sensor in visible light fails to provide the necessary trade-off to measure both the continuous modes and the wavefront discontinuities.
Conclusions. The ELT instruments, designed with only visible-band pyramid WFSs, will not be able to perform a direct measurement of the wavefront discontinuities. They will have to rely on Kolmogorov statistics to restore the continuity of the atmospheric corrugated wavefront. If any other source of discontinuities arises on the ELT, instruments will need an additional, dedicated WFS.
Knochenbildende Tumore unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Osteoidosteoms und Osteoblastoms
Authors: Motlagh Mohammad Arab , Rauschmann Michael 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungOsteoidosteome und Osteoblastome sind gutartige knochenbildende Tumore, die in den ersten beiden Lebensdekaden nicht selten die Ursache von schmerzhaften Läsionen der Wirbelsäule mit schmerzbedingter skoliotischer Deformierung sind. Beide Entitäten sind sich histologisch sehr ähnlich, lassen sich jedoch durch Röntgen bzw. computertomographische Darstellung anhand ihrer Größe und morphologischen Merkmale gut differenzieren. Die Osteoblastome können durch ihre Größenzunahme und osteodestruktives Verhalten die Wirbelsäule destabilisieren oder zu neurologischen Ausfälle führen. Die Schmerzen sprechen häufig gut auf die Nicht Steroidale AntiRheumatika (NSAR), insbesondere auf Azetylsalezylsäure, an. Schmerzpersistenz und Nebenwirkungen von NSAR sowie mögliche Instabilitäten erfordern aber häufig eine interventionelle Therapie mit chirurgisch vollständiger Resektion selten in Kombination mit Stabilisierung oder perkutane Radiofrequenzablation, die je nach morphologischen Gesichtspunkten angewendet werden können.
Osteochondrome und andere knorpelbildende benigne Tumoren der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Disch Alexander Carl , Fritzsche Hagen , Schaser Klaus-Dieter 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungUnter den seltenen Primärtumoren des Skelettsystems zählen die chondrogenen zu den am häufigsten auftretenden. Innerhalb des chondroiden Grundmusters, zeigt sich eine große Bandbreite an radiomorphologischen und histopathologischen Erscheinungsformen mit variierender tumor-biologischer Aktivität. An der Wirbelsäule treten diese Tumoren deutlich seltener auf und klinisch stehen Schmerzen im Vordergrund. Aufgrund ihrer oft dorsalen Lokalisation sind neurologische Defizite nicht selten. CT und MRT sind maßgeblich für die bildgebende Diagnostik. Für das Management gilt das Prinzip der interdisziplinären Entscheidungsfindung und Therapie nach abgeschlossener Diagnostik, die eine suffiziente Biopsie einschließt. Entsprechend der Enneking Klassifikation der Tumoren sind intraläsionale und aggressive Resektionen in Abhängigkeit der zu Grunde liegenden, oft heterogenen tumor-biologischen Aktivität möglich. Entsprechend different sind Lokalrezidiv- und auch sekundäre Entartungsraten. Aufgrund ihres seltenen Auftretens, der notwendigen Diagnostik und der teils komplexen Therapie wird eine Zuweisung an ein spinal tumor-chirurgisches Referenzzentrum mit angeschlossener Infrastruktur empfohlen. Der folgende Artikel soll die Charakteristika, Diagnostik und Therapie benigner chondrogener Primärtumoren der Wirbelsäule aufzeigen und beschreibt exemplarisch Osteochondrome, Enchondrome, Chondro-myxoidfibrome und Chondroblastome der Wirbelsäule.
Drogennotfälle und medizinische Überlebenshilfe in
Frankfurter Drogenkonsumräumen
Authors: Stöver Heino , Förster Stefan , O’Reilly Maike Sinead 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel präsentiert die zentralen Ergebnisse der quantitativen und
qualitativen Querschnittsstudie „Notfälle in den Frankfurter
Drogenkonsumräumen – Strategien in der
Überlebenshilfe“, die im Dezember 2020 vom Frankfurter Institut
für Suchtforschung (ISFF) durchgeführt wurde. Die Studie basiert
auf einer erweiterten statistischen Analyse der Notfalldaten der Frankfurter
Drogenkonsumraum-Dokumentation des Jahres 2019 sowie einer qualitativen und
quantitativen Analyse des Schichtbuches des Drogenkonsumraums
„Niddastraße“. Der Schwerpunkt des Artikels liegt auf
der Beschreibung der registrierten drogeninduzierten und nicht-drogeninduzierten
Notfälle, den vom Team getroffenen Interventionsmaßnahmen und
auf der Analyse von involvierten Substanzen und konsumbedingten Risikofaktoren.
Abschließend werden mögliche Weiterentwicklungen zu
existierenden Angeboten dargestellt und kritisch diskutiert.
Quality Assurance in Cataract and Lens Surgery with Special Consideration of Subjective Patient Reported Outcome Measures and Clinical Reported Outcome
Measures
Authors: Fabian Ekkehard , Birkl Max , Benstetter Franz , Eberwein Philipp , Seher Ulrich , Pfeiler Thomas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Results of medical interventions must be documented and evaluated. In studies, this is done with clinical outcomes data (clinician/clinical reported outcome measure,
CROM). In the past, less weight has been given to patient surveys with questionnaires (patient reported outcome measure, PROM).
Patients/Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 104 eyes from 53 patients. Of these, 35 patients had cataract surgery and 15 patients had a refractive lens exchange.
The implanted lenses included 62 trifocal IOLs (Asphina trifiocal 839, Zeiss), 34 trifocal toric IOLs (Asphina trifocal toric 939, Zeiss) and 8 bifocal IOLs (Asphina 808, Zeiss) with the
same IOL platform. Patients completed a modified questionnaire before surgery and one year after surgery. We made changes to the CatQuest-9SF questionnaire so as to also document side
effects.
Results The effort required by the patients to answer the questionnaire was a burden. Transcribing the data into electronic files so as they could be saved and analyzed was a lot of
work for the staff. Among the patients, 88.7% were spectacle-independent in everyday life, and 77.5% for reading. 44.4% had a halo problem. 92% reported the operation as a success. 100% had
a prediction error of ≤ ± 0.75 dpt.
Conclusion There is a high rate of patient satisfaction with the outcome of the intervention. New questionnaires are needed for new IOLs. The Catquest-9SF is from 2009. Accordingly,
revisions and new validation is necessary. Beyond that, only automatic data transfer will reduce the amount of work involved in data input.