bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment cause declines in invertebrate populations: a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Nessel Mark P. , Konnovitch Theresa , Romero Gustavo Q. , González Angélica L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTHuman‐driven changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs are modifying biogeochemical cycles and the trophic state of many habitats worldwide. These alterations are predicted to continue to increase, with the potential for a wide range of impacts on invertebrates, key players in ecosystem‐level processes. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of 1679 cases from 207 studies reporting the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance, biomass, and richness of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions decreased invertebrate abundance in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, with stronger impacts under combined N + P additions. Likewise, N and N + P additions had stronger negative impacts on the abundance of tropical than temperate invertebrates. Overall, the effects of nutrient enrichment did not differ significantly among major invertebrate taxonomic groups, suggesting that changes in biogeochemical cycles are a pervasive threat to invertebrate populations across ecosystems. The effects of N and P additions differed significantly among invertebrate trophic groups but N + P addition had a consistent negative effect on invertebrates. Nutrient additions had weaker or inconclusive impacts on invertebrate biomass and richness, possibly due to the low number of case studies for these community responses. Our findings suggest that N and P enrichment affect invertebrate community structure mainly by decreasing invertebrate abundance, and these effects are dependent on the habitat and trophic identity of the invertebrates. These results highlight the important effects of human‐driven nutrient enrichment on ecological systems and suggest a potential driver for the global invertebrate decline documented in recent years.
Alpha‐amylase as molecular target for treatment of diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Kumar Vanktesh , Nayak Surendra Kumar , Wadhwa Pankaj , Kaur Paranjit , Sahu Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alpha (α)‐amylase is a calcium metalloenzyme that aids digestion by breaking down polysaccharide molecules into smaller ones such as glucose and maltose. In addition, the enzyme causes postprandial hyperglycaemia and blood glucose levels to rise. α‐Amylase is a well‐known therapeutic target for the treatment and maintenance of postprandial blood glucose elevations. Various enzymatic inhibitors, such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, have been found to be effective in targeting this enzyme, prompting researchers to express an interest in developing potent alpha‐amylase inhibitor molecules. The review mainly focused on designing different derivatives of drug molecules such as benzofuran hydrazone, indole hydrazone, spiroindolone, benzotriazoles, 1,3‐diaryl‐3‐(arylamino) propan‐1‐one, oxadiazole and flavonoids along with their target–receptor interactions, IC50 values and other biological activities.
Recommendations from parents, administrative staff and clinicians to improve paediatric ambulatory appointment scheduling
Authors: Kallos Alecia , Perez Arnaldo , O'Neill Marcus G. , Holt Nicholas L. , Bruce Aisha , Childs Michelle , Kane Poitras Sarah , Kherani Tamizan , Ladha Tehseen , Majaesic Carina , Ball Geoff D. C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundStakeholders can provide valuable input to improve scheduling paediatric ambulatory clinic appointments, a complex process that requires effective planning and communication between parents, administrative staff and clinicians. The purpose of our study was to characterize recommendations from parents, administrative staff and clinicians to improve paediatric ambulatory appointment scheduling.MethodsConducted between February 2018 and January 2019, this qualitative study was guided by qualitative description. Data collection was completed using focus groups with three stakeholder groups: parents, administrative staff and clinicians. Participants provided recommendations to optimize paediatric ambulatory appointment scheduling at the Stollery Children's Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Focus group data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using manifest inductive content analysis.ResultsForty‐six participants (mean age: 42.7; 87% female) participated in 12 focus groups. Parents (n = 11), administrative staff (n = 22) and clinicians (n = 13) made recommendations that were organized into two categories: appointment triaging and arranging. Triaging recommendations were related to appointment availability (e.g. providing alternatives to cancelling clinics with short notice) and waitlist management (e.g. developing clear and consistent policies regarding information flow and communication between clinics and administrative staff). Appointment arranging recommendations referred to booking (e.g. directly involving parents in the booking process), reminders (e.g. using text message reminders) and attendance (e.g. providing parents with a single point of contact who can provide the correct information about late and cancellation policies). Recommendations were similar across stakeholder groups.ConclusionOur findings showed congruent recommendations across stakeholder groups to address challenges with scheduling ambulatory appointments, many of which have the potential to be modified. Experimental research and quality improvement initiatives are needed to determine the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of stakeholder recommendations to improve triaging and scheduling paediatric ambulatory appointments.
De novo bone formation around implants with a surface based on a monolayer of multi‐phosphonate molecules. An experimental in vivo investigation
Authors: Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Di Raimondo Riccardo , Vignoletti Fabio , Núñez Javier , Muñoz Fernando , Sanz Mariano 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this experimental in vivo investigation was to evaluate the influence of modifying the implant surface by adding a monolayer of multi‐phosphonate molecules on the de novo bone formation and osseointegration.Material and MethodsThe study was designed as an animal preclinical trial with intra‐animal control and two healing periods, 2 and 8 weeks, to compare implants with an identical macro‐design but with two different surfaces. Eight female Beagle dogs participated in the study. Control implants had a moderately rough surface combining sandblasting and acid etching; test implants had an additional monophosphonate layer covalently bonded to titanium. Histologic and radiographic (micro‐CT) outcome variables were evaluated.ResultsThe first bone‐to‐implant contact (fBIC) was located more coronally for the test implants at the first (0.065 mm (95% CI = −0.82, 0.60)) and second healing milestones (0.17 mm (95% CI = −0.9, 0.55)). Most coronal BIC of the test implants displayed a higher percentage of osseointegration, +6.33% and +13.38% after 2 and 8 weeks, respectively; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The micro‐CT examination did not show any BIC difference.ConclusionsThe monophosphonate layer coating demonstrated clinical, histological, and radiographic results similar to the control surface.
Increased incidence of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with hematological malignancies requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bae Seong Hoon , Lee Yujin , Jung Jinsei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may dramatically alter the immunity of a recipient. Transient immunodeficiency that occurs before and after HSCT could be associated with the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), which is presumed to be often due to viral aetiology. We found an incidence of SSNHL of 29.4 per 10,000 person‐years in patients receiving HSCT, 12‐fold higher than reported for background population incidence. Development of SSNHL tended to cluster early after diagnosis of haematological malignancies, rather than around date of treatment with HSCT. Increased risk of unilateral SSNHL in patients with haematological malignancy may relate to underlying disease rather than treatment
Histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of cutaneous solid organ transplant‐associated graft‐vs‐host disease: Comparison with acute hematopoietic cell transplant‐associated graft‐vs‐host disease and cutaneous drug eruption
Authors: Russell Aaron J. , Musiek Amy C. , Staser Karl W. , Rosman Ilana S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it is relatively common after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) is a rare complication following solid organ transplantation (SOT).MethodsThis study evaluated skin biopsy specimens from five cases of SOT GVHD, 15 cases of HCT GVHD, and 15 cases of cutaneous drug eruption. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, T‐bet, and GATA‐3 was performed to examine the density and immune phenotype of skin‐infiltrating lymphocytes.ResultsSimilar to HCT GVHD, the predominant histopathologic findings in skin biopsy specimens of SOT GVHD were widespread vacuolar interface dermatitis with scattered necrotic keratinocytes. However, the density of dermal inflammation was considerably higher in SOT GVHD. Features that were more predictive of a cutaneous drug eruption over GVHD included spongiosis, confluent parakeratosis, and many eosinophils. Involvement of the hair follicle epithelium was seen in all three disorders. Both forms of cutaneous GVHD showed a predominance of Th1 (CD3+/T‐bet+) lymphocytes within the inflammatory infiltrates. This shift was more pronounced in SOT GVHD, particularly among intraepidermal T‐cells.ConclusionsSOT GVHD shares many histopathologic features with HCT GVHD. However, SOT GVHD has a greater tendency to develop brisk lichenoid inflammation.
A general theory of avian migratory connectivity
Authors: Somveille Marius , Bay Rachael A. , Smith Thomas B. , Marra Peter P. , Ruegg Kristen C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBirds exhibit a remarkable array of seasonal migrations. Despite much research describing migratory behaviour, the underlying forces driving how a species’ breeding and wintering populations redistribute each year, that is, migratory connectivity, remain largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that birds migrate in a way that minimises energy expenditure while considering intraspecific competition for energy acquisition, by developing a modelling framework that simulates an optimal redistribution of individuals between breeding and wintering areas. Using 25 species across the Americas, we find that the model accurately predicts empirical migration patterns, and thus offers a general explanation for migratory connectivity based on first ecological and energetic principles. Our model provides a strong basis for exploring additional processes underlying the ecology and evolution of migration, but also a framework for predicting how migration impacts local adaptation across seasons and how environmental change may affect population dynamics in migratory species.
Soil net nitrogen mineralization and leaching under Miscanthus × giganteus and Zea mays
Authors: Studt Jacob E. , McDaniel Marshall D. , Tejera Mauricio D. , VanLoocke Andrew , Howe Adina , Heaton Emily A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe winter fallow period common in annual cropping systems leaves soils vulnerable to erosion and nutrient loss, especially to nitrogen (N) leaching. This vulnerability can be mitigated with perennial crops that have living roots in the ground year‐round. The mechanisms, magnitude, and consistency with which perennial crops retain N are not clear. We used an experiment to test whether a perennial crop, miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), would leach less N than continuous maize (Zea mays L.) and how soil net N mineralization (Nmin) may explain observed leaching under varied environment and management conditions. The experiment included three crossed factors: (1) cropping system (maize, juvenile miscanthus = 1–2 years old, mature miscanthus = 3–4 years old); (2) N fertilization (0 and 224 kg N ha−1); and (3) environment (four site‐years at two locations in Iowa, USA, that differed in climate and soil fertility). We measured N cycling dynamics, including: inorganic soil N (ammonium + nitrate), in situ Nmin, N leaching, crop N uptake, and calculated system N use efficiency. There were many complex interactions among factors. On average, cumulative Nmin under juvenile miscanthus was 111% greater than maize, but as miscanthus matured, there was no difference in Nmin between the perennial crop and maize. There was no difference in N leaching between juvenile miscanthus and maize, but mature miscanthus decreased N leaching by 42% and 88% compared to maize (with and without N fertilization, respectively). Across all treatments, there was no relationship between Nmin and N leaching, suggesting other mechanisms are regulating N leaching. Overall, mature miscanthus shows promise as a tool to reduce N losses in areas dominated by annual row‐crops.
Not necessarily a place: How mobile transnational online workers (digital nomads) construct and experience ‘home’
Authors: de Loryn Bianca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article adds to current research on mobile transnational online workers (digital nomads) who travel the world in search of a holistic lifestyle that balances work and leisure. Using Kannisto's (2014) and D'Andrea's (2007) work on ‘global nomads’ as a theoretical lens and Nowicka's (2007) research on mobile professionals as a guide, I discuss the multiple meanings of ‘home’ for digital nomads who stayed in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2019. I will show that people feel at home when travelling with a loved one or by surrounding themselves with objects of emotional value. Furthermore, digital nomads create a feeling of being at home by connecting with their family via social media and video calling apps, while at the same time keeping them at a comfortable distance. Finally, some digital nomads envision an idealized ‘home base’ that is defined by social relations and not necessarily by the geography or amenities of a place.
Are the gender gaps in informal caregiving intensity and burden closing due to the COVID‐19 pandemic? Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Raiber Klara , Verbakel Ellen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis research note presents the findings of changes in the gender gap in informal care provision and caregiver burden during the Spring 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown in the Netherlands. Government measures in response to the pandemic strongly restricted informal caregivers in providing help and care to persons with health‐related needs. At the same time, formal care was scaled back and informal caregivers' urge to help their loved ones was likely higher than before the pandemic. Generally, women pick up a larger share of informal care and experience more caregiver burden. We assessed whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the gender gaps in informal caregiving by analyzing unique data on Dutch informal caregivers (N = 1672 caregiving situations in 1196 respondents). Results showed that women, compared to men, were more likely to have stopped and reduced caregiving, but also to have cared more during the pandemic. Moreover, based on longitudinally comparing levels during and before the lockdown, we found that the gender gap in caregiver burden narrowed down, especially because burden decreased for women. This means that the caregiver burden was more equally distributed among women and men during the Spring 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown than before.
Mobile advertising: A systematic literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Jebarajakirthy Charles , Maseeh Haroon Iqbal , Morshed Zakir , Shankar Amit , Arli Denni , Pentecost Robin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to review the extant literature on mobile advertising systematically and to carry out a comprehensive analysis of research in this emerging field. Accordingly, this paper synthesises the literature on mobile advertising in terms of theories, contexts, characteristics and methodology to analyse the development of mobile advertising research over time. The literature review shows that mobile advertising research has transitioned from text message‐based SMS advertisements into internet‐based smartphone advertising. Furthermore, based on the synthesis, we have developed a conceptual framework that shows the antecedents, mediators and consequences of mobile advertising. Additionally, we have identified some overlooked areas and proposed some insightful research directions to advance this field of research. This review contributes to the mobile marketing literature, specifically to the mobile advertising literature.
La flexibilité du marché du travail dans le secteur manufacturier indien: revue critique de la littérature
Authors: BHATTACHARJEA Aditya 
Published: June 2021

RésuméL'auteur recense les arguments avancés dans la littérature sur les liens entre un droit du travail indien prétendument «restrictif» et divers indicateurs économiques et sociaux. Il montre que les indicateurs de la législation utilisés dans le passé pour faire des comparaisons entre États sont entachés d'erreurs et ont été interprétés, à tort, comme des mesures de la flexibilité du marché du travail. Ces analyses présentent aussi des faiblesses sur le plan économétrique et semblent difficiles à répliquer au moyen d'indicateurs corrigés et actualisés. L'auteur fournit également des données témoignant de la dégradation de la situation des travailleurs du secteur manufacturier indien.
Santé, cognition et capacité de travail après 50 ans: données internationales sur les marges extensive et intensive du travail
Authors: VANDENBERGHE Vincent 
Published: June 2021

RésuméL'auteur utilise l'Enquête sur la santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe (SHARE) pour analyser le bien‐fondé des réformes récentes visant à relever l'âge de la retraite. Il constate que la santé physique et les capacités cognitives se dégradent avec l'âge, ce qui abaisse les taux d'emploi des 50‐54 ans. L'effet de la cognition est moins fort que celui de la santé. En outre, ces deux éléments influent plus sur l'emploi que sur les heures travaillées. Cependant, ils expliquent au plus 35 pour cent de la réduction du travail observée. La capacité de travail des seniors européens semble donc largement sous‐utilisée.
Por una negociación colectiva más inclusiva: la extensión de los convenios colectivos
Authors: HAYTER Susan , VISSER Jelle 
Published: June 2021

ResumenA partir de datos sobre cobertura de la negociación colectiva en 80 países, los autores analizan las ventajas de la extensión de los convenios colectivos como herramienta política para preservar unos mínimos en cuanto a condiciones de trabajo y empleo. Como instrumento regulador, la peculiaridad de un convenio de eficacia general es que se fundamenta en el acuerdo entre organizaciones independientes, autónomas y representativas, pero es emitido por las autoridades públicas, lo que le confiere tanto las ventajas de un contrato como las de un estatuto. La extensión puede así amparar a trabajadores vulnerables que, de otro modo, quedarían desprotegidos, sin menoscabar la adaptabilidad de esta modalidad reglamentadora.
Expectativas y realidad acerca del bienestar de las trabajadoras migrantes en las fábricas de ropa de Myanmar
Authors: NGUYEN Hanh 
Published: June 2021

ResumenA partir de una encuesta a una muestra transversal de 249 trabajadoras migrantes de fábricas de ropa en Myanmar, se examina cómo entienden y experimentan el bienestar material y no material sobre la base del enfoque de las capacidades de Amartya Sen. Se observa que la falta de empoderamiento individual y colectivo puede socavar su bienestar económico, social y psicológico. Teniendo en cuenta la evolución económica y social del país, su mercado laboral asimétrico y su régimen de seguridad social poco desarrollado, la autora sugiere que las políticas laborales deberían apoyar y empoderar a los grupos de trabajadores más vulnerables.
Salud física y cognitiva y capacidad de trabajo después de los 50 años: evidencia internacional sobre los márgenes extensivo e intensivo
Authors: VANDENBERGHE Vincent 
Published: June 2021

ResumenCon datos de la Encuesta de Salud, Envejecimiento y Jubilación en Europa (SHARE) se analiza la conveniencia de las recientes reformas para retrasar la edad de jubilación. Los resultados indican que la salud física y el desempeño cognitivo se deterioran con la edad, con efectos negativos en la tasa de empleo del grupo de 50‐54 años. El deterioro cognitivo tiene menor impacto que el de la salud, y ambos tienen mayores efectos sobre el empleo que sobre las horas trabajadas, pero dicho deterioro explica como mucho el 35 por ciento de la reducción del trabajo observada. Ello apunta a una considerable capacidad de trabajo infrautilizada entre los trabajadores europeos de más edad.
Effects of Ta2O5 content on mechanical properties and high‐temperature performance of Zr6Ta2O17 thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Liu Qing , Hu Xiaopeng , Zhu Wang , Guo Jinwei , Tan Zhenyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractZr6Ta2O17/YSZ double ceramic top coat thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with different Ta2O5 content are prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The effects of Ta2O5 content on mechanical properties and high‐temperature performance of Zr6Ta2O17 TBCs are investigated. With the decrease in Ta2O5 content, the hardness and fracture toughness of the Zr6Ta2O17 coating increases from 12.833 to 15.117 GPa and from 3.3592 to 3.7753 MPa m1/2, respectively. The Zr6Ta2O17 coating specimens with different Ta2O5 content do not delaminate from the substrate except the edge peeling after 180 h of oxidation or 2000 thermal cycles at 1150°C. The Zr‐12Ta specimen (the molar ratio of ZrO2/Ta2O5 of 0.88:0.12) presents the more excellent mechanical properties and high‐temperature performance. The reduction in Ta2O5 content will improve the mechanical properties, high‐temperature oxidation, and thermal cycle performance of Zr6Ta2O17/YSZ double ceramic top coat TBCs.
Fabrication of ZrO2/rGO nanocomposites by flash sintering under AC electric fields
Authors: Su Xinghua , Fu Mengying , An Gai , Jiao Zhihua , Tian Qiang , Wei Jumeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCeramic matrix nanocomposites containing graphene possess superior mechanical properties. However, these nanocomposites are very difficult to be prepared using the conventional methods due to severe grain growth and simultaneous degradation of the graphene at high sintering temperatures and long dwell time. Herein, the dense ZrO2/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposites are successfully fabricated by flash sintering of the green compacts consisting of ZrO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) at 893–951℃ in merely 5 seconds under the alternating current (AC) electric fields of 130–150 V cm−1. The GO can be in situ thermal reduced during the flash sintering. The as‐prepared ZrO2/rGO nanocomposites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. This study presents a green and simple approach to fabricate the dense ceramic matrix nanocomposites reinforced with graphene at low temperatures in a short time.