bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tandem mass spectrometry approaches for recognition of isomeric compounds mixtures
Authors: Crotti Sara , Menicatti Marta , Pallecchi Marco , Bartolucci Gianluca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present review aims to collect the published literature pertaining the recognition of isobaric compounds (isomers or stereoisomers) using the features of tandem mass spectrometry (MS) experiments without any chromatographic separation or chemical modification (derivatization or isotopic enrichment) of the analytes. MS/MS methods possess high selectivity, wide dynamic range and high throughput capabilities. Generally, tandem MS has limited capability for distinguishing isomers that fragment similarly. However, some MS/MS methods have been developed and positively applied to isomers discrimination. Among the literature on this topic, the applications that fit on the review subject can be summarized as follow: (1) chiral discrimination by the kinetic method, (2) the use energy‐resolved tandem mass spectra and the survival yield (SY) representation, (3) the kinetics evaluation of the ion‐molecule interaction and (4) the postprocessing mathematical algorithm to resolve the isomers in MS/MS signal.
In Vivo18F‐APN‐1607 Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in MAPT Mutations: Cross‐Sectional and Longitudinal Findings
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Yue , Lu Jia‐Ying , Liu Feng‐Tao , Wu Ping , Zhao Jue , Ju Zi‐Zhao , Tang Yi‐Lin , Shi Qing‐Yi , Lin Hua‐Mei , Wu Jian‐Jun , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Zuo Chuan‐Tao , Sun Yi‐Min , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrontotemporal lobar degeneration with tauopathy caused by MAPT (microtubule‐associated protein tau) mutations is a highly heterogenous disorder. The ability to visualize and longitudinally monitor tau deposits may be beneficial to understand disease pathophysiology and predict clinical trajectories.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the cross‐sectional and longitudinal 18F‐APN‐1607 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging findings in MAPT mutation carriers.MethodsSeven carriers of MAPT mutations (six within exon 10 and one outside of exon 10) and 15 healthy control subjects were included. All participants underwent 18F‐APN‐1607 PET/CT at baseline. Three carriers of exon 10 mutations received follow‐up 18F‐APN‐1607 PET/CT scans. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) maps were obtained using the cerebellar gray matter as the reference region. SUVR values observed in MAPT mutation carriers were normalized to data from healthy control subjects. A regional SUVR z score ≥ 2 was used as the criterion to define positive 18F‐APN‐1607 PET/CT findings.ResultsAlthough the seven study patients had heterogenous clinical phenotypes, all showed a significant 18F‐APN‐1607 uptake characterized by high‐contrast signals. However, the anatomical localization of tau deposits differed in patients with distinct clinical symptoms. Follow‐up imaging data, which were available for three patients, demonstrated worsening trends in patterns of tau accumulation over time, which were paralleled by a significant clinical deterioration.ConclusionsOur data represent a promising step in understanding the usefulness of 18F‐APN‐1607 PET/CT imaging for detecting tau accumulation in MAPT mutation carriers. Our preliminary follow‐up data also suggest the potential value of 18F‐APN‐1607 PET/CT for monitoring the longitudinal trajectories of frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by MAPT mutations. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Robust partial Fourier reconstruction for diffusion‐weighted imaging using a recurrent convolutional neural network
Authors: Gadjimuradov Fasil , Benkert Thomas , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Maier Andreas 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo develop an algorithm for robust partial Fourier (PF) reconstruction applicable to diffusion‐weighted (DW) images with non‐smooth phase variations.MethodsBased on an unrolled proximal splitting algorithm, a neural network architecture is derived, which alternates between data consistency operations and regularization implemented by recurrent convolutions. In order to exploit correlations, multiple repetitions of the same slice are jointly reconstructed under consideration of permutation‐equivariance. The algorithm is trained on DW liver data of 60 volunteers and evaluated on retrospectively and prospectively subsampled data of different anatomies and resolutions.ResultsThe proposed method is able to significantly outperform conventional PF techniques on retrospectively subsampled data in terms of quantitative measures as well as perceptual image quality. In this context, joint reconstruction of repetitions as well as the particular type of recurrent network unrolling are found to be beneficial with respect to reconstruction quality. On prospectively PF‐sampled data, the proposed method enables DW imaging with higher signal without sacrificing image resolution or introducing additional artifacts. Alternatively, it can be used to counter the TE increase in acquisitions with higher resolution. Furthermore, generalizability can be shown to prospective brain data exhibiting anatomies and contrasts not present in the training set.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that robust PF reconstruction of DW data is feasible even at strong PF factors in anatomies prone to phase variations. Since the proposed method does not rely on smoothness priors of the phase but uses learned recurrent convolutions instead, artifacts of conventional PF methods can be avoided.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI of the rat brain with chemical shift saturation recovery and spiral‐IDEAL readout
Authors: Friedlander Yonni , Zanette Brandon , Lindenmaier Andras , Li Daniel , Kadlecek Stephen , Santyr Giles , Kassner Andrea 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of 129Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) combined with spiral‐IDEAL imaging for simultaneous measurement of the time‐course of red blood cell (RBC) and brain tissue signals in the rat brain.MethodsImages of both the RBC and brain tissue 129Xe signals from the brains of five rats were obtained using interleaved spiral‐IDEAL imaging following chemical shift saturation pulses applied at multiple CSSR delay times, τ. A linear fit of the signals to τ was used to calculate the slope of the signal for both RBC and brain tissue compartments on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis. Gas transfer was evaluated by measuring the ratio of the whole brain tissue‐to‐RBC signal intensities as a function of τ. To investigate the relationship between the CSSR images and gas transfer in the brain, the experiments were repeated during hypercapnic ventilation.ResultsHypercapnia, affected the ratio of the tissue‐to‐RBC signal intensity (p = 0.026), consistent with an increase in gas transfer.ConclusionCSSR with spiral‐IDEAL imaging is feasible for acquisition of 129Xe RBC and brain tissue time‐course images in the rat brain. Differences in the time‐course of the signal intensity ratios are consistent with gas transfer changes expected under hypercapnic conditions.
A generalized approach for implicit time integration of piecewise linear/nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhang Runsen , Zanoni Andrea , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA generalized solution scheme using implicit time integrators for piecewise linear and nonlinear systems is developed. The piecewise linear characteristic has been well‐discussed in previous studies, in which the original problem has been transformed into linear complementarity problems (LCPs) and then solved via the Lemke algorithm for each time step. The proposed scheme, instead, uses the projection function to describe the discontinuity in the dynamics equations, and solves for each step the nonlinear equations obtained from the implicit integrator by the semismooth Newton iteration. Compared with the LCP‐based scheme, the new scheme offers a more general choice by allowing other nonlinearities in the governing equations. To assess its performances, several illustrative examples are solved. The numerical solutions demonstrate that the new scheme can not only predict satisfactory results for piecewise nonlinear systems, but also exhibits substantial efficiency advantages over the LCP‐based scheme when applied to piecewise linear systems.
Nonlinear wave in granular systems based on elastoplastic dashpot model
Authors: Wang Gengxiang , Liu Caishan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe dynamic dashpot models are widely used in EDEM commercial software. However, most dashpot models suffer from a serious numerical issue in calculating the granular chain because the denominator of damping force includes the initial impact velocity. Moreover, the existing dynamic dashpot models extended from the original Hertz contact law overestimated the contact stiffness in the elastoplastic contact phase. These two reasons above result in most dynamic dashpot models confronting some issues in calculating the multiple collision of the granular chain. Therefore, this investigation aims to propose a new composite dynamic dashpot model for the dynamic simulation of granular matters. First, the entire contact process is divided into three different phases: elastic, elastoplastic, and full plastic phases. The Hertz contact stiffness is still used in the elastic contact phase when the contact comes into the elastoplastic or full plastic phase. Hertz contact stiffness in the dynamic dashpot model is replaced by linearizing the contact stiffness from the Ma‐Liu (ML) model in each time step. Second, the whole contact behavior is treated as a linear mass‐spring‐damper model, and the damping factor is obtained by solving the single‐degree‐freedom underdamped vibration equation. The new dynamic dashpot model is proposed by combining the contact stiffnesses in different contact phases and corresponding damping factors, which not only removes the initial impact velocity from the denominator of damping force but also updates the contact stiffness based on the constitutive relation of the contact body when the contact comes into the elastoplastic or full plastic phase. Finally, a granular chain is treated as numerical examples to check the reasonability and effectiveness of the new dynamic dashpot model by comparing it to the experimental data. The simulation shows that the solitary waves obtained using the new dashpot model are more accurate than the dashpot model used in EDEM software.
Flexible electronics with dynamic interfaces for biomedical monitoring, stimulation, and characterization
Authors: Guo Xu , Avila Raudel , Huang Yonggang , Xie Zhaoqian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent developments in the fields of materials science and engineering technology (mechanical, electrical, biomedical) lay the foundation to design flexible bioelectronics with dynamic interfaces, widely used in biomedical/clinical monitoring, stimulation, and characterization. Examples of this technology include body motion and physiological signal monitoring through soft wearable devices, mechanical characterization of biological tissues, skin stimulation using dynamic actuators, and energy harvesting in biomedical implants. Typically, these bioelectronic systems feature thin form factors for enhanced flexibility and soft elastomeric encapsulations that provide skin‐compliant mechanics for seamless integration with biological tissues. This review examines the rapid and continuous progress of bioelectronics in the context of design strategies including materials, mechanics, and structure to achieve high performance dynamic interfaces in biomedicine. It concludes with a concise summary and insights into the ongoing opportunities and challenges facing developments of bioelectronics with dynamic interfaces for future applications.
Effects of muscle damage on31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy indices of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity in youngmdxmice
Authors: Lopez Christopher , Batra Abhinandan , Moslemi Zahra , Rennick Andrew , Guice Kimberly , Zeng Huadong , Walter Glenn A. , Forbes Sean C. 
Published: November 2021

31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) has been shown to detect altered energetic status (e.g. the ratio of inorganic phosphate to phosphocreatine: Pi/PCr), intracellular acid–base status, and free intracellular magnesium ([Mg2+]) in dystrophic muscle compared with unaffected muscle; however, the causes of these differences are not well understood. The purposes of this study were to examine31P‐MRS indices of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity in youngmdxmice compared with wild‐type and to evaluate the effects of downhill running to induce muscle damage on31P‐MRS indices in dystrophic muscle. In vivo31P‐MRS spectra were acquired from the posterior hindlimb muscles in young (4–10 weeks of age)mdx(C57BL/10ScSn‐DMDmdx) and wild‐type (C57BL/10ScSnJ) mice using an 11.1‐T MR system. The flux of phosphate from PCr to ATP was estimated by31P‐MRS saturation transfer experiments. Relative concentrations of high‐energy phosphates were measured, and intracellular pH and [Mg2+] were calculated.1H2O‐T2was measured using single‐voxel1H‐MRS from the gastrocnemius and soleus using a 4.7‐T MR system. Downhill treadmill running was performed in a subset of mice. Youngmdxmice were characterized by elevated1H2O‐T2(p < 0.01),Pi/PCr (p = 0.02), PCr to ATP flux (p = 0.04) and histological inflammatory markers (p < 0.05) and reduced (p < 0.01) [Mg2+] compared with wild‐type. Furthermore, 24 h after downhill running, an increase (p = 0.02) in Pi/PCr was observed inmdxand wild‐type mice compared with baseline, and a decrease (p < 0.001) in [Mg2+] and a lower (p = 0.048) intracellular [H+] in damaged muscle regions ofmdxmice were observed, consistent with impaired sarcolemma integrity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that31P‐MRS markers of energetic status and sarcolemma integrity are altered in youngmdxcompared with wild‐type mice, and these indices are exacerbated following downhill running.
“Ongoing harm under a prettier, brighter umbrella”: A critical analysis of reconciliation talk in Canadian settler philanthropy
Authors: Trimble Sabina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngagement with the concept of reconciliation, broadly understood as the process or goal of transforming relations among Canada's Indigenous and non‐Indigenous peoples, became commonplace in the philanthropic sector after the 2015 release of the final report of theTruth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada(TRC). Institutional responses to the TRC (e.g., by universities, businesses, healthcare institutions, governments, etc.) have been widely discussed in the academic literature—lauded by some as pivotal to the transformation of Indigenous/settler relations, and critiqued by many as no more than a shift in rhetoric covering over ongoing racialized colonial violence. Through a critical analysis of reconciliation talk as articulated through blog posts, press articles, conference recordings, webinars, and professional development resources produced by and for progressive settler philanthropy from 2012 to 2020, this essay analyses the hearty uptake of reconciliation in the sector. I bring these texts into dialog with the larger body of critiques of reconciliation, with the aim of interrogating settler philanthropy's place and roles in Canada's settler colonial order, past, and present. I focus on common terms and concepts that appear in conjunction with reconciliation talk such as diversity and inclusion; community‐engagement and relationship building; learning and listening. I also explore instances of obfuscation and renaming, such as a scarcity of explicit references to race and racism, colonialism and white supremacy and a tendency to relegate colonialism to the past in texts produced by non‐Indigenous authors. The themes I identify across these texts resemble those apparent in other institutional contexts. Reconciliation talk has potential to transform how settler philanthropy engages with Indigenous communities. Yet, many of the most urgent critiques raised in other fields apply to this context. Ultimately, I conclude, reconciliation talk may elevate and uphold—and indeed conceal—the white supremacist, colonial status quo in settler philanthropy and in Canada more broadly. Occlusions and renaming common to settler philanthropy's reconciliation talk contribute to what Vimalassery et al. describe as “colonial unknowing” and what Tuck and Yang call “settler moves to innocence.” In these ways, reconciliation serves a mystifying function for settler philanthropy, masking ongoing coloniality, absolving settler guilt, and avoiding more radical, transformative possibilities.
Lessons from a large nationwide cohort of 350 children with ovarian mature teratoma: A study in favor of ovarian‐sparing surgery
Authors: Delehaye Fanny , Sarnacki Sabine , Orbach Daniel , Cheikhelard Alaa , Rouger Jérémie , Parienti Jean‐Jacques , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Hameury Frédéric , Dijoud Frédérique , Aubry Estelle , Wacrenier Agnès , Habonimana Edouard , Duchesne Camille , Joseph Solène , Alliot Hortense , Scalabre Aurélien , Chaussy Yann , Podevin Guillaume , Croue Anne , Haraux Elodie , Guibal Marie Pierre , Pommepuy Isabelle , Ballouhey Quentin , Lavrand Frédéric , Peycelon Matthieu , Irtan Sabine , Guerin Florent , Dariel Anne , Borionne Claude , Galmiche Louise , Rod Julien 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOvarian mature teratoma (OMT) is a common ovarian tumor found in the pediatric population. In 10%–20% of cases, OMT occurs as multiple synchronous or metachronous lesions on ipsi‐ or contralateral ovaries. Ovarian‐sparing surgery (OSS) is recommended to preserve fertility, but total oophorectomy (TO) is still performed.DesignThis study reviews the clinical data of patients with OMT, and analyzes risk factors for second events. A national retrospective review of girls under 18 years of age with OMTs was performed. Data on clinical features, imaging, laboratory studies, surgical reports, second events and their management were retrieved.ResultsOverall, 350 children were included. Eighteen patients (5%) presented with a synchronous bilateral form at diagnosis. Surgery was performed by laparotomy (85%) and laparoscopy (15%). OSS and TO were performed in 59% and 41% of cases, respectively. Perioperative tumor rupture occurred in 23 cases, independently of the surgical approach. Twenty‐nine second events occurred (8.3%) in a median time of 30.5 months from diagnosis (ipsilateral: eight cases including one malignant tumor; contralateral: 18 cases; both ovaries: three cases). A large palpable mass, bilateral forms, at diagnosis and perioperative rupture had a statistical impact on the risk of second event, whereas the type of surgery or approach did not.ConclusionThis study is a plea in favor of OSS as the first‐choice treatment of OMT when possible. Close follow‐up during the first 5 years is mandatory considering the risk of 8.3% of second events, especially in cases with risk factors.
Deviation from delivery of radiation therapy to childhood cancer patients: A retrospective audit
Authors: Agrawal Rashi , Goel Vineeta , Anand Anil , Arora Ramandeep Singh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlanning and coordination of the delivery of radiation therapy (RT) can be challenging in resource‐limited settings. In this retrospective study, we describe the profile of children undergoing radiation and analyze deviation from some accepted norms.ProcedureData on all children (<18 years of age) with cancer who completed RT from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrieved. Diagnostic groups with more than five patients were included in the analysis for deviations in RT (time to start [TTS]; total dose delivered [TDD] in gray; and time to complete [TTC]). We investigated reasons for deviation.ResultsTwo hundred seven children received RT as front‐line treatment (68% Indian, 59% male). Most common diagnoses were brain tumors (44%), lymphomas (13%), leukemias, and soft tissue sarcomas (10% each). TTS deviation was seen in 23.6%, TTD in 6.0%, and TTC in 24.7%, while 43.4% had at least one deviation in any of these three parameters. Deviation in TTS varied significantly by location of preceding treatment and by cancer (greatest deviation in sarcomas), with issues around access to health care being the most common reason. Deviation in TTC varied significantly by cancer (greatest deviation in sarcomas and medulloblastoma), with myelotoxicity being the most common reason.ConclusionsOur study adds to the limited literature on RT quality for children with cancer in resource‐limited settings. Certain cancers (sarcomas and medulloblastomas) and patient groups (preceding treatment outside our institute) had the maximum deviation. Barriers to accessing care and myelotoxicity were the two main reasons for this deviation.
Family functioning and adaptation following pediatric brain tumor: A systematic review
Authors: Moscato Emily , Patronick Jamie , Wade Shari L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience psychosocial difficulties and poor quality of life (QOL). Family functioning may be adversely impacted by the stress of diagnosis and associated symptoms, which may, in turn, affect PBTS outcomes. The objective of this study was to complete a systematic review of family functioning and psychosocial outcomes in PBTS.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches of PubMed and PsychInfo. Full‐text articles (n = 324) were screened and 14 were included. A risk‐of‐bias assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of study conclusions.ResultsStudies examined associations of family functioning with adaptive, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes, and QOL. More adaptive family functioning (cohesiveness, effective communication, lower conflict) was associated with better PBTS outcomes. Studies were limited by heterogeneous/small samples and cross‐sectional designs.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary support for the relationship between family functioning and psychosocial outcomes. Common outcome measures and prospective research designs can further advance understanding.
Early parental knowledge of late effect risks in children with cancer
Authors: Carpenter Kendall , Scavotto Madison , McGovern Alana , Ma Clement , Kenney Lisa B. , Mack Jennifer W. , Greenzang Katie A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesDespite the pervasiveness of late effects in childhood cancer survivors, many parents feel inadequately informed about their child's risks. We assessed early parental knowledge of risks of late effects and predictors of increased knowledge.Design/methodsParents of children receiving cancer treatment at Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center were surveyed about their knowledge of their child's likelihood of eight late effects. Individual risk for each late effect (yes/no) was assessed using the Children's Oncology Group's Long‐Term Follow‐Up Guidelines v5 as a reference. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize knowledge scores; ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of higher knowledge.ResultsOf 96 parent participants, 11 (11.46%) correctly identified all of their child's risks for the eight late effects. Five of eight was the median number of correctly identified late effect risks. Among 21 parents whose children were at risk for ototoxicity, 95% correctly identified this risk. Conversely, parents of at‐risk children were less knowledgeable about risks of secondary malignancy (63% correct identification, ofN = 94 at risk), cardiac toxicity (61%;N = 71), neurocognitive impairment (56%;N = 63), and infertility (28%;N = 61). Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified no significant differences in parental knowledge of late effect risks by any factors evaluated.ConclusionsGaps in parental knowledge of potential late effects of childhood cancer treatment emerge early in a child's care, and parents are more knowledgeable about some late effects, such as ototoxicity, than others, such as infertility. As no child‐ or parent‐specific factors were associated with increased knowledge of late effect risks, interventions must be applied broadly.