bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in the new Russian varieties of common wheat
Authors: Gultyaeva E. I. , Shaydayuk E. L. 
Published: November 2021

Background.Wheat leaf rust caused byPuccinia triticinaErikss. is a significant wheat disease in all regions of the Russian Federation. The genetic diversity of the cultivated wheat varieties regarding the type of resistance and genes that control it ensures reliable protection of this crop against the pathogen. The aim of this work was to characterize the diversity of new Russian varieties of winter and spring common wheat for leaf rust resistance genes (Lr-genes).Materials and Methods.The research material was represented by 43 varieties of winter and 25 of spring wheat included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation in 2018-2020.Results.Using molecular markers, 18Lrgenes were identified:Lr1, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr28, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr41 (39), Lr47andLr66. A phytopathological test was used to clarify the results of molecular analysis. Ninety-three percent of the studied wheat varieties were found to containLrgenes, either separately or in combinations. These were the highly and partially effective genesLr24, Lr9, andLr19, adult plant resistance genesLr34andLr37, and ineffective genesLr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr20, andLr26. TheLr24gene has been identified for the first time in Russian varieties. The spring variety ‘Leader 80’, harboring this gene, is recommended for cultivation in the West Siberian and East Siberian regions. An effective combination ofLr9+Lr26genes, individually overcome by the pathogen, was determined in the spring cultivar ‘Silach’, highly resistant to leaf rust. TheLr9gene was found in the winter variety ‘Gerda’, which is recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. Previously, the varieties withLr9were not grown in the North Caucasus. An increase in the number of leaf rust resistant accessions protected by the effective adult plant resistance geneLr37is noted among wheat varieties undergoing regional adaptation testing. Many of the identifiedLrgenes (Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37) are linked with effectiveSrgenes (Sr25, Sr24, Sr31, Sr57, andSr38), which additionally ensures stable genetic protection of wheat against stem rust.Conclusions.The obtained information about representation ofLrgenes in wheat varieties should be used in regional breeding programs. A timely replacement of genetically protected varieties allows stabilizing the populational composition of the phytopathogen and reducing the likelihood of epiphytotics.
Farmers Social Movement Studies: A Systematic Literature Review for A Conceptual Model
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi 
Published: November 2021

This research aims to formulate a conceptual model of farmers' social movement based on previous studies, which failed to explain this concept. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a mixture of qualitative and quantitative approaches was used to conduct this research. Data were obtained from 289 articles sourced from the Scopus Database, with the VOSVIEWER and NVIVO 12 software used to determine the conceptual model. The analysis results showed that this study is associated with farmers’ issues, agricultural governance, agricultural systems, and the collaboration of stakeholders in managing agricultural production. These perspectives are used to explain the concepts, topics, and issues of the farmer's social movement, including the role of actors, dynamics of conflict, challenges, and struggles of the movement, processes, conservation, sustainable environment, cooperation, the collaboration of stakeholders, as well as production and marketing of agricultural products. This conceptual model contributes to the development of farmers' social movement studies oriented towards concept development and disclosing issues in the field. Paper ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan konseptual model studi gerakan sosial petani berdasarkan pada penelitian terdahulu. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan SLR digunakan untuk mereview 289 artikel yang bersumber dari Scopus Database.Review paper menggunakan software VOSVIEWER dan NVIVO 12 yang menghasilkan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu bagaimana model konseptual studi gerakan sosial petani.Hasil analisis dengan SLR mengungkapkan bahwa studi gerakan sosial petani berkaitan dengan isu-isu gerakan petani, tata kelola pertanian, sistem pertanian, dan kolaborasi stakeholders dalam mengelola produksi pertanian, yang dijelaskan melalui perspektif sosiologi, ilmu lingkungan, dan manajemen pertanian. Perspektif tersebut digunakan untuk menjelaskan konsep, topik, dan isu-isu gerakan sosial petani, meliputi peran aktor, dinamika konflik, tantangan dan perjuangan gerakan, proses gerakan, konservasi, lingkungan berkelanjutan, kerjasama, kolaborasi stakeholders, dan produksi serta pemasaran hasil pertanian. Model konseptual tersebut berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan studi gerakan sosial petani, baik berorientasi pada pengembangan konsep maupun pengungkapan isu-isu gerakan sosial petani yang berlangsung di lapangan.
Instrumented Indentation Test
Authors: Ullner C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Instrumented indentation hardness testing significantly expands on the capabilities of traditional hardness testing. It employs high-resolution instrumentation to continuously control and monitor the loads and displacements of an indenter as it is driven into and withdrawn from a material. The scope of application comprises displacements even smaller than 200 nm (nano range) and forces even up to 30 kN . Mechanical properties are derived from the indentation load-displacement data obtained in simple tests. The chapter presents the elements of contact mechanics that are important for the application of the instrumented indentation test. The test method according to the international standard (ISO 14577) is discussed, and this information is supplemented by information about the testing technique and some example applications. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the extensions of the standard that are expected in the future (estimation of the measurement uncertainty and procedures for the determination of true stress-strain curves).
Development Of Etnomathematics Based Flat Building Handouts for Students Class VII SMP
Authors: Yulia Putri , Febriza Endah , Erita Selvia 
Published: November 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa handout bangun datar berbasis etnomatematika untuk siswa kelas VII SMP.Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Penelitian dan Pengembangan (research and development), proses pengembangan handout dengan menggunakan model 4D yaitu define, design, develop, disseminate. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kevalidan pada handout bangun datar berbasis etnomatematika untuk siswa kelas VII SMP.Berdasarkan hasil validasi oleh ahli materi di peroleh skor rata-rata sebesar 80% kriteria Valid. Hasil validasi oleh ahli media di peroleh skor rata-rata sebesar 84,61% dengan kriteria Sangat Valid. Hasil validasi oleh ahli bahasa di peroleh skor rata-rata sebesar 80% dengan kriteria Valid. Hal ini dapat di simpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan mempunyai kriteria valid sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Investigation of potential antiviral natural products with an effect on HPV18 E6 protein by molecular docking method
Authors: Fazeli Mehdi , Sarvazad Hosna , Rahnejat Nasrin , Rostampour Rezvan , Rad Mahtab Ghanbari , Eskandari-Roozbahani Narges 
Published: November 2021

Background: Infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes cellular dysplasia, which leads to cervical cancers in women and penile or rectal cancers in men. Objective: This in silico study identified the plant compounds with potential therapeutic effects against HPV 18 oncogenic virus using the molecular docking method. Methods: The three-dimensional (3D) structure of HPV18 E6 protein, as the target protein, and the 3D structure of plant compounds with potential therapeutic effect against viruses, as ligands, was obtained from the protein databases (RCSB) and PubChem, respectively. Both structures of ligands and target protein were subjected to AutoDock tools-1.5.6, ver.4 separately. The structure with the most negative affinity was docked to reconsider its connection location. The results were analyzed more based on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: The docking of HPV18 E6 protein with 19 selected ligands resulted in four compounds, curcumin, silymarin, saikosaponin c, and lactupicrin, showing the best docking scores; they had better binding free energies with HPV E6 protein. Among four compounds against HPV18 E6, silymarin and curcumin were less dangerous than other compounds due to the lack of inhibition of the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene (hERG). Of these two compounds, silymarin had lower oral absorption, lactopicrin had less skin absorption, lactopicrin is the substrate of P-gp, and saikosaponin c crosses the blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Among potential antiviral plants against HPV18E6, four compounds were found to be effective. According to these findings, it is recommended that in vitro and in vivo examinations be conducted to determine the effectiveness of these compounds against HPV18 Keywords: Biological products, Antiviral agents, HPV18, Molecular docking, Computational biology, E6 protein
Minimising Radiation Dose in Computerised Tomography in the Investigation of Renal Stone Disease: A Teaching Hospital Audit
Authors: Refalo Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Background: CTKUB is a commonly performed scan as the gold standard investigation for renal stone disease. However, CT exposes a patient to ionising radiation. The radiation delivered to the patient increases in importance given the young demographic and often need for interval imaging. To minimise exposure, low dose scanning techniques are employed, and image field is reduced to only scan relevant anatomy. A common starting point for CT KUB is often the T10 vertebra however many scans are performed starting at higher levels exposing the patient to unnecessary radiation.
Methods: A list of 100 patients who underwent CTKUB for renal stone disease at a teaching hospital was created. Following exclusion of duplicates and application of exclusion criteria 51 scans were included. Each scan was individually analysed to assess vertebral level of upper limit of kidney and vertebral level at which the CTKUB scan was started. Percentage overshoot was calculated as number of axial slices cranial to the upper aspect of the kidneys.
Results: 22% of scans included in the study were started proximal to T10, these scans had a mean percentage overshoot of 19.6% exposing the patient to excess radiation. Of the CT KUB scans started at T10 or below mean percentage overshoot was improved to 8.6%. At the level of T10 all analysed scans would avoid undershooting.
Conclusions: Implementation of a CTKUB imaging protocol which starts at T10 will minimise ionising radiation exposure whilst allowing visualisation of the complete renal tract.
Keywords: CT KUB, Radiation safety, Minimise radiation
Eccrine Angiomatous Hamartoma: A Rare Presentation in Late Adulthood
Authors: Momin Zeany Cheran , Gupta Veena , Munjal Gauri , Jakhar Rahul , Yadav Chandershekhar , Singh Sunita 
Published: November 2021

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a tumor characterized by benign malformation of eccrine and vascular elements, occurring generally at birth or during early infancy and childhood. The rarity with which it is encountered in adults and the elderly makes it a diagnostic challenge in such age brackets. We report an interesting case of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma presenting in late adulthood confirmed by histopathology.
Keywords: Cisplatin, concurrent chemotherapy, daily, weekly, three weekly, carcinoma cervix
A közigazgatásban dolgozók továbbképzése, különös tekintettel a 2010 után megvalósult változásokra és az európai uniós operatív programokra
Authors: Kelő Johanna 
Published: November 2021

A magyarországi közszolgálat rövid idő alatt több változáshoz alkalmazkodott. A tisztviselői állomány folyamatosan változó szabályozási kerettel néz szembe. Ezeknek a kihívásoknak csak akkor lehet megfelelni, ha a személyzet magasan képzett és folyamatosan frissíti elméleti és gyakorlati tudását. A továbbképzés megfelelő rendszere ezért elengedhetetlen ahhoz, hogy a közszolgálatban dolgozók lépést tudjanak tartani a gyorsan változó környezettel. A tanulmány a magyar képzési rendszer meghatározó elemeire mutat rá.
Mejoras a programas educativos a partir de los procesos de evaluación
Authors: Sandoval Trujillo S.J. , Hernández Bonilla B.E. , Ramírez Cortés V. , Méndez Guevara L.C. 
Published: November 2021

El presente documento presenta la mejora a los programas educativos del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Teotihuacán a partir de las recomendaciones hechas por organismos acreditadores pertenecientes al Consejo para la Acreditación de la Educación Superior, A.C. (COPAES), a través del diseño y evaluación de una plataforma virtual para la formación integral del alumnado, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, a partir de un análisis educativo, tecnológico, cultural y social.
This document presents the improvement to the educational programs of the Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de Teotihuacán based on the recommendations made by accrediting bodies belonging to the Council for Accreditation of Higher Education, AC (COPAES), through the design and evaluation of a virtual platform for the integral formation of the students, from the perspective of the students, based on an educational, technological, cultural and social analysis.
Кримінологічні та правові аспекти булінгу (цькування) в освітньому процесі
Authors: Korostashova  I. M. 
Published: November 2021

У національному законодавстві термін «булінг» (цькування) з’явився лише наприкінці 2018 року, після введення адміністративної відповідальності за прояви насильства в освітньому процесі. Тому для національної юриспруденції булінг в Україні є явищем новим і малодослідженим.
Мета статті – дослідження кримінологічних та правових аспектів булінгу (цькування) в освітньому процесі (зокрема кваліфікуючих ознак і суб’єктного складу).
Наукова новизна полягає у проведенні аналізу кваліфікуючих ознак і суб’єктного складу булінгу в освітньому процесі, а також визначенні і складенні кримінологічної характеристики цього правопорушення.
Висновки. Булінг (цькування) є негативним соціально-правовим явищем, що проявляється у скоєнні насильства, внаслідок чого завдається шкода психічному (а в ряді випадків і фізичному здоров’ю потерпілого чи/та матеріальна шкода), за що в Україні передбачена адміністративна відповідальність. Кваліфікуючими ознаками булінгу є: коло учасників (обмежене учасниками освітнього процесу); його вчинення групою осіб або повторно протягом року після накладення адміністративного стягнення; вчинення малолітніми або неповнолітніми особами віком від чотирнадцяти до шістнадцяти років.
Дослідження кримінологічних аспектів булінгу в освітньому процесі дозволило визначити його основні характеристики: детермінанти; особу та типи кривдників (агресорів); типи жертв булінгу; типу зв’язку, що існує між кривдником (агресором) та жертвою булінгу; мотивації кривдника (агресора) та мотиваторів; наслідки булінгу для кривдника, жертви, спостерігачів цього правопорушення і суспільства в цілому.
Правові механізми реалізації конституційного статусу президента: досвід Угорщини
Authors: Tellis  S. О , Tkach  D. І. 
Published: November 2021

Метою статті є аналіз правових механізмів реалізації конституційного статусу Президента Угорщини, зокрема у сфері захисту демократичної діяльності державного апарату.
Наукова новизна. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз конституційних норм, що регулюють участь Президента Угорщини в законодавчому процесі.
Висновки. Виокремлено закони конституційного значення, що суттєво впливають на зміст президентських повноважень в контексті визначення впливу президента на формування нормативно-правової бази та визначають акторів на законодавчому полі. На підставі ретроспективного аналізу визначено, що Президент Угорщини виконує другорядну роль у законодавчому процесі, а у період з 1989 по 2010 роки – функцію захисту демократичної діяльності державного апарату та, більш того, захисту конституційних прав і свобод людини від звуження обсягу існуючих соціальних прав з боку законодавця, перебрав на себе Конституційний Суд Угорщини. З цього приводу досліджено спосіб впливу Конституційного Суду на законотворчість та окреслено панівну правову парадигму угорської системи стримувань і противаг та її теоретичний базис у період з 1989 по 2010 роки. Особливий акцент зроблено на способі демонтування «старої» Конституції 1989 року у рамках існуючої системи стримувань і противаг та встановлення нової системи конституційно-правових відносин з Основним Законом 2011 року. У рамках нової політичної кон’юнктури Президент Угорщини залишився поважним суб’єктом конституційно-правових відносин із досить обмеженою правоздатністю. Своєю чергою, дієздатність Конституційного Суду було обмежено правовою конструкцією. На нашу думку, в Угорщині склалася політико-правова система без реалізації концепції взаємних стримувань і противаг між вищими органами державної влади. За цих умов, ефективність демократичного контролю державних інституцій досить невизначена. Серйозність проблематики реалізації Президентом функції захисту демократичної діяльності державного апарату, особливо у контексті актуальних тенденцій розвитку української державно-правової системи, спонукало авторів висловити свої погляди відносно розв’язання зазначеного питання.
Current Status of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting by the Physicians in A Medical College Hospital
Authors: Ata Maliha , Hoque Rozina , Mostafa Asma , I Shakil Md Rakibul , Roy Biswas Rajat Sanker , Akhter Salma , B Mannan Shamsunnahar 
Published: November 2021

Background: In order to improve the spontaneous Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practice by the physicians, there is an obligatory need to investigate the current situation of ADR reporting by them. The study was conducted to observe the ADR reporting pattern among physicians in a tertiary medical college hospital.
Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary medical college hospital during the study period of March 2020 to October 2020. Data were collected from 100 physicians working on different departments using self designed pretested questionnaire by convenient sampling technique.
Results: Among the 100 respondents 70 provided response to questionnaire giving a response rate 70%. Most of the respondents (61.43%) had adequate knowledge on ADR reporting. A good number of respondents showed positive attitude but there is no practice of ADR reporting though most of the respondents (84.3%) had experienced it in last 1 year. Most of the respondents experienced ADR with antibiotic (81.35%), NSAIDs (33.89%) & anticonvulsants (15.25%) and maximum (44.06%) experienced ADR was with skin, 30.50% with GIT and 23.03% with respiratory system involvement. The cause of under reporting was mainly due to inaccessible ADR form, busy schedule, unaware of how and whom to report and lack of motivation to report. The respondents would be encouraged to report ADR if they were provided with simple & available reporting form, regular guideline & bulletin.
Conclusion: There is an urgent need for educational training & seminar regarding our national online reporting system to emphasizing ADR reporting.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.20 (2); July 2021; Page 8-13
Association of Apoptosis-Mediated CD4+ T Lymphopenia With Poor Outcome After Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: Luo Wei , Sun Jing-Jing , Tang Hao , Fu Di , Hu Zhan-Lan , Zhou Hai-Yang , Luo Wan-Jun , Xu Jun-Mei , Li Hui , Dai Ru-Ping 
Published: November 2021

Background: Many patients with type A aortic dissection (AAD) show low lymphocyte counts pre-operatively. The present study investigated the prognostic values of lymphopenia and lymphocyte subsets for the postoperative major adverse events (MAEs) in AAD patients undergoing surgery, and explore mechanisms of lymphopenia.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pre-operative lymphocyte counts in 295 AAD patients treated at two hospitals, and evaluated their correlation with MAEs. We prospectively recruited 40 AAD patients and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy donors (HDs), and evaluated lymphocyte subsets, apoptosis, and pyroptosis by flow cytometry.Results: Multivariable regression analysis of the retrospective cohort revealed pre-operative lymphopenia as a strong predictor of MAEs (odds ratio, 4.152; 95% CI, 2.434–7.081; p &lt; 0.001). In the prospective cohort, lymphocyte depletion in the AAD group was mainly due to loss of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared with HDs (CD4+ T cells: 346.7 ± 183.6 vs. 659.0 ± 214.6 cells/μl, p &lt; 0.0001; CD8+ T cells: 219.5 ± 178.4 vs. 354.4 ± 121.8 cells/μl, p = 0.0036). The apoptosis rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in AAD patients relative to HDs (both p &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, the pre-operative CD4+ T cells count at a cut-off value of 357.96 cells/μl was an effective and reliable predictor of MAEs (area under ROC curve = 0.817; 95% CI, 0.684-0.950; sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 81%; p &lt; 0.005). Pre-operative lymphopenia, mainly due to CD4+ T cells exhaustion by apoptosis, correlates with poor prognosis in AAD patients undergoing surgery.Conclusion: Pre-operative lymphopenia in particular CD4+ T lymphopenia via apoptosis correlates with poor prognosis in AAD patients undergoing surgery.
Case Report: A Tale of a Cardiac Mass: Looks Like a Papillary Fibroelastoma, Acts Like a Non-bacterial Thromboendocarditis
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Arghami Arman , El-Am Edward A. , Foley Thomas A. , Kurmann Reto D. , Klarich Kyle W. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Benign cardiac tumors and tumor like conditions are a heterogeneous collection of mass lesions that vary widely in their characteristics, such as presentation, size, and location. In some instances, these tumors are found incidentally, and therefore a broad differential diagnosis should be considered.Case: An elderly male with significant unintentional weight loss and a high risk for cancer presented with an incidental valvular cardiac mass. The mass was thought to be a non-bacterial thromboendocarditis on initial clinical evaluation. After multiple imaging modalities, the mass was suspected to be a papillary fibroelastoma (PFE), which was resected due to high stroke risk and multiple previous chronic infarcts on brain MRI.Conclusion: This case highlights the need for a comprehensive cardiac evaluation of a valvular tumor to discern the etiology and rule out other underlying pathophysiological processes that may require alternative interventions to cardiac surgery.