bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeding oxidized chicken byproduct meal impacts digestibility more than performance and oxidative status in nursery pigs
Authors: Frame Carl A , Huff-Lonergan Elisabeth , Kerr Brian J , Serao Mariana Rossoni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rendered products from the meat industry provide quality proteins in diets for companion animals. These proteins are exposed to extreme temperatures during processing leading to the potential for decreased diet digestibility and subsequent growth performance. While this would impact production efficiency in livestock species, oxidized ingredients in companion animal diets may impact health and longevity. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which a feedstuff containing oxidized protein and lipid affect diet digestibility, growth performance, and oxidative stress in nursery pigs. A total of 56 male pigs (21 d of age, initial body weight 5.51 ± 0.65 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of heat and two levels of antioxidant (AOX). Diets were fed for 35 d and growth performance was measured, while total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance was determined during the trial on day 18–20. Blood plasma was collected on day 34 and jejunum, colon, and liver tissues were collected on day 35 to analyze for markers of oxidative stress. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was reduced in pigs fed diets without AOXs (P = 0.02). Additionally, pigs consuming diets containing heated chicken byproduct (CBP) meal had decreased gain:feed (GF; P = 0.02). There was an interaction between heat and AOX (P = 0.02) where heating CBP reduced N digestibility in the presence of an AOX but did not have an impact when AOX was not present. The removal of AOX resulted in reduced GE digestibility (P &lt; 0.01). Dry matter (P &lt; 0.01), ash (P &lt; 0.01), and protein (P &lt; 0.01) digestibility were reduced (P &lt; 0.01) as a result of heating. Furthermore, heating (P =0.01) as well as absence of AOX (P =0.01) resulted in reduced digestible energy. No difference was detected in N retention suggesting that oxidation reduces digestibility but has no impact on N utilization. This is supported by the fact that systemic oxidative stress was not consistently affected by heating or AOX inclusion. These results suggest that feeding pigs CBP containing oxidized proteins and lipids did not induce oxidative stress. However, feeding young pigs CBP containing oxidized proteins and lipids did result in reduced energy and nutrient digestibility as well as negatively affected feed efficiency. Because CBP is commonly used in companion animal diets, it is reasonable to revisit their impacts on those species.
How do People Choose Between Biased Information Sources? Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Charness Gary , Oprea Ryan , Yuksel Sevgi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeople in our experiment choose between two information sources with opposing biases in order to inform their guesses about a binary state. By varying the nature of the bias, we vary whether it is optimal to consult information sources biased towards or against prior beliefs. Even in our deliberately-abstract setting, there is strong evidence of confirmation-seeking and to a lesser extent contradiction-seeking heuristics leading people to choose information sources biased towards or against their priors. Analysis of post-experiment survey questions suggests that subjects follow these rules due to fundamental errors in reasoning about the relative informativeness of biased information sources.
Dynamic spatial overlap in a solitary subterranean rodent: the Anillaco tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sp.)
Authors: Amaya Juan P , Cuello Pablo A , Valentinuzzi Veronica S , Lacey Eileen A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Despite striking diversity in mammalian social behavior, studies of social organization have often dichotomized species by identifying them as either solitary or social (i.e., group living). This tendency has been particularly pronounced for subterranean rodents, the majority of which have long been assumed to be solitary. As a result, variation in social organization has likely been underestimated for these animals, particularly for species in which patterns of space use suggest limited or temporally dynamic opportunities for interactions among conspecifics. Here, we characterize patterns of space use in a population of tuco-tucos (Ctenomys sp.) from Anillaco, La Rioja Province, Argentina. Although these animals have been the subject of extensive research regarding circadian patterns of activity, spatial and social relationships among free-living individuals have not been documented. Analyses of radiotelemetry data from 17 individuals monitored during the breeding season (December 2015) revealed that partial overlap of individual home ranges was common, occurring between male–female as well as female–female pairs of animals. Spatial relationships, however, were dynamic, with both home range sizes and overlap changing on a daily basis. Although members of the study population did not meet the criteria typically used to identify group living in subterranean species, they were not completely solitary. Instead, the animals displayed an intermediate form of social organization characterized by persistent partial overlap of the areas occupied by different adults. These data add to the growing comparative picture of social variation in Ctenomys and suggest that further studies of these animals should contribute to improved understanding of the factors underlying differences in mammalian social systems.
New Records of Anopheles benarrochi B (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Hotspots in the Amazon Regions of Ecuador and Peru
Authors: Morales Viteri Diego , Herrera-Varela Manuela , Albuja Maribel , Quiroga Cristina , Diaz Gloria , del Aguila Morante Clara , Ramirez Dario , Vinetz Joseph M , Bickersmith Sara A , Conn Jan E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The increase in malaria transmission in the Amazon region motivated vector control units of the Ministry of Health of Ecuador and Peru to investigate Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) species present in transmission hotspots. Mosquitoes were collected using prokopack aspirators and CDC light traps (Ecuador) and human landing catch in Peru. In Ecuador, 84 Anopheles were captured from Pastaza, Morona Santiago, and Orellana provinces and identified morphologically [An. (An.) apicimacula Dyar and Knab, An. (Nys.) near benarrochi, An. (Nys.) near oswaldoi, An. (Nys.) near strodei, An. (An.) nimbus (Theobald, 1902), and An. (Nyssorhynchus) sp.]. In Peru, 1,150 Anopheles were collected in Andoas District. A subsample of 166 specimens was stored under silica and identified as An. near oswaldoi, An. darlingi, and An. (An.) mattogrossensis Lutz and Neiva. COI barcode region sequences were obtained for 137 adults (107 from Peru, 30 from Ecuador) identified by ITS2 PCR-RFLP as An. benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova Garcia, and Lopez and retained in the final analysis. Haplotypes from the present study plus An. benarrochi B GenBank sequences grouped separately from Brazilian An. benarrochi GenBank sequences by 44 mutation steps, indicating that the present study specimens were An. benarrochi B. Our findings confirm the presence of An. benarrochi B in Ecuador and reported here for the first time from the Amazonian provinces of Orellana and Morona Santiago. Furthermore, we confirm that the species collected in Andoas District in the Datem del Maranon Province, Peru, is An. benarrochi B, and we observed that it is highly anthropophilic. Overall, the known distribution of An. benarrochi B has been extended and includes southern Colombia, much of Peru and eastern Ecuador.
The Common Market Makes Us Richer and Brings Us Closer Together: An Impact Assessment of the Common Market Project at Nyarugusu Refugee Camp
Authors: Kim Youngwan , Jeong Heeyul , Sung Sangmi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the number of refugees in protracted stateless situations has steadily risen. These vulnerable individuals face serious economic and political issues in their host communities. We assessed the common market project in Tanzania’s Nyarugusu refugee camp, examining its impact on refugees’ self-reliance and its role in determining peaceful coexistence between refugees and host communities. Through field research and empirical analysis of original survey data gathered from 473 refugee households and 505 host community households, we demonstrate that use of the common market has increased the incomes of both refugees and host communities. Furthermore, interactions within the common market have improved the relationship between refugees and host communities, bringing deeper trust between them. This study supports the market-based approach targeting refugees and host communities near refugee camps as an alternative to the conventional humanitarian aid methods. This approach could effectively ameliorate prolonged refugee crises around the world, where people suffer from decreasing resources and increasing anti-refugee sentiments.
Hypercalcemia an exceptional complication in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Jandou Issam , Wichou Elmehdi , Ettanji Adnane , Moataz Amine , Mohammed Dakir , Debbagh Adil , Aboutaieb Rachid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tumors of the upper urinary tract are discovered, either by clinical symptomatology or as part of the evaluation of a bladder tumor. Hypercalcemia is one of the most common paraneoplastic syndromes and an exceptional complication of urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract. Several physiopathological mechanisms have been proposed to explain this rare and serious complication. Hypercalcemia is often correlated with tumors with a poor prognosis.
Text mining Mill: Computationally detecting influence in the writings of John Stuart Mill from library records
Authors: O’Neill Helen , Welsh Anne , Smith David A. , Roe Glenn , Terras Melissa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHow can computational methods illuminate the relationship between a leading intellectual, and their lifetime library membership? We report here on an international collaboration that explored the interrelation between the reading record and the publications of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, focusing on his relationship with the London Library, an independent lending library of which Mill was a member for 32 years. Building on detailed archival research of the London Library’s lending and book donation records, a digital library of texts borrowed, and publications produced was assembled, which enabled natural language processing approaches to detect textual reuse and similarity, establishing the relationship between Mill and the Library. Text mining the books Mill borrowed and donated against his published outputs demonstrates that the collections of the London Library influenced his thought, transferred into his published oeuvre, and featured in his role as political commentator and public moralist. We reconceive archival library issue registers as data for triangulating against the growing body of digitized historical texts and the output of leading intellectual figures. We acknowledge, however, that this approach is dependent on the resources and permissions to transcribe extant library registers, and on access to previously digitized sources. Related copyright and privacy restrictions mean our approach is most likely to succeed for other leading eighteenth- and nineteenth-century figures.
Female Veteran Use of Palliative and Hospice Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Varilek Brandon M , Isaacson Mary J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The number of female veterans in the USA in the age range of 55-64 years increased 7-fold from 2000 to 2015. Female veterans are more likely to suffer from certain mental health disorders, respiratory diseases, neurologic diseases, and some forms of cancer when compared to their male counterparts. Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare providers need to be prepared to care for this growth of female veterans with serious illness. These serious illnesses require appropriate medical management, which often includes palliative care. It is imperative to determine how VA healthcare providers integrate palliative and hospice care for this population. The purpose of our scoping review was to explore the palliative and hospice care literature specific to female veterans to learn: (1) what evidence is available regarding female veterans’ use of palliative and hospice care? (2) To meet the needs of this growing population, what gaps exist specific to female veterans’ use of palliative and hospice care?

Methods
A scoping review methodology was employed following the nine-step process described by the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews.

Results
Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen quantitative articles were included which comprised 10 retrospective chart reviews, one randomized controlled trial, one correlation, one quality improvement, and one cross-sectional. The remaining five were qualitative studies. The sample populations within the articles were overwhelmingly male and white. Content analysis of the articles revealed three themes: quality of end of life care, distress, and palliative care consult.

Conclusions
The female veteran population is increasing and becoming more ethnically diverse. Female veterans are not well represented in the literature. Our review also uncovered a significant gap in the study methodologies. We found that retrospective chart reviews dominated the palliative and hospice care literature specific to veterans. More prospective study designs are needed that explore the veteran and family experience while receiving end of life care. With the rising number of older female veterans and their risk for serious illness, it is imperative that research studies purposefully recruit, retain, analyze, and report female veteran statistics along with their male counterparts. We can no longer afford to disregard the value of the female veterans’ perspective.
Bright Light Treatment of Combat-related PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Youngstedt Shawn D , Kline Christopher E , Reynolds Alexandria M , Crowley Shannon K , Burch James B , Khan Nidha , Han SeungYong 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent consequence of combat with significant associated morbidity. Available treatments for PTSD have had limitations, suggesting a need to explore alternative or adjuvant treatments. Numerous rationales for bright light treatment of PTSD include its benefits for common PTSD comorbidities of depression, anxiety, and circadian misalignment and its relative ease of use with few side effects. The primary aims of this research were to examine the effects of bright light treatment for combat-related PTSD and associated morbidity.

Materials and Methods
A randomized controlled trial was performed in N = 69 veterans with PTSD attributable to combat in Afghanistan and/or Iraq. Following a 1-week baseline, participants were randomized to 4 weeks of daily morning bright light treatment (10,000 lux for 30 min/day) or a control treatment (inactivated negative ion generator). At baseline and at the end of treatment, participants were rated blindly on the Clinician Assessed PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), and the Hamilton Depression Scale and rated themselves on the PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M). Following baseline and each treatment week, participants completed self-reported scales of state anxiety, depression, and sleep, and sleep and the circadian rhythm of wrist activity were also assessed with wrist actigraphy.

Results
Compared with the control treatment, bright light elicited significantly greater improvements in the CAPS and CGI-Improvement. The bright light also elicited a significantly greater rate of treatment response (reduction ≥33%) for the CAPS (44.1% vs. 8.6%) and PCL-M (33% vs. 6%), but no participant had remission from PTSD. Changes in depression, anxiety, and sleep did not differ between treatments. Improvement in CAPS was significantly correlated with a phase advance of the circadian rhythm of wrist activity.

Conclusions
The most comprehensive study on the topic to date indicated significant short-term efficacy of bright light treatment on the primary variables (CAPS and CGI) with clinical relevance (i.e., treatment response) in veterans with chronic PTSD who did not report extremely high habitual light exposure. No significant effects were found for anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted, particularly exploration of circadian phase-shifting mechanisms of bright light for PTSD.
The galaxy–halo connection of emission-line galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Hadzhiyska Boryana , Tacchella Sandro , Bose Sownak , Eisenstein Daniel J 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We employ the hydrodynamical simulation IllustrisTNG-300-1 to explore the halo occupation distribution (HOD) and environmental dependence of luminous star-forming emission-line galaxies (ELGs) at z ∼ 1. Such galaxies are key targets for current and upcoming cosmological surveys. We select model galaxies through cuts in colour–colour space allowing for a direct comparison with the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) surveys and then compare them with galaxies selected based on specific star formation rate (sSFR) and stellar mass. We demonstrate that the ELG populations are twice more likely to reside in lower density regions (sheets) compared with the mass-selected populations and twice less likely to occupy the densest regions of the cosmic web (knots). We also show that the colour-selected and sSFR-selected ELGs exhibit very similar occupation and clustering statistics, finding that the agreement is best for lower redshifts. In contrast with the mass-selected sample, the occupation of haloes by a central ELG peaks at ∼20 per cent. We furthermore explore the dependence of the HOD and the autocorrelation on environment, noticing that at fixed halo mass, galaxies in high-density regions cluster about 10 times more strongly than low-density ones. This result suggests that we should model carefully the galaxy–halo relation and implement assembly bias effects into our models (estimated at ∼4 per cent of the clustering of the DESI colour-selected sample at z = 0.8). Finally, we apply a simple mock recipe to recover the clustering on large scales (r ≳ 1 Mpc h−1) to within 1 per cent by augmenting the HOD model with an environment dependence, demonstrating the power of adopting flexible population models.
Tracing the evolution of ultraluminous infrared galaxies into radio galaxies with low frequency radio observations
Authors: Nandi S , Das M , Dwarakanath K S 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present radio observations of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and combine them with archival multifrequency observations to understand whether ULIRGs are the progenitors of the powerful radio loud galaxies in the local Universe. ULIRGs are characterized by large infrared luminosities (LIR &gt; 1012 L⊙), large dust masses (∼108 M⊙), and vigorous star formation (star formation rates ∼10–100 M⊙ yr−1). Studies show that they represent the end stages of mergers of gas-rich spiral galaxies. Their luminosity can be due to both starburst activity and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We study a sample of 13 ULIRGs that have optically identified AGN characteristics with 1.28 GHz GMRT observations. Our aim is to resolve any core-jet structures or nuclear extensions and hence examine whether the ULIRGs are evolving into radio loud ellipticals. Our deep, low frequency observations show marginal extension for only one source. However, the integrated radio spectra of 9 ULIRGs show characteristics that are similar to that of GPS/CSS/CSO/young radio sources. The estimated spectral ages are 0.4–20 Myr and indicate that they are young radio sources and possible progenitors of radio galaxies. Hence, we conclude that although most ULIRGs do not show kpc scale extended radio emission associated with nuclear activity, their radio spectral energy distributions do show signatures of young radio galaxies.
STARFORGE: the effects of protostellar outflows on the IMF
Authors: Guszejnov Dávid , Grudić Michael Y , Hopkins Philip F , Offner Stella S R , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
The initial mass function (IMF) of stars is a key quantity affecting almost every field of astrophysics, yet it remains unclear what physical mechanisms determine it. We present the first runs of the STAR FORmation in Gaseous Environments project, using a new numerical framework to follow the formation of individual stars in giant molecular clouds (GMCs) using the gizmo code. Our suite includes runs with increasingly complex physics, starting with isothermal ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and then adding non-isothermal thermodynamics and protostellar outflows. We show that without protostellar outflows the resulting stellar masses are an order of magnitude too high, similar to the result in the base isothermal MHD run. Outflows disrupt the accretion flow around the protostar, allowing gas to fragment and additional stars to form, thereby lowering the mean stellar mass to a value similar to that observed. The effect of jets upon global cloud evolution is most pronounced for lower mass GMCs and dense clumps, so while jets can disrupt low-mass clouds, they are unable to regulate star formation in massive GMCs, as they would turn an order unity fraction of the mass into stars before unbinding the cloud. Jets are also unable to stop the runaway accretion of massive stars, which could ultimately lead to the formation of stars with masses ${\gt}500\, \mathrm{M}_{\rm \odot }$. Although we find that the mass scale set by jets is insensitive to most cloud parameters (i.e. surface density, virial parameter), it is strongly dependent on the momentum loading of the jets (which is poorly constrained by observations) as well as the temperature of the parent cloud, which predicts slightly larger IMF variations than observed. We conclude that protostellar jets play a vital role in setting the mass scale of stars, but additional physics are necessary to reproduce the observed IMF.