bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma: Are we achieving textbook oncologic outcomes for our patients?
Authors: Spolverato Gaya , Paro Alessandro , Capelli Giulia , Dalmacy Djhenne , Poultsides George A. , Fields Ryan C. , Weber Sharon M. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos I. , He Jin , Maithel Shishir K. , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesComposite measures are increasingly used to assess quality of care in surgical oncology. We sought to define the incidence of “textbook oncologic outcome” (TOO) following resection of gastric adenocarcinoma among a large, international cohort of patients.MethodsGastric adenocarcinoma patients undergoing resection between 2000 and 2020 were identified from an international database. TOO was defined as margin‐negative resection, examination of ≥16 lymph nodes, no prolonged length‐of‐stay (LOS), no 30‐day mortality, and stage‐appropriate receipt of chemotherapy.ResultsAmong a total of 910 patients, 321 patients (35.3%) achieved a postoperative TOO. While failure to evaluate ≥16 lymph nodes (n = 591, 65.0%) and receipt of chemotherapy (n = 651, 71.5%) had the greatest negative impact on the ability to obtain a TOO, no 30‐day mortality (n = 880, 96.7%), margin‐negative resection (n = 831, 91.3%), and no extended LOS (n = 706, 77.6%) were more commonly achieved. No postoperative complications (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31−0.63) and T1a/T1b‐stage disease (OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.59−5.18) were independently associated with achieving a TOO (p < 0.05). The odds of achieving a TOO improved over time (p‐trend < 0.05), which was largely attributable to improved odds of evaluating ≥16 lymph nodes (2010−2014 vs. 2000−2004: OR, 5.21; 95% CI: 3.22−8.45).ConclusionsOnly about one in three patients achieved a TOO following resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. Odds of TOO increased over time, largely due to improved lymph node evaluation.
High concordance of 70‐gene recurrence risk signature and 80‐gene molecular subtyping signature between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens in early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Crozier Jennifer A. , Barone Julie , Whitworth Pat , Cheong Abraham , Maganini Robert , Tamayo Jose Perez , Dauer Patricia , Wang Shiyu , Audeh William , Glas Annuska M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWith increased neoadjuvant therapy recommendations for early‐stage breast cancer patients due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is imperative that molecular diagnostic assays provide reliable results from preoperative core needle biopsies (CNB). The study objective was to determine the concordance of MammaPrint and BluePrint results between matched CNB and surgical resection (SR) specimens.MethodsMatched tumor specimens (n = 121) were prospectively collected from women enrolled in the FLEX trial (NCT03053193). Concordance is reported using overall percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Correlation is reported using Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsWe found good concordance for MammaPrint results between matched tumor samples (90.9%, κ = 0.817), and a very strong correlation of MammaPrint indices (r = 0.94). The concordance of BluePrint subtyping in matched samples was also excellent (98.3%).ConclusionsCNB samples demonstrated high concordance with paired SR samples for MammaPrint risk classification and BluePrint molecular subtyping, suggesting that physicians are provided with accurate prognostic information that can be used to guide therapy decisions.
Interobserver Agreement and Correlation of an Automated Algorithm for B‐Line Identification and Quantification With Expert Sonologist Review in a Handheld Ultrasound Device
Authors: Moore Christopher L. , Wang Jing , Battisti Anthony J. , Chen Alvin , Fincke Jonathan , Wang Anita , Wagner Michael , Raju Balasundar , Baloescu Cristiana 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesB‐lines are ultrasound artifacts that can be used to detect a variety of pathologic lung conditions. Computer‐aided methods to detect and quantify B‐lines may standardize quantification and improve diagnosis by novice users. We sought to test the performance of an automated algorithm for the detection and quantification of B‐lines in a handheld ultrasound device (HHUD).MethodsUltrasound images were prospectively collected on adult emergency department patients with dyspnea. Images from the first 124 patients were used for algorithm development. Clips from 80 unique subjects for testing were randomly selected in a predefined proportion of B‐lines (0 B‐lines, 1–2 B‐lines, 3 or more B‐lines) and blindly reviewed by five experts using both a manual and reviewer‐adjusted process. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa were used to measure agreement, while an a priori threshold of an ICC (3,k) of 0.75 and precision of 0.3 were used to define adequate performance.ResultsICC between the algorithm and manual count was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.90), with a precision of 0.15. ICC between the reviewer‐adjusted count and the algorithm count was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.96), and the ICC between the manual and reviewer‐adjusted counts was 0.94 (95% CI 0.90–0.96). Weighted kappa was 0.72 (95% CI 0.49–0.95), 0.88 (95% CI 0.74–1), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.89–0.96), respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a high correlation between point‐of‐care ultrasound experts and an automated algorithm to identify and quantify B‐lines using an HHUD. Future research may incorporate this HHUD in clinical studies in multiple settings and users of varying experience levels.
Assessment of land use systems for CO2 sequestration, carbon credit potential, and income security in Vindhyan region, India
Authors: Roy Oindrila , Meena Ram Swaroop , Kumar Sandeep , Jhariya Manoj Kumar , Pradhan Gourisankar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLand‐use systems (LUSs) in the agriculture urgently need to be revised to reduce greenhouse gases emissions (GHGs), and promote long‐term sustainability. This study aimed to estimate the highest amount of CO2 sequestration, carbon (C) stocks, and credit potential to mitigate climate change, and importantly identify a more sustainable LUS for income security, which can be easily adopted by farmers. The experiment was executed with the current year six LUSs: (1) legumes cereal wheat (Triticum aestivum) ‐based LUS (LCBLUS); (2) vegetable (cabbage ‐Brassica oleracea varcapitata) ‐based LUS (VBLUS) (farmer field); (3) guava (Psidium guajava) + linseed (Linum usitatissimum) ‐based LUS (GLBLUS); (4) custard apple (Annona reticulata) + barley (Hordeum vulgare) ‐based LUS (CABBLUS); (5) bael (Aegle marmelos) + mustard (Brassica juncea) ‐based LUS (BMBLUS), and (6) teak (Tectona grandis) ‐based forest LUS (TBFLUS) with four‐times replicated in a randomized block design (RBD). The soil samples were collected at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths from the study area at the start, and end of the experiment. Results revealed that the mean value of a bulk density (ρb) and particle density (ρd) was ranged from 1.38–1.54 Mg m−3 and 2.40–2.65  Mg m−3, respectively. The mean value of pH and EC was ranged from 4.49–5.84 and 0.07–0.21 dsm‐1, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was ranged from 0.48%–0.76% and the total NPK stock range was from 51.69–58.97 Mgha‐1. The biomass accumulation, C stock, sequestration potential, and credit for six LUSs were ranged from 9.39–75.82, 4.69–37.91, 17.23–139.93  Mgha‐1, and 689–5565 US$ha‐1, respectively. The highest biomass accumulation, C stock, sequestration, and credit potential were observed under TBFLUS and the lowest under LCBLUS. The highest estimated market price was 5583.14 US$ha‐1 from BMBLUS, followed by CABBLUS (5284.42 US$ha‐1), GLBLUS (5121.70 US$ha‐1), and VBLUS (4198.40 US$ha‐1). While the minimum price market price was 969.83 US$ha‐1 recorded from LCBLUS. According to the results of this experiment, the TBFLUS had the highest soil enrichment, maximum C storage, and CO2 sequestration capacity among all the LUSs.
Peptide Modified Albumin–Paclitaxel Nanoparticles for Improving Chemotherapy and Preventing Metastasis
Authors: Fu Ying , Yang Shuyan , Liu Yuning , Liu Jian , Wang Qizhi , Li Fengyan , Shang Xiuzhuan , Teng Yuou , Guo Na , Yu Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetastasis and recurrence are the main causes of death in cancer patients; however, there are few medicines that can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis at the same time. In this work, a novel nano‐drug delivery system (NDDS) based on targeting ligand modified albumin is reported. The hydrophobic drug (paclitaxel) induces albumin self‐assembly after treatment of albumin with l‐cysteine, forming drug‐loaded nanoparticles with a size of 100–200 nm. Importantly, the albumin nanoparticles display enhanced antitumor efficacy against tumor growth/lung metastasis in 4T1 bearing nude mice and prevention of lung metastasis in a B16‐F10 model. This study provides a facile method for hydrophobic chemo‐drugs loaded albumin nanoparticles preparation and a promising chemotherapy with effective tumor growth inhibition and metastasis prevention.
Photo‐Crosslinking and Reductive Decrosslinking of Polymethacrylate‐Based Copolymers Containing 1,2‐Dithiolane Rings
Authors: Maes Stephan , Scholiers Vincent , Du Prez Filip E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study first describes a straightforward approach for the preparation of polymethacrylate‐based networks containing variable amounts of lipoates. For this purpose, butyl methacrylate and a 1,2‐dithiolane derivative of hydroxymethylmethacrylate are copolymerized in different ratios by free‐radical polymerization with the formation of linear network precursors. After optimizing the copolymerization conditions, the ultraviolet (UV)‐induced crosslinking behavior is studied. The latter is possible because of the presence of 1,2‐dithiolane moieties, which can be photolytically cleaved and recombined upon UV‐irradiation. The obtained networks are analyzed in terms of swelling degree, gel fraction, and rheological behavior. Then, network decrosslinking is achieved by immersing the networks in a reducing environment. Finally, successful preliminary coating experiments are conducted, demonstrating the potential applicability of the studied materials.
Stretchable and Thermally Responsive Semi‐Interpenetrating Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Wearable Strain Sensors and Thermal Switch
Authors: Yan Jiao , Xia Yuanmeng , Lai Jingjuan , Zhao Chunxia , Xiang Dong , Li Hui , Wu Yuanpeng , Li Zhenyu , Zhou Hongwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWearable electronics based on stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are promising in various applications such as soft robots, artificial skin, and health monitoring. Herein, a novel wearable and strain/thermal dual sensor is developed utilizing a nanocomposite hydrogel, which is prepared by incorporating allyl mercaptan (ALM) functionalized Au nanoparticles (Au@ALM) into poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (P(NIPAM‐co‐HEMA)/PNIPAM) semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel network. PNIPAM acts as the thermally responsive component. Semi‐interpenetrating network and Au nanoparticles are introduced to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. Au nanoparticles also work as the electrically conductive component. Strain sensor and thermoreceptor are realized by using the mechanical stretchability and strain‐ or temperature‐dependent conductivity. The strain sensor exhibited excellent stability and repeatability in the strain range of 0–150%. Remarkably, the thermal sensor made of this hydrogel can monitor the ambient temperature from 0 to 70 °C. Therefore, an intelligent thermal switch is designed that can effectively protect electronic components by disconnecting high‐temperature circuits. The nanocomposite hydrogel holds great potential in smart devices and flexible sensors.
Pharmacologic inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR) in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Karukonda Pooja , Odhiambo Diana , Mowery Yvonne M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) poses significant treatment challenges, with high recurrence rates for locally advanced disease despite aggressive therapy typically involving a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. HNSCCs commonly exhibit reduced or absent TP53 function due to genomic alterations or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, leading to dependence on the S‐ and G2/M checkpoints for cell cycle regulation. Both of these checkpoints are activated by Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3‐related (ATR), which tends to be overexpressed in HNSCC relative to adjacent normal tissues and represents a potentially promising therapeutic target, particularly in combination with other treatments. ATR is a DNA damage signaling kinase that is activated in response to replication stress and single‐stranded DNA breaks, such as those induced by radiation therapy and certain chemotherapies. ATR kinase inhibitors are currently being investigated in several clinical trials as part of the management of locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic HNSCC, along with other malignancies. In this review article, we summarize the rationale and preclinical data supporting incorporation of ATR inhibition into therapeutic regimens for HNSCC.
Conditional deletion of mTOR discloses its essential role in early B‐cell development
Authors: Zhang Shuling , Dubois Wendy , Feng Xingmin , Nguyen Joe T. , Young Neal S. , Mock Beverly A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine‐threonine kinase and central regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and survival. mTOR is commonly hyperactivated in a diverse number of cancers and critical roles for mTOR in regulating immune cell differentiation and function have been demonstrated. However, there is little work investigating the roles of mTOR in early B‐cell development. Here we demonstrate that conditional disruption of mTOR in developing mouse B cells results in reduced pre‐B‐cell proliferation and survival, as well as a developmental block at the pre‐B‐cell stage, with a corresponding lack of peripheral B cells. Upon immunization with NP‐CGG antigen, mice with Mtor conditional disruption in early B cells lost their ability to form germinal centers and produce specific antibodies. In competitive BM repopulation assays, donor BM cells from conditional knock‐out mice were completely impaired in their ability to reconstitute B cells. Our data reveal the essential role of mTOR in early pre‐B‐cell development and survival.
Disruption of Brainstem Structural Connectivity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Using 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: García‐Gomar María G. , Videnovic Aleksandar , Singh Kavita , Stauder Matthew , Lewis Laura D. , Wald Lawrence L. , Rosen Bruce R. , Bianciardi Marta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIsolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is one of the earliest manifestations of α synucleinopathies. Brainstem pathophysiology underlying REM sleep behavior disorder has been described in animal models, yet it is understudied in living humans because of the lack of an in vivo brainstem nuclei atlas and to the limited magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity.ObjectiveTo investigate brainstem structural connectivity changes in iRBD patients by using an in vivo probabilistic brainstem nuclei atlas and 7 Tesla MRI.MethodsStructural connectivity of 12 iRBD patients and 12 controls was evaluated by probabilistic tractography. Two‐sided Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare the structural connectivity indices across groups.ResultsIn iRBD, we found impaired (Z = 2.6, P < 0.01) structural connectivity in 14 brainstem nuclei, including the connectivity between REM‐on (eg, subcoeruleus [SubC]) and REM sleep muscle atonia (eg, medullary reticular formation) areas.ConclusionsThe brainstem nuclei diagram of impaired connectivity in human iRBD expands animal models and is a promising tool to study and possibly assess prodromal synucleinopathy stages. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Modelling of bivariate meteorological drought analysis in Lake Urmia Basin using Archimedean copula functions
Authors: Khezri Farzad , Irandoost Mohsen , Jalalkamali Navid , Yazdanpanah Najme 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Urmia Lake Basin as the world's second largest salt lake has experienced severe drought during recent years. The purpose of this study is to analyse the bivariate characteristics of drought (i.e., duration and severity) using two indices including SPI (standard precipitation index) and SPImod (modified SPI) associated with copula functions. For this purpose, rainfall data of six stations were used for the period of 1971–2017. At first, the characteristics of drought were extracted using the two indices. Then, through coding in the MATLAB software environment, eight families of Archimedean copula functions were applied. The simultaneous return period and conditional and Kendall returns were also investigated. The result showed that the Joe copula function was the best predictor for the analysis of both intensity and duration of drought for the study area. The correlation coefficients of Spearman, linear correlation and Tau Kendall computed for the SPI of stations were >0.65, >0.72 and >0.48, respectively, while all of them were significant. At a given critical probability level, t, the value of the Kendall return period was much greater than the standard return period, so that this difference increased with increasing t value. The results obtained from the time series of indices indicated that at least 40% of the months were dry, and the severity of droughts in the Urmia station was much higher than other stations during the studied period. Moreover, SPImod to a large extent eliminates the disadvantages of conventional SPI and takes into account seasonal variations of precipitation in the calculation of SPI.
Machine learning in calibrating tropical cyclone intensity forecast of ECMWF EPS
Authors: Chan Ming Hei Kenneth , Wong Wai Kin , Au‐Yeung Kin Chung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntensity prediction of tropical cyclones (TC) has been one of the major challenges for the operational forecast and warning service, as well as consequential assessment of impacts including high winds, storm surge and heavy rainfall caused by TC. With the advances in global numerical weather prediction (NWP) modelling systems, TC track and intensity forecasts for medium range are available every 6 or 12 h, and ensemble prediction system (EPS) outputs provide various scenarios for producing probabilistic forecasts. The TC intensity forecast from the EPS of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has shown systematic negative biases, although the performance is better than other global models in general. A machine learning model based on XGBoost, a decision‐tree‐based machine learning algorithm, is introduced in this paper to post‐process ECMWF EPS outputs and generate an improved forecast of TC intensity. The predictors such as selected percentiles of ensemble members in maximum wind and minimum pressure of previous TC cases were applied in the XGBoost model to generate a calibrated forecast for the maximum wind of TCs. Verification of the XGBoost model was made using TCs over the western North Pacific during 2016–2019. It is found that the negative biases of the intensity forecast from ECMWF EPS and HRES can be reduced with improvement in the overall accuracy.
A Leigh syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations on NDUFAF5 induce early infant death: A case report
Authors: Wen Yan , Lu Guoyan , Qiao Lina , Li Yifei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor gene (NDUFAF5) has been linked to the occurrence of Leigh syndrome, but few causative mutations have been identified. Here we report a rare case of Leigh syndrome in an infant who died in the early postnatal period.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and mutation analysis of NDUFAF5 to obtain genetic data on the patient and describe the clinical and genetic characteristics.ResultsThe proband was a 2‐month‐old male infant who suffered from recurrent vomiting and persistent seizure and died at 2 months of age after early medical support and treatment. His parents reported the unexplained death of the infant's older brother at 1 year of age. WES of the patient's DNA revealed c.357C>G and c.611C>T compound heterozygous mutations in NDUFAF5; analysis with the MutationTaster application indicated that both were pathogenic (p = 0.99). Significant structural changes in the transport domain of the protein were predicted using SWISS‐MODEL. We estimated the stability of the mutant protein using a mutation cutoff scanning matrix and found reductions in Gibbs free energy (−0.623 kcal/mol for p.D119E and −0.813 kcal/mol for p.A204V), indicating that the mutations led to an unstable protein structure. We speculated that the patient died as a result of impaired mitochondrial function caused by the NDUFAF5 mutations, and made a diagnosis of Leigh syndrome.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that molecular genetic screening is useful for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially in children with a positive family history. Leigh syndrome should be considered in the diagnosis of patients presenting with severe recurrent vomiting and feeding difficulties with persistent seizure. Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of the NDUFAF5 gene and contribute to the genotype–phenotype map of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency.
Bovine Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit Catabolic and Inflammatory Processes in Cartilage from Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Pieters Bartijn C. H. , Arntz Onno J. , Aarts Joyce , Feitsma Anouk L. , van Neerven R. J. Joost , van der Kraan Peter M. , Oliveira Marina C. , van de Loo Fons A. J. 
Published: December 2021

ScopeData from the Osteoarthritis Initiative shows that females who drink milk regularly have less joint cartilage loss and OA progression, but the biologic mechanism is unclear. Bovine milk is a rich source of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small phospholipid bilayer bound structures that facilitate intercellular communication. In this study, the authors aim to evaluate whether these EVs may have the capacity to protect cartilage from osteoarthritis patients, ex vivo, by directly effecting chondrocytes.Methods and ResultsHuman cartilage explants are exposed to cow's milk‐derived EVs (CMEVs), which results in reduced sulfated glycosaminoglycan release and inhibition of metalloproteinase‐1 expression. Incubation of articular chondrocytes with CMEVs also effectively reduces expression of cartilage destructive enzymes (ADAMTS5, MMPs), which play key roles in the disease progression. In part, these findings are attributed to the presence of TGFβ on these vesicles, and in addition, a possible role is reserved for miR‐148a, which is functionally transferred by CMEVs.ConclusionThese findings highlight the therapeutic potential of local CMEV delivery in osteoarthritic joints, where inflammatory and catabolic mediators are responsible for joint pathology. CMEVs are carriers of both TGFβ and miR‐148a, two essential regulators for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis and protection against cartilage destruction.