bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstrução com implante metálico personalizado de artrodese após ressecções de tumor ósseo do rádio distal. Experiência em um único centro
Authors: Szostakowski Bartlomiej , Staals Eric , Onwordi Lyris , Pollock Robin , Skinner John A. 
Published: March 2021

Resumo
Objetivo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os resultados clínicos, radiológicos e funcionais da reconstrução do rádio distal após a ressecção do tumor com implante metálico personalizado de artrodese e compará-los com outros tipos de reconstrução do rádio distal, conforme apresentado na literatura.Pelo que conhecemos, este é o primeiro artigo descrevendo esse tipo particular de implante e funcionalidade no paciente.
Métodos Os desfechos funcionais de reconstrução do rádio distal foram avaliados em uma série de 4 pacientes. Três dos pacientes tiveram ressecção de tumores de células gigantes (TCGs), sendo um paciente com ressecção de osteossarcoma.
Resultados Não houve complicações relacionadas ao implante, como infecção, não sindicalidade ou afrouxamento. Dois pacientes tiveram que passar por uma nova cirurgia para a protusão da prótese metálica. A função geral foi boa de acordo com as pontuações da Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) e Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH).
Conclusão O estudo mostra que o implante metálico personalizado de artrodese se beneficia do fato de que pode ser usado como opção de salvamento quando outros tratamentos falharam, ou pode ser usado como opção primária nos casos em que há estoque ósseo limitado após a ressecção do tumor do rádio distal.
Increased Expression of Type-I Collagen in Malignant Colorectal Lesion and Positive Correlations with Clinical Factors
Authors: Santos Monique Pinheiro , Alves Izabela Silva Sinara , Bautz Willian Grassi , Ribeiro Flavya da Silva Souza , Gama Luciano Pinto Nogueira da , Dettogni Raquel Spinassé , Gama-de-Souza Letícia Nogueira da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Type-I collagen (Col-I) is one of the main macromolecules of the extracellular matrix, and it is involved in the desmoplastic stromal reaction, an indicator of worse prognosis in cases of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the present study was to investigate Col-I expression in cases of CRC and adenoma and to correlate with the clinical data and the data regarding the lifestyle of the patients.
Methods A retrospective study including 22 patients with adenoma and 15 with CRC treated at a coloproctology service. The clinical and lifestyle data were obtained through medical records, and Col-I expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry.
Results Women represented most cases of adenoma (63.64%), whereas CRC was found mainly in men (73.33%) (p = 0.0448). Immunoexpression of Col-I showed a basement membrane thickening in areas of lining of epithelium and around the glands in both lesions. The cases of CRC had a quite evident fibrosis process in the stroma. The quantitative analysis demonstrated a higher protein expression in CRCs compared to adenomas (p = 0.0109), as well as in female patients (p = 0.0214), patients aged ≥ 50 years (p = 0.0400), and in those with a positive family history of colorectal disease (p = 0.0292). These results suggested a remodeling of the microenvironment of the tumor in CRC carcinogenesis. Importantly, the clinicopathologic positive correlations showed a plausible link between the patient's profile and the immunohistochemical findings, which indicate a possible form of patient stratification.
Conclusion The immunohistochemical analysis encourages the performance of more comprehensive studies to ascertain if our results could be a tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of the patients.
Incidence of Hyperglycemia/Secondary Diabetes in Women who have Undergone Curative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: First Study from India
Authors: Rao Suresh , Prasad Krishna , Abraham Soniya , George Thomas , Chandran Supreeth Kakkaje , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Development of cancer chemotherapy treatment-induced hyperglycemia/ diabetes (secondary diabetes) is a major problem and has never been reported from India. The present study was planned to ascertain this in women undergoing curative chemotherapy for their breast cancer.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective chart-based study and was conducted in a cancer specialty hospital. The information on women who were nondiabetic at the start of the treatment was collected from the files. Details on cancer diagnosis, domicile, body mass index (BMI), type of diet, marital status, number of children, and previous history of diabetes if any were considered. The blood glucose levels before surgery and after the completion of radiotherapy were considered. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for diabetes were considered. The data were subjected to frequency and percentage and analyzed using Chi-square test. Association between the demographic details and development of Hyperglycemia or secondary diabetes or prediabetes was done using the Pearson’s correlation analysis. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results A total of 474 cases were included in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that by the end of the radiation treatment, 24.89% were prediabetic, 10.97% were diabetic after being in prediabetic stage, 8.22% became diabetic without going through a prediabetic stage, and that 55.91% did not develop either prediabetic or diabetic condition. Analysis of development of secondary diabetes and prediabetes with BMI (p < 0.0001) and age (p < 0.024) showed a strong correlation and was significant.
Conclusion To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study from India, and the results indicate that the development of secondary diabetes in women undergoing curative chemotherapy is high. Attempts are underway to ascertain the cause for the development and how it can be mitigated.
Determination of Tissue Distribution of Alisol G, a CB1R Antagonist, in Rats by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gao Chen-Yu , Xi Jian-Qiang , Song Ding-Zhong , Yuan Jie , Hao Wu-Si , Cui Zhong-Bao , Cheng Zhi-Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPeripheral CB1R blockers without crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in metabolic syndromes, including obesity. Among them is Alisol G, a tetracyclic triterpene from Alismatis rhizoma (zexie), which can effectively reduce the weight of obese mice. Results from CP55940-induced [35S] GTPγS cannabinoid-type 1 receptor (CB1R) binding assay show an IC50 of 34.8 μmol/L for Alisol G, implicating its role as a CB1R antagonist. The purpose of our study is to assess whether Alisol G could serve as a peripheral CB1R antagonist for obesity treatment. In this study, we build a simple, reliable, and sensitive method to detect the concentration of Alisol G in rat tissue by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that Alisol G was mainly distributed in intestinal midgut, mucosa and small intestine, with little brain exposure. We suggested that intestine may be the main acting sites of Alisol G. Through comparison of brain and blood concentrations of Alisol G, our data showed that Alisol G cannot penetrate the BBB easily. In conclusion, Alisol G may represent a peripheral CB1R antagonist for the further treatment of obesity.
Surgery for Complicated Stomal Prolapse: Is the Altemeier Technique an Option? A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Alalfy Tamer R. , Orban Yasser A. , Algazar Mohammed , Farag Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction The incidence of stomal prolapse ranges from 2% to 22%. The risk factors include colostomy, the short length of the stoma, obesity, emergency surgery, and the improper (or even absence of) marking of the preoperative site for the stoma. Complicated stomal prolapse associated with severe mucosal irritation, ischemic changes, or bleeding requires surgical intervention.
Objective To describe the use of the Altemeier technique in the management of cases of complicated prolapsed stoma after failure of the local medical measures and manual reduction.
Methods Case series of three patients with past history of abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer and permanent end colostomy presented with irreducible prolapse of the stoma. After the failure of the local measures and manual reduction, urgent surgical intervention using the modified Altemeier technique was necessary.
Results The modified Altemeier technique is simple, presents low risk of operative and postoperative complications, besides enabling an early recovery, with a lower risk of recurrence during the first 6 months after the repair.
Conclusion The modified Altemeier technique may be a valid therapeutic modality in the setting of complicated prolapsed stoma.
Evidence for Early and Regular Physical Therapy and Exercise in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ellis Terry D. , Colón-Semenza Cristina , DeAngelis Tamara R. , Thomas Cathi A. , Hilaire Marie-Hélène Saint , Earhart Gammon M. , Dibble Leland E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAdvances in medical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) have resulted in living longer with disability. Although disability worsens over the course of the disease, there are signs of disability even in the early stages. Several studies reveal an early decline in gait and balance and a high prevalence of nonmotor signs in the prodromal period that contribute to early disability. There is a growing body of evidence revealing the benefits of physical therapy and exercise to mitigate motor and nonmotor signs while improving physical function and reducing disability. The presence of early disability coupled with the benefits of exercise suggests that physical therapy should be initiated earlier in the disease. In this review, we present the evidence revealing early disability in PD and the effectiveness of physical therapy and exercise, followed by a discussion of a secondary prevention model of rehabilitation to reduce early disability and optimize long-term outcomes.
Brain–Computer Interfaces in Neurorecovery and Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Young Michael J. , Lin David J. , Hochberg Leigh R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advances in brain–computer interface technology to restore and rehabilitate neurologic function aim to enable persons with disabling neurologic conditions to communicate, interact with the environment, and achieve other key activities of daily living and personal goals. Here we evaluate the principles, benefits, challenges, and future directions of brain–computer interfaces in the context of neurorehabilitation. We then explore the clinical translation of these technologies and propose an approach to facilitate implementation of brain–computer interfaces for persons with neurologic disease.
Female and Male Community-Level Empowerment: Capability Approach-Based Findings for Rural India
Authors: Schmidt Melinda , Strotmann Harald , Volkert Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper adds to the empirical research on empowerment drivers by analysing the empowerment of women and men at the community level. Using micro-data from four villages in rural Karnataka/India, our econometric estimations confirm several predictions of Sen’s capability approach on potential determinants of empowerment. Education, decent employment, other-regarding agency goals, political networks, trust and fairness coincide with reported impact on community-level change. Gender-specific estimations demonstrate that most empirical drivers of empowerment are quite consistent for men and women in many respects. Some variables, however, notably higher education, correlate with community-level empowerment of men, but not of women, which emphasises different gender roles in rural Karnataka. These findings may help researchers and practitioners to further develop cause-related strategies to overcome major determinants of disempowerment in institutional village decision contexts in general as well as those which are gender-specific.
Jerusalem cross geometry magnetic substrate absorbers for low-frequency broadband applications
Authors: Liu Qian , Liang Difei , Wang Xin , Han Tiancheng , Lu Haipeng , Xie Jianliang 
Published: March 2021

In this work, an ultra-thin microwave absorber with a Jerusalem cross (JC) resonator exhibiting a broad low-frequency absorption bandwidth was successfully designed and fabricated. The system is composed of a perfect electric conductor-magnetic-periodic metal three-layer structure. The top metal layer consists of a periodic JC, which can be used to obtain dual-bands and low-frequencies in L-band, S-band, and C-band applications. The simulations show that the magnetic absorber with a thickness of 2 mm exhibits two absorption peaks at 1.4 and 4.7 GHz, with a reflectivity of −10 and −8 dB, respectively. The L-band RL (reflection loss) of −4 dB bandwidth has 91% (1–1.91 GHz), whereas the S-band and the C-band of −4 dB bandwidth have 47% (2.87–5.68 GHz). The total thickness of the absorber measures only 1/100λ at 1.5 GHz. When a magnetic harmonic TM is polarized at an incidence angle of 75°, an average RL of −10 dB in the 1–8 GHz range is obtained. The equivalent L–C circuit and the power loss density clarify the mechanism behind the absorption. Such a low-frequency absorber can be used in various applications to quench microwave energy.
Gain-of-function factor H–related 5 protein impairs glomerular complement regulation resulting in kidney damage
Authors: Malik Talat H. , Gitterman Daniel P. , Lavin Deborah P. , Lomax-Browne Hannah J. , Hiemeyer E. Christina , Moran Linda B. , Boroviak Katharina , Cook H. Terence , Gilmore Alyssa C. , Mandwie Mawj , Ahmad Amina , Alexander Ian E. , Logan Grant J. , Marchbank Kevin J. , Bradley Allan , Pickering Matthew C. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The complement system is integral to innate immunity and host defense. However, inappropriate activation causes host tissue damage and disease. In health, this is prevented by a complex protein network that includes the factor H proteins. Understanding control of complement is critical to treat complement-mediated disease. We demonstrate that a gain-of-function mutant factor H–related 5 protein (FHR5) results in glomerular damage. The mutant interfered with complement regulation within the kidney, resulting in complement accumulation within glomeruli and kidney damage. Administration of a complement regulator with enhanced surface regulatory activity reduced mutant-associated glomerular complement. FHR5 can disrupt the homeostatic regulation of complement within the kidney, and targeting FHR5 represents a way to treat some types of complement-mediated kidney injury.
Okra in translation
Authors: Ciribuco Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article explores the theme of food translation, based on research conducted in Italy in 2018 with a group of asylum
seekers from different West African countries. It concentrates on a community gardening project revolving around the cultivation of okra: a
vegetable that is a staple in many African cuisines, but not very popular in Italy, which provided the occasion for the participants to
communicate their home foodways.
As something that is linked to the most basic human needs, and yet bears high cultural significance, food can be used as a
lens to explore the shifting relationship between language and other embodied forms of meaning. Translating food means engaging with a
complex interplay of language, sensory experiences, and socio-cultural norms. Drawing from recent semiotically-oriented developments in
translation studies as well as applied linguistics, and the semiotics of food, I analyze key participants’ involvement with the project.
The missing link between truth and intensification
Authors: Bardenstein Ruti , Ariel Mira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Truth markers commonly evolve into intensifiers (Heine & Kuteva 2002), but we here argue that this shift is only indirect, and a counter-loosening phase necessarily mediates between truth marking and intensification. Counter-looseners instruct the addressee to avoid (or rather, constrain) the very natural interpretative process of broadening, whereby the speaker-intended concept would have been taken as a loosened, “more or less” interpretation of the meaning of the modified expression (Carston 2002). We provide a diachronic analysis for Hebrew mamash ‘really’, which supports our point, and we reinterpret diachronic analyses of other truth markers in order to show that they too underwent a counter-loosening phase before turning intensifiers. Finally, we briefly distinguish between a counter-loosening mediated intensifier evolution (for truth markers, particularizers and maximizers) and a direct evolutionary path into intensification for originally upscaling expressions (extreme scalar modifiers and augmenters).
Medical Marijuana Laws (MMLs) and Dispensary Provisions not Associated with Higher Odds of Adolescent Marijuana or Heavy Marijuana Use: A 46 State Analysis, 1991–2015
Authors: Johnson Julie K. , Johnson Renee M. , Hodgkin Dominic , Jones Abenaa A. , Kritikos Alexandra , Doonan Samantha M. , Harris Sion K. 
Published: March 2021

Background States are rapidly moving to reverse marijuana prohibition, most frequently through legalization of medical marijuana laws (MMLs), and there is concern that marijuana legalization may affect adolescent marijuana use. Methods This natural-experimental study used state Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data collected from participants in grades 9–12 from 1991 to 2015 in 46 states ( N = 1,091,723). Taking advantage of heterogeneity across states in MML status and MML dispensary design, difference-in-difference estimates compared states with enacted MMLs/dispensaries to non-MML/dispensaries states. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to adjust for state and year effects, and student demographics. The main outcome assessed was past 30-day adolescent marijuana use [“any” and “heavy” (≥20)]. Results In the overall sample, the adjusted odds of adolescents reporting any past 30-day marijuana use was lower in states that enacted MMLs at any time during the study period (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.99; p < .05), and in states with operational dispensaries in 2015 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99; p < .05). Among grade cohorts, only 9th graders showed a significant effect, with lower odds of use with MML enactment. We found no effects on heavy marijuana use. Conclusions This study found no evidence between 1991 and 2015 of increases in adolescents reporting past 30-day marijuana use or heavy marijuana use associated with state MML enactment or operational MML dispensaries. In a constantly evolving marijuana policy landscape, continued monitoring of adolescent marijuana use is important for assessing policy effects.
Interpolation of Schwarzschild and de Sitter spacetimes by a cosmological fluid
Authors: Mazharimousavi S Habib , Halilsoy M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The regular de Sitter core and astrophysical Schwarzschild black hole metrics are interpolated by a cosmological fluid. The cosmological constant Λ and the mass M of the emergent regular black hole are both indispensable parameters of our phenomenological model. Asymptotically the fluid satisfies weak energy condition (WEC) and it imposes constraints to rule the physical properties of the resulting astrophysical black hole. Above all, our fluid model proves the existence of supermassive, regular black holes due to the smallness of Λ in our universe and strictly not by collapsing of supermassive objects. Concerning the problematic smallness of

Λ
,

our choice is based on the upper limit determined by the solar system energy density

∼

10

3

J

m

3

. Within this bound, however, we show that our galaxy Milky Way doesn’t admit such a cosmological fluid interpretation.
The full Boltzmann hierarchy for dark matter-massive neutrino interactions
Authors: Mosbech Markus R. , Boehm Celine , Hannestad Steen , Mena Olga , Stadler Julia , Wong Yvonne Y.Y. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The impact of dark matter-neutrino interactions on the measurement of the cosmological parameters has been investigated in the past in the context of massless neutrinos exclusively. Here we revisit the role of a neutrino-dark matter coupling in light of ongoing cosmological tensions by implementing the full Boltzmann hierarchy for three massive neutrinos. Our tightest 95% CL upper limit on the strength of the interactions, parameterized via uχ =σ0/σTh(mχ/100 GeV)−1, is uχ≤3.34 · 10−4, arising from a combination of Planck TTTEEE data, Planck lensing data and SDSS BAO data. This upper bound is, as expected, slightly higher than previous results for interacting massless neutrinos, due to the correction factor associated with neutrino masses. We find that these interactions significantly relax the lower bounds on the value of σ_8 that is inferred in the context of ΛCDM from the Planck data, leading to agreement within 1-2σ with weak lensing estimates of σ8, as those from KiDS-1000. However, the presence of these interactions barely affects the value of the Hubble constant H0.
Effects of an exoskeleton-assisted gait training on post-stroke lower-limb muscle coordination
Authors: Zhu Fangshi , Kern Marcie , Fowkes Erin , Afzal Taimoor , Contreras-Vidal Jose-Luis , Francisco Gerard E , Chang Shuo-Hsiu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Powered exoskeletons have been used to help persons with gait impairment regain some walking ability. However, little is known about its impact on neuromuscular coordination in persons with stroke. The objective of this study is to investigate how a powered exoskeleton could affect the neuromuscular coordination of persons with post-stroke hemiparesis.

Approach. Eleven able-bodied subjects and ten stroke subjects participated in a single-visit treadmill walking assessment, in which their motion and lower-limb muscle activities were captured. By comparing spatiotemporal parameters, kinematics, and muscle synergy pattern between two groups, we characterized the normal gait pattern and the post-stroke motor deficits. Five eligible stroke subjects received exoskeleton-assisted gait trainings and walking assessments were conducted pre-intervention (Pre) and post-intervention (Post), without (WO) and with (WT) the exoskeleton. We compared their gait performance between (a) Pre and Post to investigate the effect of exoskeleton-assisted gait training and, (b) WO and WT the exoskeleton to investigate the effect of exoskeleton wearing on stroke subjects.

Main results. While four distinct motor modules were needed to describe lower-extremity activities during stead-speed walking among able-bodied subjects, three modules were sufficient for the paretic leg from the stroke subjects. Muscle coordination complexity, module composition and activation timing were preserved after the training, indicating the intervention did not significantly change the neuromuscular coordination. In contrast, walking WT the exoskeleton altered the stroke subjects’ synergy pattern, especially on the paretic side. The changes were dominated by the activation profile modulation towards the normal pattern observed from the able-bodied group.

Significance. This study gave us some critical insight into how a powered exoskeleton affects the stroke subjects’ neuromuscular coordination during gait and demonstrated the potential to use muscle synergy as a method to evaluate the effect of the exoskeleton training.
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03057652).