bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Performance of Pixelated Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Inkjet Printing of Quantum Dot–Polymer Composites
Authors: Roh Heebum , Ko Donghyun , Shin Dong Yeol , Chang Jun Hyuk , Hahm Donghyo , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Changhee , Kim Jun Young , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInkjet printing of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) is considered a promising technology for application in full‐color quantum dot light‐emitting diode (QLED) displays. However, QLEDs that are inkjet printed in a pixel‐defining bank structure generally exhibit a low performance, mainly due to the nonuniformity in its QD morphology. In this study, an enhanced performance of inkjet‐printing‐based pixelated QLEDs is achieved by introducing small amounts of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of different molecular weights into QD inks. When this QD–PMMA composite ink is adopted, uniform droplets are formed, originating from contact line depinning during drying. Inside the bank structure, the inkjet‐printed QD–PMMA composite film shows a smooth surface and little pileup at the bank edges. A pixelated QLED with PMMA with a molecular weight of 8 kDa exhibits the highest luminance of 73 360 cd m−2 and an external quantum efficiency of 2.8%, which are remarkably higher than that of the inkjet‐printed QLED subpixels without PMMA. The result is verified through the observation of the drying process and the QLED subpixel shapes under operation. Thus, inkjet‐printed QD–PMMA composite inks can be a promising strategy for future research on pixelated QLEDs for the fabrication process of full‐color QLED displays.
A Transformative Metasurface Based on Zerogap Embedded Template
Authors: Das Bamadev , Yun Hyeong Seok , Park Namkyoo , Jeong Jeeyoon , Kim Dai‐Sik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ideals of reconfigurable metasurfaces would be operation in a broad frequency range with a high extinction ratio and fatigue resistivity. In this paper, all the above is achieved in the microwave regime by transforming a bare metallic film into well‐controlled nanometer sized gaps in a fully reversible manner. It is shown that adjacent metallic patterns deposited at different times can form “zero‐nanometer gaps,” or “zerogaps,” while maintaining the optical and electrical connectivity. The zerogaps readily open and recover with gentle bending and relaxing of the flexible substrate, precisely along the rims of the pre‐patterns of centimeter lengths. In a prototypical pattern of densely packed slit arrays, these gaps when opened serve as antennas achieving transparency for polarizations perpendicular to the length of the gap and shut off all the incident lights when closed. In such transformation between a polarizer and a mirror, 75% of transmission is observed with polarization extinction ratio of 7500 coming back down to 5 orders of magnitude extinction repeatable over 10 000 times. This work has long‐standing implications to metamaterials and metasurfaces as well as the fundamental aspect of extending a picometer scale distance controllability toward the wafer scale.
A Nano‐Imaging Study of Graphene Edge Plasmons with Chirality‐Dependent Dispersions
Authors: Wang Ximiao , Zheng Zebo , Xu Ningsheng , Wang Weiliang , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shaozhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraphene plasmons (GPs) have a variety of potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics, such as room temperature mid‐infrared photodetectors, sensors, and modulators, due to their ultrahigh electromagnetic field confinements. In particular, the GPs at the edges of a monolayer graphene have been demonstrated to exhibit superior electromagnetic field confinements compared to the sheet plasmons. The graphene is terminated by two types of edges with different chiralities, that is, zigzag or armchair edge. Here, study of the plasmon modes at these two edges and their dispersions, is reported. The authors manage to visualize these two edges using a nano‐imaging technique, and show that edge plasmon behaviors are strongly dependent on chirality. The plasmon dispersions of these two edges can be modified upon chemical doping. Due to the stronger molecule absorption ability of the zigzag edge, the associated plasmons exhibit a broader tuning range.
Photosensitizer‐Free Phototherapy with Peptide Micelle Nanoadjuvants for Cancer Vaccine against Metastasis of Melanoma
Authors: Le Quoc‐Viet , Kim Dongyoon , Lee Jaiwoo , Shim Gayong , Oh Yu‐Kyoung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, an external photosensitizer‐free vaccination strategy accompanied by delivery of nanoadjuvants is reported as a treatment for melanoma. Melanin‐enriched B16F10 melanoma cells showed a strong and specific photothermal effect under irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR) wavelength light, and a corresponding killing effect of cancer cells is observed. The irradiated melanoma cells exhibited surface exposure of the eat‐me signal, calreticulin, which induced immunogenic cell death. The nanoadjuvant, which comprised imiquimod encapsulated in amphiphilic peptide‐based micelles, induced dendritic cell maturation. In B16F10 melanoma tumor‐bearing mice, irradiation of NIR light alone increased the temperature of the tumor site to 60 °C regardless of nanoadjuvant treatment. To mimic metastasis to sites near the primary tumor site, primary tumor‐cured mice are rechallenged with B16F10 cells. In a lung metastasis model induced by intravenous injection of B16F10 cells, only nanoadjuvant‐treated group showed significant prevention of B16F10 tumor nodule formation in the lung. The immunotherapeutic effects of this nanoadjuvant are supported by an observed increase of tumor‐infiltrating CD8 + T cell populations. The results suggest that the combination of photosensitizer‐free phototherapy with a peptide micelle nanoadjuvant has strong potential for clinical translation as a melanoma vaccine.
Electrokinetic Proton Transport in Triple (H+/O2−/e−) Conducting Oxides as a Key Descriptor for Highly Efficient Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Seong Arim , Kim Junyoung , Jeong Donghwi , Sengodan Sivaprakash , Liu Meilin , Choi Sihyuk , Kim Guntae 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecently, triple (H+/O2−/e−) conducting oxides (TCOs) have shown tremendous potential to improve the performance of various types of energy conversion and storage applications. The systematic understanding of the TCO is limited by the difficulty of properly identifying the proton movement in the TCO. Herein, the isotope exchange diffusion profile (IEDP) method is employed via time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to evaluate kinetic properties of proton in the layered perovskite‐type TCOs, PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ (PBSCF).Within the strategy, the PBSCF shows two orders of magnitude higher proton tracer diffusion coefficient (D*H, 1.04 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 550 °C) than its oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient at even higher temperature range (D*O, 1.9 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 at 590 °C). Also, the surface exchange coefficient of a proton (k*H) is successfully obtained in the value of 2.60 × 10−7 cm s−1 at 550 °C. In this research, an innovative way is provided to quantify the proton kinetic properties (D*H and k*H) of TCOs being a crucial indicator for characterizing the electrochemical behavior of proton and the mechanism of electrode reactions.
De‐colonizing conservation in a global world
Authors: Lanjouw Annette 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHumans form an integral part of most ecosystems on earth. To prevent habitat and species loss and destruction, social justice must, therefore, be at the core of conservation efforts. Traditional conservation education approaches focus on building knowledge, skills, and awareness amongst local communities with the hope of leading to behavior change resulting in the protection of species and ecosystems. The principal drivers of threats to these ecosystems, however, are often not the local people but rather the interests of industry, governments and consumers in distant places. To mitigate and abate the threats to ecosystems, conservation approaches must be both localized and decolonized, including on all the relevant stakeholders. This starts by ensuring that industry, government, and financing institutions have the skills and incentives to avoid harm to the people, wildlife, and ecosystems they exploit, and ensuring that local and indigenous communities are not only informed, but much more engaged in leading the activities that affect them or their land/resources. Essentially, it is the behavior of the global community that must change with respect to the consumption, utilization, and extraction of tropical forest resources and conservation targets must reflect this. Conservation can only be successful when the threats to ecosystems are adequately understood and local people are part of the design and leadership of conservation efforts. This commentary provides specific examples of how conservation education can focus on the drivers of threats, building expertize in the relevant audiences and partners.
Unusual Shorter‐Chain C35 and C36 Alkenones from Commercially Grown Isochrysis sp. Microalgae
Authors: O'Neil Gregory W. , Gale Amanda C. , Nelson Robert K. , Dhaliwal Herman K. , Reddy Christopher M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnusual shorter‐chain alkenones (C35 and C36) were the dominant alkenones (rather than C37 and C38) isolated from commercially grown Tisochrysis lutea microalgae. Structures of the alkenones were determined by analyzing the alkenones and their products following a butenolysis reaction by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (GC × GC‐TOF HRMS). The major alkenones were identified as (15E,22E)‐heptatriaconta‐15,22‐dien‐2‐one and (16E,23E)‐octatriaconta‐16,23‐dien‐3‐one, similar to one previous finding of abundant shorter‐chain alkenones in a culture of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP2758, yet distinguishing them from C35 and C36 alkenones extracted from Black Sea sediments with different double bond positions. Our data suggest a possible shared trigger (e.g. nutrient stress) that may occur during cultivation resulting in shorter‐chain alkenones from both the aforementioned E. huxleyi and T. lutea. Moreover, for T. lutea, short‐chain alkenone biosynthesis can be accompanied by lower alkenone content but higher amounts of valuable docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These results, therefore, extend beyond alkenones and are important to established and emerging algal oil‐based industries.
Small mitochondrial RNAs as mediators of nuclear gene regulation, and potential implications for human health
Authors: Pozzi Andrea , Dowling Damian K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuch research has focused on the effects of pathogenic mitochondrial mutations on health. Notwithstanding, the mechanisms regulating the link between these mutations and their effects remain elusive in several cases. Here, we propose that certain mitochondrial mutations may disrupt function of a set of mitochondrial‐transcribed small RNAs, perturbing communication between mitochondria and nucleus, leading to disease. Our hypothesis synthesises two lines of supporting evidence. First, several mitochondrial mutations cannot be directly linked to effects on energy production or protein synthesis. Second, emerging studies have described the existence of small RNAs encoded by the mitochondria and proposed their involvement in RNA interference. We present a roadmap to testing this hypothesis.
Temporal profiling of cytokines in passively expressed sweat for detection of infection using wearable device
Authors: Jagannath Badrinath , Lin Kai‐Chun , Pali Madhavi , Sankhala Devangsingh , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work presents the viability of passive eccrine sweat as a functional biofluid toward tracking the human body's inflammatory response. Cytokines are biomarkers that orchestrate the manifestation and progression of an infection/inflammatory event. Hence, noninvasive, real‐time monitoring of cytokines can be pivotal in assessing the progression of infection/inflammatory event, which may be feasible through monitoring of host immune markers in eccrine sweat. This work is the first experimental proof demonstrating the ability to detect inflammation/infection such as fever, FLU directly from passively expressed sweat in human subjects using a wearable “SWEATSENSER” device. The developed SWEATSENSER device demonstrates stable, real‐time monitoring of inflammatory cytokines in passive sweat. An accuracy of >90% and specificity >95% was achieved using SWEATSENSER for a panel of cytokines (interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, interleukin‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) over an analytical range of 0.2–200 pg mL−1. The SWEATSENSER demonstrated a correlation of Pearson's r > 0.98 for the study biomarkers in a cohort of 26 subjects when correlated with standard reference method. Comparable IL‐8 levels (2–15 pg mL−1) between systemic circulation (serum) and eccrine sweat through clinical studies in a cohort of 15 subjects, and the ability to distinguish healthy and sick (infection) cohort using inflammatory cytokines in sweat provides pioneering evidence of the SWEATSENSER technology for noninvasive tracking of host immune response biomarkers. Such a wearable device can offer significant strides in improving prognosis and provide personalized therapeutic treatment for several inflammatory/infectious diseases.
Carbon‐Based Materials for a New Type of Zinc‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Le , Gao Yanhong , Wu Yingchun , Deng Jianping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs), as a new type of electrochemical energy storage (EES) device with great development prospects, have garnered considerable attention because they integrate the advantages of high‐energy zinc‐ion batteries and high‐power supercapacitors to meet people's demand for low‐cost, long‐term durability and high safety. Nevertheless, the investigation of ZICs remains in its infancy, and many problems need to be resolved. In particular, the challenge caused by the finite ion adsorption capacity of carbon‐based electrodes gravely limits the energy density of ZICs. Consequently, determining how to design a new type of carbon material with a high energy density without affecting its inherent power and long‐term durability has become a key issue. This Review systematically summarizes the research progress in the preparation, morphology, composition, and electrochemical properties of various carbon‐based materials used in ZICs in recent years, focusing on the charge‐storage mechanism. Current challenges and future opportunities in the application of carbon‐based materials in ZICs are also presented. This Review will help researchers understand ZICs further and develop new EES systems to satisfy the needs of quickly expansion electric automobiles and intelligent electronic device.
Investigation of Taniaphos as a chiral selector in chiral extraction of amino acid enantiomers
Authors: Xiao Wenjie , Chen Shuhuan , Liu Xiong , Ma Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinding chiral selector with high stereoselectivity to a variety of amino acid enantiomers remains a challenge and warrants further research. In this work, Taniaphos, a chiral ligand with rotatable spatial configuration, was employed as a chiral extractant to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers. Phenylalanine (Phe), homophenylalanine (Hphe), 4‐nitrophenylalanine (Nphe), and 3‐chloro‐phenylglycine (Cpheg) were used as substrates to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The results revealed that Taniaphos‐Cu exhibited good abilities to enantioseparate Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg with the highest separation factors (α) of 3.13, 2.10, 2.32, and 2.14, respectively. Taniaphos‐Cu is more conducive to combine with D‐amino acid in extraction. The influences of pH, Taniaphos‐Cu, and concentration and extraction temperature on extraction were comprehensively evaluated. The highest performance factors (pf) for Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg at optimal extraction conditions were 0.08892, 0.1250, 0.09621, and 0.08021, respectively. The recognition mechanism between Taniaphos‐Cu and amino acid enantiomers was discussed. The coordination interaction between Taniaphos‐Cu and COO−, π‐π interaction between Taniaphos‐Cu and amino acid enantiomers are important acting forces in chiral extraction. The steric‐hindrance between NH2 and OH lead to Taniaphos‐Cu‐D‐Phe is more stable than Taniaphos‐Cu‐L‐Phe. This work provided a chiral extractant that has good abilities to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers.
Comment les organisations adaptent leurs pratiques RH aux changements de l'environnement: 11 perspectives théoriques pour éclairer la gestion stratégique des ressources humaines
Authors: Cloutier Julie , Robert‐Huot Geneviève 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite the growing interest in Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM), little is known about the process by which organizations adapt their HR practices to changes in the environment. In order to open this “black box”, we transpose 11 theoretical perspectives of organizational change from the field of management to HRM. In addition, we highlight their contributions according to the dimensions of change: 1) the “what” (the nature of the change in HR practices); 2) the “why” (triggers for change); 3) the “what for” (the goals targeted by the change); 4) the “how” (the process by which the change in HR practices is implemented).
Factors influencing treatment of veterans with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Caram Megan E. V. , Burns Jennifer , Kumbier Kyle , Sparks Jordan B. , Tsao Phoebe A. , Chapman Christina H. , Bauman Jordan , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Shahinian Vahakn B. , Skolarus Ted A. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTreatments for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) differ in toxicity, administration, and evidence. In this study, clinical and nonclinical factors associated with the first‐line treatment for CRPC in a national delivery system were evaluated.MethodsNational electronic laboratory and clinical data from the Veterans Health Administration were used to identify patients with CRPC (ie, rising prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] on androgen deprivation) who received abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, or ketoconazole from 2010 through 2017. It was determined whether clinical (eg, PSA) and nonclinical factors (eg, race, facility) were associated with the first‐line treatment selection using multilevel, multinomial logistic regression. The average marginal effects (AMEs) were calculated of patient, disease, and facility characteristics on ketoconazole versus more appropriate CRPC therapy.ResultsThere were 4998 patients identified with CRPC who received first‐line ketoconazole, docetaxel, abiraterone, or enzalutamide. After adjustment, increasing age was associated with receipt of abiraterone (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.07; 95% credible interval [CrI], 1.06‐1.09) or enzalutamide (aOR, 1.10; 95% CrI, 1.08‐1.11) versus docetaxel. Greater preexisting comorbidity was associated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone (aOR, 1.53; 95% CrI, 1.23‐1.91). Patients with higher PSA values at the start of treatment were more likely to receive docetaxel than oral agents and less likely to receive ketoconazole than other oral agents. African American men were more likely to receive ketoconazole than abiraterone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel (AME, 2.8%; 95% CI, 0.7%‐4.9%). This effect was attenuated when adjusting for facility characteristics (AME, 1.9%; 95% CI, –0.4% to 4.1%).ConclusionsClinical factors had an expected effect on the first‐line treatment selection. Race may be associated with the receipt of a guideline‐discordant first‐line treatment.
Fetal heart rate during maternal sleep
Authors: DiPietro Janet A. , Raghunathan Radhika S. , Wu Hau‐Tieng , Bai Jiawei , Watson Heather , Sgambati Francis P. , Henderson Janice L. , Pien Grace W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite prolonged and cumulative exposure during gestation, little is known about the fetal response to maternal sleep. Eighty‐four pregnant women with obesity (based on pre‐pregnancy BMI) participated in laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG) with continuous fetal electrocardiogram monitoring at 36 weeks gestation. Multilevel modeling revealed both correspondence and lack of it in maternal and fetal heart rate patterns. Fetal heart rate (fHR) and variability (fHRV), and maternal heart rate (mHR) and variability (mHRV), all declined during the night, with steeper rates of decline prior to 01:00. fHR declined upon maternal sleep onset but was not otherwise associated with maternal sleep stage; fHRV differed during maternal REM and NREM. There was frequent maternal waking after sleep onset (WASO) and fHRV and mHRV were elevated during these episodes. Cross‐correlation analyses revealed little temporal coupling between maternal and fetal heart rate, except during WASO, suggesting that any observed associations in maternal and fetal heart rates during sleep are the result of other physiological processes. Implications of the maternal sleep context for the developing fetus are discussed, including the potential consequences of the typical sleep fragmentation that accompanies pregnancy.
Past, present, and future geographic range of the relict Mediterranean and Macaronesian Juniperus phoenicea complex
Authors: Salvà‐Catarineu Montserrat , Romo Angel , Mazur Małgorzata , Zielińska Monika , Minissale Pietro , Dönmez Ali A. , Boratyńska Krystyna , Boratyński Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to model the past, current, and future distribution of J. phoenicea s.s., J. turbinata, and J. canariensis, based on bioclimatic variables using a maximum entropy model (Maxent) in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions.LocationMediterranean and Macaronesian.TaxonCupressaceae, Juniperus.MethodsData on the occurrence of the J. phoenicea complex were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org), the literature, herbaria, and the authors’ field notes. Bioclimatic variables were obtained from the WorldClim database and Paleoclim. The climate data related to species localities were used for predictions of niches by implementation of Maxent, and the model was evaluated with ENMeval.ResultsThe potential niches of Juniperus phoenicea during the Last Interglacial period (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum climate (LGM), and Mid‐Holocene (MH) covered 30%, 10%, and almost 100%, respectively, of the current potential niche. Climate warming may reduce potential niches by 30% in RCP2.6 and by 90% in RCP8.5. The potential niches of Juniperus turbinata had a broad circum‐Mediterranean and Canarian distribution during the LIG and the MH; its distribution extended during the LGM when it was found in more areas than at present. The predicted warming in scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 could reduce the current potential niche by 30% and 50%, respectively. The model did not find suitable niches for J. canariensis during the LIG and the LGM, but during the MH its potential niche was 30% larger than at present. The climate warming scenario RCP2.6 indicates a reduction in the potential niche by 30%, while RCP8.5 so indicates a reduction of almost 60%.Main conclusionsThis research can provide information for increasing the protection of the juniper forest and for counteracting the phenomenon of local extinctions caused by anthropic pressure and climate changes.