bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is slowness a better discriminator of disability than frailty in older adults?
Authors: de Oliveira Dayane Capra , de Oliveira Máximo Roberta , Ramírez Paula Camila , de Souza Aline Fernanda , Luiz Mariane Marques , Delinocente Maicon Luis Bicigo , Chagas Marcos Hortes Nisihara , Steptoe Andrew , de Oliveira Cesar , da Silva Alexandre Tiago 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe trajectory of incident disability that occurs simultaneously with changes in frailty status, as well as how much each frailty component contributes to this process in the different sexes, are unknown. The objective of this study is to analyse the trajectory of the incidence of disability on basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL) as a function of the frailty changes and their components by sex over time.MethodsLongitudinal analyses of 1522 and 1548 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing study participants without BADL and IADL disability, respectively, and without frailty at baseline. BADL and IADL were assessed using the Katz and Lawton Scales and frailty by phenotype at 4, 8, and 12 years of follow‐up. Generalized mixed linear models were calculated for the incidence of BADL and IADL disability, as an outcome, using changes in the state of frailty and its components, as the exposure, by sex in models fully adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, biochemical, and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe mean age, at baseline, of the 1522 eligible individuals free of BADL and free of frailty was 68.1 ± 6.2 years (52.1% women) and of the 1548 individuals free IADL and free frailty was 68.1 ± 6.1 years (50.6% women). Women who became pre‐frail had a higher risk of incidence of disability for BADL and IADL when compared with those who remained non‐frail (P < 0.05). Men and women who became frail had a higher risk of incidence of disability regarding BADL and IADL when compared with those who remained non‐frail (P < 0.05). Slowness was the only component capable of discriminating the incidence of disability regarding BADL and IADL when compared with those who remained without slowness (P < 0.05). Weakness and low physical activity level in men and exhaustion in women also discriminated the incidence of disability (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSlowness is the main warning sign of functional decline in older adults. As its evaluation is easy, fast, and accessible, screening for this frailty component should be prioritized in different clinical contexts so that rehabilitation strategies can be developed to avoid the onset of disability.
Effectiveness of online training of first and second year AEGD residents in identifying, referring, and managing patients at‐risk for substance use and opioid disorders
Authors: Evangelidis‐Sakellson Vicky , Rifkin Marissa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesDentists have contributed greatly to the opioid epidemic, dispensing roughly 8.6% of opioids totaling over 18 million prescriptions in a 12‐month period from July 2016 to June 2017 and report educational gaps regarding screening techniques for substance misuse and an unfamiliarity with available referral resources. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and comfort level of residents in identifying, referring, and managing patients who are at risk for opioid use or substance use disorder in the dental setting before and after an online case‐based training course.MethodsThirty‐five first year (PGY1) and 11 second year (PGY2) advanced education in general dentistry (AEGD) residents participated in an online training course that aimed to assess knowledge in the domains of identifying, referring, and managing patients at risk for substance abuse disorder and opioid use in an academic setting. There were nine subdomains within the three major domains that further assessed resident comfort and knowledge. Before and after training, data were collected and analyzed.ResultsAnalysis of the results indicated that (1) the training modules increased resident comfort in identifying (p = 0.011), referring (p = 0.032), and managing (p = 0.002) patients at risk for opioid substance use. (2) PGY1 residents benefited more than PGY2 residents in identifying (p = 0.034) and the manage domains (p < 0.001). (3) Residents viewed the module quality, usefulness, and applicability favorably. Further analysis of the nine subdomains is presented.ConclusionOur study suggests that dental curricula would benefit from incorporating training of residents in identifying, referring, and managing patients at risk for substance use disorder and opioid use.
Optimal Diffusion Gradient Encoding Scheme for Diffusion Tensor Imaging Based on Golden Ratio
Authors: Liu Liangyou , Li Zhaotong , Zhang Zeru , Xia Yifan , Li Sha , Gao Song 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundThe accuracy of the estimated diffusion tensor elements can be improved by using a well‐chosen magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion gradient encoding scheme (DGES). Conversely, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is typically challenged by the subject's motion during data acquisition and results in corrupted image data.PurposeTo identify a reliable DGES based on the golden ratio (GR) that can generate an arbitrary number of uniformly distributed directions to precisely estimate the DTI parameters of partially acquired datasets owing to subject motion.Study TypeProspective.PopulationSimulations study; three healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3 T/DTI data were obtained using a single‐shot echo planar imaging sequence.Statistical TestsA paired sample t‐test and the Wilcoxon test were used, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.AssessmentTwo corrupted scenarios A and B were considered and evaluated. For the simulation study, the GR DGES and generated subsets were compared with the Jones and spiral DGESs by electric potential (EP) and condition number (CN). For the human study, the specific subsets A and B selected from scenarios A and B were used for MRI to evaluate fractional anisotropic (FA) map.ResultsFor the simulation study, the EPs of the GR (14034.25 ± 12957.24) DGES were significantly lower than the Jones (15112.81 ± 13926.08) and spiral (14297.49 ± 13232.94) DGESs. CN variations of GR (1.633 ± 0.024) DGES were significantly lower than Jones (1.688 ± 0.119) and spiral (4.387 ± 2.915) DGESs. For the human study, GR (0.008 ± 0.020) DGES performed similarly with Jones (0.008 ± 0.022) DGES and was superior to spiral (0.022 ± 0.054) DGES in the FA map error.Data ConclusionThe GR DGES ensured that directions of the complete sets and subsets were uniform. The GR DGES had lower error propagation sensitivity, which can help image infants or patients who cannot stay still during scanning.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Periodontal disease measures and risk of incident peripheral artery disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Arsiwala Lubaina T. , Mok Yejin , Yang Chao , Ishigami Junichi , Selvin Elizabeth , Beck James D. , Allison Matthew A. , Heiss Gerardo , Demmer Ryan T. , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe association of periodontal disease with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases is well known, but not specifically with incident peripheral artery disease (PAD). Therefore, we studied the associations of periodontal disease with incident PAD in a population‐based setting.MethodsAmong 9,793 participants (aged 53–75 years) without prevalent PAD, self‐reported history of periodontal disease was ascertained. Of these, 5,872 participants underwent full‐mouth examinations from which periodontal status was defined using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐American Academy of Periodontology (CDC‐AAP) definition. We quantified the association of periodontal disease with incident PAD (defined by hospital admission diagnosis or procedures) using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 20.1 years, 360 participants (3.6%) developed PAD. In models accounting for potential confounders including diabetes and smoking pack‐years, there was higher hazard of PAD in participants with self‐reported tooth loss because of periodontal disease (hazard ratio:1.54 [95% CI:1.20–1.98]), history of periodontal disease treatment (1.37 [1.05–1.80]), and periodontal disease diagnosis (1.38 [1.09–1.74]), compared to their respective counterparts. The clinical measure of periodontal disease (n = 5,872) was not significantly associated with incident PAD in the fully adjusted model (e.g., 1.53 [0.94–2.50] in CDC‐AAP‐defined severe periodontal disease versus no disease).ConclusionWe observed a modest association of self‐reported periodontal disease, especially when resulting in tooth loss, with incident PAD in the general population. Nonetheless, a larger study with the clinical measure of periodontal disease is warranted.
Receiving Long‐Term Disability or Pursuing a Legal Claim May Prevent Recovery From Chronic Dizziness
Authors: Shah Parita , Attia Mohamed , Dillon Wanda A. , Sulway Shaleen , Ranalli Paul , Rutka John A. , Gerretsen Philip 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisChronic dizziness (CD) and imbalance have multiple etiologies. CD is strongly linked with psychiatric and psychological comorbidities, thus an interdisciplinary approach, including psychopharmacological interventions, is recommended. Despite the use of this comprehensive treatment approach, the recovery of individuals with CD that pursue long‐term disability (LTD) insurance or legal claims (LC) appears hampered. As such, we aimed to compare symptom recovery from CD in an interdisciplinary setting between patients receiving LTD/LC versus those who were not, and to explore the factors that may contribute to changes in symptom severity.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsDizziness‐related diagnoses were extracted from the charts of 195 adults in an outpatient interdisciplinary neurotology clinic in Toronto, Canada. Patients with baseline Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Dizziness Catastrophizing Scale (DCS) assessments between August 2012 and July 2018 and a mean follow‐up visit within approximately 10 months were included. The study participants were categorized as “LTD/LC+” (n = 92) or “LTD/LC−” (n = 103), referring to either receiving or pursuing LTD/LC or not, respectively.ResultsThere were differences in the mean percentage changes in DHI (t[187] = 3.02, P = .003) and DCS (t[179] = 2.63, P = .009) scores between LTD/LC+ and LTD/LC− patients. LTD/LC+ patients showed 8.0% and 7.6% mean increases in DHI and DCS scores, respectively, whereas LTD/LC− patients showed 21.5% and 25.9% reductions in DHI and DCS scores, respectively, controlling for age, sex, and baseline illness severity.ConclusionsPatients receiving or pursuing LTD insurance or a legal claim did not improve from CD and dizziness catastrophizing compared to those who were not. Future studies are required to test these findings prospectively and to determine the factors that may contribute to symptom recovery, including the anxiety‐aggravating effects of the LTD/LC process and the deleterious consequences of developing a sick‐role while afflicted with a chronic illness.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 132:655–661, 2022
Preoperative plasma level of endoglin as a predictor for disease outcomes after radical cystectomy for nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , Schuettfort Victor M. , D'Andrea David , Pradere Benjamin , Mori Keiichiro , Quhal Fahad , Sari Motlagh Reza , Mostafaei Hadi , Katayama Satoshi , Grossmann Nico С. , Rajwa Pawel , Zeinler Flora , Abufaraj Mohammad , Moschini Marco , Zimmermann Kristin , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Fajkovic Harun , Scherr Douglas , Compérat Eva , Nyirady Peter , Rink Michael , Enikeev Dmitry , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElevated preoperative plasma level of endoglin has been associated with worse oncologic outcomes in various malignancies. The present large‐scale study aimed to determine the predictive and prognostic values of preoperative endoglin with regard to clinicopathologic and survival outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) for nonmetastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). We prospectively collected preoperative blood samples from 1036 consecutive patients treated with RC for UCB. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were undertaken to assess the correlation of endoglin levels with pathologic and survival outcomes, respectively. The AUC and C‐index were used to assess the discrimination. Patients with adverse pathologic features had significantly higher median preoperative endoglin plasma levels than their counterparts. Higher preoperative endoglin level was independently associated with an increased risk for lymph node metastasis, ≥pT3 disease, and nonorgan confined disease (NOCD; all p < 0.001). Plasma endoglin level was also independently associated with cancer‐specific and overall survival in both pre‐ and postoperative models (all p < 0.05), as well as with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in the preoperative model (p < 0.001). The addition of endoglin to the preoperative standard model improved its discrimination for prediction of lymph node metastasis, ≥pT3 disease, NOCD, and RFS (differential increases in C‐indices: 10%, 5%, 5.8%, and 4%, respectively). Preoperative plasma endoglin is associated with features of biologically and clinically aggressive UCB as well as survival outcomes. Therefore, it seems to hold the potential of identifying UCB patients who may benefit from intensified therapy in addition to RC such as extended lymphadenectomy or/and preoperative systemic therapy.
Mit dem Testsystem zur Probe
Authors: Weller Michael G. , Schneider Rudolf J. , Rurack Knut 
Published: September 2021

Abstract(Bio)chemische Sensoren ersetzen bei der Vor‐Ort‐Analytik die großen Messgeräte oder dienen dazu, Analyten im Verdachtsfall oder kontinuierlich zu überwachen. Das können pharmazeutische Stoffe im Abwasser sein, Aflatoxin in Milch oder Sprengstoff am Flughafen. Ein Überblick über Neuentwicklungen.
Werkstoffe: Oxidkeramische Fasern
Authors: Clauß Bernd , Pfeifer Stephanie , Reinders Leonie , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBesser als Superlegierungen: faserverstärkte Keramik. Manche dieser Materialien halten im Gegensatz zu den metallischen Werkstoffen in Hochtemperaturanwendungen Temperaturen von mehr als 1000 °C aus.
Ethik in der Chemie: Die gute Absicht reicht nicht
Authors: Schummer Joachim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObwohl die Chemie seit Jahrhunderten im Zentrum öffentlicher Debatten steht, ist sie bisher kaum Gegenstand professioneller ethischer Reflexion. Das unterscheidet sie von Medizin, Biologie und Technik, zu denen es ethische Forschung und Lehre an Universitäten gibt. Aber ohne Ethik wird chemische Forschung leicht nutzlos oder gar gefährlich.
Trendbericht: Makromolekulare Chemie
Authors: Gröschel Andre , Träger Anja , Brendel Johannes C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWie das letzte Jahr zeigte, ist die Forschung über Polymere und ihre Aggregate wichtig, um die Coronapandemie einzudämmen. Darüber hinaus gab es in der makromolekularen Forschung eine Vielzahl an Neuerungen und wegweisende Entwicklungen, etwa bei Materialien und polymerbasierter Elektronik. Dieser Trendbericht umfasst nicht nur Highlights, sondern präsentiert auch die Forschungsinteressen des akademischen Nachwuchses.
Gefahren virtuell begegnen
Authors: Poensgen Fabian , Hohr Annika , Vit Merlin , Reiners Christiane S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBei Sicherheitseinweisungen in Labor und Schule trägt traditionellerweise eine Lehrkraft vor, und Studierende oder Schüler:innen hören zu. Solche Pflichtveranstaltungen wären erfolgreicher, wenn die Lernenden sich aktiv beteiligen könnten. Das gelingt mit digitalen Elementen: Mit der Software H5P können Lehrende Sicherheitseinweisungen interaktiv gestalten und zugleich prüfen, ob die Lernenden diese verstanden und verinnerlicht haben.
Chemistst4Future: Chemie grüner machen
Authors: Bothe Daniel , Seiffert Sebastian , Kuzu Istemi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDie Fridays‐for‐Future‐ und die daraus hervorgegangene Scientists‐for‐Future‐Bewegung waren das Vorbild für die Chemists for Future. Ihr Ziel: Nachhaltigkeit im Chemiestudium verankern.
Facilitators of person and relationship‐centred care in nursing
Authors: Ryan Tony 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo provide an expert overview on the current state of evidence as it relates to person and relationship‐centred care.DesignReview and commentary.MethodsThe paper was prepared in order to contribute to a Consensus Development Project. It is based upon a scoping review with additional theoretical material used to supplement the narrative. The content is limited to that person and relationship‐centred literature as it relates to nursing practice and policy.ResultsThere is compelling evidence in favour of nurses pursuing person and relationship‐centred policies and practices. Organizational and individual factors contribute to the successful implementation of person and relationship‐centred care. These include conditions that enable nurses to provide high‐quality care (resources, clinical supervision and security) and include training and development, a biographical approach to care and those care environments centred on innovation and person‐centred care processes.
Design of ablation resistant/heat insulation/lightweight integrated thermal protection material for extreme aerothermodynamic environment
Authors: Li Weijie , Wang Tongkai , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhang Jun , Dong Zhichao , Huang Haiming , Liang Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to meet the requirement of the more extreme and severe aerothermodynamic environment faced by the future spacecrafts for high‐speed Earth return missions, novel ablation resistant/heat insulation/lightweight integrated resin matrix composites are designed for the heatshields for these vehicles. Proposing the concept of security zone and heat insulation zone into the novel designs, not only the ablation resistant and heat insulation abilities can be improved, but also the weight of the entire material can be effectively reduced. Simultaneously, a computer modeling is established to evaluate the comprehensive performance of integrated high temperature materials. A variety of material process design parameters is introduced into the model while taking the respective properties of fiber weave and matrix into consideration. Computer codes are written for solving the model based on the numerical method for solving nonlinear equations. Under two typical extreme aerothermodynamic environments faced by future aircrafts, the effects of material process design parameters on the comprehensive performance are analyzed, which includes ablation resistant ability, heat insulation capacity, and lightweight level. Finally, the optimal design scheme of the new integrated resin matrix composite under the specific environment is determined. This work helps to the on‐demand design of new thermal protection materials for extreme entry or reentry environments.
Oxygen‐alloyed poly‐Si passivating contacts for high‐thermal budget c‐Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Yang Guangtao , Han Can , Procel Paul , Zhao Yifeng , Singh Manvika , Mazzarella Luana , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCrystalline silicon solar cells with passivating contacts based on doped poly‐Si exhibit high optical parasitic losses. Aiming at minimizing these losses, we developed the oxygen‐alloyed poly‐Si (poly‐SiOx) as suitable material for passivating contacts. From passivation point of view, poly‐SiOx layers show excellent passivation quality and carrier selectivity for both n‐type (iVOC,flat = 740 mV, contact resistance ρc = 0.7 mΩ/cm2, iVOC,textured = 723 mV) and p‐type (iVOC,flat = 709 mV, ρc = 0.5 mΩ/cm2). Optically, due to the incorporation of oxygen, the absorption coefficient of poly‐SiOx becomes much lower than that of doped poly‐Si at long wavelength. Both n‐type and p‐type poly‐SiOx layers are concurrently deployed in front/back‐contacted (FBC) solar cells with a front indium tin oxide (ITO) layer to facilitate the lateral transport of carriers and minimize cell's reflection. A high cell FF of 83.5% obtained in double‐side flat FBC solar cell indicates an efficient carrier collection by these passivating contacts. An active‐area cell efficiency of 21.0% featuring JSC,EQE = 39.7 mA/cm2 is obtained in front‐side textured poly‐SiOx FBC cell, with the potential of further improvement in both VOC and FF. The optical advantage of poly‐SiOx over poly‐Si as passivating contact is also observed with a 19.7% interdigitated back‐contacted (IBC) solar cell endowed with poly‐SiOx emitter and back surface field. Compared to the reference 23.0% IBC solar cell with poly‐Si passivating contacts, the one based on poly‐SiOx passivating contacts shows higher IQE at wavelengths above 1100 nm. This indicates that for both FBC and IBC cells, poly‐SiOx passivating contacts hold potential in enhancing the cell JSC by maximizing the cell spectral response.
Solar‐NIRT: Identification of PV‐module backsheets in the field with natural sunlight
Authors: Stroyuk Oleksandr , Buerhop‐Lutz Claudia , Hauch Jens , Peters Ian Marius 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReliable and durable solar power plants require PV modules with high‐grade polymer encapsulants and backsheets (BSs). For performance analyses of PV installations fast, reliable and non‐destructive methods for determining composition and degradation state of polymer components need to be developed. Here, we show that the structure of some common polymer BSs can be determined in the field in real time by analyzing near‐infrared transmission (NIRT) spectra collected under illumination with natural sunlight. The potential of this “Solar‐NIRT” method was probed by field measurements on a multi‐MW PV power plant where four major BS types were identified by multispectral cross‐sectional Raman imaging. Additionally, degradation of a particular BS type was found to result in distinct changes in NIRT spectra allowing the degraded BSs to be classified as a separate type. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to a collection of 62 Solar‐NIRT spectra allowed to create a map of five clusters, each corresponding to a particular BS type. The feasibility of using the PCA cluster map for the identification of unknown samples was shown on a test set of 13 different BSs. The Solar‐NIRT is relatively fast, non‐invasive, selective, can be upgraded to a non‐contact regime making it a promising tool for high‐throughput characterization.