bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic collision between a microswimmer and a passive particle in a micro-channel
Authors: Purushothaman Ahana , Thampi Sumesh P. 
Published: February 2021

Hydrodynamic collision is asymmetric – the trajectory of the microswimmer is altered only in an intermediate stage while the passive particle undergoes a three stage displacement with a net displacement towards or away from the microchannel walls.
Evidenz in der infiltrativen Schmerztherapie des Bewegungsapparates
Authors: Hobusch Gerhard M. , Platzgummer Hannes 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch ultraschallgezielte therapeutische Infiltrationen können Wirkstoffe in kleinen Mengen exakt an den anatomischen Ort des Schmerzgeschehens gebracht werden. Einen Überblick über die wissenschaftliche Evidenz unterschiedlicher Infiltrationsverfahren soll dieser Artikel geben.
Erworbener Plattfuß: Diagnose und chirurgische
Behandlung
Authors: Döring Kevin , Vertesich Klemens , Puchner Stephan 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDer erworbene Plattfuß des Erwachsenen präsentiert sich als langsam progrediente
Deformität, die unbehandelt zu quälenden Schmerzen und Einschränkungen der
Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens führen kann. Die Therapiemaßnahmen sind
vielfältig und abhängig von klinischer und radiologischer Präsentation, sodass
für jeden Patienten eine individuelle Versorgung geplant werden muss. Dieser
Beitrag spannt einen Bogen von der Ätiopathogenese über die chirurgische
Therapie bis hin zur postoperativen Mobilisierung und Rehabilitation.
Arthrose – Ursachen und Therapie 2021
Authors: Kurth Andreas A. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Arthrose ist eine chronische Erkrankung, die Gelenke wie Schulter, Hand, Hüfte, Knie und Füße betrifft und erhebliche Schmerzen, zunehmende Behinderung und fortschreitende Knorpeldegeneration verursacht. Die Arthrose tritt häufig bei Erwachsenen im Alter von über 50 Jahren auf und ist weltweit eine der Hauptursachen für Behinderungen. Die degenerativen Veränderungen und chronischen kumulativen Schädigungen der Gelenke umfassen Knorpeldenaturierung und -zerstörung, Sklerose und Zystenbildung des subchondralen Knochens, Osteophytenbildung, Synovialisläsionen sowie Veränderungen der umliegenden Strukturen.Die Inzidenz der Arthrose steigt aufgrund der alternden Bevölkerung und der Zunahme von Adipositas. Aber auch Gelenkfehlstellungen, Verletzungen, Knochenmasse, Muskelmasse und die Genetik sind als Ursachen mittlerweile anerkannt. Die Arthrose hat eine komplexe Pathophysiologie, die bisher nur unvollständig verstanden ist.Zurzeit gibt es viele aktuelle Leitlinien und Konsens zur Diagnose und Behandlung der Arthrose sowohl im In- als auch im Ausland.Da es bisher keine etablierte krankheitsmodifizierende Therapie oder Ansätze der Verhinderung der Arthrose gibt, basieren die Behandlung auf einer Kombination von pharmakologischen und nicht-pharmakologischen Therapien, die die Symptome der Arthrose, vor allem Schmerzen und Funktionsverlust, behandeln können, d.h. Analgetika, nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika und physikalische Therapie.Neben den konventionellen medizinischen und chirurgischen Interventionen gibt es eine zunehmende Anzahl von ‚alternativen‘ Therapien. Diese alternativen Ansätze haben nur eine begrenzte Evidenz und werden aus diesem Grund in aktuellen Leitlinien oft ausgeschlossen. Trotzdem werden gerade diese von vielen Patienten als Nahrungsergänzung eingenommen.
Preparation of Novel 4′-Spirocyclopropyl Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Verhoeven Jonas , Kong Hanchu , Zhao Yongbin , Wang Wenbin , Pande Vineet , Brambilla Marta , Van Hecke Kristof , Meerpoel Lieven , Thuring Jan Willem , Verniest Guido 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe stereoselective preparation of a novel 4′-spirocyclopropyl nucleoside analogue has been developed by using a semibenzilic Favorskii rearrangement of a 4′-(2-chloro-3-oxocyclobutyl)spirofuranose as a key step. These chiral spirocyclic intermediates, readily obtained on a multigram scale from chiral-pool starting materials, were shown to be highly suitable precursors for achieving full stereoselectivity in the reduction–ring contraction sequence. The downstream introduction of a nucleobase through Vorbrüggen glycosylation successfully resulted in the formation of the corresponding novel 4′-spirocyclic nucleoside analogue in a stereospecific manner.
Management of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
Authors: Stotts Matthew J. , Wentworth Brian J. , Northup Patrick G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequently encountered complication in the cirrhosis population, its management can be challenging for even the most experienced clinicians. Multiple factors must be considered with regards to management, including the degree of underlying portal hypertension and liver dysfunction, risks of therapies including anticoagulation and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, and extent of the thrombosis. Interpreting the available literature to determine the best treatment strategy for any individual patient can be especially challenging given the lack of prospective, randomized controlled trials and the heterogeneity of cohorts studied. This review will provide an overview of PVT in the cirrhosis population, including necessary steps in evaluation and the potential benefits and drawbacks of different treatment approaches.
The Connotation of Variances in the Risk Predictors, Medications, Homocysteine, and Homocysteine Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with CVA/Stroke
Authors: Masud Rizwan , Khan Aleem Ul Haq , Anjum Aiman Farogh , Jawwad Ghazala , Azeem Zahid , Baqai Haider Zaigham , Hashmi Shoaib Naiyar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are vascular multifactorial, multigenic ailments with intricate genetic, environmental risk influences. The present study aimed to establish affiliation of CVAs/stroke with blood parameters, differences in prescribed drugs consumption, and with differences in homocysteine pathway genes polymorphisms. The participants in study included controls n = 251, transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients n = 16, and stroke cases n = 122, respectively, (total participants, n = 389). The analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) included C677T(rs1801133), A1298C(rs1801131) of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), A2756G(rs1805087) of methyl tetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase/methionine synthase (MS), and the A192G(rs662) of paraoxonase 1(PON1) genes, all validated by tetra-primer allele refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). The insertion deletion (I/D; rs4646994) polymorphism in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene was analyzed using routine PCR. All studied traits were scrutinized through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and later through regression analysis. Through ANOVA and multiple comparison, there was association of CVA with serum homocysteine, cholesterol, and with diastolic blood pressure readings. When data was subjected to regression, serum homocysteine and diastolic blood pressure (significant through ANOVA), as well as two additional traits, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and rs1801133 MTHFR SNP sustained statistical significance and noteworthy odds in relation to CVA and stroke. The ailments affecting cerebral vasculature are mutifactorial, whereby genes, proteins, and environmental cues all exert cumulative effects enhancing CVA risk. The current study emphasizes that SNPs and variation in circulating biomarkers can be used for screening purposes and for reviewing their effects in stroke/CVA-linked risk progression.
Effectiveness and Safety of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injection Regarding Anatomical Landmarks: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Namazi Hamid , Ghane Amir , Dehghanian Amir Reza , Fereidooni Mehran , Akbarzadeh Armin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injections can be applied using anatomical landmarks or under the guide of ultrasound (US). US is not always available, and the physician may rely on the anatomical landmarks.Objective The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TFCC injection with anatomic landmarks.Methods Forty wrist specimens from cadavers were randomly assigned to four rapid blue stain injection groups as follows: Group A: perpendicular to skin with 5 mm depth; Group B: perpendicular to skin with 10 mm depth; Group C: 45-degree angulation to skin surface, oriented from proximal to distal with 10 mm depth; and Group D: 45-degree angulation to skin surface, oriented from distal to proximal with 10 mm depth. TFCC specimens were excised and evaluated with microscopy, and adjacent neurovascular structures were checked for any injury.Results Injections in group A were more accurate than others, in which 8/10 injections were successful. Group C injections were least accurate in that only 4/10 were successful. The other remaining groups (groups B and D) revealed similar results (5/10 were successful). However, statistical analyses did not show any significant difference (p-value = 0.35). No injury to neurovascular structures was seen.Conclusion Needle placement perpendicular to skin with 5 mm depth and just medial to ulnar styloid can be used as an accurate method of palpation-guided technique for TFCC injections.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Deeply Placed Implant
Authors: Sharma Preetica , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Malik Shefali Singh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFixed prosthetic option is the most accepted treatment desired by the patient in modern times. Malpositioned implant presents a challenge, especially during prosthetic phase. The prosthetic achievement of various complex cases can be done by following appropriate procedure; one of which has been discussed in this report. The use of transmucosal abutment with castable abutment is successful treatment option for complex malposed single dental implant.
Laryngotracheal Stenosis: Clinical Aspects and Management Challenges
Authors: Lahjaouj Meryem , El Bouhmadi Khadija , Oukessou Youssef , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohamed , Mahtar Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLaryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a severe condition with a high morbidity rate, described as the narrowing of the upper airway diameter. The etiology of acquired LTS is dominated by prolonged tracheal intubation. The diagnosis is based on endoscopic examination and computed tomography scan imaging providing an exact analysis of the lesion, with precise measurements.We report a descriptive retrospective review based on the analysis of the medical records of a cohort of 18 patients, treated between January 2015 and January 2018 for an acquired LTS.The results showed predominance in young males. The majority (73%) was hospitalized in a reanimation unit under tracheal intubation while the others (27%) underwent a tracheostomy. The location of the stenosis was tracheal in 69% of the patients, laryngeal in 23%, and laryngotracheal in 8%, and the degree of obstruction exceeded 70% in 11.2%. The endoscopic treatment was based on dilatation and endoluminal calibration by the Montgomery T-tube in 77.7% of our patients, circumferential resection by CO2 laser in 11.1%, and endoscopic posterior cordectomy in 11.1% of the cases. The surgical treatment relied on the resection of the stenosis followed by T-tube calibration in 61.1% of our patients, the resection with a termino-terminal anastomosis in 11%, and supraglottic partial laryngectomy in one patient. The follow-up showed major improvement in the clinical symptomatology, but the biggest challenge in LTS remains the occurrence of restenosis.LTS is a severe condition and needs to be always considered in patients with inspiratory dyspnea and a medical history of tracheal intubation. It requires exhaustive endoscopic and imaging exploration with multidisciplinary management and long-term follow-up to prevent and detect the early signs of an eventual recurrence.
Local translation in nuclear condensate amyloid bodies
Authors: Theodoridis Phaedra R. , Bokros Michael , Marijan Dane , Balukoff Nathan C. , Wang Dazhi , Kirk Chloe C. , Budine Taylor D. , Goldsmith Harris D. , Wang Miling , Audas Timothy E. , Lee Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Significance
The central dogma of eukaryotic biology is clear: DNA replication and RNA transcription occur in the nucleus while protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. While this fundamental tenet of biology is entrenched in textbooks, it has undergone recurring challenges over the decades, most notably the existence of nuclear translation. We report that solid-like condensate amyloid bodies are hubs of stress-resistant local nuclear translation in cells engaging in hypoxic fermentation or responding to high temperature. Conceptually, this paper provides a physiological context for nuclear protein synthesis while highlighting a role for solid-like condensates in coordinating complex biochemical reactions.
Selective modulation of interhemispheric connectivity by transcranial alternating current stimulation influences binaural integration
Authors: Preisig Basil C. , Riecke Lars , Sjerps Matthias J. , Kösem Anne , Kop Benjamin R. , Bramson Bob , Hagoort Peter , Hervais-Adelman Alexis 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceSensory processing depends upon the integration of widely distributed neural assemblies. During every day listening, our ears receive different information (due to interaural time and amplitude differences) and it is known that both hemispheres extract different acoustic features. Nonetheless, acoustic features belonging to the same source become integrated. It has been suggested that the brain overcomes this “binding problem” by synchronization of oscillatory activity across the relevant regions. Here we probe interhemispheric oscillatory synchronization as a mechanism for acoustic feature binding using bihemispheric transcranial alternating current stimulation. Concurrent functional MRI reveals that antiphase stimulation of auditory areas changes effective connectivity between these areas, and that this change in connectivity predicts perceptual integration of dichotic stimuli.
A switch to feeding on cycads generates parallel accelerated evolution of toxin tolerance in two clades ofEumaeuscaterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: Robbins Robert K. , Cong Qian , Zhang Jing , Shen Jinhui , Quer Riera Julia , Murray Debra , Busby Robert C. , Faynel Christophe , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel H. , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceCaterpillars ofEumaeusbutterflies eat toxic plants and are impacted by their toxins. Despite the ancient origins of cycads, the association of cycads andEumaeusis recent. Following a switch to feeding on cycads,Eumaeusevolved cluster egg-laying and conspicuously colored, gregarious caterpillars.Eumaeusthen split into two fast evolving lineages, and we assessed subsequent genomic changes in each. These lineages accumulated changes in the same fast evolving proteins, indicating that evolution took a parallel path in response to the same challenge. Mechanisms of toxin tolerance in these butterflies may include autophagy, removal of damaged cells through phagocytosis, and rapid cell proliferation.
Prolonged anesthesia alters brain synaptic architecture
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Leunig Alexander , Han Shuting , Peterka Darcy S. , Yuste Rafael 
Published: February 2021

Significance
In human patients, prolonged medically induced coma (pMIC) is associated with significant cognitive deficits. Yet, a synapse-level neuromorphological correlate has been demonstrated experimentally only in early life, when the brain is highly plastic. The current notion is that synapses become increasingly stabilized and that MIC has no effect on synaptic dynamics in adulthood. Yet, the longest experimental study of MIC-associated synaptic changes has been only ∼6 h. We established a pMIC experimental protocol in mice and found that pMIC alters synaptic brain architecture and object recognition at all ages. Our results ring an alarm bell to the medical community and call for the development of individually tailored anesthetic regimens and intensified research on adjuvant therapeutic strategies to maintain brain structure and function during pMIC.
Towards a cultural model ofqiin TCM
Authors: Feng Mei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to construct a cultural model ofqiin Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by probing into its conceptual metaphors based on a contextualized semantic analysis ofqiinHuang Di’s Inner Classic(HDIC). It is found that there are eight conceptual metaphors ofqi, each involving experiential correlation between source and target concept. To be specific,cause for effectbuilds up a major metonymic basis for the metaphorical mappings from the source concept ofqi(i.e.,substance) to the target concepts, includingphysiological function, breathing, climate, pathogenic factor, disease/syndrome, odor, property of drugsandtime. It is worth special noting thattimeis understood in terms of the motion ofqiin TCM. The conceptual metaphortime is qiis Chinese culture-specific. On the whole, conceptual metaphors ofqiform a conceptual network and further constitute a cultural model:qias the substance origin of human life is believed in TCM to function by ceaseless motion, giving rise to wellness or illness. This cultural model reflects a pair of inseparable concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy, viz. substance and (its) function, with the former being primary, essential and original, while the latter, secondary, concomitant and derivational.
Between commitment and certainty
Authors: Kwon Iksoo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn accord withVerhagen’s (1996)insights regarding epistemic uses of the predicatorpromise(e.g.,Tomorrowpromisesto be a fine day), this paper identifies another type of these epistemic uses. It focuses on constructional cues in complex-clause utterances of the formI promiseX: whether or not the subject of the embedded clause X is congruent with ‘I’ in the main clause and whether the tense of X is past or non-past. It investigates how it is used epistemically, especially in its colloquial uses; how the constructional cues (the kind of subject and the tense information) influence its construal; and how the different conceptual structures underlying the construals of the commissive and the epistemic modal senses of the construction can be modeled within Mental-spaces theory. It also discusses that the conceptual structures may be differently reified cross-linguistically briefing on the Korean constructsyaksokha-‘(I) promise’ andcangtamha-‘(I) assure’.
In situ scanning–digital image correlation for high-temperature deformation measurement of nickel-based single crystal superalloy
Authors: Xie Hongfu , Wang Jie , Wang Zhen , Zhao Chong , Liang Jiecun , Li Xide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In situ microscopic observation and measurement of deformations for advanced hot-section materials at high-temperature is helpful in understanding their failure mechanisms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a digital image correlation (DIC) method are combined to capture the failure process. This article reports an in situ high-temperature testing system which can heat the specimen up to 1000 °C and provide clear images simultaneously. The Al2O3 nanoscale particles are developed as high-temperature deformation carriers in SEM–DIC, which are suitable for high-temperature samples with significant advantages of stability, high image contrast and without shedding or melting up to 1000 °C. High-temperature tensile and creep properties of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy (NBSCS) at 750 °C were investigated using this system. In addition, a scanning–DIC (S–DIC) method, which avoids errors introduced by conventional DIC methods, was used to calculate full-field dynamic displacement and strain of high-temperature NBSCS samples. Analysis of the strain fields show that the strain concentrations are generally at the positions of crack initiation or propagation, and the creep cracks interact with each other through the strain field. Finally, the crack opening displacement is obtained using the virtual extensometer.
Suppressing the efficiency droop in AlGaN-based UVB LEDs
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Malik Shahzeb , Khan M Ajmal , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of semiconducting aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)-based ultraviolet-B (UVB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are crucial for real-world medical applications such as cancer therapy and immunotherapy. However, the performance of AlGaN-based UVB LED devices is still poor due to the low hole injection efficiency. Therefore, we have numerically investigated the performance of AlGaN-based UVB LEDs for the suppression of efficiency droop as well as for the enhancement of hole injection in the multiquantum wells (MQWs). The influence of the undoped (ud)-AlGaN final quantum barrier (FQB), as well as the Mg-doped multiquantum barrier electron blocking layer (p-MQB EBL), on the efficiency droop has been focused on specifically. To evaluate the performance of the proposed device, we have compared its internal quantum efficiency (IQE), carrier concentration, energy band diagram, and radiative recombination rate with the conventional device structure. Furthermore, the influence of Al composition in the Al-graded p-AlGaN hole source layer (HSL) on the operating voltages of the proposed UVB LEDs was considered. The simulation results suggest that our proposed structure has a high peak efficiency and much lower efficiency droop as compared to the reference structure (conventional). Ultimately, the radiative recombination rate in the MQWs of the proposed UVB LED-N structure has increased up to ∼73%, which is attributed to the enhanced level of electron and hole concentrations by ∼64% and 13%, respectively, in the active region. Finally, a high efficiency droop of up to ∼42% in RLED has been successfully suppressed, to ∼7%, by using the optimized ud-AlGaN FQB and the p-MQB EBL, as well as introducing Al-graded p-AlGaN HSL in the proposed UVB LED-N structure.
Ni and Co synergy in bimetallic nanowires for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Hussain Muhammad , Nisar Amjad , Qian Lizhi , Karim Shafqat , Khan Maaz , Liu Yanguo , Sun Hongyu , Ahmad Mashkoor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of a highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrode catalyst for the detection of a target molecule was remained a great challenge. In this regard, bimetallic nanowires (BMNWs) are considered as promising electrode material for their fascinating physical/chemical properties superior to a single system. In this article, nickel cobalt (Ni
x
–Co) BMNWs with tunable stoichiometry were prepared by a template assisted electrodeposition method and their catalytic performance was investigated for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It has been found that Ni–Co (0.5:1) BMNWs/PC electrode exhibits superior non-enzymatic sensing ability toward H2O2 detection with a high selectivity. The electrode shows fast response within ∼3 s and an excellent reproducible sensitivity of 2211.4 μAmM−1 cm−2, which is the best compared to the individual Ni, Co, Ni–Co (0.3:1) BMNWs and previously reported electrodes. In addition, the electrode shows a linear response in the wide concentration range from 0.005 mM to 9 mM, low detection limit of 0.5 μM (S/N = 3.2) and a relatively long-term storage (50 d). Moreover, the sensor reveals excellent results for H2O2 detection in the real samples. The enhanced sensitivity of the Ni–Co (0.5:1) BMNWs based electrode may be due to the stable structure and synergy of Ni and Co. The results demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the electrode binary catalyst towards H2O2 detection can be improved by adjusting the Ni/Co ratio in BMNWs. The excellent performance of the electrode suggests that Ni–Co BMNWs are promising candidate for the construction of cost-effective electrochemical sensors for medical and industrial applications.