bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor Electrochemistry for Clean Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Zhu Bin , Fan Liangdong , Mushtaq Naveed , Raza Rizwan , Sajid Muhammad , Wu Yan , Lin Wenfeng , Kim Jung-Sik , Lund Peter D. , Yun Sining 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSemiconductors and the associated methodologies applied to electrochemistry have recently grown as an emerging field in energy materials and technologies. For example, semiconductor membranes and heterostructure fuel cells are new technological trend, which differ from the traditional fuel cell electrochemistry principle employing three basic functional components: anode, electrolyte, and cathode. The electrolyte is key to the device performance by providing an ionic charge flow pathway between the anode and cathode while preventing electron passage. In contrast, semiconductors and derived heterostructures with electron (hole) conducting materials have demonstrated to be much better ionic conductors than the conventional ionic electrolytes. The energy band structure and alignment, band bending and built-in electric field are all important elements in this context to realize the necessary fuel cell functionalities. This review further extends to semiconductor-based electrochemical energy conversion and storage, describing their fundamentals and working principles, with the intention of advancing the understanding of the roles of semiconductors and energy bands in electrochemical devices for energy conversion and storage, as well as applications to meet emerging demands widely involved in energy applications, such as photocatalysis/water splitting devices, batteries and solar cells. This review provides new ideas and new solutions to problems beyond the conventional electrochemistry and presents new interdisciplinary approaches to develop clean energy conversion and storage technologies.
Graphic Abstract
The relationship between rumination, depression and self-stigma in hazardous drinkers: an exploratory study
Authors: Vilus Bojana , Perich Tania 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Self-stigma may have an important impact on people living with alcohol use disorders, however, few studies have explored the relationship between rumination and depression on self-stigma for people with hazardous drinking.

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the relationship between rumination, self-stigma and depressive symptomatology for those with hazardous drinking levels and the relationship between these and alcohol use severity.

Method
Participants were recruited online between February and May of 2019 through paid advertising on a page created on Facebook by the researcher. Two hundred and one participants completed the online survey questionnaires, with 114 (56.7%) meeting the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) criteria with a score of 8 or above indicating hazardous drinking.

Results
Step-wise regression analyses found that self-stigma and rumination were significant predictors of alcohol severity. Depression and rumination were found to be significant predictors of self-stigma. At Step 1 only rumination was significant, with this scale significantly predicting 26% of the variance of the internalised stigma.

Conclusion
Although rumination was not a significant predictor of alcohol use severity in this study, it appeared to play an important part in the self-stigma for people engaged in hazardous drinking. More research is needed to determine the mediating factors in this relationship and the impact of these for people with hazardous drinking levels over time.
Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan
Authors: Song Shuhui , Li Cuiping , Kang Lu , Tian Dongmei , Badar Nazish , Ma Wentai , Zhao Shilei , Jiang Xuan , Wang Chun , Sun Yongqiao , Li Wenjie , Lei Meng , Li Shuangli , Qi Qiuhui , Ikram Aamer , Salman Muhammad , Umair Massab , Shireen Huma , Batool Fatima , Zhang Bing , Chen Hua , Yang Yun-Gui , Abbasi Amir Ali , Li Mingkun , Xue Yongbiao , Bao Yiming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has swept globally and Pakistan is no exception. To investigate the initial introductions and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan, we performed the largest genomic epidemiology study of COVID-19 in Pakistan and generated 150 complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from samples collected from March 16 to June 1, 2020. We identified a total of 347 mutated positions, 31 of which were over-represented in Pakistan. Meanwhile, we found over 1000 intra-host single-nucleotide variants (iSNVs). Several of them occurred concurrently, indicating possible interactions among them or coevolution. Some of the high-frequency iSNVs in Pakistan were not observed in the global population, suggesting strong purifying selections. The genomic epidemiology revealed five distinctive spreading clusters. The largest cluster consisted of 74 viruses which were derived from different geographic locations of Pakistan and formed a deep hierarchical structure, indicating an extensive and persistent nation-wide transmission of the virus that was probably attributed to a signature mutation (G8371T in ORF1ab) of this cluster. Furthermore, 28 putative international introductions were identified, several of which are consistent with the epidemiological investigations. In all, this study has inferred the possible pathways of introductions and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan, which could aid ongoing and future viral surveillance and COVID-19 control.
Sign networks: Nucleated network sign languages and rural homesign in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Reed Lauren W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sociodemographic typology of sign languages classifies them based on the characteristics and configurations of their users. When considering homesign and sign languages in rural areas, this typology needs further refinement. Here, I present new concepts to enable this. The study is based on fieldwork with twelve deaf people in Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea, and review of studies worldwide. Sign language communities can be mapped assign networks. Using this mapping, I propose a new typological category for languages with one central deaf user and many fluent hearing signers:nucleated network sign language. I usesign base analysisto determine lexical consistency between unconnected deaf signers in Western Highlands. The high level of consistency among largely unconnected deaf people is explained by aregional sign networkconnecting deaf and hearing signers. This research emphasises the role of both deaf and hearing signers in sign language emergence and maintenance. (Sign languages, social networks, sign networks, typology, homesign, rural sign languages, Papua New Guinea)*
Understanding community perceptions of a natural open space system for urban conservation and stewardship in a metropolitan city in Africa
Authors: Wessels Nadia , Sitas Nadia , Esler Karen J , O’Farrell Patrick 
Published: October 2021

SummaryFew studies have highlighted perceptions of urban natural open space systems: land specifically excluded from development to protect ecosystem services. We used a local metropolitan city in South Africa to explore community perceptions of its natural open space system through individual qualitative interviews (n = 40). The objectives were: (1) to identify ecosystem services and disservices associated with the city’s natural open space system, and the reasons thereof, by exploring the relational values of nature held by a diverse socioeconomic spectrum of urban residents; and (2) to identify priorities for protecting the natural open space system by enhancing the benefits and minimizing ecosystem disservices. Reference to ecosystem services and disservices were coded according to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) categorization of nature’s contribution to people. Non-material services (relational benefits) were impacted by exploitative material uses, access concerns and (mis)management. Challenges and opportunities identified relate to nature as a resource for supporting livelihoods and lifestyles; community outreach and employment opportunities; personal safety, health and aesthetic concerns; and lack of political accountability and municipal planning in terms of the management of natural open spaces. Innovative collaborative management and stewardship interventions with ecological and socioeconomic benefits should be prioritized to protect the natural open space system.
REDD1 is a determinant of low-dose metronomic doxorubicin-elicited endothelial cell dysfunction through downregulation of VEGFR-2/3 expression
Authors: Park Minsik , Kim Joohwan , Kim Taesam , Kim Suji , Park Wonjin , Ha Kwon-Soo , Cho Sung Hwan , Won Moo-Ho , Lee Jeong-Hyung , Kwon Young-Guen , Kim Young-Myeong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLow-dose metronomic chemotherapy (LDMC) inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth by targeting tumor-associated endothelial cells, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the functional role of regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), in LDMC-mediated endothelial cell dysfunction. Low-dose doxorubicin (DOX) treatment induced REDD1 expression in cultured vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells and subsequently repressed the mRNA expression of mTORC1-dependent translation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (Vegfr)-2/3, resulting in the inhibition of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. These regulatory effects of DOX-induced REDD1 expression were additionally confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function studies. Furthermore, LDMC with DOX significantly suppressed tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, growth, and metastasis in B16 melanoma-bearing wild-type but notRedd1-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings indicate that REDD1 is a crucial determinant of LDMC-mediated functional dysregulation of tumor vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells by translational repression ofVegfr-2/3transcripts, supporting the potential therapeutic properties of REDD1 in highly progressive or metastatic tumors.
Association of brain white matter microstructure with cognitive performance in major depressive disorder and healthy controls: a diffusion-tensor imaging study
Authors: Meinert Susanne , Nowack Nico , Grotegerd Dominik , Repple Jonathan , Winter Nils R. , Abheiden Isabel , Enneking Verena , Lemke Hannah , Waltemate Lena , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Schmitt Simon , Meller Tina , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Ringwald Kai , Steinsträter Olaf , Gruber Marius , Nenadić Igor , Krug Axel , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Hahn Tim , Thiel Katharina , Dohm Katharina , Winter Alexandra , Opel Nils , Schubotz Ricarda I. , Kircher Tilo , Dannlowski Udo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCognitive deficits are central attendant symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) with a crucial impact in patients’ everyday life. Thus, it is of particular clinical importance to understand their pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between brain structure and cognitive performance in MDD patients in a well-characterized sample. N = 1007 participants (NMDD = 482, healthy controls (HC): NHC = 525) were selected from the FOR2107 cohort for this diffusion-tensor imaging study employing tract-based spatial statistics. We conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce neuropsychological test results, and to discover underlying factors of cognitive performance in MDD patients. We tested the association between fractional anisotropy (FA) and diagnosis (MDD vs. HC) and cognitive performance factors. The PCA yielded a single general cognitive performance factor that differed significantly between MDD patients and HC (P < 0.001). We found a significant main effect of the general cognitive performance factor in FA (Ptfce-FWE = 0.002) in a large bilateral cluster consisting of widespread frontotemporal-association fibers. In MDD patients this effect was independent of medication intake, the presence of comorbid diagnoses, the number of previous hospitalizations, and depressive symptomatology. This study provides robust evidence that white matter disturbances and cognitive performance seem to be associated. This association was independent of diagnosis, though MDD patients show more pronounced deficits and lower FA values in the global white matter fiber structure. This suggests a more general, rather than the depression-specific neurological basis for cognitive deficits.
Intranasal delivery of replicating mRNA encoding neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice
Authors: Li Jia-Qi , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Zhang Hong-Qing , Zhang Ya-Nan , Zeng Xiang-Yue , Zhang Qiu-Yan , Deng Cheng-Lin , Li Xiao-Dan , Zhang Bo , Ye Han-Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe lung is the prophylaxis target against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and neutralizing antibodies are a leading class of biological products against various infectious viral pathogen. In this study, we develop a safe and cost-effective platform to express neutralizing antibody in the lung with replicating mRNA basing on alphavirus replicon particle (VRP) delivery system, to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. First, a modified VEEV replicon with two subgenomic (sg) promoters was engineered to translate the light and heavy chains of antibody simultaneously, for expression and assembly of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody CB6. Second, the feasibility and protective efficacy of replicating mRNA against SARS-CoV-2 infection were demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. The lung target delivery with the help of VRP system resulted in efficiently block SARS-CoV-2 infection with reducing viral titer and less tissue damage in the lung of mice. Overall, our data suggests that expressing neutralizing antibodies in the lungs with the help of self-replicating mRNA could potentially be a promising prophylaxis approach against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Bottom-up modular synthesis of well-defined oligo(arylfuran)s
Authors: Chen Yang , Shen Pingchuan , Cao Tongxiang , Chen Hao , Zhao Zujin , Zhu Shifa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOligofurans have attracted great attention in the field of materials over the last decades because of their several advantages, such as strong fluorescence, charge delocalization, and increased solubility. Although unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted oligofurans have been well-established, there is an increasing demand for the development of the aryl decorated oligofuran with structural diversity and unrevealed properties. Here, we report the bottom-up modular construction of chemically and structurally well-defined oligo(arylfuran)s by de novo synthesis of α,β′-bifuran monomers and late-stage bromination, stannylation and subsequent coupling reaction. The preliminary study of the photophysical properties demonstrated that the polarity-sensitive fluorescence emission and high quantum yields in THF solution could be achieved by modulating the aryl groups on the oligo(arylfuran)s. These twisted molecules constitute a new class of oligofuran backbone useful for structure−activities relationship studies. Meanwhile, the experimental studies and calculations showed that tetrafurans have appropriate HOMO energy levels, and could therefore potentially be high-performance p-type semiconductors.
Structure of Machupo virus polymerase in complex with matrix protein Z
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhang Shuangyue , Zhang Xinzheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Arenaviridae family includes several viruses that cause severe human hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality, with no effective countermeasures currently available. The arenavirus multi-domain L protein is involved in viral transcription and replication and represents a promising target for antiviral drugs. The arenavirus matrix protein Z is a small multi-functional protein that inhibits the activities of the L protein. Here we report the structure of Machupo virus L protein in complex with Z determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The Z protein acts as a staple and binds the L protein with 1:1 stoichiometry at the intersection between the PA-C-like region, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and PB2-N-like region. Binding of the Z protein may lock the multiple domains of L into a fixed arrangement leading to loss of catalytic activity. These results further our understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of arenavirus replication machinery and provide a novel perspective to develop antiviral drugs.
Principles of synthetic biology
Authors: Garner Kathryn L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In synthetic biology, biological cells and processes are dismantled and reassembled to make novel systems that do useful things. Designs are encoded by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); DNA makes biological (bio-)parts; bioparts are combined to make devices; devices are built into biological systems. Computers are used at all stages of the Design–Build–Test–Learn cycle, from mathematical modelling through to the use of robots for the automation of assembly and experimentation. Synthetic biology applies engineering principles of standardisation, modularity, and abstraction, enabling fast prototyping and the ready exchange of designs between synthetic biologists working around the world. Like toy building blocks, compatible modular designs enable bioparts to be combined and optimised easily; biopart specifications are shared in open registries. Synthetic biology is made possible due to major advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies, and through knowledge gleaned in the field of systems biology. Systems biology aims to understand biology across scales, from the molecular and cellular, up to tissues and organisms, and describes cells as complex information-processing systems. By contrast, synthetic biology seeks to design and build its own systems. Applications of synthetic biology are wide-ranging but include impacting healthcare to improve diagnosis and make better treatments for disease; it seeks to improve the environment by finding novel ways to clean up pollution, make industrial processes for chemical synthesis sustainable, and remove the need for damaging farming practices by making better fertilisers. Synthetic biology has the potential to change the way we live and help us to protect the future of our planet.
Adding power of artificial intelligence to situational awareness of large interconnections dominated by inverter‐based resources
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zhao Yinfeng , Cui Yi , You Shutang , Yu Wenpeng , Liu Shengyuan , Yin He , Chen Chang , Wu Yuru , Qiu Wei , Mandich Mirka , Li Hongyu , Ademola Adedasola , Zhang Chengwen , Zeng Chujie , Jia Xinlan , Wang Weikang , Yuan Haoyu , Jiang Huaiguang , Tan Jin , Liu Yilu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale power systems exhibit more complex dynamics due to the increasing integration of inverter‐based resources (IBRs). Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance the situational awareness capability for better monitoring and control of power grids dominated by IBRs. As a pioneering Wide‐Area Measurement System, FNET/GridEye has developed and implemented various advanced applications based on the collected synchrophasor measurements to enhance the situational awareness capability of large‐scale power grids. This study provides an overview of the latest progress of FNET/GridEye. The sensors, communication, and data servers are upgraded to handle ultra‐high density synchrophasor and point‐on‐wave data to monitor system dynamics with more details. More importantly, several artificial intelligence (AI)‐based advanced applications are introduced, including AI‐based inertia estimation, AI‐based disturbance size and location estimation, AI‐based system stability assessment, and AI‐based data authentication.
A MIMO antenna synthesis algorithm using characteristic modes
Authors: Thackston Kyle A. , Platt Jori , Sievenpiper Daniel F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCharacteristic mode analysis has proven useful in the design of multi‐input multi‐output antennas. By identifying characteristic current modes associated with a conductive structure, the designer can place ports to replicate those current modes, which should generate orthogonal far fields with high isolation from one another. An algorithm that uses characteristic mode analysis is proposed to synthesise multi‐input multi‐output antennas from a conductive structure by determining port placement and excitations without visual inspection. Our algorithm uses a correlation metric to determine the proper excitation from a particular port, and uses a global optimisation algorithm to determine the optimal port placement. Given a particular structure and a domain of possible port locations, our algorithm places ports and generates excitations to synthesise the desired multi‐input multi‐output antenna. Our algorithm is used to synthesise and simulate a simple 3D cell phone model with a metal ground plane, metal rim, and dielectric. The result is an antenna with the desired six isolated channels at 2.5 GHz.
Effects of Half-Time Cooling Using a Fan with Skin Wetting on Thermal
Response During Intermittent Cycling Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Osakabe Jumpei , Kajiki Masanobu , Kondo Kiho , Matsumoto Takaaki , Umemura Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of half-time (HT) break cooling using
a fan and damp sponge on physiological and perceptual responses during the
2nd half of a repeated-sprint exercise in a hot environment.
Eight physically active men performed a familiarization trial and two
experimental trials of a 2×30-min intermittent cycling exercise protocol
with a 15-min HT break in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative
humidity). Two experimental trials were conducted in random order: skin wetting
with a fan (FANwet) and no cooling (CON). During the 2nd
half, a repeated-sprint cycling exercise was performed: i. e.,
5 s of maximal pedaling (body weight×0.075 kp) every
minute, separated by 25 s of unloaded pedaling (80 rpm) and
30 s of rest. Rectal temperature, skin temperature (chest, forearm,
thigh, and calf), heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived
exertion, thermal sensation, and comfort were significantly improved in the
FANwet condition (P<0.05). There was no significant
difference in the repeated-sprint cycling exercise performance between
conditions. The results suggest that skin wetting with a fan during the HT break
is a practical and effective cooling strategy for mitigating physiological and
perceptual strain during the 2nd half in hot conditions.