bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil fingerprint identification technology using a simplified set of biomarkers selected based on principal component difference
Authors: Zhang Lujun , Du Fei , Wang Yan , Li Yingde , Yang Chun , Li Sensen , Huang Xiaodong , Wang Chunyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), which can separate and quantify thousands of individual petroleum biomarker compounds, is generally acknowledged as the most powerful technique for oil fingerprinting nowadays. Traditional oil fingerprint studies employ the whole suite of biomarkers measured in chromatographic analysis, which is prone to introducing ambiguous variables in the whole set and being time and labour intensive. To extract the most representative and meaningful indicators for the oil fingerprinting and identification, this paper proposes a method based on principal component difference to select a simplified set of biomarkers, providing the possibility of faster elution and analysis procedures. For the purpose of further verifying the reliability and accuracy of our method, identification simulation experiments including principal component analysis (PCA) spatial clustering, hierarchical clustering, and generalized regression neural network are carried out with the whole set and the simplified set of biomarkers, respectively. All the results and analyses demonstrate that the simplified set of biomarkers selected by our proposed method can achieve almost the same or even better identification results than those of the whole set of biomarkers.
Microfluidic synthesis of platinum nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, and carbon for PEM fuel cells
Authors: Suryawanshi Prashant L. , Gumfekar Sarang P. , Sonawane Shirish H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) nanoparticles on various supports, such as commercial carbon powder, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), were synthesized using a continuous flow microfluidic system. First, the support materials were separately synthesized using the sonochemical technique followed by the loading of Pt. The Pt nanoparticles on different supports were characterized using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) for surface area and porosity analysis; X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for structural confirmation; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition; and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphological investigation. Further, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells were fabricated using the Pt nanoparticles on different supports, and cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and power density were performed. Among the three electrocatalysts, Pt/rGO showed the highest electrochemical performance. Pt/rGO showed higher specific activity (119 mA/cm2), mass activity (238 mA/mg), current density (1274 mA/cm2), and power density (497 mW/cm2). We also determined the mass activity and specific activity of the electrocatalysts based on the electrochemical data. This work shows the potential of the microfluidic system to continuously synthesize the technologically important nanomaterials and their application for energy conversion devices.
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Cumulative meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Qiuping , Huang Jianguo , Zhu Ke , Chen Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious meta‐analyses showed that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has lower all‐cause mortality than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the management of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the long‐term outcomes were not analyzed thoroughly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To perform a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore the long‐term effectiveness between CABG and PCI in patients with T2DM and study the temporal trends using a cumulative meta‐analysis. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Clinical Trials Registry for eligible RCTs published up to September 2020. The outcomes were all‐cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. Nine RCTs and 4566 patients were included. CABG resulted in better outcomes than PCI in terms of all‐cause death (RR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.22–1.63, p < 0.001), cardiac death (RR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.25–1.95, p < 0.001), and repeat revascularization (RR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.86–3.85, p < 0.001), but with difference regarding the occurrence of myocardial infarction (RR = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.78–1.85, p = 0.414), while PCI was associated with better outcomes in terms of stroke occurrence (RR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.34–0.77, p = 0.001). The cumulative meta‐analysis for all‐cause death showed that the differences between CABG and PCI started to be significant at 3 years of follow‐up, while the difference became significant at 5 years for cardiac death. In patients with CHD and T2DM, CABG results in better outcomes than PCI in terms of all‐cause death, cardiac mortality, and repeat revascularization, while PCI had better outcomes in terms of stroke. The differences are mainly observed over the long‐term follow‐up.
A case report of prostate cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis
Authors: Dehghani Mansoureh , PeyroShabany Babak , Shahraini Ramin , Fazilat‐Panah Danial , Hashemi Fateme , Welsh James S. , Javadinia Seyed Alireza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in men. However, leptomeningeal involvement by prostate carcinoma is a rare event.CaseHere, we report a 69‐year‐old patient with castration‐resistant metastatic prostate cancer who presented with headache and ataxia. Brain MRI revealed a huge invasive interaxial mass at right occipital lobe with diffuse thickening and enhancement of meninges, the arachnoid, and the pia mater, and he was diagnosed with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The patient received whole brain radiotherapy.ConclusionDespite the fact that brain and leptomeningeal metastases are not very common in patients with prostate cancer, signs and symptoms of nervous system disorders should be assessed carefully, and consideration of such unusual metastases must be considered.
Diboron Bonds Between BX3 (X=H, F, CH3) and BYZ2 (Y=H, F; Z=CO, N2, CNH)
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Li Qingzhong , Scheiner Steve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ability of B atoms on two different molecules to engage with one another in a noncovalent diboron bond is studied by ab initio calculations. Due to electron donation from its substituents, the trivalent B atom of BYZ2 (Z=CO, N2, and CNH; Y=H and F) has the ability to in turn donate charge to the B of a BX3 molecule (X=H, F, and CH3), thus forming a B⋅⋅⋅B diboron bond. These bonds are of two different strengths and character. BH(CO)2 and BH(CNH)2, and their fluorosubstituted analogues BF(CO)2 and BF(CNH)2, engage in a typical noncovalent bond with B(CH3)3 and BF3, with interaction energies in the 3–8 kcal/mol range. Certain other combinations result in a much stronger diboron bond, in the 26–44 kcal/mol range, and with a high degree of covalent character. Bonds of this type occur when BH3 is added to BH(CO)2, BH(CNH)2, BH(N2)2, and BF(CO)2, or in the complexes of BH(N2)2 with B(CH3)3 and BF3. The weaker noncovalent bonds are held together by roughly equal electrostatic and dispersion components, complemented by smaller polarization energy, while polarization is primarily responsible for the stronger ones.
Microsampling: A role to play in Covid‐19 diagnosis, surveillance, treatment and clinical trials
Authors: Rajadhyaksha Madhura , Londhe Vaishali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of the new coronavirus disease changed the world upside down. Every day, millions of people were subjected to diagnostic testing for Covid‐19, all over the world. Molecular tests helped in the diagnosis of current infection by detecting the presence of viral genome whereas serological tests helped in detecting the presence of antibody in blood as well as contributed to vaccine development. This testing helped in understanding the immunogenicity, community prevalence, geographical spread and conditions post‐infection. However, with the contagious nature of the virus, biological specimen sampling involved the risk of transmission and spread of infection. Clinic or pathology visit was the most concerning part. Trained personnel and resources was another barrier. In this scenario, microsampling played an important role due to its most important advantage of remote, contactless, small volume and self‐sampling. Minimum requirements for sample storage and ease of shipment added value in this situation. The highly sensitive instruments and validated assay formats assured the accuracy of results and stability of samples. Microsampling techniques are contributing effectively to the Covid‐19 pandemic by reducing the demand for clinical staff in population‐level testing. The validated and established applications supported the use of microsampling in diagnosis, therapeutic drug monitoring, development of treatment or vaccines and clinical trials for Covid‐19.
The underlying causes and effects of phytoplankton seasonal turnover on resource use efficiency in freshwater lakes
Authors: Zhang Min , Shi Xiaoli , Chen Feizhou , Yang Zhen , Yu Yang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe extent of intra‐annual turnover in phytoplankton communities is directly associated with the overall diversity. However, our understanding of the underlying causes and effects of intra‐annual turnover remains limited. In this study, we performed a two‐season investigation of the phytoplankton composition in the lakes of the Yangtze River catchment in China in spring and summer 2012, which covered a regional spatial scale. We analyzed the Sørensen pairwise dissimilarity (βsor) between the two seasons, their driving factors, and effects on resource use efficiency in phytoplankton. The results showed that the changes in phytoplankton composition from spring to summer were not synchronous among these lakes. The spatial environmental characteristics, temporal changes in environmental variables and the initial phytoplankton composition together explained the variation in βsor for phytoplankton, and their explanatory powers and primary driving variables depended on the phytoplankton taxonomic groups. Among the driving variables, increased nitrogen level and seasonal temperature difference will promote spring–summer community turnover and then improve the phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton community. The species diversity of the initial community might increase its stability and slow the spring–summer shift in phytoplankton, especially in cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. Our study highlights the understanding of the patterns and underlying causes of temporal beta diversity in freshwater phytoplankton communities.
Historical and social–cultural processes as drivers for genetic structure in Nordic domestic reindeer
Authors: Røed Knut H. , Kvie Kjersti S. , Bårdsen Bård‐J. , Laaksonen Sauli , Lohi Hannes , Kumpula Jouko , Aronsson Kjell‐Å. , Åhman Birgitta , Våge Jørn , Holand Øystein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have analyzed DNA microsatellites and the mitochondrial control region in reindeer from 31 different husbandry areas in Norway, Sweden, and Finland in order to better understand the processes that underlie the genetic variability of the Nordic domestic herds. The distinct differentiation found in the nuclear markers but less so in the mitochondrial marker gives evidence of an origin from a common ancestral population which later evolved into the two main gene pools characterizing the nuclear genomes of domestic reindeer in Finland and most of Sweden and Norway. Analyses of temporal trends in effective population size give evidence of a rapid increase in number of reindeer before the population growth associated with the pastoral transition. This implies that the ancestry of contemporary domestic reindeer lay among a rapidly growing wild population possibly located in the boreal areas of eastern Fennoscandia or European Russia. The evolution of reindeer husbandry in Finland, perhaps with input from European Russia, which later spread to northern Norway could explain the shared genomic pattern observed in these areas today. The structured selection of productive female‐centered herds may explain the genetic structure in other parts of Norway and in Sweden. The further substructuring of the Swedish/ Norwegian gene pool appears to follow the traditional language borders with the South Sámi language dominating the southern and the Central Sámi language in the more northern genetic subclusters. This suggests that traditional knowledge, cultural identities, and herd migrations have contributed to shape the genetic structure seen today. Ecological gradients are more pronounced within as compared to between the genetic clusters, giving further evidence that historical and social–cultural processes are important drivers for the genetic differentiations found in domestic reindeer across the Nordic countries.
Biogeography and predictors of wildlife killed on roads at peninsular Florida State Parks
Authors: Jenkins David G. , Ohyama Leo , López‐Borghesi Federico , Hart Jacob D. , Bogotá‐Gregory Juan D. , Rautsaw Rhett M. , Roldán Vanessa Correa , Guilfoyle Kevin , Jarvis Anik , Loch Jennifer , Mercier Kathryn , Myers Olivia , Shaw Rachel , Volk Daniel , Bard Alice M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWildlife‐vehicle collisions (WVCs) are a major source of wildlife mortality and should affect regional wildlife diversity and abundance, yet most WVC studies are locally scaled. Here, we evaluated biogeographic diversity (i.e., species richness, effective diversity) and abundance of WVCs at state parks across the Florida peninsula to answer two questions aimed to help inform wildlife conservation efforts: which parks have greatest WVC diversity, and why? We processed and compiled 9,254 WVC survey records collected by Florida State Parks personnel at 42 parks during a decade (2005–2015). Data for birds (138 species), mammals (35 species), reptiles (64 species), and all taxa combined were analyzed for patterns among parks (for the first question) and for biogeographic, climatic, ecoregion, and anthropogenic predictors of those patterns (for the second). Predictors represented nonexclusive alternative a priori hypotheses and were evaluated by model comparison. Parks differed widely in WVC diversity and abundance; we identify “hot spot” parks where management may most effectively reduce WVCs. Biogeographic and anthropogenic hypotheses were supported, but climatic and ecoregion hypotheses were not. Models for overall diversity fit data better (R2s > 0.50) than did models for specific taxa (e.g., birds). Larger parks closer to Florida's highly populated Atlantic Coast and with greater park attendance and perhaps faster speeds on adjacent roads have more WVC diversity and numbers. Of these predictors, attendance and speed limits are manageable. Traffic management in and near‐identified “hot spot” parks in Florida can most effectively reduce WVC effects on wildlife populations and diversity amidst a growing human population.
Legacy of pre‐eruption vegetation affects ground‐dwelling arthropod communities after different types of volcanic disturbance
Authors: Iida Kyohei , Hayasaka Daisuke , Suzuki Yuya , Uchida Taizo , Sawahata Takuo , Hashimoto Koya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVolcanic eruptions are one of the largest natural disturbances and are followed by the establishment of novel plant and animal communities in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of pre‐eruption vegetation in the establishment of arthropod communities after volcanic disturbances is currently unknown. Here, we asked whether the legacy of pre‐eruption vegetation mediates the community structure of ground‐dwelling arthropods after volcanic disturbances. The 2015 eruption in Kuchinoerabu‐jima Island, southwest Japan, caused two types of disturbances [a pyroclastic flow and a lahar (i.e., mudflow)] in three types of forests (broad‐leaved, black pine, and cedar). We hypothesized that pre‐eruption vegetation would influence the community structure of ground‐dwelling arthropods after the disturbance, and we expected that these effects from vegetation would be more prevalent for the less severe disturbances. The total abundance of ground‐dwelling arthropods decreased more in the lahar than the pyroclastic flow, and arthropod species composition showed a greater change after the lahar. These findings suggest that the lahar disturbance was more severe than the pyroclastic disturbance. Contrary to expectations, the difference in the arthropod species composition among the vegetation types was greatest after the lahar. After the pyroclastic flow, leaf litter remained to some degree with all the vegetation types. After the lahar disturbance, however, although the litter in the cedar forests remained, the litter disappeared completely from broad‐leaved and black pine forests. The disappearance of litter from these two forest types after the lahar may be responsible for the greater difference in arthropod species composition among the vegetation types. This study shows that the legacy effects of pre‐eruption vegetation on terrestrial arthropod communities after volcanic disturbance were different depending on the type of disturbance. Focusing on the role of pre‐eruption biotic factors would contribute to a better understanding of the recovery processes of terrestrial ecosystems after large natural disturbances.
Considering Pleistocene North American wolves and coyotes in the eastern Canis origin story
Authors: Wilson Paul J. , Rutledge Linda Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe evolutionary origins and hybridization patterns of Canis species in North America have been hotly debated for the past 30 years. Disentangling ancestry and timing of hybridization in Great Lakes wolves, eastern Canadian wolves, red wolves, and eastern coyotes are most often partitioned into a 2‐species model that assigns all ancestry to gray wolves and/or coyotes, and a 3‐species model that includes a third, North American evolved eastern wolf genome. The proposed models address recent or sometimes late Holocene hybridization events but have largely ignored potential Pleistocene era progenitors and opportunities for hybridization that may have impacted the current mixed genomes in eastern Canada and the United States. Here, we re‐analyze contemporary and ancient mitochondrial DNA genomes with Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to more accurately estimate divergence dates among lineages. We combine that with a review of the literature on Late Pleistocene Canis distributions to: (a) identify potential Pleistocene progenitors to southern North American gray wolves and eastern wolves; and (b) illuminate opportunities for ancient hybridization events. Specifically, we propose that Beringian gray wolves (C. lupus) and extinct large wolf‐like coyotes (C. latrans orcutti) are likely progenitors to Mexican and Plains gray wolves and eastern wolves, respectively, and may represent a potentially unrecognized source of introgressed genomic variation within contemporary Canis genomes. These events speak to the potential origins of contemporary genomes and provide a new perspective on Canis ancestry, but do not negate current conservation priorities of dwindling wolf populations with unique genomic signatures and key ecologically critical roles.
Impact of Olive Harvesting Date on Virgin Olive Oil Volatile Composition in Four Spanish Varieties
Authors: Caporaso Nicola , Genovese Alessandro , Pérez‐Jiménez Maria Angeles , Olivero‐David Raul , Sacchi Raffaele 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe unique sensory characteristics of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) depend upon its volatile composition. This work investigates the impact of olive fruit harvesting time and growing location on the volatile composition of the obtained EVOO, on four typical Spanish olive varieties (Cornicabra, Picual, Castellana, Manzanilla Cacereña). Several growing locations within the Madrid region (Spain) are studied to assess the natural variability attributed to the environmental factors. Aroma compounds are analyzed by solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas‐chromatography and mass spectrometry, and sensory analysis. A considerable different behavior is observed depending on the olive variety and ripening stage. Statistically significant differences are obtained for volatile compounds biosynthesized from the lipoxygenase pathway and other fatty acid metabolism routes, which results in significant differences in their aroma profiles.Practical applications: These results have practical applicability for the olive oil industry and regulatory bodies. For example, for protected designation of origin EVOOs the aroma profile needs to be consistent over different production lots. The outcome of this research is of interest to the olive oil industry to get a better insight into the expected variability and interactions among cultivars, small pedoclimatic differences within the same broader area, and the harvesting date on the sensory and volatile profile of the resulting EVOO.
syn‐Selective Michael Reaction of α‐Branched Aryl Acetaldehydes with Nitroolefins Promoted by Squaric Amino Acid Derived Bifunctional Brønsted Bases
Authors: García‐Urricelqui Ane , de Cózar Abel , Campano Teresa E. , Mielgo Antonia , Palomo Claudio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHere we describe a direct access to 2,2,3‐trisubstituted syn γ‐nitroaldehydes by addition of α‐branched aryl acetaldehydes to nitroolefins promoted by a cinchona based squaric acid‐derived amino acid peptide. Different α‐methyl arylacetaldehydes react with β‐aromatic and β‐alkyl nitroolefins to afford the Michael adducts in high enantioselectivity and syn‐selectivity. NMR experiments and DFT calculations predict the reaction to occur through the intermediacy of E‐enolate. The interaction between the substrates and the catalyst follows Pápai's model, wherein an intramolecular H‐bond interaction in the catalyst between the NH group of one of the tert‐leucines and the squaramide oxygen seems to be key for discrimination of the corresponding reaction transition states.
Copper‐Catalyzed C−P Cross‐Coupling of (Cyclo)alkenyl/Aryl Bromides and Secondary Phosphine Oxides with in situ Halogen Exchange
Authors: Woźnicki Paweł , Stankevič Marek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn efficient protocol for concurrent tandem halogen exchange/C−P cross‐coupling of cycloalkenyl bromides and secondary phosphine oxides has been developed. The catalytic system is based on cheap and air‐stable copper(I) iodide as the precatalyst, commercially available N,N’‐dimethylethylenediamine as the ligand, and Cs2CO3 or K2CO3 as the base. The use of sodium iodide as an additive reduces the excessive use of organic bromides to near‐stoichiometric by promoting the in situ transformation to the corresponding iodides. Diarylphosphine oxides undergo cycloalkenylation with 35–99 % yields and dicyclohexylphosphine oxide with 30–53 % yields. In the case of acyclic alkenyl bromides the cross‐coupling products undergo conjugate addition of diphenylphosphine oxide and satisfying yields are observed only for internal olefins. In the case of aryl bromides satisfying yields (43–72 %) are observed only for sterically unhindered arenes or arenes possessing an ortho‐directing group. Cycloalkenylphosphine oxides prepared in the cross‐coupling reaction undergo base‐catalyzed and base‐promoted conjugate addition to give bis(phosphinoyl)cycloalkanes.