bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in attentional lapses are associated with fiber‐specific white matter microstructure in healthy adults
Authors: Clemente Adam , Domínguez D Juan F. , Imms Phoebe , Burmester Alex , Dhollander Thijs , Wilson Peter H. , Poudel Govinda , Caeyenberghs Karen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAttentional lapses interfere with goal‐directed behaviors, which may result in harmless (e.g., not hearing instructions) or severe (e.g., fatal car accident) consequences. Task‐related functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown a link between attentional lapses and activity in the frontoparietal network. Activity in this network is likely to be mediated by the organization of the white matter fiber pathways that connect the regions implicated in the network, such as the superior longitudinal fasciculus I (SLF‐I). In the present study, we investigate the relationship between susceptibility to attentional lapses and relevant white matter pathways in 36 healthy adults (23 females, Mage = 31.56 years). Participants underwent a diffusion MRI (dMRI) scan and completed the global–local task to measure attentional lapses, similar to previous fMRI studies. Applying the fixel‐based analysis framework for fiber‐specific analysis of dMRI data, we investigated the association between attentional lapses and variability in microstructural fiber density (FD) and macrostructural (morphological) fiber‐bundle cross section (FC) in the SLF‐I. Our results revealed a significant negative association between higher total number of attentional lapses and lower FD in the left SLF‐I. This finding indicates that the variation in the microstructure of a key frontoparietal white matter tract is associated with attentional lapses and may provide a trait‐like biomarker in the general population. However, SLF‐I microstructure alone does not explain propensity for attentional lapses, as other factors such as sleep deprivation or underlying psychological conditions (e.g., sleep disorders) may also lead to higher susceptibility in both healthy people and those with neurological disorders.
Exclusion, subset realization, and part‐whole relations
Authors: Zhang Wenjun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe subset realization view proposes to solve the causal exclusion problem of non‐reductive mental instances by taking the mental instance as a part of its physical realizer. Many philosophers have argued that such a part‐whole relation will undermine physicalist realization because parts are ontologically prior to their wholes and the subset view is thus flawed. I argue that the relation that the subset view should propose is different from the ordinary part‐whole relation. What they should propose is another kind of part‐whole relation under which parts are posterior to wholes. So, the subset view is not flawed in the aforementioned aspect. But discussion of the new part‐whole relation reveals that the subset view is in lack of a crucial argument against the exclusion reasoning, thus cannot solve the exclusion problem. Adopting the principle of causal proportionality (a route subset realizationists sometimes take) will not help the subset view either. So, my conclusion is, the subset view is yet to find a way to solve the exclusion problem.
Dual roles of granzyme B
Authors: Wang Huiling , Huang Yong , He Jian , Zhong Liping , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGranzyme B (GZMB) was first identified as a factor that could eliminate cells such as tumour cells and bacteria/virus‐infected cells. However, comprehensive studies conducted on GZMB have gradually revealed the negative extracellular functions of GZMB; for example, it is an aetiology and a factor responsible for the aggravation of several diseases. This review focuses on the positive role of GZMB (in the elimination of tumour cells, bacteria, parasites and viruses, and in the identification, diagnosis and treatment of diseases) and the negative effects of GZMB (with regard to extracellular function and other characteristics). The current research on GZMB inhibitors has been briefly introduced, and few studies on GZMB fusion proteins and several GZMB material delivery systems have been discussed.
Impact of the use of hydroxyethyl starch in granulocyte apheresis using Spectra Optia
Authors: Yoshihara Satoshi , Ikemoto Junko , Onomoto Hitomi , Sugiyama Hiroki , Okuda Noriko , Fukunaga Keiko , Yoshihara Kyoko , Kaida Katsuji , Ikegame Kazuhiro , Tamaki Hiroya , Okada Masaya , Osugi Yuko , Yamahara Kenichi , Higasa Satoshi , Fujimori Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the impact of the use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in granulocyte apheresis using Spectra Optia.BackgroundGranulocyte transfusion (GT) is a therapeutic option for neutropenic patients with severe bacterial or fungal infections. Recent studies in emergency medicine have shown the potential risk of using HES, which is routinely used in granulocyte apheresis to increase yield by sedimenting red blood cells. We hypothesized that the use of a newer device (Spectra Optia) would spare the need for HES.MethodsWe retrospectively compared granulocyte apheresis with HES (HES group, n = 89) and without HES (non‐HES group, n = 36) using Spectra Optia.ResultsThe granulocyte yield was significantly higher in the HES group (7.3 × 1010 vs. 2.0 × 10, p < 0.01) and was attributed to the difference in collection efficiency (36% vs. 7.7%, p < 0.01). The absolute neutrophil count on the following morning of GT was significantly higher in the HES group than in the non‐HES group (2460/μl vs. 505/μl, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of adverse events between the HES and non‐HES groups. The renal function was unchanged in both groups after apheresis.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the advantage of using HES remained unchanged in granulocyte apheresis using Spectra Optia.
Integration of Machine Learning and Computational Fluid Dynamics to Develop Turbulence Models for Improved Low-Pressure Turbine Wake Mixing Prediction
Authors: Akolekar Harshal D. , Zhao Yaomin , Sandberg Richard D. , Pacciani Roberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the development of accurate turbulence closures for low-pressure turbine (LPT) wake mixing prediction by integrating a machine-learning approach based on gene expression programming (GEP), with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In order to further improve the performance and robustness of GEP-based data-driven closures, the fitness of models is evaluated by running RANS calculations in an integrated way, instead of an algebraic function. Using a canonical turbine wake with inlet conditions prescribed based on high-fidelity data of the T106A cascade, we demonstrate that the “CFD-driven” machine-learning approach produces physically correct non-linear turbulence closures, i.e., predict the right down-stream wake development and maintain an accurate peak wake loss throughout the domain. We then extend our analysis to full turbine blade cases and show that the model development is sensitive to the training region due to the presence of deterministic unsteadiness in the near-wake. Models developed including the near-wake have artificially large diffusion coefficients to over-compensate for the vortex shedding steady RANS cannot capture. In contrast, excluding the near-wake in the model development produces the correct physical model behavior, but predictive accuracy in the near-wake remains unsatisfactory. This can be remedied by using the physically consistent models in unsteady RANS. Overall, the “CFD-driven” models were found to be robust and capture the correct physical wake mixing behavior across different LPT operating conditions and airfoils such as T106C and PakB.
Effects of Temperature on the Meiotic Recombination Landscape of the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wu Xue-Chang , Zheng Dao-Qiong , Petes Thomas D. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Although meiosis in warm-blooded organisms takes place in a narrow temperature range, meiosis in many organisms occurs over a wide variety of temperatures. We analyzed the properties of meiosis in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
in cells sporulated at 14°C, 30°C, or 37°C. Using comparative-genomic-hybridization microarrays, we examined the distribution of Spo11-generated meiosis-specific double-stranded DNA breaks throughout the genome. Although there were between 300 and 400 regions of the genome with high levels of recombination (hot spots) observed at each temperature, only about 20% of these hot spots were found to have occurred independently of the temperature. In
S. cerevisiae
, regions near the telomeres and centromeres tend to have low levels of meiotic recombination. This tendency was observed in cells sporulated at 14°C and 30°C, but not at 37°C. Thus, the temperature of sporulation in yeast affects some global property of chromosome structure relevant to meiotic recombination. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific whole-genome microarrays, we also examined crossovers and their associated gene conversion events as well as gene conversion events that were unassociated with crossovers in all four spores of tetrads obtained by sporulation of diploids at 14°C, 30°C, or 37°C. Although tetrads from cells sporulated at 30°C had slightly (20%) more crossovers than those derived from cells sporulated at the other two temperatures, spore viability was good at all three temperatures. Thus, despite temperature-induced variation in the genetic maps, yeast cells produce viable haploid products at a wide variety of sporulation temperatures.

IMPORTANCE
In the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, recombination is usually studied in cells that undergo meiosis at 25°C or 30°C. In a genome-wide analysis, we showed that the locations of genomic regions with high and low levels of meiotic recombination (hot spots and cold spots, respectively) differed dramatically in cells sporulated at 14°C, 30°C, and 37°C. Thus, in yeast, and likely in other non-warm-blooded organisms, genetic maps are strongly affected by the environment.
Studies of Spectral Broadening of the Lower Hybrid Wave Line in the Current-Drive Regimes and Ion Heating at the FT-2 Tokamak
Authors: Dyachenko V. V. , Altukhov A. B. , Gusakov E. Z. , Esipov L. A. , Konovalov A. N. , Lashkul S. I. , Stepanov A. Yu. , Shatalin S. V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The experiments at the FT-2 tokamak are described that were focused on clearing up the role of the parametric decay instabilities in decreasing the generation efficiency of the non-inductive current excited by the electromagnetic waves in the lower hybrid frequency range. The most discussed instability of such kind is the decay of the pump wave into the daughter high-frequency waves and the low-frequency ion–acoustic quasi-modes. The studies performed have shown that, under conditions of the FT-2 experiment, the ion–acoustic instability has no decisive effect on the decrease in the efficiency of the lower hybrid current drive.
Bridging the gap: aligning economic research with disease burden
Authors: Do Lauren A , Synnott Patricia G , Ma Siyu , Ollendorf Daniel A 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is critical for identifying high-value interventions that address significant unmet need. This study examines whether CEA study volume is proportionate to the burden associated with 21 major disease categories.MethodsWe searched the Tufts Medical Center CEA and Global Health CEA Registries for studies published between 2010 and 2019 that measured cost per quality-adjusted life-year or cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). Stratified by geographical region and country income level, the relationship between literature volume and disease burden (as measured by 2019 Global Burden of Disease estimates of population DALYs) was analysed using ordinary least squares linear regression. Additionally, the number of CEAs per intervention deemed ‘essential’ for universal health coverage by the Disease Control Priorities Network was assessed to evaluate how many interventions are supported by cost-effectiveness evidence.ResultsThe results located below the regression line but with relatively high burden suggested disease areas that were ‘understudied’ compared with expected study volume. Understudied disease areas varied by region. Higher-income and upper-middle-income country (HUMIC) CEA volume for non-communicable diseases (eg, mental/behavioural disorders) was 100-fold higher than that in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). LLMIC study volume remained concentrated in HIV/AIDS as well as other communicable and neglected tropical diseases. Across 60 essential interventions, only 33 had any supporting CEA evidence, and only 21 had a decision context involving a low-income or middle-income country. With the exception of one intervention, available CEA evidence revealed the 21 interventions to be cost-effective, with base-case findings less than three times the GDP per capita.ConclusionOur analysis highlights disease areas that require significant policy attention. Research gaps for highly prevalent, lethal or disabling diseases, as well as essential interventions may be stifling potential efficiency gains. Large research disparities between HUMICs and LLMICs suggest funding opportunities for improving allocative efficiency in LLMIC health systems.
Research on Mount Wilson Magnetic Classification Based on Deep Learning
Authors: He Yuanbo , Yang Yunfei , Bai Xianyong , Feng Song , Liang Bo , Dai Wei 
Published: June 2021

The Mount Wilson magnetic classification of sunspot groups is thought to be meaningful to forecast flares’ eruptions. In this paper, we adopt a deep learning method, CornerNet-Saccade, to perform the Mount Wilson magnetic classification of sunspot groups. It includes three stages, generating object locations, detecting objects, and merging detections. The key technologies consist of the backbone as Hourglass-54, the attention mechanism, and the key points’ mechanism including the top-left corners and the bottom-right corners of the object by corner pooling layers. These technologies improve the efficiency of detecting the objects without sacrificing accuracy. A dataset is built by a total of 2486 composited images which are composited with the continuum images and the corresponding magnetograms from HMI and MDI. After training the network, the sunspot groups in a composited solar full image are detected and classified in 3 seconds on average. The test results show that this method has a good performance, with the accuracy, precision, recall, and mAP as 0.94, 0.93, 0.94, and 0.90, respectively. Moreover, the flare productivities of different types of sunspot groups from 2011 to 2020 are calculated. As

I

tot

≥

1, the flare productivities of

α
,
β
,
β
γ
,
β
δ

, and

β
γ
δ

sunspot groups are 0.14, 0.28, 0.61, 0.71, and 0.87, respectively. As

I

tot

≥

10, the flare productivities are 0.02, 0.07, 0.27, 0.45, and 0.65, respectively. It means that the

β
γ
,
β
δ

, and

β
γ
δ

types are indeed very closely related to the eruption of solar flares, especially the

β
γ
δ

type. Based on the reliability of this method, the sunspot groups of the HMI solar full images from 2011 to 2020 are detected and classified, and the detailed data are shared on the website (https://61.166.157.71/MWMCSG.html).
Dual Covalent Inhibition of PKM and IMPDH Targets Metabolism in Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Zerhouni Marwa , Martin Anthony R. , Furstoss Nathan , Gutierrez Vincent S. , Jaune Emilie , Tekaya Nedra , Beranger Guillaume E. , Abbe Patricia , Regazzetti Claire , Amdouni Hella , Driowya Mohsine , Dubreuil Patrice , Luciano Frédéric , Jacquel Arnaud , Tulic Meri K. , Cluzeau Thomas , O'Hara Brendan P. , Ben-Sahra Issam , Passeron Thierry , Benhida Rachid , Robert Guillaume , Auberger Patrick , Rocchi Stéphane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Overcoming acquired drug resistance is a primary challenge in cancer treatment. Notably, more than 50% of patients with BRAFV600E cutaneous metastatic melanoma (CMM) eventually develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Resistant cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that profoundly influences therapeutic response and promotes tumor progression. Uncovering metabolic vulnerabilities could help suppress CMM tumor growth and overcome drug resistance. Here we identified a drug, HA344, that concomitantly targets two distinct metabolic hubs in cancer cells. HA344 inhibited the final and rate-limiting step of glycolysis through its covalent binding to the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) enzyme, and it concurrently blocked the activity of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo guanylate synthesis. As a consequence, HA344 efficiently targeted vemurafenib-sensitive and vemurafenib-resistant CMM cells and impaired CMM xenograft tumor growth in mice. In addition, HA344 acted synergistically with BRAF inhibitors on CMM cell lines in vitro. Thus, the mechanism of action of HA344 provides potential therapeutic avenues for patients with CMM and a broad range of different cancers.

Significance:
Glycolytic and purine synthesis pathways are often deregulated in therapy-resistant tumors and can be targeted by the covalent inhibitor described in this study, suggesting its broad application for overcoming resistance in cancer.
Lymphatic PD-L1 Expression Restricts Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-cell Responses
Authors: Cousin Nikola , Cap Stefan , Dihr Manuel , Tacconi Carlotta , Detmar Michael , Dieterich Lothar C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLymph node (LN)–resident lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) mediate peripheral tolerance by self-antigen presentation on MHC-I and constitutive expression of T-cell inhibitory molecules, including PD-L1 (CD274). Tumor-associated LECs also upregulate PD-L1, but the specific role of lymphatic PD-L1 in tumor immunity is not well understood. In this study, we generated a mouse model lacking lymphatic PD-L1 expression and challenged these mice with two orthotopic tumor models, B16F10 melanoma and MC38 colorectal carcinoma. Lymphatic PD-L1 deficiency resulted in consistent expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining LNs in both tumor models, reduced primary tumor growth in the MC38 model, and increased efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy in the B16F10 model. Strikingly, lymphatic PD-L1 acted primarily by inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory T cells. Overall, these findings demonstrate that LECs restrain tumor-specific immunity via PD-L1, which may explain why some patients with cancer without PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment still respond to PD-L1/PD-1–targeted immunotherapy.Significance:A new lymphatic-specific PD-L1 knockout mouse model reveals that lymphatic endothelial PD-L1 expression reduces tumor immunity, inducing apoptosis in tumor-specific CD8+ central memory cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Neuromuscular Dysfunction in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Rodwin Rozalyn L. , Chen Yan , Yasui Yutaka , Leisenring Wendy M. , Gibson Todd M. , Nathan Paul C. , Howell Rebecca M. , Krull Kevin R. , Mohrmann Caroline , Hayashi Robert J. , Chow Eric J. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Ness Kirsten K. , Kadan-Lottick Nina S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Children treated for cancer are at risk for neuromuscular dysfunction, but data are limited regarding prevalence, longitudinal patterns, and long-term impact.

Methods:
Longitudinal surveys from 25,583 childhood cancer survivors ≥5 years from diagnosis and 5,044 siblings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study were used to estimate the prevalence and cumulative incidence of neuromuscular dysfunction. Multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity estimated prevalence ratios (PR) of neuromuscular dysfunction in survivors compared with siblings, and associations with treatments and late health/socioeconomic outcomes.

Results:
Prevalence of neuromuscular dysfunction was 14.7% in survivors 5 years postdiagnosis versus 1.5% in siblings [PR, 9.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.9–12.4], and highest in survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors (PR, 27.6; 95% CI, 22.1–34.6) and sarcomas (PR, 11.5; 95% CI, 9.1–14.5). Cumulative incidence rose to 24.3% in survivors 20 years postdiagnosis (95% CI, 23.8–24.8). Spinal radiotherapy and increasing cranial radiotherapy dose were associated with increased prevalence of neuromuscular dysfunction. Platinum exposure (vs. none) was associated with neuromuscular dysfunction (PR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5–2.1), even after excluding survivors with CNS tumors, cranial/spinal radiotherapy, or amputation. Neuromuscular dysfunction was associated with concurrent or later obesity (PR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.1–1.2), anxiety (PR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.2–2.9), depression (PR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9–2.3), and lower likelihood of graduating college (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90–0.94) and employment (PR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.8–0.9).

Conclusions:
Neuromuscular dysfunction is prevalent in childhood cancer survivors, continues to increase posttherapy, and is associated with adverse health and socioeconomic outcomes.

Impact:
Interventions are needed to prevent and treat neuromuscular dysfunction, especially in survivors with platinum and radiation exposure.
The Simba Rebellion, the Cold War, and the Stanleyville Hostages in the Congo
Authors: O'Malley Alanna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In late October 1964, nearly 1,000 European and U.S. citizens were taken hostage by rebel forces in Stanleyville in northern Congo as part of an attempt to create the “People’s Republic of Congo,” an opposition regime designed to rival the pro-Western government in the capital Léopoldville (now Kinshasa). The hostages were captured to use as leverage against the advancing Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC), led by white mercenaries as part of a Western-backed military effort to crush the rebellion. In response, Belgium and the United States launched a military intervention to rescue their citizens on 24 November 1964, publicly justifying the incursion on humanitarian grounds. In reality, the main purpose was to crush the rebellion and secure Western interests in Congo. The intervention reflected a cavalier attitude toward sovereignty, international law, and the use of force in postcolonial Africa and had the adverse effect of discrediting humanitarian reasoning as a basis for military intervention until the end of the Cold War. The massacre of tens of thousands of Congolese in Stanleyville was a unique moment in which African countries united in their criticism of Western policies and demanded firmer sovereignty in the postcolonial world.