bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elbow Instability
Authors: Graf Dimitri N. , Fritz Benjamin , Bouaicha Samy , Sutter Reto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe stability of the elbow is based on a combination of primary (static) and secondary stabilizers (dynamic). In varus stress, the bony structures and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) are the primary stabilizers, and in valgus stress, the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary stabilizer. The flexor and extensor tendons crossing the elbow joint act as secondary stabilizers. Elbow instability is commonly divided into acute traumatic and chronic instability. Instability of the elbow is a continuum, with complete dislocation as its most severe form.Posterolateral rotatory instability is the most common elbow instability and can be detected at imaging both in the acute as well as the chronic phase. Imaging of suspected elbow instability starts with radiographs. Depending on the type of injury suspected, it is followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography evaluation for depiction of a range of soft tissue and osseous injures. The most common soft tissue injuries are tears of the LUCL and the radial collateral ligament; the most common osseous injuries are an osseous LUCL avulsion, a fracture of the coronoid process, and a radial head fracture.Valgus instability is the second most common instability and mostly detected in the chronic phase, with valgus extension overload the dominant pattern of injury. The anterior part of the UCL is insufficient in valgus extension overload due to repetitive medial tension seen in many overhead throwing sports, with UCL damage readily seen at MRI.
Challenges, Barriers, and Good Practices in the Implementation of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in Jodhpur, India
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Jain Yogesh Kumar , Singh Kuldeep , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Suthar Praveen , Manda Balwant , Kirti Ravi 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram of the Government of India subsumes the existing school health program to provide care and treatment to children below 18 years through screening and early interventions. Benefitting an estimated 270 million children for 30 preidentified conditions is a step toward “health for all.” Although the program is running since 2013, due to paucity of studies particularly in Thar desert region and its associated challenges, this study was planned to assess challenges and good practices in the implementation of RBSK in Jodhpur.

Objectives
To assess the challenges, barriers, and good practices in the implementation of RBSK among the mobile health team (MHT) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Methods
A community based descriptive cross-sectional study in all 11 medical blocks of Jodhpur district, with purposive sampling to invite all members of MHT to participate in the study as grassroot workers was planned. A pretested, semistructured questionnaire was processed using SPSS for quantitative component and in-depth interviews were reported using qualifiers for qualitative observations.

Results
As much as 74.1% (n = 40) of the staff perceived the trainings to be sufficient for daily work needs but needed more sessions for birth defects (33.3%) and development delays (29.6%). As much as 96.3% (n = 52) of the staff considered salaries to be low and 55.5% were dissatisfied with the jobs. However, 70.4% found targets to be achievable and 76% found the work environment helpful. Taboos and superstitions in community, harsh climate, dual workload on pharmacists as data operators, and noninclusion of AYUSH medicines for AYUSH medical officers (MOs) were few of the challenges, while good practices such as fully equipped MHTs, readily available vehicles, information education communication (IEC) materials, and treatment coverage under Bhamashah Bima Yojana (BSBY) were also observed.

Conclusion
Many good practices were observed during the study which can be adopted by other states for better implementations elsewhere. Certain challenges such as belief in quackery, superstitions and taboos could be minimized by conducting rapport-building meetings with community stakeholders. Feedback and regular trainings of MHT staff can further increase the success manifold.
Berry curvature generation detected by Nernst responses in ferroelectric Weyl semimetal
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Long , Liang Tian , Bahramy M. S. , Ogawa Naoki , Kocsis Vilmos , Ueda Kentaro , Kaneko Yoshio , Kriener Markus , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceAn ideal Weyl semimetal with high tunability is an undoubtedly important platform for realizing and manipulating exotic quantum properties of topological semimetals. Currently, all the existing nonmagnetic Weyl semimetals are not ideal and out of external control, namely, no couplings to an order parameter. In this work, we report with a topological phase transition diagram the successful realization of a Weyl semimetal phase by chemically engineering the PbTe-SnTe alloy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Weyl semimetal phase is strongly coupled with the underlying ferroelectric order, which exhibits turn on/off properties when the ferroelectric order appears/disappears. The Weyl phase is detected experimentally by a Berry curvature–sensitive thermoelectric probe called in-plane Nernst effect, which excludes the Drude response.
Reconfigurable shape-morphing flexible surfaces realized by individually addressable photoactuator arrays
Authors: Niu Dong , Jiang Weitao , Li Dachao , Ye Guoyong , Luo Feng , Liu Hongzhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Inspired by the impressive shape reconfigurability in natural systems, stimulus-responsive soft materials have been exploited to enable reconfigurable surface changes, relying on controllable deformations inner soft materials and spatiotemporally varying external stimuli. Among these, light stimulus, due to its high degree of spatial and temporal control manner, has been becoming a particularly powerful actuation means. Especially, photothermal shape transformations induced by bilayered structures, combining light absorption layer and an active layer of hydrogels, SMPs (Shape Memory Polymers), and nanocomposites, have provided a facile reconfigurable scheme. Here, we proposed reconfigurable shape-morphing flexible surfaces with individually addressable photoactuators arrays. By adjusting near-infrared radiation intensity and actuators thickness, the deformations of each actuator can be desirably tuned up to 350 μm. Additionally, actuator arrays can be individually photoactuated one by one due to the remote and straightforward control manner, which give rise to distinct surface morphology. Furthermore, multiple actuators are enabled to demonstrate coupled photomechanical actuation, causing broader area surface reconfigurations. Finally, we tried to explore shape-morphing flexible surfaces applications in a deformable mirror prototype with 19 actuator arrays. Based on photomechanical deformation simulation from COMSOL MultiPhysics, surface change capability was preliminarily researched. We envision that our proposed photoactuated deformable mirror will have a significant impact on the novel design in the future deformable mirrors and metasurfaces.
Mass splitting of vector mesons and spontaneous spin polarization under rotation *
Authors: Wei Minghua , Jiang Yin , Huang Mei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of rotation on the masses of scalar and vector mesons in the framework of the 2-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The existence of rotation produces a tedious quark propagator and a corresponding polarization function. By applying the random phase approximation, the meson mass is numerically calculated. It is found that the behavior of scalar and pseudoscalar meson masses under angular velocity ω is similar to that at a finite chemical potential; both rely on the behavior of the constituent quark mass and reflect the property related to chiral symmetry. However, vector meson ρ masses have a more profound relation to rotation. After analytical and numerical calculations, it turns out that at low temperature and small chemical potential, the mass for spin component

of a vector meson under rotation exhibits a very simple mass splitting relation

, similar to the Zeeman splitting of a charged meson under magnetic fields. Furthermore, the mass of the spin component

of vector meson ρ decreases linearly with ω and reaches zero at

, which indicates that the system will develop

vector meson condensation and the system will be spontaneously spin-polarized under rotation.
Cause Analysis and Control Measures for Roadway Bursting Caused by Mining-induced Tremors of Hard Roof–A Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Coalfield, China
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Zhang Ruoxiang , Sun Xikui , Shang Wenzheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rock burst caused by mining-induced tremors is a dynamic disaster in mines that can cause great damage. Based on the mining-induced tremor that occurred at the MKQ Coal
Mine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, on March 3, 2018, the present paper studies the mechanism of mining-induced tremor occurrence using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and focal mechanism. The study found four inferior strata and a primary key stratum in the overlying strata on LW3102, and discovered that upon breaking the key stratum movement releases a large amount of energy thereby causing the mining-induced tremor. When the internal stress of the coal pillar in the air-return way of LW3102 reaches 72.77 MPa, the static load stress concentration appears in the coal body near the air-return way, thereby facilitating easy coal body instability due to the overlay of the dynamic load, which in turn produces the rock burst. Based on the analysis of the moment tensor theory, this study finds the ratio of the moment tensor double couple part (MDC) of the strong mining-induced tremor focal to be 8.91%, indicating that the tensile fracture appears in overlying strata on LW3102, and a large amount of energy is released, thereby inducing the mining-induced tremor. The rock burst of the working face is controlled by applying control measures.
American Intellectual History: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
American Intellectual History: A Very Short Introduction provides an introduction to the history of American thought from the sixteenth century up until the present. Long before the United States was a nation, it was a set of ideas, projected onto the New World by European commentators and explorers. American thought grew from this foundation of expectation and experience, both enriched and challenged over the centuries by developments including the Revolutionary War, westward expansion, the rise of capitalism, the proliferation of diverse religions, immigration, industrialization, and the emergence of the United States as a superpower. This introduction provides an overview of some of the most compelling episodes and abiding preoccupations in American thought, while showing how ideas have been major forces driving the course of American history.
From republican to Romantic
Authors: Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘From republican to Romantic’ discusses how Enlightenment ideas came under pressure from the dramatic changes in American life during the early republic. Rapid population growth, westward expansion, urbanization, and industrialization tested the limits of Enlightenment thought, while new Romantic sensibilities shaped Americans’ response to their changing political and social realities. A shared concern during this period was the perceived absence of a truly “American” democratic culture, and this fostered efforts to build a variety of new intellectual institutions. The transcendentalists played a central role in trying to create a unifying intellectual culture befitting a new democracy, while the mental and moral worlds of Northerners and Southerners pulled farther apart over the issue of slavery.
Contests of intellectual authority
Authors: Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘Contests of intellectual authority’ examines the clash of ideas and ideologies that shaped America in the years leading up to the Civil War through the end of the nineteenth century. It opens with two historical events of 1859 that altered the course of American thought: John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry and the publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species. The moral challenges raised by race-based slavery and evolutionary theory shaped American notions of freedom, divine providence, and human responsibility. While the Civil War ultimately resolved a political and legal dispute, it did not resolve larger intellectual, religious, and moral ones. These contests of moral authority and the range of human responses to human problems are on full display in late nineteenth-century American life.
The opening of the American mind
Authors: Ratner-Rosenhagen Jennifer 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘The opening of the American mind’ challenges the perception of postwar American intellectual life as a period of staid traditionalism, stifling uniformity, complacency, and consensus. While some aspects of the 1950s and early 1960s Cold War culture were intellectually suffocating, others helped to widen Americans’ intellectual horizons. America’s new status as a global superpower stimulated the development of its intellectual and cultural institutions at a pace unprecedented in its history. The dramatic expansion of higher education, think tanks, and the print culture marketplace contributed to the opening of mid-century American thought. Varieties of existentialism, the creation of a lively conservative tradition, and the growing American interest in intellectual movements and spiritual practices from around the world helped Americans “breathe a larger air.”
Time until Newton
Authors: Ismael Jenann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘Time until Newton’ begins by describing the historical origin of calendars and mathematical ways of representing time. It discusses the Aristotelian worldview, which formed the dominant understanding of the Universe in the West from the time of Aristotle until the 17th century when Newton proposed his theory of motion. This was the first physical theory in the mathematical form that we expect nowadays and by making space and time subjects of scientific investigation Newton forever changed the way that people studied space and time. After the publication of his theory, a debate about whether space and time were entities or systems of relations broke out between Newton and the philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. A series of letters between Leibniz and the philosopher Samuel Clarke focusing on this question introduced the mathematical tools of symmetry and invariance that would become important in subsequent study of the structure of space and time.
The arrow of time
Authors: Ismael Jenann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘The arrow of time’ discusses where the arrow of time comes from. The fundamental laws of motion do not distinguish past and future. And yet the everyday world is full of manifestly asymmetric processes. This chapter discusses the apparent mismatch between the fundamental laws of nature and the manifest asymmetry of the everyday world. The temporal asymmetry is made precise by the second law of thermodynamics and the tension between the second law and the fundamental laws is addressed by the development of statistical mechanics.
The time of human experience
Authors: Ismael Jenann 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘The time of human experience’ examines whether the sense that time flows or passes can be recovered from within a relativistic image of time. On first encountering the relativistic image of time, many people are puzzled that it looks like a static block of events. Many physicists, including Einstein, thought that relativity theory vindicated the Parmenidean view that the passage of time is an illusion
The Bible in the post-colonial world
Authors: Riches John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘The Bible in the post-colonial world’ describes how colonizers and missionaries used the Bible. During the colonization of Latin America, the narratives of the conquest of Canaan in Joshua and Judges provided support not only for conquest, but also for the merciless killing of those who refused to submit. Nevertheless, Latin America also saw a powerful movement arise to rescue the Bible from its colonial misuse. In Africa too, the Bible could be used as an instrument both of oppression and of liberation. In South Africa, the stories of the Exodus and the entry to the Promised Land played a significant part in the emerging ideology of Afrikanerdom. At the same time, church leaders like Desmond Tutu used the language of the Bible to mount a powerful attack on apartheid.
The Bible in politics
Authors: Riches John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘The Bible in politics’ examines the place of the Bible in politics. Martin Luther and the mainstream Reformers used it to justify the power of the sword and to draw a clear line between the laws which were to govern secular society and the teaching of the Sermon on the Mount, which was intended only for Christians. The Quakers in England, like the Anabaptists, interpreted the commandments of the Sermon of the Mount literally and so refused to bear arms or to swear oaths. It is worth considering how the Bible has been a major source of the patriarchy which has marked Christian societies and exploring some feminist critiques of biblical narratives.
A high-dimensional power analysis of the conditional randomization test and knockoffs
Authors: Wang Wenshuo , Janson Lucas 
Published: October 2021

SummaryIn many scientific applications, researchers aim to relate a response variable $Y$ to a set of potential explanatory variables $X = (X_1,\dots,X_p)$, and start by trying to identify variables that contribute to this relationship. In statistical terms, this goal can be understood as trying to identify those $X_j$ on which $Y$ is conditionally dependent. Sometimes it is of value to simultaneously test for each $j$, which is more commonly known as variable selection. The conditional randomization test, CRT, and model-X knockoffs are two recently proposed methods that respectively perform conditional independence testing and variable selection by computing, for each $X_j$, any test statistic on the data and assessing that test statistic’s significance, by comparing it with test statistics computed on synthetic variables generated using knowledge of the distribution of $X$. The main contribution of this article is the analysis of the power of these methods in a high-dimensional linear model, where the ratio of the dimension $p$ to the sample size $n$ converges to a positive constant. We give explicit expressions for the asymptotic power of the CRT, variable selection with CRT $p$-values, and model-X knockoffs, each with a test statistic based on the marginal covariance, the least squares coefficient or the lasso. One useful application of our analysis is direct theoretical comparison of the asymptotic powers of variable selection with CRT $p$-values and model-X knockoffs; in the instances with independent covariates that we consider, the CRT probably dominates knockoffs. We also analyse the power gain from using unlabelled data in the CRT when limited knowledge of the distribution of $X$ is available, as well as the power of the CRT when samples are collected retrospectively.
Universal Community Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong Reveals Insights Into Transmission Dynamics: A Cross-Sectional and Modeling Study
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Tsang Tim K , Gao Huizhi , Lau Eric H Y , Lin Yun , Ho Faith , Xiao Jingyi , Wong Jessica Y , Adam Dillon C , Liao Qiuyan , Wu Peng , Cowling Benjamin J , Leung Gabriel M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Testing of an entire community has been used as an approach to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Hong Kong, a universal community testing program (UCTP) was implemented at the fadeout phase of a community epidemic in July to September 2020. We described the utility of the UCTP in finding unrecognized infections and analyzed data from the UCTP and other sources to characterize transmission dynamics.

Methods
We described the characteristics of people participating in the UCTP and compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases detected by the UCTP versus those detected by clinical diagnosis and public health surveillance (CDPHS). We developed a Bayesian model to estimate the age-specific incidence of infection and the proportion of cases detected by CDPHS.

Results
In total, 1.77 million people, 24% of the Hong Kong population, participated in the UCTP from 1 to 14 September 2020. The UCTP identified 32 new infections (1.8 per 100000 samples tested), consisting of 29% of all local cases reported during the two-week UCTP period. Compared with the CDPHS, the UCTP detected a higher proportion of sporadic cases (62% vs 27%, P&lt;.01) and identified 6 (out of 18) additional clusters during that period. We estimated that 27% (95% credible interval: 22%, 34%) of all infections were detected by the CDPHS in the third wave.

Conclusions
We reported empirical evidence of the utility of population-wide COVID-19 testing in detecting unrecognized infections and clusters. Around three quarters of infections have not been identified through existing surveillance approaches including contact tracing.
Financialisation, regional economic development and the coronavirus crisis: a time for spatial monetary policy?
Authors: Sokol Martin , Pataccini Leonardo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that ‘spatial monetary policy’ may be needed to achieve more territorially balanced economic development. Central banks have been key in fostering financialised economies while also preventing their collapse in times of crisis—a role further strengthened by the coronavirus pandemic. Central banks have thus become the most powerful economic policy-making institutions, just when spatial disparities are likely to deepen. In the context of crisis-ridden financialised capitalism, regional development policies should consider the spatial implications of central bank interventions and recognise monetary policy as a key element of spatial policy. Simultaneously, monetary policy should embrace an explicit spatial agenda.