bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple juice and red wine induced mirror‐image circular dichroism in quantum dots
Authors: Kwon Yuri H. , Tannir Shambhavi , Balaz Milan , Varga Krisztina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJuices, wines, and extracts from plants contain high concentrations of various chiral compounds such as carboxylic acids or sugars. Several prior studies reported the synthesis of metallic and semiconducting nanoparticles relying on components of complex biological solutions. Herein, we present preparation of chiral CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) using apple juice and red wine via phase transfer ligand exchange. Although both apple juice and red wine contain a complex mixture of chiral and achiral compounds, we have successfully used them for selective induction of predicted chiroptical properties and confirmed L‐malic acid from the apple juice and L‐tartaric acid from the red wine as the chiral inducers. This work illustrates the capability of using complex mixtures to construct chiral QDs with desired chiroptical properties as well as potential of QDs to selectively report a chiral molecule in a complex chiral mixture without the need for elaborate chiral recognition system.
Central retinal artery occlusion as a first sign of atrial fibrillation: A 3‐year retrospective single‐center analysis
Authors: Vonderlin Nadine , Kortuem Karsten , Siebermair Johannes , Köhrmann Martin , Rassaf Tienush , Massberg Steffen , Priglinger Siegfried , Kääb Stefan , Wakili Reza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCentral retinal artery occlusion ((C)RAO) is known to be associated with stroke and/or atrial fibrillation (AF). Nevertheless, patients often present at the ophthalmologist initially and it is unknown how many of these receive an adequate cardiological/neurological work‐up (CWU/NWU), including a 24 h‐Holter‐ECG.HypothesisHypothesis of this study was that patients with (C)RAO do not undergo CWU on regular basis and that new‐onset AF is more often detected in patients with CWU.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective analysis of n = 292 consecutive patients who presented at an ophthalmology department with the diagnosis of (C)RAO during a 3‐year period. After excluding patients with known AF, meeting exclusion criteria, inability to comply with the protocol, missed land phoneline, or death during follow‐up a total of 174 patients were enrolled; mean follow‐up was 20 ± 12 months. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score of the cohort was 5.3 ± 1.4. Our analysis revealed that only 50.6% of patients received a CWU including a single Holter‐ECG after the index‐event. In 12.6% cases new‐onset AF was diagnosed, while the rate was higher in patients with CWU compared to patients without CWU (18.2 vs. 7.0%; p = 0.26). Evaluation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy showed that only 66% of patients with AF were treated according to guidelines.ConclusionOnly half of patients with (C)RAO underwent CWU. Despite minimal monitoring, rate of new diagnosed AF was high. Our results confirm that (C)RAO identifies a high‐risk population for AF. These results illustrate the importance to implement standardized CWU in (C)RAO patients presenting at the ophthalmologist.
Intrusion detection systems in the cloud computing: A comprehensive and deep literature review
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Xu Bo , Cheng Bo , Hu Xiaomei , Darbandi Mehdi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAbrupt development of resources and rising expenses of infrastructure are leading institutions to take on cloud computing. Albeit, the cloud environment is vulnerable to various sorts of attacks. So, recognizing malicious software is one of the principal challenges in cloud security governance. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has turned to the most generally utilized element of computer system security that asserts the cloud from diverse sorts of attacks and threats. As evident, no systematic literature review exists that focuses on cloud computing usage within IDS processes. The previous investigations had not considered the statistical analysis method. Hence, this paper examined the IDS mechanisms in cloud computing systematically. Twenty‐two articles have been obtained using defined filters divided into four sections: hypervisor‐based IDS, network‐based IDS, machine learning‐based IDS, and hybrid IDS. The comparison is performed depending on the outcomes illustrated in the investigations. It demonstrates that IDS precision, inclusiveness, overhead, and reaction time have been discussed in many studies. Simultaneously, less attention has been paid to cost‐sensitivity, functioning, attack tolerance, and intrusion facing. This paper has made an excellent effort to organize literature drawn from multiple sources into a manuscript.
Multi‐stimuli Photo and Redox‐active Nanostructured Mesoporous Silica Films on Transparent Electrodes
Authors: Ahoulou Samuel , Vilà Neus , Pillet Sébastien , Carteret Cédric , Schaniel Dominik , Walcarius Alain 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilica matrices hosting transition metal guest complexes may offer remarkable platforms for the development of advanced functional devices. We report here the elaboration of ordered and vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films containing covalently attached tris(bipyridine)iron derivatives using a combination of electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA) method and Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. Such a versatile approach is primarily used to bind nitrogen‐based chelating ligands such as (4‐[(2‐propyn‐1‐yloxy)]4’‐methyl‐2,2’‐bypiridine, bpy’) inside the nanochannels. Further derivatization of the bpy’‐functionalized silica thin films is then achieved via a subsequent in‐situ complexation step to generate [Fe(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+ inside the mesopore channels. After giving spectroscopic evidences for the presence of such complexes in the functionalized film, electrochemistry is used to transform the confined diamagnetic (S=0)
species to paramagnetic (S=1/2) oxidized
species in a reversible way, while blue light irradiation (λ=470 nm) enables populating the short‐lived paramagnetic (S=2)
excited state. [Fe(bpy)2(bpy’)]2+‐functionalized ordered films are therefore both electro‐ and photo‐active through the manipulation of the oxidation state and spin state of the confined complexes, paving the way for their integration in optoelectronic devices.
Nb2O5/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction Facilitates 2,5‐Diformylfuran Production via Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Direct Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Sharma Shelja , Kumar Sandeep , Arumugam Senthil Murugan , Palanisami Muthukumaran , Shanmugam Vijayakumar , Elumalai Sasikumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the enriched synthesis of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over a Nb2O5/g‐C3N4 heterojunction under direct sunlight irradiation. The analytical characterization established the improved quality of the heterojunction compared to the original characteristics of the single photocatalysts, especially the surface properties and alignment of band edge positions, towards the control of recombination of the charge carriers for its application in the photocatalytic oxidation of HMF. Acetonitrile possessing a moderate polarity provided significant assistance in the higher HMF conversion (72 %), resulting in a 61 % wt. DFF yield and 84 % selectivity under modest reaction conditions. The result is comparatively 1.5 to 3.3 times higher than the single photocatalysts (g‐C3N4 and Nb2O5) under similar conditions, indicating the potential of the heterostructure (type‐II heterojunction) in DFF synthesis through the synergistic action of Nb2O5 and g‐C3N4 by controlling the e−–h+ pair recombination. Moreover, the heterojunction enabled selective conversion without the supply of O2 gas or oxidizing agent. The photogenerated holes (h+) played a key role in the augmented HMF conversion (based on radical trap studies), which obeyed first‐order kinetics.
Rapid Surface Reconstruction of Amorphous Co(OH)2/WOx with Rich Oxygen Vacancies to Promote Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Sijun , Wang Hua , Ma Zemian , Xiao Qinglan , Gao Qin , Jiang Yimin , Shen Wei , He Rongxing , Li Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHerein, a transition metal dissolution‐oxygen vacancy strategy, based on dissolution of highly oxidized transition metal species in alkaline electrolyte, was suggested to construct a high‐performance amorphous Co(OH)2/WOx (a‐CoW) catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The surface reconstruction of a‐CoW and its evolution were described by regulating oxygen vacancies. With continuous dissolution of W species, oxygen vacancies on the surface were generated rapidly, the surface reconstruction was promoted, and the OER performance was improved significantly. During the surface reconstruction, W species also played a role in electronic modulation for Co. Due to its rapid surface reconstruction, a‐CoW exhibited excellent OER performance in alkaline electrolyte with an overpotential of 208 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and had long‐term stability for at least 120 h. This work shows that the transition metal dissolution‐oxygen vacancy strategy is effective for preparation of high‐performance catalysts.
Targeting integrin αvβ3 with indomethacin inhibits patient‐derived xenograft tumour growth and recurrence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Wu Qiong , Han Wei , Laster Kyle , Hu Yamei , Ma Fayang , Chen Hanyong , Tian Xueli , Qiao Yan , Liu Hui , Kim Dong Joon , Dong Zigang , Liu Kangdong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRationaleA high risk of post‐operative recurrence contributes to the poor prognosis and low survival rate of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Increasing experimental evidence suggests that integrin adhesion receptors, in particular integrin αv (ITGAV), are important for cancer cell survival, proliferation and migration. Therefore, targeting ITGAV may be a rational approach for preventing ESCC recurrence.Materials and methodsProtein levels of ITGAV were determined in human ESCC tumour tissues using immunohistochemistry. MTT, propidium iodide staining, and annexin V staining were utilized to investigate cell viability, cell cycle progression, and induction of apoptosis, respectively. Computational docking was performed with the Schrödinger Suite software to visualize the interaction between indomethacin and ITGAV. Cell‐derived xenograft mouse models, patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, and a humanized mouse model were employed for in vivo studies.ResultsITGAV was upregulated in human ESCC tumour tissues and increased ITGAV protein levels were associated with poor prognosis. ITGAV silencing or knockout suppressed ESCC cell growth and metastatic potential. Interestingly, we identified that indomethacin can bind to ITGAV and enhance synovial apoptosis inhibitor 1 (SYVN1)‐mediated degradation of ITGAV. Integrin β3, one of the β subunits of ITGAV, was also decreased at the protein level in the indomethacin treatment group. Importantly, indomethacin treatment suppressed ESCC tumour growth and prevented recurrence in a PDX mouse model. Moreover, indomethacin inhibited the activation of cytokine TGFβ, reduced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and increased anti‐tumour immune responses in a humanized mouse model.ConclusionITGAV is a promising therapeutic target for ESCC. Indomethacin can attenuate ESCC growth through binding to ITGAV, promoting SYVN1‐mediated ubiquitination of ITGAV, and potentiating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses.
The classical hitchhiking model with continuous mutational pressure and purifying selection
Authors: Stephan Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetecting selective sweeps driven by strong positive selection and localizing the targets of selection in the genome play a major role in modern population genetics and genomics. Most of these analyses are based on the classical model of genetic hitchhiking proposed by Maynard Smith and Haigh (1974,Genetical Research, 23, 23). Here, we consider extensions of the classical two‐locus model. Introducing mutation at the strongly selected site, we analyze the conditions under which soft sweeps may arise. We identify a new parameter (the ratio of the beneficial mutation rate to the selection coefficient) that characterizes the occurrence of multiple‐origin soft sweeps. Furthermore, we quantify the hitchhiking effect when the polymorphism at the linked locus is not neutral but maintained in a mutation‐selection balance. In this case, we find a smaller relative reduction of heterozygosity at the linked site than for a neutral polymorphism. In our analysis, we use a semi‐deterministic approach; i.e., we analyze the frequency process of the beneficial allele in an infinitely large population when its frequency is above a certain threshold; however, for very small frequencies in the initial phase after the onset of selection we rely on diffusion theory.
The finely defined shift work schedule of dung beetles and their eye morphology
Authors: Tocco Claudia , Dacke Marie , Byrne Marcus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn nature, nothing is wasted, not even waste. Dung, composed of metabolic trash and leftovers of food, is a high‐quality resource and the object of fierce competition. Over 800 dung beetle species (Scarabaeinae) compete in the South African dung habitat and more than 100 species can colonize a single dung pat. To coexist in the same space, using the same food, beetles divide the day between them. However, detailed diel activity periods and associated morphological adaptations have been largely overlooked in these dung‐loving insects. To address this, we used a high‐frequency trapping design to establish the diel activity period of 44 dung beetle species in their South Africa communities. This allowed us to conclude that the dung beetles show a highly refined temporal partitioning strategy, with differences in peak of activity even within the diurnal, crepuscular, and nocturnal guilds, independent of nesting behavior and taxonomic classification. We further analyzed differences in eye and body size of our 44 model species and describe their variability in external eye morphology. In general, nocturnal species are bigger than crepuscular and diurnal species, and as expected, the absolute and relative eye size is greatest in nocturnal species, followed by crepuscular and then diurnal species. A more surprising finding was that corneal structure (smooth or facetted) is influenced by the activity period of the species, appearing flat in the nocturnal species and highly curved in the diurnal species. The role of the canthus—a cuticular structure that partially or completely divides the dung beetle eye into dorsal and ventral parts—remains a mystery, but the large number of species investigated in this study nevertheless allowed us to reject any correlation between its presence and the nesting behavior or time of activity of the beetles.
Clinical characteristics of people with heart failure in Australian general practice: results from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sindone Andrew P. , Haikerwal Deepak , Audehm Ralph G. , Neville Alexander Munro , Lim Kevin , Parsons Richard Whaddon , Piazza Peter , Liew Danny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) causes significant morbidity and mortality, but the rates and characteristics of people with HF in Australia are not well studied. SHAPE set out to describe the characteristics of HF patients seen in the real‐world setting.MethodsWe analysed anonymized patient data extracted from the clinical software of 43 participating GP clinics for the 5 year period from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2018. Patients were stratified into ‘definite’ and ‘probable’ HF based on a hierarchy of selection criteria and analysed for their clinical characteristics. Symptoms and signs of HF and ejection fraction data were searched for within the free text of the medical notes.ResultsOf the 1.12 million adults seen regularly, 20 219 were classified as having definite or probable HF. The mean age of the population was 69.8 years, 50.6% were female, and mean body mass index was 31.2 kg/m2. Fewer than 1 in 6 had the HF diagnosis optimally recorded. Only 3.2% (650 patients) had their left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) quantified: 40.9% had an EF ≥50% and 59.1% had an EF <50%. The most common comorbidities in people with HF were hypertension (41.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma (25.1%) and depression/anxiety (18.4%). Hypotension (2.3%), bradycardia (6.3%), severe renal impairment (6.4%) and hyperkalaemia (2.0%) were uncommon. Just over one‐third (37.8%) had iron deficiency. Loop diuretic use was common (56.7%) but only 33.7% were on a guideline recommended beta‐blockers. Use of ivabradine (1.4%) and sacubitril/valsartan (1.2%) was very low, while 39.9% had been prescribed an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, 31.6% an angiotensin receptor blocker and 16.0% spironolactone. Many patients were prescribed medications that may worsen HF or are relatively contraindicated, such as macrolide antibiotics (29.9%), corticosteroids (25.8%), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (23.9%), and tricyclic antidepressants (9.4%).ConclusionsHeart failure is poorly documented in general practice records and may be contributing to untoward downstream effects, such as low documentation of echocardiography, poor use of guideline recommended therapies and frequent use of medications that may worsen HF.
Perioperative Amiodarone to Prevent Atrial fibrillation after Septal Myectomy in obstrUctive hypeRtroPHic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shalen Evan F. , Heitner Stephen B. , Al‐Rashdan Lana , Akhavein Reyhaneh , Elman Miriam R. , Fischer Katherine L. , Lin Lucy Q. , Mannello Meghan , Nazer Babak , Song Howard K. , Masri Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsAmiodarone reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery; however, the benefit of perioperative amiodarone in patients undergoing septal myectomy (SM) for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) has not been studied. We hypothesized that prophylactic amiodarone would reduce the incidence of postoperative AF (POAF) following SM for oHCM.Methods and ResultsA single‐centre, pre‐post intervention open‐label study of oral amiodarone (200 mg twice daily starting 7 days preoperatively and 200 mg once daily continuing for 30 days postoperatively) in patients without prior AF undergoing SM for oHCM from 2014 to 2018. The primary outcome was incident AF within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were unplanned readmission, AF treatment, total and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and pacemaker implantation for high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block. 61 patients met inclusion criteria with 34 (55.8%) in the pre‐intervention (control) group and 27 (44.2%) in the post‐intervention (amiodarone) group. The incidence of POAF was 11.0% in the amiodarone group compared with 38.2% in the control group (P = 0.017). After adjusting for age, amiodarone was associated with less POAF [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.76; P = 0.016]. ICU (2 days [IQR 1, 4] vs. 3 days [IQR 2, 4]; P = 0.165) and total (6 days [IQR 5, 6] vs. 6 days [IQR 5, 7]; P = 0.165) LOS were similar, as was the rate of pacemaker implantation (7.4% vs. 8.3%, P > 0.999). There were no adverse events associated with amiodarone.ConclusionsPerioperative oral amiodarone is safe and was associated with lower incidence of POAF following SM for oHCM.
Heavy chain‐only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire
Authors: Anumukonda Kamala , Francis Malcolm , Currie Peter , Tulenko Frank , Hsu Ellen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn addition to conventional immunoglobulin, camelids and cartilaginous fish express a special class of antibody that consists only of heavy (H) chain (HCAbs). In the holocephalan elephantfish, there are two HCAb classes, one of which has evolved surprising features. The H‐chain genes in cartilaginous fish are organized as 20–200 minigenes, or clusters, each consisting of VH, 1–3 DH, JH gene segments with one set of constant region exons. We report that HHC2 (holocephalan H‐chain antibody 2) evolved from IgM H‐chain clusters, but its DH gene segments have diverged considerably. The three DH in HHC2 clusters are A‐rich, so that one to three potential reading frames for each DH encode lysine and arginine. All three are incorporated into the rearranged VDJ, ensuring that the ligand‐binding site carries multiple basic residues, as cDNA sequences demonstrate. The electropositive character in HHC2 CDR3 is accompanied by a paucity of aromatic amino acids, the latter feature at variance to the established, interactive role of tyrosine not only in ligand‐binding but generally at interfaces of protein complexes. The selection for these divergent HHC2 features challenges currently accepted ideas on what determines antibody reactivity and molecular recognition.
Understanding the Mechanism of Amorphization for Co‐URJC‐5
Authors: López‐Olvera Alfredo , Montes‐Andrés Helena , Martínez‐Ahumada Eva , López‐Cervantes Valeria B. , Martínez‐Serrano Ricardo D. , González‐Zamora Eduardo , Martínez Ana , Leo Pedro , Martos Carmen , Ibarra Ilich A. , Orcajo Gisela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIrreversible transition from monocrystalline to amorphous phase accompanied by a change in coordination geometry (octahedral to tetrahedral) was first observed in a Co(II)‐based MOF material, named Co‐URJC‐5, via SO2 uptake. This structural change is associated with the total loss of the pyridine ligand from the axial positions. These results are corroborated using PXRD and FT‐IR spectroscopy. A plausible amorphization mechanism is proposed using crystal field theory.
Recent Advances in MOF‐Based Materials for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Hu Kongqiu , Huang Zhiwei , Zeng Liwen , Zhang Zhihui , Mei Lei , Chai Zhifang , Shi Weiqun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is a low‐energy and environmentally friendly strategy for NH3 synthesis, which is considered as a possible alternative to the Haber‐Bosch (HB) process. Considering the extremely high bond energy of N2, the choice of photocatalysts is essential for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). As a class of porous materials with high crystallinity and adjustable organic ligands, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proven to exhibit high photocatalytic activity for a lot of reactions. Recently, MOFs and MOF‐based functional materials have become a kind of promising photocatalysts for NRR. In this minireview, we provide a comprehensive overview of the work reported so far on the MOF and MOF‐derived photocatalysts for the nitrogen fixation. Through the comprehensive analysis of the structures, nitrogen fixation performances and mechanisms of these photocatalysts, this minireview provides a reference for the design of new photocatalysts based on MOF materials.
All optical multi‐functional signal processing scheme for D8PSK and DQPSK format using four‐wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Yafei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article, a multifunctional optical processing unit for differential eight phase‐shift‐keying (D8PSK) and differential quadrature phase‐shift‐keying (DQPSK) based on four‐wave mixing (FWM) effects in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed. All‐optical wavelength conversion, D8PSK‐to‐DQPSK format conversion and signal encryption of 10‐Gbaud DQPSK and D8PSK optical signals are achieved simultaneously by simulation. Detailed theoretical analysis and simulation results are conducted to verify the feasibility of the scheme. The Q factor of the electrical signals and the bit error rate recovered from wavelength and format converted components are approximated to be around 6, and 10−9, which indicates the feasibility of the scheme. For the encrypted signal, the FWM effect of another SOA is utilized to decrypt the encrypted signal, and the encryption function of 10‐Gbaud DQPSK and D8PSK optical signals is also verified.