bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and chronic fatigue in nurses providing direct patient care and in non‐direct care roles: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Ross Alyson , Geiger‐Brown Jeanne , Yang Li , Flynn Sharon , Cox Robert , Wehrlen Leslie , Lee Lena J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNurses are at risk for work‐related fatigue, which can impact their health, well‐being, and job readiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the levels, types, and factors associated with fatigue in registered nurses (RNs) in direct patient care (DCRNs) and in non‐direct patient care (non‐DCRNs) roles. A cross‐sectional survey was administered to 313 RNs. Measures included: Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery, Brief COPE, PROMIS® Global Sleep Disturbance, and Job Content Questionnaire. Acute fatigue levels in RNs were similar to those in diseased populations, and nearly 50% reported moderate/high levels of chronic fatigue. DCRNs reported higher levels of acute and chronic fatigue than non‐DCRNs, but the differences were small and disappeared when accounting for other factors associated with fatigue including sleep disturbance, job strain, workplace support, maladaptive coping, and especially intershift recovery, which accounted for 20%–41% of fatigue variability. This study suggests that it may not be only nurses providing direct patient care who are at risk for acute and chronic fatigue. Intershift recovery may be particularly important in alleviating acute and chronic fatigue in nurses.
Spending allocations during low and high fiscal stress: Priority setters and spending advocates in Danish municipalities, 2008–2015
Authors: Foged Søren K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAre local governments' resources distributed differently during low as compared to high fiscal stress? Based on a proposed theoretical framework of public budgeting, focusing on the power relations between priority setters and spending advocates, two opposing hypotheses on this question are formulated. Using regression analysis, the two hypotheses are tested on the allocation of spending in seven policy areas of all 98 Danish municipalities from 2008 to 2015, which was a period that saw both a low and a high degree of fiscal stress. The empirical analysis consistently supports one of the hypotheses (Hypothesis 1), stating that rising fiscal stress benefits priority setters' influence on spending allocations vis‐à‐vis the influence of spending advocates. This finding can be interpreted as a pragmatic local government approach to fiscal stress, where the need for cutbacks is addressed by curbing the influence of spending advocates and shielding strategically important policy areas.
Impact of duloxetine on succinylcholine‐induced postoperative myalgia after direct microlaryngoscopic surgeries: Randomized controlled double‐blind study
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed F. , Ali Ibraheim Osama , Ibrahim Ahmed K. , Ibrahim Reham A. E. , Herdan Ragaa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuccinylcholine is a preferred muscle relaxant for rapid sequence intubation. Postoperative myalgia (POM) is one of its commonest adverse effects with unknown pathogenesis. Various modalities were examined to reduce POM. We hypothesized that duloxetine may reduce the incidence and severity of fasciculation or succinylcholine‐induced POM in outpatient surgeries.MethodsThis randomized double‐blinded trial involved controlled 70 adult participants scheduled for elective direct microlaryngoscopic surgeries. Before induction of general anesthesia by 2 h, 35 patients received duloxetine 30 mg orally (group D) and 35 patients received similar oral starch placebo capsules (group C). Fasciculations, POM, sedation score, time to first rescue analgesia, total analgesic consumption 24 h after surgery, patients’ satisfaction, and adverse effects were recorded.ResultsIncidence of fasciculation was 77.1% and 94.3% in groups D and C (p value = 0.04), whereas its severity was not significant between groups (p value = 0.09). Incidence and severity of POM were significantly lower in group D (p values = 0.004 and 0.021). Positive correlation was recorded between fasciculations and POM scores (r = 0.732 and p < 0.001). Time required for first analgesia was prolonged in group D (p value < 0.001) with less total analgesic consumption (p value = 0.039). The potassium and creatine kinase levels showed significant differences between both groups after 30 min and 24 h, respectively (p value < 0.05). Sedation scores and patients’ satisfaction were better in duloxetine group (p value < 0.05) with no severe complications.ConclusionsPreoperative oral duloxetine 30 mg administration decreased incidence and severity of succinylcholine‐related muscle POM and fasciculations. It was also effective in reducing postoperative rescue analgesic requirement with better patients’ satisfaction and no serious adverse effects.
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for nocardiosis in solid organ transplant recipients: Real‐life data from a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Conan Pierre‐Louis , Matignon Marie , Bleibtreu Alexandre , Guillot Hélène , Van Laecke Steven , Brenier Henri , Crochette Romain , Melica Giovanna , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Dantal Jacques , Walti Laura N. , Levi Charlène , Chauvet Cécile , De Greef Julien , Marbus Sierk D. , Mueller Nicolas J. , Ieven Margareta , Vuotto Fanny , Lortholary Olivier , Coussement Julien , Lebeaux David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the optimal management of nocardiosis among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. It is often suggested to avoid trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) monotherapy in heavily immunocompromised patients (such as SOT recipients) and/or in case of severe or disseminated nocardiosis. Our aim was to report our experience with TMP‐SMX monotherapy in SOT recipients with nocardiosis.MethodsUsing data from a previously published European study, we assessed the incidence of adverse events in SOT recipients receiving TMP‐SMX monotherapy and assessed its effectiveness.ResultsThirty‐one SOT recipients with nocardiosis were included, mostly kidney transplant recipients (20/31, 65%). Eleven (36%) had disseminated infection, and four (13%) had brain nocardiosis. Most patients had lung and/or pleural involvement (26/31, 84%). Daily dose of trimethoprim at initiation was 10 [6.4‐14.8] mg/kg. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate at time of diagnosis of nocardiosis was 44 [30‐62] ml/min/1.73 m². TMP‐SMX was discontinued prematurely in one third of the patients (10/31, 32%, mostly for hematological toxicity [n = 3] or increased serum creatinine [n = 3]). Focusing on the 24 (77%) patients who completed at least 30 days of TMP‐SMX monotherapy, 4 had late (>30 days) drug discontinuation, 1 experienced treatment failure, and 19 completed planned TMP‐SMX monotherapy. Clinical outcome was favorable in these 19 patients, despite the fact that 8 (42%) had disseminated infection and 2 (11%) brain nocardiosis. Overall, all‐cause 1‐year mortality was 10% (3/31).ConclusionsTMP‐SMX monotherapy appears to be effective for the treatment of most nocardiosis among SOT recipients. Interventional studies are needed to compare its safety and effectiveness with those of other regimens used to treat posttransplant nocardiosis.
Outcome of 25‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe: A retrospective study in 72 dogs (78 eyes)
Authors: Hirashima Susumu , Takiyama Naoaki , Umeda Yasuyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative visual outcome and complications of 25‐gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe in dogs.ProceduresWe reviewed the medical records of dogs diagnosed with giant rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) at Yokohama Animal Eye Clinic from 2016 to 2019 and treated by 25‐gauge PPV. Medical records included signalment, follow‐up time, etiology and duration of RRD, angle between the outermost trocar ports, immediate postoperative anatomic success rate, pre‐ and postoperative visual status, and postoperative complications.ResultsSeventy‐two dogs (78 eyes, 13 breeds) were included. The most common breed was the Toy Poodle (48.6%), and the mean follow‐up time was 690.6 days. The most common etiology of RRD was cataract surgery (46.2%). The mean angle between the outermost trocar ports was 71.4º. Immediate postoperative anatomic success was noted in all eyes. Vision was regained or maintained in 87.2% of eyes, and the mean time to return of vision was 28.5 days. Maintenance of vision until the last known follow‐up was noted in 73.5% of eyes. The most common postoperative complication was glaucoma (40.3%), and glaucoma was the most common etiology of postoperative vision loss (88.9%).ConclusionTwenty‐five gauge PPV via a lateral approach without proptosis of the globe is a successful method for treating canine giant RRD.
A Critical Review of Physical Models in High Temperature Multiphase Fluid Dynamics: Turbulent Transport and Particle-Wall Interactions
Authors: Jain Nishan , Le Moine Alexandra , Chaussonnet Geoffroy , Flatau Alison , Bravo Luis , Ghoshal Anindya , Walock Michael J. , Murugan Muthuvel , Khare Prashant 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This review article examines the last decade of studies investigating solid, molten, and liquid particle interactions with one another and with walls in heterogeneous multiphase flows. Such flows are experienced in state-of-the-art and future-concept gas turbine engines, where particles from the environment, including volcanic ash, runway debris, dust clouds, and sand, are transported by a fluid carrier phase and undergo high-speed collisions with high-temperature engine components. Sand or volcanic ash ingestion in gas turbine engines is known to lead to power-loss and/or complete engine failure. The particle-wall interactions that occur in high-temperature sections of an engine involve physics and intrinsic conditions that are sufficiently complex that they result in highly disparate and transient outcomes. These particles, which often times are made up of glassy constituents called calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate (CMAS), are susceptible to phase change at combustor temperatures (1650°), and can deposit on surfaces, undergo elastic and plastic deformation, rebound, and undergo breakup. Considerable research has been put into developing empirical and physics-based models and numerical strategies to address phase interactions. This article provides a detailed account of the conceptual foundation of physics-based models employed to understand the behavior of particle-wall interaction, the evolution of numerical methods utilized for modeling these interactions, and challenges associated with improving models of particle-particle and particle-wall interactions needed to better characterize multiphase flows. It also includes description of a testbed for acquiring canonical data for model validation studies.
Modeling of Reactivity Effects and Transient Behavior of Large Sodium Fast Reactor
Authors: Ponomarev Alexander , Mikityuk Konstantin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the paper, the reactivity characteristics of the core of the large sodium fast reactor Superphénix (SPX) were evaluated and compared with available experimental data. The analysis was performed using the TRACE system code modified for the fast reactor applications. The simplified core model was developed aiming to overcome the lack of detailed information on design and realistic core conditions. Point kinetics neutronic model with all relevant reactivity feedbacks was used to calculate transient power. The paper focuses on challenging issue of modeling of the transient thermal responses of primary system structural elements resulting in reactivity feedback specific to such large fast reactor, which cannot be neglected. For these effects, the model was equipped with dedicated heat structures to reproduce important feedback due to vessel wall, diagrid, strongback, control rod drive lines thermal expansion. Peculiarly, application of the model was considered for a whole range of core conditions from zero power to 100% nominal. The developed core model allowed reproducing satisfactorily the core reactivity balance between zero power at 180 °C and full power conditions. Additionally, the reactivity coefficients k, g, and h at three power levels (about 20, 50, and 80% of the nominal power) were calculated and satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements was also observed. The study demonstrated feasibility of application of relatively simple model with adjusted parameters for analysis of different conditions of very complex system. Reducing some differences with experimentally observed behavior of feedback coefficients, would require more sophisticated approaches on fuel pin model, more detailed information on management of control rods during power rise, more complicated models of primary system, its structural elements, and flow paths.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Sport and Daily Activities in an Italian Cohort of Football School Children
Authors: Farì Giacomo , Di Paolo Stefano , Ungaro Domenico , Luperto Gianluca , Farì Eleonora , Latino Francesca 
Published: June 2021

Background: Sport activities were interrupted due to a quarantine imposed to limit the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy. This study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on sports and on daily activities in an Italian cohort of school children signed up in a football school. Methods: A total of 44 children from an Italian football school were enrolled. An online survey was distributed to these children and their parents in May 2020. The questionnaire collected information on the daily use of electronic devices and on the number of hours per week spent in activities regarding nonsport activities, highlighting the differences between those who interrupted sports and those who continued driven remotely by their instructors during the lockdown. Results: A total of 26 players continued practicing sports during the COVID-19 quarantine, while 18 players suspended their sports. Daily time spent on electronic devices increased significantly in both groups during the pandemic (p < .0001), regardless of whether they continued to practice sports (p > .05). On the other hand, in the group of children who interrupted sports, the time spent on activities regarding nonsport physical activity significantly changed during pandemic, with a 50% decrease (p = .0027) of those who spent more than 3 hr per week before the quarantine in favor of those who spent less than 3 hr per week. Conclusion: Quarantine increases screen time, which is a sedentary behavior that represents a risk factor for the health of children. Maintaining regular physical activity during quarantine due to COVID-19 was important to preserve some aspects of a healthy lifestyle in children, such as physical activity regardless of sport. While reducing physical activity and adapting it remotely, it is desirable that it be encouraged by experienced instructors in order to limit potential physical and psychological harm to children.
Visual acuity outcomes after cataract surgery in type 2 diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study
Authors: Lee Debora , Agron Elvira , Keenan Tiarnan , Lovato James , Ambrosius Walter , Chew Emily Y 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo evaluate visual acuity (VA) outcomes of cataract surgery, and factors associated with good visual outcomes, among a population with diabetes.MethodsParticipants with type 2 diabetes enrolled in The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and ACCORD-eye substudy. 1136 eyes of 784 ACCORD participants receiving cataract surgery during follow-up (2001–2014) were included. Of these, 362 eyes had fundus photographs gradable for diabetic retinopathy. The main outcome measure was the achievement of postoperative VA of 20/40 or better.ResultsIn the sample of 1136 eyes, 762 eyes (67.1%) achieved good visual outcome of 20/40 or better. Factors predictive of good visual outcome were higher level of educational attainment (college vs some high school, OR 2.35 (95% CI 1.44 to 3.82)), bilateral cataract surgery (OR 1.55 (1.14 to 2.10)) and preoperative VA (20/20 or better vs worse than 20/200, OR 10.59 (4.07 to 27.54)). Factors not significantly associated (p>0.05) included age, sex, race, smoking, diabetes duration, blood pressure, lipid levels and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). In the subsample of 362 eyes, absence of diabetic retinopathy was associated with good visual outcome (OR 1.73 (1.02 to 2.94)).ConclusionAmong individuals with diabetes, two-thirds of eyes achieved good visual outcome after cataract surgery. Notable factors associated with visual outcome included preoperative VA and diabetic retinopathy, but not HbA1C, underscoring that while certain ocular measures may help evaluate visual potential, systemic parameters may not be as valuable. Sociodemographic factors might also be important considerations. Although the current visual prognosis after cataract surgery is usually favourable, certain factors still limit the visual potential in those with diabetes.
Multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial factors contributing to return to running and running related stress urinary incontinence in postpartum women
Authors: Moore Isabel S , James Megan L , Brockwell Emma , Perkins Joanna , Jones Alex L , Donnelly Gráinne M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo examine contributory factors behind postpartum return-to-running and return to pre-pregnancy running level, in addition to risk factors for postpartum running-related stress urinary incontinence (SUI).Methods881 postpartum women completed an online questionnaire. Clinically and empirically derived questions were created relating to running experiences and multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial contributory factors. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors for return-to-running, returning to pre-pregnancy level of running and running-related SUI.ResultsMedian time to first postpartum run was 12 weeks. Running during pregnancy (OR: 2.81 (1.90 to 4.15)), a high weekly running volume (OR: 1.79 (1.22 to 2.63)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.53 (0.43 to 0.64)) and not suffering vaginal heaviness (OR: 0.52 (0.35–0.76)) increased the odds of return-to-running. Factors that increased the odds of returning to pre-pregnancy running level were a low weekly running volume (OR: 0.38 (0.26 to 0.56)), having more than one child (OR: 2.09 (1.43 to 3.05)), lower fear of movement (OR: 0.78 (0.65 to 0.94)), being younger (OR: 0.79 (0.65 to 0.96)) and shorter time to running after childbirth (OR: 0.74 (0.60 to 0.90)). Risk factors for running-related SUI were having returned to running (OR: 2.70 (1.51 to 4.76)) and suffering running-related SUI pre-pregnancy (OR: 4.01 (2.05 to 7.82)) and during pregnancy (OR: 4.49 (2.86 to 7.06)); having a caesarean delivery decreased the odds (OR: 0.39 (0.23 to 0.65)).ConclusionRunning during pregnancy may assist women safely return-to-running postpartum. Fear of movement, the sensation of vaginal heaviness and running-related SUI before or during pregnancy should be addressed early by healthcare providers.
Health systems strengthening to arrest the global disability burden: empirical development of prioritised components for a global strategy for improving musculoskeletal health
Authors: Briggs Andrew M , Huckel Schneider Carmen , Slater Helen , Jordan Joanne E , Parambath Sarika , Young James J , Sharma Saurab , Kopansky-Giles Deborah , Mishrra Swatee , Akesson Kristina E , Ali Nuzhat , Belton Joletta , Betteridge Neil , Blyth Fiona M , Brown Richard , Debere Demelash , Dreinhöfer Karsten E , Finucane Laura , Foster Helen E , Gimigliano Francesca , Haldeman Scott , Haq Syed A , Horgan Ben , Jain Anil , Joshipura Manjul , Kalla Asgar A , Lothe Jakob , Matsuda Shuichi , Mobasheri Ali , Mwaniki Lillian , Nordin Margareta C , Pattison Marilyn , Reis Felipe J J , Soriano Enrique R , Tick Heather , Waddell James , Wiek Dieter , Woolf Anthony D , March Lyn 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDespite the profound burden of disease, a strategic global response to optimise musculoskeletal (MSK) health and guide national-level health systems strengthening priorities remains absent. Auspiced by the Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health (G-MUSC), we aimed to empirically derive requisite priorities and components of a strategic response to guide global and national-level action on MSK health.MethodsDesign: mixed-methods, three-phase design.Phase 1: qualitative study with international key informants (KIs), including patient representatives and people with lived experience. KIs characterised the contemporary landscape for MSK health and priorities for a global strategic response.Phase 2: scoping review of national health policies to identify contemporary MSK policy trends and foci.Phase 3: informed by phases 1–2, was a global eDelphi where multisectoral panellists rated and iterated a framework of priorities and detailed components/actions.ResultsPhase 1: 31 KIs representing 25 organisations were sampled from 20 countries (40% low and middle income (LMIC)). Inductively derived themes were used to construct a logic model to underpin latter phases, consisting of five guiding principles, eight strategic priority areas and seven accelerators for action.Phase 2: of the 165 documents identified, 41 (24.8%) from 22 countries (88% high-income countries) and 2 regions met the inclusion criteria. Eight overarching policy themes, supported by 47 subthemes, were derived, aligning closely with the logic model.Phase 3: 674 panellists from 72 countries (46% LMICs) participated in round 1 and 439 (65%) in round 2 of the eDelphi. Fifty-nine components were retained with 10 (17%) identified as essential for health systems. 97.6% and 94.8% agreed or strongly agreed the framework was valuable and credible, respectively, for health systems strengthening.ConclusionAn empirically derived framework, co-designed and strongly supported by multisectoral stakeholders, can now be used as a blueprint for global and country-level responses to improve MSK health and prioritise system strengthening initiatives.