bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismicity in the Tsengwen reservoir area, Taiwan
Authors: Wu Francis T. , Yeh Y. H. , Tsai Y. B. 
Published: September 2021

abstractThe Tsengwen reservoir, with a maximum depth of 128 m, and a storage volume of 708 × 106 m3, is located over an active thrust fault, the Chuko Fault. The Chuko Fault was evidently the causative fault of a magnitude 634 (Pasadena, MS earthquake in 1964. Filling of the reservoir started in April 1973 and water reached the designed level in September of that same year; since then, the water level has undergone yearly cycles with 40 to 50 m amplitude.An earthquake swarm occurred near the dam in December 1972, before the filling of the reservoir, and microearthquakes in the area have been monitored for various periods since that time. Before filling, there were some very shallow events, with depths less than 2.5 km, but these disappeared shortly after the water level rose to the maximum. The majority of hypocenters after reservoir loading lie in a layer between depths of 2.5 and 8 km; the seismicity under the reservoir is noticeably lower than that in the surrounding area. There is no obvious correlation of seismicity with water level, based on available data. The seismicity in the Tsengwen area can be described as a response of the over-pressured and fractured sedimentary strata to the tectonic stress accumulation, modified by the loading effects of the reservoir.A ts/tp versus time study revealed anomalies, but these are not precursory to large earthquakes, as the duration of the anomalies would imply.
The earthquake sequence in Friuli, Italy, 1976
Authors: Cagnetti Vittorio , Pasquale Vincenzo 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The seismic activity of the May 6, 1976 Friuli earthquake has been investigated. It provides clear evidence of internal clustering of shocks, with the largest aftershocks being followed by their own series of aftershocks. Late large aftershocks with their own aftershock series occurred 4 months after the main shock, when aftershocks had subsided. Thus, in the entire series of aftershocks, six phases of strain release are found, and part of the aftershock region is not included in the aftershock volume of the main shock. All this indicates that a few aftershocks are at least partially independent from the main shock.
The value of b is estimated for the entire sequence and for the separate phases; during the activity, b shows an increase after the main shock, a decline immediately before the largest aftershock, and a second increase immediately afterward. This can be explained in terms of stress changes, and is consistent with laboratory studies of rock deformation.
The compressive stress is perpendicular to the Eastern Alps, and may be considered as the principal cause of the earthquake sequence. The solution of the main shock of the sequence is a reversed fault movement, unlike most of the mechanisms in the focus of the earlier Friuli earthquakes which are of the transcurrent type.
Microearthquake surveys in the Central and Northern Philippines
Authors: Acharya H. K. , Ferguson J. F. , Isaac V. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Microearthquake surveys were carried out in three sections of Central and Northern Philippines during 1975-1976 for a period of 5 months. A 4-month survey of Bataan Peninsula identified a major tectonic feature near Manila Bay which could not have been postulated from examination of seismicity maps. This feature appears to be situated near the southern end of ultramafic rocks of West Central Luzon and West Luzon Trough and trends W-SW from east of Corregidor Island toward Manila Trench for a distance of about 100 km. This survey also showed no microearthquake activity beneath two presently inactive volcanoes on Bataan Peninsula. The rate of activity in Bataan Peninsula region was found to be very low (8.4 events/1000 km2/yr). A short-duration survey (16 days) of the Philippine Fault in North Central Luzon revealed no microearthquake activity on the fault. During a third short-duration survey (16 days), the Verde Island Passage area between Luzon and Mindoro was found to be as highly active at the microearthquake level as it is for large earthquakes.
A randomized control trial on early open patient department-based assessment tool for prediction of neurological outcomes at the age of 1 month of life in asphyxiated neonates who underwent whole body cooling at tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan
Authors: Sanadhya Anuradha , Goyal Suresh , Mehrotra Juhi , Malvia Sunny 
Published: September 2021

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is standard-of-care for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in developed countries. It should be implemented within 6 hours after delivery, and it has shown to significantly decrease the risk of brain injury in newborns exposed to perinatal hypoxemic ischemic insult with improved neurological outcomes. Objectives of the study were to assess early neurological outcome of neonates with moderate to severe birth asphyxia treated with TH.Methods: A randomized control trial was done in NICU of Balchikitsalaya, RNT medical college, Udaipur, on neonates with evidence of grade II/III HIE. We used phase changing material-FS 21, FS 29 to provide whole body hypothermia for 72 hours within 6 hours of birth and observed the babies for early neurological outcome. Results: A total of 60 neonates were enrolled in the study, 30 as cases, treated with therapeutic hypothermia and 30 as controls in normothermic environment. Neurological assessment was made on the basis of Thompson scoring and Ameil-Tison neurological assessment at term (ATNAT) at one month of age. We observed a better ATNAT score in TH group as compared to controls (p<0.05). Thompson score was significantly less in surviving neonates suggestive of better early neonatal outcome. Conclusions: Statistically significant data suggestive of better early neurological outcomes were seen in the cases treated with 72 hours of hypothermia. These babies not only had lesser Thompson scores, but also showed better tone, and Improved ATNAT scores at 1 month of age, making this study important as an early marker of neurological injury/morbidity in later life.
Comparative evaluation on clinical success rate of prefabricated zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns in primary molars
Authors: Harshitha A. K. , Ajay Rao H. T. , Sundeep Hegde K. , Sargod Sharan S. , Saloni Mahaveeran Shrivya , Devan Arya 
Published: September 2021

To compare the clinical success rate of Prefabricated Zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns on primary molars: It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 52 pulpally treated primary molars of children aged 4–9 years were randomly divided into two equal groups of stainless steel crown and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns. Tooth preparation was done according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and crowns were cemented. All crowns were cemented with Type I Glass ionomer cement (GIC) luting cement. Crowns were evaluated clinically for its crown retention, marginal integrity and gingival health at 3 months and 6 months.: Clinical success for stainless steel crowns and Prefabricated Zirconia crowns towards crown retention and marginal integrity were similar with no statistical difference between them. All Prefabricated Zirconia crowns showed healthy gingiva whereas 53.8% (14 out of 26) Stainless Steel crowns showed mild gingival inflammation at 3 and 6 months which was statistically significant (P ≤0.01).Both prefabricated zirconia and stainless steel crowns showed no statistical difference for crown retention and marginal integrity throughout the study. Gingival health was significantly higher for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns compared with stainless steel crowns. Therefore clinical success rate for Prefabricated Zirconia crowns were better when compared to stainless steel crowns. So Prefabricated Zirconia crowns can be considered as an esthetic alternative in future.
ТРЕТІЙ УЧАСНИК ФАХОВИХ КОМУНІКАТИВНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ У МУЗИЧНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: ДУЗЬ Лариса Іванівна 
Published: September 2021

Метою статті є демонстрація особливостей фахової комунікації, яка реалізується у музичному закладі вищої освіти за участі іноземних студентів. Об'єкт вивчення — фахова мовленнєва взаємодія музичного педагога та іноземних студентів з різними рівнями володіння мовою навчання. Предмет дослідження — комунікативна роль та характеристики третього учасника фахової мовленнєвої ситуації, у ролі якого діє іноземний студент. У дослідженні застосовано методи спостереження, аналізу та синтезу, зіставлення, узагальнення, а також описовий метод. Результати дослідження: оприявнено реальні комунікативні потреби, які формуються у процесі академічного фахового навчання і мають враховуватися в обґрунтуванні мовних та мовленнєвих компетенцій, необхідних іноземному студентові музичного ЗВО. Типологізовано фахові музично-педагогічні комунікативні ситуації. З'ясовано причини появи ситуації з третім активним учасником. Визначено роль і значення третього комуніканта та необхідні йому мовні компетенції. На підставі вивчення академічних комунікативних ситуації зроблено висновки про фактори, що зумовлюють успішність фахової взаємодії музичного/вокального педагога й іноземних студентів.
ЗАСОБИ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ВЛАСНИХ ІМЕН В РОМАНІ ОЛЕСЯ ГОНЧАРА «СОБОР» АНГЛІЙСЬКОЮ МОВОЮ
Authors: ПАНЧЕНКО Олена Іванівна , ГОРЄЛОВА Поліна Володимирівна 
Published: September 2021

Мета статті – описати результати дослідження перекладу власних назв у романі Олеся Гончара «Собор» англійською мовою. Об'єкт аналізу – онімікон роману «Собор», що охоплює антропоніми, топоніми, ергоніми і інші одиниці. Предмет дослідження – способи перекладу системи імен роману англійською мовою. Визначено найбільш широко використані способи перекладу, зіставлені варіанти перекладу подібних за структурою та значенням онімів. В роботі використані метод порівняльного аналізу та описовий метод. Результати дослідження: у перекладі роману англійською мовою, створеному Ю. Ткачем та Л. Рудницьким, власні назви тексту перекладені за допомогою різних засобів та їхніх комбінацій. Висновки. Засобами перекладу онімів роману є експлікація, калька, транслітерація, традиційний відповідник та такі їхні комбінації. Вибір засобу або засобів перекладу певної одиниці залежить, як правило, від того, чи належить онім до української культури і чи є він реальним або властивим лише цьому тексту, а також до якої групи він належить за критерієм денотату. Іноді єдність засобів порушується, оскільки, наприклад, андроніми, утворені в українській мові за однаковою схемою, перекладаються трьома різними способами, а деколи виникає неправильна інтерпретація. Однак загалом більшість перекладів онімів у романі єприйнятними,у більшості випадків перекладачам вдалося підібрати адекватні відповідники.
ЕПІТЕТ ЯК ЕМОТИВНИЙ ЗАСІБ СТВОРЕННЯ ОБРАЗУ КРАЇНИ У ТУРИСТИЧНОМУ РЕКЛАМНОМУ СЛОГАНІ
Authors: ШЕВЧЕНКО Ольга Костянтинівна 
Published: September 2021

Емотивно забарвлені епітети виступають ефективним засобом виразності мови при створенні рекламного образу країни, наголошують на її унікальності, виокремлюють суттєві ознаки, передають високий ступінь туристичної привабливості, деталізують уявлення про туристичні пам’ятки, акцентують увагу на значимих цінностях. Отже, актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю вивчення стилістичної складової офіційного туристичного слогану країни, оскільки він є найбільш експресивним видом туристичного рекламного тексту, зокрема основних лексичних і фонологічних засобів експресивної дії епітету в рекламному слогані. Мета дослідження – визначити лексичні, фонологічні і компонентні особливості епітету як засобу створення емотивного образу в офіційному туристичному рекламному слогані країни. Матеріалом для дослідження послугували офіційні туристичні слогани 158 країн світу. Об’єктом нашого дослідження є епітети у туристичних рекламних слоганах країн світу. Предметом дослідження виступають семантико-стилістичні особливості функціонування епітетів у туристичних рекламних слоганах країн світу. У результаті різноаспектного аналізу численних моделей слоганів було зроблено такі висновки: 1) лексику туристичного рекламного слогана характеризує емоційна виразність, бо емоційно-забарвлені слова-епітети формують позитивний образ країни; 2) епітет у рекламному слогані вживають у повторі, разом із контрастним словом, у мовній грі; 3) епітет у рекламному туристичному слогані служить меті переконати реципієнта відвідати запропоноване місце.
Обґрунтування стратегії організації технічного обслуговування, поточного ремонту швидкісного рухомого складу в умовах України
Authors: Крашенінін О.С. , Яковлев С.С. , Шапатіна О.О. 
Published: September 2021

Експлуатація закордонного швидкісного рухомого складу (ШРС), у тому числі електропоїздів, для організації швидкісних залізничних пасажирських перевезень потребує обґрунтування стратегії їх утримання.
У статті розглядаються питання оцінки чинників, які впливають на обсяг витрат, пов’язаних з утриманням ШРС, техніко-економічної оцінки цих витрат для трьох можливих стратегій організації їх утримання. На основі такого підходу сформована графічна залежність добутків і витрат на організацію утримання цього РС з урахуванням запровадження відповідних стратегій
Sikap Toleransi Masyarakat Lokal terhadap Masyarakat Transmigrasi Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Integrasi Nasional
Authors: Kiptiah Mariatul , Ruchliyadi Dian Agus , Nurmawadah Nurmawadah 
Published: September 2021

Karangan putih village is a village where the village where the villagers have different ethnics. Most of the villagers who live there are transmigrans, although they live in the different culture environment, their implementation about tolerance between each villager are high.This research’s objective is to find aut how the local’s and the transmigrans’ way to interact each other, how the local’s behavior to the transmigrans to create the nasional intergration. This research designed and implemented with the qualitative method. The data collection uses the observation technique and interview. The result of this research data will be analyzed by the data reduction, data display and drawing conclusion. The result of this research shows how the locals interact with the transmigrans at karangan putih village is by mutual assistance form, and to create the mutual respect to the cultural differences, they make a discussion and also to create the national integration, the karangan putih village makes a culture to create the peaceful, safe and sound villagers. Besed on the result of this research, it can be suggested that to build the villagers’ tolerance behavior at karangan putih village to fulfill the best things between the villagers.
Reconstruction of Massive Segmental Distal Femoral Metaphyseal Bone Defects After Open Injury
Authors: Dheenadhayalan J. , Devendra A. , Velmurugesan P. , Shanmukha Babu T. , Ramesh P. , Zackariya Mohd , Sabapathy S. Raja , Rajasekaran S. 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Our aim was to examine the outcome of gamma-irradiated intercalary structural allografts combined with autologous cancellous grafts in treating large metaphyseal bone defects of the distal femur following open injuries.

Methods:
We prospectively included 20 consecutive patients with large metaphyseal bone defects of >4 cm located in the region of the distal femur following open injuries treated between 2010 and 2018, with a mean follow-up of 2 years (range, 2 to 10 years). Of these patients,18 were men and 2 were women. The mean age was 39 years (range, 22 to 72 years). The mean length of the bone defects was 10.1 cm (range, 5.5 to 14.5 cm), and all were in the metaphysis of the distal femur. The surgical technique included initial early debridement and external fixation followed by reconstruction of the bone defect using structural allograft combined with autologous cancellous bone graft harvested from the iliac crest and locking plate fixation. Definitive fixation was performed at an average period of 22.5 days (range, 3 to 84 days) after injury. Osseous union, rate of infection, complications, need for secondary procedures, and functional outcome using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at the final follow-up were assessed.

Results:
After excluding 1 patient who was lost to follow-up, 19 patients with complete follow-up were available for analysis. Of those, 13 patients (68%) achieved complete union at both ends of the allograft with host bone without any further intervention. Three patients (16%) developed aseptic nonunion of the proximal end of the allograft requiring 1 additional procedure each to achieve union. Four patients (21%) developed a deep surgical site infection. Of those, 1 elderly patient required above-the-knee amputation following uncontrolled diabetes and infection. A second patient required 2 additional procedures, and a third patient needed 4 additional procedures to achieve union. The fourth patient developed infection after achieving union, and the infection subsided after debridement and implant removal. The mean LEFS score for all 19 patients was 55 (range, 41 to 75).

Conclusions:
Use of allograft was a reasonable single-stage alternative solution for massive distal femoral bone defects, which united without additional surgery in two-thirds of the patients and without limb-length discrepancy.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Quiescent Andersson Lesion Simplifies Deformity Correction
Authors: Kulkarni Arvind G. , Praveen Goparaju V.N.R. 
Published: September 2021

Case:
We present a case of ankylosing spondylitis with sagittal imbalance and having a suspicious Andersson lesion (AL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at D12-L1. The segment did not reveal any potential mobility on erect radiographs and supine MRI. L2 pedicle subtraction osteotomy was planned. However, intraoperatively after positioning, the AL widely opened up. This made us reassess the treatment strategy; an interbody fusion was performed, and the correction was achieved using a cantilever mechanism without performing an osteotomy.

Conclusion:
A quiescent AL can affect preoperative planning. However, understanding the pathology, reassessing the situation, and reformulating the plans intraoperatively resulted in a successful outcome.
Nonrigid Bookshelf Kinematics of Northeastern Tibet: Constrains from Fault Slip Rates around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe Basins
Authors: Gan Chen , Ming Ai , Wenjun Zheng , Haiyun Bi , Jinrui Liu , Yipeng Zhang , Weipeng Ge , Dongli Zhang , Rong Huang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Elashan fault (ELSF) and Qinghainanshan fault (QHNF), two major faults developed around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe basins, are of great importance for investigating the deformation model of the internal northeastern Tibetan Plateau. However, their late Pleistocene slip rates remain poorly constrained. In this study, we combine high-resolution topography acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and geomorphological dating to calculate the slip rates of the two faults. We visited the central ELSF and western QHNF and measured displaced terraces and stream channels. We collected 10Be samples on the surface of terraces to constrain the abandonment ages. The dextral slip rate of the central segment of the Elashan fault is estimated to be 2.6±1.2 mm/yr. The uplift rates since the late Pleistocene of the Elashan and Qinghainanshan faults are 0.4±0.04 mm/yr and 0.2±0.03 mm/yr, respectively. Comparing the geological rates with the newly published global positioning system (GPS) rates, we find that the slip rates of the major strike-slip faults around the Qinghai Lake and Chaka-Gonghe basins are approximately consistent from the late Pleistocene to the present day. The overall NE shortening rates by summing up the geological slip rates on major faults between the East Kunlun and Haiyuan faults are ~3.4 mm/yr, smaller than the geodetic shortening rates (~4.9 to 6.4 mm/yr), indicating that distributed deformation plays an important role in accommodating the regional deformation. By analyzing the geometrical and kinematic characteristics of the major faults surrounding the basins, we suggest that the kinematic deformation of the internal northeastern Tibet is a nonrigid bookshelf model that consists of counterclockwise rotation (~0.8° Myr-1) and distributed thrusting.
Reduced Dengue Incidence During COVID-19 Restrictions in Sri Lanka From March 2020 to April 2021
Authors: Surendran Sinnathamby Noble , Nagulan Ratnarajah , Sivabalakrishnan Kokila , Arthiyan Sivasingham , Tharshan Annathurai , Jeyadas Thirunavukkarasu , Raveendran Selvarajah , Kumanan T , Ramasamy Ranjan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDengue is a major public health concern in Sri Lanka. COVID-19 in Sri Lanka was first detected in January 2020, and has continued to be prevalent in the country since that time. The impact of public health measures imposed to restrict COVID-19 transmission on the incidence of dengue throughout the island and particularly its northern Jaffna district in the period March 2020 to April 2021 was determined.MethodsThe incidence of dengue and COVID-19, rainfall and the public health measures implemented to contain COVID-19 transmission for each district in Sri Lanka were obtained from Government sources. The Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model was used to predict the dengue incidence expected in March 2020 to April 2021, based on pre-pandemic data and this was compared with the actual reported incidence of dengue during the period of COVID-19 restrictions. Ovitrap collections of Aedes larvae were also carried out in the Gurunagar ward of Jaffna city in the Jaffna district during the 2020 and 2021 lockdown and the findings compared with data from 2019.ResultsThe reported number of dengue cases for the whole country from March 2020 to April 2021 was significantly lower than the numbers of dengue cases predicted from the five years immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2019). Decreased numbers of dengue cases were reported compared to predicted numbers of cases in all 25 administrative districts in the country including the Jaffna district. Aedes larval numbers collected from ovitraps in the Gurunagar ward in Jaffna city during the COVID-19 lockdown period were decreased, with significantly lower proportions of Ae. aegypti than Ae. albopictus, compared with 2019. ConclusionPublic health measures that restricted movement of people, closed schools, universities and offices in order to contain COVID-19 transmission unexpectedly led to a marked reduction in the incidence of dengue in Sri Lanka, in contrast to Singapore. The differences between the two tropical islands have significant implications for the epidemiology of dengue.