bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Application of a Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst for a Hydrolisis Reaction
Authors: Efiyanti Lisna , Indrawan Dian Anggraini , Arif Zulhan , Hutapea Devandri , Septina Ane Dwi 
Published: March 2021

Biomass, such as wood waste, is one of the resources that can be potentially converted into a carbon product for catalyst applications. In this study, the sulfonated carbon was obtained through the pyrolysis method for wood waste at the temperature of 350°C, which was later sulfonated through the use of H2SO4 (8N) on the reflux for 4 h. The sulfonated carbon was then analyzed and characterized including its water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the H+ (acidity) capacity using ammonia adsorptions and functional groups and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) instrument. The catalyst application was carried out during the kempili pulp hydrolysis process using a microwave with the ratio of catalyst to a pulp of 1:1 (5g:5g), with the power conditions of 300, 400, and 600 watt for 3, 5, and 7 min. The results showed that the sulfonated carbon catalyst had water content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine adsorption as well as the catalyst acidity as much as 3.48%; 11.70%; 4.21%; 84.62%; 690.88 mg/g; and 6.45 mmol/g, respectively with the highest glucose content of 160.83 ppm. The carbon-based catalyst is expected as an alternative catalyst, can be further developed for hydrolysis reactions, and can serve as a green technology product in the future.
Penegakan Hukum terhadap Cyber Crime Hacker
Authors: Arisandy Yogi Oktafian 
Published: March 2021

Kasus peretasan marak terjadi di Indonesia. Salah satu kasus peretasan tersebut terjadi di Sleman yang melibatkan hacker berisinial BBA (21) yang melakukan peretasan terhadap server sebuah perusahaan di San Antonio, Texas, Amerika Serikat dengan modus ransomware. Kasus tersebut terjadi disebabkan penegakan hukum terhadap kasus cyber crime hacker ini di rasa masih sangat kurang. Salah satu penyebabnya kurangnya kompetensi aparat penegak hukum dalam memberantas cyber crime hacker. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan lebih lanjut mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap cyber crime, apa saja komponennya berikut fungsinya, dan mengetahui kendala dalam penegakan hukumnya. Pendekatan penelitian normatif yang bersumber dari bahan hukum yang diperoleh dari studi pustaka dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk mendapatkan jawaban atas permasalahan yang diambil. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa komponen penegak hukum terdiri dari jaksa dan hakim. Kasus peretasan yang dilakukan oleh BBA merujuk pada ketentuan pasal Pasal 49 Jo Pasal 33 dan Pasal 48 ayat (1) Jo Pasal 32 ayat (1) dan Pasal 45 ayat (4) Jo Pasal 27 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang ITE, dan terdakwa dijatuhi hukuman selama tujuh bulan. Adapun pihak kepolisian dalam menjalankan fungsinya memiliki beberapa kendala, yang didasarkan pada aspek kemampuan penyidik, terbatasnya alat bukti, terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana yang ada, dan luasnya yurisdiksi yang ada.
A Qualitative Study of Older Patients’ and Family Caregivers’ Perspectives of Transitional Care From Hospital to Home
Authors: Dolu İlknur , Naharcı Mehmet İIlkin , Logan Patricia A. , Paal Piret , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: March 2021

Background and PurposeThe need for high-quality long-term healthcare services is increasing across the globe as the population ages. Strategies for improving transitional care from hospital to home are needed. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients aged 65 years and over and their family caregivers transitioning from hospital to home in an urban area of Turkey.MethodsThematic analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with older patients (n = 14), with at least one chronic disease and admitted to the hospital for a minimum of 3 days, and family caregivers (n = 11) who voluntarily participated.ResultsMain themes were “confused feelings of safety and stress”; “worried about being left alone”; and “disrupted healthcare journey.” The proactive rehabilitation model was used to elaborate on the study findings and interpret the perspectives and experiences of older patients and their family caregivers, which can be used for improving the quality of care after discharge from hospital.Implications for PracticeA high-quality transitional care program requires taking care of the feeling of safety in older patients and their family caregivers by the multidisciplinary team and their enhanced involvement in care initiatives after hospital discharge.
Change Resistance as Practicing Moral Authenticity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: McMillan Kim , Perron Amélie 
Published: March 2021

Background and purposeOrganizational changes are increasingly rapid and continuous in health care as organizations strive to meet multiple external pressures. Much change in health care fails and nurse resistance is commonly blamed for such failure. Nurse resistance to organizational change is often described as overt behaviours and are deemed destructive to the change process. Much of the literature describing organizational change comes from the perspectives of administrators, there is little known about nurses’ experiences of organizational change. The purpose of this inquiry was to explore the nature of frontline nurses’ experiences of rapid and continuous change.MethodsA qualitative critical hermeneutic design was applied. 14 Registered Nurses participated in face-to-face interviews. Openended questions were used. The setting was an urban pediatric teaching hospital located in Canada. Research ethics board approval was obtained as required. Member reflections ensured accurate portrayals of participant’s experiences.ResultsThe findings from this study suggest that acts of resistance to change are not overt, but rather covert behaviors in micro-ethical moments. Nurses engaged in resistance as means to provide morally authentic care at the bedside. These acts were utilized to take back power over their practice amidst feelings of powerlessness, however, paradoxically, when participants described the concept of power, they understood it solely in the context of feeling powerless within the planning, implementation and evaluation of organizational change initiatives. Nurses engagement with resistant behaviours in the context of organizational change demonstrated ethical action and political agency that enabled morally authentic nursing practice.Implications for practiceThe findings from this study offer new understandings of a well-established concept in nursing and can be used when considering the ethical dimensions of nursing work amidst rapidly changing health care institutions.
Changes in Spinal Instability After Combined Therapy of Conventional Radiotherapy and Bone Modifying Agents for Painful Vertebral Bone Metastases
Authors: Nakata Eiji , Sugihara Shinsuke , Sugawara Yoshifumi , Nakahara Ryuichi , Takihira Shouta , Sato Kohei , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Precise assessment of spinal instability is critical at the beginning and after radiotherapy for selection of the treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of radiotherapy. We investigated changes of spinal instability after radiotherapy and examined potential risk factors for the difference of the outcome of spinal instability for painful spinal metastases. We evaluated 81 patients who received radiotherapy for painful vertebral metastases in our institution between 2012 and 2016. The pain at the vertebrae was assessed. Radiological responses of irradiated vertebrae were assessed by computed tomography. Spinal instability was assessed by Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS). Follow-up assessments were done at the start of radiotherapy and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months after radiotherapy. At each of one to six months, pain disappeared in 62%, 84%, 93%, 98%, and 100% of patients. The median SINS were 8, 7, 6, 5, 5, and 4 at the beginning of radiotherapy and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months, respectively, which significantly decreased over time (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that PLISE was the only risk factor for spinal instability at one month. In conclusion, spinal instability significantly improved over time after radiotherapy. Clinicians should take attention to PLISE in the radiotherapy of vertebral metastases.
Synthesis of Si /rgo Nano-composites as Anode Electrode for Lithium-ion Battery by Ctab and Citrate Methods: Physical Properties and Voltage-capacity Cyclic Characterizations.
Authors: Torkashvand H. , Bagheri-Mohagheghi M.-M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, SiNPs / rGO nano-composites were prepared from porous silicon nanoparticles synthesized by silica mineral (SiO2). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized by thermal reduction method. The Si NPs/rGO nano-composite synthesized by three methods using the (a) CTAB as surfactant (b) CTAB as surfactant and citric acid as a functional group and (c) without CTAB and with citric acid under ultrasonic condition. The samples were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), VU-Vis, EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The test of anode electrode sample for synthesis (a) carried out by potential (Li/Li+) vs. capacity measurements. The anode made of the resulting nano-composite showed an initial specific capacity of 1191 mAhg-1 and specific capacity of 845 mAhg-1 after 10 cycles at a current density of 100 mAg−1and a coulomb efficiency of approximately 99.4% after these cycles. Porous nanoparticles have improved the electrochemical properties of the nano-composite along with the conductivity and buffering properties of rGO by creating a suitable space for lithiation/delithiation process.
The Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Allergic Rhinitis: Current Literature Review
Authors: Tan Shi Nee , Abdullah Baharudin 
Published: March 2021

:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is now a significant health problem in today's culture.
It ranges from a spectrum of abnormal conditions during sleep from the primary snorer to mild,
moderate, or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). SDB also comprises other conditions, such as
sleep-related hypoventilation, sleep-related hypoxemia, and central sleep apnea syndromes.

:
One of the components of the pathophysiology of OSA that remain unclear is the association of allergic
rhinitis (AR) in the evolution of OSA. Several studies relate the co-existence of OSA and
AR in the common clinical practice, but its correlation was not clear. This review article aimed to
review the pathophysiological relationship between OSA and AR in terms of the role of chemical
mediators and the effect of AR treatment in support of OSA.

:
The symptoms of AR further accelerate the clinical progression to OSA development. Inflammatory
mediators such as histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and interleukins are found at a high level in
AR, which can aggravate AR symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and itchiness, which
can then lead to sleep disruption in OSA patients. In addition, OSA patients also have increased
chemical mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, and 1, which would activate the T
helper 2 phenotypes that can aggravate AR symptoms. This vicious cycle can potentiate each other
and worsen the condition. Few studies have shown that treatment of AR can improve OSA, especially
the use of intranasal steroid and leukotriene receptor antagonists.

:
A detailed evaluation of rhinitis symptoms should be made for OSA patients so that they can benefit
not only from the improvement of AR but also the good sleep quality.
Physical Education Majors Team Teaching in an Early Field Experience in a Junior High School Setting
Authors: BARNEY David , CHRISTENSON Robert 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The early field experience (EFE) has been considered a valuable and important component of a physical education majors education (Curtner-Smith, 1993). For this study 26 pre-service teachers (PST) (physical education majors) team taught (13 teams) in an EFE in a local junior high school. During their EFE each team taught 2 lessons in the school. From this study it was found that during the PST lessons the junior high students were active in the class activities, that the PST should have used louder voices when teaching, that the PST should have had a back-up plan for their lessons, that music played can help during class activities, and that they PST felt their lessons went “well.”
早期的實習教學經驗，對於體育本科生而言是一種有效的學習方法。是次研究共有26位體育實習教師參與團隊式教學法，結果顯示這種教學法令初中學生更加活躍，而實習教師需要加大他們説話聲音，需要準備後備的活動計劃，在活動中使用適當的音樂等，這些改變能夠讓實習教師感到有滿意的教學效果。
Relative Susceptibility, Preference, and Suitability ofCarpinusTaxa for the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) 1
Authors: Miller Fredric , Wiegrefe Susan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNineteen Carpinus taxa were evaluated in no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory feeding bioassays for susceptibility, preference, and suitability for the adult Japanese beetle (Popillae japonica Newman). No-choice laboratory feeding bioassays revealed that only three Carpinus taxa, Carpinus caucasica Grossh., Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim., and the hybrid Carpinus caroliniana x C. coreana, were significantly less susceptible and less suitable to feeding and for reproduction by Japanese beetles. Leaf tissue removed was related to the amount of frass produced, but was not related to leaf thickness, inner or outer leaf toughness, or fecundity. Frass production did not reflect fecundity. Hybridization may have either a positive or negative effect on host susceptibility, preference, and suitability. When a moderately preferred species such as C. caroliniana Walter or C. betulus L. is crossed with a species of equal or higher susceptibility, (i.e. C. coreana Nakai, Blume, or C. laxiflora (Sieb. and Zucc.) Blume) feeding preference increases. A “C. tschonskii factor” (Maxim.) appears to affect susceptibility and preference. There does not appear to be a large pool of Carpinus taxa suitable for future tree breeding programs in areas where Japanese beetle outbreaks are common. Potential use of Carpinus taxa in urban landscapes and forests is discussed.Index words: Susceptibility, preference, suitability, Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, Carpinus.Species used in this study: Carpinus betulus L., C. caroliniana Walter, C. caucasica Grossh, C. cordata Blume, C. coreana Nakai, C. fargesii Franch, C. japonica Blume, C. laxiflora, (Sieb. and Zucc.) Blume, C. orientalis Mill, C. tschonoskii Maxim, C. turczaninowii Hance, C. betulus x tschonoskii, C. caroliniana x betulus, C. caroliniana x (C. betulus x tschonoskii), C. caroliniana x cordata, C. caroliniana x coreana, C. caroliniana x orientalis, C. caroliniana x tschonoskii, C. caroliniana x coreana, C. cordata x C. japonica, and, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees.
Impacts of Wire Basket Retention and Removal on Whole Tree Stability and Long-term Growth1
Authors: Hauer Richard J. , Koeser Andrew K. , Miesbauer Jason W. , Edgar Jeff , Kleinhuizen David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen balled-and-burlapped trees are planted, a decision must be made regarding whether the wire basket, burlap, and other packing materials should be removed (completely or partially) or retained. While past research has failed to show a significant impact of either approach with regard to initial growth and establishment, many professionals still question whether a decision to leave the wire basket intact at planting will have longer-term impacts to tree health and stability. In this study, we revisit two nursery trials first initiated in 2011 and 2012 to assess the impact of burlap folding, and full wire basket removal, partial removal, or retention on tree growth and root anchorage five to six growing years after planting. We found that neither stem caliper (min P = 0.249) nor twig elongation (min P = 0.297) differed among removal treatments with the Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and ‘Skycole' honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis) trees used in this study. Similarly, we were unable to detect any differences in rooting strength among the removal treatments tested (min P = 0.154). These results serve as further evidence that wire baskets are not a cause of early tree mortality or instability.Index words: Arboriculture, biomechanics, growth and longevity, nursery production, static-pull test, transplanting, transplant shock.Species used in this study: Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.); ‘Skycole' honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L. var. inermis).
Literasi Pelaporan Keuangan Pengurus Masjid Untuk Meningkatkan Transparansi Dan Akuntabilitas Keuangan Masjid
Authors: Ulfi Maryati  , Sukartini  , Amy Fontanella  , Armel Yentifa  , Ermataty Hatta5  
Published: March 2021

Increasing the financial literacy of mosque administrators plays an important role to increase accountability and transparency in managing mosque finance. It is caused the mosque functions not only as a place of worship but also as a center for social activities of the community using funds originating from the community. Every rupiah of community funds used must be accounted to the community. Therefore, the existence of accounting used in the process of recording and preparing mosque financial reports is very vital.
This Community service is held at the Imaduddin Mosque, which is one of the educational reference mosques in Padang. All this time, the mosque administrators managed funds in a very large amount. However, the management of these funds has not been supported by adequate financial recording and reporting, which make dissatisfaction to the funders. This is due to the limited competence of HR management and lack of understanding about recording and financial statements. To solve this problems, training will be provided for recording and preparing financial reports and simple applications for preparing financial statements.
The output of this community service is to increase financial literacy and to train mosque administrators in recording and preparing financial reports. The approach offered to the partner is workshops and financial report training for non-profit organizations using Microsoft Excel. It is also produced a financial report preparation module which can be guided by the mosque management.
Complete Heart Block In Pregnancy : A Case Report
Authors: Yafi Dhanang Ali , Noviani Cloudia , Saputri Rahmi Eka , Purnawarman Adi , Andalas Mohd. , Yusmalinda Yusmalinda 
Published: March 2021

Background: Complete heart block occurs due to various pathological conditions that cause an infiltration, fibrosis, or lose the connection from a part of the cardiac conduction system. Complete heart block in pregnancy is often caused by congenital anomalies. Around 30% cases, complete heart block remain asymptomatic and not detected until adulthood and may present in pregnancy state and puerperium. When the reversible cause of the AV Block cannot be found, the permanent pacemaker or temporary pacemaker may be indicated when the patients show the symptoms.
Case Illusration: A-21 year old female, G2P0A1 preterm pregnancy (27-28 weeks) with bradycardia. From electrocardiograph examination revealed Total AV Block with junctional escape rhytym. Transthoracic echocardiogram shows massive tricuspid regurgitation, early phase of peripartum cardiomyopathy and ejection fraction 36-40%. Caesarean section was peformed due to PPROM. A male baby was born with birth weight of 1100 grams, 32 centimeters of body length and APGAR score of 7/9. The baby was died in NICU on day care 4th, with suspected respiratory problem.
Conclusion: Complete heart block in pregnancy is a rare condition. This condition could remain asymptomatic and not detected until pregnancy. Multidisciplinary approach, close monitoring of the symptoms and cardiac functions are needed for patients with CHB.
A Feasibility Study of Microbialites as Paleomagnetic Recorders
Authors: Jung Ji-In , Bowles Julie A. 
Published: March 2021

Microbialites–layered, organosedimentary deposits–exist in the geologic record and extend back in deep time, including all estimated times of inner core nucleation. Microbialites may preserve magnetic field variations at high-resolution based on their estimated growth rates. Previous studies have shown that microbialites can have a stable magnetization. However, the timing and origin of microbialite magnetization were not well determined, and no study has attempted to evaluate whether actively growing microbialites record the geomagnetic field. Here, we present centimeter-scale magnetization and magnetic property variations within the structure of modern microbialites from Great Salt Lake (GSL), United States, and Laguna Bacalar, Mexico, Pleistocene microbialites from GSL, and a Cambrian microbialite from Mongolia. All samples record field directions close to the expected value. The dominant magnetic carrier has a coercivity of 35–50 mT and unblocking temperatures are consistent with magnetite. A small proportion of additional high coercivity minerals such as hematite are also present, but do not appear to appreciably contribute to the natural remanent magnetization (NRM). Magnetization is broadly consistent along microbialite layers, and directional variations correlate with the internal slope of the layers. These observations suggest that the documented NRM may be primarily detrital in origin and that the timing of magnetization acquisition can be close to that of sediment deposition.
Quantitative indicators of microcirculation of the skin of the lower extremities
Authors: Rusin V. I. , Boldizhar P. O. , Gorlenko F. V. , Lopit M. M. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of the study. To study the quantitative indicators of microcirculation and perfusion of the skin of the lower extremities, taking into account the angiosomal theory.

Materials and methods. We studied the microcirculation of the skin of the lower extremities in 31 people, taking into account the angiosomal approach without pathology of the cardiovascular system on the device Easy-LDI company AIMAGO SA (Switzerland).
Results. We found that the highest rates of perfusion units on the thigh were found in the pool of the sciatic and posterior arteries, the lowest – in the pool of the deep femoral artery and popliteal artery. On the shin, the highest rates of microcirculation are found in the pool of the posterior tibial artery, the lowest – on the foot.
Having such an objective quantitative perfusion index, it is easy to determine the occlusion of the arteries corresponding to the angiosomes, areas of the skin of the lower extremity and to quantify the results of the treatment.
Conclusions. The developed indicators of skin perfusion of angiosomes of the lower extremities can normally form the basis for diagnosing the degree of stenosis of the main arteries, serve as an indication for direct and indirect methods of revascularization in obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities and quantify immediate and long-term treatment.