bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass‐Derived Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Textile Wastewater Treatment, Sensors, Energy Storage, and Conversion Technologies
Authors: Fahad Halim A. F. M. , Poinern Gérrard Eddy Jai , Fawcett Derek , Sharma Rupam , Surendran Sneha , R Rajeshkannan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlant life has dominated this planet from the beginning of time. With over 82% of biomass (BM) coming from plants, primarily trees, plants are the dominant form of life on Earth. BM represents a readily available, ecologically favorable, and renewable low‐cost carbon source. Its rational disposal has emerged as a critical challenge in modern times due to its widespread generation from farming, manufacturing, and forestry activities. Nanotechnology (NT) has enormous potential for a wide range of BM‐related applications, including BM development, processing technique, modification, and utilization. Richard Feynman, a physicist who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics, presented a discussion in 1959 titled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” This address was the beginning of the New Theory of Physics, which is NT, where he discusses the potential of NT for manipulating matter at the atomic level. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest surrounding carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. These materials have captured the interest of researchers due to their extraordinary characteristics and widespread applications. Utilizing BM as a source shows great potential in creating functional carbon materials (CMs) due to its sustainability, affordability, and high carbon content. Nowadays, CNMs derived from BM have been a popular area of study. Various structures, synthesis techniques, and widespread applications of CNMs have been documented. Thus, this review provides a detailed overview that outlines the latest technological advancements in the fabrication of BM‐derived CMs. It also studies the production of high‐value‐added CNMs from BM and delves into the utilization of BM‐based CNMs as a precursor for textile wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study also outlines the progress of BM‐derived CNMs in supercapacitors (SCs), sensors, battery electrode materials, fuel cells (FCs), and E‐textiles, showcasing their pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies for the future.
Tailoring the Porous Structure of Carbon for Enhanced Oxidative Cleavage and Esterification of C(CO)‐C Bonds
Authors: Xie Chao , Hou Qidong , Qian Hengli , Tang Yao , Lai Ruite , Bai Xinyu , Yu Guanjie , Lv Shuai , Xia Tianliang , Liu Zejun , Huang Xin , Shen Xiaojun , Ju Meiting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe cleavage and functionalization of carbon‐carbon bonds are crucial for the reconstruction and upgrading of organic matrices, particularly in the valorization of biomass, plastics, and fossil resources. However, the inherent kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability of C‐C σ bonds make this process challenging. Herein, we fabricated a glucose‐derived defect‐rich hierarchical porous carbon as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative cleavage and esterification of C(CO)‐C bonds. Systematic investigations revealed that the hierarchical porous structure enhances the adsorption of O2 and ketones, thereby boosting the catalytic efficiency of defects. This catalyst exhibits performance comparable to that of the reported nitrogen‐doped or metal nanoparticle‐supported carbon materials, as well as transition metal‐based homogeneous catalytic systems. This work deepens our understanding of the reaction process underlying this transformation and provides insights for designing efficient carbon‐based materials for oxidative transformations.
Online State of Charge Estimation for Battery Based on the Improved Double Fraction‐Order Multi‐Innovation Unscented Kalman Filter With Full Parameters Identification and Self‐Rectification of Covariance Matrices
Authors: Xing Likun , Ren Hengqi , Zhang Zhenyun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe state of charge (SOC) is an extremely important indicator of the lithium cell. Currently, traditional identification algorithms and integer‐order models are poorly adaptive and unable to respond to the dynamic characteristics of batteries in real time, whereas unscented Kalman filtering is often accompanied by the problem that the covariance matrix is not positively determined, leading to algorithmic collapse. This study combines the multi‐innovation theory with online identification and provides an improved fractional‐order multi‐innovation double unscented Kalman filter (DFOMIUKF) joint estimation algorithm. The algorithm contains a multi‐timescale framework that allows full parametric identification of fractional‐order models, which guarantees the algorithm's ability to cope with complex working conditions, and the problem of failure of the Kalman filtering algorithm is solved by modifying the covariance matrix in real time by singular value decomposition (SVD). On the basis of the fractional RC model, the FOMIUKF1 algorithm allows real‐time updating of model parameters on a macro scale, and the obtained parameters at the microscale are passed to the FOMIUKF2 algorithm for real‐time updating of the charge level of the lithium battery. Then, the DFOMIUKF algorithm is validated under different working environments, respectively. The findings indicate that the proposed algorithm predicts the SOC with the maximum values of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) not exceeding 0.77% and 0.66%, respectively, and maintains high accuracy even at low temperatures. It is illustrated that the proposed algorithm solves the problems of the above offline algorithms with high precision and robustness.
An Adaptive Photosensitivity Pixel for Synchronous Spiking Sensor
Authors: Nie Kaiming , Yang Zhao , Shi Xiaopei , He Yanghao , Xu Jiangtao , Gao Jing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a novel spiking pixel based on the synchronous readout operation. This design achieves pixel adaptation sensitivity to light, effectively overcoming a fundamental challenge of conventional pixels. It is achieved by assessing the trigger interval, which is the number of frame periods required for two successive pulses in the pixel's output, and dynamically adjusting the reference voltage. Combined with this technique, this novel spiking pixel can enhance sensitivity under low illumination conditions; simultaneously, it seeks to reduce trigger frequency in high‐light conditions. Analysis of the proposed pixel reveals that it extends dynamic range and reduce the impact of the average relative error, representing a notable improvement over existing traditional pixel designs. When the ratio between the two integration voltage ranges of the proposed pixel is 9, the dynamic range can be extended by 18.26 dB. With integration voltage ranges of 300 and 900 mV, the mean average relative error of the proposed pixel is 0.1261 under varying Process, Voltage, and Temperature conditions, demonstrating superior performance compared to the traditional pixels.
Finding connections to help students move forward
Authors: May Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Jason Shrontz is a full‐time faculty member at Klamath Community College, where he teaches courses in research writing, film, screenwriting, and fiction. He also supports local high school teachers who offer writing courses for college credit and works closely with administration and faculty to design and integrate ethical AI use in the classroom. He earned his PhD in English at the University of Rhode Island and wrote his dissertation on corporeality and human connection in the digital world. He, his wife, and four children enjoy biking the trails in southern Oregon.
Synaptophysin Positive Pulmonary Glomus Tumor Mimics Carcinoid Tumor on Fine‐Needle Aspiration
Authors: Shen Yuan , Raza Roshan , Ramineni Maheshwari , Marginean Celia , Sur Nilanjana , Wang Brant G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlomus tumors are benign vascular soft tissue neoplasms of glomus bodies. Primary lung glomus tumors are rare and usually express smooth muscle markers, and are negative for cytokeratin and neuroendocrine markers in immunohistochemistry. We report a case of a primary lung glomus tumor showing diffuse, strong, aberrant immunoexpression for synaptophysin and morphologically mimicking a low‐grade neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid tumor).
Comparison of the Dynamics of the Flowing Drainage Network and Water Chemistry for Four Headwater Catchments
Authors: Bujak‐Ozga Izabela , von Freyberg Jana , Rinaldo Andrea , van Meerveld Ilja 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe re‐emergence of water in dry stream reaches affects streamwater chemistry due to the flushing of sediment and nutrients from previously dry channels and the increased connectivity between hillslopes and streams. Although these processes have been studied at the reach scale, field data on stream network dynamics and hydrochemistry at the catchment scale are rare. We studied the temporal changes in the flowing drainage network (FDN) and hydrochemistry for two 5‐ha catchments in the Swiss pre‐Alps and two 25‐ to 32‐ha catchments on the Swiss Plateau. At each site, one catchment was relatively flat and had an extensive stream network augmented by artificial ditches, while the other catchment was relatively steep and had a shorter stream network where flow was maintained by springs. The dynamics of the FDN differed substantially for the geomorphologically different catchments in each region, despite their proximity, comparable size, soil and bedrock characteristics. Hydrochemistry and FDN were more dynamic in the flatter catchments with the extensive but shallow channels and ditches. For these catchments, nitrate mobilisation and a notable ‘first flush’ of solutes were observed during most rainfall events. Hydrochemistry and FDN remained relatively stable in the steeper catchments fed by perennial springs. These results highlight the notable spatial variations in stream chemistry responses to precipitation events and the insights that can be gained by joint observations of the FDN and hydrochemical dynamics.
Greening the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Selenides: I2/TBHP‐Promoted Selenocyclization of 2‐Allylphenols
Authors: Bartz Ricardo H. , Souza Pedro S. , Iarocz Lucas E. B. , Hellwig Paola S. , Jacob Raquel G. , Silva Márcio S. , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work we describe the synthesis of selenium‐containing dihydrobenzofurans through the selenocyclization reaction of 2‐allylphenols. The reaction procedure uses only an I2/TBHP oxidant system at room temperature, enabling an efficient synthesis of 2‐[(organoselanyl)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. The products are formed immediately after the addition of the oxidant system in a mixture of 2‐allylphenol and diorganyl diselenide, in the absence of solvent, at mild experimental conditions. Furthermore, control experiments were carried out, including 77Se NMR analyses to identify intermediates, which contributed to the elucidation of the reaction mechanism.
Management of the Motivation System of University Teachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan Under Modern Conditions
Authors: Shakual Shara , Zakirova Dilnara 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to analyze the system of motivation of scientific and pedagogical workers, which operates today in universities, to assess the satisfaction of teachers with the current motivation system that exists in the university and, based on the results of the analysis and evaluation, to formulate recommendations that will be aimed at improving the motivation system of teaching staff in universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The following methods were used in the study: synthesis, comparison, economic and statistical analysis, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained, and graphical representation of data. The data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the results of an Internet survey conducted on the Google Forms platform were used as a source of statistical information. The results of the study are as follows: the dynamics of the number of teachers in the country has been studied, the analysis of the system of labor motivation in universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been carried out, and recommendations aimed at improvement have been formulated. The practical significance of this study is determined by the fact that the proposed recommendations can be the basis for the development of a new system of motivation in universities.
Educational Intervention and Menopausal Adapting: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khandehroo Mansooreh , Salary Maryam , Mahdizadeh Mehrsadat , Peyman Nooshin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMenopause is a multifaceted condition with several problems. Educational interventions regarding self‐care and limiting exposure to menopausal warning indicators can help to minimize problems. As a result, the study aimed to investigate the influence of educational intervention on variables influencing menopausal adaptation.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) intervention in which the researcher developed a standard questionnaire (kapa = o/99, CVR = 0/81, CVI = 0/96, ICC = 0/89) for 130 participants at four education sessions in Mashhad, Iran, in 2023. This questionnaire was completed before the intervention, shortly afterward, and 3 months later.ResultsThe average age was 52 ± 4 years, with no significant difference between the two groups. According to the regression model findings immediately following the intervention, the factors of education level, income level, and age had no significant influence on the overall score of the questionnaire. The linear regression model revealed that the intervention group had a higher average score of 13.89. The outcomes 3 months after the intervention were identical to those immediately following the intervention. Three months after the intervention, there was a substantial change in the score for encountering warning signals and seeking help and self‐care compared to before (p‐value = 0.002, p‐value < 0.001, p‐value = 0.003).ConclusionAccording to the findings of this study, the educational intervention improved the adjusting variables to menopause. Designing proper education interventions can improve menopause adaption by increasing the element of seeking support and self‐care, as well as coping with menopausal warning symptoms. Longer interventions, however, are required to influence menopausal appraisal and comprehension.
The Role of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review
Authors: Uwishema Olivier , Karabulut Ece , Sheikhah Dalal , Kantawala Burhan , Gallo Misgana , Soufan Fatima , Wojtara Magda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionStructural and functional cardiac defects leading to inadequate tissue oxygenation is known as Heart failure (HF) which is characterized by extensive morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology of HF involves systolic and diastolic dysfunction, neurohormonal dysregulation, and imbalance in inflammatory mediators which complicates treatment further. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an approach used for restoring ventricular synchrony and enhancing mechanical efficiency. This study discusses various key points of CRT and its uses in HF and discusses challenges and future implications.MethodsAn extensive review of the literature was conducted with evidence from several databases like Medline, PubMed Central, and Embase. Preference was given to articles published after 2010, but relevant articles even pre‐2010 were included. Mendeley was used as a reference manager for formatting.ResultsFunctional improvements and an enhanced quality of life across a diverse range of patients have been demonstrated using CRT. This has significantly impacted the mortality rates of patients with HF. This manuscript conducted a comparative analysis various hallmark clinical trials conducted in lieu of CRT, across many years (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2017, 2018, 2020). All trials have noted the supremacy of CRT compared to pharmaceutical treatment or other therapeutic methods. Majority of the trial participants had an LVEF of ≤ 35%, a QRS duration of ≤ 150 ms, and were categorized as NYHA class II–IV before initiation of CRT and, posttreatment, LVEF was improved significantly. The main advantages noted were functional improvements, such as enhanced quality of life and reduced mortality.ConclusionThere have been multiple efforts undertaken to address the challenges in CRT, which include a reduction in the rates of nonresponding patients and using alternative adjunctive therapies like defibrillators. These have been shown to improve outcomes among HF patients. Although CRT is noted to be very efficient, some challenges like technological limitations, uncertainty regarding optimal pacing, and nonresponding patients, exist. Ongoing research aims to further develop and revolutionize HF care and improve patient outcomes across the world by refining patient selections and CRT efficacy.
Recent Progress in Tactile Sensing and Machine Learning for Texture Perception in Humanoid Robotics
Authors: Yu Longteng , Liu Dabiao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHumanoid robots have garnered substantial attention recently in both academia and industry. These robots are becoming increasingly sophisticated and intelligent, as seen in health care, education, customer service, logistics, security, space exploration, and so forth. Central to these technological advancements is tactile perception, a crucial modality through which humanoid robots exchange information with their external environment, thereby facilitating human‐like behaviors such as object recognition and dexterous manipulation. Texture perception is particularly vital for these tasks, as the surface morphology of objects significantly influences recognition and manipulation abilities. This review addresses the recent progress in tactile sensing and machine learning for texture perception in humanoid robots. We first examine the design and working principles of tactile sensors employed in texture perception, differentiating between touch‐based and sliding‐based approaches. Subsequently, we delve into the machine learning algorithms implemented for texture perception using these tactile sensors. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities in this evolving field. This review aims to provide insights into the state‐of‐the‐art developments and foster advancements in tactile sensing and machine learning for texture perception in humanoid robotics.
Polarization Imaging Method for Detection of Lung Cancer Based on Symmetrical Single LCVR
Authors: Song Yuan , Huang Danfei , Wang Tianyi , Xie Yi , Song Dong , Hong Jinghui , Yang Yushi , Yan Jiaxuan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLung cancer ranks among the three most prevalent cancers worldwide. Polarization imaging technology can effectively distinguish between cancerous and normal tissues. The most commonly applied method for cancer detection is the dual‐rotating wave plate polarization imaging system (DWRPIS), which is cumbersome and prone to significant error due to 60 mechanical rotations. To address this, our experiment leveraged the stability of the Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder (LCVR) and, based on existing theoretical foundations for simplifying the use of LCVRs, designed a symmetric single‐LCVR polarization imaging system (SSLPIS) for the first time to detect lung cancer images. The SSLPIS is easy to operate, completing the entire acquisition process in just 150 s, with effective Mueller matrix imaging and an overall accuracy rate of over 90%, offering a faster and more precise detection method. This new approach provides an innovative pathway for the rapid detection of lung cancer.
A pilot study for assessing NAO humanoid robot assistance in shoulder rehabilitation
Authors: Raso Alessandra , Pulcinelli Martina , Schena Emiliano , Puglisi Alfio , Pioggia Giovanni , Carnevale Arianna , Longo Umile Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore the potential application of NAO in guiding patients through rehabilitative exercises using external audiovisual stimuli, focusing on temporospatial control in terms of range of motion (ROM), execution time and movement smoothness.MethodsThis is a preliminary analysis involving ten healthy volunteers and two patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders. The protocol was developed in two phases (III and IV) with different ROM limits and including flexion–extension (FE), external‐rotation (ER) and internal‐rotation (IR) exercises, performed at two speeds and both with and without NAO assistance. Simultaneously, upper limb kinematics were assessed using a stereophotogrammetric system as a reference. Performance was evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) for ROM and execution time, with smoothness assessed through Log Dimensionless Jerk analysis.ResultsIn phase III, results for volunteers showed ROM differences in FE and ER, while IR was unaffected by NAO presence. In phase IV, NAO assistance resulted in reduced MAE across nearly all exercises. Patients who only performed phase III exercises at lower speed stayed within ROM limits for all movements performed with NAO, except for ER. For all the participants, results showed a significant reduction in the time MAE when using NAO. Patients exhibit greater smoothness during FE performed with NAO.ConclusionsNAO showed potential in aiding patients with shoulder musculoskeletal disorders to replicate rehabilitation exercises, guiding both ROM and timing while influencing movement smoothness. NAO imitation could lead to improved rehabilitation outcomes and enhanced motor learning of motor skills, fostering greater adherence to prescribed therapy.Level of EvidenceLevel V, diagnostic.
The paradox of lumbopelvic alignment in anterolateral and posterolateral phenotypes of symptomatic hip dysplasia
Authors: Haertlé Marco , Lübbecke Malte , Becker Nils , Windhagen Henning , Karisch Quentin , Ahmad Sufian S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe relationship between sagittal lumbopelvic alignment and the bony pathomorphology of hip dysplasia is currently at the forefront of clinical and scientific interest. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a compensatory lumbopelvic aspect associated with the two major acetabular phenotypes in dysplastic hips.MethodsFrom September 2022 to March 2024, a total of 145 patients with symptomatic bilateral hip dysplasia were included in the study. Hips were categorized into either anterolateral or posterolateral morphologies based on anteroposterior pelvic x‐rays. Additionally, the lumbopelvic sagittal alignment was determined radiographically. Furthermore, a multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the association of lumbopelvic sagittal alignment with additional independent factors.ResultsPelvic tilt (PT) significantly differed between the anterolateral and posterolateral phenotypes of hip dysplasia (16.84° ± 8.75° vs. 11.51° ± 6.63°, respectively; p < 0.001). Similar significant findings were observed for pelvic incidence (57.19° ± 12.96° vs. 50.75° ± 13.1°, respectively; p < 0.001). A PT of >14.5° was identified as the most likely factor associated with anterolateral dysplasia.ConclusionsThe results of this study reveal a paradox in the hip–spine association in hip dysplasia. Contrary to previous theories, it seems that PT constitutes a component of the corresponding phenotype of dysplastic pathology, rather than functioning as a compensatory tilt.Level EvidenceLevel III.