bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme-rainfall Data as a Basis for Landslide Warnings: a Case Study of a Road in Central Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ji-Yuan , Chao Jen-Chih , Wu Cheng-Lin , Hsieh Wei-Fang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In recent years, an increase in extreme rainfall events linked to global warming has led to increases in the number and intensity of disasters such as landslides, landslips, and debris flows in Taiwan. This study focuses on the impact of such events, especially during typhoons, on County Road 89: the main traffic artery in Renai Township, Nantou County. Specifically, it will use an inverse distance weighting method (IDW) to analyze how rainfall at the four rainfall stations in Nantou, located at Renai, Ruiyan, Cuiluan and Cuihua, may related to damage events at the 12.3k, 22.53k, 32.5k, 46.3k, and 49k points on County Road 89. Then, landslide road-damage warning ranges will be drawn up using various combinations of data, including cumulative rainfall, maximum rainfall within a 24-hour period, and I-R alert model (I: rainfall intensity, R: cumulative rainfall), with an I-T alert model (I: rainfall intensity, T: rainfall duration) for comparison. This will yield an optimal warning value for the landslide-prone area of the focal road. Finally, data from County Road 89 will be compared against data from the Lishan landslide area, to ascertain whether/how such warning values should differ across geographic areas. The results are expected to usefully inform follow-up disaster prevention planning as well as further academic research on this topic.
Benefits of the Completion of Sofia’s Subway System as Part of Sustainable Urban Mobility
Authors: Tzvetkova S D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over the past several years all European capitals have been dealing with traffic-related problems, the harmful influence of passenger transport on the environment, and the necessity to adopt measures for achieving sustainable urban mobility. The dynamic development of the city of Sofia in recent years has led to an increased number of personal vehicles, air pollution, and the necessity for servicing large passenger flows effectively and relieving traffic in the city’s center. The global practice is to solve urban mobility transport problems in larger cities with a population of over one million by developing a subway system which should become the primary mode of urban passenger transport, securing quick access to work places, guaranteeing high-quality, safe and secure travel, while simultaneously minimizing pollution, greenhouse effects and energy consumption. The purpose of the present article is to substantiate the necessity for finishing the construction of the capital’s subway system, to indicate the social benefits of the functioning of the first and second subway lines in the context of sustainable urban mobility, and to prognosticate the future social benefits of constructing and commissioning the third subway diameter through analysis of the dynamic of the city’s public transport and the available statistical data.
Test of Physical Quality Compost and PH of Combination of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes Mart. Solm) and Goat Manure Using Rument Liquid Mol as Activator
Authors: Napoleon A , Sulistyani D P , Bakri  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Abstract.This study aims to determine the quality of compost from a combination of water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Mart. Solm) and Goat Manure. The materials used in the research were goat manure, water hyacinth, and bioactivators. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications consisting of treatment P1 = water hyacinth: goat manure (100%: 0%), P2 = water hyacinth: goat manure (75%: 25%), P3 = water hyacinth: goat manure (50%: 50%), P4 = water hyacinth: goat manure (25%: 75%), P5 = water hyacinth: goat manure (0%: 100%). The parameters measured in the study were physical quality (smell, moisture content, temperature, particle size and color) and pH. From the research results obtained showed that the best ratio of water hyacinth and goat manure was 50 % : 50 % in all parameters, both physical properties and pH is in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004.
Moler Disease of Shallot in the Last Three Years at Brebes Central Java: The Intensity and Resulting Yields Losses is Increasing
Authors: Supyani  , Poromarto SH , Supriyadi  , Hadiwiyono  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Shallots are one of the important commodities in Indonesia, and have become a mainstay for farmers in certain areas. This is due to the high economic value, short life, and an average harvest time of only two months. In addition, Brebes district, Central Java is one of the production centers, and farmers here have complained about an increasing disturbance and attacks in recent years. This condition is observed in the form of pathgen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae, responsible for twisting leaf symptoms, and popularly termed “moler” disease. Moreover, Indonesian references show reports on the predominance from the 1970‘s, with the name “busuk umbi” Fusarium. This disease is attributed by many others as the basal plate rot, and is estimated to be important in various shallot producing countries. The paper reports on the attack state within the last three years were based on a direct survey of farmers in Brebes. This was conducted with 35 respondent farmers at 7 sub-districts of shallot production centers. The results show a gradual increased in disease intensity and the resulting yield loss within the last three years. In addition, moler intensity was higher in the rainy season, and inappropriate cultivation practices are were estimated as one of the important driving factors.
Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Fermented ‘Dayak’ Wild Yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), Purple Yam (Dioscorea alata) and Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) Tuber Flour
Authors: Rudito  , Suwarto  , Witono Yuli , Saragih Bernatal , Tangke Arung Enos 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tubers of Dioscorea spp. contain many compounds that have physiological activity that can act as antioxidants and are proven to have various health uses. Antioxidant compounds have a very important role in the health of the human body. Various scientific evidence show that antioxidant compounds reduce the risk of various chronic diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease.The study aimed to determine the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of fermented Dayak wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennts), Purple Yam (Dioscorea alata var. Purpurea) and Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) tubers flour was carried out. Phytochemical testing was carried out by the Harborne method (1987) and antioxidant activity using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively from the average value of 3 replications for each parameter. Phytochemical analysis results showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids and carbohydrates. While the results of the antioxidant activity testing showed that the IC50 value of fermented Dayak wild yam flour (WYF) was 227.43 ppm, air potato tuber flour (APF) was 15.77 ppm and purple yam tuber flour (PYF) was 7.70 ppm. Thus it can be concluded that all three tubers belonging to Dioscorea spp. all of them contain antioxidants with the order of the strength of antioxidant activity sequentially from the strongest to the weakest are PYF, APF and WYF.
Physical and Chemical Quality of Bento Rayap Grass Haylage (Leersia Hexandra) Supplemented with Water Mimmosa (Neptunia Oleracea)
Authors: Riswandi  , Ali A I M , Muhakka  , Imsya A , Abrar A , Sahara E , Hamzah B , Supriadi A , Alpian P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effect of water mimmosa addition on the physical and chemical quality of Bento Rayap grass haylage was evaluated. The haylage material was fermented for 21 days and the physical quality of the resulting product was analyzed through organoleptic test and proximate analysis. Research variables consist of several treatments i.e. A0 (100% Bento Rayap grass), A1 (90% Bento Rayap grass + 10% water mimmosa), A2 (80% Bento Rayap grass + 20% water mimmosa) and A3 (70% Bento Rayap grass + 30% water mimmosa). The parameters observed were (1) physical quality includes color, aroma, texture, fungus and temperature while (2) chemical quality includes dry matter (DM) content, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and acidity (pH). The analysis result shows the addition of water mimmosa improved the physical quality of haylage from Bento grass. Water mimmosa addition also affects the chemical quality of Bento grass haylage confirmed by variance analysis result which gave statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The property affected were DM, OM, CP, CF and pH. It was concluded that the addition of water mimmosa improved the physical and chemical quality of Bento Rayap grass haylage.
Effect of Flue Gas Oxygen Content to Gas-Gas Heater Requirement in Limestone Forced Oxidation Desulfurizer System
Authors: Reza A M , Heksaprilla A B , Chariri F , Tasyrifah U , Gani M B A , Suwondo P D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To comply the regulation, the sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration should be reduced to designated standard of emission which was stated in the regulation. It causes many coal fired power plant (CFPP) need to procure a new or upgrade their desulfurization equipment. In this study the desulfurization method focused on the usage of Limestone forced oxidation (LSFO). The study is based on subcritical 300 MW CFPP and the specification of coal for the calculation was taken from coal properties of Palu 3 CFPP. There are two cases and two configurations in this study. The first case is flue gas oxygen content of 3.5% and the second is 7%. Then in the configuration of with or without gas-gas heater (GGH). The oxygen content condition in the flue gas have an influence to the presence of GGH within LSFO desulfurizer system. The lower of oxygen content in the flue gas then increase the tendency to use GGH.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Standard for Cities: a Case of Jakarta
Authors: Dewi RG , Siagian UWR , Parinderati R , Sevie GN , Hendrawan I , Wati D , Rakhmana R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on developing the GHG Emissions Inventory for Cities in Indonesia, in which Jakarta has become a case study. The inventory has measured and disclosed a comprehensive GHG emissions inventory and to total these emissions using an approach that categorizes all emissions into scopes, depending on where they physically occur, i.e., Scope 1 for direct emissions and Scope 2 for indirect emissions. The GHG emission level of Scope 1 is estimated based on the IPCC 2006 (Tier-1/2), while Scope 2 employs national/local emissions factor that refers to the grid-connected emission factor of JAMALI. Based on the latest inventory in 2018, the GHG emissions profile of Jakarta is summarized as follows, i.e., the GHG emissions of Scope 1 is from direct fuels combustion in transport, industry, commercial and residential sectors (33.5%), fuels combustion in two power generations located in Jakarta (13.8%), and the remaining 3.8% is from waste treatment activity. The GHG emission of Scope 2 (48.8%) comes from the use of electricity (supplied by JAMALI-grid) generated outside the boundary of Jakarta. In addition, this study also shows estimates result of local pollutants that are affecting air quality.
Gender Role in Farmers’ Livelihood Strategies at Peatland Area of Fire-Prone in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency South Sumatra Province
Authors: Nurlia A , Rahmat M , Waluyo E A , Purnama D H , Sabaruddin  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Peatland management cannot be separated from the involvement of men and women. Gender role in farmer’s livelihoods on peatlands are an important factor for the implementation of community livelihood strategies after the policy of prohibiting burning in land management. The research is a survey research using a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Pulu Beruang Village and Kayu Labu Village, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. Data collection was carried out through field observations, interviews and Focus Group Discussions conducted in each village. Research indicated that in both villages, the dominant role in agricultural activities is significant by men, while women’s role in household activities. In terms of access to natural resource management, women and men have equal opportunities. The existence of peat management policy that tends to limit men in carrying out their livelihood systems makes women play a role in earning a living. Men dominate asset ownership, but women have an important role in decision making.
Covid-19: People Activity, Monitoring Development and Environmental Issue
Authors: Heriyati Pantri , Liawatimena Suryadiputra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research attempt to propose the development of human mobility monitoring in the pandemic area in Indonesia. Current data on the COVID-19 is still alarming the world of the vast and aggressive spreading and the urgency to call on responsibilities for pandemic preparedness and response. Country answer to COVID-19 is mainly guided by the international situation, with the advice of organizations such as the WHO, investigation, data modeling based on the best available evidence, and the references. The system-wide response plans will have focused on the steadiness of public and vital public services and the stability of the economy, have been improved for COVID-19, based on the best available systematic evidence and guideline. The methodology uses a descriptive approach with mostly desk research. Data is collected from a secondary source and presented as a report format. For Indonesia COVID-19 situation, to monitor the people activity, this system development needs to find a suitable business center to be determined as a government-controlled logistics center. So that people activity can be more effective because transportation is reduced. With the active location feature activated at the user smartphone, then the system at any time can find out how many people are in a specific location. Their mobility is known at any time. This decision as a basis for the implementation of tracing, tracking, and fencing through infrastructure, systems, and telecommunications applications to support Health Surveillance, therefore, require the government reinforcement.
Ethanolic Extract of Black Cumin Seed Reduced Radical Reactive from Dimethylbenzanthracene Compounds
Authors: Akrom A , Mustofa  , Nurani L H 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Dimethylbenzantracene is a compound that is radical reactive, genotoxic, and immunotoxic. Black cumin seeds have antioxidative properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of the black cumin seed ethanolic extract as an antioxidant by observing the secretion activity of ROI and NO peritoneal macrophages in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats induced by DMBA. This controlled experiment used 30 male SD rats. The test animals were randomly divided into six groups. Group I was given standard food and drink. Group II was given DMBA. Groups III, IV, and V were given EEBCS doses of 5, 25, and 125 mg orally for seven weeks, respectively. Group VI was given Imboost. From week 3 to week seven, all test animals were induced 10x20 DMBA, 2x per week.At week 16, all test animals were sacrificed and isolated and cultured peritoneal macrophage cells. The activity of ROI secretion and NO macrophage secretion was tested. Data on ROI secretion and NO levels were tested for ANOVA, followed by LSD test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that DMBA induction increased ROI secretion by macrophages and decreased NO.EEBCS secretion decreased ROI secretion and grew NO. The DMBA group had the lowest NO levels. This study concluded that EEBCS at doses 5 and 125 reduced the flow of ROI peritoneal macrophages in SD rats induced by DMBA but reduced NO levels.
Hygiene and Sanitation on Post-Harvest Coffee Processing in the South OKU Regency Comunity (Case Study)
Authors: Lilia D , Damiri N , Zulkarnain M , Mulawarman  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the Robusta coffee producing areas in South Sumatera is South Ogan Komering Ulu Regency and it has an area of 70,799 hectares which is spread across 11 sub-districts. This study aims to assess the level of hygiene and sanitation in post-harvest coffee processing, and it was conducted through direct surveys at harvest time and by interviews and questionnaires. Sampling was carried out deliberately, on 30 coffee farmers spread across eleven villages in BPR Ranau Tengah Sub-District. The results showed that the farmers had not yet implemented hygiene and sanitation in post-harvest processing which involved every activity from the picking of the fruit to its storage. At the fruit picking stage, all colors were collected and then dried together without any sorting. The drying stage did not meet the post-harvest coffee processing standards, as it resulted in high water content of the beans, which was between 62,26 ±0,76% and 13,97±0,55. Likewise, the storage process did not meet the hygiene and sanitation standards because not only were the coffee beans put in sacks, they were also stored in poorly ventilated warehouses or storage areas and mixed with other commodities. This predisposed them to fungi contamination. Two ocratoxin producing fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus ochraceus were found in processed and stored coffee beans that did not meet hygiene and sanitation standards.
Protein Energy Deficiency Increases the Risk of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Mulyantoro D K , Kusrini I 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPregnancy is a special physiological period that involves the ingestion of macro and micronutrients in maternal and fetal diseases. Protein-energy deficiency (PED) is the result of the lack of food intake over a long period of (chronic) time in adequate quantity and quality primarily among low socio-economic classes. Meanwhile, anemia is a major nutritional issue for pregnant women in Indonesia that showed inadequate iron intake. This study is aimed to determine the risk of chronic protein-energy deficiency in pregnant women against anemia. 207 pregnant women participated in the cross-sectional study. Anemia was measured by hemoglobin value using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. PED has been identified by measuring the middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and measured body height by microtoice instrument. To test the risk of PED to anemia, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. The results found that 47.8 % of pregnant women with hemoglobin levels < 12 g/l(anemia). MUAC < 23.5 cm (PED) 16.9 % and body height < 150 cm (stunted) is 44.4%. After adjusted with gestational age and height factors, PED has a risk of 2.18 fold to anemia. Protein-energy deficiency in pregnant women may increase the risk of anemia.
Relationship between Particulate Matter and Population of Airborne Microorganism in Goat Farm: A case study at Ladang Pasir Akar, Terengganu
Authors: Mazlan A A , Azid A , Samsudin M S , Razik M A , Shaharudin S M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of particulate matter and airborne microorganism and to evaluate the relationship between particulate matter and airborne microorganism in goat farm of Pasir Akar, Terengganu, Malaysia. Aeroqual 500 series sensor was used to collect particulate matter, while DRF e-MAS was used to catch the airborne microorganism. The collected airborne microorganism was incubated in laboratory and the colony forming unit (cfu) of airborne microorganism was determined using Omeliansky’s formula based on colonial observation formed after incubation. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis to gain parameter concentration and regression analysis to gain significance difference and correlation to assess the relationship between particulates and airborne microbes. As a result, any particulate matter changes will affect airborne microorganism population.
Source of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Equivalent to Plant-Based Control Concept with Dynamic System in Prabumulih City, South Sumatra Province
Authors: Pratiwi Y , Rejo A , Fariani A , Faizal M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) will continue to increase along with human activities that continuously carry out land conversion activities, increased use of vehicles, increased waste, and other activities. This study aims to analyze the factors causing an increase in carbon dioxide emissions in urban areas and plant-based control using causal loops with a dynamic systems approach. Through the analysis method using the causal loop, then determined the cause and effect relationship of each CO2eq emission source variable and its control efforts in Prabumulih City. The results of this study describe the causal loop relationship, both positive and negative relationships between variables from urban CO2eq emission sources and emission control by optimizing plant species as an absorber of CO2eq emissions.
Erosion Measurement by Using Rainfall Simulator at Grass Soil and After Harvested Soil in Wanagama
Authors: Kusumandari A , Satriagasa M C , Hadi Purwanto R , Widayanti W T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Erosion is a global problem, including in Wanagama. With the high risk of erosion, both naturally and due to high human activity, it is interesting and it is important to know how much erosion is in the Wanagama forest, especially in this study on kolonjono grasslands (Brachiaria mutica). The result of this study can be used as a base to avoid land degradation, while working together with the surrounding community needs to be maintained, which has recently become a trend in forest management in general to maintain the harmony of sustainable and sustainable forest management. However, the problem in measuring the erosion was faced when the rainfall happens rarely as a result of climate change. So, the development of erosion measurement tools is urgently required. The use of rainfall simulator was studied in order to find out that although during the dry season the erosion research can be carried out. The purpose of this study was to measure the erosion rate at the grass soil and after harvested soil, and to prove the use of rainfall simulator for measuring erosion. This study resulted that both the erosion and runoff have a positive correlation with the rainfall duration with the R square of 0.993 to 1. The erosion rate at the grass soil and at the post harvested soil were almost the same so there was no significant difference. However, the runoff at the grass soil was significantly different from the runoff at the post harvested soil.
Fagonia stabilized gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Mariam Rukhsana , Naz Gul , Ramzan Muhammad , Anjum Muhammad Naeem , Anjum Shazia , Abdullah Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Fagonia , as a stabilizing and reducing agent, applying the green approach. The phytochemicals present in Fagonia extract are responsible for the creation of GNPs. The reaction kinetics of Fagonia stabilized GNPs (FGNPs) was observed through the optical absorption spectra and the absorption maxima occurred at 547 nm. The face-centered cubic (FCC) nature of the GNPs was analyzed by the XRD pattern and average crystallite size (D) was measured about 10 nm. TEM images showed roughly spherical shapes of FGNPs. Evidence of successful formation of FGNPs was revealed by FTIR spectra of pure Fagonia and FGNPs. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis of FGNPs exhibited a sharp red emission at about 700 nm. TGA technique showed a weight loss of about 19.3% in FGNPs confirming the presence of ligand onto the surface of GNPs. As-synthesized GNPs were investigated for their biomedical application i.e. antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Cocci. The eco-friendly prepared GNPs could play an important role in antimicrobial applications and their visible emission property may suggest the use of such FGNPs as potential biomarkers.