bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Homozygous Missense Variant in PPP1R1B/DARPP‐32 Is Associated With Generalized Complex Dystonia
Authors: Khan Amjad , Molitor Anne , Mayeur Sylvain , Zhang Gaoqun , Rinaldi Bruno , Lannes Béatrice , Lhermitte Benoît , Umair Muhammad , Arold Stefan T. , Friant Sylvie , Rastegar Sepand , Anheim Mathieu , Bahram Seiamak , Carapito Raphael 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe dystonias are a heterogeneous group of hyperkinetic disorders characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal movements and/or postures. Although more than 200 causal genes are known, many cases of primary dystonia have no clear genetic cause.ObjectivesTo identify the causal gene in a consanguineous family with three siblings affected by a complex persistent generalized dystonia, generalized epilepsy, and mild intellectual disability.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing in the parents and two affected siblings and characterized the expression of the identified gene by immunohistochemistry in control human and zebrafish brains.ResultsWe identified a novel missense variant (c.142G>A (NM_032192); p.Glu48Lys) in the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B gene (PPP1R1B) that was homozygous in all three siblings and heterozygous in the parents. This gene is also known as dopamine and cAMP‐regulated neuronal phosphoprotein 32 (DARPP‐32) and has been involved in the pathophysiology of abnormal movements. The uncovered variant is absent in public databases and modifies the conserved glutamate 48 localized close to the serine 45 phosphorylation site. The PPP1R1B protein was shown to be expressed in cells and regions involved in movement control, including projection neurons of the caudate‐putamen, substantia nigra neuropil, and cerebellar Purkinje cells. The latter cells were also confirmed to be positive for PPP1R1B expression in the zebrafish brain.ConclusionsWe report the association of a PPP1R1B/DARPP‐32 variant with generalized dystonia in man. It might be relevant to include the sequencing of this new gene in the diagnosis of patients with otherwise unexplained movement disorders. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Accelerated derivative‐free method for nonlinear monotone equations with an application
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim Abdulkarim , Kumam Poom , Bala Abubakar Auwal , Adamu Abubakar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn optimization theory, to speed up the convergence of iterative procedures, many mathematicians often use the inertial extrapolation method. In this article, based on the three‐term derivative‐free method for solving monotone nonlinear equations with convex constraints [Calcolo, 2016;53(2):133‐145], we design an inertial algorithm for finding the solutions of nonlinear equation with monotone and Lipschitz continuous operator. The convergence analysis is established under some mild conditions. Furthermore, numerical experiments are implemented to illustrate the behavior of the new algorithm. The numerical results have shown the effectiveness and fast convergence of the proposed inertial algorithm over the existing algorithm. Moreover, as an application, we extend this method to solve the LASSO problem to decode a sparse signal in compressive sensing. Performance comparisons illustrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the method.
Construct validity and internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Literacy Scale in South African and Zambian contexts
Authors: Korhonen Joonas , Axelin Anna , Katajisto Jouko , Lahti Mari ,   MEGA consortium/Research Team
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) in South Africa (SA) and Zambia.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and December 2019.MethodsThe study population comprised PHC workers (n = 454) in five districts in SA and Zambia. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha was applied to measure the internal consistency of the MHLS.ResultsCronbach's alpha values for three attributes were below the appropriate level, but the value was strong (0.804) for the whole scale. The study found nine components explaining ~59% of the total variance of variables. All MHLS items loaded to main attributes based on the theory of MHL. The results stated that the revised version of the MHLS is a construct valid instrument with strong internal consistency.
Optimal control of electrical vehicle incorporated hybrid power system with second order fractional‐active disturbance rejection controller
Authors: Safiullah Sheikh , Rahman Asadur , Ahmad Lone Shameem 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a novel control methodology employing a fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller for the combined operation of load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator of a hybrid power system. A two area hybrid power system with diverse energy sources like solar‐thermal, conventional‐thermal and wind sources equipped with appropriate system nonlinearities is investigated. In order to ascertain the role of modern‐day electric‐vehicle (EV), the hybrid power system is incorporated with EVs in both the areas. To establish an effective frequency, voltage and tie line power control of the hybrid power system, a second order fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller with fractional‐extended state observer is modeled as secondary controller. Magnetotactic‐bacteria‐optimization (MBO) technique is applied to obtain optimal values of the controller gains and the hybrid system parameters. The robustness of the controller gains is tested under different system parameter changes from their nominal values. In addition, the effect of incorporating a power system stabilizer on the hybrid power system is evaluated. Further, the impact of integrating renewable sources and EVs in the hybrid power system is explored. Moreover, the stability of the hybrid power system is monitored with the inclusion of FACTS device. The developed controller operates encouragingly with reference to system stability, rapidity and accuracy in comparison to testified control strategies available in the literature. The robustness test under load‐perturbation, solar‐insolation, wind input variations also proves the efficiency of MBO optimized second order fractional‐active‐disturbance‐rejection‐controller gains.
Fabrication of hollow carbon spheres modified by molybdenum compounds towards toxicity reduction and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Feng Tingting , Zhang Yanli , Wang Yaxuan , Dong Huixin , Piao Junxiu , Wang Yaofei , Ren Jinyong , Chen Wenjiao , Liu Wei , Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article mainly studied novel hollow carbon microspheres modified with molybdenum compounds for flame retardancy and toxicity reduction in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer. The structure of hollow carbon spheres (HCS) was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive spectrometer, respectively. The specific molybdenum compounds on the surface of HCS were further investigated by X‐ray diffraction. The flame retardancy and toxicity reduction of hollow carbon microsphere in TPU composites were studied by cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and so forth. The result shows that HCS modified by molybdenum compounds (MOH) can reduce fire hazards and toxic release of TPU during combustion. For example, under the same load, the peak heat release rate of TPU/MOH composite decreased by 63.39%, that of TPU composite prepared by modified HCS with ammonium molybdate (TPU/AMH) decreased by 52.89%, and that of TPU composite prepared by introducing acidulated carbonized HCS (TPU/CAH) decreased by 40.73%, compared with that of pure TPU. The peak smoke production rate (pSPR), peak carbon monoxide production (pCOP), and peak carbon dioxide production (pCO2P) of TPU/MOH composite decreased by 52.34%, 72.4%, and 68.3%, respectively. Therefore, there is a novel strategy to incorporate modified HCS to TPU, facilitating its widely promising applications in TPU.
Abrasion‐resistance of UHMWPE reinforced by illite‐smectite interstratified clay and low dose radiation
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Dong Penggang , Cheng Guojun , Zhao Bo , Tang Zhongfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUltra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/illite‐smectite interstratified clay minerals (ISIC) composites were irradiated by γ‐ray in air and N2 at 75 kGy. The abrasion‐resistance of composites were studied via a ring‐on‐ring friction tester under dry friction conditions. Compared with virgin UHMWPE, the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE filled with 0.5 wt% ISIC powders and irradiated by γ‐ray in N2 could be further reduced by near 3.1% and 88.0%, respectively. The worn surfaces of the UHMWPE/ISIC composites irradiated in N2 were relatively smooth after dry friction. The composites exhibited relatively high wear resistance. ISIC powders can play the role of heterogeneous nucleation and induce the crystallization of UHMWPE, thereby improving the abrasion‐resistance. The linear molecular chain of UHMWPE was transformed into a three‐dimensional crosslinked structure after irradiation, which can effectively enhance the plastic deformation resistance and then improve the tribological properties. The results show that low filling amount of ISIC powders and γ‐ray irradiation in N2 are effective strategies to improve abrasion resistance of UHMWPE.
Engaging peers to promote well‐being and inclusion of newcomer students: A call for equity‐informed peer interventions
Authors: Crooks Claire V. , Kubishyn Nataliya , Noyes Amira , Kayssi Gina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough newcomer youth demonstrate high levels of resiliency, many experience challenges in emotional, linguistic, academic, and social functioning. Over the past decade, some promising school‐based psychosocial interventions for newcomer youth have been developed. These interventions are necessary, but not sufficient to promote well‐being. Without attention to the larger context, focusing solely on the skills and adjustment of newcomer youth could potentially stigmatize students further. There is a need to engage non‐newcomer peers for two reasons. First, peer relationships and inclusion are important predictors of well‐being. Second, from an equity lens, there is a need to create environments that promote youth well‐being; at the very least, these environments must engage non‐newcomer youth in recognizing and combatting discrimination. This study outlines the need for peer‐focused programming to support newcomers and describes existing research on interventions developed to promote peer relationships (e.g., mentoring) or reduce discrimination (e.g., teacher‐led discrimination reduction approaches). We identify other intervention models that could inform how to add an equity lens to school mental health intervention, including how a gender‐sexuality alliance model could be adapted, and how equity considerations could be integrated into bystander approaches. We conclude with specific implications and recommendations for embedding equity into school mental health.
Pediatric asthma symptom control during lockdown for the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spring 2020: A prospective community‐based study in Cyprus and Greece
Authors: Kouis Panayiotis , Michaelidou Eleni , Kinni Paraskevi , Michanikou Antonis , Anagnostopoulou Pinelopi , Dimitriou Helen , Karanicolas Kostas , Matthaiou Andreas M. , Achilleos Souzana , Papatheodorou Stefania I. , Koutrakis Petros , Middleton Nicos , Galanakis Emmanouil , Yiallouros Panayiotis K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo prospectively quantify at the community level changes in asthma symptom control and other morbidity indices, among asthmatic schoolchildren in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown measures.MethodsIn Spring 2019 and Spring 2020, we prospectively assessed monthly changes in pediatric asthma control test (c‐ACT), asthma medication usage, infections and unscheduled visits for asthma among schoolchildren with active asthma in Cyprus and Greece. We compared asthma symptom control and other morbidity indices before and during lockdown measures, while participants’ time spent at home was objectively assessed by wearable sensors.ResultsA total of 119 asthmatic children participated in the study during Spring 2020. Compared to a mean baseline (pre‐COVID‐19 lockdown) c‐ACT score of 22.70, adjusted mean increases of 2.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91, 3.26,p < 0.001) and 3.57 (95% CI: 2.88, 4.27,p < 0.001) in the 2nd and 3rd monthly assessments were observed after implementation of lockdown measures. A mean increase in c‐ACT score of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.47,p < 0.001) was noted per 10% increase in the time spent at home. Improvement was more profound in children with severe asthma, while significant reductions in infections, asthma medication usage and unscheduled visits for asthma were also observed. During Spring 2019, 39 children participated in the study in the absence of lockdown measures and no changes in c‐ACT or other indices of disease severity were observed.ConclusionsClinically meaningful improvements in asthma symptom control, among asthmatic schoolchildren were observed during the COVID‐19 lockdown measures in Spring 2020. Improvements were independently associated with time spent at home and were more profound in the children with severe asthma.
The effect of Ganges river basin irrigation on pre‐monsoon rainfall
Authors: Fletcher J. K. , Birch C. E. , Keane R. J. , Taylor C. M. , Folwell S. S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe first experiment studying the effect of irrigation on pre‐monsoon rainfall in India using a high‐resolution convection‐permitting model has been carried out. This study includes both short (3‐day) experiments and month‐long free‐running simulations, enabling investigation of the effect of irrigation on mesoscale circulations and associated rainfall.In the pre‐monsoon, it is found that irrigation increases rainfall in our simulations. Intriguingly, the rainfall increase found in the high‐resolution model mostly occurs on the mountains near the irrigation rather than over the irrigated region itself. This is because our applied irrigation is in low‐lying regions, and so it enhances the mountain‐valley flows leading to enhancement of diurnally driven orographic rainfall. Because Ganges basin irrigation occurs near mountains which already have some of the highest rainfall rates in the world, and which are subject to flash flooding and landslides, this has significant implications for hazards in mountainous regions during the pre‐monsoon and early monsoon period.
Turbulence and equatorial waves in moist and dry shallow‐water flow, excited through mesoscale stochastic forcing
Authors: Schröttle J. , Suhas D. L. , Harnik N. , Sukhatme J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTurbulence and large‐scale waves in the tropical region are studied using the spherical shallow‐water equations. With mesoscale vorticity forcing, both moist and dry systems show an upscale transfer of kinetic energy which is dominated by rotational modes, scales as a power law with exponent, requires eddy–eddy interactions and ranges from the forcing scale to the respective equatorial deformation radius. At larger planetary scales, the divergent component of the energy increases and we see a footprint of tropical waves. The dry system shows a signature of the entire family of equatorial waves, while the moist simulations show only low‐frequency Rossby, Kelvin and mixed Rossby–gravity waves with an equivalent depth that matches rapid condensation estimates. Initially, runs with interactive moisture exhibit a weak inverse transfer of moisture variance as well exponential growth across a range of length‐scales. This results in an equilibrium moist energy spectrum obeying a 2 power law and the formation of moisture aggregates. Once formed, aggregates propagate westward in the Tropics with speeds of the order of a few metres per second. In contrast, forcing divergence does not excite an inverse transfer, and injected energy remains trapped at the forcing scale. Height (i.e., temperature or mass) forcing results in a peak at the forcing scale, but also generates large‐scale waves and projects onto rotational modes which undergo an inverse energy transfer. Similarly, forcing the moisture field by itself produces an inverse transfer of rotational energy and a well‐formed large‐scale equatorial wave spectrum. Notably, the height‐ and moisture‐forced inverse transfers are different in nature. Specifically, they require the presence of ambient planetary rotation. In all, these experiments demonstrate that the vortical and divergent wind are inextricably linked with the evolving moisture field, and that large‐scale equatorial waves co‐exist with synoptic‐scale moist turbulence.
Global evidence on early effects of COVID‐19 on stock markets
Authors: Kapar Burcu , Buigut Steven , Rana Faisal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use event study approach to assess the effects of the early stages of COVID‐19 on global markets. A large sample of stock markets (63) covering all key global markets and regions is included. The findings indicate that the Wuhan lockdown induces negative spillover effects on markets in Europe, North America, and other global markets that have yet to introduce domestic restrictions and have minimal infections at the time. Increasing cases outside China particularly in Europe and the introduction of containment measures result in severe market decline. Our findings highlight the need for quick, globally coordinated response to contagious diseases.
Global dynamic output feedback stabilization for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems
Authors: Zhai Junyong , Liu Ce 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the issue of global dynamic output feedback stabilization for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems. At first, an output feedback controller (OFC) is designed for the nominal system by virtue of adding one power integrator technique. Then, two dynamic gains are introduced into the proposed OFC to implement global stabilization of the closed‐loop system. Moreover, the proposed method can be broadened to a family of high‐order upper‐triangular nonlinear systems. To the end, two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cover crop grazing impacts on soil properties and crop yields under irrigated no‐till corn–soybean management
Authors: Anderson Lindsey K. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Drewnoski Mary E. , MacDonald James C. , Carlson Zachary , Hansen Ben H. , Brinton McKenna M. , Ulmer Kristen M. , Calus Kallie J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCover crop (CC) grazing can be a strategy to reintegrate livestock with crops, but how this integration affects soils and crop yields is unclear. We studied the impact of cattle grazing an oat (Avena sativa L.) CC in the fall on soil properties of a silt loam in a field‐scale irrigated no‐till corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] experiment in eastern Nebraska. Each rotation was present each year in two adjacent fields. During the 5‐yr study, Field I was grazed two times, and Field II was grazed three times. Grazing occurred on each field every other year. Treatments were arranged in a split‐plot design with corn harvest (corn silage and high‐moisture corn [HMC]) as main plots with no CC, nongrazed CC, and grazed CC as split plots. Corn silage was harvested 15 d before HMC; HMC was harvested about 25 d before typical corn harvest time. Cover crop grazing reduced aboveground CC biomass without affecting soil penetration resistance, bulk density, aggregate stability, hydraulic properties, organic matter concentration, particulate organic matter concentration, microbial biomass, and corn and soybean yields compared with nongrazed CC. Likewise, compared with no CC, nongrazed CC had no effect except for some improvement in soil microbial properties. However, corn silage harvest negatively affected most near‐surface soil properties but not crop yields compared with HMC. Cover crop did not generally offset the negative impacts of corn silage on soil properties. In conclusion, CC grazing had no impact on soil properties and yields, but corn silage adversely affected soil properties.
Neural‐networktransformation models for counting processes
Authors: Liu Rongzi , Li Chenxi , Lu Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile many survival models have been invented, the Cox model and the proportional odds model are among the most popular ones. Both models are special cases of the linear transformation model. The linear transformation model typically assumes a linear function on covariates, which may not reflect the complex relationship between covariates and survival outcomes. Nonlinear functional form can also be specified in the linear transformation model. Nonetheless, the underlying functional form is unknown and mis‐specifying it leads to biased estimates and reduced prediction accuracy of the model. To address this issue, we develop a neural‐network transformation model. Similar to neural networks, the neural‐network transformation model uses its hierarchical structure to learn complex features from simpler ones and is capable of approximating the underlying functional form of covariates. It also inherits advantages from the linear transformation model, making it applicable to both time‐to‐event analyses and recurrent event analyses. Simulations demonstrate that the neural‐network transformation model outperforms the linear transformation model in terms of estimation and prediction accuracy when the covariate effects are nonlinear. The advantage of the new model over the linear transformation model is also illustrated via two real applications.
Multiple Stimuli‐Responsive MXene‐Based Hydrogel as Intelligent Drug Delivery Carriers for Deep Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhang Changqing , Deng Dawei , Gu Yueqing , Wang Huan , Zhong Qifeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic wound healing is an important and basic issue in medical and healthcare fields. Recently, stimuli‐responsive hydrogel systems have emerged as promising drug delivery carriers for wound management. However, given to the limited therapeutic outcomes, new hydrogel systems for efficient wound treatment are urgently needed. Here, the development of a 2D MXene‐based hydrogel system for highly efficient photo‐ and magnetic‐responsive drug delivery oriented to deep chronic wounds repair is presented. The intelligent responsive MXene‐based hydrogel drug delivery system is composed of MXene‐wrapped magnetic colloids and poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐alginate dual‐network hydrogels. It is demonstrated that the MXene‐based hydrogel system exhibits multiple response capability and controllable drug delivery ability, which can reduce the toxic side effects of drugs and promote the wound healing process as well. Notably, the practical performance of the MXene‐based hydrogel drug delivery system is demonstrated by applying it to the treatment of the full‐thickness cutaneous wound and subcutaneous infected wound of the rat model, which indicates the great prospect in clinical wound healing and other related biomedical fields.