bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CANCER INCIDENCE AMONG EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIAN GROUP OF CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kalinkin D. E. , Takhauov R. M. , Milto I. V. , Karpov A. B. , Takhauova L. R. , Zhuikova L. D. , Ananina O. A. 
Published: October 2021

Background. One of the main directions in the field of ensuring radiation safety of “nuclear legacy” facilities is the assessment of radiation effects and most significant radiogenic risks in employees of nuclear enterprises and their descendants.Objective. Analysis of the cancer incidence among employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of their professional activities.Material and Methods. The actual values and standardized estimated risks of developing cancer among the SGCE workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation were calculated using generally accepted methods based on the information of the regional medical dosimetry registry of Seversk Biophysical Research Center of FMBA, containing updated data on all SGCE employees diagnosed with cancer (period from 01.01.1950 to 31.12.2015 inclusive). The control group consisted of workers who were not occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.Results. Among the male personnel of the SGCE, the highest incidence of cancer of the digestive, respiratory, and skin organs (including melanoma) was observed in patients aged 50–59 and 70–79 years. Among the female workers, the highest cancer incidence was in the age group 40–49 years; cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, genital tract and breast was the most common. The cancer incidence rate in the SGCE workers who occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was not higher that that observed in the control group. The median age of male cancer patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was significantly lower than the median age of male cancer patients of the control group. In female cancer patients, a significant difference in the median age of cancer diagnosis was found only in relation to skin cancer. Both male and female SGCE personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation was at high risk of certain cancers: among male patients – cancer of the mesothelium and soft tissues, genital organs, eyes and brain, as well as multiple primary tumors; among female patients – cancer of lips, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive system, respiratory system, skin (including melanoma), mesothelium, soft tissues, breast, urinary tract, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, as well as multiple primary tumors.Conclusion. The data obtained will allow determination of the main directions for assessing the health risks of personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the formation of a set of measures aimed at improving the system of protection and improving the health of workers at radiation hazardous enterprises and the extension of their working longevity.
DETECTION OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN THE BRAF GENE BY PYROSEQUENCING
Authors: Dribnokhodova O. P. , Dunaeva E. A. , Leshkina G. V. , Yarygina E. A. , Bukharina A. Yu. , Voiciehovskaya Ya. A. , Borisova E. V. , Bormotova S. K. , Daoud A. I. , Khlavich V. N. , Mironov K. O. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Detection of somatic mutations in the BRAF gene can be used in clinical oncology to clarify the diagnosis, select therapy and assess the prognosis of the disease. Pyrosequencing technology makes it possible to identify both already known and new mutations, as well as to determine the mutant allele ratio in the sample.The aim of the study was to develop the pyrosequencing-based method for detecting mutations in 592–601 codons of the BRAF gene.Material and Methods. The nucleotide sequences were obtained using «PyroMark Q24» instrument. The sensitivity and specificity of the method were estimated using dilutions of plasmid DNA samples containing the intact BRAF gene fragment mixed with sequence containing one of the mutations V600E, V600R, V600K, V600M, and K601E. The clinical testing was performed on 200 samples from thyroid nodules.Results. The developed method makes it possible to determine samples containing 2 % of the mutant allele for mutations V600K and V600R, 3 % for V600E and V600M, and 10 % for K601E. The pyrogram signal values for samples without mutations ranged from 0 to 19.5 % for different mutations. An analysis algorithm was developed to confirm the presence and differentiation of mutations in the 600 codon at a low proportion of the mutant allele based on the signals ratio on the pyrogram. The 47 clinical samples with mutations were found, 45 with V600E and 1 with V600_K601>E, for one sample, the type of mutation in the 600 codon could not be determined. The proportion of the mutant allele was 3.5–45 %. The concentration of extracted DNA less than 10 copies per mkl was obtained in 47 samples, of which 8 samples were found to have the mutations.Conclusion. The pyrosequencing-based method was developed for the detection of somatic mutations in 592–601 codons of the BRAF gene. The technique provided sufficient sensitivity to detect frequent mutations in the 600 codon and allowed the detection of rare mutations. Extraction of DNA from clinical samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy in most cases provided a sufficient concentration of DNA, which made it possible to use the technique in combination with cytological analysis without additional sampling. This approach can be applied to determine somatic mutations in DNA fragments of same length for other oncogenes.
INFLUENCE OF UNILATERAL SCIATIC NERVE LIGATION ON THE TUMOR-BEARING RATS WITH THE FEATURES OF SYSTEMIC REGULATION
Authors: Kit O. I. , Zhukova G. V. , Shikhlyarova A. I. , Goncharova A. S. , Tkachev S. Yu. , Protasova T. P. , Lukbanova E. A. , Mindar M. V. 
Published: October 2021

The issue of factors that modify the tumor process stays relevant. The effect of unilateral sciatic nerve ligation on the growth of Guerin's transplantable carcinoma and the lifespan of white outbred rats of the same age, which differed in adaptation status and aging rates, was studied.Material and Methods. The motor activity (open field test), the character and tension of the general nonspecific adaptional reactions of the body (AR) according to Garkavi–Kvakina–Ukolova, the dynamics of tumor sizes and the lifespan of rats after Guerin’s carcinoma transplantation were evaluated.Results. The effect of unilateral sciatic nerve ligation differed from the unidirectional negative effects known in tumor-bearing animals after bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve. In groups with unilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve and a false operation, more than 40 % of animals showed an increase in lifespan compared with the maximum lifespan in the control group. At the same time, in the most cases, the tumor growth rate was similar to the control indicators or exceeded them (more 25 % of cases). A temporary inhibition of tumor growth was observed only in individual animals. There was no direct relationship between tumor growth or lifespan and the degree of decrease in the motor activity of animals 4 weeks after nerve ligation. A correlation between the changes in the ARs and lifespans of animals and, to a lesser extent, the dynamics of tumor growth was observed. The distinct negative effect of increased aging rate, measured by animal weight, on tumor development and lifespan in studied rats was shown, but not in the cases of sciatic nerve ligation. Unilateral sciatic nerve ligation had a multidirectional effect on tumor growth and lifespan in rats with different rates of aging, depending, probably, on the individual pain sensitivity and the individual features of systemic regulation of tumor-bearing animals.Conclusion. The results reflect the complex relationship between processes associated with chronic pain, oncogenesis, aging and features of neuroendocrine and immune regulation of experimental animals. The question of the reasons for the preservation of viability in animals that underwent surgery and ligation of the sciatic nerve, when the tumors reach large sizes, exceeding this indicator in the control group, needs to be clarified.
Innovative use of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) press cake in the food industry
Authors: Sheir Marwa A. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Date press cake is a waste product of date juice making that can lead to potentially serious environmental problems if discarded in large amounts in open areas. Therefore, it needs to be utilized. Our study aimed to investigate the possibilities of using date press cake powder to formulate innovative ready-to-eat products – vegan biscuits and vegan protein bars.
Study objects and methods. The food products under study were subjected to a palatability test, a nutritional value evaluation, a texture profile analysis, and a scanning electron microscopy, as well as a microbiological assay performed during 8 months of storage.
Results and discussion. The palatability test showed that the biscuits supplemented with 10% date press cake had the best acceptable preference, compared to control, 5 and 15% date press cake samples. Our innovative vegan protein bar scored highest in overall acceptability, flavor, taste, texture, and willingness to buy, compared to the commercial vegan protein bar. Overall, our study showed that both of our products were safe to consume within 8 months. Additionally, our innovative protein bar and fortified biscuits had high proportions of the recommended dietary allowances for most nutrients for adolescents and athletes, especially for vegetarians.
Conclusion. Date press cake can be successfully used as a food ingredient to produce new formulations of vegan protein bars. Additionally, it can be used as an alternative ingredient to improve the nutritional quality of vegan biscuits.
Experiences of Blogging About Visible and Long-term Skin Conditions: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Tour Selina K , Thompson Andrew , Howard Ruth A , Larkin Michael 
Published: October 2021

Background
Skin conditions can detract from people’s quality of life, much like conditions such as cancer, chronic pain, and depression. Visible skin conditions can lead to risk of stigmatization. It is acknowledged that there is a lack of available psychosocial support for people living with chronic skin conditions. One way in which individuals with long-term conditions are self-managing and providing peer support is through blogging and exchanging information on the web. To date, no research has specifically investigated how individuals with skin conditions experience the use blogging for self-management.

Objective
This study sought to investigate the experiences of individuals with visible, long-term skin conditions when blogging about their conditions.

Methods
A systematic blog search and a short survey were used for recruitment. A total of 4 participants took part in email interviews, which were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Skin conditions included alopecia, psoriasis, and hirsutism. The content of these individuals’ blogs was also analyzed using a qualitative template method derived from the IPA analysis.

Results
The interviews and accounts revealed a clear sense of uncertainty about the course of the bloggers’ skin conditions. This appeared to be associated with feelings of distress and isolation, searching for treatments, and ultimately a sense of defeat. The data revealed that blogging provided a space where this sense of defeat was managed and challenged. Posting on the web facilitated connection with others and enabled support networks to be established that assisted in challenging the feelings of isolation experienced. The data demonstrate the important role that blogging played for these participants in developing a sense of acceptance of their condition.

Conclusions
Blogging may provide a way for individuals to self-manage distress associated with visible skin conditions. It may provide similar benefits to those known to be derived from emotional disclosure that occurs during writing, with an added peer support dimension. Blogging has occurred naturalistically on web-based forums, and this study demonstrates how this form of interaction may warrant adaptation for use with web-based psychosocial interventions for people living with skin conditions. This study had a limited sample of 4 bloggers; therefore, further exploration would be needed to consider the utility of this approach.
Falta grave e sua interferência na rotatividade dos presídios do Estado de São Paulo: uma análise a partir das decisões do DEECRIM – 2ªRAJ.
Authors: Mendes Bruno Barros 
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender o que é disciplina no âmbito do sistema penitenciário brasileiro, o que são as faltas disciplinares nos termos da Lei de Execuções Penais, como são classificadas e quais suas consequências durante o processo executório. Além disso, apresenta pesquisa empírica consistente em análise dos procedimentos julgados pelo Departamento Estadual de Execução Criminal da 2a Região Administrativa Judiciária (DEECRIM-2aRAJ), submetidos ao Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo, tendo como principal objetivo verificar se os procedimentos disciplinares violam direitos e garantias fundamentais dos sentenciados na prática. Por meio de acesso ao portal eletrônico do Tribunal Paulista, foi possível realizar a seleção procedimentos analisados e comprovar o descompasso entre o procedimento previsto na lei com a prática real. Por fim, comparando os resultados com os relatórios oficiais emitidos pelo Departamento Penitenciário Nacional, aponta a possibilidade desse distanciamento entre vigência e a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais estar interferindo na rotatividade dos presídios locais.
La Directiva “Whistleblowing”: Aspectos clave de su transposición al ordenamiento jurídico español
Authors: Caro Catalán José 
Published: October 2021

En el presente trabajo se analiza el contenido de Directiva (uE) 2019/1937 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 23 de octubre de 2019 relativa a la protección de las personas que informen sobre infracciones del Derecho de la unión y su proceso de transposición al ordenamiento jurídico español. Como punto de partida, se realiza una contextualización del fenómeno del whistleblowing a nivel global. Luego se aborda el contenido esencial de la Directiva, profundizando en los canales de denuncias internos y externos. Y, por último, se abordan los aspectos clave de su transposición al ordenamiento jurídico español. Para llevar a cabo este último epígrafe, el autor se sirve de la consulta pública sobre la transposición de la Directiva planteada por el Ministerio de Justicia el 7 de enero de 2021 así como de algunas de las aportaciones realizadas en el seno de ese proceso por entidades e instituciones interesadas. Por último, el artículo se refiere brevemente al proceso de transposición de la Directiva en otros Estados miembros.
Reformalización en la mira de la congruencia
Authors: Guerra Espinosa Rodrigo Andrés 
Published: October 2021

En relación con la reformalización, introducida en el Derecho procesal penal mediante las practicas del Ministerio Público, el autor se hace cargo de la situación jurídica de este fenómeno en el sistema chileno, en el contexto del principio de congruencia. Luego de confirmar la interpretación legal desde la cual se autoriza su uso y de presentarse las sentencias disponibles en la materia, se propone un análisis crítico de la reformalización.
“Nas águas turvas do penal”: os fatos e a prova nos processos de responsabilização em casos de letalidade policial
Authors: Ferreira Poliana da Silva 
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo complexificar a leitura sobre a prova nos processos de responsabilização jurídica oriundos de abordagens policiais com resultado morte. Essencialmente, busca-se organizar a literatura sobre o tema e reler os dados produzidos em estudos de caso, anteriormente desenvolvidos pela autora. A análise das recentes pesquisas sobre a letalidade policial, a leitura sistemática de documentos públicos e outros insumos dos estudos de caso permitem lançar luz sobre três dimensões da prova na responsabilização de agentes de segurança pública implicados na morte de civis: a incerteza, a recursividade e a dialeticidade, categorias construídas a partir dos trabalhos de Françoise Tulkens e Michel Van de kerchove (1998), a respeito da opacidade do direito penal e que, neste artigo, viabilizam uma compreensão dos nós que tem impossibilitado a responsabilização da polícia que mata.
Prisão preventiva e standards de prova: propostas para o processo penal brasileiro
Authors: Badaró Massena Caio 
Published: October 2021

A partir das recentes discussões no âmbito da epistemologia jurídica, o presente trabalho pretende investigar e propor standards de prova para a decisão que decreta a prisão preventiva do imputado no processo penal brasileiro. Com este objetivo, na primeira parte responderá aos seguintes questionamentos: por que utilizar standards de prova e como formular um standard de prova. A seguir, analisará a relação entre a técnica processual de cognição e os standards probatórios e explicitará a estrutura fático-legal da decisão judicial sobre medidas cautelares pessoais. Finalmente, a partir destes aportes teóricos, somados à análise dos conceitos utilizados pelo legislador e da interpretação dada pela processualística penal brasileira aos dispositivos legais, o estudo proporá standards de prova tanto para o fumus comissi delicti quanto para o periculum libertatis. A metodologia utilizada ao longo do trabalho será a revisão bibliográfica de estudos sobre epistemologia jurídica e direito processual penal.
La mediazione in fase esecutiva nel sistema italiano: il quadro normativo e le dinamiche applicative
Authors: Vicoli Daniele 
Published: October 2021

Nel sistema italiano, la vittima, sebbene abbia assunto un ruolo di crescente importanza, resta ai margini della fase di esecuzione della pena. All’indifferenza legislativa se ne aggiunge un’altra: il tema della mediazione – al centro di diffuse analisi sul piano delle possibili alternative al rito ordinario – risulta esaminato in modo superficiale nel quadro delle dinamiche esecutive. L’articolo intende offrire un contributo utile a colmare questa lacuna. Nelle linee di fondo, il tratto distintivo della mediazione in executivis è rappresentato dall’intervenuta irrevocabilità della sentenza: un fattore che si palesa ambivalente, nella misura in cui può agevolare percorsi a valenza conciliativa ma anche renderli più ostici. In simile scenario, diventa centrale il nesso tra la giustizia riparativa e gli scopi di risocializzazione sottesi alla pena, tali da esplicarsi nell’impegno dell’autore a rivisitare in chiave critica l’illecito commesso e ricostruire il rapporto con la persona offesa. Stabilita questa premessa, l’accento va posto sulla logica del dialogo: le parti sono chiamate a sviluppare, con l’aiuto del mediatore, una trama relazionale che permetta di sanare la frattura originata dal reato. Tali canoni – già sfuggenti nella dimensione normativa dell’affidamento in prova (art. 47 comma 7 ord. penit.) e del lavoro all’esterno (art. 21 comma 4-ter ord. penit.) – sono del tutto obliterati sul versante applicativo. Appare, quindi, indispensabile un deciso cambio di rotta al fine di introdurre, nella fase esecutiva, forme di mediazione a carattere individualizzato e comunicativo.
Il diritto di difesa della vittima nel procedimento di revoca o sostituzione delle misure cautelari personali durante la fase delle indagini preliminari
Authors: Marchetti Filippo 
Published: October 2021

L’autore esamina il procedimento di sostituzione o revoca di una misura cautelare de libertate nell’ottica della verifica del grado di effettività delle garanzie difensive ivi assicurate alla persona offesa. A tal fine, l’analisi abbraccia i profili rappresentati dalla consistenza del compendio informativo a disposizione della vittima in vista dell’instaurazione del contraddittorio, dalla possibilità di presentare elementi utilizzabili per la decisione del giudice e, da ultimo, dalla disponibilità di strumenti per impugnare il provvedimento conclusivo del procedimento.
Il “doppio binario cautelare”: la tormentata disciplina degli automatismi stabiliti dall’art. 275 comma 3 C.P.P.
Authors: Valentini Elena 
Published: October 2021

Il contributo è dedicato all’analisi del cosiddetto “doppio binario cautelare”, e dunque della disciplina speciale, racchiusa nel secondo e terzo periodo dell’art. 275 comma 3 c.p.p. (oltre che nell’art. 12 comma 4-bis d. lgs. 25 luglio 1998, n. 286), che prevede alcune deviazioni dalla regolamentazione generale concernente le condizioni applicative e i criteri di scelta delle misure cautelari personali. Il saggio esordisce descrivendo la normativa prevista per i reati comuni, per poi concentrarsi sul regime derogatorio previsto per particolari categorie di delitti. A tale ultimo proposito, dopo aver descritto la travagliata evoluzione che ha contrassegnato la disciplina speciale dal 1991 ad oggi, l’A. si sofferma sulle criticità che tuttora connotano questo dispositivo di particolare rigore, nelle sue diverse declinazioni, anche alla luce della posizione espressa al riguardo dalla Corte costituzionale.
Forecasting the future while investigating the past. The use of computational models in pre-trial detention decisions.
Authors: Quattrocolo Serena 
Published: October 2021

The paper focuses on the traditional purpose of pre-trial detention (and other precautionary measures) to prevent specific risks. While liberty is the rule, before conviction, pre-trial detention is an absolute exception, competing with the opposite principle of the presumption of innocence: providing valuable and accurate justification for balancing the interest to prevent risk with the presumption of innocence is an overarching difficulty for judges, in the whole western world. Which the solutions? The paper reflects and compares the traditional solution of legal presumptions with the newer trend of actuarial assessment tools, based on psycho-criminological theories, based on the Italian and the uS federal systems.
O procedimento penal por fatos de criminalidade organizada: do maxi-processo ao «grande processo»
Authors: Orlandi Renzo 
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo são analisadas as transformações no processo penal posteriores ao maxi-processo, especificamente a formação de um processo penal especial destinado à persecução da criminalidade organizada, o «grande processo», «difuso», no qual os singulares e concretos procedimentos penais confluem, com o sério risco de perder a sua individualidade.
Editoriale del Dossier “Libertà personale dell’imputato e misure cautelari restrittive della libertà individuale nel processo penale” – La libertà personale dell’imputato tra princìpi e prassi in attesa di una riforma organica della giustizia penale italiana
Authors: Giuliani Livia 
Published: October 2021

Il saggio offre una sintesi del decorso evolutivo della disciplina delle misure cautelari personali alla luce dei diritti sanciti nella Carta costituzionale italiana e nelle Carte sovranazionali, ponendo in luce come il perimetro normativo già da tempo segnato al riguardo – ed oggi inserito nel contesto di un sistema multilivello – non abbia impedito prassi applicative discusse e cicliche fluttuazioni legislative. Pregevole nel suo impianto originario, sebbene perfettibile, la disciplina delle misure cautelari personali resta una normativa di settore, delineando un sottosistema fortemente sensibile agli equilibri del processo penale che non può trovare autonoma pacificazione senza una contestuale revisione del sistema penale e processuale. La congiuntura politico-economica eccezionale determinata dall’emergenza sanitaria induce a sperare che la legge delega di riforma della giustizia in corso di approvazione lasci infine apparire l’araba fenice di una efficienza del processo penale sconosciuta – a memoria di uomo vivente – al nostro ordinamento.