bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Data Sorting Using Independent Equal-Length Subarrays
Authors: Moghaddam Shahriar Shirvani , Moghaddam Kiaksar Shirvani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Design an efficient data sorting algorithm that requires less time and space complexity is essential for large data sets in wireless networks, the Internet of things, data mining systems, computer science, and communications engineering. This paper proposes a low-complex data sorting algorithm that distinguishes the sorted/similar data, makes independent subarrays, and sorts the subarrays’ data using one of the popular sorting algorithms. It is proved that the mean-based pivot is as efficient as the median-based pivot for making equal-length subarrays. The numerical analyses indicate slight improvements in the elapsed time and the number of swaps of the proposed serial Merge-based and Quick-based algorithms compared to the conventional ones for low/high variance integer/non-integer uniform/Gaussian data, in different data lengths. However, using the gradual data extraction feature, the sorted parts can be extracted sequentially before ending the sorting process. Also, making independent subarrays proposes a general framework to parallel realization of sorting algorithms with separate parts. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed parallel Merge-based and Quick-based algorithms to the conventional serial and multi-core parallel algorithms. Finally, the complexity of the proposed algorithm in both serial and parallel realizations is analyzed that shows an impressive improvement.
Can Only Fix Sternoclavicular Joint to Treat Bipolar Clavicle Injury?
Authors: Feng Dongxu , Liu Yong , Li Zijun , Huang Jie , Fan Mei , Kang Xiaomin , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Owing to the rarity of bipolar clavicle injury, treatment remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to report treatment of bipolar clavicle injury with internal plate fixation.Methods: We present our experience of clavicle hook plating for sternoclavicular joint dislocation and anatomical plating for distal clavicle fracture for the treatment of three consecutive bipolar clavicle injuries with different injury patterns. At follow up, radiographs were assessed for joint congruity, fracture union, and implant failure. Clinical evaluation included Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), Constant and Murley Score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and complications.Results：All patients had a minimum follow-up of six months. Each fracture had solid union, and each dislocation showed no sign of recurrent dislocation, the mean shoulder forward flexion was 153.3°±10.4°, the mean DASH score was 13.9±9.2 points. The mean Constant and Murley score was 82.3±12.3 points, and, the mean VAS score was 2.2±2.0 point. No complications were encountered, and each patient was highly satisfied with their treatments.Conclusion: Our experience of using internal plating for bipolar clavicle injury is positive, as it allows early mobilization and resulted in good joint function. Also, only sternoclavicular joint fixation might be sufficient for some part of bipolar clavicle injury, acromioclavicular joint fixation is not necessary unless residual instability existence.
Catalytic Conversion of Lignin in an Isopropanol/formic Acid Medium With Nimo Catalyst Promoted by W Species
Authors: Lu Xinyu , Robin Hossain Mahmud , Guo Haoquan , Wang Dandan , Xiu Pengcheng , Chen Jiajia , Qin Yu , Xu Chaozhong , Gu Xiaoli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Large amounts of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) are generated with the production of cellulosic bioethanol. Efficient degradation and upgrading of EHL is significant for the sustainable and stable development of energy supply.Results: In this study, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of EHL to biofuels was carried out promoted by the in situ hydrogen donor produced from the decomposition of formic acid over NiMo catalysts. Results showed that active sites (derived from the support SiO2, W, and NiMo species) had remarkable effect on lignin conversion, and the highest oil yield (57.2 wt%) was gained over NiMo/W-SiO2 catalyst. Conclusions: The product evolution demonstrated that active metal sites (derived from NiMo species) favored hydrogenolysis and deoxygenation via leading in situ hydrogen to attack C-O-C bonds, while acid sites (derived from the support) adsorbed and activated chemical bonds in lignin, resulting in the linkage cleavage caused by the heating program. The obtained bio-oil was rich in alkyl guaiacols (6.7 wt%), containing stable chemical properties and high quality.
Characteristics and Related Factors of Length of Stay and Readmission Rates of Inpatients Under a DRG Based Payment System: a Cohort Study
Authors: Luo Ming-Wei , Xie Shi-Wei , Luo Ming-Yang , Cheng Xian-Qin , Yan Jing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesPanzhihua has implemented the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) since 2018, and the quality of medical under the DRG-Based Payment System is concerned. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of patients under the DRG payment system based on the related factors, length of stay, readmission of inpatients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from Hospital Information System (HIS) from 2019 . The study used logistic regression analysis to investigate the factors related to hospitalization time and readmission rate of patients under the DRG payment system.ResultsIn this study ,68210 inpatients were included in the study. Among these inpatients ,5.84% were readmitted within 30 days.The factors associated with the increased risk of readmission included age, DRG payment, admission, critical condition, and discharge (p <0.05). Surgical patients had the highest risk of readmission within 30 days (OR=1.04995% CI：0.982-1.122). Among the inpatients readmitted within 30 days, 79.65% of them were readmitted within 14 days. 11.49% of the inpatients were transferred to other hospitals.ConclusionThe study shows a significant correlation between readmission and age, DRG payment, admission, critical condition, and discharge. The results suggested that high risk groups need in-depth examination and evaluation when discharged and admitted to hospital.
The Effect of an on Body Personal Lift Assist Device (Jaipur Belt) on Trunk Muscle Fatiguability During a Repetitive Lifting Task in Manual Material Handlers – A Non-Randomized Single-Group Trial
Authors: Thomas Betty , K Shyam Krishnan , Prabhakar Ashish John , Nayak Megha M. , Eapen Charu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: An on body personal lift assist device (OBPLAD) is a non-motorized, passive device in which the elastic elements act as an external muscle power generator to assist lifting thereby offloading the trunk muscles. Though there is enough evidence for the use of OBPLAD generated through laboratory studies, we found a scarcity of evidence on the use of OBPLAD in real-life work settings, especially in the Indian population. This study investigates the effect of the Jaipur belt, an OBPLAD, on trunk muscle fatiguability while performing repetitive lifting task in manual material handlers. Methods:70 subjects engaged in manual material handling were recruited from industries in and around Mangalore, Karnataka in this non-randomized single group trial. Subjects were made to perform a repetitive lifting task over a period of 15 minutes with and without an OBPLAD. Electromyographic data were recorded from rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae from either side of the body, and the onset of fatigue was deduced from the changes in electromyographic parameters. Results: We found a delay in the onset of fatigue in all the muscle groups studied while the lift was performed wearing the Jaipur belt. However, the findings were statistically significant only for right erector spinae, right rectus abdominis, left transverse abdominis, and left quadratus lumborum. It was found also that number of repetitions as well as time for which a task would be sustained were both found to be significantly better wearing an OBPLAD.Conclusion: The findings of the study imply that the Jaipur belt could potentially delay the onset of fatigue in the trunk muscles while performing repetitive lifting task and hence, is proved to be useful in the prevention of fatigue-related musculoskeletal disorders of the lower back.CTRI Registration date: 10/02/2020 Trial registration number: CTRI/2020/02/023219
Systematic Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Curcumin Against Colorectal Cancer via Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Han Xinyue , Xu Yimin , Liu Xiaoqiang , Li Yuan , Guo Cui , Fu xiaoling 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Curcumin is a potential drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Its mechanism of action has not been elucidated.Aim: To investigate the mechanism of action of curcumin in the treatment of CRC via network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification.Methods: The targets of curcumin and CRC were obtained from the public databases. The component-targets network of curcumin in the treatment of CRC was constructed by Cytoscape v3.7.2. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI), the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), important targets and signaling pathways related to CRC treatment were identified. Finally, the results were verified by molecular docking and in vitro experiments.Results: A total of 30 potential targets of curcumin for CRC treatment were collectedThe core targets included AKT1, EGFR and STAT3 were identified. GO function enrichment analysis showed 140 items, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed 61 signaling pathways, that were related to the regulation of protein kinase activity, negative regulation of apoptosis process, cancer signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signali-ng pathway. In vitro experimental verification showed that curcumin could promote the apoptosis of CRC cells, and the key proteins of these signaling pathways were differentially expressed.Conclusion: This study explored the targets and pathways of curcumin in the treatment of colorectal cancer. In vitro experiments showed that curcumin has a therapeutic effect against CRC by inhibiting PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Our results will lay a foundation for subsequent clinical research and drug development.
Undertaking General Practice Quality Improvement to Improve Cancer Screening - A Thematic Analysis of Provider Experiences
Authors: TRANKLE STEVEN A , METUSELA CHRISTINE , REATH JENNIFER 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancer is a major cause of illness and death, and its incidence and mortality can be reduced through effective screening. In order to improve below target screening rates in one region of Australia, the local Primary Health Network supported local general practices to implement a range of quality improvement initiatives.Methods: We used a qualitative approach and interviewed 16 general practice staff and five Primary Health Network staff and contractors to understand their experiences with these quality improvement initiatives.Results: In a thematic analysis, we identified four key themes related to program set-up and implementation; patient and community education and promotion; engaging patients and communities in screening; and general practice enhancement. Program roles were clear and understood, and the program received strong oversight and support. Practice staff felt supported and motivated. Information Technology was a challenge for many practices often requiring tailored assistance. Education provided by practices facilitated patient empowerment but practice staff noted difficulties engaging patients in screening. Practices were enhanced though strong leadership and teamwork and practice learning activities.Conclusions: The tailored evidence-based quality improvement initiatives were considered effective in supporting general practices to increase their cancer screening. Key facilitators reported by participants included use of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, enhanced data entry and audit capacity, effective recall and reminder systems and maintaining staff motivation.
Gender disparities among medical students choosing to pursue careers in medical research: A cross-sectional cohort analysis
Authors: Snyder Austin , Xiang David , Smith Alison , Esswein Shannon , Toubat Omar , Capua John Di , Kwan Jennifer M , Daye Dania 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Though the proportion of women in medical schools has increased, gender disparities among those who pursue research careers still exists. In this study, we seek to better understand the main factors contributing to the existing gender disparities among medical students choosing to pursue careers in medical research.Methods: A cross-sectional cohort analysis was conducted using a 70-item survey that was sent to 16,418 medical students at 32 academic medical centers and was IRB approved at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Pennsylvania. Data was collected from September 2012 to December 2014. Survey results were analyzed using chi-square tests to determine gender differences in demographic characteristics (training stage, race/ethnicity, marital status, parental status, financial support, and parental career background), career sector choice, career content choice, specialty choice, foreseeable career obstacles, and perceptions about medical research careers. Results: There were 4433 respondents (27% response rate). Female respondents were more likely to be enrolled in MD-only programs, while male respondents were more likely to be enrolled in MD/PhD programs. More male trainees selected academia as their first-choice career sector, while more female respondents selected hospitalist as their first-choice career sector. More female respondents identified patient care and opportunities for community service as their top career selection factors, while more male respondents identified research and teaching as their top career selection factors. Conclusions: There are many factors from a medical student’s perspective that contribute to the existing gender disparities in pursuing a career in medical research, including student loan burden, future compensation, work/life balance, and family/caretaker obligations. While much progress has been made in attracting nearly equal numbers of men and women to the field of medicine, active efforts to bridge the gap between men and women in medical research careers are needed.
Double Jeopardy: Persistently High Hepatitis C Rates in Haemodialysis Patients in Brazil: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Niquini Roberta , Mota Jurema Correa da , Bastos Leonardo Soares , Barbosa Diego da Costa Moreira , Falcão Juliane da Silva , Palmieri Paloma , Villar Livia Melo , Bastos Francisco Inácio 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing HCV infection rates in haemodialysis patients in Brazil. Methods: A systematic review was carried out, followed by two independent meta-analyses. The 1 st included studies with data on HCV prevalence. The 2 nd included previous studies with a confirmatory PCR (i.e. active infection of hepatitis C). We used both Bayesian and classical statistical concepts and methods. A comprehensive set of different methods and procedures were used, including forest plots and respective statistics, polynomial regression, meta-regression, subgroup, influence, and trim and fill analysis. Results: 11,290 individuals were assessed in the pooled analyses. The average time patients were in haemodialysis varied from 23.5 to 56.3 months. Prevalence of HCV infection was highly heterogeneous, with a pronounced decrease from 1992 to 2001, followed by a plateau and a slight decrease in recent years. The summary measure for HCV prevalence was 34% (95%CI:26%-43%) for studies implemented before 2001. For studies launched after 2001, the corresponding summary measure was 11% (95%CI:8%-15%). Estimates for prevalence of active HCV infection were also highly heterogeneous. There was a marked decline from 1996 to 2001, followed by a plateau and a slight increase after 2010. The summary measure for active HCV infection was 19% (95% CI:15%-25%) in studies launched before 2001, with a high degree of heterogeneity. For studies implemented after 2001, the corresponding summary measure was 9% (95% CI: 6%-13%), again with high heterogeneity. The different analyses helped to identify the underlying sources of heterogeneity. Besides the year each study was conducted, the findings differed markedly between geographic regions and were heavily influenced by the size of the various studies and by publication biases.Conclusions: CKD should be targeted with specific interventions to prevent HCV infection, and if prevention fails, prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although the goal of HCV elimination by 2030 in Brazil appears elusive, it is possible and necessary to adopt measures to achieve micro-elimination and to launch initiatives towards targeted interventions to curb the spread of HCV among people with CKD, among other high-risk groups.
A Risk Scoring System Based on Tumor Microenvironment Cells to Predict Prognosis and Immune Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Anli , Wu Minqing , Ni Mengqian , Zhang Lijuan , Li Mingyue , Wei Peijun , Yang Yonggang , Xiao Weikai , An Xin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) interacting with the malignant cells plays a vital role in cancer development. Herein, we aim to establish and verify a scoring system based on the characteristics of TME cells for prognosis prediction and personalized treatment guidance in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). 158 TNBC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included as the training cohort, and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (N = 297), as well as GSE58812 (N = 107), were included as the validation cohort. The enrichment scores of 64 immune and stromal cells were estimated by the xCell algorithm. In the training cohort, cells with prognostic significance were found out using univariate Cox regression analysis and further applied to the random survival forest (RSF) model. Basing on the scores of M2 macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ memory T cells, a risk scoring system was constructed, which divided TNBC patients into 4 phenotypes (M2low, M2highCD8+ThighCD4+Thigh, M2highCD8+ThighCD4+Tlow, and M2highCD8+Tlow) and 2 groups. The low-risk group had superior survival outcomes than the high-risk one, which was further confirmed in the validation cohort. Moreover, in the low-risk group, immune-related pathways were significantly enriched, and a higher level of antitumoral immune cells and immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4, could be observed. Additionally, consistent results were achieved in the SYSUCC cohort when the scoring system was applied. In summary, this novel scoring system might predict the survival and immune activity of patients and might serve as a potential index for immunotherapy.
Joint Association of Modifiable Lifestyle and Metabolic Health Status with Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Perspective Cohort Study
Authors: Zuo Yingting , Li Haibin , Chen Shuohua , Tian Xue , Mo Dapeng , Wu Shouling , Wang Anxin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the joint associations of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors with incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.Methods: This study included 94,831 participants (men, 79.76%; median age, 51.60 [43.47-58.87]) without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline from Kailuan study during 2006 to 2007 and followed them until new-onset cardiovascular disease event, death or December 31, 2017. Baseline metabolic health status was assessed by Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria and five lifestyle factors was collected using a self-reported questionnaire. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the joint associations. Results: During a median follow-up of 11.03 years, we observed 6,590 cardiovascular disease events and 9,218 all-cause mortality. Participants within more metabolic risk components and least healthy lifestyle had the highest cardiovascular disease risk (hazard ratio 2.06 [95% CI 1.77-2.39]) and mortality risk (hazard ratio 1.53 [95% CI 1.31-1.78]), as compared with the less metabolic risk components and most healthy lifestyle group. Compared with the most healthy lifestyle, the hazard ratio of cardiovascular disease for participants with least healthy lifestyle was 1.26 (95% CI 1.17–1.37) in the category with low metabolic risk, 1.16 (95% CI 1.03–1.31) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.90–1.27) for those with medium and high metabolic risk, respectively.Conclusions: We showed that healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and there was no significant interaction between metabolic risk and healthy lifestyle. Our results indicated that healthy lifestyle should be promoted even for people with high metabolic risk.
Effect of αvβ3 Blockade Against Acute Lung Injury Induced by Influenza A Virus and Its Mechanism
Authors: Yu Wendi , Zeng Maoseng , Liu Jinyuan , Wang Huixian , xu peiping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is a heterodimer formed by αv and β3 subunits that is expressed in pulmonary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells, interstitial cells and macrophages. Integrin αvβ3 not only has a common role of integrin family molecules in inflammation and tissue fibrosis, but also mediates the adsorption and penetration of various viruses into susceptible cells. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the effect of αvβ3 on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by influenza virus and its mechanism. Here, the effects of αvβ3 blockade [Cyclo(RGDyK)] against ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro and in vivo and its possible mechanism were studied. A549 cells and mice were infected with influenza virus A/FM/1/47 to induce ALI in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Cyclo(RGDyK) reduced the ALI induced by IAV, alleviated pulmonary edema, improved lung histopathological changes and alleviated the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung. Cyclo(RGDyK) had inhibitory effect on cells and mice infected by IAV. Cyclo(RGDyK) (150 µg/kg) showed effective antiviral activity in vivo. Cyclo(RGDyK) had 70% protective effect against IAV and effectively reduced virus titer and inflammation in lung tissue. Cyclo(RGDyK) exhibited significantly anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect on improving the pneumonia and degree of pulmonary fibrosis and reducing the levels of pulmonary fibrotic markers (LN, HA, PCIII, IV-C, TGF-β1, and α-SMA). Additionally, Cyclo(RGDyK) inhibited expression of αvβ3,TGF-β1, HIF-1α, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK in the cells and mice lung tissues. The results showed that Cyclo(RGDyK) had a protective effect on ALI in mice infected with IAV and inhibited the progress of lung inflammation and fibrosis, which may be concern with its regulation of αvβ3/TGF-β1/HIF-1α signaling pathway.