bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Sharp Minima for Interval-Valued Functions and its Primal-Dual Characterizations Using Generalized Hukuhara Subdifferentiability
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Ghosh Debdas , Kumar Gourav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of weak sharp minima (WSM) for convex interval-valued functions (IVFs). To identify a set of WSM of a convex IVF, we provide its primal and dual characterizations. The primal characterization is given in terms of gHdirectional derivatives. On the other hand, to derive dual characterizations, we propose the notions of the support function of a subset of I(R) n and gH-subdifferentiability for convex IVFs. Further, we develop the required gH-subdifferential calculus for convex IVFs. Thereafter, by using the proposed gH-subdifferential calculus, we provide dual characterizations for the set of WSM of convex IVFs.
Information Technology in the Dissemination of Results of the Primary Health Care Evaluation in Brazil: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Junior Osvaldo de Goes Bay , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Martiniano Cláudia dos Santos , Melo Lygia Maria de Figueiredo , de Souza Marize Barros , Lopes Monique da Silva , Coelho Ardigleusa Alves , Rocha Paulo de Medeiros , Pinheiro Themis Xavier de Albuquerque , Rocha Nadja de Sá Pinto Dantas , Uchôa Severina Alice da Costa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering advancements in information technology for disseminating results of evaluations, it is essential to demonstrate the functionalities and performance of these practices in order to achieve the objectives established by the evaluation proponents. This study aimed to evaluate the use of information technology for disseminating results obtained from the Primary Health Care evaluation in Brazil. Methods: A qualitative single-case study was performed with triangulation of techniques and key informants. Analyses of public documents and field research were conducted. Convenience sample of 54 participants (seven from the Department of Primary Care/Ministry of Health and 47 from teaching and research institutions) was selected from the external evaluation team. Content analysis was performed, and the Atlas ti.8.4.24 software organized, managed, and categorized textual data. Codification was performed by peers (three researchers) while experts validated codes (two researchers). Right after, codes were extracted and categorized.Results: Dissemination of results is complex due to multiple components. Incorporation also favored advances in data observation and implementation of data openness, becoming available for professionals, policymakers, and universities. Challenges regarding delivery time of reports, access restriction, lack of interest, and digital skills influenced reaching expected goals of the proponent.Conclusion: Information technology for disseminating results of evaluations may improve performance of health teams and managers and redefine priorities of work processes to strengthen Primary Health Care. Emphasis in planning, technological infrastructure, digital inclusion, and policy decision making is recommended to disseminate data effectively to the population.
A Hybrid Landslide Susceptibility Model Obtained from Different Models (Raster or Vector, Expert or Semi-Expert) with the Correct Parameter
Authors: Cihangir Mehmet Emin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine how to choose the correct parameter for a specific study area in landslide susceptibility and how it gives results in vector or raster-based models. In the literature, factor parameters of landslide preparing and triggering conditions are used deliberately or randomly in raster or vector-based models. In this study, the landslide inventory was analyzed together with geological, topographic-morphological, environmental, and triggering parameters, and the parameters specific to the study area and its scale were decided. In order to obtain high efficiency from the models, the parameter data were taken from the landslide depletion zone. Raster-based models and vector-based models were created according to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Model outputs resulted in close Roc Curve results ranging from 0.79 to 0.92. The study area was divided into slope units and then the model output data were transferred to these units. In order to make the result easier to use, the units obtained according to the result of each model were combined, thus a single map output was obtained from 5 different raster and vector-based models. Overall, this study presents 1) the importance of the use of landslide inventory and how to use the inventory. 2) Parameters should be selected according to field analysis and field-scale rather than randomly. 3) By combining raster and vector-based on landslide susceptibility studies, make it easier to use as a base map in hazard and risk studies with a single output.
Can Financial Development Curb Carbon Emissions? —Empirical Test Based on Spatial Perspective
Authors: Liu Xueyang , Liu Xiaoxing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

To respond to global climate change and achieve "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" as soon as possible has become a common goal around the world. Economic growth relies heavily on financial development; indeed, low-carbon economic development is inseparable from financial support. This paper studies the impact of financial development on carbon emission intensity and its mechanism from both theoretical and empirical aspects. Based on the 2005–2018 data on Chinese cities and the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) research results, this paper finds: (1) Financial development has significantly reduced China's carbon emission intensity overall. After considering spatial effects, financial development increased local carbon emission intensity, although it may lead to a more significant decrease in the surrounding area. (2) The analysis of heterogeneity shows that only the financial development in the eastern region has a substantial detrimental impact on total carbon emission intensity and the carbon emission intensity of neighboring cities. The financial development in the central and western regions has no significant effect on carbon emission intensity. (3) The mechanism test shows that financial development mainly reduces carbon emission intensity through technological innovation and structural optimization, with the effect of technological innovation 9.5%, and the effect of structural optimization 12.15%. The expansion of the consumption effects of financial development has no significant impact on carbon emission intensity. Accordingly, this article believes that it is necessary to further support financial development, build large-scale financial centers, continue to optimize the structure of financial products and encourage the development of green finance.
pH Dependent Synthesis And Characterization of Bismuth Molybdate Nanostructure for Photocatalysis Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Abid Huda N. , Al-keisy Amar , Ahmed Duha S. , Salih Ammar T. , Khammas Abbas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bismuth Molybdate nanostructures were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method at varied pH (2,4,6,8, and 10) for 15 h at 180°. The results show that the pH precursor solutions have a significant impact on the morphology, phase formations and photocatalytic activity. The FESEM observations and XRD analysis, at low PH level, Bi2MoO6 nanoplates have formed while gradually convert to Bi2MoO6 spherical nanoparticle at high PH level. The optical absorption study demonstrated that Bi2MoO6 nanoplates absorbed visible light, but that there was a blue shift when compared to the cubic Bi4MoO9 structures. Photocatalytic activity revealed that nanoplates in pH = 4 sample has excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine (RhB), methylene orange (MO) and phenol under visible- light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The most important point is photodegradation 90% of phenol within 300 min.
Enhanced the Efficiency of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Wheat Straw via Freeze-thawing Pretreatment
Authors: Sun Jianghong , Deng Yuanfang , Li Shaohua , Xu Wenyong , Liu Guoquan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research was investigated to enhance the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis on wheat straw via freeze-thawing pretreatment, and to find the physicochemical structural changes after this pretreatment. Results show that, this pretreatment enhances the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose, and hemicellulose is more susceptible to this pretreatment. The highest enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of cellulose and hemicellulose was 57.06% and 70.66% occurred on -80℃, 24 h and -10℃, 24 h pretreated samples, with an improvement of 2.23 and 3.13 folds of control. SEM images exhibited that transverse cracks appeared before longitudinal cracks as pretreated conditions aggravated, and holes can be found on every sample after this pretreatment. FTIR and XRD analysis implied that freeze-thawing pretreatment had effect both on the crystalline and amorphous regions, and disrupted the hydrogen bonds among them. This study provided a physical pretreatment method to improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis on wheat straw.
An Analysis On The Dynamic Effect of Enterprise’s Environmental Governance On Green Technology Innovation: New Explanation From The Perspective of Knowledge And Technology Transfer
Authors: Pan Xianyou , Pan Xiongfeng , Wu Xianhua , Guo Shucen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Environmental governance (EG) and green technology innovation (GTI) are important means to promote the construction of ecological civilization of all countries around the world. Past scholars focused on the impact of EG on GTI based on the static perspective usually, but ignored the impact of the dynamic development law of enterprises. This study differentiates, takes enterprise’s life cycle stage as the breakthrough point, and analyzes the dynamic effect of EG on GTI at the first time. Further, considering the important of information interaction among different enterprise in the background of collaborative innovation, this study reveals the evolution trend of enterprise’s knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) in different life cycle stage, and explains the internal mechanism of the dynamic effect mentioned above. The theoretical model finds that for enterprises in different life cycle stage, the impact of EG on GTI depends on abatement cost and innovation compensation effect two aspects. The development of enterprise’s KTT helps to strengthen the incentive effect of EG on GTI, thus causing the differentiated GTI effect among different enterprises under the restrict of EG. The empirical research results based on the micro data of Shanghai and Shenzheng A-share listed firms from 2013 to 2018 in China confirm the theoretical inference. EG has a positive role in promoting GTI, however, compared with the enterprises in growth and mature stage, the positive innovation effect does not hold for the enterprises in recession stage. The statistical results show that the enterprise’s KTT in growth and mature stage is significantly better than that of enterprises in recession. Moreover, the empirical analysis results confirm that enterprise’s KTT have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between EG and GTI. Combined with the above conclusions, this study puts forward several useful management implications for improving the designing of environmental governance system, optimizing the cooperation of GTI and the EG decision-making under the background of collaborative innovation.
Feasibility of a Saliva-Based Covid-19 Screening Program in Abu Dhabi Primary Schools
Authors: Virji Ayaz , Hamiz Aisha Al , Hajeri Omniyat Al , Shehhi Budoor Al , Memari Shammah Abdulla Ali Al , Maskari Ahlam Al , Alhajri Noora , Ali Raghib 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The pandemic has forced closures of primary schools resulting in loss of learning time on a global scale. In addition to face coverings, social distancing, and hand hygiene, an efficient testing method is important to mitigate spread of COVID-19 in schools. We evaluated the feasibility of a saliva-based SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing program on 18 primary schools in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Qualitative results show that children 4 to 5 years had difficulty producing an adequate saliva specimen compared to those 6 to 12 years. A short training video on saliva collection beforehand helps demystify the process for students and parents alike. Informed consent was challenging and should be done beforehand by school health nurses or other medical professionals to reassure parents and maximize participation. Telephone interviews with school administrators resulted in an overall 83.3% response rate. 93% of school administrators had a positive experience with saliva testing and felt the program improved the safety of their schools. 73% of respondents supported the ongoing use of saliva testing for SARS-CoV-2 on their school campuses. On-campus saliva testing is a feasible option for primary schools to screen for COVID-19 in their student population to help keep their campuses safe and open for learning.
COX-2 siRNA Strengthens The Anti-Proliferative Effects of Acid And Bile Salts on Human Esophageal Cells And Barrett Esophageal Cells
Authors: Jiangang Shen , Nayoung Kang , Hongfang Wang , Junda Li , Li Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Ming-Song Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims: Investigating the effect and mechanism of COX-2 on viability, intestinal metaplasia, and atypia of human esophageal squamous and Barrett esophageal cell lines. Methods: Human esophageal squamous and Barrett esophageal cell lines were transfected with COX-2 expression vector and COX-2 siRNA, then were treated with acid, bile salts, and a mixture of both. Cell viability, the expression of COX-2, NF-κB, CDX-2, MUC2 and BMP-4, and the morphology and microstructure of cells were observed. Results: The viability of the COX-2 over expressed cells was significantly higher than that of the control cells, while the viability of the COX-2 siRNA-treated cells was significantly lower than that of the control cells. The intestinal metaplasia and atypia were observed in cells over expressing COX-2. Acid, bile salts, and their mixture inhibited the viability of the two cell lines, but the inhibitory effect of the mixture was stronger than single treatment with either. siRNA of COX-2 strengthened the anti-proliferative effects of the mixture on Het-1A and BAR-T cells. Expression of NF-κB, CDX-2 and BMP-4 was positively correlated with COX-2 expression. Conclusion: COX-2 may influence the viability, atypia and intestinal metaplasia of human esophageal cells and Barrett esophageal cells. Activation of NF-κB, CDX-2, and BMP-4 signaling pathway by COX-2 may be part of the mechanisms.
Haploidentical Transplantation in a DNA Ligase IV Deficiency Patient: A Case Report and Review of The Literature
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxia , Hu Tao , Hu Mengze , Cui Xiaodai , Liu Rong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: DNA ligase IV (LIG4) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the DNA LIG4 gene. Nowadays hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) is the most effective treatment option. Matched sibling or unrelated donor was the best choice for those patients. However, it will be a problem for LIG4 deficiency patients without proper donor as above but needed urgent transplantation because of infection or bone marrow failure. Furthermore, mixed donor chimerism after transplantation is more common in LIG4 deficiency patients because of reduced intensity conditioning(RIC) regimen. How to deal with those problems? Here we report a case which the patient received haploidentical HSCT and got complete donor chimerism after donor stem cell infusion. Results:The patient was diagnosed as LIG4 deficiency at 8-month-old. At 14 months of age, she received a T cell receptor(TCR)α/β and CD19+ B cells depleted graft from his haploidentical father, followed a RIC regimen with no additional graft versus host disease(GvHD) prophylaxis. Engraftment was as usual. However, mixed donor chimerism occurred after transplantation and viremia persisted. Cryopreserved donor cell infusion was initiated. The chimerism grew up steadily and viremia disappeared at four months post transplantation. Conclusions: This case report gives an example of successful haploidentical transplantation and donor stem cell infusion as a treatment option in a mixed donor chimerism situation after HSCT in LIG4 deficiency patients.
Whole Exon Sequencing of Primary Lesion and Liver Metastatic Lesion in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor：A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shi Yanfen , Zhong Dingrong , Li Yuanliang , Tan Huangying , Li Zhaoqing , Luo Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(p-NENs) are classified into neuroendocrine tumors (NET) G1, G2, G3, and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) according to WHO classification. NET and NEC are different pathogenesis. The two kinds of tumors that occurred in the same part have not been reported. We found 4 foci of NEN G3 in a primary pancreatic NET G2. The cell atypia was obvious with Ki67 index of 50-70%, focal necrosis, there were 12 hepatic metastatic nodules with similar morphology to NEN G3, which is difficult to identify NEC and NET G3.Case presentation: A patient with pancreatic NET was selected to perform whole exome sequencing on primary pancreatic NET G2 and liver metastatic NEN G3 paraffin tissues.NET G2 had 13 somatic mutations, while NEN G3 had 72 somatic mutations and Copy number variation in 4 genes. P.S493N point mutation of TRIOBP gene was detected in NET G2 and NEN G3. 5-fold amplification of MDM4 is found in the metastatic liver lesion.Conclusion: NET G2 and NEN G3 are closely related to TRIOBP gene. Oncogene amplification (MDM4) in liver metastases may be associated with morphological malignant transformation.
Effect of Phonophoresis On Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yang Fu-An , Chen Hung-Lun , Peng Chih-Wei , Liou Tsan-Hon , Escorpizo Reuben , Chen Hung-Chou 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Phonophoresis is an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. However, evidence supporting the advantages of phonophoresis remains inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to illustrate the effect of phonophoresis. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies from the date of their inception to 28 June, 2021. The eligibility criteria were: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); (2) patients diagnosed as having knee osteoarthritis; (3) treatment with either phonophoresis or therapeutic ultrasound with placebo gels; and (4) reporting clinical and functional outcomes. Continuous variables are expressed as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The analysis included nine RCTs covering a total of 423 patients. The intervention group significantly outperformed the control group in visual analog scale score [SMD = −0.65, 95% CI (−1.04, −0.25), P = 0.001], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score [SMD = −0.71, 95% CI (−1.26, −0.16), P = 0.01], and walk test score [SMD = −0.67, 95% CI (−1.21, −0.13), P = 0.02]. As a result, phonophoresis might alleviate pain and improve function in the short term. Further high-quality, large-scale RCTs are required to confirm the benefits.
Chronic Exposure to Biomass Ambient Particulate Matter Triggers Ams Polarization and Activation in Rat Lung
Authors: Wang Shenlin , Chen Yuhua , Hong Wei , Wu Fan , Li Bing , Zhou Yumin , Ran Pixin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which a variety of immune cells are involved; among them, the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) remains unknown in the pathogenesis and development of COPD. We aimed to study the function of AMs from different stages of chronic biomass fuel (BMF) exposed rats, and investigate the signal pathways which regulate AMs polarization. Methods: 180 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into BMF group and clean air control (CON) group. After BMF exposure for 4 days, 1 month, and 6 months, the cytokine secretion and function of AMs were determined by flow cytometry, and further confirmed in mRNA level by qPCR, in protein level by WB and immunofluorescent assay. Bone marrow derived macrophages(BMDMs) were cultured, and PPARγ agonist, PPARγ KO lentivirus, and TGFβ1were used as the intervention in vitro. Results: We found that pro-inflammatory factors increased, while CD206 in AMs decreased remarkably at 4 days. Interestingly, pro-inflammatory macrophages shared a feature of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Consistent with IL4 upregulated in BALF, p-Stat6 and PPARγ in AMs elevated at 4 days. After BMF exposure for 6 months, CD206, TGFβ1, and p-Smad3 were significantly higher than the control groups. PPARγ reversed the M1 phenotype induced by PM, and drove the macrophages into the M2 phenotype in vitro. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the dynamic phenotype and functional change of AMs during BMF exposure, and both PPARγ and TGFβ1 were important molecules regulated AMs’ function.
Construction Of Plastic Waste Extruding Machine To Produce Filaments Of 3D Printing Machine
Authors: Sonjaya Muhammad Luthfi , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Hidayat Muh Farid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents design and development of plastic waste extruding machine to provide 3D printing filaments. The motivation of this research is to create a 3d printer filament from plastic waste using simple machine components. In addition, another goal is to create valuable items from plastic waste. The research process begins with design, needs analysis, machine rebuilding and electrical assembly, machine function testing, analysis of filament, and filament testing in 3D printing machine. The categories of shredded plastic material were plastic cups (polypropylene, PP) and a mixture of plastic bottles (polyethylene terepththalate, PET) and plastic cups (polypropylene, PP). The analysis of the research was the capacity of the extrusion machine, the best temperature in producing filaments based on shapes and sizes, and testing of 3D printing filaments of plastic waste which was applied to the 3D printing machine. The result showed that 190°C was the greater temperature to heat the barrel, machine capacity of each plastic waste category, and the characteristic plastic waste was almost similar compared to market filament of polylactic acid (PLA) in terms of filament size and 3D printing machine parameter.