bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concomittant use of Sapien 3 Transcatheter Valve for Severe MAC with Intuity Elite Rapid Deployment Valve for Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Hooks Gareth J. , Ball Peter , Spence Mark S. , Jeganathan Reuben 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background-Concomitant double valve pathology in the presence of severe MAC poses significant technical challenges when planning surgical intervention. With continued evolution of valve prosthesis, innovative techniques can be considered with the potential for additional therapeutic benefit. Case presentation-We present a novel technique of using a rapid deployment surgical aortic valve in combination with open surgical transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) for severe Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC). The Intuity Elite rapid deployment prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) was used concomitantly with the Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) transcatheter prosthesis trans-atrially on cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with critical aortic stenosis and moderate-severe mixed mitral valve disease in the setting of severe MAC (off-label use). Conclusions-We demonstrate how both technologies can, not only be accommodated, but indeed complement each other achieving an excellent outcome in a high-risk patient.
Chest X-Ray Findings in Drug Sensitive and Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Uganda
Authors: Anthony Oriekot , Sereke Senai Goitom , Bongomin Felix , Bugeza Samuel , Muyinda Zeridah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Radiology has an important role in the diagnosis of both drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant (DR) pulmonary TB (PTB). This study aimed at comparing the chest x-ray (CXR) patterns of microbiologically confirmed cases of DS and DR PTB in Uganda.Methods: We conducted a hospital based retrospective study at the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) TB wards. All participants had microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of PTB. CXR findings extracted included infiltrate, consolidation, cavity, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, atelectasis and other non-lung parenchymal findings. All films were independently examined by two experienced radiologists blinded to clinical diagnosis.Results: We analyzed CXR findings of 165 participants: 139 DS- and 26 DR-TB cases. Majority (n=118, 71.7%) of the participants were seronegative for HIV. Overall, 5/165 (3%) participants had normal CXR. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of participants with consolidations (74.8% versus 88.5%; p – 0.203), bronchopneumonic opacities (56.1% versus 42.3%, p=0.207) and cavities (38.1% versus 46.2%, p=0.514), across drug susceptibility status (DS versus DR TB). Among HIV infected participants, consolidations were predominantly in the middle lung zone in the DS TB group and in the lower lung zone in the DR TB group (42.5% versus 12.8%, p – 0.66). HIV infected participants with DR TB had statistically significantly larger cavity sizes compared to their HIV uninfected counterparts with DR TB (7.7 ± 6.8cm versus 4.2 ± 1.3cm, p – 0.004). Conclusion- We observed that a vast majority of participants had similar CXR changes, irrespective of drug susceptibility status. However, HIV infected DR PTB had larger cavities. The diagnostic utility of cavity sizes for the differentiation of DR from DS TB could be investigated further.
A Novel Strategy to Uncover Specific Go Terms/phosphorylation Pathways in Phosphoproteomic Data in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Arico Denise S. , Beati Paula , Wengier Diego L. , Mazzella María Agustina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. Proteins are the workforce of the cell and their phosphorylation status tailors specific responses efficiently. One of the main challenges of phosphoproteomic approaches is to deconvolute biological processes that specifically respond to an experimental query from a list of phosphoproteins. Comparison of the frequency distribution of GO (Gene Ontology) terms in a given phosphoproteome set with that observed in the genome reference set (GenRS) is the most widely used tool to infer biological significance. Yet, this comparison assumes that GO term distribution between the phosphoproteome and the genome are identical. However, this hypothesis has not been tested due to the lack of a comprehensive phosphoproteome database.Results. In this study, we test this hypothesis by constructing three phosphoproteome databases in Arabidopsis thaliana: one based in experimental data (ExpRS), another based in in silico phosphorylation protein prediction (PredRS) and a third that is the union of both (UnRS). Our results show that the three phosphoproteome reference sets show default enrichment of several GO terms compared to GenRS, indicating that GO term distribution in the phosphoproteomes does not match that of the genome. Moreover, these differences overshadow the identification of GO terms that are specifically enriched in a particular condition. To overcome this limitation, we present an additional comparison of the sample of interest with UnRS to uncover GO terms specifically enriched in a particular phosphoproteome experiment. Using this strategy, we found that mRNA splicing and cytoplasmic microtubule compounds are important processes specifically enriched in the phosphoproteome of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Conclusions. This study provides a novel strategy to uncover GO specific terms in phosphoproteome data of Arabidopsis that could be applied to any other organism. We also highlight the importance of specific phosphorylation pathways that take place during dark-grown Arabidopsis development.
Data analytics accelerates the experimental discovery of new thermoelectric materials with extremely high figure of merit
Authors: Levchenko Sergey , Zhong Yaqiong , Hu Xiaojuan , Sarker Debalaya , Xia Qingrui , Xu Liangliang , Yang Chao , Han Zhongkang , Cui Jiaolin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials are among very few sustainable yet feasible energy solutions of present time. This huge promise of energy harvesting is contingent on identifying/designing materials having higher efficiency than presently available ones. However, due to the vastness of the chemical space of materials, only its small fraction was scanned experimentally and/or computationally so far. Employing a compressed-sensing based symbolic regression in an active-learning framework, we have not only identified a trend in materials’ compositions for superior TE performance, but have also predicted and experimentally synthesized several extremely high performing novel TE materials. Among these, we found polycrystalline p-type Cu0.45Ag0.55GaTe2 to possess an experimental figure of merit as high as ~2.8 at 827 K. This is a breakthrough in the field, because all previously known thermoelectric materials with a comparable figure of merit are either unstable or much more difficult to synthesize, rendering them unusable in large-scale applications. The presented methodology demonstrates the importance and tremendous potential of physically informed descriptors in material science, in particular for relatively small data sets typically available from experiments at well-controlled conditions.
Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions on Pelvic Floor Muscle Function of Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Ryhtä Iina , Axelin Anna , Hamari Lotta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDysfunctions related to pelvic floor muscles such as urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are common among pregnant and postpartum women. With properly functioning pelvic floor muscles, it is possible to prevent these dysfunctions. Still, shared understanding about effective exercise interventions is missing. The aim of this review of reviews was to form a summary of the existing evidence about effective exercise interventions on pelvic floor muscle function of pregnant and postpartum women. MethodsNine databases were searched by June 12, 2020. PICO was used to define the eligibility criteria. Population: pregnant or postpartum women, interventions: activity-based interventions aiming to affect the function of pelvic floor muscles, comparators: waiting list or usual care, outcomes: disorders concerning pelvic floors muscles, study design: systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Screening and quality assessment were conducted by two researchers separately. The data were extracted and analyzed narratively. ResultsAltogether 20 systematic reviews reporting findings from 147 original studies were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews was mainly good, overall scores varying from 6/11–11/11. The results showed it may be possible to reduce low-back and pelvic pain as well as the severity of pain with exercise interventions during pregnancy but no association with odds of low back and pelvic pain during the postpartum period were found. With prenatal exercise interventions, it is possible to decrease the risk of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the postnatal period, but the differences between the control group and the intervention group seem to vanish in the late postnatal period. The results were carefully optimistic within postnatal exercise interventions that decreased pelvic pain, reduction in vaginal bulging and pelvic organ prolapse, but more research is needed. ConclusionsOverall, the level of evidence was low. It seems that with exercise interventions it could be possible to prevent and provide care for the disorders of pelvic floor muscles to some extent. However, more high-quality research is needed to support decision making in the health care systems and to get evidence-based knowledge guiding health professionals working with pregnant and postpartum women.
Biomolecular Characterization of Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 Isolated from Soil and Chromatographic Analysis of D-serine in its Cellular Fraction
Authors: Kapil Shikha , Bhattu Monika , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Vipasha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The bacteria isolated from the pomace dumping soil site (bacteria id A1C1) showed maximum growth (O.D600 = 1.97±0.4 X 109 cells/ml) within 48h in the minimal salt media supplemented with L-serine. The isolated strain was identified as ‘Bacillus tequilensis’ through 16sRNA sequencing. The strain was quantified for D-serine content by using RP-HPLC. The D-serine concentration was calculated as 0.919±0.02 nM in the bacterial cellular fraction by using a standard curve plot and linear curve equation. Further, recovery % was also calculated for the spiked samples which vary from 85-90%. The study’s peculiarity reflects the fact that the isolated strain was explored for the first time to detect the presence of serine enantiomers. The biochemical features also showed 70% similarity to the standard strain Bacillus tequilensis 10bT. The optimum growth parameters were recorded as 37℃±0.5, 150±0.5 RPM, and 7±0.5pH. The strain was Gram-positive and synthesized endospores. Morphological results showed its rod shape, large, irregular, and off-white-coloured colonies. A1C1 was also tested for the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. A1C1 showed positive results for indole production, lactose fermentation, protease, and gelatinase whereas, negative results for catalase, MR-VP, citrate utilization, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase. Further, the strain was assayed for PGPR attributes and showed a negative phosphate solubilization index and IAA production. The antibacterial assay showed 5% and 2% efficacy of the extracellular fraction against MTCC 40 and MTCC 11949 respectively. These results demonstrate that Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 has antibacterial activity, the potential to secrete extracellular enzymes, and D-serine content in the intracellular fraction of the cultivated cells.
Collaborative Learning in Small Groups in an Online Course – A Case Study
Authors: Haugland Mildrid , Aasekjaer Katrine , Rosenberg Ivar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The ability to learn collaboratively and work in teams is an essential competency in both educational and healthcare settings, and collaborative student activities are acknowledged as being an important part of the pedagogical approach in higher education and teaching. The course that was the focus of this research, a 15-ECTS-credit online course in the philosophy of science and methods, was offered online as part of 11 master’s-level health programmes at a university in Norway. Collaborative learning in combination with digital teaching tools, was the preferred pedagogical approach in the online course. The aim of the study was to explore, describe and discuss factors influencing small group learning in this online course.Methods: We performed a qualitative case study, collecting data through both individual and focus group interviews between February 2018 and May 2019 of master’s-level students who had participated in the online course. We performed six focus-group and 13 individual interviews, and a total of 30 master’s students participated in the study. Data were analysed using content analysis.Results: The results showed that three different processes were used to facilitate completion of students’ course assignments and learning outcomes. These three working processes were not dynamic, with different groups changing working processes throughout the course, but static and constant. The names of the different working processes reflect the main characteristics of each one: 1. joint responsibility – flexible organization; 2. individual responsibility – flexible organization; and 3. individual responsibility – unorganized.Conclusions: Planning online learning requires a focus on how students collaborate and learn online, so that they can gain in-depth knowledge and understanding. This study shows that even if contextual factors are the same (e.g., group size, relevant assignments, and student autonomy in terms of group organization), the way in which students collaborate and work together differs. Although the identified working processes promoted collaboration and learning, the first process (joint responsibility, with flexible organization) was the only working process found to promote in-depth learning. Future online teaching might require an even stronger focus on students’ internal motivation for learning and the importance of teacher presence and teachers’ ability to facilitate online learning.
Downregulation of CD44 Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Osteosarcoma Cells by Regulating the Expression of Cathepsin S
Authors: Kong Lingwei , Ji Hairu , Gan Xintian , Cao Sheng , Li Zhehong , Jin Yu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumour of mesenchymal origin. These tumours are characterised by rich vascularisation, therefore promoting rapid proliferation and facilitating metastasis. CD44 has been reported to be involved in OS, but its role and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully determined. MethodsIn this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of CD44 on the development of OS and further explored the molecular mechanisms. The expression of CD44, cathepsin S and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in different cell lines (MG63, U2OS OS and hFOB 1.19). To elucidate the role of CD44 in OS, MG63 and U2OS cells were treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) to knock down CD44, and the knockdown efficiency was validated with GFP and RT-qPCR. Furthermore, cell proliferation was assayed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, and cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell and wound-healing assays. ResultsWe found that CD44 expression in the MG63 and U2OS OS cell lines was markedly increased compared to that of the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. Knockdown of CD44 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of MG63 and U2OS cells, possibly by regulating the expression of cathepsin S in OS. Conclusion﻿Taken together, our data reinforced the evidence that CD44 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells accompanied by altered expression of cathepsin S. These findings offer new clues for OS development and progression, suggesting CD44 as a potential therapeutic target for OS.
The Rumen Microbiome and Its Metabolome Together With the Host Transcriptome Act to Regulate the Cold Season Adaptation Mechanism of Grazing Tibetan Sheep
Authors: Liu Xiu , Sha Yuzhu , Lv Weibing , Guo Xinyu , Pu Xiaoning , Wang Jiqing , Li Shaobin , Hu Jiang , Luo Yuzhu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTibetan sheep are important ruminants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. They can maintain a normal life and reproduce in harsh environments under extreme cold and low oxygen. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying the adaptability of Tibetan sheep during the cold season are still unclear. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of rumen epithelial morphology, epithelial transcriptomics, microbiology and metabolomics in a Tibetan sheep model to understand the interaction between the rumen host and microbiota and their metabolites and to explore the potential regulatory mechanism of Tibetan sheep adaptability to the cold season of the plateau. ResultsMorphological analysis showed that the ruminal muscle layer thickness and nipple width of Tibetan sheep increased significantly during the cold season ( P <0.05), and the thickness of the stratum corneum, stratum granulosa and stratum spinous of the rumen epithelium increased significantly ( P <0.05). Transcriptomics analysis showed that the differential genes were primarily enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway (ko03320), legionellosis (ko05134), phagosome (ko04145), arginine and proline metabolism (ko00330), and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (ko00980). Unique differential metabolites were identified in cold season, such as cynaroside A, sanguisorbin B and tryptophyl-valine, which were mainly enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and linolenic acid metabolism pathways, and had certain correlation with microorganisms. Integrated transcriptome-metabolome-microbiome analysis showed that epithelial gene- GSTM3 expression was upregulated in the metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 pathway during the cold season, leading to the downregulation of some harmful metabolites; TLR5 gene expression was upregulated and CD14 gene expression was downregulated in the legionellosis pathway during the cold season. A large number of metabolites, such as glucosidic acid and vitamin A, were produced in the steroid hormone biosynthesis and retinol metabolism pathways. ConclusionThis study comprehensively described the interaction mechanism between the rumen host and microbes and their metabolites in grazing Tibetan sheep during the cold season. Under the stimulation of the cold plateau environment, the morphological structure of the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep undergoes adaptive changes. Rumen epithelial genes, microbiota and metabolites act together in some key pathways related to cold season adaptation.
Antibacterial activity of chitosan-based nanohybrid membranes against drug-resistant bacterial isolates from burn wound infections
Authors: Amiri Pouya , Kardan-Yamchi Jalil , Kazemian Hossein , Rezaei Faranak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biocompatible and non-toxic properties of chitosan make it a candidate with excellent application prospects in developing wound dressing conjugate compounds. Six different chitosan-based nanohybrid membranes were evaluated against multi-drug resistant bacterial isolates. Twenty-seven drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species were isolated from burn wound infections. Different combinations of chitosan, ciprofloxacin (CIP), biofunctionalized montmorillonite (MMT), and montmorillonite with sulfate chains (SMMT) were provided, and their antibacterial activity was assessed using the colony count method. Six Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, seven vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis, four A. baumannii, and 10 P. aeruginosa multi-drug resistant were identified. Chitosan and montmorillonite did not show significant antibacterial effect but, chitosan/SMMT/CIP was the most effective nanocomposite. Chitosan-based nanocomposites with ciprofloxacin could effectively reduce the susceptibility of drug-resistant bacterial isolates. Bacterial targeting using nanosystems provides an opportunity for effective antibiotic treatment by improving antibacterial efficacy.
Spatial-Temporal Evolution of the Coupling Coordination Relationship between Urbanization and Atmospheric Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Deng Yuxia , Wang Xianglian , Huang Ting , Liu Ya , Zeng Lian , Zhang Xiangwen , Wu Daishe , Huang Shan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Based on the coupling coordination degree model and the exploratory spatial data analysis method, we established the coupling coordination relationship between urbanization and atmospheric environment and explored the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination degree of 11 provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) from 2003 to 2017. The results indicated the following: (1) The level of urbanization increases linearly, and the atmospheric environment level shows a fluctuating upward trend. (2) The types of coordination gradually change from “Seriously uncoordinated development with urbanization lag” to “Superiorly coordinated development with atmospheric environment lag”. The spatial distribution of coordination shows the characteristics of “high in the eastern region and low in the central and western region”. Regarding temporal evolution, the coupling coordination degree of the region gradually increases, and the spatial differences between provinces gradually narrow. (3) Significant spatial autocorrelation is observed between the coordination of urbanization and atmospheric environment, which weakens over time. The local agglomeration mode shows that the “High-High” cluster areas are in the lower reaches and the “Low-Low” cluster areas are mainly in the middle or upper reaches. This study contributes to promoting the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and provides basic data and research perspectives for further investigation of the relationship between urbanization and atmospheric environment.
Collatz conjecture(3X+1)There is a hidden theorem ω1: If α Establishment, necessity (3α+ 1) Established
Authors: Ling Xie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
From a number theory “Collatz conjecture (3X+1)”, Human beings use a large amount of computer data, so far no counterexample has been found. Does mathematical logic support " Collatz conjecture (3X+1)? Collatz conjecture (3X+1) There is a hidden theorem ω1 : If x holds, it must be (3X+1). In reality, human beings will only (3X+1) deduce that x holds.Example: an integer a, and a = 3b +1, b∈N. If b→3x +1 holds. There must be: a→3x +1 is established.In this way, there is no need to deduce (3b + 1).