bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centaurea iberica (Iberian starthistle).
Authors: Roché Cindy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

C. iberica appears to be somewhat weedy in its native environment, but is less aggressively invasive elsewhere than other Centaurea species. The only South American country where it appears to have established as an invasive alien is Argentina. It has been introduced in Europe and North America, but has either failed to persist or eradication efforts have been successful to some degree. Only in California has eradication not been achieved. Introductions in Wyoming and Oregon have not expanded rapidly. In its native range, various uses in folk medicine are proving to have a scientific basis. C. iberica is on prohibited weed lists in Chile and Australia; and is a Class A noxious weed in California and Oregon, and a prohibited noxious weed in Arizona, Nevada and Wyoming.
Digitaria insularis (sourgrass).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

D. insularis is an aggressive perennial grass causing major weed problems in its native area, especially in Brazil, Paraquay and Bolivia. It was classed as a principal weed in Venezuela by Holm et al. (1979). It is a major weed where introduced to pastures in Hawaii, USA (Kuswata Kartawinata and Mueller-Dombois, 1972); also in Papua New Guinea (Chadhokar, 1978). In Hawaii, a weed risk assessment based on the Australia/New Zealand model rated the species at 20, i.e. high risk (PIER, 2012).
Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).
Authors: Duenas-Lopez Manuel Angel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.
Sida acuta (sida).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Clements David 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Originating in central America, the small perennial shrub, S. acuta has successfully invaded the tropics worldwide, largely as a contaminant in pasture seed. Its tolerance of a wide range of growing conditions has enabled S. acuta to become established in these diverse habitats. It infests various crops and habitats, but has been most problematic in pastures and rangelands, particularly in savannah-type biomes with pronounced wet and dry seasons. It can form dense monospecific stands in these regions, and has had a pronounced economic impact in northern Australia, Papua New Guinea and many Pacific Islands. Since the late 1980s, the foliage-feeding chrysomelid beetle Calligrapha pantherina has been introduced into many areas as a biological control agent specific to S. acuta and related Sida species. Introductions of C. pantherina have led to successes in control of S. acuta infestations, reducing seed production, and resulting in restoration of native vegetation in many cases.
Is musculoskeletal pain related to locomotive syndrome even in young and middle-aged adults?
Authors: Kato Toshihiro , Nishimura Akinobu , Ohtsuki Makoto , Wakasugi Yusuke , Nagao-Nishiwaki Rie , Fukuda Aki , Kato Ko , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Locomotive syndrome (LS) is the leading cause of persons needing long-term care in old age and is characterized by locomotive organ impairment including musculoskeletal pain. The aim was to examine the association between musculoskeletal pain and LS in young and middle-aged persons.

Methods
A total of 836 participants (male 667, female 169; mean age 44.4 years) were examined in this cross-sectional study. The LS was evaluated by three screening tools: the two-step test, the stand-up test, and the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale. Musculoskeletal pain, exercise habits, physical function (walkability and muscle strength), and physical activity were also assessed.

Results
The LS was found in 22.8% of participants. The number with musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in those with the LS. A significant correlation was found between the degree of musculoskeletal pain and exercise habits. Less regular exercise was significantly associated with higher LS prevalence. Physical activity and function were greater in participants with more regular exercise.

Conclusion
Musculoskeletal pain was significantly related to LS even in young and middle-aged persons. The present results suggest that control of musculoskeletal pain and improvement of exercise habits in young and middle-aged persons might help prevent the LS.
A postgraduate experiment: a study of fabricating nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Khan Kamran-ul-Haq , Mahmood Shahid , Raees Anam , Rizvi Ghaus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to propose an experiment based on the fabrication of nanofibers by an electrospinning method that may become part of curricula at postgraduate level, for students of physics. This addition will not only increase the teaching capabilities of scientist and researchers at this level but also enhance the basic understanding of physics students of experimental setup and their approach to explore untouched areas in the field of nano-science in the future. This experiment gives a qualitative analysis of some physical parameters that affects the morphology and size of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. The experiment has been performed on a trial basis, at the Department of Physics, University of Karachi. During the experiment we studied the effect of needle diameter and concentration of PVA on the size of nanofibers by SEM analysis. The statistical analysis of PVA nanofibers was performed by one-way analysis of variance by considering a P-value equal to 0.05. The analysis concluded that variation at the lower range of needle diameter has no significant effect on the size and morphology of nanofibers. Moreover, it is suggested, for future research, to consider the orientation of fiber alignment and control.
Suppression of autoresonant stimulated Raman scattering in transversely weakly magnetized plasmas
Authors: Zhou Y Z , Zheng C Y , Liu Z J , Cao L H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We investigate the behaviour of backward stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) in inhomogeneous plasma with a transverse external magnetic field via 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical analysis. The external magnetic field

B

e
x
t

causes nonlinear damping of large-amplitude electron plasma waves (EPWs), and significantly limits the reflectivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) even if

B

e
x
t

is very weak. For a single resonance point,

B

e
x
t

limits the kinetic nonlinear frequency shift, impedes the autoresonance behaviour of SRS, and narrows the resonance region. We also exhibit

B

e
x
t

distorts the distribution function of electrons evidently, and alters the wavefronts of EPWs in high dimensional cases. The simulation results indicate a moderate

B

e
x
t

can significantly reduce the trapped electron induced gain of SRS reflectivity, and make the BSRS reflectivity stay at its linear convective saturation level steadily.
Improved treatment of dark matter capture in neutron stars II: leptonic targets
Authors: Bell Nicole F. , Busoni Giorgio , Robles Sandra , Virgato Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neutron stars harbour matter under extreme conditions, providing a unique testing ground for fundamental interactions. We recently developed an improved treatment of dark matter (DM) capture in neutron stars that properly incorporates many of the important physical effects, and outlined useful analytic approximations that are valid when the scattering amplitude is independent of the centre of mass energy. We now extend that analysis to all interaction types. We also discuss the effect of going beyond the zero-temperature approximation, which provides a boost to the capture rate of low mass dark matter, and give approximations for the dark matter up-scattering rate and evaporation mass. We apply these results to scattering of dark matter from leptonic targets, for which a correct relativistic description is essential. We find that the potential neutron star sensitivity to DM-lepton scattering cross sections greatly exceeds electron-recoil experiments, particularly in the sub-GeV regime, with a sensitivity to sub-MeV DM well beyond the reach of future terrestrial experiments.
Probing sub-eV Dark Matter decays with PTOLEMY
Authors: Bondarenko Kyrylo , Boyarsky Alexey , Nikolic Marco , Pradler Josef , Sokolenko Anastasia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When the Dark Matter mass is below the eV-scale, its cosmological occupation number exceeds the ones of photons from the cosmic microwave background as well as of relic neutrinos. If such Dark Matter decays to pairs of neutrinos, it implies that experiments that seek the detection of the cosmic neutrino background may as well be sensitive to this additional form of “dark radiation”. Here we study the prospects for detection taking into account various options for the forecasted performance of the future PTOLEMY experiment. From a detailed profile likelihood analysis we find that Dark Matter decays with lifetime as large as 104 Gyr or a sub-% Dark Matter fraction decaying today can be discovered. The prospects are facilitated by the distinct spectral event shape that is introduced from galactic and cosmological neutrino dark radiation fluxes. In the process we also clarify the importance of Pauli-blocking in the Dark Matter decay. The scenarios presented in this work can be considered early physics targets in the development of these instruments with relaxed demands on performance and energy resolution.
Production of thermal axions across the electroweak phase transition
Authors: Arias-Aragón Fernando , D'Eramo Francesco , Ferreira Ricardo Z. , Merlo Luca , Notari Alessio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Light axions can potentially leave a cosmic background, just like neutrinos. We complete the study of thermal axion production across the electroweak scale by providing a smooth and continuous treatment through the two phases. Focusing on both flavor conserving and violating couplings to third generation quarks, we compute the amount of axions produced via scatterings and decays of thermal bath particles. We perform a model independent analysis in terms of axion effective couplings, and we also make predictions for specific microscopic QCD axion scenarios. This observable effect, parameterized as it is conventional by an effective number of additional neutrinos, is above the 1σ sensitivity of future CMB-S4 surveys. Moreover, if one assumes no large hierarchies among dimensionless axion couplings to standard model particles, future axion helioscopes will provide a complementary probe for the parameter region we study.
Optical, Acoustic and Electromagnetic Vulnerability Detection for Information Security
Authors: Liu W B , Fan P Z , Wang M H , Li Y K , Ding J F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The information interaction between the air-gapped internal network and the external Internet is only possible through authorized and strictly controlled methods. Attackers make use of the vulnerability to transmit information covertly by software-stimulated signals leakage, which vary from optical, acoustic to electromagnetic, so we need to find the vulnerabilities and protect them from malicious exploitation. In this paper, a simple and active method to detect these vulnerabilities is presented from an optical point of view, that is, the Light Emitting Diode (LED) status indicator and screen backlight are controlled to send information by frequency shift keying (FSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK). Improved receiver is designed for acquisition of optical signals, and the vulnerability detection methods are unified for acoustic and electromagnetic vulnerability. The target signal is easily distinguished from the noise signal by the time-frequency domain characteristics, the hidden testing information is recovered by simple demodulation methods, and the mechanism of compromising emanation from digital signal is revealed. Several hidden features such as harmonics and intermodulation have been investigated, which can be used to detect optical, acoustic and electromagnetic vulnerability quickly.
Demarcation of River based on UAV LIDAR Point Cloud Data
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Huang Bensheng , Cheng Liangxiong , Sun Xiufeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Delimiting the scope and boundary of river and lake management is the primary work of strengthening river and lake management, and is the precondition of water conservancy administration according to law. The precise scope of management and protection areas is defined for the purpose of regulating all activities within the area and carrying out water conservation activities within the area. The conventional surveying and mapping technology of acquiring terrain data, i.e., Computer Aided Design (CAD) drawing of river construction projects, mapping of 1:2 000 scale image, are not only time-consuming but also inaccurate.
The high-resolution 3D point cloud data obtained from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) lidar can identify the baseline lines of river management demarcation, i.e.,ank toe line, dike toe line, bank revetment top line, bank slope line, etc. Through spatial analysis and manual visual interpretation, the boundary of river management area can be accurately demarcated.
The accuracy of the baseline lines of river management demarcation drawn by ARCGIS depends on the resolution of 3D point cloud data, the environment of the river and the deviation of manual visual interpretation.
Research on Improvement of Optical Model of Human Vision
Authors: Wu Bo-Wen , Yin Li-Te , Liu Hsiang-Jui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In retrospect, visional researches mostly focused on vision sensitivity. However, a vision model suitable to human eye shall be built to further explore human eye visional characteristics. Most of the vision models in the fields of optometry and physiological optics must be modified to bring them more closer to actual human eye characteristics. While the aforementioned potential problem would not impede the visual capability of a person with normal eye sight, it tends to cause significant implication for a patient with retina illness during the initial syndrome and recuperation period after surgical operation. Under some special circumstances, such as in a battle field when lack of light is norm due to weather and landform conditions, human eye recognition capability would be significantly compromised as well. The CSF (Contrast sensitivity function) curve is proposed to be applied to the analysis in evaluating human eye recognition characteristics problems. this is the first literature to incorporate CS(contrast sensitivity) correction into human vision multi-parameter model. The modified modeling is validated by the experiment results showing the modified model is closed to human eye’s CSF curve.
The Piezoelectric Effect – an Indispensable Solid State Effect for Contemporary Actuator and Sensor Technologies
Authors: Ballas Rüdiger G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The piezoelectric effect, which was discovered for the first time by the brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie, combines electrical with mechanical quantities and vice versa. If piezoelectric materials (e.g. quartz, turmaline) are subjected to electrical signals along certain crystal orientations, deformations along well-defined crystal orientations appear. Contrary, a mechanical deformation results in a generation of polarization charges. Even if there exist numerous publications on this so-called direct and reciprocal piezoelectric effect, the aim of this paper is to convey a clear and easy understanding of this essential solid body effect in particular for the non-specialist, since a large number of publications is rather superficial and unfortunately sometimes incorrect. A variety of ionic crystals show the direct and reciprocal piezoelectric effect. In this paper, an illustrative representation of both effects is given by the molecular structure of alpha-quartz, a stable modification of the silicon dioxide, the second most common mineral of the earth’s crust. Both effects always involve an important physical quantity, the so-called electrical polarization, which represents an Euclidean vector being defined as the quotient of the total dipole moment resulting from the deformation of the hexagonal unit cell of alpha-quartz and the volume of the unit cell. Based on the physical explanation of the dipole moment, it is shown how the directions of the electrical polarization can be calculated in a simple manner. This finally enables the physical understanding of both effects that are nowadays used in numerous technical applications in the broad field of sensor and actuator technologies.
Linearity measurement of FTIR infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility determined using flux superposition at NIM
Authors: Song X , Dong W , Yuan Z , Lu X , Li Z , Qu Y , An B , Huan K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Fournier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer using a deuterated triglycine sulfate (DTGS) detector is the radiation detective unit of the infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility of standard reference of P. R. China at NIM. The linearity of the FTIR spectral responsivity in the NIM infrared spectral emissivity measurement facility has a significant contribution to emissivity measurement. The linearity of the FTIR using the DTGS detector is experimentally measured using a flux superposition principle. A linearity measurement system of FTIR spectral responsivity is established using a high- and mid-temperature standard reference cavity blackbody radiation sources, covered the temperature range (373-1373) K. The linearity characteristics are measured in the temperature range of (473∼1273) K of the blackbody radiation sources. The measurement results with the uncertainties at the representative wavelengths of 3.9 μm and 10.6 μm are reported. The associated discussions about the linearity measurement results, including the difference at the two wavelengths, the effects caused by reflection and verifications are carried out. All the measurements in this paper are traceable to NIM.
Learning media development based on CNC simulator as the digital tool to support the CNC practice learning during COVID-19 new normal
Authors: Suyetno A , Yoto  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Covid-19 pandemic changed human’s lifestyle in various areas. Indonesia Government enacted many rules to avoid Covid-19 transmission. The Ministry of Education and Culture issued a policy through a circular regarding the arrangement of learning activities from home during the Covid-19 emergency. Due to the policy, classical in-class learning method changed into virtual through online classes. The CNC simulation makes it possible for students to visualize model and concept into realization. The CNC Simulator is a computer program that could simulate the setting and operation of the CNC machine. The CNC simulator can be used as a digital tool to support the CNC practice learning activity, which was hindered by social activities restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used the ADDIE development model, according to Lee and Owens. The stages were: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Based on the evaluation, it could be concluded that all five indicators fell into the category of proper to use without revision because on average, they had above 80% score. The final score was 84.25%; thus, learning media based on CNC simulator was proper to sue in the learning activity.
Bridging competency gap between vocational school and industry by adopting the German BLok platform
Authors: Maruanaya R F , Hariyanto D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The cooperation between vocational high school and industry in Indonesia has been established for decades ago. The goal of this cooperation program is to achieve the skill and knowledge which are needed in the workspace. Consequently, vocational education and training should be conducted both in vocational school and in industry. That is the main reason for the vocational school to cooperate with the companies. The initial step to developing beneficial cooperation should start by initiating the mutual acceptance and understanding from each party in the form of Memorandum of Understanding. It means that the vocational school needs to communicate, coordinate, and cooperate with industry, especially with the trainers. Unfortunately, there are several factors that inhibit those three processes, such as difficult to find a suitable time and place and lack of media communication platform. The proposed online technology that can support all three levels of communication, coordination, and cooperation between the vocational school and industry is BLok online platform. It is a German online training report system for dual vocational training that enables all vocational training parties to participate.
The innovation of technology utilisation in distributing employee by vocational secondary school career centre
Authors: Triantini D , Yuniarti N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Career Centre has a main role as a division in Vocational Secondary School (VSS) to bridge the students and alumni with their work field. Finding out how the success of the Career Centre’s performance is very important for evaluation purposes. This study aimed to: (1) find out the role of the Career Centre in distributing the graduates of VSS in Yogyakarta at the workplace; (2) find out the obstacle experienced and its solution. This was evaluation research using the quantitative descriptive approach. The results showed that Career Centre’s role was good accumulatively viewed from five aspects: (1) as seeker and provider of employment information; (2) conducting a coaching and employee briefing for students/alumni; (3) regarding stakeholders’ partnership; (4) regarding recruitment, selection, and graduate distribution; and (5) graduates tracing. As doing their role, Career Centres faced some obstacles, such as a limited number of administrators, mismatching skills among vocational graduates, less developed IT utilisation, and less organized administrative management. Career Centre’s performance has not been optimal thus it needs innovation. Optimizing technology utilisation by creating an information system with important and helpful features will improve the Career Centre in doing their role. Those features will facilitate the students, alumni, and administrators regarding job vacancies and recruitment information, work field recommendation, graduates’ tracing, administrative management, etc.