bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of ROS1 by immunohistochemistry against fluorescent in situ hybridisation on cytology and small biopsy samples in a large teaching hospital
Authors: Narine Nadira , Wallace Andrew , Dore Jonathan , O’Leary‐Jackson Simon , Al Najjar Haider , Bailey Simon , Khan Kashif , Teng Benjamin , Qasim Muhammad , Shelton David , Holbrook Miles , Abbasi Salma , Carter Matthew , Irion Luciane , Al‐Habba Samer , Lindsay Colin , Blackhall Fiona , Rana Durgesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveRearranged ROS1, present in 1%‐2% of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, usually young, never or light smokers, is assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine eligibility for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the protein product of ROS1 rearrangement, a cost‐effective alternative, is validated on cytology and small biopsy samples.MethodsFrom 1 March to 31 December 2019, cytology cell blocks and small biopsy samples from a selected cohort of NSCLC patients were concurrently tested for ROS1 gene rearrangement by Vysis 6q22 Break Apart FISH probe and IHC using Cell Signalling D4D6 antibody. Mismatch cases were tested by an RNA fusion next generation sequencing (NGS) panel.ResultsIn a prospective population of 95 cases, 91 were negative and two were positive by both FISH and IHC. Both dual positive cases were female never smokers and benefited from TKI treatment. Another two cases were positive by FISH but negative by IHC and repeat by NGS showed one to be negative but one failed. Turnaround time for IHC was 0 to 8 days from request to authorisation, whilst that of FISH was 9 to 42 days at a cost of £51 and £159 respectively.ConclusionIHC to assess for the protein product of ROS1 gene rearrangement on cytology cell blocks and small biopsy samples in a routine setting is a promising screening method to assess eligibility for TKI treatment with positive and indeterminate cases confirmed by FISH or NGS as it has good negative predictive value, faster turnaround time and is cost effective, with proven technical and clinical validation.
Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in low‐ and middle‐income countries: preliminary findings from an international multi‐centre cerebral palsy register
Authors: Jahan Israt , Muhit Mohammad , Hardianto Denny , Laryea Francis , Chhetri Amir Banjara , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , McIntyre Sarah , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam 
Published: May 2021

AimTo describe the epidemiology of cerebral palsy (CP) in children from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) using data from the Global Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country CP register (GLM‐CPR).MethodThe GLM‐CPR is a multi‐country initiative that combines and compares data from children with CP (<18y) in LMICs. Children with CP are registered after detailed neurodevelopmental assessment by a multidisciplinary medical team using a harmonized protocol. Data are collected on agreed core variables. Descriptive analyses are completed to report findings from participating countries.ResultsBetween January 2015 and May 2019, 2664 children were recruited from Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia, and Ghana (mean age [SD] at assessment: 7y 8mo [4y 8mo], 95% confidence interval 7y 6mo−7y 11mo; male [n=1615] 60.6%, female [n=1049] 39.4%). Overall, 86.6% children acquired CP prenatally and perinatally (e.g. preterm birth, birth asphyxia, neonatal encephalopathy). Median age at CP diagnosis was 3 years. Moreover, 79.2% children had spastic CP and 73.3% were classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels III to V. Notably, 47.3% of children never received rehabilitation services (median age at receiving rehabilitation services was 3y; 12.7% received assistive devices) and 75.6% of school‐age children had no access to education.InterpretationPopulation‐based data show that the proportion of severe cases of CP is very high in LMICs. Children with CP in LMICs lack access to rehabilitation and educational services and a large proportion of children have potentially preventable risk factors, for example, birth asphyxia and neonatal infections. Delayed diagnosis, severe motor impairments, and lack of rehabilitation in most children call for urgent action to identify preventive opportunities and promote early diagnosis and intervention for children with CP in LMICs.
What this paper adds

The proportion of severe cases of cerebral palsy (CP) is very high in rural low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Children with CP in LMICs lack access to rehabilitation and educational services.

A large proportion of children with CP in LMICs have potentially preventable risk factors.
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Kadowaki Takashi , Seino Yutaka , Okamoto Taro , Shirakawa Masayoshi , Sato Asako , O'Neill Edward A. , Engel Samuel S. , Kaufman Keith D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ipragliflozin 50 mg once daily added to sitagliptin 50 mg once daily monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsThe results of two clinical trials are reported. In both trials, patients had glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 7.0% to 10.0% on sitagliptin 50 mg once daily 2 weeks prior to addition of ipragliflozin or placebo. In one trial (Trial 843), patients were randomized 1:1 to addition of blinded ipragliflozin 50 mg once daily (n = 73) or placebo (n = 70) for 24 weeks; the primary endpoint was efficacy (change in HbA1c at Week 24). In the other trial (Trial 849), open‐label ipragliflozin 50 mg once daily was added for 52 weeks (n = 77); the primary objective was to assess safety/tolerability.ResultsIn Trial 843, baseline characteristics were similar between groups (mean age 60.5 years, HbA1c 8.0%); after 24 weeks, adding ipragliflozin provided significantly greater reduction in HbA1c compared to placebo: least squares mean difference −0.77% (95% confidence interval −0.98, −0.57; P <0.001). In Trial 843, the incidences of adverse events (AEs) overall and prespecified AEs of clinical interest (symptomatic hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypovolaemia, and polyuria/pollakiuria) were similar between groups. In Trial 849, specific AEs with incidence ≥5% were nasopharyngitis, pollakiuria, back pain, thirst, constipation, influenza and arthralgia; drug‐related AEs reported in ≥2 patients were pollakiuria, thirst and constipation.ConclusionsIpragliflozin 50 mg once daily added on to sitagliptin 50 mg once daily monotherapy provided significant improvement in glycaemic control and was generally well tolerated in Japanese patients with T2D. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02577003, NCT02564211.
Circ_0027599 elevates RUNX1 expression via sponging miR‐21‐5p on gastric cancer progression
Authors: Han Jinzhu , Yang Zixin , Zhao Shan , Zheng Likang , Tian Yanhua , Lv Yingqian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence has shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve as vital regulators in tumour progression. In this study, we focused on the functions of circ_0027599 in gastric cancer (GC) progression.MethodsThe levels of circ_0027599, runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mRNA and microRNA‐21‐5p (miR‐21‐5p) were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay. The protein levels of RUNX1, E‐Cadherin, vimentin and N‐Cadherin were measured by Western blot assay. Cell viability, colony formation, metastasis and cell cycle process were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The interaction between circ_0027599 and miR‐21‐5p and the interaction between miR‐21‐5p and RUNX1 were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The role of circ_0027599 in tumour growth in vivo was investigated by murine xenograft model assay.ResultsCirc_0027599 and RUNX1 were downregulated in GC tissues and cells. Circ_0027599 level was associated with the overall survival of GC patients. Circ_0027599 or RUNX1 overexpression inhibited GC cell viability, colony formation, migration, invasion and cell cycle process in vitro. For mechanism analysis, circ_0027599 positively regulated RUNX1 expression via functioning as the sponge for miR‐21‐5p. RUNX1 inhibition reversed circ_0027599 overexpression mediated malignant behaviours of GC cells. Moreover, circ_0027599 overexpression repressed tumour growth in vivo.ConclusionCirc_0027599 overexpression repressed GC progression via modulation of miR‐21‐5p/RUNX1 axis, which might illumine a novel therapeutic target for GC.
Multiplying effects of COVID‐19 lockdown on metabolic risk and fatty liver
Authors: Shanmugam Harshitha , Di Ciaula Agostino , Di Palo Domenica Maria , Molina‐Molina Emilio , Garruti Gabriella , Faienza Maria Felicia , vanErpecum Karel , Portincasa Piero 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial containment measures imposed in Europe during the lockdown to face COVID‐19 pandemic can generate long‐term potential threats for metabolic health.MethodsA cohort of 494 non‐COVID‐19 subjects living in 21 EU countries were interviewed by an anonymous questionnaire exploring anthropometric and lifestyle changes during 1‐month lockdown. A subgroup of 41 overweight/obese Italian subjects with previously diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) joined the study following a 12‐month follow‐up period promoting weight loss by healthy lifestyle.ResultsDuring the lockdown, body weight increased in 55% of subjects (average 2.4 ± 0.9 kg). Weight change increased with age, but not baseline body mass index. Subjects living in Italy had greater weight gain than those living in other European Countries. Weight gain during the lockdown was highest in subjects reporting no physical activity, and low adherence to Mediterranean diet. In the NAFLD group, weight gain occurred in 70% of cases. Subjects reporting weight loss during lockdown had decreased fatty liver score at 3 months before the lockdown, as compared with 1 year before.ConclusionsStrict measures of social containment—even short‐term—pave the way to the increased risk of metabolic abnormalities in the medium‐long term. In this context, adherence to Mediterranean diet and regular physical activity play a protective role both in terms of weight gain and fatty liver development/progression, with implication for primary and secondary prevention. When adopting measures imposing social containment, intensive educational campaigns must increase public awareness about beneficial effects of healthy lifestyles.
Slab fractures of the third carpal bone involving both radial and intermediate facets and outcomes after surgical repair in racing Quarter Horses
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Lawless Shauna P. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCharacteristics and outcomes after surgical repair of third carpal bone (C3) slab fractures involving both radial and intermediate facets in racing Quarter Horses are unknown.ObjectivesTo describe the pre‐ and intraoperative characteristics of C3 slab fractures of both radial and intermediate facets in Quarter Horses and to report on the long‐term outcomes after internal fixation.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsCase records were collected from racehorses with C3 slab fractures between 2008 and 2020. Inclusion criteria required arthroscopic‐guided repair of C3 slab fractures involving both radial and intermediate facets in Quarter Horses. Routine C3 slab fractures (single facet), fractures in other breeds or those repaired with other techniques were excluded. Outcomes were obtained by standardised questionnaire. Data were presented as mean ± SD or as proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsOf 22 Quarter Horses with C3 slab fractures involving both radial and intermediate facets, 91% (CI 79%‐100%; n = 20) were collapsing and 91% (CI 79%‐100%; n = 20) had avulsion of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament. Articular cartilage erosion and osteochondral fracture of the radial carpal bone was observed in 91% (CI 79%‐100%; n = 20) and 41% (CI 20%‐62%; n = 9) cases respectively. At 5.5 ± 3.9 years after surgery, 86% (CI 72%‐100%; n = 19) were alive and used for breeding or retirement. Of 18 horses with follow‐up >1 year, 39% (CI 16%‐61%; n = 7) resumed some athletic activity.Main limitationsCases were referred specifically for surgical repair and horses with fractures considered too severe for surgical intervention or euthanasia at owner request were not included. Questionnaire responses are susceptible to recall bias.ConclusionsHorses with C3 slab fractures of both radial and intermediate facets that are repaired have a favourable prognosis for retirement, breeding and potentially low‐level athletic activity.
Decision‐making processes of public sector accounting reforms in India—Institutional perspectives
Authors: Krishnan Sarada Rajeswari 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence has been the face of the global accounting standardisation movement for the past few decades, accounting reforms in the public sector had started to gain momentum from the late 1990s. This paper examines the reasons for the adoption of public sector accrual accounting reforms in India. It explores the various sources of pressure influencing these reforms and the ways in which these pressures are balanced and addressed by key decisionmakers in the national and transnational contexts of an emerging economy like India. This study finds that demands for greater accountability from the public in the national context (demand pressures) as well as requests for greater transparency from international financial institutions in the transnational context (supply pressures) are two major sources of pressure that are balanced by the state in its quest for greater legitimacy. This is demonstrated through a triggering event such as political scandals evoking responses from the government to reinforce its weakened legitimacy by adopting public sector accounting reforms. Extant literature on public sector accounting reforms, mostly focuses on the phases where the standards are being actually implemented by the country. Studies exploring decision‐making processes that lead to actual implementation of accrual accounting reforms are limited. This study contributes to existing literature by examining the decision‐making process that ensues before the actual use of international standards in public sector accounting reforms and demonstrates the significant role that institutional influences play in defining such decision‐making processes. The role of these institutional influences also draw attention to the probable disparities between rationales and actual reasons for government accounting reforms undertaken by developing countries.
Views of management effectiveness in tropical reef fisheries
Authors: McClanahan Timothy R. , Darling Emily S. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Gurney Georgina G. , Lestari W. Peni , Fox Margaret , Jupiter Stacy D. , Yulistianti Dhila A. , Muthiga Nyawira A. , D’agata Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effectiveness and outcomes of management are expected to improve when people are informed, engaged and influential in governance and management procedures. The social‐ecological and demographic contexts should, however, influence an individual's perceptions and willingness to engage and access appreciable benefits from management. To evaluate how engagement, procedures and perceived outcomes varied with geographic and social‐ecological context, we asked 1582 heads‐of‐households in 38 fishing villages in four tropical countries to evaluate the benefits of their local fisheries management. Responses to 10 collective action, social performance and management procedure questions fell along three response axes, namely (a) the potential benefits of management, (b) resource status and the reliability of yields and (c) the respondents' ability to influence management decisions. Respondents were most positive about the organization of the existing management systems but more sceptical about their ability to influence decision‐making and subsequent yields and resource status. More frequent negative opinions increased with urbanization (distance to cities and population density), which could arise from challenges of group cohesion, local control and subsequent management efficacy. Consequently, we argue that some common rural, decentralized, or collective fisheries management systems are inappropriate for engaging participation in urban contexts. Across all locations, there is a need to increase participation with management decisions and actions, and to transparently evaluate and respond to resource and yield outcomes. Crafting recommendations appropriate for urban contexts will be increasingly relevant as urbanization and commercialized fisheries expand in tropical countries.
Talking about post‐injury sexual functioning: The views of people with spinal cord injuries—A qualitative interview study
Authors: Nevin Sheila , Melby Vidar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore perceptions of people with spinal cord injuries regarding the information they received during their rehabilitation programme on post‐injury sexual functioning.BackgroundSpinal cord injury is a traumatic, life‐altering event that is associated with loss of motor and sensory function and sexual impairment. Existing evidence suggests that sexual issues are poorly handled during the rehabilitation phase of the patient's journey.DesignA descriptive qualitative design was utilized in this study.MethodsTwenty‐nine people with spinal cord injury participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews between November 2017 and April 2018, and data were analysed using the Burnard (1991, https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-6917(91)90009-y) thematic analysis framework.ResultsSome participants indicated they were sexually inactive prior to their spinal cord injury. They testified that they had not received information on post‐injury sexual functioning. Many participants who received post‐injury information on sexual functioning reported dissatisfaction with the content and timing of this information.ConclusionPersonal conversations between spinal cord injured patients and dedicated members of the interdisciplinary health team can enhance the quality of rehabilitation care and patients' satisfaction with rehabilitation care. Nurses are central clinicians in the rehabilitation programme of spinal cord injured patients and should engage in individually designed conversations about post‐injury sexual functioning.
Precarity for the global talent: The impact of visa policies on high‐skilled immigrants’ work in the United States
Authors: González Marcela F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe current historical context of growing diversification of legal statuses for high‐skilled immigrants since the 1990s has made immigration to the United States a multi‐step process: first immigrants have temporary legal statuses, or no legal status, and only in a subsequent stage acquire legal permanent residency. I analyse the constraints this multi‐step legal trajectory puts on highly skilled immigrants’ work in the United States. Specifically, what consequences it has for high‐skilled immigrants’ incorporation into the labour market the restrictions attached to temporary legal statuses and the visa backlogs and waiting lists immigrants experience in the transition from temporary to permanent residency. Based on 30 semi‐structured interviews with high‐skilled immigrants, I explain why legal status constraints their work due to three main reasons: immigrants’ attachment to one employer; difficulties finding a job that sponsors work temporary or permanent visas; and retaining the same job under different legal statuses.
Single‐cell advances in stromal‐leukocyte interactions in cancer
Authors: Wu Sunny Z. , Swarbrick Alexander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells in solid tumors have emerged as important mediators of immune function and response to immunotherapies. As such, comprehensive insights into their biology may reveal new predictors of drug response and new drug targets. While our understanding of mesenchymal biology in cancer is nascent, it is rapidly evolving, driven by advances in single‐cell technologies. These studies reveal distinct subclasses of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with unique properties for immune regulation and control of leukocyte activity. While these studies have revealed several similarities across distinct types of cancer, they still face key challenges in nomenclature. Single‐cell analysis of tumors has also revealed an abundance of perivascular cells with unique biology and associations with immune infiltration. They are often misclassified, likely confounding previous bulk studies, revealing a distinct lineage of cells that remain to be fully characterized. These studies have also shed light on the discrete cell types or transient cell states that shape mesenchymal heterogeneity in tumors, offering insights into new therapeutic strategies to modulate stromal cell differentiation. In this review, we will address how recent advances in single‐cell technologies have shaped our understanding of stromal heterogeneity and their coordination of immune responses in cancer.
Panamanian velvet worms in the genus Epiperipatus, with notes on their taxonomy and distribution and the description of a new species (Onychophora, Peripatidae)
Authors: Costa Cristiano Sampaio , Giribet Gonzalo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmong the least studied clade of velvet worms (Onychophora) is a clade of Neotropical Peripatidae (=Neopatida). Neopatida has been traditionally divided into an Andicoles group and a Caraïbes group, which now correspond to Oroperipatus and the remaining genera, respectively. Panama is located in a unique position bridging the faunas of both clades and of two large continents, both of which host an important diversity of velvet worms, yet taxonomic study of the Panamanian onychophorans has been largely neglected. In this study we critically evaluate the onychophoran diversity of Panama, redescribe a species from the former Canal Zone and describe a new species from the Pacific side, close to Costa Rica, as Epiperipatus bernali sp. nov., with a unique combination of characters visible under the SEM. We further discuss the existence of multiple lineages of Onychophora in Panama, both from the Andicoles and Caraïbes groups, and within the latter, with connections to different lineages, both from South and Central America.