bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI METODE TRANFORMASI GEN SUCROSE PHOSPHAT SYNTHASE (SPS) PADA TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum) DENGAN BANTUAN Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Okviandari Purnama 
Published: February 2021

Metode transformasi gen adalah cara mentranfer gen ke tanaman dengan tujuan tertentu yang dapat dilakukan secara alami dan buatan, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara alami dengan bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Didalam proses transformasi banyak faktor teknis yang mendukung keberhasilan tertransfernya gen. Oleh karena itu pada peneltian Optimasi Metode Transformasi gen Sucrose Phosphat Synthase (SPS) pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum) dengan bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan faktor-faktor yang mendukung transformasi gen secara alami dengan menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 yang mengandung konstrak gen SPS1 dari tanaman tebu, dikendalikan oleh promotor CaMV35S dan gen NPT II sebagai marker ketahanan terhadap kanamisin. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan optimalisasi penggunaan metode penelitian mulai penggunaan eksplan kotiledon, proses transformasi, kokultivasi,regenerasi, seleksi tanaman potatif transforman, aklimatisasi dan analisa DNA genom dengan harapan mendapatkan tanaman putatif transforman dengan persentase tinggi. Metode transformasi gen yang diperoleh akan mendukung kegiatan penelitian transformasi gen di UPT Laboratorium Terpabu dan Sentra Inovasi Universitas Jember dan di laboratorium lain yang memerlukannya.
LANGKAH-LANGKAH OPTIMASI PCR
Authors: Yuenleni Yuenleni 
Published: February 2021

Salah satu teknik analisa genetika adalah PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Sebelum dilakukan PCR dengan sampel penelitian, perlu dilakukan optimasi agar didapatkan komposisi dan kondisi PCR yang sesuai sehingga mendapatkan hasil PCR yang optimal. Seorang Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan (PLP) ataupun teknisi laboratorium dalam mendampingi peneliti atau mengerjakan penelitian dengan PCR seharusnya mengetahui langkah-langkah yang dilakukan jika sampel dan reagen sudah siap.Tulisan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan gambaran kepada PLP-teknisi laboratorium ataupun peneliti baru yang akan mengerjakan penelitian dengan PCR.Optimasi PCR bisa dilakukan dengan variasi komposisi PCR ataupun variasi tahapan PCR. Pada tulisan ini langkah-langkah PCR dijelaskan dengan contoh optimasi gena TCF7L2 (Transcription Factor 7-Like 2) dengan ukuran produk PCR 113 bp, optimasi ini dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi primer dan variasi tahapan PCR yaitu suhu annealing.Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengencerkan primer menjadi 100 uMol, kemudian membuat variasi konsentrasi primer yaitu 2,5 uMol, 5 uMol, dan 10 uMol. Suhu annealing (Ta) dihitung dari rata-rata suhu Melting (Tm ) primer Forward dan Primer Reverse dikurangi 5, kemudian melakukan PCR dengan variasi primer dan variasi suhu annealing yaitu 47 ̊C, 49 ̊C, 51 ̊C, dan 53 ̊C. Produk PCR di elektroforesis dan didokumentasikan hasilnya dengan Gel document dan gambar hasil elektroforesis dibandingkan secara visual.Produk PCR pada masing-masing konsentrasi primer dan masing-masing suhu annealing didapatkan band yang tebal, terang dan sesuai ukuran (target) dan konsentrasi primer yang menghasilkan band yang optimal adalah 2,5 uMol, dan Suhu annealing yang yang optimal adalah 53 ̊C.
Aplikasi Dimmer Switch pada Rak Kultur Sebagai Pengatur Kebutuhan Intesitas Cahaya Optimum Bagi TanamanIn Vitro
Authors: Yuniardi Fifit 
Published: February 2021

Kultur jaringan tanaman adalah salah satu cara menumbuhkan organ tanaman dalam suatu wadah/botol yang berisi media dalam keadaan steril. Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan tanaman dalam jumlah besar dalam waktu yang singkat. Faktor-faktor lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan dalam proses pertumbuhan dalam kultur in vitro, antara lain adalah cahaya. Kualitas, intensitas, dan lamanya radiasi yang mengenai tumbuhan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar terhadap berbagai proses fisiologi tumbuhan.Untuk mendapatkan hasil pertumbuhan yang optimal metode cahaya sangat dibutuhkann, namun yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kebutuhan cahaya dalam proses kultur Jaringan berbeda-beda dimana dalam proses inisiasi pembelahan sel pada eksplan dan pertumbuhan jaringan kalus terkadang mengalami hambatan dengan adanya cahaya sedangkan dalam pertumbuhan pemanjangan bagian tanaman dan pengakaran kebutuhan cahaya lebih meningkat. Intensitas cahaya yang optimum untuk tanaman pada tahap kultur inisiasi 1-1.000 lux, tahap multiplikasi 1.000-10.000 lux, tahap pengakaran 10.000 – 30.000 lux dan tahap aklimatisasi sebesar 30.000 lux. Adanya aplikasi pada rak kultur diharapkan dapat mengatur cahaya sesuai kebutuhan tanaman dalam kegiatan kultur in vitro.
End-of-life cost for lung cancer patients in Greece: a hospital-based retrospective study
Authors: Kokkotou Eleni , Stefanou Garyfallia , Syrigos Nikolaos , Gourzoulidis George , Ntalakou Eleutheria , Apostolopoulou Anna , Charpidou Andriani , Kourlaba Georgia 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to estimate the cost of treating patients with lung cancer at their end-of-life (EOL) phase of care in Greece.
Materials & methods:
A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted in the Oncology Unit of ‘Sotiria’ Hospital, in Athens, Greece. All lung cancer patients who died between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018 with at least 6 months follow-up were enrolled in the study. Healthcare resource utilization data, including inpatient and outpatient ones, during the last 6 months before death was extracted from a registry kept in the unit. This data were combined with the corresponding local unit costs to calculate the 6, 3 and 1-month EOL cost in €2019 values.
Results:
A total of 122 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean (standard deviation) age at diagnosis was 67.8 (8.9) years with 78.7% of patients being male and 55.0% diagnosed at stage IV. About 52.5% of patients had been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, 28.7% with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer types and 18.9% with small-cell-lung cancer. The median overall survival of these patients was 10.8 months. During the EOL periods, the mean cost/patient in the last 6, 3 and 1 month were €7665, €3351 and €1009, respectively. Pharmaceutical cost was the key driver of the total cost (75% of the total 6-month) followed by radiation therapy (16.2%). The median EOL 6-month cost was marginally statistically significantly higher among patients with adenocarcinoma (€9031) compared with squamous (€6606) and to small-cell-lung cancer (€5474).
Conclusion:
The findings of the present study indicate that lung cancer treatment incurs high costs in Greece, mainly attributed to pharmaceutical expenses, even at the EOL phase.
Classifying Restatements: An Application of Machine Learning and Textual Analytics
Authors: Hayes Louise , Boritz J. Efrim 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Restatements of audited financial statements are used for evaluating reporting quality and audit quality, and for other evaluative purposes. We constructed a machine learning algorithm to classify restatements by management intent based on the language in restatement announcements. Our machine learning classification is as reliable as other commonly used automated methods such as those based on market reaction, restatement direction, and magnitude. Our method does not require a dictionary of words and is applicable when other automated methods are not, for example, when restatements are announced contemporaneously with financial results and when net income is not restated. For large samples, the use of such a classification algorithm is less tedious and less time-consuming, and more consistent, replicable, and scalable than manual classification.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G38; M41; M42; M48.
How Does SEC Review Correspondence Affect Investors' Judgments? The Role of Access Costs and Review Ambiguity
Authors: Gale Brian 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Review correspondence between the SEC and firms is a potentially valuable resource for investors, revealing important information about firms' financial reporting quality. Research suggests that reducing access costs (i.e., the amount of effort required to access review correspondence) could increase investors' processing of this important information. Drawing on psychology theory, I predict and find that access costs interact with another key characteristic within the SEC's control—review ambiguity (i.e., transparency about outcomes from the SEC's review process)—to influence investors' judgments. Results show that when access costs are low, greater review ambiguity decreases investors' reliance on review correspondence information and influences investment judgments in a corresponding manner. In contrast, review ambiguity has no effect on investors' reliance or investment judgments when access costs are high. Overall, my results provide important new insights on the importance of SEC transparency during its review process, particularly as information becomes more easily accessible.
JEL Classifications: C91; D81; D83; G11; M41.
PROFIL PROFESIONALISME DOSEN JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Ratminingsih Ni Made 
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The Profile of Lecturers’ Professionalism of English Education Department. The aim of this research was to describe the lecturers’ professionalism at English Education Department in academic year 2011/2012. This was a descriptive research with a survey method, which was carried out by distributing questionnaires. They were 200 students of English Education Department sprea-ding from semester 1 to semester 7 from ten classes as the samples of the study. They were deter-mined purposively by taking into consideration as to whether the class was taught by the lecturer whom they were assessed.The finding proves that (1) the lecturers’ professionalism of English Edu-cation Department was assessed good by the students (mean: 3.72), (2) from the four competencies, personality competency reached the highest score (mean: 3.93), followed by social competency (mean: 3.88), professional competency (mean: 3.76), and finally pedagogicalcompetency (mean: 3.31), and (3) compared to other competencies, pedagogical competency was assessed the lowest among others and was classified moderate. Keywords: competency, professionalism Abstrak: Profil Profesionalisme Dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Tujuan utama pene-litian ini adalah untuk mengkaji profesionalisme staf dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris tahun akademik 2011/2012. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei, yaitu melalui penyebaran angket kepada responden, yakni 200 mahasiswa dari semester 1 sampai dengan semester 7 dari sepuluh kelas, yang ditentukan secara purposif berdasarkan kelas-kelas yang diajar oleh para dosen yang bersangkutan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa (1) secara umum kom-petensi dosen Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris adalah baik (rerata: 3,72), (2) dari keempat kom-petensi yang dinilai, kompetensi kepribadian mendapatkan capaian tertinggi (rerata 3,93) yang di-ikuti oleh kompetensi sosial (rerata 3,88), kompetensi profesional (rerata 3,76), dan terakhir kompe-tensi pedagogik (rerata 3,31), dan (3) dibandingkan dengan kompetensi lainnya, kompetesi pedago-gik dinilai paling rendah oleh mahasiswa, dengan kategori cukup. Kata-kata Kunci: profesionalisme, kompetensi
Impact of wind and solar power plants on the reliability of the IPS
Authors: Nepomnyashchiy V. A. 
Published: February 2021

One of the most promising areas in the development of the electric power industry is generally regarded to lie in expanding the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electric energy balance of power systems in the form of wind and solar power plants (WPP and SPP), the saving of organic fuel (coal, gas, fuel oil) and the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions into the atmosphere considered to be their most important advantages. However, the impact of RES on the controllability of the modes of operation of electric power systems and on the reliability of the IPS operation remains quite unexplored.Currently, the global energy industry uses 318 million kW of WPP and about 142.4 million kW of SPP, of which the major West European countries account for about 227 million kW, or 49.3%. On average, wind and solar power plants account for almost 30% of the total generating capacity in Western Europe, with Denmark having the largest share of WPP (47%) and Germany having the highest share of SPP (18.6%). However, an uncontrolled growth in the share of WPP and SPP in the structure of generating capacities of power systems begins to manifest itself in a sharp decline in the reliability of the power industry due to the fact that a number of negative properties of WPP and SPP have not been taken into account (at least, to a sufficient extent), which manifested themselves in practice in a system accident in the UK power system that occurred on August 09, 2019, when, as a result of an "ordinary" short circuit, a system accident occurred, with up to 1.1 million consumers with a total load of 1690 MW disconnected from the power supply system for a period of 15 to 45 minutes. This is estimated to have resulted in economic losses for consumers amounting to 12.3–15.0 million USD.The reason for this is that the high sensitivity of WPP, SPP, CCGT and gas piston units to voltage and frequency drops is not properly considered in conditions of insufficient capacity of the rotating (mobile) generation reserve. Damage can be prevented by increasing the rotating reserve within the available reserve of the power system, which will require an increase in funds for maintaining the same due to additional fuel consumption. The ratio of reduction of probable damage to consumers and the cost of additional fuel consumption for maintenance of a required rotating reserve in the power system allows to economically substantiate the strategy and scale of introduction of renewable energy sources to the power industry.
Communication process as a factor of alternative energy development in Russia and worldwide
Authors: Simbukhovskaya K. R. , Uzhanov A. Ye. 
Published: February 2021

The authors assess the impact of the communication process on comprehensive study of renewable energy sources (RES) and its actualization as a factor in the development of alternative energy in the Russian Federation.The aspects of improving communications and involving their processes and tools (technologies, tools, formats) in the creation of alternative energy infrastructure in Russia with the aim of improving the natural landscape in the conditions of predominant development of hydrocarbon economy have been identified and presented.The study shows the role and the importance of transmitting knowledge about the global limitations of natural forces and resources, high rate of changes in the natural and climatic conditions of living on the planet Earth for the investment of states with centralized power industry in alternative sources of electricity, their creation and integration with existing energy infrastructure based on hydrocarbon raw materials.The mechanisms of a political, economic, energy-technological, socio-ecological and educational-informational nature are described, which, when combined, can act synergistically in the current unstable realities to change the situation dramatically for the better and to form hybrid, more balanced and safer fuel and energy solutions on our planet and in Russia in particular.It is concluded that the communication process in the field of alternative energy, which reduces the negative destructive impact on the environment, can become a determining factor and a serious driver for the development of the renewable energy sector under certain circumstances that are highlighted as relevant in this study.A brief and essential description of the sources of electric energy generation is given, water, sun and wind being the initial resources for their generation. In relation to each type of alternative generators, both standard and universal communication processes (means) can be used, as well as those adapted exclusively to a specific renewable resource.
Identifying Gaps in Community Pharmacists’ Competence in Medication Risk Management in Routine Dispensing
Authors: Kallio Sonja , Eskola Tiina , Airaksinen Marja , Pohjanoksa-Mäntylä Marika 
Published: February 2021

Background: Community pharmacists increasingly contribute to medication risk management while dispensing medicines to outpatients. Their risk management actions are shifting from medication counselling towards reviewing medications and following-up their therapeutic effects and outcomes. Acquiring these more clinical tasks require more patient care-oriented competences.
Objective: To identify gaps in community pharmacists’ competence in medication risk management in routine dispensing.
Setting: All community pharmacies in Finland.
Method: A national cross-sectional online survey was conducted through the Association of Finnish Pharmacies (n=574 community pharmacies) and the university pharmacies (n=2) in 2015. One pharmacist from each pharmacy was recommended to report on behalf of their outlet.
Main outcome measure: Community pharmacists’ self-assessed competence to: 1) identify medication-related risks, 2) utilise electronic tools in medication risk management, and 3) identify their perceived needs for developing competence in medication risk management.
Results:  Responses were received from 169 community pharmacies (response rate 29%). The highest proportion of good competency estimates were self-assessed in confirming doses (98% of the respondents evaluated their competence to be good) and identifying drug-drug interactions (83%). Competence to identify adverse effects, such as serotonergic load (10%) and anticholinergic load (12%), was most seldomly perceived as good. Of the wide range of electronic databases available, respondents most commonly reported using daily summaries of product characteristics (97% of the respondents), the checklist-type generic medicines information database that supports in medication counselling (85%), and the programme assisting in identifying drug-drug interactions (83%). The most commonly reported training needs were related to the identification of serotonergic load (63%), anticholinergic load (62%), and evaluating the clinical significance of drug-drug interactions (54%).
Conclusion: The results indicate remarkable gaps in community pharmacists’ current competence in medication risk management, particularly in their competence in applied and geriatric pharmacotherapy.
Effect of Average Blood Glucose Greater Than 140 mg/dL on Adverse Patient Outcomes in Adult Medical/Surgical Patients
Authors: Wynes Morgan , Boyle Jaclyn 
Published: February 2021

Background: In hospitalized patients, hyperglycemia is defined as blood glucose greater than 140 mg/dL. Hyperglycemia can lead to the development of nosocomial infections as well as cardiovascular events. Despite these risks, current guidelines recommend blood glucose be maintained between 140-180 mg/dL. Previous studies have shown that elevated blood glucose levels are associated with increased patient mortality. However, these studies assessed blood glucose at a single point in time.
Objective: The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of average blood glucose >140 mg/dL on a composite outcome of intensive care unit transfer, death, length of stay > 4 days, development of nosocomial infection, or new cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction [MI], ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis [DVT], pulmonary embolism [PE], or new onset heart failure) occurring during patient admission.
Methods: This single centered, randomized, case-control, retrospective chart review sorted adult medical/surgical patients into two groups, average blood glucose ≤140 mg/dL or >140 mg/dL, of 120 patients each.
Results: Forty-seven (39.2%) patients in the >140 mg/dL group experienced the primary composite outcome versus 27 (22.5%) patients in the ≤140 mg/dL group (p=0.005). Secondary outcomes found that patients with diabetes in the >140 mg/dL group were more likely to experience the primary outcome than those in the ≤140 mg/dL group (41 (48.8%) vs 3 (13.6%) p=0.003).
Conclusions: This study found that medical/surgical patients with an average blood glucose >140 mg/dL may be at an increased risk of developing adverse patient outcomes.
Brinquedo terapêutico reduz a ansiedade em procedimentos odontológicos? Estudo clínico randomizado
Authors: Carvalho Maria Tereza Freire , Pinheiro Sérgio Luiz , De Sant'Anna Giselle Rodrigues , Duarte Danilo Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do brinquedo terapêutico sobre o grau de ansiedade produzida durante procedimento odontológico não invasivo. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 212 crianças, ambos os sexos, na faixa de 24 a 36 meses. Pesquisa realizada em duas creches municipais de uma cidade do Maranhão, após aprovação do CEP-CAAE 08426519.7.0000.5374. Estabeleceu-se Grupo Experimental - Brinquedo Terapêutico (BT), n=107, com uso BT e o Grupo Controle (CTR), n=105, sem uso do BT. Utilizou-se medidas de batimento cardíaco e saturação de Oxigênio, bem como Teste VPT, FIS e FIS (Turma da Mônica), tomadas antes e após o procedimento, em ambos os grupos. Empregou-se teste t de Student para comparação entre variáveis numéricas, Mann Whitney para escalas de ansiedade e Spearman para correlação. Resultados: Houve redução do grau de ansiedade pelo Venham Picture Test (VPT) e Escalas Faciais (FIS) adaptada e Turma da Mônica após uso do BT, bem como redução da frequência cardíaca. Observou-se correlação entre batimentos por minuto e escalas de ansiedade e entre elas (p=0,01), após procedimento. Conclusão: A aplicação do BT promoveu redução do nível de ansiedade, tornando as crianças mais receptivas ao procedimento odontológico. Revelou-se, ainda, um método positivo e apropriado para estimular seu uso na rotina clínica odontopediátrica.
Influence of VNIIMK 620 and Itil flax varieties on the rheological properties of wheat dough
Authors: Kulevatova Tatyana Borisovna , Zlobina Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Lyascheva Svetlana Vitalyevna , Andreeva Lyubov Vladimirovna 
Published: February 2021

The influence of the mass fraction of flax in the composite mixture on the state of the carbohydrate – amylase complex of the studied system was studied. It was found out that the maximum viscosity of the suspension and the rate of starch gelation in a mixture of wheat flour with whole-ground flax is lower than in the suspension, where the dispersed phase was wheat flour, but higher than that, where the dispersed phase is flax.
The influence of flax on the rheological characteristics of wheat dough in the Chopin+ Mixolaba protocol was revealed. It is found out that with an increase in the mass fraction of flax in the composite mixture from 5 to 20%, the formation time of the test and its water absorption capacity increases, and the stability decreases. When the mass fraction of flax increases, the torque values at the extreme point of the function C2, which characterizes the dilution of the dough, increase; and at the point C5, which characterizes the retrogradation of starch, they decrease.