bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different body positions on the assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (1184.4)
Authors: Jara José , Chacon Max 
Published: June 2021

The Effect of Different Body Positions on the Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral AutoregulationJL Jara1, Max Chacón1: 1Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avda. Ecuador 3659, 9170124, Santiago, Chile.Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation (dCA) has been assessed for changes in arterial blood pressure induced by a change in the position of the subject, as in the sit‐to‐stand technique (Sorond et al. 2009). However, the most common method to evaluate dCA has been the thigh‐cuff maneuver proposed by Tiecks et al. (1995). But this technique has been performed with the subject lying in supine or in Fowler's position, and there are no studies of its use with other body positions.In this work, the classic index of autoregulation (ARI) and a recently‐proposed index, named model‐free ARI (mfARI), are utilized to assess dCA in 18 healthy subjects when they are laying supine, seated and standing. Three thigh‐cuff maneuvers are performed in each position. Subject means by position were compared with one‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA. Separated analysis were conducted for each index and cerebral hemisphere.Significant differences were only observed with the classic ARI on the left hemisphere (p<0.01), which might be attributed to the great variability that this index exhibits in different conditions rather than to a real physiological hemispheric difference.
Influence of dynamic cerebral autoregulation on presyncope in endurance athletes (1184.5)
Authors: Paquette Myriam , Le Blanc Olivier , Gaudreau Alexandra , Moreau Pascale‐Renée , Clément Andrée‐Anne , Thibault Guy , Brassard Patrice 
Published: June 2021

The impact of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) on presyncope symptoms (PS) is controversial in endurance athletes. We examined the influence of dCA during transient hypotension on PS in 11 male athletes using 1) the thigh‐cuff method (rate of regulation [RoR]), and 2) the relative reduction in cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) during transient hypotension induced by squat‐stand maneuvers at different frequencies (0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 Hz). Prevalence of PS was assessed using a 20‐min glyceryl trinitrate‐provoked head‐up tilt. Correlations were assessed between dCA metrics. Subjects were then divided into two groups according to presence (n=6; PS group) or absence (n=5; non‐PS group) of PS. There were no correlations between dCA metrics and time to PS. dCA metrics were unrelated, except CVCi response to hypotension at 0.05 Hz and 0.1 Hz (B=0.846, p=0.008). ROR was comparable between PS and non‐PS groups. The CVCi response to hypotension was attenuated in the PS group vs. non‐PS group (0.05 Hz: 1.51 ± 0.31 vs. 2.47 ± 0.27 %/%; 0.1 Hz: 1.35 ± 0.36 vs. 2.32 ± 0.41 %/%, all p<0.05). These results suggest that although CVCi was better adapted to coping with transient hypotension in athletes with PS vs. those without PS, this was unrelated to PS. Thus, metrics of dCA assessing the cerebral blood flow response to hypotension cannot be used to predict PS risk in endurance athletes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a research contract from the Ministère de l'Éductation, du Loisir et du Sport (Québec)
Are there differences in cerebral autoregulation between small increases or decreases of blood pressure? (1184.7)
Authors: Simpson David , Birch Anthony , Panerai Ronney 
Published: June 2021

Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the middle cerebral and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were recorded while a pseudorandom sequence of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) steps was applied for approximately 5 minutes in 31 healthy adult volunteers (53 recodings). The LBNP provoked ABP changes of 4.5 ± 4.1 mmHg (mean ± standard deviation). Cerebral autoregulation (CA) was quantified from phase at 0.1 Hz, calculated over the whole recording (Pwhole) and then only over segments with increasing or decreasing LBNP (Plbnp2, Plbnp1), respectively. Phase was also estimated over all signal segments with only increasing (or only decreasing) ABP (Pabp1, Pabp2) ‐ whether spontaneous or provoked. The results showed small, but significant differences between the estimates (Friedman, p<0.0001), with the largest mean values for Pabp1 and Pabp2. There was no significant difference (Wilcoxon) between Pabp1 and Pabp2, or between Plbnp1 and Plbnp2, but all were significantly different to Pwhole. There was no significant difference in dispersion from the mean, between phase estimates from different signal segments. The results thus indicate that the response to small increases or decreases in LBNP and ABP are similar. The data also provides further evidence that some signal segments within a recording are more suitable for CA analysis than others. Selection of only the segments with increasing or decreasing LBNP was not beneficial.Grant Funding Source: Supported by EPSRC (UK)
Improvement of hemopoieticstem cell register of donors in Kazakhstan (1185.4)
Authors: Omarova A. , Turgambayeva A. , Omarkulov B. , Alihanova K. , Magzumova R. , Tulemisova A. , Zhunusova D. 
Published: June 2021

Study of histocompatibility or HLA‐ typing, has not lost its significance in transplantation,so long as success of transplantation correlates with the number of coincidence of HLA‐ antigens in donor and in recipient to date.We analyzed 505 potential donors HSC registered in the database of RD HSC on sex, nationality, as well as on prevalence of HLA antigens on locus ‐A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1. SSP technique typing was carried out on low resolution and SBT method was carried outon high resolution.Typing carried out on low and high resolutionsof locucA, B, C, DRB1 averaged 9‐10%, and by locuc DQB1typing on high resolution was over 39%. Frequency of locus among potential HSC donors situation is as follows: 17 antigen species were found on this locus A. Meanwhile, the most frequent following antigens were found: A2 ‐ 25.4%, A24 ‐ 16.4%,and A1 ‐ 11.9%.31 antigen species were foundon locusB; the most frequent were antigen B35‐11.4%, B44‐7.9%,and B15‐7.8%.12 antigen species were found on locus C, the most frequentwere C7 ‐20.6%, 15.4% C6,and C1‐ 14,5%.The most spread antigens were DRB1 7‐14,3%, DRB1 4‐13,5%,and DRB1‐15‐ 12.1%, respectively, among 13 identified genes among potential HSC donors.DQB locus is presented by 6 types: DQB103, 02, 06, 05, 04, 16,the most spread antigen wasDQB1‐ 03, which covers more than one third of antigens presented in a given locus.
High resolution longitudinal analysis to evaluate the timing, duration and dynamics of exclusive breastfeeding in the Peruvian Amazon (119.3)
Authors: Ambikapathi Ramya , Kosek Margaret , Olortegui Maribel , Caulfield Laura 
Published: June 2021

The duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is often defined by the time from birth to the first non‐breast milk food/liquid fed (non‐EBF), or it is estimated by calculating the proportion of women at a given infant age who EBF in the previous 24 hr. Others have measured the total days of EBF (personal prevalence), recognizing that although non‐EBF days may occur, extended periods of EBF can be re‐initiated. We estimated and compared these metrics using data from enrollment (median 4 d, IQR: 3, 6) to 180 d among infants enrolled in the Peru MAL‐ED cohort study. Twice weekly surveillance was conducted with caretakers queried about infant feeding patterns in the previous 24 hr. Total of 14,922 household visits and 48,781 child days of nutritional data in the first 180 d were collected among 271 infants. The median duration of EBF (to first non‐EBF) was 19 d (IQR: 7, 63), in contrast to 54 d (IQR: 52, 60) based on prior 24‐hr method. The median total EBF prevalence was 81 d (IQR: 28, 131). Differences are due to the return to EBF after a non‐EBF period. Median number of returns to EBF is 2 (IQR: 1, 4). The first time mothers returned EBF, their infants gained 10.9 d (SE 3.9), and the second time, infants gained 8.1 d (SE 4.1) of EBF. Studies show that longer personal prevalence of EBF positively affects infant health. In settings where women report short gaps in EBF, programs should work with women to return to EBF during the 0‐6 month period. Interventions are likely to influence the duration of these secondary periods of EBF and their quantification should be considered in impact evaluation studies.Grant Funding Source: Funded by FNIH through grant from BMGF.
Early impact assessment of a large‐scale initiative to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in Bangladesh and Vietnam suggests improvements in IYCF practices and highlights importance of potential to benefit (119.6)
Authors: Menon Purnima , Rawat Rahul , Nguyen Phuong , Saha Kuntal , Kennedy Andrew , Khaled Adiba , Mai Lan , Ruel Marie 
Published: June 2021

Alive &amp; Thrive (A&amp;T) aims to improve IYCF through inter‐personal communications (IPC) and mass media (MM) interventions based on robust formative research. In the context of cluster‐randomized impact evaluations in Bangladesh (BD) and Vietnam (VN), and after early process evaluation that established reach and quality, we assessed early impacts of A&amp;T‐intensive (A&amp;T‐I) (IPC + MM), compared to A&amp;T‐non intensive (A&amp;T‐NI) (MM only) on 8 IYCF indicators. Baseline (2010) and mid‐line (2013) survey data [N~2000 children in A&amp;T‐I and A&amp;T‐NI groups in each country] were used to derive double‐difference estimates (DDE) of early impact on IYCF over time and between groups, adjusting for sample clustering. Large and significant early impacts were seen for 5 of 8 IYCF indicators in Bangladesh [early initiation of BF, exclusive BF, minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum acceptable diet, and intake of iron‐rich foods]; DDE ranged from 18.7 pp (EBF, p<0.01) to 26 pp (MDD, p<0.01). In VN, early impacts were seen only for EBF (DDE=21.2 pp, p<0.05); for complementary feeding in VN and continued BF in Bangladesh, potential to benefit was limited by high levels at baseline. Conclusions: Well‐designed and well‐implemented large‐scale interventions that combine IPC and MM have great potential to impact IYCF practices in Bangladesh, Vietnam and similar contexts, but impact could be conditional on initial levels of indicators.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through Alive & Thrive, managed by FHI 360
The effect of fluid dairy products on food intake, glycemic and appetite hormone responses in children (120.3)
Authors: Vien Shirley , Patel Barkha , Panahi Shirin , El Khoury Dalia , Luhovyy Bohdan , Hamilton Jill , Anderson G. 
Published: June 2021

Dairy intake has been linked to healthier body weight (BW) in children, but the effect of milk consumption on short‐term food intake (FI) has not been explored in this group. We examined the effect of milk compared to other commonly consumed drinks on subjective appetite (SA), FI, glycemia and appetite hormones (AH) in normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OWOB) children in two experiments. Exp. 1 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of isocaloric (130 kcal) and isovolumetric (250 mL) drinks of 2% milk, 1% chocolate milk (CM), 1.5% yogurt drink (YD), fruit punch (FP) and water on SA and FI at a pizza meal given 60 min later in NW and OWOB children. In all children, FI was 13 and 9% lower after CM and YD, respectively (P < 0.01), than water. Post‐meal SA was lower after milk than YD (P < 0.01). Exp. 2 compared the effects of pre‐meal and within meal consumption of milk and FP on SA, FI 60 min later, glucose and AH responses in NW and OWOB children. Pre‐meal SA increased and post‐meal SA decreased more after milk than FP (P < 0.05). Meal‐time FI and glucose and insulin AUCs were similar after the drinks and not affected by BW, but AH responses were altered. GLP‐1 AUC was higher after milk than FP and in OWOB compared to NW children (P < 0.03). The post‐prandial drop in ghrelin was greater after milk than FP in OWOB children (‐24 vs. ‐14%, P = 0.06), but similar in NW children after both drinks (‐12 vs. ‐16%, P = 0.58). Thus, pre‐meal and within meal milk consumption stimulates GLP‐1 and leads to greater ghrelin suppression in OWOB children, with no effect on FI.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Farmers of Canada
Aerobic fitness protects against ovariectomy associated metabolic dysfunction in rats (120.8)
Authors: Vieira‐Potter Victoria , Scroggins Rebecca , Park Young‐Min , Welly Rebecca , Britton Steve , Koch Lauren , Jenkins Nathan , Padilla Jaume , Thyfault John 
Published: June 2021

Ovariectomized (OVX) rodents model human menopause in that they rapidly gain weight and reduce physical activity (PA). How aerobic fitness protects against OVX‐associated metabolic dysfunction is not known. Female rats (n=43) selectively bred for high (HCR) and low intrinsic aerobic fitness (LCR) were maintained under standard conditions from 16‐39 wks of age. Midway, OVX or SHM operations were performed. Insulin sensitivity (via GTT, HOMA) and energy expenditure (EE) (via indirect calorimetry w/ PA monitoring via multidimensional beam breaks) were measured before and 4 wks after surgery. The 4 groups were compared for body mass and composition (DXA), adipose tissue (AT) distribution, brown (BAT), and fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids. HCR were ~30% smaller, had ~70% greater PA, consumed ~10% more energy relative to BW and had ~40% more BAT (all line, p<0.05). Remarkably, HCR were completely protected from OVX‐associated increases in BW, total and visceral AT, and HOMA, all of which increased in LCR (all grp x line int., p<0.01). OVX did not increase energy intake and reduced PA similarly in both lines (grp, p<0.01). Resting (REE) decreased only in LCR, as did relative BAT, which was correlated with REE across groups (r=0.6, p<0.01). Findings suggest that aerobic fitness may protect against OVX‐associated metabolic dysfunction, at least partially via a preservation of REE and BAT.Grant Funding Source: Supported by University of Missouri Research Council Grant and NIH R01DK088940
Life‐time genistein consumption alters unfolded protein response in mammary glands and tumors, and prevents antiestrogen resistance in rats (121.5)
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Hilakivi‐Clarke Leena 
Published: June 2021

We have previously observed that life‐time dietary intake of genistein (GEN) prevents development of tamoxifen (TAM) resistance in rat mammary tumor. This study investigated the mechanisms explaining this effect.Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were supplemented with 0 or 500 ppm GEN before puberty. Mammary carcinogen DMBA was administered at 48 days of age, and four dietary groups were established: lifelong GEN, prepubertal GEN, adult GEN and controls. Rats were then treated with 337 ppm TAM citrate via diet, and those fed GEN lifelong or during adult life were kept on GEN during TAM treatment. GEN was also given again to the rats consuming it at prepuberty and to some control rats. The remaining TAM treated control rats were never fed GEN. Tumors of rats fed GEN during prepuberty or lifelong exhibited reduced resistance to TAM, compared to no GEN controls, whilst adult only GEN intake caused TAM resistance (p<0.001). Mammary cancer recurrence rate was highest in the rats which started consuming GEN during TAM treatment (p<0.001).Chronic activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway has been linked to TAM resistance. We found that the active form of ATF6, ATF6 p50, was higher in normal mammary glands of lifelong GEN fed rats than in the controls (p<0.05). mRNA expression of its target genes, Xbp1 and GRP78, were also higher in the lifelong GEN group (p<0.05). However, the levels of GRP78, IRE1α, ATF4 and Beclin were significantly lower in the tumors of lifelong GEN exposed rats compared with adulthood only GEN fed rats (p<0.05).Thus, lifelong GEN intake may stimulate responsiveness of mammary tumors to TAM by affecting the UPR pathway:members of this pathway were activated in the normal mammary gland and suppressed in the tumors of lifelong GEN consuming rats.
Mammary tumor response to TAM treatment

no GEN control
post‐diagnosis GEN
adult GEN
prepubertal GEN
lifelong GEN

Complete response (%)
54
33
38
56
52

Partial response (%)
8
16
21
21
24

Resistance (%)
38
51
41
23
24

Recurrence (% of complete response)
23
33
7
11
18

Grant Funding Source: Supported by NCI U54CA149147
Major diet sources of gut microbiota metabolites and type 2 diabetes (121.8)
Authors: Li Yanping , Wang Dong , Chiuve Stephanie , Manson JoAnn , Willett Walter , Hu Frank , Qi Lu 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence has implicated gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes (T2D); and recent studies have associated gut microbiota metabolites including choline, betaine and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), with cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other diabetes risk factors. Little is known about the association between the major diet sources of these metabolites and T2D.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the associations of diet sources of gut microbial metabolites, including phosphatidylcholine, other choline‐containing components, and betaine with incident T2D METHODS: We followed 69, 993 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS 1980‐2008), 89, 337 women from NHS II (1991‐2009) and 37,481 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1986‐2008) who were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline.RESULTS: We documented in total 14, 370 incident cases of T2D during 18‐28 years of follow‐up in the three cohorts. Comparing to individuals in the lowest quintile of dietary phosphatidylcholine intakes, the multivariate adjusted relative risk (RR; 95% confident interval (CI)) of T2D associated with the highest quintile of intake was 1.33 (1.20‐1.47) in NHS, 1.34 (1.17‐1.53) in NHS II and 1.18 (1.02‐1.37) in HPFS, resulted in a pooled RR of 1.30 (1.21‐1.39%). Dietary free choline, choline from glycerophocholine, and betaine were all consistently associated with reduced risk of T2D, while choline from sphingomyelin associated with increased risk of T2D, with RRs (95% CI) of 0.84 (0.77‐0.91), 0.88 (0.82‐0.94), 0.88 (0.83‐0.94) and 1.11 (1.00‐1.22), respectively, in the pooled analysis of the three cohorts, comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles of intakes.CONCLUSION: our data provide consistent evidence from the three separate cohorts that diet major sources of gut microbiota metabolites are related to risk of T2D.Grant Funding Source: CA87969, CA176726, and CA167552 from NIH
Short‐term low zinc intake alters DNA damage and zinc transporter expression without changing plasma zinc (122.2)
Authors: Burke Sarah , Shenvi Swapna , Killilea David , Holland Tai , Sutherland Barbara , Kim Elijah , Shigenaga Mark , King Janet 
Published: June 2021

Zinc deficiency continues to be a major concern of international nutrition, yet there are still few sensitive and reliable biomarkers for identifying moderate zinc deficiency or monitoring changes in zinc status. Plasma zinc content is used most frequently, but it is influenced by conditions other than zinc intake and, therefore, is not reliable except when zinc intake is very low. In this study, the sensitivity of leukocytic zinc transporter gene expression and genomic integrity were evaluated in a moderate depletion/repletion study. Eighteen healthy men were provided a low zinc (6 mg/day) diet with added phytate for two weeks followed by an adequate zinc (10 mg/day) diet for four weeks. They then consumed an ad libitum diet while taking a 25mg zinc supplement for three weeks. Leukocyte DNA damage increased (p<0.0001) during the depletion phase, as detected by the Comet Assay. ZIP1, ZIP4, and ZnT1 zinc transporter gene expression was evaluated in isolated leukocytes and measured using qPCR. ZnT1 gene expression increased (p=0.02) during the depletion phase, although total plasma and leukocyte zinc levels did not change. These results suggest that a short‐term, low zinc intake alters genomic integrity and zinc transporter expression, but not plasma zinc. These potential biomarkers may be useful to evaluate zinc deficiency and the effectiveness of zinc interventions in conditions where plasma zinc remains unchanged.Grant Funding Source: This study was funded by a grant from HarvestPlus.
Low dietary zinc promotes cell stress following blast injury (122.5)
Authors: Scrimgeour Angus , Carrigan Christopher , Urso Maria , van Helden Herman , Joosen Marloes 
Published: June 2021

Increased metallothionein (MT) and extracellular matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity has been documented in skeletal muscle following ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). MTs bind zinc (Zn) and MMPs, possibly affecting activation of the Zn‐dependent mTOR pathway and MMP‐dependent tissue remodeling post‐injury. Because dietary Zn can reduce I/R, we evaluated the effects of 5‐weeks of low‐ and adequate Zn diets on MMP and TIMP expression in muscle following exposure to blast. Thirty‐two anesthetized Wistar rats were exposed to explosive blast (18g Semtex; 120kPa incident pressure); 32 rats served as Controls. Soleus muscle was harvested at 48h and 14d post‐blast. qRT‐PCR was used to quantify mRNA. All blast‐exposed rats exhibited transient bradycardia and bradypnea post‐injury. Loss‐of‐consciousness averaged 200 sec. At 48h post‐injury, there was a blast‐induced (P<0.05), and Zn‐responsive (P<0.05) upregulation of MT‐MMP (4.3‐fold), MMP‐2 (3.0‐fold), TIMP‐1 (5.6‐fold) and TIMP‐2 (3.4‐fold). MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 were inhibited by the blast, and were not responsive to Zn‐supplementation. No differences were observed 14d post‐blast. Our results suggest that exposure to blast activates MMPs acutely in skeletal muscle, and this response is attenuated by 14d. Low Zn diets interfere with the MMP/TIMP response in muscle, suggesting that Zn‐supplementation ameliorates blast‐induced cell stress.Grant Funding Source: Supported by US Army MRMC, US Air Force MSA
Adaptation of iron bioavailability with high phytate diet consumption (122.6)
Authors: Armah Seth , Reddy Manju 
Published: June 2021

Phytate is one of the inhibitors of nonheme iron absorption which is of particular concern in developing countries. In this study, we investigated whether individuals adapt to the inhibitory effect of phytate on iron bioavailability. Female subjects with Ferritin < 30µg/L (n=28) were randomized into two groups of 14 after matching for ferritin. Each group consumed either high or low phytate foods that were provided for 8 weeks. Iron bioavailability from a high phytate test meal was measured using area under the curve (AUC) for serum iron at baseline and after the intervention. During the 8 week period, phytate intake increased significantly (p<0.01) in the high phytate (HP) group and decreased significantly (p<0.001) in the low phytate (LP) group. No significant changes were observed in ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations in both groups. AUC increased significantly (p<0.05) in the HP group (640 to 905 µmol/L) but the decrease (337 to 267 µmol/L) in the LP group was not significant. We found a strong positive correlation between phytate intake and AUC (r=0.68, p<0.0001) and a negative correlation between hepcidin and AUC at post intervention (r= ‐0.48; p=0.011). Our data suggests that iron bioavailability from high phytate meal may improve in individuals who consume a habitual high phytate diet. Further studies on how long term dietary changes affect the regulation of iron absorption are needed.Grant Funding Source: IFPRI/HarvestPlus