bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Hispanic Mortality Advantage Vary by Marital Status Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women’s Health Initiative?
Authors: Flores Melissa , Ruiz John M , Butler Emily A , Sbarra David A , Garcia David O , Kohler Lindsay , Crane Tracy E , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Benavente Viola , Kroenke Candyce H , Saquib Nazmus , Thomson Cynthia A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature assessing the effect of marital status on mortality has underrepresented, or altogether omitted Hispanics and the potential moderating effect of Hispanic ethnicity on these relationships. Given cultural and network dynamics, marital advantages in older Hispanic women may be greater than other groups given their family-focused, collectivist orientation.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to understand whether older Hispanic women exhibited a more pronounced marital advantage as compared with non-Hispanic Whites.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) Observational Study and Clinical Trials (N = 161,808) collected initially from 1993 to 1998 and followed until 2018. Our sample excluded those respondents indicating “other” as their race-ethnicity and those missing marital status and race-ethnicity variables (N = 158,814). We used Cox-proportional hazards models to assess the association between race-ethnicity, marital status, and the interactive effect of race-ethnicity and marital status on survival.ResultsAfter controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) and health controls, we found a Hispanic survival advantage when compared with non-Hispanic Whites and all other racial-ethnic groups with the exception of Asian/Pacific Islander women (all significant HRs &lt; 0.78, all ps ≤ 0.001). Hispanics had a higher rate of divorce when compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The interactive effect of race-ethnicity and marital status was not significant.ConclusionsU.S. Hispanic, postmenopausal women exhibit a mortality advantage over and above marital status despite their high rates of divorce. Implications and potential explanations are discussed.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT00000611.
Follow-up services for delirium after COVID-19—where now?
Authors: Rahman Shibley , Byatt Kit 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Delirium is a common presentation in older inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and a risk factor for cognitive decline at discharge. The glaring gaps in the service provision in delirium care, regardless of aetiology, after a hospital admission pre-existed the pandemic, but the pandemic arguably offers an opportunity now to address them. Whilst a delirium episode in itself is not a long-term condition, the context of it may well be, and therefore patients might benefit from personalised care and support planning. There is no reason to believe that the delirium following COVID-19 is fundamentally different from any other delirium. We propose that the needs of older patients who have experienced delirium including from COVID-19 could be addressed through a new model of post-acute delirium care that combines early supported discharge, including discharge-to-assess, with community-based follow-up to assess for persistent delirium and early new long-term cognitive impairment. Such a drive could be structurally integrated with existing memory clinic services. To succeed, such an ambition has to be flexible, adaptable and person-centred. To understand the impact on resource and service utilisation, techniques of quality improvement should be implemented, and appropriate metrics reflecting both process and outcome will be essential to underpin robust and sustainable business cases to support implementation of delirium care as a long-term solution.
Exercise Intervention to Normalize Blood Pressure and Nocturnal Dipping in HyperTensive Patients (END-HT): Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lee Eric Kam-Pui , Zhang Daisy Dexing , Yip Benjamin Hon-Kei , Cheng James , Hui Stanley Sai-Chuen , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Leung Maria , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Mihailidou Anastasia Susie , Wong Samuel Yeung-Shan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDLack of decrease (≤10%) in systolic blood pressure (BP) during sleep, referred to as non-dipping (ND), independently predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. There has been no prospective and adequately powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine whether exercise, when compared with standard treatment, can normalize ND in patients with hypertension (HT). Further, most patients do not sustain an exercise program by 12 months.METHODSA 2-arm, assessor-blinded RCT, involving 198 hypertensive Chinese patients who have ND will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined exercise (aerobic exercise and resistance training) program to normalize ND. The combined exercise program, “exercise is medicine” (EIM), was developed to maintain exercise habit using a variety of techniques (e.g. 12-week exercise classes, mobile application, wrist trackers, self-scheduling, monitoring, regular feedback, and motivational interviewing). Eligible patients will be randomized to EIM plus usual care or to usual care in 1:1 ratio by stratified randomization according to age and sex. The randomization sequence is blinded to the investigators and allocation is disclosed only after valid consent. Ambulatory BP measurements will be performed at baseline, 3, and 12 months. The primary outcome is proportion of participants with ND at 3 months; secondary outcomes include proportion of participants with ND at 12 months, absolute BP values at 3 and 12 months. Exercise level will be detected by validated questionnaire and compared between 2 arms at 3 and 12 months.CONCLUSIONThe trial will examine the efficacy of treating ND and HT by an exercise program.
Adversarial generation of gene expression data
Authors: Viñas Ramon , Andrés-Terré Helena , Liò Pietro , Bryson Kevin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Motivation
High-throughput gene expression can be used to address a wide range of fundamental biological problems, but datasets of an appropriate size are often unavailable. Moreover, existing transcriptomics simulators have been criticized because they fail to emulate key properties of gene expression data. In this article, we develop a method based on a conditional generative adversarial network to generate realistic transcriptomics data for Escherichia coli and humans. We assess the performance of our approach across several tissues and cancer-types.

Results
We show that our model preserves several gene expression properties significantly better than widely used simulators, such as SynTReN or GeneNetWeaver. The synthetic data preserve tissue- and cancer-specific properties of transcriptomics data. Moreover, it exhibits real gene clusters and ontologies both at local and global scales, suggesting that the model learns to approximate the gene expression manifold in a biologically meaningful way.

Availability and implementation
Code is available at: https://github.com/rvinas/adversarial-gene-expression.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The role of social costs as a mechanism enforcing the honesty of ultraviolet-reflecting signals in a lizard
Authors: Kawamoto Anna , Le Galliard Jean-François , Badiane Arnaud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to animal signalling theory, social costs incurred by aggressive conspecifics are one mechanism maintaining signal honesty. Although our understanding of signal evolution has much improved for pigment-based colours, the mechanisms maintaining the honesty of structural colour signals, such as ultraviolet (UV), remain elusive. Here, we used the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) to test whether the honesty of UV-reflecting signals displayed on male throats is under social control. To do so, we staged agonistic interactions between non-manipulated focal males and opponents of either larger or smaller body size. We manipulated the UV component of the male throat colour patch to create small cheaters with UV-enhanced throats, large cheaters with UV-reduced throats, and their respective controls. In support of a conventional signal hypothesis, focal males were aggressive towards large cheaters and became submissive when these large cheaters retaliated, and were less submissive against small cheaters. However, that focal males were not more aggressive towards small cheaters contradicts our initial predictions. We confirm that male UV reflectance and bite force were good predictors of contest outcomes in control conditions. Overall, we provide partial evidence suggesting that social costs enforce UV signal honesty in common lizards.
Dimension constraints improve hypothesis testing for large-scale, graph-associated, brain-image data
Authors: Vo Tien , Mishra Akshay , Ithapu Vamsi , Singh Vikas , Newton Michael A 
Published: January 2021

SummaryFor large-scale testing with graph-associated data, we present an empirical Bayes mixture technique to score local false-discovery rates (FDRs). Compared to procedures that ignore the graph, the proposed Graph-based Mixture Model (GraphMM) method gains power in settings where non-null cases form connected subgraphs, and it does so by regularizing parameter contrasts between testing units. Simulations show that GraphMM controls the FDR in a variety of settings, though it may lose control with excessive regularization. On magnetic resonance imaging data from a study of brain changes associated with the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, GraphMM produces greater yield than conventional large-scale testing procedures.
Surgical data recording in the operating room: a systematic review of modalities and metrics
Authors: Levin M , McKechnie T , Kruse C C , Aldrich K , Grantcharov T P , Langerman A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Operating room recording, via video, audio and sensor-based recordings, is increasingly common. Yet, surgical data science is a new field without clear guidelines. The purpose of this study is to examine existing published studies of surgical recording modalities to determine which are available for use in the operating room, as a first step towards developing unified standards for this field.

Methods
Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PubMed databases were systematically searched for articles describing modalities of data collection in the operating room. Search terms included ‘video-audio media’, ‘bio-sensing techniques’, ‘sound’, ‘movement’, ‘operating rooms’ and others. Title, abstract and full-text screening were completed to identify relevant articles. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for included studies.

Results
From 3756 citations, 91 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies described 10 unique data-collection modalities for 17 different purposes in the operating room. Data modalities included video, audio, kinematic and eye-tracking among others. Data-collection purposes described included surgical trainee assessment, surgical error, surgical team communication and operating room efficiency.

Conclusion
Effective data collection and utilization in the operating room are imperative for the provision of superior surgical care. The future operating room landscape undoubtedly includes multiple modalities of data collection for a plethora of purposes. This review acts as a foundation for employing operating room data in a way that leads to meaningful benefit for patient care.
Reflecting on Mistakes in Practice among Social Workers in China
Authors: Lu Wei , Chen Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReflection is widely practiced in human service professions, but little research has examined whether reflection actually translates into action and, if so, how. This article explores the possibilities and limits of reflective practice by drawing on data collected through reflective interviews with fifteen Chinese social workers on mistakes in practice. The findings demonstrate that social workers in China are aware of being reflective, even critically reflective, by pondering mistakes and failures they have encountered. Their reflections, however, do not extend to future action plans. Rather, they prefer to rely on manual-based knowledge providing explicit guidance, reflecting their developing reflective capacity and low professional identity. The article argues that social workers’ reflective awareness needs to be built up, while fully recognising the limits of reflection. To address mistakes, not only do we need to create opportunities for practitioners to reflect, but also to address the risk-management strategies of social work organisations and the independent roles that should be performed by professional social work associations in Mainland China.
Financial Challenges and Capacity among African Refugees in the Southern USA: A Study of Socio-demographic Differences
Authors: Kim Youn Kyoung , Maleku Arati , Lim Younghee , Kagotho Njeri , Scott Jennifer , Ketchum McKenzie M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRefugees’ successful integration into US society requires adaptation to economic, financial and social norms. Despite the importance of considering financial challenges (financial stress and financial anxiety) and financial capacity (financial literacy and financial self-efficacy) in reaching personal financial goals, literature examining the relationship between financial challenges and capacity—critical in refugee resettlement and integration—is sparse and fragmented. This study explored financial challenges and capacity amongst resettled African refugees (N = 130) in the southern USA using data from a larger community-based participatory research study that used a mixed-methods approach. We explored socio-demographic differences in financial stress, financial anxiety, financial literacy and financial self-efficacy across African refugee subpopulation groups. Our study highlights the importance of social work advocacy for data disaggregation, which helps establish the scope of the problem, unmask subpopulation differences and make vulnerable groups more visible to facilitate the development of tailored programmes and services to reach economic integration goals. We provide social work implications for data disaggregation in the current coronavirus context, which will leave long-term financial scars on refugee subpopulations.
Long-read targeted sequencing uncovers clinicopathological associations forC9orf72-linked diseases
Authors: DeJesus-Hernandez Mariely , Aleff Ross A , Jackson Jazmyne L , Finch NiCole A , Baker Matthew C , Gendron Tania F , Murray Melissa E , McLaughlin Ian J , Harting John R , Graff-Radford Neill R , Oskarsson Björn , Knopman David S , Josephs Keith A , Boeve Bradley F , Petersen Ronald C , Fryer John D , Petrucelli Leonard , Dickson Dennis W , Rademakers Rosa , Ebbert Mark T W , Wieben Eric D , van Blitterswijk Marka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo examine the length of a hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72, which represents the most frequent genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and motor neuron disease, we employed a targeted amplification-free long-read sequencing technology: No-Amp sequencing. In our cross-sectional study, we assessed cerebellar tissue from 28 well-characterized C9orf72 expansion carriers. We obtained 3507 on-target circular consensus sequencing reads, of which 814 bridged the C9orf72 repeat expansion (23%). Importantly, we observed a significant correlation between expansion sizes obtained using No-Amp sequencing and Southern blotting (P = 5.0 × 10−4). Interestingly, we also detected a significant survival advantage for individuals with smaller expansions (P = 0.004). Additionally, we uncovered that smaller expansions were significantly associated with higher levels of C9orf72 transcripts containing intron 1b (P = 0.003), poly(GP) proteins (P = 1.3 × 10− 5), and poly(GA) proteins (P = 0.005). Thorough examination of the composition of the expansion revealed that its GC content was extremely high (median: 100%) and that it was mainly composed of GGGGCC repeats (median: 96%), suggesting that expanded C9orf72 repeats are quite pure. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that No-Amp sequencing is a powerful tool that enables the discovery of relevant clinicopathological associations, highlighting the important role played by the cerebellar size of the expanded repeat in C9orf72-linked diseases.
Contribution of Ionotropic Glutamatergic Receptors to Excitability and Attentional Signals in Macaque Frontal Eye Field
Authors: Dasilva Miguel , Brandt Christian , Alwin Gieselmann Marc , Distler Claudia , Thiele Alexander 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Top-down attention, controlled by frontal cortical areas, is a key component of cognitive operations. How different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators flexibly change the cellular and network interactions with attention demands remains poorly understood. While acetylcholine and dopamine are critically involved, glutamatergic receptors have been proposed to play important roles. To understand their contribution to attentional signals, we investigated how ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in the frontal eye field (FEF) of male macaques contribute to neuronal excitability and attentional control signals in different cell types. Broad-spiking and narrow-spiking cells both required N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor activation for normal excitability, thereby affecting ongoing or stimulus-driven activity. However, attentional control signals were not dependent on either glutamatergic receptor type in broad- or narrow-spiking cells. A further subdivision of cell types into different functional types using cluster-analysis based on spike waveforms and spiking characteristics did not change the conclusions. This can be explained by a model where local blockade of specific ionotropic receptors is compensated by cell embedding in large-scale networks. It sets the glutamatergic system apart from the cholinergic system in FEF and demonstrates that a reduction in excitability is not sufficient to induce a reduction in attentional control signals.
Eculizumab discontinuation in atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: TMA recurrence risk and renal outcomes
Authors: Ariceta Gema , Fakhouri Fadi , Sartz Lisa , Miller Benjamin , Nikolaou Vasilis , Cohen David , Siedlecki Andrew M , Ardissino Gianluigi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Eculizumab modifies the course of disease in patients with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS), but data evaluating whether eculizumab discontinuation is safe are limited.

Methods
Patients enrolled in the Global aHUS Registry who received ≥1 month of eculizumab before discontinuing, demonstrated haematologic or renal response prior to discontinuation and had ≥6 months of follow-up were analysed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients suffering from thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) recurrence after eculizumab discontinuation. Additional endpoints included: estimated glomerular filtration rate changes following eculizumab discontinuation to last available follow-up; number of TMA recurrences; time to TMA recurrence; proportion of patients restarting eculizumab; and changes in renal function.

Results
We analysed 151 patients with clinically diagnosed aHUS who had evidence of haematologic or renal response to eculizumab, before discontinuing. Thirty-three (22%) experienced a TMA recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with an increased risk of TMA recurrence after discontinuing eculizumab were those with a history of extrarenal manifestations prior to initiating eculizumab, pathogenic variants or a family history of aHUS. Multivariate analysis showed an increased risk of TMA recurrence in patients with pathogenic variants and a family history of aHUS. Twelve (8%) patients progressed to end-stage renal disease after eculizumab discontinuation; seven (5%) patients eventually received a kidney transplant. Forty (27%) patients experienced an extrarenal manifestation of aHUS after eculizumab discontinuation.

Conclusions
Eculizumab discontinuation in patients with aHUS is not without risk, potentially leading to TMA recurrence and renal failure. A thorough assessment of risk factors prior to the decision to discontinue eculizumab is essential.
Cardiac troponin and defining myocardial infarction
Authors: Kaier Thomas E , Alaour Bashir , Marber Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction has stimulated considerable debate since its publication in 2018. The intention was to define the types of myocardial injury through the lens of their underpinning pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss how the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction defines infarction and injury and the necessary pragmatic adjustments that appear in clinical guidelines to maximize triage of real-world patients.
A Review of the Conversational Pragmatic Skills of Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Crowe Kathryn , Dammeyer Jesper 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany children who use cochlear implants (CI) have strong skills in many aspects of spoken language; however, limited information is available about their mastery of the pragmatic skills required to participate in conversation. This study reviewed published literature describing the pragmatic skills of children who use CIs in conversational contexts. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were extracted describing participant characteristics, methodology, data type, outcomes, and factors associated with outcomes. Pragmatic skills were described in three broad categories: speech acts, turns, and breakdowns and repairs. Participants showed heterogeneity in age, age at implantation, duration of implant use, and languages used. Studies employed a variety of methodologies, used a range of different sample types and coding strategies, and considered different factors associated that might be associated with children’s pragmatic skills. Across studies, children with CIs were reported to have a range of pragmatic skills in conversational contexts, from few to severe difficulties. The body of literature on this topic is small and considered heterogeneous children with CIs with a wide range of skills. Further research is needed to understand the pragmatics language skills of children with CIs and the factors influencing the diversity in skills observed.