bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children
Authors: Luo Shan , Angelo Brendan C. , Chow Ting , Monterosso John R. , Thompson Paul M. , Xiang Anny H. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE
Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal obesity in utero have an increased propensity to develop obesity. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We aimed to examine relationships between exposure to GDM or maternal obesity and daily energy intake (EI), brain responses to food cues within reward regions, and adiposity in children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were 159 children ages 7–11 years. Repeated 24-h recalls were conducted to assess mean daily EI. A subset of children (n = 102) completed a food cue task in the MRI scanner. A priori regions of interest included the orbital frontal cortex (OFC), insula, amygdala, ventral striatum, and dorsal striatum. Adiposity measurements, BMI z-scores, percent body fat, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed.

RESULTS
Exposure to GDM was associated with greater daily EI, and children exposed to GDM diagnosed before 26 weeks gestation had greater OFC food cue reactivity. Children exposed to GDM also had larger WHR. Results remained significant after adjusting for child’s age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal prepregnancy BMI, and child’s physical activity levels. Furthermore, children who consumed more daily calories had greater WHR, and the relationship between GDM exposure and WHR was attenuated after adjustment for daily EI. Prepregnancy BMI was not significantly related to daily EI or food cue reactivity in reward regions. However, prepregnancy BMI was significantly related to all adiposity measurements; results remained significant for BMI z-scores, WtHR, and WHR after controlling for child’s age and sex, maternal education and race/ethnicity, maternal GDM exposure, and child’s physical activity levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to GDM in utero, in particular before 26 weeks gestation, is associated with increased EI, enhanced OFC food cue reactivity, and increased WHR. Future study with longitudinal follow-up is merited to assess potential pathways of daily EI and food cue reactivity in reward regions on the associations between GDM exposure and childhood adiposity.
Absenteísmo por motivo de doença em profissionais da saúde em um hospital público: uma revisão
Authors: Viana Andressa Cristine Buranhaem , Martins Islane Cristina 
Published: April 2021

RESUMOIntrodução: Conhecer o perfil de morbidade e os aspectos que levam ao absenteísmo é de extrema relevância, pois permite o planejamento de ações para promover ambientes saudáveis, previne doenças e auxilia na identificação e tratamento oportunos. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura a fim de compreender o perfil do absenteísmo em diversos profissionais da área da saúde em um hospital público. Materiais e métodos: Foi feita, em junho de 2020, uma busca de referência com os descritores ‘’Absenteísmo-doença” AND ‘’Pessoal de Saúde” nas bases de dados Periódicos CAPES, Google Acadêmico e PUBMED. Pelos critérios de elegibilidade, 08 estudos se adequaram aos parâmetros estipulados. Resultados: O perfil, identificado pelos estudos, com maior índice de absenteísmo foi: pessoas do sexo feminino, entre 40 e 50 anos, com nível médio de escolaridade e tempo médio de trabalho na instituição entre 3 e 6 anos. Além disso, as doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do sistema conjuntivo e os transtornos mentais e comportamentais foram os principais responsáveis pelos afastamentos. Conclusão: O absenteísmo pode ser entendido como um fenômeno multifatorial. No entanto, após o estudo, identifica-se a existência de um perfil de acometidos e de tipos de doenças com maior influência no absenteísmo dos hospitais públicos. Uma das limitações verificadas no estudo é a concentração de pesquisas em categorias profissionais específicas, em detrimentos das demais categorias.Palavras-chave: Absenteísmo-doença, Pessoal de saúde, Hospital Público. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Knowing the morbidity profile and the aspects that provokes the absenteeism is extremely relevant, as it allows the planning of actions to promote healthy environments, prevent diseases and help in the identification and timely treatment. Objective: Carrying out an integrative literature review in order to understand the profile of absenteeism in various health professionals in a public hospital. Materials and methods: It was made a reference search in June 2020, with the descriptors “Absenteeism-disease” AND “Health Personnel” in the CAPES, Google Scholar and PUBMED periodical databases. By the eligibility criteria, 08 studies were adapted to the stipulated parameters. Results: The profile identified by the studies with the highest rate of absenteeism was female people, between 40 and 50 years old, with high school level of education and average time working at the institution between 3 and 6 years. In addition, diseases of the musculoskeletal and connective systems and mental and behavioral disorders were primarily responsible for the leave. Conclusion: Absenteeism can be viewed as a multifactorial phenomenon. Nevertheless, after the study, the existence of a profile of people affected and types of diseases with greater influence on absenteeism in public hospitals is identified.Keywords: Absenteeism-disease, Health personnel, Public Hospital.
Material Excess and Deadly Dwelling in E.L. Doctorow’s Homer and Langley
Authors: Schwab Anamaria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Homer and Langley, E.L. Doctorow’s 2009 novel of New York City, the author focuses on past Manhattan, which he sees as the epitome of his own self-destructive modern and contemporary society. I would argue that Doctorow acts here mainly to denounce excessive material culture in the context of egotistic, upper-class Manhattan dwelling at the end of the nineteenth century. I would also like to show that the novelist criticizes the idea of material progress along more than a hundred years, from the end of the nineteenth century, when the plot starts, to the beginning of the twenty-first century, when the novel was written. The self-contained, isolated world in the novel is the result of our society’s propensity for excessive production and consumption. At the same time, Homer and Langley brings to mind ideas of exhaustion of the human, who agrees to be literally replaced by objects. The fact that such a phenomenon occurs already at the end of the nineteenth century suggests that there might have never been a plenary moment of being human, as we have long entertained the closest possible relationship and even synthesis with the non-human world of objects and tools.
Welcome to the Desert of the Anthropocene: Dystopian Cityscapes in (Post)Apocalyptic Science Fiction
Authors: Tüzün Hatice Övgü 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (1968) and Jeanette Winterson’s The Stone Gods (2007) manifest an environmentalist awareness of the increasingly destructive power of human technologies while challenging the prevalent models we employ to think about the planet as well as its human and non-human inhabitants. Both novels probe what it means to be human in a universe plagued by entropy in the era of the Anthropocene. For the purposes of this essay, I will concentrate particularly on Dick’s and Winterson’s portrayals of the dystopian city as a site of interconnections and transformations against a backdrop of encroaching entropy and impending doom. Drawing on the work of several (critical) posthumanists who are primarily interested in dissolving oppositions such as between nature/culture, biology/technology, I show how the displacement of the centrality of human agency due to the intrusive nature of advanced technology is happening in the broader context of the Anthropocene. I also argue that the dystopian cityscapes envisioned in both novels become places that allow for the possibility of new forms of subjectivity to emerge.
Transgression and Empowerment in Sarah Hall’s Short Fiction
Authors: Fernandes Ana Raquel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay delivers an analysis of the innovative short fiction of contemporary British writer Sarah Hall. It gives particular consideration to the first two collections of short stories published by the author, The Beautiful Indifference (2011) and Madame Zero (2017), as well as looking into the possibilities offered by her latest collection, Sudden Traveler (2019). Hall focuses attention on such varied contemporary preoccupations as identity, gender, violence and death. My goal is to discuss the way that identities are subverted or transgressed in her short stories and how the topic of identity representation intersects with other themes becoming a fundamental and empowering factor in the narrative structure. Hall’s short story collections present an interesting case study, not only because they display the writer’s quest for a unity of subject-matter, but also because they evince the strength and vitality of the short story as a genre.
Antibacterial Activity of Spruce Bark (Picea abies L.) Extract against Escherichia coli
Authors: Tanase Corneliu , Boz Irina , Oroian Silvia , Coşarcă Sanda , Toma Felicia , Mare Anca , Man Adrian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria in lasts years resulted in limited options for treatment of bacterial diseases. Escherichia coli is one of the most common Gram-negative bacterial pathogen and a cause of both community and hospital acquired infections. Medicinal plants are alternative rich sources of useful antibacterial agents. The antimicrobial activities of the spruce (Picea abies L.) bark polyphenolic extracts were examined for their capacity to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli. Spruce bark extract was obtained by conventional aqueous extraction and with ultrasounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by microdilution method. The antibacterial effect of both extracts was strong against Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial effect of polyphenolic extracts on Escherichia coli was expressed at a concentration of 15 mg/ml. Antimicrobial activity of spruce bark compounds suggest a possible use of spruce bark in pharmaceutical preparations.
Toxicity Assessment of Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott, Fam. Nephrolepidaceae
Authors: Popovici Patriciu Constantin , Ancuceanu Viorel Robert , Olaru Tudorel Octavian , Stoicescu Cristina-Silvia , Dinu Mihaela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The fern Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott, fam. Nephrolepidaceae, has little traditional medicinal use. In order to estimate its potential safety, in the present study we have investigated the phytotoxicity (on Triticum aestivum L.) and toxicity on brine shrimp of extracts from plants grown hydroponically. The species identity was confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic examinations on rhizomes, rachises, pinnae and runners, using bright field and fluorescent microscopy. Biological assays were performed on aqueous and ethanol solutions of the fronds. The brine shrimp lethality assay was performed on Artemia franciscana Kellog and a phytobiological bioassay on Triticum aestivum L. Lethality, root elongation and karyokinetic film modifications were evaluated, and LC50 and IC50 values were calculated. The microscopic analysis revealed the main histo-anatomic elements: polystelic structure and hypodermis (rhizome, rachis, runners), trichomes (rachis), homogenous structure, trichomes and diacytic/anisocytic stomata (leaves). The ethanol and aqueous extracts showed low cytotoxic effects on both Triticum aestivum roots and Artemia franciscana nauplii.
Changing Pattern of Heavy Metals Accumulation in and around in Ship breaking Area Over the 40 years and Its Impact on Fish Diversity in Adjacent Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Prabal , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Barua Maitri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coastal area of Bangladesh is one of the significant ecologically productive areas and full of rich biodiversity that includes variety of species that are endemic to this region. The Shipbreaking activity has turned out to be more significant within the economic situation of the poverty-stricken Bangladesh. The study vicinity was alienated into the Shipbreaking zone and control site for proportional investigation. The study was administered to assess the changing pattern of the concentration of trace metals in soil Soil samples of the study areas and its impact on fish diversity of the ship breaking area in Bangladesh over the 40 years. From the finding of the study, it had been found that the concentration of the heavy metals found within the ship breaking area followed a pattern within the following fashion Fe>Pb>Cr>Mn>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cd>Hg. The finding of this heavy metal analysis of sediments demonstrated that there has been in an increment of two to eight times of selected heavy metals from the finding of 1980 to 2019. The study compared with the two relatively pristine or less impacted (undisturbed) areas, that served because of the reference zone. These studies also found that about 30 species of fishes became irregular or are threatened with extinction than they were 40 years ago.
Identification of corrosion products on iron artefact from Bratislava castle
Authors: Košťúr Roman , Zemanová Matilda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Corrosion layers of an iron artefact were characterized to study long-term exposition of iron in Slovakia. The iron artefact from Bratislava castle has been coated with a strong layer of corrosion products and masonry residues. Corrosion products were characterized by different methods including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and µ-Raman Spectroscopy. Magnetite and goethite on the surface are confirmed typical corrosion products from long-term atmospheric exposure in environment with corrosivity category C-2 (low).
Effect of ambient parameters change on mint leaves solar drying
Authors: Noori Abdul Wasim , Royen Mohammad Jafar , Haydary Juma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of ambient conditions change on mint leaves solar drying performance and product water activity. Two drying methods, active indirect solar drying (AISD) and open sun drying (OSD) were compared while the experiments were carried out at specific dry climate conditions. During the experimental days, temperature varied from 20 to 30 °C, air relative humidity from 14 to 28.8 % and ambient pressure was around 82 kPa. The effect of air relative humidity change during the day on the rehydration of the product during the drying process was observed. After 7 h of drying, moisture content of mint leaves decreased from 85.29 % to 5.38 % in the AISD and 7.42 % in the OSD system. The 0.97 initial water activity decreased to 0.195 in AISD and 0.79 in OSD. Rehydration during the evening hours caused an increase in product water activity from 0.2 to 0.51. Changes of ambient conditions such as temperature and air relative humidity during the day can significantly affect water activity of dried product due to its rehydration and thus increase the risk of product spoilage.
Are there cities and fairs in the neolithic? Part I – from PPN to late Neolithic (Part II is refering to Copper Age)
Authors: Lazarovici Gheorghe , Lazarovici Cornelia-Magda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study we have resumed the problem of Neolithic settlements with a complex architecture (defense systems with ditches, palisades, towers, bastions; residential buildings; cult constructions; social constructions) which support the idea of a proto-urban organization since the PPN. We have analyzed current definitions of cities and fairs, which mainly reflect situations from classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, but they cannot be applied to prehistoric realities, which, according to interdisciplinary research, offer another perspective. We also believe that religion too has played an important part in these sites, some of them being real centers of worship.
Preparation and evaluation of an oral mucoadhesive gel containing nystatin-loaded alginate microparticles
Authors: Mohammadi Samani S. , Karimaddini S. , Sobhani Z. , Ahmadi F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nystatin is an antifungal agent used for prophylaxis and treatment of candidiasis, especially oral mycosis. Efficacy of nystatin conventional dosage forms is limited by the short residence time and bitter taste of the drug. This research aims at designing an optimized formulation of oral mucoadhesive gel of nystatin-loaded alginate microparticles, which can be retained in the mouth. Sodium alginate solution containing nystatin was added to the solution of calcium chloride under stirring. Microparticles containing nystatin were incorporated into the Carbopol gel. Size, loading, and release profile and mucoadhesion were investigated. The most suitable microparticles with particle size of < 250 μm were prepared with alginate concentration of 1%(w/v), calcium chloride of 1%(w/v), drug:polymer concentration 1%, and ratio of alginate solution:calcium chloride of 1:10. This formulation showed 49.1% drug loading and 98.2% encapsulation efficiency. Carbopol 934 gel provided optimal mucoadhesive properties. Release profile proved a burst release, which can be attributed to the surface associated drug, followed by a slower sustained release phase for all microparticles. The developed system with ability to adhere to the oral mucosa has great appeal for treatment of localized infections and can mask bitter taste of the drug and be retained in the mouth for long periods.
Study of the Qualitative Composition and Quantitative Content of Parthenolide in the Feverfew (Tanacetum Parthenium) Herb Cultivated in Ukraine
Authors: Hordiei K. R. , Gontova T. N. , Gubar S. N. , Yaremenko M. S. , Kotova E. E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Feverfew is a well-known medicinal plant as a source of the sesquiterpene lactones, the main one is a parthenolide (about 85%). Owing to the parthenolide, feverfew herb has anti-inflammatory activity and it is widely used for prevention of migraine. The aim was to study the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the parthenolide in the samples of the feverfew herb cultivated in Ukraine and to study the influence of environmental factors on the accumulation of parthenolide.

Methods
The identification in the samples of the feverfew herb by the thin-layer chromatography method was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates, Merck. For the quantitative determination of the parthenolide, a high-performance liquid chromatography ProStar equipped with a diode-matrix detector, were used.

Results
The chromatographic profile of the samples of the feverfew herb was studied using a TLC method. In the chromatograms of test solutions from all samples, the blue zones were detected at the level of parthenolide. The quantitative content of parthenolide ranged between 0.16% and 0.39%. The highest content was observed in the sample from the Central region of Ukraine. The data obtained indicate that the optimal conditions for parthenolide accumulation in feverfew herb are as follows: black soils, solar insolation not higher than 5.25 kWh/m2/day, average air temperature from +20°C to +25°C. All the calculated validation parameters of the parthenolide quantitative determination method meet the necessary acceptance criteria.

Conclusion
The study of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of parthenolide in the samples of feverfew herb cultivated in different regions of Ukraine has been conducted. According to the methodology of Eur.Ph. and SPhU, a parthenolide was identified in all the samples. HPLC method was used to determine the quantitative content of parthenolide in the samples studied. The optimal conditions for parthenolide accumulation in feverfew herb were established.
Potential Application of Biochar Depends Mainly on Its Profits for Farmers: Case Study in Slovakia
Authors: Šimanský Vladimír , Aydın Elena , Igaz Dušan , Horák Ján 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Current biochar application in the global agronomic practice focuses firstly on economic profits. In this paper, we would like to draw attention to our results and experience from the economic assessment of the agronomic effect of applied biochar through the generated crop yields. The results come from a field experiment (locality Dolná Malanta, Slovakia, silt loam Haplic Luvisol – the most intensively used soil in the Slovak Republic for agricultural purposes), where a biochar experiment was established in 2014. Based on our data, it is evident that both the application of biochar and its application in combination with N-fertilisation in field conditions at current realization prices of commodities in individual years and high input costs are still unprofitable. However, we emphasize that from an economic point of view of the stand ard agronomic practice.
Epidemiology of occupational injuries among insured workers in Saudi Arabia between 2004 and 2016
Authors: Abbas Mohsin , Saeed Rashid , Asam Zaki-ul-Zaman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This is a retrospective analysis of annual reports on occupational injuries issued by the national social insurance agency of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the years 2004 through 2016. For each criterion we calculated an index based on the equation NY/Nref
x100, where NY
is the number of occupational injuries by a specific criterion in a specific year Y, and Nref
is the number of injuries in the corresponding criterion in the reference year, i.e. 2004. We also calculated the number of injuries to number of workers ratio (Ni/Nw
) for different occupations and economic sectors to get a clearer idea of the injury trends per worker. In terms of occupational injury rates (with respect to 2004), we observed increases in construction, financing & real estate (economic sectors), among engineers and technicians (occupations), in infections and secondary contusions (injury type), for upper and lower limbs (affected body parts), over falls and “other” causes. Most injuries occurred on Fridays, which is a weekend day in Saudi Arabia. We also observed increased recovery without disability (injury status). However, if we look at the number of occupational injuries per worker, we can see a decreasing trend over time for all occupations and economic sectors, most likely thanks to improved labour law and safety at work practices for insured workers. Our findings are similar to reports from other Persian Gulf countries and reflect current labour health and safety issues in the area.
Presence of nitrosamine impurities in medicinal products
Authors: Sedlo Ilijana , Kolonić Teo , Tomić Siniša 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In 2018, some sartan medicinal products were reported to be contaminated with nitrosamine compounds, which are potent mutagenic carcinogens. Two nitrosamines received particular attention: N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). These have since been confirmed in different types of medicinal products, including ranitidine and metformin. Consequently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) started an investigation into the cause of contamination and an assessment of the risk to patients taking contaminated medicinal products. The main source of contamination were changes in production, which involves combinations of amines and nitrogen compounds and the use of specific catalysts and reagents. Withdrawals of medicinal products that took place in Croatia did not lead to a shortage of sartan- or metformin-containing medicines. Moreover, ranitidine had been preventively withdrawn all over the EU, including Croatia, creating shortages at the time, but was subsequently replaced with therapeutic alternatives.