bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La construcción teórica del objeto en Trabajo Social: un análisis empírico basado en la formación de segundo ciclo
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez Pablo , Ferreira Jorge Manuel 
Published: February 2021

El objeto de estudio del Trabajo Social ha sido elaborado tradicionalmente desde una matriz de profesión de intervención social, y sólo en la última década del siglo XX se comenzó a construir a través de una matriz basada en investigación. Así, este artículo procura profundizar en la construcción teórica del su objeto de estudio utilizando como metodología un análisis de frecuencia y contingencia de las palabras clave de 132 TFM en Trabajo Social de ISCTE-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa entre 2009 y 2017, sistematizándolas bajo categorías creadas ad hoc. Los resultados muestran que en la actualidad el objeto de estudio del Trabajo Social asume nuevos indicadores tales como la práctica reflexiva, ética y deontología o derechos humanos, aunque existe una continuidad en el estudio de las categorías clásicas (infancia, familia, vejez, etc.). El artículo discute las implicaciones de estos elementos para la construcción del objeto de estudio de Trabajo Social. Social Work’ object of study has traditionally been elaborated from a social intervention profesión matrix, being that only in the last decade of the twentieth century began to be built through a research-based knowledge matrix. Thus, this article seeks to deepen the theoretical construction of the object of study of Social Work using as a methodology a frequency and contingency keywords analysis of 132 Social Work Dissertations of ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon between 2009 and 2017, systematizing them into ad hoc categories that were created. The results show that currently the object of study of Social Work assumes new indicators such as reflective practice, ethics and deontology or human rights, although there is continuity in the study of the classic categories (childhood, family, old age, etc.). The article discusses the implications of these elements for the construction of the Social Work study object.
Evidence of phenotypic plasticity along an altitudinal gradient in the dung beetle Onthophagus proteus
Authors: Stanbrook Roisin A. , Harris W. Edwin , Wheater Charles P. , Jones Martin 
Published: February 2021

Background
High altitude insects are an ecologically specialized group and possess a suite of adaptions which allow persistence in the inhospitable conditions often associated with mountain tops. Changes in body coloration and reductions or increases in body size are thought to be examples of such adaptions. Melanic individuals, or individuals containing high levels of eumelanin, possess several traits which increase resistance to ultraviolet radiation and desiccation, while aiding thermoregulation. Trait variation is often observed in dung beetles and is associated with dimorphism and sexual selection. In this study, we identified trait changes which occur across an altitudinal gradient by measuring morphological color and body size traits in a montane insect.

Methods
Using standard digital photography and Image J, we examined individuals of Afromontane dung beetle Onthophagus proteus. Individuals were classified according to sex and color morph to identify intrasexual variance. Nine morphometric traits were measured per beetle to identify patterns of morphology across discrete 500 m altitude segments.

Results
The results of this study provide one of the first descriptions of trait changes associated with elevation in an African dung beetle. We suggest that color polymorphism in Onthophagus proteus might be at least partly driven by environmental factors as there is significantly increased melanism with increasing elevation and significant differences in color hues between altitude bands. We also suggest changes in horn length are density dependent, as we observed an increase in cephalic horn length at high elevations where O. proteus is the most abundant species.
Pseudothermotoga
Authors: Farrell Anne , Nesbø Camilla L. , Zhaxybayeva Olga , L'Haridon Stéphane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Pseu.do.ther.mo.to'ga. Gr. adj.
pseudo
, false; N.L. fem. n.
Thermotoga,
a bacterial genus; N.L. fem. n.
Pseudothermotoga,
a genus falsely (or incorrectly) classified as
Thermotoga
.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Thermotogales / Thermotogaceae / Pseudothermotoga

The genus
Pseudothermotoga
comprises sheathed, thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative, and hydrogen‐producing bacteria. Thiosulfate is reduced by all the strains of the genus.
Pseudothermotoga
spp. are members of the phylum
Thermotogota
, class
Thermotogae,
order
Thermotogales
, family
Thermotogaceae
. Known habitats are hot springs, oil reservoirs, and thermophilic bioreactors. Genome sizes are in the range 2.01–2.19 Mb, and GC content varies between 38.7 and 51.3%. Based on phylogenomic analyses, two recently described species,
Thermotoga profunda
and
Thermotoga caldifontis,
should be assigned to the recently described genus
Pseudothermotoga
. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization and various genomic measurements, the
Pseudothermotoga lettingae
and
Pseudothermotoga subterranea
species should be reclassified as subspecies of
Pseudothermotoga elfii
. With these proposed reclassifications, the genus
Pseudothermotoga
would consist of five described species:
Pseudothermotoga thermarum, Pseudothermotoga elfii, Pseudothermotoga hypogea, Pseudothermotoga Profunda, and Pseudothermotoga caldifontis
. However, high genomic divergence observed within this genus may require additional taxonomic revisions in the future.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 38.7–51.3.

Type species
:
Pseudothermotoga thermarum
Bhandari and Gupta, 2014, VL158 (Basonym:
Thermotoga thermarum, Windberger et al. 1989
).
Induction of Four‐Dimensional Spatiotemporal Geometric Transformations in High Cell Density Tissues via Shape‐Changing Hydrogels
Authors: Lee Yu Bin , Jeon Oju , Lee Sang Jin , Ding Aixiang , Wells Derrick , Alsberg Eben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeveloping and healing tissues begin as cellular condensations. Spatiotemporal changes in tissue geometry, transformations in the spatial distribution of the cells, and extracellular matrix are essential for its evolution into a functional tissue. 4D materials, 3D materials capable of geometric changes, may have the potential to recreate the aforementioned biological phenomenon. However, most reported 4D materials are non‐degradable and/or not biocompatible, limiting their application in regenerative medicine, and to date, there are no systems controlling the geometry of high density cellular condensations and differentiation. Here, 4D high cell density tissues based on shape‐changing hydrogels are described. By sequential photocrosslinking of oxidized and methacrylated alginate (OMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), bilayered hydrogels presenting controllable geometric changes without any external stimuli are fabricated. Fibroblasts and human adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) are encapsulated at concentrations up to 1.0 × 108 cells mL–1 in the 4D constructs, and controllable shape changes are achieved in concert with ASCs differentiated down chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Bioprinting of the high density cell‐laden OMA and GelMA permits the formation of more complex constructs with defined 4D geometric changes, which may further expand the promise of this approach in regenerative medicine applications.
Robust Nanovaccine Based on Polydopamine‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Effective Photothermal‐Immunotherapy Against Melanoma
Authors: Huang Chenlu , Zhang Li , Guo Qing , Zuo Yueyue , Wang Nannan , Wang Hai , Kong Deling , Zhu Dunwan , Zhang Linhua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanoparticle‐based combination therapy strategy of photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy is an attractive cancer treatment for ablating tumors and eliciting host immune responses. However, this strategy is often hampered by tedious treatment process and limited immune response, and usually needs to be combined with checkpoint blockades to enhance therapeutic effect. Herein, a nanoplatform with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a vector, which integrated photothermal agent polydopamine (PDA), model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), and antigen release promoter ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) in an easy way for melanoma PTT‐immunotherapy is designed. The formulated MSNs‐ABC@PDA‐OVA nanovaccine exhibits excellent photothermal properties and effectively eliminates primary tumors. Under laser irradiation, the MSNs‐ABC@PDA‐OVA nanovaccine realizes rapid antigen release and endosome escape, enhances dendritic cells activation and maturation, facilitates migration to tumor‐draining lymph nodes, and induces robust antitumor immune responses. Impressively, single injection of MSNs‐ABC@PDA‐OVA combines with single round of PTT successfully eradicates melanoma tumors with a cure rate of 75% and generates strong immunological memory to inhibit tumor recurrence and lung metastasis. Hence, the research offers a simple and promising strategy of synergistic PTT‐immunotherapy to effectively treat cancer.
3D Anisotropic Polyethylene as Light‐Responsive Grippers and Surfing Divers
Authors: Pan Xinglong , Grossiord Nadia , Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUntethered soft actuators are usually based on 3D engineered special polymers such as liquid crystal networks or hydrogels that require complex fabrication methods. Here, an easy‐to‐process, anisotropic composite soft actuator based on a simple photothermal dye‐doped polyethylene film is presented. The 3D anisotropic polymer films are prepared by solution‐casting and subsequent thermal solid‐stretching. The resulting soft actuators exhibit large and controllable bending in response to light (UV and/or near‐infrared (NIR)) and are able to act as grippers picking up cargo. Additionally, the films are capable of realizing “diving” and “surfing” locomotion in and over a liquid via the photothermal induced Marangoni effect, yielding a NIR light‐fueled transporter able to pick up cargo. The results open up new possibilities of using commodity polymers in a broad range of applications including untethered soft actuators and robotic devices.
A Nanoformulation‐Mediated Multifunctional Stem Cell Therapy with Improved Beta‐Amyloid Clearance and Neural Regeneration for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Huang Dehua , Cao Yuheng , Yang Xue , Liu Yongyang , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Chen Guangcun , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common dementia that is currently incurable. The existing treatments can only moderately relieve the symptoms of AD to slow down its progress. How to achieve effective neural regeneration to ameliorate cognitive impairments is a major challenge for current AD treatment. Here, the therapeutic potential of a nanoformulation‐mediated neural stem cell (NSC) therapy capable of simultaneous Aβ clearance and neural regeneration is investigated in a murine model. Genetically engineered NSCs capable of stably and continuously expressing neprilysin (NEP) are developed to enhance Aβ degradation and NSC survival in the brain. A PBAE‐PLGA‐Ag2S‐RA‐siSOX9 (PPAR‐siSOX9) nanoformulation with high gene/drug deliverability is synthesized to overcome AD microenvironment‐associated adverse effects and to promote neuronal differentiation of the NEP‐expressing NSCs. For achieving accurate stereotactic transplantation, Ag2S quantum‐dot‐based fluorescence imaging is used to guide NSC transplantation in real time. This strategy shows numerous benefits, including efficient and long‐lasting Aβ degradation, improved neural regeneration, and accurate cell transplantation. It is shown that a single administration of this therapy achieves long‐term efficacy (6 months) with respect to memory reversal and improvement of learning deficits.
Injectable and Biocompatible Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive for Enhanced Reendothelialization of Injured Artery
Authors: Xu Chengyuan , Chen Yang , Si Yi , Yan Yunfeng , Kayitmazer A. Basak , Ding Yong , Qian Weiwei , Zheng Zhiyuan , Cao Song , Xu Yisheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe drug delivery in vascular lesions is still challenging due to blood flow and complex dynamic physiological environment. Therefore, therapeutic bioadhesives are promising materials in replacement of drug eluting stents because of their unique features such as oriented delivering therapeutic agents, biodegradability, and avoidance of second injury. However, the adhesive strength of bioadhesives is seriously deteriorated in the moist environment of vessel surface. Herein, a rapid and simple method to prepare novel mussel‐inspired drug‐loaded bioadhesive through self‐assembly between lysine and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DPA) functionalized poly(acrylic acid) is reported. The abundant DPA moieties endow adhesive strong underwater adhesion, which can reach the highest adhesion strength of 718 kPa. The adhesive shows 2.9‐fold and 14.7‐fold wet adhesion strength, more than that of the commercial cyanoacrylate and fibrin sealant. Such bioadhesive can serve as an efficient delivery vehicle for controlled‐release of drugs paclitaxel (PTX), which is successfully encapsulated in adhesive showing a durable (>200 h) sustained release. The capability on inhibition of neointima and enhancement of reendothelialization of injured artery are further confirmed in vivo. The novel therapeutic adhesive with injectability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility shows promising potential in the application in vessel therapy.
Durable Photoetching Magnetic Biomass‐Based Hydrogel with High Performance
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ma Na , Li Jingyu , Sui Guoxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBenefiting from the economic raw materials and efficient f abrication process, it is easy to directly scale up the hydrogels for biomedical scaffolds, functional materials, and storage systems. However, it remains challenging to construct stable hydrogel combining photoetching technology with low‐cost, room‐temperature, and low‐pressure fabrication. Here, a novel photoetching microcrystalline cellulose (M C C) @ Fe3O4/lignin‐Ca2+ hydrogel with excellent compressive strength (up to 300 kPa) is reported and its elasticity is well maintained under the temperature (−25–100 °C). Interestingly, the magnetic hydrogel exhibits controllable photoetching patterns based on the photothermal effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles under near‐infrared irradiation (808 nm), especially in the different circumstances including enclosed space and underwater condition. In addition, the magnetic hydrogel displays the outstanding fire resistance and UV absorption (100%). The photoetching magnetic cellulose‐based hydrogel has great potential toward environmental‐friendly devices and applications in optics, electronics, sensors, and other miniature devices.
Atomic Layer Deposition for the Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Pastukhova Nadiia , Mavrič Andraž , Li Yanbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) field to understand the photoelectrode behavior, semiconductor‐electrolyte interface, and photocorrosion, enabling new photoelectrode architectures with higher photocurrent, reduced photovoltage losses, and longer lifetime. Nevertheless, for practical PEC applications additional efforts are still needed to optimize all components of the photoelectrodes, including the light absorbing semiconductors, the layers for charge extraction, charge transfer, corrosion protection, and catalysis. In this regard, atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers new opportunities due to the monolayer‐by‐monolayer deposition approach, allowing preparation of conformal films with precisely controlled thickness and composition. As the ALD instruments are becoming widely accessible, this review aims to make an overview of the applications for photoelectrodes fabrication. The deposition of semiconductors onto flat and nano‐textured substrates, the deposition of ultrathin interlayers to ease charge transport by energy band alignment and surface states passivation, the deposition of corrosion protection layers, and finally, the possibilities for high catalyst dispersion is presented.
Complete‐Lifecycle‐Available, Lightweight and Flexible Hierarchical Structured Bi2WO6/WO3/PAN Nanofibrous Membrane for X‐Ray Shielding and Photocatalytic Degradation
Authors: He Dayong , Ma Yuying , Zhao Rui , Qiu Ju , Sun Bolun , Wang Hao , Yang Mei , Jia Xiaoteng , Li Xiang , Li Yongxin , Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Ce 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFaced with the presence of radiation sources in many different areas, researchers are beginning to focus on the development of personal protective equipment. The design and manufacture of lightweight, lead‐free, and flexible X‐ray shielding materials have recently become a challenge in materials science, whereas, high‐Z materials, which are essential raw materials for high‐performance X‐ray protective fillers, are non‐renewable, and their exploitation and utilization usually require long‐term planning. In this study, a new route is demonstrated to the preparation of multifunctional polymer/high‐Z material nanofibrous membrane through electrospinning and subsequent solvothermal processes. The resultant Bi2WO6/WO3/polyacrylonitrile hybrid nanofibrous membrane possesses a remarkable X‐ray attenuating property with an attenuation rate of 90.10% at 30 keV and a mass attenuation coefficient of 2.97 cm2 g−1 at 83 keV. In addition, the freestanding hybrid nanofibrous membrane also possesses excellent photocatalytic activities for the degrading of cationic water pollutants, showing promising potential in industrial wastewater treatment, and providing a new strategy for the design and applications of multifunctional and recyclable shielding materials.
Paper‐Based, Chemiresistive Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Giaretta Jacopo Emilio , Oveissi Farshad , Dehghani Fariba , Naficy Sina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the side product of enzymatic reactions is of great interest in food and medical applications. Despite the advances in this field, the majority of reported H2O2 sensors are bulky, expensive, limited to only one phase detection (either gas or liquid), and require multistep fabrications. This article aims to address some of these limitations by presenting a 3D printable paper‐based sensor made from poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) decorated with horseradish peroxidase, an enzyme able to interact with H2O2. Unlike most electrochemical PEDOT:PSS‐based H2O2 sensors with voltametric or potentiometric mechanisms, the sensing mechanism in this technology is impedimetric, significantly simplifying the fabrication process. Here, the resistance of sensors proportionally changes with H2O2 concentration upon exposure to liquid or gas with a linear trend within the range of 61.3 × 10−9 and 61.3 × 10−6 m H2O2. The observed correlation between the resistance and H2O2 concentration is highly dependent on the level of integrated enzyme, suggesting the direct contribution of horseradish peroxidase in the co‐redoxing of PEDOT:PSS in the presence of H2O2. Raman and UV–vis spectroscopies also confirm the structural change of PEDOT in the presence of H2O2 which is facilitated by the enzyme.
Regioselective Decarboxylative Cycloaddition Route to Fully Substituted 3‐CF3‐Pyrazoles from Nitrilimines and Isoxazolidinediones
Authors: Tian Yu‐Chen , Li Jun‐Kuan , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: February 2021

Abstract1,4‐Diaryl‐5‐carboxamido substituted 3‐trifluoromethylpyrazoles are obtained with exclusive regioselectivity under transition‐metal‐free conditions. This decarboxylative [3+2] cycloaddition protocol was enabled by employing trifluoromethyl nitrilimines as 1,3‐dipoles, and isoxazolidinediones as CO2‐masked alkynyl dipolarophiles. The applicability of this method is further manifested by its compatibility with difluoromethyl, alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl nitrilimines, as well as the preparation of 4‐carboxylic amido analogue of drug Celebrex.magnified image
Achieving Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells Using Structurally Similar Non‐Fullerene Acceptors with Varying Flanking Side Chains
Authors: Chang Yuan , Zhang Jianquan , Chen Yuzhong , Chai Gaoda , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Ma Ruijie , Yu Han , Liu Tao , Liu Pei , Peng Qiang , Yan He 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, the properties and performance of three structurally similar non‐fullerene acceptors (named BTP‐Ph, BTP‐Th, and BTP‐C11) possessing different side chains on the β‐positions of the thienothiophene units of the Y6 molecule are systematically studied. The steric and electronic effects of these side chains on the blend morphology and device performance based on the PTQ10 donor polymer are investigated. It is found that the thiophene and benzene units on the side chains introduce more steric hindrance and thus slightly reduce the crystallinity of the molecule. However, an interesting matching trend with the PTQ10 donor that appears to better match with the less crystalline molecules is observed. Overall, PTQ10:BTP‐Ph delivers the highest performance of 17.1% due to the suitable phase separation among three blends. Next, a ternary strategy is explored by incorporating BTP‐Th/BTP‐C11 with better molecular packing into PTQ10:BTP‐Ph, which successfully extends photon response, enhances charge transport, and suppresses charge recombination compared with the binary blend. Due to these synergistic effects, the ternary device based on PTQ10:BTP‐Ph:BTP‐Th achieves an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 17.6% with a fill factor of 78.8%, which is the highest value of PTQ10‐based devices to date.
Information and consumer demand for milk attributes: Are redundant labels an effective marketing strategy?
Authors: Ufer Danielle , Ortega David L. , Wolf Christopher A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProduct labels communicate the presence of valuable traits to consumers but, when a single label represents multiple traits, communication can be hindered by consumer misinformation. Redundant labels can address this problem by explicitly indicating included qualities within a comprehensive label. We use data from a field experiment on willingness to pay for redundant labels in the US organic fluid milk market when consumers are either uninformed or informed of the redundancy. Market share simulations demonstrate the market impacts and effectiveness of introducing a redundant label as a response strategy to recapture market share lost to increasingly prevalent individual labels.
A statistical approach to surface renewal: The virtual chamber concept
Authors: Hicks Bruce B. , Lichiheb Nebila , O'Dell Deb. L. , Oetting Joel N. , Eash Neal S. , Heuer Mark , Myles LaToya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the stable conditions prevailing at night, concentrations of emitted gases (e.g., radon [Rn], carbon dioxide [CO2], methane [CH4], ammonia [NH3], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) build up at the surface, with intermittent interruptions due to the passage of packets of turbulence. The applicability of conventional experimental methods is then questionable. Here, a statistical approach is proposed, in which micrometeorological field data are used to replicate the likely characteristics of a chamber experiment, yielding estimates of surface fluxes at the surface itself with reduced requirement for adequate fetch. Application of the virtual chamber methodology to two recent field studies is explored: (a) a study of nocturnal CO2 emission from a farmland area in Ohio in 2015; and (b) an investigation of NH3 effluxes from a crop previously treated with urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) in Illinois in 2014. For both datasets, the virtual chamber approach yields results in general agreement with eddy covariance (EC) data.