bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review of short- and mid-term results
Authors: Liu Eva Y , Kord Dorsa , Yee Nicholas J , Horner Nolan S , Al Mana Latifah , Leroux Timothy , Alolabi Bashar , Khan Moin 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is used to treat rotator cuff deficient arthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. It has several advantages over the stemmed implant including preservation of bone stock, reduced surgical time, and easier revision. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and CENTRAL to retrieve all relevant studies evaluating stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Results The literature search identified 1993 studies out of which 7 studies were included in this review; 324 patients underwent stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with a weighted mean age of 74.1 (SD = 8.6, range = 38 to 93) years and a weighted mean follow-up time of 44 (SD = 6.6, range = 3 to 95) months. The included studies reported significant improvements in range of motion and functional scores comparable to stemmed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The weight mean flexion and abduction was (135 ± 12)° and (131 ± 12)° post-operatively, respectively. The weighted mean constant score increased from (26.7 ± 5.2) Patients (pts) to (63.0 ± 8.0) pts post-operatively. Overall complication and revision rate were 12.3% and 5.2%. Conclusion Early and mid-term results indicate stemless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has similar clinical outcomes to stemmed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. There was no radiological evidence of humeral loosening at the latest follow-up.
Enhanced Extracellular Matrix Breakdown Characterizes the Early Distraction Phase of Canine Knee Joint Distraction
Authors: Teunissen Michelle , Miranda Bedate Alberto , Coeleveld Katja , Riemers Frank M. , Meij Björn P. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Mastbergen Simon C. 
Published: May 2021

Objective Joint distraction triggers intrinsic cartilage repair in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA), corroborating observations in human OA patients treated with joint distraction. The present study explores the still largely elusive mechanism initiating this repair process. Design Unilateral OA was induced in the knee joint of 8 dogs using the groove model; the contralateral joint served as a control. After 10 weeks, 4 animals received joint distraction, the other 4 serving as OA controls. Halfway the distraction period (after 4 weeks of a standard 8-week distraction treatment), all animals were euthanized, and joint tissues were collected. A targeted quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed of commonly involved processes including matrix catabolism/anabolism, inflammation, and known signaling pathways in OA. In addition, cartilage changes were determined on tissue sections using the canine OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) histopathology score and collagen type II (COL2A1) immunostaining. Results Midway distraction, the distracted OA joint showed an upregulation of proteolytic genes, for example, ADAMTS5, MMP9, MMP13, compared to OA alone and the healthy joints, which correlated with an increased OARSI score. Additionally, genes of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and Notch pathway, and markers associated with progenitor cells were increased. Conclusions Joint distraction initiates both catabolic and anabolic transcriptional responses. The enhanced turnover, and thereby renewal of the matrix, could be the key to the cartilage repair observed in the months after joint distraction.
Single institution early clinical experience with the Scepter Mini balloon catheter
Authors: White Timothy G , Shah Kevin A , Turpin Justin , Dehdashti Amir R , Link Thomas , Katz Jeffrey M , Woo Henry H 
Published: May 2021

Background The use of liquid embolic agents in the endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous (dAVFs) fistulas and brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) has become common practice. The use of dual lumen balloon microcatheters has greatly improved the efficacy of liquid embolization. The purpose of this series is to discuss our early experience with the Scepter Mini dual lumen balloon microcatheter. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients who underwent embolization with the Scepter Mini dual lumen balloon at a single institution. Technical details and procedural complications were recorded for each case. Results In total, 10 Scepter Mini dual lumen balloon microcatheters were used in nine patients. All patients except two were treated for AVMs. Technical success was achieved in all but one case where one balloon had to be discarded due to precipitation of the tantalum powder. Average vessel diameter where the balloon was inflated was 1.1 mm (0.8–2.4 mm). It provided flow arrest in 100% of cases with no cases of reflux of embolic material. Balloon “jump back” was found to occur in 44.4% (4/9) of cases. Seven out of nine cases used Onyx, and two cases used n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Conclusions The Scepter Mini is a new dual lumen balloon ideal for distal access and can be used for embolization with liquid embolic agents with a high degree of technical success. Its great benefit is the immediate and safe flow arrest of distal vasculature upon balloon inflation. One important consideration for effective embolization is early identification of balloon jump back.
Accuracy and reliability of PBV ASPECTS, CBV ASPECTS and NCCT ASPECTS in acute ischaemic stroke: a matched-pair analysis
Authors: Potreck Arne , Falbesaner Alina , Seker Fatih , Weyland Charlotte S , Mundiyanapurath Sibu , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Pfaff Johannes AR 
Published: May 2021

Background and purpose To investigate the reliability and accuracy of Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Scores (ASPECTS) derived from flatpanel detector computed tomography pooled blood volume maps compared to non-contrast computed tomography and multidetector computed tomography perfusion cerebral blood volume maps. Methods ASPECTS from pooled blood volume maps were evaluated retrospectively by two experienced readers for 37 consecutive patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 occlusion who underwent flatpanel detector computed tomography perfusion imaging before mechanical thrombectomy between November 2016 and February 2019. For comparison with ASPECTS from non-contrast computed tomography and cerebral blood volume maps, a matched-pair analysis according to pre-stroke modified Rankin scale, age, stroke severity, site of occlusion, time from stroke onset to imaging and final modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) was performed in a separate group of patients who underwent multimodal computed tomography prior to mechanical thrombectomy between June 2015 and February 2019. Follow-up ASPECTS were derived from either non-contrast computed tomography or from magnetic resonance imaging (in seven patients) one day after mechanical thrombectomy. Results Interrater agreement was best for non-contrast computed tomography ASPECTS (w-kappa = 0.74, vs. w-kappa = 0.63 for cerebral blood volume ASPECTS and w-kappa = 0.53 for pooled blood volume ASPECTS). Also, accuracy, defined as correlation between acute and follow-up ASPECTS, was best for non-contrast computed tomography ASPECTS (Spearman ρ = 0.86 (0.65–0.97), P < 0.001), while it was lower and comparable for pooled blood volume ASPECTS (ρ = 0.58 (0.32–0.79), P < 0.001) and cerebral blood volume ASPECTS (ρ = 0.52 (0.17–0.80), P = 0.001). It was noteworthy that cases of relevant infarct overestimation by two or more ASPECTS regions (compared to follow-up imaging) were observed for both acute pooled blood volume and cerebral blood volume ASPECTS but occurred more often for acute pooled blood volume ASPECTS (25% vs. 5%, P = 0.02). Conclusion Non-contrast computed tomography ASPECTS outperformed both pooled blood volume ASPECTS and cerebral blood volume ASPECTS in accuracy and reliability. Importantly, relevant infarct overestimation was observed more often in pooled blood volume ASPECTS than cerebral blood volume ASPECTS, limiting its present clinical applicability for acute stroke imaging.
Indirect Lumbar Decompression Combined With or Without Additional Direct Posterior Decompression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manzur Mustfa K. , Samuel Andre M. , Morse Kyle W. , Shafi Karim A. , Gatto Bridget Jivanelli , Gang Catherine Himo , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: May 2021

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Indirect decompression via lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) can ameliorate central and foraminal lumbar stenosis. In severe central stenosis, additional posterior direct decompression is utilized. The aim of this review is to synthesize existing literature on these 2 techniques and identify significant differences in outcomes between isolated indirect decompression via LLIF and combined indirect decompression supplemented with direct posterior decompression. Methods: A database search algorithm was utilized to query MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and EMBASE to identify literature reporting adult decompression study groups that involved an oblique or lateral fusion approach through September 2020. Improvement in outcomes measures and complication rates were pooled and tested for significance. Results: A total of 110 publications were assessed with 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria, including 557 patients and 1008 levels. Mean age was 63.1 years with BMI of 27.5 kg/m2. For the combined indirect and direct decompression cohort, lumbar lordosis (LL) increased 133.9%, from 22.8o to 48.7o, while the indirect decompression cohort LL increased 8.9%, from 41.9o to 45.5o. Difference in LL improvement between cohorts was insignificant ( P > .05). Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) decreased from 36.5 to 19.4 in the combined indirect and direct decompression cohort, and from 44.4 to 23.1 in the indirect decompression cohort. ODI reduction was insignificant ( P = .053). Conclusions: Prior studies of both indirect decompression as well as combined indirect and direct decompression of lumbar spine stenosis are limited by small samples, heterogeneous populations, and lack of direct comparisons. Both procedures result in improved function and pain postoperatively with direct decompression restoring more lordosis in patients with worse preoperative alignment.
The Relationship Between Arm Abduction Position and the Risk of Iatrogenic Anterior Branch of the Axillary Nerve Injuries: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Chuaychoosakoon Chaiwat , Suwannaphisit Sitthiphong 
Published: May 2021

Background: The axillary nerve is at risk for iatrogenic injuries in surgical procedures involving the lateral aspect of the shoulder joint. To date and to our knowledge, there have been no studies that have compared the relevant distances in the common arm abduction positions used in these types of surgery as well as the relative risks of each position. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of arm abduction position on the distance from the acromion process to the axillary nerve in the common abducted arm positions. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The shoulders of 10 fresh-frozen, full-body cadaveric specimens were used. A saber incision was made at the anterolateral edge of the acromion, and the anterior branch of the axillary nerve was identified. The distance between the anterolateral edge of the acromion process and the axillary nerve was measured 3 times in each of 4 positions: with the arm at the side as well as at 30°, 60°, and 90° of abduction. Then, the same procedure was performed from the midlateral and the posterolateral edges of the acromion process. The distances of the acromion process to the axillary nerve in the 4 positions were compared using 2-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean distances from the anterolateral edge of the acromion process to the anterior branch of the axillary nerve were 52.76 ± 4.64 mm with the arm at the side, 49.48 ± 4.77 mm at 30° of abduction, 46.00 ± 4.75 mm at 60° of abduction, and 42.88 ± 4.59 mm at 90° of abduction. There was a significant decrease in the distance from the anterolateral edge of the acromion process to the axillary nerve as the abduction angle of the arm increased from 0° to 60°, 0° to 90°, and 30° to 90° ( P < .05). Conclusion: The distances from the acromion process to the axillary nerve were shorter in all abducted arm positions than with the arm at the side. Clinical Relevance: To avoid iatrogenic axillary nerve injuries, surgeons should be aware of the safe zone based on the shortest distance from the acromion process to the axillary nerve to ensure no accidental damage to this structure instead of using the mean distance of 5 cm.
Sex-Based Differences in Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: Results at 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chen Mo , Feng Sijia , Chen Yuzhou , Ding Zheci , Xie Yuxue , Chen Jiwu , Hua Yinghui , Chen Jun , Yang Jianjun , Chen Shiyi 
Published: May 2021

Background: The influence of patient sex on clinical outcomes after arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization is unclear. Purpose: To investigate sex-based differences in clinical outcomes after arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 76 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization from February 2010 to December 2017. The patients were grouped by sex. The recurrence rate of instability was compared, as were pre- and postoperative pain scores, functional outcome scores, and active range of motion (ROM). Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed for structural assessment of the glenohumeral joint. Results: No significant difference was found in the recurrence rate between female and male patients (13.3% vs 14.8%; P ≥ .999; risk ratio, 1.107 [95% CI, 0.266-4.597]). Compared with male patients, female patients had a significantly lower preoperative Constant score (94.4 ± 6.4 vs 85.4 ± 11.1; P = .002), forward flexion (173.8° ± 10.7° vs 154.0° ± 33.8°; P = .011), abduction (171.0° ± 18.4° vs 142.7° ± 39.9°; P = .001), and external rotation (76.6° ± 21.6° vs 67.7° ± 20.4°; P = .037). Postoperatively, female patients had a significantly lower Simple Shoulder Test score compared with men (8.8 ± 1.9 vs 10.3 ± 1.6; P = .005). The mean changes from pre- to postoperative Rowe score (43.6 ± 21.4 vs 31.5 ± 19.8; P = .044), Constant score (9.9 ± 8.9 vs 0.8 ± 8.1; P = .002), forward flexion (24.0 ± 36.2 vs 4.2 ± 10.9; P = .013), abduction (36.0 ± 38.3 vs 7.6 ± 18.4; P < .001), and external rotation (19.7 ± 21.3 vs 6.7 ± 26.2; P = .023) in female patients were significantly higher than those in the men. There were no sex-based differences on any MRI parameter measured. Conclusion: Female patients had a similar recurrence rate as that of male patients after arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization. Most postoperative clinical outcome measures showed no significant difference between the sexes. Despite worse preoperative values, more significant improvements in postoperative shoulder function and active ROM were seen in women.
Searching for signatures of positive selection in cytochrome b gene associated with subterranean lifestyle in fast-evolving arvicolines (Arvicolinae, Cricetidae, Rodentia)
Authors: Bondareva Olga V. , Potapova Nadezhda A. , Konovalov Kirill A. , Petrova Tatyana V. , Abramson Natalia I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitochondrial genes encode proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Variations in lifestyle and ecological niche can be directly reflected in metabolic performance. Subterranean rodents represent a good model for testing hypotheses on adaptive evolution driven by important ecological shifts. Voles and lemmings of the subfamily Arvicolinae (Rodentia: Cricetidae) provide a good example for studies of adaptive radiation. This is the youngest group within the order Rodentia showing the fastest rates of diversification, including the transition to the subterranean lifestyle in several phylogenetically independent lineages.ResultsWe evaluated the signatures of selection in the mitochondrial cytochromeb(cytB) gene in 62 Arvicolinae species characterized by either subterranean or surface-dwelling lifestyle by assessing amino acid sequence variation, exploring the functional consequences of the observed variation in the tertiary protein structure, and estimating selection pressure. Our analysis revealed that: (1) three of the convergent amino acid substitutions were found among phylogenetically distant subterranean species and (2) these substitutions may have an influence on the protein complex structure, (3)cytBshowed an increased ω and evidence of relaxed selection in subterranean lineages, relative to non-subterranean, and (4) eight protein domains possess increased nonsynonymous substitutions ratio in subterranean species.ConclusionsOur study provides insights into the adaptive evolution of the cytochromebgene in the Arvicolinae subfamily and its potential implications in the molecular mechanism of adaptation. We present a framework for future characterizations of the impact of specific mutations on the function, physiology, and interactions of the mtDNA-encoded proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation.
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Esteio, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Franceschi Vinícius Bonetti , Caldana Gabriel Dickin , de Menezes Mayer Amanda , Cybis Gabriela Bettella , Neves Carla Andretta Moreira , Ferrareze Patrícia Aline Gröhs , Demoliner Meriane , de Almeida Paula Rodrigues , Gularte Juliana Schons , Hansen Alana Witt , Weber Matheus Nunes , Fleck Juliane Deise , Zimerman Ricardo Ariel , Kmetzsch Lívia , Spilki Fernando Rosado , Thompson Claudia Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Brazil is the third country most affected by Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but viral evolution in municipality resolution is still poorly understood in Brazil and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of viral spread. We aimed to track molecular evolution and spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Esteio (Southern Brazil) using phylogenetics and phylodynamics inferences from 21 new genomes in global and regional context. Importantly, the case fatality rate (CFR) in Esteio (3.26%) is slightly higher compared to the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state (2.56%) and the entire Brazil (2.74%).

Results
We provided a comprehensive view of mutations from a representative sampling from May to October 2020, highlighting two frequent mutations in spike glycoprotein (D614G and V1176F), an emergent mutation (E484K) in spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) characteristic of the B.1.351 and P.1 lineages, and the adjacent replacement of 2 amino acids in Nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (R203K and G204R). E484K was found in two genomes from mid-October, which is the earliest description of this mutation in Southern Brazil. Lineages containing this substitution must be subject of intense surveillance due to its association with immune evasion. We also found two epidemiologically-related clusters, including one from patients of the same neighborhood. Phylogenetics and phylodynamics analysis demonstrates multiple introductions of the Brazilian most prevalent lineages (B.1.1.33 and B.1.1.248) and the establishment of Brazilian lineages ignited from the Southeast to other Brazilian regions.

Conclusions
Our data show the value of correlating clinical, epidemiological and genomic information for the understanding of viral evolution and its spatial distribution over time. This is of paramount importance to better inform policy making strategies to fight COVID-19.
Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota of a healthy population and covariates affecting microbial variation in two large Japanese cohorts
Authors: Park Jonguk , Kato Kumiko , Murakami Haruka , Hosomi Koji , Tanisawa Kumpei , Nakagata Takashi , Ohno Harumi , Konishi Kana , Kawashima Hitoshi , Chen Yi-An , Mohsen Attayeb , Xiao Jin-zhong , Odamaki Toshitaka , Kunisawa Jun , Mizuguchi Kenji , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inter-individual variations in gut microbiota composition are observed even among healthy populations. The gut microbiota may exhibit a unique composition depending on the country of origin and race of individuals. To comprehensively understand the link between healthy gut microbiota and host state, it is beneficial to conduct large-scale cohort studies. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota composition within the Japanese population by 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and questionnaire-based covariate analysis.

Results
A total of 1596 healthy Japanese individuals participated in this study via two independent cohorts, NIBIOHN cohort (n = 954) and MORINAGA cohort (n = 642). Gut microbiota composition was described and the interaction of these microorganisms with metadata parameters such as anthropometric measurements, bowel habits, medical history, and lifestyle were obtained. Thirteen genera, including Alistipes, Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Eubacterium halli group, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Prevotella_9, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum were predominant among the two cohorts. On the basis of univariate analysis for overall microbiome variation, 18 matching variables exhibited significant association in both cohorts. A stepwise redundancy analysis revealed that there were four common covariates, Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, gender, age, and defecation frequency, displaying non-redundant association with gut microbial variance.

Conclusions
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota in healthy Japanese individuals, based on two independent cohorts, and obtained reliable evidence that questionnaire-based covariates such as frequency of bowel movement and specific dietary habit affects the microbial composition of the gut. To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota among Japanese populations.