bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disinfection tackling the COVID-19 pandemic causes disinfection by-products (DBPs) accumulation and threatens aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Xian , Wang Leyun , Chen Shanshan , Ling Haibo , Li Weiwei , Yi Chuan , Wang Xinzi , Xie Yucheng , Yi Liu , Qu Jiuhui , Huang Xia , Zhang Dayi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Abstract
To fight against the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19), chlorine-based disinfectants are extensively or even over used for water, surface and personal care decontamination. The risks of disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been alerted to cause serious secondary pollution; however, there is still lack of evidence. This study collected 110 water samples from nine lakes and two rivers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic and comprehensively analyzed the occurrence of eighteen DBPs. Trihalomethanes, halonitromethanes, halogen acetonitriles and nitrosamines had a high detection frequency and were 0.99-14.26, ND-4.62, ND-1.09 and 0.0414-0.0861 μg/L, respectively, all lower than the maximum contamination level (MCL) suggested by China and USA. Haloacetic acids were detected in all lakes and Yangtze River and ranged from 33.8 to 856.1 μg/L, much higher than the MCL. Haloacetic acids and halogen acetonitriles accounted for 74.2-95.1% of the total cytotoxicity (0.38-3.62×105); halonitromethanes (94.0-98.7%) contributed to the majority of genotoxicity (0.52-5.17×104). Dichloroacetic acid exhibited significant ecological risks to green algae in two lakes and Yangtze River (risk quotient >10), and all the other DBPs showed negligible risks (risk quotient <0.01) to fish, daphnid or green algae. Correlation and redundancy analysis identified strong correlations between total organic carbon, conductivity, NH3-N, turbidity and DBPs. DBP composition and the fluorescence indices of dissolved organic matters together categorized all lakes into two types. Type-I lakes contained all DBP categories, driven by total organic carbon and secondarily formed by residual active chlorine with natural organic matters; Type-II lakes and Yangtze River only had high levels of haloacetic acids and small amounts of trihalomethanes, explained by the primary formation of DBPs in sewage. Our findings for the first time uncovered the significant accumulation and risks of DBPs in lakes and rivers of Wuhan during the COVID-19, provided the evidence of secondary pollution from intensive disinfection activities with chlorine-based disinfectants, evaluated the potential the ecological risks of DBPs in Wuhan and along Yangtze River, and raised our re-consideration of disinfection strategy in the pandemics and post-COVID-19 era.
Effect Of The Water Inlet Temperature And Flow Rate On The Energy And Exergy Performance of A Forced Draft Counter Wet Cooling Tower
Authors: Kareem Fadhil Abdulrazzaq , Khalaf Doaa Zaid , Al-Dulaimi Mustafa J. , Lateef Yasser Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The Immune Landscape of Molecular Bacterial Vaginosis and HPV Natural History
Authors: Usyk Mykhaylo , Schlecht Nicolas , Pickering Sarah , Williams LaShanda , Sollecito Christopher , Gradissimo Ana , Safian Mahboobeh , Pinto Ligia A , Herrero Rolando , Porras Carolina , Shiffman Mark , Viswanathan Shankar , Nucci-Sack Anne , Diaz Angela , Burk Robert 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with acquisition of sexually transmitted infections and adverse reproductive outcomes. It has been proposed that BV’s role as a pathogenic condition is mediated via bacteria-induced local inflammation. However, the complex interplay between vaginal microbes and host immune factors has yet to be clearly elucidated. We demonstrate that 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a novel pipeline can be used to generate a molecular Nugent BV score (molBV) corresponding to the Nugent score 0 - 10. This algorithm is independent of the region of 16S rRNA amplified, the sequencing platform and source population. We further identify two local immune cytokine patterns associated with this molecular Nugent score (q-values<0.001). The main immune response is represented by an elevated IL-1β/IP-10 ratio, whereas a second pattern consists of an increased TNF-α/MIP-1β ratio. To evaluate the biological significance of molBV-BV and the local immune response, we show that clearance of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections (HZ=1.86, 95% CI: 1.19-2.9) was associated with immune profiles, but not molBV-BV when both were considered in the model. In contrast, the TNF-α/MIP-1β signature was associated with progression of incident infections to CIN2+ (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.62-5.42), but not HR-HPV clearance. Thus, BV is a heterogeneous condition that activates different arms of the local immune response, which in turn are independent risk factors for HR-HPV clearance and progression.
Modelling Sociodemographic Factors That Affect Malaria Prevalence in Sussundenga, Mozambique.
Authors: Ferrao Joao Luis , Earland Dominique , Novela Anisio , Mendes Roberto , Ballat Marcos , Tungadza Alberto , Bibe Albino , Searle Kelly 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria is still one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Mozambique with little progress in malaria control over the past 20 years. Sussundenga is one of most affected areas. Malaria transmission has a strong association with environmental and socio-demographic factors. The knowledge of sociodemographic factors that affects malaria, may be used to improve the strategic planning for its control and, such studies do not exist in Sussundenga. Hence, the objective of this study is to model the relationship between malaria and sociodemographic factors in Sussundenga, Mozambique. MethodsHouses in the study area were digitalized and enumerated using GoogleEarth ProTM. Hundred houses were randomly selected to conduct a community survey of P. falciparum parasite prevalence using rapid diagnostic test (RDT). During the survey, a questionnaire was conducted to assess the socio-demographic factors of the participants. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and backward stepwise logistic regression was performed establishing a relationship between positive cases and the factors. The analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 package. ResultsThe overall P. falciparum prevalence was 31.6 %. Half of the malaria positive cases occurred in age group 5 to 14 years. Previous malaria treatment, population density and age group were significant predictors for the model. The model explained 13.5 % of the variance in malaria positive cases and sensitivity of the final model was 73.3 %. ConclusionIn this area the highest burden of P. falciparum infection was among those t5-14 years old. Malaria infection was related to socio-demographic factors. Targeting malaria control at community level can contributed better than waiting for cases at health centers. These finding can be used to guide more effective interventions in this region.Trial registrationReview Board (IRB) at the University of Minnesota STUDY00007184 CNBS [IRB00002657]
LINC00152 Acts as a Potential Marker in Gliomas and Promotes Tumor Proliferation and Invasion Through The LINC00152/miR-107/RAB10 Axis
Authors: liu qing , peng gang , Su Jun , wang zeyou , xiao songhua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Recently, several studies have showed that the LINC00152 gene is upregulated in a variety of tumors and plays an oncogene role; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms in glioblastoma remain unclear. In this study, we found that LINC00152 was upregulated in gliomas and its expression was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes for glioma patients through bioinformatics analysis. Functionally, the knockdown of LINC00152 not only inhibited malignant behaviors of glioma, such as proliferation and invasion of glioma cells and induced apoptosis in vitro but also suppressed tumorigenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, results of the bioinformatics analysis and experimental studies confirmed that LINC00152 and RAB10 as the targets of miR-107, and LINC00152 might act as a sponge for miR-107 to regulate the expression of RAB10 in glioblastoma. Additionally, silencing miR-107 reversed the effects induced by LINC00152 knockdown on glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data suggested that LINC00152 is a candidate prognostic marker of glioma, and that the LINC00152/MIR-107/RAB10 axis plays a pivotal role in regulation of the glioma malignancy, and therefore, targeting the axis might be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat glioma.
Congenial in Vitro γ-Ray Induced Mutagenesis Underlying the Varied Array of Petal Colours in Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum Grandiflorum Kitam). ‘Candid’
Authors: Din Ambreena , Qadri Zahoor Ahmed , WANI MUNEEB AHMAD , Rather Z.A. , Iqbal Shameen , Malik Sajid Ali , Rafiq Sadaf , Nazki I.T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemum grandiflorum kitam.) is amongst the top ten cut flowers globally. The flower colour of ancestral species is restricted to white, yellow, and pink and is acquired from anthocyanins, carotenoids, and the dearth of both pigments, respectively. An extensive array of flower colours, like orange, dark red, purplish-red, and red, has been bred by enhancing the variety of pigments or the amalgamation of both pigments. In recent times, green-flowered cultivars having chlorophylls in their ray petals have been produced and have grown a reputation. Furthermore, violet /blue flowers have been bred via transgenic interventions. Flower colour is considered as critically acclaimed feature of any flower cultivar especially chrysanthemum. Creating newer chrysanthemum cultivars with novel features, for instance, new flower colours in a time and input optimised approach, is the eventual ambition for breeders. Exploring the molecular mechanisms that control flower pigmentation may present imperative suggestions for the rational manoeuvring of flower colour. To generate a diverse array of flower colour mutants in chrysanthemum cv. “Candid” through mutagenesis, in vitro grown micro shoots were exposed to 10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy gamma irradiation at 100 Gy per minute and were evaluated for different parameters. The rhizogenesis parameters declined with the increase in irradiation dose from 0 Gy to 40 Gy, while as, 10 Gy dose proved to record minimum decline in contrast to the control. Survival, leaf size, and the number of leaves plant− 1 after the 8th -week interval also decreased with the increasing trend of gamma irradiation dose but recorded a minimum decline in plants raised from shoots irradiated with 10 Gy gamma irradiation dose with respect to the control. Apparently, the minimum delay in the number of days to floral bud appearance took under 10 Gy compared to control. The highest number of flower colour mutants were recorded under 10 Gy (light pink, orange-pink, white and yellow). Demountable mutation frequency based on flower colour was desirable in plants irradiated with the slightest dose of 10 Gy
Irradiation Effect on Morphology of Cobaltite Cathode Martial for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Borham Emad , Ahmed Amr , Ibrahim Mervat M. , Mahdy Amir A. , Mattar Taha 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nano sized crystallites of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) which is a promising cobaltite cathode material for intermediate temperature-solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) was synthesized by sol-gel technique and modified sol-gel technique by Gamma irradiation methods. The structure, morphology, elemental analyses and surface area were determined by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Results showed that LSCF cobaltite cathode material has single phase perovskite product with porous structure. The morphology of the sample synthesized by irradiation method was more porous structure and higher surface area as compared to sample prepared by sol gel method. So, irradiation method has a pronounced effective role in improvement of microstructure of LSCF Cobaltite cathode material.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Global and Regional Myocardial Work Quantitatively by Pressure-strain Loop in Young Strength Athletes With Different Heart Rates
Authors: Li Pengge , Zhang Yonggao , Li Lijin , Sun Mengjiao , Li Zhen , Liu Mengmeng , Hua Shaohua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the difference in left ventricular (LV) global and regional myocardial work (MW) of strength athletes with different heart rates (HR) through non-invasive LV pressure-strain loop (PSL) and further address the effect of athlete’s resting heart rate variability on the LV systolic function.Methods:Fifty young professional wrestlers were collected randomly and divided into two groups in accordance with their different heart rates: the low HR group (45~60 bpm, n1=25) and the high HR group (60~80 bpm, n2=25). Thirty individuals with gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls (n3=30). Global and regional MW parameters were evaluated using LV-PSL derived from speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and brachial artery pressure. The differences between three groups of data and the linear relationship among conventional echocardiographic parameters and global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) were analyzed.Results:The indicators of global and regional MW did statistically significantly differ between the athlete and control groups. Compared with the control group, Peak strain dispersion (PSD) and global myocardial wasted work (GWW) increased while GWE reduced all in the low HR and high HR groups, and global myocardial work index (GWI), global myocardial constructive work (GCW), global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased in the low HR group (all P＜0.05). In comparison to the low HR group, GWI, GCW, GWW, PSD increased in the high HR group and GWE reduced (P＜0.05). According to the regional MW analysis, the mean regional myocardial work index (RMWI) was increased gradually from basal to apical levels, which were similar across the three groups, but regional myocardial work efficiency (RMWE) did not. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the HR, posterior wall thickness (PWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), GLS, and PSD were well correlated with GWE (b’= -0.247, -0.390, -0.370, 0.340, and -0.554, respectively, P＜0.05).Conclusions:The sub-clinical changes of LV contractile performance were more obvious in young strength athletes with high resting heart rates and PSL could be used to assess LV GMW and RMW quantitatively and accurately in reflecting LV systolic function.
Construct Validity and Reliability of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Tool Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Lidya Genene , Wondimagegnehu Abigiya , Woldemariam Aynalem Abraha , Gelaye Bizu , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Addissie Adamu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer and its treatments can have a detrimental effect on patients’ quality of life. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ) was developed to assess quality of life among colorectal cancer patients and is used worldwide. However, the tool has not been translated into a local language or validated in the Ethiopian context. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the EORTC-QLQ in Ethiopia among colorectal cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a major referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to May, 2020. A total of 158 colorectal cancer patients were consecutively included. The construct validity was assessed using Multitrait Scale Analysis, convergent validity, and relationship with functional outcomes. The internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha.Result: Among the participants, 52.2% were men, with a median age of 46 years (IQR = 17.7 years). The time needed to complete the EORTC-QLQ was less than 20 minutes. The item-total correlation alpha values ranged from 0.47–0.91. All item correlations within their scales were greater than 0.4 except for the Blood and Mucus in Stool scale. The value of correlation coefficients between all items and their own domain were higher than other domains, except for the Blood and Mucus in Stool scale. The correlation between the core questionnaire and the colorectal tool ranged from -0.453–0.581. The tool showed a significant difference between stoma and non-stoma patients, and between patients who had good physical function and those who did not.Conclusion: Except for the Blood and Mucus in Stool scale, the construct validity and reliability of all scales were supported. Therefore, the Amharic version of the tool can be used to assess health related quality of life in Ethiopian colorectal cancer patients. However, due to the low correlation between items in the Blood and Mucus in Stool scale, we recommend that these items are treated as a single item.
COVID-19 Vaccination Program in China: a Subnational Descriptive Analysis on Target Population Size and Current Progress
Authors: Zheng Wen , Yan Xuemei , Zhao Zeyao , Yang Juan , Yu Hongjie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: China is facing substantial risks of imported COVID-19 cases and a domestic resurgence in the long run, and COVID-19 vaccination is expected to be the long-lasting solution to end the pandemic. We aim to estimate the size of the target population for COVID-19 vaccination at the provincial level and summarize the current progress of vaccination programs, which could support local governments in the timely determination and adjustment of vaccination policies and promotional measures.Methods: By extracting provincial-stratified data from publicly available sources, we estimated the size of priority target groups for vaccination programs and further characterized the ongoing COVID-19 vaccination program at the provincial level, including the total doses administered, the coverage rate, and the vaccination capacity needed to achieve the target coverage of 70%.Results: The size of the target population shows large differences among provinces, ranging from 3.5 million to 115.2 million. As of June 10, the speed of vaccine roll-out differs remarkably as well, with the highest coverage occurring in Beijing and Shanghai, where 69.8% and 62.3% of the population is fully vaccinated, respectively. However, in 19 of 31 provinces, less than 40% of the population was administered at least one dose, in 9 of which the proportion was even less than 30%. Compared to the routine vaccination capacity before the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 vaccination capacity has greatly improved. Nevertheless, the current vaccination capacity is far lower than the target of 70% coverage by the end of 2021 or by mid-2022 in approximately 5%-20% of provinces, particularly the Guizhou, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Fujian and Hebei provinces.Conclusions: Large disparities exist in the target population size and vaccination progress across provinces in China. Vaccine coverage is far from meeting the herd immunity threshold, and the vaccination service capacity needs to be further improved.
Precise detection of the size of monodisperse droplets considering the fluctuations induced by the droplet generation process
Authors: Zeng Wen , Fu Hai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For droplet microfluidics, the electrical-detection method which can precisely detect the size of monodisperse droplets is demonstrated in this paper. In a Flow-focusing microdroplet generator, three pairs of the microelectrodes are allocated along the microchannel, and during the passing-by process of each droplet, both the length, the velocity and the production speed of the droplets can be obtained from the experimental measurements of the time-varying capacitance between each pair of the microelectrodes. Particularly, for different geometries of the Flow-focusing microchannel, the method of the electrical-detection is validated experimentally over a wide range of the typical conditions of monodisperse droplet production. In addition, the droplet size measured by the electrical-detection method is compared with that by the method of image processing, and the detection precision of the electrical-detection method is verified experimentally. Most importantly, by calculating the root-mean-square value of the droplet lengths for three pairs of the microelectrodes, the detection precision of the droplet size can be increased drastically.
Usefulness of Antenatal Care Handbook: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mother’s Perspective
Authors: Luta Queenita , Mumin Khadizah Haji Abdul , Sharbawi Hjh Roslin Haji , Rahman Hanif Abdul , Hashim Sarena Haji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Handbook was introduced by the Ministry of Health Brunei Darussalam in 2016 to replace a card-type record. Since its introduction, its usefulness has not been evaluated. The purpose of the study was to determine the usefulness of the MCH Handbook contents in delivering information on antenatal care to Bruneian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey to women who came for their routine antenatal checkup at 32-week gestation. Results: 73 mothers returned the self-administered online questionnaires. Participants had time to read the handbook (95.9%), were familiar with content (89.0%), and satisfied with the usage (93.2%). Major reasons for not using the handbook included “same information available online” (20.5%), “some words difficult to understand” (17.8%), “like more pictures than words” (12.3%), and “less encouragement from healthcare workers” (12.3%).Conclusions: Majority of mothers find the handbook useful. However, further study is required to explore mother’s perception on the utilization of the handbook to continue improving the content and ensure relevance of its usage over time.