bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effective method of benzene-containing wastewater treatment using floating electro-Fenton system
Authors: Qiao Hui , He Mingqi , Wang Qiushi , Han Shuaishuai , Zhao Haiqian , Wang Zhonghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Traditional electro-Fenton systems must continuously supply oxygen to the cathode, which leads to extensive volatilisation of benzene in solutions. In this study, we adopted a floating cathode electro-Fenton system without bubbling oxygen into the solution to treat benzene-containing wastewater. The effects of the floating cathode position and main reaction parameters on benzene degradation were analysed, and the degradation cost was estimated. The results indicated that the electro-Fenton system with floating cathode could effectively degrade benzene in solutions. For the cathode, the complete utilisation of air and oxygen released from the anode was crucial. The benzene degradation rate increased with an increase in benzene concentrations. Additionally, pH mainly affected the existing ionic state of iron and production ratio of active substances. The current intensity significantly influenced the reaction activity. Using the floating cathode electro-Fenton method, the benzene removal ratio in the solution could reach 74.80% after 60 min under the optimum reaction conditions. For the floating cathode electro-Fenton system, the cost of treating benzene-containing sewage per cubic metre was $1.2187, which is significantly lower than that for traditional electro-Fenton technology ($1.4000). Hence, the floating cathode electro-Fenton system is an economical and efficient method for benzene degradation in solutions.
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis During COVID-19
Pandemic: A Critical Viewpoint
Authors: Alborghetti Marika , Bellucci Gianmarco , Gentile Antonietta , Calderoni Chiara , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Capra Ruggero , Salvetti Marco , Centonze Diego 
Published: March 2021

:
Since COVID-19 has emerged as a word public health problem, attention has been focused on how immune suppressive drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders influence the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here we discuss the disease-modifying agents approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) within this context. Interferon (IFN)-1a and -1b, which display antiviral activity, could be protective in the early stage of COVID-19 infection, although SARS-CoV-2 may have developed resistance to IFNs. However, in the hyper inflammation stage, IFNs may become detrimental by facilitating macrophage invasion in the lung and other organs. Glatiramer acetate and its analogues should not interfere with the development of COVID-19 and may be considered safe. Teriflunomide, a first-line oral drug used in the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) may display antiviral activity by depleting cellular nucleotides necessary for viral replication. The other first-line drug, dimethyl fumarate, may afford protection against SARS-CoV-2 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway and reinforcing the cellular defences against oxidative stress. Concern has been raised on the use of second-line treatments for MS during COVID-19 pandemic. However, this concern is not always justified. For example, fingolimod, might be highly beneficial during the hyperinflammatory stage of COVID-19 for a number of mechanisms including the reinforcement of the endothelial barrier. Caution is suggested for the use of natalizumab, cladribine, alemtuzumab, and ocrelizumab, although MS disease recurrence after discontinuation of these drugs may overcome a potential risk for COVID-19 infection.
Infection, Infectious Agents and Vascular Disease
Authors: Ielapi Nicola , Caprino Francesco , Malizia Biagio , Sisinni Antonio , Ssempijja Lwanga , Andreucci Michele , Licastro Noemi , Serra Raffaele 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Infectious agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular disease
and related complications. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant information on
the common infections related to vascular disease, discussing the main pathophysiological mechanisms.

Methods:
In the current review, the most important evidence on the issue of infections and vascular
disease is searched on Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect database.

Results:
Among infectious agents, herpesviruses, parvovirus B19, hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency
virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, treponema pallidum, mycobacterium
tuberculosis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and candida albicans seem
to particularly related to vascular disease.

Conclusion:
Infectious agents may affect vessel’s homeostasis and functionality, both on the arterial
and venous side, by means of several pathophysiological mechanisms such as dysregulation in
vasomotor function, thromboembolic complications, initiation and progression of atherosclerosis,
alteration of perivascular adipose tissue, recruiting inflammatory cells and molecules.
The Effect of Additional Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) as Coating Fe3O4 for Magnetic Nanofluid Applications
Authors: Antarnusa Ganesha , Denny Yus Rama , Suherman Andri , Utami Indri Sari , Saefullah Asep 
Published: March 2021

Background & Objective:
Magnetic nanofluid is a special class of nanofluid that exhibits
both magnetic and fluid properties. The main purpose of using magnetic nanofluid as a
heat transfer medium is the possibility of controlling the flow and the heat transfer process
through an external magnetic field. This research aims at identifying the effect of
adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for magnetic
nanofluid applications.

Method:
The nanofluid was prepared by synthesizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the
chemical precipitation method and then dispersing them in distilled water using a sonicator.

Results:
The result of XRD is that nanoparticles had inverse spinel structures, and the
smallest crystallite size is found in the Fe3O4@PEG-6000 samples. FE-SEM and TEM
show that the addition of PEG can reduce the Fe3O4 agglomeration, and the smallest particle
size is found in the Fe3O4@PEG-6000 samples. The result of FT-IR shows that
there is a surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and PEG polymer. The result of
VSM shows the coercivity value is small; hence, the sample is a superparamagnetic material.
The addition of PEG increases the thermal conductivity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
The addition of PEG makes particle size smaller, reduce the agglomeration and increases the thermal conductivity, so that it is potential for magnetic nanofluid applications.
DILI Cases in Registries and Databases: An Analysis of Quality
Authors: Teschke Rolf , Danan Gaby 
Published: March 2021

:
Data quality of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) cases is insufficient in the
US LiverTox database due to the lack of a robust causality assessment method such as the Roussel
Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), not allowing for appropriate use of included cases
by physicians. Despite some shortcomings, case quality is much better in national DILI registries using
the prospective RUCAM, with a few exemptions.
EXPATRIATION AFTER THE TERROR ATTACK: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY FROM HR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shahriar Shamsul Huq Bin , Akter Silvia , Momen Md. Abdul , Sultana Nayeema 
Published: March 2021

Introduction and Main Objective: This study attempted to explain the anxieties from the insights of expatriates and their views related to international assignments in Bangladesh after the Holey Artisan attack in 2016, this study also discusses the immediate and current status of expatriation in Bangladesh. Background Problems: The host countries’ environment plays an important role in accomplishing any overseas assignment. Bangladesh with its ethnicity of warm hospitality has always been an ideal place for expatriates from both novel and similar cultures and environments. Conversely, the recent incidents of terror attacks, notably the major attack at ‘Holey Artisan Bakery’ in 2016 have changed many calculations. Research Method: This qualitative research is a combination of narrative situational analysis and longitudinal study. Primary data was collected through interviews. Findings/Results: Research findings revealed some aftermaths of the attack related to the actions taken by the authority of the state. And how this incident hampered the assignments and work-life balance of the expatriates. Novelty: This particular study contributes to the existing literature of international human resource management with the tools and technics of effective crisis management from the real-life experiences of the expatriates. Conclusion: This study suggests that this is high time for organizations to work on their people and culture management strategies to increase interfaith, intercultural, and multiracial harmony.
SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP: THE CASE OF INSTILLING VALUES IN STUDENTS THROUGH THE KIAI’S PROGRAM IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA
Authors: Fikriyah Fikriyah , Karim Abdul , Huda Muhamad Khozinul 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Value coaching is an inseparable part of education, which can be a powerful means of warding off negative influences in the globalization era. Main objectives: Regarding the importance of value coaching, this study aims to describe Kiai's leadership program in building a value system in Islamic boarding schools (IBS). Background problems: The study was also conducted in response to the existing symptom among young people that shows their ignorance of values and morals in social manners. Novelty: The study on Kiai’s program is intended to cover a value system based on transcendent values in instilling the students’ values. Research Method: This research used a qualitative method, and the research subjects consisted of Kiai, Ustadz (teacher), and Santri (students). The data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were then validated by triangulation and processed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings: The results revealed that the role of the Kiai had designed the value system program from upstream to downstream for IBSs. Conclusion: It is concluded that the projection of Islamic boarding schools in the future is the idealism of the Kiai's thinking, which continues to change and develop in line with the development of the IBSs. This finding's implication is the importance of systematic follow-up of value system implementation to achieve better goals.
Proposta de utilização da pegada hídrica como indicador socioeconômico e ambiental na gestão dos recursos hídricos no estuário do rio Macaé
Authors: Guimaraes Édson Avelar , Nuffer Nunes Elis Regina , Miguel da Silva Vinicius Vanderley , Carvalho Angelica Oliveira , Santos Giseli Gomes dos 
Published: March 2021

A água é recurso essencial à vida e buscar ferramentas capazes de proporcionar uma gestão ambiental mais eficiente desse bem natural associado a questões socioeconômicas, sobretudo em assentamentos sem saneamento básico, torna-se fundamental à luz do preconizado pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, da Agenda 2030 da ONU. Objetiva-se testar a Pegada Hídrica - PH como indicador capaz de auxiliar na gestão dos recursos hídricos associando dados socioeconômicos e ambientais em um assentamento precário marcado por condições de pobreza no estuário do rio Macaé, no município de Macaé, RJ. Além de pesquisas na literatura especializada e em fontes documentais, também foram levantados dados in loco sobre abastecimento de água e condições gerais de saneamento do assentamento precário Rio Novo. A metodologia consistiu em comparar a Pegada Hídrica dos itens que compõem a cesta básica, dada a inexistência de abastecimento domiciliar de água, com a quantidade de água disponibilizada àquela população por meio de caixas d’água comunitária, resultando num valor de Pegada Hídrica superior ao volume de água potável fornecida aos moradores. Diante dos resultados pode-se concluir que a PH tem potencial para avaliar dados ambientais associados a condições socioeconômicas da população local e auxiliar na gestão mais eficiente e equitativa dos recursos hídricos.
A insustentabilidade do trabalho de Sísifo: Observações críticas sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável a partir do caso de Macaé-RJ
Authors: Silva Matheus Thomaz da , Leal Giuliana Franco 
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta uma leitura crítica da noção de desenvolvimento sustentável a partir do caso do município de Macaé, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de uma base teórico-metodológica da epistemologia ambiental e da ecologia política, buscou-se compreender as marcas da colonização e dependência, para então analisar a noção de desenvolvimento, metaforicamente apontada como o trabalho de Sísifo. Com essa base, foi possível destacar os limites da ideia de desenvolvimento sustentável, com uma revisão de literatura e leitura crítica dos documentos “Nosso futuro comum” e Agenda 21. Por fim, obeservou-se o caso de Macaé-RJ, município que teve um crescimento econômico de grandes proporções a partir da última década do século XX, bancado pela consolidação da indústria extrativista de petróleo no local. As contradições indentificadas entre esse crescimento e a noção de desenvolvimento sustentável mostram que o munícipio, mesmo com importantes avanços, não alcançou um desenvolvimento sustentável. Com uma revisão de literatura que trata dos indicadores e questões econômicas, sociais e de sustentabilidade, percebeu-se que Macaé - assim como Sísifo, ao rolar sua pedra, com suor a escorrer pela testa empoeirada – segue obstinada a alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável, sem sucesso.
UMA LEITURA DOS RECORTES ESPACIAIS QUE COMPÕEM O IDH-M: O CASO DOS BAIRROS DAS GRAÇAS E BOA VIAGEM NO RECIFE
Authors: Leão Barros Sandra Augusta , Lins Barros Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Este artigo tem como premissa apresentar, discutir e relacionar as definições acerca dos recortes espaciais utilizados na elaboração e disseminação do Censo Demográfico brasileiro: limite de bairro, setor censitário e unidade de desenvolvimento humano. Associando essas poligonais aos dois bairros estudos de caso: Graças e Boa Viagem no Recife, aplicando e discutindo os números do IDH (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano) e IDHM (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal) obtidos no último censo de 2010. Diante dos resultados obtidos, apontar algumas dificuldades percebidas e sugerir aspectos que poderão ser aperfeiçoados para a elaboração do próximo recenseamento. De forma simples, informativa e explicativa, sem no entanto, perder o caráter científico de uma pesquisa acadêmica.Palavras-chave: recortes espaciais, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M), Graças, Boa Viagem, Recife.A LECTURE ABOUT SPACE´S LIMITS WHICH INTEGRATE THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: THE CASE OF THE BOA VIAGEM AND GRAÇAS NEIGHBORHOODS IN RECIFEAbstract: This article has as premise to present, discuss and relate the definitions about the spatial clippings used in the elaboration and dissemination of the Brazilian Demographic Census: neighborhood limit, census sector and human development unit. Associating these polygonals to the two neighborhoods case studies: Graças and Boa Viagem in Recife, applying and discussing the numbers of the HDI (Human Development Index) and MHDI (Municipal Human Development Index) obtained in the last 2010 census. In view of the results obtained, point out some perceived difficulties and suggest aspects that could be improved for the preparation of the next census. In a simple, informative and explanatory way, however, losing the scientific character of academic research.Keywords: spatial cuts, Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M), Graças, Boa Viagem, Recife.UNA LECTURA DE LOS RECORTES ESPACIALES QUE COMPONEN EL IDH-M: EL CASO DE LOS BARRIOS GRAÇAS Y BOA VIAGEM EN RECIFEResumen: Este artículo tiene como premisa presentar, discutir y relacionar las definiciones sobre los recortes espaciales utilizados en la elaboración y difusión del Censo Demográfico Brasileño: límite vecinal, sector censal y unidad de desarrollo humano. Asociar estos poligonales a los casos de estudio de dos barrios: Graças y Boa Viagem en Recife, aplicando y discutiendo los números del IDH (Índice de Desarrollo Humano) y del IDHM (Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal) obtenidos en el último censo de 2010. A la vista de los resultados obtenidos, señalar algunas dificultades percibidas y sugerir aspectos que pondrían mejorarse para la elaboración del próximo censo. De forma sencilla, informativa y explicativa, sin perder, no obstante, el carácter científico de la investigación académica.Palabras Clave: cortes espaciales, Ìndice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal (IDH-M), Graças, Boa Viagem, Recife.
Emoções para sentir e pensar: interações entre professores e alunos
Authors: Santos Bruna Navarone 
Published: March 2021

Pretende-se compreender o papel das emoções no processo formativo dos jovens de escolas estaduais em Nova Iguaçu, mediante análise de conteúdo de entrevistas semiestruturadas que foram realizadas com dois professores e dois alunos destas escolas. Considerando os sentimentos que expressamos como mediados por normas coletivas implícitas que orientam comportamentos, investiga-se como as emoções nas performances dos docentes e discentes são expressadas para lidar com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Também se analisa alguns significados atribuídos à hierarquia na relação entre educadores e estudantes, e como ocorre a negociação destas posições hierárquicas entre eles no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Moğolların Meyyâfârikîn Kuşatması
Authors: ŞAHİN Mustafa , DEMİR Mert 
Published: March 2021

Cengiz Han’ın ölümünden kısa bir süre sonra Moğol imparatorluğunun toprakları üzerinde dört büyük devlet açığa çıktı. Bu devletlerden biri de merkezi Tebriz olmak üzere Hülagü Han’ın kurduğu İlhanlılardır.
Hülagü, kendisine 1253 yılındaki kurultayda verilen görevi yerine getirmek için yola çıktı. 1256 yılında İsmâilîlere, 1258 yılında Abbâsî Halîfeliği’ne son verdi. Daha sonra üçüncü görevi olan Suriye ve Mısır’ı almak için Azerbaycan’dan harekete geçti. Bağdad kuşatması sırasında Abbâsî Halîfeliği’ne destek olmak amacıyla asker gönderen ve Moğollara tâbi olmayı reddeden Eyyûbîlerin Meyyâfârîkîn hâkimi el-Kâmil’in itaat altına alınması için oğlu Yaşmut’u görevlendirdi. Moğol ordusunda Bedreddîn Lü’lü gibi Müslüman müttefiklerin yanı sıra Ermeni ve Gürcü birlikler de bulunuyordu. Yaşmut, teslim olması için el-Kâmil’e elçi gönderdi. Teklifi reddeden el-Kâmil, sağlam surlara sahip Meyyâfârikîn şehrini, halkıyla yekvücut olup savunmaya başladı. Yaklaşık iki yıl boyunca kuşatma altına alınan Meyyâfârikîn açlık ve susuzluğa mahkûm edildikten sonra teslim olmak zorunda kaldı. Şehir teslim alındıktan sonra burada kalan insanlar Moğollar tarafından katledildi. Hülagü’nün emriyle, el-Kâmil’in vücudundan koparılan et parçaları ağzına verilerek yapılan işkence ile öldürüldü. El-Kâmil’in kesilen başı Suriye’nin büyük şehirlerinde Moğollar ve onların destekçileri tarafından zafer nişânesi olarak dolaştırıldıktan sonra bir mızrağın ucunda takılarak uzun bir müddet teşhir edildi. Ayn-ı Calut Savaşı’nı kazanan Memlûklar onun kesik başını Şam’da defnettiler. Kuşatma ile harap olan Meyyâfârikîn ise uzun bir müddet kendini toparlayamayarak küçük bir şehir halinde kaldı.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; el-Kâmil ve Meyyâfârikîn şehrinin Moğollara karşı direnişin sembolü haline gelmelerini ilim âlemine ayrıntılı şekilde tanıtmaktır.
Hungarian Civil Procedure Provisions during the state of danger
Authors: Pribula László 
Published: March 2021

In March 2020, the Hungarian civil procedure faced an extraordinary challenge by the unpredictable but widely threatening Covid-19 epidemic, which necessitated the introduction of provisions as effective as possible to protect public health. The task was challenging because the public does not only expect the courts to settle the legal disputes righteously, but, based on a century-long development in the history of law, the requirement of verbal and direct hearings has become of accentuated importance. The traditional model of civil cases centres around the public institution of hearings with the simultaneous presence of the judge, the parties, and their representatives, as well as other actors in the case. Simultaneously, the legislator accentuated the importance of concentrated and rapid case management, especially in the past few years. The extraordinary situation caused by the epidemic might have raised the complete close-down of courts. But, as there is no court proceeding without hearings, this solution could not have been acceptable by either the parties seeking to assert their rights or by court employees for reasons of human resources management, as the judgements of legal disputes would have been postponed for an undefined period. The interests of both the citizens seeking justice and the court employees could be fulfilled by a solution that created the conditions of uninterrupted jurisdiction and the avoidance of personal contacts to protect their health. After a necessary period of preparation resulting from the unexpected situation, this extremely difficult issue was solved by the Government Decree 74/2020 (from 31 of March), officially abbreviated as Veir., which did not abrogatethe generally effectual procedure rules, but merely adjusted them to the specificities of the crisis situation. The same happened to the civil procedure too. During the period of the state of danger, in contentious (and noncontentious) cases, depending on the date of bringing of the action, the regulations of either Act III of 1952 (the 1952 Civil Procedure Code, henceforth 1952 Pp.), in force until the 31 of December 2017, or Act CXXX of 2016 (the current Civil Procedure Code, hereafter Pp.), in power from the 1 of January 2018, were applicable, with the amendments included in the government decrees. This different regulation formed the special state of danger procedure law to mitigate the consequences of the epidemic.