bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungsi dan Peran Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Pengembangan Pondok Pesantren di Pondok Pesantren Sukamiskin dan Miftahul Falah Bandung
Authors: Rojak Muhammad Abdul , Solihin Iing , Naufal Ahmad Halil 
Published: February 2021

Kyai is a core factor and a central figure in pesantren because all the organizing of pesantren is centered on him. Individual-charismatic leadership in pesantren for certain purposes is needed, but at the same time can also be a weakness of pesantren. Thus, kyai's functions and leadership roles are seen as important to answer the challenges of the times. Pondok Pesantren Sukamiskin and Miftahul Falah are experiencing developments based on the strong leadership role of kiai in pesantren. The purpose of this research is to find out the functions and leadership roles of kyai in sukamiskin boarding school and Miftahul Falah Bandung. This study uses qualitative descriptive methods. The result of this study is known that Pondok Pesantren Sukamiskin and Miftahul Falah have undergone a leadership transformation by applying the tradition of leadership kyai pesantren which aims to develop pesantren. From the existing thing that kyai leadership role has occurred by not eliminating the characteristics of pesantren.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies for Decision Support in Reproductive Management of Dairy Cattle in Ke
Authors:   Clinical Studies Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences,  University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 Nairobi Kenya., Nakami Wilkister , Tsuma Victor ,   Animal Production and Health Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
Published: February 2021

The human population is expected to double in Africa by 2030 and with it a consequent rise in demand for livestock products. Reproductive technologies improve livestock productivity however, uptake of the technologies has been low in Africa, yet this is where there is a dire need for livestock products as the human population surges. This study aimed to assess knowledge extent and understanding the use of assisted reproductive technologies in decision support for reproductive management of dairy cattle in Kenya. Dairy farmers and veterinary practitioners were interviewed using a questionnaire to obtain relevant data on knowledge, attitude and practices in the use of assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management in dairy farms. Observable heat signs was the only method used by participants to ascertain estrus in a cow. Artificial insemination technique was adopted by all farmers as the breeding method of choice. The analysis highlighted that the respondents with low levels of formal education had less knowledge on reproductive technologies and displayed risky practices. Overall, a larger proportion of respondents indicated that the assisted reproductive technologies would be important in reproductive management. The relatively low levels of awareness, higher levels of education and a willingness to use the assisted reproductive technologies in reproductive management of dairy cattle strengthen the logic of improving productivity through the application of these assisted reproductive technologies as well as improve levels of awareness of reproductive management practices.	Keywords: attitude, heat detection, knowledge, pregnancy diagnosis, practices, progesterone
RECONSTRUCTING THE THINKING PROCESS OF MIDWIFERY CARE MANAGEMENT: AN ADDIE STUDY
Authors: Metha J.M , Oktalia Juli , Desristanto Panca 
Published: February 2021

Background: Midwifery management process has been used as a guideline in clinical learning in midwifery. However, the management process that is used until currently has still been literally adopted from foreign sources which are not necessarily compatible with the understanding of most student midwives in Indonesia.
Purpose: this ADDIE study was therefore intended to formulate steps in the thinking process of clinical midwifery care. From this series of research steps, Nine Steps of J.M. Metha had been successfully composed.
Methods:This ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) study was to formulate a clinical management mindset in midwifery. In the ‘develop’ section, R&D was used to create a product that could be used, for example, in the clinical learning of student midwives. In the ‘implement’ part, snow-ball sampling was used to extract the same anticipated data from the increasing number of participants. Finally, through FGD, participants’ opinions, which were selected from 3 people because of data saturation, were analyzed using a phenomenological approach to see the phenomena that existed in the use of the created products.
Results: The Nine Steps of J.M. Metha were formulated, i.e., See who comes, Listen to the client, Examine the client, Asses the client’s condition, Inform the client about their condition, Plan actions for care, Implement care having planned, Evaluate the care having implemented, and Return to number 1. Based on the opinions of the respondents, these nine steps had already resembled the real midwifery sequences in daily practices. It is then necessary to disseminate this simple, easy to apply midwifery thinking process for the sake of better quality of student midwives and midwifery practitioners.
Conclusion: These Nine Steps of J.M. Metha is likely to be suitable for use on the thinking process for midwifery care measures. A further study is therefore recommended with a larger scope of place and participants.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER KEBANGSAAN GENERASI MUDA BANGSA MELALUI INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN FORMAL, INFORMAL DAN NONFORMAL
Authors: Dewi Dinie Anggraeni 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The current state of corruption should encourage every citizens of the nation, all parties, the leaders of the nation, law enforcement officials, educators and religious leaders, to focus their attention to character building. Character development should be established as part of the national strategy to improve nationâ€™s life. The study begins from my concern about the backwardness of character education in Indonesia. The article concludes that to be successfull, character development should include the participation of three important institutions of social life: family (informal), school (formal) and community (nonformal) so as to create sustainability and harmonization. Keywords: Character nation, Young Generation, Formal Education, Informal Education, Nonformal Education.
ABSTRAK Merajalelanya korupsi menandai bahwa persoalan pendidikan karakter bangsa harus menjadi perhatian semua pihak, pemimpin bangsa, aparat penegak hukum, pendidik dan tokoh-tokoh agama, golongan dan lain sebagainya. Pembangunan karakter harus dibentuk. Latar belakang penulisan, dari keprihatinan penulis tentang persoalan yang dihadapi bangsa Indonesia dalam hal pendidikan karakter bangsa. Dari hasil analisis dan pembahasan, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa pembangunan karakter bangsa jika ingin efektif dan utuh mesti menyertakan tiga institusi, yaitu keluarga (informal), sekolah (formal) dan masyarakat (nonformal) sehingga tercipta kesinambungan dan harmonisasi. Kata Kunci: Karakter Bangsa, Generasi Muda, Pendidikan Formal, Pendidikan Informal dan Pendidikan Nonforma
Tree Physiology, Fruit Growth and Nutrient Elements of Wax Apple (Syzygium Samarangense) as Affected by Branch Bending Angle
Authors: Khandaker Mohammad M. , Ismail Nurul H. , Abdullahi Umar A. , Alam Md.  A. , Badaluddin Noor A. , Mohd Khamsah S. 
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of branch bending angle on the plant physiological characteristics, mineral nutrients accumulation and fruit quality of wax apple. Different treatments with five replicates each by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layouts were arranged in this study. All the treatments represent different branch angles which were at 5˚ (control), 20˚, 45˚, 65˚ and 85˚ from vertical axis. Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD chlorophyll index) was significantly affected by different bending treatments at a budding stage, flowering, fruit development and after harvesting of wax apple. Total soluble solids (TSS) content in the leaves of bent branches increased significantly at before bud development, flowering, fruit ripening and after harvesting stages of wax apple trees. During fruit development and maturation stages, leaf TSS content was decreased in all bent branches. The results showed that 20˚ to 65˚ angle bent branches increase weight and firmness of fruit, fruit diameter and produced dark-coloured fruit compared to control. The results showed that 65˚ bent branches give the highest potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) content in the fruits. Higher sodium (Na+), iron (Fe2+) and calcium (Ca2+) content in fruits were found in 20˚ bent branches. There was a positive correlation between fruit TSS with Mg2+ (r = 0.70), with Na+ (r = 0.67) and with Ca2+ (0.57) content in the bent branches of wax apple. Fruit TSS content also positively correlated with firmness and peel colour of wax apple fruits. The number of fruit, fruit weight and fruit diameter of wax apple also positively correlated (weak) with leaves TSS content. It can be concluded that 20˚ to 65˚ branch bending angle are promising for enhancing plant physiology, fruit growth and quality of wax apple fruits.
The Common Blood Parasitic Infections of Dromedaries Camelus dromedaries
Authors: Alsaad Kamal M. 
Published: February 2021

Since the old times, the camels are considered as an influential animal used in different purposes, like transportation and the production of a wool, milk, and meat. They can live and settle in different desert conditions all around the world. Blood parasitic infection of one-humped camels Camelus dromedarius, like Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Theileriosis, Trypanosomiasis and Mycoplasmosis, is more common as an infectious diseases transmitted mostly via arthropod ticks and some other ectoparasites. Increase body temperature, progressive haemolytic anaemia, digestive disorders, generalized weakness, and emaciation which might terminate by death are the main characteristics of those diseases, However, An epidemiological studies must always conducted to investigate the occurrence, incidence and the prevalence of those diseases around the world. It could be concluded that, The common blood parasitic infection of camels, could associated with loss of productivity among the affected individuals and might be a zoonotic risk for camel breeders, Clearly, it is of utmost importance to undergo periodical studies to track its prevalence in camels and contact people, The role of veterinary services is also important to advise farmers about the importance of those diseases and to maintain their animals free from ectoparasites by keeping the animals under hygienic conditions. Moreover, Further future programmed control measures will the best and final choice to eliminate these pathologies.
Effect of Computer Usage on Visual Reaction Time in Information Technology Professionals of Bangalore City
Authors: Sini Sreenivasan , M. S. Kusumadevi  
Published: February 2021

Background: Reaction time is the elapsed time between presentation of a sensory stimulus and the subsequent behavioural response. Time taken to respond to visual stimulus gives visual reaction time. In the modern world, the usage of computers for occupational purpose is increasing with increased duration of usage, especially in IT profession. Few studies have been done on reaction time in mobile phone users and video game players, but no study is done in occupational computer users.
Objective: To compare visual reaction time between occupational computer users (use computer for work >40hrs/week) and the controls (recreational computer users : <15hrs/week)
Materials and Method: Study was done on 30 occupational computer users (use computer for work >40hrs/ week) and 30 recreational computer users (<15hrs/week) in the age group 20-35 years, after institutional ethical committee clearance and consent from all subjects. Visual Reaction Time was measured using Human Benchmark Software. Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis and p value <0.05 taken statistically significant.
Results: Results showed a statistically significant decrease in visual reaction time in occupational computer users with a p value of 0.01
Conclusion: Usage of computer for longer hours especially for occupational purpose decreases the visual reaction time in the individuals when compared with those who use it for lesser hours like recreational purpose.
Destinação social de egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos/EJA no município de Campo Azul – MG, no período de 2013 a 2017
Authors: Souza Rayane Medeiros de , Mello Rita Tavares de , Castro e Almeida Shirley Patrícia Nogueira de 
Published: February 2021

Nesse trabalho descrevemos o surgimento da EJA, sua trajetória política, social e educacional, entendendo que a educação escolar é imprescindível para a vida do ser humano, mesmo sabendo que historicamente era privilégio apenas para a classe média e alta. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ampliar a discussão referente à importância da EJA para a promoção da igualdade social. Este estudo teve como fundamentação teórica autores como Haddad e Di Pierro (2000), Soares (1996), Paiva (1983), Freire (1989) e Mello (2015) entre outros que por meio das discussões colaboraram para a escrita deste trabalho. Caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, sendo a mesma de cunho qualitativo, utilizando-se da análise bibliográfica e de fontes documentais e orais, na medida em que processos e documentos afins foram analisados. Evidenciou-se diante dos resultados o importante papel dos professores como mediadores no processo de aprendizagem e motivação dos alunos para a continuação dos estudos.
Palavras-chave: Educação de jovens e adultos. Alfabetização. Pedagogia.
L’affiche d’avant l’affiche
Authors: Cuvelier Laurent 
Published: February 2021

Éléments des décors urbains à l’époque moderne, les affiches du xviii e siècle, qu’elles soient officielles ou privées, permettent d’étudier la constitution a posteriori d’archives urbaines. En effet, ces éphémères qui n’ont pas été systématiquement conservés au xviii e siècle, ne sont constitués en fonds et collections qu’à partir du second xix e siècle. Cet article revient sur la construction de ce statut d’archive urbaine : comment ces affiches sont-elles passées de la paperasse des notaires au statut de source à part entière pour l’étude des villes de l’époque moderne. Il souligne l’importance des collectionneurs et des amateurs de vieux papiers dans ce processus. De plus, si ces imprimés ont longtemps été utilisés pour illustrer des décors urbains ou recréer des « ambiances graphiques » associées à certains événements, ils constituent également des objets à part pour l’historien des villes. Ils permettent en effet de préciser la géographie des lieux de diffusions d’informations et sont liés aux mutations sur le temps long des paysages urbains.
Les projets-types de logements économiques et familiaux homologués par le MRU
Authors: Lescuyer Clémence 
Published: February 2021

La politique d’aide à la construction menée à partir de 1953 avec le plan Courant par le ministère de la Reconstruction et de l’Urbanisme a laissé aux Archives nationales des fonds très riches pour la connaissance de la construction des années 1950 et 1960. La volonté de construire rapidement et à coûts limités tout en assurant une exigence de qualité se reflète en effet dans la mise en place de plans types, puis de projets types homologués et largement diffusés par le ministère, que les constructeurs peuvent utiliser pour bénéficier de subventions de l’État. Précieux pour la connaissance des techniques et des matériaux de construction, ces dossiers reflètent la construction d’un million de logements sortis de terre en quelques années à travers la France entière et leur exploitation n’est pas terminée.
Constitution, conservation et reconstitution d’archives urbaines en temps de catastrophe
Authors: Beauvieux Fleur 
Published: February 2021

Suite au déferlement de la peste à Marseille en 1720, la ville se voit dotée d’un réseau hospitalier afin de prodiguer les secours nécessaires aux malades et de limiter le risque de contagion. Si ces structures précaires n’ont laissé que peu de traces dans les archives, il est cependant possible de reconstituer leur répartition dans l’espace urbain et les principales logiques de leur fonctionnement. En combinant l’analyse des relations de peste écrites par les témoins de la catastrophe à des archives éparses, tant manuscrites que physiques, il apparait un réseau d’hôpitaux de peste et de maisons de convalescence desservant les différents quartiers de la cité, et calqué sur le modèle du lazaret. La logique de l’isolement des contagieux transparait, tant dans la forme architecturale des bâtiments que dans leur aménagement interne.
Documenter la transition environnementale urbaine : sources, méthodes, valorisation
Authors: Frioux Stéphane 
Published: February 2021

Cet article s’appuie sur une expérience de prospection archivistique et de dépouillement des sources ainsi trouvées, dans le cadre d’une recherche collective, le programme ANR TRANSENVIR. L’objectif initial était d’améliorer la compréhension de la place occupée par les villes françaises dans la montée, l’institutionnalisation et la mise en œuvre territoriale de politiques environnementales, au cours d’une moyenne durée que l’on a choisi de qualifier de « transition environnementale ». Face à la collecte de matériaux très variés, et aux limites inhérentes aux moyens humains de l’équipe, il a fallu opérer des choix thématiques et considérer les moyens méthodologiques les plus propices à assurer une valorisation de l’atelier de l’historien, et des premiers résultats de l’analyse des sources.
Corona health-care warriors in India
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Singh Vanya , Mohanty Aroop , Bahurupi Yogesh , Gupta Puneet Kumar 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 has become a global health emergency after its first case in Wuhan city, China. An increasing number of cases and deaths are challenging the health-care system globally. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 disease among health personnel in rapid outbreak in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted using Google Forms through Google platform on-line. A total of 713 health personal allied health-care staff, working in different public and private health-care facilities, was conducted in the mid of April 2020. A structured knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire used to assess health personnel's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19. All instruments were validated and pretested before use. Chi-square test, followed by binary logistic and multivariate regression, was applied to determine factors associated with knowledge scores.

RESULTS:
Seven hundred and thirteen health personnel participated, and 703 (98.6%) participants responded were analyzed for final results. 95.9% of the health personnel were aware about route of transmission and clinical symptoms (95.3%) of COVID-19. 63.7% believed that virus outbreak would be controlled globally and followed standard precautions (81.8%), including wearing the mask. Further, majority (98.3%) of the participants avoided social contact by not going to crowded places and not calling people to their homes (82.2%) during the advisory of the government. In binary logistic regression analyses, the adequate knowledge score found significantly associated with MBBS/bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR]: 2.309, confidence interval [CI]: 1.232–4.324, P < 0.009) and master's degree (OR: 2.944, CI: 1.485–5.835, P < 0.002), working with government health-care facility (OR: 3.662, CI: 1.624–8.285, P < 0.002), and holding a post of a physician (OR: 7.735, CI: 2.210–27.091, P < 0.001) during outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS:
The level of education is associated with adequate knowledge scores among the health personnel. Type of health-care facility and post held in a health-care facility are significant predictors of adequacy of knowledge.
Development and validation of a scale to measure attitude of people toward men in nursing profession
Authors: Sharma Sharma K. , Mudgal Shiv Kumar 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Ancient history mentions the dominance of men in nursing; however, now nursing has a feminine image, and globally more than 90% of nursing workforce is females. Recently, more number of males are attracted to nursing, but there is a paucity of literature on the attitude of people about men in nursing may be because of a lack of measurement scales available for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new scale measuring attitude of people toward men in nursing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and used an exploratory sequential design with an instrument development model. A total of 400 participants were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The reliability, content validity, face validity, and construct validity of this newly developed scale were computed. For data analyses SPSS AMOS version 23 was used for performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

RESULTS:
The new scale “AMnQ” consists of 15 items under three factors: (I) nursing is feministic and professionally low, (II) higher suitability of male nurses in technical and challenging situations, and (III) synonymy of empathy and care with a female. The final model with 15 items of AMnQ scale was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and showed a good fit to data. The Cronbach's α for the overall scale was 0.87, and for Factors I, II, and III, it was 0.80, 0.88, and 0.89, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The “AMnQ” is a valid, reliable scale to assess the attitude of patients, nurses, physicians, and nursing students toward men in nursing. There is an assumption that nursing is a feminine profession; therefore, a valid and reliable scale to measure the attitude of people toward men in nursing will help to generate pieces of evidence on this subject, so that policymakers can make unbiased decisions on liberalizing entry of men in nursing.