bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cactus opuntia as coagulant in treating landfill leachate via coagulation process
Authors: Zainol N A , Syarmimi F N , Zailani S N , Yusoff N A , Ghani A A , Ahmad Sohaimi K S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation treatment is often used for the treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. However, uses a non-environmentally friendly chemical coagulant which is a threat to environment quality, therefore Cactus opuntia is proposed to replace the use of current chemical coagulants such as aluminium sulphate in order to achieve sustainable growth. In this regard, the comparative suitability of Cactus opuntia and alum as coagulants for the treatment of the stabilised leachate of the Padang Siding Landfill Site was evaluated via a series of Jar Test experimental works with a rapid mixing speed of 100 rpm for 3 minutes, a slow mixing speed of 30 rpm for 10 minutes and a set-up period of 30 minutes. In addition, the sludge volume index (SVI) of the treated leachate sample was calculated under optimised conditions. Cactus opuntia was able to remove 66.8 per cent turbidity and 42 per cent COD at optimal pH 2 with a favourable dose of 8000 mg / L, while the optimal pH 5 with a coagulant dose of 8000 mg / L induced 94.5 per cent turbidity and 69 per cent COD reduction from the same leachate sample. In addition, the SVI of alum coagulant was 42.2 while the Cactus opuntia was 4.45 with a relative ratio of alum to opuntia of 9:1. Cactus opuntia may also be proposed as a plentiful coagulant of metal cationic ions such as aluminium, iron and silica elements for the treatment of leachate.
Assessment of water quality and heavy metals in Semenyih River
Authors: Kasmuri N , Mohamad N F S , Jamil S S M , Ahmad R , Santiagoo R , Ramasamy S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Semenyih River has been considered one of Malaysia’s most important rivers, particularly in the Selangor Region. This river has been the primary water supply for Putrajaya’s domestic and industrial activities in Sepang and Hulu Langat District. However, due to the rapid development near the Semenyih River, this stream’s quality has been heavily affected. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI) and heavy metals concentration in the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Semenyih River. The upstream is located at Pening River Village, the middle stream situated at Semenyih Town, and downstream located at Buah River Village. The WQI set by the Department of Environmental Malaysia (DOE) has been used to classify Semenyih River. In-situ and laboratory tests were done in quantifying the WQI. Heavy metals concentration such as chromium, iron, manganese, zinc, and lead were tested for the river samples. From the results obtained, all intake points had fallen into Class III, in which extensive treatment is needed for water supply. Meanwhile, for heavy metals, the downstream sample had shown the highest concentration of heavy metals compared to the upstream and middle stream. Thus, the Semenyih River’s rehabilitation is urgently required to reduce the pollution in preserving the water supply in the Selangor region.
Water quality status of Sungai Petani River, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Hashem Ala Omar Abdulrazzaq , Ahmad Wan Amiza Amneera Wan , Yusuf Sara Yasina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWater is one of crucial natural sources for all livings. However, as the burgeoning population growth and excessive development, the quality of water is deteriorated. Hence, assessing the quality of river water is pivotal not only for determining water quality condition but also identifying polluted areas. This study was conducted to determine water quality status of Sungai Petani River located in Kedah, Malaysia involving three sampling stations (S1, S2 and S3). Six water quality parameters were determined following APHA standard method. The results then assessed following Water Quality Index (WQI) assessment and evaluated based on National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) for Malaysia. Both dry and wet seasons shows increasing index value. In wet season the results were 51.33, 73.06 and 74.76 for S1, S2 and S3 respectively while for dry season index value of 47.97, 58.04 and 69.60 for S1, S2 and S3. Increasing index value from upstream to downstream (S1 to S3) indicates the water quality status was from polluted to slightly polluted (S1 to S3) due to pollutant load from nearby activities. The overall classification for the river water was in class III, the uses for this classification water are water supply with the need for an extensive water treatment and fishery and livestock drinking.
Development of rainfall-runoff modelling using the HEC-HMS at the catchment of Kelantan River, Malaysia
Authors: Armain M Z S , Hassan Z , Mohd Remy Rozainy M A Z , Harun S , Azam N S , Mahyun A W , Salwa M Z M , Kamarudzaman A N , Seman N A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The simulation of rainfall-runoff is important to be analysed at the Kelantan River catchment as flood is one of the common natural disasters in Kelantan. Sustainable water management in this region is only feasible following the availability of reliable information on the rainfall-runoff and other hydrological determinants that affect the water system. This study aims to evaluate the effects of extreme rainfall on the runoff at the catchment of the Kelantan River where recurrent floods have been occurring since 1988 to 2019. The study employs the remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) integrated with the Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modelling Systems (HEC-HMS) to delineate the catchment line and simulate the river discharge. The observed discharge is used during the calibration and validation process to evaluate the performance of the integrated model. The model performed satisfactorily by obtained R2 with the range of 0.80-0.97 and 0.64-0.93 in each sub-catchment during the calibration and validation period. The finding indicates that the developed HEC-HMS model has the ability to simulate event-based runoff.
Comparison between activated carbon and sand filtration method for water quality enhancement: A case study
Authors: Chan M R A A , Kasmuri N , Ahmad R , Santiagoo R , Ramasamy S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Urbanization is regarded as the development of a country, and this process brings modernization of society with a positive impact. Nowadays, housing developments need to include green spaces towards a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, some of the developers choose to build projects near the existing recreational area or surface water environments. Hence, the transformation and expansion of residential and economic activities near waterbodies such as lakes and rivers have lowered the quality of this surface water system. Moreover, severe environmental pollution has been worsened especially in surface water located in urban areas. This study aims to determine the water quality status of Metropolitan Lake, Kuala Lumpur before and after the treatment of activated carbon and sand filtration method. Here, physical and chemical characteristics were conducted for in-situ and laboratory analysis. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS) and turbidity of water samples were taken in-situ. Meanwhile, parameters of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were determined in the laboratory. Before the treatment process, the classification of water quality index (WQI) for the sample of Metropolitan Lake, Kuala Lumpur was in class IV. However, after the two treatments of activated carbon and sand filtration, the water class of WQI has improved to class II. Thus, it is important to enhance the water quality through pre-treatment on the surface water system as this source of water is vital for water security and ecosystem surroundings.
Enhancement of water quality using natural coagulant in Shah Alam Lakes, Malaysia
Authors: Hassan R A , Kasmuri N , Ahmad R , Santiagoo R , Ramasamy S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Drinking water shortage has become a significant problem in urban areas due to the growth of population and high economic activities. It is known that Shah Alam is the city and the state of Selangor, Malaysia. This city has the most manufacturing sector and services with a huge number of inhabitants. Thus, this urban area needs to have sufficient clean water supply. However, the raw water needs to undergo several water treatments processes before it can safely distribute to the residents. This untreated water from incoming surface waters contains suspended particles that need to go through the water treatment process, and most importantly, the coagulation and flocculation process. Normally, aluminum sulfate (alum) or polymer were added as the coagulant for the treatment of untreated water. However, due to health concerns, natural coagulants have been preferred to replace the conventional method. This natural coagulant is environmentally friendly and has no side effects if being consumed. This research aims to investigate the optimum condition of natural coagulant (Moringa oleifera) for the treatment of surface water from Shah Alam Lakes in Selangor Region, Malaysia. These lakes can be a potential source of water if water shortage occurs. At first, the characteristics of the water samples were determined. Later, the sample of surface water from the lakes was examined with the jar test for the coagulation-flocculation process using Moringa oleifera with different concentrations. The water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, suspended solids, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand were evaluated. From the results obtained, Moringa oleifera can be considered as suitable alternatives to replace chemical coagulants for a sustainable water treatment system.
Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from clamshell as active ingredients in sunscreen product
Authors: Ghazali Saidatul Radhiah , Rosli Nur Hidayah , Hassan Lili Shakirah , Helmi Rozaini Mohd Zul , Hamzah Habibah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Commercially, Avobenzone and Oxybenzone act as absorber of UVA and UVB while titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the physical “blockers” of UV radiation in sunscreen formulation. These active ingredients are known to cause photo-allergic reactions, while others are suspected as estrogen disrupters. Due to this concern, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is derived from clam shell in order to replace Avobenzone and Oxybenzone as organic component in UV absorber. The HAp has arisen as potential candidates to replace synthetic chemicals in sunscreens due to its properties that contain calcium, phosphate, chitin and protein that gives a great result in absorbing UV light. HAp is added into emulsion of sunscreen lotion and analyzed using thermal, spectroscopy and skin analysis in order to determine the potential results. The use of this biomaterial namely HAp is an alternative for the safe, organic, less chemical and good cosmetic product.
Relationship between WQI, heavy metal and sedimentation in Sg Kenau, Kuantan, Pahang using WQ-HeMeS Model
Authors: Nadiatul Adilah A A G , Aisyah Z Siti , Ramadhansyah P J , Noram Irwan R , Mahyun A W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between water quality of river with heavy metal and sediment content in Sungai Kenau at Pahang using new developed model named WQ-HeMeS. Through this study, water quality has been analysed by using Water Quality Index (WQI) & National Water Quality Standard for Malaysia (NWQS). Water quality of river in Sungai Kenau have been observed by several test which are Dissolve Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Suspended Solid, Phosphorus and Nitrogen as Nitrate. Meanwhile, the sedimentation rate was determine using Schoklistch method and Duboy method. There are 2 condition for heavy metal considered in the analysis which are heavy metal in water and heavy metal in sediment. Heavy metal in water was tested using laboratory tools named as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) while heavy metal in sediment have been determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The classification of heavy metal in water have been done based on NWQS meanwhile heavy metal in sediment were observed based on Index of Geo-Accumulation and Metal Contamination Factor. After collecting all result from lab testing, the the relationship of water quality, sedimentation rate and heavy metal rate both in water and sediment was determine using generated model. Based on Malaysia WQI Standard, the result shown that water in Sungai Kenau is classified as Class I which means as for water supply, there are no treatment is necessary.
Identification of underground river with microtremor method in Dersono karst area, Pacitan
Authors: Bahri A S , Abdullah M I U S , Aliyan S A , Purwanto M S , Widodo A , Hilyah A , Fajar M H M , Hardyani P V , Sunardi  , Alita E W , Rahmat M , Nurfitriana I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many islands in Indonesia are formed due to the lifting of the seafloor which forms limestone lithology and forms karst morphology. The karst region has a large freshwater potential that accumulates in the underground river system. The existence of an underground river system as a water reservoir is very important in fulfilling the needs of the community, especially in island countries such as Indonesia that have many karst regions. Research to map the position and distribution of underground rivers is carried out by applying geophysical methods. One of the geophysical methods applied is the microtremor method. The working principle of this method is the identification of underground rivers based on Particle Motion method and Time Frequency Analysis (TFA). That analysis resulted in the particles movement direction that perpendicular to the vibration source which is identified as the underground river. The existence of the underground river is then validated based on the TFA parameters of the underground river karst region. The results of the Particle Motion analysis at the research location show the character of the river flow pattern that has a Northeast-Southwestern orientation, and based on TFA there is amplitude continuity in the river flowed area with a frequency range of 4 - 5 Hz and an amplitude of 2,000 dB – 20,000 dB on component Z (vertical).
Laminated mahogany and teak wood as construction materials for fishing vessels
Authors: Wahidi S I , Pribadi T W , Arif M S , Raharja G B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The significant increase of Teak wood price causes the high price of fishing vessels made from intact Teak wood so that it is necessary to replace the Teak wood as the main material in fishing vessels. The traditional construction of fishing vessels has negative impact such as decreasing quality of the material due to heat treatment of wood, so that laminated wood technology with cold treatment is one solution to maintain and strengthen wood material. Mahogany wood is one of the woods that can be used as an alternative material for fishing vessels according to the Indonesian Classification Bureau, but some people assume that Mahogany is not suitable as an alternative for Teak wood due to differences in the durability of wood in seawater, so the research will be conducted on lamination of Mahogany and Teak as a material to build fishing vessel. This study carried out tensile and bending tests in accordance with ASTM standards for laminated material. Based on the results of test, the laminated material of Mahogany and Teak has an average tensile strength of 96.56 MPa, bending strength of 72.38 MPa and specific gravity of 0.82 gr/cm2. According to the regulations of the Indonesian Classification Bureau the laminate material of Mahogany and Teak meets minimum tensile strength and bending strength, equivalent with Strength Group II-III and can be used for the entire construction section of the fishing vessel. From the economic aspect it is estimated that the cost to build a 3 GT fishing vessel around IDR 44,927,656 (USD 3,160).
Impact of rice-biased policy on local food system in Kepulauan Tanimbar District, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Nurfitriani N , Hindersah R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Kepulauan Tanimbar District of Maluku Province, various local food is being replaced by rice which impact on change in food consumption pattern from local food to rice. A study in Latdalam Village, Kandar Village, and Saumlaki City have been carried out to assess whether rice-biased policy has an impact on the Kepulauan Tanimbar community, specifically explored on the effect to local food system. The method of the study was qualitative within case study design supported by primary and secondary data. This study found that the policy not only affect change in food consumption pattern but also threaten the existence of a local food system in Kepulauan Tanimbar community. They no longer depend on their local food system and fulfill food supply from other regions instead.
Optimization of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed seeding system by aquaculture
Authors: Rahayu D S , Koentjoro M P , Isdiantoni  , Ekawati I , Prasetyo E N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is the main commodity of the cultivation in Madura-East Java. The preparation of qualified seeds of seaweed is one of the efforts in increasing its production. Conventional method of water nursery that has been carried out has several weaknesses, which are susceptible to pest and fluctuationg climate. The application of aquaculture method is one of the main ways to improve the quality and quantity of seaweed seeds through nutrient enrichment and the optimization of environmental factors measured in seawater as media. Therefore, in this research, the media optimization of K. alvarezii seaweed seeding was carried out by aquaculture. The condition in optimizing seaweed seeding was determined by setting the culture condition according to the environmental parameters where seaweed was taken. The method used in this study was TMAMQ test to measure the antioxidant capacity, the total of phenol, biomass and TPC test. This result of this research was obtained through morphological observation of seaweed growth with the provision of a recirculation system, 0.05M urea and UV-filter showed the most excellent performance observed from the number of talus growth, in addition, UV-filter could help it inhibit the growth of microbes that were proven through total colony test in the medium of seawater after entering UV, it did not show microbial growth.
Psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal communities: a systematic review
Authors: Palupi L S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has experienced numerous disasters for the past five years. Disasters not only happen in the urban area and rural area but also in the coastal area. Coastal communities are prone to a natural disaster such as tsunami. The tsunami not only causing infrastructure damage but also physical and psychological damage to the victims. Psychological preparedness could help to reduce the risk of the devastating impact of a disaster. However, there is not much research that investigates the topic. Aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of articles that discuss about psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal communities. The research was done using meta-analysis method to assess studies that discuss about psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal communities. It is tried to identify the psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal community construct that existed and the measurement tools that were used. It is found that psychological preparedness for disaster of coastal communities was a construct that were not clearly defined. However, several researchers had tried to develop a tool to measure psychological preparedness for disaster in general. However, there are no study that is contextually bound to coastal communities.
Psychological wellbeing of coastal communities in Surabaya: a preliminary study
Authors: Palupi L S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Happiness is the term that are linked with psychological wellbeing that were also associated with quality of life. The united nation includes wellbeing as one of the goals that are stated in its sustainable development goals (SDG). The SDGs were goals that are provided by the UN as a shared blue print for the country members to attain the goals in order to generate peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and in the future. There is a need to set a strategy to attain the SDGs which one of it is to improve a person wellbeing. Therefore, aim of this study is to identify psychological wellbeing of the coastal communities in Surabaya that will become the basis of strategies to improve a person psychological wellbeing especially in the context of coastal communities.
Hydro-oceanographic mapping to support coastal eco-tourism activities in Bawean Island, East Java
Authors: Armono H D , Sujantoko  , Hidayah Z , Nuzula N I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bawean is a small island located around 80 miles north of Gresik, East Java Province, Indonesia. In the recent years, the island is renowned as a new destination for marine and coastal eco-tourism. Sustainable eco-tourism management in a small island is a very important concept not only for increasing income of local people but also in protecting the island itself from environmental degradation due to natural and anthropogenic factors. This paper discusses the methodology of mapping the hydro-oceanographic condition of Bawean Island. In this respect a methodology to analyze the suitability of the island and formulate strategies towards sustainable management of Bawean Island as a coastal eco-tourism destination will also be discussed.
Sturdy and modular concept of 2 in 1 public furniture design by recycling massive plastic waste
Authors: Priandika B S , Kuswanto D , Zulaikha E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A large amount of plastic waste in Indonesia has not been properly managed. From this phenomenon a solution is needed, namely creating a product made from plastic waste to reduce the massive amount of available plastic waste. The product that is potentially high to be developed and can make use of large amounts of plastic waste is public furniture. Considering the use of public furniture will be managed by the local government, the condition of the waste recycled products will be easier to preserve. To develop the plastic waste-based public furniture, a few procedures were carried out, such as observations to city parks, conducting interviews with the local government and with a plastic recycling company, studying the plastic physical properties, conducting experiments on the plastic waste treatment, benchmarking furniture that utilizes plastic waste, and analyzing park visitor activity. From the obtained data, an analysis of material selection was carried out based on the fulcrum strength and resistance to crack and weather. After that, the exploration of forms was carried out with the criteria of modular, sturdy, multi-configuration, and unity. The result of this study is the design of 2 in 1 public furniture (park bench and planter) which consists of 3 modules that can be arranged according to needs. One set of modules weighs 17 kgs.