bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and negative affectivity in infancy
Authors: Sammallahti Sara , Holmlund-Suila Elisa , Zou Runyu , Valkama Saara , Rosendahl Jenni , Enlund-Cerullo Maria , Hauta-alus Helena , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , El Marroun Hanan , Tiemeier Henning , Mäkitie Outi , Andersson Sture , Räikkönen Katri , Heinonen Kati 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigher maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy is associated with better child mental health. Negative affectivity, an early-emerging temperamental trait, indicates an increased risk of psychopathology. We investigated if maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neonatal cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with Negative affectivity in infancy. We studied term-born infants from the vitamin D Intervention in Infants study (VIDI, n = 777, follow-up rate 80%, Finland), and the Generation R Study (n = 1505, follow-up rate 40%, Netherlands). We measured maternal serum 25(OH)D at 6–27 weeks (VIDI) or 18–25 weeks (Generation R) of pregnancy, and cord blood 25(OH)D at birth (both cohorts). Caregivers rated infant Negative affectivity at 11.7 months (VIDI) or 6.5 months (Generation R) using the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Using linear regression, we tested associations between 25(OH)D and Negative affectivity adjusted for infant age, sex, season of 25(OH)D measurement, maternal age, education, smoking, and body-mass-index. Per 10 nmol/l increase in maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25(OH)D, infant Negative affectivity decreased by 0.02 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.06, − 0.004) in VIDI, and 0.03 standard deviations (95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01) in Generation R. Cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with Negative affectivity in Generation R (− 0.03, 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.01), but not VIDI (0.00, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.02). Lower maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were consistently associated with higher infant Negative affectivity, while associations between cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations and Negative affectivity were less clear. Maternal vitamin D status during early- and mid-pregnancy may be linked with early-emerging differences in offspring behavior.
Network models to improve robot advisory portfolios
Authors: Giudici Paolo , Polinesi Gloria , Spelta Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRobot advisory services are rapidly expanding, responding to a growing interest people have in directly managing their savings. Robot-advisors may reduce costs and improve the quality of asset allocation services, making user’s involvement more transparent. Against this background, there exists the possibility that robot advisors underestimate market risks, especially during crisis times, when high order interconnections arise. This may lead to a mismatch between investors’ expected and actual risk. The aim of this paper is to overcome this issue, taking into account not only investors’ risk preference but also their attitude towards interconnectdness. To achieve this aim, we combine random matrix theory with correlation networks and extend the Markowitz’ optimisation problem to a third dimension. To demonstrate the practical advantage of our proposed approach we employ daily returns of a large set of Exchange Traded Funds, which are representative of the financial products employed by robot-advisors.
Seemingly Unrelated Interventions: Environmental Management Systems in the Workplace and Energy Saving Practices at Home
Authors: Arimura Toshi H. , Iwata Kazuyuki , Katayama Hajime , Sakudo Mari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo reduce their environmental impacts, a growing number of organizations worldwide have implemented environmental management systems (EMSs). In these organizations, energy conservation activities become usual behaviors for employees; thus, we hypothesize that employees continue such energy saving behaviors at home. This hypothesis is supported by data from surveys of individuals in Japan. Specifically, we find that the probability of engaging in energy saving practices at home is higher and that expenditures on electricity use are lower for individuals who work in organizations that implement EMSs than for individuals who do not work in organizations with EMSs. Our results suggest that beyond the original purpose of helping organizations reduce their environmental impacts, EMSs work as an intervention to promote household energy saving.
Socioecology Explains Individual Variation in Urban Space Use in Response to Management in Cape Chacma Baboons (Papio ursinus)
Authors: Bracken Anna M. , Christensen Charlotte , O’Riain M. Justin , Fehlmann Gaëlle , Holton Mark D. , Hopkins Phil W. , Fürtbauer Ines , King Andrew J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe presence of wildlife adjacent to and within urban spaces is a growing phenomenon globally. When wildlife’s presence in urban spaces has negative impacts for people and wildlife, nonlethal and lethal interventions on animals invariably result. Recent evidence suggests that individuals in wild animal populations vary in both their propensity to use urban space and their response to nonlethal management methods. Understanding such interindividual differences and the drivers of urban space use could help inform management strategies. We use direct observation and high-resolution GPS (1 Hz) to track the space use of 13 adult individuals in a group of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) living at the urban edge in Cape Town, South Africa. The group is managed by a dedicated team of field rangers, who use aversive conditioning to reduce the time spent by the group in urban spaces. Adult males are larger, more assertive, and more inclined to enter houses, and as such are disproportionately subject to “last resort” lethal management. Field rangers therefore focus efforts on curbing the movements of adult males, which, together with high-ranking females and their offspring, comprise the bulk of the group. However, our results reveal that this focus allows low-ranking, socially peripheral female baboons greater access to urban spaces. We suggest that movement of these females into urban spaces, alone or in small groups, is an adaptive response to management interventions, especially given that they have no natural predators. These results highlight the importance of conducting behavioral studies in conjunction with wildlife management, to ensure effective mitigation techniques.
An Educational Reconstruction of Special Relativity Theory for Secondary Education
Authors: Kamphorst Floor , Vollebregt M. J. , Savelsbergh E. R. , van Joolingen W. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEinstein’s derivation of special relativity theory (SRT), based on hypothetical reasoning and thought experiments, is regarded as a prime example of physics theory development. In secondary education, the introduction of SRT could provide a great opportunity for students to engage in physics theorizing, but this opportunity is largely being missed in current teaching practice. One reason could be that secondary students lack some knowledge of electromagnetism that was central to Einstein’s argument. Therefore, we conducted an educational reconstruction to develop a teaching approach that would not rely on advanced understanding of electromagnetism, yet retain the modes of reasoning that were characteristic of Einstein’s approach. In our reconstruction, we identified the light postulate, which is notoriously difficult for students to grasp, as a central concept. We developed a teaching and learning sequence in which students perform relativistic thought experiments and try different interpretations of the light postulate. Through these activities, students experienced how the new concepts meet the requirements for a good theory. Experimental evaluation of the teaching and learning sequence indicates that this can be a fruitful approach to introduce SRT to secondary students.
Introduction of advanced laparoscopy for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement and the outcome in a University Hospital
Authors: van Laanen J. H. H. , Litjens E. J. , Snoeijs M. , van Loon M. M. , Peppelenbosch A. G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters can be obstructed by omental wrapping or migration, leading to catheter malfunction. Multiple catheter placement techniques have been described. Advanced laparoscopy with fixation of the catheter and omentum has been reported to improve functional outcome compared to basic laparoscopy without fixation. This feasibility study describes surgical technique, complications, and comparison of the functional outcome of advanced versus basic laparoscopic catheter placement.

Methods
Between July 2016 and April 2019, the advanced laparoscopy technique was applied in all eligible patients. Two experienced surgeons placed the catheters in a standardized procedure. Peri-operative complications and functional outcome of the catheter were scored. Results were compared to a historical cohort retrieved from our RCT performed earlier using basic laparoscopy.

Findings
The basic laparoscopic group (BLG) consisted of 46 patients and the advanced laparoscopic group (ALG) of 32. Complication rate in both groups was similar and low with 7% in the BLG and 6% in the ALG (p = 1.0). There was a trend toward better functional catheter outcome in the ALG (88%) compared to the BLG (70%) (p = 0.1). Part of the catheter failures in the ALG could be related to the learning curve. After revision surgery, 94% of patients in the ALG had a functional catheter. These findings lead to the set-up of a multi-center randomized-controlled trial, currently running, comparing basic to advanced laparoscopic techniques.
People’s Attitudes Towards the Use of Robots in the Social Services: A Multilevel Analysis Using Eurobarometer Data
Authors: Carradore Marco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRobots have been employed in the industrial sectors for over half a century; however, their appearance in the domestic sphere is a modern phenomenon, occurring in just the last decade. These so-called social robots are carrying out a variety of tasks traditionally carried out by humans, and in contexts in which they must interact with human beings. These kinds of social robots are now being used in the welfare services, providing assistive services and companionship for the infirm or elderly, and even children. Thus, the use of social robots in everyday life has triggered an animated debate about the acceptance of these devices by their end users. In this paper, multilevel analysis is applied using data from the Eurobarometer survey (sample size 27,901, covering 28 countries) to investigate how socio-demographic characteristics and country-level indicators of technological and economic development (the rate of high-technology manufactured exports, the cellular phone subscriptions rate and GDP) influence how robots are accepted in the realm of the social services. The results show that only individual (socio-demographic) and technology acceptance model (TAM) factors influence attitudes towards social robots. The effects of the contextual variables considered were not statistically strong enough to explain the attitudes towards social robots for social services.
Understanding the Increasing Hot Extremes over the Northern Extratropics Using Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Zhang Jiaying , Deng Yi , Wang Na 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The past four decades have seen an increase of terrestrial hot extremes during summer in the northern extratropics, accompanied by the Northern Hemisphere (NH) sea surface temperature (SST) warming (mainly over 10°–70°N, 0°–360°) and CO2 concentration rising. This study aims to understand possible causes for the increasing hot extremes, which are defined on a daily basis. We conduct a series of numerical experiments using the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 model for two periods, 1979–1995 and 2002–2018. The experiment by changing the CO2 concentration only with the climatological SST shows less increase of hot extremes days than that observed, whereas that by changing the NH SST (over 10°–70°N, 0°–360°) with constant CO2 concentration strengthens the hot extremes change over mid-latitudes. The experiment with both SST and CO2 concentration changes shows hot extremes change closer to the observation compared to the single-change experiments, as well as more similar simulations of atmospheric circulations and feedbacks from cloud and radiative processes. Also discussed are roles of natural variability (e.g., Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation) and other factors (e.g., Arctic sea ice and tropical SST).
Water-stained leaves: formation and application as a field indicator of wetland hydrology
Authors: Berkowitz Jacob F. , Pietroski Jason P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWetland delineations conducted in the United States utilize field indicators as proxy measures of the presence or absence of wetland hydrology. Water-stained leaves provide a practical, qualitative field indicator of wetland hydrology; however, the formation of water-stained leaves has not been elucidated. In response, leaves from six tree species were examined under five treatments to investigate the water-staining process and concomitant timeframes. Results indicate that leaf staining occurred within 14-21 days of continuous exposure to wetland waters and sediment under both laboratory and field conditions. Leaf staining was characterized by readily observable shifts in leaf color (i.e., decreasing Munsell hue, value, and chroma) causing the leaves to appear very dark or black. No color shifts associated with leaf staining occurred in treatments exposed to upland conditions. The timeframe associated with leaf staining corresponds with established wetland hydrology criteria requiring a minimum hydroperiod of 14 consecutive days of soil saturation, flooding, or ponding. Leaves exposed to wetland waters and sediment underwent color shifts significantly faster and to a greater extent than leaves inundated with deionized water, likely as a result of increased microbial abundance and the presence of anaerobic conditions in the simulated wetland treatments. Results suggest that water-stained leaves 1) are a useful and reliable wetland hydrology field indicator for wetland delineation purposes, 2) may provide a proxy measure of wetland hydroperiod, and 3) Munsell color measurements can help differentiate between leaves exposed to wetland and upland conditions.
Barriers and Drivers for Mainstreaming Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Risks: The Case of South Korea
Authors: Han Sungju , Kuhlicke Christian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) are seen as a promising adaptation measure that sustainably deals with diverse societal challenges, while simultaneously delivering multiple benefits. Nature-based solutions have been highlighted as a resilient and sustainable means of mitigating floods and other hazards globally. This study examined diverging conceptualizations of NBS, as well as the attitudinal (for example, emotions and beliefs) and contextual (for example, legal and political aspects) barriers and drivers of NBS for flood risks in South Korea. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 experts and focused on the topic of flood risk measures and NBS case studies. The analysis found 11 barriers and five drivers in the attitudinal domain, and 13 barriers and two drivers in the contextual domain. Most experts see direct monetary benefits as an important attitudinal factor for the public. Meanwhile, the cost-effectiveness of NBS and their capacity to cope with flood risks were deemed influential factors that could lead decision makers to opt for NBS. Among the contextual factors, insufficient systems to integrate NBS in practice and the ideologicalization of NBS policy were found to be peculiar barriers, which hinder consistent realization of initiatives and a long-term national plan for NBS. Understanding the barriers and drivers related to the mainstreaming of NBS is critical if we are to make the most of such solutions for society and nature. It is also essential that we have a shared definition, expectation, and vision of NBS.
Das kollektive Ritual als Performance? Die Herstellung von religiöser „Authentizität“ in der differenzierten Gesellschaft
Authors: Pruisken Insa , Loebell Josefa 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag greift Jeffrey Alexanders (2004) These auf, dass die einzelnen Komponenten kollektiver Rituale in der modernen Gesellschaft zwar zunehmend differenziert und somit religiös „entleert“ werden, in der Inszenierung aber „re-fusioniert“ werden können. Das Religiöse wird somit subjektiviert, mediatisiert und eventisiert. Rationalisierungsprozesse wie Organisations- und Marktbildung sowie Digitalisierung treiben diese Entwicklung voran. Im empirischen Teil vergleichen wir drei kollektive Rituale aus dem amerikanischen Evangelikalismus, die unterschiedliche Grade der Differenzierung aufweisen: Im Fall der (1) traditionellen Gemeinde wird religiöse Authentizität aus den engen sozialen Beziehungen innerhalb der Gemeinde und zur Denomination erzeugt. (2) Im Megakirchengottesdienst derLakewood Churchwird Authentizität in der professionellen Event-Inszenierung hergestellt. (3) Die evangelikale Vloggerin hingegen erzeugt Authentizität – und damit eine Bindung an ihr Publikum –, indem Skript und Darstellerin in der Inszenierung vollständig verschmelzen.
Analysis of Inter-particle Contact Parameters of Garlic Cloves Using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Park Donghyeok , Lee Chun Gu , Yang Doee , Kim Daehyun , Kim Joon Yong , Rhee Joong Yong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The discrete element method (DEM) can be used in agricultural fields such as crop sowing, harvesting, and crop transportation. Nevertheless, modeling complex crops as appropriately shaped particles remains challenging. The modeling of particles and the calibration of input parameters are important for simulating the realistic behaviors of particles using the DEM.

Methods
In this study, particle models representing the morphological characteristics and size deviations of garlic cloves were proposed. Additionally, the coefficients of friction were analyzed as the contact parameters of the particles based on the heap formation experiments and simultations of the swing-arm method using 150 garlic cloves.

Results
The simulation results were analyzed that the residual number of particles, a bulk property that can be measured simply in the experiment, is related to the coefficients of friction. In the heap formation experiments with low particle counts, the bulk properties were more clearly differentiated by the residual number of particles than the angle of repose. Moreover, the bulk properties similar to the actual garlic could not be expressed as a spherical particle model. Thus, an equation for predicting the residual number of particles was derived for the non-spherical garlic clove particle model. Five sets of coefficients of friction were presented using the prediction equation, and all the simulation results were close to the actual residual number of particles and angle of repose of the garlic.

Conclusions
Although the sizes of garlic cloves have a wide distribution, appropriate inter-particle contact parameters could be predicted. Therefore, the calibration process of the DEM can be shortened using the proposed prediction equation for the residual number of particles with non-spherical particles.
Multi-objective optimization for autonomous driving strategy based on Deep Q Network
Authors: Hu Tianmeng , Luo Biao , Yang Chunhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutonomous driving is an important development direction of automobile technology, and driving strategy is the core of the autonomous driving system. Most works in this area focus on single-objective tasks, such as maximizing vehicle speed or lane-keeping, and rare attention has been paid to the quality of driving skills. Therefore, a multi-objective learning method is proposed for autonomous driving strategy based on deep Q-network, where two optimization objectives are involved, i.e., vehicle speed and passenger comfort. An end-to-end autonomous driving model is designed by using vehicle front camera images as inputs to the Q-network and makes decisions based on the output Q values. Considering the vehicle speed and passenger comfort, the reward function is designed for multi-objective optimization. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, training and testing are performed in a simulator, and a single-objective strategy with the goal of maximizing speed is designed for comparison. The results show that the proposed multi-objective autonomous driving strategy can strike a balance between vehicle speed and passenger comfort. Compared with the single-objective strategy, the multi-objective strategy has a significant improvement in comfort, while the average speed is only slightly reduced.
Interventions to address loneliness and social isolation in young people: A systematic review of the evidence on acceptability and effectiveness
Authors: Osborn Tom , Weatherburn Peter , French Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLoneliness is prevalent and associated with negative health outcomes in young people. Our understanding of how it can be best addressed is limited. This systematic review aims to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions to reduce and prevent loneliness and social isolation in young people.MethodsSix bibliographic databases were searched; references of included studies were screened for relevant literature. A pre‐defined framework was used for data extraction. Quality appraisal was performed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Data were synthesised narratively.Results9,358 unique references were identified; 28 publications from 16 interventions met the inclusion criteria. The majority of interventions were high intensity, individual or small group interventions, often targeted at specific ‘at risk’ populations. While 14 interventions were associated with a statistically significant reduction in loneliness or social isolation, the heterogeneous measures of loneliness, small sample sizes, short periods of follow‐up and high attrition rates limit evidence on effectiveness. Interventions implemented in more general populations of young people appeared more acceptable than those in specific ‘at risk’ populations.ConclusionHigh intensity interventions are unlikely to be feasible at a population level. Further work is required to develop and evaluate theoretically‐informed loneliness interventions for young people that reach wider audiences.