bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric home confinement due to COVID‐19: Somatic and anxiety spectrum consequences
Authors: Garcia‐Adasme Salvador I. , Cárdenas‐Rebollo José M. , Jimenez‐Perianes Ana , Lalinde Margarita , Jimeno Sara , Ventura Paula S. , Díaz Alvaro , López‐Escobar Alejandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the impact of COVID‐19 related home confinement on the paediatric population by focusing on anxiety, behavioural disturbances and somatic symptoms.BackgroundTo limit the spread of the COVID‐19 outbreak, governments have imposed nationwide lockdowns to prevent direct contact; this has affected everyday lives and activities such as attending school classes. Such isolation may have impacted children’s anxiety levels.Design and MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using a web‐based anonymous questionnaire from 22–26 April, 2020, among children (N = 2,292) in Spain. For children below 7 years of age, parents reported the children’s behavioural, emotional and somatic symptoms and family environment data on a questionnaire designed by the researchers. Children over 7 years answered the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale either independently or with their parents’ assistance.ResultsChildren over 7 years, boys in particular, scored high on the anxiety spectrum. Moreover, participants who knew someone who had suffered from COVID‐19 at home or whose parent was directly involved in the pandemic, obtained higher Total Anxiety scores. Significantly high values were found in all aspects of anxiety among those who feared infection or whose parents been unemployed. Of the children below 7 years, 56.3% had four or more anxiety‐related symptoms, the most frequent of which were tantrums, emotional changes, restlessness and fear of being alone. The number of symptoms reported was significant when someone in the family home had been infected with COVID‐19.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 home confinement had a significant impact on children, causing anxiety, behavioural problems and somatic manifestations.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a key role in screening children who have experience confinement owing to the COVID‐19 pandemic in order to detect early anxiety symptoms using tele‐health. Suitable direct interventions can then be implemented or interdisciplinary manage could be started.
Genome‐wide identification, phylogeny and transcriptional profiling of SNARE genes in Cytospora chrysosperma
Authors: Li Xueyan , Xiong Dianguang , Tian Chengming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are the central components involved in membrane vesicle trafficking to target membranes. The SNARE‐mediated vesicle fusion machinery is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. With the increasing availability of genome sequences, many complete sets of SNAREs have been identified in different organisms. However, SNAREs are still enigmatic in Cytospora chrysosperma, a notorious plant pathogenic fungus that can infect more than 80 forest tree species and cause canker disease. In this study, we identified 22 SNARE candidate genes in C. chrysosperma by using bioinformatics methods. Based on structural and phylogenetic analyses, the members of the SNAREs repertoire of C. chrysosperma were highly conserved as other fungal species, which could be divided into four main subfamilies: Qa‐, Qb‐, Qc‐ and R‐SNAREs. The expression profiles revealed that several of these genes exhibited differential expression during the initial infection stages. For example, CcVam7 was significantly upregulated at 3 days post‐infection (dpi), while CcSec22 was significantly downregulated at 1 and 3 dpi, indicating their putative roles of SNAREs in the infection process. The systematic identification and expression analysis of SNAREs provide insights into the functions of the SNARE genes in C. chrysosperma.
Capillary blood sampling increases the risk of preanalytical errors in pediatric hospital care: Observational clinical study
Authors: Hjelmgren Henrik , Nilsson Anna , Myrberg Ida H. , Andersson Nina , Ygge Britt‐Marie , Nordlund Björn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe blood sampling procedure is complex and prone to failure, as reflected by preanalytical errors in pediatric hospital care. The primary aim was to evaluate if the risk of preanalytical errors was higher with capillary blood sampling than with venous blood sampling, and secondary, explore specific factors associated with preanalytical errors, both overall and stratified by capillary and venous blood sampling.Design and MethodsThis observational pediatric hospital study collected outcomes from medical records and blood sampling surveys from year 2014 to 2016. The risk of preanalytical errors was analyzed with adjusted‐odds ratio (adj‐OR) by multivariable logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOverall, 128 (13%) preanalytical errors were identified among 951 blood samples. The proportion and adj‐OR of errors was significantly higher in capillary compared with venous blood samples, 72 (20%) of 354 versus 56 (9.4%) of 597, p = .001, adj‐OR 2.88 (CI 1.79–4.64). Blood collection with multiple sample tubes was significantly associated with increased risk of preanalytical errors (n = 97 of 601, 16%), while log weight (kg) significantly decreased the risk of preanalytical errors adj‐OR 0.66 (CI 0.50–0.86), indicating a protective effect of increasing weight. However, stratified analyses indicated a protective effect of increasing log weight for venous blood sampling adj‐OR 0.52 (CI 0.38–0.72), but not capillary blood sampling, adj‐OR 1.08 (CI 0.76–1.55).ConclusionThis study indicates that capillary blood sampling collection increases the risk of preanalytical errors. Further, a child's increasing body weight reduced the risk of preanalytical errors, while multiple sample tube collections significantly increased the risk of preanalytical errors.Practice ImplicationsThis new information may help nurses improve their knowledge concerning blood sampling collection in pediatrics. Altogether, this study also indicates that implementing more venous blood sampling and improve the cases of capillary sampling could reduce the number of preanalytical errors in pediatric hospitals.
Spillover Effects of Scandals on Exits from the Catholic and Protestant Churches in Germany
Authors: Frick Bernd , Moser Katharina , Simmons Rob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor decades, the annual numbers of exits of members from the Catholic Church and Protestant Church have been increasing. Closer inspection of diocese‐level data shows that the time‐series pattern of exits is nonlinear with a series of intermediate peaks. This paper uses an event study approach to model the impacts of various scandals on church exit rates. We find that sexual abuse and financial scandals located in the Catholic Church contribute to increased exit rates not just in that Church but also, by way of spillover effects, to higher exit rates of Protestant Church members.
Rule‐free regulation: Exploring regulation ‘without rules’ and apart from ‘deontic categories’
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe , Moroni Stefano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRegulation can occur “with (specific) rules/norms” or “without (specific) rules/norms”. Numerous studies have been devoted to the first option. To the point where “regulation” and “rules” have often been seen to coincide in some academic research, and also in everyday ways of thinking. We deal with the second option in this article: regulation without rules/norms. Namely, a type of regulation by which it is intended to influence others' behaviour without recourse to rules/norms, and without directly altering the “normative environment”.
Urolithiasis in dogs: Evaluation of trends in urolith composition and risk factors (2006‐2018)
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Palm Carrie A. , Segev Gilad , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrolithiasis is a common and often recurrent problem in dogs.ObjectiveTo evaluate trends in urolith composition in dogs and to assess risk factors for urolithiasis, including age, breed, sex, neuter status, urolith location, and bacterial urolith cultures.Sample PopulationA total of 10 444 uroliths and the dogs from which they were obtained.MethodsThe laboratory database at the UC Davis Gerald V. Ling Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory was searched for all urolith submissions from dogs between January 2006 and December 2018. Mineral type, age, breed, sex, neuter status, urolith location, and urolith culture were recorded. Trends were evaluated and variables compared to evaluate risk factors.ResultsCalcium oxalate (CaOx) and struvite‐containing uroliths comprised the majority of all submissions from dogs, representing 47.0% and 43.6%, respectively. The proportion of CaOx‐containing uroliths significantly decreased from 49.5% in 2006 to 41.8% in 2018 (P= .006), with no change in the proportion of struvite‐containing urolith submissions. Cystine‐containing uroliths comprised 2.7% of all submissions between 2006 and 2018 and a significant nonlinear increase in this mineral type occurred over time (1.4% of all submissions in 2006 to 8.7% in 2018;P < .001). Of all cystine‐containing uroliths, 70.3% were from intact male dogs. Age, breed, and sex predispositions for uroliths were similar to those previously identified.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlthough calcium oxalate‐ and struvite‐containing uroliths continue to be the most common uroliths submitted from dogs, a decrease in the proportion of CaOx‐containing uroliths and an increase in the proportion of cystine‐containing uroliths occurred during the time period evaluated.
Effect of feeding strategy on survival, growth, intestine development, and liver status of maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena larvae
Authors: Stejskal Vlastimil , Gebauer Tatyana , Sebesta Roman , Nowosad Joanna , Sikora Mateusz , Biegaj Mateusz , Kucharczyk Dariusz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOptimizing larval rearing protocols is critical to successful intensive fish culture. We compared the efficacy of feeding strategies for larvae of maraena whitefish Coregonus maraena, a promising candidate for intensive aquaculture. Survival, growth indicators, intestine development, and liver status were compared in larvae fed live feed, commercial dried feed, and weaned from live to dried feed at 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 days post hatching (dph). Seven experimental groups in three repetitions used 5,250 larvae (2 dph, initial body weight = 7.4 ± 0.1 mg; initial total length = 13.0 ± 0.1 mm). This 30‐day trial showed initial weaning from live feed (Artemia sp.) to artificial diet after 15 days to be the optimal, with beneficial effects on growth, body weight, and larva yield. No differences in survival rate, size heterogeneity, and or condition factor were observed among groups. Live feed and weaning to artificial diet at the appropriate time was beneficial to intestine development, while feeding on artificial feed only was associated with severe intestine impairment. Liver pathology was not seen in any group.
Multilevel analysis of geographic variation among correlates of child undernutrition in India
Authors: Jain Anoop , Rodgers Justin , Li Zhihui , Kim Rockli , Subramanian SV 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrior research has identified a number of risk factors ranging from inadequate household sanitation to maternal characteristics as important determinants of child malnutrition and health in India. What is less known is the extent to which these individual‐level risk factors are geographically distributed. Assessing the geographic distribution, especially at multiple levels, matters as it can inform where, and at what level, interventions should be targeted. The three levels of significance in the Indian context are villages, districts, and states. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to (a) examine what proportion of the variation in 21 risk factors is attributable to villages, districts, and states in India and (b) elucidate the specific states where these risk factors are clustered within India. Using the fourth National Family Health Survey dataset, from 2015 to 2016, we found that the proportion of variation attributable to villages ranged from 14% to 63%, 10% to 29% for districts and 17% to 62% for states. Furthermore, we found that Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh were in the highest risk quintile for more than 10 of the risk factors included in our study. This is an indication of geographic clustering of risk factors. The risk factors that are clustered in states such as Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh underscore the need for policies and interventions that address a broader set of child malnutrition determinants beyond those that are nutrition specific.
Bayesian‐optimized unsupervised learning approach for structural damage detection
Authors: Eltouny Kareem A. , Liang Xiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) is developing rapidly to fulfill the world's need for resilient and sustainable communities. Due to the current advancements in machine learning and data science, data‐driven SHM is an attractive solution for real‐time damage detection compared to the traditional nondestructive evaluation techniques. However, most widely available data‐driven SHM methods rely on fully or partially simulated data to train the statistical model, and thus require a number of predefined assumptions and parameters, or are not adapted for post‐extreme events damage diagnosis. In this study, we propose a density‐based unsupervised learning approach for structural damage detection and localization. This approach leverages cumulative intensity measures for damage‐sensitive feature extraction for the first time in an unsupervised learning approach. Furthermore, a statistical model construction process is proposed based on kernel density maximum entropy (KDME) and Bayesian optimization. The framework is evaluated in three case studies. The first two involve a numerical three‐story building and a numerical nine‐story asymmetrical building that are both subjected to 100 ground motion excitations while considering environmental variations. The proposed framework is able to detect and localize damage in those case studies with an average accuracy of 92%. The third case study, which contains 44 shake‐table tests of a three‐story frame structure with masonry infill, is used to experimentally validate the proposed framework in damage detection. The three case studies demonstrate the potential and robustness of the proposed Bayesian‐optimized, multivariate KDME novelty detection framework for detecting and localizing structural damage, especially after extreme events.
Deep semantic segmentation for visual understanding on construction sites
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Zhang Yuyang , Mosalam Khalid M. , Gao Yuqing , Huang Shao‐Lun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVisual understanding on construction sites by deep learning, such as semantic segmentation, is hardly mentioned in the literature due to the severe lack of labeled data sets. To resolve this issue, we collect and label 859 images, including 12 classes of objects in construction activities, from different construction sites. We then adopt DeepLabV3+ on this data set with modifications. We leverage the Cityscape data set to pretrain the model, and then fine‐tune it on our collected data set. Moreover, multiple data augmentation techniques are utilized to expand the training data set. Our model reaches 0.6467 mean intersection over union (mIoU) and 92.62% mean pixel accuracy (mPA) in the out‐of‐sample test with the capability of processing over 45 frames per second with a resolution of pixels. In addition, we develop a synthetic robotic system integrated with red–green–blue (RGB)‐depth camera for visual understanding on sites. It can detect the depth information of objects and has high potential in automated construction and visual surveillance.
Associations between body mass index and height during childhood and adolescence and the risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meyer Julie F. , Larsen Sara B. , Blond Kim , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Bjerregaard Lise G. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBody mass index (BMI) at child and adolescent ages is positively associated with adult coronary heart disease (CHD) whereas height at these ages may be inversely associated with CHD. However, potential effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status on associations between BMI and CHD are less investigated. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of BMI and height at ages 2–19 years in relation to adult CHD and examined effects of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and other factors. Twenty‐two studies on BMI and five on height were included, comprising 5,538,319 individuals and 69,830 CHD events. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted. Child and adolescent BMI were positively associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01, 1.25] per standard deviation [SD]), and categorical analyses supported these findings. The associations did not significantly differ by age, sex, or by adjustment for socioeconomic status. Child and adolescent height were inversely associated with CHD (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% CI [0.81, 0.93] per SD), and categorical analyses agreed. Insufficient studies on height precluded subgroup analyses. Heterogeneity was generally high in all analyses. We found that BMI in youth is positively associated with adult CHD regardless of sex or adjustment for socioeconomic status whereas height is inversely associated with later risk of CHD.
Primary intraosseous carcinoma, NOS arising from a dentigerous cyst: A case report
Authors: Dungarwalla Mohammed M. , Soares Vanessa , Alibhai Mustansir , Jones Judith 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPrimary intraosseous carcinoma, NOS (PIOC), is a rare malignancy which has been described in the maxilla and mandible often arising from odontogenic cysts. The authors describe a case of PIOC arising from a dentigerous cyst associated with a lower right third molar in 78‐year‐old male.AimsTo demonstrate that seemingly innocuous pathology may represent a malignant process. In the presence of ‘red‐flag’ symptoms, one must consider alternative diagnoses and action them accordingly.Findings and DiscussionThe initial clinical and radiographic features suggested a common innocuous presentation, although other features which presented later were suggestive of malignancy. PIOC is treated conventionally by radical surgery to achieve a disease‐free margin with adjuvant neck dissection. In the case described, the patient underwent hemi‐mandibulectomy with neck dissection and fibula free flap reconstruction.ConclusionPathology associated with third molars is extremely common, very occasionally malignancy can mimic these more common conditions. As such, careful clinical examination of the affected site and neighbouring structures (including the lymph nodes of the head and neck) should be routinely performed in all patients. Even in the presence of typical features clinical and radiographic features, tissue samples should be sent for histopathological analysis of what may appear to be harmless follicular or early cystic tissue.
Tracing seed to seedling transmission of the wheat blast pathogenMagnaporthe oryzaepathotypeTriticum
Authors: Martinez Sergio I. , Wegner Alex , Bohnert Stefan , Schaffrath Ulrich , Perelló Analía 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWheat blast caused byMagnaporthe oryzaepathotypeTriticum(MoT), initially restricted to South America, is a global threat for wheat after spreading to Asia in 2016 by the introduction of contaminated seeds, raising the question about transmission of the pathogen from seeds to seedlings, a process so far not well understood. We therefore studied the relationship between seed infection and disease symptoms on seedlings and adult plants. To accomplish this objective, we inoculated spikes of wheat cv. Apogee with a transgenic isolate (MoT‐DsRed, with the addition of being resistant to hygromycin). We identified MoT‐DsRed in experiments using hygromycin resistance for selection or by observation of DsRed fluorescence. The seeds from infected plants looked either apparently healthy or shrivelled. To evaluate the transmission, two experimental designs were chosen (blotter test and greenhouse) and MoT‐DsRed was recovered from both. This revealed that MoT is able to colonize wheat seedlings from infected seeds under the ground. The favourable conditions of temperature and humidity allowed a high recovery rate of MoT from wheat shoots when grown in artificial media. Around 42 days after germination of infected seeds, MoT‐DsRed could not be reisolated, indicating that fungal progression, at this time point, did not proceed systemically/endophytically. We hypothesize that spike infection might occur via spore dispersal from infected leaves rather than within the plant. Because MoT‐DsRed was not only successfully reisolated from seed coats and germinating seeds with symptoms, but also from apparently healthy seeds, urgent attention is needed to minimize the risks of inadvertent dispersal of inoculum.
Effect of progressive muscle relaxation on adaptation to old age and quality of life among older people in a nursing home: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kütmeç Yilmaz Cemile 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChanges occurring in the aging process, the presence of decline in physical and cognitive functions, and the limitations of participation in activities affect adaptation to old age and the quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises on adaptation to old age and the quality of life of older people.MethodsA randomized controlled trial design was used. The sample consisted of 45 older residents (21 intervention subjects, 24 controls) from a nursing home in a city of Turkey. The intervention group received progressive muscle‐relaxation sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks, while the control group received routine care. All PMR exercises were led by the researcher. All participants were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks using the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly and the Nottingham Health Profile.ResultsAs a result of PMR exercises performed for 8 weeks, the Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly and Nottingham Health Profile total mean scores of the intervention group improved significantly (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed, however, when comparing the intervention and control groups in terms of the level of adjustment to old age and health‐related quality of life, either at baseline or following the intervention (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that progressive muscle relaxation can increase adaptation to old age and the quality of life and of older people in a nursing home.
Getting Interdisciplinary Teams into the Field: Institutional Review Board Preapproval and Multi‐Institution Authorization Agreements for Rapid Response Disaster Research
Authors: Peek Lori , Tobin Jennifer , van de Lindt John W. , Andrews Anne 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article describes an interdisciplinary community resilience research project and presents a case study that supports bringing researchers together before a disaster to develop plans, procedures, and preapproved Institutional Review Board (IRB) protocols. In addition, this article explains how researchers from various academic institutions and their federal agency partners can effectively collaborate by creating an IRB Authorization Agreement (IAA). Such preparations can support interdisciplinary rapid response disaster fieldwork that is timely, ethically informed, and scientifically rigorous. This fieldwork preplanning process can also advance interdisciplinary team formation and data collection efforts over the long term.