bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid safety assessment and mitigation of radiofrequency induced implant heating using small root mean square sensors and the sensor matrix Qs
Authors: Silemek Berk , Seifert Frank , Petzold Johannes , Hoffmann Werner , Pfeiffer Harald , Speck Oliver , Rose Georg , Ittermann Bernd , Winter Lukas 
Published: August 2021

PurposeRapid detection and mitigation of radiofrequency (RF)‐induced implant heating during MRI based on small and low‐cost embedded sensors.Theory and MethodsA diode and a thermistor are embedded at the tip of an elongated mock implant. RF‐induced voltages or temperature change measured by these root mean square (RMS) sensors are used to construct the sensor Q‐Matrix (QS). Hazard prediction, monitoring and parallel transmit (pTx)‐based mitigation using these sensors is demonstrated in benchtop measurements at 300 MHz and within a 3T MRI.ResultsQS acquisition and mitigation can be performed in <20 ms demonstrating real‐time capability. The acquisitions can be performed using safe low powers (<3 W) due to the high reading precision of the diode (126 µV) and thermistor (26 µK). The orthogonal projection method used for pTx mitigation was able to reduce the induced signals and temperatures in all 155 investigated locations. Using the QS approach in a pTx capable 3T MRI with either a two‐channel body coil or an eight‐channel head coil, RF‐induced heating was successfully assessed, monitored and mitigated while the image quality outside the implant region was preserved.ConclusionSmall (<1.5 mm3) and low‐cost (<1 €) RMS sensors embedded in an implant can provide all relevant information to predict, monitor and mitigate RF‐induced heating in implants, while preserving image quality. The proposed pTx‐based QS approach is independent of simulations or in vitro testing and therefore complements these existing safety assessments.
Ultrasound assisted lumbar intrathecal administration of nusinersen in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy: A case series
Authors: Zanfini Bruno Antonio , Catarci Stefano , Patanella Agata Katia , Pane Marika , Frassanito Luciano , Filipponi Eleonora , Mercuri Eugenio , Sabatelli Mario , Draisci Gaetano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIntrathecal nusinersen administration can be challenging in certain adult spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients with difficult spinal anatomy who require imaging techniques (fluoroscopy or computed tomography scans) or invasive approaches (catheter placement, laminotomy) to identify the intrathecal space. We used ultrasound (US) assistance to access the lumbar intrathecal space in patients with SMA who experienced previous difficulties or failures with intrathecal dosing.MethodsEighteen adult patients with difficult spines were enrolled. We used US assistance, and we recorded the successful administrations, number of attempts, procedure times, and “patient satisfaction.”ResultsThere were 57 consecutive successful nusinersen spinal administrations in all patients enrolled. In 50% of patients, two or fewer attempts were needed to obtain a successful administration, with four or fewer attempts in 83.3%; only three patients reported more than four attempts because of both severe scoliosis and severe spine rotation (two patients) and obesity (one patient). The mean procedure time was 11.8 min (range, 1.7–28.9). Patient satisfaction was 4.97/5 (range, 4–5; median, 5) on Likert scale at 5 min and at 72 h. No major adverse events were reported, and two post dural puncture headaches were managed with medical therapy and with complete resolution within 72 h.DiscussionUS assistance seems to be a valid option among treatment choices for intrathecal nusinersen administration in patients with difficult spine. The absence of radiation exposure and the lack of need for intravenous sedation or general anesthesia are additional potential advantages to US assisted administration.
Direct Synthesis of Allyl Amines with 2‐Nitrosulfonamide Derivatives via the Tsuji‐Trost Reaction
Authors: Bon Corentin , Arimondo Paola B. , Halby Ludovic 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Tsuji‐Trost Reaction is a palladium‐catalysed allylation of nucleophiles that consists in the reaction of a nitrogen, carbon or oxygen‐based nucleophiles with an allylic substrate bearing a leaving group. Here we present the use of 2‐nitrosulfonamide derivatives as nucleophile, which are reactive under mild conditions. 2‐nitrosulfonyl groups are well‐known dual protective activator groups easy to introduce in any type of amine substrates. The resulting 2‐nitrosulfonamide derivatives are ideal substrates for the Tsuji‐Trost reaction to afford a convenient and flexible access to primary and dissymmetric secondary allyl amines. The optimised procedure is flexible (for solvent, temperature, functional groups) and has been applied with good to excellent yield to access to a wide range of allyl amine derivatives.
Consistency and inconsistency in the foreign policy of the Republic of South Africa towards Israel
Authors: Rapanyane Makhura B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe subject of South Africa‐Israel relations has always been a considerable scholarly topic that is amongst the ongoing academic and policy makers' debates. This is because of the uncertainties and confusion that exists in South Africa's foreign policy stance on Israel in the contemporary period. In this secondary data‐based research article, the author analyses the historical relations between South Africa and Israel with Palestine in question. The central aim is to analyse the consistencies and inconsistencies historically and contemporarily shown by South Africa's foreign policy towards Israel. The article looked at the pre‐and post‐apartheid governments' foreign policy positions. The author argued that there is no gainsaying that South Africa had good relations with Israel during apartheid. These relations only became unstable when South Africa adopted democracy, but scholars still observe a lot of uncertainties on South Africa's Israeli foreign policy stance, particularly in the context of Palestine in question. This is especially in economic and political links which still exist between the two countries. Afrocentricity as a theoretical lens has been adopted. The results show that whilst the pre‐democratic apartheid government enjoyed good relations with Israel; the new democratic government has continuously had unstable relations with Israel. The article concluded that whilst the African National Congress (ANC) government is policy conflicted on relations with Israel; it though enjoys economic engagement with their so‐called internationally condemned apartheid Israel. The initial recommendation made was that the new democratic ANC government should make a firm policy stance on Israel to clear any policy confusion.
Effect of graphene oxide on tensile and flexural properties of carbon/glass hybrid fiber‐reinforced polymer composite
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Gao Xiaoping , Li Hongxia , Wu Wei , Sun Shiyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article, we used the biaxial warp‐knitted carbon/glass hybrid fibers as the reinforcement, the epoxy resin as the matrix, and the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer‐molding technique to prepare composite materials modified with different mass fractions of graphene oxide (GO) to investigate the influence of GO on the mechanical properties of carbon/glass hybrid fiber reinforced composites. The tensile and bending properties of the samples along the 0° and 90° directions were tested experimentally, and the macro‐ and micro‐morphology characteristics of the fractured specimens were observed. The influence of GO modification on the strength and modulus of the composite material was analyzed. The results showed that GO modification improves the bonding strength of fiber/resin interface, tensile, and bending properties. Notably, when the filling content was 0.25 wt%, the tensile strength along the 0° and 90° directions increased by 8.97 and 4.78%, respectively. Similarly, the tensile modulus increased by 15.19 and 10.74%, respectively. Besides, the bending strength along the 0° and 90° directions increased by 10.70 and 9.60%, respectively, whereas the bending modulus increased by 9.62 and 15.20%, respectively. Therefore, the GO‐modified carbon/glass hybrid fiber‐reinforced composite materials exhibit improved mechanical properties, hence can be applied in wide range of applications.
Enhancing the healing ability and charge transport thermal stability of a diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymer by incorporating coumarin groups in the side chains
Authors: Yu Xiaobo , Li Cheng , Gao Chenying , Chen Liangliang , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new design strategy for healable polymeric semiconductors, which are demanding for the future flexible electronics, by incorporating coumarin groups in the polymer side chains. The selection of coumarin groups is based on the fact that photo‐dimerization can occur to coumarins upon UV light irradiation, thus side chains of conjugated polymers with coumarins can be cross‐linked. The photo‐crosslinking of side chains has negligible effect on the thin film morphology and interchain packing order for the DPP‐based conjugated polymer PDPP4T‐DCM with coumarins in the side chains. However, the photo‐crosslinking can facilitate the repair of the mechanically damaged thin film of PDPP4T‐DCM and the recovery of the semiconducting properties. Additionally, the photo‐crosslinking due to the coumarins in the side chains can lock thin film morphology and thus improve the thermal stability of charge transport.
Impact of selection regime and introgression on deltamethrin resistance in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti – a comparative study between contrasted situations in New Caledonia and French Guiana
Authors: Cattel Julien , Minier Marine , Habchi‐Hanriot Nausicaa , Pol Morgane , Faucon Frederic , Gaude Thierry , Gaborit Pascal , Issaly Jean , Ferrero Emma , Chandre Fabrice , Pocquet Nicolas , David Jean‐Philippe , Dusfour Isabelle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPyrethroid insecticides such as deltamethrin have been massively used against Aedes aegypti leading to the spread of resistance alleles worldwide. In an insecticide resistance management context, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of deltamethrin resistance using two distinct populations carrying resistant alleles at different frequencies. Three different scenarios were followed: a continuous selection, a full release of selection, or a repeated introgression with susceptible individuals. The responses of each population to these selection regimes were measured across five generations by bioassays and by monitoring the frequency of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the transcription levels and copy number variations of key detoxification enzymes.RESULTSKnockdown resistance mutations, overexpression and copy number variations of detoxification enzymes as a mechanism of metabolic resistance to deltamethrin was found and maintained under selection across generations. On comparison, the release of insecticide pressure for five generations did not affect resistance levels and resistance marker frequencies. However, introgressing susceptible alleles drastically reduced deltamethrin resistance in only three generations.CONCLUSIONThe present study confirmed that strategies consisting to stop deltamethrin spraying are likely to fail when the frequencies of resistant alleles are too high and the fitness cost associated to resistance is low. In dead‐end situations like in French Guiana where alternative insecticides are not available, alternative control strategies may provide a high benefit for vector control, particularly if they favor the introgression of susceptible alleles in natural populations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
An unusual cause of pleural effusion
Authors: Shih Chi‐Wei , Lin Yi‐Jia , Yang Hung‐Yi , Liu Chia‐Hsin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe a case of human herpes virus‐8‐associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) in a patient initially presented with fever, non‐productive cough and exertional dyspnoea. Physical examination revealed oral thrush, diminished breath sounds and dullness on percussion over the left hemithorax. A thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed left‐sided massive pleural effusion without tumour masses or lymphadenopathy. The effusion was drained and cytology showed medium to large lymphoid cells, with prominent nucleoli and irregular nuclear contours. Meanwhile, his HIV was tested positive. Cell block immunostaining of the pleural effusion revealed these cells were CD45 (+), CD30 (+), MUM1 (melanoma‐associated antigen [mutated] 1) (+), LANA (latency‐associated nuclear antigen) (+) and EBER (Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded small RNAs) in situ hybridization (−). This case highlights the learning point that PEL in the setting of HIV/AIDS should be added in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained oropharyngeal candidiasis and malignant lymphomatous pleural effusion without a clear primary site.
Clique minors in graphs with a forbidden subgraph
Authors: Bucić Matija , Fox Jacob , Sudakov Benny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe classical Hadwiger conjecture dating back to 1940s states that any graph of chromatic number at least r has the clique of order r as a minor. Hadwiger's conjecture is an example of a well‐studied class of problems asking how large a clique minor one can guarantee in a graph with certain restrictions. One problem of this type asks what is the largest size of a clique minor in a graph on n vertices of independence number at most r. If true Hadwiger's conjecture would imply the existence of a clique minor of order . Results of Kühn and Osthus and Krivelevich and Sudakov imply that if one assumes in addition that G
is H‐free for some bipartite graph H then one can find a polynomially larger clique minor. This has recently been extended to triangle‐free graphs by Dvořák and Yepremyan, answering a question of Norin. We complete the picture and show that the same is true for arbitrary graph H, answering a question of Dvořák and Yepremyan. In particular, we show that any ‐free graph has a clique minor of order , for some constant depending only on s. The exponent in this result is tight up to a constant factor in front of the term.
Four‐term progression free sets with three‐term progressions in all large subsets
Authors: Pohoata Cosmin , Roche‐Newton Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper is mainly concerned with sets which do not contain four‐term arithmetic progressions, but are still very rich in three‐term arithmetic progressions, in the sense that all sufficiently large subsets contain at least one such progression. We prove that there exists a positive constant c and a set which does not contain a four‐term arithmetic progression, with the property that for every subset with , contains a nontrivial three term arithmetic progression. We derive this from a more general quantitative Roth‐type theorem in random subsets of , which improves a result of Kohayakawa–Łuczak–Rödl/Tao–Vu. We also discuss a similar phenomenon over the integers. Finally, we include another application of our methods, showing that for sets in or the property of “having nontrivial three‐term progressions in all large subsets” is almost entirely uncorrelated with the property of “having large additive energy.”
Realizing High‐Performance Li‐S Batteries through Additive Manufactured and Chemically Enhanced Cathodes
Authors: Zheng Matthew , Gao Xuejie , Sun Yipeng , Adair Keegan , Li Minsi , Liang Jianneng , Li Xiaona , Liang Jianwen , Deng Sixu , Yang Xiaofei , Sun Qian , Hu Yongfeng , Xiao Qunfeng , Li Ruying , Sun Xueliang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerous efforts are made to improve the reversible capacity and long‐term cycling stability of Li‐S cathodes. However, they are susceptible to irreversible capacity loss during cycling owing to shuttling effects and poor Li+ transport under high sulfur loading. Herein, a physically and chemically enhanced lithium sulfur cathode is proposed to address these challenges. Additive manufacturing is used to construct numerous microchannels within high sulfur loading cathodes, which enables desirable deposition mechanisms of lithium polysulfides and improves Li+ and e‐ transport. Concurrently, cobalt sulfide is incorporated into the cathode composition and demonstrates strong adsorption behavior toward lithium polysulfides during cycling. As a result, excellent electrochemical performance is obtained by the design of a physically and chemically enhanced lithium sulfur cathode. The reported electrode, with a sulfur loading of 8 mg cm‐2, delivers an initial capacity of 1118.8 mA h g‐1 and a reversible capacity of 771.7 mA h g‐1 after 150 cycles at a current density of 3 mA cm‐2. This work demonstrates that a chemically enhanced sulfur cathode, manufactured through additive manufacturing, is a viable pathway to achieve high‐performance Li‐S batteries.
Environment characterization and genomic prediction for end‐use quality traits in soft white winter wheat
Authors: Aoun Meriem , Carter Arron , Thompson Yvonne A. , Ward Brian , Morris Craig F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnd‐use quality phenotyping is laborious and expensive, thus, testing may not occur until later generations in wheat breeding programs. We investigated the pattern of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction for end‐use quality traits in soft white wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and tested the effectiveness of implementing genomic selection to optimize breeding for these traits. We used a multi‐environment unbalanced dataset comprised of 672 breeding lines and cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, which were evaluated for 14 end‐use quality traits. Genetic correlations between environments based on factor analytic models showed low‐to‐moderate G × E interaction for most traits but high G × E interaction for grain and flour protein. A total of 40,518 single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers were used for genomic prediction. Genomic prediction accuracies were high for most traits thereby justifying the use of genomic selection to assist breeding for superior end‐use quality in soft white wheat. Excluding outlier environments based on genetic correlations between environments was more effective in increasing genomic prediction accuracies compared with that based on environment clustering analysis. For kernel size, kernel weight, milling score, ash, and flour swelling volume, excluding outlier environments increased prediction accuracies by 1–11%. However, for grain and flour protein, flour yield, and cookie diameter, excluding outlier environments did not improve genomic prediction performance.
Heteroleptic cuprous complexes of a diimine MePBO ligand and their structure influence on phosphorescent color: Syntheses, structure characterizations, properties and TD‐DFT calculations
Authors: Dai Ding‐Qiu , Song Li , Liang Yu , Wang Jian‐Teng , Zhou Yi‐Ming , Shen Hang‐Yan , Chai Wen‐Xiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThree new heteroleptic [Cu(NN)P2]+ type cuprous complexes 1–3 were designed and synthesized by utilizing a diimine ligand 5‐methyl‐2‐(2′‐pyridyl)‐benzoxazole (MePBO) and different phosphine ligands PPh3 (1), m‐Tol3P (2) and POP (3), (PPh3=triphenylphosphine, m‐Tol3P=tris(3‐methylphenyl)phosphine, POP=bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether), respectively. All complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic analysis (IR, UV‐Vis), elemental analysis, and photoluminescence study. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that complexes 1–3 all adopt discrete cation complex structure with a tetrahedral CuN2P2 coordination geometry with diverse P−Cu−P angles. Their UV‐Vis absorption spectra exhibit a blue‐shift sequence under the enlarging of P−Cu−P angle from 3 to 2 then to 1. The PL emission peak wavelengths of 1–3 also present similar blue‐shift sequence (3→1/2). Their microsecond PL lifetime indicates that their PL behavior belongs to phosphorescence. TD‐DFT calculation and wavefunction analysis illuminate that the S1 and T1 states of 1–3 should all be assigned as (ML+L′L)CT states. Their UV‐Vis absorption and phosphorescence should be attributed to the charge transfer from the P−Cu−P segment to the MePBO ligand. Therefore, as P−Cu−P angle increases (lower HOMO), the energy of S1 and T1 states also increase, following the change of PL color. Additionally, the steric hindrance from substituents of phosphine ligand, as well as extra strong intra‐molecular π−π stacking interactions should effectively inhibit nonradiative decay so that an abnormal PL emission blue‐shift is observed from 1 to 2.
Reading the footprints of the B-meson flavor anomalies
Authors: Cornella Claudia , Faroughy Darius A. , Fuentes-Martín Javier , Isidori Gino , Neubert Matthias 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the recent LHCb announcement of a 3.1σ violation of lepton- flavor universality in the ratio RK = Γ(B → Kμ+μ−)/Γ(B → Ke+e−), we present an updated, comprehensive analysis of the flavor anomalies seen in both neutral-current (b → sℓ+ℓ−) and charged-current (b → $$ c\tau \overline{\nu} $$
cτ

ν
¯

) decays of B mesons. Our study starts from a model-independent effective field-theory approach and then considers both a simplified model and a UV-complete extension of the Standard Model featuring a vector leptoquark U1 as the main mediator of the anomalies. We show that the new LHCb data corroborate the emerging pattern of a new, predominantly left-handed, semileptonic current-current interaction with a flavor structure respecting a (minimally) broken U(2)5 flavor symmetry. New aspects of our analysis include a combined analysis of the semileptonic operators involving tau leptons, including in particular the important constraint from Bs-$$ {\overline{B}}_s $$

B
¯

s

mixing, a systematic study of the effects of right-handed leptoquark couplings and of deviations from minimal flavor-symmetry breaking, a detailed analysis of various rare B-decay modes which would provide smoking-gun signatures of this non-standard framework (LFV decays, di-tau modes, and B → K(*)$$ \nu \overline{\nu} $$
ν

ν
¯

), and finally an updated analysis of collider bounds on the leptoquark mass and couplings.