bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of increasing color variety on numerosity estimation and counting
Authors: Li Qi , Ting Guo , Kikuno Yuichiro , Kazuhiko Yokosawa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious research has suggested that numerosity estimation and counting are closely related to distributed and focused attention, respectively (Chong & Evans, WIREs Cognitive Science, 2(6), 634–638, 2011). Given the critical role of color in guiding attention, this study investigated its effects on numerosity processing by manipulating both color variety (single color, medium variety, high variety) and spatial arrangement (clustered, random). Results from the estimation task revealed that high color variety led to a perceptual bias towards larger quantities, regardless of whether colors were clustered or randomly arranged. This implies that distributed attention may engage in a global assessment of color richness, with less emphasis on spatial arrangement. In contrast, the effect of color on counting was influenced by spatial arrangement: performance improved with clustered colors but declined with random color distribution. This indicates that color interacts with spatial information to modulate focused attention during serial numerosity processing. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the interaction between numerical cognition and attention, highlighting the need for theories and models of numerical cognition to take into account feature variety and contextual factors, such as the spatial arrangement of features. Additionally, in light of the widespread diversity in real-world environments, our findings could inform strategies to enhance behavioral adaptation to varying environmental conditions.
How accurately can we estimate spontaneous body kinematics from video recordings? Effect of movement amplitude on OpenPose accuracy
Authors: Koul Atesh , Novembre Giacomo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Estimating how the human body moves in space and time—body kinematics—has important applications for industry, healthcare, and several research fields. Gold-standard methodologies capturing body kinematics are expensive and impractical for naturalistic recordings as they rely on infrared-reflective wearables and bulky instrumentation. To overcome these limitations, several algorithms have been developed to extract body kinematics from plain video recordings. This comes with a drop in accuracy, which however has not been clearly quantified. To fill this knowledge gap, we analysed a dataset comprising 46 human participants exhibiting spontaneous movements of varying amplitude. Body kinematics were estimated using OpenPose (video-based) and Vicon (infrared-based) motion capture systems simultaneously. OpenPose accuracy was assessed using Vicon estimates as ground truth. We report that OpenPose accuracy is overall moderate and varies substantially across participants and body parts. This is explained by variability in movement amplitude. OpenPose estimates are weak for low-amplitude movements. Conversely, large-amplitude movements (i.e., > ~ 10 cm) yield highly accurate estimates. The relationship between accuracy and movement amplitude is not linear (but mostly exponential or power) and relatively robust to camera–body distance. Together, these results dissect the limits of video-based motion capture and provide useful guidelines for future studies.
Analysis of Polarized Dust Emission Using Data from the First Flight of SPIDER
Authors: Ade P. A. R. , Amiri M. , Benton S. J. , Bergman A. S. , Bihary R. , Bock J. J. , Bond J. R. , Bonetti J. A. , Bryan S. A. , Chiang H. C. , Contaldi C. R. , Doré O. , Duivenvoorden A. J. , Eriksen H. K. , Filippini J. P. , Fraisse A. A. , Freese K. , Galloway M. , Gambrel A. E. , Gandilo N. N. , Ganga K. , Gourapura S. , Gualtieri R. , Gudmundsson J. E. , Halpern M. , Hartley J. , Hasselfield M. , Hilton G. , Holmes W. , Hristov V. V. , Huang Z. , Irwin K. D. , Jones W. C. , Karakci A. , Kuo C. L. , Kermish Z. D. , Leung J. S.-Y. , Li S. , Mak D. S. Y. , Mason P. V. , Megerian K. , Moncelsi L. , Morford T. A. , Nagy J. M. , Netterfield C. B. , Nolta M. , O’Brient R. , Osherson B. , Padilla I. L. , Racine B. , Rahlin A. S. , Reintsema C. , Ruhl J. E. , Runyan M. C. , Ruud T. M. , Shariff J. A. , Shaw E. C. , Shiu C. , Soler J. D. , Song X. , Trangsrud A. , Tucker C. , Tucker R. S. , Turner A. D. , van der List J. F. , Weber A. C. , Wehus I. K. , Wiebe D. V. , Young E. Y. ,   Spider Collaboration
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using data from the first flight of Spider and from the Planck High Frequency Instrument, we probe the properties of polarized emission from interstellar dust in the Spider observing region. Component-separation algorithms operating in both the spatial and harmonic domains are applied to probe their consistency and to quantify modeling errors associated with their assumptions. Analyses of diffuse Galactic dust emission spanning the full Spider region demonstrate (i) a spectral energy distribution that is broadly consistent with a modified-blackbody (MBB) model with a spectral index of β
d = 1.45 ± 0.05 (1.47 ± 0.06) for E (B)-mode polarization, slightly lower than that reported by Planck for the full sky; (ii) an angular power spectrum broadly consistent with a power law; and (iii) no significant detection of line-of-sight polarization decorrelation. Tests of several modeling uncertainties find only a modest impact (∼10% in σ

r
) on Spider’s sensitivity to the cosmological tensor-to-scalar ratio. The size of the Spider region further allows for a statistically meaningful analysis of the variation in foreground properties within it. Assuming a fixed dust temperature T
d = 19.6 K, an analysis of two independent subregions of that field results in inferred values of β
d = 1.52 ± 0.06 and β
d = 1.09 ± 0.09, which are inconsistent at the 3.9σ level. Furthermore, a joint analysis of Spider and Planck 217 and 353 GHz data within one subregion is inconsistent with a simple MBB at more than 3σ, assuming a common morphology of polarized dust emission over the full range of frequencies. This evidence of variation may inform the component-separation approaches of future cosmic microwave background polarization experiments.
EDGE-INFERNO: Simulating Every Observable Star in Faint Dwarf Galaxies and Their Consequences for Resolved-star Photometric Surveys
Authors: Andersson Eric P. , Rey Martin P. , Pontzen Andrew , Cadiou Corentin , Agertz Oscar , Read Justin I. , Martin Nicolas F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interpretation of data from faint dwarf galaxies is made challenging by observations limited to only the brightest stars. We present a major improvement to tackle this challenge by undertaking zoomed cosmological simulations that resolve the evolution of all individual stars more massive than 0.5 M
⊙, thereby explicitly tracking all observable stars for the Hubble time. For the first time, we predict observable color–magnitude diagrams and the spatial distribution of ≈100,000 stars within four faint (M
⋆ ≈ 105
M
⊙) dwarf galaxies directly from their cosmological initial conditions. In all cases, simulations predict complex light profiles with multiple components, implying that typical observational measures of structural parameters can make the total V-band magnitudes appear up to 0.5 mag dimmer compared to estimates from simulations. Furthermore, when only small (⪅100) numbers of stars are observable, shot noise from realizations of the color–magnitude diagram introduces uncertainties comparable to the population scatter in, e.g., the total magnitude, half-light radius, and mean iron abundance measurements. Estimating these uncertainties with fully self-consistent mass growth, star formation, and chemical enrichment histories paves the way for more robust interpretation of dwarf galaxy data.
Identifying the Coronal Holes in Open Magnetic Field Regions Using Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Guan-Han , Lin Chia-Hsien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Open magnetic field (OMF) regions are the foot points of the field lines extending to infinity. While they are often considered to coincide with coronal holes (CHs), many studies have reported non-negligible inconsistency between the two. The objective of this study is to develop a deep learning model to predict the OMF regions that coincide with CHs, and to examine the importance of different physical quantities on the prediction. The CHs and OMF regions are both identified from the coronal data computed by a magnetohydrodynamic model developed by Predictive Science. Eight physical quantities, colatitude, magnetic flux expansion factor, magnetic field strength, thermal pressure, electron temperature, electron number density, mass density, and local coronal heating rate, at the OMF footpoints are used as the input to the deep learning model. The results of the test set indicate that the model improves the consistency between CHs and OMF regions from 0.33 to 0.81, and that all eight quantities are similarly important when they are all included in the model although the prediction accuracy would be most affected by excluding the colatitude and/or magnetic field strength. Comparison between the histograms of CH and non-CH open field regions indicates that each quantity alone can be used to distinguish the two within the ranges of values where one histogram is much higher than the other.
Understanding the Radio Emission from the β Cep Star V2187 Cyg
Authors: Rodríguez Luis F. , Lizano Susana , Cantó Jorge , González Ricardo F. , Tapia Mauricio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analyze the radio emission from the β Cep star V2187 Cyg using archive data from the Jansky Very Large Array. The observations were made in ten epochs at 1.39 and 4.96 GHz in the highest angular resolution A configuration. We determine a spectral index of of α = 0.6 ± 0.2 (S

ν
∝ ν

α
), consistent with an ionized wind or a partially optically thick synchrotron or gyrosynchrotron source. The emission is spatially unresolved at both frequencies. The 4.96 GHz data show a radio pulse with a duration of about one month that can be modeled in terms of an internal shock in the stellar wind produced by a sudden increase in the mass-loss rate and the terminal velocity. The quiescent radio emission of V2187 Cyg at 4.96 GHz (with a flux density of ≃150 μJy) cannot be explained in terms of an internally (by V2187 Cyg) or externally (by a nearby O star) photoionized wind. We conclude that, despite the spectral index suggestive of free–free emission from an ionized wind, the radio emission of V2187 Cyg most likely has a magnetic origin, a possibility that can be tested with a sensitive search for circular polarization in the radio, as expected from gyrosynchrotron radiation and also by trying to measure the stellar magnetic field, which is expected to be in the range of several kilogauss.
A prospective clinical study to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of dry needling and laser therapy in neck and upper back myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: Külekçioğlu Sevinç 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a disorder of the musculoskeletal system that is distinguished by the presence of pain, tenderness, muscle spasms, restricted joint range of motion, fatigue, and, in rare cases, autonomic dysfunction.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of laser and dry needling (DN) treatments for enhancing cervical joint range of motion, neck pain, and quality of life in patients with active upper trapezius myofascial trigger points who experience persistent neck pain.
Patients and methods: A total of 50 patients who were clinically diagnosed with MPS were included. They were divided into two treatment groups, the DN (n=25) and laser (n=25) groups, by sequential randomization. The parameters used in the study were the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and cervical rotation, flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and extension to determine the cervical range of motion (ROM). Additionally, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life. VAS, NHP, and ROM measurements were performed on patients in both groups before treatment (BF), after treatment (AT), and at 1 month.
Results and conclusion: Both low-level laser therapy and DN were found to be effective in reducing pain intensity, increasing cervical range of motion, and improving quality of life in patients suffering from myofascial pain syndrome.
Correlation between microRNA-21 expression and overweight/obesity
Authors: Sinha Shashwat , Rajendran Babu , Vasagam Shomnath , Balakrishnan Jeyakumar 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Obesity and overweight are chronic conditions characterized by excessive adiposity that negatively impact health. They are among the most significant risk factors for respiratory failure, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. Genetic factors may contribute to some of these conditions, but they are mainly associated with the lifestyle in the majority. However, neither genetics nor lifestyle can fully explain all cases. Recent studies have proven that microRNA-21 causes the systemic hypertension, many cardiac pathologies, and some cancers. MicroRNA-21 is viewed as an important future biomarker for many critical conditions. We explored the role of microRNA-21 in the causation of overweight and obesity. There is conflicting data about this association in the literature. Determining if there is an association may help us in better understanding and managing this condition.
Aim: To determine if there is a link between microRNA-21 expression and body mass index (BMI) in an Indian adult population. We also compared the lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) of participants (grouped by their BMI) to get a better understanding.
Patient and methods: The study was conducted in Pondicherry, India and had 50 participants, with 30 as controls having normal BMI, and 20 categorized as overweight or obese as per BMI.
Results: The microRNA-21 levels in circulation were analyzed using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of microRNA-21 was statistically higher in the overweight/obese cohort compared to the normal BMI individuals (p=0.034). A significant difference was also noted in the total cholesterol levels, with the overweight/obese group having higher values than normal BMI group (p=0.004).
Conclusion: This is the first study of its kind in the Indian population to establish that individuals classified as overweight or obese exhibit higher expression of microRNA-21 and elevated total cholesterol levels compared to those with a normal BMI.
Effect of cold hip bath on gastric motility and constipation-related symptoms in patients with functional constipation: A pilot study
Authors: Shukla Deepa , Rao Raghavendra , Babina N. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Primary or functional constipation (FC) is defined as having symptoms of constipation for more than 6 months without any underlying cause such as medication side effects or an underlying medical condition. The evidence for the efficacy and safety of available treatment options for the management of constipation is limited. Therefore, using non-pharmacological and dietary approaches and changing lifestyle assumes significance. Different non-pharmacological measures are beneficial in functional constipation because they reduce stress, change the lifestyle and improve the constipation symptoms.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of cold hip bath (CHB) on constipation symptoms and gastric motility in individuals with functional constipation.

Materials and Methods:
Participants were recruited from Medicine and Gastroenterology OPD, if they satisfied the eligibility criteria and gave consent to participate in the study. A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental group (16 participants) was given a CHB intervention along with a high-fiber diet for 14 days. The control group (14 participants) followed only a high-fiber diet. Assessments were done for both groups on days 1 and 14. The assessments included were constipation assessment scale (CAS), constipation scoring system (CSS), patient assessment of constipation – quality of life (PAC-QOL), and surface electro gastro gram (EGG). Data Analysis was done using SPSS 20. Determination of significance was done with α = 0.05 or less.

Results:
The results suggested that, in the intervention group, there was a significant reduction in CAS (P < 0.001), CSS (P < 0.001) and PAC-QOL (P = 0.001) scorings compared to the control group. There were not many significant changes in EGG, but within the group, in the control group, there were significant changes in dominant frequency (DF) and also in dominant power (DP) after the water load test throughout the recording. In the intervention group, there were significant changes in DP throughout the recording.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from this study that, CHB along with a high-fiber diet is beneficial to a greater degree in constipation-related symptoms compared to only a high-fiber diet. CHB does not show any significant changes in EGG. Although the present study suggests that there is no significant role of CHB in changing gastric motility, however, due to the limited sample size used in the present study, future studies need to be conducted using a larger sample size regarding the effect of CHB on gastric motility.
Influence of yoga with specific application of restorative yoga on key facets of geriatric health
Authors: Sharma Divya , Sharma B. R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Jara denotes the phase of deterioration that ensues after reaching middle age, usually recognised as the process of ageing. Both Ayurveda and Yoga Shastra prioritise the use of various techniques intended to postpone the commencement of Jara, with the ultimate goal of attaining an extended period of optimal physical and mental health. The utilisation of yoga can generate favourable results for elderly adults, as it can enhance physical strength and flexibility, whereas also functioning as a proactive strategy against pain and damage.

Method:
The examination of the underlying processes that contribute to the impact of yoga on key facets of elderly well-being, together with the application of these discoveries in clinical environments, has very important significance in the current day. This review aims to analyse the impact of Yoga on facilitating healthy ageing by using tailored preventative and therapeutic approaches. The present study is conceptual, relying on material derived from scholarly publications and reputable sources on yoga, in addition to the canonical scriptures

Result:
The all-encompassing character of Ashtanga yoga, Hatha yoga, restorative yoga and its associated practises entails a holistic methodology that incorporates several facets of an individual’s being. The medical use of addressing imbalances caused by illness spans several dimensions, encompassing psychological, social, physical, emotional and spiritual facets. The study of the impact of yama and niyama on the social, emotional and spiritual well-being of older individuals, along with the exploration of how asana and pranayama contribute to the improvement of different bodily systems and the delay of the ageing process, holds significance.

Conclusion:
The present study focussed to examine the underlying mechanism through which an alternative yoga therapy treatment influences the well-being of older individuals. Specifically, this research emphasises the comprehensive nature of the therapeutic system, which emphasises the idea that the later stages of life are marked by heightened wisdom and spiritual development rather than solely physical deterioration.
Role of yoga- and naturopathy-based lifestyle modification in improving the clinical outcomes, vitality and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nair Pradeep M. K. , Silwal Karishma , Yadav Dinesh , Siddiqui Aarfa , Kriplani Sucheta , Sharma Gita , Jagwani Mamta , Sharma Hemanshu , Tewani Gulab Rai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Patient-centred approaches in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are getting greater acceptance across the globe. We explored the impact of a vitality-centric yoga- and naturopathy-based lifestyle programme (YNBLP) on T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 103 participants aged 56.82 ± 10.16 years, who underwent 10 days of YNBLP at a residential setting. The participants were either on anti-diabetic drugs and/or insulin or none. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), body mass index, blood pressure, Visual Analogue Scale Vitality and quality of life (QoL) measures were collected at the baseline and post-intervention.

Results:
Significant changes (P < 0.01) were observed in all the parameters studied. A considerable percentage of participants moved from a poor QoL to a better QoL status post-intervention. We observed a strong positive correlation between vitality and health (ρ = 0.692). Similarly, a weak negative correlation was observed between vitality and FBS (ρ = −0.023); vitality and weight (ρ = −0.003); health status and FBS (ρ = −0.059). A subgroup analysis has shown that the results are consistent amongst all participants irrespective of their medication status.

Conclusion:
A vitality-centric YNBLP improves diabetic-related clinical and QoL outcomes. Furthermore, an increase in vitality has been shown to improve health status and glycaemic control.
Students’ Perceptions on Educational Environment Using DREEM Questionnaire: An Experience from a Private Medical College of West Bengal
Authors: Saha Indranil , Mishra Gaurav Vedprakash , Mandal Ajay Kumar , Ghose Gautam 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Educational environment which consists of several factors such as physical environment (e.g., classroom and equipment), teachers, colleagues, and other student support systems affects students’ academic achievement, happiness, motivation, and success.

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to assess the perceptions of the students regarding the overall educational environment of an institute in terms of the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at IQ City Medical College, Durgapur, West Bengal, for a duration among 5th-, 7th-, and 9th-semester students and interns with complete enumeration method. Out of enrolled 580 students, data could be collected from 407 students with a response rate of 72.5%. Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test were employed to see the differences of scores using SPSS software (version 19.0).

Results:
Overall, the DREEM score varied from 117 to 138 out of a possible score of 200. The score increased with increase in age group. In all other subdomains, the median score was found to be on positive side with few exceptions. Male students and interns had a higher median score in most of the subdomains.

Conclusion:
Although the students had the impression of positive educational environment, there are scopes for further improvement of educational environment.