bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal Payments from Pharmaceutical Companies to Authors of Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Mitchell Aaron P. , Mishra Akriti , Dey Pranam , Curry Michael A. , Trivedi Niti U. , Haddadin Michael , Rahman Mohammed W. , Winn Aaron N. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Bach Peter B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Oncologists who author clinical practice guidelines frequently have financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry. It is unknown whether participation on clinical practice guideline committees is associated with differences in the amounts of industry money received.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study from August 2013 to December 2018. We manually abstracted membership records of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines committees for the 20 most common cancers and linked to Open Payments. The study sample included medical oncologists selected to join an NCCN Guidelines committee (“joiners”) during the study period. Joiners were matched 1:2 to medical oncologists who had no participation on NCCN committees (controls) by gender, NCCN institution, and medical school graduation year. We performed difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation to assess whether selection to an NCCN committee was associated with the dollar value of payments received from industry, using generalized estimating equations to address correlation between matched pairs and between repeated observations of the same pair.

Results
During the study period, 54 physicians joined an NCCN Guidelines committee. These physicians received more payments than matched controls in the year prior to joining ($11,259 vs. $3,427; p = .02); this difference did not increase in the year after joining (DiD = $731; p = .45).

Conclusion
Medical oncologists selected to NCCN Guidelines committees had greater financial ties to industry than their peers. The potential influence of industry in oncology clinical practice guidelines may be reduced through the selection of committee members with fewer ties to industry.

Implications for Practice
Oncologists who author clinical practice guidelines frequently have financial conflicts of interest with the pharmaceutical industry. This creates concern about the potential for industry influence on guidelines. However, it is unknown whether oncologists who author guidelines have greater industry relationships than their peers. This study compared medical oncologists who were newly selected to join a National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines panel with medical oncologists at the same institutions and at similar career stages. At the time they joined, oncologists joining NCCN Guidelines panels had received more than three times the dollar value of industry payments than their peers. The potential for industry influence may be reduced by the selection of less-conflicted panel members.
An integrated multicomponent care model for men affected by prostate cancer: A feasibility study of TrueNTH Australia
Authors: Yates Patsy , Carter Rob , Cockerell Robyn , Cowan Donna , Dixon Cyril , Magnus Anne , Newton Robert U. , Hart Nicolas H. , Galvão Daniel A. , Baguley Brenton , Denniston Nicholas , Skinner Tina , Couper Jeremy , Emery Jon , Frydenberg Mark , Liu Wei‐Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of implementing an integrated multicomponent survivorship care model for men affected by prostate cancer.MethodsUsing a single arm prospective cohort study design, men with prostate cancer were recruited from two regional public hospitals in Australia for a 6‐months program that provided information and decision support, exercise and nutrition management, specialised clinical support, and practical support through localised and central care coordination. Carers of the men were also invited to the program. Data were collected from multiple sources to evaluate: (1) recruitment capability and participant characteristics; (2) appropriateness and feasibility of delivering the specific intervention components using an electronic care management tool; and (3) suitability of data collection procedures and proposed outcome measures.ResultsOf the 105 eligible men, 51 (consent rate 49%) participated in the program. Of the 31 carers nominated by the men, 13 consented (consent rate 42%). All carers and 50 (98%) men completed the program. Most (92%) men were newly diagnosed with localised prostate cancer. All men attended initial screening and assessment for supportive care needs; a total of 838 episodes of contact/consultation were made by the intervention team either in person (9%) or remotely (91%). The intervention was implemented as proposed with no adverse events. The proposed outcome measures and evaluation procedures were found to be appropriate.ConclusionsOur results support the feasibility of implementing this integrated multicomponent care model for men affected by prostate cancer.
Patient characteristics associated with complications during neonatal intubations
Authors: Glenn Tara , Sudhakar Shwetha , Markowski Ashley , Malay Sindhoosha , Hibbs Anna Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionComplications of neonatal intubation are known to be increased with emergent intubations, increased number of attempts, unstable hemodynamics, or ventilation failure; and decreased with use of paralytic medication and videolaryngoscopy. Patient characteristics associated with complications are not well understood.Design/MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed of neonates who underwent intubation between January 2017 and June 2019. Patient characteristics of infants with and without complications were compared. Complications included common adverse events and abnormal vital sign changes occurring during intubation.ResultsA total of 467 intubation encounters in 352 infants were included with median gestational age (GA) at birth of 29 weeks, postmenstrual age (PMA) 33 weeks at intubation, and median weight 1795 g. 41.5% of infants had complications and 58.5% of infants did not. Infants with complications compared to infants without had a median FiO2 of 0.50 versus 0.45 (p = .183), median GA at birth of 29 versus 31 weeks (p < .001), median PMA of 32 weeks versus 33.0 weeks (p = .352), median weight of 1540 g versus 1970g (p = .091), and median chronological age of 3 days versus 1 day (p = .001). Generalized Estimating Equations controlling for administration of paralytic indicated decreased complications in infants ≤21.5 days in chronological age (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69) and increased complications in infants ≤1565 g (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04–2.23).ConclusionPatient characteristics associated with an increased rate of complications included chronological age and weight. Further study is needed to reduce complications.
Comparative protein structure network analysis on 3CLpro from SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Lata Surabhi , Akif Mohd. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main protease Mpro, 3CLpro is an important target from coronaviruses. In spite of having 96% sequence identity among Mpros from SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2; the inhibitors used to block the activity of SARS‐CoV‐1 Mpro so far, were found to have differential inhibitory effect on Mpro of SARS‐CoV‐2. The possible reason could be due to the difference of few amino acids among the peptidases. Since, overall 3‐D crystallographic structure of Mpro from SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 is quite similar and mapping a subtle structural variation is seemingly impossible. Hence, we have attempted to study a structural comparison of SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro in apo and inhibitor bound states using protein structure network (PSN) based approach at contacts level. The comparative PSNs analysis of apo Mpros from SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 uncovers small but significant local changes occurring near the active site region and distributed throughout the structure. Additionally, we have shown how inhibitor binding perturbs the PSG and the communication pathways in Mpros. Moreover, we have also investigated the network connectivity on the quaternary structure of Mpro and identified critical residue pairs for complex formation using three centrality measurement parameters along with the modularity analysis. Taken together, these results on the comparative PSN provide an insight into conformational changes that may be used as an additional guidance towards specific drug development.
Facility siting ‐ negotiating the minefield of “maximum credible event”
Authors: Graham Kristen , Thomas J. Kelly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a case study that compares the results from a consequence‐based facility siting study (FSS) limited to a specified release size as the maximum credible event (MCE) versus a risk‐based study with a range of release sizes and associated frequencies. The results are intended to highlight potential differences in the building siting decisions made using a consequence‐based approach with a limited MCE versus those made with a risk‐based approach. Most recommended practices and other FSS guidance documents advise evaluating MCEs for an FSS. However, there can be uncertainty in MCE selection and the values used in industry span a considerable range. Arguments for limiting the MCE in a consequence‐based FSS to a 2‐in. release include that most accidental releases (i.e., > 95%) are smaller and that a 2‐in. release size is the largest that provides actionable information upon which siting decisions can be made. However, a number of well‐known incidents in industry involve releases larger than 2‐in., which introduces uncertainty as to a reasonable upper‐bound for an MCE. The use of a risk‐based FSS approach effectively eliminates the decision regarding release size since this approach aggregates the full range of operational scenarios and release sizes along with the associated likelihood of failure. Based on the MCE scenario(s) employed and the criteria selected, consequence‐based and risk‐based FSS evaluations for a given site may lead to very different conclusions as to which buildings are considered safe and what types of mitigation actions should be taken.
Microlattice Metamaterials with Simultaneous Superior Acoustic and Mechanical Energy Absorption
Authors: Li Xinwei , Yu Xiang , Chua Jun Wei , Lee Heow Pueh , Ding Jun , Zhai Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe advent of 3D printing brought about the possibilities of microlattice metamaterials as advanced materials with the potentials to surpass the functionalities of traditional materials. Sound absorbing materials which are also tough and lightweight are of particular importance as practical engineering materials. There are however a lack of attempts on the study of metamaterials multifunctional for both purposes. Herein, we present four types of face‐centered cubic based plate and truss microlattices as novel metamaterials with simultaneous excellent sound and mechanical energy absorption performance. High sound absorption coefficients nearing 1 and high specific energy absorption of 50.3 J g−1 have been measured. Sound absorption mechanisms of microlattices are proposed to be based on a “cascading resonant cells theory”, an extension of the Helmholtz resonance principle that we have conceptualized herein. Characteristics of absorption coefficients are found to be essentially geometry limited by the pore and cavity morphologies. The excellent mechanical properties in turn derive from both the approximate membrane stress state of the plate architecture and the excellent ductility and strength of the base material. Overall, this work presents a new concept on the specific structural design and materials selection for architectured metamaterials with dual sound and mechanical energy absorption capabilities.
Supramolecular Tadalafil Nanovaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy by Alleviating Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells and Heightening Immunogenicity
Authors: Zhang Tian , Xiong Honggang , Ma Xianbin , Gao Yuan , Xue Peng , Kang Yuejun , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Xu Zhigang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTumor‐induced immune suppression mediated by myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and insufficient immunogenicity are two major factors for the poor overall response rate to the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here, a tumor microenvironment responsive nanoprodrug (FIT nanoparticles) is presented for co‐delivering tadalafil (TAD) and indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizer to simultaneously targeting intratumor MDSCs and amplifying tumor immunogenicity. The resulting nanoprodrug shows high drug loading (nearly 100%), tumor‐specific release, and robust therapeutic efficacy by virtue of promoting immunogenic cell death (ICD) induction and alleviation of MDSCs for augmenting the photothermal immunotherapy. In an in vivo colon tumor model, the released TAD in the tumor can effectively ameliorate MDSCs immunosuppressive activity, while the photosensitizer ICG is capable of inducing ICD to promote sufficient dendritic cells maturation and T cell infiltration. The results reported here may provide a superior candidate of adjuvants for strengthening immune response and ICB efficacy.
Unusual Compatibility of N‐Reacetylated Oligochitosan with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution with a Wide Range of the Solution pH
Authors: Bezrodnykh Evgeniya A. , Berezin Boris B. , Kulikov Sergey N. , Zelenikhin Pavel V. , Vyshivannaya Oxana V. , Blagodatskikh Inesa V. , Tikhonov Vladimir E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractN‐reacetylated oligochitosan (RA‐oligoCHI) with molecular weight ≤ 12 kDa and a random‐type distribution of acetyl groups can form soluble RA‐CHI/SDS (SDS; sodium dodecyl sulfate) complexes and transparent solutions both in acidic, where RA‐oligoCHI is soluble, and alkaline aqueous media, where RA‐oligoCHI is soluble too, at SDS concentration above its critical micellar concentration. AN antibacterial activity test shows that RA‐CHIs preserve a high bacteriostatic activity toward S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of SDS both in acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions. The discovered compatibility and preservation of antibacterial activity can make promising the application of RA‐CHIs as artificial biocides for the preparation of microbiologically stable pharmaceutical hydrocolloids and cosmetic compositions containing strong anionic surfactants designed for topical applications.
Characterization of Amylose Lipid Complexes and Their Effect on the Dry Grind Ethanol Process
Authors: Bhatia Gitanshu , Juneja Ankita , Johnston David , Rausch Kent , Tumbleson M. E. , Singh Vijay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmylose lipid complexes (AMLs) are likely to form during liquefaction of ground corn in the dry grind process. AML will form under high temperature (≥ 85 °C) and excess water conditions, due to interaction of gelatinized starch with corn lipids. AMLs are resistant to α‐amylase action, resulting in a decrease in starch available for enzymatic hydrolysis. This affects sugar available for fermentation and the final ethanol yield. In this study, the effects of liquefaction temperature, corn particle size, slurry solids content, and different commercial α‐amylases on AML formation are evaluated.AML content in post liquefaction solids (liquefact) is found to decrease from 3.46 to 1.00% as corn grind size is increased from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. Across all slurry solids contents tested (25, 32, and 34%), the mean difference in AML content for all three solids contents is 0.61% when liquefaction temperature is increased to 105 from 85 °C. At 85 °C, liquefact from all three α‐amylases used, had similar AML content. However, when liquefaction temperature is increased to 105 °C, enzyme AA2 had lower AML production compared to other amylases.Overall, increasing liquefaction temperature to above 100 °C had the most predominant effect on reducing AML formation. Optimizing liquefaction parameters can help reduce AML formation and may improve profitability of the dry grind ethanol process.
3‐D base force element method on meso‐damage analysis for recycled concrete
Authors: Ying Liping , Peng Yijiang , Kamel Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe 3‐D base force element method (BFEM) for damage problems is proposed, which is applied to analyze the damage mechanism of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A piecewise curve damage constitutive model is given to simulate the constitutive relationships of RAC phases. A spatial random aggregate model of RAC is proposed. 3‐D numerical simulations of RAC under uniaxial mechanical stress are carried out. The macroscopic stress–strain relationship and failure process of RAC under uniaxial stress based on the 3‐D BFEM are obtained. The numerical results show a good consistency with the experimental results. This illustrates that the numerical simulation can reflect the nonlinearity deformation, stress redistribution, and crack propagation process of RAC. In addition, the influence of recycled aggregate replacement percentage on strength and elastic modulus is investigated. The results show that the content proportion of recycled aggregate has a great effect on RAC, which have to be considered in the analysis and the application of RAC.
Change in cognition and body mass index in relation to preclinical dementia
Authors: Karlsson Ida K. , Zhan Yiqiang , Gatz Margaret , Reynolds Chandra A. , Dahl Aslan Anna K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo study if declining cognition drives weight loss in preclinical dementia, we examined the longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive abilities in individuals who did or did not later develop dementia.MethodsUsing data from individuals spanning age 50 to 89, we applied dual change score models separately in individuals who remained cognitively intact (n = 1498) and those who were diagnosed with dementia within 5 years of last assessment (n = 459).ResultsAmong the cognitively intact, there was a bidirectional association: Stable BMI predicted stable cognition and vice versa. Among individuals who were subsequently diagnosed with dementia, the association was unidirectional: Higher BMI predicted declining cognition but cognition did not predict change in BMI.DiscussionAlthough BMI and cognition stabilized each other when cognitive functioning was intact, this buffering effect was missing in the preclinical dementia phase. This finding indicates that weight loss in preclinical dementia is not driven by declining cognition.
Invisible neutrino decay: first vs second oscillation maximum
Authors: Chakraborty Kaustav , Dutta Debajyoti , Goswami Srubabati , Pramanik Dipyaman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the physics potential of the long-baseline experiments T2HK, T2HKK and ESSνSB in the context of invisible neutrino decay. We consider normal mass ordering and assume the state ν3 as unstable, decaying into sterile states during the flight and obtain constraints on the neutrino decay lifetime (τ3). We find that T2HK, T2HKK and ESSνSB are sensitive to the decay-rate of ν3 for τ3/m3 ≤ 2.72 × 10−11s/eV, τ3/m3 ≤ 4.36 × 10−11s/eV and τ3/m3 ≤ 2.43 × 10−11s/eV respectively at 3σ C.L. We compare and contrast the sensitivities of the three experiments and specially investigate the role played by the mixing angle θ23. It is seen that for experiments with flux peak near the second oscillation maxima, the poorer sensitivity to θ23 results in weaker constraints on the decay lifetime. Although, T2HKK has one detector close to the second oscillation maxima, having another detector at the first oscillation maxima results in superior sensitivity to decay. In addition, we find a synergy between the two baselines of the T2HKK experiment which helps in giving a better sensitivity to decay for θ23 in the higher octant. We discuss the octant sensitivity in presence of decay and show that there is an enhancement in sensitivity which occurs due to the contribution from the survival probability Pμμ is more pronounced for the experiments at the second oscillation maxima. We also obtain the combined sensitivity of T2HK+ESSνSB and T2HKK+ESSνSB as τ3/m3 ≤ 4.36 × 10−11s/eV and τ3/m3 ≤ 5.53 × 10−11s/eV respectively at 3σ C.L.
Spheres to jets tuning event shapes with 5d simplified models
Authors: Cesarotti Cari , Reece Matthew , Strassler Matthew J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hidden sectors could give rise to a wide variety of events at the LHC. Confining hidden sectors are known to engender events with a small number of jets when they are weakly-coupled at high energies, and quasi-spherical soft unclustered energy patterns (SUEPs) when they are very strongly-coupled (large ‘t Hooft coupling) at high energies. The intermediate regime is murky, and could give rise to signals hiding from existing search strategies. While the intermediate coupling regime is not calculable, it is possible to pursue a phenomenological approach in which one creates signals that are intermediate between spherical and jetty. We propose a strategy for generating events of this type using simplified models in extra dimensions. The degree to which the event looks spherical is related to the number of decays produced near kinematic threshold. We provide an analytic understanding of how this is determined by parameters of the model. To quantify the shape of events produced with this model, we use a recently proposed observable — event isotropy — which is a better probe of the spherical regime than earlier event shape observables.
Dispersion formulas in QFTs, CFTs and holography
Authors: Meltzer David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study momentum space dispersion formulas in general QFTs and their applications for CFT correlation functions. We show, using two independent methods, that QFT dispersion formulas can be written in terms of causal commutators. The first derivation uses analyticity properties of retarded correlators in momentum space. The second derivation uses the largest time equation and the defining properties of the time-ordered product. At four points we show that the momentum space QFT dispersion formula depends on the same causal double-commutators as the CFT dispersion formula. At n-points, the QFT dispersion formula depends on a sum of nested advanced commutators. For CFT four-point functions, we show that the momentum space dispersion formula is equivalent to the CFT dispersion formula, up to possible semi-local terms. We also show that the Polyakov-Regge expansions associated to the momentum space and CFT dispersion formulas are related by a Fourier transform. In the process, we prove that the momentum space conformal blocks of the causal double-commutator are equal to cut Witten diagrams. Finally, by combining the momentum space dispersion formulas with the AdS Cutkosky rules, we find a complete, bulk unitarity method for AdS/CFT correlators in momentum space.
The first law and Wald entropy formula of heterotic stringy black holes at first order in α′
Authors: Elgood Zachary , Ortín Tomás , Pereñíguez David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We derive the first law of black hole mechanics in the context of the Heterotic Superstring effective action to first order in α′ using Wald’s formalism. We carefully take into account all the symmetries of the theory and, as a result, we obtain a manifestly gauge- and Lorentz-invariant entropy formula in which all the terms can be computed explicitly. An entropy formula with these properties allows unambiguous calculations of macroscopic black-hole entropies to first order in α′ that can be reliably used in a comparison with the microscopic ones. Such a formula was still lacking in the literature.In the proof we use momentum maps to define covariant variations and Lie derivatives and restricted generalized zeroth laws which state the closedness of certain differential forms on the bifurcation sphere and imply the constancy of the associated potentials on it.We study the relation between our entropy formula and other formulae that have been used in the literature.