bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Adhesion Mechanism for Wall Climbing Robots: Ring Magnet vs. Block Magnets
Authors: Jose Jaise , Sugin Elankavi R , Dinakaran D , Kuppan Chetty R M , Ramya M M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magnetic adhesion is widely used in wall climbing robots on ferromagnetic surfaces. The Ring and block Neodymium magnets provide the necessary adhesion in permanent magnet-based climbing robots. In this article, the effectiveness of ring and block magnets are analysed using FEMM. for various magnet configurations. The adhesion force generated by ring and block magnets of a similar volume is compared and analysed. The results showed that the adhesion of ring magnets increases with the thickness of magnets. The maximum adhesion achieved in various ring magnets was compared with the adhesion generated by the arrangement of block magnets for two standoff distances and it was found that the adhesion generated by the block magnets were better in both cases. The ring magnets have constant standoff distance as per the rubber coating used and this enables them to operate seamlessly on irregular surfaces while the block magnet configurations provide excellent payload capabilities. In summary, numerical simulation results provided an understanding of the areas where the ring magnets can be used and the areas where the block magnets serve the purpose better.
Performance Analysis of Jute Fiber As A Micro Reinforcement
Authors: Naveen Badavath , Logeshwari J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Soil is a base of the construction, which serves to upholds the design from underneath and to appropriates the heap successfully. Creating strength of sub-level has consistently been a huge perspective in highway and geotechnical designing fields. Clay soil has designing properties like low bearing limit and high compressibility. The improvement of soil properties is fundamental. There are numerous stabilizers to improve the strength of soil. In our daily life, it can be seen that the underlying foundations of vegetation (roots) balance out the close surface soil that has low shear strength, basically due to low compelling pressure, on both level and inclining grounds. To improve the strength of subgrade soil, the utilization of characteristic Jute fiber is a high-level technique and they are modest, locally accessible, and biodegradable. This current examination utilizes jute fiber as a stabilizer. Based on experimental data, it is determined that the unconfined compressive strength (UCC) strength of soil increases with adding jute and maximum dry density (MDD) of soil decrease and optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil increases. It is found that jute fiber mixed with soil layer-wise gives better strength as compared to core and random mixing.
Design and Analysis of Cooling Fan to Improvise the Mass Flow Rate
Authors: Aravindkumar N , Rathish R , Vignesh S , Kesavvan K , Kirubha G , Navien Kumaar S , Praveen V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the current era the speed and performance of the systems are the most required thing in all the industries due to development of automation in all the fields. Central Processing Unit is the heart of a system which consists of various electronics components in it, due the presence of these components and their continuous functioning the heat generated in enormous in quantity which badly affects the performance of the CPU. There are many designs of heat sink to improve the efficiency, the commonly used heat sink is cooling fans. The cooling fans are modified from the reference to the existing ones of high performing CPUs. The modified fan has been tested for its performance computationally for different conditions of speed and heats. The performance of all the conditions has been compared and with help of computational fluid dynamics software results. The best design has been opted from the results of computational work and the numerical work was carried out to find the efficiency of the newly modified fans.
Effect of thermal cycling on microstructure and hardness of carbon steel
Authors: Manjunath Yadav S , Kumar Sumit , Pancholi Vivek , Nath Sumeer K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present investigation deals with design of thermal cycling schedule to enhance hardness of 0.26%C carbon steel using thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble® 3800. The specimens were thermal cycled at 775°C for 3 and 7 cycles. Optical micrographs, scanning electron micrographs, X-Ray diffraction patterns of as received steel specimen as well as thermal cycled specimens were reported. The thermal cycling heat treatment causes the refinement of microstructure and is responsible for enhancement in hardness of steel specimen.
Monitoring Drought using Multispectral Remote Sensing – A Case Study
Authors: Vanajith V , Daniel Susan G , Rugma S , Dhanya M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The significance of remote sensing observations in monitoring environmental phenomena is a well-established fact. High resolution satellite images acquired using multispectral sensors contribute greatly in this aspect. In the current study, an illustration of this factor is presented using high resolution multispectral data to analyse drought conditions over Solapur, India. Here, Sentinel-2 data is utilized to estimate indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Vegetation condition index (VCI), which help us to infer the drought situation in the region of interest.
A Review on Smart Traffic Management System
Authors: Indhiradevi P , Saravanakumar P , Varsha R , Shahithya S , Naveen Prabhu S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Traffic congestion could be a condition in transport where it has huge crowds, slows the speed of vehicles and even it increases the vehicular lengths. Traffic congestion on city road networks has increased rapidly, since the 1950s. When the traffic demand is great then the interaction between the vehicles reduces the speed of the traffic and finally results in traffic congestion. To overcome such circumstances in present scenario, smart traffic management system can be initiated and we are in study to find a solution to make traffic free city. This system helps in monitoring the traffic signals and flow of vehicles by means of image processing with CCTV cameras. CCTV cameras help in image processing and identifying the number of vehicles passing in the road surface. It helps in abating the traffic congestion in the road and fuel consumption of the automobiles. Sensors are used for detecting the number of vehicles and speed. By coordinating the CCTV cameras and sensors the collected information can be sent to Variable Message Sign (VMS) Boards. This board displays the information regarding traffic to the road users. It helps in diverting and altering the roads at the earliest where the waiting time is reduced. Though the waiting time is reduced, fuel is consumed automatically. Therefore, reduction in the fuel consumption helps to control the air pollution. By creating the control system and detecting the problems faced in the road, traffic congestion can be reduced and provide traffic free environment. As we face rapid growth of our country’s population, smart traffic management system provides people to have smooth transportation network which would find a way to reach their destination soon and make their journey better forever.
Fiber Reinforced Sustainable Geopolymer Earth brick
Authors: Elavarasan S , Priya A K , Dhinagar R , Engels Pandi P , Gopika K , Gokulasankaran  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of Earth Bricks is at this point not notable despite its enormous inclinations, especially from the biological and legitimacy viewpoints. The massive cost of materials and experienced work has held stopped various people back from working with legitimate and safe advancement procedures. Developing a sensible, safe, and viable design system has become an essential endeavor for primary modelers and experts around the globe. The construction business has consumed a gigantic proportion of typical resources and moreover been responsible for a basic energy use. Earth bricks have the most decreased exemplified energy of any design material and make structures that are unparalleled in energy capability. Later on, where the canny, long stretch energy conservation and comfort material are the objections, Earth brick is the ideal choice for energy capability and strength. The essential objective of this examination is to inspect the effects of using polypropylene fiber, Metakaolin with geopolymer fastener to settle the earth brick. The geopolymer fastener will be a mix of metakaolin and dissolvable plan. Earth Bricks will be offset with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % of polypropylene with geopolymer cover and it will be differentiated and Earth Bricks containing 5% of cement and Metakaolin binder.
Experimental analysis and characterization of Mechanical, Physical properties of Aluminium (Al6061) Metal Matrix composite reinforced with SiC and Al2O3using Stir casting
Authors: Ram Kumar S , Ramakrishnan S , Risvak M , Thauffeek S , Yuvaraj T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal matrix is defined as two or more material mixing with each other, In these constituents, one is mainly metal and the other is non-metals such as ceramics, glass and rubber etc. There is a wide scope for metal matrix composites nowadays. Among various metal matrix composites, Aluminium MMC yields good results, when compared with other MMC (metal matrix composite These reinforcements have much higher strength and wear resistance than pure aluminium. Multiple reinforcements in an aluminium metal matrix composite have a lot of potential. The use of metal matrix composites with Al6061 as parent material and infusion of reinforcements like Carbides, Oxides and Borides have resulted in materials with improved mechanical strength and usability. This paper contains the investigation of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061 and Aluminium 6061 reinforced with SiC, Al2O3particles. In this, we are focusing Al MMC by undergoing various tests such as impact, hardness and tensile tests. In the present work, aluminium matrix hybrid composite of Al6061+ X wt% of Al2O3+ Y wt% of SiC (X = 2.5,5 % and Y = 5,2.5%) was successfully fabricated by stir casting method. The effect of Al2O3and SiC reinforced in the matrix were investigated through tensile test, impact test, hardness values and SEM analysis (for Morphological characteristics) and the best composition of AMMC matrix was determined.
Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium alloy A356 by reinforcing with TiB2 & WC composites
Authors: Kaviyarasan K , Thiyagu S , Shabari V , Saileswaran R , Siva Sankaran S , Sivanesan T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this project, Aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites are processed through stir casting methodology. A356 is reinforced with ceramic particle-like Titanium diboride (TiB2) and Tungsten carbide (WC) in varying weight percentages of 92.5% A356 and TiB2 5% WC 2.5% of Sample 1, A356 90% TiB2 5% WC 5% of Sample 2, A356 100% of Sample 3 through stir casting technique. Under the Vickers hardness test, the Sample consisting of 90% A356 + 5% TiB2+ 5% WC exhibited superior results. Under the Tensile test, the Sample of 90% A356 + 5% TiB2 + 5% WC exhibited higher tensile strength when compared with the remaining two Samples. It is because the ceramic reinforcement particulates are harder than the A356 matrix material. Then the fractured Samples were examined under SEM and fracture mechanisms were studied.
Mechanical and electrical properties of borophene and its band structure modulation via strain and electric fields: a first-principles study
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Wu Rongyao , Xu Tao , Gao Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The basic electronic and mechanical properties of 2-Pmmn borophene and their strain and electric field-dependence are studied by the first-principles calculations. The Young’s moduli are 236 and 89 GPa in the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively, indicating that the borophene has giant mechanical anisotropy. We also find that the borophene presents anisotropic electronic properties. The borophene is electroconductive in armchair direction but has a bandgap in the zigzag direction. To modulate the band structure, we applied strain and electric fields on borophene, and find that, the resistance of borophene decreases with the increase of applied strain, while the applied electric field has almost no effect on its band structure. The enhanced conductivity of borophene upon applied strain is ascribed to the expansion of the buckled structure through the analysis of the charge density of the strained borophene.
Weld zone porosity elimination process of galvanized steel zero-gap lap joints in remote laser spiral welding
Authors: Xiong Wangtao , Zhang Peilei , Yu Zhishui , Yan Hua , Wu Di , Lu Qinghua , Tian Yingtao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The remote Laser spiral welding was utilized to zero-gap lap welding of galvanized steel. The relationship between pores in the weld zone and process parameters were investigated. The combination of high keyhole velocity and small spiral spacing was found to be essential for eliminating porosity in the weld area. As the spiral pitch decreases from 0.7 mm to 0.3 mm, the porosity decreases rapidly from approximately 20% to 0%. When the spiral spacing of 0.3 mm, the porosity reaches an acceptable quality level of less than 1%. The porosity tends to decrease as the keyhole velocity increases from 3 m min−1 to 9 m min−1. At the spiral pitch of 0.3 mm and keyhole velocity of 9 m min−1, the porosity in the weld area is almost completely suppressed. The peak shear strength of the spiral weld without porosity was 8819.8 N and the peak shear strength of the spiral weld with porosity was 5104.3 N. The tensile shear performance was increased by 72.8%. The low porosity caused by the spiral laser beam improves the tensile shear strength of the oscillating weld.
Experimental wavelength-multiplexed entanglement-based quantum cryptography
Authors: Pseiner Johannes , Achatz Lukas , Bulla Lukas , Bohmann Martin , Ursin Rupert 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In state-of-the-art quantum key distribution systems, the main limiting factor in increasing the key generation rate is the timing resolution in detecting photons. Here, we present and experimentally demonstrate a strategy to overcome this limitation, also for high-loss and long-distance implementations. We exploit the intrinsic wavelength correlations of entangled photons using wavelength multiplexing to generate a quantum secure key from polarization entanglement. The presented approach can be integrated into both fiber- and satellite-based quantum-communication schemes, without any changes to most types of entanglement sources. This technique features a huge scaling potential allowing to increase the secure key rate by several orders of magnitude as compared to non-multiplexed schemes.
Automatic reading recognition system of pointer meters using WSNs with on-sensor image processing
Authors: Hou Liqun , Zhang Quanjun , Qu Huaisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Even though smart instruments are popular in modern industrial processes, pointer meters without computer interfaces are still widely employed in many application areas. Automatic reading recognition of pointer meters based on computer vision provides a promising solution to input the meter readings to the existing monitoring system or IoT. However, most of the current reading recognition approaches for pointer meters are based on inconvenient wired systems or expensive inspection robots. Compared with a wired system, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are low-cost, easy to install and relocate. To leverage these advantages of WSNs and address the limitation of its radio bandwidth, this paper proposes a novel automated meter reading system for pointer meter using WSNs with on-sensor image processing, in which meter image capturing, image preprocessing, and reading recognition are completed on WSNs end node, and then only the recognition result is transmitted through WSNs. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated by a set of experiments on the prototype. Experimental results indicate that the presented approach can recognize the meter reading with an error of 0.3% and significantly reduce the payload transmission data in the WSNs.
Effect of Delays in Concordant Antibiotic Treatment on Mortality in Patients With Hospital-Acquired Acinetobacter Species Bacteremia: Emulating a Target Randomized Trial With a 13-Year Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Lim Cherry , Mo Yin , Teparrukkul Prapit , Hongsuwan Maliwan , Day Nicholas P J , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Cooper Ben S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Delays in treating bacteremias with antibiotics to which the causative organism is susceptible are expected to adversely affect patient outcomes. Quantifying the impact of such delays to concordant treatment is important for decision-making about interventions to reduce the delays and for quantifying the burden of disease due to antimicrobial resistance. There are, however, potentially important biases to be addressed, including immortal time bias. We aimed to estimate the impact of delays in appropriate antibiotic treatment of patients with Acinetobacter species hospital-acquired bacteremia in Thailand on 30-day mortality by emulating a target trial using retrospective cohort data from Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital in 2003–2015. For each day, we defined treatment as concordant if the isolated organism was susceptible to at least 1 antibiotic given. Among 1,203 patients with Acinetobacter species hospital-acquired bacteremia, 682 had 1 or more days of delays to concordant treatment. Surprisingly, crude 30-day mortality was lower in patients with delays of ≥3 days compared with those who had 1–2 days of delays. Accounting for confounders and immortal time bias resolved this paradox. Emulating a target trial, we found that these delays were associated with an absolute increase in expected 30-day mortality of 6.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.2, 13.0), from 33.8% to 40.4%.
A combined recall and rank framework with online negative sampling for Chinese procedure terminology normalization
Authors: Liang Ming , Xue Kui , Ye Qi , Ruan Tong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Medical terminology normalization aims to map the clinical mention to terminologies coming from a knowledge base, which plays an important role in analyzing electronic health record and many downstream tasks. In this article, we focus on Chinese procedure terminology normalization. The expressions of terminology are various and one medical mention may be linked to multiple terminologies. Existing studies based on learning to rank does not fully consider the quality of negative samples during model training and the importance of keywords in this domain-specific task.

Results
We propose a combined recall and rank framework to solve these problems. A pair-wise Bert model with deep metric learning is used to recall candidates. Previous methods either train Bert in a point-wise way or based on a multi-class classification problem, which may lead serious efficiency problems or not be effective enough. During model training, we design a novel online negative sampling algorithm to activate the pair-wise method. To deal with multi-implication scenarios, we train the task of implication number prediction together with the recall task in a multi-task learning setting, since these two tasks are highly complementary. In rank step, we propose a keywords attentive mechanism to focus on domain-specific information such as procedure sites and procedure types. Finally, a fusion block merges the results of the recall and the rank model. Detailed experimental analysis shows our proposed framework has a remarkable improvement on both performance and efficiency.

Availability and implementation
The source code will be available at https://github.com/sxthunder/CMTN upon publication.
Prolonged Suppression of Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Is Associated With Acute Gastrointestinal Graft-vs-Host Disease and Transplantation-Related Mortality After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Meedt Elisabeth , Hiergeist Andreas , Gessner André , Dettmer Katja , Liebisch Gerhard , Ghimire Sakhila , Poeck Hendrik , Edinger Matthias , Wolff Daniel , Herr Wolfgang , Holler Ernst , Weber Daniela 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Butyrogenic bacteria play an important role in gut microbiome homeostasis and intestinal epithelial integrity. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between administration of short-chain fatty acids like butyrate and protection from acute graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Methods
In the current study, we examined the abundance and butyrogenic capacity of butyrate-producing bacteria in 28 healthy donors and 201 patients after ASCT. We prospectively collected serial stool samples and performed polymerase chain reaction analysis of the butyrate-producing bacterial enzyme butyryl–coenzyme A (CoA):acetate CoA-transferase (BCoAT) in fecal nucleic acid extracts.

Results
Our data demonstrate a strong and prolonged suppression of butyrogenic bacteria early in the course of ASCT. In a multivariable analysis, early use of broad-spectrum antibiotics before day 0 (day of transplantation) was identified as an independent factor associated with low BCoAT copy numbers (odds ratio, 0.370 [95% confidence interval, .175–.783]; P = .009). Diminished butyrogens correlated with other biomarkers of microbial diversity, such as low 3-indoxylsulfate levels, reduced abundance of Clostridiales and low inverse Simpson and effective Shannon indices (all P &lt; .001). Low BCoAT copy numbers at GvHD-onset were correlated with GI-GvHD severity (P = .002) and associated with a significantly higher GvHD-associated mortality rate (P = .04). Furthermore, low BCoAT copy numbers at day 30 were associated with a significantly higher transplantation-related mortality rate (P = .02).

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in the microbiome play an important role in GvHD pathogenesis and that microbial parameters such as BCoAT might serve as biomarkers to identify patients at high risk of lethal GI-GvHD.
Usefulness of physical function sub-item of SF-36 survey to predict exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure
Authors: Ueno Kensuke , Kamiya Kentaro , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Nozaki Kohei , Ichikawa Takafumi , Yamashita Masashi , Uchida Shota , Kawabata Masashi , Maekawa Emi , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Ako Junya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Exercise intolerance is widely known to be a major cardinal symptom in patients with heart failure (HF), but due to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, it is still difficult to directly measure exercise tolerance in many hospitals and facilities. The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey physical functioning (SF-36PF) pertain to lower extremity functioning and walking. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether SF-36PF is a useful predictor of exercise intolerance and to provide its optimal cut-off value for patients with HF.

Methods and results
SF-36PF and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) were evaluated in 372 consecutive patients with HF. Exercise intolerance was defined at 6MWD cut-offs of 200, 300, and 400 m. The addition of SF-36PF to the pre-existing determinants of exercise tolerance significantly improved the area under the curve scores (0.85 vs. 0.89, P = 0.011 for 6MWD &lt;200 m; 0.90 vs. 0.93, P = 0.001 for 6MWD &lt;300 m; 0.88 vs. 0.90, P = 0.021 for 6MWD &lt;400 m) for the predictive effect on exercise intolerance. The cut-off values of SF-36PF for predicting exercise intolerance defined by 6MWD &lt;200, 300, and 400 m were 45, 50, and 70, respectively.

Conclusions
SF-36PF is a useful tool as an alternative index to predict exercise intolerance in patients with HF.