bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: He Yitong , Jiang Weiqing , Wang Wanxin , Liu Qianyu , Peng Shuyi , Guo Lan 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceStudies investigating the role of supportive school environments in associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality among adolescents are lacking.ObjectiveTo assess associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality among adolescents and examine the modifying role of supportive school environments in such associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes Chinese adolescents in grades 7 through 12 from 326 schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from March to October 2024.ExposureACEs, including individual indicators and cumulative numbers by total and categorized as threat-related and deprivation-related ACEs, were assessed.Main Outcome and MeasuresNSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts were measured using validated questionnaires. Weighted Poisson regression models were used. The modifying interaction of supportive school environments was assessed using multiplicative interactions.ResultsAmong 95 549 adolescents included in this study (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.8] years; 47 617 males [49.8%]), 45 236 individuals (47.3%) had experienced at least 1 ACE. Compared with adolescents with no ACEs, those who experienced 4 or more ACEs had an increased risk of NSSI (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.30-1.33) and suicidality (ideation: PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.39-1.42; attempts: PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27) after adjusting for covariates, including supportive school environments. A dose-response association was observed between the number of ACEs and the risk of NSSI and suicidality (eg, NSSI: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.06 for exposure to 1 vs 0 ACEs; PR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.10-1.11 for exposure to 2 vs 0 ACEs). The highest PRs were found for associations of threat-related ACEs (eg, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and bullying) with NSSI and suicidality (eg, exposure to ≥2 vs 0 threat-related ACEs: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.27-1.29 for NSSI; PR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.32-1.34 for ideation; PR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.17-1.19 for attempts). All individual ACE indicators were positively associated with NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high PRs for emotional abuse (eg, PR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27 for NSSI). Additionally, supportive school environments significantly modified associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality (eg, interaction ratio for NSSI, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88).Conclusion and relevanceIn this study, exposure to ACEs was associated with an increased risk of NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high increases for threat-related ACEs, independent of the interaction of supportive school environments, but supportive school environments could modify such detrimental outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing school environments to prevent NSSI and suicidality among adolescents who have experienced ACEs.
High‐Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry – Theory and Applications
Authors: Welz Bernhard , Vale Maria Goreti R. , Florek Stefan , Okruss Michael , Huang Mao‐Dong , Becker‐Ross Helmut , Resano Martín 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High‐resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR‐CS AAS) is probably the most innovative technique in the field of atomic spectrometry since the introduction of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) in the 1980s. Although it uses the basic principle of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), i.e. the absorption of radiation by atoms in the gas phase, HR‐CS AAS should not just be considered an improved AAS but a new technique with an impressive number of new features. HR‐CS AAS is a new player in the field of atomic spectrometry and must be compared with all the other techniques that are available. We give a short historical introduction about the development of HR‐CS AAS since the 1960s, although it was only in the 1990s, when components that are essential for the proper performance of this technique became available. Theoretical considerations are treated to the extent that is necessary to understand the basic difference between line source atomic absorption spectrometry (LS AAS) and HR‐CS AAS. This is followed by a comprehensive treatment of the instrumental details from the continuum radiation source over the high‐resolution monochromator to the array detector, also giving an insight into the essential control functions to guarantee trouble‐free operation. The special features of HR‐CS AAS are discussed in detail to make possible a comparison with the other techniques of atomic spectrometry. One of these features is the possibility of determining nonmetals, such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and the halogens using molecular absorption “lines”. The potential of the instrumentation to attain isotopic information, also based on the monitoring of molecular absorption, is discussed. Section 5 presents a panoply of applications that show that HR‐CS AAS, in combination with a graphite tube atomizer, is one of the most rugged analytical techniques for trace‐element determination in solids and complex samples currently available.
The Role of Classroom Collective Efficacy and Self‐Concept in Peer Relationship and Victimization of Elementary School Students: A Multilevel Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Shi Leishan , Wu Yuping , Ji Xufeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFew studies have distinguished and compared the relationships and pathways between peer acceptance, peer rejection, friendship quality, self‐concept, and victimization, as well as their interactions with classroom characteristics. This study aimed to address this gap by examining these relationships over 1 year, focusing on the roles of collective efficacy and self‐concept at both the classroom and individual levels. A sample of 1053 elementary school students in grades 4–6 across 36 classes completed questionnaires, and a multilevel moderated mediation model was constructed. After controlling for gender and grade, the study found: (1) The association between friendship quality and victimization was the strongest, followed by peer acceptance and peer rejection, with no significant difference between the latter two. (2) Peer acceptance was related to victimization entirely through self‐concept, while peer rejection was directly related to victimization. Friendship quality was primarily related to victimization directly rather than through self‐concept. (3) Collective efficacy was negatively related to victimization and moderated the relationships between peer rejection, friendship quality, and victimization. Higher collective efficacy reduced the association between peer rejection and victimization but diminished the protective effect of friendship quality on victimization. This study not only clarified the specific roles and pathways of peer acceptance, peer rejection, and friendship quality in relation to victimization but also highlighted the protective role of peer interactions at the classroom level, enhancing our understanding of victimization dynamics.
Transparent and Durable Terahertz Absorber Based on Enhanced Wave‐Ion Interaction
Authors: Xie Wenke , Xie Jinlong , Li Sitong , Liu Jiateng , Xiao Xu , Wen Qiye , Ding Tianpeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogels, featuring high flexibility and stretchability, have intense wave‐matter interaction in the terahertz (THz) band and high transparency in the visible light band, making them promising materials for transparent THz absorbers in the optical windows of THz devices. However, conventional hydrogels suffer from poor environmental stability, as water evaporation or freezing at subzero temperatures weakens their THz absorption and visible transmittance. Here, An ion‐rich hydrogel film is presented to concurrently boost the THz wave‐ion and intermolecular interactions. The boosted interactions increase the ionic conduction loss and improve the antidrying and antifreezing performance. As a result, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the encapsulation layer and antireflection layer, the flexible ionic‐hydrogel‐based THz absorber shows a high maximum reflection loss (RL) of 86.51 dB in the 0.5–4.5 THz range (100% qualified bandwidth) and a high average visible transmittance of 90.87% with a thickness of only 300 µm. Moreover, it still possesses a high average RL of 39.35 dB after 80 days at room temperature and a high average electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of 42.30 dB at −10 °C. This work demonstrates the feasibility of transparent ionic THz absorbers, offering inspiration for future ionic THz device designs.
Humidity‐Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Utilizing a Bound‐Water‐Rich Zwitterionic Hydrogel With Microphase‐Separated Domains
Authors: Ding Yutong , Guo Hongxin , Ouyang Mi , Meng Ge , Chen Feng , Kuang Tairong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent an effective approach for transforming mechanical energy into electrical power, making them suitable for wearable electronic applications. Hydrogels as TENGs electrodes are common, but their use as direct triboelectric layers remains insufficiently explored. Here, a novel zwitterionic monomer 3‐{1‐[6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methyl‐3,8‐dioxo‐9‐aza‐4,7‐dioxadodec‐1‐en‐12‐yl]imidazol‐3‐ium‐3‐yl}propane‐1‐sulfonate (VNIPS) is synthesized in combination with acrylic acid (AA) and zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) to create a double‐network zwitterionic hydrogel. The hydrogel is developed using a solvent‐exchange process that facilitated the creation of microphase‐separated domains, notablely increasing its mechanical strength (211.9 kPa, 472.3%), conductivity (0.6 mS cm−1), and anti‐freezing capability (−18.3 °C). In addition, the hydrogel's hydrophilic groups interacted with water molecules, reducing charge loss in humid conditions. When employed as the triboelectric positive layer, the hydrogel‐based TENGs achieved a substantial charge density of 456 µC m−2 and an output power density of 464 mW m−2, while maintaining a steady open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 97 V, with 92% retention under 80% relative humidity. Moreover, the hydrogel's strong adhesion and biocompatibility make it suitable for wearable applications, such as motion sensing and Morse code communication. This work demonstrates the feasibility of zwitterionic hydrogels as triboelectric materials, providing a new strategy for creating efficient, humidity‐resistant energy harvesters.
Decoupling Interfacial Stability and Ion Transport in Solid Polymer Electrolyte by Tailored Ligand Chemistry for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Lin Ruifan , Jin Yingmin , Li Yumeng , Fu Mengyu , Gong Yuxin , Lei Lei , Zhang Yong , Xu Jijian , Xiong Yueping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAchieving fast ion transport kinetics and high interfacial stability simultaneously is challenging for polymer electrolytes in solid‐state lithium batteries, as the coordination environment optimal for Li+ conduction struggles to generate desirable interphase chemistry. Herein, the adjustable property of organic ligands is exploited in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to develop a hierarchical composite electrolyte, incorporating heterogeneous and spatially confined MOF nanofillers into a poly‐1,3‐dioxolane matrix. The defect‐engineered University of Oslo‐66 MOFs (UiO‐66d) with tailored Lewis acidity can separate ion pairs and optimize Li+ migration through weakened solvation effects, thereby enhancing ion conductivity by over sixfold (0.85 mS cm−1@25 °C). At the lithium anode side, a densified University of Oslo‐67 MOFs (UiO‐67) layer with conjugated π electrons facilitates anion participation in the solvation sheath, promoting anion reduction and thereby forming LiF/Li3N‐dominated solid electrolyte interphase for isotropic Li deposition. The as‐assembled Li||LiFePO4 full cell delivers superior cycling stability with 92.7% of capacity retained over 2000 cycles at 2 C. Notably, the developed electrolyte demonstrates excellent compatibility with high‐voltage cathodes, achieving 80% capacity retention with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 over 630 cycles. This work provides valuable insights into decoupling transport and interfacial challenges in solid‐state lithium batteries, paving the way for advanced battery technologies.
In Situ Polymerized Fluorine‐Free Ether Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Stable Interface for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Xuanfeng , Chu Fulu , Li Daqing , Si Mingjiang , Liu Mengting , Wu Feixiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium metal batteries offer increased energy density compared to traditional lithium‐ion batteries. Commercial carbonate‐based electrolytes are incompatible with lithium metal anodes, while ether‐based electrolytes, though more suitable, tend to degrade under high potentials. Here, a fluorine‐free ether‐based gel polymer electrolyte (FEGPE) has been developed via incorporating lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)azanide (LiTFSI) as lithium salt, 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) as solvents, and indium trifluoromethanesulphonate (In(OTF)3) as an initiator. DME is used to promote dissolution of the In(OTF)3 in DOL, along with enhanced ion transport of the FEGPE. Compared to traditional ether‐based liquid electrolytes, the FEGPE demonstrates significantly improved antioxidant decomposition ability at high potentials, stemming from intermolecular hydrogen bond formation and decreased lone‐pair electron activity of ether oxygen. Additionally, the FEGPE reduces the lithium deposition energy barrier and enables a stable electrolyte/electrode interface by forming Li‐In alloys and LiF components in solid electrolyte interphases. In turn, Li|FEGPE|LiFePO4 cells exhibit a high initial capacity of 151 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, with an outstanding capacity retention of 97% over 300 cycles. For high‐voltage cathodes, Li|FEGPE|LiN0.8iCo0.1Mn0.1O2 cells deliver an initial capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 1 C, achieving a capacity retention of 75% over 500 cycles.
Optical Properties of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles for Solar Light Harvesting and Photo‐Thermoelectric Conversion
Authors: Miao Runpeng , Bissoli Michael , Amendola Vincenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are renowned for their optical properties, nonetheless, challenges persist for applications in broadband quantitative light harvesting from ultraviolet to the near infrared, for instance matching the emission spectrum of sunlight. The challenges are related to limited spectral coverage, low photothermal conversion efficiency, low photostability, low environmental, and economic sustainability of the NPs synthesis. Here, the optical properties of spherical Au NPs are compared with two anisotropic Au nanostructures, aggregated Au nanospheres and Au nanocorals, purposely designed to exhibit broadband absorption. The anisotropic Au NPs are obtained by a convenient, green, and scalable laser ablation in liquid procedure, with the nanocorals exhibiting flat plasmon absorption extending beyond 2500 nm. The optical and photothermal capabilities of these nanostructures are compared with experimental and numerical calculations. Besides, the Au NPs are tested against the direct transduction of light into electricity by photo‐thermoelectric generators (photo‐TEGs). In fact, the conversion efficiency of TEGs depends on the presence of a steep temperature gradient, achievable under broadband illumination of the anisotropic NPs. This investigation guides to the optimal anisotropic gold NPs for panchromatic light harvesting, which finds relevance across diverse sectors from sunlight energy conversion to photothermal effects in optoelectronics and biomedical applications.
Efficient and Long Lifetime Red InP‐Based QLEDs Enabled by Simultaneously Improved Carrier Injection Balance and Depressed Leakage
Authors: Wang Shuaibing , Yang Wanying , Li Yu , Lin Ouyang , Niu Wentao , Chen Mengyuan , Hu Binbin , Chen Fei , Shen Huaibin , Teng Feng , Yang Chunhe , Tang Aiwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInP quantum dots (QDs), without heavy metals, show great potential for display and lightening applications. However, achieving efficient InP‐based quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) with extended operational lifetime remains challenging due to unbalanced carrier injection within the device. In this study, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is introduced as an intermediate layer between the QDs emitting layer (EML) and the ZnMgO electron transport layer (ETL). This intermediate layer is designed to block excess electron injection into the QDs layer and simultaneously reduce leakage current. Additionally, the introduction of PVP can passivate QDs/ETL interface defects and inhibit exciton quenching of QDs by the ZnMgO ETL. The optimized device achieves a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.5% and a long T95 operational lifetime of over 800 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2 for red InP‐based QLEDs emitting at 624 nm. Both the EQE and the T95 operational lifetime represent the highest values achieved for red InP‐based QLEDs to date.
Progress and Perspective of Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Duan Ning , Wang Jiawen , Wang Ruizhe , Han Guosheng , Wu Xianli , Liu Yanyan , Li Baojun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages, such as high energy density, low price, and environmental friendliness. However, the sluggish kinetics of ORR/OER greatly prevent the practical application of rechargeable ZABs. In recent years, efficient, durable, and cost‐effective bifunctional catalysts are developed to accelerate the kinetics of ORR/OER and enhance the performance of ZABs. This review provides a systematic overview of ZABs and describes the standards of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. The latest research progress in the development of non‐noble metal‐based and nano‐metallic electrocatalysts for the air electrode of ZABs is systematically summarized, including the classification, design, synthesis methods, active site structures, and mechanism. Finally, the challenges faced by bifunctional catalysts and probable solutions are proposed. This review will provide a comprehensive guidance for development of efficient oxygen electrocatalyst in the future.
Microplastics Generate Less Mineral Protection of Soil Carbon and More CO2 Emissions
Authors: Shi Jia , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Sun Yuanze , Wang Jianjun , Xing Baoshan , Rillig Matthias C. , Li Changchao , Jin Ling , Wang Fang , Adyel Tanveer M. , Shang Jianying , Wang Xiang , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems threatens to destabilize large soil carbon stocks that help to mitigate climate change. Carbon‐based substrates can release from microplastics and contribute to terrestrial carbon pools, but how these emerging organic compounds influence carbon mineralization and sequestration remains unknown. Here, microcosm experiments are conducted to determine the bioavailability of microplastic‐derived dissolved organic matter (MP‐DOM) in soils and its contribution to mineral‐associated carbon pool. The underlying mechanisms are identified by estimating its spectroscopic and molecular signatures and comparing its sorption properties on model minerals with natural organic matter (NOM). The results show that MP‐DOM leads to 21–576% higher CO2 emissions and 34–83% lower mineral‐associated organic carbon in soils than NOM, depending on the type of plastic polymer. DOM from biodegradable microplastics induces higher CO2 emissions than conventional microplastics. It is found that MP‐DOM is 7.96 times more labile than NOM, making it more accessible for microbial utilization. The lower degree of humification, fewer polar functional groups, and higher H/C ratios in MP‐DOM also led to 3.96 times less sorption with mineral particles. The findings provide insights into the effects of microplastics on soil carbon storage and highlight their consequences for wider terrestrial carbon cycling and climate warming.
Nano‐Armed Limosilactobacillus reuteri for Enhanced Photo‐Immunotherapy and Microbiota Tryptophan Metabolism against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xu Haiting , Wang Yajun , Liu Ga , Zhu Zhenhua , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Shi Xiaoxiao , Zu Menghang , Xiao Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite being a groundbreaking approach to treating colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of immunotherapy is significantly compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota. Here, leveraging the superior carrying capacity and innate immunity‐stimulating property of living bacteria, a nanomedicine‐engineered bacterium, LR‐S‐CD/CpG@LNP, with optical responsiveness, immune‐stimulating activity, and the ability to regulate microbiota metabolome is developed. Immunoadjuvant (CpG) and carbon dot (CD) co‐loaded plant lipid nanoparticles (CD/CpG@LNPs) are constructed and conjugated to the surface of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive linkers. The inherent photothermal and photodynamic properties of oral CD/CpG@LNPs induce in situ cytotoxic ROS generation and immunogenic cell death of colorectal tumor cells. The generated neoantigens and the released CpG function as a potent in situ vaccine that stimulates the maturation of immature dendritic cells. The mature dendritic cells and metabolites secreted by LR subsequently facilitated the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to eradicate colorectal tumors. The further in vivo results demonstrate that the photo‐immunotherapy and intestinal microbial metabolite regulation of LR‐S‐CD/CpG@LNPs collectively suppressed the growth of orthotopic colorectal tumors and their liver metastases, presenting a promising avenue for synergistic treatment of CRC via the oral route.
Continuous and Extremely Flat Ag Electrode by Tailoring Surface Energy for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cho Won Seok , Park Jae Yong , Gim Seungo , Dong Wan Jae , Kim Soo Young , Lee Jong‐Lam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe exploration of alternative transparent electrodes to indium tin oxide (ITO) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a topic of interest. Among various candidates, ultrathin and continuous metal films have garnered significant interest for their ability to offer both transparency and conductivity. However, due to the higher surface energy of metals compared to substrates, metal films tend to grow in a discrete island shape, resulting in poor conductivity and even low transparency due to a localized surface plasmon by metal islands. In this work, a way to produce homogeneous ultrathin and continuous Ag film (UCAF) achieved through primary NF3 plasma treatment on a glass substrate is proposed. This treatment introduces F bonds on the surface, enhancing the hydrophilicity of the glass surface and facilitating the formation of UCAF with high optical transmittance (>70%) and low sheet resistance (<10 Ω/ϒ). By incorporating UCAF into OLEDs as a bottom electrode, the current efficiency showed an 86% enhancement compared to an ITO bottom electrode at an operating current density of 10 mA cm−2. Numerical simulation results elucidated superior light extraction efficiency in OLED with UCAF compared to that with ITO, attributed to both cavity effect and reduced waveguide mode at the organic/electrode interface.