bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Citizens use Sociodemographic Characteristics as Cues to Infer Candidate Issue Positions?
Authors: Däubler Thomas , Quoß Franziska , Rudolph Lukas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn open‐list proportional representation systems, choosing candidates based on issue proximity can improve policy congruence. However, in practice, voters may not know enough about individual candidates to do so. Hence, we examine whether voters infer individual positions from cues provided on ballots, namely age and residence. Studying the Swiss parliamentary elections of 2019, we focus on environmental policy, both a very salient issue and featuring considerable intra‐party heterogeneity of positions. We combine comprehensive candidate data with a representative voter survey and conduct a survey‐embedded experiment (N = 10,758). We find that citizens have indeed little knowledge of candidate positions. However, ballot cues predict policy differences among candidates within parties only to a limited extent, and the experiment does not suggest that voters use ballot information to predict positions directly. Instead, as suggested by additional analyses, citizens may perceive candidates who resemble their own sociodemographic profile as having positions closer to their own.
Power, identity and precarity: Sex workers’ “lived experience” of violence and social injustice in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Habiba , Subedi DB 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article applies an anthropological perspective of violence to critique and interrogate the concept of social justice. It analyses Bangladeshi sex workers’ “lived experience” of symbolic and structural violence in different social worlds—the community and family, and brothels—as a new framework for understanding social injustice. We find that violence and injustice exist in a complex web of power, identity, social structures and culture, shaped by power relations, discriminating social structures, and oppressive cultural norms which push the sex workers into the cycles of violence. These forms of violence impede an individual's capabilities, life chances and dignity, the factors that determine one's experience of social justice. From a social policy perspective, our study suggests that social justice to sex workers concerns, first and foremost, with addressing their needs for safety and security, thus, enabling them to experience equity, dignity, protection and human rights.
“That market has no quality”: Performative place frames, racialisation, and affective re‐inscriptions in an outdoor retail market in Amsterdam
Authors: van Eck Emil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper interrogates the performative and affective aspects of relational place‐making processes by which people construct the everyday geographies of public space. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in and around an outdoor retail market in Amsterdam, the research findings show that the hegemonic frame of this public space is deeply racialised, mediating the way in which traders, market managers, and visitors encounter one another on a daily basis. By drawing on a shift from a discursive conception of relational place‐making to a performative and affective one, the results show how racialised place frames come into being through day‐to‐day performative practices, and how this is confirmed and brokered by people confronted with racialised place discourses. The findings on traders social networks through which they sustain access to public space highlight the importance of attending to the affective dimensions of place‐making in academic work focused on place politics.
The role of nature contact and connectedness to nature as determinants of household water use: A case study from Spain
Authors: Ibáñez‐Rueda Nazaret , Guardiola Jorge , González‐Gómez Francisco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 6 is to increase water use efficiency in all sectors. In the domestic sphere, water consumption is largely conditioned by the habits and behaviour of individuals. In this study, we investigate for the first time the influence of connectedness to and contact with nature on five different uses of water at home. Using ordered probit regressions with a sample of 874 students from the University of Granada (Spain), we found that connectedness to nature and nature contact is positively or non‐significantly related to different dimensions of water efficiency. The results indicate that in order to encourage pro‐environmental water use habits at home, efforts should be made to develop an ecocentric vision in schools and to promote school trips to explore and understand the nearest natural areas. These policies should be adapted to a wider international context as a way of addressing the global problem of water scarcity.
Genetically engineered pig kidney transplantation in a brain‐dead human subject
Authors: Cooper David K.C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn September 2021, a kidney (with donor‐specific thymic tissue) from an α1, 3‐galactosyltransferase gene‐knockout (GTKO) pig was transplanted into the groin (with anastomoses to the femoral vessels) of a brain‐dead subject by a surgical team at New York University Langone Health (NYU). It was reported to function immediately, passing urine and excreting creatinine. The experiment was terminated after 54 h and, during this period, the kidney did not show macroscopic features of rejection. Does this experiment provide information not available to us previously and does it move the field forward to clinical trials? The information provided was very limited, but the following points are worthy of note. (i) Numerous in vivo studies in nonhuman primates have predicted that the pig kidney would function immediately. (ii) Numerous in vitro studies have predicted that a GTKO pig kidney would not be rejected within the first few days after transplantation into a human subject. (iii) GTKO kidneys are not optimal for clinical transplantation, and the transplantation of a triple‐knockout (TKO) pig kidney would have been more relevant. (iv) There was no purpose in transplanting a “thymokidney” without pre‐transplant conditioning therapy and follow‐up for several months. (v) Because the native kidneys were retained, it is difficult to determine whether the function of the graft was sufficient to support life. (vi) The experiment was announced to the media rather than published in a peer‐reviewed medical journal (although hopefully this will follow), suggesting that it was primarily carried out to gain attention to the great potential of xenotransplantation (and/or possibly to NYU). In this respect the experiment was successful. Because of the very limited period of time for which a brain‐dead subject can be maintained in a metabolically and hemodynamically stable state, the value of experiments in such subjects will remain very limited. It is hoped that any future similar experiments will be planned to be more relevant to the clinical situation. Nevertheless, the report has stimulated public attention towards xenotransplantation which, unless there is an adverse response to what some might consider to be a bizarre experiment, should be of significant benefit to future progress.
MYSTERIUM TREMENDUM IN A NEW KEY
Authors: Hoelter Mark E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 1917 Rudolf Otto concluded his search for a non‐rational grounding for religion—not opposed to science but also not reducible to science. Reflecting on personal experience and engagement with world religions, Otto posited: all religions are rooted in a universal experience. He labeled this experience the mysterium tremendum et fascinosum—an experience so fascinating that one cannot not attend to it, and, at the same time, so humbling and inspiring it also has both awe and terror about it. Now Iain McGilchrist's The Master and His Emissary offers a neurological, “non‐rational” grounding for that mysterium. Neuroscientist, Patrick McNamara, and philosopher‐theologian, Wesley J. Wildman, expand, refine, and particularize McGilchrist's work. All of this together, besides playing Otto's original mysterium in a new key, holds implications for pro‐social intragroup and inter‐group work as well as for individual psychotherapeutic and spiritual growth and transformation.
Phase‐dependent local brain states determine the impact of image‐guided transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor network electroencephalographic synchronization
Authors: Momi Davide , Ozdemir Recep A. , Tadayon Ehsan , Boucher Pierre , Di Domenico Alberto , Fasolo Mirco , Shafi Mouhsin M. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Santarnecchi Emiliano 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent studies have synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) application with pre‐defined brain oscillatory phases showing how brain response to perturbation depends on the brain state. However, none have investigated whether phase‐dependent TMS can possibly modulate connectivity with homologous distant brain regions belonging to the same network. In the framework of network‐targeted TMS, we investigated whether stimulation delivered at a specific phase of ongoing brain oscillations might favour stronger cortico‐cortical (c‐c) synchronization of distant network nodes connected to the stimulation target. Neuronavigated TMS pulses were delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) during ongoing electroencephalography recording in 24 healthy individuals over two repeated sessions 1 month apart. Stimulation effects were analysed considering whether the TMS pulse was delivered at the time of a positive (peak) or negative (trough) phase of μ‐frequency oscillation, which determines c‐c synchrony within homologous areas of the sensorimotor network. Diffusion weighted imaging was used to study c‐c connectivity within the sensorimotor network and identify contralateral regions connected with the stimulation spot. Depending on when during the μ‐activity the TMS‐pulse was applied (peak or trough), its impact on inter‐hemispheric network synchrony varied significantly. Higher M1–M1 phase‐lock synchronization after the TMS‐pulse (0–200 ms) in the μ‐frequency band was found for trough compared to peak stimulation trials in both study visits. Phase‐dependent TMS delivery might be crucial not only to amplify local effects but also to increase the magnitude and reliability of the response to the external perturbation, with implications for interventions aimed at engaging more distributed functional brain networks.Key points
Synchronized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulses with pre‐defined brain oscillatory phases allow evaluation of the impact of brain states on TMS effects.
TMS pulses over M1 at the negative peak of the μ‐frequency band induce higher phase‐lock synchronization with interconnected contralateral homologous regions.
Cortico‐cortical synchronization changes are linearly predicted by the fibre density and cross‐section of the white matter tract that connects the two brain regions.
Phase‐dependent TMS delivery might be crucial not only to amplify local effects but also to increase the magnitude and reliability of within‐network synchronization.
Isogeometric Shape Optimization for Design Dependent Loads
Authors: Pal Arkaprabho , Rakshit Sourav 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new isogeometric formulation for shape optimization of structures subjected to design dependent loads. This work considers two types of design dependent loads, namely, surface loads like pressure where the direction and/or magnitude of force changes with the variation of boundary shape, and body forces that depend on the material layout. These problems have been mostly solved by topology optimization methods which are prone to difficulties in determination of the loading surface for pressure loads and problems associated with non-monotonous behavior of compliance and low density regions for body forces. This work uses an isogeometric shape optimization approach where the geometry is defined using non-uniform rational B-spline and the control point coordinates and control weights of the boundary are chosen as design variables. This approach accommodates the design dependent loads easily, in addition to its other advantages like exact geometry representation, local control, fewer design variables, excellent shape sensitivity, efficient mesh refinement strategies, and smooth results that can be integrated with computer aided design. Two classes of optimization problems have been discussed; they are minimum compliance problems subjected to volume constraint and minimum weight problems subjected to local stress constraints. These problems are solved using convex optimization programs. Hence, expressions for full sensitivities are derived which are new for structural shape optimization problems with design dependent loads. Some representative engineering examples are solved and compared with existing literature to demonstrate the application of the proposed method.
A New Implementation of ontostep: Flexible Generation of Ontology and Knowledge Graphs of express-Driven Data
Authors: Kwon Soonjo , Monnier Laetitia V. , Barbau Raphael , Bernstein William Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
ontostep is a method to translate the STandard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) schema and its instances to an ontology and knowledge graphs represented in the web ontology language (owl). ontostep models can be integrated with any owl models to enrich their semantics. However, the current implementation has several limitations, mainly in (1) supporting the latest International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10303 schemas and (2) generating various representation types depending on the purpose of use. We present an improved implementation of ontostep to overcome these limitations. In this article, we demonstrate that the new implementation can successfully translate STEP schemas and instances in a faster and more flexible way, thus furthering the adoption of the full capabilities of ISO 10303. By encoding STEP entities in owl, we facilitate integration with other standards through knowledge graphs.
Full-Scale Dynamometer Tests of Composite Railway Brake Shoes: Effect of the Resin-Rubber Ratio on Friction Performance and Wear
Authors: Monreal Pablo , Harrison Neil , Perez-Costarrosa Eduardo , Zugasti Miguel , Madariaga Alberto , Clavería Isabel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Designing a friction material for a brake system entails considering the effects of each constituent and the interactions that they may present between them. In the present work, a characterization of the influence of the resin-rubber ratio in a brake block material is carried out. Railway brake shoes were produced and tested in a full-scale railway dynamometer in demanding conditions. The brake blocks had also their physical and mechanical properties tested. The progressive addition of resin was proven to heavily affect the friction level in dry and wet conditions. Interestingly, the use of 5% of resin showed significantly higher friction in wet conditions. This composition also presented a more severe metal pick-up. The nature of the binder also affected wear-rates (which were lower for lower resin contents) and the wear mechanism. The sample using only rubber presented thermal cracks and heavier delamination as specific failure modes. Differences in the microstructure of the friction materials were observed depending on the binder. About 5% of resin appears as a very interesting choice to avoid friction loss in wet environments without incurring high wear-rates, as long as metal pick-up is diminished by different means. Otherwise, 100% of rubber as a binder grants the instantaneous friction stability that is often threatened by thermal fade.
Introduction: Towards a Cognitive Theory of New Testament Characters: Methodology, Problems, and Desiderata
Authors: Rüggemeier Jan , Shively Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This Introduction provides an overview of a cognitive-narratological approach to characters and characterization in New Testament narratives. We begin by comparing conventional and cognitive approaches to New Testament characters and characterization, and delineating a practical methodology designed to sensitize readers to a variety of interpretative possibilities that arise from the cognitive turn within narratology. Afterwards, we apply that methodology in three ways. First, we acquaint readers with the prospect of tracing characters within one New Testament narrative. Then, we hint at the analysis of character migration, that is, a character’s development across more than one narrative. Finally, we provide insight into the analysis of character emotions and the readers’ empathy with characters. To illustrate these aspects, we focus on examples from the Gospel of Mark.
Cognitive Linguistic Models for Analyzing Characterization in a Parable: Luke 10:25–37 The Compassionate Samaritan
Authors: Howe Bonnie , Sweetser Eve 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study employs an array of cognitive linguistic (cl) models to reveal some of the details in how contemporary readers understand and interpret characters in a New Testament parable, the one often tagged “The Good Samaritan.” It also uses cognitive narrative analysis to explore how Luke constructs and develops the dialog partners in the pericope and the characters in the parable. The larger goal is to use cl to reveal some of the ways in which meanings are evoked, constructed, constrained and opened up. The parable is embedded in a larger narrative and immediate co-text, its characters selected from the stock of Lukan personae. The study explains how narrative spaces are built up; how characters serve as anchors and links to the larger narrative; and how viewpoint shifts proliferate as the story unfolds.
The Lukan narrator makes Jesus’ viewpoint clear: “Do this, and you will live!” Readers are implicitly invited to identify with the compassionate character of the parable and emulate him. But the opening question and closing dialog shape the parable’s point, expanding its trajectory beyond mere moral rule revision or definitions of “neighbor” or even of “good” character. This parable allows readers to imagine with Luke a way of life lived in the light of the new epoch Jesus is announcing and inaugurating.
Seeing is (Dis)believing
Authors: Sera-Shriar Efram 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The backbone of Victorian spirit investigations rested with the credibility of the witnesses who attended spiritualist events such as séances. But how did someone become a credible witness of spirit or psychic phenomena? What were the processes by which their testimonies became trustworthy representations of genuine experiences? This paper explores these questions by examining the visual epistemology of the scientific naturalist and sceptic John Tyndall (1820–1893), as a way of understanding the politics of constructing scientific testimony during the late Victorian period. Visual epistemology can be defined as an embodied practice of observation that moves beyond merely being the physical act of looking at things to include a range of skilled activities. Key to this paper is an attempt to challenge earlier whiggish accounts in the historiography that have perpetuated the myth that science conquered spiritualism in the nineteenth century. Instead, it exposes a more complicated narrative about Victorian science’s uneasy relationship with spirit and psychic phenomena, and raises important questions about the authority and limit of scientific naturalism.
American Christian Nationalism and the Meaning of “Religion”
Authors: Miller Daniel D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
American Christian nationalism highlights the entanglements of identity and power as they relate to the category of “religion.” Like many populist movements, Christian nationalism emerges out of a power-devaluation crisis stemming from the diminishment of White Christians’ social and political hegemony, coalescing around the affirmation that the US is a properly “Christian” nation. However, an examination of Christian nationalism reveals that the meaning of “Christian” within Christian nationalism cannot be captured by traditional measures of individual religiosity that tacitly presuppose that religion is essentially private, belief-focused, and non-political in nature, but must recognize that it expresses a complex social identity involving multiple social domains (e.g., race, gender, political ideology) and, as such, contests of power. This analysis is significant for religious studies because it suggests that religion is better approached analytically as an active process of socially-shared identity formation than as a belief system or Gestalt of individual religious practices.
The Child’s Right to Be Vaccinated
Authors: Federle Katherine Hunt 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy highlights a problem within current rights constructs under US law. Refusal to vaccinate is ineluctably cast as a contest between parental choice, to which the law traditionally defers, and state concerns for public safety and the individual welfare of children. But rarely is the discussion cast in terms of the child’s right to be vaccinated because our rights talk revolves around the capacity (or lack thereof) of the rights holder. If, however, we recast rights in terms of empowerment, then we can see that rights flow to the child, not because she has the requisite capacity but because she is less powerful. In this sense, rights exist for children because they are children. The authority of the state to mandate immunisation under US law also may be reconsidered because the state is acting to protect the rights of those less powerful – the children who cannot be vaccinated.
Corners, Tables, Lines
Authors: Müller-Wille Staffan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The modern concept of race is usually traced back to proponents of a “natural history of mankind” in the European Enlightenment. Starting from allegorical representations of the four continents in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the eighteenth-century visual genre of castas paintings, I suggest that modern conceptions of race were significantly shaped by diagrammatic representations of human diversity that allowed for tabulation of data, combinatorial analysis, and quantification, and hence functioned as “tools to think with.” Accounting for racial ancestry in terms of “proportions of blood” not only became a preoccupation of scholars as a consequence, but also came to underwrite administrative practices and popular discourses. To contribute to a better understanding of the history of race relations, historians of the race concept need to pay more attention to these diagrammatic aspects of the concept.
Cultural Diplomacy and Co-operation in ASEAN: The Role of Arts and Culture Festivals
Authors: Ocón David 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Beyond their traditional role as entertainment, form of expression and meeting spaces within local communities, arts and culture festivals can perform various functions. They can serve as showcases of artistic pride, signal openness towards cultural diversity, support the local economy, contribute to reducing political tension and provide grounds to consolidate international relationships. On occasion, such festivals function as tools to support the vision of a multilateral co-operation institution, as is the case of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Through a comprehensive review of the arts and culture festivals curated in ASEAN, this article investigates the festivals’ ulterior motivations. A range of economic, political, diplomatic, and organisational logics explain the evolution of such festivals during the last fifty years. The article concludes that arts and culture festivals have remained a compelling and instrumental co-operation mechanism in ASEAN, but formats and approaches need substantial revision.