bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum repeaters based on concatenated bosonic and discrete-variable quantum codes
Authors: Rozpędek Filip , Noh Kyungjoo , Xu Qian , Guha Saikat , Jiang Liang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose an architecture of quantum-error-correction-based quantum repeaters that combines techniques used in discrete- and continuous-variable quantum information. Specifically, we propose to encode the transmitted qubits in a concatenated code consisting of two levels. On the first level we use a continuous-variable GKP code encoding the qubit in a single bosonic mode. On the second level we use a small discrete-variable code. Such an architecture has two important features. Firstly, errors on each of the two levels are corrected in repeaters of two different types. This enables for achieving performance needed in practical scenarios with a reduced cost with respect to an architecture for which all repeaters are the same. Secondly, the use of continuous-variable GKP code on the lower level generates additional analog information which enhances the error-correcting capabilities of the second-level code such that long-distance communication becomes possible with encodings consisting of only four or seven optical modes.
Native mass spectrometry analyses of chaperonin complex TRiC/CCT reveal subunit N-terminal processing and re-association patterns
Authors: Collier Miranda P. , Moreira Karen Betancourt , Li Kathy H. , Chen Yu-Chan , Itzhak Daniel , Samant Rahul , Leitner Alexander , Burlingame Alma , Frydman Judith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC/CCT is a large ATP-dependent complex essential for cellular protein folding. Its subunit arrangement into two stacked eight-membered hetero-oligomeric rings is conserved from yeast to man. A recent breakthrough enables production of functional human TRiC (hTRiC) from insect cells. Here, we apply a suite of mass spectrometry techniques to characterize recombinant hTRiC. We find all subunits CCT1-8 are N-terminally processed by combinations of methionine excision and acetylation observed in native human TRiC. Dissociation by organic solvents yields primarily monomeric subunits with a small population of CCT dimers. Notably, some dimers feature non-canonical inter-subunit contacts absent in the initial hTRiC. This indicates individual CCT monomers can promiscuously re-assemble into dimers, and lack the information to assume the specific interface pairings in the holocomplex. CCT5 is consistently the most stable subunit and engages in the greatest number of non-canonical dimer pairings. These findings confirm physiologically relevant post-translational processing and function of recombinant hTRiC and offer quantitative insight into the relative stabilities of TRiC subunits and interfaces, a key step toward reconstructing its assembly mechanism. Our results also highlight the importance of assigning contacts identified by native mass spectrometry after solution dissociation as canonical or non-canonical when investigating multimeric assemblies.
Anthrax toxin translocation complex reveals insight into the lethal factor unfolding and refolding mechanism
Authors: Machen Alexandra J. , Fisher Mark T. , Freudenthal Bret D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTranslocation is essential to the anthrax toxin mechanism. Protective antigen (PA), the binding component of this AB toxin, forms an oligomeric pore that translocates lethal factor (LF) or edema factor, the active components of the toxin, into the cell. Structural details of the translocation process have remained elusive despite their biological importance. To overcome the technical challenges of studying translocation intermediates, we developed a method to immobilize, transition, and stabilize anthrax toxin to mimic important physiological steps in the intoxication process. Here, we report a cryoEM snapshot of PApore translocating the N-terminal domain of LF (LFN). The resulting 3.3 Å structure of the complex shows density of partially unfolded LFN near the canonical PApore binding site. Interestingly, we also observe density consistent with an α helix emerging from the 100 Å β barrel channel suggesting LF secondary structural elements begin to refold in the pore channel. We conclude the anthrax toxin β barrel aids in efficient folding of its enzymatic payload prior to channel exit. Our hypothesized refolding mechanism has broader implications for pore length of other protein translocating toxins.
Establishment of liver tumor cell lines from atherogenic and high fat diet fed hepatitis C virus transgenic mice
Authors: Shirasaki Takayoshi , Murai Kazuhisa , Honda Masao , Okada Hikari , Innami Yuika , Yamada Atsumu , Shimakami Tetsuro , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA syngeneic mouse model bearing a transplanted tumor is indispensable for the evaluation of the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, few syngeneic mouse models of liver cancer are available. We established liver tumor cell lines (MHCF1 and MHCF5) from hepatitis C virus transgenic mice fed an atherogenic high-fat diet. MHCF1 and MHCF5 were successfully transplanted into the subcutaneous space of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, in addition, they efficiently developed orthotopic tumors in the liver of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. MHCF5 grew rapidly and showed a more malignant phenotype compared with MHCF1. Histologically, MHCF1-derived tumors were a combined type of hepatocellular carcinoma and MHCF5-derived tumors showed a sarcomatous morphology. Interestingly, MHCF1 and MHCF5 showed different sensitivity against an anti-PD1 antibody and MHCF5-derived tumors were resistant to this antibody. CD8 T cells infiltrated the MHCF1-derived tumors, but no CD8 T cells were found within the MHCF5-derived tumors. Gene expression profiling and whole-exon sequencing revealed that MHCF5 displayed the features of an activated cancer stem cell-like signature of sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Therefore, these cell lines could be useful for the identification of new biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of ICI resistance and the development of new drugs against liver cancer.
Low body mass is associated with reduced left ventricular mass in Chinese elderly with severe COPD
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Gang , Laukkanen Jari A. , Liu Cheng , Song Xing , Zhu Yuqi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is limited information on the association of body mass index (BMI) with left ventricular (LV) remodeling corresponding to severity of reduced lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, we investigated whether BMI is associated with cardiac atrial and ventricular dimensions according to severity of lung functional impairment in Chinese COPD elderly. A total of 563 hospitalized COPD patients with lung function impairment and 184 patients with non-COPD (aged 65–92 years) were collected retrospectively in a cross-sectional study in a university affiliated tertiary hospital in China. BMI and cardiac echocardiographic parameters were compared according to severity of lung functional impairment in COPD patients. BMI was 22.9 ± 3.9 kg/m2 in COPD patients, 24.0 ± 4.1 kg/m2 in non-COPD patients respectively. Reduced BMI, LV mass index, LV wall thickness and left atrial diameter, and dilated right ventricle (RV) existed in COPD patients with severe lung dysfunction as compared the COPD patients with mild to moderate lung functional reduction and non-COPD patients (P < 0.05), while there were no differences in BMI and echocardiographic parameters between the COPD patients with mild to moderate lung functional decline and non-COPD patients (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) was correlated with reduced LV mass and wall thickness, dilated RV and reduced lung function in the COPD patients with severe lung dysfunction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that lower BMI is associated not only with dilated RV and impaired pulmonary function, but also it is related to reduced LV mass in Asian COPD elderly with severe lung dysfunction.
Large scale production of indole-3-acetic acid and evaluation of the inhibitory effect of indole-3-acetic acid on weed growth
Authors: Bunsangiam Sakaoduoen , Thongpae Nutnaree , Limtong Savitree , Srisuk Nantana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class and regulates various plant growth processes. The present study investigated IAA production by the basidiomycetous yeastRhodosporidiobolus fluvialisDMKU-CP293 using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and response surface methodology (RSM). IAA production was optimized in shake-flask culture using a cost-effective medium containing 4.5% crude glycerol, 2% CSL and 0.55% feed-gradel-tryptophan. The optimized medium resulted in a 3.3-fold improvement in IAA production and a 3.6-fold reduction in cost compared with those obtained with a non-optimized medium. Production was then scaled up to a 15-L bioreactor and to a pilot-scale (100-L) bioreactor based on the constant impeller tip speed (Vtip) strategy. By doing so, IAA was successfully produced at a concentration of 3569.32 mg/L at the pilot scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pilot-scale IAA production by microorganisms. In addition, we evaluated the effect of crude IAA on weed growth. The results showed that weed (Cyperus rotundusL.) growth could be inhibited by 50 mg/L of crude IAA. IAA therefore has the potential to be developed as a herbicidal bioproduct to replace the chemical herbicides that have been banned in various countries, including Thailand.
Prediagnostic circulating metabolites in female breast cancer cases with low and high mammographic breast density
Authors: Bendinelli Benedetta , Vignoli Alessia , Palli Domenico , Assedi Melania , Ambrogetti Daniela , Luchinat Claudio , Caini Saverio , Saieva Calogero , Turano Paola , Masala Giovanna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMammographic breast density (MBD) is a strong independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC). We designed a matched case–case study in the EPIC Florence cohort, to evaluate possible associations between the pre-diagnostic metabolomic profile and the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women who developed BC during the follow-up. A case–case design with 100 low-MBD (MBD ≤ 25%) and 100 high-MDB BC cases (MBD > 50%) was performed. Matching variables included age, year and type of mammographic examination.1H NMR metabolomic spectra were available for 87 complete case–case sets. The conditional logistic analyses showed an inverse association between serum levels of alanine, leucine, tyrosine, valine, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, triglycerides lipid main fraction and 11 VLDL lipid subfractions and high-MBD cases. Acetic acid was directly associated with high-MBD cases. In models adjusted for confounding variables, tyrosine remained inversely associated with high-MBD cases while 3 VLDL subfractions of free cholesterol emerged as directly associated with high-MBD cases. A pathway analysis showed that the “phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan pathway” emerged and persisted after applying the FDR procedure. The supervised OPLS-DA analysis revealed a slight but significant separation between high- and low-MBD cases. This case–case study suggested a possible role for pre-diagnostic levels of tyrosine in modulating the risk of BC in high- versus low-MBD women. Moreover, some differences emerged in the pre-diagnostic concentration of other metabolites as well in the metabolomic fingerprints among the two groups of patients.
Design and fabrication of a semi-transparent solar cell considering the effect of the layer thickness of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 transparent top contact on optical and electrical properties
Authors: Çetinkaya Çağlar , Çokduygulular Erman , Kınacı Barış , Güzelçimen Feyza , Özen Yunus , Efkere Halil İbrahim , Candan İdris , Emik Serkan , Özçelik Süleyman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe conducted the present study to design and manufacture a semi-transparent organic solar cell (ST-OSC). First, we formed a transparent top contact as MoO3/Ag/MoO3 in a dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) structure. We performed the production of an FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 ST-OSC by integrating MoO3/Ag/MoO3 (10/$$d_{m}$$

d
m

/$$d_{{od}}$$

d

od

nm) instead of an Ag electrode in an opaque FTO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Ag (–/40/130/10/100 nm) OSC, after theoretically achieving optimal values of optical and electrical parameters depending on Ag layer thickness. The transparency decreased with the increase of $$d_{m}$$

d
m

values for current DMD. Meanwhile, maximum transmittance and average visible transmittance (AVT) indicated the maximum values of over 92% for $$d_{m} ~$$

d
m

= 4 and 8 nm, respectively. For ST-OSCs, the absorption and reflectance increased in the visible region by a wavelength of longer than 560 nm and in the whole near-infrared region by increasing $$d_{m}$$

d
m

up to 16 nm. Moreover, in the CIE chromaticity diagram, we reported a shift towards the D65 Planckian locus for colour coordinates of current ST-OSCs. Electrical analysis indicated the photogenerated current density and AVT values for $$d_{m} = 6$$

d
m

=
6

nm as 63.30 mA/cm2 and 38.52%, respectively. Thus, the theoretical and experimental comparison of optical and electrical characteristics confirmed that the manufactured structure is potentially conducive for a high-performance ST-OSC.
Thermal remote sensing reveals communication between volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group
Authors: Coppola Diego , Laiolo Marco , Massimetti Francesco , Hainzl Sebastian , Shevchenko Alina V. , Mania René , Shapiro Nikolai M. , Walter Thomas R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVolcanoes are traditionally considered isolated with an activity that is mostly independent of the surrounding, with few eruptions only (< 2%) associated with a tectonic earthquake trigger. Evidence is now increasing that volcanoes forming clusters of eruptive centers may simultaneously erupt, show unrest, or even shut-down activity. Using infrared satellite data, we detail 20 years of eruptive activity (2000–2020) at Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Tolbachik, the three active volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (KVG), Kamchatka. We show that the neighboring volcanoes exhibit multiple and reciprocal interactions on different timescales that unravel the magmatic system’s complexity below the KVG. Klyuchevskoy and Bezymianny volcanoes show correlated activity with time-predictable and quasiperiodic behaviors, respectively. This is consistent with magma accumulation and discharge dynamics at both volcanoes, typical of steady-state volcanism. However, Tolbachik volcano can interrupt this steady-state regime and modify the magma output rate of its neighbors for several years. We suggest that below the KVG the transfer of magma at crustal level is modulated by the presence of three distinct but hydraulically connected plumbing systems. Similar complex interactions may occur at other volcanic groups and must be considered to evaluate the hazard of grouped volcanoes.
The Mandarin Voice Handicap Index for Laryngectomees With Pneumatic Artificial Laryngeal and Esophageal Speech
Authors: Wang Chen-Chi , Liao Jia-Shiou , Lai Hsiu-Chin , Lo Yi-Hsuan 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire assesses the impact of total laryngectomy on voice-related quality of life. This study evaluates the Mandarin VHI, including its internal consistency, test–retest reliability, content validity, and differences in scores for Mandarin alaryngeal patients with pneumatic artificial laryngeal (PA) and esophageal (ES) speech.

Method
Translation and validation of the VHI questionnaire was performed through the forward–backward translation technique. This study used a sample of 78 PA and 23 ES participants from Taiwan who completed the Mandarin VHI. Forty-two of the alaryngeal participants completed the Mandarin VHI twice over a period of 7–63 days.

Results
The measurement of the internal consistency of the Mandarin VHI showed a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score (.975) and the functional (.930), physical (.939), and emotional (.938) subscales. Based on the results of the intraclass correlation coefficients, good test–retest reliability for the total and domain scores was found (intraclass correlation coefficient = .827–.863).

Conclusion
The Mandarin VHI was validated as an instrument with proper internal consistency and reliability, which supports the Mandarin VHI as a valid instrument for the self-evaluation of handicaps related to voice problems in PA and ES speakers.
Infants' Preference for Child-Directed Speech Over Time-Reversed Speech in On-Channel and Off-Channel Masking
Authors: Segal Osnat , Kligler Nitzan , Kishon-Rabin Liat 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the development of auditory selective attention to speech in noise by examining the ability of infants to prefer child-directed speech (CDS) over time-reversed speech (TRS) presented in “on-channel” and “off-channel” noise.

Method
A total of 32 infants participated in the study. Sixteen typically developing infants were tested at 7 and 11 months of age using the central fixation procedure with CDS and TRS in two types of noise at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio. One type of noise was an “on-channel” masker with a spectrum overlapping that of the CDS (energetic masking), and the second was an “off-channel” masker with frequencies that were outside the spectrum of the CDS (distractive masking). An additional group of sixteen 11-month-old infants were tested in quiet and served as controls for the “off-frequency” masker condition.

Results
Infants preferred CDS over TRS in both age groups, but this preference was more pronounced with “off-channel” masker regardless of age. Also, older infants demonstrated longer looking time for the target stimuli when presented with an “off-channel” masker compared to the “on-channel” masker. Looking time in quiet was similar to looking time in the “off-channel” condition, and looking time for CDS was longer in quiet compared to the “on-channel” condition.

Conclusions
These findings support the notion that (a) infants as young as 7 months of age are already showing preference for speech in noise, regardless of type of masker; (b) by 11 months of age, listening with the “off-channel” condition did not yield different results than in quiet. Thus, by 11 months of age, infants' cognitive–attentional abilities may be more developed.
Audiovisual English /r/−/l/ Identification Training for Japanese-Speaking Adults and Children
Authors: Shinohara Yasuaki 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study tested the hypothesis that audiovisual training benefits children more than it does adults and that it improves Japanese-speaking children's English /r/−/l/ perception to a native-like level.MethodTen sessions of audiovisual English /r/−/l/ identification training were conducted for Japanese-speaking adults and children. Assessments were made of age effects on the increase in identification accuracy in three testing conditions (audiovisual, visual only, and audio only) and auditory discrimination of the primary acoustic cue (F3 frequency).ResultsThe results showed that both adults and children increased their identification accuracy in the audiovisual condition more than in the single-modality conditions (visual only and audio only). Their improvement in the visual-only condition was larger than that in the audio-only condition. Japanese-speaking adults and children improved their primary acoustic cue (F3) sensitivity to a similar extent. In addition, their identification improvement in the audiovisual condition was positively correlated with those in the audio-only and visual-only conditions. The improvement in the audio-only condition was also positively correlated with that in the visual-only condition and with primary acoustic cue sensitivity.ConclusionIt was unclear whether children had an advantage over adults in improving their identification accuracy, but both age groups improved their auditory and visual perception of the English /r/−/l/ contrast and showed additive effects in the multisensory (i.e., audiovisual) condition.
Word-building means in a political leader’s speech portrait (implicit pragmalinguistics)
Authors: Tyutyunnik Marina 
Published: June 2021

Abstraсt.
The article is concerned with the implicit pragmalinguistics which studies a person’s unconscious choice of verbal means to maximize the impact on the listener. The principles of hidden or implicit pragmalinguistics are put forward. They reveal the dependence of the actualization of hidden grammatical meanings on the speech situation of communication. The present article focuses on the characteristics of blogging as a form of comprehensive political communication. The paper aims at examining the specific features of political online written diaries in open social networks. It is established that the implicit speech influence on mass addressee is carried out by means of speech signals. These verbal signals actualize the plans of emotive and conative-aimed implied speech strategies of the hidden influence of the text sender on its recipient, so the author’s speech portrait is drawn up. Grammatical and textual forms of grammatical and textual categories are considered as speech signals. Along with them implicitly influencing derived lexical units formed by various word-building means are presented as verbal signals in the paper. It is formed the concept of speech behavior. According to the key features of a New Zealand politician’s speech behavior his personality is revealed. It has been developed in the form of the political leader’s speech habits based in the conditions of his national culture.
Historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of global digitalization of education
Authors: Rezer Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of global digitalization of education, to determine the stages of this phenomenon, and to highlight the features of online learning. The objectives of the study are the analysis of sources on the digitalization of education, the definition of the “global digitalization of education” concept, the classification of the stages of this digitalization, and the definition of the main aspects of online learning. The methodology is the use of a comparative analysis of theoretical and practical sources of global digitalization of education. The lack of attention in modern research to the disclosure of the historical and pedagogical subject of this phenomenon was identified. The method of theoretical analysis was used to identify new realities in the educational process. The main aspects of the global digitalization of education were identified by applying the method of deduction and historical and pedagogical analysis. These aspects were classified to positive and negative lists by their impact on the participants of the educational process
The global digitalization of education is the technical and technological development of civilization, as a result of which there was a change in informational social development according to the scheme: informatization-digitalization-artificial intelligence. It led to the new forms of thinking and socialization of the individual in the digital educational environment.
The phasing is from the 60s of the last century and to the present, due to the rapid technological progress.