bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical evolution of anisotropic response of type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4 under ultrafast photoexcitation
Authors: Zhuo Xiao , Lai Jiawei , Yu Peng , Yu Ze , Ma Junchao , Lu Wei , Liu Miao , Liu Zheng , Sun Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLayered type-II Weyl semimetals, such as WTe2, MoTe2, and TaIrTe4 have been demonstrated as a supreme photodetection material with topologically enhanced responsivity and specific sensitivity to the orbital angular momentum of light. Toward future device applications with high performance and ultrafast response, it is necessary to understand the dynamical processes of hot carriers and transient electronic properties of these materials under photoexcitation. In this work, mid-infrared ultrafast spectroscopy is performed to study the dynamical evolution of the anisotropic response of TaIrTe4. The dynamical relaxation of photoexcited carriers exhibits three exponential decay components relating to optical/acoustic phonon cooling and subsequent heat transfer to the substrate. The ultrafast transient dynamics imply that TaIrTe4 is an ideal material candidate for ultrafast optoelectronic applications, especially in the long-wavelength region. The angle-resolved measurement of transient reflection reveals that the reflectivity becomes less anisotropic in the quasi-equilibrium state, indicating a reduction in the anisotropy of dynamical conductivity in presence of photoexcited hot carriers. The results are indispensable in material engineering for polarization-sensitive optoelectronics and high field electronics.
Role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the antidepressant actions of lactate
Authors: Carrard Anthony , Cassé Frédéric , Carron Charline , Burlet-Godinot Sophie , Toni Nicolas , Magistretti Pierre J. , Martin Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn addition to its role as a neuronal energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation, recent evidence shows that lactate produces antidepressant effects in animal models. However, the mechanisms underpinning lactate’s antidepressant actions remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that lactate reverses the effects of corticosterone on depressive-like behavior, as well as on the inhibition of both the survival and proliferation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Furthermore, the inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis prevents the antidepressant-like effects of lactate. Pyruvate, the oxidized form of lactate, did not mimic the effects of lactate on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and depression-like behavior. Finally, our data suggest that conversion of lactate to pyruvate with the concomitant production of NADH is necessary for the neurogenic and antidepressant effects of lactate.
LMW cyclin E and its novel catalytic partner CDK5 are therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in salivary gland cancers
Authors: Lulla Amriti R. , Akli Said , Karakas Cansu , Ha Min Jin , Fowlkes Natalie W. , Mitani Yoshitsugu , Bui Tuyen , Wang Jing , Rao Xiayu , Hunt Kelly K. , Meijer Laurent , El-Naggar Adel K. , Keyomarsi Khandan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSalivary gland cancers (SGCs) are rare yet aggressive malignancies with significant histological heterogeneity, which has made prediction of prognosis and development of targeted therapies challenging. In majority of patients, local recurrence and/or distant metastasis are common and systemic treatments have minimal impact on survival. Therefore, identification of novel targets for treatment that can also be used as predictors of recurrence for multiple histological subtypes of SGCs is an area of unmet need. In this study, we developed a novel transgenic mouse model of SGC, efficiently recapitulating the major histological subtype (adenocarcinomas of the parotid gland) of human SGC. CDK2 knock out (KO) mice crossed with MMTV-low molecular weight forms of cyclin E (LMW-E) mice generated the transgenic mouse models of SGC, which arise in the parotid region of the salivary gland, similar to the common site of origin seen in human SGCs. To identify the CDK2 independent catalytic partner(s) of LMW-E, we used LMW-E expressing cell lines in mass spectrometric analysis and subsequent biochemical validation in pull down assays. These studies revealed that in the absence of CDK2, LMW-E preferentially binds to CDK5. Molecular targeting of CDK5, using siRNA, resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation of human SGCs overexpressing LMW-E. We also provide clinical evidence of significant association of LMW-E/CDK5 co-expression and decreased recurrence free survival in human SGC. Immunohistochemical analysis of LMW-E and CDK5 in 424 patients representing each of the four major histological subtypes of human salivary cancers (Aci, AdCC, MEC, and SDC) revealed that LMW-E and CDK5 are concordantly (positive/positive or negative/negative) expressed in 70% of these patients. The co-expression of LMW-E/CDK5 (both positive) robustly predicts the likelihood of recurrence, regardless of the histological classification of these tumors. Collectively, our results suggest that CDK5 is a novel and targetable biomarker for the treatment of patients with SGC presenting with LMW-E overexpressing tumors.
Damage-free transfer mechanics of 2-dimensional materials: competition between adhesion instability and tensile strain
Authors: Kim Chan , Yoon Min-Ah , Jang Bongkyun , Kim Hyeon-Don , Kim Jae-Hyun , Hoang Anh Tuan , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Jung Hyun-June , Lee Hak-Joo , Kim Kwang-Seop 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe transfer of two-dimensional (2D) materials is crucial to the realization of 2D material-based devices for practical applications. The thinness of 2D materials renders them prone to mechanical damage during the transfer process and to degradation of their superior electrical and mechanical properties. Herein, the mechanisms involved in the damage of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene (Gr) and MoS2 are investigated during a roll-based transfer process. We identify two different damage mechanisms, i.e., instability-induced damage and tensile strain-induced damage. The two mechanisms compete, depending on the thickness of the transfer medium, and induce dissimilar damage. By minimizing these two mechanisms, we realize and demonstrate the damage-free transfer of 2D materials. The sheet resistance and mobility of transferred Gr are 235 ± 29 Ω sq–1 and 2250 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, with no microscopic cracks or tear-out damage. We observe instability-induced damage to be ubiquitous in monolayer MoS2, thin metals, and thin oxide films. By understanding the instability-induced damage mechanism, a broad range of 2D materials and thin films can be transferred without mechanical damage. Damage-free transfer will contribute to the high-yield fabrication of 2D material-based electronic devices.
A novel COL4A1 variant associated with recurrent epistaxis and glioblastoma
Authors: Muto Kohei , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Terasawa Yuka , Shimatani Yoshimitsu , Hara Keijiro , Kakimoto Takumi , Fukumoto Tatsuya , Osaki Yusuke , Fujita Koji , Harada Masafumi , Uehara Hisanori , Takagi Yasushi , Izumi Yuishin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCOL4A1-related disorders are characterized by a higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage than other hereditary cerebral small vessel diseases. Accumulating data have shown broad phenotypic variations, and extracerebral hemorrhages have been linked to these disorders. Moreover, the coexistence of neural tumors has been described. Here, we report a Japanese family with a novel COL4A1 variant, including a patient with recurrent epistaxis and glioblastoma.
Submarine landslide megablocks show half of Anak Krakatau island failed on December 22nd, 2018
Authors: Hunt J. E. , Tappin D. R. , Watt S. F. L. , Susilohadi S. , Novellino A. , Ebmeier S. K. , Cassidy M. , Engwell S. L. , Grilli S. T. , Hanif M. , Priyanto W. S. , Clare M. A. , Abdurrachman M. , Udrekh U. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs demonstrated at Anak Krakatau on December 22nd, 2018, tsunamis generated by volcanic flank collapse are incompletely understood and can be devastating. Here, we present the first high-resolution characterisation of both subaerial and submarine components of the collapse. Combined Synthetic Aperture Radar data and aerial photographs reveal an extensive subaerial failure that bounds pre-event deformation and volcanic products. To the southwest of the volcano, bathymetric and seismic reflection data reveal a blocky landslide deposit (0.214 ± 0.036 km3) emplaced over 1.5 km into the adjacent basin. Our findings are consistent with en-masse lateral collapse with a volume ≥0.175 km3, resolving several ambiguities in previous reconstructions. Post-collapse eruptions produced an additional ~0.3 km3 of tephra, burying the scar and landslide deposit. The event provides a model for lateral collapse scenarios at other arc-volcanic islands showing that rapid island growth can lead to large-scale failure and that even faster rebuilding can obscure pre-existing collapse.
Engineering T cells to enhance 3D migration through structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments
Authors: Tabdanov Erdem D. , Rodríguez-Merced Nelson J. , Cartagena-Rivera Alexander X. , Puram Vikram V. , Callaway Mackenzie K. , Ensminger Ethan A. , Pomeroy Emily J. , Yamamoto Kenta , Lahr Walker S. , Webber Beau R. , Moriarity Branden S. , Zhovmer Alexander S. , Provenzano Paolo P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDefining the principles of T cell migration in structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments is critical to understanding escape from antitumor immunity and optimizing T cell-related therapeutic strategies. Here, we engineered nanotextured elastic platforms to study and enhance T cell migration through complex microenvironments and define how the balance between contractility localization-dependent T cell phenotypes influences migration in response to tumor-mimetic structural and mechanical cues. Using these platforms, we characterize a mechanical optimum for migration that can be perturbed by manipulating an axis between microtubule stability and force generation. In 3D environments and live tumors, we demonstrate that microtubule instability, leading to increased Rho pathway-dependent cortical contractility, promotes migration whereas clinically used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapies profoundly decrease effective migration. We show that rational manipulation of the microtubule-contractility axis, either pharmacologically or through genome engineering, results in engineered T cells that more effectively move through and interrogate 3D matrix and tumor volumes. Thus, engineering cells to better navigate through 3D microenvironments could be part of an effective strategy to enhance efficacy of immune therapeutics.
Mitochondrial ATP fuels ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux in cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Giddings Emily L. , Champagne Devin P. , Wu Meng-Han , Laffin Joshua M. , Thornton Tina M. , Valenca-Pereira Felipe , Culp-Hill Rachel , Fortner Karen A. , Romero Natalia , East James , Cao Phoebe , Arias-Pulido Hugo , Sidhu Karatatiwant S. , Silverstrim Brian , Kam Yoonseok , Kelley Shana , Pereira Mark , Bates Susan E. , Bunn Janice Y. , Fiering Steven N. , Matthews Dwight E. , Robey Robert W. , Stich Domink , D’Alessandro Angelo , Rincon Mercedes 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChemotherapy remains the standard of care for most cancers worldwide, however development of chemoresistance due to the presence of the drug-effluxing ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters remains a significant problem. The development of safe and effective means to overcome chemoresistance is critical for achieving durable remissions in many cancer patients. We have investigated the energetic demands of ABC transporters in the context of the metabolic adaptations of chemoresistant cancer cells. Here we show that ABC transporters use mitochondrial-derived ATP as a source of energy to efflux drugs out of cancer cells. We further demonstrate that the loss of methylation-controlled J protein (MCJ) (also named DnaJC15), an endogenous negative regulator of mitochondrial respiration, in chemoresistant cancer cells boosts their ability to produce ATP from mitochondria and fuel ABC transporters. We have developed MCJ mimetics that can attenuate mitochondrial respiration and safely overcome chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo. Administration of MCJ mimetics in combination with standard chemotherapeutic drugs could therefore become an alternative strategy for treatment of multiple cancers.
Printable homocomposite hydrogels with synergistically reinforced molecular-colloidal networks
Authors: Williams Austin H. , Roh Sangchul , Jacob Alan R. , Stoyanov Simeon D. , Hsiao Lilian , Velev Orlin D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe design of hydrogels where multiple interpenetrating networks enable enhanced mechanical properties can broaden their field of application in biomedical materials, 3D printing, and soft robotics. We report a class of self-reinforced homocomposite hydrogels (HHGs) comprised of interpenetrating networks of multiscale hierarchy. A molecular alginate gel is reinforced by a colloidal network of hierarchically branched alginate soft dendritic colloids (SDCs). The reinforcement of the molecular gel with the nanofibrillar SDC network of the same biopolymer results in a remarkable increase of the HHG’s mechanical properties. The viscoelastic HHGs show >3× larger storage modulus and >4× larger Young’s modulus than either constitutive network at the same concentration. Such synergistically enforced colloidal-molecular HHGs open up numerous opportunities for formulation of biocompatible gels with robust structure-property relationships. Balance of the ratio of their precursors facilitates precise control of the yield stress and rate of self-reinforcement, enabling efficient extrusion 3D printing of HHGs.
Alkali-deficiency driven charged out-of-phase boundaries for giant electromechanical response
Authors: Wu Haijun , Ning Shoucong , Waqar Moaz , Liu Huajun , Zhang Yang , Wu Hong-Hui , Li Ning , Wu Yuan , Yao Kui , Lookman Turab , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Wang John , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTraditional strategies for improving piezoelectric properties have focused on phase boundary engineering through complex chemical alloying and phase control. Although they have been successfully employed in bulk materials, they have not been effective in thin films due to the severe deterioration in epitaxy, which is critical to film properties. Contending with the opposing effects of alloying and epitaxy in thin films has been a long-standing issue. Herein we demonstrate a new strategy in alkali niobate epitaxial films, utilizing alkali vacancies without alloying to form nanopillars enclosed with out-of-phase boundaries that can give rise to a giant electromechanical response. Both atomically resolved polarization mapping and phase field simulations show that the boundaries are strained and charged, manifesting as head-head and tail-tail polarization bound charges. Such charged boundaries produce a giant local depolarization field, which facilitates a steady polarization rotation between the matrix and nanopillars. The local elastic strain and charge manipulation at out-of-phase boundaries, demonstrated here, can be used as an effective pathway to obtain large electromechanical response with good temperature stability in similar perovskite oxides.
Tunable high-temperature itinerant antiferromagnetism in a van der Waals magnet
Authors: Seo Junho , An Eun Su , Park Taesu , Hwang Soo-Yoon , Kim Gi-Yeop , Song Kyung , Noh Woo-suk , Kim J. Y. , Choi Gyu Seung , Choi Minhyuk , Oh Eunseok , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Park J. -H. , Jo Youn Jung , Yeom Han Woong , Choi Si-Young , Shim Ji Hoon , Kim Jun Sung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiscovery of two dimensional (2D) magnets, showing intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) orders, has accelerated development of novel 2D spintronics, in which all the key components are made of van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures. High-performing and energy-efficient spin functionalities have been proposed, often relying on current-driven manipulation and detection of the spin states. In this regard, metallic vdW magnets are expected to have several advantages over the widely-studied insulating counterparts, but have not been much explored due to the lack of suitable materials. Here, we report tunable itinerant ferro- and antiferromagnetism in Co-doped Fe4GeTe2 utilizing the vdW interlayer coupling, extremely sensitive to the material composition. This leads to high TN antiferromagnetism of TN ~ 226 K in a bulk and ~210 K in 8 nm-thick nanoflakes, together with tunable magnetic anisotropy. The resulting spin configurations and orientations are sensitively controlled by doping, magnetic field, and thickness, which are effectively read out by electrical conduction. These findings manifest strong merits of metallic vdW magnets as an active component of vdW spintronic applications.
Total genetic contribution assessment across the human genome
Authors: Li Ting , Ning Zheng , Yang Zhijian , Zhai Ranran , Zheng Chenqing , Xu Wenzheng , Wang Yipeng , Ying Kejun , Chen Yiwen , Shen Xia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuantifying the overall magnitude of every single locus’ genetic effect on the widely measured human phenome is of great challenge. We introduce a unified modelling technique that can consistently provide a total genetic contribution assessment (TGCA) of a gene or genetic variant without thresholding genetic association signals. Genome-wide TGCA in five UK Biobank phenotype domains highlights loci such as the HLA locus for medical conditions, the bone mineral density locus WNT16 for physical measures, and the skin tanning locus MC1R and smoking behaviour locus CHRNA3 for lifestyle. Tissue-specificity investigation reveals several tissues associated with total genetic contributions, including the brain tissues for mental health. Such associations are driven by tissue-specific gene expressions, which share genetic basis with the total genetic contributions. TGCA can provide a genome-wide atlas for the overall genetic contributions in each particular domain of human complex traits.
Cryo-EM structures of an insecticidal Bt toxin reveal its mechanism of action on the membrane
Authors: Byrne Matthew J. , Iadanza Matthew G. , Perez Marcos Arribas , Maskell Daniel P. , George Rachel M. , Hesketh Emma L. , Beales Paul A. , Zack Marc D. , Berry Colin , Thompson Rebecca F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInsect pests are a major cause of crop losses worldwide, with an estimated economic cost of $470 billion annually. Biotechnological tools have been introduced to control such insects without the need for chemical pesticides; for instance, the development of transgenic plants harbouring genes encoding insecticidal proteins. The Vip3 (vegetative insecticidal protein 3) family proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis convey toxicity to species within the Lepidoptera, and have wide potential applications in commercial agriculture. Vip3 proteins are proposed to exert their insecticidal activity through pore formation, though to date there is no mechanistic description of how this occurs on the membrane. Here we present cryo-EM structures of a Vip3 family toxin in both inactive and activated forms in conjunction with structural and functional data on toxin–membrane interactions. Together these data demonstrate that activated Vip3Bc1 complex is able to insert into membranes in a highly efficient manner, indicating that receptor binding is the likely driver of Vip3 specificity.
Andreev reflection of fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles
Authors: Hashisaka M. , Jonckheere T. , Akiho T. , Sasaki S. , Rech J. , Martin T. , Muraki K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElectron correlation in a quantum many-body state appears as peculiar scattering behaviour at its boundary, symbolic of which is Andreev reflection at a metal-superconductor interface. Despite being fundamental in nature, dictated by the charge conservation law, however, the process has had no analogues outside the realm of superconductivity so far. Here, we report the observation of an Andreev-like process originating from a topological quantum many-body effect instead of superconductivity. A narrow junction between fractional and integer quantum Hall states shows a two-terminal conductance exceeding that of the constituent fractional state. This remarkable behaviour, while theoretically predicted more than two decades ago but not detected to date, can be interpreted as Andreev reflection of fractionally charged quasiparticles. The observed fractional quantum Hall Andreev reflection provides a fundamental picture that captures microscopic charge dynamics at the boundaries of topological quantum many-body states.
Real-time monitoring of ruminal microbiota reveals their roles in dairy goats during subacute ruminal acidosis
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Su Xiaodong , Li Jilong , Yang Yuntian , Wang Peiyue , Yan Fang , Yao Junhu , Wu Shengru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRuminal microbiota changes frequently with high grain diets and the occurrence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). A grain-induced goat model of SARA, with durations of a significant decrease in the rumen pH value to less than 5.6 and an increase in the rumen lipopolysaccharides concentration, is constructed for real-time monitoring of bacteria alteration. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, significant bacterial differences between goats from the SARA and healthy groups are identified at every hour for six continuous hours after feeding. Moreover, 29 common differential genera between two groups over 6 h after feeding are all related to the altered pH and lipopolysaccharides. Transplanting the microbiota from donor goats with SARA could induce colonic inflammation in antibiotic-pretreated mice. Overall, significant differences in the bacterial community and rumen fermentation pattern between the healthy and SARA dairy goats are real-time monitored, and then tested using ruminal microbe transplantation to antibiotic-treated mice.