bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of Active Ingredients and Mechanisms of Tongxinluo Against Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hu Meng-Jin , Chen Gui-Hao , Yang Yue-Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this network pharmacology was to explore the potential active ingredients and mechanisms of Tongxinluo (TXL) against acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: We selected active ingredients and targets of TXL according to TCMSP database and converted protein targets into gene symbol by UniProt database. Therapeutic gene targets on AMI were collected from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. The overlapping genes between ingredients and AMI were identified using Venn diagram. Then, the interaction network between ingredients and overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed by String database. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes were carried out by metascape platform.Results: A total of 111 active ingredients, 184 ingredient-related genes, and 1020 AMI-related genes were retrieved using public databases. Eventually, 79 overlapping genes between TXL and AMI were identified. Cytoscape and PPI results suggested that the active ingredients and genes of TXL against AMI consisted of 66 active ingredients and 79 genes, among them beta-sitosterol and IL-6 were the uppermost active ingredient and hub gene, respectively. Metascape results exhibited that the key mechanism of TXL against AMI might be reducing oxidative stress in cell membrane by inactivating pathways in cancer.Conclusion: This network pharmacology study reveals potential mechanisms of multi-target and multi-component TXL in the treatment of AMI, providing scientific evidence for further expounding the active ingredients and mechanisms of TXL against AMI.
Temperature Variation on Coal Gangue Dumps under the Action of Heat Pipe: Case Study on Yinying Coal Mine in China
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhang Yongbo , Niu Jinrong , Gao Tong , Wang Zhigang , Shi Hong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coal gangue in long-term accumulation will often appear spontaneous combustion phenomenon. Generally, the disaster caused by it has always been one of the serious problems threatening the health of residents in the mining area. Master the regularity of deep temperature distribution and eliminate the internal heat is an effective method to control the spontaneous combustion. In this study, using the self-developed heat pipe (HP) and intelligent cloud monitoring software, three groups of single pipe experiments were carried out in different temperature areas of the coal gangue dump in Yinying Coal Mine, to analyze the internal temperature variation under the action of HP. The results show that the temperature is obviously restrained by the HP, and the average cooling range reaches 21.44% within 700h. However, the temperature of the control group without HP continued to rise by 8%. In the three groups of experiments, the effective control radius of single HP is 3m. When the depth of gangue is 1 ~ 4m and the temperature between 90 ℃ ~ 450 ℃, the cooling effect is the best. It revealed that the HP had a substantial effect on thermal removal and inhibited spontaneous coal gangue combustion. In addition, this paper provides a theoretical basis for the HP treatment of spontaneous combustion coal gangue dumps technology.
The Bradyrhizobium Sp. LmicA16 Type VI Secretion System is Required for Efficient Nodulation of Lupinus Spp.
Authors: L. Tighilt , F. Boulila , BFS De Sousa , E Giraud , T Ruiz-Argüeso , JM Palacios , J Imperial , L Rey 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Many bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium are capable of inducing nodules in legumes. In this work, the importance of a type VI secretion system (T6SS) in a symbiotic strain of the genus Bradyrhizobium is described. T6SS of Bradyrhizobium sp. LmicA16 (A16) is necessary for efficient nodulation with Lupinus micranthus and L. angustifolius . A mutant in the gene vgrG, coding for a component of the T6SS nanostructure, induced less nodules and smaller plants than the wild type strain (wt) and was less competitive when co-inoculated with the wt strain. A16 T6SS genes are organized in a 26 kb DNA region in two divergent gene clusters of nine genes each. One of these genes codes for a protein (Tsb1) of unknown function but containing a methyltransferase domain. A tsb1 mutant showed an intermediate symbiotic phenotype regarding vgrG mutant and higher mucoidy and motility than the wt strain in free living conditions. T6SS promoter fusions to the lacZ reporter indicate expression in nodules but not in free living cells grown in different media and conditions. The analysis of nodule structure revealed that the level of nodule colonization was significantly reduced in the mutants with respect to the wt strain.
Economic Burden Attributable to Healthcare-Associated Infections in Tertiary Public Hospitals of Central China: A Multi-Center Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Peng , Li Yan , Zhang Youjian , Bao Junzhe , Yuan Ruixia , Lan Hongwen , Sun Mingjie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHealthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and cost, which vary widely by region and hospital. We aimed to calculate losses attributable to HAI in central China.MethodsWe performed a three-stage random sampling and employed a 1:1 matched case-control study in tertiary public hospitals of Central China. The direct medical cost attributable to HAIs was calculated, and then compared among different types of HAIs by employing a subgroup analysis.ResultsA total of 2976 patients in 10 hospitals were enrolled, and the incidence rate of HAI (range, 0.88%-4.15%) was significantly, but negatively associated with the cost per 1000 beds of its prevention (range, $24929.76-$53146.41; r=-0.76). The per capita economic loss attributable to HAIs was $2047.07 (interquartile range, $327.63-$6429.17), mainly from the pharmaceutical cost (median, $1044.39). The HAIs, which occurred in patients with commercial medical insurance, affected the hematologic system and caused by A. baumannii, contributed most to the losses (median, $3881.55, $4734.20 and $9882.75, respectively), and a significant correlation existed between the economic loss and age (r=0.26). Furthermore, the economic losses attributable to device-associated infections and hospital-acquired multi-drug resistant bacteria were 2 to 4 times those of the controls.ConclusionsThe economic burden attributable to HAI in central China is heavy, and opportunities for easing this burden exist in several areas, including that strengthening antibiotic stewardship and practicing effective bundle of HAI prevention for patients carrying high risk factors, for example, elders or those with catheterizations in healthcare institutions, and accelerating the medical insurance payment system reform based on Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) by policy-making departments.
An Automatic Detection Model of Microaneurysms Based on Improved FC-Densenet
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Yao Mudi , Li Xiaokai , Jiang Qing , Yan Biao 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common eye disease, which leads cause of blindness all around the world. Microaneurysms (MAs) is one of the early symptoms of DR. Accurate and effective MAs detection and segmentation is an important step for the diagnosis and treatment of DR. In this paper, we propose an automatic model for detection of MAs in fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) images. The model mainly consists of two steps. The first step is pre-processing of FFA images, where the quality of FFA images is improved by Histogram Stretching and Gaussian Filtering algorithm. The second step is to detect MAs regions, where the MAs regions are detected by improved FC-DenseNet. We compare the proposed model with traditional FC-DenseNet model and other previously published models. The experimental result shows that our proposed model has the highest scores on evaluation metrics of pixel accuracy (PA), mean pixel accuracy (MPA), precision (Pre), recall (Re), F1-score (F1) and mean intersection over union (MIoU), which are 99.97%, 94.19%, 88.40%, 89.70%, 88.98% and 90.14%, respectively. The result suggests that the performance of our proposed model is closer to the ground truth of MAs detection. Our proposed model would be helpful for ophthalmologists to find the symptoms more quickly and to take better treatment measures in the screening process of diabetic retinopathy.
Uses of radio emission spectroscopy for non-contact and in situ diagnostics of low pressure radio frequency plasma processing
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Rajani K. , Kelly Sean , Coates David , Gaman Cezar , MacGearailt Niall , McNally Patrick 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate that a passive non-contact diagnostic technique, radio emission spectroscopy (RES), provides a sensitive monitor of currents in a low pressure radio frequency (RF) plasma. A near field magnetic loop antenna was used to capture RF emissions from the plasma without perturbing it. The analysis was implemented for a capacitively coupled RF plasma with an RF supply at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. Real-time measurements are captured in scenarios relevant to contemporary challenges faced during semiconductor fabrication (e.g. window coating and wall disturbance). Exploration of the technique for key equipment parameters including applied RF power, chamber pressure, RF bias frequencies and chamber wall cleanliness shows sensitive and repeatable function. In particular, the induced RES signal was found to vary sensitively to pressure changes and we were able to detect pressure and power variations as low as ~2.5 %/mtorr and ~3.5 %/watt, respectively, during the plasma processing during a trial generic plasma process. Finally, we explored the ability of RES to monitor the operation of a multiple frequency low-pressure RF plasma system (f1 = 2 MHz, f2 = 162 MHz) and intermixing products which suggests strongly that the plasma sheaths are the primary source of this non-linear diode mixing effect.
Do we swallow the waste from our brain?
Authors: Leaston Joshua , Kulkarni Praveen , Gharagouzloo Codi , Qiao Ju , Bens Nicole , Ferris Craig 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ferumoxytol an iron oxide nanoparticle was infused into the lateral cerebroventricle of awake rats to follow its movement and clearance from the brain using magnetic resonance imaging. Within minutes the contrast agent could be observed accumulating on the soft palate at the back of the throat. In a subsequent study fluorescent quantum dots were infused into the brain of rats and within 15 min could be observed in the esophagus using microscopy. These imaging studies clearly show the gut is helping to clear waste from the brain.
Characterization of Heavy Metals in Typical River Sediments on the West Bank of Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Wang Fei , Ren Xiaoming , Qiu Yang , Cheng Jiade , Chen Yan , Wang Lingling , Zhang Limin , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, nine heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Hg, Pb, Cu, Ni, Be, Sb) in typical river sediments of Wujin and Yixing, two cities on the west bank of Taihu Lake, were determined. Variety of statistical methods were applied to analyze the distribution, sources, pollution status and the potential ecological risk of these metals. The results showed that the mean concentrations for most of the heavy metals in sediments exceeded their local background values, except for Hg and Be. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) analysis showed the partially serious contaminated status and strong potential ecological risk for Cd in most sites. The highest contamination level was observed in the estuary of Taihu Lake and most of the sediment samples were polluted and under risk. Principal component analysis (PCA), Cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis demonstrated that Ni, Sb, Cr and Cu were controlled by industrial sources, whereas the other metals appeared to be influenced by complex origins including industrial, agricultural and natural sources.
Evaluation of Rockfall Hazard Based On UAV Technology And 3D Rockfall Simulations
Authors: Utlu Mustafa , ÖZTÜRK Muhammed Zeynel , Şimşek Mesut 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, the rockfall hazard in Hacıabdullah village located in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey was assessed with three-dimensional (3D) rockfall analyses based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. With several rockfall disasters experienced in the village, the final event occurred as severe rockfall in 2008 and several houses were evacuated due to rockfall risk after this event. In order for the rockfall hazard to be assessed close to reality in the study area, rocks with falling potential identified in the field were assessed using high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) data produced from images obtained with UAV. During field studies, 17 rocks with fall hazard were identified and dimensional measurements were performed. According to dimensional values, the geometric and volumetric features of each rock were assessed close to reality with the RAMMS 3D rockfall modelling program. As a result of modelling, the kinetic energies of the rocks were identified to reach up to 3476 kJ, with velocities of up to 23.1 m/s and bounce heights of up to 14.57 m. On steep slopes rocks do not travel very long distances; however, in gentle slopes, they were identified to be able to roll very long distances. Rocks that do not move very far from the source are; in other words, where the fall process is dominant, may create damage on roads mainly. However, those with the feature of rolling, in other words, blocks which can travel long distances from the source area, have the potential to cause great damage to settlement areas, roads and trees. According to the hazard map, modelling of rock blocks numbered R6, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 showed settlement units were within the high and moderate risk areas.
Formulating Intuitionistic Fuzzy Regression Models: A Mathematical Programming Approach
Authors: Nien Sheng-Hsing , Chen Liang-Hsuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study develops a mathematical programming approach to establish intuitionistic fuzzy regression models (IFRMs) by considering the randomness and fuzziness of intuitionistic fuzzy observations. In contrast to existing approaches, the IFRMs are established in terms of five ordinary regression models representing the components of the estimated triangular intuitionistic fuzzy response variable. The optimal parameters of the five ordinary regression models are determined by solving the proposed mathematical programming problem, which is linearized to make the resolution process efficient. Based on the concepts of randomness and fuzziness in the formulation processes, the proposed approach can improve on existing approaches’ weaknesses with establishing IFRMs, such as the limitation of symmetrical triangular membership (or non-membership) functions, the determination of parameter signs in the model, and the wide spread of the estimated responses. In addition, some numerical explanatory variables included in the intuitionistic fuzzy observations are also allowed in the proposed approach, even though it was developed for intuitionistic fuzzy observations. In contrast to existing approaches, the proposed approach is general and flexible in applications. Comparisons show that the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in terms of similarity and distance measures.
Increasing Rate of a Positive Family History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Pediatric IBD Patients
Authors: Ruban Maya , Slavick Adam , Amir Achiya , Ben-Tov Amir , Moran-Lev Hadar , Weintraub Yael , Anafy Adi , Cohen Shlomi , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The role of a positive family history in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the era of biologic therapy has not been elucidated. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with IBD and retrieved demographic and clinical characteristics, including the presence of a positive family history of IBD, IBD phenotype, disease course, and therapy. Overall, 325 children (age range at diagnosis 11-15 years) were included, of whom 82 (25.2%) had a positive family history. Children diagnosed during 2016-2020 had a higher frequency of positive family history compared to those diagnosed during 2010-2015 (31.8% versus 20.7%, respectively, p = 0.024). Children with a positive family history had a higher risk for a stricturing phenotype than those with a negative family history (11.3% versus 2.8%, respectively, p = 0.052). They more often received nutritional therapy (53.7% versus 36.6%, p = 0.007) and less often received corticosteroids (36.6% versus 52.7%, p = 0.012). More children with a negative family history needed intensification of biologic therapy (p = 0.041). Conclusion: The rate of a positive family history of IBD in the pediatric IBD population is increasing. A positive family history may have some impact upon IBD phenotype but none on IBD outcome.
Organochlorine Pesticides Occurrence In Fish Muscle And Their Public Health Risks In Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Agmas Birhan , Adugna Marshet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pesticides are the parent compounds, their metabolites, and associated impurities of agricultural and health chemical inputs. If they are found concentration level higher than the standard limits, they have potential negative impacts on ecosystem in general and in fish and humans in particular. This study investigates organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residue occurrences in fish muscle and assesses their public health potential risks, in North West Ethiopia. The concentration of OCPs residue under GC-ECD detected in 37.84% fish muscle samples. The mean amount detected were Endosalfan I, 341.50 ± 32.19 μg/kg; Endosalfan II, 36.01 ± 2.3μg/kg; Endosalfan sulfate, 5.43 ± 4.06 μg/kg; 4,4, DDE, 64.01 ± 9.08μg /kg; 4, 4, DDD, 5.65 ± 3.12μg /kg; and 4,4, DDT, 1.58 ± 0.30μg/kg. The mean concentration of Endosalfan I tested fish muscle sample was higher than that of permissible limit of different international standards. However, due to low per capital consumption rate of fish origin food in Ethiopia, health risk index (HRI) ranges from 0.002-0.1275 which shows there is no public health risk. This study highlights the possibilities of chemical residues occurrence in fish food products and hence pesticide use regulations and monitoring concentration level should be implemented regularly to avoid human and environmental health risks.
Self-Amplification of Oxidative Stress with Tumor Microenvironment-Activatable Iron-Doped Nanoplatform for Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Synergistic Cascade Therapy and Diagnosis
Authors: Zhou Qiao-Mei , Lu Yuan-Fei , Zhou Jia-Ping , Yang Xiao-Yan , Wang Xiao-Jie , Yu Jie-Ni , Du Yong-Zhong , Yu Ri-Sheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The rapid development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment resistance has become a technical bottleneck for clinical treatment. Conventional chemotherapy has long been regarded as ineffective against HCC because of the insensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with a definite Fenton reaction mechanism that converts endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Therefore, we have developed an ultrasensitive iron-doped magnetic mesoporous silica nanoplatform (DOX@Fe-HMON-Tf NPs) for HCC-targeted synergistic cascade therapy and diagnosis.
Results

This organic/inorganic nanoplatform consists of a silica shell doped with iron and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (BTES) and the etched core loaded DOX that generate H2O2 in situ to enhance the ferroptosis effect. DOX@Fe-HMON-Tf NPs can efectively internalized into hepatoma cells by precise delivery through the transferrin grafted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) outside the shell. The resulting nanoplatform can be activated by the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which the glutathione (GSH)-responsive biodegradability could synergize with the therapeutic interaction between DOX and iron and induce tumor cells death through complementary ferroptosis and apoptosis mechanisms. At the same time, the nanoplatform has a superparamagnetic framework that can be used for treatment guidance and monitoring under the guidance of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Conclusion

The rationally designed nanoplatform provides a new strategy for anti-tumor effects with self-amplified synergistic chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on ferroptosis, and magnetic resonance imaging that realizes the integration of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.
Intestinal Microsporidiosis Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Sana’a City, Yemen: First Report on Prevalence and Predictors
Authors: Al-Barhami Kwkab A. R. , Abdul-Ghani Rashad , Al-Qobati Salah A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Intestinal microsporidiosis is an opportunistic infection associated with persistent diarrhea among HIV/AIDS patients. In Yemen, however, its epidemiology is unknown. Therefore, this study determined its prevalence and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sana'a city, Yemen.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 402 patients receiving ART at Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital in Sana'a from November 2019 to December 2020. Data about demographics, clinical characteristics and risk factors were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined for microsporidian spores using the Gram-chromotrope Kinyoun staining. Blood samples were also collected and used for CD4 cell counting by flow cytometry. Univariate analysis was used to test the association of patients’ characteristics and risk factors with intestinal microsporidiosis. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the independent predictors of infection. Statistical significance was considered at P-values <0.05. Results: Intestinal microsporidiosis was prevalent among 14.2% (57/402) of HIV/AIDS patients but was not significantly associated with any of the studied demographics, source of drinking water, bathing and/or swimming outdoors, contact with soil, presence of domestic animals or indiscriminate defecation. However, it was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–6.6; P=0.001) and <200 CD4 cells/µl (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–5.0; P=0.001). The significant independent predictors of infection were <200 CD4 cells/µl (AOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.5–6.9; P=0.003), not washing hands after contacting soil (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.4; P=0.026) and before eating (AOR=3.1, 95% CI: 1.5–6.4; P=0.003), eating unwashed raw produce (AOR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.3; P=0.017) and absence of indoor latrines (AOR=6.2, 95% CI: 1.5–25.9; P=0.012).Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients in Sana'a is high and comparable to that several other countries, being prevalent among approximately 14.0% of patients and significantly associated with diarrhea. It could be predicted among patients who have <200 CD4 cells/µl, poor hand hygiene after contacting soil and before eating, usually eat unwashed raw produce and do not possess indoor latrines. Large-scale studies on its epidemiology and predictors among HIV/AIDS patients across the country are warranted.