bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid–Structure Interaction Effects of a Partially Immersed, Cantilevered Hydrofoil
Authors: Zeng Yongshun , Qi Xin , Shu Lingfeng , Yao Zhifeng , Zhou Lingjiu , Wang Fujun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Knowledge of the modal parameters of the guide vane is essential for evaluating the operating stability of pump-turbines. In the present investigation, experiments and simulations are designed to analyze the influence of submergence level and sidewall clearance on the vibration characteristics of a guide vane-like structure. The results show that the type of mode shape remains unchanged at different submergence levels, while the position of the node line (NL) demonstrates a slight shift. According to the angle of the NL and the free surface, the mode types are divided into parallel NL, vertical NL, and slanted NL modes. The added mass tends to increase with increasing submergence levels, while the slope of added mass in conjunction with the submergence level, is dependent on the mode type. In particular, in relation to the parallel NL mode, the slope is almost zero, if the free surface is close to the NL region; with regard to the slanted NL mode, the slope in the NL region is significantly smaller than that outside this region; in the case of the vertical NL mode, the slope remains approximately constant. The damping ratio increases with increasing submergence level for the vertical NL mode. While the damping ratios for the parallel and slanted NL modes are decreased if the free surface is close to the NL regions. In addition, as the side wall clearance increases, both the added mass and damping ratio tend to decrease.
A Sparse Matrix-Based Method for Rapid Solving the Reynolds Equation
Authors: He Ke , Chen Shi , Zhang Zhinan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to the repeated iteration, the numerical method represented by the finite-difference method has the disadvantages of low computational efficiency and long time-consuming in solving the Reynolds equation. This paper proposed a new sparse matrix-based method to solve the difference Reynolds equation by replacing the pressure iterative process with the sparse matrix solver. Compared with the traditional iterative methods, this new method's computational efficiency is about two orders of magnitude higher, and it shows high accuracy in different degrees-of-freedom. Two cases of aerostatic lubrication and elastohydrodynamic lubrication are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this method. This method can support the rapid analysis of fluid lubrication problems and lay the foundation for developing the lubrication calculation library.
A Collaborative Experience: Implementation of an Optimized Tc-99m Generator Assembly Process
Authors: Sharma Rijata , Sial Bronte , Lake Henry , Maharaj Prashant , Reus-Smit Joshua , Popp Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) has a 6-hr half-life making customer transportation times a challenge. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) health products group has overcome this by delivering the parent isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), which has a half-life of 66 hr, in shielded GENTECH™ generators. As part of ANSTO's questioning attitude, an augmented risk assessment was undertaken to identify any potential exposure risks of the GENTECH™ assembly process. The evaluation identified potential areas of improvement in contamination control for the manual handling of the generator leads. Upon further analysis, contamination events from the generator leads had the potential for skin doses above the threshold for skin tissue reactions. Additional substitution and administrative controls were designed to mitigate the risks identified. The effectiveness of the new controls was assessed for efficiency in the manufacturing process through mock trials and fitness for use in a pharmaceutical cleanroom environment. The implemented controls were monitored, and data from each run were gathered. These data included changes in radiological conditions and dosimetry results. Upon implementation, there was an observable decrease in glove contamination. The decrease verified that there was a reduction in the risk of skin contamination events. The data analysis was used to model the dose averted, which revealed a reduction in potential extremity dose to production workers. This paper aims to show the optimization within an approved process through the implementation of engineering and administrative controls, resulting in a dose reduction to workers.
Experimental Investigation of the Transient Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on the Quenching of Vertical Rodlet in Water
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Deng Jian , Qiu Zhifang , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhong Lei , Zhong Mingjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuenching is an important phenomenon when the emergency core cooling system is put into operation during loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in a nuclear reactor. In this study, an experimental apparatus is designed and constructed with the purpose of conducting transient pool boiling experiments with quenching method for zirconium (Zr-4) cylindrical test samples. Three thermocouples are inserted in the test sample to investigate the effect of axial distance on the minimum film boiling temperature. The Zr-4 rodlet is heated up to a temperature well above the minimum film boiling temperature (up to 600 °C), and then plunged vertically in a quiescent pool of subcooled water. A data acquisition system is used to record the temperature history of the embedded thermocouples. Data reduction is performed by an inverse heat conduction code to calculate the surface temperature and corresponding surface heat flux. A visualization study is conducted to record the quench behavior of the test sample by using a high-speed camera. It is found that the minimum film boiling temperature decreases with the axial distance, while temperature at critical heat flux (CHF) is relatively insensitive to the axial distance. The film boiling heat transfer coefficient decreases with surface temperature, and seems to be independent of axial distance. The quench front is observed to originate from the bottom and move upward. It is found that the quench front velocity remains nearly constant in the lower region of the test sample, and significantly increases in the upper region.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Electricity for a Particle-Based CSP System
Authors: González-Portillo Luis F. , Albrecht Kevin J. , Sment Jeremy , Mills Brantley , Ho Clifford K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study presents a sensitivity analysis of the LCOE for a particle-based system with the costs of the most current components. New models for the primary heat exchanger, thermal energy storage and tower are presented and used to establish lower and upper bounds for these three components. The rest of component costs such as particle cost, cavity cost, lift cost and balance of power are set to lower and upper bounds estimating a 25% of uncertainty. Some relevant parameters such as lift efficiency and storage thermal resistance are also included in the analysis with a 25% uncertainty. This study also includes an upgrade to the receiver model by including the wind effect in the efficiency, which was not included in previous publications. A parametric analysis shows the optimum values of solar multiple, storage hours, tower height and concentration ratio, and a probabilistic analysis provides a cumulative distribution function for a range of LCOE values. The results show that the LCOE could be below $0.06/kWh with a probability of 90%, where the highest uncertainty is on the primary heat exchanger cost.
A Dispatch Optimization Model for Hybrid Renewable and Battery Systems Incorporating a Battery Degradation Model
Authors: Upadhya Sahana , Wagner Michael J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased level of integration of renewable energy systems in existing power grids. Lack of integrated dispatch models has led to waste in power produced. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear optimization model for hybrid renewable-generator-plus-battery systems, with the objective of maximizing long-term profit.
Prior studies have revealed that both high and low state of charge (SOC) of the battery is detrimental to its lifetime and results in reduced battery capacity over time. In addition, increased number of cycles of charge and discharge also causes capacity reduction. This paper models these two factors with a constraint relating capacity loss to the SOC and number of cycles completed by the battery. Finally, the loss in capacity is penalized in the objective function of the optimization model, thereby indirectly penalizing high and low SOCs and frequent cycling.
To overcome the computational difficulties of achieving global optimality, a rolling time horizon optimization approach is used. By incorporating battery degradation in the real-time model, the model is capable of maximizing the profits from the power dispatch to the grid while also maximizing the life of the battery.
This paper exercises the model by assessing sample generator time series profiles with a range of battery capacities. The results demonstrate that the battery lifetime is extended in comparison to conventional models that ignore battery degradation in dispatch decisions. Finally, we analyze the relationship between operational parameters of the battery and the capacity fade.
Image Analysis of Particle Flow in Centrifugal Solar Particle Receiver
Authors: Hicdurmaz Serdar , Buck Reiner , Hoffschmidt Bernhard 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Particle solar receivers promise economical and operational advantages compared to the molten salt based solar receivers. In this study, an experiment is designed to observe the particle flow characteristics in the Centrifugal Solar Particle Receiver. A set of experiments for various receiver rotation speeds and particle mass flow rates is conducted, and experimentally obtained raw results are post-processed by means of an Image Processing Routine based on 4BestEstimate algorithm[1]. The axial advance of the particles in 1 turn, the particle film thickness and the ratio of the stationary zone to the receiver circumference are measured in order to be later used in the validation study of the Discrete Element Method based numerical model.
Design and Development of an Experimental Apparatus for Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing of Solar Assisted Heat Pump Systems
Authors: van Arnold George Benzion , Wang Weimin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental apparatus designed and built to facilitate the study of solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) systems using the hardware-in-loop methodology. The apparatus includes an 11.6kW capacity water-to-water heat pump, a 409L thermal storage tank, a 288L domestic hot water tank, two variable speed circulation pumps, and emulation hardware representing solar collectors and conditioned building space. A complex network of piping and electronic diverting valves is used to create various energy flow paths to support fifteen different operational modes for space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water generation, and energy storage charging. The apparatus is heavily instrumented for temperature and flow measurement. Controls and data acquisition are predominantly managed using National Instruments hardware and LabVIEW software. The experimental apparatus has been installed, commissioned, and tested. The basic functionality of control and operation has been verified through testing four different operational modes and domestic hot water withdrawal emulation. The experimental apparatus can be used not only as a platform for research on a multifunctional indirect expansion SAHP system, but also allow for similar testing of less-complex related SAHP configurations.
A Non-Intrusive Particle Temperature Measurement Methodology Using Thermogram and Visible-Light Image Sets
Authors: Ortega Jesus D. , Ho Clifford K. , Anaya Guillermo , Vorobieff Peter , Mohan Gowtham 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The measurement of particle plume and curtain temperatures in particle-laden gravity-driven flows presents a unique challenge to thermometry due to the flow’s transient and stochastic nature. Earlier attempts to assess the bulk particle temperature of a plume using intrusive and non-intrusive methods have produced very limited success. Here we describe a non-intrusive method using a high-speed IR camera (ImageI8300 from Infratec) and a visible-light camera (Nikon D3500) to produce indirect particle temperature measurements. The IR camera produces thermogram sets mapping the apparent particle temperature, while the visible-light image sets allow for the calculation of the plume opacity as a function of flow discharge position. An in-house post-processing algorithm based on Planck’s radiation theory was developed to compute the true particle temperature which is a function of the apparent temperature (thermograms) and the plume opacity obtained from the visible-light images. To validate these results, a series of lab-scale tests generating particle curtains of known dimensions at various temperatures were performed. The lab-scale tests were conducted using a small particle receiver which is equipped with thermocouples to measure the temperature directly. Using the recorded thermocouple data, a particle temperature function can be derived empirically, based on the lumped capacitance model for a free-falling sphere. The empirical particle temperature function is then compared with the temperature data measured using the methodology outlined in this work yielding agreement of the bulk particle temperature of the plume. The methods described here will be developed further to estimate the heat losses from the falling particle receiver at Sandia National Labs.
Energy Storage Versus Demand Side Management for Peak-Demand Reduction at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park
Authors: Manoharan Yogesh , Headley Alexander , Olson Keith , Sombardier Laurence , Schenkman Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
There is a growing interest in utilizing energy storage for behind-the-meter customers. Energy storage systems have many functions for behind-the-meter use such as energy time shifting, peak demand shaving, and backup power. However, demand side management of energy consuming systems can also provide similar energy shifting functionality often with a significantly lower upfront cost. Though energy storage systems and demand side management can both be applied, each option has strengths and weaknesses that can make the optimal selection of measures difficult in many cases.
In this study, the tradeoff between energy storage and demand side management is investigated at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology (HOST) park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The major energy consumption at the HOST park is for pumping the seawater that serves many functions at the park, including supplying temperature-controlled water for various agriculture applications and even building air conditioning measure. NELHA’s facilities are broken into two major load centers that are connected by the piping network, though they are electrically isolated and subject to different electricity price tariffs. This scenario is modeled to optimize the dispatch of the pump stations and potential battery systems to minimize the cost of electricity for both load centers. This scenario is a good example of the interplay between demand side management and energy-storage-based cost reduction measures.
COVID-19 in children with haematological malignancies
Authors: Millen Gerard Cathal , Arnold Roland , Cazier Jean-Baptiste , Curley Helen , Feltbower Richard , Gamble Ashley , Glaser Adam , Grundy Richard G , Kirton Laura , Lee Lennard Y W , McCabe Martin G , Palles Claire , Phillips Bob , Stiller Charles A , Varnai Csilla , Kearns Pamela 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundChildren with cancer are not at increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, adults with haematological malignancies have increased risk of severe infections compared with non-haematological malignancies.MethodsWe compared patients with haematological and non-haematological malignancies enrolled in the UK Paediatric Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project between 12 March 2020 and 16 February 2021. Children who received stem cell transplantation were excluded.ResultsOnly 2/62 patients with haematological malignancy had severe/critical infections, with an OR of 0.5 for patients with haematological compared with non-haematological malignancies.InterpretationChildren with haematological malignancies are at no greater risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than those with non-haematological malignancies.
Socioeconomic status and ethnic variation associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Singapore
Authors: Porhcisaliyan Vanitha D/O , Wang Yeli , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Jafar Tazeen H 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related vascular complications is particularly high in Asians and ethnic minorities living in the West. However, the association of T2DM with socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity has not been widely studied in populations living in Asia. Therefore, we investigated these associations among the multiethnic population with uncontrolled hypertension in Singapore.Research design and methodsIn a cross-sectional study using baseline data of a 2-year randomized trial in Singapore, we obtained demographic, SES, lifestyle and clinical factors from 915 patients aged ≥40 years with uncontrolled hypertension. T2DM was defined as having either: (i) self-reported ‘physician-diagnosed diabetes confirmed through medical records’ or taking antidiabetes medications, (ii) fasting blood glucose levels ≥7.0 mmol/dL or (iii) hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. The SES proxies included education, employment status, housing ownership and housing type, and the ethnicities were Chinese, Malays and Indians. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of T2DM with SES and ethnicity.ResultsHigher proportion of T2DM was observed in Malays (40.0%) and Indians (56.0%) than Chinese (26.8%) (p<0.001), and in patients with lower SES (ranging from 25.7% to 66.2% using different proxies) than those with higher SES (19.4% to 32.0%). In a multivariate model comprising age, gender, ethnicity and SES, Malay ethnicity (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.44, p=0.031) or Indian ethnicity (OR 3.65; 95% CI 2.25 to 5.91, p<0.001) versus Chinese and housing type (residing in one to three rooms (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.43, p=0.012) or four to five rooms public housing (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.04, p=0.013) vs private housing) were associated with higher T2DM odds. The associations of Indians and one to three rooms public housing with T2DM met the significance after accounting for multiple testing (p≤0.0125).ConclusionOur study suggests that housing type and ethnic variation are independently associated with higher T2DM risk in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Singapore. Further studies are needed to validate our results.Trial registration numberNCT02972619.
Rebooting consent in the digital age: a governance framework for health data exchange
Authors: Saksena Nivedita , Matthan Rahul , Bhan Anant , Balsari Satchit 
Published: July 2021

In August 2020, India announced its vision for the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), a federated national digital health exchange where digitised data generated by healthcare providers will be exported via application programme interfaces to the patient’s electronic personal health record. The NDHM architecture is initially expected to be a claims platform for the national health insurance programme ‘Ayushman Bharat’ that serves 500 million people. Such large-scale digitisation and mobility of health data will have significant ramifications on care delivery, population health planning, as well as on the rights and privacy of individuals. Traditional mechanisms that seek to protect individual autonomy through patient consent will be inadequate in a digitised ecosystem where processed data can travel near instantaneously across various nodes in the system and be combined, aggregated, or even re-identified.In this paper we explore the limitations of ‘informed’ consent that is sought either when data are collected or when they are ported across the system. We examine the merits and limitations of proposed alternatives like the fiduciary framework that imposes accountability on those that use the data; privacy by design principles that rely on technological safeguards against abuse; or regulations. Our recommendations combine complementary approaches in light of the evolving jurisprudence in India and provide a generalisable framework for health data exchange that balances individual rights with advances in data science.
Protocol for DexEnceph: a randomised controlled trial of dexamethasone therapy in adults with herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Authors: Whitfield Thomas , Fernandez Cristina , Davies Kelly , Defres Sylviane , Griffiths Michael , Hooper Cory , Tangney Rebecca , Burnside Girvan , Rosala- Hallas Anna , Moore Perry , Das Kumar , Zuckerman Mark , Parkes Laura , Keller Simon , Roberts Neil , Easton Ava , Touati Saber , Kneen Rachel , Stahl J P , Solomon Tom 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionHerpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a rare severe form of brain inflammation that commonly leaves survivors and their families with devastating long-term consequences. The virus particularly targets the temporal lobe of the brain causing debilitating problems in memory, especially verbal memory. It is postulated that immunomodulation with the corticosteroid, dexamethasone, could improve outcomes by reducing brain swelling. However, there are concerns (so far not observed) that such immunosuppression might facilitate increased viral replication with resultant worsening of disease. A previous trail closed early because of slow recruitment.MethodDexEnceph is a pragmatic multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, observer-blind trial to determine whether adults with HSV encephalitis who receive dexamethasone alongside standard antiviral treatment with aciclovir for have improved clinical outcomes compared with those who receive standard treatment alone. Overall, 90 patients with HSV encephalitis are being recruited from a target of 45 recruiting sites; patients are randomised 1:1 to the dexamethasone or control arms of the study. The primary outcome measured is verbal memory as assessed by the Weschler Memory Scale fourth edition Auditory Memory Index at 26 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes are measured up to 72 weeks include additional neuropsychological, clinical and functional outcomes as well as comparison of neuroimaging findings. Patient safety monitoring occurs throughout and includes the detection of HSV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid 2 weeks after randomisation, which is indicative of ongoing viral replication. Innovative methods are being used to ensure recrutiment targets are met for this rare disease.DiscussionDexEnceph aims to be the first completed randomised controlled trial of corticosteroid therapy in HSV encephalitis. The results will provide evidence for future practice in managing adults with the condition and has the potential to improve outcomes .Ethics and disseminationThe trial has ethical approval from the UK National Research Ethics Committee (Liverpool Central, REF: 15/NW/0545, 10 August 2015). Protocol V.2.1, July 2019. The results will be published and presented as soon as possible on completion.Trial registration numbersISRCTN11774734, EUDRACT 2015-001609-16.