bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Human Rights and the Mandatory Precedents in Foreign Trade, Legal Effectiveness: Mexico Case
Authors: Ramirez Laura Hernandez 
Published: December 2021

We make an analysis of the implementation of human rights and the mandatory precedent in matters of Mexican foreign trade, in an administrative and judicial context in the search for legal effectiveness with constitutional control, highlighting the implementation of human rights contained in treaties commercial, such as access to justice and prompt and expeditious;
We point out a recent case of human rights and foreign trade, with the implementation in the Mexican legal system, of the Free Trade Agreement Mexico United States Canada, before the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, as well as a possible proposal before the provisions of its Article 14.D.5, regarding the right of access to prompt and expeditious justice in investment matters, and avoiding the resolution of controversies before international arbitration panels that have been questioned.
Valorization of waste bark for biorefineries: chemical characterization of Eucalyptus camaldulensis inner and outer barks
Authors: Benouadah Nacera , Pranovich Andrey , Labidi Jalel , Willför Stefan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bark wastes today are viewed as a high-value resource for biorefinery due to their chemical richness and diversity. This work presents a comprehensive chemical characterization of the inner bark and the outer bark of Eucalyptus camaldulensis cultivated in Algeria. The extractives were first isolated with an Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE) and then analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of pre-extracted bark in cellulosic polysaccharide and free sugar monomers was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC). The hemicellulose composition and amount was determined after the acid methanolysis and GC. The amount of lignin was determined gravimetrically by the Klason lignin method and the acid soluble lignin was determined by the UV method. Formic and acetic acids in the bark were determined by HPLC after alkaline hydrolysis. It was found that the extractives content were similar in the outer bark (0.85%) and the inner bark (0.88%). The cellulose content was higher in the outer bark (33.4%) than in the inner bark (28.7%). Lignin and the total hemicellulose contents were more abundant in the outer bark (31.7, 26.2%) than in the inner bark (28.6, 19.3%) whereas, sugar monomers were more abundant in the inner bark (4.4%) than in the outer bark (3.8%). The variation in acetic and formic acids and ash contents between the outer bark (1.5, 0.006 and 2.5%) and the inner bark (1.3, 0.005 and 2.4%) was small. The obtained results showed that the bark can be considered a suitable feedstock for lignocellulosic biorefinery and also for the extraction of bioactive compounds that can be used in different sectors.
Proximate analysis, HPTLC finger print analysis and multi spectrometric analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica nuts
Authors: Ramachandran Shakila , Meenatchisundaram Saravanan , Allu Rajesh , Thatipelli Sujith , Mandal Achintya Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In alternative medicine, plants pay a major role. Some plants are known for their poisonous nature but still have some importance in the herbal drug industry for their medicinal value. Strychnos nux-vomica is one such plant. Its nuts are called as poison nut due to the presence of alkaloids. Both the nut and its minerals are having medicinal properties and hence the present study was indented to understand the nature of primary metabolites and multi elemental composition.

Methods
The nuts of S. nux-vomica were procured, authenticated, powdered and subjected to proximate analysis parameters, visualization of thin layer chromatographic separation (TLC) and finger print profiling through high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC); surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, powder X-ray diffractometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.

Results
In HPTLC, 7 spots each under 254 nm, 366 nm, derivatization with vanillin sulphuric acid (VSR) reagent appeared and 2 spots with Dragendorff’s reagent. In HPTLC, 12 peaks at 254 nm, 9 peaks at 366 nm, 7 peaks at 520 nm after derivatization with VSR reagent detected. Elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, aluminium, iron, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, copper, zinc, sulphur and silicon were identified. PXRD revealed that the presence of potassium chloride, calcite and dolomite as major elemental composition.

Conclusions
The presence of all the above elements has vital roles on human physiology. Potassium, calcium, chlorine, aluminium, nickel, phosphorus, sulphur and silicon are reported for the first time in this study.
The prevalence of incidental finding of gynecomastia on thoracic computed tomography in the pediatric age group
Authors: Ilgar Mehtap , Ünlü Serkan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of gynecomastia, determine mean glandular breast tissue sizes, and evaluate whether there is any difference in the prevalence rate of gynecomastia according to age using three different reference values of glandular breast tissue size (≥5, ≥10, ≥20 mm) in the pediatric age group.

Methods
Glandular breast tissue sizes were measured retrospectively from thoracic computed tomography (CT) images taken for other reasons in 961 boys aged 1–18 years.

Results
When each breast was evaluated separately (1,922 breasts), gynecomastia was observed in 1,001 (52.1%), 719 (37.4%), and 216 (11.2%) breasts with ≥5, ≥10, and ≥20 mm considered as reference values, respectively. A significant difference was found in terms of gynecomastia (p<0.001) and mean glandular breast tissue size (p<0.001) with respect to age.

Conclusions
New studies are currently needed to determine the glandular breast tissue size and the prevalence rate of gynecomastia in boys, and thoracic CT images can be used for this purpose.
How fishing cats Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett, 1833 fish: describing a felid’s strategy to hunt aquatic prey
Authors: Ganguly Divyajyoti , Adhya Tiasa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The fishing cat’s persistence in a ‘semi-aquatic niche’ suggests the evolution of a successful hunting strategy. We describe it for the first time by analysing 197 camera-trap video-clips, collected from a participatory-science initiative, within an ethogram framework. The cats spent ∼52% of the time sitting and waiting for prey (fishes) to come nearer and took limited attempts to hunt (3.89%) in deeper waters (in which the upper portions of the cat’s body were submerged), where its hunting success was found to be 42.86%. In shallow waters, it adopted a predominantly active mode of hunting (∼96%) to flush out prey.
Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops
Authors: HODIŞAN Nicolae 
Published: December 2021

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa).
The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.
Experimental Research Concerning the Cleaning System of Various Cereals Harvesting Combines
Authors: ILEA Radu , TONEA Cornelia , TONEA Elena 
Published: December 2021

The separation of seeds from the heap is effected thanks to the vibration of the flat sieves. The efficiency of the cleaning process of the sieves from the cleaning system depends on the following factors: the inclination of the sieves, the sieves size and mainly of the character of the relative movements of the seeds on the sieve, respectively the cinematic regime of the sieves.
This paper presents a comparative study regarding the different types of cereals harvesting combines with a view to work techniques.
Experimental Researches Regarding Determination of Soil Cone Index in a Soil-Tyre Interaction Process
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , ROŞ Victor , DROCAŞ Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MARIAN Ovidiu 
Published: December 2021

Soil compaction mainly occurs in occasions related with agricultural traffic, when the soil is subjected to various applied loads by different types of agricultural implements. Soil surface compaction and deep soil compaction occurs because of soil-tyre interaction process that will modify the initial stress state. This will alter the initial soil physical properties, so it is possible to evaluate the soil compaction by measuring their variation. This paper presents a tool and a method for experimental determination, in laboratory conditions, of soil cone index at soil-tyre interface layer and on soil profile, being focused only on data related with soil cone index influenced by wheel load and number of passes.
The analysis of measured data showed that the analyzed method for experimental determination of soil cone index can be used also in field conditions, for studies related with spatial variation of soil cone index due to agricultural traffic.
Lactic Bacteria as Protective Starters
Authors: THONART P , KOUAKOU P , COULIBALY Dora I , YAO A , GHALFI H , DIOP M , AGUILAR A , DELVIGNE F , DESTAIN J 
Published: December 2021

Lactic acid bacteria isolated by screening method from traditional food products of African countries were tested for their ability to produce bacteriocin an antimicrobial substances acting against other bacteria. Some of these bacteriocins allow the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, a food-bome pathogen responsible for human listeriosis.
However, food ingredients caused an inefficient action of bacteriocins produced by several lactic acid bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes achieving the phenomenon of Listeria growth rebound in bacteriocin-supplemented food models. Recently, new starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria with an industrially important functionality are being developed.
The latter can contribute to inhibit the rebounding phenomenon of Listeria and offer one or more organoleptic, technological, nutritional, or health advantages.
Researches Regarding the Species Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Le Conte in Sibiu County
Authors: ANTONIE Iuliana , SPANU Simona , ILIU Adriana 
Published: December 2021

From the very beginning of the recording of its appearance in Europe as well as in
our country the published material emphasized the harmful potential of the pest Diabrotica virgifera
virgifera also drawing the attention to the scientific world and to the farmers as well upon this factor
of reduction of the production of corn.
In Sibiu County this species was first recorded in 2001, coming from West, at the border with
Alba County. The first gatherings were done in Miercurea Sibiului. The investigation was done during
2001–2009 concerning in: monitoring the adults and the larvae, the identification of the attacked
plants, the way of harming both for the adults and larvae. The gathering area was extended to 37
localities in Sibiu County. The researches were done in the field in single corn cultures occupying
surfaces larger then 2 hectares where put pheromone traps were “Atravirg” and yellow traps (panels).
There was gathered a total number of 2,149 adults. In the lab there were analyzed plants presenting the
so called swan neck as well as healthy plants. Their roots were weighed. The localities in the Sibiu
County that were most affected by the attack of the pest were Agnita and Ocna Sibiului. The large
share cultivated with corn, the single culture of corn as well as the climate brought their contribution
to the spreading of this pest in the territory of Sibiu County.
Researches Regarding Plant Growth Biology of Chrysanthemum Cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis. in Its First Year of Vegetation
Authors: ARDELEAN Anca Eva , MORAR Gavrilă 
Published: December 2021

Starting a pyrethrum crop through seedling requires knowledge of the necessary time to produce it and of the leaves number dynamic per plant up to a growth stage that allows field transplantation.
By monitoring leaves on plants elected in a seedbed, from early phases of development, it was observed that emergence period of the optimal leaves number for planting, extends to one and a half months. Plants and their average number of leaves have a very low rhythm of growth.
Opportunities for Solid Waste Energy Recovery in Rural Transylvania
Authors: BORZA Gheorghe Vasile , ROS Victor , DEAC Teodora 
Published: December 2021

The socio-economic conditions facing the world today, both globally and nationally, recovering energy from solid waste is required as a necessity. Getting heat to contribute to the heating and domestic hot water is beneficial not only in terms of increased living standards and the use of alternative energy sources, but also in terms of creating jobs in the processing waste-producing industries and the development of necessary technologies conversion. Also, accessing specific EU funds will lead to an accelerated rural development in the spirit of sustainable development concepts and strategy of the society.
In this context, the paper aims to identify the main types of solid waste available in rural areas of Transylvania and their energy potential. It also addresses opportunities for energy recovery and the correlation can be done between physical and chemical characteristics and solid waste conversion technologies to obtain solid biofuels as a source of heat and conversion technologies used for this purpose.
Study Regarding the Air Speed Created by the Axial Fan of the Orchard Spraying Machines
Authors: DROCAŞ Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , RANTA Ovidiu , MOLNAR Adrian , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea 
Published: December 2021

The paper has studied how the speed of air is changed at different distances from the circumference of the fan and at various heights at the distance between rows of 3 m, using ATOM 1000 orchard sprayer machine. Experimental tests have shown that airflow speed changes along the circumference of the fan depending on the distance and position. The direction of rotation of the fan in a clockwise direction influences the airflow speed, being higher on the right side.
When measuring vertical airflow velocity (3m distance between rows), there can be observed a slowing of the airflow speed along winth height, maximum speed is at 1 m above ground. Also here can be observed that the speed of airflow in the right side is higher on all points measured
Spatial Soil Temperature and Moisture Monitoring Across the Transylvanian Plain in Romania
Authors: HAGGARD Beatrix , RUSU Teodor , WEINDORF David , CACOVEAN Horea , MORARU Paula , Mara SOPTEREAN 
Published: December 2021

The Transylvanian Plain, Romania is an important region for agronomic productivity. However, limited soils data and adoption of best management practices hinder land productivity. Soil temperatures of the Transylvanian Plain were evaluated using a set of twenty datalogging stations positioned throughout the plain. Soil temperatures were monitored at the surface and at 10, 30, and 50 cm depths, and soil moisture was monitored at 10 cm. Preliminary results indicate that most soils of the Transylvanian Plain will have a mesic temperature regime. However, differences in seasonal warming and cooling trends across the plain were noted. These have important implications for planting recommendations.
Growing degree days (GDDs) are preferred over maturity ratings, because they can account for temperature anomalies. The crop being considered for this study was corn. The base temperature (BT) was set at 10oC, and the upper threshold was 30oC. Two methods were used to calculate GDDs; 1) minimum and maximum daily temperatures, and 2) 24 h of averaged temperature data. Growing degree days were run from 110-199 day of year (DOY) to represent approximate planting date to tasseling. The DOY that 694 accumulated growing degree days (AGDDs) was reached at each site was then analyzed to identify differences across the TP. Three sites failed to reach 694 AGDDs by DOY 199, and were excluded from comparisons to other results. Averaged values were used to create spline interpolation maps with ArcMap 9.2 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). The southeastern portion of the TP was found to tassel a month earlier assuming a planting date of 109 DOY. Four DeKalb® corn hybrids were then selected based on GDDs to tasseling, drydown, drought tolerance, and insect resistance. With a better understanding of the GDD trends across the TP, more effective planting and harvesting could be accomplished by Romanian farmers to maximize agronomic production.
Partial Last Square “NIR-CP” Model for Forages from Hill Permanent Grassland
Authors: HĂRMĂNESCU Monica , MOISUC Alexandru , SĂRĂŢEANU Veronica , BOROZAN Aurica , GERGEN Iosif 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to perform a NIR calibration model for crude protein prediction of forages harvested in June 2009 from hill permanent grassland (Gradinari, Caras-Severin District) organized in ten experimental trials fertilized organic, mineral, and organo-mineral. The soil was Calcic Luvisol and the annual average temperature around 10.4oC. The floristic composition was determined gravimetrically. From Poaceae were present Festuca rupicola and Calamagrostis epigejos. Fabaceae family was represented by Trifolium repens and Lathyrus pratensis. From other botanical family: Rosa canina, Filipendula vulgaris, Galium verum and Inula britanica.
Like input data was used the results for this parameter by Kjeldahl chemical method and the reflectance values from NIR spectra for analysed samples. Partial last square (PLS) regression was selected to perform the multivariate analysis to obtain the “NIR-CP” model, implemented in Panorama program (version 3, LabCognition, 2009).
The statistical parameters (R2=0.8630; RMSEC=1.2844) and the differences between references and predicted values situated in range 0.03 - 1.73 % shows that it is promising to use this calibration model to evaluate the quality of forages from grassland in this period of year.
Experimental Researches Regarding Determination of Soil Deformations for Applied Studies Related with Soil Compaction
Authors: MOLNAR Adrian , ROŞ Victor , DROCAŞ Ioan , RANTA Ovidiu , STĂNILĂ Sorin , MARIAN Ovidiu 
Published: December 2021

Soil compaction mainly occurs when the soil is subjected to various applied loads by different types of agricultural implements because of a soil-tyre interaction process influenced by several factors (some factors being related with implements technical characteristics and other factors being related with soil physical and mechanical properties). In general, the agricultural traffic will modify the initial stress state in the soil and it’s one of the main causes for soil soil surface compaction and deep soil compaction. This paper presents a tool and a method for experimental determination, in laboratory conditions, of soil deformations at soil-tyre interface layer and on soil profile.
The analysis of measured data showed that the analyzed method for experimental determination of soil deformations can be used also in field conditions, e.g. for studies related with spatial studies on traffic intensity on agricultural fields.
Contributions for Producing Biodegradabile Shock Absorbent Packaging
Authors: CIOICA Nicolae , TOMOAIA-COTIŞEL Maria , NAGY Mihaela , HOROVITZ Ossi , COŢA Constantin 
Published: December 2021

Making biodegradable plastics is a concern of recent years, research in this field from universities, research institutes and enterprises are continuously developing. Biodegradable loose fill shock absorbent packaging are also part of the large class of biodegradable plastics and it is necessary for them to ensure, besides biodegradability, a number of technical requirements deriving from their utilization purposes: protection of breakable products during handling and transport. Packaging properties depends on both the type and proportion of materials that are part of the formula and the technology used in its manufacture, process characterized by certain technological parameters.
This paper presents some results obtained making a biodegradable loose fill packaging by corn-starch extrusion in the presence of plasticizers.
Contribution to Development and Modernization
Authors: NEDELCU Ancuta , CIUPERCA Radu , POPA Lucreţia 
Published: December 2021

The cattle nourishing has a specific structure based on two principal stages producing high quality fodder in large quantities and fodder handling and distribution in order to ensure: animal’s rations; preservation of fodder nourishing qualities; losses and physical effort elimination. In order to modernize and develop the machine system designed at foddering process, two machines constructively conceived have been manufactured; they are able to perform several activities wither the technology of fodder preparing and supplying to cattle.
This article comparatively presents the technical performances and the working time structure obtained as a result of experimental researches in a stock-raising farm on a group of 100 milking cows and for similar working conditions.
Use RAPD Technique for Characterization of Genotypical Variability of Maize Germplasm from SCDA Turda
Authors: POP Rodica , PAMFIL Doru , HÂRŢA Monica , HAŞ Ioan , POP Iulia 
Published: December 2021

Genetic analysis with RAPD markers has been extensively used to determine diversity among maize genotypes. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic relationships among 70 genotypes, provided from SCDA Turda Cluj germplasm collection. RAPD analysis was performed with 14 decamer primers.
These primers generated, among the studied genotypes, a number of polymorphic bands comprised between 13 bands (OPA 04) and 7 bands (OPAL 20). The highest numbers of polymorphic bands were obtained with primer OPA 04, respectively 13 bands, following by OPO 12 (12 polymorphic bands), OPAB 11 and OPA 17 (11 polymorphic bands). Lowest number was obtained with primer OPAL 20, respectively 7 polymorphic bands. Genetic distances were established using Nei-Li coefficient and UPGMA dendrogram was constructed with RAPDistance 1.04 software. The built dendrogram shows phylogenetic relationships between genotypes analyzed.