bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gray-Matter Correlates of Reading Fluency Deficits: SES Matters, IQ Does Not
Authors: Martins Marta , Reis Ana Mafalda , Castro São Luís , Gaser Christian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Brain correlates of reading ability have been intensely investigated. Most studies have focused on single-word reading and phonological processing, but the brain basis of reading fluency remains poorly explored to date. Here, in a voxel-based morphometry study with 8-year-old children, we compared fluent readers (n = 18; 7 boys) with dysfluent readers with normal IQ (n = 18; 6 boys) and with low IQ (n = 18; 10 boys). Relative to dysfluent readers, fluent readers had larger gray matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus and the two subgroups of dysfluent readers did not differ from each other, as shown in frequentist and Bayesian analyses. Pairwise comparisons showed that dysfluent readers of normal and low IQ did not differ in core reading regions and that both subgroups had less gray matter volume than fluent readers in occipito-temporal, parieto-temporal and fusiform areas. We also examined gray matter volume in matched subgroups of dysfluent readers differing only in socioeconomic status (SES): lower-SES (n = 14; 7 boys) vs. higher-SES (n = 14; 7 boys). Higher-SES dysfluent readers had larger gray matter volume in the right angular gyrus than their lower-SES peers, and the volume of this cluster correlated positively with lexico-semantic fluency. Age, sex, IQ, and gray matter volume of the right angular cluster explained 68% of the variance in the reading fluency of higher-SES dysfluent readers. In sum, this study shows that gray matter correlates of dysfluent reading are independent of IQ and suggests that SES modulates areas sub-serving lexico-semantic processes in dysfluent readers — two findings that may be useful to inform language/reading remediation programs.
Prevalence and Predictors of PTSD during the Containment Stage of COVID-19 Epidemic among College Female Students in China
Authors: Si Mingyu , Su Xiaoyou , Jiang Yu , Wang Wenjun , Gu Xiaofen , Ma Li , Li Jing , Zhang Shaokai , Ren Zefang , Liu Yuanli , Qiao Youlin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background College students are a uniquely vulnerable group and may experience high stress levels due to COVID-19, especially for girls. This study aims to identify the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and related factors among the target population during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A total of 2205 college female students from six provinces enrolled in this study and completed the questions about cognitive status of COVID-19, the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS) and a self-developed 10-item Perceived threat scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed by SPSS software to explore the determinants of PTSD symptoms.Results PTSD symptoms were prevalent in this sample of college female students, and 34.20% met the cut-off for PTSD. Self-reported fair or poor health (AOR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.22-2.59), high concern about COVID-19 (AOR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.35-2.03), beliefs that 'COVID-19 can cause a global outbreak' (AOR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.02-1.56), the perception of ‘risk of infection’ (AOR=2.46, 95%CI: 2.16-2.81), beliefs that ‘closed management’ and ‘COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern’ would have an impact, and the fear of ‘impact on life planning’ were all positively associated with PTSD (AOR=1.37, 1.22 and 1.29, respectively), whereas perceived social support from family (AOR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.93) was negatively associated with PTSD. Among the significant variables at the bivariate level, multivariate logistic regression revealed that the greatest protector for PTSD was the high knowledge score (AOR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.60-0.90), while had confirmed cases among relatives and friends (AOR=7.70, 95%CI: 1.28-46.25) was the strongest predictor of PTSD.Conclusions In summary, PTSD symptoms were prevalent among college female students in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Targeting vulnerable populations to improve their knowledge of COVID-19 and create an atmosphere of social support would be beneficial to improve the mental health of the female students during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Patterns of Sexual Behaviour Associated with Repeated Chlamydia Testing and Infection in Men and Women: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Veličko Inga , Ploner Alexander , Marions Lena , Sparén Pär , Herrmann Björn , Kühlmann-Berenzon Sharon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescents and young adults are at higher risk of acquiring Chlamydia trachomatis infection (chlamydia), so testing is promoted in these populations. Studies have shown that re-testing for chlamydia is common amongst them. We investigated how sexual risk behaviour profiles are associated with repeated testing for chlamydia.Methods: We used baseline data from a cohort of 2,814 individuals recruited at an urban STI -clinic. We applied latent class (LC) analysis using 9 manifest variables on sexual behaviour and substance use self-reported by the study participants. We fitted ordered logistic regression to investigate the association of LC membership with the outcomes repeated testing during the past 12 months and lifetime repeated testing for chlamydia. Models were fit separately for men and women.Results: We identified four LCs for men and three LCs for women with increasing gradient of risky sexual behaviour. The two classes with the highest -risk among men were associated with lifetime repeated testing for chlamydia: adjOR = 2.26 (95%CI: 1.50 - 3.40) and adjOR = 3.03 (95%CI: 1.93 -4.74) as compared with the class with lowest risk. In women, the class with the highest risk was associated with increased odds of repeated lifetime testing (adjOR =1.85 (95%CI: 1.24-2.76)) and repeated testing during past 12 months (adjOR = 1.72 (95%CI: 1.16-2.54)). An association with chlamydia positive test at the time of the study and during the participant´s lifetime was only found in the male high-risk classes.Conclusion: Prevention messages with regard to testing for chlamydia after unprotected sexual contact with new/casual partners seem to reach individuals in high-risk behaviour classes who are more likely to test repeatedly. Prevention efforts should involve enhanced targeting and promotion of safe sex.
Halomonas salipaludis sp. nov., isolated from the saline-alkali wetland soil
Authors: Xing Juyuan , Gong Qi , Tang Liu , Li Jiao , Fan Hua , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Guishan , Zhu Jinxing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Strain WRN001T, a Gram–staining–negative, strictly aerobic, non–motile bacterium was isolated from the natural saline-alkali wetland soil of Binhai new district, Tianjin, China (38°46′N, 117°13′E). Cells of strain WRN001T were 0.3-0.5 µm in width and 1.5-2.5 µm in length, and the growth occurred optimally at 33-37 °C, pH 7.5-8.0, and in the presence of 8-10% (w/v) NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate could be affiliated to the genus Halomonas, and the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain WRN001T to its closest relative Halomonas qiaohouensis YIM QH88T was 97.47%. The size of the genome as presented here was 5,475,884 bp with a G+C content of 63.8 mol %. The major respiratory quinone of strainWRN001T was Q-9, and the dominant fatty acids were summed feature 8, summed feature 3, C10:0, C12:0, C12:0 3-OH, C16:0, and C17:0 cyclo. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phophatidylcholine (PC), two phospholipids (PL), aminolipid (AL), and three unidentified lipids (L). These data mentioned above combined with the low DDH values between strain WRN001T and the close relative, Halomonas alkalitolerans 1513T (42.20%) and base on comparisons with currently available genomes, the highest average nucleotide identity (ANIm) value was 91.39% to Halomonas alkalitolerans 1513T (GenBank accession No. GCA_001971685.1). Therefore, we propose a novel species in the genus Halomonas to accommodate this novel isolate: Halomonas salipaludis sp. nov. (type strain WRN001T = KCTC 52853T = ACCC 19974T).
Links between atmospheric blocking and North American winter cold spells in two generations of Canadian Earth System Model large ensembles
Authors: Jeong Dae Il , Yu Bin , Cannon Alex J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the significant negative consequences of winter cold extremes, there is need to better understand and simulate the mechanisms driving their occurrence. The impact of atmospheric blocking on winter cold spells over North America is investigated using ERA-Interim and NCEP-DOE-R2 reanalyses for 1981–2010. Initial-condition large-ensembles of two generations of Canadian Earth System Models (CanESM5 and its predecessor, CanESM2) are evaluated in terms of their ability to represent the blocking-cold spell linkage and the associated internal-variability. The reanalysis datasets show that 72% and 58% of cold spells in southern and northern North America coincide with blocking occurring in the high-latitude Pacific-North America. Compared to the two reanalyses, CanESM2 and CanESM5 ensembles underestimate by 19.9% and 14.3% cold spell events coincident with blocking, due to significant under-representation of blocking frequency over the north Pacific (-47.1% and − 29.0%), whereas biases in cold spell frequency are relatively small (6.6% and − 4.7%). In the reanalyses, regions with statistically significant above-normal cold spell frequency relative to climatology lie on the east and/or south flanks of blocking events, whereas those with below-normal frequency lie along the core or surrounding the blocking. The two ensembles reproduce the observed blocking-cold spell linkage over North America, despite underestimating the magnitude of blocking frequency. The two ensembles also reproduce the physical drivers that underpin the blocking-cold spell linkage. Spatial agreement with the reanalyses is found in the simulated patterns of temperature advection and surface heat flux forcing anomalies during blocking events. While CanESM5 shows an improved representation of the blocking climatology relative to CanESM2, both yield similar results in terms of the blocking-cold spell linkage and associated internal-variability.
The Microscopic Detection and Identification of Acanthamoeba Spp. In Water Samples Following Enrichment by in Vitro-Cultivation Under Two Distinct Temperature Conditions.
Authors: Elmahdi Sakhi , MOSTAFA MOUMNI , Horia Radid , MOHAMED ARAHOU , MOHAMED FEKHAOUI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Acanthamoeba is a genus of free-living amoeba commonly found in environmental sources such as water, soil and air, and can infect humans. There is a significant challenge in the detection and identification of members of this genus in water samples. In order attempt to overcome this challenge, we investigated using in vitro culture, under distinct temperature conditions, to grow and enrich amoeba prior to detection and identification. Aliquots of 150 water samples, collected from Rabat (30 from each river, fountain, sea, public bath and tap water), were individually inoculated into standard culture medium non-nutritive agar and incubated for two weeks at 25 °C and 30 °C under otherwise standard conditions. PCR was used to confirm the presence of Acanthamoeba DNA in positive samples. The findings showed that Acanthamoeba grew more rapidly at 30 °C than 25 °C, allowing improved microscopic detection and identification at the former temperature. This investigation shows clearly that the diagnostic sensitivity of an in vitro based culture system is temperature-dependent.
Electrochemical Analysis of Fenuron Herbicide by a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by a Functionalized NiAl-layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Leclerc TCHEUMI Herve , Peggy KAMENI WENDJI Aude , Ignas TONLE KENFACK , Emmanuel NGAMENI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental pollution by usage of pesticides as fenuron increases health risk, due to carcinogenic and teratogenic properties of these compounds. There are needs to develop a rapid and cheaper detection methods for quantification of fenuron. In this work, an inorganic-organic composite material was obtained by intercalation of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (DSS) within the interlayer space of a Nickel-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide (NiAl-LDH). The structure of the pristine LDH and the intercalated-LDH was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The modified LDH was used to elaborate an amperometric sensor for fenuron herbicide by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) via a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The electrochemical procedure for fenuron analysis was based on the immersion of the working electrode in the electrolytic solution containing appropriate amount of herbicide, followed by voltammetry detection without any preconcentration step. The peak current obtained on the CPE modified by the organo-LDH was 2-fold higher in comparison with the pristine LDH/CPE. The observed increase in the signal of fenuron was attributed to the high organophilic character of this composite material induced by the modification using DSS. The effects of some experimental parameters (pH of medium and percentage of the modifier in the paste) on the stripping response were investigated in order to optimize the sensitivity of the organo-LDH modified electrode. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the fenuron concentration ranging from 0.5 to 1 μmol.L -1 and 1 to 5 μmol.L -1 . The limit of detection (LOD) calculated on the basis of a signal-to-noice ratio of 3 was 1.8×10 -9 mol.L -1 (low concentration range) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 6×10 -9 mol.L -1 . The interference effect of various inorganic ions likely to influence the stripping determination of the fenuron was also examined, and the applicability of the method was verified by the determination of fenuron in a river sample collected down-town Yaoundé.
Does Virtual Reality Increase the Efficacy of Psychotherapy for Young Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Depression? A Study Protocol for A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Montesano Adrián , Medina Joan C , Paz Clara , García-Mieres Helena , Niño-Robles Noelia , García-Grau Eugeni , Crespillo Josep Cañete , García-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Alabèrnia-Segura Miquel , Feixas Guillem 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The improvement of psychological treatments for depression in young adults is a pressing issue highlighted in the literature. Its relevance is determined not only because young adults are underrepresented in research, but also to prevent chronic severe mental health disorders later in life. Engagement is considered a key factor for a good therapeutic outcome, especially among young patients. In this sense, virtual reality could be particularly suited to engage young adults in the therapy process. This project aims to improve the psychological treatment of mild to moderate depression in young adults by testing out the efficacy of virtual reality-enhanced personal construct therapy (PCT-VR), as compared to personal construct therapy alone (PCT) and to the reference standard Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). In contrast to CBT, PCT neither educates patients about depression nor gives them directions on the changes to be made in their dysfunctional behaviors or cognitions. Rather, PCT explores the coherence (or conflicts) of thoughts and behaviors with respect to the person’s sense of identity and focuses on meaning-making processes.Methods: The efficacy of this innovative intervention (PCT-VR) will be compared to PCT and to CBT in a randomized clinical trial. The study includes an appraisal of therapists’ adherence and independent assessments to preserve internal validity. The Beck Depression Inventory-II is the primary outcome measure for calculating both statistical and clinical significance, but other outcomes will also be assessed (e.g., functioning, wellbeing, anxiety, stress) at pre-, post-therapy, and six-month follow up. The trial will be conducted in a naturalistic context, mostly at the usual primary health care center of each patient. A sample of 225 participants is targeted to reach enough statistical power to accomplish the goals of the study.Discussion: We expect that providing evidence for PCT-VR will widen the repertoire of evidence-based technology-based psychotherapeutic interventions for young adults and contribute to the prevention of deteriorating courses of the disorder.Trial registration: NCT04321525 [ClinicalTrials.gov] [registered before start of inclusion; 18 February 2020].
Analysis of Radar Technology Identification Model for Potential Geologic Hazard based on Convolutional Neural Network and Big Data
Authors: He Feng , Liu Hongjiang , Liu Chunxue , Bao Guangjing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To ensure the proper adoption of new technologies in identifying the potential geologic hazard on tourist routes, convolutional neural network (CNN) technology is applied in the radar image geologic hazard information extraction. A scientific and practical geologic hazard radar identification model is built, which is based on CNN’s image identification and big data algorithm calculation, and it can effectively improve the geologic hazard identification accuracy. By designing experiments, the geologic hazard radar image data are verified, and the practicality of radar image intelligent Identification under CNN and big data technology is also verified. The results show that the images of different resolution sizes all play a significant role in identification of geologic hazard performed by CNN. However, there are differences in the performance of different CNN models. With the continuous increase of training samples, the identification accuracy of various network models is also improved. By means of radar image test, the identification capability of CNN model is the best, the highest precision is 93.61%, and the geologic hazard recall rate is 98.27%. Apriori algorithm is introduced into data processing, and the running speed and efficiency of identification models are improved, with favorable identification effect in variable data sets. This research can provide theoretical ideas and practical value for the development of potential geologic hazard identification on tourist routes.
Automated and Precise Bone Mineral Density Prediction and Fracture Risk Assessment using Hip/Lumbar Spine Plain Radiographs via Learning Deep Image Signatures and Correlations
Authors: Hsieh Chen-I , Zheng Kang , Lin Chihung , Lu Le , Li Weijian , Chen Fang-Ping , Wang Yirui , Chou Xiaoyun , Wang Fakai , Xie Guotong , Xiao Jing , Miao Shun , Kuo Chang-Fu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool are recommended tools for osteoporotic fracture risk evaluation, but are underutilized. We present a novel and fully-automated tool to identify fractures, predict bone mineral density (BMD), and evaluate fracture risk using plain pelvis and lumbar spine radiographs. The performance of this tool were evaluated in 1639 and 11908 patients with pelvis or lumbar spine radiographs and DXA, respectively. The model was well calibrated for hip and spine BMD assessments with minimal or no bias. The area under the curve and accuracy were 0.89 and 92.4% for hip osteoporosis, 0.87 and 86.8% for spine osteoporosis, 0.92 and 94.6% for high 10-year major fracture risk, and 0.92 and 92.2% for high hip fracture risk, respectively. The success rates of our automated algorithm a real-world test were 85.3% and 90.4% for hip and spine, respectively. The clinical use of this automated tool may increase the likelihood of identifying high-risk patients in previously unscreened populations.
Mitigating COVID-19 Infection Disease Transmission in Indoor Environment Using Physical Barriers
Authors: REN CHEN , XI CHANG , FENG ZHUANGBO , NASIRI FUZHAN , CAO SHI-JIE , HAGHIGHAT FARIBORZ 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the normalized phase of COVID-19, droplets or aerosol particles produced by infected personnel are considered as the potential source of infection with uncertain exposure risk. As such, in densely populated open spaces, it is necessary to adopt strategies to mitigate the risk of infection disease transmission while providing sufficient ventilation air. An example of such strategies is use of physical barriers. In this study, the impact of barrier heights on the spread of aerosol particles is investigated in an open office environment with the well-designed ventilation mode and supply air rate. The risk of infection disease transmission is evaluated using simulation of particle concentration in different locations and subject to a number of source scenarios. It was found that a barrier height of at least 60cm above the desk surface is needed to effectively prevent the transmission of viruses. For workstations within 4m from the outlet, a 70cm height is considered, and with a proper ventilation mode, it is shown that the barriers can reduce the risk of infection by 72%. However, for the workstations further away from the outlet (beyond 4m), the effect of physical barrier cannot be that significant. In summary, this study provides a theoretical analysis for implementing physical barriers, as a low-cost mitigation strategy, subject to various height scenarios and investigation of their effectiveness in reducing the infection transmission probability.
Association of mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to secondhand smoke with prediabetes
Authors: Kim Seung Hoon , Park Minah , Kim Gyu Ri , Jang Sung-In 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
To examine the association of mixed electronic and conventional cigarette use and exposure to secondhand smoke with prediabetes.
Methods
Data from the 2014–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Prediabetes was defined as an HbA1C of 5.7–6.4%. Participants were categorized according to type of cigarette use and secondhand smoke exposure. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results
Of the 22,385 participants without diabetes, 6,735 had prediabetes. Mixed cigarette use was associated with a 1.57-fold increase in the odds of prediabetes when compared with never smoking without exposure to secondhand smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–1.87), and a 1.27-fold increase when compared with conventional cigarette use only (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09–1.49). Participants who were current non-smokers but mixed users in the past had an increased risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06–2.23). However, there was no significant association between current non-smoking but only conventional cigarette use in the past and prediabetes. Among never-smokers, exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increased the risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03–1.28).
Conclusions
Mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to secondhand smoke increased the risk of prediabetes.