bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total knee arthroplasty improves the quality-adjusted life years in patients who exceeded their estimated life expectancy
Authors: Palazzuolo Michele , Antoniadis Alexander , Mahlouly Jaad , Wegrzyn Julien 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the treatment of choice for end-stage osteoarthritis though its risk-benefit ratio in elderly patients remains debated. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome, rates of complication and mortality, and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) in patients who exceeded their estimated life expectancy.

Methods
Ninety-seven TKA implanted in 86 patients who exceeded their estimated life expectancy at the time of TKA were prospectively included in our institutional joint registry and retrospectively analyzed. At latest follow-up, the functional outcome with the Knee Society Score (KSS), rates of complication and mortality, and QALY with utility value of EuroQol-5D score were evaluated.

Results
At a mean follow-up of three ± one years, the pre- to post-operative KSS improved significantly (p < 0.01). The rates of surgical and major medical complications related to TKA were 3% and 10%, respectively. The re-operation rate with readmission was 3% while no TKA was revised. The 30-day and one year mortality was 1% and 3%, respectively. The pre- to one year post-operative QALY improved significantly (p < 0.01). The cumulative QALY five years after TKA was four years. Assuming that these patients did not undergo TKA, their cumulative QALY at five years would have been only two years.

Conclusion
TKA is an effective procedure for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis in patients who exceeded their estimated life expectancy. TKA provided significant improvement in function and quality of life without adversely affecting overall morbidity and mortality. Therefore, TKA should not be contra-indicated in elderly patients based on their advanced age alone.
Decline in body condition in the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in the Southern Ocean during the 1990s
Authors: Cunen Céline , Walløe Lars , Konishi Kenji , Hjort Nils Lid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractChanges in the body condition of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) have been investigated in a number of studies, but remain contested. Here we provide a new analysis of body condition measurements, with particularly careful attention to the statistical model building and to model selection issues. We analyse body condition data for a large number (4704) of minke whales caught between 1987 and 2005. The data consist of five different variables related to body condition (fat weight, blubber thickness and girth) and a number of temporal, spatial and biological covariates. The body condition variables are analysed using linear mixed-effects models, for which we provide sound biological motivation. Further, we conduct model selection with the focused information criterion (FIC), reflecting the fact that we have a clearly specified research question, which leads us to a clear focus parameter of particular interest. We find that there has been a substantial decline in body condition over the study period (the net declines are estimated to 10% for fat weight, 7% for blubber thickness and 3% for the girth). Interestingly, there seems to be some differences in body condition trends between males and females and in different regions of the Antarctic. The decline in body condition could indicate major changes in the Antarctic ecosystem, in particular, increased competition from some larger krill-eating whale species.
Medical knowledge and clinical productivity: independently correlated metrics during radiology residency
Authors: Alkhalaf Zahraa S. A. , Yakar Derya , de Groot Jan Cees , Dierckx Rudi A. J. O. , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective
To determine the association between medical knowledge relevant to radiology practice (as measured by the Dutch radiology progress test [DRPT]) and clinical productivity during radiology residency.

Methods
This study analyzed the results of 6 DRPTs and time period–matched clinical production points of radiology residents affiliated to a tertiary care academic medical center between 2013 and 2016. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the association between DRPT percentile scores and average daily clinical production points. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association of DRPT percentile scores with average daily clinical production points, adjusted for age and gender of the radiology resident, and postgraduate year.

Results
Eighty-four DRPTs with time period–matched clinical production points were included. These 84 DRPTs were made by 29 radiology residents (18 males and 11 females) with a median age of 31 years (range: 26–38 years). The Spearman correlation coefficient between DRPT percentile scores and average daily clinical production points was 0.550 (95% confidence interval: 0.381–0.694) (p < 0.001), indicating a significant moderate positive association. On multivariate analysis, average daily clinical production points (β coefficient of 0.035, p = 0.003), female gender of the radiology resident (β coefficient of 12.690, p = 0.001), and postgraduate year (β coefficient of 10.179, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with DRPT percentile scores. These three independent variables achieved an adjusted R2 of 0.527.

Conclusion
Clinical productivity is independently associated with medical knowledge relevant to radiology practice during radiology residency. These findings indicate that clinical productivity of a resident could be a potentially relevant metric in a radiology training program.

Key Points
• There is a significant moderate correlation between medical knowledge relevant to radiology practice and clinical productivity during radiology residency.
• Medical knowledge relevant to radiology practice remains independently associated with clinical productivity during radiology residency after adjustment for postgraduate year and gender.
• Clinical productivity of a resident may be regarded as a potentially relevant metric in a radiology training program.
Nonlinear Network Dynamics with Consensus–Dissensus Bifurcation
Authors: Devriendt Karel , Lambiotte Renaud 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study a nonlinear dynamical system on networks inspired by the pitchfork bifurcation normal form. The system has several interesting interpretations: as an interconnection of several pitchfork systems, a gradient dynamical system and the dominating behaviour of a general class of nonlinear dynamical systems. The equilibrium behaviour of the system exhibits a global bifurcation with respect to the system parameter, with a transition from a single constant stationary state to a large range of possible stationary states. Our main result classifies the stability of (a subset of) these stationary states in terms of theeffective resistancesof the underlying graph; this classification clearly discerns the influence of the specific topology in which the local pitchfork systems are interconnected. We further describe exact solutions for graphs with external equitable partitions and characterize the basins of attraction on tree graphs. Our technical analysis is supplemented by a study of the system on a number of prototypical networks: tree graphs, complete graphs and barbell graphs. We describe a number of qualitative properties of the dynamics on these networks, with promising modelling consequences.
Kombination von simulationsbasiertem Lernen und Online-Learning in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Deuchler Svenja , Sebode Christina , Ackermann Hanns , Schmack Ingo , Singh Pankaj , Kohnen Thomas , Koch Frank 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Ophthalmoskopie ist Bestandteil des medizinischen Curriculums, jedoch das Vermitteln der Inhalte oft unbefriedigend, da ein systematisches Lernen von Pathologien und deren Behandlungen dadurch erschwert ist, dass oftmals das passende Patientengut nicht zur Verfügung steht und dadurch gesunde Studenten einander untersuchen müssen. Aus diesem Grund haben wir eine Online-Plattform entwickelt, die in Kombination mit simulationsgestütztem Training sowohl das eigenständige als auch das angeleitete Lernen von Untersuchungsmethoden und Pathologien ermöglicht.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war, ein Format für die Verbesserung der Lehre der direkten und indirekten Ophthalmoskopie im Studierendenunterricht zu evaluieren. Dabei wurden praktische Übungen an Virtual-Reality-basierten Simulatoren mit neu entwickelten und an den Lehrkatalog angepassten theoretischen Inhalten in der Online-Plattform EyesiNet verschränkt.

Material und Methoden
Die Studierenden bearbeiteten am ersten sowie am letzten Praktikumstag zufällig ausgewählte Fälle, die ihnen von den Eyesi Direct- und Eyesi Indirect-Simulatoren präsentiert wurden. Zwischen diesen beiden Einheiten konnten sie sich auf freiwilliger Basis mit den theoretischen Grundlagen typischer ophthalmologischer Krankheitsbilder im EyesiNet beschäftigen.

Ergebnisse
Eyesi Direct: Die Bewertung des Simulators ergab am ersten Praktikumstag für beide Gruppen keinen signifikant unterschiedlichen Wissensstand (p = 0,29). In der Gruppe OHNE Training (n = 54) ergab sich am letzten Praktikumstag mit p = 0,02 eine signifikante Verbesserung dieser Bewertung, jedoch mit einer geringen Effektgröße von 0,1. In der Gruppe MIT Training (n = 32) konnte mit p = 0,0004 eine hoch signifikante Verbesserung mit einer Effektgröße von 0,3 nach Rosenthal festgestellt werden. Eyesi Indirect: Die simulatorgestützte Bewertung ergab am ersten Praktikumstag keinen signifikanten Unterschied im Wissensstand der beiden Gruppen (p = 0,1). Nach dem Training schnitten zwar beide Gruppen etwas besser ab, jedoch ohne signifikanten Unterschied (OHNE Training p = 0,41/MIT Training p = 0,17).

Diskussion
Die Online-Plattform EyesiNet unterstützt beim Erlernen der wichtigsten Erkrankungsbilder. Lerninhalte werden reproduzierbar und auf für alle Lernenden standardisierte Weise zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Fertigkeiten der direkten Ophthalmoskopie sind hierbei deutlich schneller als die der indirekten Ophthalmoskopie zu erlernen.
Umsetzung eines digitalen Semesters Augenheilkunde während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Müller Andreas , Wagner Felix M. , Matlach Juliane , Zimmermann Marion , Troeber Heike , Ponto Katharina A. , Brill Anita , Schmidt Franziska , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K. , Prokosch-Willing Verena 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die erste Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie stellte Lehrende und Studierende vor große Herausforderungen, da die studentische Lehre trotz Einschränkung des Präsenzunterrichts stattzufinden hatte. Für Präsenzunterricht und Veranstaltungen mit Patientenkontakt mussten kurzfristig zwischen Mitte März und Beginn des Semesters im April Alternativen gestaltet werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Beschreibung von Konzept und Umsetzung der studentischen Lehre an der Augenklinik der Universitätsmedizin Mainz in kompletter digitaler Form im Sommersemester 2020.

Konzeptvorstellung
Vorlesung, Untersuchungskurs und Praktikum der Augenheilkunde finden an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz im 5. und 6. Semester im Studiengang Humanmedizin statt. Grundlage der Neukonzeption war der bisherige Kursaufbau. Das umgesetzte Konzept umfasste Vorlesungen als Videopodcasts, Untersuchungsvideos, Online-Untersuchungskonferenzen, leitsymptomorientierte interaktive Patientenfälle, Operationsvideos, Anamnesevideos von Patienten und die Gestaltung eines „Live-Patientenzimmers“, in dem Patientenfälle inklusive Live-Übertragung des Spaltlampenbefundes und der Fundoskopie präsentiert wurden. Die Evaluation durch Studierende zeigte eine sehr gute Annahme des Konzeptes.

Diskussion
Es gelang innerhalb eines Zeitrahmens von 4 Wochen eine vollständige Überarbeitung und Digitalisierung des Kurses Augenheilkunde. Der größte Anteil der Neugestaltung beinhaltete die mediale Produktion von Untersuchungsvideos, interaktiven Patientenfällen und Videopodcasts der Vorlesungen. Diese digitalen Lehrkonzepte können auch in den nächsten Semestern nach Wiederaufnahme des Präsenzunterrichts genutzt werden und die Präsenzlehre in der Augenheilkunde unterstützen.
Benefit finding in long-term prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Lassmann Irène , Dinkel Andreas , Marten-Mittag Birgitt , Jahnen Matthias , Schulwitz Helga , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeBenefit finding (BF) represents possible positive changes that people may experience after cancer diagnosis and treatment and has proven to be valuable to the psychological outcome. Knowledge of such beneficial consequences of prostate cancer (PCa) is limited in long-term survivors (> 5 years). Thus, the present study investigated the occurrence of benefit finding (BF) and its determinants in a large sample of (very-) long-term PCa survivors.MethodsBF was assessed in 4252 PCa survivors from the German database “Familial Prostate Cancer” using the German version of the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS). Associations between BF and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial (e.g., depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived severity of the disease experience) variables were analyzed using hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsMean age at survey was 77.4 years (SD = 6.2) after a mean follow-up of 14.8 years (SD = 3.8). Mean BFS score was 3.14 (SD = 1.0); the prevalence of moderate-to-high BF (score ≥ 3) was 59.7%. Younger age at diagnosis, lower educational level, and higher perceived severity of the disease experience were predictive of BF. Objective disease severity or family history of PCa was not uniquely associated with BF.ConclusionsBF occurs in older, (very-) long-term PCa survivors. Our findings suggest that the self-asserted severity of the disease experience in a patient’s biography is linked to BF in the survivorship course above all tangible sociodemographic and clinical factors.Implications for cancer survivorsPCa survivors may express BF regardless of clinical disease severity. Treating urologists should consider inquiring BF to enrich a patient’s cancer narrative.
Regulation of SMC traction forces in human aortic thoracic aneurysms
Authors: Petit Claudie , Karkhaneh Yousefi Ali-Akbar , Ben Moussa Olfa , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Guignandon Alain , Avril Stéphane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSmooth muscle cells (SMCs) usually express a contractile phenotype in the healthy aorta. However, aortic SMCs have the ability to undergo profound changes in phenotype in response to changes in their extracellular environment, as occurs in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAA). Accordingly, there is a pressing need to quantify the mechanobiological effects of these changes at single cell level. To address this need, we applied Traction Force Microscopy (TFM) on 759 cells coming from three primary healthy (AoPrim) human SMC lineages and three primary aneurysmal (AnevPrim) human SMC lineages, from age and gender matched donors. We measured the basal traction forces applied by each of these cells onto compliant hydrogels of different stiffness (4, 8, 12, 25 kPa). Although the range of force generation by SMCs suggested some heterogeneity, we observed that: 1. the traction forces were significantly larger on substrates of larger stiffness; 2. traction forces in AnevPrim were significantly higher than in AoPrim cells. We modelled computationally the dynamic force generation process in SMCs using the motor-clutch model and found that it accounts well for the stiffness-dependent traction forces. The existence of larger traction forces in the AnevPrim SMCs were related to the larger size of cells in these lineages. We conclude that phenotype changes occurring in ATAA, which were previously known to reduce the expression of elongated and contractile SMCs (rendering SMCs less responsive to vasoactive agents), tend also to induce stronger SMCs. Future work aims at understanding the causes of this alteration process in aortic aneurysms.
Direct determination of cellulosic glucan content in starch-containing samples
Authors: Sluiter Justin B. , Michel Katie P. , Addison Bennett , Zeng Yining , Michener William , Paterson Alexander L. , Perras Frédéric A. , Wolfrum Edward J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA simple and highly selective analytical procedure is presented for the determination of cellulosic glucan content in samples that contain both cellulose and starch. This method eliminates the unacceptably large compounding errors of current two-measurement methods. If both starch and cellulose are present before analytical hydrolysis, both will be hydrolyzed to glucose causing bias and inaccuracy in the method. To prevent this interference, the removal of starch prior to cellulosic quantification is crucial. The method presented here is a concise in-series procedure with minimal measurements, eliminating large compounding errors. Sample preparation consists of a starch extraction employing enzymatic hydrolysis followed by a simple filtration and wash. The samples are then subjected to a two-stage acid hydrolysis. The concentration of glucose is determined by ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with a Pb2+column and a refractive index detector. The cellulosic glucan content is calculated based on the initial dry weight of the starting material. Data for the native biomass materials studied show excellent reproducibility, with coefficients of variance of 3.0% or less associated with the method. This selectivity for cellulosic glucan by the procedure was validated with several analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance.
Expansive learning in a change laboratory intervention for teachers
Authors: Augustsson Dennis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe theory of Expansive learning and the change laboratory (CL) methodology has been developed and applied in many studies on workplace learning and educational change. There are fewer studies made on small-scale interventions, exploring the longitudinal development of expansive learning in an educational change effort. This article examines a CL intervention performed in an upper secondary school in Sweden, with a small group of teachers engaged in a participatory design project. By identifying and analysing the relationship of the seven learning actions posited by the theory of expansive learning, the aim was to contribute to the discussion of the CL methodology and the empirical usability of the theory. The results showed that the seven expansive learning actions functioned as analytical tools to map the teachers learning and development, but the analysis also showed many deviations, disruptions and occurrence of practical actions of design in the process. This challenge the notions of cyclicity and ascension in the theory of expansive learning. Cyclicity might be desirable but not necessary for expansive learning which questions the need to first grasp the problem at a conceptual level before generating concrete solutions. The Findings in this study suggests the opposite; that the entanglement and parallel movement between the abstract and the concrete was a driving force for the teachers expansive learning and the design of new curricular units.
Towards a transdimensional home: home-making in the narrations of Norwegians of Turkish descent
Authors: Nikielska-Sekula Karolina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBuilding on current scholarship and empirical evidence from the research conducted by the author on Norwegian Turkish communities in the city of Drammen, Norway, this paper discusses the process of home-making by the descendants of Turkish immigrants in Norway, the so-called second- and third-generation. By doing so it develops a model of a transdimensional home that attempts to embrace the multiple and seemingly contradictory meanings and reflections of home involving eight dimensions identified in the narrations of the respondents: spatial, material, relational, home as routines and protection, home as origin, sensorial home, gendered relationships at home, and rejection from home. The model of a transdimensional home highlights people’s emotional and practical balancing acts between the ancestral country of origin and the place they live in. It aims at grasping the dynamics between these dimensions, approaching home as occurring at their intersection. It also underlines the processual character of the making of home in relation to the surrounding circumstances.
Analysis of loess landslide mechanism and numerical simulation stabilization on the Loess Plateau in Central China
Authors: Xie Wan-li , Guo Qianyi , Wu Jason Y. , Li Ping , Yang Hui , Zhang Maosheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLoess landslides have complicated deformation mechanisms. Accurately describing the internal failure deformation of loess landslides and establishing a theoretical method of landslide instability evaluation for the prevention of subsequent landslides have become important topics in western development project construction in China. This paper presents a case study of the Zhonglou Mountain landslide in Shaanxi Province, China. Based on field investigation results, a two-dimensional stability analysis model was constructed using the finite element method. Taking the deformation characteristics of the landslide as the research basis, the distribution laws of the displacement, stress, and shear strain of this landslide were identified with the strength reduction finite element numerical simulation method. Additionally, the safety factor was evaluated under normal and storm conditions. The numerical simulation results show that the horizontal tensile stress of the landslide was mainly distributed in the middle and upper parts of the landslide under normal conditions, while the vertical tensile stress was distributed near the sliding surface. Under heavy rainfall, the sliding force increased, and the anti-sliding force and anti-sliding section decreased; the location of the maximum shear strain shifted down from the middle and upper parts of the landslide body to the area with a shear crack, and the plastic shear strain area expanded along nearly the entire the sliding surface, leading to the occurrence of a landslide. Thus, the use of anti-slide piles to stabilize the landslide was proposed and tested. Monitoring points were arranged along the sliding surface to evaluate the displacement, stress, and strain responses. The on-site observation results agreed with the modeling results. The use of anti-slide piles was demonstrated to be an effective stabilization method for the Zhonglou Mountain landslide.