bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of outpatient emergency department visits of nursing home residents: an analysis of discharge letters
Authors: Heinold Stephanie , Fassmer Alexander Maximilian , Schmiemann Guido , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Unplanned emergency department (ED) visits of nursing home residents (NHR) are common, with many transfers not leading to hospitalization. However, there is little research on what diagnostic and therapeutic measures are performed during visits.

Aims
We analyzed underlying diagnoses, characteristics and performed medical procedures of unplanned outpatient ED visits by NHR.

Methods
We conducted a multi-center study of 14 nursing homes (NHs) in northwestern Germany in 03/2018–07/2019. Hospital transfers were documented by nursing staff using a standardized questionnaire for 12 months. In addition, discharge letters were used to collect information about the respective transfer, its reasons and the extend of the medical services performed in the ED.

Results
A total of 161 unplanned ED visits were included (mean age: 84.2 years; 68.3% females). The main transfer reasons were trauma (59.0%), urinary catheter and nutritional probe problems (overall 10.6%; male NHR 25.5%) and altered mental state (9.9%). 32.9% where discharged without imaging or blood test prior. 67.4% of injured NHR (n = 95) required no or only basic wound care. Catheter-related problems (n = 17) were mainly treated by changing an existing suprapubic catheter (35.3%) and by flushing the pre-existing catheter (29.4%).

Discussion
Our data suggest that the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions performed in ED, often do not exceed general practitioner (GP) care and many ED visits seem to be unnecessary.

Conclusion
Better coordination and consultation with GPs as well as better training of nursing staff in handling catheter problems could help to reduce the number of ED visits.
Assessing the Effects of Childhelp’s Speak Up be Safe Child Abuse Prevention Curriculum for High School Students
Authors: Diaz Marisol Juarez , Moreland Diane , Wolfersteig Wendy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the Childhelp Speak Up Be Safe (CHSUBS) child abuse prevention curriculum for high school students and addressed a gap in evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs. CHSUBS is grounded in theory and was developed to 1) provide students with the skills they need to prevent or interrupt child abuse, bullying, and neglect, and 2) increase student knowledge about safety related to abuse.MethodsUtilizing a cluster-randomized controlled trial design, the three high schools were randomly assigned to participate in the CHSUBS curriculum or the control group. Survey items measured the efficacy of the curriculum in grades 9 through 12. Surveys were implemented at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and after 6 months for a follow-up. Analyses included exploratory factor analyses and a paired samplest–test to determine whether increases in child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were gained.ResultsFindings showed positive significant results that child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills were significantly different from pre to post for the CHSUBS group and showed no significant control group changes.ConclusionsHigh school students in the CHSUBS group appeared to gain both child maltreatment knowledge and resistance skills. Future studies on prevention programming for high school students might show results that lead to a reduction in child maltreatment and an increase in better health outcomes for adolescents.
On topological structures of virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft sets
Authors: Dalkılıç Orhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the generalization of the concept of set, more comprehensive structures could be constructed in topological spaces. In this way, it is easier to express many relationships on existing mathematical models in a more comprehensive way. In this paper, the topological structure of virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft sets is analyzed by considering the virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft set theory, which is a hybrid set model that offers very practical approaches in expressing the membership degrees of decision makers, which has been introduced to the literature in recent years. Thus, it is aimed to contribute to the development of virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft set theory. To construct a topological structure on virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft sets, the concepts of point, quasi-coincident and mapping are first defined for this set theory and some of its characteristic properties are investigated. Then, virtual fuzzy parametrized fuzzy soft topological spaces are defined and concepts such as open, closed, closure, Q-neighborhood, interior, base, continuous, cover and compact are given. In addition, some related properties of these concepts are analyzed. Finally, many examples are given to make the paper easier to understand.
Differential evolution algorithm with population knowledge fusion strategy for image registration
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Yaoshen , Yang Yingying , Yue Hongda 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImage registration is a challenging NP-hard problem within the computer vision field. The differential evolutionary algorithm is a simple and efficient method to find the best among all the possible common parts of images. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the registration, a knowledge-fusion-based differential evolution algorithm is proposed, which combines segmentation, gradient descent method, and hybrid selection strategy to enhance the exploration ability in the early stage and the exploitation ability in the later stage. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and tested with CEC2013 benchmark and real image data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the existing algorithms in terms of solution quality, convergence speed, and solution success rate.
Selected ions and major and trace elements as contaminants in coal-waste dump water from the Lower and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland)
Authors: Lewińska-Preis Lucyna , Szram Ewa , Fabiańska Monika J. , Nádudvari Ádám , Misz-Kennan Magdalena , Abramowicz Anna , Kruszewski Łukasz , Kita Andrzej 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany temporary and permanent reservoirs of water occur on or near coal-waste dumps in the Lower- and Upper Silesian Coal Basins (Poland). Little or nothing is known of the degree to which their water chemistry might reflect (i) reservoir type, i.e., whether permanent or temporary, (ii) level of coal-waste thermal activity, i.e., whether inactive or self-heating or burnt-out or (iii) region, i.e., whether the dumps are in Upper- or Lower Silesia. To provide some answers, concentrations of selected ions (NH4+, HCO3−, F−, Cl−, Br−, NO2−, NO3−, PO43−,SO42−) were determined by ion chromatography and of nineteen elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Zn) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data allow a number of the following observations. When permanent reservoirs are considered, there is a clear relationship between concentrations of ions and major and trace elements and dump thermal activity. The highest concentrations occur where the thermal activity is high as inorganic components are transformed into more water-soluble forms. As dump thermal activity shows a regional pattern, it follows also that elemental and ion concentrations in the dump waters show significant regional differences. In temporary reservoirs, concentrations of ions and major and trace elements are much lower and any correlations between components less significant than in the permanent reservoirs; these reservoirs exist for too short a time for any balance between coal waste- and water components to be established.
Fabrication and performance of atmospheric plasma sprayed solid oxide fuel cells with liquid antimony anodes
Authors: Jiang Yidong , Mo Wenfei , Cao Tianyu , Shi Yixiang , Cai Ningsheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a liquid antimony anode (LAA) is a potential energy conversion technology for the use of impurity-containing fuels. Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) technology has become a promising LAA-SOFC preparation method because of its economy and convenience. In this paper, button SOFCs with different cathode materials and ratios of pore former were prepared by the APS method and were operated at 750 °C. The effect of the cathode structure on the electrochemical performance of the LAA-SOFCs was analyzed, and an optimized spraying method for LAA-SOFCs was developed. A tubular LAA-SOFC was prepared using the APS method based on the optimized spraying method, and a peak power of 2.5 W was reached. The tubular cell was also measured at a constant current of 2 A for 20 h and was fed with a sulfur-containing fuel to demonstrate its impurity resistance and electrode stability.
Synergistic Interfacial and Doping Engineering of Heterostructured NiCo(OH)x-CoyW as an Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Ruopeng , Xu Hao , Yang Peixia , Wang Dan , Li Yun , Xiao Lihui , Lu Xiangyu , Wang Bo , Zhang Jinqiu , An Maozhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo achieve high efficiency of water electrolysis to produce hydrogen (H2), developing non-noble metal-based catalysts with considerable performance have been considered as a crucial strategy, which is correlated with both the interphase properties and multi-metal synergistic effects. Herein, as a proof of concept, a delicate NiCo(OH)x-CoyW catalyst with a bush-like heterostructure was realized via gas-template-assisted electrodeposition, followed by an electrochemical etching-growth process, which ensured a high active area and fast gas release kinetics for a superior hydrogen evolution reaction, with an overpotential of 21 and 139 mV at 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Physical and electrochemical analyses demonstrated that the synergistic effect of the NiCo(OH)x/CoyW heterogeneous interface resulted in favorable electron redistribution and faster electron transfer efficiency. The amorphous NiCo(OH)x strengthened the water dissociation step, and metal phase of CoW provided sufficient sites for moderate H immediate adsorption/H2 desorption. In addition, NiCo(OH)x-CoyW exhibited desirable urea oxidation reaction activity for matching H2 generation with a low voltage of 1.51 V at 50 mA cm−2. More importantly, the synthesis and testing of the NiCo(OH)x-CoyW catalyst in this study were all solar-powered, suggesting a promising environmentally friendly process for practical applications.
Temporal Relations at the Sentence and Text Genre Level: The Role of Linguistic Cueing and Non-linguistic Biases—An Annotation Study of a Bilingual Corpus
Authors: Grisot Cristina , Blochowiak Joanna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the role of non-linguistic biases in the obligatory (verb tenses) and optional (discourse connectives) linguistic marking for inferring temporal relations at the sentence and the text genre levels. Specifically, we formulated and tested several assumptions: (1) thelinguistic cueing assumption(verb tenses inform language users about the temporal relation), (2) theimplicitness assumption(highly expected relations need not be overtly marked), (3) thespecialized connectiveassumption (specialized connectives are more efficient than underspecified ones), (4) thetext genre assumption(language users’ expectations of temporal relations are linked to the text genre), and (5) thetext status assumption(information in translated texts tends to be more explicit than in original texts). We carried out an annotation study of a bilingual corpus (French–English) belonging to two different text genres: literary and journalistic. Our results challenge theimplicitnessand thetext statusassumptions while confirming thelinguistic cueingand thetext genreassumptions. So, we put forth an alternative view, according to which language users have equal expectations about all three types of temporal relations and are oriented to one relation or the other by linguistic cueing (obligatory and optional marking) as well as text genre.
Long term results of surgical treatment of anal fistula in a case series of 483 patients
Authors: Burney Richard E. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Anal fistula is a common condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations, which make evaluation and treatment challenging and patient outcomes uncertain. This study describes lessons learned in the surgical treatment of 483 patients over a 20-period that led to a logical, pragmatic, effective approach to treating this condition.

Materials and methods:
This is a retrospective, observational study of consecutive patients managed by a single surgeon at a tertiary medical center from 1996 through 2018. Age and gender, comorbidities, location of internal and external openings, sphincter length, initial and subsequent surgical treatments, number of operations performed, and final outcomes were recorded. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and obstetrical injury were analyzed separately.

Results:
Data for analysis were available on 483 patients; 44 had inflammatory bowel disease; 22 had prior obstetrical injury. Among the 419 patients with neither IBD nor birth injury, men predominated (66% vs 34%); 80% had prior abscesses. A variety of surgical procedures were done, tailored to the specific characteristics of the patient. Digital measurement of sphincter length was the most important element of pre-operative evaluation to determine whether a simple fistulotomy, a sphincter saving procedure, or a series of staged procedures was needed. 97% of patients with non-complex fistulas healed after relatively simple procedures. The 18% with complex fistulas and those with recurrent fistulas needed up to 4 operations before healing was achieved. Fistulas healed in about half the patients with IBD and in 80% or women with prior obstetrical injury.

Conclusion:
Measurement of sphincter length along with careful evaluation of anatomy and etiology enable a tailored, successful approach to treatment of anal fistula. Surgeons should be familiar with a variety of surgical approaches so that treatment can be designed based on the specific anatomic and physiologic characteristics of individual patients.

Highlights
Self-Representation of Marginalized Groups: A New Way of Thinking through W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Chowdhury Rashedur 
Published: April 2021

I address an interesting puzzle of how marginalized groups gain self-representation and influence firms’ strategies. Accordingly, I examine the case of access to low-cost HIV/AIDS drugs in South Africa by integrating W. E. B. Du Bois’s work into stakeholder theory. Du Bois’s scholarly work, most notably his founding contribution to Black scholarship, has profound significance in the humanities and social sciences disciplines and vast potential to inspire a new way of thinking and doing research in the management and organization fields, including business ethics research. By drawing on Du Bois’s works, I argue that through reconstruction of their selves—knowing their souls—marginalized groups know their capabilities better, enabling them to overcome their political and strategic limitations and ensure their true self-representation. They are also empowered to use political imagination and strategies of resistance against more powerful opponents. This influences powerful actors to accept the demands of marginalized groups.
Ten Years After: From UN Guiding Principles to Multi-Fiduciary Obligations
Authors: RUGGIE John Gerard , REES Caroline , DAVIS Rachel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor the first time in four decades, leading business associations, corporations, and the corporate law and governance community are seriously debating moving beyond shareholder primacy toward some form of ‘stakeholder governance. But the how question unveils significant differences of opinion as well as difficulties. We focus on a pathway that complements the ambition of stakeholder governance, but which current reform proposals have largely overlooked. We draw on practical experience in the field of business and human rights, where leading companies are increasingly embedding human rights due diligence processes into their strategic decision-making. We contend that as human rights due diligence is made mandatory for companies, which it is in a growing number of jurisdictions, including for foreign firms with a significant business presence in them, risks to stakeholders become a material corporate governance issue. That makes it necessary for firms to address stakeholder concerns and to demonstrate that they are, with possible legal consequences for having failed to do where harm occurs. Such changes by themselves may not constitute a full-blown system of multi-fiduciary obligations, but they mark substantial strides on the path toward it, and they are doing it in the relatively near-term.
Bearing Witness: Creating the Conditions of Justice for First Nations Children
Authors: Ariss Rachel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn 2016, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal found that Canada’s management of child welfare discriminates against First Nations children. The First Nations Child and Family Caring Society, one of the complainants, maintains a web-based campaign called “I Am A Witness,” providing details on the hearings and legal materials and asking visitors to act towards ending discrimination against First Nations children. What does it mean to bear witness to such discrimination? The concept of “witnessing” circulates through Indigenous oral traditions, communication and media theories, and the common law. This article explores the I Am A Witness campaign, arguing that as it evokes various theories of witnessing and builds public awareness of legal processes, it shifts spaces of and perspectives on legality beyond Western categories, creating a public that is enabled to bear witness to, and respond to, ongoing injustices against Indigenous peoples.
Increasing face-mask compliance among healthcare personnel during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Datta Rupak , Glenn Keith , Pellegrino Anthony , Tuan Jessica , Linde Brian , Kayani Jehanzeb , Patel Kavin , Calo Lisbeysi , Dembry Louise Marie , Fisher Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:Prior studies of universal masking have not measured face-mask compliance. We performed a quality improvement study to monitor and improve face-mask compliance among healthcare personnel (HCP) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design:Mixed-methods study.Setting:Tertiary-care center in West Haven, Connecticut.Patients:HCP including physicians, nurses, and ancillary staff.Methods:Face-mask compliance was measured through direct observations during a 4-week baseline period after universal masking was mandated. Frontline and management HCP completed semistructured interviews from which a multimodal intervention was developed. Direct observations were repeated during a 14-week period following implementation of the multimodal intervention. Differences between units were evaluated with χ2 testing using the Bonferroni correction. Face-mask compliance between baseline and intervention periods was compared using time-series regression.Results:Among 1,561 observations during the baseline period, median weekly face-mask compliance was 82.2% (range, 80.8%–84.4%). Semistructured interviews were performed with 16 HCP. Qualitative analysis informed the development of a multimodal intervention consisting of audit and passive feedback, active discussion, and increased communication from leadership. Among 2,651 observations during the intervention period, median weekly face-mask compliance was 92.6% (range, 84.6%–97.9%). There was no difference in weekly face-mask compliance between COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 units. The multimodal intervention was associated with an increase in face-mask compliance (β = 0.023; P = .002).Conclusions:Face-mask compliance remained suboptimal among HCP despite a facility-wide mandate for universal masking. A multimodal intervention consisting of audit and passive feedback, active discussion, and increased communication from leadership was effective in increasing face-mask compliance among HCP.
Assessing vulnerability and resistance to plant invasions: a native community perspective
Authors: Ibáñez Inés , Liu Gang , Petri Laís , Schaffer-Morrison Sam , Schueller Sheila 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRisk assessments of biological invasions rarely account for native species performance and community features, but the assessment presented here could provide additional insights for management aimed at decreasing vulnerability or increasing resistance of a plant community to invasions. To gather information on the drivers of native plant communities’ vulnerability and resistance to invasion, we conducted a literature search and meta-analysis. Using the data we collected, we compared native and invasive plant performance between sites with high and low levels of invasion. We then investigated conditions under which native performance increased, decreased, or did not change with respect to invasive plants. We analyzed data from 214 publications summing to 506 observations. There were six main drivers of vulnerability to invasion: disturbance, decrease in resources, increase in resources, lack of biotic resistance, lack of natural enemies, and differences in propagule availability between native and invasive species. The two mechanisms of vulnerability to invasion associated with a strong decline in native plant performance were propagule availability and lack of biotic resistance. Native plants marginally benefited from enemy release and from decreases in resources, while invasive plants strongly benefited from both increased resources and lack of enemies. Fluctuation of resources, decreases and increases, were strongly associated with higher invasive performance, while native plants varied in their responses. These differences were particularly strong in instances of decreasing water or nutrients and of increasing light and nutrients. We found overall neutral to positive responses of native plant communities to disturbance, but natives were outperformed by invasive species when disturbance was caused by human activities. We identified ecosystem features associated with both vulnerability and resistance to invasion, then used our results to inform management aimed at protecting the native community.
SAME-SEX RELATIONS AND LEGAL TRADITIONS IN CAMEROON AND SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Bongmba Elias Kifon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis essay revisits the debates and legal contests that grew in Cameroon at the turn of the millennium but failed to bring justice for members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community. Several members of sexual minorities were tried in Cameroon courts and sentenced to serve jail time. In order to reflect on the state of legal limbo for LGBTQ people in Cameroon, I also revisit the South African caseMinister of Home Affairs and the Director General of Home Affairs versus Marie Adrianna Fourie and Cecelia Johanna Bonthuys, which led to legalization of same-sex relationships and marriage in South Africa. In the first and longer part of the essay, I discuss the situation in Cameroon and South Africa. In the second part, I briefly discuss the different legal outcomes in the two countries. I conclude with a brief discussion of signs of hope in the critical dialogue on justice in the debate on same-sex relations in Africa. My goal in this essay is not to offer expert opinion on the legal entanglements on the question of same-sex relations, but to demonstrate that legal and constitutional protections offer the best chance for gaining the rights of LGBTQ people in Africa.