bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Mujadzic Tarik , Friedman Harold I. , Mujadzic Mirza M. , Gober Charles , Chen Elliot , Atwez Abdelaziz , Durkin Martin , Mujadzic Mirsad M. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Pillar pain is a frequent postoperative complication of carpal tunnel release (CTR). The precise definition of pillar pain is lacking, but most authors describe it as diffuse aching pain and tenderness in the thenar and hypothenar area. The etiology of pillar pain is unclear. However, the most prevalent theory is the neurogenic theory, which attributes the pain to the damage of small nerve branches of palmar cutaneous branches of median nerve after surgical incision, with resulting entrapment of the nerves in the scar tissue at the incision site. We postulated that a main source of pillar pain is sensory neuromas along the incision site.
In this article, we describe a simple modification of the standard CTR technique with intent to decrease neuroma formation and thus minimizing pillar pain.

Materials and Methods
This is a retrospective study comparing the incidence and duration of pillar pain between patients who underwent standard CTR (SCTR, n = 53) versus the minimizing pillar pain CTR technique (n = 55). Based on duration of pillar pain, the groups were placed into 3 subgroups (<3, 3–6, and >6 months). Presence and duration of pillar pain in each group were recorded along with return to work (RTW), complications, and patient satisfaction.

Results
The SCTR group had a total of 17 patients with pillar pain (32.1%), 5 of which resolved within 3 months, 7 within 3 to 6 months, and 5 in more than 6 months. The group that underwent the minimizing pillar pain technique had a total of 4 patients with pillar pain (7.2%). Three resolved within 3 months, 1 resolved within 3 to 6 months, and there were no patients with pillar pain lasting more than 6 months. Average RTW time for minimization of pillar pain CTR (MPPCTR) was 34.9 days. Average RTW time for SCTR was 54.8 days. Satisfaction was higher among patients who underwent surgery with MPPCTR.

Conclusions
Based on these results, we concluded that MPPCTR compared with SCTR had equal complication rate, however, significantly lower incidence and duration of pillar pain, higher rate of satisfaction, and earlier RTW.
Hot water extract of Arthrospira maxima (AHWE) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA virus including coronavirus SARS-CoV2, and the antivirus spray application
Authors: Chen Yi-Hsiang , Liao Ya-Chun , Huang Jyun-Yuan , Kung Yu-An , Chiueh Chuang-Chun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Arthrospira maxima has be used as a food source for a long time, and the protein or polysaccharide fractions were evidenced to have antiviral activity, therefore we examined the antiviral efficacy of hot water extract from Arthrospira maxima (AHWE), on Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Influenza virus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, and Coronavirus for antiviral spray application. In this study, we demonstrated that the AHWE shown 90 to 100% inhibition rate on the plaque formation of EV71, HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza virus, RSV, 229E and SARS-COV2 at virus attachment stage, and the long-lasting protection study also found while the AHWE was pre-exposed to the open air for more than 4 hours in plaque reduction assay. In addition, AHWE also had inhibitory effect on Ebola virus replication at 500 ug/ml. Finally, AHWE also shown no toxicity and skin sensitivity that imply it could be safe for future clinical use if approved by FDA. In conclusion, this study suggests that AHWE could be developed as a potential broad-spectrum antivirus spray product and therapeutic agent.
Development of methods for purification of individual biological active substances obtained from extracts of Hedysarum neglectum
Authors: Dmitrieva Anastasia Igorevna , Drozdova Margarita Yuryevna , Dolganyuk Vyacheslav Fedorovich 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHedysarum neglectum is a forage plant. Xanthone glycoside - mangiferin is extracted from this plant and used for medicine “Alpizarin”. In addition to substances of xanthone nature (mangiferin and isomangiferin) Hedysarum neglectum contains sugars, vitamins and provitamins, tannins; in the underground part it contains oligomeric catechins, isoflavonoids, butylphenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, carbohydrates, vitamin C. For selecting optimal schemes of fractionization of substances, it is necessary to resort to multi-stage schemes of group-wide (preliminary) isolation and preparative accumulation. In particular cases, it is necessary to take into account the presence of concomitant substances, as well as the effectiveness and selectivity of the sorption-chromatographic technologies used. According to the results of the studies, the use of silica gel and sefadex LH-20 for the isolation of a complex of flavonoids and gallic acid is the most effective method for the selection of the optimal variant of the preparative isolation of the total amount of BAS in mcg/ml. The results of the research allowed us to identify the target biologically active substances with a degree of extraction of at least 80%: - fractions of xanthones, flavonoids, gallic acid.
Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Adelphe Ahissou Noudéhouénou Crédo , Benova Lenka , Delvaux Thérèse , Gryseels Charlotte , Dossou Jean-Paul , Goufodji Sourou , Kanhonou Lydie , Boyi Christelle , Vigan Armelle , Peeters Koen , Sato Miho , Matsui Mitsuaki 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe study aimed to assess the determinants of modern contraceptive method use among young women in Benin.DesignA mixed-methods design.Setting and participantsWe used the Benin 2017-18 Demographic and Health Survey datasets for quantitative analysis. Data collection was conducted using multiple-cluster sampling method and through household survey. Qualitative part was conducted in the city of Allada, one of the Fon cultural capitals. The participants were purposively selected.OutcomesContraceptive prevalence rate, unmet need for modern method, and percentage of demand satisfied by a modern method for currently married and sexually active unmarried women were measured in the quantitative part. Access barriers and utilization of modern methods were assessed in the qualitative part.ResultsOverall, 8.5% (95%CI: 7.7-9.5%) among young women ages 15 to 24 were using modern contraceptives and 13% (95%CI: 12.1-14.0%) among women ages 25 or more. Women 15-24 had a higher unmet need, and a lower demand satisfied by modern contraceptive methods compared to women aged 25 or more. 60.8% (56.9-64.7%) of all unmarried young women had unmet need for modern contraceptives. Young women were more likely to use male condoms which they obtain mainly from for-profit outlets, pharmacies, and relatives. The factors associated with demand satisfied by a modern method were literacy, being unmarried, knowing a greater number of modern contraceptive methods, and experiencing barriers in access to health services. On the other hand, the qualitative study found that barriers to using modern methods include community norms about pre-marital sexual intercourse, perceptions about young women’s fertility, spousal consent, and the use of non-modern contraceptives.ConclusionContraceptive use is low among young women in Benin. The use of modern contraceptives is influenced by socio-demographic factors and social norms. Appropriate interventions might promote comprehensive sexuality education, increase community engagement, provide youth-friendly services, and address gender inequalities.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study used a nationally representative survey data which allows generalizability at the national level.We used a mixed methods design which enables us to compare and discuss the large-scale quantitative data with qualitative information from the ground.The quantitative information could have been affected by recall errors and biases.
“We felt like part of a production system”: a qualitative study on women’s experience of mistreatment during childbirth in Switzerland
Authors: Meyer Stephanie , Cignacco Eva , Monteverde Settimio , Trachsel Manuel , Raio Luigi , Oelhafen Stephan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMistreatment during childbirth is an issue of global magnitude that not only violates fundamental human rights but also seriously impacts women’s well-being. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon by exploring the individual experiences of women who reported mistreatment during childbirth in Switzerland.Materials and MethodsThis project used a mixed methods approach to investigate women’s experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in general and informal coercion specifically: the present qualitative study expands on the findings from a nationwide online survey on childbirth experience. It combines inductive with theory-guided thematic analysis to study the 7753 comments women wrote in the survey and the subsequent interviews with 11 women who reported being mistreated during childbirth.ResultsThe women described a wide range of experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in both the survey comments and the interviews. Out of all survey participants who wrote at least one comment (n = 3547), 28% described one or more experiences of mistreatment. Six of the seven types of mistreatment listed in Bohren and colleagues’ typology of mistreatment during childbirth were found, the most frequent of which were ineffective communication and lack of informed consent. Five further themes were identified in the interviews: informal coercion, risk factors for mistreatment, consequences of mistreatment, examples of good care, and what’s needed to improve maternity care.ConclusionThe findings from this study show that experiences of mistreatment are a reality in Swiss maternity care and give insight into women’s individual experiences as well as how these affect them during and after childbirth. This study emphasises the need to respect women’s autonomy in order to prevent mistreatment and empower women to actively participate in decisions. Both individual and systemic efforts are required to prevent mistreatment and guarantee respectful, dignified, and high-quality maternity care for all.
Cell culture-based production of defective interfering influenza A virus particles in perfusion mode using an alternating tangential flow filtration system
Authors: Hein Marc D. , Chawla Anshika , Cattaneo Maurizio , Kupke Sascha Y. , Genzel Yvonne , Reichl Udo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRespiratory diseases including influenza A virus (IAV) infections represent a major threat to human health. While the development of a vaccine requires a lot of time, a fast countermeasure could be the use of defective interfering particles (DIPs) for antiviral therapy. IAV DIPs are usually characterized by a large internal deletion in one viral RNA segment. Consequentially, DIPs can only propagate in presence of infectious standard viruses (STVs), compensating the missing gene function. Here, they interfere with and suppress the STV replication and might act “universally” against many IAV subtypes. We recently reported a production system for purely clonal DIPs utilizing genetically modified cells. In the present study, we established an automated perfusion process for production of a DIP, called DI244, using an alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) system for cell retention. Viable cell concentrations and DIP titers more than 10-times higher than for a previously reported batch cultivation were observed. Further, we investigated a novel tubular cell retention device for its potential for continuous virus harvesting into the permeate. Very comparable performances to typically used hollow fiber membranes were found during the cell growth phase. During the virus replication phase the tubular membrane, in contrast to the hollow fiber membrane, allowed 100% of the produced virus particles to pass through. To our knowledge, this is the first time a continuous virus harvest was shown for a membrane-based perfusion process. Overall, the process established offers interesting possibilities for advanced process integration strategies for next-generation virus particle and virus vector manufacturing.Key pointsAn automated perfusion process for production of IAV DIPs was establishedDIP titers of 7.40E+9 plaque forming units per mL were reachedA novel tubular cell retention device enabled continuous virus harvesting
Compensatory CSF2-driven macrophage activation promotes adaptive resistance to CSF1R inhibition in breast-to-brain metastasis
Authors: Klemm Florian , Schäffer Alexander , Salamero-Boix Anna , Alekseeva Tijna , Schulz Michael , Niesel Katja , Maas Roeltje R. , Groth Marie , Elie Benelita T. , Bowman Robert L. , Hegi Monika E. , Daniel Roy T. , Zeiner Pia S. , Zinke Jenny , Harter Patrick N. , Plate Karl H. , Joyce Johanna A. , Sevenich Lisa 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYTumor microenvironment-targeted therapies are emerging as promising treatment options for different cancer types. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) represent an abundant non-malignant cell type in brain metastases and have been proposed to modulate metastatic colonization and outgrowth. We used an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) to target TAMs at distinct stages of the metastatic cascade in preclinical breast-to-brain metastasis models and found that CSF1R inhibition leads to anti-tumor responses in prevention and intervention trials. However, in established brain metastases, compensatory CSF2Rb-STAT5-mediated pro-inflammatory TAM activation blunted the ultimate efficacy of CSF1R inhibition by inducing neuro-inflammation gene signatures in association with wound repair responses that fostered tumor recurrence. Consequently, combined blockade of CSF1R and STAT5 signaling led to sustained tumor control, a normalization of microglial activation states and amelioration of neuronal damage.
Dual roles of a novel oncolytic viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: preventing COVID-19 and treating tumor progression
Authors: Sun Yaping , Dong Wenjuan , Tian Lei , Rao Youliang , Qin Chao , Jaramillo Sierra A. , Settles Erik W. , Ma Shoubao , Zhang Jianying , Yu Kang , Xu Bo , Yan Jiazhuo , Ma Rui , Li Zhuo , Dadwal Sanjeet S. , Barker Bridget M. , Keim Paul S. , Feng Pinghui , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Cancer patients are usually immunocompromised and thus are particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection resulting in COVID-19. Although many vaccines against COVID-19 are being preclinically or clinically tested or approved, none have yet been specifically developed for cancer patients or reported as having potential dual functions to prevent COVID-19 and treat cancer. Here, we confirmed that COVID-19 patients with cancer have low levels of antibodies against the spike (S) protein, a viral surface protein mediating the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, compared with COVID-19 patients without cancer. We developed an oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 vector-based vaccine named oncolytic virus (OV)-spike. OV-spike induced abundant anti-S protein neutralization antibodies in both tumor-free and tumor-bearing mice, which inhibit infection of VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and wild-type (WT) live SARS-CoV-2 as well as the B.1.1.7 variant in vitro. In the tumor-bearing mice, OV-spike also inhibited tumor growth, leading to better survival in multiple preclinical tumor models than the untreated control. Furthermore, OV-spike induced anti-tumor immune response and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response without causing serious adverse events. Thus, OV-spike is a promising vaccine candidate for both preventing COVID-19 and enhancing the anti-tumor response.One Sentence SummaryA herpes oncolytic viral vector-based vaccine is a promising vaccine with dual roles in preventing COVID-19 and treating tumor progression
Constitutive AP2γ deficiency reduces postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and induces behavioral deficits in juvenile mice that persist during adulthood
Authors: Loureiro-Campos Eduardo , Alves Nuno Dinis , Mateus-Pinheiro António , Patrício Patrícia , Soares-Cunha Carina , Silva Joana , Sardinha Vanessa Morais , Mendes-Pinheiro Bárbara , Silveira-Rosa Tiago , João Rodrigues Ana , Oliveira João Filipe , Sousa Nuno , Pinto Luísa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe transcription factor activating protein two gamma (AP2γ) is an important regulator of neurogenesis both during embryonic development as well as in the postnatal brain, but its role for neurophysiology and behavior at distinct postnatal periods is still unclear. In this work, we explored the neurogenic, behavioral, and functional impact of a constitutive AP2γ heterozygous deletion in mice from early postnatal development until adulthood. Constitutive AP2γ heterozygous deletion in mice caused a reduction of hippocampal transient amplifying progenitors (TAPs) in the postnatal brain, inducing significant impairments on hippocampal-dependent emotional- and cognitive-behavioral tasks including anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits, typically associated with an intact neurogenic activity. Moreover, AP2γ deficiency impairs dorsal hippocampus-to-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity.We observed a progressive and cumulative impact of constitutive AP2γ deficiency on the hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenic process, as well as alterations on limbic-cortical connectivity, together with impairments on emotional and cognitive behaviors from juvenile to adult periods. Collectively, the results herein presented demonstrate the importance of AP2γ in the generation of glutamatergic neurons in the postnatal brain and its impact on behavioral performance.
Hepatic MIR20B promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing PPARA
Authors: Lee Yo Han , Jang Hyun-Jun , Kim Sounkou , Choi Sun Sil , Khim Keon Woo , Eom Hye-Jin , Hyun Jimin , Shin Kyeong Jin , Chae Young Chan , Kim Hongtae , Park Jiyoung , Park Neung Hwa , Woo Chang-Yun , Hong Chung Hwan , Koh Eun Hee , Nam Dougu , Choi Jang Hyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and imbalances in lipid metabolism in the liver. Although nuclear receptors (NRs) play a crucial role in hepatic lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanisms of NR regulation in NAFLD remain largely unclear.MethodsUsing network analysis and RNA-seq to determine the correlation between NRs and microRNA in human NAFLD patients, we revealed that MIR20B specifically targets PPARA. MIR20B mimic and anti-MIR20B were administered to human HepG2 and Huh-7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes as well as high fat diet (HFD)- or methionine-deficient diet (MCD)-fed mice to verify the specific function of MIR20B in NAFLD. We tested the inhibition of the therapeutic effect of a PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, by MIR20B and the synergic effect of combination of fenofibrate with anti-MIR20B.ResultsWe revealed that MIR20B specifically targets PPARA through miRNA regulatory network analysis of nuclear receptor genes in NAFLD. The expression of MIR20B was upregulated in free fatty acid (FA)- treated hepatocytes and the livers of both obesity-induced mice and NAFLD patients. Overexpression of MIR20B significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, MIR20B significantly reduced FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis by targeting PPARA. In MIR20B-introduced mice, the effect of fenofibrate to ameliorate hepatic steatosis was significantly suppressed. Finally, inhibition of MIR20B significantly increased FA oxidation and uptake, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and a decrease in NAFLD progression. Moreover, combination of fenofibrate and anti-MIR20B exhibited the synergic effect on improvement of NAFLD in MCD-fed mice.ConclusionsTaken together, our results demonstrate that the novel MIR20B targets PPARA, plays a significant role in hepatic lipid metabolism, and present an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics for NAFLD.FundingThis research was funded by Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project (2016M3A9D5A01952411), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (2020R1F1A1061267, 2018R1A5A1024340, NRF-2021R1I1A2041463, 2020R1I1A1A01074940), and the Future-leading Project Research Fund (1.210034.01) of UNIST.
FETCH: A platform for high-throughput quantification of gap junction hemichannel docking
Authors: Ransey Elizabeth , Chesnov Kirill , Bursac Nenad , Dzirasa Kafui 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTGap junctions are membrane spanning channels that connect the cytoplasm of apposed cells, allowing for the passage of small molecules and ions. They are formed by the connexin (Cx) family of proteins which assemble into hexameric hemichannels on each cell and dock to create gap junctional channels between two cells. Despite importance of various Cx isoforms in human physiology and disease, available tools for screening and discriminating their interactions such as hemichannel compatibility, docking and permeability are limited. Here, we developed FETCH (flow enabled tracking of connexosomes in HEK cells), a method which utilizes the generation of annular gap junctions (connexosomes) as downstream indicators of hemichannel compatibility for intercellular docking. First, we show that fluorescent connexosomes create a cellular phenotype that is detectable by flow cytometry analysis. We then show that FETCH identifies homotypic and heterotypic docking of many single isoform connexin hemichannels. Finally, we demonstrate that FETCH captures the impact of disease-relevant connexin protein mutations on gap junction formation. Thus, we establish a new flow cytometry-based method that is amenable to the high-throughput classification of gap junction hemichannel docking.
Cannabinoids vs. whole metabolome: relevance of cannabinomics in analyzing Cannabis varieties
Authors: Vásquez-Ocmín Pedro G. , Marti Guillaume , Bonhomme Maxime , Mathis Fabienne , Fournier Sylvie , Bertani Stéphane , Maciuk Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTCannabis sativa has a long history of domestication both for its bioactive compounds and its fibers. This has produced hundreds of varieties, usually characterized in the literature by chemotypes, with Δ9-THC and CBD content as the main markers. However, chemotyping could also be done based on minor compounds (phytocannabinoids and others). In this work, a workflow, which we propose to name cannabinomics, combines mass spectrometry of the whole metabolome and statistical analysis to help differentiate C. sativa varieties and deciphering their characteristic markers. By applying this cannabinomics approach to the data obtained from 20 varieties of C. sativa (classically classified as chemotype I, II, or III), we compared the results with those obtained by a targeted quantification of 11 phytocannabinoids. Cannabinomics can be considered as a complementary tool for phenotyping and genotyping, allowing the identification of minor compounds playing a key role as markers of differentiation.