bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Malformation Risk According to Hemoglobin A1c Values in a Contemporary Cohort with Pregestational Diabetes
Authors: Martin Robert B. , Duryea Elaine L. , Ambia Anne , Ragsdale Alexandra , Mcintire Donald , Wells Chet Edward , Spong Catherine Y. , Dashe Jodi S. , Nelson David B. 
Published: June 2021

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the association between hemoglobin A1c values and likelihood of fetal anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes.Study Design Women with pregestational diabetes who delivered at a single institution that serves a nonreferred population from May 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 were ascertained. Hemoglobin A1c values were obtained at the first prenatal visit. Women who delivered a singleton live- or stillborn infant with a major malformation as defined by European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies criteria were identified. In infants with multiple system anomalies, each malformation was considered separately. Hemoglobin A1c values were analyzed categorically by using Mantel–Haenszel method and continuously with linear regression for trend for fetal anomalies.Results A total of 1,676 deliveries to women with pregestational diabetes were delivered at our institution, and hemoglobin A1c was assessed in 1,573 deliveries (94%). There were 129 deliveries of an infant with at least one major malformation, an overall anomaly rate of approximately 8%. Mean hemoglobin A1c concentration was significantly higher in pregnancies with anomalous infants, 9.3 ± 2.1% versus 8.0 ± 2.1%, and p <0.001. There was no difference in gestational age at the time hemoglobin A1c was obtained, 13 ± 8.3 versus 14 ± 8.7 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c was associated with increased probability of a congenital malformation. This reached 10% with a hemoglobin A1c concentration of 10%, and 20% with a hemoglobin A1c of 13%. Similar trends were seen when examining risk of anomalies by organ system with increasing hemoglobin A1c levels, with the greatest increase in probability for both cardiac and genitourinary anomalies.Conclusion In women with pregestational diabetes, hemoglobin A1c is strongly associated with fetal anomaly risk. Data from a contemporary cohort may facilitate counseling and also highlight the need for preconceptual care and glycemic optimization prior to entry to obstetric care.Key Points
Converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences
Authors: Thöni Christian , Volk Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Significance
There is continuing interest in the study of gender differences in economic and social outcomes. An important factor underlying gender differences in outcomes are gender differences in fundamental economic preferences, which are at the core of many differential choices of women and men. We provide strong evidence for greater male variability in preferences. We find that men are more likely to have extreme time, risk, and social preferences, while women are more likely to have moderate preferences. With the focus on mean differences, the current literature underestimates the importance of gender differences and their effects on differential choices and outcomes between women and men.
Phosphate Elimination and Recovery Lightweight (PEARL) membrane: A sustainable environmental remediation approach
Authors: Ribet Stephanie M. , Shindel Benjamin , dos Reis Roberto , Nandwana Vikas , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The large scale of pollution requires solutions that are efficient and effective while meeting economic and engineering considerations. We report the Phosphate Elimination and Recovery Lightweight (PEARL) membrane, a nanocomposite that can be used to selectively and repeatably recover phosphate at will from contaminated waters. The PEARL membrane is made through a scalable, aqueous process. An inexpensive porous structure is coated with a slurry of nanostructures tailored for selective sorption of pollutants. Characterization of the PEARL membrane provides compelling scientific insights into its complex architecture and its binding of phosphate. The PEARL membrane approach is potentially general and versatile such that it can be tuned to remediate other contaminants with the same core principles of performance, scalability, reusability, and cost-effectiveness.
Regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis by the RNA binding protein FAM195A
Authors: Cannavino Jessica , Shao Mengle , An Yu A. , Bezprozvannaya Svetlana , Chen Shiuhwei , Kim Jiwoong , Xu Lin , McAnally John R. , Scherer Philipp E. , Liu Ning , Gupta Rana K. , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Activation of brown adipose tissue offers a strategy for enhancing energy expenditure to counteract obesity and other metabolic disorders. The discovery of novel factors regulating brown adipose tissue function has implications in therapeutic intervention to treat metabolic dysfunction. Here, we discover a previously uncharacterized RNA binding protein called FAM195A and show that genetically engineered mice lacking FAM195A are severely cold intolerant and have abnormalities in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. In vitro studies showed that FAM195A is required for the expression of enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid catabolism. This study reveals FAM195A to be a link between thermoregulation, metabolism, and RNA processes, highlighting FAM195A as an important regulator of brown adipose tissue activation.
Phase transitions of light in a dye-filled microcavity: observations and simulations
Authors: Nyman R.A. , Dhar H.S. , Rodrigues J.D. , Mintert F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Photon thermalisation and condensation in dye-filled microcavities is a growing area of scientific interest, at the intersection of photonics, quantum optics and statistical physics. We give here a short introduction to the topic, together with an explanation of some of our more important recent results. A key result across several projects is that we have a model based on a detailed physical description which has been used to accurately describe experimental observations. We present a new open-source package in Python called PyPBEC which implements this model. The aim is to enable the reader to readily simulate and explore the physics of photon condensates themselves, so this article also includes a working example code which can be downloaded from the GitHub repository.
An advanced lifetime measurement method by square wave excitation and lock-in amplifier
Authors: Çodur M Mustafa , Yercİ Selçuk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Achieving the radiation decay rate with high accuracy is crucial for all light emitters and absorbers. Therefore, a wide variety of measurement approaches have been developed for the measurement of radiation decay rate. Herein, we introduce a method to measure the decay rate with a common photoluminescence intensity setup without any modification. The square wave created by simply turning the output of the laser on and off is used as the excitation waveform, and a lock-in amplifier is used to gather the detected signal, making it a cost-effective way. Moreover, the constructed method can be used in a wide range of frequencies, detection voltages, and lifetimes. Finally, we applied the derived method to measure the photoluminescence lifetime of the first excited state of erbium ions in upconverting erbium-ytterbium silicate samples.
Application of Background Oriented Schlieren method for diagnostics of surface discharge
Authors: Korotkikh I , Malakhov Yu , Skornyakova N 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of visualization of an electrical discharge arising on the surface of glass or plastic are presented. This type of discharge is used for formation, research, control the parameters of ozonizers; as a source of ultraviolet radiation; in the study of the parameters around surfaces of gas or plasma flows. The possibility of using the background oriented shlieren method for determining the temperature field of a surface discharge is shown in paper.
Superconducting YBCO ceramics after exposure to a plasma flow to a mixture of argon and oxygen
Authors: Kh Gadzhimagomedov S , Palchaev D K , Kh Gadzhiev M , Murlieva Zh Kh , Kh Rabadanov M , Saypulaev P M , Demirov N A , Emirov R M , Rabadanova A E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The structure and properties of superconducting nanostructured ceramics YBa 2Cu 3O7-y (YBCO) before and after exposure to a plasma flow consisting of a mixture of argon and oxygen (at ∼ 600 °C for ∼ 1 min) are investigated. Plasma surface treatment, in addition to compaction of grains, leads to a change in the oxygen stoichiometry index and average crystallite size, as well as to a decrease in the proportion of the superconducting phase in the ceramic. After plasma treatment of ceramics, the character of the temperature dependence of the electrical resistance ρ = f (T) changes from metallic to semiconductor, and the temperature T
c, onset remains constant.
Distribution of the Heat Flux on the Axis in a Uniform Closed Tube with Highly Non-Linear Resonant Gas Oscillations
Authors: Kabirov A A , Shaidullin L R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of an experimental study of the acoustothermal effect, which is large for nonlinear gas oscillations in a closed pipe at a resonant frequency, are presented. The distribution of the heat flow along the tube is obtained. It was found that at the ends of the closed tube, the heat flow takes maximum and positive values, which indicates the heating of the gas. In the middle of the tube, the gas takes on minimum values, which indicates cooling in this area.
Forced resonance gas oscillations in different cross-sections of a closed tube with a sudden change of the section diameter
Authors: Shaidullin L R , Zaripov R G , Tkachenko L A , Kabirov A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Experimental results of forced gas oscillations in narrow and wide parts of a closed tube are presented. It was found that the gas pressure in the wide part of the tube close to the oscillator is higher than the pressure in the narrow part.
Study of forced gas oscillations in a cube with a diaphragm near resonance
Authors: Gubaidullin D A , Zaripov R G , Tkachenko L A , Shaidullin L R , Kabirov A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The results of studies of forced resonance gas oscillations in a cubic resonator are presented. It was found that the presence of a diaphragm in the resonator neck leads to an increase in the amplitude of gas pressure oscillations in the cube.
Features of shock-wave compression of cavitation bubble content during collapse in acetone and tetradecane
Authors: Yu Toporkov D 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Strong compression of the medium in cavitation bubbles during their collapse in acetone at temperatures of 273 and 293 K and tetradecane at a temperature of 663 K is considered. The features of the behavior of the maximum values of the thermodynamic parameters in the case of the formation of converging shock and isentropic compression waves inside the bubbles in wide ranges of the liquid pressures are studied. The influence of the shock and isentropic waves and their mutual interaction on the level of the maximum values of the thermodynamic parameters attained inside the bubbles is illustrated.
Powder production of from low-alloy steel by flame atomization
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov Az T , Israphilov I H , Galiakbarov A T , Gabdrakhmanova T F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The advantages of plasma atomization technology in comparison with other methods of powder production for additive technologies are shown in this paper. Investigations of powders obtained by plasma atomization from welding wire sv-08G2S (similar to ER70S-6) with a diameter of 0.8 mm have been carried out. The size of the powders, their shape, chemical composition, microstructure and microhardness have been investigated.
Modification of a Fur Semi-finished Sheepskins by Radio Frequency Plasma in an Inert Gas Medium
Authors: Pankova E A , Sharifullin F S , Rakhmatullina G R , Shagivalieva R R , Zheltukhin V S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is established that radio frequency plasma treatment of a finished fur semi-finished sheepskins in an inert gas medium does not lead to chemical changes, but it provides conformational changes in the structure of the fur material, thereby allowing to regulate its sorption characteristics (from the most hydrophobic to the most hydrophilic) by varying the parameters of plasma treatment.
Analysis of the effect of combustion chamber length on the gas oscillations characteristics
Authors: Malakhov A O , Larionov V M , Khalilov A R , Nazarychev S A , Konstantinov N V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the case of the influence of a change in the length of the vortex combustion chamber on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of gas oscillations is considered. Experimental data were obtained, on the basis of which the graphs of the dependence of the amplitude and frequency of the combustion chamber on the excess air ratio were received.
Gas discharge combustion with a liquid tetrachloride electrode
Authors: Kashapov R N , Kashapov L N , Kashapov N F , Sergeev P V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Titanium powders are widely used in selective laser melting and electron beam melting technologies to create medical implants. However, powders of a certain fractional composition are suitable for these purposes. A gradual increase in the volume of manufactured products requires the creation of new cheap methods for obtaining metal powders. Plasma-chemical synthesis in titanium tetrachloride solution can be one of the new methods for producing powders. A feature of this method is the use of a gas discharge with liquid electrodes, as a liquid electrode and is a titanium tetrachloride solution. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of obtaining a metal powder and its rapid cooling in a liquid. The question of the influence of the discharge parameters on the formation of metal particles remains open. In this work, a study of a gas discharge with liquid electrodes under the conditions of anode and cathode modes is carried out. A gas discharge between a liquid electrolyte and a metal electrode is experimentally investigated in the voltage range of 300-1000V. The conditions under which a stable discharge column is formed and a metal powder is formed are established. The regularities of the change in the I–V characteristic of the discharge are determined depending on the interelectrode distance.
The use of ultrasound to produce metallic powder in the plasma discharge electrolyte
Authors: Kashapov R N , Kashapov L N , Kashapov N F , Sergeev P V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new process of plasma-electrolyte sputtering under the action of ultrasonic vibration is proposed, which makes it possible to obtain a finely dispersed metal powder with an average particle diameter of about 100 μm. The process involves irradiation with a high-power continuous laser on a consumable metal substrate vibrating at an ultrasonic frequency. The burning of a gas discharge around the vibrating electrode causes the surface to melt and small droplets are ejected. Preliminary results of spraying stainless steel 12X18H9T with a discharge power of 800 W and an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 20 kHz are presented. Vibration displacement does not significantly affect average particle size and size distribution according to capillary wave spray theory. The microstructure of the larger atomized particles exhibits a fine dendritic structure on the surface and shrinkage porosity at the center of the particles, indicating multiple surface nucleation for solidification.
Internal variability and temperature scaling of future sub-daily rainfall return levels over Europe
Authors: Poschlod Benjamin , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The range of sub-daily extreme precipitation due to internal variability is quantified within the single model initial-condition large ensemble featuring 50 members of the Canadian regional climate model, version 5 (CRCM5) under the high-emission scenario representative concentration pathway 8.5. Ten-year return levels of sub-daily precipitation are calculated for three future periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069, 2070–2099) and hourly to 24-hourly aggregations over a European domain. The return levels are found to increase by 4%–8% for every future 30 year period averaged for the study area, where short-duration rainfall intensities increase to a greater extent than longer-duration rainfall intensities. The ranges between the median of the 50 members and the 5th and 95th quantile amount to −15.6%–19.3%, −16.0%–20.1%, and −16.5%–20.9% for the near, mid and far future, respectively. It is also shown that the scaling of the precipitation increase with temperature (Clausius–Clapeyron scaling) exhibits substantial variations between the 50 CRCM5 members at regional aggregations. These findings illustrate the large impact of internal variability on the uncertainty of extreme precipitation return level estimates. Here, regions of significant changes are identified, where future median extreme precipitation exceeds the 95th quantile of the reference period (1980–2009). These regions are located in northern Europe, central Europe and the eastern part of the Mediterranean.
A Tale of Two Countries: Divorce in England and Prussia, 1670–1794
Authors: Lettmaier Saskia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Why did two leading European countries (Prussia and England), which at first sight appeared to have much in common, enact radically different divorce legislation during the eighteenth century? This Article takes a close look at each country’s reforms, their legislative history, and their likely effects in an effort to tease out what motives lay behind them. And by connecting the legal changes to the countries’ sociopolitical and intellectual structures, it goes on to explain why the reforms were so different. The Article’s findings are relevant not only for the history of the law of divorce, but also for the broader issue of what forces play a role in the evolution of the law. Today, few would doubt the proposition that there are social and ideological “causes” of legal development. However, what these causes are and in what combination they have to be present for a legal change to occur are questions that are rarely examined in any detail.
Democratizing the Op-Ed: Anti-Caste Counterpublics & the Mainstream News
Authors: Rao Pallavi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
How have anti-caste commentators in mainstream English news in India participated in media discourses on caste? In this article, I draw attention to a digital space of contestation where anti-caste writings have gained prominence—the opinion column in online news platforms. I am particularly interested in how anti-caste writings, bearing the imprint of authorial agency, have emerged in the digital sphere through structural linkages between caste, linguistic formations, and formal politics. The article considers how and in what ways historically marginalized Dalit-Bahujan commentators and their news public’s concerns are rendered visible within the space of mainstream digital news.
Maternal Bisphenol A (BPA) Exposure Alters Cerebral Cortical Morphogenesis and Synaptic Function in Mice
Authors: Lee Chang Youn , Hyun Sung-Ae , Ko Moon Yi , Kim Hye Ryeong , Rho Jaerang , Kim Kee K , Kim Woo-Yang , Ka Minhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), synthetic compound used in polycarbonate plastic, is associated with altered cognitive and emotional behavior later in life. However, the brain mechanism underlying the behavioral deficits is unknown. Here, we show that maternal BPA exposure disrupted self-renewal and differentiation of neural progenitors during cortical development. The BPA exposure reduced the neuron number, whereas it increased glial cells in the cerebral cortex. Also, synaptic formation and transmission in the cerebral cortex were suppressed after maternal BPA exposure. These changes appeared to be associated with autophagy as a gene ontology analysis of RNA-seq identified an autophagy domain in the BPA condition. Mouse behavioral tests revealed that maternal BPA caused hyperactivity and social deficits in adult offspring. Together, these results suggest that maternal BPA exposure leads to abnormal cortical architecture and function likely by activating autophagy.
Mathematical Modeling to Inform Vaccination Strategies and Testing Approaches for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes
Authors: Kahn Rebecca , Holmdahl Inga , Reddy Sujan , Jernigan John , Mina Michael J , Slayton Rachel B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Nursing home residents and staff were included in the first phase of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in the United States. Because the primary trial endpoint was vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic disease, there are limited data on the extent to which vaccines protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the ability to infect others (infectiousness). Assumptions about VE against infection and infectiousness have implications for changes to infection prevention guidance for vaccinated populations, including testing strategies.

Methods
We use a stochastic agent-based Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious (Asymptomatic/Symptomatic)-Recovered model of a nursing home to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We model 3 scenarios, varying VE against infection, infectiousness, and symptoms, to understand the expected impact of vaccination in nursing homes, increasing staff vaccination coverage, and different screening testing strategies under each scenario.

Results
Increasing vaccination coverage in staff decreases total symptomatic cases in the nursing home (among staff and residents combined) in each VE scenario. In scenarios with 50% and 90% VE against infection and infectiousness, increasing staff coverage reduces symptomatic cases among residents. If vaccination only protects against symptoms, and asymptomatic cases remain infectious, increased staff coverage increases symptomatic cases among residents. However, this is outweighed by the reduction in symptomatic cases among staff. Higher frequency testing—more than once weekly—is needed to reduce total symptomatic cases if the vaccine has lower efficacy against infection and infectiousness, or only protects against symptoms.

Conclusions
Encouraging staff vaccination is not only important for protecting staff, but might also reduce symptomatic cases in residents if a vaccine confers at least some protection against infection or infectiousness.