bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of omni‐planar and surface casting of epileptiform activity for intracranial seizure localization
Authors: Kleen Jonathan K. , Speidel Benjamin A. , Baud Maxime O. , Rao Vikram R. , Ammanuel Simon G. , Hamilton Liberty S. , Chang Edward F. , Knowlton Robert C. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryObjectiveIntracranial electroencephalography (ICEEG) recordings are performed for seizure localization in medically refractory epilepsy. Signal quantifications such as frequency power can be projected as heatmaps on personalized three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructed cortical surfaces to distill these complex recordings into intuitive cinematic visualizations. However, simultaneously reconciling deep recording locations and reliably tracking evolving ictal patterns remain significant challenges.MethodsWe fused oblique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices along depth probe trajectories with cortical surface reconstructions and projected dynamic heatmaps using a simple mathematical metric of epileptiform activity (line‐length). This omni‐planar and surface casting of epileptiform activity approach (OPSCEA) thus illustrated seizure onset and spread among both deep and superficial locations simultaneously with minimal need for signal processing supervision. We utilized the approach on 41 patients at our center implanted with grid, strip, and/or depth electrodes for localizing medically refractory seizures. Peri‐ictal data were converted into OPSCEA videos with multiple 3D brain views illustrating all electrode locations. Five people of varying expertise in epilepsy (medical student through epilepsy attending level) attempted to localize the seizure‐onset zones.ResultsWe retrospectively compared this approach with the original ICEEG study reports for validation. Accuracy ranged from 73.2% to 97.6% for complete or overlapping onset lobe(s), respectively, and ~56.1% to 95.1% for the specific focus (or foci). Higher answer certainty for a given case predicted better accuracy, and scorers had similar accuracy across different training levels.SignificanceIn an era of increasing stereo‐EEG use, cinematic visualizations fusing omni‐planar and surface functional projections appear to provide a useful adjunct for interpreting complex intracranial recordings and subsequent surgery planning.
Thelivanbu (Illumined Love)
Authors: Thangaraj M. Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDiscontented with Christian understandings of salvation which tend to interpret Christ’s love employing various theories of the atonement, this essay seeks to move beyond existing models of identifying Christ’s death. Using insights from Saiva Siddhantha, a distinctively Tamil‐language philosophical tradition of the Hindu faith which names God as Siva, the author offers a constructive proposal for a Saivite‐Christian understanding of human salvation as thelivanbu (Illumined Love). The author argues that a combination of thelivu (illumination) and anbu (love), as portrayed in the Saivite and Christian scriptural traditions, presents a richer understanding of salvation. It is rooted in God’s seeking love and God’s waiting love and helps Christians move beyond atonement‐based understandings of Christ’s love which interpret Christ’s death as an act of satisfaction or an act of substitution which requires a shedding of blood.
Gentle Nazarene or Failure?
Authors: Harris Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper argues through three case studies that representations of Jesus by practitioners of other religious traditions, in this case Buddhists, are conditioned by historical and social factors. The first two cases, David Hewavitarne/Anagārika Dharmapāla (1864–1933) and Allan Bennett/Ananda Metteyya (1872–1923), demonstrate that negative experience of Christian theology and practice broadly resulted in the judgment that Jesus was a failure. The more conciliatory and exploratory approach of my third case study, convert to Buddhism Maurice O’Connell Walshe (1911–1998), illustrates the factors that have led to (1) socially engaged cooperation between Buddhists and Christians and (2) the respectful dialogue on Jesus and the Buddha in the 21st century.
Framing a Theological Response to COVID‐19 in the Presence of the Religious Other
Authors: Pearson Clive 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Christian faith has a long history of responding to pandemics. Its past practice bore witness to the desire to care for others: it furnished an exemplary model with some notable exceptions. The dilemma that COVID‐19 presents is that the understanding of viral spread now lies within the preserve of a professionalized health system. The evident risk as a consequence is one of theological quietism and being “unavailing.” Now is not the time for simple hyper compliance at the expense of an enquiring confessional claim. The ecumenical witness in solidarity with other faiths/religions lends itself to a desire to consider how the present pandemic crisis might serve as an invitation for a theological enquiry into wider planetary issues.
A new model to investigate the impact of innovative IT services on smart urban growth: The mediating role of urban planners’ knowledge
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Zhao Mao , Xu Haiqing , Mehrgan Mansoureh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCities have turned into intelligent urban zones via new data services like the semantic Web, cloud computing, mobile gadgets, and the Internet of Things (IoT). We can organize smart city policies by numerous technological and policy interferences to improve the efficacy, efficiency, and flexibility of urban infrastructures. Scholars have greatly focused on the development of smart cities. In this study, the influence of Information Technology (IT) services on smart urban growth to make a model for urban decision makers was examined. Data were collected from 201 managers and urban planners. The questionnaires using SPSS 25 and SMART‐PLS 3.2 were statistically analyzed. The outcomes show that cloud services had positive effects on urban planners’ knowledge. In addition, the influence of Near Field Communication (NFC) services on urban planners’ knowledge is positive and significant. The findings have also shown that IoT services are important factors in urban planners’ knowledge. Another point was that urban planners’ knowledge has significantly affected reliability, sustainability, social improvement, energy efficiency, and environmental improvement. At the managerial level, the findings provided recommendations to urban managers and planners.
Kenya and the Second World War: A review of the historiographical landscape
Authors: Owino Meshack 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article examines the landscape of scholarship on Kenya and the Second World War. Inspired by various scholars over the years lamenting about the dearth of publications on Africa and the Second World War, the article outlines the context of these observations as far as Kenya and the war are concerned; examines the nature of the literature on Kenya and the war; and evaluates how the publications measure up to the standard in the field while at the same time bringing us up to date on the existing literature on the field. What is the nature of the historiography on Kenya and the Second World War? What kind of publications exist on Kenya and the Second World War? How many books, monographs, articles, and chapters and even newspapers have been published on Kenya and the Second World War since the war began? What kinds of approaches do they bear in their analysis of Kenya and the war? What kinds of issues do they focus on and how do they focus on them? Are they comprehensive in their approaches and analyses? What are some of the problems and challenges of working on the history of Kenya and the Second World War? Those, in a nutshell, are some of the issues this article seeks to address
Transparency in clinical practice guidelines: the problem of consensus‐based recommendations and practice points
Authors: Venus Cameron , Jamrozik Euzebiusz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractClinical practice guidelines often provide ‘consensus‐based recommendations’ for issues where there is a lack of evidence to support an evidence‐based recommendation, and ‘practice points’ to assist clinicians in various aspects of everyday clinical care. However, Australian clinical practice guidelines often fail to define these terms clearly, and there is significant inconsistency in how they are used. This lack of clarity presents an impediment to the effective practice of evidence‐based medicine and an opportunity for reform in Australian clinical guideline development.
Integrated study of miR‐215 promoting breast cancer cell apoptosis by targeting RAD54B
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Liao Jingnan , Tan Chang , Zhou Hong , Wang Jinjin , Wang Kangkai , Li Yiming , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely distributed in cells and participate in the regulation of the pathophysiological process of many diseases. As an important part of non‐coding RNA, miRNAs regulate a variety of molecules and signal pathways in tumour cells. However, the evidence for regulatory mechanisms of specific miRNAs in tumour cells is still lacking.MethodsIn this study, we used transcriptomics analysis and integrated a variety of public databases to screen miRNAs that have key regulatory effects on breast cancer (BC). In addition, we used in vitro and in vivo studies and combined clinical samples to verify its regulatory mechanism.ResultsWe found that among the specific miRNAs, miR‐215‐5p is a key regulator in BC. Compared with normal adjacent tissues, miR‐215‐5p has a lower expression level in BC tissues. Patients with high expression levels of miR‐215‐5p have a longer survival time. miR‐215‐5p can specifically target the 3′UTR region of RAD54B mRNA and down‐regulate the expression of RAD54B, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of BC cells and promoting the apoptosis of BC cells.ConclusionsFinally, we found that miR‐215‐5p can be used as an important biomarker for BC. We have clarified its function and revealed its mechanism of targeting RAD54B mRNA for the first time. This may provide important clues to reveal the deeper molecular regulation mechanism of BC.
Can Mandating Corporate Social Responsibility Backfire?
Authors: Kim Hajin 
Published: February 2021

Corporations have enormous influence on society. Progressive policymakers and scholars increasingly advocate for corporations to be required to consider those influences on society—a corporate social responsibility (CSR) mandate. The now‐predominant view is that merely allowing directors to consider society (a permissive regime) is ineffective.This article suggests that a CSR mandate could backfire by reducing the reputational rewards to pro‐social corporate acts. If stakeholders (customers, employees, investors) believe that corporations are legally required to do good, they might reward corporate good behavior less (“they had to do it anyway”). In contrast, if firms are merely allowed to act pro‐socially, stakeholders might provide greater rewards (“they chose to do it”). These reputational rewards matter because the business judgment rule precludes formal enforcement of a CSR mandate. Reputational and moral considerations alone must motivate pro‐social corporate acts.Using two preregistered laboratory studies with more than 500 participants, the article finds empirical support for the backfiring hypothesis: rewards for pro‐social action were greater under a permissive regime than under a mandatory one. In a third incentive‐compatible and preregistered experiment with more than 400 participants, the article further finds that the moral force of the mandate does not compensate for these reduced reputational rewards. Once participants know the mandate is unenforceable, they do not act more pro‐socially under the mandate than under the permissive regime.These results suggest a previously unrecognized benefit to the permissive regime. But the studies also suggest an unrecognized benefit to the mandate: reputational penalties for misbehavior can be greater under the mandate than under the permissive regime. Further study is necessary to determine which regime better motivates pro‐social corporate behavior. In weighing the options, this article illustrates the importance of considering reputational benefits and costs and explores how proposed statutory regimes can influence both. Changes in societal expectations and norms will determine our path forward and legal reform is but one avenue for such change.
The prediction model of nozzle height in liquid jet‐drop method to produce Ca‐alginate beads under microencapsulation process
Authors: Truong Vinh , Nguyen Phuong T. , Truong Vy T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe models for prediction of nozzle height on Ca‐alginate bead formation developed previously for drop‐by‐drop process depending on the information of Oh number that is difficult to apply to liquid jet‐drop process due to the uncertainty of available models for droplet diameter prediction. In this study, the models for the prediction of nozzle height to obtain acceptable bead sphericity in the liquid jet‐drop process were developed without the need for droplet diameter information. The experiments were conducted for alginate concentrations of 1.5%–3%, liquid flow rates of 4–10 mL/min, and nozzle heights of 6–195 cm to study the size and sphericity of beads and microencapsulation yield (MEY) of lime oil. The generation of pulsation formed a smooth liquid jet‐drop process in which nozzle height, alginate concentration, and liquid flow rate had a significant effect on the bead size and sphericity but not on MEY. The optimum nozzle height at 94%–95% sphericity was found to correlate well with the Oh number. The optimum nozzle height for low viscosity liquid (<80 mPa·s) was less than 19 cm and for high‐viscosity liquid (>190 mPa·s) was 35–135 cm depending on the viscosity.Practical applicationsThe application of microencapsulation in the food industry has been recognized widely as a method to protect active compounds from heat, light, and oxidation during manufacture and preservation. It can also be used to control the release of compounds or change the structure of the products. Vibration technology has been applied widely in microencapsulation concerning the production of high spherical beads for a better and precise controlled release. However, there is no available information about the effect of nozzle height on the sphericity of beads in this technology, especially for high viscosity and high shear rate operations. This study provided a model for the prediction of nozzle height to satisfy acceptable sphericity of beads in this technology with low‐frequency case.
Acute and cumulative effects of scheduling on aircrew fatigue in ultra‐short‐haul operations
Authors: Åkerstedt Torbjorn , Klemets Tomas , Karlsson David , Häbel Henrike , Widman Linnea , Sallinen Mikael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAircrew fatigue constitutes a safety hazard in aviation, which authorities attempt to mitigate through flight time limitations. Some gaps in knowledge exist, however. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations of schedule characteristics with fatigue and amount of sleep in the acute 24‐h window, and as cumulative effects across the 7‐day work period. One hundred and six aircrew (14% cabin crew) participated. They rated fatigue on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) three times per flight day for four 7‐day work periods, with up to 7 days off between work periods. Mixed model regression was applied to the data. In the multivariable model, more sleep was associated with lower fatigue (p = .000)), corresponding to 0.26 KSS units less per hour of sleep. Very early, early and late duty types, as well as duty time, were associated with higher fatigue. For the 7‐day work period, accumulation of very early duties and longer duty time were associated with increased fatigue, and more accumulated sleep was associated with lower fatigue in the adjusted model (0.08 KSS units per hour of sleep) (p = .000). Accumulated duty time was not significant when analysed as a single variable, but became so after adjustment for sleep. The results suggest that sleep, duty time and early starts are important predictors of fatigue in the 24‐h window and that the number of very early starts and short sleep have cumulative effects on fatigue across a 7‐day work period.
Frequency and timing of all‐cause deaths in visits involving suspected transfusion reactions, and the significance of cardiopulmonary disturbances
Authors: McVey Mark J. , Cohen Robert , Arsenault Valerie , Escorcia Alioska , Tasmin Farzana , Pendergrast Jacob , Lieberman Lani , Lin Yulia , Callum Jeannie , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesTransfusion reactions (TRs) may cause or contribute to death. Cardiopulmonary TRs are distressing, and collectively account for most transfusion fatalities, though the degree to which they alter survival more broadly is unclear. Deaths (and their timing) after TRs may provide further insights.Materials/MethodsAdult (tri‐hospital network) haemovigilance data (2013–2016) recorded referrals with conclusions ranging from unrelated to transfusion (UTR) to entities such as: septic TRs, serologic/haemolytic reactions, transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), transfusion‐associated dyspnoea (TAD), transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), allergic transfusion reaction (ATR), and others. For (in‐ or out‐patient) visits involving suspected TRs (VISTRs), all‐cause mortalities (% [95% confidence interval]) and associated time‐to‐death (TTD) (median days, [interquartile range]) were compared. Diagnoses were defined inclusively (possible‐to‐definite) or strictly (probable‐to‐definite).ResultsOf 1144 events, rank order VISTR mortality following (possible‐to‐definite) TRs, and associated TTDs, were led by: DHTR 33% [6–19], 1 death at 123d; TRALI 32% [15–54], 6 deaths: 3d [2–20]; BaCon 21% [14–31], 17 deaths: 10d [3–28]; TACO 18% [12–26], 23 deaths: 16d [6–28]; TAD 17% [11–26]: 18 deaths, 6d [3–12]. Higher‐certainty TRs ranked similarly (DHTR 50% [9–91]; BaCon 29% [12–55], 4 deaths: 12d [3–22]; and TACO 25% [16–38], 15 deaths: 21d [6–28]). VISTR mortality after TACO or TRALI significantly exceeded ATR (3·3% [2·4–5·8], P < 0·00001) but was not different from UTR events (P = 0·3).ConclusionsOnly half of cardiopulmonary TRs constituted high certainty diagnoses. Nevertheless, cardiopulmonary TRs and suspected BaCon marked higher VISTR mortality with shorter TTDs. Short (<1 week) TTDs in TAD, BaCon or TRALI imply either contributing roles in death, treatment refractoriness and/or applicable TR susceptibilities in the dying.
Preoperative autologous blood donation and transfusion in dogs undergoing elective surgical oncology procedures with high risk of hemorrhage
Authors: Sharma Surabhi , Boston Sarah E. , Kotlowski Jerzy , Boylan Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) and transfusion in dogs undergoing elective surgical oncology procedures with a high risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.Study designProspective study.AnimalsTwelve dogs.MethodsDogs undergoing surgical oncology procedures associated with a high risk of hemorrhage were enrolled. Blood was collected a minimum of 6 days before surgery and separated into fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed red blood cells (pRBC). Dogs received FFP at the start of surgery and pRBC intraoperatively when hemorrhage ensued. The mean packed cell volume/total solids (PCV/TS) were calculated on the day of PABD preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 24 hours after transfusion. The dogs were monitored for transfusion‐related adverse reactions, including hyperthermia, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, or tachypnea/dyspnea.ResultsDogs enrolled in the study underwent mandibulectomy, maxillectomy, chest wall resection, and liver lobectomy. Ten of the 12 dogs that underwent PABD received autologous transfusion at first signs of hemorrhage intraoperatively. Iatrogenic anemia was noted in two dogs (PCV 30% and 31%). The mean PCV/TS levels on the day of blood collection, preoperatively, immediately postoperatively (after transfusion), and 24 hours posttransfusion were 45.1%/7.1 g/dL, 42.2%/6.73 g/dL, 33.2%/5.42 g/dL, and 36.5%/5.65 g/dL, respectively. No dog developed transfusion‐related complications.ConclusionPreoperative autologous blood donation was well tolerated and led to uneventful autologous transfusion in 10 of 12 dogs.Clinical significancePreoperative autologous blood donation and autologous transfusion are feasible for dogs undergoing elective surgical procedures with a high risk of hemorrhage.
Effect of Foundation Pit With Different Support and Excavation Methods on Adjacent Buried Hydrogen Pipe
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xie Rui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Support and excavation methods have a great effect on the supporting role of the foundation pit. To investigate the effect of foundation pit with different support and excavation methods on adjacent buried hydrogen pipe, a pipe–soil coupling model was established. Deformation, strain, and stress of the pipe near the foundation pit with different support and excavation methods were analyzed. The results show that stress concentration appears on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle part of the pipe after the foundation pit excavation. The high stress areas on the upper and lower surfaces are distributed symmetrically about the pipe center. Upper surface of the pipe's middle section is pressed and the lower surface is pulled, but the strain distribution of the pipe at the pit edge is opposite. Vertical displacement of the pipe is bigger than its horizontal displacement. The underground continuous wall as the most common support structure can effectively reduce the pipe deformation. Supporting methods have different effects on buried pipe's mechanical behavior. Lateral reinforcement, inner support, and bolt support can effectively reduce the pipe deformation, but the mitigating effect of lateral reinforcement is less than inner support and bolt support. The pipe is also affected by time and space of the foundation pit excavation. The slope excavation can greatly reduce the pipe deformation, but the effects of island excavation and basin excavation are not obvious. Those results can provide references for pipe safety assessment and protection.
First record of Wroughton’s Small Spiny Mouse Mus phillipsi Wroughton, 1912 (Rodentia: Muridae) from Odisha, India with notes on diversity and distribution of other rodents
Authors: Mohapatra Pratyush P. , Talmale S.S. , Sarkar V. , Dutta S.K. 
Published: February 2021

We report the occurrence of Wroughton’s Small Spiny Mouse Mus phillipsi Wroughton, 1912 based on a specimen collected from Gajapati District, Odisha. With this species, the diversity of order Rodentia in Odisha increases to 17 species under three families and 12 genera. An updated checklist of the rodents with distribution localities and threats to various species in Odisha is also presented.
Genetic divergence of the Sunda ratsnake (Coelognathus subradiatus) across the Lesser Sunda Islands (Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: Reilly Sean B. , Stubbs Alexander L. , Karin Benjamin R. , Arifin Umilaela , Arida Evy , Iskandar Djoko T. , McGuire Jimmy A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Lesser Sunda Archipelago consists of hundreds of oceanic islands located in southern Wallacea. The Sunda ratsnake, Coelognathus subradiatus, is endemic to the Lesser Sundas and is found on most of the major islands. Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from snakes representing five of the major islands revealing that levels of sequence divergence between islands range from 2-7%. Phylogenetic analyses recover what can be interpreted as a three-lineage polytomy consisting of lineages from 1) Alor, 2) Sumbawa + Flores, and 3) Timor + Wetar. The archipelago was colonized from the Sunda Shelf ∼7 Myr with subsequent population divergence occurring ∼4.5 Myr, likely resulting in insular species formation.