bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of three different levels and patterns of positive end-expiratory pressure on arterial oxygenation of obese patients under general anesthesia in beach-chair position
Authors: Waly Salwa H. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Obese patients are increasing among surgical population.

Aim
To detect the most beneficial level and pattern of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to mechanically ventilate obese patients under general anesthesia in beach-chair position.

Patients and methods
A prospective randomized study was conducted that included 45 ASA II patients (21–65 years) of both sexes who were randomized into three groups: group I (n=15), ascending PEEP (5, 7, 10 cmH2O); group II (n=15), steady PEEP5; and group III (n=15), descending PEEP (10, 7, 5 cmH2O).

Results
Arterial oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) was significantly higher in group III at PEEP10 (470±10) than groups I (418±19) and II (422±12) at that time. At PEEP10, PaO2/FiO2 was significantly higher in group III (470±10) than group I (448±11). After 40 min, it was significantly higher in group III (456±66) than groups I (432±12) and II (428±14). After 60 min, it was significantly lower at group II (426±12) than groups I (448±11) and III (444±24). Postoperatively, it was significantly higher in group III (460±24) than group I (436±11) and II (415±61). Peak airway pressure was significantly higher with PEEP10 in group I (34.6±2.2) than groups II (26.5±3.8) and III (27.7±3.2). It was also significantly higher with PEEP10 in group III (34.1±2.1) than groups I (26.7±3.7) and II (27.3±3.8). Plateau pressure was significantly higher with PEEP10 in group I (23.8±2.1) than groups II (15.1±3) and III (15.2±2.6). It was also significantly higher with PEEP10 in group III (23.3±1.7) than groups I (15.3±2.9) and II (15.9±2.6). Driving pressure was significantly higher in group III (13.3±1.7) than groups I (10.3±2.9) and II (10.9±2.6) with PEEP10. It was also significantly higher in group I with PEEP10 (13.8±2.1) than groups II (10.1±3) and III (10.2±2.6).

Conclusion
Descending pattern of PEEP (10, 7, and 5) improves oxygenation more effectively than ascending pattern of PEEP (5, 7, and 10) or steady pattern (PEEP5) for mechanical ventilation of obese patients under general anesthesia in beach-chair position.
Cardiorespiratory changes and outcome during noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in ARDS
Authors: Awadallah Mohamed F. , Taha Abdelgawad T. , Sarhan Tarik S. 
Published: April 2021

Background
A lung-protective strategy of ventilation is now suggested as a standard of care for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The cost of such protective strategy may be prolongation of mechanical ventilation (MV) and poorer prognosis owing to weaning difficulties from the ventilator.

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as a possible alternative to IMV in patients with ARDS with respect to hemodynamics, gas exchange parameters, incidence of complications, duration of MV, length of hospital stay, ICU survival, and weaning from MV.

Patients and methods
This randomized controlled study included 52 patients with ARDS of different etiologies; they received either NIV or conventional MV. Data regarding hemodynamics and respiratory changes, including Respiratory Rate (RR), lung compliance, airway resistance, Arterial Blood Gases (ABG), pH, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2, and LIS, were collected and compared. The reported complications, duration of ventilation, ICU stay, and patients’ outcomes were also compared.

Results
There was a similar improvement in oxygenation and hemodynamic stability between the NIV group and the IMV group. However, the serious complications were fewer and mortality was lower in the NIV group. There was a statistically significant rise in duration of ventilation in MV (8.33 days) in comparison with NIV (2.52 days). Regarding ICU stay, it ranged from 3 to 18 days, with a mean of 9.02±3.776 days, and there was statistically significant increase in MV group (10.59±1.6 days) in comparison with NIV group (7.32±4.64 days). Weaning was succeeded in 65.4% of NIV group, whereas it was 61.5% in MV group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups. Mortality was reported in four (15.4%) cases in NIV group, whereas it was reported in 11 (42.3%) cases of invasive MV.

Conclusion
Considering the advantages and disadvantages of NIV, we believe NIV could be a good alternative option in patients with ARDS. Physicians should try NIV early if there is a respiratory failure risk to reduce mortality, to reduce complication risk, to avoid endotracheal intubation, and to reduce treatment failure.
Caudal versus intravenous ketamine for supplementation of analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias repair
Authors: Rayan Ayman Aly 
Published: April 2021

Background
Different additives have been reported to prolong the duration of caudal anesthesia in pediatrics. Although these drugs successfully increased the duration of the block, ketamine has been found to effectively increase the duration of caudal block in pediatrics.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of ketamine after caudal or intravenous administration in pediatric patients who underwent hypospadias repair to distinguish between local and systemic analgesia.

Patients and methods
After induction of general anesthesia, 48 patients, aged 1–6 years, assigned to undergo hypospadias repair, received a caudal injection of bupivacaine and were randomly blinded into two groups: K1 group received 1 mg/kg S-ketamine as the caudal group, and K2 group received 1 mg/kg S-ketamine as the intravenous group. Postsurgical measurements included the effectiveness of postsurgical analgesia, which was assessed by using observational pain scale, duration of analgesia, sedation score, and hemodynamic and complications.

Results
The caudal block was successful in all the patients included in the study. None of the patients in either groups required intraoperative rescue analgesia. All patients remained vitally stable during the procedure, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were comparable in the two groups. The time to the administration of first analgesia was statistically longer in K1 group (11.5±4.6 h) than in the K2 group (8.7±3.1 h). Time to spontaneous leg movement and time to first micturition were statistically nonsignificant between both groups. The number of patients requested for additional analgesic drugs (acetaminophen and ibuprofen) was statistically significant, being higher in the K2 group than the K1 group.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that ketamine if added to caudal epidural in a dose of 1 mg/kg provided prolonged postoperative analgesia with improved quality, had longer duration of analgesia, decreased the supplemental acetaminophen analgesia during the first 24 h postoperatively, had stable hemodynamic changes, and had comparable adverse effects and complications in comparison with systemic ketamine in a dose of 1 mg/kg.
Effect of palatable lidocaine gel versus dexmedetomidine on gag reflex during propofol-based sedation for patients undergoing elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Abd Ellatif Shereen E. , Medhat Marwa M. 
Published: April 2021

Background and objective
Upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy (UGIE) is widely performed under propofol sedation, which is considered as a safe sedation agent and alleviates the sympathetic response to the procedure. However, retching and gag reflex still disturb ∼29% of those patients despite being under propofol sedation.

Patients and methods
A total of 120 adult patients scheduled for elective UGIE were randomly allocated into three equal groups (40 patients each): group C was given propofol 50 mg, group D was given propofol 50 mg+dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg, and group L was given propofol 50 mg+15 g palatable lidocaine gel. The outcome measures included incidence of gag reflex, propofol consumption, recovery time, intraoperative hemodynamics, and patients’ and endoscopist’s satisfaction.

Results
The incidence of gag reflex was statistically significantly reduced in groups L and D compared with group C; however, the reduction was more in group L but with no significant difference when compared with group D group. Propofol consumption was statistically significantly lower in groups L and D compared with group C, as well as recovery time was significantly shorter in groups L and D compared with group C. Group L showed the least hemodynamic changes among the three groups, and the endoscopist as well as the patients were statistically significant more satisfied in both groups L and D when compared with group C.

Conclusion
Using palatable lidocaine gel in addition to propofol in patients undergoing UGIE was safe and effectively reduced the incidence of gag reflex and the dose of intravenous propofol with its subsequent complications, shortening recovery time and improving patient and endoscopist satisfaction.

Trial registration
This clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04213833).
Maternal hypotension and fetal outcome
Authors: Durodola Adekunle O. , Adekola Oyebola O. , Agbamu Pamela A. , Akinwilliams Olusolape O. , Olatosi John O. 
Published: April 2021

Background
Profound hypotension during cesarean section can compromise fetal circulation and cause cardiac arrest in the parturients. We compared the incidence of hypotension, adequacy of anesthesia, and neonatal outcome using a height-adjusted and weight-adjusted dose and a fixed dose of 0.5% intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine.

Patients and methods
This was a randomized controlled double-blind trial involving 80 parturients aged 18–40 years scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. They were randomly allocated by blind balloting into one of two groups: group FD received 12 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine, whereas group AD received a height-adjusted and weight-adjusted dose of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine according to Harten’s chart. Parturients were preloaded with 10 ml/kg of 0.9% sodium chloride.

Results
The median dose of bupivacaine was significantly higher in group FD (12 mg) than group AD (9.5 mg) (P=0.001). The incidence of hypotension was significantly higher in group FD (60%) than in group AD (32.5%) (P=0.014). The median time to attain the maximal level of sensory block (T5) was significantly faster in group FD (10 min) than group AD (13 min) (P=0.021). The Apgar score and incidences of other complications were comparable between both groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion
It is concluded that a lower dose of bupivacaine was required to provide comparable sensory and motor block, with less incidence of hypotension when the bupivacaine dose was adjusted to the height and weight of parturients than when a fixed dose was used.
Can preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predict in-hospital mortality in postoperative patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection? Evidence-based appraisal by meta-analysis and GRADE
Authors: Chung Bing-Ru , Huang Yen-Ta , Lai Pei-Chun 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
In-hospital mortality in postoperative patients with type A aortic dissection (AAD) is high. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel predictor of adverse outcomes in many cardiovascular diseases. We examine NLR as a predictive tool in AAD in this meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
We systematically searched in four databanks. Risk of bias was appraised using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. The midas and metandi commands in Stata 15 were used for the meta-analysis. The certainty of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology (GRADE).

Results:
Four studies with 502 cases in total were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.79) and 0.64 (95% CI = 0.55–0.71), respectively. Area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve yielded 0.73 (95% CI = 0.68–0.76). The diagnostic odds ratio was 4.42 (95% CI = 2.56–7.62). Pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios yielded 1.98 (95% CI = 1.53–2.55) and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.32–0.62), respectively. When the pretest probabilities were 25%, 50%, and 75%, the positive posttest probabilities were 40%, 66%, and 86%, and the negative posttest probabilities were 13%, 31%, and 57%, respectively, according to the Fagan's nomogram plot. The overall certainty of evidence in GRADE was low and very low in sensitivity and specificity, respectively.

Conclusion:
The pooled diagnostic values of preoperative NLR, an inexpensive and routine laboratory examination, provide a practicable help for predicting in-hospital mortality for patients with postoperative AAD in our meta-analysis.
Correlation between intraoperative mapping and monitoring and functional outcomes following supratentorial glioma surgery
Authors: Wu Han-Lin , Hsu Po-Cheng , Hsu Sanford P. C. , Lin Chun-Fu , Liao Kwong-Kum , Yang Kai-Ming , Chou Chen-Liang , Yang Tsui-Fen 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has long been regarded as the “gold standard” when resecting a supratentorial glioma, as it facilitates the goals of maximal tumor resection and preservation of sensorimotor function. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the ability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring or subcortical mapping (SCM), alone or in combination, to predict postoperative functional outcomes in glioma surgery.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with supratentorial glioma that underwent craniotomy for tumor removal with IONM. Statistical analyses were used to evaluate whether the following criteria correlated with postoperative functional outcomes: Reduced amplitude (>50% reduction) or disappearance of MEPs (criterion 1), SCM with a stimulation intensity threshold less than 3 mA (criterion 2), the presence of both two phenomena (criterion 3), or either one of the two phenomena (criterion 4).

Results:
Ninety-two patients were included in this study, of whom 15 sustained new postoperative deficits, 4 experienced improved functional status, and 73 were unchanged. Postoperative functional status correlated significantly with all four criteria, and especially with criterion 3 (r = 0.647, P = 0.000). Sensitivity of IONM was better if using criteria 2 and 4, but specificity was better if using criteria 1 and 3. Criterion 3 had the most favorable overall results.

Conclusion:
Using statistical methodology, our study indicates that concomitant interpretation of MEPs and SCM is the most accurate predictor of functional outcomes following supratentorial glioma surgery. However, accurate interpretations of the monitoring results by experienced neurophysiologists are essential.
Moda’nın Son On Yıl İçerisindeki Değişimi ve Pandemi Modası
Authors: KETMEN Irem , ÇORUH Ebru 
Published: April 2021

Moda olgusunun var olduğu durum, düşünce ve topluma ayna görevi ile yaşam faaliyetlerinde etkili olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Dolayısıyla niteliğini değişiminden sağlayarak insan varlığını trend olgusuyla yaşam döngümüzün içerisinde bulunan belirleyici bir etkendir. 2010'lu yıllar, moda dünyasında önemli değişikliklere tanık olmuştur. Tüketiciler hazır giyim üretimi ile hızlı modanın iklim değişikliğine olumsuz etkisi üzerindeki farkındalığın artmasıyla sürdürülebilir moda akımı desteklenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda çeşitliliğin ve imkanların artmasıyla, moda ve tekstil alanında farkındalık oranının azalması ile, el emeği ürünlerin yerinin gittikçe azaldığı dönemde doğallık akımı ön plana çıkmıştır. Ancak doğal ürünlerin getirdiği sadelik vurgusu moda alanında tüketime yönelik yeterli etkiyi oluşturamamıştır. 2020 yılında küresel salgın ve önlemler moda dünyasında oluşturulan tüketime yönelik olguyu değiştirmiş, bu alanda düzenli tüketim modellerini ön plana çıkartmıştır. Pandemi moda ve tekstil alanında yeni bir vizyon oluşturma noktasında yeni çeşitliliklerin ortaya çıktığı bir dönem olmuştur. Bu çalışma da modanın son on yıl içerisinde geçirdiği değişimle birlikte gelinen son durumda kriz oluşturan küresel salgının trendleri ile birlikte hayatımızda olan etkileri ve pandemi sonrası moda dünyasında oluşabilecek değişiklik ve yenilikleri farklı kaynaklardan araştırılarak yeni döneme yönelik durum değerlendirilmesi ve bilimsel alanda ilerlemesi mümkün moda olgusu üzerindeki pandemi etkeni anlatılması hedeflenmiştir.
On a mean method of summability
Authors: ÇANAK İbrahim 
Published: April 2021

Let $p(x)$ be a nondecreasing real-valued continuous function
on $R_+:=[0,\infty)$ such that $p(0)=0$ and $p(x) \to \infty$ as $x \to \infty$.
Given a real or complex-valued integrable function $f$ in Lebesgue's sense on every bounded interval $(0,x)$
for $x>0$, in symbol $f \in L^1_{loc} (R_+)$, we set
$$
s(x)=\int _{0}^{x}f(u)du
$$
and
$$
\sigma _{p}(s(x))=\frac{1}{p(x)}\int_{0}^{x}s(u)dp(u),\,\,\,\,x>0
$$
provided that $p(x)>0$.

A function $s(x)$
is said to be summable to $l$ by the weighted mean method determined
by the function $p(x)$, in short, $(\overline{N},p)$ summable to $l$,
if
$$
\lim_{x \to \infty}\sigma _{p}(s(x))=l.
$$

If the limit $\lim _{x \to \infty} s(x)=l$
exists, then $\lim _{x \to \infty} \sigma _{p}(s(x))=l$ also exists. However, the converse is not true in general.
In this paper, we give an alternative proof a Tauberian theorem stating that convergence follows from summability by weighted mean method on $R_+:=[0,\infty)$ and a Tauberian condition of slowly decreasing type with respect to the weight function due to Karamata. These Tauberian conditions are one-sided or two-sided if $f(x)$ is a real or complex-valued function, respectively. Alternative proofs of some well-known Tauberian theorems given for several important summability methods can be obtained by choosing some particular weight functions.
Enhancing Students’ Literacy Competence Through Writing Bilingual Folklore Book by IT: Process Approach
Authors: Lubis Fauziah Khairani , Bahri Syamsul 
Published: April 2021

Writing bilingual storybooks based on local wisdom is a product of the Prose Appreciation course. The results of the evaluation so far indicate that students' low literacy skills in developing literary works such as short stories, novels, and bilingual folklore books with IT-based ISBN in 8 ethnic groups in North Sumatra. There is also a phenomenon of the influence of globalization from the use of the internet which removes boundaries between countries resulting in the spread of globalization itself which has led to increasing interest among teenagers or students towards modern literary works originating from outside Indonesia such as America, Europe, and from Asian countries. For this reason, this study will be developed to improve st udent literacy competencies through 6 types of Tasks KKNI in making IT-based ISBN-based folklore books for 8 ethnic groups in North Sumatra. Indirectly, this research explores the elements of the existing culture and is also a measure to preserve local culture. This study uses the Classroom Action Research Method (PTK). This activity is carried out through several stages of the process are a. Training in writing folklore literary works based on local wisdom in Taman Budaya. b. Review process by internal reviewers (students (peer review), and lecturers). c.Validation by internal and external expert teams. d. Publishes ISBN books of bilingual folk tales. e. Create a blog about bilingual folklore books.
Netflix Disrupting Dubbing
Authors: Hayes Lydia 
Published: April 2021

In 2017, English dubbing entered the mainstream on the initiative of the subscription video-on-demand service (SVoD) Netflix. Recent English dubs have taken advantage of the largely convention-free English dubbing industry and, in 2019, dubs outsourced by Netflix to VSI London saw the introduction of linguistic variation into the dubs of Spanish originals, such as Alta Mar (High Seas) (Campos and Neira 2019–) and, most notably, Hache (Torregrossa and Trullols 2019–). In these series, a myriad of British accents is used for characterisation as an alternative to standardisation strategies that conflate cultural identities into one, which are prevalent in many consolidated dubbing industries. In addition to the lack of industry precedents and an argued associated malleability of viewers, the diegetic quality of dubbed dialogue seems to have allowed the implausibility of linguistic variation to be accepted by viewers in an extended “suspension of linguistic disbelief” (Romero-Fresco 2009: 49). In this paper, I explore accents as “unit[s] of cultural transmission” aka “memes” (Dawkins 1976: 206), and the specific sets of connotations associated with accents i.e. dialectal memes that are evoked in the original and dubbed versions of the aforementioned series. Emerging norms in UK dubs of Spanish originals are then elucidated.
Lay summary
For over sixty years now, subtitling has been the default form of translation when bringing foreign films into English-speaking countries. However, Netflix has recently disrupted this practice by providing the alternative option of watching many of its non-English films and series dubbed into English, i.e. the voices of the original actors are replaced with those of voice actors who perform in English instead of, say, Spanish. In many countries where dubbing has long been the default translation practice, such as Spain, the accents used in original versions to create different character identities are dubbed into one standardised Spanish accent, which makes it difficult to distinguish between characters’ social class, among other qualities attached to accent. In the English dubs on Netflix, however, accents are being used for characterisation. In this article, I analyse the use of British accents in Netflix’ dubs of the Spanish-original series Hache and Alta Mar (High Seas), and compare character identities in the original and dubbed versions, according to the cultural connotations triggered by the different accents used in each. I apply theories from the Translation Studies discipline to help understand and support the use of accents in English dubs, as a valid alternative to standardisation strategies in dubbing. Given a significant amount of Netflix’ foreign products are in Spanish, the analysis in this article can be used in future to track changes in English dubs generally and especially English dubs of Spanish-language originals on Netflix, which might use different strategies to English dubs of Danish products, or Spanish products on other streaming platforms, for example.