bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of population and thermal acclimation on the growth, condition and cold responsive mRNA expression of age‐0 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
Authors: Bugg William S. , Yoon Gwangseok R. , Brandt Catherine , Earhart Madison L. , Anderson W. Gary , Jeffries Ken M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Manitoba, Canada, wild lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations exist along a latitudinal gradient and are reared in hatcheries to bolster threatened populations. We reared two populations of lake sturgeon, one from each of the northern and southern ends of Manitoba and examined the effects of typical hatchery temperatures (16°C) as well as 60‐day acclimation to elevated rearing temperatures (20°C) on mortality, growth and condition throughout early development. Additionally, we examined the cold shock response, which may be induced during stocking, through the hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in the response to cold stress and homeoviscous adaptation (HSP70, HSP90a, HSP90b, CIRP and SCD). Sturgeon were sampled after 1 day and 1 week following stocking into temperatures of 8, 6 and 4°C in a controlled laboratory environment. The southern population showed lower condition and higher mortality during early life than the northern population while increased rearing temperature impacted the growth and condition of developing northern sturgeon. During the cold shock, HSP70 and HSP90a mRNA expression increased in all sturgeon treatments as stocking temperature decreased, with higher expression observed in the southern population. Expression of HSP90b, CIRP and SCD increased as stocking temperature decreased in northern sturgeon with early acclimation to 20°C. Correlation analyses indicated the strongest molecular relationships were in the expression of HSP90b, CIRP and SCD, across all treatments, with a correlation between HSP90b and body condition in northern sturgeon with early acclimation to 20°C. Together, these observations highlight the importance of population and rearing environment throughout early development and on later cellular responses induced by cold stocking temperatures.
Efficacy of heat‐killed and formalin‐killed vaccines against Tilapia tilapinevirus in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Mai Thao Thu , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Taengphu Suwimon , Senapin Saengchan , Costa Janina Z. , del‐Pozo Jorge , Thompson Kim D. , Rodkhum Channarong , Dong Ha Thanh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTilapia tilapinevirus (also known as tilapia lake virus, TiLV) is considered to be a new threat to the global tilapia industry. The objective of this study was to develop simple cell culture‐based heat‐killed (HKV) and formalin‐killed (FKV) vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by TiLV. The fish were immunized with 100 µl of either HKV or FKV by intraperitoneal injection with each vaccine containing 1.8 × 106 TCID50‐inactivated virus. A booster vaccination was carried out at 21‐day post‐vaccination (dpv) using the same protocol. The fish were then challenged with a lethal dose of TiLV at 28 dpv. The expression of five immune genes (IgM, IgD, IgT, CD4 and CD8) in the head kidney and spleen of experimental fish was assessed at 14 and 21 dpv and again after the booster vaccination at 28 dpv. TiLV‐specific IgM responses were measured by ELISA at the same time points. The results showed that both vaccines conferred significant protection, with relative percentage survival of 71.3% and 79.6% for HKV and FKV, respectively. Significant up‐regulation of IgM and IgT was observed in the head kidney of fish vaccinated with HKV at 21 dpv, while IgM, IgD and CD4 expression increased in the head kidney of fish receiving FKV at the same time point. After booster vaccination, IgT and CD8 transcripts were significantly increased in the spleen of fish vaccinated with the HKV, but not with FKV. Both vaccines induced a specific IgM response in both serum and mucus. In summary, this study showed that both HKV and FKV are promising injectable vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by TiLV in Nile tilapia.
Pharmacokinetics of oral versus intravenous ibuprofen for closure of patent ductus arteriosus: A pilot randomised controlled study
Authors: Edison Priyantha Ebenezer , Chen Sylvia , Yeo Cheo Lian , Allen John C , Poon Woei Bing , Baral Vijayendra R , Chowbay Balram 
Published: September 2021

AimThis pilot study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) ibuprofen for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates.MethodsIn a single‐centre, parallel, randomised open‐label trial, neonates ≤35 weeks, weight <1800 g with haemodynamically significant PDA during the first week of life were recruited between June 2017 and February 2019 and randomised to receive either PO or IV ibuprofen at standard dosage of 10, 5 and 5 mg/kg every 24 h for three consecutive days. Plasma concentrations of ibuprofen were quantified using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Treatment outcomes were recorded.ResultsEleven neonates participated in the trial, six and five patients receiving PO and IV ibuprofen, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis reveals similar ibuprofen exposure levels in treatment groups. Median dose‐ and weight‐normalised Cmax values of PO and IV groups were 2.12 and 2.53 g/mL respectively (P = 0.082) and median AUC0‐24 levels were comparable (PO: 34.6 g*h/mL vs. IV: 50.7.6 g*h/mL, P = 0.25).ConclusionThis exploratory study demonstrates comparable pharmacokinetics of PO and IV formulations of ibuprofen in preterm neonates. Larger prospective studies are required to validate these findings.
Population structure of a newly recorded (Halodule uninervis) and native seagrass (Halophila ovalis) species from an intertidal creek ecosystem
Authors: Mishra Amrit Kumar , Khadanga Mukunda Kesari , Patro Shesdev , Apte Deepak , Farooq Syed Hilal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presence of the seagrass Halodule uninervis was documented for the first time outside the Chilika lagoon at Haripur creek, along with previously documented Halophila ovalis from the same region. The population structure (density; biomass; leaf growth rate; and morphometrics) and environmental parameters was assessed for both seagrass species. The pH levels of the water column above both seagrass meadows were lower than the standard oceanic pH of 8.2, likely attributable to upstream freshwater influences. Halophila ovalis grew on sandy and H. uninervis on silty substrates. High nutrient (nitrate and phosphate) concentrations in the water column of the creek influenced the growth of macroalgae (Ceramium sp. and Gracilaria verrucosa) on the leaves of H. uninervis. Leaf reddening was only observed in H. ovalis leaves. Under similar environmental conditions, the shoot density and biomass (above‐ and below‐ground) of H. ovalis were 2‐fold lower that for H. uninervis. The leaves of H. uninervis were 9‐fold longer than H. ovalis, whereas H. ovalis had 5‐fold wider leaves than H. uninervis. The leaf plastochrone interval of H. ovalis (2.3 days) and H. uninervis (9.6 days) was similar for the Indian Ocean region. Consequently, the H. ovalis leaf growth rate was 2‐fold lower than that for H. uninervis. H. ovalis shoot internodes were 2.6‐fold longer than for H. uninervis, whereas the root lengths of H. uninervis were longer than for H. ovalis. The shorter root length of H. ovalis resulted in a higher branching frequency than for H. uninervis. The total C and N content were higher in the H. ovalis leaves than those of H. uninervis. This study suggest seagrass responses to similar environmental conditions are species‐specific. Regular assessment of the seagrass population structure and water quality monitoring of Haripur creek are essential for better management and conservation of these important seascapes.
The use of intravesical hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic premenopausal women with pseudomembranous trigonitis: Are symptoms related to cystoscopy and pathological findings?
Authors: Stavropoulos Marios , Thakare Niyukta , Venieris Panagiotis , Liakouras Christos , Deliveliotis Charalampos , Chrisofos Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness and safety of intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) in symptomatic women with trigonitis and to correlate the severity of symptoms with the endoscopic and histological findings.MethodsThirty‐seven patients (aged 20‐46 years) were enrolled. All patients had cystoscopy and biopsy of the bladder trigone followed by intravesical instillations of sodium HA once weekly for 10 weeks and then once monthly for the next 10 months. Clinical response was evaluated by Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) Symptom Scale, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and urgency and functional bladder capacity. A repeat cystoscopy and biopsy were performed at the end of the treatment. Symptoms and cystoscopy and pathological findings were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe average initial score for pain was reduced from 5.5 to 2.8 (P < 0.001) at 10 weeks and further to 2.4 (P < 0.001) at 12 months and the score for urgency from 6.9 to 3.8 (P < 0.001) and further to 3.3 (P < 0.001). The average PUF score initially decreased from 20.5 to 12.1 (P < 0.001) and then further to 10.1 (P = 0.21). The mean functional bladder capacity increased from 125 to 204 mL (P < 0.001). No association was found between baseline PUF score and cystoscopy findings (P = 0.87). The PUF score was not changed significantly between patients with improved cystoscopy and those with stable findings (P = 0.74). No significant changes were reported between initial and final biopsies.ConclusionsIntravesical HA appeared to be effective and well tolerated, although a clear relationship between symptoms and trigonitis was not confirmed.
Telomere dynamics in relation to experimentally increased locomotion costs and fitness in great tits
Authors: Atema Els , van Noordwijk Arie J. , Verhulst Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEvidence that telomere length (TL) and dynamics can be interpreted as proxy for ‘life stress’ experienced by individuals stems largely from correlational studies. We tested for effects of an experimental increase of workload on telomere dynamics by equipping male great tits (Parus major) with a 0.9 g backpack for a full year. In addition, we analysed associations between natural life‐history variation, TL and TL dynamics. Carrying 5% extra weight for a year did not significantly accelerate telomere attrition. This agrees with our earlier finding that this experiment did not affect survival or future reproduction. Apparently, great tit males were able to compensate behaviourally or physiologically for the increase in locomotion costs we imposed. We found no cross‐sectional association between reproductive success and TL, but individuals with higher reproductive success (number of recruits) lost fewer telomere base pairs in the subsequent year. We used the TRF method to measure TL, which method yields a TL distribution for each sample, and the association between reproductive success and telomere loss was more pronounced in the higher percentiles of the telomere distribution, in agreement with the higher impact of ageing on longer telomeres within individuals. Individuals with longer telomeres and less telomere shortening were more likely to survive to the next breeding season, but these patterns did not reach statistical significance. Whether successful individuals are characterized by losing fewer or more base pairs from their telomeres varies between species, and we discuss aspects of ecology and social organisation that may explain this variation.
Passive acoustic monitoring reveals feeding attempts at close range from soaking demersal longlines by two killer whale ecotypes
Authors: Richard Gaëtan , Bonnel Julien , Beesau Julie , Calvo Eva , Cassiano Fabio , Dramet Maéva , Glaziou Aziliz , Korycka Kinga , Guinet Christophe , Samaran Flore 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOdontocetes depredating fish caught on longlines is a serious socio‐economic and conservation issue. A good understanding of the underwater depredation behavior by odontocetes is therefore required. Historically, depredation on demersal longlines has always been assumed to occur during the hauling phase. In this study, we have focused on the depredation behavior of two ecotypes of killer whales, Orcinus orca, (Crozet and Type D) from demersal longlines around the Crozet Archipelago (Southern Indian Ocean) using passive acoustic monitoring. We assessed 74 hr of killer whale acoustic presence out of 1,233 hr of recordings. Data were obtained from 29 hydrophone deployments from five fishing vessels between February and March 2018. We monitored killer whale buzzing activity (i.e., echolocation signals) as a proxy for feeding attempts around soaking longlines. These recordings revealed that the two ecotypes were feeding at close range from soaking longlines, even when fishing vessels were not present. Our results suggest that both killer whale ecotypes are likely to depredate soaking longlines, which would imply an underestimation of their depredation rates. The implication of underestimating depredation rates is inaccurate accounting for fish mortality in fisheries' stock assessments.
E‐&mHealth interventions targeting nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and/or obesity among children: A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Hutchesson Melinda , Ahmed Mavra , Müller Andre Matthias , Ashton Lee M. , Brown Hannah M. , DeSmet Ann , Maher Carol A. , Mauch Chelsea E. , Vandelanotte Corneel , Yin Zenong , Whatnall Megan , Short Camille E. , Staiano Amanda E. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryChildhood obesity is a public health concern. Electronic and mobile health (e‐&mHealth) approaches can facilitate the delivery of interventions for obesity prevention and treatment. Synthesizing reviews of e‐&mHealth interventions to improve weight and weight‐related behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet) is useful to characterize the current scope of the literature and identify opportunities for future reviews and studies. Using a scoping review methodology, we aimed to evaluate the breadth and methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of e‐&mHealth interventions targeting weight and weight‐related behaviors in children and adolescents aged <19 years. A systematic search of seven databases was conducted, including reviews published between 2000 and 2019. Review characteristics were extracted, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Forty‐five systematic reviews and meta‐analyses were included. All reviews evaluated intervention efficacy (100%), but few assessed other aspects (20% in total) such as cost‐effectiveness. Smartphone applications (47%), text messages (44%), and websites (35%) were the main modalities. Weight (60%), physical activity (51%), and diet (44%) were frequently assessed, unlike sedentary behavior (8%). Most reviews were rated as having critically low or low methodological quality (97%). Reviews that identify the effective active ingredients of interventions and explore metrics beyond efficacy are recommended.
Perioperative respiratory adverse events in children undergoing triple endoscopy
Authors: Sanders Kyle , Osterbauer Beth , Forman Nell , Jin Yim Hyun , Hochstim Christian , Bhardwaj Vrinda , Bansal Manvi , Karnwal Abhishek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesChildren with aerodigestive disorders often have many of the reported risk factors for development of perioperative respiratory adverse events. This study sought to evaluate the incidence of such events in this group of patients undergoing general anesthesia for “triple endoscopy” (flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, rigid laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy) and to identify any patient‐specific or procedure‐specific risk factors associated with higher incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of children 18 years or younger who underwent triple endoscopy as part of an aerodigestive evaluation. Data collected from medical records included: preoperative polysomnography, symptoms of acute respiratory illness, medical comorbidities, demographics, postoperative hospital or intensive care unit admission, and all respiratory events and interventions in the perioperative period. Patient‐specific and procedure‐specific factors were investigated via univariate analysis for any correlations with perioperative respiratory adverse events.ResultsOf the 122 patients undergoing triple endoscopy, 69 (57%) experienced a perioperative respiratory adverse event. We found no difference in the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events among children with documented lung disease compared with those with no lung disease (OR: 0.89, p = .8 95% CI: 0.43, 1.8), and no significant difference between those children who had a respiratory illness at the time of surgery, 1–2 weeks prior, 3–4 weeks prior, and those with no preceding respiratory illness. A higher percentage of males had a perioperative respiratory adverse event, compared with females (OR: 2.7, p = .01 95% CI: 1.3, 5.09).ConclusionPatients undergoing triple endoscopy for evaluation of aerodigestive disorders at our institution experienced perioperative respiratory adverse events at a rate of 57%.
Outcomes of dexmedetomidine sedation for drug‐induced sleep ciné magnetic resonance imaging studies in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Narayanasamy Suryakumar , Winograd‐Gomez Vera , Joshi Hem , Yang Fang , Ding Lili , Ishman Stacey L. , Fleck Robert J. , Patino Mario , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDexmedetomidine is utilized as a sedative agent for drug‐induced sleep cine magnetic resonance imaging studies due to its ability to mimic natural sleep and lack of respiratory depressant effects. The outcomes of dexmedetomidine sedation such as respiratory complications and unplanned admissions in obstructive sleep apnea patients undergoing these studies are currently unknown.AimTo describe the outcomes of dexmedetomidine sedation for outpatient drug‐induced sleep magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review conducted in pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing outpatient drug‐induced sleep ciné magnetic resonance imaging studies with dexmedetomidine sedation. Demographics, comorbidities, polysomnography study results, vital signs, respiratory complications, airway interventions, successful completion of the scan, and unplanned hospital admissions were measured.Main ResultsWe analyzed 337 patients aged 2–18 years (median age of 11 years). The imaging was completed with dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative agent in 61% (N = 207) patients. Ketamine was administered as additional sedative agent in 36% (N = 122) of the patients. There was no difference in sedation‐related adverse events and respiratory complications with regard to the severity of sleep apnea with the exception of mild desaturation episodes (SpO2 85%–90%). Patients who received additional sedative agents had significantly longer recovery room stay (71.5 [44] vs 55 [39] minutes; 95% CI of difference [9 to 23 min], p < 0.001) and total periprocedural stay (164.5 [52] vs 138 [64] minutes; 95% CI of difference [17 to 35 min], p < .001).ConclusionsDexmedetomidine alone or along with ketamine provided acceptable sedation in majority of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing outpatient diagnostic sleep magnetic resonance imaging studies without significant respiratory adverse events regardless of the severity of sleep apnea. Sedation failure and unplanned admissions are rare, and routine planned admission may not be required for this patient population.
Human leukocyte antigen eplet mismatching is associated with increased risk of graft loss and rejection after pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Albers Erin L. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. , Hong Borah J. , Kemna Mariska S. , Warner Paul , Law Yuk M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile mismatching between donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles has been associated with increased graft loss in pediatric heart recipients, it is actually the surface amino acid structures, termed eplets, which determine the antigenicity of each HLA molecule. We hypothesized that HLA eplet mismatch analysis is a better predictor of adverse outcomes after pediatric heart transplant than conventional allele mismatch comparison.MethodsA retrospective review of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society database identified pediatric heart recipients (<18 years at listing) with complete donor and recipient HLA typing (A, B, and DR). Imputed high‐resolution HLA genotypes were entered into HLAMatchmaker software which then calculated the number of eplet mismatches between each donor‐recipient pair. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to examine associations between allele or eplet mismatching and adverse outcomes.ResultsCompared to those with <20 HLA class I eplet mismatches, recipients with 20 or more HLA class I eplet mismatches had an increased risk of graft loss (HR 1.46 [1.01–2.12], p = .049). HLA class I eplet mismatching was also associated with rejection (>20 mismatches: HR 1.30 [1.03–1.65], p = .030), while HLA class II eplet mismatching was associated with specified antibody‐mediated rejection (10–20 mismatches: HR 1.57 [1.06–2.34], p = .025; >20 mismatches: HR 3.14 [1.72–5.71], p < .001). Neither HLA class I nor class II allele mismatching was significantly associated with graft loss or rejection.ConclusionEplet mismatch analysis was more predictive of adverse post‐transplant outcomes (including graft loss and rejection) than allele mismatch comparison. Further study, including prospective high‐resolution HLA typing, is warranted.
Higher‐order metaphysics
Authors: Skiba Lukas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubverting a once widely held Quinean paradigm, there is a growing consensus among philosophers of logic that higher‐order quantifiers (which bind variables in the syntactic position of predicates and sentences) are a perfectly legitimate and useful instrument in the logico‐philosophical toolbox, while neither being reducible to nor fully explicable in terms of first‐order quantifiers (which bind variables in singular term position). This article discusses the impact of this quantificational paradigm shift on metaphysics, focussing on theories of properties, propositions, and identity, as well as on the metaphysics of modality.