bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GSG2 Promotes Tumor Growth Through Regulating Cell Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Suxin , Wang Haohao , Li Luhao , Li Lin , Meng Qingbo , Wang Peiju , Shen Dongqi , Dang Xiaowei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors in the world, and its recurrence and mortality rate are still in high level. In recent years, more and more inhibitors against gene targets have been found to be beneficial to survival. However, the function of homo-sapiens histone H3 associated protein kinase (GSG2) in HCC has not been completely understood. MethodsThe expression of GSG2 in HCC tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown GSG2 expression in HCC cell lines Hep3B2.1-7 and SK-HEP-1. Cell proliferation and colony formation were detected by MTT assay and colony formation assay, respectively, and flow cytometry assay was used to investigate the cell apoptosis in vitro. Mice xenograft model was constructed to detect the functions of GSG2 on tumor growth in vivo. Human Apoptosis Antibody Array was conducted to find the possible mechanism.ResultsGSG2 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was positively related to the tumor pathological stage. The knockdown of GSG2 has the functions of inhibiting the progression of HCC, including inhibiting cell proliferation and colony formation and promoting cell apoptosis. Compared with shCtrl group, the shGSG2 group expressed higher apoptotic genes such as caspase 3, caspase 8, Fas and FasL, while lower IGF1, Bcl2 and Bcl-w. ConclusionsOur study showed that knockdown of GSG2 suppresses the tumor growth in vitro and vivo. Therefore, GSG2 might play an oncogenic role in HCC.
Comparing Clinical Impacts Between Valveless Trocar System and Standard Insufflation in Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Hsu Fang-Chin , Lin Chien-Hua , Feng Ting-Yuan , Feng An-Chieh , Chu Ting-Yi , Liao Guo-Shiou , Chen Teng-Wei , Chan De-Chuan , Hsu Kuo-Feng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

In laparoscopic surgery, higher intra-abdominal pressure is needed to achieve a well-exposed surgical field in obese patients, which may results in undesirable effects on cardiopulmonary systems. The AirSeal Intelligent Flow System™ provides stable pneumoperitoneum and constant smoke evacuation. However, studies regarding VTS in bariatric surgery are rare. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VTS on laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using our prospective database. Sixty patients were enrolled equally to the VTS group and standard insufflation device group. Patient characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. The Visual Analog Scale (scores: 0–10) was applied to measure the intensity of shoulder pain at 1, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery, and surgeon’s satisfaction on the surgical field visualization was assessed using a numerical rating scale of 0 (not adequate) to 10 (optimal).
Results

There was no significant difference in bradycardia during insufflation, operative time, blood loss, shoulder pain, and complications as well as shoulder pain between groups. VTS group showed a significant higher scores of surgical field visualization.
Conclusions

There was no significant difference in most perioperative and postoperative outcomes; however, VTS group achieved a better surgical field visualization for surgeons.
High Efficient gasification in a Low-tar biomass (LTB) gasifier by Coupling with Inclined Nozzle and Combustor for Tar Reduction
Authors: Rahman Md Mashiur 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A novel design of low-tar biomass (LTB) gasifier with an inclined nozzle in the pyrolysis zone and a separate combustor installed inside the partial oxidation zone has been designed, developed and tested, while maintaining an extremely low tar in the producer gas. The design process was focused on a swirling flow created by an inclined nozzle which allows a good mixing between gasifying air and pyrolysis gases in the pyrolysis zone. A separate combustor which has large annular and reverse flow zones with the help of swirl flow. The resulted mixing gases has sucked inside in to the combustor and burning the mixture with the help of induced thermal cracking in the partial oxidation zone. At an equivalence ratio of 0.35, the gasifier had a thermal capacity at 23.8 kW and a maximum cold gas efficiency of 93.1%. Using wood chips with a moisture content of 9–34%, the LTB gasifier had generated a producer gas at 7.4-27.14 mg/Nm3 with a lower heating value of 4.57–5.11 MJ/Nm3. The resulted producer gas can be piped directly to the internal combustion engine or a gas turbine at small to medium scale power plant in remote rural off-grid areas.
Attitudes Among Dermatologists Regarding Actinic Keratosis Treatment Options
Authors: Moretta Gaia , Samela Tonia , Sampogna Francesca , Ricci Francesco , Carlesimo Fabio , Panebianco Annarita , D’Erme Angelo Massimiliano , Lella Giovanni Di , Pallotta Sabatino , Dellambra Elena , Abeni Damiano , Fania Luca 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a carcinoma in situ that may progress into an invasive squamous cell carcinoma and, previously, it has been considered as a pre-cancerous lesion. Its prevalence is increasing, and it has been estimated worldwide to range between 1% and 44% of the adult population. The main risk factors for AK are advanced age, fair skin phototype and cumulative sun exposure. Treatment of AK consists of lesion-directed treatment to target single lesions (i.e., cryotherapy, curettage, electrocoagulation, and laser therapy) or field therapy to treat multiple AKs (i.e., photodynamic therapy (PDT), 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU), diclofenac sodium (DIC), imiquimod (IMQ), ingenol mebutate (Ing Meb)). The choice of therapy depends on the number and localization of AKs, patient’s condition, and the patient's tolerability and compliance. In this survey we provided data from one hundred and ten Italian dermatologists regarding knowledge and attitude towards different therapeutic approaches specific for AK. In our study, we observed that the most frequent treatments for AK are cryotherapy and PDT while surgery and laser therapy are the less frequently utilized. The most frequent topical therapies utilized are DIC and IMQ 3.75% cream compared to IMQ 5% cream, Ing Meb, and 5-FU. Choice the correct treatment for AK can be challenging but the adherence to therapy plays a key role to obtain good results. Considering the high and progressive increase in incidence of AK, it is crucial to improve the knowledge of different therapeutic approaches among dermatologists.
Degeneration of pyramidal cells of CA1, CA2, and CA3 are of the hippocampus in male rats under the influence of simvastatin
Authors: Ranaiy Mohammad Saleh , Farokhi Farah , Babaei-Balderlou Farrin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Simvastatin is a lipophilic statin and can cross the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on pyramidal cells in CA1, CA2, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in healthy male rats. Method: For the experiment, 36 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 300-250 g were divided into six groups of six (each group comprised six heads). Groups: 1): Control group, 2): Vitamin D dose 5 µg / kg, 3): Simvastatin group dose 1 mg / kg, 4): Simvastatin group dose 10 mg / kg, 5): Simvastatin group dose 1 mg / kg + vitamin D dose 5 µg / kg, 6): Simvastatin group dose 10 mg / kg + vitamin D dose 5 µg / kg. The duration of drug use was 28 days. At the end of the drug administration period, the animals were slaughtered, then blood samples were taken from the animals (to check TC[1] and LDL-C[2]) and finally the brain tissue of the animals was extracted to prepare microscopic sections. Results: Statistical results of total cholesterol and LDL-C in rat serum showed that the groups receiving simvastatin 10 mg / kg and simvastatin 10 mg / kg with vitamin D supplement 5 µg / kg were significantly different compared to the control group (P <0.05).Statistical results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in degenerated cells in the groups receiving simvastatin 10 mg / kg and simvastatin 10 mg / kg with vitamin D supplementation compared with the control group in CA1 and CA2 regions. The statistical results of the study of the percentage of The statistical results of the study of the percentage of degenerative cells in CA3 region CA3 of the hippocampus showed that all groups except vitamin D group had a significant difference (P <0.50) in the percentage of degenerative cells in this region compared to the control group.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that simvastatin, due to its lipophilic nature, easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and reduces cholesterol in the brain, thus causing the degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus.
Preparation And Properties of Electroless Cu/Ni Composite Materials Based On Wood
Authors: Pan Yanfei , GUO Qiang , YIN Dingwen , DAI Mayin , YU Xiaofang , HAO Yinan , HUANG Jintian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The changes of properties of wood-based Cu-Ni composites were studied via electroless Cu and Ni on wood surface to obtain Cu-Ni multilayer composites with excellent properties. The surface and interface morphology of the composite coatings were investigated via laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystal structure was characterized by XRD. The hydrophobic properties of the composite coatings were tested via contact angle meter. The surface conductivity of composites was tested via four-probe. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of wood-based Cu-Ni composites was 2370.76 S/cm. The surface roughness was 9.99 μm and the thickness of uniform coating reached 157 μm via one time electroless Ni deposition and two times electroless Cu deposition. XRD analysis showed that the wood surface was uniformly covered with metal coating. The metal Cu and Ni were closely nested together to form a dense composite layer, and the composite material was light in weight. When the electroless Ni was 55 min, the contact angle could reach 123°, indicating that had best hydrophobicity. The average electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of Cu and Ni wood-based composites can reach 93.8 dB at L band ranging from 0.3×103 to 3.0×103 MHz) with a low thickness (157 μm), verified the multilayer composite materials can block over 99.99% of incident EM waves.
Effects of methylphenidate on height, weight and blood biochemistry parameters in prepubertal boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an open label prospective study
Authors: Çevikaslan Ahmet , Parlak Mesut , Ellidağ Hamit Yaşar , Kulaksızoğlu Sibel Çilingiroğlu , Yılmaz Necat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background: Adverse effects of stimulants on growth in children have long been studied, but the results remain to be clarified, because metabolic changes or predictors accompanying the growth deviations were not sufficiently studied.

Objective: This open label-prospective study investigated the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on weight, height, blood biochemistry in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method: Prepubertal boys treated with MPH in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic at Antalya Training and Research Hospital in Health Sciences University, Turkey were recruited. Height and weight z-scores and fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 6th month. Changes were compared by paired-samples t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Any association between the changes in growth and biochemical values was analyzed by Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation. The statistical significance threshold was p<0.01.

Results: 31 boys aged 74 to 104 months were enrolled in the study sample (mean=87.6, Standard Deviation (SD)=9.2). Osmotic release oral system-MPH (18 mg/day) was used in 77.4% (N=24) and immediate release-MPH (5 mg three times a day) in 22.5% (N=7). Average daily drug dose was 0.66 mg/kg (SD=0.12). Baseline weight z-score was 0.63 (SD=1.12), decreased significantly at 6 months (0.24 [SD=1.04]) (Z=-4.44, p=0.000, r=0.5) (median z-score was 0.53 at baseline, -0.11 at 6 months). Baseline height z-score (0.23[SD=0.87]) was not suppressed significantly at 6 months (0.28[SD=0.85])(t(30) = ‒1.50, p=0.14).
Glucose (t(30) = -4.33, p=0.000, r=0.6), creatinine (t(30)=-3.28, p=0.003, r=0.5) and 25OH-VitD (N=29, Z=-3.98, p=0.000, r=0.5) increased but alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased (t(28)=3.63, p=0.001, r=0.5). The differences in W-SDS and ALP were positively correlated (r=0.47, p=0.009).

Conclusions: Our results indicate the importance of monitoring blood variables that may accompany growth changes early in MPH treatment and should be further assessed in larger samples.
Future climate change impacts on runoff of scarcely gauged Jhelum river basin using SDSM and RCPs
Authors: Munawar Saira , Tahir Muhammad Naveed , Baig Muhammad Hassan Ali 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a global issue and causes great uncertainties in runoff and streamflow projections, especially in high-altitude basins. The quantification of climatic indicators remains a tedious job for the scarcely gauged mountainous basin. This study investigated climate change by incorporating GCM (CCSM4) using the SDSM method for RCPs in the Jhelum river basin. Historical climatic data were coupled with Aphrodite data to cope with the scarcity of weather stations. SDSM was calibrated for the period 1976–2005 and validated for the period 2006–2015 using R2 and RMSE. Future climatic indicators were downscaled and debiased using the MB-BC method. The de-biased downscaled data and MODIS data were used to simulate discharge of Jhelum river basin using SRM. Simulated discharge was compared with measured discharge by using Dv% and NSE. The R2 and RMSE for SDSM range between 0.89–0.95 and 0.8–1.02 for temperature and 0.86–0.96 and 0.57–1.02 for precipitation. Projections depicted a rising trend of 1.5 °C to 3.8 °C in temperature, 2–7% in mean annual precipitation and 3.3–7.4% in discharge for 2100 as compared to the baseline period. Results depicted an increasing trend for climatic indicators and discharge due to climate change for the basin.
The impacts of increasing water scarcity and the potential for water-related conflict in Lamu, Kenya
Authors: Maingey Yvonne , Opondo Maggie , Olago Daniel , Ouma Gilbert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the age of climate change, the efficient allocation, distribution and use of water raises complex issues for water management, with far-reaching and often contentious consequences. As water becomes scarcer, water-related tensions are imminent on different scales. It is the interplay of these tensions with a number of socioeconomic, political, environmental and cultural factors that determine the probability of conflict. Lamu, found in the coastal part of Kenya, is a unique location in that access to water is already a major challenge. Combined with the negative impacts of climate change, and the ongoing large infrastructural development in the region, Lamu is on the verge of a water crisis. As such, there is a need for research into the context-specific factors that play a part in heightening the potential for water-related conflict amidst increasing water scarcity. The focus of this study was to identify and evaluate the context-specific factors that will amplify the potential for water-related conflict in Lamu. The findings suggest religion, migration, and poverty are factors that would heighten the potential for water-related conflict in the region amidst increasing water scarcity. The study recommends that these factors need to be addressed urgently and should be part of any water management mechanism in Lamu, in order to avoid water-related conflicts. Additionally, the findings imply that anticipating the stressors for water-related conflict in Lamu will play a significant role in managing conflict and facilitating negotiations over the region's water resources.
Synthesis of hydrochar supported zero-valent iron composites through hydrothermal carbonization of granatum and zero-valent iron: potential applications for Pb2+ removal
Authors: Jia Guangyin , Tang Xiangchao , Xu Jie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In the present investigation, a one-step synthesis of hydrochar (HC) supported zero-valent iron (ZVI) was performed through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of granatum and ZVI. According to XRD, XPS, and FTIR data, ZVI was evenly distributed on the surface of the hydrochar. In addition, the external ZVI oxide layer and the functional groups present in the hydrochar remained on the surface of the HC/ZVI composites after HTC treatment. The surface area of the HC/ZVI composites was between 31.11 and 44.16 m2/g. These numbers were higher than those obtained for hydrochar (20.36 m2/g) and ZVI (12.14 m2/g) separately. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of hydrochar and ZVI was 28.64 and 192.44 mg/g, respectively (25 °C, pH = 6.05, Pb2+ concentration of 200 mg/L with 0.05 g HC and 0.01 g ZVI). In addition, the adsorption capacity of the composites was between 49.63 and 88.09 mg/g. The data obtained for Pb2+ removal by the samples used in this experiments fitted well the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. Therefore, hydrochar may represent a promising supporting material for the synthesis of ZVI composites.
Evaluation of the efficiency of some disinfectants on the viability of Hymenolepis nana eggs isolated from wastewater and faecal sludge in Yaounde (Cameroon): importance of some abiotic variables
Authors: Arnold Landry Fotseu Kouam , Gideon Aghaindum Ajeagah , Dennis Amoah Isaac , Thérèse Nadège Okoa Amougou , Pierre Tsomene Namekong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hymenolepis nana is responsible for many parasitic infections in tropical areas, with its persistence in aquatic environments as major contributory factor. A study aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of some disinfectants on the viability of Hymenolepis nana eggs was conducted in microcosm. Sampling consisted of taking wastewater and sewage sludge samples in sterilized containers and then transporting to the laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environmental Sciences for the determination of Hymenolepis nana eggs using standard protocols. The experimental set-up consisted of five replicates, four tests and a control. The test samples were successively treated with four disinfectants (calcium chlorite, hydrogen peroxide, gypsum and sodium hypochlorite). The physico-chemical parameters were measured before and after disinfection. The samples were then observed under an optical microscope after concentration of the sample through sedimentation and McMaster technique. The viability of the eggs was determined using incubation and staining techniques. The analysis revealed that the selected disinfectants significantly reduced the physico-chemical parameters (with an average yield ranging from 79.24 ± 19.43% to 99.24 ± 1.47%). These physico-chemical parameters can significantly influence the treatment of Hymenolepis nana eggs either by absorbing the disinfectant or by constituting a protective barrier for the eggs, and the physico-chemical nature of the disinfectant strongly influences the formation of disinfection by-products. Calcium chlorite showed a greater effectiveness in reducing egg viability with efficiency rates of 93.12 ± 9.12% followed by hydrogen peroxide (89.57 ± 14.55%), sodium hypochlorite (82.51 ± 14.39%) and gypsum (80.85 ± 12.88%). The results obtained with gypsum are almost similar to those obtained with other disinfectants (calcium chlorite, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite) and clearly show that this disinfectant can be used in water treatment because, unlike other chemical disinfectants, it has no known toxic effects.
Susceptibility of Glutathione-S-Transferase Polymorphism to CVD Develo-
pment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Review
Authors: Sobha Santhi Priya , Ebenezar Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Metabolic disorder affects normal homeostasis and can lead to the development of diseases. Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder, and a cluster of metabolic conditions can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Diabetes mellitus and CVD are closely related, with oxidative stress, playing a major role in the pathophysiology. Glutathione-S-Transferases (GST) potentially play an important role by reducing oxidative stress and is found to be the underlying pathophysiology in the development of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), etc.

Objectives:
In this review, the role of GST genetic variant in the development of diabetes mellitus, CVD and diabetic vascular complications has been focused.

Results:
Based on the literature, it is evident that the GST can act as an important biochemical tool providing significant evidence regarding oxidative stress predominant in the development of diseases. Analysis of GST gene status, particularly detection of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null mutations and GSTP1 polymorphism, have clinical importance.

Conclusion:
The analysis of GST polymorphism may help identify the people at risk and provide proper medical management. Genotyping of GST gene would be a helpful biomarker for early diagnosis of CVD development in DM and also in CVD cases. More studies focusing on the association of GST polymorphism with CVD development in diabetic patients will help us determine the pathophysiology better.
In vitro Cholesterol Assimilation by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
(BPL1) Probiotic Bacteria Under Intestinal Conditions
Authors: Fernández-Calderón María Coronada , Sánchez-Moro María Dolores Hinchado , Rincón Eduardo Ortega 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the principal causes of the development of
cardiovascular diseases. Recently, probiotics consumption has also been proposed as a non-pharmacological
intervention to control cholesterol concentrations.

Objective:
To evaluate in vitro assimilation of cholesterol by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
(BPL1) under simulated intestinal environment in anaerobic conditions and to review and discuss
potential physiological mechanisms in this context.

Methods:
Bacterial viability and cholesterol assimilation were evaluated in both standard MRS and
Stimulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) medium under anaerobic conditions and in the presence or
absence of cholesterol. For assimilation assays, cholesterol concentrations in the different suspensions,
containing the probiotic or not, were determined by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Results:
The results showed that the growth of B. lactis BPL1 under intestinal conditions is favored
when cholesterol is present in the culture medium. In addition, cholesterol assimilation of up
to 44.4% under intestinal and anaerobic conditions was observed.

Conclusion:
Taking into account the revised literature and the experimental results presented
herein, the administration of functional foodstuffs together with probiotic bacteria, such as B. lactis
BPL1, could be a potentially effective option to decrease hypercholesterolemia, thus preventing the
development of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, further studies on mechanisms of effectiveness
in animals and clinical trials are still needed.