bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to spot COVID‐19 patients: Speech & sound audio analysis for preliminary diagnosis of SARS‐COV‐2 corona patients
Authors: Sharma Amit , Baldi Ashish , Kumar Sharma Dinesh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe global cases of COVID‐19 increasing day by day. On 25 November 2020, a total of 59 850 910 cases reported globally with a 1 411 216 global death. In India, total cases in the country now stand at 91 77 841 including 86 04 955 recoveries and 4 38 667 active cases as on 24 November 2020, as per the data issued by ICMR. A new generation of voice/audio analysis application can tell whether the person is suffering from COVID‐19 or not.AimsTo describe how to established a new generation of voice/audio analysis application to identify the suspected COVID‐19 hidden cases in hotspot areas with the help of an audio sample of the general public.Materials & MethodsThe different patents and data available as literature on the internet are evaluated to make a new generation of voice/audio analysis application with the help of an audio sample of the general public.ResultsThe collection of the audio sample will be done from the already suffered COVID‐19 patients in (.Wave files) personally or through phone calls. The audio samples such as the sound of the cough, the pattern of breathing, respiration rate and way of speech will be recorded. The parameters will be evaluated for loudness, articulation, tempo, rhythm, melody and timbre. The analysis and interpretation of the parameters can be made through machine learning and artificial intelligence to detect corona cases with an audio sample.DiscussionThe voice/audio application current project can be merged with a mobile App called ‘AarogyaSetu’ by the Government of India. The project can be implemented in the high‐risk area of COVID‐19 in the country.ConclusionThis new method of detecting cases will decrease the workload in the COVID‐19 laboratory.
The deep impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical students: An online cross‐sectional study evaluating Turkish students’ anxiety
Authors: Kuman Tunçel Özlem , Taşbakan Selin Ece , Gökengin Deniz , Erdem Hüseyin Aytaç , Yamazhan Tansu , Sipahi Oğuz Reşat , Pullukçu Hüsnü , Önen Sertöz Özen , Işıkgöz Taşbakan Meltem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) changed the delivery of medical education in Turkey by moving to an emergency remote teaching system and led to many challenges for future doctors. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on medical students, to assess their anxiety level and their main anxiety sources related to this pandemic.MethodsA Google Form was distributed to medical students using the virtual snowball sampling method. The form included the Beck Anxiety Inventory and additional 19 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, perceived level of knowledge about the epidemic, self‐risk perceptions of COVID‐19 and their anxiety levels about some other topics related to COVID‐19.ResultsOverall, 3105 medical students with a mean age of 22.37 ± 2.46, took the survey. Amongst the participants, only 32% of the students defined their knowledge about the precautions that should be taken during an epidemic disease as acceptable. Students reported highest anxiety level for the continuing spread of COVID‐19 in Turkey and transmitting coronavirus to another person. Clinically significant anxiety prevalence was 23.2%. Regression analysis revealed that factors that increased the risk of being anxious included being female, being other than a 5th‐year student, thinking that being a medical student would increase the risk of coronavirus transmission or being uncertain about it, being exposed to a patient with COVID‐19 or being uncertain about it, being anxious about the continuing spread of COVID‐19 in Turkey, being anxious about acquiring COVID‐19, being anxious for graduating and being on active duty, being anxious about a medical training interruption.ConclusionOur results suggest that anxiety is prevalent amongst Turkish medical students during the COVID‐19 pandemic and they have a weak preparedness for a pandemic such as COVID‐19. Based on our results, new strategies should be implemented for medical education and for alleviating students’ anxiety levels.
The thrill of a smart purchase: Does country matter?
Authors: Quinones Myriam , Gómez‐Suárez Mónica , Yagüe María Jesús 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship of Schwartz's theory of basic individual values to smart shoppers' predisposition to purchase store brands, considering the mediating role of the smart shopper self‐concept and the moderating role of the country of origin. After an initial qualitative analysis, survey data were collected from a sample of 868 shoppers in four western countries (Spain, France, Germany and the United States). Then, a series of statistical estimations was developed through structural equation modelling. The results of these sequential models showed metric equivalence, providing a basis for generating valid comparisons among the four countries. The final findings corroborate the idea that the individual's value structure has a direct and positive effect on the smart shopper self‐concept and that this effect in turn influences the shopper's attitude towards store brands. The results also show that although the dimensions of the buyers' value structures are cross‐country invariant, the set of values that best define smart shoppers differs significantly by country. Mixed results are found when the relationship between the smart shopper self‐concept and the attitude towards store brands is analysed for each individual country. These outcomes offer international retail managers guidance on how to best stimulate smart shoppers' positive responses towards store brands.
Patient satisfaction and masticatory performance of zirconia bar compared to cobalt chromium bar retaining mandibular implant overdenture: A crossover study
Authors: Altonbary Gilan Y. , Emera Radwa M. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this crossover clinical study was the evaluation and comparison of patient satisfaction and masticatory performance for patients rehabilitated with mandibular two implant overdentures retained with two different bar attachments: zirconia bar and cobalt chromium bar.Material and MethodsTwenty completely edentulous patients were divided into two equal groups: Group I (ZrO2), each patient received mandibular implant overdenture retained with CAD/CAM zirconia bar on two implants in the canine region, and Group II (Co‐Cr), each patient received mandibular overdenture retained with conventional casted cobalt chromium metal bar. Patient satisfaction was measured with a survey questionnaire (PSQ‐18), and masticatory performance was also evaluated with the two‐colour mixing ability test after 3 months of overdenture insertion; then, each patient received a bar attachment from the other type and evaluations were repeated.ResultsSignificant differences were observed regarding psychological acceptance (appearance), time, hygiene, undergo procedures, recommend procedures and the overall experience. In contrast, insignificant difference was observed regarding speech, chewing capacity, restorative procedures, complications and information prior to treatment. No significant difference was reported when comparing chewing performance between the two types of bar attachment.ConclusionWithin this clinical study limitations, patient satisfaction with zirconia bar was higher than Co‐Cr bar in terms of appearance, time, hygiene, undergo procedures, recommend procedures and the overall experience. Zirconia can become a suitable alternative to cobalt chromium alloys as a bar attachment. Combining the advantages of implant supported overdenture, CAD/CAM zirconia bar as an attachment, a satisfactory non‐metal prosthesis could be provided.
Tolerable upper intake level of iron damages the liver of weaned piglets
Authors: Ding Haoxuan , Zhao Yang , Yu Xiaonan , Chen Lingjun , Han Jianan , Feng Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIron is one of the essential trace elements, which is often supplemented as an additive to meet the growing needs of toddlers and young animals. Recommended nutrient intake (RNI) and tolerable upper intake levels (UL) are always set when the iron is supplemented. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subacute (28 days) toxicity of UL iron to weaned piglet liver. Thirty 23‐day‐old weaned piglets were divided into three groups and, respectively, supplemented with 100, 300 or 3000 (UL) mg/kg iron. UL iron caused significant weight loss in 4th week (p < 0.05). Divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1) decreased significantly, ferroportin 1 and ferritin increased significantly in the liver of UL iron group (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant effect on liver morphology, UL iron significantly increased hepatic iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (p < 0.05). UL iron significantly reduced glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total anti‐oxidation capacity (T‐AOC) in the liver (p < 0.05). Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activated subunits of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc) and glutathione S‐transferase A1 (Gsta1) upregulation in the UL iron group liver, thereby increasing resistance to oxidative stress. In conclusion, UL iron supplementation altered iron metabolism, generated free radicals, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and activated Nrf2 signalling pathway in the weaned piglet liver.
Composition and diversity of prokaryotic communities sampled from sponges and soft corals in Maldivian waters
Authors: Cleary Daniel Francis Richard , Polónia Ana Rita Moura , de Voogd Nicole Joy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, prokaryotic communities from nine sponge species, two octocoral species, sediment and seawater were assessed from Maldivian coral reefs. All host species contained prokaryotic communities, which were distinct from those found in sediment and seawater. Certain host species, however, contained relatively high abundances of environmental OTUs, that is, OTUs recorded in sediment and/or seawater. This was particularly the case for the sponge species Svenzea novo sp. and Stylissa carteri with respect to seawater and Liosina paradoxa with respect to sediment. The sponge species Svenzea novo sp., S. carteri, L. paradoxa, Jaspis splendens and Ptilocaulis cf. spiculifer all had relatively high abundances of Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes and relatively low evenness compared to the remaining sponge species. They also housed distinct subsets of highly abundant OTUs, which were rare or absent in other hosts, a trait they shared with the octocoral species. The aforementioned compositional traits suggest LMA status for these sponge species. The remaining species (Hyrtios erectus, Luffariella variabilis, Neopetrosia chaliniformis and Plakortis cf. kenyensis) had high relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, PAUC34f (or SAUL; sponge‐associated unclassified lineage) and Poribacteria, high evenness and limited compositional variation among samples, traits associated with HMA status. Our results, furthermore, confirmed the previously established classification of H. erectus as an HMA and S. carteri as a LMA species. Both octocoral species (Melithaea maldivensis and Paraminabea sp.) housed prokaryotic communities, which were compositionally distinct from sponge species and included significantly discriminating OTUs assigned to the Tenericutes, Spirochaetae and Proteobacteria phyla and the genera Mycoplasma (Tenericutes), Spirochaeta 2 (Spirochaetae) and Endozoicomonas (Proteobacteria).
Low dispersal and ploidy differences in a grass maintain photosynthetic diversity despite gene flow and habitat overlap
Authors: Olofsson Jill K. , Curran Emma V. , Nyirenda Florence , Bianconi Matheus E. , Dunning Luke T. , Milenkovic Vanja , Sotelo Graciela , Hidalgo Oriane , Powell Robyn F. , Lundgren Marjorie R. , Leitch Ilia J. , Nosil Patrik , Osborne Colin P. , Christin Pascal‐Antoine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeographical isolation facilitates the emergence of distinct phenotypes within a single species, but reproductive barriers or selection are needed to maintain the polymorphism after secondary contact. Here, we explore the processes that maintain intraspecific variation of C4 photosynthesis, a complex trait that results from the combined action of multiple genes. The grass Alloteropsis semialata includes C4 and non‐C4 populations, which have coexisted as a polyploid series for more than 1 million years in the miombo woodlands of Africa. Using population genomics, we show that there is genome‐wide divergence for the photosynthetic types, but the current geographical distribution does not reflect a simple habitat displacement scenario as the genetic clusters overlap, being occasionally mixed within a given habitat. Despite evidence of recurrent introgression between non‐C4 and C4 groups, in both diploids and polyploids, the distinct genetic lineages retain their identity, potentially because of selection against hybrids. Coupled with strong isolation by distance within each genetic group, this selection created a geographical mosaic of photosynthetic types. Diploid C4 and non‐C4 types never grew together, and the C4 type from mixed populations constantly belonged to the hexaploid lineage. By limiting reproductive interactions between photosynthetic types, the ploidy difference probably allows their co‐occurrence, reinforcing the functional diversity within this species. Together, these factors enabled the persistence of divergent physiological traits of ecological importance within a single species despite gene flow and habitat overlap.
Textualising the ethno‐religious sovereign, history, ethnicity and nationalism in the Perso‐Islamic textbooks
Authors: Soleimani Kamal , Osmanzadeh Davoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper is a study of the Islamic Republic of Iran's 1st‐ to 12th‐grade textbooks. This paper examines issues of language, race, ethnicity and religious nationalism in textbooks to cast light on how the state in Iran has striven to Perso‐Shi'ify the polity through its education system. The official textbooks depict the sovereign community (Persians) as the sole agent of history. The state considers alternative (unofficial) narratives treasonous. This is an in‐depth study of how Iran's state‐sanctioned textbooks, their situatedness and the contextual knowledge gained from them offer revealing points of interpretation, illuminating the foundation of the existing structural ethnolinguistic dividing lines, and shows that Islamism, as the governing bounded logic implanted in textbooks, lends solidity to racial theories and historiographies. This study sporadically discusses the views and experiences of a number of Kurdish schoolteachers with whom we could conduct in‐depth interviews.
Functional phenomics and genetics of the root economics space in winter wheat using high‐throughput phenotyping of respiration and architecture
Authors: Guo Haichao , Ayalew Habtamu , Seethepalli Anand , Dhakal Kundan , Griffiths Marcus , Ma Xue‐Feng , York Larry M. 
Published: March 2021

Summary

The root economics space is a useful framework for plant ecology but is rarely considered for crop ecophysiology. In order to understand root trait integration in winter wheat, we combined functional phenomics with trait economic theory, utilizing genetic variation, high‐throughput phenotyping, and multivariate analyses.

We phenotyped a diversity panel of 276 genotypes for root respiration and architectural traits using a novel high‐throughput method for CO2 flux and the open‐source software RhizoVision Explorer to analyze scanned images.

We uncovered substantial variation in specific root respiration (SRR) and specific root length (SRL), which were primary indicators of root metabolic and structural costs. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lateral root tips had the greatest SRR, and the residuals from this model were used as a new trait. Specific root respiration was negatively correlated with plant mass. Network analysis, using a Gaussian graphical model, identified root weight, SRL, diameter, and SRR as hub traits. Univariate and multivariate genetic analyses identified genetic regions associated with SRR, SRL, and root branching frequency, and proposed gene candidates.

Combining functional phenomics and root economics is a promising approach to improving our understanding of crop ecophysiology. We identified root traits and genomic regions that could be harnessed to breed more efficient crops for sustainable agroecosystems.
Salivary BPIFA proteins are altered in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Innocentini Lara Maria Alencar Ramos , Silva Andreia Aparecida , Carvalho Marco Antonio , Coletta Ricardo D. , Corrêa Maria Elvira Pizzigatti , Bingle Lynne , Bingle Colin D. , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BPIFA proteins in the saliva and salivary glands of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients.Material and MethodsThis longitudinal study included patients who had undergone autologous HCT (auto‐HCT) and allogeneic HCT (allo‐HCT), and unstimulated saliva was collected at three time points, with a fourth collection at oral chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) onset. BPIFA expression was analysed by Western blotting in saliva and immunostaining in the minor salivary glands of cGVHD patients.ResultsAuto‐HCT patients showed increased levels of BPIFA1 (p = .021) and BPIFA2 at D+7 (p = .040), whereas allo‐HCT group demonstrated decreased expression of BPIFA2 at D+8 (p = .002) and at D+80 (p = .001) and a significant association between BPIFA2 low levels and hyposalivation was observed (p = .02). BPIFA2 was significantly lower in the cGVHD patients when compared to baseline (p = .04).ConclusionsThe results of this study show distinct pattern of expression of BPIF proteins in both auto‐HCT and allo‐HCT recipients with decreased levels of BPIFA2 during hyposalivation and cGVHD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate these proteins mechanisms and their clinical implications in these groups of patients.
Peripheral odontogenic keratocyst: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characterization
Authors: Lafuente‐Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Aguirre‐Urizar José Manuel , Villatoro‐Ugalde Verónica , Magaña‐Quiñones José‐Julio , Lana‐Ojeda Jessica , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to present and discuss the salient clinicopathological features, differential diagnosis and epithelial immunohistochemical profile of three additional cases of peripheral odontogenic keratocyst (POKC) and to present a review of the literature. POKC is a locally aggressive odontogenic lesion. The peripheral variant of the odontogenic keratocyst is rare and more frequently located in anterior gingiva.Material and MethodsWe present the clinicopathological features of 3 new cases of POKC (2 women and 1 man; age range: 14–74 years). Immunohistochemical study included CK7, CK14, CK19 and Ki‐67, and a systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases.ResultsAll cases were located in the anterior gingiva (2 in maxilla and 1 mandible), and none corresponded to Gorlin–Goltz syndrome. High expression of CK14 was seen in all cases, with CK19 and CK7 been only focally positive. The expression of Ki‐67 was located in the basal and parabasal cells in all cases.ConclusionsPOKC is a rare gingival lesion that seems to originate from remnants of dental lamina or from the basal cells of the gingival epithelium and present a similar histopathology as compared to intraosseous OKC.
Increasing physical activity with African–American women using Facebook™ and Pedometers
Authors: Biederman Donna J. , Sabol Valerie K. , Thompson Julie , Duncan Quiana , Pereira Katherine C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMore than 80 percent of African American women struggle with overweight and obesity. We implemented a 5‐week physical activity intervention using Facebook™ and pedometers with African American women. Twenty‐seven African American women participated in a single‐group pre/post design intervention to promote walking and physical activity. Participants were given access to a private Facebook™ group along with a free Omron Alvita pedometer. The five‐week intervention challenged participants to increase weekly daily steps and the number of days they were physically active. At the end of the intervention, participants had significantly increased their weekly steps by 190% as compared to baseline (p = .005). Nearly, 80% of participants reported being active two or more days per week as compared to baseline (35.7%). Technologies such as social media and pedometers can assist in educating individuals and improving physical activity. These findings are relevant to public health nurses when implementing programs to increase physical activity for African American women.
The Shape of the Kantian Mind
Authors: Pendlebury T. A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKant's readers have disagreed about whether, according to his account of cognition, concepts, representations of the understanding, are involved in intuitions, representations of sensibility. But proponents of the affirmative 'conceptualist' answer and those of the negative 'non‐conceptualist' answer have alike presupposed that such involvement should be construed in a particular way: i.e., as the involvement of particular concepts in particular exercises of sensibility. I argue, on the contrary, that it should not be: that though, for Kant, no concepts are applied in exercises of sensibility, nonetheless the understanding, the faculty of concepts, is teleologically internal to sensibility and, therefore, to its exercises. That is, those exercises are per se directed towards the provision to the understanding of objects to which its fundamental concepts, the categories, are applicable, though no act of categorical application is internal to them. This conception of sensibility, available only in light of a careful distinction between capacities and acts, is demanded, I argue, by Kant's conception of a priori knowledge as elaborated in his Transcendental Deduction.
Effects of Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 overexpression on the steroidogenic metabolism in bovine granulosa cells in vitro
Authors: Paulini Fernanda , Melo Eduardo O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGranulosa cells (GCs) play important roles in the regulation of ovarian functions, and in vitro culture is a relevant model for the study of steroidogenesis in ovarian follicles. Thus, growth factors secreted by the oocyte, like Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15), play an important part in the luteinization of granulosa cells. The aim of this work was to express GDF9 and BMP15 genes in bovine GCs in vitro and evaluate their effects on the luteinization process. Samples of culture medium and GCs transfected with GDF9 and BMP15 were obtained for 21 consecutive days to analyse the steroidogenic hormones' concentration (progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2)) and the expression of STAR, GDF9 and BMP15 and their respective receptors. The results demonstrated an inhibitory effect of GDF9 and BMPF15 on P4 secretion in bovine GCs cultured in vitro. Moreover, our study demonstrated the entire expression of their respective receptors (TGFBR1, BMPR1B and BMPR2) and the inhibition of the steroidogenic marker, STAR gene. This work sheds light on a novel biological function of BMP15 and GDF9 in bovine GCs physiology, which could elucidate a non‐described biological role for GDF9 and BMP15 in bovine granulosa cells' metabolism.