bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 sculpts the immune system to induce sustained virus‐specific naïve‐like and memory B‐cell responses
Authors: de Campos‐Mata Leire , Tejedor Vaquero Sonia , Tachó‐Piñot Roser , Piñero Janet , Grasset Emilie K , Arrieta Aldea Itziar , Rodrigo Melero Natalia , Carolis Carlo , Horcajada Juan P , Cerutti Andrea , Villar‐García Judit , Magri Giuliana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesSARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces virus‐reactive memory B cells expressing unmutated antibodies, which hints at their emergence from naïve B cells. Yet, the dynamics of virus‐specific naïve B cells and their impact on immunity and immunopathology remain unclear.MethodsWe longitudinally profiled SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific B‐cell responses in 25 moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 patients by high‐dimensional flow cytometry and isotyping and subtyping ELISA. We also explored the relationship of B‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 with the activation of effector and regulatory cells from the innate or adaptive immune system.ResultsWe found a virus‐specific antibody response with a broad spectrum of classes and subclasses during acute infection, which evolved into an IgG1‐dominated response during convalescence. Acute infection was associated with increased mature B‐cell progenitors in the circulation and the unexpected expansion of virus‐targeting naïve‐like B cells. The latter further augmented during convalescence together with virus‐specific memory B cells. In addition to a transitory increase in tissue‐homing CXCR3+ plasmablasts and extrafollicular memory B cells, most COVID‐19 patients showed persistent activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells along with transient or long‐lasting changes of key innate immune cells. Remarkably, virus‐specific antibodies and the frequency of naïve B cells were among the major variables defining distinct immune signatures associated with disease severity and inflammation.ConclusionAside from providing new insights into the complexity of the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2, our findings indicate that the de novo recruitment of mature B‐cell precursors into the periphery may be central to the induction of antiviral immunity.
Drivers of fire severity shift as landscapes transition to an active fire regime, Klamath Mountains, USA
Authors: Taylor Alan H. , Harris Lucas B. , Drury Stacy A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFire severity patterns are driven by interactions between fire, vegetation, and terrain, and they generate legacy effects that influence future fire severity. A century of fire exclusion and fuel buildup has eroded legacy effects, and contemporary fire severity patterns may diverge from historical patterns. In recent decades, area burned and area burned at high severity have increased and landscapes are transitioning back to an active fire regime where disturbance legacies will again play a strong role in determining fire severity. Understanding the drivers of fire severity is crucial for anticipating future fire severity patterns as active fire regimes are reestablished. We identified drivers of fire severity in the Klamath Mountains, a landscape with an active fire regime, using two machine learning statistical models: one model for non‐reburns (n = 92) and one model for reburns (n = 61). Both models predicted low better than moderate or high‐severity fire. Fire severity drivers contrasted sharply between non‐reburns and reburns. Fire weather and fuels were dominant controls in non‐reburns, while previous burn severity, fuel characteristics, and time since last fire were drivers for reburns. In reburns, areas initially burned at low (high) severity burned the same way again. This tendency was sufficiently strong that reburn fire severity could be predicted equally well with only severity of the previous fire in the model. Thus, reburn fire severity is more predictable than severity in non‐reburns that are driven by the stochastic influences of fire weather. Reburn severity in aggregate was also higher than non‐reburn severity suggesting a positive feedback effect that could contribute to an upward drift in fire severity as area burned increases. Terrain had low importance in both models. This indicates strong terrain controls in the past may not carry into the future. Low‐ and moderate‐severity fire effects were prevalent in non‐reburns under moderate fire weather and self‐reinforcing behavior maintained these effects in reburns even under more extreme weather, particularly in reburns within 10 yr. Our findings suggest deliberate use of wildfire and prescribed fire under moderate conditions would increase fire resilience in landscapes transitioning to an active fire regime.
Successful percutaneous treatment of late outflow graft failure of the left ventricular assist device: a long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Zajdel Wojciech , Tomala Marek , Bryndza Magdalena , Krupiński Maciej , Kapelak Bogusław , Legutko Jacek , Wierzbicki Karol 
Published: September 2021

AbstractContinuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) outflow graft stenosis constitutes a severe complication. Treatment options include surgical pump exchange, transcatheter procedures, or systemic thrombolysis. We present a case of a spontaneous mechanical twisting of the outflow graft at two distinct points, which was treated by a two‐step percutaneous stent implantation. Self‐expanding stents were used during the first procedure. We also ensured distal bilateral percutaneous neuroprotection against cerebrovascular embolism. During the second, previously unpredicted procedure, we used balloon‐expandable bare‐metal stents to overcome the torque of the graft, because of their higher radial force. It was assumed that the external, self‐expanding layer of the stent might protect the graft from the bare‐metal stents. The effects of the treatment were monitored both clinically and through computed tomography angiography. The check‐up 12 months later revealed nothing of note. Interventional transcatheter procedures are a safe treatment option for outflow graft stenosis, with good long‐term effects. Both self‐expanding and balloon‐expandable stents can be used for transcatheter intervention. Both the incidence of the graft twisting and the radial force of the implanted stent seem to be critical and robust predictors of the long‐term result of percutaneous therapy.
Gender differences in characteristics and outcomes in heart failure patients referred for end‐stage treatment
Authors: Fluschnik Nina , Strangl Felix , Kondziella Christoph , Goßling Alina , Becher Peter Moritz , Schrage Benedikt , Schnabel Renate B. , Bernadyn Julia , Bremer Wiebke , Grahn Hanno , Bernhardt Alexander M. , Reichenspurner Hermann , Rybczynski Meike , Blankenberg Stefan , Kirchhof Paulus , Magnussen Christina , Knappe Dorit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsDespite signals from clinical trials and mechanistic studies implying different resilience to heart failure (HF) depending on gender, the impact of gender on presentation and outcomes in patients with HF remains unclear. This study assessed the impact of gender on clinical presentation and outcomes in patients with HF referred to a specialised tertiary HF service.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with HF referred to a specialised tertiary HF service offering advanced therapy options including left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and heart transplantation were prospectively enrolled from August 2015 until March 2018. We assessed clinical characteristics at baseline and performed survival analyses and age‐adjusted Cox regression analyses in men vs. women for all‐cause death and a combined disease‐related endpoint comprising death, heart transplantation, and LVAD implantation. Analyses were performed for the overall study population and for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Of 356 patients included, 283 (79.5%) were male. The median age was 58 years (interquartile range 50–67). Two hundred and fifty‐one (74.5%) patients had HFrEF. HF aetiology, ejection fraction, functional status measures, and most of the cardiac and non‐cardiac comorbidities did not differ between men and women. In a median follow‐up of 3.2 years, 50 patients died (45 men, 5 women), 15 patients underwent LVAD implantation, and 8 patients heart transplantation. While all‐cause death was not significantly different between both genders in the overall population [16.9 vs. 6.0%, P = 0.065, hazard ratio (HR) 2.29 (95% confidence interval 0.91–5.78), P = 0.078], in the HFrEF subgroup, a significant difference between men and women was observed [20.7% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.017, HR 3.67 (95% confidence interval 1.13–11.91), P = 0.031]. The combined endpoint was more often reached in men than in women in both the overall population [21.6% vs. 9.0%, P = 0.053, HR 2.51 (1.08–5.82), P = 0.032] and the HFrEF subgroup [27.1% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.015, HR 3.58 (1.29–9.94), P = 0.014].ConclusionsPatients referred to a specialised tertiary HF service showed a similar clinical profile without relevant gender differences. In the mid‐term follow‐up, more male than female patients died or underwent heart transplantation and LVAD implantation. These findings call for independent validation and for further research into gender‐specific drivers of HF progression.
Structural Effects on Dioxygen Evolution from Ru(V)−Oxo Complexes
Authors: Swann Matthew T. , Nicholas Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of ruthenium(V)−oxo compounds, LRu(V)O(n) [L=bipyridinedicarboxylate (BDA), alpha‐hydroxycarboxylate (AHA), porphyrin (POR), dimethylglyoximate (DMG), and nitrilotriacetate (NTA); n=+1,0, −1] are evaluated by Density Functional Theory for their ability to produce dioxygen through coupling of Ru(V)−oxo species, bimetallic peroxides (LRu(IV)‐O−O−Ru(IV)L), and dioxygen (LRu(IV)‐O2) complexes. Anionic Ru−oxo complexes (AHA)2RuO− (2) and (NTA)Ru(O)Cl− (5 e) have prohibitively large free energies of coupling, while neutral and monocationic species (1 b, 3–5 a–d) show small to moderate free energies of coupling. Transition states for O−O coupling were found for (NTA)RuO (5 a), (NTA)RuO(NH3) (5 c), (NTA)RuO(Pyr) (5 d), (DMG)2ClRu(O) (8) and (POR)RuO(Cl) (9), yielding moderate activation energies in the range of 18–22 kcal/mol. The overall oxygen evolution reaction (OER) free energies decrease in favourability as the coordination number of LRuO decreases, i. e. 7>6>5. The modest activation energies and free energies along the reaction coordinate for (NTA)(L)RuO and (POR)ClRu(O) suggest that these species would undergo kinetically and thermodynamically favorable oxygen evolution.
Dihalogenation of Alkenes Using Combinations of N‐Halosuccinimides and Alkali Metal Halides
Authors: Rubio‐Presa Rubén , García‐Pedrero Olaya , López‐Matanza Pablo , Barrio Pablo , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA simple, efficient and eco‐friendly method for the vicinal dihalogenation of alkenes is described. The reaction is performed with a combination of a N‐halosuccinimide and an alkali metal halide using environmentally benign solvents such as acetic acid and ethyl acetate. Purification steps are avoided, and pure products are usually obtained after a simple aqueous workup.
Multi‐omic strategies applied to the study of pharmacoresistance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Bruxel Estela M. , do Canto Amanda M. , Bruno Danielle C. F. , Geraldis Jaqueline C. , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy in adults, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a frequent histopathological feature in patients with MTLE. Pharmacoresistance is present in at least one‐third of patients with MTLE with HS (MTLE+HS). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of pharmacoresistance in epilepsy, including the effect of genetic and molecular factors. In recent years, the increased knowledge generated by high‐throughput omic technologies has significantly improved the power of molecular genetic studies to discover new mechanisms leading to disease and response to treatment. In this review, we present and discuss the contribution of different omic modalities to understand the basic mechanisms determining pharmacoresistance in patients with MTLE+HS. We provide an overview and a critical discussion of the findings, limitations, new approaches, and future directions of these studies to improve the understanding of pharmacoresistance in MTLE+HS. However, it is important to point out that, as with other complex traits, pharmacoresistance to anti‐seizure medications is likely a multifactorial condition in which gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions play an important role. Thus, studies using multidimensional approaches are more likely to unravel these intricate biological processes.
Experimental evaluation of a practical methodology for assessing the seismic demand from acceleration‐sensitive secondary systems installed in R.C. buildings
Authors: Pardalopoulos Stylianos I. , Lekidis Vassilios A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe increased vulnerability against moderate and strong earthquake excitations of acceleration–sensitive secondary systems, serving many important functions within a structure, highlights the need for simple and dependable procedures for the determination of the seismic demand placed upon this category of systems. This study presents a methodology for estimating the peak absolute acceleration developing in acceleration–sensitive secondary systems installed in multistorey reinforced concrete buildings with a mass lower than 1% of the total mass of the supporting structure. The proposed methodology departs from the current state–of–practice on the design of secondary systems in that it uses the deformed shape of the supporting structure at the instant of its peak roof displacement for determining both the distribution and the magnitude of absolute accelerations developing at the installation points. The deformed shape of the supporting building is determined considering the prevalent failure modes of the load bearing components of the structure, applying both to new constructions and to constructions designed to past standards that fall short of modern practice. The methodology uses simple steps, easy to follow by practitioners. The accuracy of the presented methodology is demonstrated through comparison of the estimated seismic demand from acceleration–sensitive secondary systems with the recorded responses deriving from the network of accelerometers of an instrumented reinforced concrete building during a series of strong earthquake excitations.
Organic petrology and geochemistry of Early Permian shales from the Krishna‐Godavari Basin, India: Implications for Gondwana palaeoenvironment and climate
Authors: Kala Shubhangi , Devaraju Javaregowda , Tiwari Devleena Mani , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Lakhan Nongmaithem 
Published: September 2021

Lower Gondwana Kommugudem Formation of the Krishna‐Godavari (KG) Basin in the eastern coast of India records the deglaciation sequences of the Early Permian and is characterized by well‐preserved sandstone—shale—coal cyclothems. Kommugudem shales from six deep borewells of the KG Basin were studied for the organic petrological and geochemical compositions. The objective was to elucidate its source rock properties and depositional settings, which provide significant insights on the shifts in the Gondwanan palaeoenvironment and its climatic controls during the Early Permian. Maceral identification reveals the abundance of vitrinite that is distinctive to organic‐rich Permian Gondwana sediments. SiO2 enrichment with the dominance of quartz and clay minerals suggests moderate to strong weathering with palaeoclimate shift from cold, arid to hot, and semi‐arid during the Early Permian. The occurrence of higher short and mid‐chain alkanes with predominant n‐C18 and important biomarker ratios suggest a transitional fluvio‐marine environment of deposition, which is also supported by the enrichment of redox‐sensitive trace elements. Prevailing anoxia enhanced the preservation of organic matter, despite reduced primary productivity, as indicated by low P/Ti ratios. A depleted δ13Corg (mean = −21.55‰) in the shales, distinct to the interglacial period, reflects the changes in pCO2 of the Early Permian atmosphere. Sedimentary biomarkers, carbon isotopes, and trace elements explicate the palaeoceanographic conditions and sea‐level changes, indicative of marine influence in the dominantly fluvial regime. The deposition and preservation of organic‐rich sediments under anoxic (possibly euxinic) water‐column took place, forming the prolific Pre‐trappean Lower Gondwana Kommugudem source rock in the KG Basin.
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Authors: Wang Ruobing , Song Zhitang , Song Wenxiong , Xin Tianjiao , Lv Shilong , Song Sannian , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2021

A new phase change material designed by three matched octahedrons has robust thermal stability and enhanced electrical properties and can be used for three‐dimensional phase change memory. (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12233)
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Authors: Shan Lutong , Wang Yiren , Liang Shuquan , Tang Boya , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Ziqing , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang 
Published: September 2021

Authors reported the biphasic vanadate, i.e., Na1.2V3O8/K2V6O16·1.5H2O (designated as Na0.5K0.5VO), and detected the interfacial Adsorption‐Insertion mechanism induced by phase boundaries (DOI: 10.1002/inf2.12223).First‐principles calculations indicated that large amount of Zn2+ and H+ ions would be absorbed by the phase boundaries and most of them would insert into the host structure, which not only promote the specific capacity, but also effectively reduce diffusion energy barrier towards faster reaction kinetics. As a result, the aqueous Zn/Na0.5K0.5VO performs excellent rate capability as well as long‐term cycling performance, for example, a stable capacity of 267 mA h g‐1 after 800 cycles at 5 A g‐1 can be achieved.
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Bisphosphonate Use May Reduce the Risk of Urolithiasis in Astronauts on Long‐Term Spaceflights
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Matsumoto Toshio , Ohshima Hiroshi , Isomura Tatsuya , Koga Tadashi , Yasui Takahiro , Kohri Kenjiro , LeBlanc Adrian , Spector Elisabeth , Jones Jeffrey , Shackelford Linda , Sibonga Jean 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTLong‐duration spaceflight is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis, and the pain caused by urinary calculi could result in loss of human performance and mission objectives. The present study investigated the risk of urolithiasis in astronauts during 6 months on the International Space Station, and evaluated whether the suppression of bone resorption by the bisphosphonate, alendronate (ALN), can reduce the risk. A total of 17 astronauts were included into the analysis: exercise using the advanced resistive exercise device (ARED) plus weekly oral 70 mg alendronate (ARED+ALN group, n = 7) was compared to resistive exercise alone (ARED group, n = 10). Urine volume decreased in both groups during spaceflight but recovered after return. The ARED group showed increased urinary calcium excretion from the 15th to 30th day of spaceflight, whereas urinary calcium was slightly decreased in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary N‐terminal telopeptide (NTX) and helical peptide (HP) of type I collagen, as bone resorption markers, were elevated in the ARED group during and until 0 days after spaceflight, while there was no elevation in these parameters in the ARED+ALN group. Urinary oxalate and uric acid excretion tended to be higher in the ARED group than in the ARED+ALN group during spaceflight. These results demonstrate that astronauts on long‐duration spaceflights may be at high risk for the formation of urinary calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones through increased urinary excretion of oxalate and uric acid, from degraded type I collagen, as well as of calcium from enhanced bone resorption. Our findings suggest that increased bone resorption during spaceflight, as a risk factor for urinary calculus formation, could be effectively prevented by an inhibitor of bone resorption. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pharmacological inhibition of BAG3‐HSP70 with the proposed cancer therapeutic JG‐98 is toxic for cardiomyocytes
Authors: Martin Thomas G. , Delligatti Christine E. , Muntu Nitha Aima , Stachowski‐Doll Marisa J. , Kirk Jonathan A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe co‐chaperone Bcl2‐associated athanogene‐3 (BAG3) maintains cellular protein quality control through the regulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Cancer cells manipulate BAG3‐HSP70‐regulated pathways for tumor initiation and proliferation, which has led to the development of promising small molecule therapies, such as JG‐98, which inhibit the BAG3‐HSP70 interaction and mitigate tumor growth. However, it is not known how these broad therapies impact cardiomyocytes, where the BAG3‐HSP70 complex is a key regulator of protein turnover and contractility. Here, we show that JG‐98 exposure is toxic in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Using immunofluorescence microscopy to assess cell death, we found that apoptosis increased in NRVMs treated with JG‐98 doses as low as 10 nM. JG‐98 treatment also reduced autophagy flux and altered expression of BAG3 and several binding partners involved in BAG3‐dependent autophagy, including SYNPO2 and HSPB8. We next assessed protein half‐life with disruption of the BAG3‐HSP70 complex by treating with JG‐98 in the presence of cycloheximide and found BAG3, HSPB5, and HSPB8 half‐lives were reduced, indicating that complex formation with HSP70 is important for their stability. Next, we assessed sarcomere structure using super‐resolution microscopy and found that disrupting the interaction with HSP70 leads to sarcomere structural disintegration. To determine whether the effects of JG‐98 could be mitigated by pharmacological autophagy induction, we cotreated NRVMs with rapamycin, which partially reduced the extent of apoptosis and sarcomere disarray. Finally, we investigated whether the effects of JG‐98 extended to skeletal myocytes using C2C12 myotubes and found again increased apoptosis and reduced autophagic flux. Together, our data suggest that nonspecific targeting of the BAG3‐HSP70 complex to treat cancer may be detrimental for cardiac and skeletal myocytes.