bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die logopädische Therapie von Kindern mit einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung
Authors: Hackenberg Berit , Büttner Matthias , Große Lisa , Martin Evgenia , Cordier Dahlia , Matthias Christoph , Läßig Anne Katrin 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Im Dezember 2019 begann sich die COVID-19-Pandemie weltweit auszubreiten und sorgte für massive Einschränkungen im täglichen Leben. Viele Bildungseinrichtungen und logopädische Praxen wurden vorübergehend geschlossen (sog. Lockdown). Kinder mit einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung waren gezwungen, ihre Therapie zu pausieren. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu beschreiben, ob und wie die logopädische Therapie während des Lockdowns durchgeführt wurde und welche psychische Belastung für die betroffenen Eltern damit verbunden war.Material und Methoden Eltern von Kindern mit einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung wurden über die Therapie ihres Kindes während des Lockdowns und über ihre damit verbundenen Ängste und Sorgen befragt.Ergebnisse Bei 17 Patienten wurde die Sprachtherapie während des Lockdowns pausiert, während 20 Patienten ihre Therapie fortsetzen konnten. Kinder, die eine andere Sprache als Deutsch sprachen, hatten ein höheres Risiko, dass ihre Therapie pausiert wurde (Odds Ratio (OR) 5,11; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 1,09–32,54). Eltern, deren Kinder während des Lockdowns keine Sprachtherapie erhielten, machten sich mehr Sorgen um die Entwicklung ihres Kindes.Schlussfolgerungen Es gibt kein generelles Konzept, wie Logopädie während eines Lockdowns sicher durchgeführt werden kann. Mögliche Barrieren für die Gesundheitsversorgung könnten während der Pandemie stärker ausgeprägt sein. Die betroffenen Eltern erleben eine höhere psychosoziale Belastung.
Prognostic Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Solid Tumours on Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Sandra , Shenoy Anika , Shi Daniel , Husien Mootaz , Serrano Pablo E. , Parpia Sameer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy are susceptible to developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The most pertinent prognostic factors for VTE remain unclear. This systematic review aims to summarize prognostic factors associated with VTE in this population.
Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched for observational or randomized studies that used multivariable analysis adjusted for tumor type and/or metastatic disease to model the risk of VTE. Adjusted effect estimates for each prognostic factor were collected for all of the included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Factor Studies (QUIPS) tool.
Results From 5,988 search results, 15 eligible studies and 42 prognostic factors were identified. A total of 8,554 patients of whom 456 (5.33%) developed VTE were included. Fourteen studies had a high risk of bias and one study had a moderate risk. The most commonly reported prognostic factors include age, gender, tumor site, metastasis, performance status, and systemic therapy type. Poor performance status and the use of platinum-based chemotherapy compounds were associated with an increased risk of VTE across the majority of studies. The evidence to suggest that the other prognostic factors identified were associated with VTE development was inconclusive. Several individual studies identified novel biomarkers for VTE. Heterogeneity in statistical methods and prognostic factor definitions across studies precluded meta-analysis.
Conclusion Overall, many prognostic factors were identified; however, the evidence for association with development of VTE for most of the factors is inconclusive. Findings were limited by high heterogeneity and risk of bias in the included studies.
Radiation-Induced Tissue Damage: Clinical Consequences and Current Treatment Options
Authors: Nepon Hillary , Safran Tyler , Reece Edward M. , Murphy Amanda M. , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Davison Peter G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadiation therapy is a valuable tool in the treatment of numerous malignancies but, in certain cases, can also causes significant acute and chronic damage to noncancerous neighboring tissues. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of radiation-induced damage and the clinical implications it has for plastic surgeons across breast reconstruction, osteoradionecrosis, radiation-induced skin cancers, and wound healing. The current understanding of treatment modalities presented here include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, autologous fat grafting and stem cells, and pharmaceutical agents.
Comparison of Outcomes following Primary and Repeat Resection of Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Aabedi Alexander A. , Young Jacob S. , Phelps Ryan R. L. , Winkler Ethan A. , McDermott Michael W. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction The management of recurrent craniopharyngioma is complex with limited data to guide decision-making. Some reports suggest reoperation should be avoided due to an increased complication profile, while others have demonstrated that safe reoperation can be performed. For other types of skull base lesions, maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant therapy has replaced radical gross total resection due to the favorable morbidity profiles.
Methods Seventy-one patients underwent resection over a 9-year period for craniopharyngioma and were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into primary resection and reoperation cohorts and stratified by surgical approach (endonasal vs. cranial) and survival analyses were performed based on cohort and surgical approach.
Results Fifty patients underwent primary resection, while 21 underwent reoperation for recurrence. Fifty endonasal transsphenoidal surgeries and 21 craniotomies were performed. Surgical approaches were similarly distributed across cohorts. Subtotal resection was achieved in 83% of all cases. There were no differences in extent of resection, visual outcomes, subsequent neuroendocrine function, and complications across cohorts and surgical approaches. The median time to recurrence was 87 months overall, and there were no differences by cohort and approach. The 5-year survival rate was 81.1% after reoperation versus 93.2% after primary resection.
Conclusion Compared with primary resection, reoperation for craniopharyngioma recurrence is associated with similar functional and survival outcomes in light of individualized surgical approaches. Maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for residual tumor likely preserves vision and endocrine function without sacrificing overall patient survival.
Measurements of natCd(γ, x) reaction cross sections and isomer ratio of 115m,gCd with the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50 and 60 MeV *
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Rahman Md. Shakilur , Shahid Muhammad , Kim Guinyun , Naik Haladhara , Hien Nguyen Thi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The flux-weighted average cross sections of natCd(γ, xn)115g,m,111m,109,107,105,104Cd and natCd(γ, x)113g,112,111g,110mAg reactions were measured at the bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50 and 60 MeV. The activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique was carried out using the 100 MeV electron linear accelerator at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea. The natCd(γ, xn) reaction cross sections as a function of photon energy were theoretically calculated using the TALYS-1.95 and the EMPIRE-3.2 Malta codes. Then, the flux-weighted average cross sections were obtained from the theoretical values of mono-energetic photons. These values were compared with the flux-weighted values from the present study and were found to be in general agreement. The measured experimental reaction cross-sections and integral yields were described for cadmium and silver isotopes in the natCd(γ, xn)115g,m,111m,109,107,105,104Cd and natCd(γ, x)113g,112,111g,110mAg reactions. The isomeric yield ratio (IR) of 115g,mCd in the natCd(γ, xn) reaction was determined for the two bremsstrahlung end-point energies. The measured isomeric yield ratios of 115g,mCd in the natCd(γ, xn) reaction were also compared with the theoretical values of the nuclear model codes and previously published literature data of the 116Cd(γ, n) and 116Cd(n, 2n) reactions. It was found that the IR value increases with increasing projectile energy, which demonstrates the characteristic of excitation energy. However, the higher IR value of 115g,mCd in the 116Cd(n, 2n) reaction compared to that in the 116Cd(γ, n) reaction indicates the role of compound nuclear spin alongside excitation energy.
Microstructure and texture evolution with Sm addition in extruded Mg–Gd–Sm–Zr alloy
Authors: Bao Jian , Li Quanan , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Qian , Chen Ziyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We prepared as-extruded Mg-10Gd-xSm (x = 1, 3, 5)-0.5Zr alloys by indirect extrusion, and the microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-10Gd-xSm-0.5Zr alloys were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure, texture and strength of as-extruded Mg-10Gd-xSm-0.5Zr alloys take a great variation with Sm addition. Dynamic recrystallized grain size is decreased with increasing Sm content, and the average grain size rapidly reduced to 1.4 μm in as-extruded Mg-10Gd-5Sm-0.5Zr alloys due to abundant Mg5(Gd, Sm) and Mg41(Gd, Sm)5 precipitates and their pinning effect on grain boundaries. With an increasing Sm content, the texture has a significant variation. The fiber texture with 〈10-10〉 axis of Mg matrix parallel to extrusion direction (ED) in as-extruded Mg-10Gd-1Sm-0.5Zr alloy transformed into an abnormal texture with 〈0001〉 axis of Mg matrix parallel to ED in as-extruded Mg-10Gd-3Sm-0.5Zr alloy. The tensile yield strength and Brinell hardness gradually increase with Sm addition due to soild solution strengthening, refined grain boundaries strength and numerous precipitates strengthening. However, the as-extruded Mg-10Gd-5Sm-0.5Zr alloy exhibits the poor ductility due to stress concentration caused by abundant precipitates.
Household Air Pollution and Blood Pressure, Vascular Damage, and Subclinical Indicators of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Chinese Adults
Authors: Kanagasabai Thirumagal , Xie Wuxiang , Yan Li , Zhao Liancheng , Carter Ellison , Guo Dongshuang , Daskalopoulou Stella S , Chan Queenie , Elliott Paul , Ezzati Majid , Yang Xudong , Xie Gaoqiang , Kelly Frank , Wu Yangfeng , Baumgartner Jill 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Limited data suggest that household air pollution from cooking and heating with solid fuel (i.e., coal and biomass) stoves may contribute to the development of hypertension and vascular damage.

Methods
Using mixed-effects regression models, we investigated the associations of household air pollution with blood pressure (BP) and vascular function in 753 adults (ages 40–79 years) from 3 diverse provinces in China. We conducted repeated measures of participants’ household fuel use, personal exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5), BP, brachial–femoral pulse wave velocity (bfPWV), and augmentation index. Ultrasound images of the carotid arteries were obtained to assess intima–media thickness (CIMT) and plaques. Covariate information on sociodemographics, health behaviors, 24-h urinary sodium, and blood lipids was also obtained.

Results
Average estimated yearly personal exposure to PM2.5 was 97.5 µg/m3 (SD: 79.2; range: 3.5–1241), and 65% of participants cooked with solid fuel. In multivariable models, current solid fuel use was associated with higher systolic (2.4 mm Hg, 95% CI: −0.4, 4.9) and diastolic BP (1.4 mm Hg, 95% CI: −0.1, 3.0) and greater total area of plaques (1.7 mm2, 95% CI: −6.5, 9.8) compared with exclusive use of electricity or gas stoves. A 1 − ln(µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher systolic (1.5 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.2, 2.7) and diastolic BP (1.0 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.4, 1.7) and with greater CIMT (0.02 mm, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04) and total area of plaques (4.7 mm2, 95% CI: −2.0, 11.5). We did not find associations with arterial stiffness, except for a lower bfPWV (−1.5 m/s, 95% CI: −3.0, −0.0) among users of solid fuel heaters.

Conclusions
These findings add to limited evidence that household air pollution is associated with higher BP and with greater CIMT and total plaque area.
Exploring the Dynamics of Week-to-Week Blood Pressure in Nursing Home Residents Before Death
Authors: Graham Laura A , Lee Sei J , Steinman Michael A , Peralta Carmen A , Rubinsky Anna D , Jing Bocheng , Fung Kathy Z , Odden Michelle C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Aging is accompanied by an overall dysregulation of many dynamic physiologic processes including those related to blood pressure (BP). While year-to-year BP variability is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality, no studies have examined this trend with more frequent BP assessments. Our study objective is to take the next step to examine week-to-week BP dynamics—pattern, variability, and complexity—before death.

METHODS
Using a retrospective study design, we assessed BP dynamics in the 6 months before death in long-term nursing home residents between 1 October 2006 and 30 September 2017. Variability was characterized using SD and mean squared error after adjusting for diurnal variations. Complexity (i.e., amount of novel information in a trend) was examined using Shannon’s entropy (bits). Generalized linear models were used to examine factors associated with overall BP variability.

RESULTS
We identified 17,953 nursing home residents (98.0% male, 82.5% White, mean age 80.2 years, and mean BP 125.7/68.6 mm Hg). Despite a slight trend of decreasing systolic week-to-week BP over time (delta = 7.2 mm Hg), week-to-week complexity did not change in the 6 months before death (delta = 0.02 bits). Average weekly BP variability was stable until the last 3–4 weeks of life, at which point variability increased by 30% for both systolic and diastolic BP. Factors associated with BP variability include average weekly systolic/diastolic BP, days in the nursing home, days in the hospital, and changes to antihypertensive medications.

CONCLUSIONS
Week-to-week BP variability increases substantially in the last month of life, but complexity does not change. Changes in care patterns may drive the increase in BP variability as one approaches death.
Multicomponent Measurement of Respirable Quartz, Kaolinite and Coal Dust using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): A Comparison Between Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regressions
Authors: Stacey Peter , Clegg Francis , Sammon Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is potentially hazardous to the health of thousands of workers in Great Britain. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to measure RCS to assess exposures. The current method outlined in the Health and Safety Executive’s (HSE) Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance series is ‘MDHS 101 Crystalline silica in respirable airborne dust - Direct-on-filter analyses by infrared spectroscopy or x-ray’. This describes a procedure for the determination of time-weighted average concentrations of RCS either as quartz or cristobalite in airborne dust. FTIR is more commonly employed because it is less expensive, potentially portable and relatively easy to use. However, the FTIR analysis of RCS is affected by spectral interference from silicates. Chemometric techniques, known as Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR), are two computational processes that have the capability to remove spectral interference from FTIR spectra and correlate spectral features with constituent concentrations. These two common chemometric processes were tested on artificial mixtures of quartz and kaolinite in coal dust using the same commercially available software package. Calibration, validation and prediction samples were prepared by collecting aerosols of these dusts onto polyvinylchloride (PVC) filters using a Safety in Mines Personal Dust Sampler (SIMPEDS) respirable cyclone. PCR and PLSR analyses were compared when processing the same spectra. Good correlations between the target values, measured using XRD, were obtained for both the PCR and PLSR models e.g. 0.98–0.99 (quartz), 0.98–0.98 (kaolinite) and 0.96–0.97 (coal). The level of agreement between PCR and PLSR was within the 95% confidence value for each analyte. Slight differences observed between predicted PCR and PLSR values were due to the number of optimal principal components applied to each chemometric process. The presence of kaolinite in these samples caused an 18% overestimation of quartz, for the FTIR, when following MDHS 101 without a chemometric method. Chemometric methods are a useful approach to obtain interference-free results for the measurement of RCS from some workplace environments and to provide a multicomponent analysis to better characterise exposures of workers.
Brassinosteroids regulate petal spur length in Aquilegia by controlling cell elongation
Authors: Conway Stephanie J , Walcher-Chevillet Cristina L , Salome Barbour Kate , Kramer Elena M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Aquilegia produce elongated, three-dimensional petal spurs that fill with nectar to attract pollinators. Previous studies have shown that the diversity of spur length across the Aquilegia genus is a key innovation that is tightly linked with its recent and rapid diversification into new ranges, and that evolution of increased spur lengths is achieved via anisotropic cell elongation. Previous work identified a brassinosteroid response transcription factor as being enriched in the early developing spur cup. Brassinosteroids are known to be important for cell elongation, suggesting that brassinosteroid-mediated response may be an important regulator of spur elongation and potentially a driver of spur length diversity in Aquilegia. In this study, we investigated the role of brassinosteroids in the development of the Aquilegia coerulea petal spur.

Methods
We exogenously applied the biologically active brassinosteroid brassinolide to developing petal spurs to investigate spur growth under high hormone conditions. We used virus-induced gene silencing and gene expression experiments to understand the function of brassinosteroid-related transcription factors in A. coerulea petal spurs.

Key Results
We identified a total of three Aquilegia homologues of the BES1/BZR1 protein family and found that these genes are ubiquitously expressed in all floral tissues during development, yet, consistent with the previous RNAseq study, we found that two of these paralogues are enriched in early developing petals. Exogenously applied brassinosteroid increased petal spur length due to increased anisotropic cell elongation as well as cell division. We found that targeting of the AqBEH genes with virus-induced gene silencing resulted in shortened petals, a phenotype caused in part by a loss of cell anisotropy.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results support a role for brassinosteroids in anisotropic cell expansion in Aquilegia petal spurs and highlight the brassinosteroid pathway as a potential player in the diversification of petal spur length in Aquilegia.
CIndex: compressed indexes for fast retrieval of FASTQ files
Authors: Huo Hongwei , Liu Pengfei , Wang Chenhui , Jiang Hongbo , Vitter Jeffrey Scott 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMotivationUltrahigh-throughput next-generation sequencing instruments continue to generate vast amounts of genomic data. These data are generally stored in FASTQ format. Two important simultaneous goals are space-efficient compressed storage of the genomic data and fast query performance. Toward that end, we introduce compressed indexing to store and retrieve FASTQ files.ResultsWe propose a compressed index for FASTQ files called CIndex. CIndex uses the Burrows–Wheeler transform and the wavelet tree, combined with hybrid encoding, succinct data structures and tables REF and Rγ, to achieve minimal space usage and fast retrieval on the compressed FASTQ files. Experiments conducted over real publicly available datasets from various sequencing instruments demonstrate that our proposed index substantially outperforms existing state-of-the-art solutions. For count, locate and extract queries on reads, our method uses 2.7–41.66% points less space and provides a speedup of 70–167.16 times, 1.44–35.57 times and 1.3–55.4 times. For extracting records in FASTQ files, our method uses 2.86–14.88% points less space and provides a speedup of 3.13–20.1 times. CIndex has an additional advantage in that it can be readily adapted to work as a general-purpose text index; experiments show that it performs very well in practice.Availability and implementationThe software is available on Github: https://github.com/Hongweihuo-Lab/CIndex.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Variation in the rates of emergency surgery amongst emergency admissions to hospital for common acute conditions
Authors: Hutchings Andrew , Moler Zapata Silvia , O’Neill Stephen , Smart Neil , Cromwell David , Hinchliffe Robert , Grieve Richard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
This paper assesses variation in rates of emergency surgery (ES) amongst emergency admissions to hospital in patients with acute appendicitis, cholelithiasis, diverticular disease, abdominal wall hernia, and intestinal obstruction.

Methods
Records of emergency admissions between 1 April 2010 and 31 December 2019 for the five conditions were extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics for 136 acute National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England. Patients who had ES were identified using Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) procedure codes, selected by consensus of a clinical panel. The differences in ES rates according to patient characteristics, and unexplained variations across NHS trusts were estimated by multilevel logistic regression, adjusting for year of emergency admission, age, sex, ethnicity, diagnostic subcategories, index of multiple deprivation, number of co-morbidities, and frailty.

Results
The cohort sizes ranged from 107 325 (hernia) to 268 253 (appendicitis) patients, and the proportion of patients who received ES from 11.0 per cent (diverticular disease) to 92.3 per cent (appendicitis). Older patients were generally less likely to receive ES, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ES for those aged 75–79 versus those aged 45–49 years: 0.34 (appendicitis), 0.49 (cholelithiasis), 0.87 (hernia), and 0.91 (intestinal obstruction). Patients with diverticular disease aged 75–79 were more likely to receive ES than those aged 45–49 (OR 1.40). Variation in ES rates across NHS trusts remained after case mix adjustment and was greatest for cholelithiasis (trust median 18 per cent, 10th to 90th centile 7–35 per cent).

Conclusion
For patients presenting as emergency hospital admissions with common acute conditions, variation in ES rates between NHS trusts remained after adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics. Age was strongly associated with the likelihood of ES receipt for some procedures.