bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting cultivation and hunting across the savanna-forest mosaic in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela: facing changes
Authors: Stachowicz Izabela , Ferrer-Paris José R. , Sanchez-Mercado Ada 
Published: June 2021

Background
Human encroachment and overexploitation of natural resources in the Neotropics is constantly increasing. Indigenous communities all across the Amazon, are trapped between a population rise and a hot debate about the sustainability of hunting rates. The Garden Hunting hypothesis states that shifting cultivation schemes (conucos) used by Amazon indigenous communities may generate favorable conditions, increasing abundance of small and medium wildlife species close to the ‘gardens’ providing game for indigenous hunters.

Methods
Here, we combined camera trap surveys and spatially explicit interview dataset on Pemón indigenous hunting scope and occurrence in a mosaic of savanna and forest in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela to evaluate to what extent the wildlife resource use corresponds to Garden Hunting hypothesis. We applied the Royle–Nichols model and binomial regression in order to: (1) assess whether abundance of small and medium wildlife species is higher close to conucos and (2) evaluate whether hunters select hunting localities based on accessibility to wildlife resources (closeness to conuco) more than wildlife abundance.

Results
We find mixed evidence supporting the Garden Hunting hypothesis predictions. Abundance of small and medium species was high close to conucos but the pattern was not statistically significant for most of them. Pemón seem to hunt in locations dominated by forest, where species abundance was predicted to be higher, than in close vicinity to conucos. Hunting scope was focused on the most abundant species located close to the conuco (Cuniculus paca), but also in less abundant and unavailable species (Crax alector, Tapirus terrestris and Odocoileus virginianus).

Conclusions
Our research provided the first attempt of a systematic sampling survey in the Gran Sabana, generating a quantitative dataset that not only describes the current pattern of wildlife abundance, but sets the base-line to monitor temporal and spatial change in this region of highland Amazon. We discuss the applicability of the estimates generated as a baseline as well as, environmental challenges imposed by economic, social and cultural changes such as mining encroachment for wildlife management.
Use of Virtual Reality (VR) as an Audio-Visual Distraction Tool in the Reduction of Dental Anxiety during Local Anesthesia
Authors: Cheruvatoor Jalison Jacob , Kaini Lim , Hanafiah Mohamad Adib Bin Mohd Ali , Sihabubdin Muhammad Azizuddin Bin , Marla Vinay 
Published: June 2021

Aims: Dental anxiety is a relatively common problem and it leads to undesirable distresses, such as postponement or avoidance of dental treatment thereby resulting in poorer quality of treatment and reduced oral health related quality of life. Dental anxiety is especially seen in patients undergoing dental injections. To evaluate the effectiveness of audiovisual distraction in the reduction of dental anxiety during la injection.
Study design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: Patients visiting Penang International Dental College, Malaysia, between June 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: A total of 176 patients (88 female and 88 male) requiring endodontic therapy or tooth extraction were recruited for this study. A 14-question long questionnaire using Hamilton anxiety rating scale; and a separate feedback questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ anxiety level and the severity of anxiety symptoms. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: There was a significant reduction in the anxiety scores (p<0.001) of the patients following the use of VR distraction during the la procedure. On an average, the pre-test scores were 1.932 points higher than post-test scores.
Conclusion: Virtual reality could be used as a possible non-pharmacologic means of reducing dental anxiety in patients receiving local anesthesia.
Evaluation of the Bleeding Complications in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ansari Muhammad Kamran , Zardari Inayat Ali , Awan Shazia , Laghari Shahnawaz , Bhatti Naeem Karim , Baloch Maimoona , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of various sources of bleeding in laparoscopic cholecystectomy with special preference to gallbladder bed excluding port site.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was consisted of 163 patients admitted through the outpatient department from Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshah. Ultrasound of abdomen was done as diagnostic modality and for assessment of gallstone disease. Finally the cases of gallstone were operated through laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure and observed for sources of bleeding.
Results: Out of 163 patients included in this study 138(84.7%) were female and 25(15.3%) patients were male; with female to male ratio of 5.52:1. The mean age was 41.85±7.83 years. Common sources of bleeding in laparoscopic cholecystectomy from liver bed side were 44(27%) cases followed by cystic artery in 17(10.4%) cases, hepatic artery and mesenteric vessel in 1(0.6%) case was observed.
Conclusion: Bleeding during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are almost equally common and can prove to be lethal if not identified and managed during the operation. Good surgical technique, awareness and early recognition and management of such cases are keys to success when dealing with this problem.
Quantifying the inovation of cosmetic formulations that contains phenolic rich fruit extracts as fotoprotective bioactives
Authors: Mota Milleno Dantas , Chinalia Fábio Alexandre , Silva Lidércia Cavalcanti Ribeiro Cerqueira e 
Published: June 2021

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: sunscreen is a cosmetic used to protect human skin from the deleterious effects of UV radiation and thus minimize the risks of developing skin cancer. Extracts produced from fruits, such as Abiu, Guava, Rambutan and Grape, have significant concentrations of chromophores and phenolic substances that have the ability to absorb UV light and neutralize free radicals. The production of cosmetics from naturally occurring substances with such activities will be of great importance for Brazilian industry and could reduce the cost of production, given the large existing biodiversity in the country. <strong>Objectives</strong>: carry out a patent search for formulations and cosmetic products that contains phenolic rich fruit extracts as photoprotective and antioxidant bioactives. <strong>Methodology</strong>: a survey of patents was carried out in the database of the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) and the European Patent Office (EPO), covering a time period between 2008 and 2018, using a combination of keywords related to herbal cosmetics and sunscreens. <strong>Results</strong>: this research identifies a significant number of patents related to plant extract in association with sunscreen product, however, no patent filings were identified for cosmetic products containing extracts of the evaluated fruits, either alone or in combination, for photoprotective and antioxidant purposes. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: the Brazilian and international market for sun care products moves millions to billions of dollars annually and have a significant annual growth prospect. Considering the great biodiversity existing in the country, the production of cosmetics from naturally occurring substances with such activities will be of great importance for the Brazilian industrial sector.</p>
Avaliação de indicadores antropométricos de obesidade e a presença de comorbidades em participantes das ações do NASF do município de Candói, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Juraski Lefchak Fernando , Wendt Guilherme Welter , Vicentini Geraldo Emílio , Risso Pascotto Claudiceia 
Published: June 2021

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: alguns indicadores antropométricos se caracterizam por serem facilmente aplicados e amplamente utilizados para a avaliação da obesidade e distribuição da gordura corporal, constituindo um dos primeiros passos para identificar risco inicial à saúde. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: avaliar e identificar a frequência de obesidade geral e abdominal por meio de indicadores antropométricos e verificar a presença de comorbidades em indivíduos que participaram das reuniões educativas e atividades do NASF do Município de Candói, Paraná. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal, com aplicação de questionário para conhecer as comorbidades e caracterizar a amostra por meio da aferição de peso, estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC), além da determinação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e relação cintura-estatura (RCE). Nas análises de associação, utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado seguido do cálculo das razões de chance (RC). <strong>Resultados</strong>: a maior parte da amostra foi classificada como sobrepeso/obesidade (69,2%), com base no IMC, e apresentou elevados índices de obesidade abdominal pela CC e RCE. Os valores de CC aumentados foram observados em 83,01% dos pacientes. Em relação a RCE, o valor adequado foi verificado em apenas 14,5% dos participantes. As associações entre os índices antropométricos e as demais variáveis mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em relação à idade dos participantes, revelando maior frequência de RCE aumentada em pacientes com 60 anos ou mais (RC = 8,53, p = 0,01). Dentre as comorbidades, o destaque foi a presença da hipertensão arterial sistêmica. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: além das elevadas frequências de obesidade geral, obesidade abdominal e da presença de comorbidades, como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, a RCE foi o índice antropométrico capaz de sugerir risco cardiometabólico aumentado em idosos. Neste sentido, este estudo mostra a capacidade de caracterizar os usuários do sistema público de saúde com potencial para o desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular através do uso de ferramentas antropométricas de baixo custo, e assim, poder dar suporte para ações corretivas a nível de políticas públicas municipais.</p>
ANÁLISE DA SUSCETIBILIDADE E VULNERABILIDADE À EROSÃO HÍDRICA PELO PROCESSO ANALÍTICO HIERÁRQUICO (AHP)
Authors: Santos Marianne Silva , Nascimento Paulo Sérgio De Rezende 
Published: June 2021

<p>A determinação da potencialidade à erosão hídrica é o ponto de partida para minimizar os processos de degradação do solo e a perda da biodiversidade. As geotecnologias apresentam-se como ferramentas de suporte no diagnóstico e prognóstico ambiental, a partir da análise espacial dos processos erosivos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a análise multicriterial para determinar a suscetibilidade e vulnerabilidade à erosão hídrica da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco no estado de Sergipe. O principal procedimento empregado foi o Processo Analítico Hierárquico (AHP), cujos critérios utilizados foram: erodibilidade, erosividade, hipsometria, declividade e cobertura do solo. Os resultados obtidos foram um aumento expressivo das áreas que apresentaram suscetibilidade erosiva moderadamente baixa, moderadamente alta e alta. Por outro lado, as áreas com vulnerabilidade erosiva muito baixa e baixa foram maiores do que as áreas suscetíveis à erosão. Foi possível concluir que a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco apresentou, predominantemente, baixo potencial à vulnerabilidade erosiva em função das práticas adequadas de manejo nas áreas de pastagens. Entretanto, é fundamental a recomposição da vegetação ciliar e o reflorestamento dos biomas Caatinga e Mata Atlântica, visto que houve uma perda significativa da vegetação nativa.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Erosão do solo; conservação do solo; sistema de manejo do pastejo.</p><p> </p><p align="center">ANALYSIS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AND VULNERABILITY TO WATER EROSION BY ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Determining the potential for water erosion is the starting point for minimizing soil degradation processes and loss of biodiversity. Geotechnologies are presented as support tools in environmental diagnosis and prognosis based on the spatial analysis of erosive processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to apply multicriterial analysis to determine the susceptibility and vulnerability to water erosion in the São Francisco River Basin in the state of Sergipe. The main procedure used was the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), whose criteria used were erodibility, erosivity, hypsometry, slope and soil cover. The results obtained were a significant increase in areas that presented moderately low, moderately high and high erosive susceptibility. In opposition, areas with very low and low erosive vulnerability were greater than areas susceptible to erosion. It was possible to conclude that the São Francisco River Basin presented, predominantly, low potential to erosive vulnerability due to the adequate management practices in the pasture areas. However, the restoration of riparian vegetation and the reforestation of the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes are essential, since there was a significant loss of native vegetation.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Soil erosion; soil conservation; grazing management system.</p>
DESEMPENHO RODOVIÁRIO LABORATORIAL DO RESÍDUO DE MINERAÇÃO DE MANGANÊS DE LICÍNIO DE ALMEIDA - BA QUANDO MISTURADO COM A BRITA 1
Authors: Carvalho Glauber Miranda de , Viana Hélio Marcos Fernandes , Rodrigues Rubem Xerxes Trindade , Rocha João Paulo Freire , Rodrigues Junior Gilson 
Published: June 2021

<p>O presente trabalho avaliou o comportamento do CBR, na energia intermediária de Proctor, quando são adicionadas porcentagens de 30%, 50% e 75% de brita 1, em massa, ao rejeito de manganês que foi coletado na região do município de Licínio de Almeida. O objetivo foi encontrar uma mistura que atendesse satisfatoriamente aos requisitos do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT) estabelecidos em 2006 para construção de base de pavimentos rodoviários. Os ensaios laboratoriais realizados na energia intermediária de Proctor verificaram a eficiência de cada uma das misturas a partir dos valores de CBR e de sua expansão observados. Com base nos modelos estatísticos desenvolvidos, este trabalho constatou que uma mistura de rejeito de manganês-brita 1, com apenas 39,5% de teor de brita 1, em massa, atende às referidas exigências. A conclusão do trabalho destaca que a adição de um baixo teor de brita 1, em massa, ao rejeito de manganês torna real a possibilidade de obter dois benefícios: combater um problema ambiental e viabilizar de forma altamente qualitativa a construção da base, que é uma das mais importantes camadas do pavimento rodoviário.</p><p align="left"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Pavimento; Rejeitos; Manganês; Meio Ambiente</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="center">LABORATORY ROAD PERFORMANCE OF LICÍNIO DE ALMEIDA (BA) MANGANESE MINING WASTE, WHEN MIXED WITH BRITA 1<em></em></p><p align="left"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This work aimed to use statistical modeling based on mixtures of materials, type of manganese tailings-crushed stone 1 to find a mixture that satisfactorily met the requirements of the DNIT (National Department of Transport Infrastructure) for the construction of a road pavement base. The crushed stone composed the studied mixtures in the contents of 30%, 50% and 75% by mass. Manganese tailings were classified as silty-sand soil (A-4 from TRB, SM from USCS and NA from MCT); Thus, the CBR behavior was evaluated that takes basis on the efficiency of each of the mixture for the intermediate energy of Proctor. Furthermore, based on developed statistical models, it was found that a mixture of manganese-crushed stone 1, with only 39.5% of gravel content, by mass, it was possible to meet the requirements of the DNIT (2006) for base construction of road pavements. Finally, with the addition of a low content of crushed stone 1, in mass, to the manganese tailings, the possibility of obtaining two benefits is real: to combat an environmental problem and to make possible the construction of the base, which is one of the most important road pavement layers.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Pavement; Tailings; Manganese; Environment </p>
ESTUDO DA VARIABILIDADE PLUVIOMÉTRICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL NA MICRORREGIÃO DE SOUSA, PARAÍBA
Authors: Do Nascimento Maxsuel Bezerra , Santos Gustavo Fernando , Silva Tássio Jordan Rodrigues Dantas da , Silva Linaldo Freire , Medeiros José Ludemario da Silva , Araújo Lincoln Eloi de 
Published: June 2021

<div class="WordSection1"><p>O Nordeste Brasileiro é uma das regiões mais problemáticas no que se refere à disponibilidade de água, portanto, se tem necessidade de atentar a práticas e métodos para desenvolvimento dessa região, visto que as condições climáticas, a hidrologia e sua vegetação são de extrema importância para compreender como esse ambiente se forma. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é verificar e avaliar a variabilidade climática da microrregião de Sousa, através da análise espaço-temporal mensal e anual da sua precipitação, identificando-se, assim, os períodos secos e chuvosos da área estudada com o auxílio do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC). Os dados pluviométricos utilizados na pesquisa correspondem às séries mensais de precipitação no período de 1994 a 2017 fornecidos pela AESA, para a avaliação temporal, espacial e para o cálculo do Índice de Anomalia de Chuva (IAC). A microrregião de Sousa apresenta dois períodos distintos, um período de cinco meses chuvosos e outro com sete meses secos. A distribuição espacial da precipitação da microrregião possui áreas bem distintas, onde a maior concentração de precipitação se localiza na parte sudoeste, em contrapartida, a região noroeste e em um ponto na parte central apresentaram valores baixos de precipitação.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Períodos Secos, Períodos Chuvosos e Índice de Anomalia de Chuva.</p><p> </p><p align="center">STUDY OF SPACE-TIME PLUVIOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN THE SOUSA MICROREGION, PARAÍBA</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The Brazilian Northeast is one of the most problematic regions in terms of water availability. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the practices and methods for the development of this region, since climatic conditions, hydrology and vegetation are of extreme importance to understand how this environment is formed. The main objective of this work is to verify and evaluate the climatic variability of the Sousa microregion, through the monthly and annual space-time analysis of its precipitation, thus identifying the dry and rainy periods of the studied area with the aid of the Anomaly Index Rainfall (IAC). The rainfall data used in the research correspond to the monthly rainfall series from 1994 to 2017 provided by the EFSA for the temporal and spatial evaluation and for the calculation of the Rainfall Anomaly Index (IAC). The Sousa microregion has two distinct periods, one period of five rainy months and the other with seven dry months. This work has a relevance in the area of ecology, which through the results help to collaborate with the development of the microregion, which through its managers dominate the knowledge of the stations pointed to abundance and water scarcity for the anthropic activities.</p><p><strong>Key-words: </strong>Dry Periods, Rainy Periods, and Rain Anomaly Index.</p></div>
Iron biomineral growth from the initial nucleation seed in L‐ferritin
Authors: Ciambellotti Silvia , Pozzi Cecilia , Mangani Stefano , Turano Paola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The iron biomineral formation process starting at the human L‐ferritin internal surface has been elucidated by X‐ray crystallography, diffusing a ferric salt into protein crystals followed by flash freezing. X‐ray structures reveal the growth of an octanuclear metallocluster arising from a trinuclear ferric cluster assisted by a patch of glutamates facing the internal protein cavity. These residues, Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64, have been previously identified as the HuLf nucleation site. Instead, the human L‐ferritin triple variant E60AE61AE64A, produced substituting the three key glutamates with alanines, is unable to assist the formation of the initial metallocluster, preventing the development of clusters of higher nuclearity and consequently slowing down the biomineralization mechanism.
Li+ Ion Induced Full Visible Emission in Single Eu2+‐Doped White Emitting Phosphor: Eu2+ Site Preference Analysis, Luminescence Properties, and WLED Applications
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Xiangting , Zheng Baofeng , Sun Qi , Zheng Zhibo , Shi Zhan , Song Yanhua , Zou Haifeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA series of Eu2+ single doped Ca9Na1–xLixSc0.667(PO4)7 phosphors with full‐spectrum emission have been synthesized. Under the 385 nm excitation, the Eu2+ single doped Ca9NaSc0.667(PO4)7 without Li+ doping displays a broad cold white light emission with the peaks at about 480 and 610 nm. With the introduction of Li+ ions, the Eu2+ ions selectively occupy the Ca1, Ca2/Ca3, and Na sites. The variation of local environment of Eu2+ ions caused by Li+ ions enhances the luminous intensity, solves the problem of the lack of a red light component, and realizes the emission color tuning from cold white via warm white to orange. A special charge compensation method caused by Li+ migration avoids the generation of defects and is beneficial to the improvement of luminescence properties. Eventually, a warm white light‐emitting diode device is prepared by combining the white emitting Ca9Na0.8Li0.2Sc0.667(PO4)7:2%Eu2+ phosphors with 385 nm LED chip, which exhibits a high color‐rendering of 92.9, low correlated color temperatures of 4529 K, and excellent color stability under working temperature. The as‐reported warm white emitting Eu2+‐doped phosphors have potential applications in full‐spectrum solid‐state lighting. The site engineering strategy provides an extensive guide for optimizing and designing novel single‐composition white‐emitting phosphor materials.
Solution‐Processed Monolithic CH3NH3PbI3/PbI2 Vertical Heterostructure for High‐Performance Flexible and Broadband Photodetector
Authors: Xiao Han , Liang Tao , Xu Jing , Xu Mingsheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D semiconductors are attracting increasing interest owing to their promising applications in high‐performance photodetection. However, the spectral response window is dictated by their intrinsic bandgaps, which is typically narrow and severely hinders their applications as broadband photodetectors. Herein, taking advantage of the outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite and 2D materials, a monolithic 2D CH3NH3PbI3/PbI2 vertical heterostructure is synthesized via a facile two‐step solution method at room temperature, and flexible photodetectors based on the CH3NH3PbI3/PbI2 heterostructures are constructed. The photodetectors with excellent flexibility and stability exhibit light response under various laser wavelengths from 375 to 1342 nm. In particular, the photodetector shows a current on/off ratio of ≈103, a high detectivity up to 1.66 × 1012 Jones, a responsivity of 4.79 A W−1, and a response speed of 16 ms under 375 nm illumination. This work provides a facile route to 2D vertical semiconducting heterostructures, which is promising for application in high‐performance integrated optoelectronics.