bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-performance TE modulator/TM-pass polarizer using selective mode shaping in a VO2-based side-polished fiber
Authors: Heidari Mohsen , Faramarzi Vahid , Sharifi Zohreh , Hashemi Mahdieh , Bahadori-Haghighi Shahram , Janjan Babak , Abbott Derek 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The reversible insulating-to-conducting phase transition (ICPT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it a versatile candidate for the implementation of integrated optical devices. In this paper, a bi-functional in-line optical device based on a four-layer stack of PMMA/graphene/VO2/graphene deposited on a side-polished fiber (SPF) is proposed. The structure can be employed as an ultra-compact TE modulator or a TM-pass polarizer, operating at 1.55 μm. We show that the ICPT characteristic can be used for polarization-selective mode shaping (PSMS) to manipulate orthogonal modes separately. On the one hand, as an optical modulator, the PSMS is used to modify mode profiles so that the TE mode attenuation is maximized in the off-state (and IL is minimized in the on-state), while the power carried by the TM mode remains unchanged. As a result, a TE modulator with an ultrahigh extinction ratio (ER) of about ER = 165 dB/mm and a very low insertion loss (IL) of IL = 2.3 dB/mm is achieved. On the other hand, the structure can act as a TM-pass polarizer featuring an extremely high polarization extinction ratio (PER) of about PER = 164 dB/mm and a low TM insertion of IL = 3.86 dB/mm. The three-dimensional heat transfer calculation for the ICPT process reveals that the response time of the modulator is in the order of few nanoseconds. Moreover, the required bias voltage of the proposed device is calculated to be as low as 1.1 V. The presented results are promising a key step towards the realization of an integrated high-performance in-line modulator/polarizer.
Exploiting space-time duality in the synthesis of impedance transformers via temporal metamaterials
Authors: Castaldi Giuseppe , Pacheco-Peña Victor , Moccia Massimo , Engheta Nader , Galdi Vincenzo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Multisection quarter-wave impedance transformers are widely applied in microwave engineering and optics to attain impedance-matching networks and antireflection coatings. These structures are mostly designed in the spatial domain (time harmonic) by using geometries of different materials. Here, we exploit such concepts in the time domain by using time-varying metamaterials. We derive a formal analogy between the spectral responses of these structures and their temporal analogs, i.e., time-varying stepped refractive-index profiles. We show that such space-time duality grants access to the vast arsenal of synthesis approaches available in microwave engineering and optics. This allows, for instance, the synthesis of temporal impedance transformers for broadband impedance matching with maximally flat or equi-ripple responses, which extend and generalize the recently proposed quarter-wave design as an antireflection temporal coating. Our results, validated via full-wave numerical simulations, provide new insights and deeper understanding of the wave dynamics in time-varying media, and may find important applications in space-time metastructures for broadband frequency conversion and analog signal processing.
Europäische Ordnungspolitik im Wettbewerb mit China
Authors: Bardt Hubertus , Matthes Jürgen 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Transformation der chinesischen Planwirtschaft seit der Öffnung 1978 hat zu erheblichem Wohlstand, einer umfassenden Modernisierung und einer global wettbewerbsfähigen, teilweise führenden Wirtschaft geführt. Mit dem Beitritt zur WTO hat sich China weiter in die marktwirtschaftlich geprägte Weltwirtschaft integriert. Dennoch hat sich die chinesische Wirtschaftsordnung nicht zu einer Marktwirtschaft westlicher Prägung entwickelt, sondern mit dem Staatskapitalismus eine eigene Form jenseits von Markt- und Planwirtschaften etabliert. Die daraus resultierenden unterschiedlichen Verhaltensweisen (z. B. staatliche Eingriffe, Subventionen, Technologietransfer) können zu Wettbewerbsverzerrungen auf internationalen Märkten führen. Durch das wirtschaftliche Gewicht Chinas, haben diese Wettbewerbsverzerrungen erhebliche Relevanz gewonnen. Die Europäische Union kann auf der Ebene der Handels-, Wettbewerbs- und Investitionspolitik agieren, um Verzerrungen entgegenzutreten und den Wettbewerb zu möglichst gleichen Bedingungen zu stärken.
Entscheidungspraxis des Bundeskartellamts im Bereich der Bundesliga-Übertragungsrechte
Authors: Dewenter Ralf , Klein Gordon J. 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Entscheidung des Bundeskartellamts, ein sogenanntes Alleinerwerbsverbot für Bundesligaübertragungsrechte zu implementieren, kritisch beleuchtet. Wir argumentieren vor dem Hintergrund der wettbewerbsökonomischen Literatur zu vertikalen Beschränkungen, dass die Möglichkeiten potenzielle Wettbewerbsprobleme auf diese Weise zu lösen, sehr begrenzt sind. Stattdessen zeigt unsere Analyse auf, dass die Auflagen des Bundeskartellamts eine wohlfahrtsschädliche Wirkung haben. Die Entscheidung über die Einführung eines Alleinerwerbsverbots hätte in jedem Fall jedoch eine dezidierte Marktabgrenzung und Wettbewerbsanalyse erfordert.
Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles and some stereoselective reactions
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Singh Arvind , Kaur Gurpreet 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker’s yeast, has gained significant importance as a mild, low-cost, environmentally benign biocatalyst. Initially it was mostly employed as an efficient catalyst for the enantioselective reduction of carbonyl compounds. Over the last decade, baker’s yeast has found versatile catalytic applications in various organic transformations. Many multicomponent reactions were also catalyzed by baker’s yeast. Various heterocyclic scaffolds with immense biological activities were synthesized by employing baker’s yeast as catalyst at room temperature. In this communication, we have summarized baker’s yeast catalyzed various organic transformations focusing primarily on heterocyclic synthesis.
Radiation attenuation properties of B2O3-ZnO-Al2O3-Bi2O3-Sm2O3 glasses
Authors: Eke Canel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine theoretically radiation absorption properties of zinc alumino bismuth borate (BZnAlBiSm) glasses with chemical formula 60B2O3-9ZnO-(30-x)Al2O3-xBi2O3-1Sm2O3 where x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%. The linear and mass attenuation coefficents of BZnAlBiSm glasses turn out as this trend BZnAlBiSm-1<BZnAlBiSm-2<BZnAlBiSm-3<BZnAlBiSm-4. The BZnAlBiSm-4 with the smallest half value layers, tenth value layers and mean free paths in the examined energy ranges has the superior radiation shielding characteristics among the BZnAlBiSm glasses. The BZnAlBiSm-4 glass has the highest radiation protection efficiency among the BZnAlBiSm glasses. The transmission factors increase as photon energy range enhances from 0.015 to 15 MeV and thickness declines from 2.5 to 0.5 cm. The energy buildup factors and energy absorption buildup factors of BZnAlBiSm glasses reduce from 15 to 1 mfp. Variation of the effective atomic number and effective electron density as a function of photon energy for BZnAlBiSm glasses are similar. The projected ranges of electron, proton, alpha and carbon for the BZnAlBiSm glasses increase as photon energy enlarges. The fast neutron removal cross sections of the BZnAlBiSm glasses vary in order of BZnAlBiSm-4<BZnAlBiSm-3<BZnAlBiSm-2<BZnAlBiSm-1. Thus, it can be concluded that BZnAlBiSm-1 has the highest neutron absorption ability among the BZnAlBiSm glasses.
Corona-Komposita und ‚Corona‘-Konzepte in der Medienberichterstattung in Standardsprache und in Leichter Sprache
Authors: Fuchs Julia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
First linguistic studies have paid attention to the influence of the current corona pandemic on language use in the German media coverage. They have revealed, amongst other things, that compounds beginning with corona are very productive and frequent. Against this background, the questions arise how frequent these compounds de facto are, what their morphological and graphematic characteristics look like, which second constituents can be observed, which semantic relations between the constituents exist and what their referents are. However, not only people being able to read texts in standard language need information concerning the pandemic; individuals lacking this capacity also need to know which rules apply to public life and social interaction. Therefore, information on the corona pandemic is also available in German Easy Language. But translators are faced with several dilemmas regarding the translation of compounds into Easy Language. It is thus an open question whether compounds beginning with corona, recently observed in the media coverage in standard language, also occur in the media coverage in Easy Language and, if present, what their characteristics are in comparison to the relevant compounds in standard language. An additional question is how the referents of compounds beginning with corona in standard language are designated in Easy Language in those cases where no comparable compound beginning with corona is used for this purpose. The present study uses a corpus linguistic approach to address these questions.
Die Verantwortlichkeit des Geschäftsleiters für Datenschutzverstöße
Authors: Schmitt Florian 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung

Unternehmen müssen im Rahmen ihrer Geschäftstätigkeit regelkonformes Verhalten sicherstellen und nicht zuletzt die Vorgaben des Datenschutzrechts, insbesondere jene der noch jungen Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO), einhalten. Im Innenverhältnis fällt es in die Verantwortlichkeit des Geschäftsleiters (des Vorstands der AG bzw. des Geschäftsführers der GmbH), für eine ordnungsgemäße Compliance-Organisation im Unternehmen zu sorgen. Diese hat sich auch auf das Datenschutzrecht zu erstrecken. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob ein Verstoß gegen datenschutzrechtliche Vorschriften – jenseits der Haftung des Unternehmens und über die Innenhaftung des Geschäftsleiters wegen Verletzung seiner Compliance-Verantwortung hinaus (§ 93 Abs. 2 AktG, § 43 Abs. 2 GmbHG) – zu einer Außenhaftung des Geschäftsleiters gegenüber Dritten führen kann. Zudem untersucht er, ob die Verhängung einer Geldbuße gegen den Geschäftsleiter möglich ist und ob die Gesellschaft den Geschäftsleiter im Hinblick auf eine gegen sie verhängte Geldbuße in Regress nehmen kann.
Gemeinschaftliche Gesamtvermögenshaftung
Authors: Thomale Chris 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung

Zur Besprechung gelangen zwei Urteile, in denen der BGH implizit entschieden hat, dass die in §§ 128, 171 HGB angeordnete Außenhaftung der Personengesellschafter infolge teleologischer Reduktion eine bedeutende Ausnahme erfährt: Sie soll sich nicht auf solche Gesellschaftsschulden erstrecken, die erst während des Insolvenzverfahrens der KG entstanden sind, sofern deren Rechtsgrundlage nicht bereits vor Verfahrenseröffnung begründet war. Die vorliegende Rezension kritisert diese Rechtsfortbildung: §§ 128, 171 HGB lassen weder in diesem noch in anderen prominent diskutierten Fällen eine teleologische Reduktion zu.
Abnormal body composition in patients with adrenal adenomas
Authors: Delivanis Danae A , Hurtado Andrade Maria D , Cortes Tiffany , Athimulam Shobana , Khanna Aakanksha , Atkinson Elizabeth , McKenzie Travis , Takahashi Naoki , Moynagh Michael R , Bancos Irina 
Published: August 2021

Objective
Increased visceral fat and sarcopenia are cardiovascular risk factors that may explain increased cardiovascular morbidity and frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas. Our objective was to compare body composition measurement of patients with adrenal adenomas to referent subjects without adrenal disease.

Design
Cross-sectional study, 2014–2018.

Methods
Participants were adults with nonfunctioning adrenal tumor (NFAT), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), and Cushing syndrome (CS) and age, sex, and BMI 1:1 matched referent subjects without adrenal disorders. Main outcome measures were body composition measurements calculated from abdominal CT imaging. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue and muscle mass measurements were performed at the third lumbar spine level.

Results
Of 227 patients with adrenal adenomas, 20 were diagnosed with CS, 76 with MACS, and 131 with NFAT. Median age was 56 years (range: 18–89), and 67% were women. When compared to referent subjects, patients with CS, MACS, and NFAT demonstrated a higher visceral fat (odds ratio (OR): 2.2 (95% CI: 0.9–6.5), 2.0 (1.3–3.2), and 1.8 (1.2–2.7) and a lower skeletal muscle area (OR: 0.01 (95% CI: 0–0.09), 0.31 (0.18–0.49), and 0.3 (1.2–2.7)) respectively. For every 1 µg/dL cortisol increase after overnight dexamethasone, visceral fat/muscle area ratio increased by 2.3 (P = 0.02) and mean total skeletal muscle area decreased by 2.2 cm2 (P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Patients with adrenal adenomas demonstrate a lower muscle mass and a higher proportion of visceral fat when compared to referent subjects, including patients with NFAT. Even a subtle abnormality in cortisol secretion may impact health of patients with adenomas.
Vocabulary of Catullus’ Poems Hapax Legomena as Vulgar Words
Authors: Adamik Tamás 
Published: August 2021

Summary“There are 150 words in Catullus which occur once only in his writings, and of these more than 70 per cent are rare in the whole of Latin literature, and more than 90 per cent do not occur in Vergil at all” – writes J. Whatmough in his work Poetic, Scientific, and other Forms of Discourse, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1956, 41. It is necessary to distinguish between genuine and apparent once-words. The true once-word is a coinage that never recurs; the number of the true once-words is exceedingly small. Catullus’ once-words were well known, but not in writing. Theoretically one would expect such words to be polysyllabic; so are the comic jawbreakers of Aristophanes which fit the pattern of his verse so well. The hapax legomena of Catullus are not genuine once-words of the spoken language, but they are vulgar and in some contexte obscene. We can, therefore, regard them as taboo words. They occur sometimes in similes; cf. Poems 17, 23, 25, 97. In my paper I would like to analyse some vulgar hapax legomena of Catullus.
Prevalence of head and neck Myofascial Pain Syndrome in a South American population
Authors: Giraldo Rivera Olga Lucía 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To diagnose the prevalence of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) with respect to sex, age, affected muscle, socioeconomic stratum, occupation and associated symptoms.
Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 220 outpatients who attended the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad de Antioquia Medellín-Colombia, between September 30th, 2015 and September 7th, 2017. Interventions: not applicable. Main measure of results: Myofascial Pain Syndrome.
Results: 26.4% of our sample presented symtoms of MPS. More women than men were found to have MPS. The number of cases decreases with age. The most affected muscle is the trapezium, followed by the temporalis, and there are no significant differences in terms of socioeconomic stratum and occupation. The most frequently reported associated symptom is neck pain.
Conclusion: Because there is such a high prevalence, and on a global scale, we believe it is important to establish effective means of diagnosis and adequate measures for the prevention and treatment of this pathology.
Simulación de la microdeformación ósea de bruxismo en implante dental anterior
Authors: Sánchez Santamaría Ana María , Castaño Posada Ana Catalina , Latorre Correa Federico , Villarraga Ossa Junes Abdul , Diosa Peña Juan Gustavo , Giraldo Gómez Samuel David 
Published: August 2021

Introducción: el propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar la microdeformación ósea del bruxismo con implantes dentales por medio del método de análisis de elementos finitos (FEA).
Materiales y métodos: se modeló un (1) implante Tapered Screw-Vent® (ref. TSVB10 Zimmer Dental) de 13mm de longitud x 3.7mm de diámetro con una plataforma de 3.5 mm, un pilar en Zirconio, un tornillo, agente cementante cemento de resina, una corona cerámica monolítica de un incisivo central superior, hueso cortical y hueso esponjoso, utilizando el Software CAD de Solid Works 2010 (SolidWorks Corp., Concord, MA, USA), y posteriormente se procesó y se analizó a través del Software ANSYS versión 14. Se evaluaron los esfuerzos von Mises y microdeformación ósea (µstrain), aplicando esfuerzos en sentido oblicuo con magnitudes de 200N y 800N. Este análisis permitió evaluar y comparar la (µstrain), tanto en el hueso cortical como en el hueso esponjoso en dos magnitudes 200N Y 800N.
Resultados: cada uno de los elementos de la estructura modelada (corona, pilar, tornillo, implante, hueso cortical y esponjoso) sometida al incremento de esfuerzos, presentó valores von Mises y µstrain particulares con un comportamiento lineal. Al someter la estructura modelada a esfuerzos de 200N y 800N, ninguno de los componentes sufrió deformaciones permanentes, es decir, no se superó el límite de fluencia.
Conclusión: de acuerdo al comportamiento mecánico de la estructura modelada en magnitudes de 800N, es posible la utilización de un implante dental en un incisivo central superior, debido a que las fuerzas parafuncionales generadas por el bruxismo no son superiores a las presentadas en la estructura modelada, en consecuencia, no generan deformaciones permanentes en el hueso.
Statistical Correlation of Seismicity and Geodetic Strain Rate in the Chinese Mainland
Authors: Wu Yanqiang , Jiang Zaisen , Pang Yajin , Chen Changyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe correlation between seismicity and crustal deformation is investigated by introducing the earthquake catalogs from 1900 to 2019 and the Global Positioning System (GPS) strain rate during 1999–2007 in the Chinese mainland. The primary results show that (1) about 76.9% of earthquakes with M&gt;6.5 since 1900 and 74.7% of events with M&gt;5.5 between 1970 and 2019, occur in 30% of the region with high-strain rate; (2) the statistics of earthquakes greater than M 5.0 since 1990 show when temporally approaching to the time period of GPS observation, more earthquakes concentrated in the region with high-strain rate. In details, in a 9 yr statistics window, the ratio of cumulative seismicity that occurred in 30% of the high-strain rate regions from 2008 to 2017 is about 16.1%–20.7% lower than those in the previous two periods. Meanwhile, in a 4 yr statistics window, the ratios of cumulative seismicity that occurred in 30% of the high-strain rate regions in the periods of 2011–2015 and 2015–2019 are lower than other five periods by about 9.6%–31.2%. These periodic statistics show that high-strain rate matches well with the historical earthquakes (M≥5.0) than the future earthquake events. In general, the 9 yr GPS observations correspond well to the historical seismicity in the Chinese mainland, but the predicted effect for the future moderate earthquakes is not as good as that of the retrospective test.
The Economic Foundation of Library Copyright Strategies in Europe
Authors: Vitiello Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

The author critically examines the evolution of open access libraries from the TULIP project (1991) to more recent developments. At the same time, he emphasises the role of libraries as key agents of national book policies through Public Lending Rights. After having shown the difference between the scholarly communication and the book chains, both in printed and digital form, the author points to the position that libraries hold on the distribution segment of the chains and how they are unable to turn power relations among actors to their own advantage.
If content if king, organisations distributing content are normally king-makers, as the example of STM publishers clearly shows. Nevertheless, fragmentation and the assumption that what is good for libraries is also good for users do not allow libraries to understand the needs of the different stakeholders present in the value chain and provide appropriate services to them. This aspect is emphasised further in the book trade, where libraries have been hesitant in realising the economic foundation of copyright regulations which consists of trading off “the costs of limiting access to a work against the benefits of providing incentives to create the work in the first place” (Landes & Posner).
After having examined library copyright strategies both in the book trade and in scholarly communication with a thorough discussion on (e-)lending and controlled digital lending, the author claims that copyright regulations are not written in the sky but on a solid foundation of economic forces which shape the book and information chains. Libraries’ strategies should aim to reinforce their relevance in the distribution segment and demonstrate their ability to provide services to all actors in the value chain. This role should also impact on the normalisation of library-publisher relations.
​Effect of Different Post-harvest Treatments of Fungicides, Botanical Oils, Food Preservatives and Packaging on Black Mould Fruit Rot of Pomegranate
Authors: Manjunatha S.N. , Vimala M. , Srinivasa D.K. , Kandapal Kavita , Ramakrishna B.M. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Pomegranate is an important favourite fruit of tropical, subtropical and arid regions. In India, it is grown in almost all the states but a commercial orchard exists in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Some pathogens only attack the fruit from the inside, while the external surface of the fruit remains asymptomatic. Diseased fruit display poor shelf life and flavour quality attributes. Changes include losses in sugars, acids, characteristic aroma and development of off flavours. Therefore, identifying and quick characterization of these disease symptoms is paramount to their effective control and management. Since there is a lack of research work on pomegranate black mould fruit rot diseases caused by Aspergillus niger. Realizing the gaps concerns the environmental factors affecting the prevalence of disease development and management of disease, the present investigation was undertaken with the objective: Management of post-harvest black mould fruit rot diseases of pomegranate by different methods. Methods: The experiments were carried out at Division of Horticulture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru by using the variety Bhagwa with 11 treatments which are replicated four times in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Different chemical, physical methods, food preservatives and packaging were used to control the black mould fruit rot. Result: The epidemiological studies revealed that injury to the pomegranate fruits was found to be a prerequisite for infection. All the fruits inoculated by cork-wounding, pin-pricking, scrapping and rubbing method exhibited symptoms of rot. Cork-wounding proved to be the most efficient method of inoculation. Post-harvest dipping in hot water, fungicides, oils and food preservatives provided effective control of the rot. Oil suspensions were found effective in preventing the rot. Food preservatives were also found effective in preventing rot, potassium metabisulphite (KMS) 0.5 percent followed by sodium benzoate 0.5 percent proved most effective against the rot in both pre-and post-inoculation treatments. Packaging for postharvest storage showed very good performance in maintaining the quality of pomegranate fruits up to 12 weeks.