bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro study of placental trophoblast calcium uptake using JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells
Authors: Tuan Rocky S. , Moore Claire J. , Brittingham Jacqueline W. , Kirwin James J. , Akins Robert E. , Wong Mayme 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During human fetal development, placental syncytiotrophoblaste actively transport calcium from the maternal to the fetal circulation. Two functional components, a cytosolic Ca2+-binding protein (CaBP) and a Ca2+-ATPase have been identified in the syncytiotrophoblaste of the chorionic villi. We report here the calcium uptake properties of a human choriocarcinoma cell line, JEG-3, which was used as an in vitro model cell system for the syncytiotrophoblaste. In culture, JEG-3 proliferated as large syncytial aggregates expressing typical syncytio-trophoblast markers. 48Ca uptake by JEG-3 was a substrate- and temperature-dependent, membrane-mediated active process that exhibited linear kinetics for up to 7min. Both the CaBP and the Ca2+-ATPase were expressed by JEG-3, on the basis of biochemical, histochemical, immunochemical and/or mRNA asssays. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization revealed that JEG-3 cells were heterogeneous with respect to the expression of the CaBP. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of JEG-3 was similar to the placental enzyme in terms of sensitivity to specific inhibitors, and was detected histochemically along the cell membrane. Fura-2 Ca2+ imaging revealed that calcium uptake by JEG-3 was not accompanied by a concomitant increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], suggesting a specific Ca2+ sequestration mechanism. The involvement of calciotropic hormonal regulation was evaluated by studying the response of JEG-3 to 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Calcium uptake was significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by a 24-h treatment of the cells with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (optimal dose ∼0.5 nM); the CaBP level doubled whereas steady-state CaBP mRNA did not, suggesting that CaBP expression was regulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. These observations strongly suggest that the JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells should serve as a convenient in vitro model system for studying the cellular mechanism and regulation of transplacental calcium transport.
Responses of growth cones to changes in osmolality of the surrounding medium
Authors: Bray Dennis , Money Nicholas P. , Harold Franklin M. , Bamburg James R. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The possible involvement of osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure in driving actin-rich extensions of the cell surface was examined using cultures of chick neurons. Estimation of the excess internal osmotic pressure of chick neural tissue by vapor pressure deficit osmometry, and of the excess internal hydrostatic pressure in cultured chick neurons using a calibrated pressure pipette, gave upper limits of 10mosM and 0.1 atmosphere (1 atmosphere= 101325 Pa), respectively. Increases in the osmolality of the medium surrounding cultured neurons by addition of sucrose, mannitol or polyethylene glycol by amounts that should eliminate any internal pressure not only failed to arrest the growth of filopodia but caused them to increase in length up to twofold in 3-5 min. Lamellipodia remained unchanged following hyperosmotic shifts of 20 mosM, but higher levels caused a small decrease in area. Reduction of osmolality by the addition of water to the culture fluid down to 50% of its normal value failed to show any detectable change in either filopodial length or lamellipodial area. These observations argue against an osmotic mechanism for growth cone extension and show that the growth of filopodia, in particular, is unlikely to be driven by osmotically generated hydrostatic pressure.
In contrast to the short-term effects on growth cone morphology, the slower elongation of the neuritic cylinder showed a consistent osmotic response. Growth rates were reduced following addition of osmolytes and increased in rate (as much as sixfold) following addition of water to the culture medium. Although the interpretation of the effects on growth is not straightforward, they raise the possibility that osmotically derived internal pressure may contribute to the elongation of the microtubule-rich axonal cylinder.
The existence of mammifers anterior to the deposition of the lias, demonstrated from, the microscopic structure of a bow from the river-bed deposit, lyme regis
Authors: Dennis J. B. P. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Through the kindness of the President of the Geological Society, a Paper of mine was read before the Society on the 19th of March last, in which I brought under their notice certain facts which seemed to me strongly to indicate the existence of Mammifers at a period when the Lias had not been deposited, and in a deposit well known by the name of the Bristol bone-bed. Since then, through the kindness of Professor Owen, Dr. J. E. Gray, and Professor Huxley, I have had great opportunities of carrying on my investigations, and I trust that, though errors may be found in my inductions, the result of my inquiries will be found to have added some fresh truth to the treasures of science.
Notes on some new species and varieties of british marine diatomaceæ
Authors: Roper F. C. S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The greater part of the British fresh-water species of Diatomaceæ, from the facility with which they are obtained, and the frequent opportunities for collecting them offered to every observer with a microscope, have probably been already described; but that this is not the case with the marine species, is shown by the great additions lately made to this class by the researches of Dr. Gregory, Mr. Brightwell, and others; and, as they appear to have been hitherto somewhat neglected on our Southern coasts, I hope to draw more particular attention to this abundant field of original observation by pointing out the best means of obtaining the marine species, and at the same time propose to describe a few of the more peculiar forms that have occurred to myself within the last two years.
Beiträge zur normalen und pathologischen histologie der cornea. Contributions to the normal and morbid histology of the cornea
Authors: His Wilhelm , His W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
If the results arrived at by Dr. His in this unassuming little work are confirmed by future observers (and the whole style and manner of working of the author lead us to entertain a strong expectation that they will be), it will prove to be one of the most valuable ‘Contributions’ which has been made for a long time, not only to normal and morbid histology, but to physiology. For one of the most important problems presented to the physiologist at the present moment is, what is the influence of conditions upon nutrition ? or, in other words, how far and in what manner can the vital activities of the elementary histological components of tissues be checked, excited, or otherwise modified by influences from without ? It is from their bearing on this great question that Dr. His’s inquiries appear to us to derive their preponderant interest, though there are many other points of view in which they are eminently worthy of attention.
Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany
Authors: Berkeley M. J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There is no department of natural history that has been more indebted for its progress to the employment of the microscope than that of the structure of Cryptogamic Plants. So little was the nature and structure of these plants known, that Linnæus applied to them the term Cryptogamia, on the supposition that no process of reproduction existed in them analogous to that which occurred in the stamens and pistils of higher plants. The history of the discovery of the reproduction of these plants, by the agency of sperm-cells and germ-cells, is one of the most brilliant pages in the records of microscopic research. Although their structure has been well described and illustrated in the works and papers of Lindley, the Hookers, Henfrey, Berkeley, Broome, Thwaites, Ralfs, and the late William Smith; till the publication of the present work by the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, we had no book in our language especially devoted to the consideration of their structure and affinities. Few persons could bring to this task more qualifications than Mr. Berkeley. He has devoted unusual powers of observation and careful research to the study of the Fungi, and is known for his work on the British forms of this family, wherever the science of botany is cultivated. In this work he has devoted the same qualities of mind to the revision and criticism of all that has been done by other observers in the remaining families of the Cryptogamia, and has produced a volume that will be valued by all who are engaged in the study of this most interesting and important branch of scientific investigation. Not only does Mr. Berkeley’s work give a very complete account of the various families of Cryptogamic plants, but it contains a large amount of philosophical reflection and sound advice, which cannot but be useful to the young student. In his introductory chapter he especially draws attention to the value of researches on the lower plants; and points out the errors those are likely to fall into, who, whilst skilful in the use of the microscope, have neglected the first principles of scientific inquiry. We give the following extract as an example.
On plagiogramma, a new genus of Diatomaceæ
Authors: Greville R. K. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The only known species of the new genus of Diatomaceæ, which 1 propose to establish in this communication, was published by my late friend, Professor Gregory, in 1857, in his paper “On the Marine Diatomaceæ of the Clyde” (‘Trans. Roy. Soc. Ed./ vol. xxi), under the name of Denticula staurophora. Soon afterwards, two or three other evidently nearly allied diatoms were observed by Professor Walker-Arnott and myself in Californian guano; and my attention having been thus attracted to these remarkable forms, I lost no subsequent opportunity of searching for them, both in guano preparations and recent gatherings. Some I have detected in a gathering obtained by washing small algæ picked up on the coast of Jamaica; and several very interesting species occurred in the scrapings of conch shells from Nassau, New Providence, kindly sent to me by Mr. Norman, of Hull. The Caribbean Sea appears to be particularly rich in Diatomacece; and there can be no doubt that this curious little group will be further enlarged when observers shall have been supplied with additional materials from its shores.*
The Mycetozoa.—A Contribution Towards the Knowledge of the Lowest Animals
Authors: De Bary Dr. Anton 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Dr. De Bary’s object in the above paper, is to prove that the tribe of organisms, heretofore brought together under the general name of Myxogastric fungi, are not fungi; that they are, in fact, not vegetables, but animals. The author does not undertake, at present, to fix exactly their systematic position, but he assigns them a place provisionally, between (the Rhizo pods and the Gregarinæ. Should his views be ultimately established, the Zoologists will (as M. Tulasne has remarked), thereby receive compensation in respect of the Corallines, which the botanists have appropriated; but we cannot help thinking, that a great deal more evidence will be required; and much more discussion will have to be gone through, before botanists will be content to assent to the transfer of the Myxogastric fungi to the animal kingdom.
A Manual of the Sub-kingdom Protozoa
Authors: Greene Joseph Reay 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We learn from the preface to this little volume, that it “is the first of a series of similar treatises on the several departments of the animal kingdom;” and from the cover of the hook we find that it is intended to herald a series of scientific manuals. A manual of systematic botany is in preparation by the distinguished professor of botany in the University of Dublin. Professor Greene’s work is a capital commencement of the series. In beginning with the Protozoa, the author had a subject of some difficulty with which to commence, but just such a one as an ardent and industrious student would be glad to deal.
Some further Experiments and Observations on the Mode of Formation and Coalescence of Carbonate Of Lime Globules, and the Development of Shell-Tissues
Authors: Rainey G. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As I believe it is generally admitted, especially by those who have examined my specimens of carbonate of lime, as it occurs in shell-tissues, and compared them with the analogous artificial forms, that both are formed in the same manner; and as in this case the experimental investigation of the artificial process will furnish the best clue to a precise and certain knowledge of the natural one, by showing more clearly how much is due to physical agency, I have been anxious to extend and improve my former process for obtaining the globular form of carbonate of lime by making the conditions more like the natural ones, and by so performing the experiments that the changes, which the carbonate undergoes in its passage from an apparently amorphous state to large globules, may, as they are taking place, allow of being examined by the microscope.
The Honey-Bee, its natural history, habits, anatomy, and microscopical beauty
Authors: Samuelson James , Hicks J. Braxton 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The author of this little work, and his able assistant, Dr. Hicks, are well known for a former attempt at making known the structure of some of the more frequent forms of the lower animals around us. We spoke very highly of The Earthworm and the Housefly‘when they appeared; and we feel called on to give the same meed of praise to ‘The Honey-bee’. Although Mr. Samuelson has gone over much ground that was previously well trodden, in his account of the structure and history of the habits of the bee, he has succeeded in making the subject his own, and treating it in a way that demands our praise in a literary point of view. The general structure of the bee is highly interesting, and we do not know of any descriptions of the minuter points of the anatomy of these insects which can claim to be more minute and accurate than those contained in this little volume. As much of the matter contained in this department of the volume has not appeared before in a popular form, we take the liberty of making rather a long extract from the chapter descriptive of the eyes of the bee. The author expresses himself as indebted for this part of his work to the labours of Dr. Hicks, who is well known to the cultivators of microscopical science for the extent and accuracy of his observations.
Notes on the presence of Animal Life at vast depths in the Sea, with Observations on the Nature of the Seabed as bearing on Submarine Telegraphs.
Authors: Wallich G. C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Dr. Wallich has just returned from an arduous undertaking. At a very short notice, animated by the ardent zeal by which he is distinguished, he started as naturalist on board the Bulldog, commanded by Sir L. M’Clintock, and employed in the survey of a proposed telegraphic route to North America. The first-fruits of this expedition, in anticipation, doubtless, of a further and more detailed account of his observations, have been printed by Dr. Wallich, under the above title; and a very interesting communication it is. It is scarcely too much to say, that Dr. Walii ch’s observations, on this voyage, will have the result of considerably modifying the views of naturalists, as to the necessary limits placed by depth in the ocean to the existence of animal life. The results of former observations of the soundings obtained in the survey of the route for the Great Atlantic Telegraph showed the strong probability, if not the absolute certainty, that animal life could be maintained at the enormous depth of between four and five miles; in fact, that the bed of the ocean, throughout a vast tract, was composed of a soft bed, formed of the shells of defunct and living Foraminifera, for the most part Globigerina;—a fact perfectly in accordance with what might have been concluded from our knowledge of the composition of Chalk, and other similar formations of a more recent date; as for instance, that which occurs near Oran, in Algeria. But Dr. Wallich’s late dredgings, if the term can be used, have shown, that not only can the lowly organized Rhizopod exist far “removed from light of day,” and under a pressure of many tons on the square inch, but that creatures of the high type of organization presented in the Echinodermata are also capable of existing at a depth of 1260 fathoms, or in water condensed under a pressure of about 4000 lbs. on the square inch and what is more marvellous still, that animals of that complex structure can bear to be suddenly brought to the surface, without apparent injury. Besides this, “on two occasions, living specimens of Serpula, one from 680 fathoms, and in conjunction with a living Spirorbis, other free Annelids and two Amphipod Crustaceans were also taken alive at 445 fathoms.”
New Experiments Relating to What is Termed Spontaneous Generation
Authors: Pasteur M. L. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Since the author’s last communication to the Academy on the subject of the origin of “ferments,” and on what is termed “spontaneous generation,” his attention has been directed to several points of particular interest in the question, and which are still attended with great difficulties, although their explanation is comprised in his previous labours.
Catalogue of Transparent Injected Preparations
Authors: Smith  , Beck  
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Messrs Smith and Beck having sent us up a selection from the transparent injected preparations which they now have on sale, we feel we shall be doing a service to our readers by calling their attention to them. We believe these preparations are not made in this country; but from whatever part of the world they are obtained, they claim the merit of being the most successfully mounted microscopic preparations that have yet been, offered to the public for sale. In the catalogue the preparations are arranged under distinct heads, according to the part or organ of the animal system from which they are obtained; and, perhaps, we cannot give our readers a better idea of the nature and variety of these preparations, than by referring to them under the various subdivisions adopted in the catalogue.
Micboscopical Society, January 9th, 1861
Authors: Fabbants R. J. , Mackrell John , Dumas A. J. , Aubert Alfred 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Mr. H. Deane made some observations in reference to some new diatom discs exhibited in the meeting, which had been forwarded from an old member of the Society, Mr. John Coates, now resident and in medical practice at South Yarra, near Melbourne, where the siliceous shells had been found.
On The Circulation in the Wings of Blatta Orientalis and Other Insects, and on a New Method of Tnjecting the Vessels of Insects
Authors: Moseley H. N. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Whilst working in the laboratory of Prof. Ludwig, at Leipzig, this spring, I obtained a number of specimens of JB. orientalis, to look for nerve-endings in their salivary glands. I happened to examine their wings under the microscope, and finding a remarkably perfect circulation in them, was led to examine the wings of other insects, and study the subject somewhat closely. Several observers who have written on the circulation of insects have given lists of the insects in which they have observed the phenomenon.
On the Endothelium of the Body-Cavity and Blood-Vessels of the Common Earthworm, as Demonstrated by Silver-Staining
Authors: Power D’arcy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The application to invertebrata of the methods of histological research devised by students of the organization of vertebrate animals, is likely to yield interesting results. At the suggestion of Prof. Lankester, I have examined the structure of the lining membranes of the body-cavity and blood-vessels of the Earthworm, by aid of the well-known method of silver-impregnation, which has yielded such valuable results in connection with the serous membranes and vascular structures of Vertebrata in the hands of von Recklinghausen and of Klein.
The Bacillus of Leprosy
Authors: Hansen G. Armaner 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
It was not my intention to make any of my investigations on this subject public at present, but as not only Dr. Edlund, to whom in the preceding year I showed preparations, and mentioned that I considered leprosy a parasitic disease, in his little work on ‘Leprosy’ speaks of its precise origin as something that he has discovered in the form of “micrococci,” but also Dr. Neisser, of Breslau, who passed some portion of this summer in Bergen has just published the result of his investigations of those preparations that he made while here, and as these results also point out that in general, the preparations are filled with “bacilli” which he supposes to be peculiar to leprosy, and as its “contagium”—I feel myself called upon to announce what I have attained to, up to the present time, in my researches after the same “contagium,” and, this, partly to assert my priority with reference to this discovery, and partly in order to advance those details in research which I omitted to announce on account of the still uncertain result in my report to the Medical Society in Christiania, 1874, concerning my investigations into the etiology of leprosy. In this report I have briefly stated that I often, indeed generally, found, when seeking for them in the leprous tubercles, small rod-shaped bodies in the cells of the swelling,1 whilst, on the contrary, I never found such “bodies” in blood newly taken from leprous patients, in which, however, Dr. Edlund declares he has seen the “microccoci” described by him. This observation of Dr. Edlund I must, however, after having examined several times, quite lately, blood taken from a leper, consider as unreliable. I found very often, on the contrary, after preserving the blood-preparations in a damp room, that in the course of a few days there appeared articulated threads, which, I believe, must be considered as a fungous growth, and which never appeared in blood-preparations taken from either healthy or syphilitic people. After having employed myself for a lengthened period in these investigations of the blood, I proceeded to those of the tubercle, and shall communicate, as follows, a few of the memoranda I made during that time.
“Ueber den Bau und das Wachsthum der Zellhaüte.”
Authors: Strasburger von E. , Ward H. Marshall 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A Further communication on the subject of the vegetable cell, by the author of the well-known book, ‘Zellbildung und Zelltheilung,’ cannot fail to interest all who are busied with morphological investigations. In the present work, from the active pen of Professor Strasburger, we are introduced to a large number of new facts, supplemented by a brilliant series of hypothetical considerations. However opinions may differ as to the value of the latter, there can be little doubt about the importance of the former, and no better plea for special work in biology could be demanded than such a book and its natural connection with previous investigations by the same author.