bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Topological Correctness of PL Approximations of Isomanifolds
Authors: Boissonnat Jean-Daniel , Wintraecken Mathijs 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIsomanifolds are the generalization of isosurfaces to arbitrary dimension and codimension, i.e. manifolds defined as the zero set of some multivariate multivalued smooth function $$f: {\mathbb {R}}^d\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^{d-n}$$

f
:

R

d

→

R

d
-
n

. A natural (and efficient) way to approximate an isomanifold is to consider its piecewise-linear (PL) approximation based on a triangulation $$\mathcal {T}$$
T
of the ambient space $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

. In this paper, we give conditions under which the PL approximation of an isomanifold is topologically equivalent to the isomanifold. The conditions are easy to satisfy in the sense that they can always be met by taking a sufficiently fine and thick triangulation $$\mathcal {T}$$
T
. This contrasts with previous results on the triangulation of manifolds where, in arbitrary dimensions, delicate perturbations are needed to guarantee topological correctness, which leads to strong limitations in practice. We further give a bound on the Fréchet distance between the original isomanifold and its PL approximation. Finally, we show analogous results for the PL approximation of an isomanifold with boundary.
A Framework for Differential Calculus on Persistence Barcodes
Authors: Leygonie Jacob , Oudot Steve , Tillmann Ulrike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe define notions of differentiability for maps from and to the space of persistence barcodes. Inspired by the theory of diffeological spaces, the proposed framework uses lifts to the space of ordered barcodes, from which derivatives can be computed. The two derived notions of differentiability (respectively, from and to the space of barcodes) combine together naturally to produce a chain rule that enables the use of gradient descent for objective functions factoring through the space of barcodes. We illustrate the versatility of this framework by showing how it can be used to analyze the smoothness of various parametrized families of filtrations arising in topological data analysis.
Time-Dynamic Markov Random Fields for price outcome prediction in the presence of lobbying
Authors: Cabello Julia García 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical/Artificial Intelligence (AI) model for the prediction of price outcomes in markets with the presence of lobbying, whose outputs are pricing trends that aggregate the opinions of lobbies on future prices. Our proposal succeeds in unraveling this complex real-world problem by reducing the solution to straightforward probability computations. We tested our method on real olive oil prices (Andalusia, Spain) with encouraging results in a challenging sector, where opacity in the entry of oil shipments which are stored while waiting for the price to rise, makes it very difficult to forecast the prices. Specifically, understanding by minimum price that the price level is at least reached, specific formulas for computing the likelihood of both the aggregate and the minimum market price are provided. These formulas are based on the price levels that lobbies expect which in turn, can be calculated using the probability that each lobby gives to market prices. An innovative quantitative study of the lobbies is also carried out by explicitly computing the weight of each lobby in the process thus solving a problem for which there were only qualitative references up until now. The structural model is based on Time Dynamic Markov random fields (TD-MRFs). This model requires significantly less information to produce an output and enjoys transparency during the process when compared with other approaches, such as neural networks (known as black boxes). Transparency also ensures that the internal structures can be fine tuned to fit to each context as well as possible.
Dimensional reduction of a fractured medium for a polymer EOR model
Authors: Dugstad Martin , Kumar Kundan , Pettersen Øystein 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDimensional reduction strategy is an effective approach to derive reliable conceptual models to describe flow in fractured porous media. The fracture aperture is several orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic size (e.g., the length of the fracture) of the physical problem. We identify the aperture to length ratio as the small parameter𝜖with the fracture permeability scaled as an exponent of𝜖. We consider a non-Newtonian fluid described by the Carreau model type where the viscosity is dependent on the fluid velocity. Using formal asymptotic approach, we derive a catalogue of reduced models at the vanishing limit of𝜖. Our derivation provides new models in a hybrid-dimensional setting as well as models which exhibit two-scale behaviour. Several numerical examples confirm the theoretical derivations of the upscaled models. Moreover, we have also studied the sensitivity of the upscaled models when a particular upscaled model is used beyond its range of validity to provide additional insight.
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in fresh and frozen cycles using blastocysts derived from ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta
Authors: Havelock Jon , Aaris Henningsen Anna-Karina , Mannaerts Bernadette , Arce Joan-Carles ,   ESTHER-1 and ESTHER-2 Trial Groups
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes using fresh and vitrified/warmed blastocysts obtained from ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta in controlled trials versus follitropin alfa.

Methods
This investigation evaluated the outcome from 2719 fresh and frozen cycles performed in 1326 IVF/ICSI patients who could start up to three ovarian stimulations in the ESTHER-1 (NCT01956110) and ESTHER-2 (NCT01956123) trials, covering 1012 fresh cycles and 341 frozen cycles with follitropin delta and 1015 fresh cycles and 351 frozen cycles with follitropin alfa. Of the 1326 first cycle patients, 513 continued to cycle 2 and 188 to cycle 3, and 441 patients started frozen cycles after the fresh cycles. Pregnancy follow-up was continued until 4 weeks after birth.

Results
The overall cumulative take-home baby rate after up to three stimulation cycles was 60.3% with follitropin delta and 60.7% with follitropin alfa (−0.2% [95% CI: −5.4%; 5.0%]), of which the relative contribution was 72.8% from fresh cycles and 27.2% from frozen cycles in each treatment group. Across the fresh cycles, the ongoing implantation rate was 32.1% for follitropin delta and 32.1% for follitropin alfa, while it was 27.6% and 27.8%, respectively, for the frozen cycles. Major congenital anomalies among the live-born neonates up until 4 weeks were reported at an incidence of 1.6% with follitropin delta and 1.8% with follitropin alfa (−0.2% [95% CI: −1.9%; 1.5%]).

Conclusions
Based on comparative trials, the pregnancy and neonatal outcomes from fresh and frozen cycles provide reassuring data on the efficacy and safety of follitropin delta.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01956110 registered on 8 October 2013; NCT01956123 registered on 8 October 2013.
Optimization of a refinery scheduling process with column generation and a quantum annealer
Authors: Ossorio-Castillo J. , Pena-Brage F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the optimization of a refinery scheduling process with the help of an adiabatic quantum computer, and more concretely one of the quantum annealers developed by D-Wave Systems. We present an algorithm for finding a global optimal solution of a MILP that leans on a solver for QUBO problems, and apply it to various possible cases of refinery scheduling optimization. We analyze the inconveniences found during the whole process, whether due to the heuristic nature of D-Wave or the implications of reducing a MILP to QUBO, and present some experimental results.
Explanation, justification, and egalitarianism
Authors: Spafford Jesse 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that the philosophy of explanation can help inform core debates in value theory. Specifically, it argues that there is a consistent parallelism between the properties of explanation and the properties of justification such that one can reasonably infer that any property of explanation has a counterpart property of justification. Thus, by appealing to facts about the nature of explanation, one can derive various conclusions about the justifications offered by normative theorists. The paper illustrates this point by considering a debate within political philosophy over whether inequality requires justification in a way that equality does not. Egalitarians typically presume an affirmative answer to this question. However, libertarian critics note that this justificatory asymmetry cannot be simply assumed without argument. This paper argues that, by appealing to the explanation-justification parallelism, one can resolve this debate in favor of the egalitarians, as there are two properties of explanation, the justificatory analogs of which vindicate the egalitarian presumption.
Using Cucumis sativus, Acalymma vittatum, Celatoria setosa, and generalist pollinators as a case study for plant–insect interactions
Authors: Barrett Matthew R. , Filgueiras Camila C. , Willett Denis S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShowcasing how semiochemicals are both multifunctional and can influence a community of organisms is a constant frontier shared by chemical ecologists and applied entomologists alike. As researchers in these fields continue to share broad and overlapping interests, converging on one system could allow for a better understanding of community interactions and the chemical substances that mediate them. Cucurbit systems are strategically positioned to study these types of interactions because they combine the elements of plant–herbivore, plant–predator, and plant pollinator into one model and are systems where researchers can pursue both basic and applied questions. In this review, we propose Cucumis sativus [cucumber], Acalymma vittatum [striped cucumber beetle], Celatoria setosa [a natural enemy], and generalist pollinators as a system for continued investigation into semiochemicals, their multifunctional roles, and their influence on both target and nontarget organisms. We believe this system is ripe for further exploration at the frontiers in chemical ecology and applied entomology.
Donor-Funded Women’s Empowerment in Tajikistan: Trajectories of Women’s NGOs and Changing Attitudes to the International Agenda
Authors: Kluczewska Karolina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates internationally funded women’s empowerment initiatives in Tajikistan. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent Tajik civil war (1992–1997), this newly independent, Muslim-majority country has experienced an influx of foreign aid, including in the field of women’s rights. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, the article analyzes the growth and diversification of local, Western-funded women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) between 1991 and 2020, paying attention to their leadership and aims, as well as changing perceptions of donors’ interventions. It is argued that, initially, local activists were supportive of international projects, which promoted gender equality by supporting women’s integration into the new, capitalist economy. In the last decade, however, an increasing conditionality of funding and deteriorating donor-NGO relations has fueled local contestations of the international agenda. The donor-enhanced women’s empowerment model, which fosters individual responsibility and self-reliance, is increasingly criticized for aggravating the conditions of local women in the context of a growing economic insecurity characterizing the local capitalist economy. Against this resentment, an alternative women’s empowerment model, advancing gender equity based on complementarity of male and female social roles and stressing the importance of family as a safety net against economic precarity, is gaining prominence locally.
Ingroup identification, hope and system justification: Testing hypothesis from social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) in a sample of LGBTQIA+ individuals
Authors: Bonetti Chiara , Rossi Francesca , Caricati Luca 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA) suggests that system justification among low-status groups can be explained by ingroup identification and the hope for a collective future improvement. In this report, we summarize the results of a cross-sectional investigation concerning the relationship between system justification, hope and identification based on a sample of 200 LGBTQIA+ individuals (identifying themselves as non-normative with respect to gender identity and sexual orientation). The results were supportive of SIMSA expectations and showed that system justification was positively linked to hope for future advancement. Importantly, hope played a key role influencing the relations between ingroup identification and perceived ingroup status: for low-status individuals who had high hope, ingroup identification was positively associated with system justification. Limits are acknowledged.
Stochastic energy-demand analyses with random input parameters for the single-family house
Authors: Koniorczyk Marcin , Grymin Witold , Zygmunt Marcin , Bednarska Dalia , Wieczorek Alicja , Gawin Dariusz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the analyses of the uncertainty propagation of buildings’ energy-demand, the Monte Carlo method is commonly used. In this study we present two alternative approaches: the stochastic perturbation method and the transformed random variable method. The energy-demand analysis is performed for the representative single-family house in Poland. The investigation is focused on two independent variables, considered as uncertain, the expanded polystyrene thermal conductivity and external temperature; however the generalization on any countable number of parameters is possible. Afterwards, the propagation of the uncertainty in the calculations of the energy consumption has been investigated using two aforementioned approaches. The stochastic perturbation method is used to determine the expected value and central moments of the energy consumption, while the transformed random variable method allows to obtain the explicit form of energy consumption probability density function and further characteristic parameters like quantiles of energy consumption. The calculated data evinces a high accordance with the results obtained by means of the Monte Carlo method. The most important conclusions are related to the computational cost reduction, simplicity of the application and the appropriateness of the proposed approaches for the buildings’ energy-demand calculations.
Leptochiton subrugatus sp. nov. (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from low boreal waters of northern Pacific
Authors: Sirenko Boris I. , Sigwart Julia D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe genusLeptochitonGray, 1847 is a paraphyletic group of small, pale, and usually deepwater chitons. They lack some of the morphological shell characters that are important in the systematics of Polyplacophora, and species identification within this genus is challenging. One species complex in the North Pacific includes at least 11 species that were historically synonymized or confused withLeptochiton rugatus(Carpenter in Pilsbry, 1892). Scrutiny of ecological and biogeographical patterns has helped to separate species lineages within this clade and support morphological diagnoses. Based on morphological and molecular studies, a new species is described that was previously confused with bothLeptochiton assimilis(Thiele, 1909) andLeptochiton rugatus. This new species is widely distributed in the summer-warmed bays of the southern Primorye, Moneron Island, Northern Japan, Kunashir, and the Yellow Sea. This species is at least ~8% different in the COI barcode region fromLeptochiton rugatuss.s. Morphological differences between the new species and closely related species are presented.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for left main coronary artery malperfusion in acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Taguchi Yuya , Kubo Shunsuke , Ikuta Akihiro , Osakada Kohei , Takamatsu Makoto , Takahashi Kotaro , Ohya Masanobu , Shimada Takenobu , Miura Katsuya , Murai Ryosuke , Tada Takeshi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Fuku Yasushi , Goto Tsuyoshi , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Kadota Kazushige 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left main coronary artery (LMCA) malperfusion caused by acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing PCI for LMCA malperfusion caused by AAAD. We examined nine consecutive patients undergoing PCI for LMCA malperfusion caused by AAAD between 1995 and 2020. The mean age was 55.4 ± 7.7 years. Eight patients presented cardiogenic shock, and five patients cardiopulmonary arrest. Two patients were diagnosed with AAAD before coronary angiography using computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiography, respectively, and in the other seven patients after coronary angiography using other modalities. Four patients underwent PCI on intra-aortic balloon pumping support, and four patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support, including one patient on both. PCI was successful in eight patients, with final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 2 or 3. The four patients on VA-ECMO did not undergo aortic dissection repair due to poor recovery of cardiac function and died during the hospital stay, and the other five patients had successful PCI, underwent aortic dissection repair, and remained alive at 5 year follow-up. In conclusion, LMCA malperfusion caused by AAAD seemed to have clinical presentations and electrocardiogram changes similar to acute coronary syndrome. PCI and subsequent surgical aortic repair saved the lives of all AAAD patients with LMCA malperfusion who had not required VA-ECMO.
Hate: toward a Four-Types Model
Authors: Vendrell Ferran Íngrid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on insights found in both philosophy and psychology, this paper offers an analysis of hate and distinguishes between its main types. I argue that hate is a sentiment, i.e., a form to regard the other as evil which on certain occasions can be acutely felt. On the basis of this definition, I develop a typology which, unlike the main typologies in philosophy and psychology, does not explain hate in terms of patterns of other affective states. By examining the developmental history and intentional structure of hate, I obtain two variables: the replaceability/irreplaceability of the target and the determinacy/indeterminacy of the focus of concern. The combination of these variables generates the four-types model of hate, according to which hate comes in the following kinds: normative, ideological, retributive, and malicious.
Enhanced mechanical property and tunable dielectric property of SiCf/SiC-SiBCN composites by CVI combined with PIP
Authors: Song Chaokun , Liu Yongsheng , Ye Fang , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Pengfei , Chai Nan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe SiBCN matrix via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) or/and polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) technologies was orderly introduced to SiCf/SiC composites to optimize the mechanical property and electromagnetic (EM) shielding effectiveness simultaneously. The BN interface with the thickness of 350 nm was designed to obtain a little stronger interface bonding. The flexural strength of SiCf/SiC-SiBCN composites reached 545.45±29.59 MPa thanks to the crack deflection between the CVI SiC and CVI SiBCN, as well as CVI SiBCN and PIP SiBCN matrix because of the modulus difference between them. The fracture toughness (KIC) with the value of 16.02±0.94 MPa·m1/2 was obtained owing to the extension of crack propagation path. The adverse effect of stronger interface bonding was eliminated by the design of matrix microstructure for SiCf/SiC-SiBCN composites. The thermal conductivity in the thickness direction was 7.64 W·(m·K)−1 at 1200 °C and the electric resistivity decreased to 1.53×103 Ω·m. The tunable dielectric property was obtained with the coordination of wave-absorption CVI SiBCN matrix and impedance matching PIP SiBCN matrix, and the total shielding effectiveness (SET) attained 30.01 dB. It indicates that the SiCf/SiC-SiBCN composites have great potential to be applied as structural and functional materials.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Racial Disparities in Children: Protective Mechanisms and Severe Complications Related to MIS-C
Authors: Kurup Sanjana , Burgess Regan , Tine Fatou , Chahroudi Ann , Lee Dexter L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel coronavirus has resulted in a pandemic with over 176 million confirmed cases and over 3.8 million recorded deaths. In the USA, SARS-CoV-2 infection has a significant burden on minority communities, especially Hispanic and Black communities, which are overrepresented in cases compared to their percentage in the population. SARS-CoV-2 infection can manifest differently in children and adults, with children tending to have less severe disease. A review of current literature was performed to identify the hypothesized protective immune mechanisms in children, and to describe the rare complication of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that has been documented in children post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Epidemiologic data and case studies have indicated that children are less susceptible to more severe clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a finding that may be due to differences in the cytokine response generated by the innate immune system, high amounts of ACE-2 which maintain homeostatic functions by preventing inflammation, and trained immunity acquired from regular vaccinations. Despite these protective mechanisms, children are still susceptible to severe complications, such as MIS-C. The racial disparities seen in MIS-C are extremely apparent, and certain populations are more affected. Most specifically, 33% of MIS-C patients are Hispanic/Latino, and 30% Black. Current studies published on MIS-C do not detail whether certain symptoms are more present in certain racial/ethnic groups. Knowledge of these disparities could assist health care professionals with devising appropriate strategies for post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection follow-up in children as well as vaccine distribution in specific communities to help slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and ultimately reduce the potential for complications such as MIS-C.
The Link Between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Neurodegeneration and Cognition
Authors: Weihs Antoine , Frenzel Stefan , Grabe Hans J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly found to have an impact on neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarise recent findings on the association between OSA and brain morphology, cognition, and processes related to Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Recent Findings
Associations between OSA and alterations in grey and white matter, brain diffusivity, and deficits in memory, attention, and executive control were reported. Furthermore, OSA was correlated with higher risks of developing AD and PD and associated pathophysiology. Treatment was found to alleviate but not reverse some of the damage.

Summary
There are strong indications that OSA plays a major role in neurodegenerative processes. The broad picture however remains elusive, likely due to insufficient sample sizes, heterogeneous outcomes, and OSA definitions failing to quantify the disorder’s sub-processes. While studies resolving these issues are required, the available evidence shows OSA to be a promising target to slow neurodegeneration and delay the onset of related disorders.