bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effects of post-surgery recovery time on the migration dynamics and survival rates in the wild of acoustically tagged Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar smolts
Authors: Daniels J. , Brunsdon E. B. , Chaput G. , Dixon H. J. , Labadie H. , Carr J. W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe experimental effects of surgically implanting fish with acoustic transmitters are likely to have negative effects on survival and behaviour. Measuring the extent of these negative effects is important if we wish to extrapolate inferences from tagged animals to un-manipulated animals. In this study, we examine the effect of surgery and post-tagging recovery time on the survival and migration rate of acoustically tagged wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)smolts through freshwater, estuarine and ocean phases of migration. Four treatment groups were used: pre-smolt captured in the fall that overwintered in a hatchery and were tagged either 75 days prior to release (winter hatchery) or within 24 h prior to release (spring hatchery) and smolt captured during the spring smolt run, tagged 24 h prior to release and released during the day (day-released) or night (night-released).ResultsThe spring hatchery treatment group served as a reference treatment group such that recovery time (comparison to winter hatchery treatment) and hatchery effects (comparison to day-released and night-released treatments) could both be discerned. The hatchery effect increased migration rate, whereas short recovery times and captivity in a hatchery negatively affected survival. These effects were most pronounced within the first 5 days and/or 48 km downstream post-release, however, the residual recovery time effects appeared to persist during the transition from the estuary into salt water.ConclusionsEven with smolts originating from the wild and spending relatively little time within the hatchery environment, post-release survival was still negatively affected. Migration speed was faster for hatchery smolts, but is likely only due to their larger size. Recovery time effects were most prominent during the initial migration period in freshwater and again in the transition from the estuary to saltwater which may be due to added stress during these transitional zones. As surgery-related bias will likely never be completely removed from telemetry studies, it is important to quantify and account for these effects in situ when making inferences on the un-manipulated component of the population.
Seed dispersal as a search strategy: dynamic and fragmented landscapes select for multi-scale movement strategies in plants
Authors: Treep Jelle , de Jager Monique , Bartumeus Frederic , Soons Merel B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlant dispersal is a critical factor driving ecological responses to global changes. Knowledge on the mechanisms of dispersal is rapidly advancing, but selective pressures responsible for the evolution of dispersal strategies remain elusive. Recent advances in animal movement ecology identified general strategies that may optimize efficiency in animal searches for food or habitat. Here we explore the potential for evolution of similar general movement strategies for plants.MethodsWe propose that seed dispersal in plants can be viewed as a strategic search for suitable habitat, where the probability of finding such locations has been optimized through evolution of appropriate dispersal kernels. Using model simulations, we demonstrate how dispersal strategies can optimize key dispersal trade-offs between finding habitat, avoiding kin competition, and colonizing new patches. These trade-offs depend strongly on the landscape, resulting in a tight link between optimal dispersal strategy and spatiotemporal habitat distribution.ResultsOur findings reveal that multi-scale seed dispersal strategies that combine a broad range of dispersal scales, including Lévy-like dispersal, are optimal across a wide range of dynamic and patchy landscapes. At the extremes, static and patchy landscapes select for dispersal strategies dominated by short distances, while uniform and highly unpredictable landscapes both select for dispersal strategies dominated by long distances.ConclusionsBy viewing plant seed dispersal as a strategic search for suitable habitat, we provide a reference framework for the analysis of plant dispersal data. Consideration of the entire dispersal kernel, including distances across the full range of scales, is key. This reference framework helps identify plant species’ dispersal strategies, the evolutionary forces determining these strategies and their ecological consequences, such as a potential mismatch between plant dispersal strategy and altered spatiotemporal habitat dynamics due to land use change. Our perspective opens up directions for future studies, including exploration of composite search behaviour and ‘informed searches’ in plant species with directed dispersal.
Willingness of Greek general population to get a COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Kourlaba Georgia , Kourkouni Eleni , Maistreli Stefania , Tsopela Christina-Grammatiki , Molocha Nafsika-Maria , Triantafyllou Christos , Koniordou Markela , Kopsidas Ioannis , Chorianopoulou Evangelia , Maroudi-Manta Stefania , Filippou Dimitrios , Zaoutis Theoklis E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological data indicate that a large part of population needs to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity. Hence, it is of high importance for public health officials to know whether people are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. The objective of the present study was to examine the willingness of adult residents in Greece to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods
A cross-sectional was survey conducted among the adult general population of Greece between April 28, 2020 to May 03, 2020 (last week of lockdown), using a mixed methodology for data collection: Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and Computer Assisted web Interviewing (CAWI). Using a sample size calculator, the target sample size was found to be around 1000 respondents. To ensure a nationally representative sample of the urban/rural population according to the Greek census 2011, a proportionate stratified by region systematic sampling procedure was used to recruit particpants. Data collection was guided through a structured questionnaire. Regarding willingness to COVID-19 vaccination, participants were asked to answer the following question: “If there was a vaccine available for the novel coronavirus, would you do it?”

Results
Of 1004 respondents only 57.7% stated that they are going to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Respondents aged > 65 years old, those who either themselves or a member of their household belonged to a vulnerable group, those believing that the COVID-19 virus was not developed in laboratories by humans, those believing that coronavirus is far more contagious and lethal compared to the H1N1 virus, and those believing that next waves are coming were statistically significantly more likely to be willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Higher knowledge score regarding symptoms, transmission routes and prevention and control measures against COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher willingness of respondents to get vaccinated.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of individuals in the general population are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, stressing the need for public health officials to take immediate awareness-raising measures.
Pattern of congenital heart disease among Egyptian children: a 3-year retrospective study
Authors: Al-Fahham Marwa Moustapha , Ali Yasmin Abdelrazek 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial birth defect which has variable demographic characteristics among children in different geographical areas. This study aimed to detect the distribution of demographic data, perinatal risk factors, types, age, and mode of presentation of CHD among Egyptian children.

Results
The medical records of 1005 patients were included. They were 545 males (54%) and 462 females (46%) with a ratio of 1.2:1. Acyanotic CHD was encountered in 79.2%. Isolated ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot were the most common acyanotic and cyanotic lesions, respectively. The majority was diagnosed within the first year of life (86.7%) and was born to young mothers (91.3%). The accidental discovery of a murmur was the most frequent presentation (35%). Heart failure was detected in 44%, audible murmurs in 74.4%, maternal illnesses in 54%, consanguinity in 44.6%, prematurity in 19.3%, assisted reproduction in 11.7%, family history of CHD in 9.2%, abortions in 7.1%, and extracardiac anomalies in 3.6% of the studied population. Down syndrome (DS) was the most commonly occurring chromosomal anomaly, and the atrioventricular septal defect was the most characteristic cardiac lesion found among them.

Conclusions
There is no sex predilection among Egyptian children with CHD. Most of the cases are diagnosed in early infancy. Accidental discovery of a murmur is the most common mode of presentation. A variety of predisposing risk factors are abundant in the Egyptian population. DS is the most common chromosomal anomaly linked to CHD. Establishment of a national medical birth registry containing all information about all births in Egypt is needed for adequate surveillance and monitoring of perinatal health problems and congenital birth defects so that preventive measures can be early implemented. Proper and detailed data collection should be fulfilled in the medical records of every single patient.
Ultrasound-guided fluoroscopic-verified trans-foraminal lumbar dorsal root ganglion pulsed radiofrequency modulation for radicular pain relief: clinical and cadaveric evaluation of the technique
Authors: Omar Shaaban , Hegab Sherif El-Sayed , Reda Mohamed Ihab Samy , El-Karadawy Sahar Ahmed , Saad Mowaffak Moustafa , El Sekily Nancy Mohamed , Elaassar Omar Sameh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound-guided lumbar pain interventions were thought to be difficult; the high acoustic impedance of bone hides the underling structures and needle path. Reviewing the sonoanatomy of the lumbar region using different planes and angles made better sonographic guidance for spine injections. The aim of this prospective study is to assess the accuracy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided lumbar trans-foraminal pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion confirmed by fluoroscopic imaging in management of chronic radicular pain.ResultsThirty-two patients, with 34 lumbar interventions, were included in the study. Thirty-one interventions out of 34 were performed successfully with overall accuracy of 91.18% and with minimal complications. The successful first trial placement of the cannula was calculated in 44.1% of interventions; multiple trials were needed in 47.1% while incorrect level was encountered in 8.8%. Visual analogue scale of pain and Oswestry Disability Index decreased significantly after intervention up to 3 months compared to the pre-intervention value. The analgesic consumption was reduced by mean of 73.44 ± 31.07% 1 month after intervention.ConclusionsUS-guided fluoroscopic-verified trans-foraminal PR of lumbar DRG is accurate, safe, and effective for CRP.
Stability indicating method development and validation for simultaneous estimation and quantification of Ertugliflozin and Metformin in bulk and tablet dosage form
Authors: Sunkara Bhawani , Gampa Tulja Rani , Markanti Mounika , Midthapally Ratna Kumari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA simple, economical, sensitive, authentic, and faithful technique was used for the study of simultaneous evaluation of Ertugliflozin and Metformin in tablet dosage forms. The Chromatographic analysis was performed isocratically by using a Phenomenex C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 0.1% OPA buffer, with a proportion of 40: 60% v/v was passed throughout the column maintained at a temperature of 30 °C with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Approximately, 10 μl of drug solution was injected and the analytes were eluted at 220.0 nm.ResultsThe elution times of Ertugliflozin and Metformin were 2.226 min and 2.955 min, respectively. The percentage RSD of Ertugliflozin and Metformin are 0.60 and 0.59, respectively. The percentage recoveries of Ertugliflozin and Metformin were determined to be 100.55% and 99.40%, respectively. LOD, LOQ values of Metformin and Ertugliflozin obtained were found to be 0.10, 0.2 μg/ml and 0.03, 0.09 μg/ml, respectively. Regression equation of Ertugliflozin wasy= 11287x+ 1191 andy= 46270x+ 161.0 for Metformin. All verification parameters are within the range according to the ICH guidelines, and the degradation products are also within the limits, which show that the method is stable.ConclusionIn the currently developed RP-HPLC analytical method, the elution time and run time is reduced, which proves that the method is economical and widely acceptable, also simple and practical, which can be used in routine quality control tests in the industry.
Pharmacognostic standardization of Aralia cachemirica: a comparative study
Authors: Majid Neelofar , Nissar Saduf , Raja Weekar Younus , Nawchoo Irshad A. , Bhat Zulfikar Ali 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Aralia cachemirica Decne. is an endemic and an important medicinal plant species of Kashmir Himalaya. Despite having immense medicinal importance, little information is available on the standardization parameters of the species. For this reason, present work was carried out for providing comprehensive report on the quality control and standardization parameters of A. cachemirica. In this connection, different parts (leaves, stem, and root) of the plant were examined. Methods like microscopy and macroscopy, physicochemical parameters, extractive values, and fluorescence analysis were used to establish pharmacognostical standards.

Results
The macroscopic, microscopy, and physicochemical parameters of different parts of A. cachemirica revealed various diagnostic characteristics in the species.

Conclusion
This is the first study providing complete pharmacognostic profile of A. cachemirica and hence will be useful for correct identification and authentication of the species for future studies.
Inversion of vehicle-induced signals based on seismic interferometry and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Yujin , Li Tao , He Yi , Du Yue , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2021

Vehicle-induced vibrations provide useful signals for passive seismic exploration. Such signals are repeatable and environmentally friendly; hence, they can provide an economical way to analyze subsurface structures. We have developed a new workflow to monitor roads or railways by producing 1D subsurface S-wave velocities in real time. This workflow consists of two steps: seismic interferometry and recurrent neural networks (RNN). Seismic interferometry can efficiently retrieve surface waves by crosscorrelating vehicle-induced vibrations. RNN was designed to first encode the picked dispersion curve into a fixed-length vector and then decode the vector into 1D S-wave velocities. To simulate the railway vibrations, we first analyze the time-dependent characteristic of the high-speed-train source and verify its mathematical expression by comparing the frequency spectrums of the real and synthetic data. We then evaluate the RNN-based surface-wave dispersion inversion method and validate the designed network structure using the 3D SEG/EAGE overthrust model. Finally, seismic interferometry and RNN-based surface-wave inversion are applied to a synthetic train-induced data set, a 33 min field record of railway vibrations and a 76 min field data of road vibrations, respectively. The synthetic and field data tests indicated that our workflow can be a feasible and cost-effective tool for real-time monitoring of subsurface media along roads and railways.
Microsimulation Model for Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of Surveillance in BAP1 Pathogenic Variant Carriers
Authors: Walpole Sebastian , Hayward Nicholas K. , Pritchard Antonia L. , Johansson Peter A. 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Pathogenic BAP1 germline variants cause a tumor-predisposition syndrome ( BAP1-TPDS) linked to uveal melanoma, mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Surveillance of carriers of pathogenic BAP1 variants provides an opportunity for early tumor detection; however, there are no evidence-based guidelines for management of BAP1-TPDS, nor health economic evaluation; this study aims to provide this evidence. METHODS We created a Markov microsimulation health state transition model of BAP1 germline carriers to predict if active surveillance for the four main tumors influences survival and improves associated economic costs with a time horizon of 100 years from the perspective of the healthcare system (N = 10,000). Model inputs were derived from data published by the BAP1 Interest Group Consortium and other studies. Management and healthcare costs were extracted from Australian costing schedules (final figures converted to US dollars [USD]), and outcomes compared for individuals receiving surveillance with those in a nonsurveillance arm. Robustness was evaluated on 10,000 iterations of a 100-sample random sampling of the model output. RESULTS On average, surveillance of BAP1 carriers increased survival by 4.9 years at an additional cost of $6,197 USD for the healthcare system including surveillance costs ($1,265 USD per life year gained). The nonsurveillance arm had more diagnosed late tumors (62.8% v 10.7%) and a higher rate of BAP1-related deaths (50.2% v 35.4%; a 29.5% increase). The model was cost-effective under all sensitivity analyses. Our secondary robustness analysis estimated that 99.86% of 100-sample iterations were cost-effective and 19.67% of these were cost-saving. CONCLUSION It is recommended that carriers of BAP1 germline variants are identified and undertake active surveillance, as this model suggests that this could improve survival and be cost-effective for the healthcare system.
Lactation Induction in a Transgender Woman Wanting to Breastfeed: Case Report
Authors: Wamboldt Rachel , Shuster Shirley , Sidhu Bikrampal S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Breastfeeding is known to have many health and wellness benefits to the mother and infant; however, breastfeeding in trans women has been greatly under-researched.

Objective
To review potential methods of lactation induction in trans women wishing to breastfeed and to review the embryological basis for breastfeeding in trans women.

Design
This article summarizes a case of successful lactation in a trans woman, in which milk production was achieved in just over 1 month.

Setting
This patient was followed in an outpatient endocrinology clinic.

Participant
A single trans woman was followed in our endocrinology clinic for a period of 9 months while she took hormone therapy to help with lactation.

Interventions
Readily available lactation induction protocols for nonpuerpural mothers were reviewed and used to guide hormone therapy selection. Daily dose of progesterone was increased from 100 mg to 200 mg daily. The galactogogue domperidone was started at 10 mg 3 times daily and titrated up to effect. She was encouraged to use an electric pump and to increase her frequency of pumping.

Main Outcome Measure
Lactation induction

Results
At one month, she had noticed a significant increase in her breast size and fullness. Her milk supply had increased rapidly, and she was producing up to 3 to 5 ounces of milk per day with manual expression alone.

Conclusions
We report the second case in the medical literature to demonstrate successful breastfeeding in a trans woman through use of hormonal augmentation.
Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome
Authors: Zhadina Maria , Roszko Kelly L , Geels Raya E S , de Castro Luis F , Collins Michael T , Boyce Alison M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome (FD/MAS) is a rare bone and endocrine disorder resulting in fractures, pain, and disability. There are no targeted or effective therapies to alter the disease course. Disease arises from somatic gain-of-function variants at the R201 codon in GNAS, replacing arginine by either cysteine or histidine. The relative pathogenicity of these variants is not fully understood.

Objective
This work aimed 1) to determine whether the most common GNAS variants (R201C and R201H) are associated with a specific clinical phenotype, and 2) to determine the prevalence of the most common GNAS variants in a large patient cohort.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional analysis measured the correlation between genotype and phenotype characterized by clinical, biochemical, and radiographic data.

Results
Sixty-one individuals were genotyped using DNA extracted from tissue or circulating cell-free DNA. Twenty-two patients (36.1%) had the R201C variant, and 39 (63.9%) had the R201H variant. FD skeletal disease burden, hypophosphatemia prevalence, fracture incidence, and ambulation status were similar between the 2 groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of endocrinopathies, ultrasonographic gonadal or thyroid abnormalities, or pancreatic involvement. There was a nonsignificant association of cancer with the R201H variant.

Conclusion
There is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with the most common FD/MAS pathogenic variants. The predominance of the R201H variant observed in our cohort and reported in the literature indicates it is likely responsible for a larger burden of disease in the overall population of patients with FD/MAS, which may have important implications for the future development of targeted therapies.
Long-term Effect of Aromatase Inhibition in Aromatase Excess Syndrome
Authors: Binder Gerhard , Nakamura Akie , Schweizer Roland , Ogata Tsutomu , Fukami Maki , Nagasaki Keisuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a very rare disorder characterized by prepubertal gynecomastia, bone age acceleration, and early growth arrest. Heterozygote submicroscopic rearrangements within the promotor of CYP19A1 result in overexpression of aromatase and enhanced aromatization of androgens.

Objective
The objective was to study long-term treatment effects of an aromatase inhibitor.

Methods
Data from 7 boys with AEXS were retrospectively collected. Genetic analysis revealed upstream of CYP19A1 a 165 901 bp deletion in 4 German cousins, a 198 662 bp deletion in 2 Japanese brothers, and a 387 622 bp tandem duplication in a Japanese boy.

Results
All boys developed prepubertal gynecomastia, at median 9.0 years of age (range: 7.0-11.0). Height was +1.20 standard deviation score (SDS) (–0.24 to +1.98); predicted adult height was -1.29 SDS (-3.29 to +1.09). Four boys were treated with 1.0 mg of anastrozole daily, while 3 reached adult height untreated. Treatment with anastrozole was stopped after 5.6 years (4.0-6.8). Three treated boys exceeded their prognosis by 2.4, 6.9, and 8.1 cm, while 1 untreated boy fell below the prognosis by 8.6 cm. One treated with a low dose and 2 untreated reached their prognosis. Adult heights were –0.91 SDS with anastrozole (–2.86 to –0.29) and –0.15 SDS without (–2.31 to –0.03). Distance to target height was –0.22 SDS with anastrozole (–1.72 to +0.52) and +0.54 SDS without (+0.23 to +1.30).

Conclusion
Spontaneous growth in AEXS varied, even in the same family. Our data suggest that early started, long-term inhibition by anastrozole promotes adult height in boys with AEXS.