bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signature of mid‐Pleistocene lineages in the European silver fir (Abies albaMill.) at its geographic distribution margin
Authors: Scotti‐Saintagne Caroline , Boivin Thomas , Suez Marie , Musch Brigitte , Scotti Ivan , Fady Bruno 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a conservation and sustainable management perspective, we identify the ecological, climatic, and demographic factors responsible for the genetic diversity patterns of the European silver fir (Abies albaMill.) at its southwestern range margin (Pyrenees Mountains, France, Europe). We sampled 45 populations throughout the French Pyrenees and eight neighboring reference populations in the Massif Central, Alps, and Corsica. We genotyped 1,620 individuals at three chloroplast and ten nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed within‐ and among‐population genetic diversity using phylogeographic reconstructions, tests of isolation‐by‐distance, Bayesian population structure inference, modeling of demographic scenarios, and regression analyses of genetic variables with current and past environmental variables. Genetic diversity decreased from east to west suggesting isolation‐by‐distance from the Alps to the Pyrenees and from the Eastern to the Western Pyrenees. We identified two Pyrenean lineages that diverged from a third Alpine–Corsica–Massif Central lineage 0.8 to 1.1 M years ago and subsequently formed a secondary contact zone in the Central Pyrenees. Population sizes underwent contrasted changes, with a contraction in the west and an expansion in the east. Glacial climate affected the genetic composition of the populations, with the western genetic cluster only observed in locations corresponding to the coldest past climate and highest elevations. The eastern cluster was observed over a larger range of temperatures and elevations. All demographic events shaping the current spatial structure of genetic diversity took place during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition, long before the onset of the Holocene. The Western Pyrenees lineage may require additional conservation efforts, whereas the eastern lineage is well protected in in situ gene conservation units. Due to past climate oscillations and the likely emergence of independent refugia, east–west oriented mountain ranges may be important reservoir of genetic diversity in a context of past and ongoing climate change in Europe.
Drought effects on montane grasslands nullify benefits of advanced flowering phenology due to warming
Authors: Schuchardt Max A. , Berauer Bernd J. , von Heßberg Andreas , Wilfahrt Peter , Jentsch Anke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWarming due to climate change is generally expected to lengthen the growing season in areas of seasonal climate and to advance plant phenology, particularly the onset of leafing and flowering. However, a reduction in aboveground biomass production and reproductive output may occur when warming is accompanied by drought that crosses critical water deficit thresholds. Tracking warmer temperatures has been shown to be species‐specific with unknown impacts on community composition and productivity. The variability in species’ ability to leverage earlier leaf unfolding and flowering into increased aboveground net primary production (ANPP) or increased investments into reproductive organs has heretofore been poorly explored. We tested whether phenological sensitivity to temperature, as a result of experimental warming, directly translated into increased plant performance, as measured by ANPP and flower abundance. In order to experimentally simulate climate warming, we translocated a total of 45 intact soil–plant communities downslope along an elevational gradient of 900 m within the European Alps from 1260 to 350 m asl and weekly recorded flower abundance and total green cover as well as cumulative biomass production at peak growing season. We found that advanced phenology at lower elevations was related to increased reproductive performance and conditional on whether they experienced drought stress. While a temperature increase of +1K had positive effects on the amount of reproductive organs for species with accelerated phenology, temperature increase going along with drier conditions resulted in plants being unable to sustain early investment in reproduction as measured by flower abundance. This finding highlights that the interaction of two climate change drivers, warming and drought, can push communities’ past resistance thresholds. Moreover, we detected biotic competition mechanisms and shifts toward forb‐depressed states with graminoids best taking advantage of experimentally altered increased temperature and reduced precipitation. Our results suggest that while species may track warmer future climates, concurrent drought events post a high risk for failure of temperature‐driven improvement of reproductive performance and biomass production in the European Alps.
Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of a run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectricity power plant in Turkey
Authors: Bor Aslı , Üçtuğ Fehmi Görkem 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe environmental and economic life cycle assessment of a real‐life run‐of‐the‐river type hydroelectricity power plant in Turkey has been performed by considering the following stages: raw material acquisition, construction (including waste management), and transportation. CCaLC2 software and CML2001 methodology were used to calculate six different environmental impacts, whereas the economic impact was chosen as the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Functional unit was 1 MWh of electricity generated. The environmental impacts were found to be on average 95% lower than those of the Turkish grid, and the LCOE was calculated as $58.4/MWh. This outcome is understandable considering the high share of fossil fuels, especially low‐quality lignite, in Turkish electricity grid. The results were compared to those of a similar study conducted abroad and all the impacts were found to have the same order of magnitude, proving that this study is methodologically consistent with the literature. The main conclusion is that hydroelectricity produced by run‐of‐the‐river type plants in Turkey is environmentally friendly and economically viable compared to grid electricity. This is the first study in Turkey on the life cycle impact analysis of hydroelectricity and one of the few studies that consider economic and environmental factors simultaneously.
Narrative plots for regulatory, distributive, and redistributive policies
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Blum Sonja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has ignited a remarkably active research community, one of its main contributions being distinct narrative elements—including settings, characters, and plots. Yet, while the plot constitutes a core element of narrativity, it has received less attention vis‐à‐vis other narrative components. Existing classifications of plots have been proven to possess a great ability to capture “universal” policy stories, but not the specific variations of different types of policies. This article presents a typology of plots by linking their universal and policy‐specific themes, thereby theorizing from Lowi's seminal typology of regulatory, distributive, and redistributive policies. Empirically, it focuses on the political communication of Germany's policy responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Policy narratives were mined from Twitter and from governmental press conferences (March–June 2020). The qualitative NPF analysis demonstrates that the identified plots—restricting‐to‐control, liberating‐to‐promote, providing‐to‐promote, giving‐to‐give, and giving‐to‐promote—can grasp different regulatory, distributive, and redistributive policies as well as their variety.
Designing inelastic geotechnical systems on the basis of single design elastic response spectrum
Authors: Garini Evangelia , Gazetas George 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne of the greatest uncertainties in earthquake‐resistant design is the proper selection of ground motions to be used as excitations. The universally accepted way to confront this is the establishment of the design linear elastic response (LER) spectrum as the basis of excitation for all types of man‐made and natural systems — elastic and inelastic. By demonstrating that the “critical” ground motions are fundamentally different for elastic and inelastic systems, the paper challenges the usefulness of the concept of design LER spectrum for strongly inelastic geotechnical systems, as well as for specific inelastic structural systems such as base‐isolated structures on friction bearings. While dogmatically respecting such a spectrum may be appropriate for elastic or mildly‐inelastic systems, it is shown to be of secondary relevance for strongly inelastic systems, which are vulnerable to acceleration and velocity pulses of long duration, as the late Professor Vitelmo Bertero had demonstrated 40 years ago. Attributed primarily to forward‐rupture directivity effects in near fault recordings and somewhat less frequently to fling steps appearing close to dip‐slip and strike‐slip faults emerging on the ground surface, such acceleration and/or velocity pulses are not always adequately reflected in current design elastic spectra. It is also shown that to such motions, highly‐asymmetric geotechnical systems like slopes and retaining walls may exhibit a striking sensitivity not only to near‐fault characteristics of excitations but also to the "polarity" of motions, an outcome of inelasticity which cannot be anticipated on the basis of current design LER spectra.
Particle-Specific Toxicity of Copper Nanoparticles to Soybean (Glycine max L.): Effects of Nanoparticle Concentration and Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Xiao Yinlong , Tang Wei , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
For the soluble metallic nanoparticles (NPs), which forms (particles [NP(particle)] vs. dissolved ions [NP(ion)]) are the main cause of toxicity of the NP suspension (NP(total)) remains uncertain. In the present study, soybean was exposed to Cu NPs in a hydroponic system to determine how natural organic matter (NOM; 10 mg/l) and concentration of Cu NP(total) (2–50 mg/l) affect the relative contributions of Cu NP(particle) and Cu NP(ion) to the overall toxicity. We found that NOM mitigated the phytotoxicity of Cu NP(particle) more significantly than that of Cu salt. When no NOM was added, Cu NP(particle) rather than Cu NP(ion) was the main contributor to the observed toxicity regardless of the concentration of Cu NP(total). However, NOM tended to reduce the relative contribution of Cu NP(particle) to the toxicity of Cu NP(total). Especially at a low concentration of Cu NP(total) (2 mg/l), the toxicity of Cu NP(total) mainly resulted from Cu NP(ion) in the presence of NOM (accounting for ≥70% of the overall toxicity). This might be attributable to the combined effects of increased dissolution of Cu NPs and steric-electrostatic hindrance between Cu NP(particle) and the soybean roots caused by NOM. Fulvic acids (FAs) tended to reduce the role of Cu NP(particle) in the overall toxicity more effectively than humic acids (HAs), which might partially be due to the higher extent of Cu NP dissolution on FA treatment than in HA treatment. Our results suggest that because of the relatively low metallic NP concentration and the presence of NOM in natural water, NP(ion) are likely problematic, which can inform management and mitigation actions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2825–2835. © 2021 SETAC
The Impact of COVID-19 on Freshwater Fisheries Fieldwork and Data Collection
Authors: Tracy Erin E , Teal Chad N , Ingram Steven J , Jenney Christopher J , Grant Joshua D , Bonar Scott A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has affected almost every aspect of society including freshwater fisheries fieldwork. Our study quantified the effects of the pandemic on fisheries fieldwork in the United States. We administered a survey to fisheries chiefs in all 50 states to assess the pandemic’s impact on fisheries fieldwork. Of the 37 participants, 91% reported the pandemic affected their fieldwork and 92% adapted their sampling methods in response to the pandemic. Common adaptation strategies included using personal protective equipment (100%), practicing social distancing (97%), using smaller crews (82%), and developing contingency plans (51%). Based on the survey results, we identified potential challenges to adaptations and offered strategies to improve them. Strategies we identified include adopting novel data collection techniques, finding new positions for temporary employees, and publicly sharing contingency plans. Ultimately, this paper offers novel guidance on how fisheries professionals can best move forward with fieldwork during a time of crisis.
Goodbye to “Rough Fish”: Paradigm Shift in the Conservation of Native Fishes
Authors: Rypel Andrew L , Saffarinia Parsa , Vaughn Caryn C , Nesper Larry , O’Reilly Katherine , Parisek Christine A , Miller Matthew L , Moyle Peter B , Fangue Nann A , Bell-Tilcock Miranda , Ayers David , David Solomon R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
While sometimes difficult to admit, perspectives of European and white males have overwhelmingly dominated fisheries science and management in the USA. This dynamic is exemplified by bias against “rough fish”—a pejorative ascribing low-to-zero value for countless native fishes. One product of this bias is that biologists have ironically worked against conservation of diverse fishes for over a century, and these problems persist today. Nearly all U.S. states retain bag limits and other policies that are regressive and encourage overfishing and decline of native species. Multiple lines of evidence point towards the need for a paradigm shift. These include: (1) native species deliver critical ecosystem services; (2) little demonstration that native fish removals deliver intended benefits; (3) many native fishes are long-lived and vulnerable to overfishing and decline; and (4) fisher values and demographics shifting towards native fish conservation. Overall, existing native fish policies are unacceptable and run counter to the public trust doctrine where government agencies manage natural resources for public use. We encourage agencies to revisit their policies regarding native fishes and provide suggestions for developing more holistic, protective, and inclusive conservation policy.
Heat‐killed Mycolicibacterium aurum Aogashima: An environmental nonpathogenic actinobacteria under development as a safe novel food ingredient
Authors: Nouioui Imen , Dye Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the last few decades, a wealth of evidence has formed the basis for “the Old Friends hypothesis” suggesting that, in contrast to the past, increasingly people are living in environments with limited and less diverse microbial exposure, with potential consequences for their health. Hence, including safe live or heat‐killed microbes in the diet may be beneficial in promoting and maintaining human health. In order to assess the safety of microbes beyond the current use of standardized cultures and probiotic supplements, new approaches are being developed. Here, we present evidence for the safety of heat‐killed Mycolicibacterium aurum Aogashima as a novel food, utilizing the decision tree approach developed by Pariza and colleagues (2015). We provide evidence that the genome of M. aurum Aogashima is free of (1) genetic elements associated with pathogenicity or toxigenicity, (2) transferable antibiotic resistance gene DNA, and (3) genes coding for antibiotics used in human or veterinary medicine. Moreover, a 90‐day oral toxicity study in rats showed that (4) the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was the highest concentration tested, namely 2000 μg/kg BW/day. We conclude that oral consumption of heat‐killed M. aurum Aogashima is safe and warrants further evaluation as a novel food ingredient.
A Review of Quantitative Instruments for Understanding Breastfeeding Dynamics
Authors: Torabinia Matin , Rosenblatt Steven D. , Mosadegh Bobak 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreastfeeding, as a unique behavior of the postpartum period and an ideal source of nourishment, is profoundly impacted by the physiology and behavior of both mothers and infants. For more than three‐quarters of a century, there has been an ongoing advancement of instruments that permit insight into the complex process of latching during breastfeeding, which includes coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Despite the available methodologies for understanding latching dynamics, there continues to be a large void in the understanding of infant latching and feeding. The causes for many breastfeeding difficulties remain unclear, and until a clearer understanding of the mechanics involved is achieved, the struggle will continue in the attempts to aid infants and mothers who struggle to breastfeed. In this review, the history of development for the most prominent tools employed to analyze breastfeeding dynamics is presented. Additionally, the importance of the most advanced instruments and systems used to understand latching dynamics is highlighted and how medical practitioners utilize them is reported. Finally, a controversial argument amongst pediatric otolaryngolo gists concerning breastfeeding difficulties is reviewed and the urgent need for quantification of latching dynamics in conjunction with milk removal rate through prospective controlled studies is discussed.
Characterizing the molecular etiology of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in patients with LGI4 mutations
Authors: Booth Daniel G. , Kozar Nina , Bradley Stephen , Meijer Dies 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDisruption of axon‐glia interactions in the peripheral nervous system has emerged as a major cause of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a condition characterized by multiple congenital postural abnormalities involving the major joints. Several genes crucially important to the biology of Schwann cells have now been implicated with AMC. One such gene is LGI4 which encodes a secreted glycoprotein. LGI4 is expressed and secreted by Schwann cells and binds its receptor ADAM22 on the axonal membrane to drive myelination. Homozygous mutations in LGI4 or ADAM22 results in severe congenital hypomyelination and joint contractures in mice. Recently bi‐allelic LGI4 loss of function mutations has been described in three unrelated families with severe AMC. Two individuals in a fourth, non‐consanguineous family were found to be compound heterozygous for two LGI4 missense mutations. It is not known how these missense mutations affect the biology of LGI4. Here we investigated whether these missense mutations affected the secretion of the protein, its ADAM22 binding capacity, or its myelination‐promoting function. We demonstrate that the mutations largely affect the progression of the mutant protein through the endomembrane system resulting in severely reduced expression. Importantly, binding to ADAM22 and myelination‐promoting activity appear largely unaffected, suggesting that treatment with chemical chaperones to improve secretion of the mutant proteins might prove beneficial.
Cultivating postsecondary aspirations in immigrant and refugee families through community education, engagement, and empowerment
Authors: Kiyama Judy Marquez , Crespin‐Palmer Veronica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunity‐based and participatory action research partnerships between community organizations and postsecondary institutions offer powerful possibilities for expanding educational opportunity, capacity building, and social change. When family members of the local community are included in such partnerships, opportunities for equity‐focused transformation becomes even greater. The purpose of this article is to describe a community partnership between the University of Denver and RISE Colorado, including family members from local Burmese, Nepali, and Spanish‐speaking immigrant and refugee communities. We offer an overview of the methodology, process, and purpose of the research partnership, highlighting the importance of collaborating with and centering community knowledge and cultural ways of knowing among refugee communities.
Conceptualizing a multi‐layered shingle aquifer model based on volcanic stratigraphy and water inflow to lava caves in Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Ahn Ung San , Koh Dong‐Chan , Heo Joonghyeok , Cho Byong‐Wook , Kim Taehee , Yum Byoung‐Woo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVolcanic aquifers supply a substantial portion of water resources in many parts of the world, including islands, and their productivity depends strongly on volcanic stratigraphy, which exhibits considerable heterogeneity. We investigated water inflow to lava tube caves formed from numerous basaltic lava flows in the northeastern coastal area of Jeju Island after storm events and monitored relative inflow rates monthly over 1 year to characterize groundwater flow processes in the upper parts of volcanic aquifers, and to evaluate the applicability of the previous hydrogeological models proposed for the island. Considerable water inflow arose shortly after storms from exposed palaeosol layers on the walls of the caves. The monthly monitoring results showed that wall inflow associated with these palaeosol layers is substantial. In both cases, discharge from ceiling drips was much less and more temporally variable compared to wall inflow discharge. Water flowing into the caves was rapidly drained through the floor at all monitoring sites. The lateral extent of the palaeosol layers was identified using drill core logs near the cave and outcrops in the coastal area. Based on these results, we inferred that multiple perched aquifers are formed by low‐permeability palaeosol layers between lava flows, which are connected by vertical flows at discontinuities in the palaeosol layer, eventually reaching the basal aquifer. This study revealed the water inflow processes observed in lava tube caves constrained by palaeosol layers, and established a hydrogeological conceptual model incorporating multiple perched aquifers in both coastal and mountainous areas associated with extensive palaeosol layers formed during volcanic hiatuses. This finding would help elucidate recharge, groundwater flow, and contaminant transport processes in many volcanic aquifers that are not adequately represented by the previous models, and contribute to better management of groundwater in those areas.