bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Documenting Patients’ and Providers’ Preferences When Proposing a Randomized Controlled Trial: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Oberoi Devesh , Kwok Cynthia , Li Yong , Railton Cindy , Horsman Susan , Reynolds Kathleen , Joy Anil A. , King Karen Marie , Lupichuk Sasha Michelle , Speca Michael , Culos-Reed Nicole , Carlson Linda E , Giese-Davis Janine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
With advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) are living longer, increasing the number of patients receiving post-treatment follow-up care. Best-practice survivorship models recommend transitioning ESBC patients from oncology-provider (OP) care to community-based care. While developing materials for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the feasibility of a nurse-led Telephone Survivorship Clinic (TSC) for a smooth transition of ESBC survivors to follow-up care, we sought to explore patients’ and OPs’ reactions to our proposed recruitment methods.
Methods
We used a qualitative study design with content analysis, and a two-pronged approach. We interviewed OPs, seeking feedback on ways to recruit their ESBC patients for the trial, and ESBC patients, seeking input on a questionnaire package assessing outcomes and processes in the trial.
Results
OPs identified facilitators and barriers and offered suggestions for study design and recruitment process improvement. Facilitators included the novelty and utility of the study and simplicity of methods; barriers included lack of coordination between treating and discharging clinicians, time constraints, language barriers, motivation, and using a paper-based referral letter. OPs suggested using a combination of electronic and paper referral letters and supporting clinicians to help with recruitment. Patient advisors reported satisfaction with the content and length of the assessment package. However, they questioned the relevance of some questions (childhood trauma) while adding questions about trust in physicians and proximity to primary-care providers.
Conclusion
OPs and patient advisors rated our methods for the proposed trial highly for their simplicity and relevance then suggested changes. These findings document processes that could be effective for cancer-patient recruitment in survivorship clinical trials.
Laboratory Studies on The Effect of MSW Leachate on Soil by Using One-Dimensional Soil Column Method
Authors: Rajapriya R , Murugaiyan V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To understand the soil-pollutant interaction geo-environmental engineer design a hydraulic barrier to control the transport of pollutant through the soil and minimize the pollution of affecting the soil properties. Hence, in this study one-dimensional soil column method was stimulated similar to the field conditions. The extraction of leachate from the municipal solid waste was manipulated based on the annual precipitation data. The test result showed that the concentration of extracted leachate was increased up to 45 days and slightly decreased by increasing the addition of water. The interaction of extracted leachate changes the soil characteristics (i.e., increasing tendency by period). The result showed that the LL and PL of the soil was increased by increasing the addition of leachate. The UCS was increased from 167.80 kPa to 176.54 kPa up to 75th days and then decreased gradually at 95th to 105th days. Conversely, hydraulic conductivity was decreased at the initial stage and then gradually increased at the end of the experiment. These changes in the soil characteristics are mainly due to the alters of soil particles into dispersive structure with more effective pore space, which reduces the soil strength and increases the permeability value.
Protective role of Salvia miltiorrhiza Polysaccharides on Florfenicol Induced Oxidative and Apoptotic Injury of Liver in Broilers
Authors: Wang Xiao , Cui Yuqing , Han Chao , Geng Yumeng , Zhang Di , Liu Wei , Shi Wanyu , Bao Yongzhan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Polysaccharides (SMPs) can alleviate liver injury in mice, but there are few reports on liver injury of broilers, especially the liver injury caused by antibiotics. To explore the hepatoprotective effects of SMPs against florfenicol (FFC) induced broilers liver injury, the broilers were treated with FFC and SMPs. The results showed SMPs could significantly inhibit the decrease of weight gain and the increase of liver index induced by FFC (P < 0.05). SMPs could significantly reduce the contents of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum and the malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in liver tissues (P < 0.05), also significantly increased the content of total protein (TP) in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in liver tissues (P < 0.05). QPCR and western bolt results showed that SMPs significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), cytochrome P4502H1 (CYP2H1), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO-1) in liver tissue, also significantly reduced the rate of hepatocyte apoptosis and the mRNA and protein expression of p53, cytochrome-C (CytC), caspase-3 in liver tissue (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that SMPs can inhibit the oxidative stress in hepatocytes by regulating the related proteins in Nrf2 pathway, thereby reducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes, and protecting liver injury.
Respiratory Depression Following Cesarean Delivery With Single-Shot Spinal With 100 μg Morphine
Authors: CE Hiroki Onodera , Ida Mitsuru , Naito Yusuke , Akasaki Yuka , Kinomoto Akane , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the rate of cumulative bradypnea time (total bradypnea time/total monitoring time) and its related factors in these parturients.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of women undergoing elective and non-elective cesarean delivery under single-shot spinal including 0.1 mg morphine. The Berlin Questionnaire was used to screen for sleep apnea syndrome preoperatively. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored continuously using an adhesive acoustic respiration sensor and pulse oximeter, respectively, at least 6 hours after cesarean delivery. Bradypnea was defined as a respiratory rate < 8 bpm lasting at least 25 s (sustained bradypnea) and at least 15 s (immediate bradypnea), respectively. Hypoxemia was defined as SpO2 < 92% lasting at least 25 s (sustained hypoxemia) and at least 15 s (immediate hypoxemia) multiple regression analysis was applied to assess related factors to the rate of cumulative sustained bradypnea.Results: Of 159 patients with a mean body mass index of 26.0 kg/m2, the Berlin Questionnaire was positive in 16.3%, and 77 (48.4%) experienced sustained bradypnea. The median rate of cumulative sustained bradypnea time was 0.70 % (interquartile range 0.35 to 1.45) without any related factors. The incidence of immediate bradypnea and sustained and immediate hypoxemia were 58.5%, 24.5%, and 37.7%, respectively. However, none of the factors were statistically significant. Conclusion: After cesarean delivery performed with intrathecal morphine 0.1 mg, respiratory depression events were commonly observed. However, the rate of cumulative bradypnea time was very low and there were no related factors.Trial registration number and date of registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 0035832) and Dec. 24th, 2018
Pars Plana Lensectomy and Iris-Claw Artisan Intraocular Lens Implantation in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Karimi Saeed , Karjou Zahra , Yaghoobi Mohadeseh , Nikkhah Homayoun , Safi Sare 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of pars plana lensectomy and iris-claw artisan intra-ocular lens (IOL) implantation in the patients with subluxated crystalline lens secondary to Marfan syndrome.Methods: In this retrospective case series, we evaluate the records of all patients with Marfan syndrome and moderate to severe crystalline lens subluxation who underwent pars plana lensectomy/anterior vitrectomy and implantation of iris-claw artisan IOL at referral hospital from September 2015 to October 2019.Results: Twenty-one eyes of fifteen patients (10 males and 5 females) with the mean age of 24.47 ± 19.14 years were included. Mean best-corrected visual acuity was improved from 1.17 ± 0.55 logMAR to 0.64 ± 0.71 logMAR at the final follow-up visit (P <0.001). The mean intraocular pressure did not change significantly (P = 0.971). The final refraction showed a mean sphere of 0.54 ± 2.46 D and a mean cylinder -0.81 ± 1.03 at the mean axis of 57.92 ± 58.33 degrees. One eye developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment two months after surgery.Conclusion: Pars plana lensectomy and iris-claw artisan IOL implantation seem to be a useful, impressive and safe procedure with a low rate of complications in Marfan patients with moderate to severe crystalline lens subluxation. Visual acuity was significantly improved with the acceptable anatomical and refractive outcomes.
The Prognosis of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: Development And Validation of A Nomogram Based On SEER
Authors: Xie Yuanyuan , Lin Zhiyong , Shi Haochun , Sun Xiang , Gu Lizhong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The rarity of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) and the lack of prospective clinical trials have led to limited knowledge of its clinical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors of PSC and to build a nomogram for clinical practice.Methods: Eligible patients diagnosed from 2010 to 2016 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. e compared the clinical characteristics and survival times of PSC patients with those of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients. We also used univariate and multivariable Cox regression to estimate mortality hazard ratios (HRs) among patients with PSC, while a visual nomogram was established to judge the prognosis. Discrimination, calibration, clinical utility, and reproducibility were validated by Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).Results: A total of 400 PSC patients (0.42%) were identified in the SEER database, while 58474 and 33637 patients were diagnosed with LADC and LSCC, respectively. Age, T stage, grade, surgery and radiation were shown to be significant prognostic factors in the Cox regression analyses and were included in the nomogram as predictors. The C-index of the nomogram in the validation set was 0.759. The AUC also demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram, and DCA demonstrated its good clinical applicability.Conclusion: We established a novel nomogram to predict the prognosis of PSC, which can help clinicians make tailored decisions and adjust follow-up management strategies and can provide accurate and individualized survival predictions.
Micropulse Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation: One-year Results and Comparison of two Different Laser Settings in Severe Glaucoma
Authors: Chemello Francesca , Barosco Guido , Rodella Anna , Ceruti Piero , Morbio Roberta , Marcigaglia Mattia , Marchini Giorgio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC) as a therapeutic option for severe glaucoma and to compare two different durations of treatment.Methods: Retrospective observational study of 40 eyes of 40 patients affected by different types of glaucoma treated with micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation at 2000 mW for a duration of either 90 seconds per hemisphere (20 patients) or 80 seconds per hemisphere (20 patients) at 31.3% duty cycle. As main outcomes were evaluated postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and topical drugs reduction. Complications of the treatment and a comparative analysis of 2 different durations as secondary outcomes.Results: MP-CPC was successful in 26 patients (65%) and achieved a significant IOP reduction of 34.4% (p<0.001) after 12 months. The mean number of topical antiglaucoma medications has not statistically decreased from baseline (3.4 ± 1.0) to 12 months (3.2 ± 0.8). One case of IOP spike (>35 mmHg) and 1 case of cystoid macular oedema were the only complications detected. The comparison between the 90 seconds per hemisphere and the 80 seconds per hemisphere group did not show any statistically significant difference in IOP reduction, topical medication burden and incidence of complications.Conclusion: MP-CPC demonstrated to be an effective and safe treatment in lowering the IOP. Glaucoma topical medications did not significantly reduce. From our comparative analysis reducing the duration of treatment seems not to affect the outcomes.
Insulin Smart Drug Delivery Nanoparticles of Aminophenylboronic acid–POSS Molecule at Neutral pH
Authors: Kim Won Jung , Kwon Yong Jin , Ye Sang Kyu , Kim Kyu Oh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Self-regulated “smart” insulin administration system that mimic pancreatic endocrine function would be highly desirable for diabetes management. Here, a glucose-responsive continuous insulin delivery system is developed, where novel polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) modified with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) were used to encapsulate insulin (insulin entrapment efficiency : 73.2%; loading capacity : 50.5%) to prepare a fast response, high stability, good distribution, and excellent biocompatible system. Micelles self‐assembled from these molecules possess glucose‐responsiveness at varying glucose concentrations. The interaction of the PBA and diol containing insulin via boronate ester bond and its interchange with glucose was investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR and XPS. Furthermore, the successful glucose-triggered release of insulin from the POSS-APBA micelles was investigated at neutral pH. A linear graph was plotted with the measured released insulin vs glucose concentrations, with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) value close to 1. When confirming intracellular apoptosis signaling, cleaved caspase 3 and caspase 9 were not increased by 640 µg/ml POSS-APBA and POSS-APBA@Insulin in HeLa cells and HDF cells. Application in the biomedical field for controlled delivery of insulin appear to be promising.
Combinatorial Treatment of Tinzaparin and Chemotherapy can Induce a Significant Antitumor Effectin Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sarantis Panagiotis , Bokas Alexandros , Papadimitropoulou Adriana , Koustas Evangelos , Theocharis Stamatios , Papakotoulas Pavlos , Schizas Dimitrios , Papalampros Alexandros , Felekouras Evangelos , Papavassiliou Athanasios G , Karamouzis Michalis V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is recognized as a highly thrombogenic tumor, with over 20% of patients suffering from venous thromboembolism during the disease. Thus, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) such as Tinzaparin is routinely used for PC patients. On the basis of combinatorial therapy approach to treating highly malignant and refractory cancers such as PC, we hypothesized that Tinzaparin can augment the effectiveness of traditional chemotheurapeutic drugs and induce efficient antitumor activity.Methods: PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2 were incubated alone or in combination with Tinzaparin, Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine. In vivo evaluation of these compounds was performed at NOD/SCID mouse using a model injected with PANC-1.Results: Tinzaparin enhances the anti-tumor effect of Nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in mtKRAS PC cell lines via apoptosis at in vitro experiments. The triple combination acts through induction of apoptosis, reduction of the proliferative potential and angiogenesis hence contributing to a decrease in tumor volume observed in vivo. Tumor reduction observed in mice receiving the triple combinational chemotherapy, was 74.5% compared to the control. The triple regime provided an extra 8.2% and 24.3% tumor reduction compared to the control and the double combination (gemcitambine plus Nab-paclitaxel) respectively.Conclusions: Combinatorial strategy can create novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients with Pancreatic Cancer, achieving a better clinical outcome and prolonged survival. Further prospective randomized research is recommended and the investigation of various concentrations of Tinzaparin above of 150 UI/Kg, would potentially provide a valuable synergistic effect to the conventional therapeutic compounds.
Demographic Profile and Clinical Course of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in Mexican Patients.
Authors: Barrera-Sanchez Maximiliano , Hernandez-Camarena Julio C. , Ruiz-Lozano Raul E. , Valdez-Garcia Jorge E. , Rodriguez-Garcia Alejandro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the demographic characteristics and clinical course of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) in a Mexican-mestizo population.
Methods
A retrospective observational and longitudinal study was performed in consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy seen at our institution. Initial and last follow-up best corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp findings, and specular microscopy endothelial morphometric parameters were analyzed.
Results
One hundred and two eyes belonging to 51 patients were included in the analysis. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 69 years (range, 25–87 years) with a female-to-male ratio of 3.3:1. Visual loss (59.8%) and fluctuating matutine vision (7.8%) were the most common complaints at presentation. Regarding FECD staging, 65 (63.7%) were classified as stage-I FECD, 21 (20.6%) stage-II, and 15 (14.7%) as stage-III. A high percentage of eyes (44%) presented visual impairment (≤ 20/40) at presentation, and the presence of isolated corneal guttata was the most common stage of presentation (64%) at slit-lamp examination. Fifty-nine (57.8%) eyes did not require any medical or surgical management, and 17% of the evaluated eyes finally required a corneal transplantation, being penetrating keratoplasty with 8 (44.4%) eyes the most frequent technique performed.
Conclusion
Demographical characteristics of Fuchs dystrophy regarding age at presentation, gender distribution, and clinical stage at the time of diagnosis did not differ significantly from other international reports. Almost 20% of these patients will require keratoplasty during the disease, emphasizing the need for safer and more reproducible keratoplasty techniques.
Spatiotemporal Patterns in a General Networked Activator-Substrate Model
Authors: Chen Mengxin , Zheng Qianqian , Wu Ranchao , Chen Liping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
For the purpose of understanding the spatiotemporal pattern formation in the random networked system, a general activator-substrate model with network structure is introduced. Firstly, we investigate the boundedness of the non-constant steady state of the elliptic system of the continuous media system. It is found that the non-constant steady state admits their upper and lower bounds with certain conditions. Then, one investigates some properties and non-existence of the non-constant steady state with the no-flux boundary conditions. The main results show that the diffusion rate of activator should greater than the diffusion rate of substrate. Otherwise, there might be no pattern formation of the system. Afterwards, a general random networked activator-substrate model is made public. The conditions of the stability, the Hopf bifurcation, the Turing instability and a co-dimensional-two Turing-Hopf bifurcation are yield by the method of stability analysis and bifurcation theorem. Finally, we choose a suitable sub-system of the general activator-substrate model to verify the theoretical results, and full numerical simulations are well verified these results. Especially, an interesting finding is that the stability of the positive equilibrium will switch from unstable to stable one with the change of the connection probability of the nodes, this is different from the pattern formation in the continuous media systems.
Protective Effects of Berberine as A Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent Against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Mice
Authors: Mombeini Mohammad Amin , Kalantar Hadi , Sadeghi Elahe , Goudarzi Mehdi , Khalili Hamidreza , Kalantar Mojtaba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with nephrotoxicity that constraints its clinical application. Berberine is an isoquinoline derivative alkaloid with biological functions like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The current research intended to examine the nephroprotective impacts of berberine against cyclophosphamide-stimulated nephrotoxicity.
Methods
Forty animal subjects were randomly separated into five categories of control (Group I). Cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p., on 7th day) (Group II), and groups III and IV that received berberine 50 and 100 mg/kg orally for seven days and a single injection of cyclophosphamide on 7th day. Group V as berberine (100 mg/kg, alone). On day 8, blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus to determine serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for kidney injury. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities as oxidative stress factors, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels as inflammatory mediators were assessed in kidney tissue.
Results
The results of this study demonstrated that berberine was able to protect remarkably the kidney from CP-induced injury through decreasing the level of BUN, Cr, NGAL, KIM-1, NO, MDA TNF-α, IL-1β and increasing the level of GSH, CAT, SOD and GPx activities.
Conclusion
Berberine may be employed as a natural agent to prevent cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.