bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the dependence of the foam concrete structural quality coefficient on the speed and duration of mixing the foam concrete mixture
Authors: Pavlov A N , Mailyan L R , Stel’makh S A , Shcherban’ E M , Sysoev A K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Experimental studies of the technological factors’ influence on the physical and mechanical properties of foam concrete were carried out. Additive Portland cement was used as a binder. Finely ground quartz sand of fractions 0.08-0.16 and 0.16-0.315 mm was used as a filler. Protein foaming agent Arecom-4 was used as a foaming agent. The porization time of the aerated concrete mixture was controlled using a stopwatch, and the rotation speed of the vertical rotor mixer shaft was controlled with a digital photo-tachometer. In the experiments, the following factors were varied: mixture porization time, mixing speed. The main characteristics of foam concrete were determined by testing the prototypes or their fragments according to the methods of the relevant regulatory documents using verified equipment. In the research laboratory of the DSTU, the studies on the influence of the speed and duration of mixing the foam concrete mixture on the density, strength and coefficient of the resulting foam concrete structural quality were carried out. The article presents the experimental dependences of the investigated characteristics on the speed and time of mixing the foam concrete mixture. The parameters of density and strength show a monotonic decline during pore formation, while the structural quality coefficient exhibits its maximum. The behavior of density, strength, coefficient of structural quality can be described in a single model using the parameters that reflect bonds loosening, a general decrease in the number of bonds in the material and the bonds’ change spatial distribution.
Application of the software package in the improvement of floors made of hollow core slabs
Authors: Ovchinnikova S V , Schneider E M , Kukinova G V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An overview of the rationale for the unweighted hollow-core floor slabs use is given. The technological and design features of hollow-core floor slabs are considered. The possibilities of rational use of unweighted hollow-core floor slabs are presented. The calculation of monolithic floor slabs was carried out in the Lira software package on the basis of existing technologies, current standards and the methods for calculating the unweighted hollow-core slabs. The performance of floor slabs with spans equal in two directions is considered. It was found that regardless of the span of the floor slab, the effect of reducing its own weight exceeds the effect of reducing the section rigidity. The total deflection due to the own weight of the floor slab and the payload on it for the hollow core slabs is lower than for solid slabs of the same span. The use of unweighted monolithic slabs provides a reduction in the dead weight of the floor slab up to 35%. Reducing the load on the slab also provides a reduction in the reinforcing steel materials application rate. The use of unweighted monolithic floors by reducing the weight of structures and reducing their deflections will significantly optimize the structural schemes of buildings. The performed numerical experiment makes it possible to establish the boundaries of the effectiveness of the unweighted hollow-core monolithic floor slabs‘ use, upon reaching which the use turns out to be significantly more profitable than the use of traditional beamless floors.
Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” section development based on information modeling
Authors: Zheleznov M M , Rybakova A O 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImproving the design efficiency of capital construction projects is one of the promising areas for the science and production development. Today, innovative methods exist and are being developed for rationalization at all stages of construction production. During the design phase, there are certain parts which work needs modernization. Section No. 2 of the project documentation “Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” was not subjected to automated influence and its design has been carried out in an exclusively conservative way for a long period of time. With the development of design automation tools, including information modeling technologies, new prospects for work and overall rationalization have become opened up for developers. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing methods of computer-aided design for the section “Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot” and their prospects, and the task is to determine the methodology for information modeling, taking into account the existing tools, software systems and the requirements of the legislation in the Russian Federation. This article outlines the features of the automated development in the section, the relationship between the software functionality and the specifics of projects, as well as the prospects for the development and integration of information modeling technologies in the field of land plots organization and planning.
Development of technological measures to ensure the safety of production facilities in petrochemical industry
Authors: Adamyan V L , Sergeeva G A , Seferyan L A , Gorlova N Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article, using the example of the production of methane oxidative ammonolysis, discusses the problems of safe process control. This is achieved by a set of precautionary measures. The industrial safety plan prevents one of the causes of technological equipment depressurization. The production of hydrocyanic acid by oxidative ammonolysis of methane is considered, in which, to prevent the vapor-gas mixture formation, it is necessary to ensure complete sealing of the apparatus in which the combustible substance is stored, and also to maintain the pressure in the apparatus equal to the design pressure.
A number of technical solutions, with the help of which it is possible to ensure the operation of devices with ammonia without the formation of explosive concentrations in them, are presented. These include: the presence of a mixture of combustible gas with an oxidizing agent with a working concentration in the apparatus above the upper or lower ignition limits, taking into account the safety margin; a system for supplying a non-combustible gas having a phlegmatizing property to the reaction zone; automatic regulators of the oxidizing agent and reducing agent ratio, as well as gas pressure regulators; protection against atmospheric and static electricity; automatic shutdown of the pipeline as a result of automatic shutoff of the valve; stationary gas analyzers that automatically signal a deviation from the norm.
Optimal ways to develop ecological and energy-efficient construction
Authors: Ovchinnikova S V , Kalinichenko A Yu , Lyamina A A , Schneider E M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The construction industry has a significant impact on our environment. When erecting buildings and structures, building materials, energy, water and other resources, the production of which violates the ecological balance, are used. The construction process itself has also negative effect on environment and the nearby objects with noise, vibration exposure, waste incineration, groundwater and soil pollution in general. However, the time period required for the construction of the building is insignificant compared to the period of operation. Experts estimate the service life of modern monolithic buildings at 125 - 150 years, and in some cases this index reaches 300 years. During this time, a new problem arises - the ecological balance violation: insufficient insolation, changes in natural wind flows, hydrogeology, vegetation reduction, soil and vegetation layer pollution, air masses stagnation, etc. All this creates the prerequisites for the creation of special environmental protection measures aimed at maintaining ecological balance. Thus, at each stage of the life cycle of a building, it is necessary to carry out the measures to protect the environment and minimize harmful effects on the environment. Today the prerequisites for the green building development are being laid in Russia. The main idea is to reduce energy intensity and increase energy efficiency in construction.
To the problem of determination the aerodynamic resistance coefficient value to the swirled dust and gas flow in the air ducts of engineering and environmental systems
Authors: Borovkov D P , Chicherov K O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The experimental studies‘ results of the aerodynamic drag of a swirling dust and gas flow passing through a network of air ducts of engineering and environmental systems are presented. The limits of the method applicability for determining the aerodynamic resistance coefficient of a gas-dust swirling flow passing in a round aspiration duct, without taking into account the solid phase presence in it, have been determined.
Modeling the stability of horizontal generations worked in parallel to the front of a uniform slope
Authors: Bogomolova O A , Zhidelev A V , Ivanova P V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Improvement of modern urban infrastructure, expansion of transport networks, creation of innovative engineering communications – as well as other circumstances stimulate the development of underground construction, both in our country and abroad. Like any underground structure, it should have the ability not to collapse when exposed to external loads. For the successful operation of such structures throughout their entire service life, it is necessary to constantly assess the influence degree of all factors’ totality, one way or another, affect its strength. The task, the purpose of which is to conduct the experimental studies on models made of equivalent materials to assess the geometric parameters’ influence of the “slope – underground working space” system on the stability of the latter, has been set. Geometric parameters mean the shape of the underground working space cross-section and its position in the soil massif: the shape of the underground working space cross-section is round and semi-elliptical; the underground working spaces’ bottom is at the level of the slope bottom, the underground working space position is determined by the shortest distance from the transition point of the bottom to the slope to the vertical axis of the cross-section symmetry. The criterion for long-term stability is a criterion, the qualitative feature of which is the absence of inelastic (plastic) deformation zones on the development contours, and the quantitative indicator is the value of the reduced pressure of connectivity σcon. As a result of model experiments, safe distances d were determined, on which underground working spaces should be located in the near-slope area so that the stability of the “slope - underground working space” system is ensured. It turned out that these distances for underground working spaces of both circular and semi-elliptical cross-section are practically the same, that is, the underground working spaces of such a cross-section, all other sections being equal, were equally stable. Practical coincidence of the model experiments’ results and numerical finite element analysis, calculations, allows us to speak about the experimental data reliability.
Improving the methodology of organizing the parking process in large cities of the world
Authors: Sekisov Aleksandr , Ivanov Leonid , Begiashvili Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It has not been more than a century since cars became a global phenomenon, and the possibility of unobstructed parking has gone from being a worry-free situation to a big problem. At first, it was not considered an important matter, then it was a topic for discussion, and later most of the parking lots became an object of commercial and logistic interest, an object of profit by any means, even to the human environment detriment [7, 8, 13]. Currently, the ability to own and dispose a parking slot is perceived by the subjects of public and economic relations as a significant advantage, and often even more significant than the possession of a vehicle. In different states, the evolution stages of this issue were uneven, but in general the trends were the same - an increase in the number of parking zones and an increase in their capitalization.
Programs implementation prospects for the large city territories development in Russia: institutional aspect
Authors: Bachurinskaya I A , Vasileva N V , Maksimov S N , Yudenko M N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article shows that the development of large cities as centers and locomotives of economic growth requires efficient use of urban areas, ensuring their sustainable and balanced development. This necessitates improving the institutional framework and methodology for spatial planning. The authors note that the functioning of the institutions on which the rational land use in large cities depends does not meet modern requirements, primarily in the field of integrated sustainable territorial development (ISTD). The article analyzes the experience of St. Petersburg in the urban areas‘ development aspect, which made it possible to identify the main problems, including the lack of public consensus on the choice of territories for the programs‘ implementation. ISTD and insufficiently active participation of the city in the implementation of these programs, especially in terms of engineering infrastructure Preparation. Analysis of literature and practice in the study area showed the need to improve the mechanism for the formation and implementation of programs for the territorial development in large cities, the development of real estate market institutions, rules and regulations related to ISTD. The article presents the recommendations of the authors, to a certain extent filling the existing gaps. The author‘s definition of the “depressed territory” concept is proposed (to solve the problem of choosing the territories for ISTD), substantiated the need to form a unified city program for ISTD project development with their introduction into the General Plan of the city development, as well as the use of the economic-spatial model of the developed territory to determine the possible effect of its development and the costs necessary to obtain it. The article proposes a unified methodological basis for the territorial development programs‘ formation and implementation. The recommended methodological approach is aimed at improving the analysis and assessment quality oof development programs for the territories in a megapolis, at ensuring the effective use of urban land.
Comparative analysis of thermophysical characteristics for screen insulation and building heat-insulating materials
Authors: Lepilov V I , Usadskiy D G , Kovylin A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Methods for calculating massive screen insulation consisting of metal sheets with sufficient volumetric heat capacity and air layers are presented. The comparison of the thermophysical characteristics of a massive screen system with the steel screens with building thermal insulation materials is given.
An approach for automatization of geotechnical monitoring in cryolithozone
Authors: Alekseev A , Shilova L , Mefedov E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of publications in the field of research devoted to the problems associated with the construction of buildings and structures in areas of permafrost soils, which belong to the cryolithozone. At the same time, the analysis of the research works made it possible to conclude that currently the data obtained because of monitoring, as a rule, are processed manually. In the article the process of geotechnical monitoring is presented in the form of a generalized diagram, from which a sufficiently large array of data is collected during the process of geotechnical monitoring. According to this information graphs of changes in the movement of the building foundations in time and graphs of thermometric observations of the soil massif, etc. are made. That fact justifies the need of automatization of the collection and processing of geotechnical monitoring data. The article presents an approach for automatization of geotechnical monitoring. Systematization of the geotechnical monitoring data and ensuring the operation of equipment synchronously in an automated mode will provide the timely notification of stakeholders about the identified deviations of the controlled parameters and reduce risks and avoid accidents.
Assessment of the concentration and properties of dust in emissions into atmospheric air from the sources of the workshop for the aerated concrete structures production
Authors: Kondratenko T O , Lapina A P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Improving the environmental safety of manufacturing enterprises in construction industry remains an urgent task today. The need to expand the research in this area is dictated by a wide range of industrial enterprises, a range of products, as well as the varieties of bulk raw materials used in the manufacturing process. Exceeding the maximum permissible values for the content of fine dust PM10 and PM2,5 in the atmospheric air, both on the territory of industrial sites and on the borders of sanitary protection zones, is due to the ineffective operation of the existing dust cleaning systems. Analysis of the dispersed composition of dust in emissions from the construction industry, as well as the study of dust properties depending on the type of enterprise, raw materials used, the characteristics of technological operations, are the basis for the development of measures optimal for a particular production to reduce dust emissions, improve the environmental situation in general.
Geotechnical and architectural studies of the territory in the water protection zone of the Temernik River at the pre-design analysis stage
Authors: Zolotareva L A , Komarova S E , Shesternina D I , Khansivarova N M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article describes the application of an integrated systematic approach to the organization of surveys at the architectural spatial environment pre-design studies stage in the water protection zone of the Temernik River. The authors propose to use the geological portal “Geobaza” when conducting engineering surveys on the territory to increase the economic feasibility of the developed architectural project and reduce the time for the pre-project engineering studies’ execution.
Features of the earthquakes’ manifestation intensity formation in mountainous areas
Authors: Zaalishvili V B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Analysis of the destructive earthquakes‘ consequences engineering macro-seismic survey data shows that the earthquakes manifestation degree is in close correlation with the peculiarities of geomorphological conditions. Moreover, this dependence is not of a simple character: there is a clearly expressed multifactorial nature of correlations. The work shows that the earthquakes intensity is determined not only by the relief slope magnitude, but also by the specific location of the site in the mountain range hierarchy. The results of the experimental studies analysis (field and laboratory experiments) are presented. It is noted that from a physical point of view, the relief has a certain potential energy. To estimate the indicated energy, a phenomenological indicator was introduced in the form of the so-called “relief factor”, which is the product of the relief inclination angle by the corresponding height. It is noted that upon reaching the value R=650 (degrees m) the intensity increment is one point. The use of a new relief parameter, which makes it possible to fully take into account the specific conditions of the location of the investigated area, increases the establishment validity of the mechanisms for the earthquake intensity formation in mountainous regions.
Accounting for nonlinear soil properties in the computational method of seismic microzoning
Authors: Zaalishvili V B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper notes that in recent years, attention to the study of nonlinear phenomena in engineering seismology has sharply increased. The problem of accounting for nonlinear phenomena can be solved using instrumental and computational studies, as well as collaterally. In the latter case, the possible level of soil nonlinearity is estimated using the instrumental method, then the possible features of soil movements are calculated numerically. An algorithm for taking into account the nonlinearity of soils when calculating vibrations of the soil strata under intense seismic influences is proposed. The algorithm was developed on the basis of the known empirical relationships between the soil types and their indicators. The number of plasticity was chosen as an indicator of the soil type. Additionally, the necessary criteria and refinements have been introduced to correctly take into account the normal stress and calculate the deformation. The value of the shear wave propagation velocity in the soil, closely related to the physical state of the soil, is considered as a modulated indicator. The way of using the proposed algorithm for the method developed on the basis of the multiple-reflected waves theory and the method developed on the FEM basis is shown.
The effectiveness of the dust particles of the flask in the apparatus of counter-swirling flows
Authors: Sakharova A A , Sorokin A Yu , Azarov D V , Lupinogin V V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this research was studied gathering efficiency and breakthrough of flask dust particles in industrial plants. The experiments were carried out on devices with counter swirling flows with various modifications and diameters of 150, 400, 600, and 800 mm. Analyzed and graphically presented the dependences of particle breakthrough on tghe devices size. The breakthrough effect in small inertial VZP devices was investigated, also the construction of VZP device was designed and experimentaly tested under operating conditions in terms of productivity and energy losses close to standard devices, but excluding the breakthrough effect of larger particles. Recommendations are given for the device usage on counter swirling flows with the best characteristics for capturing flask dust particles.
The forecast accumulation in vegetative and generative organs of black currants and plum with 90Sr its location on the surface of the soil
Authors: Gorodnichaya A , Glinyanova I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
As a result of field studies, experimental material on the accumulation of 90Sr in vegetative and generative organs of black currant and cherry plum in the link of the trophic chain «soil-plant» was obtained. Coefficients of transition (CT) from soil to bark, wood, leaves and fruits of black currant and coefficients of transition from soil to bark, wood, leaves and fruits of cherry plum which will allow to make the forecast of accumulation of radionuclide at any known density of pollution of the soil in the conditions of Krasnodar region on the studied soils are defined.