bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden network generating rules from partially observed complex networks
Authors: Yang Ruochen , Sala Frederic , Bogdan Paul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComplex biological, neuroscience, geoscience and social networks exhibit heterogeneous self-similar higher order topological structures that are usually characterized as being multifractal in nature. However, describing their topological complexity through a compact mathematical description and deciphering their topological governing rules has remained elusive and prevented a comprehensive understanding of networks. To overcome this challenge, we propose a weighted multifractal graph model capable of capturing the underlying generating rules of complex systems and characterizing their node heterogeneity and pairwise interactions. To infer the generating measure with hidden information, we introduce a variational expectation maximization framework. We demonstrate the robustness of the network generator reconstruction as a function of model properties, especially in noisy and partially observed scenarios. The proposed network generator inference framework is able to reproduce network properties, differentiate varying structures in brain networks and chromosomal interactions, and detect topologically associating domain regions in conformation maps of the human genome.
Provinces with transitions in industrial structure and energy mix performed best in climate change mitigation in China
Authors: Mi Zhifu , Sun Xinlu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChina has announced its goal of reaching carbon neutrality before 2060, which will be challenging because the country is still on a path towards peak carbon emissions in approximately 2030. Carbon emissions in China did decline from 2013 to 2016, following a continuous increase since the turn of the century. Here we evaluate regional efforts and motivations in promoting carbon emission reduction during this period. Based on a climate change mitigation index, we pinpoint the leading and lagging provinces in emission reduction. The results show that achievements in industrial transition and non-fossil fuel development determined the leading provinces. Thus, the recommended solution for carbon neutrality in China is to promote the transformation of industrial structure and energy mix. In addition, policymakers should be alert to the path of energy outsourcing to reduce carbon emissions. Consumption-based emissions accounting and interregional cooperation are suggested to motivate developed regions to take more responsibility for climate change mitigation.
Emergent transcriptional adaption facilitates convergent succession within a synthetic community
Authors: Gao Chun-Hui , Cao Hui , Ju Feng , Xiao Ke-Qing , Cai Peng , Wu Yichao , Huang Qiaoyun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Taxonomic convergence is common in bacterial communities but its underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We thus conducted a time-series transcriptional analysis of a convergent two-species synthetic community that grew in a closed broth-culture system. By analyzing the gene expression and monitoring the community structure, we found that gene expression mainly changed in the early stage, whereas community structure significantly changed in the late stage. The significant change of gene expression occurred even at the very beginning, which was designated as “0 h effect”, suggesting the effect of species interaction on gene expression was inevitable. Besides, the effect of interaction on gene expression has a “population effect”, which means that majority species have greater impact on gene expressions of minority species than vice versa. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that among a total of 63 unique pathways (occupying about 50% of all the metabolic pathways in both species), 40 (63%) were consistently suppressed, 16 (25%) were conditionally expressed, and only 7 (11%) were consistently activated. Overall, they were strictly regulated by both time and initial structures. Therefore, we proposed that microorganism responses and the induced gene expression changes play important roles in the process of community succession.
New sp3 diphosphine-based rhodium catalysts for the asymmetric conjugate addition of aryl boronic acids to 3-azaarylpropenones
Authors: Facchetti Giorgio , Fusè Marco , Pecoraro Tania , Nava Donatella , Rimoldi Isabella 
Published: September 2021

The new diphosphine (R,R)-EPHOS featuring a stereogenic sp3 carbon combined with a C2 axial chirality was applied to the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4 addition of aryl boronic acids to 3-azaarylpropenones, affording the product with e.e. up to 94%.
Combining protein and RNA quantification to evaluate promoter activity by using dual-color fluorescent reporting systems
Authors: Peng Yan , Huang Xin , Huang Tianfang , Du Feng , Cui Xin , Tang Zhuo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Herein, Broccoli/mCherry and an EGFP/mCherry dual-color fluorescent reporting systems have been established to quantify the promoter activity at transcription and translation levels in eukaryotic cells. Based on those systems, four commonly used promoters (CMV and SV40 of Pol II and U6, H1 of Pol III) were accurately evaluated at both the transcriptional and translational levels by combining accurate protein and RNA quantification. Furthermore, we verified that Pol III promoters can induce proteins expression, and Pol II promoter can be applied to express RNA molecules with defined length by combining a self-cleaving ribozyme and an artificial poly(A) tail. The dual-color fluorescence reporting systems described here could play a significant role in evaluating other gene expression regulators for gene therapy.
Twenty‐year retrospection on green manufacturing: A bibliometric perspective
Authors: Pei Zhi , Yu Tianzong , Yi Wenchao , Li Yingde 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the modern age of Industry 4.0 and manufacturing servitisation, energy saving and environment consciousness are regarded as vital themes in manufacturing processes to reduce carbon tax and achieve sustainable development. For the past 20 years, the concept of green manufacturing has grown from infancy to a fully formed framework agreed upon by world‐leading enterprises. With the unprecedented development of the information technology today, the industrial data collected could assist in the in‐depth study on green manufacturing, which ranges from the operations of machining tools all the way to supply chain management. The wide scope of research promises a tremendous amount of annual publications in this field. To better facilitate follow‐up research work, the present study provides a systematic overview of green manufacturing‐related areas, including research progress and the developed features. The article set retrieved from the Web of Science contains 5989 documents related to green manufacturing. It is revealed that Journal of Cleaner Production is the most productive journal, archiving documents within the scope of green manufacturing. P. R. China tops the list of the number of documents with 1357 documents (22.66%), while Zhejiang University is the most productive institution. As the cooperation network indicates, P. R. China and the United States maintain the strongest collaborative links with other countries/regions. Finally, possible future directions are recommended based on the findings in the study. For instance, additive manufacturing technology and industrial IoT both have a great potential in green manufacturing; the weak link between the disciplines of manufacturing engineering and environmental science is expected to be strengthened, and a stronger international cooperation is believed to be beneficial to the field for the otherwise isolated countries/regions.
Chua Corsage memristor based neuron models
Authors: Dong Yujiao , Liang Yan , Wang Guangyi , Iu Herbert Ho‐Ching 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNowadays, processing of data via neuromorphic non‐linear dynamics is a key element for brain‐inspired computers. In particular, an appropriate neuromorphic device is essential to emulate neuromorphic functions. In this brief, it is found that the Chua Corsage memristor has rich neuromorphic behaviours, which has potential values to realise the hardware construction for neuromorphic computing. The theory of local activity and edge of chaos are applied to analyse the neuromorphic dynamics of the second‐order Chua Corsage memristor based neuron model, and find that the periodic spikes (action potentials) appear either on or near the edge of chaos domain, which are excited by the subcritical Hopf bifurcation or the unstable state of the neuron model, respectively. Furthermore, the third‐order Chua Corsage memristor based neuron model can generate self‐sustained oscillations, periodic spikes, and chaos near the edge of chaos domain.
The effect of a conductive polyaniline/carbon black composite on the performance of a semiconductive layer
Authors: Wang Enmin , Zhang Sheng , Wang Ciyao , Chen Shumei , Hao Chuncheng , Lei Qingquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, conductive polyaniline (PANI) ribbons were introduced to a semiconductive layer to improve the conductivity stability of the layer during thermal expansion and enhance its ability to inhibit charge injection into the insulating layer. To maximise the effect of PANI, PANI and carbon black (CB) were preformed into a uniformly dispersed composite, which was then added to the polymer matrix of the semiconductive layer. The experimental results show that the resistivity of the semiconductive layer containing the PANI/CB composite is more stable during thermal expansion than that of the semiconductive layer only doped with CB. This is attributed to the conductive CB network being enhanced by the PANI ribbons. In addition, due to the unique conductivity mechanism and high dielectric constant of PANI, the semiconductive layer has a strong ability to inhibit space charge injection into the insulating layer.
Foundation for adaptive charging solutions: Optimised use of electric vehicle charging capacity
Authors: Simolin Toni , Rauma Kalle , Rautiainen Antti , Järventausta Pertti , Rehtanz Christian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging, smart and adaptive charging algorithms have become necessary to ensure safe and efficient operation of the grid. In the scientific literature, most of the proposed charging control algorithms focus solely on EV usage‐related behaviour, while the charging characteristics of EVs are overlooked. Herein, realistic charging characteristics are illustrated and discussed. More notably, to overcome the issues caused by the non‐idealities in charging characteristics, a new adaptive charging characteristics expectation algorithm is proposed. The objective of this algorithm is to enable accurate estimation of the non‐ideal charging characteristics. This can be used to reallocate any unused charging capacity and to ensure that the intended total capacity is used effectively. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulations with commercial EVs and real charging data. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an 88%–97% capacity usage rate, while the current benchmark solution achieves only 45%.
The intermediate neutron capture process
Authors: Goriely S. , Siess L. , Choplin A. 
Published: September 2021

Context.Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) r/s-stars show surface-abundance distributions characteristic of the so-called intermediate neutron capture process (i-process) of nucleosynthesis. We previously showed that the ingestion of protons in the convective helium-burning region of a low-mass low-metallicity star can explain the surface abundance distribution observed in CEMP r/s stars relatively well. Such an i-process requires detailed reaction network calculations involving hundreds of nuclei for which reaction rates have not yet been determined experimentally.Aims.We investigate the nuclear physics uncertainties affecting the i-process during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of low-metallicity low-mass stars by propagating the theoretical uncertainties in the radiative neutron capture cross sections, as well as the13C(α,n)16O reaction rate, and estimating their impact on the surface-abundance distribution.Methods.We used the STAREVOL code to follow the evolution of a 1M⊙[Fe/H] = − 2.5 model star during the proton ingestion event occurring at the beginning of the AGB phase. In the computation, we adopt a nuclear network of 1160 species coupled to the transport processes and different sets of radiative neutron capture cross sections consistently calculated with the TALYS reaction code.Results.It is found that considering systematic uncertainties on the various nuclear ingredients affecting the radiative neutron capture rates, surface elemental abundances are typically predicted within ±0.4 dex. The 56 ≲ Z ≲ 59 region of the spectroscopically relevant heavy-s elements of Ba-La-Ce-Pr as well as the r-dominated Eu element remain relatively unaffected by nuclear uncertainties. In contrast, the inclusion of the direct capture contribution impacts the rates in the neutron-richA ≃ 45, 100, 160, and 200 regions, and the i-process production of theZ ≃ 45 and 65–70 elements. Uncertainties in the photon strength function also impact the overabundance factors by typically 0.2–0.4 dex. Nuclear level densities tend to affect abundance predictions mainly in theZ = 74 − 79 regions. The uncertainties associated with the neutron-producing reaction13C(α,n)16O and the unknownβ-decay rates are found to have a low impact on the overall surface enrichment.Conclusions.The i-process nucleosynthesis during the early AGB phase of low-metallicity low-mass stars remains sensitive to nuclear uncertainties, substantially affecting theoretical predictions of still unknown radiative neutron capture cross sections. Improved descriptions of direct neutron capture based on shell model calculations or experimental constraints from (d, p) reactions could help to decrease the uncertainties in the estimated rates. Similarly, constraints on the photon strength functions and nuclear level densities, for example through the Oslo method, in the neutron-rich region ofA ≃ 100 and 160 would increase the predictive power of the present simulations.
Aromatherapie und Aromapflege als Teil der Integrativen
Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Hillert Gisela 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAromatherapie und Aromapflege, zusammengefasst unter dem Dachbegriff
Pflegetherapeutische Aromakultur (PTAK), sind mittlerweile vielfach gelebte
Realität im Palliativbereich und der ambulanten wie stationären
Altenpflege, seltener jedoch noch in der Klinik anzutreffen. Man versteht
hierunter die Anwendung naturreiner ätherischer und fetter
Pflanzenöle und Hydrolate (Pflanzenwässer) als
phytotherapeutische Behandlung und integrative Pflege sowie Maßnahmen
zur Geruchsverbesserung und Förderung des Wohlbefindens über die
Raumbeduftung. In diesem Beitrag soll neben Möglichkeiten und Nutzen der
PTAK gezeigt werden, wie eine Implementierung in das einrichtungsspezifische
Setting gelingen kann, und welche Faktoren es beim Qualitätsmanagement
und der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit der beteiligten Berufsgruppen
zu berücksichtigen gilt.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Functionalized Violanthrenes by Reductive Aromatization of Violanthrone 79
Authors: Sundermeyer Jörg , Werner Simon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe commercially available n-type semiconductive dye Violanthrone 79 was used as starting material to synthesize previously unexplored substituted violanthrenes through a reductive aromatization and functionalization strategy. By using the low-cost reducing agents zinc and sodium dithionite in combination with suitable electrophilic trapping reagents, three violanthrenes functionalized with two pivalyloxy, trimethylsiloxy, or methoxy groups were selectively obtained in high yields. Due to their octyl ether moieties, these new red dyes are highly soluble. They were characterized by means of UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and their redox properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The spectroscopically determined frontier molecular orbital energies are compared to those calculated by density functional theory and suggest that electron-deficient Violanthrone 79 was transformed into three electron-rich violanthrenes with molecular characteristics typically observed in molecular precursors for p-type organic semiconductors.
A Straightforward, Purification-Free Procedure for the Synthesis of Ando and Still–Gennari Type Phosphonates
Authors: Janicki Ignacy , Kiełbasiński Piotr 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Z-Selective Still–Gennari and Ando modifications of the typically E-selective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction are highly valuable synthetic tools in organic chemistry. These procedures are based on application of bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphonates or diaryl phosphonates, respectively, for the olefination of carbonyl groups. In our research, we present an improved, straightforward, purification-free procedure for the synthesis of these reagents. The key step of our procedure is the reaction of phosphonic dichlorides with the appropriate sodium alkoxides, which results in 52–97% isolated yields of the desired products on a gram scale. The whole three-step process is performed in one pot. Most importantly, the product is obtained in over 95% purity after simple extraction, avoiding column chromatography and distillation. Moreover, we present the synthesis of a novel Still–Gennari type reagent, bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphonates, which may exhibit improved Z-selectivity in Still–Gennari olefinations.
Measurement of magnetic field distribution produced by high-current pulse using Zeeman splitting of Na emission distributed by laser ablation
Authors: Jiang Zhiyuan , Wu Jian , Zhang Daoyuan , Chen Ziwei , Wang Zhenyu , Shi Huantong , Li Xingwen , Qiu Aici 
Published: September 2021

Measurement of the magnetic field distribution in Z-pinch experiments remains an ongoing challenge. We present a method of measuring the radial distribution of the magnetic field around a copper rod using Zeeman splitting of sodium (Na) emission lines, in which an Na layer is formed by the laser ablation of NaCl crystals on a load surface. The load consists of a copper rod of 2 mm diameter and is pre-covered on its surface by the NaCl crystals. An 8 ns pulsed laser with an energy of 1 J and wavelength of 532 nm is focused on the crystals. The Na plasma is produced and expands from the surface of the copper rod into a vacuum. After applying a pulsed current with a peak value of 375 kA to the load, the Na 3s–3p doublet displays significant Zeeman splitting patterns. The self-luminosity of the Na plasma is recorded by a spectrometer coupled with an intensified charge-coupled device camera from an end-on view to eliminate the effects of different observing angles and Doppler shifts. We determine the magnetic field by fitting the measured spectra with the calculated results of the Voigt profile. The measurable range of radial position is 5–7 mm, and the corresponding magnetic field is 5–15 T. The averaged error of curve fitting is less than 12%.
Enhancement of Curie temperature and reorientation of spin in doped Cr2Si2Te6
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wang Zhong-Yi , Liu Da-Yong , Zou Liang-Jian 
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we present the electronic and magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic semiconductor Cr2Si2Te6 doped by charge particles by the first-principles calculations. We find that doped Cr2Si2Te6 manifests a ferromagnetic metallic phase and its Curie temperature significantly increases from 54 to 125 K, as well as the magnetic coupling changing from weak super-exchange to strong double-exchange interaction. Moreover, the magnetic easy axis in doped Cr2Si2Te6 rotates from the ⟨001⟩ direction to the ab-plane. Our results provide an easily accessible method to considerably increase the ferromagnetic transition temperature of van der Waals crystals.
Electrochemical performance of a new all solid-state ultra-low noise electrospray electrode as a marine electric field sensor
Authors: Xin Yi , Liu Chenyang , Cui Meng , Hou Tianyuan , Liu Houyan , Tong Junye , Lin Tingting , Liu Changsheng , Yang Dapeng 
Published: September 2021

A new type of Ag/AgCl electrode as a marine electric field sensor is prepared using electrospray. The surface of the electrode is porous, and the particle size of AgCl is small and uniform with an average particle size of 1.43 µm, which accelerated the speed of the oxidation–reduction reactions. Therefore, the electrode with large specific surface area has high stability and low noise. The impedance, sensitivity, self-noise, and stability of the electrode are measured to study the electrochemical performance of the electrode. The impedance of the electrode is 7.9 Ω, and the electrode shows resistance characteristics, meaning that the electrode can well receive the weak ocean electric field signals with low signal distortion. The sensitivity experiment result shows that the electrode can well restore the sinusoidal electric field signal of 1 Hz (10 mV). The voltage drift is less than 5 µV/100 h, the self-potential is between −51 and 56 µV, and the self-noise of the electrode is 2.48 nV @ 1 Hz. The AgCl layer on the surface of the electrode is porous and thick, and the particle size of AgCl is small and uniform. This makes the electrode have excellent electrochemical performance. All the experimental results show that the electrode has ultra-low noise and excellent response to low frequency weak electric field signals. The electrode is of great significance to the exploitation of marine resources as the marine electric field sensor.
New instrument based on electrostatic sensor array for measuring tribo-electrification charging due to single particle impacts
Authors: Guo Jiachen , Zuo Hongfu , Zhong Zhirong , Jiang Heng 
Published: September 2021

In the processing of particulate solids, particle–particle and particle-wall collisions can generate electrostatics. This is called contact/impact/frictional electrification and can lead to many problems such as affecting powder flow and explosion hazards. It is necessary to research the tribo-electrification charging due to single particle impacts on a target as the fundamental understanding of tribo-electrification. A new impact charging test rig based on an electrostatic sensor array that can measure charge transfer caused by a single impact between a particle and a target plane has been designed and established. Combined with the electrostatic sensor array, the compressed sensing algorithm is used to estimate not only the spatial position but also the charge amount of particle. The cross-correlation algorithm is used to determine particle’s velocity instead of using other devices such as a photodetector. The new instrument allows single particles impacting target planes at different angles with a velocity exceeding 100 m/s. An oil calibration test rig has been constructed to verify the proposed methods. The estimation errors of the spatial position and charge amount are both within 5% when the particle is located at the central area of the pipeline and the estimation errors of velocities are within 2%. The impact charging experiments show a special initial charge prior to impact for which no net charge transfer would occur for polymer particles, but the charge would completely transfer for metal particles.