bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epstein–Barr virus oral shedding and viremia and their association with oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV+ individuals
Authors: Rosseto José Henrique Feijó , Tenório Jefferson Rocha , Mamana Ana Carolina , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tânia Regina , Andrade Natália Silva , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Ortega Karem L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the oral shedding and viremia of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in HIV‐positive patients and their relationship with oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL).MethodologyA total of 94 HIV‐positive patients were included in the study, in which blood and saliva samples were collected for EBV quantification. Data on gender, age, time of HIV seropositivity, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), CD4+ T‐cell counts, and HIV viral load were collected. OHL diagnosis was based on histopathological examination and EBV in situ hybridization.ResultsThe EBV load in the 94 HIV‐positive patients was higher in saliva than in blood (2.4 and 1.6, respectively), and there was a positive correlation between EBV oral shedding and viremia (p = 0.001). Twenty (21.27%) patients had OHL and also a higher EBV load in saliva (mean log10 = 3.11) compared to those who had no OHL (p = 0.045). Presence of OHL was only associated with age (p = 0.030).ConclusionIn HIV‐positive patients, the presence of OHL was associated with EBV oral shedding but not with viremia, regardless of the amount of circulating CD4+ T cells.
Dual trajectories of loneliness and depression and their baseline correlates over a 14‐year follow‐up period in older adults: Results from a nationally representative sample in Taiwan
Authors: Liu I , Huang Yu‐Jen , Wang Liang‐Kai , Tsai Yi‐Hsuan , Hsu Sheng‐Lun , Chang Chun‐Jui , Li Ying‐Hsien , Hsiao Yi‐Chen , Chen Chun‐Yuan , Wann Shue‐Ren 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the codevelopment between loneliness and depression in older adults, and to identify its potential baseline individual, family and extrafamilial correlates.BackgroundThe number of older adults around the world has steadily increased over the last decades. Later life is a particularly vulnerable life stage due to multiple unfavourable conditions, and mental health in this stage appears to become an inescapable issue. Previous research has found the cross‐sectional association between loneliness and depression, but their codevelopment has been understudied. Therefore, exploring the codevelopment and its correlates has significant implications for prevention and healthcare professionals.DesignA longitudinal follow‐up study.MethodsThe study used nationally representative data over a 14‐year follow‐up period from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Ageing focused on Taiwanese aged 60 years and above (n = 4049). Group‐based trajectory modelling, group‐based dual‐trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic regression were the primary analytical methods.ResultsWe identified three distinct dual trajectories of loneliness and depression: longitudinal low‐frequency lonely depressed (29.3%), longitudinal moderate‐frequency lonely depressed (59.4%) and longitudinal high‐frequency lonely depressed (11.3%). After considering several demographic and background characteristics, difficulty in physical functioning, number of physical symptoms and diseases, sleep quality and number of child deaths were found to be significantly associated.ConclusionAcross the three identified dual‐trajectory groups, they all showed a stable loneliness frequency pattern over time; however, the moderate‐frequency group and high‐frequency group both had a trajectory of increasing depression. It seems that depression tends to change over time in a worsening direction, especially for those with a certain frequency of loneliness. Furthermore, differences in individual and family correlates were found across the groups.Implications for practiceInterventions focusing on the specific factors may help hinder coexisting loneliness and depression, and have implications for developing health promotion strategies and chronic disease care plans.
Recent work in African political and legal philosophy
Authors: Metz Thaddeus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article I critically survey non‐edited books on political and legal philosophy that have been composed by those working in the sub‐Saharan African tradition and have appeared in print since 2016. These monographs principally address political, distributive, and criminal justice at the domestic level, with this article recounting the essentials of these texts as well as noting prima facie weaknesses in their positions and gaps in current research agendas. My aims are to enable readers to obtain a bird's‐eye picture of key works in recent African political and legal philosophy and to suggest some plausible ways to advance debates.
Galactoglucomannan structure of Arabidopsis seed‐coat mucilage in GDP‐mannose synthesis impaired mutants
Authors: Nishigaki Naho , Yoshimi Yoshihisa , Kuki Hiroaki , Kunieda Tadashi , Hara‐Nishimura Ikuko , Tsumuraya Yoichi , Takahashi Daisuke , Dupree Paul , Kotake Toshihisa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCell‐wall polysaccharides are synthesized from nucleotide sugars by glycosyltransferases. However, in what way the level of nucleotide sugars affects the structure of the polysaccharides is not entirely clear. guanosine diphosphate (GDP)‐mannose (GDP‐Man) is one of the major nucleotide sugars in plants and serves as a substrate in the synthesis of mannan polysaccharides. GDP‐Man is synthesized from mannose 1‐phosphate and GTP by a GDP‐Man pyrophosphorylase, VITAMIN C DEFECTIVE1 (VTC1), which is positively regulated by the interacting protein KONJAC1 (KJC1) in Arabidopsis. Since seed‐coat mucilage can serve as a model of the plant cell wall, we examined the influence of vtc1 and kjc1 mutations on the synthesis of mucilage galactoglucomannan. Sugar composition analysis showed that mannose content in adherent mucilage of kjc1 and vtc1 mutants was only 42% and 11% of the wild‐type, respectively, indicating a drastic decrease of galactoglucomannan. On the other hand, structural analysis based on specific oligosaccharides released by endo‐β‐1,4‐mannanase indicated that galactoglucomannan had a patterned glucomannan backbone consisting of alternating residues of glucose and mannose and the frequency of α‐galactosyl branches was also similar to the wild type structure. These results suggest that the structure of mucilage galactoglucomannan is mainly determined by properties of glycosyltransferases rather than the availability of nucleotide sugars.
Platform Government in the Era of Smart Technology
Authors: Kim Soonhee , Andersen Kim Normann , Lee Jungwoo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Whereas the concept of platform government emerged a decade ago and virtual states are predicted beginning early 2000s, supporting technologies and infrastructures are now being installed and implemented with highly integrative technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, mobile computing, social media, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence. This realization of platform governments leads us to rethink what have been predicted decades ago. Time has come for us to really open up real opportunities by facing realistic challenges for public management. The pressure for government innovations, such as algorithmic bureaucracy and collaborative value creation, is increasing. Attentions need to be paid with respect to how the managerial role and activities are being transformed, how the nature of work in government is fundamentally changed, and how the decision‐making processes are re‐institutionalized. Further research issues are discussed at the end of this Viewpoint.
Evidence for Practice

Platform governments predicted earlier are now being realized by highly integrative technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, social media, mobile computing, Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence.

Platform government demands new approaches to public management, changes the nature of work of public managers, and reshapes the decision‐making processes.

Algorithmic bureaucracy provisioned by these new platformization will enable more anticipatory decision‐making, require stronger leadership commitment on digitalization and innovation, and provide higher agility in public management.

Collaborative value creation can and will be expedited by the technological capabilities provided but also with a lot of social experimentation on these platforms.

The nature of work of public managers will be changing continuously in serious orders on these platform governments.
Writing ritual and calendar together: The biblical cultic calendars in ancient Near Eastern context
Authors: Thames John Tracy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Hebrew Bible's cultic calendars (found in Exodus 23, Exodus 34, Leviticus 23, Numbers 28–29, and Deuteronomy 16) propose a link between ritual time and the fixation of the annual calendar. These texts take part in an ancient Near Eastern mode of writing about rituals in connection with calendars that produced canonical texts, which, like the biblical calendars, outlasted the actual practice of the rituals they describe. Moreover, the connection of the festivals in the biblical calendars to the annual equinoxes demonstrates their ritualization of the passage of time. In this feature and other thematic elements, they participate in a shared nexus of ritual ideas that can be seen in documents describing other ancient Near Eastern equinoctial festivals.
Wave–current interaction on a free surface
Authors: Crisan Dan , Holm Darryl D. , Street Oliver D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe classical water wave equations (CWWEs) comprise two boundary conditions for the two‐dimensional flow on the free surface of a bulk three‐dimensional (3D) incompressible potential flow in the volume bounded by the free surface, which itself moves under the restoring force of gravity. One of these two boundary conditions provides the kinematic definition of the vertical velocity of the surface elevation. The other boundary condition is the dynamic Bernoulli law that governs the evaluation of the bulk velocity potential on the free surface. The present paper applies these two boundary conditions as constraints in the action integral for Hamilton's variational principle, along with a non‐hydrostatic pressure constraint that imposes incompressible flow on the free surface. The stationary variations in Hamilton's principle then yield closed dynamical equations of free surface flow whose divergence‐free velocity admits nonzero vorticity and whose nonhydrostatic pressure matches the pressure of the 3D bulk flow when evaluated on the free surface. A minimal coupling approach is proposed to model the mutual interactions of the waves and currents. The dynamical effects of horizontal buoyancy gradients are also considered in this context. For any combination of these model variables, the resulting system of variational equations admits a Lie–Poisson Hamiltonian formulation. Finally, stochastic versions of these model equations are derived by assuming that the material loop for their Kelvin circulation theorem in each case follows stochastic Lagrangian histories in a Stratonovich sense.
Peritoneal–mediastinal communication complication in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Sy‐Go Janina Paula T. , Androga Lagu A. , Saini Jaskaran S. , Qureshi Fawad , Kattah Andrea G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPeritoneal–mediastinal communication is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We report the first case of peritoneal–mediastinal communication complication in a 36‐year‐old Caucasian man on continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) after undergoing cardiac surgery. He developed end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and BK virus nephropathy in the setting of prior heart transplantation. He was initially started on intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) and was switched to CCPD 1 year later. He presented with increased drainage from his sternal incision site and reduced ultrafiltration. A contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography scan revealed an anterior chest wall subcutaneous fluid collection. He was found to have a peritoneal–mediastinal communication intraoperatively. He was successfully managed with “low‐volume” PD by using reduced fill volumes for all his exchanges and did not require transition to iHD. He also had no vascular access options because of multiple prior thromboses, which would have made transitioning to iHD not feasible. This case further highlights the complex management of an ESKD patient who cannot do iHD and only do low‐volume PD because of a surgical complication and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ensure appropriate patient care.
Estimating changes in physical behavior during lockdowns using accelerometry‐based simulations in a large UK cohort
Authors: Speirs Craig , Granat Malcolm , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo contain the recent COVID‐19 outbreak, restrictions have been imposed, which has limited outdoor activity. These physical behavior changes can have serious health implications, but there is little objective information quantifying these changes. This study aimed to estimate the change in physical behavior levels during full lockdown conditions using objective data collected from a thigh‐worn activity monitor. Data used were from 6492 individuals in the 1970 British Cohort Study, collected between 2016 and 2018. Using walking bout characteristics, days were classified as either "indoor only" (n = 861), "indoor and exercise" (n = 167), and "outdoor active" (n = 31 934). When compared to "outdoor active" days, “indoor only” days had 6590 fewer steps per day (2320 vs 8876, p < 0.001), a longer sedentary time (1.5 h, p < 0.001), longer lying time (1.4 h, p < 0.001) and shorter standing (1.9 h, p < 0.001) and stepping (1.3 h, p < 0.001) times. The "indoor and exercise" days had a smaller number of steps compared to "outdoor active" (7932 vs 8876, p < 0.05). There is a strong relationship between reduced daily stepping, and increased sedentary time, with a range of poor health outcomes. This has important implications for public health policy and messaging during pandemics.
Disabled people in Britain and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shakespeare Tom , Watson Nicholas , Brunner Richard , Cullingworth Jane , Hameed Shaffa , Scherer Nathaniel , Pearson Charlotte , Reichenberger Veronika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on in‐depth qualitative interviews conducted with 69 disabled people in England and Scotland, and with 28 key informants from infrastructure organisations in the voluntary and statutory sectors, about the impact of COVID‐19, and measures taken to control it. Participants were recruited through voluntary organisations. As with everyone, the Pandemic has had a huge impact: we discuss the dislocations it has caused in everyday life; the failures of social care; the use of new technologies; and participants' view on leadership and communication. We conclude with suggestions for urgent short term and medium term responses, so that the United Kingdom and other countries can respond better to this and other pandemics, and build a more inclusive world.
Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law
Authors: Chamberlain Adam , Yanus Alixandra B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveLarge, federated voluntary associations of the late 19th and early 20th centuries produced detailed reports of national meetings that included comprehensive data on state‐level membership. Though used in previous scholarship, the veracity of these data has never been evaluated.MethodsWe test 16 associations’ state‐level membership data, generally between 1880 and 1920, using Benford's Law, a mathematical principle used to discern whether data are potentially problematic—through error, fraud, or other reasons—and require further investigation.ResultsOur initial analyses reveal that these data deviate statistically from Benford's predictions. Further investigation, however, finds that these differences are not substantively significant; an aggregate measure of all associations shows close conformity to the Newcomb–Benford distribution.ConclusionThe data presented in voluntary associations’ annual reports are likely trustworthy. These findings have important implications for future use of these data, other association data, and the role of associations in promoting civil society.
Whose democracy in which state?: Abolition democracy from Angela Davis to W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Lester Quinn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article argues that a better understanding of the history and reception of W. E. B. Du Bois's abolition democracy helps elucidate contemporary debates by abolitionists about how to engage with the state.MethodsThrough a close reading of Du Bois's Black Reconstruction I show how contemporary focus on abolition as abolishing the carceral state and building alternatives elides viewing abolition democracy as an engagement with and challenge to state power.ResultsViewing abolition democracy from this longer history allows scholars today to view debates among abolitionists themselves as a conflict between transforming how the state work and carving out autonomous spaces of freedom away from the state.ConclusionBy recognizing the confliced history between Du Bois's use of abolition democracy and its invocation by contemporary activists, I show how abolition itself is a fundamentally contested concept deployed for multiple political discourses and struggles.
Effects of band steaming on weed control, weed community diversity and composition and yield in organic carrot at three Mediterranean sites
Authors: Carlesi Stefano , Martelloni Luisa , Bigongiali Federica , Frasconi Christian , Fontanelli Marco , Bàrberi Paolo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBand steaming is a non‐chemical weed control method of increasing interest for highly remunerative, low competitive crops. This study aimed to test the field application of a new prototype of band‐steaming machine in three organic fields under contrasting Mediterranean environmental conditions. Trials were conducted in carrot under real‐field conditions to investigate the effects of three steaming doses and one control (no steaming) on weed vegetation and crop yield. Soil temperature at steaming application, weed density at species level during carrot crop growth, and weed and carrot biomass at harvest were sampled at each site. Band steaming significantly affected total weed density: when comparing the untreated control with the highest steam dose, weed density reduction ranged from 62% (−492 plants m−2) at site II to 94% (−146 plants m−2) at site III. Generally, diversity of weed communities decreased with increasing steaming dose, indicating a progressive species filtering effect: Fumaria officinalis L. and Sonchus oleraceus L. were filtered by steaming application at site I, while Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Portulaca oleracea L. were filtered at sites II and III. Weed community composition was affected by steaming dose at two sites out of three. Small seeded species (seed mass <1.5 mg) were less tolerant of steaming than species with large seeds. Through reduction in weed density, steam application gave carrot a competitive advantage, increasing fresh yield from 47% at site III (+3,646 g m‐2) to 92% at site II (+1,866 g m‐2), compared with yields at non‐steamed plots.
Modal Decomposition and Linear Modeling of Swirl Fluctuations in the Mixing Section of a Model Combustor Based on Particle Image Velocimetry Data
Authors: Müller Jens S. , Lückoff Finn , Kaiser Thomas L. , Paschereit C. Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In order to determine the flame transfer function of a combustion system, different mechanisms have been identified that need to be modeled. This study focuses on the generation and propagation of one of these mechanisms, namely, the swirl fluctuations downstream of a radial swirl combustor under isothermal conditions. Swirl fluctuations are generated experimentally by imposing acoustic perturbations. Time-resolved longitudinal and crosswise particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are conducted inside the mixing tube and combustion chamber to quantify the evolution of the swirl fluctuations. The measured flow response is decomposed using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition to unravel the contributions of different dynamical modes. In addition a resolvent analysis is conducted based on the linearized Navier–Stokes equations to reveal the intrinsically most amplified flow structures. Both, the data-driven and analytic approach, show that inertial waves are indeed present in the flow response and an inherent flow instability downstream of the swirler, which confirms recent theoretical works on inertial waves. However, the contribution of the identified inertial waves to the total swirl fluctuations turns out to be very small. This is suggested to be due to the very structured forcing at the swirler and the additional amplification of shear-driven modes. Overall, this work confirms the presence of inertial waves in highly turbulent swirl combustors and evaluates its relevance for industry-related configurations. It further outlines a methodology to analyze and predict their characteristics based on mean fields only, which is applicable for complex geometries of industrial relevance.
Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Hole Cleaning Performance in Horizontal Wells Including the Effects of Drill String Eccentricity, Pipe Rotation, and Cuttings Size
Authors: Abbas Ahmed K. , Alsaba Mortadha T. , Al Dushaishi Mohammed F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Extended reach drilling (ERD) wells with a horizontal and highly deviated section are widely applied in the oil and gas industry because they provide higher drainage area than vertical wells and hence increase the productivity or injectivity of the well. Among many issues encountered in a complex well trajectory, poor hole cleaning is the most common problem, which occurs mainly in the deviated and horizontal section of oil and gas wells. There are significant parameters that have a serious impact on hole cleaning performance in high-angle and horizontal sections. These include flowrate, rheology, and density of the drilling fluid, drill string eccentricity, pipe rotation, and cuttings size. It has been recognized that the action of most of these parameters to transport drilled cuttings is constantly a point of controversy among oilfield engineers. In the present study, extensive experiments were conducted in an advanced purpose-built flow rig to identify the main parameters affecting on circulate the cuttings out of the test section in a horizontal position. The flow-loop simulator has been designed to allow easy variation of operational parameters in terms of flowrate, mud density, drill string eccentricity, pipe rotation, and cuttings size. In addition, the study covers the impacts of laminar, transition, and turbulent flow regimes. The goal of such variation in the operational conditions is to simulate real-field situations. The results have shown that drill string rotation and flowrate were the operational parameters with the highest positive influence on the cuttings transports process. In contrast, drill pipe eccentricity has a negative influence on cuttings removal efficiency. The cuttings transportation performance is further improved by pipe rotation at different levels of eccentricity, especially at fully eccentric annuli. It was also shown that larger cuttings appeared to be easier to remove in a horizontal annulus than smaller ones. The experimental results would provide a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between drilling operation parameters and hole cleaning efficiency in ERD operations. This will help the drilling teams to realize what action is better to take for efficient cutting transportation.