bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications associated with cesarean section in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Urbani G , de Vries M.M.J , Cronjé H.S , Niemand I , Bam R.H , Beyer E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To document complications associated with cesarean section in HIV‐infected women. Method: A cross‐sectional study was done on 307 women who delivered by cesarean section. All these patients, irrespective of their HIV‐status, were managed according to the same preset protocol. Result: Of the 307 women, 59 (19%) were HIV‐positive. The only significant differences were a higher prevalence of positive serology for syphilis (32% vs. 12%, P=0.0014) as well as more cases of post‐operative endometritis in the HIV‐positive group (24% vs. 7%, P=0.0003). Post‐operative endometritis was documented in 44% of HIV‐infected patients with a CD4 count below 400. However, the severity of endometritis, measured by antibiotic treatment and duration of hospital stay, was similar in the two groups. Overall, there was no difference in the duration of hospital stay, post‐operative anemia, wound infection, birth weight and perinatal mortality between the two groups. Conclusion: HIV‐infected patients undergoing cesarean section are at increased risk for post‐operative endometritis, but the severity of the infection is not different from that in HIV‐negative patients.
Psychiatric morbidity and HIV in female drug dependants in Malaysia
Authors: Varma SL , Wai BHK , Singh S , Subramaniam M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryFemale drug dependants (n = 171) and controls (n = 1137) were studied to search for psychiatric morbidity in them. The psychiatric morbidity was found to be 36.3% and 6.9%, respectively. The most common psychiatric disorder found was dysthymic disorder followed by adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder. The diagnosis was significantly dependent on the type of drug used (P < 0.001) and HIV seropositivtty status of the patients (P = 0.04). The findings highlight the relationship of the psychiatric morbidity to the HIV status and female drug users.
Midwives As Primary Care Providers
Authors: DeSandre Carolynn A. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTHistorically, primary health care services for women have been vastly inadequate. It was not until 1990, when the National Institutes of Health established the Office of Research on Women's Health, that the United States began to acknowledge the importance of providing primary care services to women. Even today, women continue to be a greatly underserved population when it comes to primary health care services. Midwives are ideal providers of health promotion services for women because their entire philosophy of care centers on the promotion of women's health throughout the lifecycle.
Biophysical and management factors causing yield gap in soybean in the subtropics of Brazil
Authors: Tagliapietra Eduardo Lago , Zanon Alencar Junior , Streck Nereu Augusto , Balest Darlan Scapini , da Rosa Solon Lemos , Bexaira Kelin Pribs , Richter Gean Leonardo , Ribas Giovana Ghisleni , da Silva Michel Rocha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the relationships between soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] maturity grouping and the yield‐limiting factors in the subtropics. This information can be used to estimate soybean potential yield (Yp) and the water‐limited yield (Yw) and to optimize current soybean management practices to improve yield and resource use efficiency. The objectives were (a) to estimate the Yp, Yw, and yield gaps (YGs) of soybean in subtropical Brazil and (b) to identify the biophysical and management factors which potentially explain the YG. The CSM CROPGRO model that was calibrated with data collected between 2011 and 2019 was used to estimate the influence of sowing date and maturity group (MG) on yield potentials and water efficiencies. Yield varied from 6.1 to 7.2 Mg ha−1 and from 2.5 to 5.1 Mg ha−1 between buffer zones (BZs) for Yp and Yw, respectively. The YG caused by water deficit (YGw) ranged from 26% (1.8 Mg ha−1) to 62% (4.1 Mg ha−1) of the Yp and the YG caused by management (e.g., sowing date, MG, final density) ranged from 9% (0.6 Mg ha−1) to 39% (2.7 Mg ha−1) of the Yp. The main management factor of the YG was sowing date. The potential yield was higher in the early MGs, showing greater water use efficiency in MG ≤ 5.5 (9.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) than in high MGs (MG ≥ 5.6). Findings from this study can be used by agronomists in subtropical regions to optimize soybean yields.
Synthesis and characterization of epoxidized neem oil: A bio‐derived natural processing aid for elastomer
Authors: Koley Riya , Kasilingam Rajkumar , Sahoo Suchismita , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow cost and environment‐friendly bio‐oils are gaining market value as a plasticizer for elastomeric compounds. Unsaturated triglycerides of bio‐oils can be easily modified in various ways, like epoxidation, esterification, and so on. In the present work, 15 mole percentage of the total double bond content of the neem oil (NO) was epoxidized by acetic acid‐hydrogen peroxide system to synthesize epoxidized neem oil (ENO). NO and ENO were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of ENO on the properties of nonpolar styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and polar nitrile rubber (NBR) was investigated. Tear strength (69.9 N/mm), abrasion resistance index (ARI) (68.2) and hardness (64 shore A) of the SBR/ENO compound were comparable to the compound containing total distillate aromatic extract (TDAE) (values: 70.8 N/mm, 68.0 and 64 shore A respectively). Tensile strength and ARI of conventional NBR/dioctyl phthalate (DOP) compound were 24.9 MPa and 107 respectively, whereas NBR/ENO compound showed improved tensile strength (26.9 MPa), and ARI (138). Tear strength (83.4 N/mm) and hardness (74 shore A) of NBR/ENO were comparable to the tear strength (83.5 N/mm) and hardness (74 shore A) of NBR/DOP compound. Hence, the multifunctional additive property of ENO makes it a cheap and sustainable replacement of TDAE and DOP.
Environmental DNA captures the genetic diversity of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in West Greenland
Authors: Székely Dóra , Corfixen Natasja Lykke , Mørch Louise Løvschall , Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , McCarthy Morgan L. , Teilmann Jonas , Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Olsen Morten Tange 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnvironmental changes are prominent in Arctic ecosystems, where the distribution, abundance, life history, and health of marine organisms such as the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) are tightly connected to sea ice and sea temperature. However, due to logistical and other challenges of data collection in the Arctic, appropriate assessments of past, present and future effects of climate change and human activities are lacking for many Arctic species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a noninvasive and cost‐effective way of obtaining genetic material from the environment and has the potential to complement traditional methods for biodiversity and genetic monitoring. In this study, we investigate whether eDNA isolated from seawater samples has the capacity to capture the genetic diversity of bowhead whales in Disko Bay, West Greenland, for the implementation of long‐term genetic monitoring programs of key Arctic marine species. A total of 41 eDNA “footprint” samples were obtained from the water surface after a whale had dived and an additional 54 eDNA samples were collected along transect lines. Samples were screened for bowhead DNA using a species‐specific qPCR primer and probe assay, and a subset of 30 samples were successfully Sanger‐sequenced to generate individual mitochondrial control region haplotypes. Moreover, by shotgun sequencing ten footprint samples on an Illumina NovaSeq platform we show that footprints generally contain less than 1% endogenous DNA, resulting in partial mitochondrial genomes in four samples out of ten samples. Our findings suggest that sampling in the footprint or wake of traveling animals is a promising method for capturing the genetic diversity of bowhead whales and other marine megafauna. With optimization of sampling and target DNA sequencing for higher endogenous DNA yield, seawater eDNA samples have a large potential for implementation in the long‐term population genetic monitoring of marine megafauna in the Arctic and elsewhere.
What's in an education? Implications of CEO education for financial inclusion
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the impact of chief executive officer's (CEO) educational background, that is, business degree (an MBA) on corporate strategies. In essence, the study tests how differences in educational backgrounds, MBACEOs vis‐à‐vis non‐MBACEOs, determine their strategic choices pertaining to financial inclusion. The study evaluates this relationship in the third‐sector, faith‐based charity organizations (FCOs) context. Using a longitudinal sample of FCOs operating in a developing Muslim‐majority country, this paper reports that CEO's educational background, that is, an MBA degree matters for financial inclusion. These findings demonstrate how CEO's educational background shape the strategic posture of third‐sector organizations such as the FCOs. Additionally, the interaction effects further suggest that MBACEOs derive their imputes from robust sutural positions within the organization such as role duality, founder and internally hired CEO status. Results reported in this study have import economic and policy implications.
Sentiment indices and stock returns: Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Yongan , Wang Jianqiong , Chen Zhonglu , Liang Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper constructs three monthly sentiment indices based on social media, traditional newspapers, and Internet news. The predictive power of the social media sentiment index and Internet news sentiment index in the full sample is excellent, far better than that of the macroeconomic predictors, whereas the index established based on the traditional newspaper is unsatisfactory. The forecasting results of the indices across different business cycles imply that the social media sentiment index has the best predictive power during expansion periods, and the Internet news sentiment index significantly predicts stock returns during recessions. The two combination sentiment indices obtained by principal component analysis and equal combination provide more accurate forecasts of stock returns and can generate great economic value for investors. These results are broadly consistent across robustness tests.
Board diversity and corporate innovation: Evidence from Chinese listed firms
Authors: Li Yan‐xi , He Chao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study examines the association between board diversity, measured in both demographic characteristics (i.e., gender and age) and cognitive characteristics (i.e., educational background, expertise, tenure and breadth of board experience), and corporate innovation. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms and fixed‐effect models, we find that cognitive diversity, especially in attributes of educational background and expertise, is positively associated with corporate innovation. This is predominantly due to the incremental diversity added by executive directors and depends on demographic diversity. We further find that hi‐tech talent introduction and incentive are two channels through which board diversity affects corporate innovation. The results are robust to the use of alternative measures of corporate innovation, two stage‐least square models by employing two demand‐based instrumental variables for board diversity, and normalized diversity indexes.
Counterstory methodology in a university‐high school collaboration to center and humanize Latina/o voices
Authors: Macias Danielle , Shramko Maura , Pech Alexandria , Romero Andrea , Encinias Veronica 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEducational environments can often feel hostile and inequitable for Latina/o students and teachers, with limited resources and support to humanize their experiences. Counterstorytelling methodologies can be used by students and teachers to center lived experiences, contest deficit narratives, and uncover community cultural wealth (CCW). Drawing on a CCW lens, situated in critical race theory and Latina/o critical theory, we examine a university‐high school service learning collaboration in an urban setting that focused on educational equity and counterstorytelling (5 high school classes, 80 students, and 1 teacher; 1 university class, 29 undergraduates, 1 graduate student, and 1 university professor) using ethnographic observations and reflections. In a context of relationship building and discussions of educational equity across the university‐high school partnership, we engaged in a counterstorytelling process that uncovered existing CCW and helped to cultivate positive relational pedagogy (social capital) and college going culture (aspirational and navigational capital) and fostered critical reflection and hope (resistant capital). Centering the unique knowledge of students can allow the teacher to facilitate a more equitable learning environment that acknowledges students' resilience.
SLC37A4‐CDG: Second patient
Authors: Wilson Matthew P. , Quelhas Dulce , Leão‐Teles Elisa , Sturiale Luisa , Rymen Daisy , Keldermans Liesbeth , Race Valérie , Souche Erika , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Campos Teresa , Van Schaftingen Emile , Foulquier François , Garozzo Domenico , Matthijs Gert , Jaeken Jaak 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, a disorder caused by the heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) substitution in SLC37A4 has been described. This causes mislocalization of the glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter to the Golgi leading to a congenital disorder of glycosylation type II (SLC37A4‐CDG). Only one patient has been reported showing liver disease that improved with age and mild dysmorphism. Here we report the second patient with a type II CDG caused by the same heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) mutation thereby confirming the pathogenicity of this variant and expanding the clinical picture with type 1 diabetes, severe scoliosis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Additional clinical and biochemical data provide further insight into the mechanism and prognosis of SLC37A4‐CDG.
High‐efficiency electrolysis of biomass and its derivatives: Advances in anodic oxidation reaction mechanism and transition metal‐based electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Ying , Dang Zhiya , Gao Pingqi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of the anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the efficiency of water electrolysis. An efficient way to break this bottleneck is to replace the OER with biomass and its derivative electro‐oxidation reaction (BEOR). By converting the widely distributed biomass based organic molecules into value‐added chemicals at the anode and simultaneously producing hydrogen efficiently at the cathode, biomass electrolysis possesses unprecedented advantages of renewability, ecological protection, abundant resources and low cost. Herein, we firstly discussed the progress in exploring the electro‐oxidation mechanism of several representative biomasses based organic molecules (such as alcohol, aldehyde, urea, amine, lignin). Then, the transition metal‐based catalysts developed for the BEOR are systematically summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges in this field are introduced. This review aims to provide a reference for the design of high‐efficiency biomass electrolyzer with stable and effective transition metal‐based electrocatalysts.
Respiratory morbidity associated with viral respiratory infections during neonatal stage in premature infants
Authors: Sánchez García Laura , Pellicer Adelina , López‐Martínez Clara , García‐García Maria L. , Casas Inmaculada , Pozo Francisco , Calvo Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveVery low birth weight (VLBW) infants are highly susceptible to viral respiratory infections (VRIs), even during admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Although the role of VRI in childhood in the development of recurrent wheezing and long‐term asthma is well known, information on the impact in later morbidity of VRI in the neonatal period is lacking. We aimed to explore the occurrence of recurrent wheezing over the first 2 years of life according to VRI status during NICU admission.MethodsDuring April 2016 and December 2017, infants below 32 weeks of gestation were prospectively studied in VRI surveillance during NICU admission. Families were contacted between September 2018 and May 2019 by a telephone questionnaire.ResultsA total of 99 patients were enrolled. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 28.8 (1.9) weeks and 1118 (329) g, respectively. During the first 2 years of life, neither episodes of wheezing nor the respiratory impairment‐related hospital admissions differed between positive and negative VRI infants. Episodes of wheezing and respiratory impairment‐related hospital admissions, as well as specific respiratory treatment prescription, were more frequent within the first 2 years in infants who had suffered symptomatic VRI during NICU admission.ConclusionSymptomatic VRI in VLBW infants is associated with long‐term respiratory morbidity. The early surveillance of VRI in the preterm infant during NICU admission is justified for prognostic counseling and closely monitoring after discharge. Routine instruction on asthma‐related risk factors and early prescription of antiasthmatic treatments, when indicated, should be established.
In situ nozzle reservoir thermometry by laser-induced grating spectroscopy in the HELM free-piston reflected shock tunnel
Authors: Selcan C. , Sander T. , Mundt Ch. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExperimental determination of test gas caloric quantities in high-enthalpy ground testing is impeded by excessive pressure and temperature levels as well as minimum test timescales of short-duration facilities. Yet, accurate knowledge of test gas conditions and stagnation enthalpy prior to nozzle expansion is crucial for a valid comparison of experimental data with numerical results. To contribute to a more accurate quantification of nozzle inlet conditions, an experimental study on non-intrusive in situ measurements of the post-reflected shock wave stagnation temperature in a large-scale free-piston reflected shock tunnel is carried out. A series of 20 single-shot temperature measurements by resonant homodyne laser-induced grating spectroscopy (LIGS) is presented for three low-/medium-enthalpy conditions (1.2–2.1 MJ/kg) at stagnation temperatures 1100–1900 K behind the reflected shock wave. Prior limiting factors resulting from impulse facility recoil and restricted optical access to the high-pressure nozzle reservoir are solved, and advancement of the optical set-up is detailed. Measurements in air agree with theoretical calculations to within 1–15%, by trend reflecting greater temperatures than full thermo-chemical equilibrium and lesser temperatures than predicted by ideal gas shock jump relations. For stagnation pressures in the range 9–22 MPa, limited influence due to finite-rate vibrational excitation is conceivable. LIGS is demonstrated to facilitate in situ measurements of stagnation temperature within full-range ground test facilities by superior robustness under high-pressure conditions and to be a useful complement of established optical diagnostics for hypersonic flows.
Benzo[a]pyrene and Caenorhabditis elegans: defining the genotoxic potential in an organism lacking the classical CYP1A1 pathway
Authors: Abbass Mustafa , Chen Yuzhi , Arlt Volker M. , Stürzenbaum Stephen R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBenzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is bioactivated in most organisms by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, mainly CYP1A1, ultimately resulting in the reactive metabolite BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) capable of covalently binding to DNA and forming adducts. This step has been defined as the key process in cancer initiation in humans. However, limited knowledge is available about the consequences of BaP exposure in organisms lacking this classical CYP1A1 pathway, one example is the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The aim of this study was to define the genotoxic potential of BaP in C. elegans and to advance our understanding of xenobiotic processing in the absence of the CYP1A1 pathway. Exposure to high concentrations of BaP (0–40 µM) significantly affected life cycle endpoints of C. elegans, which were manifested by a reduced reproductive output and shortened life span. An optimised comet assay revealed that DNA damage increased in a dose-dependent manner; however, no bulky DNA adducts (dG-N2-BPDE) were observed by 32P-postlabelling. Global transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq identified responsive transcript families, most prominently members of the cyp-35 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) enzyme families, both of which are linked to xenobiotic metabolism. Strains harbouring mutations in the cyp-35A2 and cyp-35A3 genes were notably less prone to BaP-mediated toxicity, and BaP led to longevity in cyp-35A5 mutants. In summary, BaP induces transcriptional, genotoxic and phenotypic responses in C. elegans, despite the absence of the classical CYP1A1 bioactivation pathway. This provides first evidence that parallel pathways are implicated in BaP metabolism in C. elegans and this seems to be mediated via the cyp-35 pathway.
Affinoids in the Lubin–Tate perfectoid space and simple supercuspidal representations II: wild case
Authors: Imai Naoki , Tsushima Takahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe construct a family of affinoids in the Lubin–Tate perfectoid space and their formal models such that the middle cohomology of their reductions realizes the local Langlands correspondence and the local Jacquet–Langlands correspondence for the simple supercuspidal representations. The reductions of the formal models are isomorphic to the perfections of some Artin–Schreier varieties, whose cohomology realizes primitive Galois representations. We show also the Tate conjecture for Artin–Schreier varieties associated to quadratic forms.
Signs of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight modular forms
Authors: Lester Stephen , Radziwiłł Maksym 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLet g be a Hecke cusp form of half-integral weight, level 4 and belonging to Kohnen’s plus subspace. Let c(n) denote the nth Fourier coefficient of g, normalized so that c(n) is real for all $$n \ge 1$$

n
≥
1

. A theorem of Waldspurger determines the magnitude of c(n) at fundamental discriminants n by establishing that the square of c(n) is proportional to the central value of a certain L-function. The signs of the sequence c(n) however remain mysterious. Conditionally on the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we show that $$c(n) < 0$$

c
(
n
)
<
0

and respectively $$c(n) > 0$$

c
(
n
)
>
0

holds for a positive proportion of fundamental discriminants n. Moreover we show that the sequence $$\{c(n)\}$$

{
c
(
n
)
}

where n ranges over fundamental discriminants changes sign a positive proportion of the time. Unconditionally, it is not known that a positive proportion of these coefficients are non-zero and we prove results about the sign of c(n) which are of the same quality as the best known non-vanishing results. Finally we discuss extensions of our result to general half-integral weight forms g of level 4N with N odd, square-free.