bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Comparisons between Natural versus Engineered Archaeal Heat-Shock Proteins
Authors: Furr Mercede , Basha Sreenivasulu , Agrawal Shilpi , Alraawi Zeina , Ghosh Piyasi , Stacy Carson , Kumar T.K.S. , Ceballos Ruben Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrenarchaeal group II chaperonins (a.k.a., “heat shock” proteins, HSPs) are abundantly expressed in species of the family Sulfolobaceae. HSPα and HSPβ expression is upregulated during thermal shock. HSPs are subunits of larger octadecameric complexes that function to protect intracellular proteins during thermal stress. Engineered HSPs have been constructed with the idea of protecting enzymes in industrial reactions. HSPβ-coh, a fusion protein comprised of HSPβ and type 1 cohesin from Clostridium thermocellum was used for proof-of-concept. Dockerin-endowed cellulolytic enzymes bind to the complex via cohesin-dockerin interactions. Enzymatic activity (i.e., hydrolysis of lignocellulose) is retained when the platform is used at high temperatures (e.g., 85-88°C). Moreover, enhancement persists on acid-pretreated substrates prompting the question: Are HSPs acid tolerant? In this study, HSP structural integrity is examined at different temperatures and pH. Far-UV circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence indicate HSPα and HSPβ retain structural integrity at neutral pH over a range of temperatures (25-90°C) while HSPβ-coh is less tolerant to thermal stress. Structural integrity is compromised for all subunits at ultra-low pH (i.e., pH 2) with HSPα showing the most susceptibility. Secondary structures of all HSPs are resilient under mildly acidic conditions (pH 4). ANS binding assays indicate a shift in tertiary structure for all subunits at ultra-low pH. Limited trypsin digestion reveals that the backbone of HSPβ-coh is the most flexible and HSPβ is the most resistant. Results suggest that HSPα and HSPβ are more resilient than HSPβ-coh under thermal challenge and that there are limits to the acid tolerance of all HSPs.
Enzyme fatigue limits the detoxification of aflatoxin by Rhodococcus species
Authors: Zaccaria Marco , Sandlin Natalie , Fu David , Domin Marek , Momeni Babak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBacterial detoxification of mycotoxins has the potential to offer a low-cost solution to ensure that feed and food commodities contaminated by fungal growth become safe to consume. Among bacteria, Rhodococcus species are of particular interest because they can be metabolically versatile, non-pathogenic, and environment-friendly. However, the native response of Rhodococcus environmental isolates appears inadequate for current detoxification needs. By analyzing the detoxification of aflatoxin by two Rhodococcus species: R. pyridinivorans and R. erythropolis, we examine important features of the dynamics that could guide future optimization of bacterial detoxification. Our results for Rhodococcus species suggest that detoxification happens through a regulated process of secreting extracellular enzymes. We show that enzyme fatigue in the presence of the toxin determines the lifetime of the enzyme and limits the overall detoxification performance of these species. Additionally, we show that the regulation of enzyme production can be both species- and environment-dependent. Overall, our quantitative approach reveals that enzyme fatigue is a major determinant of overall detoxification and needs to be accounted for in assessing the performance of detoxification by live cells or cell-free filtrates.
Characterization of a vaccine-elicited human antibody with sequence homology to VRC01-class antibodies that binds the C1C2 gp120 domain
Authors: Gray Matthew D. , Feng Junli , Weidle Connor E. , Cohen Kristen W. , Ballweber-Fleming Lamar , MacCamy Anna J. , Huynh Crystal N. , Trichka Josephine J. , Montefiori David , Ferrari Guido , Pancera Marie , McElrath M. Juliana , Stamatatos Leonidas 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYBroadly HIV-1 neutralizing VRC01-class antibodies bind the CD4-binding site of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) and contain VH1-2*02-derived heavy chains paired with light chains expressing five amino acid long CDRL3s. Their unmutated forms do not recognize Env or neutralize HIV-1. The lack of elicitation of VRC01-class antibodies in human clinical trials could potentially be due to the absence of activation of the corresponding naïve B cells by the vaccine Env immunogens. To address this point directly, we examined Env-specific BCR sequences from participants in the HVTN 100 clinical trial. Of all the sequences analyzed only one displayed sequence homology to VRC01-class antibodies, but the corresponding antibody (FH1) recognized the C1C2 gp120 domain. For FH1 to switch epitope recognition to the CD4-binding site, alterations in both the CDRH3 and CDRL3 were necessary. Our findings support the use of specifically designed immunogens to activate VRC01-class B cells in future human vaccine trials.
Acquisition of cell identity in the brown alga Ectocarpus: which of time, cell shape or position matters most?
Authors: Billoud Bernard , Saint-Marcoux Denis , Chenivesse Sabine , Duchêne Carole , Noûs Camille , Langdale Jane A. , Charrier Bénédicte 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring development, cells undergo simultaneous changes of different types that together depict cell “identity”. In the multicellular brown alga Ectocarpus sp., while ageing, cells change shape and relative position within the filament. Understanding how these factors act and interact to specify cell identity requires markers of cell identity and the ability to genetically separate age, shape and position. Here we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate specific cell types from young sporophytes of Ectocarpus, and performed differential RNA-seq analysis. Transcriptome profiles of cell types in the wild-type strain provided signatures of the five cell types that can be identified by shape and position. In two mutants, where the relationship between cell shape, position and age are altered, transcriptome signatures revealed that little differential expression could be identified when only shape was perturbed. More generally, although the two mutants are characterised by opposite morphological phenotypes, their transcriptomes were remarkably similar. We concluded that despite the robustness of cell differentiation during WT development, neither the shape nor the position of the cell could serve as a faithful gauge for tracking differentiation.
Multiple knockout mutants reveal a high redundancy of phytotoxic compounds that determine necrotrophic pathogenesis of Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Leisen Thomas , Werner Janina , Pattar Patrick , Ymeri Edita , Sommer Frederik , Schroda Michael , Scheuring David , Hahn Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBotrytis cinerea is a major pathogen of more than 1400 plant species. During infection, the kills host cells during infection and spreads through necrotic tissue, which is believed to be supported by induction of programmed plant cell death. To comprehensively evaluate the contributions of most of the currently known plant cell death inducing proteins (CDIPs) and metabolites for necrotrophic infection, an optimized CRISPR/Cas protocol was established which allowed serial marker-free mutagenesis to generate Botrytis mutants lacking up to 12 different CDIPs. Infection analysis revealed a decrease in virulence with increasing numbers of knockouts, and differences in the effects of knockouts on different host plants. The on planta secretomes obtained from these mutants revealed substantial remaining necrotic activity after infiltration into leaves. Our study has addressed for the first time the functional redundancy of virulence factors of a fungal pathogen, and demonstrates that B. cinerea releases a highly redundant cocktail of proteins and metabolites to achieve necrotrophic infection of a wide variety of host plants.
Bifurcating Neurons In The Anterior Thalamic Nuclei
Authors: Pei Y , Tasananukorn S , Wolff M , Dalrymple-Alford JC 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) form a nodal point within a distributed memory network. The conventional view of ATN function describes segregated efferents to different terminal regions. By contrast, we found that bifurcating neurons are common within the anteromedial nucleus (AM) of the ATN. A substantial proportion of AM neurons (∼36% within a region of interest) showed collateral projections when one of two retrograde neurotracers, Cholera Toxin Subunit B (CTB) conjugated to either Alexa Fluor® 488 or 594, was placed in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or dorsal subiculum (dSub). A marked degree of collateralization (∼20% AM neurons) was also found when neurotracers were placed in mPFC and caudal retrosplenial cortex (cRSC); about 10% showed collaterals when the cRSC was paired with either dSub or vHF; the fewest (6%) was found for mPFC paired with the ventral hippocampal formation (vHF). A generally similar range of percentages of bifurcating neurons was found in the adjacent nucleus reuniens (Re). Evidence that AM neurons project simultaneously to many distantly-located structures provides a new perspective on ATN function. These neurons would facilitate direct coordination among key neural structures to support memory and may explain the strong association between the ATN and diencephalic amnesia.
Chemistry, Taxonomy and Ecology of the potentially chimpanzee-dispersedVepris tevasp.nov. (Rutaceae) of coastal thicket in the Congo Republic
Authors: Langat Moses , Kami Teva , Cheek Martin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTContinuing a survey of the chemistry of species of the largely continental African genusVepris, we investigate a species previously referred to asVeprissp. 1 of Congo. From the leaves ofVeprissp. 1 we report six compounds. The compounds were three furoquinoline alkaloids, kokusaginine(1), maculine(2), and flindersiamine(3), two acridone alkaloids, arborinine(4)and 1-hydroxy-3-methoxy-10-methylacridone(5), and the triterpenoid, ß-amyrin(6). Compounds1-4are commonly isolated from otherVeprisspecies, compound5has been reported before once, from MalagasyVepris pilosa, while this is the first report of ß-amyrin fromVepris. This combination of compounds has never before been reported from any species ofVepris. We test the hypothesis thatVeprissp.1 is new to science and formally describe it asVepris teva, unique in the genus in that the trifoliolate leaves are subsessile, with the median petiolule far exceeding the petiole in length. Similar fleshy-leathery 4-locular syncarpous fruits are otherwise only known in the genus inVepris glaberrima(formerly the monotypic genusOriciopsisEngl.), a potential sister species, but requiring further investigation to confirm this phylogenetic position. We briefly characterise the unusual and poorly documented Atlantic coast equatorial ecosystem, whereVepris tevais restricted to evergreen thicket on white sand, unusual in a genus usually confine to evergreen forest. This endemic-rich ecosystem with a unique amphibian as well as plants, extends along the coastline from the mouth of the Congo River to southern Rio Muni, a distance of about 1000 km, traversing five countries. We map and illustrateVepris tevaand assess its extinction risk as Endangered (EN B1ab(iii)+B2ab(iii)) using the IUCN standard. Only three locations are known, and threats include port and oil refinery construction and associated activities, with only one protected location, the Jane Goodall Institute’s Tchimpounga Reserve. Initial evidence indicates that the seeds ofVepris tevaare dispersed by chimpanzees, previously unreported in the genus
Primate-specific ZNF808 is essential for pancreatic development in humans
Authors: De Franco Elisa , Owens Nick D L , Montaser Hossam , Wakeling Matthew N , Saarimäki-Vire Jonna , Ibrahim Hazem , Triantou Athina , Balboa Diego , Caswell Richard C , Johnson Matthew B , Ellard Sian , Wright Caroline F ,   Pancreatic Agenesis Gene Discovery Consortium, Flanagan Sarah E , Otonkoski Timo , Hattersley Andrew T , Imbeault Michael 
Published: August 2021

SummaryIdentifying genes linked to extreme phenotypes in humans has the potential to highlight new biological processes fundamental for human development. Here we report the identification of homozygous loss of function variants in the primate-specific gene ZNF808 as a cause of pancreatic agenesis. ZNF808 is a member of the KRAB zinc finger protein (KZFPs) family, a large and rapidly evolving group of epigenetic silencers that target transposable elements. We show that loss of ZNF808 in vitro results in aberrant activation of many transposable elements it normally represses during early pancreas development. This results in inappropriate specification of cell fate with induction of genes associated with liver endoderm and a loss of pancreatic identity. We show that ZNF808 and its transposable element targets play a critical role in cell fate specification during human pancreatic development. This is the first report of loss of a primate-specific gene causing a congenital developmental disease and highlights the essential role of ZNF808 for pancreatic development in humans.
High-resolution fast-tomography brain-imaging beamline at the Taiwan Photon Source
Authors: Chen Hsiang Hsin , Yang Shun-Min , Yang Kai-En , Chiu Ching-Yu , Chang Chia-Ju , Wang Ya-Sian , Lee Tsung-Tse , Huang Yu-Fen , Chen Yi-Yun , Petibois Cyril , Chang Shih-Hung , Cai Xiaoqing , Low Chian-Ming , Tan Francis Chee Kuan , Teo Alvin , Tok Eng Soon , Lim Jae-Hong , Je Jun-Ho , Kohmura Yoshiki , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Margaritondo Giorgio , Hwu Yeukuang 
Published: August 2021

The new Brain Imaging Beamline (BIB) of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been commissioned and opened to users. The BIB and in particular its endstation are designed to take advantage of bright unmonochromatized synchrotron X-rays and target fast 3D imaging, ∼1 ms exposure time plus very high ∼0.3 µm spatial resolution. A critical step in achieving the planned performances was the solution to the X-ray induced damaging problems of the detection system. High-energy photons were identified as their principal cause and were solved by combining tailored filters/attenuators and a high-energy cut-off mirror. This enabled the tomography acquisition throughput to reach >1 mm3 min−1, a critical performance for large-animal brain mapping and a vital mission of the beamline.
Development of healthier gluten-free chicken products coated with different cereal sources
Authors: Uyarcan Müge , Yayla Emine , Akgül Deniz , İşseven Damla 
Published: August 2021

PurposeAccording to the dietary needs of celiac people and very limited variety of commercially available foodstuff, the demand for gluten-free products is increasing every day. Keeping this in view, the present study aims to develop healthier gluten-free chicken products by using different cereal sources and to determine the effect of substitution of wheat flour with gluten-free flours on quality of chicken products.Design/methodology/approachBuckwheat, chickpea and rice flours were used as gluten-free flours for the production of chicken products. The physical (yield parameters, crust colour), chemical (proximate composition, caloric value, pH) and sensorial properties of coated chicken products were measured. Duncan's multiple range test and principles component analysis were performed.FindingsGluten-free flours were significantly effective on yield parameters, colour, moisture, protein, lipid and caloric value of the samples (p < 0.05). The results showed that gluten-free chicken products had better pickup, lighter appearance, higher cooking yield and moisture, lower cooking loss, oil absorption, lipid and caloric values compared to commercial wheat flour coated control. Regarding the overall impression rank sums, the panellists were more preferred gluten-free products than control group. The samples coated with chickpea flour were best rated by the panellists. The results of the study suggested that the use of chickpea coating flour could be best nutritionally and sensorially suitable option for producing gluten-free chicken product.Originality/valueThis study offers potential healthy alternatives to increase the variety of gluten-free products that celiac people desperately need today.
Factors influencing green purchasing inconsistency of Ecuadorian millennials
Authors: Carrión Bósquez Nelson Geovany , Arias-Bolzmann Leopoldo Gabriel 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to identify whether attitudes and subjective norms influence green purchase intentions of university millennials, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. It also analyzed whether purchase intentions resulted in actual purchases and the factors that influenced green purchasing inconsistencies.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional quantitative study with 710 millennial participants, who were university students of the four most populated cities of Ecuador; however, only 126 (18%) participants were found to frequently consume organic products during the last months. The results were tested by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient to determine the instrument's internal consistency. Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis was developed to verify if the questions were grouped into their corresponding constructs. Finally, the proposed research model's validity was verified through a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. SPSS 20 and AMOS 24 were used for the abovementioned statistical analyses.FindingsAttitudes and subjective norms influence green purchase intentions. Although university millennials have high purchase intentions, the majority (82%) did not result in actual purchases. It was determined that consumption habit is the main factor influencing green purchasing inconsistencies.Originality/valueThis is the first study to measure green purchasing inconsistencies in developing countries in South America (Ecuador), exposing that purchase intention is not the best predictor of actual purchases in developing economies. It also provides answers to previous studies that suggested determining levels of inconsistency and attitude-behavior gaps.
Green supply chain management pressures, practices and performance: a critical literature review
Authors: Choudhary Kailash , Sangwan Kuldip Singh 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) is evolving rapidly due to the environmental concerns and gaining popularity in the research community. This study critically analyze the literature of GSCM pressure, practice and performance for manufacturing enterprises based on the results of bibliometric, network and frequency analyses.Design/methodology/approachScopus database is used for literature search. Bibliometric network and frequency analysis are used to critically review the evolution of identified constructs and measures of GSCM pressure, practice and performance.FindingsThis study has identified that the selected topic is in growing stage through the collaborative effort of the worldwide researchers. This study also shows the diffusion of influence in developing countries and there are enormous opportunities of research in these regions. The study finds evaluation of GSCM constructs and measures with time and shift in focus areas by the researchers. The study suggests more focus on the measurement of informative pressures, reverse logistics practices and negative impact on economic performance due to the adoption of GSCM practices. There is a need of simultaneous analysis of GSCM pressures, practices and performance to identify the cascading effect in different regions and industrial sectors and developed a conceptual framework to identify this effect. This study also observes the need of more quantitative measures-based case studies and suggests the use of life cycle assessment for the quantification of environmental performance.Originality/valueThis study for the first time has analyzed a specific topic of GSCM pressure, practice and performance through bibliometric and network analyses. This study critically reviews the constructs and measures of GSCM pressure, practice and performance and identified the future research directions.
The hindrance of cloud computing acceptance within the financial sectors in Germany
Authors: Stewart Harrison 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a model called “IaaS adoption” to identify the various challenges and precise implications that hinder the adoption of infrastructure as a service (IaaS) in Germany.

Design/methodology/approach
The model was validated by an online survey of 208 bank employees.

Findings
The study found that the nine-five-circle factors (data security, risk and trust) and other factors proved to be statistically significant challenges for IaaS acceptance among banks in Germany.

Originality/value
The adoption of cloud technology and its advantages is still a critical issue for the conventional banking sectors in Germany.
From accident to hospital: measuring inequality in pre-hospital emergency services in a city in the North of Iran
Authors: Omidi Mohaddese , Zohrevandi Behzad , Homaie Rad Enayatollah 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
As a human right, people need to arrive early at the hospitals when they are injured in traffic accidents. Both the mean and equality of the time of arriving at the hospital are important. This study aimed to investigate inequality in arrival time of emergent traffic accident patients to the hospital in 2018–2019 in a city in the North of Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors extracted the data from the Guilan province trauma system databank in Poursina Hospital in Rasht in 2018 and 2019. The Gini coefficient was used to calculate inequality, and a regression model was estimated for determining the reason for inequality in time to receive hospital services.

Findings
The study showed that patients’ arrival time from the time of the accident to the time of arrival to the hospital was 64.48 ± 47.63 min (minimum of 9 min and maximum 462 min). Gini coefficient was 0.31 (p <0.001), which does not show high inequality. Regression results showed that the transfer time of patients by car was 40 min longer (p-value <0.001) than ambulances (p = 0.036). In children, the transfer time was 42 min less (p = 0.003). Other variables did not explain the inequality (p > 0.05).

Originality/value
According to the time of arrival of patients and Gini index, in Rasht, inequality in providing services is not in a bad condition. This indicates that the emergency department does not systematically transport people to the hospital late.