bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating the Supramolecular Copolymerization of N‐ and C‐Centered Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxamides: The Role of Parallel and Antiparallel Packing of Amide Groups in the Copolymer Microstructure
Authors: de Windt Lafayette N. J. , Fernández Zulema , Fernández‐Míguez Manuel , Freire Félix , Palmans Anja R. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn in‐depth study of the supramolecular copolymerization behavior of N‐ and C‐centered benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamides (N‐ and C‐BTAs) has been conducted in methylcyclohexane and in the solid state. The connectivity of the amide groups in the BTAs differs, and mixing N‐ and C‐BTAs results in supramolecular copolymers with a blocky microstructure in solution. The blocky microstructure results from the formation of weaker and less organized, antiparallel hydrogen bonds between N‐ and C‐BTAs. In methylcyclohexane, the helical threefold hydrogen‐bonding network present in C‐ and N‐BTAs is retained in the mixtures. In the solid state, in contrast, the hydrogen bonds of pure BTAs as well as their mixtures organize in a sheet‐like pattern, and in the mixtures long‐range order is lost. Drop‐casting to kinetically trap the solution microstructures shows that C‐BTAs retain the helical hydrogen bonds, but N‐BTAs immediately adopt the sheet‐like pattern, a direct consequence of the lower stabilization energy of the helical hydrogen bonds. In the copolymers, the stability of the helical aggregates depends on the copolymer composition, and helical aggregates are only preserved when a high amount of C‐BTAs is present. The method outlined here is generally applicable to elucidate the copolymerization behavior of supramolecular monomers both in solution as well as in the solid state.
Chirality determination in crystals
Authors: Valentín‐Pérez Ángela , Rosa Patrick , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Giorgi Michel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis tutorial review article discusses chirality determination in the solid state, both in single crystals and in crystal assemblies, with an emphasis on X‐ray diffraction. The main principles of using X‐ray diffraction to reliably determine absolute structure are summarized, and the complexity which can be encountered in chiral structures—kryptoracemates, scalemates, and inversion twinning—is illustrated with examples from our laboratories and the literature. We then address the problem of the bulk crystallization and discuss different techniques to determine chirality in a large assembly of crystal structures, with a special prominence given to an X‐ray natural circular dichroism mapping technique that we recently reported.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Membrane for Separation of p‐Xylene and o‐Xylene by Pervaporation
Authors: Guo Hao , Wan Zheng , Li Yanhong , He Xiao , Huang Aisheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, a graphene oxide (GO) membrane is developed for the separation of p‐xylene (PX, 0.58 nm) from o‐xylene (OX, 0.68 nm). Attributing to the suitable d‐spacing size (0.58 nm), the GO membrane allows more PX to pass through than OX, leading to a high PX/OX selectivity. At 110 °C for the separation of equimolar PX/OX mixture, the PX/OX separation factor is 9.4 and PX flux is 145.3 g m−2h−1, respectively, which is promising for the separation of xylene isomers by pervaporation. The separation performance of the GO membrane is further confirmed by simulation studies.
Study on the correlation between trace elements and colorimetric parameters of natural blue sapphire
Authors: Zhou Danyi , Lu Taijin , Zhang Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNatural blue sapphire is a gem species of corundum, which has high economic value due to its beauty and rarity. Color is the most important factor affecting the price of sapphire and mainly caused by trace elements. However, there is little quantitative data currently available to demonstrate the correlation between trace elements and colorimetric parameters of natural blue sapphire. In this study, the UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra and colorimetric parameters were collected by UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrophotometer while the chemical composition was analyzed by laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results show that the content ratio of (FeOT + TiO2)/MgO has negative correlation with b* but positive correlation with Cab*, illustrating its obvious effect on the blue color saturation of natural blue sapphire. In addition, the existence of Cr can produce purple hue and the content of Cr shows positive correlation with hue‐angle hab only in the low range (5‐15 ppm), which implies the content of Cr has a limited influence on the hue of natural blue sapphire and the effect may be more complicated as the content of Cr increases above 15 ppm. This investigation can provide quantitative data for scientific color grading and additional applications of natural blue sapphire.
Current Topics in Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kapernaum Nadia , Lange Alyna , Ebert Max , Grunwald Marco A. , Haege Christian , Marino Sebastian , Zens Anna , Taubert Andreas , Giesselmann Frank , Laschat Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonic liquid crystals (ILCs), that is, ionic liquids exhibiting mesomorphism, liquid crystalline phases, and anisotropic properties, have received intense attention in the past years. Among others, this is due to their special properties arising from the combination of properties stemming from ionic liquids and from liquid crystalline arrangements. Besides interesting fundamental aspects, ILCs have been claimed to have tremendous application potential that again arises from the combination of properties and architectures that are not accessible otherwise, or at least not accessible easily by other strategies. The current review highlights recent developments in ILC research, starting with some key fundamental aspects. Further subjects covered include the synthesis and variations of modern ILCs, including the specific tuning of their mesomorphic behavior. The review concludes with reflections on some applications that may be within reach for ILCs and finally highlights a few key challenges that must be overcome prior and during true commercialization of ILCs.
Post‐Synthetic Macrocyclization of Rotaxane Building Blocks
Authors: Gauthier Maxime , Waelès Philip , Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough not often encountered, cyclic interlocked molecules are appealing molecular targets because of their restrained tridimensional structure which is related to both the cyclic and interlocked shapes. Interlocked molecules such as rotaxane building blocks may be good candidates for post‐synthetic intramolecular cyclization if the preservation of the mechanical bond ensures the interlocked architecture throughout the reaction. This is obviously the case if the modification does not involve the cleavage of either the macrocycle's main chain or the encircled part of the axle. However, among the post‐synthetic reactions, the chemical linkage between two reactive sites belonging to embedded elements of rotaxanes still consists of an underexploited route to interlocked cyclic molecules. This Review lists the rare examples of macrocyclization through chemical connection between reactive sites belonging to a surrounding macrocycle and/or an encircled axle of interlocked rotaxanes.
Gingival phenotype distribution in young Caucasian women and men – An investigative study
Authors: Fischer Kai R. , Büchel Jasmin , Kauffmann Frederic , Heumann Christian , Friedmann Anton , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between gingival phenotype and tooth location based on selected index teeth (“Ramfjord”) and assess possible differences between women and men.Material and MethodsThirty‐six women and 20 men voluntarily participated in this investigation with an average age of 23 years (min: 19; max: 37). Gingival phenotypes (GP) were assessed by transparency of a periodontal probe through the buccal gingival margin.ResultsA comparable and similar GP on all index teeth was only found in seven out of the 56 subjects, that is, thin or thick only: Five participants (three male/two female) showed a uniform and constantly thick and two females a constantly thin GP. While the majority of molars (94.6%; p = 0.006) showed a thick GP, premolars (61.6%; p = 0.09) as well as incisors (70.5%; p = 0.046) were predominantly categorized as thin. In addition, significantly thicker GP was in general observed for maxillary teeth (p = 0.001) but without differences between genders (p = 0.722).ConclusionNo constant GP can be expected within one dentition. The use of the “Ramfjord teeth” may serve as a quick overview and reliable method to screen GP distribution.
A Novel Cerium(IV)‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for CO2 Chemical Fixation and Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Gu Jia‐Xin , Chen Hao , Ren Yu , Gu Zhi‐Gang , Li Guangli , Xu Wen‐Jie , Yang Xin‐Yu , Wen Jian‐Xin , Wu Jing‐Tao , Jin Hong‐Guang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCerium (IV)‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly desirable due to their unique potential in fields such as redox catalysis and photocatalysis. However, due to the high reduction potential of CeIV species in solution, it is still a great challenge to synthesize CeIV‐MOFs with novel structures, which are extremely dominated by the hexanuclear Ce−O cluster inorganic building units (IBUs). Herein, a Ce−O IBU chain containing CeIV‐MOF, CSUST‐3 (CSUST: Changsha University of Science and Technology), was successfully prepared using the kinetic stabilization study of UiO‐66(Ce)‐NDC (H2NDC=2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid). Furthermore, owing to the superior redox activity, Lewis acidity and semiconductor‐like behavior owing to Ce4+, activated CSUST‐3 was demonstrated to be an excellent catalyst for CO2 chemical fixation. One‐pot synthesis of styrene carbonate from styrene and CO2 was achieved under mild conditions (1 atm CO2, 80 °C, and solvent free). Moreover, activated CSUST‐3 was shown to be a remarkable co‐catalyst‐free photocatalyst for overall water splitting (OWS), rendering 59 μmol g−1 h−1 of H2 and 22 μmol g−1 h−1 of O2 under simulated sunlight irradiation (Na2S‐Na2SO3 as sacrificial agent).
Chinook and Coho salmon hybrids linked to habitat and climatic changes on Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Authors: Araujo H. Andres , Duguid William D. P. , Withler Ruth , Supernault Janine , Schulze Angela D. , Mckenzie Jessica L. , Pellett Kevin , Beacham Terry D. , Jonsen Kim , Gummer Anna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBetween 2013 and 2019, 63 presumed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha sampled primarily in the Strait of Georgia (0.63% of total sample) were identified as potential Chinook–Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) hybrids by the presence of anomalous microsatellite genotypes. Their hybrid origin was confirmed by single nucleotide polymorphism amplification of two species‐specific amplicons. Mitochondrial DNA indicated that most of these fish resulted from the hybridization of Coho salmon females and Chinook salmon males. Although no diagnostic external features were identified, several individuals displayed an abnormal scale arrangement on the caudal peduncle. One hybrid juvenile examined for meristics exhibited a pyloric caeca count intermediate between published values for Chinook and Coho salmon. Most hybrids originated in the Cowichan River during the 2014 brood year. Their prevalence in the watershed is a naturally occurring event, likely exacerbated by prolonged low water levels which limit habitat and delay Chinook salmon spawning, in addition to the differential abundance of the parental species. This research is the first to document ongoing natural hybridization (Chinook–Coho salmon crosses) and link it to habitat and climatic changes, and includes the identification of eight F1 adults and two juvenile backcross or F2 hybrids. The potential negative impacts of hybridization, particularly in Coho salmon through potential introgression, warrant hybrid identification as an ecosystem monitoring tool within a survey program.
A test of the Janzen‐Connell hypothesis in a species‐rich Mediterranean woodland
Authors: Teste François P. , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe Janzen‐Connell (JC) hypothesis predicts that conspecific negative density dependence contributes to the maintenance of plant diversity by lowering the recruitment of locally abundant plant species. The JC hypothesis is a widely evoked explanation for the high species diversity in tropical forests, but remains poorly tested in other species‐rich systems such as Mediterranean woodlands. As such, we tested if the JC operates and the role of soil‐borne oomycetes in a species‐rich Mediterranean woodland of Western Australia, where post‐fire recruitment can lead to high seedling densities, using the common Banksia attenuata as a case study. We attempted to decipher the effects of oomycete pathogens and distance from conspecific trees on intraspecific seedling survival and growth. Contrary to the JC hypothesis, we found little evidence of negative density dependence, but our results suggest positive density dependence survival under conspecific trees. Oomycete‐driven mortality in seedlings was also found regardless of the type of tree. Our results suggest that short‐term seedling recruitment patterns in this species‐rich, fire‐prone ecosystem do not follow the JC hypothesis. Future studies should explore whether negative conspecific density and distance dependence could play a greater role in later stages of the post‐fire recovery process.
Habitat fragmentation alters the distance of abiotic seed dispersal through edge effects and direction of dispersal
Authors: Warneke Christopher R. , Caughlin T. Trevor , Damschen Ellen I. , Haddad Nick M. , Levey Douglas J. , Brudvig Lars A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are leading causes of species declines, driven in part by reduced dispersal. Isolating the effects of fragmentation on dispersal, however, is daunting because the consequences of fragmentation are typically intertwined, such as reduced connectivity and increased prevalence of edge effects. We used a large‐scale landscape experiment to separate consequences of fragmentation on seed dispersal, considering both distance and direction of local dispersal. We evaluated seed dispersal for five wind‐ or gravity‐dispersed, herbaceous plant species that were planted at different distances from habitat edges, within fragments that varied in their connectivity and shape (edge‐to‐area ratio). Dispersal distance was affected by proximity and direction relative to the nearest edge. For four of five species, dispersal distances were greater further from habitat edges and when seeds dispersed in the direction of the nearest edge. Connectivity and patch edge‐to‐area ratio had minimal effects on local dispersal. Our findings illustrate how some, but not all, landscape changes associated with fragmentation can affect the key population process of seed dispersal.
Oxidative Addition Reactions of Low‐Valent Gallium Compounds with Primary Phosphanes
Authors: Schneider Selina , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOxidative addition reactions of (Dipp2NacNac)Ga with the primary silylphosphanes R2R'Si‐PH2 in toluene led to the phospha‐gallanes (Dipp2NacNac)GaH(PHSiR2R’); R=R’=Me (1), R=Me, R’=Thex (2), R=R’=iPr (3) and R=Ph, R’=tBu (4). The same reaction starting from the diphosphane iPr2Si(PH2)2 yields the digallane {(Dipp2NacNac)GaH(PH)}2(SiiPr2) (5 a). In contrast, reaction with the hypersilylphosphane resulted in the elimination of (Me3Si)3SiH and formation of the diphospha‐gallane (Dipp2NacNac)Ga(PH2)(PHSi(SiMe3)3) (6). The primary organo‐phosphane tBuPH2 shows a similar reaction behavior in toluene though both the di‐ and monophospha‐gallanes (Dipp2NacNac)GaX(PHtBu) (7 a: X=PH2, 7 b: X=H) occur. In a row of used solvents, only pyridine led selective to the formation of 7 b thus we tested the influence of this solvent on the reaction of iPr2Si(PH2)2 with only one equivalent (Dipp2NacNac)Ga which yields the compound (Dipp2NacNac)GaH(PHSiiPr2PH2) (5 b). Additionally, a derivative of compound 3, (Dipp2NacNac)GaCl(PHSiiPr3) (8), with an Cl atom bond to gallium instead of a hydrogen was obtained by the reaction of (Dipp2NacNac)GaCl2 with iPr3SiPHLi.
Waste to energy conversion utilizing nanostructured Algal‐based microbial fuel cells
Authors: Mahmoud Rehab H. , Samhan Farag A. , Ibrahim Mohamed K. , Ali Gamila H. , Hassan Rabeay Y. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing environmental pollution along with the depletion of energy resources are critical challenges. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), a simple fuel cell that converts chemical energy into bioelectricity by the catalytic activities of living microbes, are evolving as a multipurpose renewable energy technology. The power generation via the MFCs depends on harvesting free electrons from the electroactive microorganisms, popularly known as exoelectrogens, to simultaneously produce electricity and treat wastewater. In the present work, nanostructured bio‐electrochemical systems are designed to exploit the usability of algae biomass collected from high rate algal pond system (HRAP) either as algal‐living cells or as dry biomass for bioelectricity production via several approaches (i.e., the algae will act as bioanode, biocathode, or nutrient substrate). The obtained results indicated that a higher electric current is produced when microalgae living cells are exploited as bio‐cathode in a double‐chamber‐microbial fuel cell (DCMFC) with a net power density (250 mW/m2) combined with high‐efficiency removal of COD reached 44.8%. Overall, the study's findings suggested that living algal cells from HRAP support high power output from a DMFC when they are exploited as biocathode, hence, the system introduced the opportunity to redesign the high rate algal ponds in the wastewater treatment plants in a way to produce energy plus the main assigned tasks which are the removal of wastes.
Advances in automated real‐time flow cytometry for monitoring of bioreactor processes
Authors: Heins Anna‐Lena , Hoang Manh Dat , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlow cytometry and its technological possibilities have greatly advanced in the past decade as analysis tool for single cell properties and population distributions of different cell types in bioreactors. Along the way, some solutions for automated real‐time flow cytometry (ART‐FCM) were developed for monitoring of bioreactor processes without operator interference over extended periods with variable sampling frequency. However, there is still great potential for ART‐FCM to evolve and possibly become a standard application in bioprocess monitoring and process control. This review first addresses different components of an ART‐FCM, including the sampling device, the sample‐processing unit, the unit for sample delivery to the flow cytometer and the settings for measurement of pre‐processed samples. Also, available algorithms are presented for automated data analysis of multi‐parameter fluorescence datasets derived from ART‐FCM experiments. Furthermore, challenges are discussed for integration of fluorescence‐activated cell sorting into an ART‐FCM setup for isolation and separation of interesting subpopulations that can be further characterized by for instance omics‐methods. As the application of ART‐FCM is especially of interest for bioreactor process monitoring, including investigation of population heterogeneity and automated process control, a summary of already existing setups for these purposes is given. Additionally, the general future potential of ART‐FCM is addressed.
Effects of vertical ground motions on the dynamic response of URM structures: Comparative shake‐table tests
Authors: Kallioras Stylianos , Graziotti Francesco , Penna Andrea , Magenes Guido 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of an experimental study aimed at evaluating the influence of the vertical ground motion component on the seismic performance of unreinforced brick‐masonry buildings. The research was motivated by post‐earthquake observations of significant structural damage in the vicinity of the fault, where horizontal and vertical ground motions are often strong and synchronized. Vertical accelerations can fluctuate gravity loads, which control the in‐plane lateral load capacity of masonry piers and affect the out‐of‐plane overturning stability of thin walls. Such phenomena seem not to be sufficiently explained in existing literature, while experimental evidence is undoubtedly missing. Here, the damage potential of vertical accelerations was investigated through a series of multidirectional shake‐table tests on full‐scale structures under simulated near‐source ground motions of increasing intensity. The experiments comprised three nominally identical building specimens subjected to the principal horizontal component alone, the horizontal component combined with the vertical one, and the full three‐component ground motion. The buildings included structural/nonstructural elements (e.g., gables, chimneys, and parapets) sensitive to gravity load variations due to their low axial loads. Two different sets of three‐component earthquake records were employed to assess the effects of both tectonic and induced seismicity scenarios. Overall, the vertical earthquake motion did not cause appreciable differences in the behavior of the buildings. Any influence on the strength and peak response of structural/nonstructural walls was marginal and non‐systematic. Data and observations from these experiments add substantially to our understanding of the vertical acceleration effects on masonry structures.
Tripartite motif‐containing protein 11 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through ubiquitin‐proteasome–mediated degradation of pleckstrin homology domain leucine‐rich repeats protein phosphatase 1
Authors: Yang Juan , Ye Jianming , Ma Tengfei , Tang Fangfang , Huang Li , Liu Zhen , Tian Song , Cheng Xu , Zhang Li , Guo Zhenli , Tu Fuping , He Miao , Xu Xueming , Lu Xiaojuan , Wu Yanyang , Zeng Xiaoli , Zou Jiahua , Wang Xiangcai , Peng Weijie , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
HCC is one of the main types of primary liver cancer, with high morbidity and mortality and poor treatment effect. Tripartite motif‐containing protein 11 (TRIM11) has been shown to promote tumor formation in lung cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and so on. However, the specific function and mechanism of TRIM11 in HCC remain open for study.

Approach and Results
Through clinical analysis, we found that the expression of TRIM11 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and was associated with high tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages, advanced histological grade, and poor patient survival. Then, by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function investigations, we demonstrated that TRIM11 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis showed that TRIM11 interacted with pleckstrin homology domain leucine‐rich repeats protein phosphatase 1 (PHLPP1) and promoted K48‐linked ubiquitination degradation of PHLPP1 and thus promoted activation of the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Moreover, overexpression of PHLPP1 blocked the promotional effect of TRIM11 on HCC function.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that TRIM11 plays an oncogenic role in HCC through the PHLPP1/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that targeting TRIM11 may be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.