bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Produces Dust Polarization in the HH 212 Protostellar Disk at 878 μm: Dust Self-scattering or Dichroic Extinction?
Authors: Lee Chin-Fei , Li Zhi-Yun , Yang Haifeng , Daniel Lin Zhe-Yu , Ching Tao-Chung , Lai Shih-Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We report the results of new dust polarization of a nearly edge-on disk in the HH 212 protostellar system, obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at ∼0.035″ (14 au) resolution in a continuum at λ ∼ 878 μm. Dust polarization is detected within ∼44 au of the central source, where a rotationally supported disk has formed. The polarized emission forms V-shaped structures opening to the east, and probably to the west, arising from the disk surfaces and arm structures further away in the east and west, which could be due to potential spiral arms excited in the outer disk. The orientations of the polarization are mainly parallel to the minor axis of the disk, with some in the western part tilting slightly away from the minor axis to form a concave shape with respect to the center. This tilting of the orientations of the polarization is expected from dust self-scattering, e.g., by 50−75 μm grains in a young disk. The intensity and degree of the polarization both peak near the central source with a small dip at the central source and decrease toward the edges. These decreases in the intensity and degree of polarization are expected from dichroic extinction by grains aligned by poloidal fields, but may also be consistent with dust self-scattering if the grain size decreases toward the edges. It is possible that both mechanisms are needed to produce the observed dust polarization, suggesting the presence of both grain growth and poloidal fields in the disk.
Solving the Alhazen–Ptolemy Problem: Determining Specular Points on Spherical Surfaces for Radiative Transfer of Titan’s Seas
Authors: Miller William J. , Barnes Jason W. , MacKenzie Shannon M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Given a light source, a spherical reflector, and an observer, where on the surface of the sphere will the light be directly reflected to the observer, i.e., where is the specular point? This is known as the Alhazen–Ptolemy problem and finding this specular point for spherical reflectors is useful in applications ranging from computer rendering to atmospheric modeling to GPS communications. Existing solutions rely upon finding the roots of a quartic equation and evaluating numerically which root provides the real specular point. We offer a formulation, and two solutions thereof, for which the correct root is predeterminable, thereby allowing the construction of the fully analytical solutions we present. Being faster to compute, our solutions should prove useful in cases that require repeated calculation of the specular point, such as Monte Carlo radiative transfer, including reflections off of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas.
The lichens of the Majella National Park (Central Italy): an annotated checklist
Authors: Gheza Gabriele , Di Nuzzo Luca , Vallese Chiara , Benesperi Renato , Bianchi Elisabetta , Di Cecco Valter , Di Martino Luciano , Giordani Paolo , Hafellner Josef , Mayrhofer Helmut , Nimis Pier Luigi , Tretiach Mauro , Nascimbene Juri 
Published: March 2021

The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century. However, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. To provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by recent research.The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. This checklist provides a baseline of the lichens known to occur in the Majella National Park, highlighting the potential of this area as a hotspot of lichen biodiversity, especially from a biogeographical point of view as indicated by the occurrence of several arctic-alpine species that form disjunct populations in the summit area of the massif.
Racisme anti-Noirs au Maghreb : dévoilement(s) d’un tabou
Authors: Sadai Célia 
Published: March 2021

Au Maghreb, l’héritage de la traite arabo-­musulmane explique l’existence contemporaine d’un racisme anti-Noirs systémique. Mais dans un cas comme dans l’autre, le tabou persiste sous la forme d’un déni collectif à la fois inconscient, programmé et institutionnalisé. Cela, même si le langage formule exactement ce qui a été refoulé, à l’image des termes 3abed/abid ou oussif (esclave) qui désignent la personne noire dans la langue arabe. C’est une des nombreuses contradictions qui se manifestent quand on interroge le racisme anti-Noirs au Maghreb. Cet article observe l’agencement, au cours de la dernière décennie, de dispositifs qui ont dévoilé ce tabou pourtant fondateur des sociétés du Maghreb. Et puisqu’il s’agit d’examiner l’émergence d’une parole anti­raciste et la circulation de contre-discours, on a opté pour une approche largement communicationnelle, qui s’intéresse en particulier au dispositif des réseaux sociaux. Viralité, polémique, bashing sont des procédés analysés ici pour leur capacité exceptionnelle à dévoiler ce qui fait tabou.
Characterization of a TNFR2-Selective Agonistic TNF-α Mutant and Its Derivatives as an Optimal Regulatory T Cell Expander
Authors: Inoue Masaki , Yamashita Kanako , Tsuji Yuta , Miki Midori , Amano Shota , Okumura Taichi , Kuge Koki , Tone Takao , Enomoto Shota , Yoshimine Chinatsu , Morita Yuki , Ando Daisuke , Kamada Haruhiko , Mikami Norihisa , Tsutsumi Yasuo , Tsunoda Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subpopulation of lymphocytes that play a role in suppressing and regulating immune responses. Recently, it was suggested that controlling the functions and activities of Tregs might be applicable to the treatment of human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) is a target molecule that modulates Treg functions. In this study, we investigated the role of TNFR2 signaling in the differentiation and activation of mouse Tregs. We previously reported the generation of a TNFR2-selective agonist TNF mutant, termed R2agoTNF, by using our unique cytokine modification method based on phage display. R2agoTNF activates cell signaling via mouse TNFR2. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of R2agoTNF for the proliferation and activation of Tregs in mice. R2agoTNF expanded and activated mouse CD4+CD25+ Tregs ex vivo. The structural optimization of R2agoTNF by internal cross-linking or IgG-Fc fusion selectively and effectively enhanced Treg expansion in vivo. Furthermore, the IgG-Fc fusion protein suppressed skin-contact hypersensitivity reactions in mice. TNFR2 agonists are expected to be new Treg expanders.
Cutting Edge: Reduced Adenosine-to-Inosine Editing of Endogenous Alu RNAs in Severe COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Crooke Philip S. , Tossberg John T. , Porter Krislyn P. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with elevated inflammatory responses. One form of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome caused by inactivating mutations in ADAR results in reduced adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of endogenous dsRNAs, induction of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, other inflammatory mediators, morbidity, and mortality. Alu elements, ∼10% of the human genome, are the most common A-to-I–editing sites. Using leukocyte whole-genome RNA-sequencing data, we found reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Dendritic cells infected with COVID-19 also exhibit reduced A-to-I editing of Alu dsRNAs. Unedited Alu dsRNAs, but not edited Alu dsRNAs, are potent inducers of IRF and NF-κB transcriptional responses, IL6, IL8, and IFN-stimulated genes. Thus, decreased A-to-I editing that may lead to accumulation of unedited Alu dsRNAs and increased inflammatory responses is associated with severe COVID-19 disease.
Assessment and comparison of toothpastes for pH and antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Shetty Pooja J. , Roshni R. S. , Gomes Leslie 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
One of the universally practiced oral hygiene measures is tooth brushing with toothpaste. Each toothpaste is composed of different ingredients. The extent of the antimicrobial activity of toothpastes against cariogenic bacteria is still unclear. Toothpaste with the correct pH will help to neutralize the acidic activity of the oral cavity. However, there are lack of studies to determine pH of different toothpastes.

Aim:
The aim is to assess and compare the commercially available toothpastes for pH and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and Methods:
Commercially available toothpastes composed of varying ingredients available in the local market were included in the study. The pH of the toothpastes was assessed using pH meter. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by making serial dilutions for each selected toothpastes in 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 ratio using distilled water. At different concentrations, the antimicrobial activity of the toothpastes against S. mutans was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The diameter of zones of inhibition (mm) was measured for assessing the antimicrobial activity.

Results:
The mean pH of toothpastes ranged from 7.262 ± 0.414 to 7.729 ± 0.534. All toothpastes showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in all four dilutions 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22 software (IBM Corporation). - Analysis of Variance was used to analyze data.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that the pH of all the toothpastes are above that of critical pH. All the toothpastes had shown antimicrobial activity against S. mutans at varying dilutions.
MEASURES TO IMPROVE LIFE INSURANCE PROFITABILITY IN INDIA
Authors: Satuluri Ramesh Kumar , Radhika Raavi 
Published: March 2021

With ~32 crore policies in-force and over ~11000 branches across locations, Life Insurance Industry in India is the 10th largest across the globe in terms of premium contribution. India's share in Global Life Insurance Market was 2.73% during 2019. The life insurance industry is also one of the largest employers with both direct and indirect employment. Life Insurance penetration in India is at 2.82% and density at 58 USD, which is way below the global statistics. This gives immense opportunity for global players to venture into the Indian insurance market. With a proposal for an FDI hike to 74%, we are expecting many big players to enter the Indian market. However, the attractiveness of the industry not depends solely on the market opportunity but also on the bottom line, which is profitability. Indian Insurance Industry is one of the highly regulated markets across the globe and perceived to be the lowest profit-making insurance market. Hence, the need for the study to improve the profitability of life insurance companies in India through structural and policy measures.
JEL Classification Codes: G22, I13, O16, A10, E22, G10.
Improvement of management systems for the transportation process at the test site of the Northern Railway
Authors: Pokrovskaya O. D. , Rodneva E. S. 
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that today at the test site of the Northern Railway, client-oriented priorities are being actively implemented and measures are being taken to attract new customers to the network, which will increase the share of highly profitable cargo and loading volumes in general, as well as the volume of cargo operations at stations.An attempt was made to propose a change in technology and increase the throughput on the Solombalka – Karpogory section from five to ten pairs of trains per day, based on an assessment of the prospective volumes of work associated with the development of stations in the region and the operating costs associated with their operation.The current state of cargo and commercial operations in the Arkhangelsk region of the Northern Railway was considered, and the prospects for the development of cargo operations were identified.The subject of research is loading stations. The object of the study is the Arkhangelsk territorial administration of the Northern Railway — a branch of JSC Russian Railways.Methods of system analysis, observation method, statistical method, forecasting and predictive modeling are applied.A feasibility study for changing technology and increasing throughput on the Arkhangelsk city – Karpogory section has been carried out. The economic efficiency of the proposal has been confirmed. The research carried out is the result of a two-year interaction with the Northern Railway. The research elements have already been introduced at the Northern Railway test site.
HSCT FOR HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Authors: Paz Alessandra , Bittencourt Rosane , Lerner Decio , Manca Camila , Souza Mair , Baiocchi Otavio , Bachour Philip , Melo Leila Pessoa de , Nabhan Samir Kanaan 
Published: March 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
ENDOCRINOPATHIES AFTER PEDIATRIC HSCT: SCREENING RECOMMENDATIONS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Siviero-Miachon Adriana Aparecida , Alves-Junior Paulo Alonso Garcia , Spinola-Castro Angela Maria , Bordallo Maria Alice Neves 
Published: March 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
HSCT FOR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Authors: Silla Lúcia , Arantes Adriano , Astigarraga Claudia , Barroso Karine Sampaio Nunes , Beltrame Miriam Perlingeiro , Bettarello Gustavo , Campregher Paulo , Duarte Fernando Barroso , Funke Vaneuza Araújo Moreira , Furtado Felipe Magalhães , Hamerschlak Nelson , Ikoma-Colturato Maura Rosane Valéria , Paton Eduardo José de Alencar , Pitombeira Beatriz Stela Gomes de Souza , Souto Elisabeth Xisto , Torres Margareth Afonso 
Published: March 2021

THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY FOR BLOOD AND MARROW TRANSPLANTATION (SBTMO) PRESENTS THE BRAZILIAN GUIDELINES ON HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Pengaruh Model Probing-Prompting Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Peserta Didik Kelas V
Authors: Fembriani Fembriani , Gewahi Melan 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji adanya pengaruh yang signifikan model Probing-Prompting terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA peserta didik kelas V di SD Negeri Hueknutu Kecamatan Takari Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan bentuk desain penelitian One–Group Pretest-Postest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik keslas V SD Negeri Hueknutu yang berjumlah 33 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan model Probing-Prompting terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik yang mencapai KKM pada pembelajaran dengan model Probing-Prompting 61,3% lebih tinggi daripada persentasi nilai peserta didik yang mencapai KKM pada pembelajaran dengan model konvensional yang hanya mencapai 25,8%. Pengujian hipotesis dengan bantuan SPSS 16 dilakukan dengan uji paired sample t test. Berdasarkan data diperoleh nilai signifikansi (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara variabel awal dengan variabel akhir. Ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap perbedaan perlakuan yang diberikan pada masing-masing variabel. Oleh sebab itu, model probing-prompting dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik.
Speech Act Analysis of the Dialogues in Henshaw’s This Is Our Chance
Authors: Yakubu Samaila 
Published: March 2021

Speech act analysis is an act of investigating how utterances not only disseminate information but perform actions as well. Dialogues in Henshaw’s This Is Our Chance are not only employed to exchange information about animosity between the people of Koloro Village and the people of Udura Village but to take actions on matters that involved the two neighbouring villages. The present paper seeks to explore the dialogues in the above mentioned text to see how they have been used. The paper adopts speech act theory of J. L. Austin which was later developed by J. R. Searle. The data for the study were analysed based on speech act theory. Components of directive speech act such as commands and questions are used extensively in the text while those like requests, advice, directives and warnings are used insignificantly; constituents of representative speech act, namely, statements and reports run throughout the text; elements of expressive speech act such as complaints and appreciations are found in the text; declaration speech acts, and constituent of commissive speech act such as promise are used scantly in the text. The study concludes that speech act theory is the most appropriate instrument for handling civil conflict.
Acute Liver Failure in Postpartum Period&mdash;A Rare Complication of Dengue Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sapre Shilpa , Upadhyay Henil , Parikh Charmy 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTAimSuccessful management of acute liver failure in a case of dengue infection in postpartum patient by a multidisciplinary approach.BackgroundDengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the bite ofAedes aegyptimosquito. It is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Symptomatology of dengue ranges from mild self-limiting illness to fulminant liver failure. Hepatic dysfunction is a known complication in dengue fever that ranges from mild to moderate elevation of serum transaminases to catastrophic fulminant liver failure. Acute liver failure is a rare complication of dengue infection with high mortality rate.Case descriptionWe report here a case of 19-year-old female who was referred to our center for management of primary postpartum hemorrhage with acute febrile illness. Laboratory investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and positive dengue NS1 antigen test. The patient was managed in the critical care unit for pulmonary edema, acute kidney injury, and deranged coagulation profile secondary to hepatic dysfunction. Postpartum hemorrhage was another challenge tackled conservatively. The spectrum of liver involvement varied from a modest rise in transaminases in the early phase and culminating finally in acute hepatic failure by the end of 2 weeks. Multiple blood and blood products were transfused during her 1 month stay in intensive care. There was no perinatal transmission. A multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, intensivists, and gastroenterologists resulted in successful recovery of the patient from acute liver failure.ConclusionClinicians should have a high index of suspicion for dengue fever in endemic areas in a case of acute febrile illness with/without the classical signs and symptoms of dengue fever. Pregnancy poses a special challenge for the obstetrician as delivery during this period can have devastating complications. A multidisciplinary approach with cautious fluid management is advisable in patients with severe dengue infection. Postpartum hemorrhage can be one of the life-threatening complications due to thrombocytopenia and deranged coagulation profile. Acute liver failure is a rare complication but can develop in patients with severe hepatitis.Clinical significanceDengue infection in pregnancy can mimic other causes of thrombocytopenia like HELLP syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, and gestational thrombocytopenia; hence, a detailed evaluation is warranted in pregnant women presenting with acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia. Liver involvement in dengue infection can have devastating consequences leading to severe hepatitis and acute liver failure.How to cite this articleSapre S, Upadhyay H, Parikh C. Acute Liver Failure in Postpartum Period—A Rare Complication of Dengue Infection: A Case Report. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(5):317–319.
A Case of Cystic Struma Ovarii: A Rare Ovarian Tumor
Authors: Goswami Alaka , Gautam Himleena , Kathar Kamal , Goswami Papari 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundStruma ovarii is a rare ovarian neoplasm, which contains thyroid tissue. It accounts for less than 5% of ovarian teratomas. These are mostly benign, occurring between 40 years and 60 years of age. Clinical and radiological features are inconclusive and mostly it is diagnosed by histopathology. About 5–8% cases have hyperthyroidism. Cystic struma ovarii is very rare with only 25 cases reported till now. It creates confusion in diagnosis, as even in histopathology, the cells are mostly like those resembling other cystic ovarian tumors with minimal thyroid follicles.Case descriptionA 20-year-old girl came with complaints of abdominal discomfort and difficulty in squatting and lying supine. Clinically, a 28-week-size cystic tumor was palpated. Ultrasound showed features of a cystic benign tumor. Tumor markers were normal. Laparoscopic cystectomy was done. Histopathology showed cystic struma ovarii. At 6-month follow-up, the patient has been doing well.ConclusionCystic struma ovarii is a rare diagnosis. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological features do not help. A careful and keen pathological examination is necessary so that thyroid follicles are not left while viewing. There is no clear consensus on follow-up of these patients, but benign tumors usually do not need extensive follow-up.Clinical significanceIt is a rare tumor and a good histopathological diagnosis is needed. Cystic tumors should be carefully examined. A proper correlation between clinical, biochemical, radiological, intraoperative, and histopathological findings may help us to consider this diagnosis when we get similar cases.How to cite this articleGautam H, Kathar K, Goswami P,et al. A Case of Cystic Struma Ovarii: A Rare Ovarian Tumor. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2020;12(5):320–322.