bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and rumen morphometrics of Nellore and ½ Angus/Nellore feedlot cattle adapted over 9 and 14 days to high‐concentrate diets
Authors: Watanabe Daniel Hideki Mariano , Bertoldi Gustavo Perina , dos Santos Anderson Augusto , da Silva Filho Wilson Inacio , de Oliveira Lucas Felipe Rebeschini , Pinto Ana Carolina Janssen , Ceola Stefano Pereira Murillo , Estevam Daniela Dutra , Squizatti Mariana Martins , Pinheiro Rafael Silvio Bonilha , Millen Danilo Domingues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adapting Nellore and ½ Angus/Nellore (AN) feedlot cattle over periods of 9 and 14 days to high‐concentrate diets on performance, feeding behaviour, carcass traits and rumen morphometrics. Seventy‐two yearling bulls (313.5 kg ± 24.5), 36 Nellore and 36 AN, were randomly allocated in 24 pens (3 animals/pen; 24 m2 and 2.0 m of bunk space/animal) according to a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follows: Nellore adapted for 9 days, Nellore adapted for 14 days, AN adapted for 9 days, and AN adapted for 14 days. Each treatment was composed by 6 pens (considered the experimental unit in this study). The adaptation lasted either 9 or 14 days and consisted of 3 step‐up diets. Therefore, yearling bulls received the finishing diet containing 86% concentrate either on day 10 or 15 of the study, which lasted 89 days taking into account adaptation and finishing periods. Cattle were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir, and two 1‐cm2‐rumen fragments, one from cranial and another from ventral sac, were collected. The AN cattle outperformed Nellore in terms of average daily gain (1.71 kg/day vs. 1.27 kg/day, p < 0.01), gain:feed ratio (0.137 kg/kg vs. 0.127 kg/kg, p = 0.02) and hot carcass weight (243.64 kg vs. 228.98 kg, p < 0.01). No main effect of the adaptation period was observed for any of the feedlot performance and carcass traits variables evaluated. Compared to feedlot cattle adapted for 9 days, feedlot cattle adapted for 14 days sorted against long (0.68 vs. 0.91, p < 0.01) and for fine particles (1.04 vs. 1.00, p = 0.01). An interaction (p < 0.01) of genotype and adaptation period was observed for rumenitis, where Nellore bulls adapted for 14 days presented the highest scores. In conclusion, there was no evidence that either Nellore or AN cattle benefit from an adaptation period shorter than 14 days.
Impact of a revised postoperative care plan on pain and recovery trajectory following pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Lagrange Claudia , Jepp Catherine , Slevin Lliana , Drake‐Brockman Thomas F. E. , Bumbak Paul , Herbert Haley , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. , Sommerfield David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA previous cohort of adenotonsillectomy patients at our institution demonstrated moderate‐severe post‐tonsillectomy pain scores lasting a median (range) duration of 6 (0–23) days and postdischarge nausea and vomiting affecting 8% of children on day 1 following surgery. In this subsequent cohort, we evaluate the impact of changes to our discharge medication and parental education on post‐tonsillectomy pain and recovery profile.MethodsIn this follow‐on, prospective observational cohort study, all patients undergoing tonsillectomy at our institution during the study period were discharged with standardized analgesia. Parents received a revised education package and a medication diary which were not provided to the previous cohort. Pain scores, rates of nausea and vomiting, medication usage and unplanned representation rates were collected by telephone from parents.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were recruited. Moderate‐severe pain lasted a median (range) of 5 (0–12) days. Twenty‐nine (42%) had pain scores ≥4/10 beyond postoperative day 7. By postoperative day 5, only 37 (53%) parents continued to administer regular analgesia. The median number of oxycodone doses used was 5 (0–22), and only 28 (41%) parents had disposed of leftover oxycodone within 1 month of surgery. Twenty‐four (35%) patients experienced nausea or vomiting postdischarge. The median (range) time for return to normal activities was 6 (0–14) days. Thirty‐two/sixty‐nine (46%) patients had unplanned medical representations. Most occurred between postoperative day 5 and 7. Pain contributed to 16 (35%) representations.ConclusionsDespite extensive changes to our discharge protocols parents continued to report a prolonged period of pain, post operative nausea and vomiting, and behavioral changes. Further work is required to examine barriers to compliance with simple analgesia and education in appropriate methods of opioid disposal.
Gel‐permeation chromatography–enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method for systematic mass distribution profiling of plant cell wall matrix polysaccharides
Authors: Sathitnaitham Sukhita , Suttangkakul Anongpat , Wonnapinij Passorn , McQueen‐Mason Simon J. , Vuttipongchaikij Supachai 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARYCell walls are dynamic and multi‐component materials that play important roles in many areas of plant biology. The composition and interactions of the structural elements give rise to material properties, which are modulated by the activity of wall‐related enzymes. Studies of the genes and enzymes that determine wall composition and function have made great progress, but rarely take account of potential compensatory changes in wall polymers that may accompany and accommodate changes in other components, particularly for specific polysaccharides. Here, we present a method that allows the simultaneous examination of the mass distributions and quantities of specific cell wall matrix components, allowing insight into direct and indirect consequences of cell wall manipulations. The method employs gel‐permeation chromatography fractionation of cell wall polymers followed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to identify polymer types. We demonstrate the potential of this method using glycan‐directed monoclonal antibodies to detect epitopes representing xyloglucans, heteromannans, glucuronoxylans, homogalacturonans (HGs) and methyl‐esterified HGs. The method was used to explore compositional diversity in different Arabidopsis organs and to examine the impacts of changing wall composition in a number of previously characterized cell wall mutants. As demonstrated in this article, this methodology allows a much deeper understanding of wall composition, its dynamism and plasticity to be obtained, furthering our knowledge of cell wall biology.
Transition from a passive to active continental margin setting for the NE Asian continental margin during the Mesozoic: Insights from the sedimentary formations and paleogeography of the eastern Jiamusi Massif, NE China
Authors: Wang Yini , Xu Wenliang , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the NE Asian continental margin has received much attention in recent years. However, previous studies focused mainly on the petrogenesis of igneous rocks and their relationship with Mesozoic tectonics, and there have been few studies of the Mesozoic sedimentary formations of the NE Asian continental margin. We combined zircon U-Pb ages with Hf isotopic and biostratigraphic data to reconstruct the Mesozoic paleogeography of the NE Asian continental margin. The results indicate that Mesozoic strata of the eastern Jiamusi Massif, NE China, include the Upper Triassic Nanshuangyashan Formation (Norian), Lower Jurassic volcanic rocks, and Lower Cretaceous Longzhaogou Group. The Upper Triassic Nanshuangyashan Formation consists of a suite of alternating marine and terrestrial sedimentary rocks with abundant fossils that formed in a passive continental margin setting. The Lower Jurassic strata comprise a suite of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks that include basaltic andesites, andesites, and rhyolites that formed in an active continental margin setting related to initial subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia. The Lower Cretaceous Longzhaogou Group belong to alternating marine and terrestrial sedimentary formations that formed in an active continental margin setting related to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Here, we integrate these data to reconstruct the Mesozoic tectonic history of the NE Asian continental margin, which comprises a Late Triassic passive continental margin, the initiation of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate in the Early Jurassic, and westward subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate in the Early Cretaceous.
Total body water in full-term and preterm newborns: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Young Aneurin , Brown Lisa K , Ennis Sarah , Beattie R Mark , Johnson Mark John 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTotal body water (TBW) is one component of fat-free mass and changes in TBW are influenced by fluid shifts (especially during transition to postnatal life), electrolyte balance and nutritional status. Normal values for term-born neonates and preterm infants at birth have not been defined in large cohorts, limiting investigation into its monitoring and use in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence base for percentage of TBW in term-born infants, quantify the effect of prematurity on TBW at birth, and describe normal progression of TBW over time in preterm infants.MethodsSystematic review of Medline, Web of Science Core Collection and EBSCO-CINAHL (January 1946 to January 2020). Included articles used dilutional methods to assess TBW.ResultsSearches identified 2349 articles of which 22 included data suitable for analysis. Mean TBW in term-born newborns was 73.8% (95% CI 72.47% to 75.06%, 15 studies, 433 infants). Meta-regression showed that TBW was higher in preterm infants (up to 90% at 26 weeks gestation, dropping to 75% at 36 weeks corrected gestation) and was negatively correlated with gestation at birth, falling 1.44% per week (95% CI 0.63% to 2.24%, 9 studies, 179 infants). Analysis of TBW over time during the ex utero growth of preterm infants was not possible due to paucity of data.ConclusionThis review defines the normal TBW percentage in term-born infants and confirms and quantifies previous findings that preterm infants have a higher TBW percentage.
The impact of care environment on the mental health of orphaned, separated and street-connected children and adolescents in western Kenya: a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Omari Felicita , Chrysanthopoulou Stavroula A , Embleton Lonnie E , Atwoli Lukoye , Ayuku David O , Sang Edwin , Braitstein Paula 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionThe effect of care environment on orphaned and separated children and adolescents’ (OSCA) mental health is not well characterised in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the risk of incident post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and suicidality among OSCA living in Charitable Children’s Institutions (CCIs), family-based care (FBC) and street-connected children and youth (SCY).MethodsThis prospective cohort followed up OSCA from 300 randomly selected households (FBC), 19 CCIs and 100 SCY in western Kenya from 2009 to 2019. Annual data were collected through standardised assessments. We fit survival regression models to investigate the association between care environment and mental health diagnoses.ResultsThe analysis included 1931 participants: 1069 in FBC, 783 in CCIs and 79 SCY. At baseline, 1004 participants (52%) were male with a mean age (SD) of 13 years (2.37); 54% were double orphans. In adjusted analysis (adjusted HR, AHR), OSCA in CCIs were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with PTSD (AHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.97), depression (AHR 0.48 95% CI 0.24 to 0.97), anxiety (AHR 0.56, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.68) and suicidality (AHR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95) compared with those in FBC. SCY were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD (AHR 4.52, 95% CI 4.10 to 4.97), depression (AHR 4.72, 95% CI 3.12 to 7.15), anxiety (AHR 4.71, 95% CI 1.56 to 14.26) and suicidality (AHR 3.10, 95% CI 2.14 to 4.48) compared with those in FBC.ConclusionOSCA living in CCIs in this setting were significantly less likely to have incident mental illness, while SCY were significantly more, compared with OSCA in FBC.
Utility of preinduction tests as predictors of attrition in infantry recruits: a prospective study
Authors: Fleischmann Chen , Yanovich R , Milgrom C , Eliyahu U , Gez H , Heled Y , Finestone A S 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionInfantry recruit attrition wastes resources and can affect combat readiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of preinduction tests as a predictor of attrition among conscripts in the first year of infantry training.Methods303 infantry conscripted recruits participated in a prospective study. Before their service, recruits received health profile and Quality Group Scores (QGSs). Recruits were screened at induction using questionnaires, by functional movement screening (FMS) and by upper and lower quarter Y-balance, dynamic and anthropometric tests. They were followed for musculoskeletal injuries and attrition during the first year of training.Results165/303 (54.5%) recruits were diagnosed with musculoskeletal injury or pain during the first year of their training. 15.2% did not complete their first year of service as combatants and 5.9% were discharged. On multivariable binary stepwise logistic regression analysis for attrition, protective factors were higher QGSs (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.89) and recruits diagnosed with musculoskeletal injuries or pain (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.48). Pain in the balance test performed at the beginning of training was a risk factor (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.44 to 7.61). These factors explained only 15.4% of the variance in attrition.ConclusionsFMS was not a significant predictor of infantry attrition. Measuring the three variables found to be associated with infantry attrition would seem to be valuable when the number of infantry candidates greatly exceeds the number of infantry positions. Transferring infantry attriters to non-combatant roles and not discharging them is a way to manage the problem of attrition.
Diagnostic performance of mid-upper arm circumference to identify overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sisay Binyam Girma , Hassen Hamid Yimam , Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionMid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) has been suggested as an alternative screening tool to identify overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Several studies have examined the diagnostic performance of MUAC to identify overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. However, the existing literature shows a considerable variability in measures of diagnostic performance and hence makes it difficult to direct clinical and public health practice. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence on the performance of MUAC to identify overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods and analysisA systematic search of databases including PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO will be conducted. The search will cover all studies until 1 April 2021. Grey literature will also be retrieved from Google Scholar. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool will be used to assess the risk of bias and clinical applicability of each study. To assess possible publication bias, we will use Deeks’ funnel plot. We will investigate the sources of heterogeneity by visual inspection of the paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic plots. The pooled summary statistics for the area under the curve, sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic ORs with 95% CI will be reported.Ethics and disseminationThe underlying study is based on published articles thus does not require ethical approval. The findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated in different scientific conferences and seminars.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020183148.
A cross-sectional study of the association of age, gender, education and economic status with individual perceptions of governmental response to COVID-19
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V , Palayew Adam , Rabin Kenneth , Wyka Katarzyna , Hajo Sonia , Ratzan Scott , Fielding Jonathan , El-Mohandes Ayman 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveWe assessed the impact of key population variables (age, gender, income and education) on perceptions of governmental effectiveness in communicating about COVID-19, helping meet needs for food and shelter, providing physical and mental healthcare services, and allocating dedicated resources to vulnerable populations.DesignCross-sectional study carried out in June 2020.Participants and setting13 426 individuals from 19 countries.ResultsMore than 60% of all respondents felt their government had communicated adequately during the pandemic. National variances ranged from 83.4% in China down to 37.2% in Brazil, but overall, males and those with a higher income were more likely to rate government communications highly. Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents felt their government had ensured adequate access to physical health services (ranging from 89.3% for Singapore to 27.2% for Poland), with higher ratings reported by younger and higher-income respondents. Ratings of mental health support were lower overall (32.9%, ranging from 74.8% in China to around 15% in Brazil and Sweden), but highest among younger respondents. Providing support for basic necessities of food and housing was rated highest overall in China (79%) and lowest in Ecuador (14.6%), with higher ratings reported by younger, higher-income and better-educated respondents across all countries. The same three demographic groups tended to rate their country’s support to vulnerable groups more highly than other respondents, with national scores ranging from around 75% (Singapore and China) to 19.5% (Sweden). Subgroup findings are mostly independent of intercountry variations with 15% of variation being due to intercountry differences.ConclusionsThe tendency of younger, better-paid and better-educated respondents to rate their country’s response to the pandemic more highly, suggests that government responses must be nuanced and pay greater attention to the needs of less-advantaged citizens as they continue to address this pandemic.
Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer
Authors: Zorzi Manuel , Battagello Jessica , Selby Kevin , Capodaglio Giulia , Baracco Susanna , Rizzato Silvia , Chinellato Enrico , Guzzinati Stefano , Rugge Massimo 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.ResultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50–59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50–59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population.
Long-term safety of infants from mothers with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir disoproxil in China
Authors: Pan Calvin Q. , Dai Erhei , Duan Zhongping , Han Guorong , Zhao Wenjing , Wang Yuming , Zhang Huaihong , Zhu Baoshen , Jiang Hongxiu , Zhang Shuqin , Zhang Xiaohu , Zou Huaibin , Chen Xiuli , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe physical and neuromental development of infants remains uncertain after fetal exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. We aimed to investigate the safety of TDF therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy.DesignInfants from a previous randomised controlled trial were recruited for our long-term follow-up (LTFU) study. Mothers with chronic hepatitis B were randomised to receive TDF therapy or no treatment during the third trimester. Infants’ physical growth or malformation, bone mineral density (BMD) and neurodevelopment, as assessed using Bayley-III assessment, were examined at 192 weeks of age.ResultsOf 180 eligible infants, 176/180 (98%) were enrolled and 145/176 (82%) completed the LTFU (control group: 75; TDF-treated group: 70). In the TDF-treated group, the mean duration of fetal exposure to TDF was 8.57±0.53 weeks. Congenital malformation rates were similar between the two groups at week 192. The mean body weight of boys in the control and TDF-treated groups was significantly higher (19.84±3.46 kg vs. 18.47±2.34 kg; p=0.03) and within the normal range (18.48±2.35 kg vs. 17.80±2.50 kg; p=0.07), respectively, when compared with the national standard. Other prespecified outcomes (head circumference, height, BMD, and cognitive, motor, social–emotional, and adaptive behaviour measurements) were all comparable between the groups.ConclusionInfants with fetal exposure to TDF had normal physical growth, BMD and neurodevelopment at week 192. Our findings provide evidence on the long-term safety of infants after fetal exposure to maternal TDF therapy for preventing hepatitis B transmission.Trial registration numberNCT01488526.