bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source rock characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential in Brunei-Muara district, Brunei Darussalam: a comparative case study from selected Miocene-Quaternary formations
Authors: Osli Liyana Nadiah , Shalaby Mohamed Ragab , Islam Md. Aminul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA comparative analysis on source rock properties has been carried out on the Miocene-Pliocene formations as well as the Quaternary terrace deposits using Rock–Eval pyrolysis results and organic petrography as well as some biomarkers results. Samples were obtained from outcrops of the Quaternary terrace deposits, Pliocene-aged Liang Formation together with the Miocene Miri and Setap Shale formations in Brunei-Muara district, with sample lithologies ranging from coal, coaly shale, shale and lignitic sand. High total organic carbon (TOC) and S2 values ranging from 41.8 to 62.4% and 7.40 mg HC/g rock to 122 mg HC/g rock, respectively, are identified in coals of the terrace deposit, Liang and Miri formations, making these as the best potential source rock due to the “good to excellent” generating potential. Meanwhile, a “fair to poor” potential is exhibited for the coaly shale, shale and lignitic sand samples as a result of their low TOC, HI and S2 values. The organic matter is composed of kerogen type III (gas prone) and type II-III (mixed oil and gas prone). Organic matter in all studied formations originate from a terrestrial-source, as proven by the abundance of huminite. Organic petrographical and biomarkers studies suggest that the coals and lignitic sand samples were deposited in a mangrove-type mire in a lower delta setting, under oxic and limnic to limnotelmatic conditions, except sample DD2-1, which is deposited in a less water-saturated environment. The samples display the presence of bi-modal and normal distribution of n-alkanes. For all of the samples, the dominating plant types in the palaeomire are of soft, herbaceous plants and this is supported by the low vegetation index and moderate Paq values. All the studied samples are thermally immature to early mature, as exhibited by the Tmax values that range from 300 to 437 °C and vitrinite reflectance readings of 0.22% to 0.46%.
Study on the practice of downhole dewaxing by in situ generated heat
Authors: Mao Xinyu , Li Nianyin , Chen Fei , Kang Jia , Guo Qian , Han Peihong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn situ heat systems are a technology that effectively solves paraffin deposition and improves oil recovery. Generally, the oxidation–reduction reaction of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride generates a large amount of heat to promote the melting of paraffin. An in situ heat system combined with an acid-resistant fracturing fluid system can form an in situ heat fracturing fluid system, which solves the problem of the poor reformation effect caused by cold damage during the fracturing process of low-pressure and high-pour-point oil reservoirs. In this paper, with the goals of system heating up to 50 °C, a low H+ concentration, a high exotherm, and reduction of the toxic and harmful by-product NOX, the preferred in situ heat system was found to comprise 1.6 mol/L ammonium chloride, 1.0 mol/L sodium nitrite, and 0.8% hydrochloric acid. The effect of five factors on the heat production of the reaction was studied experimentally, and a reaction kinetic equation for the in situ heat system was proposed based on the results. The results showed that increasing the concentration of the reactants and lowering the ambient temperature produced more heat. The in situ heat system was used to conduct a crude oil cold damage elimination experiment, and the results of the removal experiments verified that the system could effectively but not completely reduce the cold damage. Overall, the in situ heat fracturing fluid system formed by the preferred in situ heat system combined with an acid-resistant fracturing fluid system could avoid cold damage in the formation during construction and increase the output.
Cement bond evaluation using well logs: A case study in Raniganj Block Durgapur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Saini Prashant , Kumar Harinandan , Gaur Tarun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCement bond logs (CBL) and variable density log (VDL) are one of the vital logging techniques used to evaluate cement-casing-formation bonds before the well testing or execution of the production operation in the well. These logs are also crucial during the workover operation to maintain the integrity of the well. The logging techniques provide a clear view of the quality of cement bonds with casing and formation. The microannulus and other deviations in bonding between the cement and the casing or formation are recorded using this technique. Therefore, this technique is used by the regulatory authorities worldwide for the determination of the cement bond with casing and formation. In this paper, the CBL/VDL logging technique was used to determine the bonding between cement and casing and cement and formation at two different CBM wells from 850 to 1600 m depths in the Raniganj block of Durgapur, West Bengal. Two well, namely, A and B, were analyzed to determine the cement-casing-formation bonds in the study area's coal seam zone. The analysis was carried out at normal and pressure pass to investigate the integrity of the well using the CBL/VDL data. The normal and pressure pass in well A indicated the presence of microannulus in the bonding between cement and casing/formation in the coal seam zone. The corresponding analysis of well B showed poor cement and formation bond at the coal seam zone during the normal pass but good bonding after the pressure pass. Thus, it was observed that the CBL/VDL data were capable of determining the cement-casing-formation bonds in both the well of the study area and the well's integrity.
A review of the various treatments of oil-based drilling fluids filter cakes
Authors: Siddig Osama , Mahmoud Ahmed Abdulhamid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTreatment of the filter cake layer after drilling is essential for better cement integrity and to retain the original reservoir permeability. Compared to water-based filter cake, oil-based mud filter cake removal is more sophisticated as oil encloses the filter cake’s particles. Therefore, oil-based mud clean-up requires wettability alteration additives (mutual solvents and/or surfactants) for permitting acid/filter cake reaction. With an appropriate acid, microemulsions were reported to be very efficient in cleaning oil-based filter cakes, due to their low interfacial tension and high acid solubility. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the different techniques and treatment solutions utilized in oil-based filter cake clean-up. Furthermore, a synopsis of the various treatments for drilling fluids densified with different weighting materials is presented. Subsequently, the research limitations and opportunities have been highlighted for future work. In the light of the review that has been presented in this paper, it's recommended to conduct further investigation on some areas related to filter cake removal. The removal of filter cake formed from weighting materials other than barite, calcium carbonate, ilmenite, and manganese tetroxide needs to be investigated thoroughly. Additionally, the overall efficiency of oil-based mud removal needs to be studied under wide ranges of temperature, salinity, and pH. The utilization of surfactant-free microemulsions in filter cake treatment could also be investigated.
Four Generations in Data Engineering for Data Science
Authors: Klettke Meike , Störl Uta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractData-driven methods and data science are important scientific methods in many research fields. All data science approaches require professional data engineering components. At the moment, computer science experts are needed for solving these data engineering tasks. Simultaneously, scientists from many fields (like natural sciences, medicine, environmental sciences, and engineering) want to analyse their data autonomously. The arising task for data engineering is the development of tools that can support an automated data curation and are utilisable for domain experts. In this article, we will introduce four generations of data engineering approaches classifying the data engineering technologies of the past and presence. We will show which data engineering tools are needed for the scientific landscape of the next decade.
Glycosidic flavonoids and their potential applications in cancer research: a review
Authors: Abusaliya Abuyaseer , Ha Sang Eun , Bhosale Pritam Bhagwan , Kim Hun Hwan , Park Min Yeong , Vetrivel Preethi , Kim Gon Sup 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurpose of reviewEvery year, the cancer patient registry increases, and the leading cause of death in a global context. Plant-based molecules are gaining attention in cancer research due to the side effects of chemotherapy. A glycosidic derivative of flavonoid (GDF) plays a significant role in cancer proliferation mechanisms. GDF inhibits cell proliferation by elevating the expression of apoptotic proteins, altering the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB), and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in cancer cells.Recent findingsReported studies on the flavonoids orientin, vitexin, prunetionoside, chrysin, and scutellarein increased attention and are being widely investigated for their potential role in different parts of cancer research. Prunetionoside is a flavonoid with high cytotoxic potential and capable of inducing necroptosis in AGS gastric cancer cells. Similarly, scutellarein is a flavonol, induces an extrinsic apoptotic pathway and downregulates the expression level of cyclin proteins in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Vitexin is reported to be capable of deregulating the expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-PI3K in A549 lung cancer cells. Orientin inhibits IL-8 expression and invasion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by suppressing MMP-9 in the presence of TPA via STAT3/AP-1/ERK/PKCα-mediated signaling pathways. It also induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HT29 colon cancer cells. Chrysin is a flavonoid present in honey that has been shown to play an important role in cervical and colon cancer by suppressing the AKT/mTOR/PI3K pathway and increasing ROS accumulation, LDH leakage, respectively.
Users’ experiences of enhancing underwater images: an empirical study
Authors: Emberton Simon , Simons Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWithin the worldwide diving community, underwater photography is becoming increasingly popular. However, the marine environment presents certain challenges for image capture, with resulting imagery often suffering from colour distortions, low contrast and blurring. As a result, image enhancement software is used not only to enhance the imagery aesthetically, but also to address these degradations. Although feature-rich image enhancement software products are available, little is known about the user experience of underwater photographers when interacting with such tools. To address this gap, we conducted an online questionnaire to better understand what software tools are being used, and face-to-face interviews to investigate the characteristics of the image enhancement user experience for underwater photographers. We analysed the interview transcripts using the pragmatic and hedonic categories from the frameworks of Hassenzahl (Funology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 31–42, 2003; Funology 2, Springer, pp 301–313, 2018) for positive and negative user experience. Our results reveal a moderately negative experience overall for both pragmatic and hedonic categories. We draw some insights from the findings and make recommendations for improving the user experience for underwater photographers using image enhancement tools.
The Osteocutaneous Pedicle Forearm Flap
Authors: MATEV IVAN 
Published: December 2021

Two patients treated by an osteocutaneous radial island flap with retrograde blood flow are described. Rotation of the flap and its distal vascular pedicle by nearly 180 degrees caused no impairment of the arterial flow, but it may interfere with the venous return through the radial veins, as observed in one of our cases. Therefore, it is safer to include in the skin flap an additional vein, suturing it to a superficial vein in the recipient zone, thus ensuring normal venous flow to the flap as well. The purpose of this paper is to present two patients treated by the use of an osteocutaneous radial artery forearm flap.
The Occult Dorsal Carpal Ganglion
Authors: SANDERS W. E. 
Published: December 2021

Chronic wrist pain has many causes, the diagnosis of which is often difficult. Clinical and anatomical research in this area has replaced the diagnosis of “wrist sprain” with a differential diagnosis including carpal chondromalacia, dynamic carpal instability, positive and negative ulnar variance, triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries, and early carpal avascular necrosis. The ubiquitous dorsal ganglion can also cause chronic wrist discomfort and the diagnosis of “occult dorsal carpal ganglion” should be included in the differential diagnosis. Nine patients with chronic wrist pain were diagnosed clinically as having an occult dorsal carpal ganglion despite the absence of a palpable mass. Each was treated by limited dorsal capsulectomy with excision of a small portion of the dorsal scapho-lunate ligament, and small intracapsular ganglia and/or cystic mucinous degeneration of the capsule were found in all nine patients. Of the eight patients available for follow-up examination, the preoperative pain was relieved in seven of the eight and no recurrences were noted at follow-up averaging six months.
Fibrin/Fibrinogen and Fibrinolytic Activity of the Palmar Fascia in Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: MERLO G. , AMBROGGIO G. P. , CASTAGNA B. , MOSCA A. , OBERTO E. 
Published: December 2021

Considering the proved interaction of fibrin with fibroblasts and the seemingly decisive role of structural and functional changes (“modulation”) of these cells in the evolution of Dupuytren’s contracture, research has been carried out in order to investigate the fibrinolytic capacity and the possible presence of fibrin/fibrinogen in the palmar fascia of subjects operated upon for Dupuytren’s Disease. Fibrin/fibrinogen were detected by a direct immunofluorescence technique and fibrinolytic activity was assessed by a fibrin plate method. A remarkable decrease of fibrinolytic activity and the presence of fibrin/fibrinogen were observed in small nodules in the early stage of disease, whereas large nodules showed a high amount of plasminogen activator enzymes. Small nodules seem to form and increase by progressive adhesion of fibroblasts to the polymerizing fibrin, while high fibrinolytic activity of large nodules probably results from “modulation” of many fibroblasts into contractile myofibroblasts and could therefore be considered as a biochemical sign of the evolutionary phase of Dupuytren’s contracture.
Regional Bone Mineral Density Changes after Colles’ and Forehand Fractures
Authors: FINSEN V. , BENUM P. 
Published: December 2021

Patients who sustain a second Colles’ fracture only in one of five instances refracture the previously injured wrist. In those who have sustained fractures of the metacarpals or phalanges of the hand (forehand) subsequent fractures of the forehand are twice as likely to be ipsilateral. We investigated whether persisting regional bone mineral changes could be the mechanism underlying these observations. Bilateral bone mineral density measurements were performed on twenty patients who had sustained a Colles’ fracture and twenty-nine who had sustained forehand fractures more than one year previously. Among Colles’ fracture patients there was an increase in bone mineral density in the distal radius of the fractured side when compared to the uninjured side of thirty-nine percent. The protection of these patients from subsequent ipsilateral Colles’ fracture seems to be due to increased bone strength induced by the healing process. Among patients with forehand fractures no significant bone mineral changes could be demonstrated.
Soft-Tissue Interposition as a Possible Cause of Scaphoid Non-Union
Authors: WILTON T. J. 
Published: December 2021

Two cases of dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation are reported, in which the fracture was found, at operation, to contain interposed ligament. It is recommended that such fractures be explored unless perfectly reduced, and that percutaneous pinning of the reduced fracture may be inadequate treatment.
Anatomical Relations in the Carpal Tunnel: A Computed Tomographic Study
Authors: JESSURUN W. , HILLEN B. , ZONNEVELD F. , HUFFSTADT A. J. C. , BEKS J. W. F. , OVERBEEK W. 
Published: December 2021

Computed tomography of the carpal tunnel was performed in the hands of both patients and controls in a neutral position, in flexion and in extension. The median nerve was not compressed between the long flexors and the flexor retinaculum in either flexion or extension of the wrist. In flexion, the nerve usually moved dorsally, away from the flexor retinaculum. No difference could be found between the cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel between patients and controls.
Tendon Implantation into Bone: An Experimental Study
Authors: JONES J. R. , SMIBERT J. G. , MCCULLOUGH C. J. , PRICE A. B. , HUTTON W.C. 
Published: December 2021

We report the results of an experimental study to investigate the mechanical properties and histological structure of the tendon-bone junction following surgical implantation of tendon into bone in the rabbit. The results following tendon transfer and tendon grafting were compared. The normal four-zone tendon junction was not reproduced histologically, in either group, After 20 weeks, the mechanical strength of the tendon transfers had reached 60% of the controls and that of the tendon grafts 20% of the controls. Microangiography demonstrated that these differences were not related to the vascularisation of the tendon bone juction. The mechanical properties of the tendon-bone junction may be dependent more on the functional state of the implanted tendon than on its structure.
Ray Centralization without Bone Fixation for Amputation of the Middle Finger
Authors: ISELIN F. , PEZE W. 
Published: December 2021

Twelve patients requiring amputation of the middle finger have undergone resection of the entire ray, including a wedge from the capitate, and soft-tissue approximation of the index to the ring finger to close the gap. All regained full movement and a satisfactory appearance of the hand.
The Small AO External Fixator in the Treament of Unstable Distal Forearm Fractures
Authors: PRINCE HEATHER , WORLOCK P. 
Published: December 2021

Sixteen patients with severely comminuted displaced fractures of the distal radius and ulna, who were treated with a small AO external fixator, have been reviewed at an average of 2.2 years after injury. Removal of the fixator, at an average of 4.9 weeks, was followed by significant alteration in position in some cases. The external fixator should be retained for eight weeks to reduce the risk of loss of position. In those cases with a good or excellent anatomical result on radiological assessment after removal of the fixator, the functional results were good or excellent in 80%.
Early Psychological Aspects of Severe Hand Injury
Authors: GRUNERT B. K. , SMITH CINDY J. , DEVINE CECILIA A. , FEHRING BONNIE A. , MATLOUB H. S. , SANGER J. R. , YOUSIF N. J. 
Published: December 2021

We investigated the incidence and nature of psychological symptoms occurring during the first two months after severe hand injuries. 94% of patients had significant symptoms at some point early in rehabilitation, including nightmares (92%), flashbacks (88%), affective lability (84%), preoccupation with phantom limb sensations (13%), concentration/attention problems (12%), cosmetic concerns (10%), fear of death (5%), and denial of amputation (3%). Two months later, flashbacks (63%) remained pronounced. Nightmares (13%), affective lability (48%), concentration/attention problems (5%), fear of death (0%), and denial of amputation (0%) declined markedly, while cosmetic concerns (17%) and preoccupation with phantom limb sensations (17%) increased. Based on these findings, we believe that psychological treatment should often be given as part of the rehabilitation process.
Transmetacarpal Amputations and Replantation: The Importance of the Normal Vascular Anatomy
Authors: TONKIN M. A. , AMES E. L. , WOLFF T. W. , LARSEN R. D. 
Published: December 2021

Three transmetacarpal injuries are described in which the patency of one common digital vessel alone provided blood flow to all fingers. Transverse commissural vessels connect the digital vessels proximal to the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Retrograde flow to the adjacent common digital vessels revascularises the other digits. The volar metacarpal vessels, if not ligated, may allow continued bleeding into the palm following reattachment of a transmetacarpal amputation. These vessels may have been responsible for failure of the replantation in one case.
Psychological Aspects of Hand Injuries their Treatment and Rehabilitation
Authors: HAESE JULIA B. 
Published: December 2021

Psychological factors related to the treatment and rehabilitation of hand-injured patients were identified by interviewing of thirty patients under treatment. Findings were compared with those reported in the literature. Concern for inactivity, desire to return to work, and effort toward recovery were identified as significantly common factors; pain and fear of disfigurement were not. Patients perceived themselves as making the greatest effort toward recovery but not that this was the most important factor in the recovery process. Responsibility varied significantly among the early, middle, and final phases of treatment. The results of the investigation were discussed in relation to hand-rehabilitation and implications for counselling and occupational therapy.
Clinical Fracture of the Carpal Scaphoid— An Illusionary Diagnosis
Authors: DUNCAN D. S. , THURSTON A. J. 
Published: December 2021

The management of patients with clinical evidence of a fracture of the carpal scaphoid bone but without radiological evidence of a fracture is based on dogma emphasizing the need to immobilize the wrist in all cases. Because of the apparently high proportion of patients who spend up to six weeks in a plaster cast and in whom no fracture is ever demonstrated radiologically, a study was undertaken to determine the fate of those wrist injuries diagnosed as clinical fractures of the scaphoid. All patients who presented with clinical or radiological evidence of fractures of the scaphoid over a one year period were reviewed. Of the 108 patients in whom the diagnosis of clinical fracture of the scaphoid was made at the time of presentation none was proved radiologically to have a fracture of the scaphoid subsequently after a period of mobilization. These patients spent an average time of 21.9 days in a plaster cast which represents a significant loss of productivity to the community and inconvenience to the patient.
Isolated Dislocation of Carpal Scaphoid
Authors: AMAMILO S. C. , UPPAL R. , SAMUEL A. W. 
Published: December 2021

The functional role of the scaphoid in stabilising the wrist joint is discussed and the literature on scaphoid dislocations reviewed. A case of isolated dislocation of the scaphoid has been presented with the salient diagnostic features and preferred line of management which includes percutaneous Kirschner-wire fixation to ensure maintenance of the reduction.