bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐Shelled Hollow SiO2@N‐C Nanofiber Boosts the Lithium Storage Performance of [PMo12O40]3−
Authors: Hu Hanbin , Yang Yixin , Jiang Xiao , Wang Jiaxin , Cao Dongwei , He Lei , Chen Wei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs)‐based materials, with high theoretical capacities and abundant reversible multi‐electron redox properties, are considered as promising candidates in lithium‐ion storage. However, the poor electronic conductivity, low specific surface area and high solubility in the electrolyte limited their practical applications. Herein, a double‐shelled hollow PMo12−SiO2@N−C nanofiber (PMo12−SiO2@N−C, where PMo12 is [PMo12O40]3−, N−C is nitrogen‐doped carbon) was fabricated for the first time by combining coaxial electrospinning technique, thermal treatment and electrostatic adsorption. As an anode material for LIBs, the PMo12−SiO2@N−C delivered an excellent specific capacity of 1641 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles under 2 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance benefited from the unique double‐shelled hollow structure of the material, in which the outermost N−C shell cannot only hinder the agglomeration of PMo12, but also improve its electronic conductivity. The SiO2 inner shell can efficiently avoid the loss of active components. The hollow structure can buffer the volume expansion and accelerate Li+ diffusion during lithiation/delithiation process. Moreover, PMo12 can greatly reduce charge‐resistance and facilitate electron transfer of the entire composites, as evidenced by the EIS kinetics study and lithium‐ion diffusion analysis. This work paves the way for the fabrication of novel POM‐based LIBs anode materials with excellent lithium storage performance.
Study of the Lithium Storage Mechanism of N‐Doped Carbon‐Modified Cu2S Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tian Guiying , Huang Chuanfeng , Luo Xianlin , Zhao Zijian , Peng Yong , Gao Yuqin , Tang Na , Dsoke Sonia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to their high specific capacity and abundant reserve, CuxS compounds are promising electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Carbon compositing could stabilize the CuxS structure and repress capacity fading during the electrochemical cycling, but the corresponding Li+ storage mechanism and stabilization effect should be further clarified. In this study, nanoscale Cu2S was synthesized by CuS co‐precipitation and thermal reduction with polyelectrolytes. High‐temperature synchrotron radiation diffraction was used to monitor the thermal reduction process. During the first cycle, the conversion mechanism upon lithium storage in the Cu2S/carbon was elucidated by operando synchrotron radiation diffraction and in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The N‐doped carbon‐composited Cu2S (Cu2S/C) exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 425 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, with a higher, long‐term capacity of 523 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 200 cycles; in contrast, the bare CuS electrode exhibits 123 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. Multiple‐scan cyclic voltammetry proves that extra Li+ storage can mainly be ascribed to the contribution of the capacitive storage.
Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in Homogeneous External Electric Fields: Modulating the Bond Strengths
Authors: Chen Li , Dang Jingshuang , Du Juan , Wang Changwei , Mo Yirong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecent years have witnessed various fascinating phenomena arising from the interactions of noncovalent bonds with homogeneous external electric fields (EEFs). Here we performed a computational study to interpret the sensitivity of intrinsic bond strengths to EEFs in terms of steric effect and orbital interactions. The block‐localized wavefunction (BLW) method, which combines the advantages of both ab initio valence bond (VB) theory and molecular orbital (MO) theory, and the subsequent energy decomposition (BLW‐ED) approach were adopted. The sensitivity was monitored and analyzed using the induced energy term, which is the variation in each energy component along the EEF strength. Systems with single or multiple hydrogen (H) or halogen (X) bond(s) were also examined. It was found that the X‐bond strength change to EEFs mainly stems from the covalency change, while generally the steric effect rules the response of H‐bonds to EEFs. Furthermore, X‐bonds are more sensitive to EEFs, with the key difference between H‐ and X‐bonds lying in the charge transfer interaction. Since phenylboronic acid has been experimentally used as a smart linker in EEFs, switchable sensitivity was scrutinized with the example of the phenylboronic acid dimer, which exhibits two conformations with either antiparallel or parallel H‐bonds, thereby, opposite or consistent responses to EEFs. Among the studied systems, the quadruple X‐bonds in molecular capsules exhibit remarkable sensitivity, with its interaction energy increased by −95.2 kJ mol−1at the EEF strength 0.005 a.u.
Does Cavitation Affect Droplet Breakup in High‐Pressure Homogenization? Insights into Local Effects
Authors: Preiss Felix Johannes , Hetz Maximilian , Karbstein Heike Petra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐pressure homogenization is a popular method to produce emulsions of droplet sizes smaller than 1 µm. Regarding the role of cavitation in the process, it is still discussed controversially whether it promotes or hinders droplet breakup during high‐pressure homogenization. In this study droplet breakup in a cavitating flow of an optically accessible high‐pressure homogenizer orifice is visualized using a high‐speed camera setup. The cavitation regime is characterized using laser light induced luminescence. Droplet deformation and breakup events are compared to a cavitation‐free flow with the same specific energy input. Once the jet cavitation regime is reached, droplet breakup took place further downstream the orifice exit, and the larger droplets are measured in the final product.
Comparison among random forest, logistic regression, and existing clinical risk scores for predicting outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the J‐RHYTHM registry
Authors: Watanabe Eiichi , Noyama Shunsuke , Kiyono Ken , Inoue Hiroshi , Atarashi Hirotsugu , Okumura Ken , Yamashita Takeshi , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Kodani Eitaro , Origasa Hideki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for risk stratification. However, few studies have applied ML to risk assessment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).HypothesisWe aimed to compare the performance of random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and conventional risk schemes in predicting the outcomes of AF.MethodsWe analyzed data from 7406 nonvalvular AF patients (median age 71 years, female 29.2%) enrolled in a nationwide AF registry (J‐RHYTHM Registry) and who were followed for 2 years. The endpoints were thromboembolisms, major bleeding, and all‐cause mortality. Models were generated from potential predictors using an RF model, stepwise LR model, and the thromboembolism (CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc) and major bleeding (HAS‐BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA) scores.ResultsFor thromboembolisms, the C‐statistic of the RF model was significantly higher than that of the LR model (0.66 vs. 0.59, p = .03) or CHA2DS2‐VASc score (0.61, p < .01). For major bleeding, the C‐statistic of RF was comparable to the LR (0.69 vs. 0.66, p = .07) and outperformed the HAS‐BLED (0.61, p < .01) and ATRIA (0.62, p < .01) but not the ORBIT (0.67, p = .07). The C‐statistic of RF for all‐cause mortality was comparable to the LR (0.78 vs. 0.79, p = .21). The calibration plot for the RF model was more aligned with the observed events for major bleeding and all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsThe RF model performed as well as or better than the LR model or existing clinical risk scores for predicting clinical outcomes of AF.
Selective Expression of a Carbazole‐Phenothiazine Derivative Leads to Dual‐mode AIEE, TADF and Distinctive Mechanochromism
Authors: Hasan Numan , Ma Zhimin , Liu Jianwei , Li Zewei , Qian Chen , Liu Yan , Chen Mingxing , Jiang Hong , Jia Xinru , Ma Zhiyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report a newly designed D−A−D’ derivative (CNCzPTZ), which displays selective expression of chromophores. This enables CNCzPTZ with solvatochromism, rare dual‐mode AIEE properties, solid‐state dual‐emissions with phosphorescence and distinctive mechanochromism.CNCzPTZ exhibits dual‐mode AIEE properties, since the emission band abruptly shifts from 550 nm to 500 nm as the water fraction increases. In the crystalline state, CNCzPTZ demonstrated dual emission bands of 478 nm and 538 nm.CNCzPTZ shows distinctive mechanochromic property in the solid state due to the planarization.
Progressive pedagogies made visible: Implications for equitable mathematics teaching
Authors: Wright Pete , Fejzo Alba , Carvalho Tiago 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper makes a significant contribution to contemporary debates over the direction curriculum reforms should take. It challenges claims that progressive pedagogies can exclude disadvantaged learners from gaining access to powerful knowledge and argues that greater attention needs to be given to learner agency and subject didactics. It reports on the findings from the Visible Maths Pedagogy research project, which aimed to develop and evaluate strategies for making progressive pedagogies more visible to mathematics learners. Evidence collected from student surveys and interviews suggests that these novel strategies were successful in heightening students' appreciation of the teacher's pedagogic rationale for employing progressive teaching approaches. They appeared to have a positive impact on students' mathematical engagement and awareness of how to achieve success in the secondary school mathematics classroom, particularly for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The findings highlight the potential of progressive pedagogies made visible for establishing an alternative didactic situation based on socio‐mathematical norms associated with ‘sense making’, rather than ‘answer getting’, which can help develop students' individual and collective agency. We argue that such a didactic situation offers a pathway towards a more equitable mathematics curriculum that enables wider access to powerful knowledge, and which forms an integral part of a school curriculum designed to address the environmental, economic and social challenges currently faced by our global society.
A modified Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology system for reporting respiratory cytology specimens: Implications for estimates of malignancy risk and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Esebua Magda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2016, the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) proposed a classification scheme for reporting cytologic specimens obtained from the respiratory system. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and risk of malignancy were reported for endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration but data for other sampling techniques has been poorly documented.MethodsIn 2016, a modified version of the PSC guidelines was adopted at the University of Missouri for classification of sputum, bronchial washing, bronchial brushing, and fine‐needle aspiration specimens. Specimens assigned to the negative category included all specimens containing evaluatable inflammatory or epithelial cells including benign appearing respiratory epithelium. Only specimens with marked artifactual distortion or obscuring blood or mucus were placed in the non‐diagnostic category.Results672 bronchial washing specimens (479 with histology) and 511 bronchial brushings specimens (324 with histology) were reviewed. Washing specimens were classified as non‐diagnostic (3%), benign (73%), atypical (10%), suspicious (4%), and malignant (10%). Bronchial brushing specimens were classified non‐diagnostic (0.4%) benign (73%), atypical (6%), suspicious (3%), and malignant (17%). Malignancy risks for bronchial washings were insufficient (50%), benign (38%), atypical (62%), suspicious (83%), and malignant (98%). Risks of malignancy for bronchial brushings were insufficient (0%), benign (32%), atypical (79%), suspicious (75%), and malignant (94%).ConclusionMalignancy risks associated with bronchial washings and bronchial brushings are different than those reported for EBUS FNA. When the benign category includes specimens with “normal” appearing cellular elements, the risk of malignancy is substantial (between 32% and 38%).
Recent population differentiation in the habitat specialist Glossy Antshrike (Aves: Thamnophilidae) across Amazonian seasonally flooded forests
Authors: Silva Sofia Marques , Ribas Camila C. , Aleixo Alexandre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe assessed population structure and the spatio‐temporal pattern of diversification in the Glossy Antshrike Sakesphorus luctuosus (Aves, Thamnophilidae) to understand the processes shaping the evolutionary history of Amazonian floodplains and address unresolved taxonomic controversies surrounding its species limits. By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 32 specimens of S. luctuosus, we identified independent lineages and estimated their differentiation, divergence times, and migration rates. We also estimated current and past demographic histories for each recovered lineage. We found evidence confirming that S. luctuosus consists of a single species, comprising at least four populations, with some highly admixed individuals and overall similar levels of migration between populations. We confirmed the differentiation of the Araguaia River basin population (S. l. araguayae) and gathered circumstantial evidence indicating that the taxon S. hagmanni may represent a highly introgressed population between three distinct phylogroups of S. luctuosus. Divergences between populations occurred during the last 1.2 mya. Signs of population expansions were detected for populations attributed to subspecies S. l. luctuosus, but not for the S. l. araguayae population. Our results support that S. luctuosus has had a complex population history, resulting from a high dependence on southeastern “clear water” seasonally flooded habitats and their availability through time. Spatial and demographic expansions toward the western “white water” flooded forests might be related to recent changes in connectivity and availability of these habitats. Our study reinforces the view that isolation due to absence of suitable habitat has been an important driver of population differentiation within Amazonian flooded forests, but also that differences between várzeas (“white water” floodplains, mostly in southwestern Amazonia) and igapós (“clear water” floodplains, especially located in the east) should be further explored as drivers of micro‐evolution for terrestrial species.
An In(III)‐Based Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Compound (C3H7NH3)3[InCl5(H2O)]Cl with Dielectric Response Behavior Derived from Order‐Disorder Changes of n‐Propylammonium Cations
Authors: Zhang Yin‐Qiang , Li Min , Xu Guan‐Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new organic‐inorganic hybrid compound (C3H7NH3)3[InCl5(H2O)]Cl (1; C3H7NH3+ is n‐propylammonium), which exhibits a structural phase transition, has been successfully synthesized. The structural phase transition at Tc=188.9 K upon heating has been evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis reveals that the structural phase transition is driven by order‐disorder changes of n‐propylammonium cations. And a gentle slope like dielectric anomaly is discovered in the vicinity of the Tc. This work will be helpful to explore the new In‐based phase transition materials.
Lower‐Rim‐Modified Calix[4]arene‐Pyrrolotetrathiafulvalene Molecular Tweezers
Authors: Schlüter Dirk , Korsching Kai R. , Azov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn approach for the lower rim modification of the calix[4]arene‐based molecular tweezes with monopyrrolo‐tetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) arms attached to the upper rim of calixarenes is described. First, calixarene‐MPTTF conjugates with free hydroxyl on the lower rim are synthesized using the Ullmann reaction, then hydroxyl groups are substituted by propargyl groups, which can be used for further modification by the click reaction. The new calixarene‐TTF derivatives displayed reversible redox processes, as well as demonstrated binding affinity for electron‐deficient molecular guests such as tetracyanoquinodimethane. The described synthetic approach will be used for the modular synthesis of molecular receptors tailored for specific applications.
A comprehensive review of energy blockchain: Application scenarios and development trends
Authors: Teng Fei , Zhang Qi , Wang Ge , Liu Jiangfeng , Li Hailong 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe disruptive nature of blockchain technology has drawn considerable interest from different types of stakeholders. It is adopted in numerous sectors with the ability to openly and securely verify, track, and exchange data. The energy blockchain, a term used when blockchain technology is applied in the energy sector, is considered as having the potential to develop a decentralized, digitized, and decarbonized energy management system. The article presents an overview of the development progress from three perspectives, including academic research, the deployment of companies and pilot projects, and government support policies. Then a different taxonomy is developed to demonstrate and highlighted the different applications. Finally, the future trends and challenges hindering the effective implementation of energy blockchain are discussed. The results show that energy blockchain is an effective innovation technology to accelerate the transformation of global energy structure. Multinational cooperation and government‐leading are the basis of large‐scale deployment of energy blockchain. The improvement of regulatory mechanisms and standards is the key to the commercial application of energy blockchain. This study is a comprehensive analysis of energy blockchain applications, which is expected to support decision making for its future development.
Dandelion sterol improves diabetes mellitus–induced renal injury in in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Tian Lin , Fu Peng , Zhou Min , Qi Jiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of our research was to evaluate Dandelion sterol's treatment effects on diabetes mellitus–induced renal injury in in vitro and in vivo study. The rats were divided into five groups as normal control (Ctrl), diabetic nephropathy model (Model), Dandelion sterol low‐dose treated (Dan‐Low), Dandelion sterol middle‐dose treated (Dan‐Middle), and Dandelion sterol high‐dose treated (Dan‐High). Measuring serum TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 concentrations by Elisa assay, evaluate kidney pathology by HE staining, kidney cell apoptosis of TUNEL, TLR4, and NF‐κB(p65) proteins expression by IHC assay, and relative gene expressions by RT‐qPCR assay. In the following step, using HK‐2 treated with high glucose to model DN cell model to discuss the relative mechanisms, evaluate TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 concentrations by Elisa assay, evaluate cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, evaluate TLR4 and NF‐κB(p65) proteins expression by WB assay, relative gene expression by RT‐qPCR assay, and NF‐κB(p65) nuclear volume by cellular immunofluorescence. Compared with Ctrl group, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 concentrations and apoptosis cell number were significantly increased, TLR4/NF‐κB(p65) pathway was significantly stimulated in Model rats and cell groups. With Dan supplement, the diabetic‐induced renal injury was significantly improved (p < .05, respectively). By cell experiment, Dan improved cell apoptosis and inflammatory factors via miR‐140‐5p. Dan improved diabetes mellitus–induced renal injury via regulation of miR‐140‐5p/TLR4 axis in in vitro and in vivo study.
Usefulness of Cell‐Free Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Mutant DNA Quantification in Blood for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Muraoka Masaru , Maekawa Shinya , Katoh Ryo , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Nakakuki Natsuko , Takada Hitomi , Matsuda Shuya , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sato Mitsuaki , Tatsumi Akihisa , Miura Mika , Amemiya Fumitake , Shindo Hiroko , Takano Shinichi , Fukasawa Mitsuharu , Yamauchi Kozue , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Nakayama Yasuhiro , Inoue Taisuke , Enomoto Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Although the usefulness of liquid biopsy as a biomarker in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested, its usefulness in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies has not been reported in detail. In this study, we investigated the clinical value of a cell‐free (cf)DNA quantification system targeting the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter mutation in advanced HCC treatment. Plasma from 67 patients with advanced HCC, treated with TACE and TKI, was used for extraction of cfDNA. We defined cfDNA with the hTERT promoter C228T mutation as circulating mutant DNA (mutant DNA) and without the mutation as circulating wild‐type DNA (wild‐type DNA). We analyzed the changes in mutant and wild‐type DNA levels during HCC treatment and examined the relationship between changes in the cfDNA level and the clinical course. Mutant DNA was detected in 73.1% (49/67) of the patients during HCC treatment. In univariate analysis, factors associated with detection of mutant DNA before treatment were the intrahepatic maximum tumor diameter (P = 0.015) and protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKAII) (P = 0.006). The degree of mutant DNA change after TACE was significantly correlated with tumor volume (P < 0.001), reflecting the treated tumor volume. Responders with peak cfDNA levels within 1 week of TKI initiation had significantly better progression‐free survival than nonresponders (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Changes in blood hTERT promoter mutant DNA levels during TACE or TKI treatment indirectly reflect the amount of HCCs and are useful for predicting long‐term treatment responses.
Impact of a pharmacist‐to‐dose direct oral anticoagulant protocol on medication errors at an academic medical center
Authors: Willeford Andrew , Leiman Victoria , Noel Zachary R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are considered high‐risk medications and pose a serious threat to patients if mismanaged. Furthermore, medication error rates involving DOACs in the acute care setting range from 25% to 40%. To reduce medication error rates at our institution, we implemented a pharmacist‐driven DOAC protocol that permitted pharmacists to independently order and monitor DOACs pursuant to a consult order.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of a pharmacist‐to‐dose DOAC protocol on medication errors at an academic medical center.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center cohort study using a pre‐post design to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist‐to‐dose DOAC protocol on rates of medication errors. Patient data were evaluated during a 6‐month period before and after the implementation of the protocol. Patients were excluded if they were receiving a DOAC for an indication other than venous thromboembolism and/or atrial fibrillation.ResultsA total of 502 patients (pre‐phase = 256; post‐phase = 246) admitted to the hospital and receiving a DOAC were included in the study. A total of 41 patients in the pre‐phase received a medication error involving a DOAC compared with 22 patients in the post‐phase (16% vs 8.9%; relative risk reduction 44%; P = .017). Rates of near misses were numerically higher in the post‐phase group (7.4% vs 11.8%; P = .1), and rates of discharge DOAC errors were numerically lower (8.5% vs 4.9%; P = .1). The most common error was underdosing (N = 31).ConclusionIn this study, the implementation of a pharmacist‐to‐dose DOAC protocol was associated with a 44% reduction in DOAC‐related medication errors. These findings underscore the impact of a protocolized approach to DOAC management, as well as the role of pharmacists in overseeing inpatient DOAC use and reducing medication errors.