bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 infection: Initial viral load (iVL) predicts severity of illness/outcome, and declining trend of iVL in hospitalized patients corresponds with slowing of the pandemic
Authors: El Zein Said , Chehab Omar , Kanj Amjad , Akrawe Sandy , Alkassis Samer , Mishra Tushar , Shatta Maya , El-Hor Nivine , Salimnia Hossein , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi 
Published: September 2021

Background
Hospitalization of patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have remained considerable worldwide. Patients often develop severe complications and have high mortality rates. The cycle threshold (Ct) value derived from nasopharyngeal swab samples using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may be a useful prognostic marker in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, its role in predicting the course of the pandemic has not been evaluated thus far.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study which included all patients who had a nasopharyngeal sample positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 4 –June 5, 2020. The Ct value was used to estimate the number of viral particles in a patient sample. The trend in initial viral load on admission on a population level was evaluated. Moreover, patient characteristics and outcomes stratified by viral load categories were compared and initial viral load was assessed as an independent predictor of intubation and in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 461 hospitalized patients met the inclusion criteria. This study consisted predominantly of acutely infected patients with a median of 4 days since symptom onset to PCR. As the severity of the pandemic eased, there was an increase in the percentage of samples in the low initial viral load category, coinciding with a decrease in deaths. Compared to an initial low viral load, a high initial viral load was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR 5.5, CI 3.1–9.7, p < 0.001) and intubation (OR 1.82 CI 1.07–3.11, p = 0.03), while an initial intermediate viral load was associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality (OR 1.9, CI 1.14–3.21, p = 0.015) but not with increased risk for intubation.

Conclusion
The Ct value obtained from nasopharyngeal samples of hospitalized patients on admission may serve as a prognostic marker at an individual level and may help predict the course of the pandemic when evaluated at a population level.
Insulin management in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus on high-dose glucocorticoids: Management of steroid-exacerbated hyperglycemia
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chien , Guerra Yannis , Morkos Michael , Tahsin Bettina , Onyenwenyi Chioma , Fogg Louis , Fogelfeld Leon 
Published: September 2021

Background
Glucocorticoid (GC)-exacerbated hyperglycemia is prevalent in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but evidence-based insulin guidelines in inpatient settings are lacking.

Methods and findings
Retrospective cohort study with capillary blood glucose (CBG) readings and insulin use, dosed with 50% basal (glargine)-50% bolus (lispro) insulin, analyzed in hospitalized patients with insulin-treated DM given GC and matched controls without GC (n = 131 pairs). GC group (median daily prednisone-equivalent dose: 53.36 mg (IQR 30.00, 80.04)) had greatest CBG differences compared to controls at dinner (254±69 vs. 184±63 mg/dL, P<0.001) and bedtime (260±72 vs. 182±55 mg/dL, P<0.001). In GC group, dinner CBG was 30% higher than lunch (254±69 vs. 199±77 mg/dL, P<0.001) when similar lispro to controls given at lunch. Bedtime CBG not different from dinner when 20% more lispro given at dinner (0.12 units/kg (IQR 0.08, 0.17) vs. 0.10 units/kg (0.06, 0.14), P<0.01). Despite receiving more lispro, bedtime hypoglycemic events were lower in GC group (0.0% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Since equal bolus doses inadequately treat large dinner and bedtime GC-exacerbated glycemic excursions, initiating higher bolus insulin at lunch and dinner with additional enhanced GC-specific insulin supplemental scale may be needed as initial insulin doses in setting of high-dose GC.
HAV infection in Brazilian men who have sex with men: The importance of surveillance to avoid outbreaks
Authors: Castro Lisie Souza , Rezende Grazielli Rocha de , Pires Fernandes Fernanda Rodas , Bandeira Larissa Melo , Cesar Gabriela Alves , do Lago Barbara Vieira , Gomes Gouvêa Michele Soares , Motta-Castro Ana R. C. 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundHepatitis A is a fecal-oral infection caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) have been reported as target groups for HAV infection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors, and circulating strains associated with HAV infection among MSM and TW in Central Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to September 2013. Serum samples were collected from 425 individuals for anti-HAV antibody testing and HAV molecular characterization. Of them, 149 (35.1%) participants were self-identified as transgender women. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors of HAV seropositivity.ResultsThe seroprevalence of HAV exposure was 69.7% (95% Confidence Interval: 65.3–74.0%). Serological evidence of HAV was significantly higher in participants who self-identified as transgender women (83.2%) than MSM (62.3%). Increasing age, non-white race, and lower monthly household income were independently associated with HAV exposure among MSM. Only lower monthly household income was independently associated with HAV exposure among TW. One anti-HAV IgM positive sample, from a transgender woman (0.2%), was detected and classified as subgenotype IA.ConclusionsHigh HAV prevalence was observed, markedly among TW. Considering the risky sexual behaviors this population is exposed to, HAV vaccination and prevention programs targeting this population should be considered to prevent outbreaks and the burden of the disease.
5-year outcomes of single iStent (G1) trabecular microbypass implantation with phacoemulsification in moderately advanced primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Ansari Ejaz 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification and single iStent (G1) (iStent, Glaukos Corp. San Clemente, USA), implantation in moderately advanced primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with 5-years follow-up.

Methods
Retrospective, interventional case series. All subjects had POAG and underwent single iStent implantation+ phaco+IOL by a single surgeon, with 5 years follow-up. Primary outcome measures: reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) and proportion of eyes achieving at least 20% reduction of IOP at 5 years. Secondary outcome measures: number of glaucoma drops at 1 through to 5 years; change in visual field mean deviation (MD) at year 5 compared to baseline.

Results
35 eyes of 26 patients were included. Mean (sd) medicated pre-op IOP was 18.5 (3.2) mm Hg on mean (sd) 2.3 (1.0) medications. Mean IOP was reduced to 15.9 (4.5) mm Hg on 2.2 (0.9) drops, 15.0mm (4.5) mm Hg on 2.3 (0.9) drops, 15.6 (3.6) mm Hg on 2.5 (1.0) drops, 15.7 (4.43) mmHg on 2.6 (1.0) drops and 14.7 (3.02) mmHg (P<0.001) on 2.7 (1.14) drops (P = 0.06) from 1 through to 5 years. At year 5, 62% of eyes had achieved at least 20% reduction in IOP. MD reduced from -8 (8.1) dB to -10.7 (13.4) dB over 5 years (p = 0.8) at 0.54dB/ annum. One eye required filtering surgery. There were no sight-threatening complications.

Conclusion
This study showed sustained IOP reduction and excellent safety profile for single iStent implantation. Uniquely it provides data for a more severe stage of glaucoma, and also visual field data, which indicated no significant change through 5 years.
Service user experiences and views regarding telemental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A co-produced framework analysis
Authors: Vera San Juan Norha , Shah Prisha , Schlief Merle , Appleton Rebecca , Nyikavaranda Patrick , Birken Mary , Foye Una , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Morant Nicola , Needle Justin J. , Simpson Alan , Lyons Natasha , Rains Luke Sheridan , Dedat Zainab , Johnson Sonia 
Published: September 2021

Background
The prominence of telemental health, including providing care by video call and telephone, has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are clear variations in uptake and acceptability, and concerns that digital exclusion may exacerbate previous inequalities in access to good quality care. Greater understanding is needed of how service users experience telemental health, and what determines whether they engage and find it acceptable.

Methods
We conducted a collaborative framework analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with a sample of people already experiencing mental health problems prior to the pandemic. Data relevant to participants’ experiences and views regarding telemental health during the pandemic were identified and extracted. Data collection and analysis used a participatory, coproduction approach where researchers with relevant lived experience, contributed to all stages of data collection, analysis and interpretation of findings alongside clinical and academic researchers.

Findings
The experiences and preferences regarding telemental health care of the forty-four participants were dynamic and varied across time and settings, as well as between individuals. Participants’ preferences were shaped by reasons for contacting services, their relationship with care providers, and both parties’ access to technology and their individual preferences.
While face-to-face care tended to be the preferred option, participants identified benefits of remote care including making care more accessible for some populations and improved efficiency for functional appointments such as prescription reviews. Participants highlighted important challenges related to safety and privacy in online settings, and gave examples of good remote care strategies they had experienced, including services scheduling regular phone calls and developing guidelines about how to access remote care tools.

Discussion
Participants in our study have highlighted advantages of telemental health care, as well as significant limitations that risk hindering mental health support and exacerbate inequalities in access to services. Some of these limitations are seen as potentially removable, for example through staff training or better digital access for staff or service users. Others indicate a need to maintain traditional face-to-face contact at least for some appointments. There is a clear need for care to be flexible and individualised to service user circumstances and preferences. Further research is needed on ways of minimising digital exclusion and of supporting staff in making effective and collaborative use of relevant technologies.
Microbiota markers level in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and radiologically isolated syndrome
Authors: Boyko A. N. , Melnikov M. V. , Boyko O. V. , Kabaeva A. R. , Omarova M. A. , Zhilenkova O. G. , Zatevalov A. M. , Rogovskii V. S. 
Published: September 2021

According to numerous studies, gut microbiota plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. However, data on changes in the gut microbiota in MS is often contradictory. The most common approach in gut microbiota research is the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of fecal microbiota. However, such data do not reflect the composition of the entire body microbiota. There is also a lack of data on microbiota markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MS and predisposing conditions.Objective: to assess the level of microbial markers in the CSF of patients with MS and radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).Patients and methods. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to evaluate microbial markers levels in eight patients with MS, five patients with RIS, and seven controls.Results and discussion. We found an increase in microbial load in patients with MS, indicating a possible association of MS with polymicrobial infection. In particular, an increase in the content of Streptococcus markers was observed, as well as a tendency to a three-fold increase in the campesterol content (a marker of campesterol-producing microfungi) in the CSF of patients with MS, compared to the control group (diagnostic punctures, various diseases of the nervous system of a non-autoimmune or inflammatory nature, not acute states).Conclusion. GC-MS of microbial markers can be used to assess the presence of microbial markers in the CSF. The CSF of patients with MS contains an increased amount of various microbial markers, which may indicate a possible association of MS with polymicrobial infection.
The Writing of Hadith in the Era of Prophet Muhammad: A Critique on Harun Nasution’s Thought
Authors: Harun Daud Rasyid , Rasyid Aisyah Daud , Lubis Asmuliadi , Mohd Balwi Mohd Abd Wahab Fatoni Bin , Rasyid Bilal Daud 
Published: September 2021

The discussion regarding the writing of hadith during the life of the Prophet is a contentious topic within the area of Islamic and hadith studies both in the West and in the Islamic world. Orientalists write their work on hadith with a presumption that hadith has never been written during the life of Prophet Muḥammad. They contend that hadith text only emerged in the third century of Hijrah, i.e. in the era of al-Bukhāri. A few others believe that it started in the era of Malik of the Umayyad. This orientalist’ mindset affects some Muslim intellectuals who accept this premise. One of them is Harun Nasution, a well respected great mind who wrote a book entitled Islam Ditinjau Dari Berbagai Aspeknya (Islam Viewed from Various Aspects). However, historical evidence demonstrates that the writing of hadith was carried out at the time when the Prophet was still alive. A number of sheets were discovered, which contain hadith text compilations narrated by the companions of the Prophet, such as the Ṣahīfah of ͑Ali bin Abi Ṭalib, Ṣahifah of Jābir bin ͑Abdillah, and others. Some scholars have misunderstood the message in a saying of the Prophet that prohibited the writing of hadith. They have ignored other hadith that negated the previous hadith by which the Prophet allowed the writing of hadith in his life time. Even though there are a number companions who did not write hadith in this period, it does not mean hadith were not allowed to be written, but it was due to their own preference not to write the hadith.[Perdebatan tentang penulisan hadits masa kehidupan Nabi tetap menjadi tema yang hangat dalam kajian keislaman dan kajian hadits, baik di barat maupun di dunia Islam sendiri. Beberapa orientalis berpendapat bahwa hadits tidak ditulis pada masa Nabi Muhammad. Mereka menyebutkan teks hadits mulai muncul abad ketiga hijriah, misalnya pada era Bukhari. Lainnya percaya bahwa teks hadits dimulai pada masa Malik al Umayyad. Perspektif seperti orientalis ini diterima oleh beberapa intelektual muslim Indonesia, salah satunya Harun Nasution yang menulis buku Islam ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspeknya. Bagaimanapun bukti sejarah menunjukkan penulisan hadits sudah dimulai ketika Nabi masih hidup. Sejumlah lembaran yang mengandung kompilasi teks hadits dari beberapa sahabat Nabi seperti, Ṣahīfah dari Ali bin Abi Ṭalib dan Ṣahifah dari Jābir bin ͑Abdillah. Sejumlah akademisi keliru dalam memahami pesan Nabi yang melarang menuliskan hadits. Mereka mengabaikan hadits yang menegasikan hadits sebelumnya yang membolehkan penulisan hadits selama hidup Nabi. Meskipun ada sejumlah sahabat yang melarangnya, namun ini bukan berarti hadits tidak diijinkan untuk ditulis, tetapi hal ini lebih terkait dengan masing-masing referensi untuk tidak menuliskannya.]
The Interplay between the Physical Internet and Logistics: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: Ben Neila Safwen , Rejeb Abderahman , Németh Péter 
Published: September 2021

In recent years, there is a need for new methods and frameworks for planning transport systems, improving their efficiency, and addressing globalisation and sustainability challenges. In addition, the use of existing capacities and infrastructure has raised significant issues in the transport sector. To achieve an economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable logistics ecosystem, Benoit Montreuil introduces the concept of “Physical Internet” (PI) to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics networks. As a ground-breaking transportation philosophy, the PI aims to revolutionise freight and logistics transport. Moreover, the PI can enhance logistics productivity through the organisation of large-scale pooling. Similar to Digital Internet that conveys data, the PI strives to connect, synchronise, and ship regular modular containers from the point of origin to an exact destination, thereby creating robust and collaborative logistics networks. While the literature on the PI is relatively growing, there is still a lack of reviews that synthesise this knowledge body, identify current trends and gaps, and advance the research more broadly. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potentials of the PI for the development of sustainable logistics networks. Overall, 59 studies are selected from leading academic databases and further analysed. The review findings reveal that most scholars focus on the optimisation of transport at the tactical and organisational stage while devoting little attention to the contribution of the PI to the social sustainability of logistics compared to the economic and environmental aspects.
(Не)желание иметь детей в зеркале опросов населения
Authors: Макаренцева Алла Олеговна , Галиева Надежда Илшатовна , Рогозин Дмитрий Михайлович 
Published: September 2021

В представленной статье исследуются изменения в репродуктивном поведении населения современной России через призму предпочтений бездетности. Авторы рассматривают ответы на вопросы о желании иметь детей в соотношении с индивидуальными характеристиками респондентов, а также анализируют особенности коммуникации в ходе массового опроса, исследуют процессы интерпретации вопросов и формирования ответов. Эмпирической базой работы выступают данные и аудиозаписи трех волн крупного общенационального репрезентативного опроса населения «Человек, семья, общество» (2015, 2017 и 2020 гг.).
Данные указывают на значительный рост числа респондентов, заявляющих о нежелании иметь детей. В целях повышения достоверности полученных результатов авторы используют комплексные индикаторы предпочтений бездетности, которые подтверждают выявленную тенденцию. Показано, что предпочтения бездетности формируются под влиянием двух направлений факторов: депривационного и модернизационного. Кроме того, наблюдается изменение социального портрета тех, кто не хочет иметь детей: если в 2017 г. он определялся преимущественно отсутствием супруга или партнера в домохозяйстве, то в 2020 г. — целым комплексом характеристик.
Интерпретируя рост предпочтений бездетности, авторы обращаются к анализу коммуникации между респондентами и интервьюерами. Показано, что вопрос о желании иметь детей легок и понятен для восприятия, но чрезвычайно сложен для поиска в памяти релевантной информации и формулирования суждения респондентом, а также для корректной записи развернутого ответа интервьюером. Нередко респонденты демонстрируют амбивалентную позицию «с одной стороны и с другой стороны», которая завершается конкретным ответом под влиянием текущей коммуникативной ситуации. Авторы полагают, что общий рост бездетных и малодетных установок был усилен пандемией коронавируса: на фоне весеннего карантина респонденты высказывались о неготовности к рассуждениям о рождении ребенка.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГС на 2021 г.
KONSERVASI MENARA SLEKO MENUJU LANSEKAP KAWASAN KOTA KUNO SEMARANG
Authors: Rukayah R Siti , Abdullah Muhammad , Etenia Annica 
Published: September 2021

Konservasi arsitektur dan kawasan bersejarah menjadi issu penting dalam pengembangan kota dewasa ini. Semarang memiliki Kawasan Kota Lama dengan Menara Sleko di Kawasan Sleko yang berfunsgi sebagai kawasan pelabuhan di era kolonial. Menara ini berfungsi sebagai menara pandang yang digunakan untuk memantau keadaan pelabuhan dan pedagang kecil, serta untuk istirahat para pedagang. Namun, karena kini tertutup oleh bangunan kumuh maka kemegahan bangunan Menara Sleko sebagai landmark pada kawasan Kota Kuno Semarang tak nampak lagi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguak keberadaan Menara Sleko sebagai bagian dari Kawasan Kota Lama Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penggalian sejarah dari beberapa arsip kolonial berupa buku, peta dan foto untuk menguak keberadaan Menara Sleko sebagai bagian dari Kota Lama Semarang di masa lalu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Menara Sleko merupakan satu kesatuan rancang kota dengan kota benteng yang kini dikenal dengan nama Kota Lama Semarang. Lokasinya menjadi lansekap kota tepi sungai sebagai tempat kapal berlabuh menuju kota lama dan pusat kota Semarang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah sebagai alat analisa maka terkuak gambaran kota lama dengan bangunan menara sebagai landmark kota di masa lalu yang terintegrasi dengan lansekap sungai yang bisa digunakan sebagai guideline konservasi kawasan Kota Lama Semarang secara utuh.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN ATRIBUT FISIK PADA LAPANGAN MERDEKA MEDAN
Authors: Rambe Friza Kinanti , Nasution Achmad Delianur , Pane Imam Faisal 
Published: September 2021

Atribut fisik merupakan salah satu elemen yang signifikan dalam pembangunan ruang terbuka publik, yang mana merupakan wujud pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat serta sebagai atraksi yang dapat menjadi daya tarik bagi masyarakat untuk berkumpul di ruang terbuka. Keberadaan atribut fisik mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap ruang terbuka publik. Kesuksesan ruang terbuka publik sangat dipengaruhi oleh atribut fisiknya. Lapangan Merdeka merupakan salah satu ruang terbuka publik yang ada di pusat kota Medan yang telah mengalami perubahan fungsi ruang yang berdampak pada atribut fisiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan persepsi masyarakat terhadap perubahan atribut fisik yang terjadi di Lapangan Merdeka. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara metode campuran, dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dan primer, dimana data primer yang dikumpulkan berupa wawancara mendalam, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan atribut fisik Lapangan Merdeka meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Meski demikian, keberadaan bangunan permanen perlu direncanakan ulang.
Parametric optimization of a coiled agitated vessel with TiO2/water nanofluid
Authors: Thangavelu Perarasu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
An effective procedure of response surface methodology (RSM) has been successfully developed for a coiled agitated vessel by finding the optimal values of working parameters to achieve the high heat transfer performance. Studies have been performed for two types of agitators, propeller and disk turbine respectively. TiO2/water nanofluid has been used as agitated medium. Various operating parameters, such as impeller speed (100–700 rpm for propeller and 100–300 rpm for disk turbine), TiO2/water nanofluid concentration (0–0.3 vol%), heat input (400–2200 W) to the agitated medium were explored by experiment. Experiments were performed at desired set of working conditions suggested by a standard RSM design called a Box-Behnken Design. Nusselt number was considered as performance parameter. The results identify the significant influence factors to achieve high coefficient of heat transfer. A set of 690 rpm, 0.28 vol%, 1480 W for propeller and 220 rpm, 0.15 vol%, 1330 W for disk turbine have been suggested by the model for achieving improved heat transfer performances. The obtained optimal working parameters have been predicted and verified by conducting validation experiments. A good agreement of discrepancy ±4% have been obtained between experimental and predicted values.