bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A single‐center experience
Authors: Morales‐Demori Raysa , Mallory George B. , Chartan Corey , Coleman Ryan , Ruiz Fadel , Villafranco Natalie , Whalen Elise , Varghese Nidhy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe global COVID‐19 pandemic was particularly concerning for the pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) population due to immature immune systems and developmental comorbidities. This study aims to describe a single‐center experience of pediatric PH patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 disease.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients followed by the PH Center at Texas Children's Hospital diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection from April 2020 to February 2021.ResultsWe identified 23 patients with a median age of 58 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 25–75th, 21–132 months), 48% being Hispanics. Eight patients (35%) required hospitalization; median length of stay was 6 days (IQR: 25–75th, 5–8 days). Only three of these eight patients required increased respiratory support. Targeted PH therapy was escalated in four patients (two in dual and two in triple therapy). There was one mortality in a patient with failing Fontan physiology. Ninety‐one percent of patients have had post‐COVID outpatient follow‐up, median of 101 days (IQR: 25–75th, 50–159 days) from diagnosis. Of the five patients with 6 min walk test (6MWT) data, three (60%) children walked less distance, median of −12 m (IQR: 25–75th, −12 to +49 m) compared to pre‐COVID testing. Postinfection pulmonary function testing (PFT) was notable for decrease in predicted forced vital capacity (FVC; median −6%, range −11% to +6%) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; median −14%, range −12% to −18%) in 75% of the patients with PFT data.ConclusionIn our institution, COVID‐19 was found more frequently in Hispanics and associated with low mortality.
A new approach for analysis of polyprenols by a combination of thin‐film chemical deposition and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Gladchuk Alexey S. , Krasnov Konstantin A. , Keltsieva Olga A. , Kalninia Yana K. , Alexandrova Marina L. , Ivanov Nikita S. , Muradymov Marat Z. , Krasnov Nikolai V. , Reynyuk Vladimir L. , Sukhodolov Nikolai G. , Podolskaya Ekaterina P. 
Published: August 2021

RationaleThe polyprenols are involved in some essential biosynthetic pathways and serve as ubiquitous components of cellular membranes, so their fingerprinting in natural samples is of great interest. Previous studies indicate that due to the high hydrophobicity of polyprenols their direct analysis by mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques may be difficult and require preliminary off‐line derivatization. Hence, a method for rapid and sensitive screening of polyprenols is required.MethodsA combination of thin‐film chemical deposition and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) was used for analysis of the polyprenol profile of Abies sibirica L. extract. Polyprenol‐based monolayers were formed at the interphase of aqueous barium acetate solution, supplemented with 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and an n‐hexane solution of polyprenols directly on a MALDI target plate.ResultsPeaks corresponding to [M − H + Ba]+ ions were observed in the MALDI‐TOF mass spectra of polyprenols. A total of nine polyprenol homologues were identified with a polyprenol of 16 isoprene units dominating. The limit of detection was established at the level of 6 pg. Possible mechanisms of formation of [M − H + Ba]+ ions of polyprenols were discussed.ConclusionsThe proposed approach can be suitable for high‐throughput screening of polyprenols in biological samples of different origin due to easy sample preparation and high sensitivity.
Leveraging curricular and students' resources to instigate and sustain problematizing
Authors: Ko Mon‐Lin Monica 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough existing literature suggests that teachers perceive, mobilize, and leverage resources to support ambitious instruction, less is known about how teachers and students jointly take up resources for co‐constructing scientific knowledge. This study examines how teachers and students utilize aspects of practice‐oriented curriculum materials and students' everyday experiences as resources to problematize aspects of their scientific inquiry. I present an analysis of how teachers and students employ resources to engage in problematizing as they enact the same lessons from a practice‐oriented science curriculum in sixth grade science classrooms. I report on patterns of variability in who leverages what resources to instigate and sustain problematizing, and whether or not the problematizing is in service of or deviates from the curricular intent. I present three representative cases to highlight the tensions that emerge between students' everyday experiences and carefully sequenced curriculum materials. The findings reported here have implications for the design of practice‐oriented curriculum materials, teachers professional learning around curriculum use, and the opportunities for redistribution of students' epistemic agency during curriculum enactment.
Oxygen electrochemistry in Li‐O2 batteries probed by in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Ma Lipo , Xu Junyuan , Xu Ye , Sun Ke , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), as a nondestructive and ultra‐sensitive single molecular level characterization technique, is a powerful tool to deeply understand the interfacial electrochemistry reaction mechanism involved in energy conversion and storage, especially for oxygen electrochemistry in Li‐O2 batteries with unrivaled theoretical energy density. SERS can provide precise spectroscopic identification of the reactants, intermediates and products at the electrode|electrolyte interfaces, independent of their physical states (solid and/or liquid) and crystallinity level. Furthermore, SERS's power to resolve different isotopes can be exploited to identify the mass transport limitation and reactive sites of the passivated interface. In this review, the application of in situ SERS in studying the oxygen electrochemistry, specifically in aprotic Li‐O2 batteries, is summarized. The ideas and concepts covered in this review are also extended to the perspectives of the spectroelectrochemistry in general aprotic metal‐gas batteries.
Oxymatrine hydrazone (OMTH) synthesis and its protective effect for rheumatoid arthritis through downregulation of MEK/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Guangwen , Liu Baojian , Zeng Zhaoyang , Chen Qinghai , Feng Yiyun , Ning Xueqian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory diseases detected in more than 1% of the world population. In the present study, oxymatrine hydrazone (OMTH) was synthesized and investigated for treatment of RA in vitro in TNF‐α induced fibroblast‐like synoviocyte cell model. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. ELISA was used for determination of inflammatory cytokines and western blotting for evaluation of protein expression. Pretreatment of HFLS‐RA cells with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 μM doses of OMTH suppressed TNF‐α induced promotion of proliferative potential in dose‐based manner. The OMTH pretreatment of TNF‐α exposed HFLS‐RA cells significantly increased apoptotic cell proportion. In TNF‐α exposed HFLS‐RA cells OMTH pretreatment elevated Bax and suppressed Bcl‐2 expression. Treatment of HFLS‐RA cells with OMTH prevented TNF‐α mediated elevation of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8. Moreover, OMTH treatment of HFLS‐RA cells effectively suppressed TNF‐α mediated elevated levels of MMP‐1 and MMP‐13. Pretreatment of HFLS‐RA cells with OMTH reversed TNF‐α mediated promotion of iNOS and COX‐2 levels. The MEK/1/2 and p65 phosphorylation in TNF‐α exposed HFLS‐RA cells was reduced by OMTH pre‐treatment in dose‐based manner. Thus, OMTH successfully inhibited TNF‐α‐mediated increased viability of RA synovial cells and activated apoptosis. Pretreatment of TNF‐α exposed synovial cells with OMTH targeted phosphorylation of MEK/NF‐κB. Therefore, OMTH may act as potential therapeutic agent for RA treatment.
It takes two (or more): The social nature of secrets
Authors: Bedrov Alisa , Gable Shelly , Liberman Zoe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe lion's share of research on secrecy focuses on how deciding to keep or share a secret impacts a secret‐keeper's well‐being. However, secrets always involve more than one person: the secret‐keeper and those from whom the secret is kept or shared with. Although secrets are inherently social, their consequences for people's reputations and social relationships have been relatively ignored. Secrets serve a variety of social functions, including (1) changing or maintaining one's reputation, (2) conveying social utility, and (3) establishing friendship. For example, if Beth has a secret about a past misdemeanor, she might not tell any of her friends in order to maintain her reputation as an outstanding citizen. If Beth does share this secret with her friend Amy, Amy could interpret this as a sign of trust and think that their friendship is special. However, Amy could also choose to share Beth's secret with the rest of the friend group to show that she is a useful member with access to valuable information about others. Attention to these social functions of secrets emerges from a young age, and secrets play a prominent role in human relationships throughout the lifespan. After providing an overview of what is currently known about the relational consequences of secrecy in childhood and adulthood, we discuss how social and developmental psychologists could work together to broaden our understanding of the sociality of secrets. Future steps include incorporating more dyadic and social network analyses into research on secrets and looking at similar questions across ages.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Thermal stress analysis in a hemispherical shell made of transversely isotropic materials under pressure and thermo‐mechanical loads
Authors: Thakur Pankaj , Sethi Monika , Gupta Kanav , Bhardwaj Ram Krishan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the study of thermal stress in a hemispherical shell made of transversely isotropic material under the effect of thermal, pressure and mechanical load. Seth's transition theory and generalized strain measure are used for finding the governing equation. Mathematical modelling is based on stress–strain relation and equilibrium equation. Analytical solutions are presented for the hemispherical shell made of transversely isotropic material and isotropic material. The effects of different pertinent parameters (i.e., temperature, pressure and load) are considered for the spherical shell made of transversely isotropic material. The behaviour of stress distribution, mechanical load, pressure rise, and temperature distribution are investigated. From the obtained results, it is noticed that carbon fiber material hemispherical shell requires higher pressure at the internal surface in comparison to magnesium/polypropylene material. With the introduction of mechanical load, the value of pressure decreases at the internal surface, but reverse results are obtained in the case of thermal condition for the hemispherical shell made of carbon fiber/magnesium/polypropylene material. By applying thermal condition, the hemispherical shell made of carbon fiber material requires maximum hoop stress at the external surface as compared to the magnesium/polypropylene material. The transversely isotropic material hemispherical shell more convenient than that of isotropic material hemispherical shell. Results have been discussed numerically and graphically.
Robots as My Future Colleagues: Changing Attitudes Toward Collaborative Robots by Means of Experience-Based Workshops
Authors: Leoste Janika , Viik Tõnu , López José San Martín , Kangur Mihkel , Vunder Veiko , Mollard Yoan , Õun Tiia , Tammo Henri , Paekivi Kristian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence-driven robots are increasingly being introduced in various workplaces. Research implies that people’s negative attitudes toward intelligent and collaborative robots might hinder their willingness to use them. We propose that interactive educational activities such as specialized workshops help people to overcome such negative attitudes. We designed a two-day workshop that introduced two quasi-industrial robots (Poppy Ergo Jr and ClearBot) to 16 university students. Students’ attitudes were qualitatively measured before and after the workshop. The results imply that the workshop helped students to increase their understanding of the nature of the intelligent collaborative robots. More precisely, robots became to be seen as empowering tools, rather than friends or enemies. Interestingly, there were significant gender differences, as the female participants had a greater tendency to view robots as animated objects. We concluded that specialized workshops effectively lead participants to become aware of various promising opportunities for their robotic co-workers in the possible future.
Convergence Towards the Vlasov–Poisson Equation from the N-Fermionic Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Chen Li , Lee Jinyeop , Liew Matthew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the quantum dynamics of N interacting fermions in the large N limit. The particles in the system interact with each other via repulsive interaction that is regularized Coulomb potential with a polynomial cutoff with respect to N. From the quantum system, we derive the Vlasov–Poisson system by simultaneously estimating the semiclassical and mean-field residues in terms of the Husimi measure.
Complete Gradient Estimates of Quantum Markov Semigroups
Authors: Wirth Melchior , Zhang Haonan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this article we introduce a complete gradient estimate for symmetric quantum Markov semigroups on von Neumann algebras equipped with a normal faithful tracial state, which implies semi-convexity of the entropy with respect to the recently introduced noncommutative 2-Wasserstein distance. We show that this complete gradient estimate is stable under tensor products and free products and establish its validity for a number of examples. As an application we prove a complete modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality with optimal constant for Poisson-type semigroups on free group factors.
Evolution and enrichment of CYP5035 in Polyporales: functionality of an understudied P450 family
Authors: Fessner Nico D. , Nelson David R. , Glieder Anton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBioprospecting for innovative basidiomycete cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) is highly desirable due to the fungi’s enormous enzymatic repertoire and outstanding ability to degrade lignin and detoxify various xenobiotics. While fungal metagenomics is progressing rapidly, the biocatalytic potential of the majority of these annotated P450 sequences usually remains concealed, although functional profiling identified several P450 families with versatile substrate scopes towards various natural products. Functional knowledge about the CYP5035 family, for example, is largely insufficient. In this study, the families of the putative P450 sequences of the four white-rot fungiPolyporus arcularius,Polyporus brumalis,Polyporus squamosusandLentinus tigrinuswere assigned, and the CYPomes revealed an unusual enrichment of CYP5035, CYP5136 and CYP5150. By computational analysis of the phylogeny of the former two P450 families, the evolution of their enrichment could be traced back to theGanodermamacrofungus, indicating their evolutionary benefit. In order to address the knowledge gap on CYP5035 functionality, a representative subgroup of this P450 family ofP.arculariuswas expressed and screened against a test set of substrates. Thereby, the multifunctional enzyme CYP5035S7 converting several plant natural product classes was discovered. Aligning CYP5035S7 to 102,000 putative P450 sequences of 36 fungal species from Joint Genome Institute-provided genomes located hundreds of further CYP5035 family members, which subfamilies were classified if possible. Exemplified by these specific enzyme analyses, this study gives valuable hints for future bioprospecting of such xenobiotic-detoxifying P450s and for the identification of their biocatalytic potential.Graphical abstractKey points•The P450 families CYP5035 and CYP5136 are unusually enriched in P.arcularius.•Functional screening shows CYP5035 assisting in the fungal detoxification mechanism.•Some Polyporales encompass an unusually large repertoire of detoxification P450s.
Evaluation of potential tissue heating during percutaneous drill-assisted bone sampling in an in vivo porcine study
Authors: Niehues Stefan M. , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Bresssem Keno K. , Hamm Bernd , Erxleben Christoph , Vahldiek Janis , Adams Lisa C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive, battery-powered drilling systems have become the preferred tool for obtaining representative samples from bone lesions. However, the heat generated during battery-powered bone drilling for bone biopsies has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Thermal necrosis can occur if the bone temperature exceeds a critical threshold for a certain period of time.

Purpose
To investigate heat production as a function of femur temperature during and after battery-powered percutaneous bone drilling in a porcine in vivo model.

Methods
We performed 16 femur drillings in 13 domestic pigs with an average age of 22 weeks and an average body temperature of 39.7 °C, using a battery-powered drilling system and an intraosseous temperature monitoring device. The standardized duration of the drilling procedure was 20 s. The bone core specimens obtained were embedded in 4% formalin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and sent for pathological analysis of tissue quality and signs of thermal damage.

Results
No significant changes in the pigs’ local temperature were observed after bone drilling with a battery-powered drill device. Across all measurements, the median change in temperature between the initial measurement and the temperature measured after drilling (at 20 s) was 0.1 °C. Histological examination of the bone core specimens revealed no signs of mechanical or thermal damage.

Conclusion
Overall, this preliminary study shows that battery-powered, drill-assisted harvesting of bone core specimens does not appear to cause mechanical or thermal damage.
Implementierung eines sektorenübergreifenden Gesamtversorgungskonzeptes
Authors: Purwins Daniel , Roes Martina 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAufgrund einer gestiegenen Nachfrage nach ambulanten Leistungen von älteren Menschen aus der unmittelbaren Nähe zu seinen stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen erweiterte ein Träger sein (teil-)stationäres Pflegeangebot um ambulante Leistungen. Für die Realisierung einer solchen strategischen Neuausrichtung kommt es neben einer Orientierung an dem Wandlungsbedarf und der Wandlungsfähigkeit insbesondere auf die Wandlungsbereitschaft der Mitarbeiter des Trägers an.Ziel der SekundärdatenanalyseIdentifikation von Faktoren, welche den Wandlungsbedarf, die Wandlungsfähigkeit und die Wandlungsbereitschaft der Mitarbeiter beeinflusst haben. Der Fokus dieses Artikels liegt auf der Wandlungsbereitschaft der Mitarbeiter.Material und MethodenBasierend auf 32 leitfadengestützten (Einzel- bzw. Fokusgruppen‑)Interviews, die im Zeitraum von 2016 bis 2018 zu 3 verschiedenen Zeitpunkten mit 3 verschiedenen Mitarbeitergruppen des Trägers geführt wurden, erfolgte eine Sekundärdatenanalyse mittels inhaltlich-strukturierender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse.ErgebnisseDie Wandlungsbereitschaft der Mitarbeiter wurde durch folgende Faktoren beeinflusst: Die situationsunabhängige Veränderungsbereitschaft, die bewusste Entscheidung für das stationäre Setting, die Idee des Gesamtversorgungskonzeptes (GVK), die Umsetzung des GVK, die Leistungsempfänger, sowie Vorerfahrungen in der ambulanten Pflege.DiskussionDie Ergebnisse bieten Einblicke dahingehend, welche Faktoren die Wandlungsbereitschaft von Mitarbeitern beeinflusst haben und, bezogen auf die Ausgestaltung vergleichbarer Veränderungsprozesse, zu berücksichtigen sind.
Measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) are affected by junctional length in immature epithelial monolayers
Authors: Felix Kannapin , Tobias Schmitz , Jan Hansmann , Nicolas Schlegel , Michael Meir 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a common technique to determine the barrier integrity of epithelial cell monolayers. However, it is remarkable that absolute TEER values of similar cell types cultured under comparable conditions show an immense heterogeneity. Based on previous observations, we hypothesized that the heterogeneity of absolute TEER measurements can not only be explained by maturation of junctional proteins but rather by dynamics in the absolute length of cell junctions within monolayers. Therefore, we analyzed TEER in epithelial cell monolayers of Caco2 cells during their differentiation, with special emphasis on both changes in the junctional complex and overall cell morphology within monolayers. We found that in epithelial Caco2 monolayers TEER increased until confluency, then decreased for some time, which was then followed by an additional increase during junctional differentiation. In contrast, permeability of macromolecules measured at different time points as 4 kDA fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran flux across monolayers steadily decreased during this time. Detailed analysis suggested that this observation could be explained by alterations of junctional length along the cell borders within monolayers during differentiation. In conclusion, these observations confirmed that changes in cell numbers and consecutive increase of junctional length have a critical impact on TEER values, especially at stages of early confluency when junctions are immature.
Recontacting in medical genetics: the implications of a broadening knowledge base
Authors: Doheny Shane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe practice of recontacting patients has a long history in medicine but emerged as an issue in genetics as the rapid expansion of knowledge and of testing capacity raised questions about whether, when and how to recontact patients. Until recently, the debate on recontacting has focussed on theoretical concerns of experts. The publication of empirical research into the views of patients, clinicians, laboratories and services in a number of countries has changed this. These studies have filled out, and altered our view of, this issue. Whereas debates on the duty to recontact have explored all aspects of recontact practice, recent contributions have been developing a more nuanced view of recontacting. The result is a narrowing of the scope of the duty, so that a norm on recontacting focuses on the practice of reaching out to discharged patients. This brings into focus the importance of the consent conversation, the resource implications of this duty, and the role of the patient in recontacting.