bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGNIFS survey of local AGN: GMOS-IFU data and outflows in 30 sources
Authors: Ruschel-Dutra D , Storchi-Bergmann T , Schnorr-Müller A , Riffel R A , Dall’Agnol de Oliveira B , Lena D , Robinson A , Nagar N , Elvis M 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse optical data cubes of the inner kiloparsec of 30 local (z ≤ 0.02) active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts that our research group, AGNIFS, has collected over the past decade via observations with the integral field units of the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs. Spatial resolutions range between 50 and 300 pc and spectral coverage is from 4800 or 5600 to 7000 Å, at velocity resolutions of ≈50 $\rm ~km~s^{-1}$. We derive maps of the gas excitation and kinematics, and determine the AGN ionization axis – which has random orientation relative to the galaxy – and the kinematic major axes of the emitting gas. We find that rotation dominates the gas kinematics in most cases, but is disturbed by the presence of inflows and outflows. Outflows have been found in 21 nuclei, usually along the ionization axis. The gas velocity dispersion is traced by W80 (velocity width encompassing 80 per cent of the line flux), adopted as a tracer of outflows. In seven sources, W80 is enhanced perpendicularly to the ionization axis, indicating lateral expansion of the outflow. We have estimated mass-outflow rates $\dot{M}$ and powers $\dot{E}$, finding median values of $\log \, [\dot{M}/({\rm \, M_\odot \, yr^{-1}})]=-2.1_{-1.0}^{+1.6}$ and $\log \, [\dot{E}/({\rm \, erg\, s^{-1}})]=38.5_{-0.9}^{+1.8}$, respectively. Both quantities show a mild correlation with the AGN luminosity (LAGN). $\dot{E}$ is of the order of 0.01 LAGN for four sources, but much lower for the majority (nine) of the sources, with a median value of $\log \, [\dot{E}/L_{\rm AGN} ]=-5.34_{-0.9}^{+3.2}$, indicating that typical outflows in the local Universe are unlikely to significantly impact their host galaxy evolution.
Neurosurgical resection for locally recurrent brain metastasis
Authors: Hulsbergen Alexander F C , Abunimer Abdullah M , Ida Fidelia , Kavouridis Vasileios K , Cho Logan D , Tewarie Ishaan A , Mekary Rania A , Schucht Philippe , Phillips John G , Verhoeff Joost J C , Broekman Marike L D , Smith Timothy R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
In patients with locally recurrent brain metastases (LRBMs), the role of (repeat) craniotomy is controversial. This study aimed to analyze long-term oncological outcomes in this heterogeneous population.

Methods
Craniotomies for LRBM were identified from a tertiary neuro-oncological institution. First, we assessed overall survival (OS) and intracranial control (ICC) stratified by molecular profile, prognostic indices, and multimodality treatment. Second, we compared LRBMs to propensity score-matched patients who underwent craniotomy for newly diagnosed brain metastases (NDBM).

Results
Across 180 patients, median survival after LRBM resection was 13.8 months and varied by molecular profile, with &gt;24 months survival in ALK/EGFR+ lung adenocarcinoma and HER2+ breast cancer. Furthermore, 102 patients (56.7%) experienced intracranial recurrence; median time to recurrence was 5.6 months. Compared to NDBMs (n = 898), LRBM patients were younger, more likely to harbor a targetable mutation and less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (P &lt; 0.05). After 1:3 propensity matching stratified by molecular profile, LRBM patients generally experienced shorter OS (hazard ratio 1.67 and 1.36 for patients with or without a mutation, P &lt; 0.05) but similar ICC (hazard ratio 1.11 in both groups, P &gt; 0.20) compared to NDBM patients with similar baseline. Results across specific molecular subgroups suggested comparable effect directions of varying sizes.

Conclusions
In our data, patients with LRBMs undergoing craniotomy comprised a subgroup of brain metastasis patients with relatively favorable clinical characteristics and good survival outcomes. Recurrent status predicted shorter OS but did not impact ICC. Craniotomy could be considered in selected, prognostically favorable patients.
Complications Associated With Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion at L5-S1: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Pham Martin H , Hassan Omron , Diaz-Aguilar Luis Daniel , Lehman Ronald A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) at L5-S1, also known as a lateral decubitus anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) or anterior-to-psoas (ATP) approach, is a technique that provides a minimally invasive corridor to a key segment in the spine for degenerative conditions and deformity correction. However, the evaluation of complications associated with this level has been difficult as prior reports include other levels that have different anatomic considerations.

OBJECTIVE
To present a systematic review of previously reported cases of OLIF, lateral ALIF, and an ATP approach at L5-S1 to discuss their associated complications.

METHODS
Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a PubMed search was performed up to January 2021 to identify literature describing OLIF, lateral ALIF, and ATP approaches involving the L5-S1 levels. A quality assessment with risk of bias analysis was performed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) assessment tool for each study. Data we then extracted to identify all complications.

RESULTS
The initial search yielded 532 publications. After screening, there were 18 studies with 553 total patients who underwent OLIF including L5-S1. Analysis of these studies demonstrated a vascular complication rate of 2.5%, bowel-associated complication rate of 0.5%, ureteral injury rate of 0%, neurological injury rate of 1.9%, pseudarthrosis rate of 7.3%, and reoperation rate of 2.2%.

CONCLUSION
The L5-S1 level remains an important target for sagittal alignment in both degenerative and deformity surgery. The OLIF surgical corridor to this level presents special anatomic and clinical considerations and is a safe approach to minimize morbidity with minimally invasive access.
A Single Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase Is Sufficient for Generation of the XXXG Xylosylation Pattern of Xyloglucan
Authors: Zhong Ruiqin , Phillips Dennis R , Ye Zheng-Hua 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Xyloglucan is the most abundant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of dicots. Dicot xyloglucan is the XXXG type consisting of repeating units of three consecutive xylosylated Glc residues followed by one unsubstituted Glc. Its xylosylation is catalyzed by xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferases (XXTs) and there exist five XXTs (AtXXT1-5) in Arabidopsis. While AtXXT1 and AtXXT2 have been shown to add the first two Xyl residues in the XXXG repeat, which XXTs are responsible for the addition of the third Xyl residue remains elusive although AtXXT5 was a proposed candidate. In this report, we generated recombinant proteins of all five Arabidopsis XXTs and one rice XXT (OsXXT1) in the mammalian HEK293 cells and investigated their ability to sequentially xylosylate Glc residues to generate the XXXG xylosylation pattern. We found that like AtXXT1/2, AtXXT4 and OsXXT1 could efficiently xylosylate the cellohexaose (G6) acceptor to produce mono- and di-xylosylated G6, whereas AtXXT5 was only barely capable of adding one Xyl onto G6. When AtXXT1-catalyzed products were used as acceptors, AtXXT1/2/4 and OsXXT1, but not AtXXT5, were able to xylosylate additional Glc residues to generate tri- and tetra-xylosylated G6. Further characterization of the tri- and tetra-xylosylated G6 revealed that they had the sequence of GXXXGG and GXXXXG with three and four consecutive xylosylated Glc residues, respectively. In addition, we have found that although tri-xylosylation occurred on G6, cello-oligomers with a degree of polymerization of 3 to 5 could only be mono- and di-xylosylated. Together, these results indicate that each of AtXXT1/2/4 and OsXXT1 is capable of sequentially adding Xyl onto three contiguous Glc residues to generate the XXXG xylosylation pattern and these findings provide new insight into the biochemical mechanism underlying xyloglucan biosynthesis.
Hospital readmission in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary hypertension: Results from the PHAROS registry
Authors: Showalter Kimberly , Pinheiro Laura C , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Sobol Irina , Szymonifka Jackie , Finik Jackie , Steen Virginia D , Gordon Jessica K 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To identify individual-level factors associated with hospital readmission among individuals with SSc-associated pulmonary hypertension (SSc-PH).

Methods
Individuals enrolled in the Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma (PHAROS) registry contributed clinical data related to SSc-PH disease severity and hospital admissions. Readmission was defined as a subsequent hospitalization within 12 months of any hospital discharge. Characteristics were compared between individuals with and without readmissions using Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, or Kruskal–Wallis test. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between clinical predictors and likelihood of readmission.

Results
Of 572 individuals with SSc-PH enrolled in PHAROS, 54% had ≥1 hospitalizations between 2005 and 2016. Among individuals ever-hospitalized, 34% had ≥1 readmission. Individuals with vs without readmissions had shorter median (IQR) time between index hospitalization date and next PHAROS visit [37 (3, 80) vs 81 (42, 136) days, P &lt;0.001]. Index admissions related to PH or SSc (vs non-PH/SSc related) were associated with an increased odds of 12-month readmission [aOR 6.6 (95% CI 3.2, 13.6) and aOR 2.2 (95% CI 1.1, 4.5), respectively]. Readmission was less likely among home oxygen users (vs non-users) (aOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.22, 0.89). Race, age, sex, disease duration and disease subtype were not associated with readmission.

Conclusion
The strongest predictor for 12-month readmission was an index hospitalization reason related to PH. Home oxygen use was associated with lower odds of readmission. Future studies should determine whether testing for the need for home oxygen mediates the risk of readmission in SSc-PH.
Subjective loss of clinical response to TNFi in axSpA relates to recurrence of MRI bone marrow oedema particularly with long-acting agents
Authors: Harrison Stephanie R , Ansell Rebecca , Mathieson Hannah R , Merashli Mira , Busquets-Pérez Noemi , McGonagle Dennis , Marzo-Ortega Helena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Subjective loss of response immediately prior to routine TNFi therapy can occur in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). We investigated clinical outcomes in patients taking the first three licenced TNFis and correlated this with recurrence of MRI bone marrow oedema (MRI-BMO).

Methods
Proof-of-concept study including axSpA patients established on etanercept (ETA), adalimumab (ADA) or infliximab (IFX) reporting symptom deterioration prior to next dose. MRI/clinical data were collected prior to scheduled dose (v1), 4 days post-dose (v2) and at the time of patient-reported symptom return (v3). MRI spine/sacroiliac joints utilizing 3 T were scored using the semi-quantitative Leeds MRI scoring system.

Results
A total of 113 clinical assessments and MRIs were performed in 38 participants (ADA = 16, ETA = 12, IFX = 10), mean age 42.1 years ± 24.4(2SD, n = 38), 71.1% male (n = 27/38), 69.7% HLA-B27 positive (n = 23/33). At v1, all patients had high disease activity [ASDAS-CRP = 3 (2.7–3.7)] and 57.9% had MRI-BMO (number of MRI-BMO: ETA = 26, ADA = 59, IFX = 28). Improved clinical responses were seen at v2 [ASDAS-CRP −0.41(−0.81 − 0.30), P =0.018; BASDAI −0.58(−2.2 − 0.52), P =0.024]. Despite just a 4-day interval between v1 and v2, a numerical reduction in MRI-BMO lesions between v1/v2 was observed (ETA = −6, ADA = −10, IFX = −3). By v3, comparatively fewer new BMO lesions were detected in the ETA and ADA groups compared with IFX (ETA = −1, ADA = +3, IFX = +8), although the numbers were too small to enable testing for statistical significance.

Conclusions
Short-lived fluctuations in MRI-BMO were commoner with longer-acting agents and corresponded with subjective loss of clinical response before next scheduled TNFi dose. Larger studies are needed to confirm the possible pathogenic implications of this phenomenon.
Hand Dermatitis among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Frequency and Factors
Authors: Aydın Ayla İrem , Atak Meryem , Özyazıcıoğlu Nurcan , Dalkızan Vahit 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the frequency of hand dermatitis among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting its prevalence.

METHODS
The research sample consisted of 175 nurses working in state hospitals. Research data were collected via Google survey between September and October 2020. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data collection form, and a self-assessment form was used to determine dermatologic symptoms.

RESULTS
The frequency of hand dermatitis among nurses was 70.9%. A statistically significant difference was found between sex, allergy history, and increased frequency of handwashing and the frequency of hand dermatitis. No significant difference in terms of the frequency of hand dermatitis was found between nurses who provided care to patients who were COVID-19 positive versus nurses who provided care to patients who were COVID-19 negative. However, the frequency of washing hands and using hand disinfectants and hand creams was found to have increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the prepandemic period.

CONCLUSIONS
The frequency of hand dermatitis increased among nurses during the pandemic. The increased frequency of handwashing during the pandemic poses a risk for hand dermatitis among nurses, although this should not discourage nurses from appropriate hygiene.
Evaluating Leadership Behaviors and Patient Safety Competencies During a Timed Multiple-Patient Simulation
Authors: Darby Wendy , DeFoor Melissa , Brown Neysa , Kirkman Tera 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A digital count-up clock was incorporated into a multiple-patient simulation that required nursing students to respond to laboratory values and administer medications in a timely fashion. This study utilized observational methodology to analyze student response times and leadership behaviors. Results indicated a count-up clock can be utilized to assess attainment of patient safety competencies. Leadership behaviors observed included time management and collaboration. Utilization of the count-up clock enabled faculty to determine that quality and safety measures were being achieved. This pilot study sets precedence for more rigorous research to measure nursing student competencies where time matters.
Entrustment Decision Making in the Core Entrustable Professional Activities: Results of a Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Brown David R. , Moeller Jeremy J. , Grbic Douglas , Biskobing Diane M. , Crowe Ruth , Cutrer William B. , Green Michael L. , Obeso Vivian T. , Wagner Dianne P. , Warren Jamie B. , Yingling Sandra L. , Andriole Dorothy A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges defined 13 Core Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) that all graduating students should be ready to do with indirect supervision upon entering residency and commissioned a 10-school, 5-year pilot to test implementing the Core EPAs framework. In 2019, pilot schools convened trained entrustment groups (TEGs) to review assessment data and render theoretical summative entrustment decisions for class of 2019 graduates. Results were examined to determine the extent to which entrustment decisions could be made and the nature of these decisions.

Method
For each EPA considered (4–13 per student), TEGs recorded an entrustment determination (ready, progressing but not yet ready, evidence against student progressing, could not make a decision); confidence in that determination (none, low, moderate, high); and the number of workplace-based assessments (WBAs) considered (0–>15) per determination. These individual student-level data were de-identified and merged into a multischool database; chi-square analysis tested the significance of associations between variables.

Results
The 2,415 EPA-specific determinations (for 349 students by 4 participating schools) resulted in a decision of ready (n = 997/2,415; 41.3%), progressing but not yet ready (n = 558/2,415; 23.1%), or evidence against student progression (n = 175/2,415; 7.2%). No decision could be made for the remaining 28.4% (685/2,415), generally for lack of data. Entrustment determinations’ distribution varied across EPAs (chi-square P < .001) and, for 10/13 EPAs, WBA availability was associated with making (vs not making) entrustment decisions (each chi-square P < .05).

Conclusions
TEGs were able to make many decisions about readiness for indirect supervision; yet less than half of determinations resulted in a decision of readiness to perform this EPA with indirect supervision. More work is needed at the 10 schools to enable authentic summative entrustment in the Core EPAs framework.
Nonpharmacologic Pain Management Among Hospitalized Inpatients
Authors: Powers Mark B. , Carl Emily , Levihn-Coon Andrew , Van Veldhuizen Melissa , Caven Andrew , Pogue Jamie , Fresnedo Michelle , Turner Emma D. , Adams Maris , Leonard Kiara , Conroy Haley , Lantrip Crystal , Caven Thomas , Isbell Claire , Regner Justin , Garmon Emily , Foreman Michael , Miller Wayne , Fares Lorie A. , Carlbring Per , Otto Michael W. , Weiss Daniel N. , Hughes James , Bernhardt Jay M. , Roy Rob , Oh Jeeyun , Copt Ryan , MacClements Jonathan , Warren Ann M. , Rosenfield Benjamin , Rosenfield David , Minns Sean , Telch Michael J. , Smits Jasper A.J. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Nonpharmacologic pain management strategies are needed because of the growing opioid epidemic. While studies have examined the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) for pain reduction, there is little research in adult inpatient settings, and no studies comparing the relative efficacy of standard animated computer-generated imagery (CGI) VR to Video Capture VR (360 degrees 3D/stereoscopic Video Capture VR). Here, we report on a randomized controlled trial of the relative efficacy of standard CGI VR versus Video Capture VR (matched for content) and also compared the overall efficacy of VR to a waitlist control group.

Materials and Methods:
Participants (N=103 hospitalized inpatients reporting pain) were randomized to 1 of 3 conditions: (1) waitlist control, (2) CGI VR, or (3) Video Capture VR. The VR and waitlist conditions were 10 minutes in length. Outcomes were assessed pretreatment, post-treatment, and after a brief follow-up.

Results:
Consistent with hypotheses, both VR conditions reduced pain significantly more relative to the waitlist control condition (d=1.60, P<0.001) and pain reductions were largely maintained at the brief follow-up assessment. Both VR conditions reduced pain by ∼50% and led to improvements in mood, anxiety, and relaxation. Contrary to prediction, the Video Capture VR condition was not significantly more effective at reducing pain relative to the CGI VR condition (d=0.25, P=0.216). However, as expected, patients randomized to the Video Capture VR rated their experience as more positive and realistic (d=0.78, P=0.002).

Discussion:
Video Capture VR was as effective as CGI VR for pain reduction and was rated as more realistic.
Pain Catastrophizing Throughout the Perioperative Period in Adolescents With Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Chabot Bianca , Sweatman Hilary , Ocay Don D. , Premachandran Shajenth , Roy Mathieu , Ferland Catherine E. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives:
Pain catastrophizing in children and adolescents has been associated to unfavorable postsurgical outcomes. However, pain catastrophizing is rarely measured throughout the perioperative period. Using a prospective longitudinal approach, the present study aimed to identify how pain catastrophizing changes over the perioperative period in pediatric surgical patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Materials and Methods:
Adolescent patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children and additional questionnaires to assess pain intensity, state and trait anxiety, and kinesiophobia before surgery, and 1, 2, 5 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery.

Results:
Patients who had higher levels of pain catastrophizing before surgery were more likely to be anxious, avoid activity that may cause pain, report higher pain intensity before surgery and anticipate more pain after surgery. Low pain catastrophizers increased into a moderate level of pain catastrophizing before decreasing after discharge from the hospital. Meanwhile, moderate and high pain catastrophizers both decreased into lower and moderate levels of catastrophizing, respectively, after discharge from the hospital.

Discussion:
These findings demonstrate that pain catastrophizing in adolescents changes over the perioperative period. Observing changes in pain catastrophizing throughout the perioperative period may help in recognizing when patients are most vulnerable during this time. Decreasing pain catastrophizing before surgery or in the acute postoperative period through therapies that target pain catastrophizing may help reduce the patient’s likelihood of experiencing unfavorable postoperative outcomes.
Safety of Epidural Steroid Injections for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain
Authors: Cohen Steven P. , Greuber Emileigh , Vought Kip , Lissin Dmitri 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are a commonly utilized treatment for lumbosacral radicular pain caused by intervertebral disc herniation or stenosis. Although effective in certain patient populations, ESIs have been associated with serious complications, including paralysis and death. In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety warning on the risk of injecting corticosteroids into the epidural space. The aims of this article were to review the neurological complications associated with ESIs and to compare the formulations, safety, and effectiveness of commercially available corticosteroids given by transforaminal, interlaminar, or caudal injection.

Methods:
Serious adverse events associated with ESIs were identified by a search of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. A MEDLINE search of the literature was conducted to identify clinical trials comparing the safety and effectiveness of nonparticulate and particulate corticosteroid formulations.

Results:
Neurological complications with ESIs were rare and more often associated with the use of particulate corticosteroids administered by transforaminal injection. Among the 10 comparative-effectiveness studies reviewed, 7 found nonparticulate steroids had comparable efficacy to particulate steroids, and 3 studies suggested reduced efficacy or shorter duration of effect for nonparticulate steroids.

Discussion:
The risk of complications for transforaminal ESI is greater with particulate corticosteroids. Nonparticulate corticosteroids, which are often recommended as first-line therapy, may have a short duration of effect, and many commercial formulations contain neurotoxic preservatives. The safety profile of ESIs may continue to improve with the development of safer, sterile formulations that reduce the risk of complications while maintaining efficacy.