bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the permittivity of titanium dioxide
Authors: Bonkerud Julie , Zimmermann Christian , Weiser Philip Michael , Vines Lasse , Monakhov Eduard V. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConductive rutile TiO2 has received considerable attention recently due to multiple applications. However, the permittivity in conductive, reduced or doped TiO2 appears to cause controversy with reported values in the range 100–10,000. In this work, we propose a method for measurements of the permittivity in conductive, n-type TiO2 that involves: (i) hydrogen ion-implantation to form a donor concentration peak at a known depth, and (ii) capacitance–voltage measurements for donor profiling. We cannot confirm the claims stating an extremely high permittivity of single crystalline TiO2. On the contrary, the permittivity of conductive, reduced single crystalline TiO2 is similar to that of insulating TiO2 established previously, with a Curie–Weiss type temperature dependence and the values in the range 160–240 along with the c-axis.
Swedish intrauterine growth reference ranges for estimated fetal weight
Authors: Lindström Linda , Ageheim Mårten , Axelsson Ove , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Skalkidou Alkistis , Wikström Anna-Karin , Bergman Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFetal growth restriction is a strong risk factor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Reliable standards are indispensable, both to assess fetal growth and to evaluate birthweight and early postnatal growth in infants born preterm. The aim of this study was to create updated Swedish reference ranges for estimated fetal weight (EFW) from gestational week 12–42. This prospective longitudinal multicentre study included 583 women without known conditions causing aberrant fetal growth. Each woman was assigned a randomly selected protocol of five ultrasound scans from gestational week 12 + 3 to 41 + 6. Hadlock’s 3rd formula was used to estimate fetal weight. A two-level hierarchical regression model was employed to calculate the expected median and variance, expressed in standard deviations and percentiles, for EFW. EFW was higher for males than females. The reference ranges were compared with the presently used Swedish, and international reference ranges. Our reference ranges had higher EFW than the presently used Swedish reference ranges from gestational week 33, and higher median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from gestational week 24 compared with INTERGROWTH-21st. The new reference ranges can be used both for assessment of intrauterine fetal weight and growth, and early postnatal growth in children born preterm.
The impact of fluid resuscitation via colon on patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ni Tongtian , Chen Ying , Zhao Bing , Ma Li , Yao Yi , Chen Erzhen , Zhou Weijun , Mao Enqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a life-threatening disease. Fluid Resuscitation Via Colon (FRVC) may be a complementary therapy for early controlled fluid resuscitation. But its clinical application has not been reported. This study aims to explore the impact of FRVC on SAP. All SAP patients with the first onset within 72 h admitted to the hospital were included from January 2014 to December 2018 through electronic databases of Ruijin hospital and were divided into FRVC group (n = 103) and non-FRVC group (n = 78). The clinical differences before and after the therapy between the two groups were analyzed. Of the 181 patients included in the analysis, the FRVC group received more fluid volume and reached the endpoint of blood volume expansion ahead of the non-FRVC group. After the early fluid resuscitation, the inflammation indicators in the FRVC group were lower. The rate of mechanical ventilation and the incidence of hypernatremia also decreased significantly. Using pure water for FRVC was more helpful to reduce hypernatremia. However, Kaplan–Meier 90-day survival between the two groups showed no difference. These results suggest that the combination of FRVC might benefit SAP patients in the early stage of fluid resuscitation, but there is no difference between the prognosis of SAP patients and that of conventional fluid resuscitation. Further prospective study is needed to evaluate the effect of FRVC on SAP patients.
Effects of curcumin on the bioavailability of dioxin-like pollutants in rats
Authors: Cai Delei , Chen Qing , Han Jianlong , Song Yanhua , Meng Zhen , Zheng Yibin , Shen Haitao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effects of curcumin on the bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were investigated in Sprague–Dawley rats. Tetra- and penta-chlorinated PCDFs had the lowest bioavailability and hexa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs had the highest, while there was no obvious change in that of DL-PCBs. Curcumin markedly reduced the toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PCDD/Fs in rats, illustrating the potential to competitively inhibit absorption of PCDD/Fs by the epithelial cells of the small intestine due to the similar chemical structure (diphenyl) between curcumin and PCDD/Fs. Moreover, curcumin lowered the TEQ of DL-PCBs in the liver of male rats, but not female rats. The significant decrease in the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs demonstrates the potential detoxification mechanisms of curcumin.
Insights into the genomic evolution of insects from cricket genomes
Authors: Ylla Guillem , Nakamura Taro , Itoh Takehiko , Kajitani Rei , Toyoda Atsushi , Tomonari Sayuri , Bando Tetsuya , Ishimaru Yoshiyasu , Watanabe Takahito , Fuketa Masao , Matsuoka Yuji , Barnett Austen A. , Noji Sumihare , Mito Taro , Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMost of our knowledge of insect genomes comes from Holometabolous species, which undergo complete metamorphosis and have genomes typically under 2 Gb with little signs of DNA methylation. In contrast, Hemimetabolous insects undergo the presumed ancestral process of incomplete metamorphosis, and have larger genomes with high levels of DNA methylation. Hemimetabolous species from the Orthopteran order (grasshoppers and crickets) have some of the largest known insect genomes. What drives the evolution of these unusual insect genome sizes, remains unknown. Here we report the sequencing, assembly and annotation of the 1.66-Gb genome of the Mediterranean field cricketGryllus bimaculatus, and the annotation of the 1.60-Gb genome of the Hawaiian cricketLaupala kohalensis. We compare these two cricket genomes with those of 14 additional insects and find evidence that hemimetabolous genomes expanded due to transposable element activity. Based on the ratio of observed to expected CpG sites, we find higher conservation and stronger purifying selection of methylated genes than non-methylated genes. Finally, our analysis suggests an expansion of thepickpocketclass V gene family in crickets, which we speculate might play a role in the evolution of cricket courtship, including their characteristic chirping.
Exploring the octanol–water partition coefficient dataset using deep learning techniques and data augmentation
Authors: Ulrich Nadin , Goss Kai-Uwe , Ebert Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractToday more and more data are freely available. Based on these big datasets deep neural networks (DNNs) rapidly gain relevance in computational chemistry. Here, we explore the potential of DNNs to predict chemical properties from chemical structures. We have selected the octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) as an example, which plays an essential role in environmental chemistry and toxicology but also in chemical analysis. The predictive performance of the developed DNN is good with an rmse of 0.47 log units in the test dataset and an rmse of 0.33 for an external dataset from the SAMPL6 challenge. To this end, we trained the DNN using data augmentation considering all potential tautomeric forms of the chemicals. We further demonstrate how DNN models can help in the curation of the log P dataset by identifying potential errors, and address limitations of the dataset itself.
Double α,α CH bond insertion into sp3 CH2 moiety: synthesis of a Fe carbene bis-hydride dinitrogen complex
Authors: Petit Julien , Cavaillé Anthony , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Fustier-Boutignon Marie , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: June 2021

Reduction of [(κ2-P, P′-PCH2PCy)FeCl2] 2 by two electrons under N2 resulted in the formation of two isomeric low spin diamagnetic complexes 3trans and 3cis [Fe(κ3-P,C,P′-PCPCy)(H)2(N2)] via two successive CH bond insertions.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: New Research Insights on Infant Sucking and Feeding Development
Authors: Martens Alaina , Zimmerman Emily 
Published: June 2021

PurposeBronchopulmonary dysplasia, or BPD, is a serious lung condition that mostly affects premature newborns who need prolonged oxygen therapy. Certain factors place infants at risk for developing BPD, including lung immaturity, poor nutrition, and need for mechanical ventilation as well as mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension and maternal infection. Given that breathing is the foundation for sucking and feeding behaviors, infants with BPD have difficulty coordinating the suck–swallow–breathe pattern needed for successful feeding. This review article examines the current research on oral feeding in this population and clinical implications for speech-language pathologists.ConclusionBy reviewing oral feeding and its relation to cardiorespiratory support, suck–swallow–breathe coordination, bottle-feeding behaviors, and gastroesophageal reflux, speech-language pathologists will gain valuable insights into current research findings, possible interventions, and suggestions for clinical practice when working with infants with BPD.
miRNA-483–5p Targets HDCA4 to Regulate Renal Tubular Damage
in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Liu Lu , Chen Huanzhen , Yun Jie , Song Liqun , Ma Xiaopeng , Luo Shan , Song Yexu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-483–5p in
diabetic nephropathy (DN), and its effect and mechanism on apoptosis and
inflammation of human proximal renal tubular cells (HK2) induced by high glucose
(HG). Thirty healthy controls, 30 types 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and
28 DN patients were enrolled. miR-483–5p mRNA levels in serum were
analyzed by RT-qPCR assays. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC)
was used to analyze the diagnostic value of miR-483–5p in DN. HK2 cells
were induced by HG to establish an in vitro study model. CCK-8 and flow
cytometry was used to detect cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation. Inflammation levels were measured by ELISA. Luciferase
reporter assay was used to detect target genes of miR-483–5p.
miR-483–5p was decreased in DN patients. The decreased level of
miR-483–5p was positively correlated with estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR) and negatively correlated with proteinuria.
miR-483–5p can significantly distinguish DN patients from healthy
controls and T2DM and has a high diagnostic value. miR-483–5p decreased
in HK2 cells induced by HG, and overexpression of miR-483–5p reversed
HG-induced decreased cell activity, increased apoptosis, ROS production, and
inflammation. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDCA4) was markedly increased in DN
patients and HG-induced HK2 cells. miR-483–5p directly targeted HDCA4,
and increasing miR-483–5p inhibited HDCA4 increased in HG-induced HK2.
In conclusion, the results indicate that reduction of miR-483–5p has a
high diagnostic value in DN, and overexpression of miR-483–5p has a
certain protective effect on HK2 cells induced by HG by targeting HDCA4.
Oral Cavity: A Forensic Kaleidoscope
Authors: Darwin Deepthi , Sakthivel Soundarya , Castelino Renita Lorina , Babu Gogineni Subhas , Asan Mohamed Faizal , Sarkar Anand Shankar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractForensic odontology is an integral part of the multidisciplinary field of forensic sciences that requires specialized training and perceptive knowledge for its application in full potential. Forensic odontology deals with the evidence pertaining to the oral and paraoral structures. Dentists are equipped with knowledge of orofacial structures and their variations prevailing among different ancestry. By implicating the history of dental treatments to the identification process, dentists extract unique and accurate information that aids in forensic identification. Crimes such as child abuse and domestic violence are often identified by the dentists during routine dental examinations and this can be used as an evidence to discern malefactors in such cases. This article provides a collective review of applications and methods in forensic odontology that helps legal authorities in the identification of individuals.
Long-read sequencing revealed cooccurrence, host range, and potential mobility of antibiotic resistome in cow feces
Authors: Qian Xun , Gunturu Santosh , Sun Wei , Cole James R. , Norby Bo , Gu Jie , Tiedje James M. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Estimating risk from environmental resistome is hindered by the lack of data on its mobility and host range, as well as whether it is likely functional. We developed an enrichment and analysis method using long-read sequencing technologies to link resistome and mobilome and correlate these with host range using a sample representative of an environmental source that had exposure to a medically important antibiotic. The long reads provide for detection of complete genes, direct evidence for their physical linkages important for assessing coselection, their chromosomal or plasmid location, and their likely hosts. The antibiotic-resistance gene, host, and potential transmissibility information can be assessed in the context of WHO-identified targets of concern and more directly contribute to the One Health vision.
Electrochemical quantification of accelerated FADGDH rates in aqueous nanodroplets
Authors: Vannoy Kathryn J. , Lee Inyoung , Sode Koji , Dick Jeffrey E. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceFor centuries, scientists have assumed that chemical reactivity in bulk, continuous water is conserved at all levels in nature, from reactions in the ocean to enzymatic digestion in a lysosome. There is growing evidence using mass spectrometry that chemical reaction rates are enhanced by orders of magnitude in micro- and nanodroplets. In this study, we use nanoelectrochemistry to track the enzymatic oxidation of glucose in single attoliter (10−18L) aqueous nanodroplets, one nanodroplet at a time. When a nanodroplet irreversibly adsorbs onto an ultramicroelectrode surface, the enzymatic reaction can be traced due to the electrochemical regeneration of the enzyme cofactor. We demonstrate the enzymatic reaction rate increases up to 100× for nanodroplets under 1 μm in radius.
A single-cell–resolution fate map of endoderm reveals demarcation of pancreatic progenitors by cell cycle
Authors: Yang Yun , Wang Hao , He Jia , Shi Wenchao , Jiang Zhanmei , Gao Lina , Jiang Yan , Ni Rui , Yang Qifen , Luo Lingfei 
Published: June 2021

Significance
During embryonic development, an early-stage progenitor cell could generate different types of descendant cells. Developmental biologists keep dreaming of making all the descendant cell types generated by each early-stage progenitor cell clear. Here, we focus on one germ layer, the endoderm. Early foregut endoderm generates foregut digestive organs, including the pancreas, liver, and digestive tract. The central point of this work is the establishment of a full-coverage, single-cell–resolution fate map of zebrafish early foregut endoderm through unbiased labeling of every single endodermal progenitor cell and tracing its descendant cells. Based on the maps, we reveal a link of the cell cycle state and pancreatic fate propensity, providing an example of how the maps could facilitate understanding cell fate determination.
Groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands and the disrupting effect of anthropogenically altered streamflow
Authors: Rohde Melissa M. , Stella John C. , Roberts Dar A. , Singer Michael Bliss 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Riparian ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots under intense pressure from multiple stressors. In most water-limited regions, high human water use from agricultural and urban development eclipses environmental water needs and intensifies ecosystem water stress. In particular, adequate consideration of riparian water needs in water resource management is lacking. Here, we show that in California, riparian vegetation exhibit: 1) seasonal canopy stress responses to deeper groundwater, and 2) greater groundwater coupling along streams with natural flow regimes compared with anthropogenically altered streams. We conclude that water subsidies in altered stream systems reduce groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands, undermine their adaptations and resilience to natural hydrologic variation, and ultimately threaten their sustainability under dual threats of increased water demand and a changing climate.
De novo determination of near-surface electrostatic potentials by NMR
Authors: Yu Binhan , Pletka Channing C. , Pettitt B. Montgomery , Iwahara Junji 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Electrostatic potentials are important information for our understanding of biomolecular functions as well as for protein engineering and drug design. Typically, electrostatic potentials around biomolecules are computed from three-dimensional structures. However, the theory behind this computation is approximate with some limitations. Validation of the electrostatic theory through experiments is therefore essential yet remains inadequate. This paper presents a unique spectroscopic method to experimentally determine electrostatic potentials near the molecular surfaces without using any structural information. This method allows for examination of theoretical electrostatic potentials for many different regions of biomolecules. Structure-independent determination of electrostatic potentials for various biomolecular systems may lead to improvement of theoretical models, which would ultimately have broad impacts on basic research and pharmaceutical development.
Sensing of intracellular Hcp levels controls T6SS expression in
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Manera Kevin , Caro Florence , Li Hao , Pei Tong-Tong , Hersch Steven J. , Mekalanos John J. , Dong Tao G. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Assembly, firing, and recycling of the type 6 secretion system (T6SS) organelle is a costly process as each secretion event ejects hundreds of inner-tube Hcp molecules. In comparison to bacteria whose T6SSs are tightly regulated, bacterial strains that constitutively display T6SS activity would seem inefficient in their deployment of T6SS, especially if secretion is interrupted by environmental conditions that reduce available cellular energy. Here we have discovered a quantity-sensing feedback control that avoids wasteful accumulation of secreted proteins in several pathogens that express the T6SS. By sensing the efficiency of secretion of its major substrate (Hcp), this regulatory mechanism likely conserves energy and would therefore be helpful in responding to a variety of stress conditions that interrupt T6SS secretion.
Electrophysiological insights into the role of proficiency in bilingual novel and conventional metaphor processing
Authors: Wang Xin , Jankowiak Katarzyna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhile novel and conventional metaphor comprehension has received much attention in the monolingual context, thus far little electrophysiological research has been conducted with a view to examining how bilingual speakers process metaphors in their non-native language (L2) as well as how L2 proficiency level might modulate such processes. The present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of novel and conventional metaphor comprehension in intermediate and advanced Chinese-English bilingual speakers. The participants performed a semantic decision task to English (L2) novel metaphoric, conventional metaphoric, literal, and anomalous word pairs. The results showed a graded N400 effect from literal utterances, to conventional metaphors, novel metaphors, and finally to anomalous utterances in both groups of participants, indicating that both types of metaphors were more cognitively taxing than literal utterances, irrespectively of L2 proficiency level. Additionally, between-group differences that were irrespective of utterance type were found in the N400 time frame, indicating more extended lexico-semantic access in the intermediate relative to the advanced group. Finally, in both groups of participants, an anterior sustained negativity was found in response to anomalous, novel metaphoric, and conventional metaphoric word pairs, thus suggesting a continuing difficulty of meaning integration.
What is happening to insect numbers, and what does it mean?
Authors: Leather Simon R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reports of declines in abundance of a number of insect species have been increasing over the last two decades. These have variously been attributed to climate change, urbanisation, deforestation, agricultural intensification, habitat fragmentation and pesticide usage. The picture has been complicated by the fact that not all insect groups have shown the drastic declines reported for others, flawed methodology, paucity of long-term studies, the lack of data from the tropics with most long-term studies emanating from Europe and North America. In addition, the number of insect groups studied has largely been restricted to charismatic species such as Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Odonata. Despite this, the evidence for long-term declines in insect abundance is incontrovertible. To aid in our understanding of the problem we need to set up more globally coordinated studies, use past data in innovative ways and convince policy makers and governments to support these studies.
Prevalence of disordered eating, eating disorders and risk of low energy availability in professional, competitive and recreational female athletes based in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sharps Francis Robert Jose , Wilson Laura Jane , Graham Catherine Anna‐Marie , Curtis Christopher 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTEating disorders (ED), disordered eating (DE) and low energy availability (LEA) can be detrimental to health and performance. Previous studies have independently investigated the prevalence of ED, DE or LEA; however, few combined methods have identified risk within female athletes. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of ED, DE and LEA in UK‐based female athletes and investigate whether associations exist between age, competition level and primary sport. The Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) and Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF‐Q) were used in a cross‐sectional study design. A total of 112 responses eligible for analysis were received. A total of 16%, 44% and 53% of female athletes were at risk of ED (FAST: >94), DE and LEA, respectively. Competition level (recreational, competitive or professional athletes; fishers, p ≤ 0.05) influenced and was a predictor of FAST (R 2 = 0.076, F (1,110) = 10.067, p ≤ 0.05, variance inflation value; VIF = 1.0) whereas age influenced (age: H (2) = 13.128, p ≤ 0.05), and was a predictor (R 2 = 0.144, F (2,109) = 9.170, p ≤ 0.05, VIF = 1.0) of LEAF‐Q. A positive correlation was observed between FAST and LEAF‐Q scores (R = 0.496, p ≤ 0.05). Age and competition level may be predicting risk factors of ED/DE and LEA within female athletes; however, further research is required to support the findings of this present study.
The response of optical fibres to gravitational waves
Authors: Mieling Thomas B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The response of optical fibre modes to plane gravitational waves (GW’s) of low frequency is computed. By solving perturbatively the Maxwell equations for step-index optical fibres in a GW background and implementing appropriate boundary conditions to describe single-mode fibres, explicit formulae for the perturbations of the phase and the polarisation of the fibre modes are obtained.