bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical usage of non-invasive ventilation by physical therapists in cystic fibrosis centres across Australia: A cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Foxcroft Molly O , Chambers Rebecca , Cobb Robyn , Kuys Suzanne , Hall Kathleen 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study investigated clinical usage of non-invasive ventilation during physical therapy for people with cystic fibrosis. Specific research questions were: What are the clinical indications, contraindications and patient selection criteria for non-invasive ventilation use as an adjunct to physical therapy in people with cystic fibrosis? 2. Who implements non-invasive ventilation, what settings are used and how are they determined? 3. What outcome measures are used to determine the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation as an adjunct to physical therapy and what are the main benefits and complications?METHODSA purpose-designed survey was sent to 23 Australian cystic fibrosis centres.RESULTSFifteen centres (65%) responded, with 13 reporting current utilization of non-invasive ventilation to assist physical therapy. Non-invasive ventilation was most commonly (85%) used in patients with lung function <40% predicted. Physical therapy clinical indications included shortness of breath at rest (100%) and during airway clearance (100%), and fatigue during airway clearance (100%). Physical therapists were responsible for initiating non-invasive ventilation (62%), setting up (85%) and determining settings (62%). Bi-level ventilation was the only chosen ventilation mode. Benefits reported included improved ease of airway clearance (100%), reduced fatigue (92%) and decreased dyspnoea (85%). Only one complication of haemoptysis was reported.CONCLUSIONSNon-invasive ventilation was used during physical therapy in people with cystic fibrosis who had severe disease, mostly during airway clearance to improve tolerability of treatment. Australian physical therapists initiated non-invasive ventilation when people with cystic fibrosis experienced shortness of breath or fatigue during treatment, aligning with current clinical guidelines. Clinical usage was largely consistent across centres, with numerous benefits and few complications reported. Further research is required to explore benefits of non-invasive ventilation use during physical therapy.
Imbalanced basal ganglia connectivity is associated with motor deficits and apathy in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Nair Akshay , Razi Adeel , Gregory Sarah , Rutledge Robb R. , Rees Geraint , Tabrizi Sarah J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gating of movement depends on activity within the cortico-striato-thalamic loops. Within these loops, emerging from the cells of the striatum, run two opponent pathways – the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathway. Both are complex and polysynaptic but the overall effect of activity within these pathways is thought to encourage and inhibit movement respectively. In Huntington’s disease (HD), the preferential early loss of striatal neurons forming the indirect pathway is thought to lead to disinhibition giving rise to the characteristic motor features of the condition. But early HD is also associated with apathy, a loss of motivation and failure to engage in goal-directed movement. We hypothesised that in HD, motor signs and apathy may be selectively correlated with indirect and direct pathway dysfunction respectively. We used spectral dynamic casual modelling of resting state fMRI data to model effective connectivity in a model of these cortico-striatal pathways. We tested both of these hypotheses in vivo for the first time in a large cohort of patients with prodromal HD. Using an advanced approach at the group level by combining Parametric Empirical Bayes and Bayesian Model Reduction procedure to generate large number of competing models and compare them by using Bayesian model comparison. With this automated Bayesian approach, associations between clinical measures and connectivity parameters emerge de novo from the data. We found very strong evidence (posterior probability > 0.99) to support both of our hypotheses. Firstly, more severe motor signs in HD were associated with altered connectivity in the indirect pathway components of our model and, by comparison, loss of goal-direct behaviour or apathy, was associated with changes in the direct pathway component. The empirical evidence we provide here is demonstrates that imbalanced basal ganglia connectivity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of some of commonest and disabling features of HD and may have important implications for therapeutics.
Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Erie County, New York
Authors: Lamb Natalie A. , Bard Jonathan E. , Pohlman Alyssa , Boccolucci Amanda , Yergeau Donald A. , Marzullo Brandon J. , Pope Carleen , Burstein Gale , Tomaszewski John , Nowak Norma J. , Surtees Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly in the SAR-CoV-2 pandemic, we established a whole genome sequencing pipeline to assess lineages circulating in Western New York. Initial sequences revealed entry into the region via Europe, similar to observations in New York City. However, as the pandemic progressed and variants of concern emerged, we observed distinct patterns in lineages relative to NYC. Notably, B.1.427 became dominant in Western New York, before it was displaced by B.1.1.7. Our hierarchical cluster analysis of B.1.1.7 lineages, which by May 2021 made up ∼ 80% of all cases, indicated both multiple introductions and community spread. Our work highlights the importance of widespread, regional surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 across the United States.
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 mRNA
Authors: Tenbusch Matthias , Schumacher Sofie , Vogel Emanuel , Priller Alina , Held Jürgen , Steininger Philipp , Beileke Stephanie , Irrgang Pascal , Brockhoff Ronja , Salmanton-García Jon , Tinnefeld Kathrin , Mijocevic Hrvoje , Schober Kilian , Bogdan Christian , Yazici Sarah , Knolle Percy , Cornely Oliver A. , Überla Klaus , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdministration of a first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Vaxzevria®, AstraZeneca) is associated with a certain risk for vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Therefore, several countries have recommended replacing the second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with an mRNA-based vaccine as a precautionary measure, although data on safety and efficacy of such heterologous prime-boost regimen are sparse. Therefore, vaccinees, who had received a heterologous vaccination using ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as prime and BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®, BioNTech-Pfizer) mRNA as boost vaccination were offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to quantify their vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody response5. The results were compared to cohorts of healthcare workers or volunteers, who received homologous BNT162b2 or homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination regimens, respectively. A striking increase of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity was observed in 229 vaccinees that received a BNT162b2 boost 9 to 12 weeks after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime. In our cohort comprising over 480 individuals, the heterologous vaccination scheme induced significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and even than homologous BNT162b2 vaccination. This proves that a single dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime vaccination is sufficient to achieve high neutralizing antibody levels predicting immune protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may even increase vaccine efficacy offering an alternative in a setting of vaccine shortage.
Predictors of hospitalisation and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Finland: a population-based register study with implications to vaccinations
Authors: Salo Heini , Lehtonen Toni , Auranen Kari , Baum Ulrike , Leino Tuija 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate how age and underlying medical conditions affect the risk of severe outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection and how they should be weighed while prioritising vaccinations against COVID-19.MethodsThis population-based register study includes all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test-positive cases until 24 Feb 2021, based on the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Register. The cases were linked to other registers to identify presence of comorbidities and severe outcomes (hospitalisation, intensive care treatment, death). The odds of severe outcomes were compared in those with and without the pre-specified comorbidities using logistic regression. Furthermore, population-based rates were compared between those with a given comorbidity and those without any of the specified comorbidities using negative binomial regression.ResultsAge and various comorbidities were found to be predictors of severe COVID-19. Compared to 60–69-year-olds, the odds ratio (OR) of death was 7.1 for 70–79-year-olds, 26.7 for 80–89-year-olds, and 55.8 for ≥90-year-olds. Among the 20–69-year-olds, chronic renal disease (OR 9.4), malignant neoplasms (5.8), hematologic malignancy (5.6), chronic pulmonary disease (5.4), and cerebral palsy or other paralytic syndromes (4.6) were strongly associated with COVID-19 mortality; severe disorders of the immune system (8.0), organ or stem cell transplant (7.2), chronic renal disease (6.7), and diseases of myoneural junction and muscle (5.5) were strongly associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation. Type 2 diabetes and asthma, two very common comorbidities, were associated with all three outcomes, with ORs from 2.1 to 4.3. The population-based rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased with age. Taking the 60–69-year-olds as reference, the rate ratio was highest (3.0) for 20–29-year-olds but <1 for 70–79-year-olds and 80–89-year-olds.ConclusionComorbidities predispose for severe COVID-19 among younger ages. In vaccine prioritisation both the risk of infection and the risk of severe outcomes, if infected, should be combined.
The impact of demographic factors on the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases per capita in Europe and the regions of Ukraine in the summer of 2021
Authors: Nesteruk Igor , Rodionov Oleksii 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe accumulated number of COVID-19 cases per capita is an important characteristic of the pandemic dynamics that may also indicate the effectiveness of quarantine, testing and vaccination. As this value increases monotonically over time, the end of June 2021 was chosen, when the growth rate in Ukraine and the vast majority of European countries was small. This allowed us to draw some intermediate conclusions about the influence of the volume of population, its density, and the level of urbanization on the accumulated number of laboratory-confirmed cases per capita in European countries and regions of Ukraine. A simple analysis showed that the number of cases per capita does not depend on these demographic factors, although it may differ by about 4 times for different regions of Ukraine and more than 9 times for different European countries. The number of COVID-19 per capita registered in Ukraine is comparable with the same characteristic in other European countries but much higher than in China, South Korea and Japan.
Public opinion on a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination policy in France: a cross sectional survey
Authors: Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Bonneton Marion , Peretti-Watel Patrick , Verger Pierre , Launay Odile , Ward Jeremy K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesReaching the last pockets of unvaccinated people is challenging, and has led to consider COVID-19 mandatory vaccination. Our aim was to assess attitudes toward COVID-19 mandatory vaccination in France before the announcement and factors associated with opposition to this type of policy.MethodsBetween the 10th and the 23rd of May 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional online survey among a representative sample of the French population aged 18 and over and a specific sample of the French Senior Population over 65.ResultsAmong 3,056 respondents, 1,314 (43.0 %) were in favor of mandatory COVID-19 vaccination, 1,281 (41.9 %) were opposed to such a policy, and 461 (15.1 %) were undecided. Among opponents to COVID-19 mandatory vaccination for the general population, 385 (30.05 %) were in favor of a mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for healthcare workers (HCWs). In multivariate analysis, age groups 18-24 years, and 25-34 years were significantly more opposed than the reference group (>75 years old) with respective adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 4.67 (1.73-12.61) and 3.74 (1.57-8.93). No intention of getting COVID-19 vaccine was strongly associated with opposition to mandatory vaccination with aOR 10.67 (95 % CI 6.41-17.76). In comparison with partisans of the center, partisans of the far left and green parties were more likely to be opposed to COVID-19 mandatory vaccine with respective aOR (95 % CI) 1;89 (1.06-3.38) and 2.08 (1.14-3.81).ConclusionAttitudes toward mandatory COVID-19 vaccination are split in the French general population, and the debate might become politicized.
Reticular Dysgenesis-associated Adenylate Kinase 2 deficiency causes failure of myelopoiesis through disordered purine metabolism
Authors: Wang Wenqing , DeVilbiss Andrew , Arreola Martin , Mathews Thomas , Zhao Zhiyu , Martin-Sandoval Misty , Benegiamo Giorgia , Awani Avni , Goeminne Ludger , Dever Daniel , Nakauchi Yusuke , Pavel-Dinu Mara , Al-Herz Waleed , Noratangelo Luigi , Porteus Matthew H. , Auwerx Johan , Morrison Sean J. , Weinacht Katja G. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTReticular Dysgenesis is a particularly grave form of severe combined immunodeficiency that affects the adaptive and innate immune system. Patients suffer from congenital neutropenia, lymphopenia, and deafness. The disease is caused by biallelic loss of function in mitochondrial Adenylate Kinase 2 (AK2). AK2 mediates the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP, as substrate for ATP synthesis. Accordingly, declining oxidative phosphorylation has been postulated as the driver of disease pathology. The mechanistic basis, however, remains incompletely understood. Single cell RNA-sequencing of patient bone marrow cells implicated altered RNA catabolism and ribonucleoprotein synthesis in the pathogenesis of Reticular Dysgenesis. To investigate these findings, we developed a disease model based on CRISPR-mediated disruption of theAK2gene in primary human hematopoietic stem cells. We found that AK2-deficient myeloid progenitor cells not only have compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism and increased AMP levels, but also NAD+and aspartate depletion, metabolites that rely on TCA-cycle activity for regeneration and synthesis. Furthermore, AK2-deficient cells exhibited strikingly increased levels of the purine nucleotide precursor IMP, decreased cellular RNA content, ribosome subunit expression, protein synthesis and a profoundly hypo-proliferative phenotype. The rise in IMP levels stemmed from increased AMP deamination. Pharmacologic inhibition of AMP deaminase normalized IMP levels in AK2-deficient cells, but further aggravated the disease phenotype, pointing to AMP catabolism as a possible metabolic adaptation to mitigate AMP-mediated toxicity. Inducing an adenosine disequilibrium in control cells produced a similar myeloid maturation defect.This study shows that AK2 deficiency globally curtailed mitochondrial metabolism resulting in NAD+and aspartate deficiency and disordered purine metabolism. AMP accumulation and its detrimental effects on ribonucleotide synthesis capacity may contribute to the failure of myelopoiesis in Reticular Dysgenesis.
The crucial role of genome-wide genetic variation in conservation
Authors: Kardos Marty , Armstrong Ellie , Fitzpatrick Sarah , Hauser Samantha , Hedrick Phil , Miller Josh , Tallmon David A. , Funk W. Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe unprecedented rate of extinction calls for efficient use of genetics to help conserve biodiversity. Several recent genomic and simulation-based studies have argued that the field of conservation biology has placed too much focus on the conservation of genome-wide genetic variation, and that this approach should be replaced with another that focuses instead on managing the subset of functional genetic variation that is thought to affect fitness. Here, we critically evaluate the feasibility and likely benefits of this approach in conservation. We find that population genetics theory and empirical results show that the conserving genome-wide genetic variation is generally the best approach to prevent inbreeding depression and loss of adaptive potential from driving populations towards extinction. Focusing conservation efforts on presumably functional genetic variation will only be feasible occasionally, often misleading, and counterproductive when prioritized over genome-wide genetic variation. Given the increasing rate of habitat loss and other environmental changes, failure to recognize the detrimental effects of lost genome-wide variation on long-term population viability will only worsen the biodiversity crisis.
Protease Resistance of ex vivo Amyloid Fibrils implies the proteolytic Selection of disease-associated Fibril Morphologies
Authors: Schönfelder Jonathan , Pfeiffer Peter Benedikt , Pradhan Tejaswini , Bijzet Johan , Hazenberg Bouke P.C. , Schönland Stefan O. , Hegenbart Ute , Reif Bernd , Haupt Christian , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral studies recently showed that ex vivo fibrils from patient or animal tissue were structurally different from in vitro formed fibrils from the same polypeptide chain. Analysis of serum amyloid A (SAA) and Aβ-derived amyloid fibrils additionally revealed that ex vivo fibrils were more protease stable than in vitro fibrils. These observations gave rise to the proteolytic selection hypothesis that suggested that disease-associated amyloid fibrils were selected inside the body by their ability to resist endogenous clearance mechanisms. We here show, for more than twenty different fibril samples, that ex vivo fibrils are more protease stable than in vitro fibrils. These data support the idea of a proteolytic selection of pathogenic amyloid fibril morphologies and help to explain why only few amino acid sequences lead to amyloid diseases, although many, if not all, polypeptide chains can form amyloid fibrils in vitro.
Stars in the rearview mirror: The Grand Tour as a guide to the development of space tourism
Authors: Ovesny Mark , Taylor D. Christopher 
Published: July 2021

PurposeIn this paper, the authors argue that the blueprint that was organically developed over the course of approximately three centuries, from The Grand Tour to this day, is likely to see something close to a repeat in the development of that final frontier.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the methodology of reviewing the literature and model comparison.FindingsOpportunities will expand and change along the same trends that lead The Grand Tour to evolve into mass tourism, because as in the past people's perceptions about what is possible and reasonable will change the more common such once fictional ideas become reality.Originality/valueNothing is in the current tourism literature, on this topic. This is new and unique.
Rebounding through the pandemic: towards the digitized and digitalized small hospitality business in China
Authors: Zhu Ruilin , Zhang Jinyuan 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Grappling with the sweeping pandemic, the small hospitality business (SHB), smaller in scale and weaker in risk mitigation, has been seriously affected. The purpose of this study aims to supplement the unrepresented area of SHB in China from the digital perspective by drawing on instrumentalization theory (IT).

Design/methodology/approach
Based on two appropriate and detailed SHB cases, this paper adopted a qualitative approach to understand and conceptualize the focal issue.

Findings
This study identified the factors affecting SHB at operational, managerial and transformational levels amidst the crisis. It further developed a theoretical framework of the SHB rebound matrix, highlighting the importance of digitization and digitalization.

Research limitations/implications
The research theoretically confirmed that SHB is internally, externally and essentially restricted and developed a corresponding rebound matrix. It practically supports SHB’s transformation by making recommendations to unleash the potential of digital business.

Originality/value
This study complements extant descriptive and atheoretical research by focusing on SHB’s underlying digital nature through the lens of IT, providing an evidenced theoretical understanding of SHB’s development amidst and after the pandemic.
Green mindfulness and green creativity nexus in hospitality industry: examining the effects of green process engagement and CSR
Authors: Kalyar Masood Nawaz , Ali Fahad , Shafique Imran 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of frontline managers’ green mindfulness on their green creativity directly and through green creative process engagement (GCPE). Furthermore, perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) moderates the link between green mindfulness and GCPE.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from 592 frontline managers from the hospitality industry of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro.

Findings
The findings indicate that green mindfulness has a positive relationship with GCPE and green creativity. Moreover, GCPE mediates the relationship between green mindfulness and green creativity. Perceived CSR also moderates the link between green mindfulness and GCPE. The moderated-mediation effect of perceived CSR is also found to be significant.

Research limitations/implications
The results imply that mindfully green frontline managers’ cognitive resources provide greater attention toward environmental problems and connectedness to nature, which encourages hospitality service firms’ frontline managers’ green creativity.

Originality/value
The novelty of the present study is the development and empirical testing of an integrated framework to investigate that when and how green mindfulness affects green creativity.
Exploring innovative energy infrastructure financing in Ghana: benefits, challenges and strategies
Authors: Kukah Augustine Senanu , Anafo Andrew , Kukah Richmond Makafui Kofi , Blay Jnr Andrew Victor Kabenlah , Sinsa Dominic Benson , Asamoah Eric , Korda David Nartey 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Inefficiencies in the power sector resulting from underinvesting and underselling reduce the ability of governments to adequately finance energy projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore mechanisms of energy financing, benefits and challenges associated with innovative financing of energy infrastructure as well as strategies to improve innovative financing of energy infrastructure.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from respondents. Seventy-eight responses were retrieved. Mean score ranking, Kruskal–Wallis test and discriminant validity were the analysis conducted.

Findings
Partial credit guarantee; partial risk guarantee; credit enhancement; and loan guarantees were the significant mechanisms. Production efficiency; reduce pressure on public budgets; access to management expertise; and self-sustainability of infrastructure facilities were the significant benefits. Lack of transparency and adequate data for risk assessment; high up-front cost; heterogeneity, complexity, and presence of a large number of parties; and lack of a clear benchmark for measuring investment performance were the severest challenges. Complete transparency and accountability; political stability and public view on private provision of energy infrastructure services; and macroeconomic environment were the significant strategies.

Practical implications
This study is beneficial to energy sector as the current government of Ghana hints on willingness to involve private sector in management of the power sector.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is that it is a pioneering study in Ghana on innovative financing of energy infrastructure.