bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiseizure medications for post‐stroke epilepsy: A real‐world prospective cohort study
Authors: Tanaka Tomotaka , Fukuma Kazuki , Abe Soichiro , Matsubara Soichiro , Motoyama Rie , Mizobuchi Masahiro , Yoshimura Hajime , Matsuki Takayuki , Manabe Yasuhiro , Suzuki Junichiro , Ikeda Shuhei , Kamogawa Naruhiko , Ishiyama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Katsuya , Shimotake Akihiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Onozuka Daisuke , Koga Masatoshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Murayama Shigeo , Matsumoto Riki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio , Ihara Masafumi ,   for the PROPOSE Study Investigators
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe management of post‐stroke epilepsy (PSE) should ideally include prevention of both seizure and adverse effects; however, an optimal antiseizure medications (ASM) regimen has yet been established. The purpose of this study is to assess seizure recurrence, retention, and tolerability of older‐generation and newer‐generation ASM for PSE.MethodsThis prospective multicenter cohort study (PROgnosis of Post‐Stroke Epilepsy [PROPOSE] study) was conducted from November 2014 to September 2019 at eight hospitals. A total of 372 patients admitted and treated with ASM at discharge were recruited. Due to the non‐interventional nature of the study, ASM regimen was not adjusted and followed standard hospital practices. The primary outcome was seizure recurrence in patients receiving older‐generation and newer‐generation ASM. The secondary outcomes were the retention and tolerability of ASM regimens.ResultsOf the 372 PSE patients with ASM at discharge (median [IQR] age, 73 [64–81] years; 139 women [37.4%]), 36 were treated with older‐generation, 286 with newer‐generation, and 50 with mixed‐generation ASM. In older‐ and newer‐generation ASM groups (n = 322), 98 patients (30.4%) had recurrent seizures and 91 patients (28.3%) switched ASM regimen during the follow‐up (371 [347–420] days). Seizure recurrence was lower in newer‐generation, compared with the older‐generation, ASM (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42, 95%CI 0.27–0.70; p = .0013). ASM regimen withdrawal and change of dosages were lower in newer‐generation ASM (HR, 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56, p < .0001).ConclusionsNewer‐generation ASM possess advantages over older‐generation ASM for secondary prophylaxis of post‐stroke seizures in clinical practice.
A Direct Electrochemical H2S Sensor Based on Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Liu Xinran , He Liang , Li Ping , Li Xinqi , Zhang Pandong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe layered structure of two‐dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride and its excellent physical and chemical properties make it a major research hotspot in the field of sensing. Meanwhile, characteristics such as good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity make this type of material a good potential biological sensing material. In this work, a graphene‐like structure composed of multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene was successfully synthesized by a simple hydrogen fluoride etching method, and an attempt was made to use it for non‐enzymatic H2S electrochemical sensing. The electrochemical test results show that the modified Ti3C2Tx MXene/GCE has a high sensitivity (0.587 μA μM−1 cm−2) for the detection of trace H2S. At the same time, it shows a low detection limit (16.0 nM) and a wide detection range (100 nM–300 μM). The result provides a new research direction for H2S electrochemical sensing, as well as a new platform for MXene materials in biological sensing.
Cut points and contexts
Authors: Busch Evan L. 
Published: August 2021

In research, policy, and practice, continuous variables are often categorized. Statisticians have generally advised against categorization for many reasons, such as loss of information and precision as well as distortion of estimated statistics. Here, a different kind of problem with categorization is considered: the idea that, for a given continuous variable, there is a unique set of cut points that is the objectively correct or best categorization. It is shown that this is unlikely to be the case because categorized variables typically exist in webs of statistical relationships with other variables. The choice of cut points for a categorized variable can influence the values of many statistics relating that variable to others. This essay explores the substantive trade‐offs that can arise between different possible cut points to categorize a continuous variable, making it difficult to say that any particular categorization is objectively best. Limitations of different approaches to selecting cut points are discussed. Contextual trade‐offs may often be an argument against categorization. At the very least, such trade‐offs mean that research inferences, or decisions about policy or practice, that involve categorized variables should be framed and acted upon with flexibility and humility.Lay Summary

In research, policy, and practice, continuous variables are often turned into categorical variables with cut points that define the boundaries between categories. This involves choices about how many categories to create and what cut‐point values to use.

This commentary shows that different choices about which cut points to use can lead to different sets of trade‐offs across multiple statistical relationships between the categorized variable and other variables.

These trade‐offs mean that no single categorization is objectively best or correct. This context is critical when one is deciding whether and how to categorize a continuous variable.
Sentiment analysis of social media data based on chaotic coyote optimization algorithm based time weight‐AdaBoost support vector machine approach
Authors: Dangi Dharmendra , Bhagat Amit , Dixit Dheeraj Kumar 
Published: August 2021

SummarySentiment analysis or opinion mining is exploited in business, customer services, and so forth, where people provide their opinions in the form of reviews. However, the people's opinions are in a perplexing form such as, sarcasm, irony, and implied meaning which can cause an impact on sentiment analysis. The only way to analyze these words is through context. Nevertheless, there still exist some issues, to tackle those issues, a lot of research has been conducted by focusing the feature engineering. However, the optimized output has not been acquired yet. Hence, we propose a novel method known as chaotic coyote optimization algorithm (COA) based time weight‐AdaBoost support vector machine (SVM) approach which can be used to attain the precise classifications in context. The proposed time weight‐AdaBoost SVM can be used to circumvent the drift concept issues and can be utilized for the perfect learning of data for further classifications. Further, the class imbalance issues can be overcome by adopting a modified CO algorithm, that is, the chaotic COA. Furthermore, the proposed work performance is analyzed with state‐of‐art works such as DICE, ABCDM, and SVM approaches. The comparative analysis shows that our proposed work classifies the social media content acquired from Twitter more accurately than the other works. Thus our work outperforms all the existing approaches in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.
Corporate social responsibility in the retail business: A case study
Authors: Dal Mas Francesca , Tucker William , Massaro Maurizio , Bagnoli Carlo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn an economic scenario that sees greater attention paid to sustainability issues, the retail sector features significant economic influence and resources to address sustainability challenges successfully. The retail industry is challenged to carry on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives whilst aiming at competitive prices and communicating such CSR activities to its customers and employees. Employing a case study conducted within one of the major European retailers in clothing, the paper aims to provide a new perspective on CSR in the retail business. Results highlight the importance of clear and extensive communication and translation of CSR initiatives as a central element to raise awareness and engagement for both employees and customers, positively impacting retail organizations in boosting their business performance and sustainability outcomes at the same time. Practical implications include the need for retail firms to organize their CSR external and internal communication effectively.
Recent Developments in the Formulation and Use of Polymers and Particles of Plant‐based Origin for Emulsion Stabilizations
Authors: Ghavidel Nasim , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main scope of this Review was the recent progress in the use of plant‐based polymers and particles for the stabilization of Pickering and non‐Pickering emulsion systems. Due to their availability and promising performance, it was discussed how the source, modification, and formulation of cellulose, starch, protein, and lignin‐based polymers and particles would impact their emulsion stabilization. Special attention was given toward the material synthesis in two forms of polymeric surfactants and particles and the corresponding formulated emulsions. Also, the effects of particle size, degree of aggregation, wettability, degree of substitution, and electrical charge in stabilizing oil/water systems and micro‐ and macro‐structures of oil droplets were discussed. The wide range of applications using such plant‐based stabilizers in different technologies as well as their challenge and future perspectives were described.
Watching plants’ dance: movements of live and dead branches linked to atmospheric water demand
Authors: Hallmark Alesia J. , Maurer Gregory E. , Pangle Robert E. , Litvak Marcy E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiurnal branch movements in woody plants have only recently been described in detail. While previously only vegetative and reproductive structures have been known to move on hourly timescales, imaging technologies such as terrestrial laser scanning and near‐surface repeat digital photography provide a means of remotely monitoring plant movements at high enough temporal and spatial resolution to capture rhythmic movements of woody material. Virtually, nothing is known about the range of species and ecosystems in which woody movements might occur or what causes these movements. We report that diurnal woody branch movements occur in a number of tree and shrub species across a broad range of abiotic conditions. We examined detailed branch movements in one species, creosote (Larrea tridentata), and found that branch movements were highly correlated with humidity, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and stem water potential: all factors related to plant water status. We also found that live and dead branch movements were distinct in the timing of their movements and in the abiotic conditions with which they were most correlated. Changes in dead branch position were most correlated with humidity, with these movements consistently lagging 1–2 h behind changes in humidity. Live branch movements were also highly correlated with vapor pressure deficit and humidity but went from lagging 1–2 h behind changes in these abiotic conditions in summer to being nearly in sync in winter. We believe that this is the first study that (1) documents diurnal branch movements in creosote, (2) differentiates between the movements of live and dead branches, and (3) relates environmental data to these movements. We hope these findings encourage other researchers to more closely examine imagery from their sites for evidence of branch movements, which may provide deeper insights into water and solute movements in plants and physiological responses to water stress.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive T‐cell receptors isolated from convalescent COVID‐19 patients confer potent T‐cell effector function
Authors: Brunk Fabian , Moritz Andreas , Nelde Annika , Bilich Tatjana , Casadei Nicolas , Fraschka Sabine A. K. , Heitmann Jonas S. , Hörber Sebastian , Peter Andreas , Rammensee Hans‐Georg , Singh Harpreet , Walz Juliane , Maurer Dominik , Wagner Claudia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth B cells and T cells are involved in an effective immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2, the disease‐causing virus of COVID‐19. While B cells—with the indispensable help of CD4+ T cells—are essential to generate neutralizing antibodies, T cells on their own have been recognized as another major player in effective anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity. In this report, we provide insights into the characteristics of individual HLA‐A*02:01‐ and HLA‐A*24:02‐restricted SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive TCRs, isolated from convalescent COVID‐19 patients. We observed that SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive T‐cell populations were clearly detectable in convalescent samples and that TCRs isolated from these T cell clones were highly functional upon ectopic re‐expression. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive TCRs described in this report mediated potent TCR signaling in reporter assays with low nanomolar EC50 values. We further demonstrate that these SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive TCRs conferred powerful T‐cell effector function to primary CD8+ T cells as evident by a robust anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IFN‐γ response and in vitro cytotoxicity. We also provide an example of a long‐lasting anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 memory response by reisolation of one of the retrieved TCRs 5 months after initial sampling. Taken together, these findings contribute to a better understanding of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell immunity and may contribute to paving the way toward immunotherapeutics approaches targeting SARS‐CoV‐2.
Ultra pH‐sensitive detection of total and free prostate‐specific antigen using electrochemical aptasensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles emphasis on TiO2/carbon quantum dots as a redox probe
Authors: Aayanifard Zahra , Alebrahim Talieh , Pourmadadi Mehrab , Yazdian Fatemeh , Dinani Homayoon Soleimani , Rashedi Hamid , Omidi Meisam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of a rapid, sensitive, and straightforward detection method of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is indispensable for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This work relates an electrochemical method using functionalized single‐stranded DNA aptamer to diagnose PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia. The sensing platform relies on PSA recognition by aptamer/Au/GO‐nanohybrid‐modified glassy carbon electrode. Besides ferrocyanide TiO2/carbon quantum dots (CQDs) probe is used to investigate the effect of nanoparticle‐containing electrolyte. Optimization of incubation time of aptamer/Au/GO‐nanohybrid and volume fraction of nafion were done using Design Expert 10 software reporting 42.4 h and 0.095% V/V, respectively. In ferrocyanide medium, PSA detection as low as 3, 2.96, and 0.85 ng mL−1 was achieved with a dynamic range from 0.5 to 7 ng ml−1, in accord with clinical values, using cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Moreover, this sensor exhibited conspicuous performance in TiO2/CQDs‐containing medium with different pH values of 5.4 and 8 to distinguish total PSA and free PSA, resulting in very low limit of detections, 0.028, and 0.007 ng ml−1, respectively. The results manifested the proposed system as a forthcoming sensor in a clinical and point of care analysis of PSA.
PacBio sequencing detects genome‐wide ultra‐low‐frequency substitution mutations resulting from exposure to chemical mutagens
Authors: Revollo Javier R. , Miranda Jaime A. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGenetic toxicology uses several assays to identity mutagens and protects the public. Most of these assays, however, rely on reporter genes, can only measure mutation indirectly based on phenotype, and often require specific cell lines or animal models—features that impede their integration with existing and emerging toxicological models, such as organoids. In this study, we show that PacBio Single‐Molecule, Real‐Time (PB SMRT) sequencing identified substitution mutations caused by chemical mutagens in Escherichia coli by generating nearly error‐free consensus reads after repeatedly inspecting both strands of circular DNA molecules. Using DNA from E. coli exposed to ethyl methanosulfonate (EMS) or N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU), PB SMRT sequencing detected mutation frequencies (MFs) and spectra comparable to those obtained by clone‐sequencing from the same exposures. The optimized background MF of PB SMRT sequencing was ≤ 1 × 10−7 mutations per base pair (mut/bp).
FOXO transcription factors in antioxidant defense
Authors: Krafczyk Niklas , Klotz Lars‐Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForkhead box, class O (FOXO) family proteins are widely expressed and highly conserved transcriptional regulators that modulate cellular fuel metabolism, stress resistance and cell death. FOXO target genes include genes encoding antioxidant proteins, thus likely contributing to the key role FOXOs play in the cellular response to oxidative stress and supporting the cellular strategies of antioxidant defense, that is, prevention (of the formation of reactive oxygen species), interception (of reactive species prior to their reaction with cellular components), repair (of damaged biomolecules), and adaptation (i.e., the stimulation of signaling pathways allowing for the expression of protective proteins). FOXOs themselves are regulated by redox processes at several levels, including expression of FOXO genes and enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic posttranslational modifications of FOXO proteins. The latter include modifications of FOXO cysteine residues. Here, an overview is provided on (i) the contribution of FOXO target genes to cellular antioxidative strategies, and (ii) on the impact of thiol homeostasis and thiol modification on FOXO activity.
The Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio Is Associated With Changes in Bone Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Ginsberg Charles , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Katz Ronit , Hughes-Austin Jan , Miller Lindsay M , Becker Jessica O , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Shlipak Michael G , Sarnak Mark J , Ix Joachim H 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have suggested that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be a poor biomarker of bone health, in part because measured levels incorporate both protein-bound and free vitamin D. The ratio of its catabolic product (24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D]) to 25(OH)D (the vitamin D metabolite ratio [VMR]) may provide more information on sufficient vitamin D stores and is not influenced by vitamin D–binding protein concentrations. We evaluated whether the VMR or 25(OH)D are more strongly associated with bone loss and fracture risk in older adults. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 786 community-dwelling adults aged 70 to 79 years who participated in the Health Aging and Body Composition study. Our primary outcomes were annual changes in bone density and incident fracture. The mean age of these participants was 75 ± 3 years, 49% were female, 42% were Black, and 23% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/mL/1.73m2. In fully adjusted models, a 50% lower VMR was associated with 0.3% (0.2%, 0.6%) more rapid decline in total hip bone mineral density (BMD). We found similar relationships with thoracic and lumbar spine BMD. In contrast, 25(OH)D3 concentrations were not associated with longitudinal change in BMD. There were 178 fractures during a mean follow-up of 10 years. Each 50% lower VMR was associated with a 49% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.08) greater fracture risk, whereas lower 25(OH)D3 concentrations were not significantly associated with fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 50% lower 1.07 [0.80, 1.43]). In conclusion, among a diverse cohort of community-dwelling older adults, a lower VMR was more strongly associated with both loss of BMD and fracture risk compared with 25(OH)D3. Trials are needed to evaluate the VMR as a therapeutic target in persons at risk for worsening BMD and fracture. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Inhibition of spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3 suppresses the proliferation and invasion and induced the apoptosis of cutaneous melanoma by affecting the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Liang Yan , Zheng Yan , Mou Kuanhou , Han Dan , Wang Lijuan , Ge Rui , Meng Anfeng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpindle and kinetochore‐associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is reportedly a key contributor to the progression of various cancers. The present work aimed to evaluate the possible role of SKA3 in cutaneous melanoma (CM). A high SKA3 level was found in CM tissues and predicted a poor prognosis. SKA3 silencing markedly repressed the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and induced the apoptosis of CM cells. SKA3 silencing decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Akt inhibition markedly reversed SKA3 overexpression‐induced oncogenic effects on CM cells. SKA3 silencing significantly prohibited the formation and growth of CM‐derived xenograft tumors in nude mice in vivo. Our findings demonstrated SKA3 inhibition repressed the progression of CM by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study indicates that SKA3 has potential as an anticancer candidate for CM.
Sarcopenia and major complications in patients undergoing oncologic colon surgery
Authors: Schneider Michael , Hübner Martin , Becce Fabio , Koerfer Joachim , Collinot Jean‐Aibert , Demartines Nicolas , Hahnloser Dieter , Grass Fabian , Martin David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is a surrogate marker for malnutrition and frailty, which has been linked to higher complication rates and prolonged length of stay (LOS) after surgery. The study aim was to assess the correlation between computed tomography (CT)‐based sarcopenia and short‐term clinical outcomes after oncologic colon surgery.MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive patients operated between May 2014 and December 2019. Three radiological indices of sarcopenia were measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on preoperative CT scans: skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI) (both markers of muscle quantity), and skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA) (marker of muscle quality). Patients with major complications (grade ≥ 3b according to the Clavien classification) were compared with those without. Statistical correlation between sarcopenia indices, LOS, and comprehensive complication index (CCI) was tested with the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsA total of 325 patients were included. Mean age was 67 years [standard deviation (SD) 14.3], mean body mass index was 26.0 kg/m2 (SD 5.3), and 193 (59%) were male. Fifty patients (15.4%) had major complications, while 275 (84.6%) did not. Patients with major complications had more open surgery (52 vs. 21%, P < 0.01), intraoperative blood loss (257 vs. 102 mL, P = 0.035), and intraoperative complications (22 vs. 9%, P = 0.012). Patients with major complications had significantly increased CCI scores (53 vs. 6, P < 0.01), reoperations (74 vs. 0%, P < 0.01), and LOS (33 vs. 7, P < 0.01). SMA and SMI were comparable between both groups (126.0 vs. 125.2 cm2, P = 0.974, and 43.4 vs. 44.3 cm2/m2, P = 0.636, respectively), while SMRA was significantly lower in patients with major complications (33.6 vs. 37.3 HU, P = 0.018). A lower SMRA was correlated with prolonged LOS (r = −0.207, P < 0.01) and higher CCI (r = −0.144, P < 0.01), while the other sarcopenia indices had no influence on surgical outcomes.ConclusionsMuscle quality (SMRA) as a specific sarcopenia marker was lower in patients with major complications and seems to prevail over muscle quantity (SMA and SMI) in the prediction of adverse outcomes after oncologic colon surgery.