bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a cognitive bias modification intervention for anxiety disorders in primary care
Authors: Weisberg Risa B. , Gonsalves Meghan A. , Ramadurai Ramya , Braham Howard , Fuchs Cara , Beard Courtney 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThere is a great need for low‐intensity, scalable treatments in primary care, where most anxious patients first present for treatment. We describe Stage IA treatment development and a Stage IB feasibility trial of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for transdiagnostic anxiety in primary care.MethodsThe online intervention, Mental Habits, comprised eight sessions of a personalized CBM targeting attention and interpretation biases. Coaches assisted patients in using the website, monitored progress via a dashboard, and shared information with primary care providers. We evaluated Mental Habits in an open trial (N = 14) and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (N = 40) in primary care patients with anxiety disorders.ResultsWe compared results to a priori benchmarks of clinically meaningful outcomes. In the open trial, Mental Habits met feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy benchmarks. In the pilot RCT, there was greater dropout at one study site which ultimately closed. In the intent‐to‐treat analyses, Mental Habits met the benchmark for self‐report, but not the interview measure of anxiety. Symptom Tracking did not meet the benchmark for self‐report or interview measures of anxiety. In per‐protocol analyses, Mental Habits exceeded the benchmark for both self‐report and interview measures, whereas Symptom Tracking met the benchmark for self‐report. Interpretation bias improved in the Mental Habits group, but not in Symptom Tracking. No effects were observed for attention bias.ConclusionThe online CBM intervention demonstrated good acceptability and, when delivered at a stable primary care clinic, preliminary effectiveness in primary care. A larger RCT is warranted to test effectiveness.Practitioner points

A personalized, transdiagnostic Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) intervention for anxiety in primary care is acceptable to primary care patients with social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and/or panic disorder /agoraphobia.

With training and supervision from licensed mental health clinicians, bachelor’s‐level coaches can assist primary care patients to self‐administer CBM.

Offering a low‐intensity, self‐directed anxiety intervention in primary care can greatly expand the reach of anxiety treatment, with minimal need for additional resources.

Interpretation bias may be an important clinical target for primary care patients with anxiety.
Bystander responses to bias‐based bullying and retaliation: Is retaliation perceived as more acceptable than bias‐based bullying?
Authors: Gönültaş Seçil , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: February 2021

The current study examined intergroup‐related and social‐cognitive correlates of bystanders' acceptability judgements and their responses to bias‐based bullying of immigrant peers and to possible retaliation for the bullying. Participants included 179 immigrant‐origin and non‐immigrant‐origin youth (Mage = 13.23; SD = 1.55; 79 immigrant‐origin youth). Participants' bystander judgements and responses to bullying and retaliation were examined via a hypothetical scenario. Further, participants' intergroup attitudes towards immigrants and their social‐cognitive skills were evaluated. ANOVA results showed that immigrant‐origin youth judged bullying as less acceptable and retaliation as more acceptable compared to non‐immigrant‐origin youth, documenting that group membership is related to adolescents' judgements. A similar pattern was observed in active bystander responses. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that immigration background, intergroup process in the context of immigration, and social‐cognitive skills predict bystander responses to bullying and retaliation. This study provides important implications for anti‐bullying intervention programmes to overcome the negative consequences of retaliation in the escalation of aggressive behaviours.
External validation of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre and Briganti nomograms for the prediction of lymph node involvement of prostate cancer using clinical stage assessed by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Soeterik Timo F.W. , Hueting Tom A. , Israel Bas , van Melick Harm H.E. , Dijksman Lea M. , Stomps Saskia , Biesma Douwe H. , Koffijberg Hendrik , Sedelaar Michiel , Witjes J. Alfred , van Basten Jean‐Paul A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of using clinical stage assessed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) on the performance of two established nomograms for the prediction of pelvic lymph node involvement (LNI) in patients with prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing robot‐assisted extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) from 2015 to 2019 at three teaching hospitals were retrospectively evaluated. Risk of LNI was calculated four times for each patient, using clinical tumour stage (T‐stage) assessed by digital rectal examination (DRE) and by mpMRI, in the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC; 2018) and Briganti (2012) nomograms. Discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]), calibration, and the net benefit of these four strategies were assessed and compared.ResultsA total of 1062 patients were included, of whom 301 (28%) had histologically proven LNI. Using DRE T‐stage resulted in AUCs of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.72) for the MSKCC and 0.73 (95% CI 0.72–0.74) for the Briganti nomogram. Using mpMRI T‐stage, the AUCs were 0.72 (95% CI 0.71–0.73) for the MSKCC and 0.75 (95% CI 0.74–0.76) for the Briganti nomogram. mpMRI T‐stage resulted in equivalent calibration compared with DRE T‐stage. Combined use of mpMRI T‐stage and the Briganti 2012 nomogram was shown to be superior in terms of AUC, calibration, and net benefit. Use of mpMRI T‐stage led to increased sensitivity for the detection of LNI for all risk thresholds in both models, countered by a decreased specificity, compared with DRE T‐stage.ConclusionT‐stage as assessed by mpMRI is an appropriate alternative for T‐stage assessed by DRE to determine nomogram‐based risk of LNI in patients with prostate cancer, and was associated with improved model performance of both the MSKCC 2018 and Briganti 2012 nomograms.
Distinct and dementia‐related synaptopathy in the hippocampus after military blast exposures
Authors: Almeida Michael F. , Piehler Thuvan , Carstens Kelly E. , Zhao Meilan , Samadi Mahsa , Dudek Serena M. , Norton Christopher J. , Parisian Catherine M. , Farizatto Karen L.G. , Bahr Ben A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExplosive shockwaves, and other types of blast exposures, are linked to injuries commonly associated with military service and to an increased risk for the onset of dementia. Neurological complications following a blast injury, including depression, anxiety, and memory problems, often persist even when brain damage is undetectable. Here, hippocampal explants were exposed to the explosive 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX) to identify indicators of blast‐induced changes within important neuronal circuitries. Highly controlled detonations of small, 1.7‐gram RDX spherical charges reduced synaptic markers known to be downregulated in cognitive disorders, but without causing overt neuronal loss or astroglial responses. In the absence of neuromorphological alterations, levels of synaptophysin, GluA1, and synapsin IIb were significantly diminished within 24 hr, and these synaptic components exhibited progressive reductions following blast exposure as compared to their stable maintenance in control explants. In contrast, labeling of the synapsin IIa isoform remained unaltered, while neuropilar staining of other markers decreased, including synapsin IIb and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) isoforms, along with evidence of NCAM proteolytic breakdown. NCAM180 displayed a distinct decline after the RDX blasts, whereas NCAM140 and NCAM120 exhibited smaller or no deterioration, respectively. Interestingly, the extent of synaptic marker reduction correlated with AT8‐positive tau levels, with tau pathology stochastically found in CA1 neurons and their dendrites. The decline in synaptic components was also reflected in the size of evoked postsynaptic currents recorded from CA1 pyramidals, which exhibited a severe and selective reduction. The identified indicators of blast‐mediated synaptopathy point to the need for early biomarkers of explosives altering synaptic integrity with links to dementia risk, to advance strategies for both cognitive health and therapeutic monitoring.
Heterozygous NOTCH1 deletion associated with variable congenital heart defects
Authors: Roifman Maian , Chung Brian Hon Yin , Reid Diane Myles , Teitelbaum Ronni , Martin Nicole , Nield Lynne E. , Thompson Megan , Shannon Patrick , Chitayat David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPathogenic heterozygous variants in the NOTCH1 gene are known to be associated with both left and right‐sided congenital cardiac anomalies with strikingly incomplete penetrance and variable phenotypic expressivity. De novo NOTCH1 whole gene deletion has been reported rarely in the literature and its association with cardiac defects is less well established. Here, we report four cases of NOTCH1 gene deletion from two families associated with a spectrum of congenital heart defects from bicuspid aortic valve to complex cardiac anomalies. This is the first description of a familial NOTCH1 deletion, showing apparently high penetrance, which may be unique to this mechanism of disease. Immunohistochemical staining of cardiac tissue demonstrated reduced levels of NOTCH1 expression in both the left and right ventricular outflow tracts. These cases suggest that haploinsufficiency caused by NOTCH1 gene deletion is associated with both mild and severe cardiac defects, similar to those caused by pathogenic variants in the gene, but with apparently higher, if not complete, penetrance.
Immunohistochemical characteristics of lateral bone augmentation using different biomaterials around chronic peri‐implant dehiscence defects: An experimental in vivo study
Authors: Cha Jae‐Kook , Pla Rafael , Vignoletti Fabio , Jung Ui‐Won , Sanz‐Esporrin Javier , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the immunohistochemical characteristics of a highly porous synthetic bone substitute and a cross‐linked collagen membrane for guided bone regeneration.MethodsThree experimental groups were randomly allocated at chronic peri‐implant dehiscence defect in 8 beagle dogs: (i) biphasic calcium phosphate covered by a cross‐linked collagen membrane (test group), (ii) deproteinized bovine bone mineral covered by a natural collagen membrane (positive control) and (iii) no treatment (negative control). After 8 and 16 weeks of submerged healing, dissected tissue blocks were processed for immunohistochemical analysis. Seven antibodies were used to detect the remaining osteogenic and angiogenic potential, and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was done by software.ResultsThe antigen reactivity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the test group compared to the positive and negative controls, and it maintained till 16 weeks. The intensity of osteocalcin was significantly higher in the positive control at 8 weeks than the other groups, but significantly decreased at 16 weeks and no difference was found between the groups. A significant large number of TRAP‐positive cells were observed in the test group mainly around the remaining particles at 16 weeks. The angiogenic potential was comparable between the groups showing no difference in the expression of transglutaminase II and vascular endothelial growth factor.ConclusionGuided bone regeneration combining a highly porous biphasic calcium phosphate synthetic biomaterial with a crosslinked collagen membrane, resulted in extended osteogenic potential when compared to the combination of deproteinized bovine bone mineral and a native collagen membrane.
Intra‐osseous heat generation during implant bed preparation with static navigation: Multi‐factor in vitro study
Authors: Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Salomó‐Coll Oscar , Lozano‐Carrascal Naroa , Wang Hom‐Lay , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the intra‐osseous temperature reached during bone drilling for dental implant placement using open versus closed static surgical guides and evaluate the influence of bone density, osteotomy drilling depth, and irrigation fluid temperature.Material and methods960 osteotomies were performed with 2 mm pilot drills in 16 solid rigid polyurethane foam blocks. Two main variables were considered: the guide type (open or closed guide) and bone density (hard (D1) or soft (D4). The blocks were divided into four groups according to the type of surgical template and bone density as follows: group one: closed guide and hard bone; group two: open guide and hard bone; group three: closed guide and soft bone; and group four: open guide and soft bone. A combination of different experimental conditions was used, including different bone osteotomy depths (6 or 13 mm) and irrigation fluid temperatures (5°C or 21°C).ResultsThe highest mean temperature was found in group one (28.29 ± 4.02°C). In the soft bone groups (three and four), the mean maximum temperature decreased compared to groups one and two (dense bone) and was always higher with closed guides (23.38 ± 1.92°C) compared to open guides (21.97 ± 1.22°C) (p < .001). The osteotomy depth and irrigation fluid temperature also significantly influenced the bone temperature (p < .001), especially in hard bone.ConclusionsThe greatest heat generation was observed in high‐density bone. The final intra‐bone temperature was about 1°C higher with a closed static surgical guide than with an open guide. The heat generation in osteotomy sites was substantially reduced by cooling the irrigation fluid to 5°C.
Modeling heritability of temperamental differences, stress reactivity, and risk for anxiety and depression: Relevance to research domain criteria (RDoC)
Authors: Clinton Sarah M. , Shupe Elizabeth A. , Glover Matthew E. , Unroe Keaton A. , McCoy Chelsea R. , Cohen Joshua L. , Kerman Ilan A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnimal models provide important tools to study biological and environmental factors that shape brain function and behavior. These models can be effectively leveraged by drawing on concepts from the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative, which aims to delineate molecular pathways and neural circuits that underpin behavioral anomalies that transcend psychiatric conditions. To study factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality and stress reactivity, our laboratory utilized Sprague–Dawley rats that were selectively bred for differences in novelty exploration. Selective breeding for low versus high locomotor response to novelty produced rat lines that differ in behavioral domains relevant to anxiety and depression, particularly the RDoC Negative Valence domains, including acute threat, potential threat, and loss. Bred Low Novelty Responder (LR) rats, relative to their High Responder (HR) counterparts, display high levels of behavioral inhibition, conditioned and unconditioned fear, avoidance, passive stress coping, anhedonia, and psychomotor retardation. The HR/LR traits are heritable, emerge in the first weeks of life, and appear to be driven by alterations in the developing amygdala and hippocampus. Epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling in the developing and adult HR/LR brain suggest that DNA methylation and microRNAs, as well as differences in monoaminergic transmission (dopamine and serotonin in particular), contribute to their distinct behavioral phenotypes. This work exemplifies ways that animal models such as the HR/LR rats can be effectively used to study neural and molecular factors driving emotional behavior, which may pave the way toward improved understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in emotional disorders.
Horses vaccinated with live attenuated intranasal strangles vaccine seroconvert to SEQ2190 and SeM
Authors: Boyle Ashley G. , Mitchell Catriona , Stefanovski Darko , Waller Andrew S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe dual antigen iELISA uses two Streptococcus equi subsp equi surface protein antigens composed of N‐terminal portions of SEQ2190 (Antigen A) and SeM (Antigen C). It is currently used to identify animals exposed to S. equi which have developed an immune response to the target antigens.ObjectivesTo determine the usefulness of the dual antigen iELISA in a population of horses vaccinated with Pinnacle IN. We hypothesised that horses vaccinated for strangles with a live attenuated, non‐encapsulated SeM‐2 strain of S. equi, would seroconvert when tested 5 weeks later by the dual antigen iELISA.Study designProspective case‐control study.MethodsThree separate serum samples were obtained from 26 client‐owned horses vaccinated annually with Pinnacle® IN and 26 university‐owned (non‐vaccinates): at annual strangles vaccination (S1), 5‐week post‐vaccination (S2) from vaccinates, and a third (S3) (at 10 weeks) from vaccinates who received a booster. Seropositivity was defined as an OD450 nm value ≥0.5 for one or both antigens. Mixed‐effects ordered logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a suspect seropositive and seropositive value on the combined Antigen A and Antigen C iELISA. Post hoc pairwise comparisons of linear predictive margins were used to assess the differences in OD450 at a specific time between Antigens A and C.ResultsNineteen of 25 (76%) vaccinates were seropositive at S2 compared to 1 of 26 (4%) non‐vaccinates. When adjusted for sample number, vaccinates were more likely to be seropositive or suspect than non‐vaccinates (OR 14; P = .02, 95% CI 1.62‐122.03). The OD450 value was significantly larger for Antigen C than Antigen A for vaccinates (P < .001; 95% CI 0.13‐0.26) when normalised by age, sex and breed.Main limitationsGuttural pouch sampling for S. equi in seroconverted horses was unavailable.ConclusionsWith a high rate of seroconversion to both antigens, the use of the dual antigen iELISA is not recommended in populations vaccinated with Pinnacle® IN.
Microbial succession and dynamics in meromictic Mono Lake, California
Authors: Phillips Alexandra A. , Speth Daan R. , Miller Laurence G. , Wang Xingchen T. , Wu Fenfang , Medeiros Patricia M. , Monteverde Danielle R. , Osburn Magdalena R. , Berelson William M. , Betts Hannah L. , Wijker Reto S. , Mullin Sean W. , Johnson Hope A. , Orphan Victoria J. , Fischer Woodward W. ,   Geobiology Course 2017,   Geobiology Course 2018, Sessions Alex L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMono Lake is a closed‐basin, hypersaline, alkaline lake located in Eastern Sierra Nevada, California, that is dominated by microbial life. This unique ecosystem offers a natural laboratory for probing microbial community responses to environmental change. In 2017, a heavy snowpack and subsequent runoff led Mono Lake to transition from annually mixed (monomictic) to indefinitely stratified (meromictic). We followed microbial succession during this limnological shift, establishing a two‐year (2017–2018) water‐column time series of geochemical and microbiological data. Following meromictic conditions, anoxia persisted below the chemocline and reduced compounds such as sulfide and ammonium increased in concentration from near 0 to ~400 and ~150 µM, respectively, throughout 2018. We observed significant microbial succession, with trends varying by water depth. In the epilimnion (above the chemocline), aerobic heterotrophs were displaced by phototrophic genera when a large bloom of cyanobacteria appeared in fall 2018. Bacteria in the hypolimnion (below the chemocline) had a delayed, but systematic, response reflecting colonization by sediment “seed bank” communities. Phototrophic sulfide‐oxidizing bacteria appeared first in summer 2017, followed by microbes associated with anaerobic fermentation in spring 2018, and eventually sulfate‐reducing taxa by fall 2018. This slow shift indicated that multi‐year meromixis was required to establish a sulfate‐reducing community in Mono Lake, although sulfide oxidizers thrive throughout mixing regimes. The abundant green alga Picocystis remained the dominant primary producer during the meromixis event, abundant throughout the water column including in the hypolimnion despite the absence of light and prevalence of sulfide. Our study adds to the growing literature describing microbial resistance and resilience during lake mixing events related to climatic events and environmental change.
Combating ecosystem collapse from the tropics to the Antarctic
Authors: Bergstrom Dana M. , Wienecke Barbara C. , van den Hoff John , Hughes Lesley , Lindenmayer David B. , Ainsworth Tracy D. , Baker Christopher M. , Bland Lucie , Bowman David M. J. S. , Brooks Shaun T. , Canadell Josep G. , Constable Andrew J. , Dafforn Katherine A. , Depledge Michael H. , Dickson Catherine R. , Duke Norman C. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Holz Andrés , Johnson Craig R. , McGeoch Melodie A. , Melbourne‐Thomas Jessica , Morgain Rachel , Nicholson Emily , Prober Suzanne M. , Raymond Ben , Ritchie Euan G. , Robinson Sharon A. , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Setterfield Samantha A. , Sgrò Carla M. , Stark Jonathan S. , Travers Toby , Trebilco Rowan , Ward Delphi F. L. , Wardle Glenda M. , Williams Kristen J. , Zylstra Phillip J. , Shaw Justine D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, collapse of ecosystems—potentially irreversible change to ecosystem structure, composition and function—imperils biodiversity, human health and well‐being. We examine the current state and recent trajectories of 19 ecosystems, spanning 58° of latitude across 7.7 M km2, from Australia's coral reefs to terrestrial Antarctica. Pressures from global climate change and regional human impacts, occurring as chronic ‘presses’ and/or acute ‘pulses’, drive ecosystem collapse. Ecosystem responses to 5–17 pressures were categorised as four collapse profiles—abrupt, smooth, stepped and fluctuating. The manifestation of widespread ecosystem collapse is a stark warning of the necessity to take action. We present a three‐step assessment and management framework (3As Pathway Awareness, Anticipation and Action) to aid strategic and effective mitigation to alleviate further degradation to help secure our future.