bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Potentials of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn Stapf Twigs in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Joshua Marcella Tari , Wachuku Edna O. , Boisa N. , Nduka Nsirim 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant effects of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf. Twigs in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Study Design: The study is an experimental case-controlled study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between June, 2018 and April, 2019.
Methodology: A total of 65 male albino rats that weighed between 150g to 200g were used for this research study. Three different extracted solvents; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic twig extracts were administered to different groups of the rats. The male albino rats for this study were induced with a single dose of 40mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally of streptozotocin in 0.1M of citrate buffer, pH 4.5. The diabetic male rats were those whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) were from 250mg/dl or 13mmol/L and above. They were then divided into different groups and treated with different concentrations of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the plant material. At the end of treatment period, the rats were kept on fasting for 6 hours prior to the process of euthanasia, they were sacrificed and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for analysis into lithium heparin bottle for the estimation of oxidative stress markers, malondaldehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAS). Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad prism (version 6.1) software. Data generated were represented as mean and standard deviations (Mean ±S. D). Level of significant at Tukey’s Multiple Comparative Test was tested at p<0.0001. Charts were made possible with the application of Minitab version 2019.
Results: The results showed that there were significant increases in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, 414.2±1.30) ng/ml, total antioxidant status (TAS, 82.97±7.71) mU/ml, total oxidant status (TOS, 355.02± 14.02) mU/ml activity, a reduced oxidative stress index of 4.29±0.26 and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA of 18.67± 0.26mmol/L) when rats were treated with 400mg/kg of aqueous leaves of Morus mesozygia Linn. S. When compared with those of rats treated with 200mg/kg of aqueous leaf extracts of MMLS. there was a significant increases and decreases respectively. Other methods of extractions (methanolic and ethanolic), also improved the antioxidant statuses of the diabetes induced and treated rats after treatment of the extracts.
Conclusion: The three extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. S showed tremendous antioxidant effects against Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with the methanolic extract showing the most potent effect.
Gender-Based Assessment of Haematological Parameters of Obese Individuals in Omisanjana Area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Omotunde Precious , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma , Eze Richard I. , Edward Ukamaka , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Vincent C. C. N. , Chukwurah Ejike Felix , Akalonu Blessing Oluchi 
Published: September 2021

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem, it increases heart-related diseases and its prevalence continues to increase due to genetic and lifestyle influences. This study aims to evaluate the hematological parameters of obese individuals based on gender in the Omisanjana region of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: The research is based on a cross-sectional study of obese and non-obese individuals in hospitals. The study was carried out in the Omisanjana area of ​​Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and participated in the study. The data are shown in the table and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and are analyzed using the Student's t test of the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS, version 20.0), and the level of significance is established at p≤ 0.05.
Results: The results showed no significant difference in PCV (p=0.3783), WBC (p=0.501), LYM (p=0.149), GRAN (p=0.336), MID (p=0.242), ,RBC (p=0.243), HGB (p=0.086), HCT (p=0.323), MCV (p=0.943), MCH p=0.097), MCHC (p=0.922), PLT (p=0.941), when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals based on sex respectively.
Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant changes, and it may be because there are no significant changes in the physiological factors and the growth factors of the precursor cells in the bone marrow, so the body mass index (BMI) has no effect on hematological parameters.
Nutritional Awareness and Weight Status of Nursing College Students during COVID 19 Lockdown
Authors: Selvi K. Silambu , Kanniammal C. , Jayabharathi B. , Lakshmi E. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: The present study aim was to assess the BMI status and level of nutrition knowledge among nursing college students during covid19 lockdown
Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out during covid19 lockdown period in Tamil Nadu among 247 nursing college students .The tool used in the data collection comprised of a Google link form structured questionnaire with two sections. Section an included height, weight, socio-demographic variables and Section B elicited 45 Nutrition knowledge questions with 3 sub sections. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically.
Results: The nutrition knowledge level results showed that majority of 54.8% had moderate knowledge, 35.7% had adequate knowledge and only 9.6% of students had inadequate knowledge. Body mass index (BMI) status revealed that 58.5% of the students were in obese II stage,36% were in obese I stage, 3.7% were overweight, 1.1% were normal and 0.7% were found to be under weight .No significant association was found between level of nutritional knowledge and body mass index at 5% level (p=0.079). High significant association was found between “programme (p = 0.000), year of study (p = 0.000) and the level of nutritional knowledge at 1% level. There was significant association between Age (p = 0.020) Family income (p = 0.021) and the level of nutritional knowledge at 5% level.
Conclusion: Students had moderate level of nutritional knowledge and majority of them were found to be Obese. No significant association and correlation was found between level of nutritional knowledge and body mass index. Transformation of nutritional knowledge into practice and creating awareness about impact of obesity, healthy life style and dietary habits would enhance their knowledge and create positive attitude towards health challenges
Evaluation of Anti-oxidant and Anti-pyretic Activity of Leaf of Dendrobium chrysanthum
Authors: Basak Mrinmoy , Gogoi Pal , Ansari Sajidul Hoque , Dey Biplab Kumar , Sen Saikat , Laskar Moksood Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

This investigation is based on a very remarkable and interesting orchid of the genus Dendrobium widely available in Meghalaya (India) and it is the world second largest orchid genus. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-pyretic activity of leaf of Dendrobium chrysanthum. As the plants believed traditionally to have some anti-inflammatory activity used by the rural people of Meghalaya, use of medicinal plants and plants extract for the health procurement has always remain a common choice for the North- eastern people of India since ancient time. The leaf of Dendrobium c. was collected from Shillong, Meghalaya and extraction is done by using methanol as a solvent. The methanol extract found to have the constituents such as carbohydrate, glycoside, alkaloids, phenol and flavonoids. Acute anti-pyretic activity for the extract was investigated in pyrexia rat. Temperature level was determined after 1hours, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours after giving the extract dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight, and it was found to show potent anti-pyretic activity by reducing the temperature in rat. In-vitro anti-oxidant activity was studied by DPPH radical scavenging method of methanolic extract which shows 36.20 as IC50 (µg/ml) whereas the standard Ascorbic acid in the same concentration shows 32.81 IC50 (µg/ml). The obtained result justified the traditional use of Dendrobium c. as anti-pyretic and antioxidant purpose.
Antibiotics Using Pattern in Surgery Department of a Maternity and Children Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alharbi Abdulrahman G. 
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study aimed to identify antibiotics using pattern in surgery department of a maternity and children hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This is a retrospective review of the drugs that were prescribed in maternity and children hospital in Alkharj from January 2018 to August 2020.
Results: The most prescribed antibiotics by emergency department for surgery patients were metronidazole (45.59%) and ceftriaxone (42.65%). Metronidazole IV was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic (38.73%) by inpatient department for surgery patients followed by ceftriaxone (38.73%). Vancomycin vial (43.75%) was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic by critical care unit for surgery patients. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic outpatient department and day case unit for surgery patients by was fusidic acid ointment (35.00%).
Conclusion: The study showed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for surgery patients were metronidazole and ceftriaxone. Continuous monitoring for antibiotics prescribing is vital to increase the judicious use of these medications and more educational programs and awareness workshops for surgeons are needed.
A Comparative Analysis of Penetration and Adaptation of Two Types of Light Cure Pit and Fissure Sealants: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Sharma Garima Mukesh , Patil Jayashree Rajesh , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Reche Amit 
Published: September 2021

Background: Pit and fissure sealants are well-known for their ability to prevent occlusal caries. Given the difficulties of maintaining complete isolation for longer periods of time when treating young patients, a streamlined sealant application process is needed. As a result, the goal of the present study is to compare the penetration and adaption of 2 types of light cure sealants.
Objectives:

To evaluate the adaptation and penetration of Conseal f ‘pit and fissure sealant’.
To evaluate the adaptation and penetration of PF seal SE ‘pit and fissure sealant’.
To evaluate comparison of adaptation and penetration between two types of light cure sealants.

Methodology: This will be an in-vitro comparative study, which will consist of 2 categories - Group I (acid-etch fissure sealant, Conseal f) and Group II (self-etch fissure sealant, PF seal SE). A total of 20 extracted permanent teeth will then be classified into 2 groups of 10 teeth respectively and stereomicroscope will be used to compare the penetration and adaptation between two types of light cure pit and fissure sealants.
Expected Results: The study will evaluate the penetration and adaptation of two types of light cure sealants on the tooth surface which will provide the efficacy of the sealant.
Conclusion: The study will determine the sealing and penetration and adaption capacity of the sealant by the light cure method. And the sealants are beneficial and biocompatible in preventing, stopping the advancement of non-cavitated carious lesions. Additional study is needed to determine the relative advantages of the various categories of sealant material. In practice, the benefits of sealing should be examined locally, and practitioners should follow specific standards.
The Preferences of Male Students for Different Pharmacy Sectors in Research Project Course
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the students' preferences for different pharmacy departments in research project course in Al-Kharj.
Methodology: This study included a web-based survey using google forms delivered to the students about the students’ research interest. The students ranked the pharmacy departments according to their preferences. The descriptive data were represented as frequencies and percentages.
Results: The cumulative grade of 78.85% of the students was more than or equal to 3 out of 5. About 33.66% of them ranked pharmacology as their first choice and 33.66% of them selected clinical pharmacy as their first choice.
Conclusion: Pharmacy students were interested in conducting researched mainly in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy department. Training programs, workshops and lectures are required to enhance pharmacy students’ research capabilities.
Bacteriological Evaluation of Non-Regulated Herbal Remedies Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ndukwu C. L. C. , Akani N. P. , Wemedo S. A. , Sampson T. 
Published: September 2021

An essential mandate of food and drug regulatory agencies is to ensure that products offered for public consumption are free from such level of microbial contamination as to endanger the health of consumers. A number of herbal remedies offered to the public were found not to be regulated as evidenced by the absence of regulation numbers on the labels. Thus, this study sought to determine the level of bacterial contamination of packaged, labeled, non-regulated herbal remedies sold in Port Harcourt. Seventy two samples of twelve different locally produced, liquid, packaged, labeled, orally administered, non-regulated herbal remedies were purchased randomly from retail outlets within Port Harcourt metropolis. They were assessed for total heterotrophic bacterial counts (THBC) and total coliform counts (TCC). One hundred and sixty four bacterial strains obtained were characterized and identified by standard techniques employing Gram staining and biochemical methods. The mean THBC was 3.77±0.77 Log10cfu/ml ranging from 3.20±0.99 to 4.37±0.91Log10cfu/ml. The mean TCC was 3.17±1.02 Log10cfu/ml; with the range between 2.32±1.81 and 3.98±0.47 Log10cfu/ml. All 164 bacterial isolates belong to eleven genera, and 22 species namely Staphylococcus aureus (59;36.0%), Enterobacter cloacae (13; 7.9%), Enterobacter pyrinus (10; 6.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10; 6.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10; 6.1%), Bacillus subtilis, (8; 4.9%) Enterobacter aerogenes (7;4.3%), Serratia rubidaea (7;4.3%), Proteus (Cosenza) myxofaciens (6;3.7%), Staphylococcus epidimidis (6;3.7%) Serratia marcescens (4;2.4%) Bacillus cereus (3;1.8%), Citrobacter rodentium (3;1.8%), Enterobacter hormaechei, (3;1.8%) Klebsiella oxytoca, (3;1.8%) Proteus mirabilis (3;1.8%). Hafnia alvei (2;1.2%), Salmonella pullorum (2;1.2%), Streptococcus pyogenes (2;1.2%) Enterobacter cancerogenus (1; 0.6%) Salmonella enterica (1; 0.6%), Salmonella typhi (1; 0.6%). Given that these products were processed, packaged, labeled and offered for sale to the public without regulatory numbers, it is suggested that regulatory agencies should ensure that all such products are brought within the ambits of the regulatory laws.
Deformable registration of chest CT images using a 3D convolutional neural network based on unsupervised learning
Authors: Zheng Yongnan , Jiang Shan , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe deformable registration of 3D chest computed tomography (CT) images is one of the most important tasks in the field of medical image registration. However, the nonlinear deformation and large‐scale displacement of lung tissues caused by respiratory motion cause great challenges in the deformable registration of 3D lung CT images.Materials and methodsWe proposed an end‐to‐end fast registration method based on unsupervised learning, optimized the classic U‐Net, and added inception modules between skip connections. The inception module attempts to capture and merge information at different spatial scales to generate a high‐precision dense displacement vector field. To solve the problem of voxel folding in flexible registration, we put the Jacobian regularization term into the loss function to directly penalize the singularity of the displacement field during training to ensure a smooth displacement vector field. In the stage of data preprocessing, we segmented the lung fields to eliminate the interference of irrelevant information in the network during training. The existing publicly available datasets cannot implement model training. To alleviate the problem of overfitting caused by limited data resources being available, we proposed a data augmentation method based on the 3D‐TPS (3D thin plate spline) transform to expand the training data.ResultsCompared with the experimental results obtained by using the VoxelMorph deep learning method and registration packages, such as ANTs and Elastix, we achieved a competitive target registration error of 2.09 mm, an optimal Dice score of 0.987, and almost no folding voxels. Additionally, the proposed method was much faster than the traditional methods.ConclusionsIn this study, we have shown that the proposed method was efficient in 3D chest image registration. The promising results demonstrated that our method showed strong robustness in the deformable registration of 3D chest CT images.
Dicyanopyrazine‐derived Chromophore as An Efficient Photocatalyst for α‐amino C‐H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Wu Wentao , Wang Hong , Chen Jun , Bao Xiaoze , Tan Choon‐Hong , Ye Xinyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA formal method for C−H bond functionalization of amines with Michael acceptors and β‐fluorinated gem‐diols via α‐aminoalkyl radicals generated using organic photoredox catalysis is reported. Under transition‐metal free conditions, the α‐aminoalkyl radicals are produced by dicyanopyrazine‐derived photocatalyst through single electron transfer and subsequent deprotonation of C−H bonds, then the functionalized products are formed through later addition of generated radicals to electron‐deficient alkenes. This work demonstrates the synthetic utilization of α‐aminoalkyl radicals and photoredox potential of dicyanopyrazine‐derived chromophore as a photocatalyst.
A biomarker‐based study of prenatal smoking exposure and autism in a Finnish national birth cohort
Authors: Cheslack‐Postava Keely , Sourander Andre , Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki Susanna , McKeague Ian W. , Surcel Heljä‐Marja , Brown Alan S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMaternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy is a common and persistent exposure linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring. However, previous studies provide mixed evidence regarding the relationship between prenatal smoking and offspring autism. This study used cotinine level, a biomarker for nicotine, to investigate the relationship between prenatal smoking and autism. The authors conducted a population‐based case–control study nested in a national cohort of all births in Finland from 1987 to 2005. Cases diagnosed with childhood autism (ICD‐10/9 code F84.0/299.0) through 2007 were identified using data from linked national registers. Each case was matched with a control on date of birth (±30 days), sex, and place of birth (N = 962 pairs). Maternal serum cotinine levels were prospectively measured in first‐ to early second‐trimester serum samples archived in a national biobank using a quantitative immunoassay. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Prenatal maternal levels of serum cotinine were not associated with the odds of autism, whether cotinine was classified continuously, by deciles, or using previously defined categories corresponding to probable maternal smoking status. After adjusting for maternal age, paternal age, previous births, and any history of parental psychiatric disorder, the odds ratio for categorical high versus low cotinine, using a 3‐level exposure variable, was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.76, 1.26; p = 0.88). In conclusion, this national birth cohort‐based study does not provide evidence for an association between maternal cotinine, a biomarker of maternal smoking, and risk of autism.Lay SummaryThis study explored whether prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke in mothers is related to the diagnosis of autism in their children, by measuring the levels of cotinine, a biomarker for tobacco exposure, in stored serum samples drawn from mothers during pregnancy. The levels of cotinine in the mothers of children diagnosed with autism were similar to those in the mothers of control children of similar age and gender distribution.
The use of performance criteria for determining “mastery” in discrete‐trial instruction: A call for research
Authors: Fienup Daniel M. , Carr James E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance criterion (also known as the mastery criterion) is the operationalized performance standard that behavior must reach before instruction ceases, changes, or becomes focused on other goals, such as stimulus generalization and response maintenance. Although performance criteria are widely used in skill‐acquisition research and practice, there has been little experimental research on the topic. Thus, we provide a review of relevant research and offer suggestions for future research based on the different performance‐criterion components.
Control of gene expression in engineered mammalian cells with a programmable shear‐stress inducer
Authors: Strittmatter Tobias , Argast Paul , Buchman Peter , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn humans, cellular mechanoperception serves as the basis of touch sensation and proprioception, contributes to the proper programming of cell fate during embryonic development, and plays a pivotal role in the development of mechanosensitive tissues. Molecular mechanoreceptors can respond to their environment by mediating transient adjustments of ion homeostasis, which subsequently trigger calcium‐dependent alteration of gene expression via specific signaling pathways such as the nuclear factor of the activated T‐cells pathway. Although, mechanoreceptors are potential drug targets for various diseases, current techniques to study mechanically gated processes are often based on custom‐tailored microfluidic systems, which require special setups or have limited throughput. Here, we present a platform to characterize shear‐stress‐triggered, calcium‐mediated gene expression, which employs a programmable, 96‐well‐format, shear‐stress induction device to examine the effects of imposing various mechanical loads on mammalian adherent cell lines. The presented method is suitable for high‐throughput experiments and provides a large tunable parameter space to optimize conditions for different cell types. Our findings indicate that the device is an effective tool to explore conditions in terms of frequency, intensity, intervals as well as extracellular matrix composition alongside the evaluation of different combinations of mechanosensitive proteins for mechanically activated gene expression. We believe our results can serve as a platform for further investigations into shear stress‐controlled gene expression in basic research and drug screening.