bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity in young adults clustered by anxiety and depression
Authors: Eck Kaitlyn M. , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesLittle is known about how anxiety and depression in combination relate to eating disorder concerns (eating, shape, and weight concern) and behaviors (restraint eating, binge eating, and purging) indicative of eating disorder symptom severity. This study examined links among disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity clustered by depression and anxiety.MethodsCollege students (n = 1792) completed a survey comprised of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7), 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) assessing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and Eating Disorder Exam Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) assessing concerns and behaviors indicative of disordered eating.ResultsCluster analysis yielded four groups: not depressed or anxious to subclinical, moderate, and high depression and anxiety. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated overall eating disorder severity scores increased significantly as GAD and MDD increased, suggesting that as anxiety and depression rise in tandem, disturbed eating severity rises. Results revealed that even at subclinical levels, disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and overall severity scores increase.DiscussionFuture interventions aiming to reduce disordered eating in young adults may be strengthened by incorporating depression and anxiety management strategies. A screening for subclinical anxiety and depression (Mixed Anxiety and Depression Disorder [MADD]) may be helpful in providing early intervention to resolve disordered eating behaviors before they become entrenched.
Construction and validation of a novel aging‐related gene signature and prognostic nomogram for predicting the overall survival in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Lixiao , Zhao Jinduo , Du Xuedan , Zhao Ye , Zou Chengyang , Zhou Heling , Li Wenfeng , Yan Xiaojian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The objective of this study was to establish and validate an individual aging‐related gene signature and a clinical nomogram that can powerfully predict independently the overall survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer.MethodsData on transcriptomic profile and relevant clinical information were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as a training group, and the same data from three public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases as validation groups. Univariate Cox regression analysis, lasso regression analysis, and multiple multivariate Cox analysis were analyzed sequentially to select the genes to be included in the aging‐associated signature. A risk scoring model was established and verified, the predictive value of the model was evaluated, and a clinical nomogram was established.ResultsWe found eight genes that were most relevant to prognosis and constructed an eight‐mRNA signature. Based on the model, each OC patient's risk score was able to be calculated and patients were split into groups of low and high risks with a distinct outcome. Survival analysis confirmed that the outcome of patients in the high‐risk group was dramatically shorter than that of those in the low‐risk group, and the eight‐mRNA signature can be considered as a powerful and independent predictor that could predict the outcome of OC patient. Additionally, the risk score and age can be used to construct a clinical nomogram as a simpler tool for predicting prognosis. We also explored the association between the risk score and immunity and drug sensitivity.ConclusionThis study suggested that the aging‐related gene signature could be used as an intervention point and latent prognostic predictor in OC, which may provide new perceptions for postoperative treatment strategies.
Using Parental Attachment in Family Court Proceedings: An Empirical Study of the DMM‐AAI
Authors: Spieker Susan J. , Crittenden Patricia M. , Landini Andrea , Grey Ben 
Published: November 2021

Two methods for classifying Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI) for family court decision‐making, Berkeley and DMM, differ in their usefulness for family court. Both expand Ainsworth's three ABC infant categories. The Berkeley method adds a fourth Disorganised/Unresolved category in adulthood, but has low specificity and validity for risk parents. The DMM method identifies an expanding array of strategies across the lifespan, as neurological development makes more complex strategies possible. This study examined DMM‐AAI classifications in a sample of 332 British AAIs and compared the results to published meta‐analyses of the Berkeley AAI. Six a priori hypotheses addressed the central question raised: which classificatory method for the AAI is more useful for child protection? DMM‐AAI classifications differentiated between (i) normative adults, (ii) parents with mental health problems, (iii) parents in family court proceedings and (iv) incarcerated violent criminals on attachment, psychological trauma and pervasively high or low arousal. We assert that the DMM‐AAI is sufficiently valid and discriminating for court use and that it can contribute to court decision‐making when integrated with other assessments and clinical reports.‘Which classificatory method for the AAI is more useful for child protection?’Key Practitioner Messages

DMM‐AAIs, classified by authorised experts, meet forensic criteria.
DMM‐AAIs differentiate maltreating parents from other parents in attachment strategy, trauma and parental reasoning.
DMM‐AAI classifications indicate the type of services parents are ready for. Parents with particular classifications might need their own safety addressed before they can benefit from parent training.
Customised service plans can help maltreating parents to meet their basic needs so as to better meet their children's needs.
COVID‐19‐associated thrombotic angiopathy improved after plasma exchange
Authors: Elkayam Natalie , Raju Gagan , Huang Yiwu , Lipshitz Jay , Peeke Stephen , Bluth Martin H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUtilization of therapeutic plasma exchange in select patients with COVID‐19 microangiopathy may provide useful treatment by modulation of inflammatory cytokines and coagulation cascade to maintain homeostasis.
Impaction caused by a rare erupted peripheral compound odontoma
Authors: Marya Anand , Venugopal Adith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOdontomas are common occurrences in the oral cavity and can be classified as complex or compound. Erupted peripheral compound odontomas are rare and present in the extra‐osseous soft tissues. In this case, the odontoma led to the impaction of permanent teeth, due to which removal of the lesion was advised.
Facile One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper Nanowires and Their Impact on the EMI Shielding Capability of Epoxy Composites
Authors: Rajesh Kumar Bheema , Etika Krishna C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work epoxy nanocomposites containing varying content of copper nanowires (CuNW) were produced. The CuNW were synthesized using a facile one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis method. The composites were characterized for their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness in the X‐band. The electrical conductivity of the epoxy composites was measured, and the composites containing 12 wt % CuNW demonstrated percolated behavior and exhibited a frequency‐independent conductivity value of 1.76 × 10−6 S m−1 in the range of 25–200 Hz. The 12 wt % CuNW sample demonstrated an EMI shielding effectiveness value of 6.5 dB, which corresponds to 77.1 % attenuation of the incident electromagnetic wave. Furthermore, an absorption‐dominated shielding mechanism was observed in these composites.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Terminal vs. Fluorine‐Substituted N‐Allenamides via Addition of Diazo Compounds to Terminal Ynamides
Authors: Zheng Yongxiang , Moegle Baptiste , Ghosh Santanu , Perfetto Anna , Luise Davide , Ciofini Ilaria , Miesch Laurence 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA copper‐mediated coupling reaction between ynamides and diazo‐compounds to produce N‐allenamides is reported for the first time. This method enables facile and rapid access to terminal N‐allenamides by using commercially available TMS‐diazomethane with wide functional group compatibility on the nitrogen. Furthermore, the ubiquity of molecules containing a fluorine moiety in medicine, in agricultural, and material science requires the continuous search of new building blocks, including this unique surrogate. The CuI/diazo protocol was successfully applied to the synthesis of fluorine‐substituted N‐allenamides. DFT calculations provided insights in the mechanism involved.
Determination of reactivity ratios for acrylic acid and its dimer from classical parameter estimation and Bayesian approach
Authors: Hungenberg Klaus‐Dieter , Schwede Christian , Wulkow Michael , Wulkow Niklas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe reactivity ratios of acrylic acid (AA, M1) and its dimer β‐acroyloxypropionic acid (diAA, M2) are determined from cumulative copolymerization data by two different methods: classical parameter estimation (PE) by minimizing the objective function and a Bayesian analysis. Classical PE gives and at the minimum of the residual. From the Bayesian analysis, the probability distribution of the parameter sets is obtained, revealing the existence of parameter sets with rather the same probability. The influence of the number of data and the size of the measurement error are discussed.
Epidemiology of small intestine cancer in Iran
Authors: Azizmohammad Looha Mehdi , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Zarean Elaheh , Khodakarim Soheila 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the epidemiology of small intestine (SI) cancer in Iran, a rare cancer entity worldwide.AimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence patterns and survival rates of SI cancer in Iran through a population‐based study.Methods and ResultsData on all reported cases of SI cancer were extracted from the Iran National Cancer Registry based on ICD‐O‐3 codes. Age‐standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age‐specific incidence rates, standardized rate ratios (SRR), time trends, and absolute survival rates were calculated.During 2005–2015, a total of 4928 SI cancers (ASIR: 0.87/100 000) were diagnosed, including 2835 carcinomas (ASIR: 0.51), 214 neuroendocrine malignancies (ASIR: 0.04), 228 sarcomas (ASIR: 0.04), and 704 lymphomas (ASIR: 0.11). Carcinomas and lymphomas occurred more frequently in men than in women (SRR: 1.37/100 000 and 1.85/100 000, respectively), while the other two histological subtypes were almost equally distributed. 78% of carcinomas and 53% of neuroendocrine tumors were located in the duodenum. Sarcomas occurred most frequently in the jejunum (41%), while lymphomas were most frequently in the ileum (44%). From 2005 to 2015, the number of reported cases of SI cancer increased by 9.6% per year. The median age of diagnosis for women and men was 61. The absolute 5‐year survival rate was 35.3%, varying by sex, age, and subtype. Carcinomas had the lowest survival rate (24.1%) while neuroendocrine carcinomas had the highest survival rate (69.7%).ConclusionEpidemiological patterns of SI cancer in Iran differed slightly from patterns in the United States and the United Kingdom. In contrast to other countries, the neuroendocrine form is presented as the rarest subtype in Iran. The overall incidence of SI cancer was lower in Iran than in high‐income countries. In contrast, the average prognosis of SI cancer was worse in Iran, indicating the need to improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Pilocarpine‐Induced Effects on Salivary Secretion as a Pharmacological Biomarker for Cholinergic Parasympathetic Activation
Authors: Treijtel Nicoline , Groenendaal‐van de Meent Dorien , Michon Ingrid , Korstanje Cees , Meijer John , Francke Klaus , Grossmann Matthias , de Vries Michiel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPilocarpine‐induced salivary secretion could serve as a nontherapeutic target engagement biomarker in a clinical setting to test the activity of an M3 positive allosteric modulator (PAM). The potentiating effect on the reactivity of the M3 receptor to the agonistic effect of pilocarpine would support the mechanism of action of an M3 PAM in a variety of therapeutic areas. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pilocarpine dose needed for evaluation of this potentiating effect. Therefore, the effects of pilocarpine on salivary secretion rate and its pharmacokinetics were explored at single doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg of pilocarpine or placebo. The study also explored the test‐retest variability of the pilocarpine‐induced effects on salivary secretion. Pilocarpine caused a reproducible, dose‐related increase in overall and maximum salivary secretion rate, in line with pilocarpine exposure. Oral doses of pilocarpine from 2.5 to 10 mg were safe and well tolerated, consistent with the published safety profile. These results support the use of pilocarpine in single‐dose pharmacological challenge studies. The recommended dose for evaluating M3 PAM activity would be between 2.5 and 5 mg, showing a small increase in salivary secretion rate with room for further increase due to PAM activation.
Comparison of Liu and two parameter principal component estimator to combat multicollinearity
Authors: Kaçıranlar Selahattin , Özbay Nimet , Özkan Ecem , Güler Hüseyin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiased estimation methods like ridge regression, Liu‐type regression, two‐parameter regression and principal component regression have become very popular in the analysis of applied researches for health, economics, chemometrics, and social sciences in recent years. A dataset in such applied fields tends to be characterized by many independent variables on relatively fewer observations. In addition, there is a high degree of near collinearity among the explanatory variables. It is common knowledge that under these conditions, ordinary least squares estimations of regression coefficients may be very unstable, leading to very poor prediction accuracy. The aim of this article is to examine the performance of the combination of principal components regression and some biased regression estimators such as ridge, Liu and two‐parameter estimators. For this reason, a real‐life application is presented in which different selection methods of the biasing parameters are employed.
A cellular census of human peripheral immune cells identifies novel cell states in lung diseases
Authors: Song Dongli , Yan Furong , Fu Huirong , Li Liyang , Hao Jie , Zhu Zhenhua , Ye Ling , Zhang Yong , Jin Meiling , Dai Lihua , Fang Hao , Song Zhenju , Wu Duojiao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreasing evidence supports a central role of the immune system in lung diseases. Understanding how immunological alterations between lung diseases provide opportunities for immunotherapy. Exhausted T cells play a key role of immune suppression in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was proved in our previous study. The present study aims to furthermore define molecular landscapes and heterogeneity of systemic immune cell target proteomic and transcriptomic profiles and interactions between circulating immune cells and lung residential cells in various lung diseases. We firstly measured target proteomic profiles of circulating immune cells from healthy volunteers and patients with stable pneumonia, stable asthma, acute asthma, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, using single‐cell analysis by cytometry by time‐of‐flight with 42 antibodies. The nine immune cells landscape was mapped among those respiratory system diseases, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, eosinophil, γδT cells, monocytes, neutrophil and natural killer cells. The double‐negative T cells and exhausted CD4+ central memory T cells subset were identified in patients with acute pneumonia. This T subset expressed higher levels of T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein 3 (Tim3) and T‐cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) in patients with acute pneumonia and stable pneumonia. Biological processes and pathways of immune cells including immune response activation, regulation of cell cycle and pathways in cancer in peripheral blood immune cells were defined by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). The heterogeneity among immune cells including CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK T cells by single immune cell RNA‐seq with significant difference was found by single‐cell sequencing. The effect of interstitial telocytes on the immune cell types and immune function was finally studied and the expressions of CD8a and chemokine C–C motif receptor 7 (CCR7) were increased significantly in co‐cultured groups. Our data indicate that proteomic and transcriptomic profiles and heterogeneity of circulating immune cells provides new insights for understanding new molecular mechanisms of immune cell function, interaction and modulation as a source to identify and develop biomarkers and targets for lung diseases.
Get up early: Revealing behavioral responses of sandeel to ocean warming using commercial catch data
Authors: Henriksen Ole , Rindorf Anna , Mosegaard Henrik , Payne Mark R. , van Deurs Mikael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Warming of the oceans and shifts in the timing of annual key events are likely to cause behavioral changes in species showing a high degree of site fidelity. While this is well studied in terrestrial systems, there are fewer examples from the marine environment. Sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) is a small eel‐shaped teleost fish with strong behavioral attachment to sandy habitats in which they are buried from late summer through winter. When spring arrives, the sandeel emerge to feed during the day for several of months before returning to the sand for overwintering refuge.

Using fisheries data from the North Sea, we investigated whether catch rates reflect the timing of emergence and if seasonal patterns are related to temperature and primary production.

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used to describe sandeel emergence. We developed indicators of the relative timing of the emergence from the winter sand refuge and the subsequent growth period. Different modeling approaches were used to investigate the relationship with bottom temperature and primary production.

Variation in emergence behavior was correlated with variation in sea bottom temperature. Warmer years were characterized by earlier emergence. Significant warming over the last three decades was evident in all sandeel habitats in the North Sea throughout most of their adult life history, though no net shift in the phenology of emergence was detected. Minimum temperature during spring was a better predictor of emergence behavior than, for example, degree days.

This study emphasizes how temperature‐induced changes in behavior may have implications for predators and fisheries of sandeel. The method can be applied to other species for which the timing of exploitation (i.e., fisheries) and species life history are well matched.
Measuring Daphnia life history in the wild: The efficacy of individual field cages
Authors: O’Connor Michael , Sadler Daniel E. , Brunner Franziska S. , Reynolds Alan , White Nicola , Price Stephen , Plaistow Stewart J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLife‐history studies are often conducted in a laboratory environment where it is easy to assay individual animals. However, factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and nutrition vary greatly between laboratory and field environments, making it difficult to compare results. Consequently, there is a need to study individual life histories in the field, but this is currently difficult in systems such as Daphnia where it is not possible to mark and track individual animals. Here, we present a proof of principle study showing that field cages are a reliable method for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in Daphnia magna. As a first step, we compared the life history of paired animals reared outside and inside cages to test the hypothesis that cages allow free flow of algal food resources. We then used a seminatural mesocosm setting to compare the performance of individual field cages versus glass jars refilled with mesocosm water each day. We found that cages did not inhibit food flow and that differences in life histories between three clones detected in the jar assays were also detectable using the much less labor‐intensive field cages. We conclude that field cages are a feasible approach for collecting individual‐level life‐history data in systems such as Daphnia where individual animals cannot be marked and tracked.
Adaptive co‐evolution of mitochondria and the Y‐chromosome: A resolution to conflict between evolutionary opponents
Authors: Wade Michael J. , Fogarty Laurel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn most species with motile sperm, male fertility depends upon genes located on the Y‐chromosome and in the mitochondrial genome. Coordinated adaptive evolution for the function of male fertility between genes on the Y and the mitochondrion is hampered by their uniparental inheritance in opposing sexes: The Y‐chromosome is inherited uniparentally, father to son, and the mitochondrion is inherited maternally, mother to offspring. Preserving male fertility is problematic, because maternal inheritance permits mitochondrial mutations advantageous to females, but deleterious to male fertility, to accumulate in a population. Although uniparental inheritance with sex‐restricted adaptation also affects genes on the Y‐chromosome, females lack a Y‐chromosome and escape the potential maladaptive consequences of male‐limited selection. Evolutionary models have shown that mitochondrial mutations deleterious to male fertility can be countered by compensatory evolution of Y‐linked mutations that restore it. However, direct adaptive coevolution of Y‐ and mitochondrial gene combinations has not yet been mathematically characterized. We use population genetic models to show that adaptive coevolution of Y and mitochondrial genes are possible when Y‐mt gene combinations have positive effects on male fertility and populations are inbred.
Pollinator individual‐based networks reveal the specialized plant–pollinator mutualism in two biodiverse communities
Authors: Wang Lin‐Lin , Yang Yong‐Ping , Duan Yuan‐Wen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeneralization of pollination systems is widely accepted by ecologists in the studies of plant–pollinator interaction networks at the community level, but the degree of generalization of pollination networks remains largely unknown at the individual pollinator level. Using potential legitimate pollinators that were constantly visiting flowers in two alpine meadow communities, we analyzed the differences in the pollination network structure between the pollinator individual level and species level. The results showed that compared to the pollinator species‐based networks, the linkage density, interaction diversity, interaction evenness, the average plant linkage level, and interaction diversity increased, but connectance, degree of nestedness, the average of pollinator linkage level, and interaction diversity decreased in the pollinator individual‐based networks, indicating that pollinator individuals had a narrower food niche than their counterpart species. Pollination networks at the pollinator individual level were more specialized at the network level (H′2) and the plant species node level (d′) than at the pollinator species‐level networks, reducing the chance of underestimating levels of specialization in pollination systems. The results emphasize that research into pollinator individual‐based pollination networks will improve our understanding of the pollination networks at the pollinator species level and the coevolution of flowering plants and pollinators.