bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and analysis of blood donors seropositive for syphilis
Authors: Attie Adriana , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar , S. Witkin Steven , Derriga Juliana , Nishiya Anna S. , Ferreira Jerenice E. , Costa Natalia de Souza Xavier , Alves Salles Nanci , Facincani Tila , Levi Jose E. , Sabino Ester C. , Rocha Vanderson , Mendrone‐Jr Alfredo , Ferreira Suzete C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing incidence of syphilis worldwide has called attention to the risk of transmission by transfusion.AimsTo determine the prevalence of active syphilis in blood donors and characterise the serological profile of syphilis‐positive donors.MethodsSamples positive for Treponema pallidum using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) during blood donor screening from 2017 to 2018 were tested by the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) non‐treponemal test and for anti‐T. pallidum IgM by ELISA (Immunoassay Enzyme test for detection of IgM antibodies). The INNO‐LIA Syphilis test (Line Immuno Assay solid test for confirmation antibodies to Treponema pallidum) was performed as a confirmatory test on samples that were positive on ELISA‐IgM but negative on VDRL. ELISA‐IgM (+) samples were also tested for T. pallidum DNA in sera by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsOf 248 542 samples screened, 1679 (0.67%) were positive for syphilis by CMIA. Further analysis was performed on 1144 (68.1%) of these samples. Of those tested, 16% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(+), 16.5% were ELISA IgM(−)/VDRL(+), 4.1% were ELISA IgM(+)/VDRL(−), and 63.4% were ELISA IgM (−)/VDRL(−). The INNO‐LIA Syphilis test results were 33 (3%) positive, 2 (0.2%) undetermined and 12 (1%) negative. Of the 230 EIA‐IgM(+) samples (20.1%), 5 (2.2%) were PCR positive. The prevalence of active syphilis in 2017 and 2018 was 0.1% and 0.07%, respectively, and overall prevalence of serologic markers for syphilis was highest among male, unmarried, 25–34‐year‐olds with a high school education and who were first‐time donors.ConclusionThere is a risk of transfusion‐transmitted syphilis in blood banks that exclusively use the VDRL test for donor screening, as is currently the situation in some Brazilian blood centres, as well as in other blood centres around the world.
Automated detection of patients with dementia whose symptoms have been identified in primary care but have no formal diagnosis: a retrospective case–control study using electronic primary care records
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Sheppard Joanne , Oliver Seb , Rooney Philip , Banerjee Sube , Cassell Jackie A 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesUK statistics suggest only two-thirds of patients with dementia get a diagnosis recorded in primary care. General practitioners (GPs) report barriers to formally diagnosing dementia, so some patients may be known by GPs to have dementia but may be missing a diagnosis in their patient record. We aimed to produce a method to identify these ‘known but unlabelled’ patients with dementia using data from primary care patient records.DesignRetrospective case–control study using routinely collected primary care patient records from Clinical Practice Research Datalink.SettingUK general practice.ParticipantsEnglish patients aged >65 years, with a coded diagnosis of dementia recorded in 2000–2012 (cases), matched 1:1 with patients with no diagnosis code for dementia (controls).InterventionsEight coded and nine keyword concepts indicating symptoms, screening tests, referrals and care for dementia recorded in the 5 years before diagnosis. We trialled machine learning classifiers to discriminate between cases and controls (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, random forest).Primary and secondary outcomesThe outcome variable was dementia diagnosis code; the accuracy of classifiers was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC); the order of features contributing to discrimination was examined.Results93 426 patients were included; the median age was 83 years (64.8% women). Three classifiers achieved high discrimination and performed very similarly. AUCs were 0.87–0.90 with coded variables, rising to 0.90–0.94 with keywords added. Feature prioritisation was different for each classifier; commonly prioritised features were Alzheimer’s prescription, dementia annual review, memory loss and dementia keywords.ConclusionsIt is possible to detect patients with dementia who are known to GPs but unlabelled with a diagnostic code, with a high degree of accuracy in electronic primary care record data. Using keywords from clinic notes and letters improves accuracy compared with coded data alone. This approach could improve identification of dementia cases for record-keeping, service planning and delivery of good quality care.
Preferences for life-sustaining treatment in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Youn HyunChul , Lee Suk-young , Jung Han-yong , Kim Shin-Gyeom , Kim Seung‑Hyun , Jeong Hyun-Ghang 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesLife-sustaining treatment is any treatment that serves to prolong life without reversing the underlying medical conditions, and includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis and left ventricular assist devices. This study aimed to investigate the thoughts on life-sustaining treatment of Koreans and to assess the factors associated with deciding to not receive life-sustaining treatment if they develop a terminal disease.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGuro-gu centre for dementia from 1 May 2018 to 31 December 2019.ParticipantsIn total, 150 individuals participated in this study.Outcome measuresThe questionnaire consisted of self-report items with some instructions, demographic characteristics, thoughts on life-sustaining treatment and psychosocial scales. The preferences of the participants were investigated on the assumption that they develop terminal cancer. The psychosocial scales included the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS).ResultsWe classified our participants into two groups: individuals who wanted to receive life-sustaining treatment (IRLT) and individuals who wanted to not receive life-sustaining treatment (INLT). There were twice as many participants in the INLT group than there were in the IRLT. In making this decision, the INLT group focused more on physical and mental distress. Additionally, 32.7% of participants responded that terminal status was an optimal time for this decision, but more participants want to decide it earlier. The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher in the INLT group than in the IRLT group. However, the INLT group had significantly lower MSPSS family scores.ConclusionOur findings can help assess issues regarding advance directives and life-sustaining treatment, and will be a reference for designing future studies on this issue.
Does the UKCAT predict performance in medical and dental school? A systematic review
Authors: Greatrix Rachel , Nicholson Sandra , Anderson Susan 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesFor the first time, this systematic review provides a summary of the literature exploring the relationship between performance in the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) and assessments in undergraduate medical and dental training.DesignIn accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, relevant studies were identified through systematic literature searches. Electronic searches were carried out on EBSCO, EMBASE, Educational Resources Information Centre, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge. Studies which included the predictive validity of selection criteria including some element of the UKCAT were considered.Results22 papers were identified for inclusion in the study. Four studies describe outcomes from dental programmes with limited results reported. 18 studies reported on relationships between the UKCAT and performance in undergraduate medical training. Of these, 15 studies reported relationships between the UKCAT cognitive tests and undergraduate medical assessments. Weak relationships (r=0.00–0.29) were observed in 14 of these studies; four studies reported some moderate relationships (r=0.30–0.49). The strongest relationships with performance in medical school were observed for the UKCAT total score and the verbal reasoning subtest. Relationships with knowledge-based assessments scores were higher than those for assessments of skills as the outcome. Relationships observed in small (single and double centre studies) were larger than those observed in multicentre studies.ConclusionThe results indicate that UKCAT scores predict performance in medical school assessments. The relationship is generally weak, although noticeably stronger for both the UKCAT total score and the verbal reasoning subtest. There is some evidence that UKCAT continues to predict performance throughout medical school. We recommend more optimal approaches to future studies. This assessment of existing evidence should assist medical/dental schools in their evaluation of selection processes.
Randomised controlled trial to assess efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on bowel symptoms after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: study protocol
Authors: Asnong Anne , D"Hoore André , Van Kampen Marijke , Devoogdt Nele , De Groef An , Sterckx Kim , Lemkens Hilde , Wolthuis Albert , Van Molhem Yves , Van Geluwe Bart , Debrun Lynn , Geraerts Inge 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionRadical surgery after a total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer often results in a significant decrease in the patient’s quality of life, due to functional problems such as bowel, urinary and sexual dysfunction. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on these symptoms has been scarcely investigated. We hypothesise that the proportion of successful patients will be significantly higher in the intervention group, receiving 12 weeks of PFMT, compared with the control group without treatment. The primary outcome of this trial is the severity of bowel symptoms, measured through the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome questionnaire, 4 months after TME or stoma closure. Secondary outcomes are related to other bowel and urinary symptoms, sexual function, physical activity and quality of life.Methods and analysisThis research protocol describes a multicentre single blind prospective, randomised controlled trial. Since January 2017, patients treated for rectal cancer (n=120) are recruited after TME in three Belgian centres. One month following surgery or, in case of a temporary ileostomy, 1 month after stoma closure, patients are randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=60) or to the control group (n=60). The assessments concern the preoperative period and 1, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the local Ethical Committee of the University Hospitals Leuven (s59761) and positive advice from the others centres has been obtained. Dissemination of the results will be accomplished via guidelines and (non-)scientific literature for professionals as well as organisation of patient symposia.Trial registration numberNTR6383.
Research Evaluation Alongside Clinical Treatment in COVID-19 (REACT COVID-19): an observational and biobanking study
Authors: Burke Hannah , Freeman Anna , Dushianthan Ahilanandan , Celinski Michael , Batchelor James , Phan Hang , Borca Florina , Kipps Christopher , Thomas Gareth J , Faust Saul N , Sheard Natasha , Williams Sarah , Fitzpatrick Paul , Landers Dónal , Wilkinson Tom 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 places immense worldwide demand on healthcare services. Earlier identification of patients at risk of severe disease may allow intervention with experimental targeted treatments, mitigating the course of their disease and reducing critical care service demand.Methods and analysisThis prospective observational study of patients tested or treated for SARS-CoV-2, who are under the care of the tertiary University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (UHSFT), captured data from admission to discharge; data collection commenced on 7 March 2020. Core demographic and clinical information, as well as results of disease-defining characteristics, was captured and recorded electronically from hospital clinical record systems at the point of testing. Manual data were collected and recorded by the clinical research team for assessments which are not part of the structured electronic healthcare record, for example, symptom onset date. Thereafter, participant records were continuously updated during hospital stay and their follow-up period. Participants aged >16 years were given the opportunity to provide consent for excess clinical sample storage with optional further biological sampling. These anonymised samples were linked to the clinical data in the Real-time Analytics for Clinical Trials platform and were stored within a biorepository at UHSFT.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the HRA Specific Review Board (REC 20/HRA/2986) for waiver of informed consent for the database-only cohort; the procedures conform with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study design, protocol and patient-facing documentation for the biobanking arm of the study have been approved by North West Research Ethics Committee (REC 17/NW/0632) as an amendment to the National Institute for Health Research Southampton Clinical Research Facility-managed Southampton Research Biorepository. This study will be published as peer-reviewed articles and presented at conferences, presentations and workshops.
Universal interventions for suicide prevention in high-income Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries: a systematic review
Authors: Ishimo Marie-Claire , Sampasa-Kanyinga Hugues , Olibris Brieanne , Chawla Mitulika , Berfeld Noami , Prince Stephanie A , Kaplan Mark S , Orpana Heather , Lang Justin J 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionTo examine the effectiveness of universal suicide prevention interventions on reducing suicide mortality in high-income Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries.MethodsWe implemented a comprehensive search strategy across three electronic databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid). All studies using time-series, retrospective, prospective, pre–post or cross-sectional study designs were included. Studies were required to examine suicide mortality as the outcome of interest. To help organise the results, studies were grouped into six broad categories of universal interventions consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan. A narrative synthesis of results was used to describe the findings.ResultsOf the 15 641 studies identified through the search strategy, 100 studies were eligible in the following categories: law and regulation reforms (n=66), physical barriers (n=13), community-based interventions (n=9), communication strategies (n=4), mental health policies and strategies (n=7), and access to healthcare (n=1). Overall, 100% (13/13) of the included physical barrier interventions resulted in a significant reduction in suicide mortality. Although only 70% (46/66) of the law and regulation reform interventions had a significant impact on reducing suicide, they hold promise due to their extended reach. Universal suicide prevention interventions seem to be more effective at reducing suicide among males than females, identifying a need to stratify results by sex in future studies.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that universal suicide prevention interventions hold promise in effectively reducing suicide mortality in high-income OECD countries.
Distinct latent profiles based on neurobehavioural, physical and psychosocial functioning of former National Football League (NFL) players: an NFL-LONG Study
Authors: Brett Benjamin L , Walton Samuel R , Kerr Zachery Y , Nelson Lindsay D , Chandran Avinash , Defreese J D , Echemendia Ruben J , Guskiewicz Kevin M , Meehan III William P , McCrea Michael A 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo identify subgroups of former National Football League (NFL) players using latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine their associations with total years of participation (TYP) and self-reported lifetime sport-related concussion history (SR-CHx).MethodsFormer NFL players (N=686) aged 50–70 years, with an average 18.0 TYP (±4.5) completed a questionnaire. SR-CHx distributions included: low (0–3; n=221); intermediate (4–8; n=209) and high (9+; n=256). LPA measures included: Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Emotional–Behavioral Dyscontrol, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function, Emotional Support, Self-Efficacy, Meaning and Purpose, Physical Function, Pain Interference, Participation in Social Roles and Activities, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Sleep Disturbance. Demographic, medical/psychiatric history, current psychosocial stressors, TYP and SR-CHx were compared across latent profiles (LPs).ResultsA five profile solution emerged: (LP1) global higher functioning (GHF; 26.5%); (LP2) average functioning (10.2%); (LP3) mild somatic (pain and physical functioning) concerns (22.0%); (LP4) somatic and cognitive difficulties with mild anxiety (SCA; 27.5%); LP5) global impaired functioning (GIF; 13.8%). The GIF and SCA groups reported the largest number ofe- medical/psychiatric conditions and higher psychosocial stressor levels. SR-CHx was associated with profile group (χ2(8)=100.38, p<0.001); with a higher proportion of GIF (72.6%) and SCA (43.1%) groups reporting being in the high SR-CHx category, compared with GHF (23.1%), average (31.4%) and somatic (27.8%) groups. TYP was not significantly associated with group (p=0.06), with greater TYP reported by the GHF group.ConclusionsFive distinct profiles of self-reported functioning were identified among former NFL players. Several comorbid factors (ie, medical/psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial stressors) and SR-CHx were associated with greater neurobehavioural and psychosocial dysfunction.
Woven EndoBridge device for ruptured aneurysms: perioperative results of a US multicenter experience
Authors: Cortez Gustavo M , Akture Erinc , Monteiro Andre , Arthur Adam S , Peterson Jeremy , Dornbos David , Jabbour Pascal , Gooch M Reid , Sweid Ahmad , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Kayan Yasha , Rai Ansaar T , Boo SoHyun , Fiorella David , Vachhani Jay , Foreman Paul , Cress Marshall , Siddiqui Adnan H , Waqas Muhammad , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Hanel Ricardo A 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is approved in the USA for treatment of unruptured wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. However, the safety and effectiveness of the WEB device in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is not clear. We aim to evaluate the perioperative safety and effectiveness of the WEB device in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.MethodsThis retrospective study, conducted at eight centers in the USA, included patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with the WEB device in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Safety outcomes included intraoperative complications such as vessel perforation, thromboembolic events, and postoperative hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications based on radiologic imaging. The primary effectiveness outcome was adequate (complete and neck remnant) aneurysm occlusion, according to the Raymond–Roy classification.ResultsA total of 91 patients with 94 ruptured intracranial aneurysms were included (mean age 57.7±15.2 years; 68.1% women; 82.9% wide-necked). Aneurysms were located in the anterior communicating artery (42/94, 44.6%), middle cerebral artery (16/94, 17%), and basilar artery (15/94, 16%). Adequate occlusion was achieved in 48.8% (41/84) and 80.0% (40/50) at discharge and last follow-up (mean of 3.4 months), respectively. At discharge, procedural-related morbidity was 3.3% (3/91) and there was no procedure-related mortality. No re-rupture or delayed aneurysm rupture was observed.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the perioperative safety and effectiveness of the WEB device for the treatment of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the setting of SAH, with low periprocedural morbidity and mortality. Long-term follow-up is warranted.
Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression disorders in workers with work-related musculoskeletal strain or sprain in British Columbia, Canada: a comparison of men and women using administrative health data
Authors: Jones Andrea Marie , Koehoorn Mieke , Bültmann Ute , McLeod Christopher B 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and risk factors for medically treated anxiety and depression disorders among men and women with musculoskeletal strain or sprain work injury in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsA retrospective population-based cohort of accepted workers’ compensation lost-time claims from 2000 to 2013 was constructed using linked administrative health data. Anxiety and depression disorders were identified using diagnoses from physician, hospital and pharmaceutical records. The 1-year period prevalence was estimated for the year before and the year after injury. Sociodemographic, clinical and work-related risk factors for prevalent and new onset anxiety and depression disorders were examined using multinomial regression.Results13.2% of men and 29.8% of women had medically treated anxiety, depression or both in the year before injury. Only a slight increase (~2%) in the prevalence of these disorders was observed in the year after injury. Somatic and mental comorbidities were both strong risk factors for pre-existing and new onset anxiety and depression for both men and women, but these relationships were stronger for men.ConclusionAnxiety and depression disorders including those from prior to injury are common in workers with musculoskeletal strain or sprain and are associated with a complicated clinical profile. Gender-sensitive and sex-sensitive mental healthcare is an important consideration for work disability management.
Intraindividual association between shift work and risk of drinking problems: data from the Finnish Public Sector Cohort
Authors: Cheng Wan-Ju , Härmä Mikko , Koskinen Aki , Kivimäki Mika , Oksanen Tuula , Huang Ming-Chyi 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesStudies concerning the association between shift work and drinking problems showed inconsistent results. We used data from a large occupational cohort to examine the association between shift work and different types of drinking behaviour.MethodsA total of 93 121 non-abstinent workers from the Finnish Public Sector Study were enrolled in the study. Six waves of survey data were collected between 2000 and 2017. Work schedules were categorised as regular day, non-night shift and night shift work, and shift intensities were calculated from registered working hour data. Two indicators of adverse drinking behaviour were measured: at-risk drinking (>7 and >14 drinks per week in women and men, respectively) and high-intensity drinking (measured as pass-out experience). Intraindividual analysis was conducted using fixed-effects regression to examine the association between shift work and drinking behaviours.ResultsCompared with regular day work, night shift work was associated with an increased risk of high-intensity drinking (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) but a lower risk of at-risk drinking (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99). Shift workers who worked long shifts had a lower risk of at-risk drinking compared with those who rarely worked long shifts (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.93).ConclusionsAssociations between shift work and alcohol use vary according to drinking patterns. Workers engaged in high-intensity drinking more often during night shift schedules compared with day work, but did not drink averagely higher volume.