bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare‐Earth Permanent Magnet SmCo5 for Chiral Interfacial Spin‐Orbitronics
Authors: Zhou Heng‐An , Liu Jiahao , Wang Zidong , Zhang Qihan , Xu Teng , Dong Yiqing , Zhao Le , Je Soong‐Geun , Im Mi‐Young , Xu Kun , Zhu Jing , Jiang Wanjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInterfacially asymmetric magnetic multilayers made of heavy metal/ferromagnet have attracted considerable attention in the spintronics community for accommodating spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) and meanwhile for hosting chiral spin textures. In these multilayers, the accompanied interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI) permits the formation of Néel‐type spin textures. While significant progresses have been made in Co, CoFeB, Co2FeAl, CoFeGd based multilayers, it would be intriguing to identify new magnetic multilayers that could enable spin‐torque controllability and meanwhile host nanoscale skyrmions. In this report, first, thin films made of permanent magnet SmCo5 with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are synthesized, in which the deterministic SOT switching, enabled by the spin Hall effect, in Pt/SmCo5/Ta trilayer is demonstrated. Further, the stabilization of room‐temperature skyrmions with diameters ≈100 nm in [Pt/SmCo5/Ta]15, together with a skyrmionium‐like spin texture in [Pt/SmCo5/Ir]15 multilayers is shown. Based on the material specific parameters, micromagnetic simulations are also carried out. The results confirm the presence of chiral spin textures in this new material family. Through interfacial engineering, the results thus demonstrate that rare earth permanent magnets could be a new platform for studying interfacial chiral spintronics.
Galvanic Transformation Dynamics in Heterostructured Nanoparticles
Authors: Du Jingshan S. , He Kun , Xu Yaobin , Wahl Carolin B. , Xu David D. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorrosion is a significant problem for the stability of structural metals and potentially for functional nanomaterials in operating environments. When two metals with different electrochemical potentials form a junction, galvanic corrosion occurs, resulting in the sacrificial dissolution of the metal with a higher oxidation potential (lower electrode potential). Here, it is shown that bimetallic hetero‐nanostructures composed of phase‐segregated metals undergo galvanic corrosion in aqueous environments. Such selective etching of the sacrificial metal in heterojunction particles leads to the formation of unusual and kinetically stabilized half‐spheroid particles. By using a fluid cell and in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy, a two‐stage corrosion process can be observed where the Cu experiences a fractal breakdown before the Ag corrodes due to the lack of a protective oxide layer. However, when treated with a mild Ar plasma, the stability of these structures against corrosion is enhanced due to the conversion of the amorphous native oxide to a denser, thin layer of CuO on the Cu surface. Taken together, this work highlights the importance of considering the effects of galvanic corrosion on the stability of multicomponent nanoparticles, and it shows how mass transport in a nanoscale system is influenced by redox processes.
High‐Strength and Nonfouling Zwitterionic Triple‐Network Hydrogel in Saline Environments
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Tang Chenjue , Liu Di , Yuan Zhefan , Hung Hsiang‐Chieh , Luozhong Sijin , Gu Wenchao , Wu Kan , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZwitterionic hydrogels have received great attention due to their excellent nonfouling and biocompatible properties, but they suffer from weak mechanical strength in the saline environments important for biomedical and engineering applications due to the “anti‐polyelectrolyte” effect. Conventional strategies to introduce hydrophobic or non‐zwitterionic components to increase mechanical strength compromise their nonfouling properties. Here, a highly effective strategy is reported to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent nonfouling properties by constructing a pure zwitterionic triple‐network (ZTN) hydrogel. The strong electrostatic interaction and network entanglement within the triple‐network structure can effectively dissipate energy to toughen the hydrogel and achieve high strength, toughness, and stiffness in saline environments (compressive fracture stress 18.2 ± 1.4 MPa, toughness 1.62 ± 0.03 MJ m–3, and modulus 0.66 ± 0.03 MPa in seawater environments). Moreover, the ZTN hydrogel is shown to strongly resist the attachment of proteins, bacteria, and cells. The results provide a fundamental understanding to guide the design of tough nonfouling zwitterionic hydrogels for a broad range of applications.
Hyperbolic Nanoparticles on Substrate with Separate Optical Scattering and Absorption Resonances: A Dual Function Platform for SERS and Thermoplasmonics
Authors: Zhao Yingqi , Hubarevich Aliaksandr , Iarossi Marzia , Borzda Tetiana , Tantussi Francesco , Huang Jian‐An , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTuning optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures, including their absorption, scattering, and local‐field distribution is of great interest for various applications that rely on optical energy regulated by plasmonic effects. Conventional plasmonic nanostructures enhance light scattering and absorption simultaneously, leading to compromise for either surface‐enhanced spectroscopy or thermoplasmonic applications. In this paper, a dual functional platform based on a hyperbolic meta particles (HMP) substrate that exhibits separate and tuneable wavelengths of absorption and scattering resonances for both thermoplasmonics and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), is demonstrated. Significantly, either light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency at the absorption resonance band or SERS performance at the scattering resonance band of the HMP substrate is improved in comparison to those of plasmonic gold nanoparticles. Taking advantage of the flexible control of the separate scattering and absorption channels, the influence of the absorption resonance band position on the SERS signal is also investigated. The platform shows unique potential for in vitro biosensing in thermal modulation and in situ monitoring.
Stereo‐ and Regioselective [3+3] Annulation Reaction Catalyzed by Ytterbium: Synthesis of Bicyclic 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: del Corte Xabier , López‐Francés Adrián , de Marigorta Edorta Martínez , Palacios Francisco , Vicario Javier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn ytterbium catalyzed formal [3+3] cycloaddition of cyclic enamines and α,β‐unsaturated ketones catalyzed is reported. The reaction proceeds with a ‘head to tail’ regioselectivity through a conjugate addition of the enamine moiety followed by an amine‐carbonyl condensation. In addition the use of chiral enamines provided a high degree of stereoselectivity, driven by a possible balance between steric and π‐stacking effects. The resulting bicyclic 1,4‐dihydropyridines were evaluated as antiproliferative agents against A549 (carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cell) and SKOV3 (human ovarian carcinoma) human tumor cell lines. Good toxicities were found for some of the compounds against A549 and SKOV3 cell lines, with best IC50 values of 0.89 μM for A549 and 6.69 μM for SKOV3, and a very good selectivity was observed towards MRC5 (non‐malignant) cell lines.magnified image
Ultra‐High Performance Amorphous Ga2O3 Photodetector Arrays for Solar‐Blind Imaging
Authors: Qin Yuan , Li Li‐Heng , Yu Zhaoan , Wu Feihong , Dong Danian , Guo Wei , Zhang Zhongfang , Yuan Jun‐Hui , Xue Kan‐Hao , Miao Xiangshui , Long Shibing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for scalable solar‐blind image sensors with remarkable photosensitive properties has stimulated the research on more advanced solar‐blind photodetector (SBPD) arrays. In this work, the authors demonstrate ultrahigh‐performance metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) SBPDs based on amorphous (a‐) Ga2O3 via a post‐annealing process. The post‐annealed MSM a‐Ga2O3 SBPDs exhibit superhigh sensitivity of 733 A/W and high response speed of 18 ms, giving a high gain‐bandwidth product over 104 at 5 V. The SBPDs also show ultrahigh photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 3.9 × 107. Additionally, the PDs demonstrate super‐high specific detectivity of 3.9 × 1016 Jones owing to the extremely low noise down to 3.5 fW Hz−1/2, suggesting high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Underlying mechanism for such superior photoelectric properties is revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy and first principles calculation. Furthermore, for the first time, a large‐scale, high‐uniformity 32 × 32 image sensor array based on the post‐annealed a‐Ga2O3 SBPDs is fabricated. Clear image of target object with high contrast can be obtained thanks to the high sensitivity and uniformity of the array. These results demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the Ga2O3 PDs for applications in solar‐blind imaging, environmental monitoring, artificial intelligence and machine vision.
Purely Spin‐Vibronic Coupling Assisted Triplet to Singlet Up‐Conversion for Real Deep Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Over 20% Efficiency and y Color Coordinate of 0.05
Authors: Patil Vilas Venunath , Lee Ha Lim , Kim Inkoo , Lee Kyung Hyung , Chung Won Jae , Kim Joonghyuk , Park Sangho , Choi Hyeonho , Son Won‐Joon , Jeon Soon Ok , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFinding narrow‐band, ultrapure blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is extremely important for developing highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, spin–vibronic coupling (SVC)‐assisted ultrapure blue emitters obtained by joining two carbazole‐derived moieties at a para position of a phenyl unit and performing substitutions using several blocking groups are presented. Despite a relatively large singlet–triplet gap (∆EST) of >0.2 eV, efficient triplet‐to‐singlet crossover can be realized, with assistance from resonant SVC. To enhance the spin crossover, electronic energy levels are fine‐tuned, thereby causing ∆EST to be in resonance with a triplet–triplet gap (∆ETT). A sizable population transfer between spin multiplicities (>103 s−1) is achieved, and this result agrees well with theoretical predictions. An OLED fabricated using a multiple‐resonance‐type SVC‐TADF emitter with CIE color coordinates of (0.15, 0.05) exhibits ultrapure blue emissions, with a narrow full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 21 nm and a high external quantum efficiency of 23.1%.
Complementary of Ferroelectric and Floating Gate Structure for High Performance Organic Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: He Lihua , Li Enlong , He Weixin , Yan Yujie , Lan Shuqiong , Yu Rengjian , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic thin film transistor (OTFT) based nonvolatile memory has made significant progress due to its biocompatibility, flexibility, and low cost, in which ferroelectric transistor memory and floating gate transistor memory play the main roles in organic nonvolatile transistor memory. Here, a novel layered hybrid structure OTFT nonvolatile memory is invented by combining ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) P(VDF‐TrFE) with a floating gate layer utilizing CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), which integrates the advantages of ferroelectric memory and floating gate memory. The core–shell structured CdSe/Zns QDs are acted as robust charge trapping centers due to their band structure similar to a quantum well, preventing the back diffuse of trapped charges, while P(VDF‐TrFE) provides additional polarized electric field to modulate the capture of charge. The resultant devices exhibit high on‐state current (≈10−5 A), low off‐state current (≈10−10 A), excellent switch ratio (≈105), and retention characteristic (>104 s). Furthermore, a superior memory window, more than 85.6% of scanning voltage range, higher than most reported organic transistor memories, is achieved, which endows the device wide operating condition and significant discrimination between on and off state. The fine‐structured OTFT memory opens up a unique path for desirable memory to meet the growing demand of microelectronic industry.
Modulating 3d Orbitals of Ni Atoms on Ni‐Pt Edge Sites Enables Highly‐Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Min , Li Hangfei , Long Anchun , Zhou Bo , Lu Fei , Zhang Fengchu , Zhan Fei , Zhang Zhenxin , Xie Weiwei , Zeng Xianghua , Yi Ding , Wang Xi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWater electrolysis operating in alkaline environments is a promising route to produce H2 on a massive scale. In this context, designing highly‐active and low‐cost electrocatalysts is of great importance. Here NiPt alloys with plenty of atomically dispersed Pt at the edges to boost hydrogen evolution in alkaline solution are reported. The formed Ni‐Pt atomic pairs at the edges hold engineered electronic structures by reducing the number of coordination atoms to facilitate the kinetically sluggish Volmer step, and further promote the hydrogen coupling step by providing separate active sites as well. With a Pt content of 3at%, this catalyst records an ultralow overpotential of 6 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and delivers a current density of 68.3 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 30 mV, exceeding that of the commercial 20wt% Pt/C catalyst by a factor of >4. The aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy and quasi‐operando X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements show Ni‐Pt atomic pairs serve as active sites and enable the subtle adsorption/desorption balances between various intermediates (OH* and H*) during the hydrogen evolution reaction. The as‐made alloys show high stability with negligible activity decay after a 12 h chronoamperometric test, addressing its feasibility in an overall water‐splitting cell.
Thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogels with high mechanical strength and toughness based on a dual crosslinking strategy
Authors: Gu Heng , Wang Gang , Cao Xiaodong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe practical application of thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels are severely limited by their poor mechanical properties. Herein, we reported a series of dual crosslinked (DC) PNIPAM hydrogels with superior mechanical properties prepared by simple copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate (SA) in the laponite RDS suspension, following by a soaking process in multivalent metal cations (e.g., Ca2+, Al3+, Fe3+) aqueous solutions to form ionic coordination interactions with COO groups of copolymer side chains. The effect of laponite RDS, AANa (sodium acrylate), and metal cation (e.g., Fe3+) concentrations on the mechanical properties and deswelling properties of the DC hydrogels are evaluated. The DC hydrogel prepared with 10 w/v% laponite RDS, 0.25 mol/L AANa and 0.45 mol/L Fe3+ possesses the best mechanical properties (ca. 1.1 MPa of tensile strength, 9.1 MPa of compression strength at 80% of compression strain, 1.4 MPa of elastic modulus and 1.3 MJ/m3 of toughness). Moreover, we also discovered that the DC hydrogels crosslinked by Fe3+ showed better mechanical properties due to the larger charge and ion radius of Fe3+.
Extended state observer‐based finite time control of electro‐hydraulic system via sliding mode technique
Authors: Zou Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe position tracking control of electro‐hydraulic system (EHS) is disposed in this paper via sliding mode control (SMC) with nonlinear sliding surface. The main feature of the proposed controller is the combination of a totally singular‐free recursive terminal sliding mode controller (RTSMC) with an extended state observer (ESO). The uncertainties (including the unknown external disturbance) together with its derivatives and the unmeasured states of EHS are estimated simultaneously by the ESO while the controller is designed by employing the recursive nonsingular TSMC (RNTSMC), and a nonlinear sliding surface is employed to totally avoid the singularity in the traditional RNTSMC. Moreover, the observer dynamics are considered during the controller design. The position tracking error is proven to be bounded in finite time via Lyapunov theory, and the bound can be effectively reduced by tuning the parameters of the controller and observer. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is not sensitive to model uncertainties and external disturbances.
Pharmacokinetics of S‐epacadostat, an indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 inhibitor, in dog plasma and identification of its metabolites in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yumu , Li Xin , Sun Yufei , Liu Xinghua , Wang Wenyan , Tian Jingwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractS‐epacadostat (S‐EPA) is an efficient and selective small‐molecule inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1. It is an EPA analog with a sulfur atom instead of a nitrogen atom at the furazan C3 position. This study documents the pharmacokinetics of S‐EPA in dogs and its metabolic pathway. After an oral administration of 15 mg/kg of S‐EPA in dogs, the time to peak concentration was 0.80 h, the mean elimination half‐life was 7.3 h, and the absolute bioavailability was 55.8%. Furthermore, we identified S‐EPA metabolites in dog plasma and dog liver microsomes by UPLC‐Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. In dog plasma, we found five metabolites, which came from glucuronidation (M1 and M2), deoxygenation (the amidine M4), glucuronidation of M4 (M3), and desulfonamidation and oxidation of M4 (the carboxylic acid M5). In dog liver microsomes, we identified three major metabolites, namely, the glucuronide conjugate (M6), a mono‐oxidation product (M7), and a desulfonamidation and oxidation product (M8). Gut microbiota may cause the differences between in vivo and in vitro oxidation metabolisms. Contrary to EPA, S‐EPA did not undergo dealkylation, suggesting that substituting the nitrogen with sulfur affects the metabolism of the adjacent alkyl side chain.
Cognitive changes and brain connectomes, endocrine status, and risk genotypes in testicular cancer patients–A prospective controlled study
Authors: Buskbjerg Cecilie R. , Amidi Ali , Agerbaek Mads , Gravholt Claus H. , Hosseini SM Hadi , Zachariae Robert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has indicated cognitive decline (CD) among testicular cancer patients (TCPs), even in the absence of chemotherapy, but little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. The present study assessed changes in cognitive functions and structural brain connectomes in TCPs and explored the associations between cognitive changes and endocrine status and hypothesized risk genotypes.MethodsThirty‐eight newly orchiectomized TCPs and 21 healthy controls (HCs) comparable to TCPs in terms of age and years of education underwent neuropsychological testing, structural MRI, and a biological assessment at baseline and 6 months later. Cognitive change was assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and determined using a standardized regression‐based approach, with substantial change defined as z‐scores ≤−1.64 or ≥1.64. MRI scans and graph theory were used to evaluate changes in structural brain connectomes. The associations of cognitive changes with testosterone levels, androgen receptor gene (AR) CAG repeat length, and genotypes (APOE, COMT, and BDNF) were explored.ResultsCompared with HCs, TCPs showed higher rates of substantial decline on processing speed and visuospatial ability and higher rates of substantial improvement on verbal recall and visuospatial learning (p < 0.05; OR = 8.15–15.84). Brain network analysis indicated bilateral thalamic changes in node degree in HCs, but not in TCPs (p < 0.01). In TCPs, higher baseline testosterone levels predicted decline in verbal memory (p < 0.05). No effects were found for AR CAG repeat length, APOE, COMT, or BDNF.ConclusionsThe present study confirms previous findings of domain‐specific CD in TCPs following orchiectomy, but also points to domain‐specific improvements. The results do not indicate changes in brain connectomes or endocrine status to be the main drivers of CD. Further studies evaluating the mechanisms underlying CD in TCPs, including the possible role of the dynamics of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, are warranted.
Biological Insights and NMR Metabolic Profiling of Different Extracts ofSpermacoce verticillata(L.) G. Mey.
Authors: Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Zengin Gokhan , Fiorentino Antonio , D'Abrosca Brigida , Ak Gunes , Lobine Devina , Etienne Ouattara Katinan , Subratty Anwar Hussein , Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpermacoce verticillata(L.) G. Mey. is commonly used in the folk medicine by various cultures to manage common diseases. Herein, the chemical and biological profiles ofS. verticillatawere studied in order to provide a comprehensive characterization of bioactive compounds and also to highlight the therapeutic properties. Thein vitroantioxidant activity using free‐radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, ferrous‐ion chelating and reducing power assays, and the inhibitory activity against key enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase ofS. verticillataextracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were investigated. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content were observed in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Exhaustive 2DNMR investigation has revealed the presence of rutin, ursolic and oleanoic acids. The methanolic extract, followed by aqueous extract have showed remarkable free radical quenching and reducing ability, while the dichloromethane extract was the best source of metal chelators. The tested extracts showed notable inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (AChE: 1.63–4.99 mg GALAE/g extract and BChE: 12.40–15.48 mg GALAE/g extract) and tyrosinase (60.85–159.64 mg KAE/g extract). No inhibitory activity was displayed by ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts against BChE and tyrosinase, respectively. All the tested extracts showed modest α‐amylase inhibitory activity, while only the ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were potent against α‐glycosidase. This study further validates the use ofS. verticillatain the traditional medicine, while advocating for further investigation for phytomedicine development.
Helical Bisphosphinites in Asymmetric Tsuji‐Trost Allylation: a Remarkable P:Pd Ratio Effect
Authors: Medena Caleb , Aubert Corinne , Derat Etienne , Fensterbank Louis , Gontard Geoffrey , Khaled Omar , Ollivier Cyril , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Petit Marc , Barbazanges Marion 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article discloses a study on a chiral bis‐phosphorylated‐helical ligand in the palladium‐catalyzed Tsuji‐Trost allylation. The use of 2,15‐bisphosphinite‐[6]‐helicenes revealed a remarkable ligand effect, in which the (R) and (S) isomeric products can be selectively formed as a direct function of the amount of ligand introduced. Investigation of the organometallic species involved through 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of a model complex and X‐Ray diffraction analysis together with DFT calculations shed light on this phenomenon.
Modelling of hydrodesulphurization in industrial trickle bed reactor using mixing cell network approach
Authors: Yadav Ashutosh , Roy Sangram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA mixing cell network (MCN) was developed for the commercial diesel hydrodesulphurization process (DHDS) in a trickle bed reactor (TBR). The two‐phase model is developed to simulate the performance of an industrial DHDS unit. Major hydrotreating reactions such as hydrodesulphurization (HDS), hydrodearomatization (HDA), and olefin saturation were accounted for in the developed model. The MCN model predictions on axial concentration profiles of sulphur, polynuclear aromatics (PNAs), monoaromatics (MAs), and temperature were found to be in agreement with the real‐time plant data. Further, the predicted results were also compared with the plug flow model to confirm model adequacy. The results obtained in this paper show the efficacy of the MCN model in simulating multiple reactions happening in real industrial scenarios.