bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Sleep Duration: Effects on Nutrient Intake and Mood State
Authors: Rehagen Allison , Harris Stephanie , Cialdella‐Kam Lynn 
Published: June 2021

It is unclear whether the primary mechanism for weight gain in sleep‐deprived college students is through changes in nutrient intake, negative mood states, or alterations in energy status.PurposeWe aimed to determine short sleep duration (< 6 hours/night) effects on nutrient intake and mood state in the undergraduate college population.MethodsThe study population consisted of 62 undergraduate students at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). Upon acceptance into the study, a link to the web‐based Automated Self‐administered 24‐hour (ASA24) diet recall and survey was administered through REDcap, a secure web‐based database. The diet recall was used to assess nutrient intake. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to investigate sleep adequacy while a profile mood state questionnaire (POMS) was used to assess mood patterns. Finally, the International Physical Activity Short Last 7 days Self Admin (IPAQ) was used to determine exercise patterns.ResultsThere was no correlation (p > 0.05) between sleep duration and macronutrient intake. A direct relationship (p = 0.0111), however was seen between percent fat intake and PSQI total score. Total mood disturbance (TMD) appears to be linked to sleep duration and sleep quality; individuals with > 6 hours of sleep/night had lower TMD scores (p = 0.0091) and thus more positive mood states. BMI and physical activity was not associated with sleep duration, PSQI total score, and TMD.ConclusionsShort sleep duration and poor sleep quality appear to have a negative effect on mood state in the college undergraduate population. Poor sleep quality also results in a higher daily fat intake in this population, although all other macronutrient intakes appear to be unaffected.
Usual intakes of nutrients among children 2‐5 years in Hays County, Texas reveal nutritional risk
Authors: Markides Brittany , Crixell Sylvia , Friedman B J , Biediger‐Friedman Lesli , Kotwal Hillary 
Published: June 2021

Nationally, usual intakes of young children meet or exceed dietary reference intakes (DRI). Regional studies are needed to assess diets in high‐risk communities, such as San Marcos, TX in Hays County, where 58% of 7th graders are overweight or obese and diets of infants in WIC are low in vitamin D and iron. The objective of this study was to determine usual nutrient intakes among a sample of preschoolers in Hays County.Parents of 124 children ages 2‐5 y were recruited from county childcare facilities and compensated with a $10 grocery gift card to provide a 24‐hour recall of their child's diet. A second recall was provided by 50% of the sample. Recalls were collected by telephone using Nutrition Data System for Research. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual nutrient intakes.Caloric intake exceeded the DRI in 40% of children 2‐3 y and 50% of children 4‐5 y. Saturated fat intake exceeded 10% of calories in 75% of children 2‐5 y. Usual intake of dietary fiber was less than the adequate intake in 80% of children 2‐3 y and 94% of children 4‐5 y. Usual intakes below the recommended dietary allowances were observed for: vitamin D, in 99% of children 2‐5 y; vitamin E, in 73% of children 2‐3 y and 85% of children 4‐5 y; potassium, in 92% of children 2‐3 y and 98% of children 4‐5 y; iron, in 48% of children 4‐5 y; and calcium, in 37% of children 4‐5 y. Usual intakes above the tolerable upper intake level were observed for: folate, in 77% of children 2‐3 y and 44% of children 4‐5 y; vitamin A, in 50% of children 2‐5 y; zinc, in 76% of children 2‐3 y; and sodium, in 96% of children 2‐3 y and 98% of children 4‐5 y.The nutritional risk among preschoolers in Hays County observed in this study supports the need for community intervention regarding feeding practices.
The Recession is Associated with Increased Risk of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in California
Authors: Oddo Vanessa , Jones‐Smith Jessica 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCalifornians experienced a significant decrease in economic resources during the Recession, however, the effect of the Recession on children's weight status is virtually unexplored.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of the Recession on body mass index (BMI) z‐score and risk for child overweight (BMI 蠅85th percentile) and obesity (BMI 蠅95th percentile).MethodsWe used longitudinal anthropometric measurements from fitness testing of children aged 7‐18 years in California, between 2008 and 2012. The Recession was assessed using the combined value of county‐level annual unemployment rates and foreclosure rates (unemployment rate + foreclosure rate). Individual fixed‐effects regression models with clustered standard errors tested the association of county‐level recession indicators with BMI z‐score and overweight and obesity risk. All models included child age and allowed the association between the Recession and weight status to vary by baseline socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsChildren (N= 6,112,953) had an average BMI z‐score (standard deviation) of 0.53 (1.16), and overweight/obesity prevalence of 36.2%. Average unemployment (11.0%) and foreclosure (6.7%) were considerable. The Recession was associated with an increased BMI z‐score (β= 0.073; 95% CI: 0.066, 0.080) and increased risk of overweight (β = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.011, 0.013) and obesity (β = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.009). Larger increases in BMI z‐score and overweight and obesity were seen among children in counties with higher baseline SES.ConclusionsComparing children to themselves over time, increasing county‐level Recession indicators were associated with greater gains in BMI z‐score and increased risk of overweight and obesity.
Registration and management of Chinese community tuberculosis patients in the Northwest of China
Authors: Wang Xianhua , Cai Jing , Wang Dong , Wang Qiuzhen , Liang Hui , Ma Aiguo , Schouten Evert , Kok Frans 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe current study was conducted to identify the process of registration, management, and characteristics of TB patients in China, which will help understand whether TB patients were found in time and given effective treatment. Data were collected from regional TB patients registered from January 2009 to December 2011 in the Northwest area of China, and analyzed with standardized case reporting formats for case diagnosis, treatment and outcome. A total of 20396 TB patients were collected, of whom 78.5% were from rural areas. The age peaks were 55~65y and 15~25y. The relapse rate in male (9.0%) was significantly higher than that in female (7.7%) (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the severity of TB between male and female. The health‐seeking and diagnostic delays were 2.5 months and 14.3 days on average, respectively. About a half (52.6%) of TB patients with smear negative were diagnosed by chest X‐ray. Moreover, A large majority (93.8%) of TB patients were cured successfully by anti‐TB therapy. In conclusion, the prevention and control of TB infection need to focus on the high‐risk population in the Northwestern China, such as those in the two age peaks, males, and farmers, So that the TB patients can be diagnosed and treated timely to increase therapeutic efficacy thus controlling TB propagation.Supported by NSFC‐ 81172662
A Correlation Study of Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake with Its Levels in Breast Milk in Chinese Lactating Women
Authors: Li Hong‐tian , Zhang Yali , Yu Lixia , Liu Mengjiao , Bai Manxi , Liu Jian‐meng 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the correlation of DHA intake in a recent month assessed by a tailored iPad‐based electronic food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with breast milk DHA in lactating women residing in coastland (Weihai), lakeland (Yueyang) and inland (Baotou) of China.MethodsA total of 406 lactating women (42±7 days postpartum) were recruited equally from the three regions from May to July 2014. The FFQ comprised three parts: seafood, freshwater food, and DHA milk powder and supplements. Trained staff interviewed women to complete FFQ.ResultsThe median DHA intake was 13.8 (IQR: 6.0–34.1) mg/d. The mean absolute DHA concentration was 141.8±106.4 μg/ml; the mean DHA percentage by weight of total fatty acids was 0.36±0.22. The crude and region‐adjusted Spearman correlation coefficient between DHA intake and the DHA concentrations was 0.33 and 0.30 (p values<0.0001). The crude and adjusted Spearman correlation coefficient for DHA percentages was 0.35 and 0.29 (p values<0.0001). The region‐specific Spearman coefficients were given in

Region
number of women
DHA concentrations
DHA percentages

Spearman correlation coefficient
p value
Spearman correlation coefficient
p value

Weihai
136
0.38
<0.001
0.41
<0.001

Yueyang
135
0.29
<0.01
0.22
<0.05

Baotou
135
0.24
<0.01
0.22
<0.05

The crude and adjusted Pearson coefficients of log‐transformed DHA intake with DHA concentrations were 0.34 and 0.31, and with DHA percentages 0.35 and 0.31(all p values <0.0001). The region‐specific Pearson correlation coefficients were given in

Region
number of women
DHA concentrations
DHA percentages

Pearson correlation coefficient
p value
Pearson correlation coefficient
p value

Weihai
136
0.31
<0.001
0.38
<0.001

Yueyang
135
0.35
<0.001
0.27
<0.01

Baotou
135
0.30
<0.001
0.24
<0.01

ConclusionThe DHA intake is moderately correlated with breast milk DHA, indicating a possibility for using the FFQ to estimate DHA intake in Chinese lactating women.
Development and Validation of a Dietary Portfolio Score for use Among Hypercholesterolemic Individuals
Authors: Jayalath Viranda , Ireland Christopher , Faulkner Dorothea , Mirrahimi Arash , Srichaikul Krisitie , de Souza Russell , Sievenpiper John , Kendall Cyril , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoit , Jones Peter , Frohlich Jiri , Jenkins David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe Dietary Portfolio (DP) significantly improves serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) profiles in hypercholesterolemic individuals. We aimed to develop and validate a diet score based on the DP.MethodsHypercholesterolemic individuals who participated in a 6‐month DP trial were included. Four dietary components (soy protein, viscous fiber, plant sterols, and nuts) were identified a priori and each scored between 0‐10 units; components were summated to create a DP‐score (DPS) ranging from 0‐40 units. Multivariate linear regression quantified DPS with continuous variables; logistic regression compared individuals with 蠅‐25% ΔLDL vs. those without.ResultsMedian end‐study DPS was 14 (range: 0‐40, n=238). A 1‐unit increase in DPS or ΔDPS decreased ΔLDL by ‐0.036mmol/L (‐0.81%, p<0.001), Δdiastolic blood pressure by ‐0.093mmHg (p=0.017), and Δ10‐year CHD risk by ‐0.048 (p<0.001). The odds of achieving a ‐25% ΔLDL was 23.8 fold (95%CI: 7.40 to 76.7) greater when comparing the highest and lowest adherence groups (31‐40 units vs. 0‐10 units).ConclusionsDPS and ΔDPS predict beneficial cardiometabolic risk profiles. Future research should relate the DPS to the incidence of stroke and CHD.FundingCIHR, Loblaw Brands ltd, Unilever, Solae, AFM Net
Are Adolescents Meeting the 2020 Goals of the American Heart Association (AHA) for Ideal Cardiovascular Health? (906.1)
Authors: Pratt Charlotte , Sundaresan Shyamala 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe American Heart Association's (AHA) ideal cardiovascular health (ICVH) consists of 7 metrics (4 health behaviors 3 health factors): nonsmoking (NS), BMI (蠄85th percentile), physical activity (PA, 蠅 60 min daily), healthy diet (4‐5 components), blood pressure (BP, <90th percentile), blood cholesterol (TBC, <170 mg/dl) and fasting blood glucose (FBG,<100 mg/dl). We studied the prevalence of the health behaviors among 2,700 adolescents in the NEXT Generation Health Study (NEXT GEN) and the 7 metrics in NEXT PLUS, a random sample of the NEXT GEN.MethodsCardiovascular health behaviors (CVHB) were assessed in NEXT GEN adolescents (16.24±0.53 years) yearly from 2010‐2014 and were categorized into ideal (蠅5 metrics), intermediate (2‐5 metrics) or poor (<2 metrics) based on AHA guidelines. Descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS 19.0.ResultsOf the NEXT PLUS students (N= 577), only 0.2% met all 7 ICVH metrics. 84.6% were non‐smokers, 26.4% met PA criteria, and 39.2% met fruits and vegetables criteria. Only 28.1 % were categorized as ideal, 70.9% as intermediate and 1% as poor. 95.8% had ideal criteria for BP, 75.8% for TBC, and 52.8% for FBG. BMI was <85th percentile in 51.2%. Of the NEXT GEN adolescents, the prevalence of nonsmoking was stable (81%‐86%), and ideal indicators of BMI, physical activity and healthy diet were low across all four years, 2010‐2014. The proportion of NEXT GEN adolescents meeting all four CVHB was low: 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.5% yearly from 2010‐2014, respectively.ConclusionThe exceedingly low prevalence of ICVH among US adolescents suggests the need for a concerted effort at the individual, family, environment and policy levels to improve CVH among adolescents.
Induction of autophagy by zinc during acute ethanol intoxication in mice
Authors: Liuzzi Juan , Nambiar Sruthi 
Published: June 2021

Recently, autophagy has emerged as an important player in the defense against ethanol toxicity. The potential role of zinc in the modulation of autophagy during ethanol stress in humans and animal models has not been examined previously. In this study, the effect of zinc deficiency, adequacy and excess on hepatic autophagic flux, liver injury, lipids accumulation and metallothionein expression was examined in C57BL/6 mice acutely exposed to ethanol. Mice were fed diets containing three different levels of zinc: low, adequate and excess for 30 days. After this, mice were given ethanol or water at a total accumulative dosage of 4.5‐g/kg body weight. Mice were sacrificed at 24h after the first gavage. Hepatic autophagic flux was estimated by measuring LC3II/LC3I ratio and Beclin1, p62/ SQSTM1 and Lamp2 levels. The dietary treatments did not affect food intake and body weight. Low zinc intake caused inhibition of autophagic flux in mice exposed or not to ethanol. In addition, zinc deficient mice exhibited increased liver injury and accumulation of lipids in liver. Conversely, high zinc intake was associated with increased autophagic flux and decreased accumulation of lipids in liver in mice exposed to ethanol. Lastly, ethanol consumption increased the expression of metallothionein mRNA in liver. The results of this study suggest that adequate zinc intake is critical to maintain autophagy. The protective effects of zinc against ethanol toxicity could be mediated by autophagy.Supported by NIH 1R03AA022451‐01
MC4R genotype, weight retention and glucose metabolism in women with history of gestational diabetes
Authors: Carvalho Aline , Liu Huikun , Zhang Shuang , Wang Leishen , Tian Huiguang , Cheng Hang‐Ling , Li Weiqin , Zheng Yan , Huang Tao , Hu Gang , Qi Lu 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMC4R genotype has been related to adiposity, glucose metabolism and risk of GDM. We aimed to test whether MC4R genotype modify postpartum weight retention on glucose metabolism biomarkers at postpartum among women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods and materialsWe analyzed glucose metabolism biomarkers (HOMA‐IR, fasting glucose, 2 hours glucose and HbA1c) at 1‐5 years after delivery in 1208 Chinese women with prior GDM. Postpartum retention weight was calculated by weight change from pre‐pregnancy to postpartum 1‐5 years. We genotyped GWAS‐identified MC4R rs6567160.ResultsThe mean of weight retention was 2.8kg (95% CI: 2.4; 3.1kg). The frequency of adiposity‐increasing allele (C) of SNP rs6567160 was 23%, and it was significantly associated with a 0.09% higher postpartum HbA1c (p=0.014) after adjustment for age and BMI. In addition, we found significant interactions between MC4R genotype and weight retention on 2 hours glucose levels (β=0.023 p=0.003) and HOMA‐IR (β=‐0.055 p=0.035) after adjustment for age, BMI and follow‐up year.ConclusionOur data indicate that MC4R genotype is related to glucose metabolism, and interact with postpartum weight retention in women with history of GDM.
Effect of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Prostate Specific Antigen
Authors: Nishi Stephanie , Ireland Christopher , Augustin Livia , Jayalath Viranda , Kendall Cyril , Jenkins David 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown an association between consumption of a low glycemic index (GI) diet with reduced prostate cancer risk; however, clinical trials are lacking. ObjectiveTo determine the effect of a low GI diet compared to a control, high fiber, diet on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels, a biomarker of prostate carcinoma. MethodsIn a randomized parallel trial, men with type 2 diabetes were assigned to either a low GI or a high fiber diet for 6 months. PSA levels were assessed in a secondary analysis from blood samples obtained at baseline and end of study. ResultsOf the 100 completers, 84 men had PSA levels available at baseline and end of study. Overall, the mean baseline PSA level was 2.10+0.59 ng/mL which decreased by 0.08 + 0.11 ng/mL on the low GI diet and by 0.03 + 0.12 ng/mL on the control diet over the 6 months. No treatment differences were observed (P>0.05). LimitationsThis study was not appropriately powered for the outcomes measured in this secondary analysis.ConclusionLow GI diets have been associated with decreased prostate cancer risk; however, future trials should study the effects on PSA and other markers of prostate cancer in higher risk populations.FundingBarilla
Effect of heterocyclic amines from meat intake on oxidative stress according to GSTT1 polymorphism
Authors: Carvalho Aline , Carioca Antonio Augusto , Steluti Josiane , Loureiro Ana Paula , Gattas Gilka , Fisberg Regina , Qi Lu , Marchioni Dirce 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHeterocyclic amines (HCA) from meat intake are carcinogenic compounds metabolized in the human body. This process is mediated by detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione‐S‐transferase θ (GSTT), which is encoded by a polymorphic gene. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of HCA intake and GSTT1 genotype with oxidative stress.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study in adults and elderly from Brazil (n=561). The HCA intake was assessed using one 24‐hour dietary recall and a structured questionnaire with cooking methods and meat of doneness level information. We used PCR‐based assays to detect GSTT1 deletion. Oxidative stress was estimaded by malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration measured in plasma by separation on HPLC. Multiple linear regression models were performed to verify the association between MDA and HCA intake.ResultsThe frequency of deletion variant of GSTT1 was 19%. The mean of HCA intake was 370ng/day (95% CI: 310;431ng/day). The MDA concentration was significantly associated with HCA intake (β=0.028 p=0.014) after adjustment for intake of energy, fruit and vegetable, sex, age, BMI, race, physical activity and smoking. MDA was also associated with MDA among individuals with GSTT1 wild‐type genotype (β=0.0313 p=0.017), however it was not significant among individuals with GSTT1 null genotype (β=0.005 p=0.838).ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis that GSTT1 might form reactive species during the metabolism of HCA, and increase oxidative stress.
Associations Between Amniotic Fluid Minerals and Fetal Ultrasound Measurements
Authors: Knipping Lauren , Koski Kristine , Cue Roger 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAmniotic fluid (AF) contains macro‐ and micro‐minerals (MMM) ingested by the fetus through fetal swallowing, but few studies have examined their influence on fetal growth.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of 15 MMM concentrations (Mg, K, Ca, Al, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ag, Pb, Fe, Cr, As, Se) in 2nd trimester AF on 5 fetal ultrasound measurements: estimated weight, bi‐parietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length in early (16‐20 wk) and late (32‐36 wk) gestation.Methods: AF was collected at amniocentesis (12‐20 wk). AF MMM concentrations were measured by ICP‐MS. Each fetal ultrasound measurement was tested as a dependent variable using multiple regressions, with each MMM entered as an independent variable while controlling for selected variables (multivitamin‐mineral supplementation, gestational age, estimated weight, amniocentesis wk, pre‐pregnancy BMI, parity, maternal height, ethnicity).Results: In early pregnancy, copper was associated with both lower bi‐parietal diameter and lower abdominal circumference; nickel, zinc and lead with lower head circumference; copper and zinc with greater abdominal circumference; and selenium with lower femur length. In late pregnancy, calcium was associated with greater bi‐parietal diameter and lead with greater abdominal circumference. In addition, calcium was associated with greater change in bi‐parietal diameter; nickel and copper with greater change in head circumference; and selenium with greater change in femur length from early to late pregnancy.ConclusionAF concentrations of calcium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel and selenium are associated with fetal growth changes during pregnancy independent of multivitamin‐mineral supplementation.
Effect of Freeze‐Drying and Hot‐Air‐Drying Methods on the Anti‐oxidative Activities of Selected Sprouts
Authors: Yoo Jeong‐Hyun , Liu Yanan , Park Hyunjin , Shin Junghee , Kim Hyun‐Sook 
Published: June 2021

Freeze‐drying and hot‐air‐drying methods have been used to prepare the food‐derived samples for in vitro studies. In this study, we investigated whether the anti‐oxidative activities of kohlrabi, red radish, and broccoli will be affected by these two different drying methods.DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and content of polyphenols are significantly higher with hot‐air‐drying kohlrabi compared to freeze‐drying kohlrabi (p<0.0013, p<0.0338, and p<0.0002, respectively), whereas content of flavonoids was not significantly different each other.Hot‐air‐drying broccoli showed decreased DPPH (p<0.0001), ABTS (p<0.0011) radical scavenging activities and content of polyphenols (p<0.0003), but increased content of flavonoids (p<0.0001) compared with freeze‐drying brocolli.DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of freeze‐drying red radish were lower compared with air‐drying one (p<0.0019 and p<0.0041, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in contents of polyphenols and flavonoids.Our results suggest that the antioxidative activities of sprouts might be affected by drying methods. It would be important to select an appropriate drying method when preparing the experimental samples based on the parameters and objectives.