bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Interventions for People With Co-Occurring Depression and Problematic Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schouten Maria J E , Christ Carolien , Dekker Jack J M , Riper Heleen , Goudriaan Anna E , Blankers Matthijs 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of digital interventions addressing depressive symptoms and alcohol use simultaneously among people with co-occurring depression and problematic alcohol use.

Methods
Seven databases were searched for trials evaluating digital interventions aimed at depression and alcohol use. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool effects on depressive symptoms and alcohol use up to 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Overall quality for every outcome was assessed with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).

Results
The pooled effect of digital interventions compared to their comparators was in favour of digital interventions. Small but significant effects on depressive symptoms at 3-month follow-up were found (g = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.62, P = 0.02, k = 6) and non-significant effects at 6-month follow-up (g = 0.29, 95% CI: −0.16 to 0.73, P = 0.15, k = 5). For alcohol use, the pooled effect of digital interventions was small and non-significant at 3-month follow-up (g = 0.14, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.30, P = 0.07, k = 6) and significant at 6-month follow-up (g = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07–0.20, P = 0.005, k = 5). Sensitivity analysis indicated the latter finding to be sensitive to statistical estimator choice. Quality of evidence was moderate, except for depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up for which it was low.

Conclusion
Based on the literature, digital interventions are effective in reducing depressive symptoms at 3-month follow-up and alcohol use at 6-month follow-up among people with comorbid depression and problematic alcohol use. More high-quality trials are needed to confirm the current findings.
Drinking and Neighborhood Contexts of Alcohol’s Harms from Others
Authors: Tam Christina C , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J , Greenfield Thomas K 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsNegative consequences of alcohol (or secondhand effects) extend beyond drinkers to affect other people, including both known others (friends, family members, spouses/partners) and strangers. Secondhand effects of alcohol manifest across various social environments, including the places where people drink and the neighborhoods where they live. These neighborhoods are characterized by different levels of alcohol availability and degrees of residential social cohesion. Hence, social environments may confer risk or protect from harms from others’ drinking. The current study explores: (a) how drinking venues and neighborhood contexts relate to harms from other people’s drinking (both known others and strangers), and (b) whether these associations vary by gender.MethodsUsing pooled data from the National Alcohol Survey and National Alcohol’s Harms to Others Survey (N = 5425), we regressed harms from various drinking others on social environment characteristics (drinking venues, alcohol availability and social cohesion) for the full sample and separately by gender. We used the false discovery rate method to adjust for multiple testing.ResultsOverall, greater neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of harm from drinking others and, specifically, harm from drinking strangers. The effect of social cohesion was most pronounced for men.ConclusionsSocial cohesion was the most salient neighborhood factor associated with reduced alcohol-related harms from strangers. Directions for future research and policies to mitigate these harms are discussed.
Be modest: you're living on the edge
Authors: Dorst Kevin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany have claimed that whenever an investigation might provide evidence for a claim, it might also provide evidence against it. Similarly, many have claimed that your credence should never be on the edge of the range of credences that you think might be rational. Surprisingly, both of these principles imply that you cannot rationally be modest: you cannot be uncertain what the rational opinions are.
Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy
Authors: Glass Graeme Ewan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a recent addition to the pantheon of light-based therapeutic interventions. The absorption of red/near-infrared light energy, a process termed “photobiomodulation,” enhances mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling, and growth factor synthesis, and attenuates oxidative stress. Photobiomodulation is now highly commercialized with devices marketed directly to the consumer. In the gray area between the commercial and therapeutic sectors, harnessing the clinical potential in reproducible and scientifically measurable ways remains challenging.

Objectives
The aim of this article was to summarize the clinical evidence for photobiomodulation and discuss the regulatory framework for this therapy

Methods
A review of the clinical literature pertaining to the use of LLLT for skin rejuvenation (facial rhytids and dyschromias), acne vulgaris, wound healing, body contouring, and androgenic alopecia was performed.

Results
A reasonable body of clinical trial evidence exists to support the role of low-energy red/near-infrared light as a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, treatment of acne vulgaris and alopecia, and, especially, body contouring. Methodologic flaws, small patient cohorts, and industry funding mean there is ample scope to improve the quality of evidence. It remains unclear if light-emitting diode sources induce physiologic effects of compararable nature and magnitude to those of the laser-based systems used in most of the higher-quality studies.

Conclusions
LLLT is here to stay. However, its ubiquity and commercial success have outpaced empirical approaches on which solid clinical evidence is established. Thus, the challenge is to prove its therapeutic utility in retrospect. Well-designed, adequately powered, independent clinical trials will help us answer some of the unresolved questions and enable the potential of this therapy to be realized.
LINC00265 maintains hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration by targeting miRNA-28-5p
Authors: Yu Sheng , Cui Zhonglin , Zhou Jie , Wang Kai , Li Qingping , Sun Hang , Hu Zhigang 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in many biological processes, but their roles in liver regeneration still need to be illustrated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of LINC00265 as a pivotal regulator of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. It was found that LINC00265 is significantly upregulated in rat liver tissues at various time points after 2/3 liver resection. LINC00265 knockdown inhibited hepatocyte proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrestment. In rats subjected to surgery, LINC00265 knockdown decreased liver/body weight ratio, attenuated improvement from liver damage and reduced Ki67 and PCNA expression. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-28-5p was a direct target of LINC00265, and inhibition of miR-28-5p abolished the effect of LINC00265 knockdown. In summary, LINC00265 might maintain hepatocyte proliferation by targeting miR-28-5p during liver regeneration and should be considered as a promising therapeutic option for hepatocyte regeneration after liver resection.
Emerging principles of brain immunology and immune checkpoint blockade in brain metastases
Authors: Fares Jawad , Ulasov Ilya , Timashev Peter , Lesniak Maciej S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brain metastases are the most common type of brain tumours, harbouring an immune microenvironment that can in principle be targeted via immunotherapy. Elucidating some of the immunological intricacies of brain metastases has opened a therapeutic window to explore the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in this globally lethal disease. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that tumour cells hijack the immune regulatory mechanisms in the brain for the benefit of their own survival and progression. Nonetheless, the role of the immune checkpoint in the complex interplays between cancers cells and T cells and in conferring resistance to therapy remains under investigation. Meanwhile, early phase trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors have reported clinical benefit in patients with brain metastases from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. In this review, we explore the workings of the immune system in the brain, the immunology of brain metastases, and the current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of brain metastases.
A complex networks approach to ranking professional Snooker players
Authors: O’Brien Joseph D , Gleeson James P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A detailed analysis of matches played in the sport of Snooker during the period 1968–2020 is used to calculate a directed and weighted dominance network based upon the corresponding results. We consider a ranking procedure based upon the well-studied PageRank algorithm that incorporates details of not only the number of wins a player has had over their career but also the quality of opponent faced in these wins. Through this study, we find that John Higgins is the highest performing Snooker player of all time with Ronnie O’Sullivan appearing in second place. We demonstrate how this approach can be applied across a variety of temporal periods in each of which we may identify the strongest player in the corresponding era. This procedure is then compared with more classical ranking schemes. Furthermore, a visualization tool known as the rank-clock is introduced to the sport which allows for immediate analysis of the career trajectory of individual competitors. These results further demonstrate the use of network science in the quantification of success within the field of sport.
Early exit from business, performance and neighbours’ influence: a study of farmers in France
Authors: Paroissien Emmanuel , Latruffe Laure , Piet Laurent 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article investigates the effects of economic performance and neighbours’ characteristics on farmers’ exit behaviour before retirement age. Using a unique set of social security data describing all French farmers under 50 over the years 2004–2017, we explore how these effects depend on farmers’ characteristics and how they stand relative to their neighbours. Our probit estimations reveal that younger farmers and farmers operating smaller farms are more sensitive to their own and neighbours’ performance than other farmers. Allowing for an asymmetric comparison effect between farmers and their neighbours, we uncover a nonlinear influence of own and neighbours’ profit and size.
An expanded auxin-inducible degron toolkit for Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ashley Guinevere E , Duong Tam , Levenson Max T , Martinez Michael A Q , Johnson Londen C , Hibshman Jonathan D , Saeger Hannah N , Palmisano Nicholas J , Doonan Ryan , Martinez-Mendez Raquel , Davidson Brittany R , Zhang Wan , Ragle James Matthew , Medwig-Kinney Taylor N , Sirota Sydney S , Goldstein Bob , Matus David Q , Dickinson Daniel J , Reiner David J , Ward Jordan D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system has emerged as a powerful tool to conditionally deplete proteins in a range of organisms and cell types. Here, we describe a toolkit to augment the use of the AID system in Caenorhabditis elegans. We have generated a set of single-copy, tissue-specific (germline, intestine, neuron, muscle, pharynx, hypodermis, seam cell, anchor cell) and pan-somatic TIR1-expressing strains carrying a co-expressed blue fluorescent reporter to enable use of both red and green channels in experiments. These transgenes are inserted into commonly used, well-characterized genetic loci. We confirmed that our TIR1-expressing strains produce the expected depletion phenotype for several nuclear and cytoplasmic AID-tagged endogenous substrates. We have also constructed a set of plasmids for constructing repair templates to generate fluorescent protein::AID fusions through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. These plasmids are compatible with commonly used genome editing approaches in the C. elegans community (Gibson or SapTrap assembly of plasmid repair templates or PCR-derived linear repair templates). Together these reagents will complement existing TIR1 strains and facilitate rapid and high-throughput fluorescent protein::AID tagging of genes. This battery of new TIR1-expressing strains and modular, efficient cloning vectors serves as a platform for straightforward assembly of CRISPR/Cas9 repair templates for conditional protein depletion.
The azimuthal dependence of Rayleigh wave ellipticity in a slightly anisotropic medium
Authors: Hu Shaoqian , Yao Huajian , Yang Hsin-Ying 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARYA recent study analysed the Rayleigh wave ellipticity obtained by ambient noise cross-correlation in periods of 8–20 s, and observed the Rayleigh wave ellipticity is backazimuth-dependent with a 180° periodicity in the contiguous United States. However, the azimuthal anisotropic parameters have not been inverted to depths, and the comparison with other seismic results has not been possible so far, partially due to the lack of related theoretical investigations. Here, we first derive explicit formulation to relate the period-dependent backazimuthal Rayleigh wave ellipticity with the depth-dependent azimuthal wave speed variation in a slightly anisotropic medium based on the variational principle; by carefully examining relations among different parametrizations of a horizontally transverse isotropic medium, we then express the final formulation in terms of Crampin’s notation. The formulation is verified by comparison with the results of anisotropic propagator matrix technique. Tests show the backazimuth-dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity provides complementary information on anisotropic parameters in addition to the widely used phase velocity. A simple application of the derived formulation to real data in North America is also provided. Our formulation can be regarded as an extension of the classic work on azimuthal-dependent phase velocity, and helps to quantitatively explain the backazimuth-dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity.
Multi-influential genetic interactions alter behaviour and cognition through six main biological cascades in Down syndrome mouse models
Authors: Duchon Arnaud , del Mar Muniz Moreno Maria , Martin Lorenzo Sandra , Silva de Souza Marcia Priscilla , Chevalier Claire , Nalesso Valérie , Meziane Hamid , Loureiro de Sousa Paulo , Noblet Vincent , Armspach Jean-Paul , Brault Veronique , Herault Yann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an additional copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). To provide novel insights into genotype–phenotype correlations, we used standardized behavioural tests, magnetic resonance imaging and hippocampal gene expression to screen several DS mouse models for the mouse chromosome 16 region homologous to Hsa21. First, we unravelled several genetic interactions between different regions of chromosome 16 and how they contribute significantly to altering the outcome of the phenotypes in brain cognition, function and structure. Then, in-depth analysis of misregulated expressed genes involved in synaptic dysfunction highlighted six biological cascades centred around DYRK1A, GSK3β, NPY, SNARE, RHOA and NPAS4. Finally, we provide a novel vision of the existing altered gene–gene crosstalk and molecular mechanisms targeting specific hubs in DS models that should become central to better understanding of DS and improving the development of therapies.
European Society of Thoracic Surgeons electronic quality of life application after lung resection: field testing in a clinical setting
Authors: Pompili Cecilia , Trevis Jason , Patella Miriam , Brunelli Alessandro , Libretti Lidia , Novoa Nuria , Scarci Marco , Tenconi Sara , Dunning Joel , Cafarotti Stefano , Koller Michael , Velikova Galina , Shargall Yaron , Raveglia Federico ,   the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Patient Centred Working Group
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Technology has the potential to assist healthcare professionals in improving patient–doctor communication during the surgical journey. Our aims were to assess the acceptability of a quality of life (QoL) application (App) in a cohort of cancer patients undergoing lung resections and to depict the early perioperative trajectory of QoL.

METHODS
This multicentre (Italy, UK, Spain, Canada and Switzerland) prospective longitudinal study with repeated measures used 12 lung surgery-related validated questions from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Item Bank. Patients filled out the questionnaire preoperatively and 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery using an App preinstalled in a tablet. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was run to determine if there were differences in QoL over time.

RESULTS
A total of 103 patients consented to participate in the study (83 who had lobectomies, 17 who had segmentectomies and 3 who had pneumonectomies). Eighty-three operations were performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Compliance rates were 88%, 90%, 88%, 82%, 71% and 56% at each time point, respectively. The results showed that the operation elicited statistically significant worsening in the following symptoms: shortness of breath (SOB) rest (P = 0.018), SOB walk (P &lt; 0.001), SOB stairs (P = 0.015), worry (P = 0.003), wound sensitivity (P &lt; 0.001), use of arm and shoulder (P &lt; 0.001), pain in the chest (P &lt; 0.001), decrease in physical capability (P &lt; 0.001) and scar interference on daily activity (P &lt; 0.001) during the first postoperative month. SOB worsened immediately after the operation and remained low at the different time points. Worry improved following surgery. Surgical access and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) are the factors that most strongly affected the evolution of the symptoms in the perioperative period.

CONCLUSIONS
We observed good early compliance of patients operated on for lung cancer with the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons QoL App. We determined the evolution of surgery-related QoL in the immediate postoperative period. Monitoring these symptoms remotely may reduce hospital appointments and help to establish early patient-support programmes.
Carinal sleeve resection: last exit for bronchial insufficiency—a 17-year, single-centre experience
Authors: Herrmann Dominik , Oggiano Melanie , Gencheva-Bozhkova Plamena , Braun Monique , Neuhaus Gerd , Ewig Santiago , Hecker Erich 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy and dehiscence of an anastomosis after sleeve lobectomy are severe complications. Several established therapeutic options are available. Conservative treatment is recommended for a small fistula without pleural infection. In patients with a bronchopleural fistula and subsequent pleural empyema, surgical management is the mainstay. Overall, the associated morbidity and mortality are high. Carinal sleeve resection is the last resort for patients with a short stump after pneumonectomy or anastomotic dehiscence after sleeve resection near the carina.

METHODS
All patients with bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy or sleeve resection who underwent secondary carinal sleeve resection between 2003 and 2019 in our institution were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with anastomotic dehiscence after sleeve lobectomy underwent a completion pneumonectomy. The surgical approach was an anterolateral thoracotomy; the anastomosis was covered with muscle flap, pericardial fat or omentum majus. In case of empyema, povidone-iodine-soaked towels were introduced into the cavity and changed at least twice.

RESULTS
A total of 17 patients with an initial sleeve lobectomy in 12 patients and pneumonectomy in 5 patients were treated with carinal sleeve resection in our department. Morbidity was 64.7% and 30-day survival was 82.4% (n = 14). A total of 70.6% of the patients survived 90 days (n = 12). Median hospitalization was 17 days and the median stay in the intensive care unit was 12 days.

CONCLUSIONS
Carinal sleeve resection is a feasible option in patients with a post-pneumonectomy fistula or anastomotic insufficiency following sleeve lobectomy in the absence of alternative therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, postoperative morbidity is high, including prolonged intensive care unit stay.
How To Stay in the Loop. A Think-Aloud Study on Dictionary Use by Excellent Secondary-School Students of Ancient Greek
Authors: Bartelds Daniël 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDictionary use in secondary-school classics education in the Netherlands is problematic and an important cause of poor translations and text comprehension. Research on the topic is scarce and dictionary training plays a marginal role in the classics teaching practice. This explorative, qualitative think-aloud study examines which dictionary activities lead to success. We observed excellent secondary-school students while they were translating an Ancient Greek text. A feedback loop model, characterised as a slow process of constant verification, is used to analyse their dictionary behaviour. The findings show that successful dictionary activities depend on moving back and forth between text and dictionary, while the students reduce the cognitive load by activating schemata. Performing informed searches and using their fingers or the ribbon bookmark facilitate this process. In addition, closely monitoring the process with a critical mind, and linguistic reflection using appropriate metalanguage seem crucial.
First order least-squares formulations for eigenvalue problems
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Boffi Daniele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper we discuss spectral properties of operators associated with the least-squares finite-element approximation of elliptic partial differential equations. The convergence of the discrete eigenvalues and eigenfunctions towards the corresponding continuous eigenmodes is studied and analyzed with the help of appropriate $L^2$ error estimates. A priori and a posteriori estimates are proved.
Demonstrating the sustainability of capacity strengthening amidst COVID-19
Authors: Abomo P , Miaka E M , Crossman S J , Hope A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The global disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis posed a threat to the momentum the vector control team at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) and the Programme National de Lutte contre la Tryaponosomiase Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA) had built in their efforts to control tsetse fly populations in the Democratic Republic of Congo. But despite the pandemic and global lockdown, field activities did continue and the same impressive results in tsetse fly reduction were observed and the team followed this by completing a round of ‘tiny target’ deployment without any external presence. Such a success was possible due to the investment in vector control capacity strengthening undertaken by the LSTM and PNLTHA.