bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ experiences of caring for persons with dementia experiencing responsive behaviours in an acute hospital: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Dookhy Joshi , Daly Louise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore nurses’ experiences of caring for persons with dementia experiencing responsive behaviours in an acute hospital.BackgroundCaring for persons with dementia who have an acute medical illness and are experiencing responsive behaviours in acute hospitals can be challenging for nurses. While existing research has explored the experiences of nurses in providing dementia care in this setting, there is limited knowledge about the specific care experiences of nurses when working to meet the needs of persons with dementia who experience responsive behaviours alongside an admitting diagnosis.MethodA qualitative descriptive design was implemented. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with nine nurses working in medical and surgical wards. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval to conduct the study was received from the writers’ university.ResultsThree themes were found: (a) challenges encountered, (b) a person‐centred response and (c) dementia preparedness. Key findings about challenges encountered by nurses included: the acute hospital environment; increased need for enhanced knowledge; and emotional challenges. Person‐centred responses such as working in partnership with others and reminiscence were identified as strategies to address the challenges. Finally, nurses identified particular interventions that were supportive to them in enhancing their preparedness to meet the needs of persons with dementia who experience responsive behaviours.ConclusionsPersons with dementia who are acutely unwell and are experiencing responsive behaviours, within acute hospitals, have specific and individualised care needs. Nurses working in these settings must therefore be supported in developing competence in managing these frequently complex clinical cases, while also providing person‐centred care.Implication for practiceNurses’ narratives demonstrate that they continue to experience challenges in the presence of responsive behaviours. There is a consequent need for dementia‐specific education on person‐centred ways to address responsive behaviours within acute hospital settings.
Associations Between Periosteal Reaction of Proximal Tibial and Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Deng Xiang‐tian , Hu Hong‐zhi , Zhu Jian , Chen Wei , Wang Zhong‐zheng , Wang Yu‐chuan , Ye Zhi‐peng , Yang Sif‐an , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate and analyze the potential relationship between periosteal reaction and medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to assess the independent risk factors for the development of periosteal reaction associated with medial compartment KOA.MethodsThis is a retrospective comparative study. From January 2019 to December 2019 at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, a total of 363 patients (726 knees) with medial compartment KOA were enrolled in this study according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 91 males and 272 females, with an mean age of 57.9 ± 12.8 years (range, 18–82 years). Among these patients, 206 patients (412 knees) were allocated to the periosteal reaction group (44 males and 162 females) and 157 patients (314 knees) were allocated to the non‐periosteal reaction group (47 males and 110 females). The classification of KOA severity was based on Kellgren and Lawrence (K‐L) grading system. The malalignment of the lower extremities in coronal plane was evaluated as medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA). Patients demographics and radiographic parameters were recorded in the two groups. Intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliabilities of all radiological measurements were analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Univariate analyses were conducted for comparison of differences with continuous variables between patients with periosteal reaction and without periosteal reaction. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors of radiographic parameters for periosteal reaction.ResultsThe overall incidence of periosteal reaction associated with medial compartment KOA was 56.7%. Furthermore, we observed that the incidence of periosteal reaction significantly increased with age and correlated with K‐L grade progression (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, HKA and JLCA were identified as independent risk factors of the development of periosteal reaction in patients with medial compartment KOA (odds ratio [OR], 0.594; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.544–0.648; P < 0.05; OR, 0.851; 95% confidence interval CI 0.737–0.983; P < 0.05; respectively), with other radiographic parameters including MTPA (OR 0.959; 95% CI 0.511–0.648; P > 0.05), LDFA (OR 0.990; 95% CI 0.899–1.089; P > 0.05), and JSW (OR 1.005; 95% CI 0.865–1.167; P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, patients with lower HKA and higher JLCA were identified as independent risk factors for the development of periosteal reaction, which occurred most commonly adjacent to the lateral of proximal tibia diaphysis, and thus we concluded that periosteal reaction may be an anatomical adaptation for medial compartment KOA based upon these results.
Clinical, immunological, and genetic features in 780 patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and ALPS‐like diseases: A systematic review
Authors: Hafezi Nasim , Zaki‐Dizaji Majid , Nirouei Matineh , Asadi Gelayol , Sharifinejad Niusha , Jamee Mahnaz , Erfan Rasouli Seyed , Hamedifar Haleh , Sabzevari Araz , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Yazdani Reza , Abolhassani Hassan , Aghamohammadi Asghar , Azizi Gholamreza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by early‐onset lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenias, and susceptibility to lymphoma. The majority of ALPS patients carry heterozygous germline mutations in the TNFRSF6 gene. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of patients with ALPS and ALPS‐like syndrome.MethodsThe literature search was performed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases to find eligible studies. Additionally, the reference list of all included papers was hand‐searched for additional studies. Demographic, clinical, immunological, and molecular data were extracted and compared between the ALPS and ALPS‐like syndrome.ResultsTotally, 720 patients with ALPS (532 genetically determined and 189 genetically undetermined ALPS) and 59 cases with ALPS‐like phenotype due to mutations in genes other than ALPS genes were assessed. In both ALPS and ALPS‐like patients, splenomegaly was the most common clinical presentation followed by autoimmune cytopenias and lymphadenopathy. Among other clinical manifestations, respiratory tract infections were significantly higher in ALPS‐like patients than ALPS. The immunological analysis showed a lower serum level of IgA, IgG, and lymphocyte count in ALPS‐like patients compared to ALPS. Most (85%) of the ALPS and ALPS‐like cases with determined genetic defects carry mutations in the FAS gene. About one‐third of patients received immunosuppressive therapy with conventional or targeted immunotherapy agents. A small fraction of patients (3.3%) received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with successful engraftment, and all except two patients survived after transplantation.ConclusionOur results showed that the FAS gene with 85% frequency is the main etiological cause of genetically diagnosed patients with ALPS phenotype; therefore, the genetic defect of the majority of suspected ALPS patients could be confirmed by mutation analysis of FAS gene.
Chorus2: design of genome‐scale oligonucleotide‐based probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Guanqing , Zhao Hainan , Braz Guilherme T. , Jiang Jiming 
Published: May 2021

SummaryOligonucleotide (oligo)‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has rapidly becoming the new generation of FISH technique in plant molecular cytogenetics research. Genome‐scale identification of single‐copy oligos is the foundation of successful oligo‐FISH experiments. Here, we introduce Chorus2, a software that is developed specifically for oligo selection. We demonstrate that Chorus2 is highly effective to remove all repetitive elements in selection of single‐copy oligos, which is critical for the development of successful FISH probes. Chorus2 is more effective than Chorus, the original version of the pipeline, and OligoMiner for repeat removal. Chorus2 allows to select oligos that are conserved among related species, which extends the usage of oligo‐FISH probes among phylogenetically related plant species. We also implemented a new function in Chorus2 that allows development of FISH probes from plant species without an assembled genome. We anticipate that Chorus2 can be used in plants as well as in mammalian and other non‐plant species. Chorus2 will broadly facilitate the design of FISH probes for various types of application in molecular cytogenetics research.
Self, partner, and observers' humor perceptions: Relative validity of ratings across sources
Authors: Chong Jia Y. , Theisen Jaclyn C. , Fraley Robert Chris , Ogolsky Brian G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPrior studies examining humor in romantic relationships often assume that behavioral ratings obtained from different sources (i.e., self, partner, and observer) are interchangeable. However, it is unclear if humor ratings across sources reflect a common construct. The current study (N = 160 couples, Mage = 20 years, Mrelationshiplength = 15 months) investigated whether partner and observer ratings of humor offer unique information beyond actor ratings. Additionally, the relative predictive validity of humor ratings was evaluated. In general, the results showed that ratings tend to converge across sources. In addition, partner and observer ratings generally did not explain unique variance beyond self‐ratings. These results suggest that rating sources for assessing humor are largely interchangeable, with a few exceptions. This study offers recommendations for the methodological consideration of rating sources regarding humor reports in close relationships.
Water Effect on Peroxyoxalate Kinetics and Mechanism for Oxalic Esters with Distinct Reactivities
Authors: Cabello Maidileyvis C. , Baader Wilhelm J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe peroxyoxalate reaction is being widely used for various analytical and bioanalytical applications, and however, few mechanistic studies are performed in aqueous media, important mainly for bioanalytical applications, where low chemiluminescence emission quantum yields are obtained. In this sense, we report here kinetic studies on the peroxyoxalate reaction, using two commercially available and widely utilized esters, bis(2,4‐dinitrophenyl) oxalate (DNPO) and bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO), in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane:water mixtures. The reaction of the much more reactive DNPO, in anhydrous and aqueous media, occurs by a direct nucleophilic attack of H2O2 to the oxalic ester, not involving nucleophilic catalysis by imidazole. Contrary, in the reaction of the less reactive TCPO with H2O2, imidazole acts mainly as nucleophilic catalyst. For both esters, experimental conditions are established where precise kinetic data and emission quantum yields can be obtained. Interestingly, the quantum yields in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane water mixtures increase up to a water concentration of 0.7 mol L–1 and decrease significantly with higher concentrations.
The role of photoprotection in defence of two wheat genotypes against Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Ajigboye Olubukola O. , Jayaweera Dasuni P. , Angelopoulou Dimitra , Ruban Alexander V. , Murchie Erik H. , Pastor Victoria , Summers Richard , Ray Rumiana V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study provides new insights into the role of photoprotection in preformed and induced defence of two wheat genotypes with contrasting phenotypes to infection by Zymoseptoria tritici. We investigated the mechanisms of the photoprotective response during early infection, including nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), β‐carotene‐derived xanthophylls, reactive oxygen species, and the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). Furthermore, we quantified the effects of pathogenesis on photosynthesis, stomatal control, and expression of plant defence molecular markers. The photoprotective mechanism of successful defence involved the qI component of NPQ leading to rapid down‐regulation of photosystem II quantum yield and chlorophyll a:b, increased biosynthesis of the xanthophyll neoxanthin and ABA, and the expression of chloroplast‐specific enzymes to engage in scavenging of O2●−. Elevated ABA in the resistant genotype correlated with preformed leaf defence traits including low stomatal density, increased expression of wax biosynthesis, and lignification. Z. tritici exhibited reduced germination and branching on the resistant host genotype and hijacked stomatal control in both genotypes by enhancing stomatal sensitivity to light. Increased biosynthesis of JA and anthocyanins, in contrast to SA, were quantified in the incompatible interaction. Our results indicate that ABA and JA in antagonistic action to SA were associated with defence in the resistant genotype, Cougar, against Z. tritici.
Biocontrol of potato early blight and suppression of Alternaria grandis sporulation by Clonostachys spp.
Authors: da Silva Hiago Antonio O. , Teixeira William D. , Borges Álefe V. , Silva Junior Amarildo L. , Alves Kaique S. , Rodrigues Junior Orlando M. , de Abreu Lucas M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEarly blight, caused by Alternaria solani and A. grandis, severely affects potato crops around the world, and few management options apart from intensive fungicide use are available. In this work, we tested whether biocontrol treatments with different species of the mycoparasitic fungus Clonostachys could reduce early blight severity on the foliage of pot‐grown potatoes of cultivar Ágata, and affect the survival and sporulation of the causal pathogen A. grandis. Twenty isolates from five Clonostachys species were screened in a preliminary biocontrol trial, and nine of them were selected and tested further in two confirmation trials. Treatments with three isolates from three species (C. chloroleuca, C. pseudochroleuca, C. rhizophaga) resulted in a significant reduction in disease severity in both confirmation trials, with control efficacy ranging from 88.7% to 92.9% in the first trial, and from 83.1% to 84.7% in the second trial. All Clonostachys isolates used in the confirmation trials survived on potato leaf tissues for at least 15 days, and resumed growth when subjected to high humidity, resulting in mycoparasitic overgrowth and significant reduction of the pathogen sporulation. Our results provide evidence that different species of Clonostachys, not only the ubiquitous C. rosea, are sources of useful candidates for the biocontrol of potato early blight and possibly other plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens.
Do lonely and socially isolated individuals think they die earlier? The link between loneliness, social isolation and expectations of longevity based on a nationally representative sample
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLoneliness and social isolation both have been linked to morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of studies investigating whether these factors are associated with expectations of longevity. Therefore, we aimed to clarify this association.MethodsCross‐sectional data were taken from a nationally representative sample of middle‐aged and older individuals (analytical sample, n = 4857). Well‐established scales were used to measure loneliness and social isolation. Equally to other large cohort studies, expectations of longevity were assessed using the question ‘What age do you think you will live to?’ It was adjusted for various socioeconomic and health‐related factors.ResultsAfter adjusting for various socioeconomic and health‐related covariates, multiple linear regressions showed that both loneliness (total sample: β = −0.97, P < 0.001; men: β = −1.04, P < 0.001; women: β = −0.97, P < 0.01) and social isolation (total sample: β = −0.93, P < 0.001; men: β = −0.86, P < 0.001; women: β = −0.91, P < 0.01) were associated with lower expectations of longevity in the total sample and stratified by gender. Furthermore, lower expectations of longevity were consistently associated with younger age (β = 0.32, P < 0.001), being retired (β = −2.39, P < 0.001), not being employed (β = −1.97, P < 0.001), worse self‐rated health (β = −1.31, P < 0.001), and a higher number of chronic illnesses (β = −0.38, P < 0.001) in the total sample, and in both genders.ConclusionsEven after adjusting for various covariates, findings still indicate an association between both loneliness and social isolation and markedly lower expectations of longevity. Future studies based on longitudinal data are required to gain further insights.
The influence of progesterone and prostaglandin F2αon decorin and the adhesion of caruncular epithelial cells of bovine placenta at early‐mid pregnancy—Part II
Authors: Jamioł Monika , Wawrzykowski Jacek , Kankofer Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the most important processes determining the proper course of gestation and its physiological termination in cows is the adhesion of epithelial cells allowing for direct contact of maternal and foetal parts of the placenta. Throughout pregnancy, placental cells are under strict hormonal control, which among others regulates the concentration and activity of specific proteins participating in the extracellular matrix remodelling of foetal membranes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of progesterone and prostaglandin F2αon the adhesion of epithelial cells at early‐mid pregnancy in cows. Additionally, the impact of selected hormones on anti‐adhesive properties of decorin was evaluated. Caruncular epithelial cells were isolated from healthy cows during pregnancy, immediately after slaughter. Primary cell cultures derived from the 2nd and 4th month of gestation were used in the experiments. The viability of cells was assessed by MTT assay. The adhesion of cells to fibronectin was measured spectrophotometrically. The activity of metalloproteinases was confirmed by the metalloproteinase assay. Progesterone (10–5and 10–7 mol/L) and prostaglandin F2α(10–4,10–5and 10–7 mol/L) increased the viability of bovine caruncular epithelial cells in the 2nd month of pregnancy. The treatment with prostaglandin F2αsignificantly reduced the number of adherent cells from the 2nd month of gestation at the doses of 10–4and 10–5 mol/L. Both progesterone and prostaglandin F2αwere shown to have an effect of decorin resulting in both a decrease in metalloproteinase activity and an increase in adhesion of cells to fibronectin.
Effectiveness of EmergentAd HocCoordination Groups in Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Kim Yushim , Lee Kangbae , Oh Seong Soo , Park Heejin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhether emergent groups positively or negatively influence a disaster response remains inconclusive in the literature. We analyzed the effect of an emergent group on two interorganizational networks for information communication and resource coordination during a public health emergency response. Using the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus in Korea as a study case, we identified anad hocentity that appeared in both networks. This emergent group, which consists of government officials and public health specialists, directed and coordinated organizations at the center of the response networks. We found that the emergent group positively contributed to efficient information communication but had no effect on the resource network's efficiency. Our interpretation is that thead hocentity was filling relational gaps in the information network, but was redundant in the resource network.
A Computationally Efficient Bayesian Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Model for High-Dimensional Quantitative Trait Loci Discovery
Authors: Bottolo Leonardo , Banterle Marco , Richardson Sylvia , Ala-Korpela Mika , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Lewin Alex 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur work is motivated by the search for metabolite quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a cohort of more than 5000 people. There are 158 metabolites measured by NMR spectroscopy in the 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC66). These metabolites, as with many multivariate phenotypes produced by high-throughput biomarker technology, exhibit strong correlation structures. Existing approaches for combining such data with genetic variants for multivariate QTL analysis generally ignore phenotypic correlations or make restrictive assumptions about the associations between phenotypes and genetic loci. We present a computationally efficient Bayesian seemingly unrelated regressions model for high-dimensional data, with cell-sparse variable selection and sparse graphical structure for covariance selection. Cell sparsity allows different phenotype responses to be associated with different genetic predictors and the graphical structure is used to represent the conditional dependencies between phenotype variables. To achieve feasible computation of the large model space, we exploit a factorisation of the covariance matrix. Applying the model to the NFBC66 data with 9000 directly genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms, we are able to simultaneously estimate genotype–phenotype associations and the residual dependence structure among the metabolites. The R package BayesSUR with full documentation is available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BayesSUR/