bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of gridded short-term rainstorms
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen , Hsu Chih-Tsu , Chang Che-Hao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims to develop a stochastic method (SM_GSTR) for generating short-time (i.e., hourly) rainstorm events at all grids (named gridded rainstorm events) in a region. The proposed SM_GSTR model is developed by the non-normal correlated multivariate Monte Carlo simulation (MMCS) method with the statistical properties and spatiotemporal correlation structures of the four event-based gridded rainfall characteristics. The radar-based rainfall data on 20 typhoon events at 336 grids in a basin located in north Taiwan, Nankan River watershed, are used in the model development and demonstration. The results from the model demonstration indicate that the proposed SM_GSTR model can reproduce a great number of gridded rainfall characteristics, of which, the statistical properties in time and space have a good fit to those from the observations in association with the acceptable deviation; thus, it can reasonably emulate the behavior of the rain field in both time and space. It is expected that the resulting massive rainfall-induced disasters (e.g., inundation and landslide) from the physical-based numerical model with the simulated gridded rainstorms by the proposed SM_GSTR model can be applied to establish an alternative artificial intelligence (AI) model for effectively forecasting the hydrologic variables (e.g., runoff and water-level).
Performance of snow density measurement systems in snow stratigraphies
Authors: Hao Jiansheng , Mind'je Richard , Feng Ting , Li Lanhai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gravimetric and dielectric permittivity measurement systems (DMS) are applied to measure snow density, but few studies have addressed differences between the two measurement systems under complex snowpack conditions. A field experiment was conducted to measure the snow density using the two measurement systems in stratigraphical layers of different densities, liquid water content (LWC), hardness, and shear strength, and the performance of the two measurement systems was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the snow density from the DMS tended to underestimate by 9% in the dry snowpack and overestimate by 3% in the wet snowpack, expressed as the percentage of the mean density from the gravimetric measurement system (GMS). Compared with the GMS, the DMS has relatively low precision and accuracy in the dry snowpack and similar precision and accuracy in the wet snowpack. The accuracy and precision of the two measurement systems increased with the increase of hardness and shear strength of snow in the dry snowpack, but the accuracy and precision measured of the DMSs increased with the decrease of hardness and shear strength of snow in wet snowpack. The results will help field operators to choose a more reasonable measurement system based on snowpack characteristics to get reliable density data and optimize field measurements.
High-throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Pantoprazole and Atorvastatin in Rat Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study
Authors: Le Jian , Liao Yuehua , Li Shengni , Chen Xiujuan , Hong Zhanying 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Pantoprazole and atorvastatin are often used jointly in the clinic. The drug-drug interaction
of pantoprazole and atorvastatin is worthy of being investigated.

Objective:
A highly rapid, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification
of pantoprazole and atorvastatin in rat plasma.

Methods:
Omeprazole and atorvastatin-d5 were used as the internal standards (ISs) of pantoprazole and atorvastatin,
respectively. Simple protein precipitation was used to extract analytes from 50.0 μL plasma samples.

Results:
The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column and the total chromatographic run time was
3.2 min. Acquisition of mass spectrometric data was performed on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple-
reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode with an ESI source using the transition m/z 384→ 200 for pantoprazole and
m/z 559.4→ 440.2 for atorvastatin, respectively. The method was validated over the concentration range of 20.0 ∼
5000 ng/mL for pantoprazole and 1.00 ∼ 250 ng/mL for atorvastatin. All the validation results, including linearity,
specificity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability, met the acceptance criteria as per
FDA guidelines.

Conclusion:
This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic interaction study in Wistar rats. The results
revealed significant evidence for the drug-drug interaction between pantoprazole and atorvastatin.
Preparation of Optically Active Biphenyl Compounds via an Albumin-
Mediated Asymmetric Nitroaldol Reaction
Authors: Matsumoto Kazutsugu , Kitabayashi Ryota , Fukuchi Naoki , Suka Noriyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Human serum albumin (HSA) was found to catalyze the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction
of biphenyl aldehydes with nitromethane to afford the corresponding optically active 2-nitro alcohols.
Careful optimization of the conditions for the reaction of 4-phenylbenzaldehyde with nitromethane
in water at a neutral pH improved both the reactivity and the enantioselectivity. Finally, the
reaction of 4-phenylbenzaldehyde (56 mg, 0.30 mmol) in nitromethane (2.8 mL) and water (1.1
mL) using HSA (68 mg) at 5 °C for 240 h gave (R)-1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-nitroethanol in 71%
yield (52 mg), with an ee up to 85% ee. Subsequent recrystallization improved the ee up to 95%.
The reaction was useful in a preparative-scale operation, and the biocatalyst could be reused several
times. The procedure was also applicable to other substrates with different substitution patterns.
Although the nitroaldol reaction of 2-phenylbenzaldehyde with nitromethane proceeded with low
enantioselectivity to afford the corresponding (R)-2-nitroalcohols (35% ee), the reactions of the
substrates bearing Br, Me, OMe, or CN group at the 4'-position of the benzene ring gave the corresponding
optically active compounds with high enantioselectivities (80-88% ee).
CTO in Contemporary PCI
Authors: Farag Mohamed , Egred Mohaned 
Published: June 2021

:
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) of Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO) represents
the most challenging procedure in modern endovascular treatments. In recent years, the success
rate of CTO PCI has substantially improved, owing to increasing operator expertise and advancements
in CTO equipment and algorithms as well as the development of expert consensus documents.
In this review, we summarize existing evidence for CTO PCI, its success/ risk prediction
scoring tools, procedural principles and complications and provide an insight into the future role of
CTO PCI.
Association Between Imaging Features Using the BI-RADS and Tumor
Subtype in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Kim Young Seon , Ryu Min Jung , Lee Seung Eun 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Different molecular breast cancer subtypes present different biologic features,
treatment options, and clinical prognoses. The breast cancer imaging phenotype may help precisely
classify breast cancer in a non-invasive manner.

Objective:
To identify the association between the imaging and clinicopathologic features of invasive
breast cancer according to the molecular subtype.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 313 consecutive women
with breast cancer who underwent surgery between March 2018 and February 2019. Preoperative
imaging studies were also reviewed and the association between the clinicopathologic and imaging
features was evaluated according to the molecular subtype.

Results:
On mammography, the presence of microcalcifications was correlated with the human epidermal
factor receptor 2-positive subtype (67%, 14/21). Luminal A and B tumors were more likely
to have a spiculated margin (57% [63/110] and 41% [34/81]), while human epidermal factor receptor
2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers were more likely to have an indistinct margin
(56% [10/18] and 35% [17/48]). On ultrasonography, luminal A tumors were likely to be depicted
as masses with an irregular shape (85%, 115/136) and spiculated margin (49%, 66/136). On magnetic
resonance imaging, triple-negative breast cancer appeared as a mass (n=13) that frequently
had an irregular shape (62%, 8/13) but was more likely to be oval or round (39%, 5/13) than other
subtypes.

Conclusion:
Some imaging features on mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance
imaging could be useful predictors of the molecular subtype of breast cancer and may aid precision
medicine development for patients with breast cancer according to the subtype.
CT Findings of Pulmonary Metastases from Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: Chen Yan , He Xiang , Shang Jianfeng , Zhang Nan , Li Xiaodan , Liu Jiayi , Xu Lei , Liu Dongting , Li Yu , Sun Zhonghua , Wen Zhaoying 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy with high predilection
to involve surrounding structures such as pulmonary metastases. We analysed the chest computed
tomography (CT) imaging features of patients diagnosed with primary cardiac angiosarcoma with
pulmonary metastases in this study.

Methods:
This study retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with confirmed primary cardiac angiosarcoma,
out of which eight (all men) with pulmonary metastasis were included in the analysis. The
patients’ age ranged from 17 to 74 (mean: 48) years. CT was performed in all patients with unenhanced,
contrast-enhanced, and both scans were done in 1, 3 and 4 patients, respectively.

Results:
Nodular lesions were observed in 7 patients with multiple solid nodules observed in 6 out
of 7 patients. A solitary solid nodule was found in the remaining patient in the upper lobe and apical
segment of the right lung with a diameter of 11.7 mm. All solid nodules were distributed along
with bronchovascular bundles in the lungs, and their maximum diameter ranged from 2.3 to 19.9
mm. Nodules larger than 10 mm in diameter were heterogeneously enhanced on contrast-enhanced
CT images (5/8 patients), whereas those smaller than 10 mm were homogeneously enhanced (3/8
patients). Other imaging features, namely the tree-in-bud pattern, emphysema, pleural effusion, and
mediastinal lymph node enlargement, were observed in 4, 3, 3, and 2 patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
CT enhancement features of pulmonary metastasis in patients with primary cardiac angiosarcoma
depend on the size of pulmonary nodules, with larger ones being heterogeneous and
smaller ones homogeneous. Other signs are less noticed.
Pretreatment with Gallic Acid Mitigates Cyclophosphamide Induced Inflammation
and Oxidative Stress in Mice
Authors: Kalantar Hadi , Baharmi Saeed , Kalantari Heibatullah , Kalantar Mojtaba , Goudarzi Mehdi , Mansouri Esrafil 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cyclophosphamide (CP) as an alkylating compound has been widely applied
to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. CP is observed to be nephrotoxic in humans and animals
because it produces reactive oxygen species. Gallic Acid (GA), a polyhydroxy phenolic compound,
is reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective:
The current research aimed at evaluating the GA effect on CP-related renal toxicity.

Methods:
In total, 35 male mice were assigned to 5 groups. Group1: receiving normal saline, group
2: CP group, receiving one CP injection (200 mg/kg; i.p.) on day 6. Groups 3 and 4: GA+CP, GA
(10 and 30 mg/kg; p.o.; respectively) received through six consecutive days plus CP on the 6th day
2 hr after the last dose of GA, group 5: received GA (30 mg/kg; p.o.) for six consecutive days.
Then on day 7, blood samples were collected for determining Creatinine (Cr), serum kidney injury
molecule-1 (KIM-1), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin
(NGAL) concentrations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration, Catalase
(CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities,
and IL-1β, TNF-α levels were assessed in renal tissue.

Results:
CP administration significantly increases KIM-1, NGAL, Cr, BUN, MDA, NO, IL-1β,
and TNF-α level. It also decreases GSH concentration, SOD, GPx, and CAT function. Pretreatment
with GA prevented these changes. Histopathological assessments approved the GA protective effect.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that GA is possibly effective as a protective agent in cyclophosphamide-
associated toxicities.
Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Based Babchi Oil Hydrogel Ameliorates
Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in Swiss Mice: An Impact on Safety and
Efficacy
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jangir Babu Lal , Rao Rekha 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune disease, involves the integration of biological
and molecular events by hyperproliferation of the epidermal keratinocytes and generation of inflammation
markers. Owing to severe complications of synthetic corticosteroids, there is a strong need for a
potential and safe alternative. Babchi oil (natural essential oil; BO) may prove to be a promising natural
agent for psoriasis.

Objective:
The aim of the present work was to investigate the safety and efficacy of cyclodextrin nanosponge
based babchi oil (BONS) hydrogel on skin annexes.

Methods:
Babchi Oil Nanosponge Hydrogel (BONS-HG) was fabricated and evaluated. Cell viability
studies have been carried out on THP1 cell lines to evaluate cytocompatibility. Irritation potential and
in vivo visualization of cutaneous uptake of BONS-HG were carried out using Hen’s Egg Chorioallantoic
Membrane Test (HET-CAM) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), respectively.
The nano hydrogel was tested in vivo using imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Results:
The in vitro irritation potential of BONS-HG indicated no sign of erythema or irritation, suggesting
the safety of prepared hydrogel as topical formulation. CLSM studies advocated targeting of
BO to epidermis and dermis. Along with histopathological assessment, evaluation of oxidative stress
markers revealed the significant antipsoriatic activity (p< 0.001) of the prepared BONS-HG.

Conclusion:
The present study amalgamated the advantages of natural essential oil with this approach
for skin targeting and provided an effective and safe topical alternative for psoriasis.
Tepung Pisang Berlin Unripe Meningkatkan Fungsi Kognitif Tikus Yang Diinduksi High Fat Diet
Authors: Damayati Ratih Putri , Agustin Firda , Febriyatna Ayu 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKKonsumsi lemak yang berlebih berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan sistem saraf utamanya pada otak. PisangÂ berlin unripe atau unripe banana flour (UBF) mengandung magnesium dan flavonoid. Tujuan penelitian yakni untuk mengetahui pengaruh tepung pisang berlin unripe terhadap fungsi kognitif tikus yang diinduksi HFD. Tikus wistar sebanyak 18 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok tikus normal (K-), kelompok tikus yang diinduksi HFD (K+), dan tikus yang diinduksi HFD+UBF. HFD diinduksi selama 9 minggu dan intervensi UBF diberikan selama empat minggu. Parameter yang diuji yakni kandungan pakan HFD+UBF fungsi kognitif tikus setelah diinduksi HFD (Pretest) dan setelah intervensi UBF (Postest). Pengukuran fungsi kognitif dengan menggunakan labirin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tikus yang diinduksi HFD setelah diberi UBF (posttest) mengalami peningkatan fungsi kognitif dibandingkan sebelum diberi perlakuan UBF (pretest)Â (P<0,05). Simpulan diperoleh bahwa tepung pisang berlin unripe mampu memperbaiki fungsi kognitif tikus yang diinduksi HFD.Â Kata kunci: HFD, Kognitif, UBFÂ ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of a high-fat diet develops nervous system imbalance, particularly in the brain. Unripe banana flour (UBF) from berlin banana has magnesium and flavonoid content. This research aimed to determine the effect of unripe berlin banana flour on the cognitive function of rats induced with HFD. As many as eighteen white male Wistar rats were divided into normal rats group (K-), HFD-induced rats group (K+), and UBF+HFD-induced rats group. HFD induction was carried out for nine weeks, and UBF intervention was given for four weeks. The parameters tested were HFD+UBF feed content and the cognitive function of rats after HFD induction (Pretest) and after the UBF intervention (Postest). The cognitive function measurement was done using a maze. The results showed that HFD induced rats given UBF (posttest) had increased cognitive function compared to rats before treated with UBF (pretest) (P <0.05). In short, unripe berlin banana flour could improve the cognitive function of HFD-induced rats.Keywords: Cognitive, HFD, UBF
Lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) Juice Potential on Preventing Lipid Profile Aberrations as Alternative to Lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.) Juice
Authors: Anggraeny Olivia , Venesa Keshya , Magdalena Nadia , Dame Stefany , Winnie Sylvia , .Nesya Stephani , . Nurdiana 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKHiperlipidemia merupakan penyebab dari berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Mengonsumsi air perasan lemon menjadi tren di Indonesia beberapa tahun ini. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan efektivitas air perasan lemon dan jeruk nipis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan profil lemak darah: kolesterol total, low density lipid (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), dan trigliserida (TG) pada tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak, air perasan lemon, dan jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok dosis perlakuan air perasan lemon dan jeruk nipis. Didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kadar LDL (P0.151; p<0.05), VLDL (P0.187; p<0.05), TG (P0.216; p<0.05), namun ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada kadar kolesterol total (P0.003; p<0.05). Hewan coba yang diberi perlakuan jeruk nipis memiliki sebagian besar rerata kadar lemak yang tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok perlakuan lemon. Meskipun demikian, kolesterol total pada kelompok jeruk nipis lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok lemon. Konsumsi jeruk nipis tampaknya memiliki kemungkinan menjadi alternatif dari lemon yang lebih murah dan terjangkau untuk mencegah profil lemak yang buruk.Â Â Kata kunci: lemon, jeruk nipis, kolesterol total, LDL, VLDL, TGABSTRACTHyperlipidemia causes various degenerative diseases. Recently, consuming lemon juice has become a trend in Indonesia to improve blood lipid profiles. This study compared the effectiveness of lemon juice and lime juice. This study aimed to determine differences in blood lipid profile that contains total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG) in rats given High Fat Diet (HFD), lemon juice, and lime juice. This study used 32 white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into eight treatment groups of lemon and lime juice doses. The results showed no significant differences in LDL (P0.151; p<0.05), VLDL (P0.187; p<0.05), and TG (P0.216; p<0.05), but there were significant differences in total cholesterol levels (P0.003; p<0.05). The experimental animals receiving lime juice had mean scores of lipid levels that were not significantly different from those with lemon treatment. However, the total cholesterol levels among groups given lime juice showed lower levels than the control and lemon treatment groups. Lime consumption seems possible to be a cheaper and affordable alternative to lemon to prevent lipid profile aberrations.Keywords: lemon, lime, TC, LDL, VLDL, TG
WhatsApp-Based Focus Groups Among Mexican-Origin Women in Zika Risk Area: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Data Quality
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth , Koss Mary , Castro Luque Ana Lucía , Garcia David , Lopez Elise , Ernst Kacey 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite unprecedented advances in worldwide access to the internet via smartphones, barriers to engaging hard-to-reach populations remain in many methods of health research. A potential avenue for conducting qualitative research is via participatory web-based media, including the free, popular social platform WhatsApp. However, despite the clear advantages of engaging with participants over a well-established web-based platform, logistical challenges remain.

Objective
This study aims to report evidence on the feasibility and acceptability of WhatsApp as a method to conduct focus groups.

Methods
A pilot focus group was conducted with Spanish-speaking women near the US–Mexico border. The content focus was knowledge and perceived risks for exposure to the Zika virus during pregnancy.

Results
Evidence was obtained regarding WhatsApp as a low-cost, logistically feasible methodology that resulted in rich qualitative data from a population that is often reticent to engage in traditional research. A total of 5 participants participated in a focus group, of whom all 5 consistently contributed to the focus group chat in WhatsApp, which was conducted over 3 consecutive days.

Conclusions
The findings are noteworthy at a time when face-to-face focus groups, the gold standard, are risky or precluded by safe COVID-19 guidelines. Other implications include more applications and evaluations of WhatsApp for delivering one-on-one or group health education interventions on sensitive topics. This paper outlines the key steps and considerations for the replication or adaptation of methods.
The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standard: Systematic Literature Review of Implementations, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Pasha Muhammad F , Alzahrani Mohammed Y , Budiarto Rahmat , Stiawan Deris 
Published: May 2021

Background
Information technology has shifted paper-based documentation in the health care sector into a digital form, in which patient information is transferred electronically from one place to another. However, there remain challenges and issues to resolve in this domain owing to the lack of proper standards, the growth of new technologies (mobile devices, tablets, ubiquitous computing), and health care providers who are reluctant to share patient information. Therefore, a solid systematic literature review was performed to understand the use of this new technology in the health care sector. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic literature reviews that focus on Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based electronic health records (EHRs). In addition, FHIR is the latest standard, which is in an infancy stage of development. Therefore, this is a hot research topic with great potential for further research in this domain.

Objective
The main aim of this study was to explore and perform a systematic review of the literature related to FHIR, including the challenges, implementation, opportunities, and future FHIR applications.

Methods
In January 2020, we searched articles published from January 2012 to December 2019 via all major digital databases in the field of computer science and health care, including ACM, IEEE Explorer, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. We identified 8181 scientific articles published in this field, 80 of which met our inclusion criteria for further consideration.

Results
The selected 80 scientific articles were reviewed systematically, and we identified open questions, challenges, implementation models, used resources, beneficiary applications, data migration approaches, and goals of FHIR.

Conclusions
The literature analysis performed in this systematic review highlights the important role of FHIR in the health care domain in the near future.