bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Adult Pancreatoblastoma With Novel APC Mutation and Genetic Heterogeneity
Authors: Suemitsu Yamato , Ono Yusuke , Mizukami Yusuke , Ye Juanjuan , Yamakawa Keiko , Takamoto Takeshi , Nakano-Narusawa Yuko , Mukai Yuri , Takamatsu Manabu , Nakazawa Atsuko , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Kumasaka Toshio , Matsuda Yoko 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundPancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas that mainly occurs in children and involves abnormalities in the WNT/β-catenin pathway, such as CTNNB1 mutation. However, the molecular abnormalities in adult pancreatoblastoma are not well known.Case PresentationAn elderly man, who underwent elective distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, was referred to our hospital with a mass in the tail of the pancreas. Histologically, the lesion revealed proliferation of clear, basophilic, and cartilaginous tumor cells with lymphatic metastasis. Each of the morphologically distinct tumor components showed different immunohistochemical patterns, indicating heterogeneous differentiation, including epithelial (both acinar and ductal), mesenchymal, and neuroendocrine differentiation. All tumor components showed nuclear expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1. Per next-generation sequencing (NGS), the clear and basophilic tumor cells shared mutations in APC, GRM8, LAMP1, and AKA9. Among the mutations, APC, c.1816_1817insA showed the highest frequency in both cell types, indicating that APC mutation was a driver mutation of the tumor. A diagnosis of PB was rendered.SummaryIn conclusion, the clear and basophilic cells of the tumor were supposedly derived from the same clone and subsequently acquired additional mutations. This is the first report of clonal evolution in pancreatoblastoma.
Self-Medication Among Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Pereira Gabriela , Surita Fernanda Garanhani , Ferracini Amanda Canato , Madeira Cinthia de Souza , Oliveira Letícia Silva , Mazzola Priscila Gava 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The pregnancy period, with its peculiarities and specific symptoms that may or may not be physiological, can lead to medication use through prescription or even self-medication. This study aimed to assess self-medication practices among pregnant women, the most used medications, symptoms reported, and factors associated with this practice.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women with an antenatal care (ANC) appointment in a tertiary teaching hospital referral in women’s health. From April 2019 to February 2020, 297 pregnant women were interviewed. Self-medication was considered as the use of any medicine (including medicinal plants (MPs), herbal products, and vitamins) without a medical or dental prescription. The period considered to assess self-medication practice was the last 60 days prior to the study interview.Results: Among the 297 women interviewed, 107 (36.0%) had practiced self-medication in the previous 60 days. Acetaminophen was the most used medication, and headache was the most frequent symptom reported by self-medicated pregnant women. Pregnant women with high-school (73 (68.2%) (OR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.17–5.43; p = 0.018)) or university-level (23 (21.5%) (OR = 2.82; 95% CI 1.15–6.94; p = 0.024)) education had a higher risk of practicing self-medication when compared to women with lower education. Women in the first gestational trimester (35 (32.7%) (OR = 3.61; 95% CI 1.64–7.96; p = 0.002)) and with two or more pregnancies (87 (81.2%) (OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.07–3.60; p = 0.029)) were more likely to practice self-medication than pregnant women in the second or third gestational trimester and in the first pregnancy, respectively.Conclusion: Self-medication was practiced by a considerable proportion of our sample, with the majority being OTC drugs. The factors associated with self-medication can help to improve prevention strategies regarding self-medication during pregnancy.
A Synthetic Hydrogel, VitroGel® ORGANOID-3, Improves Immune Cell-Epithelial Interactions in a Tissue Chip Co-Culture Model of Human Gastric Organoids and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Cherne Michelle D. , Sidar Barkan , Sebrell T. Andrew , Sanchez Humberto S. , Heaton Kody , Kassama Francis J. , Roe Mandi M. , Gentry Andrew B. , Chang Connie B. , Walk Seth T. , Jutila Mark , Wilking James N. , Bimczok Diane 
Published: September 2021

Immunosurveillance of the gastrointestinal epithelium by mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) is essential for maintaining gut health. However, studying the complex interplay between the human gastrointestinal epithelium and MNPs such as dendritic cells (DCs) is difficult, since traditional cell culture systems lack complexity, and animal models may not adequately represent human tissues. Microphysiological systems, or tissue chips, are an attractive alternative for these investigations, because they model functional features of specific tissues or organs using microscale culture platforms that recreate physiological tissue microenvironments. However, successful integration of multiple of tissue types on a tissue chip platform to reproduce physiological cell-cell interactions remains a challenge. We previously developed a tissue chip system, the gut organoid flow chip (GOFlowChip), for long term culture of 3-D pluripotent stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids. Here, we optimized the GOFlowChip platform to build a complex microphysiological immune-cell-epithelial cell co-culture model in order to study DC-epithelial interactions in human stomach. We first tested different tubing materials and chip configurations to optimize DC loading onto the GOFlowChip and demonstrated that DC culture on the GOFlowChip for up to 20 h did not impact DC activation status or viability. However, Transwell chemotaxis assays and live confocal imaging revealed that Matrigel, the extracellular matrix (ECM) material commonly used for organoid culture, prevented DC migration towards the organoids and the establishment of direct MNP-epithelial contacts. Therefore, we next evaluated DC chemotaxis through alternative ECM materials including Matrigel-collagen mixtures and synthetic hydrogels. A polysaccharide-based synthetic hydrogel, VitroGel®-ORGANOID-3 (V-ORG-3), enabled significantly increased DC chemotaxis through the matrix, supported organoid survival and growth, and did not significantly alter DC activation or viability. On the GOFlowChip, DCs that were flowed into the chip migrated rapidly through the V-ORG matrix and reached organoids embedded deep within the chip, with increased interactions between DCs and gastric organoids. The successful integration of DCs and V-ORG-3 embedded gastric organoids into the GOFlowChip platform now permits real-time imaging of MNP-epithelial interactions and other investigations of the complex interplay between gastrointestinal MNPs and epithelial cells in their response to pathogens, candidate drugs and mucosal vaccines.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Single Bolus of the γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptor Potentiator HSK3486 in Healthy Chinese Elderly and Non-elderly
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Yang Deming , Li Qianqian , Wang Hong , Wang Meng , Yan Pangke , Wu Nan , Li Fangqiong , Ma Shiping , Ding Yanhua , Liu Jingrui , Wang Hushan 
Published: September 2021

Background: The present clinical trial investigated the potential influences of dosage and age on the pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile of HSK3486, and whether any adjustment in dosing regimen is necessary in elderly patients.Methods: Twenty-four elderly participants (65–73 years) were apportioned to three equal cohorts to receive a single IV bolus of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/kg HSK3486, respectively. An additional control group comprised eight non-elderly participants (21–44 years), who each received a single IV bolus dose of 0.4 mg/kg. Safety was assessed throughout the study, and the clinical effects were assessed based on modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation and bispectral index (BIS) monitor. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.Results: The rates of drug-related adverse reactions among the elderly groups were a little higher than that of the non-elderly, and were slightly higher in the elderly receiving 0.4 mg/kg compared with the elderly given lower doses. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of 0.4 mg/kg HSK3486 in the elderly and non-elderly were comparable. The time to recovery was similar in elderly 0.3 mg/kg, elderly 0.4 mg/kg and non-elderly 0.4 mg/kg groups. In the elderly 0.2 mg/kg group, the time to loss of consciousness was a little longer, and the time to recovery was shorter, relative to the other three groups.Conclusions: Administration of 0.3 mg/kg to the elderly and 0.4 mg/kg to the non-elderly were similarly efficacious. A dose of HSK3486 of 0.3 mg/kg may be chosen for clinical use in elderly patients.
Association Between Burst-Suppression Latency and Burst-Suppression Ratio Under Isoflurane or Adjuvant Drugs With Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice
Authors: Wang Di , Guo Qingchen , Liu Di , Kong Xiang-Xi , Xu Zheng , Zhou Yu , Su Yan , Dai Feng , Ding Hai-Lei , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: September 2021

The same doses of anesthesia may yield varying depths of anesthesia in different patients. Clinical studies have revealed a possible causal relationship between deep anesthesia and negative short- and long-term patient outcomes. However, a reliable index and method of the clinical monitoring of deep anesthesia and detecting latency remain lacking. As burst-suppression is a characteristic phenomenon of deep anesthesia, the present study investigated the relationship between burst-suppression latency (BSL) and the subsequent burst-suppression ratio (BSR) to find an improved detection for the onset of intraoperative deep anesthesia. The mice were divided young, adult and old group treated with 1.0% or 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia alone for 2 h. In addition, the adult mice were pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, midazolam or propofol before they were anesthetized by 1.0% isoflurane for 2 h. Continuous frontal, parietal and occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) were acquired during anesthesia. The time from the onset of anesthesia to the first occurrence of burst-suppression was defined as BSL, while BSR was calculated as percentage of burst-suppression time that was spent in suppression periods. Under 1.0% isoflurane anesthesia, we found a negative correlation between BSL and BSR for EEG recordings obtained from the parietal lobes of young mice, from the parietal and occipital lobes of adult mice, and the occipital lobes of old mice. Under 1.5% isoflurane anesthesia, only the BSL calculated from EEG data obtained from the occipital lobe was negatively correlated with BSR in all mice. Furthermore, in adult mice receiving 1.0% isoflurane anesthesia, the co-administration of ketamine and midazolam, but not dexmedetomidine and propofol, significantly decreased BSL and increased BSR. Together, these data suggest that BSL can detect burst-suppression and predict the subsequent BSR under isoflurane anesthesia used alone or in combination with anesthetics or adjuvant drugs. Furthermore, the consistent negative correlation between BSL and BSR calculated from occipital EEG recordings recommends it as the optimal position for monitoring burst-suppression.
Simulated Variation Characteristics of Oceanic CO2 Uptake, Surface Temperature, and Acidification in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Wang Kuo , Zhang Han , Fan Gao-Feng , Li Zheng-Quan , Yu Zhen-Yan , Liu Pei-Pei 
Published: September 2021

Since preindustrial times, atmospheric CO2 content increased continuously, leading to global warming through the greenhouse effect. Oceanic carbon sequestration mitigates global warming; on the other hand, oceanic CO2 uptake would reduce seawater pH, which is termed ocean acidification. We perform Earth system model simulations to assess oceanic CO2 uptake, surface temperature, and acidification for Zhejiang offshore, one of the most vulnerable areas to marine disasters. In the last 40 years, atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by 71 ppm, and sea surface temperature (SST) in Zhejiang offshore increased at a rate of 0.16°C/10a. Cumulative oceanic CO2 uptake in Zhejiang offshore is 0.3 Pg C, resulting in an increase of 20% in sea surface hydrogen ion concentration, and the acidification rate becomes faster in the last decade. During 2020–2040, under four RCP scenarios, SST in Zhejiang offshore increases by 0.3–0.5°C, whereas cumulative ocean carbon sequestration is 0.150–0.165 Pg C. Relative to RCP2.6, the decrease of surface pH in Zhejiang offshore is doubled under RCP8.5. Furthermore, simulated results show that the relationship between CO2 scenario and oceanic carbon cycle is nonlinear, which hints that deeper reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emission may be needed if we aim to mitigate ocean acidification in Zhejiang offshore under a higher CO2 concentration scenario. Our study quantifies the variation characteristics of oceanic climate and carbon cycle fields in Zhejiang offshore, and provides new insight into the responses of oceanic carbon cycle and the climate system to oceanic carbon sequestration.
Gender Comparison of Psychological Reaction Between Breast Cancer Survivors and Their Spouses
Authors: Simin Tan , Jin Yan , Aidi Zhang , Xiaofang Tan , Chunhong Ruan , Lezhi Li 
Published: September 2021

Background: Scant evidence exists among the different psychological issues between patients with breast cancer and their spouses. The objective of our study was to develop the measuring instrument testing psychological reaction and compare the difference in psychological reaction between patients with breast cancer and their spouses during the period of diagnosis and treatment.Method: The semi-structured interview guideline was guided by the psychological stress model. In-depth interviews were conducted among patients with breast cancer and their spouses. Qualitative data was used to establish the item pool for the psychological reaction. Delphi method was used for item modifications. The items were conducted to find common factors through exploration factor analysis. Comparing the differences of common factors through t-test between patients with breast cancer and their spouses.Results: Five couples were interviewed directed by the semi-structured interview guideline. About 38 items were reserved to formulate the questionnaire through the Delphi method. A total of 391 respondents (216 patients and 175 spouses) were recruited to complete the questionnaire. Two common structures were found through exploration factor analysis, which was named as reaction to role and body image change and negative coping reaction. The t-test found that the dimension of reaction to role and body image change (95% CI = 2.34–5.01, p &lt; 0.001) reflects the difference between patients with breast cancer and their spouses.Conclusion: The reactions to role and body image change between patients with breast cancer and their spouses are different during the period of diagnosis and treatment. Clinical workers should pay attention to the different reactions and help couples deal with breast cancer smoothly.
Perceptions and Experiences of Older Persons in Two Types of Institution in France: Foster Care Family Institution and Medico-Social One
Authors: Chammem Rita , Domi Serge , Schott Anne Marie 
Published: September 2021

Background: The rapid increase in the number of older people with loss of autonomy and requiring human support, medical services, and adapted accommodation is a challenge in many countries. Beside institutions for older people, foster care families may offer an interesting innovative and affordable alternative that should to be evaluated. As the place of living has a major impact on the quality of life, our objective was to compare the perceptions and experience of older adults depending on the type of accommodation in which they live in.Methods: This study was based on a mixed method approach, with a quantitative assessment and a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews conducted with older people living in two different types of institutions: medico-social institution and foster care families. We explored the perceptions and the quality of life of the participants.Results: Institutionalization, chosen or not, can represent a trauma for older people as it disrupts their personal habits. Participants described medico-social institutions as an institutional framework supported by a strict professional team and rules, as impersonal structures (i.e., somewhat neutral), and as offering a very present, prepared, and respected reception protocol on the first day of arrival, which remained marked in memories. On the other hand, foster care families were considered as more spontaneous and family-oriented structures relying on internal and negotiable rules, offering personalized and close support in the face of loss of autonomy, but in which the reception protocol on the first day of arrival was almost absent.Conclusions: Foster care families and medico-social institutions presented different advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of the participants. This can help health policy makers to rethink the way seniors are housed by taking into consideration their perception and quality of life.
The Relationship Between Mental Health Problems and Systemic Family Dynamics Among High School and University Students in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Yang Zhe , Cui Yi , Yang Yifan , Wang Yue , Zhang Haiyue , Liang Ying , Zhang Yuhai , Shang Lei 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to correlate relationships between systemic family dynamics and mental health and to explore family factors that influence adolescent mental health in Shaanxi Province, China.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to sample adolescents aged 12–23 using a questionnaire including Self-rating Scale of Systemic Family Dynamics, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and general demographic.Results: More educated parents in white-collar employment and higher family income were associated with better mental health and better family dynamic scores. The total score of family dynamics was positively correlated with mental health scores. The generalized linear mixed model found that poorer mental health was associated with increased age, being in senior high school, having a father in a blue-collar profession, and SSFD square. The structural equation modelling suggested that this is largely a mediated effect via those characteristics impacting family dynamics, which in turn affect mental health.Conclusion: Family dynamics may be an important contributor to adolescent mental health. Education and interventions aimed at improving family dynamics may be useful for reducing the prevalence of mental health problems amongst adolescents.
Efflux Pump Inhibition and Resistance Modulation in Mycobacterium smegmatis by Peucedanum ostruthium and Its Coumarins
Authors: Šimunović Katarina , Solnier Julia , Alperth Fabian , Kunert Olaf , Smole Možina Sonja Smole , Bucar Franz 
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem and may become the next major global health crisis if no timely actions are taken. Mycobacterial infections are widespread and, due to antibiotic resistance, also hard to treat and a major cause of mortality. Natural compounds have the potential to increase antibiotic effectiveness due to their resistance modulatory and antimicrobial effects. In this study, Peucedanum ostruthium extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were investigated regarding their antimicrobial and resistance-modulatory effects as well as efflux pump inhibition in Mycobacterium smegmatis. P. ostruthium extracts were found to have anti-mycobacterial potential and resistance modulating effects on ethidium bromide activity. The major antibacterial effect was attributed to ostruthin, and we found that the more lipophilic the substrate, the greater the antimicrobial effect. Imperatorin caused potent modulatory effects by interfering with the action of the major LfrA efflux pump in M. smegmatis. The plant P. ostruthuim has a complex effect on M. smegmatis, including antibacterial, efflux pump inhibition, resistance modulation, and membrane permeabilization, and its major constituents, ostruthin and imperatorin, have a distinct role in these effects. This makes P. ostruthium and its coumarins promising therapeutics to consider in the fight against drug-resistant mycobacteria.
MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluid over an Exponentially Shrinking Surface with Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Othman Mohamad Nizam , Jedi Alias , Bakar Nor Ashikin Abu 
Published: September 2021

In nanotechnology research, nanofluid technology contributes many applications to engineering applications and industry, such as power generation, solar collection, heat exchangers for cooling, and many more. However, there are still a few constraints in terms of heat transfer enhancement, although nanofluid properties show the best heat transfer rate compared with conventional fluids. Thus, this study was conducted for the purpose of investigating the behaviors of flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a permeable exponentially shrinking surface, as well as investigating the effects of a magnetic field and heat source/sink. This study was conducted by developing a mathematical model, which was the Tiwari–Das model for momentum and energy equations, and then transforming the model’s partial differential equations (PDEs) to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using a similarity solution. Next, these equations were solved numerically using the MATLAB bvp4c boundary value problem solver. The authors particularly explored these behaviors with a few variations. Based on the results obtained, it was found that dual solutions exist in a specific range of the shrinking case, λc<λ<−λ and that the critical point λc also exists in a range of −1.5 < λc < −1 with different parameters. For the heat source/sink effect, the Nusselt number was higher when heat sink case ε < 0, whereas it decreased when the heat source case ε > 0. Therefore, this study deduced that the heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluid (CNTs/Cu–water) is better than regular nanofluid (CNT–water) and conventional fluid (water). The present study took into consideration the problem of MHD flow and heat transfer analysis of a hybrid nanofluid towards an exponentially shrinking surface with the presence of heat source/sink and thermal radiation effects. The authors show that dual solutions exist within a specific range of values due to the shrinking case. The current work is predicted to have numerous benefits in equivalent real-world systems.