bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic factors increase the identification efficiency of predictive models for dyslipidaemia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Niu Miaomiao , Zhang Liying , Wang Yikang , Tu Runqi , Liu Xiaotian , Hou Jian , Huo Wenqian , Mao Zhenxing , Wang Zhenfei , Wang Chongjian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have developed risk models for dyslipidaemia, especially for rural populations. Furthermore, the performance of genetic factors in predicting dyslipidaemia has not been explored. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate prediction models with and without genetic factors for dyslipidaemia in rural populations.MethodsA total of 3596 individuals from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included in this study. According to the ratio of 7:3, all individuals were divided into a training set and a testing set. The conventional models and conventional+GRS (genetic risk score) models were developed with Cox regression, artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) classifiers in the training set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were used to assess the discrimination ability of the models, and the calibration curve was used to show calibration ability in the testing set.ResultsCompared to the lowest quartile of GRS, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of individuals in the highest quartile of GRS was 1.23(1.07, 1.41) in the total population. Age, family history of diabetes, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were used to develop the conventional models, and the AUCs of the Cox, ANN, RF, and GBM classifiers were 0.702(0.673, 0.729), 0.736(0.708, 0.762), 0.787 (0.762, 0.811), and 0.816(0.792, 0.839), respectively. After adding GRS, the AUCs increased by 0.005, 0.018, 0.023, and 0.015 with the Cox, ANN, RF, and GBM classifiers, respectively. The corresponding NRI and IDI were 25.6, 7.8, 14.1, and 18.1% and 2.3, 1.0, 2.5, and 1.8%, respectively.ConclusionGenetic factors could improve the predictive ability of the dyslipidaemia risk model, suggesting that genetic information could be provided as a potential predictor to screen for clinical dyslipidaemia.Trial registrationThe Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register. (Trial registration:ChiCTR-OOC-15006699. Registered 6 July 2015 - Retrospectively registered).
Health related quality of life and buffering factors in adult survivors of acute pediatric lymphoblastic leukemia and their siblings
Authors: Aili Katarina , Arvidsson Susann , Nygren Jens M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The improvement in treatment of pediatric acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) has introduced new challenges for pediatric oncology care in understanding and handling long-term treatment-related complications later in adult life. The aim of this study was to describe health related quality of life (HRQoL) and the relation to buffering factors among young adult (YA) pediatric ALL survivors and their siblings.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed among 227 adults, treated for pediatric ALL in Sweden between 1985 and 1997 and their siblings (n = 70). Group means of HRQoL (SF-36) were compared between YA ALL survivors and the siblings, as well as to normative values from the general population. Self-efficacy (GSES) and social support (SS-13 subscale AVSI) was considering potential buffering factors for HRQoL and mental health. Associations between HRQoL and mental health respectively and self-efficacy and social support was analyzed.

Results
The YA ALL survivors scored significantly lower on the HRQoL parameters general health (69.6 vs. 78.4, p = 0.004) and role emotional (77.1 vs. 88.1, p = 0.014), than the siblings. Further, they reported significantly lower general health (69.6 vs. 75.8), vitality (56.9 vs. 68.8), social functioning (84.5 vs. 88.6), role emotional (77.1 vs. 85.7) and mental health (71.3 vs. 80.9) compared with Swedish norms. Both YA ALL survivors and the siblings reported lower vitality and worse mental health than the general population. The HRQoL parameters, depression, stress and anxiety were all associated with both self-efficacy and social support among the YA ALL survivors. Among the siblings however, only general health, vitality, role emotional, mental health and depression were associated with social support, and only general health and mental health were associated with general self-efficacy.

Conclusion
The results from this study show that buffering factors, like social support and self-efficacy, may play an important role for psychosocial outcomes and HRQoL among YA ALL survivors later in life. The results suggest that this group could benefit from continuous support in adult life to handle consequences of their pediatric disease.
Expression of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) adenomas and its correlation with DNA mismatch repair proteins, p53, Bcl-2, COX-2 and beta-catenin
Authors: Roser Christoph , Tóth Csaba , Renner Marcus , Herpel Esther , Schirmacher Peter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) adenomas exhibit a uniform pathogenetic basis caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis gene (APC), but the molecular changes leading to their development are incompletely understood. However, dysregulated apoptosis is known to substantially affect the development of colonic adenomas. One of the key regulatory proteins involved in apoptosis is apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC).

Methods
The expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic ARC in 212 adenomas from 80 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We also compared expression levels of ARC with the expression levels of p53, Bcl-2, COX-2, and MMR proteins. Statistical analyses were performed by Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression test.

Results
ARC was overexpressed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of most FAP adenomas investigated. Cytoplasmic ARC staining was moderately stronger (score 2) in 49.1% (n = 104/212) and substantially stronger (score 3) in 32.5% (n = 69/212) of adenomas compared to non-tumorous colorectal mucosa. In 18.4% (n = 39/212) of adenomas, cytoplasmic ARC staining was equivalent to that in non-tumorous mucosa.
Nuclear expression of ARC in over 75% of cells was present in 30.7% (n = 65/212) of investigated adenomas, and nuclear expression in 10–75% of cells was detected in 62.7% (n = 133/212). ARC expression in under 10% of nuclei was found in 6.6% (n = 14/212) of adenomas.
The correlation between nuclear ARC expression and cytoplasmic ARC expression was highly significant (p = 0.001). Moreover, nuclear ARC expression correlated positively with overexpression of Bcl-2, COX-2 p53 and β-catenin. Cytoplasmic ARC also correlated with overexpression of Bcl-2. Sporadic MMR deficiency was detected in very few FAP adenomas and showed no correlation with nuclear or cytoplasmic ARC.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that both cytoplasmic and nuclear ARC are overexpressed in FAP adenomas, thus in a homogenous collective. The highly significant correlation between nuclear ARC and nuclear β-catenin suggested that ARC might be regulated by β-catenin in FAP adenomas. Because of its further correlations with p53, Bcl-2, and COX-2, nuclear ARC might play a substantial role not only in carcinomas but also in precursor lesions.
Survival outcomes of surgery in patients with pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a retrospective single-institution analysis and literature review
Authors: Chen Yeye , Zhang Jiaqi , Huang Cheng , Tian Zhenhuan , Zhou Xiaoyun , Guo Chao , Liu Hongsheng , Li Shanqing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (pLCNEC) is a very rare malignancy originating from the lung and bronchus, and its biological behaviour, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are poorly understood. Thus, the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment-related prognostic factors of this rare disorder must be explored.ResultsThe clinical data of 59 patients (48 males and 11 females) who were treated by surgery and diagnosed with pLCNEC by postoperative pathology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2004 to April 2019 were analysed retrospectively. The median patient age was 62 years (38–79 years), and the median duration of disease was 2 months (0.5–18 months). Compared with other lung malignancies, pLCNEC lacks specific clinical symptoms and imaging features, and preoperative biopsy pathology is often insufficient to confirm the diagnosis. The corresponding numbers of patients who were classified into stages I, II, III and IV according to the postoperative pathological tumour-nodal-metastasis stage were 25, 12, 15 and 7, respectively. The median overall survival was 36 months (0.9–61.1 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 76.3%, 49% and 44.7%, respectively. The tumour stage exerted a significant effect on survival (Cox multivariate analysis p < 0.05).ConclusionsFor patients with resectable pLCNEC, multidisciplinary therapy based on surgery may have good survival benefits, and tumour stage is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of pLCNEC.
Circ_0119872 promotes uveal melanoma development by regulating the miR-622/G3BP1 axis and downstream signalling pathways
Authors: Liu Shuting , Chen Liang , Chen Hua , Xu Kangkang , Peng Xi , Zhang Mingchang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The abnormal expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in uveal melanoma (UM) has been revealed, but the specific underlying molecular mechanism of their association with UM development has not been fully explored.

Methods
The levels of circ_0119872, G3BP1 and miR-622 in UM cell lines and tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting assays. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the function of circ_0119872 in the tumorigenesis of UM cells. The relationships among circ_0119872, miR-622 and G3BP1 were predicted using bioinformatic tools and verified by RNA-FISH, RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The effects of circ_0119872 on Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signalling pathways were determined by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and western blotting.

Results
We found that circ_0119872 is upregulated in UM cell lines and tissues. Moreover, overexpression of circ_0119872 promotes the malignancy of UM cells, while silencing of circ_0119872 inhibits it. In addition, circ_0119872 can directly interact with miR-622 as a miRNA sponge that regulates the expression of the miR-622 target gene G3BP1 as well as downstream Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signalling pathways.

Conclusions
Circ_0119872 may act as an oncogene in UM through a novel circ_0119872/miR-622/G3BP1 axis, activating the Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signalling pathways, which in turn may provide potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of UM.
Isometric blood flow restriction exercise: acute physiological and neuromuscular responses
Authors: Lauber Benedikt , König Daniel , Gollhofer Albert , Centner Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated that the addition of blood flow restriction (BFR) to low-load (LL) resistance exercise leads to elevated levels of muscle hypertrophy and strength gains. In terms of main underlying mechanisms, metabolic accumulation and increased neuromuscular adaptations seem to play a primary role. However, this evidence is largely based on dynamic exercise conditions. Therefore, the main objective was to investigate the acute physiological adaptations following isometric LL-BFR exercise.MethodsFifteen males participated in this cross-over trial and completed the following sessions in a random and counterbalanced order: isometric LL-BFR exercise (20% maximum voluntary contraction, MVC) and load matched LL exercise without BFR. Lactate levels, muscle activation as well as muscle swelling were recorded during the whole exercise and until 15 min post completion. Additionally, changes in maximal voluntary torque and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored.ResultsDuring exercise, EMG amplitudes (72.5 ± 12.7% vs. 46.3 ± 6.7% of maximal EMG activity), muscle swelling and RPE were significantly higher during LL-BFR compared to LL (p < 0.05). Lactate levels did not show significant group differences during exercise but revealed higher increases 15 min after completion in the LL-BFR condition (LL-BFR: + 69%, LL: + 22%) (p < 0.05). Additionally, MVC torque significantly decreased immediately post exercise only in LL-BFR (~ − 11%) (p < 0.05) but recovered after 15 min.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate that isometric LL-BFR causes increased metabolic, neuromuscular as well as perceptual responses compared to LL alone. These adaptations are similar to dynamic exercise and therefore LL-BFR represents a valuable type of exercise where large joint movements are contraindicated (e.g. rehabilitation after orthopedic injuries).
Identification of genetic determinants of hemolytic activity of Riemerella anatipestifer using random transposon mutagenesis
Authors: Sun Bingqing , Xue Yafei , Du Xiaoli , He Xiaohua , Zou Zuocheng , Tian Xiangqiang , Hu Zhonghao , Liu Haoyang , Islam Nazrul , Hu Qinghai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRiemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry resulting in serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. In our previous study, R. anatipestifer was found to lyse duck erythrocytes in vitro. In the present study, a random Tn4351 mutagenesis library of hemolytic R. anatipestifer strain SX containing 4000 mutants was constructed to investigate the genetic basis of hemolytic activity. Thirty mutants with reduced hemolytic activity and one with increased hemolytic activity were screened and insertions in 24 genes were identified. Of these genes, four were predicted to encode outer membrane proteins, one encoded a cytoplasmic membrane protein, 11 encoded cytoplasmic proteins, and eight encoded proteins with unknown locations. Based on current annotations of the R. anatipestifer genomes, of the 24 genes, 7 (29.17%) were involved in iron utilization. The hemolytic activities of the complemented strains M2 (pRES-Riean_0790) and M18 (pRES-Riean_0653) were restored, indicating that both Riean_0653 and Riean_0790 are involved in the hemolytic activity of strain SX. However, the recombinant proteins rRiean_0317, rRiean_0790, rRiean_0653, rRiean_1027, rRiean_1143, and rRiean_1561 had no hemolytic activity, suggesting that none were hemolysins.
Identification and detection algorithm of electric energy disturbance in microgrid based on wavelet analysis and neural network
Authors: Liu Songjin , Yang Dongsheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the presence of power disturbance, the test accuracy of power is not good, in order to improve the performance of power testing, it is necessary to carry out the power disturbance detection design. A power disturbance detection algorithm based on wavelet analysis and neural network is proposed. The time domain and frequency domain decomposition are used to decompose the characteristic of the power disturbance signal, and the wavelet analysis method is used to improve the adaptive focusing performance of the power disturbance signal. The one-dimensional power disturbance function is mapped to the two-dimensional function of time scale and time shift by continuous wavelet transform, and the higher-order spectral characteristic quantity of the power disturbance signal is extracted, and the extracted characteristic quantity is automatically classified by neural network. The optimal identification and detection of power disturbance are realized. The simulation results show that the algorithm has higher accuracy and higher recognition ability, which improves the accurate probability of power disturbance detection and the anti-disturbance ability of power test.
A fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with Mittag-Leffler kernel
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Murtaza Rashid , Abdeljawad Thabet , Rahman Ghaus ur , Khan Aziz , Khan Hasib , Gulzar Haseena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this article, we study a fractional order HIV/AIDS infection model with ABC-fractional derivative. The model is based on four classes of a population. The study includes the existence and uniqueness of solution, the stability analysis, and simulations. We utilize the fixed point technique for the existence and uniqueness analysis. The stability of the fractional order model is derived with the help of existing literature for the Hyers–Ulam stability. For the numerical computations, the Lagrange interpolation is utilized, and the simulations are obtained for specific parameters. The results are closer to the classical results for different orders.
MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Dong Bing , Li Shiyu , Zhu Shuangli , Yi Ming , Luo Suxia , Wu Kongming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of cancer cells, which contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cancer cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire the chemoresistant ability, which is regarded as an important feature of CSCs. Thus, there emerges an opinion that the generation of CSCs is considered to be driven by EMT. In this complex process, microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to play a key role. In order to overcome the drug resistance, inhibiting EMT as well as CSCs phenotype seem feasible. Thereinto, regulating the EMT- or CSCs-associated miRNAs is a crucial approach. Herein, we conduct this review to elaborate on the complicated interplay between EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance, which is modulated by miRNAs. In addition, we elucidate the therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance through targeting EMT and CSCs.
Offering mental health first aid to a person experiencing psychosis: a Delphi study to redevelop the guidelines published in 2008
Authors: Cottrill Fairlie A. , Bond Kathy S. , Blee Fiona L. , Kelly Claire M. , Kitchener Betty A. , Jorm Anthony F. , Reavley Nicola J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Psychotic illnesses can have a major impact on those who experience them. Timely treatment for psychosis is important and friends, family members and the public can be a facilitating factor in social support and professional help-seeking. Expert consensus guidelines on how to provide mental health first aid to a person experiencing psychosis were developed in 2008. This Delphi study aimed to redevelop the guidelines to reflect current evidence.

Methods
The Delphi consensus method was used to determine which helping strategies should be included in the redeveloped guidelines. A systematic search of grey and academic literature was undertaken to identify strategies on how a member of the public can assist someone experiencing psychosis. These strategies were organised into questionnaire statements. Two expert panels—one comprising people with lived experience (Carers and Consumers) and one of professionals—completed three consecutive rounds of online survey questionnaires to rate the importance of each helping statement for inclusion in the guidelines. Statements were included in the guidelines if they were endorsed by at least 80% of each panel.

Results
The expert panels rated 515 statements across three rounds of surveys, with 325 statements meeting the criteria for inclusion in the redeveloped guidelines. 59 panel participants completed all three surveys.

Conclusions
The redeveloped guidelines outline a general set of strategies for providing initial assistance to a person who is experiencing psychosis. Compared to the original guidelines, these redeveloped guidelines provide more detailed instruction for members of the public on how to provide mental health first aid to assist a person experiencing psychosis. The guidelines are available to the public and will be used to update the Mental Health First Aid courses.
Development of the Sci-math Sensemaking Framework: categorizing sensemaking of mathematical equations in science
Authors: Zhao FangFang , Schuchardt Anita 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScientific ideas are often expressed as mathematical equations. Understanding the ideas contained within these equations requires making sense of both the embedded mathematics knowledge and scientific knowledge. Students who can engage in this type of blended sensemaking are more successful at solving novel or more complex problems with these equations. However, students often tend to rely on algorithmic/procedural approaches and struggle to make sense of the underlying science. This deficit may partly be the fault of instruction that focuses on superficial connections with the science and mathematics knowledge such as defining variables in the equation and demonstrating step-by-step procedures for solving problems. Research into the types of sensemaking of mathematical equations in science contexts is hindered by the absence of a shared framework. Therefore, a review of the literature was completed to identify themes addressing sensemaking of mathematical equations in science. These themes were compiled into nine categories, four in the science sensemaking dimension and five in the mathematics sensemaking dimension. This framework will allow for comparison across studies on the teaching and learning of mathematical equations in science and thus help to advance our understanding of how students engage in sensemaking when solving quantitative problems as well as how instruction influences this sensemaking.
Application of Soil Water Index to landslide prediction in snowy regions: sensitivity analysis in Japan and preliminary results from Tomsk, Russia
Authors: Matsuyama Hiroshi , Saito Hitoshi , Zemtsov Valerii 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoil Water Index (SWI) represents the conceptual water stored in the soil and is calculated using a three-layer tank model with hourly precipitation. In Japan, landslide disasters are likely to occur when SWI in an event exceeds the maximum value of the past 10 years; however, snowmelt-driven landslide disasters have not been considered yet. Using the tank model that simultaneously calculates SWI and runoff, we implemented the snowfall-accumulation-snowmelt processes into the original SWI and applied the modified SWI to meteorological data in Tomsk, Russia, in spring 2010 when severe flood and landslide disasters had occurred. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of hourly precipitation in snowy region in Japan considering that meteorological data in Russia are available every 3 h. When we input the average of the three-hourly accumulated precipitation to calculate SWI, the result was almost identical to that of the observed hourly precipitation being given. We then estimated the hourly temperature by linearly interpolating the data every 3 h, and set the threshold of liquid/solid precipitation. The degree-hour method was employed to calculate the snowmelt. The modified SWI predicted the occurrence of snowmelt-driven landslide disasters in Japan when the calculated SWI exceeded the maximum value in the snowmelt season (March–May) for the past 10 years. When applied to meteorological data in Tomsk, the modified SWI and calculated runoff captured the timing of snowmelt-driven flood and landslide disasters in spring 2010. We demonstrated that by focusing on the maximum value of SWI in the snowmelt season for the past 10 years, we can predict snowmelt-driven landslide disasters.