bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Effect of Low-Rise, Downcast Artificial Lights on Nocturnally Migrating Land Birds
Authors: Cabrera-Cruz Sergio A , Larkin Ronald P , Gimpel Maren E , Gruber James G , Zenzal Theodore J , Buler Jeffrey J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) on tall or upward-pointed lighting installations affects the flight behavior of night-migrating birds. We hypothesized that common low-rise lights pointing downward also affect the movement of nocturnal migrants. We predicted that birds in flight will react close to low-rise lights, and be attracted and grounded near light sources, with a stronger effect on juveniles during their autumn migration. We conducted a controlled longitudinal experiment with light-emitting diode floodlights and considered nearby structures that turn on lights at night. We analyzed 1501 high-resolution 3D nocturnal flight paths of free-flying migrants and diurnally captured 758–2009 birds around experimental lights during spring and autumn 2016, and spring 2017. We identified change points along flight paths where birds turned horizontally or vertically, and we considered these indicative of reactions. Flight paths with and without reactions were generally closer to our experimental site in spring than in autumn when the lights were on. Reactions were up to 40% more likely to occur in autumn than in spring depending on the threshold magnitude of turning angle. Reactions in spring were up to ∼60% more likely to occur at ∼35 m from the lights than at &gt;1.5 km. In autumn, some vertical reactions were ∼40% more likely to occur at ∼50 m from the lights than at &gt;2.2 km. Interactions between distance to lights and visibility or cloud cover were consistent with known effects of ALAN on nocturnal migrants. Under poor visibility, reactions were up to 50% more likely to occur farthest from structures in spring, but up to 60% more likely to occur closest to lights in autumn. Thus, the effects of ALAN on night-migrating land birds are not limited to bright lights pointing upward or lights on tall structures in urban areas. Diurnal capture rates of birds were not different when lights were on or off for either season. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that low-rise lights pointing downward affect night-migrating birds. Although the interpreted reactions constitute subtle modifications in the linearity of flight paths, we discuss future work that could verify whether the protection of nocturnal migrants with lights-out programs would have greater impact if implemented beyond urban areas and include management of low-rise lights.
Stabilization of a class of switched dynamic systems: the Riccati-equation-based Approach
Authors: Bonilla M , Aguillón, N A , Ortiz Castillo M A , Jacques Loiseau Jean , Malabre M , Azhmyakov V , Salazar S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Our paper deals with the stabilization of a class of time-dependent linear autonomous complex systems with a switched structure. The initially given switched dynamic system is assumed to be controlled by a specific state feedback strategy associated with the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) type control. The proposed control design guarantees stabilization of the closed-loop system for all of the possible location transitions. In the solution procedure of the Algebraic Riccati Equation related to the LQR control strategy, only the knowledge of the algebraic structure related to the switched system are needed. We prove that the proposed optimal LQR type state feedback control design stabilizes the closed-loop switched system for every possible active location. The theoretical approach proposed in this paper is finally applied to a model of the Single Wing Quadrotor Aircraft, when changing from its Quadrotor Flight Envelope to its Airplane Flight Envelope.
An HDG method for dissimilar meshes
Authors: Solano Manuel , Terrana Sébastien , Nguyen Ngoc-Cuong , Peraire Jaime 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for dissimilar meshes. The method is devised by formulating HDG discretizations on separate meshes and gluing these HDG discretizations through appropriate transmission conditions that weakly enforce the continuity of the numerical trace and the numerical flux across the dissimilar interfaces. The transmission conditions are based upon transferring the numerical flux from the first mesh to the second mesh and the numerical trace from the second mesh to the first one. The transfer of the numerical trace/flux from one mesh to the other relies on the extrapolation of the approximate flux, and is made to be consistent with the HDG methodology for conforming meshes. Stability of the HDG method is shown and the error analysis of the HDG method is established. Numerical results are presented to validate the theoretical results.
Deep Sequencing to Detect Diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Patients Coinfected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chagas Disease
Authors: Bowman Natalie M , Balasubramanian Sujata , Gilman Robert H , Parobek Christian , Calderon Maritza , Waltmann Andreea , Messenger Louisa A , Sanchez Leny , Bern Caryn , Juliano Jonathan J ,   Working Group on Chagas Disease in Bolivia and Peru, Clark Daniel , Flores Jorge , Colanzi Roni , Choi Jeong , Galdos Gerson , Dorn Mauricio , Gandarilla Omar , Fortuny Enzo , Palumbo Anne , Ferrufino Lisbeth , Pajuelo Monica , Reimer Melissa , Mendoza Guerrero Sandra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, can reactivate and cause severe acute disease in immunocompromised patients such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted amplicon deep sequencing of a 327-bp fragment of the tcscd5 gene using an Ion Torrent PGM directly from clinical samples from HIV patients with high parasitemia. We describe the within-host diversity, both characterizing the discrete typing unit of the infections and confirming the presence of multistrain infections, directly from clinical samples. This method can rapidly provide information on the genetic diversity of T. cruzi infection, which can have direct impacts on clinical disease.
Clinical characteristics and management of olecranon and prepatellar septic bursitis in a multicentre study
Authors: Charret Laurie , Bart Géraldine , Hoppe Emmanuel , Dernis Emmanuelle , Cormier Grégoire , Boutoille David , Le Goff Benoit , Darrieutort-Laffite Christelle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
No current guidelines are available for managing septic bursitis (SB).

Objectives
To describe the clinical characteristics and management of olecranon and prepatellar SB in five French tertiary care centres.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational multicentre study. SB was diagnosed on the basis of positive cultures of bursal aspirate. In the absence of positive bursal fluid, the diagnosis came from typical clinical presentation, exclusion of other causes of bursitis and favourable response to antibiotic therapy.

Results
We included 272 patients (median age of 53 years, 85.3% male and 22.8% with at least one comorbidity). A microorganism was identified in 184 patients (67.6%), from bursal fluids in all but 4. We identified staphylococci in 135 samples (73.4%), streptococci in 35 (19%) and 10 (5.5%) were polymicrobial, while 43/223 bursal samples remained sterile (19.3%). Forty-nine patients (18%) were managed without bursal fluid analysis. Antibiotic treatment was initially administered IV in 41% and this route was preferred in case of fever (P = 0.003) or extensive cellulitis (P = 0.002). Seventy-one (26%) patients were treated surgically. A low failure rate was observed (n = 16/272, 5.9%) and failures were more frequent when the antibiotic therapy lasted &lt;14 days (P = 0.02) in both surgically and medically treated patients.

Conclusions
Despite variable treatments, SB resolved in the majority of cases even when the treatment was exclusively medical. The success rate was equivalent in the non-surgical and the surgical management groups. However, a treatment duration of &lt;14 days may require special attention in both groups.
Salicylic Acid Induced Resistance in Drought-Stressed Pistachio Seedlings Influences Physiological Performance of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
Authors: Reyhani Haghighi Sajjad , Hosseininaveh Vahid , Talebi Khalil , Maali-Amiri Reza , Stelinski Lukasz L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Induced host plant resistance is a potential approach to insect and disease management. Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signal molecule to induce resistance in plants against sap-sucking insects. The effects of salicylic acid-induced resistance against common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer, were investigated in well-watered and drought-stressed pistachio, Pistacia vera L. cv. Akbari, seedlings. Agonoscena pistaciae exhibited a significant preference for plants treated with SA as compared with untreated controls or those subjected to drought stress. Plants subjected to both drought stress and SA treatment were equivalently colonized as compared with control plants but were more attractive than those subjected to drought stress alone. Psyllid mortality increased on plants subjected to simultaneous drought stress and SA treatment as compared with controls. Salicylic acid treatment mediated production of defensive enzymes in plants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as that of other metabolites such as phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, free amino acids, and pigments via phenylpropanoid pathways under conditions of drought. Despite increases in activity of detoxification (glutathione S transferase, carboxylesterase) and antioxidative (SOD, CAT, APX, phenoloxidase, GPX) enzymes in psyllids, reduced survival of A. pistaciae on drought stressed and SA-treated plants was likely caused by excessive H2O2 and high phenolic content in treated plants. Based on our results, we postulate that salicylic acid-induced defense against A. pistaciae under drought conditions could be manipulated to enhance antibiosis against this key pest in pistachio orchards.
Investor–State Mediation and the Belt and Road Initiative: Examining the Conditions for Settlement
Authors: McLaughlin Mark 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Despite the dominance of arbitration in the realm of investor-state disputes, the variety of proposals for reform suggest considerable stakeholder discontent with the current framework. One suggested reform is the introduction of investor–state mediation, which has been supported by the conclusion of the Singapore Convention on Mediation and the proposal by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) of a set of mediation rules. This article examines the respective merits of arbitration and mediation to settle investment disputes related to the Belt and Road Initiative. Many of the principles underpinning the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative sit uncomfortably alongside an adversarial adjudicative mechanism, and access to arbitration is limited in some investment treaties. It is argued that, in some instances, mediation may be more attuned to the unique conditions of the Belt and Road Initiative. Stakeholders have done considerable work to enhance the legitimacy of mediation within the field of investor–state dispute settlement, but it remains dormant in practice and comparatively rare within investment treaties. While a mediated settlement will remain elusive in many instances, it can be encouraged by a series of reforms to treaty drafting, the internal organization of government departments, and the actions of foreign investors.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast mimics breast cancer presentation treated surgically: a case report and literature review
Authors: Alwagdani Nawaf M , Alnefaie Sahar M , Kurshid Arif , Kewan Hanady 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is considered a benign lesion with increased malignant potential. ADH represents ~3% of total benign breast biopsy results. A 60-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer presented with multiple painless lumps in the right breast and palpable right axillary lymph nodes. Ultrasonography and mammography showed typical features of breast cancer. However, core needle biopsy revealed ADH without infiltrating malignancy. Based on a multidisciplinary decision, a right simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy was chosen as the best treatment plan. The postoperative histopathology report showed the spread of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in all quadrants without any evidence of invasive cancer. It is challenging to obtain an accurate diagnosis of clinically palpable and multicentric ADH or DCIS based on preoperative radiological and histological evaluation, especially when dissonance between these two evaluation modalities exists.
Convection and rotation boosted prescription of magnetic braking: application to the formation of extremely low-mass white dwarfs
Authors: Soethe L T T , Kepler S O 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Extremely low-mass white dwarfs (ELM WDs) are the result of binary evolution in which a low-mass donor star is stripped by its companion leaving behind a helium-core white dwarf (WD). We explore the formation of ELM WDs in binary systems considering the Convection And Rotation Boosted magnetic braking treatment. Our evolutionary sequences were calculated using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code, with initial masses of 1.0 and 1.2 M⊙ (donor), and 1.4 (accretor), compatible with low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems. We obtain ELM models in the range 0.15–0.27 M⊙ from a broad range of initial orbital periods, 1–25 d. The bifurcation period, where the initial period is equal to the final period, ranges from 20 to 25 d. In addition to LMXBs, we show that ultracompact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) and wide-orbit binary millisecond pulsars can also be formed. The relation between mass and orbital period obtained is compatible with the observational data from He WD companions to pulsars.
Massive protocluster of a periodic maser source G188.95+0.89
Authors: Mutie M M , Chibueze J O , El Bouchefry K , MacLeod G C , Morgan J , Baki P 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
We report the results of ongoing monitoring of the 6.7 GHz CH3OH masers associated with G188.95+0.89. In these observations, five features are periodically varying and at least two exhibit evidence of velocity drifts. It is not clear the cause of these velocity drifts. The spectra have varied significantly since detection in 1991. The 11.45 km s−1 feature has decreased exponentially from 2003. Complementary ALMA 1.3-mm continuum and line observational results are also presented. Eight continuum cores (MM1–MM8) were detected in G188.95+0.89. We derived the masses of the detected cores. G188.95+0.89 MM2 was resolved into two continuum cores (separated by 0.1 arcsec) in ALMA band 7 observations. Also, CH3OH (4(2, 2)-3(1, 2)) thermal emission associated with MM2 is double peaked. We propose the presence of multiple (at least binary) young stellar objects in MM2. SiO emission exhibits a bow-shock morphology in MM2 while strong emission of 12CO at the east and west of MM2 suggests the presence of an east–west bipolar outflow.
Giant star-forming complexes in high-z main-sequence galaxy analogues: the internal structure of clumps in DYNAMO galaxies
Authors: Lenkić Laura , Bolatto Alberto D , Fisher Deanne B , Glazebrook Karl , Obreschkow Danail , Abraham Roberto , Ambachew Liyualem 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
To indirectly study the internal structure of giant clumps in main sequence galaxies at z ∼ 1–3, we target very turbulent and gas-rich local analogues from the DYNAMO sample with the Hubble Space Telescope, over a wavelength range of ∼200–480 nm. We present a catalogue of 58 clumps identified in six DYNAMO galaxies, including the WFC3/UVIS F225W, F336W, and F467M photometry where the (225–336) and (336–467) colours are sensitive to extinction and stellar population age, respectively. We measure the internal colour gradients of clumps themselves to study their age and extinction properties. We find a marked colour trend within individual clumps, where the resolved colour distributions show that clumps generally have bluer (336–467) colours (denoting very young ages) in their centres than at their edges, with little variation in the (225–336) colour associated with extinction. Furthermore, we find that clumps whose colours suggest they are older, are preferentially located closer towards the centres of their galaxies, and we find no young clumps at small galactocentric distances. Both results are consistent with simulations of high-redshift star-forming systems that show clumps form via violent disc instability, and through dynamic processes migrate to the centres of their galaxies to contribute to bulge growth on time-scales of a few 100 Myr, while continually forming stars in their centres. When we compare the DYNAMO clumps to those in these simulations, we find the best agreement with the long-lived clumps.
The physical origins and dominant emission mechanisms of Lyman alpha haloes: results from the TNG50 simulation in comparison to MUSE observations
Authors: Byrohl Chris , Nelson Dylan , Behrens Christoph , Kostyuk Ivan , Glatzle Martin , Pillepich Annalisa , Hernquist Lars , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Extended Lyman alpha emission is now commonly detected around high-redshift galaxies through stacking and even on individual basis. Despite recent observational advances, the physical origin of these Lyman alpha haloes (LAHs), as well as their relationships to galaxies, quasars, circumgalactic gas, and other environmental factors remains unclear. We present results from our new Lyman alpha full radiative transfer code voroiltis which runs directly on the unstructured Voronoi tessellation of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We make use of the TNG50 simulation and simulate LAHs from redshift z = 2 to z = 5, focusing on star-forming galaxies with $8.0 \lt \log _{10}{(M_\star /\rm {M}_\odot)} \lt 10.5$. While TNG50 does not directly follow ionizing radiation, it includes an on-the-fly treatment for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and ultraviolet background radiation with self-shielding, which are important processes impacting the cooling and ionization of the gas. Based on this model, we present the predictions for the stacked radial surface brightness profiles of Ly α as a function of galaxy mass and redshift. Comparison with data from the MUSE UDF at z &gt; 3 reveals a promising level of agreement. We measure the correlations of LAH size and central brightness with galaxy properties, finding that at the masses of $8.5 \le \log _{10} \left(M_\star /\rm {M}_\odot \right) \le 9.5$, physical LAH sizes roughly double from z = 2 to z = 5. Finally, we decompose the profiles into contributions from diffuse emission and scattered photons from star-forming regions. In our simulations, we find rescattered photons from star-forming regions to be the major source in observed LAHs. Unexpectedly, we find that the flattening of LAH profiles at large radii becomes dominated by photons originating from other nearby haloes rather than diffuse emission itself.
Global Genetic Heterogeneity in Adaptive Traits
Authors: Lopez-Arboleda William Andres , Reinert Stephan , Nordborg Magnus , Korte Arthur 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits is a major objective in biology. The standard approach for doing so is genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which aim to identify genetic polymorphisms responsible for variation in traits of interest. In human genetics, consistency across studies is commonly used as an indicator of reliability. However, if traits are involved in adaptation to the local environment, we do not necessarily expect reproducibility. On the contrary, results may depend on where you sample, and sampling across a wide range of environments may decrease the power of GWAS because of increased genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we examine how sampling affects GWAS in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that traits like flowering time are indeed influenced by distinct genetic effects in local populations. Furthermore, using gene expression as a molecular phenotype, we show that some genes are globally affected by shared variants, whereas others are affected by variants specific to subpopulations. Remarkably, the former are essentially all cis-regulated, whereas the latter are predominately affected by trans-acting variants. Our result illustrate that conclusions about genetic architecture can be extremely sensitive to sampling and population structure.
PseudoGA: cell pseudotime reconstruction based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Mondal Pronoy Kanti , Saha Udit Surya , Mukhopadhyay Indranil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dynamic regulation of gene expression is often governed by progression through transient cell states. Bulk RNA-seq analysis can only detect average change in expression levels and is unable to identify this dynamics. Single cell RNA-seq presents an unprecedented opportunity that helps in placing the cells on a hypothetical time trajectory that reflects gradual transition of their transcriptomes. This continuum trajectory or ‘pseudotime’, may reveal the developmental pathway and provide us with information on dynamic transcriptomic changes and other biological processes. Existing approaches to build pseudotime heavily depend on reducing huge dimension to extremely low dimensional subspaces and may lead to loss of information. We propose PseudoGA, a genetic algorithm based approach to order cells assuming that gene expressions vary according to a smooth curve along the pseudotime trajectory. We observe superior accuracy of our method in simulated as well as benchmarking real datasets. Generality of the assumption behind PseudoGA and no dependence on dimensionality reduction technique make it a robust choice for pseudotime estimation from single cell transcriptome data. PseudoGA is also time efficient when applied to a large single cell RNA-seq data and adaptable to parallel computing. R code for PseudoGA is freely available at https://github.com/indranillab/pseudoga.
Washington Committee for Neurological Surgery: The Evolution of Neurosurgery's Involvement in Public Policy
Authors: Stroink Ann R , Orrico Katie O , Bean James R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Washington Committee was formed in 1975 to establish a means for neurosurgery to influence federal health care policy. In response to growing federal health care legislation and regulation, the Washington Committee expanded from its original six members in 1975 to 35 invited liaisons and members by 2020. The Washington Committee, through the Washington Office, expanded political lobbying capacity into numerous important areas of health care policy, including Current Procedural Terminology coding and Medicare reimbursement, Federal Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, healthcare quality oversight, emergenc medical services, treatment guidelines, treatment outcome registries, medical liability reform, research funding, and information dissemination. Over 45 yr, the Washington Committee has become an indispensable resource for shaping public policy affecting neurosurgery training, research, and practice.