bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fatigue Crack Growth Model for Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels In a Pressurized Water Reactor Environment
Authors: Barron Kathleen C. , Paraventi Denise J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI utilizes reference fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) curves for flaw evaluations. Code Case N-809 describes a reference curve currently used in flaw evaluations of austenitic stainless steels exposed to a pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment in accordance with ASME, Section XI. Recently, an extensive database of Type 304, Type 304L, and Type 304/304L dual-certified stainless steels and the corresponding weld metal in PWR environments was assessed and an updated FCGR model generated. This database includes previously unreported FCGR data in 100°C PWR environments at an R-ratio of 0.7 and a rise time of either 51 sec or 510 sec. The results of this lower temperature testing are reported here and do not support the non-Arrhenius temperature relation in Code Case N-809, which predicts an increase in FCGRs with decreasing temperature below a temperature of 150°C. The updated model more accurately describes the FCGR behavior in the near-threshold, low ΔK regime. Additionally, the updated model eliminates the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the Code Case N-809 reference curves for temperatures below 150°C and replaces it with a single Arrhenius temperature dependence between 100°C and 338°C. Similar to the Code Case N-809 reference curve, this model does not describe the severely retarded FCGR behavior that has been observed to occur for austenitic stainless steel under certain conditions, nor does it attempt to predict the conditions under which severe retardation is likely to occur.
Phase II multicentre, double-blind, randomised trial of ustekinumab in adolescents with new-onset type 1 diabetes (USTEK1D): trial protocol
Authors: Gregory John W , Carter Kymberley , Cheung Wai Yee , Holland Gail , Bowen-Morris Jane , Luzio Stephen , Dunseath Gareth , Tree Timothy , Yang Jennie Hsiu Mien , Marwaha Ashish , Ali Mohammad Alhadj , Bashir Nadim , Hutchings Hayley Anne , Fegan Greg W , Stenson Rachel , Hiles Stephen , Marques-Jones Susie , Brown Amy , Tatovic Danijela , Dayan Colin 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionMost individuals newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have 10%–20% of beta-cell function remaining at the time of diagnosis. Preservation of residual beta-cell function at diagnosis may improve glycaemic control and reduce longer-term complications.Immunotherapy has the potential to preserve endogenous beta-cell function and thereby improve metabolic control even in poorly compliant individuals. We propose to test ustekinumab (STELARA), a targeted and well-tolerated therapy that may halt T-cell and cytokine-mediated destruction of beta-cells in the pancreas at the time of diagnosis.Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind phase II study to assess the safety and efficacy of ustekinumab in 72 children and adolescents aged 12–18 with new-onset T1D.Participants should have evidence of residual functioning beta-cells (serum C-peptide level >0.2nmol/L in the mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) and be positive for at least one islet autoantibody (GAD, IA-2, ZnT8) to be eligible.Participants will be given ustekinumab/placebo subcutaneously at weeks 0, 4 and 12, 20, 28, 36 and 44 in a dose depending on the body weight and will be followed for 12 months after dose 1.MMTTs will be used to measure the efficacy of ustekinumab for preserving C-peptide area under the curve at week 52 compared with placebo. Secondary objectives include further investigations into the efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, patient and parent questionnaires, alternative methods for measuring insulin production and exploratory mechanistic work.Ethics and disseminationThis trial received research ethics approval from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 3 in September 2018 and began recruiting in December 2018.The results will be disseminated using highly accessed, peer-reviewed medical journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN14274380.
Association of changes in lifestyle with changes in sleep difficulties: an analysis of 38 400 participants over a 16-year follow-up
Authors: Saltychev Mikhail , Juhola Juhani , Ervasti Jenni , Kivimäki Mika , Pentti Jaana , Myllyntausta Saana , Vahtera Jussi 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between changes in lifestyle risk factors and changes is sleep difficulties.DesignLongitudinal repeated measures cohort study.SettingUniversity and national institute of occupational health.ParticipantsParticipants of the Finnish Public Sector study with information on sleep and lifestyle-related risk factors collected in five repeat surveys with 4‐year intervals from 2000 to 2017. The participants were those, who had responded at least twice and had a change in sleep difficulties (having sleep difficulties vs not) (142 969 observations from 38 400 respondents (mean age 45.5 (SD 9.2) years, 83% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresChanges in sleep quality over time. Longitudinal fixed effects analysis, a method that accounts for time-invariant confounders by design, was used.ResultsAt first available response, sleep difficulties were experienced by 13 998 (36%) of the respondents. Respectively, the mean age was 44.3 (10.0) years, 7526 (20%) were obese, 13 487 (35%) reported low physical activity, 3338 (9%) extensively drinking and 6547 (17%) were smoking. Except for smoking, the changes in the studied modifiable risks were associated with changes in sleep difficulties. The ORs for having sleep difficulties were 1.41 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.48) for obesity, 1.10 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.13) for low physical activity and 1.43 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.51) for heavy drinking. For smoking, the association was negative with OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.86). Including all four modifiable risks into model changed the estimates only little.ConclusionsThe results of this longitudinal study suggest that changes in sleep quality are interconnected with changes in lifestyle.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers of a teaching hospital in a highly endemic region in the Netherlands after the first wave: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bouwman Maud , van Osch Frits , Crijns Francy , Trienekens Thera , Mehagnoul-Schipper Jannet , van den Bergh Joop P , de Vries Janneke 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo study the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among hospital healthcare workers after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide more knowledge in the understanding of the relationship between infection, symptomatology and source of infection.DesignA cross-sectional study in healthcare workers.SettingNorthern Limburg, the Netherlands.ParticipantsAll employees of VieCuri Medical Center (n=3300) were invited to enrol in current study. In total 2507 healthcare workers participated.InterventionBetween 22 June 2020 and 3 July 2020, participants provided venous blood samples voluntarily, which were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with the Wantai SARS-CoV-2 Ig total ELISA test. Work characteristics, exposure risks and prior symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were gathered through a survey.Main outcome measureProportion of healthcare workers with positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence was 21.1% (n=530/2507). Healthcare workers between 17 and 30 years were more likely to have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with participants >30 years. The probability of having SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was comparable for healthcare workers with and without direct patient (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.34) and COVID-19 patient contact (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.80 to 3.33). On the contrary, exposure to COVID-19 positive coworkers (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.93) and household members (OR 6.09, 95% CI 2.23 to 16.64) was associated with seropositivity. Of those healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 16% (n=85/530) had not experienced any prior COVID-19-related symptoms. Only fever and anosmia were associated with seropositivity (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.55 and OR 10.51, 95% CI 7.86 to 14.07).ConclusionsHealthcare workers caring for hospitalised COVID-19 patients were not at an increased risk of infection, most likely as a result of taking standard infection control measures into consideration. These data show that compliance with infection control measures is essential to control secondary transmission and constrain the spread of the virus.
Two-field non-mydriatic fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy screening: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Dongjing , Dou Xiaoyan , Chen Jiao , Lu Ying , Ye Baikang , Wu Xiaojun , Wu Zijing , Li Qi , Tian Xiaohe , Zhou Bo , Deng Ying , Li Wei , Hu Xinglin , Mou Lisha , Pu Zuhui 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Guidelines for DR screening in different countries vary greatly, including fundus photography, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), OCT-A and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA). Two-field non-mydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) is an effective screening method due to its low cost and less time-consuming process. However, it is controversial due to the sensitivity and specificity of two-field NMFP. This review intends to evaluate the performance of the two-field NMFP in diagnosing DR and helps clinicians determine the most optimal screening method.Methods and analysisTwo reviewers will independently search on the Medline, Embase, Cochrane databases, ProQuest, Opengrey, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, ISRCTN, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO ICTRP to identify relevant studies. There is no restriction posed on the language of the study. Included studies focus on the performance of two-field NMFP in detecting DR in diabetes patients. Analysis and evaluation of the studies will be examined by two reviewers independently using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and later evaluated using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design criteria. A random-effect model will calculate the diagnostic indicators, including the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic OR, area under the curve and 95% CIs. We will also develop a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. We anticipate analysing subgroups according to the factors, which may lead to heterogeneity, including DR levels of patients, the reference standards, camera models, the interpretation criteria. The data will be analysed by STATA software. This study was registered with PROSPERO.Ethics and disseminationThis review will analyse the published data. Patients/the public were not involved in this research. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020203608.
Relationship between serum uric acid, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Xue Xue , Lu Chun-Li , Jin Xin-Yan , Liu Xue-Han , Yang Min , Wang Xiao-Qin , Cheng Hong , Yuan Jun , Liu Qiang , Zheng Ruo-Xiang , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian-Ping 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo analyse the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA), all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to inform clinical practice and future research.DesignA systematic review of observational studies.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and Wan Fang databases were searched from their inception to January 2021 for cohort and case–control studies reporting SUA and mortality in patients with PD.MethodsThe Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to appraise quality of cohort and case–control studies. Effect estimates were presented as HRs with 95% CIs in a meta-analysis using STATA V.16.0. Data not suitable for pooling were synthesised qualitatively.ResultsFourteen cohort studies with 24 022 patients were included. No case–control studies were identified. For prospective cohort studies, pooled results for the highest SUA category were significantly greater than the lowest for all-cause (one study; 1278participants; HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.75) and CV mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 2.63; 1.62–4.27). An increase of 1 mg/dL in SUA level was associated with a 16% increased risk of all-cause mortality (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.16; 1.03–1.32) and 34% increased CV mortality risk (one study; 1278 participants; HR 1.34; 1.16–1.55). For retrospective cohort studies, the highest SUA category did not demonstrate an elevated all-cause (five studies; 4570 participants; HR 1.09; 0.70–1.70) or CV mortality (three studies; 3748 participants; HR 1.00; 0.44–2.31) compared with the lowest SUA category. Additionally, there was no increase in all-cause (eight studies; 11 541 participants; HR 0.94; 0.88–1.02) or CV mortality (three studies; 7427 participants; HR 0.90; 0.76–1.06) for every 1 mg/dL increase in SUA level.ConclusionsResults of prospective and retrospective cohort studies were inconsistent. Consequently, prospective, multicentre, long-term follow-up studies are required to confirm the relationship between SUA and mortality in patients with PD.
Healthcare resource utilisation and costs associated with a heart failure diagnosis: a retrospective, population-based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Boman Kurt , Lindmark Krister , Stålhammar Jan , Olofsson Mona , Costa-Scharplatz Madlaina , Fonseca Ana Filipa , Johansson Stina , Heller Vincent , Törnblom Michael , Wikström Gerhard 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo examine healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs among heart failure (HF) patients using population data from Sweden.DesignRetrospective, non-interventional cohort study.SettingTwo cohorts were identified from linked national health registers (cohort 1, 2005–2014) and electronic medical records (cohort 2, 2010–2012; primary/secondary care patients from Uppsala and Västerbotten).ParticipantsPatients (aged ≥18 years) with primary or secondary diagnoses of HF (≥2 International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision classification) during the identification period of January 2005 to March 2015 were included.Outcome measuresHRU across the HF phenotypes was assessed with logistic regression. Costs were estimated based on diagnosis-related group codes and general price lists.ResultsTotal annual costs of secondary care of prevalent HF increased from SEK 6.23 (€0.60) to 8.86 (€0.85) billion between 2005 and 2014. Of 4648 incident patients, HF phenotype was known for 1715: reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): 64.5%, preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): 35.5%. Within 1 year of HF diagnosis, the proportion of patients hospitalised was only marginally higher for HFrEF versus HFpEF (all-cause (95% CI): 64.7% (60.8 to 68.4) vs 63.7% (60.8 to 66.5), HR 0.91, p=0.14; cardiovascular disease related (95% CI): 61.1% (57.1 to 64.8) vs 60.9% (58.0 to 63.7), HR 0.93, p=0.28). Frequency of hospitalisations and outpatient visits per patient declined after the first year. All-cause secondary care costs in the first year were SEK 122 758 (€12 890)/patient/year, with HF-specific care accounting for 69% of the costs. Overall, 10% of the most expensive population (younger; predominantly male; more likely to have comorbidities) incurred ~40% of total secondary care costs.ConclusionsHF-associated costs and HRU are high, especially during the first year of diagnosis. This is driven by high hospitalisations rates. Understanding the profile of resource-intensive patients being at younger age, male sex and high Charlson comorbidity index scores at the time of the HF diagnosis is most likely a sign of more severe disease.
Vertical transmission and clinical outcome of the neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers: a tertiary care hospital-based observational study
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Fadila  , Prasad Arun , Akhtar Ambrin , Chaudhary Bhabesh Kant , Tiwari Lokesh Kumar , Chaudhry Neha 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundNeonatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from positive mothers to their babies has been a real concern, opening the arena of research in this area.ObjectiveTo detect the possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19-positive mothers to their neonates and the clinicopathological outcome in them.DesignA single-centre, prospective, observational study involving 47 COVID-19-positive mothers and their neonates.SettingA tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.ParticipantsNeonates born to SARS-CoV-2-infected mothers.Main outcome measuresWe investigated the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) done twice (on admission and after 24 hours of admission) in neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, who tested RT-PCR positive for this virus in their nasopharyngeal swab. Clinical outcome was also assessed in these neonates during their hospital stay.ResultsOut of 47 neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers, four were SARS-CoV-2 positive by RT-PCR. All the neonates in our study were discharged home in stable condition after management of acute complications. None of them required readmission.ConclusionVertical transmission occurs in neonates born to COVID-19-positive mothers; however, the risk is small. Majority of the neonates remain asymptomatic with good clinical outcome.
Naval Party 1036: Its role in the Gulf Conflict
Authors: Adley R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the escalation of the Gulf Conflict in December 1990, there was a greater requirement for medics to support the land forces. In war, BMH Hannover becomes 32 Field Hospital RAMC, a 200 bed third line medical facility. This account describes the contribution made by Naval Party 1036 when it augmented 32 Field Hospital in Saudi Arabia in early 1991 during Operation Granby.
Cardiac diseases of young people. I: Longterm management of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Fitchet A. , Cowley M. L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen symptoms occur in the presence of ventricular pre-excitation careful consideration should be given to the patient’s long term management. Bypass tract radiofrequency ablation may be offered as a potential cure for patients with intractable symptoms or in those at high risk of life threatening arrhythmias. In certain cases, ablation may be justified even when symptoms are minor and there are no adverse prognostic factors. Options for treatment are discussed and illustrated by two cases.
Care of World War II convoy casualties in the Kola area of North Russia. Part 2 – The Royal Naval Auxiliary Hospital, Vaenga
Authors: G H G McMillan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Royal Naval Auxiliary Hospital at Vaenga, North Russia was operational from October 1942 to July 1945. Care and treatment were provided to 752 male and one female in-patients from Arctic convoy merchant ships and their escorts and Allied personnel who became sick or injured while in the Kola area. One hundred and forty nine of the men were casualties of enemy action. An account is given of the hospital’s structure, staff, organisation and work.
Defining adverse events during trauma resuscitation: a modified RAND Delphi study
Authors: Nolan Brodie , Petrosoniak Andrew , Hicks Christopher M , Cripps Michael W , Dumas Ryan P 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe majority of preventable adverse event (AEs) in trauma care occur during the initial phase of resuscitation, often within the trauma bay. However, there is significant heterogeneity in reporting these AEs that limits performance comparisons between hospitals and trauma systems. The objective of this study was to create a taxonomy of AEs that occur during trauma resuscitation and a corresponding classification system to assign a degree of harm.MethodsThis study used a modified RAND Delphi methodology to establish a taxonomy of AEs in trauma and a degree of harm classification system. A systematic review informed the preliminary list of AEs. An interdisciplinary panel of 22 trauma experts rated these AEs through two rounds of online surveys and a final consensus meeting. Consensus was defined as 80% for each AE and the final checklist.ResultsThe Delphi panel consisted of 22 multidisciplinary trauma experts. A list of 57 evidence-informed AEs was revised and expanded during the modified Delphi process into a finalized list of 67 AEs. Each AE was classified based on degree of harm on a scale from I (no harm) to V (death).DiscussionThis study developed a taxonomy of 67 AEs that occur during the initial phases of a trauma resuscitation with a corresponding degree of harm classification. This taxonomy serves to support a standardized evaluation of trauma care between centers and regions.Level of evidenceLevel 5.
Morphological differences in skulls and feeding apparatuses between Antarctic (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and common (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) minke whales, and the implication for their feeding ecology
Authors: Nishimura F. , Kim Y. , Bando T. , Fujise Y. , Nakamura G. , Murase H. , Kato H. 
Published: October 2021

The differences in rorqual feeding ecology have been linked to the presence of different morphological markers. The Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867) and the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804) are closely related species, but their morphological differences have not been fully investigated. In this study, we compared 21 skull and 11 feeding apparatus (baleen and mouth-related parts) measurement points between these two species using hundreds of individuals covering a wide range of body lengths in both sexes. Their engulfment capacities were estimated using these measurements. Our results show that Antarctic minke whales have (i) proportionally larger skulls to the body length, (ii) more dorsoventrally and laterally curved rostra, (iii) proportionally larger feeding apparatuses to the condylobasal length, and (iv) significantly larger engulfment capacity than common minke whales. These differences could indicate that Antarctic minke whales have developed a feeding strategy suitable for feeding on krill, which forms large schools. In contrast, common minke whales have adapted to prey on small pelagic fishes that are agile and form small schools.
Label dependent lambda calculus and gradual typing
Authors: Fu Weili , Krause Fabian , Thiemann Peter 
Published: October 2021

Dependently-typed programming languages are gaining importance, because they can guarantee a wide range of properties at compile time. Their use in practice is often hampered because programmers have to provide very precise types. Gradual typing is a means to vary the level of typing precision between program fragments and to transition smoothly towards more precisely typed programs. The combination of gradual typing and dependent types seems promising to promote the widespread use of dependent types.
We investigate a gradual version of a minimalist value-dependent lambda calculus. Compile-time calculations and thus dependencies are restricted to labels, drawn from a generic enumeration type. The calculus supports the usual Pi and Sigma types as well as singleton types and subtyping. It is sufficiently powerful to provide flexible encodings of variant and record types with first-class labels.
We provide type checking algorithms for the underlying label-dependent lambda calculus and its gradual extension. The gradual type checker drives the translation into a cast calculus, which extends the original language. The cast calculus comes with several innovations: refined typing for casts in the presence of singletons, type reduction in casts, and fully dependent Sigma types. Besides standard metatheoretical results, we establish the gradual guarantee for the gradual language.