bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐finesse nanoscale displacement sensor based on fiber optic polymer probe
Authors: Zhang Fuzheng , Lin Qijing , Zhao Na 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs an important branch in the field of precision measurement, optical fiber micro‐displacement measurement plays an increasingly important role in the fields of precision machining, bioengineering, and so forth. In this paper, an optical fiber probe with high coupling efficiency is prepared based on photopolymerization, and on the basis of this structure, a new type of nanoscale displacement sensor is designed and implemented. The sensitivity and linear fitting coefficient of the designed sensor are 0.00289 dBm/nm and 98.8% in the range of 0–1000 nm, respectively. The proposed sensor is highly stable and persistent, has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure, low cost of production, and easy operation, which has major advantages in the application of precision displacement sensing field.
Self‐sustainable wireless sensor network for low‐temperature application
Authors: Cho Young Seek , Choi Kyungjoon , Kwon Jaerock 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile environmental monitoring system is an exemplary application for wireless sensor network (WSN), its energy‐constraint still remains unresolved issue and needs to be addressed. In this work, a self‐sustainable WSN is proposed for low‐temperature application. To resolve the energy‐constraint issue, a wireless power transfer (WPT) technique, called conformal strongly coupled magnetic resonant (CSCMR) technique, is adopted. At 90 MHz, the RF power transmission efficiency is 84% with 60 mm distance between transmitting and receiving resonators. For the 90 MHz RF power, the rectifier efficiency for the RF to DC power conversion is 69% and 76 at 25°C and −20°C, respectively. For an energy storage unit, a supercapacitor is chosen for the low‐temperature application. With the excellent temperature characteristic of the supercapacitor, the effectiveness of the supercapacitor is verified as the energy storage unit operating at −20°C. It is shown that the WSN proposed in this work can operate in perpetuity as long as the circuit components in the WSN do not have any defects.
Research note: Bridging the gaps between the theory and practice of nonprofit operating reserves
Authors: Kim Mirae , Mason Dyana P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the last decade, scholars and practitioners have advocated for nonprofits to develop operating reserves to help them survive economic shocks, but questions about what can be considered financial reserves remain. To understand what it takes to build reserves, most previous studies used Liquid Unrestricted Net Assets (LUNA) calculated from organizations' Form 990 tax returns as the measure of reserves. Practitioners, however, seem to conceptualize reserves differently. Drawing from an original survey of arts and culture nonprofits as well as human services nonprofits administered during the early days of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we compared self‐reported measures of reserves to those based on academic definitions. We then explored if the factors found to estimate the size of nonprofit financial reserves in previous studies would predict the level of reserves that practitioners consider. Whether using the book value of reserves (i.e., LUNA) or the way practitioners think about reserves, we generally reached the same conclusions regarding the factors associated with reserve levels. These findings increase the reliability of studies that use LUNA despite the differences between “book” measures of reserves and how leaders consider their rainy‐day funds.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of yolk sac tumor: Lessons from a clinical trial
Authors: Yang Adeline , Patterson Alison , Pavlock Tara , Chen Kenneth S. , Gagan Jeffrey , Hatley Mark E. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Amatruda James F. , Laetsch Theodore W. , Rakheja Dinesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThough outcomes for patients with recurrent/refractory malignant germ cell tumors (mGCTs) are poor, therapies targeting mTOR and EGFR inhibition have shown promise in vitro. We hypothesized that the combination of sirolimus and erlotinib will show activity in patients with recurrent/refractory mGCTs. Patients were enrolled in a prospective phase II clinical trial; central review of existing pathology specimens was performed. Of the five patients evaluated, two had their diagnoses revised to pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)‐secreting gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively. Although mGCTs are common AFP‐secreting neoplasms, recurrence or refractoriness to standard regimens should prompt histologic reevaluation for other diagnoses.
Volumetric de‐escalation and improved acute toxicity with proton craniospinal irradiation using a vertebral body‐sparing technique
Authors: Chou Brian , Hopper Austin , Elster Jennifer , Crawford John R. , McConnell Kristen , Chang Andrew , Mundt Arno J. , MacEwan Iain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeIn growing children, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) has historically treated the entire vertebral body (VB) to avoid potential long‐term spinal abnormalities. Vertebral body‐sparing proton craniospinal irradiation (VBSpCSI) is a technique that spares the majority of the VB from significant irradiation, and long‐term safety outcomes have been reported previously. This retrospective study reviews the acute toxicity profile of children treated with VBSpCSI in a cohort comparison with photon‐based craniospinal radiotherapy (3DCRT).MethodsThirty‐eight pediatric CSI patients treated between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated for treatment‐related toxicity. Acute toxicity outcomes and acute hematologic profiles were compared according to treatment modality, either VBSpCSI or 3DCRT. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test for toxicity.ResultsTwenty‐five patients received VBSpCSI and 13 patients received photon CSI. Mean patient age at treatment was 7.5 years (range 2–16). The cohorts were well matched with respect to gender, age, and CSI dose. Patients receiving VBSpCSI had lower rates of grade 2+ gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (24% vs. 76.5%, p = .005), grade 2+ nausea (24% vs. 61.5%, p = .035), and any‐grade esophagitis (0% vs. 38%, p = .0026). Patients treated with VBSpCSI had lower red blood cell transfusion rates (21.7% vs. 60%, p = .049) and grade 4+ lymphopenia (33.3% vs. 77.8%, p = .046).ConclusionsVBSpCSI in children is a volumetric de‐escalation from traditional volumes, which irradiate the entire VB to full or intermediate doses. In our study, VBSpCSI was associated with lower rates of acute GI and hematologic toxicities. Long‐term growth outcomes and disease control outcomes are needed for this technique.
Dasatinib does not exacerbate dexamethasone‐induced osteonecrosis in murine models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Janke Laura J. , Li Lie , Payton Monique A. , Jenkins David A. , Crews Kristine R. , Relling Mary V. , Karol Seth E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere are clinical reports that the incorporation of dasatinib may increase the frequency of osteonecrosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment regimens. No rigorous testing of this hypothesis is available to guide clinicians.MethodsWe tested whether oral dasatinib increased the frequency of dexamethasone‐induced osteonecrosis in a murine model and tested its effects on dexamethasone's antileukemic efficacy in a murine BCR‐ABL+ model of ALL.ResultsDasatinib did not change the frequency of osteonecrosis (p = .99) nor of arteriopathy (p = .36) in dexamethasone‐treated mice when given at dosages that achieved clinically relevant steady‐state dasatinib plasma concentrations of 53.1 ng/ml (95% CI: 43.5–57.3 ng/ml). These dasatinib exposures were not associated with increased dexamethasone plasma exposure in nonleukemia‐bearing mice. These same dosages were not associated with any decrement in antileukemic efficacy of dexamethasone in a responsive BCR‐ABL+ model of ALL.ConclusionsBased on the results of our preclinical murine studies, we conclude that dasatinib is unlikely to increase the osteonecrotic effects of dexamethasone in ALL regimens.
Influence of Composition on Energetic Properties of Copper Oxide – Aluminum Powder Nanothermite Materials Formed by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Lebedev Egor A. , Sorokina Larisa I. , Trifonov Alexey Y. , Ryazanov Roman M. , Pereverzeva Svetlana Y. , Gavrilov Sergey A. , Gromov Dmitry G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated the reactions in composite thermite layers consisting of Al, CuO, and Cu2O nanoparticles formed by electrophoretic deposition on a titanium substrate. The composition determined the reaction propagation rates and heat effects in oxygen and oxygen‐free atmospheres. It was found that a stable self‐propagating exothermic reaction in the aluminum‐copper oxide layer takes place in the range of 50–80 wt.% of Al. The maximum values of the measured heat effects also fell in this range. At the same time, the calculation following the stoichiometry of the reaction shows the optimal range of the Al amount is 10–20 wt.%. To explain this fact, we proposed a model based on calculating the probability of contact between Al and CuO particles depending on the average particle size and their concentration. The model is based on the calculation of solid angles, which means that the exact value of the contact area does not play a decisive role in this case.
Compatibility assessment of Varian and Elekta robotic couch‐assisted six‐dimensional patient positioning correction systems with external independent imaging modalities
Authors: Sarkar Biplab , Ganesh Tharmarnadar , Munshi Anusheel , Manikandan Arjunan , Choudhari Suresh , Jassal Kanan , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of robotic couch‐assisted six‐dimensional (6D) patient positioning systems with gantry‐mounted and in‐room independent imaging modalities in two different accelerators.Materials and MethodsImaging and 6D patient setup workflow were evaluated for both machines. The imaging workflow consists of onboard (OBI) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and in‐room ExacTrac imaging to evaluate setup errors. Setup images were acquired using CBCT, and positional corrections were performed using a 6D robotic couch. Further compatibility of CBCT and ExacTrac was evaluated for both coplanar and noncoplanar beam geometries.ResultVarian 6D couch, PerfectPitch, comprises three translational axes (x, y, z): the table column's rotational axis (yaw) and the two additional axes of rotation (pitch and roll) that are affected by the couch's bellows. In this approach, after accounting for 6D shifts, the couch remains physically rotated about its rotational axis (yaw:zROT ≠ 0°). This residual error in yaw rotation was counted in subsequent noncoplanar beam geometries. If the initial yaw couch error was −5.8°, after applying this error a beam planned at 30° couch rotation will appear as 24.2° (= 30°–5.8°) for both CBCT and ExacTrac images. In Elekta's HexaPOD six degrees of freedom (DoF) couch, the column rotational axis is not counted as one of the six DoF. Instead, HexaPOD's bellows can effectively execute all three rotations, and the 3D couch movements that correct setup errors are limited only to the translational axes. A noncoplanar beam planned at a couch rotation of 30° appeared at 30° after patient positional correction. ConclusionVarian 6D robotic couch solutions are only partially compatible with independent in‐room imaging systems.
Ability ofB12N12fullerene like nano‐cage for sensing and improving the antioxidant activity of juglone and its derivative: Density functional theory investigation
Authors: Zoua Vincent de Paul , Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier , Mama Désiré Bikélé , Ghogomu Julius Numbonui , Abdoul Ntieche Rahman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTheoretical chemistry calculations were used to investigate the ability of the B12N12fullerene like nano‐cage for sensing juglone (Jug) and one of its derivative (JugOH) in gas phase, pentyl ethanoate (PE) and water. Results obtained at DFT/M05‐2X‐D3/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory showed that B12N12is able to adsorbed Jug preferentially by binding to one of the O‐atom of its carbonyl groups. Based on natural bond orbital analysis, a charge transfer from the oxygen atoms of Jug and JugOH to the anti‐bonding orbital of B was revealed. Quantum theory of atoms in molecule analysis showed that the B12N12Jug and B12N12JugOH complexes are stabilized by a partially covalent BO bond in addition to attractive non covalent interactions. The ability ofJug,JugOHas well as their complexesAandAOHto scavenge HO●radical has been investigated via the usual hydrogen atom transfer mechanism in the three media of study previously stated. Theoretical evaluation of pH effect on this radical scavenging activity revealed that in water, the anionic forms ofJugOH(86%) andAOH(96%) are dominant and mainly transfer their remaining H‐atom to HO●via a spontaneously reaction, the complex presenting the lowest Gibbs free energy. These results provide fundamental knowledge for the development of new antioxidant delivery careers.
Out of bounds: Coerced invisibility and alternate sexualities
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe alternate sexualities face a society and discourse which presumes a condition of ceteris paribus for heteronormativity. Such framework of understanding very often denies the very existence of the alternate sexualities, and thus, their concerns of justice remain out of the purview of any democratic deliberation. The idea of coerced invisibility discusses such status of the alternate sexualities, wherein they are suppressed and neglected at multifarious levels. This erosion of spatiality puts them under a situation of “out of bounds” which ensures their insulation from the issues such as justice and equality. The paper attempts to discuss how coerced invisibility is a tool through which the exclusion of the alternate sexualities is ensured. The impact of coerced invisibility extends from one's psychology to social existence. When imposed in an acute form, it often produces results like alienation and anomie, which causes serious implications for the alternate sexualities.
“A riddled restitution”—The Indian journey from the recognition of the third gender towards the Queer
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe queer movement in India celebrated a landmark with the decriminalization of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code in 2018. Another milestone was reached through the legal recognition of the transgender population of the Indian state in 2019. These developments point towards a positive progression of the queer movement in India. The change in the perspective of the state towards the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) shows a positive stance towards the concerns of the LGBTQI groups. However, the trajectory taken by the Indian state with respect to the concern of the queer community is riddled with a few challenges and roadblocks, which might create obstacles in furthering the concerns of the LGBTQI groups. The engagement with the heteronormative framework makes the sight of the state prismatic, which leads to lopsided and ineffective results. Thus, it is important to understand the specific nature of the concerns of the LGBTQI groups before embarking upon the task of restitution. This paper seeks to discuss the changing perspective of the Indian state towards the concerns of the LGBTQI and find the probable challenges that might be left unaddressed.
3D Ordered Porous Nanostructure Confers Fast Charge Transfer Rate and Reduces the Electrode Polarization in Thick Electrode
Authors: Lin Shengxuan , Wang Yifan , Chen Yuhang , Cai Zihe , Xiao Jiajia , Muhmood Tahir , Hu Xiaobin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLithium batteries with high electrode thickness always possess a poor battery property due to electrode polarization along the thickness direction. Herein, a concept that the electrode polarization can be reduced through the fabrication of 3D ordered interconnected nanostructure in the electrode is put forward. A nitrogen‐doped carbon photonic crystal (NCPC) with the ordered interconnected nanostructure is used in the electrode to prove the concept. NCPC can provide a fast charge transfer rate along the thickness direction and a uniform distribution for electrons and lithium ions, resulting in diminishing the concentration polarization and concentration gradient. When NCPC works for lithium–sulfur battery, the thick electrode achieves a fast charge transfer rate and a small voltage gap as well as the thin electrode. The 200 µm thick sulfur cathode obtains a specific capacity (87%) as high as 100 µm thick sulfur cathode. In contrast, the capacity ratio of the electrode made by the traditional coating method is only 45%.
SafeOSL: Ensuring memory safety of C via ownership‐based intermediate language
Authors: Yin Xiaohua , Huang Zhiqiu , Kan Shuanglong , Shen Guohua , Chen Zhe , Liu Yang , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe unsafe features of C make it a big challenge to ensure memory safety of C programs, and often lead to memory errors that can result in vulnerabilities. Various formal verification techniques for ensuring memory safety of C have been proposed. However, most of them either have a high overhead, such as state explosion problem in model checking, or have false positives, such as abstract interpretation. In this article, by innovatively borrowing ownership system from Rust, we propose a novel and sound static memory safety analysis approach, named SafeOSL. Its basic idea is an ownership‐based intermediate language, called ownership system language (OSL), which captures the features of the ownership system in Rust. Ownership system specifies the relations among variables and memory locations, and maintains invariants that can ensure memory safety. The semantics of OSL is formalized in K‐framework, which is a rewriting‐logic based tool. C programs to be checked are first transformed into OSL programs and then detected by OSL semantics. Experimental results have demonstrated that SafeOSL is effective in detecting memory errors of C. Moreover, the translations and experiments indicate that the intermediate language OSL could be reused by other programming languages to detect memory errors.
Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications
Authors: Szyszka Taylor N. , Jenner Eric N. , Tasneem Nuren , Lau Yu Heng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Lau Group from the University of Sydney. The image shows an artistic example of a catalytic system depicting cross‐talk between enzymes displayed on the surface and sequestered within the compartment. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/syst.202100025.
Zoom-Fatigue managen
Authors: Legerer-Bratengeyer Andrea 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIm März 2020, bedingt durch die Corona-Pandemie, hat sich die Berufsgruppe der Psychotherapeut_innen flexibel und spontan auf die Anforderung des Online-Settings als Behandlungsformat eingelassen. Es galt die Versorgung der Klient_innen unbedingt aufrecht zu halten und einen Anteil an der Gesamtgesundheit der Bevölkerung zu leisten. Durch digitale Kommunikation im Online-Video-Setting ergeben sich für Psychotherapeut_innen bisher wenig beachtete, zusätzliche Belastungen. Insbesondere Arbeitsplatzsicherheit (Bildschirmarbeitsverordnung), Achtsamkeit und Sorgsamkeit für Augen, Binokularsystem, Rücken, Schultern und Nacken sowie der Umgang mit einer neuen Form der Erschöpfung, der Zoom-Fatigue, sind von Bedeutung. Die Arbeitswelt 4.0 hat Einzug in die psychotherapeutischen Praxen gehalten und bringt neue Aspekte und Anforderungen an Selbstfürsorge und Psychohygiene.
Field-scale monitoring of nitrate leaching in agriculture: assessment of three methods
Authors: Wey Hannah , Hunkeler Daniel , Bischoff Wolf-Anno , Bünemann Else K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to nitrate loss from intensive agricultural systems can only be mitigated if methods for in-situ monitoring of nitrate leaching under active farmers’ fields are available. In this study, three methods were used in parallel to evaluate their spatial and temporal differences, namely ion-exchange resin-based Self-Integrating Accumulators (SIA), soil coring for extraction of mineral N (Nmin) from 0 to 90 cm in Mid-October (pre-winter) and Mid-February (post-winter), and Suction Cups (SCs) complemented by a HYDRUS 1D model. The monitoring, conducted from 2017 to 2020 in the Gäu Valley in the Swiss Central Plateau, covered four agricultural fields. The crop rotations included grass-clover leys, canola, silage maize and winter cereals. The monthly resolution of SC samples allowed identifying a seasonal pattern, with a nitrate concentration build-up during autumn and peaks in winter, caused by elevated water percolation to deeper soil layers in this period. Using simulated water percolation values, SC concentrations were converted into fluxes. SCs sampled 30% less N-losses on average compared to SIA, which collect also the wide macropore and preferential flows. The difference between Nmin content in autumn and spring was greater than nitrate leaching measured with either SIA or SCs. This observation indicates that autumn Nmin was depleted not only by leaching but also by plant and microbial N uptake and gaseous losses. The positive correlation between autumn Nmin content and leaching fluxes determined by either SCs or SIA suggests autumn Nmin as a useful relative but not absolute indicator for nitrate leaching. In conclusion, all three monitoring techniques are suited to indicate N leaching but represent different transport and cycling processes and vary in spatio-temporal resolution. The choice of monitoring method mainly depends (1) on the project’s goals and financial budget and (2) on the soil conditions. Long-term data, and especially the combination of methods, increase process understanding and generate knowledge beyond a pure methodological comparison.
Modelling the nucleation and propagation of cracks at twin boundaries
Authors: Grilli Nicolò , Cocks Alan C. F. , Tarleton Edmund 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFracture arising from cracks nucleating and propagating along twin boundaries is commonly observed in metals that exhibit twinning as a plastic deformation mechanism. This phenomenon affects the failure of macroscopic mechanical components, but it is not fully understood. We present simulations in which a continuum model for discrete twins and a cohesive zone model are coupled to aid the understanding of fracture at twin boundaries. The interaction between different twin systems is modelled using a local term that depends on the continuum twin variables. Simulations reveal that the resolved shear stress necessary for an incident twin to propagate through a barrier twin can be up to eight times the resolved shear stress for twin nucleation. Interface elements are used at the interfaces between all bulk elements to simulate arbitrary intragranular cracks. An algorithm to detect twin interfaces is developed and their strength has been calibrated to give good agreement with the experimentally observed fracture path. The elasto-plastic deformation induced by discrete twins is modelled using the crystal plasticity finite element method and the stress induced by twin tips is captured. The tensile stress caused by the tip of an incident twin on a barrier twin is sufficient to nucleate a crack. A typical staircase fracture path, with cracks propagating along the twin interfaces, is reproduced only if the strength of the twin interfaces is decreased to about one-third of the strength of the bulk material. This model can be used to help understand fracture caused by the activation of multiple twin systems in different materials.