bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G-CSF as a suitable alternative to GM-CSF to boost dinutuximab-mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma treatment
Authors: Martinez Sanz Paula , van Rees Dieke J , van Zogchel Lieke M J , Klein Bart , Bouti Panagiota , Olsman Hugo , Schornagel Karin , Kok Ivana , Sunak Ali , Leeuwenburg Kira , Timmerman Ilse , Dierselhuis Miranda P , Kholosy Waleed M , Molenaar Jan J , van Bruggen Robin , van den Berg Timo K , Kuijpers Taco W , Matlung Hanke L , Tytgat Godelieve A M , Franke Katka 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCurrent immunotherapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma involves the therapeutic antibody dinutuximab that targets GD2, a ganglioside expressed on the majority of neuroblastoma tumors. Opsonized tumor cells are killed through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a process mediated by various immune cells, including neutrophils. The capacity of neutrophils to kill dinutuximab-opsonized tumor cells can be further enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which has been shown in the past to improve responses to anti-GD2 immunotherapy. However, access to GM-CSF (sargramostim) is limited outside of Northern America, creating a high clinical need for an alternative method to stimulate dinutuximab responsiveness in the treatment of neuroblastoma. In this in vitro study, we have investigated whether clinically well-established granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can be a potentially suitable alternative for GM-CSF in the dinutuximab immunotherapy regimen of patients with neuroblastoma.MethodsWe compared the capacity of neutrophils stimulated either in vitro or in vivo with GM-CSF or G-CSF to kill dinutuximab-opsonized GD2-positive neuroblastoma cell lines and primary patient tumor material. Blocking experiments with antibodies inhibiting either respective Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) or neutrophil integrin CD11b/CD18 demonstrated the involvement of these receptors in the process of ADCC. Flow cytometry and live cell microscopy were used to quantify and visualize neutrophil-neuroblastoma interactions.ResultsWe found that G-CSF was as potent as GM-CSF in enhancing the killing capacity of neutrophils towards neuroblastoma cells. This was observed with in vitro stimulated neutrophils, and with in vivo stimulated neutrophils from both patients with neuroblastoma and healthy donors. Enhanced killing due to GM-CSF or G-CSF stimulation was consistent regardless of dinutuximab concentration, tumor-to-neutrophil ratio and concentration of the stimulating cytokine. Both GM-CSF and G-CSF stimulated neutrophils required FcγRIIa and CD11b/CD18 integrin to perform ADCC, and this was accompanied by trogocytosis of tumor material by neutrophils and tumor cell death in both stimulation conditions.ConclusionsOur preclinical data support the use of G-CSF as an alternative stimulating cytokine to GM-CSF in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with dinutuximab, warranting further testing of G-CSF in a clinical setting.
In situ delivery of iPSC-derived dendritic cells with local radiotherapy generates systemic antitumor immunity and potentiates PD-L1 blockade in preclinical poorly immunogenic tumor models
Authors: Oba Takaaki , Makino Kenichi , Kajihara Ryutaro , Yokoi Toshihiro , Araki Ryoko , Abe Masumi , Minderman Hans , Chang Alfred E , Odunsi Kunle , Ito Fumito 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDendritic cells (DCs) are a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy given their ability to prime antigen-specific T cells, and initiate antitumor immune response. A major obstacle for DC-based immunotherapy is the difficulty to obtain a sufficient number of functional DCs. Theoretically, this limitation can be overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); however, therapeutic strategies to engage iPSC-derived DCs (iPSC-DCs) into cancer immunotherapy remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence showing that induction of tumor-residing DCs enhances immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy (RT) prompted us to investigate antitumor efficacy of combining intratumoral administration of iPSC-DCs with local RT.MethodsMouse iPSCs were differentiated to iPSC-DCs on OP9 stromal cells expressing the notch ligand delta-like 1 in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Phenotype and the capacities of iPSC-DCs to traffic tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) and prime antigen-specific T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry and imaging flow cytometry. Antitumor efficacy of intratumoral injection of iPSC-DCs and RT was tested in syngeneic orthotopic mouse tumor models resistant to anti-PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy.ResultsMouse iPSC-DCs phenotypically resembled conventional type 2 DCs, and had a capacity to promote activation, proliferation and effector differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of the cognate antigen in vitro. Combination of in situ administration of iPSC-DCs and RT facilitated the priming of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells, and synergistically delayed the growth of not only the treated tumor but also the distant non-irradiated tumors. Mechanistically, RT enhanced trafficking of intratumorally injected iPSC-DCs to the TdLN, upregulated CD40 expression, and increased the frequency of DC/CD8+ T cell aggregates. Phenotypic analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells revealed an increase of stem-like Slamf6+ TIM3− CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages and DCs. Consequently, combined therapy rendered poorly immunogenic tumors responsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy along with the development of tumor-specific immunological memory.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate the translational potential of iPSC-DCs, and identify the therapeutic efficacy of a combinatorial platform to engage them for overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 therapy in poorly immunogenic tumors.
Two-loop renormalisation of gauge theories in 4D implicit regularisation and connections to dimensional methods
Authors: Cherchiglia A. , Arias-Perdomo D. C. , Vieira A. R. , Sampaio M. , Hiller B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe compute the two-loop $$\beta $$
β
-function of scalar and spinorial quantum electrodynamics as well as pure Yang–Mills and quantum chromodynamics using the background field method in a fully quadridimensional setup using implicit regularization (IREG). Moreover, a thorough comparison with dimensional approaches such as conventional dimensional regularization (CDR) and dimensional reduction (DRED) is presented. Subtleties related to Lorentz algebra contractions/symmetric integrations inside divergent integrals as well as renormalisation schemes are carefully discussed within IREG where the renormalisation constants are fully defined as basic divergent integrals to arbitrary loop order. Moreover, we confirm the hypothesis that momentum routing invariance in the loops of Feynman diagrams implemented via setting well-defined surface terms to zero deliver non-abelian gauge invariant amplitudes within IREG just as it has been proven for abelian theories.
Shadow cast by a rotating and nonlinear magnetic-charged black hole in perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Ma Tian-Chi , Zhang He-Xu , He Peng-Zhang , Zhang Hao-Ran , Chen Yuan , Deng Jian-Bo 
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we derived an exact solution of the spherically symmetric Hayward black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM). By applying the Newman–Janis algorithm, we generalized it to the corresponding rotating black hole. Then, we studied the shadows of rotating Hayward black hole in PFDM. The apparent shape of the shadow depends upon the black hole spin [Formula: see text], the magnetic charge [Formula: see text] and the PFDM intensity parameter [Formula: see text]. The shadow is a perfect circle in the non-rotating case [Formula: see text] and a deformed one in the rotating case [Formula: see text]. For a fixed value of [Formula: see text], the size of the shadow increases with the increasing [Formula: see text], but decreases with the increasing [Formula: see text]. We further investigated the black hole emission rate. We found that the emission rate decreases with the increasing [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text]) and the peak of the emission shifts to lower frequency. Finally, we discussed the observational prospects corresponding to the supermassive black hole Sgr A[Formula: see text] at the center of the Milky Way.
Distance-Based Topological Polynomials Associated with Zero-Divisor Graphs
Authors: Ahmad Ali , López S. C. 
Published: May 2021

Let

R

be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and let

Z

R

be its set of zero divisors. The zero-divisor graph of

R

is the graph

Γ

R

with vertex set

V

Γ

R

=
Z

R

∗

, where

Z

R

∗

=
Z

R

\

0

, and edge set

E

Γ

R

=

x
,
y

:

x
⋅
y
=
0

. One of the basic results for these graphs is that

Γ

R

is connected with diameter less than or equal to 3. In this paper, we obtain a few distance-based topological polynomials and indices of zero-divisor graph when the commutative ring is

ℤ

p

2

q

2

, namely, the Wiener index, the Hosoya polynomial, and the Shultz and the modified Shultz indices and polynomials.
Effect of Sociodemographic Factors, Concomitant Disease States, and Measures Performed in the Emergency Department on Patient Disability in Ischemic Stroke: Retrospective Study from Lebanon
Authors: Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Al Harfany Hiba , Mansour Sara , Faugeras Frederic , Salameh Pascale , Hosseini Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Background. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. The major factor affecting long-term survival other than age is the disability severity caused by stroke. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a global functional endpoint measurement used in acute stroke to evaluate the degree of disability or dependence in daily life activities. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of sociodemographic factors, concomitant disease states, and some measures performed in the emergency department (ED) on patients’ disability. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study on ischemic stroke patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit of three Lebanese university hospitals between June and December 2016. Patients were excluded if they had been discharged from ED without hospital admission or if mRS was not performed. The mRS was further subdivided into two categories considered as “good prognosis” (0-2 or 0-3) and “poor prognosis” (>2 or > 3). Results. 204 patients were included in the study with mean age of

65.4
±
11.9

years, hypertension was the most previous concomitant past medical disease (77.1%), and 27.1% of these patients had previous history of stroke. No significant differences were found in both mRS categories for all sociodemographic factors, and past medical history except that arrhythmia was significantly more common in the higher mRS

categories
>
2

and > 3. Based on multivariable analysis, there was a trend for previous intake of calcium channel blocker to be associated with lower mRS at admission (beta -0.586). However, intracranial arterial stenosis, ED

blood

glucose
>
180

mg/dL, and performing brain imaging above 20 minutes after patient presentation to ED were significantly associated with higher mRS scores at discharge with an ORa and (confidence interval) of 2.986 (0.814, 10.962), 3.301 (1.072, 1.261), and 1.138 (1.071, 9.080), respectively. Conclusion. mRS is affected by previous disease states, prescribed medications, and acute measures performed in ED. It is also influenced by intracranial arterial stenosis etiology, which is associated with worse outcome.
The Duties of Criminalization under International Law in the Practice of Italian Judges: An Overview
Authors: Amoroso Daniele 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A distinctive feature of the judicial application of international norms on criminalization in Italy is the underlying tension between openness to international law and safeguarding the principle of legality in criminal matters. The present contribution, therefore, aims to provide an overview of the ways this tension concretely unfolds in the practice of Italian courts. It will analyze, notably, the cases where (i) international norms on criminalization are resorted to for the purposes of consistent interpretation; (ii) Italian judges are asked to implement international norms envisaging duties of criminalization in the absence of national legislation to this effect; and (iii) international norms on duties of criminalization are applied in civil proceedings.
Mechanization and the Irreducibility of the Biotic Aspect: A Dooyeweerdian View of Bioengineering
Authors: Santos Fernando Pasquini 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The nonreductionistic theory of the multiple aspects of reality offered by the Dutch philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd is employed to illuminate the status of bodies and biological entities in relation to attached and incorporated technological devices. I first present a review of the interpretations of the mechanization of biology and then argue from a Dooyeweerdian viewpoint that this mechanization also amounts to a reduction of the biotic aspect to previous aspects, such as the physical and the regulatory or cybernetic aspect. Next, the irreducible meaning of the biotic aspect is defined as the vital life cycle and generational continuity that delineate the form of a species. Finally, I show how this definition helps us identify a normativity and a respect for living things, and I discuss its implications for bioengineering practices.
Discovering and documenting Acari: the first twenty years in Zootaxa
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG , SCHATZ HEINRICH , PFINGSTL TOBIAS , GOLDSCHMIDT TOM , MARTIN PETER , PEŠIĆ VLADIMIR , RAMÍREZ MARCIA , SCHMIDT KARL-HEINZ , FAN QING-HAI , MIRONOV SERGEY , SEEMAN OWEN , HALLIDAY BRUCE 
Published: May 2021

Acari represent the most diverse group within the arachnids with some 60,000 described species. It is generally believed that most species of mites are waiting to be discovered and described. Zootaxa was the most important journal for mite taxonomy during the last twenty years (2001 to 2020). It published 1305 papers by 1057 authors during these two decades, with descriptions of 3271 new taxa/names, which account for 24.4% of the total indexed in Zoological Record. The numbers of new synonyms of Acari in Zootaxa (334) also accounted for nearly a quarter (24.9%) of the total published during this period. These data indicate that Zootaxa has been an important and leading journal for acarologists to document the diversity of mites and ticks in the world.
Zootaxa 20th Anniversary Celebration: section Acanthocephala
Authors: MONKS SCOTT 
Published: May 2021

Of 32 papers including Acanthocephala that were published in Zootaxa from 2001 to 2020, 5, by 11 authors from 5 countries, described 5 new species and redescribed 1 known species and 27 checklists from 11 countries and/geographical regions by 72 authors. A bibliographic analysis of these papers, the number of species reported in the checklists, and a list of new species are presented in this paper.
Interdecadal Strengthening in the Independent Relationship Between the East Asian Summer Monsoon and the Indian Ocean Basin Mode around the Early 1990s
Authors: LIU KUI , ZHOU LIAN-TONG , WANG ZHIBIAO , LIU YONG , YIN XIAOXUE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study conducts correlation and regression analyses of the JRA-55 reanalysis data and observational rainfall datasets from China’s National Climate Center. The analyses reveal that interdecadal enhancement in the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the Indian Ocean Basin mode (IOBM) after the early 1990s, and the diminished correlation between the EASM and the Niño-3 index. The analyses also reveal that the relationship between EASM-related rainfall/circulation with IOBM also experienced an interdecadal shift at the same time. During the first epoch (1977–1989), EASM-related rainfall was correlated significantly with the Niño-3 index, and accompanied by a Pacific–Japan-like anomaly pattern of horizontal winds. In a subsequent epoch (1994–2014), EASM-related rainfall was correlated significantly with IOBM, and accompanied by a meridional dipole pattern in the horizontal winds. After the 1990s, IOBM exerted influence on EASM through land–sea thermal contrast, and the critical land area was the region 33°–47°N, 110°–140°E. The interdecadal strengthening in the EASM–IOBM linkage around the early 1990s may be attributable to a faster rate of decay of El Niño after the 1990s.
Attitude of the employer in Lebanon toward candidates and employees with a stable chronic mental illness
Authors: Khairallah Christelle , Kassab Anthony , Damien Amal , Richa Sami 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Research and study the Lebanese employers’ attitudes, toward recruiting candidates with a mental illness and toward their employees who suffer chronic mental illnesses (A CMI) and the factors that may play a role in affecting it. Methods: A combined cross sectional and retrospective study. Interviews conducted with a mix of 63 human resource managers and high executive employees to assess the integration of people with A CMI at the workplace, and the attitudes toward them. Results: Primarily, the engagement of an occupational physician or a social worker in the process, was associated with a reduction in stigma surrounding the subject matter. Moreover, hiring a candidate with A CMI was perceived as a social image improvement of the hiring company. However, A CMI employees were perceived as having lower efficiency and self-esteem, as well as a greater vulnerability to dismissal. Conclusion: The presence and engagement of an occupational physician, and/or a social worker, has been found to be the main positive stigma modulator against mental illness, in a corporate setting.
New Daily Persistent Headache in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Strong Eric , Pierce Emily Linda , Langdon Raquel , Strelzik Jeffery , McClintock William , Cameron Mark , Furda Mary , DiSabella Marc 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache disorder characterized by an intractable, daily, and unremitting headache lasting for at least 3 months. Currently, there are limited studies in the pediatric population describing the characteristics of NDPH. Objective: The objective of the current study is to describe the characteristics of NDPH in pediatric patients presenting to a headache program at a tertiary referral center. Methods: The participants in the current study were pediatric patients who attended the Headache Clinic at Children’s National Hospital between 2016 and 2018. All patients seen in the Headache Clinic were enrolled in an institutional review board–approved patient registry. Results: Between 2016 and 2018, NDPH was diagnosed in 245 patients, representing 14% of the total headache population. NDPH patients were predominantly female (78%) and white (72%). The median age was 14.8 years. The median pain intensity was 6 of 10 (standard deviation = 1.52). Most patients reported experiencing migrainous features, namely, photophobia (85%), phonophobia (85%), and a reduced activity level (88%). Overall, 33% of patients had failed at least 1 preventive medication, and 56% had failed at least 1 abortive medication. Furthermore, 36% of patients were additionally diagnosed with medication overuse headache. Conclusion: NDPH is a relatively frequent disorder among pediatric chronic headache patients. The vast majority of these patients experience migrainous headache characteristics and associated symptoms and are highly refractory to treatment—as evidenced by a strong predisposition to medication overuse headache and high rates of failed preventive management.
Associations of Vasopressor Requirements With Echocardiographic Parameters After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tabi Meir , Burstein Barry J. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Kashani Kianoush B. , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Post-arrest hypotension is common after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and many patients resuscitated after OHCA will require vasopressors. We sought to determine the associations between echocardiographic parameters and vasopressor requirements in OHCA patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with OHCA treated with targeted temperature management between December 2005 and September 2016 who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Categorical variables were compared using 2-tailed Fisher’s exact and Pearson’s correlation coefficients and variance (r2) values were used to assess relationships between continuous variables. Results: Among 217 included patients, the mean age was 62 ± 12 years, including 74% males. The arrest was witnessed in 90%, the initial rhythm was shockable in 88%, and 58% received bystander CPR. At the time of TTE, 41% of patients were receiving vasopressors; this group of patients was older, had greater severity of illness, higher inpatient mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was modestly lower (36.8 ± 17.1% vs. 41.4 ± 16.4%, P = 0.04). Stroke volume, cardiac power output and left ventricular stroke work index correlated with number of vasopressors (Pearson r −0.24 to −0.34, all P < 0.002), but the correlation with LVEF was weak (Pearson r −0.13, P = 0.06). Conclusions: In patients after OHCA, left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with the need for vasopressors, and Doppler TTE hemodynamic parameters had higher correlation coefficients compared with vasopressor requirements than LVEF. This emphasizes the complex nature of shock after OHCA, including pathophysiologic processes not captured by TTE assessment alone.
Toward inverting environmental injustice in Delhi
Authors: Azad Rohit , Chakraborty Shouvik 
Published: May 2021

We propose a carbon tax policy for Delhi—the most polluted capital globally—which will fundamentally change the energy mix of Delhi’s economy toward clean, green energy and guarantee universal access to electricity, transport, and food, up to a certain amount. Any carbon mitigation strategy needs to alter our dependence on fossil fuels, requiring a systemic overhaul of its energy mix. Implementing a carbon tax will mitigate emissions and mobilise revenue for our proposed redistributive program: Right to Food, Energy, and Travel (RFET). The policy is designed to advocate for the ‘poor over the rich’ to compensate for the ‘rich hiding behind’ the poor by emitting the majority of carbon and pollutants. Using input–output analysis, we estimate the class-wise distribution of carbon emissions in Delhi. We find that the necessary tax would be US$112.5 per metric ton of carbon dioxide in order for this program to work. The free entitlement of fuel and electricity per household comes out to be 2040 kWh per annum, and there is an annual universal travel pass of US$75 per person for use in public transport and an annual per capita availability of food of US$205.JEL Codes: Q43, Q48, Q52, Q58