bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation in Remote Myocardium and Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study Using T2 Mapping
Authors: Yang Meng‐xi , Shi Ke , Xu Hua‐yan , He Yong , Ma Min , Zhang Lu , Wang Jun‐long , Li Xue‐sheng , Fu Chuan , Li Hong , Zhou Bin , Zhou Xiao‐yue , Yang Zhi , Guo Ying‐kun , Yang Zhi‐gang 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe pathophysiological changes in the remote myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains less understood.PurposeTo assess the inflammation in the remote myocardium post‐MI and its association with left ventricular (LV) remodeling using T2 mapping.Study typeProspective.Animal Model and SubjectsTwelve pigs at 3‐day post‐MI, 6 pigs at 3‐month post‐MI, 6 healthy pigs; 54 patients at 3‐day and 3‐month post‐MI, 31 healthy volunteers;Field Strength/SequenceA 3 T MRI/ steady‐state free‐precession sequence for T2 mapping (animals: 0, 30, and 55 msec; human: 0, 25, and 55 msec), phase‐sensitive inversion recovery gradient echo for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), balanced steady free‐precession sequence for cine.AssessmentInfarcted myocardium was defined on LGE, remote T2 was measured on T2 maps. LV remodeling was evaluated as LV end‐diastolic volume change index between two scans using cine. CD68 staining was conducted to detect monocyte/macrophage.Statistical TestsStudent‐t test and one‐way ANOVA were used to compare remote T2 with normal controls. The association of remote T2 with LV remodeling was assessed using linear regression. P values of <0.05 were used to denote statistical significance.ResultsCompared with healthy pigs, remote T2 significantly increased from 3 days to 3 months post‐MI (31.43 ± 0.67 vs. 33.53 ± 1.15 vs. 36.43 ± 1.07 msec). CD68 staining demonstrated the inflammation in remote myocardium post‐MI but not in healthy pigs. Significant remote myocardial alterations in T2 were also observed in human group (40.51 ± 1.79 vs. 41.94 ± 1.14 vs. 42.52 ± 1.71 msec). In patients, the 3‐month remote T2 (β = 0.432) and remote T2 variation between two scans (β = 0.554) were both independently associated with LV remodeling.ConclusionT2 mapping could characterize the abnormalities in the remote myocardium post‐MI, which was potentially caused by the inflammatory response. Moreover, variations in remote T2 were associated with LV remodeling.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 3
Connectome analysis of male world‐class gymnasts using probabilistic multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution tracking
Authors: Tomita Hiroyuki , Kamagata Koji , Andica Christina , Uchida Wataru , Fukuo Makoto , Waki Hidefumi , Sugano Hidenori , Tange Yuichi , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Lukies Matthew , Hagiwara Akifumi , Fujita Shohei , Wada Akihiko , Akashi Toshiaki , Murata Syo , Harada Mutsumi , Aoki Shigeki , Naito Hisashi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn athletes, long‐term intensive training has been shown to increase unparalleled athletic ability and might induce brain plasticity. We evaluated the structural connectome of world‐class gymnasts (WCGs), as mapped by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging probabilistic tractography and a multishell, multitissue constrained spherical deconvolution method to increase the precision of tractography at the tissue interfaces. The connectome was mapped in 10 Japanese male WCGs and in 10 age‐matched male controls. Network‐based statistic identified subnetworks with increased connectivity density in WCGs, involving the sensorimotor, default mode, attentional, visual, and limbic areas. It also revealed a significant association between the structural connectivity of some brain structures with functions closely related to the gymnastic skills and the D‐score, which is used as an index of the gymnasts' specific physical abilities for each apparatus. Furthermore, graph theory analysis demonstrated the characteristics of brain anatomical topology in the WCGs. They displayed significantly increased global connectivity strength with decreased characteristic path length at the global level and higher nodal strength and degree in the sensorimotor, default mode, attention, and limbic/subcortical areas at the local level as compared with controls. Together, these findings extend the current understanding of neural mechanisms that distinguish WCGs from controls and suggest brain anatomical network plasticity in WCGs resulting from long‐term intensive training. Future studies should assess the contribution of genetic or early‐life environmental factors in the brain network organization of WCGs. Furthermore, the indices of brain topology (i.e., connection density and graph theory indices) could become markers for the objective evaluation of gymnastic performance.
Net‐mineralization of organic matter and greenhouse gas emissions from Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure applied to acidic and alkaline soils
Authors: Ingold Mariko , Wachendorf Christine , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ammonia volatilization, and nitrate leaching from agriculture are important for the management of environmental pollution and climate change. Tannins, which are water‐soluble polyphenolic compounds, were found to reduce emissions in animal husbandry systems when supplemented to ruminant diets.AimTwo laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Quebracho tannin‐enriched manure on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization processes, and greenhouse gas emissions from three different soils (sandy moderate acidic, sandy alkaline, and loamy alkaline).MethodsIn the two incubation experiments of 4 and 9 weeks, soil samples were analyzed for K2SO4 extractable C and N, NH4+ and NO3–, microbial biomass C, and pH. In the main experiment emissions of CO2, N2O, and NH3 were regularly monitored.ResultsThree days after manure application, the CO2 emissions of the three soils were reduced by 26%–37% and N2O by 80%–92% in tannin‐enriched manure treatments compared with tannin‐free manure. However, subsequent cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions were only reduced in the loamy alkaline soil applied with tannin‐enriched manure. Also, in the initial 4 weeks net‐mineralization after manure application was significantly lower in soils applied with tannin‐enriched manure, reflecting an immobilization of N compared with tannin‐free manure in the short term or an inhibition of the mineralization process by physicochemical complexation of proteins or inhibition of enzyme activities in the long term. In both experiments, NO3– was by 23%–95% lower in the three soils after 3–9 weeks compared with tannin‐free manure.ConclusionThese results highlight the mitigation potential of tannin‐enriched manure on soil N leaching, and suggest that greenhouse gas emissions may be increased depending on soil properties.
Surgical telementoring: Feasibility, applicability, and how to
Authors: Gerardo Rodrigo , Lele Prachi , Sundaram Krithika , Ponsky Todd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurgical training does not end at the conclusion of residency training. Expansions in medical technology and surgical technique have created a steep learning curve for the young attending surgeon. The emergence of intraoperative telementoring has allowed experienced surgeons to guide learners through complex surgical cases remotely with the assistance of streaming video technology. Here, we describe the basics of telementoring, financial and legal considerations, and recommend hardware specifications for optimal use.
From telementorship to automation
Authors: Anvari Mehran , Manoharan Baanu , Barlow Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effective integration of robotic technology and surgical tools has played a vital role in advancing surgical care by enabling telepresence in surgery to provide mentorship and surgical care across long distances in the absence of surgeons. This article describes our experiences with advancing surgical education and innovation through telementoring community surgeons, establishing the world's first telerobotic surgical service, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence and robotics to provide remote surgical care and training.
Pretherapeutic Predictive Factors for Histological High‐Grade Parotid Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Mikoshiba Takuya , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Kawaida Miho , Sekimizu Mariko , Saito Shin , Yoshihama Keisuke , Nakamura Shintaro , Nagai Ryoto , Imanishi Yorihisa , Kameyama Kaori , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe histological grade of parotid gland carcinoma (PGC) is an important prognostic factor; however, the diagnosis prior to treatment has been challenging to make. This study aimed to investigate whether the pretreatment clinical findings, including hematological inflammatory, nutritional, and immune markers, could predict the histological grade of PGC.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 111 patients with PGC and evaluated the correlation between histological grade and pretreatment clinical findings such as age, sex, tumor staging, facial nerve paralysis, pain or tenderness, adhesion to the surrounding tissues or tumor immobility, and hematological markers.ResultsSixty patients (54%) were diagnosed with histological high‐grade PGC. Univariate analysis revealed that age, T classification, N classification, TNM stage, facial nerve paralysis, adhesion/immobility, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and CRP‐to‐albumin ratio (CAR) were significant predictors of PGC histological grade. On multivariate analysis, high T classification (T3, 4), high N classification (≥1), and elevated CRP (≥0.22 mg/dL) were independent predictors of high‐grade PGC.ConclusionsPretreatment T classification, N classification, and CRP are significant predictors of the histological grading of PGC. Our results are useful for treatment planning and obtaining appropriate informed consent from the patients before treatment.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:96–102, 2022
Research Progress on On‐Chip Fourier Transform Spectrometer
Authors: Zhang Lichao , Chen Jiamin , Ma Chaowei , Li Wangzhe , Qi Zhimei , Xue Ning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) is recognized as a highly precise analytical instrument for analyzing the constituent elements of matter in the fields of physics, chemistry, aerospace, and so on. With the emergence and development of miniaturized and portable devices in numerous scientific and technological fields, there has been an urgent need for on‐chip FTSs due to their benefits of small size, portability, low energy consumption, and robustness. However, the small size of on‐chip FTSs hinders the acquisition of a large optical path difference, resulting in a low resolution of the spectrometer. In addition, the sampler spacing is not sufficiently small to satisfy Nyquist's sampling theorem, directly influencing the bandwidth of the spectrometer. Therefore, studies have been performed to investigate the trade‐off between the reduced size and performance of spectrometers. This paper aims to systematically review the progress in on‐chip FTSs, especially in on‐chip static FTSs, including spatially modulated, temporally modulated, and space‐time comodulated FTSs, from the aspects of theories, implementations, and performance indicators. Finally, the paper ends with a discussion of the challenges and a view of the prospective development of this exciting field.
Effect of n‐Alkyl Side Chain Length on the Thermal and Rheological Properties of PolyN‐(3‐(alkylamino)‐N‐(3‐(isopropylamino)‐3‐oxopropyl)acrylamide) Homopolymers
Authors: Kumari Archana , Vishwakarma Sambhav , Mitra Kheyanath , Chen Chuangbi , Cui Shuming , Maiti Biswajit , Mondal Sourov , Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Maiti Pralay , Stadler Florian J. , Ray Biswajit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFour new N‐isopropylacrylamide‐ and N‐n‐alkyl amine‐based acrylamide monomers, N‐(3‐(alkylamino)‐N‐(3‐(isopropylamino)‐3‐oxopropyl) acrylamide (Mn) (n = 4, 8, 10, 12) are successfully synthesized and polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization (polyMn, n = 4, 8, 10, and 12), which are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, thermo‐gravimetry‐differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheology. All polymers are thermally stable and undergo a two‐step degradation process at ≈280 and ≈375 °C. Glass transition temperature (Tg)s of these polymers decrease gradually from 99.6 to 52.5 °C with increasing n‐alkyl side chain length. The rheology of these polymers in melt state agrees to a typical Rouse‐melt behavior and allows for confirming the Tg determined from DSC. Benzyl alcohol solution rheology proves a weak structural build‐up, in particular for polyM12. Comparison of the quantum chemical calculations of polyMns with n = 4–8 reveals increase in backbone helicity with increasing n‐alkyl side chain length.
Deacetylated Cellulose Acetate/Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes with Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation and Excellent Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Weiwen , Ma XiRui , Si Junhui , Cui Zhixiang , Wang Qianting , Liu Xianhu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNowadays, oil pollution has become more serious, which causes great threats both to the ecological environment and human life. In this study, a novel type of multifunctional deacetylated cellulose acetate/polyurethane (d‐MCA:MTPU) composite nanofiber membranes for oil/water separation are successfully fabricated by electrospinning, which show super‐amphiphilicity in air, super‐hydrophilicity in oil, and oleophobicity in water. All the d‐MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes with different mass ratios can be used as water‐removing, oil‐removing, and emulsion separation substance only by gravity driving force. The highest separation flux for water and oil reaches up to 37 000 and 74 000 L m−2 h−1, respectively, and all the separation efficiencies are more than 99%. They have outstanding comprehensive mechanics performance, which can be controlled by simply adjusting the mass ratios. They show excellent antifouling and self‐cleaning ability, endowing powerful cyclic stability and reusability. Those results show that d‐MCA:MTPU composite nanofiber membranes have great application prospects in oil/water separation.
Microstructure Engineering of Stretchable Resistive Strain Sensors with Discrimination Capabilities in Transverse and Longitudinal Directions
Authors: Shen Gengzhe , Zhang Chi , Liang Tianlong , Xin Yue , Liang Jionghong , Zhong Yu , He Jie , He Xiang , He Xin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFeaturing simple device structure, high sensitivity, and excellent reliability, stretchable resistive sensors have developed rapidly due to the high demand for flexible and wearable electronics. Nevertheless, it remains critically challenging to evaluate external stimuli using one simple device for diverse application scenarios. Here, a microstructure is engineered for a stretchable sensor by a facile replication/transferring and a prestretching/releasing process, enabling the device to have discrimination capabilities in the transverse direction (X‐axis) and longitudinal direction (Y‐axis). Consisting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs)/transition metal carbides (MXene)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene‐sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting layer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Ecoflex elastomer, the microstructured sensor has a broad strain range of 120% along the X‐axis and a large gauge factor (GF) of 37.44 along the Y‐axis, and shows good stability during 1000 stretching/releasing cycles along two directions, indicating the excellent interfacial connection between the sensing layer and elastomer. As a result, taking advantages of distinct performance along two directions, the proposed stretchable sensor is demonstrated to monitor a variety of human movements and physical stimuli as a wearable and flexible device, revealing its promising potential in diverse application scenarios.
Deformation driven Seq2Seq longitudinal tumor and organs‐at‐risk prediction for radiotherapy
Authors: Lee Donghoon , Alam Sadegh R. , Jiang Jue , Zhang Pengpeng , Nadeem Saad , Hu Yu‐chi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeRadiotherapy presents unique challenges and clinical requirements for longitudinal tumor and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) prediction during treatment. The challenges include tumor inflammation/edema and radiation‐induced changes in organ geometry, whereas the clinical requirements demand flexibility in input/output sequence timepoints to update the predictions on rolling basis and the grounding of all predictions in relationship to the pre‐treatment imaging information for response and toxicity assessment in adaptive radiotherapy.MethodsTo deal with the aforementioned challenges and to comply with the clinical requirements, we present a novel 3D sequence‐to‐sequence model based on Convolution Long Short‐Term Memory (ConvLSTM) that makes use of series of deformation vector fields (DVFs) between individual timepoints and reference pre‐treatment/planning CTs to predict future anatomical deformations and changes in gross tumor volume as well as critical OARs. High‐quality DVF training data are created by employing hyper‐parameter optimization on the subset of the training data with DICE coefficient and mutual information metric. We validated our model on two radiotherapy datasets: a publicly available head‐and‐neck dataset (28 patients with manually contoured pre‐, mid‐, and post‐treatment CTs), and an internal non‐small cell lung cancer dataset (63 patients with manually contoured planning CT and 6 weekly CBCTs).ResultsThe use of DVF representation and skip connections overcomes the blurring issue of ConvLSTM prediction with the traditional image representation. The mean and standard deviation of DICE for predictions of lung GTV at weeks 4, 5, and 6 were 0.83 ± 0.09, 0.82 ± 0.08, and 0.81 ± 0.10, respectively, and for post‐treatment ipsilateral and contralateral parotids, were 0.81 ± 0.06 and 0.85 ± 0.02.ConclusionWe presented a novel DVF‐based Seq2Seq model for medical images, leveraging the complete 3D imaging information of a relatively large longitudinal clinical dataset, to carry out longitudinal GTV/OAR predictions for anatomical changes in HN and lung radiotherapy patients, which has potential to improve RT outcomes.
The attitudes towards, and beliefs about, physical activity in people with osteoarthritis and comorbidity: A qualitative investigation
Authors: McKevitt Sarah , Jinks Clare , Healey Emma L. , Quicke Jonathan G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the attitudes towards, and beliefs about, physical activity (PA) in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) and comorbidity to understand experiences and seek ways to improve PA participation.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with adults aged ≥45, with self‐reported OA and comorbidity (N = 17). Face‐to‐face interviews explored participant perspectives regarding; (1) attitudes and beliefs about PA in the context of OA and comorbidity and (2) how people with OA and comorbidity could be encouraged to improve and maintain PA levels. Data were transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken using a framework approach.ResultsParticipants did not conceptualise multiple long‐term conditions (LTCs) together and instead self‐prioritised OA over other LTCs. Barriers to PA included uncertainty about both the general management of individual LTCs and the effectiveness of PA for their LTCs; and, negative perceptions about their health, ageing and PA. Participants experienced dynamic and co‐existing barriers to PA, and problematized this as a multi‐level process, identifying a barrier, then a solution, followed by a new barrier. Facilitators of PA included social support and support from knowledgeable healthcare professionals (HCPs), together with PA adapted for OA and comorbidity and daily life. PA levels could be increased through targeted interventions to increase self‐efficacy for managing OA alongside other LTCs and self‐efficacy for PA.ConclusionPeople with OA and comorbidity experience complicated PA barriers. To increase PA levels, tailored PA interventions could include HCP and social support to anticipate and overcome multi‐level PA barriers and target increased self‐efficacy for LTC management and PA.
SARC‐CalF tool has no significant prognostic value in hospitalized patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda W. , Burgel Camila Ferri , Brito Júlia Epping , Baumgardt Eduardo , de Araújo Bruna Espíndola , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundScreening of sarcopenia is proposed to identify patients who require the diagnosis of this condition. One of the proposed screening tools is Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, Fall and Calf Circumference (SARC‐CalF). However, evidence for its applicability, especially in a hospital setting, is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between “suggestive signs of sarcopenia using SARC‐CalF” and clinical outcomes.MethodsProspective cohort study with hospitalized patients aged ≥60 years was conducted, and they were evaluated within 48 h of admission using the SARC‐CalF tool. Calf circumference and handgrip strength were measured, and the “timed get up and go” test was performed in all patients. The outcomes for testing the predictive validity of SARC‐CalF were prolonged length of hospital stay, in‐hospital death, hospital readmission, and mortality in 6 months.ResultsOf the 554 patients (55.22 ± 14.91 years old, 52.9% males) evaluated, 17.3% were classified as having “suggestive signs of sarcopenia using SARC‐CalF.” In univariate analysis, “suggestive signs of sarcopenia using SARC‐CalF” was associated with in‐hospital death (P = .002) and mortality in 6 months (P = .004). However, in the multivariate analysis, these associations were not significant.ConclusionSARC‐CalF was not an independent predictor of clinical outcomes during the hospitalization neither in the following 6 months of discharge.
Systematic review of gastrostomy complications and outcomes in pediatric cancer and bone marrow transplant
Authors: Evans James , Gardiner Breeana , Green Dan , Gibson Faith , O'Connor Graeme , Lanigan Julie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNutrition support is essential in children with cancer, including those undergoing bone marrow transplant (BMT), to reduce the risk of malnutrition and associated deleterious outcomes. Enteral nutrition is more commonly provided via nasogastric than gastrostomy tubes because of safety concerns with the latter in immunocompromised children. This systematic review investigated the incidence and type of complications and outcomes in pediatric cancer patients fed by gastrostomy.MethodsDatabases were searched for randomized and observational studies investigating the use of any gastrostomy device in children aged <18 years with any cancer diagnosis, including those undergoing BMT. Five cohort and 11 case series studies were included. Owing to clinical heterogeneity, meta‐analyses were not performed.ResultsQuality of evidence varied, with five studies judged at serious risk of bias and poor quality; however, the remaining 11 were considered to range from moderate to good quality. Across studies, 54.6% of children developed one or more complications, of which 76.6% were classified as minor, 23.4% major. The most frequent complications included inflammation (52% of episodes), infection (42.1%), leakage (22.3%), and granuloma (21%). Evidence regarding infection rates in cancer/BMT patients compared with other disease states was inconclusive. Gastrostomy feeding was associated with improvement or stabilization of nutrition status in 77%–92.7% of children.ConclusionGastrostomy feeding in this population is relatively safe and effective in stabilizing or improving nutrition status throughout treatment. Complications are frequent but mostly minor. Placement requires careful consideration of the complications, benefits, nutrition risk and status at diagnosis, and quality of life.