bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyn[n]arenes: Versatile Platforms To Study the Interplay between Covalent and Noncovalent Bonds
Authors: Vial Laurent , Perret Florent , Leclaire Julien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDyn[n]arenes are the strict polydisulfide‐based analogues of pillar[n]arenes. Although less famous than their static homologues, these dynamic cavitands possess unique (stereo)chemical features. The disulfide bridge between monomeric units not only provides these architectures with constitutional lability but is also an additional stereogenic element. As a result, the covalent assembling process can be guided by supramolecular interactions with or without a targeted partner, enabling to decipher supramolecular at work from the synthetic stage. Not only can the size and functions be chosen on demand, but the stereochemical features can be precisely controlled by careful choice on the assembling conditions. Eventually, deciphering the interactions at work during self‐assembly opens the way toward innovative applications such as biomolecules sensing. This account describes the synergistic interplay between covalent and noncovalent bounds found in dyn[n]arenes.
Numerical simulation of the non‐Newtonian fracturing fluid influences on the fracture propagation
Authors: Wen Min , Huang Hui , Hou Zening , Wang Fei , Qiu Hao , Ma Nan , Zhou Shengtian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydraulic fracturing fracture propagation is the main factor affecting the fracturing effect. In view of the more diversified selection of fracturing fluid, the problem of fracture propagation in non‐Newtonian fluid fracturing is often encountered in fracturing. In this paper, the influencing factors of fracture propagation of non‐Newtonian fluid fracturing fluid are analyzed. Based on PKN model, a three‐dimensional fracture propagation model considering the rheology and filtration of fracturing fluid is established, the better fracture shape simulation results are given, and the effects of fluid properties, rock physical properties, and injection parameters on fracture propagation are analyzed in detail. The research shows that (1) in the process of fracture propagation, the fracture length and width gradually increase, and the corresponding pressure in the fracture also increases. The overall increase trend is that the growth is rapid in the initial stage of fracturing and gradually slows down in the later stage. (2) The greater the consistency coefficient and rheological index, the greater the fracture width and pressure in the fracture, and the easier it is to form wide fracture. The larger the filtration coefficient is, the weaker the fracture forming ability is, and the fracture width, length, and pressure in the fracture are reduced. (3) Rock physical properties have a certain influence on fracture propagation, Young's modulus has a great influence on fracture propagation, while Poisson's ratio has little influence on it. However, the larger the Young's modulus, the more difficult the fracture is to expand, and the smaller the corresponding fracture width. (4) The larger the pump injection rate, the larger the fracture size and the higher the pressure in the fracture. The model can provide a theoretical basis for fracturing design and fracture shape prediction.
River floodplain abandonment and channel deepening coincide with the onset of clear‐cut logging in a coastal California redwood forest
Authors: Chapman William A. L. , Finnegan Noah J. , Pfeiffer Allison M. , La Selle SeanPaul 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChanges in both land use and climate can alter the balance of transport capacity and sediment supply in rivers. Hence, the primary driver of recent incision or aggradation in alluvial channels is often unclear. The San Lorenzo River on the central coast of California is one location where both climate and land use—specifically, clear‐cut forestry of coastal redwoods—could explain recent vertical incision and floodplain abandonment. At our field site on the San Lorenzo, we estimate the magnitude of recent incision using both the ratio of bankfull to critical Shields numbers (
) and the geomorphically effective discharge, calculated from historical gauge data. The Shields number ratio suggests that the normalized bankfull stress of the San Lorenzo River is in the upper 1–2% of West Coast rivers, and the effective discharge corresponds to flow depths ~2–4 m below current bankfull conditions. Radiocarbon ages from detrital charcoal in floodplain sediment reveal active floodplain deposition during the 1600s and possibly into the 1800s, constraining the timing of incision to the last few centuries. Multiple hanging tributaries above the mainstem San Lorenzo River, along with patterns in vegetation on terrace surfaces, corroborate our estimates of the magnitude and timing of incision. Taken together, our findings suggest that floodplain abandonment in this reach was mainly due to methods employed during logging that increased shear stress on the channel bed and reduced sediment storage capacity. We suggest that direct channel modifications in rivers can counterbalance increases in sediment delivery due to clear‐cutting, resulting in channel incision rather than aggradation. Today, a young, lower surface appears to be forming adjacent to the San Lorenzo River, which we interpret as an incipient floodplain that is in equilibrium with modern sediment supply and transport capacity.
A timely (and timeless) blend of theory and practice: A commentary on Rowland and Spaniol (2021)
Authors: Bowman Gary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe integration of theory and practice is a significant aspect of modern academia. Prompted by Rowland and Spaniol's review and celebration of Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation, I reflect briefly on the impact of Kees van der Heijden and his contribution to the theoretical and practical development of scenario planning research.
Protective effect of astaxanthin on experimental ovarian damage in rats
Authors: Kükürt Abdulsamed , Karapehlivan Mahmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the protective effect of astaxanthin (AS) on 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NPA) induced experimental ovarian damage in rats. Thirty two female Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups of eight each: control group (C); phosphate‐buffered saline, AS group; AS (80 mg/kg) for 14 days, 3‐NPA group; 3‐NPA (6.25 mg/kg) twice a day for 7 days, 3‐NPA + AS group; administered AS (80 mg/kg) for 14 days and 3‐NPA (6.25 mg/kg) for 7 days. All injections were administered intraperitoneally. Rats were fed ad libitum with standard rat chow and tap water. Plasma and ovarian tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH), plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total sialic acid (TSA) and total thiol (TT) concentrations were analysed spectrophotometrically. Also, ovarian tissue histopathology was performed. We observed 3‐NPA‐induced histopathological ovarian damage significantly decreased the TAC (p < 0.001), GSH (p < 0.001), high‐density lipoprotein (p < 0.01) levels and PON1 activity (p < 0.01), and significantly increased TOC, OSI (p < 0.001), MDA, NO, TSA, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (p < 0.01) and triglyceride (p < 0.05) levels. In conclusion, cotreatment with AS restored the negative effect of 3‐NPA on all biochemical parameters cited above and improved the histopathological ovarian damage. Ovarian toxicity induced by 3‐NPA might be due to oxidative damage. The improvement of AS seems to be related to its antioxidant properties.
Arc‐disjoint in‐ and out‐branchings in digraphs of independence number at most 2
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Bessy Stéphane , Havet Frédéric , Yeo Anders 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe prove that every digraph of independence number at most 2 and arc‐connectivity at least 2 has an out‐branching and an in‐branching which are arc‐disjoint (we call such branchings a good pair). This is best possible in terms of the arc‐connectivity as there are infinitely many strong digraphs with independence number 2 and arbitrarily high minimum in‐ and out‐degrees that have no good pair. The result settles a conjecture by Thomassen for digraphs of independence number 2. We prove that every digraph on at most 6 vertices and arc‐connectivity at least 2 has a good pair and give an example of a 2‐arc‐strong digraph on 10 vertices with independence number 4 that has no good pair. We also show that there are infinitely many digraphs with independence number 7 and arc‐connectivity 2 that have no good pair. Finally we pose a number of open problems.
A counterstory of resistance: The professional identity development of Latinx doctoral students in counseling programs
Authors: Locke Anna Flores 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study applies a Latino Critical Race theoretical perspective to explore the role of White power and privilege on the professional identity developmental experiences of eight Latinx doctoral students in counseling programs. Three themes captured their counterstory: (a) being one of the few, (b) navigating professional identity, and (c) becoming a counselor educator. Implications aimed at retaining students of color and diversifying faculty are provided.
Mass spectrometry in art conservation—With focus on paintings
Authors: Smoluch Marek , Sobczyk Joanna , Szewczyk Ireneusz , Karaszkiewicz Pawel , Silberring Jerzy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConservation of historic artifacts has been a multidisciplinary field from its very beginning. Traditionally, it has been and still is associated with the history of art. It applies knowledge from technical and basic sciences, adapting their solutions to its goals. At present, however, a new tendency is clearly emerging—scientific research is starting to play an increasingly important role not only as a service, but also by proposing new solutions both in the traditional conservation areas and in new areas of conservation activities. The above trend opens up new perspectives for the field of preservation of our heritage but may also create new threats. Therefore, the conservators' caution in introducing new technologies should always be justified; after all, they are responsible for the effects of any activities on the historic objects. This, quite selective review, discusses application of mass spectrometry techniques for the detection of various components that are important to the conservators of our heritage with particular focus on paintings. The text also contains some basic knowledge of technical details to introduce the methodology to a broader group of professionals.
Theoretical analysis of wavelength modulation laser heterodyne spectroscopy
Authors: Cao Ya‐nan , Cheng Gang , Tian Xing , Liu Cheng‐jing , Wang Jing‐jing , Yang Hong‐tao , Zhang Yu , Peng Fei‐yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive theory for wavelength modulation laser heterodyne spectroscopy is presented. Some necessary simplifications based on the Taylor series are introduced, the general formulas employed to demodulate the first harmonic signal (1f), the second harmonic signal (2f), and higher harmonic signal (nf) are derived in details, and hence the formulas are suitable for an arbitrary intensity modulation amplitude and modulation index. The purpose of this paper: an overview of how the laser heterodyne harmonic signal depends on the experimental parameters of intensity modulation amplitude and modulation index is reported. This overview is helpful to choose these parameters for the best laser heterodyne harmonic signal because it initiated a new pathway for systematically analyzing the relationships between the experimental parameters and the laser heterodyne harmonic signal.
Combinatorial effects of azacitidine and trametinib on NRAS‐mutated melanoma
Authors: Hanft Klara‐Maria , Hamed Ebrahem , Kaiser Max , Würtemberger Julia , Schneider Michaela , Pietsch Torsten , Feige Ursula , Meiss Frank , Krengel Sven , Niemeyer Charlotte , Hettmer Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCongenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) syndrome represents a mosaic RASopathy, typically caused by postzygotic NRAS codon 61 mutations, which originate in ectodermal precursor cells and result in melanocyte deposits in the skin and central nervous system (CNS). Affected patients are prone to develop uniformly fatal melanomas in the skin and CNS. Here, we report the case of a 2.7‐year‐old male with CMN syndrome, diffuse leptomeningeal melanosis and CNS melanoma, who underwent experimental therapy with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacitidine in combination with the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib with exceptional clinical and radiological response. Response to combination therapy appeared to be more durable than the treatment response observed in several other severely affected patients treated with trametinib for late‐stage disease. Correspondingly, concomitant exposure to trametinib and azacitidine prevented development of trametinib resistance in NRAS‐mutated human melanoma cells in vitro. Also, azacitidine was shown to inhibit growth and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation of melanoma cells and act synergistically with trametinib to inhibit the growth of trametinib‐resistant melanoma cells. These observations suggest that azacitidine enhances trametinib monotherapy and may represent a promising candidate drug for combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in RAS‐driven diseases.
The impact of personality disorders and personality traits on psychotherapy treatment outcome of eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Simpson Susan , Azam Fatima , Brown SiennaMarisa , Hronis Anastasia , Brockman Robert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA significant proportion of those with eating disorders (EDs) do not respond to first‐line treatments. This systematic review was conducted to identify whether personality disorders (PDs)/traits predict or moderate ED treatment outcomes and whether these outcomes were differentially influenced by ED or PD diagnostic subtypes, or treatment approach. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. A total of seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) plus four follow‐up studies were reviewed investigating the impact of PD and PD traits on treatment outcomes for EDs. The majority indicated that PD had some impact on treatment outcomes. Outcome measures and time‐point measurements varied across studies. Included studies suggested that bulimia nervosa treatment outcomes were not hindered by co‐morbidity of borderline PD; however, psychiatric impairment remained high at post‐treatment and follow‐up. Cluster C PDs were found to negatively impact treatment outcomes for binge ED and attrition rates for anorexia nervosa. Included studies suggested that interventions that addressed aspects of personality pathology showed greater main effects for ED treatment outcomes. There is an urgent need for future RCTs on ED treatments to include routine measures of core personality features to allow their impacts to be more thoroughly examined and for psychotherapies to be tailored accordingly.
Directionally In Situ Self‐Assembled, High‐Density, Macropore‐Oriented, CoP‐Impregnated, 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbon Sheet Nanostructure for Superior Electrocatalysis in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Fei Yang , Chen Jie , Pan Yixiang , Yuan Weiyong , Zhang Lian Ying , Guo Chun Xian , Li Chang Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract3D ZIF‐67‐particles‐impregnated cellulose‐nanofiber nanosheets with oriented macropores are synthesized via directional‐freezing‐assisted in situ self‐assembly, and converted to 3D CoP‐nanoparticle (NP)‐embedded hierarchical, but macropores‐oriented, N‐doped carbon nanosheets via calcination and phosphidation. The obtained nanoarchitecture delivers overpotentials at 10 and 50 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 82.1 and 113.4 mV and 40.8 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4, and of 97.1 and 136.6 mV and 51.2 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH, all of which are superior to those of the most reported non‐noble‐metal‐based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. This catalyst even surpasses commercial Pt/C for a much lower overpotential at high current densities, which is essential for large‐scale hydrogen production. Its catalytic activity can be further optimized to become one of the best in both 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M KOH. The outstanding catalytic activity is ascribed to the uniformly‐dispersed small CoP NPs in the 3D carbon sheets and the hierarchical nanostructure with rich oriented pores. This work develops a facile, economical, and universal self‐assembly strategy to fabricate uniquely nanostructured hybrids to simultaneously promote charge transfer and mass transport, and also offers an inexpensive and high‐performance HER catalyst toward industry‐scale water splitting.
Antimicrobial Starch‐Based Film for Food Packaging Application
Authors: Romainor Ain Nadirah , Chin Suk Fun , Lihan Samuel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSago starch (Metroxylan sago) modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporated with citric acid as an antimicrobial agent at the optimized ratio of 5:8:15 (%, w v–1) for starch: PVA: citric acid is synthesized. The starch‐citrate film presents antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic food borne bacteria Salmonella thypimurium (S. thypimurium), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (O157:H7), and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and food fungus Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp. The studies showed that 98–99% of food borne bacteria growth and 87–99% of fungal growth can be inhibited. Qualitative assessment of food shelf‐life reveals that the starch‐citrate film is more efficient to inhibit the microbial growth in cake and bread samples compared to commercial food wrappers, as the film can extend the shelf‐life of the food products (10 days for cake and 40 days for bread). The potential application of this starch‐citrate film as antimicrobial and eco‐friendly bio‐based food packaging application is therefore demonstrated.
The Reality of Digital Travel
Authors: Tjostheim Ingvar , Waterworth John A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is the experience that counts, there and then. When a person talks about the experience, he or she can also reflect on and interpret the experience. In this chapter we use findings from empirical studies and surveys to write about the subjective reality of digital travel. We discussed the theoretical foundation for why we can have the feeling of being there (and what we referred to as the Spinozan model of perception) in Chapters 2 and 3. The first studies we report are on factors affecting the sense of place experience, and telepresence, using video games to create a sightseeing environment for participants. The second study is a survey of citizens on the topic of vacation planning, digital travel applications before, during and after visiting a tourist destination.
Another Proof of Born’s Rule on Arbitrary Cauchy Surfaces
Authors: Lill Sascha , Tumulka Roderich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 2017, Lienert and Tumulka proved Born’s rule on arbitrary Cauchy surfaces in Minkowski space-time assuming Born’s rule and a corresponding collapse rule on horizontal surfaces relative to a fixed Lorentz frame, as well as a given unitary time evolution between any two Cauchy surfaces, satisfying that there is no interaction faster than light and no propagation faster than light. Here, we prove Born’s rule on arbitrary Cauchy surfaces from a different, but equally reasonable, set of assumptions. The conclusion is that if detectors are placed along any Cauchy surface $$\Sigma $$
Σ
, then the observed particle configuration on $$\Sigma $$
Σ
is a random variable with distribution density $$|\Psi _\Sigma |^2$$

|

Ψ
Σ

|

2

, suitably understood. The main different assumption is that the Born and collapse rules hold on any spacelike hyperplane, i.e., at any time coordinate in any Lorentz frame. Heuristically, this follows if the dynamics of the detectors is Lorentz invariant.
Preemptive local analgesia at vaginal hysterectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Taumberger Nadja , Schütz Anna-Maria , Jeitler Klaus , Siebenhofer Andrea , Simonis Holger , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar , Laky Rene , Tamussino Karl 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
We conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of local preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain control in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched systematically to identify eligible studies published through September 25, 2019. Only randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews addressing local preemptive analgesia compared to placebo at vaginal hysterectomy were considered. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Results were compared, and disagreement was resolved by discussion. Forty-seven studies met inclusion criteria for full-text review. Four RCTs, including a total of 197 patients, and two SRs were included in the review.

Results
Preemptive local analgesia reduced postoperative pain scores up to 6 h and postoperative opioid requirements in the first 24 h after surgery.

Conclusion
Preemptive local analgesia at vaginal hysterectomy results in less postoperative pain and less postoperative opioid consumption.
Reference phantom selection in pediatric computed tomography using data from a large, multicenter registry
Authors: Chu Philip W. , Yu Sophronia , Wang Yifei , Seibert J. Anthony , Cervantes Luisa F. , Kasraie Nima , Chu Cameron A. , Smith-Bindman Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Radiation dose metrics vary by the calibration reference phantom used to report doses. By convention, 16-cm diameter cylindrical polymethyl-methacyrlate phantoms are used for head imaging and 32-cm diameter phantoms are used for body imaging in adults. Actual usage patterns in children remain under-documented.

Objective
This study uses the University of California San Francisco International CT Dose Registry to describe phantom selection in children by patient age, body region and scanner manufacturer, and the consequent impact on radiation doses.

Materials and methods
For 106,837 pediatric computed tomography (CT) exams collected between Jan. 1, 2015, and Nov. 2, 2020, in children up to 17 years of age from 118 hospitals and imaging facilities, we describe reference phantom use patterns by body region, age and manufacturer, and median and 75th-percentile dose–length product (DLP) and volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) doses when using 16-cm vs. 32-cm phantoms.

Results
There was relatively consistent phantom selection by body region. Overall, 98.0% of brain and skull examinations referenced 16-cm phantoms, and 95.7% of chest, 94.4% of abdomen and 100% of cervical-spine examinations referenced 32-cm phantoms. Only GE deviated from this practice, reporting chest and abdomen scans using 16-cm phantoms with some frequency in children up to 10 years of age. DLP and CTDIvol values from 16-cm phantom-referenced scans were 2–3 times higher than 32-cm phantom-referenced scans.

Conclusion

Reference phantom selection is highly consistent, with a small but significant number of abdomen and chest scans (~5%) using 16-cm phantoms in younger children, which produces DLP values approximately twice as high as exams referenced to 32-cm phantoms