bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory and physical characteristics of foods that impact food intake without affecting acceptability: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Appleton Katherine M. , Newbury Annie , Almiron‐Roig Eva , Yeomans Martin R. , Brunstrom Jeffrey M. , de Graaf Kees , Geurts Lucie , Kildegaard Heidi , Vinoy Sophie 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis systematic review with meta‐analyses aimed to identify the sensory and physical characteristics of foods/beverages which increase satiation and/or decrease/delay subsequent consumption without affecting acceptability. Systematic searches were first undertaken to identify review articles investigating the effects of any sensory and physical food characteristic on food intake. These articles provided some evidence that various textural parameters (aeration, hardness, homogeneity, viscosity, physical form, added water) can impact food intake. Individual studies investigating these effects while also investigating acceptability were then assessed. Thirty‐seven individual studies investigated a textural manipulation and provided results on food intake and acceptability, 13 studies (27 comparisons, 898 participants) investigated effects on satiation, and 29 studies (54 comparisons, 916 participants) investigated effects on subsequent intake. Meta‐analyses of within‐subjects comparisons (random‐effects models) demonstrated greater satiation (less weight consumed) from food products that were harder, chunkier, more viscous, voluminous, and/or solid, while demonstrating no effects on acceptability. Textural parameters had limited effects on subsequent consumption. Between‐subjects studies and sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. These findings provide some evidence that textural parameters can increase satiation without affecting acceptability. The development of harder, chunkier, more viscous, voluminous, and/or solid food/beverage products may be of value in reducing overconsumption.
Fluid balance management during continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Prowle John , Mehta Ravindra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn critically ill patients, particularly in the setting of shock and sepsis volume management frequently results in a fluid overloaded state, requiring diuresis or intervention with renal replacement therapy. Achieving appropriate volume management requires knowledge of the underlying cardiovascular pathophysiology and careful evaluation of intravascular and extravascular volume status. In the presence of a failing kidney, fluid removal is often a challenge. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) techniques offer a significant advantage over intermittent dialysis for fluid control, however, any form of RRT in the critically ill patient requires careful attention to prescription and monitoring to avoid complications. In order to utilize these therapies for their maximum potential it is necessary to understand which factors influence fluid balance and have an understanding of the principles and kinetics of fluid removal with extra‐corporeal techniques.
Sedimentary processes at the mouth of a tidally‐influenced delta: New insights from submarine observatory measurements, Fraser Delta, Canada
Authors: Hill Philip R. , Lintern D. Gwyn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper examines particle settling dynamics in a tidally‐influenced delta, including observations of convective settling, strongly modulated by seasonal discharge and tidal cycles. Long time series of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler backscatter, a proxy for suspended sediment concentration in the water column, current and sediment accumulation measurements from the slope of the Fraser River delta show variability of sedimentary processes over timescales from semi‐diurnal to annual. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler backscatter shows a lagged response to river discharge and strong diurnal/semi‐diurnal variability. Most of the tidal cycle is characterized by a buoyant effluent plume. During the ebbing phase of diurnal major tides, discrete settling events are observed extending through the entire water column. The pulse‐like nature of these events is the result of downward plunging fingers characteristic of convective settling, similar to those observed in laboratory flume experiments, and appear to be initiated at the interface between the surface buoyant plume and the underlying ambient water. Currents show strong variability in a three‐layer water column. The surface plume shows offshore and southward directed transport of sediments. The remaining water column is influenced by tidal flows, but near surface and intermediate water‐depth currents are out of phase by several hours, indicating a stratification of the basin water and decoupled propagation of surface and internal tides. This phase lag is unlikely to cause discernible facies changes, but may have implications for basin‐fill patterns in restricted basins with strong tidal range. The results of this work will help to better understand river mouth sedimentation processes and dispersal patterns in other modern deltas and in the geological record.
Computing geographical access to services: The design of a client–server solution that incorporates multiple transport modes
Authors: Price Andrew , Langford Mitchel , Higgs Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study describes the design and implementation of a web‐based infrastructure built on open‐source components to enable the computation of accessibility scores. It can be adapted to any form of service provision that is represented as geo‐located points. The solution aims to extend previous attempts to measure and analyse geographical accessibility in a web‐based environment. This design integrates a new approach for generating the variables required in calculating accessibility scores, while allowing the whole system to potentially remain as an open‐source and open‐data solution. The design allows accessibility scores to be computed using simultaneously both public and private transport modes, thus presenting a more accurate assessment than that obtained from standard single‐mode solutions. The infrastructure is described through a consideration of each fundamental component, demonstrating how travel distances and alternative journeys are generated and applied to the accessibility model. Results produced by the solution enable the comparison of accessibility scores generated from alternative modes of transport and are illustrated using a case study to investigate access to sports facilities in Wales. This demonstrates how the system can be used to guide further investment and the future management of service infrastructure.
Trade agreements and Latin American trade (creation and diversion) and welfare
Authors: El Dahrawy Sánchez‐Albornoz Ayman , Timini Jacopo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study analyses the process of economic integration in Latin America. Making use of a structural gravity model and including intra‐national trade flows, this paper provides an ex‐post assessment of the effect of the trade agreements (TAs) signed by Latin American countries on international trade. We account for the last wave of TAs proliferation and estimate treaty‐level effects. On average, TAs had a positive effect on Latin American trade. This holds true for both intra‐Latin American agreements and agreements between Latin American countries and the Rest‐of‐the‐World (RoW). However, we unveil that these average estimates cover a substantial degree of heterogeneity across TAs. Additionally, we quantify ex‐ante general equilibrium effects on the trade volumes and welfare of Latin American countries under different scenarios of deeper trade integration and disintegration.
When morphology does not match phylogeny: The puzzling case of two sibling nudibranchs (Gastropoda)
Authors: Furfaro Giulia , Salvi Daniele , Trainito Egidio , Vitale Fabio , Mariottini Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpecies delimitation is particularly challenging in Mediterranean nudibranchs because morphological distinction between closely related species is subtle and several cryptic species have been discovered. In this study, we apply an integrative approach to investigate taxonomic distinction of Flabellina cavolini and F. gaditana and assess their genetic and morphologic distinction. We combined a comprehensive phylogeographic survey from across their distribution range and compared genetic variation at mitochondrial and nuclear markers with the variation in colour pattern of cerata that is used to discriminate these two species. Phylogenetic, phylogeographic and species delimitation analyses consistently identify two evolutionary and taxonomic units that do not match with the morphospecies, demonstrating that Flabellina cavolini and F. gaditana are indeed two cryptic, closely related, species and that colour pattern of cerata is not a valid diagnostic character. This study emphasizes how the comparison of range‐wide patterns of phylogenetic and morphological variation, with the inclusion of samples from the type localities, is essential for species delimitation of Mediterranean nudibranchs. Moreover, this study demonstrates the occurrence of Flabellina gaditana in the Mediterranean Sea, allowing to extend the known distribution range of the species, that was previously restricted to the eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as increasing our inventory of Mediterranean nudibranch diversity.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss in a Two-Pass, Rectangular Channel Featuring a Reduced Cross-Sectional Area After the 180-Deg Tip Turn With Different Turning Vane Configurations
Authors: Alsaleem Sulaiman M. , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Serpentine, multi-pass cooling passages are used in cooling advanced gas turbine blades. In the open literature, most internal cooling studies use a fixed cross-sectional area for multi-pass channels. Studies that use varying aspect ratio channels, along with a guide vane to direct the flow with turning, are scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of using different guide vane designs on both detailed heat transfer distribution and pressure loss in a multi-pass channel with an aspect ratio of (4:1) in the entry passage and (2:1) in the second passage downstream of the vane(s). The first vane configuration is one solid vane with a semi-circular cross section connecting the two flow passages. The second configuration has three broken vanes with a quarter-circular cross section; two broken vanes are located downstream in the first passage, and one broken vane is upstream in the second passage. Detailed heat transfer distributions were obtained on all surfaces within the flow passages by using a transient liquid crystal method. Results show that including the semi-circular vane in the turning region enhanced the overall heat transfer by around 29% with a reduction in pressure loss by around 20%. Moreover, results show that the quarter-circular vane design provides higher overall averaged heat transfer enhancement than the semi-circular vane design by around 9% with penalty of higher pressure drop by 6%, which yields higher thermal performance by 7%, over a Reynolds number range from 15,000 to 45,000.
Genset Scheduling in a Redundant Electric Power System for an Offshore Vessel Using Mixed Integer Linear Programming
Authors: Thorat Laxminarayan , Skjetne Roger , Osen Ottar L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes several schemes for optimal scheduling of power producers in a shipboard power system for a typical offshore supply vessel, having a multiple number of possibly varying capacity gensets. The proposed scheduling methods are illustrated using four alternative power system configurations, ranging from a few large gensets to many gensets of smaller ratings. Mixed integer linear programming is used to formulate the optimization problems. Three formulations are presented: one for minimizing online capacity without further objectives, one that includes a redundancy constraint for loosing a group of gensets (to account for a worst-case failure scenario), and one to also balance running hours and minimizing connect/disconnect of the gensets. These different objectives can be combined and weighted based on importance, with or without redundancy constraints. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the properties of the three different scheduling methods. The first method, minimizing online capacity only, is also used to illustrate the differences between the four genset configurations. This shows, for instance, that using more small gensets ensures generally a lower online available power (the connected capacity matches better the prevailing load) and near optimal loading of each genset around 80% (assuming equal loadsharing), at the same time as resilience to genset failures is preserved.
Numerical Studies on Drag Reduction of An Axisymmetric Body of Revolution With Antiturbulence Surface
Authors: Panda J. P. , Warrior H. V. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents numerical studies on the drag evolution of an axisymmetric body of revolution with microgrooves using Reynolds stress model-based computational fluid dynamics simulations. Experimental data of drag evolution along the non-grooved body were used to validate the numerical model predictions. After validation of the model predictions, a series of numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of toroidal grooving of the axisymmetric body on the drag evolution by varying the depth to the surface radius of the grooves at different Reynolds numbers. A maximum drag reduction of 43% was achieved with such effort. This was possible because of the drastic reduction of turbulent shear stress in the boundary layer, which has a direct relationship with the skin friction drag evolution along the body.
Thermal Spray Coating on Polymeric Composite for De-Icing and Anti-Icing Applications
Authors: Rahimi Alireza , Hojjati Mehdi , Dolatabadi Ali , Moreau Christian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper reports a novel method for fabrication of an electro-thermal heating element, as de-icer or anti-icer, for the polymer-based composites. The plasma spray technique was utilized for the deposition of a Nickel-Chrome-Aluminum-Yttrium (NiCrAlY) coating layer as a heating element on top of the glass/epoxy composite. To improve the adhesion strength and deposition efficiency of the coatings and to protect the composite fibers during grit blasting and spraying, a woven wire stainless steel mesh was added to the composite substrates during the composite fabrication process. Metal mesh will act as an anchor to keep the coating on the surface. Two types of woven wire and two types of NiCrAlY powder with the fine and coarse particle size distributions were used. Good processing parameters for grit blasting and plasma spraying are identified. It is found that the surface modification method applied to the composite substrates prior to the coating process makes a significant improvement in the coating thickness uniformity and deposition efficiency. Several tests were conducted on the coated samples for determination of their mechanical and electrical properties. Using flatwise tensile tests, it is shown that application of proper surface modification method and set of spray parameters could result in improving the coating bonding strength significantly. The electrical and thermal analyses of the coated samples are also performed. It is shown that the coated samples have a high capability in the generation of heat and can be used as a heating element.
A Flow Information-Based Prediction Model Applied to the Nonaxisymmetric Hub Optimization of a Centrifugal Impeller
Authors: Ji Cheng , Wang Zhiheng , Tang Yonghong , Xi Guang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A full-range prediction model for turbomachinery based on the flow-field information code is established in this article to solve the problems that traditional models do not have enough prediction accuracy and cannot reflect the complete performance characteristics of the impeller. The model, which can predict the complete performance curve of the impeller with higher accuracy, consists of two multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) submodels. Different from the traditional model, the ANN submodel uses the flow-field information code for pretraining layer by layer. The flow-field information code is the characteristic information extracted from the impeller flow field through the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. By implicitly learning the flow-field information, the prediction error of the model is reduced by 29.7% compared with the single hidden layer ANN. Based on this model, the nonaxisymmetric, but periodic, hub optimization of a centrifugal impeller with 30 variables is carried out, with the goals of the higher efficiency and the wider flow range at the specified pressure ratio and the massflow rate at the design point. The result shows that, after the optimization, the isentropic efficiency at the design point increases by 1% and the flow range increases by 2% compared to the baseline.
Unique diagnostic signatures of concussion in the saliva of male athletes: the Study of Concussion in Rugby Union through MicroRNAs (SCRUM)
Authors: Di Pietro Valentina , O'Halloran Patrick , Watson Callum N , Begum Ghazala , Acharjee Animesh , Yakoub Kamal M , Bentley Conor , Davies David J , Iliceto Paolo , Candilera Gabriella , Menon David K , Cross Matthew J , Stokes Keith A , Kemp Simon PT , Belli Antonio 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of salivary small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in the diagnosis of sport-related concussion.MethodsSaliva was obtained from male professional players in the top two tiers of England’s elite rugby union competition across two seasons (2017–2019). Samples were collected preseason from 1028 players, and during standardised head injury assessments (HIAs) at three time points (in-game, post-game, and 36–48 hours post-game) from 156 of these. Samples were also collected from controls (102 uninjured players and 66 players sustaining a musculoskeletal injury). Diagnostic sncRNAs were identified with next generation sequencing and validated using quantitative PCR in 702 samples. A predictive logistic regression model was built on 2017–2018 data (training dataset) and prospectively validated the following season (test dataset).ResultsThe HIA process confirmed concussion in 106 players (HIA+) and excluded this in 50 (HIA−). 32 sncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed across these two groups, with let-7f-5p showing the highest area under the curve (AUC) at 36–48 hours. Additionally, a combined panel of 14 sncRNAs (let-7a-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-34b-3p, RNU6-7, RNU6-45, Snora57, snoU13.120, tRNA18Arg-CCT, U6-168, U6-428, U6-1249, Uco22cjg1,YRNA_255) could differentiate concussed subjects from all other groups, including players who were HIA− and controls, immediately after the game (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1) and 36–48 hours later (AUC 0.94, 95% CI 0.86 to 1). When prospectively tested, the panel confirmed high predictive accuracy (AUC 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1 post-game and AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.86 to 1 at 36–48 hours).ConclusionsSCRUM, a large prospective observational study of non-invasive concussion biomarkers, has identified unique signatures of concussion in saliva of male athletes diagnosed with concussion.
Fidelity of primary care nurses’ delivery of a behavioural change intervention enhancing physical activity in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: an observational study
Authors: Westland Heleen , Trappenburg Jaap C A , Schuurmans Marieke J , Zonneveld Michelle H , Schröder Carin D 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the fidelity of delivery of a nurse-led intervention to enhance physical activity in patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases, the Activate intervention, by assessing: (1) self-reported fidelity of delivery; (2) observed fidelity of delivery; (3) quality of delivery of the Activate intervention and (4) nurses’ beliefs about their capability, motivation, confidence and effectiveness towards delivering the Activate intervention, including behavioural change techniques.DesignAn observational study.SettingGeneral practices in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPrimary care nurses (n=20) from 16 general practices.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNurses’ self-reported fidelity was evaluated using checklists (n=282), and the observed fidelity and quality of delivery were examined using audiorecordings of consultations of the delivery of the Activate intervention (n=42). Nurses’ beliefs towards delivering the intervention were assessed using questionnaires (n=72).ResultsThe self-reported fidelity was 88.1% and observed fidelity was 85.4%, representing high fidelity. The observed fidelity of applied behavioural change techniques was moderate (75.0%). The observed quality of delivery was sufficient and varied among nurses (mean 2.9; SD 4.4; range 0–4). Nurses’ beliefs about their capability, motivation, confidence and effectiveness towards delivering the intervention increased over time.ConclusionsNurses delivered most intervention components as intended with sufficient quality. Nurses believed they were capable, motivated and confident to deliver the intervention. They believed the intervention was effective to increase patients’ physical activity level. Despite the high fidelity and moderate fidelity of applied behavioural change techniques, the varying quality of delivery within and across nurses might have diluted the effectiveness of the Activate intervention.Trial registration numberNCT02725203.