bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Anatomy Dissection Lab Environment Combining Physical Dissection with Digital Dissector and Real‐Time Video Display
Authors: Khan M. A. , Matz Donald G. , Canby Craig A. , Dyche William J. , Hisley K. Calvin 
Published: June 2021

Current trends in the use of clinical medical imaging will demand increasing integration of 2D and 3D visual cadaver dissection media and correlated radiological material into the gross anatomy curricula. In addition, increasing class size and the technical sophistication of incoming students necessitates an efficient and well‐organized delivery of dissection‐based anatomical education.Des Moines University's gross anatomy lab can accommodate 215 students. Each dissection table is a two‐sided operational unit where one student “navigates” for the other four dissectors by tracking and coordinating their work on a table‐side computer and a wall mounted monitor.Dissection sessions begin with a live, streaming video demonstration displayed on the student monitors at each dissection table. An instructor uses a cadaver to provide live demonstration of the dissection via an adjacent video control room that contains a camera mounted on a surgical boom. Students are then able to use a server‐based digital dissector with hot‐linked structures already pre‐programmed to appear at the students prompting. They are thus able to have immediate table‐side access to both text and atlas‐based visual images to guide them during their dissection exercises. This design allows the application of a vast range of text and visual materials displayed simultaneously and individually to 40 tables.
Follow‐up Data on Selective Indicators for Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among African Americans
Authors: Dawkins Norma L , Pace Ralphenia Diggs 
Published: June 2021

Dietary and lifestyle changes are important in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Macon County the death rate from CVD in 2004 was 395 per 100,000 was higher than the state (377.5) as well as the national average (336.6). The objective of this study was to determine the sustained effectiveness of the twelve‐week Tuskegee University Nutrition Outreach Program (TUNOP). After the 3 month program ended, participants were evaluated again six months later.Biological indicators and food frequency consumption were collected on 58 participants. The six‐month evaluation determined if there was continued adherence to the TUNOP procedure after the 3 month intervention which was designed to decrease CVD risk factors.Results indicated that lipid values decreased significantly (P≤ 0.01) from 207.79 mg/dl to 176.01mg/dl for total cholesterol and LDL‐C from 122.26mg/dl to 104.53mg/dl (P≤ 0.01). HDL‐C decreased from 59.48 to 53.58 mg/dl, and weight remained constant while blood pressure increased. A significant increase in dietary intake was observed for beans, peas, tofu and soy products. In contrast, significant decreases (P≤ 0.05) were observed with the frequency of consumption of ice cream, meats, sweets, salty snacks and soda pop. Therefore, continued reduction in selective biological and dietary indicators for cardiovascular disease risk suggest that adherence to recommendations for improved diet and lifestyle changes did reduce CVD risk among these participants.
Fructan supplementation affects nitrogen partitioning in excreta and stool metabolite concentrations in healthy senior cats
Authors: Barry Kathleen Ann , Hernot David C. , Loo Jan Van , Fahey George C. 
Published: June 2021

Inulin‐type fructan (ITF) supplementation was evaluated in senior (≥ 9 y) cats to determine nitrogen (N) partitioning in excreta and stool metabolite concentrations. One of two ITF‐based supplements (oligofructose or SynergyC, an experimental blend of short and long chain ITF) was added to a commercially available wet cat food with low intrinsic fiber content at 1% on a dry weight basis. All cats were fed the diet without supplemental ITF for 7 d, after which cats were assigned to one of three treatment groups for 21 d. Total feces and urine excreted were collected from the cats on d 6–7 (baseline) and d 22–28 (treatment). No differences were observed in food intake; fecal output, dry matter percentage, or score; fecal or urinary ammonia output; or N retention. Supplemental ITF decreased (P < 0.05) N digestibility and fecal histamine, spermidine, and indole concentrations. Supplementation with SynergyC increased (P < 0.10) fecal propionate concentration. While not statistically significant, a numerical decrease in urinary N content was observed in ITF‐supplemented cats. Decreased apparent N digestibility was likely due to an increase in microbial protein synthesis in ITF‐supplemented cats. ITF supplementation may be beneficial to the senior cat as a result of its ability to modulate N concentration in excreta and decrease odor‐ and disease‐causing metabolites in feces.This work was sponsored by BENEO‐Orafti.
Herbal education is reasonable and necessary for Food Stamp program participants
Authors: Lohse Barbara Ann , Rifkin Robin , Stotts Jodi L , Cooper Rayna G 
Published: June 2021

Previous research revealed widespread use of herbals by caregivers and children attending the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).1This project developed a technology‐based herbal program for WIC clinics and examined participant response. Information about 5 most frequently used herbs 1 (garlic, peppermint, ginger, Echinacea, cranberries) formed the basis of a program delivered by digital photo receiver (DPR). WIC staff and target audience helped develop the herbal DPR program and materials for recruitment and assessment. Prior to planned statewide dissemination, responses from 282 (N=26 male) WIC clients (78.6% < 36 years) attending 2 urban and 2 rural clinics were examined. Only 27.3% had no experience with herbal use for themselves or their children; 47.5% were current herbal users. The herbal program was useful for 98.5% and liked by 93.2%; a take away information card was useful for 93.8%. Food Stamp program (FSP) participation was reported by 37.3%; participation increased to 56.4% when including prior food stamp use. FSP participation was associated (P=.04) with current herbal use; 52.5% of FSP participants used herbals compared to 40.2% for persons never participating in FSP. Child mean herbal use was higher with FSP experience (1.26 ±1.28 vs. 0.82 ± 1.26 herbals; P=.004). A trend for FSP participants to learn new information from the DPR herbal program (82.1% vs. 73.5% for non‐FSP; P=.09) combined with widespread herbal use suggests herbal education for FSP participants is reasonable and necessary.Funded by the Pennsylvania Nutrition Education Tracks, a part of USDA's Food Stamp Program.
Low birth weight is associated with increased lean body mass in healthy children and adolescents.
Authors: Hoffman Daniel , Toro‐Ramos Tatiana , Dolan Meredith 
Published: June 2021

Previous studies have reported that persons born with a low birth weight for gestational age (LBW) are at an increased risk for obesity. However, most studies have relied on the Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) to assess obesity and estimate adiposity. Therefore, to better understand the relationship between body composition and birth weight adjusted for gestational age (BWTadj), we completed a study in which body composition was measured using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry and birth weight was assessed by maternal recall.The study sample consisted of 101 children with a mean age of 12.8 years, BWT of 3.3 kg, and gestational age 38 weeks. Using backward linear regression analyses, BWT was found to be inversely associated with LBM, independent of the covariates age, Tanner stage , height2, current body weight (WT), race, and gender. Two models were created with the following main results: 1) LBM = −7.4 + −1.7*BWTadj (p=0.024), independent of covariates (R2=0.94); and 2) LBM adjusted for WT = −9.3 + −3.2*BWTadj (p=0.006), independent of covariates (R2=0.40).Based on our data, we report that that a LBW is associated with higher LBM relative to body weight and height and may explain previously observed associations between LBW and increased BMI.Funding was provided by the Busch Biomedical Foundation and in part by NIH/NIA grant number P01 AG10120.
Birth weight, childhood BMI and the risk of stroke in adulthood among 191,163 Danish schoolchildren
Authors: Baker Jennifer Lyn , Olsen Lina W. , Truelsen Thomas , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Larger body size in childhood raises the risk of CHD in adulthood. We expanded on this and investigated if birth weight and childhood BMI from the ages of 7–13y were associated with an increased risk of stroke in adulthood.Methods: Subjects were 97,391 boys and 93,772 girls born from 1936–1976 in the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. BMI values were calculated and transformed to z scores. Stroke events were obtained from Danish Hospital and Cause of Death Registers. Cox regressions were performed.Results: Among boys, birth weight was associated with stroke in adulthood. Compared to boys in the reference category (3251–3750g) those in the lowest (2000–2750g) had a relative risk (RR) of 1.37 (95%CI: 1.22–1.55) of stroke. BMI at 13y was associated with stroke in boys; compared to those with a z score in the reference category (−0.25–0.25) boys with a z‐score >= 0.75 had a RR of 1.11 (95%CI: 1.02–1.21). Similar results were observed for girls. Adjustment for birth weight strengthened these associations.Conclusions: Birth weight and childhood BMI have independent associations with stroke in adulthood. These results suggest that although some risk of stroke is already present at birth, childhood body size also matters. As it is amenable to intervention, there still remain preventive possibilities.Supported by: NIH NRSA 1F32DK070491 (to JLB) & Danish National Research Foundation
The Association Between Acculturation and Obesity in Hispanic Women: Findings from the 2005 California Women's Health Survey
Authors: Banna Jinan Corinne , Kaiser Lucia , Townsend Marilyn 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the relation of acculturation with obesity in Hispanic women in California.Methods: We analyzed data from Hispanic women 18 years of age and older (n=1298) from the 2005 California Women's Health Survey (CWHS).Results: Participants had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.6 ± 5.9; over 50% of the sample was classified as overweight (BMI 25–29.9) or obese (BMI ≥30). There was no association between BMI and language acculturation, nor was there a significant difference in BMI between those born in the U.S. and those born elsewhere. For those born outside of the U.S., however, there was a significant association between BMI and years spent in the U.S. (p<.0001), with those classified as overweight or obese having spent more time in the U.S. Of those who had lived in the U.S. <5 years, 19% had a BMI ≥30, compared to 34% of those who had lived in the U.S. >20 years.Conclusions: These findings show a positive association between length of time in the U.S. and BMI in foreign‐born Hispanic females. Language use and birthplace, however, were not associated with BMI. The way in which acculturation is measured may affect study results and should be considered. Study findings indicate the need for further investigation of the acculturation process and obesity in order to design appropriate prevention strategies.Supported by the Jastro Shields Graduate Research Scholarship.
Prenatal and postnatal factors associated with high weight retention in young Mexican women
Authors: Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , Ramakrishna Usha , Neufeld Lynnette M 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to explore prenatal and postnatal factors associated with weight retention (WR) at 3 months postpartum (pp) in Mexican women. Women were recruited as part of a randomized supplementation trial < 26 wks of pregnancy and followed to 3 m pp. We studied 415 women. Weight gain (WG) and weight retention were calculated from recruitment to each follow‐up period, representing an underestimation of true weight change. High WR at 3 m pp was defined as > 2.2 kg. Mean age at recruitment was 27.4±5.8 y, gestational age 20.7±5.7 wks. At 3 m pp, mean WR was −0.1±4.0 kg, and 25% of women had high WR. Nearly 40% of women were overweight (25.0–29.9) and 21% obese (&#8805;30) at 3 m pp. Compared to women with lower WR, women with high WR were younger, had higher WG in the second half of pregnancy, had higher WG from the 1st to 3rd m pp and were more sedentary. In multivariate analysis, every kg of WG during pregnancy and from 1 to 3 mo pp, the risk of having a high WR increases by 43% (95% CI 1.3–1.6) and 66% (95% CI 1.4–1.9), respectively. The risk of having a high WR increased for every hour of sitting in the day by 13% (95% CI 1.001–1.3). The results of this study underscore the importance of appropriate WG during pregnancy and in early pp to avoid excess WR. The Oportunidades program is an ideal venue to promote healthy weight gain and physical activity during and after pregnancy.Founding: Oportunidades program, holding the rites to the data presented.
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 Induces Migration and Proliferation of Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Herrera Iliana , Cisneros Jose , Ramírez Remedios , Garcia Jorge , Selman Moises , Pardo Annie 
Published: June 2021

MMP1 is a multifunctional protease that cleaves fibrillar collagens and process a number of non‐matrix components. Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that MMP1 is upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the protein is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and it is virtually absent in the lung interstitium and fibroblastic foci where collagens are being accumulated. In this study we explored the putative function of epithelial expression of this enzyme. Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE‐12) were transfected with human MMP1 linked to the expression vector pQCXIP. Control cells were transfected with the vector. Cell migration was analyzed using Boyden chambers covered with collagen and by in vitro wound healing assay using epidermal growth factor as chemoattractant. Cell proliferation was evaluated with WST‐1 reagent. MMP1 transfected epithelial cells showed a significant increase in cell migration (DO: 0.39±0.4 vs 0.24±0.2; p<0.05). In the wound healing assay MMP1 transfected cells covered 100% of the wound at 36 h, compared with 60% of the control epithelial cells. Likewise, MMP1 transfected cells exhibited a significant increase of proliferation at 36 h (300±20% vs 254±11%; p<0.05) and at 48 h (394±33% vs 300±11%; p<0.01). These findings suggest that MMP1 may have a role in lung epithelial cell migration and proliferation.Funded by: UNAM, Grant SD1.PTID.05.6
DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS UTILIZING PROTEOMICS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Martin Matthew , Furamga Wieslaw , Mikhailov Valery 
Published: June 2021

Background:Lack of characteristic symptoms and adequate testing for pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised host delays therapy, resulting in 80% mortality rate. Diagnosis requires biopsy with visualization of fungal hyphae and positive culture. It takes several days with 50% of false‐negative results. The non‐invasive assays (PCR, galactomannan, beta‐glucan) are impeded by false‐positive and false‐negative results. To find a better marker for pulmonary aspergillosis, we performed serum protein profiling on infected and non‐infected guinea pigs.Methods:Using SELDI‐TOF, serum was tested on CM10, Q10, H50, IMAC microchips and protein profile was obtained from Aspergillus infected and non‐infected animals terminated 1h and 3, 5, 7 days after inoculation. Difference in profiling was evaluated by hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis.Results:Two distinctive peaks in infected and one peak in non‐infected animals were identified. Future protein identification and validation as a potential diagnostic marker is warranted.Conclusion:Our study discovered exclusive spectrometric peaks that may contain potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis.
3D molecular imaging of the “angiogenic switch” differentiates neovascular development in animal models of cancer
Authors: Caruthers Shelton D , Schmieder Anne H , Williams Todd A , Allen John S , Zhang Huiying , Winter Patrick M , Wickline Samuel A , Lanza Gregory M 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to determine whether neovascular progression in animal tumor models could be resolved and differentiated noninvasively with high‐resolution MR molecular imaging and 3D neovascular mapping techniques.MethodsRabbits implanted with Vx2 adenocarcinoma and nude mice implanted with MDA435 cells were imaged with MR at clinically relevant field strengths (3T) before and after administration with ανβ3−targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles. Tumor volumes and 3D MR neovascular maps were obtained in rabbits on days 8, 14 and 16 and in mice on days 14 and 21 post implantation.ResultsOn day 8, angiogenesis comprised 0.9± 0.3% of the Vx2 tumor peripheral volume, which increased to 3.8±0.7% and 7.9±1.7% on days 14 and 16, respectively (p<0.05) (Fig). In mouse xenograft tumors, angiogenesis was minimal at 14 days (0.4±0.2%) and increased (p>0.05) to 1.0 ±0.5% at 21 days. In both models, nontargeted tumors had minimal enhancement.ConclusionThese data suggest that tumor growth of the MDA‐435 tumor may be diminished due to a muted inflammatory response in comparison with the robust “angiogenic switch” observed in the Vx2 model. MR molecular imaging and 3D neovascular mapping could have an important contribution in personalized medical treatment regimens incorporating an antiangiogenic arm. Support: NIH/NCI U54 CA 119342
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Gene Deletion is Protective Against Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury In Vivo
Authors: Merkel Matthias Johannes , Iliff Jeffrey , Packwood William , Liu Lijuan , Cao Zhiping , Alkayed Nabil J , Van Winkle Donna M 
Published: June 2021

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Targeted disruption of the sEH gene enhances post‐ischemic contractile function in isolated hearts and exogenous administration of EETs limits myocardial infarct size in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that sEH gene deletion is cardioprotective.Male C57BL\6J wild‐type (WT) mice or sEH knockout (sEHKO) mice were subjected to 40 min coronary artery occlusion and 120 min reperfusion. Area‐at‐risk (AAR) and infarct size (I) were assessed using fluorescent microspheres and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Infarct size is expressed as I/AAR (mean ± SEM). Myocardial sEH protein content was assessed by immunoblot and its distribution by immunohistochemistry (IHC).I/AAR was reduced by 25±9% in sEHKO compared to WT (37±3% n=10 vs. 49 ± 3% n=8, p<0.05). AAR/heart volume was comparable between groups (27 ± 4% vs. 29 ± 4%). Western blot confirmed the absence of sEH in sEHKO and its presence in WT hearts. IHC was positive for sEH in cardiomyocytes in WT but not sEHKO mice.Cardioprotection from targeted deletion of sEH is likely due to increased endogenous myocardial EET levels. Infusion of EETs or inhibition of sEH may serve as a novel therapeutic option for cardioprotection during coronary revascularization and cardiac transplantation. Support: VA Merit Review 317 (DMVW) and RO1 NS44313 (NJA).
Proangiogenic properties of 4‐hydroxy phenylretinamide (4‐HPR) in experimental neovascularization and study of its mechanisms
Authors: Kannan Ram , Sreekumar Parameswaran G , Hinton David R 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We investigated the effect of 4‐HPR on a murine model of laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). The effects of 4‐HPR on apoptosis and angiogenic factors was studied in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE).Methods: Retina of C57BL/6 mice was exposed to laser irradiation. 4‐HPR (0.2 mg or 1 mg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally daily for 14 days post‐laser. Cultured RPE were treated with 4‐HPR and apoptosis and regulation of growth factors was determined.Results: Mice treated with 4‐HPR exhibited an increase in vascular leakage, CNV lesion size, and lesion volume. A dose‐dependent decrease in lesion‐associated RPE cell number and increase in subretinal fluid was found. 4‐HPR increased RPE cytotoxicity, active caspase‐3 and apoptosis. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, and ‐C and angiopoietin‐1 genes and increased VEGF secretion were observed with 4‐HPR (p<0.01 vs. untreated), while pigment epithelium derived growth factor and thrombospondin‐1 were significantly (p<0.05) downregulated.Conclusions: Administration of 4‐HPR to mice resulted in increased CNV. The increased neovascularization with 4‐HPR was accompanied by upregulation of proangiogenic and downregulation of antiangiogenic factors. Loss of RPE around the laser lesions may arise from 4‐HPR‐induced cell death. Supported by Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation.
Tbx3 is required for normal cardiac conduction system development
Authors: Frank Deborah U , Moon Anne M 
Published: June 2021

TBX3 is mutated in human Ulnar‐Mammary Syndrome. Tbx3 null mice die in mid‐gestation with mammary gland, limb, and yolk sac defects. Tbx3 is also expressed in the conduction system and valves of the developing heart.We generated mutants from a series of null, and severe and mild hypomorphic Tbx3 alleles to examine the dosage‐dependent requirements for Tbx3 during mouse cardiac development. Echocardiography, EKGs, and histology were used for cardiac phenotyping. Severe hypomorphs die by e13.5; and limb defects are indistinguishable from null homozygotes. Mild hypomorphs survive to e13.5 with mildly affected limbs. Real time rt‐PCR levels of Tbx3 correlate with the severity of phenotype.Serial echocardiography of embryos reveals a range of embryonic death in severe hypomorphs which correlates with arrhythmias. Embryos that die from e10.5‐12.5 have marked bradycardia prior to death, and those dying from e12.5–13.5 have atrioventricular (AV) block. Some mutants display poorly coordinated ventricular contraction. Mild hypomorphs develop AV block a day later. The developing sinoatrial and AV nodes are smaller in Tbx3 mutants. There are morphologic abnormalities of the developing valves and ventricles.Our data support a dosage‐dependent requirement for Tbx3 during cardiac development. Supported by R01HD046767‐01 to AMM. DF is supported by T32‐HL07576‐22 and UofU CHRC.
Proteasome malfunction increases autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts
Authors: Zheng Qingwen , Mizushima Noboru , Wang Xuejun 
Published: June 2021

Background:Autophagy and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) are two main routes for intracellular protein degradation. The effect of proteasome malfunction on autophagy in cardiomyocytes and the heart remains to be demonstrated.Methods & results:Proteasomal function in cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) or mouse hearts is manipulated using pharmacological and/or genetic means. The resultant effects on autophagy are assessed by two methods: LC3‐II/LC‐I ratio measured by western blot analysis; autophagy index measured via confocal microscopic analysis of GFP‐LC3 distribution. Cardiac‐restricted expression of a 7‐amino‐acid deletion mutation of the desmin gene (D7‐des) has been linked to human desminopathy which develops aberrant desmin aggregation and severe proteasome malfunction in heart muscle cells. D7‐des increases LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and punctate GFP‐LC3 in mouse heart as early as 2 month. The increased autophagosomes is also detected in mouse heart 12 hours after an intravenous injection of proteasome inhibitor MG262 (5umol/kg). In NRVMs, proteasome inhibition by MG132 (1uM) increases the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and autophagic flux measured as the difference of autophagosomes in the absence and presence of lysosomal protease inhibitors.Conclusions:Pharmacological and/or genetic proteasome inhibition increase autophagosomes in both NRVMs and mouse hearts.