bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Mulching with Supplementary Irrigation on Physiochemical Properties of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.)
Authors: Ghosh Subham , Halder Shuvadeep , Mahato Subrata 
Published: January 2021

The experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, BCKV during 2015-2017 to find out the effect of mulching and supplementary irrigation on physical and chemical properties i.e fruit weight, length, diameter, pulp percentage, TSS, acidity, vitamin-C, anthocyanin etc. of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa.) The experiment was put on factorial RBD consist of nine treatments viz. M0I0 - No mulch + no irrigation (Control). M0I1 - No mulch + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval, M0I2 - No mulch + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 20 days interval, M1I0 - Black polythene mulching + no irrigation M1I1 - Black polythene mulching + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval, M1I2 - Black polythene mulching + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 20 days interval. M2I0 - Dry leaves mulching + no irrigation, M2I1 - Dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval, M2I2 - Dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 20 days interval. Which are interaction of two factor i.e. mulching and irrigation and each treatment has three replications. Mulching with black polythene followed by basin irrigation with 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval was most effective in improving fruit weight (1089.17g), size (length 12.89cm and diameter 39.18cm) and pulp content (56.16%) followed by dry leaves mulching + basin irrigation 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval. The fruit quality like vitamin C and anthocyanin content were also improved by mulching with black polythene followed by basin irrigation 15 litres/plant at 10 days interval but TSS, acidity whereas total sugar content in the fruits were not affected due to mulching and supplementary irrigation
Evaluation of intramuscular olanzapine and ziprasidone in the medically ill
Authors: Patel Seema M. , Crouse Ericka L. , Levenson James L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the paucity of studies evaluating short-acting parenteral second-generation antipsychotics in the medically ill, their use in this population has increased. The purpose of this study was to characterize the use of IM olanzapine and ziprasidone in the medically ill at an academic medical center.MethodsThis is a retrospective medical record review of all patients who received IM olanzapine or ziprasidone on nonpsychiatric inpatient units at a large academic medical center from August 1, 2015 to July 31, 2017. The primary endpoint characterized the indication for use. Secondary endpoints included safety, effectiveness, and prescribing patterns.ResultsAfter exclusion criteria, a total of 100 patients were included in this study, predominantly white males with a mean age of 56 years. Seventy-four percent of patients received IM ziprasidone and 26% received IM olanzapine. The most common indications for use were agitation of nonpsychotic origin (40%) and delirium (33%). Patients received IM olanzapine and ziprasidone when their use was contraindicated (26.9% vs 9.5%, respectively).DiscussionIntramuscular second-generation antipsychotics are increasingly being used in the medically ill for delirium and agitation. Our study confirms these were the most common indications for IM second-generation antipsychotic use in this population. Additionally, their use appeared to be well-tolerated, and no patient developed Torsades de Pointes even when combined with other agents that putatively increase QTc. Given the retrospective, single-center, nonrandomized design of this study, the safety and effectiveness of these parenteral second-generation antipsychotics in common causes of acute agitation should continue to be further evaluated.
“A metamorphosis of the educator”: A hermeneutic phenomenology study of the perceptions and lived experiences of the 6–12 educator in transitioning from teacher‐centered to student‐centered learning
Authors: McPherson Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite large amounts of research documenting, the transition to student‐centered learning from the perspective of the student, minimal literature exists describing the lived experience, and perceptions of Idaho teachers and principals when transitioning from teacher‐centered to student‐centered learning.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore in specific detail the perceptions and lived experiences of Idaho teachers and building principals in transitioning to student‐centered learning, and thereby assists in filling in the literature gaps surrounding this topic. Six middle and high school teachers and four building principals were asked to describe and reflect on their perceptions and lived experiences in transitioning from teacher‐centered to student‐centered learning.MethodsThis hermeneutical, qualitative phenomenological study used a constructivist theoretical framework to assist the researcher in identifying and conveying each participant's deep, rich experience. In‐depth interviews were used to gather responses, and the data were transcribed and coded into three major themes, with keywords and terms from the participants supporting each theme.Results and DiscussionThe three themes that emerged when identifying and describing the perceptions and lived experiences of the participants in transitioning to student‐centered learning were a shift in philosophy of education, changes in methods and pedagogy, and the importance of relationships between teachers, principals, and students.ConclusionKey findings from the study suggest that in order to effectively transition from teacher‐centered to student‐centered education, cognitive changes in an educator's philosophy and mindset, along with social adjustments addressing relationships, connections, and experiences must be recognized and even embraced.
Risky emotional family environment in childhood and depression‐related cytokines in adulthood: The protective role of compassion
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Dobewall Henrik , Ahola‐Olli Ari , Salmi Marko , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli , Jalkanen Sirpa , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, compassion has been found to protect against depressive symptoms, while emotional adversities in childhood are suggested to increase inflammatory responses. The current study investigated (a) whether emotional family environment in childhood predicts levels of such cytokines in adulthood that are previously found to be elevated in depression (interleukin [IL]‐2, IL‐6, IL‐1b, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]) and (b) whether these associations are modified by compassion in adulthood.MethodsThe participants (N = 1,198–1,523) came from the prospective population‐based Young Finns data. Emotional family environment and parental socioeconomic factors were evaluated in 1980; participants’ compassion in 2001; and participants’ cytokine levels and adulthood covariates in 2007.ResultsRisky emotional family environment in childhood predicted higher levels of IL‐2, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α in adulthood. Additionally, there were significant interaction effects between compassion and emotional risk in childhood, when predicting IL‐2, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Specifically, individuals who grew up in a risky emotional family environment had on average higher levels of IL‐2, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in adulthood when combined with low compassion.ConclusionsIn individuals coming from risky emotional family environments, high compassion for others may protect against elevated levels of cytokines previously linked with depression.
Draft genome sequence of plastic degrading Bacillus sp. AIIW2 isolated from the Arabian ocean
Authors: Kumari Alka , Bano Nasreen , Chaudhary Doongar R. , Jha Bhavanath 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe endemic spread of plastic in the environment requires urgent need of a sustainable approach. Marine microbes found to have vast bioactivity and play a central role in biogeochemical cycling in the ocean; however, very few of them had been explored for biochemical cycling or plastic degradation. In the present study, we report the draft genome sequence of marine Bacillus sp. AIIW2 which was found to utilize plastic as a carbon source. The Bacillus sonorensis SRCM101395 was used as a reference genome for mapping the reads. The genome size of strain AIIW2 was approximately 4.4 Mb and composed of 4737 coding sequences with 45.7% G + C contents. The whole genome comparison of strain AIIW2 with three closest Bacillus strains showed strain specificity, the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence shows 99.93% similarity with Bacillus paralicheniformis KJ‐16T (KY694465). This genome data would provide the genetic basis in developing plastic bioremediation approaches and discover the enzymes pertinent in the biodegradation processes.
Influence of S. cerevisiae and P. kluyveri as starters on chocolate flavour
Authors: Moreira Igor , Costa Jéssica , Vilela Leonardo , Lima Nelson , Santos Cledir , Schwan Rosane 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFermented cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) are a pivotal raw material for chocolate production. A cocktail yeast applied in the cocoa fermentation process can promote the formation of pleasant metabolites. Saccharomyces, Pichia and Hanseniaspora have been widely used in fermentation to improve the final product organoleptic profile, highlighting that fermentation is a critical point for chocolate flavour precursor production. This study aims to evaluate the impact of Pichia kluyveri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as starter cultures on the fermentation for two cocoa hybrids, FA13 and CEPEC2002.RESULTSDuring fermentation processes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and protein profiles were assessed. Chocolates produced were also assessed regarding the presence of VOCs. Eighty VOCs were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. Mass spectrometry provided the protein profile evolution during fermentation and showed that the profiles changed with inoculation type (spontaneous versus inoculated fermentation). Chocolate obtained from FA13 inoculated with S. cerevisiae strain contained a greater amount of organics acids, being categorised as sourer than chocolate produced by spontaneous fermentation of FA13. CEPEC2002 inoculated with S. cerevisiae strain in co‐culture with P. kluyveri strain generated less sour and sweeter chocolate than spontaneous fermentation only.CONCLUSIONSChocolates from inoculated assays with starter cultures were more accepted by evaluators, highlighting that P. kluyveri and S. cerevisiae influence the composition of VOCs. Besides, protein profiles also changed throughout fermentation. Further investigation should be conducted to clarify protein degradation dynamics during inoculated fermentations to define which of the microbial cultures positively affect the chocolate sensory characteristics. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Operation of button feedback design within TV remote control applications for middle‐aged and older adult
Authors: Yeh PoChan , Hsu YuChen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTV remote control interfaces have gradually changed from traditional physical buttons to touch screens. However, vision, touch, and even learning abilities can become impacted with increasing age, resulting in an impaired ability to operate these interfaces and issues such as an increase in mistouches on the device and an increase in searching time. Fifty middle‐aged and older adult between the ages of 45 and 64 were recruited to investigate whether changes to the design of buttons and sound effects influence the time and error rates in interface task operations. The results showed that buttons whose background colors changed when pressed reduced task completion time, whereas buttons whose outlines thickened did not. In addition, on/off keys should be designed with reference to current remote control buttons and styled in a similar manner. Finally, sound feedback design may be added in the channel selection function to reduce operation time and error rates.
Vier Jahre IDOMENEO: Was hat Mozarts Oper der interdisziplinären Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit gebracht?
Authors:   die IDOMENEO-Collaborators, Behrendt C.-A. , Debus E. S. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie IDOMENEO-Studie wurde für vier Jahre durch den Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss gefördert und hat sich intensiv mit der validen Nutzung von Routinedaten und Registerdaten zur Behandlung der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusserkrankung beschäftigt. Neben der Identifikation von geeigneten Qualitätsindikatoren war auch die Entwicklung und Einführung der datenschutzkonformen und datensicheren GermanVasc-Registerplattform zentraler Projektbestandteil (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03098290). Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die erreichten Projektziele und insgesamt 37 wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen zwischen 2017 und 2021.
Factors influencing general practitioners’ perception of and attitude towards dementia diagnostics and care—results of a survey among primary care physicians in Germany
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: January 2021

SummaryStudies have shown that primary care is not always effective when it comes to caring for people with dementia. In addition, general practitioners do not always use diagnostic instruments consistently. The aim of the study was to identify relevant factors that influence general practitioners’ attitudes and willingness with respect to consistent diagnosis and care. For this purpose, resources, viewpoints, and behavioral patterns of general practitioners with regard to dementia diagnostics as well as common challenges in everyday practice were recorded. In the course of a survey, a total of 2266 general practitioners in Hesse and Baden-Württemberg were interviewed between January and March 2020. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a t-test was used to determine significant differences between two groups. A univariate linear regression analysis was carried out to identify possible influencing factors. 81% of the respondents do provide dementia diagnostics; 51% are involved in the treatment. Most of them see the diagnostic work-up (77%), communication and compliance problems (73%), as well as the therapeutic support (71%) as common challenges. In addition, there are interface problems regarding the interdisciplinary cooperation. Some of the respondents express doubts about the value of early detection (41%). The general practitioners’ attitude with respect to dementia diagnostics and care is determined by influencing factors that relate to geriatric competencies, expectations of self-efficacy, the integration of practice staff, as well as the knowledge of and cooperation with counseling and care services. It seems advisable to strengthen the geriatric competence of general practitioners. Moreover, it appears essential to educate general practitioners more about support structures in the field of dementia care and to integrate them accordingly. In addition, practice staff should be more systematically involved in the identification and care of dementia patients.
Monitoring wetland water quality related to livestock grazing in amphibian habitats
Authors: Smalling Kelly L. , Rowe Jennifer C. , Pearl Christopher A. , Iwanowicz Luke R. , Givens Carrie E. , Anderson Chauncey W. , McCreary Brome , Adams Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLand use alteration such as livestock grazing can affect water quality in habitats of at-risk wildlife species. Data from managed wetlands are needed to understand levels of exposure for aquatic life stages and monitor grazing-related changes afield. We quantified spatial and temporal variation in water quality in wetlands occupied by threatened Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) at Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon, United States (US). We used analyses for censored data to evaluate the importance of habitat type and grazing history in predicting concentrations of nutrients, turbidity, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB; total coliforms, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and enterococci), and estrogenicity, an indicator of estrogenic activity. Nutrients (orthophosphate and ammonia) and enterococci varied over time and space, while E. coli, total coliforms, turbidity, and estrogenicity were more strongly associated with local livestock grazing metrics. Turbidity was correlated with several grazing-related constituents and may be particularly useful for monitoring water quality in landscapes with livestock use. Concentrations of orthophosphate and estrogenicity were elevated at several sites relative to published health benchmarks, and their potential effects on Rana pretiosa warrant further investigation. Our data provided an initial assessment of potential exposure of amphibians to grazing-related constituents in western US wetlands. Increased monitoring of surface water quality and amphibian population status in combination with controlled laboratory toxicity studies could help inform future research and targeted management strategies for wetlands with both grazing and amphibians of conservation concern.
A model for spectroscopic food sample analysis using data sonification
Authors: Kew Hsein 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method to generate an audio output based on spectroscopy data in order to discriminate two classes of data, based on the features of our spectral dataset. To do this, we first perform spectral pre-processing, and then extract features, followed by machine learning, for dimensionality reduction. The features are then mapped to the parameters of a sound synthesiser, as part of the audio processing, so as to generate audio samples in order to compute statistical results and identify important descriptors for the classification of the dataset. To optimise the process, we compare Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) synthesis, as applied to two real-life datasets to evaluate the performance of sonification as a method for discriminating data. FM synthesis provides a higher subjective classification accuracy as compared with to AM synthesis. We then further compare the dimensionality reduction method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis in order to optimise our sonification algorithm. The results of classification accuracy using FM synthesis as the sound synthesiser and PCA as the dimensionality reduction method yields a mean classification accuracies of 93.81% and 88.57% for the coffee dataset and the fruit puree dataset respectively, and indicate that this spectroscopic analysis model is able to provide relevant information on the spectral data, and most importantly, is able to discriminate accurately between the two spectra and thus provides a complementary tool to supplement current methods.
Sibling Adjustment and Sibling Relationships Associated with Clusters of Needs in Children with Autism: A Novel Methodological Approach
Authors: Rixon Louise , Hastings Richard P. , Kovshoff Hanna , Bailey Tom 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe tested a novel methodological approach to examine associations between characteristics of autistic children and outcomes for siblings. Cluster analysis was used to define five groups of children with autism (n = 168) based on autism symptoms, adaptive behavior, pro-social behavior, and behavior problems. Primary and secondary parent carers, and siblings themselves, reported on sibling relationship quality and psychological adjustment. Siblings of autistic children with a mild symptom profile, high levels of adaptive skills, but high internalizing and externalizing problems had the highest level of these problems themselves and more conflict in their relationship. Siblings of autistic children with the most complex support needs (adaptive skills deficits, severe autism symptoms) reported lower warmth relationships but not elevated internalizing and externalizing problems.
The Urbanization of Northern Italy: Contextualizing Early Settlement Nucleation in the Po Valley
Authors: Zamboni Lorenzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent excavations and theoretical advances have revealed evidence of an early and perhaps independent nucleation and centralization process in the region south of the Alps, a phenomenon that has been undervalued in previous studies. In this paper I present a broad overview and attempt to reassess the role of the Cisalpine regions as crossroads of trade and cultural transfer between the Mediterranean and central Europe through a critical evaluation of key archaeological evidence. I adopt alternative and up-to-date perspectives on the urbanization phenomenon, disentangling commonsensical and text-driven definitions of urbanism and social formation, while challenging the outdated “check-list” approach. This theoretical framework should promote a paradigm shift that leads to a substantial backdating and broadening of the appearance of complex site agglomerations in northern Italy, avoiding unidirectional development patterns and instead looking at possible cases of instability, ephemerality, and seasonality. The adoption of a comparative perspective triggers a timely disentanglement of the simplistic equation between urbanism and social hierarchy. Beyond a narrow and selective emphasis on elites, this paper considers alternative social entities and actions, including commoners, subaltern groups, and cooperation.
Interfacial phenomena between molten iron and molten slag–Effect of nitrogen on the Marangoni convection
Authors: Matsushita Taishi , Belov Ilja , Siafakas Dimitrios , Jarfors Anders E. W. , Watanabe Masahito 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of the surface-active element on the interfacial phenomena between molten iron and molten Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 slag, a mildly surface-active element, nitrogen, was introduced, and the interfacial phenomena were directly observed using an X-ray sessile drop method. The multiphysics model was employed to calculate the velocity of the Marangoni convection caused by the surface/interfacial tension gradient along with the contour of the sessile drop. Movement of the sessile drop was observed in the experiment, and the driving force of the movement was discussed from the distribution of surface tension active element viewpoint. The calculated velocity of the Marangoni convection in the droplet was reasonably agreed with the literature data for the metal-gas system, and thus, the same model was applied for the metal-slag system. The velocity of the Marangoni convection for the metal-slag system becomes ten times lower compared to that of metal-gas system.

Graphical abstract