bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021 Mark Coventry Award: Use of a smartphone-based care platform after primary partial and total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Crawford David A. , Duwelius Paul J. , Sneller Michael A. , Morris Michael J. , Hurst Jason M. , Berend Keith R. , Lombardi Adolph V. 
Published: May 2021

Aims The purpose is to determine the non-inferiority of a smartphone-based exercise educational care management system after primary knee arthroplasty compared with a traditional in-person physiotherapy rehabilitation model. Methods A multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted evaluating the use of a smartphone-based care management system for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and partial knee arthroplasty (PKA). Patients in the control group (n = 244) received the respective institution’s standard of care with formal physiotherapy. The treatment group (n = 208) were provided a smartwatch and smartphone application. Early outcomes assessed included 90-day knee range of movement, EuroQoL five-dimension five-level score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR) score, 30-day single leg stance (SLS) time, Time up and Go (TUG) time, and need for manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA). Results Overall, 90-day mean flexion was not significantly different between the control (121° (SD 11.7°)) and treatment groups (121o; p = 0.559); 90-day mean SLS was 22.7 seconds (SD 9.8) in controls and 24.3 seconds (SD 20.8) in treatment (p = 0.519); 90-day mean TUG times were 10.1 seconds (SD 4.8) in control and 9.3 seconds (SD 3.3) in treatment (p = 0.139). Mean KOOS JR scores were significantly different between control group (73.6 (SD 13.4)) and treatment group (70.4 (SD 12.6); p = 0.026). MUAs were performed in nine (3.7%) patients in the control group and four (1.9%) in the treatment group (p = 0.398). Physiotherapy was performed by 230 (94.4%) of control group and 123 (59.3%) of treatment group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in postoperative urgent care visits, or readmissions within 90 days, with significantly fewer emergency department visits in the treatment group (16 (8.2%) vs five (2.5%), p = 0.014). Conclusion The use of the smartwatch/smartphone care platform demonstrated non-inferiority of clinically significant outcomes to traditional care models, while requiring significantly less postoperative physiotherapy and fewer emergency department visits. This platform could aid in decreasing postoperative costs, while improving patient engagement and communication with the healthcare team. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6 Supple A):3–12.
Hernia rationing: an assessment of commissioning guidelines
Authors: Gewanter W , Hubbard T , Ferguson D 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Hernias are a common surgical condition. Most guidelines recommend repair in almost all cases. NHS Devon clinical commissioning group (CCG) guidelines restrict the commissioning of hernia repair. The aim of this study was to follow up a cohort of patients referred for hernia repair to assess the impact of commissioning guidelines on clinical outcomes. Methods All patients referred to a single UK surgeon with an abdominal wall hernia over a 12-month period were followed up to determine whether CCG criteria were initially met. If they were not, time to any subsequent surgical intervention was recorded. Results After exclusions, 106 patients referred for abdominal wall hernia repair were followed up. Of these, 53 (49%) fulfilled commissioning guidelines for surgical repair. Thirty-one patients (23%) who had an indication for surgical repair did not fulfil commissioning criteria. This group was followed up for a median of 1,112 days (range: 962–1,287 days). Twelve patients (39%) required an operation within 900 days with one of these (3%) requiring emergency repair. These 12 patients waited a mean of 232 days before being accepted for surgery. Conclusions A large number of patients who did not initially meet NHS Devon CCG’s criteria ultimately required surgery. Three per cent of this ‘watch and wait’ group required emergency repair. NHS Devon CCG guidelines do not effectively identify patients who can be managed safely without surgical hernia repair. The incidence of emergency repair in this group should inform the prioritisation of hernia repairs when restarting elective services that have been halted because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantum-accelerated imaging of N stars
Authors: Bao Fanglin , Choi Hyunsoo , Aggarwal Vaneet , Jacob Zubin 
Published: June 2021

Imaging point sources with low angular separation near or below the Rayleigh criterion are important in astronomy, e.g., in the search for habitable exoplanets near stars. However, the measurement time required to resolve stars in the sub-Rayleigh region via traditional direct imaging is usually prohibitive. Here we propose quantum-accelerated imaging (QAI) to significantly reduce the measurement time using an information-theoretic approach. QAI achieves quantum acceleration by adaptively learning optimal measurements from data to maximize Fisher information per detected photon. Our approach can be implemented experimentally by linear-projection instruments followed by single-photon detectors. We estimate the position, brightness, and the number of unknown stars

10
∼
100

times faster than direct imaging with the same aperture. QAI is scalable to a large number of incoherent point sources and can find widespread applicability beyond astronomy to high-speed imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and efficient optical read-out of qubits.
A facility and community-based assessment of scabies in rural Malawi
Authors: Galván-Casas Cristina , Mitjá Oriol , Esteban Sara , Kafulafula Jacob , Phiri Texon , Navarro-Fernández Íñigo , Román-Curto Concepción , Mtenje Hassani , Thauzeni Gerald , Harawa Elizabeth , Kaluzi Stephano , Diere Mphatso , Mkandawire Mary , Malizani Shaibu , Chifundo Alex , Utrera-Busquets Marta , Mónica Roncero-Riesco  , López Martín-Prieto Sara , Vilanova-Urdániz Iosune , Petiti Gisela H. , de Gálvez Aranda María Victoria , No Pérez Nuria , Rueda Gómez-Calcerrada María , Iranzo Pilar , Escalonilla García-Patos Pilar , de Troya-Martín Magdalena , Romero Gomez Javier , Cardeñoso-Alvarez Esther , Lucas Truyols Sofia , Aspe Unanue Libe , Bajo del Pozo Cristina , Comunión Artieda Alicia , Martínez González Maria Isabel , López-López Omar F. , Moreno-Artero Esther , Cubiró Xavier , Meilán-Sánchez Iago , Tomás-Velázquez Alejandra , López-Sánchez Cristina , Sánchez-Martínez Eva M. , Edwards Harrison A. , Herrera Morueco Maria , Zehe Rubiera Julia , Salguero Caldera Laura , Blanes-Moreno Urbano , Uribarren-Movilla Maria , Marks Michael 
Published: June 2021

Background
Scabies is a neglected tropical disease of the skin, causing severe itching, stigmatizing skin lesions and systemic complications. Since 2015, the DerMalawi project provide an integrated skin diseases clinics and Tele-dermatology care in Malawi. Clinic based data suggested a progressive increase in scabies cases observed. To better identify and treat individuals with scabies in the region, we shifted from a clinic-based model to a community based outreach programme.

Methodology/Principal findings
From May 2015, DerMalawi project provide integrated skin diseases and Tele-dermatological care in the Nkhotakota and Salima health districts in Malawi. Demographic and clinical data of all patients personally attended are recorded. Due to a progressive increase in the number of cases of scabies the project shifted to a community-based outreach programme. For the community outreach activities, we conducted three visits between 2018 to 2019 and undertook screening in schools and villages of Alinafe Hospital catchment area. Treatment was offered for all the cases and school or household contacts. Scabies increased from 2.9% to 39.2% of all cases seen by the DerMalawi project at clinics between 2015 to 2018. During the community-based activities approximately 50% of the population was assessed in each of three visits. The prevalence of scabies was similar in the first two rounds, 15.4% (2392) at the first visit and 17.2% at the second visit. The prevalence of scabies appeared to be lower (2.4%) at the third visit. The prevalence of impetigo appeared unchanged and was 6.7% at the first visit and 5.2% at the final visit.

Conclusions/Significance
Prevalence of scabies in our setting was very high suggesting that scabies is a major public health problem in parts of Malawi. Further work is required to more accurately assess the burden of disease and develop appropriate public health strategies for its control.
The roles of experienced and internalized weight stigma in healthcare experiences: Perspectives of adults engaged in weight management across six countries
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Lessard Leah M. , Himmelstein Mary S. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: June 2021

Background/Objectives
Considerable evidence from U.S. studies suggests that weight stigma is consequential for patient-provider interactions and healthcare for people with high body weight. Despite international calls for efforts to reduce weight stigma in the medical community, cross-country research is lacking in this field. This study provides the first multinational investigation of associations between weight stigma and healthcare experiences across six Western countries.

Methods
Participants were 13,996 adults residing in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK, and the US who were actively enrolled in an internationally available behavioral weight management program. Participants completed identical online surveys in the dominant language for their country that assessed experienced weight stigma, internalized weight bias, and healthcare behaviors and experiences including perceived quality of care, avoidance or delay of seeking care, experiences with providers, and perceived weight stigma from doctors.

Results
Among participants who reported a history of weight stigma (56–61%), two-thirds of participants in each country reported experiencing weight stigma from doctors. Across all six countries, after accounting for demographics, BMI, and experienced stigma, participants with higher internalized weight bias reported greater healthcare avoidance, increased perceived judgment from doctors due to body weight, lower frequency of obtaining routine checkups, less frequent listening and respect from providers, and lower quality of healthcare. Additionally, experienced weight stigma (from any source) was indirectly associated with poorer healthcare experiences through weight bias internalization, consistently across the six countries.

Conclusions
Weight stigma in healthcare is prevalent among adults actively engaged in weight management across different Western countries, and internalized weight bias has negative implications for healthcare even after controlling for BMI. The similar findings across all six countries underscore the negative consequences of weight stigma on healthcare behaviors and experiences, and emphasize the need for collective international efforts to address this problem.
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among health workers in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Qader Ghulam Qader , Seddiq Mohammad Khaled , Rashidi Khakerah Mohammad , Manzoor Lutfullah , Hamim Azizullah , Akhgar Mir Habibullah , Rahman Laiqullrahman , Dryer Sean , Boyd-Boffa Mariah , Somji Aleefia , Melese Muluken , Suarez Pedro Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

Background
About 26% of the world’s population may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Health care workers are a high-risk category because of their professional exposure.

Methods
This cross-sectional study assessed the LTBI burden among health care workers in Afghanistan, a high-TB-burden country. We selected health facilities using a systematic sampling technique and invited all workers at the targeted health facilities to participate. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic and exposure variables and received tuberculin skin tests for LTBI.

Results
Of the 4,648 health care workers invited to participate, 3,686 had tuberculin skin tests. The prevalence of LTBI was found to be 47.2% (1,738 workers). Multivariate analysis showed that a body mass index of ≥ 30 and marriage were associated with an increased risk of LTBI. Underweight (body mass index of ≤ 18 and below) and normal body mass index had no association with increased risk of LTBI.

Conclusion
LTBI is high among health care workers in Afghanistan. We recommend instituting infection control measures in health facilities and screening workers for timely TB diagnosis.
25 anos da lei de Planejamento Familiar: Quais razões ainda limitam o amplo acesso a suas atribuições na Atenção Primária à Saúde? /
Authors: Chaves Eclésio José Vascurado , Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de 
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Analisar na literatura disponível, o desenrolar de 25 anos de implementação da Política Nacional de Planejamento Familiar/Reprodutivo e suas consequências foi o objetivo do presente estudo. O que foi devidamente implementado, o que pode ser modificado, quais os desafios da política frente às novas construções relacionais do século 21. Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, realizada durante os meses dezembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021, com análise de publicações indexadas em bases de dados, identificadas por meio de Descritores Controlados em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), em língua portuguesa, artigos disponíveis gratuitamente sem limitação e publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2020. Resultados: Os estudos foram divididos em 5 tópicos-tema, enumerados em acordo com sua abordagem inserida na temática analisada: Educação em Saúde, Estruturação do Planejamento Familiar, Métodos Contraceptivos, Paradigmas e Capacitação/Conhecimento da equipe sobre a temática. Conclusão: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), mais uma vez destaca-se como dos principais agentes promotores em saúde pública do planeta. A política reprodutiva é acometida de diversas falhas, sobretudo no sentido de não promover Educação em Saúde em seu sentido mais amplo. É visualizado também a importância da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, como porta de entrada do usuário a política e a necessidade de melhoria das estratégias em vista de o empoderar em direção a um melhor aproveitamento de seus direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.
Logística Reversa: Conceitos, Relevância e Comportamento Sustentável / Reverse Logistics: Concepts, Relevance and Sustainable Behavior
Authors: Araújo Raquel Chave de , Macêdo Maria Erilúcia Cruz 
Published: May 2021

Resumo: Atualmente, a Logística Reversa tornou-se um segmento importante dentro da cadeia de suprimentos da Logística, colaborando para vantagem competitiva sustentável. É um método que tem como finalidade parâmetros de pré-produção, encerramento do produto, ciclo de vida e destinação dos resíduos desse produto, de forma a fundamentar o uso da matéria-prima natural utilizada no processo produtivo, cooperando para a preservação ambiental. Desse modo, a pesquisa buscou na literatura uma análise exploratória, a partir das considerações de alguns autores que abordam essa temática. A pesquisa trata-se dos conceitos da Logística e sua procedente, a Logística Reversa e sua vinculação com as organizações, e a importância sob a ótica econômica, legislativa e ecológica. Diante da pesquisa desempenhada, verificou-se a presença de ganhos em empresas favorecidas no tocante a referida relação, no propósito de percorrer no sentido ao desenvolvimento sustentável.
Real-World Data on the Impact of COVID-19 on Endoscopic Procedural Delays
Authors: Issaka Rachel B. , Feld Lauren D. , Kao Jason , Hegarty Erin , Snailer Brandon , Kalra Gorav , Tomizawa Yutaka , Strate Lisa 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The initial surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted national recommendations to delay nonurgent endoscopic procedures. The objective of this study was to provide real-world data on the impact of COVID-19 on endoscopic procedures in a safety-net healthcare system and cancer center affiliated with a tertiary academic center.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study used a combination of electronic health record data and a prospective data tool created to track endoscopy procedures throughout COVID-19 to describe patient and procedural characteristics of endoscopic procedures delayed during the initial COVID-19 surge.

RESULTS:
Of the 480 patients identified, the median age was 57 years (interquartile range 46–66), 55% (n = 262) were male, and 59% self-identified as white. Colonoscopy was the most common type of delayed procedure (49%), followed by combined esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy (22%), and EGD alone (20%). Colorectal cancer screening was the most common indication for delayed colonoscopy (35%), and evaluation of suspected bleeding (30%) was the most common indication for delayed combined EGD and colonoscopy. To date, 46% (223/480) of delayed cases have been completed with 12 colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers diagnosed. Sociodemographic factors, procedure type, and sedation type were not significantly associated with endoscopy completion. The median time to endoscopy after delayed procedure was 88 days (interquartile range 63–119) with no differences by procedure type.

DISCUSSION:
To minimize potential losses to follow-up, delayed, or missed diagnoses and to reduce progression of gastrointestinal diseases, all efforts should be used to ensure follow-up in those whose endoscopic procedures were delayed because of COVID-19.
A strict inequality for the minimization of the Willmore functional under isoperimetric constraint
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Scharrer Christian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Inspired by previous work of Kusner and Bauer–Kuwert, we prove a strict inequality between the Willmore energies of two surfaces and their connected sum in the context of isoperimetric constraints. Building on previous work by Keller, Mondino and Rivière, our strict inequality leads to existence of minimizers for the isoperimetric constrained Willmore problem in every genus, provided the minimal energy lies strictly below

8
⁢
π

{8\pi}

. Besides the geometric interest, such a minimization problem has been studied in the literature as a simplified model in the theory of lipid bilayer cell membranes.
An Unfitted dG Scheme for Coupled Bulk-Surface PDEs on Complex Geometries
Authors: Engwer Christian , Westerheide Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The unfitted discontinuous Galerkin (UDG) method allows for
conservative dG discretizations of partial differential equations
(PDEs) based on cut cell meshes. It is hence particularly suitable
for solving continuity equations on complex-shaped bulk domains.
In this paper
based on and extending the PhD thesis of the second author,
we show how the method can be transferred to PDEs on
curved surfaces.
Motivated by a class of biological model problems
comprising continuity equations on a static bulk domain and its
surface, we propose a new UDG scheme for bulk-surface models.
The method
combines ideas of extending surface PDEs to
higher-dimensional bulk domains with concepts of trace finite
element methods.
A particular focus is given to the necessary steps to retain
discrete analogues to conservation laws of the discretized PDEs.
A high degree
of geometric flexibility is achieved by using a level set
representation of the geometry. We present theoretical
results to prove stability of the method and to investigate its
conservation properties. Convergence is shown in an
energy norm and numerical results show optimal convergence order in
bulk/surface

H
1

{H^{1}}

- and

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norms.
Spontaneous resolution of fetal ascites secondary to gastrointestinal abnormality
Authors: Wiles Alison , Yannetti Melissa , Dinglas Cheryl 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Isolated fetal ascites carries an uncertain prognosis and broad differential diagnosis. When detected on prenatal sonography, a thorough evaluation is warranted to exclude development of hydrops and search for an underlying condition. While gastrointestinal abnormalities account for approximately 20% of cases of fetal ascites, surgical correction is commonly required postnatally. While there have been reports of isolated fetal ascites resolving in utero, spontaneous resolution of the causative gastrointestinal abnormality is unusual.

Case presentation
We report a case of a multiparous 33-year-old found to have moderate fetal ascites and a complex fetal abdominal mass near the small bowel detected by ultrasound at 32 weeks with spontaneous resolution of both ascites and mass by 37 weeks. Following the delivery of a normal neonate, we suspect the mass and ascites to have been produced by a small bowel rupture resulting in meconium peritonitis.

Conclusions
When fetal ascites with late gestational onset has spontaneous resolution in utero and hydrops never develops, there is generally a favorable prognosis and normal neonatal outcome.
Conflict Dynamics and Emotional Dissonance during the Family Business Succession Process: Evidence from the Tunisian Context
Authors: Yezza Hedi , Chabaud Didier , Calabrò Andrea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article aims to understand how emerging conflicts evolve and generate negative emotions during family firms’ succession process. Relying on previous research on emotional dissonance and conflict, we conduct a single longitudinal case study by interviewing the successor, the predecessor, and other family members in a family firm in the Tunisian context. The results show that emotional dissonance plays a critical role in conflict escalation between successors and predecessors. Family systems and cultural factors explain challenges in managing emotions; however, emotions associated with family events can facilitate the evolution of the succession process by resolving conflict. This study thus revealshowandwhyemotions and conflicts arise during the succession process.
Öffentliche Sicherheit und Diskriminierung
Authors: Dufner Annette 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Befürchtung, dass eine Erweiterung der DNA-Analyse von Tatortspuren für Zwecke der Polizeiarbeit zu Diskriminierungen führen wird. Diese Erwartung bezieht sich insbesondere auf die Ermittlung der sogenannten biogeografischen Abstammung und der Hautschattierung. In dieser Untersuchung werden einige Stellen im Ermittlungsprozess, an denen auf Grundlage solcher Analysen Diskriminierungspotential auftreten könnte, zunächst gesammelt und dargelegt. Im zweiten Teil wird dann der Diskriminierungsbegriff genauer beleuchtet. Dabei wird sich zeigen, dass verschiedene Positionen zu der Frage, was genau eine Diskriminierung moralisch problematisch macht, zu unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen der DNAPhänotypisierung in der Polizeiarbeit führen.
Reflected generalized BSDEs with discontinuous barriers driven by a Lévy process
Authors: El Otmani Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the reflected and doubly reflected generalized backward stochastic differential equations when the noise is given
by Brownian motion and Teugels martingales associated with an independent pure jump Lévy process. We prove the
existence and the uniqueness of the solution for these equations with monotone generators and right continuous left limited obstacles.