bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of benefits from being in a Alzheimer Internet support group for the caregivers of the people suffering from Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Grobelny Bartosz , Awdziejczyk Małgorzata , Gorczyński Wojciech , Janczyk Marcin , Leszczyńska Marta , Meissner Katarzyna , Roszyk Agnieszka , Specjalski Radosław , Śniegula Paulina , Tomczak Jolanta , Wiecheć Katarzyna 
Published: March 2021

Both emotional and physical demands faced by Alzheimer's disease caregivers are very difficult to meet. Often, the amount of strength and calmness needed to fulfil the role of caregiver is beyond the person’s adaptability. The aim of this article is the data analysis of the Alzheimer’s disease caregivers online support groups and problems the caregivers face on the daily basis. Authors compared discussions and solutions available in polish language with methods used in other countries. The study was conducted in late April and May of 2013 by analyzing the user posts found on Polish webistes that associates the caregivers of people suffering form Alzheimer’s disease. Authors assumed that there is a difference between citizens of different countries in the access to useful information that may help in solving daily problems. Confirmation of this hypothesis may indicate the need for modifications by creating a professional platform that associates Alzheimer’s disease caregivers. Authors also analyzed remedies caregivers use and emotional functioning. By presenting recurring problems regarding diagnosis, burnout and coping with daily stress. They try to answer important question: what must be done to meet the needs of caregivers presented via the message boards. They are trying to prove that access to professional knowledge and presence in the environment that brings together caregivers can significantly improve level of performance and satisfaction. Even if the aid is granted only through an online platform of information sharing, the support effects are clearly visible.
Chemical analysis of substitute drugs of abuse – “legal highs” from Lubuskie province, Poland
Authors: Mruczyk Kinga , Durkalec-Michalski Krzysztof , Jeszka Jan , Lipińska Joanna , Stefański Zbigniew 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Interest in substitute drugs of abuse, commonly called “dopalacze” [literally “after-burns”] that is “legal highs”, in Poland and abuse of such products, which could pose a significant life hazard, led to legislative action taken by the government. The decision by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate made shops commonly called “smart shops” close down, while confiscated products were subjected to chemical analyses by national research institutes.Aim. Determination of the chemical composition and possible presence of active substances contained in tested samples of substitute drugs of abuse.Material and methods. The research material consisted of 171 samples taken for analysis at the end of 2010 from retailers in Lubuskie province. Samples of “legal highs” were tested in a specialized laboratory of the Institute of Rural Medicine, Lublin, by means of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Results. Laboratory analyses of “legal high” samples showed the presence of different psychoactive substances in 136 samples, representing 80% of the tested products. The compounds included psychoactive substances – MDPV (17%), 4-EMC (10%), AM-694 (10%), JWH-203 (7%), TFMPP (6%), as well as narcotics, such as mephedrone (5% samples), Piper methysticum (5%), JWH-250 (4%), JWH-200 (5%) and Salvia divinorum (2%). Chemical analyses showed that only 35 samples contained no substances that would affect the physiological and psychological condition of the human body.Conclusions. Analyses of the chemical composition of “legal highs” showed that they contained a large group of different substances or their mixtures exhibiting psychoactive and narcotic activity that may pose a significant health and life hazard.
Türkiye’de Kirlilik Sığınağı Hipotezi Geçerli mi? Fourier Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Yöntemlerinden Kanıtlar
Authors: YURTKURAN Süleyman 
Published: March 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma 1971-2018 döneminde Türkiye’de kirlilik sığınağı hipotezi kapsamında doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları, finansal gelişme, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve CO2 salımı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktadır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Çalışmada yeni geliştirilen Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme yöntemi, dinamik en küçük kareler uzun dönem tahmincisi ve Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Fourier ADL yöntemine göre uzun dönemde seriler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca dinamik en küçük kareler yöntemine göre doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve finansal gelişmedeki artış CO2 salımını arttırmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları tüketiminin ise çevre kirliliği üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının CO2 salımını arttırması Türkiye’de kirlilik sığınağı hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları tüketimi, çevre kirliliğini azaltmak için arzu edilen düzeyde bulunmamaktadır. Son olarak seriler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini belirlemek için Toda-Yamamoto ve Fourier Toda-Yamamoto Granger nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile CO2 salımı arasında çift yönlü, finansal gelişmeden CO2 salımına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sınırlılıklar: Bu çalışmada yalnızca çevre kirliliği göstergesi olarak CO2 salımı kullanılmıştır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Türkiye için gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ile yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin birlikte analiz edilmemiştir. Ayrıca yeni geliştirilen Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme Toda-Yamamoto Granger nedensellik yöntemleri kirlilik sığınağı hipotezi çalışmalarında kullanılmamıştır. Çalışmanın bu şekliyle literatüre katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.
Large Lytic Defects Produce Kinematic Instability and Loss of Compressive Strength in Human Spines
Authors: Alkalay Ron N. , Adamson Robert , Miropolsky Alexander , Davis Roger B. , Groff Mike L. , Hackney David B. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In patients with spinal metastases, kinematic instability is postulated to be a predictor of pathologic vertebral fractures. However, the relationship between this kinematic instability and the loss of spinal strength remains unknown.

Methods:
Twenty-four 3-level thoracic and lumbar segments from 8 cadaver spines from female donors aged 47 to 69 years were kinematically assessed in axial compression (180 N) and axial compression with a flexion or extension moment (7.5 Nm). Two patterns of lytic defects were mechanically simulated: (1) a vertebral body defect, corresponding to Taneichi model C (n = 13); and (2) the model-C defect plus destruction of the ipsilateral pedicle and facet joint, corresponding to Taneichi model E (n = 11). The kinematic response was retested, and compression strength was measured. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to test the effect of each model on the kinematic response of the segment. Multivariable linear regression was used to test the association between the kinematic parameters and compressive strength of the segment.

Results:
Under a flexion moment, and for both models C and E, the lesioned spines exhibited greater flexion range of motion (ROM) and axial translation than the control spines. Both models C and E caused lower extension ROM and greater axial, sagittal, and transverse translation under an extension moment compared with the control spines. Two-way repeated-measures analysis revealed that model E, compared with model C, caused significantly greater changes in extension and torsional ROM under an extension moment, and greater sagittal translation under a flexion moment. For both models C and E, greater differences in flexion ROM and sagittal translation under a flexion moment, and greater differences in extension ROM and in axial and transverse translation under an extension moment, were associated with lower compressive strength of the lesioned spines.

Conclusions:
Critical spinal lytic defects result in kinematic abnormalities and lower the compressive strength of the spine.

Clinical Relevance:
This experimental study demonstrates that lytic foci degrade the kinematic stability and compressive strength of the spine. Understanding the mechanisms for this degradation will help to guide treatment decisions that address inferred instability and fracture risk in patients with metastatic spinal disease.
Energy access in informal settlements to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Nerini Francesco Fuso , Christley Emily , Ljungberg Hanna , Ackom Emmanuel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over one billion people live in urban dwellers without adequate access to basic services such as energy, water, and healthcare. Here we use the SDG ´lens´ to evaluate how local policies and plans for energy access in informal settlements can be coordinated with the SDGs achievement. With a case study in Kibera, Kenya, we analyse how local energy access could enable or inhibit all local SDG Targets. Then, based on this knowledge, we propose a set of actions to achieve full modern energy access without compromising other local Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, we propose a new taxonomy to evaluate how actions affect the interlinkages between local energy access and the achievement of the SDGs.
EPPDA: An Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation Scheme with Authentication and Authorization for IoT-Based Healthcare
Authors: Almalki Faris. A. , Soufiene Ben othman 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) connects various kinds of intelligent objects and devices using the internet to collect and exchange data. Nowadays, The IoT is used in diverse application domains, including the healthcare. In the healthcare domain, the IoT devices can collects patient data, and its forwards the data to the healthcare professionals can view it. The IoT devices are usually resource-constrained in terms of energy consumption, storage capacity, computational capability, and communication range, data aggregation techniques are used to reduce the communication overhead. However, in healthcare system using IoT, the heterogeneity of technologies, the large number of devices and systems, and the different types of users and roles create important challenges in terms of security. For that, the security and privacy aggregation of health data are very important aspects. In this paper, we propose a novel secure data aggregation scheme based on homomorphic primitives in IoT based healthcare systems, called “An Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation Scheme with authentication for IoT-Based Healthcare applications” (EPPDA). EPPDA is based the Verification and Authorization phase to verifying the legitimacy of the nodes wants to join the process of aggregation. EPPDA uses additive homomorphic encryption to protect data privacy and combines it with homomorphic MAC to check the data integrity. The security analysis and experimental results show that our proposed scheme guarantees data privacy, messages authenticity, and integrity, with lightweight communication overhead and computation.
Design and development of Dipole Array Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications
Authors: K Malaisamy , M Santhi , S Robinson , Mohd Wasim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper illustrates the design and development of the Series-fed Two Dipole Array antenna (STDA) for Wi-Fi applications. The proposed antenna consists of two dipole elements of different lengths, which are serially joined by the Coplanar Strip Line (CPS). The design incorporates an alternative feeding mechanism of coaxial/probe feeding technique with balun. The primary objective of this paper is to develop the high gain antenna with array configuration for Wi-Fi applications. The performance parameters of an antenna such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain and directivity are investigated for STDA array configurations. It operates at 2.4 GHz and produces a high gain of 21.6 dBi with reflector. The STDA antenna has been analyzed for different array configurations in the formation of 1×4, 1×8, 2×8 STDA array formation in order to improve the overall gain. The proposed antenna is fabricated an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and Loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.007 with the thickness of 1.6 mm. The size of an antenna is about 105 mm × 80 mm. The proposed antenna meets the requirements of an antenna which is operating at 2.4GHz with a bandwidth of 200 MHz; hence, it is found to be suitable for Wi-Fi applications.
An Energy-Efficient Routing Mechanism (EERM) for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Kashif , Mahmood Khalid , Hassan Mahmood Ul , Shah Ansar Munir , Khan Jahangir , Asshad Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wireless Sensor and actor networks (WSANs) are the most vital research area in the wireless communication field. It consists of sensors, actors, and the base station, where actor nodes work as these networks' spine. The network's main objective is to sense the critical information from the area of interest and then send it to the base station. After that, it can make accurate decisions. This project proposes an Energy-Efficient Routing Mechanism (EERM) technique for the effective routing process. It works in three phases, which are Network initialization, data gathering, and routing. Once the node senses the data and tries to forward it to the base station, it chooses the sensor/ actor nodes from its neighbors having more energy and less distance towards the base station, a final node. As a result, there are significantly fewer chances of data loss due to battery depletion. Moreover, it confirms that there is no data duplication. After successful data transmission, the node will be set as in sleeping mode to save energy. EERM evaluates with other gossiping routing techniques like FELGossiping, ELGossiping, and LGossiping. It notices that there is less data packet loss in it. More nodes are alive in additional iterations due to energy-efficient solutions, which increases the network lifetime.
Enhanced Simulating Annealing and SVM for Intrusion Detection System in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Prabakar D , Gomathi s , Sasikala S , Saravanan TR , Ramesh s 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN) is among the most recent technologies with uses ranging from medicine to the military. Nevertheless, WSNs are impervious to numerous types of cyber-attacks that could compromise the performance of the entire network, which could lead to fatal problems such as a routing attacks, denial-of-service attack, probe, etc. Key management protocols, secure routing, and authentication protocols cannot offer WSN protections for such kinds of attacks. The intrusion detection scheme is the way to solve the issue. This paper proposes an Enhanced simulated annealing based support vector machine algorithm for intrusion detection. Traditional features selection algorithm simulating annealing takes much time to run. So, to avoid this problem, we have introduced Enhanced simulated annealing. From the performance results, it can be seen that our proposed feature selection method provides better performance results than the existing method.
Enhanced Diversity Gain of Subcarrier Index Modulated MIMO-GFDM using Constellation Precoding Technique for 5G
Authors: Kumar Relangi Anil , K Satya Prasad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The massive growth of mobile users and various applications in coming days requires an enhanced Radio Access Technology (eRAT) to improve the diversity gain and spectral efficiency. Current research on Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) modulation technique combined with Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna system gives good resource allocation, out band emission and better signal strengths over the existing Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) techniques. The proposed scheme explains the improvement of diversity gain, spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of MIMO-GFMD system by combining the benefits of Subcarrier Index Modulation (SIM) and Constellation Precoding (CP) Technique. It is referred as SIM-CP-MIMO-GFDM system. In order to achieve the requirements, in proposed scheme few subcarriers are activated by index modulation bits in quadrature/in-phase dimensions and then data symbols are constellation Precoded. At the receiver, data blocks are detected by using QR Decomposition based Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection. Finally, this paper explains both theoretical and simulation result analysis that the proposed SIM-CP-MIMO-GFDM system outperforms compared to existing systems.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Multi-Objective User Association for LTE-A Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Summakieh Mhd Amen , Tan Chee Keong , Ng Yin Hoe , El-Saleh Ayman A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a promising communication paradigm to satisfy the diverse requirements of Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). Associating users with different base station tiers using the conventional technique based on the highest received SINR is not viable in HetNets due to its rigid association, which only aims at throughput maximization. Many e orts have been made to tackle the optimization problem of user association with a single objective such as throughput, fairness or energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-objective user association technique using particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the aim of jointly maximizing the throughput and the network balance index (NBI). By incorporating weight factors into the proposed scheme, the system operator has the flexibility to configure the priority levels of throughput and NBI. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed multi-objective user association technique achieves better performance in terms of fitness values compared to the single-objective user association schemes.
Synergetic Physical Freezing and Chemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Sugarcane Bagasse Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Farghaly Ahmed M. , Ahmed Kareman , Gad Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on employing an eco-friendly pretreatment approach for lignocellulosic Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) as a major problematic solid waste in Egypt, complying with the standard legislation as well. The applied technique depended on SCB physical fractionation via freezing, followed by chemical hydrolysis using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and enzymatic hydrolysis. The changes occurred in macrostructure and the entire lignocellulosic compounds during the pretreatment stages were evaluated. Freezing fractionation resulted in relatively low glucose yield and saccharification ratio at -20°C for 2 h of 307.52 mg/gm native SCB and 48.5%, respectively, where no total reducing sugars (TRS) was obtained. Further AHP pretreatment was performed for the frozen-fractionated SCB at -20°C and 2 h with assistance of Box–Behnken Design response surface methodology (RSM). The investigated key parameters were H2O2 concentration (3, 5.5 and 8 %v/v), temperature (25, 42.5 and 60°C) and pretreatment duration (1, 3 and 5 h). The results revealed that the statistical modelling was able to predict the response of glucose yield and TRS production with R2 = 0.8221 and 0.8814, respectively. Applying the optimization tool of RSM, the optimum predicted values of glucose yield and TRS production were (886.51 mg/gm native SCB and 1.44 mg/mL), respectively; confirmed by the experimental analysis (898.5 mg/gm native SCB and 1.32 mg/mL), respectively. The coincided saccharification ratio was 97.5%. These results were obtained at H2O2 of 3 % (v/v), 56.93°C and 1 h which were 4.32 and 2.01 times higher than that obtained during the freezing pretreatment phase for glucose yield and saccharification ratio, respectively.
Researchers Working With City Administrations: Reflecting on Transdisciplinary Collaboration Under Conditions of Shared Goals but Different Constraints
Authors: Home Robert , Bauer Nicole 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Academics and city administrations generally agree that environmental management decisions should be science based, which suggests the value of collaboration between city officials and researchers. Such collaboration, termed “ecology with cities”, is an example of translational ecology that should integrate ecological and social sciences to inform decision-makers. However, there has been insufficient reflection on whether ecology with cities achieves the expected development of practical social-ecological knowledge for the common good. We addressed this gap by asking city officials and researchers, in Switzerland and with whom we have collaborated in the past, about their motivations for, and experiences with, transdisciplinary collaboration. The respondents reported largely overlapping goals and an awareness of the mutual benefits of accessing the skills and resources of the other group. However, the reflections also unearthed latent tensions related to insufficient mutual awareness of institutional boundaries and limitations. We conclude that researchers should try to include collaboration partners who have experience in translational ecology practice and should establish learning processes early in a collaboration. Building good working relationships with city administrations and establishing such processes would facilitate the creation of realistic mutual expectations in which institutional limitations are considered so that common goals of maintaining or improving the ecological quality of cities can be amicably reached.
Phytoremediation using Phyllostachys pubescens (Moso Bamboo) to reduce the risk of chromium exposure
Authors: Ranieri Ezio , Cosanti Barbara , Ranieri Ada Cristina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, a bamboo species, the Phyllostachys pubescens – Moso Bamboo (MB) -, was selected for its heavy metals accumulation and translocation potential to restore Cr-contaminated soil. In order to evaluate the potential for phytoremediation using MB to restore Cr-contaminated soil, pot experiments were carried out in simulated Mediterranean conditions, in laboratory, in a controlled environment, at a temperature of 20°C. Cr removal from soil was 43 % starting from a Cr content of approx. 200 mg/kg Dry Weight and the quantity of Cr per gram of root and rhizome was equal to 1.31 mg/g dw, while the quantity of Cr per gram of stem and leaves was equal to 0.86 mg/g dw, after 12 weeks. Pot experiments confirm that phytoremediation using plants such as MB provides an alternative approach for handling Cr-contaminated soil.
Estimating landscape structure effects on pollination for management of agricultural landscapes
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Barghjelveh Shahindokht , Dong Pinliang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effects of habitat fragmentation to find a pattern of forest patches in agricultural landscapes that provide the highest pollination level. For this purpose, using simulated agricultural landscapes, including different forest proportions and degrees of fragmentation, pollination in different scenarios was estimated. We used landscape metrics to measure the landscape composition and configuration of each simulated landscape and estimated their statistical relationship with pollination. Our results showed that the effects of fragmentation on pollination were affected by two significant factors; 1- habitat amount and 2- small patches' capacity to supply pollination. Our results showed that when small patches' capacity in supplying pollination was low, fragmentation decreased pollination. When this capacity was very high, landscapes with a high degree of fragmentation showed higher levels of pollination. There was an exception for habitat amounts less than 0.1 of the entire landscape that increasing edge density, aggregation, and the number of patches, resulted in increasing pollination in all scenarios.