bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of combining immunotherapy with primary (Chemo)radiotherapy in curative treatment settings of the head and neck cancer
Authors: Dua Divyanshu , Kelly Charles , Kovarik Josef , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe introduction of immunotherapy into the radical management of head and neck cancer (HNC) is a fast moving phenomenon, which is constantly developing. Although now established in the management of recurrent and metastatic disease in HNC, its use in radical treatment is being investigated in a whole spectrum of clinical trials looking at which immune altering agents give the best results, which can be added safely to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy for greatest efficiency and when the most appropriate time to add these agents is in the neoadjuvant, concurrent on adjuvant settings.These multiple questions produce a complex matrix for HNC investigators and this article brings together the existing evidence and contemporary trials going on with immunotherapy in HNC, giving an up to date snapshot of present investigations and near future directions for further research.
Resection arthrodesis and osteoarticular allografts reconstruction after resection of primary bone tumors around the knee: Long‐term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for failure of biological reconstruction
Authors: Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Paholpak Permsak , Sirichativapee Winai , Kosuwon Weerachai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe biological reconstruction of the knee with osteoarticular allografts and resection arthrodesis have been reported but there has not yet been a direct comparison between both these procedures. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors that influence failure of biological reconstruction and compared the results between both procedures.MethodsBetween 1994 and 2017, we performed 92 limb‐sparing procedures using resection arthrodesis (n = 53) and osteoarticular allograft reconstruction (n = 39) for the management of primary bone tumors around the knee. The minimum follow‐up time was 2 years in both groups.ResultsThe failure rate of reconstruction in the osteoarticular allograft and resection arthrodesis group was 48.7% and 39.6%, respectively (p = 0.75). The mean MSTS score in the osteoarticular allograft and resection arthrodesis group was 23.7 and 21.8, respectively (p = 0.01). The significant risk factor for failure after biological reconstruction was the administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.001; HR = 3.39; 95% CI, 1.60–7.17).ConclusionPatients who underwent osteoarticular allograft had a better functional outcome than those who underwent resection arthrodesis reconstruction, but clinical outcomes between the groups were comparable. Chemotherapy is a significant adverse prognostic factor for failure of biological reconstruction.
The minimum standard of care for managing malignant pleural mesothelioma in developing nations within the Asia‐Pacific Region
Authors: Ke Helen , Kao Steven , Lee Kenneth , Takahashi Ken , Goh Hui Poh , Linton Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable malignancy associated with high symptom burden and poor prognosis. The relationship between asbestos exposure and MPM incidence is well‐established. The incidence rate of MPM in Australia and New Zealand is among the highest globally. Matching the experience of other nations with legal restrictions on asbestos, incidence is expected to fall. In contrast, the incidence of MPM is rising in the developing nations of the Asia‐Pacific as consumption and mining (albeit to a lesser extent) of asbestos continues. The incidence of MPM in these nations is currently low or unknown, reflecting insufficient latency periods since industrial use of asbestos, deficient resources for accurate diagnosis, and lack of occupational disease or cancer registries. The landscape of treatment for MPM is rapidly changing with combination immunotherapy now demonstrating improved survival in the first‐line setting. Considering vast global inequity in access to anticancer treatments, establishing minimum standard of care for MPM in developing nations is of greater significance. Here, we review the evidence that form the basis of our minimum‐standard recommendations for diagnosis, systemic treatment, management of recurrent pleural effusions, and symptom management. We also briefly review evidence‐based treatment that may be considered for those with access.
Itraconazole in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: A case‐based review of the literature
Authors: Ip Ken Hiu‐Kan , McKerrow Kevin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractItraconazole is as an anti‐fungal agent with the ability to inhibit the Hedgehog signalling pathway, which makes it a candidate drug that can be repurposed for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). We present a case of metastatic BCC, treated with oral itraconazole 100 mg twice daily, that resulted in sustained partial regression of metastatic pulmonary nodules. A systematic review on the clinical outcomes of BCCs treated with itraconazole highlights that current evidence for its clinical application remains limited and that this is the first case report where itraconazole monotherapy has achieved favourable response in metastatic BCC.
Revisiting the Concept of the Property State: Private Landowners and Suburban Development in Hong Kong
Authors: Yau Yung , Choi Cheung Tin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Under the prevailing land‐leasehold system, the Hong Kong government is thought to be the dominant supplier of land for housing development and for economic transformation. These characteristics make Hong Kong a “property state,” to use a concept developed by Anne Haila. However, the protection of private property rights has long been a core value in the city. As a result, private developers and investors have endeavored to build up their own land banks, enabling private‐profit‐oriented entities to dominate the land supply market for housing development. This article supplements previous works on land monopoly in Hong Kong. While previous works focused mainly on the role of the property lobby in the disposal of new land by the government, this article offers another perspective on land monopoly, based on the case of underutilized land resources in the New Territories of Hong Kong. By focusing on growth coalitions and the projects that they introduce to boost growth and enhance land values, this article provides insight into the political economy of urban development in Hong Kong. In light of the soaring property prices in the city, the Hong Kong government planned to open up the suburbs to affordable housing; yet, the government’s initiative has been hindered by the strong opposition of the owners of suburban land (including brownfield sites and abandoned agricultural land). In this article, we argue that these landowners with vested land interests are anti‐growth coalitions rather than pro‐growth coalitions. We demonstrate how the city’s growth machine is subverted by the hoarding of land in the suburbs by a small group of people.
Private Landed Property and Finance: A Checkered History
Authors: Ryan‐Collins Josh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the links between private property in land and the financial system. Private landed property (PLP) has played an important role in supporting the growth of modern banking and credit systems, industrialization, and economic democratization. However, since the 1980s, high‐income economies have exhibited a strong preference for PLP as a form of tenure, in the form of home ownership in particular. This pattern has combined with financial liberalization and innovation to create a land‐finance feedback cycle with negative social and economic outcomes. They include a housing affordability crisis for younger and poorer socioeconomic groups; rising wealth inequality as land rents have become more concentrated; economic stagnation due to capital misallocation; and increased financial fragility as household debt has exploded. We illustrate these historical processes in the Anglo‐Saxon “home‐owning democracies,” where they have been strongest, focusing in particular on the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. This article considers how alternative tenure arrangements and reforms to finance and taxation could help mediate these dynamics.
Urban Village Shareholding: Cooperative Economic Organization in Northeast China
Authors: Sa Haoxuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the economic reforms of the 1970s, local Chinese urban authorities have requisitioned rural land near cities. To protect their land from these practices, many urban village collectives have established a cooperative shareholding system, but their motives remain unclear. Neoclassical economics suggests that such enterprises seek to maximize profits. Guided by the original institutional‐economics approach, I investigate this question empirically by interviewing residents of Mengke village in Chaoyang city, Liaoning Province, northeast China. These data reveal four startling findings about the motives behind the shareholding system. First, collective economic organizations do not simply seek the maximization of profit. Second, the shareholding cooperative system adopted by village collectives helps villagers resist external threats such as land loss. Third, the collective economic organization is not merely a firm or a single market; it may work as a firm and a market simultaneously. Finally, managing of common property contributes to maintaining the identity of the collective. These findings suggest that the theories of neoclassical urban economics and new institutional economics fundamentally mischaracterize urban cooperatives.
The association between hormonal contraceptive use and glaucoma in women of reproductive age
Authors: Hogden Kate , Mikelberg Frederick , Sodhi Mohit , Khosrow‐Khavar Farzin , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Kezouh Abbas , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: June 2021

AimsWe aimed to investigate the association between hormonal contraceptive (HC) use and the incidence of glaucoma in females of reproductive age with a focus on duration and type of HCs used.MethodsA retrospective cohort study with a case–control analysis (nested case–control) was undertaken using data from IQVIA's electronic medical record (IQVIA, USA) from 2008 to 2018. Within a cohort of 4 871 504 women, cases of glaucoma or ocular hypertension were identified. Subjects were followed to the first diagnosis of glaucoma. Each glaucoma case was matched to four controls by age, body mass index and follow up time. The main outcome measure was the first diagnosis of glaucoma defined by the first ICD‐9/10 code for glaucoma or ocular hypertension.ResultsAmong 4 871 504 women identified, there were 2366 cases of glaucoma and 9464 controls. Regular users of hormonal contraceptives had an elevated risk of glaucoma compared to non‐users with an adjusted incident rate ratio (aIRR) of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.29–1.92). Current users were of greatest risk (aIRR of 2.38, 95% CI: 1.81–3.13), whereas the aIRR among past users was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.82–1.43). The aIRR for glaucoma increased from 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70–0.95) among those with one or two prescriptions in the 2 years prior to the first diagnosis of glaucoma to 1.54 (95% CI: 1.32–1.81) among those with greater than four prescriptions.ConclusionsThis nested case–control study demonstrated an elevated risk, albeit low, of glaucoma in females of reproductive age who use regular hormonal contraception. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Clinical utility of subclassifying positive surgical margins at radical prostatectomy
Authors: Dason Shawn , Vertosick Emily A. , Udo Kazuma , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Vickers Andrew J. , Al‐Ahmadie Hikmat , Chen Ying‐Bei , Gopalan Anuradha , Joseph Sirintrapun S. , Tickoo Satish K. , Scardino Peter T. , Eastham James A. , Reuter Victor E. , Fine Samson W. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether subclassification of positive surgical margins (PSMs) increases predictive ability for biochemical recurrence (BCR) and aids clinical decision‐making in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Patients and MethodsWe studied 2147 patients with pT2 and pT3a prostate cancer with detailed surgical margin parameters and BCR status. We compared a base model, a linear predictor calculated from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center postoperative nomogram (prostate‐specific antigen, pathological tumour grade and stage), with the addition of surgical margin status to five additional models (base model plus surgical margin subclassifications) to evaluate enhancement in predictive accuracy. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to determine the clinical utility of parameters that enhanced predictive accuracy.ResultsAmong 2147 men, 205 had PSMs, and 231 developed BCR. Discrimination for the base model with addition of surgical margin status was high (c‐index = 0.801) and not meaningfully improved by adding surgical margin subclassification in the full cohort. In analyses considering only men with PSMs (N = 55 with BCR), adding surgical margin subclassification to the base model increased discrimination for total length of all PSMs – alone or with maximum Gleason grade at the margin (c‐index improvement = 0.717 to 0.752 and 0.753, respectively). DCA demonstrated a modest benefit to clinical utility with the addition of these parameters.ConclusionsSpecific subclassification parameters add predictive accuracy for BCR and may aid clinical utility in decision‐making for patients with PSMs. These findings may be useful for patient counselling and future adjuvant therapy trial design.
Upregulation of HOXC9 generates interferon‐gamma resistance in gastric cancer by inhibiting the DAPK1/RIG1/STAT1 axis
Authors: Tang Yuanxin , Wang Taifang , Yu Yue , Yan Yuhao , Wu Chunli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClinical reports indicate that gastric cancer (GC) has a high mortality rate, but its pathological mechanism remains poorly understood. This work integrated bioinformatics analysis with experimental verification to explore novel biomarkers of gastric cancer. First, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was applied to screen significant genes correlated with GC development. Gene set enrichment analysis was also used to unearth the most relevant biological functions of significant genes. As a result, we discovered homeobox C9 (HOXC9) as a novel oncogene in GC, primarily through negatively regulating immune response. High expression of HOXC9 predicted a poor prognosis in GC patients, and knocking down HOXC9 efficiently enhanced the interferon‐gamma (IFNγ)‐dependent apoptosis in two GC cell lines as well as organoids from patients. Furthermore, cleaved caspase‐3/7 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p‐STAT1) were also significantly enhanced in HOXC9 knockdown cells and organoids treated with IFNγ. Mechanistically, we found that HOXC9 inhibited the death‐associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) and its downstream retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG1) to generate GC IFNγ resistance. In summary, we identified and confirmed that HOXC9 generates IFNγ resistance in GC by inhibiting the DAPK1/RIG1/p‐STAT1 axis.
Long‐term response to cabergoline and multi‐modal treatment in men with macroprolactinoma: Does size really matter?
Authors: Rudman Yaron , Duskin‐Bitan Hadar , Manisterski Yossi , Pertzov Barak , Akirov Amit , Masri‐Iraqi Hiba , Shimon Ilan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the outcome of men with macroprolactinoma following cabergoline treatment based on tumour size.DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe study included 94 men, divided into three groups according to adenoma diameter: 10–19 mm (Group A, n = 36); 20–39 mm (Group B, n = 41); or ≥40 mm (Group C, giant prolactinomas, n = 17). Patients were followed for a mean of 7.5 years with sellar magnetic resonance imaging, visual fields and hormone measurements.ResultsMean baseline prolactin was 767, 2090 and 24,806 ng/ml in Groups A, B and C, respectively (p < .01). Prolactin suppression below three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) was achieved in 34 (94%; mean weekly cabergoline dose of 1.2 mg), 37 (90%; cabergoline dose, 2.1 mg) and 15 (88%; cabergoline dose, 2.8 mg) men (p = .31) in each group. After excluding patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy, cabergoline suppressed prolactin below three times ULN in 32/35 (91%), 29/37 (78%) and 11/14 (79%) men in Groups A, B and C, respectively (p = .27). Visual deficits were observed in 5 (14%), 12 (29%) and 10 (59%) patients (p < .01); improvement was achieved in 5/5 (100%), 11/12 (92%) and 10/10 (100%) of men in Groups A, B and C. Low baseline testosterone was measured in 26 (72%), 39 (95%) and 17 (100%) patients in the three groups (p < .01). Following multi‐modal treatment, hypogonadism persisted in 3 (8%), 5 (12%) and 2 (12%) men, respectively (p = .85).ConclusionMacroprolactinomas in men were controlled with cabergoline in 84% of cases, independent of tumour size. Pituitary surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy further improved long‐term response to 91%.
Reducing the cost of B2B logistics via night deliveries: Does it really work?
Authors: Suzuki Yoshinori , Lan Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNight delivery is an approach increasingly used by motor carriers to improve the efficiency of business‐to‐business logistics. Many benefits of night deliveries have been reported in the literature, but in practice, not every carrier is benefitting from night deliveries. In fact, anecdotal evidence suggests that many carriers are losing money from night deliveries. While a limited number of past studies have discussed the disadvantages of night deliveries, in many cases, they cannot explain why carriers are not benefitting from night deliveries. This implies that some disadvantages of night deliveries may still be currently unknown. This paper seeks to identify such “hidden” disadvantages by studying this issue through the lens of transportation economics. Understanding such disadvantages can contribute to both theories and practice of night deliveries, especially for decision making on night‐delivery adoption by carriers, as it can lead to a better understanding of when and where night deliveries might be beneficial or detrimental.
Orofacial trauma injuries and disability assessment in adolescents: A Portuguese study
Authors: Nunes Tiago , Almiro Pedro Armelim , Coelho Joana , Caetano Catarina , Figueiredo José P. , Corte‐Real Ana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsOrofacial injuries are a significant public health issue. The evidence‐based knowledge associated with adolescent violence and trauma is highlighted by the World Health Organization with regard to its specific needs related to disability, violence, and unintentional injuries. The main aim of this study was to present evidence‐based information about orofacial traumatic injuries of an adolescent population using Portuguese epidemiological data. The second aim was to report follow‐up data of injuries for disability assessment in a trauma prevention approach.MethodsAn observational cohort study was performed using the clinical database of the national‐specialist‐healthcare‐centre‐of‐trauma (2014–2018). Information was collected regarding gender, school age range, etiology, injury type, injury time, and severity. Mann–Whitney (p < .05), Kruskal–Wallis (p < .001), and Cox regression (p < .001) analyses were performed.ResultsOrofacial trauma injuries were present in 23.3% of Portuguese adolescents (age range 10–18 years). The majority were male (72.6%), and no age range stood out in frequency. School accidents (90.6%) were the major etiology for all groups of injuries. The diagnosis of superficial intraoral injuries was the most frequent (50.8%), followed by similar injuries to the face (22.5%). A Cox regression model with an adequate fit was yielded (χ2 [6] = 54.893, p < .001), suggesting that variable injury type was a predictor of disability, considering injury time. Tooth and alveolar loss, complicated tooth fracture, complicated face injury, and temporomandibular injuries were more predictive (1<hazard ratio < 5.329 [95% CI:1.340–12.685]).ConclusionThe type of injury could be used to predict the time of temporary disability. Regarding definitive damage, some injuries were more predictive of severity than others. Preventive procedures should be highlighted in schools.
Gaze mechanisms enabling the detection of faint stars in the night sky
Authors: Alexander Robert G. , Mintz Ronald J. , Custodio Paul J. , Macknik Stephen L. , Vaziri Alipasha , Venkatakrishnan Ashwin , Gindina Sofya , Martinez‐Conde Susana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor millennia, people have used “averted vision” to improve their detection of faint celestial objects, a technique first documented around 325 BCE. Yet, no studies have assessed gaze location during averted vision to determine what pattern best facilitates perception. Here, we characterized averted vision while recording eye‐positions of dark‐adapted human participants, for the first time. We simulated stars of apparent magnitudes 3.3 and 3.5, matching their brightness to Megrez (the dimmest star in the Big Dipper) and Tau Ceti. Participants indicated whether each star was visible from a series of fixation locations, providing a comprehensive map of detection performance in all directions. Contrary to prior predictions, maximum detection was first achieved at ~8° from the star, much closer to the fovea than expected from rod‐cone distributions alone. These findings challenge the assumption of optimal detection at the rod density peak and provide the first systematic assessment of an age‐old facet of human vision.
Electrophysiological correlates of saving‐enhanced memory: Exploring similarities to list‐method directed forgetting
Authors: Runge Yannick , Frings Christian , Tempel Tobias , Pastötter Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople regularly outsource parts of their memory onto external memory stores like computers or smartphones. Such cognitive offloading can enhance subsequent memory performance, as referred to the saving‐enhanced memory effect (Storm & Stone, 2015). The cognitive mechanisms of this effect are not clear to date, however similarities to list‐method directed forgetting (LMDF) have been stated. Here, we examined in 52 participants the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates of the saving‐enhanced memory effect and compared our results to earlier LMDF findings (Hanslmayr et al., 2012). For this purpose, EEG alpha power and alpha phase synchrony during the encoding of two word lists were compared as a function of saving or no‐saving. We hypothesised that if saving‐enhanced memory was related to LMDF, saving in comparison to no‐saving between lists should reduce alpha power and alpha phase synchrony during List 2 encoding, two effects that have been related to List 2 encoding benefits and List 1 inhibition in the earlier LMDF work. The results showed no statistically significant saving‐enhanced memory effect and no significant effects in EEG alpha power or alpha phase synchrony. Possible explanations for and implications of these non‐significant findings are discussed.