bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable foams based on extracted fractions from sorghum by-products
Authors: Luna P , Darniadi S , Chatzifragkou A , Charalampopoulos D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agricultural by-products comprise abundant, renewable sources of value-added compounds for the food and packaging industries. The production of biodegradable foams can be focused on replacement of polystyrene-foam with biodegradable materials, which are regarded as environmentally friendly. In this study, biodegradable food trays were developed via thermopressing, using modified and unmodified corn starches with additional extracted fractions (celluloses, hemicelluloses, and lignin) from sorghum stalk and bran. The effect of several formulations of extracted fractions from sorghum by-products on bio-foam properties was studied. All trays presented thicknesses between 3 and 4.17 mm, density between 0.16 and 0.64 g cm−3, and moisture content between 5 and 12% (dry basis). The foam trays made from chemically modified starch had lower densities, higher tensile strength and elongation at break than unmodified starch. The increment of cellulose fraction from 2% to 5% and hemicellulose fraction from 1% to 10% had significant effect on the trays’ physical and mechanical properties. All trays exhibited no color and structural changes during storage at 25 °C and 4 °C. The formulation presenting the best properties contained 2% of cellulose and 1% of hemicellulose, had a maximal resistance of 0.77 MPa and 9.46 mJ of total work, attributes which corresponded to a compact, homogenous, and dense microstructure.
The Characterization of hydrocarbon compounds in bio-oil produced by pyrolysis of biomass from the essential oil distilled residue using ZSM-5 and YSZ catalysts
Authors: Fauziah Firdania , Setiadi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main hydrocarbon containing in petroleum and natural gas are important feedstocks for various kinds of fuel and petrochemical products, but these non-renewable resources will diminish their supply over time and that is why the development of environmentally friendly hydrocarbon resources whose more secure should be driven. One of the origins could become the residue of the distillation process of essential oils using catalytic pyrolysis that would produce the hydrocarbon distribution products. The use of acid catalysts such as ZSM-5 can improve the hydrocarbon in bio-oil. However, the use of zeolites can mainly accelerate the cracking of long molecules to make hydrocarbon molecules simpler by forming carbonium ions from the carbon-carbon chain. Thus, requiring a modification of the catalyst with adds YSZ catalyst, which can cut off oxygen from the hydrocarbon group is needed to improve the results of catalytic pyrolysis. The results of this study showed that the maximum temperature at 550 °C was able to increase the yield of steam products and the production of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. Similarly, the optimization condition of the argon gas flow rate is 100 mL/min. In that condition, the fluidization of biomass material occurs maximally, and the occurrence of the heat transfer process is very fast. While the optimum ratio of YSZ/ZSM-5 catalyst was achieved by a 3:2 ratio. YSZ is very effective at 550 °C in assisting ZSM-5 to form non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. It can be proofed by GC-MS results that non-oxygenated compounds produced such a group of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon cyclic, paraffin, and aromatic compounds are dominant.
Application of MAG (monoacyl glycerol) as emulsifier with red palm oil in body cream product
Authors: Qatrinada  , Setyaningsih Dwi , Aminingsih Tri 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Palm Fatty Acid Destilate (PFAD) is one of the wastes from the palm oil processing. PFAD can be reacted with glycerol to form MAG (monoacyl glycerol). MAG is an emulgator that can be applied in a cosmetic product in the form of a red palm oil cream. Red palm oil is one of the products processed from palm oil that still has a lot of natural antioxidant content such as carotenoids and vitamin E. formulation of red palm oil cream is carried out by treating variations of stearic acid substitution with red palm oil 50%, 75% and 100% as the source of active ingredients and variations in the combination of MAG and tween 80 as emulsifiers with each weight ratio of 1:3; 2:2 and 3:1. Each formula is then characterized based on its physical properties such as type of emulsion, pH, and stability of the emulsion. Some formulas that have the best physical properties will be selected and continued with sensory and total carotene tests. The synthesize MAG used has the characteristics of water content, free fatty acids and free glycerol, each at 1.27%; 0% and 0.37%. with a pure MAG yield of 18.85%. The best formula for red palm oil cream is formula with variation of stearic acid substitution with red palm oil by 50% and a variation of the MAG: tween 80 combination of 2:2. The formula has a HLB emulgator value of 9.4 and contains active carotenoid of 311.82 ppm.
Aquaculture Development Monitoring on Mangrove Forest in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan
Authors: Fawzi N I , Husna V N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aquaculture development is thriving to provide fish product demand. One-fifth of mangrove forest destruction in the coastal region is from aquaculture, where ninety percent occurred in South East Asia. The mangrove forest conversion for aquaculture development is also mirroring in Mahakam Delta which started in the early 1980s. In this paper, we examined the impact of aquaculture development in Mahakam Delta on the mangrove forest ecosystems using remote sensing. Thirty years of monitoring data were used using six Landsat images series (Landsat 5 and 8). The result found a massive development of aquaculture in the Mahakam Delta occurred in the late 1990s, in which 41% of mangrove forests converted into ponds. The unstable political situation in Indonesia and the decrease of rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar are the leading factors. Since the mid-2010s, aquaculture productivity has been declining and that many farmers decided to abandon their ponds. The condition made mangrove cover increase up to 4,000 hectares due to natural regeneration. Nevertheless, aquaculture ponds cover 54.8% of Mahakam Delta in 2020. To minimize the impact on the ecosystem, it needs to manage aquaculture sustainably with mangrove conservation.
Spatial Distribution of Lift Net (bagan) and The Impact on Sardinella lemuru Catches in Senggrong Bay, Banyuwangi
Authors: Sukresno B , Kusuma D W , Jatisworo D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The spatial distribution of lift net (bagan) and the impact on the Sardinella lemuru (lemuru) catches in Senggrong bay - Banyuwangi has been analysed. The data used in this study consists of Pleiades satellite data, aerial photographs of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drones and in situ measurements in the same period. Fishery data during 2013 to 2017 were analysed to determine the variability of Lemuru catches. The analysis of bagan spatial distribution was performed using visual interpretation technique. Spatial distribution of bagan was analyzed by overlaying data at different period. The results show that the number of bagan in Senggrong bay were 85 unit and spread evenly throughout the bay. In the northwest monsoon, the bagan were spreadedin the northern part of the bay, while in the southeast monsoon, the bagan were shifted to the south due to the high waves and wind speed. Lemuru spawning time was occured in May – July. During spawning time, the amount of Lemuru catches by bagan was relatively low. The peak of lemuru catch was occurred in the period of October to January. The impact of bagan on the decreasing of lemuru abundance is relatively low.
The Effect of Seaweed Extract on The Growth of Shoot of Shallot (Allium wakegi Araki) Lembah Palu Variety on in vitro
Authors: Yusuf R , Made U , Syakur A , aestary R N , Kalaba Y , Pasigai M A , Hawalina  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Plant cultivation using sand media and conventional soil methods often have time and environmental constraint. One method that is expected to support the supply of quality shallots seeds is to propagate the seeds through tissue culture techniques. This study aims to know the effect of seaweed concentration on the growth of local palu shallot shoot in vitro. This research was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. This study conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) of one factor consisting of five levels, namely, without seaweed extract, seaweed extract the concentration of 5%, seaweed extract concentration of 10%, seaweed extract. The concentration of 15%, and seaweed extract concentration of 20%. Every treatment was quadruplicate; therefore, there were 20 experimental plots. Every unit of the experiment was planted with two explants; thus, the total sample amounted to 40. The results showed, adding 20% seaweed extract, in general, gave better growth in all parameters of the number of leaves and leaf length indicated by the number of leaves (7.50) and leaves size (10.80 cm).
Occurrence and Prediction of Coral Bleaching Based on Ocean Surface Temperature Anomalies and Global Warming in Indonesian Waters
Authors: Gusviga B H , Subiyanto  , Faizal I , Yusri S , Sari S K , Purba N P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the locations of coral bleaching events in Indonesia based on the Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) from the 2015-2019 period. SST was downloaded from the satellite with a resolution of 4 km. The method used was the Hotspot Index and Degree Heating Week issued by the National Ocean Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) through the Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program. Results obtained from the Hotspots index shows that almost all Indonesian waters have the potential to experience coral bleaching and the area that has a high potential is West Sumatra with the Death Index Degree Heating Week reaching 8-12 °C - weeks with Alert Level 2 status. an increase in temperature by 1.5°C as a result of global warming, then the area with the most massive death impact was West Sumatra with an increase of 3.82 - 6.32°C - weeks. The relationship between SST anomaly and coral reef mortality is 55 - 56%, so it is a strong relationship category.
Drying Kinetics and Study of Physical Characteristic Using Image Analysis of Dried Salted Striped Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus)
Authors: Wafa R H , Agustini T W , Fahmi A S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDried salted striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of dried fish produced by salt fermentation and drying process. Drying temperature, time, and methods cause specific characteristic of the product. Human visualization is limited and the conventional method to analyze the characteristic of the product is time consuming so that accurate method is needed with digital image analysis or image processing. The study aimed to determine mathematic model which show the characteristics of dried salted striped catfish cause by different drying process and to observe the visual transformations which is stated in image parameter of RGB, L*a*b, hue, saturation, intensity, area, and texture (entropy, energy, contrast, and homogeneity). This research did by using the temperature settings of 40, 50, and 60°C for 12 hours. Moisture content was carried out every two hours. The images were taken per hour for accurate results. The mathematical models used are Lewis, Henderson and Pabis, and Page. The mathematical models were obtained from the regression analysis. The research showed that the drying constant (k) was directly proportional to temperature increase. Model Page is more suitable than the other mathematical models because it has the highest R2value and the lowest value of SEE (Standard Error of Estimate). The result of diffusivity effective for each temperature with the value of 8.776 × 10−3; 31.922 × 10−3; 48.389 × 10−3, with the activation energy of 74.34 kJ/g mol. The digital image has a strong correlation with moisture content reduction with R2> 0.8. The results of entropy and energy on textures were continued withMultiple Linear Regression(MLR) analysis produce equation of Moisture Content (%) = 188.721 + (Energy x 40.249) + (Entropy × (-25.801)).
The Growth Analysis of Euchema cottonii using The Simple Longline Method and Basket Method on The Coast of Kemojan Island
Authors: Nugroho R A , Wijayanto D , Kurohman F , Maulina I D , Puspitasari R E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of seaweed cultivation method that support marine conservation needs to be done on Kemojan Island. The use of basket to cultivate seaweed can reduce the conflict between seaweed farmers and sea turtle protection compared to the longline method that used by local people on Kemojan Island at the present. The purpose of this study was to analyze the seaweed growth (E. cottonii) using the basket method compared to the simple longline method. Seaweed cultivavtion was conducted for 21 days. We measured the growth variables include biomass growth and daily growth rate. This study proved that the simple longline method produces higher seaweed growth than the basket method. However, the simple longline method is more prone to harvest failure than the basket method. In the absence of disease, the growth of seaweed on the simple longline method was 1.8% per day, while in the basket method was 1.2% per day.
International tourists’ attitudes towards street food in Malacca, Malaysia
Authors: Noradzhar B , Hamid Zuliah A , Azmi Ain Fatihin N , Redzuan Nursyafiqa M , Syazwana S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Street food is referred to as food that is prepared or cooked, which is then sold by vendors in streets or other public locations for immediate consumption. Many locals or international tourists prefer street food rather than food served at a restaurant. The reason simply because street food offers quality food at an affordable price. This study aims to identify and examine the factors that influence the international tourists’ attitudes towards street food in Malacca. Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is adapted as a conceptual framework which represent four variables which are affection, hygiene, food quality and service quality. The research instrument being used to collect the data is an online questionnaire from 386 respondents among whom are the international tourists in the city of Malacca. Descriptive analysis, a reliability test and a correlational coefficient test were used to analyse the findings. The result of this study proves that affection is the most important factor in influencing international tourists’ attitude towards street food in Malacca and their intentions to revisit the city.
Effects of pretreating in vitro matured of native Thai cattle oocyte with docetaxel before vitrification on their viability
Authors: Pitchayapipatkul J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study was to investigate the efficacy of docetaxel (DT) at reducing microtubule damage during vitrification and maintaining the developmental competence of vitrified-warmed oocytes in native Thai cattle. Native Thai cattle cow oocyte from ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular aspiration (UTFA) were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM). Then, the IVM oocytes were pretreating with DT in various concentration (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 µM) and subjected to cryopreservation by Cryotop vitrification method. The survival rate of vitrified-warmed oocyte, cleavage and blastocyst formation rate after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and blastocyst nucleic cell numbers were evaluated in this study. Pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05 µM DT before vitrification resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) rates of oocyte survival and cleavage after IVF, and subsequent blastocyst formation on Days 7-8, hatching and hatched on Days 8-9, compared with oocytes pretreated with 0.5 and 1.0 µM DT before vitrification or those vitrified and the control group. Pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 µM DT before vitrification without side effects on blastocyst nucleic cell numbers. In summary, pretreatment of IVM native Thai cattle oocytes with 0.05 μM DT before vitrification improved survival of vitrified-warmed oocytes, fertilization and developmental competence.
Weeds diversity in oil palm plantation at Segamat, Johor
Authors: Ali N B M , Karim M F A , Saharizan N , Adnan N S , Mazri N H , Fikri N A , Amaludin N A , Zakaria R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research was conducted to study weeds composition and diversity with regards to management practices at three oil palm plantations in Segamat, Johor. Using nested quadrat sampling approach, a total of 19 families, 35 genera, 43 species and 4465 number of individuals of weeds species were found and recorded from the three plantations. The Shannon diversity index, H’ was 3.45 whereas the Evenness index, EH for the overall weeds species was 0.92. The highest weed diversity was observed at Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm plantation (H’=3.11) located at the lowest elevation with the least herbicide application and pruning practices followed by Kg. Logah (H’=3.07) and Felda Medoi (H’=2.83). The overall species evenness for this study area was 0.92 indicating that the species distribution was relatively high in monoculture system. At Kg. Logah, the species evenness was almost totally even (EH=0.98) followed by Kg. Sri Rahmat (EH=0.97) and Felda Medoi (EH=0.93). Both family Poaceae and Rubiaceae contributed to the highest species richness within the study area. Therefore, the composition and diversity of weeds recorded from this research was relatively high. There were several factors that could potentially affect the weeds diversity such as farming system, age oil palm plantation, pruning treatment (canopy), management through usage of herbicide, type and usage of fertilizer and location of oil palm plantation based on different elevations. This study is essential for sustaining oil palm production through successful weed control using diversity data and management histories as an indicator.
An overview of the internet of things (IoT) and irrigation approach through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Jusoh M F , Muttalib M F A , Krishnan K T , Katimon A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study evaluates the status of the internet of things (IoT) application in irrigation practices by focusing on the research direction, leading countries and productive researchers. The data from this study was extracted from the Scopus database and analysed using a Publish or Perish and a VOSviewer software for citation analysis and bibliometric map, respectively. The present study reveals that rapid increment of the articles in the subject area began in year 2016 and continues growing until today. India become the most productive country (n = 271), followed by China (n = 88), Indonesia (n = 41) and Malaysia (n = 32) in this topic. The most three prolific authors in this subject area are Wenyan Wu (Birmingham City University, UK), Steve Attard (AgriTech Solutions, Australia), and Yvette Everingham (James Cook University, Australia). This study gives insights into an overview of current and frontier research in the application of the IoT in irrigation related approach. It provides an idea to researcher to contribute the knowledge in under explored research domain.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of an edible Aroid, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott
Authors: Nur-Hadirah K , Arifullah M , Nazahatul A A , Klaiklay S , Chumkaew P , Norhazlini M Z , Zulhazman H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott is an edible aroid from the family of Araceae. It is a tuber crop which is known for its variety of cooking preparation. This study aimed to evaluate the Total Phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) scavenging assay. Methanol fraction showed the highest TPC, whereas the extract obtained using 95% ethanol showed the highest inhibition in DPPH scavenging assay and IC50 values of 308 µg/mL. These results indicate that C. esculenta has antioxidant activity with high phenolic contents which can be consumed as a functional food to increase health benefits and lower the risk of diseases.
Assessment of CO2flux from peat soil under simulated groundwater level and monthly rainfall for sustainable water management in a tropical oil palm plantation
Authors: Irawati W , Pulunggono HB , Sudadi U 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSustainable production of oil palm plantation in tropical peat land is determined by ground water level and rainfall as the important factors controlling the carbon balance. It is not easy to set up a stable groundwater level (GWL) in the field and even more impossible for the monthly rainfall (MRF) to get CO2flux data as the basis for determining technical aspects of water management. This research was aimed to obtain basic CO2flux data under simulated stable GWL and MRF from tropical peat materials of an Indonesian oil palm plantation. The experiment was conducted by applying CRD with those 2 factors as the treatments for 3 months period of greenhouse experimentation. There was no significant interaction effect of the GWL and MRF treatments. The single effect of GWL treatment at −40 cm produced the significant lowest monthly CO2flux with an average of 18.26 t.ha−1.year−1after 3 months experimentation, while that of MRF at 300 mm.month−1resulted in the significant lowest CO2flux of 24 t.ha−1.year−1after 2 months experimentation. It can be recommended that the GWL should be set up in the field at around –40 cm to get the best control on CO2flux.
Growth of chilli plant (Capsicum annuum L.) treated with combined organic and inorganic fertilizer with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rivitra V , Thevan K , Norhafizah M Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biofertilizers are highly recommended, and widely explore its potential in agriculture. Combinations of fertilizers were treated on chili (Capsicum annuum L.). An experiment was conducted at Sik, Kedah, to study the growth performance of chili plants by combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer with biofertilizer. Eleven different fertilization treatments were conducted on Cili Kulai 1033, where Saccharomyces cerevisiae was incorporated as biofertilizer in nine of the treatments. The fertilization treatments were T1 (Control): (No manure + No fertilizer); T2 (NPK[12-12-17] + Poultry Manure [PM]): (5 g + 10 t/ha); T3 (NPK + PM + S. cerevisiae): (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T4 (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); T5 (2.5 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L); T6 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T7 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); T8 (3.75 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L); T9 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 1 g/L); T10 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 3 g/L); and T11 (5 g + 10 t/ha + 5 g/L). It was found that T11 significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of chili. Similarly, T11 gave the highest mean value in terms of plant height at 15, 45, and 75 days after transplanting (DAT) with 7.87, 22.66, and 57.39 cm. Meanwhile, at the same concentration and DAT, the mean value of the leaves number was 5.6, 21.6, and 56.6, respectively. However, T10 showed the maximum leaf area at 75 DAT with 59.40 cm2. Overall, T11 consistently enhanced the chili growth compared to the standard treatment, T2. It suggests that T11 incorporated with S. cerevisiae can be applied as a biofertilizer in chili cultivation.