bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise capacity after total cavopulmonary anastomosis: a longitudinal paediatric and adult study
Authors: Illinger Vojtěch , Materna Ondřej , Slabý Kryštof , Jičínská Denisa , Kovanda Jan , Koubský Karel , Pokorný Jan , Procházka Michal , Antonová Petra , Hoskovec Antonín , Radvanský Jiří , Chaloupecký Václav , Janoušek Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsFontan palliation is a surgical strategy for patients with complex congenital heart disease, in whom biventricular circulation cannot be achieved. Long‐term survival is negatively affected by the absence of sub‐pulmonary ventricle and increased systemic venous pressure. Exercise capacity is a known predictor of overall survival and quality of life in congenital heart defects. We aim to track individual trends of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) after total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), identify predictors of deterioration, and derive a disease‐specific reference V̇O2peak dataset.Methods and resultsA retrospective study of serial cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data, gathered from all patients who underwent TCPC in the Czech Republic between 1992 and 2016. Of 354 consecutive patients with TCPC, 288 (81.4%) patients underwent one or more CPETs yielding 786 unique V̇O2peak values used as a reference dataset. Longitudinal data were available in 206 (58.2%) patients, who underwent a median (inter‐quartile range) of 3.0 (2.0–5.0) CPETs over a mean (standard deviation) of 8.9 (5.5) years. The decline of exercise capacity with age was linear and not faster than in healthy peers (P = 0.47), but relative values of V̇O2peak in TCPC patients were 12.6 mL/min/kg lower. Single ventricular morphology and pulmonary artery size had no significant influence on the exercise capacity dynamics. V̇O2peak decline correlated negatively with the trend of body mass index z‐score (P = 0.006) and was faster in women than men (P = 0.008).ConclusionsTotal cavopulmonary connection patients have significantly reduced exercise capacity. The age‐related decline paralleled the healthy population and correlated negatively with the body mass index trend. The presented V̇O2peak reference dataset may help the clinicians to grade the severity of exercise capacity impairment in individual TCPC patients.
The effect of pH adjusted electrolytes on capillary isoelectric focusing assessed by high‐resolution dynamic computer simulation
Authors: Takácsi‐Nagy Anna , Kilár Ferenc , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe effect of the composition of electrolytes on capillary IEF is assessed for systems with carrier ampholytes covering two pH units and with catholytes of decreased pH, anolytes of increased pH, and both electrode solutions with adjusted pH values. For electrolytes composed of formic acid as anolyte and ammonium hydroxide as catholyte, simulation is demonstrated to provide the expected IEF system in which analytes with pI values within the formed pH gradient are focused and become immobile. Addition of formic acid to the catholyte results in the formation of an isotachophoretic zone structure that migrates toward the cathode. With ammonium hydroxide added to the anolyte migration occurs toward the anode. In the two cases, all carrier components and amphoteric analytes migrate isotachophoretically as cations or anions, respectively. The data reveal that millimolar amounts of a counter ion are sufficient to convert an IEF pattern into an ITP system. With increasing amounts of the added counter ion, the overall length of the migrating zone structure shrinks, the range of the pH gradient changes, and the migration rate increases. The studied examples indicate that systems of this type reported in the literature should be classified as ITP and not IEF. When both electrolytes are titrated, a non‐uniform background electrolyte composed of formic acid and ammonium hydroxide is established in which analytes migrate according to local pH and conductivity without forming IEF or ITP zone structures. Simulation data are in qualitative agreement with previously published experimental data.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia with machine learning‐aided neuropsychological assessment using feature engineering and genetic algorithms
Authors: Garcia‐Gutierrez Fernando , Delgado‐Alvarez Alfonso , Delgado‐Alonso Cristina , Díaz‐Álvarez Josefa , Pytel Vanesa , Valles‐Salgado Maria , Gil María Jose , Hernández‐Lorenzo Laura , Matías‐Guiu Jorge , Ayala José L. , Matias‐Guiu Jordi A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychological assessment is considered a valid tool in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is an important overlap in cognitive profiles between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and the usefulness in diagnosis is uncertain. We aimed to develop machine learning‐based models for the diagnosis using cognitive tests.MethodsThree hundred and twenty‐nine participants (170 AD, 72 bvFTD, 87 healthy control [HC]) were enrolled. Evolutionary algorithms, inspired by the process of natural selection, were applied for both mono‐objective and multi‐objective classification and feature selection. Classical algorithms (NativeBayes, Support Vector Machines, among others) were also used, and a meta‐model strategy.ResultsAccuracies for the diagnosis of AD, bvFTD and the differential diagnosis between them were higher than 84%. Algorithms were able to significantly reduce the number of tests and scores needed. Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, verbal fluency and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination were amongst the most meaningful tests.ConclusionsOur study found high levels of accuracy for diagnosis using exclusively neuropsychological tests, which supports the usefulness of cognitive assessment in diagnosis. Machine learning may have a role in improving the interpretation and test selection.
Pathological categorization of lung carcinoma from multimodality images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jacob Chinnu , Menon Gopakumar Chandrasekhara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate diagnosis and treatment of lung carcinoma depend on its pathological type and staging. Normally, pathological analysis is performed either by needle biopsy or surgery. Therefore, a noninvasive method to detect pathological types would be a good alternative. Hence, this work aims at categorizing different types of lung cancer from multimodality images. The proposed approach involves two stages. Initially, a Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator‐based approach is adopted to extract the slices having lung abnormalities from the dataset. The slices then are transferred to a novel shallow convolutional neural network model to detect adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma from multimodality images. The classifier efficacy is then investigated by comparing precision, recall, area under curve, and accuracy with pretrained models and existing methods. The results narrate that the suggested system outperformed with a testing accuracy of 95% in Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), 93% in CT images of the Lung‐PET‐CT‐DX dataset, and 98% in the Lung3 dataset. Furthermore, a kappa score of 0.92 in PET/CT of Lung‐PETCT‐DX and 0.98 in CT of Lung3 exhibited the effectiveness of the presented system in the field of lung cancer classification.
Pharmacists' role in buprenorphine management for opioid use disorder: A narrative review
Authors: Cleary Jacqueline , Engle Amanda , Winans Amanda 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe continued rise in patients treated for opioid use disorder (OUD) has called for an increase in access to OUD therapies. Pharmacists, who have previously demonstrated their value in various disease states, have begun to address gaps in OUD care by facilitating buprenorphine treatment. The objective was to review current literature and characterize the pharmacists' role in buprenorphine collaborative care models for patients with OUD. PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Google Scholar were queried through May 2021. Studies were included if a pharmacist was part of a care model in which buprenorphine was prescribed for OUD and excluded if there was a pain management indication, a limited pharmacist role, or a survey methodology was used. Eight care models were included in this review. Key characteristics identified were (1) pharmacist role, (2) collaborating prescriber type, (3) clinic setting, (4) pharmacist practice type, and (5) outcomes. All models were located within a variety of outpatient settings. No collaborative practice model involved autonomous buprenorphine prescriptive authority by pharmacists. The majority utilized a psychiatrist as a collaborating prescriber, alongside a psychiatry‐trained pharmacist. Less than half utilized pharmacists to make dosing recommendations. Outcomes evaluating treatment retention and relapse rates were most reported. Most outcomes identified across each model were either improved or unchanged by pharmacist involvement. Pharmacists are valued members of buprenorphine care teams across a variety of settings, collaborate with various clinicians, and have a positive impact on patient outcomes such as treatment retention and relapse. Few published collaborative care models exist, suggesting pharmacists may be underutilized in caring for this growing patient population. The role of the pharmacist in buprenorphine management is not currently well‐defined; however, pharmacists are well prepared to take a more active role to help address the opioid crisis.
Effects of the intranasal application of gold nanoparticles on the pulmonary tissue after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke
Authors: Porto Germano Duarte , Haupenthal Daniela Pacheco dos Santos , Souza Priscila Soares , Silveira Gustavo de Bem , Nesi Renata Tiscoski , Feuser Paulo Emilio , Possato Jonathann Corrêa , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes , Pinho Ricardo Aurino , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInhalation of harmful particles appears as a primary factor for the onset and establishment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke acutely promotes an exacerbated inflammatory response with oxidative stress induction with DNA damage. Administration of Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) with 20 nm in different concentrations can revert damages caused by external aggravations. The effects of GNPs in a COPD process have not been observed until now. The objective of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of intranasal administration of different doses of GNPs after acute exposure to industrial cigarette smoke. Thirty male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham; cigarette smoke (CS); CS + GNPs 2.5 mg/L; CS + GNPs 7.5 mg/L and CS + GNPs 22.5 mg/L. The animals were exposed to the commercial cigarette with filter in an acrylic inhalation chamber and treated with intranasal GNPs for five consecutive days. The results demonstrate that exposure to CS causes an increase in inflammatory cytokines, histological changes, oxidative and nitrosive damage in the lung, as well as increased damage to the DNA of liver cells, blood plasma and lung. Among the three doses of GNPs (2.5, 7.5, and 22.5 mg/L) used, the highest dose had better anti‐inflammatory effects. However, GNPs at a dose of 7.5 mg/L showed better efficacies in reducing ROS formation, alveolar diameter, and the number of inflammatory cells in histology, in addition to significantly reduced rate of DNA damage in lung cells without additional systemic genotoxicity already caused by cigarette smoke.
Computational study on noncovalent interactions between (n, n) single‐walled carbon nanotubes and simple lignin model‐compounds
Authors: Badorrek Jan , Walter Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComposites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and lignin are promising and potentially cheap precursors of—to this day—expensive carbon fibers. Since the control of the CNT‐lignin interface is crucial to maximize fiber performance, it is imperative to understand the fundamental noncovalent interactions between lignin and CNT. In the present study a density functional theory study is conducted to investigate the fundamental noncovalent interaction strength between metallic (n, n) single‐walled CNT (SWCNT) and simple lignin model molecules. In particular, the respective adsorption energies are used to gauge the strength of interaction classes (ππ interaction, CHπ hydrogen bonding and OH‐related hydrogen bonding. From the data, substituent‐dependent interaction trends as well as class‐ and curvature‐dependent interaction trends are derived. Overall, we find that most of the interaction strength trends appear to be strongly influenced by geometry: flat orientation of the test molecules relative to the (n, n) SWCNT surface and small (n, n) SWCNT curvature—that is, large diameter enhances the CHπ and ππ interactions.
Development of a novel five‐lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting overall survival in elderly patients with breast cancer
Authors: Luo Yang , Zhang Yue , Wu Yu‐Xin , Li Han‐Bing , Shen Di , Che Yi‐Qun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is an age‐related disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to be crucial contributors in tumorigenesis. This study aims to develop a novel lncRNA‐based signature to predict elderly BC patients’ prognosis.MethodsThe RNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of 182 elderly BC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) between BC and adjacent normal samples were used to construct the signature in the training set through univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis and time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to evaluate the predictive performance. Besides, we developed the nomogram. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsWe constructed the five‐lncRNA signature (including LEF1‐AS1, MEF2C‐AS1, ST8SIA6‐AS1, LINC01224, and LINC02408) in the training set, which successfully divided the patients into low‐ and high‐risk groups with significantly different prognosis (p = 0.000049), and the AUC at 3 and 5 years of the signature was 0.779 and 0.788, respectively. The predictive performance of this signature was validated in the test and entire set. The 5‐lncRNA signature was an independent prognostic factor of OS (p = 0.007) and the nomogram constructed by independent prognostic factors was an accurate predictor of predicting overall survival probability. Besides, several pathways associated with tumorigenesis have been identified by GSEA.ConclusionsThe 5‐lncRNA signature and nomogram are reliable in predicting elderly BC patients’ prognosis and provide clues for clinical decision‐making.
Molecular structure, expression, and the emerging role of Siglec‐15 in skeletal biology and cancer
Authors: Rashid Sarah , Song Dezhi , Yuan Jinbo , Mullin Benjamin H. , Xu Jiake 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSiglec‐15, a Siglec family member and type‐1 transmembrane protein, is expressed mainly in human macrophages and dendritic cells. It is comprised of a lysine‐containing transmembrane domain, two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)‐like domains and a short cytoplasmic domain. Siglec‐15 is highly conserved in vertebrates and acts as an immunoreceptor. It exerts diverse functions on osteoclast physiology as well as the tumor microenvironment. Siglec‐15 interacts with adapter protein DAP12 ‐ Syk signaling pathway to regulate the RANKL/RANK‐mediated PI3K, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways during osteoclast formation in vitro. Consistently, the lack of the Siglec‐15 gene in mice leads to impaired osteoclast activity and osteopetrosis in vivo. In addition, Siglec‐15 is expressed by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulates the tumor microenvironment by activating the SYK/MAPK signaling pathway. Interestingly, Siglec‐15 shares sequence homology to programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and has a potential immune‐regulatory role in cancer immunology. Thus, Siglec‐15 might also represent an alternative target for the treatment of cancers that do not respond to anti‐PD‐L1/PD‐1 immunotherapy. Understanding the role of Siglec‐15 in osteoclastogenesis and the tumor microenvironment will help us to develop new treatments for bone disorders and cancer.
Morpho‐palynological investigation of gymnospermal flora from subalpine and alpine zones of northern Pakistan using LM and SEM
Authors: Kayani Sadaf , Hussain Manzoor , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Mir Ajab , Butt Maryam Akram , Ahmed Sidra N. , Rashid Sofia , Jamal Zafar , Nazir Hafiza Mamona 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe pollen morphology, with special reference to exine sculpture, of some species of the gymnosperms was assessed for the first time from the subalpine and alpine zones of western Himalayas northern Pakistan. The pollen of all these species is airborne and allergenic, so pollen morphology helps for identification of this allergenic pollen at specific level. Different morpho‐palynological characteristics were analyzed including size range of pollen, polar and equatorial diameter ratio, exine ornamentation, sculpturing, exine thickness, pollen type, and shape. For accurate and quick identification of species, taxonomic key was made based on different morpho‐palynological characteristics. The quantitative data were processed using SPSS software. Gymnospermal pollen includes inaperturate, rarely 1‐colpate observed in (Cupressaceae), hexazonocolpate in (Ephedraceae), vesiculate, bissacate in (Pinaceae), and inaperturate in (Taxaceae). Different pollen shapes observed were prolate (4 spp), sub‐spheroidal (7 spp), and oblate (1 spp). Variation was observed in exine sculpturing granular (4 spp), reticulate (1 spp), areolate‐punctate (3 spp), and psilate (2 spp). This is based on the analysis of 10 plants belonging to four families of gymnosperms. Distinct pollen shape has emerged as the most diagnostic feature to separate some genera such as spheroidal in (Cupressaceae, Taxaceae), prolate and radiosymmetrical in (Ephedraceae), and bilateral in (Pinaceae). Exine thickness and sculpturing proved to be helpful at generic and specific levels. The results reinforced the significance of gymnospermal pollen morphological features which were used as aid for valuable taxonomic tool in plant systematics.
Detection of food fraud of meat products from the different brands by application of histological methods
Authors: Abd‐Elhafeez Hanan H. , El‐Sayed Abeera Mohamoud , Ahmed Ali Meawad , Zaki Rania S. , Abd El‐Mageed Doaa S. , Soliman Soha A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn Sohag City, 400 samples were collected from different food markets of different meat products from two companies with high and low prices (e.g., minced meat, kofta sausage, beef burger, and luncheon meat) for determining food fraud. Light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the samples. “Special histochemical stains” permit the microscopic examination of different cell types, structures, and/or microorganisms. Histological examination revealed variant tissue types, besides skeletal muscles. Nuchal ligaments, bones, hyaline cartilages, white fibrocartilages, large and medium arteries, cardiac muscles, tendons, and collagenous connective tissues comprised the capsule of a parenchymatous organ. Additionally, a crystal of food additives was recognized using light microscopy and SEM. SEM allows the visualization of bacterial contamination. Using different microscopic anatomy techniques is an efficient methodology for qualitative evaluations of various meat products. No difference in quality was observed between low‐ and high‐priced meat products.
Cropping management in a livestock–pasture–crop integration modifies microbial communities, activity, and soil health score
Authors: Menefee Dorothy S. , Collins Harold , Smith Douglas , Haney Richard Lee , Fay Philip , Polley Wayne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUnderstanding indicators of soil health is crucial for developing agricultural systems that are sustainable and climate resilient. Labile soil carbon (C), microbial properties, and nutrient status are all incorporated into the Haney Soil Health Tool with the goal of summarizing several indicators into one index. Monthly soil samples from an integrated crop–livestock system in Central Texas were collected from 2017 to 2019. Fields represented a range of management practices, including cover crops, no‐till, rotational grazing, and a native prairie remnant. Soil samples were analyzed for total C, water‐soluble C, macro‐ and micronutrient content and bioavailability, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Microbial activity was determined via a 24‐h CO2 incubation. Soil health score, C, and PLFAs were well correlated with each other. The greatest total PLFA (219.5 nmol g–1 soil) and organic C (54.3 g kg–1 soil) were found in the native prairie, and the lowest were found in the unfertilized continuous‐corn system (60.5 nmol PLFAs g–1 soil and 24.0 g organic C kg–1 soil). Of all agroecosystems, the perennial grazing system (soil health score, 24.7) was most similar to the native prairie (soil health score, 27.4), having high soil C and a large microbial community. Of the row cropping systems, the no‐till system approached the perennial systems better than the conventional till and unfertilized conventional till (soil health score, 11.1 vs. 8.0 and 5.3, respectively). This study highlights the value of perennial grass grazing in agroecosystems and appropriate best management practices. Expanding this analysis to other sites may provide additional insight.
Colorectal cancer survivorship care plans: Variations in documentation and posttreatment surveillance recommendations
Authors: Chodoff Alaina , Smith Katherine C. , Shukla Aishwarya , Blackford Amanda L. , Ahuja Nita , Johnston Fabian M. , Peairs Kimberly S. , Ngaiza Justinian R. , Warczynski Tam , Nettles Brenda , Stotsky‐Himelfarb Eden , Murphy Adrian G. , Mayonado Nancy , DeSanto Jennifer , Snyder Claire F. , Choi Youngjee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurvivorship care plans (SCP) should outline pertinent information about cancer treatment and follow‐up.MethodsWe descriptively analyzed the content of 74 colorectal cancer SCPs completed as part of a randomized, controlled trial of SCPs at an academic and community cancer center. Surveillance recommendations were compared with American Cancer Society, American Society of Clinical Oncology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.ResultsSCP information provided in >80% of the plans included participant age, cancer diagnosis, details, and side‐effects of treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation) and health promotion recommendations. SCP content documented less frequently included predisposing conditions, genetic counseling/testing information and staging. Posttreatment surveillance recommendations were documented in >90% SCPs. For stage 2–3 cancer, rates of guideline concordant recommendations were 100% for colonoscopy surveillance (Year 1 only), 87% for imaging surveillance, 65% for carcinoembryonic antigen surveillance, and 33% for follow‐up visits. Excluding colonoscopy, >15 unique recommendations were listed for each modality across stages and sites, with more variation at the academic site.ConclusionsSCPs consistently recorded information about cancer diagnosis and treatment but omitted critical information about cancer‐specific details denoting risk. Surveillance recommendations varied considerably between cancer centers. Future work to improve the consistency of surveillance recommendations documented in SCPs may be needed.