bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification
Authors: Borkowski Kamil , Taha Ameer Y. , Pedersen Theresa L. , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Arnold Matthias , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Newman John W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCognitive decline is associated with both normal aging and early pathologies leading to dementia. Here we used quantitative profiling of metabolites involved in the regulation of inflammation, vascular function, neuronal function and energy metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroid hormones to identify metabolic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum samples (n = 212) were obtained from subjects with or without MCI opportunistically collected with incomplete fasting state information. To maximize power and stratify the analysis of metabolite associations with MCI by the fasting state, we developed an algorithm to predict subject fasting state when unknown (n = 73). In non-fasted subjects, linoleic acid and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide levels were positively associated with perceptual speed. In fasted subjects, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and tauro-alpha-muricholic acid levels were negatively associated with perceptual speed. Other cognitive domains showed associations with bile acid metabolism, but only in the non-fasted state. Importantly, this study shows unique associations between serum metabolites and cognitive function in the fasted and non-fasted states and provides a fasting state prediction algorithm based on measurable metabolites.
Preparation of microcrystalline cellulose from Rabdosia rubescens residue and study on its membrane properties
Authors: Li Meng , Wei Tong , Qian Chaoyi , Liang Zhengyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrocrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared easily from Rabdosia rubescens residue to realize the efficient utilization of waste resources. The yield was about 95.03% under the optimal conditions. Then, MCC membrane was prepared by phase transformation method and its structure and mechanical properties were studied systemically. The results showed the cellulose crystal structure changed from type I to type II in the process of forming membrane, and the thermal stability decreased simultaneously. The content of MCC in casting solution has great influence on the mechanical properties of membranes. The higher the content of MCC, the better the comprehensive mechanical properties of the membranes is. When MCC content is 9%, the tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 8.38 MPa and 26.72%, which is better than traditional cellulose membranes. Finally, the separation properties were studied by separation BSA from water. The results showed that the rejection rate and water flux changed positively and negatively with the change of MCC content. When the content was 5%, the membrane demonstrated the best comprehensive performance, its rejection for BSA was 37.23 g/(m2 h), the corresponding rejection rate and water flux were 88.87% and 41.89 L/(m2 h) respectively.
Attractiveness of female sexual signaling predicts differences in female grouping patterns between bonobos and chimpanzees
Authors: Surbeck Martin , Girard-Buttoz Cédric , Samuni Liran , Boesch Christophe , Fruth Barbara , Crockford Catherine , Wittig Roman M. , Hohmann Gottfried 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHere we show that sexual signaling affects patterns of female spatial association differently in chimpanzees and bonobos, indicating its relevance in shaping the respective social systems. Generally, spatial association between females often mirrors patterns and strength of social relationships and cooperation within groups. While testing for proposed differences in female-female associations underlying female coalition formation in the species of the genusPan, we find only limited evidence for a higher female-female gregariousness in bonobos. While bonobo females exhibited a slightly higher average number of females in their parties, there is neither a species difference in the time females spent alone, nor in the number of female party members in the absence of sexually attractive females. We find that the more frequent presence of maximally tumescent females in bonobos is associated with a significantly stronger increase in the number of female party members, independent of variation in a behavioural proxy for food abundance. This indicates the need to look beyond ecology when explaining species differences in female sociality as it refutes the idea that the higher gregariousness among bonobo females is driven by ecological factors alone and highlights that the temporal distribution of female sexual receptivity is an important factor to consider when studying mammalian sociality.
In addition to cryptochrome 2, magnetic particles with olfactory co-receptor are important for magnetic orientation in termites
Authors: Gao Yongyong , Wen Ping , Cardé Ring T. , Xu Huan , Huang Qiuying 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe volatile trail pheromone is an ephemeral chemical cue, whereas the geomagnetic field (GMF) provides a stable positional reference. However, it is unclear whether and how the cryptic termites perceive the GMF for orientation in light or darkness until now. Here, we found that the two termite species, Reticulitermes chinensis and Odontotermes formosanus, use the GMF for orientation. Our silencing cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) impaired magnetic orientation in white light but had no significant impact in complete darkness, suggesting that Cry2 can mediate magnetic orientation in termites only under light. Coincidentally, the presence of magnetic particles enabled the magnetic orientation of termites in darkness. When knock-downing the olfactory co-receptor (Orco) to exclude the effect of trail pheromone, unexpectedly, we found that the Orco participated in termite magnetic orientation under both light and darkness. Our findings revealed a novel magnetoreception model depending on the joint action of radical pair, magnetic particle, and olfactory co-receptor.
Phase transition mechanism and bandgap engineering of Sb2S3 at gigapascal pressures
Authors: Cui Zhongxun , Bu Kejun , Zhuang Yukai , Donnelly Mary-Ellen , Zhang Dongzhou , Dalladay-Simpson Philip , Howie Ross T. , Zhang Jiandong , Lü Xujie , Hu Qingyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarth-abundant antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3), or simply antimonite, is a promising material for capturing natural energies like solar power and heat flux. The layered structure, held up by weak van-der Waals forces, induces anisotropic behaviors in carrier transportation and thermal expansion. Here, we used stress as mechanical stimuli to destabilize the layered structure and observed the structural phase transition to a three-dimensional (3D) structure. We combined in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations to study the evolution of structure and bandgap width up to 20.1 GPa. The optical band gap energy of Sb2S3 followed a two-step hierarchical sequence at approximately 4 and 11 GPa. We also revealed that the first step of change is mainly caused by the redistribution of band states near the conduction band maximum. The second transition is controlled by an isostructural phase transition, with collapsed layers and the formation of a higher coordinated bulky structure. The band gap reduced from 1.73 eV at ambient to 0.68 eV at 15 GPa, making it a promising thermoelectric material under high pressure.
Machine learning predictions of surface migration barriers in nucleation and non-equilibrium growth
Authors: Martynec Thomas , Karapanagiotis Christos , Klapp Sabine H. L. , Kowarik Stefan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMachine learning is playing an increasing role in the discovery of new materials and may also facilitate the search for optimum growth conditions for crystals and thin films. Here, we perform kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations of sub-monolayer growth. We consider a generic homoepitaxial growth scenario that covers a wide range of conditions with different diffusion barriers (0.4–0.55 eV) and lateral binding energies (0.1–0.4 eV). These simulations are used as a training data set for a convolutional neural network that can predict diffusion barriers and binding energies. Specifically, a single Monte-Carlo image of the morphology is sufficient to determine the energy barriers with an accuracy of approximately 10 meV and the neural network is tolerant to images with noise and lower than atomic-scale resolution. We believe this new machine learning method will be useful for fundamental studies of growth kinetics and growth optimization through better knowledge of microscopic parameters.
An increase in food production in Europe could dramatically affect farmland biodiversity
Authors: Jeanneret Philippe , Lüscher Gisela , Schneider Manuel K. , Pointereau Philippe , Arndorfer Michaela , Bailey Debra , Balázs Katalin , Báldi András , Choisis Jean-Philippe , Dennis Peter , Diaz Mario , Eiter Sebastian , Elek Zoltán , Fjellstad Wendy , Frank Thomas , Friedel Jürgen K. , Geijzendorffer Ilse R. , Gillingham Pippa , Gomiero Tiziano , Jerkovich Gergely , Jongman Rob H. G. , Kainz Max , Kovács-Hostyánszki Anikó , Moreno Gerardo , Nascimbene Juri , Oschatz Marie-Louise , Paoletti Maurizio G. , Sarthou Jean-Pierre , Siebrecht Norman , Sommaggio Daniele , Wolfrum Sebastian , Herzog Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConversion of semi-natural habitats, such as field margins, fallows, hedgerows, grassland, woodlots and forests, to agricultural land could increase agricultural production and help meet rising global food demand. Yet, the extent to which such habitat loss would impact biodiversity and wild species is unknown. Here we survey species richness for four taxa (vascular plants, earthworms, spiders, wild bees) and agricultural yield across a range of arable, grassland, mixed, horticulture, permanent crop, for organic and non-organic agricultural land on 169 farms across 10 European regions. We find that semi-natural habitats currently constitute 23% of land area with 49% of species unique to these habitats. We estimate that conversion of semi-natural land that achieves a 10% increase in agricultural production will have the greatest impact on biodiversity in arable systems and the least impact in grassland systems, with organic practices having better species retention than non-organic practices. Our findings will help inform sustainable agricultural development.
Hearing Health Care Delivery Outside the Booth
Authors: Gates Kathy , Hecht Quintin A. , Grantham Marjorie A. M. , Fallon Andrew J. , Martukovich Malisha 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this review article is to discuss how boothless audiometry may help address changes in hearing health care services and provide progressive tools to expand beyond traditional audiology clinic visits. The primary drivers for these changes include the COVID-19 pandemic, our aging population, comorbid effects of unidentified hearing loss, and the critical need for effective communication between patients and providers. This review article highlights key features and technical specifications of boothless audiometry, provides an overview of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved boothless audiometry products, and describes how to leverage these products to increase access to hearing health services across the continuum of health care.

Method
Boothless audiometry literature was reviewed using PubMed and audiometry technology websites. FDA-approved boothless audiometry products were reviewed, and audiological features were categorized. Civilian and Department of Defense subject matter experts were consulted.

Conclusions
Boothless audiometry technology introduces opportunities for early audiometric assessment outside of the audiology clinic, in settings where traditional testing has been less possible, or even impossible, such as military environments, clinic waiting areas, schools, and nursing homes. This technology allows health care providers to identify individuals with significant hearing loss early and seek comprehensive services to prevent and treat hearing loss. By expanding the current hearing health care delivery model via boothless audiometry technology, the following benefits may be achieved, which can result in better outcomes overall: increased access to care, early identification and treatment of hearing loss, and reduced impact from the comorbid effects of hearing impairment.
Internal and external frontier‐based algorithm for autonomous mobile robot exploration in unknown environment
Authors: Buriboev Abror , Muminov Azamjon , Oh Hyung‐Jun , Lee Jun Dong , Kwon Young‐Ae , Jeon Heung Seok 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNavigation in the absence of initial environmental information is a situation in which a robot is faced with the difficulty of traversing an unknown area for exploration with obtaining the environmental information simultaneously. Therefore, to complete and optimize the exploration efficiently, the robot needs an autonomous path‐planning algorithm. This work proposes a new autonomous path‐planning algorithm for exploration in an unknown environment based on paired frontiers, which we call internal and external frontiers algorithm (IEFA), that defines extended area for navigation of the mobile robot. For each exploration round, the robot defines external frontiers using the maximum range of sensors. Then, the robot generates internal frontiers, that is, pairs of external frontiers by varying the range of sensors. According to the size of each pair of frontiers, the algorithm generates the target point for robot navigation. The frontiers of internal layer are utilized as a main parameter for generation of next exploration point. We evaluated the proposed algorithm in simulation environments using the ROS toolbox of MATLAB and compared it with two previous exploration algorithms. From the experimental results, the proposed algorithm showed from 31% to 85% better performance in the path distance than previous algorithms.
Optimal planning of solar photovoltaic and battery storage for electric vehicle owner households with time‐of‐use tariff
Authors: Merrington Sarah , Khezri Rahmat , Mahmoudi Amin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a practical optimal planning of solar photovoltaic (SPV) and battery storage system (BSS) for electric vehicle (EV) owner households with time of use (TOU) electricity pricing. The main aim of the optimisation problem is to minimize the Cost of Electricity (COE) while satisfying the design constraints over 20‐year project lifespan. Novel rule‐based home energy management systems are created to investigate the optimal sizing of two system configurations: (1) SPV‐EV, and (2) SPV‐BSS‐EV. The arrival and departure times of the EV's availability, as well as its initial state‐of‐charge are incorporated into the energy management system via stochastic functions. Sensitivity analyses of the feed in tariff, grid constraint, electricity demand, and available rooftop area are provided to investigate the variations of cost of electricity and capacities of SPV and BSS. From the study results, practical guidelines for grid‐connected households, based on TOU energy pricing, are provided to select the optimal capacity of SPV and BSS to accommodate the existing EV. The optimisation method is general and applicable to any household owning EV; however, in this study realistic data of solar insolation and temperature as well as household electricity demand and electricity prices are implemented for South Australia. Uncertainty analysis is investigated based on 10‐year real and stochastic data to prove the optimal results. It is found that the optimal configuration for a typical SA household utilising TOU pricing with an EV requires a 10‐kW SPV with a 10‐kWh capacity of BSS.
Air pressure forecasting for the Mutriku oscillating‐water‐column wave power plant: Review and case study
Authors: Marques Silva Jorge , Vieira Susana M. , Valério Duarte , Henriques João C. C. , Sclavounos Paul D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe high variability and unpredictability of renewable energy resources require optimization of the energy extraction, by operating at the best efficiency point, which can be achieved through optimal control strategies. In particular, wave forecasting models can be valuable for control strategies in wave energy converter devices. This work intends to exploit the short‐term wave forecasting potential on an oscillating water column equipped with the innovative biradial turbine. A Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS‐SVM) algorithm was developed to predict the air chamber pressure and compare it to the real signal. Regressive linear algorithms were executed for reference. The experimental data was obtained at the Mutriku wave power plant in the Basque Country, Spain. Results have shown LS‐SVM prediction errors varying from 9% to 25%, for horizons ranging from 1 to 3 s in the future. There is no need for extensive training data sets for which computational effort is higher. However, best results were obtained for models with a relatively small number of LS‐SVM features. Regressive models have shown slightly better performance (8–22%) at a significantly lower computational cost. Ultimately, these research findings may play an essential role in model predictive control strategies for the wave power plant.
Ray-tracing in relativistic jet simulations: A polarimetric study of magnetic field morphology and electron scaling relations
Authors: Kramer Joana A. , MacDonald Nicholas R. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The jets emanating from the centers of active galactic nuclei are among the most energetic objects in the Universe. Investigating how the morphology of the jet’s synchrotron emission depends on the magnetic nature of the jet’s relativistic plasma is fundamental to the comparison between numerical simulations of relativistic jets and their observed polarization.
Aims. Through the use of 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic jet simulations (computed using the PLUTO code) we study how the synchrotron emission from a jet depends on the morphology of its magnetic field structure. Through the application of polarized radiative transfer and ray-tracing (via the RADMC-3D code), we create synthetic radio maps of the total intensity of a jet as well as the linearly and circularly polarized intensity for each jet simulation.
Methods. In particular, we create synthetic ray-traced images of the polarized synchrotron emission from a jet when this latter carries a predominantly poloidal, helical, and toroidal magnetic field. We also explore several scaling relations in which the underlying electron power-law distribution is set proportional to: (i) the jet’s thermal plasma density, (ii) its internal energy density, and (iii) its magnetic energy density.
Results. We find that: (i) the jet emission is edge-brightened when the magnetic field is toroidal in nature and spine brightened when the magnetic field is poloidal in nature; (ii) the circularly polarized emission exhibits both negative and positive sign for the toroidal magnetic field morphology at an inclination of i = 45° as well as i = 5°; and (iii) the relativistic jet’s emission is largely independent of different emission scaling relations when the ambient medium is excluded.
ANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitiden
Authors: Moosig Frank , Holle Julia U. 
Published: September 2021

Was ist neu?
Remissionsinduktion bei Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA)/mikroskopischer Polyangiitis (MPA) Das Komplementsystem spielt in der Pathogenese, anders als früher vermutet, eine bedeutsame Rolle. Durch diese Erkenntnis war es möglich, einen vollständig neuen Therapieansatz zu etablieren. Die Blockade des C5a-Rezeptors mit Avacopan erwies sich in klinischen Studien als effektiv und ermöglichte erstmals eine (fast) GC-freie Remissionsinduktion. Avacopan ist eine kleines, gezielt eingreifendes Molekül und wird absehbar in die Therapie der GPA/MPA Einzug halten. Die therapeutische Bedeutung der Plasmapherese tritt weiter in den Hintergrund. Diese Therapieform bleibt aktuell wenigen Ausnahmesituationen vorbehalten und kann nicht mehr generell bei Glomerulonephritis oder pulmorenalem Syndrom empfohlen werden. Therapieprotokolle mit vermindertem GC-Einsatz zeigen ähnlich gute Erfolge wie Hochdosisprotokolle. Der GC-Einsatz kann daher weiter limitiert werden.
GPA/MPA-Remissionserhaltung Vor allem die MAINRITSAN-Studien zeigen, dass Rituximab dem Azathioprin in der Remissionserhaltung überlegen ist und dass eine längere Erhaltungstherapie, insbesondere bei Risikopatienten, mit klinisch relevant geringeren Rezidivraten einhergeht.
Genetik der eosinophilen Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA) Trotz der Seltenheit der EGPA konnte ein internationales Konsortium eine genomweite Assoziationsstudie (GWAS) durchführen. Hierbei bestätigte sich auch auf der genetischen Ebene der klinische Eindruck zweier distinkter Subgruppen. Es kann ein mehr vaskulitisch geprägter Subtyp von einem durch die Eosinophilie dominierten unterschieden werden. Diese Ergebnisse werden für zukünftige Therapiekonzepte relevant sein.
EGPA-Therapie Die bisher größte RCT bei EGPA wies eine verminderte Rezidivrate sowie einen GC-einsparenden Effekt eines Anti-IL-5-Antikörpers (Mepolizumab) nach. Der klinische Nutzen bestätigte sich in einer weiteren Analyse der Daten und auch in der „Real Life“-Anwendung.