bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence, performance, and goal setting in massive open online courses
Authors: Li Kun , Johnsen Justin , Canelas Dorian A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGoal setting is an important component in successful teaching and learning, but relatively little is known about its impact on course persistence and achievement in massive open online courses. Using an experimental design and employing a variety of data including student writings, content‐related assignment attempts, and quantitative achievement in the courses, we compared the outcomes of two groups of learners who were given different writing prompts at the beginning of their course. While no overall effects of writing prompt type on the dependent variables were observed, highly statistically significant differences were found when goal writings were more closely examined and compared via qualitative coding. When learners’ written responses to prompts contained either learning or performance goals, those participants both achieved more and engaged in learning longer than participants whose written responses did not fall into either of these categories.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Goals are related to students’ behaviors and performance.
Performance goals’ influences on learning have inconsistent results, while learning goals are considered beneficial.
What this paper adds

The effects of conscious goal setting in massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be different from traditional learning contexts.
Having either learning and performance goals results in better persistence and performance than not having these goals.
Implications for practice and/or policy

More interventions should be designed to help MOOC learners set and commit to their goals.
Use MOOC learner's learning and performance goals to promote learning and persistence.
Real‐life targeted next‐generation sequencing for lymphoma diagnosis over 1 year from the French Lymphoma Network
Authors: Bommier Côme , Mauduit Claire , Fontaine Juliette , Bourbon Estelle , Sujobert Pierre , Huet Sarah , Baseggio Lucile , Hayette Sandrine , Laurent Camille , Bachy Emmanuel , Ghesquières Hervé , Thieblemont Catherine , Salles Gilles , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

SummaryAs the impact of targeted next‐generation sequencing (TNGS) on daily diagnosis has not been evaluated, we performed TNGS (46 genes) on lymphomas of unclear subtype following expert haematopathological review. The potential impact on patient care and modifications of final diagnosis were divided into major and minor changes according to the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines. Among 229 patients [19 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL), 48 large B‐cell lymphomas (LBCLs), 89 small BCLs (SBCLs), seven Hodgkin lymphomas (HL), 66 T‐cell lymphomas], the overall concordance rate of histological and TNGS diagnosis was 89·5%. TNGS confirmed the histological diagnosis in 144 cases (62·9%), changed the diagnosis in 24 cases (10·5%) and did not help to clarify diagnosis in 61 cases (26·7%). Modifications to the final diagnosis had a clinical impact on patient care in 8·3% of cases. Diagnostic modifications occurred in all types of lymphoma except in PCNSL and HL; the modification rate was 14·6% in SBCL and 12·5% in LBCL. While comparing informative and uninformative cases, no differences were found in terms of DNA amplification, quality or depth of sequencing and biopsy type. The present study highlights that TNGS may directly contribute to a more accurate diagnosis in difficult‐to‐diagnose lymphomas, thus improving the clinical management in routine practice.
Minimal residual disease level determined by flow cytometry provides reliable risk stratification in adults with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Wang Huanping , Zhou Yile , Huang Xin , Zhang Yi , Qian Jiejing , Li Jianhu , Li Chenying , Li Xueying , Lou Yinjun , Zhu Qiaoyun , Huang Yujie , Meng Haitao , Yu Wenjuan , Tong Hongyan , Jin Jie , Zhu Hong‐Hu 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMinimal residual disease (MRD) is an important independent prognostic factor for relapse and survival in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Compared with adult B‐cell ALL, reports of adult T‐cell ALL (T‐ALL) MRD have been scarce and mostly based on molecular methods. We evaluated the prognostic value of multiparameter flow cytometry (FCM)‐based MRD at the end of induction (EOI‐MRD). The present retrospective study included 94 adult patients with T‐ALL. MRD was detected by six‐ to eight‐colour FCM. Patients who were EOI‐MRD positive had a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (87·6% vs. 38·8%, P = 0·0020), and a lower relapse‐free survival (RFS) (5·4% vs. 61·0%, P = 0·0005) and overall survival (OS) (32·7% vs. 69·7%, P < 0·0001) than those who were EOI‐MRD negative. Moreover, for patients who received allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) at their first remission, EOI‐MRD positivity was predictive of post‐transplant relapse (2‐year CIR: 68·2% vs. 4·0%, P = 0·0003). Multivariate analysis showed that EOI‐MRD was an independent prognostic factor for CIR [hazard ratio (HR) 2·139, P = 0·046], RFS (HR 2·125, P = 0·048) and OS (HR 2·987, P = 0·017). In conclusion, EOI‐MRD based on FCM was an independent prognostic factor for relapse and survival in adult T‐ALL. For patients who underwent HSCT, EOI‐MRD could be used to identify patients with a high risk of relapse after allo‐HSCT.
Spatial relationships between spiders and their host vascular epiphytes within shade trees in a Mexican coffee plantation
Authors: Quijano‐Cuervo Luis G. , Méndez‐Castro Francisco Emmanuel , Rao Dinesh , Escobar Sarria Federico , Negrete‐Yankelevich Simoneta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWithin tree canopies, vascular epiphytes create habitats for other taxa, and their heterogeneous spatial distribution could affect the distribution of organisms associated with them, such as spiders. This study was performed in shade trees of a rustic coffee plantation located within a Tropical Cloud Forest region of Mexico. We used a spatially explicit approach to examine (1) if the richness and abundance of epiphyte‐dwelling spiders have a positive association with epiphyte abundance within trees and (2) if spiders (richness and abundance) show the same patterns of spatial distribution as the epiphytic habitat. We found that spiders were distributed on gradients of the same type as their host epiphytes. These gradients were a decrease from the center toward the edges of the tree and a decrease from the base of the trunk toward the canopy. Spiders also had aggregation patches with similar dimensions to those exhibited by their host epiphytes. Those spiders' patches were fully explained when their epiphytic habitat was also aggregated within trees. Spatial models suggested that epiphytes and spiders were also spatially structured at scales larger than a tree and smaller than an epiphyte mat. Our findings demonstrate that the spatial distribution of epiphyte‐dwelling spider communities, may partly be explained by the distribution patterns of their host plants. However, other environmental and biotic factors, not associated with epiphyte communities, are likely to be responsible for the remaining spatial patterns of spider distribution.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Role of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Guo Wei , Duan Hanyuan , Huang Zhigang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of immunotherapy to treat recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has become a popular research topic in recent years, and many clinical trials have been carried out.ObjectivesTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and other databases up to 1 November 2019 for publications reporting the use of PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Revman 5.0 was used for combination analysis, and the overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and adverse events were determined.ResultsFive articles were included. Compared with other treatment methods, this meta‐analysis showed that treatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors can significantly improve OS (P < .0001), but there was no significant improvement in PFS or ORR. The risk of anaemia and nausea was significantly reduced by treatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors.Conclusions and SignificanceTreatment with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors alone can improve the overall survival rate for recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck but there is no obvious advantage in other aspects and adverse events.
Comparison of the multi‐phasic longitudinal displacement of the left and right common carotid artery in healthy humans
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Cinthio Magnus , Erlöv Tobias , Bjarnegård Niclas , Ahlgren Åsa Rydén 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring the cardiac cycle, there is a multi‐phasic bidirectional longitudinal movement (LMov) of the intima‐media complex of large arteries, i.e. along the arteries. On the left side the common carotid artery (CCA) arises directly from the aortic arc, whereas on the right side the CCA originate from the innominate artery.AimThe aim of this study was to compare LMov of the left and right CCA of healthy subjects to investigate whether the difference in anatomy is of importance for LMov.Material and MethodsThe CCA’s of 93 healthy subjects were investigated using in‐house developed ultrasound methods.ResultsAlthough the basic pattern were the same in the majority of subjects, several phases of LMov were significantly larger on the left side (the first retrograde phase, p = 0.0006; the second antegrade, “returning” phase, p < 0.00001; and the rapid retrograde phase of movement at the end of the cardiac cycle, p < 0.000001). In contrast, no significant side‐difference in the amplitude of the first antegrade movement was seen. The maximal (peak‐to‐peak) LMov was significantly larger on the left side (p = 0.002).Discussion and ConclusionThe side‐differences found in LMov may be related to the difference in anatomy, including possible difference in distance to the heart and especially the presence of an extra bifurcation on the right side. Our data provide an important base for the further study of the relation between LMov and cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis.
Effects of the COVID‐19 lockdown on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the glycalock study
Authors: D'Onofrio Luca , Pieralice Silvia , Maddaloni Ernesto , Mignogna Carmen , Sterpetti Sara , Coraggio Lucia , Luordi Cecilia , Guarisco Gloria , Leto Gaetano , Leonetti Frida , Manfrini Silvia , Buzzetti Raffaella 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) lockdown on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsIn this observational, multicentre, retrospective study conducted in the Lazio region, Italy, we compared the differences in the HbA1c levels of 141 subjects with T2D exposed to lockdown with 123 matched controls with T2D who attended the study centres 1 year before. Basal data were collected from 9 December to 9 March and follow‐up data from 3 June to 10 July in 2020 for the lockdown group, and during the same timeframes in 2019 for the control groups. Changes in HbA1c (ΔHbA1c) and body mass index (ΔBMI) during lockdown were compared among patients with different psychological well‐being, as evaluated by tertiles of the Psychological General Well‐Being Index (PGWBS).ResultsNo difference in ΔHbA1c was found between the lockdown and control groups (lockdown group −0.1% [−0.5%−0.3%] vs. control group −0.1% [−0.4%−0.2%]; p = .482). Also, no difference was found in ΔBMI (p = .316) or ΔGlucose (p = .538). In the lockdown group, subjects with worse PGWBS showed a worsening of HbA1c (p = .041 for the trend among PGWBS tertiles) and BMI (p = .022).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 lockdown did not significantly impact glycaemic control in people with T2D. People with poor psychological well‐being may experience a worsening a glycaemic control because of restrictions resulting from lockdown. These findings may aid healthcare providers in diabetes management once the second wave of COVID‐19 has ended.
Use of ADAM‐C and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores to predict complex aortic atheroma after brain ischemia: A prospective observational study
Authors: Nicot Florence , Charbonnel Clément , Jego Christophe , Jourda François , Vinsonneau Ulric , Garçon Philippe , Turlotte Guillaume , Rivière Jean François , Maurin Marion , Lubret Rémy , Meimoun Patrick , Akret Chrystelle , Cournot Maxime , Sokic Charles , Michel Laurent , Lescure Maryse , Kenizou David , Melay Marie , Fayard Maxime , Chauvat Anthony , Fouché Renaud , Cartigny Guillaume , Dijoux Nicolas , Martin Anne Céline , Tho‐Agostini Aurélia , Mann Hubert , Magnin Dominique , Goralski Marc , Pico Fernando , Georges Jean‐Louis , Belle Loïc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsComplex aortic atheroma (CAA) is a common cause of acute brain ischemia (BI), including ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA), and is associated with recurrence. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score is a useful tool for predicting stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), and can also predict cardiovascular events in other populations, including non‐AF populations. The ADAM‐C score is a new risk score for predicting the diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after BI. We aimed to evaluate the ability of CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores to predict CAA after BI.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, observational study included 1479 patients aged over 18 years who were hospitalized for BI. CAA was defined as the presence of one or more of the following criteria: thrombus, ulcerated plaque, or plaque thickening ≥ 4 mm.ResultsCAA was diagnosed in 216 patients (14.6%). CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores were significantly higher in the CAA group versus the non‐CAA group (P < .0001 for both). The CHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores appear to be good predictors of CAA (AUC 0.699 [0.635, 0.761] and 0.759 [0.702, 0.814], respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the scores for detecting CAA were 94%, 22%, 17%, and 96%, respectively, for a CHA2DS2‐VASc score < 2, and 90%, 46%, 22%, and 96%, respectively, for an ADAM‐C score < 3ConclusionsCHA2DS2‐VASc and ADAM‐C scores are able to predict CAA after BI. CHA2DS2‐VASc < 2 and ADAM‐C < 3 both have an interesting NPV of 96%.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is not associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: A cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Voutilainen Ari , Laukkanen Jari A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has a strong inverse relationship with several chronic disease outcomes, including some cancers. The association between CRF and prostate cancer is controversial. We aimed to assess the prospective association of CRF with prostate cancer risk using a cohort study and review of the literature.Material and methodsCardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyser during exercise testing in 2204 cancer‐free middle‐aged men. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated. We corrected for within‐person variability in CRF levels using repeat measurements.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 24.9 years, 216 prostate cancer cases occurred. The age‐adjusted regression dilution ratio of CRF was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53‐0.64). The HR (95% CI) of prostate cancer per 1 standard deviation increase in CRF in age‐adjusted analysis was 1.10 (0.95‐1.27). The association remained consistent after further adjustment for several risk factors (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.96‐1.33). The corresponding adjusted HRs were 1.24 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.77) and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.88), respectively, when comparing the extreme tertiles of CRF levels. Previous studies mostly reported no evidence of an association or an increased risk of prostate cancer in relation to high CRF. Studies reporting positive associations had short‐term follow‐up durations (<10 years).ConclusionsPrimary data and a review of previous studies suggest that elevated CRF is not associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. Previous findings of significant evidence of associations could be attributed to increased screening and detection as well as reverse causation bias.
Molecular classification and prognosis in younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia and intermediate‐risk cytogenetics treated or not by gemtuzumab ozogamycin: Final results of the GOELAMS/FILO acute myeloid leukemia 2006‐intermediate‐risk trial
Authors: Bouvier Anne , Hamel Jean‐François , Delaunay Jacques , Delabesse Eric , Dumas Pierre‐Yves , Ledoux Marie‐Pierre , Peterlin Pierre , Luquet Isabelle , Roth Guepin Gabrielle , Bulabois Claude Eric , Gallego Hernanz Maria Pilar , Guillerm Gaëlle , Guieze Romain , Hicheri Yosr , Simand Célestine , Himberlin Chantal , Hunault‐Berger Mathilde , Bernard Marc , Jourdan Eric , Caillot Denis , Dorvaux Véronique , Tavernier Emmanuelle , Daguindau Etienne , Banos Anne , Ojeda‐Uribe Mario , Gyan Emmanuel , Alexis Magda , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Turlure Pascal , Bouscary Didier , Humbrecht Catherine , Zerazhi Hacène , Béné Marie‐Christine , Pigneux Arnaud , Carre Martin , Ifrah Norbert , Blanchet Odile , Vey Norbert , Récher Christian , Cornillet‐Lefèbvre Pascale ,   French Innovative Leukemia Organization
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this randomized phase 3 study, the FILO group tested whether the addition of 6 mg/m2 of gemtuzumab ozogamycin (GO) to standard chemotherapy could improve outcome of younger patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and intermediate‐risk cytogenetics. GO arm was prematurely closed after 254 inclusions because of toxicity. A similar complete remission rate was observed in both arms. Neither event‐free survival nor overall survival were improved by GO in younger AML patients (<60 years) ineligible for allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation. (P = .086; P = .149, respectively). Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on mutational analysis of seven genes (NPM1, FLT3‐ITD, CEBPA, DNMT3A, IDH1, IDH2, and ASXL1), six clusters of patients with significant different outcome were identified. Five clusters were based on FLT3‐ITD, NPM1, and CEBPA mutations as well as epigenetic modifiers (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, ASXL1), whereas the last cluster, representing 25% of patients, had no mutation and intermediate risk. One cluster isolated FLT3‐ITD mutations with higher allelic ratio and a very poor outcome. The addition of GO had no impact in these molecular clusters. Although not conclusive for GO impact in AML patients <60 years, this study provides a molecular classification that distinguishes six AML clusters influencing prognosis in younger AML patients with intermediate‐risk cytogenetic.
Reply to the commentary by Ben‐Ari and Delpire: Bumetanide and neonatal seizures: Fiction versus reality
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang , Kaila Kai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this response to a commentary by Ben‐Ari and Delpire on our recent study on the pharmacology of neonatal seizures in a novel, physiologically validated rat model of birth asphyxia, we wish to rectify their inaccurate descriptions of our model and data. Furthermore, because Ben‐Ari and Delpire suggest that negative data on bumetanide from preclinical and clinical trials of neonatal seizures have few implications for (alleged) bumetanide actions on neurons in other brain disorders, we will discuss this topic as well. Based on the poor brain penetration of bumetanide, combined with the extremely wide cellular expression patterns of the target protein NKCC1, it is obvious that the numerous actions of systemically applied bumetanide described in the literature are not mediated by the drug's effects on central neurons.
Effect of excess Ge and Te on thermoelectric performance of GeTe
Authors: Dong Yuan , Gao Junling , Zou Ping , Xu Guiying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeTe is a medium‐temperature thermoelectric material with excellent performance. The thermoelectric performance of GeTe is affected by the carrier concentration generated by Ge vacancy. Therefore, it is of important to study the effect of excess Ge or Te on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe. In this paper, GexTey materials (x:y = 1:1.08, 1:1.06, 1:1.04, 1:1, 1.05:1, 1.075:1, and 1.1:1) were fabricated by high‐pressure sintering (HPS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS), respectively, to study the effects of different Ge/Te atomic ratios and preparation process on the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline GeTe. The composition and microstructure were investigated by an X‐ray diffraction method (XRD) and field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The thermoelectric performance was tested from 303 to 703 K. The measurement results show that the Seebeck coefficient of GexTey increases and the conductivity decreases with the decreasing in Te content or the increasing in Ge content. Ge1Te1 exhibits the highest power factor because its Seebeck coefficient and conductivity are at an average level. Owing to the presence of pure Ge and the decrease of Ge vacancy, the lattice thermal conductivities of samples with excess Ge are higher than that of Ge1Te1. Ge1Te1 sintered by HPS has the highest ZTmax value, reaching 1.37 at 723 K.
Effect of TiN content on properties of NiFe2O4‐based ceramic inert anode for aluminum electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Wang Yukun , Zu Guoyin , Cao Zhuokun , Liu Jinli , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNiFe2O4‐based ceramic inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis doped with various TiN nanoparticles were prepared by a two‐step cold‐pressing sintering process to investigate how TiN affected the sintering behavior and properties of the composites. The differential scanning calorimetry‐thermogravimetry (DSC‐TG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructure analysis results indicated that the Ti and N were evenly distributed in the NiFe2O4 matrix to form a solid solution. The maximum linear shrinkage and linear shrinkage rate were enhanced with the increase of TiN nanoparticles contents, and the sintering activation energy of initial stage was lowered from 382.63 to 279.58 kJ mol−1 with the TiN nanoparticles additive range from 0 to 9 wt%. When the content of TiN nanoparticles was 7 wt%, the relative density, bending strength, and elastic modulus reached their maximum values of 97.24%, 73.88 MPa, and 3.77 GPa, respectively, whereas the minimum static corrosion rate of NiFe2O4‐based ceramic of 0.00114 g cm−2 h−1 was obtained, mainly attributed to the relatively dense and stable microstructure. The electrical conductivity of NiFe2O4‐based ceramics presented a clear ascending trend with increasing TiN nanoparticles content and elevated temperature, attributed to the increased concentration and migration rate of carrier.