bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī’s Treatise on Wiping over Socks and the Rise of a Distinct Salafi Method
Authors: Coppens Pieter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
‘Modern’ Salafis of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century have much more in common with contemporary ‘puritan’ Salafis than claimed in recent scholarship. Indicative of this is the debate over whether it is allowed to wipe over socks during ritual ablutions (wuḍūʾ), a visual identity marker for Salafis. This is a recurrent theme in contemporary polemics between the four Sunni madhhabs and the lā-madhhabiyya current associated with Salafis. Jamāl al-Dīn al-Qāsimī’s (1866–1914) treatise al-Masḥ ʿalā al-jawrabayn is a late Ottoman ‘modern’ Salafi forerunner of this debate. By placing this work in its historical context, this article demonstrates how al-Qāsimī used the issue to address fundamental questions of fiqh and ḥadīth methodology in the heated debate over ijtihād. Later Salafi editions with introductions and comments of Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir (1892–1958) and Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī (1914–99), show how his method influenced later ‘puritan’ Salafi scholars.
Growth of the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion): Fishing for Converts, but Are There Holes in the Net?
Authors: McKinnon Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper contributes to the emerging debate and revaluation of the growth and membership of the Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion). Building on literature which has shown that the Church is unlikely to have nearly the membership of more than 18 million that it usually claims, this paper considers evidence of conversion to and defection from Anglican identification in Nigeria. The analysis uses data from the Pew Research Centre Tolerance and Conflict survey (2010), the only high quality nationally representative survey that asks about religious identification in which the respondent was raised and their current identification. It examines converts to Anglican identities in Nigeria, as well as the adopted identities of those who leave Anglicanism behind them. The study finds evidence of a net loss, primarily to Pentecostalism. This lends added weight to the argument that the growth of the Church of Nigeria in the past few decades has been primarily through natural increase (surplus of births over deaths) and not from converts, which are a net loss to the church.
Shaping Attitudes toward Church in a Time of Coronavirus: Exploring the Effects of Personal, Psychological, Social, and Theological Factors among Church of England Clergy and Laity
Authors: Village Andrew , Francis Leslie J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on the effect of personal, psychological, social, and theological factors in shaping attitudes toward church buildings, the lockup of churches, and the trajectory into virtual church among 4,374 clergy and lay people from the Church of England during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Data from an online survey were used to create three scales, Pro Church Buildings, Anti Church Lockup, and Pro Virtual Church, which were shown to have adequate internal consistency reliability. Five sets of predictor variables were tested using hierarchical multiple regression: personal factors (sex and age), psychological factors (psychological type scores), social location (ordination status, education, geographic location), theological stance (modern versus traditional worship, liberal versus conservative doctrinal belief, liberal versus conservative views on morality), and Church tradition (Anglo-Catholic, Broad Church, Evangelical, and Charismaticism). The three scales were predicted by slightly different sets of variables, but in each case personal factors and psychological factors retained some predictive power after controlling for other sorts of factors. The results suggest that those most likely to embrace a future with a significant role for church life online are women (rather than men), the middle-aged (rather than younger or older people), intuitive (rather than sensing) and feeling (rather than thinking) psychological types, clergy (rather than laity), those living outside the inner cities, those who prefer modern (rather than traditional) forms of worship, those with more liberal (rather than conservative) views on doctrine and morality, and those who embrace Evangelical and Charismatic (rather than Anglo-Catholic) church traditions.
Toward a New Vision of Catholicity for the Chinese Catholic Church: With Insights from Dumitru Stăniloae’s ‘Sobornicity’
Authors: Stout Huili S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The Vatican-China agreement has brought all the Chinese bishops into communion with the pope, but the Chinese church remains substantially divided. To overcome the present antagonism, I propose that the Chinese church explore more closely, through the resources of communion ecclesiology, the spiritual dimension of catholicity which privileges the life of the local church rooted in the trinitarian communion of God. In particular, Dumitru Stăniloae’s theology of ‘sobornicity’ as a spiritual unity in communion can help the Chinese church overcome its present political difficulties by clarifying the foundation and source of Christian communion, by accentuating the special role of the Holy Spirit in the unity of the church, and by encouraging a cosmic and eschatological openness in the church’s attitude to the world.
Infant Baptism and Church Membership: Issues and Ambiguity
Authors: Faber Ryan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
People are initiated into the church by baptism. But what does it mean when baptism is administered to an infant? What does it mean that a baptised child is a member of the church? What privileges and responsibilities accompany that membership? This article explores discussions of and decisions about the admission of baptised members to the Lord’s Supper and the discipline of baptised member in the Christian Reformed Church in North America. Marked by a lack of consensus about the status and spiritual standing of baptised children, these discussions and decisions reveal ambiguity about infant baptism and church membership.
Patient Chief Complaint and Otolaryngology Referral Rationale: Discordance and Opportunities for Quality Improvement
Authors: Mann Scott E. , White Shelby , Officer Laurel C. , Ramos Laylaa , Hirsch Scott , Ferril Geoffrey R. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: As medical systems focus on patient satisfaction as an important care outcome, specialty clinics are tasked with continued improvement of patients’ experience. When patient expectations for a consultation differ from that of the specialty provider, dissatisfaction with the experience can occur. One source of differing expectations is discordance between the patient’s chief complaint and the clinical rationale for the consultation as requested by the referring provider. We sought to better understand when this discordance occurs, as well as factors contributing to this disorientation of patient and provider expectations in a safety net otolaryngology practice. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed and records were examined from new patient consultations. Patient questionnaires, including self-reported chief concerns, were compared with the electronic referral documentation. A difference between the patient’s Chief Complaint (CC) and Referral Reason (RR) was defined as CC-RR Discordance. Medical records, pre-consultation patient communication, and scheduling data were also reviewed to evaluate contributing factors. Results: Of the 1155 consultations examined, 952 were included in the analysis. A CC-RR Discordance was found in 175 (18.4%) of new-patient encounters, including 117 (12.3%) that were unable to articulate a CC (unsure of the reason for the appointment), and 58 (6.1%) that stated a CC that was different than the RR. The rate of CC-RR Discordance was higher in patients with female sex ( P < .05), older age ( P < .001), and longer time intervals between referral and appointment ( P < .05). Lack of communication with the patient (instructions or referral notification) by the referring provider was not associated with CC-RR Discordance. Conclusions: Discordance between patient CC and the rationale for a consultation is common in this safety-net otolaryngology practice and may be an important source of patient dissatisfaction. Future opportunities for quality improvement include pre-consultation communication between the specialist and the patient and reducing time intervals between referral and appointment.
Can Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predict Laryngectomy Complications or Survival Outcomes?
Authors: Marcus Kathryn , Sullivan Christopher Blake , Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Buchakjian Marisa R. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a reported biomarker for morbidity and mortality in chronic disease and following certain surgeries, has not been well-studied in head and neck cancer patients. The aim of the study was to examine the association of RDW with postoperative complications and survival among patients who underwent primary or salvage laryngectomy. Methods: We analyzed a retrospective case series study of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated with total laryngectomy. Survival outcomes were examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: One hundred seventy-seven patients were included in the final analysis. The most common tumor subsite was the supraglottis (60%). On bivariate analysis, patients with RDW ≥14.5 had higher prevalence of non-surgical, systemic complications, including deep venous thrombosis, pneumonia, cardiovascular events, and difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. However, there was no significant difference in laryngectomy-specific post-operative complications, including pharyngocutaneous fistula, wound infection, stoma complications, and chyle leak. RDW was not found to be associated with survival outcomes following laryngectomy. Conclusions: Among laryngectomy patients, RDW ≥14.5 is associated with higher prevalence of systemic morbidity, but not with specific local surgical complications or decreased survival.
Predictors of sentinel lymph node metastasis in Chinese women with clinical T1-T2 N0 breast cancer and a normal axillary ultrasound
Authors: Fu Fenfen , Zhang Yonghui , Sun Jie , Zhang Chun , Zhang Dongjie , Xie Lingduo , Chu Futao , Yu Xue , Xie Yuntao 
Published: October 2021

Background The clinicopathological predictors of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in clinical T1-T2 N0 (cT1-T2 N0) patients with a normal axillary ultrasound (AUS) are unclear. Purpose To assess the association between clinicopathological characteristics of a primary tumor and SLN metastasis in cT1-T2 N0 patients with a normal AUS. Material and Methods Patients who were diagnosed with cT1-T2 N0 invasive breast cancer and who obtained normal AUS results between October 2016 and September 2018 in a single hospital were included. Clinicopathological data were collected to explore the predictors of SLN metastasis using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results SLN metastasis occurred in 26 patients (18.4%) among 141 AUS-normal patients, of which 24 cases (17.0%) had one or two nodal involvements. In the univariate analysis, tumor location, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were significantly associated with SLN metastasis ( P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that tumor location in the upper outer quadrant (odds ratio [OR] = 4.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.63–12.37; P = 0.004), positive PR status (OR = 13.35, 95% CI = 1.60–111.39; P = 0.017), and positive LVI (OR = 8.66, 95% CI = 2.20–34.18; P = 0.002) were independent high-risk factors for SLN metastasis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the regression model was 0.787 (95% CI = 0.694–0.881; P < 0.001). Conclusion Tumor location in the upper outer quadrant, positive PR, and LVI status were found to be significantly high-risk factors for SLN metastasis among cT1-T2 N0 breast cancer patients with a normal AUS result.
White matter integrity in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia: a multi-node automated fiber tract quantification study
Authors: Li Rui , Sun Hongfang , Hao Hongjuan , Liu Yali , Zhang Yang , Zhang Tianran , Wang Guangbin , Wang Ming 
Published: October 2021

Objective To study the characteristics of point-by-point destruction of white matter tracts in patients using automated fiber tract quantification (AFQ). Methods Thirty-four classic trigeminal neuralgia (CTN) patients and 34 healthy control (HC) subjects underwent 3.0 T diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and T1-weighted imaging. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 100 nodes of 20 fiber tracts were analyzed by AFQ, and the correlations of the FA and MD with the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were assessed. Results The FA values of the left thalamic radiation (middle segment), left corticospinal tract, callosum forceps minor, and right uncinate fasciculus were significantly lower in CTN patients than in the HC group. The MD of the left thalamic tract (middle segment), left corticospinal tract, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (anterior segment) were significantly higher in the CTN group. Additionally, the VAS pain score in CTN patients was positively correlated with FA and negatively correlated with MD. Conclusion Specific fiber tract nodes were damaged in CTN patients, which was related to the VAS pain score. Multi-node quantitative studies of fiber tract damage are valuable for understanding the white matter tract damage pattern in CTN patients.
Application of damage control surgery in patients with sacrococcygeal deep decubitus ulcers complicated by sepsis
Authors: Wei Zhiyi , Zhu Jingfa , Lin Tianlai , Cai Hehui , Fang Xiangjian , Zhu Yixin , Yang Xiaolan , Cheng Juntao 
Published: October 2021

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of damage control surgery (DCS) in patients with sacrococcygeal deep decubitus ulcers complicated by sepsis. Methods We conducted a 3-year retrospective clinical study of 32 patients with deep sacrococcygeal bedsores and sepsis admitted from January 2018 to January 2021. According to the concept of DCS, the wound was temporarily closed with vacuum sealing drainage after primary debridement, and a local rhomboid flap was designed to repair the wound in the second stage. Finally, the clinical therapeutic effect was observed. Results Twenty-nine patients were treated with skin flap translocation and were cured clinically. Specifically, the skin flap survived in 27 of the 29 patients after the first translocation attempt (success rate of 93.1%). One patient developed incisional dehiscence, and one patient developed a hydrocele under the skin flap. Conclusions Application of DCS in patients with sacrococcygeal deep decubitus ulcers complicated by sepsis improves the therapeutic success rate and reduces the risks of the operation and complication rate. It has unique advantages and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Comparative efficacy of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in combination with beta-lactams to treat community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Salloum Jumana , Gillani Syed Wasif , Mahmood Rana Kamran , Gulam Shabaz Mohiuddin 
Published: October 2021

Objective The objective was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin and clarithromycin in combination with beta-lactams to treat community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalized adults. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Trip, Medline, and Clinical Key) were searched to identify randomized clinical trials with patients exposed to azithromycin or clarithromycin in combination with a beta-lactam. All articles were critically reviewed for inclusion in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Seven clinical trials were included. The treatment success rate for azithromycin–beta-lactam after 10 to 14 days was 87.55% and that for clarithromycin–beta-lactam after 5 to 7 days of therapy was 75.42%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was commonly found in macrolide groups, with 130 and 80 isolates in the clarithromycin-based and azithromycin-based groups, respectively. The length of hospital stay was an average of 8.45 days for patients receiving a beta-lactam–azithromycin combination and 7.25 days with a beta-lactam–clarithromycin combination. Conclusion Macrolide inter-class differences were noted, with a higher clinical success rate for azithromycin-based combinations. However, a shorter length of hospital stay was achieved with a clarithromycin–beta-lactam regimen. Thus, a macrolide combined with a beta-lactam should be chosen using susceptibility data from the treating facility.
Laparoendoscopic single-site compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery for gynaecological acute abdomen in pregnant women
Authors: Jiang Danni , Yang Yang , Zhang Xinxin , He Fang , Wu Yanxia , Niu Jumin , Nie Xiaocui 
Published: October 2021

Objective To estimate the safety and feasibility of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) in pregnant patients with acute abdomen. Methods Baseline characteristics, surgical results, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were retrospectively compared between single and multiport procedures in patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy between 2017 and 2021. Results Fifty-four pregnant patients were included: 26 who underwent LESS (salpingectomy, 11 cases/cystectomy, 15 cases) and 28 who underwent conventional laparoscopic surgeries (salpingectomy, 12 cases/cystectomy, 16 cases) during pregnancy. One patient in the single-port group required additional ports. No patients converted to laparotomy. In patients undergoing salpingectomy, the single-port group showed lower 8- and 24-h postoperative pain scores, shorter hospital stays, and lower Self-rating Anxiety Scale scores prior to discharge versus conventional laparoscopy. One patient experienced postoperative vaginal bleeding and a missed abortion during follow-up. In patients receiving cystectomy, 8- and 24-h pain scores, postoperative hospital stay, and anxiety scores were lower in the single-port versus multiport group. Other outcomes were comparable between the groups. Conclusion The feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy is similar between single- or multiport routes, however, the single-port route may be associated with less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, and lower anxiety.
Development of near homogeneous properties in wire arc additive manufacturing process for near-net shaped structural component of low-carbon steel
Authors: Paul Amrit Raj , Mukherjee Manidipto , Raja Manivannan , Kundu Soumyajit , Chatterjee Avik 
Published: October 2021

Low-carbon steel is a common structural material, but additively manufactured structural component of this material is rare due to its inhomogeneous properties. In this article, the wire arc additive manufacturing method was used to achieve near homogeneous properties of a low-carbon steel structural component. The process heat input was optimised for the desired layer geometry, and then the optimal energy was applied with a time delay to deposit individual layers. The time delay was used to achieve cyclic heating and cooling treatment of deposited layers. The best possible robotic tool path movement with multi point arcing was further adopted in the study to achieve proper thermal distribution across the structural component. The microstructure of layers was dominated by quasi-polygonal ferrite morphology and pearlite precipitation, with little variation in quantity across the component. The hardness profile was almost consistent with the average hardness of ∼176.92 HV. The proof stress slightly increases with decrease in grain size and increase in ferrite/pearlite ratio, however, the overall tensile behaviour is homogeneous with average σ0.2, σu and ε% values of 427.78 MPa, 527.89 MPa and 22.31%, respectively. The quasi-ductile fracture was generally occurred due to void coalescence around larger inclusions. The overall analysis showed that more than 90% of homogeneity was achieved in microstructural and mechanical behaviour of the deposited component.
Parametric investigation on surface roughness and hole quality of Ti metal hybrid fibers cored laminate (MFL) during abrasive water jet drilling
Authors: Rajesh Munusamy , Kaliyamoorthy Rajkumar , Kirubakaran Ramraji 
Published: October 2021

High-strength environment-friendly metal-fiber laminates (MFLs) are increasingly used for primary structures for various engineering applications. The surface roughness variation and delamination factor of a titanium (Ti) metal-cored basalt/flax fiber laminate were investigated during abrasive water jet drilling (AWJD). The present AWJD investigation is to establish the correlation of four important process independent variables of WJP—water jet pressure, TS—traverse speed, QMFR—abrasive mass flow rate, and SOD—stand-off distance to the delamination factor (Fd-top) and surface roughness (Ra) of drilled hole. Central composite design (CCD) of L29 orthogonal array was used to perform the experimental observations. The statistical approach (ANOVA) was employed to determine the contribution of individual AWJD parameters to drilling operation. It is identified from experimental results that the water jet pressure is the most predominant process parameter and its contribution on Fd-top and Ra were 74.28% and 72.48%, respectively. Increasing the water pressure from low (160 MPa) to its higher range (320 MPa) showed that the surface roughness and delamination factor were reduced irrespective of other drilling parameters. Increased water pressure provides enough kinetic energy for abrasive particles to facilitate a higher penetration potential during the drilling process. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images show the machining-induced damages like ploughing marks, uncut fibers, ridges, craters, matrix smearing, and delamination on an abrasive water jet drilled surface of prepared MFL.
Modification of physical and functional characteristics of chitin extracted from microwave-treated Nelumbo nucifera rhizome flour
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Mannan Rabia , Nishan Umar 
Published: October 2021

Chitin, a cell wall polysaccharide, extracted from Nelumbo nucifera rhizome (NNR), was subjected to microwave treatment to modify its physical and functional characteristics. The NNR flour was irradiated at different levels of the microwave treatment period (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min). Chitin was extracted from the native and microwave-treated samples and analyzed for physical and functional characteristics. The microwave treatment resulted in some variations in the extract yield, structure, morphology, and composition of chitin that were directly correlated with its functional properties. Regression analysis of the data showed a significant ( p < 0.05) time-dependent linear decrease in extract yield, polynomial decrease in water-holding and swelling capacities, an exponential increase in oil holding, and an exponential decrease in iron-binding capacity of chitin extracted from microwave-treated flour. These variations in the studied functional properties may be due to microwave-induced hydrolytic degradation of chitin, structural rearrangements, and exposure of some lipophilic functional groups on the surface of chitin. The data would be a valuable contribution to the literature regarding microwave-induced modification in physical and functional characteristics of chitin present in N. nucifera rhizome and other plant-based biomaterials of industrial importance.