bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space use of cougars at the northern edge of their range
Authors: Smereka Corey A , Frame Paul F , Edwards Mark A , Slater Owen M , Frame Delaney D , Derocher Andrew E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe space use strategies animals use to acquire resources needed for survival and reproduction reflect life history traits and individual behaviors. For large solitary carnivores, such as cougars (Puma concolor), prey, mates, and safe habitat in which to raise offspring, are resources that influence space use. Most animal home range studies investigate differences between sexes but fail to explore the space use patterns among individuals. We first used 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP), kernel density estimate (KDE), and Brownian bridge estimator (BB), to estimate the home range of 43 cougars satellite-collared in west-central Alberta, Canada, in 2016–2018. We found that adult males (MCP = 498 km2; KDE = 623 km2; BB = 547 km2) had home ranges that were more than twice the size of those of adult females (MCP = 181 km2; KDE = 273 km2; BB = 217 km2). We then used net squared displacement, path segmentation analysis, and multi-response permutation procedure, to examine the space use patterns of 27 female and 16 male cougars. We constructed a decision tree and found that 23% of cougars were dispersers (12% of females and 44% of males), 47% were residents (58% of females and 31% of males), 9% were seasonal home range shifters (12% of females and 6% of males), and 19% shifted to a new area during the study period (19% of females and 19% of males). We learned that dispersers all were subadults, whereas all residents, seasonal shifters, and shifters, were adults, except for one subadult male. Our study provides insights on animal home ranges with methods to categorize different space use strategies which could be used to help assess the dynamics of a population.
Conservation of Dry Forest Old Growth in Eastern Oregon
Authors: Johnston James D , Greenler Skye M , Reilly Matthew J , Webb Mark R , Merschel Andrew G , Johnson K Norman , Franklin Jerry F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConservation of old-growth forests has become an increasingly important objective of Forest Service managers over the last three decades. The US Forest Service recently made changes to policies that prohibit cutting of live trees &gt;53 cm (the “21-inch rule”). We review the disturbance ecology of dry and mesic old-growth forests of Oregon and contrast conservation policies for these two forest types. We describe the development of age-based alternatives to the 21-inch rule on the Klamath Reservation and in the Malheur National Forest in eastern Oregon. We conclude by outlining an adaptive management strategy to conserve dry forest old growth that seeks to restore the ecological processes that perpetuate old tree populations over time. We argue that what is good for dry forest ecosystems is good for dry forest old growth, especially in the face of changing climate and disturbance regimes.
NICER uncovers the transient nature of the type-B quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole candidate MAXI J1348−630
Authors: Zhang L , Altamirano D , Uttley P , García F , Méndez M , Homan J , Steiner J F , Alabarta K , Buisson D J K , Remillard R A , Gendreau K C , Arzoumanian Z , Markwardt C , Strohmayer T E , Neilsen J , Basak A 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic spectral-timing analysis of a fast appearance/disappearance of a type-B quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), observed in four Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) observations of MAXI J1348−630. By comparing the spectra of the period with and without the type-B QPO, we found that the main difference appears at energy bands above ∼2 keV, suggesting that the QPO emission is dominated by the hard Comptonized component. During the transition, a change in the relative contribution of the disc and Comptonized emission was observed. The disc flux decreased while the Comptonized flux increased from non-QPO to type-B QPO. However, the total flux did not change too much in the NICER band. Our results reveal that the type-B QPO is associated with a redistribution of accretion power between the disc and Comptonized emission. When the type-B QPO appears, more accretion power is dissipated into the Comptonized region than in the disc. Our spectral fits give a hint that the increased Comptonized emission may come from an additional component that is related to the base of the jet.
The VANDELS Survey: new constraints on the high-mass X-ray binary populations in normal star-forming galaxies at 3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5
Authors: Saxena A , Ellis R S , Förster P U , Calabrò A , Pentericci L , Carnall A C , Castellano M , Cullen F , Fontana A , Franco M , Fynbo J P U , Gargiulo A , Garilli B , Hathi N P , McLeod D J , Amorín R , Zamorani G 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
We use VANDELS spectroscopic data overlapping with the ≃7 Ms Chandra Deep Field South survey to extend studies of high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs) in 301 normal star-forming galaxies in the redshift range 3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5. Our analysis evaluates correlations between X-ray luminosities (LX), star formation rates (SFRs), and stellar metallicities (Z⋆) to higher redshifts and over a wider range in galaxy properties than hitherto. Using a stacking analysis performed in bins of both redshift and SFR for sources with robust spectroscopic redshifts without AGN signatures, we find convincing evolutionary trends in the ratio LX/SFR to the highest redshifts probed, with a stronger trend for galaxies with lower SFRs. Combining our data with published samples at lower redshift, the evolution of LX/SFR to z ≃ 5 proceeds as (1 + z)1.03 ± 0.02. Using stellar metallicities derived from photospheric absorption features in our spectroscopic data, we confirm indications at lower redshifts that LX/SFR is stronger for metal-poor galaxies. We use semi-analytic models to show that metallicity dependence of LX/SFR alone may not be sufficient to fully explain the observed redshift evolution of X-ray emission from HMXBs, particularly for galaxies with SFR &lt; 30 M⊙ yr−1. We speculate that reduced overall stellar ages and ‘burstier’ star formation histories in the early Universe may lead to higher LX/SFR for the same metallicity. We then define the redshift-dependent contribution of HMXBs to the integrated X-ray luminosity density and, in comparison with models, find that the contribution of HMXBs to the cosmic X-ray background at z &gt; 6 may be ≳0.25 dex higher than previously estimated.
Evidence for multiple origins of fast declining Type II supernovae from spectropolarimetry of SN 2013ej and SN 2017ahn
Authors: Nagao T , Patat F , Taubenberger S , Baade D , Faran T , Cikota A , Sand D J , Bulla M , Kuncarayakti H , Maund J R , Tartaglia L , Valenti S , Reichart D E 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The origin of the diverse light-curve shapes of Type II supernovae (SNe), and whether they come from similar or distinct progenitors, has been actively discussed for decades. Here, we report spectropolarimetry of two fast declining Type II (Type IIL) SNe: SN 2013ej and SN 2017ahn. SN 2013ej exhibited high continuum polarization from very soon after the explosion to the radioactive tail phase with time-variable polarization angles. The origin of this polarimetric behaviour can be interpreted as the combination of two different aspherical structures, namely an aspherical interaction of the SN ejecta with circumstellar matter (CSM) and an inherently aspherical explosion. Aspherical explosions are a common feature of slowly declining Type II (Type IIP) SNe. By contrast, SN 2017ahn showed low polarization not only in the photospheric phase but also in the radioactive tail phase. This low polarization in the tail phase, which has never before been observed in other Type IIP/L SNe, suggests that the explosion of SN 2017ahn was nearly spherical. These observations imply that Type IIL SNe have, at least, two different origins: they result from stars that have different explosion properties and/or different mass-loss processes. This fact might indicate that 13ej-like Type IIL SNe originate from a similar progenitor to those of Type IIP SNe accompanied by an aspherical CSM interaction, while 17ahn-like Type IIL SNe come from a more massive progenitor with less hydrogen in its envelope.
The size function of massive satellites from the Re–Rh and Mstar–Mh relations: constraining the role of environment
Authors: Zanisi L , Shankar F , Bernardi M , Mei S , Huertas-Company M 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
In previous work, we showed that a semi-empirical model in which galaxies in host dark matter haloes are assigned stellar masses via a stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation and sizes (Re) via a linear and tight Re–Rh relation can faithfully reproduce the size function of local Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) central galaxies and the strong size evolution of massive galaxies (MGs; Mstar &gt; 1011.2 M⊙). In this third paper of the series, we focus on the population of satellite MGs. We find that without any additional calibration and irrespective of the exact SMHM relation, fraction of quenched galaxies, or level of stellar stripping, the same model is able to reproduce the local size function of quiescent satellite MGs in SDSS. In addition, the same model can reproduce the puzzling weak dependence of mean size on host halo mass for both central and satellite galaxies. The model also matches the size function of star-forming satellite MGs, after assuming that some of them transform into massive lenticulars in a few Gyr after infalling in the group/cluster environment. However, the vast majority of satellite lenticulars are predicted to form before infall. The Re–Rh relation appears to be fundamental to connect galaxies and their host haloes.
Immunotherapy in association with stereotactic radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: results from a multicentric retrospective study on behalf of AIRO
Authors: Scoccianti Silvia , Olmetto Emanuela , Pinzi Valentina , Osti Mattia Falchetto , Di Franco Rossella , Caini Saverio , Anselmo Paola , Matteucci Paolo , Franceschini Davide , Mantovani Cristina , Beltramo Giancarlo , Pasqualetti Francesco , Bruni Alessio , Tini Paolo , Giudice Emilia , Ciammella Patrizia , Merlotti Anna , Pedretti Sara , Trignani Marianna , Krengli Marco , Giaj-Levra Niccolò , Desideri Isacco , Pecchioli Guido , Muto Paolo , Maranzano Ernesto , Fariselli Laura , Navarria Pierina , Ricardi Umberto , Scotti Vieri , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
To define efficacy and toxicity of Immunotherapy (IT) with stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) including radiosurgery (RS) or hypofractionated SRT (HFSRT) for brain metastases (BM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a multicentric retrospective study from AIRO (Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology).

Methods
NSCLC patients with BM receiving SRT + IT and treated in 19 Italian centers were analyzed and compared with a control group of patients treated with exclusive SRT.

Results
One hundred patients treated with SRT + IT and 50 patients treated with SRT-alone were included. Patients receiving SRT + IT had a longer intracranial Local Progression-Free Survival (iLPFS) (propensity score-adjusted P = .007). Among patients who, at the diagnosis of BM, received IT and had also extracranial progression (n = 24), IT administration after SRT was shown to be related to a better overall survival (OS) (P = .037). A multivariate analysis, non-adenocarcinoma histology, KPS = 70 and use of HFSRT were associated with a significantly worse survival (P = .019, P = .017 and P = .007 respectively). Time interval between SRT and IT ≤7 days (n = 90) was shown to be related to a longer OS if compared to SRT-IT interval &gt;7 days (n = 10) (propensity score-adjusted P = .008). The combined treatment was well tolerated. No significant difference in terms of radionecrosis between SRT + IT patients and SRT-alone patients was observed. The time interval between SRT and IT had no impact on the toxicity rate.

Conclusions
Combined SRT + IT was a safe approach, associated with a better iLPFS if compared to exclusive SRT.
Differences in Quit Attempts, Successful Quits, Methods, and Motivations in a Longitudinal Cohort of Adult Tobacco Users by Sexual Orientation
Authors: Patterson Joanne G , Hinton Alice , Cooper Sarah E , Wewers Mary Ellen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual minority (SM) tobacco users are less likely to successfully quit than heterosexuals, yet little evidence describes cessation behaviors in this population over time.

Aims and Methods
Our study investigated quit motivations, attempts, and methods in a longitudinal cohort of adult tobacco users by sexual orientation. Participants (N = 1177) completed interviews every 6 months through 48 months and reported quit attempts (24-hour tobacco free), successful quits (7-day point prevalence abstinence), motivations, and methods. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests assessed differences by heterosexual and SM orientation, gender, and quit outcome (attempt-only vs. successful quit).

Results
Quit rates were similar for heterosexual and SM adults. Over half attempted to quit at least once over 48 months, but few remained abstinent (SM: 16.9%; heterosexual: 12.1%). Most used nicotine replacement therapy (SM: 31.9%; heterosexual: 26.1%) or tobacco product substitution (SM: 27.7%; heterosexual: 21.2%). Few used quitlines (SM: 4.3%; heterosexual: 1.3%) or Internet-based programs (SM: 6.4%; heterosexual: 1.3%). Quit motivations included health concerns, family, and physical fitness. Participants reporting a successful quit were more likely to report a household member quit smoking than 24-hour quit attempters. Among participants reporting a successful quit, more SM than heterosexual participants reported that a coworker quit smoking (55.6% vs. 33.1%, p = .009).

Conclusions
We found few differences between heterosexual and SM tobacco users in our sample. Many repeatedly attempt to quit, yet few used evidence-based methods. Leveraging online quit programs, health messages, and family members in tailored cessation interventions may help SM and heterosexual tobacco users successfully quit.

Implications
SM and heterosexual tobacco users evidenced few differences in quit behaviors. Over 4 years, a majority attempted to quit, with over a third making repeated quit attempts. Nicotine replacement therapy and tobacco product substitution were mostly used during quit attempts; however, more SM than heterosexual men reported using web-based quit programs. Personal health and family concerns were universal motivations to quit, yet SM women also cited physical fitness as a primary motivation. Tobacco users reporting that a household member stopped smoking were more likely to successfully quit. More SM than heterosexual men reported that a coworker quit smoking.
MADS-box transcription factors MADS11 and DAL1 interact to mediate the vegetative-to-reproductive transition in pine
Authors: Ma Jing-Jing , Chen Xi , Song Yi-Tong , Zhang Gui-Fang , Zhou Xian-Qing , Que Shu-Peng , Mao Fei , Pervaiz Tariq , Lin Jin-Xing , Li Yue , Li Wei , Wu Harry X. , Niu Shi-Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The reproductive transition is an important event that is crucial for plant survival and reproduction. Relative to the thorough understanding of the vegetative phase transition in angiosperms, a little is known about this process in perennial conifers. To gain insight into the molecular basis of the regulatory mechanism in conifers, we used temporal dynamic transcriptome analysis with samples from seven different ages of Pinus tabuliformis to identify a gene module substantially associated with aging. The results first demonstrated that the phase change in P. tabuliformis occurred as an unexpectedly rapid transition rather than a slow, gradual progression. The age-related gene module contains 33 transcription factors and was enriched in genes that belong to the MADS (MCMl, AGAMOUS, DEFICIENS, SRF)-box family, including six SOC1-like genes and DAL1 and DAL10. Expression analysis in P. tabuliformis and a late-cone-setting P. bungeana mutant showed a tight association between PtMADS11 and reproductive competence. We then confirmed that MADS11 and DAL1 coordinate the aging pathway through physical interaction. Overexpression of PtMADS11 and PtDAL1 partially rescued the flowering of 35S::miR156A and spl1,2,3,4,5,6 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but only PtMADS11 could rescue the flowering of the ft-10 mutant, suggesting PtMADS11 and PtDAL1 play different roles in flowering regulatory networks in Arabidopsis. The PtMADS11 could not alter the flowering phenotype of soc1-1-2, indicating it may function differently from AtSOC1 in Arabidopsis. In this study, we identified the MADS11 gene in pine as a regulatory mediator of the juvenile-to-adult transition with functions differentiated from the angiosperm SOC1.
Time-course miRNA alterations and SIRT1 inhibition triggered by adolescent lead exposure in mice
Authors: Liu Rundong , Wang Yawei , Bai Lin , Wang Ruike , Wu Yingying , Liu Mengchen , Li Qiong , Ba Yue , Zhang Huizhen , Zhou Guoyu , Cheng Xuemin , Huang Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, has been extensively investigated due to its cognitive protective effect. Studies suggest microRNAs (miRNAs) and histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression and play important role in brain development. We previously showed that cognitive impairment by lead (Pb) was associated with downregulation of SIRT1, but the epigenetic role of this is unclear. Thus, we exposed 4-week-old male mice to 0.2% lead acetate solution for three months, and subsequently extracted brain homogenate from mice cortex and hippocampus at the age of 1, 4, and 16 months, respectively. In this study, we found that the protein level of SIRT1 was inhibited in the hippocampus and cortex of 16-month-old aged mice exposed to Pb. Moreover, changes in the levels of miR-138-5p and miR-141-3p, which were considered to the mechanistic target of SIRT1 by bioinformatic analysis, were negative correlations SIRT1 protein expression. We also found miR-34c-3p expression was increased in the cortex of mice at the age of 16 months. Collectively, our results showed the expression of neural SIRT1 and three selected microRNAs at different age nodes of mice for the first time of following Pb exposure. Our results suggest that additional efforts should focus on the consequences of early Pb exposure from an epigenetic perspective.
Serum cytokine levels as markers of paralytic ileus following robotic radical prostatectomy at different pneumoperitoneum pressures
Authors: Hampson Alexander , Raj Nidhin , Lingamanaicker Vidhya , Thakur Shori , Shan Gowrie Mohan , Prasad Venkat , Baydoun Anwar , Vasdev Nikhil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background:
To evaluate intraoperative and postoperative cytokines in patients who underwent robotic prostatectomy (RP) at a pressure of 12 or 15 mm Hg, and the risk of postoperative ileus.

Materials and methods:
We presented the first series evaluating intraoperative and postoperative cytokines in patients undergoing RP at a pressure of 12 or 15 mm Hg by a single surgeon. Changes in cytokine concentrations were shown to correlate with surgical outcomes and pathological states. The study investigated the changes in cytokine concentrations (interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-17) at different pneumoperitoneum pressures and their potential role in the development of postoperative ileus.

Results:
The data on 10 consecutive patients confirmed that a lower pneumoperitoneum pressure was associated with lower cytokine levels and a lower risk of ileus. There were increased levels of postoperative interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17a at 15 mm Hg when compared to 12 mm Hg.

Conclusions:
The data indicated that lower pressure RP reduced intra-/postoperative cytokine levels confirming our hypothesis. Larger patient numbers are required to further validate this but the implications of this data will benefit not only urological patients but also other speciality patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.
Effects of Beta-zone Peripapillary Atrophy and Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects on Peripapillary Vessel Parameters in Young Myopic Eyes
Authors: Choe Sooyeon , Kim Yong Woo , Lim Hyung Bin , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook 
Published: May 2021

Precis:
The development of beta-zone peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) and focal lamina cribrosa defect (FLD) was significantly associated with decreased peripapillary optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) vessel parameters in young myopic eyes.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether β-PPA and FLD affect peripapillary vessel density (VD) or perfusion density (PD) from OCTA in young myopic eyes.

Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 330 eyes of 165 healthy volunteers with myopia were involved. Eyes underwent OCTA to measure peripapillary PD and VD. Eyes were grouped according to the presence of β-PPA or FLD: eyes without β-PPA or FLD (group A), eyes with β-PPA but without FLD (group B), and eyes with both β-PPA and FLD (group C). PD and VD were compared among 3 groups, and linear mixed-effect regression model was used to investigate the determinants of PD.

Results:
β-PPA was found in 219 eyes (66.4%), and FLD was detected in 27 eyes (8.2%). The average VD and PD were greatest in group A (19.13±2.04 mm–1 and 0.375±0.038), followed by group B (18.34±2.26 mm–1 and 0.363±0.042) and group C (16.71±2.81 mm–1 and 0.330±0.052) (P<0.001). The linear mixed-effect model demonstrated that presence of FLD (P=0.001) or β-PPA (P<0.001), FLD count (P=0.004), and maximal β-PPA width (P<0.001) were significantly associated with average PD after controlling for multiple confounding factors.

Conclusions:
Development of β-PPA and FLD, which is closely related with axial elongation in myopic eyes, was significantly associated with reduced OCTA vessel parameters in young myopic eyes. OCTA may help to detect vascular changes and assess glaucoma risk in these eyes.
A Feasibility Study to Direct System Level Change for Hospital Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Golden Amber , Buchanan Lynne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose/Background/Significance
The purpose of this feasibility study was to make system level change using motivational interviewing (MI), tailored discharge education, and electronic medical record (EMR) flow sheet intervention in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol is known to be one of the most commonly misused addictive substances.

Methods
It is a feasibility study with a descriptive exploratory design of an intervention with MI, tailored discharge education, and EMR flow sheet documentation. Participants were patients with AUD chosen over 3 months from two medical surgical floors. Instruments used were the readiness and confidence rulers (reliability/validity = .84 and .77, respectively). Analysis included descriptive statistics, estimation of effect size, and hypothesis generation.

Results
Of 14 participants, EMR flow sheet documentation was completed and the mean post readiness and confidence scores were 8.86 (1.167) and 8.07 (1.639), respectively.

Conclusion
The pre/post confidence scores were statistically significant (p = .095) using the .10 significance level, indicating the intervention was effective in raising the confidence level for behavior change. High scores indicated patients were in contemplation and intending to change. Seven scores increased postintervention suggesting a future hypothesis that MI, tailored education, and EMR flow sheet documentation intervention is feasible for patients with AUD contemplating change in the near future.