bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and neonatal data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries for maternal vaccines active safety surveillance systems: A scoping review
Authors: Berrueta Mabel , Ciapponi Agustin , Bardach Ariel , Cairoli Federico Rodriguez , Castellano Fabricio J. , Xiong Xu , Stergachis Andy , Zaraa Sabra , Meulen Ajoke Sobanjo ter , Buekens Pierre , Group Scoping Review Collaboration 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Most post-licensure vaccine pharmacovigilance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are passive reporting systems. These have limited utility for maternal immunization pharmacovigilance in LMIC settings and need to be supplemented with active surveillance. Our study's main objective was to identify existing perinatal data collection systems in LMICs that collect individual information on maternal and neonatal health outcomes and could be developed to inform active safety surveillance of novel vaccines for use during pregnancy.

Methods

A scoping review was performed following the Arksey and O’Malley five-stage approach. We included studies describing electronic or mixed paper-electronic data collection systems in LMICs, including research networks, electronic medical records, and custom software platforms for health information systems. Medline PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Bibliography of Asian Studies (BAS), and CINAHL were searched through August 2019. We also searched grey literature including through Google and websites of existing relevant perinatal data collection systems, as well as contacted authors of key studies and experts in the field to validate the information and identify additional sources of relevant unpublished information.

Results

A total of 11,817 records were identified. The full texts of 264 records describing 96 data collection systems were assessed for eligibility. Eight perinatal data collection systems met our inclusion criteria: Global Network’s Maternal Newborn Health Registry, International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and their Health; Perinatal Informatic System; Pregnancy Exposure Registry & Birth Defects Surveillance; SmartCare; Open Medical Record System; Open Smart Register Platform and District Health Information Software 2. These selected systems were qualitatively characterized according to seven different domains: governance; system design; system management; data management; data sources, outcomes and data quality.

Conclusion

This review provides a list of active maternal and neonatal data collection systems in LMICs and their characteristics as well as their outreach, strengths, and limitations. Findings could potentially help further understand where to obtain population-based high-quality information on outcomes to inform the conduct of maternal immunization active vaccine safety surveillance activities and research in LMICs.
A Machine Learning Technique to Analyze Depressive Disorders
Authors: Mali Dixita , Kumawat Kritika , Kumawat Gaurav , Chakrabarti Prasun , Poddar Sandeep , Chakrabarti Tulika , Hussaine Jemal , Kamali Ali-Mohammad , Bolsev Vadim , Kateb Babak , Nami Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Depression is an ordinary mental health care problem and the usual cause of disability worldwide. The main purpose of this research was to determine that how depression affects the life of an individual. It is a leading cause of morbidity and death. Over the last 50–60 years, large numbers of studies published various aspects including the impact of depression. The main purpose of this research is to determine whether the person is suffering from depression or not. The dataset of Depression has been taken from the Kaggle website. Guided Machine Learning classifiers have helped in the highest accuracy of a dataset. Classifiers like XGBoost Tree, Random Trees, Neural Network, SVM, Random Forest, C5.0, and Bay Net. From the result, it is evident that the C5.0 classifier is giving the highest accuracy with 83.94 % and for each classifier, the result is derived based without pre-processing.
Using regional scaling for temperature forecasts with the Stochastic Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (StocSIPS).
Authors: Amador Lenin Del Rio , Lovejoy Shaun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Over time scales between 10 days and 10–20 years – the macroweather regime – atmospheric fields, including the temperature, respect statistical scale symmetries, such as power-law correlations, that imply the existence of a huge memory in the system that can be exploited for long-term forecasts. The Stochastic Seasonal to Interannual Prediction System (StocSIPS) is a stochastic model that exploits these symmetries to perform long-term forecasts. It models the temperature as the high-frequency limit of the (fractional) energy balance equation (fractional Gaussian noise) which governs radiative equilibrium processes when the relevant equilibrium relaxation processes are power law, rather than exponential. They are obtained when the order of the relaxation equation is fractional rather than integer and they are solved as past value problems rather than initial value problems. StocSIPS was first developed for monthly and seasonal forecast of globally averaged temperature. In this paper, we extend it to the prediction of the spatially resolved temperature field by treating each grid point as an independent time series. Compared to traditional global circulation models (GCMs), StocSIPS has the advantage of forcing predictions to converge to the real-world climate. It extracts the internal variability (weather noise) directly from past data and does not suffer from model drift. Here we apply StocSIPS to obtain monthly and seasonal predictions of the surface temperature and show some preliminary comparison with multi-model ensemble (MME) GCM results. For one month lead time, our simple stochastic model shows similar values of the skill scores than the much more complex deterministic models.
Comparison of the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult's population in Riyadh
Authors: ALkharashi Nouf 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic led to lockdowns in several parts of the world, causing sudden lifestyle and dietary habits changed, through social distancing and isolation at home. This study aimed to compare the general dietary habits and lifestyle between before and during COVID-19 among the Saudi adult population in Riyadh. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, targeting the Riyadh population, from 16 May 2020 to 16 June 2020. The study comprised a structured questionnaire packet that inquired demographic information examples include:(age, gender, place of residence, and health status); dietary habits information (daily intake of certain foods, food frequency, number of meals/day, and number of times drinking the tea and coffee); lifestyle habits information (physical activity, sleep quality, time that spend using the internet, social media and electronic devices for fun daily and stresses) using Google form. A total of 1,193 participants have been included in the study aged over 18 years.Results: During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the number of meals eaten daily, the number of times of fruits and vegetable intake, the number of sweets, cakes, and biscuits, the number of hours of sleep per day, the time using the internet and social media were observed more than at in the before COVID-19 pandemic period. However, the number of running exercise or physical activity was significantly reduced. Conclusion: In this study, the dietary and lifestyle habits have changed among the Saudis during the COVID-19 period. Future large-scale similar studies should be undertaken to confirm the results of the study.
Beneficial effects of a mouthwash containing an antiviral phthalocyanine derivative on the length of hospital stay for COVID-19
Authors: Santos Paulo Sérgio da Silva , Orcina Bernardo da Fonseca , Machado Rafael Rahal Guaragna , Vilhena Fabiano Vieira , Alves Lucas Marques da Costa , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso de , Soares Mariana Quirino Silveira , Simão Andréa Name Colado , Pietro Emilene Cristine Izu Nakamura , Kuroda Juliana Pescinelli Garcia , Benjamim Ivanilda Aparecida de Almeida , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Toma Sérgio Hiroshi , Flor Lourival , Araki Koiti , Durigon Edison Luiz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The risk of contamination and dissemination by SARS-CoV-2 has a strong link with nasal, oral and pharyngeal cavities. Recently, our research group observed the promising performance of an anionic phthalocyanine derivative (APD) used in a mouthwash protocol without photoexcitation; this protocol improved the general clinical condition of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The present two-arm study evaluated in vitro the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of APD. Additionally, a triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 41 hospitalized patients who tested positive for COVID-19. All the included patients received World Health Organization standard care hospital treatment (non-intensive care) plus active mouthwash (experimental group AM/n=20) or nonactive mouthwash (control group NAM/n=21). The adjunct mouthwash intervention protocol used in both groups consisted one-minute gargling/rinsing / 5 times/day until hospital discharge. Groups were compared considering age, number of comorbidities, duration of symptoms prior admission and length of hospital stay (LOS). The associations between group and sex, age range, presence of comorbidities, admission to Intensive care unit (ICU) and death were also evaluated. Results: The in vitro evaluation demonstrated that APD compound was highly effective for reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the 1.0 mg/mL (99.96%) to 0.125 mg/mL (92.65%) range without causing cytotoxicity. Regarding the clinical trial, the median LOS of the AM group was significantly shortened (4 days) compared with that of the NAM group (7 days) (p=0.0314). Additionally, gargling/rinsing with APD was very helpful in reducing the severity of symptoms (no ICU care was needed) compared to not gargling/rinsing with APD (28.6% of the patients in the NAM group needed ICU care, and 50% of this ICU subgroup passed way, p=0.0207). Conclusions: This study indicated that the mechanical action of the protocol involving mouthwash containing a compound with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 may reduce the symptoms of the patients and the spread of infection. The use of APD in a mouthwash as an adjuvant the hospital COVID-19 treatment presented no contraindication and reduced the hospital stay period. Trial Registration: The clinical study was registered at REBEC - Brazilian Clinical Trial Register (RBR-58ftdj).
Mosques in Japan Responding to COVID-19 Pandemic: Infection Prevention and Support Provision
Authors: Kotani Hitomu , Tamura Mari , Nejima Susumu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Religious activities tend to be conducted in enclosed, crowded, and close-contact settings, which have a high potential of transmitting the coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19); therefore, religious communities are expected to take appropriate infection prevention measures. Meanwhile, during past natural disasters, religious communities have provided various types of support to affected people; hence, their role in disaster risk reduction has received much attention. In this study, we aimed to identify the infection prevention measures and support provision implemented by mosques—Islamic institutions managed and operated mainly by foreign Muslims living in Japan—during the one year from January 2020. We collected qualitative information from newspaper articles (18 articles on 19 mosques) and interviews with representatives of three mosques. We found that various infection control measures were implemented in mosques—refraining from mass prayers and closing buildings from an early stage (around February 2020); canceling large-scale events during the month of Ramadan; moving some activities online; and ensuring indoor ventilation and safe physical distance even when continuing face-to-face prayer activities. We also found that various types of support were provided by mosques—donating masks to the local government; listening to problems of people affected by COVID-19 regardless of their nationality; providing financial support to them; translating and disseminating information to foreign Muslims; and providing religious meals for them. This study provides actual examples of infection prevention measures taken by mosques in a Muslim-minority society and suggests that mosques appropriately responded to the needs of religious minorities during disasters, including COVID-19.
Chlorine activated stacking fault removal mechanism in thin film CdTe solar cells: the whole story
Authors: Hatton Peter , Watts Michael , Abbas Ali , Fiducia Tom , Walls John , Smith Roger , Goddard Pooja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The efficiency of as-deposited CdTe solar cells is typically <5 %. An activation process involving the post-treatment of the CdTe surface with cadmium chloride at approximately 400 deg C improves the absorber microstructure by removing stacking faults, fills the grain boundaries with chlorine and leads to efficiencies of up to ~22 %. Stacking fault removal and improvement in device efficiency are thus correlated but the question of whether this correlation is direct or indirect has to date not been established. Although some types of stacking fault could be hole traps, those most commonly observed are tetrahedral in nature which recent work has shown to be electrically benign. For the first time, in this paper, we not only explain the passivation responsible for this efficiency increase but crucially elucidate the associated stacking fault removal mechanism. Experimental work shows that as chlorine is added to the system, the stacking faults gradually disappear from the absorber layer upwards to the surface with some grains being fault-free in the intermediate state before full saturation. At saturation chlorine decorates all the grain boundaries and so the effect of chlorine on a model system of a tetrahedral stacking fault bounded by two grain boundaries is investigated using density functional theory (DFT). We find that if the stacking faults between the grain boundaries were to be removed without Cl, this would result in an energy increase for the system. Increasing the chlorine concentration in the grain boundaries decreases the energy difference between the faulted and unfaulted system until a cross-over occurs close to the point at which chlorine saturates the grain boundaries. The atomic mechanisms and energy profile for the stacking fault removal is presented. The removal process is via a cascade effect whereby the system energy gradually increases as the fault is sequentially removed until the layers snap into place. The energy barrier for this to occur is easily overcome with the 400 deg C temperature treatment. Density of States (DOS) plots of the chlorine saturated structures show that defect passivation occurs in the highly reconstructed grain boundaries due to both interstitial and substitutional chorine. Chlorine saturation is shown to disconnect the two sides of the grain boundary avoiding electronic defects which arise from the interaction of dangling bonds across this region. It is thus concluded that the cell efficiency increase observed is due to the electronic effects of chlorine in the grain boundaries and that the observed stacking fault removal is a bi-product of the chlorine grain boundary saturation.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical procedures in Brazil: a descriptive study
Authors: Luizeti Bárbara Okabaiasse , Perli Victor Augusto Santos , Costa Gabriel Gonçalves da , Eckert Igor da Conceição , Roma Aluisio Marino , Costa Karina Miura da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected medical practice, and changes in healthcare activities were needed to minimize the overload and avoid healthcare systems collapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on surgical procedures in Brazil. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of the number of hospitalizations for surgical procedures in Brazil from 2016 to 2020. Data were collected from the Brazilian Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Analyzes were performed according to the type of procedure, geographical region, subgroups of surgical procedures, and the number of surgeries from 2020 were compared with the average from 2016 to 2019. Results: There were 4,009,116 hospitalizations for surgical procedures in the Brazilian Public Health System in 2020. When comparing it to the average of hospitalizations from 2016-2019, there was a decrease of 14.88% [95%IC (14.82-14.93)]. Decrease rates were 34.82% [95%IC (34.73-34.90)] for elective procedures and 1.11% [95%IC (1.07-1.13)] for urgent procedures. Decrease rates were similar in all the five regions of the country (average 14.17%). Surgical procedure subgroups with the highest decrease rates were endocrine gland surgery (48.03%), breast surgery (40.68%), oral and maxillofacial surgery (37.03%), surgery of the upper airways, face, head and neck (36.06%), and minor surgeries and surgeries of skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucosa (33.16%). Conclusion: The overload of healthcare facilities has demanded a reduction of non-urgent activities to prevent a collapse of healthcare systems, resulting in a decrease in elective surgeries. Recommendations about the performance of surgical procedures were made, and continuous refinements of these recommendations are encouraged.
Prevalence of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain among Adult Diabetic Patients (T2DM) with Peripheral Neuropathy and Quality of Life of the Patients with Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad Ahmad , Bayraktar Nurhan , Bebis Hatice 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) among adult patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as well as to determine the quality of life of patients with DPNP.Materials and method: The study designed in cross-sectional research model was conducted at the Jordanian Ministry of Health in Jordan, Amman during the period from 15 June 2019 to 5 October 2019. A total of 400 adult T2DM patients with DNP were recruited for the study. Data were collected by way of an assessment tool package, including descriptive data (demographics, anthropometric measurements, laboratory measurements, and clinical data), the Douleur Neuropathique4 (DN4) questionnaire, physical exam, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). To analyze study data descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: Results of the current study showed that the prevalence of DPNP among adult T2DM patients with DPN was high (47.8%). About half of the participants had mild or moderate pain with the most frequently reported symptoms of tingling and burning. Uncontrolled diabetes was found to be the main predictor of DPNP among patients with DPN. Participants who had DPNP reported having problems in connection with mobility, self-care, routine activities, discomfort, and anxiety or/and depression, and they had a significantly lower quality of life with poorer self-rated health status than those without DPNP. Besides, the effect of pain on their quality of life was found to be significant. Conclusion: The study recommends, in accordance with the results, that strategies should be developed for an effective management of painful DPN with an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. Current clinical guideline recommendations should be followed to improve patient care and reduce the burden of the disease.
Student's perception towards challenges and difficulties to established&nbsp;E-learning Medical Education in a high burden developing country&nbsp;
Authors: Gismalla Mohamed D. A. , Mohamed Mohamed Soud , Ibrahim Omaima Salah O , Elhassan Moawia Mohamed Ali , Mohammed Mohammed Naser Eldeen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In High-income countries, many academic institutions are using E-learning during COVID 19 Pandemic. However, in limited-resource countries, like Sudan, shifting towards E-learning requires many adjustments to be made in order to make sure the E-learning is held in a proper manner, as best as possible. This study was undertaken to assess medical students’ perception towards implementing E-learning during COVID 19 Pandemic and to highlight difficulties of E-learning implementation in Sudan as an example of a limited-resource setting. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 and 25 of May 2020 among the undergraduate medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan. A predesigned online-based questionnaire was used for data collection and snowball sampling methodology was used. Results: The total numbers of 358 undergraduate medical students responded to the online survey questionnaire. The majority (87.7%) of students agreed that the closure of the university is an essential decision to control the spread of the COVID-19 infection. Approximately two-thirds (64%) of students perceived that E-learning is the best solution during COVID 19 lockdown. The level of students in the university and residence has a strong relation to students’ opinion the level of medical students (Pre-clerkship and Clerkship) and place of residence have significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) with medical students opinion regards starting the E-learning online education. Internet bandwidth and connectivity limitation, unfamiliarity with E-learning system, technical support limitation and time flexibility in case of technical problems during online exams, and Lack of face-to-face interaction were the factors considered by medical students to be against the E-learning implementation.Conclusion: Most medical students had a positive perception of E-learning. However, there are many challenges considered as an inhibitory factor for utilizing electronic technologies for medical education. We recommend that challenges of E-learning in our limited resource setting should be systematically evaluated and that effective strategies should be developed to overcome their inhibitory effects.