bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the evidence of intimate partner violence among women living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Meskele Mengistu , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Taylor Myra 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesThe present study undertakes a scoping review aimed to map the evidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women living with HIV/AIDS in Africa.DesignWe used the online database to identify papers published from 1 January 2009 to 1 April 2019, from which we selected 21 articles from Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Zambia, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Tanzania and Swaziland that used IPV as an outcome variable among women living with HIV/AIDS.Data sourcesPubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO host, Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaWe included women who were aged 15 years and above, living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.Data extraction and synthesisWe conducted the abstract screening with two independent reviewers. We also performed full-text screening. We used the six methodological frameworks proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to determine the quality of the studies. We used NVIVO software V.12 to undertake a thematic analysis.ResultsOf the studies, the majority, 57.1%, reported cross-sectional results. In comparison, 23.8% examined qualitative studies, 9.5% were clinical trials, 4.8% were cohort studies and the remaining 4.8% covered grey literature. This review revealed evidence of IPV experience among women with HIV/AIDS, evidence of how HIV status disclosure influences IPV, proof of the association of sociodemographic characteristics with IPV and implications for practice. Moreover, the review revealed that following the serostatus disclosure, there is evidence of heightened risk for IPV.ConclusionsThis study found evidence of IPV among women living with HIV/AIDS. The HIV-positive women were at considerable risk of IPV after disclosure of their serostatus to a male partner. Therefore, further research is needed to promote action to reduce IPV among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and to determine healthcare workers’ IPV screening experience.
ABO blood groups and liver cancer: prospective results from an HBsAg cohort study
Authors: Lu Ling-Ling , Zhang Yong-Hui , Yao Mei-Hua , Lu Jian-Hua , Chen Yong-Sheng , Xu Jun , Zhu Jian , Chen Hai-Zhen , Chen Jian-Guo 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveThe association between ABO blood group and risk of liver cancer is unclear, although few studies have reported positive results. This study examined the relationship between ABO blood group and liver cancer in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals.DesignA high-risk population-based cohort study.SettingThe study was started in 2007 and closed in 2019; the number of observed person-years as obtained by ABO blood group.ParticipantsThe study included 3663 individuals with positive HBsAg, including men aged 30–70 and women aged 40–70.Outcome measuresThe frequencies of ABO group in the cohort population and patients with liver cancer were calculated, respectively. χ2test was used to compare differences, and the relative risk (95% CI) for development of liver cancer was evaluated.ResultsThe frequency distribution of blood types A, B, O and AB was 1118 (30.52%), 1073 (29.29%), 1104 (30.14%) and 368 (10.05%), respectively, among 3663 cohort individuals. In the cohort, patients with liver cancer (n=336) were of the following frequencies: type A: 104 (30.95%); type B: 97 (28.87%); type O: 95 (28.27%); and type AB: 40 (11.90%). No significant difference was found between patients with liver cancer and other individuals. The annual incidence rate of liver cancer was 906.34 per 100 000 person-years, and for blood type A, B, O and AB the rates were 917.76, 893.78, 846.02 and 1093.43 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The relative risk (95% CI) was 0.97 (0.74 to 1.29), 0.92 (0.70 to 1.22) and 1.19 (0.82 to 1.72) for blood types B, O and AB, respectively, compared with blood type A.ConclusionThere were no significant differences in the frequency distribution of ABO blood groups in patients with liver cancer within this high-risk cohort, which demonstrates lack of positive association between ABO blood group and risk of liver cancer.
Effectiveness of robotic-assisted therapy for upper extremity function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sung-U Sasithorn , Nisa Badur Un , Yotsumoto Kayano , Tanemura Rumi 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe application of advanced technologies in paediatric rehabilitation to improve performance and enhance everyday functioning shows considerable promise. The aims of this systematic review are to investigate the effectiveness of robotic-assisted therapy for upper extremity function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy and to extend the scope of intervention from empirical evidence.Methods and analysisMultiple databases, including MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and IEEE Xplore, will be comprehensively searched for relevant randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies. The grey literature will be accessed on the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database, and a hand search from reference lists of previous articles will be performed. The papers written in English language will be considered, with no limitation on publication date. Two independent reviewers will identify eligible studies, evaluate the level of evidence (the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) and appraise methodological quality and risk of bias (the Standard quality assessment criteria for evaluating primary research papers from a variety of fields (QualSyst tool); the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Data will be appropriately extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. A narrative synthesis will be provided to summarise the results, and a meta-analysis will be conducted if there is sufficient homogeneity across outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020205818.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study. The findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed journal and international conferences.
Prescription medications for sleep disturbances among midlife women during 2 years of follow-up: a SWAN retrospective cohort study
Authors: Solomon Daniel H , Ruppert Kristine , Habel Laurel A , Finkelstein Joel S , Lian Pam , Joffe Hadine , Kravitz Howard M 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of prescription sleep medications on patient-reported sleep disturbances.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingLongitudinal cohort of community-dwelling women in the USA.ParticipantsRacially and ethnically diverse middle-aged women who reported a sleep disturbance.InterventionsNew users of prescription sleep medications propensity score matched to women not starting sleep medications.Main outcomes and measuresSelf-reported sleep disturbance during the previous 2 weeks—difficulty initiating sleep, waking frequently and early morning awakening—using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from no difficulty on any night (rating 1) to difficulty on 5 or more nights a week (rating 5). Sleep disturbances were compared at 1 year (primary outcome) and 2 years of follow-up.Results238 women who started sleep medications were matched with 447 non-users. Participants had a mean age of 49.5 years and approximately half were white. At baseline, sleep disturbance ratings were similar: medication users had a mean score for difficulty initiating sleep of 2.7 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.9), waking frequently 3.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 3.9) and early morning awakening 2.8 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.0); non-users ratings were 2.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.7), 3.7 (95% CI 3.6 to 3.9) and 2.7 (95% CI 2.6 to 2.8), respectively. After 1 year, ratings for medication users were 2.6 (95% CI 2.4 to 2.8) for initiating sleep, 3.6 (95% CI 3.4 to 3.8) for waking frequently and 2.8 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.0) for early morning awakening; for non-users, the mean ratings were 2.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.5), 3.5 (95% CI 3.3 to 3.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.6), respectively. None of the 1 year changes were statistically significant nor were they different between medication users and non-users. Two-year follow-up results were consistent, without statistically significant reductions in sleep disturbance in medication users compared with non-users.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that women who initiated sleep medications rated their sleep disturbances similar after 1 and 2 years. The effectiveness of long-term sleep medication use should be re-examined.
Response to the Respondents: Competition, Qumran and Supersessionism
Authors: Marcus Joel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The critics of JBHT in this issue have questioned three main aspects of the book: its assertion that early Christians competed with people who believed that John the Baptist was the principal figure in the history of salvation, its assertion that early in his career the Baptist was a member of the Qumran community, and the way in which the book situates the Baptist in relation to Second Temple Judaism in general. The article addresses these concerns, rebutting certain objections but acknowledging areas in which the book could have been more nuanced or further developed.
The Concept of Isēgoria
Authors: Gottesman Alex 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the concept of isēgoria. It looks especially at Herodotus, comparing his use of the term to that of other authors. The term does not primarily refer to ‘the equal right to speak in the assembly’. Rather, it is a ‘language ideology’ that characterizes the bearing of the free, full citizen. Isēgoria was a negative concept, defined by what it was not more than what it was: not flattery; not fearful; not indirect. Isēgoria could only exist in a community of complete equality, and was threatened when someone became too powerful or too important. It can best be translated as ‘the speech of equals before equals’.
Is Protagoras’ Great Speech on Democracy?
Authors: Kierstead James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Great Speech of Protagoras in Plato’s dialogue (Prot. 320c8–328d2) is now widely seen as an expression of democratic theory, one of the earliest substantial expressions of democratic theory on record. At the same time, there have long been (and still are) arguments to the contrary, the most formidable presentation of which is an article by Peter Nicholson that appeared in these pages in 1981. In this short piece, I address Nicholson’s skeptical arguments head-on and in full, in a way that has not yet been done. By doing so, I hope to put skeptical arguments of this sort to rest, and to confirm Protagoras’ Great Speech once and for all as an early, and very interesting, fragment of democratic theory.
Homer Revised? Echoes of the Behemoth in the Hobbesian Translations of the Iliad and Odyssey
Authors: Catanzaro Andrea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By moving on from the findings of literature concerning the connections between the Leviathan and the Hobbesian translations of the Homeric poems, this article aims to problematize these relationships further with regard to the Behemoth. Three principal issues will be taken into account – the prophecy, the ruling over the Militia, and the mixed monarchy – given that, although themes typical of the philosopher’s political thought, their peculiarities in the Behemoth enable us to draw attention to possible significant political connections between Hobbes’s translations of the Iliad and Odyssey and his narrative of the English Civil War.
Dynamic responses of renal oxygenation at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep and man
Authors: Evans Roger G , Cochrane Andrew D , Hood Sally G , Iguchi Naoya , Marino Bruno , Bellomo Rinaldo , McCall Peter R , Okazaki Nobuki , Smith Julian A , Zhu Michael ZL , Ngo Jennifer P , Noe Khin M , Martin Andrew , Thrift Amanda G , Lankadeva Yugeesh R , May Clive N 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The renal medulla is susceptible to hypoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which may contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. But the speed of onset of renal medullary hypoxia remains unknown. Methods: We continuously measured renal medullary oxygen tension (MPO2) in 24 sheep, and urinary PO2 (UPO2) as an index of MPO2 in 92 patients, before and after induction of CPB. Results: In laterally recumbent sheep with a right thoracotomy ( n = 20), even before CPB commenced MPO2 fell from (mean ± SEM) 52 ± 4 to 41 ±5 mmHg simultaneously with reduced arterial pressure (from 108 ± 5 to 88 ± 5 mmHg). In dorsally recumbent sheep with a medial sternotomy ( n = 4), MPO2 was even more severely reduced (to 12 ± 12 mmHg) before CPB. In laterally recumbent sheep in which a crystalloid prime was used ( n = 7), after commencing CPB, MPO2 fell abruptly to 24 ±6 mmHg within 20–30 minutes. MPO2 during CPB was not improved by adding donor blood to the prime ( n = 13). In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, UPO2 fell by 4 ± 1 mmHg and mean arterial pressure fell by 7 ± 1 mmHg during the 30 minutes before CPB. UPO2 then fell by a further 12 ± 2 mmHg during the first 30 minutes of CPB but remained relatively stable for the remaining 24 minutes of observation. Conclusions: Renal medullary hypoxia is an early event during CPB. It starts to develop even before CPB, presumably due to a pressure-dependent decrease in renal blood flow. Medullary hypoxia during CPB appears to be promoted by hypotension and is not ameliorated by increasing blood hemoglobin concentration.
Serum GFAP for stroke diagnosis in regions with limited access to brain imaging (BE FAST India)
Authors: Kalra Love-Preet , Khatter Himani , Ramanathan Sarvotham , Sapehia Sameer , Devi Kavita , Kaliyaperumal Abirami , Bal Deepti , Sebastian Ivy , Kakarla Raviteja , Singhania Anusha , Rathore Shubhra , Klinsing Svenja , Pandian Jeyaraj Durai , Foerch Christian 
Published: May 2021

Introduction Despite a high burden of stroke, access to rapid brain imaging is limited in many middle- and low-income countries. Previous studies have described the astroglial protein GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) as a biomarker of intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of GFAP for ruling out intracranial hemorrhage in a prospective cohort of Indian stroke patients. Patients and methods This study was conducted in an Indian tertiary hospital (Christian Medical College, Ludhiana). Patients with symptoms suggestive of acute stroke admitted within 12 h of symptom onset were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission. Single Molecule Array technology was used for determining serum GFAP concentrations. Results A total number of 155 patients were included (70 intracranial hemorrhage, 75 ischemic stroke, 10 stroke mimics). GFAP serum concentrations were elevated in intracranial hemorrhage patients compared to ischemic stroke patients [median (interquartile range) 2.36 µg/L (0.61–7.16) vs. 0.18 µg/L (0.11–0.38), p < 0.001]. Stroke mimics patients had a median GFAP serum level of 0.14 µg/L (0.09–0.26). GFAP values below the cut-off of 0.33 µg/L (area under the curve 0.871) ruled out intracranial hemorrhage with a negative predictive value of 89.7%, (at a sensitivity for detecting intracranial hemorrhage of 90.0%). Discussion The high negative predictive value of a GFAP test system allows ruling out patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusion In settings where immediate brain imaging is not available, this would enable to implement secondary prevention (e.g., aspirin) in suspected ischemic stroke patients as soon as possible.
Kernowite, Cu2Fe(AsO4)(OH)4⋅4H2O, the Fe3+-analogue of liroconite from Cornwall, UK
Authors: Rumsey Michael S. , Welch Mark D. , Spratt John , Kleppe Annette K. , Števko Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The occurrence, chemical composition and structural characterisation of the new mineral kernowite, ideally Cu2Fe(AsO4)(OH)4⋅4H2O, the Fe3+-analogue of liroconite, Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4⋅4H2O, are described. Kernowite (IMA2020-053) occurs on specimens probably sourced from the Wheal Gorland mine, St Day, Cornwall, UK, in the cavities of a quartz-gossan rich in undifferentiated micro-crystalline grey sulfides and poorly crystalline arsenic phases including both pharmacosiderite and olivenite-group minerals. The average composition of kernowite determined from several holotype fragments by electron microprobe analysis is Cu1.88(Fe0.79Al0.09)Σ0.88(As1.12O4)(OH)4⋅3.65H2O. The structure of kernowite has been determined in monoclinic space group I2/a (a non-standard setting of C2/c) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) to R1 = 0.025, wR2 = 0.051 and Goodness-of-fit = 1.112. Unit-cell parameters from SCXRD are a = 12.9243(4) Å, b = 7.5401(3) Å, c = 10.0271(3) Å, β = 91.267(3)°, V = 976.91(6) Å3 and Z = 4. The chemical formula of this crystal indicated by SCXRD from refined site-scattering is Cu2(Fe3+0.84(1)Al0.16)AsO4(OH)4⋅4H2O. The network of hydrogen bonding has been determined and is similar to that reported for liroconite from Wheal Gorland by Plumhoff et al. (2020).
A comprehensive RNA-Seq-based gene expression atlas of the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) provides insights into fruit morphology and ripening mechanisms
Authors: Xanthopoulou Aliki , Montero-Pau Javier , Picó Belén , Boumpas Panagiotis , Tsaliki Eleni , Paris Harry S. , Tsaftaris Athanasios , Kalivas Apostolos , Mellidou Ifigeneia , Ganopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo: Cucurbitaceae) are a popular horticultural crop for which there is insufficient genomic and transcriptomic information. Gene expression atlases are crucial for the identification of genes expressed in different tissues at various plant developmental stages. Here, we present the first comprehensive gene expression atlas for a summer squash cultivar, including transcripts obtained from seeds, shoots, leaf stem, young and developed leaves, male and female flowers, fruits of seven developmental stages, as well as primary and lateral roots.

Results
In total, 27,868 genes and 2352 novel transcripts were annotated from these 16 tissues, with over 18,000 genes common to all tissue groups. Of these, 3812 were identified as housekeeping genes, half of which assigned to known gene ontologies. Flowers, seeds, and young fruits had the largest number of specific genes, whilst intermediate-age fruits the fewest. There also were genes that were differentially expressed in the various tissues, the male flower being the tissue with the most differentially expressed genes in pair-wise comparisons with the remaining tissues, and the leaf stem the least. The largest expression change during fruit development was early on, from female flower to fruit two days after pollination. A weighted correlation network analysis performed on the global gene expression dataset assigned 25,413 genes to 24 coexpression groups, and some of these groups exhibited strong tissue specificity.

Conclusions
These findings enrich our understanding about the transcriptomic events associated with summer squash development and ripening. This comprehensive gene expression atlas is expected not only to provide a global view of gene expression patterns in all major tissues in C. pepo but to also serve as a valuable resource for functional genomics and gene discovery in Cucurbitaceae.
The frequency and quality of delirium documentation in discharge summaries
Authors: Chuen Victoria L , Chan Adrian C.H , Ma Jin , Alibhai Shabbir M.H , Chau Vicky 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends documenting all delirium episodes in the discharge summary using the term “delirium”. Previous studies demonstrate poor delirium documentation rates in discharge summaries and no studies have assessed delirium documentation quality. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and quality of delirium documentation in discharge summaries and explore differences between medical and surgical services.

Methods
This was a multi-center retrospective chart review. We included 110 patients aged ≥ 65 years identified to have delirium during their hospitalization using the Chart-based Delirium Identification Instrument (CHART-DEL). We assessed the frequency of any delirium documentation in discharge summaries, and more specifically, for the term “delirium”. We evaluated the quality of delirium discharge documentation using the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization’s framework for quality discharge summaries. Comparisons were made between medical and surgical services. Secondary outcomes included assessing factors influencing the frequency of “delirium” being documented in the discharge summary.

Results
We identified 110 patients with sufficient chart documentation to identify delirium and 80.9 % of patients had delirium documented in their discharge summary (“delirium” or other acceptable term). The specific term “delirium” was reported in 63.6 % of all delirious patients and more often by surgical than medical specialties (76.5 % vs. 52.5 %, p = 0.02). Documentation quality was significantly lower by surgical specialties in reporting delirium as a diagnosis (23.5 % vs. 57.6 %, p < 0.001), documenting delirium workup (23.4 % vs. 57.6 %, p = 0.001), etiology (43.3 % vs. 70.4 %, p = 0.03), treatment (36.7 % vs. 66.7 %, p = 0.02), medication changes (44.4 % vs. 100 %, p = 0.002) and follow-up (36.4 % vs. 88.2 %, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The frequency of delirium documentation is higher than previously reported but remains subpar. Medical services document delirium with higher quality, but surgical specialties document the term “delirium” more frequently. The documentation of delirium in discharge summaries must improve to meet quality standards.