bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Safety of 1,055 Transjugular Liver Biopsies in Postliver Transplant Patients
Authors: Lee Edward Wolfgang , Sue Megan J. , Saab Sammy , DiNorcia Joseph , McWilliams Justin P. , Kaldas Fady , Ding Peng-xu , Padia Siddharth A. , Agopian Vatche , Farmer Douglas , Busuttil Ronald W. 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of complications and diagnostic yield of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) in deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) recipients.

METHODS:
From January 2009 to December 2019, 1,055 TJLBs were performed in 603 adult DDLT recipients with a mean age of 54 (±12 years). Data were retrospectively reviewed to determine the diagnostic efficacy and incidence of major and minor complications in the 3-day and 1-month period after TJLB. In addition, data were stratified according to platelet count and international normalized ratio to determine the safety of TJLB in patients with varying degrees of coagulopathy.

RESULTS:
TJLB yielded diagnostic rate of 98.1% (1,035/1,055), with an overall complication rate of 8.3% (88/1,055). Major complications accounted for 0.85% (9/1,055), and minor complications occurred in 7.48% (79/1,055). When patients were stratified by platelet count (0–50, 51–100, 101–200, 201–300, and >300 × 103 platelets/μL), no significant difference was noted in complication rates (9.5%, 8.6%, 7.6%, 8.5%, and 10.7%, respectively). When grouped by international normalized ratio (0–1, 1.1–2.0, 2.1–3.0, and >3.0), there was no statistical difference in complication rates (8.3%, 8.5%, 7.7%, and 0%, respectively).

DISCUSSION:
TJLB is a safe, adequate, and effective method to investigate hepatic disorders in DDLT recipients with severe coagulopathy.
El laboratorio en el diagnóstico multidisciplinar del desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD)
Authors: Granada Maria Luisa , Audí Laura 
Published: May 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
El desarrollo sexual anómalo o diferente (DSD) con cariotipo 46,XY incluye anomalías en el desarrollo gonadal y/o genital (externo y/o interno).

Contenido
Los marcadores bioquímicos útiles para el diagnóstico diferencial de los DSD con cariotipo 46,XY incluyen las hormonas del eje hipotálamo-hipófiso gonadal como son las gonadotropinas LH y FSH (en condiciones basales o tras la estimulación con LHRH), la hormona anti-Mülleriana, la inhibina B, el factor insulinoide tipo 3 y las hormonas esteroideas de origen suprarrenal (se incluirá la hormona hipofisaria ACTH) y testicular (cortisol, aldosterona y sus precursores, testosterona y sus precursores, dihidrotestosterona y estradiol). Las hormonas esteroideas se analizarán en condiciones basales o tras la estimulación con ACTH (hormonas adrenales) y/o con HCG (hormonas testiculares). Los patrones de variación de las distintas hormonas dependerán de la causa y la edad de cada paciente. El diagnóstico molecular debe incluir el análisis de un gen candidato, un panel de genes o el análisis de un exoma completo.

Perspectivas
El diagnóstico diferencial de los DSD con cariotipos 46,XX ó 46,XY debe ser multidisciplinar, incluyendo los antecedentes clínicos, morfológicos, de imagen, bioquímicos y genéticos. Se han elaborado numerosos algoritmos diagnósticos.
Employment Rank and the Choice of Health Insurance Benefit Scheme among Bangladeshi Civil Servants
Authors: Hamid Syed Abdul , Begum Afroza , Ahsan Syed M , Howlader Sushil Ranjan , Uddin Azhar , Rahman Taslima , Rahman Md. Hafizur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study surveys 622 Bangladeshi civil servants of all administrative jurisdictions and elicits their preference for health insurance schemes. The latter vary in the amount of sum assured as well as in terms of premium sharing rules with the government. The paper also explores the financial burden that the premium subsidy may impose on the exchequer and the state’s fiscal capacity to shoulder it. We discover a very high willingness to join the scheme. Though all three premium-sharing options posit flat rates common for all employment ranks, respondents appear to prefer premiums proportional to their basic salary.
Influence of l-quebrachitol on the properties of centrifuged natural rubber
Authors: Hu Benxiang , Zhou Yuanbing , Luo Ming-Chao , Wei Yan-Chan , Liu Gui-Xiang , Liao Shuangquan , Zhao Yanfang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nonrubber components (NRCs) play an important role in the outstanding mechanical property of natural rubber (NR). The main inositol component of NRCs in natural rubber latex (NRL) is l-quebrachitol. In this study, the influence of l-quebrachitol on the properties of centrifuged natural rubber (CNR) was investigated. The NRL was centrifuged twice to remove most of the NRCs. After that, l-quebrachitol was added in the latex with per hundreds of rubber (phr) vary from 0% to 0.8%, and the vulcanized CNR were prepared. It is shown that the properties of vulcanized CNR were greatly changed, with T
90 reduced from 19 to 15 min, the tensile strength increased from 5 to 9 MPa, T
g reduced by about 2°C, and the ability for strain-induced crystallization was enhanced. It was proved by FTIR results that l-quebrachitol was linked to the CNR crosslinking network with ester bond.
Allium jesdianum hydro alcoholic extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) gene expression in diabetic rats with streptozotocin
Authors: Alaee Mona , Amri Jamal , Karami Hadi , Latifi Seyed Amirhossein , Salemi Zahra , Salehi Mehdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes, the use of medicinal plants is increasing due to fewer side effects. This study was designed to examine antidiabetic effects of Allium jesdianum (A. jesdianum) ethanolic extract and evaluate its effects on oxidative stress markers and the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) genes in the kidney of type 1 diabetic rats.

Methods
In this study, we randomly divided 24 rats into four groups with six rats in each group as follows: Cnt group: normal control receiving normal saline, Dibt group: diabetic control receiving normal saline daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 250 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 250 mg/kg bw daily, Dibt + A. jesdianum 500 group: diabetic rats receiving A. jesdianum at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw daily. To induce diabetes, we used 55 mg/kg bw dose of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The concentration of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum urea, creatinine and albumin, SOD, MDA (using spectrophotometric methods) and gene expression of CTGF and RAGE in kidney tissue (using real-time PCR methods) were quantified in the diabetic rats that received A. jesdianum for 42 days, and were compared to control rats.

Results
The results showed that in the diabetic group the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and expression of kidney CTGF and RAGE genes and the levels of SOD and MDA significantly increased and serum albumin significantly decreased compared to the Cnt group (p<0.001). Administration of A. jesdianum significantly improved the FBG and serum urea, creatinine and albumin compared to Dibt group (p<0.05). It was shown the A. jesdianum significantly decrease the kidney expression levels of CTGF and RAGE genes and improve oxidative stress (increased SOD and decreased MDA) in the kidney tissues when compared to Dibt group (p<0.001). Also, it was found that the beneficial effects of the A. jesdianum were dose-dependent.

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that administration of A. jesdianum for 42 days has beneficial anti-diabetic and anti-nephropathic effects in diabetic rats and can be used as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diabetes.
Complementary role of p57kip2 immunostaining in diagnosing hydatidiform mole subtypes
Authors: Zainal Nurzaireena , Kampan Nirmala Chandralega , Rose Isa M. , Ghazali Razmin , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir , Yussoff Noor Haliza , Tamil Azmi , Jamil Muhammad Abdul , Hussin Noor Hamidah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Gestational trophoblastic disease comprises of a spectrum of pregnancy-related tumours which includes complete (CHM) and partial hydatidiform moles (PHM). Accurate diagnosis and subclassification of HM subtypes are crucial as prognosis differs. Histopathological examination using haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining remains the basis for diagnosing HM, with only 80% accuracy. p57kip2 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) protein and is strongly paternally imprinted, being expressed from maternal allele. Therefore, complete mole (CHM) with only paternal genome has nearly absent expression of p57kip2 compared to partial mole (PHM) having both paternal and maternal genomes. This study is aimed to determine usefulness of p57kip2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in the diagnosis of HM subtypes.

Methods
A total of 82 archived paraffin embedded HM tissues with subtypes classified based on H&E staining – 39 (47.5%) CHM, 41 (50.0%) PHM and two (2.43%) unclassified molar pregnancy were retrieved. All tissue samples were subjected for p57kip2 IHC analysis and HM subtypes were then reclassified.

Results
A total of 66 cases (80.5%) were re-classified as CHM, 14 cases (17.1%) as PHM and two cases (2.4%) were decidual and cystic tissues. Analysis using p57kip2 immunostaining showed a diagnostic discrepancy of 33.0% from routine H&E staining and helps to improve the characterisation of the HM subtypes specifically at early gestations which have less distinctive morphologies.

Conclusions
IHC using p57kip2 monoclonal antibody should be considered as a routine ancillary test to H&E in improving the diagnosis of HM subtypes particularly in developing countries with limited resources.
A novel swarm intelligence assisted Euclidean distance based single detection index approach in transmission line relaying for fast decision making
Authors: Chinta Durga Prasad , Biswal Monalisa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Intelligent threshold value improves the speed and accuracy of any fault detector unit. But in the literature, any such traditional threshold selection mechanism is not available to implant in the fault detector unit of protective relay. This paper introduces a swarm intelligence-based threshold setting mechanism for fault detector. In this context, the Euclidean distance approach (EDA) with a single detection index is used for transmission network protection. The detection index function is formulated with fault parameters on a priority base. Further, the modified particle swarm optimization technique with adaptive inertia strategy is used to identify the optimal threshold value of detection index function. With swarm intelligence based optimal threshold, numerous cases are investigated on a test power system and obtained results show the efficacy of the method.
Exploring ESOL teachers’ perspectives on the language learning experiences, challenges, and motivations of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK
Authors: Chamorro Gloria , Garrido-Hornos María del Carmen , Vázquez-Amador María 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of ESOL teachers on the language learning experiences, challenges, and motivations that refugees and asylum seekers have when they learn the language of the host country. This information was collected using an online questionnaire, which was completed by 72 teachers from different institutions throughout the UK teaching English to refugees and asylum seekers. The results revealed teachers’ perspectives on the main language learning challenges (e.g. lack of first language literacy) and motivations (e.g. accessing education/jobs) experienced by these learners, as well as the main challenges faced (e.g. lack of equipment) and techniques used (e.g. tailored materials/methods) by our respondents. The present paper presents these findings and any correlations found between the teachers’ responses and their background or their students’ profile, and discusses some implications for language teachers, teacher educators, and policy makers to support refugee students’ language learning more successfully.
A review on the concept of aging in Ayurveda literature
Authors: Yamuna Sisupalan Aswathy , Changuli Krishna Bhat Prathibha , Soman Devipriya , Puthanmadom Venkatraramana Sharma Anandaraman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Various aspects of aging in Ayurveda literature has been explored and correlated it with modern biological understanding.

Content
The concept of longevity is better understood upon the baseline understanding of Aging ie. Jara. Manda Jara or Ajara is synonymous with longevity. Vriddhavastha/Jirnavastha/Jara (old age) is the period after 60 or 70 years of age. This stage of life becomes very crucial as degenerative changes occur in the body. Deterioration occurs to Dhatus, Indriya (perception power), Bala (strength), Virya (potency), Utsaha (enthusiasm), Paurusha (masculinity), Parakrama (valour), Grahana (reception), Dharana (retention), Smarana (memory), Vachana (speech). Brihatrayis and Laghutrayis were reviewed to analyze the various aspects of Ayu and Jara and correlated with research papers establishing the concept of aging in terms of evidence-based technological advancements. Databases like PubMed, Scopus were searched using keywords like Jara, Ayu Lakshana, Aging, Old age, Senescence, biomarkers, DNA, blood biochemistry, proteomics, genomics, microbiota, microbiome, androgen, estrogen, lipolysis, peripheral blood monocytes, collagen, cognitive function; with the help of Boolean operators.

Summary
Various aspects of Jara in Ayurveda have been analyzed by taking ample references from evidence-based technological advancements related to the physiology of aging. The indicators of biological aging based on recent researches like genomic irregularities, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, altered protein expression, immunological markers, oxidative stress, pathological microbiota profile, telomere shortening in peripheral blood monocytes, lipolysis, and many other factors have been put forward for basic evidence in relation with Jara Lakshana.

Outlook
Understanding the physiology of aging will give the insight to manage the elderly. So, the need of the hour is to develop strategies or to conduct more researches which prevent senile disorders and thus increase the health span for the future generation.
Compensatory depression of arterial pressure and reversal of ECG abnormalities by Annona muricata and Curcuma longa in hypertensive Wistar rats
Authors: Oridupa Olayinka Ayotunde , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Adejumobi Olumuyiwa , Falade Folusho Bolawaye , Obisesan Ayobami Deborah , Abegunde Bukola Adedayo , Ekwem Precious Chima , Adegboye Victor Oluwaseun , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Increasing hypertension incidence in Sub-Sahara Africa and the current cost of management of the metabolic disorder has necessitated research on medicinal plants employed in African Traditional Medicine for hypertension. Thus, this study evaluated antihypertensive effect of Annona muricata leaves or Curcuma longa rhizomes in experimentally-induced hypertensive male Wistar rats (n=70) which were unilaterally nephrectomized and daily loaded with 1% salt. Cardiovascular and haematological changes, as well as urinalysis were determined.

Methods
Rats were uninephrectomized and NaCl (1%) included in drinking water for 42 days. Extract-treated hypertensive rats were compared to normotensive, untreated hypertensive and hypertensive rats treated with lisinopril (5 mg/70 kg) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/70 kg). A. muricata extract or C. longa extract were administered at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg. Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial) and electrocardiogram was measured on day 41. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected from day 42. Blood samples were collected on day 43 for haematology (PCV, red cell indices, WBC and its differentials, and platelets).

Results

A. muricata or C. longa extracts caused a decline in elevated blood pressure of hypertensive rats. Heart rate and QT segment reduction coupled with prolonged QRS duration were reversed in extract-treated rats, with significant increases in hemogram parameters indicating increased blood viscosity. Also, leukocyturia, proteinuria and ketonuria with increased urine alkalinity, urobilinogen and specific gravity which are classical indicators of poor prognostic outcomes in hypertension were reversed in extract-treated rats.

Conclusions
In conclusion, A. muricata and C. longa have cardioprotective effect with reversal of derangements in haemogram and urinalysis associated with hypertension.
40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) for undersea wireless optical communication
Authors: Rashid Md. Harun Ar , Sikder Subrata , Sadik Kazi Farhan , Newaz S.H. Shah , Jayner Kazi Towfiqul Islam , Hossain Md. Mahbub , Ahsan Md. Shamim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the design and simulation of a long range four-channel wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) operating at 40 Gb/s (4 × 10 Gb/s) in downstream transmission for undersea wireless optical communication. The proposed model consists of two separate subsections between the optical transmitter and receiver. The first subsection consists of the central office and 50 km long feeder fiber for transmitting the optical signal from a distant base station to the 1 × 4 optical demultiplexer located at the sea shore. The second subsection comprises 500 m distributed fiber from the 1 × 4 optical demultiplexer to the terminal point placed at the bottom of the sea and 15–20 m optical wireless channel inside sea water. Simulation results confirmed successful transmission of optical signals from the 50 km distant optical transmitter to the optical receiver located maximum 15 m inside the sea water with a signal-to-noise ratio of ∼20.96 dB, bit error rate of ∼1.55 × 10−8, and quality factor of ∼5.584. The eye diagram at the receiving end also exemplifies quality downstream data transmission at a rate of 10 Gb/s per channel. In addition, we compare the simulation results of the four-channel 40 Gb/s WDM-PON system with a four-channel WDM-PON system operating at 4 Gb/s (4 × 1 Gb/s). Simulation results confirm maximum reach of 17.5 m inside sea water at a cost of significant reduction in data rate. Furthermore, we analyze the system availability of the proposed WDM-PONs and find convincing results for high-speed secured data transmission under water.
The contemporary value of dedicated preterm birth clinics for high-risk singleton pregnancies: 15-year outcomes from a leading maternal centre
Authors: Jin Wallace , Hughes Kelly , Sim Shirlene , Shemer Scott , Sheehan Penelope 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Preterm birth clinics provide dedicated obstetric care to women at high risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). There remains a lack of conclusive evidence to support the overall utility of such clinics, attributable to a paucity and heterogeneity of primary data. This study audits Australia’s largest and oldest dedicated preterm birth clinic with the aim to add primary data to the area and offer opportunities for similar clinics to align practice.

Methods
A retrospective audit of referrals to the Preterm Labour Clinic at the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, between 2004 and 2018 was conducted. 1,405 singleton pregnancies met inclusion criteria. The clinic’s key outcomes, demographics, predictive tests and interventions were analysed. The primary outcomes were SPTB before 37, 34 and 30 weeks’ gestation.

Results
The overall incidence of SPTB in the clinic was 21.2% (n=294). Linear regression showed reductions in the adjusted rates of overall SPTB and pre-viable SPTB (delivery <24 weeks) from 2004 (108%; 8%) to 2018 (65%; 2% respectively). Neonatal morbidity and post-delivery intensive care admission concurrently declined (p=0.02; 0.006 respectively). Rates of short cervix (cervical length <25 mm) increased over time (2018: 30.9%) with greater uptake of vaginal progesterone for treatment. Fetal fibronectin, mid-trimester short cervix, and serum alkaline phosphatase were associated with SPTB on logistic regression.

Conclusions
Dedicated preterm birth clinics can reduce rates of SPTB, particularly deliveries before 24 weeks’ gestation, and improve short-term neonatal outcomes in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth.
Preparedness of Nigerian University Libraries for the Acquisition and Management of Digital Records
Authors: Asogwa Brendan , Ali Adizetu , Onoh Chioma , Asogwa Martha , Ngwuchukwu Margaret , Igbokwe Josephine , Ezeani Chinwe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper assessed the extent to which federal university libraries in Nigeria have prepared for management of their records in electronic format. Specifically it investigated the extent to which university libraries have provided ICT infrastructures for digital records, made institutional plans for e-records management, and enacted policies that guide e-records management, among other areas. Survey research design was used. The instruments for data collection were questionnaire, observation checklist, and oral interviews. The population of the study was 84 librarians drawn randomly from 18 federal university libraries in Nigeria. Data was analyzed using mean scores and simple percentages. The criterion of judgment was that if the mean value of any item of the research instruments scored 2.50+ and above, it was rated high; if otherwise, it was considered low. The study found that ICT facilities were available in all the libraries, but the state of preparedness for their utilization for e-records management was low. Inadequate funding, intermittent electricity supply, absence of e-records management policy, etc. were the major factors hindering preparedness for e-records management. Adequate budgetary provision, increasing power supply, and enactment of digital records management policy were among the recommendations made. With regards to practical implications, federal university libraries may not steadily use their e-records in a networked/connected environment. These records may become inaccessible over time. This study was the first to investigate extensively on the state of preparedness of Nigerian university libraries for digital records management.