bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASMĀ' AL-A'DĀD WA KINĀYĀTUHA FĪ AL-QUR'AN AL-KARĪM (DIRĀSAH TAHLĪLIYYAH NAHWIYYAH)
Authors: Mahmudah Rezeka Ma'rifatul 
Published: November 2021

In the types of words there is a chapter on numerals and their kinayah. It is widely used in Arabic, either in conversation or in Arabic texts. The purpose in this research is to describe the number words and their kinayah, as well as the form of the number word phrase and the position of the number word and its kinayah in the verse of the holy Quran. The type in this research is library research with a content analysis design (adapted from Krippendorf) because it is based on the data sources in this study in the form of documents. The primary data in this study was the holy Quran and the secondary data in this study were taken from books related to the research. And the results of this study, 1. Quantity of number word 37 words in the Quran 2. Quantity of kinayah number in the Quran 4 words 3. Quantity of position number 17 verse in the Quran 4. Quantity of position kinayah number 6 verse in the Quran.
The Plea Bargaining System as a Criminalization Model Under the Law Number 19 Year of 2016 on Electronic Information and Transaction Act and the Dignified Justice
Authors: Wardana Rinto 
Published: November 2021

<p>From the perspective of economic analysis of law theory, the increasing number of criminal convictions would indicate that the Indonesian criminal Code and regulations have not been effective in reducing the rate of crimes. By combining a preliminary hearing, hearing of cases through a special route and the application of the principle of bargaining for sentence in the plea bargaining system, a new mechanism may be formulated in the Indonesia criminal justice proceedings. This criminal justice approach employs the dignified justice principle (<em>teori keadilan bermartabat</em>) approach, whereby, the trial of cases using a preliminary hearing as a special route under a sole judge that is intended for an accused who pleads guilty and bargains for a sentence. Accordingly, this research attempts to explore the use of the principles of the plea bargaining system as a criminal justice model under the Law Number 19 year of 2016 on the Electronic Information and Transaction Act (“EIT Act”). Equally important, this research employs the juridical-normative method, statute, case, and conceptual approaches in order to obtain a comprehensive result. </p>
Strengthening the Law on the Construction of High-rise Building That is Beneficial to Support National Development
Authors: Tanuhendrata Michael Sofian , Irawati Jovita , Budi Henry Soelistyo 
Published: November 2021

<p><span lang="EN-US">The number of high-rise buildings in the big cities of Indonesia is increasing along with land being more limited and its prices being very high. Most of these high-rise buildings are in Jakarta and some of them are facing the risk of building failure that may cause business and operation interruption. These buildings that have been erected and operating need to receive regular maintenance and supervision to ensure the building's condition and safety. Many building owners and managers do not conduct and plan maintenance and supervision properly causing these buildings of being at risk of fire and building structure – mechanical failure / damage. For this reason, rigorous regulations, and its enforcement in building construction and maintenance are needed to ensure that these buildings operate reliably and encourage building owners and facility manager to comply with them properly. Cultivated Penalty and strict sanctions need to be renewed and must be implemented properly by Government bodies and local authority. Building Audit Institute can be formed to assist the central government and local governments (Governor) in carrying out their functions to ensure the safety and security of buildings, including their users. Strengthening existing laws and regulations will greatly assist in law enforcement and certainty for owners, building managers and building users, which in turn will support national development.</span></p>
Prescription Drugs Price Setting and Generic Drugs Prescription concerning Consumer Protection Law in Indonesia
Authors: Jatemin Jenny , Irawati Jovita 
Published: November 2021

<p>Health is one of the most important human rights in human life. Access to affordable prescription drugs is still a problem for people with out-of-pocket expenses. Generic prescription drugs that are much cheaper than non-generic drugs are still low, especially in non-government healthcare facilities. This research aims to provide suggestions of regulation on price control of prescription drugs and generic prescription drugs that will assure certainty and affordability for the public. The methodology is doctrinal legal research and is supported by empirical studies. The research finding consist of two things, namely the price of prescription drugs and the prescription of generic drugs. The first finding is that Highest Retail Price (HET) set by the manufacturer is potentially to be unlimited because there is no limit control. Currently, there are many drugs sold over HET with minimal supervision from the Government. The absence of law is found as the existing regulations are only for those listed in the National Formulary, while the rest have not been regulated. Therefore, the suggestion is to set ceiling prices for prescription drugs with comparison among generic drugs, branded generic drugs, and the originator; also create a refund mechanism for prices above HET to assure the consumers’ rights to get compensation under the Consumer Protection Law. The second finding is that only a few doctors prescribe generic drugs. Additionally, patients have not been involved in the treatment decisions.Therefore, the suggestion is to associate "the action of prescribing generic drugs" with the extension of doctor's license, namelythe Registration Certificate (STR); so that doctors will prescribe generic drugs without the need for close supervision due to their interests. With the increase of generic drugs’ prescription, the financing of health services, nationwide as well asindividually, can become more affordable.</p>
Nocturnal Epilepsy dan Dislokasi Sendi Bahu Anterior Bilateral Berulang
Authors: Islamiyah Wardah Rahmatul , Fatimah Ersifa , Kusumastuti Kurnia 
Published: November 2021

Pendahuluan: Penyandang epilepsi sering mengalami cedera pada saat serangan. Tipe bangkitan tonik dan kontraksi kuat dari anggota gerak pada saat serangan seringkali menyebabkan cedera otot pada sendi dan tulang, sehingga menyebabkan dislokasi dan fraktur. Kontraksi hebat pada sekelompok otot dapat menyebabkan dislokasi dan instabilitas sendi bahu. Kejadian dislokasi sendi bahu bilateral patognomonis disebabkan oleh karena kejang. Akan tetapi pada umunya bentuk dislokasi pascakejang berupa dislokasi bahu posterior bilateral. Laporan kasus berikut akan menyampaikan kejadian dislokasi sendi bahu anterior bilateral berulang pada penyandang nocturnal epilepsy. Kasus ini jarang terjadi dan diharapkan meningkatkan kewaspadaan klinisi dalam merawat penyandang epilepsi. Kasus: Laki-laki 22 tahun dikonsulkan oleh spesialis bedah orthopedi dengan diagnosis dislokasi sendi bahu anterior berulang. Pasien sudah mengalami dislokasi sebanyak empat kali dalam satu tahun terakhir. Dislokasi bahu selalu terjadi setelah serangan kejang di malam hari ketika pasien tidur. Pasien rutin mengkonsumsi obat phenytoin dengan frekuensi serangan 3 – 4 bulan sekali setiap tidur malam. Pasien menginginkan kejadian ini tidak terulang lagi. Penggantian obat antiepilepsi yang tepat dan memiliki efek samping minimal pada tulang membantu mencegah terjadinya komplikasi dislokasi seperti ini. Kesimpulan: Dislokasi sendi bahu anterior bilateral berulang merupakan bentuk cedera pascabangkitan yang jarang terjadi. Pemilihan jenis antikejang yang tepat, upaya kontrol kejang yang baik dan penatalaksanaan multidisiplin dapat membantu mencegah terjadinya komplikasi berulang pada kasus serupa.
Bimbingan Teknis RPP Bermuatan Karakter Rasa Ingin Tahu, Kreatif, dan Komunikatif Bagi Guru SMPN 1 Paramasan
Authors: Sari Mella Mutika , Pasani Chairil Faif , Yulinda Ratna 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan bimbingan dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) bermuatan karakter rasa ingin tahu, kreatif, dan komunikatif bagi guru SMPN 1 Paramasan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan hasil diskusi bersama 15 orang guru diperoleh informasi bahwa para guru belum pernah menyusun RPP bermuatan kemampuan karakter rasa ingin tahu, kreatif, dan komunikatif. Guru-guru masih dominan terfokus pada kemampuan kognitif dalam menyusun RPP. Metode Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berdasarkan pada beberapa langkah kegiatan observasi, persiapan, penyusunan panduan bimbingan teknis penyusunan RPP, pelaksanaan bimbingan teknis, dan evaluasi kegiatan. RPP yang disusun pada kegiatan ini menyesuaikan dengan kemampuan peserta didik dan kondisi lingkungan sekolah. Setelah dilakukan kegiatan bimbingan teknis (bimtek) ini, guru-guru mendapatkan informasi karakter rasa ingin tahu, kreatif dan komunikatif; guru-guru mampu mendeskripsikan indikator dari karakter rasa ingin tahu, kreatif dan komunikatif sebagai amanat dari kurikulum 2013; dan guru-guru mampu menyusun lembar penilaian karakter peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. The purpose of this activity is to provide information and guidance in preparing a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) filled with curiosity, creative, and communicative characters for teachers of SMPN 1 Paramasan. This activity was carried out based on the results of discussions with 15 teachers, it was obtained information that the teachers had never prepared lesson plans containing the character abilities of curiosity, creativity, and communicativeness. Teachers are still dominantly focused on cognitive abilities in preparing lesson plans. Methods The implementation of this activity is based on several steps of observation, preparation, preparation of technical guidance guidelines for preparing RPP, implementation of technical guidance, and evaluation of activities. The lesson plans prepared in this activity are adjusted to the abilities of students and the conditions of the school environment. After carrying out this technical guidance (bimtek) activity, teachers get information on the character of curiosity, creativity and communicativeness; teachers are able to describe indicators of the character of curiosity, creative and communicative as the mandate of the 2013 curriculum; and teachers are able to compile student character assessment sheets in the learning process.
Edukasi Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Pada Anak-anak di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Pranatami Dwimei Ayudewandari , Akmalia Hafidha Asni , Rofiah Ndzani Latifatur 
Published: November 2021

Kemunculan virus Corona yang diawali dari tahun 2020 lalu membuat semua segi kehidupan terdampak. Penerapan protokol kesehatan menjadi salah satu cara yang paling ampuh untuk menekan angka kasus covid-19 di Indonesia. Tujuan dilaksanakan edukasi pola hidup bersih dan sehat pada anak-anak adalah untuk membimbing agar anak-anak lebih sadar dan berhati-hati dalam melakukan kegiatan di tengah pandemi sebagai bentuk pencegahan terhadap virus Corona. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan edukasi terhadap anak-anak dengan metode pemberian materi, games dan praktik mencuci tangan dengan benar. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa 90% anak dapat menjawab pertanyaan dan menyusun kata terkait pola hidup bersih dan sehat sehingga anak-anak mengetahui cara cuci tangan dengan baik, memilah sampah dan menjaga perilaku hidup sehat di rumah, di lingkungan serta di sekolah. Kegiatan ini juga diharapkan dapat mendorong kesadaran masyarakat secara umum untuk menerapkan Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat demi meminimasilasi dan mencegah penularan virus Corona; membantu pemerintah dalam menggalakkan program pola hidup bersih dan sehat di masa pandemi; dan menginisiasi keberlanjutan program pola hidup bersih dan sehat di masyarakat. The emergence of the Coronavirus, which began in 2020, has affected all aspects of life. Implementing health protocols is one of the most effective ways to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The purpose of implementing clean and healthy lifestyle education for children is to guide them so that they are more aware and careful in carrying out activities during a pandemic as a form of prevention against the Coronavirus. In this activity, education was carried out for children to provide materials, games, and direct practice. After attending the education, the children become aware of washing their hands, sorting waste, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle at home, in the neighbourhood, and at school. This activity is also expected to encourage public awareness, in general, to implement a Clean and Healthy Lifestyle to minimize and prevent the transmission of the Coronavirus; assist the government in promoting the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle program during the pandemic, and initiate the sustainability of the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle program in the community.
Influence of Shear Displacement on Fluid Flow and Solute Transport in a 3D Rough Fracture
Authors: Dou Zhi , Tang Songxuan , Zhang Xueyi , Liu Richeng , Zhuang Chao , Wang Jinguo , Zhou Zhifang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fractured rocks in the subsurface are ubiquitous, and the dynamics of mass transfer in fractured rocks plays an important role in understanding the problem in engineering geology and environmental geology. In this study, the influence of shear displacement on fluid flow and solute transport in a 3D rough fracture was investigated. A 3D self-affine rough fracture was generated using the modified successive random addition (SRA) technology, and three sheared fractures with different shear displacements were constructed based on the mechanistic model. A direct numerical model based on the Navier-Stokes equation and the advection-diffusion equation was developed to solve the fluid flow and the solute transport. The results showed that shear displacement had a significant influence not only on the fluid flow but also on the solute transport. A global measure of the spatial variability of the flow velocity showed that the heterogeneity became weaker with decreasing shear displacement. All measured BTCs deviated from the Gaussian profile and exhibited the typical anomalous behaviors, such as the long tail and the early arrival. Although the best-fitted results of the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) model and mobile-immobile model (MIM) were generally consistent with those of the BTCs, the MIM was more capable than the ADE model for characterizing the shear-induced anomalous behavior of the BTCs. It was found that the mass exchange process between the immobile and mobile domains was enhanced in the sheared fractures while the fraction of the advection-dominant mobile domain decreased as the shear displacement increased. Furthermore, the deviation of the Taylor dispersion coefficient from the fitted dispersion coefficient by the ADE model and MIM in the sheared fractures was confirmed due to the influence of shear displacement.
Explaining Variance in Breastfeeding Intentions and Behaviors Among a Cohort of Midwest Mothers Using a Theory of Planned Behavior-Based Structural Model
Authors: Esquerra-Zw Anita , Goris Emilie Dykstra , Franzen Aaron 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has guided the investigation of breastfeeding since the 1980’s, incorporating the major constructs of attitudes, subjective norms/normative beliefs, perceived behavioral control, and intentions. The purpose of this research study was to define a TPB-based structural latent variable model so as to explain variance in breastfeeding intentions and behaviors among a cohort of Midwest breastfeeding mothers.
Methods

The longitudinal descriptive study utilized questionnaire data collected from a convenience sample of 100 women with low-risk pregnancies with the intention to breastfeed at three separate time points (> 30 weeks antepartum, 10 and 60 days postpartum). Data were coded and analyzed using IBM SPSS, SAS and the lavaan package in R.
Results

Participants were predominantly White (94%, n=94), married (95%, n=95), college-educated (96%, n=96), and had previous breastfeeding experience (75%, n=75). The majority gave birth vaginally (79%, n=75). Varimax analysis revealed a plurality of factors within each domain. Attempts to fit a structural model, including both hierarchical and bi-factor latent variables, failed, revealing a lack of statistical significance and poor fit statistics.
Conclusion(s):

These findings illustrate the importance of using methods that fit the phenomena explained. Contributors to poor model fit may include outdated tools lacking cultural relevance, a change in social norms, or a failure to capture the possible influence of social media and formula marketing on breastfeeding behaviors. The null finding is a significant finding, indicating the need to revisit and refine the operationalization and conceptual underpinnings of the TPB through qualitative methods such as exploring the lived experiences of breastfeeding women in the Midwest region.
Post-Acute COVID-19 Outcomes In Children Requiring Hospitalisation
Authors: Bossley Cara J , Kavaliunaite Ema , Harman Katharine , Cook James , Ruiz Gary , Gupta Atul 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 causes long term sequalae in adults. This is less well described in children. We performed clinical assessments on a large cohort of children and young people admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA swab. We assessed for symptoms of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome after 4 weeks or more. We found that most (85%) of children made a full recovery following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A small number had symptoms which lasted for more than 4 weeks, most of which had resolved at 3 months. Symptoms included dry cough, fatigue and headache. One patient suffered from anosmia. We conclude that most children and young people do not suffer from past-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and make a full recovery from infection.
Comissural inter-M1 cortico-cortical evoked potential: A proof of concept report
Authors: Lavrador Jose Pedro , Keeble Hannah , Ghimire Prajwal , Fiorini Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani Francesco , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Intraoperative neuromonitoring of motor functions experienced a dramatical revolution in the last years due to significant advances in anaesthesiology procedures and both preoperative and intraoperative mapping techniques. Asleep, awake and combined intraoperative mapping techniques were responsible for an improvement in the functional outcomes in neurosurgery providing reliable and reproducible mapping of both projection and association fibres involved in motor control. Here, we provide evidence of intraoperative mapping of commissural fibres involved in motor control in a patient with asleep technique as well as a review of the potential tracts involved in the connectivity underlying the motor function.
Effects of Magnetically Targeted Iron Oxide@Polydopamine-Labeled Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Cerebral Infarction In Mice
Authors: Yan Jun , Liu Te , Zhang Jun , Shi Bo , Zhang Fuqiang , Hou Xuejia , Zhang Xiaowen , Jiang Hongyu , Lv Huiying , Cui Wanxing , Yao Gang , Jiang Jinlan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a potential therapeutic candidate for cerebral infarction due to their anti-inflammatory proprieties. However, ensuring the engraftment of sufficient cells into the affected brain area remains a challenge. Herein, magnetic targeting techniques were used for the noninvasive transplantation of a large number of cells noninvasively. Mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery were administered mesenchymal stem cells labeled or not with iron oxide@polydopamine nanoparticles by tail vein injection. Iron oxide@polydopamine particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and labeled mesenchymal stem cells were characterized by flow cytometry and their differentiation potential was assessed in vitro . Following the systemic injection of iron oxide@polydopamine-labeled mesenchymal stem cells into permanent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced mice, magnetic navigation increased the MSCs localization to the brain lesion site and reduced the lesion volume. Treatment with iron oxide@polydopamine-labeled mesenchymal stem cells also significantly inhibited M1 microglia polarization and increased M2 microglia cell infiltration. Furthermore, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that microtubule-associated protein 2 and NeuN levels were upregulated the brain tissue of mice treated with iron oxide@polydopamine-labeled mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, iron oxide@polydopamine-labeled mesenchymal stem cells attenuated brain injury and protected neurons by preventing pro-inflammatory microglia activation. Overall, the proposed iron oxide@polydopamine-labeled mesenchymal stem cells approach may overcome the major drawback of the conventional MSCs therapy for the treatment of cerebral infarction.
Multiple Biomarker Responses in Female Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Exposed to Acetaminophen
Authors: Erhunmwunse Nosakhare Osazee , Tongo Isioma , Ezemonye Lawrence Ikechukwu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Acetaminophen is one of the most commonly detected Analgesics and pain killer drug in freshwater environments. This study evaluated the possible multi-toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (15.5, 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L) of acetaminophen in Clarias gariepinus fish exposed for 28 days using multiple biomarkers. Hepatosomatic index (HIS) and condition factor (K) of acetaminophen–exposed group were not different from the control. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased significantly at 15.5 and 35.5µg/L and Catalase (CAT) activity in all acetaminophen-exposed groups barely showed an upward trend. The concentration of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities was not different from the control. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities increased at all concentrations when compared to the control group. There were general inhibitions of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in all exposed groups including the control. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly at 25.5 and 45.5µg/L and Interluekin-6 (IL-6) showed non-significant increases in all exposed concentrations. Acetaminophen exposure caused non-significant increases in the activities of C reactive protein (CRP). White blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM counts) were significant reduced. Acetaminophen induced significant changes in hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis (17β-Estradiol and Testosterone) and vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis at 45.5µg/L. Histopathological alterations in the liver was evident of apoptotic hyperplasia, sinusoidal congestion and necrosis of the hepatocytes and was concentration dependent. Acetaminophen exposure to the fish gills enhanced the fusion and shortening of some filaments, hyperplasia of the epithelia gills cells, aneurism, congestion and epithelia rupture of the gills. Gonad examination showed acetaminophen exposure triggered the occurrence of intersex in 25.5, 35.5 and 45.5µg/L. The collaborative biomarkers used in this study showed the multiple impacts of acetaminophen on the physiology of C. gariepinus. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that fish in the control groups exhibited a distinctly response from the acetaminophen-exposed fish and that over 95% of the biomarkers significantly contribute to discriminate between the acetaminophen-exposed fish and the control group. Our research provides evidence supporting the use of multiple-biomarker approach to evaluate the health status of C. gariepinus in future studies.