bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculated cyclotron-based scandium-47 production yields via 48Ca(p, 2n)47Sc nuclear reaction
Authors: Wibowo F A , Kambali I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scandium-47 is a promising particle emitter that has been suggested as a candidate for radiotheranostics. Thus, better understanding of optimum irradiation parameters, radioactivity yields and possible impurities during its production is of paramount importance. The theoretical calculation of the end-of-bombardment (EOB) results is performed using Microsoft Excel following the calculation of the excitation function obtained from the TALYS software and the stopping power obtained from the SRIM software can be accessed for free. According to the TALYS code calculations, the threshold energy for 47Sc production was 8.39 MeV, whereas the maximum cross-section (879 mbarn) occurred at proton incident energy of 17 MeV. The calculated EOB yield for 48Ca(p,2n)47Sc nuclear reaction at 60 MeV proton energy was found to be 449 MBq/μAh, which was suitable quality for typical radionuclide production. Besides, three radionuclides, i.e. 48Sc, 46Sc and 47Ca were predicted to be the main impurities in the 47Sc production. However, in order to minimize the production of 48Sc, 46Sc and 47Ca impurities radionuclide the safest and optimum proton energy should be between 23 and 30 MeV, which can be achieved using the available 26 MeV cyclotron. This study can be used as a reference for future 47Sc production when proton beams of up to 60 MeV are employed.
The effectiveness of guided inquiry learning tools in increasing students’ activities and creative thinking skills
Authors: Widia  , Sarnita F , Irawan A , Syafrudin  , Armansyah  , Nurdiana  , Hunaepi  , Sapnowandi  , Prayogi S , Asy’ari M 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness of guided inquiry learning tools in increasing students’ creative thinking activities and skills. Student activities include: paying attention, formulating problems, hypothesizing, conducting experiments, recording observations, discussing, communicating results, and concluding, while creative thinking skills components namely: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration were also identified in this study. The study used a one-group pre-test post-test design which was implemented on 22 students. Research data were collected using activity observation sheets and creative thinking skills test instruments. The results showed that the activity and creative thinking skills of students increased after learning, so it can be concluded that guided inquiry learning tools were effective in increasing students’ activities and creative thinking skills.
Practicum implementation for kinematics using tracker: solutions for practicum implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tiandho Y 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed various activities, including the learning process. The health protocol requires physical distancing, and learning activities in a “real” class are not allowed. Therefore, practicum has severe problems because students cannot carry it out in the laboratory. On the other hand, practicum has an essential role in learning physics. This paper aims to describe implementing kinematics practicum from home using the Tracker -video analysis software. The use of the Tracker software can help students carry out practicum independently quite accurately. The sample of this research is first-year students at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The student was given several tutorials using Tracker via a video uploaded on Youtube. Furthermore, the student is given questions related to increasing understanding of kinematics, the accuracy of the practicum, and responses to the tutorials given. The majority of students welcomed this practicum and felt that they could improve their understanding of kinematics topics. Also, the practicum carried out has good accuracy. The use of Tracker can increase the frequency of use of digital devices and computers. Thus, we hope that it can improve the students’ skills related to Industrial Revolution 4.0 issues.
The use of pumice spatial distribution to determine the initial conditions and the ballistic effects of Samalas eruption
Authors: Hiden  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mount Barujari is an active volcano on Lombok Island located within the Mount Rinjani Complex. This spot is suspected of having had a massive eruption, hence the spread of pumice, with deposits assumed to have buried previously existing royal sites. The phenomenon of the distribution of volcanic sediments, especially pumice deposits, has not been studied qualitatively and quantitatively concerning the eruption dynamics in this complex. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the spatial distribution of pumice to determine the plume column dynamics and effects of the Samalas eruption 1257, and it was verified by the Kelud eruption in 2014. The results showed that the ballistic terminal velocity without atmospheric effects was 914.09 m/s, while the impact velocity was 955.50 m/s. These are both equivalents to 2.69 Mach (supersonic speed), resulting in a huge eruption explosion, which is heard up to a distance of 3000 km, often caused by the drag coefficient. Furthermore, the calculated drag coefficient shows the dynamics of current plume flow, including the transition zone between stable (Stoke’s Law) and turbulent flow (Newton’s Law). Simultaneously, the Samalas eruption’s kinetic energy was established as equivalent to 7 on the VEI scale. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the magma Chambers and their dynamics in the future.
The effect of dopant material to optical properties: energy band gap Tin Oxide thin film
Authors: Doyan A , Susilawati  , Muliyadi L , Hakim S , Munandar H , Taufik M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of the SnO2 thin film with doped materials of aluminum, fluorin indium, a combination of aluminum and indium, a combination of aluminum and fluorine, an a combination of the three doping agents, namely aluminum, fluorine, and indium have be successfully carried out. The purpose of this synthesis is to determine the effect of the vario doping materials on the resulting bandgap energy value. The thin layer was synthesized usi the sol-gel spin coating technique with the ratio of the base material and doping material us were 95: 5% and 85: 15%. The results showed that the higher the doping materi concentration, the resulting bandgap energy value decreased. In addition, the highest bandg energy value is found in the SnO2 thin film with indium doping, namely for direct 3.62 eV (9 5% percentage) and 3.59 eV (percentage 85: 15%), while the indirect bandgap energy value 3, 92 eV (percentage 95: 5%) and 3.67 eV (percentage 85: 15%). The lowest energy band g value is found in the SnO2 thin film with a combination of the three doping aluminum, fluorin and indium, namely for direct 3.50 eV (95: 5% percentage) and 3.41 eV (percentage 85: 15% while the energy band gap value is indirect. namely 3.81 eV (percentage 95: 5%) and 3.55 e (percentage 85: 15%). All the energy band gap range in semiconductor materials.
Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Method with Modified Armijo Condition to Solve Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: Wasi H. A. , Shiker Mushtak A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Conjugate gradient methods more used in the field of unconstrained optimization, particularly large scale problems, Armijo condition one of the simple rule are commonly used to analyses and applications of CG methods. In this paper we exhibit a new modified for the Armijo condition with established converges globally of the conjugate gradient method and best numerical results.
Bloom-Quotient Based Name Matching Technique in Content Centric Networks
Authors: Alhisnawi Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Content Centric Networking (CCN) is a novel network paradigm in which the communication process focusses on content rather than the host. In the current network architecture, routers forward the incoming packets based on the routing information that already had. Whereas, forwarding decisions in CCN are taken depending on networks situation. The contents in CCN are retrieved depending on their names which are URL like names that are composing of a number of string parts separated by’/’. These names are stored inside a specific data structure, called Forwarding Information Base (FIB), inside CCN routers and they are used to forward any incoming packet. Therefore, the main two challenges that face the design of FIB table are: search speed and storage utilization. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a new name matching technique (named BF-QF FIB) to design and implement a FIB table in CCN routers in order to decrease the storage utilization and to increase the lookup speed. This technique utilizes two kinds of query data structures: Bloom filter (BF) and Quotient filter (QF) as its main data structures. The utilization of these two data structures will ensure low memory usage and high lookup speed. The results of our evaluation show that BF-QF FIB can guarantee high search rate and offer perfect scalability to large FIB tables.
Resolve partially the inner disk for Epsilon Eridani
Authors: Taha Anas S. , Rashed Y. E. , Kadhem Arshed A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present mid-infrared imaging observations of the debris disk around one of the main sequence star Epsilon Eridani in the Q-band at (20.5 µm) and (17.6 µm). The dust that produces emission in debris disk is spatially resolved in the inner region of the debris disk of Epsilon Eridani at distance approximately between 1.4 - 4 AU.

Method: The target has been observed Epsilon Eridani using the GTC (Gran Telescope Canaria) with CanariaCam instrument, which performs imaging in mid-IR (Q-band). To detect the disk around Epsilon Eridani star, we observed a standard star and the target star, consequently. We then measured the PSF (Point Spread Function) of our standard star to limit the radial flux profile of our target star. The images were centred to the center images before subtracted the radial flux of the standard star from the radial profile of science target to get the residual flux which is produced by the debris disk. The first important step is removing the background effect from images with contribution flux of star. For this, we calculated the standard deviation of background as well as the seeing variation during the observation to estimate the value of stellar flux residuals.

Result: The dust emission around the debris disk is spatially resolved and the size of the emission is determined. The dust detected around Epsilon Eridani is located in the same distance from the star where a giant planet has confirmed. The photometry measurements are achieved for emission 0.268 Jy and the flux of the star is 2.18 Jy.
Ecological Study and Peroxidase Activity of Some Medical Plant (Asteraceae) Growth Wildly in Anbar Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Hameed Ashwaq Talib , Dawd Shaimaa Mohe , Al Bahadly Zina Kh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Seventeen genera of Asteraceae family were studied in the western regions of Iraq - Al-Anbar governorate in terms of environment and their spread in them, which was characterized by species that were more widespread and invasive in different environments such as Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxucum officinale and Lactuca serriole, and the species were widespread in dry areas far from residential areas. Which was characterized by dry clay or gravel soils such as Artemisia herba-alba and Achellia fragrantissima, and the peroxidase enzyme was extracted by phosphate buffer from the seeds of the studied plants, which gave a variation in the enzymatic activity values. Aizoon hispanicum plant, as it was 0.0023 units / ml. The values have a relationship with the plant environment, as the desert areas plants gave higher enzyme values.
Glucose Bio Sensor Base Nanocomposite Graphene/Tio2
Authors: Sakban Raunaq H. , Abdulalmohsin Samir M. , Noori Mohammed D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of graphene and titanium oxide nano-mixtures in a wide variety of physical products, such as solar panels, biosensors and fuel cells. Owing to the special general physical properties of TiO2 and graphene, graphene has a huge conductivity to sustain TiO2 and is used as a photo catalyst in water and moisture solutions in bio nano sensors. TiO2 has special features, such as stability low toxicity and cost-effectiveness. Primary findings have shown that the manufacture of the system sensor displays a great and quick reaction to glucose to be the ideal biosensor unit The use of TiO2 is limited by its wide band gap energy contributing to light absorbance in the UV spectrum area and the relatively high rate of recombination of photo-generated electrons. The use of G / TiO2 to improve photocatalytic behavior and stability so that maximum electrical sensitivity can be achieved. Preparation of Titanium dioxide / Graphene nanocomposite thin film for glucose exposure by spray pyrolysis technology (SPT), Scanning Electron Microscopy ( SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) are structural and morphology studies.
Quasi – injective Gamma acts
Authors: Abbas Mehdi. S. , Al–Saadi Saad. A. , Faris Abdulqader 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work we introduce the concept of quasi – injective gamma acts as a generalization of both injective and weakly injective gamma acts. In general we study the endomorphism set of gamma acts and certain types of gamma subacts which are used later. In the main part, we study basic properties of quasi – injective gamma acts and the effect of their endomorphism set to quasi – injective. We show that for any gamma act there is quasi – injective extension.
Pseudo maximal submodules
Authors: Faris Hairan I. , Jasim Rana H. , Mohammed Nada J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract“Let R be a commutative ring with identity and β be left unitaryR− module”. We introduced in this paper the concept of pseudo maximal submodule which was a new generalization of the concept of maximal submodule, several basic properties, of this concept are given. Furthermore, characterization of this concept in the class of multiplication modules are introduced. “Moreover the pseudo Jacobson radical of modules and submodules are investigated”.
Study the Effect of Tio2 Nanoparticles in Multilayers of Photoelectrode Prepared by Ball Milling Technique on The Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (Dsscs)
Authors: Abdullah N. A. , Ali B. , Jabbar Hashim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were prepared using nanoparticles of TiO2 downscaled using ball milling technique. 8 hours milling time was used at a constant speed of up to 70% of the critical speed. The obtained average particle size of (2.8 nm) was examined by means of (Fe-SEM) electron microscopy images. Thin films of these particles were prepared, and dye-sensitized solar cells were made using (N719) dye. The effect of particle size on the performance of the conversion efficiency of DSSCs was studied by balancing light scattering and surface area. Large particles have a strong light-scattering lead to a significantly decreased surface area and small particles have a large surface area and weak light scattering. Therefore, it has been proposed to utilize multiple (mono, bi and trilayers) photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells. The results showed that cell with trilayer photanode has better efficiency than that of monolayers and bilayers. the conversion efficiency (0.9%) was obtained for the single layer and (1.01%) for the bilayer and (1.18%) for the trilayer.
Inverse 2-Anti Fuzzy Domination in Anti fuzzy graphs
Authors: Yousif H. J. , Omran A. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this work to study the concepts of inverse 2 −anti fuzzy dominating set and inverse 2 − anti fuzzy domination number

(

γ

2
a
f

−
1

)

of anti fuzzy graph (G

af
). We discuss the inverse 2
af
domination number

(

γ

2
a
f

−
1

)

for some classes of anti fuzzy graphs and determine bounds for the same. In addition, some result is obtained
Extending Semimodules over Semirings
Authors: Alhashemi Samah , Alhossaini Asaad M. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of our research paper is to introduce as well as to study many essential properties of the concept of extending semimodules. A semimodule S is named extending (CS) if every subsemimodule of S is essential in a direct summand of S. Therefore, extending semimodule behaviour with respect to direct sums and direct summands are examined. Moreover, studying some properties of these semimodules concepts, e.g., every direct summand of a CS-semimodule is a CS-semimodule. While the direct sum of extending semimodules is not necessarily extending.
Impact of Clay mineral type on sandstone permeability based on field investigations: case study on Labuan island, Malaysia
Authors: Risha M. , Douraghi J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Permeability is a petrophysical parameter that can indicate the economical value of sandstone as a hydrocarbon reservoir. In presence of Clay minerals in sandstone composition, permeability can be affected significantly according to the Clay mineral type. Therefore, understanding the impact of Clay on the permeability of sandstone has a big importance in scientific research and industry as well. Although well-logs can provide very good data quality, it is not cost-effective as a preliminary tool. However, field investigations and observations are basic tools to collect valuable data in a short time at a very low cost. In this paper, 30 intervals from 10 outcrops in Labuan island were selected to be described and investigated in the field using air permeameter and portable gamma-ray spectrometer with no additional lab investigations except 3 thin-sections for validation. Tinyperm II was used to determine the permeability, while gamma-ray spectrometer was used for Clay minerals typing. Results of lithofacies, permeability, and gamma-ray have shown a lack of relation between facies and permeability in the selected outcrops while showing a significant impact of the authigenic Clay minerals on permeability according to their types and morphologies. This paper can provide a good reference for preliminary reservoir field studies.
Some New Double Sequence Spaces of Fuzzy Numbers Defined by Double Orlicz Functions Using A Fuzzy Metric
Authors: Mansoor Murtdha Mohammed , Battor Ali Hussein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents some new double sequence spaces using a double Orlicz functions and a fuzzy metric. Using the idea that a nonnegative, upper-semi continuous, normal and convex fuzzy number is the distance between two points in a fuzzy metric, we test some basic properties of the new double sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers. We also analyze the relationships between these spaces.
Thermoelectric Properties of Oligoyne-Molecular Wires
Authors: Al-Mammory Baraa A. A. , Al-Owaedi Oday A. , Al-Robayi Enas M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Oligoynes are prototype molecular wires due to their conjugated system and the coherent tunneling transport, which aids this type of wires to transfer charges over long distances. The electric and thermoelectric characteristics for a series of Oligoyne molecular wires ((n) 3, 5, 7 and 9) are studied to explore the fundamental transport mechanisms for electrons crossing through single molecules, we probed both the electrical conductance and Seebeck coefficient for Au|molecule|Au configurations using the density functional theory (DFT). Our results not only confirmed the expected exponential decrease of conductance with the number n of triple bonds, according to the formula G

n
= A
e
−β
n
, but also demonstrated that the linear increase in the Seebeck coefficient S

n
with the number of triple bonds.
Maxwellian-Averaged Neutron Capture Cross-Sections and Thermonuclear Reaction Rates for 56,57,58Fe, 59Co, And 60Ni Isotopes at Astrophysical Energies
Authors: Ali Lana T. , Selman Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Initially-produced isotopes during the course of the s-process have a significant impact on the continuity and branching network of this process. Such isotopes can undergo various neutron capture mechanisms, of which (n, γ) is important. In this research, the direct, thermal, and Maxwellian-averaged cross section (MACS), as well as the astrophysical reaction rates of the radiative neutron-capture reactions, were calculated for 56,57,58Fe, 59Co, and 60Ni isotopes. At kinetic energies between kT = 0.037 and 482.3 keV, corresponding to astrophysical temperature in the range of 0.01 to 1GK. E1 transitions of s-wave were considered with the approximations of direct non-resonant components. The obtained MACSs and hence reaction rates were based on the data from the major measured and evaluated nuclear libraries and tables and they showed very well agreements with the most recommended database and compilations. Moreover, the effect of the direct, thermal, and negative resonance cross sections on the MACS was found to be very small and exhibit a 1/v behavior overall temperatures, with a maximum at T = 0.01GK, while the main contribution attributed to the positive resonance term, that found to dominate overall temperature range.
Utilizing blockchain technology for IoT-based healthcare systems
Authors: Mohammed Raad , Alubady Raaid , Sherbaz Ali 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a widespread interest in healthcare issues and the search for faster and safer service for patients. Electronic health record was established to provide advanced health services. Researchers seek to provide permanent and simplified ways to monitor patients remotely using remote patient monitors. One of these methods is the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, where the healthcare provider can monitor the patient remotely. However, with the current centralized electronic patient record system and increase in number of IoT devices, security and privacy issues have arisen, as some patients may not want to disclose their data, in addition to particular concerns or risks that affect the patient’s life. To reduce these issues, several studies have presented the use of blockchain technology as a trustworthy network of solutions to ensure patient information security and secure the transfer of IoT devices’ data. In this regard, this research is an attempt to present a new framework that facilitates the storage and transfer of patient data in the blockchain by merging the electronic health record and remote patient monitoring techniques into a single framework using Django. This framework allows the transfer of data from IoT devices to multiple peers, making use of the smart contract provided by the Ethereum platform.
Calculation of Encircled Energy as Optical Quality Assessment Parameter for Image System
Authors: Karam Ghada S. , Abood Ziad M. , Khaled Qusy , Alwahab Khaled Abd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a theoretical investigation of the Encircled Energy of an annular pupil (with different obscuration ratio ε = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) for diffraction limited and defocus (optical system suffers from focal shift) optical system. The numerical evaluation was carried out using pupil function technique in Cartesian coordinates which has the advantage of introducing any kind and amount of aberration in the optical system. Another quality criterion for measuring the efficiency of optical systems is the Gradient determination. The maximum gradient value is near the center of the Encircled Energy curve in the image plane and will be decreases when the wave front aberration increases in the image plane. The presented results shows beater information when the optical system has a large amount of focal shift, and shows a clear reduction in the Encircled Energy values with increasing obscuration ratio This indicates that the central spot in the central ring group contains only a fraction of the total energy, so the whole set of central rings considered as the Effective Image Element.