bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process based volatile memory forensics for ransomware detection
Authors: Arfeen Asad , Asim Khan Muhammad , Zafar Obad , Ahsan Usama 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRansomware is an emerging category of malware that locks computer data via powerful cryptographic algorithms. The global propagation of ransomware is a serious threat for individuals and organizations. The banking sector and financial institutions are the prime targets of such ransomware attacks. In case of such an attack, the field of digital forensics helps in estimation of the severity and data loss caused by the attack. Traditional digital forensics investigations make use of static or behavioral analysis to detect malware in infected systems. However, these procedures are challenged by malware obfuscation techniques. Malicious processes can stay inactive and undetected if only a single memory dump is analyzed. Thus, there is a need to collect numerous memory dumps of an individual program that can help with comprehensive and accurate analysis. In this article, we have developed a framework for volatile memory acquisition at regular time intervals to analyze the behavior of individual processes in memory. Through memory forensics, salient features are extracted from the infected memory dumps. These features can be utilized to classify malicious and benign processes efficiently through machine learning as compared to conventional techniques.
Water‐Mediated Thermal Rearrangement of a Cage‐Opened C60 Derivative
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe partial zipping of a fullerene orifice was achieved by a water‐mediated thermal rearrangement at 150 °C for one day while the orifice size changed from 16‐ to 14‐membered ring with the generation of a fused pentagon. The addition of B(C6F5)3 was found to facilitate the reaction likely due to the coordination to carbonyl groups on the orifice. By extending the reaction time, the decarbonylation took place to give another 14‐membered‐ring orifice where the Michael addition of water occurred under acidic conditions. The computational study suggested that the formation of a carboxylic acid and Fischer‐type carbene plays a key role in the C−C bond cleavage/reformation processes during the rearrangement.
Strategies for implementing music‐based interventions for people with dementia in long‐term care facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Amano Takashi , Hooley Cole , Strong Joe , Inoue Megumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesResearch has found that music‐based interventions can decrease behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia or behaviors that challenge (BPSD/BtC). However, how to effectively implement these interventions is unclear. This study synthesizes available evidence regarding implementation strategies and outcomes of music‐based interventions for people with dementia at residential long‐term care facilities.MethodsStudy registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020194354). We searched the following databases: PsychInfo, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included articles targeting music‐based interventions conducted for people with dementia, studies conducted in residential long‐term care facilities, and articles that reported implementation strategies and outcomes of the intervention.ResultsOf the included eight studies, half were studies of music therapy and the other half were on individualized music. 49 implementation strategies were reported. The most frequently reported category of strategies was planning (34.7%), followed by education (24.5%), quality management (24.5%), restructuring (12.2%), and finance (4.1%). No strategies under the category of attending to the policy context were reported. The most frequently reported implementation outcomes were appropriateness (27.3%), followed by adoption (22.7%), fidelity (22.7%), acceptability (9.1%), sustainability (9.1%), and cost (9.1%). No studies measured feasibility or penetration.ConclusionsAlthough various effective implementation strategies were identified, we were unable to examine the effectiveness of individual implementation strategies due to the designs of the selected studies. Less attention has been paid to strategies that aim at structural changes of intervention delivery systems. Future studies should investigate facilitators and barriers of implementing music‐based interventions especially focusing on structural aspects.
A novel cyclic NP1 reveals obstruction of EGFR kinase activity and attenuation of EGFR‐driven cell lines
Authors: Jiwacharoenchai Nattanan , Tabtimmai Lueacha , Kiriwan Duangnapa , Suwattanasophon Chonticha , Seetaha Supaphorn , Sinthuvanich Chomdao , Choowongkomon Kiattawee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAberrations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), for example, mutations and overexpression, play pivotal roles in various cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and cell differentiation. Approved small molecule‐based inhibitors, including gefitinib and erlotinib, are used clinically to target the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR (TK‐EGFR). However, the severity of the side effects, off‐target effects, and drug resistance is a concern. Cyclic peptides are a well‐known peptide format with high stability and are promising molecules for drug development. Herein, the Ph.D.™‐C7C phage display library was used to screen cyclic peptides against TK‐EGFR. Biopanning, both with and without propagation methods, was performed to assess the highest capacity peptides using the enzymatic activity of TK‐EGFR. Interestingly, NP1, a peptide selected during biopanning without propagation demonstrated an inhibitory effect against TK‐EGFR at IC50 within the nanomolar range; this effect was better than that of P1 obtained using biopanning with propagation. Moreover, NP1 elicited EGFR with an affinity binding (KD) value of 18.40 ± 5.50 µM by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Introducing cell‐penetrating peptides or Arginine‐9 (Arg9) at the N‐terminus of NP1 thus improves cell‐penetrability and can lead to the inhibition of EGFR‐driven cancer cell lines; however, it exhibits no hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, NP1 caused a decrease in phosphorylated EGFR after activation within cells. A docking model shows that NP1 interacted primarily with TK‐EGFR via hydrogen bonding. Together, this suggests that NP1 is a novel EGFR peptide inhibitor candidate with specificity and selectivity toward TK‐EGFR, and may be applied to targeted therapy.
The occurrence of COVID‐19 is associated with air quality and relative humidity
Authors: Tong Ling , Ji Lu , Li Dan , Xu Huihui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe association between meteorological factors and COVID‐19 is important for the prevention and control of COVID‐19. However, similar studies are relatively rare in China. This study aims to investigate the association between COVID‐19 and meteorological factors, such as average temperature, relative humidity, and air quality index (AQI), and average wind speed. We collected the daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19 and meteorological factors in Shanghai China from January 10, 2020 to March 31, 2020. A generalized additive model was fitted to quantify the associations between meteorological factors and COVID‐19 during the study period. A negative association between average temperature and daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19 was found on lag 13 days. In addition, we observed a significant positive correlation between meteorological factors (AQI, relative humidity) and daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19. A 10 increase in AQI (lag1/7/8/9/10 days) was correlated with a 4.2%–9.0% increase in the daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19. A 1% increase in relative humidity (lag1/4/7/8/9/10 days) was correlated with 1.7%–3.7% increase in the daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19. However, the associations between average wind speed and the daily confirmed cases of COVID‐19 is complex in different lag days. In summary, meteorological factors could affect the occurrence of COVID‐19. Reducing the effects of meteorological factors on COVID‐19 may be an important public health action for the prevention and control of COVID‐19.
Insights into Holocene relative sea‐level changes in the southern North Sea using an improved microfauna‐based transfer function
Authors: Scheder Juliane , Bungenstock Friederike , Haynert Kristin , Pint Anna , Schlütz Frank , Frenzel Peter , Wehrmann Achim , Brückner Helmut , Engel Max 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIn light of global warming and rising relative sea level (RSL), detailed reconstructions of RSL histories and their controlling processes are essential in order to manage coastal‐protection challenges. This study contributes to unravelling Holocene RSL change on the East Frisian North Sea coast in high resolution and with a new approach for the German Bight. For the first time, a transfer function (vertical error: 29.7 cm ≙ ~11% of the mean tidal range) for RSL change based on a combined training set of benthic foraminifers and ostracods from the back‐barrier tidal basin of Spiekeroog is applied to the Holocene record of the back‐barrier tidal basin of Norderney. The resulting RSL curve for the Norderney tidal basin is corrected for decompaction and shows a deceleration in RSL rise between 6000 and 5000 cal bp.The smallest possible error envelope (~1 m) results from the good suitability of salt‐marsh layers between 5000 and 4000 cal bp.The RSL curve provides an approach towards the closure of the common data gap of peat‐based curves for the southern North Sea related to a lack of basal peats in the youngest age range, and verifies regional differences in glacial isostatic adjustment.
Improving dermal level images from reflectance confocal microscopy using wavelet‐based transformations and adaptive histogram equalization
Authors: Hanlon Katharine L. , Wei Grace , Braue Jonathan , Correa‐Selm Lilia , Grichnik James M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) generates scalar image data from serial depths in the skin, allowing in vivo examination of cellular features. The maximum imaging depth of RCM is approximately 250 µm, to the papillary dermis, or upper reticular dermis. Frequently, important diagnostic features are present in the dermis, hence improved visualization of deeper levels is advantageous.MethodsLow contrast and noise in dermal images were improved by employing a combination of wavelet‐based transformations and contrast‐limited adaptive histogram equalization.ResultsPreserved details, noise reduction, increased contrast, and feature enhancement were observed in the resulting processed images.ConclusionsComplex and combined wavelet‐based enhancement approaches for dermal level images yielded reconstructions of higher quality than less sophisticated histogram‐based strategies. Image optimization may improve the diagnostic accuracy of RCM, especially for entities with dermal findings.
A Novel Variant of ATP5MC3 Associated with Both Dystonia and Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Neilson Derek E. , Zech Michael , Hufnagel Robert B. , Slone Jesse , Wang Xinjian , Homan Shelli , Gutzwiller Lisa M. , Leslie Elizabeth J. , Leslie Nancy D. , Xiao Jianfeng , Hedera Peter , LeDoux Mark S. , Gebelein Brian , Wilbert Friederike , Eckenweiler Matthias , Winkelmann Juliane , Gilbert Donald L. , Huang Taosheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn a large pedigree with an unusual phenotype of spastic paraplegia or dystonia and autosomal dominant inheritance, linkage analysis previously mapped the disease to chromosome 2q24‐2q31.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identify the genetic cause and molecular basis of an unusual autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia and dystonia.MethodsWhole exome sequencing following linkage analysis was used to identify the genetic cause in a large family. Cosegregation analysis was also performed. An additional 384 individuals with spastic paraplegia or dystonia were screened for pathogenic sequence variants in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase membrane subunit C locus 3 gene (ATP5MC3). The identified variant was submitted to the “GeneMatcher” program for recruitment of additional subjects. Mitochondrial functions were analyzed in patient‐derived fibroblast cell lines. Transgenic Drosophila carrying mutants were studied for movement behavior and mitochondrial function.ResultsExome analysis revealed a variant (c.318C > G; p.Asn106Lys) (NM_001689.4) in ATP5MC3 in a large family with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia and dystonia that cosegregated with affected individuals. No variants were identified in an additional 384 individuals with spastic paraplegia or dystonia. GeneMatcher identified an individual with the same genetic change, acquired de novo, who manifested upper‐limb dystonia. Patient fibroblast studies showed impaired complex V activity, ATP generation, and oxygen consumption. Drosophila carrying orthologous mutations also exhibited impaired mitochondrial function and displayed reduced mobility.ConclusionA unique form of familial spastic paraplegia and dystonia is associated with a heterozygous ATP5MC3 variant that also reduces mitochondrial complex V activity.
Development of a Novel Pharmacophore Model Guided by the Ensemble of Waters and Small Molecule Fragments Bound to SARS‐CoV‐2 Main Protease
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Mohanty Debasisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent fragment‐based drug design efforts have generated huge amounts of information on water and small molecule fragment binding sites on SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro and preference of the sites for various types of chemical moieties. However, this information has not been effectively utilized to develop automated tools for in silico drug discovery which are routinely used for screening large compound libraries. Utilization of this information in the development of pharmacophore models can help in bridging this gap. In this study, information on water and small molecule fragments bound to Mpro has been utilized to develop a novel Water Pharmacophore (Waterphore) model. The Waterphore model can also implicitly represent the conformational flexibilities of binding pockets in terms of pharmacophore features. The Waterphore model derived from 173 apo‐ or small molecule fragment‐bound structures of Mpro has been validated by using a dataset of 68 known bioactive inhibitors and 78 crystal structure bound inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 Mpro. It is encouraging to note that, even though no inhibitor data has been used in developing the Waterphore model, it could successfully identify the known inhibitors from a library of decoys with a ROC‐AUC of 0.81 and active hit rate (AHR) of 70 %. The Waterphore model is also general enough for potential applications for other drug targets.
Nanopore sensing of γ‐cyclodextrin induced host‐guest interaction to reverse the binding of perfluorooctanoic acid to human serum albumin
Authors: Wei Xiaojun , Wang Qian , Liu Chang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been one of the most common perfluorochemicals, which are globally pervasive contaminants that are persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic, and have adverse impacts on human health. The highest concentration of PFOA occurs in the blood, where it strongly binds to human serum albumins (HSA). Thus, a method to reverse the HSA‐PFOA binding is critical to help facilitate the faster elimination of PFOA from the body to minimize its toxicological effects. Inspired by the remediation effect of cyclodextrin (CD) to PFOA through host‐guest interactions, herein, by elucidating inter‐molecular interactions using a nanopore sensor, we demonstrated in vitro reversal of the binding of PFOA to HSA using γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD). The competition behavior for the complexation of PFOA between HSA and γ‐CD was discussed in combination with in situ nanopore current recording and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization. The present work not only demonstrates the potential therapeutic application of γ‐CD for PFOA removal from human blood, but also provides an emerging method for investigating interactions between organic compounds and proteins.
Viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the main etiological agents of community‐acquired pneumonia in hospitalized pediatric patients in Spain
Authors: Otheo Enrique , Rodríguez Mario , Moraleda Cinta , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Sara , Martín María D. , Herreros María L. , Vázquez Carmen , Folgueira María D. , Pérez‐Rivilla Alfredo , Jensen Julia , López Agustín , Berzosa Arantxa , Sanz de Santaeufemia Francisco J. , Jiménez Ana B. , Sainz Talía , Llorente Marta , Santos Mar , Garrote Elisa , Muñoz Cristina , Sánchez Paula , Illán Marta , Coca Ana , Barrios Ana , Pacheco Mónica , Arquero Carmen , Gutiérrez Lourdes , Epalza Cristina , Rojo Pablo , Serna‐Pascual Miquel , Mota Inmaculada , Moreno Santiago , Galán Juan C. , Tagarro Alfredo ,   VALS‐DANCE and PCAPE Working Groups
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the etiology of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in hospitalized children in Spain and analyze the predictors of the etiology.HypothesisThe different etiological groups of pediatric CAP are associated with different clinical, radiographic, and analytical data.DesignObservational, multicenter, and prospective study.Patient selectionThis study included children aged 1 month to 17 years with CAP, who were hospitalized between April 2012 and May 2019.MethodsAn extensive microbiological workup was performed. The clinical, radiographic, and analytical parameters were analyzed for three etiological groups.ResultsAmong the 495 children included, at least one causative pathogen was identified in 262 (52.9%): pathogenic viruses in 155/262 (59.2%); atypical bacteria (AB), mainly Mycoplasma pneumonia, in 84/262 (32.1%); and typical bacteria (TyB) in 40/262 (15.3%). Consolidation was observed in 89/138 (64.5%) patients with viral CAP, 74/84 (88.1%) with CAP caused by AB, and 40/40 (100%) with CAP caused by TyB. Para‐pneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) was observed in 112/495 (22.6%) patients, of which 61/112 (54.5%) presented a likely causative pathogen: viruses in 12/61 (19.7%); AB in 23/61 (37.7%); and TyB in 26/61 (42.6%). Viral etiology was significantly frequent in young patients and in those with low oxygen saturation, wheezing, no consolidation, and high lymphocyte counts. CAP patients with AB as the etiological agent had a significantly longer and less serious course as compared to those with other causative pathogens.ConclusionsViruses and M. pneumoniae are the main causes of pediatric CAP in Spain. Wheezing, young age, and no consolidation on radiographs are indicative of viral etiology. Viruses and AB can also cause PPE. Since only a few cases can be directly attributed to TyB, the indications for antibiotics must be carefully considered in each patient.
Survival rates with external beam radiation therapy in newly diagnosed elderly metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Würnschimmel Christoph , Nocera Luigi , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Becker Andreas , Roos Frederik , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe survival benefit of primary external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) has never been formally tested in elderly men who were newly diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). We hypothesized that elderly patients may not benefit of EBRT to the extent as younger newly diagnosed mPCa patients, due to shorter life expectancy.MethodsWe relied on Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (2004–2016) to identify elderly newly diagnosed mPCa patients, aged >75 years. Kaplan–Meier, univariable and multivariable Cox regression models, as well as Competing Risks Regression models tested the effect of EBRT versus no EBRT on overall mortality (OM) and cancer‐specific mortality (CSM).ResultsOf 6556 patients, 1105 received EBRT (16.9%). M1b stage was predominant in both EBRT (n = 823; 74.5%) and no EBRT (n = 3908; 71.7%, p = 0.06) groups, followed by M1c (n = 211; 19.1% vs. n = 1042; 19.1%, p = 1) and M1a (n = 29; 2.6% vs. n = 268; 4.9%, p < 0.01). Median overall survival (OS) was 23 months for EBRT and 23 months for no EBRT (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.97, p = 0.6). Similarly, median cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was 29 months for EBRT versus 30 months for no EBRT (HR: 1.04, p = 0.4). After additional multivariable adjustment, EBRT was not associated with lower OM or lower CSM in the entire cohort, as well as after stratification for M1b and M1c substages.ConclusionsIn elderly men who were newly diagnosed with mPCa, EBRT does not affect OS or CSS. In consequence, our findings question the added value of local EBRT in elderly newly diagnosed mPCa patients.
AT‐rich interaction domain 5A regulates the transcription of interleukin‐6 gene in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Ikeuchi Wataru , Wakita Yuriko , Zhang Guoxiang , Li Chun , Itakura Keiichi , Yamakawa Takahiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that confers androgen‐independence and aggressiveness in prostate cancer (PCa); however, the molecular mechanisms regulating IL‐6 expression remain unclear. The expression of ARID5A, an AT‐rich interaction domain (ARID) DNA‐binding motif‐containing transcription factor is positively correlated with IL‐6 expression in human PCa. We, therefore, hypothesized that ARID5A could regulate IL‐6 expression in PCa.MethodsThe relationship between ARID5A and IL‐6 in PCa patients was analyzed using statistical analyses of multiple clinical microarray data sets. To investigate whether ARID5A regulates IL‐6 expression, CRISPR‐driven ARID5A knockout clones were established in DU145 and PC‐3 cells.ResultsAnalysis of three microarray data sets showed a positive correlation between ARID5A and IL‐6 expression. The expression of IL‐6 in ARID5A knockout clones was significantly reduced compared with control clones in both PCa cell lines. Knockout of ARID5A did not result in any loss of IL‐6 mRNA stability. Instead, we observed a significant decrease in the occupancy of both active RNA Polymerase II and the active histone mark, H3K4me3 at the IL‐6 transcriptional start site in ARID5A knockout PCa cells, suggesting a role for transcriptional regulation.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that loss of ARID5A downregulates the expression of IL‐6 at the transcriptional level.