bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A primer with purpose: Research implications of the objectification of weight in the workplace
Authors: Lemmon Grace , Jensen Jaclyn M. , Kuljanin Goran 
Published: December 2021

We offer a primer for researchers who seek to carry out studies that evaluate the lived experience of larger‐bodied workers. We use objectification theory to describe the process by which intraculturally‐determined body size preferences impact how observers think about and react to larger‐bodied colleagues, and how these larger‐bodied colleagues internalize and cope with these judgements. Arguing that exploration of the objectification of larger‐bodied professionals is incomplete without the use of multidisciplinary lenses, we describe mechanisms that reinforce weight stigma, including the role of healthism‐based value systems, intersectionality, and body image. We conclude the primer by outlining areas for new research that highlights burgeoning applied demand for more nuanced, evidence‐based discussions of weight at work.Practitioner points

In professional spaces, many workers feel comfortable “objectifying” their colleagues who occupy larger (i.e., “overweight”/”obese”) bodies. This means that workers (a) constantly compare their colleagues’ bodies to a “thin” standard, (b) feel a certain comfort in remarking on their larger‐bodied colleagues’ size, and (c) this judgment feeds into a cycle of self‐consciousness and self‐dislike that many larger‐bodied workers feel about themselves.

This objectification process can be doubly harmful to the well‐being of larger‐bodied workers when they, too, occupy a secondary marginalized identity/ies, such as being female or of a minority ethnicity.

The motivation for objectification comes from broader Western culture, which views the pursuit of health as a value that all people should pursue. Workers often assume their larger‐bodied colleagues are not pursuing health simply because of their size and can feel punitive toward them as a result.

Organizational remedies for this objectification process include educational programming and training to talk about the myriad ways “health” may be realized; more precise information about the complex origin’s of one’s body size; education around how marginalization of larger‐bodied colleagues does not stimulate effective action, but instead harms these colleague’s mental health (and beyond).
Functional, physical and psychosocial impact of degenerative temporomandibular joint disease
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Zhang Xiao‐Han , Cao Ye , Fu Kai‐Yuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the functional, physical and psychosocial impacts of TMJ degenerative joint disease (DJD). The bearing of TMJ osteoarthrosis/osteoarthritis and early/late TMJ DJD on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) were also compared.MethodsParticipants were enrolled from a TMD/oro‐facial pain centre. Those diagnosed with intra‐articular conditions based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) were subjected to CBCT assessment and categorised into four discrete groups: NN—no TMJ DJD and no arthralgia; NA—no TMJ DJD with arthralgia; TO—TMJ osteoarthrosis; and TR—TMJ osteoarthritis. The TO/TR groups were subdivided into early/late TMJ osteoarthrosis (EO/LO) and osteoarthritis (ER/LR). OHRQoL was examined using the OHIP‐TMD, and data were appraised with the Kruskal‐Wallis/Mann‐Whitney U tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe study participant (n = 358) had a mean age of 31.85 ± 12.39 years (85.6% women). Frequencies of the TMD groups were as follows: NN—23.2%; NA—27.1%; TO—19.0%; and TR—30.7%. Participants with TR/NA had significantly worse OHRQoL than those with TO/NN. Additionally, participants with ER/LR reported significantly poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts with EO/LO. For all TMD groups and TMJ DJD subgroups, the psychological discomfort domain was generally the most impaired. Differences in global OHIP scores were significant between participants with and without arthralgia (i.e., NA‐NN, ER‐EO and LR‐LO).ConclusionsThe presence of TMJ pain appeared to impair OHRQoL more than the severity of TMJ DJD. As psychological domains were most impacted, psychosocial care should be incorporated when managing patients with painful TMJ DJD.
Curcumin plays a local anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant role via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐ΚB pathway in rat masseter muscle under psychological stress
Authors: Miao Li , Huang Fei , Sun Ying‐Ying , Jiang Wei , Chen Yong‐Jin , Zhang Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePsychological stress causes structural and metabolic dysfunction of masseter muscles. The anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative polyphenol curcumin plays a local antioxidant role in rat masseter muscles under psychological stress by an as‐yet‐unknown mechanism. The present study aimed to assess curcumin anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects on masseter muscle and its possible molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe constructed a rat model of chronic unpredictable moderate stress (CUMS). Psychological stress was assessed by determining the levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in serum. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays measured inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress in masseter muscles. Levels of high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were determined using quantitative PCR analyses and immunofluorescent staining. Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation were examined using western blotting.ResultsThe CUMS group showed increased serum cortisol and ACTH levels. Pathological changes in the ultrastructure, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in the masseter muscles were also observed. Curcumin treatment (50, 100 mg/kg) ameliorated these changes significantly by varying degrees. Mechanistically, increased levels of phosphorylated NF‐κB, toll‐like receptor 4 and HMGB1 were observed, which were also ameliorated by curcumin treatment.ConclusionCurcumin can reduce local pathological changes, levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in masseter muscles. Psychological stress activates HMGB1 expression and increases the expression of downstream TLR4 and p‐NF‐κB, which could be reduced by curcumin. Thus, curcumin might exert anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects in masseter muscles via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.
Inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage on copper film deployed in high touch areas of a public transport system
Authors: Monge M. , Abdel-Hady A. , Aslett L.D. , Calfee M.W. , Williams B. , Ratliff K. , Ryan S. , Oudejans L. , Touati A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough SARS-CoV-2 is primarily an airborne risk, the COVID-19 pandemic also highlighted the need for self-disinfection surfaces that could withstand the demand of high occupant densities characteristic of public transportation systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the durability and antiviral activity of a copper film deployed for 90 days in two high touch locations within an active metropolitan bus and railcar. The antiviral efficacy of this copper film after being deployed in transit vehicles for 90 days (deployed copper film) was then compared to new (unused) copper film to determine if frequent touches and cleaning protocols could decrease the efficacy of the copper films. Deployed copper film, new copper film, and aluminium foil (positive control) coupons were inoculated with ~1 × 106 MS2 virus particles, allowed a contact time of either 5- or 10-min, and analysed for residual viral infectiousness. On both new and deployed copper films, MS2 was completely inactivated (≥5 log reduction) at both time points. These results suggest that the copper film may provide the durability demanded by high touch public spaces while maintaining the antiviral activity necessary to reduce exposure risk and viral transmission via surfaces in public transportation settings.
Vessel grafts for tissue engineering revisited—Vessel segments show location‐specific vascularization patterns in ex vivo ring assay
Authors: Vaghela Ravikumar , Arkudas Andreas , Steiner Dominik , Heltmann‐Meyer Stefanie , Horch Raymund E. , Hessenauer Maximilian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTransplantation of prefabricated tissue‐engineered flaps can be a potential alternative for healing large tissue defects. Providing adequate vascular supply for an engineered tissue construct is one of the key points in establishing successful tissue engineering‐based treatment approaches. In tissue engineering‐based vascularization techniques like the arteriovenous loop, vascular grafts with high angiogenic potential can help to enhance neovascularization and tissue formation. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the angiogenic potential of vascular grafts from different locations in the rat.MethodsThe angiogenic activity was investigated by an ex vivo vessel outgrowth ring assay using 1‐mm height vascular segments embedded in fibrin for 2 weeks.ResultsMaximum vessel outgrowth was observed on Days 10–12. Upper extremity vessels exhibited stronger outgrowth than lower extremity vessels. Moreover, arterial vessels demonstrated higher angiogenic potential compared with venous vessels.ConclusionCollectively, our ex vivo findings suggest that upper extremity arterial vessels have a higher angiogenic capacity, which could be used to improve neovascularization and tissue formation in tissue engineering.
For the flaring up of the flu: The nurses of the Maggiore Hospital in Milan hit by the Spanish fever
Authors: Rosi Ivana Maria , Milos Roberto , Galimberti Paolo Maria , Rancati Stefania 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the last year of the Great War, Italy was also hit by the Spanish flu. The Civic Hospitals faced a deadly disaster with insufficient resources. All the heavy workload fell on the female nursing staff, who were the only ones able ensure the continuity of the hospital services. This study aimed to explore the impact of the influenza on the health of the nurses at the Maggiore Hospital in Milan during the second and third epidemic waves. Historical research was conducted between February and May 2020. Primary sources were retrieved from the historical archives of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and the daily newspaper Corriere della Sera. In the autumn of 1918, the Maggiore Hospital in Milan changed its organization to hospitalise patients affected by the influenza pandemic. Although the hospital managers wanted to protect their healthcare staff from the risks of contagion by means of prophylaxis rules, 388 lay nurses and 80 religious sister nurses were affected by this insidious disease. The second and third waves of the pandemic claimed 25 victims of duty. Remembered for their altruism and spirit of abnegation, the hospital community honoured their sacrifice, and the citizens expressed their gratitude.
Whole gut imaging allows quantification of all enteric neurons in the adult zebrafish intestine
Authors: El‐Nachef Wael N. , Hu Claire , Bronner Marianne E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundA fundamental understanding of the enteric nervous system in normal and diseased states is limited by the lack of standard measures of total enteric neuron number. The adult zebrafish is a useful model in this context as it is amenable toin totoimaging of the intestine. We leveraged this to develop a technique to image and quantify all enteric neurons within the adult zebrafish intestine and applied this method to assess the relationship between intestinal length and total enteric neuron number.MethodsDissected adult zebrafish intestines were immunostained in wholemount, optically cleared with refractive index‐matched solution, and then imaged in tiles using light‐sheet microscopy. Imaging software was used to stitch the tiles, and the full image underwent automated cell counting. Total enteric neuron number was assessed in relation to intestinal length using linear regression modeling.Key ResultsWhole gut imaging of the adult zebrafish intestine permits the visualization of endogenous and immunohistochemistry‐derived fluorescence throughout the intestine. While enteric neuron distribution is heterogeneous between intestinal segments, total enteric neuron number positively correlates with intestinal length.Conclusions & InferencesImaging of all enteric neurons within the adult vertebrate intestine is possible in models such as the zebrafish. In this study, we apply this to demonstrate a positive correlation between enteric neuron number and intestinal length. Quantifying total enteric numbers will facilitate future studies of enteric neuropathies and ENS structure in animal models and potentially in biopsied tissue samples.
Dietary intake and associations with myopia in Singapore children
Authors: Li Mijie , Tan Chuen‐Seng , Foo Li‐Lian , Sugianto Ray , Toh Jia Ying , Sun Chen‐Hsin , Yap Fabian , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Chong Foong‐Fong Mary , Saw Seang‐Mei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate associations of dietary factors with myopia, spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) and axial length (AL) in children at age 9 from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort.MethodsWe included 467 multi‐ethnic children (933 eyes) who participated in the GUSTO prospective birth cohort and were delivered in two major hospitals in Singapore (2009–2010). At the 9‐year visit, we assessed the 6‐year incidence of myopia (between ages 3 to 9), cycloplegic SE and AL in children without myopia (SE ≤ −0.5 D in either eye) at the 3‐year visit. Using a validated 112‐item food frequency questionnaire, parents reported each child's average daily intake of dietary factors (nutrients and food groups) in the past month. Paired eyes were analysed using Generalised Estimating Equations with multivariable logistic or linear regression. Bonferroni corrections were applied, correcting for multiple comparisons between the 13 nutrients (p < 0.004) or 8 food groups (p < 0.006) and each outcome.ResultsIn children aged 9 years (51.0% boys; 56.3% Chinese), the 6‐year incidence of myopia was 35.5%. Overall, the mean (SD) SE and AL were −0.3 (1.7) D and 23.4 (1.0) mm, respectively. In multivariable regression, macronutrients or micronutrients were not associated with incident myopia (p ≥ 0.004 for all), adjusting for total energy, gender, ethnicity, time outdoors, near‐work and the number of myopic parents (additionally child's height for outcome AL). Similarly, all food groups (including refined grains, sugar‐sweetened beverages, protein foods, fruits and vegetables) were not associated with incident myopia (p ≥ 0.006 for all). Additionally, none of the nutrients (p ≥ 0.004 for all) or food groups (p ≥ 0.006 for all) were associated with SE or AL.ConclusionsOur study findings of no significant association between specific nutrients or food groups and incident myopia or SE or AL suggest that diet may not be associated with myopia in children aged 9 years. Well‐conducted prospective studies in other populations may clarify the association.
Reuse of cardiac implantable electronic devices in developing countries perspectives: A literature review
Authors: Lorenzo Ruiz Iñigo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesAccess to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is limited in developing countries. Postmortem CIED donation from developed countries to developing countries could be an important resource for those who cannot afford a new one. The objective of this paper was to identify and synthesize the perspectives on the donation of CIEDs for potential reuse in patients without resources living in developing countries.MethodsA bibliographic review was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The search strategy was limited to articles published in English or Spanish.ResultsEight publications were analyzed. The main results were grouped into two large frameworks on perceptions, preferences, attitudes and opinions of developed countries and developing countries towards the donation and reuse of CIEDs. Positive perspectives were identified towards the donation of CIEDs for their reuse in the majority of patients with a CIED, relatives, funeral homes and physicians of developed countries, as well as in physicians and potential recipient patients of developing countries.ConclusionsThis review highlights the positive perspectives on CIED donation from developed countries to patients in need of developing countries among all studied groups. In view of the feasibility of collecting postmortem devices, we advocate studying the feasibility of more local CIED donation initiatives.
Association of clinical and social factors with risk of fracture in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Kwak Ji Hee , Lee Soonchul , Cha Hye Ryeong , Chung Eun Hee , Han Man Yong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with atopic dermatitis (AD) have multiple risk factors for accidental fractures, injuries that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the factors that mediate the relationship between AD and fracture in children.ObjectiveOur purpose was to examine the association of AD with fracture and to identify potential mediating factors.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined children with and without AD from a longitudinal matched cohort database of 353,040 children registered in the national health insurance service and participated in the national health‐screening program of Korea. We defined AD using medical claims and medication prescription records. We investigated accidental fracture events between the index date and the end of follow‐up in a propensity score–matched cohort. Pre‐specified subgroup analyses considered fractures in four different regions of the body. The mediating effects of 10 possible clinical factors (including the use of antihistamines and systemic corticosteroids) and social factors (including nutritional status and parental safety awareness) were determined.ResultsThere were 145,704 participating children, 20% with AD and 49% girls. Fractures occurred in 6,652 of the children with AD (23%, mean age: 64.6 ± 29.2 months) and in 24,698 of the control group (21%, mean age 65.0 ± 28.9 months). Children with AD had an 8% greater risk of fracture events overall (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10). In subgroup analysis, AD was related to increased rates of skull and facial bone fracture (aRR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14), for trunk including vertebrae (aRR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22– 2.05), and for distal limbs (aRR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07–1.15). However, the relationship with proximal limb fracture was insignificant. Duration of systemic corticosteroid prescription was the largest mediating factor, followed by duration of antihistamine prescription, and infant feeding practices. In particular, the duration of systemic corticosteroid prescription was significantly associated with fracture events (incidence: 20.1% at the 25th percentile and 23.6% at the 75th percentile; difference: 3.4% [95% CI: 2.8–4.0%]).ConclusionsChildren with AD were related to increased fracture events. The key factors with mediating effects were systemic use of corticosteroid and antihistamine. Infant feeding practices had weaker mediating effects.
Carbon pricing ethics
Authors: Mintz‐Woo Kian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe three main types of policies for addressing climate change are command and control regulation, carbon taxes (or price instruments), and cap and trade (or quantity instruments). The first question in the ethics of carbon pricing is whether the latter two (price and quantity instruments) are preferable to command and control regulation. The second question is, if so, how should we evaluate the relative merits of price and quantity instruments. I canvass relevant arguments to explain different ways of addressing these important policy questions, suggesting that carbon pricing is preferable to command and control regulation, and that price instruments have the theoretical edge over quantity instruments.
Reprotoxic effects of fenpropimorph on the fertilizing potential of AI boars: A case study
Authors: Schulze Martin , Hensel Britta , Schröter David , Leiding Claus , Jung Markus , Lautner Matthias 
Published: December 2021

ContentsThis case study describes the effects of a contamination of boar bedding material with reprotoxic compounds in an AI centre in southern Germany. The origin of the investigations was an extreme decline in the production output of the boars. In July 2021, more than 54% of boars were not in production and over 45% of ejaculates had insufficient sperm quality and quantity, which is a significant drop in comparison with the other months. This drop was accompanied by oligozoospermia (azoospermia), asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. Through intensive troubleshooting, the changes could be attributed to fenpropimorph, an ergosterol biosynthesis‐inhibiting fungicide with reprotoxic potential, which was found in the sawdust used as bedding as well as in liver samples of affected animals, reaching a concentration (mean ± SD) between 0.20 ± 0.36 mg/kg and 0.019 ± 0.001 mg/kg respectively. Furthermore, autopsy findings revealed hyperaemia of the testis, histologically focal degeneration of the germinal epithelium and signs of reduced spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.
HLA‐EPI: A new EPIsode in exploring donor/recipient epitopic compatibilities
Authors: Geffard Estelle , Boussamet Léo , Walencik Alexandre , Delbos Florent , Limou Sophie , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine , Vince Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

The HLA system plays a pivotal role both in transplantation and immunology. While classical HLA genotypes matching is made at the allelic level, recent progresses were developed to explore antibody–antigen recognition by studying epitopes. Donor to recipient matching at the epitopic level is becoming a trending topic in the transplantation research field because anti‐HLA antibodies are epitope‐specific rather than allele‐specific. Indeed, different HLA alleles often share common epitopes. We present the HLA‐Epi tool (hla.univ-nantes.fr) to study an HLA genotype at the epitope level. Using the international HLA epitope registry (Epregistry.com.br) as a reference, we developed HLA‐Epi to easily determine epitopic and allelic compatibility levels between several HLA genotypes. The epitope database covers the most common HLA alleles (N = 2976 HLA alleles), representing more than 99% of the total observed frequency of HLA alleles. The freely accessible web tool HLA‐Epi calculates an epitopic mismatch load between different sets of potential recipient‐donor pairs at different resolution levels. We have characterized the epitopic mismatches distribution in a cohort of more than 10,000 kidney transplanted pairs from European ancestry, which showed low number of epitopic mismatches: 56.9 incompatibilities on average. HLA‐Epi allows the exploration of epitope pairing matching to better understand epitopes contribution to immune responses regulation, particularly during transplantation. This free and ready‐to‐use bioinformatics tool not only addresses limitations of other related tools, but also offers a cost‐efficient and reproducible strategy to analyze HLA epitopes as an alternative to HLA allele compatibility. In the future, this could improve sensitization prevention for allograft allocation decisions and reduce the risk of alloreactivity.