bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of Nutrition Knowledge, Their Socio-Demographic Determinants and Their Association With Food Consumption: Results of the NEMONIT Study
Authors: Koch Franziska , Hoffmann Ingrid , Claupein Erika 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: To investigate nutrition knowledge in the German population, its determinants and its association with food consumption.Methods: Data were obtained from the NEMONIT study (2014/15, n = 1,505, participants' age: 22–80 years). Nutrition knowledge was measured using the consumer nutrition knowledge scale (CoNKS) in a computer-assisted telephone interview. Two 24-h recalls were conducted to assess food consumption, which was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index-NVS II.Results: Areas for knowledge enhancement were the understanding of health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, the concept of a balanced diet and saturated fatty acids. Nutrition knowledge was higher among females, younger and high socio-economic status participants. Correlations between nutrition knowledge and a favorable diet were significant but low. Analyses of types of nutrition knowledge yielded similar results for procedural knowledge and knowledge on nutrients but not for knowledge on calories.Conclusions: Areas for knowledge enhancement were identified, but an increase in nutrition knowledge alone seems unlikely to result in large improvements of dietary behavior.
ITM2A as a Tumor Suppressor and Its Correlation With PD-L1 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xu Tao , Xia Yu , Wang Zhi , Li Xingrui , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHigh expression of integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) was reported to be associated with favorable prognosis in several solid tumors including breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of ITM2A in breast cancer, especially in respect to tumor microenvironment.MethodsITM2A expression was evaluated based on qRT-PCR results on breast cancer specimens, as well as TCGA and GEO datasets. The influence of ITM2A expression on breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, clonogenic assay, and murine xenograft models. Transwell assay was performed to observe the changes of invasion and migration capacity in breast cancer cells. To determine the biological functions of ITM2A, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened based on RNA-sequencing data of MCF-7 cells overexpressed ITM2A. Then, functional annotation on DEGs was given by Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis. The stimulation on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression when ITM2A overexpressed was determined by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the correlation on expression levels between PD-L1 and ITM2A was tested via qRT-PCR on 24 breast cancer tissues, as well as public database.ResultsWe demonstrated that ITM2A was frequently downregulated in breast cancer. Patients with high expression levels of ITM2A had longer overall survival and relapse free survival. Overexpression of ITM2A inhibited proliferation and impaired cells capacity of invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. The DEGs in breast cancer cells overexpressed ITM2A were found to be associated with immunity responses. Moreover, ITM2A was found to facilitate breast cancer cells to express PD-L1. The correlation between PD-L1 and ITM2A was verified with both qRT-PCR assay and public database. Additionally, it was found that breast cancer had higher ITM2A expression frequently had more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).ConclusionIn summary, we found that high expression of ITM2A reduced the aggressivity of breast cancer cells and had a favorable effect on outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, ITM2A induced PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cells was accompanied with higher TILs numbers in tumor microenvironment.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer: A Nation-Wide Multicenter Epidemiological Study in China
Authors: Wu Yun , Han Yiqun , Yu Pei , Ouyang Quchang , Yan Min , Wang Xiaojia , Hu Xichun , Jiang Zefei , Huang Tao , Tong Zhongsheng , Wang Shusen , Yin Yongmei , Li Hui , Yang Runxiang , Yang Huawei , Teng Yuee , Sun Tao , Cai Li , Li Hongyuan , Chen Xi , He Jianjun , Liu Xinlan , Yang Shune , Qiao Youlin , Fan Jinhu , Wang Jiayu , Xu Binghe 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundClinical guidelines generally recommend endocrine therapy (ET) as first-line treatment of hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (HR+ ABC) whereas chemotherapy (CT) should be considered in the presence of life-threatening disease or limited clinical benefit after three sequential ET regimens. However, it is unclear if real-world clinical practice is in accordance with the current guidelines. This study was to present the real-world treatment patterns and ET regimens among HR+ ABC patients in China.MethodsUsing data from the Nation-wide Multicenter Retrospective Clinical Epidemiology Study of Female Advanced Breast Cancer in China (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03047889), we investigated the clinicopathological characteristics, clinical profiles, and treatment patterns of HR+ ABC patients from January 2012 to December 2014.ResultsA total of 2,342 patients with HR+ ABC were included in this study. Our findings revealed that, in comparisons with those receiving initial CT (n = 1445), patients initiated ET (n =402) were significantly older, later recurrent after adjuvant treatment, with a lower rate of visceral involvement and a decreasing quantity of metastatic sites. A total of 1,308 patients received palliative ET while only 18.9% patients (n = 247) reached three lines of ET. Among patients completing more than one line of ET, the median treatment duration was 8 months for the first line, 6 months for the second line, and 3 months for the third line for patients receiving ET. In the advanced setting, the choices of palliative ET regimens were diverse, yet aromatase inhibitor (AI) monotherapy was still the overall mainstay of ET; in contrast, patients were less accessible to everolimus plus AI regimen in this population.ConclusionsLess than one quarter of patients initiated palliative ET for HR+ ABC in routine clinical practice. Patients who received multi-lines of ET experienced successive shorter durations following each line of therapy. This real-life data provides a solid overview of ET for HR+ ABC from China, indicating unmet need for treatment options that improve the effectiveness of endocrine therapy.
Knockdown of circRNA circ_0087378 Represses the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Modulating the miR-140-3p/E2F3 Axis
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Qiushuang , Gong Yi , Hu Qiu , Zhang Haoliang , Ke Shaobo , Chen Yongshun 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of circ_0087378 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe verified higher circ_0087378 expression in ESCC tissues by performing qRT-PCR assays. We further confirmed the oncogenic roles of circ_0087378 in ESCC cells through a series of biological function assays. Then, we used an RNA pull-down assay and luciferase reporter assay to identify miR-140-3p that directly interacts with circ_0087378. Subsequent studies were performed to demonstrate that the circ_0087378/miR-140-3p/E2F3 axis promotes ESCC development.ResultsWe demonstrated that upregulated circ_0087378 expression was positively associated with tumor size, histological grade, tumor stage, the presence of metastasis, and worse survival in patients with ESCC. Our results further revealed that knockdown of circ_0087378 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that circ_0087378 could directly bind to miR-miR-140-3p and relieve the suppression for target E2F3, which accelerated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Correlation analysis in ESCC specimens supported the involvement of the circ_0087378/miR-140-3p/E2F3 axis in ESCC progression.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that circ_0087378 might act as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-140-3p, which could inhibit the tumorigenesis and progression of ESCC through upregulating E2F3 expression.
Deep Neural Networks Outperform the CAPRA Score in Predicting Biochemical Recurrence After Prostatectomy
Authors: Sargos Paul , Leduc Nicolas , Giraud Nicolas , Gandaglia Giorgio , Roumiguié Mathieu , Ploussard Guillaume , Rozet Francois , Soulié Michel , Mathieu Romain , Artus Pierre Mongiat , Niazi Tamim , Vinh-Hung Vincent , Beauval Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundUse of predictive models for the prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) is gaining attention for prostate cancer (PCa). Specifically, BCR occurs in approximately 20–40% of patients five years after radical prostatectomy (RP) and the ability to predict BCR may help clinicians to make better treatment decisions. We aim to investigate the accuracy of CAPRA score compared to others models in predicting the 3-year BCR of PCa patients.Material and MethodsA total of 5043 men who underwent RP were analyzed retrospectively. The accuracy of CAPRA score, Cox regression analysis, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF) and a densely connected feed-forward neural network (DNN) classifier were compared in terms of 3-year BCR predictive value. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was mainly used to assess the performance of the predictive models in predicting the 3 years BCR of PCa patients. Pre-operative data such as PSA level, Gleason grade, and T stage were included in the multivariate analysis. To measure potential improvements to the model performance due to additional data, each model was trained once more with an additional set of post-operative surgical data from definitive pathology.ResultsUsing the CAPRA score variables, DNN predictive model showed the highest AUC value of 0.7 comparing to the CAPRA score, logistic regression, KNN, RF, and cox regression with 0.63, 0.63, 0.55, 0.64, and 0.64, respectively. After including the post-operative variables to the model, the AUC values based on KNN, RF, and cox regression and DNN were improved to 0.77, 0.74, 0.75, and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionsOur results showed that the DNN has the potential to predict the 3-year BCR and outperformed the CAPRA score and other predictive models.
Changing Trends in Melanoma Incidence and Decreasing Melanoma Mortality in Hungary Between 2011 and 2019: A Nationwide Epidemiological Study
Authors: Liszkay Gabriella , Kiss Zoltan , Gyulai Roland , Oláh Judit , Holló Péter , Emri Gabriella , Csejtei András , Kenessey István , Benedek Angela , Polányi Zoltán , Nagy-Erdei Zsófia , Daniel Andrea , Knollmajer Kata , Várnai Máté , Vokó Zoltán , Nagy Balázs , Rokszin György , Fábián Ibolya , Barcza Zsófia , Polgár Csaba 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe incidence of malignant melanoma has continually increased during the past few decades, however, certain reports suggest a recent change in trends. The aim of our study was to examine the epidemiology of melanoma in Hungary.MethodsThis nationwide, retrospective, longitudinal study included melanoma patients diagnosed between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 using the databases of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Hungary. Age-standardized incidence and cause-specific mortality rates were calculated.ResultsWe identified 2,426 and 2,414 new melanoma cases in 2011 and in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in males and varied between 28.28 and 34.57/100,000 person-years (PYs), and between 22.63 and 26.72/100,000 PYs in females. We found 16.14 and 18.82% increases in male and female incidence rates from 2011 to 2015 (p=0.067 and p&lt;0.001, respectively), and 12.77 and 11.35% decreases from 2015 to 2019 (p=0.062 and p=0.004, respectively). The change of incidence trends (2011–2015 vs. 2015–2019) was significant in females (p=0.002) and in the total melanoma population (p=0.011), but not in the male population (p=0.063). A 16.55% (95% CI: −27.07 to −4.59; p=0.013) decrease in mortality rates was found in the overall melanoma population.ConclusionsWe observed a significant trend change in melanoma incidence in the female and total melanoma population, and a significant decrease in mortality in the total melanoma population. These changes may be attributed to intensive melanoma awareness campaigns as well as to the increase in screening and access to modern therapies.
Global Research Trends on Prostate Diseases and Erectile Dysfunction: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study
Authors: Ma Chengquan , Su Hao , Li Hongjun 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesTo identify the cooperation of authors, countries, institutions and explore the hot topics’ prospects regarding research of prostate diseases and erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsPublications on research of prostate diseases and ED were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. Network maps were generated to evaluate the collaborations between different authors, countries, institutions, and keywords.ResultsA total of 2,599 articles related to study of prostate diseases and ED were identified. We observed gradually increasing in the number of publications from 1998 to 2016, and the trend was to be relatively stable in the past 3 years. Journal of Sexual Medicine (243 papers) owned the highest number of publications and Journal of Urology was the most co-cited journal. Mulhall John P (52 papers) was the top most productive authors and Mcvary Kebin T with the largest numbers of citations (1,589 co-citations) during the past decades. There were active collaborations among the top authors. The USA was the leading contributor in this field with 1,078 papers. Active cooperation between countries and between institutions was observed. The main hot topics included matters related to erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, quality-of-life, radical prostatectomy, sexual function, and BPH.ConclusionBibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the development of scientific literature, allowing relevant authors and research teams to recognize the current research status in this field and at the same time provide a reference for formulating future research directions.
Comparison of Growth Velocity Among School Age Children With Different Body Mass Index From Childhood Into Early Adolescence in Hualien County, Taiwan: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hsiao Yu-Chao , Wang Jen-Hung , Chu Chia-Hsiang , Chang Yu-Hsun , Chen Jui-Shia , Jan Rong-Hwa , Yang Shang-Hsien , Chen Ming-Chun , Chou Wei-Chih , Chu Shao-Yin , Lai Pei-Chun , Cheng Ching-Feng , Chiu Pin-Yun , Liu Yu-Hsuan , Chang Yung-Chieh 
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the contribution of high body mass index (BMI) to growth velocity among school-aged children who remained in the same BMI categories for a 6-year period.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included children who enrolled in the school year 2009 and remained in the same BMI categories during their 1st, 4th, and 7th grades (6–7, 9–10, 12–13 years of age). Annual linear growth velocity and weight gain were calculated and compared between sexes, BMI groups, and different times. Risk analysis and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to identify the impact of BMI on growth velocity.Results: Of the 1,637 subjects, 53.0% were male, and 2.5% and 10.9% belonged to BMI groups of overweight and obese, respectively. In students between 6 and 13 years of age, obesity was associated with higher annual weight gain and height gain. Risk analysis showed that obese subjects had higher linear growth velocity than normal BMI groups of both sexes between 6 and 9 years of age. Unexpectedly, overweight and obese girls between 9 and 13 years of age had less linear growth velocity than underweight girls at the same interval. Repeated measures analysis of variance in both sexes showed a significant statistical association between BMI and different times of growth. However, the effect was less in girls between 9 and 13 years of age.Conclusion: Puberty may dominate over BMI as the main contributor to high growth velocity in girls with underweight BMI emerging into pubertal age.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Enalapril and Enalaprilat in Pediatric Patients—A Systematic Review
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Cawello Willi , Laeer Stephanie ,   The LENA Consortium
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Enalapril has an established safety and efficacy in adults and is used in hypertension, heart failure, and renal failure. In pediatric patients, enalapril is labeled for children with hypertension and used off label in children with heart failure. The systematic literature search aims to assess the current knowledge about enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat pharmacokinetics in children as a basis for dose delineation for pediatric patients with heart failure.Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in the PubMed database using relevant keywords. Dose normalization of relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of the identified studies was done for comparison between different diseases and pediatric age groups.Results: The literature search has resulted in three pediatric pharmacokinetic studies of enalapril out of which Wells et al. reported about children with hypertension and Nakamura et al., and Llyod et al. presented data for pediatric heart failure patients. The area under the curve values of enalaprilat in hypertensive pediatric patients increased with respect to the age groups and showed maturation of body functions with increasing age. Dose normalized comparison with the heart failure studies revealed that although the pediatric heart failure patients of &gt; 20 days of age showed the area under the curve a similar to that of hypertensive patients, two pediatric patients of very early age (&lt;20 days) were presented with 5–6-fold higher area under the curve values.Conclusion: Data related to the pharmacokinetics of enalapril and enalaprilat in hypertensive patients and few data for young heart failure children are available. Comparison of dose normalized exposition of the active metabolite enalaprilat indicated similarities between heart failure and hypertensive patients and a potentially high exposition of premature patients but substantially more pharmacokinetic studies are required to have reliable and robust enalapril as well as enalaprilat exposures especially in pediatric patients with heart failure as a basis for any dose delineation.
Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations at Birth and Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very and Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Huizing Maurice J. , Borges-Luján Moreyba , Cavallaro Giacomo , González-Luis Gema E. , Raffaeli Genny , Bas-Suárez Pilar , Bakker Jaap A. , Moonen Rob M. , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: February 2021

Background: Amino acids are increasingly recognized as bioactive molecules in numerous physiological and pathophysiological pathways. The non-essential amino acid glutamate is vasoactive in the rat ductus arteriosus (DA) and a decrease in its levels within the 1st days of life has been associated with the presence of patent DA (PDA) in extremely preterm infants. However, these findings have not been confirmed in other studies.Objective: To investigate the possible association between amino acid concentrations in the 1st day of life and the presence of PDA in a cohort of 121 newborns with gestational age (GA) below 30 weeks and birth weight (BW) below 1,500 g.Methods: Plasma samples were collected 6–12 h after birth and amino acid concentrations were determined by tandem mass spectrometry. Besides PDA, we analyzed the potential association of amino acid concentrations with infant sex, small for GA (SGA, defined as BW &lt; third percentile), antenatal corticosteroids, chorioamnionitis, and preeclampsia. Group differences were analyzed by ANOVA adjusted for GA and BW. A Bonferroni significance threshold of P &lt; 0.0024 was used to correct for multiple testing.Results: PDA was found in 48 of the 121 infants examined. We observed higher mean levels of glutamate in infants with PDA (147.0 μmol/L, SD 84.0) as compared with those without (106.7 μmol/L, SD 49.1, P = 0.0006). None of the other amino acid concentrations in the PDA group reached the level of statistical significance that was pre-set to correct for multiple comparisons. Glutamate levels were not significantly affected by infant sex, being SGA, or by exposure to antenatal corticosteroids, clinical chorioamnionitis, or preeclampsia.Conclusion: Our study not only does not confirm the previous findings of low glutamate levels in preterm infants with PDA, but we have even found elevated glutamate concentrations associated with PDA. Nevertheless, despite the high statistical significance, the difference in glutamate levels may lack clinical significance or may be an epiphenomenon associated with the particular clinical condition of infants with PDA.
Feasibility of De-Escalation Implementation for Positive Blood Cultures in Patients With Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pedroso José Victor de Miranda , Motter Fabiane Raquel , Koba Sonia Tiemi , Camargo Mayara Costa , Toledo Maria Inês de , Del Fiol Fernando de Sá , Silva Marcus Tolentino , Lopes Luciane Cruz 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine whether de-escalation guided by blood cultures for patients with a diagnosis of sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock reduces mortality, and antimicrobial drug resistance (ADR).Methods: A prospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted with adults admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock at a public hospital in Sorocaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, from January 2013 to December 2013. We excluded patients who had negative blood cultures. Patients who had replaced the initial empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (EAT) by the antibiotic therapy guided by blood cultures were compared with those who continued receiving EAT. The outcome included mortality and antimicrobial drug resistance. We used the Cox regression (proportional hazards regression) and the Poisson regression to analyze the association between antibiotic therapy guided by blood cultures (ATGBC) and outcomes. The statistical adjustment in all models included the following variables: sex, age, APACHE II (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation II) score and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score.Results: Among the 686 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit, 91 were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 52.7 years (standard deviation = 18.5 years) and 70.3% were male. EAT was replaced by ATGBC in 33 patients (36.3%) while 58 patients (63.7%) continued receiving EAT. Overall hospital mortality decreased from 56.9% in patients who received EAT to 48.5% in patients who received ATGBC [Hazard ratio- HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.24–0.82), p = 0.009]. There was no association between ATGBC and ADR [HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.78 – 1.03) p = 0.15].Conclusions: Although the early and appropriate empirical EAT is undoubtedly an important factor prognostic, ATGBC can reduce the mortality in these patients.