bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteral nutrition feeding practices by intensive care nurses: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Crossfield Claire L. , Russo Philip L. , Bucknall Tracey K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) is an integral component of standard management of critically ill patients in intensive care. However, achieving adequate nutrition in this environment continues to present many challenges.DesignA descriptive exploratory design using a retrospective review of medical records.Aims and objectivesThe aims of this study were to describe nursing practice associated with EN feeding and identify barriers to optimal nutritional delivery in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsPatients admitted to a major Australian metropolitan health service ICU during a 6‐month period, and who received EN for at least 72 hours, were eligible for inclusion. Documented text from patient medical records was analysed using content analysis. Numerical data were analysed using SPSS software (version 25.0). Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated.ResultsA total of 150 patients were included in the study. The mean time from admission to EN commencement was 12.6 hours, with 59.3% commenced within 12 hours of admission. Only 9.3% of patients commenced EN at the target rate. Of the 150 patients, 24 (16%) received 80% of nutrition targets within 72 hours of admission. Patients who had EN commenced within 12 hours of admission and at the target rate were significantly more likely to achieve nutritional requirements (P = <.01). Patients who received an initial dietitian review within 24 hours of admission were more likely to achieve nutrition requirements (P = <.01).ConclusionsCommencing EN on time and meeting target volumes remains challenging in the ICU patient. Airway management, procedural requirements, and delayed dietitian review for prescribed hourly rate initiation provide barriers to optimal nutrition delivery to critically ill patients. Tackling these barriers may require interdisciplinary interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceProviding adequate nutrition to critically ill patients is challenging. This study provides evidence that day's one and two are problematic to EN delivery; particularly concerning airway management, procedural requirements, and delayed dietitian review for prescribed hourly rate initiation. Highlighting the need for further research into these aspects of nutrition management.
Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for neurogastroenterology
Authors: Marasco Giovanni , Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Di Sabatino Antonio , Barbara Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation in up to one fifth of patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the etiologic agent of COVID‐19, infects gastrointestinal epithelial cells expressing angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors triggering a cascade of events leading to mucosal and systemic inflammation. Symptomatic patients display changes in gut microbiota composition and function which may contribute to intestinal barrier dysfunction and immune activation. Evidence suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and related mucosal inflammation impact on the function of the enteric nervous system and the activation of sensory fibers conveying information to the central nervous system, which, may at least in part, contribute symptom generation such as vomiting and diarrhea described in COVID‐19. Liver and pancreas dysfunctions have also been described as non‐respiratory complications of COVID‐19 and add further emphasis to the common view of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement.PurposeThe aim of this review was to highlight the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including the crosstalk with the gut microbiota, the fecal‐oral route of virus transmission, and the potential interaction of the virus with the enteric nervous system. We also review the current available data on gastrointestinal and liver manifestations, management, and outcomes of patients with COVID‐19.
Exercise‐induced allergic reactions after achievement of desensitization to cow's milk and wheat
Authors: Kubota Shohei , Kitamura Katsumasa , Matsui Teruaki , Takasato Yoshihiro , Sugiura Shiro , Ito Komei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously reported that more than half of the patients who achieved desensitization after wheat rush oral immunotherapy (OIT) developed exercise‐induced allergic reaction on desensitization (EIARD). However, data on EIARDs after slow OIT are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the results of exercise provocation tests (EPTs) in patients after slow OIT for cow's milk and wheat allergies.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of 87 EPTs in 74 patients. The EPTs were performed in patients who were desensitized to at least 6,600 mg cow's milk protein or 5,200 mg wheat protein with slow OIT and were identified to be at a high risk of EIARDs. EPTs were performed after ingestion of the maximum desensitization dose. The patients’ clinical characteristics and symptoms were analyzed.ResultsThe EPT results were positive for cow's milk in 49% (21/43) of the patients and for wheat in 48% (15/31) of the patients. There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics between the EIARD‐positive and EIARD‐negative groups. The specific IgE (sIgE) levels before OIT and the reduction rates of sIgE before and after OIT did not correlate with the outcomes of the EPTs. Among the EIARD‐positive patients, 13 patients (cow's milk, n = 7; wheat, n = 6) underwent a second EPT, and the EIARD disappeared in 8 patients (cow's milk, n = 4; wheat, n = 4).ConclusionEIARDs were observed after slow OIT for cow's milk and wheat. Further research into the predictive factors of EIARDs in these patients is needed to understand its clinical manifestations.
Parental anxiety and misperceptions in children with innocent murmurs
Authors: Akrivopoulou Georgia , Gkentzi Despoina , Fouzas Sotiris , Vervenioti Ageliki , Dimitriou Gabriel , Karatza Ageliki A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies in children with innocent murmurs have shown that parental concern is common. Our aim was to assess the level of anxiety among parents of children referred for cardiology evaluation because of an innocent heart murmur and investigate their perceptions about innocent murmurs.MethodsA questionnaire was completed by parents before and after consultation. The questionnaire included a six‐item short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. After the echocardiogram, a detailed consultation was offered including a thorough explanation that the results were normal, as well as a written report.ResultsA total of 417 questionnaires were completed by parents of 340 children. Almost half of the parents believed that a heart murmur signifies heart disease or may interfere with child’s ability to exercise; 21% of them stated that the siblings should also be investigated irrespective of the presence of a murmur. The mean Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire score before pediatric cardiology consultation was 17.1 ± 4.3 and increased to 22.6 ± 2.8 after the consultation (Wilcoxon P < 0.001).ConclusionsParents of infants and children with innocent murmurs exhibit moderate levels of anxiety and this condition can be ameliorated significantly after pediatric cardiology consultation. Focused parental education is of paramount importance and the role of pediatric cardiologists is crucial and decisive.
Impact of hypoxemia on pediatric liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Turine Neto Plínio , Seda Neto João , da Fonseca Eduardo Antunes , Porta Gilda , Pugliese Renata , Benavides Marcel Albeiro Ruiz , Vincenzi Rodrigo , Roda Karina Moreira Oliveira , Danesi Vera Lúcia Baggio , Hirschfeld Adriana Porta Miche , Feier Flavia Heinz , Chapchap Paulo , Miura Irene Kazue 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of choice for patients with cirrhosis and HPS is LT. The clinical manifestations associated with hypoxemia result in limitations and a poor health‐related quality of life of affected patients. The present report aims to study the differences in outcomes between patients with PaO2 < 50 mm Hg and those with PaO2 ≥ 50 mm Hg.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 21 patients under 18 years of age conducted from 2001 to 2018; the patients were divided into 2 groups: G1—PaO2 ≥ 50 mm Hg, 11 patients, and G2—PaO2 < 50 mm Hg, 10 patients. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and perioperative data; outcome variables; and post‐transplant survival were compared between the groups.ResultsIn total, 2/11 (18.2%) patients in G1 and 8/10 (80%) patients in G2 required supplemental oxygen therapy at home (P = .005). Patients in G2 required prolonged MV (median 8.5 days in G2 vs 1 day in G1, P = .015) and prolonged ICU and hospital stays (P = .002 and P = .001, respectively). Oxygen weaning time was longer in G2 (median 127.5 days) than in G1 (median 3 days; P = .004). One (9.1%) patient in G1 and three (30%) patients in G2 died (P = .22). The survival at 90 months was 90.9% in G1 and 70% in G2 (P = .22).ConclusionThe survival between groups was similar. Patients with very severe HPS required a longer MV time, longer ICU and hospital stays, and a longer O2 weaning time than those with mild, moderate, or severe HPS.
Effectiveness of constructed farm wetlands in attenuating faecal indicator fluxes to watercourses from yard runoff on livestock farms
Authors: Kay David , Clarke Aldwyn , Crowther John , Davies Cheryl , Francis Carol A. , Stapleton Carl M. , Watkins John , Wyer Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConstructed farms wetlands (CFWs) are increasingly being used to treat faecally contaminated ‘dirty waters’ from yard areas on livestock farms. The findings of the present study, undertaken at the Pwllpeiran experimental CFW, West Wales, provide empirical data on the effectiveness of CFWs in attenuating faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations and fluxes to the receiving waters to which they discharge; and insight into the extent to which attenuation rates are affected by retention times within the CFW and seasonal factors. Based on the maximum flows that a CFW is being designed to treat, an equation is developed to enable estimates to be made of the size of wetland required to achieve a desired level of FIO attenuation. Other aspects of CFW design to optimise FIO attenuation are considered, including the construction of frequent baffles (transverse ridges), leaving parts of cells unvegetated and incorporating an initial settling pond.
Is there an association between anemia and diabetic foot ulcers? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Hayek Fady , Assi Chahine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnemia was found to be prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus. Higher rates of anemia were reported in patients having diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). With the presence of an altered microcirculation, the potential negative effects of anemia might impede ulcer healing leading to higher rates of amputation and mortality. Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched for from inception to locate relevant papers reporting any association between anemia and diabetic foot ulcers. The meta‐analysis included 15 studies with 2895 patients. The weighted prevalence anemia rates of the total, mild‐to‐moderate DFU, and severe DFU groups were as follows: 69.7%, 49.5%, and 73%, respectively. For the hemoglobin level outcome, the same samples yielded the following pooled means: 11.00 ± 1.13, 12.08 ± 0.8, and 10.57 ± 0.68 g/dl. Individual studies showed association between low levels of hemoglobin and higher rates of non‐healing ulcer, amputation, and mortality. This review demonstrated (a) a clear association between the presence of anemia and diabetic foot ulcers, (b) a clear association between the severity of anemia and the severity of DFUs, and (c) that anemia could be a predictor of amputation and mortality. Whether anemia is a predictor of adverse outcomes or an independent risk factor is to be further investigated.
A Concurrent Migration Model for Optimal Utilization of Existing Computer Resources
Authors: Ito Teruaki , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper describes the methodology of concurrent migration with optimal utilization of existing computer resources which has been used in organizations. Concurrent migration bypasses a transitional system which is described as migration model. Migration model includes modules for resource utilization, minimum modification, advance implementation, continuous utilization and concurrent development. Procedure for concurrent migration includes seven steps in which the migration system is included. A case study of concurrent migration of a centralized system converted to a distributed system based on remote/local (R/L) computing is presented to show the availability of the model and the procedure.
Diabetic maculopathy: multicolour and SD-OCT versus fundus photography
Authors: Kousha Obaid , Delle Fave Martina Maria , Cozzi Mariano , Carini Elisa , Pagliarini Sergio 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe English Diabetic Eye Screening (DES) programme recommends patients with M1 diabetic maculopathy to be referred to hospital eye services. DES uses flash fundus photography as the reference standard for maculopathy grading. We compared multicolour versus non-stereoscopic fundus photography at identifying M1 maculopathy, with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) identifying macular thickening.Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study included 345 patients with R1M1 referred from DES and reviewed in secondary care with fundus photographs, multicolour and SD-OCT. Maculopathy was graded based on DES exudate criteria on both multicolour and fundus photography in a blind fashion by two independent graders. Macular thickness was ascertained on SD-OCT.ResultsIntergrader agreement on grading maculopathy using fundus photography (Cohen’s κ=0.91) and multicolour (Cohen’s κ=0.82) was ‘almost perfect’. Agreement between fundus photography and multicolour on grading maculopathy (Cohen’s κ=0.76) was ‘substantial’. Compared with fundus photography, multicolour had sensitivity of 87% (95% CI 81% to 93%) and specificity of 90% (95% CI 87% to 94%) in detecting M1 maculopathy. SD-OCT identified 84 eyes with macular thickening, 47 of which were graded as M0 by fundus photography. 5 eyes with exudates and severe macular oedema requiring urgent intervention were also missed on fundus photography but not on multicolour. Multicolour, when complemented by SD-OCT, did not miss any clinically significant macular oedema.ConclusionMulticolour integrates synergistically in a single platform with SD-OCT providing effective monitoring of M1 diabetic maculopathy. The need for fundus photography is eliminated by multicolour/SD-OCT in dedicated R1M1 virtual clinics not requiring parallel diabetic retinopathy grading.
The metabolic signature of cardiorespiratory fitness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carrard Justin , Guerini Chiara , Appenzeller-Herzog Christian , Infanger Denis , Königstein Karsten , Streese Lukas , Hinrichs Timo , Hanssen Henner , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Ivanisevic Julijana , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionA low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong and independent predictor of cardiometabolic, cancer and all-cause mortality. To date, the mechanisms linking CRF with reduced mortality remain largely unknown. Metabolomics, which is a powerful metabolic phenotyping technology to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying complex phenotypes, could elucidate how CRF fosters human health.Methods and analysisThis study aims at systematically reviewing and meta-analysing the literature on metabolites of any human tissue sample, which are positively or negatively associated with CRF. Studies reporting estimated CRF will not be considered. No restrictions will be placed on the metabolomics technology used to measure metabolites. PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE will be searched for relevant articles published until the date of the last search. Two authors will independently screen full texts of selected abstracts. References and citing articles of included articles will be screened for additional relevant publications. Data regarding study population, tissue samples, analytical technique, quality control, data processing, metabolites associated to CRF, cardiopulmonary exercise test protocol and exercise exhaustion criteria will be extracted. Methodological quality will be assessed using a modified version of QUADOMICS. Narrative synthesis as well as tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included. If feasible, meta-analyses will be used to investigate the associations between identified metabolites and CRF. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be explored in meta-regressions.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and as conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020214375.
Case of placental insufficiency and premature delivery in a Fontan pregnancy: physiological insights and considerations on risk stratification
Authors: Ordoñez Maria Victoria , Biglino Giovanni , Caputo Massimo , Kelly Brenda , Mohan Aarthi , Trinder Johanna , Curtis Stephanie L 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThe coexistence of two complex physiologies such as Fontan and pregnancy is still not fully understood. We aim to add a unique and essential knowledge to help our colleagues in the management of Fontan patients that undergo pregnancy as well as the fetus and the placenta perfusion.Methods and resultsWe analyse the coexistence of Fontan and pregnancy physiology on a complex case of a woman with hypoplastic left heart syndrome palliated with a univentricular repair who became pregnant, delivered very prematurely and had atypical placental findings.ConclusionHistopathological analysis of the placenta could help us to refine the understanding of Fontan physiology adaptation during pregnancy, predict women and fetal outcomes as well as to plan a better pre-pregnancy status. However, further evidence is needed in order to reach a more solid and unified conclusion.
Study of $$K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu \gamma $$ decay with OKA setup
Authors: Polyarush A. Yu. , Akimenko S. A. , Artamonov A. V. , Blik A. M. , Burtovoy V. S. , Bychkov V. N. , Donskov S. V. , Duk V. A. , Filin A. P. , Filippov S. N. , Gorin A. M. , Gushchin E. N. , Inyakin A. V. , Kekelidze G. D. , Khaustov G. V. , Kholodenko S. A. , Khudyakov A. A. , Kolosov V. N. , Kravtsov V. I. , Kudenko Yu. G. , Kurshetsov V. F. , Lishin V. A. , Lysan V. M. , Medynsky M. V. , Mikhailov Yu. V. , Obraztsov V. F. , Polyakov V. A. , Romanovsky V. I. , Rykalin V. I. , Sadovsky A. S. , Samoilenko V. D. , Shapkin M. M. , Stenyakin O. V. , Tchikilev O. G. , Uvarov V. A. , Yushchenko O. P. , Zalikhanov B. Zh. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResults of a study of the $$K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu \gamma $$

K
+

→

π
0

e
+

ν
γ

decay at OKA setup are presented. More than 32,000 events of this decay are observed. The differential spectra over the photon energy and the photon–electron opening angle in kaon rest frame are presented. The branching ratios, normalized to that of $$K_{e3}$$

K

e
3

decay are calculated for different cuts on $$E^*_\gamma $$

E
γ
∗

and $$cos\Theta ^{*}_{e\gamma }$$

c
o
s

Θ

e
γ

∗

. In particular, the branching ratio for $$E^{*}_{\gamma }>30$$

E
γ

∗

>
30

MeV and $$\Theta ^{*}_{e \gamma }>20^{\circ }$$

Θ

e
γ

∗

>

20
∘

is measured R = $$\frac{Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu _{e} \gamma ) }{Br(K^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{0} e^{+} \nu _{e})} $$

B
r
(

K
+

→

π
0

e
+

ν
e

γ
)

B
r
(

K
+

→

π
0

e
+

ν
e

)

= = (0.587±0.010(stat.)±0.015(syst.))$$\times 10^{-2}$$

×

10

-
2

, which is in a good agreement with ChPT $$O(p^{4})$$

O
(

p
4

)

calculations.
Axion monodromy inflation, trapping mechanisms and the swampland
Authors: Jin Weijie , Brandenberger Robert , Heisenberg Lavinia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of particle production on the evolution of the inflaton field in an axion monodromy model with the goal of discovering in which situations the resulting dynamics will be consistent with the swampland constraints. In the presence of a modulated potential the evolving background field (solution of the inflaton homogeneous in space) induces the production of long wavelength inflaton fluctuation modes. However, this either has a negligible effect on the inflaton dynamics (if the field spacing between local minima of the modulated potential is large), or else it traps the inflaton in a local minimum and leads to a graceful exit problem. On the other hand, the production of moduli fields at enhanced symmetry points can lead to a realization of trapped inflation consistent with the swampland constraints, as long as the coupling between the inflaton and the moduli fields is sufficiently large.
Three-dimensional DKP oscillator in a curved Snyder space
Authors: Hamil B. , Merad M. , Birkandan T. 
Published: February 2021

The Snyder–de Sitter model is an extension of the Snyder model to a de Sitter background. It is called triply special relativity (TSR) because it is based on three fundamental parameters: speed of light, Planck mass and cosmological constant. In this paper, we study the three-dimensional DKP oscillator for spin-0 and spin-1 in the framework of Snyder–de Sitter algebra in momentum space. By using the technique of vector spherical harmonics the energy spectrum and the corresponding eigenfunctions are obtained for the both cases.
Chapter 5.1a Northern Victoria Land: volcanology
Authors: Smellie John L. , Rocchi Sergio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Neogene volcanism is widespread in northern Victoria Land, and is part of the McMurdo Volcanic Group. It is characterized by multiple coalesced shield volcanoes but includes a few relatively small stratovolcanoes. Two volcanic provinces are defined (Hallett and Melbourne), with nine constituent volcanic fields. Multitudes of tiny monogenetic volcanic centres (mainly scoria cones) are also scattered across the region and are called the Northern Local Suite. The volcanism extends in age between middle Miocene (
c.
15 Ma) and present but most is <10 Ma. Two centres may still be active (Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann). It is alkaline, varying between basalt (basanite) and trachyte/rhyolite. There are also associated, geographically restricted, alkaline gabbro to granite plutons and dykes (Meander Intrusive Group) with mainly Eocene–Oligocene ages (52–18 Ma). The isotopic compositions of the plutons have been used to infer overall cooling of climate during the Eocene–Oligocene. The volcanic sequences are overwhelmingly glaciovolcanic and are dominated by ‘a‘ā lava-fed deltas, the first to be described anywhere. They have been a major source of information on Mio-Pliocene glacial conditions and were used to establish that the thermal regime during glacial periods was polythermal, thus necessitating a change in the prevailing paradigm for ice-sheet evolution.