bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical therapy in children with cerebral palsy in Brazil: a scoping review
Authors: Furtado Michelle A S , Ayupe Kênnea M A , Christovão Isabella S , Sousa Junior Ricardo R , Rosenbaum Peter , Camargos Ana C R , Leite Hércules R 
Published: October 2021

AimTo identify and assess published studies concerning physical therapy in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework.MethodArticles in English and Portuguese published until October 2020, with no date restrictions, were searched in several different databases. Study characteristics, journal metrics, sample characteristics, and ICF domains explored intervention components and outcomes were extracted. Studies were classified according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine hierarchy levels to characterize the evidence.ResultsNinety‐four studies were included. Spastic CP with fewer limitations in gross motor abilities was the most reported; 67% of the studies had low levels of evidence and were published in journals without an impact factor. The three most frequent interventions were neurodevelopmental treatment, suit therapy, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Intervention components explored body functions and structures (73.4%), activity (59.6%), environment (2.1%). They did not explore participation (0%). The outcomes investigated addressed activity (79.8%), body functions and structures (67.0%), and participation (1.1%), but not environment (0%).InterpretationStudies of physical therapy for Brazilian children and adolescents with CP focused on reducing impairments and activity limitations. Studies with higher levels of evidence and an expanded focus on participation and environmental factors are necessary.
The structural design of conditional cash transfers: Colombia, India, and the USA compared
Authors: De Venanzi Augusto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMotivationIn recent years, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have become progressively popular in low‐, lower‐middle, and upper‐middle income countries, although a recent attempt has been made to replicate this type of programme in the United States. Yet, the potential of CCTs to perform well under different settings and to address a broader range of challenges is not clear.PurposeThe article aims is to identify the major differences in the structural design and outcomes of CCTs in three areas of the world.Methods and approachThe article looks at differences in the objectives, targeting mechanisms, incentives, conditionalities, cash transfer systems, and outcomes of Colombia's Más Familias en Acción, India's Janani Suraksha Yojana—although reference is made to other Indian CCTs—and the US's Family Rewards.FindingsThe study found differences among the selected CCTs not only in terms of their objectives and cultural underpinnings, but also in their targeting effectiveness and ability to monitor compliance. These limitations were markedly present in the case of the implementation of CCTs in India where undue political interference also represents an issue of concern for the proper operation and evaluation of these programmes. Yet, despite their differences in structural design, the observed CCTs were able to provide several benefits to targeted populations.Policy implicationsThe need for strong programme governance emerges as the main policy implication of this study.
The skin microbiome of infected pressure ulcers: A review and implications for health professionals
Authors: Gomes Fernanda , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio , Henriques Mariana , Sousa Liliana Baptista , Santos‐Costa Paulo , Bernardes Rafael , Apóstolo João , Parreira Pedro , Salgueiro‐Oliveira Anabela 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPressure ulcers (PUs) are injuries resulting from ischaemia caused by prolonged compression or shear forces on the skin, adjacent tissues and bones. Advanced stages of PUs are associated with infectious complications and constitute a major clinical challenge, with high social and economic impacts in health care.GoalsThis study aims to identify and describe the relationship between PU risk factors, stages and anatomical locations, and the relevance of microbial cohabitation and biofilm growth.MethodsThe narrative review method to advocating a critical and objective analysis of the current knowledge on the topic was performed. Indexed databases and direct consultation to specialized and high‐impact journals on the subject were used to extract relevant information, guided by co‐authors. The Medical Subject Headings of pressure ulcer (or injury), biofilms, infection and other analogues terms were used.ResultsDevelopment of PUs and consequent infection depends on several direct and indirect risk factors, including cutaneous/PU microbiome, microclimate and behavioural factors. Infected PUs are polymicrobial and characterized by biofilm‐associated infection, phenotypic hypervariability of species and inherent resistance to antimicrobials. The different stages and anatomical locations also play an important role in their colonization. The prevention and monitoring of PUs remain crucial for avoiding the emergence of systemic infections and reducing health care–associated costs, improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the mortality‐associated infected PUs.
Reconstructing large interaction networks from empirical time series data
Authors: Chang Chun‐Wei , Miki Takeshi , Ushio Masayuki , Ke Po‐Ju , Lu Hsiao‐Pei , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Hsieh Chih‐hao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReconstructing interactions from observational data is a critical need for investigating natural biological networks, wherein network dimensionality is usually high. However, these pose a challenge to existing methods that can quantify only small interaction networks. Here, we proposed a novel approach to reconstruct high‐dimensional interaction Jacobian networks using empirical time series without specific model assumptions. This method, named “multiview distance regularised S‐map,” generalised the state space reconstruction to accommodate high dimensionality and overcome difficulties in quantifying massive interactions with limited data. When evaluating this method using time series generated from theoretical models involving hundreds of interacting species, estimated strengths of interaction Jacobians were in good agreement with theoretical expectations. Applying this method to a natural bacterial community helped identify important species from the interaction network and revealed mechanisms governing the dynamical stability of a bacterial community. The proposed method overcame the challenge of high dimensionality in large natural dynamical systems.
Hedge inflation risk of specific purpose guarantee funds
Authors: Chen Ze , Chen Bingzheng , Hu Yi , Zhang Hai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpecific purpose guarantee funds (SPGFs) such as pension guarantee funds are popular among investors with both specific investment purpose and guaranteed return requirement but receive little academic attention. We propose a practical purpose‐oriented constant proportion portfolio insurance (PO‐CPPI) strategy that optimally allocates its assets into a risk‐free fund (floor) and a purpose‐related portfolio (cushion) to maximize prospect theory investors' utility with consideration of their purpose‐related inflation risk. Our closed‐form solution of optimal PO‐CPPI allocation derived in the continuous time case and Monte‐Carlo simulations in the discrete‐time and dynamic cases prove the superiority of PO‐CPPI over general portfolio insurance strategies.
Pre‐race and race management impacts serum muscle enzyme activity in Australian endurance horses
Authors: Buckley Petra , Buckley David J. , Freire Rafael , Hughes Kristopher J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMarked increases in serum muscle enzyme activity can occur in endurance horses but the diagnostic certainty in predicting cases of myopathy is unclear. Improved understanding of horse management effects on serum muscle enzyme activity as markers of muscle health would assist interpretation of serum muscle enzyme activity and guide management to reduce myopathy risk.ObjectivesTo investigate associations between serum muscle enzyme activity and management factors in endurance horses.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsOne hundred endurance horses competing in four endurance events (offering distances of 20‐120 km) in south‐eastern Australia were observed. Data were collected from official horse logbooks, pre‐and post‐race serum samples, an owner questionnaire of pre‐race and race management of horses and the Australian Endurance Riders Association results database. Multivariable linear regression modelling tested associations between management factors and serum muscle enzyme activity.ResultsFirst leg speed, distance raced, number of rest days pre‐race, and pre‐race activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) explained 47.3% of the variance in post‐race CK. As first leg speed increased by 1 km/h, CK activity increased by 25.8% (95% CI 11%‐35%). Race distances >80 km increased post‐race CK activity by 124% (95% CI 116%‐145%). Each additional pre‐race rest day increased post‐race CK activity by 30.5% (95% CI 11%‐42%). Modelling a 10% increase in pre‐race CK and pre‐race AST activity was associated with post‐race CK activity increasing by 7.3% (95% CI 3%‐14.4%) and 8.5% (95% CI 0.3%‐14.2%) respectively. Horses experiencing training distances >40 km and a greater number of rest days prior to race day developed increased pre‐race AST and CK activity respectively.Main limitationsOwner questionnaires may be subject to bias. Limited data were available to model ride terrain, horse fitness, ration detail and myopathy. Muscle biopsies were not used to confirm myopathy.ConclusionsNearly half of the variation in post‐race CK activity observed can be attributed to management factors unrelated to myopathy, suggesting increased CK activity may not be pathognomonic for myopathy. We advise caution in relying solely on serum muscle enzyme activity for diagnosis of myopathy until the strength of association between CK and myopathy is further ascertained in future studies.
Temporal trends and spatial patterns of chironomid communities in alpine lakes recovering from acidification under accelerating climate change
Authors: Svitok Marek , Kubovčík Vladimír , Kopáček Jiří , Bitušík Peter 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The biological recovery of remote aquatic ecosystems from atmospheric acidification under ongoing climate change is a complex and poorly understood process, often developing along unanticipated trajectories. Our objective was to evaluate the interacting effects of changing water chemistry and climate on the biological recovery of chironomid communities in the Tatra Mountain lake district (Slovakia and Poland), one of the most strongly acidified alpine regions worldwide. Chironomid communities were chosen as a sensitive indicator to disentangle the effects of acidification and climate change.

We used sediment records of a shallow, strongly acidified lake, Starolesnianske pleso, plus data on 77 alpine lakes sampled across the whole study region in 2000–2004 and 2010–2014.

Paleolimnological data from Starolesnianske pleso revealed a dramatic effect of acidification on the chironomid communities from the mid‐20th century. A rapid decline of water pH and a depletion of the carbonate buffering system were accompanied by the establishment of a species‐poor chironomid community. The previously dominant Tanytarsus lugens‐type was replaced by the congeneric Tanytarsus mendax‐type in the late 1970s. A subsequent reversal of water chemistry from acidification starting in the early 1990s was followed by a compositional change towards a more diverse community. The effect of chemical recovery was, however, overwhelmed by rising temperatures. Tiny larvae of more thermophilous Corynoneura scutellata‐type quickly gained dominance in the lake community. Throughout the lake district, C. scutellata‐type significantly shifted towards higher elevations, by more than 100 m per decade.

The absence of significant interactions between recovering water chemistry and rising temperatures suggests independent effects of these processes on chironomid communities. The observed climate‐related compositional shifts towards the dominance of small‐bodied species are in line with the metabolic theory of ecology predicting higher metabolic demands in warmer environments, which can favour smaller, faster growing organisms and may lead to future changes in the ecosystem functioning of alpine lakes in general.

The combination of monitoring and palaeoecological data provided a useful tool for tracking environmental changes. This approach may also help in disentangling the roles of other multiple pressures on aquatic ecosystems. The sensitive responses of shallow Starolesnianske pleso to atmospheric acidification and climate warming suggest that small lentic waterbodies could be useful sentinels of freshwater deterioration, thus deserving special attention in the future monitoring of alpine environments.
‘What is industrial culture anyway?’ Theoretical framing of the concept in economic geography
Authors: Bole David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn geography, industrial culture is a surprisingly understudied concept. Even when it is considered to play a role in the transformation processes of industrial cities or regions, it is not only terminologically diverse, but also lacks a firm theoretical and conceptual basis. This study conceptualises industrial culture and relates it to ongoing debates in various fields of geography by examining a range of literature from geography and related disciplines. This review structures the existing knowledge into four theoretical approaches: social class (Bourdieusian view), anthropological, institutional and evolutionary. Industrial culture is defined as a dynamic phenomenon in which past and present industrial production is embedded in the human physical environment, social structures, cognitive abilities, and institutions that may influence the future development choices of (post)industrial communities. This concept brings a more nuanced view of the less tangible aspects of culture to economic geography to strengthen its theoretical and empirical basis. This study explores how this concept can be integrated into current geographical research, focussing on the interaction between industrial culture and regional development through different approaches in economic geography (e.g., studies of regional assets, evolution of development paths, agency, deindustrialisation, innovation, entrepreneurship).
Prevalence of and factors related to homebound and semi‐homebound older adults in a rural area in Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Sachiko , Imuta Hiromi , Fujita Koji 
Published: October 2021

AimThe homebound status is associated with unhealthy factors and physical disability. However, the prevalence of those who may be at an earlier stage of the homebound status (“semi‐homebound”) is unclear. This study thus examines the prevalence of semi‐homebound individuals and identifies the associated physical, psychological, and social factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study invited 1,157 participants aged 65 years and more in rural Japan. The mean age was 74.7 ± 6.8. The survey questionnaire accounted for different parameters, such as age, sex, homebound status, morbidity, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mental health. Ordinal regression analysis examined participants’ homebound status; socio‐demographic characteristics; and physical, psychological, and social variables.ResultsThe prevalence of the homebound status was 0.11 (95%CI = 0.99–0.13), and the semi‐homebound status was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.28–0.33). In the multivariable analysis, the homebound status was negatively associated with IADL (p < .001), mobility (p < .001), being alone during the day (p < .001), depression and anxiety (p < .05), and self‐efficacy for going out (p < .001).DiscussionThe prevalence of semi‐homebound individuals was approximately 30%. Homebound and semi‐homebound individuals were associated with older, female, IADL, functional fitness, being alone during the day, depression and anxiety, and self‐efficacy for going out. In the case of psychical, psychological, and social factors, the semi‐homebound individuals revealed that these indicators fluctuated between homebound and non‐homebound. Our findings further focused on semi‐homebound individuals at elevated risks of disability, thereby emphasizing the need for customized intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1033–1039.
Influence of access cavity preparation on the dentine thickness of mesial canals of mandibular molars prepared with reciprocating instruments
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Lima Carolina O. , Barbosa Ana Flávia A. , Moreira Thiago , Souza Erick M. , De‐Deus Gustavo , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of traditional and conservative access cavity preparations on the remaining dentine thickness in the coronal third of mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars prepared with reciprocating instruments using micro‐computed tomography as the analytical tool.MethodologySeventy extracted mandibular molars were scanned at a pixel size of 19 μm. From this initial sample, 20 teeth were selected, pair‐matched and distributed into two groups (n = 10) according to the access cavity preparation: traditional (TradAC) or conservative (ConsAC). The root canals were sequentially enlarged with Reciproc Blue R25 (size 25, 0.08v taper) and R40 (size 40, 0.06v taper) instruments. A new scan was performed and the postoperative stacks were coregistered with their respective preoperative datasets. A colour‐coded cross sections of the roots were created and used to identify and measure the smallest dentine thickness related to both MB and ML canals at 1.0‐mm intervals from the furcation level of up to 5 mm in the apical direction, in both mesial and distal aspects of the roots, before and after preparation. The statistical analyses were performed with paired‐samples t‐test, independent‐samples Student T‐test and Chi‐Square test with a significance level of 5%.ResultsAt all levels of both groups, dentine thickness before preparation was greater than after preparation (p < .05). No difference in the percentage of dentine reduction was observed between TradAC and ConsAC groups (p > .05), but a significantly greater reduction was observed to the distal aspect of the roots (p < .05). After root canal preparation, dentine thinner than 0.5 mm was observed mostly along the distal aspect of the root (10% to 15%) of the MB and ML canals, with no influence of the access cavity type on its incidence to either mesial (X2 = 1.66; p = .2) or distal (X2 = 0.40; p = .5) directions. In the TradAC group, dentine thickness in most slices was greater than 1.0 mm after preparation (n = 124) whilst, in the ConsAC, it ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 mm (n = 136).ConclusionTraditional or conservative access cavity preparation in extracted mandibular molars did not influence the remaining dentine thickness in the coronal third of mesial canals enlarged with thermomechanically treated nickel–titanium reciprocating instruments.
Work hours and overtime of nurses working in Cambodian hospitals
Authors: Bae Sung‐Heui , Pen Mom , Sinn Chommrath , Kol Sokry , An Bomi , Yang Sook Ja , Rhee Hyang‐yon , Ha Jaeyoung , Bae Suhyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the nature and prevalence of Cambodian nurses’ work hours and overtime and related factorsBackgroundThe chronic shortage of nursing workforce is a major cause of overtime among nurses.IntroductionNursing shortage and working overtime among nurses negatively affect nurse and patient outcomes, but nurses’ work hours and overtime in Cambodia have not been comprehensively examined.MethodsA multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted in four Cambodian hospitals. Data were collected from 253 nurses providing direct nursing care using a questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used for reporting this study.ResultsMore than a fifth of staff nurses worked more than 48 h, which is the legal work hour limit in Cambodia. Two major reasons for working mandatory or voluntary overtime, on‐call or 24‐h on‐call were (a) not wanting to let down colleagues and (b) able to get all work done. The number of patients cared for was related to whether or not nurses worked 48 h or more.ConclusionOvertime work and adverse nurse scheduling are common in Cambodia.Implications for nursing and health policyNurse managers and healthcare institutes in Cambodia need to monitor Cambodian nurses’ work hours, which are often beyond the legal work hour limit. Moreover, it is important to understand why nurses work overtime and develop health policies, strategies, and programs that can help promote patient and nurse safety and retain qualified nursing staff. The 24‐h on‐call practice needs to be regulated according to the labor policy in healthcare institutes to prevent adverse nurse and patient outcomes.
Niche evolution and historical biogeography of lady slipper orchids in North America and Eurasia
Authors: Liu Huanchu , Jacquemyn Hans , Chen Wei , Janssens Steven B. , He Xingyuan , Yu Shuai , Huang Yanqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimDispersal and subsequent adaptation to local environmental and climatic conditions play major roles in the evolution and current‐day distribution of plants and animals, but their relative importance is not always easy to disentangle. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the terrestrial orchid genus Cypripedium to better understand the role of niche evolution and historical dispersal events in driving the radiation of the genus in North America and Eurasia.LocationNorthern Hemisphere.TaxonCypripedium (Orchidaceae).MethodsWe used a relaxed molecular clock analysis to infer phylogenetic relationships among 45 Cypripedium species and to estimate divergence times. Niche modelling was used to assess the potential distribution of each species in both continents, whereas ancestral area reconstructions using BioGeoBEARS were used to estimate changes in historical biogeography. Subsequently, the ancestral state of niche conditions was assessed for each species using maximum likelihood methods and we tested for phylogenetic signal in the evolution of niche conditions using Blomberg's K and Pagel's λ. A mantel test was used to test for a correlation between phylogenetic distances and niche overlap in Cypripedium.ResultsWe found that Cypripedium originated in Central America and underwent multiple dispersal events between North America and Eurasia after long‐distance seed dispersal or dispersal via the Bering land bridge. The mountainous area of Southwest China provided refuge areas for Cypripedium orchids during episodes of increased glaciation. Our results further showed that Cypripedium has gradually increased its tolerance to seasonal temperature changes, providing evidence for significant niche evolution through time. No significant correlation between current niches and phylogenetic relatedness was observed.Main conclusionsOur study provides clear evidence that repeated dispersal and adaptation to increased cooling after the Eocene−Oligocene Transition has contributed to the radiation of Cypripedium in the Northern Hemisphere.