bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of encephalopathy in perinatal asphyxia score: reaching the unreached
Authors: Doreswamy Srinivasa Murthy , Ramakrishnegowda Amulya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Neonates who develop moderate to severe encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia will benefit from therapeutic hypothermia. Current National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria for identifying encephalopathic neonates needing therapeutic hypothermia has high specificity. This results in correctly identifying neonates who have already developed moderate to severe encephalopathy but miss out many potential beneficiaries who progress to develop moderate to severe encephalopathy later. The need is therefore not just to diagnose encephalopathy, but to predict development of encephalopathy and extend the therapeutic benefit for all eligible neonates. The primary objective of the study was to develop and validate the statistical model for prediction of moderate to severe encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia and compare with current NICHD criteria.

Methods
The study was designed as prospective observational study. It was carried out in a single center Level 3 perinatal unit in India. Neonates>35 weeks of gestation and requiring resuscitation at birth were included. Levels of resuscitation and blood gas lactate were used to determine the pre-test probability, Thompson score between 3 and 5 h of life was used to determine post-test probability of developing encephalopathy. Primary outcome measure: Validation of Prediction of Encephalopathy in Perinatal Asphyxia (PEPA) score by Holdout method.

Results
A total of 55 babies were included in the study. The PEPA score was validated by Holdout method where the fitted receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) area for the training and test sample were comparable (p=0.758). The sensitivity and specificity of various PEPA scores for prediction of encephalopathy ranged between 74 and 100% in contrast to NICHD criteria which was 42%. PEPA score of 30 had a best combination of sensitivity and specificity of 95 and 89% respectively.

Conclusions
PEPA score has a higher sensitivity than NICHD criteria for prediction of Encephalopathy in asphyxiated neonates.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis with filter-based enhancement substrates: A mini review
Authors: Xu Fugang , Xuan Mengren , Ben Zixiang , Shang Wenjuan , Ma Guangran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman is a powerful analytical tool with high sensitivity and unique specificity and promising applications in various branches of analytical chemistry. Despite the fabrication of ingenious enhancement substrate used in laboratory research, the development of simple, flexible, and cost-effective substrate is also great important for promoting the application of SERS in practical analysis. Recently, paper and filter membrane as support to fabricate flexible SERS substrates received considerable attentions. Paper-based SERS substrate has been reviewed but no summary on filter-based SERS substrate is available. Compared with paper, filter membrane has unique advantage in robust mechanics, diverse component, and tunable pore size. These characteristics endow the filter-based substrates great advantages for practical SERS analysis including simple and low-cost substrate preparation, high efficiency in preconcentration, separation and detection procedure. Therefore, filter-based substrates have shown great promise in SERS analysis in environment monitoring, food safety with high sensitivity and efficiency. As more and more work has been emerged, it is necessary to summarize the state of such a research topic. Here, the research on filter involved SERS analysis in the past eight years is summarized. A short introduction was presented to understand the background, and then the brief history of filter-based substrate is introduced. After that, the preparation of filter-based substrate and the role of filter are summarized. Then, the application of filter involved SERS substrate in analysis is presented. Finally, the challenges and perspective on this topic is discussed.
Control-oriented quasi-one dimensional modeling method for scramjet
Authors: Xi Zhihua , Gao Yuan , Liu Minglei , Zhang Haibo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The scramjet model used in the control system needs to consider both accuracy and real-time requirements. In this paper, a quasi-one dimensional component level model method for scramjet is proposed. Under the premise of meeting the real-time requirement, this modeling method has higher calculation accuracy, and can obtain higher thrust performance without exceeding the limits. In order to improve the calculation accuracy of the scramjet model, the boundary layer correction and the interaction between shock wave and boundary layer are considered in the inlet and isolator modeling process by using reference temperature method. For the scramjet compression components, the inlet and isolator models are simplified based on shock train theory to improve real-time performance. Meanwhile, the combustor model and nozzle model are established and the combustor model is established with the combination of equal area and isothermal based on temperature limitation. Considering the boundary layer correction, the accuracy of the inlet and isolator model is improved by 8.79 and 7.9% respectively. Compared with the equal area combustion mode, the combined combustion mode can get higher thrust. In the C + + simulation environment, the average calculation time of each state point is about 25 ms which meets the real-time requirements.
A 2-D Zn(II) coordination polymer based on 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate and bis(benzimidazole) ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence properties
Authors: Xia Xinzhao , Xia Lixian , Zhang Geng , Jiang Yuxuan , Sun Fugang , Wu Huilu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, a new type of zinc(II) coordination polymer {[Zn(HIDC)(BBM)0.5]·H2O}
n
(Zn-CP) was synthesized using 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid (H3IDC) and 2,2-(1,4-butanediyl)bis-1,3-benzimidazole (BBM) under hydrothermal conditions. Its structure has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The Zn(II) ion is linked by the HIDC2− ligand to form a zigzag chain by chelating and bridging, and then linked by BBM to form a layered network structure. Adjacent layers are further connected by hydrogen bond interaction to form a 3-D supramolecular framework. The solid-state fluorescence performance of Zn-CP shows that compared with free H3IDC ligand, its fluorescence intensity is significantly enhanced.
Unraveling the Mechanisms Underlying Irregularities in Inspiratory Rhythm Generation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Oliveira Luiz M. , Baertsch Nathan A. , Moreira Thiago S. , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Takakura Ana C. 
Published: April 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder anatomically characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta (SNpc). Much less known, yet clinically very important, are the detrimental effects on breathing associated with this disease. Consistent with the human pathophysiology, the 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA) rodent model of PD shows reduced respiratory frequency (fR) and NK1r-immunoreactivity in the pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) and PHOX2B+neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN). To unravel mechanisms that underlie bradypnea in PD, we employed a transgenic approach to label or stimulate specific neuron populations in various respiratory-related brainstem regions. PD mice were characterized by a pronounced decreased number of putatively rhythmically active excitatory neurons in the preBötC and adjacent ventral respiratory column (VRC). Specifically, the number of Dbx1 and Vglut2neurons was reduced by 47.6% and 17.3%, respectively. By contrast, inhibitory Vgat+neurons in the VRC, as well as neurons in other respiratory-related brainstem regions, showed relatively minimal or no signs of neuronal loss. Consistent with these anatomic observations, optogenetic experiments identified deficits in respiratory function that were specific to manipulations of excitatory (Dbx1/Vglut2) neurons in the preBötC. We conclude that the decreased number of this critical population of respiratory neurons is an important contributor to the development of irregularities in inspiratory rhythm generation in this mouse model of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found a decreased number of a specific population of medullary neurons which contributes to breathing abnormalities in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Begriff des Zahlungsinstruments und Haftungsverteilung beim CEO-Fraud
Authors: Zahrte Kai 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der BGH hat Ende 2020 grundsätzliche Feststellungen zur Haftung beim sog. CEO-Fraud und zum Begriff des Zahlungs(authentifizierungs)instruments getroffen. Gleichzeitig zeigt er auf, unter welchen Bedingungen Zahlungsdienstleister Kundenaufträge relativ rechtssicher auch per Fax annehmen können. Das Urteil dürfte deswegen Folgen für die Ausgestaltung von Kundenbedingungen im Zahlungsverkehr haben.
Increasing Volume-Targeted Ventilation Use in the NICU
Authors: Hatch L. Dupree , Sala Christa , Araya Wendy , Rivard Matthew , Bolton Joyce , Rivard Amanda , Morris Emily A. , McNeer Elizabeth , Guttentag Susan H. , Grubb Peter H. , Stark Ann R. , Markham Melinda H. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:
In preterm infants who require mechanical ventilation (MV), volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) modes are associated with lower rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with pressure-limited ventilation. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates in our NICU were higher than desired, prompting quality improvement initiatives to improve MV by increasing the use of VTV.

METHODS:
We implemented and tested interventions over a 3-year period. Primary outcomes were the percentage of conventional MV hours when any-VTV mode was used and the percentage of conventional MV hours when an exclusively VTV mode was used. Exclusively VTV modes were modes in which all breaths were volume targeted. We evaluated outcomes during 3 project periods: baseline (May 2016–December 2016); epoch 1 (December 2016–October 2018), increasing the use of any-VTV mode; and epoch 2 (October 2018–November 2019), increasing the use of exclusively VTV modes.

RESULTS:
Use of any-VTV mode increased from 18 694 of 22 387 (83%) MV hours during baseline to 72 846 of 77 264 (94%) and 58 174 of 60 605 (96%) MV hours during epochs 1 and 2, respectively (P &lt; .001). Use of exclusively VTV increased from 5967 of 22 387 (27%) during baseline to 47 364 of 77 264 (61%) and 46 091 of 60 605 (76%) of all conventional MV hours during epochs 1 and 2, respectively (P &lt; .001). In statistical process control analyses, multiple interventions were associated with improvements in primary outcomes. Measured clinical outcomes were unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS:
Quality improvement interventions were associated with improved use of VTV but no change in measured clinical outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dynamics in Children and Household Contacts in a Slum in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Lugon Pâmella , Fuller Trevon , Damasceno Luana , Calvet Guilherme , Resende Paola Cristina , Matos Aline Rocha , Machado Fumian Tulio , Malta Fábio Correia , Salgado Aline Dessimoni , Fernandes Fernanda Christina Morone , Abreu de Carvalho Liege Maria , Guaraldo Lusiele , Bastos Leonardo , Cruz Oswaldo Gonçalves , Whitworth James , Smith Chris , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Siqueira Marilda , Carvalho Marilia Sa , Brasil Patricia 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a vulnerable population of children and their household contacts.

METHODS
SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunoglobulin G serology tests were performed in children and their household contacts after enrollment during primary health care clinic visits. Participants were followed prospectively with subsequent specimens collected through household visits in Manguinhos, an impoverished urban slum (a favela) in Rio de Janeiro at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and quarterly post study enrollment.

RESULTS
Six hundred sixty-seven participants from 259 households were enrolled from May to September 2020. This included 323 children (0–13 years), 54 adolescents (14–19 years), and 290 adults. Forty-five (13.9%) children had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction. SARS-CoV-2 infection was most frequent in children aged &lt;1 year (25%) and children aged 11 to 13 years (21%). No child had severe COVID-19 symptoms. Asymptomatic infection was more prevalent in children aged &lt;14 years than in those aged ≥14 years (74.3% and 51.1%, respectively). All children (n = 45) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an adult contact with evidence of recent infection.

CONCLUSIONS
In our setting, children do not seem to be the source of SARS-CoV-2 infection and most frequently acquire the virus from adults. Our findings suggest that, in settings such as ours, schools and child care potentially may be reopened safely if adequate COVID-19 mitigation measures are in place and staff are appropriately immunized.
A literature review on the affective factors that influence data-driven decision-making
Authors: Sebestyén Edmond 
Published: April 2021

AbstractData-driven decision-making (DDDM) has been playing an increasing role in contemporary teaching, since it includes systematic collection, analysis, and application of data to improve students’ educational performance. However, little is known about the affective factors that influence this data-based practice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to systematically examine previous research on the affective factors that influence DDDM based on the following criteria: (1) the level of DDDM usage; (2) the emphasis of affective factors; and (3) the nature of the interventions and their effects on teachers. According to the findings, this literature review showed how little DDDM-related affective factors have been researched, even though the knowledge of DDDM can help expand its application in the educational field. For example, although the most widely used tool is the Data-Driven Decision-Making Efficacy and Anxiety Inventory (3D-MEA), which has shown promising results in terms of measuring the efficacy and development of data literacy, other affective components have yet to be tested, due to their novelty in the field. The implication of the findings is that obtaining more information about DDDM and its affective elements can help reduce teachers’ anxiety toward this approach and ultimately enhance the overall educational process.
Influence of the specimen production and preparation on the compressive strength and the fatigue resistance of HPC and UHPC
Authors: Basaldella Marco , Oneschkow Nadja , Lohaus Ludger 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe results of tests under monotonically increasing load and cyclic compression load are often analysed by means of probabilistic methods. Although there is a considerable scattering in the results, especially in the number of cycles to failure, the cause of these cannot be completely explained. The imperfections of the specimens tested are among the causes of this scattering mentioned in the literature. Based on a round robin test the influence of HPC and UHPC production and specimen preparation techniques on the mean values of the compressive strengths, number of cycles to failure and data scattering have been evaluated. The main findings of the study are that the production techniques have an influence on the compressive strength, however, do not affect the mean number of cycles to failure. Moreover, the accurate preparation of the specimens has a positive influence on the compressive strength and the scattering of the results of both compression and cyclic load tests. The mean number of cycles to failure of HPC specimens is not influenced by the preparation techniques, whereas the polishing technique may have a positive influence on the mean number of cycles to failure of UHPC specimens.
A Rare Autosomal Dominant Variant in Regulator of Calcineurin Type 1 (RCAN1) Gene Confers Enhanced Calcineurin Activity and May Cause FSGS
Authors: Lane Brandon M. , Murray Susan , Benson Katherine , Bierzynska Agnieszka , Chryst-Stangl Megan , Wang Liming , Wu Guanghong , Cavalleri Gianpiero , Doyle Brendan , Fennelly Neil , Dorman Anthony , Conlon Shane , Vega-Warner Virginia , Fermin Damian , Vijayan Poornima , Qureshi Mohammad Azfar , Shril Shirlee , Barua Moumita , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Pollak Martin , Howell David , Sampson Matthew G. , Saleem Moin , Conlon Peter J. , Spurney Robert , Gbadegesin Rasheed 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
Whole-genome sequencing of 320 individuals with nephrotic syndrome (NS) of unclear genetic etiology and data from several independent patient cohorts provided insight into the genetic architecture of the condition. The strategy identified a disease-causing autosomal dominant mutation in regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) that increased cellular calcineurin (CN) activity, NFAT (NF of activated T cells) activation, and susceptibility to apoptosis of podocytes in vitro. Inhibition of an RCAN regulator, GSK-3β, rescued the increased CN activation. Mutations in RCAN1 are a novel cause of NS and reveal a potential target for developing personalized therapy.

Background
Podocyte dysfunction is the main pathologic mechanism driving the development of FSGS and other morphologic types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Despite significant progress, the genetic causes of most cases of SRNS have yet to be identified.

Methods
Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 320 individuals from 201 families with familial and sporadic NS/FSGS with no pathogenic mutations in any known NS/FSGS genes.

Results
Two variants in the gene encoding regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) segregate with disease in two families with autosomal dominant FSGS/SRNS. In vitro, loss of RCAN1 reduced human podocyte viability due to increased calcineurin activity. Cells expressing mutant RCAN1 displayed increased calcineurin activity and NFAT activation that resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptosis compared with wild-type RCAN1. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors ameliorated this elevated calcineurin activity, suggesting the mutation alters the balance of RCAN1 regulation by GSK-3β, resulting in dysregulated calcineurin activity and apoptosis.

Conclusions
These data suggest mutations in RCAN1 can cause autosomal dominant FSGS. Despite the widespread use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of NS, genetic mutations in a direct regulator of calcineurin have not been implicated in the etiology of NS/FSGS before this report. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting RCAN1 regulatory molecules, such as GSK-3β, in the treatment of FSGS.
New Insights into the Lake Erie Fault System from the 2019 ML 4.0 Ohio Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Yao Dongdong , Huang Yihe , Fox Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of the 10 June 2019 ML 4.0 Ohio earthquake sequence, which is the largest earthquake that struck Lake County, northeastern Ohio, since 1986. This sequence is well recorded by local seismic networks, which provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the local seismotectonics. We utilize a waveform-based cross-correlation method to identify ∼12 times more events than reported by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog: the whole sequence started with several small earthquakes (ML 1–2) beginning 12 March 2019, and the last one occurred ∼1min immediately before the ML 4.0 mainshock; many previously unreported aftershocks (ML 0.3–2.2) are found, which were active for the first week after the mainshock; another major sequence with a 7 December 2019 ML 2.6 mainshock occurred and also started with a few smaller events beginning in mid-November and was followed by its own aftershocks. The relocated seismicity delineates a linear feature, orientation of which is consistent with the resolved focal plane that may correspond to the ruptured fault. Our results highlight that closer monitoring of local seismicity is crucial for understanding the seismotectonics and mitigating future seismic hazard around the southern Great Lakes.
High-Quality Revision of the Israeli Seismic Bulletin
Authors: Schardong Lewis , Horin Yochai Ben , Ziv Alon , Myers Stephen C. , Wust-Bloch Hillel , Radzyner Yael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seismic bulletins, with trustworthy phase picks, origin times, and source locations are key for regional seismic studies, such as travel-time (TT) tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies. To lay the groundwork for such studies in Israel, we revised the seismic bulletin of Israel and the surrounding area and obtained a trustworthy TT data set. From the earthquake and explosion bulletins of the Geophysical Institute of Israel, we compiled a starting data set of about 123,000 earthquakes and explosions that occurred during the past 40 yr. After screening out the poorly recorded events, we were left with a data set of ∼38,000 well-recorded events. We then revised the remaining data set in two consecutive steps. In the first, we reviewed and updated station metadata, including changes in station metadata parameters over time. In the second step, we jointly relocated a list of selected seismic events, using the Bayesian hierarchical location software package (BayesLoc) of Myers et al. (2007) that performs joint relocation of multiple events. We observed striking dissimilarities between the spatial distributions of the newly relocated catalog and the initial locations. Although the depth distribution of the starting catalog is trimodal with peaks at 0, 5, and 10 km, the distribution in this study is unimodal, with a broad peak between 7.5 and 12.5 km. By differencing the observed arrival times and the origin times obtained through relocation with BayesLoc, we obtained a revised TT database that consists of 261,336 Pg, 132,876 Pn, 114,816 Sg, and 60,394 Sn arrivals, from a set of 30,458 jointly relocated seismic sources. We compared prerevision and postrevision TTs as a function of epicentral distance and concluded that the revised data set contains far fewer outliers and inconsistencies than the original data set. The revised TT data set may be used for seismic studies, such as TT tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies.
A 24-Yr-Long Seismic Bulletin for the European Arctic
Authors: Schweitzer Johannes , Paulsen Berit , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Fedorov Andrey V. , Konechnaya Yana V. , Asming Vladimir E. , Pirli Myrto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo understand the seismic activity in the European Arctic, the seismic bulletins for the region should be as complete as possible. We present the collection results of a new seismic event bulletin of the European Arctic (70° to 90° N, −15° to 75° E) for the 24-yr-long period 1990–2013. The contribution describes in detail the merging of the different sources taken in account for the compilation, the homogenization of the data, and the relocation of the seismic events. With respect to the International Seismological Centre bulletin, the new bulletin contains 5957 new seismic events and 58,242 new seismic onset readings from stations mostly located at regional distances. The gains are distributed over the entire study region, with the most significant contributions across the Svalbard archipelago, along the Knipovich and northern Mohns ridges, as well as northern Fennoscandia.