bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient, staff empowerment and hand hygiene bundle improved and sustained hand hygiene in hospital wards
Authors: Chong Chia Yin , Catahan Marionette A , Lim Siok Hong , Jais Thuraiya , Kaur Gian , Yin Shanqing , de Korne Dirk , Thoon Koh Cheng , Ng Kee Chong 
Published: April 2021

AimWe piloted a hand hygiene (HH) project in a ward, focusing on World Health Organization moments 1 and 4. Our aim was to design highly reliable interventions to achieve >90% compliance.MethodsBaseline HH compliance was 57 and 67% for moments 1, 4, respectively, in 2015. After the pilot ward showed sustained improvement, we launched the ‘HH bundle’ throughout the hospital. This included: (i) appointment of HH champions; (ii) verbal/visual bedside reminders; (iii) patient empowerment; (iv) hand moisturisers; (v) tagging near‐empty handrub (HR) bottles. Other hospital‐wide initiatives included: (vi) Smartphone application for auditing; (vii) ‘Speak up for Patient Safety’ Campaign in 2017 for staff empowerment; (viii) making HH a key performance indicator.ResultsOverall HH compliance increased from a baseline median of 79.6–92.6% in end‐2019. Moments 1 and 4 improved from 71 to 92.7% and from 77.6 to 93.2%, respectively. Combined HR and hand wash consumption increased from a baseline median of 82.6 ml/patient day (PD) to 109.2 mL/PD. Health‐care‐associated rotavirus infections decreased from a baseline median of 4.5 per 10 000 PDs to 1.5 per 10 000 PDs over time.ConclusionsThe ‘HH Bundle’ of appointing HH champions, active reminders and feedback, patient education and empowerment, availability of hand moisturisers, tagging near‐empty hand rub bottles together with hospital‐wide initiatives including financial incentives and the ‘Speak Up for Patient Safety’ campaign successfully improved the overall HH compliance to >90%. These interventions were highly reliable, sustained over 4 years and also reduced health‐care‐associated rotavirus infection rates.
Null‐model analysis and changes in species interactions in biocrusts along a successional gradient in the Tengger Desert, northern China
Authors: Sun Jingyao , Li Xinrong , Jia Rongliang , Chen Ning , Zhang Tian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsIn arid regions, the succession of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) usually accompanies substantial turnover of community composition. How interspecific interactions among biocrust‐forming mosses, lichens, algae and cyanobacteria change along the successional gradient is largely unknown. According to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), the frequency or intensity of facilitative and competitive interactions within the community will vary along an environmental stress gradient, with an increasing role of competition relative to facilitation under more benign environmental conditions. In the process of biocrust succession, decreasing soil stress also occurs because of slow soil amelioration, which meets the assumption of the SGH. Therefore, we hypothesize that the changes in facilitative and competitive interactions within biocrust communities will follow the prediction of the SGH and that the nature of biocrust interactions will also change.LocationSand‐binding vegetation belts for the Baotou–Lanzhou railway at the southeast fringe of the Tengger Desert in the Shapotou region of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, western China.MethodsWe conducted a field evaluation at five adjacent sand‐binding vegetation belts built in chronosequence to study the successional gradient. Small‐scale patterns of co‐occurrence and null models were used to evaluate the community‐level interspecific interactions among the biocrust‐forming mosses, lichens, algae and cyanobacteria. In addition, an accessory method of species‐pair co‐occurrence based on null models was also applied to potentially identify the nature of the interspecific interactions within the biocrusts and for the causal investigation of these patterns.ResultsA strong spatial segregation of co‐occurrence patterns occurred between cyanobacteria and algae and species of mosses and lichens at early succession, and occurred among species of mosses and lichens at late succession, while the weak spatial aggregation between lichen species only occurred at middle succession.ConclusionsNegative interspecific interactions were prevalent within biocrusts throughout succession. The co‐occurrence patterns at both the community and species‐pair levels are consistent, supporting the unimodal version of the SGH that species interactions shift toward competition under extremely stressed conditions. Given the lack of research on interspecific interactions in biocrusts, our study is important for obtaining a deeper understanding of biocrust succession.
Crohn’s disease with dilated cardiomyopathy in a child: An experience with heart transplantation
Authors: Konduri Anusha , Blake Jennifer , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDCM has rarely been reported in children with CD, but is a recognized complication in adults. DCM with uncontrolled heart failure may need heart transplantation, which could be challenging in CD.Case DescriptionWe present a 9‐year‐old female with CD who was diagnosed with DCM and a measured Ejection fraction ~25.8%. She was initiated on heart failure treatment, but continued to have progressive symptoms and underwent bicaval OHT three months after her initial presentation. Her post‐operative course was complicated by perforation of the rectosigmoid junction requiring exploratory laparotomy and primary repair of the perforation. This was believed to be secondary to her underlying CD and possibly reperfusion injury after heart transplant. During the first‐year post heart transplant, she had 4 episodes of acute cellular rejection. These episodes were treated with high dose steroids with good results. The patient has been in remission from CD since transplantation. For the last two years she is doing well, with no further rejection episodes on current immunosuppression.ConclusionDCM, though rare, can occur in patients with CD, whether active or in remission. The development of DCM could be insidious and keeping a high index of suspicion is important and subtle signs suggestive of cardiac involvement should warrant further investigation. The post‐transplant management can be challenging with early morbidity in the first post‐transplant year but overall good median survival and quality of life for our patient to date.
Antioxidant effects of supplementation of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl glycol on sperm parameters and oxidative markers following cryopreservation in canine semen
Authors: Shakouri Nastaran , Soleimanzadeh Ali , Rakhshanpour Alaleh , Bucak Mustafa Numan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSupplementing the extender with antioxidants with low molecular weight can enhance the quality of the post‐thaw sperm during the freezing process. This study was aimed at determining the impacts of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl glycol (DHPG) on the spermatozoa of the canine undergoing freeze‐thawing process. In this study, 24 ejaculates were obtained from three mixed‐breed dogs and were diluted in a Tris‐based extender. The diluted semen was divided into aliquots for supplementation of 10, 30, 50 and 70 µg/ml of DHPG, control (without antioxidant) and control sham (DMSO). After being extended, the semen was equilibrated at a temperature of 4°C and then transferred to the straws and kept 4 cm above the liquid nitrogen for 20 min and was finally immersed in the liquid nitrogen. They were cryopreserved for seven days; then, sperm parameters including sperm motility evaluation, motility characteristics, viability, DNA and plasma membrane integrity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione content (GSH), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) activity malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated. This study showed that spermatozoa cryopreservation with 50, 30 and 70 µg/ml of DHPG concentrations had better progressive motility, Curvilinear Velocity, Linearity, viability, intact plasma membrane and the levels of TAC, GPx and GSH were higher than the control group. The 50, 30 and 70 µg/ml of DHPG concentrations led to the significant decrease of DNA damage compared to the control group. Total motility, average path velocity, straight‐line velocity and CAT activity were significantly improved in 30 and 50 µg/ml of DHPG concentrations, compared to the control group. Also, the 50 and 30 µg/ml of DHPG concentrations, decreased MDA levels compared to the other groups, significantly. In conclusion, our study showed that the addition 50 µg/ml of DHPG to the canine semen extender improved the semen characteristics and oxidative markers in the cryopreservation process.
Market reactions to enterprise risk management adoption, incorporation by rating agencies, and ORSA Act passage
Authors: Eastman Evan M. , Xu Jianren 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrior literature on Enterprise Risk Management's (ERM) value implications focuses on cost–benefit analyses of implementing an ERM program. We take a novel approach by examining the implementation dynamics and study whether the timing of firms' adoption affects ERM's value implication. We find that firms experienced positive (negative) abnormal returns when adopting ERM following (before) 2005 when Standard & Poor's (S&P) issued their ERM‐related rating criteria. We also find evidence that ERM firms experienced positive abnormal market reactions to this rating criteria change by S&P but find no evidence for the following change by A.M. Best. In addition, our study documents that the market rewarded ERM adopters and penalized nonadopters after November 2011 on key dates leading to the passage of the Own Risk Solvency Assessment (ORSA) Act when there was less uncertainty regarding ultimate passage of the Act. Overall, our results imply that the capital market's view on ERM is shaped by rating agency and regulatory changes. Our findings are also consistent with the view that investors gain a greater understanding of ERM over time.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ezzatvar Yasmin , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L. , Martínez‐Velilla Nicolás , Zambom‐Ferraresi Fabricio , Lobelo Felipe , Izquierdo Mikel , García‐Hermoso Antonio 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionThe inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in apparently healthy populations has been previously reported; however, the existence of this association among adults diagnosed with cancer is unclear.AimTo determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer.MethodsMedline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Eligible prospective cohort studies that examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from studies for all‐cause mortality and pooled HRs were calculated using the random‐effects inverse‐variance model with the Hartung‐Knapp‐Sidik‐Jonkman adjustment.ResultsData from 13 studies with 6,486 adults were included. Compared with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, high levels were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality among adults diagnosed with any cancer (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35–0.77), lung cancer (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.83), and among those with cardiorespiratory fitness measurement via indirect calorimetry (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27–0.80). Pooled HRs for the reduction in all‐cause mortality risk per 1‐MET increase were also statistically significant (HR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.99). Neither age at baseline nor the length of follow‐up had a significant influence on the HR estimates for all‐cause mortality risk.ConclusionCardiorespiratory fitness may confer an independent protective benefit against all‐cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer. The use of cardiorespiratory fitness as a prognostic parameter might help determine risk for future adverse clinical events and optimize therapeutic management strategies to reduce long‐term treatment‐related effects in adults diagnosed with cancer.
A case series of canine cutaneous inverted papilloma with one case showing evidence of recurrence
Authors: Boehm Teresa M.S.A. , Bettenay Sonya , von Bomhard Wolf , Majzoub‐Altweck Monir , Klinger Christoph J. , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThis article describes a case of multiple, recurrent, cutaneous inverted papillomas (CIPs) in a German shepherd dog, combined with a retrospective follow‐up assessment of eight cases.MethodsA 3‐year‐old, black, female German shepherd dog presented with four rapidly growing, alopecic, domed, hyperpigmented, shiny nodules, compatible with CIP. The dog was managed for pruritus, associated with atopic dermatitis, with long‐term prednisolone therapy and this therapy was continued after the surgical excision. Twelve months after the initial presentation the dog was represented for two new CIP lesions, coinciding with an increased dosage of prednisolone during an allergic flare‐up period.ResultsHistopathological evaluation was conducted on both the original and subsequent lesions from the case with recurrence. Eight cases of CIP, based on histopathological findings, were identified retrospectively from the authors’ diagnostic pathology service over the previous two years. All nine cases had lesions that exhibited varying degrees of inverted epithelial hyperplasia, multiple, endophytic, papillary epidermal projections, a cup‐shaped base with central hyperkeratosis and active viral pathological findings (koilocytes). The submitting veterinarians were contacted and follow‐up regarding recurrence and concurrent medications was obtained.Conclusions and clinical importanceCIP is uncommonly reported, typically as a single lesion with no previous reports of recurrence, although one group of dogs with severe combined immunodeficiency developed invasive malignancies. In seven of eight retrospective cases no recurrence of CIP was recorded. The authors speculate that the recurrence in the German shepherd dog may have been associated with chronic (although low‐dose) glucocorticoid administration.
Evolutionary history of Heptapteridae catfishes using ultraconserved elements (Teleostei, Siluriformes)
Authors: Silva Gabriel S. C. , Roxo Fábio F. , Melo Bruno F. , Ochoa Luz E. , Bockmann Flávio A. , Sabaj Mark H. , Jerep Fernando C. , Foresti Fausto , Benine Ricardo C. , Oliveira Claudio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeptapteridae is composed of 228 valid species allocated in 24 genera, making it the most diverse family within superfamily Pimelodoidea, a clade endemic to the Neotropical freshwaters. Heptapterids are widely distributed from southern Mexico to the Pampas of Argentina and occupy a variety of habitats generally in small‐ to medium‐sized rivers. To evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Heptapteridae, we used a matrix with 1,319 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from the genome from 56 specimens spanning 42 species and 24 genera of Heptapteridae and 19 related siluriform taxa. Maximum likelihood, Bayesian and coalescent‐based analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Heptapteridae and confirmed previous hypotheses of a sister relationship between Heptapteridae and Conorhynchos conirostris. We provide the evidence to recognize two subfamilies: (1) Rhamdiinae (Goeldiella, Rhamdella, Rhamdia, Brachyrhamdia, Pimelodella) and (2) Heptapterinae; with two tribes: Brachyglaniini new tribe (Gladioglanis, Myoglanis, Brachyglanis and Leptorhamdia) and Heptapterini (Mastiglanis, Chasmocranus, Cetopsorhamdia, Pariolius, Phenacorhamdia, Nemuroglanis, Imparfinis, Taunayia, Rhamdioglanis, Acentronichthys, Rhamdiopsis and Heptapterus). Inside Heptapterini, we recognize five subclades and provide putative morphological synapomorphies. This paper represents the first molecular hypothesis of intergeneric and interspecific relationships helping to better delineate heptapterid taxa.
VALIDACIÓN JUDICIAL DE ACUERDOS PRIVADOS DE REORGANIZACIÓN: UN EJEMPLO DE LA “PRIVATIZACIÓN” DEL DERECHO CONCURSAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Talero Castro Diana Lucía , Wilches Durán Rafael E. 
Published: April 2021

El artículo 84 de la Ley 1116 del 2006 introdujo al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano una norma que permite que acuerdos privados de reorganización tengan los mismos efectos que los celebrados dentro de un procedimiento judicial de insolvencia de los regulados por dicha ley. Con lo anterior, el derecho colombiano da otro paso adelante en lo que podría denominarse la “privatización del Derecho concursal”, fenómeno que viene observándose desde años atrás, no sólo en Colombia sino en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos.En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio detallado de la figura de la validación judicial de acuerdos privados de reorganización en Colombia,para comprender los efectos e implicaciones que la misma posee con respecto al Derecho concursal colombiano.
Reductions in Unburned Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions From an Ammonia-Assisted Diesel Engine With Early Timing Diesel Pilot Injection
Authors: Niki Yoichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The global drive to limit the effects of climate change affords a strong incentive to reduce CO2 emissions. H2 is one of the cleanest energy sources, because its combustion does not produce CO2. It is well known that NH3 stores as well as carries H2 and does not produce CO2 on combustion. NH3 has been investigated for its use as an alternative fuel and for use in internal combustion engines. Investigations of NH3 and N2O emissions from NH3-assisted diesel engines operated using NH3–diesel dual fuel have been scarce. NH3 and N2O cause air pollution and are toxic to humans; therefore, these pollutants should be reduced to acceptable levels. In addition, N2O is a greenhouse gas with high global warming potential. In this study, a combustion strategy was developed to reduce NH3 and N2O emissions from an NH3-assisted diesel engine. NH3 and diesel fuel worked as low- and high-reactivity fuels, respectively, in our strategy for reactivity-controlled compression ignition combustion. The present paper reports the insights obtained from an understanding of the chemical processes of diesel fuel ignition and NH3 decomposition. Experiments revealed the effects of advancing diesel pilot injection timing on emissions and combustion performance, and the manipulation of combustion phasing using a change in the amount of injected diesel fuel and NH3. Finally, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions considering the global warming effects of N2O was estimated using an NH3-assisted diesel engine that applied the proposed combustion strategy.
Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Two Degrees-of-Freedom Sprung Cylinder With a Rotational Nonlinear Energy Sink: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Gu Chaojie , Zhang Ruihua , Liu Jiaying , Guo Dian , Marzocca Pier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a common fluid–structure interaction phenomenon in the field of wind engineering and marine engineering. The large-amplitude VIV has a marked impact on the slender structure in fluids, at times even destructive. To study how the VIV can be controlled, the dynamics of a rigid cylinder attached to a rotational nonlinear energy sink (R-NES) is investigated in this paper. This is done using a two degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) Van der Pol wake oscillator model adapted to consider a coupled vibration in cross-flow and streamwise directions. The governing equation of R-NES is coupled to the wake oscillator model; hence, a flow-cylinder–NES coupled system is established. While exploring the dynamics of the cylinders with different mass ratios under the action of R-NES, it was found that the R-NES delivers better performance in suppressing the VIV of a cylinder with high mass ratios than that of a low mass ratios cylinder. The effect of the distinct parameters of R-NES on VIV response was also systematically investigated in this study. The results indicate that higher mass parameter β and rotation radius r̂ can lead to improved performance, while the effect of the damping parameter ξ is complex and appears to be linked to the mass ratio of the column structure.
Observations From an Empirical Study of the Workspaced Activity of Design Teams
Authors: Tang J. C. , Leifer L. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Small group design sessions were studied empirically to better understand collaborative work. Shared workspace activity — the listing, drawing and gesturing of the group — was studied in order to guide the design, development, and introduction of tools to support group work. An understanding of workspace activity needs to include the role of gestures, the use of the workspace to develop ideas, and the use of the workspace to help mediate interaction. The following observations of group workspace activity are reported:
• gestures, and the relationship of gestures to the workspace, convey important information
• the process of storing information can be problematic
• the process of expressing ideas conveys information beyond the resulting artifacts created
• listing, drawing, and gesturing activities fluently intermix
• orientation, amount of simultaneous access, and proximity to the workspace structure the use of the workspace
These observations are illustrated with examples from the video data.
Quantitative Inference in a Mechanical Design “Compiler”
Authors: Ward A. C. , Seering W. P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces the theory underlying a computer program that takes as input a schematic of a mechanical or hydraulic power transmission system, plus specifications and a utility function, and returns catalog numbers from predefined catalogs for the optimal selection of components implementing the design. Unlike programs for designing single components or systems, this program provides the designer with a high level “language“ in which to compose new designs. It then performs much of the detailed design process.
The process of “compilation”, or transformation from a high to a low level description, is based on a formalization of quantitative inferences about hierarchically organized sets of artifacts and operating conditions. This allows design compilation without the exhaustive enumeration of alternatives. The paper introduces the formalism, illustrating its use with examples. It then outlines some differences from previous work, and summarizes early tests and conclusions.
Application of Variational Geometry to the Analysis of Mechanical Tolerances
Authors: Martino P. M. , Gabriele G. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The proper selection of tolerances is an important part of mechanical design that can have a significant impact on the cost and quality of the final product. Yet, despite their importance, current techniques for tolerance design are rather primitive and often based on experience and trial and error. Better tolerance design methods have been proposed but are seldom used because of the difficulty in formulating the necessary design equations for practical problems.
In this paper we propose a technique for the automatic formulation of the design equations, or design functions, which is based on the use of solid models and variational geometry. A prototype system has been developed which can model conventional and statistical tolernaces, and a limited set of geometric tolerances. The prototype system is limited to the modeling of single parts, but can perform both a worst case analysis and a statistical analysis. Results on several simple parts with known characteristics are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the system and the types of analysis it can perform. The paper concludes with a discussion of extensions to the prototype system to a broader range of geometry and the handling of assemblies.