bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Tungsten on Graphene with Unique Coordination Enabling Kinetically Boosted Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Peng , Xi Baojuan , Zhang Zhengchunyu , Huang Man , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUse of catalytic materials is regarded as the most desirable strategy to cope with sluggish kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) transformation and severe shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with 100 % atom‐utilization are advantagous in serving as anchoring and electrocatalytic centers for LiPSs. Herein, a novel kind of tungsten (W) SAC immobilized on nitrogen‐doped graphene (W/NG) with a unique W‐O2N2‐C coordination configuration and a high W loading of 8.6 wt % is proposed by a self‐template and self‐reduction strategy. The local coordination environment of W atom endows the W/NG with elevated LiPSs adsorption ability and catalytic activity. LSBs equipped with W/NG modified separator manifest greatly improved electrochemical performances with high cycling stability over 1000 cycles and ultrahigh rate capability. It indicates high areal capacity of 6.24 mAh cm−2 with robust cycling life at a high sulfur mass loading of 8.3 mg cm−2.
Innervation of the wrist joint: Literature review and clinical implications
Authors: Bonczar Tomasz , Bonczar Mariusz , Pękala Jakub R. , Mann Mitchell R. , Walocha Jerzy A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to review the literature on the innervation of the wrist with an emphasis on pathological and therapeutic aspects. The nerves involved in wrist innervation and their mechanoreceptor endings are described. The literature over the past 30 years includes several topics that are still subjects of discussion and debate and require further research.
Baohuoside I Inhibits the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Apoptosis Signaling and NF‐kB Pathway
Authors: Sun Yunlong , Pang Bo , Wang Yingzhe , Xiao Jinglei , Jiang Dacheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBaohuoside I is a flavonoid isolated from Epimedium koreanum Nakai and has many pharmacological activities. However, its role in liver cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Baohuoside I on the Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cell lines QGY7703, and underlying mechanisms. QGY7703 cells were used as the model to assess the function of Baohuoside I in vitro. The effects of Baohuoside I on QGY7703 cells’ growth, proliferation, and invasiveness were confirmed by CCK‐8, lactate dehydrogenase release, and invasion assays. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the levels of cleaved Caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 were quantified by western blot. Western blot analysis, nuclear translocation of NF‐κB, and Q‐PCR were used to measure the expression of affected molecules. In QGY7703 cells, Baohuoside I induced the expression of molecules related to NF‐κB pathway. The toxicity of Baohuoside I on QGY7703 cells was also confirmed in vivo, in a tumor model. Baohuoside I had a significant toxic effect on QGY7703 cells from a concentration of 10 μM. This compound significantly inhibited the proliferation of QGY7703 cells by inducing apoptosis and downregulating NF‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, Baohuoside I is a novel candidate drug and opens new possibilities of clinical strategies for HCC treatment.
Synthesis of Semi‐Aromatic Di‐Block Polyesters by Terpolymerization of Macrolactones, Epoxides, and Anhydrides
Authors: D'Auria Ilaria , Santulli Federica , Ciccone Francesca , Giannattasio Alessia , Mazzeo Mina , Pappalardo Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, the catalytic behavior of a phenoxy‐imine aluminum catalyst and of a bimetallic salen aluminum complex in ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of macrolactones such as ω‐pentadecalactone (PDL), ω‐6‐hexadecenlactone (HDL) and ethylene brassylate (EB), and in the ring‐opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA) is described. A significant difference in terms of activity emerged between the two catalysts in the ROP of the macrolactones, while similar behaviors were observed in the ROCOP process. The synthesis of diblock polyesters, by combination of two distinct processes, was performed in a one‐pot procedure. The semi‐aromatic polyester block was formed first, followed by the polyethylene‐like portion produced by ROP of macrolactones.
Tetra‐Heteroatom‐Doped Ultra‐Mesoporous Carbon from Polyphosphazene for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Qiu Munan , Zhang Shuangkun , Li Min , Abbas Yasir , Yang Fan , Miao Zhenwei , Liu Wei , Qi Shengli , Wu Zhanpeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractApplying multi‐heteroatoms doping strategy to prepare porous carbon materials with high surface area has been demonstrated to be effective for enhancing electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this study, N, P, O, and Si tetra‐atoms‐doped hierarchically micro‐/mesoporous carbon with ultrahigh surface area is fabricated from crosslinked‐linear poly(diaryloxyphosphazene) precursor by using silica which serves as both template and dopant. The surface area and heteroatoms doping content of the synthesized carbons are tailored by tuning silica dosage and carbonization temperature. The tetra‐atoms‐doped mesoporous carbon exhibits an ultrahigh surface area of 3,132 m2/g with enriched heteroatoms content (22 at%), which contribute to the capacitive performance. The as‐fabricated tetra‐atoms‐doped carbon symmetric cell displays outstanding specific capacitance of 288.8 F/g (0.5 A/g) (539.8 F/g in three‐electrode system) with high remaining capacitance of 226.1 F/g at 10 A/g and excellent cycling stability (97.7 % capacity retention after 5,000 cycles at 10 A/g). This study suggests an effective multi‐heteroatoms‐doping approach to synthesize mesoporous carbon materials for high performance electrochemical conversion and storage devices.
An enhanced authentication scheme for Internet of Things and cloud based on elliptic curve cryptography
Authors: Bhuarya Pallavi , Chandrakar Preeti , Ali Rifaqat , Sharaff Aakanksha 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAuthentication plays a fundamental role in achieving security over unreliable channels. Authentication is a technique that lets an entity verify the identity of other communicating entities. There are a plethora of authentication schemes available in recent times. A short time ago, Kumari et al. offered an authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for Internet of Things (IoT) and professed that their design defends various security attacks. We examined Kumari et al.'s scheme and detected some loopholes like (1) inefficient login phase, (2) inefficient authentication phase, (3) known session‐specific temporary information attack, (4) denial‐of‐service (DoS) attack, and (5) lack of password changing phase. To eradicate all these flaws, we present an enhanced authentication protocol utilizing ECC for deployment in the field of IoT using cloud servers. This protocol uses hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) cookies to authenticate clients. The developed protocol provides various security features and able to counter various security attacks. The security analysis validates that the extended scheme is potent. We simulate our protocol in Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool that evaluates the safety of the scheme in the presence of an adversary. We compare the proposed scheme with some similar schemes in respect of computation cost, estimated time, storage cost, communication cost, and security features.
Delaying the temperature fluctuations through PCM integrated building walls—Room conditions, PCM placement, and temperature of the heat sources
Authors: Islam Md Nahidul , Ahmed Dewan Hasan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are well accepted by the researchers to reduce the temperature fluctuation and also the cooling load of a building. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4.10H2O) is used as PCM and incorporated in the traditional building wall in a prototype building model. The experiments are carried out on hot sunny days to investigate the temperature variation inside the room with and without PCM. It has been found that PCM can easily reduce the fluctuation of the inside temperature, however, the temperature variation inside the room much is influenced by the opening of the door and window where convective heat transfer plays a major role. The study reveals that the maximum average temperature was reduced for 3°C with the use of PCM layer. The studies have been extended for an elevated temperature by incorporating a heat source where the building wall is set without PCM, with PCM slab and also encapsulated PCM. The results reveal that both the PCM slab and encapsulated PCM building wall can control the temperature as close to ambient temperature at the opposite side of the heat source. Moreover, it is found that encapsulated building walls give better performance as the overall wall thickness is kept as original wall thickness. In addition, the evenly placement with the encapsulation in a building wall could maintain the melting/freezing cycle of the PCM materials for better performance.
Defending co‐resident attack using reputation‐based virtual machine deployment policy in cloud computing
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Liu Liang , Ma Zuchao , Wang Zijie , Meng Weizhi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCloud computing enables users to utilize IT resources conveniently with low‐level cost, but it also brings some new threats. The co‐resident attack is one of the typical examples, where malicious users steal information from legal users by starting a virtual machine (VM) and building a side‐channel between VMs on the same server. Most of current studies focus mainly on defending the side‐channel attack, which requires modifications to the existing underlying architecture of cloud platforms. Some studies focus on security‐aware VMs deployment policies that can defeat co‐resident attacks through reduction of co‐residences. However, most of these studies ignore workload‐balance and energy‐efficiency. In addition, they neglect that data held in different VMs should have different security levels. Motivated by these issues, in this article, we first formalize the multi‐attackers co‐resident attack problem. The co‐located VMs rate (CVR) metric is proposed to evaluate the security level in cloud and a security‐aware policy named least‐danger‐based‐on‐reputation (LDBR) is presented to minimize the metric. Also, we propose extensional LDBR (E‐LDBR) policy to balance security, workload‐balance and energy consumption, and weighted‐LDBR (W‐LDBR) policy that considers users' different security levels. Experimental results indicate that LDBR outperforms PSSF (previous‐selected‐server‐first) by 15.02%‐22.07% in security, E‐LDBR is more balanced in workload and consumes less energy consumption, and W‐LDBR can reduce security threats by 13.3% compared with PSSF.
Colon tumor localization using three input variants to Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network and lazy snapping
Authors: Srivastava Gargi , Srivastava Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAutomated polyp localization in colon endoscopy images helps minimize human errors in localizing polyps. In our method, we use Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network (R‐CNN) on Resnet 50 network to form a tight bounding box around the polyp. The bounding box is then used as input for the lazy snapping technique to determine polyps correctly. Three input variants—RGB images, histogram equalized images, and luminance images—are fed to the network. The output obtained from each variant is combined to form the final result. We have used the CVC‐Clinical DB database, which has 612 images with 672 polyp instances for our study. Thirteen different combinations for obtaining the result are studied, and the best among them is identified. The result is evaluated for all combinations and against a state‐of‐the‐art method for precision, recall, and F‐measure. The proposed model achieves a precision of 80.51% and a recall value of 80.33%.
Hypermineralization of Hearing-Related Bones by a Specific Osteoblast Subtype
Authors: Kuroda Yukiko , Kawaai Katsuhiro , Hatano Naoya , Wu Yanlin , Takano Hidekazu , Momose Atsushi , Ishimoto Takuya , Nakano Takayoshi , Roschger Paul , Blouin Stéphane , Matsuo Koichi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Auditory ossicles in the middle ear and bony labyrinth of the inner ear are highly mineralized in adult mammals. Cellular mechanisms underlying formation of dense bone during development are unknown. Here, we found that osteoblast-like cells synthesizing highly mineralized hearing-related bones produce both type I and type II collagens as the bone matrix, while conventional osteoblasts and chondrocytes primarily produce type I and type II collagens, respectively. Furthermore, these osteoblast-like cells were not labeled in a “conventional osteoblast”-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse line. Type II collagen-producing osteoblast-like cells were not chondrocytes as they express osteocalcin, localize along alizarin-labeled osteoid, and form osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi, as do conventional osteoblasts. Auditory ossicles and the bony labyrinth exhibit not only higher bone matrix mineralization but also a higher degree of apatite orientation than do long bones. Therefore, we conclude that these type II collagen-producing hypermineralizing osteoblasts (termed here auditory osteoblasts) represent a new osteoblast subtype. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Type II collagen-producing auditory osteoblasts highly mineralize hearing related bones.
Family planning in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants
Authors: Haddad Jessica M. , Robison Katina , Beffa Lindsey , Laprise Jessica , ScaliaWilbur Jennifer , Raker Christina A. , Clark Melissa A. , Hofstatter Erin , Dalela Disha , Brown Amy , Bradford Leslie , Toland Maris , Stuckey Ashley 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers have a high lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian malignancies. Given the risks and significant ramifications of undergoing risk‐reducing surgeries, many pathogenic variant carriers unaffected by cancer (previvors) struggle with family planning and reproductive decision making. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and practices of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers with respect to family planning decision making. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted of BRCA1 and BRCA2 previvors at four Northeastern medical centers. The survey was administered electronically via email using REDCap. The survey included demographic information as well as questions about genetic testing, prophylactic surgeries, family planning, and partnering. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact tests and t tests. The survey was completed by 139 of 422 BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers (response rate 33%). Thirteen were excluded from analysis due to self‐reported cancer history. Of the remaining 126, 21 (16.7%) were male and 105 (83.3%) were female. Female participants <35 years old at the time of genetic testing were significantly more likely than those 35 or greater to report feeling urgency to have a family after finding out about their BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant (p < 0.0001). Younger women also reported their genetic status had a stronger impact on their romantic relationships (p = 0.029). Men were significantly more likely to report that they felt no urgency to have a family compared to women (p < 0.0001). Our study reflects the complex decision making for previvors and the intricacies of family planning in this population. Providers can use this knowledge as a guide to counsel patients about reproductive options.
Geographic Variations in Healthcare Utilization and Expenditure for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population‐Based Approach
Authors: Jang David W. , Lee Hui Jie , Chen Philip G. , Cohen Seth M. , Scales Charles D. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and costly health problem in the United States. A better understanding of healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and healthcare expenditure (HCE) pertaining to CRS is required. The objective of this study is to investigate geographic variations in HCRU and HCE for CRS.Study Type/DesignRetrospective study of administrative database.MethodsPatients meeting pre‐defined diagnostic criteria for CRS with continuous 1‐year pre‐index and 2‐year post‐index data were identified on IBM® Marketscan Research Databases over a 5‐year period (2013–2017). Data pertaining to demographics, HCRU, and HCE were analyzed according to geographic region. Multivariable generalized linear models accounted for age, sex, baseline medication utilization, and co‐morbidities.ResultsAbout 237,969 patients were included. Antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed medication (95%). Surgery rate (11%), immunotherapy (9.2%), oral steroid use (66%), and antibiotic utilization (mean 6.3 prescriptions) were highest in the South. However, visits with an otolaryngologist were considerably higher in the Northeast (62%). The Northeast region had the highest mean HCE ($2,449), which was 13% greater than HCE for the North Central region ($2,172). HCRU and HCE were higher in urban areas across all metrics, with 2‐year HCE being 18% greater in urban areas ($2,374 vs. $2,019). Significant geographic variation in HCE was observed even after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionSignificant geographic variations in HCRU and HCE exist for CRS even after adjusting for covariates. Future studies are needed to help direct quality improvement and cost‐saving efforts as well as efficient resource allocation in an era of value‐based care.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2641–2648, 2021
A high gain aperture match parabolic horn antenna with stable phase center and higher FBR in S‐band
Authors: Baghel Amit Kumar , Kulkarni Shashank Satish , Nayak Sisir Kumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an aperture matched parabolic pyramid horn antenna (APPHA) having flaring in the E‐ and H‐ plane. The proposed structure is designed and manufactured for S‐band (2.2–3.3 GHz) with a semicircular aperture matched section in both planes. The APPHA gives half power beam width (HPBW) less than 17° and 15° in the E‐ and H‐ planes, respectively due to the parabolic profile and aperture match section. An average improvement in front to back ratio and gain is 18.53 dB and 1.45 dBi, respectively compared to the conventional pyramidal horn antenna. The maximum variation in the phase center is also 2.8 cm. The measured return loss and cross‐polarization of less than 12 and 20 dB, respectively, is seen throughout the band, thus providing a good impedance matching. The proposed antenna having higher gain and lower HPBW can be used for wireless power transfer applications due to point directive beam to charge the batteries of quad‐copter, sensors as well as being a good candidate for parabolic dish reflector feed.
Effects of Substituting Fish Meal with Two Types of Soybean Meal on Growth, Enzyme Activities, and Intestinal Morphology in Juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii
Authors: Zhu Rui , Duan Jing , Li Liang , Li Min , Yu Zhe , Wang Hong-He , Quan Ya-Nan , Wu Li-Fang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of substituting fish meal with common soybean meal (SBM) or extruded soybean meal (ESBM) on growth, digestion, some nonspecific immune markers, and intestinal morphology in juvenile minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii. In trial 1, five experimental diets were formulated with SBM replacing 0% (fish meal control; SBM0), 12.5% (SBM12.5), 25.0% (SBM25), 37.5% (SBM37.5), and 50.0% (SBM50) of the fish meal. Rhynchocypris lagowskii (6.81 ± 0.19 g) were randomly stocked in 100-L cylindrical plastic tanks and fed to satiation thrice daily for 56 d. After the feeding trial, there was no significant differences in weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed intake (FI) of the SBM0, SBM12.5, and SBM25 groups. But compared with the control group, WGR, SGR, and FI of the SBM37.5 and SBM50 groups were significantly decreased, FER and PER of the SBM50 group were significantly decreased, and FCR of the SBM50 group was significantly increased. Providing the SBM37.5 and SBM50 diets can significantly reduce the muscle protein content and protease activity of the hepatopancreas and intestine. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lysozyme, and superoxide dismutase activities in the hepatopancreas decreased with increasing dietary SBM levels. Providing the SBM25, SBM37.5, and SBM50 diets caused atrophy, swelling, and rupture of the intestinal mucosal fold and separation of epithelial mucosa from the lamina propria. In trial 2, five experimental diets were formulated with ESBM replacing 0% (fish meal control; ESBM0), 12.5% (ESBM12.5), 25.0% (ESBM25), 37.5% (ESBM37.5), and 50.0% (ESBM50) of the fish meal. Rhynchocypris lagowskii (6.87 ± 0.02 g) were randomly stocked in 100-L cylindrical plastic tanks and fed to satiation thrice daily for 56 d. After the feeding trial, WGR, FI, SGR, FER, PER, and muscle crude protein content of the ESBM50 group were significantly decreased compared with the control group, and FCR of the ESBM50 group was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the hepatopancreas and intestinal protease activities and the hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities decreased with increasing dietary ESBM levels, and the ESBM50 group was significantly different than the control group. Providing the ESBM37.5 and ESBM50 diets caused atrophy and rupture of intestinal mucosal fold and separation of epithelial mucosa from the lamina propria. These results indicated that SBM could replace 12.5% of fish meal in juvenile R. lagowskii diets, while ESBM could replace 25% of fish meal.