bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein neutrales Beryllium(I)‐Radikal
Authors: Czernetzki Corinna , Arrowsmith Merle , Fantuzzi Felipe , Gärtner Annalena , Tröster Tobias , Krummenacher Ivo , Schorr Fabian , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDurch die Reduktion eines cyclischen Alkyl(amino)carben (CAAC)‐stabilisierten Organoberylliumchlorids konnte das erste neutrale Berylliumradikal erhalten werden, welches durch EPR‐, IR‐ und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie, Röntgenkristallographie und DFT‐Rechnungen charakterisiert wurde.
Boosting activity, thermostability, and lifetime of iron ethylene polymerization catalysts through gem‐dimethyl substitution and incorporation of ortho‐cycloalkyl substituents
Authors: Zhang Randi , Han Mingyang , Oleynik Irina V. , Solan Gregory A. , Oleynik Ivan I. , Ma Yanping , Liang Tongling , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSix types of ferrous chloride complex, [2‐(ArN=CMe)‐8‐(ArN)‐7,7‐Me2C9H6N]FeCl2 (Ar=2‐(C5H9)‐6‐MeC6H3 Fe1, 2‐(C6H11)‐6‐MeC6H3 Fe2, 2‐(C8H15)‐6‐MeC6H3 Fe3, 2‐(C5H9)‐4,6‐Me2C6H2 Fe4, 2‐(C6H11)‐4,6‐Me2C6H2 Fe5, 2‐(C8H15)‐4,6‐Me2C6H2 Fe6), each bearing a gem‐dimethyl‐substituted N,N,N‐chelating ligand that differs in the ortho‐cycloalkyl ring size and para‐substituent of the N‐aryl groups, are disclosed. All complexes have been prepared by a straightforward one‐flask route and characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. In the case of Fe1, oxidation to form the oxo‐bridged diferric species [2‐(2‐(C5H9)‐6‐MeC6H3N=CMe)‐8‐(2‐(C5H9)‐6‐MeC6H3N)‐7,7‐Me2C9H6N]FeCl(μ‐O)FeCl3 (Fe1') has been demonstrated and its structural identity confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Following treatment with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), Fe1–Fe6 exhibited optimal catalytic activities at 60°C for ethylene polymerization [up to 2.35 × 107 g of PE (mol of Fe)−1 h−1 for Fe1/MMAO] producing linear polyethylene; even over prolonged run times, high activities were maintained. Moreover, this family of iron catalysts exhibited remarkable thermostability by displaying appreciable activity at temperatures as high as 100°C [activity up to 7.8 × 106 g of PE (mol of Fe)−1 h−1]. By varying the ring size of the ortho‐cycloalkyl and para‐R2 group (R2 = H, Me), excellent control over molecular weight of the polyethylenes could be achieved with values in the range 1.4–67.8 kg mol−1 obtainable. In addition, end‐group analysis of the polymers generated with Fe/MAO or Fe/MMAO revealed that both β‐H elimination and chain transfer to aluminum are competitive processes during chain termination.
Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study on the delivery of some common drugs by ZIF‐67, ZIF‐90, and ZIF‐8 zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Keywanlu Maryam , Tayebee Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnti‐seizures have been frequently used for a long time. Most of these antiepileptic drugs, which are used on a daily basis, are central nervous system depressants, and their excessive use damages the respiratory system. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired therapeutic goals, avoiding side effects and drug interactions, it is very important to use targeted medications. Among the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), ZIF nanoparticles have several advantages such as smooth capillary flow and the slow release of drugs, circulating and preventing increased drug concentrations in plasma. Gabapentin, levetiracetam, phenytoin, and valproate are effective drugs in the treatment of epilepsy. In this investigation, the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks ZIF‐67, ZIF‐90, and ZIF‐8 are used as carriers for the above drugs, and their loading processes are evaluated. Among these MOFs, the highest loading values are attained in the case of ZIF‐8. Therefore, the latter MOF is synthesized via a new simple method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Also, the release of these drugs was measured from the pores of ZIF‐8, and the slow release of these drugs indicated that the framework could be used as a suitable carrier for a wide range of antiepileptic drugs. Finally, the in vitro cytotoxicity of gabapentin‐ZIF‐8 against Hep‐G2 liver cancer cells was investigated by MTT assay. This study confirmed a significant decrease in the MTT signal compared with the untreated cells, so the drug‐loaded ZIF‐8 could reduce the metabolic activity of cancer cells. Therefore, this nanoparticle can be used as a carrier for the delivery of the studied drugs.
Zum Einfluss der Lageimperfektionen auf das Tragverhalten von HZ/AZ‐Wänden bei Belastung aus Wasserüberdruck
Authors: Chrzanowski Maciej , Gregor Oliver , Matos Rui , Prüm Cécile , Zillgen Heiko , Hechler Oliver 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDas HZ/AZ‐System wird weltweit als effiziente und robuste Stützwandlösung, vorzugsweise für Kaimauern im Hafenbau und als Stützwand bei tiefen Baugruben, eingesetzt. Diese Form einer kombinierten Wand wird aus der wechselweisen Anordnung von HZ‐M‐Profilen als Tragpfähle mit AZ‐Profilen als Füllbohlen gebildet. Wird eine kombinierte Wand durch einen hohen Wasserüberdruck belastet, so ist dies für das Tragverhalten der Wand von Bedeutung. Die endgültige Lage der Tragpfähle führt zu einer tatsächlichen Wandgeometrie, die den Spannungszustand und somit auch das Tragverhalten der durch Wasserüberdruck beanspruchten Wandelemente beeinflusst. Zulässige Imperfektionen für das Einbringen einer kombinierten Spundwand werden zwischen den Vertragsparteien vereinbart. In diesem Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zur Auswirkung von Einbringimperfektionen auf das Tragverhalten sowie ein Modell zur Abschätzung des aufnehmbaren Wasserüberdrucks der Füllbohlen von HZ‐M/AZ‐kombinierten Wänden unter Berücksichtigung von Einbringimperfektionen vorgestellt.
Cellulosic glycols: an integrated process concept for lignocellulose pretreatment and hydrogenolysis
Authors: te Molder Thimo D. J. , Kersten Sascha R. A. , Lange Jean‐Paul , Ruiz M. Pilar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLignocellulose is the most abundant source of saccharides and it is therefore a promising feedstock for glycols, such as ethylene‐glycol, via catalytic hydrogenolysis of the polysaccharides that it contains. However, this catalytic hydrogenolysis step is hampered by the presence of lignin and other biomass contaminants, such as ash, which need to be removed in a pretreatment step. We propose an organosolv‐like pre‐treatment that can delignify and de‐ash lignocellulose to a level that allows it to be upgraded to glycol with comparable yields to pure cellulose under demanding hydrogenolysis conditions. This work identifies the main design constraints of the integrated process and provides an initial experimental validation of it. Pretreatment of biomass in water/ethanol/acetic acid solutions at 180–200 °C can reduce the lignin content of the solid residue to ≤6 wt%. The addition of an organic acid, such as acetic acid, appears important to improve the removal of the recalcitrant Ca2+, which is a known inhibitor of the tungstate catalyst typically used in this process. The pretreatment medium is designed to use the by‐product(s) of the process as organic solvent, to reduce the need for fresh solvent input. However, the process still needs a high solvent recovery (between 93.5 and 99.9 wt%). This can be achieved by selecting volatile component as organic solvent, as it allows recovery by evaporation from the dissolved lignin and ashes. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Methods for enzyme library creation: Which one will you choose?
Authors: Alejaldre Lorea , Pelletier Joelle N. , Quaglia Daniela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnzyme engineering allows to explore sequence diversity in search for new properties. The scientific literature is populated with methods to create enzyme libraries for engineering purposes, however, choosing a suitable method for the creation of mutant libraries can be daunting, in particular for the novices. Here, we address both novices and experts: how can one enter the arena of enzyme library design and what guidelines can advanced users apply to select strategies best suited to their purpose? Section I is dedicated to the novices and presents an overview of established and standard methods for library creation, as well as available commercial solutions. The expert will discover an up‐to‐date tool to freshen up their repertoire (Section I) and learn of the newest methods that are likely to become a mainstay (Section II). We focus primarily on in vitro methods, presenting the advantages of each method. Our ultimate aim is to offer a selection of methods/strategies that we believe to be most useful to the enzyme engineer, whether a first‐timer or a seasoned user.
Predictive role of diffusion‐weighted whole‐body MRI (DW‐MRI) imaging response according to MY‐RADS criteria after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma and combined evaluation with MRD assessment by flow cytometry
Authors: Belotti Angelo , Ribolla Rossella , Cancelli Valeria , Villanacci Alberta , Angelini Valentina , Chiarini Marco , Giustini Viviana , Facchetti Giulia V. , Roccaro Aldo M. , Ferrari Samantha , Peli Annalisa , Bottelli Chiara , Cattaneo Chiara , Crippa Claudia , Micilotta Monica , Frittoli Barbara , Grazioli Luigi , Rossi Giuseppe , Tucci Alessandra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion‐weighted whole‐body MRI (DW‐MRI) is increasingly used in the management of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but data regarding the prognostic role of DW‐MRI imaging response after treatment are lacking. The Myeloma Response Assessment and Diagnosis System (MY‐RADS) imaging recommendations recently proposed the criteria for response assessment category (RAC) with a 5‐point scale in order to standardize response assessment after therapy, but this score still needs to be validated.MethodsWe investigated the prognostic role of RAC criteria in 64 newly diagnosed MM patients after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and we combined the results of MY‐RADS with those of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC).ResultsSuperior post‐ASCT PFS and OS were observed in patients with complete imaging response (RAC1), with respect to patients with imaging residual disease (RAC≥2): median PFS not reached (NR) versus 26.5 months, p = 0.0047, HR 0.28 (95% CI: 0.12–0.68); 3‐year post‐ASCT OS 92% versus 69% for RAC1 versus RAC ≥2, respectively, p = 0.047, HR 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06–0.99). Combining MRD and imaging improved prediction of outcome, with double‐negative and double‐positive features defining groups with excellent and dismal PFS, respectively (PFS NR vs. 10.6 months); p = 0.001, HR 0.07 (95%CI: 0.01–0.36).ConclusionThe present study supports the applicability of MY‐RADS recommendations after ASCT; RAC criteria were able to independently stratify patients and to better predict their prognosis and the combined use of DW‐MRI with MFC allowed a more precise evaluation of MRD.
Hyperemic hemodynamic characteristics of serial coronary lesions assessed by pullback pressure gradients
Authors: Candreva Alessandro , Mizukami Takuya , Sonck Jeroen , Munhoz Daniel , Nagumo Sakura , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Gallinoro Emanuele , Mileva Niya , Bartunek Jozef , Wyffels Eric , Barbato Emanuele , De Bruyne Bernard , Perera Divaka , Collet Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize hemodynamics of serial coronary stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) pullbacks and the pullback pressure gradients (PPG) index.BackgroundThe cross‐talk between stenoses within the same coronary artery makes the prediction of the functional contribution of each lesion challenging.Methods and resultsOne‐hundred seventeen patients undergoing coronary angiography for stable angina were prospectively recruited. Serial lesions were defined as two or more narrowings with visual diameter stenosis >50% on conventional angiography. Motorized FFR pullback tracings were obtained at 1 mm/s. Pullbacks were visually adjudicated as presenting two, one, and no focal pressure drops. The pattern of disease (i.e., focal or diffuse) was quantified using the PPG index. Twenty‐five vessels presented serial lesions (mean PPG 0.48 ± 0.17). Two, one or no focal pressure drops were observed in 40% (n = 10; PPG 0.59 ± 0.17), 52% (n = 13; PPG 0.44 ± 0.12) and 8% of cases (n = 2; PPG 0.27 ± 0.01; p‐value = 0.01). Distal FFR was similar between vessels with two, one and no focal pressure drops in the pullback curve (p‐value = 0.27). The PPG index independently predicted the presence of two focal pressure drops in the pullback curve (p = 0.04).ConclusionsFFR pullbacks in serial coronary lesions exhibit three distinct functional patterns. High PPG was associated with pullback curves presenting two pressure drops. The PPG provides a quantitative assessment of the pattern of coronary artery disease in cases with serial lesions and might be useful to assess the appropriateness of percutaneous revascularization.
Mass and Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Thermophilic Membrane Distillation Bioreactor
Authors: İnce Mahir , Uslu Yasin Abdullah , İnce Elif , Yaşar Handenur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe mass and heat transfer mechanisms of the membrane distillation bioreactor (MDBR) system used for hospital wastewater treatment were determined. The initial flux and balance flux of the system were determined. The total mass transfer resistance calculated for the system increased by 72 % when the system reached equilibrium. Considering the temperature polarization coefficient, it is clear that the system was controlled by mass resistance.
Maximizing Propylene Separation from Propane by Extractive Distillation with Aqueous N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone as Separating Agent
Authors: Cruz Valdez Jesús Alonso , Avilés Martínez Adriana , Vallejo Montesinos Javier , Pérez Elías , Patiño-Herrera Rosalba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe separation of polymer‐grade propylene from a propylene‐propane mixture was performed by an extractive distillation (ED) process in the steady state, and was developed on the Aspen Plus V9 simulator, by using an extractive column and a recovery column. To increase the volatility and relative selectivity of propylene, aqueous N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as extracting agent. By using an ED process and aqueous NMP, compared with the high‐pressure binary distillation process, a reduction in energy consumption was obtained, with a saving of 52 % in total annual cost.
Balance and vestibular function and survival in US cancer survivors
Authors: Medina Heidy N. , Liu Qinran , Cao Chao , Yang Lin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCancer and its treatment damage the musculoskeletal system and induce neurotoxicity, affecting the key sensory inputs for maintaining balance. The present study describes the pattern of balance impairment and evaluated its association with mortality among US cancer survivors.MethodsData on a nationally representative sample of cancer survivors from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2015 was analyzed. Sensory‐specific balance impairment was measured at baseline by the modified Romberg test of standing balance on firm and compliant support surfaces. The linked mortality data were updated through December 31, 2015.ResultsAmong 511 cancer survivors, 282 (48.3%) had a balance impairment, predominantly attributing to vestibular dysfunction (251; 89.0% of 282 and 44.5% of 511). A higher prevalence of balance impairment was observed among cancer survivors with advanced age, lower socioeconomic status or educational attainment, body mass index <25 kg/m2, and an inactive lifestyle. During up to 16.4 years of follow‐up (median, 11.3 years; 5088 person‐years), 253 cancer survivors had died. Cancer survivors with a balance impairment had a 63% higher risk of death from all causes (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐2.38) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and cancer type. Specifically, those with vestibular dysfunctions had approximately 1.54 (95% CI, 1.05‐2.27) times the risk of death compared to those without any balance impairment. These associations were stronger in males than in females.ConclusionsIn a US nationally representative sample of cancer survivors, balance impairment and vestibular dysfunctions were prevalent and associated with heightened all‐cause mortality.
HO‐1 in lymph node metastasis predicted overall survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Akaishi Ryujiro , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Ishida Hirotaka , Tsunokake Junichi , Yamauchi Takuro , Gokon Yusuke , Ueki Shunsuke , Fukutomi Toshiaki , Okamoto Hiroshi , Takaya Kai , Sato Chiaki , Taniyama Yusuke , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Kamei Takashi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis is one of the pivotal factors of the clinical outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT). Both the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) are frequently upregulated in various human malignancies and associated with resistance to chemoradiation therapy, subsequently resulting in adverse clinical outcomes. However, the Nrf2 and HO‐1 status in lymph node metastasis and their differences between primary and metastatic lesions are unknown.AimsTo examine the levels of Nrf2 signaling proteins and HO‐1 in primary and metastatic lesions of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemistry.Methods and ResultsWe immunolocalized Nrf2 signaling proteins in 69 patients with lymph node metastases, who received NACRT with 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin before esophagectomy. We also compared the findings between primary and metastatic lesions. Residual lymph node metastases were detected in 30 patients and among them, both primary and metastatic lesions were available for evaluation in 25 patients. Subsequently, we correlated the results with patients' survival. Nrf2, HO‐1, and the Ki‐67 labeling index were all significantly lower in the patients with lymph node metastases than in those with primary tumors. Carcinoma cells with high HO‐1 levels were significantly associated with pathological resistance to NACRT. These results suggested that overall and disease‐free survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were significantly associated with both pN2 and high HO‐1 levels, respectively.ConclusionsProtein expression in the Nrf2 pathway was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastases than in those with primary lesions. HO‐1 levels in lymph node metastases could be used to predict the eventual clinical outcome of patients with esophageal cancer receiving NACRT.
Patients' and families' opinions via suggestion boxes for improving hospital care for cancer patients: Analysis of 3419 cases over 11 years
Authors: Takao Kenji , Nishimura Tetsuo , Yasui Kenta , Nakagawa Asami , Yamaguchi Ken 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a paradigm shift in cancer treatment from curing disease to both curing disease and caring for patients. In terms of care for patients, the opinions of patients and their families are important for improving medical services.AimThe opinions of patients and families were collected at Shizuoka Cancer Center (SCC) and examined from the standpoint of characteristics, response status, and temporal changes.MethodsPatients' and families' opinions submitted to suggestion boxes at SCC over an 11‐year period (2005–2015) were analyzed. Opinions were categorized as complaints or compliments, with sub‐categories including “facilities, goods, and medical care,” “people,” “time,” and “other.” The status of facilities' response to complaints was categorized as “responded,” “did not respond”, and “difficult to respond”.ResultsChanges in the number of opinions and content over time were examined. In total, 3419 opinions were collected; 69.1% were complaints, and 30.5% were compliments. Of the complaints, 53.4% were related to “facilities, goods, and medical care” (mainly focusing on “poor product quality” and “shortage of goods”), 38.7% were related to “people,” and 7.7% to “time.” Of the compliments, 82.4% were about “people,” all of which concerned facility staff. Facilities' responses to complaints were as follows: “responded” (42.4%), “did not respond” (14.3%), and “difficult to respond” (43.3%).ConclusionUnderstanding patients' and families' opinions is effective for strengthening trust between patients and healthcare professionals, promoting holistic care.
Cardiac metastasis causes paradoxical malignant embolism
Authors: Wagner Britta Janina , Hobbach Hans‐Peter , Hobbach Anastasia Janina , Hieggelke Lena Katharina , Grond Martin , Monsefi Nadejda , Buettner Reinhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmbolic events play an important role in clinical everyday practice. Malignant arterial embolism is a rare nevertheless often fatal entity for cardiac, cerebral or systemic ischemia, requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment.CaseThis is a case report of a 65 years‐old female, suffering from pulmonal adenocarcinoma, who was hospitalized due to neurological deficits caused by an acute ischemic stroke, followed by anterior myocardial infarction within 3 days. Diagnostic work‐up revealed metastasis of the pulmonal adenocarcinoma in the right atrium and a patent foramen ovale. Histopathological examination of the coronary embolus verified paradoxical arterial embolism of the pulmonal adenocarcinoma into a coronary vessel and consequently cerebral arteries.ConclusionThe present case underlines the need for (i), consideration of malignant embolism, (ii) histopathological examination of the embolus to determine its etiology, and (iii) interdisciplinary discussion of individual therapeutic and prevention strategies in cancer patients with cerebral, cardiac or systemic embolic events.
Entropy based TOPSIS method for controller selection in software defined networking
Authors: Kannan Durkadevi , Thiyagarajan Revathi 
Published: July 2021

SummarySoftware defined networking (SDN) architecture is easily manageable, flexible, and dynamic where controller selection plays a major role. In SDN, the controlling functions are handled by control plane and forwarding functions are handled by data plane. In general, the centralized controller supervises the control plane, and it communicates with the data plane using “Open Flow” (south bound interface). Moreover, OpenFlow based controllers such as POX, Floodlight, Beacon, and RYU have different features which suit different applications in real time. In this proposed work, a multi‐criteria decision making method named entropy based TOPSIS method is used to select the controller for load balancing in control plane. Initially, four controllers are selected and evaluated over tree topology with different parameters such as throughput, delay, response time, message cost using the network emulator called Mininet. Then, entropy based TOPSIS method is used to rank the controllers where Floodlight is chosen as the most excellent one based on our criteria.