bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrestrained growth of correctly oriented microtubules instructs axonal microtubule orientation
Authors: Jakobs Maximilian AH , Zemel Assaf , Franze Kristian 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn many eukaryotic cells, directed molecular transport occurs along microtubules. Within neuronal axons, transport over vast distances particularly relies on uniformly oriented microtubules, whose +-ends point towards the distal axon tip (+end out). However, axonal microtubules initially have mixed orientations, and how they orient during development is not yet fully understood. Using live imaging of primaryDrosophila melanogasterneurons and physical modelling, we found that +end out microtubules are less likely to undergo catastrophe near the advancing axon tip, leading to their persistent long-term growth. In contrast, oppositely oriented microtubules remain short. Using chemical and physical perturbations of microtubule growth and genetic perturbations of the anti -catastrophe factor p150, which was enriched in the distal axon tip, we confirmed that the enhanced growth of +end out microtubules is critical for achieving uniform microtubule orientation. Computer simulations of axon development mimicking the enhanced +end out microtubule growth identified here along with previously proposed mechanisms correctly predicted the long-term evolution of axonal microtubule orientation as found in our experiments, highlighting the importance of the reduced catastrophe rate of +end out microtubules near the advancing axon tip in establishing uniform microtubule polarity. Our study thus leads to a holistic explanation of how axonal microtubules orient uniformly, a prerequisite for efficient long-range transport essential for neuronal functioning.
Stimulus features that elicit activity in object-vector cells
Authors: Andersson Sebastian O. , Moser Edvard I. , Moser May-Britt 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObject-vector (OV) cells are cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that track an animal’s distance and direction to objects in the environment. Their firing fields are defined by vectorial relationships to free-standing 3-dimensional (3D) objects of a variety of identities and shapes. However, the natural world contains a panorama of objects, ranging from discrete 3D items to flat two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, and it remains unclear what are the most fundamental features of objects that drive vectorial responses. Here we address this question by systematically changing features of experimental objects. Using an algorithm that robustly identifies OV firing fields, we show that the cells respond to a variety of 2D surfaces, with visual contrast as the most basic visual feature to elicit neural responses. The findings suggest that OV cells use plain visual features as vectorial anchoring points, allowing vector-guided navigation to proceed in environments with few free-standing landmarks.
Telocytes regulate macrophages in periodontal disease
Authors: Zhao Jing , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTelocytes (TCs) or interstitial cells are characterised in vivo by their long projections that contact other cell types. Although telocytes can be found in many different tissues in luding the heart1, lung2 and intestine3, their tissue-specific roles are poorly understood. Here we identify a cell signalling role for telocytes in the periodontium whereby telocytes regulate macrophage activity.MethodsWe performed scRNA-seq and lineage tracing to identify TCs in mouse periodontium in homeostasis and periodontitis and carried out HGF signalling inhibition experiments using Tivantinib.ResultsWe demonstrated that TCs are quiescent in homeostasis, however, they proliferate and serve as a major source of HGF in periodontitis. Macrophages receive telocyte-derived HGF signals and shift from an M1 to a M1/M2 hybrid state.ConclusionsOur results reveal the source of HGF signals in periodontal tissue and provide new insights into the function of TCs in regulating macrophage behaviour in periodontitis through HGF/c-Met cell signalling, that may provide a novel approach in periodontitis treatment.Graphic abstractA population of telocytes (TC) have been identified in the periodontium. They are quiescent in homeostasis, however, in periodontitis, they are activated and send HGF signals to LPS activated iNOS+ (M1) macrophages. Macrophages receive the HGF signals via c-Met, which results in the expression of M2 marker Arg1, representing in an increase of M1/M2 hybrid macrophages. The expression of Arg1 can be inhibited by a HGF/c-Met selective inhibitor Tivantinib.
RNA inhibits dMi-2/CHD4 chromatin binding and nucleosome remodelling
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Thoelken Clemens , Zhong Yichen , John Mara , Rossbach Oliver , Lenz Jonathan , Großringer Markus , Nist Andrea , Stiewe Thorsten , Hartmann Roland , Vazquez Olalla , Chung Ho-Ryung , Mackay Joel P , Brehm Alexander 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeller Mi-2/CHD4 broadly modulates epigenetic landscapes to repress transcription and to maintain genome integrity. Here we use individual nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) to show that Drosophila Mi-2 associates with thousands of mRNA molecules in vivo. Biochemical data reveal that recombinant dMi-2 preferentially binds to G-rich RNA molecules using two intrinsically disordered regions of previously undefined function. Pharmacological inhibition of transcription and RNase digestion approaches establish that RNA inhibits the association of dMi-2 with chromatin. We also show that RNA inhibits dMi-2-mediated nucleosome mobilization by competing with the nucleosome substrate. Importantly, this activity is shared by CHD4, the human homolog of dMi-2, strongly suggesting that RNA-mediated regulation of remodeller activity is an evolutionary conserved mechanism. Our data support a model in which RNA serves to protect actively transcribed regions of the genome from dMi-2/CHD4- mediated establishment of repressive chromatin structures.
Cooperative behavior evokes inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning studies
Authors: Czeszumski Artur , Liang Sophie Hsin-Yi , Dikker Suzanne , König Peter , Lee Chin-Pang , Koole Sander L. , Kelsen Brent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSingle-brain neuroimaging studies have shown that human cooperation is associated with neural activity in frontal and temporoparietal regions. However, it remains unclear whether single-brain studies are informative about cooperation in real life, where people interact dynamically. Such dynamic interactions have become the focus of inter-brain studies. An advantageous technique in this regard is functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) because it is less susceptible to movement artifacts than more conventional techniques like EEG or fMRI. We conducted a systematic review and the first quantitative meta-analysis of fNIRS hyperscanning of cooperation, based on thirteen studies with 890 participants. Overall, the meta-analysis revealed evidence of statistically significant inter-brain synchrony while people were cooperating, with large overall effect sizes in both frontal and temporoparietal areas. All thirteen studies observed significant inter-brain synchrony in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting that this region is particularly relevant for cooperative behavior. The consistency in these findings is unlikely to be due to task-related activations, given that the relevant studies used diverse cooperation tasks. Together, the present findings support the importance of inter-brain synchronization of frontal and temporoparietal regions in interpersonal cooperation. Moreover, the present article highlights the usefulness of meta-analyses as a tool for discerning patterns in inter-brain dynamics.
Impacts of price, weather and policy changes on maize and rice farming in Togo
Authors: Hodjo Manzamasso , Ram Acharya , Blayney Don , Nakelse Tebila 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how climatic, market and policy factors interact to determine food production in Togo. Specifically, we estimate acreage and yield response to market prices, weather and policy changes for maize and rice.Design/methodology/approachWe use panel data estimators in a Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Equation (SURE) model with region-level data from the Food and Agriculture Organization statistics department and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the US Department of commerce.FindingsWe found lower fertilizer price and higher grain price effects on maize acreage and yield. In addition, we found a positive effect of expected rice price on both its acreage and yield. As expected, rainfall during planting months has a significant impact on both maize (April) and paddy (May) acreage allocations. Similarly, total rainfall during the growing season has a positive impact on both maize and paddy yields. Moreover, recent agricultural policy initiative designed to boost domestic food production has significantly increased acreage and yield for maize, and yield for paddy, especially the strategy for agricultural growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe dataset includes region-level observations from 1991 to 2012 which limits the observation span. However, we had enough variability in key variables to determine the estimated coefficients.Practical implicationsAlthough the dataset is limited in time (1991–2012) and uses national-level output prices, this investigation reveals that cropland allocation to maize and rice is sensitive to fertilizer and grain prices, weather expectations and policy interventions. These findings provide evidence for sustainable food production and productivity enhancement in Togo.Social implicationsUnderstanding drivers of cropland allocation and cereal yield contribute to better food security and poverty reduction in developing countries, especially Togo.Originality/valuePrior to this study, little was known on the effect of price, climate and policy on cropland allocation in Togo. This investigation contributes significantly to filling this knowledge gap and provides insights for effective interventions.
Learning to effectively manage your emotions: the impact of Emotional Intelligence (EI) in caring roles
Authors: Mukundan Smarty P. , M. Dhanya 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Psychological constructs like emotional labor, emotional intelligence etc. are gaining importance now to understand employee outcomes such as job satisfaction in a health care setting. The study aims to investigate the relationship between Surface Acting (SA) an emotional labor strategy, and Job satisfaction, and the moderating effect of Emotional intelligence (EI) among practicing nurses.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data through self-reporting questionnaires administered to a sample of 141 nurses working in multi-specialty hospitals in a prominent city in India and analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings
A negative relationship was found between surface acting and job satisfaction but was found positive when EI was introduced as a moderator.

Research limitations/implications
The respondent population was females only and diversity in terms of gender was not obtained.

Practical implications
The study finds significant practical and theoretical contributions to the primary caregivers in a health care setting. It helps to understand the interplay of emotions in this job and use EI as an internal resource to mitigate the harmful effects of continued SA emotional labor strategy to job satisfaction.

Social implications
It gains a better understanding of the emotion-related parameters in the nursing profession and gives inputs to the community. It throws light on how internal resources can be used for better job satisfaction which in turn leads to better quality care in the health care industry.

Originality/value
Extant literature has been discussing SA as a negative strategy for positive employee outcomes, but the present study gives insights on how this can be mitigated by using EI as a resource.
Theory of planned behaviour and boycotting: the moderating role of socio-political control and demographics
Authors: Delistavrou Antonia 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study examines the predictive ability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to explain consumers' intentions to boycott “unethical”super market (S/M) products. It aims to expand the TPB by investigating the moderating role of politics and selected demographics in the formation process of behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approachA survey with personal interviews was conducted in the urban area of Thessaloniki, Greece. The two-stage area, in combination with the stratified sampling, resulted in a representative sample of 420 useable questionnaires.FindingsConsumers were found to be mostly influenced by subjective norms to participate in a boycott campaign against “unethical” products, the next time they visited an S/M. Moderation analyses revealed that the effect of subjective norms gets higher in the group of consumers with lower policy control (PC) scores; the effect of attitudes gets higher in those with higher leadership competence (LC) in the society. Furthermore, the effect of attitudes on intentions gets stronger in men, younger than 44 years old, better educated and earning relatively higher incomes.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study to the boycotting research agenda concerns the expanded TPB model; it introduces scantly so far exogenous variables, namely politics and demographics.
Exploring motivations and satisfaction of ecolodge patrons in desert areas of Iran
Authors: Chogan Pouya 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper explores travel motivations and characteristics of European ecotourists who visit ecolodges in desert areas of Iran. It also evaluates 26 ecolodge attributes from the perspective of the European patrons.Design/methodology/approachDifferent methods were adopted for the aim of this study, comprising the importance-performance analysis technique and a questionnaire survey.FindingsA survey of 386 patrons in 12 selected ecolodges found that most European ecotourists were middle-aged to old adults (36–65 years old) and highly educated who traveled with their spouses or friends. Ecotourists generally stayed in ecolodges for 2–5 days to learn and explore nature and be in the wilderness and undisturbed nature. This study also showed that the ecolodges are successful to a large extent, yet they need to focus more on their services and facilities.Practical implicationsDue to the significance of international tourists for the economy, decision-makers and managers must learn about tourists' motivations and travel satisfaction to be able to compete against their rivals in the marketplace. The result of this study may help the owners and managers of ecolodges in desert areas understand the needs and priorities of European tourists.Originality/valueThis study expanded the existing literature of motivations and satisfaction of tourists in the ecolodge industry.
Causal modelling of failure fears for international entrepreneurs in tourism industry: a hybrid Delphi-DEMATEL based approach
Authors: Hashemi Shide Sadat , Amoozad Mahdiraji Hannan , Azari Mostafa , Razavi Hajiagha Seyed Hossein 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to recognise and identify fears of failure in the international entrepreneurship ecosystem and find the effects of these fears on each other to reduce these increasing effects and minimise the mental barriers for potential entrepreneurs. Therefore, this research is beneficial to strengthen international entrepreneurial personality and to reduce the shadows of fears on entrepreneurs’ minds. To address this purpose the international tourism industry has been investigated in the emerging economy of Iran.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is organised based on experts' opinions, and then factors are identified by literature review and are finalised through the Delphi method with a panel of practical and academic experts. These fears are categorised using a questionnaire and factor analysis (FA) technique. The respondents were entrepreneurship students and tourism entrepreneurs. Subsequently, the effect and importance of fears of failure are scored and ranked by some experts. These fears were analysed through decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The results presented the effects of fears of failure in the international entrepreneurial in the tourism industry and the relationship amongst them.FindingsThe first two fears are respectively “fears of future” which are caused by the unclear situation; and “fear of losing credit” that is due to the importance of “personal relationships” in Iranians culture. As pointed out by results, “fear of future” is the most effective group of factors that may lead to other fears too. This fear seems important in the international entrepreneurial tourism industry because of future ambiguity.Originality/valueThis study indicates the relations between groups of fears and offers some practical and applicable solutions to reduce these effects. To the best knowledge of the authors, analysing the relationship between fears amongst the entrepreneurs has not been investigated previously.
CB vs CVB – what is the difference between the tasks and roles of European and North American convention bureaux?
Authors: Latuszek Natalia 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the divergence between the tasks and roles of convention bureaux (CB) in North America and Europe.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey among 55 CB’ managers was conducted. A total of 75% of respondents represented institutions operating in European cities, 25% – in North American ones. This research mainly focused on managers’ opinions about the importance of tasks and roles performed by CB and the degree to which the institutions manage to fulfil them. Therefore, importance-performance analysis was used in the study.

Findings
CB in North America and Europe broadly differ as to the characteristics of both groups of institutions. They include their time of operation, number of employees, annual budget and types of events that CB try to attract to the cities that they represent. There are no such differences when it comes to the importance and performance of institutions’ tasks and roles. The way in which managers evaluate them is quite similar because the respondents pay the closest attention to the roles of a marketer and an agent of a city played by a convention bureau. Differences lie in the meaning assigned by managers to the particular tasks of surveyed institutions.

Originality/value
The survey was carried out on a relatively small sample dominated by European institutions. However, the study attempts at investigating the roles and tasks of CB, with only few previous studies on this topic, including the ones comparing CB’ activity in different countries or on different continents. Moreover, proposed recommendations might be useful for a large group of managers and do not have to be limited only to institutions from Europe and North America.
What is the value of entrepreneurial orientation on the network and performance? An examination in trade fairs context
Authors: Silva Pedro , Teixeira Vale Vera Teixeira , Moutinho Victor Ferreira 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation on the network and exhibitor’s performance. The entrepreneurial orientation is seen as a highly competitive factor for the company, which can foster its trade fair business.Design/methodology/approachA survey-based quantitative approach was adopted, including a questionnaire (n= 362) applied to companies participating in trade fairs. To arrive at results, the study developed structural equations modeling techniques, using SPSS 24 and AMOS 20 software.FindingsThe study demonstrates positive impacts of entrepreneurial orientation on network capability and consequent exhibitor’s non-sales performance and exhibitor’s sales performance. A conceptual model is presented.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was carried out mainly on Portuguese companies, restricting its generalization. In addition, the exhibitor’s performance was measured based on the exhibitors’ level of satisfaction and not on real sales results.Practical implicationsThe study offers a process which the results highlight such as innovativeness, proactivity, risk-taking, competitiveness and autonomy (dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation) as a mix of important ingredients for the exhibitor’s networking. The networking promotes intangible results (non-sales performance) that can generate sales (sales performance).Originality/valueThe study is the first research to apply entrepreneurial orientation in the trade fair context and it also presents a relationship between non-sales performance and sales performance.
Public sector accounting in emerging economies: a review of the papers published in the first decade of Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies
Authors: van Helden Jan , Adhikari Pawan , Kuruppu Chamara 
Published: June 2021

PurposeA review of papers on public sector accounting in emerging economies, as published in the Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies' (JAEE) first decade.Design/methodology/approachA reflection on the issues covered and achievements made in the reviewed papers in the context of extant knowledge in this domain.FindingsA majority of the research in JAEE is dominated by accounting reforms inspired by New Public Management (NPM). Performance management, budgeting and accrual accounting are the main topics in the reviewed research. NPM claims, which can range from usability and use of a new accounting repertoire to desirable impacts on efficiency and service delivery, are often not fulfilled. Many papers attempt to explain failing accounting innovations by the local context in which they are embedded, including political instability, poor governance and a lack of capabilities.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reviews research in a niche journal, but the findings are related to wider public sector accounting literature.Practical implicationsPublic sector practitioners, but also researchers, need to move away from a focus on public sector reforms due to contextual circumstances leading to built-in failures and concentrate instead on understanding how the accounting repertoire works in practice, including routes for improvements therein.Originality/valueAn original framework for analysing public sector accounting research in emerging economies is proposed, which, among others, distinguishes between various ambition levels for achieving NPM reforms.