bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying plausible energy intake for children who attend child care
Authors: Martin Chantel L , Hales Derek P. , Vaughn Amber P. , Ward Dianne S. 
Published: June 2021

Reporting bias is a well‐recognized limitation of dietary recalls. Parent recall of child diet is additionally challenged because parents are often asked to report meals eaten when they are not present. We explored a method for identifying and correcting implausible energy intake (EI) using baseline data from an intervention trial of 324 children, 2–5 years of age. Reported energy intake (rEI) was derived from 2 weekday parent‐reported 24‐hour dietary recalls. Sex‐ and gender‐specific plausible cutoffs were derived for rEI as a percentage of predicted energy requirement (pER) using Dietary Reference Intake equations for estimated energy requirement (eER) that take into account age, weight, height, and physical activity. We calculated ±1 standard deviation (SD) cutoffs. Because parents were not expected to report meals for children while in childcare, meals between 9am–5pm were excluded. eER was adjusted to reflect this exclusion by assuming 50% of meals were eaten at child care. Using the ±1 SD cutoff, 191 children had plausible rEI. In the total sample, there was over‐reporting of EI for 2‐year‐old children (mean rEI as % pER, 105 ± 39), while under‐reporting was observed for 3–5 year old children (rEI/pER < 100%). The ±1 SD cutoff moved rEI closer to pER in both groups. The methods used in this study offer an approach for overcoming challenges that could help lead to more accurate conclusions of dietary associations.Grant Funding Source: NHLBI Grant No. R01HL091093
Stress is associated with poor dietary quality in low‐income women
Authors: Arsenault Joanne E , Muth Mary K , Cates Sheryl C , Anater Andrea , Blitstein Jon , Karns Shawn , Wohlgenant Kelly , Council Mary 
Published: June 2021

Low‐income women are faced with high risk of stress, poor dietary behaviors, and obesity. The impact of these factors on dietary quality in this population is not well characterized. We conducted a cross‐sectional study among 101 non‐pregnant women with a child enrolled in the Cumberland County (NC) WIC Program. We measured dietary intake by 24‐hr recall; calculated Healthy Eating Index‐2005 (HEI‐2005) scores; administered the perceived stress (PS) scale, and 3‐factor eating behavior questionnaire to assess emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE), and cognitive restraint. Sixty‐one percent of the women were obese. The median HEI‐2005 score was 47.8 (interquartile range 40.6 – 60.0). HEI‐2005 did not differ by BMI status. PS was negatively associated with HEI‐2005 (r=−0.26, p=0.01), but EE and UE were not related to HEI‐2005. PS, EE, and UE were negatively associated with the HEI component score of solid fats and added sugars (p<0.01). PS was positively associated with EE (r=0.29, p<0.0001) and UE (r=0.38, p<0.0001). EE was associated with higher BMI (r=0.23, p=0.02). In summary, higher levels of stress were associated with poorer dietary quality and eating behaviors associated with high BMI. Behavioral interventions to reduce stress and modify eating behaviors are warranted in this population.Funding: RTI International Internal Research and Development Award
Identification of Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) binding site on mouse Apolipoprotein E Receptor‐2 (apoER2)
Authors: Kurokawa Suguru , Bellinger Frederick P. , Berry Marla J. 
Published: June 2021

Sepp1 transports selenium from the liver to other tissues. ApoER2, a member of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor family, has been demonstrated to facilitate cellular uptake of Sepp1. Sepp1 binding to the extracellular region of apoER2 is believed to initiate endocytosis and supply selenocysteine to cells. The extracellular region of mouse apoER2 consists of four types of protein modules, the ligand binding repeats (LBR), the epidermal growth factor repeat, the YWTD β‐propeller module and the O‐linked sugar module. The LBR has three disulfide bonds and a calcium‐binding site formed by highly conserved acidic amino acid residues. Sepp1 binding was assessed in HEK293T cells overexpressing mouse apoER2‐GFP fusion proteins. Sepp1 was incubated with mouse serum and washed with PBS, and Sepp1 bound to cells was analyzed by SDS/PAGE and western blot analysis. Sepp1 signal appeared in the apoER2 overexpressing cells but not in the control cells incubated with mouse serum. The Sepp1‐binding region within apoER2 was mapped to the five LBR modules. Using further deletion analysis, we have identified which LBRs bind to Sepp1. We are currently investigating the residues involved in Sepp1‐apoER2 binding.Supported by NIH NIDDK DK047320 and NIMHD G12 MD007601.
THE RESPONSE TO VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION
Authors: Guertin KA , Agler AH , LaBarre J , Parker RS , Kristal AR , Arnold KB , Hartline J , Goodman PJ , Tangen CM , Minasian LM , Lippman SM , Klein E , Cassano PA 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundVitamin E has antioxidant properties, which may promote some health outcomes. Plasma vitamin E levels vary widely, and more so among supplement users, however little is known about individual characteristics that affect the degree to which plasma concentrations increase with supplementation.MethodsWe investigated the association between participant characteristics and change in plasma concentration in response to vitamin E supplementation (400 mg/day all rac α‐tocopheryl acetate) over three years in participants of the Respiratory Ancillary Study (RAS) to the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).ResultsAfrican American men had lower baseline plasma α‐tocopherol concentration, and had a 50% lower increase in concentration in response to supplementation in comparison to others (p<0.0001), independent of cholesterol and other covariates.ConclusionsFuture studies should consider the magnitude of the change in plasma concentration in relation to the effects of supplementation. The lower response in African Americans may indicate less possible benefit, or may indicate metabolic consumption of the supplemented nutrient, thus more benefit.Grant Funding Source: NIH RO1HL071022, NCI/DCPCA37429, NCCAM
Progress in the Development of Federal Resources to Assess Dietary Supplement (DS) Exposures
Authors: Dwyer Johanna , Andrews Karen W , Bailey Regan L , Betz Joseph M , Burt Vicki L , Costello Rebecca B , Emenaker Nancy J , Gahche Jaime J , Hardy Constance J , Pehrsson Pamela R , Roseland Janet M , Saldanha Leila G 
Published: June 2021

Accurate total exposure estimates are necessary to examine the role of nutrients and bioactives with health outcomes, as well as to monitor safety.ObjectiveReview progress in the development of methods and databases to assess exposures from DS.MethodStakeholder meetings and workshops; and an ad hoc Federal Working Group suggest and guide product development.ResultsDS intakes have been added to the NHANES 24‐hr recall questionnaire. An analytically validated DS composition database (DS Ingredient Database) is publicly available through the NLM web portal, which contains adult and child multi‐vitamin and mineral (MVM) DS and calculators to compare declared label with estimated analytical values. OTC prenatal MVM and omega‐3 supplements are now being added. A DS Label Database is under development, with full label information from virtually all DS products offered for sale in the US, and links to a structured vocabulary for indexing DS. A MyDS app lets consumers’ record products they take.ConclusionThese resources will help researchers accurately assess exposure to nutrients and bioactives from DS. Funding: Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health
The contribution of gastroenteropancreatic appetite hormones to protein‐induced satiety
Authors: Astrup Arne , Belza Anita , Ritz Christian , Sørensen Mejse Q , Holst Jens J , Rehfeld Jens F 
Published: June 2021

We studied the hormonal mediation of the satiating effect of protein by a randomized, double‐blind, crossover meal‐test study testing three similar meals with varying protein content. Twentyfive men (BMI: 25.9 kg/m2) were exposed to isocaloric meals with fixed 30E% fat and protein adjusted at the expense of carbohydrate: normal (NP) = 14 E%; medium‐high (MHP) = 25 E% (MHP); high (HP) = 50 E% protein. Protein increased satiety and fullness dose‐dependently compared to NP: 7 and 6% greater for MHP, 16 and 19% greater for HP (P<0.001) respectively. Protein also increased GLP‐1 dose‐dependently: 10% for MHP (3.4±2.4, P=0.02), 20% for HP (6.9±2.4, P<0.0001); PYY by 7% for MHP (P=0.0002) and by 14% for HP (P<0.0001). Glucagon was increased by 47% (P<0.0001) for MHP and by 116% (P<0.0001) for HP. HP increased insulin and CCK, and decreased ghrelin and GIP, compared to NP (P<0.05). There was an interaction between GLP‐1 and PYY 3–36 (P=0.03) as a determinant of satiety, besides the additive effect of GLP‐1 (P=0.006) on composite appetite score. We conclude that protein dose‐dependently increases satiety and that postprandial changes in circulating GLP‐1, PYY and glucagon are partly responsible for the appetite suppressant effect of protein.Supported by grant from Danish Agricultural and Food Council
Effects of prototypical nuclear receptor ligands on the expression of enzymes and transporters in primary human hepatocytes
Authors: Ullrich Anett , Keiser Markus , Sauer Anne , Runge Dieter , Siegmund Werner , Oswald Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Carbamazepin (Carb), efavirenz (Efa), and rifampicin (Rifa) are known to cause substantial drug‐drug interactions by induction of metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins via activation of pregnane × and/or constitutive androstane nuclear receptors (PXR and CAR). In order to provide a comprehensive overview about the complex induction pattern of hepatic metabolizing enzymes and transporter proteins, we investigated the effects of the aforementioned substances in primary human hepatocytes.Whole‐transcript arrays with isolated mRNA from hepatocytes were performed with an Affimetrix GeneChip® after incubation with 0.1% DMSO (control), 10 μM Efa or Rifa or 250 μM Carb, respectively. Expression of 42 regulated genes of metabolism and transport were measured using a TaqMan® low density array.All compounds demonstrated inductive effects on the metabolizing enzymes CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 but showed suppressive effects on CYP2E1. ABCB1 and ABCB4 were induced by Efa and ABCC5 and SLC47A1 by Carb. ABCC2, ABCC4 and ABCG2 were induced by both substances. The expression of ATP dependent efflux transporters with the exception of ABCB11 were increased after incubation with all tested drugs.Carb, Efa and Rifa showed strong effects on the expression of several metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters which might be the reason for clinically observed drug‐drug interactions.
Assessing the quality of dissection: A method for improving anatomy knowledge of first year medical students
Authors: Nwachukwu Chika , Lachman Nirusha , Pawlina Wojciech 
Published: June 2021

Anatomy learned by active exploration in the dissection laboratory has been shown to be beneficial in improving anatomic knowledge, promoting self‐reflection, teamwork, and professionalism. Decreased dissection time may affect the quality of dissection and ultimately retention of gross anatomy knowledge. This could translate to lower student performance in the anatomy course. The purpose of this study was to determine whether evaluating the quality of students’ dissection has an effect on practical examinations performance, mid and end‐course evaluations. Quality of dissections for each team enrolled in a gross anatomy course at Mayo Medical School was evaluated bi‐weekly. Each member of the dissection team received the same score which was calculated towards 5% of their final grade. Dissections were evaluated using a five‐point rubric that incorporates measures for determining whether students had met laboratory learning objectives. Assessment of anatomic knowledge was based on laboratory practical exam scores recorded at intervals throughout the course and achievements on daily audience response system quizzes. Increase in quality of dissection was associated with improvement in practical exams. Teams that received lower dissection scores had lower scores on practical exams. Our results imply that students who achieve daily dissection goals, perform better on the practical examinations.Grant Funding Source: Department of Anatomy
Tracking of serum lipid levels and anthropometric measures from 3–4y to 7–8y
Authors: Vitolo Marcia Regina , Campagnolo Paula Dal Bó 
Published: June 2021

Objectiveto evaluate the tracking effect of serum lipid levels and anthropometric measures from 3–4y to 7–8y.MethodsChildren were enrolled in the study from birth to 7–8 years. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) were obtained at 3–4 years (n=327) and again at 7–8 years (n=315)ResultsThe correlation coefficients for TC, HDL, LDL, and TG in the two assessed periods (n=238) were 0.60, 0.64, 0.62 and 0.40 respectively. For BMI and waist‐to‐height ratio, the coefficients were 0.70 and 0.43 respectively. After adjusting for sex, skin color, mother's education and anthropometric variables, it was observed that the children with altered TC at 3–4 years presented a 1.30 times greater risk (IC95% 1.16–1.46) of having altered TC at 7–8 years. For TG, LDL and HDL the relative risks were 1.22 (IC95% 1.10–1.35), 1.33 (IC95% 1.16–1.53) and 1.39 (IC95% 1.29–1.50) respectively. The children who were overweight at 3–4 years presented a 1.44 times greater risk (IC95% 1.31–1.58) of being overweight at 7–8 years when adjusted for sex, mother's education and skin color while for waist‐to‐height ratio, the RR was 1.18 (IC95%1.25–1.10) using the same adjustments.ConclusionLipids disorders, overweight and high waist‐to‐height ratio in preschool age predicts these outcomes at school age. Research funding: CNPq
Iron Status is Related to Cognitive Performance: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data from the InCHIANTI Study
Authors: Chen Lenis , Patel Kushang V. , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. 
Published: June 2021

Iron deficiency and cognitive performance are global concerns, but longitudinal analyses of their relation in the elderly are almost nonexistent. This study's aim is to investigate the relation between iron status, characterized by multiple blood measures, and cognitive performance in the elderly over time (n= 1153, male (502), female (651); baseline age=65–102 y). Data is from InCHIANTI, an Italian study of elderly mobility. Iron measures include a complete blood count, ferritin, and transferrin receptor and are used to categorize individuals as iron deficient anemic (IDA), iron deficient (ID), iron sufficient (IS), or iron overload (IO). Cognitive measures include the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B, each measured four times over 10 years. Longitudinal analyses using GEE and Tobit models yield a lower MMSE score in IDA compared to IS individuals (p<0.05) and a slower TMT A score in ID compared to IS individuals (p<0.05), controlling for demographics, smoking, and alcohol. Tobit models also yield a slower TMT B score in IDA compared to IS individuals (p<0.05), controlling for TMT A, demographics, smoking, alcohol, nutritional factors, depressive symptoms, and selected medical conditions. In sum, poor iron status may put some elderly at risk for cognitive decline. The importance of screening and treating poor iron status may be critical to elderly cognitive health.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, NIH, and a Procter & Gamble Dissertation Research Award
The effect of two doses of vitamin D3 (400 IU vs. 2000 IU/d) on serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in children with Crohn's disease
Authors: Wingate Kirstin Emma , Jacobson Kevan , Issenman Robert , Brill Herbert , Barker Collin , Israel David , Carroll Matthew , Weiler Hope , Lamers Yvonne , Barr Susan I. , Green Tim J. 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D is crucial for Crohn's disease (CD) patients to maximize bone mineral density and because vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to increased disease activity. We tested whether 2000 IU/d (vs. 400 IU/d) of vitamin D3 yields a higher proportion of children with CD with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration ≥ 50 or ≥ 75 nmol/L. 83 patients (8–18 yr) with quiescent CD (Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) ≤ 10) were randomized to either 400 or 2000 IU/d for 6 months. Clinical and biochemical data were collected at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Using an intention to treat analysis, at 6 months subjects receiving 2000 IU (vs. 400 IU) were more likely to achieve 25OHD ≥ 75 nmol/L (75% vs. 34%; χ2 =13, P<0.001), but proportions ≥ 50 nmol/L did not differ (94% vs. 91%). After adjustment for baseline 25OHD, mean (95% CI) serum 25OHD was higher in the 2000 IU group than the 400 IU group, 90 (84–96) vs. 67 (60–73) nmol/L (p<0.001), respectively. Disease activity assessed by the PCDAI, and serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase concentrations, were similar between groups. Vitamin D supplementation of 2000 IU/d allows most children with quiescent CD to reach serum 25OHD concentrations of ≥ 75 nmol/L, while 400 IU/d is associated with concentrations ≥ 50 nmol/L.Funding: University of British Columbia Vitamin Research Fund
Anti‐inflammatory activities of Lessertia frutescens (Sutherlandia) extract in murine macrophages
Authors: Lei Wei , Browning Jimmy , Eichen Peggy Ann , Lu Chi‐Hua , Folk William , Sun Grace , Fritsche Kevin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionLessertia frutescens (Sutherlandia) is a medicinal plant native to southern Africa and is traditionally used in various inflammatory situations. We sought to characterize the bioactivity of an ethanolic extract from Sutherlandia (SE) using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and primary murine macrophages.Experimental DesignCells were exposed to various concentrations of SE for 30 min, then stimulated with IFNγ along with various toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands for 20 hours. The production of nitric oxide (NO), several pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, as well as the expression of iNOS protein was evaluated 20 hr later.ResultsSE treatment significantly and dose‐dependently reduced NO production induced by the TLR5 ligand, flagellin, TLR4 ligand, LPS, and TLR2/6 ligand, Pam2CSK. Similar effects were observed for RAW 264.7 cells and primary murine macrophages. The impact of SE on iNOS protein expression was consistent with the observed reductions in NO production. SE treatment also diminished the production of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines upon stimulation of macrophages with IFN‐γ and TLR ligands.ConclusionsSutherlandia ethanolic extract has potent anti‐inflammatory activities in murine macrophages. Funding from the Office of Dietary Supplement, NIH: P50 AT006273‐01.Grant Funding Source: ODS, NIH
Effects of capsaicin on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, appetite profile and energy intake in negative energy balance
Authors: Janssens Pilou , Hursel Rick , Martens Eveline , Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet 
Published: June 2021

Capsaicin (CAPS) increases satiety and energy expenditure. We investigated the 36h effects of CAPS on EE, substrate oxidation, appetite profile and ad libitum intake during 25% negative energy balance. 7 female and 8 male subjects, age 29.7±10.8y, BMI 23.3±2.9kg/m2 underwent four 36h sessions in a respiration chamber. They received 100% or 75% of their daily energy requirements at 100%Control, 100%CAPS, 75%Control and 75%CAPS (dosage 2.56 mg (1.03 g of red pepper, 39.050 SHU) per meal. At 75%CAPS vs. 100%Control, diet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT), resting energy expenditure (REE) and sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) did not differ from 100%Control, while at 75%Control these were lower (all p<0.05); Fat oxidation at 75%CAPS vs. 100%Control (p=0.03) was higher, but not at 75%Control. Respiratory quotient (RQ) decreased more at 75%CAPS (p=0.04) than at 75%Control (p=0.05) vs. 100%Control. Satiety (p<0.01) and fullness (p<0.01) were higher and desire to eat (p<0.05) was lower at 100%CAPS vs. 100%Control. Ad libitum intake (p=0.07) and overconsumption (p=0.06) tended to decrease in 100%CAPS vs. 100%Control. In conclusion, in negative energy balance CAPS counteracted decreases in SMR, DIT and REE, and increased fat oxidation relatively more in negative energy balance. CAPS tended to prevent overeating during ad libitum intake and suppressed the orexigenic and enhanced anorexigenic sensations in energy balance.Grant Funding Source: McCormick EMEA and the McCormick Science Institute
Amino acid infusion attenuates skeletal muscle protein breakdown in children with severe burns
Authors: Porter Craig , Cotter Matthew , Herndon David N , Sidossis Labros S , Børsheim Elisabet 
Published: June 2021

Following a severe burn, skeletal muscle amino acids (AA) are mobilized to act as precursors for wound healing, the immune response and acute phase protein synthesis. The fact that the hypermetabolic, hyperinflammatory stress response to burn injury persists for several years post injury, suggests that sustained exogenous AA provision may play an important role in providing adequate AAs for the pathophysiological response to burns, thus attenuating skeletal muscle protein breakdown (MPB).Twelve pediatric patients (11.9±4.9 years) with large burns (55±15% of total body surface area) (mean±SD) underwent stable isotope infusion studies 22±3 months post injury. A primed constant infusion of L‐[ring‐2H5] phenylalanine was used to assess skeletal muscle AA kinetics in the fasted state and during a three hour AA infusion.MPB was reduced by AA infusion (428±73 vs. 237±37 nmol·min−1 100ml leg volume−1, P<0.05), resulting in significant improvement in AA retention across the leg (synthesis‐breakdown) relative to the fasted period (−72±19 vs. 41±26 nmol·min−1 100ml leg volume−1, P<0.05) (mean±SEM). Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) did not significantly change in response to AAs.These findings indicate that AA infusion improves skeletal muscle AA retention in children with severe burns two years post injury by attenuating MPB, not by elevating MPS. This suggests that adequate AA provision plays an important role in maintaining muscle mass in burned patients long after wound closure and discharge from hospital.Supported by the National Institutes of Health (P50‐GM60338) and Shriners Hospitals for Children (84090, 84080 and 71006).
Iron Biofortified Pearl Millet Improves Iron Status in Indian School Children: Results of a Feeding Trial
Authors: Haas Jere D. , Finkelstein Julia L. , Udipi Shobha A , Ghugre Padmini , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of an iron biofortified pearl millet intervention on iron status in children.Methods246 children (11–18 y) were enrolled in a randomized trial of an iron biofortified pearl millet intervention (vs. control pearl millet), daily for a 6 month period in India. Iron status (hemoglobin, ferritin, sTfR), inflammation (CRP, AGP), and anthropometric indices were determined at enrolment, 3, and 6 months. Linear and binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on iron status in children.Results43.6% of children were iron deficient (serum ferritin <15.0 μg/L) and 27.9% were anemic (Hb <12.0 g/dL) at baseline. After 3 months there was an overall effect of the iron biofortified pearl millet intervention on serum ferritin in previously iron deficient subjects. Also, the intervention resolved 65% of iron deficiency in children, and was associated with a two‐fold increase in the likelihood of resolving iron deficiency at 6 months (RR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.15–3.27; P=0.01).ConclusionsSupplementation with iron biofortified pearl millet significantly resolved iron deficiency in children within 6 months.Funding Source: Harvest Plus