bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Arctic light conditions on crop production and quality
Authors: Mølmann Jørgen A. B. , Dalmannsdottir Sigridur , Hykkerud Anne Linn , Hytönen Timo , Samkumar Amos , Jaakola Laura 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe natural light conditions above the Arctic Circle are unique in terms of annual variation creating special growth conditions for crop production. These include low solar elevations, very long daily photosynthetic light periods, midnight sun/absence of dark nights, and altered spectral distribution depending on solar elevation. All these factors are known to affect the growth and the metabolism of plants, although their influence on northern crop plants has not yet been reviewed. The ongoing global warming is especially affecting the temperature × light interactions in the Arctic, and understanding the impact on crop production and plant metabolism will be important for an Arctic contribution to global food production. Arctic light conditions have a strong influence on the timing of plant development, which together with temperature limits the number of cultivars suitable for Arctic agriculture. This review compiles information from the reports about the effects of light conditions at high latitudes on growth, biomass production, flowering and quality of the crop plants and discusses the gained knowledge and the key gaps to be addressed.
Incidence and mortality from thyroid cancer in Latin America
Authors: de Morais Fernandes Fábia Cheyenne Gomes , de Souza Dyego Leandro Bezerra , Curado Maria Paula , de Souza Talita Araujo , de Almeida Medeiros Arthur , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in Latin America.MethodsEcological study of time series, with incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer for the 1990–2012 period and mortality data of 16 countries obtained from WHO for the 1995–2013 period. The trends of incidence rates were analysed by the Joinpoint regression. Average annual percentage change and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for incidence and mortality.ResultsIncidence and mortality from thyroid cancer in Latin America were higher in women, with the highest incidence rate in women in Quito (Ecuador) aged 40–59 years: 42.2 new cases per 100 000 inhabitants, and mortality of 4.8/100 000 in women over 60. Thyroid cancer incidence increased in women of all age groups in Cali (Colombia), Costa Rica and Quito (Ecuador); and in men in Costa Rica. Incidence rates were stable above the age of 60 years in Cali, in Goiania (Brazil), Quito (Ecuador) and Valdivia (Chile) in men, and in women in Goiania (Brazil) and Valdivia (Chile). Mortality among women increased in Ecuador (AAPC = 3.28 CI 95% 1.36; 5.24), Guatemala (AAPC = 6.14 CI 95% 2.81; 9.58) and Mexico (AAPC = 0.67 CI 95% 0.16; 1.18).ConclusionsThyroid cancer incidence in Latin America is high and rising in women. Mortality remains stable in most countries of Latin America.
Preparation, characterisation and comparative toxicity of nanopermethrin against Anophelesstephensi and Culexpipiens
Authors: Ebrahimnejad Pedram , Nikookar Seyed Hassan , Fazeli‐Dinan Mahmoud , Payman Ziapour Seyed , Farmoudeh Ali , Babaei Amirhossein , Enayati Ahmadali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of nanopermethrin as a potential new formulation for pest and vector control.MethodsPermethrin nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method and its structure and the formulations were designed using Box–Behnken statistical technique. The effect of independent variables (Chitosan/Permethrin ratio, tripolyphosphate quantity, sonication time) on the properties of nanoparticles was investigated to determine the optimal formulation.ResultsThe size of the nanoparticles ranged from 135.27 ± 5.88 to 539.5 ± 24.01 nm and the insecticide entrapment efficiency per cent (EE%) ranged from 7.72 ± 1.36 to 63.59 ± 3.17%. Anopheles stephensi larvae were then bioassayed with the nanopermethrin and compared with the results of the bioassay with the mother molecule of permethrin using a standard WHO‐recommended mosquito larval bioassay kit. LC50 with permethrin and nanopermethrin on larvae of An. stephensi were 0.125 and 0.026 ppm showing a 4.8 times difference. The LC50 for permethrin and nanopermethrin on Culex pipiens were 0.003 and 0.00032 ppm, respectively, showing a 9.4‐fold difference.ConclusionNanopermethrin is much more potent than its mother molecule against larvae of An. stephensi and Cx. pipiens.
A computational modeling on transient heat and fluid flow through a curved duct of large aspect ratio with centrifugal instability
Authors: Dolon Shamsun Naher , Hasan Mohammad Sanjeed , Lorenzini Giulio , Mondal Rabindra Nath 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to remarkable applications of the curved ducts in engineering fields, scientists have paid much attention to invent new characteristics of curved-duct flow in mechanical systems. In the ongoing study, a computational modeling of fluid flow and energy distribution through a curved rectangular duct of large aspect ratio is presented. Governing equations are enumerated by using a spectral-based numerical technique together with the function expansion and collocation method. The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the effect of centrifugal force in the flow transition as well as heat transfer in the fluid. The investigations are performed for the aspect ratio, Ar = 4; the curvature ratio, $$\delta = 0.5$$

δ
=
0.5

; the Grashof number, $${\text{Gr}} = 1000$$

Gr
=
1000

; and varying the Dean number, $$0 < {\text{Dn}} \le 1000.$$

0
<
Dn
≤
1000
.

It is found that various types of flow regimes including steady-state and irregular oscillations occur as Dn is increased. To well understand the characteristics of the flow phase spaces and power spectrum of the solutions are performed. Next, pattern variations of axial and secondary flow velocity with isotherms are illustrated for different Dn’s. It is revealed that the flow velocity and the isotherms are significantly influenced by the duct curvature and the aspect ratio. Convective heat transfer and temperature gradients are calculated which explores that the fluids are diversified due to centrifugal instability, and as a consequence the overall heat transfer is enhanced significantly in the curved duct.
Nevergrad
Authors: Bennet Pauline , Doerr Carola , Moreau Antoine , Rapin Jeremy , Teytaud Fabien , Teytaud Olivier 
Published: April 2021

Nevergrad is an open source platform for black-box optimization.
Join the user group!
And if you like Nevergrad, please support us by adding a star on GitHub (https://github.com/facebookresearch/nevergrad).
Antenatal Hypoxia Affects Pulmonary Artery Contractile Functions via Downregulating L‐type Ca
2+
Channels Subunit Alpha1 C in Adult Male Offspring
Authors: Li Huan , Ji Bingyu , Xu Ting , Zhao Meng , Zhang Yingying , Sun Miao , Xu Zhice , Gao Qinqin 
Published: April 2021

Background
Antenatal intrauterine fetal hypoxia is a common pregnancy complication that has profound adverse effects on an individual's vascular health later in life. Pulmonary arteries are sensitive to hypoxia, but adverse effects of antenatal hypoxia on pulmonary vasoreactivities in the offspring remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects and related mechanisms of antenatal hypoxia on pulmonary artery functions in adult male offspring.

Methods and Results

Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were housed in a normoxic or hypoxic (10.5% O
2
) chamber from gestation days 10 to 20. Male offspring were euthanized at 16 weeks old (adult offspring). Pulmonary arteries were collected for vascular function, electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promoter methylation studies. In pulmonary artery rings, contractions to serotonin hydrochloride, angiotensin II, or phenylephrine were reduced in the antenatal hypoxic offspring, which resulted from inactivated L‐type Ca
2+
channels. In pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, the basal whole‐cell Ca
2+
currents, as well as vasoconstrictor‐induced Ca
2+
transients were significantly reduced in antenatal hypoxic offspring. In addition, increased promoter methylations within L‐type Ca
2+
channel subunit alpha1 C were compatible with its reduced expressions.

Conclusions

This study indicated that antenatal hypoxia programmed long‐lasting vascular hypocontractility in the male offspring that is linked to decreases of L‐type Ca
2+
channel subunit alpha1 C in the pulmonary arteries. Antenatal hypoxia resulted in pulmonary artery adverse outcomes in postnatal offspring, was strongly associated with reprogrammed L‐type Ca
2+
channel subunit alpha1 C expression via a DNA methylation‐mediated epigenetic mechanism, advancing understanding toward the effect of antenatal hypoxia in early life on long‐term vascular health.
Is There a Body without Flesh?
Authors: Hefty Karl 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the theme of sense and nonsense as it pertains to the phenomenological problem of “flesh.” It raises two sets of questions: 1) What is the relation of flesh to body and body to flesh? It is possible to admit the materiality of the corporeal condition while maintaining the phenomenological privilege of flesh and life? Or must one deny the privilege of flesh in favor of a more moderate “balance” of flesh and body? 2) How does the phenomenality of flesh and body go together with the theological reality of the Incarnation of the Word? How is the passage into theology effected in phenomenology when it is a question of body and flesh? The article objects to Emmanuel Falque’s interpretation of Michel Henry, enters into recent scholarship relating phenomenology and cognitive science, and questions whether incarnation can be adequately described by a phenomenology in which perception is ultimate.
Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA) Reversal for Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Intracranial and Nonintracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Hunt Aleah R. , Coffeen Shawn N. , Shiltz Dane L. , Ice Calvin , Parker Jessi 
Published: April 2021

Background: The clinical use of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA) for factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor reversal is derived from small studies with notable variation in patient eligibility for use, dosage regimens, concurrent supportive care, and outcome measures. Consequently, additional effectiveness and safety data are warranted to expand the literature evaluating FEIBA for FXa inhibitor reversal. Objective: This study sought to determine the incidence of observed effective hemostasis within 24 hours of post-FEIBA® administration as well as in-hospital and 30-day post-discharge incidences of thromboembolic event (TEE) and mortality between apixaban and rivaroxaban in the intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and non-ICH populations. Methods: This case series evaluated patients between January 1, 2014 through July 1, 2019 who received at least one FEIBA® dose for apixaban or rivaroxaban reversal secondary to acute ICH or non-ICH. Patient demographics, FEIBA® dosages, adjunct treatments, effectiveness, and safety outcomes were retrospectively collected from electronic medical record review. Modified hemostasis outcomes, adapted from criteria previously published by Sarode et al., TEE, and mortality between apixaban and rivaroxaban in the ICH and non-ICH populations were evaluated. Results: Among the 104 patients evaluated, 62 received apixaban and 42 rivaroxaban. Thirty apixaban and 25 rivaroxaban users experienced ICH, whereas 32 apixaban and 17 rivaroxaban users experienced non-ICH. Among the combined ICH and non-ICH populations, effective hemostasis occurred in 89%, TEE in 8%, and mortality in 13%. No statistically significant differences were observed within ICH and non-ICH populations receiving apixaban or rivaroxaban regarding effective hemostasis, TEE, or mortality. Conclusion and Relevance: The combined ICH and non-ICH overall rates of effective hemostasis, TEE, and mortality were comparable to preexisting studies of FEIBA for factor Xa inhibitor reversal. The limitations inherent to the study design warrant a randomized controlled trial with an active comparator to confirm these observations.
DigiKnowIt News: Educating youth about pediatric clinical trials using an interactive, multimedia educational website
Authors: Parker Alison E. , Scull Tracy M. , Morrison Abigail M. 
Published: April 2021

Pediatric clinical trials allow for the testing of appropriate and effective treatments for children. However, some challenges exist with recruitment. This study examined the effectiveness of DigiKnowIt News, an interactive, multimedia website (which includes activities, videos, and comic books) designed to educate children about clinical trials. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018 with 91 participants ( M age = 10.92 years; SD = 2.06). Participants were randomly assigned to intervention or wait-list control groups and completed questionnaires at pretest and posttest (1 week later) about their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs about clinical trials, and self-efficacy for participating in clinical trials. Participants in the intervention group received access to DigiKnowIt News between pretest and posttest and completed a satisfaction questionnaire at posttest. At the end of the study, participants in the wait-list control group were offered the option to use the website and complete a satisfaction questionnaire. At posttest, participants in the intervention group, compared to participants in the wait-list control group, had more knowledge about clinical trials and more reported confidence for participating in clinical trials. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with DigiKnowIt News. The findings suggest that an educational website can improve factors related to increasing rates of participation in clinical trials.
Post-marketing reports of pancreatitis in eluxadoline-treated patients pre and post US label change
Authors: Cash Brooks D. , Lacy Brian E. , Watton Cheryl , Schoenfeld Philip S. , Weissman Darren 
Published: April 2021

Background: Eluxadoline, a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), underwent a change to its US prescribing information on 21 April 2017, contraindicating it in patients without a gallbladder due to increased risk of pancreatitis. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of eluxadoline’s label change on the number of reported spontaneous adverse events (AEs) of pancreatitis. Methods: A pharmacovigilance database (Oracle Argus) was searched for eluxadoline use and spontaneously reported pancreatitis cases from 1 January 2016 to 30 June 2018. Pancreatitis cases were reported as a proportion of the total number of reported AE cases in the safety database. The FDA’s adverse event reporting system (AERS) was also interrogated for cases of pancreatitis concomitantly reported with eluxadoline use. Results: In patients who received eluxadoline, 273 reported cases of pancreatitis were recorded (total AEs n = 2191; 12.5%). When known, 28.2% of patients reporting pancreatitis had intact gallbladders (49/174). Eluxadoline was withdrawn in 97.5% of cases, with 87.1% of patients improving or recovered at time of reporting. Importantly, the reporting proportion of pancreatitis cases decreased from 14.4% to 8.9% post label change. Findings were supported by the AERS results, which demonstrated a decrease in reporting proportion from 21.2% to 12.8%. Conclusions: While cautious interpretation is warranted, post-marketing data indicate that the contraindication of eluxadoline in patients without a gallbladder led to reduced reported cases of pancreatitis, with no additional reports of moderately severe or severe cases. Eluxadoline is a safe and well-tolerated treatment option for IBS-D when used according to the label.
Initiating Insulin in the Emergency Center and Urgent Care to Prevent Hospital Admission for Patients with Hyperglycemia: A Unique Insulin Starter Kit
Authors: Davidson Janet L. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Conry Jessica A. , Taswell Ruth , Carlson Anders L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Clinicians in the Emergency Center (EC) and Urgent Care (UC) can play a vital role in preventing hospital admissions and improving outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed diabetes or pre-existing diabetes who present with hyperglycemia and the need to initiate insulin. Methods: This article describes a unique EC/UC discharge insulin starter kit protocol with clinician instructions via an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) order set that includes: starting doses for insulin, a prescription for glucose monitoring supplies, and an emergent referral to diabetes education at International Diabetes Center. Patients receive insulin during the EC/UC visit and are provided an insulin pen to take home. Nurses from the EC or UC review and provide educational material on how to use an insulin pen, treating hypoglycemia and healthy eating. The Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CDCES) sees patients within 24-72 hours after the referral is placed. Results: Within our single healthcare system’s EC and UC (multiple sites), the kit has enabled clinicians to metabolically stabilize patients and decrease the need for hospitalization without experiencing hypoglycemia. In the recent three years of use, of 42 patients given the insulin starter kit, there were only 2 patients with repeat EC/UC visits within the first six months (1 hyperglycemia and 1 hypoglycemia). Conclusions: An insulin starter kit and EMR-based order set initiated in the EC/UC setting is a tool that can be used to improve the quality of care for people with newly diagnosed or pre-existing diabetes experiencing significant hyperglycemia.
Association between the type of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older adult residents of a semi-mountainous area in Japan
Authors: Kudo Noriko , Nishide Ritsuko , Mizutani Mayumi , Ogawa Shota , Tanimura Susumu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is reported to prevent metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear whether exercise or daily physical activity is more beneficial for residents of semi-mountainous areas. This study aimed to identify whether daily physical activity is more beneficial than exercise for the prevention of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older residents in semi-mountainous areas.

Methods
We analyzed secondary data of 636 people who underwent a specific health checkup in a semi-mountainous area of Japan. Physical activity was classified into four types: inactivity (I-type; without exercise and without daily physical activity), only exercise (E-type; with exercise and without daily physical activity), only daily physical activity (D-type; without exercise and with daily physical activity), and full physical activity type (F-type; with exercise and with daily physical activity). We compared the means of risk factors for metabolic syndrome by these four types, followed by logistic regression analysis, to identify whether and to what extent the D-type was less likely to have metabolic syndrome than the E-type.

Results
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 28.5% (men 45.7%, women 15.8%). The proportions of men with exercise and daily physical activity were 38.7% and 52.8%, respectively. For women, the proportions were 33.0% and 47.1%, respectively. In women, the D-type had the significantly lowest BMI, smallest waist circumference, highest HDL-C, and lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the four types; the same was not observed in men. Additionally, D-type activity was more strongly associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome than E-type activity in women (adjusted odds ratio 0.24; 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.85, P = 0.028).

Conclusions
Compared to middle-aged and older women residents with exercise in a semi-mountainous area of Japan, those with daily physical activity may effectively prevent metabolic syndrome.
Deciphering hierarchical organization of topologically associated domains through change-point testing
Authors: Xing Haipeng , Wu Yingru , Zhang Michael Q. , Chen Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe nucleus of eukaryotic cells spatially packages chromosomes into a hierarchical and distinct segregation that plays critical roles in maintaining transcription regulation. High-throughput methods of chromosome conformation capture, such as Hi-C, have revealed topologically associating domains (TADs) that are defined by biased chromatin interactions within them.ResultsWe introduce a novel method, HiCKey, to decipher hierarchical TAD structures in Hi-C data and compare them across samples. We first derive a generalized likelihood-ratio (GLR) test for detecting change-points in an interaction matrix that follows a negative binomial distribution or general mixture distribution. We then employ several optimal search strategies to decipher hierarchical TADs withpvalues calculated by the GLR test. Large-scale validations of simulation data show that HiCKey has good precision in recalling known TADs and is robust against random collisions of chromatin interactions. By applying HiCKey to Hi-C data of seven human cell lines, we identified multiple layers of TAD organization among them, but the vast majority had no more than four layers. In particular, we found that TAD boundaries are significantly enriched in active chromosomal regions compared to repressed regions.ConclusionsHiCKey is optimized for processing large matrices constructed from high-resolution Hi-C experiments. The method and theoretical result of the GLR test provide a general framework for significance testing of similar experimental chromatin interaction data that may not fully follow negative binomial distributions but rather more general mixture distributions.
Parallel analysis of global garlic gene expression and alliin content following leaf wounding
Authors: Yang Xuqin , Su Yiren , Wu Jiaying , Wan Wen , Chen Huijian , Cao Xiaoying , Wang Junjuan , Zhang Zhong , Wang Youzhi , Ma Deliang , Loake G. J. , Jiang Jihong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAllium sativum(garlic) is an economically important food source and medicinal plant rich in sulfides and other protective substances such as alliin, the precursor of allicin biosynthesis. Cysteine, serine and sulfur is the precursor of alliin biosynthesis. However, little is known about the alliin content under abiotic stress or the mechanism by which it is synthesized.ResultsThe findings revealed that the content of alliin was lowest in the garlic roots, and highest in the buds. Furthermore, alliin levels decreased in mature leaves following wounding. Transcriptome data generated over time after wounding further revealed significant up-regulation of genes integral to the biosynthetic pathways of cysteine and serine in mature garlic leaves.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that differential expression of cysteine, serine and sulfide-related genes underlies the accumulation of alliin and its precursors in garlic, providing a basis for further analyses of alliin biosynthesis.