bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsuccessful Intervention of CT-Assisted Osteosynthesis for Stress Fractures of the Hook of the Hamate
Authors: Satake Hiroshi , Naganuma Yasushi , Shibuya Junichiro , Honma Ryusuke , Nito Toshiya , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We performed computed tomography (CT)-assisted dorsal approach osteosynthesis for stress fractures of the hook of the hamate using the dorsal approach in 3 high school baseball players in the hybrid operating room. Bony union was observed in all patients on CT. All patients were able to play baseball without pain for at least 6 months after surgery. However, refractures were observed in all patients at a mean 9.7 months after surgery.

Conclusion:
The indications of osteosynthesis for stress fractures of the hook of the hamate in baseball players should be carefully considered.
Contemporary Citizenship
Authors: Turner Bryan S. 
Published: June 2021

The paper begins with an examination of three ideal types citizenship which are not necessarily mutual exclusive. The first type is national citizenship, typically associated with ethno-nationalism. The second form is social citizenship or ‘welfare citizenship’ refers to the creation of social rights and is closely connected to civil-society institutions rather than to the state or market. The third form of citizenship identifies the citizen with participation in the work force emphasizing self-reliance and autonomy. In this discussion, I argue that with economic globalization and the development of neo-liberal strategies the various forms of citizenship have converged towards a new model of passive citizenship in which the state is or has withdrawn from commitment to full employment and the provision of social security, especially universal provision of welfare services, and civil-society institutions have been eroded. The result is the emergence of the apolitical,isolated citizen as consumer. The fourth model of citizenship presupposes a consumer society, a weak state and the decline of civic institutions, where the passive citizen becomes a consumer of privatized goods and services. The rise of a fourth model of citizenship – the consumer-citizen – can be interpreted as a logical consequence of financialization.1
1 Some aspects of this chapter first appeared in Bryan S. Turner (2010), ‘Ralf Dahrendorf on Citizenship and Life Chances’, Citizenship Studies, 14 (2): 237–43.
Intercultural Public Intellectual Engagement
Authors: Modood Tariq 
Published: June 2021

The article firstly examines the different conceptions of dialogue and reason within political theory, especially in the work of Rawls. Secondly we explore multicultural political theorists who have been motivated less by abstract reasoning by a sole reasoner or identical identity-less individuals and more by dialogue. For such multiculturalists, the principles of social justice are not known in advance or simply by reason, but are arrived at by conflict and learning, by dialogue and negotiation in circumstances of inequality and minority-claims making. In response to the multiculturalists, interculturalists allege that multiculturalism is too focused on the macro and the conflictual, and dialogue should be redirected to the micro and the cooperative. Although I welcome the interculturalists’ focus on micro-relations, this does not require abandoning the idea of dialogue at the level of political controversies and public discourses. It is not an either–or choice because groups and intergroup problems exist in society and cannot be simply handled at a micro level of contact, interaction and sociability. The kind of macro-level dialogue that I am speaking of can also be understood as a form of public intellectual engagement that can contribute to societal dialogues.1
1This article is a reprint of Tariq Modood (2017) ‘Intercultural public intellectual engagement’ in Fethi Mansouri (ed) Interculturalism at the Crossroads: Comparative perspectives on concepts, policies and practice, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, France, 83-102.
The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Kanwar Badar , Lee Chul Joong , Balentine Jenny , Khattak Asif , Kast R. E. , Oh Sang-Suk , Sergi Consolato 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Clinicians considered dapsone administration to treat SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome. Dapsone is helpful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3).Objective To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by dapsone must be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor.Methods This is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). We set out to use objective criteria of improvement, such as A. a reduction in the FIO2 requirement and B. a decrease in the progression of hypoxia. We treated the patients with standard COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) treatment with dapsone. The RCT results were analyzed.Results ARDS progression was blocked in 17 of 19 total patients at the first period. The 44 (trial 22/ control 22) subjects were analyzed during the second period. The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is .02280. (RR 0.21, OR 0.1) Fisher's exact test statistic value is 0.0433. (The result is significant at p < .05) (RR 0.15, OR 0) It is significant at the ARDS onset stage.Conclusion There was a significant difference in dapsone treatment results in the ARDS-onset group. We confirmed that dapsone clinically treated the onset of ARDS by targeting SARS-CoV-2-activated inflammasomes. Like chemically reacting substances, inflammasome and dapsone compete, proving that it is effective in early ARDS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04918914
Injection of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles To Treat Spinal Cord Injury In Rats
Authors: Behroozi Zahra , Rahimi Behnaz , Hamblin Michael R , Nasirinezhad Farinaz , Janzadeh Atousa , Ramezani Fatemeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction: The present study, investigated the local injection of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) into Spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions in rats, and the effect on motor performance and neuropathic pain, together with biochemical markers.Methods: 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (healthy animals); sham group (laminectomy); SCI group (laminectomy+SCI induction); treatment group (laminectomy + SCI induction + intrathecal injection of 10 µL of CeONPs (1000 µg/mL) immediately after injury). SCI was induced by application of an aneurysm clip at the T12-T13 vertebral region. Immediately after SCI, CeONPs were injected into the treatment group with a Hamilton syringe and micropipet. H&E staining and measurement of the size of the cavity were performed after 6 weeks, and the BBB motor performance test and pain threshold test were performed weekly. GCSF expression, P44/42 MAPK (ERK1/ERK2), P-P44/42 MAPK (ERK1/ERK2), total Tau, total MAG, β-actin were evaluated after 6 weeks.Results: The BBB score and pain threshold improved in animals receiving CeONPs compared with SCI animals. The size of the cavity decreased in the treatment group. GCSF protein expression levels were similar in animals receiving CeONPs compared with the SCI group, but the expression of ERK1/ERK2 and phospho-ERK was lower compared with the SCI group. The expression levels of Tau and MAG were significantly increased in treated animals compared to the SCI group.Conclusion: The use of CeONPs in SCI could improve motor functional recovery, reduce pain and increase nerve cell regeneration.
Derivation of visual timing-tuned neural responses from early visual stimulus representations
Authors: Hendrikx Evi , Paul Jacob , Ackooij Martijn van , Stoep Nathan van der , Harvey Ben 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Quantifying the timing (duration and frequency) of brief visual events is vital to human perception, multisensory integration and action planning. Tuned neural responses to visual event timing have been found in areas of the association cortices implicated in these processes. Here we ask whether and where the human brain derives these timing-tuned responses from the responses of early visual cortex, which monotonically increase with event duration and frequency. Using 7T fMRI and neural model-based analyses, we find a gradual transition from monotonically increasing to timing-tuned neural responses beginning in area MT/V5. Therefore, successive stages of visual processing gradually derive timing-tuned response components from the inherent modulation of sensory responses by event timing. This additional timing-tuned response component was independent of retinotopic location. We propose that this hierarchical derivation of timing-tuned responses from sensory processing areas quantifies sensory event timing while abstracting temporal representations from the spatial properties of their inputs.
Monitoring Technique For Heavy Metal Assessment In Different Locations of Punjab Using Feathers of Feral Pigeons (Columbia Livia)
Authors: Kaur Simranjit , Sood Prerna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the major environmental issues due to their large number of sources and their diligence. The amount of heavy metals in washed and unwashed feral pigeon feathers were investigated in this paper. The feathers were collected from five distant locations: Agronomy Farm Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Cold Storage Jalandhar Bypass, Cold Storage Mullanpur, Jalandhar FCI and Hoshiarpur FCI. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used to analyse the concentration of heavy metals (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium and Lead). The high metal concentration in two areas (Hoshiarpur FCI and Jalandhar Bypass) as compare to other three areas is due to much more industries and anthropogenic activities. Mean values of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr were statistically significant different in the five collection sites. Metal concentrations are related to contact time or external exposure, as shown by significant differences in Cd, Pb, and Cr concentrations in washed and unwashed feathers. According to our analysis, bird’s feather can be used to quantify the environmental heavy metals. It can also be recommended that unwashed feathers were proficient to explore exogenous and endogenous absorption of the heavy metals.
Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Bacteriome of Usherhopper, Poekilocerus bufonius (Klug) from Hadda, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Baeshen Nabih A. , Majeed Mazen A. , Alotaibi Mohammed Abdullah T , Alnefai Mohamed Hamed , Abulfaraj Aala A. , Baeshen Naseebh N. , Embrandiri Asha , Baeshen Mohammed N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:Microbial communities that colonize insect guts contribute positively to the absorption of nutrients, immunity and the overall health of the host. Recent studies have been tapered towards only economically important arthropods, particularly honeybees. On the other hand, arthropods such as grasshoppers are considered as pests because they create havoc leading to economic losses. Grasshoppers are considered phytophagous pests that have a large appetite for plant fibers, whose digestion depend largely on the bacterial communities in their guts. This study characterises the gut microbiome in Usherhopper, Poekilocerus bufonius using the metagenomics methods through the next generation sequencing (NGS). Results:A total of 59,072,222 bacterial reads were recorded which were classified into phylum and genus levels. Proteobacteria were the most shared at the phylum-level whereas Wolbachia were the most dominant genera based on the total reads. Conclusions: The host-microbiome interactions and their perceived influence on the ecosystem are yet to be fully explained, therefore a detailed study is pivotal in order to enforce effective conservation and pest management.
Clinical Experience on Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in 210 Severe and Critical COVID-19 Cases in Turkey
Authors: Ercelen Nesrin , Pekkoc-Uyanik Kubra Cigdem , Alpaydin Nagihan , Gulay Gokay Rasit , Simsek Murat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTreatment for COVID-19 is still urgent need for the critically ill and severe cases. UC-MSC administration has a therapeutic benefit for severe COVID-19 patients even in the recovery period. In this paper, we aimed to present our clinical experience with UC-MSC treatment in severe and critical severe COVID-19 patients.MethodsIn this study we evaluated the clinical outcome of severe/critically severe 210 COVID-19 patients treated with UC-MSCs, 1-2×106 per kilogram to 210 patients from 15/10/2020 until 25/04/2021. ResultsOut of 99 critically severe intubated patients we have observed good clinical progress/discharged from ICU in 52 (52.5%) patients. Where as 86 (77.5%) of 111 severe unintubated patients discharged from ICU. Intubated 47 (47.5%) patients and unintubated 25 (22.5%) patients pass away. Significantly higher survival was observed in patients who underwent UC-MSCs before intubation (OR=1.475, 95% CI=1.193-1.824 p<0.001). It was observed that the SaO2 parameter tended to improve after UC-MSC therapy compared to all groups. But SaO2 parameter between intubated and unintubated groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05), while in discharged cases SaO2 parameter was statistically significant (p= 0.01). Besides, there was a statistically significant relation with intubation status, age (OR= 3.868, 95% CI=0.574-7.152 p=0.02) and weigh (OR=6.768, 95% CI=3.423-10.112 p<0.001) thus presented an elevated risk for COVID-19. The linear regression analysis confirmed that the high weight was associated with the risk of intubation in COVID-19 (p=0.001). Conclusions﻿According to our results and from recent studies, UC-MSC treatment is safe with high potential to be used as an added therapeutic treatment for severe COVID-19 patients. Our experience showed that UC-MSC therapy may restore oxygenation and downregulate cytokine storm in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19. We advice wider randomised studies to discover the detailed therapeutic pathophysiology of the MSCs on COVID-19 patients.
Experimentally Predicted Optimum Processing Parameters Assisted by Numerical Analysis on the Multi-physicomechanical Characteristics of Coir Fiber Reinforced Recycled High Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Awodi Ene , Ishiaku Umaru Semo , Yakubu Mohammed Kabir , Abifarin Johnson Kehinde 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of processing parameters in the fabrication of coir fiber recycled high density polyethylene composite through experimental data and Taguchi grey relational analysis. Three processing parameters; fiber conditions, fiber length, and fiber loading with mixed level design, having orthogonal array L32 (2**1 4**2) were employed in the preparation of polymer composite. Numerical analysis assisted by Taguchi design was conducted on the experimental multi-physicomechanical characteristics of the polymer composite for optimum processing parameters. The optimum grey relational grade was gotten to be 0.8286 and was experimentally validated with 95% confidence interval. The optimum processing parameters were discovered to be a treated fiber having 8 mm length at 30% loading. Although, other processing parameters are significant, but fiber loading is the most significant parameter. Correspondingly, the contribution of residual error on the overall multi-physicomechanical characteristics is insignificant having 2.43% of contribution.
Impact of Hemolysis on Multi-OMIC Pancreatic Biomarker Discovery: Derisking Precision Medicine Biomarker Development
Authors: Searfoss Richard , Shah Punit , Ofori-Mensa Kennedy , Bussberg Valerie , Tolstikov Vladimir , Greenwood Bennett , Li Hongyan , DeCicco Corinne , Granger Elder , Rodrigues Leonardo O. , Grund Eric , Moser A. James , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Kiebish Michael A. , Narain Niven R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cancer biomarker discovery is critically dependent on the integrity of biofluid, and tissue samples acquired from study participants. Multi-omic profiling of candidate protein, lipid, and metabolite biomarkers is confounded by timing and fasting status of sample collection, participant demographics and treatment exposures of the study population. Contamination by hemoglobin, whether caused by hemolysis during sample preparation or underlying red cell fragility, contributes 0 – 10 g/L of extraneous protein to plasma, serum, and Buffy coat samples and may interfere with biomarker detection and validation. We analyzed 617 plasma, 701 serum, and 657 buffy coat samples from a 7 year longitudinal multi-omic biomarker discovery program evaluating 400+ participants with or at risk for pancreatic cancer, known as Project Survival™. Hemolysis was undetectable in 93.1% of plasma and 95.0% of serum samples, whereas only 37.1% of Buffy coat samples were free of contamination by hemoglobin. Regression analysis of multi-omic data demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between hemoglobin concentration and the resulting pattern of analyte detection and concentration. Although hemolysis had the greatest impact on identification and quantitation of the proteome, distinct differentials in metabolomics and lipidomics were also observed and correlated with severity. We conclude that quality control is vital to accurate detection of informative molecular differentials using OMIC technologies and that caution must be exercised to minimize the impact of hemolysis as a factor driving false discovery in large cancer biomarker studies.
A Systematic Evaluation of Methods for Cell Phenotype Classification Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data
Authors: Cao Xiaowen , Xing Li , Majd Elham , He Hua , Gu Junhua , Zhang Xuekui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) yields valuable insights about gene expression and gives critical information about complex tissue cellular composition. In the analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing, the annotations of cell subtypes are often done manually, which is time-consuming and irreproducible. Garnett is a cell-type annotation software based the on elastic net method. Beside cell-type annotation, supervised machine learning methods can also be applied to predict other cell phenotypes from genomic data. Despite the popularity of such applications, there is no existing study to systematically investigate the performance of those supervised algorithms in various sizes of scRNA-seq data sets. Methods and Results: This study evaluates 13 popular supervised machine learning algorithms to classify cell phenotypes, using published real and simulated data sets with diverse cell sizes. The benchmark contained two parts. In the first part, we used real data sets to assess the popular supervised algorithms’ computing speed and cell phenotype classification performance. The classification performances were evaluated using AUC statistics, F1-score, precision, recall, and false-positive rate. In the second part, we evaluated gene selection performance using published simulated data sets with a known list of real genes. Conclusion: The study outcomes showed that ElasticNet with interactions performed best in small and medium data sets. NB was another appropriate method for medium data sets. In large data sets, XGB works excellent. Ensemble algorithms were not significantly superior to individual machine learning methods. Adding interactions to ElasticNet can help, and the improvement was significant in small data sets.
Infectivity and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 variants
Authors: Wang Youchun , Zhang Li , Li Qianqian , Wu Jiajing , Yu Yuanling , Zhang Yue , Nie Jianhui , Liang Ziteng , Cui Zhimin , Liu Shuo , Wu Jiajing , Ding Ruxia , Jiang Fei , Li Tao , Nie Lingling , Lu Qiong , Li Jiayi , Qin Lili , Jiang Yinan , Shi Yi , Xu Wenbo , Huang Weijin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, B.1.617 variants have been transmitted rapidly in India. The transmissibility, pathogenicity, and neutralization characteristics of these variants have received considerable interest. In this study, 22 pseudotyped viruses were constructed for B.1.617 variants and their corresponding single amino acid mutations. B.1.617 variants did not exhibit significant enhanced infectivity in human cells, but mutations T478K and E484Q in the receptor binding domain led to enhanced infectivity in mouse ACE2-overexpressing cells. Furin activities were slightly increased against B.1.617 variants and cell–cell fusion after infection of B.1.617 variants was enhanced. Furthermore, B.1.617 variants escaped neutralization by several mAbs, mainly because of mutations L452R, T478K, and E484Q in the receptor binding domain. The neutralization activities of sera from convalescent patients, inactivated vaccine-immunized volunteers, adenovirus vaccine-immunized volunteers, and SARS-CoV-2 immunized animals against pseudotyped B.1.617 variants were reduced by approximately twofold, compared with the D614G variant.
Intelligent Interpretation of Veterinary Musculoskeletal X-rays Trained with Human Thoracic Limb X-rays
Authors: Zhou Shijia , Ahn Euijoon , Fulham Michael , Kim Jinman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deep learning (DL) using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is being widely applied to assist in the interpretation of medical images in modern healthcare but there is a paucity of ‘artificial intelligence’ being currently applied to veterinary medicine. Most veterinary musculoskeletal (MSK) x-ray imaging is done in a community setting and there has not been the development of large image repositories that are available in human healthcare. Domestic animals – cats and dogs – however, have similar skeletal anatomies to humans. Hence, we hypothesized that annotated human MSK x-rays (Xs) could perhaps be used as a surrogate for the lack of adequate veterinary data to develop an automated system to help interpret veterinary MSK Xs. We refer to this as ‘intelligent interpretation of Veterinary Musculoskeletal Xs (iiVetMSK-Xs). Our iiVetMSK-Xs has an x-ray classifier built on EfficientNet and a lesion localizer built on gradient-weight class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). We used the human Musculoskeletal Radiograph (MURA) dataset (40,005 thoracic limb Xs) and a small veterinary x-ray dataset (500 thoracic and pelvic limb Xs from 141 cats and dogs) downloaded from online case repositories. Our results show that using the human thoracic limb Xs and the veterinary dataset to train a CNN improved diagnostic accuracy threefold. We suggest that our iiVetMSK-Xs is an important first step in developing automated image interpretation for veterinary imaging.
Analysis of sheet erosion component variability on four complex hillslopes and consecutive storms under laboratory conditions
Authors: Kiani-Harchegani Mahboobeh , Talebi Ali , Kiani Sajad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Understanding of rainfall-runoff processes in arid and semi-arid regions, such as runoff discharge (Q) and sediment concentration (SC) in hillslopes with different geometries, can offer better insights into hydrological processes. Consequently, considering intra- and inter-storm dynamics of Q and SC during consecutive storms (CSs), on hillslopes of various geometric shapes, has not been accurately and scientifically studied. The current research was planned to study the response of the sheet erosion components. The experiments were performed on four complex hillslopes (CHs) including straight-parallel, straight-convergent, concave-convergent, and convex-convergent under five CSs with rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h on a sandy loam soil in a 1 × 2 m2 plot under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the individual effects of the CSs and CHs and their interactive effects on Q and SC were significant (P ≤ 0.00). However, Q was more influenced by the CSs (ηp2 = 0.65) and SC was more affected by the CHs (ηp2 = 0.77). Moreover, analysis of the hydrographs (HGs), sedigraphs (SGs), and sediment rating loops (SRLs) observed in four CHs during five CSs indicated the diversity in the behavior of the SC (from 2.32 to 68.68 g/L) in comparison with variations in Q (from 14.68 to 38.38 mL/s).