bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Peningkatan Kesehatan Lansia Melalui Pendidikan Kesehatan Massage Kaki di Posyandu Lansia Lenggono
Authors: Maratus Solikhah Maula , Dewi L Mutiara 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is known as the silent killer disease because the symptoms are few, sometimes it does not cause any symptoms at all. One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be given to people with hypertension is foot massage. The aim of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge of the elderly about foot massage. The target of this activity is the elderly group of Posyandu Lenggono. Implementation of this community service activity includes lecture, question and answer, and online discussion. The activity stages include meeting with elderly health cadres, preparation of tools and materials, implementation of health education and monitoring, and evaluation. The result of this activity shows the increasing knowledge of the elderly about foot massage from an average value of 46.4 to 82.4. Recommendations that can be taken from this activity are monitoring and evaluation the results of this community service activity where collaborate with cadres and health workers.
Key words: elderly, hypertension, foot massage
Balinese verbs related to water : metalanguage approach
Authors: Sudipa I Nengah , Kusuma I Nyoman Weda , Sudipa Made Henra Dwikarmawan , Candra Komang Dian Puspita 
Published: February 2021

This article aims at displaying the way how to map the meaning of Balinese verbs related to water. The data are oral and written forms collected by observation, interview, and taking-note. The oral language was collected from the key-informant in three villages within two regencies in Bali, namely Klungkung and Buleleng. The written data was observed from the 4 novels using the modern Balinese language. The collected data was furthermore analyzed by Metalanguage approach which manages to map all the meaning in the form of language description. Metalanguage approach based upon entity, process, instrument, and result is able to detect the subtle meaning difference among the verbs having a similar semantic field. From the scale of time-stability, the result shows that the mapping of action verbs: anyud, ngelangi, mandus, silem, mambuh imply the time reference change rapidly. The mapping of process verbs: aad, tiis, éncéh and beku carry the time reference is less stable. The mapping of state verbs: bedak, belus and tuduh is considered to imply the time reference is very stable.
Um olhar fenomenológico do feminicídio na contemporaneidade
Authors: Queiroz Andressa Franceschi de , Andrade Julia Benicio de , Santos Juliana Neves Abrantes 
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo discutir o fenômeno do feminicídio à luz do pensamento do filósofo Martin Buber. Pautamos a possibilidade de pensar o referido fenômeno em articulação com a noção de Eu-Isso .Para tanto, inicialmente, realizamos um percurso que engloba uma conceituação do feminicídio e sua ocorrência no cenário contemporâneo e uma discussão sobre as relações entre gêneros. Nas sociedades de regime patriarcal é comum ocorrerem casos de assassinatos de mulheres, seja por cônjuges, familiares ou até mesmo pessoas desconhecidas. As causas destes crimes estão relacionadas ao desejo de posse e da culpabilização pelas mulheres não cumprirem os papeis designados culturalmente. O assassinato proposital de mulheres cometido por homens consiste numa expressão grave da violência contra a mulher. Nas sociedades patriarcais, a condição de ser mulher se torna um o fator de risco relevante para o feminicídio. O presente trabalho, portanto, traz para a discussão as relações de gênero de forma suscinta ,sendo necessário maiores discussões e desenvolvimentos de pesquisas sobre o tema, pois acreditamos que elas constituem, um campo muito propício para a ocorrência de relações baseadas em um modo Eu-Isso. Contudo, dentro deste campo mais amplo, situamos o fenômeno do feminicídio, algo que tem sido compreendido como o ápice do controle masculino sobre a vida e a morte da mulher.

Palavras-chave: Eu-Tu e Eu-Isso. Feminicídio. Gênero.Martin Buber
Acute stress leaves fear generalization in healthy individuals intact
Authors: Kausche Franziska Magdalena , Zerbes Gundula , Kampermann Lea , Müller Jana Christina , Wiedemann Klaus , Büchel Christian , Schwabe Lars 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBecause threatening situations often occur in a similar manner, the generalization of fear to similar situations is adaptive and can avoid harm to the organism. However, the overgeneralization of fear to harmless stimuli is maladaptive and assumed to contribute to anxiety disorders. Thus, elucidating factors that may modulate fear (over)generalization is important. Based on the known effects of acute stress on learning, which are at least partly due to noradrenergic arousal, we investigated whether stress may promote fear overgeneralization and whether we could counteract this effect by reducing noradrenergic arousal. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, between-subjects design, 120 healthy participants underwent a fear-conditioning procedure on Day 1. Approximately 24 hours later, participants received orally either a placebo or the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol and were exposed to a stress or control manipulation before they completed a test of fear generalization. Skin conductance responses as well as explicit rating data showed a successful acquisition of conditioned fear on Day 1 and a pronounced fear generalization 24 hours later. Although physiological data confirmed the successful stress manipulation and reduction of noradrenergic arousal, the extent of fear generalization remained unaffected by stress and propranolol. The absence of a stress effect on fear generalization was confirmed by a second study and a Bayesian analysis across both data sets. Our findings suggest that acute stress leaves fear generalization processes intact, at least in a sample of healthy, young individuals.
Conserved Epigenetic Programming and Enhanced Heme Metabolism Drive Memory B Cell Reactivation
Authors: Price Madeline J. , Scharer Christopher D. , Kania Anna K. , Randall Troy D. , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have enhanced capabilities to differentiate to plasma cells and generate a rapid burst of Abs upon secondary stimulation. To determine if MBCs harbor an epigenetic landscape that contributes to increased differentiation potential, we derived the chromatin accessibility and transcriptomes of influenza-specific IgM and IgG MBCs compared with naive cells. MBCs possessed an accessible chromatin architecture surrounding plasma cell–specific genes, as well as altered expression of transcription factors and genes encoding cell cycle, chemotaxis, and signal transduction processes. Intriguingly, this MBC signature was conserved between humans and mice. MBCs of both species possessed a heightened heme signature compared with naive cells. Differentiation in the presence of hemin enhanced oxidative phosphorylation metabolism and MBC differentiation into Ab-secreting plasma cells. Thus, these data define conserved MBC transcriptional and epigenetic signatures that include a central role for heme and multiple other pathways in augmenting MBC reactivation potential.
IFNs Reset the Differential Capacity of Human Monocyte Subsets to Produce IL-12 in Response to Microbial Stimulation
Authors: Muglia Amancio Alice , Mittereder Lara , Carletti Alexie , Tosh Kevin W. , Green Daniel , Antonelli Lis R. , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. , Sher Alan , Jankovic Dragana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Human primary monocytes are composed of a minor, more mature CD16+(CD14low/neg) population and a major CD16neg(CD14+) subset. The specific functions of CD16+ versus CD16neg monocytes in steady state or inflammation remain poorly understood. In previous work, we found that IL-12 is selectively produced by the CD16+ subset in response to the protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we demonstrated that this differential responsiveness correlates with the presence of an IFN-induced transcriptional signature in CD16+ monocytes already at baseline. Consistent with this observation, we found that in vitro IFN-γ priming overcomes the defect in the IL-12 response of the CD16neg subset. In contrast, pretreatment with IFN-γ had only a minor effect on IL-12p40 secretion by the CD16+ population. Moreover, inhibition of the mTOR pathway also selectively increased the IL-12 response in CD16neg but not in CD16+ monocytes. We further demonstrate that in contrast to IFN-γ, IFN-α fails to promote IL-12 production by the CD16neg subset and blocks the effect of IFN-γ priming. Based on these observations, we propose that the acquisition of IL-12 responsiveness by peripheral blood monocyte subsets depends on extrinsic signals experienced during their developmental progression in vivo. This process can be overridden during inflammation by the opposing regulatory effects of type I and II IFN as well as the mTOR inhibition.
Molecular Cloning, mRNA Expression, and Nutritional Regulation of a Fatty Acyl Δ6-Desaturase-like Gene of the Manchurian Trout, Brachymystax lenok (Pallas)
Authors: Ying H , Zong-fu H , Jie C , Hua-xin N , Shu-guo L , Jian-hua Y 
Published: February 2021

The fatty acyl delta-6 desaturase (Δ6-desaturase) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). To study the effects of different oil sources in the feed on the nutritional regulation of Δ6-desaturase-like gene mRNA expression, the fulllength cDNA of the Δ6-desaturase-like gene was cloned from the liver of Manchurian trout (Brachymystax lenok). A 9-week feeding trial was performed, and the fish received diets with three different oil sources: fish oil (FO), sunflower oil (SO), and linseed oil (LO). The results showed that the 2448 bp long full-length cDNA contained an open reading frame (with a length of 1365 bp), encoding 454 amino acids. Gene expression analysis indicated that Δ6-desaturase-like gene mRNA is widely distributed throughout different tissues, with highest expression levels in both the liver and the brain. The linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) compositions were highest in LO and SO diets, respectively. The eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoioc acid composition in LO and SO diets were significantly lower than in the FO diet. Fish fed with SO and LO showed significantly higher liver expression levels of Δ6-desaturase-like gene mRNA than those fed with FO. This indicates that SO and LO in the diet affected the nutritional regulation of the Δ6-desaturase-like gene mRNA in the liver of the Manchurian trout. In addition, these data suggest that the Manchurian trout has the ability to synthesize long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from ALA and LA.
Effects of High Carbohydrate and Benfotiamine on the Growth and Feed Efficiency of Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Serrano AE Jr. , Tumbokon BL , Canillo SDT , Lauzon QD 
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high carbohydrate diet (HC) alone and HC supplemented with benfotiamine (HCB), a human anti-diabetic supplement, on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 180 Nile tilapia fry (AWB=0.01g) were randomly distributed to 9 tanks and fed one of three experimental diets, namely, a control diet containing 15% carbohydrate; high carbohydrate diet (HC) containing 25% carbohydrate; and high carbohydrate diet (25%) supplemented with 0.02% benfotiamine (HCB) for 8 weeks. Increasing corn starch in the diet from 15% (i.e. control diet) to 25% (i.e. HC diet) did not have any effect on the growth performance nor feed efficiency of the Nile tilapia. In contrast, Nile tilapia fed the HCB diet exhibited significantly the highest final average body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and whole-body lipid content and the most efficient FCR among the treatments. Results of the attractability tests showed that the HCB diet significantly attracted the most percentage of fish. In conclusion, the findings indicated that the Nile tilapia efficiently utilized an increase of carbohydrate from 15% to 25% and that dietary benfotiamine significantly increased the utilization of this diet, enhancing further its growth performance and feed utilization; benfotiamine also increased the attractability of the diet.
Global modeling studies of composition and decadal trends of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
Authors: Bossolasco Adriana , Jegou Fabrice , Sellitto Pasquale , Berthet Gwenaël , Kloss Corinna , Legras Bernard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) traps convectively lifted boundary layer pollutants inside its upper-tropospheric lower-stratospheric
Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA). It is associated with a seasonal and
spatially confined enhanced aerosol layer, called the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). Due to the dynamical variability of the AMA, the
dearth of in situ observations in this region, the complexity of the
emission sources and of transport pathways, knowledge of the ATAL properties in terms of aerosol budget, chemical composition, as well as its
variability and temporal trend is still largely uncertain. In this work, we use the Community Earth System Model (CESM 1.2 version) based on the
coupling of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) and the MAM7 (Modal
Aerosol Model) aerosol module to simulate the composition of the ATAL and
its decadal trends. Our simulations cover a long-term period of 16 years
from 2000 to 2015. We identify a typical “double-peak” vertical profile of
aerosols for the ATAL. We attribute the upper peak (around 100 hPa,
predominant during early ATAL, e.g., in June) to dry aerosols, possibly from nucleation processes, and the lower peak (around 250 hPa, predominant for a
well-developed and late ATAL, e.g., in July and August) to cloud-borne
aerosols associated with convective clouds. We find that mineral dust
(present in both peaks) is the dominant aerosol by mass in the ATAL, showing
a large interannual variability but no long-term trend, due to its natural
variability. The results between 120 and 80 hPa (dry aerosol peak) suggest that for aerosols other than dust the ATAL is composed of around 40 % of
sulfate, 30 % of secondary and 15 % of primary organic aerosols, 14 %
of ammonium aerosols and less than 3 % of black carbon. Nitrate aerosols
are not considered in MAM7. The analysis of the anthropogenic and biomass
burning aerosols shows a positive trend for all aerosols simulated by
CESM-MAM7.
Spatio-temporal variations in lateral and atmospheric carbon fluxes from the Danube Delta
Authors: Maier Marie-Sophie , Teodoru Cristian R. , Wehrli Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. River deltas, with their mosaic of ponds, channels and seasonally inundated
areas, act as the last continental hot spots of carbon turnover along the
land–ocean aquatic continuum. There is increasing evidence for the important role of riparian wetlands in the transformation and emission of terrestrial carbon to the atmosphere. The considerable spatial heterogeneity of river deltas, however, forms a major obstacle for quantifying carbon emissions and their seasonality. The water chemistry in the river reaches is defined by the upstream catchment, whereas delta lakes and channels are dominated by local processes such as aquatic primary production, respiration or lateral exchange with the wetlands. In order to quantify carbon turnover and emissions in the complex mosaic of the Danube Delta, we conducted monthly field campaigns over 2 years at 19 sites spanning river reaches, channels and lakes. Here we report on the greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2 and CH4) from the freshwater systems of the Danube Delta and present the first seasonally resolved estimates of its freshwater carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Furthermore, we quantify the lateral carbon transport of the Danube River to the Black Sea. We estimate the delta's CO2 and CH4 emissions to be 65 GgC yr−1 (30–120 GgC yr−1, a range calculated using 25 to 75 percentiles of observed fluxes), of which about 8 % are released as CH4. The median CO2 fluxes from river branches, channels and lakes are 25, 93 and 5.8 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Median total CH4 fluxes amount to 0.42, 2.0 and 1.5 mmol m−2 d−1. While lakes do have the potential to act as CO2 sinks in summer, they are generally the largest emitters of CH4. Small channels showed the largest range in emissions, including a CO2 and CH4 hot spot sustained by adjacent wetlands. Thereby, the channels contribute disproportionately to the delta's emissions,
considering their limited surface area. In terms of lateral export, we
estimate the net total export (the sum of dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC, dissolved organic carbon, DOC, and particulate organic carbon, POC) from the Danube Delta to the Black Sea to be about 160 ± 280 GgC yr−1, which only marginally increases the carbon load from the upstream river catchment (8490 ± 240 GgC yr−1) by about 2 %. While this contribution from the delta seems small, deltaic carbon yield (45.6 gC m−2 yr−1; net export load/surface area) is about 4 times higher than the riverine carbon yield from the catchment (10.6 gC m−2 yr−1).
Assessing Chinese flood protection and its social divergence
Authors: Wang Dan , Scussolini Paolo , Du Shiqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. China is one of the most flood-prone countries, and development within
floodplains is intensive. However, flood protection levels (FPLs) across the
country are mostly unknown, hampering the present assertive efforts on flood
risk management. Based on the flood-protection prescriptions contained in the
national flood policies, this paper develops a dataset of likely FPLs for
China and investigates the protection granted to different demographic
groups. The new dataset corresponds to local flood protection designs in 91
(53.2 %) of the 171 validation counties, and in 154 counties
(90.1 %) it is very close to the designed FPLs. This suggests that
the policy-based FPLs could be a valuable proxy for designed FPLs in
China. The FPLs are significantly higher than previously estimated in the
FLOPROS (FLOod PROtection Standards) global dataset, suggesting that Chinese flood risk was probably
overestimated. Relatively high FPLs (return period of ≥50 years) are seen in
282 or only 12.6 % of the evaluated 2237 counties, which host a
majority (55.1 %) of the total exposed population. However,
counties with low FPLs (return period of <50 years) host a disproportionate
share (52.3 %) of the exposed vulnerable population (children and
elders), higher than their share (44.9 %) of the exposed
population. These results imply that to reduce social vulnerability and
decrease potential casualties, investment in flood risk management should
also consider the demographic characteristics of the exposed population.
Crustal structure of southeast Australia from teleseismic receiver functions
Authors: Bello Mohammed , Cornwell David G. , Rawlinson Nicholas , Reading Anya M. , Likkason Othaniel K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In an effort to improve our understanding of the seismic
character of the crust beneath southeast Australia and how it relates to
the tectonic evolution of the region, we analyse teleseismic earthquakes
recorded by 24 temporary and 8 permanent broadband stations using the
receiver function method. Due to the proximity of the temporary stations to
Bass Strait, only 13 of these stations yielded usable receiver functions,
whereas seven permanent stations produced receiver functions for subsequent
analysis. Crustal thickness, bulk seismic velocity properties, and internal
crustal structure of the southern Tasmanides – an assemblage of Palaeozoic
accretionary orogens that occupy eastern Australia – are constrained by
H–κ stacking and receiver function inversion, which point to the following:
a ∼ 39.0 km thick crust; an intermediate–high Vp/Vs ratio
(∼ 1.70–1.76), relative to ak135; and a broad (> 10 km) crust–mantle transition beneath the Lachlan Fold Belt. These results are
interpreted to represent magmatic underplating of mafic materials at the
base of the crust. a complex crustal structure beneath VanDieland, a
putative Precambrian continental fragment embedded in the southernmost
Tasmanides, that features strong variability in the crustal thickness (23–37 km) and Vp/Vs ratio (1.65–193), the latter of which likely represents
compositional variability and the presence of melt. The complex origins of
VanDieland, which comprises multiple continental ribbons, coupled with
recent failed rifting and intraplate volcanism, likely contributes to these
observations. stations located in the East Tasmania Terrane and
eastern Bass Strait (ETT + EB) collectively indicate a crust of uniform
thickness (31–32 km), which clearly distinguishes it from VanDieland to the
west.
Moho depths are also compared with the continent-wide AusMoho model in
southeast Australia and are shown to be largely consistent, except in
regions where AusMoho has few constraints (e.g. Flinders Island). A joint
interpretation of the new results with ambient noise, teleseismic tomography,
and teleseismic shear wave splitting anisotropy helps provide new insight
into the way that the crust has been shaped by recent events, including
failed rifting during the break-up of Australia and Antarctica and recent
intraplate volcanism.
STRATEGI PENINGKATAN DISIPLIN PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (PNS) DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH
Authors: Hermanu Iriawan  
Published: February 2021

Hakekat pembangunan pada dasarnya adalah suatu usaha yang secara sadar terus menerus yang dilakukan untuk terjadinya perubahan dari keadaan yang kurang baik menjadi lebih baik, atau tidak ada menjadi ada, yang mempunyai tujuan menuju tercapainya masyarakat adil dan makmur secara materiil dan spritual secara merata dan menyeluruh di Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
Membangun sumber daya manusia (SDM) tidaklah mudah. Dalam masyarakat modern seperti sekarang ini, terlebih lagi dalam era globalisasi, menghadapi tantangan dan persaingan dalam dunia kerja adalah sebagai kewajaran dan keharusan.
Salah satu tolak ukur keberhasilan membangun sumber daya manusia di lingkungan pemerintahan daerah adalah membangun disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS).
Banyak hal yang menyebabkan tingkat disiplin PNS di lingkungan Pemerintahan Daerah masih terbilang rendah, hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai latar belakang yang dimiliki seseorang PNS seperti : pendidikan, ekonomi, sosial budaya, motivasi dan lain-lainnya.