bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Knowledge and Mammography Uptake among Women Aged 40 Years and Above in Calabar Municipality, Nigeria
Authors: Okaliwe Grace , Nja Glory Mbe Egom , Ogunkola Isaac Olushola , Ejemot-Nwadiaro Regina Idu , III Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno 
Published: July 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women globally. Early screening remains a critical approach to reducing morbidity and mortality. Mammography, one of such screening tools, is vital in improving outcomes and survival. However, poor knowledge and ignorance have been touted as major barriers to health services uptake in Low/Middle-income countries. This study therefore determined breast cancer knowledge and mammography uptake among women aged ≥40 years in Calabar Municipality.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to elicit information from 365 women that were randomly selected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20. The results were descriptively presented by frequencies and percentages. Pearson Chi-Square (ꭓ2) analysis was performed to detect the association between variables at 5% level of significance (p-value of ≤ 0.05).
Results: Majority of the 365 study participants 121 (33.3%) were aged between 40 – 44 years and had attained tertiary level of education 231 (63.2%). Most of the respondents had low knowledge score 214 (58.6%) of breast cancer and mammography. Only 36 (9.9%) of the respondents have had mammography out of which most 22 (61.0%) used it only once. Knowledge level of breast cancer and mammography was statistically significantly associated with uptake (p = .00001). Conversely knowledge of breast cancer and mammography was not statistically significantly associated with educational attainment (p = .54).
Conclusions: Knowledge level of breast cancer and uptake of mammography among women aged ≥40 in Calabar Municipality was very poor. The need to increase awareness about breast cancer and breast cancer screening are highly advocated.
Phenotypic Characterization of Diverse Rice Fertility Restorers
Authors: Tiwari S. , Koutu G. K. , Singh Y. , Pathak N. 
Published: July 2021

Characterization of restorer lines of rice based on seedling and plant morphology contributes in assessment of varietal identity and further its utilization in development of hybrids. With this objective the work was carried over with 90 restorer lines with three replications during Kharif season 2018. The experiment conducted under Rice Improvement Project at Seed Breeding Farm, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P.).Out of 41 morphological traits as per DUS guidelines, variability was reported for all traits except leaf sheath anthocyanin colouration, presence of leaf auricle, presence of leaf collar, presence of leaf ligules, white colour of leaf ligules, absence of stem anthocyanin colouration of internodes, male sterility and presence of secondary branching in panicle. The genotypes Mahamaya, ANP-526 and ANP-553 revealed distinctness for most of the traits.
Easy Protocol Assessment in Children Emergency Room, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital Nigeria
Authors: Adaugo Owobu , Chinenye Kesieme , Juliet Idialu , Clifford Owobu , Chiedozie Ike , Sylvanus Okogbenin 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To determine the effect of the EASY (Early Attention to Sepsis in the Young) protocol on sepsis outcomes in children admitted into the children's emergency unit.
Methodology: Sixty participants (24 males and 36 females) aged 1 month - 16 years were recruited into two arms- The EASY protocol and the non-EASY protocol (control) arm. The researchers obtained relevant treatment history and clinical and laboratory data, which were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 25.
Results: Twenty-five (80%) patients on EASY protocol received saline boluses compared to 5 (16.7%) in the control group. The difference was significant: χ2 = 24.09, p ˂ .001. Similarly, more patients on EASY (10; 33.3%) than the control (3; 10.0%) received continuous positive airway pressure: χ2 = 4.81, p = .03.
Where the symptoms were predominantly restricted to one organ system, those on EASY protocol spent less time in the emergency unit (0.98 ± 0.43 days) than the control (1.87 ± 0.97 days): F = 13.02, p = .001. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall duration of hospital admission in both groups: t = 1.33, p = 0.20.
In the EASY arm, the particular EASY treatment used correlated with the presence of underlying chronic disease and the approximate duration of current illness; p= 0.001, R2= 0.37 - 0.59; as well as the presence of abnormal blood cell counts; p= 0.022, R2= 0.39 - 0.64.
Conclusion: The EASY protocol increased the intensity of treating children with sepsis in the emergency unit and reduced the critical phase.
Formulation, Evaluation and Comparison of the Poly Herbal Anti-Diabetic Tablet with the Commercial Tablets
Authors: Nidhi N. Chauhan , Rujuta Mistry , Drasti Mandale , Ismail Ugharatdar Siddik , Ezaj Dadubhai , Vaishnavi C. Patel 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To formulate a poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet and to evaluate and compare its physicochemical properties with the marketed herbal tablets.
Materials and Methods: The poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet was formulated by adding the powder of extract of Enicostemma littorale in powder of roots of Aconitum heterophyllum rhizomes of Picrorhiza kurroa and fruits of Piper longum in different proportions to an aqueous 5 % Starch solution and Several tests such as visual inspection, ash values, moisture content, Water soluble extractive value and Alcohol soluble extractive value, disintegration time, Uniformity of weight of tablets, Determination of hardness of tablets, Determination of friability of tablets etc and Preliminary phytochemical screening and qualitative chemical examination were performed and compare Laboratory formulated tablets with commercial tablets.
Results: The study showed that Laboratory formulated poly herbal anti-diabetic tablet has good flow property and compressibility. The moisture content of laboratory formulations was found to be 4.8%. Water extractive value was found to be 28.14% W/V result shows that laboratory formulation consisted of higher amount of water soluble substances like carbohydrates. Alcohol extractive value was found to be 20.08% W/V denotes the amount of alcohol soluble constituents present in the formulation. Disintegration of tablet was found to be 3 mins results shows laboratory formulation was within the limit as it was prepared with starch paste (5%w/v) as a binding and disintegrating agent. Disintegration of tablet is not more than 30 minutes. The laboratory formulation was found to have 3 (Kg/Cm2) hardness, 0.38 % Friability and weight variation within pharmaceutical limits. However, further research and development is required to improve its quality and safety.
Conclusion: The aim of this study was to formulate a completely poly herbal antidiabetic tablet. Our Laboratory formulated tablets showed comparable good results as compare to that of marketed tablets but further research and development is required to improve its overall quality.
A Preliminary Report on Relationship between the Subtypes of Early Life Stressor and Clinical Depression
Authors: Chowdhury Debolina , Patil P. S. , Behere P. B. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Clinical depression can critically incapacitate one and make one question his self-worth and future. Estimates claim that out of the world’s approximately 7.6 billion population, 264 million people suffer from depression. This study was formulated to contribute data and results of the presence of adverse childhood experiences and its tendency to give rise to clinical depression in adulthood. This article presents data of the first forty cases collected for this study.
Method: Data was collected in the Psychiatric OPD of in a rural hospital, Wardha. Patients of major depressive disorder on treatment and who were above 18 years of age and willing to participate in the study were included in the study sample. Adverse Childhood Experiences – International Questionnaire, Presumptive Stressful Life Event Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scales were applied to the sample size.
Results: Among the forty participants 23 (57%) were female and 17 (42.5%) were male. The samples’ age group was either between 30 to 50 years old (55%). Most of the participants were married (67.5%). 52.5% had been exposed to experiencing violence in the household and 52.5% of the participants experienced violence in the community. 20%participants were found to still low to moderate depression. 60% of the total sample population perceived themselves to be withstanding severe stress in the current day-to-day life.
Conclusion: This is a preliminary report to an ongoing research project. We can see glimpses of how exposure to stressors during childhood have the ability to impact a person’s mental well-being decades later.
Deep Margin Elevation for Indirect Restorations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alghulikah Khaled , Alsulaiman Nada Abdulrahman , Ibrahim Haya Saad Al , AlYamany Rama Mahmoud , Alqahtani Najla Haif 
Published: July 2021

Background: The evolution of adhesive dentistry has increased the demand for improving the clinical outcomes of indirect restorations. There are several challenging factors in restoring teeth with deep interproximal lesions. Surgical crown lengthening has been the primary procedure to avoid violation of the biological width. In recent years, deep marginal elevation (DME) has been proposed as an alternative procedure for maintaining biological width in cases with subgingival defects. The aim of this review was to search for the best available evidence concerning the clinical outcomes of DME.
Methodology: A comprehensive online search was performed using three different databases (using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the American dental association library for evidence-based dentistry). Four independent authors reviewed studies, collected data, and assessed the risk of bias.
Results: The initial search revealed 1,763 studies. Duplicates were removed, and an extensive review was performed. Only six studies met the inclusion criteria and were accepted in the review.
Conclusions: The systematic review advocates that DME is a reasonable, predictable, and reliable clinical procedure. There is a limitation of clinical studies in this field; therefore, more clinical studies with long-term follow-up periods are necessary.
Impact of iron deposit on the accuracy of quantifying liver fat fraction using multi‐material decomposition algorithm in dual‐energy spectral computed tomography
Authors: Du Dandan , Wu Xingwang , Wang Jinchuan , Chen Hua , Song Jian , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy of using multi‐material decomposition (MMD) algorithm in dual‐energy spectral computed tomography (CT) for quantifying fat fraction (FF) in the presence of iron.MaterialsNine tubes with various proportions of fat and iron were prepared. FF were divided into three levels (10%, 20%, and 30%), recorded as references (FFref). Iron concentrations (in mg/100 g) were divided into three ranges (25.25–25.97, 50.38–51.55 and 75.57–77.72). The nine‐tube phantom underwent dual‐energy CT and MR. CT attenuation was measured and FF were determined using MMD in CT (FFCT) and Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL‐IQ) in MR (FFMR) for each tube. Statistical analyses used were: Spearman rank correlation for correlations between FFref and CT attenuation, FFCT, and FFMR; one‐way ANOVA, and one‐sample t‐test for the differences between FFCT and FFref and between FFMR and FFref. A multivariate linear regression model was established to analyze the differences between the corresponding values with different iron concentrations under the same FFref.ResultsFat fraction on CT (FFCT) and FFMR were positively correlated with FFref (all p < 0.001), while the CT attenuation was negatively correlated with FFref in the three iron concentration ranges. For a given FFref, FFCT decreased and FFMR increased as the iron concentration increased. The mean difference between FFCT and FFref over the nine tube measurements was 0.25 ± 2.45%, 5.7% lower the 5.98 ± 3.33% value between FFMR and FFref (F = 310.017, p < 0.01).ConclusionThe phantom results indicate that MMD in dual‐energy CT can directly quantify volumetric FF and is less affected by iron concentration than MR IDEAL‐IQ method.
Effect of Heeled Shoes on Joint Symptoms and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Perry Thomas A. , Dando Charlotte , Spector Tim D. , Hart Deborah J. , Bowen Catherine , Arden Nigel 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveOur aims were to examine the effects of heeled shoes on incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) and joint pain.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the Chingford 1000 Women Study (Chingford Study), a prospective cohort of women aged 50 years or older. Participants with musculoskeletal disorders and/or a history of knee‐related injury/surgery were excluded. Participants were followed for up to 5 years for incident outcomes including 1) radiographic knee OA (RKOA) and 2) joint pain (feet, knees, hips, and back). Footwear data, including ever worn heels of 2 inches or more and daytime/evening hours (per week) spent wearing heeled shoes over five decades (ages <20 years, 20‐30 years, 30‐40 years, and >50 years), were available at Year 10 whereas knee radiographs and joint symptom data were also collected at Year 15. Cumulative time spent wearing heeled shoes was calculated for women reporting ever‐use of heeled shoes (≥2 inches). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between exposures and outcomes (from Year 10 to Year 15).ResultsA total of 356 women were eligible at Year 10 with a median (interquartile range) age of 60 (56‐65) years. Compared with non‐use, ever‐use of heeled shoes (≥2 inches) was not associated with incident RKOA (1.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.56‐3.27). No associations were observed between increasing cumulative time spent wearing heels and incident outcomes.ConclusionCompared with the non‐use of heeled shoes, ever‐use of heels (≥2 inches) was not associated with incident RKOA and incident joint symptoms. Further, increasing cumulative time spent wearing heels was not associated with any of our outcomes.
Ti3C2Tx MXene Conductive Layers Supported Bio‐Derived Fex−1Sex/MXene/Carbonaceous Nanoribbons for High‐Performance Half/Full Sodium‐Ion and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Junming , Wang Lili , Li Dongdong , Yuan Zeyu , Xu Hao , Li Junzhi , Chen Ruoyu , Shulga Valerii , Shen Guozhen , Han Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOwing to their cost‐effectiveness and high energy density, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are becoming the leading candidates for the next‐generation energy‐storage devices replacing lithium‐ion batteries. In this work, a novel Fex−1Sex heterostructure is prepared on fungus‐derived carbon matrix encapsulated by 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene highly conductive layers, which exhibits high specific sodium ion (Na+) and potassium ion (K+) storage capacities of 610.9 and 449.3 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, respectively, and excellent capacity retention at high charge–discharge rates. MXene acts as conductive layers to prevent the restacking and aggregation of Fex−1Sex sheets on fungus‐derived carbonaceous nanoribbons, while the natural fungus functions as natural nitrogen/carbon source to provide bionic nanofiber network structural skeleton, providing additional accessible pathways for the high‐rate ion transport and satisfying surface‐driven contribution ratios at high sweep rates for both Na/K ions storages. In addition, in situ synchrotron diffraction and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are performed to reveal the mechanisms of storage and de‐/alloying conversion process of Na+ in the Fex−1Sex/MXene/carbonaceous nanoribbon heterostructure. As a result, the assembled Na/K full cells containing MXene‐supported Fex−1Sex@carbonaceous anodes possess stable large‐ion storage capabilities.
3D Printing a Biomimetic Bridge‐Arch Solar Evaporator for Eliminating Salt Accumulation with Desalination and Agricultural Applications
Authors: Zou Miaomiao , Zhang Yu , Cai Zheren , Li Chuxin , Sun Zhiyuan , Yu Cunlong , Dong Zhichao , Wu Lei , Song Yanlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolar‐driven water evaporation has been considered a sustainable method to obtain clean water through desalination. However, its further application is limited by the complicated preparation strategy, poor salt rejection, and durability. Herein, inspired by superfast water transportation of the Nepenthes alata peristome surface and continuous bridge‐arch design in architecture, a biomimetic 3D bridge‐arch solar evaporator is proposed to induce Marangoni flow for long‐term salt rejection. The formed double‐layer 3D liquid film on the evaporator is composed of a confined water film for water supplementation and a free‐flowing water film with ultrafast directional Marangoni convection for salt rejection, which functions cooperatively to endow the 3D evaporator with all‐in‐one function including superior solar‐driven water evaporation (1.64 kg m‐2 h‐1, 91% efficiency for pure water), efficient solar desalination, and long‐term salt‐rejecting property (continuous 200 h in 10 wt% saline water) without any post‐cleaning treatment. The design principle of the 3D structures is provided for extending the application of Marangoni‐driven salt rejection and the investigation of structure‐design‐induced liquid film control in the solar desalination field. Furthermore, excellent mechanical and chemical stability is proved, where a self‐sustainable and solar‐powered desalination–cultivation platform is developed, indicating promising application for agricultural cultivation.
Planting depth and within‐field soil variability impacts on corn stand establishment and yield
Authors: Stewart Stirling , Kitchen Newell , Yost Matt , Conway Lance Stephen , Carter Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeedbed conditions during corn (Zea mays L.) planting can have substantial impact on corn stand establishment and final yield. Planting management decisions are complex due to spatial variability caused by changing soil characteristics such as soil texture or landscape position. Field experiments conducted in central Missouri from 2017 to 2019 assessed the effects of varying corn planting depths on stand establishment and yield. Sites included fine‐ and coarse‐textured alluvial soils, and summit, back, and foot slope positions of Alfisol claypan soil landscapes. On alluvial soil, deep planting (7.6 cm) often had the most uniform and timely emergence. Shallow planting (3.8 cm) had the least uniform emergence and was particularly troublesome on fine‐textured soil under warm conditions. Under these conditions, grain yield for one site‐year was 2.8 Mg ha–1 less when planting shallow compared with planting deep. On the claypan landscape position study, stand establishment was affected by both warm and cool growing conditions during the emergence period. During warm conditions, deep planting enhanced emergence uniformity and rate (1.1 d less to reach 90% emergence than shallow planting); the opposite was true for cool conditions (3.7 d more). Yield was not affected by planting depth at any of the site‐years of the landscape position study. These results indicate that certain soil textures and landscape positions require greater attention to planting depth to achieve optimum stand establishment. Differences could be used in on‐the‐go planter prescriptions. These findings also demonstrate that despite early establishment differences, stands can often compensate and maintain similar yield.
Labor shortages and immigration: The case of the Canadian agriculture sector
Authors: Bousmah Ibrahim , Grenier Gilles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReliable access to labor is an ongoing key concern for many employers, in particular for those in regions. As an attempt to help mitigate the effects of labor shortages, immigration has been deployed as a key strategy, but most immigrants are concentrated in large cities. A sector that represents an interesting case in point is the food production sector, which includes primary agriculture and food processing. We use a rich longitudinal micro‐database for the years 2001–2013 from the Canadian Employer‐Employee Dynamic Database to identify the factors that have an impact on the recruitment and retention of Canadian‐born and immigrant workers in the primary agriculture and food processing sectors. In particular, in response to the efforts to explore permanent residence pathways, whether or not immigrants with previous Canadian experience are more likely to stay in the sectors after entering remains a key question for policymakers that we investigate [EconLit Citations: J15, J18, J21, J63, Q10, Q12].
Opto‐Electrochemical Dissolution Reveals Coccolith Calcium Carbonate Content
Authors: Yang Minjun , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Barton Samuel , Rickaby Rosalind E. M. , Bouman Heather A. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCoccoliths are plates of biogenic calcium carbonate secreted by calcifying marine phytoplankton; annually these phytoplankton are responsible for exporting >1 billion tonnes (1015 g) of calcite to the deep ocean. Rapid and reliable methods for assessing the degree of calcification are technically challenging because the coccoliths are micron sized and contain picograms (pg) of calcite. Here we pioneer an opto‐eletrochemical acid titration of individual coccoliths which allows 3D reconstruction of each individual coccolith via in situ optical imaging enabling direct inference of the coccolith mass. Coccolith mass ranging from 2 to 400 pg are reported herein, evidencing both inter‐ and intra‐species variation over four different species. We foresee this scientific breakthrough, which is independent of knowledge regarding the species and calibration‐free, will allow continuous monitoring and reporting of the degree of coccolith calcification in the changing marine environment.
Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted fabrication of biomimetic sodium alginate/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds
Authors: Meng Zhi‐Yuan , Wang Li , Shen Lin‐Yi , Li Ze‐Hao , Zhao Zheng , Wang Xin‐Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, biomimetic sodium alginate (SA)/silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds were successfully fabricated by supercritical CO2technology. The SA/SF scaffolds exhibited an interconnected porous and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like nanofibrous structures. Moreover, the SA microparticles were embedded in the SF scaffolds. Increasing the content of SA microparticles could improve tensile strength and compressive strength of the SF scaffolds and reduce the porosity of the SF scaffolds. The addition of the SA microparticles could also regulate the degradation rate of the SA/SF scaffolds. Furthermore, the results of in vitro biocompatibility evaluation, indicated that the SA/SF scaffolds exhibited no obvious cytotoxicity and higher cell adhesion ability and were more favorable for L929 fibroblasts proliferation than pure SF scaffolds. Therefore, the SA/SF scaffolds with ECM‐like nanofibrous and interconnected porous structure have potential application in skin tissue engineering.