bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrous oxide‐induced myeloneuropathy
Authors: Swart Grace , Blair Christopher , Lu Zhong , Yogendran Solomon , Offord Joanna , Sutherland Emily , Barnes Stephanie , Palavra Natalie , Cremer Phillip , Bolitho Samuel , Michael Halmagyi Gabor 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNitrous oxide misuse is a recognized issue worldwide. Prolonged misuse inactivates vitamin B12, causing a myeloneuropathy.MethodsTwenty patients presenting between 2016 and 2020 to tertiary hospitals in Sydney with myeloneuropathy due to nitrous oxide misuse were reviewed.ResultsThe average age was 24 years, and mean canister consumption was 148 per day for 9 months. At presentation, paresthesias and gait unsteadiness were common, and seven patients were bedbound. Mean serum B12 was normal (258 pmol/L, normal range [NR] = 140–750) as was active B12 (87 pmol/L, normal > 35). In contrast, mean serum homocysteine was high (51 μmol/L, NR = 5–15). Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed characteristic dorsal column T2 hyperintensities in all 20 patients. Nerve conduction studies showed a predominantly axonal sensorimotor neuropathy (n = 5). Patients were treated with intramuscular vitamin B12, with variable functional recovery. Three of the seven patients who were bedbound at presentation were able to walk again with an aid at discharge. Of eight patients with follow‐up data, most had persistent paresthesias and/or sensory ataxia. Mobility scores at admission and discharge were not significantly correlated with the serum total and active B12 levels or cumulative nitrous oxide use. There were no significant trends between serum active B12 level and cumulative nitrous oxide use (Spearman rho = −0.331, p = 0.195).ConclusionsNitrous oxide misuse can cause a severe but potentially reversible subacute myeloneuropathy. Serum and active B12 can be normal, while elevated homocysteine and dorsal column high T2 signal on MRI strongly suggest the diagnosis. Neurological deficits can improve with abstinence and B12 supplementation, even in the most severely affected patients.
The accuracy of ACTH as a biomarker for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Meyer James C. , Hunyadi László M. , Ordóñez‐Mena José M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccuracy of baseline ACTH for the diagnosis of PPID in horses varies between studies.ObjectivesTo estimate the diagnostic accuracy of ACTH as a biomarker for PPID in adult horses and appraise potential causes of heterogeneity.Study designSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA literature review identified studies reporting diagnostic accuracy data for extraction. Risk of bias was evaluated using QUADAS‐2. Two random‐effects models, the hierarchical summary receiver operating curve (HSROC) and the bivariate binomial normal model (BBN) were used to pool accuracy measurements. We performed meta‐regression using study‐level variables. The impact of diagnostic test accuracy on the frequency of false‐positive and false‐negative results at various pretest probabilities was calculated using the BBN model's accuracy results.ResultsPatient selection and index test evaluation demonstrated significant risk of bias. Mean and 95% confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity for all studies (n = 11) based upon the HSROC model were (0.72, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.82) and (0.88, 95% CI: 0.79 to 0.93), respectively. When studies with a common positivity threshold of 35 pg/mL ACTH were evaluated (n = 6), sensitivity and specificity were (0.66, 95% CI:0.54 to 0.77) and (0.87, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.94). In a hypothetical group of one thousand horses with PPID prevalence of 2%, 20%, and 90%, the frequency of resulting false‐positive and false‐negatives would be (127 and 7), (104 and 68) and (13 and 306), respectively. Factors leading to increased accuracy were case‐control design, clinical reference standard and data‐driven choice of ACTH threshold.Main limitationsA small number of primary studies (n = 11) were available, demonstrating significant biases.ConclusionsLess biased studies examining diagnostic accuracy of ACTH are needed. In horses with a high pretest probability of PPID, ACTH may be a functional “rule‐in” test. Baseline ACTH is not recommended for screening purposes or use in horses without clinical signs of PPID.
Iowa World Language teachers’ attitudes regarding inclusion
Authors: DeVault Ann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study investigates the attitudes of middle and high school World Language (WL) teachers in Iowa regarding teaching students with disabilities (SWDs) as well as factors that relate to these attitudes. The study uses data from surveys of 41 Iowa WL teachers and semistructured interviews with eight. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. These findings were then combined for mixed methods analysis of WL teachers’ attitudes toward teaching SWDs and factors related to differences in attitudes. Findings suggested middle and high school WL teachers in Iowa had positive attitudes toward the inclusion of SWDs in their classes, but there were nuances to this support. Several factors were found to relate to participants’ attitudes, including their perceptions of the usefulness of their preservice and in‐service training, the level of administrative support, and the structure of the WL program.
The irony of choice in the “New Development Financing Landscape”
Authors: Taggart Jack , Power Marcus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe so‐called “New Development Financing Landscape” has heralded claims of an “Age of Choice” for developing countries. Here, more diverse sources of development finance have undercut the monopoly of influence held by “traditional” donors: opening up greater “choice” or “policy space” for developing countries. This narrative, we argue, is a fiction. Instead, the field is characterised by scarcity, not abundance. Further, Northern and (re)emerging Southern donors have tended toward convergence; reducing the scope for recipients to play these actors off one another while restricting recipient agency to properly shape and direct agendas. These trends compel recipient states to compete for scarce public and skittish private finance in a (de)regulatory race to the bottom where they must either reform in a manner conducive to the exigencies of global capital or be “left behind”; the anathema of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the very elderly by using a combination of intravenous midazolam, ketamine and pethidine
Authors: Tokmak Salih , Cetin Mehmet F , Torun Serkan 
Published: August 2021

AimThe number of therapeutic endoscopic procedures in elderly individuals keeps increasing and this population has a high risk of adverse events related to sedation and general anesthesia. However, there is a paucity on data about the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in this population.MethodsIn total, 417 consecutive ERCP procedures were performed in 362 patients between September 2018 and January 2020. Of these, 59 patients (74 sessions) were aged ≥80 years (Group A) and 173 patients (193 procedures) were aged ≤65 years (Group B). We analyzed the prospectively collected data of patient‐ and procedure‐related variables.ResultsThe procedure time was significantly longer in Group A (P < 0.05). The prevalence of comorbidities, use of anticoagulants and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification levels were significantly higher in Group A (P < 0.05). The incidence of periampullary diverticula, malignancy, rate of difficult cannulation, mean number of stones, use of biliary stents and stent dysfunction was also significantly higher in Group A (P < 0.05). The medication doses used were significantly higher and emergence symptoms were significantly more frequent in Group B (P < 0.05). The rates of bleeding, pancreatitis, perforation, cholangitis, hypoxia, hypotension and the length of hospital stay did not significantly differ between the two groups. The overall success rate of the procedure was comparable in the two groups (P = 0.874).ConclusionsERCP can be safely performed in elderly patients using a combination of midazolam and ketamine without propofol. The incidence of complications is comparable with that observed in younger patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 887–892.
Screening for psychological distress on Indonesian type 2 diabetes: A validation study
Authors: Wicaksana Anggi Lukman , Pramono Raden Bowo , Irianti Sevia Rani , Khusna Rohmah Puriana , Rahayu Fatimah Putri , Aini Fiska Nur , Noviyantini Ni Putu Ayu , Pangastuti Heny Suseani 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to test the validity and reliability of a four‐item patient health questionnaire as a psychological distress screening tool for patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.MethodsThis cross‐cultural adaptation study was applied in five public health‐care centres in Indonesia in August–October 2018 using a four‐item patient health questionnaire. The content, convergent and factorial validity were assessed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the reliability indicator.ResultsA total of 147 participants were involved. Content validity resulted in acceptable outcomes (item and scale content validity indexes were 0.95 and 0.75, respectively). Anxiety and depression were associated with total score and psychological distress status (P < 0.001), supporting the convergent validity outcomes. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation revealed two factors, explaining 76.14% of variance (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for anxiety, depression and total score were 0.780, 0.500 and 0.713, respectively.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated adequate validity and reliability for the Indonesian version of a four‐item patient health questionnaire among patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is applicable as a screening tool for psychological distress in this population.
Anxiety in the Wesleyan Spirit: A Core Theological Theme?
Authors: Cunningham Joseph W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEighteenth‐century writer and reformer John Wesley does not use ‘anxiety’ in its modern philosophical or psychological sense. However, Wesley carefully distinguishes between forms of religious fear and ‘nervous disorders’ throughout his published theological and medical works, indicating the felt quality of anxiety as a central theme. This is evinced in his published journals, sermons such as ‘The Spirit of Bondage and of Adoption’ (1746), ‘The Wilderness State’ and ‘Heaviness through Manifold Temptations’ (both published in 1760), and less‐conspicuous works such as Primitive Physic (1747), ‘Thoughts on Nervous Disorders’ (1786), as well as his publication on electricity, The Desideratum: Or Electricity Made Plain and Useful (1759). Wesley’s treatment of ‘anxiety‐qualia’ as religious predicament and physical disorder is instructive in terms of placing Wesley vis‐à‐vis the backdrop of Enlightenment Europe and its scientific and philosophical interests, which has been the subject of recent historical and theological scholarship related to Wesley. Wesley was a preacher and revivalist to be certain, whose emphasis on perceptible inspiration and the assurance of faith cultivated a global Protestant denomination, but he was also a curious thinker with a fondness for science and faith, steeped in the intellectual developments of the North Atlantic, early‐modern world.
Change in patterns of hospitalization for influenza during COVID‐19 surges
Authors: Venkatram Sindhaghatta , Alapati Anuhya , Dileep Arundhati , Diaz‐Fuentes Gilda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospitalization due to influenza has been stable in recent years. In March 2020, New York was an epicenter for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Because influenza and COVID‐19 present similarly, there were serious concerns that coinfection of these viruses would burden the healthcare system. We compared incidence and outcomes of patients hospitalized with influenza before and during COVID‐19 (seasons 2017–2021).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study evaluating hospitalized patients with influenza. Four influenza seasons were evaluated, 2017–2021, pre‐ and during COVID‐19 pandemic. We compared incidence of influenza and clinical outcomes across the seasons.ResultsWe found 412 patients hospitalized due to influenza in the study period; 394 had influenza, and 18 had both influenza and COVID‐19 infections. Demographics across the four influenza seasons were comparable; the cohort was predominantly female (61%) and had an average age of 60 years old. Comorbid conditions were common. No outcome differences were found for patients with influenza when comparing influenza seasons prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mortality for the entire cohort was 6.5%. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there were 18 (4.4%) influenza patients coinfected with COVID‐19 and 32 (7.8%) patients with bacterial super infection. Predictors of mortality in patients with influenza included presence of shock, heart failure, bacterial pneumonia, and use of mechanical ventilation. Coinfection with COVID‐19 did not increase mortality.ConclusionWe observed a significant decrease in the incidence of hospitalization due to influenza during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinical presentations and outcomes for patients with influenza remain stable. Being aware of possible increased mortality for patients with both influenza and bacterial pneumonia is important. Although coinfection with COVID‐19 did not increase mortality in influenza patients, identifying the specific virus responsible for infections has major therapeutic implications.
The “self‐treatment of wounds for venous leg ulcers checklist” (STOW‐V Checklist V1.0): Part 1—Development, pilot and refinement of the checklist
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Santamaria Nick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatients who have chronic wounds such as leg ulcers should be active participants in their treatment and care. This participation may include self‐treatment of the wound which involves the patient cleaning the wound, applying and removing wound dressings, and/or applying and removing compression therapy. The aim of the study was to develop a Checklist to assist nurses to appraise the conduct of wound treatment when undertaken by the patient. A three‐phase mixed methods study was conducted. A systematic and evidence‐based approach to developing and using structured observations for the study of health behaviour guided the process of developing, piloting and refining the Checklist. The resulting “Self‐Treatment of Wounds for Venous Leg Ulcers Checklist” (STOW‐V Checklist V1.0) can assist the nurse to evaluate the conduct of key self‐treatment behaviours in the areas of equipment and workspace, hand hygiene, wound dressing removal, skin care, wound cleansing and debridement, wound assessment, wound dressing application, and compression therapy application. The growing recognition that patients can benefit when involved in care, the need to enact self‐management because of COVID‐19, and the ever present competition for healthcare funding and resources are compelling reasons for patients, care providers, and healthcare services to afford the self‐management approach, and associated interventions such as self‐treatment, greater consideration. It is recommended that the STOW‐V Checklist is used with patients in a shared‐care model, with nurses and other healthcare professionals providing supervision and oversight of self‐treatment practices whenever this is feasible and acceptable to the patient.
The “self‐treatment of wounds for venous leg ulcers checklist” (STOW‐V Checklist V1.0): Part 2—The reliability of the Checklist
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Prematunga Roshani , Santamaria Nick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe “Self‐Treatment of Wounds for Venous Leg Ulcers Checklist” (STOW‐V Checklist V1.0) is an evidence‐based, standardised tool designed to assist nurses to appraise the conduct of wound treatment when undertaken by patients who have venous leg ulcers. A prospective reliability study was conducted to determine the reliability of the STOW‐V Checklist V1.0. Video‐recordings of patients who self‐treated their leg ulcer were obtained (n = 5) and nurses (n = 15) viewed each video‐recording three times and concurrently completed the Checklist. Internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability and intra‐rater reliability were evaluated. Cronbach's alpha for items in the Checklist was 0.792, 0.791 and 0.783 for Occasions 1, 2 and 3, respectively, indicating good reliability. Inter‐rater reliability was 0.938, 0.958 and 0.927 for Occasions 1, 2 and 3, respectively; these results were statistically significant and indicative of excellent reliability. Intra‐rater reliability was 0.403 to 0.999; these results were statistically significant and meeting or exceed adequacy in the case of all except two raters. The study provides preliminary evidence that the Checklist is measuring the concepts that it intends to measure and that there is a high level of agreement among raters. It is recommended that the STOW‐V Checklist V1.0 is utilised with patients in a shared‐care model, with nurses and other healthcare professionals providing supervision and oversight of self‐treatment practices whenever this is feasible and acceptable to the patient.
Development of a genomic tool for breed assignment by comparison of different classification models: Application to three local cattle breeds
Authors: Wilmot Hélène , Bormann Jeanne , Soyeurt Hélène , Hubin Xavier , Glorieux Géry , Mayeres Patrick , Bertozzi Carlo , Gengler Nicolas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAssignment of individual cattle to a specific breed can often not rely on pedigree information. This is especially the case for local breeds for which the development of genomic assignment tools is required to allow individuals of unknown origin to be included to their herd books. A breed assignment model can be based on two specific stages: (a) the selection of breed‐informative markers and (b) the assignment of individuals to a breed with a classification method. However, the performance of combination of methods used in these two stages has been rarely studied until now. In this study, the combination of 16 different SNP panels with four classification methods was developed on 562 reference genotypes from 12 cattle breeds. Based on their performances, best models were validated on three local breeds of interest. In cross‐validation, 14 models had a global cross‐validation accuracy higher than 90%, with a maximum of 98.22%. In validation, best models used 7,153 or 2,005 SNPs, based on a partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and assigned individuals to breeds based on nearest shrunken centroids. The average validation sensitivity of the first two best models for the three local breeds of interest were 98.33% and 97.5%. Moreover, results reported in this study suggest that further studies should consider the PLS‐DA method when selecting breed‐informative SNPs.
Value of detecting peri‐device leak and incomplete endothelialization by cardiac CT angiography in atrial fibrillation patients post Watchman LAAC combined with radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Zhao Ming‐Zhe , Chi Run‐Min , Yu Ying , Wang Qun‐Shan , Sun Jian , Li Wei , Zhang Peng‐Pai , Liu Bo , Feng Xiang‐Fei , Zhao Yan , Mo Bin‐Feng , Chen Mu , Zhang Rui , Gong Chang‐Qi , Yu Yi‐Chi , Li Yi‐Gang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the value of detecting the peri‐device leak (PDL) and device endothelialization after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) by cardiac computed tomography (CT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), who underwent Watchman LAAC combined with radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AFCA).MethodsPatients with symptomatic drug‐refractory atrial fibrillation at high risk of stroke (CHA2DS2‐VASc Score ≥ 2), who underwent Watchman LAAC combined with AFCA in our center from March 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. Maximum diameter of LAA orifice was determined by preoperative CCTA. A standardized view of Watchman device was obtained by postoperative CCTA multiplannar reconstruction to evaluate the PDL and device endothelialization.ResultsApproximately 84 patients post successful LAAC and AFCA were enrolled in this study. The satisfactory LAA occlusion rate was 100%. There was no death, bleeding, stroke, and device‐related thrombus (DRT) events. At 6‐month postprocedure, CCTA images evidenced complete endothelialization in 44 patients (no contrast enhancement in LAA); contrast enhancement in LAA and visible PDL in 33 patients; contrast enhancement in LAA but without PDL in seven patients (incomplete device endothelialization). Maximum diameter of LAA orifice could independently predict the occurrence of PDL (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.55; p = .002), sensitivity was 69.7% and specificity was 80.4% with the cutoff value of maximum diameter of LAA orifice more than 28.2 mm on predicting PDL.ConclusionsCCTA is feasible to evaluate PDL and device endothelialization after LAAC. The maximum diameter of LAA orifice derived from CT can independently predict the occurrence of post‐LAAC PDL.
Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome types 3 and 2: A system review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ying , Lv Ting‐ting , Li Si‐yuan , Zhang Ping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundβ‐Blockers are first‐line therapy in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). However, β‐blockers had genotype dependent efficacy (LQT1>LQT2>LQT3). Sodium channel blockers have been recommended as add‐on therapy for LQT3 patients. However, the pooled effect of sodium channel blockers in all LQTS patients remains unknown.MethodsWe conducted a systematic electronic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Fixed effects model was used to assess the effect of sodium channel blockers on QTc, cardiac events (CEs), and the proportion of QTc ≥ 500 ms and QTc ≤ 460 ms in LQTS patients.ResultsPooled analysis of 14 studies with 213 LQTS (9 LQT1 + 63 LQT2 + 135 LQT3 + 6 others) patients showed that sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc by nearly 50 ms (mean difference [MD], −49.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], −57.80 to −41.05, p < .001), reduced the incidence of CEs (risk ratio [RR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11–0.47; p < .001) and the proportion of QTc ≥ 500 ms (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24–0.47; p < .001), and increased the proportion of QTc ≤ 460 ms (RR, 10.33; 95% CI, 4.62–23.09; p < .001). Sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc both in LQT3 and LQT2 patients, while the QTc shortening effect in LQT3 was superior to that in LQT2 (57.39 vs. 36.61 ms). Mexiletine, flecainide, and ranolazine all significantly shortened QTc, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best (60.70 vs. 49.08 vs. 50.10 ms).ConclusionsSodium channel blockers can be useful both in LQT3 and LQT2 patients. Mexiletine, flecainide and ranolazine significantly shortened QTc in LQTS patients, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best.