bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating point sources in MWC 758 with SPHERE
Authors: Boccaletti A. , Pantin E. , Ménard F. , Galicher R. , Langlois M. , Benisty M. , Gratton R. , Chauvin G. , Ginski C. , Lagrange A.-M. , Zurlo A. , Biller B. , Bonavita M. , Bonnefoy M. , Brown-Sevilla S. , Cantalloube F. , Desidera S. , D’Orazi V. , Feldt M. , Hagelberg J. , Lazzoni C. , Mesa D. , Meyer M. , Perrot C. , Vigan A. , Sauvage J.-F. , Ramos J. , Rousset G. , Magnard Y. 
Published: July 2021

Context. Spiral arms in protoplanetary disks could be shown to be the manifestation of density waves launched by protoplanets and propagating in the gaseous component of the disk. At least two point sources have been identified in the L band in the MWC 758 system as planetary mass object candidates.
Aims. We used VLT/SPHERE to search for counterparts of these candidates in the H and K bands, and to characterize the morphology of the spiral arms.
Methods. The data were processed with now-standard techniques in high-contrast imaging to determine the limits of detection, and to compare them to the luminosity derived from L band observations.
Results. In considering the evolutionary, atmospheric, and opacity models we were not able to confirm the two former detections of point sources performed in the L band. In addition, the analysis of the spiral arms from a dynamical point of view does not support the hypothesis that these candidates comprise the origin of the spirals.
Conclusions. Deeper observations and longer timescales will be required to identify the actual source of the spiral arms in MWC 758.
A quasi-experimental evaluation of the impact of forensic property marking in decreasing burglaries
Authors: Chainey Spencer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProperty marking is a popular tool used by police agencies in burglary prevention programmes. 345 property marking kits were distributed to households in a treatment area in an English city. Changes in burglary in the treatment area were compared to three control areas. Crime type displacement to vehicle crime, criminal damage and violent crime, and changes in crime while controlling for geographic displacement were examined. Burglary decreased significantly by 82% in the treatment area in comparison to control areas during the first six months of the intervention. A significant diffusion of benefit effect to vehicle crime and criminal damage was also observed. The decreases, however, were short-lived with burglary levels returning to pre-intervention levels in the treatment area after 12 months.
Deactivation blocks proton pathways in the mitochondrial complex I
Authors: Röpke Michael , Riepl Daniel , Saura Patricia , Di Luca Andrea , Mühlbauer Max E. , Jussupow Alexander , Gamiz-Hernandez Ana P. , Kaila Ville R. I. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The electron transport chain of mitochondria is initiated by the respiratory complex I that converts chemical energy into a proton motive force to power synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. On a chemical level, complex I catalyzes elementary electron and proton transfer processes that couple across large molecular distances of >300 Å. However, under low oxygen concentrations, the respiratory chain operates in reverse mode and produces harmful reactive oxygen species. To avoid cell damage, the mitochondrial complex I transitions into a deactive state that inhibits turnover by molecular principles that remain elusive. By combining large-scale molecular simulations with cryo-electron microscopy data, we show here that complex I deactivation blocks the communication between proton pumping and redox modules by conformational and hydration changes.
Learning Chinese political formulaic phraseology from a self-built bilingual United Nations Security Council corpus
Authors: Wu Baimei , Cheung Andrew K.F. , Xing Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis pilot study investigates the formulaic phraseology most frequently used in highly formulaic political documents by examining a self-built bilingual parallel corpus of 43 speeches delivered in United Nations Security Council (UNSC) meetings by Chinese representatives. The study also probes corpus-based approaches to explore formulaic phraseology and demonstrates a method to retrieve Chinese formulaic phraseology from the UNSC corpus. Formulaic phraseology is often seen in political discourse. It can be defined as a sequence, continuous or discontinuous, of words or other meaning elements that are, or appear to be, prefabricated, stored and retrieved whole from memory at the time of use rather than being subject to generation or analysis by the language grammar. This study begins with a literature review of formulaic phraseology, including its features and significance in simultaneous interpreting. It then exhibits a four-step retrieval process with the Sketch Engine software program to acquire Chinese formulaic phraseology from the corpus to fill previous studies’ gap. Key functional units of the Sketch Engine, including Wordlist, N-grams, and Concordance, are used to extract formulaic phraseology from the UNSC corpus. Methodological issues involved in identifying formulaic phraseology, such as length of phraseology and quantitative criteria (frequency and dispersion thresholds), are also discussed in the study. Three types of formulaic phraseology are identified: (1) greeting representatives and other members and expressing appreciation; (2) expressing concerns about the topic of the meeting; (3) expressing China’s viewpoints about the topic of the meeting. The training of interpreters would be more effective if this categorization of formulaic phraseology is incorporated into the curriculum.
台湾对外汉语教学学科研究的发展与前景
Authors: Chao Di-kai , Moratto Riccardo 
Published: July 2021

抽象的
在过去25年中，台湾对外汉语教学研究主要借鉴英语教学研究的方法，着重于开发教学策略。本文整理台湾对外汉语教学的发展后，透过分析台湾当前对外汉语教学师资和学会年会论文，来观察台湾对外汉语教学研究现状，并讨论台湾对外汉语教学学科面临的挑战。台湾对外汉语教学研究以“教学应用为大宗”，且研究仍偏向实务性强并用于课堂实践的“教学策略/技巧”之探索。相对于“教学应用”，“汉语语言本体”，“二语习得与认知”之研究显得较少，这部分反映了华语教学研究本身跨领域的性质，以及华语教学事业本身尚未获得学术独立性。
Audience constructions of fake news in Australian media representations of asylum seekers
Authors: Haw Ashleigh L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the term ‘fake news’ has gained considerable traction in scholarly and public discourse. While fake news
is increasingly attributed to declining audience trust, we know little about how publics are making sense of the concept. To address this, I
discuss findings arising from interviews with 24 Western Australian media consumers who offered their perspectives on Australian news
coverage of asylum seekers. Combining Critical Discourse methods with Rhetorical Analysis, findings highlight how participants evaluated
misinformation and disinformation about asylum seekers and in particular, how some adopted a discourse of ‘fake news’ to delegitimise
perspectives that oppose their own stance. Discussed alongside Egelhofer and Lecheler’s (2019)
theoretical framework of the fake news ‘label’, I argue that by understanding how audiences discussed fake news before the concept rose to
prominence in 2016, scholars can meaningfully examine discursive patterns within social constructions of fake news across numerous
contemporary and historical contexts.
The locus of parametric variation in Bantu gender and nominal derivation
Authors: Fuchs Zuzanna , van der Wal Jenneke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we capture the crosslinguistic variation in Bantu nominal structure in a unified analysis of gender onn(Kramer 2014,2015). We demonstrate that this analysis accounts for the morphosyntactic properties of basic nouns as well as locative and diminutive derivations. Moreover, it allows us to capture intra- and inter-language morphosyntactic variation by reference to just three parameters – one strictly morphological and two structural. The presence of one or twonheads, and the size of the complement distinguish between different types of locatives (structural variation); the presence or absence of a spell-out rule of adjacentnheads differentiates “stacking” versus “non-stacking” prefixes in diminutive and augmentative derivations (morphological variation only).
On the mechanics of MQXFB—the low-beta quadrupole for the HL-LHC
Authors: Takala E , Bianchi L , Lackner F , Ferracin P , Izquierdo Bermudez S , Pulikowski D 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Project target is to reach an integrated luminosity of the LHC of 3000 fb−1, corresponding to a factor 10 increase in collisions with respect to the current accelerator. One of the main components is the superconducting quadrupole called MQXF. It is based on Nb3Sn technology and has a 150 mm single aperture with a field gradient of 132.6 T m−1. The MQXF magnets are currently in preseries production in a joint collaboration between CERN and the US-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project. The first prototype magnet based on 7 m-long coils (MQXFBP1) was assembled and preloaded in 2019. The testing and disassembly was done in 2020. The coils were equipped with optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Some of the FBG values exhibited strain jumps during preload and their signals were lost during cool-down. The magnet did not reach the nominal current, quenching at 15.15 kA. At the time of writing three MQXFB magnets have been preloaded from which the second prototype is soon to be tested. The objective of this paper is to analyze the mechanical behavior of MQXFB magnets in the light of current knowledge, thanks to earlier short model experiments, as well as describe in detail the process of assembly and preload. We synthesize the mechanical theory of preload and present new considerations on symmetric/asymmetric bladder-key operations and their effects. An extensive comparison between long and short model magnets is presented. In our analysis and FE modeling we take into account the measured coil sizes that vary over position. We introduce a novel technique that allows preload homogenization over the length of the magnet after preload has been done. We analyze the role of the stainless steel shell and show its mechanical behavior. Finally, the relevant data at cold is presented and analyzed.
Quasiclassical theory of non-adiabatic tunneling in nanocontacts induced by phase-controlled ultrashort light pulses
Authors: Kim Sangwon , Schmude Tobias , Burkard Guido , Moskalenko Andrey S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate tunneling through free-space or dielectric nanogaps between metallic nanocontacts driven by ultrashort ultrabroadband light pulses. For this purpose we develop a time-dependent quasiclassical theory being especially suitable to describe the tunneling process in the non-adiabatic regime, when tunneling can be significantly influenced by photon absorption as the electron moves in the classically forbidden region. Firstly, the case of driving by an ideal half-cycle pulse is studied. For different distances between the contacts, we analyze the main solutions having the form of a quasiclassical wave packet of the tunneling electron and an evanescent wave of the electron density. For each of these solutions the resulting tunneling probability is determined with the exponential accuracy inherent to the method. We identify a crossover between two tunneling regimes corresponding to both solutions in dependence on the field strength and intercontact distance that can be observed in the corresponding behaviour of the tunneling probability. Secondly, considering realistic temporal profiles of few-femtosecond pulses, we demonstrate that the preferred direction of the electron transport through the nanogap can be controlled by changing the carrier-envelope phase of the pulse, in agreement with recent experimental findings and numerical simulations. We find analytical expressions for the tunneling probability, determining the resulting charge transfer in dependence on the pulse parameters. Further, we determine temporal shifts of the outgoing electron trajectories with respect to the peaks of the laser field as a function of the pulse phase and illustrate when the non-adiabatical character of the tunneling process is particularly important.
Experimental verification of the Landau–Lifshitz equation
Authors: Nielsen C F , Justesen J B , Sørensen A H , Uggerhøj U I , Holtzapple R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Landau–Lifshitz (LL) equation has been proposed as the classical equation to describe the dynamics of a charged particle in a strong electromagnetic field when influenced by radiation reaction. Until recently, there has been no clear experimental verification. However, aligned crystals have remedied the situation: here, as in Nielsen et al CERN NA63 Collaboration (2020 Phys. Rev. D
102 052004), we report on a quantitative experimental test of the LL equation by measuring the emission spectra of electrons and positrons penetrating aligned single crystals. The recorded spectra are in remarkable agreement with simulations based on the LL equation of motion with moderate quantum corrections for recoil and, in the case of electrons in axially aligned crystals, spin and reduced radiation intensity.
GW190521 formation scenarios via relativistic accretion
Authors: Cruz-Osorio Alejandro , Lora-Clavijo Fabio D. , Herdeiro Carlos 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The recent gravitational wave transient GW190521 has been interpreted by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration (LVC) as sourced by a binary black hole (BH) merger. According to the LVC parameter estimation, at least one of these progenitors falls into the so-called pair-instability supernova mass gap. This raises the important question of how and when these progenitors formed.
In this paper we use an accretion model with super-Eddington mass accretion rate obtained from General Relativity hydrodynamics simulations to analyse the scenario wherein the GW190521 original progenitors (OPs) formed at lower masses (and spins) and grew to their estimated LVC parameters by relativistic accretion. We consider that the environment wherein the binary is immersed has density gradients as well as a dependence on the Mach number of the gas. Taking the LVC parameter estimation at z = 0.82 as the endpoint of the accretion evolution, we estimate the initial masses and spins of the OPs at three different red-shifts z = 100, 50, and 20. We found three distinct possible types of OPs: (i) 10-4
M
☉ - 3 M
☉ almost non-rotating (with Kerr spin parameter a
☆ < 10-2) primordial BHs; (ii) 3M
☉ - 40M
☉ slowly rotating (10-2 < a
☆ < 0.5) stellar mass BHs; (iii) 40M
☉ - 70M
☉ BHs with a moderate spin parameter a
☆ ∼ 0.5, which could originate from the collapse of high mass Pop III stars. The mass spread is due to varying the density gradient and the relativistic Mach number of the cosmic plasma; the variation of the masses due to the origin at different red-shifts, on the other hand, is negligible, ∼ 2%.
For high Mach number scenarios, the BHs have low mass and spin accretion rates, leading to OPs with masses and spins close to the GW190521 LVC estimated values.
We have also compared our results with previous studies where the Newtonian accretion model was used, finding relativistic corrections of ∼ 13% for the OPs masses. In particular, the relativistic model leads to smaller initial masses.
Catchment processes can amplify the effect of increasing rainfall variability
Authors: Müller Marc F , Roche Kevin R , Dralle David N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
By filtering the incoming climate signal when producing streamflow, river basins can attenuate—or amplify—projected increases in rainfall variability. A common perception is that river systems dampen rainfall variability by averaging spatial and temporal variations in their watersheds. However, by analyzing 671 watersheds throughout the United States, we find that many catchments actually amplify the coefficient of variation of rainfall, and that these catchments also likely amplify changes in rainfall variability. Based on catchment-scale water balance principles, we relate that faculty to the interplay between two fundamental hydrological processes: water uptake by vegetation and the storage and subsequent release of water as discharge. By increasing plant water uptake, warmer temperatures might exacerbate the amplifying effect of catchments. More variable precipitations associated with a warmer climate are therefore expected to lead to even more variable river flows—a significant potential challenge for river transportation, ecosystem sustainability and water supply reliability.
Acute sarcopenia changes following hospitalization: influence of pre-admission care dependency level
Authors: De Spiegeleer Anton , Kahya Hasan , Sanchez-Rodriguez Dolores , Piotrowicz Karolina , Surquin Murielle , Marco Ester , Detremerie Celine , Hussein Dhurgham , Hope Suzy , Dallmeier Dhayana , Decker Genia , Hrnciarikova Dana , Czesak Joanna , Toscano-Rico Miguel , Meza-Valderrama Delky , Bahat Gülistan , Descamps Amélie , Wynendaele Evelien , Elewaut Dirk , Vankova Hana , Landi Francesco , Benoit Florence , Gasowski Jerzy , Van Den Noortgate Nele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Hospitalization is associated with acute changes in sarcopenia status in older people, but the influencing factors are not fully understood. Pre-admission care dependency level as a risk factor has not yet been investigated.

Objective
Evaluate if pre-admission care dependency level is an independent predictor of sarcopenia changes following hospitalization.

Setting and subjects
Data came from the Sarcopenia 9+ EAMA Project, a European prospective multi-centre study. For this study, 227 hospitalised older people were included from four different hospitals in Belgium, Spain and Poland, between 18 February 2019 and 5 September 2020.

Methods
Sarcopenia status at admission and discharge were calculated using a combined score (desirability value) based on muscle mass (calf circumference), strength (grip) and function (walking speed). Ratio of admission to discharge status was the outcome (desirability ratio; 1.00 meaning no difference). Predictor variable was the pre-admission care dependency level, classified into three groups: independent older people living at home, dependent older people living at home and older people living in a care home. Linear regression models were applied, considering potential confounders.

Results
Mean desirability ratio for dependent older people living at home (‘middle dependent group’) was lower (0.89) compared to independent older people (0.98; regression coefficient −0.09 [95% CI −0.16, −0.02]) and care home patients (1.05; −0.16 [95% CI −0.01, −0.31]). Adjusting for potential confounders or using another statistical approach did not affect the main results.

Conclusion
Dependent older people living at home were at higher risk of deterioration in sarcopenia status following hospitalization. In-depth studies investigating causes and potential interventions of these findings are needed.
DMIL-IsoFun: predicting isoform function using deep multi-instance learning
Authors: Yu Guoxian , Zhou Guangjie , Zhang Xiangliang , Domeniconi Carlotta , Guo Maozu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotivationAlternative splicing creates the considerable proteomic diversity and complexity on relatively limited genome. Proteoforms translated from alternatively spliced isoforms of a gene actually execute the biological functions of this gene, which reflect the functional knowledge of genes at a finer granular level. Recently, some computational approaches have been proposed to differentiate isoform functions using sequence and expression data. However, their performance is far from being desirable, mainly due to the imbalance and lack of annotations at isoform-level, and the difficulty of modeling gene–isoform relations.ResultWe propose a deep multi-instance learning-based framework (DMIL-IsoFun) to differentiate the functions of isoforms. DMIL-IsoFun firstly introduces a multi-instance learning convolution neural network trained with isoform sequences and gene-level annotations to extract the feature vectors and initialize the annotations of isoforms, and then uses a class-imbalance Graph Convolution Network to refine the annotations of individual isoforms based on the isoform co-expression network and extracted features. Extensive experimental results show that DMIL-IsoFun improves the Smin and Fmax of state-of-the-art solutions by at least 29.6% and 40.8%. The effectiveness of DMIL-IsoFun is further confirmed on a testbed of human multiple-isoform genes, and maize isoforms related with photosynthesis.Availability and implementationThe code and data are available at http://www.sdu-idea.cn/codes.php?name=DMIL-Isofun.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis are at increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng-Kai , Illescas Ralda Monica Maria , Veeravalli John Jims , Wang Li-Tzu , Thota Eshwar , Huang Jing-Yang , Kao Chia-Tze , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Resnick Cory M 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Background and objectives
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), an autoimmune disease, has been proposed to be comorbid with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed at testing the hypothesis that patients with JIA may presented with high risk of OSA in a cohort study.

Subjects and methods
This is a cohort study including patients with JIA from 1999 to 2013 identified from a longitudinal health registry. A matched non-JIA control group was also included. The primary outcome variable was presence of OSA. A Cox proportional hazard model was developed to estimate the risk of OSA in patients with JIA. A cumulative probability model was adopted to assess the time-dependent effect of JIA on OSA development, implying a causal link of the association.

Results
A total of 2791 patients with JIA were included, and 11 164 individuals without JIA were selected as matched controls. A total of 95 included subjects had OSA: 31 in the JIA group and 64 in the control group. Patients with JIA were more likely to have OSA compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 1.922, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.244–2.970). The incidence of developing OSA was particularly high among patients with JIA-associated deformity that presented at age 18–30 years (aHR = 1.993, 95% CI = 1.277–3.113) and males (aHR = 1.786, 95% CI = 1.097–2.906). The risk of developing OSA increased over 60 months (aHR = 2.523, 95% CI = 1.322–4.815) of follow-up after the JIA diagnosis.

Conclusions
Patients with JIA have a significantly increased risk of developing OSA compared with matched individuals without JIA.