bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of visible light on mechanisms of skin photoaging
Authors: Pourang Aunna , Tisack Aaron , Ezekwe Nneamaka , Torres Angeli E. , Kohli Indermeet , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Lim Henry W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman skin is not only affected by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light wavelengths emitted by sunlight, electronic devices, and light emitting diodes. Similar to the ultraviolet radiation, visible light has been implicated in photoaging. In this review, the effects of blue light, yellow light, red light, and broad visible light are discussed in relation with photoaging. Different visible light wavelengths likely contribute beneficial and deleterious effects on photoaging by way of interaction with specific photoreceptors, ROS production, and other photon‐mediated reactions. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the mechanism and action spectrum of photoaging in humans, as well as optimal photoprotection with coverage against visible light wavelengths.
Organizing the Biden Presidency
Authors: Pfiffner James P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAfter the disruptive term of Donald Trump, President Biden initiated a restoration of the regular order of the presidency, which had been established by presidents of both parties over the past half‐century, this article will examine the establishment of the Biden presidency, beginning with his transition into office. It will analyze the White House staff and organization as well as Biden's use of his cabinet secretaries and the recruitment of political appointees.
FLOCponics: The integration of biofloc technology with plant production
Authors: Pinho Sara M , de Lima Jéssica P , David Luiz H , Emerenciano Maurício G C , Goddek Simon , Verdegem Marc C J , Keesman Karel J , Portella Maria Célia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFLOCponics is an alternative type of aquaponics that integrates biofloc technology (BFT) with soilless plant production. The aims of this paper are to present a detailed overview of the FLOCponics system's designs and performance, discuss their sustainability, highlight the current challenges, and give directions for future research. Data sources include papers containing the keywords bioflocs and hydroponics, aquaponics and/or plant production. In view of the small number of publications and the lack of standardization in experimental design and system setup, it was concluded that FLOCponics is still in its initial research stage. With respect to the animal and plant yields in FLOCponics, inconsistent results were found. Some investigations presented better or similar yield results in this system compared to traditional cultures, while others found the opposite. One of the key challenges of using FLOCponics is the effective control of solids. Refining the system's design was the main recommended improvement. Moreover, this paper highlights that the commercial application of FLOCponics will require extensive research that clarifies its technical and economic aspects, originating from experimental or pilot‐scale setups with characteristics similar to commercial production. This review provides and discusses information that can be useful for the effective development of FLOCponics, guiding further research to make FLOCponics commercially feasible and thus contributing to sustainable aquaculture production.
Risk Amplification and Attenuation as Communication Strategies in Climate Adaptation in Urban Areas
Authors: Dow Kirstin , Tuler Seth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate risks are motivating adaptation with local municipal actors becoming key participants in a complex web of climate risk communication. Some cities have created civil service positions focused on climate resilience. We conducted interviews with six such individuals in four U.S. Atlantic coast cities to investigate how they think about and negotiate communication challenges associated with implementation of climate resilience strategies. We grounded our study in the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), which despite its longevity and wide usage has rarely been used to understand the role of government actors. We found substantial complexity in how these government representatives develop both amplifying and attenuating communication strategies as they often simultaneously reach multiple audiences holding different perspectives. They are familiar with and employ risk communication practices. However, they report needing to modify their efforts as climate adaptation issues and goals evolve over time, and experiment in situations, such as discussions of retreat, where established communication practices provide insufficient guidance. In order to develop a deeper understanding of the governmental risk communication actors, we suggest four potential avenues for taking advantage of the strengths of SARF as a framework for connecting and integrating with other models and theories. We also propose several directions for research based on the challenges these practitioners are finding in their work to facilitate adaptation to climate risks. The activity of government actors is rich in its applied risk communication practice and its challenges offer new questions to expand our thinking about the SARF and risk communication more broadly.
Managing Physical and Economic Risk for Systems with Multidirectional Network Interdependencies
Authors: Tatar Unal , Santos Joost R. , Thekdi Shital A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCritical infrastructure networks, such as transportation and supply chains, are becoming increasingly interdependent. As the operability of network nodes relies on the operability of connected nodes, network disruptions have the potential to spread across entire networks, having catastrophic consequences in the realms of physical network performance and also economic performance. While risk‐informed physical network models and economic models have been well‐studied in the literature, there is limited study of how physical features of network performance interact with sector‐specific economic performance, particularly as these physical networks recover from disruptions of varying durations. In this article, we create a generalizable framework for integrating Functional Dependency Network Analysis (FDNA) and Dynamic Inoperability Input–Output Models (DIIM), to assess the extent to which disruptions to critical infrastructure could degrade its functionality over a period of time. We demonstrate the framework using disruptive scenarios for a critical transportation network in Virginia, USA. We consider scenarios involving: (a) mild case that is relatively more frequent such as recurring traffic conditions; (b) moderate case involving an incident with a multihour delay, and (c) severe case that is relatively less frequent such as evacuation after a major hurricane. The results will be useful for network managers, policymakers, and stakeholders who are seeking to invest in risk mitigation for network functionality and economic activity.
A network meta‐analysis of the effectiveness and safety of drugs for restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients
Authors: Tang Meng , Ge Jie , Sun Ke‐Xin , Cui Bin , Guan Yue , Wang Jing‐Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nine pharmacological interventions for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in dialysis patients. Methods: An electronic database was used to retrieve eligible trials from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science. Stata 14.2 software was used to perform network meta‐analysis. The primary measure was the RLS score, and the secondary measure was used to evaluate the side effects of the drug. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve method was used to rank the merits of intervention measures. A comparison of the two interventions is shown on a league table. Results: Finally, nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 377 participants were included. From the results of the network meta‐analysis, all treatments ranked higher than placebo in terms of improving clinical symptoms, but only vitamin C (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.47 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.89, −0.05) showed significant differences compared with placebo. In terms of safety, there were no serious adverse reactions to any of the treatments compared to placebo. Conclusion: Currently, existing evidence suggests that vitamin C may be the most ideal drug to improve the symptoms of RLS in dialysis patients.
Perceived social stigma, self‐concealment, and suicide risk among North Korean refugee women exposed to traumatic events
Authors: Nam Boyoung , Kim JoonBeom , Ryu Wonjung , Kim Dam I , Frey Jodi J. , DeVylder Jordan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionSuicide among North Korean (NK) refugee women is one of the most concerning public health problems in South Korea. Pre‐resettlement trauma exposure and post‐resettlement factors can contribute to suicide risk among NK refugee women; however, few studies have explored these associations.MethodsThis study aimed to assess suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among NK refugee women in South Korea (N = 212) and to examine the impact of pre‐resettlement trauma exposure on suicide risk. Perceived social stigma and self‐concealment in the post‐resettlement phases were investigated as moderating factors for suicide risk related to trauma exposure using multiple regression analyses.ResultsTrauma exposure significantly increased suicidal ideation severity and the risk of suicide attempt. Furthermore, perceived social stigma significantly moderated this relationship such that the impact of trauma exposure in the pre‐resettlement phases was amplified as perceived social stigma increased.ConclusionBased on our study findings, professionals working with refugee populations should assess for perceived social stigma and exposure to traumatic events to reduce and prevent suicidal ideation and attempts.
Ancient rapid functional differentiation and fixation of the duplicated members in riceDofgenes after whole genome duplication
Authors: Yu Luyao , Ma Shiying , Zhang Xiaohui , Tian Dacheng , Yang Sihai , Jia Xianqing , Traw Milton Brian 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYWhole genome duplication (WGD) in plants is typically followed by genomic downsizing, where large portions of the new genome are lost. Whether this downsizing is accompanied by increased or decreased evolutionary rates of the remaining genes is poorly known, not least because homeolog pairings are often obscured by chromosomal rearrangement. Here, we use the newly published genome from a sedge, namelyKobresia littledalei, and CRISPR/Cas‐9 editing to investigate how the Rho WGD event 70 million years ago (MYA) affected transcription factor evolutionary rates, fates, and function in rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). We focus on the 30‐member DNA‐binding with one zinc finger (Dof) transcription factor family in both crops due to their agronomic importance. Using the known speciation dates of rice fromKobresia(97 MYA) and sorghum (50 MYA), we find that rates of amino acid substitution in the critical Dof domain region were over twofold higher during the 20‐million‐year period following the WGD than before or afterward. Through comparison of synteny blocks, we report that at least 11% ofDofgenes were purged from 70 to 50 MYA, while only 6% have been lost in the most recent 50‐million‐year interval. CRISPR/Cas9 editing revealed widespread fitness‐related defects in flowering and lack of redundancy of paired members, as well as significant differences in expression between gene pairs. Together these findings demonstrate the strength ofDofgenes as a model for deep evolutionary study and offer one of the most detailed portraits yet of the Rho WGD impact on a gene lineage.
Structural variation of mitochondrial genomes sheds light on evolutionary history of soybeans
Authors: Liu Hao , Yu Junping , Yu Xiaoxia , Zhang Dan , Chang Han , Li Wei , Song Haifeng , Cui Zheng , Wang Peng , Luo Yixin , Wang Fei , Wang Dagang , Li Zhi , Huang Zhiping , Fu Aigen , Xu Min 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYThe architecture and genetic diversity of mitogenome (mtDNA) are largely unknown in cultivated soybean (Glycine max), which is domesticated from the wild progenitor, Glycine soja, 5000 years ago. Here, we de novo assembled the mitogenome of the cultivar ‘Williams 82’ (Wm82_mtDNA) with Illumina PE300 deep sequencing data, and verified it with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses. Wm82_mtDNA maps as two autonomous circular chromosomes (370 871‐bp Chr‐m1 and 62 661‐bp Chr‐m2). Its structure is extensively divergent from that of the mono‐chromosomal mitogenome reported in the landrace ‘Aiganhuang’ (AGH_mtDNA). Synteny analysis showed that the structural variations (SVs) between two genomes are mainly attributed to ectopic and illegitimate recombination. Moreover, Wm82_mtDNA and AGH_mtDNA each possess six and four specific regions, which are absent in their counterparts and likely result from differential sequence‐loss events. Mitogenome SV was further studied in 39 wild and 182 cultivated soybean accessions distributed world‐widely with PCR/Southern analyses or a comparable in silico analysis. The results classified both wild and cultivated soybeans into five cytoplasmic groups, named as GSa–GSe and G1–G5; ‘Williams 82’ and ‘Aiganhuang’ belong to G1 and G5, respectively. Notably, except for members in GSe and G5, all accessions carry a bi‐chromosomal mitogenome with a common Chr‐m2. Phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA structures and chloroplast gene sequences both inferred that G1–G3, representing >90% of cultigens, likely inherited cytoplasm from the ancestor of domestic soybean, while G4 and G5 likely inherited cytoplasm from wild soybeans carrying GSa‐ and GSe‐like cytoplasm through interspecific hybridization, offering new insights into soybean cultivation history.
Waiting for Brexit: Crisis, conjuncture, method
Authors: Hall Sarah Marie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUK geopolitics for the last five years has been heavily dominated by Brexit. The lead up to the referendum, the result, negotiations, intervening general election, extensions, further negotiations, and impending exit from the European Union have captured both academic and public interest. This paper contributes to geographical and wider social science research on the everyday geographies of socio‐economic change, with a particular focus on Brexit and the temporal politics of waiting. Emerging analyses focus on Brexit as an event, as uncertainty, and a discrete period for and of research on public moods. I illustrate how exploring Brexit through the lens of waiting provides new ways of thinking through the time‐spaces of Brexit, by drawing on data collected during an ethnographic participatory project in Gorse Hill, Greater Manchester (2018–2020). Analysis of group discussions, peer‐led research projects, podcast recordings, vox pops, and ethnographic fieldnotes highlight the embodied, everyday, endured, and emplaced experience of waiting for Brexit. More specifically, findings make the case for this waiting as crisis, as conjuncture, and as method. The paper closes with a discussion of the pace and timeliness of research, and the implications of waiting for, in, and with Brexit and other forms of socio‐economic change.
Human zoonotic infectious disease caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Authors: Kim Misun , Heo Sang Taek , Oh Hyunjoo , Kim Miyeon , Jo Jaemin , Kim Young Ree , Lee Keun Hwa , Yoo Jeong Rae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStreptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a highly contagious infectious organism that causes disease in horses. SEZ is seldom isolated from humans; however, zoonotic infections are occasionally reported in individuals exposed to horses and other livestock. Herein, we report three human cases of SEZ in individuals, one with direct horse contact and two among individuals who had eaten raw horse meat. The phylogenetic tree showed that the genotypes of SEZ isolates from two of the cases on Jeju Island, South Korea, were similar to those of isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
El papel de la academia. Sobre Filosofía y Letras (1998) de Pablo De Santis
Authors: Maltz Hernán 
Published: September 2021

En el marco de un corpus de escritores de relatos policiales académicos argentinos (que incluye a autores como Ricardo Piglia y Guillermo Martínez), en este escrito planteamos un acercamiento a dicho subgénero a partir de la novela Filosofía y Letras (1998) de Pablo De Santis. De este modo, mostramos y analizamos tres aspectos sustantivos de esta obra: la representación de los académicos como sujetos locos y miserables, la construcción de una trama policial que carece de una figura detectivesca fuerte y la representación del edificio de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (edificio que termina por ser el gran protagonista de la novela).
Design Strategy Network: A deep hierarchical framework to represent generative design strategies in complex action spaces
Authors: Raina Ayush , Cagan Jonathan , McComb Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Generative design problems often encompass complex action spaces that may be divergent over time, contain state-dependent constraints, or involve hybrid (discrete and continuous) domains. To address those challenges, this work introduces Design Strategy Network (DSN), a data-driven deep hierarchical framework that can learn strategies over these arbitrary complex action spaces. The hierarchical architecture decomposes every action decision into first predicting a preferred spatial region in the design space and then outputting a probability distribution over a set of possible actions from that region. This framework comprises a convolutional encoder to work with image-based design state representations, a multi-layer perceptron to predict a spatial region, and a weight-sharing network to generate a probability distribution over unordered set-based inputs of feasible actions. Applied to a truss design study, the framework learns to predict the actions of human designers in the study, capturing their truss generation strategies in the process. Results show that DSNs significantly outperform non-hierarchical methods of policy representation, demonstrating their superiority in complex action space problems.
Ultra-Rapid Laser Calorimetry for the Assessment of Crystallization in Low-Concentration Cryoprotectants
Authors: Kangas Joseph , Zhan Li , Liu Yilin , Natesan Harishankar , Khosla Kanav , Bischof John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are routinely used to vitrify, attain an amorphous glass state void of crystallization, and thereby cryopreserve biomaterials. Two vital characteristics of a CPA-loaded system are the critical cooling and warming rates (CCR and CWR), the temperature rates needed to achieve and return from a vitrified state, respectively. Due to the toxicity associated with CPAs, it is often desirable to use the lowest concentrations possible, driving up CWR and making it increasingly difficult to measure. This paper describes a novel method for assessing CWR between the 0.4 × 105 and 107 °C/min in microliter CPA-loaded droplet systems with a new ultrarapid laser calorimetric approach. Cooling was achieved by direct quenching in liquid nitrogen, while warming was achieved by the irradiation of plasmonic gold nanoparticle-loaded vitrified droplets by a high-power 1064 nm millisecond pulsed laser. We assume “apparent” vitrification is achieved provided ice is not visually apparent (i.e., opacity) upon imaging with a camera (CCR) during cooling or highspeed camera (CWR) during warming. Using this approach, we were able to investigate CWRs in single CPA systems such as propylene glycol (PG), glycerol, and Trehalose in water, as well as mixtures of glycerol-trehalose-water and propylene glycol-trehalose-water CPA at low concentrations (20–40 wt %). Further, a phenomenological model for determining the CCRs and CWRs of CPAs was developed which allowed for predictions of CCR or CWR of single component CPA and mixtures (within and outside of the regime their constituents were measured in), providing an avenue for optimizing CCR and CWR and perhaps future CPA cocktail discovery.
Warm Forming Process for an AA5754 Train Window Panel
Authors: Piccininni A. , Lo Franco A. , Palumbo G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A warm forming process is designed for AA5754 to overcome low room temperature formability. The solution includes increased working temperature and is demonstrated with a railway vehicle component. A finite element (FE)-based methodology was adopted to design the process taking into account also the starting condition of the alloy. In fact, the component's dent resistance can be enhanced if the yield point is increased accordingly: the stamping process was thus designed considering the blank in both the H111 (annealed and slightly hardened) and H32 (strain-hardened and stabilized) conditions that were preliminarily characterized. Tensile and formability tests were carried out at different temperature and strain rate levels, thus providing the data to be implemented within the FE model (ABAQUS/CAE): the stamping was at first simulated at room temperature to evaluate the blank critical regions. Subsequently, the warm forming process was designed by means of an uncoupled thermo-mechanical approach. Thermal simulations were run to properly design the heating strategy and achieve an optimal temperature distribution over the blank deformation zone (according to the results of the material characterization). Such a distribution was then imported as a boundary condition into the mechanical step (ABAQUS/Explicit) to determine the optimal process parameters and obtain a sound component (strain severity was monitored implementing a forming limit diagram (FLD))-based damage criterion). The simulation model was validated experimentally with stamping trials to fabricate a sound component using the optimized heating strategy and punch stroke profile.
Stator Blades Manufacturing Geometrical Variability in Axial Compressors and Impact on the Aeroelastic Excitation Forces
Authors: Gambitta Marco , Kühhorn Arnold , Beirow Bernd , Schrape Sven 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe manufacturing geometrical variability is a source of uncertainty, which cannot be avoided in the realization of machinery components. Deviations of a part geometry from its nominal design are inevitably present due to the manufacturing process. In the case of the aeroelastic forced response problem within axial compressors, these uncertainties may affect the vibration characteristics. For this reason, the impact of geometrical uncertainties due to the manufacturing process onto the modal forcing of axial compressor blades is investigated in this study. The research focuses on the vibrational behavior of an axial compressor rotor blisk. In particular, the amplitude of the forces acting as a source of excitation on the vibrating blades is studied. The geometrical variability of the upstream stator is investigated as input uncertainty. The variability is modeled starting from a series of optical surface scans. A stochastic model is created to represent the measured manufacturing geometrical deviations from the nominal model. A data reduction methodology is proposed in order to represent the uncertainty with a minimal set of variables. The manufacturing geometrical variability model allows to represent the input uncertainty and probabilistically evaluate its impact on the aeroelastic problem. An uncertainty quantification is performed in order to evaluate the resulting variability on the modal forcing acting on the vibrating rotor blades. Of particular interest is the possible rise of low engine orders due to the mistuned flow field along the annulus. A reconstruction algorithm allows the representation of the variability during one rotor revolution. The uncertainty on low harmonics of the modal rotor forcing can be therefore identified and quantified.