bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Case Studies of PtX2 (X = As, P) as High Thermo-power Materials
Authors: Popoola Adewumi I. , Adepoju Adebayo T. 
Published: June 2021

For thermoelectric applications, semiconductors are generally better than metals and insulators. PtAs2 and PtP2 are indirect energy gap semiconductors that have been predicted with high thermo-powers (PtP2 having higher thermopower than PtAs2). The crystal structure and the electronic structure of PtAs2 and PtP2 are similar except for the energy band gap of PtP2 that is wider than that of PtAs2. The generalized gradient approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) were used to explore the full elastic tensors, phonon dispersion and the thermodynamics of PtP2 and PtAs2. This was done to understand the link, if any, between high thermo-power materials and the results. The two compounds are dynamically and elastically stable with higher mechanical properties recorded for PtP2 over PtAs2. The calculated entropy, vibration free energy and the heat capacity at constant volume for PtAs2 (PtP2) were 354.51 (264.18) J/K; -9.21 (27.84) kJ and 276.04 (250.36) J/K at 300 K respectively. The low frequency acoustic modes are between 100 - 170 cm-1 for PtAs2 while it is between100 - 190 cm-1 for PtP2. The calculated high frequency transverse optical (TO) mode for PtP2 is 410 cm-1 while it is 250 cm-1 for PtAs2. Further analysis of the phonons spectrum showed that additional bond-bending modes can be created in PtP2 than in PtAs2. All the results points toward PtP2 as better material over PtAs2 for thermoelectric application and these, with or without the knowledge of the energy bandgap can serve to guide material selection/modelling.
Inhibition of miR‐93‐5p promotes osteogenic differentiation in a rabbit model of trauma‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhuang Zhikun , Wei Qiushi , Li Peifeng , Li Jitian , Fan Yanan , Zhang Leilei , Hong Zhinan , He Wei , Wang Haibin , Liu Youwen , Li Wuyin 
Published: June 2021

Trauma‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TIONFH) is characterized by femoral head collapse accompanied by degenerative changes of the hip. We previously reported that miR‐93‐5p expression is abnormally high in patients with TIONFH, but the role of miR‐93‐5p in the TIONFH process remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of miR‐93‐5p in TIONFH in a rabbit model. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were used for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. A rabbit model of TIONFH was injected with BMSCs transfected with miR‐93‐5p inhibitor. In addition, both an miR‐93‐5p mimic and negative control were transfected into BMSCs. Expression of miR‐93‐5p was significantly increased in the model group compared with control samples. An miR‐93‐5p inhibitor induced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, expression of osteogenesis‐related markers (BMP‐2, secreted phosphoprotein 1, RUNX family transcription factor 2 and Osterix) was higher in the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor group, as revealed by quantitative PCR and western blotting. In addition, in vitro experimentation revealed that an miR‐93‐5p mimic decreased BMP‐2 and TNF receptor superfamily member 11b expression, but increased receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand expression. In summary, the miR‐93‐5p inhibitor could promote osteogenic differentiation by increasing BMP‐2 expression during the development of TIONFH. Thus, miR‐93‐5p may have potential as a therapeutic target for TIONF treatment.
Salvinorin A inhibits ovalbumin‐stimulated allergic rhinitis and RBL‐2H3 cells degranulation
Authors: Shou Qiyang , Tan Tao , Xu Faying 
Published: June 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a long‐term noncommunicable inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by immunoglobulin E and is mainly caused by exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to environmental allergens. Mast cells contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Salvinorin A has been previously shown to inhibit leukotriene production and mast cell degranulation to suppress airway hyperresponsiveness caused by sensitization; thus, we hypothesized that salvinorin A has an anti‐AR effect. We tested this hypothesis using monoclonal anti‐2,4,6‐dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin E/human serum albumin‐induced rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL‐2H3 cells) and ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced AR in mice as in vivo and in vitro AR models, respectively. The expression levels of histamine, β‐hexosaminidase, interleukin‐4 and tumor necrosis factor‐α were decreased by salvinorin A in vitro. Granule release and F‐actin organization were also suppressed by salvinorin A. Furthermore, salvinorin A inhibited OVA‐induced features of AR in mice, including nasal rubbing and sneezing, as well as increased OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E, histamine, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐4 levels. In addition, salvinorin A decreased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests that salvinorin A suppresses AR caused by sensitization by inhibiting the inflammatory responses of mast cells; thus, salvinorin A may have potential for treatment of AR.
Industrializing precast productions
Authors: Mark Peter , Lanza Gisela , Lordick Daniel , Albers Albert , König Markus , Borrmann Andre , Stempniewski Lothar , Forman Patrick , Frey Alex Maximilian , Renz Robert , Manny Agemar , Stindt Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBuilding in heavy rain is seldom beneficial, but common practice on site. It promotes inaccuracies and impairs the use of modern but sensible high‐performance materials and costs time, since disruption in construction frequently causes complicated returns to the planning process. Nevertheless, a handcrafted production process is still considered the one and only alternative since all buildings are unique and thus must be manually constructed on site. Indeed? The priority program entitled “Adaptive modularized constructions made in a flux” funded by the German Research Foundation follows a completely new approach. Buildings are divided into similar modular precast concrete elements, prefabricated in flow production, quality‐assured, and just‐in‐time assembled on site. Comparable to puzzles with many pieces, the uniqueness of the structure is maintained. The motto is: “Individuality on a large scale‐similarity on a small scale”. The contribution presents approaches of modularization, production concepts, and linking digital models. Serial, stationary prefabrication enables short production times and resource‐efficient modules that are assembled to load‐bearing structures with low geometrical deviations. Stringent digitalization ensures high quality of all intermediate steps. These comprise fabrication, assembly, and the whole service life of the structure. The result is a lean production process.
A simplified method for separating renal MPCs using SLAMF9
Authors: Mikulin Joseph A. , Bates Briana L. , Wilson Timothy J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMononuclear phagocytes comprise an array of tissue‐resident and monocyte‐derived cells with important roles in tissue homeostasis and resistance to infection. Their diverse phenotypes make functional characterization within tissues challenging, because multiple surface markers are typically required for subset identification and isolation by cell sorting methods. Analysis of SLAMF9 expression within renal mononuclear phagocyte populations by multi‐parametric flow cytometry indicates that SLAMF9 is a specific marker for identification of kidney‐resident CD45+ CD11c+ MHC‐II+ cells corresponding to prominent tissue‐resident MPC populations derived from dendritic cell progenitors in adult mice. High SLAMF9 expression was sufficient to identify and sort these cells from disaggregated tissue using a user‐operated cell sorter. The population can be further subdivided according to expression of CD11b and CD14 to identify IRF8high cDC1 cells and cleanly separate the CD11bhigh F4/80low and CD11bint F4/80high CD11c+ MPC subsets. Therefore, SLAMF9 expression allows for the identification and sorting of kidney‐resident CD11b+ CD11c+ CD64+ F4/80+ CX3CR1+ MHC‐II+ MPCs without the need for complex antibody panels or reporter mice, simplifying isolation of these cells for study ex vivo.
Quantifying the demographic vulnerabilities of dry woodlands to climate and competition using rangewide monitoring data
Authors: Shriver Robert K. , Yackulic Charles B. , Bell David M. , Bradford John B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate change is expected to alter the distribution and abundance of tree species, impacting ecosystem structure and function. Yet, anticipating where this will occur is often hampered by a lack of understanding of how demographic rates, most notably recruitment, vary in response to climate and competition across a species range. Using large‐scale monitoring data on two dry woodland tree species (Pinus edulis and Juniperus osteosperma), we develop an approach to infer recruitment, survival, and growth of both species across their range. In doing so, we account for ecological and statistical dependencies inherent in large‐scale monitoring data. We find that drying and warming conditions generally lead to declines in recruitment and survival, but the strength of responses varied between species. These climate conditions point to geographic regions of high vulnerability for particular species, such as Pinus edulis in northern Arizona, where both survival and recruitment are low. Our approach provides a path forward for leveraging emerging large‐scale monitoring and remotely sensed data to anticipate the impacts of global change on species distributions.
A hidden Markov model for estimating age‐specific survival when age and size are uncertain
Authors: Gowan Timothy A. , Tringali Michael D. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Martin Julien , Ward‐Geiger Leslie I. , Johnson Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEstimates of age‐specific survival probabilities are needed for age‐structured population models and to inform conservation decisions. However, determining the age of individuals in wildlife populations is often problematic. We present a hidden Markov model for estimating age‐specific survival from capture–recapture or capture–recapture–recovery data when age is unknown and indicators of age, such as size and growth layer counts, are imprecise. The model is evaluated through simulations, and its implementation is illustrated with maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches in commonly used software. The model is then applied to genetic capture–recapture data of Florida manatees to estimate age‐ and time‐variant survival probabilities. The approach is broadly applicable to studies aiming to quantify age‐specific effects of environmental change and management actions on population dynamics, including studies that rely on minimally invasive methods such as genetic and photo identification.
Prospective Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Waitlist for Liver Transplant
Authors: Wong Tiffany Cho‐Lam , Lee Victor Ho‐Fun , Law Ada Lai‐Yau , Pang Herbert H. , Lam Ka‐On , Lau Vince , Cui Tracy Yushi , Fong Adrianna Sze‐Yin , Lee Sarah Wai‐Man , Wong Edwin Chun‐Yin , Dai Jeff Wing‐Chiu , Chan Albert Chi‐Yan , Cheung Tan‐To , Fung James Yan‐Yue , Yeung Rebecca Mei‐Wan , Luk Mai‐Yee , Leung To‐Wai , Lo Chung‐Mau 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
There are no prospective data on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as a bridge to liver transplantation for HCC. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SBRT as bridging therapy, with comparison with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU).

Approach and Results
Patients were prospectively enrolled for SBRT under a standardized protocol from July 2015 and compared with a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent TACE or HIFU from 2010. The primary endpoint was tumor control rate at 1 year after bridging therapy. Secondary endpoints included cumulative incidence of dropout, toxicity, and posttransplant survival.
During the study period, 150 patients were evaluated (SBRT, n = 40; TACE, n = 59; HIFU, n = 51). The tumor control rate at 1 year was significantly higher after SBRT compared with TACE and HIFU (92.3%, 43.5%, and 33.3%, respectively; P = 0.02). With competing risk analysis, the cumulative incidence of dropout at 1 and 3 years after listing was lower after SBRT (15.1% and 23.3%) compared with TACE (28.9% and 45.8%; P = 0.034) and HIFU (33.3% and 45.1%; P = 0.032). Time‐to‐progression at 1 and 3 years was also superior after SBRT (10.8%, 18.5% in SBRT, 45%, 54.9% in TACE, and 47.6%, 62.8% in HIFU; P < 0.001). The periprocedural toxicity was similar, without any difference in perioperative complications and patient and recurrence‐free survival rates after transplant. Pathological complete response was more frequent after SBRT compared with TACE and HIFU (48.1% vs. 25% vs. 17.9%, respectively; P = 0.037). In multivariable analysis, tumor size <3 cm, listing alpha‐fetoprotein <200 ng/mL, Child A, and SBRT significantly reduced the risk of dropout.

Conclusions
SBRT was safe, with a significantly higher tumor control rate, reduced the risk of waitlist dropout, and should be used as an alternative to conventional bridging therapies.
Dimethyl ether conversion to light olefins in slurry and fixed‐bed reactors: coke nature and location on Mg/ZSM‐5 catalyst
Authors: Obukhova Тatiana К , Stashenko Anton N , Batova Тatiana I , Kolesnichenko Nataliya V 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of this study was to investigate the deactivation of ZSM‐5 in the DTO process (dimethyl ether to light olefins) in a slurry reactor (SLR) in polydimethylsiloxane dispersion medium compared with its deactivation in a fixed‐bed reactor (FBR), and to unveil reasons behind the rapid deactivation of the catalyst in the SLR.RESULTSUnder suspension conditions coke formation proceeds more slowly compared with fixed‐bed conditions: The amount of coke formed under suspension conditions is less than under fixed‐bed conditions, 1.4 mg versus 1.7 mg, respectively. Also, in terms of the chemical composition the coke is lighter (xylenes and trimethylbenzenes versus С4,5,6‐substituted benzenes). Using thermogravimetric analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry pyrolytic system, it was shown that the decomposition products of the dispersion medium contribute to the blocking of micropores and the rapid deactivation of the catalyst in SLR. The localization of coke in both SLR and FBR occurs primarily in the microporous channels of the zeolite (>60%). In SLR, the weight fraction of coke on the external catalyst surface was 11% higher than that on the FBR. This finding can be attributed to the blocking of micropores by decomposition products of the dispersion medium.CONCLUSIONUnder suspension conditions, сoke formation in the DTO process proceeds more slowly compared with fixed‐bed conditions. The rapid loss of catalyst activity in the SLR was related not to coke formation, but instead to the blocking of catalyst pores by products of thermal decomposition of the dispersion medium. For the same reason, in SLR the weight fraction of coke on the external surface of the catalyst was higher than that in the FBR. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
How witnessing rudeness can disrupt psycho‐motor performance of dental students
Authors: Woolum Andrew , Echeto Luisa F. , Cooper Binyamin , Gale Jake , Erez Amir , Katz Joseph , Guelmann Marcio , Jerrell Roy G. , Zoidis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRude and disrespectful behaviors are ubiquitous and pervasive in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of witnessed rudeness on dental student psychomotor performance. Using an experimental, between‐subjects design, 71 2nd (Sophomore) year dental students witnessed either an experimental (rude) or control (neutral) condition in which a confederate lab manager interacted in a rude or neutral manner with a prospective lab assistant candidate. Students then performed a mock prosthodontics psychomotor examination as part of the fixed prosthodontics preclinical course. Results indicated that those students who arrived at the experimental session cognitively depleted (+1 SD above the mean) and were exposed to the rude condition were significantly more likely to make critical errors when performing a posterior bridge preparation, compared to those students in the control group. There were no significant differences between the rude and control conditions for participants who were not cognitively depleted (−1 SD below the mean). Overall, the findings indicate that for those dental students suffering from cognitive depletion, merely witnessing rudeness can have adverse impacts on psychomotor performance and potentially, eventual patient care.
Novel compound heterozygous CPLANE1 variants identified in a Chinese family with Joubert syndrome
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Sun Zhenchao , Xu Lulu , Che Fengyuan , Liu Shiguo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) and JS‐related disorders (JSRD) are a group of neurodevelopmental diseases that share the “molar tooth sign” on axial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), accompanied by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ataxia, hypotonia, and developmental delay. To identify variants responsible for the clinical symptoms of a Chinese family with JS and to explore the genotype–phenotype associations, we conducted a series of clinical examinations, including blood tests, brain MRI scans, ultrasound imaging, and ophthalmologic examination. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the six‐person family, and the pathogenic variants were detected by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and verified by Sanger sequencing. WES revealed two novel compound heterozygous variants in CPLANE1: c.1270C>T (p.Arg424*) in exon 10 and c.8901C>A (p.Tyr2967*) in exon 48 of one child, inherited from each parent. Both variants were absent in ethnically matched Chinese control individuals and were either absent or present at very low frequencies in public databases, suggesting that these variants could be the pathogenic triggers of the JS phenotype. Notably, these CPLANE1 sequence variants were related to the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive JS in this study. The newly discovered variants expand the mutation spectrum of CPLANE1, which assists in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying JS and improving the recognition of genetic counseling, particularly for families with a history of autosomal recessive JS.
Synthesis and characterization of novel hybrid compounds containing coumarin and benzodiazepine rings based on dye
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoumarin derivatives, one of the organic fluorescent materials, are widely applied in many areas such as laser dyes, organic light emitting diodes (OLED), pharmaceuticals and bio/chemosensors, with the advantages of the large conjugated system and planar structure. In the coumarin analogs, which are polarity sensitive fluorophores, a shift to the red zone is observed in the case of π expansion at 3‐positions and electron donor groups at 7‐positions. The present article reports the synthesis of novel hybrid compounds (CD1‐CD8) containing coumarin and benzodiazepine rings using ethyl 3‐(7‐(diethylamino)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanoate reagent and 1,2‐diaminobenzene derivatives under optimized reaction conditions with PTSA catalyst. The structures of target compounds synthesized were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS and UV–Vis spectra. The effects of electron withdrawing and electron donor groups in the cyclocondensation reaction that takes place as regioselective were evaluated in detail. The substituent effects were investigated for n‐π* and π‐π* electronic transitions in UV–Vis Spectroscopy.
Brønsted acid catalyzed synthesis of 2‐aryl‐quinazolinones via cyclization of 2‐aminobenzamide with benzonitriles in PEG
Authors: Matcha Sowbhagya Lakshmi , Karasala Bharat Kumar , Botsa Sathish Mohan , Vidavalur Siddaiah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA simple and efficient Brønsted acid catalyzed synthesis of 2‐aryl‐quinazolinones via cyclization of 2‐aminobenzamides with benzonitrile in PEG under metal and ligand‐free condition. All substituted benzonitriles were also well participated with the formation of the corresponding products in moderate to good yields.
Long‐term changes in drought indices in eastern and central Europe
Authors: Jaagus Jaak , Aasa Anto , Aniskevich Svetlana , Boincean Boris , Bojariu Roxana , Briede Agrita , Danilovich Irina , Castro Fernando Domínguez , Dumitrescu Alexandru , Labuda Martin , Labudová Lívia , Lõhmus Krista , Melnik Viktar , Mõisja Kiira , Pongracz Rita , Potopová Vera , Řezníčková Ladislava , Rimkus Egidijus , Semenova Inna , Stonevičius Edvinas , Štěpánek Petr , Trnka Miroslav , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Wibig Joanna , Zahradníček Pavel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study analyses long‐term changes in drought indices (Standardised Precipitation Index—SPI, Standardised Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index—SPEI) at 1 and 3 months scales at 182 stations in 11 central and eastern European countries during 1949–2018. For comparative purposes, the necessary atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) to obtain SPEI was calculated using two methods, Hargreaves‐Samani (SPEIH) and Penman‐Monteith (SPEIP). The results show some relevant changes and tendencies in the drought indices. Statistically significant increase in SPI and SPEI during the cold season (November–March), reflecting precipitation increase, was found in the northern part of the study region, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, northern Belarus and northern Poland. In the rest of study domain, a weak and mostly insignificant decrease prevailed in winter. Summer season (June–August) is characterized by changes in the opposite sign. An increase was observed in the north, while a clear decrease in SPEI, reflecting a drying trend, was typical for the southern regions: the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova and southern Poland. A general drying tendency revealed also in April, which was statistically significant over a wide area in the Czech Republic and Poland. Increasing trends in SPI and SPEI for September and October were detected in Romania, Moldova and Hungary. The use of SPEI instead of SPI generally enhances drying trends.