bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of urban, suburban and industrial background on air pollution levels of dust substances in North-Eastern part of Krakow (Poland)
Authors: Oleniacz R , Gorzelnik T , Bogacki M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Air pollution in urban-industrial areas is caused by simultaneous impact of many factors, including different types of emission sources. Ambient air quality in Krakow is a crucial problem regarding the regularly occurring exceedances of limit values of particulate matter and some of its chemical compounds. This paper presents quantification of urban, suburban and industrial background of dust substances concentrations that are present in the industrialized area, located in the vicinity of scattered household and road traffic emission sources. There were included the concentrations of such substances as: particulate matter (PM10), benzo(a)pyrene, arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel. The impact of daytime and season of the year (especially heating and non-heating season) on variability of air pollutant concentrations was examined. In order to distinguish between local and inflow background of air pollutants the additional meteorological data concerning wind speed and direction was considered. The performed analyses included application of statistical methods, among others principal component analysis (PCA). Some of the results were visualized via R programming environment, providing tools for air pollution data processing (openair package). The backward trajectories modelling using HYSPLIT model, allowed the validation of wind direction analyses. The conducted research revealed the strong dependence of air pollution background type influencing the measurement results on instantaneous wind direction.
The evaluation of NOx emissions in RDE tests including dynamic driving conditions
Authors: Kurtyka K , Pielecha J , Merkisz J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, one of the most critical roles of both legislators and society itself is to look after the future of our environment. There are many reasons for the deterioration of air quality. Unfortunately, pollution from the automotive sector is still widely regarded as one of them. For this reason, the European Commission has been improving testing procedures for years, including more and more advanced measurement capabilities and extending testing to include further exhaust gas compounds. The object of the article is to assess the actual emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from two passenger cars equipped with gasoline engines. The authors carried out the tests according to the guidelines of the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) test procedure with the use of PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurements System) mobile measuring equipment. The influence of dynamic conditions (such as vehicle speed, acceleration and product of vehicle speed and acceleration) during the tests on NOx emissions was determined and the areas in which this relation was the most visible were estimated.
Impact of reduction of CO2 emissions in the households and tertiary sector on PM2.5 concentration and human health
Authors: Zyśk J , Wyrwa A , Suwała W , Pluta M , Olkuski T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Significant efforts are being made in the world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In the households and tertiary sectors, where energy is mainly used for heating, one should also expect a shift away from fossil fuels (including natural gas) to renewables. In the REFLEX project the energy and emission scenarios were developed for various sectors with the use of ASTRA, ELTRAMOD, TIMES-HEAT-EU and FORECAST models for analysing the longterm situation up to 2050. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of air quality and health impacts associated with direct emissions of air pollutants from households and tertiary sector based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework. Ambient concentration of air pollutants in Europe was calculated with the use of Polyphemus Air Quality System. Health impacts were estimated based on the concentration-response functions for PM2.5, which is responsible for the most significant impacts to human health. The study shows that according to analysed scenarios, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) emissions from residential and tertiary sectors in Europe will decrease by 30 times untill 2050 compared to 2015. These emission reductions lead to improvement of the air quality. The largest reduction in PM2.5 ambient concentrations is observed over Poland. Consequently, it is expected that in 2050 the negative impact of air pollution on human health as well the associated external costs will be reduced in EU-28.
Influence of Addition of Glass Fibre on Concrete
Authors: Pannirselvam N , Manivel S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fibres used to develop high performance concrete. Fibres such as glass, carbon, polypropylene and aramid fibres need to be improved in view of global sustainable development. Long term durability is achieved with the development of a high alkaline resistance fibre dispersion. This system was called reinforced concrete with glass fibre alkali resistance. To decide compressive and split rigidity, modulus of elasticity, modulus of crack and quick chloride penetrability tests for concrete grade M20 and M30 with and without fluctuating level of glass strands. The specimens were cast and tested at 28 days. The percentage of addition of glass fibres marginally increased the strength of compressive, flexural, split tensile for M20 and M30 grades of concrete when specimens tested at 28 days. A reduction in bleeding and permeability is also observed.
Soil Stabilization Techniques for Roads on Expansive Soils and Loose Sand
Authors: Kanagarathinam L , Anburaja D , Sudharson G , Keerthana P , Karpoorajothi S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are various techniques to stabilize soil which changes in volume due to vibration. Structural foundation in regions with expansive soil or loosely filled soil have to be laid after stabilizing such soils or by adopting the depth of foundation below the zone of movement. The tunneling induced vibration or alternative swelling and shrinking of soil due to seasonal change or change in ground water table level, causes movement of soil. This movement of soil result in additional stresses on the foundation, if the foundation depth is within this zone of movement. Normally, this zone of movement will be 1.5 to 2m below ground level. In some cases, this zone of movement may extend up to 5 to 6m. In this paper we have reviewed the various methods of stabilizing the expansive soil and loosely filled soil, especially the soil subgrade below the roads. Moreover, tunneling induced vibration due to underground metro rail construction also affects the soil behavior which in turn affects roads and nearby structures. Hence we have studied the effect of vibration on sandy soil by conducting laboratory experiments in the vibration table . The experimental result showed that the sandy soil settled more due to vibration when compared to the soil stabilized with gravel column. Addition of geomaterials such as gravel/stone in the form of column reduced the settlement level of loosely packed sand. Hence installing stone columns in soil is a better method to reduce settlement due to vibration that are produced during tunneling operations. Stone columns also prevents pore water pressure that builds up during earthquake vibration.
PEG 400 Effect on Properties of Self Curing Concrete
Authors: Sudharson G , Kalpana M , Anburaja D , Prathap M G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Curing becomes important to concrete to make it to achieve the required strength. In order to obtain strength at early stages we introduce the concept of self-curing concrete instead immersing or spraying on it. Water solvent polymers serve as self-curing agents for concrete. In the present study, PEG 400 is used to discover its effects on strength (Compressive, tensile and flexure) of concrete, adding it at different rates to the weight of cement up to 2%. The grade of concrete used here is M30. 1% of PEG 400 curing agent was found to be optimum in determining the strength properties. At higher rates there is a slight decrease in the strength value. The aim is to evaluate the performance of water-soluble polymeric glycol as curing agents. The advantages of curing agents serve its purpose in desert areas where water is not adequately available.
A review on the role of eco-friendly inhibitors for mitigation of microbial influenced corrosion of steel and its impacts
Authors: Manu Shiv Kumar , Manivannan R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) is a localized corrosion caused due to the presence of micro-organism. Such micro-organisms found in oil wells are responsible for localized changes in the aqueous atmosphere (e.g., modify the composition of electrolytes, materials, pH and oxygen level). Conventionally,inorganic corrosion inhibitors were used to deter the microbial corrosion. However, ecological toxicity of inorganic corrosion inhibitors has sparked the hunt for eco-friendly inhibitors because they are biologically degradable, absence of toxic elements. Plant goods are affordable, readily available and can be recycled, as well as being environmentally friendly and socially appropriate. There is an intense initiative underway to use corrosion inhibitors of plant origin for metals that are susceptible to different environmental conditions. Both efforts were inspired by a need to replace the chemical additives used in aqueous solutions to reduce the deterioration of metals and various alloys. Plants constitute a type of fascinating compound source currently being investigated for use in the safety of metal corrosion in most structures and as a potential substitute for toxic synthetic inhibitors. Research results on the use of eco-friendly phytochemicals as inhibitors of microbially influenced corrosion are summarized in this review article. A general introduction to the subject of inhibitor for biocorrosion mitigation is addressed accompanied by comprehensive literature review on the use of natural inhibitors in aerobic or anaerobic condition of management for corrosion of steel metals and various alloys in biotic corrosive media.
Fabrication and Testing of Hybrid Laminate reinforced with Natural Fibre
Authors: Vijaykumar K , Nagesh G , Gurushanker V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This present work discussed about fabrication and testing of hybrid laminate reinforced with natural fibres, in general engineering materials with high-performance are used in various manufacturing methods from different resources has been investigated by many researchers across the world. The raw materials which are taken from renewable sources are environmentally good &not cause any kind of health issues, now a day’s most of natural fibre based hybrid composites are used different areas like automobile companies and aircraft industries for manufacturing their inside and outside parts of the mechanical bodies and it’s not affected environment, the exact reason behind this is a natural fibre, because of its easy availability & low cost. The hybrid composites are fabricated by using the natural fibre reinforcements as they exhibit their low density, low cost as well as exhibit better mechanical properties. The present work includes the manufacturing of natural fibre (wool and jute) reinforced polymer composites are discussed and this natural fibre reinforced hybrid polymer composite is tested and compared with the glass fibre epoxy polymer composite. the testing performed are flexural and compression and different strengths are collected finally and it is concluded that compared with the glass fibre polymer composite, hybrid laminate (natural fibres) are in good condition in terms of strength and their application are also brought into consideration.
Manufacturing and Characterization of Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: Chandra Shekar K , Anjaneya Prasad B , Eswara Prasad N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Advanced recent materials such as continuous reinforced polymer matrix composites provide important enhancements to a variety of structures (especially resistance to breakage), compared to their bulk, monolithic counterparts. In this research work, flexural strength and tensile or mode I fracture resistance of the hybrid polymer composite, and a detailed investigation on the processing (using Hand Lay Up method) of reinforced, unidirectional hybrid composite has been extensively discussed. Microstructral studies have also been carried out to know the material fracture behaviour and its effect on the orientation of notch. The obtained results are critically examined and discussed elaborately to find: (i) orientation of fiber and its effect on the anisotropy in flexural strength and fracture behaviour, (ii) effect of notch root radii on the conditional fracture toughness and concurrence to linear elastic controlled fracture, and (iii) the nature of J integral resistance curves. The effectiveness of the conventionally used hand layup technique is amply demonstrated by the achievement of significantly higher strength (flexural) values and also, a very importantly combination of strength and fracture resistance; qualifying the composite thus manufactured to declare this hybrid composite as a novel composite material with high specific strength when compared with other polymer matrix composite (PMCs) for a wide group of aeronautical and aerospace structural applications.
Synthesis of Carbon from Tea Powder Waste for Development of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Radhika M , Anjaneya Prasad B , Akella Suresh , Kodali Deepa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tea waste is inexpensive and is plenteously available around the world especially in south Asian countries. The filtered tea powder waste acts as a carbonaceous source which can be utilized for variety of applications. Calcination of tea powder at 300°C and 400°C resulted in carbon powder which is further characterized using Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The D and G bands of Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of graphitic planes in the structure. The morphology of synthesized carbon suggested that synthesized carbon has porous structure. The porous structure of the carbon makes it widely applicable in water filtration applications. Furthermore, the synthesized carbon can be used as filler material for 3D printable filaments.
Combustion Synthesized Ceria Powder and its Characterization
Authors: Ravula Eshwaraiah , Gummadi Manojkumar , Dyapa Rohit reddy , adumala Yashwanth reddy , Radhika M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Using aqueous combustion synthesis route the ultrafine ceria powder is produced with the help of glycine and nitrate, nitrate utilized as an oxidizer and glycine as a fuel. Using balancing equation with required molar ratios both fuel and oxidizer mixes together in deionized water. Viscous liquids containing glycine and ceric ammonium nitrate gets auto-ignited and resulted in voluminous ceria powder. Characterization is carried out on ceria powder after calcinations process. The resulted powder obtained in the present investigation is in the nano range.
Effect of Nanoclay in the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy
Authors: Rahul B , Dharani J , Suresh P , Antony Samuel Prabu G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the effect of nanoclay in the mechanical and thermal characteristics of GFRP laminates. The Cloisite 15A nanoclay has added to the matrix with proportion of 1%, 2% and 3% by weight. The processed nanocomposites are characterized with X-Ray Diffraction to identify the inter layer spacing of clay in the matrix. The filler added epoxy, reinforced with the unidirectional glass fibre by hand layup technique and the specimens are tested for tension, hardness, flexural and fracture loadings. Dynamical mechanical analysis and thermo gravimetric tests are also conducted to understand the visco-elastic and thermal behaviour of the material. The addition of clay in the matrix generally increases the mechanical properties up to our consideration that is 3% clay loading. Thermal and visco-elastic behaviour found consistent up to 1% clay loading and reduces the performance after that in overall sense.
Flexural and Inter- Laminar Shear Strength of Glass/Carbon Fabric Reinforced Composite
Authors: Madhavi P , Chandra Shekar K , Poojith K , Sai Kumar P , Usman Khan P , Leela Gowtham P 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPolymer composites are reinforced with synthetic fibres like aramid, glass and carbon give more benifits like advantages of low in weight, higher stiffness and greater strength, because of this polymer composite are widely used. This research is aimed to estimate the FS and ILSS of glass fabric and carbon fabric composite. In this recent study, the effects of fabric laminate sequence of glass fabric and carbon fabric have been investigated by the test namely Short beam shear (SBS) test. SEM evaluations are carried out to -study the mechanism of failure. The laminates were fabricated by the hand lay-up method. The fabrication and also the evaluation of specimen are according to the standards’ of ASTM. Here the results indicates the ILSS & FS values are greater for carbon fabric reinforced composite when compared to glass fabric reinforced composite.
Investigation on the Effect of Nano Fillers on Tensile Property of Neem Fiber Composite Fabricated by Vacuum Infused Molding Technique
Authors: Shunmugasundaram M. , Praveen Kumar A. , Ahmed Ali Baig M. , Kasu Yamini 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Now a days, natural fiber based polymer composites are having more attention because of it is good mechanical properties and environment friendly. The foremost aim of this investigation attempt is for examine the effect of the nano-filler over the tensile properties of natural based polymer composite.. Just one nano-material is used in most of the research for the production of new composites. In this analysis, the vacuum assisted by infusion molding method uses the neem fiber and two different nano-filler materials for creating new nano infused composites. Neem fiber is chosen as a fiber and LY556 epoxy-resin is selected as polymer materials for the production of reinforced polymer matrix composites of this natural fiber material. Composites of the neem fiber based polymer composites is developed by infused the neem fiber with the nano to examine the tensile property of the neem fiber infused composite and the effect of nano-filler materials. By infusing nan-ofiller materials to build nano based natural fiber polymer composites; the average ultimate tensile strength for the polymer matrix composite is 15.5 percent.
Design, modification and analysis of 3 ton electrical overhead travelling crane rope drum
Authors: Thuniki Dheeraj , Ravikiran MSSR , Esanakula Jayakiran Reddy , Venkateswara Rao B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the intention to enhance the electrical overhead travelling crane drum, the shaft in the drum was modified using reverse engineering technique. The stresses on drum were analysed using finite element method and the results are compared. The research provides a new idea for improving the stability and life of the drum. The proposed shaft is provided with the gear hub and gear sleeve in the place of traditional spline shaft to improve the life and efficiency.
Design and experimental structural analysis of a solar powered aircraft wing structure
Authors: Sandhya Govindu , Rishitha Vemireddy Sri , Sriram S , Sreehari VM 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Structural architecture plays a vital role in the design of solar powered aircraft. Wing analysis is critical as wings experience different loads and stresses. The objective of this work is to explore the use of renewable energy sources in aircraft technology in the form of solar-powered aircraft. The number of solar panels needed for a manned aircraft is determined based on the several solar factors. Thus this paper initially deals with the design of the wing structure for a solar powered two-seater aircraft. Also, the present work experimentally analyses the structural responses of a composite wing panel with and without the solar panel which makes this study significant.
Reverse engineering technique for enhancing the EOT crane rope drum
Authors: Jayakiran Reddy E , Bhanodaya Kiran Babu N , Bala Raju A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
EOT cranes are the widely used ones in the present day industry. In the process of maximizing the efficiency of EOT cranes, the industries are implementing different approaches. One among them is reverse engineering approach. This approach was recommended to improve the efficiency of the EOT crane drum shaft. The shape and size of the shaft were modified to meet the industry requirements. To improve the shaft loading capacity, life and efficiency, the proposed shaft is equipped with the gear hub and gear sleeve.
Numerical and structural investigation of flow past a helical axis wind turbine
Authors: Guru Shanker V , Bhargavi M , Ashok M , Ranjith Kumar R , Jana Anup kumar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present work is about designing a helical axis wind Turbine and testing its performance of both numerical and static structural analysis. NACA 0018 symmetric aerofoil is used as a turbine blade to modelling the vertical 3 bladed axis wind turbine rotor is tilted to an angle of 60 degrees, so as to get better performance of turbine. This paper deals, Numerical investigation of Helical Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) with three blades has been carried out by means of both the numerical simulation and static structural analysis. The turbine performance can be observed by the span wise pressure distribution and velocity distribution, stress distribution and also observed that HAWT generated a power, which is an average power output incremental of 6.75 percent than precedes.
An overview about influence of wick materials on heat and mass transfer in solar desalination systems
Authors: Murugan M , Saravanan A , Kumar Pramod , Siva Nagi Reddy V , Arif Abdul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Over ongoing decades, the global demand for potable water is expanding quickly; at the same time, the supply of potable water is restricted due to fast advancement in industrialization, the devastation of trees, less awareness towards the plantation, and population growth. There are numerous freshwater production methods available in this world, in that solar-based still (Solar still) is one of the most normal and least expensive techniques. A lot of examinations have been portrayed experimentally and theoretically on the solar stills for evaluating its performance under different climatic and working environment. Heat and mass transfer are the two key factors that play a vital role in the evaluation of solar still's performance. In this study various experimental and theoretical methodologies that have been utilized to evaluate the heat and mass transfer analysis of solar stills using wick materials are critically reviewed. While looking into consideration, the reviewed articles demonstrate that the efficiency of the solar stills relies upon the various outside and inside working parameters. The result revealed that the wick materials with high porous values are produced better productivity than the low porous wick materials.