bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting regular and extreme gold price volatility: The roles of asymmetry, extreme event, and jump
Authors: Li Xiafei , Li Dongxin , Zhang Xuhui , Wei Guiwu , Bai Lan , Wei Yu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGold as a vital hedging asset plays increasing critical roles in risk management during turmoil macroeconomic environments. For the massive and indistinct impactors of gold price volatility, this paper tries to investigate whether the short‐ and long‐term asymmetry, extreme observations, and jump components in past gold volatility help to obtain higher forecasting accuracy in future volatility from both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample perspectives. A variety of evaluation methods are utilized to compare the performances of GARCH‐MIDAS models incorporating these volatility components and the standard ones without them. The results of in‐sample estimation show first that all the short‐term and long‐term asymmetry, extreme observations, and jump components have significantly impact on gold volatility. The evaluation results of out‐of‐sample forecasts suggest that the forecasting accuracy of gold volatility can be significantly improved by most of the extended GARCH‐MIDAS models including asymmetry, extreme observations, and jump components. The model including short‐term jump intensity and the model with both long‐term asymmetry and long‐term leverage effects have better forecasting performances than other models for gold volatility, especially for regular volatility. Moreover, GARCH‐MIDAS models incorporating long‐term leverage and long‐term jump have better performances in forecasting accuracy of extreme gold volatility.
Application of ε‐polylysine in extending the storage period of pork jerky
Authors: Zhang Yizhuo , Zhao Changqing , Zhao Xingxiu , He Yiguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this experiment, natural nontoxic preservative ε‐polylysine (ε‐PL) was used as a natural preservative in pork jerky. The pork jerky samples with ε‐PL (experimental group) and without ε‐PL (blank group) were stored at the 27 and 37℃. Then, the number of microorganisms, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), pH, and water activity (Aw) of each group were tested to test the antiseptic effect of ε‐PL. The results showed that due to the Staphylococcus aureus was detected, the storage period of the blank group at 27 and 37°C was 15 and 9 days, respectively. However, Coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Shigella were not detected in the experimental group on the 60th day. The experimental group all accord with the national standard for the quantity of microorganisms in meat jerky. The TVB‐N content of the blank group reached 14.00 mg/100 g (15th day, 27°C) and 14.93 mg/100 g (9th day, 37°C) at the end of the storage period, while the TVB‐N content of the experimental group was 11.20 mg/100 g (60th day, 27℃) and 15.86 mg/100 g (60th day, 37℃), and the increase rate of TVB‐N in the blank group was greater than the experimental group, indicating that ε‐PL can play a better microbial stabilization effect in pork jerky. The test of pH and Aw showed that ε‐PL can stabilize the quality of pork jerky. Finally, the antiseptic effect of ε‐PL was comparable to many chemical preservatives. This experiment confirms that ε‐PL played an important role in extending the storage period of pork jerky.
Comparison of the composition and function of the gut microbiome in herdsmen from two pasture regions, Hongyuan and Xilingol
Authors: Yang Chengcong , Peng Chuantao , Jin Hao , You Lijun , Wang Jiao , Xu Haiyan , Sun Zhihong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a close relationship between the gut microbiome and health in humans including regulation of immunity and energy metabolism. This study investigated differences in the gut microbiome of herdsmen from two regions: Hongyuan pasture in Sichuan and Xilingol pasture in Inner Mongolia. We found significant differences in the gut microbiome between the two groups. The main discriminatory species between the two groups were Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Prevotella stercorea, Prevotella copri, Eubacterium biforme, and Fusobacterium prausnitzii. The abundances of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium breve were significantly lower in the gut microbiomes of Hongyuan herdsmen than in the gut microbiomes of Xilingol herdsmen. Functional metagenomic analysis showed that more genes were enriched in glycoside hydrolase and transposase in the gut microbiome of Hongyuan herdsmen compared with Xilingol herdsmen, suggesting a higher energy demand in the gut microbiome of Hongyuan herdsmen. Significantly more genes associated with glycolysis, starch degradation, and sucrose degradation were also found in the gut microbiome of Hong yuan herdsmen compared with Xilingol herdsmen. These results indicate that herdsmen from different pastoral regions had distinct gut microbiome composition and functions.
Kelly trading and option pricing
Authors: Bermin Hans‐Peter , Holm Magnus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper we show that a Kelly trader is indifferent to trade a derivative if and only if the no‐arbitrage price is uniquely given by the minimal martingale measure price, thus providing a natural selection mechanism for option pricing in incomplete markets. We also show that the unique Kelly indifference price results in market equilibrium in the sense that no Kelly trader can improve the magnitude of his instantaneous Sharpe ratio, by trading the derivative, given the actions of the other market participants.
Point‐of‐Care Assessment of DCD Livers During Normothermic Machine Perfusion in a Nonhuman Primate Model
Authors: Kesseli Samuel J. , Gloria Jared N. , Abraham Nader , Halpern Samantha E. , Cywinska Greta N. , Zhang Min , Moris Dimitrios , Schmitz Robin , Shaw Brian I. , Fitch Zachary W. , Song Mingqing , Guy Cynthia D. , Hartwig Mathew G , Knechtle Stuart , Barbas Andrew S. 
Published: May 2021

Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) provides clinicians an opportunity to assess marginal livers before transplantation. However, objective criteria and point‐of‐care (POC) biomarkers to predict risk and guide decision making are lacking. In this investigation, we characterized trends in POC biomarkers during NMP and compared primate donation after circulatory death (DCD) livers with short and prolonged warm ischemic injury. Following asystole, livers were subjected to either 5 minutes (DCD‐5min, n = 4) or 45 minutes (DCD‐45min, n = 4) of warm ischemia time. Livers were flushed with heparinized UW solution, and preserved in cold storage before NMP. During flow‐controlled NMP, circulating perfusate and tissue biopsies were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours for analysis. DCD‐45min livers had greater terminal portal vein pressure (8.5 vs. 13.3 mm Hg, P = 0.027) and terminal portal vein resistance (16.3 vs. 32.4 Wood units, P = 0.005). During perfusion, DCD‐45min livers had equivalent terminal lactate clearance (93% vs. 96%, P = 0.344), greater terminal alanine aminotransferase (163 vs. 883 U/L, P = 0.002), and greater terminal perfusate gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (5.0 vs. 31.7 U/L, P = 0.002). DCD‐45min livers had higher circulating levels of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) at hours 2 and 4 of perfusion (136 vs. 250 ng/mL, P = 0.029; and 158 vs. 293 ng/mL, P = 0.003; respectively). DCD‐5min livers produced more bile and demonstrated progressive decline in bile lactate dehydrogenase, whereas DCD‐45min livers did not. On blinded histologic evaluation, DCD‐45min livers demonstrated greater injury and necrosis at late stages of perfusion, indicative of nonviability. Conclusion: Objective criteria are needed to define graft viability during NMP. Perfusate lactate clearance does not discriminate between viable and nonviable livers during NMP. Perfusate GGT and FMN may represent POC biomarkers predictive of liver injury during NMP.
ψ‐v Computation of steady‐state conjugate heat transfer in backward‐facing step flow
Authors: Dutta Sailen , Kumar Pankaj , Kalita Jiten C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study steady‐state conjugate heat transfer over a backward‐facing step flow using a combination of a compact finite difference scheme for the ‐ form of the Navier–Stokes equations and a higher‐order compact scheme for the temperature equations on nonuniform grids. We investigate the effect of Reynolds number (), conductivity ratio (), Prandtl number (), and slab thickness () on the heat transfer characteristics. Isotherms remain clustered near the reattachment point in the fluid, while the temperature in the solid decreases vertically, with the minima at the reattachment point. Heat transfer rate (HTR) increases with Re, the maximum at the reattachment point. The HTR increases with till after, which it becomes invariant as . Isotherms at the inlet become more disorderly with increasing Pr, and progressively clustered near the interface, indicating an increase in HTR, while the temperature in the solid region decreases with Pr. Increasing b decreases the HTR. In addition to obtaining an excellent match with results previously reported in the literature, we offer more comprehensive and previously unreported insights on flow physics.
Pleomorphicskin eruptions in a COVID‐19 affected patient: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Scala Enrico , Fania Luca , Bernardini Filippo , Calarco Rodolfo , Chiloiro Sabrina , Di Campli Cristiana , Erculei Sabrina , Giani Mauro , Giordano Marzia , Panebianco Annarita , Passarelli Francesca , Trovè Andrea , Verkhovskaia Sofia , Russo Giandomenico , Sgadari Antonio , Didona Biagio , Abeni Damiano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), during its course, may involve several organs, including the skin with a petechial skin rash, urticaria and erythematous rash, or varicella‐like eruption, representing an additional effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, as commonly observed in other viral diseases. Considering that symptomatic patients with COVID‐19 generally undergo multidrug treatments, the occurrence of a possible adverse drug reaction presenting with cutaneous manifestations should be contemplated. Pleomorphic skin eruptions occurred in a 59‐year‐old Caucasian woman, affected by a stable form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, treated with a combination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate, darunavir, ritonavir, sarilumb, omeprazole, ceftriaxone, high‐flow oxygen therapy devices, filgrastim (Zarzio®) as a single injection, and enoxaparin. The patient stopped all treatment but oxygen and enoxaparin were continued and the patient received a high‐dose Desametasone with complete remission of dermatological impairment in 10 days. It is very important to differentially diagnose COVID‐19 disease‐related cutaneous manifestations, where is justified to continue the multidrug antiviral treatment, from those caused by an adverse drug reaction, where it would be necessary to identify the possible culprit drug and to start appropriate antiallergic treatment.
Plasma levels of Th17‐associated cytokines and selenium status in autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Zake Tatjana , Kalere Ieva , Upmale‐Engela Sabine , Svirskis Simons , Gersone Gita , Skesters Andrejs , Groma Valerija , Konrade Ilze 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe contribution of Th17 cytokines to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is generally accepted. However, the roles of Th17 cells in the initiation and progression of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) remain unclear. Selenium deficiency, along with genetic predisposition and environmental factors, may have a role in thyroid autoimmunity.AimWe aimed to assess (1) the Th17 immune response by measuring plasma levels of Th17‐ and Treg‐associated cytokines and (2) the selenium status in treatment‐naïve Latvian patients with newly diagnosed GD or HT.MethodsEleven GD patients, 41 HT patients, and 26 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Plasma levels of IL‐17a, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10 were detected by xMAP technology, while selenium was detected fluorometrically.Results and ConclusionsNo significant differences in IL‐17a, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, or IL‐10 levels were found among the HT patients, GD patients, and controls. In the HT patients, IL‐17a levels were positively correlated with IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10, while IL‐22 was correlated with IL‐6, IL‐23, and IL‐10. In the GD patients, IL‐17a levels were positively correlated with IL‐22, IL‐23, and IL‐10; IL‐22 was positively correlated with IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10; FT3 was positively correlated with IL‐17a, IL‐23, and IL‐10; and FT4 was positively correlated with IL‐17a and IL‐10 levels. Plasma selenium levels were negatively correlated with antithyroid peroxidase antibody titers in the HT patients. Although no difference in selenium levels was observed between the AITD patients and controls, the selenium status of the Latvian patients with GD or HT was at a suboptimal level.
Genomic analysis of host gene responses to cerebral Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Authors: Li Ke , Wang Han , Zhang Hong‐Feng , Zhao Xiao‐Xiao , Lai Yong‐Ji , Liu Fang‐Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionA vaccine for malaria is urgently required but no vaccine has yet shown satisfactory protective efficacy especially for Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum infection can progress to cerebral malaria (CM), a neurological syndrome with exceedingly high mortality. Designing effective P. falciparum vaccines require more understanding of the protective immune response while the host immune response to CM and the mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we aim to identify host gene responses to CM and host gene networks associated with CM pathogenesis.MethodsAn innovative genomic analysis strategy, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) combined with differential gene expression analysis, was used in this study. Data for analysis contain 93 whole blood samples, derived from two previous public transcriptome datasets.ResultsThis approach led to the identification of numerous differentially expressed human transcripts and dozens of coexpression gene modules. We further identified nine key genes, including MBP, SAMSN1, PSMF1, SLC39A8, EIF3B, SMPDL3A, FABP5, SPSB3, and SHARPIN, of which the last four genes were first identified to be related to CM in the present study.ConclusionThe results provided a comprehensive characterization of host gene expression profiles in CM and offered some new insight into malaria vaccine design. These identified key genes could be potential targets or immune modulators for novel therapeutic interventions of CM.
Baseline CD4 count and the time interval between the initial HIV infection and diagnosis among PLHIV in Bhutan
Authors: khandu Lekey , Dhakal Guru P. , Lhazeen Karma 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionCD4 count is an important predictor of disease progression, opportunities infection, deaths, and to understand the time interval between initial HIV infection to the first diagnosis. However, baseline CD4 count and the time period between initial infection and the diagnosis amongst PLHIV in Bhutan never been evaluated.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of the diagnosed PLHIV from the existing data system from January 10 to 30, 2021. Out of 512 reported HIV cases, 488 of those who were more than or equal to 18 years old and had their CD4 count testing within 6 months before initiating ART were considered for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of the study population and relationship were established using the χ
2 Test. We have sought ethics approval and waiver for informed consent as it is the retrospective study of the client's record. The client's confidentiality was ensured by removing all the identifiers.ResultsThe mean CD4 was 345 cells/ml for males and females. Twenty‐five percent of the clients had CD4 counts below 200, 30%, between 200 and 349, 25% between 350 and 499, and 20% above 500 cells/ml. A larger number of males showed a CD4 count below 200 cells/ml while more females showed a CD4 count more than 500 cells/ml. The mean time interval between initial infection to the first diagnosis was 4 years in males and females. However, about one‐fourth were found to have been infected between 5 and 8 years before diagnosis and less than 10% were diagnosed within less than 1 year of infection.ConclusionsThe study revealed a late diagnosis of HIV infection in Bhutan thereby risking the transmission to the community and risk of severe disease and mortality. The upscaling of voluntary counseling and testing, medical screening, and alternative methods like community‐based testing including HIV Self Testing for early detection needs to be implemented in the country.
Penetrating penile injury due to the splintering of the floorboards in the gymnasium
Authors: Kaneko Tomoyuki , Sakamoto Akihiko , Yoshida Takahiro , Yanagida Kazuki , Yoshimura Itsuki , Hagiwara Kanade , Kimura Masaki , Yamada Yukio , Nakagawa Tohru 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionWe present the case of a patient with penetrating penile injury caused by splintering floorboards in a gymnasium.Case presentationA 24‐year‐old man was brought to the emergency department of our hospital because of an unintentional penetrating penile injury sustained while playing volleyball at a gymnasium. He dove into the wooden floor to fly‐receive the ball. When sliding with his abdomen on the floor, a wooden splinter from the floorboard stuck from the base of his penis to near the glans penis. The splinter was gently removed without bleeding under local anesthesia.ConclusionsSplintering floorboards in gymnasiums can cause serious trauma, including penile injuries. Health‐care workers and users of public facilities, such as gymnasiums, should be aware of the accident risk associated with wooden floors.
Elimination of human cytomegalovirus DNA degradation in urine
Authors: Guo Xiaoyi , Wang Han , You Ruilan , Tang Jiabao , Wang Jin , Song Qiaoqiao , Huang Yue , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Shiyin , Li Tingdong , Ge Shengxiang , Wu Ting , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVi) is an important cause of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns. Detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in urine has been used to screen for cCMVi in newborns. However, the matrix effect of urine on HCMV DNA detection is unclear. To evaluate the matrix effect of urine on HCMV DNA detection and optimize the sample process strategy to eliminate or minimize the impact of urine on HCMV DNA detection, DNA in spiked samples was extracted using different DNA extraction methods, and urine samples that could inhibit HCMV DNA detection were mixed to evaluate the inhibitory substances, inhibitory mechanism, and elimination of the inhibitory effect. The optimal urine sample process strategy was evaluated using 42 adult female urine samples and 42 newborn urine samples spiked with HCMV. Some urine samples were found to inhibit HCMV DNA detection due to DNA degradation. The addition of ≥5 mM EDTA to the urine before extraction eliminated the inhibitory effect of urine and did not affect the detection results of urine exhibiting no inhibition. Of the 42 adult female and 42 newborn urine samples, four and two samples, respectively, could inhibit HCMV DNA detection. However, the inhibitory effects of these six urine samples were eliminated after the addition of EDTA. The collective results indicate that the addition of EDTA can completely eliminate the impact of inhibitors present in urine on HCMV DNA extraction and improve the detection of HCMV in urine.
Reversible switching of primary cells between normal and malignant state by oncogenic virus KSHV and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeting of a major viral latent protein
Authors: Ju Enguo , Li Tingting , Ramos da Silva Suzane , Markazi Ashley , Gao Shou‐Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractViral infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a plethora of human diseases. Although antiviral therapies effectively confront the viral spread and infection, how to completely eradicate the viral genome from infected cells remains a challenge. In this study, we demonstrated the reversible switching of primary cells between normal and malignant states by an oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeting of a major viral latent protein. Primary cells can be transformed into malignant status by infection of KSHV, while elimination of the KSHV genome from latent KSHV‐infected cells reverses KSHV‐transformed primary cells back to a “normal state” by CRISPR/Cas‐mediated knockout of viral major latent gene LANA. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated efficient elimination of KSHV episome in KSHV‐associated primary effusion lymphoma cells resulting in the induction of apoptosis by liposome‐encapsulated CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes (Lipo/Cas9‐LANAsgRNA). Our work illustrates CRISPR/Cas as a promising technology for eliminating oncogenic viruses from persistently infected cells by taking advantage of the genetic differences between viral and cellular genomes. Compared to traditional antiviral therapy, our study offer an approach for antagonizing human oncogenic virus‐related cancers by directly targeting as well as clearing viral genomes.
The association between short‐term exposure to air pollutants and rotavirus infection in Wuhan, China
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Yan Li , Chen Xing , Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of various meteorological factors on rotavirus (RV) infection has been previously studied; however, few studies have explored the association between short‐term exposure to air pollutants and RV infection.MethodsDaily RV positive cases among children aged 0–6 years were collected from July 2014 to August 2019 in Tongji hospital (Wuhan, China). Daily data on air temperature and air pollutants were obtained from the China Meteorological Network. A distributed lag model to explore the lagged effects of short‐term exposure to air pollutants and RV infection was performed. The distribution lag model was used to study the lag effect of short‐term exposure to air pollutants and RV infection.ResultsRV infection was negatively correlated with mean air temperature and O3 concentration. The RV infection risk decreased by 5.2% and 0.47% for every 1℃ increase in average temperature and 1 ug/m3 increase in O3 concentration, respectively. Increased PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations were independent risk factors for an increase in positive rates; their relative risk values were 1.0014 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0013–1.0015), 1.0050 (95% CI, 1.0047–1.0053), and 1.0030 (95% CI, 1.0028–1.0032), respectively. The highest RV‐positive rates were from January to March and November to December. Additionally, children <18 months of age and boys were more vulnerable to infection.ConclusionsAir pollutants were important factors impacting the RV‐positivity of children in Wuhan. These findings may help develop an early environment‐based warning system to prevent and control RV infection.