bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Pyrazole Hybrids
Authors: Abdel‐Motaal Marwa , El‐Senduny Fardous F. , Shaaban Saad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNovel pyrazole hybrids (3‐17) were synthesized via one‐pot reaction of thiocarbonyldihydrazide (1), ethyl 3‐phenyl‐3‐oxopropanoate (2), and different carbonyl reagents in good yields (68–98 %). Their structures were confirmed using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and Mass spectroscopy (MS), as well as elemental analysis. Pyrazole hybrids (3‐17) were screened for their cytotoxicity against three different breast cancer cell lines (e. g., MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and 4T1) and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Interestingly, 5‐oxo‐N′‐(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐3‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carbothiohydrazide (13) exhibited good anticancer activity (IC50=25±0.4 μM) against the aggressive, invasive, and tumorigenic 4T1 cells. Therefore, its therapeutic index was estimated in normal human skin fibroblast (HSF). Moreover, its possible mode of action was investigated using colony formation, wound healing, apoptosis induction, cell cycle, and DNA damage assays. Collectively, pyrazole 13 led to 4T1 cells cell death via inhibition of wound healing and colony formation as well as cell cycle delay in the G0/G1 phase, activation of p27 levels, and apoptosis probably via DNA intercalation.
Preparation, Characterization and Decolorization Performance of Magnetic Adsorbent Pellets Formed by the Utilization of Electric Flocculation Sludge
Authors: Liu Mei , Qin Xiaolong , Yuan Jialu , Qiu Yang , Tang Shenghui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA new magnetic adsorbent pellets(MP) was prepared with electric flocculation sludge as raw material by technologies of alkaline impregnation, heat activation and composition with vermiculite. Its decolorization performance for treating methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater is studied, and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, XPS, BET and magnetic hysteresis curve. The results showed that the best prepare condition of MP is that impregnation time of 15 % KOH solution is 48 h and a subsequent calcination at 600 °C for 60 min,m(vermiculite)/m(sludge)=1.0. Characterization analysis illustrates that the activated sludge and vermiculite has been successfully composited. And the organic waste in sludge is converted into activated carbon and the iron species are transformed into Fe3O4. It has mesoporous structure and magnetic property and can be separated from the solution by an external magnetic field. In addition, MP was effective on treating MB wastewater, the decoloration is 85 % at the dosage of 10 g L−1when the contact time is 84 h and the initial concentration of dye is 10 mg L−1and 20 mg L−1. The sludge utilization technology investigated in this work is a new process which could reduce the emission, protect the environment and yield the useful by‐product.
Design and Development of Distinct Tetracyanoquinodimethane Derivatives Exhibiting Dual Effect of Fluorescence and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Syed Anwarhussaini , Battula Himabindu , Bobde Yamini , Patel Tarun , Ghosh Balaram , Jayanty Subbalakshmi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is known to react with primary/secondary amines to generate mono/di‐substituted TCNQ derivatives resulting in optical (fluorescence) and non‐linear optical characteristics. However, the choice of amine plays a key role in the sequel of certain material attributes. Nevertheless, demonstration of TCNQ derivatives, specifically obtained by reacting TCNQ with simple & small amine side chains of existing anticancer drugs, emerging in dual effect of fluorescence as well as anticancer activity, is not explored so far and has been still existing as a gap in TCNQ related research. Additionally, mono/di‐substituted TCNQ's owning strong fluorescence in solutions (∼10 to 104 order) than their solids are still lacking and are in need to be generated. In this regard, we aimed to synthesize straightforward TCNQ derivatives in single step by reacting TCNQ with specific (simple and small) amines being side chains of existing anticancer drugs (a contemporary design approach) and successfully obtained novel mono/di‐substituted TCNQ derivatives manifesting dual effect of fluorescence and anticancer activity. In this fashion, we have avoided the usage of bulky main moiety of an anticancer molecule, since our aim was not to use the total anticancer drug as such, like in a Pro‐drug preparation, but we intended to use the minimal part of an anticancer drug to invent novel TCNQ derivatives as anticancer active fluorophores. Wavelength of maximum emission for all the five potent molecules was within ∼525 nm‐696 nm. All compounds showed moderate anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines and IC50 values were in the range of 11 to 49 μM, when the synthesized novel compounds were tested in B16F10, MDA‐MB‐231 and A549 cell lines. Henceforth, this study has emanated in the first generation TCNQ derivatives as organic fluorescent anticancer active molecules.
A Practical Method of N‐Methylpyrrole Disulfonamides Synthesis: Computational Studies, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition and Electrochemical DNA Binding Investigations
Authors: Abas Mujahid , Nazir Yasir , Ashraf Zaman , Iqbal Zafar , Raza Hussain , Hassan Mubashir , Jabeen Erum , Bais Abdul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds bearing sulfonamide moiety have been reported to possess carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity. In the present study, a series of novel N‐methylpyrrole 3(a–j) derivatives bearing disulfonamide functional group have been synthesized by following a simple nucleophilic substitution reaction route to explore their carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity. N‐methylpyrrole (1) was converted into N‐methylpyrrole disulfonyl chloride (2), which upon condensation with various aliphatic and aromatic amines, yielded the final products 3(a–j). In silico docking results predicted strong binding of synthesized compounds in an enzymatic pocket of human carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (PDB ID 4Q6D). In vitro carbonic anhydrase inhibitory assays revealed that analogues 3 e (1‐Methyl‐N3,N4‐bis(2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐3,4‐disulfonamide) and 3j (N3,N4,1‐trimethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3,4‐disulfonamide) were most potent with IC50 0.38±0.01 μM and 0.75±0.88 μM respectively in comparison to standard acetazolamide (IC50 0.99±0.04 μM). The enzyme inhibitory kinetics exhibited 3 e a noncompetitive inhibitor with Km and Ki values as 0.34 mM and 18.2 μM respectively. The compounds 3 e and 3 j showed very little cytotoxicity against human keratinocyte (HaCaT) with 80 % cell viability and the anticancer activity performed against MCF‐7 cell line showed that the compounds 3 e and 3 j caused 80 % and 45 % cell death respectively at 125 μM concentrations. Combining the results of DNA binding analysis through the UV‐Vis spectroscopy (hypochromism), cyclic voltammetry (current decrease), and fluorescence spectroscopy (hypochromism in intercalator's peak); mixed binding mode (intercalation + groove binding) was suggested for 3 e and intercalation for 3 j with stronger DNA binding of 3 e than 3 j. Based on our results 3 e and 3 j may be proposed to serve as a lead structure for designing potentially more active CAIs.
Cyclocondensation of o‐Phenylenediamines with 2‐Oxo‐ethanimidothioates: A Novel Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐(het)aryl‐quinoxalines
Authors: Kiran Kuppalli R. , Swaroop Toreshettahally R. , Santhosh Chikkappaiahnayaka , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract2‐Amino‐3‐(het)aryl‐quinoxalines were synthesized by the cyclization reaction between 2‐oxo‐ethanimidothioates and o‐phenylenediamine in the presence of acid catalyst p‐TSA in toluene at 80 °C. The products were obtained in 58–84 % yields. The required substrates 2‐oxo‐ethanimidothioates were synthesized by the condensation reaction between α‐oxodithioester and amine in the presence of sodium hydride in DMF followed treatment with methyl iodide.
Superfast Synthesis of Densely Packed and Ultrafine Pt–Lanthanide@KB via Solvent‐Free Microwave as Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Nie Nanzhu , Zhang Dan , Wang Zuochao , Qin Yingnan , Zhai Xuejun , Yang Bo , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAt present, it is still a great challenge to synthesize refractory Pt‐based electrocatalysts with excellent active specific surface area, specific activity, and stability by a simple method. Here, a superfast and solvent‐free microwave strategy is reported to synthesize refractory ultrafine (≈3 nm) Pt–lanthanide@Ketjen Black (PtM@KB, M = La, Gd, Tb, Er, Tm, and Yb) alloy with densely packed as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts in a domestic microwave oven for the first time. The optimized Pt61La39@KB delivers excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with a low overpotential of 38 mV (10 mA cm−2) and a high TOF value of 44.13 s−1 (100 mV) in 0.5 m H2SO4, and performs well in 1.0 m KOH. This method can also be used to grow catalysts on carbon cloth (CC) directly. PtLa@CC shows an overpotential of 99 mV (1000 mA cm−2) in 0.5 m H2SO4 and can maintain activity after 500 h. Theoretical calculations reveal the enhanced stability and activity owing to the higher vacancy formation energy of Pt atoms and the optimized value of ΔGH*. Solvent‐free microwave strategy constitutes a significant insight into the development of refractory electrocatalyst with ultrafine size and highly dense, which can also work well at high current densities.
Modular Lipid Nanoparticle Platform Technology for siRNA and Lipophilic Prodrug Delivery
Authors: van der Meel Roy , Chen Sam , Zaifman Josh , Kulkarni Jayesh A. , Zhang Xu Ran S. , Tam Ying K. , Bally Marcel B. , Schiffelers Raymond M. , Ciufolini Marco A. , Cullis Pieter R. , Tam Yuen Yi C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSuccessfully employing small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics requires the use of nanotechnology for efficient intracellular delivery. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have enabled the approval of various nucleic acid therapeutics. A major advantage of LNPs is the interchangeability of its building blocks and RNA payload, which allow it to be a highly modular system. In addition, drug derivatization approaches can be used to synthesize lipophilic small molecule prodrugs that stably incorporate in LNPs. This provides ample opportunities to develop combination therapies by co‐encapsulating multiple therapeutic agents in a single formulation. Here, it is described how the modular LNP platform is applied for combined gene silencing and chemotherapy to induce additive anticancer effects. It is shown that various lipophilic taxane prodrug derivatives and siRNA against the androgen receptor, a prostate cancer driver, can be efficiently and stably co‐encapsulated in LNPs without compromising physicochemical properties or gene‐silencing ability. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the combination therapy induces additive therapeutic effects in vitro. Using a double‐radiolabeling approach, the pharmacokinetic properties and biodistribution of LNPs and prodrugs following systemic administration in tumor‐bearing mice are quantitatively determined. These results indicate that co‐encapsulating siRNA and lipophilic prodrugs into LNPs is an attractive and straightforward plug‐and‐play approach for combination therapy development.
Longitudinal naming and repetition relates to AD pathology and burden in autopsy‐confirmed primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Cousins Katheryn A.Q. , Bove Jessica , Giannini Lucia A. A. , Kinney Nikolas G. , Balgenorth Yvonne R. , Rascovsky Katya , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients with autopsy‐confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FLTD), we tested how the core clinical features of logopenic PPA—naming and repetition—change over time and relate to pathologic burden.MethodsIn PPA with AD (n = 13) or FTLD (n = 16) pathology, Boston Naming Test and Forward Digit Span measured longitudinal naming and repetition; as reference, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) measured global cognition. Pathologic burden in left peri‐Sylvian regions was related to longitudinal cognitive decline.ResultsPPA with AD showed greater decline in naming (P = 0.021) and repetition (P = 0.020), compared to FTLD; there was no difference in MMSE decline (P = 0.99). Across all PPA, declining naming (P = 0.0084) and repetition (P = 0.011) were associated with angular, superior‐middle temporal (naming P = 0.014; repetition P = 0.011) and middle frontal (naming P = 0.041; repetition P = 0.030) pathologic burden.DiscussionUnique longitudinal profiles of naming and repetition performance in PPA with AD are related to left peri‐Sylvian pathology.
Synovial lipomatosis of the stifle joint in a dog
Authors: Orekhova Anna , Schwarz Tobias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynovial lipomatosis has been described as a rare disease of the synovial membrane in humans. This report represents a synovial lipomatosis case of the left stifle joint in a dog, diagnosed by MRI and validated by histopathologic examination. Synovial lipomatosis can be difficult to recognise due to the absence of specific clinical features, especially in view of its similarity to other disorders with the benign or malignant origin in the synovial membrane. Therefore, the validation of this pathology could be essential in directing patient management. The aim of this report was to describe approaches required for the identification of synovial lipomatosis, such as clinical signs, diagnostic imaging characteristics and histological pattern, that have not been published previously in veterinary medicine.
Evaluating Semantic Co-creation by Using a Marker as a Linguistic Constraint Tool in Shared Cognitive Representation Models
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Nürnberger Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSemantic co-creation occurs in the process of communication between two or more people, where human cognitive representation models of the topic of discussion converge. The use of linguistic constraint tools (for example a shared marker) enable participants to focus on communication, improving communicative success. Recent results state that the best communicative success can be achieved if two users can interact in a restricted way, so called team focused interaction hypothesis. Even though the advantage of team focused interaction sounds plausible, it needs to be noted that previous studies enforce the constraint usage. Our study aims at investigating the advantage of using shared markers as a linguistic constraint tool in semantic co-creation, while moving them becomes optional. In our experimental task, based on a shared geographic map as a cognitive representation model, the two participants have to identify a target location, which is only known to a third participant. We assess two main factors, the teams’ use of a shared marker and the two complexity levels of the cognitive representation model. We had hypothesized that sharing a marker should improve communicative success, as communication is more focused. However, our results indicated no general benefit by using a marker as well as team interaction, itself. Our results suggest that the use of a shared marker is an efficient linguistic constraint at higher levels of complexity of the cognitive representation than those tested in our study. Based on this consideration, the team focused interaction hypothesis should be further developed to include a control parameter for the perceived decision complexity of the cognitive representation model.
Grounding Abstract Concepts in Action
Authors: Vernillo Paola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSensory-motor information is linguistically encoded by action verbs. Such verbs are not only used to express action concepts and events, but they are also pervasively exploited in the linguistic representation of abstract concepts and figurative meanings. In the light of several theoretical approaches (i.e., Embodied Theories, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Image Schema Theory), this paper analyzes the mechanisms that enable action verbs to acquire abstract meanings and that motivate the symmetries (or asymmetries) in the semantic variations of locally equivalent verbs (e.g.,premereandspingere; Eng.,to pressandto push). The research is carried out within the IMAGACT framework and focuses on a set of four Italian action verbs encoding force (i.e.,premere,spingere,tirare, andtrascinare; Eng.,to press,to push,to pull, andto drag). The results confirm that metaphorical extensions of action verbs are constrained by the image schemas involved in the core meaning of the verbs. Additionally, the paper shows that these image schemas are responsible for the asymmetries in the metaphorical variation of action verbs pertaining to the same semantic class (i.e., force).
Implant removal associated complications after ESIN osteosynthesis in pediatric fractures
Authors: Lieber Justus , Dietzel Markus , Scherer Simon , Schäfer Jürgen F. , Kirschner Hans-Joachim , Fuchs Jörg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
ESIN (elastic stable intramedullary nailing) is considered the gold standard for various pediatric fractures. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and type of complications during or after TEN (titanium elastic nail) removal.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis was performed. Metal removal associated complications and preoperative extraosseous length/outlet angle of TENs as possible causes of complications were assessed.

Results
The complication rate in 384 TEN removals was 3.1% (n = 12). One major complication (rupture of M. extensor pollicis brevis) was documented. One refracture at the forearm occurred, however, remodeling prior TEN removal was completed. Ten minor complications were temporary or without irreversible restrictions (3 infections, 5 scaring/granuloma, 2 temporary paraesthesia).
In 38 cases (16 forearms, 10 femora, 9 humeri, 3 lower legs), intra-operative fluoroscopy had to be used to locate the implants. In patients with forearm fractures, extraosseous implant length was relatively shorter than in cases without fluoroscopy (p = 0.01), but outlet angle of TENs was not significantly different in these two groups (28.5° vs 25.6°). In patients with femur fractures, extraosseous implant length and outlet angle were tendentially shorter, respectively, lower, but this did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
Removal of TENs after ESIN is a safe procedure with a low complication rate. Technically inaccurate TEN implantation makes removal more difficult and complicated. To prevent an untimely removal and patient discomfort, nail ends must be exactly positioned and cut. Intraoperative complications may be minimized with removal of TENs before signs of overgrowth.

Evidence
Level III, retrospective.
Sicherheitsaspekte und Vorbereitung zur Notfallvorsorge und Gefahrenabwehr in Kliniken bei MANV/TerrorMANV
Authors: Hoth Patrick , Bieler Dan , Friemert Benedikt , Franke Axel , Blätzinger Markus , Achatz Gerhard ,   AG EKTC der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Weltweite terroristische Aktivitäten seit „9/11“ und folgend auch im europäischen Raum haben im Rahmen der Bewertung von kritischer Infrastruktur in Deutschland zu einem Umdenken auch hinsichtlich der Sicherheit an und in Kliniken geführt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Publikation befasst sich mit der Bewertung vorliegender Konzepte zu Themen wie „Alarmierung“, „Sicherheit“, „Kommunikation“ und „Vorbereitung“ im vorgenannten Kontext.

Material und Methoden
Anhand einer Literatursichtung sowie einer Umfrage unter den Teilnehmern*innen der 3. Notfallkonferenz der DGU (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie) werden diese Thematik und die aktuell vorliegende Situation weiter analysiert und vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Die gewonnenen Daten verdeutlichen, dass ein Großteil der Kliniken zwar über eine Krankenhausalarm- und Einsatzplanung verfügt, jedoch die Frequenz der Aktualisierungen und die innerklinische Kommunikation zur Steigerung der Wahrnehmung eine deutliche Streuung zeigen.
Weiterhin verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse eine Heterogenität der vorliegenden innerklinischen Alarmierungskonzepte sowie einen Mangel an Sicherheitskonzepten und Kooperationen mit Sicherheits- und Wachdiensten. Zudem zeigt sich, dass die Thematik einer möglichen CBRN(chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear)-Bedrohung in der Risikoanalyse noch nicht adäquat wahrgenommen wird bzw. umgesetzt ist.

Diskussion
Zusammenfassend scheint die latente Bedrohung durch terroristische Aktivitäten dazu geführt zu haben, dass sich deutsche Kliniken in der Bewertung als kritische Infrastruktur mit der Thematik „Krankenhausalarm- und Einsatzplanung“ auseinandergesetzt und diese überwiegend auch umgesetzt haben. Allerdings zeigt sich für die nachgeordneten Bereiche und die aus der Alarmplanung ableitbaren Konsequenzen noch nicht die nötige Stringenz, um letztendlich adäquate Reaktionen in diesen besonderen Szenarien im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit in und an deutschen Kliniken zu gewährleisten.
Predictors of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction After Primary Interrupted Aortic Arch Repair
Authors: Korsuize Nina A. , van Wijk Abraham , Haas Felix , Grotenhuis Heynric B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular outflow tract obstruction is an important complication after interrupted aortic arch repair and subsequent interventions may adversely affect survival. Identification of patients at risk for obstruction is important to facilitate clinical decision-making and monitoring during follow-up. The aim of this review is to summarize reported risk factors for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after corrective surgery for interrupted aortic arch. A systematic search of the literature was performed across the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Studies that reported echocardiographic and/or clinical predictors for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in infants that underwent biventricular repair of interrupted aortic arch were included. From the 44 potentially relevant studies, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction requiring an intervention was common, with an incidence ranging between 14 and 38%. Manifestation of postoperative left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was associated with a smaller pre-operative size of the aortic root (sinus of Valsalva), sinotubular junction, and aortic annulus. Anatomic and surgical risk factors for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were the presence of an aberrant right subclavian artery, use of a pulmonary homograft or polytetrafluoroethylene interposition graft for aortic arch repair, and the presence of a small- or medium-sized ventricular septal defect. In patients with a borderline left ventricular outflow tract that undergo a primary repair, these (pre-) operative predictors can provide guidance for optimal surgical decision-making and for close monitoring during follow-up of patients at increased risk for developing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after corrective surgery.