bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Involute Profile Error on Spur Gear Processed using Wire EDM
Authors: Yusron R M , Prasetyo T , Pramudia M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Demand on high accuracy product are getting raised recently. Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of non-conventional machining who can produce high accuracy product with two axis. By using sparks from electrical energy to erode material in conductive fluid, called electrode fluid. A spur gear with JIS B 1701:1973 standard has specific criteria, including dimension and mechanical tolerance. DIN 1.2378 is a medium carbon steel which is common to use as a gear in automotive industry. This martial is like the ordinary one, but with an extra nickel. The aim of this research is to observe how far effect Wire EDM parameter process such as pulse on time, open voltage, pulse current and wire tension affected on involute profile error of spur gear shape with Taguchi matrix orthogonal L18 methods as experimental design. From research we concluded that the most involute profile error is a minus profile, it means involute curve on actual gear smaller than ideal involute curve. The smallest dimensional distortion involute profile error is 79μm and the highest 125μm. Process parameter pulse on time, open voltage, and pulse current has directly proportional to involute profile error, while wire tension has inversely proportional to involute profile error.
Study of Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Nirala A , Soren S , Kumar Navneet , Kumar Raj , Shrivastava AK , Prasad H , Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Yadav J K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magnesium matrix composites are used widely because of light weight, higher mechanical, and physical properties and due to that, it is used potentially in numerous applications of aviation and defense organizations. Improving specific strength, stiffness, dampening behavior, wear behavior, shrinkages, and fatigue properties, in comparison with traditional engineering materials, is greatly affected by the integration of reinforcement into the magnesium metal matrix. The present research paper describes the results and merits of various reinforcements in magnesium and its alloy ant it addresses important processes, such as interfacial transformation, agglomeration, fiber-matrix interaction, and the difficulties with the distribution of reinforcement particles. The effect of strengthening on the microstructural and mechanical properties was often discussed in detail, such as Tensile properties, hardness and wear properties of the composites. Furthermore, the development and invention of new magnesium metal matrix composites are challenges for future study. The study of nanocomposites of magnesium matrix is a future research aim for the automotive/aviation sector.
Dimensional Synthesis of Watt-I Metal Mechanism based on Motion Generation
Authors: Nafees Khalid 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In industrial automation, there is always increasing demand of generating desired motion with accuracy and precision. It is possible when the mechanism generates motion for large number of precision points. Therefore, in present work, the dimensional synthesis of a 6-bar, Watt-I mechanism has been carried for twenty coupler positions. The single degree of freedom mechanism has revolute pairs at each of its joint and is able to generate required motion. All the links of the mechanism are made of metal. The dyad-triad design equations are formed in terms of complex number algebra. To solve these equations, a MATLAB code is generated and utilized to yield the dimensional parameters i.e. lengths and angular orientations of all links of the mechanism. The complete synthesis methodology is modeled and demonstrated on a numerical problem. To verify the outcomes, SAM 7.0 application software has been incorporated and applied on the given example.
Low Carbon Production Inventory Model for Imperfect Quality Deteriorating Items with the Screening Process
Authors: Singh S R , Chaudhary Rinki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Carbon emissions play an important role in global warming. Currently, some countries are alert for reducing the carbon emissions. Basically, many countries use carbon cap & tax policies to reduce emission. Observance this issue in mind, we considered a production inventory model for a manageable carbon emissions rate. In this paper, we consider an imperfect production inventory model for decaying product with carbon emission and the defective rate is product dependent. To select the perfect and imperfect items have been inspected the produced items. The defective goods are sold in an only one consignment at the stop of the 100% screening process at a lower cost. The planned process is validated with the help of a numerical example. A solution process is given to establish the most favorable ordering policy. Finally, Sensitivity analysis of different parameters has been approved.
A Methodological Study for the Stress Analysis to Evaluate Single Lap Adhesive Joint
Authors: Kushwah Sagarsingh , Bhatt Meet , Desai Chirag , Parekh Shreyashkumar , Joshi Poojan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The use of adhesive bonding is increased in load-bearing applications in place of conventional joining techniques such as bolted or rivets joints. The high-stress concentration occurs at the end of an adhesive-bonded lap joint so all failures begin at the end of the overlap region and get fractured in the end. The single-lap adhesive-bonded joint was used in the current study to examine the peel stress and shear stress results along the overlap region. The comparison of the analytical and experimental result was made to validate the results along with it the load vs displacement curve was obtained from results. Also, stress vs strain curve and peel stress vs overlap length of the one mm thickness of testing specimen was obtained.
Critical Factors of Post Implementation of ERP in Higher Education Systems Survey Review
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Garg Adarsh , Kumar Avadhesh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
ERP system is an automated system which helps in streamlining the process and/or operations and organise data of a business. Keeping this in mind the educational institutions have been rapidly inclined towards adopting the system for their organizations. Initially the ERP systems were designed for business sector, their adaptation in educational institutions require modifying the basic architecture of the system design which has to engulf the three major nexus of academic institution, v viz., finance, students and human resource. Along with this, the ERP implementation calls in a huge investment from the adopting institution. Each additional domain cost more. In addition to this the training of thousands of end-users is also a tedious task. Also, in any academic institution the security of the data related to student’s examination and employee files is a major concern. This paper is a result of a survey conducted amongst the end-users of six major colleges and universities of Delhi/NCR who has already adopted the ERP system and is currently using the same. The paper covers the aforesaid issues and the opinion from the sight of end-users.
Development of advanced composite materials: Defining the fabrication process for hybridization of graphene and natural silk reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kumar K N Sanjeev , Sharma S , Sharma P B , Mourad A-H I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In structural applications, Epoxy resin finds extensive application for its low cost, high strength to low weight ratio, higher amenability with superior dimensional stability in elevated temperatures, and chemical inertness. Furthermore, graphene has been extensively used as reinforcement materials to enhance strength and tensile/flexural stiffness. In contrast, natural silk within the other natural fibres showed higher impact strength and ductility, good biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility for a reinforcement filler material. Several ongoing field research on graphene and natural silk as an individual reinforcement in the epoxy composites have shown significant positive results. This paper concentrates on the research gap of hybridization of graphene and natural silk fibres (SF) as a combined reinforcement material to develop lightweight and high-performance epoxy composite material for structural applications. This paper discusses the suitable material selection and fabrication process for hybrid GO/SF epoxy composite. Graphene Oxide (GO) choice for the reinforcement on epoxy resin by (0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3 and 5) % volume fractions via wet transfer ultrasonication process and plain-woven Bombyx mori silk for 60% SF reinforcement discussed in the paper. The optimum volume fraction of GO and SF promoting significant improvements of the epoxy resin composites’ mechanical properties needs further evaluation during material characterization.
Optimizing Agricultural to Hydro power water transfer
Authors: Kurulekar Maya , Kumar K , Joshi Shardul , Kurulekar M , Shinde Neha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydro energy is one of the richest and most useful renewable energy sources in the world. It contributes 16-20% of total electricity generation in the world. A trade-off between irrigation and power generation is essential in order to achieve optimal social benefits. Proper allocation of water to irrigation and optimal utilization of water for power generation is one of the most important area of concern. The study is mainly concentred on using educators, auxiliary services and inline axial turbines. It helps to identify the energy recovering potential in terms of closed conduit. About 90% excess released through irrigation gates can be used for inline turbines. The inline turbine will also be exploited during the lower release where the main turbine could not be used during lower releases of water to irrigation. The remaining 10% water can be used for educator pumping and auxiliary services. The system of retrieving energy potential can be implemented in an agricultural to hydro power dependent irrigation projects. A pilot study on Dhom (2X1 MW) irrigation dependent hydroelectric plant, MAHAGENCO, Satara, Maharashtra has been conducted in order to tap the water during the lower release from the reservoirs. This paper emphasizes the methods of utilizing untapped energy during the lower & higher water release in irrigation dependent hydro power plant.
Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites: Manufacturing and Applications
Authors: Singh Lavepreet , Kumar Sandeep , Raj Shivam , Shivam  , Badhani Piyush 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aluminium metal matrix composites(AMCs) is widely used in the industrial applications right now. Aluminum metal matrix composites have properties that no other monolithic material can match. Due to their superior strength to conventional materials, aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have a broad variety of industrial applications. The nature of reinforcing, that can take the form of constant or undefined fibres, has a big influence on the properties of aluminum metal matrix composites. Thus it depends on the fabrication methods for aluminium matrix composites, which are influenced by a number of factors including the type of reinforcement and matrix used, its required degree with surface morphology integrity, as well as physical, mechanical, electro-chemical, and thermal properties. This article provides an overview of the manufacturing processes and different reinforcing elements used during the synthesis of Al-MMCs. Generally, the reinforced particles like carbides, nitrides, and compounds of oxides are used. This paper gives a brief overview on various methods that are beung used to manufacture aluminium metal matrix composites. The present study offers a description of the synthesis, mechanical behaviour, and utilisation of aluminium metal matrix composites. The main processing methods for making or production of aluminium metal matrix composites(AMCs) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, questions of commercialization as well as business issues are also discussed.
Optimization of sand-defects process parameters for reducing its defect using taguchi technique
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Kumar Gaurav , Kumar Mukesh , Vats Peeyush 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Foundry or casting manufacturing process is largely used in manufacturing of automobile and general-purpose machine components. Still this method is popular due to low cost, easiness in manufacturing and easy availability of input materials and resources. It involves a number of processes like sand preparation, pattern making, melting, pouring, cooling etc. Due to influence of so many factors defect arises by one factor or many factors. Still trial and error method are used by casting units to remove defects. Therefore, a more disciplined approach is required to find the root cause of problem. In this paper taguchi’s method and design of experiment is used to analyze sand and mould related defects. Standardization (optimization) attempt is done to obtain optimum values of process parameters by taguchi’s method whose experimental approach of design is robust. The parameters affecting the process are chosen as sand grain size, clay content, moisture percentage, pouring temperature, pouring time, green strength, permeability, mould hardness, number of vent holes, number of ramming etc. An orthogonal array L27 is selected which is based on taguchi. In this study a cast iron alloy (FG260) retainer used in tractor is focused.
Chemical and microstructural characterization of ash from the Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes in Peru
Authors: Tupayachy-Quispe Danny , Apaza Fredy , Churata Rossibel , Almirón Jonathan , Hermoza-Gutiérrez Marián , Velasco Francisco , Torres-Carrasco Manuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, volcanic ash from Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes in Peru were characterized by particle size, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX), ICP MASS spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and specific gravity. The combined application of those techniques for the analysis provided complementary information, i.e., their elemental compositions and morphology. The results showed that the volcanic ashes (VA) have a particle size lower than 600 μm with a dominant size over 100 μm. Their mineralogical characteristics involve silica polymorphs, vitreous nature of silica and silicate particles, showing chemical heterogeneity within the micrometer sized particles and diverse morphology. The chemical composition of the ash is mainly SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and CaO, with a high content of silica ranging from 57.78 to 66.14% and alumina ranges from 13.81 to 17.56%. The concentration of potential pollutant elements determined in products from Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes, namely As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, and Zn, are reported. The different mineralogical characteristics among the studied volcanic samples would be related to their association with different volcanic eruptions. The chemical compositions and microstructure indicate that ashes have an origin and formation of andesitic and dacitic type.
Nanoencapsulation of ethylvanillin using Electrohydrodynamic technology
Authors: Eltayeb Megdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An electrohydrodynamic method for preparation of ethylvanillin-loaded polymer-lipid-based nanoparticles. Various parameters of electrohydrodynamic are optimized for generating ethylvanillin-loaded nanoparticles by controllable electrohydrodynamic parameters. Ethylvanillin-loaded polymer-lipid-based nanoparticles with mean diameters of around 64-90nm with encapsulation efficiency in the range 67-71% are generated with all the flow rate from 10 to 25μl/min, the stearic acid-ethylcellulose-ethylvanillin concentration ratio of 4:1:1.6 wt%, and ethylvanillin content of 0.16%. The size of the ethylvanillin-loaded polymer-lipid-based nanoparticles production is examined using scanning electron microscopy.
Investigation of the Effects of the Classification of Building Stock Geometries Determined Using Clustering Techniques on the Vulnerability of Galvanized Iron Roof Covers Against Severe Wind Loading
Authors: Tan Liezl Raissa E. , Acosta Timothy John S. , Gumaro Joshua Joseph C. , Agar Joshua C. , Tingatinga Eric Augustus J. , Plamenco Dean Ashton D. , Ereno Mary Nathalie C. , Musico John Kenneth B. , Pacer Jihan S. , Baniqued Julius Rey D. , Hernandez Jaime Y. , Villalba Imee Bren O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the risk assessment of buildings against severe wind loading, the vulnerability component of risk is highly affected by the geometry of the structure. Parameters such as the height, width, length, aspect ratio, eaves length, and roof slope, affect the pressure distribution around the structure, which in turn affects the response of galvanized iron (GI) roof covers to wind loadings. In developing countries, there is a large variation in the building geometric parameters which poses a challenge in determining the archetypes that would best represent the building population for risk assessment. This paper aims to develop and propose a method in determining the building archetypes based on its geometry. The hierarchy for grouping of geometries started with the roof type. These were gable type roofs, mono-slope type roofs and hip type roofs. The building datasets per roofing type were then clustered using a two-stage approach involving Hierarchical and K-means clustering which were based on the aforementioned geometric parameters. These algorithms will aggregate buildings having similar sets of geometric parameters but the number of clusters must be specified. In order to determine the optimal number of clusters, this study employs various validation tools or measures namely – dendrograms, variation of the variance ratio criterion (VRC) across number of clusters, validity indices such as, Davies Bouldin, Silhouette and Calinski Harabasz, and the elbow method. Although guided by these validation methods, the final selection of the number of clusters were determined considering computational time and resources. To define an archetype, the mean values of each parameter per cluster were selected. Resulting to 5, 3, and 3, archetypes for gable, hip, and mono-slope roof buildings, respectively. The selection of the archetype was further evaluated by investigating its effects on the vulnerability of GI roof covers in order to see how distinct each archetype would behave. A Kruskal Wallis test on the vulnerability curves of the different building archetypes showed that there is a significant difference between vulnerability curves under a roof shape category, which reinforces the distinction between the selected building archetypes.
Addressing road–river infrastructure gaps using a model-based approach
Authors: Januchowski-Hartley Stephanie R , White James C , Pawar Sayali K , Januchowski-Hartley Fraser A , England Judy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The world’s rivers are covered over and fragmented by road infrastructure. Road–river infrastructure result in many socio-environmental questions and documenting where different types occur is challenged by their sheer numbers. Equally, the United Nations has committed the next decade to ecosystem restoration, and decision makers across government, non-government, and private sectors require information about where different types of road–river infrastructure occur to guide management decisions that promote both transport and river system resilience. Field-based efforts alone cannot address data and information needs at relevant scales, such as across river basins, nations, or regions to guide road–river infrastructure remediation. As a first step towards overcoming these data needs in Great Britain, we constructed a georeferenced database of road–river infrastructure, validated a subset of locations, and used a boosted regression tree model-based approach with environmental data to predict which infrastructure are bridges and culverts. We mapped 110 406 possible road–river infrastructure locations and were able to either validate or predict which of 110 194 locations were bridges (n = 60 385) or culverts (n = 49 809). Upstream drainage area had the greatest contribution to determining infrastructure type: when <10 km2 our model correctly predicted culverts 73% of the time but only 60% of the time for bridges. Road type and stream gradient also influenced model results. Our model-based approach is readily applied to other locations and contexts and can be used to inform decisions about management of smaller infrastructure that are frequently overlooked worldwide.
Flow Cytometric Findings in Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Nirmalanantham Priyatharsini , Sakhi Ramen , Beck Rose , Oduro Kwadwo , Gadde Ramya , Ryder Chris , Yoest Jennifer , Sadri Navid , Meyerson Howard J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To examine flow cytometric (FCM) findings in clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) in relation to variant allele fraction (VAF) and mutation risk.

Methods
Nine FCM parameters, including 5 FCM metrics (Meyerson-Alayed scoring scheme [MASS] parameters) we previously used to identify myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), were compared among 96 CCUS samples, 100 low-grade MDS samples and 100 samples from patients without somatic alterations (controls).

Results
FCM findings did not differ between CCUS samples with less than 20% VAF and controls. CCUS samples with more than 20% VAF (CCUS &gt;20% VAF) demonstrated more than 1 abnormal FCM parameter at a frequency between MDS and controls. Abnormalities in CCUS with high-risk alterations (CCUS(hi)) were similar to MDS, with no statistical difference in the percentage of cases with more than 1 FCM abnormality or a positive MASS score. The positive predictive value (PPV) for clinically significant myeloid processes; MDS, CCUS(hi), and CCUS &gt;20% VAF compared with other CCUS samples and controls was 94.8%, with 96.5% specificity and 61% sensitivity using a modified MASS score. A subset of MDS (43%) was distinguished from CCUS(hi) and CCUS &gt;20% VAF using 3 parameters, with a 93.5% PPV and 83.3% specificity.

Conclusions
FCM abnormalities can distinguish high-risk CCUS based on VAF or alteration type from low-risk CCUS and MDS in many cases. The findings are of potential utility in the evaluation of patients with cytopenias.
Proteinous pancreatic lipase inhibitor is responsible for the antiobesity effect of young barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf extract
Authors: Kato Eisuke , Tsuruma Ai , Amishima Ayaka , Satoh Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Young barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) have various health effects and are employed as an ingredient in the production of health-promoting foods. Promoting antiobesity is one such health effect; however, the mechanism and bioactive compounds are unclear. In this research, young barley leaf extract (YB) was demonstrated to possess pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The addition of YB to a high-fat diet in mice increased fecal lipid content, indicating reduced absorption of lipids as the mechanism underlying antiobesity effect. The investigation of bioactive compounds in YB resulted in the identification of fructose–bisphosphate aldolase as a proteinous lipase inhibitor. Maximum inhibition of the protein was 45%, but inhibition was displayed at a concentration as low as 16 ng/mL, which is a characteristic inhibition compared with other reported proteinous lipase inhibitors.