bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pruebas diagnósticas: Fundamentos de los estudios diagnósticos, evaluación de la validez e interpretación clínica de sus resultados
Authors: Torregroza-Diazgranados Eduardo de Jesus 
Published: March 2021

El propósito de esta publicación es la de describir los fundamentos de los estudios diagnósticos, la de proporcionar elementos de juicio para valorar la validez, puntualizar sobre las medidas de utilidad o rendimiento de las mismas y resaltar la importancia de los estudios diagnósticos en la práctica clínica usual.
Dentro de los fundamentos de las pruebas diagnósticas se explican los principios básicos sobre las pruebas diagnósticas, la estructura de estas y se detalla cómo se analizan los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica de interés y los resultados de la prueba diagnóstica de referencia.
Se evalúa la validez de una prueba diagnóstica examinando tres criterios importantes que sustentan la solidez metodológica de este tipo de estudio: Representatividad, Constatación y Determinación.
Por otro lado, se estudia el primer tipo de medidas de rendimiento de una prueba diagnóstica: Medidas de probabilidad (sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo).
Cuando los resultados de una prueba diagnóstica son expresados en una escala cuantitativa continua es necesario escoger “el mejor punto de corte” que se corresponda con una alta sensibilidad y especificidad, para así distinguir los enfermos de los sanos. Con este fin, podemos utilizar las propiedades de la curva COR (acrónimo de Característica Operativa del Receptor) para elegir el mejor punto de corte. En la presente publicación se describe y pormenoriza la construcción de la curva COR y se puntualiza sobre la mejor manera de analizarla y sacarle provecho.
Por último, se ilustra cómo un estudio diagnóstico cambia el paradigma de manejo de una enfermedad.
Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes with Triazole Based Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study
Authors: Sharma Bharat Prasad , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Marasini Bishnu Prasad , Shrestha Sabita , Sharma Motee Lal 
Published: March 2021

Schiff bases have been synthesized by the reaction of triazole containing primary amine with aromatic carbonyl compounds. The Schiff bases prepared, act as ligand when these are made in contact with oxovanadium (VO2+) ion. Some new mononuclear oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base ligands with vanadyl sulphate (VOSO4.xH2O) and the complexes are analyzed by different spectroscopic methods; [fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis.), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)], X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, elemental analysis, and conductivity measurement. The complexes have been well characterized based on analytical data. The electrolytic nature of the complexes was determined based on the molar conductance values. The powder XRD pattern has been used to determine crystal size and type. The synthesized Schiff base ligands and oxovanadium(IV) complexes were found to be stable in air and moisture at room temperature. On the basis of the physicochemical data, the tentative geometry of the complexes has been proposed. Antibacterial sensitivity of the ligand and its metal complexes have been assayed in vitro against bacterial pathogens viz. growth inhibitory activity of ligands and complexes against pathogens has also been determined.
Utilization of Charred Water Hyacinth (Jalkumvi) as Biosorbent for Removal of Ca(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Bhujel Arun , Wagle Krishna , Regmi Bishow , Sapkota Bibek , Poudel Bhoj Raj , Gautam Surendra K 
Published: March 2021

A promising adsorbent, charred water hyacinth (CWH) for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution was explored by heat treatment of water hyacinth followed by chemical activation with acidified zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption techniques were conducted for Ca(II) adsorption to assess the adsorption isotherm, effect of pH, contact time, initial Ca(II) concentration, adsorbent doses, and adsorption kinetics. The SEM micrograph illustrates the rough and irregular surface morphology and EDX spectra confirm the successful adsorption of Ca(II) on the adsorbent surface. The equilibrium adsorption data better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model having a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 319.75 mg/g. The highest percentage of adsorption was found at pH 1.5. The adsorption of Ca(II) by CWH decreased at the higher metal concentration and lower adsorbent doses. The adsorption of Ca(II) ions onto CWH followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. . Overall, these results suggested that the as-prepared CWH can be used as an eco-friendly, economical and efficient alternative for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution.
Phytoconstituents and Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum armatum Fruit Extract
Authors: Pathak Ishwor , Rokaha Shusma , Bajracharya Kiran Bahadur 
Published: March 2021

The essential oil and methanol extract of the fruit of Zanthoxylum armatum DC were extracted by hydro-distillation in the Clevenger apparatus and cold percolation technique respectively and their chemical and biological studies were performed. The chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. The most abundant ingredient was Linalool (75.31%) followed by E-methyl cinnamate (11.73%) and limonene (9.45%). The nature of the functional groups present in the extract was analyzed by performing FTIR analysis. The methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, terpenoids, volatile oils, tannins, and saponins. Biological activities of the oil and extract were evaluated by performing brine shrimp bioassay, antibacterial activity test, and antifungal activity test. Essential oil (LC50 = 76.70 µg/mL) and methanol extract (LC50 = 62.25 µg/mL) were found highly cytotoxic against brine-shrimp nauplii. The essential oil showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus leutus, and Staphylococcus aureus with the zone of inhibitions 11 mm, 16 mm, and 17 mm respectively and moderate antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the zone of inhibitions 9 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm respectively. The methanol extract was found to be effective against gram-positive bacteria only. Both oil and extract showed moderate antifungal activity against bacterial strains.
Faith and Disbelief of Friedrich Nietzsche
Authors: Иванов Михаил Степанович 
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируются феномены веры и неверия в миросозерцании знаменитого немецкого философа Фридриха Ницше. При этом отмечается, что их специфика обнаруживает себя на фоне тотального пессимизма всего творчества философа, доходящего до того, что автором отрицается не только Бог, религиозная вера, но и все вообще формы мировоззрения и даже существование самой истины, а его вера в сверхчеловека оказывается абсолютно утопической, ибо своё основание она находит в культе силы по ту сторону добра и зла. Внимание читателя статьи обращается также на то, что Ницше при всех неоспоримых достоинствах его литературного стиля в своих суждениях и выводах не всегда последователен, а иногда даже и противоречив. Печальный религиозно-философский опыт, в котором немецкий философ хотя и пытался, по выражению Е. Трубецкого, «осмыслить свой атеизм», сделал тем не менее из Ницше «бесприютного скитальца мысли».
The article analyzes the phenomena of faith and disbelief in the worldview of the famous German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. At the same time, it is noted that their specificity reveals itself against the background of total pessimism of all the creativity of the philosopher, reaching the point that the author denies not only God, religious faith, but all forms of worldview and even the existence of the truth itself, and his faith in the Superman is absolutely utopian, because it finds its basis in the cult of power on the other side of good and evil. The attention of the reader is also drawn to the fact that Nietzsche, despite all the undeniable advantages of his literary style in his judgments and conclusions, is not always consistent, and sometimes even contradictory. The sad religious and philosophical experience in which the German philosopher though tried, in E. Trubetskoy’s expression, «to comprehend the atheism», made nevertheless of Nietzsche «the homeless wanderer of thought».
IMPLEMENTASI NASKAH AKADEMIK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 15 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENYERTAAN MODAL PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA KEPADA PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Syuhada Otong , Ariyanti Nita 
Published: March 2021

Tahap perencanaan merupakan tahap pertama yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan pembentukan peraturan daerah yang baik. Salah satu kegiatan perencanaan pembentukan peraturan daerah adalah penyusunan naskah akademik. Melalui kajian dan penyusunan naskah akademik diharapkan peraturan daerah yang dibentuk dapat memenuhi pencapaian tujuan pembentukan, dapat dilaksanakan dan ditegakan. Namun dalam pembentukan Pearaturan Daerah Kabupaten Majalengka Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Kabupaten Majalengka Kepada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Majalengka tidak disertai naskah akademik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pembentukan peraturan daerah dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tidak adanya naskah akademik dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Berbagai teori yang dipakai untuk mengkaji penelitian ini adalah teori negara hukum, teori hukum murni, teori otonomi daerah, teori pembagian kekuasaan, teori legislasi, teori produk hukum daerah dan teori naskah akademik.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif karena dalam pelaksanaannya meliputi data, analisis dan interprestasi tentang arti dan data yang diperoleh. Penelitian deskriptif merupakan penelitian yang berusaha mengdePenelitiankan dan menginterprestasikan sesuatu, misalnya kondisi atau hubungan yang ada, pendapat yang berkembang, proses yang sedang berlangsung, akibat atau efek yang terjadi, atau tentang kecenderungan yang sedang berlangsung.
Hasil penelitian Penulis menunjukan bahwa Peraturan Daerah Nomor 15 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Kabupaten Majalengka Kepada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Kabupaten Majalengka dibentuk diluar prolegda Kabupaten Majalengka dan mengalami cacat prosedur atau tidak sesuai dengan sistem hukum nasional karena dalam pembentukannya tidak disertai naskah akademik. Hal ini merupakan kemunduran dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN TUGAS KEPROFESIONALANNYA DIKAITKAN DENGAN PUNISHMENT DALAM MENDISIPLINKAN SISWA
Authors: Sudibyo Ateng , Kiyamudin Eki 
Published: March 2021

Tindakan hukuman disiplin yang dilakukan oleh guru, yang pada waktu dulu dianggap biasa-biasa saja, kini telah bergeser dan dinilai melanggar HAM. Akibatnya, guru seperti menghadapi dilema, di satu sisi guru harus menegakkan disiplin dan tata tertib sekolah, sementara disisi lain, khawatir dikriminalisasi oleh orang tua atau LSM pembela anak atas tuduhan melakukan kekerasan terhadap anak. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi perlindungan hukum terhadap guru dalam memberikan punishment untuk mendisiplinkan Siswanya. Untuk merumuskan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap guru dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalannya di masa yang akan datang.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tertier sebagai data utama. Setelah data sekunder dan primer terkumpul, kemudian diadakan analisis secara kualitatif
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, disimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen secara tegas telah melindungi profesi guru dan dosen, namun dalam tataran implementasi kekuatan undang-undang tersebut masih belum terlihat berkontribusi terhadap nasib guru sebagai tenaga pendidik. Tindakan yang dilakukan guru untuk mendisiplikan murid dalam batasan-batasan tertentu dan dipandang mempunyai tujuan yang baik oleh semua orang, dapat mengesampingkan sanksi pidana. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi guru dalam melaksanakan tugas keprofesionalannya.
Prevalensi Cacing Fasciola Hepatica Pada Sapi Akseptor Program Upsus Siwab Di Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Zulkarnain Deki , Aku A Selamet , Rahmatullah Rahmatullah , Munadi Laode Muh 
Published: March 2021

UPSUS SIWAB adalah program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan populasi sapi melalui perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan dan reproduksi ternak. Salah satu kendala dalam pencapaian program tersebut adalah infeksi penyakit. Infestasi parasit cacing dilaporkan mampu menurunkan produktivitas ternak seperti penurunan bobot badan, daya kerja, kualitas daging, kulit, jeroan, dan terhambatnya pertumbuhan pada sapi muda serta berpotensi sebagai penular penyakit pada manusia (agen zoonosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi cacing Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica) pada sapi akseptor program UPSUS SIWAB di Kabupaten Muna. Sebanyak 270 sampel feses sapi dikoleksi dari sembilan kecamatan menggunakan metode random sampling. Variabel yang diamati, yaitu jenis telur cacing yang menginfestasi sapi akseptor menggunakan metode natif dan pembesaran mikroskop 100x (10x10). Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan persamaan prevalensi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat prevalensi kejadian F. hepatica di Kabupaten Muna adalah 4,9%. Berdasarkan lokasinya, infestasi cacing F. hepatica dideteksi pada sapi akseptor yang tersebar di lima kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Parigi (0,74% ; 2/270), Lasapela (0,37% ; 1/270), Kabawo (2,59% ; 7/270), Watopute (0,37% ; 1/270) dan Tangkuno Selatan (0,74% ; 2/270). Faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap variasi infeksi ini adalah sistem pemeliharaan ternak, keberadaan inang perantara dan tampungan air serta metode diagnose yang digunakan pada studi ini.
Evaluasi Aspek Teknis Pemeliharaan Kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) Menuju Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) di PT. Boncah Utama Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Arief Arief , Roza Elly , Oktaviona Bonica 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aspek teknis pemeliharaan kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) berdasarkan panduan Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) di PT. Boncah Utama Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Metode yang digunakan adalah survey dan observasi langsung di Usaha Peternakan kambing PE PT Boncah Utama dan analisis laboratorium. Sebaanyak 15 ekor kambing PE diberi perlakuan dengan menerapkan Good Milking Practices (GMiP). Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Peubah yang diamati adalah total plate count dan evaluasi aspek teknis pemeliharaan menggunakan kuisioner yang berpedoman pada pelaksanaan GDFP modifikasi dari metode FAO/IDF (2010) dan penghitungan kandungan total bakteri susu (Total Plate Count). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan GDFP di Peternakan Kambing PE PT Boncah Utama Kabupaten Tanah Datar sudah cukup baik dan analisis keragaman terhadap TPC menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap total plate count susu (P<0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah evaluasi GDFP di PT Bocah Utama sudah cukup baik dan sangat penting diterapkan untuk memastikan susu yang dihasilkan berkualitas dan memenuhi standar yang sudah ditetapkan.
BLOOD LOSS IN LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHRECTOMY -AN INITIAL EXPERIENCE IN IGMC, SHIMLA
Authors: Nagesh Bhartendu , Verma D.K , Jhobta R S , Sharma Sanjiv , Chand Mehar 
Published: March 2021

Background: Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been established as the standard of care for the management of benign non-functioning kidneys and has gained worldwide popularity over the past decade.
Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of General surgery, Indira Gandhi medical college, Shimla on 20 selected patients of benign non functional kidney admitted for elective Laparoscopic Nephrectomy between July 2018 to June 2019
Results: Less than 100 ml of blood was lost in 3(15%) of the patient. 100 to 200 ml was lost in 9(45%) and in 3(15%) patients 200 to 300 ml blood was lost and 5 (25%) had blood loss more than 300 ml. The mean blood loss in successful laparoscopic nephrectomy was 129 +123 ml and in lap converted to open was 435.7 + 174.9 ml. which is significantly less in successful lap nephrectomy which is statistically significant with a p-value of o.oo3
Conclusion: Mean blood loss in laparoscopic nephrectomy was 145 +144 ml and in converted cases, it was 350+200 ml. mean blood loss in hydronephrotic kidney was 145+ 144.2 ml in pyonephrotic kidney 325+ 318 in end stage nephrolithiasis 350+ 200 ml .There was more blood loss in ESRD and pyonephrotic kidney due to dense adhesion whereas blood loss is less in hydronephrotic kidney due to well maintained plane for dissection .
Keywords: Laparoscopy, Nephrectomy, Blood loss
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF PAPANICOLAOU AND ACETO-ORCEIN STAINS IN DEMONSTRATING BARR BODIES IN BUCCAL MUCOSAL SMEARS
Authors: Ram V Poojitha , Yelikar B R , K Anil Reddy 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Establishing one’s sexual identity has a critical role in medical conditions like ambiguous genitalia and in crime investigations. There are various investigations to determine the sexual identity of a person and Barr body evaluation in buccal smears forms the first line of investigation. Barr body estimation in buccal mucosal scrapes has been demonstrated by using different stains like Papanicolaou, Aceto-Orcein(AO), Feulgen, Guard, Cresyl violet, Carbol fuchsin and fluorescent staining methods, but with varying efficacy.
The current study is done to evaluate the efficacy of Papanicolaou and AO stains in demonstration of Barr bodies.
Materials and Methods: A total of 207 medical students were included in the study. Two buccal smears were collected from each student and subsequently, one was stained with Aceto-Orcein by squash technique and the other with Papanicolaou stain. Both slides were evaluated for percentage of Barr bodies using 1000x magnification and cytomorphological features in 400x.
Results: The percentage of Barr bodies in AO stained slides ranged from 5-18 among females and 0-8 in males, while with Papanicolaou stain the ranges recorded were 4 – 12 in females,
0 – 2 in males. The accuracy of AO and Papanicolaou stains for detecting sex accurately were 97% and 91% respectively. Evaluation of the buccal smears was better in AO stained smears because of the clean background and better cytoplasmic and nuclear contrast in comparison to PAP stain.
Conclusion: Aceto-Orcein staining method is rapid, economical, accurate, reproducible and comparable to Papanicolaou staining, for the detection of Barr body in buccal mucosal smears.
Keywords: Aceto-Orcein, Papanicolaou, Buccal smears, Barr body.
El Ingeniero en TIC y la Gobernanza Digital
Authors: Díaz Rincón H. , Navarrete Prieto J.A. 
Published: March 2021

Actualmente las empresas, instituciones gubernamentales organizaciones, profesionales y sociedad en general requieren soluciones efectivas para sus necesidades de información; los Ingenieros en el campo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) están preparados y son capaces de analizar y evaluar esas demandas e implementar las tecnologías de información y comunicación en forma estratégica e impulsar la gobernanza digital. Con base el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2013-2018, Estrategia Digital y MAAGTICSI se realizó un análisis para establecer las áreas de oportunidad que tendrá el Ingeniero en TIC dentro del modelo de Gobernanza Digital con base en el Plan de Estudios de la carrera en el Instituto Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla y su especialidad Gobernabilidad en TIC.
Currently companies, governmental institutions, professional organizations and society in general require effective solutions to their information needs; Engineers in the field of the information technology and communication (ICT) are prepared and are able to analyze and evaluate those demands and deploy the technologies of information and communication in a strategic way and promote digital governance. Based national development 2013-2018, Digital Strategy and MAAGTICSI was carried out an analysis to establish the areas of opportunity that engineer will have ICT within the Digital governance model based on the curriculum of the race at the Institute Technological of Tlalnepantla and his specialty in ICT governance.
Influence of compliance with protection measures to prevent contagion by Covid-19 during the first wave in the district of Barranca [Influencia del acatamiento de las medidas de protección para prevenir el contagio por Covid-19 durante la primera ola en el distrito de Barranca]
Authors: Cruz Nieto Dante , Rodriguez Espinoza Ronald , Guzmán Sánchez William , Ipanaqué Roña Juan , Ramos Pacheco Ronald , Natividad Huasupoma Delicias , Meyhuey Pala Patricia 
Published: March 2021

The objective is to determine how compliance with the protection measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus influences the district of Barranca. The markets and banks were evaluated during the months from March to October 2020, taking as a sample 100 randomly selected people. Compliance with protection measures in the markets occurred gradually, being the month of August where the use of masks was observed in 100%, and in October 95% use of alcohol, 65% use of visors and 58% distancing. In banks, the use of masks reached 100% as of June, in September the use of disinfectant alcohol was 100%, 71% in visors and in October 100% distancing was obtained. It was compared with the results issued by the Ministry of Health, reaching a maximum value of 738 positives in August and a maximum of 33 deaths in June. Despite the protection regulations being complied with, the number of infections increased. However, it is necessary to efficiently intensify protection and control measures in order to avoid a second wave of infections.
The Queen of Hearts: Exploring the process of creating queer art and its use in dietetic research and practice
Authors: Joy Phillip , Neith James Iain 
Published: March 2021

Body image issues for gay men can shape their overall health and wellbeing. The intent of this article is to explore the personal and creative process in translating research findings to art. The article first presents a brief overview of the research that explored how social and cultural norms constitute the beliefs, values, and practices of gay men concerning their eating, body image, and health. The research findings are translated through an art piece that is disruptive to the dominant ways of knowing about the body ideals set before gay men. An art piece that is, therefore, by definition queer art. The findings, and hence, the art are interpreted through the classic tale of Alice in Wonderland - a poststructural piece of literature. The article describes the considerations and processes used to create the art, including the central character, the colors, and the the symbolism of its various components. Implications of queer art to dietetic practice are discussed.