bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbitaria ephedricola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cucurbitaria ephedricola
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Georgia, Iran, and Ukraine) and hosts (
Ephedra distachya
,
Ephedra procera
, and
Ephedra
sp.).
Puccinia barbeyi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
P. barbeyi
. Information on dispersal and transmission, host plants (
Asphodelus albus, A. fistulosus, A. tenuifolius
and
A. viscidulus
), and geographical distribution (Egypt; Libya; Morocco; Canary Islands, Spain; Cyprus; Iran; Iraq; Israel; Pakistan; Saudi Arabia; Croatia; Greece; peninsular Italy; and peninsular and Balearic Islands, Spain) is included.
Puccinia citrina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
P. citrina
. Information on dispersal and transmission, geographical distribution (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Tibet and Yunnan, China; Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Indonesia; Japan; Philippines; South Korea; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; and Thailand), and host plants (
Heterosmilax gaudichaudiana, H. japonica, H. yunnanensis, Smilax china, S. glabra, S. glauco-china, S. leucophylla, S. pygmaea, S. sebeana
and
S. zeylanica
) is included.
Puccinia kalchbrenneriana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
P. kalchbrenneriana
. Information on dispersal and transmission, geographical distribution (Cape Province, South Africa), and host plants (presumably a parasite of
Drimia
species,
Ornithogalum
species, and
Urginea altissima
) is included.
Cucurbitaria rosae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cucurbitaria rosae
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (New Mexico, New York and Utah), Republic of Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Romania and Ukraine) and hosts (
Rosa canina, Rosa
sp.,
Spiraea hypericifolia
and
Spiraea
sp.).
Gnomonia rostellata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Gnomonia rostellata
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Ontario), USA (California, North Carolina, Oregon), Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK and former Yugoslavia), hosts (
Fragaria
sp.,
Rosa rugosa, Rosa
sp.,
Rubus allegheniensis, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus idaeus
subsp.
sachalinensis
,
Rubus laciniatus, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus villosus
and
Rubus
sp.) and associated fungi (
Lophiostoma fuckelii, Otthia spiraeae
and
Mollisia rosae
).
Rebentischia unicaudata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Hayova V. P. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rebentischia unicaudata
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Illinois, Massachusetts), Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Russia (Pskov oblast), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine and UK), hosts (
Acer pseudoplatanus, Ailanthus altissima, Berberis
sp.,
Clematis vitalba, Clematis
sp.,
Corylus
sp.,
Juniperus oxycedrus, Juniperus
sp.,
Populus lasiocarpa, Ribes alpinum, Robinia
sp.,
Rosa canina, Rubus
sp.,
Salix fragilis, Sambucus nigra, Sambucus
sp. and
Ulmus laevis
) and associated fungi (
Eutypella stellulata
and
Massariosphaeria typhicola
).
Lophiotrema vagabundum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma vagabundum
, which is considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead plant tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada, British Columbia), USA (Georgia, New Jersey, Oklahoma), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, UK)).
L. vagabundum
as currently circumscribed is a plurivorous species, associated almost exclusively with dead herbaceous stems of species belonging to Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Cornaceae, Geraniaceae, Gunneraceae, Hypericaceae, Iridaceae, Juncaceae, Lamiaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Salicaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Urticaceae.
Lophiostoma arundinis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma arundinis
, a species considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead culm tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Georgia, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Carolina), Asia (Japan, Pakistan and Thailand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UK)). The primary host species is a major component of freshwater and brackish water aquatic ecosystems worldwide. It frequently forms extensive stands, and plays an important role in phytoremediation via nitrate and phosphorus absorption.
Lophiostoma fuckelii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma fuckelii
, which is considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead plant tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Portugal, South Africa), Central America (Costa Rica), North America (Canada, British Columbia), USA (California, New Jersey), Asia (China, Hong Kong, India, Maharashtra, Japan, Taiwan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Oceania (USA, Hawaii)).
L. fuckelii
as currently circumscribed is most typically found erumpent from dead stems of
Rubus fruticosus
, but has been reported from a range of other herbaceous and woody substrata including both leaf and woody tissues. The species can also occur as a secondary invader in leaves, with occurrences in old fruit bodies of biotrophic fungi.
Lophiostoma macrostomum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Lophiostoma macrostomum
, which is considered to be a saprobic fungus, colonizing dead plant tissues. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Portugal, Malawi), North America (Canada, Ontario), USA (New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania), South America (Argentina, Venezuela), Asia (China, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, India, Madhya Pradesh, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Singapore), Australasia (Australia, Queensland), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greenland, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
L. macrostomum
as currently circumscribed is a plurivorous species, mainly of wood and bark and less frequently of herbaceous stems.
Platychora ulmi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Platychora ulmi
, parasitic on leaves of
Ulmus
spp. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA), Asia (Iran, Turkey), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Podosphaera dipsacacearum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Podosphaera dipsacacearum
, a terrestrial fungus, obligately parasitic on species of the Dipsacaceae, but not causing a serious disease resulting in death of the plant. Some information on its substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Washington)), Asia (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia (Rostovskaya oblast), Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia)). Since
Dipsacus
species are sometimes regarded as invasives, there may be potential to use
P. dipsacacearum
as part of an integrated biological control programme.
Tapesia evilescens
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Tapesia evilescens
, a saprobe on dead stems of grasses, particularly the common reed (
Phragmites australis
). Some information on its substrata, habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Finland, Netherlands, Ukraine, UK)).
Dendryphion comosum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Dendryphion comosum
, a saprobe, almost always on herbaceous stems, predominantly of
Urtica
and some members of the Apiaceae, with occasional observations on other herbs and on dead woody material. Some information on its substrata, habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi), Central America (Costa Rica), North America (Canada (British Columbia), Mexico, USA (Florida)), South America (Brazil (Sao Paulo)), Asia (China, Georgia, India (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu), Iran, Taiwan), Australasia (Australia (Queensland), New Zealand), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Belgium, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Erysiphe circaeae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erysiphe circaeae
, a terrestrial fungus, obligately biotrophic on species of
Circaea
, but not causing a serious disease resulting in death of the plant. Some information on its substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (California)), Asia (Armenia, Georgia, Iran), Australasia (Australia), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Terfezia claveryi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Terfezia claveryi
, which forms mycorrhizas with a range of flowering plants. Some information on its substrata, habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan), Atlantic Ocean (Spain (Islas Canarias)), Europe (Italy (mainland and Sardinia), Portugal, Spain)).
Tirmania pinoyi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Tirmania pinoyi
, which forms mycorrhizas with a range of flowering plants. Some information on its substrata, habitats, economic impacts, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Asia (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen), Atlantic Ocean (Spain (Islas Canarias))).
Anthostomella scotina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Anthostomella scotina
. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria), Asia (India, Uttar Pradesh), Europe (Belgium, France, Italy, UK), North America (USA, California), South America (Argentina, Chile)) and habitats. Some members of
Anthostomella
are endobionts for part of their life cycle, but for the present species the time of substratum colonization and nutritional relations with the associated plants (including
Scirpus lacustris
) have not been established.
Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Brachydesmiella eugecapiellana
, a saprobe on dead and decaying leaves, sometimes submerged, of
Nectandra
sp. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela)).
Hughesinia heterospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hughesinia heterospora
, which is only known from decaying bark. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Mexico)) and associated organisms (Plantae).
Polyschema amoenum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Polyschema amoenum
, which is known only from the twig of an unknown plant. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Brazil and Venezuela) and associated organism (Plantae).
Helminthosphaeria stuppea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Helminthosphaeria stuppea
, which is apparently saprobic and able to colonize woody parts of a wide range of plants. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, habitats, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (California, Colorado, Utah and Washington)), Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France and UK)) and hosts (including
Tsuga mertensiana
). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Ulocladium dauci
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Castañeda Ruíz R. F. , Zhang X. G. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ulocladium dauci
, which has been recorded as an endobiont of fruit and seed. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Washington)) and Europe (Portugal)) and hosts (
Avena fatua, Daucus carota
and
Olea europaea
).
Anthostomella phaeosticta
.
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Anthostomella phaeosticta
, which is most frequently found on dead leaves of grasses typical of coastal sand ecosystem; it has also been found on dead leaves of other monocot genera, again usually in coastal ecosystems. Some information on its habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada, USA (Florida, Texas)), South America (Argentina, Chile), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Switzerland, UK), Pacific Ocean (USA (Hawaii))).
Hypocreopsis rhododendri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hypocreopsis rhododendri
, which is considered to be a superficial parasite of
Hymenochaetopsis corrugata
(as
Hymenochaete corrugata
and
Pseudochaete corrugata
), itself a broad-spectrum wood-rotting species most typically found associated with
Corylus avellana
(hence 'hazel gloves', the vernacular English name of
Hypocreopsis rhododendri
). Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Maine, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia)), Europe (France, Ireland, Russia (Moscow Oblast), Spain, UK)).
Pronectria anisospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pronectria anisospora
. Some information on its habitat, dispersal and transmission, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, New York)), Asia (Iraq), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Krasnodar Krai, Leningrad Oblast, Republic of Karelia), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)). No evaluation has been made of any possible positive economic impact of this fungus (e.g. as a recycler, as a source of useful products, as a provider of checks and balances within its ecosystem, etc.). Also, no reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Paratrichophaea boudieri
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. , Cannon P. F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Paratrichophaea boudieri
, found on dung of of Przewalski's horse (
Equus ferus
F.
przewalskii
). Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco), North America (Canada (Alberta)), Mexico, USA (California, Idaho, Michigan, Wyoming)), Asia (Israel), Atlantic Ocean (Spain (Canary Islands), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Tula Oblast), Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).
Claviceps purpurea
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Claviceps purpurea
(Fr.). Tul. Hosts: Rye (Seale cereale), other cereals and Gramineae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Algeria, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, ASIA, China, India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madras, Mysore), Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Turkey, USSR (Siberia), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain and Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Faroes, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (general), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (general), Mexico, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Colombia, Peru, Tristan da Cunha, Uruguay.
Urocystis cepulae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Urocystis cepulae
Frost. Hosts: Onion (Allium cepa) and other Allium spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Egypt, Gabon, Morocco (Rieuf), ASIA, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan (Fujioka), Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (S. ; New South Wales), New Zealand, EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Britain and Northern Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (Sorauer), Denmark (Lind, Danish Fungi), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA AND WEST INDIES, Cuba, Puerto Rico (Zundel), St. Lucia, SOUTH AMERICA, Chile, Peru.
Sugarcane Fiji disease virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Sugarcane Fiji disease virus
Kunkel. Hosts: Sugarcane (
Saccharum
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Malagasy, Republic ASIA, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Fiji, New Britain, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Mycosphaerella linicola
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Mycosphaerella linicola
Naumov. Hosts: Flax (Linum usitatissimum) and other Linum spp. 0012-396X. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, ASIA, China, Turkey, USSR (Russian Far East), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Britain (Scotland), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario), (Alberta, Saskatchewan), Mexico, USA (Arizona, California, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnisota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin), SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Buenos Aires, La Plata), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Peru, Uruguay.
Banana bunchy top virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: UK, CAB International  
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A new distribution map is provided for
Banana bunchy top virus
Magee. Hosts: Musa spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Egypt, Zaire, ASIA, Bangladesh, Hong, Kong, India (Kerala, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Assam) Peninsular Malaysia(Sabah), Ogasawara, Gunto (Bonin Island), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales, Queensland), Ellice Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Mariana Islands, New Britain, New Caledonia, Western Samoa, American Samoa, Tonga, Wallis Island.