bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of the cachexia index in patients with small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Go Se-Il , Park Mi Jung , Lee Gyeong-Won 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Cancer cachexia worsens the treatment outcomes of patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, no reliable biomarker of cancer cachexia is yet known.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated SCLC patients who received induction chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The cachexia index (CXI) was calculated as the skeletal muscle index × serum albumin level (g/dL)/the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Male and female cutoffs were defined based on a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, and all patients divided into low- and high-CXI groups.Results: Of 302 patients, 94 and 208 had low and high CXI values, respectively. Only one patient (1.1%) in the low-CXI group achieved a complete response (CR), whereas 35 of 208 patients (16.8%) in the high-CXI group achieved CRs (p < 0.001). More low-CXI patients (compared to the high-CXI patients) required early discontinuation of treatment because of treatment-related toxicity (20.2% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.001) and experienced treatment-related mortality (8.5% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.031). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly poorer in the low-CXI group than in the high-CXI group (5.8 vs. 6.9 months and 8.3 vs. 15.6 months, respectively, both p < 0.001). These differences did not vary according to cancer stage. On multivariate analysis, a low-CXI status was an independent poor prognostic factor for both PFS and OS.Conclusion: A low CXI was associated with treatment intolerance, a poor treatment response rate, and a poor prognosis of SCLC.
Conditioning of raw sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge by ferric salt and cationic polyacrylamide: rheological analysis
Authors: Duan Liqiang , Zhou Zhen , Dai Xiaohu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the conditioning effect of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with different charge densities on raw sludge (RS) and thermo-hydrolyzed sludge (HS) pretreated with or without ferric salt is studied through orthogonal experiments. In addition, this paper uses the principles of rheology and morphology to analyze and clarify the conditioning mechanism of RS and HS, and reveals the mechanism of thermal hydrolysis to improve the dewatering performance of sludge. Compared with the RS, the HS has smaller particle size, better filterability, stronger fluidity and more obvious thixotropy. However, due to the influence of filter pressing time, ferric salt should be added before conditioning. The orthogonal experiment shows that the optimal conditioner is CPAM with charge density of 60, and the specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time of the adjusted thermo-hydrolyzed sludge are reduced to (1.11 ± 0.07) × 1012 m/kg and 16.1 ± 1.8 s; the particle size increased from 61.2 to 253.5 μm. The moisture content of the sludge cake is about 48%. The structural strength and thixotropy of HS are higher than those of the RS, and can be greatly improved by adding ferric salt. Morphological analysis confirms that thermal hydrolysis can lyse microbial cells in sludge, and the sludge treated with ferric salt will have more porous structure and stronger flocculation strength.
Potential low-cost carbon-based adsorbent from gold mine tailings for anionic dye removal
Authors: Erturk Suheyl , Sari Yilmaz Muge , Piskin Sabriye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was successfully synthesized using mesoporous silica (SBA-15) prepared from gold mine tailings (sample CGMT) for removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution. For comparison, CMK-3 was prepared by the same method from pure silica (sample CT), and the other CMK-3 sample was prepared by a one-pot route mixing with Pluronic P123 (sample CP). The effect of the carbonization time on the synthesis of all CMK-3 samples was investigated, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption–desorption. The sample with the highest surface area was chosen as an adsorbent, for each CMK-3 obtained from different methods. Batch adsorption experiments were studied to determine the influence of pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model. All carbon-based adsorbents were observed to be quite effective for the removal of dye with adsorption percentage in the order of CP &gt; CT &gt; CGMT. The maximum adsorption capacities were 188.99 and 204.57 mg·g−1 for CT and CGMT, respectively. The comparative results of all carbon-based adsorbents show that CGMT can be applied as a low-cost alternative to CT for dye removal.
Clinical and Quality of Life Differences in Patients with COPD With and Without a Background of Hospitalization in the Last Year
Authors: Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan , Ávila-Valencia Juan Carlos , Assis Jorge Karim , Escobar-Vidal David Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth leading
cause of death worldwide. An upward trend is estimated by 2030. One of the causes of mortality is
the exacerbations of symptoms that result in hospitalizations. These hospitalizations reduce the
quality of life, limit performance in daily life, and increase the costs for the health system and the
patient.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the differences between hospitalized and non-hospitalized
patients with a medical diagnosis of COPD, considering some sociodemographic and clinical
variables, and survival rates.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients diagnosed with COPD
who initiated pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) from January to September 2018. The patients were divided
into two groups: patients with one or more exacerbations that led to the hospitalization
(COPD-H) and patients without hospitalizations in the last year (COPD-NH).

Results:
There were 128 participants (78 males and 50 females), with a mean age of 71.10±(9.34)
in the COPD-H group and 71.30±(8.91) in the COPD-NH group. When comparing both groups,
COPD-NH had a higher socioeconomic status (p=0.041), reporting a higher FEV1 44.71± (14.97),
p=0.047, and comorbidities according to the COTE index (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
The patients with the highest number of hospitalizations belonged to a lower socioeconomic
stratum and had a higher number of comorbidities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify these
factors at the beginning of PR.
An Integrated In Silico Approach to Develop Epitope-Based Peptide
Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Srivastava Prachi , Garg Prekshi , Srivastava Neha 
Published: February 2021

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 has been the talk of the town ever since the beginning of 2020. Every country is trying all possible steps to combat the disease ranging from shutting the complete economy of the country to the repurposing of drugs and vaccine development. The rapid data analysis and widespread tools have made bioinformatics capable of giving new insights to deal with the current scenario more efficiently through an emerging field, Vaccinomics.

Objective:
The present in-silico study was attempted to identify peptide fragments from spike surface glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 that can be efficiently used for the development of an epitope-based vaccine designing approach.

Methodology:
The epitopes of B and T-cell are predicted using integrated computational tools. VaxiJen server, NetCTL, and IEDB tools were used to study, analyze, and predict potent T-cell epitopes, its subsequent MHC-I interactions, and B-cell epitopes. The 3D structure prediction of peptides and MHC-I alleles (HLA-C*03:03) was further done using AutoDock4.0.

Result:
Based on result interpretation, the peptide sequence from 1138-1145 amino acid and sequence WTAGAAAYY and YDPLQPEL were obtained as potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes respectively.

Conclusion:
The peptide sequence WTAGAAAYY and the amino acid sequence from 1138-1145 of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be used as a probable B-cell epitope candidate. Also, the amino acid sequence YDPLQPEL can be used as a potent T-cell epitope. This in-silico study will help us to identify novel epitope-based peptide vaccine targets in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Further, the in-vitro and in-vivo study needed to validate the findings.
Association of Perceived Threat, Negative Emotions, and Self-Efficacy With Mental Health and Personal Protective Behavior Among Chinese Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Mo Phoenix Kit Han , Fong Vivian Wai In , Song Bo , Di Jiangli , Wang Qian , Wang Linhong 
Published: February 2021

Background
COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has created health care challenges worldwide. Pregnant women are particularly affected by this disease.

Objective
The aims of this study are to assess the levels of perceived threat (susceptibility, severity, impact), negative emotions (fear, worry), and self-efficacy of pregnant women in China related to COVID-19 and to examine their associations with mental health (depression and anxiety) and personal protective behavior (wearing a face mask).

Methods
A total of 4087 pregnant women from China completed a cross-sectional web-based survey between March 3 and 10, 2020.

Results
The prevalence of probable depression and anxiety was 48.7% (1989/4087) and 33.0% (1347/4087), respectively; 23.8% participants (974/4087) reported always wearing a face mask when going out. Of the 4087 participants, 32.1% (1313) and 36.4% (1490) perceived themselves or their family members to be susceptible to COVID-19 infection, respectively; 3216-3518 (78.7%-86.1%) agreed the disease would have various severe consequences. Additionally, 2275 of the 4087 participants (55.7%) showed self-efficacy in protecting themselves from contracting COVID-19, and 2232 (54.6%) showed efficacy in protecting their family members; 1303 (31.9%) reported a high level of fear of the disease, and 2780-3056 (68.0%-74.8%) expressed worry about various aspects of COVID-19. The results of the multivariate multinominal logistic regression analyses showed that perceived severity, perceived impact, fear, and worry were risk factors for probable depression and anxiety, while self-efficacy was a protective factor. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that perceived susceptibility was associated with always wearing a face mask.

Conclusions
Chinese pregnant women showed high levels of mental distress but low levels of personal protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions are needed to promote the mental health and health behavior of pregnant women during the pandemic.
An Intervention for the Transition From Pediatric or Adolescent to Adult-Oriented HIV Care: Protocol for the Development and Pilot Implementation of iTransition
Authors: Tanner Amanda E , Dowshen Nadia , Philbin Morgan M , Rulison Kelly L , Camacho-Gonzalez Andres , Lee Susan , Moore Shamia J , Fortenberry J Dennis , Hussen Sophia A 
Published: February 2021

Background
In the United States, adolescents and young adults are disproportionately affected by HIV and have poorer HIV-related health outcomes than adults. Health care transition (HCT) from pediatric or adolescent to adult-oriented HIV care is associated with disruptions to youths’ care retention, medication adherence, and viral suppression. However, no evidence-based interventions exist to improve HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV.

Objective
There are 2 phases of this project. Phase 1 involves the iterative development and usability testing of a Social Cognitive Theory–based mobile health (mHealth) HIV HCT intervention (iTransition). In phase 2, we will conduct a pilot implementation trial to assess iTransition’s feasibility and acceptability and to establish preliminary efficacy among youth and provider participants.

Methods
The iterative phase 1 development process will involve in-person and virtual meetings and a design team comprising youth living with HIV and health care providers. The design team will both inform the content and provide feedback on the look, feel, and process of the iTransition intervention. In phase 2, we will recruit 100 transition-eligible youth across two clinical sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to participate in the historical control group (n=50; data collection only) or the intervention group (n=50) in a pilot implementation trial. We will also recruit 28 provider participants across the pediatric or adolescent and adult clinics at the two sites. Data collection will include electronic medical chart abstraction for clinical outcomes as well as surveys and interviews related to demographic and behavioral characteristics; Social Cognitive Theory constructs; and intervention feasibility, acceptability, and use. Analyses will compare historical control and intervention groups in terms of HCT outcomes, including adult care linkage (primary), care retention, and viral suppression (secondary). Interview data will be analyzed using content analysis to understand the experience with use and acceptability.

Results
Phase 1 (development) of iTransition research activities began in November 2019 and is ongoing. The data collection for the phase 2 pilot implementation trial is expected to be completed in January 2023. Final results are anticipated in summer 2023.

Conclusions
The development and pilot implementation trial of the iTransition intervention will fill an important gap in understanding the role of mHealth interventions to support HCT outcomes for youth living with HIV.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24565
Use of a Smartphone Platform to Help With Emergency Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Observational Study
Authors: Wu Yiqun , Chen Fei , Song Haiqing , Feng Wuwei , Sun Jinping , Liu Ruisen , Li Dongmei , Liu Ying 
Published: February 2021

Background
To improve the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), timely thrombolytic therapy is crucial. Series strategies were recommended to reduce door-to-needle (DTN) time for AIS. Mobile technologies are feasible and have been used in stroke management for various purposes. However, the use of smartphone platforms that integrate series strategies through the entire first aid process to improve emergency management of AIS remains to be verified.

Objective
This study aims to describe the utility and application of a smartphone platform in the emergency management of AIS and report the DTN time for patients with AIS during its 2-year application period. Our results are relevant to digital health management.

Methods
A smartphone platform named “Green” was developed to incorporate the field assessment, hospital recommendation, prehospital notification, real-time communication, clinical records creation, key time-stamping, and quality control to streamline and standardize overall AIS emergency management processes. The emergency medical system (EMS) and all the emergency departments in Beijing have used this platform since 2018. From January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, 8457 patients diagnosed with AIS received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator therapy. The median DTN time and the proportions of patients with DTN times of ≤60 minutes and ≤45 minutes were reported.

Results
During the 2-year application period of this platform, the median DTN time was 45 minutes, and the proportions of patients with DTN times of ≤60 minutes and ≤45 minutes were 74.6% and 50.5%, respectively. The median DTN time was significantly reduced from 50 minutes in 2018 to 42 minutes in 2019 (P<.001). The proportions of patients with DTN times of ≤60 minutes and ≤45 minutes increased from 66.1% and 40.7%, respectively, in 2018 to 80.7% and 57.3%, respectively, in 2019 (both P<.001). Sustained improvement in DTN time was seen during all the observed months. The improvement occurred across all facilities, and the variations among hospitals also decreased. The median DTN time for patients transferred by ambulances (43 minutes) was significantly shorter than those who reached hospitals by themselves (47 minutes; P<.001).

Conclusions
Sustained reductions in DTN time reflected the improvement in AIS emergency management processes. The use of a smartphone platform integrating recommended strategies throughout all first aid stages is a practical way to help the emergency management of AIS.
Kendali Arah pada Brain Computer Interface Berbasis Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials
Authors: Maji Jaler Sekar , Atmaji Catur 
Published: February 2021

Various studies regarding to Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) system with Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal has developed as BCI implementation on directional control, however lackness found on those studies which are long time on classification duration, to many electrode channels used and the electrode channels located on special area. This study we developed the SSVEP based BCI system with one second classification duration, four active channels used and electrode channels located based on The International 10-20 System. Stimulus used are red colored object with 11 Hz frequency rate represents as left directional control class, blue colored object with 13 Hz frequency rate represents as right directional control class and white colored background represents as relax class. Filter bank with eight frequency range (11 Hz, 22 Hz, 33 Hz, 13 Hz, 26 Hz, 39 Hz, 12-29 Hz dan 30-50 Hz) followed by Root Mean Square (RMS) used as feature extraction for every second of data. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classification and 5-Fold Cross Validation are used to knowing the performance of the developed system. Developed BCI system resulted accuracy 78,20% with True Positive Rate (TPR) 86,00% and False Discovery Rate (FDR) 23,21%.
Enhanced Active Filter for Single-Phase Controlled Rectifier Applications
Authors: Dethan Jacob , Abidin Abidin , Daniawan Benny , Rino Rino 
Published: February 2021

Active filter can be used to increase the performance of single-phase controlled rectifier by reducing the generated ripple and harmonic distortion. Active filter can also increase power factor and efficiency of thyristor. In this work, active filter was designed by using NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) compared with active filter created by utilizing NPN Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). The obtained efficiency of BJT based active filter with firing angles of 0° to 90° were 87.01% - 96.67%. Whereas, MOSFET based active filter produced comparable efficiency between 90.62% - 96.07%. It can be seen that MOSFET based active filter produced higher efficiency at firing angle of 0° which was 90.62% compared to BJT based active filter that has produced efficiency of 87.01% at the same firing angle. Both active filters obtained similar power factors within the range of 0.57 lagging – 0.92 lagging. It is expected that this work can be useful for the design of active filters for various power electronics applications including the design of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission system.
Monitoring of opportunistic microflora in secondary respiratory infections of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Puzyreva L. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Rodkina L. A. , Zhitina I. V. , Timofeeva A. V. 
Published: February 2021

Objective: to evaluate the results of microbiological examination of sputum of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia clinic.Materials and methods. The analysis of microbiological results of sputum in 850 patients who were treated with pneumonia at the Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1 from 01.01.2012 to 01.01.2019.Results and its discussion. Gram-positive cocci were recorded in sputum in patients with HIV infection in 76,7±2,2% of cases. The growth of Staph. aureus noted in 20,1±2,0% of cases and was associated with the presence of sepsis and septic pneumonia. Staphylococcus epidermidis detected in sputum in 0,5±0,4% of HIV-positive patients with angiogenic sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in sputum in 2,3±0,8% of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Str. pneumoniae was detected in 2,6±0,8% of cases. A common ﬁnding in the study of sputum in patients with HIV infection were viridans group Streptococci (50,3±2,6%). Gram-negative aerobic non-spore-forming bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 5,2±1,1%, Enterococcus faecalis in 3,1±0,9% of conﬁrmed cases of pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumonia was conﬁrmed in 11,5±1,6% of patients. Microbial association was noted in 24,1±1,7% of isolates; associations in combination with Staph. aureus were more common in 54,5±4,1% of HIV-infected patients with the clinic of community-acquired pneumonia.Conclusion. In patients with HIV infection with lung damage, it is necessary to collect biological material for microbiological examination, which will affect the further tactics of patient management.
TIME TOKEN TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVITY AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: Susatyo Bambang - 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Time Token towards student’s learning activity and Communicative Competence in speaking English. This research uses Classroom Action Research procedures. The research consists of two cycles, each comprises four phases, namely planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The subject of the research is the students of SMK N 2 Temanggung semester 1 2019/2020. To get data, the writer uses Brown’s Scale of Test of Spoken English. While for students’ activities, the writer uses a set of observation sheet to observe the activity of the students in class. The research reveals that the uses of Time Token technique in English class has increased the students’ Learning activities from 68 % in Pre-cycle to 78% in cycle 1 and 80 % in cycle 2. The Communicative competence in speaking English has increased from 74 to 78 in cycle 1 and 81 in cycle 2Key words : Time Token, students’ activity and students’ communicative competence
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI KAWASAN PANTAI UTARA DESA DOMAS KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Sururi Ahmad , Hasanah Budi , Mulyasih Rahmi , Firdaus Indrianti Azhar , Hasuri Hasuri , Yuliani Hera 
Published: February 2021

AbstrakTujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberdayakan dan meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat desa tentang administrasi pengelolaan program; b).Meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat desa tentang sistem pemasaran terpadu; c).Mendorong peningkatan pemahaman kesadaran masyarakat terhadap KUKM. Output yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan kelembagaan KUKM sebagai instrumen ekonomi masyarakat yang dibentuk secara swadaya. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah Metode kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan adalah gabungan dari dua metode pemberdayaan masyarakat yaitu Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) atau penilaian desa secara partisipatif dan Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) atau proses belajar/praktik secara partisipatif. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berjalan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan, masyarakat memilki respon dan antusias terhadap pelatihan dan terciptanya derajat perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dengan besaran nilai 67,14 dan 62,50 atau berada pada kategori cukup.Kata kunci : kapasitas ekonomi, kelompok usaha kecil