bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive evaluation of antibody responses to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid in a nursing home cohort—Arkansas, June–August 2020
Authors: Brown Nicole E. , Lyons Amanda K. , Schuh Amy J. , Stumpf Megan M. , Harcourt Jennifer L. , Tamin Azaibi , Rasheed Mohammad Ata Ur , Mills Lisa , Lester Sandra N. , Thornburg Natalie J. , Nguyen Kenny , Costantini Veronica , Vinjé Jan , Huang Jennifer Y. , Gilbert Sarah E. , Gable Paige , Bollinger Susan , Sabour Sarah , Beshearse Elizabeth , Surie Diya , Biedron Caitlin , Gregory Christopher J. , Clemmons Nakia S. , Whitaker Brett , Coughlin Melissa M. , Seely Kathryn A. , Garner Kelley , Gulley Trent , Haney Tafarra , Kothari Atul , Patil Naveen , Halpin Alison Laufer , McDonald L. Clifford , Kutty Preeta K. , Brown Allison C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:To characterize and compare severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific immune responses in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from nursing home residents during and after natural infection.Design:Prospective cohort.Setting:Nursing home.Participants:SARS-CoV-2–infected nursing home residents.Methods:A convenience sample of 14 SARS-CoV-2–infected nursing home residents, enrolled 4–13 days after real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnosis, were followed for 42 days. After diagnosis, plasma SARS-CoV-2–specific pan-Immunoglobulin (Ig), IgG, IgA, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies were measured at 5 time points, and GCF SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG and IgA were measured at 4 time points.Results:All participants demonstrated immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 12 phlebotomized participants, plasma was positive for pan-Ig and IgG in all 12 participants. Neutralizing antibodies were positive in 11 participants; IgM was positive in 10 participants, and IgA was positive in 9 participants. Among 14 participants with GCF specimens, GCF was positive for IgG in 13 participants and for IgA in 12 participants. Immunoglobulin responses in plasma and GCF had similar kinetics; median times to peak antibody response were similar across specimen types (4 weeks for IgG; 3 weeks for IgA). Participants with pan-Ig, IgG, and IgA detected in plasma and GCF IgG remained positive throughout this evaluation, 46–55 days after diagnosis. All participants were viral-culture negative by the first detection of antibodies.Conclusions:Nursing home residents had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in plasma and GCF after infection. Kinetics of antibodies detected in GCF mirrored those from plasma. Noninvasive GCF may be useful for detecting and monitoring immunologic responses in populations unable or unwilling to be phlebotomized.
Southern blight of perennial swallowwort (Vincetoxicum spp.) in New York
Authors: Pethybridge Sarah J. , Murphy Sean , Sharma Sandeep , Biazzo Jeromy , Milbrath Lindsey R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPale swallowwort [Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.; syn.: Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi] and black swallowwort [Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench; syn.: Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi] are invasive perennial viny milkweeds that have become prevalent across natural and managed habitats in northeastern North America. Southern blight of V. rossicum caused by the fungus Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr. was reported at a New York county park in 2008, resulting in a decline in V. rossicum stands. The disease outbreak and persistence of the pathogen highlighted the potential of A. rolfsii for Vincetoxicum spp. control. To better characterize A. rolfsii’s pathogenicity and biology, we studied virulence to adult Vincetoxicum spp., spatiotemporal attributes of the Southern blight epidemic at the discovery site over 4 yr, and sclerotial survival over 2 yr. Disease incidence and severity were high for both Vincetoxicum spp. in misting chamber experiments. The spatiotemporal spread patterns of Southern blight in V. rossicum suggest the epidemic in the first year of monitoring (2016) was already highly aggregated and that subsequent spread was limited and resulted in significant local aggregation. Sclerotial survival studies at two locations (Pittsford and Ithaca, NY) demonstrated the A. rolfsii isolates can overwinter in upstate New York and are pathogenic to Vincetoxicum spp. the subsequent season. However, shallow burial of sclerotia more rapidly reduced survival compared with placement on the soil surface. Overwinter survival of A. rolfsii sclerotia in New York is notable, as this pathogen is typically associated with subtropical and tropical regions. Broadcast applications of the pathogen would be needed for widespread Vincetoxicum control at a site, but even restricting releases to select locations would not prevent pathogen movement off-site via water or machinery. The known risks of the A. rolfsii isolate to other broadleaf plants in natural and agricultural settings suggest a low feasibility of use for the biological control of Vincetoxicum spp.
Bounds on the mean and squared coefficient of variation of phase-type distributions
Authors: He Qi-Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe consider a class of phase-type distributions (PH-distributions), to be called the MMPP class of PH-distributions, and find bounds of their mean and squared coefficient of variation (SCV). As an application, we have shown that the SCV of the event-stationary inter-event time for Markov modulated Poisson processes (MMPPs) is greater than or equal to unity, which answers an open problem for MMPPs. The results are useful for selecting proper PH-distributions and counting processes in stochastic modeling.
Multitype branching process with non-homogeneous Poisson and contagious Poisson immigration
Authors: Rabehasaina Landy , Woo Jae-Kyung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a multitype branching process, it is assumed that immigrants arrive according to a non-homogeneous Poisson or a contagious Poisson process (both processes are formulated as a non-homogeneous birth process with an appropriate choice of transition intensities). We show that the normalized numbers of objects of the various types alive at time t for supercritical, critical, and subcritical cases jointly converge in distribution under those two different arrival processes. Furthermore, we provide some transient expectation results when there are only two types of particles.
Clustering in preferential attachment random graphs with edge-step
Authors: Alves Caio , Ribeiro Rodrigo , Sanchis Rémy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe prove concentration inequality results for geometric graph properties of an instance of the Cooper–Frieze [5] preferential attachment model withedge-steps. More precisely, we investigate a random graph model that at each time$t\in \mathbb{N}$, with probabilitypadds a new vertex to the graph (avertex-stepoccurs) or with probability$1-p$an edge connecting two existent vertices is added (anedge-stepoccurs). We prove concentration results for theglobal clustering coefficientas well as theclique number. More formally, we prove that the global clustering, with high probability, decays as$t^{-\gamma(p)}$for a positive function$\gamma$ofp, whereas the clique number of these graphs is, up to subpolynomially small factors, of order$t^{(1-p)/(2-p)}$.
General drawdown of general tax model in a time-homogeneous Markov framework
Authors: Avram Florin , Li Bin , Li Shu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDrawdown/regret times feature prominently in optimal stopping problems, in statistics (CUSUM procedure), and in mathematical finance (Russian options). Recently it was discovered that a first passage theory with more general drawdown times, which generalize classic ruin times, may be explicitly developed for spectrally negative Lévy processes [9, 20]. In this paper we further examine the general drawdown-related quantities in the (upward skip-free) time-homogeneous Markov process, and then in its (general) tax process by noticing the pathwise connection between general drawdown and the tax process.
Optimal allocation of relevations in coherent systems
Authors: Yan Rongfang , Zhang Jiandong , Zhang Yiying 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study the allocation problem of relevations in coherent systems. The optimal allocation strategies are obtained by implementing stochastic comparisons of different policies according to the usual stochastic order and the hazard rate order. As special cases of relevations, the load-sharing and minimal repair policies are further investigated. Sufficient (and necessary) conditions are established for various stochastic orderings. Numerical examples are also presented as illustrations.
Probing the mind of God: divine beliefs and credences
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth , Mooney Justin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough much has been written about divine knowledge, and some on divine beliefs, virtually nothing has been written about divine credences. In this article we comparatively assess four views on divine credences: (1) God has only beliefs, not credences; (2) God has both beliefs and credences; (3) God has only credences, not beliefs; and (4) God has neither credences nor beliefs, only knowledge. We weigh the costs and benefits of these four views and draw connections to current discussions in philosophical theology.
Spanish contact influence in a Finnish heritage community in Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Sippola Eeva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines contact outcomes in Finnish spoken in a heritage community in Misiones province, Argentina, in the 1970s. The data show limited morphosyntactic differences from dialectal varieties of Finnish, and most of the Spanish influence is lexical loans or sporadic codeswitches that have an emphatic function. The results show that beyond established lexical loans, both fluent and less fluent speakers avoid mixing and comment on it when it occurs. Translation and word search strategies show evidence of the speakers’ awareness about language mixing in the interview setting in which data were collected.
The impact of expected pensions on consumption: evidence from China
Authors: Zheng Wei , Lyu Youji , Jia Ruo , Hanewald Katja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study how pension participation and expected pension benefits affect working-age adults’ consumption based on a nationally representative dataset from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) during the period 2011–2018. We find that the consumption of working-age adults who participate in China's Residents' Basic Pension is 15.4% higher than that of non-participants. Furthermore, we find that if working-age adults' expected pension benefits increase by RMB 1, their consumption will increase by RMB 0.34. Overall, our findings suggest that pension expectations are critical to the consumption decisions of working-age adults and can, therefore, positively affect total domestic consumption.
The jurisprudence of elimination: starvation and force-feeding of Palestinians in Israel's highest court
Authors: Samuel M.T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper assesses the functioning of law and legal institutions in Palestine/Israel through the lens of settler colonialism by analysing two thematically interconnected decisions issued by the Supreme Court of Israel, the first involving the starvation of besieged Palestinian civilians and the second involving the force-feeding of Palestinian prisoners. Following a discussion regarding the role of law in settler colonialism, it proceeds to argue that the Court enabled, legitimised and legalised state-sanctioned violence that targeted the native Palestinian population by and through a jurisprudence of elimination in order to facilitate the attainment of Israeli settler-colonial objectives. By so doing, the paper provides further evidence in support of the appropriateness of settler colonialism as a theoretical framework for the case of Israel, including in legal matters.
Evolving Tropical Cyclone Tracks in the North Atlantic in a Warming Climate
Authors: Garner Andra J. , Kopp Robert E. , Horton Benjamin P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) track characteristics in a changing climate remain uncertain. Here, we investigate the genesis, tracks, and termination of >35,000 synthetic TCs traveling within 250 km of New York City (NYC) from the pre‐industrial era (850–1800 CE) to the modern era (1970–2005 CE) to the future (2080–2100 CE). Under a very high‐emissions scenario (RCP8.5), TCs are more likely to form closer to the United States (U.S.) southeast coast (>15% increase), terminate in the northeastern Atlantic (>6% increase), and move most slowly along the U.S. Atlantic coast (>15% increase) from the pre‐industrial to future. Under our modeled scenarios, TCs are more likely to travel within 100 km of Boston, MA, USA (p = 0.01) and Norfolk, VA, USA (p = 0.05) than within 100 km of NYC in the future. We identify reductions in the time between genesis and the time when TCs come within 100 km of NYC, Boston, or Norfolk, as well as increased duration of TC impacts from individual storms at all three cities in the future.
The Importance of Spring Mixing in Evaluating Carbon Dioxide and Methane Flux From a Small North‐Temperate Lake in Wisconsin, United States
Authors: Gorsky A. L. , Lottig N. R. , Stoy P. C. , Desai A. R. , Dugan H. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn limnological studies of temperate lakes, most studies of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions have focused on summer measurements of gas fluxes despite the importance of shoulder seasons to annual emissions. This is especially pertinent to dimictic, small lakes that maintain anoxic conditions and turnover quickly in the spring and fall. We examined CO2 and CH4 dynamics from January to October 2020 in a small humic lake in northern Wisconsin, United States through a combination of discrete sampling and high frequency buoy and eddy covariance data collection. Eddy covariance flux towers were installed on buoys at the center of the lake while it was still frozen to continually measure CO2 and CH4 across seasons. Despite evidence for only partial turnover during the spring, there was still a notable 19‐day pulse of CH4 emissions after lake ice melted with an average daytime flux rate of 8–30 nmol CH4 m−2 s−1. Our estimate of CH4 emissions during the spring pulse was 16 mmol CH4 m−2 compared to 22 mmol CH4 m−2 during the stratified period from June to August. We did not observe a linear accumulation of gases under‐ice in our sampling period during the late winter, suggesting the complexity of this dynamic period and the emphasis for direct measurements throughout the ice‐covered period. The results of our study help to better understand the magnitude and timing of greenhouse gas emissions in a region expected to experience warmer winters with decreased ice duration.
Methodology for clinical genotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19
Authors: Carvalho Henriques Beatriz , Buchner Avery , Hu Xiuying , Wang Yabing , Yavorskyy Vasyl , Wallace Keanna , Dong Rachael , Martens Kristina , Carr Michael S. , Behroozi Asl Bahareh , Hague Joshua , Sivapalan Sudhakar , Maier Wolfgang , Dernovsek Mojca Z. , Henigsberg Neven , Hauser Joanna , Souery Daniel , Cattaneo Annamaria , Mors Ole , Rietschel Marcella , Pfeffer Gerald , Hume Stacey , Aitchison Katherine J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany antidepressants, atomoxetine, and several antipsychotics are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, and guidelines for prescribers based on genetic variants exist. Although some laboratories offer such testing, there is no consensus regarding validated methodology for clinical genotyping of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. The aim of this paper was to cross-validate multiple technologies for genotyping CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 against each other, and to contribute to feasibility for clinical implementation by providing an enhanced range of assay options, customizable automated translation of data into haplotypes, and a workflow algorithm. AmpliChip CYP450 and some TaqMan single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) data in the Genome-based therapeutic drugs for depression (GENDEP) study were used to select 95 samples (out of 853) to represent as broad a range of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes as possible. These 95 included a larger range of CYP2D6 hybrid configurations than have previously been reported using inter-technology data. Genotyping techniques employed were: further TaqMan CNV and SNV assays, xTAGv3 Luminex CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, PharmacoScan, the Ion AmpliSeq Pharmacogenomics Panel, and, for samples with CYP2D6 hybrid configurations, long-range polymerase chain reactions (L-PCRs) with Sanger sequencing and Luminex. Agena MassARRAY was also used for CYP2C19. This study has led to the development of a broader range of TaqMan SNV assays, haplotype phasing methodology with TaqMan adaptable for other technologies, a multiplex genotyping method for efficient identification of some hybrid haplotypes, a customizable automated translation of SNV and CNV data into haplotypes, and a clinical workflow algorithm.
Cell-free DNA technologies for the analysis of brain cancer
Authors: Mair Richard , Mouliere Florent 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurvival for glioma patients has shown minimal improvement over the past 20 years. The ability to detect and monitor gliomas relies primarily upon imaging technologies that lack sensitivity and specificity, especially during the post-surgical treatment phase. Treatment-response monitoring with an effective liquid-biopsy paradigm may also provide the most facile clinical scenario for liquid-biopsy integration into brain-tumour care. Conceptually, liquid biopsy is advantageous when compared with both tissue sampling (less invasive) and imaging (more sensitive and specific), but is hampered by technical and biological problems. These problems predominantly relate to low concentrations of tumour-derived DNA in the bloodstream of glioma patients. In this review, we highlight methods by which the neuro-oncological scientific and clinical communities have attempted to circumvent this limitation. The use of novel biological, technological and computational approaches will be explored. The utility of alternate bio-fluids, tumour-guided sequencing, epigenomic and fragmentomic methods may eventually be leveraged to provide the biological and technological means to unlock a wide range of clinical applications for liquid biopsy in glioma.
Extracellular vesicles as a source of prostate cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies: a decade of research
Authors: Ramirez-Garrastacho Manuel , Bajo-Santos Cristina , Line Aija , Martens-Uzunova Elena S. , de la Fuente Jesus Martinez , Moros Maria , Soekmadji Carolina , Tasken Kristin Austlid , Llorente Alicia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
Motives for withdrawal of participation in biobanking and participants’ willingness to allow linkages of their data
Authors: Broekstra Reinder , Aris-Meijer Judith L. , Maeckelberghe Els L. M. , Stolk Ronald P. , Otten Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData repositories, like research biobanks, seek to optimise the number of responding participants while simultaneously attempting to increase the amount of data donated per participant. Such efforts aim to increase the repository’s value for its uses in medical research to contribute to improve health care, especially when data linkage is permitted by participants. We investigated individuals’ motives for participating in such projects and potential reasons for their withdrawal from participation in a population-based biobank. In addition, we analysed how these motives were related to various characteristics of the participants and their willingness to permit data linkage to their personal data for research. These questions were explored using a sample of participants in the Dutch Lifelines biobank (n = 2615). Our results indicated that motives for participation and withdrawal were premised on benefits or harm to society and to the individuals themselves. Although general values and trust both played key roles in participation, potential withdrawal and willingness to permit data linkage, they were differentially associated with motives for participation and withdrawal. These findings support and nuance previous findings by highlighting the distinctiveness and complexity of decision making regarding participation in or withdrawal from data donation. We suggest some new directions for improving recruitment, retention and safeguarding strategies in biobanking. In addition, our data provide initial evidence regarding how factors may relate with the probability that individuals will agree to data linkages, when controlling for their unique effects. Future research should further investigate how perceptions of harm and benefits may influence decision making on withdrawal of participation.
Topological acoustic triple point
Authors: Park Sungjoon , Hwang Yoonseok , Choi Hong Chul , Yang Bohm-Jung 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcoustic phonon is a classic example of triple degeneracy point in band structure. This triple point always appears in phonon spectrum because of the Nambu–Goldstone theorem. Here, we show that this triple point can carry a topological charge $${\mathfrak{q}}$$
q
that is a property of three-band systems with space-time-inversion symmetry. The charge $${\mathfrak{q}}$$
q
can equivalently be characterized by the skyrmion number of the longitudinal mode, or by the Euler number of the transverse modes. We call triple points with nontrivial $${\mathfrak{q}}$$
q
the topological acoustic triple point (TATP). TATP can also appear at high-symmetry momenta in phonon and spinless electron spectrums when Oh or Th groups protect it. The charge $${\mathfrak{q}}$$
q
constrains the nodal structure and wavefunction texture around TATP, and can induce anomalous thermal transport of phonons and orbital Hall effect of electrons. Gapless points protected by the Nambu–Goldstone theorem form a new platform to study the topology of band degeneracies.