bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis reveals the long intergenic noncoding RNAs contributed to skeletal muscle differences between Yorkshire and Tibetan pig
Authors: Huang Ziying , Li Qianqian , Li Mengxun , Li Changchun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe difference between the skeletal muscle growth rates of Western and domestic breeds is remarkable, but the potential regulatory mechanism involved is still unclear. Numerous studies have pointed out that long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) plays a key role in skeletal muscle development. This study used published Yorkshire (LW) and Tibetan pig (TP) transcriptome data to explore the possible role of lincRNA in the difference in skeletal muscle development between the two breeds. 138 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) were obtained between the two breeds, and their potential target genes (PTGs) were predicted. The results of GO and KEGG analysis revealed that PTGs are involved in multiple biological processes and pathways related to muscle development. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of DELs were predicted, and the results showed that most QTLs are related to muscle development. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between muscle development related PTGs (MDRPTGs) and their corresponding DELs on the basis of their expression levels. The expression of DELs was significantly correlated with the corresponding MDRPTGs. Also, multiple MDRPTGs are involved in the key regulatory pathway of muscle fiber hypertrophy, which is the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathway. In summary, multiple lincRNAs that may cause differences in skeletal muscle development between the two breeds were identified, and their possible regulatory roles were explored. The findings of this study may provide a valuable reference for further research on the role of lincRNA in skeletal muscle development.
Effects of aging on emotion recognition from dynamic multimodal expressions and vocalizations
Authors: Cortes Diana S. , Tornberg Christina , Bänziger Tanja , Elfenbein Hillary Anger , Fischer Håkan , Laukka Petri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAge-related differences in emotion recognition have predominantly been investigated using static pictures of facial expressions, and positive emotions beyond happiness have rarely been included. The current study instead used dynamic facial and vocal stimuli, and included a wider than usual range of positive emotions. In Task 1, younger and older adults were tested for their abilities to recognize 12 emotions from brief video recordings presented in visual, auditory, and multimodal blocks. Task 2 assessed recognition of 18 emotions conveyed by non-linguistic vocalizations (e.g., laughter, sobs, and sighs). Results from both tasks showed that younger adults had significantly higher overall recognition rates than older adults. In Task 1, significant group differences (younger > older) were only observed for the auditory block (across all emotions), and for expressions of anger, irritation, and relief (across all presentation blocks). In Task 2, significant group differences were observed for 6 out of 9 positive, and 8 out of 9 negative emotions. Overall, results indicate that recognition of both positive and negative emotions show age-related differences. This suggests that the age-related positivity effect in emotion recognition may become less evident when dynamic emotional stimuli are used and happiness is not the only positive emotion under study.
β-Dispersion of blood during sedimentation
Authors: Sabuncu Ahmet C. , Muldur Sinan , Cetin Barbaros , Usta O. Berk , Aubry Nadine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAggregation of human red blood cells (RBC) is central to various pathological conditions from bacterial infections to cancer. When left at low shear conditions or at hemostasis, RBCs form aggregates, which resemble stacks of coins, known as ‘rouleaux’. We experimentally examined the interfacial dielectric dispersion of aggregating RBCs. Hetastarch, an RBC aggregation agent, is used to mimic conditions leading to aggregation. Hetastrach concentration is incrementally increased in blood from healthy donors to measure the sensitivity of the technique. Time lapse electrical impedance measurements were conducted as red blood cells form rouleaux and sediment in a PDMS chamber. Theoretical modeling was used for obtaining complex permittivity of an effective single red blood cell aggregate at various concentrations of hetastarch. Time response of red blood cells’ impedance was also studied to parametrize the time evolution of impedance data. Single aggregate permittivity at the onset of aggregation, evolution of interfacial dispersion parameters, and sedimentation kinetics allowed us to distinguish differential aggregation in blood.
Psychophysiological responses to treadwall and indoor wall climbing in adult female climbers
Authors: Baláš Jiří , Gajdošík Jan , Krupková Dominika , Chrastinová Leona , Hlaváčková Alžběta , Bačáková Radka , Giles David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare the psychophysiological response of climbers of a range of abilities (lower grade to advanced) when ascending identical climbing routes on a climbing wall and a rotating treadwall. Twenty-two female climbers (31.2 ± 9.4 years; 60.5 ± 6.5 kg; 168.6 ± 5.7 cm) completed two identical 18 m climbing trials (graded 4 on the French Sport scale) separated by 1 week, one on the treadwall (climbing low to the ground) and the other on the indoor wall (climbing in height). Indirect calorimetry, venous blood samples and video-analysis were used to assess energy cost, hormonal response and time-load characteristics. Energy costs were higher during indoor wall climbing comparing to those on the treadwall by 16% (P < 0.001, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

μ

p

2

= 0.48). No interaction of climbing ability and climbing condition were found. However, there was an interaction for climbing ability and post-climbing catecholamine concentration (P < 0.01, $$\upmu _{{\text{p}}}^{2}$$

μ

p

2

= 0.28). Advanced climbers’ catecholamine response increased by 238% and 166% with respect to pre-climb values on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively; while lower grade climbers pre-climb concentrations were elevated by 281% and 376% on the treadwall and indoor wall, respectively. The video analysis showed no differences in any time-motion variables between treadwall and indoor wall climbing. The study demonstrated a greater metabolic response for indoor wall climbing, however, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood.
Benchmarking of numerical integration methods for ODE models of biological systems
Authors: Städter Philipp , Schälte Yannik , Schmiester Leonard , Hasenauer Jan , Stapor Paul L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrdinary differential equation (ODE) models are a key tool to understand complex mechanisms in systems biology. These models are studied using various approaches, including stability and bifurcation analysis, but most frequently by numerical simulations. The number of required simulations is often large, e.g., when unknown parameters need to be inferred. This renders efficient and reliable numerical integration methods essential. However, these methods depend on various hyperparameters, which strongly impact the ODE solution. Despite this, and although hundreds of published ODE models are freely available in public databases, a thorough study that quantifies the impact of hyperparameters on the ODE solver in terms of accuracy and computation time is still missing. In this manuscript, we investigate which choices of algorithms and hyperparameters are generally favorable when dealing with ODE models arising from biological processes. To ensure a representative evaluation, we considered 142 published models. Our study provides evidence that most ODEs in computational biology are stiff, and we give guidelines for the choice of algorithms and hyperparameters. We anticipate that our results will help researchers in systems biology to choose appropriate numerical methods when dealing with ODE models.
Neural processes in antecedent anxiety modulate risk-taking behavior
Authors: Nash Kyle , Leota Josh , Tran Alex 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThough real-world decisions are often made in the shadow of economic uncertainties, work problems, relationship troubles, existential angst, etc., the neural processes involved in this common experience remain poorly understood. Here, we randomly assigned participants (N = 97) to either a poignant experience of forecasted economic anxiety or a no-anxiety control condition. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we then examined how source-localized, anxiety-specific neural activation modulated risky decision making and strategic behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Previous research demonstrates opposing effects of anxiety on risk-taking, leading to contrasting predictions. On the one hand, activity in the dorsomedial PFC/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula, brain regions linked with anxiety and sensitivity to risk, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risk-averse decision-making. On the other hand, activation in the ventromedial PFC, a brain region important in emotion regulation and subjective valuation in decision-making, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risky decision-making. Results revealed evidence related to both predictions. Additionally, anxiety-specific activation in the dmPFC/ACC and the anterior insula were associated with disrupted learning across the task. These results shed light on the neurobiology of antecedent anxiety and risk-taking and provide potential insight into understanding how real-world anxieties can impact decision-making processes.
Deep-learning-based high-resolution recognition of fractional-spatial-mode-encoded data for free-space optical communications
Authors: Na Youngbin , Ko Do-Kyeong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStructured light with spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) is considered a potential solution to address the unprecedented demand for data traffic, but there is a limit to effectively improving the communication capacity by its integer quantization. We propose a data transmission system using fractional mode encoding and deep-learning decoding. Spatial modes of Bessel-Gaussian beams separated by fractional intervals are employed to represent 8-bit symbols. Data encoded by switching phase holograms is efficiently decoded by a deep-learning classifier that only requires the intensity profile of transmitted modes. Our results show that the trained model can simultaneously recognize two independent DoF without any mode sorter and precisely detect small differences between fractional modes. Moreover, the proposed scheme successfully achieves image transmission despite its densely packed mode space. This research will present a new approach to realizing higher data rates for advanced optical communication systems.
Intensification of CO2 absorption using MDEA-based nanofluid in a hollow fibre membrane contactor
Authors: Cao Yan , Rehman Zia Ur , Ghasem Nayef , Al-Marzouqi Mohamed , Abdullatif Nadia , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Ghadiri Mahdi , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Marjani Azam , Pishnamazi Mahboubeh , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorous hollow fibres made of polyvinylidene fluoride were employed as membrane contactor for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in a gas–liquid mode with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) based nanofluid absorbent. Both theoretical and experimental works were carried out in which a mechanistic model was developed that considers the mass transfer of components in all subdomains of the contactor module. Also, the model considers convectional mass transfer in shell and tube subdomains with the chemical reaction as well as Grazing and Brownian motion of nanoparticles effects. The predicted outputs of the developed model and simulations showed that the dispersion of CNT nanoparticles to MDEA-based solvent improves CO2 capture percentage compared to the pure solvent. In addition, the efficiency of CO2 capture for MDEA-based nanofluid was increased with rising MDEA content, liquid flow rate and membrane porosity. On the other hand, the enhancement of gas velocity and the membrane tortuosity led to reduced CO2 capture efficiency in the module. Moreover, it was revealed that the CNT nanoparticles effect on CO2 removal is higher in the presence of lower MDEA concentration (5%) in the solvent. The model was validated by comparing with the experimental data, and great agreement was obtained.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and clinical application of vancomycin in Chinese patients hospitalized in intensive care units
Authors: Lin Zhong , Chen Dan-yang , Zhu Yan-Wu , Jiang Zheng-li , Cui Ke , Zhang Sheng , Chen Li-hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManagement of vancomycin administration for intensive care units (ICU) patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to describe a population pharmacokinetic model of vancomycin for optimizing the dose regimen for ICU patients. We prospectively enrolled 466 vancomycin-treated patients hospitalized in the ICU, collected trough or approach peak blood samples of vancomycin and recorded corresponding clinical information from July 2015 to December 2017 at Tai Zhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province. The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin was analyzed by nonlinear mixed effects modeling with Kinetica software. Internal and external validation was evaluated by the maximum likelihood method. Then, the individual dosing regimens of the 92 patients hospitalized in the ICU whose steady state trough concentrations exceeded the target range (10–20 μg/ml) were adjusted by the Bayes feedback method. The final population pharmacokinetic model show that clearance rate (CL) of vancomycin will be raised under the conditions of dopamine combined treatment, severe burn status (Burn-S) and increased total body weight (TBW), but reduced under the conditions of increased serum creatinine (Cr) and continuous renal replacement therapy status; Meanwhile, the apparent distribution volume (V) of vancomycin will be enhanced under the terms of increased TBW, however decreased under the terms of increased age and Cr. The population pharmacokinetic parameters (CL and V) according to the final model were 3.16 (95%CI 2.83, 3.40) L/h and 60.71 (95%CI 53.15, 67.46). The mean absolute prediction error for external validation by the final model was 12.61% (95CI 8.77%, 16.45%). Finally, the prediction accuracy of 90.21% of the patients’ detected trough concentrations that were distributed in the target range of 10–20 μg/ml after dosing adjustment was found to be adequate. There is significant heterogeneity in the CL and V of vancomycin in ICU patients. The constructed model is sufficiently precise for the Bayesian dose prediction of vancomycin concentrations for the population of ICU Chinese patients.
Post-correlation on-lamella cryo-CLEM reveals the membrane architecture of lamellar bodies
Authors: Klein Steffen , Wimmer Benedikt H. , Winter Sophie L. , Kolovou Androniki , Laketa Vibor , Chlanda Petr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLamellar bodies (LBs) are surfactant-rich organelles in alveolar cells. LBs disassemble into a lipid-protein network that reduces surface tension and facilitates gas exchange in the alveolar cavity. Current knowledge of LB architecture is predominantly based on electron microscopy studies using disruptive sample preparation methods. We established and validated a post-correlation on-lamella cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy approach for cryo-FIB milled cells to structurally characterize and validate the identity of LBs in their unperturbed state. Using deconvolution and 3D image registration, we were able to identify fluorescently labeled membrane structures analyzed by cryo-electron tomography. In situ cryo-electron tomography of A549 cells as well as primary Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells revealed that LBs are composed of membrane sheets frequently attached to the limiting membrane through “T”-junctions. We report a so far undescribed outer membrane dome protein complex (OMDP) on the limiting membrane of LBs. Our data suggest that LB biogenesis is driven by parallel membrane sheet import and by the curvature of the limiting membrane to maximize lipid storage capacity.
A promiscuous ancestral enzyme´s structure unveils protein variable regions of the highly diverse metallo-β-lactamase family
Authors: Perez-Garcia Pablo , Kobus Stefanie , Gertzen Christoph G. W. , Hoeppner Astrid , Holzscheck Nicholas , Strunk Christoph Heinrich , Huber Harald , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Gohlke Holger , Kovacic Filip , Smits Sander H. J. , Streit Wolfgang R. , Chow Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe metallo-β-lactamase fold is an ancient protein structure present in numerous enzyme families responsible for diverse biological processes. The crystal structure of the hyperthermostable crenarchaeal enzyme Igni18 from Ignicoccus hospitalis was solved at 2.3 Å and could resemble a possible first archetype of a multifunctional metallo-β-lactamase. Ancestral enzymes at the evolutionary origin are believed to be promiscuous all-rounders. Consistently, Igni18´s activity can be cofactor-dependently directed from β-lactamase to lactonase, lipase, phosphodiesterase, phosphotriesterase or phospholipase. Its core-domain is highly conserved within metallo-β-lactamases from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya and gives insights into evolution and function of enzymes from this superfamily. Structural alignments with diverse metallo-β-lactamase-fold-containing enzymes allowed the identification of Protein Variable Regions accounting for modulation of activity, specificity and oligomerization patterns. Docking of different substrates within the active sites revealed the basis for the crucial cofactor dependency of this enzyme superfamily.
Cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy
Authors: Cygan Agata , Fleisher Adam J. , Ciuryło Roman , Gillis Keith A. , Hodges Joseph T. , Lisak Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeasurements of ultrahigh-fidelity absorption spectra can help validate quantum theory, engineer ultracold chemistry, and remotely sense atmospheres. Recent achievements in cavity-enhanced spectroscopy using either frequency-based dispersion or time-based absorption approaches have set new records for accuracy with uncertainties at the sub-per-mil level. However, laser scanning or susceptibility to nonlinearities limits their ultimate performance. Here we present cavity buildup dispersion spectroscopy (CBDS), probing the CO molecule as an example, in which the dispersive frequency shift of a cavity resonance is encoded in the cavity’s transient response to a phase-locked non-resonant laser excitation. Beating between optical frequencies during buildup exactly localizes detuning from mode center, and thus enables single-shot dispersion measurements. CBDS can yield an accuracy limited by the chosen frequency standard and measurement duration and is currently 50 times less susceptible to detection nonlinearity compared to intensity-based methods. Moreover, CBDS is significantly faster than previous frequency-based cavity-enhanced methods. The generality of CBDS shows promise for improving fundamental research into a variety of light–matter interactions.
Parametrically enhanced bandpass filters
Authors: Yeung Lap K. , Zou Xiating , Wang Yuanxun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a technique to enhance the quality factor (Q) of a resonator, which can then be used to realise bandpass filters (BPFs) with reduced insertion loss (IL) and improved passband selectivity. The main idea behind this technique is to introduce a negative resistance to a resonator, through the parametric amplification effect, to compensate losses from non‐ideal passive components (e.g. capacitors, inductors, and microstrips). Two bandpass filters enhanced by such resonators are designed and realised on printed‐circuit boards (PCBs) to demonstrate the characteristics of low insertion loss and good passband selectivity. In addition, these prototype parametrically enhanced filters offer reasonably good linearity and similar noise figures (NFs) to their corresponding pure passive counterparts.
Formative Evaluation der Schlaganfall-Bezugstherapie Phase-E Schleswig-Holstein aus Sicht der Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten
Authors: Pott Claudia 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fokussierung auf Körperfunktionsstörungen, mangelnde Teilhabe-Orientierung und Leitlinienimplementierung, Sektoren- und Professionsgrenzen kennzeichnen die Schlaganfall-Rehabilitation Phase-E. Hauptproblem ist ein fehlendes Case Management mit selektiver Einzel- statt koordinierter interprofessioneller Versorgung. Kernelement des Pilotprojekts Schlaganfall-Bezugstherapie (BZT), Phase-E, ist eine Schulung zur interprofessionellen teilhabeorientierten Ziel- bzw. Therapieplanung. Als Case-Mangerinnen und Case-Manager legen Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten Art, Frequenz und Dauer der Heilmittelverordnungen fest und unterstützen Patientinnen und Patienten beim Selbstmanagement.
Ziel Formative Evaluation aus Sicht der Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten, um die Intervention zu optimieren und auf weitere Regionen bzw. Krankheitsbilder auszuweiten.
Methode 18 ausgebildete Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten (Ergo-, Sprach- und Physiotherapie) wurden mittels halbstandardisiertem Fragebogen-Interview zur Schulung und Tätigkeit als Bezugstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten sowie zu Veränderungsbedarfen befragt.
Ergebnisse Für die Befragten gehören Fallkonferenzen und Ressourcenerfassung zu den wichtigsten Aspekten. Teilhabeorientierte Zielplanung werden als das am weitesten umgesetzte, Fallkonferenzen als das am wenigsten umgesetzte Prinzip benannt. Eine koordiniertere und patientenzentriertere Versorgung gelten ebenso als Vorteile wie eine leistungsbezogenere Vergütung, ein besserer Ressourceneinsatz durch Teilhabeorientierung und eine leichtere Integration der Bezugspersonen. Schwierigkeiten in der Zusammenarbeit mit nicht durch das BZT-Projekt geschulte Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten werden als Nachteil benannt.
Schlussfolgerung Alle Befragten bewerten Schulung und Konzeption positiv und bestätigen die Wichtigkeit der teilhabeorientierten Zielplanung und Top-down-Vorgehensweise. Weitere Maßnahmen sollten dazu dienen, das Implementieren von Assessments, Leitlinien und Fallkonferenzen zu fördern. BZT besitzt Modellcharakter für das Erproben in weiteren Regionen bzw. bei weiteren Diagnosegruppen.