bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voxel‐based morphometry for the evaluation of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy with apparently normal MRI
Authors: González‐Ortiz Sofía , Medrano Santiago , Capellades Jaume , Vilas Marta , Mestre Antoni , Serrano Laura , Conesa Gerardo , Pérez‐Enríquez Carmen , Arumi Montserrat , Bargalló Nuria , Delgado‐Martinez Ignacio , Rocamora Rodrigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential in the diagnosis of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE), because patients with lesions detected by MRI have a better prognosis after surgery. Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is one of the most frequent etiologies of PRE but can be difficult to identify by MRI. Voxel‐based morphometric analysis programs, like the Morphometric Analysis Program (MAP), have been developed to help improve MRI detection. Our objective was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of MAP in patients with PRE and an apparently normal MRI.MethodsWe studied 70 patients with focal PRE and a nonlesional MRI. The 3DT1 sequence was processed with MAP, obtaining three z‐score maps. Patients were classified as MAP+ if one or more z‐score maps showed a suspicious area of brightness, and MAP– if the z‐score maps did not show any suspicious areas. For MAP+ cases, a second‐look MRI was performed with a dedicated inspection based on the MAP findings. The MAP results were correlated with the epileptogenic zone. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.ResultsThirty‐one percent of patients were classified as MAP+ and 69% were MAP–. Results showed a sensitivity of 0.57, specificity of 0.8, PPV of 0.91, and NPV of 0.35. In 19% of patients, an FCD was found in the second‐look MRI after MAP.ConclusionsMAP was helpful in the detection of lesions in PRE patients with a nonlesional MRI, which could have important repercussions for the clinical management and postoperative prognosis of these patients.
Bone marrow metastasis/carcinomatosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: LK Wong Billy , Wei Chern Gan Richard , Adabavazeh Babak , Jose Jemy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature on bone marrow carcinomatosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is sparse. This work aims to augment understanding on its characteristic features, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcomes.MethodsComprehensive literature review of all published cases of metastasis of HNSCC to the bone marrow with regard to clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and survival outcomes of this disease. Each of these factors is discussed forming an up‐to‐date review on the subject.ResultsEight case reports were identified, seven males and one female with an age range of 35‒64 years. Primary sites were from the oral cavity (n = 4), oropharynx (n = 3) and supraglottis (n = 1). Six were stage four disease with nodal involvement, one case stage two and one case with unknown staging. Two of the oropharyngeal cancers were p16 positive, and one p16 status was not documented. Five patients presented with back pain, two patients had ecchymoses with bleeding, and one presented with sepsis and thrombocytopaenia. Three patients had proven disseminated intravascular coagulation. Four patients were treated with palliative chemoradiotherapy, one had palliative radiotherapy, one had radiotherapy and dendritic cell vaccine immunotherapy, and two died from the disease prior to any treatment. Various facets of presentation and management are discussed.ConclusionBone marrow carcinomatosis from HNSCC is rare. It can present with a variety of non‐specific symptoms, and a high index of suspicion is required to be able to diagnose the condition promptly. Aggressive chemotherapy is the treatment of choice but prognosis remains poor.
Postmortem screening of opioids, benzodiazepines, and alcohol among rural and urban suicide decedents
Authors: Bensley Kara Marie Kubiak , Kerr William C. , Barnett Sarah Beth , Mulia Nina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeFatal suicides involving opioids are increasingly common, particularly in rural areas. As co‐use of opioids with other substances contributes significantly to mortality risk, we examined whether positive screens for opioids with other substances is more prevalent among rural versus urban suicide deaths, as this could have implications for public health strategies to reduce overdose suicides.MethodsData from all states reporting opioid‐related overdose suicides in the National Violent Death Reporting System from 2012 to 2015 were used. Relative risk ratios were obtained using multinomial logistic regression, comparing opioid‐only to (1) opioid and alcohol, (2) opioid and benzodiazepines, and (3) opioid, alcohol, and benzodiazepines suicides across rurality. Models were fit using robust standard errors and fixed effects for year of death, adjusting for individual, county, and state‐level covariates.FindingsThere were 3,781 opioid‐overdose suicide decedents (42% female) tested for all 3 substances during the study period. Unadjusted prevalence of positive screens in decedents varied across rurality (P = .022). Urban decedents were more likely to test positive for opioids alone, while rural decedents were more to likely test positive for opioids and benzodiazepines.ConclusionsRural suicides are associated with increased opioid and benzodiazepine positive screens. These findings suggest the need for rural‐focused interventions to support appropriate co‐prescribing, better health education for providers about risks associated with drug mixing, and more linkages with mental health services.
Nebulized dexamethasone sodium phosphate in the treatment of horses with severe asthma
Authors: de Wasseige Selena , Picotte Khristine , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA study reported low systemic availability of injectable dexamethasone nebulized to healthy horses using the Flexineb mask. When used in horses with severe asthma and a different nebulizer, lack of efficacy and cortisol suppression were observed.HypothesisNebulized dexamethasone is as effective as PO administration for the treatment of severe asthma in horses.AnimalsTwelve horses with severe asthma from a research herd.MethodsRandomized clinical trial. Horses were divided into 2 groups and received 5 mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate by nebulization using a Flexineb mask (NE, n = 6) or PO (OR, n = 6) q24h for 7 days. Lung function and serum cortisol concentrations were evaluated at baseline, after 4 days of treatment (D4) and 1 day after the last treatment (D8). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with Benjamini‐Hochberg adjustments.ResultsLung resistance significantly improved at D4 (mean decrease ± SD, −1.5 ± 0.45 cm H₂O/L/s; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2; −0.6) and D8 (−1.4 ± 0.45 cm H₂O/L/s; 95% CI, −2.4; −0.5) compared to baseline in the OR group only (P = .004 and .01, respectively). Serum cortisol concentration was significantly decreased at D4 and D8 for both groups (maximum decrease, −1.2 ± 0.3 μg/dL; 95% CI, −1.9; −0.6 at D4 for NE group and −2.2 ± 0.3 μg/dL; 95% CI, −2.8; −1.6 at D8 for OR group; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOral, but not nebulized dexamethasone is an effective therapy for horses with severe asthma and both treatment modalities inhibit the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis.
The Alpha‐Heston stochastic volatility model
Authors: Jiao Ying , Ma Chunhua , Scotti Simone , Zhou Chao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce an affine extension of the Heston model, called the ‐Heston model, where the instantaneous variance process contains a jump part driven by ‐stable processes with . In this framework, we examine the implied volatility and its asymptotic behavior for both asset and VIX options. Furthermore, we study the jump clustering phenomenon observed on the market. We provide a jump cluster decomposition for the variance process where each cluster is induced by a “mother jump” representing a triggering shock followed by “secondary jumps” characterizing the contagion impact.
The Influence of Creative Expertise on the Sensitivity and Selectivity of Analogical Reasoning
Authors: Dumas Denis , Dong Yixiao , Doherty Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThis study compared the analogical reasoning of three groups that differed in their creative expertise: professional actors, undergraduate acting majors, and nonactors. Using an Analogy Finding Task, in which participants identified valid and nonvalid verbal analogies, three aspects of participants' analogical reasoning were measured: the number of analogies participants selected as valid (Quantity), the rate of true‐positive analogical identification (Sensitivity), and the rate of true‐negative identification of nonvalid analogies (Selectivity). The Analogy Finding Task was administered under both a baseline and a “think creatively” prompt. Results showed that actors (professional or student) were significantly more Sensitive to valid analogies than nonactors, and these creative experts were significantly more influenced by the “think creatively” prompt, which increased the Quantity, and decreased the Selectivity, of actors' analogical reasoning. To explain these results, we forward the general hypothesis that creative experts may be more flexible in response to creativity‐relevant contextual cues than nonexperts.
Influence of age and individual identity in the use of breeding colony habitat by male Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica
Authors: Brusa Jamie L. , Rotella Jay J. , Garrott Robert A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMale–male contest behavior can contribute to spatial distributions of male pinnipeds during breeding seasons. To maximize breeding opportunities, the most competitive males would be expected to be surrounded by the highest numbers of reproductive‐age females. As information regarding fine‐scale spatial ecology of Weddell seals is lacking, we performed an exploratory study using kernel density analyses to evaluate age‐specific habitat use of male Weddell seals in Erebus Bay, Antarctica. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between age and number of surrounding reproductive‐age females using a competing set of regression models in a Bayesian framework that considered different functional forms of age while incorporating individual heterogeneity. As male adult Weddell seals aged, to at least 20 years, they were more likely to be found in areas associated with the greatest densities of reproductive‐age females, but individual heterogeneity also influenced the number of reproductive‐age female neighbors. The youngest males tended to haul out in offshore areas associated with better hunting, and older males tended to settle in more nearshore areas associated with more pup production. Our findings from this preliminary investigation indicate that male Weddell seal spatial behavior during the breeding season varies with age and individual and might be related to reproductive activity.
Pilocarpine improves submandibular gland dysfunction in irradiated rats by downregulating the tight junction protein claudin‐4
Authors: Yao Qing‐Ting , Wu Yan‐Hui , Liu Shao‐Hua , Song Xiao‐Bin , Xu Hui , Li Jun , Shi Liang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of radiation on paracellular pathway of rat submandibular glands (SMGs) and the mechanism of increasing secretion following treatment with pilocarpine.Materials and MethodsIn situ irradiation models of SMGs in Wistar rats were conducted, and the glands were exposed to X‐radiation at a single dose of 20 Gy. Pilocarpine was intraperitoneally injected 60 min prior to radiation and continuous 6 days postirradiation for a total of 7 days. Salivary secretion, histological changes, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, alterations in tight junctions (TJs), and functional membrane proteins aquaporin‐5 (AQP5) and claudin‐4 mediated by the muscarinic acetylcholine M3 subtype receptor were determined at 1 and 12 weeks after irradiation.ResultsSalivary secretion of the irradiated glands was reduced at 1 and 12 weeks. As well, acinar cell numbers, TJ width, and the levels of M3 receptor and AQP5 were decreased. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin 6, interleukin 1α, and the expression of the TJ protein claudin‐4 were significantly increased in irradiated SMGs. Notably, all the alterations were attenuated by pilocarpine treatment.ConclusionsPilocarpine could improve the secretory function of irradiated rat SMGs via reducing inflammation, ameliorating the structural injury of TJs, and attenuating the up‐regulation of claudin‐4 expression.
Unexplained syncope during pacemaker interrogation: Wand, AutoCapture, or lead—Which one is the elusive culprit?
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Majumder Suchit , Ghose Subir , Kar Ayan , Sarkar Rakesh , Mukherjee Sanjeev S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA 65‐year‐old gentleman underwent dual chamber pacemaker implantation (DDDR, St Jude Medical) 7 years back for infra‐hisian complete heart block. He was completely asymptomatic and came for his annual routine check‐up. After undergoing ECG with and without magnet, he was prepared for device evaluation. After placing the programmer wand over the chest as soon as the “;interrogate” button on the programmer screen was pressed, the patient immediately experienced pre‐syncope but recovered instantly as the wand was promptly withdrawn. After taking him to the casualty room with all resuscitation measures in hand, a repeat attempt of interrogation was made after connecting ECG, which revealed reproducible loss of capture (LOC), exclusively during wand placement. A differential diagnosis of lead failure, battery depletion, or wand related issues were considered. However, serial ECGs recorded without wand raised the possibility of AutoCapture malfunction. With all precautions, the device was programmed to fixed ventricular output mode after which interrogation could be performed safely. There was a remaining battery longevity of 2 years with acceptable lead parameters and stable threshold. He continues to be asymptomatic at 10 months of follow up.
When an American Pacifist Became an Alien in Her own Homeland (and Had to be Ready to Kill to Reclaim Her Citizenship)
Authors: Stoltzfus Duane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMabel Boe was born in Iowa but lost her U.S. citizenship when she married a Norwegian. Federal law at the time required that she relinquish her own citizenship to share her husband’s. When she sought to regain her American standing, she found her way blocked by a hypothetical question that the Bureau of Naturalization had introduced after World War I as a test of loyalty: “If necessary, are you willing to take up arms in defense of this country?” Boe, a member of the Church of the Brethren, said she could not kill another person. She became one of scores of conscientious objectors in the 1920s and 1930s who were denied citizenship over the question. In one of the oddest cases in the history of naturalization, Boe spent decades waiting to reclaim her U.S. citizenship, long after her husband, who shared her pacifist beliefs, had himself become an American.
Optical Switching Between Long‐lived States of Opsin Transmembrane Voltage Sensors
Authors: Mei Gaoxiang , Cavini Cesar M. , Mamaeva Natalia , Wang Peng , DeGrip Willem J. , Rothschild Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpsin‐based transmembrane voltage sensors (OTVSs) are membrane proteins increasingly used in optogenetic applications to measure voltage changes across cellular membranes. In order to better understand the photophysical properties of OTVSs, we used a combination of UV‐Vis absorption, fluorescence and FT‐Raman spectroscopy to characterize QuasAr2 and NovArch, two closely related mutants derived from the proton pump archaerhodopsin‐3 (AR3). We find both QuasAr2 and NovArch can be optically cycled repeatedly between O‐like and M‐like states using 5‐min exposure to red (660 nm) and near‐UV (405 nm) light. Longer red‐light exposure resulted in the formation of a long‐lived photoproduct similar to pink membrane, previously found to be a photoproduct of the BR O intermediate with a 9‐cis retinylidene chromophore configuration. However, unlike QuasAr2 whose O‐like state is stable in the dark, NovArch exhibits an O‐like state which slowly partially decays in the dark to a stable M‐like form with a deprotonated Schiff base and a 13‐cis,15‐anti retinylidene chromophore configuration. These results reveal a previously unknown complexity in the photochemistry of OTVSs including the ability to optically switch between different long‐lived states. The possible molecular basis of these newly discovered properties along with potential optogenetic and biotechnological applications are discussed.
Action Levels for SARS‐CoV‐2 in Air: Preliminary Approach
Authors: Haas Charles N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuantitative microbial risk assessment has been used to develop criteria for exposure to many microorganisms. In this article, the dose–response curve for Coronavirus 229E is used to develop preliminary risk‐based exposure criteria for SARS‐CoV‐2 via the respiratory portals of entry.
Prior Sample Size Extensions for Assessing Prior Impact and Prior-Likelihood Discordance
Authors: Reimherr Matthew , Meng Xiao-Li , Nicolae Dan L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper outlines a framework for quantifying the prior’s contribution to posterior inference in the presence of prior-likelihood discordance, a broader concept than the usual notion of prior-likelihood conflict. We achieve this dual purpose by extending the classic notion of prior sample size, M, in three directions: (I) estimating M beyond conjugate families; (II) formulating M as a relative notion that is as a function of the likelihood sample size k, M(k), which also leads naturally to a graphical diagnosis; and (III) permitting negative M, as a measure of prior-likelihood conflict, that is, harmful discordance. Our asymptotic regime permits the prior sample size to grow with the likelihood data size, hence making asymptotic arguments meaningful for investigating the impact of the prior relative to that of likelihood. It leads to a simple asymptotic formula for quantifying the impact of a proper prior that only involves computing a centrality and a spread measure of the prior and the posterior. We use simulated and real data to illustrate the potential of the proposed framework, including quantifying how weak is a ‘weakly informative’ prior adopted in a study of lupus nephritis. Whereas we take a pragmatic perspective in assessing the impact of a prior on a given inference problem under a specific evaluative metric, we also touch upon conceptual and theoretical issues such as using improper priors and permitting priors with asymptotically non-vanishing influence.
Continuous renal replacement therapy principles
Authors: Claure‐Del Granado Rolando , Clark William R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractContinuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an extracorporeal blood purification therapy that aims to support kidney function over an extended period of time. One of the main objectives of CRRT is the removal of excess fluid and solutes retained as a consequence of acute kidney injury. Because prescription of CRRT requires goals to be set with regard to the rate and extent of solute and fluid removal, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism by which solute and fluid removal occurs during CRRT is essential. Basic mechanisms of fluid transport and solute removal (ultrafiltration, diffusion, convection, and adsorption) and the factors influencing these processes in CRRT are described. From the combination of the different transport mechanisms, a number of CRRT modalities are identified and described. Finally, these principles are applied to provide a brief overview of the concept of effluent‐based CRRT dose.
Understating South Asia interculturally and communicatively: What the contemporary scholarship tells us
Authors: Dutta Uttaran 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article reviews contemporary intercultural scholarship by examining published papers in 16 communication journals (5 of them were dedicated intercultural journals) between 2007 and 2018. The analysis found that the number of manuscripts published in 12 years (n = 191, or approximately 2.5% of 7452 published papers) on South Asian issues and populations is meager. Based on the reading of the intercultural manuscripts, this article identified eight key areas of scholarly attention, including acculturation and cultural adaptation, intercultural transitions, language and verbal communication, communication for social change, negotiation of identities, technology‐based communication, media and mediated communication, and new dynamics in the contemporary era. Later, this article talked about “silent zones” of contemporary intercultural scholarship—topics or areas that are under‐researched and then described potential pathways of future scholarship in imagining a more tolerant, just and equal South Asia.
LncRNA MIR503HG promotes hypertrophic scar progression via miR‐143‐3p‐mediated Smad3 expression
Authors: Wei Jun , Wang Zhiyong , Zhong Chaoyi , Ding Huarong , Wang Xiqiao , Lu Shuliang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHypertrophic scars (HSs) form due to unchecked proliferation of fibrous tissue after an injury to the skin. Recently, lncRNA MIR503HG was shown to be involved in HS. However, the mechanism by which MIR503HG affects the formation and progression of HS still needs further study. qRT‐PCR was applied to examine the levels of MIR503HG and miR‐143‐3p in HS tissues and human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (hHSFs). The relationships of MIR503HG, miR‐143‐3p and Smad3 were explored with a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were measured by CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The protein level of Smad3 was tested via Western blotting. MIR503HG was upregulated and miR‐143‐3p was downregulated in HS versus normal skin tissues. The knockdown of MIR503HG and the overexpression of miR‐143‐3p suppressed the proliferation and invasion of hHSF, and promoted cell apoptosis. MIR503HG bound to miR‐143‐3p while miR‐143‐3p directly targeted Smad3 to inhibit its expression. Suppression of miR‐143‐3p and overexpression of Smad3, respectively, reversed these effects of knockdown of MIR503HG and overexpression of miR‐143‐3p on hHSFs. Our research supports a model in which the MIR503HG/miR‐143‐3p/Smad3 axis serves as a critical regulator of HS, highlighting a promising therapeutic option for HS.
Investigation of the Variation of Point Unit Heat-Transfer Coefficients for Laminar Flow Over an Inclined Flat Plate
Authors: Drake R. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Many applications of heat-transfer phenomena by forced convection require a knowledge of heat transfer from simple geometric bodies like the flat plate. Investigations of the flat plate have been limited, in general, to studies of isothermal plates of 0-deg angle of incidence and in laminar flow. The amount of data concerning investigations on turbulent flow, nonisothermal plates or inclined plates is quite small. It is the intent of this paper to provide information on the heat transfer from a nonisothermal inclined flat plate in laminar flow. It is shown herein that forced-convection heat-transfer data for an inclined nonisothermal flat plate with a constant specific rate of heat flow can be correlated and represented by an equation of the type (1) Nu x Re L = C ( x L ) n for laminar flow. It is further shown that this equation is similar in slope to the theoretical equation of the type (2) Nu x Re L = C 2 ( x L ) m + 1 2 for an isothermal plate in laminar flow, but is larger by 30 per cent in absolute value. This variance can be partly explained by an analysis of the behavior of a nonisothermal plate as opposed to an isothermal one, but this analysis leaves much to be desired, so that the full explanation is at present unknown.