bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaporthe woodii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Diaporthe woodii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, L. digitatus
and
L. luteus
. DISEASE:
Phomopsis
stem blight of lupine (lupinosis of sheep). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Poland, Germany, Russia, Portugal, Italy, Crete); Africa (Tanzania, South Africa); Australia; N. America (Florida, Georgia). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores and splash-dispersed conidia, over short distances. Perennation and long distance spread by infected seeds and plant residues.
Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hims M. J. , Preece T. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Solanum tuberosum
. DISEASE: Powdery scab of potato. The first signs of infection are seen as small brown spots associated with lenticels or wounds and less frequently with eyes. Lenticel and wound infections develop raised, white, neoplastic outgrowths which may expand to a diameter of 3-4 cm. These outgrowths eventually darken, shrink and dry to form the readily recognisable brown powdery scabs filled with the 'spore-balls' (cystosori). During appropriate weather conditions eye infections apparently stimulate the meristematic tissue, within the eye, to grow so that small secondary 'tubers' form as outgrowths and are covered with large areas of powdery scab. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne and seed-borne cystosori ('spore-balls'). Cystosori are persistent and remain viable for an unknown number of years.
Podosphaera clandestina
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Khairi S. M. , Preece T. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Podosphaera clandestina
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Crataegus monogyna, C. pentagyna, C. punctata, Mespilus germanica, Cratoegomespilus grandiflora, C
.
dardari, Pyrus communis, Cydonia vulgaris, Pyrocydonia winkleri
and
P. danieli
. DISEASE: Hawthorn mildew. Severe attacks cause defoliation and death of terminal buds on young seedlings and on soft shoots on hedges and trees. The disease has been recorded on hawthorn fruits. The host plant can be grown only from seeds. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide (Salmon, 1900; 45, 3081). Cleistothecia play no part in the disease in England. The overwintering mycelium, inside infected buds, survives until the following spring. These infected buds are the primary infections found each year. Secondary infection is by air-borne conidia.
Diplocarpon maculatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Diplocarpon maculatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Amelanchier, Aronia, Crataegus, Cydonia, Eriobotrya, Heteromeles, Malus, Mespilus, Photinia, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Raphiolepis, Sorbus
. DISEASE:
Entomosporium
leaf blight or
Fabraea
scald. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Generally throughout the temperate zones and extending into the tropics in Central America and highlands of Kenya. North America (Canada, USA, Mexico), Central American states, South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay), Europe, Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Rhodesia, Mozambique, Madagascar, Kenya), Asia (Afghanistan, India, Israel, Japan, Turkey, USSR), Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 327, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: By splash dispersed conidia; ascospores appear to be of minor importance.
Pyrenophora dictyoides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Waller J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pyrenophora dictyoides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Festuca, Lolium, Phleum, Poa
. DISEASE: Causes net blotch and leaf spot primarily of fescues. Irregular brown leaf lesions with a delicate netted pattern are formed which may result in the withering of the whole leaf blade. Common on meadow fescue (
Festuca pratensis
) causing net-blotch lesions and occasionally found on
Lolium
and other grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By spores, overwintering on leaf bases, crop debris, etc., and by seed transmission (50, 3873).
Haplobasidion musae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Ellis M. B. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Haplobasidion musae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On living leaves of
Musa
causing diamond-shaped, white, pale grey or brown spots each with dark purple to black border, spots often very pale on the upper surface, darker on the lower surface. DISEASE: Diamond (or Malayan) leaf spot of banana (
Musa
). Although the fungus was described only in 1957 the disease, as has been pointed out (51, 1688), was first reported by Knowles from Fiji in 1916. On the upper leaf surface the spots are greyish white with straight edges, diamond shaped with a black border, 4-5.5 × 3-4 mm, longer axis parallel to the veins, border 0.5 mm wide. These lesions may be surrounded by a watersoaked area often several times their size. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Fiji, Malaysia (W.) and Samoa (W.); (CMI Map 474, ed. 1, 1971). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported.
Hymenula cerealis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hawksworth D. L. , Waller J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Hymenula cerealis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Triticum, Hordeum, Avena
and
Secale
spp. Also recorded from, or successfully inoculated into, a wide range of gramineaceous genera. DISEASE: Causes 'Cephalosporium' leaf stripe disease of cereals and grasses. Long, red-brown to chlorotic stripes are produced on leaf lamina; vascular strands in leaves, sheaths and sometimes culms and nodes are discoloured. Leaves senesce prematurely and plants are stunted. Yield losses occur mainly as reduced number and weight of grain/ear but are not accurately reflected by symptom expression (52, 4023). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (South Africa (Transvaal)); Europe (Germany, UK, Netherlands, Italy); Asia (Japan); and N. America (USA (Washington state, Montana)). TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil-borne and can survive long periods in crop debris (45, 2079). Conidia are produced abundantly on this in moist conditions and are dispersed by rain. Survival on crop debris and subsequent sporulation are best in slightly acid soils and under slight moisture stress (47, 2459). Wild grasses act as alternative hosts and a small degree of seed transmission can occur.
Leptosphaeria taiwanensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Leptosphaeria taiwanensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Saccharum officinarum
. DISEASE: Leaf blight of sugarcane. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: Conidia are dispersed by wind and rain. The fumgus presumably overwinters in the sexual (pseudothecial) state in leaves and may start new infection by wind-borne ascospores in the next favourable season.
Oidium heveae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sivanesan A. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Oidium heveae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Hevea brasiliensis
DISEASE: Powdery mildew of rubber;
O. heveae
is one of the causes of the diseased condition of this crop in S.E. Asia known as secondary leaf fall (SLF). The others are: a form of
Glomerella cingulata
(CMI Descript. 315), the yellow tea mite (
Hemitarsonemus latus
[Polyphagotarsonemus latus]
) and a thrips (
Scirtothrips dorsalis
). This leaf fall may be caused by these organisms alone or in combination.
Oidium heveae
is the most widespread cause;
G. cingulata
can be locally serious; and the thrips is the least important. Rubber leaflets infected by
O. heveae
at the shining brown to yellowish stages become shrivelled, necrotic and fall. At the light green (cuticle hardening) stage, about 10 days after bud burst, the infected leaflets do not abciss. The mildew colonies are most conspicuous on the lower surface and leaflets which do not fall show characteristic chlorotic, translucent blotches. A severe attack of SLF is shown by a pale green carpet of leaves which is seen on approaching the trees. Repeated defoliation leads to dieback. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil (Sao Paulo), Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, India (S.), Indonesia, Malawi, Malaysia (W., Sarawak), Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Vietnam and Zaire (CMI Map 4, ed. 4, 1976) and Congo (not mapped: 52, 845). TRANSMISSION: Air dispersed conidia.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. , Holliday P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus is plurivorous; hosts include
Brassica oleracea
var.
capitata, B. chinensis, Helianthus annuus, Phaseolus vulgaris, Arachis hypogaea, Carthamus tinctorius, Citrus, Coriandrum sativum, Cucumis melo, Curcurbita pepo, Glycine max, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Lactuca saliva, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cucumis sativus
. DISEASE: The fungus causes dieases with several common names, e.g. cottony soft rot, white mould and watery soft rot. It is generally more important as a pathogen of vegetables in the field, during transit and in store. Woody plants, grasses and cereals are rarely attacked. Crops attacked include: cabbage (
Brassica oleracea
var.
capitata
and
B. chinensis
; 4, 713; 37, 611; 39, 515; 51, 2958); sunflower (
Helianthus annuus
; 3, 274; 4, 289; 8, 246; 38, 9; 43, 2012; 50, 3095; 51, 3486; 54, 4600; 55, 2832); common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
; 1, 116; 25, 592; 33, 401; 34, 425; 40, 446; 51, 870; 52, 531; 53, 731, 2373, 4183; 54, 4252, 4694; 55, 970); groundnut (
Arachis hypogaea
; 53, 3708); safflower (
Carthamus tinctorius
; 3, 650); citrus (
Citrus
spp. ; 24, 500; 43, 2910); coriander (
Coriandrum sativum
; 43, 2373); melon (
Cucumis melo
; 50, 1543; 53, 1109); squash (
Curcurbitapepo
; 50, 446); soyabean (
Glycine max
; 52, 3485; 53, 335, 336) tomato (
Lycopersicon esculentum
; 33, 56); tobacco (
Nicotiana tabacum
; 12, 729; 14, 126; 38, 279; 39, 46; 55, 2355); lettuce (
Lactuca saliva
; 16, 13); roselle (
Hibiscus sabdariffa
; 14, 106); cucumber (
Cucumis sativus
; 55, 2953). Most plant parts, above and at soil level, of herbaceous crops can be attacked at any age. The first symptoms are frequently the collapse of the plant due to stem infection near the soil. A soft rot develops, followed by the conspicuous, external white mycelium and the sclerotia which are often formed in the pith. Infections which arise at some height above soil level frequently begin from withering or fallen petals, infected by ascospores. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Very widespread but the disease is one of relatively cool moist conditions. In the Mediterranean area little or no disease occurs in the summer (31, 250; 43, 14). TRANSMISSION: Air-borne ascospores are the most important means of spread (12, 193; 33, 56, 401; 37, 611; 42, 527; 54, 4252, 4694; 55, 442, 970). The sclerotia (from which the apothecia arise) are the primary survival structures, in soil and host debris. Survival time is very variable but can be high after 3 years in soil (42, 244; 43, 2756; 45, 818; 50, 1621; 52, 3956; 54, 3712, 4252; Hoes,
Phytopathology
65: 1431, 1975). Mycelium from sclerotia can also cause infection. Seed may be an infective source, either from contaminating sclerotia or internal mycelium (38, 169; 43, 1376; 47, 1998; 51, 3487; 52, 3485; 53, 335, 336).
Pestalotiopsis funerea
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pestalotiopsis funerea
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Coniferae
, including
Araucaria, Cedrus, Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria, Cupressocyparis, Cupressus
,
Dacrydium, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Libocedrus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga
and
Thuja
. DISEASE: Leaf and stem blight, occasionally canker or girdling, dieback and root-rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Italy, Romania, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium); Africa (S. Africa, Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia); Asia (USSR, Japan); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); America (Canada, Ecuador, USA, Bermuda). TRANSMISSION: Has been found in seed samples (35, 643) and isolated from soil, but no detailed studies have been reported.
Puccinia oahuensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Mordue J. E. M. , Critchett C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Puccinia oahuensis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Digitaria
spp., including
D. eriantha, D. pentzii
(woolly finger grass),
D. smutsii
and
D. decumbens
(pangola grass);
D. sanguinalis
(crab grass) is also attacked DISEASE: Rust of
Digitaria
spp., including several pasture or fodder grasses of agricultural or horticultural significance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in warmer regions including USA (south-eastern states and Texas); Central and South America (Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil and French Guiana); West Indies (Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico and Trinidad); Middle East (Israel); Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rhodesia, S. Africa, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Mauritius); Asia (China, India, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Guinea and Hawaii) (From literature cited and specimens in Herb. IMI).
Rhizopus oryzae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Lunn J. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Rhizopus oryzae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In air, soil, compost, and pathogenic for plants, man and other warm blooded animals. DISEASE:
Plants
: Often in association with
R. stolonifer
or other fungi, causes pale brown soft rot of fruit, vegetables and bulbs, especially rot of sweet potatoes (Harter
et al.
, 1921; Lauritzen & Harter, 1925; 52, 4179 (as
R. nodosus
)), root rot of sugar beet (Hildebrand & Koch, 1943; Gaskill & Seliskar, 1952; 52, 1718) and seed-bed losses in groundnuts (Gibson & Clinton, 1953). Also, again in association as above, causes storage rot of many plant products (53, 99) including soyabean seed (54, 1959).
Man and animals
: Cause of rhinocerebral phycomycosis, sometimes with ocular or vascular involvement in man, particularly diabetics (RMVM 6, 504, 3028; 5, 1426; 8, 2113; 9, 2410). Also reported from bovine mycotic abortion (Nicolet
et al.
, 1966) and from mycotic pneumonia in chicks (RMVM 7, 1861). Has been used in experimental infection of mice, thyroidectomized rats (RMVM 6, 2119) and alloxan-diabetic rabbits (RMVM 7, 2628). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.
Cylindrosporium concentricum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cylindrosporium concentricum
[Pyrenopeziza brassicae]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Brassica
spp. (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts, oil seed rape, swedes). DISEASE: Light leaf spot of
Brassicae
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Ireland, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Rumania, Latvia); Asia (Japan, Philippines); Australia (South Australia, Tasmania); New Zealand. (CMI Map 193, ed. 2, 1975). TRANSMISSION: By splash-dispersed air-borne conidia. No seed transmission has been demonstrated.
Greeneria uvicola
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Greeneria uvicola
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Muscadine grapes (
Vitis rotundifolia
) are most susceptible; other grapes (
Vitis vinifera, V. bourquina, V. labrusea, V. munsoniana
) appreciably susceptible. Also recorded on apple (37, 241). Shown to be capable of invasion of fruits of apple, cherry, peach, strawberry, blueberry and banana (Ridings & Clayton, 1970). DISEASE: Bitter rot, ripe rot of grape, necrotic fleck of grapevine. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Greece); Asia (India, Hong Kong); North America (USA); Central America (Costa Rica); South America (Brazil); Africa (South Africa); Australia (Queensland). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia. No information has been traced on the role of infected debris in spread and perennation of this fungus but the pathogen can carry over on infected first few internodes of the vine (5, 471).
Pithomyces chartarum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. , Gibson I. A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pithomyces chartarum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Isolated from a very wide range of plant material, also from air, soil, hay, sawn timber and ceiling plaster. DISEASE: Facial eczema of sheep, glume blotch of rice and sorghum. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (UK, Italy); Africa (Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Nigeria, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia); Asia (Brunei, Burma, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Malaysia (W., Sabah), Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka); Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga, British Solomon Islands); North America (USA, Canada); Central America (Cuba, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Trinidad, Windward Isles); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores.
Gymnosporangium clavipes
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Gymnosporangium clavipes
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aecia on quince (
Cydonia vulgaris
); apple (
Malus sylvestris
) and hawthorn (
Crataegus
), also on
Amelanchier
,
Aronia, Cheanomeles, Cotoneaster, Mespilus, Photinia, Pyrus
and
Sorbus
but not of any importance on pear (
Pyrus communis
). Telia on
Juniperus communis, J. sihirica
and
J. virginiana
. DISEASE: Quince rust. Aecia chiefly on fruit, sometimes on fusiform swellings of stems and leaf veins of quince; not reported on apple foliage and though infections damage the fruit aecial pustules are rarely formed on fruit of apple. Telia on slight fusiform swellings of twigs and larger branches of juniper. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread throughout Canada and the USA. Also reported from Mexico (CMI Map 121, ed. 2, 1975).
Gymnosporangium tremelloides
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Gymnosporangium tremelloides
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aecia chiefly on apple (
Malus sylvestris
) and
Sorbus
, also on other
Malus
spp. and quince (
Cydonia vulgaris
). Telia on
Juniperis communis
and other species of the '
oxycedrus
' group. DISEASE: European apple rust. Aecia on leaves. Juniper gall rust, telia on fusiform or gall-like swellings of the smaller branches of juniper (
Juniperus communis
) or on hemispheric swellings along the sides of large branches. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed in Europe (but not in Britain) and extending into N.W. Africa. Also in China and in western N. America from Alaska to Colorado and Utah.
Erwinia cypripedii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Bradbury J. F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Erwinia cypripedii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Aerides japonicum, Cypripedium godefroye, C. haynaldium, C. laevigatum, C. philippinense, Phalaenopsis amabilis, P. aphrodite
and
P. schilleriana
. DISEASE: Bacterial brown rot of orchids. The disease, which usually attacks orchids with thick, fleshy leaves, starts as a small water-soaked lesion which enlarges to become a brown, slightly sunken greasy-looking area. The lesion soon becomes visible on the other side of the leaf, and becomes a dark chestnut brown. If the disease is unchecked it may pass down into the stem and reach the growing point, destroying the plant. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Taiwan, USA. TRANSMISSION: No specific studies but observation suggests that the bacteria are splashed on to the leaves in watering or rainfall. When overhead watering is stopped the spread of the disease is often checked.