bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Integrating Science and Engineering Teaching Approach on Students Achievement: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Arshad A. M. , Halim L. , Nasri N. M. 
Published: July 2021

STEM teaching approach has attracted the attention of science educators as a panacea in addressing the deteriorating interest in STEM learning. However, the impact of STEM teaching approach on students’ achievement is scarcely discussed. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of integrating Science and Engineering teaching approach on the achievement of students. This meta-analysis was conducted systematically on articles published between January 2000 to January 2020 which were retrieved from five databases (EBSCOhost, Emerald, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were applied to ensure a rigorous selection of the desired research articles. The data were then assessed using two online statistical effect size calculators. A total of 14 effect sizes were calculated. The overall mean effect size obtained was of high effect (es=2.61). The Engineering Design Process (EDP)(es=3.26, high effect) was the most effective teaching approach in enhancing students’ understanding, as opposed to design-based learning. An implication of the study is that EDP should be the basis for other teaching approaches in SE. Solving and creating tasks encourage application of concepts that then lead to enhancement of achievement.
Signs and Symptoms of Central Nervous System Involvement and Their Pathogenesis in COVID-19 According to The Clinical Data (Review)
Authors: Tsygan N. V. , Trashkov A. P. , Ryabtsev A. V. , Yakovleva V. A. , Konevega A. L. , Vasiliev A. G. , Tsygan V. N. , Odinak M. M. , Litvinenko I. V. 
Published: July 2021

Detailed clinical assessment of the central nervous system involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant due to the low specificity of neurological manifestations, the complexity of evaluation of patient complaints, reduced awareness of the existing spectrum of neurological manifestations of COVID-19, as well as low yield of the neurological imaging.The aim. To reveal the patterns of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 and its pathogenesis based on clinical data.Among more than 200 primary literature sources from various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, etc.), 80 sources were selected for evaluation, of them 72 were published in the recent years (2016-2020). The criteria for exclusion of sources were low relevance and outdated information.The clinical manifestations of central nervous system involvement in COVID-19 include smell (5-98% of cases) and taste disorders (6-89%), dysphonia (28%), dysphagia (19%), consciousness disorders (3-53%), headache (0-70%), dizziness (0-20%), and, in less than 3% of cases, visual impairment, hearing impairment, ataxia, seizures, stroke. Analysis of the literature data revealed the following significant mechanisms of the effects of highly contagious coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) on the central nervous system: neurodegeneration (including cytokine- induced); cerebral thrombosis and thromboembolism; damage to the neurovascular unit; immune-mediated damage of nervous tissue, resulting in infection and allergy-induced demyelination.The neurological signs and symptoms seen in COVID-19 such as headache, dizziness, impaired smell and taste, altered level of consciousness, bulbar disorders (dysphagia, dysphonia) have been examined. Accordingly, we discussed the possible routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system and the mechanisms of nervous tissue damage.Based on the literature analysis, a high frequency and variability of central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19 were revealed, and an important role of vascular brain damage and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 was highlighted.
The Benefits of Reading Aloud for Children: A Review in EFL Context
Authors: Senawati Jennet , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie , Jayantini I Gusti Agung Sri Rwa , Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri , Artini Ni Nyoman 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough reading aloud is an old teaching strategy, its relevance has been vouched by research from time to time. The present study aimed to critically review experts' opinions and results of previous research on the definition and characteristics of reading aloud and its benefits for young children in the EFL contexts by employing George’s (2008) model of literature review. The review revealed that the teacher plays the most crucial role in reading aloud, acting as the bridge between the text and the student's comprehension. A good design of reading aloud demands the teacher’s competence in choosing the text to meet the students’ interest and level; planning the tempo of the reading and the pauses to pose questions and comments; and making connections with the text and the children. Reading aloud benefits children’s English regarding their vocabulary, pronunciation, comprehension, listening skills, reading skills, speaking skills, communicative skills, and motivation, literacy, and critical thinking skills. These results imply that reading aloud is still relevant to be implemented nowadays because of the benefits it brings to children’s English. ABSTRAKMeski sering dianggap metode lama, membaca nyaring memberi banyak manfaat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian kritis terhadap pendapat ahli dan penelitian terdahulu mengenai pengertian, ciri khas, serta manfaat membaca nyaring, dengan mengikuti model penelitian kajian pustaka George (2008). Diungkapkan bahwa guru menjadi penentu kesuksesan kegiatan membaca nyaring sebagai jembatan yang menghubungkan siswa dengan teks yang dibaca. Kegiatan membaca nyaring bergantung pada kemampuan guru untuk memilih teks yang sesuai dengan minat dan kemampuan siswa, serta merancang proses pembacaan terkait tempo dan penempatan jeda untuk memberi komentar, bertanya, maupun membuat kaitan-kaitan antara teks dan siswa. Ahli dan penelitian terdahulu berpendapat bahwa kegiatan membaca nyaring berkontribusi secara positif terhadap siswa terkait pembentukan kosakata, pelafalan, pemahaman, keterampilan mendengar, membaca, berbicara, dan berkomunikasi, serta motivasi, literasi, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis berkomunikasi mereka. Jadi, membaca nyaring sangat relevan diimmplementasikan pada jaman sekarang karena kegiatan ini sangat positif untuk perkembangan Bahasa Inggris siswa.
Retenção escolar: uma análise no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do IFCE
Authors: Silva Holanda Denise de Araújo , Cordeiro Moreira Heloisa Beatriz 
Published: July 2021

A retenção é um fenômeno requer atenção uma vez que interfere no processo ensino aprendizagem e na conclusão dos cursos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a retenção no curso de Licenciatura em Matemática do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE) Campus Cedro. A pesquisa foi de base qualitativa, cujo percurso metodológico incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Adotou-se como técnica de coleta de dados o questionário eletrônico, articulado aos referenciais teóricos priorizados nesse estudo. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta de 43 discentes retidos do curso em análise de um total de 183 matriculados no curso. Os dados após coleta, foram ordenados e classificados através de gráficos, quadros e tabelas. Concluiu-se que a retenção se apresenta como uma problemática complexa, não sendo possível apontar um único fator determinante para ocorrência do fenômeno, tendo origem nos diversos fatores individuais dos estudantes, internos e externos ao ambiente institucional, sendo necessário a elaboração de estratégias para o desenvolvimento de ações para prevenção e acompanhamento dos estudantes retidos.
BRITISH COLONIALISM AND THE INDIRECT RULE: A HIERARCHICAL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE TO CONTROL THE UNRULY TRIBES
Authors: Khan Raid , Salim Asif , Baluch Zarmina , Mehreen Komal , Kaleem Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

Purpose: This paper intends to focus on elaborating on British colonialism and the types of indirect rule. The main purpose of the paper is to dig deep into the matter of how the British controlled the tribal societies and how far they were successful in controlling the tribal people. Indirect rule was designed to serve the interests of the British, whereas the tribes were left independent to deal with their internal affairs. It gives a detailed description of the British policy of controlling the tribes and answering the question of why the British opted for the indirect form of rule.
Method: The research work is qualitative and descriptive in which the already available information and facts about the contents are critically analyzed. Secondary sources such as books, research papers, journals, and online internet materials have been used to collect data related to this topic. The research work is analytical where qualitative techniques have been applied to investigate the major research question. The technique involves exploring different ideas and hypotheses related to ruling different colonies by the imperial administrators.
Main Findings: This study highlights that an indirect form of rule was the best strategy of the British colonial masters to control the unruly tribes. The hierarchical administrative structure which the British devised to control different areas of the world better served their interests where they rely on very few of their officers who controlled and administered the tribes. Another significant finding of the study is that the socio-political and economic underdevelopment in the post-colonial setup is because of the indirect form of rule which the British adopted during the colonization of the tribal regions.
Application of the Study: This study provides guidelines for further research to contemplate the links between indirect rule and the socio-political and economic underdevelopment in the post-colonial tribal areas of the world in general and in the erstwhile FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) of Pakistan in particular.
The Originality of the Study: The study elaborates the concept of colonialism and the indirect rule of the British colonial masters and further explains how the British served their interests. It also linked the colonial legacies that continued in the tribal areas, which hampered their progress and development.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TEACHERS’ PERSONALITY TRAITS AND TEACHERS’ BURNOUT: MODERATING ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Asma Asma , Malik Shakila , Iqbal Zafar , Khan Rahim , Hussain Farooq 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the study: The current study aims to recognize the association between teacher's personality traits and burnout in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current study predicts the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between personality traits & burnout levels of university teachers.
Methodology: Quantitative research method was used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 317 samples of university teachers in District Peshawar, KP, and Pakistan. To check validity KMO & Bartlett's test was used. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to test reliability. Meanwhile, hypotheses were tested through regression analysis and t-tests.
Main Findings: It was indicated that openness to experience and neuroticism personality traits predict emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, extroversion & neuroticism express personal achievement. Emotional intelligence significantly moderates the association between a teacher's personality traits & burnout. Additionally, it was found that female and private sector university teachers were more burnout than male and public sector university teachers.
Applications of the study: This study will add to the present level of understanding of constructs like personality traits, emotional intelligence, and burnout. The findings of this current study will also help university teachers to know about their dominant personality traits, their emotional level of intelligence. The current study results will help stimulate further research.
Novelty/Originality of the study: To our knowledge, there are only fewer amount of research studies on studying the association between teachers' burnout & personality traits in university teachers particularly, in the context of Pakistan. Keeping in view that previous studies were not focused on the role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between the above-mentioned dependent and independent variables.
ASSOCIATION AMONG EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND JOB SATISFACTION OF UNIVERSITY TEACHERS IN DISTRICT CHARSSADA, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Malik Shakila , Asma Asma , Iqbal Zafar , Khan Rahim , Hussain Farooq 
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the research: To cope with the upcoming challenges in the contemporary work environment and especially in organizational features, Emotional intelligence (EI) and Job satisfaction (JS) are taken as main highly interested assumptions by researchers because of serving as a viable role in the personal and organizational life of personals.
Methodology: Quantitative approach with a questionnaire as a research tool having 205 sample sizes was distributed among universities teacher’s in-district Charssada to collect the data. A random sampling technique was used for sample selection. KMO and Bartlett's Test for validity and Cronbach alpha for reliability were used respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis was done by the researchers through descriptive statistics, t-test compression, and multiple regression analysis.
Main Findings: The teacher’s emotional intelligence shown a significant positive correlation with JS. furthermore, various aspects of EI were also explored for correlation with Job satisfaction. Results showed that ‘‘emotion regulation (ER)’’ (B=.362, p<.05) and ‘‘Social skills (SS)’’ (B=.564, p <.05) and self-awareness(SA)’’ (B=0.096, p <.05) have a positive and significant relationship with JS. While the last dimension of emotional intelligence, social-awareness (So-A) (B=0 .30, p >.05) was not found to be related to job satisfaction. Furthermore, ‘emotion regulation (ER)’’ was found to be a suppressor variable in the present research.
Applications of this study: The role of teachers’ emotional intelligence with the background to increase their job satisfaction level will be enlightening through this research. This study will also help university teachers to know their own emotions as well as the others, at the workplace. Results will help stimulate further research. Implications of the findings are discussed for academics and practitioners.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The core message of this study based on the correlative link of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence is that more rational thoughts are needed rather than effective action for teacher’s better performance in the workplace. From a theoretical perspective, the mentioned study focuses on important constructs and taking into account that, limited research is found on these two notions in the Pakistani context. Finding the relationship of emotional intelligence with job satisfaction in public university teachers in Pakistan is the novelty of the study as the research on this spectrum in the local population has not been considered before.
Vowels Reading Of Arabic Present Tense In Yaf’al Form For Lip And Coronal Articulation/ Pembacaan Vokal Pola Fiil Mudhori Yaf’al Bagi Artikulasi Bibir Dan Koronal
Authors: Mohamad Isa Abdul Azim , Ismail Zawawi , Jamali Hairun Najuwah , Nordin Fitri Nurul’ain 
Published: July 2021

The Arabic vowel consists of three main vowels namely /a/ (fathah), the vowel /i/ (kasrah), and the vowel /u/ (dhammah). This study aims to analyze the vowels of the Arabic present tense in the pattern' af'al which is determined by the arrangement of letters. This study also aims to help read active verbs of yaf’al Arabic among Arabic language students who have difficulty determining the correct vowel of the three vowel fractions. In addition, this study can help linguists in general and Arabic in particular to determine the vowel reading of the letter 'ain (ع) on the active verb pattern of modern Arabic' af'al which is divided into vowels / a / (fathah), vowel /i/ (kasrah), and the vowel /u/ (dammah). This study uses a qualitative method. Samples of this study were taken from Al-Khalil dictionary as well as al-Ma'aniy online dictionary. Only three syllable active verbs are analyzed as the three syllable active verbs in Arabic will change to three different vowels when in the verb tense. The analysis is focused on the arrangement of the letters' ain (ع) in the past tense verb. Clearly, the study's findings have shown that the arrangement of 'ain (ع) on the active Arabic verb of the past affects the vowel on the 'ain (ع) active verb of the present Arabic. At the same time, this study provides an alternative that shows that the vowels at the letter 'ain (ع) of the active Arabic verb of the present time are non-random.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAREER LADDER AND NURSES JOB SATISFACTION AT A HOSPITAL
Authors: Saputri Ekawati , Pasinringi Syahrir A , Ake Julianus 
Published: July 2021

Background: Career ladder is given to nurses to encourage and maintain professional development and practice of nursing. Career ladder has an impact on raising clinical levels, promotion opportunities, competency complexity, rewards and recognition. In this study, the career ladder has started by mapping and conducting, credentials and competency assessment at the levels of pre Nurse Clinicians, Nurse Clinicians Level I and Nurse Clinicians Level II. Almost half of the nurses were dissatisfied (47.2%) with their career development.Aims: This study was to analyzed the relationship between the career ladder and nurses’ job satisfaction.Methods: This study was a quantitative correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. There were 108 nurses as samples selected using consecutive sampling techniques. These respondent who met the inclusion criteria came from Inpatient Room, (i.e VVIP, VIP, Class I, Class 2/3, Ophthalmology Inpatient), Polyclinic, Chemotherapy Unit, NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), ICU (Intensive Care Unit), Hemodialysis, Emergency room and COT (Centra Operation Theater). Data were analyzed using the Spearman test.Results: There was a significant relationship between career ladder (p=0.000) and nurse’ job satisfaction. The nurse were satisfied with her career development related to implementation of career ladder. Besides, career ladder allowed to be promoted as the heads of the rooms. Rewards and recognition of nurses’ competencies through job promotion affected nurses’ satisfaction.Conclusion: Career ladder affects nurse satisfaction. Nurses can advance their careers through a career promotion, competencies, rewards and recognition from other health professionals. Support from nurse manager is needed as a form of mentoring and evaluation of nurse performance in the career ladder. Keywords: career ladder, job satisfaction, nurses
EXAMINING THE GATEWAY HYPOTHESIS OF DRUG USE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Saloko Aryo Galih , Manzilati Asfi 
Published: July 2021

Background: Drug misuse is a global threat, including in Indonesia. Solving issues of drug use is by understanding the drug patterns. One of the important concepts related to public policy in drug addiction is the gateway hypothesis. However, not all researchers support this theory as the initation of drug use is debatable in terms of how a person starts to consume tobacco and alcohol, marijuana, and then other drugs.Aim: This study identified a initiation sequence of drug use, particularly the gateway from soft to hard drugs and its reverse from hard to soft drug patterns.Methods: This study employed a dataset of drug user patients aged 14–67 years from the Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Board in 2014-2018. The dataset was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Purposive sampling was utilized in the sample selection. The dataset was divided into three subsamples to identify the pattern. The subsamples included regular soft-drug users, regular intermediate-drug users, and regular hard-drug users. This study used a quantitative method and cross-tabulation approach along with descriptive statistics.Results: Most of the drug users began consuming intermediate drugs and then soft drugs. Only early users followed the gateway pattern, while those in the intermediate and hard drug pattern mostly did not have the gateway pattern.Conclusion: A policy about prevention of soft drug use (marijuana) in early use may be effective to reduce harder drug use in the future.Keywords: drug use, gateway hypothesis, reversal pattern
Perkembangan Dakwah Muhammadiyah di Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Rifai Imran 
Published: July 2021

Muhammadiyah sebagai salah satu organisasi masyarakat keagamaan memiliki misi melakukan perubahan dalam kehidupan umat Islam kepada kondisi yang lebih baik. Melalui strategi amar ma’ruf nahi munkar sebagai dasar gerakan, Muhammadiyah bertujuan untuk memurnikan kembali ajaran Islam yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh hal-hal mistis. Termasuk yang terjadi di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao, keadaan masyarakat masih dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme dengan praktik-praktik ibadah yang penuh dengan bid’ah, khurafat, takhyul dan syirik. Seiring dengan berdirinya Muhammadiyah, perlahan tapi pasti selalu memberikan bimbingan dan pencerahan dengan metode dakwah berdasarkan Al quran dan Hadis. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, teknik analisis data yakni pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Tulisan ini fokus pada sejarah berdirinya Muhammadiyah serta pengaruh pemikiran dakwah Muhammadiyah di Kecamatan Tombolo Pao Kabupaten Gowa. Implikasinya, dakwah yang dilakukan Muhammadiyah melalui berbagai sektor dan sasaran dakwah bisa dianut oleh organisasi masyarakat keagamaan lainnya, supaya diterima kalangan masyarakat luas seperti halnya yang terjadi di Tombolo Pao.***Muhammadiyah as one of the religious community organizations has a mission to make changes in the lives of Muslims to a better condition. Through the strategy of amar ma'ruf nahi munkar as the basis of the movement, Muhammadiyah aims to purify the teachings of Islam which are heavily influenced by mystical things. Including what happened in Tombolo Pao District, the condition of the community is still influenced by animistic beliefs and dynamism with worship practices that are full of heresy, superstition and shirk. Along with the establishment of Muhammadiyah, slowly but surely always provide guidance and enlightenment with da'wah methods based on the Qur'an and Hadith. This type of research uses qualitative methods, data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. This paper focuses on the history of the founding of Muhammadiyah and the influence of Muhammadiyah's da'wah thought in Tombolo Pao District, Gowa Regency. The implication is that the da'wah carried out by Muhammadiyah through various sectors and targets of da'wah can be embraced by other religious community organizations, so that it is accepted by the wider community as happened in Tombolo Pao.