bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of γH2AX and phospho-histone H3 following pulse treatment of TK6 cells provides insights into clastogenic activity
Authors: Bryce Steven M , Dertinger Stephen D , Bemis Jeffrey C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The desire for in vitro genotoxicity assays to provide higher information content, especially regarding chemicals’ predominant genotoxic mode of action, has led to the development of a novel multiplexed assay available under the trade name MultiFlow®. We report here on an experimental design variation that provides further insight into clastogens’ genotoxic activity. First, the standard MultiFlow DNA Damage Assay—p53, γ H2AX, phospho-histone H3 was used with human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells that were exposed for 24 continuous hours to each of 50 reference clastogens. This initial analysis correctly identified 48/50 compounds as clastogenic. These 48 compounds were then evaluated using a short-term, ‘pulse’ treatment protocol whereby cells were exposed to test chemical for 4 h, a centrifugation/washout step was performed, and cells were allowed to recover for 20 h. MultiFlow analyses were accomplished at 4 and 24 h. The γ H2AX and phospho-histone H3 biomarkers were found to exhibit distinct differences in terms of their persistence across chemical classes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis identified three groups. Examination of the compounds within these groups showed one cluster primarily consisting of alkylators that directly target DNA. The other two groups were dominated by non-DNA alkylators and included anti-metabolites, oxidative stress inducers and chemicals that inhibit DNA-processing enzymes. These results are encouraging, as they suggest that a simple follow-up test for in vitro clastogens provides mechanistic insights into their genotoxic activity. This type of information will contribute to improve decision-making and help guide further testing.
A Cohort Study on Prognostic Factors for Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Success in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Di Long , Wang Christopher P , Shah Ashish H , Eichberg Daniel G , Semonche Alexa M , Sanjurjo Alexander D , Luther Evan M , Jermakowicz Walter J , Komotar Ricardo J , Ivan Michael E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a promising approach for cytoreduction of deep-seated gliomas. However, parameters contributing to treatment success remain unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To identify extent of ablation (EOA) and time to chemotherapy (TTC) as predictors of improved overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) and suggest laser parameters to achieve optimal EOA.

METHODS
Demographic, clinical, and survival data were collected retrospectively from 20 patients undergoing LITT for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM). EOA was calculated through magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression were used to examine the relationship between EOA with OS and PFS accounting for covariates (age, isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutation, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase hypermethylation). The effect of laser thermodynamic parameters (power, energy, time) on EOA was identified through linear regression.

RESULTS
Median OS and PFS for the entire cohort were 36.2 and 3.5 mo respectively. Patient's with >70% EOA had significantly improved PFS compared to ≤70% EOA (5.2 vs 2.3 mo, P = .01) and trended toward improved OS (36.2 vs 11 mo, P = .07) on univariate and multivariate analysis. Total laser power was a significant predictor for increased EOA when accounting for preoperative lesion volume (P = .001). Chemotherapy within 16 d of surgery significantly predicted improved PFS compared to delaying chemotherapy (9.4 vs 3.1 mo, P = .009).

CONCLUSION
Increased EOA was a predictor of improved PFS with evidence of a trend toward improved OS in LITT treatment of nGBM. A strategy favoring higher laser power during tumor ablation may achieve optimal EOA. Early transition to chemotherapy after LITT improves PFS.
The Infratemporal Retro-Eustachian Transposition of the Temporoparietal Fascial Flap for Clival Reconstruction After Endoscopic Endonasal Approach: An Anatomic Conceptual Technique
Authors: Cecchini Giulio , Truong Huy Q , Di Biase Francesco , Musio Antonio , Miranda Juan C Fernandez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Reconstruction after endoscopic endonasal approaches is a key element. Lower clivus reconstruction is difficult and most of the times a pedicled flap is not available. As the complexity and the dimensions of the exposure increase, a reliable reconstruction technique becomes more and more important.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the anatomic and technical nuances of the transposition of the temporoparietal fascial flap for lower clivus reconstruction.

METHODS
A specific temporoparietal fascial flap (TPFF) design and tunneling technique has been studied using 4 head specimens, microscopic and endoscopic surgical techniques, and neuronavigation.

RESULTS
The L-shaped flap offers several advantages. It can be tunneled directly toward the lower clivus passing through the infratemporal fossa.

CONCLUSION
The infratemporal retro-eustachian transposition of an L-shaped TPFF provides a vascularized tissue virtually without dimension limits. This is the only technique that allows the flap to be tunneled directly in the lower clivus with the most vascular portion being at the bottom of the defect. Clinical validation is still required since more issues may become relevant in a real-surgery setting. Though, due to its possible complications, this methodology needs further testing and should not be attempted in less experienced hands.
Two-Level Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy and Foraminotomy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Srinivasan Ethan S , Crutcher Clifford L , Wang Timothy Y , Grossi Peter M , Than Khoi D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Minimally invasive lumbar laminectomies utilize tubular retractors to minimize tissue disturbance, blood loss, and hospital length of stay compared to open operations. Here, we highlight the operative treatment of a 68-yr-old male entailing a 2-level minimally invasive lumbar laminectomy and foraminotomy at L2-L3 and L3-L4. The patient initially presented with symptoms of treatment-refractory lower extremity numbness and limited ambulation. His imaging demonstrated coronal scoliosis and severe lumbar central and foraminal stenosis at L2-L3 and L3-L4, with enlarged spinous processes, laminae, and facets. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of their image. The operation proceeded with the patient in a prone position with paramedian dissection to the lamina through a minimally invasive tubular retractor. Laminectomies and foraminotomies were performed at each level with high-speed drill and a Kerrison rongeur, with care to identify and protect the relevant spinal nerve roots. Postoperatively, the patient reported significantly reduced numbness and improved ambulation, with a well-healed surgical incision notably smaller than those produced in an open operation.
Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Can Target the Thalamic “Sweet Spot” for Improving Neuropathic Dental Pain
Authors: Krüger Marie T , Avecillas-Chasin Josue M , Heran Manraj K S , Naseri Yashar , Sandhu Mini K , Polyhronopoulos Nancy E , Sarai Natasha , Honey Christopher R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neuropathic dental pain (NDP) is a chronic pain condition that is notoriously difficult to treat. To date, there are no deep brain stimulation (DBS) studies on this specific pain condition and no optimal target or “sweet spot” has ever been defined.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the optimal thalamic target for improving this condition by utilizing the steering abilities of a directional DBS electrode (Vercise CartesiaTM Model DB-2202-45, Boston Scientific)

METHODS
A literature search and review of our database identified 3 potential thalamic targets. A directional lead was implanted in a patient with NDP and its current steering used to test the effects in each nucleus. The patient reported her pain after 2 wk of stimulation in a prospective randomized blinded trial of one. Quality of life measurements were performed before and after 3 mo on their best setting.

RESULTS
We identified 3 potential nuclei: the centromedian (CM), ventral posterior medial (VPM), and anterior pulvinar. The best results were during VPM stimulation (>90% reduction in pain) and CM stimulation (50% reduction). Following 3 mo of VPM-DBS in combination of lateral CM stimulation, their pain disability index dropped (from 25 to 0) and short form 36 improved (from 67.5 to 90).

CONCLUSION
VPM stimulation in combination with CM stimulation is a promising target for NDP. DBS electrode directionality can be used to test multiple targets and select a patient specific “sweet spot” for NDP treatment.
Implementation of close contact elicitation at the time of COVID-19 testing—Atlanta, GA, October–November 2020
Authors: Yoon Jane C , Prieto Juliana , Shah Sarita , Clark Javarrio , Chamberlain Allison , Holland David P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Contact tracing during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the USA has been met with various challenges. In an attempt to improve the yield of close contact collection, the Fulton County Board of Health implemented a pilot approach to contact elicitation at the time of testing.

Methods
Between October and November 2020, close contacts were elicited from persons under investigation (PUIs) at one COVID-19 testing site in Fulton County, GA. Secure online data collection forms were used to record PUI demographic data, close contact information and reasons for not providing contacts.

Results
Of 1238 PUIs, 48% reported at least one contact. Among the 66 people who tested positive, 16 (24%) reported contacts compared to 578/1165 (50%) who tested negative. PUIs of increasing age were less likely to provide contacts; Black and Hispanic PUIs were also less likely to report any contacts compared to White and Asian PUIs.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that PUIs testing positive were less likely to provide contacts compared to PUIs testing negative. Age and racial differences were also noted in the provision of contacts. Further investigation is needed to understand these discrepancies in order to devise more effective strategies for contact elicitation.
Environmental scanning perspective: The moderating effects of organizational risk and government subsidy in innovation search process
Authors: Bo Qingwen , Zou Bo , Guo Feng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrom environmental scanning perspective, this study examines the mediated relationship among organizational slack (OS), open innovation search (IS), and high-tech small and medium enterprises (SMEs) performance. We also propose that this mediated relationship is moderated by organizational risk (OR) and government subsidy (GS). We tested our model by using a sample of 244 high-tech SMEs. Our empirical results indicate that open IS partially mediates the positive relationship between OS and SMEs’ performance, and the mediated relationship is strengthened by OR and GS. These findings offer important implications for both SMEs and government to effectively promote firm performance.
Mobility, Inequality, and Beliefs About Distribution and Redistribution
Authors: Wilson George , Roscigno Vincent , Sauer Carsten , Petersen Nick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClassic theory has long been interested in mobility, but with limited attention to the implications of intergenerational movement for inequality-specific beliefs. In this article, we introduce a dynamic conception and modeling of the impact of intergenerational occupational mobility on inequality orientations generally and distributive and redistributive beliefs in particular. The diagonal models we employ using 2008–2010 General Social Survey samples—modeling that considers intergenerational occupational origin and destination, and that is replicated on a larger sample across three waves of the GSS—reveal strong conservatizing effects of mobility overall. Those who occupationally fall relative to their parents, although somewhat more progressive by virtue of the downward mobility experience, tend to cling more so to the conservative beliefs characteristic of their higher status origins. Those experiencing mobility gains, in contrast, usually adopt the more conservative orientations of those who they are now surrounded by and in ways that legitimize individual efforts. These patterns are notably pronounced compared to other aspects of one’s job, political affiliation, and status-related attributes; are somewhat stronger among men than women; and differ significantly for Blacks. We elaborate and conclude by highlighting the need for a mobility-centered corrective to sociological understandings of inequality beliefs and how workplace-related experiences in particular shape ideological leanings.
Effects of nocturnal wearing of dentures on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality in edentate elders with untreated sleep apnea: a randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Emami Elham , Lavigne Gilles , Feine Jocelyne S , Karp Igor , Rompré Pierre H , Almeida Fernanda R , Huynh Nelly T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study aims to assess whether the nocturnal wear of dentures has an effect on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality of life of the edentulous elderly with untreated sleep apnea.

Methods
A single-blind randomized cross-over design with two sequences and two periods was used. Participants (n = 77) were randomly assigned either to sequence 1 (nocturnal wear followed by nocturnal nonwear of the denture for 30–30 days) or sequence 2 (nocturnal nonwear followed by nocturnal wear of denture for 30–30 days). The primary sleep outcome was the quality of sleep, assessed through sleep fragmentation measured as Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) and respiratory arousal from portable polysomnography. Secondary outcomes were daytime sleepiness, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and oral-health-related quality of life measured by validated questionnaires.

Results
The mean paired difference in AHI scores for the period of wearing versus not wearing dentures at night was small 1.0 event per hour (p = 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.0 to 4.1). The mean respiratory arousal index was higher when wearing dentures at night than when not wearing dentures at night, with a mean paired difference of 2.3 events per hour (p = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.0 to 4.6). No difference in sleepiness and PSQI were noted. Wearing dentures at night resulted in a statistically significantly higher mean score of psychological discomfort when compared to not wearing dentures at night.

Conclusions
The results provide some support to usual practice guidelines to remove dentures at night in edentulous elders suffering from sleep apnea.

Clinical trial registration
NCT01868295.
Criminalized or Medicalized? Examining the Role of Race in Responses to Drug Use
Authors: Lindsay Sadé L , Vuolo Mike 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDrug policy has shifted from intense criminalization toward reforms that prioritize decarceration and treatment. Despite this shift, little is known about whether support for recent treatment-oriented drug policy is equitable by users’ race and the drug type. Using the opiate and crack cocaine crises as cases, we analyze 400 articles from the New York Times and Washington Post to assess the degree to which the two crises were racialized, criminalized, and medicalized. We find that media coverage medicalized and humanized White people who use opiates, while coverage of crack cocaine focused on criminalization, vilifying Black people who use drugs. We then conduct two vignette experiments (N=308; N=630) to examine whether these racialized frames shape public support for treatment or criminalization. We find the public more likely to support criminalization for Black people, while supporting drug treatment for White people. Respondents are more likely to support drug treatment for heroin use than for crack cocaine. Our findings suggest that support for medicalized approaches to drug use is more likely to occur for White people and drugs linked to White people, while Black people and drugs associated with Black people continue to be perceived as largely amenable to punitive options.
Using Natural Language Processing to Automatically Assess Feedback Quality: Findings From 3 Surgical Residencies
Authors: Ötleş Erkin , Kendrick Daniel E. , Solano Quintin P. , Schuller Mary , Ahle Samantha L. , Eskender Mickyas H. , Carnes Emily , George Brian C. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Learning is markedly improved with high-quality feedback, yet assuring the quality of feedback is difficult to achieve at scale. Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms may be useful in this context as they can automatically classify large volumes of narrative data. However, it is unknown if NLP models can accurately evaluate surgical trainee feedback. This study evaluated which NLP techniques best classify the quality of surgical trainee formative feedback recorded as part of a workplace assessment.

Method
During the 2016–2017 academic year, the SIMPL (Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning) app was used to record operative performance narrative feedback for residents at 3 university-based general surgery residency training programs. Feedback comments were collected for a sample of residents representing all 5 postgraduate year levels and coded for quality. In May 2019, the coded comments were then used to train NLP models to automatically classify the quality of feedback across 4 categories (effective, mediocre, ineffective, or other). Models included support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression, gradient boosted trees, naive Bayes, and random forests. The primary outcome was mean classification accuracy.

Results
The authors manually coded the quality of 600 recorded feedback comments. Those data were used to train NLP models to automatically classify the quality of feedback across 4 categories. The NLP model using an SVM algorithm yielded a maximum mean accuracy of 0.64 (standard deviation, 0.01). When the classification task was modified to distinguish only high-quality vs low-quality feedback, maximum mean accuracy was 0.83, again with SVM.

Conclusions
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the use of NLP for classifying feedback quality. SVM NLP models demonstrated the ability to automatically classify the quality of surgical trainee evaluations. Larger training datasets would likely further increase accuracy.
Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 for Short-term Management of Essential Hypertension Compared With ARBs: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yang Shuai , Zhang Hongzhou , Yang Pingping , Wang Chenxi , Wu Qinghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Whether LCZ696 (neprilysin inhibitor + valsartan) has greater advantages of blood pressure (BP) lowering than angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) is unclear. To provide more detailed information about the benefits of LCZ696, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LCZ696 for short-term management of hypertension compared with ARBs. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, using relevant keywords. We used a random or fixed effects model to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) of changes in BP and the risk ratio (RR) for BP control rates and adverse events (AEs). In this meta-analysis, 9 studies were incorporated. Compared with ARBs, LCZ696 revealed a significant reduction in mean sitting systolic BP [msSBP; WMD −4.79 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI): −5.46 to −4.11 mm Hg], mean sitting diastolic BP (msDBP; WMD −2.12 mm Hg; 95% CI: −2.53 to −1.71 mm Hg), mean sitting pulse pressure (msPP; WMD −2.79 mm Hg; 95% CI: −3.52 to −2.07 mm Hg), and mean ambulatory pulse pressure (maPP; WMD −2.96 mm Hg; 95% CI: −3.35 to −2.57 mm Hg). LCZ696 had a higher BP control rate than ARBs (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.73). There was no significant difference between LCZ696 and ARBs in the incidence of AEs (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.25) and discontinuations because of AEs (RR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.32). Overall, in short-term treatment, LCZ696 has greater advantages of antihypertensive efficacy and the safety is not inferior to ARBs. Further long-term studies are required to rule out the potential risks of beta amyloid accumulation and the potential for Alzheimer's disease.
Intentional and unintentional non-adherence to social distancing measures during COVID-19: A mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Eraso Yolanda , Hills Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial distancing measures implemented by governments worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic have proven an effective intervention to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. There is a growing literature on predictors of adherence behaviours to social distancing measures, however, there are no comprehensive insights into the nature and types of non-adherence behaviours. To address this gap in the literature, we studied non-adherence in terms of counts of infringements and people’s accounts on their behaviours in a representative sample of North London residents. We focused on the following social distancing rules: keeping 2 mts. distancing, meeting family and friends, and going out for non-essential reasons.A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was used comprising an online survey (1st– 31stMay 2020) followed by semi-structured in-depth interviews held with a purposive sample of survey respondents (5thAugust – 21stSeptember 2020). A negative binomial regression model (quantitative) and Framework Analysis (qualitative) were undertaken.681 individuals completed the survey, and 30 individuals were interviewed. We integrated survey and interview findings following three levels of the Social Ecological model: individual, interpersonal and community levels. We identified non-adherence behaviours as unintentional (barriers beyond individual’s control) and intentional (deliberate decision). Unintentional adherence was associated with and reported as emotional inability to stay at home, lack of controllability in keeping 2 mts. distancing, social responsibility towards the community and feeling low risk. Intentional non-adherence included individual risk assessment and decision-making on the extent to following the rules, support from friends, and perceived lack of adherence in the local area. Our findings indicate that unintentional and intentional non-adherence should be improved by Government partnerships with local communities to build trust in social distancing measures; tailored messaging to young adults emphasising the need of protecting others whilst clarifying the risk of transmission; and ensuring COVID-secured environments by working with environmental health officers.