bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of night‐time and exercise‐associated lower limb cramps in healthy adults
Authors: Hawke Fiona , McKay Marnee J. , Baldwin Jennifer N. , Chiu Simon , Sadler Sean , Oldmeadow Christopher , Chuter Vivienne , Burns Joshua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWe explored correlates of night‐time and exercise‐associated lower limb cramps in participants of the 1000 Norms Project.MethodsA volunteer community sample of healthy people aged ≥18 y underwent assessment of motor function and physical performance, and were questioned about muscle cramps in the previous 3 mo.ResultsOf 491 (221 female) participants age 18–101 y (mean: 59.12; SD: 18.03), about 1 in 3 experienced night‐time lower limb cramps, and about 1 in 4 experienced exercise‐associated lower limb cramps. For night‐cramps, a one unit increase in Beighton score (greater whole‐body flexibility) was associated with a 31% reduced odds of cramps (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.45, 0.99) and passing all three lesser‐toe strength tests was associated with 50% reduced odds of cramps (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.78). For exercise‐associated cramps, participants in the fourth (lowest arch) quartile of Foot Posture Index were 2.1 times (95% CI: 1.11, 3.95) more likely to experience cramps than participants in the first (highest arch) quartile. Odds of experiencing both types of cramps versus no cramps were lower with passing all three lesser‐toe strength tests (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.85) and better performance in the six‐minute walk test (OR = 0.997, 95% CI: 0.996, 0.998).DiscussionPeople who experienced both exercise‐associated and night‐time cramps were less functional. The association between night‐time cramps with less whole‐body flexibility and reduced lesser‐toe flexor strength should be explored to determine causation. Planovalgus (low‐arched) foot type was independently associated with exercise‐associated cramps. The effectiveness of foot orthoses for secondary prevention of exercise‐associated cramps in people with low‐arched feet should be explored.
Percentage of Gleason pattern 4 and tumor volume predict adverse pathological stage and margin status at radical prostatectomy in grade Group 2 and grade Group 3 prostate cancers
Authors: Iakymenko Oleksii A. , Lugo Isabella , Briski Laurence M. , Nemov Ivan , Punnen Sanoj , Kwon Deukwoo , Pollack Alan , Stoyanova Radka , Parekh Dipen J. , Jorda Merce , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Kryvenko Oleksandr N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing percentages of Gleason pattern 4 (GP4%) in radical prostatectomy (RP) correlate with an increased likelihood of nonorgan‐confined disease and earlier biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, there are no detailed RP studies assessing the impact of GP4% and corresponding tumor volume (TV) on extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle (SV) invasion (SV+), and positive surgical margin (SM) status (SM+).MethodsIn 1301 consecutive RPs, we analyzed each tumor nodule (TN) for TV, Grade Group (GG), presence of focal versus nonfocal EPE, SV+ , and SM+. Using GG1 (GP4% = 0) TNs as a reference, we recorded GP4% for all GG2 or GG3 TNs. We performed a multivariable analysis (MVA) using a mixed effects logistic regression that tested significant variables for risk of EPE, SV+, and SM+, as well as a multinomial logistic regression model that tested significant variables for risks of nonorgan‐confined disease (pT2+, pT3a, and pT3b) versus organ‐confined disease (pT2).ResultsWe identified 3231 discrete TNs ranging from 1 to 7 (median: 2.5) per RP. These included GG1 (n = 2115), GG2 (n = 818), GG3 (n = 274), and GG4 (n = 24) TNs. Increasing GP4% weakly paralleled increasing TV (tau = 0.07, p < .001). In MVA, increasing GP4% and TV predicted a greater likelihood of EPE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03 and 4.41), SV+ (OR: 1.03 and 3.83), and SM+ (1.01, p = .01 and 2.83), all p < .001. Our multinomial logistic regression model demonstrated an association between GP4% and the risk of EPE (i.e., pT3a and pT3b disease), as well as an association between TV and risk of upstaging (all p < .001).ConclusionsBoth GP4% and TV are independent predictors of adverse pathological stage and margin status at RP. However, the risks for adverse outcomes associated with GP4% are marginal, while those for TV are strong. The prognostic significance of GP4% on BCR‐free survival has not been studied controlling for TV and other adverse RP findings. Whether adverse pathological stage and margin status associated with larger TV could decrease BCR‐free survival to a greater extent than increasing RP GP4% remains to be studied.
PK/PD modeling analysis for dosing regimen selection of isatuximab as single agent and in combination therapy in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Koiwai Kimiko , El‐Cheikh Raouf , Thai Hoai‐Thu , Brillac Claire , Fau Jean‐Baptiste , Veyrat‐Follet Christine , Risse Marie‐Laure , van de Velde Helgi , Semiond Dorothée , Nguyen Laurent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis analysis describes the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling framework that supported selection of the isatuximab (anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody) dosing regimen alongside its early clinical development in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The PK/PD mathematical model characterized the variations of patient serum M‐protein concentrations, the primary marker of tumor burden in multiple myeloma (MM). Three separate PK/PD models were built sequentially as data became available from phase I clinical trials. The primary PK/PD analysis was initiated using monotherapy phase I study data (n = 122), followed by analysis of data collected from phase Ib combination studies with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd, n = 40) and then with pomalidomide and dexamethasone (Pd, n = 31). Using the PK/PD model, abnormal “myeloma” protein (M‐protein) profiles under different isatuximab dosing regimens were simulated. Overall, simulations revealed that regimens which included a loading period of four weekly administrations followed by administration every 2 weeks thereafter (QW4‐Q2W), reduced M‐protein levels more than a Q2W regimen without a loading period. For isatuximab monotherapy, a 20 mg/kg dose induced greater reduction in serum M‐protein levels compared with doses equal or lower than 10 mg/kg. For isatuximab in combination with either Rd or Pd, simulations yielded no substantial benefit in terms of M‐protein reduction between isatuximab 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. These PK/PD analyses supported the use of isatuximab 10 mg/kg QW4‐Q2W in combination with Pd in the phase III trial.
The influence of cations on the dipole moments of neighboring polar molecules
Authors: Bakó Imre , Csókás Dániel , Mayer István , Pothoczki Szilvia , Pusztai László 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article we show how the dipole moment of a single molecule in a cluster can be calculated and used for describing the polarization effect. Additionally, we review the accuracy of the calculation of the dipole moment of several simple protic and aprotic molecules. It is shown that the dipole moment of polar (water, methanol, formamide, acetone and acetonitrile) molecules in the neighborhood of a cation is increased primarily by polarization from the bare electrostatic charge of the cation, although the effective value of the latter is somewhat reduced by “back donation” of electrons from neighboring polar molecules. In other words, the classical picture may be viewed as if a point charge slightly smaller than the nominal charge of the cation would be placed at the cation site. It was found that the geometrical arrangement of the polar molecules in the first solvation shell is such that their mutual polarization reduces the dipole moments of individual molecules, so that in some cases they become smaller than the dipole moment of the free protic or aprotic molecule. We conjecture, for the first time, that this behavior, namely the about 10%–20% decrease of the dipole moment of water in the first shell of cations, with the cation itself removed, is essentially a manifestation of the Le Chatelier–Braun principle. We also remark that if the cation‐molecule bond order is too large then the calculated dipole moment for these complexes can be questionable, due to the questionable definition of a single molecule within the “supermolecule”‐like cluster.
Spin Pumping and Inverse Spin Hall Effect in Iridium Oxide
Authors: Sahoo Biswajit , Roy Koustuv , Gupta Pushpendra , Mishra Abhisek , Satpati Biswarup , Singh Braj Bhusan , Bedanta Subhankar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLarge spin‐to‐charge conversion (spin Hall angle) and spin Hall conductivity are prerequisites for development of next generation power efficient spintronic devices. In this context, heavy metals (e.g., Pt, W, etc.), topological insulators, and antiferromagnets are usually considered because they exhibit high spin–orbit coupling (SOC). In addition to the above materials, 5d transition metal oxide, for example, iridium oxide (IrO2) is a potential candidate which exhibits high SOC strength. Here a study of spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE), via ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), in IrO2/CoFeB system is reported. By investigating the in‐plane angular dependence of the ISHE voltage, the individual contribution of spin pumping and other spin rectification effects in the magnetic layer is identified. The authors' analysis shows significant contribution of spin pumping effect to the ISHE signal. It is shown that polycrystalline IrO2 thin film exhibits high spin Hall conductivity and spin Hall angle which are comparable to the values of Pt.
Primary pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma: an unusual cause of pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: Smyth Robert , Sloan John Mark , Burks Eric , Hawkins Finn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrimary pulmonary extra‐nodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), also known as bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT lymphoma), is the most common primary pulmonary lymphoma but is rare (<1%) among all non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and among pulmonary neoplasms in general. We herein report the case of a 59‐year‐old male who presented with stable exertional dyspnoea and persistent lung infiltrates who was referred to our hospital for further assessment. A computed tomography (CT)‐guided core biopsy was performed showing a dense lymphoid infiltrate, with further testing revealing the diagnosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. This uncommon lung tumour is usually seen in older adults and typically associated with a relatively indolent course. Rituximab, an anti‐CD20 antibody, has been shown to be effective in up to 70% of cases.
Exercise intolerance due to chronotropic incompetence uncovered by cardiopulmonary exercise test: an often overlooked manifestation of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Ho Sharlene , Qi Danqing , Tan Geak Poh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 60‐year‐old delivery man was referred for evaluation of unexplained exertional dyspnoea despite initial non‐diagnostic investigations, including pulmonary function tests and dobutamine stress echocardiography. A symptom‐limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) revealed chronotropic incompetence (CI), reduced oxygen uptake (VO2)/work slope at moderate–high workload, and ST‐segment depression on recovery electrocardiogram. Coronary angiogram confirmed severe stenosis in right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery, for which he underwent percutaneous coronary stenting and cardiac rehabilitation. An interval CPET showed improvement in heart rate (HR) response and aerobic capacity. CI is characterized by an attenuated HR response to incremental exercise or an increased HR reserve despite maximal effort. Clinically, it is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. CI is frequently overlooked, highlighting the importance of CPET in the diagnostic workup of unexplained dyspnoea.
Estimating value‐at‐risk models for non‐conventional equity market index
Authors: Baig Ahmed S. , Butt Hassan A. , Khalid Rizwan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) forecasts for non‐conventional (i.e., Islamic) equity markets using various time‐varying volatility models. Recent evidence suggests that volatility shifts in returns cause non‐normality by significantly increasing kurtosis. Consequently, we endogenously detect significant shifts in the volatility of our Islamic equity market index returns and incorporate this information into selected models to estimate the downside risk. Our results show that the best forecast is generated by the dynamic quantile regression (DQR) model that does not make any specific assumptions about the underlying returns distribution. We also show the economic implications of our findings by calculating daily capital charges under Basel II Accord.
Atomically Structural Regulations of Carbon‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Han Shu‐Guo , Ma Dong‐Dong , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) converting CO2into value‐added chemicals and fuels to realize carbon recycling is a solution to the problem of renewable energy shortage and environmental pollution. Among all the catalysts, the carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal atoms immobilized on conductive carbon substrates have shown significant potential toward CO2RR, which intrigues researchers to explore high‐performance SACs for fuel and chemical production by CO2RR. Especially, regulating the coordination structures of the metal centers and the microenvironments of the substrates in carbon‐based SACs has emerged as an effective strategy for the tailoring of their CO2RR catalytic performance. In this review, the current in situ/operando study techniques and the fundamental parameters for CO2RR performance are first briefly presented. Furthermore, the recent advances in synthetic strategies which regulate the atomic structures of the carbon‐based SACs, including heteroatom coordination, coordination numbers, diatomic metal centers, and the microenvironments of substrates are summarized. In particular, the structure‐performance relationship of the SACs toward CO2RR is highlighted. Finally, the inevitable challenges for SACs are outlined and further research directions toward CO2RR are presented from the perspectives.
A revision of Vernicomacanthus Miles with comments on the characters of stem‐group chondrichthyans
Authors: Dearden Richard P. , den Blaauwen Jan L. , Sansom Ivan J. , Burrow Carole J. , Davidson Robert G. , Newman Michael J. , Ko Andy , Brazeau Martin D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe ‘acanthodian’ fishes provide key anatomical insights into the deepest branches of the chondrichthyan stem group. We review the anatomy of the acanthodian Vernicomacanthus uncinatus from the Lochkovian (Lower Devonian, 419.2–410.8 Ma) of Scotland based on eight articulated fossils, one of which is newly described. Broadly, the anatomy of V. uncinatus fits with that of contemporaneous acanthodians such as Climatius and Parexus, with a head covered by robust tesserae, an enlarged postorbital scale, an armoured shoulder girdle, and many pairs of ventrolateral spines. However, it departs from this anatomy in key respects. Its pectoral fin spines are obliquely ridged and posteriorly denticulated, similarly to Carboniferous gyracanth stem‐group chondrichthyans. Its scales consist of multiple anteroposteriorly aligned odontodes, similarly to many Palaeozoic ‘sharks’. And its endoskeletal shoulder girdle may have a posterolateral angle, previously observed only in shark‐like chondrichthyans. We propose that the differences between V. uncinatus and its congeneric, V. waynensis, which include potentially phylogenetically significant characters of the shoulder girdle and spines, are sufficient to erect a new genus for V. waynensis: Dobunnacanthus gen. nov. The scales of Vernicomacanthus are identical to those of the ‘shark’ scale genus Altholepis, suggesting that some such scales may instead belong to taxa with acanthodian‐like gross anatomies. Based on these scales we highlight potential patterns in chondrichthyan scale evolution, in particular the axial addition of odontodes. Anatomical similarities between Vernicomacanthus and gyracanths, highlighted by previous authors, may indicate the existence of a grade including these and similar acanthodian‐grade taxa placed relatively crownwards in the chondrichthyan stem‐group.
Europe, the Euro and German Demographic Renewal
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccess to the domestic market is nowadays the trump card of trade diplomacy. The larger the domestic market, the more effective it is. The euro is thus the decisive pillar of the European single market. The German debt brake is incompatible with the long-term stability of the euro. For as long as it applies, full employment can never be achieved in the eurozone as a whole. Under currentfiscal policy, full employment would require unrealistically high export surpluses. A euro doomed to underemployment will collapse. Hence, the international fiscal order must also be applied among the nation states in the euroarea. Germany’s resulting obligations offer an opportunity for a German demographic renewal by aggressively encouraging the immigration of skilled workers.
Land
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrivate wealth is comprised in part of capitalized future land rents. The Golden Rule of Accumulation is preserved even if we introduce land into our meta-model. Urban land is far more valuable than agricultural land. The risk tied to land leads to a reduction in its value in the form of a “risk premium” α > 0. Land rents can be taxed without any possibility of the tax being passed on to tenants and without loss of efficiency. If the tax is offset by a reduction in income tax, their taxation can even give rise to efficiency gains and positive distributive effects. The possibility of government intervention in the residential rental market represents a further risk for landowners. The sensitivity of the value of land to changes in the interest rate and hence the risk premium α rise with falling interest rates. In light of these many different risks, land as investment can only to a limited extent be a substitute for government bonds and hence for increasing private wealth by way of public debt. We calculate the value of land as asset category in the OECD plus China region. To this end, we primarily rely on data from statistical offices that provide figures for land in their national balance sheets. Our calculations show that the value of land in the countries of the OECD plus China region is about twice annual consumption in the region.
Monetary Stability and the Stability of the Open Society
Authors: von Weizsäcker Carl Christian , Krämer Hagen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistorical experience shows that the welfare state is what holds democracy and the market economy together. Neither a welfare state that is too small nor one that is too large can fulfill this connective function. A “stability pact” between citizens and the state is needed: 1. A welfare state to provide citizens security even in their old age. 2. In order to preserve appropriate incentives, the retirement system has to be a form of “saving” (forced saving) for old age. 3. In addition, most citizens also undertake voluntary saving. 4. The state provides for monetary stability. 5. The state uses itsfiscal policy to promote high employment. A modern understanding of personal freedom includes the security provided by a welfare state of appropriate dimensions. It follows that in the twenty-first century, a large part of the wealth of citizens consists of net claims on the state.
Die intrazerebrale Gentherapie des Aromatischen-L-Aminosäure-Decarboxylase-Mangels mit Eladocagene exuparvovec
Authors: Opladen Thomas , Brennenstuhl Heiko , Kuseyri Hübschmann Oya , Call Debora , Green Kim , Schara Ulrike , Rascher Wolfgang , Hövel Annegret , Assmann Birgit , Kölker Stefan , Westhoff Jens H. , Walter Magdalena , Ziegler Andreas , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kiening Karl 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Defekt der aromatischen L‑Aminosäure-Decarboxylase (AADC) führt zu einem ausgeprägten, kombinierten Mangel an Dopamin, Serotonin und Katecholaminen. Das klinische Bild ist charakterisiert durch eine rumpfbetonte, muskuläre Hypotonie, verzögertes oder fehlendes Erreichen der motorischen Meilensteine und okulogyre Krisen ab dem Säuglingsalter. Der Erfolg der konventionellen, medikamentösen Behandlung ist besonders bei schweren Verläufen sehr limitiert. Mit der intrazerebralen Applikation von Eladocagene exuparvovec (Upstaza®), einer AAV2-basierten Gentherapie, deren Zulassung für Mitte 2021 erwartet wird, steht erstmals ein kausaler Therapieansatz zur Verfügung.

Ziel
In Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie (GNP), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft pädiatrischer Stoffwechselstörungen (APS), der Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (DGKJ) wurden die Strukturvoraussetzungen und die praktischen Aspekte in der Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Nachsorge der Therapie mit Eladocagene exuparvovec erarbeitet.

Diskussion
Die vorliegende Stellungnahme stellt die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen für eine qualitätsgesicherte Anwendung von Eladocagene exuparvovec zusammen. Die Behandlung erfordert eine prästationäre, stationäre und poststationäre Betreuung durch ein multiprofessionelles Team in einem spezialisierten und qualifizierten Therapiezentrum. Die Nachsorge der Patienten soll zu einer wissensgenerierenden Versorgung beitragen. Aufgrund von fehlenden Daten zur therapeutischen (Langzeit‑)Wirkung sowie zu Vor- und Nachteilen der verschiedenen stereotaktischen Prozeduren sind ein strukturierter Nachsorgeplan und die Erfassung in einem geeigneten, industrieunabhängigen Register notwendig.
Social networks and type 2 diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Schram Miranda T. , Assendelft Willem J. J. , van Tilburg Theo G. , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H. T. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt has been known for decades that social networks are causally related to disease and mortality risk. However, this field of research and its potential for implementation into diabetes care is still in its infancy. In this narrative review, we aim to address the state-of-the-art of social network research in type 2 diabetes prevention and care. Despite the diverse nature and heterogeneity of social network assessments, we can draw valuable lessons from the available studies. First, the structural network variable ‘living alone’ and the functional network variable ‘lack of social support’ have been associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. The latter association may be modified by lifestyle risk factors, such as obesity, low level of physical activity and unhealthy diet. Second, smaller network size and less social support is associated with increased risk of diabetes complications, particularly chronic kidney disease and CHD. Third, current evidence shows a beneficial impact of social support on diabetes self-management. In addition, social support interventions were found to have a small, favourable effect on HbA1c values in the short-term. However, harmonisation and more detailed assessment of social network measurements are needed to utilise social network characteristics for more effective prevention and disease management in type 2 diabetes.
Graphical abstract