bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Competence and Coping Strategies of International Students from India and Arab Countries
Authors: Fedotova Vera 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. In the twenty-first century, many universities have internationalized their activity. The number of international students is one indicator of how successful an institution is in the world market of educational services. There is a number of works dedicated to adaptation of international students. However, the anticipatory competence of foreign students and coping strategies in the process of adaptation in a foreign cultural environment have not been previously studied. Methods. Coping strategies were assessed by using the «Coping Strategies for Stress Situations Test» (Strategic Approach to Coping Scale – SACS) (Vodopyanova & Starchenkova, 2009); the anticipatory competence of foreign students was assessed by using the anticipatory competence test (Mendelevich, 2003). The study involved young people studying in Russian universities from 1 year to 3 years in humanitarian and technical specialtiesResults. During the study it was found that students from Arab countries are dominated by a passive coping strategy, they are in a small degree characterized by asocial and aggressive actions, which are expressed in an asocial strategy of coping with stress. Indian students prefer a pro-social strategy of behavior, expressed in the search for social support. Significant differences were revealed between representatives of two different countries in the severity of the strategy of coping with stress - the search for social support. Personal-situational and temporal anticipatory consistency is more characteristic of students from Arab countries.Conclusion. The results of the present research work contribute to the knowledge on the ability to predict problematic situations (anticipatory competence) that international students have, in relation to their affiliation. The practical significance of the present research consists in the potential application of the obtained results. Methodical techniques developed in the course of the present research may be applied by specialists in a psychological service when they work with international students.
­Use of Artificial Intelligence for Public Health Surveillance: A case study to develop a Machine Learning-algorithm to estimate the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in France
Authors: Haneef Romana , Fuentes Sonsoles , Fosse-Edorh Sandrine , Hrzic Rok , Kab Sofiane , Cosson Emmanuel , Gallay Anne 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The use of machine learning techniques is increasing in healthcare which allows to estimate and predict health outcomes from large administrative data sets more efficiently. The main objective of this study was to develop a generic machine learning (ML) algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes based on the number of reimbursements over the last 2 years. Methods We selected a training data set from a population-based epidemiological cohort (i.e., CONSTANCES) linked with French National Health Database (i.e., SNDS) to develop a ML-algorithm for estimating the incidence of diabetes. To develop this algorithm, we adopted a supervised ML approach. Following steps were performed: i. selection of final data set, ii. target definition, iii. coding variables for a given window of time, iv. split final data into training and test data sets, v. variables selection, vi. training model, vii. validation of model with test data set and viii. selection of the model. Results The final data set used to develop the algorithm included 44,659 participants from CONSTANCES. Out of 3,468 variables, which were similar in SNDS and CONSTANCES cohort were coded, 23 variables were selected to train different algorithms. The final algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes was a Linear Discriminant Analysis model based on number of reimbursements of selected variables related to biological tests, drugs, medical acts and hospitalization without a procedure over the last two years. This algorithm has a sensitivity of 62%, a specificity of 67% and an accuracy of 67% [95% CI: 0.66 – 0.68]. Conclusions Supervised ML is an innovative tool for the development of new methods to exploit large health administrative databases. In context of InfAct project, we have developed and applied the first time a generic ML-algorithm to estimate the incidence of diabetes for public health surveillance. The ML-algorithm we have developed, has a moderate performance. The next step is to apply this algorithm on SNDS to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes cases. More research is needed to apply various MLTs to estimate the incidence of various health conditions and to calculate the contribution of various risk factors on developing type 2 diabetes.
The Emergency Department Arrival Mode and Its Relations to ED Management and 30-Day Mortality in Acute Heart Failure: An Ancillary Analysis From The EURODEM Study
Authors: Harjola Pia , TARVASMÄKI Tuukka , BARLETTA Cinzia , BODY Richard , CAPSEC Jean , CHRIST Michael , GARCIA-CASTRILLO Luis , GOLEA Adela , KARAMERCAN Mehmet , MARTIN Paul-Louis , MIRÓ Òscar , TOLONEN Jukka , PALOMÄKI Ari , VERSCHUREN Franck , HARJOLA Veli-Pekka , LARIBI Said 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute heart failure patients are often encountered in emergency departments from 11% to 57 % using emergency medical services. Our aim was to evaluate the association of emergency department arrival mode with acute heart failure patients’ emergency department management and short-term outcomes. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the European EURODEM study. Data on patients presenting with dyspnoea were collected prospectively from 66 European emergency departments. Patients with emergency department diagnosis of acute heart failure were categorized into two groups: those using emergency medical services and those self-presenting (non- emergency medical service patients). The independent association between emergency medical services use and 30-day mortality was evaluated with logistic regression. Results: Of the 500 acute heart failure patients, 309 (61.8 %) arrived at emergency department by emergency medical services. They were older (median age 80 vs. 75 years, p<0.001) and had more dementia (18.7 % vs. 7.2 %, p<0.001). On admission, emergency medical service patients had more often confusion (43 (14.2 %) vs. 4 (2.1 %), p<0.001) and higher respiratory rate (24/min vs. 21/min, p=0.014; respiratory rate > 30/min in 17.1 % patients vs. 7.5 %, p=0.005). The only difference in emergency department management appeared in the use of ventilatory support: 78.3 % of emergency medical services patients vs. 67.5% of non- emergency medical services patients received oxygen, p=0.007, non-invasive ventilation was administered to 12.5 % of emergency medical service patients vs. 4.2% non- emergency medical service patients, p=0.002. Emergency medical service patients were more often hospitalized (82.4 % vs. 65.9 %, p<0.001). The use of emergency medical services was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR=2.96, 95% CI 1.27-6.92, p=0.012)Conclusion: Most acute heart failure patients arrive at emergency department by emergency medical services. These patients suffer from more severe respiratory distress and receive more often ventilatory support. Emergency medical service use is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality.
Refining Insights on the Impact of SES on Perceived Health: A Positive Health Perspective
Authors: Dierx John , Kasper Hans 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent insights and developments on health and society urge for a critical look at the positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health. We challenge the notions that it is sufficient to distinguish only between two groups of SES (low and high) and that only overall health is taken into account. MethodsA new grouping of SES was developed based on both income and education, resulting in six SES groups. Health was defined in terms of a new positive health concept, operationalised into six health dimensions generating a measure of total general health (TGH). Next, six socioeconomic and demographic determinants of health were included. Linear regression, T-tests and one-way ANOVA were applied to investigate the relationships in a Dutch sample. A subjective way to measure health was applied: self-rated health. ResultsFour out of six dimensions of health determined TGH: bodily functions, daily functioning, quality of life, and social and societal participation. Three out of six socioeconomic and demographic determinants impacted TGH: housing situation, age, and difficulties meeting financial obligations. While this is the general picture for the entire sample, there were interesting similarities and differences between the six SES groups. The similarities refer to the positive impact of the evaluation of bodily functions and daily functioning on TGH in all SES groups. The other dimensions affected TGH in some groups and some dimensions only in one SES group. None of the socioeconomic and demographic determinants affected TGH in all SES groups. New insights on health inequalities are provided. ConclusionsThe well-known positive relationship between SES and health is confirmed in this study. Further refining the health concept into six dimensions provides more detailed insights on which dimensions impact health the most. The subjective approach applied offers more refined information to better understand which health issues really matter to people. This yields new and more effective ways to develop interventions aimed at increasing healthy behaviour.
Nepetin, a Flavonoid Derived From Saussureae Involucratae, Suppresses The LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Cultured Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Gong Guowei , Zheng Yuzhong , Xiao Jian , Dong Tina , Tsim Karl 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Saussureae Involucratae Herba, known as “snow lotus” in Uyghur and/or Chinese medicines, is the dried aerial part of Saussurea involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. (Asteraceae). One of the known pharmacological applications of this herb is to suppress chronic inflammation. Nepetin is considered as a bioactive flavonoid of Saussureae Involucratae Herba. Here, we are probing the efficacy of nepetin in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in cultured human keratinocytes.Results: In cultured keratinocytes, applied nepetin prevented the LPS-induced cell death. In parallel, the productions of inflammatory mediators, i.e. iNOS, COX-2，PGES2 and NO, were declined after nepetin challenge in LPS-treated keratinocytes. Besides, the treatment of nepetin in LPS-induced cultures suppressed the expressions of cytokines, i.e. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in a dose-dependent manner. The productions of inflammatory modulators and/or cytokines could be accounted by nepetin-mediated NF-kB translocation from cytosol to nucleus within the inflammatory activated keratinocytes. In accord to this notion, the formation of ROS, as induced by LPS, could be reduced by nepetin challenge.Conclusions: The aforementioned results suggested that nepetin could account the anti-inflammatory properties of Saussureae Involucratae Herba, at least during the skin inflammation, e.g. atopic dermatitis.
Self-care Performance of Iranian Pregnant Women in Preventing COVID-19 Infection and Its Relationship With Perceived Stress
Authors: Bani Soheila , Farzadi Laya , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Golshani Farideh , Ranjbar Minoo , Hasanpour Shirin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The crisis of COVID-19 disease causes stress in the whole population, including pregnant women, and because pregnancy is a potentially stressful event, it can lead to complications in both mother and fetus. Considering the importance of prevention in controlling of this infection, the present study was conducted to determine the status of self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease and its relationship with perceived stress during the epidemic period of this disease.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 228 pregnant women who referred to Tabriz-Iran health centers for prenatal care by cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires of demographic-social characteristics, self-care performance and perceived stress. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress in bivariate analysis and in multivariate analysis, multivariate linear regression with control of demographic-social and obstetric characteristics as possible confounders, was used.Results: The median (25-75 percentiles) self-care performance score of participants was 0.71 (0.65-0.76) from the achievable range of 20-80, and the mean (±SD) perceived stress score of them was 25.5 (± 5.6) from the achievable range of 0-56. The Spearman’s rank correlation test results showed a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and self-care performance scores. According to multivariate linear regression test, the variables of self-care performance, education, spouse's education and number of family members were the predictors of perceived stress in pregnant women during COVID-19 epidemic. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease was good and their stress was moderate. There was a significant inverse correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress, which could indicate the high value and importance of the fetus for the mother and strict adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19, which also leads to calming and reduced perceived stress.
Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma With Long-term Survival: An Autopsy Case Report
Authors: Tomoto Kyoichi , Nakatogawa Hirokazu , Kenmochi Hiroaki , Kawaji Hiroshi , Katsuragi Shinya , On Jotaro , Otsuki Yoshiro , Kakita Akiyoshi , Inenaga Chikanori , Tanaka Tokutaro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The survival rate of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (APXA) is not well established due to the limited number of cases, but a few reports have suggested that the 5-year overall survival rate for APXA patients isaround 50%. We herein report an autopsy case of an APXA patient who survived 30 years after her rst surgery.﻿Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman initially underwent total resection of a right temporal lobe tumor. The primary diagnosis at that time was grade II-III astrocytoma. Postoperative radio-chemotherapy was completed and follow-up was stopped after 22 years of no recurrence. However, 30 years after the initial treatment, the patient returned presenting with deterioration in consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple heterogeneously enhanced tumors. A diagnosis of APXA was reached after a reevaluation of the initial resected specimens. She died four months after the recurrence. An autopsy revealed that the recurrence was glioblastoma multiforme.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this patient is the longest APXA survival case. Autopsy specimens did not indicate local recurrences, which suggested primary lesion control could be associated with survival.
The Role of Pre-Treatment and Mid-Treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Evaluating Prognosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS)
Authors: Zhang Yafei , Wang Guangfa , Zhao Xin , Hu Yongxian , Yin Elaine Tan Su , Chen Donghe , Wang Huatao , Zhao Kui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background These are limited data on pretreatment evaluation and prognosis assessments of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS). We aimed to determine the prognostic values of pre-treatment and mid-treatment total metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and Deauville 5-Point Scale (D-5PS) in accessing the prognosis of PTCL-NOS.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 31 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTCL-NOS. These patients have undergone positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanning before and during chemotherapy. The follow-ups were done to investigate the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) of these patients. During 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans, the MTV and TLG were recorded. Meanwhile, ∆MTV and ∆TLG were calculated. On the other hand, the mid-chemotherapy assessment and staging of these 31 patients were done by utilizing D-5PS. Subsequently, based on the D-5PS scores obtained, these patients were grouped into two categories: a group of patients with a score of <4 and another group with ≥4. For these two groups of patients, the survival analysis was done by Kaplan–Meier analysis and a multivariate COX regression model. Moreover, Pearson's chi-square test (χ2 test) and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used to comparing the collected data, respectively.Results During the two-year follow-up period, 15 out of the 31 patients experienced disease progression. The optimal threshold values for both baseline MTV and TLG were 158.16 cm 3 and 677.40.Additionally, the difference in 2-year PFS between the progressive and non-progressive groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.193, P=0.004<0.05; χ2=8.872, P=0.003<0.05), significant between-group difference was detected for MTV and for TLG (χ2=6.494, P=0.011<0.05; χ2=4.687, P=0.03<0.05). When these patients were classified into two groups according to the mid-chemotherapy Deauville score of<4 and ≥4, the statistical difference of 2-year PFS between these two groups was significant, too (χ2=14.966, P=0.001<0.05), but there is no significant between-group difference in OS (χ2=3.337, P=0.068<0.05). COX analysis revealed that D-5PS are the independent factors influencing PFS, while MTV is the independent influencing factor of OS.Conclusion In conclusion, the baseline MTV obtained by PET-CT scanning, and D-5PS are crucial prognostic factors in evaluating the prognosis of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma-Not Otherwise Specified (PTCL-NOS).
Background Insect Herbivory in Riparian Poplar Forests: the Role of Local, Landscape, and Regional Factors
Authors: Wang Binli , Tian Chengming , Liang Yingmei , Liu Dongping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundForest management and landscape structure have long been considered as the main drivers of insect herbivory in forest landscapes, but relatively little is known about how ecological factors acting at local, landscape and regional scales shape background insect herbivory under natural conditions. Here, 90 primeval and managed poplar stands were sampled in riparian forests along the rivers in the Eastern part and the Western part of North China. We measured defoliation intensity of insect herbivores within forest stands in transects at near, intermediate and far distance from the rivers. We assessed the effects of region, landscape isolation, forest management, stand position, vegetation cover, and tree size on defoliation intensity. We also explored indirect effects of region and forest management on insect herbivory via changes in stand-level tree size and vegetation cover. ResultsDefoliation intensity increased with landscape-scale forest isolation and decreased with distance from forest stand to the river regardless of stand type. Defoliation intensity was higher in primeval stands than in managed poplar stands, but this difference only significant in the Eastern part of North China. Tree height varied among two regions and between primeval and managed stands. Defoliation intensity was strongly correlated with tree height and vegetation cover. But the effects of region and forest management on defoliation intensity were only partly explained by tree size and vegetation cover. Conclusions﻿These results indicate that background insect herbivory can be driven by ecological factors at different scales and offer an insight into the impact of man-made changes along a gradient of landscape isolation in forest ecosystems. Our findings provide a multi-scale perspective to improve potential control strategies and risk assessment of insect damage on riparian forests in real-world situations.
The Presentation of Multiple Perforations in the Small Bowel as Cytomegalovirus Related Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in an HIV-infected Patient: a Case Report
Authors: Yanli Wang , Lin Xuyong , Li Yuji , Wen Ying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple perforations in the small bowel as cytomegalovirus (CMV) related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient is very rare. Up to now, only five IRIS-associated cases including our case were reported. We performed pathological examination, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), CMV and immune cells immunohistochemical staining for rapid diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Case presentation: We describe a case with multiple perforations in the small bowel as CMV related IRIS in an HIV-infected patient. The patient appeared multiple perforations in the small bowel after 26 days of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. Partial resection and surgical repair of small intestine were performed. CMV enteritis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining and other opportunistic infections were excluded by mNGS. However, he died from intestinal obstruction and septic shock at 55 days after surgery. Conclusions: Perforations due to CMV related IRIS are very rare, and usually lack the prodromal period symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is not easily foreseen and appears shortly after ART. The condition of intestinal perforations is lethal, and early identification and surgical treatment are lifesaving.
Can the Body Slope of Interference Screw Affect Initial Stability of Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament?: In-vitro Investigation
Authors: Daneshvarhashjin Nazanin , Chizari Mahmoud , Mortazavi SM Javad , Rouhi Gholamreza 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Superior biomechanical performance of tapered interference screws, in regard to reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), compared with non-tapered screws, has been reported in the literature. However, the effect of tapered interference screw’s body slope on the initial stability of ACL is not studied yet. Thus, the main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of interference screw's body slope on the initial stability of the reconstructed ACL. Methods Based on the best screw-bone tunnel diameter ratios in non-tapered screws, two different tapered interference screw were designed and fabricated. The diameters of both screws were considered to be equal to bone tunnel diameter in one third of their length from screw tip, then they were gradually increased by 1mm, in the lower slope (LSTIS), and 2 mm, in the higher slope (HSTIS) screws. To simulate the ACL reconstruction, sixteen soft tissue grafts were fixed, using HSTIS and LSTIS, in synthetic bone blocks. Through applying sub-failure cyclic incremental tensile load, graft-bone-screw construct's stiffness and graft laxity in each cycle, and through applying subsequent step of loading graft to the failure, maximum load to failure, and graft’s mode of failure were determined. Accordingly, performance of the fabricated interference screws were compared with each other. Results HSTIS, compared to LSTIS, provides a greater graft-bone-screw construct stiffness, and a lower graft laxity. Moreover, transverse rupture of graft fibers for LSTIS, and necking of graft in HSTIS group were the major types of grafts' failure. ConclusionHSTIS compared to LSTIS, by causing less damage in graft's fibers; reducing graft laxity; and increasing fixation stability, better replicates the intact ACL's behavior.