bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity of Two Rice Varieties Using Ratoon System Through N Fertilizing Treatments at Two Flooding Types on Tidal Lowland Area
Authors: Gribaldi . , Nurlaili . , Danial Ekawati , Sakalena Firnawati 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This research objective was to determine productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system through regulation of N fertilizer application at two flooding types in tidal lowland area.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from February to July 2020 at two locations in tidal lowland area, i.e. B-type flooding located at -203859, 132S 10404428,449E and C-type flooding located at -203858,81S 10404426,745E in Mura Sugih Village, Tanjung Lago Subdistrict, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Study Design: The experimental design used in this study was Factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatments factors and four replications. The variety treatments (V) were consisted of V1: Inpari 30 and V2: Hipa 5 Ceva. N fertilizer application treatments (A) were consisted of A1: N fertilizing: 1/3 dose at planting period + 1/3 dose at 42 dap + 1/3 dose at 1 day after harvest (dah) of main crop; A2: N fertilizing: 1/3 dose at planting period + 1/3 dose at 42 dap + 1/6 dose at 1 dah of main crop + 1/6 dose at 21 dah of main crop.
Result: The results showed that N fertilizer application regulation can increase productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system at two flooding types land in tidal lowland area. Productivity of rice hybrid (Hipa 5 ceva) tend to be higher than that of rice inbred (Inpari 30) using ratoon system at two flooding types land in tidal lowland area. Productivity of two rice varieties using ratoon system tend to be higher at B-flooding type land than that of C- flooding type land.
Comparison of Physics Teacher’s Forecast Grade and Actual Grade Obtained by Candidates in Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations: A Case Study of an Advanced Level School in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oyelade Emmanuel Akinbami , Agbele Alaba Tolulope , Awe Olufisayo Olalekan , Anifowose Temitope Olajumoke , Bello Kalid Abayomi 
Published: September 2021

Aim: This paper examined a comparative assessment of teacher’s forecast and actual grades obtained by students who sat for Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations in an Advanced Level School, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria for five (5) consecutive years.
Study Design: The teacher’s mark book which documented the forecasted grades for Physics in Cambridge AS and A-Level International Examinations from the year 2014 to 2018 was consulted and compared with the actual grades obtained by students over the same period.
Methodology: Two hundred and thirty-five (235) students’ results constitute the sampled population. Ahead of the time of final Cambridge International Examinations (CIE), some students who had withdrawn from the school system due to the fact that they are dead, terribly sick or gained admission into other higher institutions of learning and did not have their names on the CIE result broadsheets were disqualified from being part of the sampled population. This enabled the researchers to accurately compared the forecast grades of students who sat for CIE with the grades that they actually obtained. Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was carried out and the P-value was above 0.05 level of significance, as this shows that the data was parametric. SPSS version 23 was thereafter used to analyze the data and the hypothesis was tested using paired sample T-tests.
Results: There is no significant difference between Physics teacher’s forecast grades and the actual grades obtained by students in Cambridge Advanced AS and A-Level International Examinations for 5 years (2014 – 2018) as the teacher’s forecast grades for the last 7 examination series were accurate at P < 0.05 level of significance. The P –values; (0.083, 0.235, 0.260, 0.802, 0.328, 0.110 and 0.990) were above 0.05 significant level.
Conclusion: Findings from our study showed that there is no significant difference between Physics teacher’s forecast and the actual grades obtained by the students in the Cambridge Assessment International Education for October/November 2015, May/June 2016, October/November 2016, May/June 2017, October/November 2017, May/June 2018 as well as October/November 2018 examination series.
Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in Situ Cileunca, Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Fitriani Annisa , Hamdani Herman , Zahidah . , Herawati Heti 
Published: September 2021

This research aims to determine the structure of the macrozoobenthos community which includes variety, diversity, uniformity, coefficient of similarity and the Family Biotic Index (FBI) macrozoobenthos as well as the physical and chemical parameters of the waters and to determine the pollution status of Situ Cileunca waters. The research was conducted in Situ Cileunca, Bandung Regency, West Java from January to February 2021. The research method used a survey method. The method used in data collection is purposive sampling by determining 5 stations and 4 times. Data analysis in this research uses descriptive analysis. The results showed that the lowest average Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) value was found at station 4 of 8.90 ±4.92 mg/L and the highest average BOD5 value was found at station 5 of 12.99 ± 6.60 mg/L. There are three species of macrozoobenthos that live in the waters of Situ Cileunca, namely Pomacea canaliculata, Filopaludina javanica and Anodonta woodiana. Macrozoobenthos abundance ranges from 400 - 704 ind/m2. The diversity index of macrozoobenthos is included in the low category, ranging from 0.17 to 0.28. The uniformity value ranged from 0.36 - 0.59 which was classified as moderate in all including except at station 4 which was classified as low. The lowest average similarity coefficient was found between stations 3 and 5 was 0.13 and the highest average similarity coefficient between stations 4 and 5 was 0.30. The index value of the FBI macrozoobenthos ranged from 6.05 to 6.18 with a rather poor category. The pollution status of Situ Cileunca is moderately polluted because the BOD5 value is categorized as moderately polluted, the diversity (H') is classified as heavily polluted and the FBI value is in the rather poor category.
Phacoemulsification: Awareness among Postoperative Cataract Patients in South East Nigeria
Authors: Onwuegbuna Arinze Anthony , Apakama Akunne Ijeoma , Igboegwu Ejike Ekene , Chianakwalam Emeka Akujuobi , Amobi Miriam-Benigna Chika , Okosa Chuka Michael , Eleje George Uchenna 
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the awareness of phacoemulsification among post operative cataract patients.
Methods: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge of phacoemulsification among postoperative cataract patients that presented in community eye care outreaches in 3 local government areas of Anambra State Nigeria between June 21st 2021 to June 25th 2021.
Results: The total number of people that attended the outreaches during the study period were 975. Out of these, 167 participants had cataract surgery but only 155 (n=155/167) consented to the study, giving a response rate of 92.8%. The mean age was 67±13 years with an age range of 18 to 93 years. The male: female ratio was 1: 1.2. There were more females (n=84/155, 54.2%) than males (n=71/155, 45.8%).Majority obtained only primary education (n=74/155, 47.7%), while 20.6% (n=32/155) obtained secondary education, 14.2% (n=22/155) obtained tertiary education while 17.4% (n=27/155) had no formal education
Conclusion: Most cataract blind people in Nigeria are not aware of phacoemulsification cataract surgery and therefore may limit options for modern treatment of cataract blindness, even though this modern method of cataract treatment has been in place for decades in other countries.
Performance-Based Optimization of Reinforced Ductile Concrete Frames with Asymmetric Reinforcement in Columns Using the ISR Analogy
Authors: Mart´ınez Luis Fernando Verduzco , Rangel Jaime Moises Horta ´ , Hern ´ ande Miguel Angel P ´ erez Lara y , Zaragoza Juan Bosco Hernandez 
Published: September 2021

Aims/ Objectives: The present work exposes the design of optimization procedures both with the “Particle Swarm Optimization” (PSO) algorithm and the “Genetic Algorithm” (GA) for the design of reinforced concrete frames, making comparisons in cost, weight of the structure and predicted damage. The optimization procedures are built up using the “Idealized Smeared Reinforcement” (ISR) analogy for each element of the structural model frames considered for this work.
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Graduate Engineering Department, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Santiago de Quertaro, Quertaro, Mxico, August 2021.
Methodology: Two different numerical structural plane-frame models were created for the application and comparison of the performance of the optimization design procedures hereby proposed. The optimization procedures were mono-objective with a cost-objective function, taking on account steel reinforcement and concrete for the cost computation. Two different design approaches were carried on for this work, one proposing asymmetrical reinforcement for columns and the other with symmetrical reinforcement. In order to compute the damage indices considered for this study a non-linear Pushover structural analysis is performed.
Results: Results show that asymmetrical reinforcement in columns may reduce concrete volumes, although such reduction in material might not be quite proportional with construction cost, given that asymmetric reinforcement in columns is more expensive than symmetrical, per unit-cost. The bigger the structure, the more likely is to obtain lighter structures by using asymmetrical reinforcement. Regarding damage of the structure, results show that when using asymmetrical reinforcement in columns, it is more likely to obtain smaller values for the expected damage with no great difference on the estimated collapse Safety Factors for the seismic loads. In general, the proposed methodology hereby proposed enhances quite good optima results, requiring only a few adjustments of clash-free and slap reinforcement after the optimization procedure terminates.
Conclusion: When designing reinforced concrete frames with asymmetric reinforcement in columns, an increase in construction costs of as much as 25% as that obtained for symmetric reinforcement could be enhanced. In general, with the proposed methodology to optimally design reinforced concrete frames, savings of as much as 20% in construction costs from an initial structural proposal can be reached.
The Effects of Lubricants on the Disintegration and Dissolution Profile of Metronidazole Tablets Formulated Using Sida acuta Gum as a Binder
Authors: Okafo Sinodukoo Eziuzo , Afokoghene Avbunudiogba John , Alalor Christian Areruruoghene , Igbinake Deborah Ufuoma 
Published: September 2021

Aims: This research was done to study the effects of types and concentrations of lubricants on the dissolution and disintegration profile of metronidazole tablets formulated using Sida acuta gum as a binder.
Methodology: Sida acuta gum (SAG) was extracted from powdered dried leaves of Sida acuta. Metronidazole granules were produced by wet granulation technique using different concentrations (1 and 2%) of SAG as a binder and mixed with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) of magnesium stearate (MS) or sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a lubricant. The granules/lubricant -mix was compressed into tablets and evaluated for hardness, weight uniformity, drug content, disintegration time, friability and in vitro drug release.
Results: The hardness for the tablets was from 4.08 to 7.97 Kgf. The friability was from 0.02±0.45 to 3.40±0.43%. Tablets from formulations A1-A3, B2, and B3 failed the friability test. Formulations prepared with 1% SAG were more friable than those formulated with 2% SAG. Disintegration time for formulations A1-A3 (1% SAG + MS) ranged from 19.07 to 63.5 min, while that of A4-A6 (2% SAG + MS) was from 39.06 to 81.48 min. Formulations B1-B3 (1% SAG + SLS) had disintegration time that ranged from 4.22 to 6.8 min while that of B4-B6 (2% SAG + SLS) was from 9.35 to 15.90 min. The % drug release at 60 min for formulations that contained SAG and MS was 76.60-104.28% and SAG and SLS was 99.89-101.35%
Conclusion: Metronidazole tablets formulated using SLS as lubricant disintegrated faster than those formulated using magnesium stearate as lubricant. Percentage drug release from tablets containing SLS was slightly higher than those that contained magnesium stearate. Higher concentrations of the lubricants produced softer tablets.
Role of Curcuma Longa in Type 2 Diabetes and its Associated Complications
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Khan Rafeeq Alam , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Shaikh Safdar Ali , Kumar Andeep 
Published: September 2021

Background: Occurrence of Diabetes and its related complications increased all over the world due to recent lifestyle trends. A higher proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet have been associated with a higher risk of T2D. A lack of fiber and a surplus of refined simple carbohydrate are contributing to obesity and diabetes diagnosis. Hence there is need to evaluate different nutraceuticals for the management of Diabetes.
Methodology: A Scopus, pub Med/Medline and Google Scholar electronic database search was done by using the key word role of Curcuma Longa in diabetes type 2 and its associated complications to review the related articles.
Summary: Curcumin a yellow color powder is one of the most important components of Curcuma Longa L; and commonly utilized as food additive in Asian countries. Pre-treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells curcumin leads to decrease in intracellular MGO level induced by exogenous MGO and also modify the carboxymethyl cellulose formation. Curcumin nutritional supplement fully normalized arterial AGEs. Curcumin reduced AGEs increase in the heart of diabetic rats. Curcumin reduces the development of diabetes in pre-diabetic population.
Conclusion: The literature review shows that the Curcuma Longa L; revealed anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects and prevent the development of diabetes associated complications in different animal model.
The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Exercise for the Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Gavhale Pradnya , Mahakarkar Manjusha 
Published: September 2021

Background: Stress urinary incontinence is an involuntary leaking of urine during physical activity, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercise that increases abdominal pressure. Stress urinaryincontinence has a wide variety of impacts on women's daily.
Objectives: To assess the stress urinary incontinence among women before and after pelvic floor exercise, to assess the severity of stress urinary incontinence among women before and after pelvic floor exercise, to find out the association between stress urinary incontinence and severity with selected demographic variables.
Methodology: A study will be conducted in the rural community area of the Wardha district. A total of 30 women will be selected as the study sample by using the non-probability purposive sampling technique as per the inclusion/exclusion criteria. An interventional evaluatory approach and time-series design will be used. In this study, the researcher will assess the stress urinary incontinence with the help of a structured questionnaire and again assess the severity of stress urinary incontinence with a grading scale after that pelvic floor exercise will be given to that woman after 2 weeks again researcher will assess the stress urinary incontinence and severity of the stress urinary incontinence with the grading scale.
Outcome/results: The outcome will be the pelvic floor exercise or training (PFE) will minimize the incidence rate of stress urinary incontinence among women it also helps to increase the pelvic floor muscle strength.
Does connectivity reduce gender gaps in off‐farm employment? Evidence from 12 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Egger Eva‐Maria , Arslan Aslihan , Zucchini Emanuele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGender gaps in labor force participation in developing countries persist despite income growth or structural change. We assess this persistence across economic geographies within countries, focusing on youth employment in off‐farm wage jobs. We combine household survey data from 12 developing countries with geospatial data on population density. The gender gap increases with connectivity from rural to peri‐urban areas and disappears in high‐density urban areas. In non‐rural areas, child dependency does not constrain young women, and secondary education improves their access to off‐farm jobs. The gender gap persists for married young women independent of connectivity improvements, indicating social norm constraints.
Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: de Macena Sobreira Nara Lygia , Repetto Gabriela M. , Temtamy Samia A. , Alvarez Perez Ana Beatriz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOnline Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM®), an online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders, has been used in the low‐ and middle‐income countries largely as a tool for improving clinical care, teaching genetics and genomics, and for clinical and research analysis of next‐generation sequencing. By facilitating free access to curated, updated, and comprehensive information in genetics and genomics, OMIM has led to better clinical care and research advancement in countries where clinicians and researchers in private or public hospitals and universities cannot afford to pay for other resources including journal subscriptions.
Young people in residential aged care: Is Australia on track to meet its targets?
Authors: Brown Mark , Condi Amelia , Davis Elise , Goodwin Isabella , Winkler Di , Douglas Jacinta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver 4500 people under 65 years of age live in residential aged care (RAC) in Australia, and they experience poorer quality of life than people with similar disabilities in other settings. Governments have long aimed to reduce admissions of young people to RAC, but in 2019, for the first time, the Australian Government adopted target dates for resolving the issue. The targets include reducing admissions of young people to near zero by 2022 and ensuring almost no one remains in RAC beyond 2025. The national strategy focuses mostly on housing and support needs being met via the National Disability Insurance Scheme. The present study drew on quarterly data from the National Aged Care Data Clearinghouse to examine progress toward these targets. Significant progress was evident in terms of young people entering RAC: admissions reduced each quarter between September 2018 and July 2020, halving over two years. No progress was evident in terms of young people leaving RAC for better arrangements; the trend neither increased nor decreased. Prospects for achieving the targets are discussed.
Insight into Structural Evolution, Active Sites, and Stability of Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Shenlong , Yang Yongchao , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudying structure–activity correlations of electrocatalysts is essential for improving the conversion of electrical to chemical energy. Recently, increasing evidence obtained by operando characterization techniques reveal that the structural evolution of catalysts caused by the interplay with electric fields, electrolytes and reactants/intermediates brings about the formation of real active sites. Hence, it is time to summarize structural evolution related research advances and envisage future developments. In this Minireview, we first introduce the fundamental concepts associated with structural evolution (e.g., catalysts, active sites/centers and stability/lifetime) and their relevance. Then, the multiple triggers of structural evolution and advanced operando characterizations are discussed. Significantly, a brief overview of structural evolution and its reversibility in heterogeneous electrocatalysis is provided, especially for the representative electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) processes. Lastly, key challenges and opportunities in this exciting field are highlighted.
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanations via Enzyme‐Bound Iminium Ion Intermediates
Authors: Kunzendorf Andreas , Xu Guangcai , Saifuddin Mohammad , Saravanan Thangavelu , Poelarends Gerrit J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCyclopropane rings are an important structural motif frequently found in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. Commonly, biocatalytic methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of cyclopropanes rely on repurposed or artificial heme enzymes. Here, we engineered an unusual cofactor‐independent cyclopropanation enzyme based on a promiscuous tautomerase for the enantioselective synthesis of various cyclopropanes via the nucleophilic addition of diethyl 2‐chloromalonate to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The engineered enzyme promotes formation of the two new carbon‐carbon bonds with excellent stereocontrol over both stereocenters, affording the desired cyclopropanes with high diastereo‐ and enantiopurity (d.r. up to 25:1; e.r. up to 99:1). Our results highlight the usefulness of promiscuous enzymes for expanding the biocatalytic repertoire for non‐natural reactions.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Selective Photolysis of Phosphonium Iodide Salts for Monofluoromethylations
Authors: Liu Qiang , Lu Yu , Sheng He , Zhang Chao‐Shen , Su Xiao‐Di , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sigma (σ)‐hole effect has emerged as a promising tool to construct novel architectures endowed with new properties. A simple yet effective strategy for the generation of monofluoromethyl radicals is a continuing challenge within the synthetic community. Fluoromethylphosphonium salts are easily available, air‐ and thermally stable, as well as simple‐to‐handle. Herein, we report the ability of the σ‐hole effect to facilitate the visible‐light‐triggered photolysis of phosphonium iodide salts, a charge‐transfer complex, selectively giving fluoromethyl radicals. The usefulness and versatility of this new protocol are demonstrated through the mono‐, di‐, and trifluoromethylation of a variety of alkenes.
Transparent, flame‐retarded, self‐healable, mechanically strong polyurethane elastomers: Enabled by the synthesis of phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing oxime chain‐extender
Authors: Pan Gao‐Fei , Wang Zhe , Kong De‐Qing , Sun Tang‐Wen , Zhai Hui , Tian Tian , Wang Yu‐Fei , Xing Rui‐Guang , Zhang Bang‐Wen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) elastomer has been widely used due to its excellent mechanics, acid and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance, and other properties. However, obtaining simultaneous mechanically strong, flame‐retarded, transparent, and efficient self‐heal ability of PU elastomer is of great challenge due to the structural design. Here, a phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing Oxime chain extender (PSK‐2) was introduced into the synthesis of PU elastomers to obtain a transparent, flame‐retarded, self‐healable, mechanically strong PU elastomers. The PU elastomers exhibited high tensile strength of ~23.3 MPa, breaking strain of ~1693%, good flame retardancy with high LOI of ~29.2%, and UL‐94 V1 rating with the addition of 4.67 mmol (mass fraction 1.37 wt%) PSK2. Furthermore, the PUPSK2 elastomer material also had good healing ability up to 60% at room temperature and good transparency of 83.7% at 350–800 nm visible.