bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients after In-hospital Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A National Perspective
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zia , Syed Moinuddin , Agrawal Pratik , Osman Mohammed , Khan Muhammad Usman , Alharbi Anas , Benjamin Mina M , Khan Safi , Balla Sudarshan , Munir Muhammad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose:
End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a well-recognized risk factor for development of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). There is limited data on baseline characteristics and outcomes after an in-hospital SCA event in ESRD patients.

Methods:
For the purpose of this study, data were obtained from National Inpatient Sample from January 2007 to December 2017. In-hospital SCA was identified using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes of 99.60, 99.63 and 5A12012. ESRD patients were subsequently identified using codes of 585.6 and N18.6. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared among ESRD and non-ESRD patients in crude and propensity matched (PS) cohorts. Predictors of mortality in ESRD patients after an in-hospital SCA event were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:
A total of 1,412,985 patients sustained in-hospital SCA during our study period. ESRD patients with in-hospital SCA were younger and had a higher burden of key co-morbidities. Mortality was similar in ESRD and non-ESRD patients in PS matched cohort (70.4% vs. 70.7%, p = 0.45) with an overall downward trend over our study years. Advanced age, Black race and key co-morbidities independently predicted increased mortality while prior implantable defibrillator was associated with decreased mortality in ESRD patients after an in-hospital SCA event.

Conclusion:
In the context of in-hospital SCA, mortality is similar in ESRD and non-ESRD patients in adjusted analysis. Adequate risk factor modification could further mitigate the risk of in-hospital SCA among ESRD patients.
Non-adherence to Preventive Behaviours During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Findings From a Community Study
Authors: Urbán Róbert , Paksi Borbála , Miklósi Ádám , Saunders John B. , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Preventive behaviours are an essential way to slow down and eliminate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to estimate adherence to preventive behaviors and to identify whether any subgroups were not adopting these behaviours and for whom greater engagement in these approaches was indicated. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we obtained data from a random sample of a panel representing men and women of adult age residing in Hungary (N=5,254). The survey included questions about the frequencies of preventive behaviours, perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Results: We found four factors of preventive behaviours: using physical barriers (mask and gloves), avoidance of close contacts, personal hygiene, and preparation. We identified two broadly adherent groups (36.8% and 45.3%) and two non-adherent groups (13.1% and 4.8%). Being male and being aged between 18-29 years were the strongest predictors of non-adherence. Concern about the severity of COVID-19 was a predictor of adherence.Conclusions: To ensure maximal adherence to preventive behaviours for COVID-19, additional strategies should focus on their adoption by men and young adults.
Chinese Herbal Medicine (“3 Medicines and 3 Formulations”) for COVID-19: Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Xiao-Yang , Wang Yangzihan , Chen Junqiao , Greenhalgh Trisha , Wardle Jon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the evidence behind claims that Chinese Herbal Medicine, specifically “three medicines and three formulations” (3M3F, comprising Jinhua Qinggan, Lianhua Qingwen, Xuebijing, Qingfei Paidu, Huashi Baidu and Xuanfei Baidu), is an effective treatment for COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE and CNKI databases, preprint servers, clinical trial registries and supplementary sources for Chinese- or English-language randomised trials or non-randomised studies with comparator groups, which tested the constituents of 3M3F in the treatment of COVID-19 up to September 2020. Primary outcome was change in disease severity. Secondary outcomes included various symptoms. Meta-analysis (using generic inverse variance random effects model) was performed when there were two or more studies reporting on the same symptom. Results: Of 607 articles identified, thirteen primary studies (six RCTs and seven retrospective non-randomised comparative studies) with 1467 participants met our final inclusion criteria. Studies were small and had significant methodological limitations, most notably potential bias in assessment of outcomes. No study convincingly demonstrated a statistically significant impact on change in disease severity. Eight studies reported sufficiently similar secondary outcomes to be included in a meta-analysis. Some statistically significant impacts on symptoms, chest CT manifestations, laboratory variables and length of stay were demonstrated, but such findings were sparse and many remain unreplicated.Conclusions: These findings neither support nor refute the claim that 3M3F alters the severity of COVID-19 or alleviates symptoms. More rigorous studies are required to properly ascertain the potential role of Chinese Herbal Medicine in COVID-19.Systematic review registration: This review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020187502) prior to data collection and analysis.
Hematological Indices and Abnormalities Among Patients With Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Kosti City of the White Nile State, Sudan: a Comparative Study
Authors: Elkhalifa Ahmed M. E. , Abdul-Ghani Rashad , Tamomh Abdelhakam G. , Eltaher Nur Eldin , Ali Nada Y. , Ali Moataz M. , Bazie Elsharif A. , KhirAlla Aboagla , DfaAlla Fatin , Alhasan Omnia A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hematological abnormalities are common features in falciparum malaria but vary among different populations across countries. Therefore, we compared hematological indices and abnormalities between Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients and malaria-negative subjects in Kosti city of the White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medical Technology Laboratory Unit of Kosti Teaching Hospital from June to December 2018. A total of 392 participants (192 P. falciparum-infected patients and 200 malaria-negative subjects) were recruited in the study. Hematological indices of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets were measured and their median values were statistically compared.Results: The majority of P. falciparum-infected patients (64.6%) showed a low-level parasitemia. The median values of Hb concentration, RBC count, mean corpuscular Hb and mean corpuscular Hb concentration were significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with anemia being significantly higher among infected patients than malaria-negative subjects (60.4% vs. 29.5%, respectively). The median total WBC count was non-significantly higher in P. falciparum-infected patients, with leucopenia being non-significantly different between both groups. The median platelet count was significantly lower in P. falciparum-infected patients, with thrombocytopenia being significantly higher among infected patients than malaria-negative subjects (72.4% vs. 5.0%, respectively).Conclusions: Most falciparum malaria infections among patients in Kosti city of the White Nile State – Sudan are of low-level parasitemia. Nevertheless, falciparum malaria is significantly associated with anemia and thrombocytopenia with lower median values of Hb, RBC count, MCH, MCHC and platelet count in P. falciparum-infected patients than malaria-negative subjects. In contrast, leucopenia is not useful to predict falciparum malaria. Further large-scale studies in community and healthcare settings and inclusion of patients with complicated or severe malaria and those with high parasite densities are recommended.
Photocatalytic activity of Al/Ni-doped TiO2 films synthesized by sol-gel method: Effect of sunlight photocatalysis on the catalysts properties
Authors: Temam Elhachmi Guettaf , Djani Faiçal , Rahmane Saad , Temam Hachemi Ben , Gasmi Brahim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Photocatalytic activity of semiconductors is affected by the nature of metal dopant. To study the effect of non-transition and transition metal on the physical and optical properties of TiO2 based photocatalysts; Al and Ni-doped TiO2 thin films respectively were prepared via a sol-gel dip-coating method. The effect of the photocatalysis process on the properties of TiO2 based thin films was investigated. The photocatalytic activity was calculated from methylene blue dye degradation under sunlight irradiation. XRD results show that un-doped TiO2 films were grown with anatase phase, whereas, the Ni and Ni/Al-doped TiO2 films show Ti4O7 single phase. The presence of Al preferred the rutile phase. No phases related to NiO or Al2O3 were detected. Ni-TiO2 photocatalyst shows high photocatalytic activity (~ 93%) thanks to the high content of O and Ti, wide bandgap (3.35 eV), low crystal size (6.87 nm), high film thickness (288 nm), and high surface roughness (44.5 nm). After photocatalysis, all the films show a decrease in O content and thickness, whereas the indirect bandgap values were increased which suggesting the reuse with low photocatalytic activity.
N and P Addition Reduce Semiarid Grassland Stability via Increasing the Dominance of Less-Stable Functional Groups
Authors: Chen Zhifei , Xiong Peifeng , Zhou Junjie , Lai Shuaibin , Jian Chunxia , Xu Weizhou , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aims Extraneous fertilization could efficiently improve grassland productivity and promote grassland restoration. Increasing fertilization may profoundly affect community stability, whereas the underlying compensatory dynamics among species and functional groups in regulating grassland stability remain unclear.Methods Three different grasslands, annuals and biennials (AB) community, perennial grass (PG) community and perennial forb (PF) community, on semiarid Loess Plateau were selected. We designed a 3-year split-plot experiment (main-plot: 0, 25, 50, and 100 kgN ha-1 yr-1; subplot: 0, 20, 40 and 80 kgP2O5 ha-1 yr-1) to explore how N and P addition affects community stability and its relationship with species richness, species asynchrony (SA) and functional group stability. Results Temporal stability differed largely between functional groups under N and P addition, perennial forbs or grasses had higher stability than perennial legumes or annuals and biennials. Decreased stability of PG and PF communities was primarily due to increased dominance of perennial grasses or forbs and reduced SA under N addition alone, while it attributed to increased dominance of perennial legumes after P addition alone. 50 and 100 kgN ha-1 yr-1 combined with P addition notably increased dominance of annuals and biennials at the expense of perennial species, but decreased stability of annuals and biennials, which caused declines in stability of the three communities.Conclusions Nutrient-induced shifts of functional groups, particularly increased dominance of less-stable functional groups, is the main driver reducing perennial grassland stability independent of diversity. Whereas N and P addition decreased annual grassland stability via additive effect of increased dominance of annuals and biennials and diversity decline. Targeted N and P combined addition was essential to maintain stability for different grasslands by regulating functional groups on semiarid Loess Plateau.
Tree-ring Cellulose δ18O Records Similar Large-scale Climate Influences as Precipitation δ18O in the Northwest Territories of Canada
Authors: Field Robert , Andreu-Hayles Laia , D'Arrigo Rosanne , Oelkers Rose , Luckman Brian , Morimoto David , Boucher Etienne , Gennaretti Fabio , Hermoso Ignacio , Lavergne Alienor , Levesque Mathieu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Oxygen stable isotopes measured in tree rings have been useful for reconstructing climate variability and explaining changes in physiological processes occurring in forests, complementing other more widely studied tree-ring parameters such as ring width. Here, we analyzed the relationships between different climate parameters and annually resolved tree-ring δ18O records (d18OTR) from white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench]Voss) trees located near Tungsten, Northwest Territories, Canada, and used the NASA GISS ModelE2 isotopically equipped general circulation model (GCM) to interpret the relationships in an idealized sense. The d18OTR series were primarily related to temperature variations in spring and summer, likely through temperature effects on the precipitation δ18O with a combination of evaporative enrichment at leaf level in summer. The GCM simulations showed significant positive relationships between modelled precipitation δ18O over the study region and surface temperature and geopotential height over northwestern North America, with stronger patterns during fall winter than during spring-summer. The modelled precipitation δ18O was only significantly associated with moisture transport during the fall-winter season. The d18OTR showed similar correlation patterns to modelled precipitation δ18O during spring-summer, with significant positive correlations with surface temperature and geopotential height, but no correlations with moisture transport. Overall, the d18OTR records for northwestern Canada reflect the same significant large-scale climate patterns as precipitation δ18O for spring-summer, and therefore have potential for reconstructions past atmospheric dynamics in addition to temperature variability.
A structural ensemble of a tau-microtubule complex reveals regulatory tau phosphorylation and acetylation mechanisms
Authors: Brotzakis Z. Faidon , Lindstedt Philip , Taylor Ross , Bernardes Gonçalo , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that regulates the stability of microtubules. We use metainference cryo-electron microscopy, an integrative structural biology approach, to determine an ensemble of structures representing the structure and dynamics of a tau-microtubule complex comprising the entire microtubule-binding region of tau. We thus identify the ground state of the complex and a series of excited states of lower populations. A comparison of the interactions in these different states reveals positions along the tau sequence that are important to determine the overall stability of the tau-microtubule complex. This analysis leads to the identification of positions where phosphorylation and acetylation events have destabilising effects, which we validate by using site-specific post-translationally modified tau variants obtained by chemical mutagenesis. Taken together, these results illustrate how the simultaneous determination of ground and excited states of macromolecular complexes reveals functional and regulatory mechanisms.
Enabling global analysis of protein citrullination and homocitrullination via biotin thiol tag-assisted mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Lingjun , Shi Yatao , Li Zihui , Wang Bin , Shi Xudong , Ye Hui , Delafield Daniel , Lv Langlang , Ye Zhengqing , Chen Zhengwei , Ma Fengfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Citrullination and homocitrullination are key post-translational modifications (PTMs) that affect protein structures and functions. Although they have been linked to various biological processes and disease pathogenesis, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to enrich, detect, and localize these PTMs. Herein, we report the design and development of a biotin thiol tag that enables derivatization, enrichment, and confident identification of these two PTMs simultaneously via mass spectrometry. We perform global mapping of the citrullination and homocitrullination proteomes of mouse tissues. In total, we identify 1,198 citrullination sites and 108 homocitrullination sites from 619 and 79 proteins, respectively, representing the largest datasets to date. We discover novel distribution and functions of these two PTMs. We also perform multiplexing quantitative analysis via isotopic labeling techniques. This study depicts a landscape of protein citrullination and homocitrullination and lays the foundation to further decipher their physiological and pathological roles.
The Effect of Bread Enriched With Portulaca Oleracea on Metabolic Control Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: a Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Delvarianzadeh Mehri , Nafchi Abdorreza Mohammadi , Nouri Leila , Khosravi Ahmad , Bahar Aisa , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is the most common chronic disease worldwide. Some herbs are used to control diabetes. Portulaca Oleracea is a type of plant that has essential fatty acid-rich leaves. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bread enriched with Portulaca Oleracea on metabolic control indices in patients with type 2.Methods: This parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% Portulaca powder for 4 weeks (intervention group), the control group used their normal daily bread. At baseline and end of the study a 12 hours fasting and 2 hours later blood sample were collected to quantify plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles. The effectiveness of the intervention method was compared with the difference between the mean before and after the intervention (change score) in the two groups using t-test.Results: The results showed that after the intervention, a significant difference was found between Fasting blood sugar, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein variables in intervention groups, but could not affect serum low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride levels, blood sugar and Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1C) It should be noted that the difference between the means of the two groups before and after the intervention indicates that there is a significant difference between the other groups except HbA1C. Conclusions: consumption of bread enriched with portulaca oleracea did have a significant impact on metabolic indices of diabetes and improvement lipid profile. It is recommended to use bread enriched with portulaca oleracea powder, areas where the staple food is bread.Trial registration in the Iranian clinical trial system with the code IRCT2011030309006010N1.
Impact of relative humidity and water availability on the life history of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii
Authors: San Phyu Phyu , Tuda Midori , Takagi Masami 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is currently used as an efficient biological control agent of thrips, whiteflies and spider mites, which are economically damaging pests of ornamental plants and vegetable crops grown in greenhouses and fields worldwide. Currently, the effects of relative humidity (RH) and water availability on the optimal growth of A. swirskii are unknown. Here, we test the combined effects of different levels of RH (33%, 53%, 73% and 92%) and water availability on the development and reproduction of male and female A. swirskii feeding on the dried fruit mite, Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus). While eggs failed to hatch at 33% RH, the survival rates of the immature stages at ≥ 53% RH increased solely in response to water availability and not due to changes in RH. Regarding growth and development, low RH extended the egg–adult duration and pre-oviposition period. We also found that the negative effects of low RH on adult longevity and fecundity were partially or completely eliminated when drinking water was available. For the life table parameters, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) were achieved at the highest RH when drinking water was availabile. Overall, water availability mitigated the negative effect of low RH on female reproduction, and female development was more sensitive to water availability than male development. Lastly, a comparison of similar research on A. swirskii suggested that water availability and RH are more influential on r than food source or temperature.
Determination of a Criminal Suspect Using Environmental Plant DNA Metabarcoding Technology
Authors: Liu Yanlei , Xu Chao , Dong Wenpan , Yang Xueying , Zhou Shiliang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: There are criminal cases that no frequently used evidence, for example, DNAs from the criminal, is available. Such cases usually are unresolvable. With the advent of DNA metabarcoding, evidences are mined from environmental DNA and such cases become resolvable. This study reports how a criminal suspect was determined by environmental plant DNA metabarcoding technology. A girl was killed in a rural wet area in China without a witness or video record. Pants with dried mud was found from one of her boyfriend’s house. The mud was removed from the pants and 11 more mud or soil samples surrounding murder scene were collected. DNA was extracted from the soil. Chloroplast rbcL gene fragments were amplified and sequenced on a next generation sequencing platform. Results: After bioinformatics analysis, of the 2980 ZOTUs in total obtained from the 12 samples, 1495 ZOTUs were identified to species, genera or families based on the existing public database. The feast analysis based on either taxa or taxa plus abundance data demonstrated that the mud on the suspect’s pants was from the criminal scene. Conclusions: The suspect finally made a clean breast of his crime. This case implies that plant DNA in the environment soil is a new source of evidence in determination of suspects using DNA metabarcoding technology and has high potentials of extensive applications in criminal cases.
Rising farm costs, marginal land cropping, and ecosystem service markets
Authors: Esch Ellen , McCann Kevin , Kamm Caroline , Arce Bernal , Carroll Oliver , Dolezal Aleksandra , Mazzorato Annalisa , Noble Dan , Fraser Evan , Fryxell John , Gilvesy Bryan , Krumholz Sam , Campbell Malcolm , Macdougall Andrew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A growing challenge with industrialized agriculture is compensating farmers for devoting land towards producing ecosystem services, at a time when global food demands are accelerating. Here, we explore revenue thresholds that Payment for Ecosystem Service programs (PES) must approach to be competitive in present-day crop markets, amalgamating long-term North American data especially from Canada on input costs, crop yields, crop revenues after expenses, government subsidies, and land use. Two trends suggest that PES markets with stable revenues can be increasingly competitive, with inflation-adjusted farm input costs now 50x higher than a century earlier and increasingly high revenue instability including net losses for some crops in some years. Since 1994, crop revenues in some regions have averaged $39 acre− 1 US, peaking at $412 but losing money 25.3% of time. Importantly, these data show how government subsidies have been a major stabilizing force, increasing revenues by 37.6% while reducing the frequency of losses by 50% - societal compensation to North American farmers is already the norm. PES programs could be most feasible on marginal lands, which are often targeted for retirement due to higher input requirements. However, trends in Canada reveal that marginal land cropping has increased by 5.2 million acres since 1990 and now constitutes 28.8% of all cropland. Our work reinforces how revenue instability simultaneously creates and constrains opportunities for PES markets, favoring market competitiveness because of shrinking crop revenues but pressuring farmers to expand production, including on marginal lands, as they struggle to offset revenue shortfalls while attempting to capitalize on growing global food demands.