bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadmissibility of imitation of compliance with the law when concluding a state contract with a sole supplier (on the example of the penal system)
Authors: Khomyakov A. N. , Aliev V. A. , Moskvitin O. A. , Bochinin I. P. 
Published: September 2021

The legislation on the contract system allows in certain cases to make purchases from a sole supplier without using competitive procedures. One of the cases is the production of goods, performance of works, rendering of services performed by an institution or enterprise of the penal enforcement system in accordance with the list of goods, works, and services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The practice shows that in some cases, customers and (or) suppliers may unreasonably use the opportunity provided by the legislation, formally concluding a state (municipal) contract with an institution or enterprise of the penal system, bypassing competitive procedures, when actually a third-party business entity is engaged in the execution of the contract. The authors note that such situations actually constitute a circumvention of the competitive procedures for selecting a supplier provided for by law, and contradicts the principles and ideas of regulation laid down in the Law “On the contract system”.
Open Science: a Critique of a New UNESCO Project
Authors: Kieeva L. P. , Maksimov S. V. 
Published: September 2021

The subject of the authors’ research is a preliminary draft of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Recommendation on Open Science, which was presented to the world community at the end of September 2020. According to the draft Recommendation, “open science” is understood as a framework concept of various institutions and forms of activity aimed at “making scientific knowledge, methods, data and facts open and accessible to all”. According to the authors, making the fruits of science available to all mankind and making them the property of all mankind is not the same thing.The declaration of free access to “scientific raw materials” does not mean that all countries receive equal opportunities for its “extraction”, processing, creation of new goods on its basis and receiving income from their sale. These opportunities today are focused on the “global North”, or rather in that part of it, which essentially monopolized the world markets for collecting, storing, processing, examining and publishing the primary results of scientific research.According to the authors, the concept of “Open Science” proposed to the world community in relation to modern economic and legal realities is the concept of devaluation of “scientific raw materials” in order to obtain the maximum profit from the turnover of goods created with its use by a narrow circle of beneficiaries.The interests of Russia, most of the world’s states and scientists are not to consist in supplying the collective world dominant with “scientific raw materials” at a negative cost, i.e. paying extra for it, and then buying everything new, science-intensive and useful from it.An alternative to the instrument of “soft” dictate against national governments and the majority of scientists, proposed on behalf of UNESCO, could be the initiation of a general Convention on Science, which would solve real economic and legal problems of the circulation of scientific results, including issues of their receipt, global monitoring, storage, processing, expertise, assessment, remuneration of scientists’ labor.The article’s authors propose at the political level to openly abandon the previously chosen model of organization and legal regulation of Russian science, focused on the interests of the global North.
Antitrust compliance: system standardization issues
Authors: Soloviev, V. V. , Yushkin S. V. , Maksimov* S. V. 
Published: September 2021

The article examines the etymology and prehistory of the introduction of the institution of antimonopoly compliance in Russian business practice, the relationship of this institution with the institution of general compliance. The article considers the definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance, enshrined in the new article 91 of the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition".The authors propose their own definition of the concept of antimonopoly compliance as an activity of an economic entity aimed at ensuring compliance with antimonopoly legislation by employees of an economic entity and an economic entity as a whole by preventing and suppressing violations of the requirements of such legislation and regulatory legal and law enforcement acts based on it.The authors also substantiate the advisability of developing a special national standard GOST R "System of internal compliance with the requirements of antimonopoly legislation (antimonopoly compliance system) of an economic entity".It is noted that the effectiveness of the antimonopoly compliance system will depend not only on the ability of an economic entity to form an antimonopoly compliance system on the basis of an appropriate national standard, but also on the state's ability to determine and guarantee effective incentives to comply with antimonopoly legislation.The authors substantiate the advisability of supplementing the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation with provisions that provide for the obligation and limits to reduce the amount of punishment or replace the punishment with a softer one in the event of an anticompetitive administrative offense by a person who has implemented an effective system of antimonopoly compliance.
Pengaruh Keharmonisan Keluarga Terhadap Kenakalan Remaja Di SMK Al-Hidayah Kota Cirebon
Authors: Budiana Budiana , Riyani Ade , Muzhirul Akhmad , Abidin M. , Saputra Wandi 
Published: September 2021

Kenakalan remaja merupakan salah satu penyakit sosial yang muncul di kalangan masyarakat setempat. Sehingga masalah seperti ini perlu sekali diperhatikan oleh para orang tua sehingga tidak akan mengakibatkan atau menyebar luas terhadap yang lainnya. Begitu besar dan pentingnya peranan keluarga yang harus dimainkan oleh orang tua dalam mendidik anak, maka dengan adanya peranan masing-masing anggota keluarga hendaknya orang tua saling melengkapi sehingga dapat membentuk keluarga yang harmonis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh keharmonisan keluarga terhadap kenakalan remaja di SMK Al-Hidayah Cirebon. Penelitian ini menelaah pengaruh satu variabel dengan variabel atau dengan nama lain disebut dengan korelasional. Adapun pertanyaan yang diajukan berkaitan dengan keharmonisan keluarga sebanyak lima pertanyaan dan berkaitan dengan kenakalan remaja sebanyak lima pertanyaan. Jumlah korenponden yang di beri pertanyaan sebanyak 30 orang. Hasil yang di dapat adalah terdapat hubungan linear secara signfikan antara variable keharmonisan keluarga dengan variable kenakalan remaja, dengan uji linearitas sinifikasi yang didapakan ialah 0,236 lebih dari 0,05. Dan terdapat pula pengaruh antara keharmonisan keluarga terhadap kenakalan remaja, korelasi atau hubungan (R) yaitu sebesar 0.482 dan besaran koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.232. Maka dari itu dapat dipahami bahwa pengaruh variable keharmonisan keluarga terhadap variable kenakalan remaja adalah sebesar 48,2% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variable lain. Sedangkan nilai t hitung 2.910 dengan nilai signifikansi 0.007 < 0.05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak.
Hybrid motion illusions as examples of perceptual conflict
Authors: Shapiro Arthur 
Published: September 2021

Shapiro and Hedjar (2019) proposed a shift in the definition of illusion, from ‘differences between perception and reality’ to ‘conflicts between possible constructions of reality’. This paper builds on this idea by presenting a series of motion hybrid images that juxtapose fine scale contrast (high spatial frequency content) with coarse scale contrast-generated motion (low spatial frequency content). As is the case for static hybrid images, under normal viewing conditions the fine scale contrast determines the perception of motion hybrid images; however, if the motion hybrid image is blurred or viewed from a distance, the perception is determined by the coarse scale contrast. The fine scale contrast therefore masks the perception of motion (and sometimes depth) produced by the coarser scale contrast. Since the unblurred movies contain both fine and coarse scale contrast information, but the blurred movies contain only coarse scale contrast information, cells in the brain that respond to low spatial frequencies should respond equally to both blurred and unblurred movies. Since people undoubtedly differ in the optics of their eyes and most likely in the neural processes that resolve conflict across scales, the paper suggests that motion hybrid images illustrate trade-offs between spatial scales that are important for understanding individual differences in perceptions of the natural world.
Segments of cognitive responses towards local food safety concerns amongst international students in Ghana
Authors: Kofi Bansah Abednego , Adam Issahaku , Edem Hiamey Stephen 
Published: September 2021

Despite the attention paid to food safety research, few empirical works have used a non-reductionist perspective to understand how international consumers cognitively respond to local food safety conditions. Using the tri-component theorisation and the two-step clustering approach with the Kruskal Wallis test on a sample of 109 international students in Ghana, this study provides a non-reductionist cognitive segment of international students towards local food safety conditions in Ghana. The findings revealed that there are three cognitive segments of international consumers towards local food safety conditions, namely self-regards, pessimists, and epicureans. Self-assureds respond to their own self-cognition towards local food safety concerns but deny the cognition of others, moderately respond affectively and sometimes avoid local foods. Pessimists have a highly sensitive cognitive response towards local food safety conditions, high affective responses and avoid the consumption of local foods as a result, while epicureans do not cognitively respond to local food safety conditions, have low affective reactions and consume local foods regardless of the food safety conditions. The implications of these findings in the context of local food preparation, packaging, and handling as well as food safety regulations and marketing are discussed
The Failed Masculinist State in Africa: A Rejection of Phallic Man
Authors: Addai-Munumkum Theresa 
Published: September 2021

African literature is famous for the depiction of a type of politics that tends to reflect the reality on the ground, spanning a panorama of incompetent leadership to gross political corruption. As a result, writing about politics in Africa tends to be a risky undertaking as many creative writers who criticize political leadership and corrupt practices in their works end up being jailed. Using contemporary African literature to discuss the postcolonial African Political State, this paper explores the nature of the state in West Africa in three novels, Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People, Anthills of the Savannah and Sembene Ousmane’s Xala. Using the metaphor of an impotent masculinity, this paper argues that the political State in Africa is a failed one. From the dawn of independence to the era of democracy, the political state in Africa has had to grapple with failed leadership, corruption, injustice, the ever-widening gap between the rich and the poor etc., and it appears that these problems are becoming more.
Assessing urban methane emissions using column-observing portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and a novel Bayesian inversion framework
Authors: Jones Taylor S. , Franklin Jonathan E. , Chen Jia , Dietrich Florian , Hajny Kristian D. , Paetzold Johannes C. , Wenzel Adrian , Gately Conor , Gottlieb Elaine , Parker Harrison , Dubey Manvendra , Hase Frank , Shepson Paul B. , Mielke Levi H. , Wofsy Steven C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA, during a field campaign in May 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, which is somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (<5 ppb downwind of the city). We found diffuse methane emissions of 73(±22) mol s−1, which is about 50 % of the urban total and 68 % higher than estimated from bottom-up methods, although it is somewhat smaller than estimates from studies using tower and aircraft observations. The measurement and model techniques developed here address many of the challenges present when quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions and will help in the design of future measurement schemes in other cities.
From hydraulic root architecture models to macroscopic representations of root hydraulics in soil water flow and land surface models
Authors: Vanderborght Jan , Couvreur Valentin , Meunier Felicien , Schnepf Andrea , Vereecken Harry , Bouda Martin , Javaux Mathieu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Root water uptake is an important process in the terrestrial water cycle. How this process depends on soil water content, root distributions, and root properties is a soil–root hydraulic problem. We compare different approaches to implement root hydraulics in macroscopic soil water flow and land surface models. By upscaling a three-dimensional hydraulic root architecture model, we derived an exact macroscopic root hydraulic model. The macroscopic model uses the following three characteristics: the root system conductance, Krs, the standard uptake fraction, SUF,
which represents the uptake from a soil profile with a uniform hydraulic
head, and a compensatory matrix that describes the redistribution of water
uptake in a non-uniform hydraulic head profile. The two characteristics, Krs and SUF, are sufficient to describe the total uptake as a function of the collar and soil water potential, and water uptake redistribution does not depend on the total uptake or collar water potential. We compared the exact model with two hydraulic root models that make a priori simplifications of the hydraulic root architecture, i.e., the
parallel and big root model. The parallel root model uses only two
characteristics, Krs and SUF, which can be calculated directly following a bottom-up approach from the 3D hydraulic root architecture. The big root model uses more parameters than the parallel root model, but these parameters cannot be obtained straightforwardly with a bottom-up approach. The big root model was parameterized using a top-down approach, i.e., directly from root segment hydraulic properties, assuming a priori a single big root architecture. This simplification of the hydraulic root architecture led to less accurate descriptions of root water uptake than by the parallel root model. To compute root water uptake in macroscopic soil water flow and land surface models, we recommend the use of the parallel root model with Krs and SUF computed in a bottom-up approach from a known 3D root hydraulic architecture.
Predictors of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Mortality: A Single-center, Five-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Garcia-Espinosa Patricio , Botello-Hernández Edgar , Torres-Hernández Gabriela , Guerrero-Cavazos Clarissa , Villareal-Garza Estefania , Flores-Rodriguez Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Background: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) are abnormalities in intracranial vessels between the arterial and venous systems. This study aimed to identify the predictors of mortality in patients that presented to our hospital with AVMs, ruptured or unruptured, and correlate them to those available in the literature.
Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective study was performed to review data of patients with cerebral AVMs in the University Hospital “Dr José Eleuterio González” from January 2016 to December 2020. Clinical files were reviewed based on AVMs diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, ICD-10. Variables were subjected to a univariate analysis and those found significant (p-value < 0.05) were subjected to a logistic regression.
Results: A total of 80 patients were included in our study. Most of the participants were females (56.3%) and three were pregnant. The most common presenting symptom was holocranial headache (34 cases) occurring between the hours of 22:00 to 7:00. The most significant predictors of mortality were a total bleeding volume greater than 9.18 cm3 (p = 0.010), the presence of more than one symptom (p = 0.041), and a history of previous cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage (p = 0.014).
Conclusion: Results demonstrated an important association between intracranial bleeding and mortality. Ultimately, more prospective studies are needed to determine predictor factors for mortality in AVMs patients.
Iron-Rich Salt and Antioxidants from Sea Sponge with Added Moringa Leaves as Potential Food Ingredients in Efforts to Alleviate Anemia
Authors: Nurkolis Fahrul , Kumalawati Dian Aruni , Dewi Reza Sukma , Nahdi Maizer Said , Wewengkang Defny Silvia , Hardinsyah  , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Mayulu Nelly 
Published: September 2021

Based on the high prevalence of anemia of more than 24% population affected, the natural potential of Indonesia such as Sponge and Moringa leaves to be a salt product high in iron, and interconnection between this theoretical science and Islamic studies related to the utilization of natural materials, we want to explore how potential be a product that can be one of the efforts to alleviate anemia. Initial data collection to explore sponge types and types of plants rich in iron was done using data search portal NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) in the last five years starting from 2016/03/30 to 2021/03/28. Samples were formulated based on the comparison of seawater, sponge (Spongia sp), and moringa leaves in a composition as follows: Sample A (1:1:0.05), sample B (1:1:0.25), sample C (1:1:0.5) and control that did not use the addition of Moringa leaves (1:1). The analysis included testing antioxidant activity using DPPH, moisture content, NaCl, impurities sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and iron levels which were all done in three repetitions of each sample or triplicates and using analytical methods from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC).Sponge sp is a type of sea sponge that is easy to find in the Indonesian country and can be combined with moringa leaves whose availability is also abundant in Indonesia, as a potential salt high in iron. This study obtained salt granules as much as 0.92 ± 0.22 kg. There was no difference in the results of salt granules from each sample, and there was no difference in the level of fineness of salt granules, namely 20-35 mesh or equivalent to crude salt. However, there were differences in the level of chemical it contains. Samples B, C, and control correspond to SNI 3556:2016 based on percentage of moisture content, Fe, calcium impurities, sulfate impurities, and magnesium impurities in all three samples. However, it is known that sample C is the one that has the highest iron levels compared to B and control samples, which means that sample C is the best sample and has antioxidant activity that is in line with the purpose of this study, which is an effort to alleviate iron deficiency anemia. This salt is also a salt that is Halal Tayyiban, which means not only halal but also good and healthy if consumed.
The participation of a specialist in the investigation of crimes committed in prison settings
Authors: Кубанов Валерий Викторович 
Published: September 2021

Статья посвящена вопросам участия специалиста в раскрытии, расследовании и предупреждении преступлений, совершенных в условиях учреждений, обеспечивающих изоляцию от общества. Исследованы правовые аспекты привлечения специалиста к проведению следственных действий, вопросы организации деятельности наиболее востребованного на практике носителя специальных знаний - специалиста-криминалиста. Указаны специфические особенности пенитенциарной среды, предопределяющие необходимость привлечения специалиста к производству следственных действий. Выделены основные направления деятельности специалиста в ходе следственного осмотра. К таковым отнесены: применение технико-криминалистических средств; помощь в фиксации хода и результатов осмотра; разъяснение свойств и особенностей обнаруженных криминалистически значимых объектов. Затронуты вопросы использования заключения и показания специалиста в процессе доказывания. Высказано мнение о расширении спектра деятельности специалиста в соответствии с наделением его дополнительными функциями и увеличением количества процессуальных действий, предполагающих обязательное его участие. Это детерминировано постоянно растущим уровнем технической оснащенности современной преступности (в том числе в пенитенциарной среде) и, как следствие, изменениями правовой регламентации производства отдельных следственных действий.
The article is devoted to the participation of a specialist in the detection, investigation and prevention of crimes committed in institutions that provide isolation from society. Legal aspects of involvement of the expert in carrying out investigative actions, questions of the organization of activity of the carrier of special knowledge most demanded in practice - the specialist criminalist are investigated. The specific features of the penitentiary environment that determine the need to involve a specialist in the production of investigative actions are indicated. The main directions of activity of the expert during the investigative inspection are allocated. These include: the use of technical and forensic tools; assistance in fixing the course and results of the inspection; explanation of the properties and characteristics of the detected criminally significant objects. Questions of use of the conclusion and indications of the expert in the process of proof are touched upon. The opinion was expressed on expanding the range of activities of a specialist in criminal proceedings in accordance with giving him additional powers and increasing the number of procedural actions involving his mandatory participation. This is determined by the ever-growing level of technical equipment of modern crime (including in the penitentiary environment), and, as a consequence, changes in the legal regulation of the production of individual investigative actions.