bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Ventilation Enhances Acinetobacter Baumannii-induced Lung Injury Through JNK&nbsp;Pathways
Authors: Tsay Tzyy-Bin , Chang Wan-Hsuan , Hsu Ching-Mei , Chen Lee-Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) often received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and Acinetobacter baumannii (A.b.) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) were the most common pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanism of mechanical ventilation (MV) on A.b.-induced lung injury and the involvement of alveolar macrophages (AMs).Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase knockout (JNK1−/−) mice received MV for 3 h at 2 days after nasal instillation of A.b., P.a. (1 × 106 colony-forming unit, CFU), or normal saline.Results: Intranasal instillation of 106 CFU A.b. in C57BL/6 mice induced a significant increase in total cells and protein levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. MV after A.b. instillation increases neutrophil infiltration, interleukin (IL)-6 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) mRNA expression in the lungs and total cells, IL-6 levels, and nitrite levels in the BALF. The killing activity of AMs against A.b. was lower than against P.a. The diminished killing activity was parallel with decreased tumor necrosis factor-α production by AMs compared with with A.b. Moreover, MV decreased the A.b. and P.a. killing activity of AMs. MV after A.b. instillation induced less total cells in the BALF and nitrite production in the serum of JNK1-/- mice than those of WT mice.Conclusion: A.b. is potent in inducing neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and total protein in the BALF. MV enhances A.b.-induced lung injury through an increase in the expression of VCAM and IL-6 levels in the BALF and a decrease in the bacteria-killing activity of AMs. A lower inflammation level in JNK1-/- mice indicates that A.b.-induced VAP causes lung injury through JNK signaling pathway in the lungs.
The effects of different travel modes on COVID-19 transmission in global cities
Authors: Zhu Rui , Anselin Luc , Batty Michael , Guan Mei-Po , Chen Min , Luo Wei , Cheng Tao , Lim Che , Santi Paolo , Cheng Cheng , Gu Qiushi , Wong Man , Zhang Kai , Lü Guonian , Ratti Carlo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have been focused primarily on modelling and predicting the transmission of COVID-19. While little research has been conducted to understand the impacts of different travel modes on the transmission of COVID-19, without an explicit understanding of the travel mode effects, many people intuitively perceive non-motorized travel modes to be safer than public transit as passengers in public transit are confined to small, enclosed spaces where the virus can transmit more easily. During the period when urban mobility gradually returns towards what was called ‘normal’ and transit systems and urban facilities reopen, new waves of the pandemic might be generated as travel mode choices significantly differ across cities and different travel behaviors are associated with diverse infectious sources. Thus, the current study focuses on understanding the impact of different travel modes on the transmission of COVID-19 in the long-term and at world-wide scales, aspects that have not received much attention in the research literature. Accordingly, a multivariate time series analysis has been developed to examine the impacts of daily confirmed cases and travel modes, based on driving, public transit, and walking as recorded in the Apple Mobility Trends Reports on COVID-19 transmission risks in 71 cities throughout the world from January to November 2020. The impact of population density in built-up areas and the degree to which the `wearing' of facemasks affects infections are also investigated. Among the three travel modes we examine, driving is the safest way to commute because drivers are physically separate from crowds. Unexpectedly, walking has a relatively low risk when the population density in built-up areas is high, which suggests that, globally, people have increased awareness of pandemic prevention. Although the general public is more worried about using public transit, this mode can still be safe in many large cities, a factor that is vital for informing policy making and developing trust among citizens so they will continue to commute using public transit when strict preventative measures are in place. From another perspective, infectious sources make the largest contribution to daily confirmed cases, thus demonstrating the importance of strict quarantine measures to block the source of infection. The results and conclusions presented herein are based on an analysis of spatio-temporal data that helps inform policy making and enable cities to be kept open when controlling the pandemic, which has become an urgent task for the international community when rebuilding the economy.
Influence of Ni2+ Ions on the Structural, Morphological, Photoluminescence, Photo-Catalytic and Anti-Bacterial Studies of Cd0.9Zn0.1S Nanostructures
Authors: Raju P. , Jesuraj Joseph Prince , Muthukumaran S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Controlled synthesis of Cd0.9Zn0.1S and Cd0.89Zn0.1Ni0.01S nanostructures by chemical co-precipitation route was reported. The XRD analysis confirmed the cubic structure of CdS on Zn doping and Zn, Ni dual doping without any secondary/impurity phases and no alteration in cubic phase was noticed by Zn/Ni addition. The shrinkage of crystallite size from 69 Å to 43 Å and the variation in lattice constants and micro-strain were described by the addition of Ni and the defects associated with Ni2+ ions. The enhanced optical absorbance in the visible wavelength and the reduced energy gap by Ni substitution showed that Cd0.89Zn0.1Ni0.01S nanostructures are useful to improve the efficiency of opto-electronic devices. The functional groups of Cd-S / Zn-Cd-S /Zn/Ni-Cd-S and their chemical bonding were verified by Fourier transform infrared studies. The elevated visible PL emissions such as blue and green emissions by Ni addition was explained by worsening of crystallite size and generation of more defects. Zn, Ni dual doped CdS nanostructures are identified as the probable an efficient photo-catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue dye. The liberation of more charge carriers, better visible absorbance, improved surface to volume ratio and the creation of more defects are accountable for the current photo-catalytic activity in Zn/Ni doped CdS which exhibited better photo-catalytic activity after sex cycling process. The noticed higher bacterial killing ability at Ni doped Cd0.9Zn0.1S is due to the collective effect of lower particle/grain size and also higher ROS producing capacity.
What Can Student-Generated Animations Tell Us About Students’ Conceptions of Evolution?
Authors: Orraryd Daniel , Tibell Lena A. E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background A large body of research investigate student´s conceptions and emphasizes that students have alternative conceptions about causes of evolutionary changes. The conventional way to monitor students’ conceptions are through inventories where researchers analyze their written answers. However, textbooks are being increasingly complemented with, or even replaced by, various multimedia materials and multiple modes are used to communicate evolutionary processes. This has profound implications for students’ learning, and the test format may influence which knowledge they present. The goal of this exploratory study is therefore to expand the understanding of students’ conceptions of evolution through natural selection by applying student-generated stop-motion animations to disclose students’ conceptions. Forty-seven Swedish upper secondary school students generated eighteen animations concerning evolution through natural selection. We analysed the animations qualitatively using content analysis recording key concepts, alternative conceptions and connections in organizational levels and time. This analysis was related to the analysis of the students written explanations of a case of evolutionary change. Results Our study highlights some of the benefits and limitations of using these two assessment forms. Concerning alternative concepts, a clear difference between the results of the two methods of assessment was observed. In particular, the alternative conception essentialism was show to a lesser extent in the student’s animations than in their written responses, while natural selection as an event became more prevalent. ConclusionsThese findings support the view that students’ expression of different misconceptions is influenced by the context and representational form. The work also reveals that generating stop-motion animations to explain scientific concepts is an engaging approach that stimulates students to explore their understanding in a creative and personal manner, which potentially is positive for engagement and learning. The potential for complementing standard paper and pen tests with tasks that encompass stop-motion animations is discussed further.
Policy Options for Adapting Health Care Providers to New Situations in the Workplace During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Iran
Authors: Babaei Nasib , Avazeh Marziyeh , Doshmangir Leila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe rapid change in the situation of health care centers following the sudden onset of the Covid-19 pandemic led to working challenges, role changes, and the transfer of staff to a new and unfamiliar workplace. The aim of this study was to develop policy options to adapt health care providers to the new situation in the workplace during the Covid-19 pandemic as health system planners and policymakers prepare and implement an intervention action plan with more confidence in choosing the best and most effective strategies.MethodsTo identify the problem or issue and developing a policy document, first a comprehensive review of literature was carried out using national and international databases. The keywords used were "Health care provider", "Employees adaptation", "Professional adaptation", "Managing roles", "Covid-19", "SARS-Cov-‎‎2", and "Critical Care". The views of health care providers in the Covid-19 pandemic, personal observations and experiences were also used. Finally, in order to categorize the interventions and present policy options, seven national health system experts were consulted to comment on policy options until the interventions were substantiated and a policy document was developed and presented.ResultsAccording to the criteria of effectiveness, feasibility, appropriateness, sustainability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness compared to policy options, 31 interventions were found. After consulting experts to categorize the interventions and strategies, based on the defined criteria including appropriate to the target population, culturally and ethically acceptable, acceptable to the officials and stakeholders and context compatibility, three policy options were considered for implementation. These three policy options include; creating an activation system of flexible and efficient employees with adjustment of personnel roles, adequate training of health care personnel about working conditions with Covid-19 patients, and creating a supportive and motivational work environment.ConclusionsThe developed policy options in our study, while highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of each option, provide key policy directions for adapting healthcare providers to the new workplace situation during the Covid-19 pandemic and other future crises. None of the policy options are considered alone, but using options together will be effective.
Correlation between the imaging manifestations of cerebellar infarction and the clinical characteristics of patients: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wei Lai , Zhang Kangwei , Meng Jinqian , Ni Jiong , Wang Peijun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the imaging manifestations of cerebellar infarction and the clinical characteristics of patients.
Methods

A total of 83 patients with acute cerebellar infarction were included in this analysis. The NIHSS score, TOAST classification, CT and MRI examinations and serum laboratory tests were performed. The statistics of the data were carried out through descriptive statistics, T test and analysis of variance.
Results

Hyperlipidemia (66.3%), hypertension (77.1%) and carotid atherosclerosis (97.6%) were the main underlying causes of cerebellar infarction. Ataxia (67.5%) and brainstem syndrome (60.2%) were main clinical manifestations. Patients with NIHSS score ≤ 5 accounted for the majority (87.9%) and SAO (43.3%) and LAA (50.6%) were the main TOAST classifications. The cerebellar infarction caused by obstruction of SCA accounted for the majority (69.9%) and there was no statistical difference in the detection ability of CTA and MRA (P > 0.05). The incidence of left hemisphere cerebellar infarction was the highest (56.7%) and MRI showed an absolute advantage in showing the area of cerebellar infarction compared with CT (P < 0.001). The serum concentrations of D-dimer, LDL, and triglycerides were higher in patients with high NIHSS scores than in those with low scores (P < 0.05), while the serum HDL levels were just the opposite (P < 0.05). The serum D-dimer concentrations in patients classified as CE by TOAST were higher than that in patients classified as LAA and SAO (P < 0.05), while the serum concentrations of LDL were just the opposite (P < 0.05). The lesion sizes of cerebellar infarction were negatively related to the patient's serum HDL concentrations (P < 0.05) but it positively correlated with the NIHSS scores (P < 0.05). The patients classified as LAA had larger lesion sizes of cerebellar infarction than those classified as SAO and CE (P < 0.001).
Conclusions

CTA and MRA are comparable in showing the stenosis and obstruction of the cerebellar artery. However, MRI has an absolute advantage in showing the area of cerebellar infarction. The serum concentrations of D-dimer, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides are correlated with the patient’s NIHSS scores, TOAST classification and infarct sizes, which are helpful in evaluating the condition of the disease.
Treatment of 27 Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Bojescu Mihai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis research paper analyzes how to treat cancer with a virus. It is known since the 1960s that viruses could be used to fight against cancers.MethodsTo answer this question, we analyzed the receptors that mutates when the genetic code becomes corrupt, then we analyzed the standard VP1 protein of two viruses of the same family. After that, we combined these two elements. Then we studied the REP genes and their impact on the virus entrance and replication. Finally, we examined the protocol of the synthesis of a rAAV. ResultsOur results showed that the protocol is applicable and that we would obtain a virus specially designed to kill the cancer cells. This virus would have a fully operational DNA, which would contain the VP1/2/3 genomic code, the REP genes and the ITR regions. ConclusionThis research is only theoretical, and all the steps and methods are based on a strong theoretic basis. The experimentation has not been made. We did not have the material to test them, but we tried to take all the impacting factors in consideration. Our study has shown that a treatment against cancer consisting of a virus could be possible.
Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and BDNF Up-Regulating Properties in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of the Essential Oil of Alpinia Zerumbet in Mice: A Comparative Study With Olanzapine
Authors: Araújo Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de , Filho Adriano José Maia Chaves , Nunes Adriana Mary , Oliveira Gersilene Valente de , Gomes Patrícia Xavier Lima , Vasconcelos Germana Silva , Carletti Jaqueline , Moraes Manoel Odorico de , Moraes Maria Elisabete de , Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes , Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço de , Lucena David Freitas de , Macedo Danielle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The current drug therapy for schizophrenia effectively treats acute psychosis and its recurrence; however, this mental disorder’s cognitive and negative symptoms are still poorly controlled. Antipsychotics present important side effects, such as weight gain and extrapyramidal effects. The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) leaves presents potential antipsychotic properties that need further preclinical investigation. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of EAOZ in the prevention and reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms (positive, negative, and cognitive) induced by ketamine (KET) repeated administration in mice and putative neurobiological mechanisms related to this effect. To this end, we evaluated antioxidant (GSH, nitrite levels), anti-inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6], and neurotrophic [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] effects of this oil in hippocampal tissue. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) was used as standard drug therapy. EOAZ, similarly to OLZ, prevented and reversed most KET-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits and social impairment. EOAZ had a modest effect on the prevention of KET-associated working memory deficit. Compared to OLZ, EOAZ showed a more favorable side effects profile, inducing less cataleptic and weight gain changes. EOAZ efficiently protected the hippocampus against KET-induced oxidative imbalance, IL-6 increments, and BDNF impairment. In conclusion, our data add more mechanistic evidence for the anti-schizophrenia effects of EOAZ, based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and BDNF up-regulating actions. The absence of significant side effects observed in current antipsychotic drug therapy seems to be an essential benefit of the oil.
Evaluation&nbsp;of&nbsp;Geometric&nbsp;Similarity&nbsp;Metrics&nbsp;for&nbsp;Structural&nbsp;Clusters&nbsp;Generated&nbsp;using&nbsp;Topology&nbsp;Optimization
Authors: Dommaraju Nivesh , Bujny Mariusz , Menzel Stefan , Olhofer Markus , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In an engineering design process, multitudes of feasible designs can be automatically generated using structural optimization methods by varying the design requirements or user preferences for different performance objectives. Design exploration of such potentially large datasets is a challenging task. An unsupervised data-centric approach for exploring designs is to find clusters of similar designs and recommend only the cluster representatives as designs for review. Similarity can be defined on a purely functional level but also based on the geometric properties, such as size, shape, and topology, which are important at the early stages of design engineering. Different metrics exist to measure geometrical differences, e.g., voxel distance, chamfer distances, or Euclidean distance in the reduced representation of the high-dimensional 3D geometric data. It is not clear which of the numerous metrics is best suited for exploring designs obtained in structural optimization. For example, chamfer distance intuitively measures the geometrical differences but is expensive. Euclidean distance with low-dimensional geometric features, when meaningful, provides features that can be associated with designs, which eases the visualization and exploration of a design dataset. To evaluate different metrics in the context of design exploration, we propose a novel approach to quantify certain useful properties of a metric such as the ability to capture intuitive geometrical differences and to identify similar designs in topologically-complex synthetic datasets using clustering, an unsupervised machine learning method. From our results, we conclude that dimensionality reduction techniques, namely, UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), and PCAE (Pointcloud Autoencoder) are promising in encoding geometric features that enable us to integrate geometrical properties with performance attributes.
Increasing Utility of Google Trends in Monitoring Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Senecal Conor , Mahowald Madeline , Lerman Lilach , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Lerman Amir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and in the world. Patients are increasingly using internet search to find health-related information, including searches for cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. We sought to evaluate the change in the state by state correlation of cardiovascular disease and risk factors with Google Trends search volumes. Methods: Data on cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and risk factor prevalence were obtained from the publically available CDC website from 2006-2018. Google Trends data were obtained for matching conditions and time periods. Simple linear regression was performed to evaluate for an increase in correlation over time. Results: Hospitalizations for six separate cardiovascular disease conditions showed moderate to strong correlation with online search data in the last period studied (heart failure (0.58, P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (0.57, P<0.001), coronary heart disease (0.58, P<0.001), myocardial infarction (0.70, P<0.001), stroke (0.62, P<0.001), cardiac dysrhythmia (0.46, P<0.001)). All diseases studied showed a positive increase in correlation throughout the time period studied (P<0.05). All five of the cardiovascular risk factors studied showed strong correlation with online search data; diabetes (R=0.78, P<0.001), cigarette use (R=0.79, P<0.001), hypertension (R=0.81, P<0.001), high cholesterol (R=0.59, P<0.001), obesity (R=0.80, P<0.001). Three of the five showed an increasing correlation over time. Conclusion: The prevalence of and hospitalizations for cardiovascular conditions in the United States strongly correlate with online search volumes nationwide and when analyzed by state. This relationship has progressively strengthened or been strong and stable over recent years for these conditions. Google Trends represents an increasingly valuable tool for evaluating the burden of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the United States.
Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles and particles reveals the cellular response to cisplatin in NSCLC
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Wang Lujuan , Yin Na , Chen Anqi , Yi Junqi , Tang Jingqun , Xiang Juanjuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a first-line therapeutic strategy against Non Small Cell Lung Cancer. However, cancers relapse months or years after chemotherapy due to a dormant state of residual cancer cells. Great efforts have been made to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict the relapse after a peroid of dormancy. Extracellular vesicles and extracellular particles (EVPs) have been considered to be active carriers of proteins and nucleic acid.
Methods

The proteome of lung cancer cells in dormant and reactivated states after treatement of cisplatin was analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D-nLC-MS/MS).Then we compared the EVPs from cisplatin-responsive cancer cells and their gene transcriptional profiles.
Results

We found that apolipoproteins such as APOA1, APOE were significantly increased in dormant cancer cell-derived EVPs.Integration of EVP proteomes with transcriptional profiles of cancer cells revealed that the proteomic profiling of EVP derived from cancer cells can reflect the cellular status of cancer cells, which showed an activated lipid metabolism in dormant state. The activated lipid metabolism may provide the building blocks necessary for the following cancer cell proliferation in activated state.
Conclusions

Taken together,our study found that lipoproteins enriched in EVPs reflect the activated lipid metabolism in dormant cancer cells. It will provide predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cisplatin-induced dormant cancer cells.