bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication Of Geological Domains Data For Modeling And Estimating Resources From Nkout Iron Deposit (South-Cameroun)
Authors: William Boroh Andre , Yvan Sore-Gamo Koutou , Mohamed Ayiwouo Ngounouno , Bertrand Gbambié Mbowou Isaac , Ismaïla Ngounouno 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to determine whether the addition of geological information can improve the resource estimate of mineral resources. The geochemical data used come from 116 drill holes in the Nkout East iron deposit in southern Cameroon. These geochemical data are modeled on Surpac and Isatis softwares to represent the 3D geochemical distribution of iron in the deposit. Statistical analysis and then a variographic study is performed to study the spatial variability of iron. Estimation domains were defined based on the results of geological and geochemical analyses. Four domains were determined. These domains are in particular, the saprolitic domain; the poor domain or fresh rocks such as amphibolites, granites and gneisses; the rich domain or oxidized rocks (BIF) and the metasediment domain. Block modeling of the deposit is performed to estimate the resource. The grade of each block was estimated by using ordinary kriging and composites from each domain. This study also consisted of comparing two types of estimate, notably the domain estimate and the global estimate. The cross-validation made it possible to authenticate the obtained models. From this comparison, the domain estimation brings more precision the global estimate precisely on the error analysis while if we take into account the point clouds of the predicted and estimated values, the estimation by geochemical modelling provides the best results.
Enhancing the ecological value of tropical agriculture through set-asides
Authors: Bicknell Jake , O'Hanley Jesse , Armsworth Paul , Slade Eleanor , Deere Nicolas , Mitchell Simon , Hemprich-Bennett David , Kemp Victoria , Rossiter Stephen , Lewis Owen , Coomes David , Agama Agnes , Reynolds Glen , Struebig Matthew , Davies Zoe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Agricultural expansion across the tropics is the primary driver of biodiversity declines and ecosystem service degradation. However, efforts to mitigate these negative impacts may reduce commodity production. We quantify trade-offs between oil palm cultivation and ecological outcomes (biodiversity, above-ground carbon storage and dung nutrient cycling) across different potential set-aside (uncultivated areas in agricultural landscapes) strategies. We show that all set-aside configurations yield substantial gains in ecological outcomes. The best strategy involves spatially targeted riparian reserves, such as those used in oil palm certification schemes, where species occurrence can be doubled without reducing overall cultivation area. Adopting this strategy throughout the 8 million hectares of plantations in Borneo would lead to extensive improvements in ecological outcomes without losses to production area, and consequently, enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Effect of different parameters on the tensile properties of printed Polylactic acid samples by FDM: Experimental design tested with MDs simulation
Authors: Farazin Ashkan , Mohammadimehr Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fused Depositional Modeling (FDM) is one of the common methods for 3D printing of polymers, which is expanding in various industrial applications, scientific researches, and engineering applications due to its ability to make complex parts. In this research, molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation has been used to predict the physical and mechanical properties. Then, the mechanical properties of the printed parts are obtained. The mechanical properties of 3D printed parts strongly depend on the correct selection of processing parameters. In this study, the effect of three important parameters such as infill density, printing speed, and layer thickness are investigated on the tensile properties of PLA specimens. For this purpose, standard specimens with four infill densities of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, two speeds of 20 mm/s, and 40 mm/s, and two thicknesses of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm are printed and tested under quasi-static tensile test. In all printed specimens, the print angle is ± 45°. The experimental results show that the infill density in comparison to the other two parameters has significant effect on mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength, and failure strain. According to these results, by increasing the infill density, the stiffness and strength of the specimens increases considerably. At infill density of 80%, the specimens has the highest stiffness and strength, but it exhibits a brittle behavior. Moreover, it can be deduced that by reducing the layer thickness although the modulus of elasticity increases a little, ductility is greatly affected.
High Serum Complement Component C4 as An Unique Predictor of Unfavorable Outcomes in Diabetic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Ximeng , Yin Jun , Shao Kai , Yang M. Le , Liu Wei , Wang Yiqing , Diao Shanshan , Huang Shicun , Xue Qun , Ni Jianqiang , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: Previous studies demonstrated that diabetic stroke patient had a poor prognosis and excess activation of the complement system in the peripheral blood. In this study, the association of serum complement levels with prognosis of diabetic stroke was examined. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and were divided into two groups according to the history of diabetes. Baseline data on the admission including C3 and C4 were collected. Neurologic function at discharge was the primary outcome and was quantified by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: A total of 426 patients with acute ischemic stroke (116 diabetic stroke and 310 non-diabetic stroke) were recruited in this study. There were significant differences on hypertension, CHD, TG, HDL, FGB, C4, and mortality rate between two groups. Furthermore, the values of complement protein levels were divided into tertiles. In diabetic stroke group, serum C4 level at acute phase in the upper third was independently associated with NIHSS score at discharge and concurrent infection. This associations were not significant in non-diabetic stroke. Conclusion: High serum C4 level at admission, as an unique significant predictor, was associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in the diabetic stroke, independently of traditional risk factors.
Are energy labels good enough for consumers? Experimental evidence on online appliance purchases
Authors: d'Adda Giovanna , Gao Yu , Tavoni Massimo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We evaluate the impact of adding simple, accurate information to energy labels on consumers’ purchases through a large-scale field experiment with an online retailer of energy-using durables. In addition to the energy efficiency grades and energy usage information included in the standard EU labelling, we provide energy cost information at different aggregation levels. We find that providing lifetime energy costs leads to greater attention paid to low energy-efficiency class products during the search process and more purchasing, but has little impact on energy consumption in kWh or total cost of the products being purchased. Our results suggest that although customers do not understand the labels accurately, they still make nearly optimal decisions based on the coarse signals provided by labels. This is encouraging from a policy perspective because labels simplify the decision process and did not hurt economic-efficiency.
Pre-operative Predicting Model of Early Tumor Recurrence Outside the Milan Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hung Hao-Chien , Lee Jin-Chiao , Wang Yu-Chao , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Wu Tsung-Han , Lee Chen-Fang , Wu Ting-Jung , Chou Hong-Shiue , Chan Kun-Ming , Lee Wei-Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. Liver resection is a primary curative treatment for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the outcomes are impeded by early tumor recurrence. This study aimed to establish a prediction model which could predict tumor recurrence outside the Milan criteria prior to liver resection.Methods. A cohort of 891 HCC patients who had curative liver resections were reviewed. HCC recurrence was divided into 4 groups: early recurrence inside the Milan criteria (ER-MI), early recurrence outside the Milan criteria (ER-MO), late recurrence inside the Milan criteria (LR-MI), and late recurrence outside the Milan criteria (LR-MO). The risk factors of ER-MO were analyzed to establish a prediction model.Results: During a median follow-up of 83.4 months, 589 (66.1%) patients developed recurrent HCC. Among 589 patients, 276 (31.0%), 86 (9.6%), 46 (5.2%) and 181(23.3%) patients were in ER-MO, ER-MI, LR-MO and LR-MI groups, respectively. In multivariate analysis of pre-operative factors, large tumors, non-single tumors, high α-fetoprotein level, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and high indocyanine green retention were the independent predictors of ER-MO. By adjusting the weight of independent risk factors into scores and stratifying patients into class I, II, III and IV according to score 0, 2-6, 7-10 and ≥11, ER-MO events at 24 months were 12.5%, 22.5%, 45.4% and 66.3% for class I, II, III and IV, respectively (P< 0.05).Conclusions. A risk scoring model was built and could predict ER-MO based on pre-operative factors. This scoring model would be helpful for sharing the decision marking of treatments with patients.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among International Postgraduate Students in a Uk University: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ejim Olivia C. , Livanou Maria , Khan Harun , Lindenmeyer Antje , Uwom Chinedum , Manaseki-Holland Semira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the prevalence of DAS among postgraduate international students in the UK. The study aimed to determine in these students the prevalence, associated individual characteristics, life and academic challenges related to DAS and suicidal thoughts, and management strategies used by the affected students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a large English university. Self-selected postgraduate international students, aged 20-50 years, participated through online and paper questionnaires. The World Health Organisation’s Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to indicate the presence of DAS. Additional open questions explored social and academic challenges, and coping strategies. Results: Amongst the 289 participants, 43% (n=123) presented with DAS and 12% (n=34) experienced suicidal thoughts. In the multivariate analysis, significant independent predictors (p≤0.05) were length of stay in the UK (>3 years) and studying in a certain faculty. Significant challenges associated with DAS included relationship issues, inadequate finances, homesickness, difficulty carrying out domestic chores, problem finding a community with shared cultural/religious values, change of climate, and perceived insufficient support from university staff. Coping strategies included talking to academic advisors/tutors, friends/family in the UK or their home country. Of all students with DAS and suicidal thoughts, 25% and 21%, respectively sought medical help, and 17% and 32% were on medication.Conclusion: International postgraduates had higher rates of DAS and suicidal thoughts than the UK population. A low percentage sought medical help, which has implications for service planning. A model of influencing factors is presented, requiring future studies.
Female fatality due to cholera was higher than male. Studies of four cholera epidemics in the Poznań Province in the second half of the 19th century
Authors: Liczbinska Grazyna , Králík Miroslav 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Males and females differ in terms of patterns of morbidity and mortality resulting from diseases. It has been tested whether cholera epidemics killed selectively by sex in historical populations. Four cholera epidemics in the Poznań Province: 1852, 1855, 1866, and 1873 have been studied. Data have been derived from death registers of the selected parishes located on the territory of the Poznań Province. In total, the information about 34, 655 individual cases, with the causes of deaths recognized, has been used, encompassing 18,243 males and 16,325 females. More females than males died in the periods of cholera epidemics than in non- epidemic ones. The values of sex ratio at death from cholera (SRDCh) during the earlier epidemics (1852, 1855) and later epidemics (1866, 1873) were 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. A significant variances in the sex ratio at death (SRD) have been observed between the cholera epidemics periods (SRD=0.89) and non-epidemic periods (SRD=1.13) in Poznań. The gender-specific cholera death rates could have been related to the division of social roles between women and men. Women more frequently than men had contact with contaminated water, e.g. when preparing and cooking meals, feeding, caring for and washing children and caring for sick family members.
Facile Synthesis of SnS Nanostructures With Different Morphologies for Supercapcitor and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Dar Mohd Arif , Govindarajaran D. , Dar Gulam Nabi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, Tin Sulfide (SnS) nanoparticles is synthesized with three different solvents through hydrothermal method and characterized by using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–Drs spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X- ray spectrum, Supercapcitor and photovoltaic performance. XRD patterns indicate that the prepared SnS nanoparticles exist in the orthorhombic phase. The SEM analysis clearly picturize the morphological changes in the SnS nanoparticles synthesized through different solvents. The UV-Drs spectrum gives direct energy band gap which lies between 1.0 eV to 2.0 eV. The FT-IR spectrum explains various functional groups present in the SnS nanoparticles. The prepared SnS counter electrodes (CEs) showed good electrocatalytic activity in the redox reaction of the I−/I3−. The efficiency of SnS-e, SnS-a and SnS-m counter electrodes are 9.99 %, 9.90 % and 9.86 % in Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) than that of platinum counter electrode which is 9.80 %. The specific capacitance of 284 F/g is obtained for SnS-e electrode at a current density of 5 A/g and an energy density of 216 Wh/kg corresponding to power density value of 1.6 KWh/kg which proves SnS-e electrode possesses better capacitive performance.
Decades of tree planting in Northern India had little effect on forest density and rural livelihoods
Authors: Coleman Eric , Schultz Bill , Ramprasad Vijay , Fischer Harry , Rana Pushpendra , Filippi Anthony , Güneralp Burak , Ma Andong , Solorzano Claudia Rodrriguez , Guleria Vijay , Rana Rajesh , Fleischman Forrest 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Myriad scholars, policymakers, and practitioners advocate tree planting as a climate mitigation strategy and to support local livelihoods. But, is the broad appeal of tree planting supported by evidence? We report estimated impacts from decades of tree planting in Northern India. We find that tree plantings have not, on average, increased the proportion of dense forest cover, and have modestly shifted species composition away from the broadleaf varieties valued by local people. Supplementary analysis from household livelihood surveys show that, in contrast to narratives of forest dependent people being supported by tree planting, there are few direct users of these plantations and their dependence is low. We conclude that decades of expensive tree planting programs have not proved effective.
Evaluating the Performance of ACR, SLICC and EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria in Childhood onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Abdwani Reem , AlMasroori Eman , Abdalla Eiman , Abrawi Safiya Al , AlZakwani Ibrahim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:
The ACR 1997, SLICC 2012 and EULAR/ACR 2019 classification criteria were validated based on adult patients. To date, there are no classification criteria specific for children with SLE. The aim of the study is to compare the performance characteristics among the three SLE classification criterias (ACR-1997, SLICC-2012 and EULAR/ACR-2019) in childhood onset SLE (cSLE) cohort of Arab ethnicity from Oman.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective multicenter study of cSLE patients as cases and patients with other rheumatic disease with a positive ANA titer as controls. Data were retrospectively collected to establish the ACR-1997, SLICC-2012 and EULAR/ACR-2019 criteria fulfilled at first visit, first year follow up and last follow up.
Results:
Study population included 113 cSLE cases (mean age at diagnosis 7.3 ± 3.4 years with disease duration 6.1 ± 4.6 years) and 51 controls (mean age at diagnosis 5.0 ± 3.4 with disease duration 5.7 ± 3.9). The performance measures demonstrated that EULAR/ACR-2019 criteria had the highest sensitivity (81%, 88%, 89%) compared to ACR 1997 ( 49%, 57%, 66%) and SLICC 2012 (76%, 84%,86%); while the ACR 1997 had the highest specificity (96%) compared to SLICC 2012 (94%) and EULAR/ACR 2019 ( 90%) at first visit, first year and last assessment. When we increased the threshold score to ≥ 13 rather than the traditional score ≥ 10 for ACR/EULAR 2019, there was increased specificity (96%) at the expense of lower sensitivity (76%, 83%, and 84%) at first visit, first year and last assessment.
Conclusion:
In this cSLE population, EULAR/ACR 2019 scored better at initial presentation, first year and last assessment follow up. Further multinational studies are needed to validate the appropriate cut off score for the newly proposed ACR/EULAR 2019 classification criteria in cSLE to increase early sensitivity and specificity for cSLE classification.
Methane Production Using Brewery Spent Grain: Optimal Hydrothermolysis, Fermentation Of Waste And Role Of Microbial Populations
Authors: Gomes Marina Mauro , Rabelo Camila Abreu Borges Silva , Sakamoto Isabel Kimiko , Silva Edson Luiz , Varesche Maria Bernadete Amâncio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The hydrothermolysis variables temperature (150 - 210 °C) and time (10 - 20 minutes) were assessed to improve hydrolysis efficiency of brewery spent grain (BSG) for renewable energy generation. The intensification of the pretreatment was expressed by the severity variation (2.8 - 4.5) and the process was optimized with methane production of 411.6 ± 7.2 mL. g -1 STV (severity 4.2). The fermentation-methanogenesis of BSG and hydrolysate resulting from BSG hydrothermolysis process under severity of 4.2 (210 o C for 10 min.) was evaluated by central composite design (CCD) with the variables operation temperature (30 - 60 °C), BSG concentration (7.3 - 20.7 g.L -1 ) and hydrolysate (0 - 12.4 mL). The higher methane production observed was 305.8 mL.g -1 STV, with 14 g.L -1 of BSG, without hydrolysate at 45 °C. The main soluble metabolites were acetic acid (233.17 mg.L -1 ) and butyric acid (156.0 mg.L -1 ). On other hand, the lower methane production (108.5 ± 2.0 mL. g -1 STV) verified was 14 g.L -1 of BSG, 6.5 mL of hydrolysate at 60 °C, which revealed that in this condition propionic acid (947.4 mg.L -1 ) and acetic acid (599.2 mg.L -1 ) were expressive. In the optimal fermentation-methanogenic condition of pretreated BSG, Macellibacteroides and Sphaerochaeta (15.9 and 14.7%, respectively) were identified, as well as archaea similar to Methanosaeta (80.4%), favoring the acetoclastic methanogenic pathway.
Corn Diseases Recognition Method Based on Multi-feature Fusion and Improved Deep Belief Network
Authors: Fan Xiangpeng , Zhou Jianping , Xu Yan , Yang Jingjing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The automatic monitoring timely and accurately of crop diseases has become an important research field in the process of intelligent management of precision agriculture. Aiming at the low application rate of current crop disease identification methods in real field environment, a disease identification method based on multi-feature fusion and improved deep belief network is proposed. We Obtained representative samples in the field, and augmented the data set. K-means clustering segmentation and morphological corrosion processing were utilized to obtain segmentation maps with clear boundaries and low noise. Then color features, shape features and textures of disease images were extracted and they were fused to normalize as input data. A corn disease recognition model based on deep belief network was designed, using labeled and unlabeled dual hidden layer network structure to study the DBN hidden layer node combination. We obtained the optimal hidden layer node number combination method for disease classification: [26,85,29,4], and the accuracy of DBN was 92.79%. On this basis, the deep belief network recognition model was optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experiment indicated that recognition effect using multi-feature fusion as input vectors was better than a single feature. The improved PSO-DBN had a faster convergence speed than the standard DBN, it has a recognition accuracy of 3.86% higher than that of DBN. Compared with state-of-the-art methods including SVM, ANN and CNN models, the proposed deep belief network can effectively dig deep into the digital features of disease areas or lesions and has the best performance, which could meet the needs of intelligent identification of field diseases.
Experience of Autistic Children and Their Families During the Pandemic: From Distress to Coping Strategies
Authors: Jacques Claudine , Saulnier Geneviève , Ethier Agnès , Soulières Isabelle 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background. As the COVID-19 pandemic unfolded during Spring 2020, families experienced multiple upheavals, including lockdown, school closures and ruptures in professional services. We wanted to better understand the experience of autistic children and their families in times of crisis. Methods. 109 parents of autistic children (2.6–18 years) and 56 autistic children (5.75–18 years) from Quebec (Canada) completed an online survey about needs, barriers and facilitators to coping with the pandemic. Quantitative data were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-squares and open-ended questions with thematic analysis. Results. Half of the parents and children considered the pandemic to be a stressful time. Parents who expressed concerns about their child’s development and difficulty managing their child’s behaviors during the pandemic were significantly more likely than other parents to report these concerns before the pandemic, along with the following challenges during the pandemic: social isolation, having to pursue academic goals, feeling powerless over their child’s behaviors and no routine during the pandemic (all p < 0.05). Maintaining social relationships and implementing appropriate strategies, such as a routine, were identified as facilitators by both parents and children. Among children, 92.9% associated technologies with their well-being, but many parents saw too much access to electronics by their child as a barrier, suggesting a need to better understand and use autistic interests. Conclusion. Both autistic children and their parents identified social isolation as one of the main difficulties during the pandemic. We also need to consider autistic characteristics and children’s interests to implement emergency accommodations and services.