bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Philogenetic Analysis of <I>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</I> Strains from the Sarydzhaz High-Mountain Focus in the Tien-Shan
Authors: Dzhaparova A. K. , Eroshenko G. A. , Nikiforov K. A. , Kukleva L. M. , Al’khova Zh. V. , Berdiev S. K. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: July 2021

The aim of the study was to characterize and carry out molecular-genetic identification of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains isolated in the Sarydzhaz high-mountain focus of the Tien-Shan.Materials and methods. The Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis cultures were differentiated according to their sensitivity to diagnostic bacteriophages, motility, urea fermentation, and pesticin production. Whole genome sequencing was performed using the Ion S5 XL System (Thermo Fischer Scientific). Ion Torrent Suite software package, 5.12 and Newbler gsAssembler 2.6 were used for data processing and de novo assembly of raw read sequences. The dendrogram was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the PhyML 3.1 software.Results and discussion. Strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from museum mixed with Y. pestis cultures obtained from marmots in the Sarydzhaz high-mountain focus. According to whole genome SNP analysis, they belong to the phylogenetic group O:3 serovar, which is widespread throughout the world. Y. pseudotuberculosis is often present in mixed with Y. pestis cultures, isolated from rodents, which should be taken into account when carrying out laboratory diagnostics of plague in natural foci.
Sequencing of Circulating Microbial Cell-Free DNA Can Identify Pathogens in Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: Echeverria Adriana P. , Cohn Ian S. , Danko David C. , Shanaj Sara , Blair Lily , Hollemon Desiree , Carli Alberto V. , Sculco Peter K. , Ho Carine , Meshulam-Simon Galit , Mironenko Christine , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Goodman Susan M. , Grizas Alexandra , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Padgett Douglas E. , Figgie Mark P. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Sculco Thomas P. , Hong David K. , Hepinstall Matthew S. , Bauer Thomas W. , Blauwkamp Timothy A. , Brause Barry D. , Miller Andy O. , Henry Michael W. , Ahmed Asim A. , Cross Michael B. , Mason Christopher E. , Donlin Laura T. 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Over 1 million Americans undergo joint replacement each year, and approximately 1 in 75 will incur a periprosthetic joint infection. Effective treatment necessitates pathogen identification, yet standard-of-care cultures fail to detect organisms in 10% to 20% of cases and require invasive sampling. We hypothesized that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments from microorganisms in a periprosthetic joint infection can be found in the bloodstream and utilized to accurately identify pathogens via next-generation sequencing.

Methods:
In this prospective observational study performed at a musculoskeletal specialty hospital in the U.S., we enrolled 53 adults with validated hip or knee periprosthetic joint infections. Participants had peripheral blood drawn immediately prior to surgical treatment. Microbial cfDNA from plasma was sequenced and aligned to a genome database with >1,000 microbial species. Intraoperative tissue and synovial fluid cultures were performed per the standard of care. The primary outcome was accuracy in organism identification with use of blood cfDNA sequencing, as measured by agreement with tissue-culture results.

Results:
Intraoperative and preoperative joint cultures identified an organism in 46 (87%) of 53 patients. Microbial cfDNA sequencing identified the joint pathogen in 35 cases, including 4 of 7 culture-negative cases (57%). Thus, as an adjunct to cultures, cfDNA sequencing increased pathogen detection from 87% to 94%. The median time to species identification for cases with genus-only culture results was 3 days less than standard-of-care methods. Circulating cfDNA sequencing in 14 cases detected additional microorganisms not grown in cultures. At postoperative encounters, cfDNA sequencing demonstrated no detection or reduced levels of the infectious pathogen.

Conclusions:
Microbial cfDNA from pathogens causing local periprosthetic joint infections can be detected in peripheral blood. These circulating biomarkers can be sequenced from noninvasive venipuncture, providing a novel source for joint pathogen identification. Further development as an adjunct to tissue cultures holds promise to increase the number of cases with accurate pathogen identification and improve time-to-speciation. This test may also offer a novel method to monitor infection clearance during the treatment period.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Surgical Management of a Pediatric Cuboid Nutcracker Fracture
Authors: Perloff Eric , Posner Andrew D , Haddad Stefanos , Arain Abdul , Bagchi Kaushik 
Published: July 2021

Case:
Cuboid impaction fractures (nutcracker fractures) result from high-energy trauma and are exceedingly rare in children. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy who sustained a comminuted cuboid nutcracker fracture after a fall from height. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a locking plate. At 1 year postoperatively, lateral column length and articular congruency were maintained, and the patient return to full function and activity.

Conclusion:
Cuboid nutcracker fractures in children are rare and can be successfully treated with open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates, with excellent radiographic and functional outcomes.
Brain Activation of College Students in China With Premenstrual Syndrome Localized by BOLD-fMRI
Authors: Gao Dongmei , Gao Mingzhou , An Li , Yu Yanhong , Wang Jieqiong , Hou Yanjiao , Jian Huang , Xu Qiuqi , Ren Lvning , Qiao Mingqi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Most studies on the mechanism behind premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have focused on fluctuating hormones, but little evidence exists regarding functional abnormalities in the affected brain regions of college students. Thus, the aim of this study is to localize PMS's abnormal brain regions by BOLD-fMRI in college students.Methods: Thirteen PMS patients and fifteen healthy control (HC) subjects underwent a BOLD-fMRI scan during the luteal phase induced by depressive emotion pictures. The BOLD-fMRI data were processed by SPM 8 software and rest software based on MATLAB platform. Each cluster volume threshold (cluster) was greater than 389 continuous voxels, and the brain area with single voxel threshold P < 0.05 (after correction) was defined as the area with a significant difference. The emotion report form and the instruction implementation checklist were used to evaluate the emotion induced by picture.Results: Compared to the HC, right inferior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right lingual gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, cerebelum_crus1_R，cerebelum_6_R, culmen, the cerebellum anterior lobe, tuber, cerebellar tonsil of PMS patients were enhanced activation. Sub-lobar，sub-gyral，extra-nuclear，right orbit part of superior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right Orbit part of inferior frontal gyrus, limbic lobe, right insula, bilateral anterior and adjacent cingulate gyrus, bilateral caudate, caudate head, bilateral putamen, left globus pallidus were decreased activation.Conclusion: Our findings may improve our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in PMS.
Repeated Sevoflurane Exposures in Neonatal Rats Increased the Brain Vulnerability to Future Stress Exposure and Resulted in Fear-extinction Deficit
Authors: Chen Ben-zhen , Jiang Li-hua , Zhang Ming-qiang , Tan Ling , Zhou Wen-qin , Shang Yu-chao , Li Fang , Liu Bin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sevoflurane anesthesia during neonatal period was reported to sensitize the rodent animals to stress later in life. The authors tested the hypothesis that repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats increased the brain vulnerability to future stress exposure and resulted in fear-extinction deficit, and investigated whether the neonatal brain depolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) is involved in mediating these abnormalities. Neonatal Sprague-Dawley male rats, pretreated with vehicle or the NKCC1 inhibitor, bumetanide, received sequential exposures to 3% sevoflurane for 2 hours on postnatal days (P) 5, 6, 7 and then were exposed to electric foot shock stress in fear conditioning training at P14. Juvenile rats at different developmental brain stage receiving identical sevoflurane exposures on P25, 26, 27 were also studied. The results showed repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats increased the cation-chloride cotransporters NKCC1/KCC2 ratio in the PFC at P14. Repeated exposures to sevoflurane in neonatal rather than juvenile rats enhanced the stress response and exacerbated neuroapoptosis in the PFC after exposed to electric foot shock in fear conditioning training. Neonatal rather than juvenile sevoflurane-exposed rats exhibited deficits in fear extinction training and recall. Pretreatment of neonatal rats prior to sevoflurane exposures with bumetanide reduced the NKCC1/KCC2 ratio at P14 and ameliorated most of the subsequent adverse effects. Our study indicates that repeated sevoflurane exposures in neonatal rats might increase the brain vulnerability to future stress exposure and resulted in fear-extinction deficit, which might be associated with the neonatal enhanced brain depolarizing GABAAR activity.
Predictive Model For Preliminary Assessment of Repeated Radioiodine Therapy Course Based On 131-I Suv
Authors: Bubnov Alexandr A , Trukhin Alexey A , Rumyantsev Pavel O , Degtyarev Mikhail V , Sirota Yaroslaw I , Serzhenko Sergey S , Sheremeta Marina S , Slashchuk Konstantin Yu , Mokrysheva Natalya G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purposes: Current research design is dedicated to 131-I SUV evaluation on post therapeutic scintigrams and setting up predictive model for radioiodine therapy repeated course prescription in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods: Study includes 148 patients (f-105, m-43) with DTC treated with 131-iodine. Administered treatment activities of 131I calculated according to clinical features and tumor recurrence risk group. Patients were divided into three groups using ATA 2018 recommendations. Absolute risk groups: low risk (L), medium risk (M), high risk (H). Administered 131-I activity [MBq]: <AL> = 3223±729, <AM> = 3696±456, <AH> = 4589±1078; Tg [ng/ml]: <TgL> = 7,4±1.7 ng/ml, <TgM>= 14,8 ±5,9, <TgH> = 68,3 ±18,5; TgAb [IU/ml]: <TgAbL> = 124,3 ± 81.7, <TgAbM> = 29,2 ±15,9, <TgAbH> = 85,7 ±28,9. All null hypothesis were checked using paired Mann-Whitney U-test. Calibration of system SPECT/CT and evaluation SUVs completed according to protocols designed using Jaszczak phantom Deluxe. Model development based on logistic regression with ROC-analysis, regularization and cross-validation. Results: Reference intervals of SUVpeak and SUVmax calculated for all groups of risk. SUVpeak: low risk >155, medium risk 105-155, high risk 0-105 pL-M=0.069 pL-H=0.0037 pM-H=0.7514; SUVmax: low risk >38, medium risk 29-38, high risk 0-29 pL-M=0.052 pL-H=0.0033 pM-H=0.949. Logit model based on SUVpeak without regularization has: AUC = 0.67 (95%CI 0.33-1.00); Accuracy = 0.82; SE = 0.89; SP = 0.4; PPV = 0.41; NPV = 0.89, cross-validated AUC =0.67 (0.4-0.88), regression coefficients: B0=0.037, B1=0.001. Regularization (SUVpeak<100) lead to AUC = 0.75, (95%CI 0.44-1.00); accuracy = 0.89; SE =0.98; SP = 0.4; PPV = 0.76; NPV = 0.87, cross-validated AUC = 0.513 (0.36-0.71) regression coefficients: B0=0.473, B1=0.003.Conclusion: Study shows that SUV has wide range of values and can be matched with existed model of risk assessment of DTC. Algorithm of image segmentation and evaluation of SUVpeak and SUVmax for SPECT/CT systems was developed. According to the ROC analysis, developed predictive model shows an acceptable performance for further clinical investigation and advancement focused on refining model parameters and introducing additional predictors
Costs Related To Immunopreventable Diseases: Brazil And Its Geographic Areas (Immunopreventable Diseases’ Costs In Brazil)
Authors: Costa Elide Sbardellotto Mariano da , Hyeda Adriano , Maluf Eliane M Cesario Periera 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: the occurrence of the immunopreventable diseases in a population global reality.Objective: to discriminate the direct costs of the hospitalizations from the immunopreventable diseases in the Unified Health System (SUS), in Brazil and their areas, between 2008 and 2018.Methods: A population, observational, descriptive and retrospective study, with data from the information supplied by the DATASUS website, these data were collected during the 2019.Results: It was identified 457,479 hospitalizations in the period; with a total of 2,450,870 days of hospital stay, with total costs of R$389,243,264.85. Only the disease mumps presented a growing tendency in whole areas; the chickenpox was decreasing; the illness whooping cough, yellow fever and tetanus were stationary in this period. Conclusions: The costs related to immunopreventable diseases were relevant in all the Brazil areas, with tendencies different between the geographic areas and between the several illnesses analyZed.
In silico Screening of Some Compounds Derived from the Desert Medicinal Plant Rhazya stricta for Potential Treatment of COVID -19
Authors: Baeshen Nabih A. , Albeshri Abdulaziz O. , Baeshen Naseebh N. , Attar Roba , Karkashan Alaa , Abbas Basma , Bouback Thamer A. , Aljaddawi Abdullah A. , Refai Mohammed Y. , Abdelkader Hayam S. , Tamim Abdullah Al , Alowaifeer Abdullah , Baeshen Mohammed N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The recent emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic which was identified as COVID-19 disease has become a global health concern. It resulted in a major pneumonia outbreak worldwide. Currently, there are no approved drugs and several attempts have been made to use computational program approaches in drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) is vital for binding to the hACE2 receptor, which initiates entry into human cells, and thus is a key target for antiviral compound development. Many herbal natural products have been proved to exert virucidal activity against the vast majority of pathogenic viruses. Rhazya stricta, a folkloric medicinal desert plant of Saudi Arabia was shown to exhibit bactericidal activity against a verity of pathogens including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and some other Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDR’s). This study aims to test for antiviral activity of the folkloric medicinal desert plant Rhazya stricta against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We identified three non-alkaloid herbal natural compounds Lig230, Lig434, and Lig68 from Rhazya Stricta that bind and interact significantly with RBD (PDB: I.D. 6M0J) by using virtual screening and computer aiding program Autodock vina. Based on the results of docking scores, molecular docking simulations, RMSD, RMSF, and radius of gyration (Rg), the virtually screened antiviral compounds showed good binding interactions and high stability. Lig230 revealed the highest average of interaction energy during MD simulation (− 417.284 kJ/mol) followed by Lig434 (− 366.186 kJ/mol) and the lowest interaction energy was by Lig68 (− 352.5872 kJ/mol). To evaluate the oral bioavailability, a drug-likeness profile was performed by SwissADME and the results revealed that these compounds expected to confront permeability and solubility difficulties if they were introduced orally. In conclusion, the suggested three compounds can serve as potential anti- SARS-CoV-2 and should be furtherly tested in vitro and in vivo.
Geographical Variation In Common Orthopedic Procedures In Norway: A Cross-Sectional Population Based Study
Authors: Holsen Maria , Hovind Veronica , Bedane Haji Kedir , Osvoll Knut Ivar , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Furnes Ove Nord , Walsh Mary E , Ingebrigtsen Tor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundStandardised surgery rates for common orthopedic procedures vary across geographical areas in Norway. The aim in this study is to explore whether area-level factors related to demand and supply in publicly funded healthcare are associated with geographical variation in surgery rates for six common orthopedic procedures. MethodsCross-sectional population based study of the 19 hospital referral areas in Norway. Adult admissions for arthroscopy for degenerative knee disease, arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, surgical treatment for hip fracture, and decompression with or without fusion for lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis over 5 years (2012-2016) were included. Extremal quotients, coefficients of variation and systematic components of variance were used to estimate variation in age and sex standardised surgery rates. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between standardised surgery rates and proportion of population in urban areas, unemployment, proportion of persons living in low-income households, proportion of persons with a high level of education, and mortality. ResultsArthroscopy for degenerative knee disease showed the highest level of variation and the number of arthroscopies decreased during the period. There was considerable variation in procedures for lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis, moderate to low variation for arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, and least variation in surgical treatment for hip fracture. Association between surgery rates and socioeconomic and supply factors were weak for arthroscopy for degenerative knee disease and decompression for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Standardised surgery rates for arthroplasty for osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, and surgical treatment for hip fracture were not associated with the supply and demand factors included in this study.ConclusionsVariation in surgery rates were particularly high for arthroscopy for degenerative knee disease, and these rates decreased considerably during the five-year period. Factors reflecting socioeconomic circumstances, health and supply have a weak association to orthopedic surgery rates at an area-level. Whether this reflects the equity of universal health care services, or if area-level factors are not detailed enough to detect an existing association is being explored in two ongoing Norwegian studies.
Therapeutic Effects of The As-Synthesized Polylactic Acid/Chitosan Nanofibers Decorated With Amphotricin B For In Vitro Treatment of Leishmaniasis
Authors: Bahraminegad Sina , Pardakhty Abbas , Sharifi Iraj , Ranjbar Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Leishmaniasis as a third most important vector-borne disease caused by different species of a Leishmania flagellum protozoan. Leishmaniasis as a one of the biggest concerns of the World Health Organization due to the severe side effects, the emergence of resistance, secondary bacterial infections, reports as epidemics especially in immunocompromised individuals. The main purpose of this study was synthesis and characterization of the polylactic acid/chitosan nanofibers decorated with amphotricin B as a new delivery system for in vitro treatment of Leishmania wounds. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in vitro drug release test. The anti leishmaniasis effect of nanofibers decorated with amphotricin B against Leishmania major promastigotes and its cytotoxicity on macrophages were determined respectively with flow cytometry test. The in-vitro drug release assay indicates 84% of the amphotricin B loaded in nanofibers after 400 minutes. The average concentration of the amphotricin B loaded in polylactic acid/chitosan nanofibers and conventional form of amphotricin B that prevented the growth of 50% of the promastigotes of L.major was 1.29 and 4.34 µg/ml, respectively.
Optimization of breath-holding time for intrahepatic fat quantification using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Otsuka Yuhei , Sakamura Shiho , Watanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose We determined the minimum required breath-holding time (Modified 1H-MRS) and conducted a backward study on patients who underwent intrahepatic fat quantification using the point resolved spectroscopy method. We investigated the correlation between dual echo-MRI (DE-MRI) and liver attenuation index (LAI) measurements and evaluated the validity of the analysis results to determine whether breath-holding time (BHT) could be reduced.Methods In the MRS-fat fraction (MRS-FF) analysis, using only the reference datasets, the minimum required breath-holding time was set to 14 s. To evaluate the validity of the obtained MRS-FF, we compared the correlation using the dual echo-fat fraction (DE-FF) and LAI as a reference values, the correlation coefficient was investigated by obtaining the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Next, we compared the correlation in two subgroups of the abovementioned case groups: (1) those with a BHT of 23 s and (2) those with a BHT between 14 to 22 s.Results The correlation coefficients between MRS-FF and DE-FF and MRS-FF and LAI were 0.841 (p = 0.00) and − 0.726 (p < 0.01), respectively. Next, in the subgroup analysis, the correlation coefficients of MRS-FF and DE-FF and MRS-FF and LAI were 0.849 (p = 0.00) and − 0.733 (p = 0.00), respectively, in group (1) and 0.886 (p = 0.00) and − 0.761 (p = 0.00), respectively, in group (2).Conclusion In the imaging using Modified 1H-MRS, the present method suggested that the reduction in breath-holding time from 14 to 22 s did not affect the MRS-FF analysis results.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Neck Pain Among College Students: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Daher Amira , Halperin Ofra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Neck pain (NP), one of the most reported musculoskeletal disorders, is a major cause of illness and absence from university lessons among students. The COVID-19 pandemic affected higher education institutions worldwide. Academic studies shifted to online-learning, changing students’ habits and lifestyle. Data demonstrated that the pandemic and consequent lockdowns can affect people’s physical and mental well-being. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the prevalence of and risk factors of NP among college students compared to the pre-epidemic period. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the form of an online questionnaire survey that included sociodemographic data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). NP was reported at four time points—lifetime, last year, last six months, and current—on a scale ranging from never/seldom to almost every day. Logistic regression models were calculated for all study variables and compared to the (NDI) cut-off score of 15. Results: A total of 295 college students were recruited. Among them, 35.6% reported at least moderate neck-related disability (NDI≥15) and significantly more NP than before the lockdown. NP increased gradually and significantly (on a scale 1-4), from a lifetime mean of 1.80 to a mean of 2.57 last year to 2.73 during the past six months to the current mean of 3.07 (p< .001). Participants’ scores on the PSS were moderate, with 59.3% reporting a high level of study-related stress. Logistic regression models revealed that sitting more than three hours a day, high study-related stress and higher PSS and VAS scores were associated with higher risk of at least a moderate level of neck-related disability (R2=.513, p< .001). Conclusions: The transition from on-campus studies to online learning had negative effects on students. It significantly increased study-related stress and the development of NP. Identifying risk factors at an early stage may prevent NP from becoming chronic and affecting students’ future careers, thereby improving students’ quality of life.