bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment‐related leukemia after taxane and platinum therapy in gynecological cancer patients (Gynecologic Oncology Trial and Investigation Consortium 011)
Authors: Sakurai Manabu , Satoh Toyomi , Nakamura Yuko , Takei Yuji , Takahashi Suzuyo , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kazuto , Kanuma Tatsuya , Fujiwara Keiichi , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo clarify incidence and clinical features of treatment‐related leukemia (TRL) due to taxane/platinum therapy in gynecological cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of gynecological cancer patients who were diagnosed at facilities participating in the Gynecologic Oncology Trial and Investigation Consortium and started only taxane/platinum therapy as chemotherapy between 2002 and 2006.ResultsThe site of the primary lesion was the ovary in 124, endometrium in 37, and uterine cervix in 4. The regimen of chemotherapy was paclitaxel (T) + carboplatin (C) therapy in 134 and others in 31 patients. The cumulative incidence was 2.4% (4/165), and the incidence was 2.9/1,000 person‐years. All four cases were acute myeloid leukemia. The average total doses of T and C in patients without TRL were 1,693 (SD 1,050) and 4,170 (SD 2,423) mg. For TRL patients, the total T and C doses were, respectively, 1,555 and 3,540 mg, 1,620 and 4,200 mg, 2,130 and 4,700 mg, 3,220 mg and 8,310 mg. The fourth patient received additional 2,415 mg of docetaxel and 2,155 mg of nedaplatin. The intervals from the primary chemotherapy to the onset of TRL were 27, 34, 67, and 114 months. Three patients had no evidence of ovarian cancer. Three patients died of TRL at 4 days, 5 months, and 11 months, one patient remained in remission at 25 months after diagnosis of TRL.ConclusionPatients receiving taxane/platinum therapy should undergo long‐term follow‐up with attention to the development of TRL, even if the gynecologic malignant cancer is in remission.
Microbiota restoration for recurrent Clostridioides difficile: Getting one step closer every day!
Authors: Khanna S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent health threat being the most common healthcare‐associated infection, and its management is a clinical conundrum. Over 450 000 infections are seen in the United States with similar incidence seen in the rest of the developed world. The majority of infections seen are mild–moderate with fulminant disease and mortality being rare complications seen in the elderly and in those with comorbidities. The most common complication of CDI is recurrent infection with rates as high as 60% after three or more infections. A dilemma in the management of primary and recurrent CDI is testing due to the high sensitivity of the nucleic acid amplification tests such as the polymerase chain reaction, which leads to clinical false positives if patients are not chosen carefully (with symptoms) before testing. A newer testing regimen involving a 2‐step strategy is emerging using glutamate dehydrogenase as a screening strategy followed by enzyme immunoassay for the C. difficile toxin. Microbiota restoration therapies are the cornerstone of management of recurrent CDI to prevent future recurrences. The most common modality of microbiota restoration is faecal microbiota transplantation, which has been tainted with heterogeneity and adverse events such as serious infectious transmission. The success rates for recurrence prevention from microbiota restoration therapies are over 90% compared with less than 50% of recurrence prevention with courses of antibiotics. This has led to development and emergence of standardized microbiota restoration therapies in capsule and enema forms. Capsule‐based therapies include CP101 (positive phase II results), RBX7455 (positive phase I results), SER‐109 (positive phase III results) and VE303 (ongoing phase II trial). Enema‐based therapy includes RBX2660 (positive phase III data). This review summarizes the principles of management and diagnosis of CDI and focuses on emerging and existing data on faecal microbiota transplantation and standardized microbiota restoration therapies.
Body mass index and dental caries in New Zealand pre‐school children: A population‐based study
Authors: Aung Yan Myo , Jelleyman Tim , Ameratunga Shanthi , Tin Tin Sandar 
Published: April 2021

AimPre‐school dental caries is a significant public health problem and may be associated with the growth and nutritional status of children. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and early childhood caries (ECC) among pre‐school children.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective study involves all 5‐year‐old children who resided in northern New Zealand and received school entry dental examinations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. ECC status was determined with the decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) score obtained from a routinely collected regional dental data set. Objectively measured BMI information was obtained from the ‘Before School Check’ (B4SC) Programme. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and the occurrence of ECC (dmft score ≥ 1). Ethnic subgroup analyses were also conducted.ResultsOf the 27 333 children involved in this analysis, 11 173 (40.9%) had ECC with a mean dmft score of 1.85, and 3948 (14.4%) were overweight and 2964 (10.8%) were obese at school entry. The prevalence of ECC was higher in overweight and obese children but in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, this positive association was observed in European children only (adjusted odds ratio for overweight children compared to normal weight children: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32 and adjusted odds ratio for obese children: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.45).ConclusionECC is highly prevalent in New Zealand children and associated with higher BMI in children of European ethnicity.
The zinc cluster transcription factor Czf1 regulates cell wall architecture and integrity in Candida albicans
Authors: Mottola Austin , Ramírez‐Zavala Bernardo , Hünniger Kerstin , Kurzai Oliver , Morschhäuser Joachim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fungal cell wall is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and mediates interactions of the cells with the environment. It is a highly flexible organelle whose composition and organization is modulated in response to changing growth conditions. In the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, a network of signaling pathways regulates the structure of the cell wall, and mutants with defects in these pathways are hypersensitive to cell wall stress. By harnessing a library of genetically activated forms of all C. albicans zinc cluster transcription factors, we found that a hyperactive Czf1 rescued the hypersensitivity to cell wall stress of different protein kinase deletion mutants. The hyperactive Czf1 induced the expression of many genes with cell wall‐related functions and caused visible changes in the cell wall structure. C. albicans czf1Δ mutants were hypersensitive to the antifungal drug caspofungin, which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis. The changes in cell wall architecture caused by hyperactivity or absence of Czf1 resulted in an increased recognition of C. albicans by human neutrophils. Our results show that Czf1, which is known as a regulator of filamentous growth and white‐opaque switching, controls the expression of cell wall genes and modulates the architecture of the cell wall.
Diffuse reticulate purpura in two adolescents with anorexia nervosa and severe malnutrition
Authors: Mateos‐Mayo Ana , Anderson‐Vildósola James , Morón‐Nozaleda María Goretti , Camarneiro Ricardo , Escribano Eva , Colmenero Isabel , Torrelo Antonio , Hernández‐Martín Ángela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder frequently associated with cutaneous manifestations. A rare type of purpura, known as diffuse reticulate purpura, has been described in patients with anorexia nervosa and severe malnutrition. Typical characteristics of this condition include a purpuric reticulate rash predominantly affecting the trunk that rapidly resolves with adequate feeding. We report two male adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa and severe malnutrition who developed diffuse reticulate purpura.
When vegetation indicates reproduction: The affinity between leaf morphology and flowering commitment in the lily meristem
Authors: Lazare Silit , Bechar Daniel , Garbowicz Karolina , Fernie Alisdair R. , Brotman Yariv , Zaccai Michele 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAt the reproductive stage, lily plants bear two morphological types of mature leaves, one at the lower and one at the upper part of the stem. At the vegetative stage, all the leaves are similar to each other and to the reproductive plant's lower leaves. This heterophylly has not yet been explored. In this study, we show that it is not a result of the plant's age but rather an outcome of floral induction. The induction appears as an on‐going process, during which the meristem still produces leaves but progressively becomes committed to reproduction. This intermediate period lasts until the ultimate switch to flower primordia occurs. The leaves produced during floral induction, termed here as “inductive,” appear at the upper part of the stem. Besides their typical higher stomata density, these leaves have a poly‐layered palisade mesophyll, whose cells exhibit a unique morphology and contain more chlorophyll than leaves of vegetative plants. These leaves display higher carbon assimilation, soluble sugar production, and chloroplast‐lipid accumulation. Accordingly, genes associated with stomata, chloroplast, and photosynthesis are upregulated in these leaves. Our results were obtained when floral induction was achieved either by vernalization or photoperiod signals, ruling out a mere environmental effect. We suggest that lily plants prepare themselves for the high‐energy‐demanding bloom by producing leaves with enhanced photosynthetic capacity, leading to an increase in soluble sugars. These novel findings introduce an adjacent affinity between photosynthesis and flowering and provide a nondestructive tool for identifying the plant's developmental stage—vegetative or reproductive.
Attraction versus production in restoration: spatial and habitat effects of shellfish reefs for fish in coastal seascapes
Authors: Gilby Ben L. , Olds Andrew D. , Chapman Susie , Goodridge Gaines Lucy A. , Henderson Christopher J. , Ortodossi Nicholas L. , Didderen Karin , Lengkeek Wouter , van der Heide Tjisse , Schlacher Thomas A. 
Published: April 2021

Restored shellfish reefs provide valuable habitat for fish, but it is not clear how different approaches affect performance, and either promote the development of new fish populations (i.e. “production”) or simply attract individuals from the broader seascape (i.e. “attraction”). We measured the effects of a 1.5 ha shellfish reef restoration site on fish assemblages in Pumicestone Passage in eastern Australia, which contains replicates of six different restoration units: shell patch reefs, crates of shells, and biodegradable matrix, and each had replicates with and without live oysters. Fish were surveyed before restoration and then every 6 months for 30 months with baited (at restoration and control sites) and unbaited (at 106 sites across the seascape to detect potential fish attraction, and at the different restoration units) underwater cameras. Shellfish reef restoration represents an addition to the carrying capacity of Pumicestone Passage for fish for two key reasons. First, restoration significantly enhanced the diversity and abundance of fish assemblages and the density of harvestable fish at the restoration site by 3.8, 10.7, and 16.4 times, respectively. Second, fish distributions across the broader seascape did not change in response to succession at the restoration site. Fish assemblages did not differ between restoration units or the presence or absence of oysters. These findings further support the notion that restored shellfish reefs significantly enhance fish abundance and diversity and that restored reefs can enhance the overall carrying capacity of seascapes for fish, rather than simply centralizing them at restoration sites.
Two-Phase Sampling Designs for Data Validation in Settings with Covariate Measurement Error and Continuous Outcome
Authors: Amorim Gustavo , Tao Ran , Lotspeich Sarah , Shaw Pamela A. , Lumley Thomas , Shepherd Bryan E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Measurement errors are present in many data collection procedures and can harm analyses by biasing estimates. To correct for measurement error, researchers often validate a subsample of records and then incorporate the information learned from this validation sample into estimation. In practice, the validation sample is often selected using simple random sampling (SRS). However, SRS leads to inefficient estimates because it ignores information on the error-prone variables, which can be highly correlated to the unknown truth. Applying and extending ideas from the two-phase sampling literature, we propose optimal and nearly optimal designs for selecting the validation sample in the classical measurement-error framework. We target designs to improve the efficiency of model-based and design-based estimators, and show how the resulting designs compare to each other. Our results suggest that sampling schemes that extract more information from the error-prone data are substantially more efficient than SRS, for both design- and model-based estimators. The optimal procedure, however, depends on the analysis method, and can differ substantially. This is supported by theory and simulations. We illustrate the various designs using data from an HIV cohort study.
Reflective Consensus Building on the Nation's Largest Confederate Memorial: A Case Study
Authors: Hoffmann Michael H.G. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThis study utilized the Reflect! platform, an educational tool, as an instrument to structure deliberations among small groups of people with conflicting views. Can a technology designed to provide guidance for self‐directed learning in small teams of students also be used in projects with “real” stakeholders involved in actual conflicts?MethodIn an exploratory case study, the investigator invited three representatives of civic organizations in Atlanta, Georgia, to collaborate on the problem of dealing with the Confederate Memorial carved in Stone Mountain. The study included qualitative analysis of observational data, structured participant interviews, and participant‐generated materials.ResultsParticipants succeeded in formulating a shared position on what to do with the Confederate Memorial on Stone Mountain. However, the study highlights limitations in the interpretation of findings, as well as certain advantages and disadvantages of the platform.ConclusionIt seems that the Reflect! approach could do most good somewhere in the middle between large‐scale deliberations such as a town hall meeting and professional conflict management. With its step‐by‐step activities and its focus on stimulating reflection, the Reflect! platform can support mutual understanding on highly controversial issues.
Implicating extracellular vesicles in Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance development
Authors: Tandoh Kwesi Z. , Wilson Michael D. , Quashie Neils B. , Duah‐Quashie Nancy O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum malaria remains a disease of significant public health impact today. With the risk of emerging artemisinin resistance stalling malaria control efforts, the need to deepen our understanding of the parasite's biology is dire. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital to the biology of P. falciparum and play a role in the pathogenesis of malaria. Recent studies have also shown that EVs may play a role in the development of artemisinin resistance in P. falciparum. Here, we highlight evidence on EVs in P. falciparum biology and malaria pathogenesis and argue that there is sufficient ground to propose a role for EVs in the development of P. falciparum artemisinin resistance. We suggest that EVs are actively secreted functional organelles that contribute to cellular homeostasis in P. falciparum‐infected red blood cells under artemisinin pressure. Further exploration of this hypothesized EVs‐based molecular mechanism of artemisinin resistance will aid the discovery of novel antimalarial therapies.
Analysis of current SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in a large population of blood donors evidenced that RNAemia is rare in plasma
Authors: Chaves Daniel Gonçalves , da Silva Malta Maria Clara Fernandes , de Souza Madeira Ferreira Boy Luciana , Miranda Barbosa Aretuza , Fonseca Cinthia Neves , Ellen de Lima Torres Dayanne , Patterson Nogueira Janaína , Medeiros Moreira Hélinse , Cristine Martineli Loureiro Flávia , Vargas de Freitas Silva Jaciane , Aparecida Ribeiro Maísa , Guimarães Mourão Cioffi Júnia , Lobato Martins Marina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTransmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 by asymptomatic individuals and by blood transfusion are important issues to understand to control the viral spread. In this work, we estimated the current SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rate in blood donors from Belo Horizonte, Brazil.Study design and methodsSaliva and blood samples were collected from 4103 blood donors from June 15 to September 30, 2020. Saliva samples were tested by real‐time RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2 in mini‐pools of four samples. Individual samples were tested for positive or inconclusive pools, and positive donors had their plasma tested.ResultsTwenty‐seven (0.66%) blood donors were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in their saliva, but their plasma was negative, except for one, who presented a high viral load in saliva and nasopharyngeal samples and RNAemia in the plasma close to the limit of detection. Fourteen (56%) positive blood donors reported mild symptoms related to COVID‐19 after donation, but the viral load levels were not statistically different between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.DiscussionDespite the measures taken by Blood Centers to avoid blood donors with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, asymptomatic or presymptomatic carriers are able to donate. The risk of the virus transmission by transfusion seems to be negligible since plasma RNAemia was seen at a very low level in only one (3.7%) of the positive donors, but other studies must be performed to confirm this finding.
Pre‐Implementation of the Age‐Friendly Health Systems Evidence‐Based 4Ms Framework in a Multi‐State Convenient Care Practice
Authors: Dolansky Mary A. , Pohnert Anne , Ball Sarah , McCormack Mary , Hughes Robin , Pino Lilia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality issues in the delivery of healthcare services to older adults and changes in societal demographics call for a social movement to improve the care of older adults in a variety of healthcare settings, including ambulatory care and convenient care clinics.AimsTo describe the pre‐implementation phase to integrate the Age‐Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) 4Ms (i.e., What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility) Framework in 1,100 MinuteClinics (the retail medical clinic of CVS Health) using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and RE‐AIM (an evaluation implementation framework).MethodsThe CFIR and RE‐AIM models guided data collection. Data were collected from all stakeholders (patients, healthcare providers, managers, educators, informatics staff, communications staff, and implementation consultants) via observations, surveys, interviews, focus groups, organizational readiness assessment, stakeholder assessment, and workflow mapping during a 15‐month period to identify potential barriers, facilitators, and other opportunities for implementation.ResultsThe CFIR and RE‐AIM implementation frameworks provided a comprehensive approach to guide the pre‐implementation phase of the AFHS 4Ms Framework at the MinuteClinic. The baseline assessments guided by the CFIR revealed important insights in the choice of implementation strategies that were developed and tested in the pre‐implementation phase, and the RE‐AIM guided meaningful components to the development of the logic model.Linking Action to EvidenceAs more healthcare systems integrate the AFHS 4Ms Framework, the approach reported in this quality improvement project can be used in other settings to facilitate a comprehensive implementation.
Eduard Suess on graptolites: His very first scientific paper and illustrations
Authors: Şengör* A.M.C. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The very first scientific paper by Eduard Suess (1831–1914) treats the graptolites of Bohemia in the present-day Czech Republic (in the Upper Proterozoic to Middle Devonian “Barrandian” extending between Prague and Plzeň). This paper is accompanied by superb drawings of his observations in which Suess took great care not to insert himself between Nature as he perceived it in the framework of the knowledge of his day and his readers. His only limitation was the one imposed by the size of his study objects. His technological means did not allow him to see what we today consider the “right” picture. Nevertheless, we can see what he saw and interpret it through a modern lens of understanding. In his drawings, Suess exercised what the great German geologist Hans Cloos later called “the art of leaving out.” This meant that in the drawings, the parts not relevant to the discussion are left only in outline, whereas parts he wished to highlight are brought to the fore by careful shading. Even the parts left only in outline are not schematic, however; instead they are careful reconstructions true to Nature as much as the material and his technological aids allowed. This characteristic of Suess’ illustrations is seen also in his later field sketches concerning stratigraphy and structural geology and in his depiction of the large tectonic features of our globe representing a window into his manner of thinking.
Neonatal hyperglycaemia is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Zamir Itay , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , Ahlsson Fredrik , Hansen-Pupp Ingrid , Serenius Fredrik , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo assess the associations between neonatal hyperglycaemia and insulin treatment, versus long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born extremely preterm.Design and settingObservational national cohort study (Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study) using prospectively and retrospectively collected data. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed at 6.5 years of age.Patients533 infants born <27 gestational weeks during 2004–2007; 436 survivors were assessed at 6.5 years.Outcome measuresNeurodevelopmental disability (NDD), survival without moderate to severe NDD, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children IV Full scale intelligence quotient (WISC-IV FSIQ) and Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2) total score.ResultsDuration of neonatal hyperglycaemia >8 mmol/L was associated with WISC-IV scores—for each day with hyperglycaemia there was a decrease of 0.33 points (95% CI 0.03 to 0.62) in FSIQ. Neonatal hyperglycaemia >8 mmol/L occurring on 3 consecutive days was associated with lower MABC-2 scores (adjusted mean difference: −4.90; 95% CI −8.90 to −0.89). For each day with hyperglycaemia >8 mmol/L, there was a decrease of 0.55 points (95% CI 0.17 to 0.93) in MABC-2 total score. Insulin treatment was not associated with any of the outcome measures.ConclusionNeonatal hyperglycaemia >8 mmol/L was associated with lower intelligence scores and worse motor outcomes at 6.5 years of age. Insulin treatment was not associated with either worsened or improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. Randomised controlled trials are needed to clarify the role of insulin in treating hyperglycaemia in extremely preterm infants.