bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Time-Evolution of States in Quantum Mechanics according to the ETH-Approach
Authors: Fröhlich Jürg , Pizzo Alessandro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is argued that the Schrödinger equation does not yield a correct description of the quantum-mechanical time evolution of states of isolated physical systems featuring events. A general statistical law replacing unitary Schrödinger evolution of states is then formulated within the so-called ETH-Approach to Quantum Mechanics. This law eliminates the infamous “measurement problem.” Our general concepts and results are illustrated by an analysis of simple models describing a very heavy atom coupled to the quantized radiation field. In the limit where the speed of light tends to infinity these models can be treated quite explicitly.
On the Transition of Charlier Polynomials to the Hermite Function
Authors: Nilsson Martin N. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt has been known for over 70 years that there is an asymptotic transition of Charlier polynomials to Hermite polynomials. This transition, which is still presented in its classical form in modern reference works, is valid if and only if a certain parameter is integer. In this light, it is surprising that a much more powerful transition exists from Charlier polynomials to the Hermite function, valid for any real value of the parameter. This greatly strengthens the asymptotic connections between Charlier polynomials and special functions, with applications in queueing theory, where this transition is crucial for solving first-passage problems with moving boundaries. It is shown in this paper that the convergence is locally uniform, and a sharp rate bound is proved. In addition, it is shown that there is a transition of derivatives of Charlier polynomials to the derivative of the Hermite function, again with a sharp rate bound. Finally, it is proved that zeros of Charlier polynomials converge to zeros of the Hermite function.
Physical working conditions and subsequent sickness absence: a record linkage follow-up study among 19–39-year-old municipal employees
Authors: Mänty M. , Kouvonen A. , Nordquist H. , Harkko J. , Pietiläinen O. , Halonen J. I. , Rahkonen O. , Lallukka T. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Physical work exposures are associated with sickness absence among older employees. We aimed to examine if they similarly contribute to all-cause sickness absence during early and mid-careers.

Methods
We used questionnaire data on physical work exposures linked to register data on sickness absence from 3542 municipal employees aged 19–39 years. Follow-up for the number of sickness absence days was 12 months. Exposures to physical workload, occupational environmental hazards, and sedentary work were divided into quartiles. In addition, duration of daily exposure to heavy work was included. Negative binomial regression models were used.

Results
Higher exposure to physical workload or hazardous exposures was associated with a higher number of sickness absence days. The age and gender adjusted rate ratios for sickness absence days among the participants whose exposure to physical workload was in the highest exposure quartile were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8‒2.5) compared with those whose exposure was in the lowest quartile. In addition, rate ratios for sickness absence days among participants who reported that they do heavy physical work 1.1‒2.0 h, 2.1‒4.0 h or over 4 h daily were 1.6 (1.3‒1.9), 1.5 (1.3‒1.8) and 1.7 (1.5‒2.1), respectively, compared with those who reported not doing physical work. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors or health characteristics attenuated the associations only slightly.

Conclusion
Exposure to physically demanding work is associated with a higher number of sickness absence days among municipal employees below 40 years of age. Physical working conditions should be considered when aiming to support later work ability.
The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
Authors: Yang Qingyuan , Jenkins Susanna F. , Lerner Geoffrey A. , Li Weiran , Suzuki Takehiko , McLean Danielle , Derkachev A. N. , Utkin I. V. , Wei Haiquan , Xu Jiandong , Pan Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Millennium Eruption (AD 946–947) of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is one of the largest known eruptions in recorded history. With the help of previously published isopachs and distal ash thicknesses, we re-calculate the bulk volume of its distal eruptive product, the B-Tm ash, as 27–62 km3 and the total eruption volume as 40–98 km3. The updated volume estimates are around half of those estimated by previous studies of this seminal eruption. Our work shows that the Millennium Eruption is a VEI-6 eruption, rather than VEI-7 as previously envisaged, and its magnitude is also lower than previously thought. This has implications for regional frequency-magnitude relationships and may also partially explain the limited regional, rather than global, climatic effects of the Millennium Eruption.
An experimental analysis on evolutionary ontology meta-matching
Authors: Ferranti Nicolas , de Souza Jairo Francisco , Sã Rosário Furtado Soares Stênio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEvery year, new ontology matching approaches have been published to address the heterogeneity problem in ontologies. It is well known that no one is able to stand out from others in all aspects. An ontology meta-matcher combines different alignment techniques to explore various aspects of heterogeneity to avoid the alignment performance being restricted to some ontology characteristics. The meta-matching process consists of several stages of execution, and sometimes the contribution/cost of each algorithm is not clear when evaluating an approach. This article presents the evaluation of solutions commonly used in the literature in order to provide more knowledge about the ontology meta-matching problem. Results showed that the more characteristics of the entities that can be captured by similarity measures set, the greater the accuracy of the model. It was also possible to observe the good performance and accuracy of local search-based meta-heuristics when compared to global optimization meta-heuristics. Experiments with different objective functions have shown that semi-supervised methods can shorten the execution time of the experiment but, on the other hand, bring more instability to the result.
Sharing Economy trifft ÖPNV — das neue Personenbeförderungsgesetz
Authors: Ritzer-Angerer Petra 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 1.8.2021 ist das neue Personenbeförderungsgesetz in Kraft getreten. Es definiert neue Formen der Mobilität. Die Reform enthält zwei Neuerungen: Erstens wird ein neuer Gelegenheitsverkehr, der gebündelte Bedarfsverkehr, zugelassen und damit die Rechtsgrundlage für derartige Mobilitätsdienste geschaffen. Zweitens ermöglicht das neue Gesetz einen bedarfsgesteuerten Linienverkehr als Ergänzung zum regulären öffentlichen Personennahverkehr. Kritik an dem neuen Gesetz wurde mit unterschiedlicher Begründung geübt. Es wird sich erst herausstellen, welche Wirkungen das Gesetz entfalten und welchen zukünftigen Reformbedarf es auslösen wird.
Mindestlohnbetriebe in der zweiten Corona-Welle
Authors: Kagerl Christian , Ohlert Clemens 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Mindestlohnbetriebe können es in der Corona-Pandemie aus verschiedenen Gründen besonders schwer haben. Wir stellen fest, dass Mindestlohnbetriebe zu Beginn 2021 häufiger von der Corona-Pandemie betroffen waren als die übrige Wirtschaft, was auf die Branchenzusammensetzung der Mindestlohnbetriebe und nicht auf den Mindestlohn selbst zurückzuführen ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch, dass Mindestlohnbetriebe häufiger Kurzarbeit einsetzen als andere Betriebe. Auch das Arbeitsvolumen wird in Mindestlohnbetrieben häufiger als in anderen Betrieben durch den Abbau von Überstunden reduziert. Zudem werden Lohnerhöhungen und Sonderzahlungen häufiger gekürzt oder ausgesetzt.
Drivers of oak establishment in Mediterranean old fields from 25-year-old woodland islets planted to assist natural regeneration
Authors: Martínez-Baroja Loreto , Rey-Benayas José María , Pérez-Camacho Lorenzo , Villar-Salvador Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlanted woodland islets can provide seeds for restoring forest ecosystems in Mediterranean old fields lacking seed sources, but other factors than seed arrival can also hinder the establishment of woody species. We experimentally examined factors affecting the emergence, survival, growth and recruitment of holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings juveniles from 25-year-old 100-m2 oak woodland islets planted in a Mediterranean old field. Wet springs and summers increased seedling emergence and survival. Distance to the islets per se did not affect seedling performance. However, emergence and survival increased in microsites close to the islets in less sun-exposed orientations of the islets and far from the islets in more sun-exposed orientations. Damage by wild boar reduced emergence, and unsheltered seedlings had 26% lower survival than sheltered ones, reflecting herbivory. Herb community biomass and light reduction by herbs increased with distance from nearest islet; the sparse herb cover around islets was due to competition from woodland islets, not to herbivory. There was a mismatch between the pattern of seedling survival and how the abundance of naturally recruited oaks varied with distance from the nearest islet; this suggests that other drivers can counteract the spatial pattern of seedling survival. We conclude that natural regeneration of Q. ilex in old fields from planted woodland islets is slow (5.7 seedlings ha−1 yr−1) due to acorn and seedling predation, and drought during spring and summer. Despite their small size, planted islets affected survival of oak juveniles depending on the orientation and distance relative to the islets.
Integrating multiple datasets into spatially-explicit capture-recapture models to estimate the abundance of a locally scarce felid
Authors: Ferreras Pablo , Jiménez José , Díaz-Ruiz Francisco , Tobajas Jorge , Alves Paulo Célio , Monterroso Pedro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe conservation of animal populations often requires the estimation of population size. Low density and secretive behaviour usually determine scarce data sources and hampers precise abundance estimations of carnivore populations. However, joint analysis of independent scarce data sources in a common modeling framework allows unbiased and precise estimates of population parameters. We aimed to estimate the density of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) in a protected area of Spain, by combining independent datasets in a spatially-explicit capture-recapture (SCR) framework. Data from live-capture with individual identification, camera-trapping without individual identification and radio-tracking concurrently obtained were integrated in a joint SCR and count data model. Ten live captures of five wildcats were obtained with an effort of 2034 trap-days, whereas seven wildcat independent events were recorded in camera traps with 3628 camera-days. Two wildcats were radio-tagged and telemetry information on their movements was obtained. The integration of the different data sources improved the precision obtained by the standard SCR model. The mean (± SD) density estimated with the integrated model (0.038 ± 0.017 wildcats/km2, 95% highest posterior density 0.013–0.082) is among the lowest values ever reported for this species, despite corresponding to a highly protected area. Among the likely causes of such low density, low prey availability could have triggered an extinction vortex process. We postulate that the estimated low density could represent a common situation of wildcat populations in the southern Iberia, highlighting the need for further studies and urgent conservation actions in the furthermost southwestern range of this species in Europe.
Use of Thermal Image Velocimetry to Measure a Dust-Devil-Like Vortex Within a Sports Ground in a Residential Area
Authors: Inagaki Atsushi , Kanda Manabu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigate the characteristics of a dust-devil-like vortex (DDLV) observed using thermal image velocimetry (TIV) at a sports ground in Tokyo. Thermal image velocimetry provides unique observations of the two-dimensional velocity distribution for a DDLV with high spatio–temporal resolution (i.e., tens of cm s−1) near the ground. Two DDLVs were detected, one each in summer and winter, and the quantitative features of the larger, stronger DDLV in the winter are examined. The size and strength of the detected DDLV, which are quantified using TIV, are within the ranges reported in past observations and numerical simulations of dust devils. The vortex appears at the boundary of a cold-air current near a 55-m building wall, and persists for more than 3 min.
Low neutral and immunogenetic diversity in northern fringe populations of the green toad Bufotes viridis: implications for conservation
Authors: Höglund Jacob , Bolender Lucas , Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Meurling Sara , Laurila Anssi , Hermaniuk Adam , Dufresnes Christophe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenetic variation is often lower at high latitudes, which may compromise the adaptability and hence survival of organisms. Here we show that genetic variability is negatively correlated with northern latitude in European green toads (Bufotes viridis). The result holds true for both putatively neutral microsatellite variation and supposedly adaptive MHC Class IIB variation. In particular, our findings have bearing on the conservation status of this species in Sweden, on the northern limit of its distribution where local populations are small and fragmented. These genetically impoverished populations are closely related to other populations found around the Baltic Sea basin. The low neutral and adaptive variation in these fringe populations compared to population at central ranges confirms a pattern shared across all other amphibians so far studied. In Sweden, the situation of green toads is of concern as the remaining populations may not have the evolutionary potential to cope with present and future environmental challenges.
A new WFD—compliant littoral macroinvertebrate index for monitoring and assessment of Mediterranean lakes (HeLLBI)
Authors: Mavromati Efpraxia , Kemitzoglou Dimitra , Tsiaoussi Vasiliki , Lazaridou Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new multimetric index (HeLLBI) based on littoral benthic macroinvertebrates is presented in this paper for classification of Greek natural lakes, in compliance with the requirements of Water Framework Directive (WFD). The method was developed based on the collection of littoral benthic invertebrate fauna and environmental data from 109 sampling sites in 21 natural lakes of the Greek National Water Monitoring Network. We focused the analysis on the effects of shore morphological alterations and eutrophication to the littoral invertebrate fauna, identified to family level, except oligochaetes, which were identified as a class, and more particularly to taxonomic composition and abundance, to taxa sensitivity, and to richness/diversity. Three metrics were included in the multimeric index: the relative abundance of Odonata classes, the Average Score per Taxon, and the Simpson’s diversity index. The metrics were converted to ecological quality ratios and ecological class boundaries were defined. The final multimetric index HeLLBI is expressed as an arithmetic average of normalized ecological quality ratios of the above metrics and a final score was assigned to each lake. Pressure-response relationships of HeLLBI scores were statistically tested for morphological alterations, expressed as percentage of artificial shoreline, and eutrophication, expressed as total phosphorus. The HeLLBI scores correspond to ecological classes, according to WFD, and sampling sites with different ecological status contained distinct biological communities; those at high status where more diverse and with sensitive taxa and as the water quality deteriorated, macroinvertebrate assemblages consisted of fewer and more tolerant to degradation taxa. The HeLLBI method gave a reliable assessment of littoral benthic invertebrate fauna of Greek natural lakes and could be a useful tool for the classification of ecological status of other Mediterranean lakes.
A Numbers-Based Approach to a Free Particle’s Proper Spacetime
Authors: Ferber R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper contains a proposal for a free, nonzero-rest-mass particle’s proper spacetime, determined exclusively by the particle’s rest mass $$m_0$$

m
0

and numbers. The approach defines proper time as de Broglie time, which is isomorphic to a sequence of natural numbers $$1, 2, \ldots , n$$

1
,
2
,
…
,
n

that count de Broglie time units $$(h/c^2)(m_0^{-1})$$

(
h
/

c
2

)

(

m
0

-
1

)

(see Ferber in Found Phys Lett 9:575, 1996). The approach is based on defining the spatial coordinate as proper following the constructive definition of positive and negative integers as all possible differences of ordered pairs of natural numbers multiplied by the Compton unit $$(h/c)(m_0^{-1})$$

(
h
/
c
)

(

m
0

-
1

)

. The spatial and temporal coordinates that form the particle’s proper spacetime are constructed as Euclidean projections of the de Broglie time. The corresponding expression in the form of an energy-momentum relation reveals the existence, aside from the rest energy term $$m_0c^2$$

m
0

c
2

, of an additional energy term of the same order of magnitude, which is related to large intervals of the $$m_0$$

m
0

-particle’s proper space. The relation of the numbers-based approach to the foundations of the special theory of relativity and of quantum mechanics is discussed.
X-Linked TLR7 Deficiency Underlies Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Male Patient with Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Authors: Abolhassani Hassan , Vosughimotlagh Ahmad , Asano Takaki , Landegren Nils , Boisson Bertrand , Delavari Samaneh , Bastard Paul , Aranda-Guillén Maribel , Wang Yating , Zuo Fanglei , Sardh Fabian , Marcotte Harold , Du Likun , Zhang Shen-Ying , Zhang Qian , Rezaei Nima , Kämpe Olle , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Hammarström Lennart , Pan-Hammarström Qiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to critical conditions. Understanding the mechanism underlying life-threatening COVID-19 is instrumental for disease prevention and treatment in individuals with a high risk.

Objectives
We aimed to identify the genetic cause for critical COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a preexisting inborn error of immunity (IEI).

Methods
Serum levels of specific antibodies against the virus and autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) were measured. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and the impacts of candidate gene variants were investigated. We also evaluated 247 ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients in the Iranian IEI registry.

Results
We report a 7-year-old Iranian boy with a preexisting hyper IgM syndrome who developed critical COVID-19 pneumonia. IgM only specific COVID-19 immune response was detected but no autoantibodies against type I IFN were observed. A homozygous deleterious mutation in the ATM gene was identified, which together with his antibody deficiency, radiosensitivity, and neurological signs, established a diagnosis of A-T. Among the 247 A-T patients evaluated, 36 had SARS-CoV-2 infection, but all had mild symptoms or were asymptomatic except the index patient. A hemizygous deleterious mutation in the TLR7 gene was subsequently identified in the patient.

Conclusions
We report a unique IEI patient with combined ATM and TLR7 deficiencies. The two genetic defects underlie A-T and critical COVID-19 in this patient, respectively.
CEO selection in intergovernmental organizations: the clash between control and efficiency in governance
Authors: Federo Ryan , Saz-Carranza Angel , Fernandez-í-Marin Xavier , Losada Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCEO selection is a crucial governance function influencing and driving the strategic direction of organizations. Extant research has largely assumed that boards are an efficient mechanism vested with the CEO selection function. However, boards are not always delegated with this function. In some organizations, the principals directly select the CEOs to keep effective control over the organization. Drawing on the clashing rationales of control and efficiency, this article identifies the factors influencing the governance choice of whether CEO selection is directly carried out by the principals or channeled through the board. Using a Bayesian logistic regression on a dataset of all global intergovernmental organizations, we find that the substantive character of ownership (i.e., capacity and incentive) matters more than the structure (i.e., diversity and dispersion) in such a governance choice. We also find that organizational characteristics barely have direct and moderating effects on the relationship between ownership structures and the governance choice of CEO selection. Our study has important implications for the literature on CEO selection, and strategic corporate governance research in general.
A non-damped stabilization algorithm for multibody dynamics
Authors: Fernández de Bustos Igor , Uriarte Haritz , Urkullu Gorka , García-Marina Vanessa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe stability of integrators dealing with high order Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs) is a major issue. The usual procedures give rise to instabilities that are not predicted by the usual linear analysis, rendering the common checks (developed for ODEs) unusable. The appearance of these difficult-to-explain and unexpected problems leads to methods that arise heavy numerical damping for avoiding them. This has the undesired consequences of lack of convergence of the methods, along with a need of smaller stepsizes. In this paper a new approach is presented. The algorithm presented here allows us to avoid the interference of the constraints in the integration, thus allowing the linear criteria to be applied. In order to do so, the integrator is applied to a set of instantaneous minimal coordinates that are obtained through the application of the null space. The new approach can be utilized along with any integration method. Some experiments using the Newmark method have been carried out, which validate the methodology and also show that the method behaves in a predictable way if one considers linear stability criteria.