bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Looming Refugee Crisis in the EU: Right‐Wing Party Competition and Strategic Positioning
Authors: Downes James Floyd , Loveless Matthew , Lam Andrew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite a rise in the number of competitive far right parties leading up to the European refugee crisis, some centre right parties achieved or maintained electoral success. We argue that some centre right parties recognize the electoral opportunity for radical right parties to exploit the refugee crisis for electoral gains and strategically adopt hard‐line positions on immigration to maintain and even increase their electoral success. We test our theory of strategic positioning using data on party competition in national parliamentary elections across 28 EU member states at the start of the refugee crisis. Strategic positioning appears to be a particularly successful choice for centre right parties. The quantitative analysis is supported by case studies in Western Europe of Austria and The Netherlands. Whilst strategic positioning may produce short‐term electoral success, it also mainstreams radical immigration positions in contemporary European politics, with negative implications for liberal democracy in Europe.
Glyoxal‐induced formation of advanced glycation end‐products in type 1 collagen decreases both its strength and flexibility in vitro
Authors: Kitamura Kei‐ichiro , Hirayama Jun , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Minami Takao , Matsubara Hajime , Hattori Atsuhiko , Suzuki Nobuo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe high plasma glucose induced in glucose metabolism disorders leads to the non‐enzymatic glucose‐dependent modification (glycation) of type 1 collagen, which is an essential component of bone tissue. The glycation of proteins induces the formation of advanced glycation end‐products, such as carboxymethyl arginine, which is preferentially generated in glycated collagen. However, the effect of advanced glycation end‐product formation on the characteristics of type 1 collagen remains unclear due to the lack of suitable in vitro experimental systems analyzing type 1 collagen. Here, we show that the glycation of type 1 collagen can be analyzed in vitro using a goldfish‐scale bone model. Our study using these scales provides evidence that the advanced glycation end‐product formation in type 1 collagen induced by glyoxal, the carboxymethyl arginine inducer, facilitates the crosslinking of type 1 collagen, decreasing both its strength and flexibility.
Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in octogenarians and nonagenarians
Authors: Vemmou Evangelia , Alaswad Khaldoon , Patel Mitul , Mahmud Ehtisham , Choi James W. , Jaffer Farouc A. , Doing Anthony H. , Dattilo Phil , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Karacsonyi Judit , Xenogiannis Iosif , Garcia Santiago , Burke M. Nicholas , Abi Rafeh Nidal , ElGuindy Ahmed , Goktekin Omer , Abdo Abir , Rangan Bavana V. , Abdullah Shuaib , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in octogenarians and nonagenarians have received limited study.MethodsWe compared in‐hospital outcomes of CTO PCI between patients ≥80 vs. <80‐years‐old in 6233 CTO PCIs performed between 2012 and 2020 at 33 U.S. and international centers.ResultsThere were 415 octogenarians and nonagenarians in our study (7% of the total population). Compared with younger patients, octo‐ and nonagenarians were less likely to be men (73% vs. 83.2%, p < 0.0001) and more likely to have atrial fibrillation (27% vs. 12%, p < 0.0001) and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (43% vs. 29%, p < 0.0001). They were more likely to have CTOs with moderate/severe calcification (71% vs. 46%, p < 0.0001), but had similar mean J‐CTO scores (2.5 ± 1.3 vs. 2.4 ± 1.3, p = 0.08). They had lower technical and procedural success (82.2% vs. 86.3%, p = 0.0201; 80.3% vs. 84.8%, p = 0.016, respectively) and higher incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (3.4% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.021). On multivariable analysis PCI in octo‐ and nonagenarians was not independently associated with technical and procedural success or with in‐hospital MACE.ConclusionCTO PCI is feasible in octo‐ and nonagenarians, although success rates are lower, and the risk of complications is higher compared with younger patients, likely related to more comorbidities and higher coronary lesion complexity.
Histological and ultrasonographic alterations in skin and soft tissue in upper eyelid excised blepharoplasty due to ipsilateral eyebrow tattooing: (preliminary findings)
Authors: Jamshidian Tehrani Mansooreh , Mirghorbani Masoud , Najafi Laily , Sharif Kashani Shervin , Asadi Amoli Fahimeh , Asadi Khameneh Esmaeil 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEyebrow tattooing (ET) is a relatively common cosmetic procedure for middle‐aged women which can hide age‐related ptosis.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the periocular soft tissue changes following ET and its effects on upper eyelid blepharoplasty (UEBL).Patients/MethodsIn this non‐randomized prospective case‐controlled study, 28 subjects recruited, 14 with ET for at least 5 years and 14 without ET. Eyebrows ultrasonography was performed to measure the periocular soft tissue thickness including skin and subcutaneous tissue on the medial and lateral side of the eyebrow. Then, UEBL was performed with extended eyelid skin incisions. So, the excised tissues being evaluated histopathologically.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 50.6 ± 0.6 and 51.2 ± 5.59 years in non‐eyebrow tattooing (NET) and ET groups, respectively (P = .78). In the ET group, soft tissue thickness was, respectively, equal to 5.90 ± 1.10 and 6.3 ± 0.95 mm on the lateral and medial side of the eyebrow, which were significantly thicker compared to the NET group (4.68 ± 0.69 and 4.78 ± 0.56 mm, respectively)(P = .001). Histopathological findings were ranging from edema‐congestion to chronic inflammation and dermal fibrosis which were more frequently seen in ET group. However, this difference was statistically significant only for dermal fibrosis (P = .02). Surgical wound complications were observed in 3 patients who were in the ET group (P = .22).ConclusionSubjects with eyebrow tattooing, as compared to a control group, showed a thicker eyebrow skin on ultrasonography and higher upper eyelid dermal fibrosis on histopathological examination.
Integrating nutrition into the education sector in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A framework for a win–win collaboration
Authors: Xu Yvonne Yiru , Sawadogo‐Lewis Talata , King Shannon E. , Mitchell Arlene , Roberton Timothy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMalnutrition—both undernutrition and overnutrition—is a public health concern worldwide and particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The education sector has high potential to improve immediate nutrition outcomes by providing food in schools and to have more long‐term impact through education. We developed a conceptual framework to show how the education sector can be leveraged for nutrition. We reviewed the literature to identify existing frameworks outlining how nutrition programs can be delivered by and through the education sector and used these to build a comprehensive framework. We first organized nutrition programs in the education sector into (1) school food, meals, and food environment; (2) nutrition and health education; (3) physical activity and education; (4) school health services; and (5) water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. We then discuss how each one can be successfully implemented. We found high potential in improving nutrition standards and quality of school foods, meals and food environment, especially through collaboration with the agriculture sector. There is a need for well‐integrated, culturally appropriate nutrition and health education into the existing school curriculum. This must be supported by a skilled workforce—including nutrition and public health professionals and school staff. Parental and community engagement is cornerstone for program sustainability and success. Current monitoring and evaluation of nutrition programming in schools is weak, and effectiveness, including cost‐effectiveness, of interventions is not yet adequately quantified. Finally, we note that opportunities for leveraging the education sector in the fight against rising overweight and obesity rates are under‐researched and likely underutilized in LMICs.
Impact of worsening renal function on peak oxygen uptake in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ogura Asami , Izawa Kazuhiro P. , Tawa Hideto , Kureha Fumie , Wada Masaaki , Kanai Masashi , Kubo Ikko , Yoshikawa Ryohei , Matsuda Yuichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimWorsening renal function (WRF) induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality. Peak oxygen uptake may contribute to prognosis in AMI patients with WRF, however, the impact of WRF on peak oxygen uptake is unclear.MethodsAmong 154 patients with AMI who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention and participated in phase II cardiac rehabilitation, those who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing were consecutively enrolled. WRF was defined as a ≥20% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2]) from admission to that at cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The association of WRF with peak oxygen uptake was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. The non‐WRF group was divided into two subgroups according to eGFR <60/≥60 at cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and eGFR at cardiopulmonary exercise testing and peak oxygen uptake of all three groups were compared.ResultsNinety‐four patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that WRF was associated with peak oxygen uptake (p = .003). Comparing the non‐WRF group with eGFR at cardiopulmonary exercise testing <60 and the WRF group, although eGFR at cardiopulmonary exercise testing was similar (p = 1.000), peak oxygen uptake in the WRF group was significantly lower (p = .026).ConclusionWRF, not eGFR at cardiopulmonary exercise testing was significantly associated with peak oxygen uptake in patients with AMI. This result suggests that when considering the relationship between renal function and peak oxygen uptake, WRF must be taken into account.
Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the last 5 years
Authors: Aguirre‐Urizar José M. , Lafuente‐Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveOral leukoplakia (OL) is the most frequently encountered oral potentially malignant disorder. The aims of this systematic review are to estimate the overall malignant transformation of OL and to assess the risk factors associated with malignant transformation of OL published in the last 5 years (2015–2020).Materials and MethodsWe performed a bibliographic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases with keywords “oral leukoplakia”, “oral cancer”, “oral carcinoma” and “oral squamous cell carcinoma”. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐four studies were selected, that reported a total of 16,604 patients. Malignant transformation proportion varied between 1.1% and 40.8%. Female gender, non‐homogeneous clinical type, and presence of epithelial dysplasia were significantly related to MT. Other risk factors previously suggested did not show significant results.ConclusionsThe pooled proportion of malignant transformation MT was 9.8% (95% CI: 7.9–11.7). It is necessary to continue to conduct well‐designed prospective clinicopathological studies on OL, using a uniform definition for OL to reduce the risk of bias for evaluating various factors associated with the MT.
Development of nasal allergen challenge with cockroach in children with asthma
Authors: Rudman Spergel Amanda K. , Sever Michelle L. , Johnson Jacqueline , Gill Michelle A. , Schulten Veronique , Frazier April , Kercsmar Carolyn M. , Lovinsky‐Desir Stephanie , Searing Dan A. , Sette Alessandro , Shao Baomei , Teach Stephen J. , Gern James E. , Busse William W. , Togias Alkis , Wood Robert A. , Liu Andrew H. ,   the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Inner City Asthma Consortium
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundNasal allergen challenge (NAC) could be a means to assess indication and/or an outcome of allergen‐specific therapies, particularly for perennial allergens. NACs are not commonly conducted in children with asthma, and cockroach NACs are not well established. This study's objective was to identify a range of German cockroach extract doses that induce nasal symptoms and to assess the safety of cockroach NAC in children with asthma.MethodsTen adults (18‐37 years) followed by 25 children (8‐14 years) with well‐controlled, persistent asthma and cockroach sensitization underwent NAC with diluent followed by up to 8 escalating doses of cockroach extract (0.00381‐11.9 µg/mL Bla g 1). NAC outcome was determined by Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and/or sneeze score. Cockroach allergen–induced T‐cell activation and IL‐5 production were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results67% (6/9) of adults and 68% (17/25) of children had a positive NAC at a median response dose of 0.120 µg/mL [IQR 0.0380‐0.379 µg/mL] of Bla g 1. Additionally, three children responded to diluent alone and did not receive any cockroach extract. Overall, 32% (11/34) were positive with sneezes alone, 15% (5/34) with TNSS alone, and 21% (7/34) with both criteria. At baseline, NAC responders had higher cockroach‐specific IgE (P = .03), lower cockroach‐specific IgG/IgE ratios (children, P = .002), and increased cockroach‐specific IL‐5–producing T lymphocytes (P = .045). The NAC was well tolerated.ConclusionWe report the methodology of NAC development for children with persistent asthma and cockroach sensitization. This NAC could be considered a tool to confirm clinically relevant sensitization and to assess responses in therapeutic studies.
Non‐HLA AT1R antibodies are highly prevalent after pediatric intestinal transplantation
Authors: Chan Alvin P , Guerra Marjorie‐Anne R , Rossetti Maura , Hickey Michelle J , Venick Robert S , Marcus Elizabeth A , McDiarmid Suzanne V , Farmer Douglas G , Reed Elaine F , Wozniak Laura J 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe role of angiotensin II type‐1 receptor (AT1R) antibodies in intestinal transplantation (ITx) is unclear. The aims were 1) to identify the prevalence of AT1R antibodies in pediatric ITx, compared to pediatric intestinal failure (IF), and 2) to determine whether AT1R antibodies were associated with graft dysfunction. 46 serum samples from 25 ITx patients (3 isolated ITx, 22 liver‐inclusive ITx) were collected during routine visits >6 months apart and during episodes of graft dysfunction as a result of infectious enteritis or rejection. For comparison, samples were collected from 7 IF control patients. AT1R antibodies were considered positive for levels >17 U/mL. The median (range) AT1R antibody level for ITx patients was 40.0 U/mL (7.2–40.0), compared to 7.0 U/mL (5.7–40.0) for IF patients (p = .02). There was a trend toward higher prevalence of AT1R antibodies in ITx compared with IF patients (68% versus 29%, p = .09). Among ITx patients, the prevalence of AT1R antibodies was not different between periods of active graft dysfunction and normal health (83% versus 67%, p = .31). For 16 patients with >2 samples, AT1R antibodies remained positive in 67% cases, developed in 14% cases, disappeared in 10% cases, and remained negative in 10% cases. The changes in AT1R antibodies did not correlate with de/sensitizing events. This is the first study of AT1R antibodies in pediatric ITx. AT1R antibodies are highly prevalent after ITx and may be triggered by immune activation associated with the transplant. However, their pathogenicity and clinical utility remain in question.
Molecular and physiological characterization of Arabidopsis–Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathosystem
Authors: Gao Mengze , Wan Miting , Yang Liyun , Zhao Meng , Liu Xiaojin , Chen Jiajia , Liu Pandao , Jiang Lingyan , Luo Lijuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAnthracnose is a destructive disease that affects a wide range of crop plants especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Colletotrichum spp. are the major pathogens causing anthracnose. In this study, we collected and identified the pathogen from diseased samples of Stylosanthes, a major tropical forage crop. The ability of the pathogen to naturally infect Arabidopsis thaliana was examined. Sequence analysis of ITS, ACT, CHS, and GAPDH genes showed the pathogen to be Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato (s.l.), and this was supported further by morphological characterization of representative isolates. The disease symptoms and cellular infection process of aggressive isolates (DZ‐19 and HK‐04) and a weak isolate (CJ‐04) were compared. DZ‐19 and HK‐04 caused more severe disease symptoms on both young seedlings and adult plants of Col‐0 and Ws‐2 ecotypes compared to CJ‐04. Furthermore, the more aggressive isolates showed faster and earlier germination of conidia, formation of appressoria, and growth and development of hyphae during the infection. Genetic analysis of the defence response and expression profiling of defence marker genes demonstrated the involvement of MAP kinase, Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid pathways in the resistance against anthracnose. These results suggest that the Arabidopsis–Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathosystem should provide a valuable tool for exploring the resistance mechanisms against this pathogen.
What to train first: Balance or explosive strength? Impact on performance and intracortical inhibition
Authors: Lauber Benedikt , Gollhofer Albert , Taube Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

Explosive strength and balance training are commonly applied to enhance explosive strength and balance performance. Even though both training methods are frequently implemented, ordering effects have largely been neglected. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate ordering effects of balance and explosive strength training on explosive strength and balance performance as well as changes in short‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Two groups of subjects either participated in 4 weeks of balance training followed by 4 weeks of explosive strength training (BT‐ET) or vice versa (ET‐BT). Before, after 4 and 8 weeks, balance performance, as well as explosive strength, was tested. Additionally, SICI was tested during rest as well as during balance perturbations and explosive contractions. The results show a training specific increase in performance with an increase in balance control followed by an increase in explosive strength in the BT‐ET, while the ET‐BT increased its balance and explosive strength in the opposite order. There were no significant ordering effects. Both groups showed a significant decrease in SICI during the explosive contractions after the eight weeks of training. When SICI was tested during the balance perturbations, SICI initially increased after the first 4 weeks of training but returned to baseline until the end of the eight weeks. It is suggested that the decrease in SICI with prolonged training might show a disengagement of the motor cortex during the balance task. During the explosive contractions, the low SICI levels are beneficial to provide the necessary level of excitatory cortical drive.
Amniotic membrane grafting for traumatic complete spectaculectomy and keratomalacia in a Boelen’s python (Simaliaboeleni)
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Marion Jonah S. , Morrisey James K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical repair of traumatic complete spectaculectomy and keratomalacia in a snake.AnimalsA 10.5‐year‐old, female, Boelen's python (Simalia boeleni) was presented with iatrogenic, near‐complete spectaculectomy associated with bacterial keratitis, keratomalacia, and hypopyon.ProceduresCorneal samples for cytological evaluation and bacterial culture were collected. Following medical stabilization of the bacterial keratitis, a double‐layered dry amniotic membrane graft was placed. The first amniotic membrane layer was placed over the cornea with the edges tucked under the peripheral remnants of the spectacle and secured in place with fibrin glue. The second amniotic membrane layer was placed over the entirety of the spectacle remnant and secured in place with a combination of fibrin glue and sutures. Topical and systemic antimicrobials, topical ophthalmic lubricants, and systemic non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy were administered postoperatively.ResultsHeterophilic keratitis was identified by cytology and Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus sciuri were cultured from the corneal samples. The amniotic membrane grafts remained in place for several weeks. At 4 months postoperatively, the spectacle was completely regenerated, the subspectacular space restored, and the cornea was transparent. Spectacular vascularization and fibrosis then slowly cleared over the following 6 months.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAmniotic membrane grafting with fibrin glue is a relatively simple and effective surgical method to reconstruct extensive defects in the reptilian spectacle and to assist in the management of bacterial keratitis associated with spectacle avulsion.
Polyaxial pedicle screw external fixation to stabilize oblique mandibular fractures in three standing, sedated horses
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Easley Jack , Steward Sara K. T. , Smanik Lauren E. , Koch Drew W. , Rawlinson Jennifer E. , Easley Jeremiah T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the radiographic, surgical and postoperative features in horses with unstable oblique mandibular fractures secured with polyaxial pedicle screws (PPS) external fixation construct and intraoral wiring.AnimalsThree client‐owned horses.Study designShort case series.MethodsTwo horses each had a unilateral fracture, which did not improve after conservative management, and one horse had bilateral fractures. Clinical and radiographic features were documented. Polyaxial pedicle screw external fixators and intraoral tension band wiring were applied in standing horses after combining sedation and regional nerve anesthesia. Intraoral wires were implanted through a lateral buccotomy between teeth (two horses) or burred through exposed crown (one horse) and then secured around the incisors. The PPS were inserted under radiographic guidance to avoid tooth roots. Healing was assessed with radiographic examination. The PPS external fixator rod and intraoral wires were removed first. The mandible was manipulated, and, if it was stable, the PPS were removed.ResultsImplants were removed at 6, 8, or 10 weeks after the mandibles were palpably stable. Complications included broken wires in one horse, bone sequestration in one horse, and infection in one horse. Follow‐up communication with the owners 12 to 18 months later confirmed complete healing without further complications of the fractured mandibles or teeth.ConclusionPolyaxial pedicle screw external fixation led to fracture healing and a return to function in all three horses. The complications encountered did not preclude a successful outcome.Clinical significancePolyaxial pedicle screw external fixation coupled with intraoral wiring provides an alternative to treat unstable equine mandibular fractures without general anesthesia.