bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser surface hardening of steel parts
Authors: Korostelev V.F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hardness of steel parts after laser treatment depends on a number of factors. In this paper, attention is focused on the surface heating temperature. The aim of the study is to make a reasonable choice of heating temperature. The results of physical modeling are presented. It is established that the temperature of the phase transformation decreases by 150 … 200 K. This is due to thermal stresses. The kinetics and mechanism of transformation during laser processing affect the formation of the structure. Heating to a temperature 200.250 K below the melting point leads to an increase in hardness by 10-15 HRC units.
Percolation model of electric properties of laser modified PbTe film
Authors: Bukharov D.N. , Scryabin I.O. , Lelekova A.F. , Sisoyev M.R. , Arakelian S.M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results of experiments on obtaining and studying the electrical properties of semiconductor films of PbTe are presented, and a model of current-voltage characteristics in the percolation approximation is proposed. The simulation performed qualitatively correctly reflects the current-voltage characteristics of the obtained films.
Femtosecond laser micromachining of thin-film coatings in a high-voltage electrostatic field
Authors: Chkalov R.V. , Chkalova D.G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work is devoted to the problem of forming micro- and nanoscale elements topologies of high-resolution by means of controlled treatment of material surface with ultrashort laser pulses. The technology of processing thin-film coatings by the method of selective laser ablation is described. The possibility of using a high-voltage electrostatic field for collecting ablation products and preventing their deposition on the surface of formed microstructures is shown.
Developing Personal Subsidiary Farms in the Food Supply System of the Altai Krai
Authors: Vorobyova V V , Bugay Yu A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper identifies the problems of developing individual subsidiary farms in the Altai Krai in the context of sustainable development. The authors assess contemporary trends in small-scale farming in Russia and identify the main regions with a concentration of individual subsidiary farms in agricultural production. The main trends in the development of personal subsidiary farms are considered on the example of the Altai Krai. In individual subsidiary farms, the number of livestock and poultry decreases, and the number of bee families increases. Individual subsidiary farms remain the primary producers of potatoes, vegetables, wool, commercial honey, milk, cattle, meat, and poultry. The production marketability tends to increase but remains low. The reserve for the growth of sales volume due to production and marketing cooperation is practically not used since only five cooperatives are operating. The authors grouped the factors hindering the development of households, considering the demographic, behavioral, organizational, financial, and legal aspects of small businesses. In rural areas with a concentration of production in individual subsidiary farms, demographic indicators are at the regional average values. In addition, the labor market tension is lower than the average for the area.
The Inter-varietal Specifics of Celery Seed Morphological Parameters
Authors: Bukharov A F , Razin A F , Ivanova M I , Razin O A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors studied 12 varieties of leaf, root, and petiole celery. The morphological parameters of seeds (such as their length, the lengths of the endosperm and the embryo) varied significantly. Samples of “K-635” and “Vanyusha” exceeded the average seed length at a p-value of 5%, and at 1% for the “Royal night” variety. The varieties “Royal night,” “Prague giant,” “Vanyusha,” and “K-635” had the above-average endosperm length. The varieties “Apple,” “K-635”, “Senezh”, and “Royal night” significantly exceeded the average embryo length. Different varieties displayed diverse coefficients of morphological parameter variation. They fluctuated between 12.0% and 17.8% for the embryo length, between 9.4% and 17.3% for the endosperm length, and between 9.4% and 17.9% for seed length. The authors established the Iemb/end index, denoting the embryo to endosperm ratio. The sample maximums of this index (0.91) were observed in the “Malachite” and “Senezh” varieties. The authors analyzed statistical correlation for three parameter pairs and established the Rseed/end, Rseed/emb, and Rend/emb indexes. The Rseed/end index fluctuated from 0.774 in “Senezh” variety to 0.924 in “Malachite” variety. The other three indexes were relatively weak. Rend/emb fluctuated between 0.192 and 0.318, and Rseed/emb fluctuated between 0.157 and 0.254.
The Impact of Short-term Thermal Stress on the Consequent Germination of Dill Seeds
Authors: Bukharov A F , Razin A F , Baleev D N , Ivanova M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors obtained new data on the germination of dill seeds, which were gathered from the first-order and second-order branches, after short-term thermal stress (40 °C). The seeds were germinated in a thermostat. The swollen seeds (4 replications with 100 seeds each) were incubated at 40 °C for 1 to 5 days. The seeds in the control group were not incubated. After the incubation, the seeds were transferred to the standard (t = 20 °C) conditions and germinated on filter paper in Petri dishes without light for 21 days. In this study, the authors employed the dynamic method of seed germination analysis. To plot the seed germination curve, the authors used a log-logistic regression with three parameters: b, d, and e. The statistical analysis was conducted in R 3.4.3. The authors determined the duration of heat stress that inhibits the germination speed and germination rate of seeds. Seeds gathered from the first-order branches (“first-order seeds” from now onward) after 1-day to 3-day incubation germinated similarly to the control group. Increasing the incubation period to 4–5 days sharply reduced the germination speed. Seeds gathered from the second-order branches (“second-order seeds” from now onward) were less resistant to high-temperature stress. Three-day incubation completely precluded germination. The germination time of 50% (T50) of the first-order seeds slowed by 0.92±0.11–6.4±0.49 days because of the gradual increase in incubation time. The second-order seeds that incubated for 1–2 days germinated significantly slower than the control group seeds. After this point, further incubation precluded germination. Upon reaching the incubation threshold, the germination rate curves steepened and then continued falling up to the full germination stop. The maximum incubation time (at 40 °C), after which germination was possible in standard temperature conditions, was 3.69±0.06 days for the first-order seeds, and 2.00±0.19 days for the second-order roots. The differences in data were statistically significant at p-value < 0.001
Intra-varietal Variability of Morphological Elements of Dill Seeds
Authors: Bukharov A F , Razin A F , Baleev D N , Razin O A , Ivanova M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors of this study sampled the seeds of the “Centaur” dill variety, grown in the open field in the Moscow Region (Russia). The main morphometric parameters of dill seeds, i.e., the length of seed, endosperm, and embryo, varied significantly. Samples No. 3, 8, 17, and 30 consistently exceeded the average values in all three parameters. The authors note the high variability of all morphological elements of seeds. The embryo demonstrated the maximum index of variability (V=22.8%). The authors established the Iemb/end, denoting the embryo-to-endosperm ratio, and demonstrated its importance. Samples No. 8, 14, 17, and 27 had the maximum index values in the sample (1.5 times higher than the average). The reasons for the observed seed variability, especially the influence of hereditary and non-hereditary factors, constitute further research agenda.
The Effect of Vermicompost from Local Raw Materials on Tomato Productivity in Yakutia
Authors: Stepanova D I , Grigoriev M F , Grigorieva A I , Tatarinova Z G , Ivanov A I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors conducted an experiment on the effect of different types of biofertilizers (vermicomposts) on tomato productivity in Central Yakutia greenhouses. The experiment was replicated three times. The greenhouse soil mixture consisted of equal parts sod (turf), decomposed manure, and old wood shavings. The experimental data show the optimal specifications and timing of vermicompost addition. The dose of 100 grams of vermicompost per plant increased the tomato yield in July and August by 7.6 kg/m2 and in early yields by 1.6 kg/m2. The application of biofertilizer increased Vitamin C concentration by 22.8-25.6 mg% in fruits. The local vermicompost application method allowed to decrease the prime cost of tomato growing by 11%. As a result of this study, the authors developed a series of guidelines on vermicompost addition in the Yakutia environment that allowed maximizing yields while lowering prime costs.
Integrated Biochemical Estimation of Seabuckthorn Berries in Conditions of the Forest-Steppe Area of the Altai Krai
Authors: Kondrateva I A , Borodulina I D , Zubarev Yu A , Zemtsova A Ya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is considered a multipurpose crop. Different parts of the plant are marked with a unique composition of nutrients and biologically active substances (soluble sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, organic acids, etc.). The study of biochemical composition is necessary for successful breeding and widening seabuckthorn utilization in medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. The paper presents the integrated biochemical features of seabuckthorn berries bred by the Lisavenko Institute in Barnaul, Russia (3 varieties and 58 hybrids). Biochemical analysis was carried out according to common research methods. We established the variability for such substances as soluble solids, sugars, vitamin C, titratable acids, oils, and sugar acids. Significant variability for sugars content (22%), vitamin C content (32%), and sugar-acid index (36%) was revealed. According to the assessment results, we selected 12 promising genotypes. We also identified genotypes combining maximum levels of 1–3 biochemical features.
Fatty Acids and Sterols in Avena Sativa L. in Yakutia Permafrost
Authors: Nokhsorov V V , Chirikova N K , Olennikov D N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors of this study examined the seasonal changes in qualitative and quantitative contents of fatty acids, total lipids, phospholipids, and sterols of the common oat (Avena sativa L.) that were sown at different times. They grow in Yakutia permafrost and undergo inter-season cold hardening. During the first phase of cold hardening (fall period), the total lipid content in oat biomass grows considerably. Moreover, the content of phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased, compared them to other summer fodder plants. In fall, the amount of phosphatidylcholine in oats increased 3.9 times compared to summer. Alpha-linolenic polyunsaturated acid was predominant in summer and fall (14.8 mg/g and 28.4 mg/g in dry mass, respectively). The inter-season (summer-fall) dominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids at low above-zero temperatures allows keeping the membrane fluidity at a necessary level. The total sterol content in A. sativa biomass was 0.8%. The authors concluded that fall vegetation is the primary source of pre-winter fattening of the Far North herbivorous animals.
The Study of Chemical and Biological Fungicides for the Protection of Peas from Rust in the Forest-Steppe Zone of the Altai Krai
Authors: Zarevina K S , Stetcov G Ya , Silanteva M M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the study of chemicals and biological chemicals for protecting peas against rust, a disease widespread throughout the world. Pisum sativum needs protection from this disease, which depresses the culture and reduces its productivity. The study used chemical (Falcon, EC, Alto Super, EC, Prozaro Quantum, EC) and biological (Bactofit, SC, Rizoplan, SL) fungicides. Field experiments were carried out in the plant protection laboratory of the Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology in 2015 and 2017. The studies show that there are prospects for developing a biological method of protecting plants from diseases. The use of biological pesticides will reduce the burden on the environment. After all, for a long time, the agro-industrial complex adhered to intensive agriculture principles, which ultimately led to the degradation of resistance in agricultural land and pests to many chemical pesticides. On the totality of the studied factors, the biological fungicide Rizoplan, SL turned out to be the best for protecting pea crops against rust.
Regulating the Market of Food Additives: World and Domestic Experience
Authors: Glubokova L G , Kokhanenko D V , Bogdanova M M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the domestic and foreign market of food additives and the risks associated with dietary supplements. Using research materials by world companies, the authors describe the main directions for regulating this market in developed countries. Nutritional supplements are located between food and pharmaceutical products. They are designed to treat acute malnutrition or specific dietary problems. The main share of food additives is distributed through pharmacies. Only one-third is provided through direct sales and other channels. The content of food additives must be strictly regulated at the state level and meet the standards of composition, purity, and safety. The international regulation of the food additives market is based on compliance with the Codex Alimentarius International Food Regulations (a set of averages). In some countries, the principle is established by national standards and laws. The purpose of the regulation is to distribute food additives that meet market standards and avoid significant risks (quality problems, health problems, climate change, and unethical behavior). The production and sale of food additives require strict control over product labeling, analysis of the composition, warning of side effects (prohibition of use), effectiveness (utility), and distribution channels.
Biodiesel Fuel Based on Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Latypov R M , Sergeev N S , Zapevalov M V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Many countries, including the Russian Federation, conduct research on replacing mineral fuel with environmentally friendly energy. One of these types can be a biodiesel fuel based on vegetable oils. Any oil can be used for this purpose; however, rapeseed oil fuel seems to be the most rational one. Even in ancient times, lanterns were used to light the streets and lubricate metal parts in contact with water and steam to prevent corrosion. It is currently used in hydraulic systems of tractors and agricultural machines. The study aims to determine comparative operational parameters of a diesel engine when running on diesel fuel and fuel based on rapeseed oil. Rapeseed oil differs significantly from diesel fuel in viscosity and flash temperature; if diesel viscosity is 4.3 mm2/s, rapeseed oil viscosity is 75.1 mm2/s. The mixture consisting of 75% rapeseed oil and 25% diesel fuel has a thickness of 36.0 mm2/s, and the density and lower combustion heat are close to the diesel fuel parameters. The studies on preparing the rapeseed oil and diesel fuel mixture have been carried out in the South Ural State Agrarian University. They resulted in developing a production line for making the fuel mixture and conducting the comparative tests of the D-240 engine when working on diesel mineral fuel and when working on fuel consisting of a mix of 75% rapeseed oil and 25% diesel fuel. The authors find that at a nominal frequency of engine crankshaft rotation (2,170 rpm), the engine efficient power is 53.3 kW, running both on diesel fuel and on a mixture of rapeseed oil and diesel fuel. With the same torque of 235 N/m, the efficient fuel mixture consumption is only 17 g/kWh more. This gives the reasons for using this mixture as a fuel in a diesel engine in terms of energy parameters.
Lipid Metabolism in Urban Residents with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sharlaeva E A , Bobina I V , Sokolova G G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the lipid and lipoprotein spectrum in blood serum from Barnaul residents suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The authors examined 187 people (98 women and 89 men) with type 2 diabetes and CVD, aged 30-90. All subjects in the blood serum were tested for total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of low-density lipoprotein (LDLC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglycerides (TG). The TC, LDLCl, VLDLC, HDLCl, and TG concentration were established on the Konelab automatic analyzer (manufactured by “Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy,” Finland). In the lipid spectrum of blood in women with CVD, the level of TC is above the reference values. A similar situation is observed with TG in the blood in patients with verified diabetes type 2 and CVD. The concentration of LDL cholesterol in the blood of women with cardiovascular pathologies exceeds the norm. The level of HDL cholesterol in men with type 2 diabetes, on the contrary, is below the reference values. There are significant differences in HDL cholesterol content in the blood between men and women with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, a significant difference in the level of TC and LDL-C is established in residents with both pathologies. Lipidogram indices are of prognostic value in CVD development in patients with type 2 diabetes and with cardiovascular pathologies.
Environment as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon
Authors: Popov E A , Kolesnikova O N , Zamjatina O N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the environment as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The emphasis is made on identifying environmental trends. The study of the environment in this paradigm allows us to rethink the phenomenon axiologically, which changes the attitude towards the environment, sometimes in a radical way. The main research methods were the analysis of secondary data of applied research and an expert survey of specialists from three bordering states – Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. These methods ensure the full implementation of the research purpose. The following provisions present the main results: (1) the environment is perceived as a universal and regional value affecting the spiritual life of a person and society and ensuring their spiritual security; (2) management decisions in the environment should be associated with the understanding of this phenomenon as a socio-cultural one, which increases the degree of responsibility and importance of the environment for the continuity of generations of cultural carriers. The study justifies the need for a paradigm change in understanding the environment as a socio-cultural phenomenon.
The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Cardiovascular System and Quality of Mastering the Profession
Authors: Voronina I Yu , Bobkova D G 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Meteosensitivity determines the state of human health. It is reflected in all areas of activity. The cardiovascular system is one of the most sensitive to changes in environmental factors. Its form is considered as the most vulnerable element in professional adaptation. The study aims to determine whether the state of the cardiovascular system depends on abiotic environmental factors in healthy people during industrial training. Additionally, we tried to determine whether the state of the cardiovascular system influences the quality of developed professional skills. We examined 84 girls between 17 and 21 during 26 weeks of practical training in the first and second shifts. We recorded their blood pressure and heart rate, and also calculated the Kerdo vegetative index. We monitored such abiotic factors as air temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, wind direction, velocity, and air pressure. We also considered the day of the week, time of the day, date, daylight hours, and Wolf relative number. The data were subject to correlation analysis. The results demonstrate that the mean group values of blood circulation indicators in vocational school students correlate to adaptive biorhythms, solar activity, weather, and environmental factors. The state of the students’ cardiovascular system affects the quality of mastering professional skills.
Environmental Values in the Structure of Student Values
Authors: Mititsina E A , Parfenova N B , Bizaeva A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study expands ideas of the role of environmental values in environmentally oriented behavior. The work aims to specify the structure of students’ ecological values, their relationship with other types of deals, as well as to analyze the intensity level of students’ environmental values compared to previously published works. An original standardized questionnaire was used to examine environmental values. Factor analysis of the obtained data revealed the structure of values. The ANOVA single-factor dispersion analysis was conducted to identify the effects of environmental matters on environmental behavior orientation. As a result, the students’ environmental costs were structured into three groups – the values of responsibility for the environment, the amount of pragmatic attitude to nature, and the importance of unity with the natural environment (as opposed to material costs well-being). Despite the high level of environmental values among students, their willingness to take personal responsibility for environmental issues is weak. The significant effects of values on behavioral intentions have been found only in terms of the certainty that environmental problems must be addressed at the level of political decisions and social activities. The results point to the need not only to promote environmental values among young people but also to engage them in conservation activities actively.
The Influence of the Relief and Granulometric Composition of the Arable and Illuvial Horizons of Sod-Podzolic Soil on the Formation of Physical and Chemical Properties and Productivity of Culture
Authors: Ragimov A O , Mazirov M A , Shenterova E M , Savoskina O A , Polin V D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents research results on the water physical properties of sod-podzolic soils forming from binomial deposit sediments. The authors show that the granulometric composition of water-glacial deposits and the depth of the underlying rocks of sod-podzolic soils have adverse agrophysical properties. These properties affect crop productivity as a result of soaking crops in the autumn-winter period and a healthy moisture deficit in the vegetation period. The authors show the dependence of organic matter content, water-physical quantities on the range of particles of physical clay. The authors draw a clear differentiation of water physical properties along the profile of sod-podzolic soils.