bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEIBNIZ ON BODIES AND INFINITIES:RERUM NATURAAND MATHEMATICAL FICTIONS
Authors: KATZ MIKHAIL G. , KUHLEMANN KARL , SHERRY DAVID , UGAGLIA MONICA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe way Leibniz applied his philosophy to mathematics has been the subject of longstanding debates. A key piece of evidence is his letter to Masson on bodies. We offer an interpretation of this often misunderstood text, dealing with the status of infinite divisibility innature, rather than inmathematics. In line with this distinction, we offer a reading of the fictionality of infinitesimals. The letter has been claimed to support a reading of infinitesimals according to which they are logical fictions, contradictory in their definition, and thus absolutely impossible. The advocates of such a reading have lumped infinitesimals with infinite wholes, which are rejected by Leibniz as contradicting the part–whole principle. Far from supporting this reading, the letter is arguably consistent with the view that infinitesimals, as inassignable quantities, arementis fictiones, i.e., (well-founded) fictions usable in mathematics, but possibly contrary to the Leibnizian principle of the harmony of things and not necessarily idealizing anything inrerum natura. Unlike infinite wholes, infinitesimals—as well as imaginary roots and other well-founded fictions—may involve accidental (as opposed to absolute) impossibilities, in accordance with the Leibnizian theories of knowledge and modality.
A safe and just space for urban mobility: a framework for sector-based sustainable consumption corridor development
Authors: Dillman Kevin Joseph , Czepkiewicz Michał , Heinonen Jukka , Davíðsdóttir Brynhildur 
Published: December 2021

Non-technical summaryThe exponential growth of humanity's resource consumption over the last half-century has led to ecological decline while people's basic needs have not been universally satisfied. The ‘doughnut economy’ and sustainable consumption corridor concepts have gained global attention, providing frameworks in which the maximum allowable environmental impacts and the minimum social levels acceptable to lead a good life establish a guiding pathway to meet human needs whilst remaining within the Earth's carrying capacity. We apply this thinking to the urban mobility sector in this article in an attempt to formulate a ‘safe and just space’ for urban mobility.Technical summaryThe theoretical and broad application of the ‘doughnut economy’ and sustainable consumption corridor concepts are lacking in implementation due to a limited understanding of sectoral thresholds. This study highlights the weakness of sustainable urban mobility indicator studies which often lack connections to ecological ceilings and social foundations and, thus, lack the ability to show if a mobility system is intergenerationally sustainable or not. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap and develop a mobility sector-focused sustainable consumption corridor. It does so by using a collection of concepts and associated indicators ranging from sustainable urban mobility, sustainable consumption corridors, ecological thresholds, needs theory and mobility social impacts to mobility poverty. The output of this study is an initial design of a mobility-focused sustainable consumption corridor with suggested themes and indicators to measure the relative performance of a region in relation to the material dimensions of the corridor accompanied by a discussion surrounding spatial, temporal and sectoral corridor-defining thresholds. This work provides a novel first step in the direction of sector-based sustainable consumption corridors which can aid in providing a transformational alternative to the status quo through the implementation of safe and just sectors.Social media summaryThis article applies the ‘doughnut economy’ and sustainable consumption corridors to the urban mobility sector. It provides a framework for evaluating urban mobility systems in terms of their ecological impacts (the ‘ecological ceiling’) and providing for human needs (the ‘social floor’), and for defining a ‘safe and just space for urban mobility’.
Extreme Flooding and Nitrogen Dynamics of a Blackwater River
Authors: Neville J. A. , Emanuel R. E. , Nichols E. G. , Vose J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtreme floods, including those expected to become more frequent in a warming world, may impact nutrient metabolism in streams. However, flood impacts on spatial and temporal variability of nutrient dynamics on large rivers (e.g., fourth order and higher) have been understudied. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew provided a unique opportunity to evaluate nitrate retention and processing on the Lumbee River, a blackwater stream in southeastern North Carolina. The 3,000+ km2 watershed received as much as 400 mm of rain in 48 hr as the storm moved across the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Resulting floods in the watershed were the largest on record, based on more than 80 years of continuous streamflow measurements at the watershed outlet. We used a modified Lagrangian sampling method to collect water samples and supporting water quality data at multiple points along three reaches of the Lumbee River for several months before and after Hurricane Matthew. Samples were analyzed for nitrate‐nitrogen and used to estimate retention and areal uptake rates for multiple subsections within each reach. Although nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations did not change significantly after the flood, we found that the spatial variability of within‐reach retention and areal uptake increased substantially following the flood, evidenced by changes to within‐reach interquartile ranges. The spatial variability of areal uptake returned to pre‐flood levels approximately eight months after Hurricane Matthew, but retention variability remained elevated at the end of our field study. These results highlight the potential for extreme flooding to impact biogeochemical processes in large rivers long after flood waters subside.
Rock Magnetic Signature of Heterogeneities Across an Intraplate Basal Contact: An Example From the Northern Apennines
Authors: Robustelli Test Claudio , Zanella Elena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeterogeneities in the magnetic signature along intraplate shear zones complicate their correlation with the physical processes that are involved in the geodynamic evolution of megathrusts. Isolating the preferred orientation of different magnetic minerals may provide insights into faulting processes, tectonics, and strain partitioning. Studies of exhumed analogs are fundamental to constrain variations in the magnetic properties with respect to a geodynamic context of intraplate shear zones. This study uses a combined statistical and magnetic approach to separate the contribution of coexisting petrofabrics to better interpret the heterogeneities in the magnetic signature. The main results indicate that there is a strong dependency among the variation in the magnetic properties and their anisotropy with the distance from the thrust faults and strain localization within the shear zone. Close to the main thrust, we observed a shear‐related fabric, indicating a high degree of non‐coaxial strain. Away from the thrust faults, the degree of anisotropy and the ellipsoids' oblateness gradually diminishes and subfabrics related to previous tectonic events or less intense deformation become dominant. Our observations also indicate strain decoupling across the basal thrust with dominant vertical uniaxial strain within the footwall. In contrast characterization of the anisotropy of magnetic remanence provides significant information on the variable response of different subpopulations of ferromagnetic minerals to shearing, indicating different degree of reworking or independent deformation processes.
The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 1. Tephrostratigraphic Correlations
Authors: Kutterolf S. , Freundt A. , Hansteen T. H. , Dettbarn R. , Hampel F. , Sievers C. , Wittig C. , Allen S. R. , Druitt T. H. , McPhie J. , Nomikou P. , Pank K. , Schindlbeck‐Belo J. C. , Wang K.‐L. , Lee H.‐Y. , Friedrichs B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Milos, Christiana‐Santorini‐Kolumbo (CSK) and Kos‐Yali‐Nisyros (KYN) volcanic complexes of the Aegean Volcanic Arc have repeatedly produced highly explosive eruptions from at least ∼360 ka into historic times and still show recent unrest. We present the marine tephra record from an array of 50, up to 7.4 m long, sediment cores along the arc collected in 2017 during RV Poseidon cruise POS513, which complements earlier work on distal to ultra‐distal eastern Mediterranean sediment cores. A unique set of glass‐shard trace element (LA‐ICPMS) compositions complements our major element (EMP) data on 220 primary ash layers and 40 terrestrial samples to support geochemical fingerprinting for correlations with 19 known tephras from all three volcanic complexes and with the 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite from the Campi Flegrei, Italy. The correlations include 11 eruptions from CSK (Kameni, Kolumbo 1650, Minoan, Cape Riva, Cape Tripiti, Upper Scoriae 1 and 2, Middle Pumice, Cape Thera, Lower Pumice, Cape Therma 3). We identify a previously unknown widespread tephra from a plinian eruption on Milos (Firiplaka Tephra). Near the KYN we correlate marine tephras with the Kos Plateau Tuff, the Yali 1 and Yali 2 tephras, and the Upper and Lower Pumice on Nisyros. Between these two major tephras, we found two tephras from Nisyros not yet observed on land. The four Nisyros tephras form a systematic trend toward more evolved magma compositions. In the companion paper we use the tephrostratigraphic framework established here to constrain new eruption ages and magnitudes as a contribution to volcanic hazard assessment.
The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 2. Tephra Ages and Volumes, Eruption Magnitudes and Marine Sedimentation Rate Variations
Authors: Kutterolf S. , Freundt A. , Druitt T. H. , McPhie J. , Nomikou P. , Pank K. , Schindlbeck‐Belo J. C. , Hansteen T. H. , Allen S. R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe use the tephrostratigraphic framework along the Aegean Volcanic Arc established in Part 1 of this contribution to determine hemipelagic sedimentation rates, calculate new tephra ages, and constrain the minimum magnitudes of (sub)plinian eruptions of the last 200 kyrs. Hemipelagic sedimentation rates range from ∼0.5 cm/kyr up to ∼40 cm/kyr and vary laterally as well as over time. Interpolation between dated tephras yields an eruption age of ∼37 ka for the Firiplaka tephra, showing that explosive volcanism on Milos is ∼24 kyrs younger than previously thought. The four marine Nisyros tephras (N1 to N4) identified in Part 1 (including the Upper (N1) and Lower (N4) Pumice) have ages of ∼57 ka, ∼63 ka, ∼69 ka, and ∼76 ka, respectively. Eruption ages for the Yali‐1 and Yali‐2 tephras are ∼55 ka and ∼34 ka, respectively. The Yali‐2 tephra comprises two geochemically and laterally distinct marine facies. The southern facies is identical to the Yali‐2 fall deposit on land but the western facies has slightly less evolved glass compositions. Overall, erupted plinian and co‐ignimbrite fall tephra volumes range from <1 to 56 km3 (excluding possible caldera fillings and ignimbrite volumes), and 80% of the eruptions had magnitude 5.5 < M ≤ 7.2 (M = log(m)‐7; m = erupted magma mass in kg). Twenty percent of the tephras represent 3.2 < M < 5.5 eruptions. The long‐term average tephra magma mass flux through highly explosive eruptions of Santorini is estimated at ∼40 kg/s. The analogous data for the Kos‐Yali‐Nisyros volcanic complex is less‐well constrained but similar to Santorini.
Impact Angle Control of Local Intense dB/dt Variations During Shock‐Induced Substorms
Authors: Oliveira Denny M. , Weygand James M. , Zesta Eftyhia , Ngwira Chigomezyo M. , Hartinger Michael D. , Xu Zhonghua , Giles Barbara L. , Gershman Daniel J. , Silveira Marcos V. D. , Souza Vítor M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of interplanetary shocks on the magnetosphere can trigger magnetic substorms that intensify auroral electrojet currents. These currents enhance ground magnetic field perturbations (dB/dt), which in turn generate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that can be detrimental to power transmission infrastructure. We perform a comparative study of dB/dt variations in response to two similarly strong shocks, but with one being nearly frontal and the other highly inclined. Multi‐instrument analyses by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft show that nightside substorm‐time energetic particle injections are more intense and occur faster in the case of the nearly head‐on impact. The same trend is observed in dB/dt variations recorded by THEMIS ground magnetometers. THEMIS all‐sky imager data show a fast and clear poleward auroral expansion in the first case, which does not clearly occur in the second case. Strong field‐aligned currents computed with the spherical elementary current system (SECS) technique occur in both cases, but the current variations resulting from the inclined shock impact are weaker and slower compared to the nearly frontal case. SECS analyses also reveal that geographic areas with dB/dt surpassing the thresholds 1.5 and 5 nT/s, usually linked to high‐risk GICs, are larger and occur earlier due to the symmetric compression caused by the nearly head‐on impact. These results, with profound space weather implications, suggest that shock impact angles affect the geospace driving conditions and the location and intensity of the subsequent dB/dt variations during substorm activity.
Spaceborne River Discharge From a Nonparametric Stochastic Quantile Mapping Function
Authors: Elmi Omid , Tourian Mohammad J. , Bárdossy András , Sneeuw Nico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe number of active gauges with open‐data policy for discharge monitoring along rivers has decreased over the last decades. Therefore, spaceborne measurements are investigated as alternatives. Among different techniques for estimating river discharge from space, developing a rating curve between the ground‐based discharge and spaceborne river water level or width is the most straightforward one. However, this does not always lead to successful results, since the river section morphology often cannot simply be modeled by a limited number of parameters. Moreover, such methods do not deliver a proper estimation of the discharge's uncertainty as a result of the mismodeling and also the coarse assumptions made for the uncertainty of inputs. Here, we propose a nonparametric model for estimating river discharge and its uncertainty from spaceborne river width measurements. The model employs a stochastic quantile mapping scheme by, iteratively: (a) generating realizations of river discharge and width time series using Monte Carlo simulation, (b) obtaining a collection of quantile mapping functions by matching all possible permutations of simulated river discharge and width quantile functions, and (c) adjusting the measurement uncertainties according to the point cloud scatter. We validate our method over 14 different river reaches along the Niger, Congo, Po Rivers, and several river reaches in the Mississippi river basin. Our results show that the proposed algorithm can mitigate the effect of measurement noise and also possible mismodeling. Moreover, the proposed algorithm delivers a meaningful uncertainty for the estimated discharge and allows us to calibrate the error bars of in situ discharge measurements.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emission Hotspots in Heterogeneous Riparian Sediments
Authors: Wallace Corey D. , Tonina Daniele , McGarr Jeffrey T. , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Soltanian Mohamad Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent ozone‐depleting greenhouse gas produced by incomplete denitrification. Recent works on riverine N2O emissions focus mainly on contributions from in‐channel, benthic, and fluvial hyporheic environments under assumptions of steady‐state conditions and homogeneous sediment hydraulic conductivity (K). However, riparian floodplains are also a potentially important N2O source characterized by complex sediment heterogeneity and dynamic surface and groundwater interactions. We use numerical flow and reactive transport models to investigate the influence of complex sedimentary architecture and high‐flow events (e.g., storms) on N2O production. We interpret the correlation between flow and solute fields with the flow topological Okubo‐Weiss metric (OW) and the scalar dissipation rate weighted by soil organic matter (OM) fraction and soil saturation. We model a heterogeneous riparian floodplain based on field observations from the Theis Environmental Monitoring and Modeling Site, Ohio, USA. N2O production is greatest within intermediate‐K sediments (e.g., sands) where denitrification rates are highest, and emissions increase by more than an order of magnitude during storms. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the denitrification rate is most influential for N2O flux, accounting for nearly 46% of the variance in production rates. Denitrification rates adapt to spatial changes in the flow topology (measured by OW) related to sediment heterogeneity and are strongly influenced by subsurface mixing dynamics. Mixing is greatest in shear strain‐dominated regions, while vorticity promotes OM dissolution and prolongs residence times. Accurate lithologic representation is imperative for characterizing subsurface N2O production dynamics, especially given growing concern regarding climate change driven hydrologic changes within watersheds worldwide.
Tracking Microplastics Across the Streambed Interface: Using Laser‐Induced‐Fluorescence to Quantitatively Analyze Microplastic Transport in an Experimental Flume
Authors: Boos Jan‐Pascal , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas , Frei Sven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRivers and streams are a primary transport vector for microplastics (MPs), connecting terrestrial sources to marine environments. While previous studies indicated that pore‐scale MPs can accumulate in streambed sediments, the specific MPs transport and retention mechanisms in fluvial systems remain poorly understood. As part of this technical note, we present a novel method for a quantitative analysis of the spatiotemporal transport and retention of pore‐scale MPs in an experimental flume. A continuous mass balance for MPs in surface water was achieved using two online fluorometers, while a laser‐induced Fluorescence‐Imaging‐System was developed to track and quantify the spatial migration of MPs through the streambed sediments. The detection limit was <1 μg/L for 1 μm polystyrene microbeads with the fluorometers and 3 μg/L for the Fluorescence‐Imaging‐System. The system was able to quantitatively track the advective transfer of MPs into the streambed sediments: a process that has yet not been observed experimentally. Results showed that MPs infiltrated into the streambed sediments up to a depth twice the bedform amplitude. This work provides a novel experimental method to quantitatively monitor MP transport through porous media and advective exchange of MP across the streambed interface.
Transmissive-detected laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue: from Monte Carlo simulation to experimental demonstration
Authors: Li Dong-Yu , Xia Qing , Yu Ting-Ting , Zhu Jing-Tan , Zhu Dan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLaser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow distribution and has been widely used in studies of microcirculation, both for animal and clinical applications. Conventionally, LSCI usually works on reflective-detected mode. However, it could provide promising temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo applications only with the assistance of various tissue windows, otherwise, the overlarge superficial static speckle would extremely limit its contrast and resolution. Here, we systematically investigated the capability of transmissive-detected LSCI (TR-LSCI) for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we theoretically compared the performance of transmissive and reflective detection. It was found that the reflective-detected mode was better when the target layer was at the very surface, but the imaging quality would rapidly decrease with imaging depth, while the transmissive-detected mode could obtain a much stronger signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for thick tissue. We further proved by tissue phantom, animal, and human experiments that in a certain thickness of tissue, TR-LSCI showed remarkably better performance for thick-tissue imaging, and the imaging quality would be further improved if the use of longer wavelengths of near-infrared light. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that TR-LSCI is capable of obtaining thick-tissue blood flow information and holds great potential in the field of microcirculation research.
Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 triggers myeloid differentiation by targeting GSE1 oncogenic functions in AML
Authors: Nicosia Luciano , Boffo Francesca Ludovica , Ceccacci Elena , Conforti Fabio , Pallavicini Isabella , Bedin Fabio , Ravasio Roberto , Massignani Enrico , Somervaille Tim C. P. , Minucci Saverio , Bonaldi Tiziana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe histone demethylase LSD1 is over-expressed in hematological tumors and has emerged as a promising target for anticancer treatment, so that several LSD1 inhibitors are under development and testing, in preclinical and clinical settings. However, the complete understanding of their complex mechanism of action is still unreached. Here, we unraveled a novel mode of action of the LSD1 inhibitors MC2580 and DDP-38003, showing that they can induce differentiation of AML cells through the downregulation of the chromatin protein GSE1. Analysis of the phenotypic effects of GSE1 depletion in NB4 cells showed a strong decrease of cell viability in vitro and of tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that a set of genes associated with immune response and cytokine-signaling pathways are upregulated by LSD1 inhibitors through GSE1-protein reduction and that LSD1 and GSE1 colocalize at promoters of a subset of these genes at the basal state, enforcing their transcriptional silencing. Moreover, we show that LSD1 inhibitors lead to the reduced binding of GSE1 to these promoters, activating transcriptional programs that trigger myeloid differentiation. Our study offers new insights into GSE1 as a novel therapeutic target for AML.