bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evaluation of Hydraulic Needle Delivery System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Prostate Biopsy Procedures
Authors: Mahcicek Davut Ibrahim , Yildirim Korel D. , Kasaci Gokce , Kocaturk Ozgur 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In clinical routine, the prostate biopsy procedure is performed with the guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging to diagnose prostate cancer. However, the TRUS-guided prostate biopsy brings reliability concerns due to the lack of contrast difference between prostate tissue and lesions. In this study, a novel hydraulic needle delivery system that is designed for performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsy procedure with transperineal approach is introduced. The feasibility of the overall system was evaluated through in vitro phantom experiments under an MRI guidance. The in vitro experiments performed using a certified prostate phantom (incorporating MRI visible lesions). MRI experiments showed that overall hydraulic biopsy needle delivery system has excellent MRI compatibility (signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss &lt; 3%), provides acceptable targeting accuracy (average 2.05±0.46 mm) and procedure time (average 40 min).
Neutronic and Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Schemes for Heat Pipe-Cooled Reactor Designs
Authors: Ma Yugao , Liu Minyun , Xie Biheng , Han Wenbin , Chai Xiaoming , Huang Shanfang , Yu Hongxing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Space fission power systems can enable ambitious solar-system and deep-space science missions. The heat pipe-cooled reactor is one of the most potential candidates for near-term space power supply, featuring safety, simplicity, reliability, and modularity. Heat pipe-cooled reactors are solid-state and high-temperature (up to 1500 K) reactors, where the thermal expansion is remarkable and the mechanical response significantly influences the neutronics and thermal analyses. Due to the considerable difference between heat pipe-cooled reactors and traditional water reactors in the structure and design concept, the coupling solutions for light water reactors cannot be directly applied to heat pipe-cooled reactor analyses. Therefore, a new coupling framework and program need to consider the coupling effects among neutronics, heat transfer, and mechanics. Based on the Monte Carlo program rmc and commercial finite element program ansysmechanicalansys parametric design language (APDL), this work introduces the three coupling fields of neutronics (N), thermal (T), and mechanics (M) for heat pipe cooled reactors. Besides, the finite element method and the Monte Carlo program use different meshes and geometry construction methods. Therefore, the spatial mapping and geometry reconstruction are also essential for the N/T-M coupling, which is discussed and established in detail. Furthermore, the N/T-M coupling methods are applied to the preliminary self-designed 10 kWel space heat pipe cooled reactor. Coupling shows that the thermal-mechanical feedback in the solid-state reactor has negative reactivity feedback (about −2000 pcm) while it has a deterioration in heat transfer due to the expansion in the gas gap.
serpent 2 Validation for Radiation Shielding Applications
Authors: Häkkinen Silja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper contributes to the validation of serpent's photon transport and coupled neutron–photon transport routines. Two benchmarks presenting measurements of neutron and photon flux through different sized iron and lead spheres have been calculated using a development version of serpent and mcnp6.2. The serpent results were compared to the measurement results and the mcnp6.2 calculations. Additionally, the development version has been compared to the currently distributed serpent version 2.1.31. In all cases, the serpent calculated neutron and photon spectra followed the measured spectra fairly well. For the iron spheres, differences between serpent and mcnp6.2 calculated neutron spectra were mostly below 2% at neutron energies below 4 MeV. Differences between photon spectra through the iron spheres were mostly below 3%. For the lead spheres, differences in the calculated neutron spectra were mostly below 1.5% in the energy range 0.04–4.0 MeV. Differences between photon spectra through the 10 cm lead sphere were mostly below 5% and for the larger spheres below 10% except at higher photon energies above 6.5 MeV. Differences between the development version and the serpent version 2.1.31 of the order of 3% were observed in the photon spectra through the largest lead spheres with radius 20 and 30 cm when Gaussian Energy Broadening was not applied. These are probably related to the coupled neutron-photon transport routines in the different versions.
Thermodynamic Investigation on the Performance of Closed Wet Cooling Tower
Authors: Fang Jiamei , Zhao Xuhui , Zhang Lin , Bu Shi , Yu Zhikang , Xu Weigang , Hu Yiyang , Shan Yanfei , Li Yong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Closed wet cooling tower (CWCT) is an indirect-contact evaporative cooler, in which ambient air, spray water, and process water function together. In order to improve its thermal performance, a new heat transfer strategy is proposed. The influence of fan frequency, spray density, and processing water flow on the thermal performance of CWCT is obtained by combining theoretical and experimental research. By fitting the experimental data, the empirical formula of heat and mass transfer coefficient is obtained. The research results can be used to improve the cooling efficiency and enhance the heat and mass transfer of CWCT.
Experimental Study of Nanoscale Head-Disk Heat Transfer In Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording
Authors: Cheng Qilong , Bogy David B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To study the nanoscale heat transfer and laser-related protrusions in heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), we performed static touchdown experiments between HAMR waveguide heads and non-rotating media such as a silicon wafer and a recording disk with an AlMg substrate. During the static touchdown, the laser element is energized with DC current and the embedded contact sensor (ECS) is used to monitor the head temperature. The experimental results show that the thermal fly-height control (TFC) touchdown power decreases with increasing laser current. Meanwhile, the head temperature increases due to the laser heating. From this the ECS resistance rise induced by the laser is extracted. The results show that the silicon wafer dissipates heat effectively under the laser exposure, while the AlMg-substrate disk undergoes a higher temperature rise, which in turn heats the head.
Control of Head Smear Generated From DLC Films Using an External Electric Field
Authors: Tani Hiroshi , Lu Renguo , Koganezawa Shinji , Tagawa Norio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, the dependence of the electric field between the magnetic disk and Si wafer, used as the counter surface, on the hydrocarbon smear generated from the diamond-like carbon (DLC) overcoat was investigated. As a result, the positive electric field from the disk to the Si wafer increased the amount of smear, and the negative field reduced it. The positive electric field was estimated to extract hydrocarbon ions from the thermal plasma toward the Si wafer, and the opposite field attracts the hydrocarbon ions to the DLC surface. Therefore, the electric field between the slider and disk possibly controls the smear generation from the DLC overcoat, which is heated by laser irradiation in the heat-assisted magnetic recording).
Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for Transportation Infrastructure Using Vehicle-Tread Force
Authors: Koganezawa Shinji , Morii Kota , Tani Hiroshi , Lu Renguo , Tagawa Norio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel electromagnetic energy-harvesting device (EHD) for structural health monitoring systems of transportation infrastructures. The EHD is embedded in the road surface and uses the tread force of cars as the input force when tires of cars pass over it. Because the input force is very fast, the proposed EHD can generate a large amount of energy. The footprint of the device is 20 × 20 mm, its height is 7.5 mm, and its volume is 2.4 cm3. We measured the energy generated when a bicycle passed over the EHD 34 times at various speeds between 5 and 15 km/h. Subsequently, we obtained the regression curve from the results, which showed the relationship between the bicycle speed and generated energy, and estimated the electric energy generated by car at higher speeds. The results showed that, even though the size of the EHD was small, electric energies of 100 μJ, and 1.0 mJ could be generated at car speeds of 17 km/h, and 52 km/h, respectively.
Modeling 3D Convolution Architecture for Actions Recognition
Authors: Radulescu Bogdan Alexandru , Radulescu Victorita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Action recognition infrastructure can be applied anywhere behavior analysis is required and represents presently a domain of maximum actuality in security and surveillance. The model based on 3D Convolutions is a middle ground between simple key-frame approaches based on 2D convolutions, and other more complex approaches based on Recurrent Neural Networks. Behavior analysis represents a domain greatly improved by action recognition. By placing human actions in different categories it is possible to extract statistics regarding a person’s behavior, characteristics, abilities and preferences which can be processed later by specialized personnel, depending on the selected domain. The proposed model follows simple 3D convolution architecture. Hidden layers are composed of a convolution operation, an activation function and, sometimes, a pooling layer. Leaky ReLU was used as activation function to alleviate the problem of vanishing gradients. Batch Normalization is a technique used for scaling and adjusting the output of an activation layer, and it has been used to reduce over-fitting and decrease the training time. The 3D Convolution structure has the advantage of learning spatio-temporal features, because the convolution is applied over a sequence of frames. In the present paper is presented a proposed 3D convolution model that has average results, with an accuracy of approximately 55% on the NTU RGB+D dataset.
Evaluation of Mechanical Reliability of Micro Bump in Semiconductors Through a Shear Test
Authors: Cho Y. J. , Han M. B. , Bae J. S. , Choi I. J. , Choi D. S. , Noh H. G. , Yoo S. J. , Jang G. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Micro bump in semiconductor devices is an element to connect silicon dies with through-silicon via to be stacked on each other. The failure of these micro bumps is directly related to the reliability of semiconductors. Of the various mechanical tests, a shear test is commonly used to evaluate mechanical reliability because it provides relatively simple and reliable evaluation data. This paper investigated the failure modes of micro bump due to the structure of micro bumps and tip speed through finite element analysis and shear test. A shear test was conducted for four structures of micro bumps with the radius of 25 μm using a Dage4000+ bond tester under two tip speeds. A finite element model representing the shear test was developed by ANSYS and the analysis was conducted under the same conditions as the experiment. It shows that tungsten via are effective in increasing shear strength of micro bump. Moreover, it also proposes a robust design to increase shear strength of a micro bump.
A New Low Power Photoplethysmography Signal Acquisition System For Mental Stress Estimation
Authors: Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study presents a new low power and robust reflectance type optical Photoplethysmography (PPG) acquisition system for the mental distress estimation. The front-end circuit is implemented in the integrated chip with chip area of 1200μm × 1200μm and fabricated via TSMC T18 process. The sensing range of the readout circuit is 20nA to 11μA, and the total power consumption of the readout system is 100μW. The total power consumption of the design chip including the OLED driver power is 1.64mW. The designed acquisition system is applied to the wrist artery of the two healthy patients when they are calculating the pictorial puzzles and when they are in relax state. The statistical deviation of the heart rate (HR) from the average HR is increased when subjects are in the stress. Also, the standard deviation of pulse rate variability (PRV), the dynamic range of pulse repetition time (PRT), and the standard deviation of PRV derivative show the increasing temporal value when subjects are in the stress.
Mineral Oil As an Alternative Cooling Method
Authors: Estejab Bahareh , Tobin John 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In an effort to increase the performance ceiling and reduce the size of modern personal computers especially gaming computers and consequently data centers and supercomputers, mineral oil is proposed as the working fluid to cool the system. Mineral oil operates as an avenue for transmission rather than a liquid heatsink for heat storage, which differentiates this project from traditional mineral oil systems. Using non-conductive liquid as cooling fluid brings many advantages due to its higher convective heat transfer coefficient, which leads to more compact computers, higher speed of data transition, more efficient processors, lower noise levels, and less upkeep costs with respect to data centers. Modeling and simulations are done in NX to gauge temperature expectations; which is the most important limitation when designing and testing a computer before construction. The temperature range was found to be 34°C–50°C in the motherboard and 45°C–67°C in the graphic card. Based on the modeling results, a prototype of the proposed computer is built and tested. Ultimately, this project is trying to open up an avenue through which processor design can be reconsidered.
Networking of Digital Twins in the Digital Factory for Single Part Manufacturing Simulation
Authors: Olbort Johannes , Kutscher Vladimir , Moser Maximilian , Anderl Reiner 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Organizing manufacturing in dynamic networks instead of inflexible production lines is one of the key aspects of Industry 4.0. This should serve to realize automation and effectiveness to a higher degree than previously achievable. For this modernization, Cyber-Physical Systems should be utilized, where a Digital Twin mirrors the behavior of its Physical Twin and makes the data during manufacturing externally available via communication interfaces. This Digital Twin should be an instantiation of a Digital Master, which must meet the requirements for communication in dynamically changing value-added networks. The networking capability of objects requires semantic information. This information is associated with rules for decision making within a value-added network. This paper addresses the need for research on how to add networking capabilities during the development of Digital Masters. With these added capabilities, the communication between Digital Masters and Twins in terms of a single part manufacturing simulation should be verifiable in a Digital Factory. For this purpose, the concept of this paper aims to outline guidelines on how to add networking capabilities to the single part, machines and other resources needed during manufacturing.
Scratch Detection on Hard Disk Drive Media to Reduce Head Disk Interaction and Prevent Data Loss
Authors: Venkatesh Karthik , Srivastava Abhishek , Rai Rahul , Knigge Bernhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Accurately detecting irregularities in the media — thermal asperities and delamination — and mapping them out from further usage is critical to prevent data loss and minimize head disk interaction (HDI). Defect growth is a common concern in hard disk drives (HDD) and the immediate vicinity of media defects are also mapped out to provide sufficient protection against defect growth. A class of media defects that prove more complex to protect against defect growth is scratches on the media. Margining a media scratch involves filling in the gaps between the components of a scratch and margining the vicinity of the scratch in the defect growth direction. While Hough transform based techniques and deeplearning models have been developed to identify media patterns, they cannot be implemented in the hard disk drive firmware due to memory and computational limitations. Here, we present a computationally simple and efficient alternative to identify scratches on the media by combining clustering and an iterative parameter estimation to fit a line to the scratch in noisy conditions. The result is a method that is capable of modeling linear, spiral and parabolic scratches on a media and fill gaps in the scratch and extend the margining at either end of the scratch.
Characterization of Electric Fields Generated by Electricidal Coatings for Biofilm-Resistant Catheters
Authors: Lindgren Luke , Simoes-torigoe Rafaela , Morris Karcher , Talke Frank E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are an endemic problem in the American medical system, causing nearly 32% of all hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) [1]. Novel antimicrobial coatings for catheters, consisting of metal powders (Ag/Ag2O) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have recently been developed to combat this problem [2,3]. The active ingredients in these coatings were modeled using simplified assumptions in both ANSYS Maxwell and Quantum Espresso to determine the electric field strength at various particle radii. SEM/EDX analysis of the Ag/Ag2O coating was also performed to simulate the particles in ANSYS and provide comparison between idealized models and actual particle geometries.
Development of Algorithms for Performance Index-Based Actuator Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control of Autonomous Vehicle With Adaptive Feedback
Authors: Oh Se-Chan , Oh Kwang-Seok , Lee Jong-Min , Yi Kyong-Su 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study proposes algorithms for performance index-based actuator fault detection and fault-tolerant control with adaptive feedback. Longitudinal control algorithm of autonomous vehicles is generally divided into three main parts such as supervisory, upper level, and lower level controllers. In the supervisory controller part, desired behavior is determined based on control targets. Therefore, desired vehicle motion such as longitudinal acceleration can be designed in the upper level controller part using various control methods. In the lower level controller part, actuator control input is determined for tracking the desired vehicle motion designed in the upper level controller part. In order for fault detection and fault-tolerant control of actuators used for longitudinal autonomous driving, adaptive feedback controller has been designed with the MIT rule for determination of the desired longitudinal acceleration and the control input has been compared with the actual acceleration for performance index-based fault detection. It is designed that the adaptive feedback controller adjust the desired acceleration for making reasonable desired behavior despite of existence of actuator fault or performance degradation. The window-based weighted standard deviation of error between the adaptive desired longitudinal acceleration and current acceleration of vehicle has been used for computation of performance index. Performance evaluation has been conducted using Matlab/Simulink and commercial software (CarMaker).
Computational and Experimental Investigation of Contact Detect Response of a Head-Integrated Thermistor on HAMR vs. PMR Media
Authors: Anaya-Dufresne Manuel C. , Li Yixuan , Murthy Peri M. D. , Kiely James , Johnson Michael T. , Bodurtha Kent , Carper Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The migration from perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) to heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) in the hard disc drive (HDD) industry brings unique challenges for head-disc contact detection (CD) and with precisely setting head-disc clearance. In this study we provide numerical model calculations of a head-integrated thermistor’s electric resistance as a function of head-disc clearance and compare the modeled results with measurements of thermistor resistance for heads flying over PMR and HAMR media. Such comparisons serve to assess the accuracy of the modeling techniques and to understand the impact that the media type plays in CD capability of the head-integrated thermistor.
Mass drug administration campaigns for scabies and impetigo: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghosh Pousali , Tesfaye Wubshet , Manandhar Avilasha , Calma Thomas , Bushell Mary , Oguoma Victor M , Kosari Sam , McMillan Faye , Peterson Greg , Thomas Jackson 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionScabies is recognised as a neglected tropical disease, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable populations around the world. Impetigo often occurs secondarily to scabies. Several studies have explored mass drug administration (MDA) programmes, with some showing positive outcomes—but a systematic evaluation of such studies is yet to be reported. The main aim of this systematic review is to generate comprehensive evidence on the effect and feasibility of MDA programmes in reducing the burden of scabies and impetigo.Methods and analysisA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Electronic databases to be searched will include CINAHL EBSCOhost, Medline Ovid, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed and SCOPUS. In addition, grey literature will be explored via the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, OaIster database and WHO. No language restrictions will be applied. All treatment studies following an MDA protocol, including randomised/quasi-controlled trials, and prospective before–after interventional studies, will be considered. The main outcome is the change in prevalence of scabies and impetigo The Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment tool will be used for assessing the methodological quality of studies. A random-effect restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis will be performed to generate pooled effect (OR) using STATA V.16. Appropriate statistical tests will be carried out to quantify heterogeneity between studies and publication bias.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since data will be extracted from published works. The findings will be communicated to the scientific community through a peer-reviewed journal publication. This systematic review will present an evidence on the effect of MDA interventions on scabies and impetigo, which is instrumental to obtain a clear understanding of the treatments widely used in these programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169544,