bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-73 Neurocognitive Profiles in Patients Following Covid-19 Infection
Authors: Krishnan Kamini , Miller Ashley K , Jackson Aaron Bonner 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about neurocognitive function in patients with persisting cognitive complaints following Covid-19 infection. Initial studies, utilizing cognitive screening measures or case reports, suggest presence of deficits in attention and executive function. This study investigated cognitive functioning among individuals with Covid-19 infection.

Methods
The sample included 20 individuals referred to an outpatient Covid-19 recovery clinic at the Cleveland Clinic. At the time of Covid-19 diagnosis, 45% required hospitalization, 15% were in an intensive care unit, 10% needed mechanical ventilation, and 10% had delirium. Patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation on average 157 days after a Covid-19 positive PCR test.

Results
This sample (n = 20) was predominately female (85%), White non-Hispanic (70%), with a mean education of 15 years. For the majority of patients, neurocognitive test results were interpreted as within expectation compared to normative samples. Cognitive deficits, when present, were largely seen on isolated tests involving attention or executive function. Seventy percent of patients were treated for a mood disorder prior to Covid-19. At the time of testing, 45% of the sample endorsed moderate to severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety and 92% noted significant fatigue as measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale.

Conclusions
Cognitive deficits, when observed, are consistent with prior research. These findings suggest that in patients with similar presentations, psychological implications of Covid-19 and other persisting symptoms (e.g., fatigue) may play a significant role in subjective cognitive complaints. These patients would likely benefit from resources to manage persisting or new mood symptoms and compensatory strategies for cognitive inefficiencies they experience.
A-81 Neuropsychological Profile of Child with Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Type 29
Authors: John Prescilla D , Weiss Erica F , Bronshteyn Diana , Masur David M , McGinley John J , Facchini Ronda F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
Spinocerebellar ataxia 29 (SCA29) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder resulting in infantile-onset hypertonia, gross motor delay and cognitive impairment. SCA29 causes cerebellar dysfunction and atrophy manifested by poor hand coordination, instability of gait, impaired articulation, poor hand-eye coordination, language delay, and a wide legged, unsteady walk. Slow improvement across childhood is common, but the limited available research suggests significant clinical heterogeneity among individuals diagnosed with SCA29. We report the case of a six-year-old first grade girl to highlight the cognitive profile of SCA29 and determine its consistency with the literature.

Methods
Full neuropsychological evaluation was conducted, including examination of overall cognitive ability, academic achievement, and behavior.

Results
The patient demonstrated delayed cognitive and motor skills, slow processing, reduced reading fluency, and weak reading comprehension. Impaired verbal comprehension and limited fund of knowledge was seen. Working memory and visual spatial ability were relative individual strengths, though normatively weak. Untimed and non-motor academic skills were well below peers. Performances met criteria for ADHD and Language Disorder.

Conclusion
Six-year-old girl with SCA29 with expected motor difficulties including gross motor delay, hypotonia, ataxia, poor ocular fixation evidenced global impairments with expected weakness with verbal comprehension and receptive language skills. This is consistent with the findings in the SCA29 literature. Comorbid diagnoses of ADHD and Language Disorder were present. Given clinical heterogeneity, this case serves to expand existing knowledge on case variability, and adds the consideration of wider comorbidities in this rare condition.
Body Image Concerns and Associated Impairment Among Adults Seeking Body Contouring Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bennett Brooke L , Grilo Carlos M , Alperovich Michael , Ivezaj Valentina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The current study examined a range of body image concerns and associated distress and impairment in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and are seeking subsequent body contouring surgery.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the hypotheses that individuals seeking body contouring endorse a broad pattern of body image concerns and that overall body image concern is associated with greater impairment and disability.

Methods
The participants were 56 adults seeking body contouring surgery after bariatric surgery. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire designed for the present study to assess body image concerns specific to patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and a battery of established measures of disability, impairment, and eating-disorder psychopathology.

Results
The most commonly endorsed concerns were related to loose skin (body dissatisfaction, feeling embarrassed in public, and skin rashes) whereas the least endorsed items included concerns related to scars from bariatric surgery (body dissatisfaction, avoidance of social situations, and difficulty concentrating). Participants endorsed a broad pattern of frequent distress and impairment related to physical body image changes post–bariatric surgery. Greater body image concerns were associated significantly with higher levels of disability, work-related impairment, and eating-disorder psychopathology.

Conclusions
Patients seeking body contouring surgery reported a range of body image concerns with significant associated distress, disability, and impairment related to physical changes post–bariatric surgery. The present findings underscore that although bariatric surgery is effective for reducing weight and metabolic disturbances, additional interventions for addressing body image concerns that are frequently distressing and impairing may be needed.
Spatial and Genomic Data to Characterize Endemic Typhoid Transmission
Authors: Gauld Jillian S , Olgemoeller Franziska , Heinz Eva , Nkhata Rose , Bilima Sithembile , Wailan Alexander M , Kennedy Neil , Mallewa Jane , Gordon Melita A , Read Jonathan M , Heyderman Robert S , Thomson Nicholas R , Diggle Peter J , Feasey Nicholas A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Diverse environmental exposures and risk factors have been implicated in the transmission of Salmonella Typhi, but the dominant transmission pathways through the environment to susceptible humans remain unknown. Here, we use spatial, bacterial genomic, and hydrological data to refine our view of typhoid transmission in an endemic setting.

Methods
A total of 546 patients presenting to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, with blood culture–confirmed typhoid fever between April 2015 and January 2017 were recruited to a cohort study. The households of a subset of these patients were geolocated, and 256 S. Typhi isolates were whole-genome sequenced. Pairwise single-nucleotide variant distances were incorporated into a geostatistical modeling framework using multidimensional scaling.

Results
Typhoid fever was not evenly distributed across Blantyre, with estimated minimum incidence ranging across the city from &lt;15 to &gt;100 cases per 100 000 population per year. Pairwise single-nucleotide variant distance and physical household distances were significantly correlated (P = .001). We evaluated the ability of river catchment to explain the spatial patterns of genomics observed, finding that it significantly improved the fit of the model (P = .003). We also found spatial correlation at a smaller spatial scale, of households living &lt;192 m apart.

Conclusions
These findings reinforce the emerging view that hydrological systems play a key role in the transmission of typhoid fever. By combining genomic and spatial data, we show how multifaceted data can be used to identify high incidence areas, explain the connections between them, and inform targeted environmental surveillance, all of which will be critical to shape local and regional typhoid control strategies.
Ambulatory monitoring promises equitable personalized healthcare delivery in underrepresented patients
Authors: Kulkarni Kanchan , Sevakula Rahul Kumar , Kassab Mohamad B , Nichols John , Roberts Jesse D. , Isselbacher Eric M , Armoundas Antonis A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The pandemic has brought to everybody’s attention the apparent need of remote monitoring, highlighting hitherto unseen challenges in healthcare. Today, mobile monitoring and real-time data collection, processing and decision-making, can drastically improve the cardiorespiratory–haemodynamic health diagnosis and care, not only in the rural communities, but urban ones with limited healthcare access as well. Disparities in socioeconomic status and geographic variances resulting in regional inequity in access to healthcare delivery, and significant differences in mortality rates between rural and urban communities have been a growing concern. Evolution of wireless devices and smartphones has initiated a new era in medicine. Mobile health technologies have a promising role in equitable delivery of personalized medicine and are becoming essential components in the delivery of healthcare to patients with limited access to in-hospital services. Yet, the utility of portable health monitoring devices has been suboptimal due to the lack of user-friendly and computationally efficient physiological data collection and analysis platforms. We present a comprehensive review of the current cardiac, pulmonary, and haemodynamic telemonitoring technologies. We also propose a novel low-cost smartphone-based system capable of providing complete cardiorespiratory assessment using a single platform for arrhythmia prediction along with detection of underlying ischaemia and sleep apnoea; we believe this system holds significant potential in aiding the diagnosis and treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases, particularly in underserved populations.
Direct proof of the amyloid nature of yeast prions [PSI+] and [PIN+] by the method of immunoprecipitation of native fibrils
Authors: Sergeeva Aleksandra V , Belashova Tatyana A , Bondarev Stanislav A , Velizhanina Marya E , Barbitoff Yury A , Matveenko Andrew G , Valina Anna A , Simanova Angelina L , Zhouravleva Galina A , Galkin Alexey P 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Prions are proteins that can exist in several structurally and functionally distinct states, one or more of which is transmissible. Yeast proteins Sup35 and Rnq1 in prion state ([PSI+] and [PIN+], respectively) form oligomers and aggregates, which are transmitted from parents to offspring in a series of generations. Several pieces of indirect evidence indicate that these aggregates also possess amyloid properties, but their binding to amyloid-specific dyes has not been shown in vivo. Meanwhile, it is the specific binding to the Congo Red dye and birefringence in polarized light after such staining that is considered the gold standard for proving the amyloid properties of a protein. Here, we used immunoprecipitation to extract native fibrils of the Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins from yeast strains with different prion status. These fibrils are detected by electron microscopy, stained with Congo Red and exhibit yellow-green birefringence after such staining. All these data show that the Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins in prion state form amyloid fibrils in vivo. The technology of fibrils extraction in combination with standard cytological methods can be used to identify new pathological and functional amyloids in any organism and to analyze the structural features of native amyloid fibrils.
Adherence to National Guidelines on Cervical Screening: A Population-Based Evaluation From a Statewide Registry
Authors: Castle Philip E , Kinney Walter K , Chen Lu , Kim Jane J , Jenison Steven , Rossi Giovanna , Kang Huining , Cuzick Jack , Wheeler Cosette M ,   the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry Steering Committee,   New Mexico HPV Pap Registry Steering Committee Collaborators, Joste Nancy E Walter , Kinney Cosette M , Wheeler Charles L , Wiggins Michael , Robertson Ruth M , McDonald Alan , Waxman Steven , Jenison Jean , Howe Debbie , Saslow Jane J , Kim Mark H , Stoler Jack , Cuzick Philip E , Castle Rebecca B , Perkins Janice L , Gonzales Salina , Torres Giovanna , Rossi Kevin , English  
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2012, national recommendations for cervical cancer screening of women aged 30-64 years were quinquennial human papillomavirus and cytology cotesting or triennial cytology. Data from a statewide surveillance program in New Mexico demonstrated 65.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 64.6% to 65.7%) of women screened in 2019 had a negative cotest within the last 3 years. Percentages of women screened in 2013, 2016, and 2019 with a prior negative cotest more than 5 years and up to 7 years ago were 2.6% (95% CI = 2.2% to 2.9%), 2.1% (95% CI = 1.9% to 2.2%), and 6.5% (95% CI = 6.2% to 6.8%), respectively (2-sided Ptrend &lt; .001). Percentages of women screened in 2013, 2016, and 2019 with a prior negative cytology more than 5 years and up to 7 years ago were 3.8% (95% CI = 3.7% to 3.9%), 9.0% (95% CI = 8.7% to 9.3%), and 14.9% (95% CI = 14.4% to 15.4%), respectively (2-sided Ptrend &lt; .001). Thus, in 2019, only 12.7% (95% CI = 12.4% to 13.1%) of the 30 215 women aged 30-64 years underwent cotesting and 27.7% (95% CI = 27.1% to 28.3%) of the 18 733 underwent cytology at the recommended interval. The observed under- and overscreening could result in increases in cervical cancer incidence and harms and costs, respectively.
Convergent Phenotypic Evolution of Rhodopsin for Dim-Light Sensing across Deep-Diving Vertebrates
Authors: Xia Yu , Cui Yimeng , Wang Aishan , Liu Fangnan , Chi Hai , Potter Joshua H T , Williamson Joseph , Chen Xiaolan , Rossiter Stephen J , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rhodopsin comprises an opsin attached to a retinal chromophore and is the only visual pigment conferring dim-light vision in vertebrates. On activation by photons, the retinal group becomes detached from the opsin, which is then inactive until it is recharged. Of all vertebrate species, those that dive face unique visual challenges, experiencing rapid decreases in light level and hunting in near darkness. Here, we combine sequence analyses with functional assays to show that the rhodopsin pigments of four divergent lineages of deep-diving vertebrates have undergone convergent increases in their retinal release rate. We compare gene sequences and detect parallel amino acids between penguins and diving mammals and perform mutagenesis to show that a single critical residue fully explains the observed increases in retinal release rate in both the emperor penguin and beaked whale. At the same time, we find that other shared sites have no significant effect on retinal release, implying that convergence does not always signify adaptive significance. We propose that accelerated retinal release confers rapid rhodopsin recharging, enabling the visual systems of diving species to adjust quickly to changing light levels as they descend through the water column. This contrasts with nocturnal species, where adaptation to darkness has been attributed to slower retinal release rates.
What matters for people with brain cancer? Selecting clinical quality indicators for an Australian Brain Cancer Registry
Authors: Matsuyama Misa , Sachchithananthan Mythily , Leonard Robyn , Besser Michael , Nowak Anna K , Truran Donna , Vajdic Claire M , Zalcberg John R , Gan Hui K , Gedye Craig , Varikatt Winny , Koh Eng-Siew , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Sim Hao-Wen , Gottardo Nicholas G , Spyridopoulos Desma , Jeffree Rosalind L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The goal of a clinical quality registry is to deliver immediate gains in survival and quality of life by delivering timely feedback to practitioners, thereby ensuring every patient receives the best existing treatment. We are developing an Australian Brain Cancer Registry (ABCR) to identify, describe, and measure the impact of the variation and gaps in brain cancer care from the time of diagnosis to the end of life.

Methods
To determine a set of clinical quality indicators (CQIs) for the ABCR, a database and internet search were used to identify relevant guidelines, which were then assessed for quality using the AGREE II Global Rating Scale. Potential indicators were extracted from 21 clinical guidelines, ranked using a modified Delphi process completed in 2 rounds by a panel of experts and other stakeholders, and refined by a multidisciplinary Working Group.

Results
Nineteen key quality reporting domains were chosen, specified by 57 CQIs detailing the specific inclusion and outcome characteristics to be reported.

Conclusion
The selected CQIs will form the basis for the ABCR, provide a framework for achievable data collection, and specify best practices for patients and health care providers, with a view to improving care for brain cancer patients. To our knowledge, the systematic and comprehensive approach we have taken is a world first in selecting the reporting specifications for a brain cancer clinical registry.
Sex and Gender Differences in Testing, Hospital Admission, Clinical Presentation, and Drivers of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19
Authors: Scully Eileen P , Schumock Grant , Fu Martina , Massaccesi Guido , Muschelli John , Betz Joshua , Klein Eili Y , West Natalie E , Robinson Matthew , Garibaldi Brian T , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Zeger Scott , Klein Sabra L , Gupta Amita 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Males experience increased severity of illness and mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with females, but the mechanisms of male susceptibility are unclear.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of SARS-CoV-2 testing and admission data at 5 hospitals in the Maryland/Washington DC area. Using age-stratified logistic regression models, we quantified the impact of male sex on the risk of the composite outcome of severe disease or death (World Health Organization score 5–8) and tested the impact of demographics, comorbidities, health behaviors, and laboratory inflammatory markers on the sex effect.

Results
Among 213 175 SARS-CoV-2 tests, despite similar positivity rates, males in age strata between 18 and 74 years were more frequently hospitalized. For the 2626 hospitalized individuals, clinical inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, ferritin, absolute lymphocyte count, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio) were more favorable for females than males (P &lt; .001). Among 18–49-year-olds, male sex carried a higher risk of severe outcomes, both early (odds ratio [OR], 3.01; 95% CI, 1.75 to 5.18) and at peak illness during hospitalization (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.78 to 3.74). Despite multiple differences in demographics, presentation features, comorbidities, and health behaviors, these variables did not change the association of male sex with severe disease. Only clinical inflammatory marker values modified the sex effect, reducing the OR for severe outcomes in males aged 18–49 years to 1.81 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.26) early and 1.39 (95% CI, 0.93 to 2.08) at peak illness.

Conclusions
Higher inflammatory laboratory test values were associated with increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 for males. A sex-specific inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may underlie the sex differences in outcomes.
Light-Response Bric-A-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad proteins mediate cryptochrome 2 degradation in response to low ambient temperature
Authors: Ma Libang , Li Xu , Zhao Zhiwei , Hao Yuhao , Shang Ruixin , Zeng Desheng , Liu Hongtao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryptochromes (crys) are photolyase-like blue-light receptors first discovered in Arabidopsis thaliana and later identified in all major evolutionary lineages. Crys are involved in not only blue light responses but also in temperature responses; however, whether and how cry protein stability is regulated by temperature remains unknown. Here, we show that cry2 protein abundance is modulated by ambient temperature and cry2 protein is degraded under low ambient temperature via the 26S proteasome. Consistent with this, cry2 shows high levels of ubiquitination under low ambient temperatures. Interestingly, cry2 degradation at low ambient temperatures occurs only under blue light and not under red light or dark conditions, indicating blue-light-dependent degradation of cry2 at low ambient temperature. Furthermore, low ambient temperature promotes physical interaction of Light-Response Bric-a-Brack/Tramtrack/Broad (LRB) proteins with cry2 to modulate its ubiquitination and protein stability in response to ambient temperature. LRBs promote high-temperature-induced hypocotyl elongation by modulating the protein stability of cry2 protein. These results indicate that cry2 accumulation is regulated by not only blue light but also ambient temperature, and LRBs are responsible for cry2 degradation at low ambient temperature. The stabilization of cry2 by high temperature makes cry2 a better negative regulator of temperature responses.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials of Neuraxial, Intravenous, and Inhalational Anesthesia for External Cephalic Version
Authors: Hao Q. , Hu Y. , Zhang L. , Ross J. , Robishaw S. , Noble C. , Wu X. , Zhang X. 
Published: August 2021

(Anesth Analg. 2020;131:1800–1811)
External cephalic version (ECV) is a procedure used on parturient women at term during vaginal delivery of noncephalic fetal presentation. Data suggests that successful ECV at term decreases the rate of cesarean delivery and overall financial cost without increasing neonatal complications. While several interventions have been shown to increase the efficacy of ECV, there is no consensus regarding anesthetic care in association to ECV. This study aims to analyze data to compare maternal and fetal outcomes of ECV techniques (with and without inhalational, neuraxial, and intravenous anesthesia) and the association with cesarean delivery rates.
Carbetocin Compared With Oxytocin in Nonelective Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized-controlled Trials
Authors: Onwochei D.N. , Owolabi A. , Singh P.M. , Monks D.T. 
Published: August 2021

(Can J Anesth. 2020;67:1524–1534)
Uterotonic agents, such as oxytocin and carbetocin, are used in the management of uterine atony, a major cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). While oxytocin and carbetocin both have fast onset of action, oxytocin has a short duration of action, requiring immediate intravenous (IV) infusion during the perioperative period. In contrast, carbetocin has a longer duration with effects lasting for 60 minutes after onset. Previous literature suggests that carbetocin may be as effective as oxytocin, and a recent study showed that the need for additional uterotonics was reduced by 53% with carbetocin versus oxytocin for elective cesarean delivery (CD). However, it remains unclear how these 2 uterotonics compare in pregnant women undergoing nonelective CD. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of carbetocin with oxytocin in women undergoing nonelective CD.