bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gripp‐Heel and the Antiviral Host‐Cell Responses against Adenovirus
Authors: Moyler Candace , Wolf Dana W. , Oberbaum M. , Dorozko M. , Ives John A. , Muhie Seid , Miller Stacy A. , Jonas Wayne B. , Jett Marti , Hammamieh Rasha 
Published: June 2021

Adenoviruses cause respiratory and ocular infections as well as pneumonia outbreaks in military recruits. The adenoviral infection is known to trigger a vigorous host innate response with the induction of acute inflammation, possibly playing a role in antiviral defense, but also contributes to the pathogenesis and clinical severity of invasive adenoviral infections. The cellular innate response signaling cascades and inflammatory cytokines production is induced early upon viral entry, by activation of innate danger‐sensing cellular receptors, including Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), Nod‐like receptors, and RIG‐like receptors (RLRs). Although the signals for the proinflammatory effector molecule production remain mostly unknown, one of the key components of the innate immune response are shown to be induced by adenovirus is the NLRP3 inflammasome. To date, cidofovir is the only antiviral drug employed for the treatment of severe adenovirus infection; however its use is limited by toxicity, low oral bioavailability, and variable efficacy. In this study we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of Gripp‐Heel against adenovirus, and further analyzed the effect of Gripp‐Heel on cellular gene transcription in an attempt to address its mechanism of action and impact on the host response.The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless designated by other official documentation
Ivabradine but not metoprolol preserves ex vivo function and glycolysis of working dyslipidemic mouse hearts without activation of stress signaling pathways
Authors: Vaillant Fanny , Lauzier Benjamin , Lachance Dominic , Rivard Marie‐Eve , Frayne Isabelle Robillard , Bolduc Virgine , Thorin Eric , Tardif Jean Claude , Rosiers Christine Des 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveElevated heart rate (HR) increases the risk for severe complications in patients with coronary heart diseases. This study aimed at testing the functional and metabolic impact of chronic HR reduction (HRR) induced by the selective inhibitor of the pacemaker If current ivabradine (IVA) in comparison to the commonly used β‐blocker metoprolol (MET) in a dyslipidemic mouse model.MethodsWe assessed i) the functional and metabolic phenotype of dyslipidemic mouse hearts (ATX: hApoB+/+ LDLR−/−) perfused ex vivo in working mode, and ii) activity of nutrient signaling pathways in non‐perfused hearts, at 3 and 6 months either untreated or treated for 3 months with IVA or MET (10% HRR in vivo).ResultsCompared to their 3‐month‐old counterparts, 6‐month‐old ATX hearts displayed i) similar HR but decreased values (p<0.05) for cardiac output (25%) and power (22%), stroke volume (30%) and glycolysis (29%) when perfused ex vivo, and ii) exacerbated activation of energy and stress signaling pathways related to Akt, AMP kinase and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. All these alterations, except Akt, were attenuated by IVA (p<0.05) but tended to be exacerbated by MET.ConclusionIn vivo chronic HRR induced by IVA but not MET limits alterations of ex vivo cardiac function and glycolysis, as well as of in vivo exacerbated activation of energy and stress signaling pathways associated with disease progression in ATX mouse.
Diet quality tracking from preschool to school age in Brazilian children
Authors: Rauber Fernanda , Hoffman Daniel , Vitolo Marcia 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine changes in diet quality in children from 3 to 8 years of age.MethodsTwo 24‐hour dietary recalls were collected when the children were 3 to 4 years (n=345) and 7 to 8 years of age (n=307). Diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Analyses were performed by group, as all children had previously participated in a randomized trial, and using a paired t‐test.ResultsFor all children, 80% had a diet that needed improvement (HEI = 51–80) at each time point and 14% of children at 3 to 4 years and none at 7 to 8 years had a good diet (HEI = >;80). Diet quality decreased over time for both intervention (67.7±10.4 vs. 59.3±8.1) and control (64.2±11.5 vs. 58.4±7.2) groups. In both groups, the score of fruits, milk and sodium decreased, while the score of saturated fat and variety increased. In the intervention group, the percent change was highest for sodium (−94.1%), fruits (−40.9%), and saturated fat (29.5%), while in the control group, the percent change was highest for sodium (−93.4%), vegetables (44.4%), and saturated fat (38.2%).ConclusionIn the cohort studied, we found that the diet of children changed with a trend toward a lower diet quality. While the intake of some HEI components changed favorably, many dietary components were still below recommended levels.Support: CNPq and CAPES, Brazil (F.R. doctoral fellowship, proc. no. 9853–11‐1).
Feeding practices during pregnancy and lactation amongst Mam‐Mayan women in rural Guatemala: a mixed qualitative and quantitative evaluation
Authors: Russell Olivia , Bermudez Odilia I. , Chomat Anne Marie , Maldonado Alejandra , Garcia Rosario , Wren Hilary , Scott Marilyn E. , Koski Kristine G. , Solomons Noel W. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo explore local beliefs influencing feeding practices during pregnancy and lactation among Mam‐Mayan women in rural communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala.Methods12 pregnant (P), 13 lactating (L) women and 2 midwives participated in semi‐structured interviews. 2 focus groups were also conducted with women. All sessions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using HyperResearch. A separate survey of 61 P and 67 L women inquired about their food practices.FindingsMost P and L women recognize the importance of consuming nutrient‐rich foods so that they may be passed on to the growing infant. Many P women reported decreasing their food intake. 34% of P and 36% of L women reported avoiding certain foods during pregnancy, most commonly animal products (beef and poultry). A majority of L women reported increasing their intake during lactation, while 19% reported avoiding certain foods, especially “cold” foods such as black beans, believed to negatively impact infant health. On the other hand, a majority of L women believe that consuming “hot” foods, such as corn atole, improves milk quantity.ConclusionsIncreasing general dietary intake, especially protein intake during pregnancy is a key area for action. The hot/cold dichotomy is recognized within the study communities and may play a role in diet choices during pregnancy and lactation.Funding: TUSM
Food Package Labels (PL) Deceive Young Children
Authors: Heller Rebecca , Berhaupt‐Glickstein Amanda , Martin‐Biggers Jennifer , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol 
Published: June 2021

PLs of fruit‐flavored foods (e.g., candy, beverages) commonly display pictures of fruit and use fruit‐related words in their names, despite containing little or no real fruit. This study determined whether PL information (i.e., food names, artwork) caused children (4–7y; n=58; 52% male) to have false impressions of foods’ fruit content. Each child was individually shown PLs and asked, “Was fruit used to make this food?” This procedure was repeated for all PLs (n=16), which were sequenced randomly. The 2 groups of PLs were foods containing either 100% fruit (n=8) or artificial fruit‐flavors only (0% real fruit; n=8). Two PLs per group had a fruit‐related name, fruit‐related picture, fruit‐related name and picture, or neither a fruit‐related name nor picture. To control for familiarity, PLs were for foods unavailable in the geographical area. Children perceived a food contained fruit when the PL had a fruit‐related name, picture, or both regardless of its true fruit content. The accuracy with which they identified whether a food was made with fruit was significantly lower for foods containing only artificial fruit‐flavors when the PL had a fruit‐related name (p=0.046), picture (p<0.0001), or both (p<0.0001). Findings suggest that foods with 0% fruit with PLs with fruit‐related pictures and/or names deceive children with regard to the foods’ fruit content and, therefore, healthfulness.Grant Funding Source: New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station
Nutritional Status and Mental Development of Children Under 5 Years of Age in Amhara Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Husein , Marquis Grace S , Aboud Frances , Bougma Karim , Singla Daisy , Harding Kimberly B , Samuel Aregash 
Published: June 2021

Poor iodine nutrition is associated with impaired mental development. This study examined the relationship between indicators of malnutrition and child mental development in an iodine‐deficient region. 1553 children 54–60 mo of age were randomly selected from 60 villages in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Height, weight, goitre status, and socio‐demographic information of participants were taken in a cross‐sectional survey. Wechsler Preschool and Primary School Intelligence and School Readiness scales assessed child mental development. McGill University and local institutions provided ethics approval. Mean scores for family assets (4.3 out of 12), maternal education (0.5 y) and dietary diversity (2.2 out of 7) were low. There was a high prevalence of goitre, underweight, stunting, and wasting (45.9%, 28.9%, 42.6%, and 5.7%, respectively). The matrix reasoning, similarity, and school readiness scores (maximum 19 each) were 7.6, 9.2, and 4.0, respectively; weight‐for‐age (WAZ) and heightfor‐ age (HAZ) positively correlated with all three scores (r=0.13 to 0.20; p<0.0001). Child goitre was associated with matrix reasoning, school readiness, goitre in family, WAZ, and HAZ (r=0.1 to 0.38; p<0.01). Inadequate nutritional status and mental development of Ethiopian children are of public health concern and will affect later school performance.Grant Funding Source: Micronutrient Initiative, Canada
Iodine Deficiency and Child Development in Ethiopia
Authors: Bougma Karim , Marquis Grace S , Aboud Frances E , Frongillo Edward A , Singla Daisy , Harding Kimberly B , Lemma Tizita , Samuel Aregash , Serfu Dilnesaw 
Published: June 2021

Iodine deficiency is a contributing factor to delayed development. The effectiveness of iodized salt programs to eliminate this effect has not been studied in young children. 1726 infants 6 to 10 mo old were exhaustively sampled in 60 randomly selected villages in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Median urinary iodine excretion was low at 17.0 μg/L; 11 infants had a palpable goiter. 39% of households reported a member with a history of visible goiter. Goiter in the infant was negatively associated with the Bayley cognitive score. Education of household head and mother, home stimulation, and infant weight and length were positively associated with child cognitive, receptive and expressive language, and fine motor Bayley scores. Sanitation and hygiene composite variable was positively associated with receptive and expressive language, and fine motor scores. Correlations were significant (p<0.01) but only sanitation and hygiene and expressive language correlation reached a small effect size (r=0.1). Iodine deficiency is a public health issue and infant developmental outcomes were associated with stimulation, socioeconomic status, and anthropometry, and goiter. [Funded by Micronutrient Initiative, Canada]Grant Funding Source: Micronutrient Intiative
The cholesterol‐lowering drug, simvastatin, attenuates rhinovirus‐induced IP‐10 release from human monocytic cells
Authors: Wickert Lisa , Gern James , Audhya Anjon , Bertics Paul 
Published: June 2021

Statin drugs (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A [HMG‐CoA] reductase inhibitors) are the treatment of choice for dyslipidemia, and can also modulate immune cell function. Dyslipidemia and obesity are risk factors for asthma, a disorder of chronic airway inflammation. As such, there is evidence that statin drugs may have beneficial effects on asthma. To determine whether statin drugs modify antiviral responses of human monocytic cells, we treated human primary blood monocytes and bronchoalveolar macrophages with simvastatin prior to challenge with human rhinovirus (HRV), which commonly provokes acute asthma exacerbations. In both cell types, 24 h pretreatment with simvastatin resulted in a 60% attenuation of HRV‐induced release of the chemokine interferon‐inducible protein (IP)‐10 as measured by ELISA. The addition of mevalonate, the product of HMG‐CoA reductase, is able to fully rescue IP‐10 release. Simvastatin also reduced HRV‐induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)‐1, which is upstream of IP‐10 release, by 60% as detected by immunoblot. Our findings suggest that simvastatin blunts HRV‐induced chemokine secretion through inhibition of STAT signaling. In the context of asthma and dyslipidemia, statin drugs have the potential to curb the inflammatory response to HRV infection.Grant Funding Source: 5T32DK007665–20
Trends in fast foods and sugar‐sweetened beverages consumption in South Korea
Authors: Lim Hyunjung , Lee Hae‐Jeung , Choue Ryowon , Wang Youfa 
Published: June 2021

AimsTo examine the trends in fast‐foods (FF) and sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and its association with socioeconomic status (SES) using nationally representative data.MethodsData from the four Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007–2009 for 49 826 Korean aged ≥1 y were used. Logistic regression models tested the associations between SES, indicated by residence and family income levels, and FF and SSB, controlled for covariates. Complex sampling design was took into account.ResultsWesternized FF consumption has increased in boys, men, adults, and low‐income groups, and SSB consumption doubled over time (54.7g/day to 111.2g/day, p<0.05). However, Korean style FF decreased (p<0.05). The proportion consuming Westernized FF and SSB doubled regardless of gender (p<0.05). In 1998, compared to low income and rural resident group, the high income and urban resident group was more like to consume Westernized FF [OR=26.7 (3.7, 193.4)] and SSB [OR=3.1 (2.4, 4.1)], respectively. But in recent years the patterns changed. The high income and urban resident group was more like to have Korean style FF [OR=2.0 (1.3, 2.9)] and SSB [OR=1.7 (1.3, 2.1)].ConclusionsConsumption of Westernized FF and SSB increased in South Korea the past decade. SSB consumption doubled. The high income and urban residents group was more like to consume FF and SSB.Grant Funding Source: NIH U54 HD070725‐01 and Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (No. 2011E3501000)
Vitamin A Status and Associated Variables in Mexican Lactating Women
Authors: Lopez‐Teros Veronica , Quihui‐Cota Luis , Esparza‐Romero Julián , Grijalva‐Haro Maria Isabel , Mendez‐Estrada Rosa Olivia , Pacheco‐Moreno Bertha Isabel , Tortoledo‐Ortiz Orlando , Duarte‐Figueroa Maria Elena , Astiazaran‐Garcia Humberto 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveIdentify biochemical and environmental associated factors of vitamin A status in serum and breast milk (BM) of lactating women from northwest MexicoMethodsSerum and BM retinol were determined by HPLC and the cutoff to define VA deficiency in both indicators was 1.05 μmol/L. associated factors of vitamin A status (serum and BM retinol) were identified by multiple logistic regression using a combination of univariate and stepwise analysis as model selection. Possible associated factors were age, weight, height, body mass index, hemoglobin, hematocrit, dietary intake of energy, protein, fat and vitamin A and use of nutritional supplements; these were used for serum retinol concentration and for BM retinol concentration we added crematocrit and BM fat content to the analysis.ResultsVA deficiency was mild considering serum retinol and was present in 17% (n=10) of participant women; prevalence increased to 53% (n=31) when BM concentration was used. Hemoglobin was the factor associated with serum retinol (OR= 0.40, 95% CI 0.20–0.80; P=0.01). BM fat concentration was the factor associated with BM retinol (OR= 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.97; P=0.0001)ConclusionFrom all variables tested, hemoglobin and BM fat concentration were the only associated factors for serum and BM retinol respectively.Study supported by the IAEA.
Biofortified Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a Maize and Bean Diet Provide More Bioavailable Iron to Chickens (Gallus gallus) Than Standard Black Beans
Authors: Tako Elad , Beebe Steve , Reed Spenser , Boy Erick , Glahn Raymond 
Published: June 2021

Our objective was to compare the capacities of biofortified (88μg Fe/g) and standard (59μg Fe/g) black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to deliver Fe for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. Bean based diets (no added Fe) were formulated (dietary Fe concentrations were 39.4±0.2 and 52.9±0.9 mg/kg). Chicks were fed the diets for 6 wks (n=12) and Hb, feed‐consumption and BW were measured. Hb maintenance efficiency was different between groups on wks 2, 3 and 4 (P<0.05). Total body Hb‐Fe contents were different between standard (23.32±0.6 mg) and biofortified (25.50±0.8 mg) bean groups (P <0.05). Duodenal DMT1, DcytB, and ferroportin expressions were higher and liver ferritin was lower (P>;0.05) in standard vs. the biofortified groups. In‐vitro analysis showed no significant differences in Fe bioavailability between diets. The in vivo results suggested a relatively small nutritional benefit to the biofortified bean variety. Evidence suggests that the nutritional benefit of the biofortified beans is reduced by the presence of polyphenols. Hence, modification of the bean seed coat polyphenols may be a means to improve bean Fe bioavailability. We conclude that biofortified beans are a promising vehicle for increasing intakes of bioavailable Fe in populations that consume these beans as a dietary staple.Research support: HarvestPlus and USDA/ARS
Selenoprotein H suppresses cellular senescence through genome maintenance and redox regulation
Authors: Wu Ryan T.Y. , Mattson Elliot , Cheng Wen‐Hsing 
Published: June 2021

Oxidative stress and persistent DNA damage can lead to cellular senescence and aging. Selenoprotein H (SelH) is known to carry redox domains and to transactivate a gene for glutathione biosynthesis. To determine the role of SelH in genome maintenance, we employed SelH and scrambled shRNA knockdown in MRC‐5 human diploid fibroblast or the immortal HeLa cells. SelH shRNA MRC‐5 cells showed more pronounced phenotypic induction of β‐galactosidase expression, autofluorescence, growth inhibition, and ATM pathway activation (γH2AX and phospho‐ATM on Ser‐1981 induction) as compared to scrambled shRNA MRC‐5 cells. Moreover, the increased expression of phospho‐ATM on Ser‐1981 and γH2AX by H2O2 treatment (20 μM) was persistent in SelH shRNA but reversed in the scrambled shRNA MRC‐5 cells 1–5 days after recovery. Interestingly, the slow proliferation in SelH shRNA MRC‐5 cells can be alleviated in the presence of ATM kinase inhibitors KU 55933 and KU 60019, by p53 shRNA knockdown, or by maintaining the cells in 3% O2 incubator (vs. ambient O2). Results from colony forming assays indicated that SelH shRNA HeLa cells were hypersensitive to paraquat and H2O2 but not to other clastogens including hydroxyurea, neocarzinostatin or camptothecin. In conclusion, SelH protects against cellular senescence specifically to oxidative stress through a genome maintenance pathway involving ATM and p53.Grant Funding Source: UMCP
Consumption of bioactive ingredients modulates structure of lipoprotein particles
Authors: Rivera Nancy , German J Bruce , Smilowitz Jennifer T. 
Published: June 2021

Historically, food has defined everyday life, culture, and technology, and agriculture has responded by producing health‐targeted commodity‐based food products. Circulating high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is inversely proportional to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Recently, the structure of HDL particles has been shown to influence particle function. Bioactive ingredients available in the food supply influence HDL metabolism through multiple pathways. This study was designed to examine a novel approach in combining bioactive ingredients for their synergy to modulate HDL particle structure in the postprandial state. Twenty subjects provided blood before, 2 and 4 hours after consumption of three different dietary challenges on three separate days. The variation in plasma HDL and lipoprotein size distribution was explained by the combinations of bioactive ingredients, sex of the subjects and the postprandial period. This pilot study reveals a novel approach for targeting HDL particles using synergistic blends of bioactive components that target multiple metabolic pathways.Grant Funding Source: Unilever
Biochemical nutritional parameters in patients suffering from head and neck cancer after the administration of nutritional support. Preliminary study.
Authors: Casbarien Octavio , Cresta Pablo , Silva Carolina , Feliu Maria Susana , Badia A , DELGADO N LÓPEZ , Perman Mario , Navigante Alfredo , Slobodianik Nora 
Published: June 2021

The evaluation of nutritional status, through biochemical parameters, in a subgroup of these patients, before and after oral intake of a nutritional supplement. Seven adult patients, were attended in the A. Roffo Institute, with local advanced head and neck cancer, underwent therapy with chemoradiotherapy that completed oral intake of a nutritional supplement, during 60 days (Supportan®, Fresenius‐Kabi ). The supplement provides 500Kcal/day, P%27, F%40 (2 g EPA provided by fish oil, MCT and vegetal oils) and 33% of carbohydrates. Blood samples were collected from patients before(To) and after (Tf) the oral administration of the supplement plus habitual diet. Specific serum protein fractions:TTR, transferrin, C3c, C4c, Cp, Hp and PCR were measured by single radial immunodiffusion technique(Biocientífica SA, Argentina and Binding Site, UK).ResultsTf vs To (mg/dl), expressed as X (SD) were:TTR:21.1(8.9) vs 22.9(7.3); Transferrin:188.9(36.1) vs 207.3 (20.9) ;C3c :122.6(24.9) vs 122.5(52.3);C4c:37.5( 7.4) vs 38.9 (11.1); Cp: 40.0 (6.7) vs 36.1(11.7), Hp: 334.0(194.2) vs 245.6(103.9); PCR : 1.4( 0.3) vs 1.6(2.1). No differences between Tf and To were observed. Data suggest that the administration of this oral supplement was useful to maintain the initial biochemical nutritional profile. Supported by UBA( 20020100100044)