bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health of Aging Families: Comparing Compound and Noncompound Caregivers
Authors: Wang Fei , Marsack-Topolewski Christina , DiZazzo-Miller Rosanne , Samuel Preethy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Providing care to a family member with disabilities takes a toll on the caregiver and the whole family's health. Among aging caregivers, compound caregiving (i.e., caring for additional family members) has become an increasingly common scenario. However, few research studies have focused on compound caregivers. Extant literature describes individual-level outcomes, with sparse knowledge on family-level outcomes. The present study examines the differences in the individual and family health of aging compound and noncompound caregivers, using the family quality of life framework. Web-based cross-sectional data collected from 112 aging caregivers (i.e., over 50 years) was analyzed using chi-square and independent sample t-tests to examine differences between caregivers. Compound caregivers had worse perceptions of personal health (t = -2.96, p = .004, d = -.61) than noncompound caregivers. In terms of family health, although all caregivers shared similar perceptions on the importance, opportunities, initiative, and stability, compound caregivers had lower attainment (t = -2.64, p = .009, d = -.44) and satisfaction (t = -3.90, p &lt; .001, d = -.73) than noncompound caregivers. Findings have practice implications for identifying caregivers' multiple responsibilities. It is necessary to develop individual and family level programs focused on health promotion and caregiving training.
State Medicaid Policy and LTC: A Multi-State Qualitative Study of Policy Influence on Caregiver Experiences
Authors: Sadler Tonie , Yan Kevin , Brauner Daniel , Pollack Harold , Konetzka R Tamara 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on long-term care (LTC) state Medicaid policy and its impact on caregiver decisions and experiences. It examines respondents’ general knowledge of LTC state policies and services, challenges with navigating LTC policies and services, and decision-making pathways based on these factors. Using purposive sampling, 63 family caregivers across eight states participated in open-ended qualitative interviews (2019-2020) until thematic saturation was reached. Questions broadly examined caregivers’ experiences and decisions, focusing on decisions made around type of care setting and experiences with LTC state policy. States were selected to represent variation in Home and Community Based Service (HCBS) expenditures as a percentage of total Medicaid long-term services and support expenditures. While LTC policies and services vary significantly by state, we identified many parallels in caregiver experiences and perceptions across states, as respondents often lacked specific knowledge about LTC policies and services and how to access them. Overarching themes include LTC policy navigation challenges, distrust in state-funded LTC services and supports, and moral expectations of caregiving. To manage these challenges, caregivers employed coping strategies such utilizing informal support networks, hiring care coordination assistance, and “stretching things thin” to fill the policy and service gaps. Study findings highlight potential strategies to improve LTC services across states. There is a need to improve community trust with state services by employing transparent regulatory and evaluation procedures for LTC. Wider access to case management may improve communication and knowledge of available services to maximize benefit from HCBS expansions.
Basic Resources and Psychological Strengths as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Lampraki Charikleia , Jopp Daniela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Loss of personal resources is expected to have a negative effect on well-being in all ages, however, in very old age, this effect may be exacerbated. Centenarians, who are confronted with accumulated age-related losses, may be at higher risk of experiencing depressive symptoms. This study investigated the link between basic resources (i.e., health, social network) and depressive symptoms and whether it was mediated by psychological strengths (i.e., meaning, optimism) in 119 centenarians and near-centenarians (Mage = 99.7 years). Results indicated that meaning in life fully mediated the link between health and depressive symptoms, and the link between social network size and depressive symptoms. Similarly, optimism mediated the link between network and depression, but no mediation effect was found when considering health as basic resource. In sum, basic resources are only indirectly associated to depressive feelings, with psychological strengths playing an important intervening role in very old age.
Aging With Pride: Cultural Relevance of Motivational Interviewing for LGBTQ Adults With Dementia
Authors: Petros Ryan , Goldsen Karen Fredriksen , Teri Linda 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
LGBTQ adults disproportionately experience dementia and are more likely to rely on informal social support to meet care needs in the community compared to cisgender, heterosexual peers. Culturally responsive interventions will accommodate the unique strengths and independence of this population and support self-determination as they navigate reduced capacity for self-care, increased need for support, and changes to autonomous, independent decision-making. Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a culturally responsive approach to treatment, amenable to integration with other evidence-based practices (EBP), and is especially relevant for the LGBTQ community for its compatibility with self-determination theory. This paper describes the unique contributions of MI that resulted in culturally relevant adaptations to a leading EBP for dementia and culminated in an efficacious intervention (Aging with Pride: IDEA) that is compatible with self-determination theory, designed for individuals and care providers in the LGBTQ community affected by dementia, and adapted for online delivery during the COVID pandemic.
Sleeping It Off: Sleep Quality Moderates the Association Between Family Bereavement and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Chai Hye Won , Jester Dylan , Lee Soomi , Joo Susanna , Umberson Debra , Almeida David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
While previous studies evince a strong link between family bereavement and worse cardiovascular functioning, factors that may influence the association remain unexplored. This study examined the relation between experiencing the death of an immediate family member and heart rate variability (HRV) and whether the associations differed by sleep quality. The sample included respondents from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarker Project who reported losing an immediate family member – parents, spouse, siblings, or children – within a year before project (n = 94) and those who did not experience any deaths (n = 872). Results showed that the death of a family member was associated with worse HRV only among those who reported having a poor sleep quality and not for those with good sleep quality. These findings suggest that poor sleep quality may indicate psychophysiological vulnerability for those who experienced the death of an immediate family member.
Daily Stress and Sleep Associations Vary by Work Schedule: A Between- and Within-Person Analysis in Nurses
Authors: Slavish Danica , Dietch Jessica , Kane Heidi , Wiley Joshua , Yap Yang , Kelly Kimberly , Ruggero Camilo , Taylor Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nurses experience poor sleep and high stress due to demanding work environments. Night shift work may exacerbate stress-sleep associations. We examined bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep, and moderation by shift worker status and daily work schedule. 392 nurses (92% female, mean age = 39.54) completed 14 days of sleep diaries and actigraphy, plus daily assessments of stress and work schedule upon awakening. Nurses were classified as recent night shift workers if they worked 1+ night during the past 14 days. Greater daily stress predicted shorter diary sleep duration and lower diary sleep efficiency. Shorter diary and actigraphy sleep duration and lower diary sleep efficiency predicted higher next-day stress. Compared to recent night workers, day workers had higher stress after nights with shorter sleep. Associations did not vary by daily work schedule. Sleep disturbances and stress may unfold in a toxic cycle and are prime intervention targets among nurses.
Pain Persistence Is Associated With Increased Odds of MCI in Late Midlife and Early Older Adulthood
Authors: Bell Tyler , Elman Jeremy , Franz Carol , Kremen William 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Twenty percent of older adults will experience persistent pain, the sensation of bodily harm lasting three or more months. Persistent pain doubles the risk of dementia, but we know less about the impact on earlier stages, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). As a step for clarification, this study leveraged data from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) to understand how pain persistence relates to MCI in late midlife to early older adulthood. Participants (n=1,465, 100% male) were recruited across three waves at average ages 56, 62, and 68. At each wave, participants completed the SF-36 and were asked to rate their pain intensity from none (1) to very severe (6). Clinical pain was coded as pain intensity rated more than mild (&gt;3/6). As a time-varying predictor, pain persistence was then calculated as a running frequency of the total waves reporting clinical pain. MCI diagnosis was based on Jak-Bondi criteria. Age, depressive symptoms, comorbidities, and opioid use were included as time-varying covariates. Age and education were included as time-invariant covariates. General estimating equations showed that pain persistence over two waves, reported in 35% of the sample, increased MCI odds by 57% (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.28 to 1.94). Pain persistence over three waves, reported in 17% of the sample, increased MCI odds by 98% (OR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.44 to 2.70). The findings emphasize the role of pain in earlier stages of dementia and the potential importance of pain management in offsetting cognitive decline.
Impact of Caloric Restriction on Molecular and Functional Networks in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Anderson Rozalyn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) delays aging and the onset of age-related disease in diverse species. Several diseases of aging including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration, have an established metabolic component. Although the mechanisms of CR remain unknown, numerous factors implicated in longevity regulation by CR converge on regulation of metabolism. The reprograming of metabolism with CR is tissue specific, but mitochondrial activation and changes in redox metabolism are among the shared features. Changes in non-coding miRNA and in processing of transcripts are contributing mechanisms in integrating metabolic and growth pathways. Our studies in simple cell culture shows that small changes in metabolic status can precipitate large-scale multi-modal functional changes across cellular processes. We propose that modest failures in metabolic integrity with age broadly impact homeostasis and adaptation, creating shared vulnerability to diseases and conditions despite differences in their etiology, and that CR harnesses this same axis to promote health and enhanced longevity.
Online Gaming and Well-Being in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Almeida-Meza Pamela , Cadar Dorina , Steptoe Andrew , Ryan Carrie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Play is considered an important contributor to healthy ageing. Using data from 3,067 participants aged 50+ from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we explored online gaming assessed at wave 6 (2012/13) and quality-of-life, loneliness, and depression at wave 9 (2018/19). Covariates were age, sex, marital status, education, work status, depression, self-rated health, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. We found that 22% of respondents engaged in gaming. Interaction analyses indicated that for younger individuals (&lt;65 years), gaming predicted lower scores in the self-realization sub-scale of the quality-of-life scale in comparison to older gamers. Furthermore, there was a significant association between gaming and lower quality-of-life for widowed individuals only, particularly in terms of autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure. There were non-significant associations between gaming and loneliness and depression. Online gaming might be independently associated with lower levels of quality of life, especially for younger and widowed adults.
Teaching Anti-Racism in an Aging Services Course: Lessons Developed and Lessons Learned
Authors: Pestine-Stevens Althea , Greenfield Emily 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Despite high levels of racial disparities in health and well-being among older adults, curricula addressing how aging services systems contribute to or work to ameliorate these disparities are scarce. This paper introduces a module on inequalities and anti-racism in aging developed for an online course on aging services within a Master of Social Work program. First, materials that help students identify and understand racial inequalities in aging and in the programs that serve older adults are presented. Next, students are introduced to the applied context of how COVID-19 has exacerbated these inequalities. Finally, students critically engage in reflections and assessments of the available resources within aging services and advocacy organizations, providing recommendations for how these systems may better incorporate anti-racist practices. Challenges and opportunities will be discussed, including piloting this module in a virtual, asynchronous environment.
Considerations in Curriculum Design for Teaching About Race and Racism in Gerontology
Authors: Liu Darren , Burston Betty 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The recognition of structural racism as a public health crisis has enlarged the breadth and depth of discussions of the unique “Isms” in higher education classrooms. A significant number of undergraduate or graduate level gerontology programs participate in the delivery of training through instruction on the topics of aging, gerontology, or long-term care administration to future labor market participants. Absent from these classroom conversations, however, has been an analysis of how syntax, the analytical vocabulary, and other framing of such conversations can impact learners. While these educational programs provide highly critical information on disease, illness and injury prevention, self-care, population health, and other topics, professors can also introduce perspectives on race, racism, and how they may be related to the delivering of care to the aging population. Specifically, this session will introduce an example of curricular design for the identification of structural racism in the operation of long-term care institutions.
Driver Speed Profiles Index Warning Signs of MCI
Authors: Merickel Jennifer , Wu Ruiqian , Rizzo Matthew , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Goal: Use driver behavior profiles to screen and index early warnings of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hypothesis: Real-world driver speed behavior profiles discriminate mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Sensors were installed in personal vehicles of 74 legally-licensed, active drivers (age: 65-90 years, μ = 75.85) who completed 2, 3-month real-world driving assessments, including demographic and cognitive assessments, 1 year apart (244,564 miles driven). MCI status was indexed using 8 neuropsychological tests (spanning executive function, visuospatial skills, processing speed, and memory), relevant to MCI and driving. Driving environment was indexed from state speed limit (SL; roadway type: residential, commercial, interstate) and sunrise-sunset databases (time of day: day vs. night). Models: Data were randomly split into training (66%) and validation (33%) sets. An optimal mixed effects logistic regression model was determined from validation data AUC values. Results: MCI drivers drove slower with optimal discrimination (estimated for every 5 mph decrease in speeding) in 1) residential roads (SL 25-35 mph; MCI odds increased by 6% [95% CI: 2-11%]), 2) interstate roads (SL &gt;55 mph; MCI odds increased by 14% [95% CI: 8-20%]), and 3) night environments (MCI odds increased by 7% [95% CI: 2-12%]). Conclusion: Quantitative indices of real-world driver data provide “ground truth” for screening and indexing phenotypes of cognitive decline, in line with ongoing efforts to link driver behavior with age-related cognitive decline and AD biomarkers. Behavioral biomarkers for diagnosing early warnings of dementia could ultimately bolster our ability to detect and intervene in early AD.
Using Clinical Trials as Agents of Transformation in Populations Burdened by Disparities
Authors: Jimenez Daniel , Kim Giyeon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Older adults from racial/ethnic backgrounds as well as those from rural areas experience a disproportionate burden of physical and mental health risk factors. Given the prevalence of comorbid physical and mental health conditions in later life, the inadequacies of current treatment approaches for averting years living with disability, the disparities in access to the health care delivery system (including mental health care), and the workforce shortages to meet the mental and physical health needs of racial/ethnic and rural populations, development and testing of innovative strategies to address these disparities are of great public health significance and have the potential to change practice. This session will illustrate how four different interventions are being used to address mental and physical health needs in Latino and rural-dwelling older adults with the goal of reducing and ultimately eliminating disparities in these populations. Particular attention will be paid to the use of non-traditional interventions (e.g. social support, health promotion, technology). Results of clinical research studies will be presented alongside clinical case presentations. This integrated focus highlights the importance of adapting research interventions to real-world clinical settings.
Ageism and Perceptions of Vulnerability: Framing of Age During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McConatha Jasmin Tahmaseb , Broussard jordan , magnerelli Jacki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Media representations of the Covid-19 pandemic and its devastating consequences have shaped people’s fears, anxiety, and perceptions of vulnerability. Social scientists have examined the consequences of how information is “framed.” Framing theory asserts that issues can be portrayed differently by emphasizing or de-emphasizing aspects and information. According to Lakoff (2004) the impact of a message is not based on what is said but how it is said. Theories of framing focus on how the media frames issues, which then structure and shape attitudes and policies. A news article serves as a frame for an intended message. The purpose of this project is to analyze the ways that “age” has been framed during the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the most dominant frames in terms of COVID-19 coverage is how the pandemic has been analyzed through the lens of age and framed in terms of age discrimination. Method: A thematic analysis of New York Times and Washington Post news articles addressing older adults and illness vulnerability was conducted. The results of news articles appearing in these prominent newspapers indicated that the perceptions of older men and women tended to focus on the relationship between age and vulnerabilities to severe consequences from Covid-19. The frames in which these new articles were presented indicated ageist tones and messages that had the potential to either reinforce or lead to age stereotyping and discrimination.
Effectiveness of the EIT-4-BPSD Intervention on Resident and Setting Outcomes
Authors: Galik Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of EIT-4-BPSD was based on testing the following hypotheses: (1) Settings exposed to EIT-4-BPSD will demonstrate improvements in Environment and Policy assessments, better quality of care interactions, and more person-centered care approaches for management of behavioral symptoms in care plans compared to Education Only settings; and (2) Residents in EIT-4-BPSD settings will have fewer behavioral symptoms and less pain, maintain or improve function, use fewer psychotropic medications, and have improved quality of life compared to residents in Education Only settings. There was not a significant treatment effect at the setting or resident level. Reasons for lack of effectiveness include limited evidence of behavioral symptoms at baseline, nationally based environment and policy requirements related to behavioral management, and measurement challenges in identifying behaviors and other outcomes. Future work should focus more on process and changing how staff approach care which was demonstrated in this trial.
Person-Centered Care Post-Pandemic in Rural U.S. Settings: Use of WE-THRIVE Measures
Authors: Holmes Sarah , Corazzini Kirsten , Lepore Michael , Kusmaul Nancy , Myer Deanna , Rahmaty Zahra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Frontier communities are rural counties that are sparsely populated with limited resources to provide residential long-term care; COVID-19 has heightened these barriers and adversely affected residents, their families and staff. This study describes the feasibility of implementing recommended WE-THRIVE measures in one residential long-term care setting in a frontier community in the rural Midwest, and the capacity for administrative leadership to draw upon results of measures to implement person-centered care post-pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, early efforts to advance person-centered care in the setting were displaced by a focus on infection control and containment. WE-THRIVE measures assess person-centered care following immunization distribution, and are discussed in terms of how to develop a dashboard to ‘de-escalate’ a COVID-19 focus and rebuild momentum towards person-centered care. Particular attention is given to the context of measurement, including data sharing and measurement burden, to inform advancing person-centered long-term care in other frontier communities.