bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of probiotics to reduce infections and death and prevent colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria among newborn infants in Tanzania (ProRIDE Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kuwelker Kanika , Langeland Nina , Löhr Iren Høyland , Gidion Joshua , Manyahi Joel , Moyo Sabrina John , Blomberg Bjørn , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) has emerged as an urgent global health threat and is by the World Health Organization ranked as priority 1 among pathogens in need of new treatment. Studies have shown high mortality in Tanzanian children with ESBL-E infections. Gut colonization of ESBL-E, which is a potential risk factor of ESBL-E infections, is reported to be very high among children in Tanzania. Probiotics may potentially reduce gut colonization of multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, there is limited data on whether probiotics may reduce ESBL-E carriage in infants. The ProRIDE Trial aims to evaluate whether the use of probiotics can reduce morbidity and mortality among infants in Haydom, Tanzania, and whether this effect is associated with a reduction in ESBL-E colonization and/or infections.

Methods/design
This large randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial aims to recruit 2000 newborn infants at Haydom Lutheran Hospital and the surrounding area in the period of November 2020 to November 2021. Participants will be enrolled from days 0 to 3 after birth and randomized to receive probiotics or placebo for 4 weeks. Participants will be followed-up for 6 months, during which three visits will be made to collect clinical and demographic information, as well as rectal swabs and fecal samples which will be subjected to laboratory analysis. The primary composite outcome is the prevalence of death and/or hospitalization at 6 months of age.

Discussion
As the use of probiotics may give a more favorable gut composition, and thereby improve health and reduce morbidity and mortality, the results may have implications for future therapy guidelines in Africa and internationally.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04172012. Registered on November 21, 2019
Acupuncture for comorbid mild-moderate depression and chronic musculoskeletal pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Sheng , Liu Jing , Huang Jianpeng , Luo Ding , Wu Qian , Ning Baile , Chen Ling , Liu Jianhua , Fu Wen-Bin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Depression and chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) are the leading causes of years lived with disabling diseases worldwide. Moreover, they often commonly coexist, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. A safe and effective treatment is urgently needed. Previous studies have shown that acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment for simple depression or CMSP. However, there is limited evidence that acupuncture is effective for depression comorbid with CMSP.

Methods
This is a randomized, sham acupuncture-controlled trial with three arms: real acupuncture (RA), sham acupuncture (SA), and healthy control (HC). Forty-eight depression combined CMSP participants and 12 healthy people will be recruited from GDTCM hospital and randomized 2:2:1 to the RA, SA, and HC groups. The patients will receive RA or SA intervention for 8 weeks, and HC will not receive any intervention. Upon completion of the intervention, there will be a 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome measures will be the severity of depression and pain, which will be assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), respectively. The secondary outcome measures will be cognitive function and quality of life, which will be measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), P300, and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). In addition, the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and symptoms will also be determined.

Discussion
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanism of acupuncture in depression comorbid with CMSP. This study could provide evidence for a convenient and cost-effective means of future prevention and treatment of combined depression and CMSP.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800014754. Preregistered on 2 February 2018. The study is currently recruiting.
Differences in the attitudes to sport psychology consulting between individual and team sport athletes
Authors: Rooney Dáire , Jackson Robin C. , Heron Neil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate how an athlete’s participation in either an individual or team sport is related to their attitude toward sport psychology consulting and their willingness to consult a sport psychology practitioner.MethodThe Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised form (SPA-R) (Martin, et al., Sport Psychol 16:272-90, 2020) was completed by 120 athletes from individual and team sports. A 2 (Type of sport: individual and team) × 2 (Gender) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with attitudes towards sport psychology as dependent variables. To identify attitudes that accentuated the differences related to type of sport, follow-up univariate analyses were performed.ResultsResults revealed that overall athletes involved in individual sports reported more positive attitudes towards sport psychology consulting than athletes involved in team sports. In particular, the athletes involved in individual sports were more likely to have greater confidence in sport psychology consulting. The findings also show that gender may mediate this association, indicated by a nearly significant two-way interaction effect for gender and type of sport (individual versus team) regarding confidence in sport psychology. The source of this marginal result was a larger effect of sport type for females than for males.ConclusionsThe findings of this study imply that athletes involved in individual sports are more likely to have positive attitudes towards sport psychology compared to athletes competing in team-based sports, with females more likely to view sport psychology positively than compared to their male counterparts. The results may go some way to assist sport psychologists to understand and address athletes’ concerns and to improve receptivity to sport psychology services.
A preliminary study of schema therapy for young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a single-arm, uncontrolled trial
Authors: Oshima Fumiyo , Murata Tomokazu , Ohtani Toshiyuki , Seto Mikuko , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
Psychological problems associated with isolation and mistrust are common among young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Schema therapy (ST) has recently been shown to be effective against chronic personality problems of various mental disorders, including personality disorders. This pilot clinical trial aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of ST in young adults with high-functioning ASD.

Results
Following the intervention, a significant reduction in early maladaptive schemas and improvements in quality of life and social adjustment were observed. ST may be feasible and is applicable to young adults with HF-ASD.
Trial registration UMIN000014535; registered on July 11, 2014
Late postpancreatectomy hemorrhage from the gastroduodenal artery stump into an insufficient hepaticojejunostomy: a case report
Authors: Zeyara Adam , Tingstedt Bobby , Andersson Bodil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Mortality after elective pancreatic surgery in modern high-volume centers is very low. Morbidity remains high, affecting 20–40% of patients. Late postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is a rare but potentially lethal complication. The exceptionality in our case lies in the underlying mechanism of its clinical presentation. It is a demonstration of the difficulties associated with finding the source of bleeding in late postpancreatectomy hemorrhage.

Case presentation
An 82-year-old White female was diagnosed with a periampullary malignancy and underwent pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperatively, the patient suffered from an anastomotic leak in the hepaticojejunostomy, which was treated with percutaneous pigtail drains in the abdomen and in the biliary tract. On the fourth postoperative week she presented blood in both drains and in her stool. Given our knowledge about the biliary anastomotic leak, this presentation led us to suspect an intraluminal source (biliary tract or gastrojejunostomy) with blood leaking through the insufficient hepaticojejunostomy into the abdominal cavity. Upper tract endoscopy and computed tomography angiography were, however, unremarkable. Further investigation with conventional angiography identified the bleeding source at the gastroduodenal artery stump, which was successfully coiled. Hence, the gastroduodenal artery stump was bleeding into the insufficient hepaticojejunostomy, filling up the biliary tree and the small intestine. After coiling of the artery, the remainder of the postoperative care was uneventful.

Conclusion
Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage presents a major clinical challenge after pancreatoduodenectomy, with significant morbidity and high risk for mortality. The treating physician must be alert and active in the investigation and treatment of the bleeding source to ensure a successful outcome.
Experimental co-infection of variant infectious bursal disease virus and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 increases mortality and reduces immune response in chickens
Authors: Xu A-hui , Sun Lu , Tu Kai-hang , Teng Qing-yuan , Xue Jia , Zhang Guo-zhong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) cause infectious bursal disease (IBD) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome, respectively. Recently, studies have reported co-infections of poultry with IBDV and FAdV-4, which is an important problem in the poultry industry. Here, the variant IBDV strain ZD-2018-1 and FAdV-4 isolate HB1501 were used to assess the pathogenicity of co-infection in 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Compared with chickens infected with only FAdV-4, those coinfected with IBDV and FAdV-4 showed enhanced clinical symptoms, higher mortality, more severe tissue lesions, and higher biochemical index levels. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and interferon-γ mRNAs in the IBDV-FAdV-4 coinfected chickens was delayed, and the antibody response levels were significantly lower in those birds compared with the FAdV-4-infected chickens. These results indicate that co-infection with variant IBDV ZD-2018-1 and FAdV-4 HB1501 could significantly promote the pathogenicity of FAdV-4 and reduce the immune response in chickens. This study provides the foundation for further investigation of the interaction mechanism in IBDV and FAdV-4 co-infection.
The TonB system in Aeromonas hydrophila NJ-35 is essential for MacA2B2 efflux pump-mediated macrolide resistance
Authors: Dong Yuhao , Li Qing , Geng Jinzhu , Cao Qing , Zhao Dan , Jiang Mingguo , Li Shougang , Lu Chengping , Liu Yongjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe TonB system is generally considered as an energy transporting device for the absorption of nutrients. Our recent study showed that deletion of this system caused a significantly increased sensitivity ofAeromonas hydrophilato the macrolides erythromycin and roxithromycin, but had no effect on other classes of antibiotics. In this study, we found the sensitivity ofΔtonB123to all macrolides tested revealed a 8- to 16-fold increase compared with the wild-type (WT) strain, but this increase was not related with iron deprivation caused bytonB123deletion. Further study demonstrated that the deletion oftonB123did not damage the integrity of the bacterial membrane but did hinder the function of macrolide efflux. Compared with the WT strain, deletion ofmacA2B2, one of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) types of the macrolide efflux pump, enhanced the sensitivity to the same levels as those ofΔtonB123. Interestingly, the deletion ofmacA2B2in theΔtonB123mutant did not cause further increase in sensitivity to macrolide resistance, indicating that the macrolide resistance afforded by the MacA2B2pump was completely abrogated bytonB123deletion. In addition,macA2B2expression was not altered in theΔtonB123mutant, indicating that any influence of TonB on MacA2B2-mediated macrolide resistance was at the pump activity level. In conclusion, inactivation of the TonB system significantly compromises the resistance ofA. hydrophilato macrolides, and the mechanism of action is related to the function of MacA2B2-mediated macrolide efflux.
Plant antimicrobial peptides: structures, functions, and applications
Authors: Li Junpeng , Hu Shuping , Jian Wei , Xie Chengjian , Yang Xingyong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of short, usually positively charged polypeptides that exist in humans, animals, and plants. Considering the increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens, the antimicrobial activity of AMPs has attracted much attention. AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi are an important defensive barrier against pathogens for many organisms. With continuing research, many other physiological functions of plant AMPs have been found in addition to their antimicrobial roles, such as regulating plant growth and development and treating many diseases with high efficacy. The potential applicability of plant AMPs in agricultural production, as food additives and disease treatments, has garnered much interest. This review focuses on the types of plant AMPs, their mechanisms of action, the parameters affecting the antimicrobial activities of AMPs, and their potential applications in agricultural production, the food industry, breeding industry, and medical field.
3D-printed saw guides for lower arm osteotomy, a comparison between a synthetic CT and CT-based workflow
Authors: Willemsen Koen , Ketel Mirte H. M. , Zijlstra Frank , Florkow Mateusz C. , Kuiper Ruurd J. A. , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Weinans Harrie , Pouran Behdad , Beekman Freek J. , Seevinck Peter R. , Sakkers Ralph J. B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThree-dimensional (3D)-printed saw guides are frequently used to optimize osteotomy results and are usually designed based on computed tomography (CT), despite the radiation burden, as radiation-less alternatives like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have inferior bone visualization capabilities. This study investigated the usability of MR-based synthetic-CT (sCT), a novel radiation-less bone visualization technique for 3D planning and design of patient-specific saw guides.MethodsEight human cadaveric lower arms (mean age: 78y) received MRI and CT scans as well as high-resolution micro-CT. From the MRI scans, sCT were generated using a conditional generative adversarial network. Digital 3D bone surface models based on the sCT and general CT were compared to the surface model from the micro-CT that was used as ground truth for image resolution. From both the sCT and CT digital bone models saw guides were designed and 3D-printed in nylon for one proximal and one distal bone position for each radius and ulna. Six blinded observers placed these saw guides as accurately as possible on dissected bones. The position of each guide was assessed by optical 3D-scanning of each bone with positioned saw guide and compared to the preplanning. Eight placement errors were evaluated: three translational errors (along each axis), three rotational errors (around each axis), a total translation (∆T) and a total rotation error (∆R).ResultsSurface models derived from micro-CT were on average smaller than sCT and CT-based models with average differences of 0.27 ± 0.30 mm for sCT and 0.24 ± 0.12 mm for CT. No statistically significant positioning differences on the bones were found between sCT- and CT-based saw guides for any axis specific translational or rotational errors nor between the ∆T (p = .284) and ∆R (p = .216). On Bland-Altman plots, the ∆T and ∆R limits of agreement (LoA) were within the inter-observer variability LoA.ConclusionsThis research showed a similar error for sCT and CT digital surface models when comparing to ground truth micro-CT models. Additionally, the saw guide study showed equivalent CT- and sCT-based saw guide placement errors. Therefore, MRI-based synthetic CT is a promising radiation-less alternative to CT for the creation of patient-specific osteotomy surgical saw guides.
Climate change, 24-hour movement behaviors, and health: a mini umbrella review
Authors: Zisis Evaline , Hakimi Shawn , Lee Eun-Young 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The worsening climate change and alarming prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases continue to threat human life and existence. Accumulating evidence suggests that favorable patterns of 24-h movement behaviors, high physical activity, low sedentary behavior, and adequate sleep, may positively contribute to achieving dual benefits of climate change mitigation and disease prevention. The purposes of this mini umbrella review were to summarize the most up-to-date, high-level evidence exploring the relationships between climate change, 24-h movement behaviors, and health and elaborate on the mechanisms linking the three variables of interest.

Methods
A systematic search of electronic databases was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar during March–October 2020. Inclusion criteria were: (1) systematic review; (2) reviewed relationships between climate change and movement behaviors and/or health in any directions; (3) written in English; (4) published in 2010–2020. Narrative synthesis was conducted to highlight the main relationships observed and address the current state of knowledge and priorities for future research. In order to illustrate the potential mechanisms between climate change, movement behaviors, and health, the main results from included systematic reviews were summarized and a conceptual framework was developed for future research.

Results
Based on the evidence from eight systematic reviews published in the past decade, multi-directional (i.e., uni-, bi-, or U-shaped) links were observed between climate change and varying human health outcomes. However, little is understood about the association between climate change and 24-h movement behaviors. Two reviews suggested the negative impact of climate change on sleep and bi-directional relationships between climate change and physical activity/sport. One review included two studies suggesting the unfavorable impact of climate change on sedentary behavior; however, the evidence was limited. Finally, no reviews examined the mechanisms by which climate change, movement behaviors, and health impact one another. Based on the findings of this mini umbrella review, a conceptual framework is proposed that could guide future work to unpack mechanisms between climate change, movement behaviors, and health.

Conclusions
This mini umbrella review highlights the importance of better understanding the mechanisms between climate change, movement behaviors, and health in developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change, while paying close attention to vulnerable countries/communities/population groups.
Are researchers getting the terms used to denote different types of recreational cannabis right?—a user perspective
Authors: Mason Ava , Sami Musa , Notley Caitlin , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
While current cannabis research has advanced our understanding into the effects of its individual components, there is a pressing need to identify simple terminology that is understood in the same way by researchers and users of cannabis. Current categorisation in research focuses on the two main cannabinoids: delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD); and two different species of cannabis: indica and sativa. Recreational cannabis has also been categorised by researchers as ‘skunk’ or ‘hash’. Focusing on individuals who use cannabis frequently, this study aimed to identify views on current terms used to denote different types of cannabis and to identify terms validated by participants. These views were extracted from responses of the Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ), a widely used instrument in the literature.

Methods
We qualitatively analysed 236 free-text responses from Question 23 of the CEQ survey (using Iterative Categorisation) relating to categorization and consumption methods. Data was used from a previous study (Sami et al., Psychol Med 49:103–12, 2019), which recruited a convenience sample of 1231 participants aged 18 years and above who had previously used cannabis.

Results
Regarding type of cannabis used, specific strain names (n = 130), concentrates (n = 37), indica/sativa (n = 22) and THC/CBD terms (n = 22) were mentioned. Other terms used were hybrids (n = 10), origins of specific strains (n = 17), edibles (n = 8), and herbal cannabis (n = 7). Regarding problems with specific terms, participants were skeptical about terms such as skunk and super skunk (n = 78) preferring terms like THC/CBD, indica/sativa, specific marketed strains and references to preparation methods.

Conclusions
The results suggest a disparity between the common terms used by researchers in academia and those used by cannabis consumers. While there are advantages and limitations of using these terms to bridge views of researchers and individuals who use cannabis, this study underscores the importance of formally assessing chemical constituents rather than relying on self-report data and of incorporating cannabis user views on current terms used in research, potentially also incorporating descriptors of preparation and consumption methods.