bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Assessment of PyrimidoTacrines as Promising Agents for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Dakhlaoui Imen , Maalej Emna , Martin Helene , Lucht Aurélia , Iriepa Isabel , Moraleda Ignacio , Marco‐Contelles Jose , Chabchoub Fakher , Ismaili Lhassane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConsidering the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), multitarget small molecules (MTSMs) represent the most potent and attractive therapeutic strategy to design new drugs for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Thus, new Pyrimidotacrines were designed and synthesized by merging pyrimidine scaffold and tacrine. Among them, 4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐6,7,8,9‐tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolin‐5‐amine (4 j) was identified as less hepatotoxic than tacrine at high concentration, a submicromolar inhibitor against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (IC50=677±28 nM) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (IC50=756±41 nM) showing potent antioxidant properties (2.43 TE) and displaying a strong neuroprotection effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Oligomycin Rotenone. Consequently, 4 j is a potential new hit‐ligand for AD therapy for further biological exploration
Rational Design of Heterocyclic Moieties Incorporated in [1,2,3]Sugar‐Triazole Derivatives for Antioxidant Studies
Authors: Jenifer V. Rabecca , Muthuvel Panneerselvam , Das Thangamuthu Mohan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReaction of heterocyclic azides with sugar alkyne under copper catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction resulted in the formation of triazoles in 64–90 % of yield. Existence of β‐anomeric forms of sugar were identified from NMR spectral studies. The structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, spectrometry (1H & 13C NMR) analysis. Antioxidant activities of the synthesised sugar triazoles shows significant inhibition (89.2 %) at lower than 100 μg/mL.
Research Progress of Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption Based on MOFs
Authors: Li Ying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdsorption method is one of the main technologies for hydrogen sulfide treatment. Developing an adsorbent with good selectivity, large adsorption capacity, stability and good regeneration is the key to the removal of hydrogen sulfide by adsorption method. Compared with the traditional adsorbents, Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have a large specific surface area, a variety of framework structures, adjustable pore sizes and functionality, showing significant advantages in the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide. In this paper, the research progress of hydrogen sulfide adsorption based on MOFs in recent years was summarized. The influences of pore structure and unsaturated metal sites on the hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance of MOFs were discussed, and the strategies of functionalized groups and preparation of composites were proposed to improve the hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance of MOFs. Finally, the problems and challenges in the future industrial application of MOFs as low concentration hydrogen sulfide adsorbents were pointed out.
One-loop Feynman integrals for 2 → 3 scattering involving many scales including internal masses
Authors: Syrrakos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study several multiscale one-loop five-point families of Feynman integrals. More specifically, we employ the Simplified Differential Equations approach to obtain results in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms of up to transcendental weight four for families with two and three massive external legs and massless propagators, as well as with one massive internal line and up to two massive external legs. This is the first time this computational approach is applied to cases involving internal masses.
Discontinuous perturbations of nonhomogeneous strongly-singular Kirchhoff problems
Authors: Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Santos Carlos Alberto , Santos Lais , Carvalho Marcos L. M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with a Kirchhoff problem in the presence of a strongly-singular term perturbed by a discontinuous nonlinearity of the Heaviside type in the setting of Orlicz–Sobolev space. The presence of both strongly-singular and non-continuous terms brings up difficulties in associating a differentiable functional to the problem with finite energy in the whole space $$W_0^{1,\Phi }(\Omega )$$

W
0

1
,
Φ

(
Ω
)

. To overcome this obstacle, we establish an optimal condition for the existence of $$W_0^{1,\Phi }(\Omega )$$

W
0

1
,
Φ

(
Ω
)

-solutions to a strongly-singular problem, which allows us to constrain the energy functional to a subset of $$W_0^{1,\Phi }(\Omega )$$

W
0

1
,
Φ

(
Ω
)

in order to apply techniques of convex analysis and generalized gradient in the sense of Clarke.
Origin of an evolutionary novelty: the worker phenotype of eusocial wasps
Authors: Hunt J. H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractComplex problems in evolutionary biology can be approached in two ways, top down using theoretical constructs and bottom up using empirical studies . Theoretical concepts predominate evolutionary interpretations of eusociality in a literature that is small relative to an enormous literature of natural history and basic research that is not synthesized into a conceptual whole. Here, I draw insights from this literature to show how paper wasps’ allomaternal non-reproductive worker phenotype originates in every colony cycle via confluence of multiple factors of paper wasp biology. These include behavior, development, nutrient dynamics, indirect genetic effects, sex ratio, and demography. A novel perspective on the colony cycle, based on individuals’ reproductive physiology, serves as context to examine of each of these. It will be shown that the allomaternal non-reproductive worker phenotype does not require relatedness among colony members to originate. Allomaternal care of non-relatives is frequent and can occur in at least twelve contexts. Life histories of living species as they will be presented here show that relatedness among colony members is not the target of selection in simple eusociality. However, the novel allomaternal non-reproductive worker phenotype had to be present at the ancestral origins of complex eusociality in which relatedness among colony members is essential.
Multi-stage sulfide evolution of the Moran Ni sulfide ore, Kambalda, Western Australia: insights into the dynamics of ore forming processes of komatiite-hosted deposits
Authors: Staude Sebastian , Oelze Marcus , Markl Gregor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Moran komatiite-hosted Ni sulfide deposit at Kambalda (Australia) is one of the better preserved orebodies at Kambalda. Its geochemical signature is used to investigate the evolution of the sulfide mineralization. The orebody has several parts, including a flanking segment where massive sulfides formed relatively early and a central portion in a 40-m-deep erosional embayment representing a later generation of massive and net-textured sulfides. Basal massive sulfides within the deep embayment vary systematically in their chalcophile element contents (Ni, PGE, Au, Te, As, Bi). Elements compatible in monosulfide solid solution (MSS) exhibit the highest concentration at the edge of the orebody (up to 4.3 ppm Ir + Os + Ru + Rh), whereas incompatible elements are most concentrated in the centre (up to 11.2 ppm Pt + Pd + Au). This difference in element distributions is explained by fractional crystallization of sulfide melt from the edge towards the centre. To explain the vertical movement of the residual fractionated melt, a new model of sulfide crystallization is proposed. A low-viscosity boundary layer containing incompatible elements is formed between MSS and sulfide melt. This melt propagates with the crystallization front towards the centre of the sulfide melt pool. Trace element variations in pentlandite (e.g. Co) and composite Co- and Bi-bearing arsenide-telluride grains suggest that during the final stages of crystallization, an immiscible Co-As-Te-Bi melt is formed.
Optimal design of SSSC and crowbar parameters for performance enhancement of Egyptian Zafrana wind farm
Authors: Rashad Ahmed , Kamel Salah , Jurado Francisco , Rihan Mahmoud , Ebeed Mohamed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractZafarana Wind Park is considered the largest wind farm in Middle East. By the year 2022, Zafarana wind farm will inject 545 MW to Egypt national electric network (ENEN). This wind farm has been connecting to ENEN in stages (eight stages) from ten years ago. Each stage represents a project of wind farm. Hence, the impact of the emergency condition of ENEN on the performance of the installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park should be studied. Moreover, determining the possible method to reduce the side effects of the emergency condition of ENEN on the installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park becomes an important issue. In this paper, a combination between Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and crowbar (Cro-SSSC) is used to enhance the performance of the one installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park. The studied stage of Zafarana Wind Park is Zafarana Z1 wind farm (Z1). Zafarana Z1 wind farm represents that first stage of Zafarana Wind Park that was connected to ENEN. Hence, the paper takes Zafarana Z1 wind farm as the studied case to examine the impact of Cro-SSSC. The crowbar is used to protect the power components of the SSSC from the high current during grid fault condition. Also, in this paper multi-objective lightning attachment procedure optimization algorithm (LAPO) and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) are used to evaluate and tune the control gains of SSSC and the value of crowbar's resistance. This step is important in order to determine the values of the control's gains of SSSC and the value of crowbar resistance which suit the studied system (one installed stage of Zafarana Wind Park). The sliding mode control (SMC) is used as an example of nonlinear control of SSSC. Also, a hybrid of LAPO and SMC is used to improve the performance of Zafarana Z1 during faults. The results of LAPO, SCA and SMC are compared during three-phase fault and single line to ground fault applied to the studied system.
Unobstructedness of hyperkähler twistor spaces
Authors: Brecan Ana-Maria , Kirschner Tim , Schwald Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA family of irreducible holomorphic symplectic (ihs) manifolds over the complex projective line has unobstructed deformations if its period map is an embedding. This applies in particular to twistor spaces of ihs manifolds. Moreover, a family of ihs manifolds over a subspace of the period domain extends to a universal family over an open neighborhood in the period domain.
Co-exposure of cannabinoids with amphetamines and biological, behavioural and health outcomes: a scoping review of animal and human studies
Authors: Daldegan-Bueno Dimitri , Maia Lucas O. , Glass Michelle , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Fischer Benedikt 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rationale
The growing prevalence of psychostimulant (including amphetamine) use and associated health harms, with limited treatment options, present a global challenge. There is an increasing availability and medical applications of cannabinoids, and growing interest in their therapeutic potential for addictive disorders.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to review available data regarding cannabis/cannabinoid co-use or exposure on amphetamine-related outcomes.

Methods
Towards the present scoping review, we systematically searched four databases (Medline, Web-of-Science, CINAHL Plus and PsycInfo) using cannabis/cannabinoid and amphetamine text-terms identifying peer-reviewed, English-language studies published in 2000–2020 involving multiple methods approaches among both human and animal study samples, assessing the association of co-use/administration of cannabis/cannabinoids products with non-medical amphetamines on biological, behavioural or health outcomes.

Results
Twenty-five articles were included. Pre-clinical studies (n = 15) found mostly protective effects of single or repeated cannabinoids administration on rodents in amphetamine addiction models, amphetamine-induced models of human mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia) and amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Human studies (n = 10) were more heterogeneously designed (e.g. cross-sectional, case–control, longitudinal) and assessed natural ongoing cannabis and methamphetamine use or dependence, showing mostly enhanced harms in a diversity of outcomes (e.g. mental health, methamphetamine use, cognition).

Conclusions
While human studies suggest cannabis use as an adverse risk factor among non-medical amphetamine users, pre-clinical studies suggest therapeutic potential of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, to alleviate amphetamine addiction and harms, including treatment outcomes. Given increasing psychostimulant harms but lack of care options, rigorous, high-quality design studies should aim to translate and investigate pre-clinical study results for potential therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids for amphetamine use/abuse in human subjects.
Medication-related adverse events in health care—what have we learned? A narrative overview of the current knowledge
Authors: Laatikainen O. , Sneck S. , Turpeinen M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Although medication-related adverse events (MRAEs) in health care are vastly studied, high heterogeneity in study results complicates the interpretations of the current situation. The main objective of this study was to form an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of the prevalence, risk factors, and surveillance of MRAEs in health care.

Methods
Electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched with applicable search terms to collect information on medication-related adverse events. In order to obtain an up-to-date view of MRAEs, only studies published after 2000 were accepted.

Results
The prevalence rates of different MRAEs vary greatly between individual studies and meta-analyses. Study setting, patient population, and detection methods play an important role in determining detection rates, which should be regarded while interpreting the results. Medication-related adverse events are more common in elderly patients and patients with lowered liver or kidney function, polypharmacy, and a large number of additional comorbidities. However, the risk of MRAEs is also significantly increased by the use of high-risk medicines but also in certain care situations. Preventing MRAEs is important as it will decrease patient mortality and morbidity but also reduce costs and functional challenges related to them.

Conclusions
Medication-related adverse events are highly common and have both immediate and long-term effects to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Conclusive solutions for prevention of all medication-related harm are impossible to create. In the future, however, the development of efficient real-time detection methods can provide significant improvements for event prevention and forecasting.
Delineating neural responses and functional connectivity changes during vestibular and nociceptive stimulation reveal the uniqueness of cortical vestibular processing
Authors: Huber Judita , Ruehl Maxine , Flanagin Virginia , zu Eulenburg Peter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVestibular information is ubiquitous and often processed jointly with visual, somatosensory and proprioceptive information. Among the cortical brain regions associated with human vestibular processing, area OP2 in the parietal operculum has been proposed as vestibular core region. However, delineating responses uniquely to vestibular stimulation in this region using neuroimaging is challenging for several reasons: First, the parietal operculum is a cytoarchitectonically heterogeneous region responding to multisensory stimulation. Second, artificial vestibular stimulation evokes confounding somatosensory and nociceptive responses blurring responses contributing to vestibular perception. Furthermore, immediate effects of vestibular stimulation on the organization of functional networks have not been investigated in detail yet. Using high resolution neuroimaging in a task-based and functional connectivity approach, we compared two equally salient stimuli—unilateral galvanic vestibular (GVS) and galvanic nociceptive stimulation (GNS)—to disentangle the processing of both modalities in the parietal operculum and characterize their effects on functional network architecture. GNS and GVS gave joint responses in area OP1, 3, 4, and the anterior and middle insula, but not in area OP2. GVS gave stronger responses in the parietal operculum just adjacent to OP3 and OP4, whereas GNS evoked stronger responses in area OP1, 3 and 4. Our results underline the importance of considering this common pathway when interpreting vestibular neuroimaging experiments and underpin the role of area OP2 in central vestibular processing. Global network changes were found during GNS, but not during GVS. This lack of network reconfiguration despite the saliency of GVS may reflect the continuous processing of vestibular information in the awake human.
Angle Sums of Schläfli Orthoschemes
Authors: Godland Thomas , Kabluchko Zakhar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the simplices $$\begin{aligned} K_n^A=\{x\in {\mathbb {R}}^{n+1}:x_1\ge x_2\ge \cdots \ge x_{n+1},x_1-x_{n+1}\le 1,\,x_1+\cdots +x_{n+1}=0\} \end{aligned}$$

K
n
A

=

{
x
∈

R

n
+
1

:

x
1

≥

x
2

≥
⋯
≥

x

n
+
1

,

x
1

-

x

n
+
1

≤
1
,

x
1

+
⋯
+

x

n
+
1

=
0
}

and $$\begin{aligned} K_n^B=\{x\in {\mathbb {R}}^n:1\ge x_1\ge x_2\ge \cdots \ge x_n\ge 0\}, \end{aligned}$$

K
n
B

=

{
x
∈

R

n

:
1
≥

x
1

≥

x
2

≥
⋯
≥

x
n

≥
0
}

,

which are called the Schläfli orthoschemes of types A and B, respectively. We describe the tangent cones at their j-faces and compute explicitly the sums of the conic intrinsic volumes of these tangent cones at all j-faces of $$K_n^A$$

K
n
A

and $$K_n^B$$

K
n
B

. This setting contains sums of external and internal angles of $$K_n^A$$

K
n
A

and $$K_n^B$$

K
n
B

as special cases. The sums are evaluated in terms of Stirling numbers of both kinds. We generalize these results to finite products of Schläfli orthoschemes of type A and B and, as a probabilistic consequence, derive formulas for the expected number of j-faces of the Minkowski sums of the convex hulls of a finite number of Gaussian random walks and random bridges. Furthermore, we evaluate the analogous angle sums for the tangent cones of Weyl chambers of types A and B and finite products thereof.
Deep learning approach to obtain collaborative filtering neighborhoods
Authors: Bobadilla Jesús , González-Prieto Ángel , Ortega Fernando , Lara-Cabrera Raúl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the context of recommender systems based on collaborative filtering (CF), obtaining accurate neighborhoods of the items of the datasets is relevant. Beyond particular individual recommendations, knowing these neighbors is fundamental for adding differentiating factors to recommendations, such as explainability, detecting shilling attacks, visualizing item relations, clustering, and providing reliabilities. This paper proposes a deep learning architecture to efficiently and accurately obtain CF neighborhoods. The proposed design makes use of a classification neural network to encode the dataset patterns of the items, followed by a generative process that obtains the neighborhood of each item by means of an iterative gradient localization algorithm. Experiments have been conducted using five popular open datasets and five representative baselines. The results show that the proposed method improves the quality of the neighborhoods compared to theK-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm for the five selected similarity measure baselines. The efficiency of the proposed method is also shown by comparing its computational requirements with that of KNN.
KP772 overcomes multiple drug resistance in malignant lymphoma and leukemia cells in vitro by inducing Bcl-2-independent apoptosis and upregulation of Harakiri
Authors: Kater Lisa , Kater Benjamin , Jakupec Michael A. , Keppler Bernhard K. , Prokop Aram 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite high cure rates in pediatric patients with acute leukemia, development of resistance limits the efficacy of antileukemic therapy.Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)tris(thiocyanato-κN)lanthanum(III) (KP772) is an experimental antineoplastic agent to which multidrug-resistant cell models have shown hypersensitivity. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities of KP772 were tested in leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumor cell lines as well as primary leukemia cells (isolated from the bone marrow of a child with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The ability to overcome drug resistances was investigated in doxorubicin- and vincristine-resistant cell lines. Real-time PCR was used to gain insight into the mechanism of apoptosis induction. KP772 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in various leukemia and lymphoma cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner (LC50 = 1–2.5 µM). Primary AML cells were also sensitive to KP772, whereas daunorubicin showed no significant effect. KP772 induces apoptosis independently of Bcl-2, Smac, and the CD95 receptor and is also effective in caspase 3-deficient MCF7 cells, indicating that apoptosis is partly triggered independently of caspase 3. mRNA expression profiling revealed an upregulation of the BH3-only Bcl-2 protein Harakiri in the course of KP772-induced apoptosis. Remarkably, KP772 overcame drug resistance to doxorubicin and vincristine in vitro, and the apoptotic effect in resistant cells was even superior to that in non-resistant parental cells. In combination with vincristine, doxorubicin and cytarabine, synergistic effects were observed in BJAB cells. The cytotoxic potency in vitro/ex vivo and the remarkable ability to overcome multidrug resistance propose KP772 as a promising candidate drug for antileukemic therapy, especially of drug-refractory malignancies.Graphic abstract
Sublinear Circuits for Polyhedral Sets
Authors: Naumann Helen , Theobald Thorsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSublinear circuits are generalizations of the affine circuits in matroid theory, and they arise as the convex-combinatorial core underlying constrained non-negativity certificates of exponential sums and of polynomials based on the arithmetic-geometric inequality. Here, we study the polyhedral combinatorics of sublinear circuits for polyhedral constraint sets. We give results on the relation between the sublinear circuits and their supports and provide necessary as well as sufficient criteria for sublinear circuits. Based on these characterizations, we provide some explicit results and enumerations for two prominent polyhedral cases, namely the non-negative orthant and the cube [− 1,1]n.
Solving the restructuring problems of (former) old industrial regions with smart specialization? Conceptual thoughts and evidence from the Ruhr
Authors: Hassink Robert , Kiese Matthias 
Published: October 2021

Abstract(Former) old industrial regions are a specific kind of lagging regions that suffer from long-term restructuring problems and deindustrialization. They are back in the focus of many researchers as well as media observers, because of the rise of populist parties in many of these regions in North America and Europe. Therefore, new policy options are discussed in the literature. In this paper, we critically discuss the effects of smart specialization as the most recent regional policy strategy in Europe on solving the restructuring problems and deindustrialization in (former) old industrial regions and we illustrate our analysis with a view on the Ruhr in Germany. Since smart specialization focuses on existing endogenous potential and entrepreneurial discovery processes from the region, vested interests in (former) old industrial regions might hinder necessary restructuring. Although potentially path transformation might be fostered in some cases, overall, smart specialization is certainly not a quick fix for solving long-term negative effects of restructuring and deindustrialization in (former) old industrial regions.