bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of the Index COVID -19 Obstetric Patient at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital
Authors: Quincy Okojie Nkechiyerim , Ruth Ehiarimwian Oisamoje , Stanley Nte 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei province of China, November 2019. As at September 2020, over 28 million infections have been identified with almost a million deaths worldwide causing an alarming pandemic. Clinical presentations in pregnant patients with COVID-19 could be atypical with normal temperature (56%) and leukocytosis. This is further masked by the features of pregnancy.
We present the management of a COVID-19 parturient in our obstetric unit.
Case Report: A 32 year old unbooked G₃P₁⁺1 lady at 32 weeks who presented via referral from a private facility with a history of elevated blood pressure and ++ of protein in urine. Also, complaints of cough and difficulty with breathing. On examination she was noted to be anxious, afebrile, not pale, anicteric, acyanosed, not dehydrated. Had bilateral pedal oedema. Tachypnic with a respiratory rate of 28 cycles per min with basal crepitations. Pulse rate was 96bpm full and regular. Blood pressure was 180/100 mmHg. Heart sounds S₁S₂only.An impression of Chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia at 32 wks GA in a primipara with one previous CS with pulmonary edema. Keep in view COVID-19.
She was managed with oxygen, antihypertensives, steroids, while observing strict infection control protocol. She had an emergency caesarean section under subarachnoid block and was delivered of a live female neonate. A confirmatory positive result for covid-19 was obtained 24hrs later. Neonate was however negative. None of the staff became positive also.
Conclusion: The management of suspected cases of COVID-19 infection should be same as cases already confirmed. As the epidemic persists, numbers will continue to rise andhence our index of suspicion should be heightened. Pregnant women will also present with symptoms masked by the features of a sick parturient. Full complement of PPE must be worn by all staff attending to both confirmed and suspicious cases of COVID-19 infection and strict adherence to stated protocols must be observed.
Analysis of Effects of Foreign Clay and Local Clay Additives on Viscosity of Water Based Drilling Mud
Authors: Azinta Cyprian Obinna , Mbah Gordian Onyebuchi , Omotioma Monday 
Published: November 2021

This research compared the viscosity and other allied rheological properties of formulated water based drilling mud using local clay (that is modified with cheap and available additives) and foreign clay. These additives (such as xanthum gum, high viscosity polyanionic cellulose (PAC-R), modified natural polyanionic cellulose (PAC-L), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and barite) are added to enhance/control the rheological properties (such as density, viscosity, yield point and gel strength) of the drilling mud. In this work, the viscosity and other allied rheological properties of water based mud were improved by the use of locally sourced clay from Awgu in Enugu State. The local clay was beneficiated/treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and characterized using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The results of the characterization revealed that the local clay is more of silica which is typical of a kaolinitic clay. Local clay was examined as a possible replacement for foreign bentonite by comparing the rheological properties of water based mud (WBM) with bentonite and WBM with clay. Plastic viscosities (PV) of WBM with bentonite and WBM with clay were found to be 11.7 and 12.3 cP respectively. Other allied properties such as yield point, gel strength, pH and mud weight of WBM with bentonite and WBM with clay adequately compared closely. Laboratory analyses on the effects of three process variables (such as temperature, aging time and dosage of clay/bentonite) on the viscosity of the formulated muds were investigated. The laboratory results show that the readily available additives added to the local clay improved its viscosity and other allied rheological properties for effective drilling of oil and gas well when compared with foreign bentonite.
New dosimetric guidelines for linear Boltzmann transport equations through comparative evaluation of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung treatment planning
Authors: Webster Matthew , Tanny Sean , Joyce Neil , Herman Amy , Chen Yuhchyau , Milano Michael , Usuki Kenneth , Constine Louis , Singh Deepinder , Yeo Inhwan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo propose guidelines for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) when using Acuros XB (AXB) equivalent to the existing ones developed for convolution algorithms such as analytic anisotropic algorithm (AAA), considering the difference between the algorithms.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 30 lung patients previously treated with SBRT. The original AAA plans, which were developed using dynamic conformal arcs, were recalculated and then renormalized for planning target volume (PTV) coverage using AXB. The recalculated and renormalized plans were compared to the original plans based on V100% and V90% PTV coverage, as well as V105%, conformality index, D2cm, Rx/Dmax, R50, and Dmin. These metrics were analyzed nominally and on variations according to RTOG and NRG guidelines. Based on the relative difference between each metric in the AAA and AXB plans, new guidelines were developed. The relative differences in our cohort were compared to previously documented AAA to AXB comparisons found in the literature.ResultsAAA plans recalculated in AXB had a significant reduction in most dosimetric metrics. The most notable changes were in V100% (4%) and the conformality index (7.5%). To achieve equal PTV coverage, AXB required an average of 1.8% more monitor units (MU). This fits well with previously published data. Applying the new guidelines to the AXB plans significantly increased the number of minor violations with no change in major violations, making them comparable to those of the original AAA plans.ConclusionThe relative difference found between AAA and AXB for SBRT lung plans has been shown to be consistent with previous works. Based on these findings, new guidelines for lung SBRT are recommended when planning with AXB.
Plasmon Coupled Colloidal Gold Nanorods for Near‐Infrared and Short‐Wave‐Infrared Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Xiang Hengyang , Hu Zhelu , Xin Chenghao , Lin Hung‐Ju , Aigouy Lionel , Chen Zhuoying , Zhou Lei , Yuan Xiaojiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolution‐processed plasmonic colloidal gold nanorods (Au NRs) are promising candidates leading to new photodetection applications. While plasmonic Au NRs of a specific dimension will lead to a well‐defined optical extinction due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, in photodetection applications broadband functioning is often desired. In this work, a broadband optical extinction is achieved from λ = 400 to 2000 nm by coupling colloidal Au NRs of various dimensions in a thin film form. Such an Au NR thin film is further applied on a platinum (Pt) electrode to fabricate hybrid Au‐NR/Pt photodetectors. On these hybrid Au‐NRs/Pt devices, thanks to the plasmonic‐induced photothermal effect, a clear broadband photoresponse is demonstrated covering the near‐infrared (NIR) and short‐wave‐infrared (SWIR) spectrum from λ = 800 to 2000 nm, with a <200 µs fast photoresponse time. This work suggests that suitably coupled plasmonic colloidal Au NRs and their strong photothermal effect are promising strategies for the future development of low‐cost and broadband NIR/SWIR photodetection.
Symmetric “Double Spiro” Wide Energy Gap Hosts for Blue Phosphorescent OLED Devices
Authors: Ma Jie , Idris Muazzam , Li Tian Y. , Ravinson Daniel S. M. , Fleetham Tyler , Kim Jongchan , Djurovich Peter I. , Forrest Stephen R. , Thompson Mark E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWide energy gap materials dispiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐anthracene‐10′,9″‐fluorene] (SAS) and dispiro[xanthene‐9,9′‐anthracene‐10′,9″‐xanthene] (XAX) containing double spiro–carbons, are introduced as hosts for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Both SAS and XAX are free of heteroatomic exocyclic bonds, which are implicated in limiting the stability of blue PHOLEDs. The materials are synthesized in gram‐scale quantities through short and efficient paths. They have large energy gaps (≥5.0 eV) between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and correspondingly have high triplet energies in solid state (ET ≈ 3.0 eV). Analysis of devices using SAS and XAX as host materials with the blue phosphorescent dopant fac‐tris(N,N‐di‐p‐tolyl‐pyrizinoimidazol‐2‐yl)iridium(III) (Ir(tpz)3), shows that charges are transported and trapped by the dopant, which subsequently forms excitons directly on the phosphor. As a result, luminescence quenching pathways are suppressed which leads to blue phosphorescent devices with high (≈18%) external quantum efficiency. Thus, SAS and XAX serve as promising host materials, with high triplet energies suitable for blue PHOLEDs.
Recent Progress in Utilizing Upconversion Nanoparticles with Switchable Emission for Programmed Therapy
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Liu Yilin , Chen Yongming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based nanoplatforms have achieved significant progress in many fields during the past decades, and with the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, more and more complex situations need UCNPs based nanoplatforms due to their ability to load multiple molecules and also activate them independently when necessary. Only the UCNPs with switchable emission can meet this requirement. This review provides a summary of the optimization of synthetic approaches for the recently developed UCNPs with switchable emission and summarizes their various applications in programmed therapy. And also, the challenges and limitations UCNPs face and the potential solutions are discussed.
Ciliary Type III Adenylyl Cyclase in the VMH Is Crucial for High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity Mediated by Autophagy
Authors: Yang Dong , Wu Xiangbo , Wang Weina , Zhou Yanfen , Wang Zhenshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNeuronal primary cilia are crucial for body weight maintenance. Type III adenylyl cyclase (AC3) is abundantly enriched in neuronal cilia, and mice with global AC3 ablation are obese. However, whether AC3 regulates body weight through its ciliary expression and the mechanism underlying this potential regulation are not clear. In this study, humanized AC3 knock‐in mice that are resistant to high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity are generated, and increases in the number and length of cilia in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) are shown. It is demonstrated that mice with specifically knocked down ciliary AC3 expression in the VMH show pronounced HFD‐induced obesity. In addition, in vitro and in vivo analyses of the VMH show that ciliary AC3 regulates autophagy by binding an autophagy‐related gene, gamma‐aminobutyric acid A receptor‐associated protein (GABARAP). Mice with GABARAP knockdown in the VMH exhibit exacerbated HFD‐induced obesity. Overall, the findings may reveal a potential mechanism by which ciliary AC3 expression regulates body weight in the mouse VMH.
Minimizing the Voltage Loss in Hole‐Conductor‐Free Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Jiankang , Qiu Cheng , Li Sheng , Zhang Wenhao , Zhang Weihua , Wang Yifan , Qiu Zexiong , Wang Qifei , Yang Kai , Mei Anyi , Rong Yaoguang , Hu Yue , Han Hongwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe hole‐conductor‐free printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells based on the inorganic scaffolds of mesoporous titania, mesoporous zirconia, and porous carbon have attracted much attention due to their excellent stability and low manufacturing cost. However, in such hole‐conductor‐free devices, the transport of the photogenerated holes is dominated by the diffusion‐assisted charge carrier movement, while the driving force is insufficient. Reinforcing the built‐in electric field (BEF) is an effective strategy to promote oriented carrier transport. Herein, by using an optimized two‐step deposition method, the BEF is reinforced by creating a work function difference of perovskite (Δµ) in different layers via a gradient self‐doping. The enhanced BEF improves the hole transport and extraction, and significantly reduces the carrier recombination losses in the device. As a result, an average open‐circuit voltage improvement over 60 mV and a power conversion efficiency of 17.68% are achieved without any additives or complex processes. This strategy provides a new approach toward fabricating highly efficient printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with reduced carrier recombination losses.
Ultrathin In‐Plane Heterostructures for Efficient CO2 Chemical Fixation
Authors: Jin Sen , Shao Wei , Chen Shichuan , Li Lei , Shang Shu , Zhao Yan , Zhang Xiaodong , Xie Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into value‐added organics is regarded as a competitive and viable method in large scale industrial production, during which the catalysts with promoting CO2 activation ability are needed. Herein, we proposed an in‐plane heterostructure strategy to construct Lewis acid–base sites for efficient CO2 activation. By taking ultrathin in‐plane Cu2O/Cu heterostructures as a prototype, we show that Lewis acid‐base sites on heterointerface can facilitate a mixed C and O dual coordination on surface, which not only strengthen CO2 adsorption, but also effectively activate the inert molecules. As revealed by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Lewis acid‐base sites could readily activate CO2 to .CO2− species, which is the key intermediate radical for CO2 fixation. As a result, abundant Lewis acid–base sites endow Cu2O/Cu nanosheets with excellent performances for dimethyl carbonate generation, a high conversion yield of 28 % with nearly 100 % selectivity under mild conditions. This study provides a model structure for CO2 fixation reactions.
Designing A New Infrared Nonlinear Optical Material, β‐BaGa2Se4 Inspired by the Phase Transition of the BaB2O4 (BBO) Crystal
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Bian Qiang , Wu Hongping , Yu Hongwei , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInfrared nonlinear optical (IR NLO) crystals play a significant role in the development of IR laser technology. But rationally designing a new IR NLO crystal remains a huge challenge because of the unpredictability of inorganic structures. Herein, inspired by phase transformation of the famous BaB2O4 (BBO) crystal, a temperature‐induced centrosymmetric (CS) to noncentrosymmetric (NCS) transformation approach is employed in CS BaGa2Se4 to uncover a new NCS ternary chalcogenide, β‐BaGa2Se4 which can exhibit the well‐balanced NLO properties, including moderate phase‐matching SHG response (≈0.6×AgGaS2), high LDT (10×AgGaS2), and large birefringence (Δn=0.18 in the visible region). Therefore, β‐BaGa2Se4 will be a promising IR NLO crystal. The analysis for the structure‐property relationship shows that the excellent NLO properties of β‐BaGa2Se4 mainly originate from edge‐sharing GaSe4 tetrahedral chains, which are different from B3O6 groups in β‐BBO and respect a new direction for the design of IR NLO crystals. So, we believe that the current research provides not only a new IR NLO crystal but also some insights for the design of new IR NLO crystals.
Selective C(sp3)−N Bond Cleavage of N,N‐Dialkyl Tertiary Amines with the Loss of a Large Alkyl Group via an SN1 Pathway
Authors: Wu Jiaoyu , Li Linqiang , Liu Mengtian , Bai Lu , Luan Xinjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolar disconnection of the C(sp3)−N bond of N,N‐dialkyl‐substituted tertiary amines via ammonium species conventionally favored the loss of the smaller alkyl group by an SN2 displacement, while selective C(sp3)−N bond cleavage by cutting off the larger alkyl group is still underdeveloped. Herein, we present a novel Pd0‐catalyzed [2+2+1] annulation, proceeding through an alkyne‐directed palladacycle formation and consecutive diamination with a tertiary hydroxylamine by cleaving its N−O bond and one C(sp3)−N bond, for the rapid assembly of tricyclic indoles in a single‐step transformation. Noteworthy, experimental results indicated that large tert‐butyl and benzyl groups were selectively cleaved via an SN1 pathway, in the presence of a smaller alkyl group (Me, Et, iPr). Under the guidance of this new finding, tricyclic indoles bearing a removable alkyl group could be exclusively obtained by using a (α‐methyl)benzyl/benzyl or tert‐butyl/2‐(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl mixed amino source.
Antispasmodic and antimicrobial activities of pyrazole‐containing ferrocenyl alkanols versus their phenyl analogs, and the entry point to potential multitarget treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Nikolić Milica G. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Ranđelović Pavle , Stojanović Nikola M. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica , Jovanović Ljiljana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBM), such as Crohn's disease, and their common complications represent a global health challenge. Many pyrazole derivatives, such as the spasmolytic drug metamizole, have already found their place among the frequently used therapeutic agents. Alteration of the structure of established therapeutic drugs by introducing a ferrocene moiety was shown to be a promising way for the discovery of new drugs. Herein, two libraries of analogous ferrocenyl (1a‐1j) and phenyl alkanols (2a‐2j) containing a pyrazole core, among which 17 completely new structures, have been synthesized, and structurally and electrochemically characterized. These compounds, along with the aldehydes used for their synthesis, were tested in parallel for their antispasmodic, acetylcholinesterase‐inhibitory, and antimicrobial activities to evaluate their potential as multitarget IBM drugs. The antispasmodic activity was investigated by assessing their effect on both the amplitude and number of spontaneous contractions of isolated rat ileum. Their antimicrobial effect was evaluated against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains and fungi. It was found that several of the evaluated compounds displayed gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxant activity, among them, 1‐(1H‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1‐phenylpyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol (1d) showed a remarkable effect by superseding the activity of papaverine. Together with the fact that it represents one of the most antimicrobially active investigated compounds, 1d is a good candidate for further pharmacological evaluation as a multitarget drug for IBM.
The composition of edible oils modifies β‐sitosterol/γ‐oryzanol oleogels. Part I: Stripped triglyceride oils
Authors: Scharfe Maria , Prange Daniel , Flöter Eckhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe role of the fatty acid (FA) composition of triglycerides (TAGs) on sterol/sterol ester oleogels has been studied. Minor oil components of three vegetable oils with varying degrees of unsaturation (iodine values, IV) were removed. Typical oil quality parameters were determined before and after the treatment, and oleogels were produced using all six oils. Characteristic gel properties such as transition temperatures, mechanical properties and microstructure were tested. The results were compared regarding the impact of IV and the stripping procedure. Minor components were essentially removed during stripping, resulting in significantly different oil properties such as peroxide value, free FA and viscosity. However, peroxides formed rapidly in stripped flaxseed oil. Gel–sol transition temperatures and enthalpies were higher in gels from untreated oils and decreased with IV in samples with stripped oils. In contrast, the sol–gel transition was suppressed due to minor oil components in untreated oils. The effect of IV on gel formation was much less and linked to a lower solvent viscosity in more unsaturated oils. Nevertheless, gel firmness was significantly higher in oleogels from untreated oils and decreased slightly with IV in stripped oils. That was associated with differences in the arrangement of network building blocks, which was confirmed using atomic force microscopy. This study showed that the FA composition of TAGs has a limited effect on oleogel properties compared to those of minor oil components. The next part of this study focuses on modifying oleogel properties by adding selected minor components to stripped oils at varying concentrations.
Synthesis of polycarboxylate superplasticizer modified by β‐cyclodextrin for possessing clay tolerance
Authors: Li Yue , Li Hongwen , Jin Caiyun , Zhao Bingyin , Wu Yusheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPolycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) is widely used in concrete, but the clay content in the aggregate is increasing at present, which seriously weakens the dispersing function of PCE. Therefore, in order to lower the sensitivity of PCE to the clay, ‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was used for synthesizing anti‐clay polycarboxylate superplasticizers (AC‐PCE). Firstly, the clay tolerance property of AC‐PCE was explored by the fluidity and rheological test; then, the PCE was mixed with montmorillonite (MMT), and interaction mechanism was studied. The results showed that compared with the conventional polycarboxylate superplasticizer (CO‐PCE), an increase of 19.5% and 14.9% was observed in the fluidity of cement paste and mortar for AC‐PCE, indicating that the sensitivity of AC‐PCE to the clay was lower than that of CO‐PCE. Both CO‐PCE and AC‐PCE were adsorpted on MMT. XRD results showed that intercalation adsorption had occurred for both CO‐PCE and AC‐PCE. N2 adsorption results showed that although AC‐PCE was also inserted into the interlayer of MMT, its adsorption amount was lower than that of CO‐PCE due to steric hindrance from β‐CD, which increased the sorption level of the AC‐PCE on the cement clinkers particles. Therefore, the clay tolerance of PCE was enhanced significantly by β‐CD.
Metabonomics analysis of semen euphorbiae and semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum using UPLC–Q‐TOF/MS
Authors: Yang Ziye , Jiang Mingrui , Yue Zhuzhu , Wang Peihua , Wang Huinan , Zhang Guimei , Chen Mengyu , Zhang Jingqiu , Wang Zhicheng , Zhang Chao , Cao Yanhua , Wang Yingzi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemen Euphorbiae (SE), the dry and mature seed of Euphorbia lathyris L., a common traditional Chinese medicine, has significant pharmacological activity. However, its toxicity limits its clinical application, and less toxic Semen Euphorbiae Pulveratum (SEP) is often used clinically. To explore the possible mechanism of SE frost‐making and attenuation, this study used ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry to perform a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of serum and urine samples from rats treated with SE and SEP, and performed histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney and colon tissues. Meanwhile, the different metabolites were visualized through multivariate statistical analysis and the HMDB and KEGG databases were used to distinguish the differential metabolites of SE and SEP to reveal related metabolic pathways and their significance. In total, 32 potential biomarkers, 14 in serum and 18 in urine, were identified. The metabolic pathway analysis revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven other metabolic pathways were significantly altered. Importantly, compared with SE, SEP reduced the metabolic disorder related to endogenous components. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism, intestinal flora metabolites, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. This study provided new insights into the possible mechanism of SE freezing and attenuation.