bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearing of Hyalomma marginatum (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions in Morocco
Authors: Elhachimi Latifa , Valcárcel Félix , Olmeda Angeles S. , Elasatey Sabrine , Khattat Sarah E. , Daminet Sylvie , Sahibi Hamid , Duchateau Luc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHyalomma marginatum Koch is one of the main tick vectors of human and animal tick-borne diseases. The objective of this study was to establish standard procedures for rearing H. marginatum under laboratory conditions. Such laboratory tick populations are required to study acaricide resistance of Hyalomma ticks. In our rearing program, larvae and nymphs were fed on New Zealand white rabbits, whereas adults were fed on sheep. Non-parasitic stages were held at 18 and 28 °C to study the effect of temperature on development and survival. In our experiments, H. marginatum ticks have maintained the characteristics of a two-host life cycle. The engorged larvae did not detach and moulted on the rabbit, after which the emerged nymphs continued to feed on the same animal. The life cycle duration of H. marginatum was influenced by temperature, with each non-parasitic stage—i.e., larva and nymph molting—developing faster at 28 than at 18 °C; preoviposition and oviposition periods were shorter at 28 than at 18 °C. At 18 °C, no eggs hatched. The whole cycle from the collection of an engorged field tick until the emergence of second-generation larvae took 189 days. One such tick on average results in 3500 eggs which over time, taking into account the losses at each developmental stage, develop into 1200 adult ticks. Rearing these ticks a second generation therefore could result in millions of larval ticks.
Overexpression of a single ORF can extend chronological lifespan in yeast if retrograde signaling and stress response are stimulated
Authors: Pogoda Elzbieta , Tutaj Hanna , Pirog Adrian , Tomala Katarzyna , Korona Ryszard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSystematic collections of single-gene deletions have been invaluable in uncovering determinants of lifespan in yeast. Overexpression of a single gene does not have such a clear outcome as cancellation of its function but it can lead to a variety of imbalances, deregulations and compensations, and some of them could be important for longevity. We report an experiment in which a genome-wide collection of strains overexpressing a single gene was assayed for chronological lifespan (CLS). Only one group of proteins, those locating to the inner membrane and matrix of mitochondria, tended to extend CLS when abundantly overproduced. We selected two such strains—one overexpressing Qcr7 of the respiratory complex III, the other overexpressing Mrps28 of the small mitoribosomal subunit—and analyzed their transcriptomes. The uncovered shifts in RNA abundance in the two strains were nearly identical and highly suggestive. They implied a distortion in the co-translational assembly of respiratory complexes followed by retrograde signaling to the nucleus. The consequent reprogramming of the entire cellular metabolism towards the resistance to stress resulted in an enhanced ability to persist in a non-proliferating state. Our results show that surveillance of the inner mitochondrial membrane integrity is of outstanding importance for the cell. They also demonstrate that overexpression of single genes could be used effectively to elucidate the mitochondrion-nucleus crosstalk.
Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Wiguna , Brehm Joana Magos , Maxted Nigel , Phillips Jade , Contreras-Toledo Aremi R. , Faraji Mariam , Quijano Mauricio Parra 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.
A large and evolving cognate database
Authors: Batsuren Khuyagbaatar , Bella Gábor , Giunchiglia Fausto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe presentCogNet, a large-scale, automatically-built database of sense-taggedcognates—words of common origin and meaning across languages. CogNet is continuously evolving: its current version contains over 8 million cognate pairs over 338 languages and 35 writing systems, with new releases already in preparation. The paper presents the algorithm and input resources used for its computation, an evaluation of the result, as well as a quantitative analysis of cognate data leading to novel insights on language diversity. Furthermore, as an example on the use of large-scale cross-lingual knowledge bases for improving the quality of multilingual applications, we present a case study on the use of CogNet for bilingual lexicon induction in the framework of cross-lingual transfer learning.
Global costs of protecting against sea-level rise at 1.5 to 4.0 °C
Authors: Brown Sally , Jenkins Katie , Goodwin Philip , Lincke Daniel , Vafeidis Athanasios T. , Tol Richard S. J. , Jenkins Rhosanna , Warren Rachel , Nicholls Robert J. , Jevrejeva Svetlana , Arcilla Agustin Sanchez , Haigh Ivan D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSea levels will rise, even with stringent climate change mitigation. Mitigation will slow the rate of rise. There is limited knowledge on how the costs of coastal protection vary with alternative global warming levels of 1.5 to 4.0 °C. Analysing six sea-level rise scenarios (0.74 to 1.09 m, 50th percentile) across these warming levels, and five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, this paper quantifies the economic costs of flooding and protection due to sea-level rise using the Dynamic Interactive Vulnerability Assessment (DIVA) modelling framework. Results are presented for World Bank income groups and five selected countries from the present to 2100. Annual sea flood damage costs without additional adaptation are more influenced by socio-economic development than sea-level rise, indicating that there are opportunities to control risk with development choices. In contrast, annual sea dike investment costs are more dependent on the magnitude of sea-level rise. In terms of total costs with adaptation, upper middle, low middle and low income groups are projected to have higher relative costs as a proportion of GDP compared with high income groups. If low income countries protected now, flood costs could be reduced after 2050 and beyond. However, without further adaptation, their coasts will experience growing risks and costs leaving them increasingly reliant on emergency response measures. Without mitigation or adaptation, greater inequalities in damage costs between income groups could result. At country level, annual sea flood damage costs without additional adaptation are projected to rapidly increase with approximately 0.2 m of sea-level rise, leaving limited time to plan and adapt.
Alternative Axiomatization for Logics of Agency in a G3 Calculus
Authors: Negri Sara , Pavlović Edi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper, Negri and Pavlović (Studia Logica 1–35, 2020) have formulated a decidable sequent calculus for the logic of agency, specifically for a deliberative see-to-it-that modality, or dstit. In that paper the adequacy of the system is demonstrated by showing the derivability of the axiomatization of dstit from Belnap et al. (Facing the future: agents and choices in our indeterminist world. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001). And while the influence of the latter book on the study of logics of agency cannot be overstated, we note that this is not the only axiomatization of that modality available. In fact, an earlier (and arguably purer) one was offered in Xu (J Philosophical Logic 27(5):505–552, 1998). In this article we fill this lacuna by proving that this alternative axiomatization is likewise readily derivable in the system of Negri and Pavlović (Studia Logica 1–35, 2020).
Scalar curvature and the multiconformal class of a direct product Riemannian manifold
Authors: Roos Saskia , Otoba Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor a closed, connected direct product Riemannian manifold $$(M, g)=(M_1, g_1) \times \cdots \times (M_l, g_l)$$

(
M
,
g
)

=

(

M
1

,

g
1

)

×
⋯
×

(

M
l

,

g
l

)

, we define its multiconformal class $$ [\![ g ]\!]$$

[

[
g
]

]

as the totality $$\{f_1^2g_1\oplus \cdots \oplus f_l^2g_l\}$$

{

f
1
2

g
1

⊕
⋯
⊕

f
l
2

g
l

}

of all Riemannian metrics obtained from multiplying the metric $$g_i$$

g
i

of each factor $$M_i$$

M
i

by a positive function $$f_i$$

f
i

on the total space M. A multiconformal class $$ [\![ g ]\!]$$

[

[
g
]

]

contains not only all warped product type deformations of g but also the whole conformal class $$[\tilde{g}]$$

[

g
~

]

of every $$\tilde{g}\in [\![ g ]\!]$$

g
~

∈

[

[
g
]

]

. In this article, we prove that $$ [\![ g ]\!]$$

[

[
g
]

]

contains a metric of positive scalar curvature if and only if the conformal class of some factor $$(M_i, g_i)$$

(

M
i

,

g
i

)

does, under the technical assumption $$\dim M_i\ge 2$$

dim

M
i

≥
2

. We also show that, even in the case where every factor $$(M_i, g_i)$$

(

M
i

,

g
i

)

has positive scalar curvature, $$ [\![ g ]\!]$$

[

[
g
]

]

contains a metric of scalar curvature constantly equal to $$-1$$

-
1

and with arbitrarily large volume, provided $$l\ge 2$$

l
≥
2

and $$\dim M\ge 3$$

dim
M
≥
3

.
Characterization of a landslide-triggered debris flow at a rainforest-covered mountain region in Brazil
Authors: Cabral Victor Carvalho , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , D’Affonseca Fernando Mazo , Lucía Ana , dos Santos Corrêa Claudia Vanessa , Veloso Vinicius , Gramani Marcelo Fischer , Ogura Agostinho Tadashi , Lazaretti Andrea Fregolente , Vemado Felipe , Pereira Filho Augusto José , dos Santos Claudia Cristina , Lopes Eymar Silva Sampaio , Rabaco Lis Maria Reoni , do Carmo Giordano Lucilia , Zarfl Christiane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDebris flows represent great hazard to humans due to their high destructive power. Understanding their hydrogeomorphic dynamics is fundamental in hazard assessment studies, especially in subtropical and tropical regions where debris flows have scarcely been studied when compared to other mass-wasting processes. Thus, this study aims at systematically analyzing the meteorological and geomorphological factors that characterize a landslide-triggered debris flow at the Pedra Branca catchment (Serra do Mar, Brazil), to quantify the debris flow’s magnitude, peak discharge and velocity. A magnitude comparison with empirical equations (Italian Alps, Taiwan, Serra do Mar) is also conducted. The meteorological analysis is based on satellite data and rain gauge measurements, while the geomorphological characterization is based on terrestrial and aerial investigations, with high spatial resolution. The results indicate that it was a large-sized stony debris flow, with a total magnitude of 120,195 m3, a peak discharge of 2146.7 m3 s−1 and a peak velocity of 26.5 m s−1. The debris flow was triggered by a 188-mm rainfall in 3 h (maximum intensity of 128 mm h−1), with an estimated return period of 15 to 20 years, which, combined with the intense accumulation of on-channel debris (ca. 37,000 m3), indicates that new high-magnitude debris flows in the catchment and the region are likely to occur within the next two decades. The knowledge of the potential frequency and magnitude (F–M) can support the creation of F–M relationships for Serra do Mar, a prerequisite for reliable hazard management and monitoring programs.
Measuring intra-generational redistribution in PAYG pension schemes
Authors: Klos Jonas , Krieger Tim , Stöwhase Sven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVoters in ageing societies expect pension reforms to be both inter-generationally and intra-generationally fair. In this paper, we propose a global measure of intra-generational redistribution in pay-as-you-go pension schemes as a basis for voters’ evaluations of reforms. Our novel index only requires information on contributions by and pension benefits paid to retirees, enabling us to measure intra-generational redistribution isolated from possible inter-generational redistribution. We rely on the contribution records of approximately 100,000 Germans, who progressed into retirement in 2007–2015, to measure the level of intra-generational redistribution in the German statutory pension scheme (GRV). A recent reform of the childcare benefit provision, which became effective in 2014, confirms the predictions of our index. The reform introduced additional benefits for a substantial subgroup of German mothers, owing to which the index value for women, but not for men, jumps up. Our findings suggests that GRV fulfills the ideal of a Bismarckian pension system without intra-generational redistribution for men, while women benefit significantly from intra-generational redistribution.
Doing good when doing well: evidence on real earnings management
Authors: Grieser William , Hadlock Charles J. , Pierce Joshua R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe provide evidence on earnings management by exploiting temporary exogenous shocks to utility firms’ sales arising from weather variation. We find that sample firms’ sales are highly sensitive to annual changes in average temperatures in the region where the firm operates, but this sensitivity disappears quickly as one moves down the income statement. This evidence, while indirect, is suggestive of earnings management activities. In search of direct evidence, we study charitable giving decisions by sample firms and uncover a significant positive sensitivity of charitable spending to weather-driven demand shocks, behavior that is highly consistent with the presence of real earnings management efforts. We find no convincing evidence supporting possible alternative explanations for this evidence, but we do find limited support for the presence of a larger giving–weather relation when earnings management incentives are likely to be elevated. If other real decisions with similar characteristics scale proportionally to charitable giving, our findings suggest that the overall magnitude of real earnings management activities could be quite substantial.
Targeted Value-Enhancing Advertising and Price Competition
Authors: Pepall Lynne , Richards Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDigital markets provide firms with vast amounts of consumer data. Economists who have explored this phenomenon have focused on how firms use data to implement price discrimination. Targeted advertising in this context transmits different price information to different consumers. However, advertising is itself often valued by consumers, and can be viewed as a complement to the advertised product. Such advertising may also be customized and targeted. We investigate how targeted value-enhancing advertising affects competition. Competing for consumers with targeted advertising leads overall to higher prices and increases consumer surplus but reduces profitability. In certain markets the advertising is inefficiently over-supplied.
Mixing Matrix-corrected Whole-body Pharmacokinetic Modeling Using Longitudinal Micro-computed Tomography and Fluorescence-mediated Tomography
Authors: Zuo Simin , Al Rawashdeh Wa’el , Rosenhain Stefanie , Magnuska Zuzanna , Gyamfuah Yamoah Grace , Kiessling Fabian , Gremse Felix 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Pharmacokinetic modeling can be applied to quantify the kinetics of fluorescently labeled compounds using longitudinal micro-computed tomography and fluorescence-mediated tomography (μCT-FMT). However, fluorescence blurring from neighboring organs or tissues and the vasculature within tissues impede the accuracy in the estimation of kinetic parameters. Contributions of elimination and retention activities of fluorescent probes inside the kidneys and liver can be hard to distinguish by a kinetic model. This study proposes a deconvolution approach using a mixing matrix to model fluorescence contributions to improve whole-body pharmacokinetic modeling.

Procedures
In the kinetic model, a mixing matrix was applied to unmix the fluorescence blurring from neighboring tissues and blood vessels and unmix the fluorescence contributions of elimination and retention in the kidney and liver compartments. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters of the hepatobiliary and renal elimination routes and five major retention sites (the kidneys, liver, bone, spleen, and lung) were investigated in simulations and in an in vivo study. In the latter, the pharmacokinetics of four fluorescently labeled compounds (indocyanine green (ICG), HITC-iodide-microbubbles (MB), Cy7-nanogels (NG), and OsteoSense 750 EX (OS)) were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice.

Results
In the simulations, the corrected modeling resulted in lower relative errors and stronger linear relationships (slopes close to 1) between the estimated and simulated parameters, compared to the uncorrected modeling. For the in vivo study, MB and NG showed significantly higher hepatic retention rates (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively), while OS had smaller renal and hepatic retention rates (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). Additionally, the bone retention rate of OS was significantly higher (P<0.01).

Conclusions
The mixing matrix correction improves pharmacokinetic modeling and thus enables a more accurate assessment of the biodistribution of fluorescently labeled pharmaceuticals by μCT-FMT.
Generation of Reverse Meniscus Flow by Applying An Electromagnetic Brake
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexander , Kharicha Abdellah , Karimi-Sibaki Ebrahim , Wu Menghuai , Ludwig Andreas , Nitzl Gerald , Tang Yong , Hackl Gernot , Watzinger Josef , Eckert Sven 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A numerical study is presented that deals with the flow in the mold of a continuous slab caster under the influence of a DC magnetic field (electromagnetic brakes (EMBrs)). The arrangement and geometry investigated here is based on a series of previous experimental studies carried out at the mini-LIMMCAST facility at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). The magnetic field models a ruler-type EMBr and is installed in the region of the ports of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN). The current article considers magnet field strengths up to 441 mT, corresponding to a Hartmann number of about 600, and takes the electrical conductivity of the solidified shell into account. The numerical model of the turbulent flow under the applied magnetic field is implemented using the open-source CFD package OpenFOAM®. Our numerical results reveal that a growing magnitude of the applied magnetic field may cause a reversal of the flow direction at the meniscus surface, which is related the formation of a “multiroll” flow pattern in the mold. This phenomenon can be explained as a classical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect: (1) the closure of the induced electric current results not primarily in a braking Lorentz force inside the jet but in an acceleration in regions of previously weak velocities, which initiates the formation of an opposite vortex (OV) close to the mean jet; (2) this vortex develops in size at the expense of the main vortex until it reaches the meniscus surface, where it becomes clearly visible. We also show that an acceleration of the meniscus flow must be expected when the applied magnetic field is smaller than a critical value. This acceleration is due to the transfer of kinetic energy from smaller turbulent structures into the mean flow. A further increase in the EMBr intensity leads to the expected damping of the mean flow and, consequently, to a reduction in the size of the upper roll. These investigations show that the Lorentz force cannot be reduced to a simple damping effect; depending on the field strength, its action is found to be topologically complex.
Steroid Receptor Coactivator 3 Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampus-dependent Memory
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Zhao Bing , Yang Pin , Du Yin-Quan , Han Wei , Xu Jianming , Yin Dong-Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSteroid hormones play important roles in brain development and function. The signaling of steroid hormones depends on the interaction between steroid receptors and their coactivators. Although the function of steroid receptor coactivators has been extensively studied in other tissues, their functions in the central nervous system are less well investigated. In this study, we addressed the function of steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) – a member of the p160 SRC protein family that is expressed predominantly in the hippocampus. While hippocampal development was not altered in Src3+/− mice, hippocampus-dependent functions such as short-term memory and spatial memory were impaired. We further demonstrated that the deficient learning and memory in Src3+/− mice was strongly associated with the impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer Collateral-CA1 synapses. Mechanistic studies indicated that Src3+/− mutation altered the composition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in the postsynaptic densities of hippocampal neurons. Finally, we showed that SRC3 regulated synaptic plasticity and learning mainly dependent on its lysine acetyltransferase activity. Taken together, these results reveal previously unknown functions of SRC3 in the hippocampus and thus may provide insight into how steroid hormones regulate brain function.