bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trap-Talk: la Nuova Via della Seta nella dinamica della crescita economica cinese
Authors: Garruccio Roberta 
Published: June 2021

The contribution addresses the question how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been representented in the field of political economy. This discipline has highlighted two challenges for the BRI, respectively labelled as middle-income trap and Thucydides trap. The article will then show how these two challenges emerged in the Western discourse and were related to the Chinese economic growth, but also how and how quickly they were taken up by the Chinese leadership, which presented the BRI as an answer to both traps.
Dopo la Via della Seta e prima delle Nuove Vie della Seta. Il viaggio in Cina di Carla Novellis di Coarazze (1906-1907)
Authors: Piastra Stefano 
Published: June 2021

The paper analyzes geo-historical, topographical and perceptive issues of the travel diary by Carla Novellis di Coarazze (1865-?), née Dreyfus, of Hungarian origin, in China from November 1906 to January 1907 together with her husband, Italian Baron Carlo Maria Novellis di Coarazze (1855-1916), commander on board of the cruiser Marco Polo of the Italian Royal Navy. This travelogue, still unpublished, is now conserved in the Italian National Diary Archive, based in Pieve Santo Stefano (Province of Arezzo). In the framework of her Chinese stay, Carla Novellis describes mostly the quasi-colonial environment of the ‘Old Shanghai’ at the beginning of the 20th century, but also Suzhou and Guangzhou. The paper georeferences and discusses places of the above mentioned cities, quoted by Novellis in her diary.
Leaves of Stereospermum suaveolens DC Exhibit Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Potential Action in Experimental Animals
Authors: Chanshetti R. R. , Bandawane D. D. 
Published: June 2021

Aim: The experimental investigation of current research work was to identify traditional rich claim of Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential action in animals.
Study design: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves evaluated at 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg (p.o.) doses for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity.
Methodology: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated for phytochemical investigation for total flavonoid content using UV spectroscopy and TLC study. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema (Acute method) and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced chronic arthritis in wistar rats were used as an animal models to claim Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential. The rat paw volume and percentage inhibition of the paw edema were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The assessments of arthritis in rats were measured by haematological values and radiological examinations.
Result: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves showed presence of total flavonoids and saponins. The significant inhibition in paw volume and edema (p < .01) obtained at 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg oral dose. These obtained results were established confirmation outcome for presence of rich flavonoid contents in Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves and provides valuable source of bioactive phytocomponents.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves showed significant inhibition of inflammatory reaction as compared to standard drug indomethacin Sterospermum Suaveolens DC leaves were showed potential therapeutic role in treatment of inflammation and arthritis cases.
Implications of Aerobic Exercises and Walking Parallel to Diabetes Medications on Diabetic Sportspersons
Authors: Ayub Fehmida , Naseer Abida , Javed Saeed , Asghar Adnan , Shariff Abd Rahim Mohd , Ali Hafiz Shamshad , Nazar Naila , Ashraf Imtiaz , Yasin Sabita , Sher Ali , Javed Waheed 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes.
Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments.
Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control.
Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.
Belief on Witchcraft and Killing of People with Albinism in Lack Victoria Zone, Tanzania
Authors: Kayombo Edmund J. 
Published: June 2021

Killing of people with albinism and old people has been featuring in Tanzania mass media and worldwide. The main cause of killing old people and people with albinism is witchcraft beliefs. Old women are reported to be killing grand children; whereas people with albinism were believed their part of the body when added with other potent traditional remedies brings fortune and prosperous. Witchcraft cannot be denied in indigenous African communities; however there might be other factors unexplored that lead to killing old people and people with albinism. The aim of this paper is to explore other factors that contribute to killing old people and people with albinism.
Methodology: The study was carried in Lake Victoria zone, Tanzania using qualitative research methods. The main focus were to explore factors that lead to killing old people and people with albinism in addition to current belief of witchcraft. The collected information were analyzed using qualitatively techniques
Results: The findings have shown any health problems including death need explanations that were sought through ramli. The ramli showed old people especially old women were noted to be killing grand children by witchcraft means. Other factors like wealth acquisition, jealous, misunderstanding in the day to day activities were also repotted. Whereas killing of people with albinism were due to the belief of that part of their body when added with potent traditional remedies brought fortune and prosperous to one requested. In addition it was noted that people with albinism were seen as bad omen or curse and were not wanted to leave.
Lack of education on causes of health problems and people with albinism seemed to contribute to this problem. Public health education on causes of health problem and lack melanin to people with albinism which is important for skin pigmentation is needed
Kosmotoga
Authors: L'Haridon Stéphane , Nesbø Camilla , Farrell Anne , Zhaxybayeva Olga 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Kos.mo.to'ga. Gr. masc. n.
kosmos
universe or world; L. fem. n.
toga
, a Roman outer garment; N.L. fem. n.
Kosmotoga
a worldly toga, referring to the diverse environments inhabited by members of this
Thermotogota
genus (oil reservoirs, marine hydrothermal sediments, hydrothermal vents, and crustal fluids).

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Kosmotogales / Kosmotogaceae / Kosmotoga

The genus
Kosmotoga
comprises
anaerobic thermophilic heterotrophs
, with optimum growth temperatures of 60–70°C, optimal pH of 7.0, and optimal salinities between 1.5 and 3.0 (NaCl w/v%). These bacteria reduce
sulfur, thiosulfate, or cystine to H

2

S
. The cells are Gram‐negative, and diverse morphologies are observed, from short rods to cocci.
Kosmotoga
spp. are members of the phylum
Thermotogota
, class
Thermotogae
, order
Kosmotogales
, and family
Kosmotogaceae
. The genus currently consists of four described species:
Kosmotoga arenicorallina
,
Kosmotoga olearia
,
Kosmotoga pacifica
, and
Kosmotoga shengliensis
. Known habitats are oil reservoirs, hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, and crustal fluids.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.4–42.5.

Type species
:
Kosmotoga olearia
DiPippo et al. 2009
VP
.
CandidatusNitrosopelagicus
Authors: Santoro Alyson E. , Bayer Barbara , Elling Felix J. , Pearson Ann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNi.tro.so.pe.la'gi.cus. N.L. masc. adj.nitrosusnitrous; L. masc. adj.pelagicusof the open sea; N.L. masc. n.Nitrosopelagicusa nitrite producer of the open sea.Thermoproteota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrososphaerales / Nitrosopumilaceae / Candidatus NitrosopelagicusThe genusCandidatusNitrosopelagicus is composed of marine ammonia‐oxidizing archaea, almost all of which are uncultivated. They are found in shallow waters (<200 m depth) of the oligotrophic tropical, subtropical, and temperate open oceans. A single species has been described,CandidatusNitrosopelagicus brevis, which couples growth with the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. One described strain (Ca. N. brevis U25) is capable of hydrolyzing urea to supply the ammonia required for growth. Cells are obligately aerobic, small, and nonmotile rods. They grow free‐living, not associated with surfaces. No growth enhancement has been observed in the presence of organic carbon compounds; a reduction in the lag phase of growth has been observed with addition of α‐ketoacids, potentially serving as radical oxygen scavengers. Organisms are mesophilic and obligately marine. Lipid composition distinguishesCa. Nitrosopelagicus fromNitrosopumilususing glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions, with lower amounts of GDGT‐2 and higher amounts of GDGT‐0 and GDGT‐1 found inCa. Nitrosopelagicus. Abundance ofCa. Nitrospelagicus‐like organisms is correlated with nitrification rates, suggesting that these organisms are the dominant ammonia oxidizers in epipelagic and upper mesopelagic environments of the low‐ and mid‐latitude open oceans.DNA G + C content (mol%): 33.1.Type species:CandidatusNitrosopelagicus brevisSantoro et al. 2015.
Deep learning‐based synthetic CT generation for MR‐only radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients with 0.35T MRI linear accelerator
Authors: Farjam Reza , Nagar Himanshu , Kathy Zhou Xi , Ouellette David , Chiara Formenti Silvia , DeWyngaert J. Keith 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo develop a deep learning model to generate synthetic CT for MR‐only radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients treated with 0.35 T MRI linear accelerator.Materials and MethodsA U‐NET convolutional neural network was developed to translate 0.35 T TRUFI MRI into electron density map using a novel cost function equalizing the contribution of various tissue types including fat, muscle, bone, and background air in training. The impact of training time, dataset size, image standardization, and data augmentation approaches was also quantified. Mean absolute error (MAE) between synthetic and planning CTs was calculated to measure the goodness of the model.ResultsWith 20 patients in training, our U‐NET model has the potential to generate synthetic CT with a MAE of about 29.68 ± 4.41, 16.34 ± 2.67, 23.36 ± 2.85, and 105.90 ± 22.80 HU over the entire body, fat, muscle, and bone tissues, respectively. As expected, we found that the number of patients used for training and MAE are nonlinearly correlated. Data augmentation and our proposed loss function were effective to improve MAE by ~9% and ~18% in bony voxels, respectively. Increasing the training time and image standardization did not improve the accuracy of the model.ConclusionA U‐NET model has been developed and tested numerically to generate synthetic CT from 0.35T TRUFI MRI for MR‐only radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients. Dosimetric evaluation using a large and independent dataset warrants the validity of the proposed model and the actual number of patients needed for the safe usage of the model in routine clinical workflow.
Some Colours: Unravelling Thesis Constructions
Authors: Kulper Perry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerry Kulper, Associate Professor at the University of Michigan, has a long, distinguished history and expertise in training student architects to think outside the confines of the standard architectural protocols of both space making and representation. Here he outlines the approach to tutelage that he uses to encourage his students to explore new techniques and tactics for creating work – one that is calm and nurturing, yet ambitious.
Accelerating Towards Abundance: Planetary Strategies in the Era of the Anthropocene
Authors: Douglis Evan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBased at Troy in Upstate New York, the School of Architecture at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is directed by Dean Evan Douglis. He describes the school's worldview and the challenges that architecture must help to solve. Evoking the influence of characters such as Lebbeus Woods and Buckminster Fuller on the school's mission, he takes us on a journey through some of the recent high points of the student output in his professional and graduate research programmes.
The Allegorical Architectural Project: Provocateurs, Propositions and Confrontations
Authors: Brown Daniel K 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDaniel K Brown, Professor of Design Studio (Architecture) at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, knows how to nurture his students into producing extraordinary work. He uses a narrative point of departure for each project, instilling spatial imagination provoked by literary presences. He is a great believer in the power of architectural drawing and modelling as well as the ‘word’ – whether poetry or prose. The combination of these notions creates a heady mix of ambiances in the studio's output.
Adaptive Coatings with Anticorrosion and Antibiofouling Properties
Authors: Yimyai Tiwa , Thiramanas Raweewan , Phakkeeree Treethip , Iamsaard Supitchaya , Crespy Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiofouling on surfaces immersed in aquatic environment induces catastrophic corrosion of metallic materials in petrochemical infrastructures, maritime facilities, and power plants. To combat the synergistic effect of biofouling and corrosion on the deterioration of metallic materials, smart coatings possessing a dual function of antibiofouling and anticorrosion properties are needed. Herein, redox‐responsive copolymer conjugates are synthesized and employed as coatings with the dual function of biofouling and corrosion mitigation. The dual function of copolymers is attributed to fluorinated units and the corrosion inhibitor 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) conjugated via disulfide linkages. Indeed, the disulfide linkages can be cleaved in a reducing environment, yielding controlled release of the corrosion inhibitor MBT during corrosion process. The antibiofouling action against protein adsorption and algal attachment is enabled by cooperation of the repellent characteristic of fluorinated moieties and the biocidal effect of conjugated MBT.
Recent Progress in Proximity Coupling of Magnetism to Topological Insulators
Authors: Bhattacharyya Semonti , Akhgar Golrokh , Gebert Matthew , Karel Julie , Edmonds Mark T. , Fuhrer Michael S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInducing long‐range magnetic order in 3D topological insulators can gap the Dirac‐like metallic surface states, leading to exotic new phases such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect or the axion insulator state. These magnetic topological phases can host robust, dissipationless charge and spin currents or unique magnetoelectric behavior, which can be exploited in low‐energy electronics and spintronics applications. Although several different strategies have been successfully implemented to realize these states, to date these phenomena have been confined to temperatures below a few Kelvin. This review focuses on one strategy: inducing magnetic order in topological insulators by proximity of magnetic materials, which has the capability for room temperature operation, unlocking the potential of magnetic topological phases for applications. The unique advantages of this strategy, the important physical mechanisms facilitating magnetic proximity effect, and the recent progress to achieve, understand, and harness proximity‐coupled magnetic order in topological insulators are discussed. Some emerging new phenomena and applications enabled by proximity coupling of magnetism and topological materials, such as skyrmions and the topological Hall effect, are also highlighted, and the authors conclude with an outlook on remaining challenges and opportunities in the field.
Halide Perovskite Precursors Dope PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Sandrez Simon , Molenda Zuzanna , Guyot Claire , Renault Olivier , Barnes Jean‐Paul , Hirsch Lionel , Maindron Tony , Wantz Guillaume 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHalide perovskite semiconductors find use in a broad range of optoelectronic applications including photovoltaic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. In such devices the semiconductor is sandwiched in between interlayers for charge transport, extraction, or injection. When it comes to hole transport layers, the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS has become an ubiquitous material. The halide perovskite thin film is commonly obtained by crystallization of precursors using solution processing on top of PEDOT:PSS. It is demonstrated here that such a widely spread technique is actually affecting the electrical properties of the underlying conducting polymer. The halide perovskite layer and precursors are drastically doping the PEDOT:PSS, its conductivity being increased by two orders of magnitude from 0.2 to 20 S cm−1. The depth of penetration of halide dopants is determined to be higher than 150 nm, superior to the usual thickness of PEDOT:PSS films. This phenomenon has important impact on diode leakage currents, on emission patterns of perovskite LEDs and on overestimated photocurrent density in perovskite solar cells embedding the PEDOT:PSS interlayer.
Prospection of genotypes resistant to black spot in half‐sib families of papaya
Authors: Chagas José Tiago Barroso , Vivas Marcelo , Moraes Ramon De , Francelino Helenilson de Oliveira , Jorge Tiago Silva , Santa‐Catarina Renato , Amaral Júnior Antônio Teixeira do , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Pereira Messias Gonzaga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya L.) breeding is a complex task; furthermore, Carica papaya has a sexual chromosome and is difficult to make crosses. One of the most critical papaya crop diseases is black spot, which is caused by Asperisporium caricae (Speg.) MaublSince . Therefore, we used half‐sib families to combine genetic gains on the yield and resistance traits to papaya black spot. In this scenario, the present study proposed to select papaya genotypes more resistant to black spot from half‐sib families. Five parents with superior attributes related to black spot resistance were pollinated with a pollen mixture from five parents considered “elite” for agronomic traits, thus generating five half‐sib families. The half‐sib families were evaluated for black spot resistance in a greenhouse with two control cultivars (‘Golden’ and ‘Maradol’), for 75 d, at 15‐d intervals, totaling five evaluations. The families exhibited genetic variability for all traits associated with disease resistance, surpassing even the Golden and Maradol controls. The traits associated with severity by papaya black spot are more efficient to distinguish resistance genotypes using principal components analysis, like mean incidence of black spot (MSBS) (cos² = 0.794) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) (cos² = 0.697). The recommended progeny for resistance to black spot are M‐1.4, M‐1.5, M‐3.1, M‐3.3, M‐2.5, and M‐4.5, as they showed lower values of mean severity of black spot, MIBS, and AUDPC. These progenies from half‐sib families overcame the resistant control genotype Maradol as potential to combining resistance to papaya black spot with superior agronomic traits.
Pathogenic MAST3 Variants in the STK Domain Are Associated with Epilepsy
Authors: Spinelli Egidio , Christensen Kyle R. , Bryant Emily , Schneider Amy , Rakotomamonjy Jennifer , Muir Alison M. , Giannelli Jessica , Littlejohn Rebecca O. , Roeder Elizabeth R. , Schmidt Berkley , Wilson William G. , Marco Elysa J. , Iwama Kazuhiro , Kumada Satoko , Pisano Tiziana , Barba Carmen , Vetro Annalisa , Brilstra Eva H. , van Jaarsveld Richard H. , Matsumoto Naomichi , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassa , Carney Patrick W. , Andrews P. Ian , El Achkar Christelle M. , Berkovic Sam , Rodan Lance H. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN), McWalter Kirsty , Guerrini Renzo , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Mefford Heather C. , Mandelstam Simone , Laux Linda , Millichap John J. , Guemez‐Gamboa Alicia , Nairn Angus C. , Carvill Gemma L. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe MAST family of microtubule‐associated serine–threonine kinases (STKs) have distinct expression patterns in the developing and mature human and mouse brain. To date, only MAST1 has been conclusively associated with neurological disease, with de novo variants in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder, including a mega corpus callosum.MethodsUsing exome sequencing, we identify MAST3 missense variants in individuals with epilepsy. We also assess the effect of these variants on the ability of MAST3 to phosphorylate the target gene product ARPP‐16 in HEK293T cells.ResultsWe identify de novo missense variants in the STK domain in 11 individuals, including 2 recurrent variants p.G510S (n = 5) and p.G515S (n = 3). All 11 individuals had developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, with 8 having normal development prior to seizure onset at <2 years of age. All patients developed multiple seizure types, 9 of 11 patients had seizures triggered by fever and 9 of 11 patients had drug‐resistant seizures. In vitro analysis of HEK293T cells transfected with MAST3 cDNA carrying a subset of these patient‐specific missense variants demonstrated variable but generally lower expression, with concomitant increased phosphorylation of the MAST3 target, ARPP‐16, compared to wild‐type. These findings suggest the patient‐specific variants may confer MAST3 gain‐of‐function. Moreover, single‐nuclei RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry shows that MAST3 expression is restricted to excitatory neurons in the cortex late in prenatal development and postnatally.InterpretationIn summary, we describe MAST3 as a novel epilepsy‐associated gene with a potential gain‐of‐function pathogenic mechanism that may be primarily restricted to excitatory neurons in the cortex. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:274–284