bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia and outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tang Kefu , Wu Lei , Luo Ying , Gong Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe disease spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) varies from asymptomatic infection to critical illness and death. Identification of prognostic markers is vital for predicting progression and clinical practice. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA, known as RNAemia, has been detected in the blood. However, the potential clinical value of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia remains unknown. We, therefore, conducted a meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia as well as summary strength of RNAemia in association with disease severity and unfavorable clinical outcomes. A total of 21 studies involving 2181 patients were included. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia in COVID‐19 patients varied from 9.4% to 74.1%, with a pooled estimate of 34% (95% confidene interval [CI]: 26%–43%). Overall, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia was associated with COVID‐19 severity with odds ratio (OR) of 5.43 (95% CI: 3.46–8.53). In addition, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia was a significant risk factor for unfavorable clinical outcomes (OR = 6.54, 95% CI: 3.82–11.21). The summary OR was 4.28 (95% CI: 2.20–8.33) for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, 11.07 (95% CI: 5.60–21.88) for mortality. Furthermore, RNAemia was also a significant risk factor for invasive mechanical ventilation and multiple organ failure. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia is associated with disease severity, ICU admission, death in COVID‐19, and may serve as a clinical predictor. More prospective trials in evaluating the potential of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNAemia as a prognostic indicator are necessary.
Understanding the career and job outcomes of contemporary career attitudes within the context of career environments: An integrative meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Christina S. , Goering Daniel D. , Montanye Michael R. , Su Rong 
Published: February 2021

SummaryThe number of empirical studies on contemporary career attitudes (e.g., protean and boundaryless career orientation) has grown in volume, and yet our understanding of how these attitudes relate to career and job outcomes is rather limited. There are inconsistent findings on these career attitudes and their outcomes. The purpose of this review is to integrate the two core arguments that explain this inconsistency: (1) there is a need for greater construct clarity in the attitudes, and (2) the current career environment has not seen a complete dissolution of the conditions underlying traditional, employer‐centric careers. We begin to develop an integrative conceptual framework to explain the effects of contemporary career attitudes and conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis of these attitude constructs with their outcomes and correlates. Results of the meta‐analysis generally provided support for the explanation that the current career environment is a blend of employer‐ and employee‐centric elements, and the greater conceptual distance a contemporary career attitude dimension has from this blended environment and is towards a more purely employee‐centric environment, the less beneficial it will be to outcomes. Drawing from our findings, we provide a systematic guide highlighting the areas where additional research is needed on the study of contemporary career attitudes.
The phosphorus status of German cropland—An inventory of top‐ and subsoils
Authors: Gocke Martina I. , Don Axel , Heidkamp Arne , Schneider Florian , Amelung Wulf 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: In search for more sustainable crop production, the subsoil has recently come into focus as considerable reservoir of nutrients and water.Aims: Dimensions of subsoil phosphorus (P) reserves are yet largely unknown but crucial for identifying regions suitable to include subsoil into sustainable management strategies.Methods: We analyzed stocks of total and plant‐available (calcium acetate lactate‐extractable) P in 96 representative soil profiles of German arable land down to 1 m depth.Results: We found that the German arable soils stored, on average, 8 t ha−1 of total P, of which nearly 500 kg ha−1 were readily plant‐available. Notably, one third of plant‐available P was located below the plow layer and one fifth even at depths below 0.5 m. The depth gradients of plant‐available P stocks were affected more by major reference soil group than by texture. Generally, Chernozem but also Anthrosol, Gleysol and Fluvisol exhibited the largest P stocks in German cropland. The contribution of plant‐available P to total P stocks was larger in sandy and extremely acidic (pH < 4.5) soils compared with more fine‐grained and slightly acidic to alkaline soils, possibly because fertilization compensated for overall lower total P stocks at these sites. Generally, the more P was stored in topsoils, the more P was stored also in subsoils.Conclusions: A hypothetical crop utilization of 10% from plant‐available P stocks and 0.1% from total P stocks from shallow subsoil could compensate for P fertilization by ca. 8 kg ha−1, but the rate of plant‐available P replenishment in subsoil likely remains the crucial factor for the role of subsoil P stocks in crop nutrition. Generally, the large P reserves found in subsoil could act as an ‘insurance' system for crops.
Potassium isotherm partitioning based on modified quantity‐intensity relation and potassium buffering characterization of soils of North India
Authors: Bangroo Shabir A. , Kirmani Nayar A. , Bhat Mohammad A. , Wani Javaid A. , Iqbal Asif M. , Dar Zahoor A. , Mahdi Syed Sheraz , Malik Ajaz A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground: Potassium (K) availability in soil and plant uptake is restrained by the dynamic interactions among the different pools of K.Aims: To understand these interactions, a study was undertaken to assess the quantity–intensity (Q/I) and buffering characteristics of rainfed maize (Zea maysL.) growing soils. Ten contrasting soils were evaluated for K partitioning changes in exchangeable K (ΔEK) and non‐exchangeable K (ΔNEK) pools in the soil‐solution phase and buffering characteristics using a modified version of Q/I approach.Results: The partitioned Q/I isotherms showed strong adsorption with the increase in K concentration ratio (CRK) and the changes due to ΔEK were higher than changes due to ΔNEK. Total buffering capacity (PBCK) significantly correlated (r= 0.92,p<0.01) with clay content with a major share contributed by buffering capacity owing to non‐exchangeable K () rather than exchangeable K (). The fixation capacity (β) factor, the magnitude of added K converted into a non‐exchangeable pool, ranged from 41 to 63%, whereas release (α) factor, the magnitude of added K converted to the exchangeable pool, ranged from 19 to 36%. Both threshold solution K (CKr) and threshold exchangeable K (EKr) values were found to be high in Satran clay loam (S2) and lower in Doon silty clay loam (S3) soils. The equilibrium exchangeable K (EKo) was found close to minimum exchangeable K (Emin) in Doon silty clay loam (S3) and Babaweyl sandy clay loam (S1) soils and overall Eminconstituted about 8.94 to 0.57% of the EKo.Conclusion: It may be concluded that K Q/I isotherm partitioning provides a valuable insight to assess the dynamic relations. The ratio of α/β (K recharge index) could be used to evaluate the K enrichment capacity of soil to K additions while EKrand Emincan be potentially useful in the elucidation of exchangeable K as K fertility index especially in soils with poor K fertilizer management.
More on the identification of fish bones from southeast Arabia
Authors: Yeomans Lisa , Beech Mark Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIdentification of fish bones from archeological sites in southeast Arabia requires access to an extensive reference collection. This is often not possible, and repeated use of these resources when they are available ultimately damages bones. This paper provides a platform from which high‐resolution images of 60 species of marine fishes from southeast Arabia can be downloaded, aiding identification and providing illustrations that other researchers can modify to produce graphics to highlight taphonomic modification to bones or illustrate measurements taken.
The First 2 Years of Biosimilar Epoetin for Cancer and Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia in the U.S.: A Review from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions
Authors: Bennett Charles L. , Nagai Sumimasa , Bennett Andrew C. , Hoque Shamia , Nabhan Chadi , Schoen Martin W. , Hrushesky William J. , Luminari Stefano , Ray Paul , Yarnold Paul R. , Witherspoon Bart , Riente Josh , Bobolts Laura , Brusk John , Tombleson Rebecca , Knopf Kevin , Fishman Marc , Yang Y. Tony , Carson Kenneth R. , Djulbegovic Benjamin , Restaino John , Armitage James O. , Sartor Oliver A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Biosimilars are biologic drug products that are highly similar to reference products in analytic features, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy. Biosimilar epoetin received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2018. The manufacturer received an FDA nonapproval letter in 2017, despite receiving a favorable review by FDA's Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) and an FDA nonapproval letter in 2015 for an earlier formulation. We discuss the 2018 FDA approval, the 2017 FDA ODAC Committee review, and the FDA complete response letters in 2015 and 2017; review concepts of litigation, naming, labeling, substitution, interchangeability, and pharmacovigilance; review European and U.S. oncology experiences with biosimilar epoetin; and review the safety of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. In 2020, policy statements from AETNA, United Health Care, and Humana indicated that new epoetin oncology starts must be for biosimilar epoetin unless medical need for other epoetins is documented. Empirical studies report that as of 2012, reference epoetin use decreased from 40%–60% of all patients with cancer with chemotherapy-induced anemia to &lt;5% of such patients because of safety concerns. Between 2018 and 2020, biosimilar epoetin use varied, increasing to 81% among one private insurer's patients covered by Medicare whose cancer care is administered with Oncology Analytics and to 41% with the same private insurer's patients with cancer covered by commercial health insurance and administered by the private insurer, to 0% in several Veterans Administration Hospitals, increasing to 100% in one large county hospital in California, and with yet-to-be-reported data from most oncology settings. We conclude that biosimilar epoetin appears to have overcome some barriers since 2015, although current uptake in the U.S. is variable. Pricing and safety considerations for all erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are primary determinants of biosimilar epoetin oncology uptake.

Implications for Practice
Few oncologists understand substitution and interchangeability of biosimilars with reference drugs. Epoetin biosimilar is new to the market, and physician and patient understanding is limited. The development of epoetin biosimilar is not familiar to oncologists.
The form and evolution of international migration networks, 1990–2015
Authors: Abel Guy J. , DeWaard Jack , Ha Jasmine Trang , Almquist Zack W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPresently, there is no agreed upon data‐driven approach for identifying the geographic boundaries of migration networks that international migration systems are ultimately manifested in. Drawing from research on community detection methods, we introduce and apply the Information Theoretic Community Detection Algorithm for identifying and studying the geographic boundaries of migration networks. Using a new set of estimates of country‐to‐country migration flows every 5 years from 1990 to 1995 to 2010–2015, we trace the form and evolution of international migration networks over the past 25 years. Consistent with the concept of dynamic stability, we show that the number, size and internal country compositions of international migration networks have been remarkably stable over time; however, we also document many short‐term fluctuations. We conclude by reflecting on the spirit of our work in this paper, which is to promote consensus around tools and best practices for identifying and studying international migration networks.
Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis for the period 2007–2016 using the adjoint method
Authors: Lyu Guokun , Koehl Armin , Serra Nuno , Stammer Detlef , Xie Jiping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe present an Arctic ocean–sea ice reanalysis covering the period 2007–2016 based on the adjoint approach of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) consortium. The spatiotemporal variation of Arctic sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration (SIC), and sea ice thickness (SIT) is substantially improved after the assimilation of ocean and sea ice observations. By assimilating additional World Ocean Atlas 2018 (WOA18) hydrographic data, the freshwater content of the Canadian Basin becomes closer to the observations and translates into changes of the ocean circulation and of transports through the Fram and Davis straits. This new reanalysis compares well with previous filter‐based (TOPAZ4) and nudging‐based (PIOMAS) reanalyses regarding SIC and SST. Benefiting from using the adjoint of the sea ice model, our reanalysis is superior to the ECCOv4r4 product considering sea ice parameters. However, the mean state and variability of the freshwater content and the transport properties of our reanalysis remain different from TOPAZ4 and ECCOv4r4, likely because of a lack of hydrographic observations.
A standardized procedure for upper mediastinal lymph node dissection improves the safety and efficacy of robotic McKeown oesophagectomy
Authors: Chao Yin‐Kai , Tsai Chun‐Yi , Illias Amina M. , Chen Chun‐Yu , Chiu Chien‐Hung , Chuang Wen‐Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is a common complication of upper mediastinal lymph node dissection (UMLND) in the context of oesophageal cancer surgery. In an effort to reduce its occurrence, we developed a standardised surgical procedure that allows flexible suspension of the left RLN during robotic McKeown oesophagectomy.Patients and methodsPatients who received robotic McKeown oesophagectomy for cancer were divided into two groups (pre and poststandardisation). Perioperative outcomes were retrospectively compared.ResultsThe pre and poststandardisation groups consisted of 44 and 42 patients, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences in terms of number of dissected lymph nodes. Compared with the prestandardisation group, patients treated after standardisation had a markedly lowered incidence of left RLN palsy (20.5% vs. 4.8%, respectively, p = 0.029) and a reduced mean thoracic operating time (161.05 vs. 131 min, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur standardised surgical approach is efficient and may increase the safety of UMLND.
Stabilization by delay feedback control for highly nonlinear switched stochastic systems with time delays
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper firstly discusses the existence and boundedness of unique global solution for highly nonlinear switched stochastic systems (SSSs) with time delays, where the switching signal is deterministic switching signal. Although the existence and boundedness of unique global solution can be obtained under local Lipschitz condition and Khasminskii‐type condition, highly nonlinear SSSs with time delays may not be stable. Therefore, a delay feedback control function can be designed for studying the stability of highly nonlinear SSSs with time delays, whose coefficients do not satisfy the linear growth condition. By using the Mathematical induction, Lyapunov function approach and the average dwell time method, H∞ stability and the pth moment exponential stability are studied for highly nonlinear SSSs with time delays. An explanatory example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the main results.
Dual Functional Alginate‐Polyethylene Polyamine Composite Aerogel Toward Sensing and Extracting Copper Ions in Water
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Yang Leilei , Yang Qi , Wang Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new type of sodium alginate‐polyethylene polyamine composite aerogel (Alg‐PEMA) was synthesized to detect and remove excess copper ions (Cu2+) in water. First, a classic acylation reaction was used to graft polyethylene polyamine onto alginate, which was then gelatinized in a calcium ion solution and vacuum freeze‐dried to prepare the final Alg‐PEMA adsorbent. Experimental results showed that the as‐prepared Alg‐PEMA can remove 99.2 % of Cu2+ (0.1 mM) in water, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu2+ is 46.78 mg/g. Alg‐PEMA can also be used for qualitative colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The detection limit for Cu2+ is as low as 0.64 mg/L, which is lower than the WHO standard for drinking water Cu2+ content (2.0 mg/L). Its green and safe raw materials, simple desorption and regeneration process, and stable detection and adsorption performance indicate that the Alg‐PEMA adsorbent has broad application prospects in the treatment of Cu2+‐containing wastewater.
Recent Advances on the s‐Triazine Scaffold with Emphasis on Synthesis, Structure‐Activity and Pharmacological Aspects: A Concise Review
Authors: Majeed Ganai Ab , Khan Pathan Tabasum , Hampannavar Girish A. , Pawar Chandrakant , Obakachi Vincent A. , Kushwaha Babita , Deshwar Kushwaha Narva , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTriazine nuclei have occupied a propitious place in pharmaceutical chemistry due to their diverse biological behaviour. The marketed drugs such as Azacitidine, Melarsoprol, Altretamine and Almitrine display broad pharmacological activities like anti‐cancer, anti‐parasitic, anti‐inflammatory, Respiratory stimulant and many more. Literature studies reveal that the 2, 4, and 6 substitution on s‐triazine is important for varied biological activities. This diversity in pharmacological activities of triazine scaffold has fascinated the various researchers to further investigate its applications in the treatment of several diseases. This review is complementary to earlier reports and aims to review the work reported on various synthetic methods and biological activities of substituted s‐triazine derivatives from 2016 to 2020 with a list of patents. The enriched structure‐activity relationship may open the doors for further rational drug development of s‐triazine containing analogues as good clinical candidates.
Benchmarking Phases of Ruthenium Dichalcogenides for Electrocatalysis of Hydrogen Evolution: Theoretical and Experimental Insights
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Jiang Cheng , Li Ping , Yao Keguang , Zhao Zhiliang , Fan Jiantao , Li Hui , Wang Haijiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a significant cathode step in electrochemical devices, especially in water splitting, but developing efficient HER catalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, comprehensive density functional theory calculations are presented to explore the intrinsic HER behaviors of a series of ruthenium dichalcogenide crystals (RuX2, X = S, Se, Te). In addition, a simple and easily scaled production strategy is proposed to synthesize RuX2 nanoparticles uniformly deposited on carbon nanotubes. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the RuX2 catalysts exhibit impressive HER catalytic behavior. In particular, marcasite‐type RuTe2 (RuTe2‐M) achieves Pt‐like activity (35.7 mV at 10 mA cm−2) in an acidic electrolyte, and pyrite‐type RuSe2 presents outstanding HER performance in an alkaline media (29.5 mV at 10 mA cm−2), even superior to that of commercial Pt/C. More importantly, a RuTe2‐M‐based proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and a RuSe2‐based anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer are also carefully assembled, and their outstanding single‐cell performance points to them being efficient cathode candidates for use in hydrogen production. This work makes a significant contribution to the exploration of a new class of transition metal dichalcogenides with remarkable activity toward water electrolysis.
Goreisan regulates AQP3 expression and improves diarrhea
Authors: Murakami Kazuhito , Horie Ichiro , Hara‐Chikuma Mariko , Shimizu Tomofumi , Matsumoto Chinami , Isohama Yoichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimGoreisan (GRS) is often used for gastrointestinal symptoms associated with bacterial and viral infections, to cure diarrhea and to prevent general dehydration. Although several clinical reports have shown the effectiveness of GRS, the pharmacological properties and underlining mechanism of GRS have not been clarified.MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to ICR mice and the diarrhea score was measured every 15 min. Goreisan (GRS; 1 g/kg) was administered 30 min before LPS administration, and the tissues were collected 90 min later. Caco‐2 cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α, 10 ng/mL) and GRS (0.1 mg/mL) for 24 h, and the aquaporin‐3 (AQP3) expression level was examined by qPCR.ResultsIn this in vivo study, GRS did not affect cytokine production, but markedly improved tissue injury and diarrhea scores. On the other hand, AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in the intestinal epithelium in the LPS‐treated group were significantly reduced, and GRS inhibited this decrease in AQP3. In a similar experiment performed on AQP3‐deficient mice, the diarrhea‐improving and tissue‐improving effects of GRS disappeared. Furthermore, in this in vitro study, GRS suppressed the decrease in AQP3 expression by TNF‐a stimulation, and the mechanism was due to extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition.ConclusionGRS has both an antidiarrhea effect and an intestinal tissue‐protective effect, which it exerts through the inhibition of an inflammation‐induced decrease in intestinal AQP3 expression. Our data strongly support the clinical usefulness of GRS to prevent dehydration in infectious gastroenteritis as well as the pharmacological rationale for using GRS to treat this disease.
Herpesvirus infections, antiviral treatment, and the risk of dementia—a registry‐based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Lopatko Lindman Karin , Hemmingsson Eva‐Stina , Weidung Bodil , Brännström Jon , Josefsson Maria , Olsson Jan , Elgh Fredrik , Nordström Peter , Lövheim Hugo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionHerpesviruses, including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and varicella zoster‐virus (VZV), have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Likewise, antiviral treatment has been suggested to protect against dementia development in herpes‐infected individuals.MethodsThe study enrolled 265,172 subjects aged ≥ 50 years, with diagnoses of VZV or HSV, or prescribed antiviral drugs between 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2017. Controls were matched in a 1:1 ratio by sex and birth year.ResultsAntiviral treatment was associated with decreased risk of dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86 to 0.92), while herpes infection without antiviral drugs increased the risk of dementia (adjusted HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.74).DiscussionAntiviral treatment was associated with a reduced long‐term risk of dementia among individuals with overt signs of herpes infection. This is consistent with earlier findings indicating that herpesviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD.