bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB ON CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Hamasalh Bakhtiar , Mirza Tablo , Abdulla Fazil 
Published: October 2021

Background
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is an intracellular accumulation of fluid in the retinal layers around the fovea; it contributes to reducing visual acuity by altering the functional cell relationship in the retina.
Objectives
To detect the role of intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) on decreasing central retinal thickness in patients with cystoid macular edema.
Materials and Methods
In a prospective study in Shaheed Dr. Aso Eye Hospital in As-Suleimanyah city, 65 patients with macular edema by Ocular coherent tomography (OCT) included, after a single intravitreal avastin injection, we repeated the OCT after 2 weeks & 3 months after the injection.
Results
Central retinal thickness was greatly decreased in Diabetic patients and CRVO during the follow-up period, but a lesser effect was seen in BRVO. The immediate response was seen in ARMD after 2 weeks. Central retinal thickness decreased more in those patients who received Avastin alone than patients treated by Avastin with Laser photocoagulation. There was no significant improvement of visual acuity in the patients after IVTA injection
Conclusion
Avastin is an effective drug in decreasing central retinal thickness and delaying its complications mostly in patients with Diabetic retinopathy and CRVO, and reduces the need for LASER therapy in these patients.
Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Topical Oxygen Therapy: A
Case Series
Authors: Tabanjeh Sinan F. , Al-Malki Talal , Alhazzani Abdulmajeed R. , Robert Asirvatham A. 
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim:
Surgical and endovascular revascularization procedures along
with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and topical oxygen therapy (TOT) for chronic oxygen-deprived
wounds are standard care treatment protocols for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Topical developments
in the delivery of topical oxygen therapy have made this a more feasible treatment in practice.
The present case series highlights the efficacy of NATROX therapy as TOT in wound healing
and the impact of increased oxygenation on ulcer healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Methods:
The TOT was evaluated in 6 patients with DFU who have applied NATROX topical oxygen
delivery system for a period ranging from 6 weeks to 24 weeks at Kahel Specialized Centre, located
in Olaya, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The administration of TOT demonstrated complete wound healing in all the six patients
who either had ulcers with minor amputation of toes/heel or had ulcers with other comorbidities in
a range from 3 to 8 weeks.

Conclusion:
NATROX therapy is an advanced topical oxygen delivery system compared to other
conventional oxygen delivery systems; however, the study warrants further research to assess its potential
applicability in DFU wound healing in large sample size and across the races.
An Exploratory Digital Board Game Approach to the Review and Reinforcement of Complex Medical Subjects Like Anatomical Education: Cross-sectional and Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tan Jun Wen , Ng Kian Bee , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: October 2021

Background
Serious games have the potential to resolve educational problems faced by medical students, such as insufficient rehearsal due to boredom and lack of motivation. However, serious games’ relatively novel concepts in science and many genres of games that are common in recreation remain underresearched in the literature. Board games are one such genre that, despite their potential, affordability, and flexibility, are rarely designed for medical students, and little is known about student perceptions of them and their compatibility with rehearsal.

Objective
In this cross-sectional study, we sought to elicit, via an exploratory mixed methods approach, student perceptions of a digital serious board game specifically designed for the gamified rehearsal of complex medical subjects, with the chosen topic of anatomy.

Methods
A digital serious board game, based on self-determination theory (SDT), was first designed and developed to facilitate the rehearsal of anatomy information. Students were then voluntarily recruited to partake in the intervention and were randomly split into three teams of 2 players per game session, after which they were administered the Flow Short Scale (FSS), which is a 13-item measure where items were rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (“not at all”) to 7 (“very much”). Students then participated in a focus group discussion to elicit their perceptions of the game. Findings from the FSS were subject to descriptive analysis, and the focus group discussion was subject to inductive thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 12 undergraduate, second-year medical students from the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine in Singapore participated in the study. FSS results indicated a moderate level of overall flow (mean score 4.94, SD 1.07) via the subdomains of fluency (mean score 4.77, SD 1.13) and absorption (mean score 5.21, SD 1.1). Students perceived the game as fun, enjoyable, engaging, and appropriate as a rehearsal tool that alleviated the monotony of traditional methods of rehearsal.

Conclusions
Our digital board game–based rehearsal tool, when based on SDT, appeared to be suitable for gamified rehearsal in a fun and enjoyable environment due to its facilitation of intrinsic motivation in its players.
Tempo objectivo e experiência do tempo--A Fenomenologia husserliana do Tempo perante a Relatividade Restrita de A. Einstein
Authors: Alves Pedro M. S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I start with the opposition between the husserlian project of a phenomenology of the experience of time, started in 1905, and the mathematical and physical theory of time, as it comes out from the special theory of relativity, by Einstein, in the same year. Although the contrast between the two approaches is apparent, my aim is to show that the original program of Husserl’s time theory is the constitution of an objective time and a time of the world, starting from the intuitive giveness of time, i.e., from time as it appears. To show this, I stress the structural similarity between the original question of time, by Husserl, and the problem of a phenomenology of the space constitution, as it was first developed in the husserlian manuscripts of the XIX century, in which we find the threefold question of the origin of our space representation, of the geometrization of intuitive space and the constitution of transcendent world space. Finally, I reconsider some of Husserl’s main theses about the phenomenological constitution of objective time in the light of the main results of special relativity time-theory, introducing several corrections to central assumptions that underlie Husserl’s theory of time.
Husserl e a história--Sobre o “Im Zickzack Vor- Und Zurückgehen”, no § 9 da Crise das Ciências Europeias
Authors: Morujão Carlos 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
O presente ensaio procura compreender a concepção husserliana da história a partir de conceitos tais como Urstiftung, Wiedererinnerung e Nachstiftung. Tentar-se-á, não só perceber as razões subjacentes à concepção teleológica da história, presente no livro da Crise (e nos textos que Ihe andam associados) e na Conferência de Viena de 1935, bem como o tipo de concepção do tempo histórico que é correlativa dela, mas também, sobretudo, detectar a possibilidade - a partir dos textos mesmos de Husserl - de uma outra concepção, mais apta a exprimir a novidade e a contingência.
Notas sobre Referência e Intencionalidade: Frege e Husserl
Authors: Soares Maria Luísa Couto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to present an approach to Frege and Husserl’s theories of meaning in order to integrate meaning in the broader context of intentionality.
Intentionality and reference are two notions with affinities, despite their pertaining to different but not separated areas. . .
When comparing Frege and Husserl’s theories of meaning and intentionality we may provide a fruitful and enriching perspective: some problems and concepts of Husserl’s thought may be elucidated if confronted with those of Frege. On the other hand, Husserl’s theories of meaning and intentionality provide a broader and far-reaching scope to Frege’s ideas on meaning..
Husserl’s concept of intentionality provides a new perspective which allows to overcome some of the impasses of Frege’s theory of meaning.
O Triplo Sentido de Conteúdo Intencional
Authors: Fernandes Sérgio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The content of a mental act- a pivotal element of a theory of intentionality- has a threefold meaning: as a logical concept, is the ideal signification, as a psychological concept, is the core of a noema (i.e., the instantiation of an ideal and as an ontological concept, is the object (real or unreal) intented by the nucleus.

We can make a parallel between this Husserlian threefold distinction and the Fregean sense/”reference” distinction, reducing it to the sense/object distinction. This paralleism is not to force the Husserl’s thought to Frege’s, but, on the contrary, to show the structure of the triple meaning of content: Husserl mtroduces the difference between ideal signification and instantiated signification, so the pure and Simple signification and the noematic sense are species of the genus sense. Husserl’s theory of intentionality and his philosophy of language does not go Frege, but beyond. The recognition of that allows us to see the error of Føesdal’s mterpretation, as while as those of Sartre and Gurwitsch.
The Fregean sense/”reference” distinction is subsumed by the Husserlian conceptual trio ideal signification/noematic sense/object. This triad of concepts houses not only a semantic theory (as Frege’s pair), but also a theory of a theory of perception. Husserl integrates its semantics in a theory of of consciousness that overcomes the intentio doctrines ofBrentano, Twardowsk1 and the medievals.
O Desenvolvimento da Crítica Husserliana ao Psicologismo após as Investigações Lógicas
Authors: Porta Mário Ariel González 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present text reviews the treatment of psychologism after the ‘Logical Investigations’. Its aim is to fill a gap in the Husserl an research about this topic, which focusing on the above-mentioned work, provides a homogenous treatment of the later position without considering the possibility of evolution. A primary result of our investigatión is the distinction of six stages in the above-mentioned development. These are established in correlation to the development in connected themes such as the theory of psychology, of the reduction and of the self-constitution of subjectivity. In this context, the Husserlian around 1927 concerning the idea of an final understanding and final overcoming of the transcendental psychologism stands out, as does the later identification in ‘Crisis’ between transcendental phenomenology and psychology. Such identification revises the presupposition present :from 1906 onwards that· included in the context of a regional ontology, which puts aside the idea, decisive in 1927 of a ‘refined’ transcendental psychologism made possible by the development of this psychology.
A Critica Heideggeriana da Fenomenologia de Husserl
Authors: da Silva Rui Sampaio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The philosophical relation between Husserl and Heidegger is a milestone in the 20th century philosophy. On the one hand, Husserl preserved the notions of subject and consciousness, avoiding naïve misconceptions of these notions and clearing new paths for philosophical investigation. On the other hand, Heidegger, departing from a criticai dialogue with Husserl’s phenomenology, challenged key presuppositions of modern philosophy by investigating the social and pragmatic dimension ofkllowledge and intentionality.
Ultimate Compressive Strength Assessment of Uncleaned and Cleaned Corroded Plates with Locked Crack
Authors: Woloszyk Krzysztof , Garbatov Yordan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The work presented here investigates the structural response of cleaned corroded plates, subjected to compressive load in the presence of a locked crack, where the change of mechanical properties as a result of corrosion development and the cleaning process is also accounted for. A Finite Element model for assessing the compressive strength, considering geometric and material nonlinearities, is developed, and the analysed plates are compared with the available experimental data. An experimental design plan is generated using the Design of Experiments techniques, which quantifies the influence of the governing variables and their interactions with respect to the plate’s ultimate compressive strength. With a limited number of observations, the most significant effects are identified. The corrosion degradation is revealed to be the most crucial effect leading to an effective strength reduction. It was found that, in the case of a corroded plate with a locked crack subjected to a compressive load, the most severe case is when the crack is transversely oriented. The strength reduction is slightly lower than when the corrosion degradation and the presence of a crack are considered to be a simple summation of these two effects but acting separately. The outcome of the analysis is the development of several empirical formulations that allow a fast estimation of the ultimate strength of a corroded plate, subjected to compressive load in the presence of a locked crack, accounting for different cleaning.
Cell Cycle Regulatory CCND1 G870A Gene Polymorphism and Periodontitis-Induced Oral Cancer: A Risk Analysis
Authors: Khan Mahvish , Khan Saif , Mandal Raju K. , Mahto Hari S. , Lohani Mohtashim , Ahmad Saheem , Sherwani Subuhi , Jandrajupalli Suresh B. , Haque Shafiul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Strong association has been recently observed between periodontitis/gingivitis and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A high incidence of oral cancer has been reported in the case of chronic periodontitis. Recently Cell cycle regulatory /Senescence genes have been associated with Gingivitis/ Periodontitis susceptibility. Cyclin D1 is one such cell cycle regulatory gene. Several findings have reported that Cyclin D1 (CCND1) G870A Single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with oral cancer (OC) risk, but yielded inconsistent data across different studies. This meta-analysis explores the precise relationship between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and OC risk. PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, & Google Scholar databases were searched for eligible studies and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Newcastle-Ottawa analysis was done for selected articles quality assessment, bias in publication (if any) was estimated through Funnel plots and Egger’s test. Pooled analysis from eleven eligible studies suggests that CCND1 G870A polymorphism is not significantly associated with OC risk. Sub-group analysis by ethnicity failed to show any association. Sequential single study omission was performed to determine the credibility and resilience of the inferences drawn.
Mutations in the KRAS gene as a predictive biomarker of therapeutic response in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Jugović Dragana , Nikolić Marija Vukelić , Madić Višnja , Branković Ljiljana , Milićević Radovan , Stanojević Goran , Vasiljević Perica 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the important role of general KRAS mutational status in the selection of an adequate therapeutic protocol in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), studies that focus on its specific mutations and their significance on progression of disease are scarce. This study aimed to determine the significance of specific KRAS mutations in response to standard chemotherapy protocols with oxaliplatin-based (FOLFOX 4, OXFL) in the first-line and irinotecan-based chemotherapy (FOLFIRI, IFL) in the second-line therapy, and to evaluate the correlation between these mutations and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the FFPE tumour tissue sections while the KRAS mutation test was performed by using PCR methods.

Results: Prevalence of KRAS gene mutations in CRC patients was 45%. Mutated KRAS was more frequent in later stages of tumor infiltrations (P =0.0017), on the right side of the colon (P= 0.0044), and in patients who developed metastases in the first 6 months after CRC diagnosis than in patients who developed metastases after 24 months (P=0.0083). In a group of patients with a poor therapeutic response to standard chemotherapy the most frequent mutations in KRAS gene were G12D and G12V (63.88%), while in a group of patients with a good response to therapeutic protocols the most prevalent mutation was G12A (66.66%).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that there was a significant difference in biological behaviour between tumours harboring different mutations in KRAS gene. Overall, mutation G12A could be a novel prognostic biomarker for CRC patients treated with standard chemotherapy.
Predictors and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinbolagbe Yeside Olubunmi , Otrofanowei Erere , Akase Iorhen Ephraim , Akintan Patricia E. , Ima-Edomwonyi Uyiekpen E. , Olopade Bolaji O. , Agabi Osigwe Paul , Nmadu Danladi A. , Akinbode Gbemileke O. , Opawoye Adefolarin , Olasope Aramide C. , Ogundare Adewale , Bolarinwa Bukunmi A , Otokiti Elizabeth O. , Enajeroh Precious J , Karami Moses , Esezobor Chris 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the current public health concern. Hypoxemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients regardless of age or sex. This study therefore aimed to assess the profile of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria and identify their associated socio-demographic and clinical risk factors, predictors, and outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were extracted from medical records of real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 positive patients admitted between April and October 2020. Data extracted included age, sex, comorbidities, disease category/classification, symptoms, lowest oxygen saturation (SPO2), and outcomes. Bivariate analysis was done to test associations between hypoxemia and other variables. Multivariate analysis was done to determine significant predictors of hypoxemia.

Results:
A total of 266 patients were included in the study; mean (SD) 49.80 (± 16.68) years. Hypoxemia (lowest SPO2 ≤ 90 in adults and < 92% in children) was found in 102 (38.3 %) of the cases. SPO2 of hypoxemic patients ranged from 33% to 90%, Mean ±SD of 77±13%. About half of the hypoxemic cases, 53 (52%) were ≥ 60 years and mostly male 70 (68.6%). Difficulty breathing was present in 56 (55%), while the common comorbidities were hypertension 86 (32.3%) and diabetes mellitus 47 (17.7%). Age ≥ 60, difficulty breathing, and fever were independent predictors of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia was significantly associated with death (X2-42.13; P < 0.001); odds ratio 14.5 (95% CI: 5.4–38.8).

Conclusion:
Hypoxemia occurred in 1 out of every 3 COVID-19 patients with poor prognosis. SPO2 monitoring and early presentation in hospital for those 60 years and above or with dyspnea may be essential for early identification and treatment of hypoxemia to reduce mortality.
The Performance of Two Species of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and (Nigella arvensis L.) Under Different Sowing Dates in Spring and Autumn at hallabja Governorate /Iraqi Kurdistan Region.
Authors: A. Al-Zubaidy Adel M. , S.Ghafoor Bakhtiar , Rasul Abdulsalam A. 
Published: October 2021

Two field experiments were performed to study the response of two species , Nigella sativa L. and Nigella arvensis L. within different sowing dates at spring and autumn seasons which included 1st and 20th March, 10th April and 1st May for spring season, while the sowing dates for the autumn season were, 2nd November, 21st November, 11th December, 31stDecember and 20thJanuary. Both experiments conducted according to the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) within three replications at hallabja/Kurdistan Region, located [35°12'48.7"N; 45°57'34.4"E] and the altitude was 596 masl. Results showed that among the four different sowing dates of spring cultivations, both species were responded to only 1st and 20th March date with some superiority of the 1st March, otherwise the survival and their yield were not acceptable at sowing date later than 20th March, while at the autumn cultivation, both species responded to all sowing date, but not to be later than 31st December, the early dates 2nd November and 21st November were showed significant differences in most yield traits. The result of the study showed that, due to the favorable environmental condition and the longer period of growth at autumn cultivation, most of the yield traits were gained significant values as the average of both species and different sowing dates of autumn compared to that occurred at spring cultivations. Some chemical contents of both species under the different environment conditions showed significant differences. Generally, N. sativa compared to N. arvensis contained more significant chemical compounds in the term of carbohydrates and protein at autumn, fixed and volatile oils at spring.
Features of the COPD course in patients with different alleles of C79G (rs1072714) of ADRB2 gene
Authors: Mostovoy Y. M. , Dmytriiev K. D. , Slepchenko N. S. 
Published: October 2021

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a widely spread disease, that can be prevented and treated. As it was mentioned in the GOLD guidelines, genetic factors have a prominent impact on the development of COPD. A great amount of different genes is involved into the development of COPD. They influence processes of inflammation, fibrosis and regulation of airways reactivity. Polymorphism of ADRB2 gene is of a particular interest as it is associated with the development of COPD and response to beta-2 agonists, which are the main drugs used in the treatment of COPD. The aim of our study was to investigate an impact of the polymorphism of ADRB2 gene on the clinical course of COPD. We collected source data, medical history in all patients in order to assess smoking status and smoking experience, clinical group of COPD according to GOLD classification, total amount of exacerbations, exacerbations treated in in-patient and out-patient conditions, data about use of antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids and methylxanthines. Blood was collected in all patients for the genetic analysis of ADRB2 gene polymorphism. Among COPD patients 65 (65 %) had changes in ADRB2 gene. 26 patients (26 %) had mutation and 39 patients (39 %) had polymorphism of ADRB2 gene, which indicate possible relation of ADRB2 gene with the COPD development. Patients of group 1, C79C allele carriers, had milder COPD course, which presented with the significant difference in the of GOLD D patients in this group (17.14±7.13 %) and group 2, C79G allele carriers, (58.97±8.15 %) and group 3, G79G allele carriers, (34.61±9.59 %). Group 1 patients had lower amount of exacerbations (2.543±0.281) when compared to group 3 (2.963±0.273), and lower amount of hospital admissions (1.031±0.154) when compared to group 2 (1.332±0.167). Group 1 patients also used less antibiotics then other groups. So, ADRB2 gene polymorphism in C79G positions is a prognostic factor of the severity of COPD course. It is associated with the greater amount of exacerbations and hospitalizations and also greater antibiotic use.