bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the use of oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets and statins in four European countries: a population-based study
Authors: García Rodríguez Luis A. , Cea Soriano Lucía , de Abajo Francisco J. , Valent Francesca , Hallas Jesper , Gil Miguel , Cattaruzzi Chiara , Rodriguez-Martin Sara , Vora Pareen , Soriano-Gabarró Montse , Gaist David 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate time trends in the prevalence of antithrombotic and statin use in four European countries.

Methods
Using population-based data from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and Italy between 2010 and 2018, we calculated standardized annual prevalence proportions of antithrombotics and statin use, and changes in prevalence proportions (2018 vs. 2010).

Results
Prevalence proportion of statins increased from 24.8% to 24.6% (UK), 21.0% to 22.3% (Region of Southern Denmark [RSD]), 12.9% to 14.3% (Udine, Italy), and 20.3% to 23.2% (Spain). Prevalence proportions of antithrombotics declined in all four countries: 18.7% to 15.9% (UK; − 2.8% points), 18.9% to 18.1% (RSD; − 0.8% points), 17.7% to 16.6% (Udine; − 1.1% points) and 15.0% to 13.6% (Spain; − 1.4% points). These declines were driven by reductions in low-dose aspirin use: 15.3% to 8.9% (UK; − 6.4% points), 16.3% to 9.5% (RSD; − 6.8% points), 13.5% to 11.6% (Udine; − 1.9% points), and 10.2% to 8.8% (Spain; − 1.4% points). In the UK, low-dose aspirin use declined from 9.1% to 4.3% (− 4.8% points) for primary CVD prevention, and from 49.6% to 36.9% (− 12.7% points) for secondary prevention. Oral anticoagulant use gradually increased but did not fully account for the decrease in low-dose aspirin use.

Conclusions
Antithrombotic use in the UK, RSD, Udine and Spain declined between 2010 and 2018, driven by a reduction in use of low-dose aspirin that is not completely explained by a gradual increase in OAC use. Use of statins remained constant in the UK, and increased gradually in the RSD, Udine and Spain.
Sheffer operation in relational systems
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe concept of a Sheffer operation known for Boolean algebras and orthomodular lattices is extended to arbitrary directed relational systems with involution. It is proved that to every such relational system, there can be assigned a Sheffer groupoid and also, conversely, every Sheffer groupoid induces a directed relational system with involution. Hence, investigations of these relational systems can be transformed to the treatment of special groupoids which form a variety of algebras. If the Sheffer operation is also commutative, then the induced binary relation is antisymmetric. Moreover, commutative Sheffer groupoids form a congruence distributive variety. We characterize symmetry, antisymmetry and transitivity of binary relations by identities and quasi-identities satisfied by an assigned Sheffer operation. The concepts of twist products of relational systems and of Kleene relational systems are introduced. We prove that every directed relational system can be embedded into a directed relational system with involution via the twist product construction. If the relation in question is even transitive, then the directed relational system can be embedded into a Kleene relational system. Any Sheffer operation assigned to a directed relational system $${\mathbf {A}}$$
A
with involution induces a Sheffer operation assigned to the twist product of $${\mathbf {A}}$$
A
.
Longitudinal craze line propagation in human root dentin after instrumentation with NiTi rotary files of different instrument tapers after long-term chewing simulation
Authors: Heberer Marie-Therese , Roggendorf Hubert C. , Faber Franz-Josef , Lawrenz Nicolai-Alexander , Frankenberger Roland , Roggendorf Matthias J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate whether file design and taper significantly influence microcrack initiation during machine preparation.

Materials and methods
Sixty extracted teeth with straight single canals were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups based on their root canal anatomy and the corresponding NiTi rotary file system (I, Mtwo; II, ProTaper Universal; III, F6 SkyTaper; control, no preparation and filling). The root canals of the experimental groups were filled using the single-cone technique. The tested teeth were all subjected to a mechanical chewing simulation with flat lead loading over a period of 3 years (corresponding to 150,000 cycles). The teeth were checked for dentinal defects (accumulative crack growth in length) under the digital microscope (Keyence VHX-5000) at time 0 (baseline prior to chewing simulation) and after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of loading. The cumulative crack increase was statistically analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Jonckheere–Terpstra test, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
In contrast to preparation with greater-tapered instruments, ProTaper Universal (group II) and F6 SkyTaper (group III) instrumentation with the smaller tapered Mtwo files (group I) showed less accumulative propagation of craze lines (p < 0.05) at all time points.

Conclusion
Instruments with greater taper for root canal instrumentation should be used with care to avoid negative long-term effects in the form of propagation of dentinal defects over time. A positive cutting-edge angle and a smaller taper have a positive effect on a lower craze line development.

Clinical relevance
Instruments with a positive cutting-edge angle and a smaller taper are beneficial for the long-term preservation of dentinal tooth structure.
NATO 2030: Die Zukunft der Allianz und die Rolle Deutschlands
Authors: de Maizière Thomas 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungMit dem Expertenbericht zum Reflexionsprozess und der anschließenden Entscheidung für ein neues Strategisches Konzept sollte die Diskussion über die Zukunft der NATO und Deutschlands Rolle darin nicht enden. Angesichts globaler tektonischer Verschiebungen mit systemischen Herausforderungen an Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik bedarf es tiefgreifender Anpassungen in Brüssel, u. a. in den Bereichen Umgang mit China, NATO-EU-Zusammenarbeit, Rüstungskontrolle und Balance der Kernaufgaben der Allianz. Die Analyse sieht Deutschland dabei in einer zentralen Rolle.
Extracellular vesicle-derived miR-320a targets ZC3H12B to inhibit tumorigenesis, invasion, and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Huang Yan , Xu Midie , Jing Chuyu , Wu Xiaohua , Chen Xiaojun , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in intercellular communication. miRNAs derived from EVs emerge as promising diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets in a variety of malignancies. Tremendous studies have revealed the function of miRNAs derived from EVs in tumorigenesis, metastasis and other aspects. The mechanism of action of EV-derived miRNAs, however, in ovarian cancer remains largely unknown. In this study, EVs were enriched from the ovarian cancer cell lines. EVs as a whole could promote cell proliferation, invasion and new vasculature formation. However, the down-regulated EV-derived miR-320a was demonstrated to potentially suppress tumorigenesis, metastasis and angiogenesis. Moreover, EV-derived miR-320a has been proved to directly regulate a previously unknown target, ZC3H12B. An unreported role of ZC3H12B in promoting ovarian cancer cell proliferation has been elucidated and miR-320a could mediate the expression of ZC3H12B, thereby inhibiting the downstream response. As for the practical clinic values, lower expression of EV-derived miR-320a correlates with shorter survival period, indicating that EV-derived miR-320a may also serve as a prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer. This research provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of EV-derived miR-320a in ovarian cancer and may provide new therapeutic and prognostic strategies for ovarian cancer treatment.
Exercise in Obesity—the Role of Technology in Health Services: Can This Approach Work?
Authors: Dobbie Laurence J. , Tahrani Abd , Alam Uazman , James Jennifer , Wilding John , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Physical activity (PA) is an important strategy to prevent and treat obesity. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions, such as wearable activity monitors and smartphone apps, may promote adherence to regular PA and successful weight loss. This review highlights the evidence for eHealth interventions in promoting PA and reducing weight.

Recent Findings

Wearables can increase PA and are associated with moderate weight loss in middle/older-aged individuals, with less convincing effects long-term (> 1 year) and in younger people. Data for interventions such as mobile phone applications, SMS, and exergaming are less robust. Investigations of all eHealth interventions are often limited by complex, multi-modality study designs, involving concomitant dietary modification, making the independent contribution of each eHealth intervention on body weight challenging to assess.

Summary

eHealth interventions may promote PA, thereby contributing to weight loss/weight maintenance; however, further evaluation is required for this approach to be adopted into routine clinical practice.
Delphi consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with short stature in Spain: GROW-SENS study
Authors: Corripio-Collado R. , Fernández-Ramos C. , González-Casado I. , Moreno-Macián F. , López-Siguero J.-P. , Labarta-Aizpún J.-I. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To identify consensus aspects related to the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of short stature in children to promote excellence in clinical practice.

Methods
Delphi consensus organised in three rounds completed by 36 paediatric endocrinologists. The questionnaire consisted of 26 topics grouped into: (1) diagnosis; (2) monitoring of the small-for-gestational-age (SGA) patient; (3) growth hormone treatment; and (4) treatment adherence. For each topic, different questions or statements were proposed.

Results
After three rounds, consensus was reached on 16 of the 26 topics. The main agreements were: (1) diagnosis tests considered as a priority in Primary Care were complete blood count, biochemistry, thyroid profile, and coeliac disease screening. The genetic test with the greatest diagnostic value was karyotyping. The main criterion for initiating a diagnostic study was prediction of adult stature 2 standard deviations below the target height; (2) the main criterion for initiating treatment in SGA patients was the previous growth pattern and mean parental stature; (3) the main criterion for response to treatment was a significant increase in growth velocity and the most important parameter to monitor adverse events was carbohydrate metabolism; (4) the main attitude towards non-responding patients is to check their treatment adherence with recording devices. The most important criterion for choosing the delivery device was its technical characteristics.

Conclusions
This study shows the different degrees of consensus among paediatric endocrinologists in Spain concerning the diagnosis and treatment of short stature, which enables the identification of research areas to optimise the management of such patients.
Applications of graph’s complete degree with bipolar fuzzy information
Authors: Poulik Soumitra , Ghorai Ganesh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to the presence of two opposite directional thinking in relationships between countries and communication systems, the systems may not always be balanced. Therefore, the perfectness between countries relations are highly important. It comes from how much they were connected to each other for communication. In this study, first perfectly regular bipolar fuzzy graph is introduced and examined the regularity of nodes. Then, the relationship between the adjacent nodes and their regularity are visualized as a perfectly edge-regular bipolar fuzzy graphs. The totally accurate communication between all connected nodes is explained by introducing completely open neighborhood degree and completely closed neighborhood degree of nodes and edges in a bipolar fuzzy graph. Some algorithms and flowcharts of the proposed methods are given. Finally, two applications of these cogitation are exhibited in two bipolar fuzzy fields. The first one is in international relationships between some countries during cold-war era and the second one is in decision-making between teachers–students communication system for the improvement of teaching.
Comparison of the Spreading Characters of Fire Products in the Typical Metro Stations of Washington, D.C., and Guangzhou
Authors: Yu Heng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFire is one of the most common disasters that threaten the safety of the crowd in metro stations. Due to the variations in the design of metro stations, the hazard posed by the spreading products of the fire can pose different risks. The typical structures of metro stations in Guangzhou and Washington, D.C., are very different from each other. In Washington, D.C., the “high-dome” structure is predominant in the construction of metro stations, while in Guangzhou, most metro stations have the “flat ceiling” structure. In this article, a numerical modeling for fire dynamic simulation is used to predict and compare the spreading characters of fire products (the smoke height change, the temperature distribution and the visibility change) when fires with 2.5 MW heat release rate occur in the platform center and at the platform end in the two kinds of metro stations. The results show that, in the same fire scenario, the lowest smoke heights monitored in the Guangzhou model is 0.6 m (fire at the platform end) and 0.8 m (fire in the platform center) above the safe smoke height in 360 s after a fire breaks out, while it is 6.15 m (fire in the platform center) and 6.2 m (fire at the platform end) above the smoke height in the Washington model. The temperature increment in the Guangzhou model is 23 °C (fire in the platform center) to 29 °C (fire at the platform end) in 360 s after the fire breaks out, while the temperature increment in the same period in the Washington model is 8.5 °C (fire at the platform end) to 9 °C (fire in the platform center). The visibility of most areas on the platform of the Guangzhou model is about 1 m no matter the fire is in the platform center or at the platform end at 360 s after the fire begins, while in the Washington model, the visibility of most areas is 1.5–13.5 mm (fire at the platform end) to 4–14 m (fire in the platform center) at the same moment. Based on the results, the environment is worse when the fire happens at the end of the platform than that when the fire happens in the platform center of the Guangzhou model. While the fire location has fewer impacts on the smoke height, temperature, and visibility in the Washington model, metro stations with a high-dome structure can be beneficial to fire evacuation safety; however, the construction cost can be high. Metro stations with flat ceiling are widely used in more cities for it has lower construction cost; to compensate for its weaker abilities under fire conditions, it is suggested that smoke exhaust systems should be carefully and fully considered.
Valuing the Impacts of Landslides: A Choice Experiment Approach
Authors: Spegel Elin , Ek Kristina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes the preferences for reducing the negative impacts of landslides. Negative consequences of landslides include impacts on transport infrastructure, humans, the environment and important societal services. We apply a choice experiment. The analysis is based on 6048 observations from 504 participants in a web panel. The overall finding is that reducing the risk of landslides would have a positive impact on individuals’ utility, and that individuals prioritize preventing negative consequences on human health and safety over maintaining societal services, environmental status, and preventing damages to transport infrastructure, which seems to be least pressing. Results indicate that prioritizations of citizens differ from the prioritizations of public authorities, whose risk assessment model for evaluating the consequences of landslides gives equal weight to the different impacts.
Spatially Resolved Photochemistry Impacts Emissions Estimates in Fresh Wildfire Plumes
Authors: Palm Brett B. , Peng Qiaoyun , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Campos Teresa L. , Weinheimer Andrew , Montzka Deedee , Tyndall Geoffrey , Permar Wade , Hu Lu , Flocke Frank , Fischer Emily V. , Thornton Joel A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWildfire emissions affect downwind air quality and human health. Predictions of these impacts using models are limited by uncertainties in emissions and chemical evolution of smoke plumes. Using high‐time‐resolution aircraft measurements, we illustrate spatial variations that can exist within a plume due to differences in the photochemical environment. Horizontal and vertical crosswind gradients of dilution‐corrected mixing ratios were observed in midday plumes for reactive compounds and their oxidation products, such as nitrous acid, catechol, and ozone, likely due to faster photochemistry in optically thinner plume edges relative to darker plume cores. Gradients in plumes emitted close to sunset are characterized by titration of O3 in the plume and reduced or no gradient formation. We show how crosswind gradients can lead to underestimated emission ratios for reactive compounds and overestimated emission ratios for oxidation products. These observations will lead to improved predictions of wildfire emissions, evolution, and impacts across daytime and nighttime.
On the Variability of EMIC Waves and the Consequences for the Relativistic Electron Radiation Belt Population
Authors: Ross J. P. J. , Glauert S. A. , Horne R. B. , Watt C. E. J. , Meredith N. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe interactions between electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and relativistic electrons are influential in diffusing radiation belt electrons into the loss code from which the electrons are lost into the atmosphere. These wave‐particle interactions between EMIC waves and electrons with energies of a few MeV or more depend strongly on wave spectra and plasma properties. Here we study the variability in wave spectra and plasma properties as a function of L* found during Van Allen Probe EMIC observations. These results are used to calculate statistical bounce and drift average diffusion coefficients that include the variation in wave spectra and plasma density as a function of L* and activity by averaging observation‐specific diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficients are included in global radiation belt simulations and the effect of the EMIC waves is explored. The distribution in the plasma frequency to electron gyrofrequency ratio decreases to lower values as L* decreases. As a result, few EMIC waves are able to resonate with 2–3 MeV electrons at L* ≤ 3.75 while electrons of the same energy at larger L* are diffused by EMIC waves in high density regions. In comparison, a sufficient number of EMIC waves are able to resonate with higher energy electrons, MeV, at L* ≥ 3.25 to significantly affect the decay in electron flux. EMIC wave parametrisations of electron diffusion by EMIC waves are compared and solar wind dynamic pressure is found to give the best agreement with Van Allen Probe observations.
A Multicomponent Magnetic Proxy for Solar Activity
Authors: Warren Harry P. , Floyd Linton E. , Upton Lisa A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a new, multicomponent magnetic proxy for solar activity derived from full disk magnetograms that can be used in the specification and forecasting of the Sun’s radiative output. To compute this proxy we project Carrington maps, such as the synchronic Carrington maps computed with the Advective Flux Transport (AFT) surface flux transport model, to heliographic cartesian coordinates and determine the total unsigned flux as a function of absolute magnetic flux density. Performing this calculation for each day produces an array of time series, one for each flux density interval. Since many of these time series are strongly correlated, we use principal component analysis to reduce them to a smaller number of uncorrelated time series. We show that the first few principal components accurately reproduce widely used proxies for solar activity, such the the 10.7 cm radio flux and the Mg core‐to‐wing ratio. This suggests that these magnetic time series can be used as a proxy for irradiance variability for emission formed over a wide range of temperatures.
Environmental Flow Scenarios for a Regulated River System: Projecting Catchment‐Wide Ecosystem Benefits and Consequences for Hydroelectric Production
Authors: Widén Åsa , Malm Renöfält Birgitta , Degerman Erik , Wisaeus Dag , Jansson Roland 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo enable prioritization among measures for ecological restoration, knowing the expected benefits and consequences of implementation is imperative but rarely explicitly quantified. We developed a novel method to prioritize among environmental flow measures to rehabilitate ecosystems in the Ume River catchment in northern Sweden, a river system heavily regulated for hydropower production. Our strategy was to identify measures with minimal impact on hydropower production while providing substantial environmental benefits. Based on field surveys of remaining natural values and potential for ecological rehabilitation, we quantified the projected gain in habitat area of implementing environmental flows for target organism groups, for example, lotic fish species and riparian vegetation, along the whole river length. We quantified the consequences for hydropower production by identifying a set of hydropower operational rules reflecting the constraints added by environmental flows. We then used production optimization software to calculate changes in hydropower production and revenues. Implementing restrictions on zero‐flow events by mandating minimum discharge at all run‐of‐river hydropower stations and allocating 1%–12% of mean annual discharge to bypassed reaches in the entire catchment would result in a 2.1% loss of annual electricity production. Adding flow to fishways would increase the loss to 3.1% per year. With implementation of more natural water‐level fluctuations in run‐of‐river impoundments, the loss increases to 3.8%. These actions would increase the habitat for lotic species like the grayling Thymallus more than threefold and increase the area of riparian vegetation by about 66%. Our method forms a basis for ongoing implementation of nationwide environmental rehabilitation schemes.