bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Pit-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 at serine 126 is associated with cell proliferation and poor prognosis in prolactinomas
Authors: Xie Weiyan , Fang Qiuyue , Guo Jing , Gong Lei , Li Chuzhong , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pit-1 (POU1F1) is a POU-homeodomain transcription factor, and it is one of the most important tissue-specific transcription factors in pituitary development. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a protein kinase that can phosphorylate many key transcription factors, but the mechanism under which CDK5 phosphorylates Pit-1 is unclear. To investigate whether CDK5 can regulate cell proliferation and promote hormone secretion through phosphorylation of Ser126-Pit-1 in prolactinomas, we generated an antibody that specifically recognizes phosphorylated serine at position 126 of Pit-1 (Ser126-Pit-1). We used western blotting to detect the level of Pit-1 phosphorylation and observed the proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 cells with different levels of Pit-1 phosphorylation by clone formation experiments, cell viability assays, and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the level of PRL in the supernatant of GH3 cells. Tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of the phosphorylation level of Ser126-Pit-1 (pSer126-Pit-1) in prolactinomas. Our data indicated that Ser126-Pit-1 is specifically phosphorylated by CDK5 and high-level pSer-126-Pit-1 can promote cell proliferation and PRL secretion. In addition, a higher level of pSer-126-Pit-1 correlates with a worse prognosis in patients with prolactinoma. Our results show that CDK5 mediated Ser126-Pit-1 phosphorylation and regulated prolactinoma progression and PRL secretion.
A comparative study of keyword extraction algorithms for English texts
Authors: Li Jinye 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study mainly analyzed the keyword extraction of English text. First, two commonly used algorithms, the term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF–IDF) algorithm and the keyphrase extraction algorithm (KEA), were introduced. Then, an improved TF–IDF algorithm was designed, which improved the calculation of word frequency, and it was combined with the position weight to improve the performance of keyword extraction. Finally, 100 English literature was selected from the British Academic Written English Corpus for the analysis experiment. The results showed that the improved TF–IDF algorithm had the shortest running time and took only 4.93 s in processing 100 texts; the precision of the algorithms decreased with the increase of the number of extracted keywords. The comparison between the two algorithms demonstrated that the improved TF–IDF algorithm had the best performance, with a precision rate of 71.2%, a recall rate of 52.98%, and an F
1 score of 60.75%, when five keywords were extracted from each article. The experimental results show that the improved TF–IDF algorithm is effective in extracting English text keywords, which can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Hail the Spectator: Embodiment, Injustice, and Film
Authors: Wan Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
How does film move us into caring about injustice, and what role do the qualities specific to the medium play in the process? In this article, I provide an answer to these questions by building on ideas about embodied spectatorship from film studies. I argue that the haptic nature of certain cinematic images can trigger a sensuous, corporeal response to unjust acts and processes in their viewers, and thereby cultivate in them a commitment to justice. I will anchor my argument through a close reading of Wong Jing’s Hail the Judge, a Hong Kong comedy about a woman who is framed for the murder of her family.
Effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on flora and fauna, Part 2 impacts: how species interact with natural and man-made EMF
Authors: Levitt B. Blake , Lai Henry C. , Manville Albert M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmbient levels of nonionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) have risen sharply in the last five decades to become a ubiquitous, continuous, biologically active environmental pollutant, even in rural and remote areas. Many species of flora and fauna, because of unique physiologies and habitats, are sensitive to exogenous EMF in ways that surpass human reactivity. This can lead to complex endogenous reactions that are highly variable, largely unseen, and a possible contributing factor in species extinctions, sometimes localized. Non-human magnetoreception mechanisms are explored. Numerous studies across all frequencies and taxa indicate that current low-level anthropogenic EMF can have myriad adverse and synergistic effects, including on orientation and migration, food finding, reproduction, mating, nest and den building, territorial maintenance and defense, and on vitality, longevity and survivorship itself. Effects have been observed in mammals such as bats, cervids, cetaceans, and pinnipeds among others, and on birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, microbes and many species of flora. Cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed in laboratory research on animal models that can be extrapolated to wildlife. Unusual multi-system mechanisms can come into play with non-human species — including in aquatic environments — that rely on the Earth’s natural geomagnetic fields for critical life-sustaining information. Part 2 of this 3-part series includes four online supplement tables of effects seen in animals from both ELF and RFR at vanishingly low intensities. Taken as a whole, this indicates enough information to raise concerns about ambient exposures to nonionizing radiation at ecosystem levels. Wildlife loss is often unseen and undocumented until tipping points are reached. It is time to recognize ambient EMF as a novel form of pollution and develop rules at regulatory agencies that designate air as ‘habitat’ so EMF can be regulated like other pollutants. Long-term chronic low-level EMF exposure standards, which do not now exist, should be set accordingly for wildlife, and environmental laws should be strictly enforced — a subject explored in Part 3.
Experimental and analytical study of bio-based epoxy composite materials for strengthening reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Assih Jules , Ivanova Ivelina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to strengthen reinforced concrete structures using natural fiber composites. Natural fibers are often used in civil engineering for thermal or acoustic insulation, but rarely are they employed to strengthen structures. Natural fiber composites are constituted of a matrix based on epoxy adhesive and aligned continuous fiber reinforcements. In this study, we investigate several fibers (carbon, hemp, fiberglass, and linen) in tensile and bending tests. The bending results show twice the magnification of the ultimate bending load in a strengthened specimen. The study also evaluates the stress distribution in the structure. In the case of a beam strengthened by a bonded carbon plate, the functioning of an assembly single lap and the optimal anchor length was determined by analogy. The analytical study describes the shear and peel stresses in the adhesive, composite, and concrete joints, revealing the optimum values of shear stress near the ends of the adhesive joint. The same was observed in concrete. The tests showed the influence of strengthening on the ultimate load and stiffness as well as the concentration of shear stresses at the ends of the adhesive joint.
More diversity enGENDERed by African languages: an introduction
Authors: Güldemann Tom , Fiedler Ines 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We give an overview of current research questions pursued in connection with an ongoing project on nominal classification systems in Africa, with a particular focus on Niger-Congo. We first introduce our cross-linguistically applicable methodological approach which provides new insights into the design of a range of gender systems on the continent. We then apply these ideas to the “noun class” systems of Niger-Congo. We focus on non-canonical phenomena of poorly known languages, which attest to an unexpected systemic diversity beyond the well-known Bantu type and promise to change the synchronic and diachronic perspective on the gender systems of this family.
A novel approach to a rare case of non-islet cell hypoglycaemia
Authors: Dharmaputra R K , Wan K L , Samad N , Herath M , Wong J , Sarlos S , Holdsworth S R , Naderpoor N 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of non-islet cell hypoglycaemia. Treatment of this condition is complex and typically involves long-term use of glucocorticoids. Immunotherapy may provide an alternative in the management of this autoimmune condition through the suppression of antibodies production by B-lymphocyte depletion. We present a case of a 62-year-old male, with refractory hypoglycaemia initially presenting with hypoglycaemic seizure during an admission for acute psychosis. Biochemical testing revealed hypoglycaemia with an inappropriately elevated insulin and C-peptide level and no evidence of exogenous use of insulin or sulphonylurea. Polyethylene glycol precipitation demonstrated persistently elevated free insulin levels. This was accompanied by markedly elevated anti-insulin antibody (IA) titres. Imaging included CT with contrast, MRI, pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound and Ga 68-DOTATATE position emission tomography (DOTATATE PET) scan did not reveal islet cell aetiology for hyperinsulinaemia. Maintenance of euglycaemia was dependent on oral steroids and dextrose infusion. Complete resolution of hypoglycaemia and dependence on glucose and steroids was only achieved following treatment with plasma exchange and rituximab.

Learning points

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) should be considered in patients with recurrent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in whom exogenous insulin administration and islet cell pathologies have been excluded.

Biochemical techniques play an essential role in establishing high insulin concentration, insulin antibody titres, and eliminating biochemical interference. High insulin antibody concentration can lead to inappropriately elevated serum insulin levels leading to hypoglycaemia.

Plasma exchange and B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab and immunosuppression with high dose glucocorticoids are effective in reducing serum insulin levels and hypoglycaemia in insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS).

Based on our observation, the reduction in serum insulin level may be a better indicator of treatment efficacy compared to anti-insulin antibody (IA) titre as it demonstrated greater correlation to the frequency of hypoglycaemia and to hypoglycaemia resolution.
Rankings universitarios internacionales: aplicación de indicadores a la producción científica de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas en Scopus, 2015- 2019
Authors: Ramos Hernández Cynthia , Peralta González María Josefa 
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Se aplican indicadores de rankings universitarios internacionales en la producción científica institucional, para contribuir a mejorar el posicionamiento universitario a escala internacional. Metodología: El diseño es cuantitativo y se combinaron técnicas bibliométricas con el análisis documental. Primeramente se describe el posicionamiento cubano en el Scimago Institutions Ranking (SIR) a nivel global y en las dimensiones de indicadores, luego se caracteriza la producción científica de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas (UCLV), indizada en Scopus mediante algunos indicadores del Scimago Institutions Ranking (SIR). Finalmente se compararon los indicadores de liderazgo, acceso abierto, número de citas y excelencia entre la UCLV y la Universidad de La Habana (UH) con el objetivo de caracterizar las posiciones obtenidas en el SIR. Resultados: Es cercano el posicionamiento de la UCLV y la UH en el SIR, sin embargo son relevantes las diferencias de la producción científica de la UH con respecto a la UCLV. La UCLV tiene dos facultades que aportan la mayor producción científica en Scopus (FMFC y FQF) y en total la institución obtuvo bajos resultados en los indicadores del SIR aplicados. Al menos el 50% de la producción científica se realizó con liderazgo. Conclusiones: La aplicación de indicadores de rankings universitarios internacionales a nivel meso posibilita una mejor compresión y acercamiento a las posiciones obtenidas por las universidades en el SIR. Ofrece información sobre qué aspectos tener en cuenta para mejorar el posicionamiento y por tanto la visibilidad internacional de las universidades. El estudio es pionero en la aplicación de indicadores de ranking en instituciones cubanas para contribuir a mejorar su posicionamiento a escala internacional.
Implementation of sulfuric acid leaching for aluminum and iron removal for improvement of low-grade silica from quartz sand of Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiyono Eko , Handayani Murni , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Irawan Januar , Febriana Eni , Firdiyono Florentinus , Yustanti Erlina , Sembiring Safetyana Nazaretha , Nugroho Firdaus , Muslih Ersan Yudhapratama 
Published: July 2021

Indonesia has very abundant reserves of silica, but progressive studies on the deposition of this material are very few, resulting in limited applications of silica. This work refers to the purification of silica from quartz sand originated from Sukabumi, Indonesia to obtain high-purity silica, which can be applied as important raw materials for special purposes. The aim of our research is to improve low-grade silica from quartz sand by removing impurities, especially aluminum and iron removal, using sulfuric acid leaching. In order to achieve the aim, the effect of reaction time and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching process was investigated. The effectiveness of sulfuric acid for the impurities removal was observed. The chemical composition of the samples before and after leaching was studied using X-ray fluorescence. The mineralogical analysis of the starting materials and the products was conducted using X-ray diffraction. Microstructure analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, and EDS test was used to show the element composition at different points. The experimental results show that the optimum condition of the leaching process occurs at a reaction time of 5 hours with a sulfuric acid concentration of 10 N. The silica levels increase from 93.702 % to 96.438 %. Aluminum and iron impurities reduced from 4.691 % to 2.712 % and from 0.641 % to 0.094 %, respectively. At this optimum point, sulfuric acid is very effective to remove aluminum and iron impurities up to 42 % and 85 %, respectively. The results of this research can be a very significant opportunity to increase the value added of quartz sand from Sukabumi, which can enhance the quality of low-grade silica to provide better raw materials for glass industries.
Design of liquid composite materials for shielding electromagnetic fields
Authors: Glyva Valentyn , Bakharev Volodymyr , Kasatkina Natalia , Levchenko Oleg , Levchenko Larysa , Burdeina Nataiia , Guzii Sergii , Panova Olena , Tykhenko Oksana , Biruk Yana 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports the principles of design and the examined protective properties of liquid materials for shielding the electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range. The materials were made on the basis of iron ore concentrate and a pigment additive, with water-dispersed and geopolymer paints used as a matrix. The tests of protective properties for the electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency showed that the electric field shielding coefficients at a concentration of the screening substance of 15−60 % (by weight) equaled 1.1−8.6; magnetic field – 1.2−5.3. The shielding coefficients of the material based on a water-dispersed paint are lower than those of a geopolymer one, which can be explained by the oxidation of an iron-containing component and a decrease in electrical conductivity. The shielding coefficients of the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2.45 GHz are 1.2−7.9. The highest coefficients are inherent in the material with filler made of iron ore concentrate and titanium-containing pigment powder in a ratio of 1:1.
To design materials with the required (predictable) protective properties, the relative magnetic, dielectric permeability of materials was calculated. It is shown that the obtained data are acceptably the same as the results from direct measurements of magnetic and dielectric permeability and could be used to calculate the wave resistance of the material and the predicted reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. Thus, there is reason to assert the need to build a database on the frequency dependence of effective magnetic and dielectric permeability in order to automate the design processes of composite materials with predefined protective properties.
Improving the wear resistance of heavy-duty elements in tribomechanical systems by a combined laser-thermochemical processing method
Authors: Kindrachuk Myroslav , Dukhota Oleksandr , Тіsov Oleksandr , Korbut Evgen , Yurchuk Alina , Kharchenko Volodymyr , Naumenko Nila 
Published: July 2021

This paper reports an analysis of the state of tribological support in the aviation industry. The use of surface strengthening technologies to extend the resource of friction node parts has been prioritized. Modern combined technologies of nitriding and laser treatment of steel surfaces have been reviewed. The mechanism has been elucidated that damages steel 30H2NVFA in the jackscrew actuator of transport aircraft flaps, which occurs due to insufficient surface hardness of the material after a generally accepted heat treatment. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis revealed a high concentration of oxygen on the surface: up to 41.4 at. %; the friction surface carbonation has been detected, especially significant at the surface of the pitting damage. A comprehensive technology of surface strengthening by nitriding+laser selective hardening has been suggested. The radiation power was 1 KW, the diameter of the focus spot was 2.5 mm, and the pitch between the focus spot centers was 2.5 mm. The total area of laser processing was 70 %. The steel temperature exceeded Ас3 and corresponded to the hardening temperature range. The depth of the nitrided layer increased to 400 µm, the maximum hardness on the surface was 1,350–1,380 HV0.2. The formation of a solid nitrided layer with a thickness of 200‒250 µm was observed, as well as a transition zone composed of column-shaped iron nitrides, which are introduced into the matrix material. As a result, a sharp gradient in the mechanical properties disappears. The tests confirmed that the wear resistance of the comprehensively treated surface was 2.1 times higher under dry friction conditions, and 4.5 times higher when lubricated with the "Era" grease (RF), compared with the 30H2NVFA steel nitrided by the conventional technology. In addition, there was no fragile destruction of the surface; the interaction with oxygen reduced significantly
Development of the set models and a method to form information spaces of scientific activity subjects for the steady development of higher education establishments
Authors: Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Kuchansky Alexander , Andrashko Yurii , Omirbayev Serik , Mukhatayev Aidos , Faizullin Adil , Toxanov Sapar 
Published: July 2021

This paper describes the basic conceptual apparatus required to form information spaces for scientific activity subjects. Multiple models have been built to identify collective and individual scientific activity subjects, including information on the subjects' publication citations, their abstracts, as well as their indicators in scientometric databases, etc. A conceptual scheme of interaction between collective and individual scientific activity subjects has been described, taking into consideration the dynamics of their productivity.
A method has been proposed to form the information spaces for the collective and individual scientific activity subjects such as higher education establishments and scientists. The method involves a series of stages to identify and construct citation and scientific cooperation networks, to form subject scientific spaces, and, based on them, to devise methods in order to quantify productivity. The results of methods application form the components of the relevant information spaces of scientific activity subjects. The spaces to be built could be used to solve the task of selecting subjects for the implementation of joint scientific and educational projects. In addition, these spaces could be applied to form the organizational and functional framework of the collective scientific activity subjects, including their structural units, which would contribute to ensuring their stable development.
Creating the information spaces of scientific activity subjects underlies resolving those issues that would stimulate investment in research and innovation, strengthen cooperation between universities, improve the efficiency and productivity of the scientific enterprise. It has been confirmed experimentally that the potential of a collective subject of scientific activity, including individual subjects, the rate of change of identifiers of whom is positive, would have a non-negative potential. A rate of change in the normalized indicators of identifiers of individual and collective scientific activity subjects has been calculated for the period from January 2019 to December 2020 for three higher education establishments
Devising technology for dairy products involvinglow-esterified pectin products
Authors: Nabiyeva Zhanar , Zhexenbay Nurshash , Iskakova Galiya , Kizatova Maigul , Akhmetsadykova Shynar 
Published: July 2021

The issue relatedto removing heavy and radioactive metals from the body is relevant all over the world. Chemical preparations for removing heavy metals and radionuclides are not effective enough, causing the depletion of trace elements in the body. It is effective to use substances contained in natural foods that do not cause side effects and provide for protective action. These substances include pectin, safe natural detoxifying agents that remove toxins from the body.
When processing fruits and vegetables, pectin remains in the pomace thatis valuable for obtaining competitive products. There are techniques to produce pectin from plant raw materials by using enzymes that are harmless to health. The use of pectin concentrates in combination with dairy raw materials makes it possible to obtain biologically complete products with functional properties.
A concentrate containing 5 %of pectin was used in the study reported in this paper.
Raw materials were studied in terms of important indicators of their quality and safety, to determine their suitability and further use in yogurt technology. The formulations of yogurts have been devisedinvolving the application of low-esterified beet pectin concentrate, whose degree of etherification is 34.7 % and the complex-forming capacity is 290 mg Рb2+/g. It has been established that the most optimal sample contains pectin in the amount of 0.5 % per milk mass. To preserve the vitamin composition, the yogurts were prepared under the classic pasteurization regime of 72 to 75 °C with a 20 s aging.
In the future, the industrial implementation of the devised technologies and formulations of pectin-containing dairy products could provide the population with products that have functional properties and contribute to the prevention of socially significant diseases