bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Transport Characteristics of Olivine Particles under Electron Irradiation in Vacuum
Authors: Gan Hong , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Xiaoping , Jin Hong , Li Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Electrostatic dust transport on airless planetary bodies, such as the Moon, plays a crucial role in shaping their surface environment and influencing the evolution of surface materials. To investigate the effects of electron irradiation on the transport characteristics of micron-sized dust particles under simulated lunar conditions, we measured the diameters and velocities of moving olivine particles using a laser Doppler system. Experiments were conducted under electron irradiation with energies up to 500 eV and currents ranging from 1 to 500 μA. The results demonstrate a strong dependence of electrostatic dust migration on the incident electrons’ energy and current, with more pronounced effects observed at higher energies. This offers insights into the mechanisms behind localized dust migration during magnetic tail crossings and in the lunar terminal/polar plasma wakes, where electrostatic charging likely plays a key role. However, further observations are necessary to verify these phenomena fully. Olivine particles exhibited significantly higher transport rates than anorthite particles under the same conditions, confirming the distinct transport characteristics of various dust components. Furthermore, based on the patched charge model, we examined the driving force and initial vertical velocity distribution to better understand the mechanisms behind dust lofting. These findings provide valuable insights into dust transport mechanisms on airless planetary surfaces, with implications for future space exploration missions and environmental modeling.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Models to Identify Potential Palliative Care Beneficiaries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bressler Toby , Song Jiyoun , Kamalumpundi Vijayvardhan , Chae Sena , Song Hyunjin , Tark Aluem 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
The current review examined the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques in palliative care, specifically focusing on models used to identify potential beneficiaries of palliative services among individuals with chronic and terminal illnesses.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted across four electronic databases. Five studies met inclusion criteria, all of which applied AI/ML models to predict outcomes relevant to palliative care, such as mortality or the need for services.

Results
Of 1,504 studies screened, five studies used supervised ML algorithms, whereas one used natural language processing with a deep learning model to identify potential palliative care candidates. The most common AI/ML algorithms included neural network–based models, logistic regression, and tree-based models.

Conclusion

AI and ML models offer promising avenues for identifying palliative care beneficiaries. As AI continues to evolve, its potential to reshape palliative care through early identification is significant, providing opportunities for timely and targeted care interventions. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 51
(1), 7–14.]
Utility of Fluorescein Angiography for Early Detection of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy in Neurodevelopmental Disorder With Spastic Diplegia and Visual Defects due to
CTNNB1
Variants
Authors: Requejo Figueroa Guillermo A. , Morgan Denise J. , Jardine Griffin J. , Young Marielle P. , Hwang Eileen S. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To investigate whether wide-angle fluorescein angiography (FA) was useful for detecting familial exudative retinopathy (FEVR) in patients with neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic diplegia and visual defects (NEDSDV).

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review from 2013 to 2023 of all consecutive patients with NEDSDV and pathogenic or likely pathogenic
CTNNB1
variants.

Results
Seven patients (four females, three males) were seen in the ophthalmology clinic (median age: 14 months). One patient presented with a retinal fold in one eye, was observed without FA, and later developed a tractional retinal detachment involving the macula in the contralateral eye. Another patient observed without FA lost vision due to vitreous hemorrhage. Five patients who lacked signs of FEVR in clinic underwent FA under anesthesia; three showed retinal neovascularization or leakage requiring treatment, one showed mild avascularity, and one was normal.

Conclusions
Despite reassuring eye examinations in the clinic, two patients with NEDSDV experienced vi- sion loss from FEVR, and three patients were found by FA to require treatment. FA aided in the detection of FEVR in these patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Relaxin-2 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a comment on the termination of a phase-II trial investigating the relaxin-2 analogue, LY3540378
Authors: Dschietzig Thomas Bernd , Salama Guy 
Published: December 2024

On November 25, 2024, Eli Lilly and Company informed the public about the decision to terminate their phase-2 study, J3E-MC-EZDB with the relaxin-2 analogue, LY3540378, after data analysis of 40% of participants had indicated futility without immediate signs of patient risk. The study enrolled patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction within 2 weeks of an event of worsening heart failure with volume overload to receive 3 different doses of LY3540378 or placebo as weekly subcutaneous injection.In this Editorial, we compare LY3540378 and related long-acting relaxin-2 analogues with native relaxin-2. It is demonstrated that the modifications to native relaxin-2 to increase its half-life in circulation have been achieved at the cost of i) safety and ii) signalling pathways pivotal to the treatment of HFpEF. In terms of safety concerns, elevated immunogenicity attributed to the fusion to Fc or antibody fragments is forwarded, as well as impairment of therapy control in blood pressure-labile HFpEF patients due to overly prolonged administration intervals. With respect to signalling, we elaborate on the glucocorticoid-receptor and Wnt1 pathways that control anti-inflammatory and anti-arrhythmic therapy effects. It is highly unlikely that those pathways are activated by the long-acting relaxin-2 analogues. Using the Wn1 pathway, native relaxin-2 increases markedly the expression of the fast sodium channel, Nav1.5 in cardiomyocytes from aged rats, to ~200 % after 48 hours. In contrast, increasing doses of a single-chain analogue of relaxin-2, B(7-33) have no effect on Nav1.5.In summary, we make a case for the therapeutic use of full-length, native-structure human relaxin-2 in HF, especially in HFpEF. We need the full pleiotropy of the native peptide for a most complex clinical syndrome.
Assessing the Quantity of Neuropeptide Y in the Serum of Patients Referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital with Covid-19 Concerning Inflammatory Factors Following Steroid Therapy
Authors: Mousavi Navid , Shankayi Zeynab , Bahrami Farideh , Mohammadzadeh Tahereh , Alishiri Gholam Hossein , Rezaei Milad Asghardoust , Saberi Mohsen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
With the extensive presence of Covid-19, it is imperative to find compounds that can obstruct the virus’s inflammatory activity and perhaps even stop the inflammatory phase from occurring. Several neuropeptides act as immune system regulators, which nerve terminals release as co-transmitters. It has been suggested that Neuropeptide Y (NPY) may be involved in inflammatory diseases through its ability to regulate the function of inflammatory cells. Consequently, the present study was designed to examine the changes in this neuropeptide in the serum of patients with Covid-19 disease, particularly following anti-inflammatory treatment, and its relationship with other inflammatory factors such as TNF-α.

Methods:
The demographic information, vital and clinical signs (blood oxygen saturation level, blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature), laboratory factors such as blood factors, inflammation, and blood electrolytes, as well as the use of steroids, were collected before and after steroid treatment the patient files. As part of the study, serum samples from patients were used to measure levels of NPY and TNF-α inflammatory factors using an ELISA kit. Additionally, the correlation between NPY values, other inflammatory factors, and other variables was examined before and after treatment.

Results:
NPY, TNF-α, c-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels were significantly reduced after steroid treatment. But the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) factor level increased after treatment compared to the initial evaluation. Lymphocytes and neutrophils also changed after drug treatment. Results indicated a high correlation between NPY and TNF-α. In addition to TNF-α, NPY, creatinine, and BUN presented a direct and significant relationship. ESR and BUN factors showed a positive and significant correlation regarding the length of hospitalization. However, the correlation between NPY and TNF-α with hospitalization length was insignificant.

Conclusion:
Since the current study had a significant association between NPY and TNF-α, the regulating function of this peptide in Covid-19 inflammatory processes may be validated. Enough that it is crucial to consider NPY as a marker and its antagonist as a potential Covid-19 therapy. Also, the considerable reduction in NPY levels after steroid therapy to lower inflammatory variables supports the regulatory function of this peptide in inflammatory processes.
Association between Health Literacy with Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Cross Sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Dehghani Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Multiple sclerosis is one of the diseases of the central nervous system, which causes numerous physical and mental problems. Since stress, anxiety and depression are effective in various dimensions of chronic diseases management and considering that health literacy plays a decisive role in the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the association between health literacy and stress, anxiety and depression.

Materials and Methods:
The current research is a cross-sectional analytical study that was conducted with the participation of 164 patient’s from the MS society of Jahrom city with convenience sampling. The data collection tool was the health literacy questionnaire of multiple sclerosis patients and a 21-question stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire. SPSS - 21 software, descriptive statistics and spearman and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The findings showed that the majority of patients had a borderline health literacy (53.7%). 43.3% of patients had adequate level of health literacy. Also, the findings showed that the stress, anxiety and depression levels of the majority of patients were moderate. Spearman’s test showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between health literacy and stress in multiple sclerosis patients (p=0.03) (r=-0.37). While there was no significant correlation between health literacy and anxiety and depression of patients.

Conclusion:
The findings showed that with the increase in the health literacy, the rate of stress in patient’s decreases.
The Effect of 5A Self-management Program on Medication Adherence of Epileptic Patients During the COVID – 19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moosavimoghadam Seyede Fateme , Dehghani Ali , Akbar Rasool Eslami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Adherence to medication adherence plays a vital role in controlling the problems and complications of epilepsy. During the COVID – 19 pandemic and limitations of face-to-face education, the use of distance education can play an important role in providing education to patients. The aim of this study is the effect of model 5A self-management training on medication adherence in epileptic patients.

Methods:
In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 56 epileptic patients referred to Shiraz Namazi Hospital were divided into intervention and control groups using random allocation. Thereafter, 5A self - management training sessions were virtually held in 5 sessions in WhatsApp application for intervention group. The data collection tool was MMAS-8 at two stages of before and two months after intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software.

Results:
The results of Wilcoxon test showed that in intervention group, the mean drug adherence in patients after intervention significantly increased compared to before intervention (p = 0.005). But in control group, this was not significant (p = 0.909). According to results of Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups before intervention (p = 0.632). However, by passing two months from intervention, a significant difference was found between intervention and control groups (p = 0.041).

Conclusions:
Based on results, the implementation of model 5A can be effective on medication adherence in epileptic patients. This program can be considered as a suitable method in epileptic patients during COVID – 19 pandemic.
Tumefactive Demyelination Lesions: Report on Three Cases
Authors: Lin Chi-Ju , Lin Shih-Chieh , Yu Kai-Wei , Yang Wen-Yu Ou , Lee Yi-Chung , Liao Yi-Chu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Tumefactive demyelination (TD) lesion and its subtype Balo’s concentric sclerosis (BCS), are rare manifestations of central nervous system demyelinating disease. Because of its rarity, physicians might hesitate in reaching a diagnosis or initiating steroid pulse therapy. This study aims at pinpointing the key neuroimaging features to distinguish TD lesions from surgical conditions, and illustrating the clinical outcomes of patients with TD lesions.

Case report:
Two of the three patients had solitary TD lesions, one 47-year-old man presenting with newly onset seizure and another 54-year-old women suffering from progressive hemiparesis. The male patient underwent craniotomy for mass excision without further steroid therapy, while the female patient received methylprednisolone pulse therapy only. Both patients remained free of clinical and radiological relapses over the past 6-7 years, leading to the diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome. The third case is a 30-year-old woman with subacute onset of dysarthria and hemiparesis. She had two BCS lesions along with other demyelinating lesions in the juxtacortical and periventricular regions, cerebellar peduncles, and spinal cord, fulfilling dissemination in time and space. Her neurological deficits resolved after pulse therapy, and she received long-term disease modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Conclusion:
This study underscores the diverse neuroimaging and clinical presentations of patients with TD lesions, and emphasizes the importance of clinical vigilance regarding this rare condition.
Oxygen Saturation and Perceived Discomfort with Different Face Masks among Dental Professionals – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Manoharan Prarthana , Gunasekaran Lalithambigai , Shavi Girish R. , Shanmugam Shankar , Sennan Senthil Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The protection and efficacy of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented. COVID-19 is spread by respiratory droplets, and dental professionals are mandatory to wear masks for protection. Post-COVID, it is new normal to wear a face mask in day-to-day life.

Objective:
It was a cross-sectional study conducted among dental professionals at Vivekananda Dental College for Women. We sought to evaluate the impact of masks on health-care workers and their arterial saturation during periods of active clinical hours.

Methodology:
A self-constructed pretested questionnaire of 16 queries regarding the effects of prolonged use of masks, after being analyzed by the experts of our institution, was used. People who are all dentists by profession can participate in this study. All the collected information was sent for statistical analysis.

Results:
The result obtained shows that the majority were using surgical reusable masks, without proper maintenance and disposal, with associated discomfort and breathlessness after wearing them for 6 h a day. While comparing the individual’s oxygen saturation levels, <95 saturation was highly correlated with N95 mask wearers, using more than 6 h/day.

Conclusion:
Since face masks are part of the new normal world, certain strategies can be followed to reduce the discomfort by prolonged usage such as nasal breathing, taking short breaks from wearing masks in a safe environment, and maintaining proper hydration.
Acute kidney injury in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients
Authors: Matbouly Safa , Mohamed Wafaa E.I. , Nabil Esraa , Sallam Dina E. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a common complication in children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and it is an independent risk factor for survival as well as a predictor of progression to chronic kidney disease. However, the reasons for these issues are varied, often overlapping, and poorly understood.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective analysis of children undergoing HSCT at the Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit, Faculty of Medicine, between April 2011 and February 2020. The development of AKI, defined according to the Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease, was recorded and correlated to different demographics, medications, complications, and other risk factors.

Results
We included 29 patients (16 boys, 13 girls) with a median age of 6.2 years, where AKI developed in 22/29 (75.9%) individuals within the first 90 days of HSCT. The most predominant complication post-HSCT was infections which happened in 20/29 (69%) patients, followed by acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) (19/29, 65.5%), while neurological complications (in the form of disturbed conscious level and convulsions) occurred in 6/29 (20.7%), and hematological complications (thrombocytopenia) in 1/29 (3.4%). Posttransplant AKI was linked to the age of the patients, where younger patients were more susceptible to developing AKI in addition to aGvHD and infections (P=0.03 and 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Posttransplant AKI was common and correlated strongly with younger age group infections, aGvHD, and combinations of antibiotic and antifungal medications. Controllable measures like reducing anti-infective doses, minimizing infections, and aGvHD incidence are required to avoid late renal injury in children posttransplantation.
Correlation of intensive care coronavirus disease 2019 infected patients with ABO blood group system as regards morbidity and mortality in single center, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Osman Yasser , Alhashem Fatema 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Exploring the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality is an objective for many investigators.
Current study aims to find the possible relation of the ABO blood group system with COVID-19 morbidity, and mortality in our ICU patients at King Fahd Hospital of University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from the Quadra Med electronic system by reviewing patients’ files over two years from January 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2021. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 20, Chicago, USA).

Results
The study sample consisted of 130 patients admitted to ICU. Patients mean age (62.2 ± 15.3-year-old). 62% males and 38% females. Patients with blood group O+ had the longest hospital stay (35.5 days), followed by A+ patients (34.3 days), and B+ patients (33.3 days), while A– blood group patients had the minimum hospitalization (24 days). The O+ blood group patients had the highest rate of emergency airway intubation, and thrombotic complications compared with patients with other blood groups (P<0.05). In addition, the O+ blood group had the highest mortality rate of 42.6%, whereas AB+ blood group patients had the lowest mortality rate of 2% (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Patients with O+ blood group are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection, morbidity, and mortality compared with patients with other blood groups. The outcomes of this research suggest earlier vaccination, intensive management, and close monitoring of O+ blood group patients for their higher risk of developing serious COVID-19 complications. Our results could be implemented through better management approaches, especially for seriously ill COVID-19 patients in our local community.
Groin lumps during pregnancy: Exploring the knowledge gap among surgeons and obstetricians regarding round ligament varicosities
Authors: Malaibari Zaid , Aldemyati Razaz , Alrahil Reham H. , Alshehri Shumoukh H. , Alrahil Rahaf H. , Alghabban Ahmed T. , Alshamrani Salman A. , Alzubaidi Salihah S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to evaluate awareness and management strategies among obstetricians and surgeons in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for round ligament varicosities (RLV) during pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An online questionnaire was distributed through convenience sampling to surgeons and obstetricians across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It assessed demographics, clinical knowledge, experience in diagnosing and managing groin lumps during pregnancy, and engagement in continuing medical education.

RESULTS:
Of the 39 participants, 56.41% (n = 22) were obstetricians and 43.59% (n = 17) were surgeons, with the majority having 5–10 years of practice (35.90%, n = 14). Groin hernia was reported as the most frequent diagnosis for groin lumps during pregnancy (43.59%, n = 17), whereas only 7.69% (n = 3) identified RLV, indicating a significant gap in recognizing RLV. Furthermore, 35.90% (n = 14) recognized RLV as a differential diagnosis, but only 25.64% (n = 10) were aware of its management.

CONCLUSION:
RLV, which is more common than hernias during pregnancy, is often misdiagnosed due to its similar presentation. Accurate differentiation, often achieved through ultrasound, is crucial as management strategies significantly differ. This study underscores the need for enhanced awareness and training among obstetricians and surgeons to accurately diagnose and manage RLV. The observed knowledge gaps highlight the critical role of continuous medical education in improving patient care. These findings will guide a larger study to assess practices across the Kingdom and develop national recommendations for the management of RLV and groin hernias during pregnancy.