bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault Pattern and Seismotectonic Style of the Campania – Lucania 1980 Earthquake (Mw 6.9, Southern Italy): New Multidisciplinary Constraints
Authors: Bello S. , de Nardis R. , Scarpa R. , Brozzetti F. , Cirillo D. , Ferrarini F. , di Lieto B. , Arrowsmith R. J. , Lavecchia G. 
Published: January 2021

New fault trace mapping and structural survey of the active faults outcropping within the epicentral area of the Campania-Lucania 1980 normal fault earthquake (Mw6.9) are integrated with a revision of pre-existing earthquake data and with an updated interpretation of the CROP-04 near-vertical seismic profile to reconstruct the surface and depth geometry, the kinematics and stress tensor of the seismogenic fault pattern. Three main fault alignments, organized in high-angle en-echelon segments of several kilometers in length, are identified and characterized. The inner and intermediate ones, i.e. Inner Irpinia (InIF) and Irpinia Faults (IF), dip eastward; the outer Antithetic Fault (AFA) dips westward. Both the InIF and the IF strike NW-SE along the northern and central segments and rotate to W-E along the southern segments for at least 16 km. We provide evidence of surface coseismic faulting (up to 1 m) not recognized before along the E-W segments and document coseismic ruptures with maximum vertical displacement up to ∼1 m where already surveyed from other investigators 40 years ago. Fault/slip data from surface data and a new compilation of focal mechanisms (1980 – 2018) were used for strain and stress analyses to show a coherent NNE-directed least principal stress over time and at different crustal depths, with a crustal-scale deviation from the classic SW-NE tensional direction across the Apennines of Italy. The continuation at depth of the outcropping faults is analyzed along the trace of the CROP-04 profile and with available hypocentral distributions. Integrating all information, a 3D seismotectonic model, extrapolated to the base of the seismogenic layer, is built. It outlines a graben-like structure with a southern E-W bend developed at depth shallower than 10–12 km, at the hanging wall of an extensional NE- to E-dipping extensional basal detachment. In our interpretation, such a configuration implies a control in the stress transfer during the 1980 earthquake ruptures and provides a new interpretation of the second sub-event, occurred at 20 s. Our reconstruction suggests that the latter ruptured a hanging wall NNE-dipping splay of the E-W striking main fault segment and possibly also an antithetic SSW-dipping splay, in two in-sequence episodes.
Using Google Earth Images to Extract Dense Landslides Induced by Historical Earthquakes at the Southwest of Ordos, China
Authors: Peng Du , Yueren Xu , Qinjian Tian , Wenqiao Li 
Published: January 2021

As historical earthquake records are simple, determining the source parameters of historical strong earthquakes over an extended period is difficult. There are numerous uncertainties in the study of historical earthquakes based on limited literature records. Co-seismic landslide interpretation combined with historical documents can yield the possibility of reducing these uncertainties. The dense co-seismic landslides can be preserved for hundreds to thousands of years in Loess Plateau, North China; furthermore, there are notable attribute differences between earthquake landslides and rainfall-triggered landslides. Along the southwestern margin of the Ordos Block, only one severe earthquake has been recorded in the past 3,000 years. The records of “Sanchuan exhaustion and Qishan collapse” provide clues for an investigation of the 780 BC Qishan earthquake. In this study, combined with historical documents, current high-resolution Google Earth images were used to extract historical landslides along the southwestern of the Ordos Block. There were 6,876 landslides with a total area of 643 km2. The landslide-intensive areas were mainly distributed along the Longxian–Qishan–Mazhao Fault in the loess valley area on the northeastern side of the fault. Loess tableland and river terraces occur on the southwest side of the fault; dense landslides have not been examined due to the topographical conditions in this area. By analyzing the spatial distribution of historical earthquake damage in this region, comparing the characteristics of rainfall-triggered landslides, and combining existing dating results for bedrock collapse and loess landslides, the interpretation of dense historical landslides can be linked to the Qishan Earthquake. The interpretation results are associated with historical records. Analyses of current earthquake cases show that the distribution of dense landslides triggered by strong earthquakes can indicate the episeismic area of an earthquake. In addition, the non-integrated landslide catalog without small- and medium-scale coseismic landslides can be used to effectively determine the source parameters of historical strong earthquakes and perform quantitative evaluations. This study evaluates the focal parameters of the 780 BC Qishan earthquake based on interpretations of the spatial distribution range of historical landslides as representations of the range of the extreme earthquake zone.
Is Sugarcane a Convenient Feedstock to Provide Ethanol to Oxygenate Gasolines in Mexico? A Process Simulation and Techno-Economic-Based Analysis
Authors: Aburto Jorge , Martínez-Hernández Elías 
Published: January 2021

Sugarcane is a major crop produced in many tropical countries including Mexico and has been the basis of a well-established agroindustry. However, the variation in market prices and health concerns over the consumption of sugar are challenging the economics and sustainability of sugarcane growers and mills. This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of using existing production capacity of sugarcane in Mexico and the correspondent Mexican sugarcane mills for producing ethanol as gasoline oxygenate, in comparison to the export of excess sugar production. Using the most recent statistics, we found out that the bioethanol potential is of 849,260,499 L/year which can cover for 100% of the premium and magna gasoline demand in metropolitan area (MA) and 48% of premium gasoline in rest of the country areas (RoCAs) at 5.8% w/v blending (2.7% O2 w/v). This can be done by diverting the 20% sugar production excess to ethanol with the benefit of a higher gross netback of 308.3 USD/ton of sugarcane in comparison to 222.5 USD/ton of sugarcane when it is exported. Furthermore, a minimum ethanol-selling price (MESP) of 0.5211 USD/L was estimated, showing that ethanol might be competitive against methyl tert-butyl ether (0.50 USD/L FOB Gulf price) as gasoline oxygenate agent. Decarbonizing gasoline in Mexico through the use of ethanol might allow the abatement of 5,766.8 kg CO2/day when 20% sugar is used. Concerning the underconstruction Dos Bocas refinery in Tabasco State, southern Mexico, ethanol blend at 5.8% in gasolines might but also contribute to the abatement of 6.1% of CO2 emissions and the required sugarcane was estimated at 1 million tons per year. All these indicate that sugarcane has a great potential as a feedstock to produce first-generation ethanol as a gasoline oxygenate agent in Mexico.
Interferon Receptor Trafficking and Signaling: Journey to the Cross Roads
Authors: Zanin Natacha , Viaris de Lesegno Christine , Lamaze Christophe , Blouin Cedric M. 
Published: January 2021

Like most plasma membrane proteins, type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) traffics from the outer surface to the inner compartments of the cell. Long considered as a passive means to simply control subunits availability at the plasma membrane, an array of new evidence establishes IFNAR endocytosis as an active contributor to the regulation of signal transduction triggered by IFN binding to IFNAR. During its complex journey initiated at the plasma membrane, the internalized IFNAR complex, i.e. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits, will experience post-translational modifications and recruit specific effectors. These finely tuned interactions will determine not only IFNAR subunits destiny (lysosomal degradation vs. plasma membrane recycling) but also the control of IFN-induced signal transduction. Finally, the IFNAR system perfectly illustrates the paradigm of the crosstalk between membrane trafficking and intracellular signaling. Investigating the complexity of IFN receptor intracellular routes is therefore necessary to reveal new insight into the role of IFNAR membrane dynamics in type I IFNs signaling selectivity and biological activity.
Intestinal Stem Cells and Immune Cell Relationships: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Hou Qihang , Huang Jingxi , Ayansola Hammed , Masatoshi Hori , Zhang Bingkun 
Published: January 2021

The mammalian intestine is the largest immune organ that contains the intestinal stem cells (ISC), differentiated epithelial cells (enterocytes, Paneth cells, goblet cells, tuft cells, etc.), and gut resident-immune cells (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cell, etc.). Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by mucosa damage and inflammation, threatens the integrity of the intestine. The continuous renewal and repair of intestinal mucosal epithelium after injury depend on ISCs. Inflamed mucosa healing could be a new target for the improvement of clinical symptoms, disease recurrence, and resection-free survival in IBD treated patients. The knowledge about the connections between ISC and immune cells is expanding with the development of in vitro intestinal organoid culture and single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Recent findings implicate that immune cells such as T cells, ILCs, dendritic cells, and macrophages and cytokines secreted by these cells are critical in the regeneration of ISCs and intestinal epithelium. Transplantation of ISC to the inflamed mucosa may be a new therapeutic approach to reconstruct the epithelial barrier in IBD. Considering the links between ISC and immune cells, we predict that the integration of biological agents and ISC transplantation will revolutionize the future therapy of IBD patients.
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Adult Patients With Pneumonia Related to Three Paramyxoviruses
Authors: Chen Liang , Han Xiudi , Li YanLi , Zhang Chunxiao , Xing Xiqian 
Published: January 2021

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) are paramyxoviruses (PMVs) that are important etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia. However, current knowledge about the clinical features and outcomes of PMV-related pneumonia (PMV-p) is limited. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and disease severity in immunocompetent adults hospitalized with hMPV-related pneumonia (hMPV-p), hPIV-related pneumonia (hPIV-p), or RSV-related pneumonia (RSV-p).Methods: We retrospectively recruited 488 patients with PMV-p (153 with RSV-p, 137 with hMPV-p, and 198 with hPIV-p) from five teaching hospitals in China during 2011–2019. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors to distinguish hMPV-p/hPIV-p from RSV-p and evaluate the effects of virus types on the clinical outcomes.Results: Compared with RSV-p, sputum production [odds ratio (OR) 5.029, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.452–10.312, P &lt; 0.001] was positively associated with hMPV-p, while solid malignant tumor (OR 0.346, 95% CI 0.126–0.945, P = 0.038), nasal congestion (OR 0.102, 95% CI 0.041–0.251, P &lt; 0.001), and respiratory rate ≥ 30 breaths/min (OR 0.296, 95% CI 0.136–0.640, P = 0.002) were negatively related to hMPV-p. Sputum production (OR 13.418, 95% CI 6.769–26.598, P &lt; 0.001) was positively associated with hPIV-p, while nasal congestion (OR 0.194, 95% CI 0.098–0.387, P &lt; 0.001), dyspnea (OR 0.469, 95% CI 0.272–0.809, P &lt; 0.001), and respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min (OR 0.090, 95% CI 0.032–0.257, P &lt; 0.001) on admission were negatively related to hPIV-p. After adjustment for confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that hMPV-p (OR 0.355, 95% CI 0.135–0.932, P = 0.035) and hPIV-p (OR 0.311, 95% CI 0.121–0.784, P = 0.013) were associated with decreased 30-day mortality compared with RSV-p. RSV infection (OR 4.183, 95% CI 1.709–10.236, P = 0.002) was identified as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with PMV-p.Conclusion: RSV-p caused more severe disease than hMPV-p and hPIV-p. Although some clinical features are helpful for distinguishing the diseases, etiologic diagnosis is critical in the management of the PMV-p.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19
Authors: Kifer Domagoj , Bugada Dario , Villar-Garcia Judit , Gudelj Ivan , Menni Cristina , Sudre Carole , Vučković Frano , Ugrina Ivo , Lorini Luca F. , Posso Margarita , Bettinelli Silvia , Ughi Nicola , Maloberti Alessandro , Epis Oscar , Giannattasio Cristina , Rossetti Claudio , Kalogjera Livije , Peršec Jasminka , Ollivere Luke , Ollivere Benjamin J. , Yan Huadong , Cai Ting , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Steves Claire J. , Kantele Anu , Kajova Mikael , Vapalahti Olli , Sajantila Antti , Wojtowicz Rafal , Wierzba Waldemar , Krol Zbigniew , Zaczynski Artur , Zycinska Katarina , Postula Marek , Lukšić Ivica , Čivljak Rok , Markotić Alemka , Brachmann Johannes , Markl Andreas , Mahnkopf Christian , Murray Benjamin , Ourselin Sebastien , Valdes Ana M. , Horcajada Juan P. , Castells Xavier , Pascual Julio , Allegri Massimo , Primorac Dragan , Spector Tim D. , Barrios Clara , Lauc Gordan 
Published: January 2021

Background:Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented.Methods:We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application.Findings:Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973–0.988,p&lt; 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773–0.944,p= 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time.Interpretation:Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation.
A Novel Bipolar Polypectomy Snare Can Be an Alternative Choice for Endoscopic Resection
Authors: Chen Shengsen , Zhou Danping , Ruan Rongwei , Yu Jiangping , Li Yandong , Liu Yuanshun , Wang Shi 
Published: January 2021

Objective:Endoscopic resection (ER) is more difficult and has a higher rate of complications, such as perforation and bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a bipolar polypectomy snare for ER.Methods:Initial ER procedures in live pigs were carried out. Then, a human feasibility study was performed in patients with colorectal polyps. Finally, the finite element method was used to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the new bipolar snare.Results:In the live animal model, there were no significant differences in wound size and cutting time between monopolar and bipolar groups. The histological results (histological scores) of the two groups in porcine experiments were almost the same except that the incision flatness of bipolar group was better than that of the monopolar group. Incidence of bleeding and perforation was similar between the two groups in pigs' and patients' study. At last, the finite element model showed that the vertical thermal damage depth produced by bipolar snare system was approximately 71–76% of that produced by monopolar snare system at the same power.Conclusions:The novel bipolar snare is feasible in patients with colorectal polyps and can be an alternative choice for ERs.
Use of Chinese Herbal Medicines Is Related to a Reduction in Depression Risk Among Patients With Insomnia: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Chiao Yun-Wen , Livneh Hanoch , Guo How-Ran , Chen Wei-Jen , Lu Ming-Chi , Lin Miao-Chiu , Yeh Chia-Chou , Tsai Tzung-Yi 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Subjects with insomnia have a higher risk of depression, thus possibly making them live with serious health conditions. To date, information regarding the effect of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), a commonly used complementary and alternative medicine, on depression risk among people with insomnia is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CHMs on the risk of depression among individuals with insomnia.Methods: This cohort study used a national health insurance database to identify 68,573 subjects newly diagnosed with insomnia, aged 20–70 years, who received treatment between 1998 and 2010. Using propensity score matching, we randomly selected 26,743 CHMs users and 26,743 non-CHMs users from this sample. All enrollees were followed to the end of 2012 to identify any treatment for depression as the end point. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute the adjusted hazard ratio of depression associated with CHMs use.Results: After utilizing the propensity score matching, we randomly selected 26,743 CHMs users and 26,743 non-CHMs users from this sample. During follow up, 3,328 CHMs users and 6,988 non-CHMs users developed depression at incidence rates of 17.24 and 37.97 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. CHMs users had a lower depression risk than the non-CHMs users (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.44; 95% Confidence Interval, 0.42–0.46). The greatest effect was observed for those taking CHMs for more than 2 years. Gegen, Huangqin, Dan-Shen, Beimu, Dahuang, Shegan, Shu-jing-huo-xue-tang, Ge-gen-tang, Shao-yao-gan-cao-tang and Píng wèi sǎn were significantly associated with a lower risk of depression.Conclusions: Findings from this study demonstrated that adding CHMs to conventional treatment significantly reduces depression risk among patients with insomnia.
Angiographic Evaluation and Endovascular Treatment Considerations of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With a Transdural Blood Supply: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Hou Kun , Xu Kan , Qu Lai , Li Guichen , Guo Yunbao , Yu Jinlu 
Published: January 2021

Background: In rare circumstances, brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) can recruit a transdural blood supply (TBS). The clinical and radiologic characteristics of BAVMs with a TBS are poorly understood.Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records was conducted for adult patients who were admitted for BAVMs from Jan 2013 to Dec 2019. TBSs for BAVMs were divided into 3 types: (1) unilateral TBSs from the external carotid artery (ECA) and/or meningeal branch of the vertebral artery (VA); (2) bilateral TBSs from the ECA and/or meningeal branch of the VA; and (3) meningohypophyseal trunk TBSs of the internal carotid artery.Results: Four hundred and twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with BAVMs during the study period, of whom 30 (7.0%, 30/428) were identified as having a TBS. Type 1, type 2, and type 3 TBSs were identified in 21 (70%, 21/30), 7 (23.3%, 7/30), and 2 (6.7%, 2/30) patients, respectively. Six (20%, 6/30) patients were conservatively managed. Twelve (40%, 12/30) patients underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) of the BAVM through non-TBS feeders. Eight (26.8%, 8/30) patients underwent EVT of the BAVM both through the TBS and non-TBS feeders. The modified Rankin Scale scores at the 3-month follow-up were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 5 in 24 (80%, 24/30), 2 (6.7%, 2/30), 2 (6.7%, 2/30), 1 (3.3%, 1/30), and 1 (3.3%, 1/30) patients, respectively. Good short-term recovery was achieved in 86.7% (26/30) of the patients. The size of the BAVMs with a TBS was larger than that of BAVMs without a TBS. Patients with higher Spetzler-Martin grades tended to have a TBS. No statistical difference was noted between the patients with and without a TBS with regard to age, sex, location, or concurrent aneurysms.Conclusions: This study showed that a TBS was likely to develop in patients with larger BAVMs and that a TBS was likely to be located in the temporal lobe in patients BAVMs with higher SM grades. Weak structures were the primary targets of management. In addition, a BAVM could be embolized via the TBS.
Effectiveness of Lomustine Combined With Bevacizumab in Glioblastoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ren Xing , Ai Di , Li Tong , Xia Lei , Sun Lingzhi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Despite surgical and chemotherapeutical treatment options, the prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) remains poor. Some studies have found that using lomustine plus bevacizumab to treat GBM can prolong overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of the two drugs in combination treatment of GBM using a meta-analysis of the existing literature to help settle the ongoing debate.Materials and Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the effectiveness of lomustine plus bevacizumab in GBM literature, updated on June 6, 2020. The main outcomes analyzed included PFS and OS; the effects of this drug combination on the 6-month PFS, which represents the percentage of patients who had PFS for 6 months, were also analyzed. All the data were pooled: OS and PFS with the mean difference (MD) and 6-month PFS with the risk ratio (RR). Because there were different control groups and dose groups, two subgroup analyses were run to ensure they were comparable. All statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager Version 5.3 software.Results: Six clinical trials were identified which included 1,095 patients (treatment group: 516; control group: 579). The group treated with lomustine and bevacizumab showed an improvement in OS (MD =1.37; 95% CI, 0.49–2.25; p = 0.002), PFS (MD = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13–0.34; p &lt; 0.00001), and 6-month PFS (RR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.43–3.65; p = 0.0005). Two subgroup analyses of the main outcome, OS, show that the results of Control group A (p = 0.01) and Dose group 2 (p = 0.003) are significantly different from those of the other control or dose groups.Conclusion: This study shows that lomustine and bevacizumab can effectively increase OS, PFS, and 6-month PFS in patients with GBM. The encouraging results of the lomustine and bevacizumab combination therapy for GBM should be studied in more clinical trials in the future.