bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Food Colorants on Color of Denture Base Acrylic Resins
Authors: Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar , Vyas Rajesh , Pati Sourav Kumar , Thakkar Radhika , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Acrylic resin has been successfully used for complete denture fabrication for many years. Color stability is very crucial clinical properties for dental materials, and color change may be an indicator of aging or damaging of materials.

Aim and Objectives:
This study has been designed to determine the color stability of heat cure denture base acrylic resins in commonly consumed solutions causing stains.

Methodology:
Four hundred disc samples of four commercially used heat cure denture base resins (Trevalon®, DPI®, Veracril®, and Pyrax®) were fabricated (100 in each group). These were checked for any change in optical density by immersing them in four different staining solutions (tea, coffee, turmeric, and betel leaf, i.e., paan) and synthetic saliva for 1-month synthetic saliva was taken as control. The denture cleansers were also evaluated for their efficacy determined by their ability to remove the stains caused by the staining solutions.

Results:
It was observed that Trevalon® showed least change in optical density and coffee illustrated the maximum potential for staining the denture base resins and is the most difficult to be removed using a denture cleanser.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that Trevalon® demonstrated maximum color stability. Among the staining solutions, coffee caused maximum stains.
In vitro Results of Scanning Technique on Assessing Cement Thickness and Interfacial Nanoleakage of Luted CAD/CAM-Fabricated Fiber Posts
Authors: Vaddamanu Sunil Kumar , Vyas Rajesh , Bavabeedu Shashit Shetty , Arora Suraj , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal , Kumar Amit 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Fiber posts are broadly used due to their good esthetics and elasticity close to that of dentin, which allows for uniform stress distribution within a root and lowers the possibility of nonrestorable root fractures.

Aim and Objectives:
The study assessed the layer of cement thickness and interfacial nanoleakage of luted fiber posts which were fabricated with CAD/CAM technology following direct scanning of the post space (DS) method, scanning of a polyether impression of the post space (IS), and scanning of a plaster model of the post space (MS).

Methodology:
Ninety premolars were chosen randomly and were assigned to three groups according to the scanning technique. Posts were computer designed and milled from experimental fiber-reinforced composite blocks.

Results:
The mean and standard deviation values of cement thickness, respectively, were: DS 172 ± 39 = m; IS 199 ± 55 = m, and MS MPa 272 ± 81 = m. The fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance compared to posts fabricated upon IS and MS, in terms of the post retention. The cement thickness did not differ between DS and IS, whereas in MS group, the cement layer was significantly thicker than in the remaining two groups. The scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage.

Conclusion:
Fiber posts fabricated following DS technique demonstrated superior performance. Furthermore, scanning technique did not influence the sealing ability, as all groups showed comparable nanoleakage.
Attitude of Dental Students towards the Rubber Dam Use in Operative Dentistry
Authors: Abuzenada Basem Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Aim:
Operative dentistry and endodontics are the two major areas where rubber dam is used extensively with special emphasis to train students on its application during dental curriculum. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the attitude of dental students toward the use of rubber dam in operative dentistry clinics along with emphasis on evaluation of its prospective application after graduation.

Materials and Methods:
A structured questionnaire-based analysis was performed among internship students of a dentistry program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questions were based on training, latex allergy, and selection of jaws for application of rubber dam and prospective use of rubber dam during practice.

Results:
A completed questionnaire by all participants (n = 110) was analyzed and subjected to statistical analysis. Around 80.9% of the students agreed that adequate and satisfactory training for rubber dam placement was imparted while 59.1% agreed that they enquire about latex allergy before placement of rubber dam. Further, 85.5% of the students planned to use rubber dam for all procedures after graduation.

Conclusion:
A promising response was exhibited by this group of future dentists toward the application of rubber dam during restorative procedures.
Effect of Chlorhexidine and Probiotics on Halitosis
Authors: Sudhakaran Sunith , Tom Jibin Jose , Shyam Arun , Mohan Sreerag , Ali Shabeer , Raj Mahesh 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of chemical method of oral hygiene practice, chlorhexidine (CHX) disinfection, and the followed consumption of probiotics on oral malodor in children. The effects of chemical and mechanical oral hygiene practice methods on the intensity of oral malodor were also evaluated.

Materials and Methods:
Organoleptic test (OLT) scores of 2 or more of 196 children were randomly allocated to four groups: 1: Conventional oral hygiene practices (COH) including flossing and tooth brushing, 2: COH + tongue scraping (TS), 3: COH + TS + CHX, and 4: COH + TS + CHX + probiotics. OLT was performed at 1-week and 3-month follow-ups.

Results:
A stable and significant number of individuals showed crucial and average levels of improvement in Group 4 OLT scores. The improvement of Group 3 OLT scores was also remarkable but not steady over the follow-ups. Neither remarkable nor steady improvements in the OLT scores was detected in Groups 1 and 2 through follow-ups.

Conclusion:
Oral disinfection followed by probiotic therapy with CHX may decrease the severity of oral malodor over a long period of time.
Relation between Childhood Asthma and Dental Erosion in Al-Kharj Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alazmah Abdulfatah 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Asthma is a long-lasting disease that affects large number of the society and could impact on the oral health leading to increase in the needs of prevention and treatment. Currently, the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi Arabia is ranging from 9% to 33%.

Objective:
the objective was to evaluate dental erosion in control children and those with asthma.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 100 children aged 3–12 years. Equally distribution of subjects was between the asthmatic and non-asthmatic group, at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Dental Clinics, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. The assessment consisted of an oral examination assessing erosive wear according to the American Academy of Pediatrics 2018 guidelines and a questionnaire to the parents/guardians addressing the background details and information about the child asthma.

Results:
Among 12 (24%) asthmatic children and 9 (18%) non-asthmatic children had dental erosion. In the adjusted analysis, no association was found between asthma and erosion. It has been shown that oral hygiene may have an effect occurrence or severity of erosion; brushing teeth once or more per day appeared to have less incidence of dental erosion compared with those not brushing their teeth regularly.

Conclusions:
This article provided no additional data than that given earlier, where no correlation was observed between asthma and dental erosion in children aged from 3 to 12 years.
Assessment of the Effect of Bone Density on Implant Stability: A Clinical Study
Authors: Sreerama Raghunadh , Kolluru Krishna Chaitanya , Gottumukkala Vineela , Innampudi Chaitanya Kumar , Konathala Jagga Rao , Krishnaveni G. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
In this study, we determined the effect of bone density on implant stability.

Methodology:
Two hundred and sixty dental implant sites in 128 patients were assessed for resonance frequency analysis (RFA) following implant insertion, at 6 months and 12 months. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was determined.

Results:
The mean ± standard deviation bone density in anterior mandible was 862.8 ± 203.4 Hounsfield units (HU), in posterior mandible was 528.4 ± 115.6 HU, in anterior maxilla was 594.2 ± 95.2 HU, and in posterior maxilla was 438.1 ± 110.2 HU. The mean insertion torque in successful implants was 38.2 ± 7.1 Ncm and in failed implants was 22.4 ± 4.2 Ncm. The mean RFA value in successful implants was 65.4 ± 5.8 and in failed implants was 45.8 ± 4.1 ISQ. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference was obtained.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of the study, we observed that successful implants exhibited higher RFA and insertion torque and were higher into failed implants suggesting a correlation of bone quality and implant stability parameters.
Utility of Chitra–HASi Granules in Cystic Defects of the Maxillofacial Region: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ramanathan Manikandhan , Tiwari Raj Kumar , Mohan Sunil Paramel , Shankar Dayasankar Prabhu , Bagadia Ritvi K. , Varma P. R. Harikrishna , Fernandez Francis Boniface , Babu S. Suresh 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Cystic defects that are critical sized or larger require bone replacement strategies. However, due to inherent disadvantages of the various types of grafts, none of the available materials are best suited for these defects. Among the alloplastic materials, hydroxyapatite (HA)-based grafts are the most popular, due to their osteoconductive nature and resemblance to mineral bone. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of the novel material “Chitra-HASi” as a bone substitute in the maxillofacial region.

Materials and Methods:
In a single-arm, prospective study, patients with radicular and dentigerous cysts were included and the minimum defect size was standardized at 20 × 20 mm or above. The Chitra–HASi material was developed by a wet precipitation technique and adopted for use following multiple in vitro and in vivo studies, confirming its safety and biocompatibility profile. All cysts underwent enucleation, followed by peripheral ostectomy and apicectomy of the teeth involved. The HASi graft was packed inside the cystic defect in a granular form and covered with a mucoperiosteal flap. Panoramic radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
Twenty-three patients were included in the study, of which only 10 patients could be followed up for 12 months after graft placement. The mean preoperative bone density was found to be 14.9% ± 4.97 (standard deviation), whereas the postoperative 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month densities had a mean difference of −11.3%, −22.9%, and −37.3%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. Minor complications such as sinus formation (n = 7) and extrusion of granules (n = 4) were noted, which were managed conservatively. Only two patients required graft removal secondary to infection, leading to a persistent sinus tract.

Conclusion:
The results of the study suggest that Chitra–HASi granules show potential as an alternative to other bone substitutes. The addition of silica to the porous HA material offers superior strength characteristics and needs long-term evaluation to assess its stability in large cystic defects.
Impact of Exchange Rate and Oil Prices on Inflation in Pakistan
Authors: Qasim Tahira Bano , Ali Hina , Baig Alina , Khakwani Maria Shams 
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the impact of Exchange Rate (Rupees Vs US $) and oil prices (Pak. Petroleum) and on the inflation rate in Pakistan by applying the Co-Integration technique to the monthly data for all the three series ranging from January 2004 to January 2019. Unit root testing results provide strong statistical evidence for each of the series to be non-stationary at the level and stationary at first difference. Co-integration testing results confirm the existence of Cointegration among the selected time series. Moreover, the empirical results of the regression of inflation on the exchange rate and oil price also lead to conclude that both the series have a strong statistical significant impact on inflation in Pakistan.
Class Conflict in Siraiki Waseeb Before Islam
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz 
Published: June 2021

The history of class conflict in Siraiki Waseeb is as old as the Indus Valley Civilization. The history of Indus Valley is interpreted as a conflict of invading nations. The Siraiki Waseeb can be called the center of the valley. The class system of the Siraiki Waseeb is influenced by the arrival of various nations. The ancient Australoid tribes, the Dravidians and the Aryans had a profound effect on the civilization here. This division is wrapped not only in economic but also in the social cloak of religion. Along with the division of rich and poor, the system of division between pure and impure, masters and slaves, feudal, landlord and ‘kammi’ has sustained itself parallel to the caste system. The roots of the class system are still embedded in the Waseeb. These class factors have been analyzed in the article under discussion.
Гендер тенглигини таъминлаш бўйича мукаммал ҳуқуқий ислоҳотларнинг ўзи етарлими (европа иттифоқи тажрибасига назар)?
Authors: Алиева Камола 
Published: June 2021

Мазкур мақолада муаллиф томонидан гендер тенглигини таъминлаш бўйича глобал рейтинг, унда юқори турувчи Европа давлатларининг қонунчилик асосларини, миллий тажрибасини таҳлил қилган. Муаллиф қайд этишича, дунёда гендер тенглиги борасида Европа давлатларининг етакчи ўринда туриши нафақат миллий ҳуқуқий ва институционал асослар билан боғлиқ, балки ижтимоий ҳаёт, инсонларнинг онги ва дунёқараши билан чамбарс боғлиқ саналади. Шу боис, ушбу давлатлар конституциялари, махсус қонунлари ва гендер тенглигини таъминлаш бўйича стратегиясини таҳлил қилиш орқали, Ўзбекистон тажрибасига татбиқ қилиш бўйича таклифлар ишлаб чиқиш муҳим аҳамият касб этади.
Муаллиф томонидан хорижий тажриба ва халқаро ҳуқуқий ҳужжатларни таҳлили асосида Ўзбекистонда ушбу соҳадаги қонунчиликни такомиллаштириш зарур деган қатъий фикр илгари сурилади.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS IN HAPTICS TECHNOLOGY RANGE
Authors: Bilbokaitė Renata 
Published: June 2021

The technologies are expanding their possibilities in the global information age. The scholars aim to explicate perspectives of human power practice. Haptics technology is one of the ultimate technological trends. Visual culture and technological progress had speeded up the researches in this area. When possibilities to organize constructs of virtual reality have sprung up, the scholars had started discussion about the integration of haptic sense into information reception, conveyance and soak processes. It can be as the facility of studying and some performance of actions, to speed up technological progress. There are analyzing explorations in haptics technology trend (medicine, science education, robotic researches, computer science and experimental brain researches) in this article. The author is searching for connections between haptics technology ranges trends and technology adaptation for educational quality development. The subject of the research – researches in haptics technology trend. Aim of the research – to explore researches of haptics technology. The tasks of research are to single out the ranges, where haptics technology is generating in practice, to single out education range, where explorations and achievements of haptics technology is the most relevant, to ascertain the importance of haptics technology on the international ground aspect in science education context. Methods of research: metaanalysis, systemic structural analysis, comparative analysis. Results and conclusion:
•	Accomplished analysis shows that haptics technologies are generating practically in 5 ranges: medicine, science education, robotic researches, computer science and experimental brain researches.
•	It is ascertained, that the most achievements of haptics technology researches are in science education range. It is important to make more qualitative science education. The researches from Lithuania in this range are one of the leaders in the world (together with JAV, Korea).
•	Tactile is very important to visual-spatial perception development, this conditions haptics technology to give and to activate modulations in the human mental structure. The information and mental models are memorizing for longer period.
Keywords: haptics technology, cyber researches, human brain researches, medicine, computer, science education.
Efektivitas Pembiayaan Usaha Minimal Pada Baznas Kabupaten Bungo Dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Miskin Di Desa Tanjung Agung Kecamatan Muko-Muko Bathin VII
Authors: Sopriyanto Sopriyanto 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Untuk mengetahui Bagaimana prosedur pengelolaan Pembiayaan usaha minimal di BAZNAS Kabupaten Bungo dan mengetahui efektivitas terhadap pembiayaan usaha minimal di desa Tanjung Agung Kecamatan Muk-Muko Bathin VII. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang mengambil lokasi di BAZNAS Kabupaten Bungo dengan mengggunakan Pendekatan penelitian penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif (deskriptif kualitatif). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal efektifitas memperlihatkan bahwa pemberian dana program modal bergulir ini bisa dikatakan sangat belum efektif karena melihat hasil hanya 3 orang mustahik dari 11 orang yang memahami dan mampu mengembangkan modal tersebut. karena tidak semua mustahik menggunakan dana program modal bergulir untuk kegiatan produktif.
Pengaruh COVID-19 dalam Fikih Ibadah Perspektif Neurosans: Studi Kasus Shalat Jum'at Shaf Berjarak 1m di Masjid Sunan Kalijaga
Authors: Fathin Muhammad Hisyam , Suyadi Suyadi 
Published: June 2021

Pada bulan Maret Tahun 2020 terjadinya lockdown di masjid-masjid di Indonesia dan ada beberapa masjid yang masih membolehkan jama’ahnya untuk sholat di masjid dengan memberlakukan shaf berjarak, karena baru-baru ini di dunia bahkan di Indonesia sedang terkena musibah berupa virus COVID-19 atau virus COVID-19. Pemerintah di Indonesia melakukan aksi cepat tanggap dalam menangani penyebaran virus COVID-19 ini, dengan memberlakukan social distancing, menggunakan masker saat diluar rumah, dalam hal ibadah pun memberlakukan sholat berjarak di daerah yang masih aman sedangkan di daerah yang sudah banyak yang menderita COVID-19 melakukan sholat jamaah dirumah masing-masing, ini dilakukan guna pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 yang terjadi diindonesia.Tujuannya menganalisis pengaruh COVID-19 terhadap tata cara pelaksanaan ibadah sholat melalui metode observasi online dan berita online lainnya, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah terjadinya COVID-19 beberapa ulama berpendapat bahwasanya tata cara pelaksanaan sholat jamaah di masjid boleh dilakukan dengan berjarak antara satu jamaah dengan jamaah yang lain sejauh satu meter atau kurang dari itu di daerah yang penularan COVID-19 masih sedikit
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Anak Pada Keluarga Jama’ah Tabligh di Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Ummatin Ana Rasyidatu , Yuisman Dedi 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep dan implementasi pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua pada keluarga Jama‘ah Tabligh dalam mendidik agama anak, serta dampak aktivitas dakwah (khuruj) yang dilakukan orang tua terhadap pendidikan agama anak yang berusia 0 sampai 18 tahun.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan data berupa catatan lapangan, dokumentasi, rekaman audio dan video serta foto atau gambar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponensial dan analisis tema kultural. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan beberapa teknik yang umum digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsep pola asuh dalam keluarga Jama‘ah Tabligh merupakan bagian dari konsep pola asuh anak dalam Islam secara umum, dengan penekanan pada aspek pendidikan agama. Pola asuh utama orang tua dalam mendidik agama anak adalah melaui keteladanan kedua orang tua, mengadakan ta‘lim rutin, mengajak anak-anak keluar (khuruj) untuk melatih berdakwah dan tabligh, menyekolahkan anak di pondok pesantren, dan melakukan usaha batin (infirodi). Pola asuh tersebut sangat berdampak bagi pendidikan dan pengamalan agama anak.Pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua dalam mendidik agama anak dalam keluarga Jama‘ah Tabligh adalah keteladanan, ta’lim rumah, mengajak anak-anak keluar (khuruj), menyekolahkan anak di pondok pesantren, dan melakukan usaha batin (Infirodi). Pola asuh ini sangat berdampak bagi pendidikan agama anak. Faktor keberhasilan pendidikan agama anak adalah keimanan, ekonomi, kesungguhan, latar belakang pendidikan orang tua, dan lingkungan.
The Effectiveness of Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Sousa Martins Paulo , Mota Jorge , Pimenta Sónia 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment for treatment resistant severe mental disorders. However, it has a high relapse rate, following the acute course (A‑ECT). Maintenance treatment is recommended to increase remission rate and duration. Maintenance ECT (M‑ECT) is an option, although under‑prescribed. The aim of this study was to assess M‑ECT effectiveness in reducing number and duration of hospital admissions, as well as associated costs, in patients with severe mental disorders. Mirror study comparing number and duration of hospital admissions before and after first M‑ECT.
Methods: Information was gathered for demographic and technical data, and drug dosing. Mean cost before and after the initiation of M‑ECT was compared. All treatments were performed with a MECTA spECTrum 5000QÒ. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.
Results: A total of 16 patients were enrolled. The mean number of M‑ECT treatments was 41.25 with a mean duration of 23 months. Treatment frequency was mainly once a month. A statistically significant decrease was found for number of admissions (Mdn=2.0 before and Mdn=0.0 after) and for total days in admission (Mdn=86.0 before and Mdn=14.5 after). Marginally significant results were found for antidepressive dosage, with higher dosages in the after initiation period. No significant results were found for antipsychotic dosage variation. The mean cost per patient, before and after initiation of M‑ECT, was respectively 10 621€ and 5 653€.
Conclusão: In our sample, we found that M‑ECT significantly reduces number of admissions and days in admission. Initiating M‑ECT treatment decreased cost per patient by 47%.