bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are newly introduced criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus associated with improved pregnancy outcomes and/or increased interventions in New South Wales, Australia? A population-based data linkage study
Authors: Randall Deborah A , Morris Jonathan M , Kelly Patrick , Glastras Sarah J 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in Australia, influenced by changed diagnostic criteria. We aimed to identify whether the diagnostic change was associated with improved outcomes and/or increased obstetric interventions using state-wide data in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.Research design and methodsPerinatal and hospital data were linked for singleton births, 33–41 weeks’ gestation, 2006–2015, NSW. An adjusted Poisson model was used to split pregnancies from 2011 onwards into those that would have been diagnosed under the old criteria (‘previous GDM’) and newly diagnosed cases (‘additional GDM’). We compared actual rates of total and early (<39 weeks) planned births, cesareans, and maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes for GDM-diagnosed pregnancies using three predicted scenarios, where the ‘additional GDM’ group was assumed to have the same rates as: the ‘previous GDM’ group <2011 (scenario A); the ‘non-GDM’ group <2011 (scenario B); or the ‘non-GDM’ group ≥2011 (scenario C).ResultsGDM incidence more than doubled over the study period, with an inflection point observed at 2011. For those diagnosed with GDM since 2011, the actual incidence of interventions (planned births and cesareans) and macrosomia was consistent with scenario A, which meant higher intervention rates, but lower rates of macrosomia, than those with no GDM. Incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was lower than scenario A and closer to the other scenarios. There was a reduction in perinatal deaths among those with GDM, lower than that predicted by all scenarios, indicating an improvement for all with GDM, not only women newly diagnosed. Incidence of maternal and neonatal morbidity indicators was within the confidence bounds for all three predicted scenarios.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the widely adopted new diagnostic criteria for GDM are associated with increased obstetric intervention rates and lower rates of macrosomic babies, but with no clear impacts on maternal or neonatal morbidity.
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among children under 5 years old: questionnaires versus cotinine biomarkers: a cohort study
Authors: Mourino Nerea , Pérez-Ríos Mónica , Santiago-Pérez Maria Isolina , Lanphear Bruce , Yolton Kimberly , Braun Joseph M 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesCotinine is the gold standard to estimate prevalence of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, and assay limit of detection (LOD) cut-points are typically used regardless of age. Our aim was to compare the concordance between mother-reported SHS exposure and serum cotinine categorising children as exposed with the assay LOD or age-specific cut-points.DesignData from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort.SettingHospital or participants’ homes.Participants389 pregnant women aged 18 years and older, between 13 and 19 weeks of gestation, living in a five-county region of the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area, and with follow-up on their children at birth and ages 12, 24, 36 and 48 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChildren’s serum cotinine, mother-reported active smoking and SHS exposure were available at birth and during follow-up visits. We used Cohen’s kappa index to assess concordance between maternal self-report and child’s serum cotinine concentrations. We estimated optimal age-specific cut-points, their sensitivity–specificity and positive–negative predictive values with receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsSelf-reported exposure and cotinine data were available for 280 women who gave birth to singleton child. When applying the assay LOD (0.015 ng/mL), concordance between maternal report and serum cotinine, without accounting for age, was below 0.23 at all times. When using age-specific cut-points (12 months: 0.11 ng/mL; 24 months: 0.08 ng/mL; 36 months: 0.05 ng/mL and 48 months: 0.04 ng/mL), concordance improved, being low at 12 months (0.39), moderate at 24 and 36 months (0.47 and 0.43) and high at 48 months (0.62).ConclusionsConcordance between mother-reported SHS exposure among children under 5 years and serum cotinine improved considerably after applying the cohort-specific and age-specific cut-points. Future studies are necessary to verify these results.
Model-based economic evaluation of ice cleat distribution programmes for the prevention of outdoor falls among adults from a Swedish societal perspective
Authors: Bonander Carl , Holmberg Robin , Gustavsson Johanna , Svensson Mikael 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSlipping on snow or ice poses a significant health risk among older adults in Sweden. To combat this problem, about 80 Swedish municipalities have distributed ice cleats to older citizens (65+ years old) over the last decade. This paper details a cost–benefit analysis of such programmes.Materials and methodsWe developed a decision-analytical model to estimate the costs and benefits of ice cleat programmes in Swedish municipalities compared with a business-as-usual scenario. The modelled benefits of the programme were based on effect estimates from previous research, data from population and healthcare registers and a survey of attitudes to and actual ice cleat use. The modelled costs of the programme were based on resource use data collected from 34 municipalities with existing ice cleat programmes. We assessed heterogeneity in the potential impact and benefit-to-cost ratios across all Swedish municipalities as a function of the average number of days with snow cover per year. Uncertainty in the cost–benefit results was assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe average benefit-to-cost ratio was 87, ranging from about 40 in low-risk municipalities to 140 in high-risk municipalities, implying that the potential benefits of ice cleat programmes greatly outweigh their costs. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses support the robustness of this conclusion to parameter uncertainty and large changes in assumptions about the magnitude of the impact on ice cleat use and injuries.ConclusionThe benefits of distributing ice cleats to older adults appear to outweigh the costs from a Swedish societal perspective.
Impact of an AMOC weakening on the stability of the southern Amazon rainforest
Authors: Ciemer Catrin , Winkelmann Ricarda , Kurths Jürgen , Boers Niklas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and the Amazon rainforest are potential tipping elements of the Earth system, i.e., they may respond with abrupt and potentially irreversible state transitions to a gradual change in forcing once a critical forcing threshold is crossed. With progressing global warming, it becomes more likely that the Amazon will reach such a critical threshold, due to projected reductions of precipitation in tropical South America, which would in turn trigger vegetation transitions from tropical forest to savanna. At the same time, global warming has likely already contributed to a weakening of the AMOC, which induces changes in tropical Atlantic sea-surface temperature (SST) patterns that in turn affect rainfall patterns in the Amazon. A large-scale decline or even dieback of the Amazon rainforest would imply the loss of the largest terrestrial carbon sink, and thereby have drastic consequences for the global climate. Here, we assess the direct impact of greenhouse gas-driven warming of the tropical Atlantic ocean on Amazon rainfall. In addition, we estimate the effect of an AMOC slowdown or collapse, e. g. induced by freshwater flux into the North Atlantic due to melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, on Amazon rainfall. In order to provide a clear explanation of the underlying dynamics, we use a simple, but robust mathematical approach (based on the classical Stommel two-box model), ensuring consistency with a comprehensive general circulation model (HadGEM3). We find that these two processes, both caused by global warming, are likely to have competing impacts on the rainfall sum in the Amazon, and hence on the stability of the Amazon rainforest. A future AMOC decline may thus counteract direct global-warming-induced rainfall reductions. Tipping of the AMOC from the strong to the weak mode may therefore have a stabilizing effect on the Amazon rainforest.
Bibliotecas escolares do século XXI: implementando makerspaces
Authors: Juliani Jordan Paulesky , Prates Gabriela Vieira da Cunha 
Published: June 2021

Incorporando o Movimento Maker, a biblioteca escolar permite com que os alunos passem por experiências de “colocar a mão na massa”, aprendendo de forma independente por meio de metodologias ativas. Esta pesquisa objetivou definir os recursos necessários para a implementação de makerspaces em bibliotecas escolares. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto discutiu-se a inovação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e o uso de tecnologias, definiu-se a origem, os conceitos e derivações dos makerspaces, mapeou-se as bibliotecas escolares que implementaram estes espaços ao redor do mundo, para, finalmente, explicar o processo de planejamento e financiamento desses espaços, elencando os hardwares, materiais de consumo e materiais de makerspace utilizados nas escolas estudadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e de abordagem qualitativa pesquisa. Concluiu-se que é preciso desenvolver e implementar a cultura maker na escola, antes mesmo de implementar o makerspace, e que os bibliotecários, incentivadores do acesso à informação, podem participar ativamente do seu desenvolvimento e implementação. Como barreiras enfrentadas para a implantação dos makerspaces pode-se considerar o financiamento das mais difíceis de serem superadas, entretanto não devem ser usadas como o motivo para não inovar.
Taxonomy of water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817, from Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae)
Authors: PERKINS PHILIP D. 
Published: June 2021

The taxonomy of Bolivian, Brazilian and Paraguayan water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 is presented. The known fauna now consists of 77 species, 37 of which are described as new species. The new species are diagnosed, and high-resolution images of the habitus and male genitalia of each species are given, as are distribution maps. The following new species of Hydrochus are described: H. accinctus n. sp., H. amazonicus n. sp., H. ampliarmus n. sp., H. argutulus n. sp., H. artus n. sp., H. austrinus n. sp., H. canalis n. sp., H. casuarius n. sp., H. clandestinus n. sp., H. colossus n. sp., H. compactus n. sp., H. constrictus n. sp., H. curvus n. sp., H. diffusus n. sp., H. distinctulus n. sp., H. distinctus n. sp., H. diversus n. sp., H. forcipuloides n. sp., H. forcipulus n. sp., H. fritillus n. sp., H. irregularis n. sp., H. liquidus n. sp., H. longissimus n. sp., H. membraneus n. sp., H. personatus n. sp., H. potenspiculatus n. sp., H. pronotulus n. sp., H. quinarius n. sp., H. rectus n. sp., H. reticulatus n. sp., H. robustus n. sp., H. sculptissimus n. sp., H. triangularis n. sp., H. trituberculatus n. sp., H. usualis n. sp., H. velatus n. sp., H. xingu n. sp.
New locality data are provided for the following species: H. alternatus Perkins, H. argutus Knisch, H. astrictus Perkins, H. baloghi Makhan, H. basilaris Perkins, H. bicarinatus Perkins, H. bisinuatus Perkins, H. bituberculatus Perkins, H. choennii Makhan, H. coeneni Makhan, H. collaris Perkins, H. cracentis Perkins, H. denarius Perkins, H. drakei Knisch, H. drechseli Makhan, H. ducalis Knisch, H. elsjeae Makhan, H. formosus Perkins, H. hellmani Perkins, H. iduae Makhan, H. jenniferiduae Makhan, H. kellymilleri Perkins, H. leei Perkins, H. lobatus Perkins, H. lobissimus Perkins, H. merkli Makhan, H. obscurus Sharp, H. pietersenae Makhan, H. piroei Makhan, H. pumilio Knisch, H. pupillus Orchymont, H. purpureus Knisch, H. radhakishunae Makhan, H. richteri Bruch, H. secretus Knisch, H. shorti Perkins, H. soekhnandanae Makhan, H. spanglerorum Perkins, H. tarsalis Chevrolet, H. variabilis Knisch, H. zicsii Makhan.
Global evaluation of gridded satellite precipitation products from the NOAA Climate Data Record program
Authors: Prat Olivier P. , Nelson Brian R. , Nickl Elsa , Leeper Ronald D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThree satellite gridded daily precipitation datasets: PERSIANN-CDR, GPCP, and CMORPH, that are part of the NOAA/Climate Data Record (CDR) program are evaluated in this work. The three satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are analyzed over their entire period of record, ranging from over 20-year to over 35-year. The products inter-comparisons are performed at various temporal (daily to annual) and for different spatial domains in order to provide a detailed assessment of each SPP strengths and weaknesses. This evaluation includes comparison with in-situ data sets from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN-Daily) and the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN). While the three SPPs exhibited comparable annual average precipitation, significant differences were found with respect to the occurrence and the distribution of daily rainfall events, particularly in the low and high rainfall rate ranges. Using USCRN stations over CONUS, results indicated that CMORPH performed consistently better than GPCP and PERSIANN-CDR for the usual metrics used for SPP evaluation (bias, correlation, accuracy, probability of detection, and false alarm ratio among others). All SPPs were found to underestimate extreme rainfall (i.e. above the 90th percentile) from about -20% for CMORPH to -50% for PERSIANN-CDR. Those differences in performance indicate that the use of each SPP has to be considered with respect to the application envisioned; from the long-term qualitative analysis of hydro-climatological properties to the quantification of daily extreme events for example. In that regard, the three satellite precipitation CDRs constitute a unique portfolio that can be used for various long-term climatological and hydrological applications.
Granulomatous Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in a Spectrum of Pediatric Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Szczawinska-Poplonyk Aleksandra , Jonczyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Mikos Marcin , Ossowska Lidia , Langfort Renata 
Published: June 2021

Background Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) has been increasingly recognized in children affected with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). In this study, we aimed to better characterize the spectrum of pediatric PIDs coexisting with GLILD including clinical and immunological predictors, thoracic imaging findings, and histopathologic features. Methods We respectively reviewed records of six representative cases of children, three of them affected with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and three with syndromic immunodeficiencies, in whom a diagnosis of GLILD was established based on clinical, radiological, and histopathologic findings. Clinical and immunological predictors for GLILD were also analyzed in the patients studied. Results All the children with GLILD had a history of autoimmune phenomena, organ-specific immunopathology, and immune dysregulation. Defective B-cell maturation and deficiency of memory B cells were found in all the children with GLILD. The radiological and histopathological features consistent with the diagnosis of GLILD, granulomatous disease, and lymphoid hyperplasia, were accompanied by chronic airway disease with bronchiectasis in children with CVID and syndromic PIDs. Conclusions Our study shows that both CVID and syndromic PIDs may be complicated with GLILD. Further studies are required to understand the predictive value of coexisting autoimmunity and immune dysregulation in the recognition of GLILD in children with PIDs.
Capturing the Impacts of Archaeology for Development: Opportunities and Challenges in Evaluating the Sustainable Preservation Initiative in Peru
Authors: Dupeyron Agathe 
Published: June 2021

Archaeology and heritage projects can have profound social, economic, environmental and cultural impacts on the development of communities. Yet, their impacts are rarely articulated or measured in development terms, to the detriment of their accountability, sustainability and replicability. This article explores the potential for a more systematic evaluation of these impacts through the case study of the Sustainable Preservation Initiative (SPI) and their evaluation strategies in Peru. Informed by an evaluability assessment framework, this study highlights the practical challenges in evaluating small-scale projects in the Global South and the scope for overcoming them, appraising how SPI’s contribution to local development can be measured in practice. Development evaluation methods are measured against the practical concerns expressed by project staff and participants. The article reflects on the importance of evaluating the wide-ranging development impacts of archaeology and heritage projects and concludes with practical suggestions for documenting these multifaceted impacts and for further comparative research.
Quality of life measurement in community-based aged care – understanding variation between clients and between care service providers
Authors: Siette Joyce , Jorgensen Mikaela L. , Georgiou Andrew , Dodds Laura , McClean Tom , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Measuring person-centred outcomes and using this information to improve service delivery is a challenge for many care providers. We aimed to identify predictors of QoL among older adults receiving community-based aged care services and examine variation across different community care service outlets.

Methods
A retrospective sample of 1141 Australians aged ≥60 years receiving community-based care services from a large service provider within 19 service outlets. Clients’ QoL was captured using the ICEpop CAPability Index. QoL scores and predictors of QoL (i.e. sociodemographic, social participation and service use) were extracted from clients’ electronic records and examined using multivariable regression. Funnel plots were used to examine variation in risk-adjusted QoL scores across service outlets.

Results
Mean age was 81.5 years (SD = 8) and 75.5% were women. Clients had a mean QoL score of 0.81 (range 0–1, SD = 0.15). After accounting for other factors, being older (p < 0.01), having lower-level care needs (p < 0.01), receiving services which met needs for assistance with activities of daily living (p < 0.01), and having higher levels of social participation (p < 0.001) were associated with higher QoL scores. Of the 19 service outlets, 21% (n = 4) had lower mean risk-adjusted QoL scores than expected (< 95% control limits) and 16% (n = 3) had higher mean scores than expected.

Conclusion
Using QoL as an indicator to compare care quality may be feasible, with appropriate risk adjustment. Implementing QoL tools allows providers to measure and monitor their performance and service outcomes, as well as identify clients with poor quality of life who may need extra support.

Trial registration
Australian and New Zealand clinical trial registry number: ACTRN12617001212347. Registered 18/08/2017.
Why don’t illiterate women in rural, Northern Tanzania, access maternal healthcare?
Authors: Matovelo Dismas , Ndaki Pendo , Yohani Victoria , Laisser Rose , Bakalemwa Respicious , Ndaboine Edgar , Masatu Zabron , Mwaikambo Magdalena , Brenner Jennifer L. , Wilson Warren M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn 2017, roughly 540 women in Sub-Saharan Africa died every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. To stem this public-health crisis, the WHO recommends a standard continuity of maternal healthcare, yet most women do not receive this care. Surveys suggest that illiteracy limits the uptake of the recommended care, yet little is understood about why this is so. This gap in understanding why healthcare is not sought by illiterate women compromises the ability of public health experts and healthcare providers to provide culturally relevant policy and practice. This study consequently explores the lived experiences related to care-seeking by illiterate women of reproductive age in rural Tanzania to determine why they may not access maternal healthcare services.MethodsAn exploratory, qualitative study was conducted in four communities encompassing eight focus group discussions with 81 illiterate women, 13 in-depth interviews with illiterate women and seven key-informant interviews with members of these communities who have first-hand experience with the decisions made by women concerning maternal care. Interviews were conducted in the informant’s native language. The interviews were coded, then triangulated.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the analysis: 1) a communication gap arising from a) the women’s inability to read public-health documents provided by health facilities, and b) healthcare providers speaking a language, Swahili, that these women do not understand, and 2) a dependency by these women on family and neighbors to negotiate these barriers. Notably, these women understood of the potential benefits of maternal healthcare.ConclusionsThese women knew they should receive maternal healthcare but could neither read the public-health messaging provided by the clinics nor understand the language of the healthcare providers. More health needs of this group could be met by developing a protocol for healthcare providers to determine who is illiterate, providing translation services for those unable to speak Swahili, and graphic public health messaging that does not require literacy. A failure to address the needs of this at-risk group will likely mean that they will continue to experience barriers to obtaining maternal care with detrimental health outcomes for both mothers and newborns.