bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for dark sectors in multi lepton final state in e+e− collisions
Authors: Ciafaloni Paolo , Martelli Gabriele , Raggi Mauro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Electron positron collisions are a very promising environment to search for new physics, and in particular for dark sector related observables. The most challenging experimental problem in detecting dark sector candidates is the very high associated Standard Model background. For this reason it is important to identify observables that are, at the same time, minimally suppressed in the dark sector and highly suppressed in the Standard Model. One example is the e+e− → 3(e+e−) process that can be mediated either by the production and subsequent decay of dark Higgs (h′), e+e− → A′h′ → 6e [1] or produced by the Standards Model process e+e− → 3(e+e−). In the following letter we study the relative contribution to observed e+e− → 3(e+e−) total cross section, coming from the h′ mediated and from the Standard Model processes in the contest of fixed target and low energy collider experiments, with particular attention to the PADME experiment at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati.
Holographic drag force in 5d Kerr-AdS black hole
Authors: Aref’eva Irina Ya. , Golubtsova Anastasia A. , Gourgoulhon Eric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider the 5d Kerr-AdS black hole as a gravity dual to rotating quark-gluon plasma. In the holographic prescription we calculate the drag force acting on a heavy quark. According to the holographic approach a heavy quark can be considered through the string in the gravity dual. We study the dynamics of the string for the Kerr-AdS backgrounds with one non-zero rotational parameter and two non-zero rotational parameters that are equal in magnitude. For the case of one non-zero rotational parameter we find good agreement with the prediction from the 4d case considered by arXiv:1012.3800.
Aβ1-16 controls synaptic vesicle pools at excitatory synapses via cholinergic modulation of synapsin phosphorylation
Authors: Anni Daniela , Weiss Eva-Maria , Guhathakurta Debarpan , Akdas Yagiz Enes , Klueva Julia , Zeitler Stefanie , Andres-Alonso Maria , Huth Tobias , Fejtova Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) is linked to the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). At physiological concentrations, Aβ was proposed to enhance neuroplasticity and memory formation by increasing the neurotransmitter release from presynapse. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this presynaptic effect as well as specific contribution of endogenously occurring Aβ isoforms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-16, but not Aβ17-42, increased size of the recycling pool of synaptic vesicles (SV). This presynaptic effect was driven by enhancement of endogenous cholinergic signalling via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which led to activation of calcineurin, dephosphorylation of synapsin 1 and consequently resulted in reorganization of functional pools of SV increasing their availability for sustained neurotransmission. Our results identify synapsin 1 as a molecular target of Aβ and reveal an effect of physiological concentrations of Aβ on cholinergic modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission. These findings provide new mechanistic insights in cholinergic dysfunction observed in AD.
High-cycle fatigue behaviour of a timber-to-timber connection with self-tapping screws under lateral loading
Authors: Niebuhr Peter , Sieder Mike 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe high-cycle fatigue behaviour of a timber-to-timber connection with self-tapping screws is examined with the fasteners under bending due to their alignment lateral to the load direction. The cyclic tests were carried out with a sinusoidal non-reversed load ($$R=0.1$$

R
=
0.1

) with a loading frequency of 5 Hz. The examined connection is designed for the quasistatic failure mechanism with two plastic hinges per shear plane according to Johansen’s theory (European Yield Model), which is mirrored in the observed fatigue failure. Based on 30 cyclic tests on four nominal stress levels $$\left( S=\left\{ 0.47,\;0.41,\;0.31,\;0.20 \right\} \right) $$

S
=

0.47
,

0.41
,

0.31
,

0.20

in the finite-life regime the respective Wöhler-curve is obtained, showing high conformity with the test data due to a consideration of the specific density of the individual specimens. It is shown that the examined fasteners show a superior fatigue behaviour under bending compared to axial loading. A simple safe-side approach for the application of Wöhler-curves for axial loading of threaded fasteners to the present case of fastener bending is proposed, extending the field of possible applications for the results of existing and future studies of the behaviour under axial loading.
Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
Authors: Lindert Jutta , Paul Kimberley C. , Lachman Margie E. , Ritz Beate , Seeman Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLimited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts.
An ultrasound observation study on the levator hiatus with or without diastasis recti abdominis in postpartum women
Authors: Tian Peng , Liu Dong Mei , Wang Chao , Gu Yu , Du Guo Qing , Tian Jia Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
We hypothesized that differences in post-partum levator hiatus (LH) measurements, as well as the area of urethra and bladder (AUB), viewed under ultrasound, correlate with diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA) occurrence. The primary objective of this study is to determine ultrasound parameters available for diagnosing DRA in post-partum women. We compared LH and AUB measurements under ultrasound in primiparous women, with and without DRA, at 24–26 weeks postpartum.

Methods
One hundred ninety-four women underwent routine examination, including a self-made clinical symptoms questionnaire, DRA evaluation, and LH and AUB measurements. Independent samples t- and chi-squared tests were used to compare the differences between women with and without DRA.

Results
DRA incidence was significantly higher among those who underwent cesarean section (CS) than for vaginal delivery (VD) (P = 0.038). DRA patients could potentially have urinary urgency, frequency, pain, dysuria, and perineal tears. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found between VD patients, with or without DRA, in the resting LH transverse diameter (TrD) (P = 0.032) and the area of the levator hiatus (ALH) (P = 0.048) as well as AUB at Valsalva (P = 0.049). No differences, however, were found between the DRA and no DRA groups for all those measurements among women who had cesarean deliveries.

Conclusions
DRA was more likely in post-CS women. Furthermore, the results showed a plausible association between DRA occurrence and LH expansion, especially in women with VD under rest and Valsalva. This could be useful for developing therapeutic plans based on these parameters for post-partum rehabilitation of women with DRA to avoid long-term complications.
Random-Cluster Dynamics on Random Regular Graphs in Tree Uniqueness
Authors: Blanca Antonio , Gheissari Reza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe establish rapid mixing of the random-cluster Glauber dynamics on random $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-regular graphs for all $$q\ge 1$$

q
≥
1

and $$p<p_u(q,\varDelta )$$

p
<

p
u

(
q
,
Δ
)

, where the threshold $$p_u(q,\varDelta )$$

p
u

(
q
,
Δ
)

corresponds to a uniqueness/non-uniqueness phase transition for the random-cluster model on the (infinite) $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-regular tree. It is expected that this threshold is sharp, and for $$q>2$$

q
>
2

the Glauber dynamics on random $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-regular graphs undergoes an exponential slowdown at $$p_u(q,\varDelta )$$

p
u

(
q
,
Δ
)

. More precisely, we show that for every $$q\ge 1$$

q
≥
1

, $$\varDelta \ge 3$$

Δ
≥
3

, and $$p<p_u(q,\varDelta )$$

p
<

p
u

(
q
,
Δ
)

, with probability $$1-o(1)$$

1
-
o
(
1
)

over the choice of a random $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-regular graph on n vertices, the Glauber dynamics for the random-cluster model has $$\varTheta (n \log n)$$

Θ
(
n
log
n
)

mixing time. As a corollary, we deduce fast mixing of the Swendsen–Wang dynamics for the Potts model on random $$\varDelta $$
Δ
-regular graphs for every $$q\ge 2$$

q
≥
2

, in the tree uniqueness region. Our proof relies on a sharp bound on the “shattering time”, i.e., the number of steps required to break up any configuration into $$O(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

sized clusters. This is established by analyzing a delicate and novel iterative scheme to simultaneously reveal the underlying random graph with clusters of the Glauber dynamics configuration on it, at a given time.
Conscious awareness modulates processing speed in the redundant signal effect
Authors: Cederblad Anna Matilda Helena , Visokomogilski Aleksandar , Andersen Søren K. , MacLeod Mary-Joan , Sahraie Arash 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence for the influence of unaware signals on behaviour has been reported in both patient groups and healthy observers using the Redundant Signal Effect (RSE). The RSE refers to faster manual reaction times to the onset of multiple simultaneously presented target than those to a single stimulus. These findings are robust and apply to unimodal and multi-modal sensory inputs. A number of studies on neurologically impaired cases have demonstrated that RSE can be found even in the absence of conscious experience of the redundant signals. Here, we investigated behavioural changes associated with awareness in healthy observers by using Continuous Flash Suppression to render observers unaware of redundant targets. Across three experiments, we found an association between reaction times to the onset of a consciously perceived target and the reported level of visual awareness of the redundant target, with higher awareness being associated with faster reaction times. However, in the absence of any awareness of the redundant target, we found no evidence for speeded reaction times and even weak evidence for an inhibitory effect (slowing down of reaction times) on response to the seen target. These findings reveal marked differences between healthy observers and blindsight patients in how aware and unaware information from different locations is integrated in the RSE.
Sound reasoning in tock-CSP
Authors: Baxter James , Ribeiro Pedro , Cavalcanti Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSpecifying budgets and deadlines using a process algebra like CSP requires an explicit notion of time. The tock-CSP encoding embeds a rich and flexible approach for modelling discrete-time behaviours with powerful tool support. It uses an event tock, interpreted to mark passage of time. Analysis, however, has traditionally used the standard semantics of CSP, which is inadequate for reasoning about timed refinement. The most recent version of the model checker FDR provides tailored support for tock-CSP, including specific operators, but the standard semantics remains inadequate. In this paper, we characterise tock-CSP as a language in its own right, rich enough to model budgets and deadlines, and reason about Zeno behaviour. We present the first sound tailored semantic model for tock-CSP that captures timewise refinement. It is fully mechanised in Isabelle/HOL and, to enable use of FDR4 to check refinement in this novel model, we use model shifting, which is a technique that explicitly encodes refusals in traces.
Unravelling the Complexity Myth for Minimally Invasive Right Hepatectomy: Liver Parenchymal Features and their Correlation to Objective Outcomes in Major Anatomical Resections
Authors: Hashmi Salila S. , Jajja Mohammad R. , Nadeem Syed O. , Maxwell Daniel W. , Eckhoff Austin M. , Lin Edward , Sarmiento Juan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive approaches to major liver resection have been limited by presumed difficulty of the operation. While some concerns arise from mastering the techniques, factors such as tumor size and liver parenchymal features have anecdotally been described as surrogates for operative difficulty. These factors have not been systematically studied for minimally invasive right hepatectomy (MIRH).MethodsSeventy‐five patients who underwent MIRH during 2007–2016 by the senior author were evaluated; these were compared to control group of open right hepatectomy. Demographics, operative, and post‐operative variables were collected. Operative times and estimated blood loss, two objective parameters of operative difficulty were correlated to volume of hepatic resection, parenchymal transection diameter and liver parenchymal features using regression analysis.ResultsThirty‐eight (50.6%) resections were performed for malignant indications. Average tumor size was 5.7 cm (±3.6), mean operative time was 196 min (±74), and mean EBL was 220 mL (±170). Average transection diameter was 10.1 cm (±1.7). There was no correlation between operative difficulty with parenchymal transection diameter or presence of steatosis. Blood loss was higher with increased right hepatic lobe volume and body mass index.ConclusionsThis analysis of a very defined anatomical resection suggests that the often quoted radiographic and pathologic features indicative of a challenging procedure were not significant in determining operative difficulty.
Long-term outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Luoma Sini , Silvennoinen Raija , Rauhala Auvo , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Martelin Eeva , Lindström Vesa , Heiskanen Jouni , Volin Liisa , Ruutu Tapani , Nihtinen Anne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in multiple myeloma is controversial. We analyzed the results of 205 patients transplanted in one center during 2000–2017. Transplantation was performed on 75 patients without a previous autologous SCT (upfront-allo), on 74 as tandem transplant (auto-allo), and on 56 patients after relapse. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.9 years for upfront-allo, 11.2 years for auto-allo, and 3.9 years for the relapse group (p = 0.015). Progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.4, 2.4, and 0.9 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Non-relapse mortality at 5 years was 8% overall, with no significant difference between the groups. Post-relapse survival was 4.1 years for upfront-allo and auto-allo, and 2.6 years for the relapse group (p = 0.066). Survival of high-risk patients was reduced. In multivariate analysis, the auto-allo group had improved OS and chronic graft-versus-host disease was advantageous in terms of PFS, OS, and relapse incidence. Late relapses occurred in all groups. Allo-SCT resulted in long-term survival in a small subgroup of patients. Our results indicate that auto-allo-SCT is feasible and could be considered for younger patients in the upfront setting.
A simple solution to the inadequacy of asymptotic likelihood-based inference for response-adaptive clinical trials
Authors: Baldi Antognini Alessandro , Novelli Marco , Zagoraiou Maroussa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe present paper discusses drawbacks and limitations of likelihood-based inference in sequential clinical trials for treatment comparisons managed via Response-Adaptive Randomization. Taking into account the most common statistical models for the primary outcome—namely binary, Poisson, exponential and normal data—we derive the conditions under which (i) the classical confidence intervals degenerate and (ii) the Wald test becomes inconsistent and strongly affected by the nuisance parameters, also displaying a non monotonic power. To overcome these drawbacks, we provide a very simple solution that could preserve the fundamental properties of likelihood-based inference. Several illustrative examples and simulation studies are presented in order to confirm the relevance of our results and provide some practical recommendations.
Systemic sclerosis-associated myositis features minimal inflammation and characteristic capillary pathology
Authors: Siegert Elise , Uruha Akinori , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Preuße Corinna , Casteleyn Vincent , Kleefeld Felix , Alten Rieke , Burmester Gerd R. , Schneider Udo , Höppner Jakob , Hahn Kathrin , Dittmayer Carsten , Stenzel Werner 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSystemic sclerosis represents a chronic connective tissue disease featuring fibrosis, vasculopathy and autoimmunity, affecting skin, multiple internal organs, and skeletal muscles. The vasculopathy is considered obliterative, but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This may partially be due to limitations of conventional transmission electron microscopy previously being conducted only in single patients. The aim of our study was therefore to precisely characterize immune inflammatory features and capillary morphology of systemic sclerosis patients suffering from muscle weakness. In this study, we identified 18 individuals who underwent muscle biopsy because of muscle weakness and myalgia in a cohort of 367 systemic sclerosis patients. We performed detailed conventional and immunohistochemical analysis and large-scale electron microscopy by digitizing entire sections for in-depth ultrastructural analysis. Muscle biopsies of 12 of these 18 patients (67%) presented minimal features of myositis but clear capillary alteration, which we termed minimal myositis with capillary pathology (MMCP). Our study provides novel findings in systemic sclerosis-associated myositis. First, we identified a characteristic and specific morphological pattern termed MMCP in 67% of the cases, while the other 33% feature alterations characteristic of other overlap syndromes. This is also reflected by a relatively homogeneous clinical picture among MMCP patients. They have milder disease with little muscle weakness and a low prevalence of interstitial lung disease (20%) and diffuse skin involvement (10%) and no cases of either pulmonary arterial hypertension or renal crisis. Second, large-scale electron microscopy, introducing a new level of precision in ultrastructural analysis, revealed a characteristic capillary morphology with basement membrane thickening and reduplications, endothelial activation and pericyte proliferation. We provide open-access pan-and-zoom analysis to our datasets, enabling critical discussion and data mining. We clearly highlight characteristic capillary pathology in skeletal muscles of systemic sclerosis patients.
Gaseous environment modulates volatile emission and viability loss during seed artificial ageing
Authors: Han Biao , Fernandez Vincent , Pritchard Hugh W. , Colville Louise 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Modulation of the gaseous environment using oxygen absorbers and/or silica gel shows potential for enhancing seed longevity through trapping toxic volatiles emitted by seeds during artificial ageing.

Abstract
Volatile profiling using non-invasive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry provides insight into the specific processes occurring during seed ageing. Production of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, derived from processes such as alcoholic fermentation, lipid peroxidation and Maillard reactions, are known to be dependent on storage temperature and relative humidity, but little is known about the potential modulating role of the gaseous environment, which also affects seed lifespan, on volatile production. Seeds of Lolium perenne (Poaceae), Agrostemma githago (Caryophyllaceae) and Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) were aged under normal atmospheric oxygen conditions and in sealed vials containing either oxygen absorbers, oxygen absorbers and silica gel (equilibrated at 60% RH), or silica gel alone. Seeds of A. githago that were aged in the absence of oxygen maintained higher viability and produced fewer volatiles than seeds aged in air. In addition, seeds of A. githago and L. perenne aged in the presence of silica gel were longer lived than those aged without silica, with no effect on seed moisture content or oxygen concentration in the storage containers, but with silica gel acting as a volatile trap. These results indicate that the use of inexpensive oxygen absorbers and silica gel could improve seed longevity in storage for some species and suggests a potential, and previously unidentified, role for silica gel in ultra-dry storage.
Interactions in cancer treatment considering cancer therapy, concomitant medications, food, herbal medicine and other supplements
Authors: Wolf Clemens P. J. G. , Rachow Tobias , Ernst Thomas , Hochhaus Andreas , Zomorodbakhsch Bijan , Foller Susan , Rengsberger Matthias , Hartmann Michael , Hübner Jutta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of our study was to analyse the frequency and severity of different types of potential interactions in oncological outpatients’ therapy. Therefore, medications, food and substances in terms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) like dietary supplements, herbs and other processed ingredients were considered.

Methods
We obtained data from questionnaires and from analysing the patient records of 115 cancer outpatients treated at a German university hospital. Drug–drug interactions were identified using a drug interaction checking software. Potential CAM-drug interactions and food–drug interactions were identified based on literature research.

Results
92.2% of all patients were at risk of one or more interaction of any kind and 61.7% of at least one major drug–drug interaction. On average, physicians prescribed 10.4 drugs to each patient and 6.9 interactions were found, 2.5 of which were classified as major. The most prevalent types of drug–drug interactions were a combination of QT prolonging drugs (32.3%) and drugs with a potential for myelotoxicity (13.4%) or hepatotoxicity (10.1%). In 37.2% of all patients using CAM supplements the likelihood of interactions with medications was rated as likely. Food-drug interactions were likely in 28.7% of all patients.

Conclusion
The high amount of interactions could not be found in literature so far. We recommend running interaction checks when prescribing any new drug and capturing CAM supplements in medication lists too. If not advised explicitly in another way drugs should be taken separately from meals and by using nonmineralized water to minimize the risk for food–drug interactions.