bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernias: A Western Trauma Association multicenter study
Authors: Harrell Kevin N. , Grimes Arthur D. , Albrecht Roxie M. , Reynolds Jessica K. , Ueland Walker R. , Sciarretta Jason D. , Todd Samual R. , Trust Marc D. , Ngoue Marielle , Thomas Bradley W. , Ayuso Sullivan A. , LaRiccia Aimee , Spalding M. Chance , Collins Michael J. , Collier Bryan R. , Karam Basil S. , de Moya Marc A. , Lieser Mark J. , Chipko John M. , Haan James M. , Lightwine Kelly L. , Cullinane Daniel C. , Falank Carolyne R. , Phillips Ryan C. , Kemp Michael T. , Alam Hasan B. , Udekwu Pascal O. , Sanin Gloria D. , Hildreth Amy N. , Biffl Walter L. , Schaffer Kathryn B. , Marshall Gary , Muttalib Omaer , Nahmias Jeffry , Shahi Niti , Moulton Steven L. , Maxwell Robert A. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWH) occur in approximately 15,000 patients per year. Limited data are available to guide the timing of surgical intervention or the feasibility of nonoperative management.

METHODS
A retrospective study of patients presenting with blunt TAWH from January 2012 through December 2018 was conducted. Patient demographic, surgical, and outcomes data were collected from 20 institutions through the Western Trauma Association Multicenter Trials Committee.

RESULTS
Two hundred and eighty-one patients with TAWH were identified. One hundred and seventy-six (62.6%) patients underwent operative hernia repair, and 105 (37.4%) patients underwent nonoperative management. Of those undergoing surgical intervention, 157 (89.3%) were repaired during the index hospitalization, and 19 (10.7%) underwent delayed repair. Bowel injury was identified in 95 (33.8%) patients with the majority occurring with rectus and flank hernias (82.1%) as compared with lumbar hernias (15.8%). Overall hernia recurrence rate was 12.0% (n = 21). Nonoperative patients had a higher Injury Severity Score (24.4 vs. 19.4, p = 0.010), head Abbreviated Injury Scale score (1.1 vs. 0.6, p = 0.006), and mortality rate (11.4% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.031). Patients who underwent late repair had lower rates of primary fascial repair (46.4% vs. 77.1%, p = 0.012) and higher rates of mesh use (78.9% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001). Recurrence rate was not statistically different between the late and early repair groups (15.8% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.869).

CONCLUSION
This report is the largest series and first multicenter study to investigate TAWHs. Bowel injury was identified in over 30% of TAWH cases indicating a significant need for immediate laparotomy. In other cases, operative management may be deferred in specific patients with other life-threatening injuries, or in stable patients with concern for bowel injury. Hernia recurrence was not different between the late and early repair groups.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, Level IV.
Postinjury treatments to make early tactical aeromedical evacuation practical for the brain after TBI
Authors: Singer Kathleen E. , Wallen Taylor E. , Morris Mackenzie C. , McGlone Emily , Stevens-Topie Sabre , Earnest Ryan , Goodman Michael D. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in civilians and military personnel. No potential therapeutics have been evaluated to prevent secondary injury induced by the hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environment integral to postinjury aeromedical evacuation (AE). We examined the role of allopurinol, propranolol, adenosine/lidocaine/magnesium (ALM), or amitriptyline administration prior to simulated flight following murine TBI.

METHODS
Mice underwent TBI and were given allopurinol, propranolol, amitriptyline, or ALM prior to simulated AE or normobaric normoxia (NN) control. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation (Spo
2) were recorded throughout simulated AE. Mice were sacrificed at 24 hours, 7 days, or 30 days. Serum and cerebral cytokines were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Motor function testing was performed with Rotarod ambulation. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine phosphorylated tau (p-tau) accumulation in the hippocampus at 30 days.

RESULTS
While all treatments improved oxygen saturation, propranolol, amitriptyline, and allopurinol improved AE-induced tachycardia. At 24 hours, both propranolol and amitriptyline reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha levels while allopurinol and ALM reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha levels only in NN mice. Propranolol, amitriptyline, and ALM demonstrated lower serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 7 days after AE. Both amitriptyline and allopurinol improved Rotarod times for AE mice while only allopurinol improved Rotarod times for NN mice. Propranolol was able to reduce p-tau accumulation under both HH and NN conditions while ALM only reduced p-tau in hypobaric hypoxic conditions.

CONCLUSION
Propranolol lowered post-TBI HR with reduced proinflammatory effects, including p-tau reduction. Amitriptyline-induced lower post-TBI HR and improved functional outcomes without affecting inflammatory response. Allopurinol did not affect vital signs but improved late post-TBI systemic inflammation and functional outcomes. Adenosine/lidocaine/magnesium provided no short-term improvements but reduced p-tau accumulation at 30 days in the HH cohort. Allopurinol may be the best of the four treatments to help prevent short-term functional deficits while propranolol may address long-term effects.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Basic science article.
Early cognitive impairment is common in pediatric patients following mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Keys Megan Elizabeth , Delaplain Patrick , Kirby Katharine A. , Boudreau Kate Irene , Rosenbaum Kathryn , Inaba Kenji , Lekawa Michael , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION
The incidence and factors related to early cognitive impairment (ECI) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric trauma patients (PTPs) are unknown. Prior data in the adult population demonstrated an ECI incidence of 51% after mTBI and strong correlation with initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) category. Therefore, we hypothesized that ECI is common after mTBI in PTPs and associated with initial GCS and BIG category.

METHODS
A single-center, retrospective review of PTPs (age, 8–17 years) from 2015 to 2019 with intracranial hemorrhage and mTBI (GCS score, 13–15) was performed. Primary outcome was ECI, defined as Ranchos Los Amigos score less than 8. Comparisons between ECI and non-ECI groups regarding Injury Severity Score (ISS), demographics, and cognitive and clinical outcomes were evaluated using χ2 statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Odds of ECI were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
From 47 PTPs with mTBI, 18 (38.3%) had ECI. Early cognitive impairment patients had a higher ISS than non-ECI patients (19.7 vs. 12.6, p = 0.003). Injuries involving motor vehicles were more often related to ECI than non-auto-involved mechanisms (55% vs. 15%, p = 0.005). Lower GCS score (odds ratio [OR], 6.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34–32.51, p = 0.02), higher ISS (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.24; p = 0.030), and auto-involved injuries (OR, 6.06; 95% CI, 1.15–31.94; p = 0.030) were all associated with increased risk of ECI. There was no association between BIG category and risk of ECI (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Nearly 40% of PTPs with mTBI suffer from ECI. Lower initial GCS score, higher ISS, and autoinvolved mechanism of injury were associated with increased risk of ECI. Brain Injury Guidelines category was not associated with ECI in pediatric patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, Level III.
Perinatal depression in migrant and refugee women on the Thai–Myanmar border: does social support matter?
Authors: Fellmeth Gracia , Plugge Emma , Fazel Mina , Nosten Suphak , Oo May May , Pimanpanarak Mupawjay , Phichitpadungtham Yuwapha , Fitzpatrick Raymond , McGready Rose 
Published: May 2021

Migrant and refugee women are at risk of perinatal depression due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration. This study assesses the associations between social support and perinatal depression among migrant and refugee women on the Thai–Myanmar border. We conducted a cohort study of pregnant and post-partum women. Depression status was assessed using a structured clinical interview. Received support, perceived support and partner support were measured in the third trimester. Logistic regression was used to calculate associations between social support measures and perinatal depression controlling for demographic, socio-economic, migration, obstetric and psychosocial factors. Four hundred and fifty-one women (233 migrants; 218 refugees) were included. The prevalence of perinatal depression was 38.6% in migrants and 47.3% in refugees. Migrants had higher levels of received, perceived and partner support than refugees. After controlling for all other variables, higher levels of received support remained significantly associated with a lower likelihood of perinatal depression in migrants (adjusted odds ratio 0.82; 95% CI 0.68–0.99). In both groups, depression history and trauma were strongly associated with perinatal depression. Our study highlights the importance of received social support to perinatal depression in migrant women on the Thailand–Myanmar border. The perinatal period offers a valuable opportunity to ask women about their support and offer community-level or public policy interventions to nurture support networks in current locations and resettlement destinations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal–child health’.
Who actually cares for children in slums? Why we need to think, and do, more about paid childcare in urbanizing sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hughes Robert C. , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia , Muendo Ruth , Bhopal Sunil S. , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth , Hill Zelee , Kirkwood Betty R. 
Published: May 2021

The early years are critical and inform the developmental trajectory of children. This is justifiably attracting growing policy attention. Much of this attention is focused on interventions and policies directed at parents, especially mothers. Yet emerging evidence suggests that increasing numbers of children in rapidly urbanizing low- and middle-income countries are now spending much of their day with other formal and informal childcare providers, including largely unregulated paid childcare providers. This paper summarizes the limited literature about the use of such paid childcare in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, before considering possible reasons behind the lack of research evidence. Finally, key research gaps and their implications for public health practice are explored, with reference to the ongoing British Academy funded Nairobi Early Childcare in Slums research programme in Nairobi, Kenya. We argue that improving childcare may be an under-explored strategy to help some of the world's most disadvantaged children in the most important period of their lives, and that interventions in this largely informal market should be built on a rigorous research base.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multidisciplinary perspectives on social support and maternal–child health’.
Performance of Adenosine Deaminase assay in diagnosis of pulmonary & extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kawle Anuja , Mishra Arti , Hutke Vinita , Shekhawat Seema , Nayak Amit , Biswas Rima , Chandak Nitin , Agrawal Vijay , Daginawala Hatim , Singh Lokendra , Kashyap Rajpal S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere has been a lot of debate about the use of the Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. In the present study, to overcome this debate, we have planned a large scale study in all forms of TB to access the performance of ADA for diagnosis of TB. we have also studied the performance of the ADA in the Tb prognosis. ADA activity was evaluated using Guisti and Galanti method. The sensitivity of the ADA test is impressive in all forms of TB clinical samples analysed for the study (PTB [82%], TBM [85%] TBAR [85%]), and (ATB) [84%]. However, the specificity was variable in pulmonary TB, but satisfactory in extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) cases (i.e TBM [89%], (ATB) [88%], TBAR [88%]). In the follow-up samples, ADA value declined drastically after the anti TB medication (ATT). Our study, which consists of a large number of samples, suggests that the ADA has very limited value in the diagnosis of PTB, and hence it is not recommended for PTB diagnosis. We recommend, ADA test is quite useful for EPTB diagnosis along with other clinical correlations and in absence of other advanced diagnostic tests. However, on the other ADA can be used as a prognostic test for all forms of TB.
A theory of direction selectivity for Macaque primary visual cortex
Authors: Chariker Logan , Shapley Robert , Hawken Michael , Young Lai-Sang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper offers a new theory for the origin ofdirection selectivityin the Macaque primary visual cortex, V1. Direction selectivity (DS) is essential for the perception of motion and control of pursuit eye movements. In the Macaque visual pathway, DS neurons first appear in V1, in the Simple cell population of the Magnocellular input layer 4Cα. The LGN cells that project to these cortical neurons, however, are not direction-selective. We hypothesize that DS is initiated in feedforward LGN input, in the summed responses of LGN cells afferent to a cortical cell, and it is achieved through the interplay of (a) different visual response dynamics of ON and OFF LGN cells, and (b) the wiring of ON and OFF LGN neurons to cortex. We identify specific temporal differences in the ON/OFF pathways that together with (b) produce distinct response time-courses in separated subregions; analysis and simulations confirm the efficacy of the mechanisms proposed. To constrain the theory, we present data on Simple cells in layer 4Cα in response to drifting gratings. About half of the cells were found to have high DS, and the DS was broad-band in spatial and temporal frequency (SF and TF). The proposed theory includes a complete analysis of how stimulus features such as SF and TF interact with ON/OFF dynamics and LGN-to-cortex wiring to determine the preferred direction and magnitude of DS.Significance StatementMotion perception is important for primates, and direction selectivity (DS), the ability to perceive the direction a target is moving, is an essential part of motion perception. Yet no satisfactory mechanistic explanation has been proposed for the origin of DS in primate visual cortex up until now. In this paper, we hypothesize that DS is initiated in feedforward LGN input as a result of the dynamic differences between the ON/OFF pathways. The mechanisms we propose are biology-based, and our theory explains experimental data for all spatial and temporal frequencies in visual stimuli. Exploiting temporal biases in parallel pathways is relevant beyond visual neuroscience; similar ideas likely apply to other types of neural signal processing.g
In vivoadministration of anti-HIV hyper-immune eggs induces anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies against HIV gp120 peptides (fragments 308-331 and 421-438) and against HIV gp41 peptide (fragment 579-601) which have demonstrable protective capacity
Authors: Justiz-Vaillant Angel , Ferrer-Cosme Belkis , Smikle Monica Fisher , Pérez Oliver 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIsolation of antibodies from the egg yolk of chickens is of particular interest as a source of specific antibodies for oral administration to prevent infections and use them as immunodiagnostic reagents. The use of birds in antibody production results in a reduction in the use of laboratory animals. Immunized chickens produce larger quantities of antibodies (2000 mg IgY/month) than rodents (200 mg IgG/month) in the laboratory. According to Jerne’s network theory, it is possible to produce an antibody against the antigen-binding site of another antibody. This study assessed the hypothesis that immunization with viral peptides (immunogens) could provide a potent immune response that could be evaluated in chicken eggs. Human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1) is used as an immunogen. The second hypothesis was that an orally administered antibody stimulates the production of a complementary antibody, the so-called anti-idiotypic antibody, which can potentially be therapeutical. This study reports and analyzes the use of eggs as therapeutic agents. We wanted to test the hypothesis that feeding chicks with hyperimmune eggs stimulates the production of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that neutralize the original HIV antigen fragments 308-331 or 421-438 of gp120 or fragment 579-601 of gp41. Future research could entail an anti-idiotype strategy for prophylactic vaccines. It is vital to note that it may need an anti-idiotype response to prime immunity against an HIV viral epitope, which may be used as a secondary element. The use of anti-idiotype immune responses in infected individuals may shift the balance of the immune system, allowing the organism to manage HIV infection. Therefore, it may be an avenue for immunotherapy to improve the fight against HIV infections. However, more studies and clinical trials are required to demonstrate similar human immune responses as observed in birds.
Emotional and behavioural responses to the 19 September 2017 earthquake: the case of the occupants of three multi-storey buildings
Authors: Santos-Reyes Jaime , Gouzeva Tatiana 
Published: May 2021

PurposeStudies on human behaviour during a seismic emergency in tall buildings are scant. During such emergencies, occupants need to reach a safe place. The purpose of this paper is to address some of the emotional and behavioural responses of the occupants of three multi-storey buildings during the 19 September earthquake that hit Mexico City in 2017.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional and non-probability study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey; the sample size wasn = 352, and the study was conducted from 4 October to 20 November 2017.Findings(1) In the 11 storey-building, women, age (18–49 years old [yo]) and participants with higher education exhibited flight behaviour, and those of the six storey-building within the age category 18–49 yo also exhibited a similar behaviour; (2) Women and age (18–49 yo) in the six and 11-storey buildings were significantly associated with fear of the earthquake; (3) Women were significantly more fearful and felt more intense the tremors than men in the 11-storey building; (4) Women were significantly more fearful of the 11-storey building collapsing; (5) The taller the building, the more fearful were the occupants of the building collapsing.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the sample considered in the study was no probability; consequently, the results should not be generalised to the existing high-rising buildings in Mexico City. Second, some of the variables considered herein were of the Likert-type scale but have been assumed as continuous; in fact, some future work could be the design of a valid and reliable questionnaire to address human behaviour during earthquakes in tall buildings.Practical implicationsThe presented results may be the great value to key decision-makers on how to address the lack of earthquake preparedness during a seismic emergency. Further, the results have shed light on the negative emotions (fear) experienced by the occupants of tall buildings.Social implicationsGaining a better understanding of human behavioural in tall buildings is essential in devising measures to mitigate the impact of earthquake disasters.Originality/valueResearch on human behaviour during a seismic emergency in high-rise buildings is scant. To gain a better understanding of human emotional and behavioural response to earthquakes in tall buildings, it becomes necessary to conduct research such as the present case study. This may help decision-makers to devise measures so that the impact of earthquake disasters may be limited.
Establishing the synergy between the perceptions of construction professionals and the phases of value management
Authors: Thneibat Mujahed , Thneibat Motasem , Al-Tamimi Bader 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis study aims to lay the groundwork for the potential application of value management (VM) in construction projects. This paper presents a critical review on the status of VM in a developing country and highlights the role of perceptions on critical success factors (CSFs) for the phases of VM studies, as the participants in a VM study should consider CSFs tailored to the local context.Design/methodology/approachA series of interviews and a questionnaire were conducted to understand the drivers, perceptions, barriers, and CSFs of VM in the Jordanian construction industry. Although descriptive statistics were used to analyze the status of VM, a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was adopted to highlight the interrelationships between perceptions and the CSFs of the three phases of VM (i.e. pre-workshop, workshop, and implementation).FindingsThe descriptive analysis revealed conflicting viewpoints for perceptions and drivers. Most practitioners acknowledged little awareness of VM phases, and the SEM results indicated that perceptions of VM, in terms of its capacity in improving the scope and objectives of the project, and reducing overall costs, most strongly influenced the CSFs of the implementation phase in terms of support and clear plan for implementation, and had the least influence on the pre-workshop phase. Further, the perceptions had a moderate effect on the CSFs of the workshop phase and it tended to be positive, highlighting the importance of function analysis in this phase.Originality/valueThis is the first study to reveal the status of VM in Jordan in terms of adoption, drivers, perceptions, barriers and CSFs; no prior studies have investigated how perceptions can affect the CSFs of each phase of VM and the endorsement of VM by the construction industry. The contributions of this study include linking the perceptions of construction professionals with the CSFs of VM.
Dual innovation: the road to sustainable development of enterprises
Authors: Zhao Jie 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to provide policy suggestions for enterprises to carry out dual innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper studies the practical examples of dual innovation and the development cases of dual innovation of typical Chinese enterprises.FindingsThis paper demonstrates the mutually promoting relationship between dual innovation and sustainable development of enterprises and puts forward suggestions on how to effectively develop dual innovation in terms of corporate governance, resource access, market orientation and business model.Originality/valueThe research results of this paper are helpful for enterprises to better carry out dual innovation, so as to achieve sustainable development.