bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Art of Coining Christians: Indians and Authority in the Iconography of British Atlantic Colonial Seals, 1606–1767
Authors: Justice Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBetween the founding of Jamestown in 1606 and the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War, images of Indigenous men and women rose and fell on the great seals of the British Atlantic colonies. At the peak of this process, “the Indian” was the most persistent seal icon save for that of the arms and image of the monarch himself. This essay traces the sigillary Indian's illustrious career, as evolving imperial structures and legal debates about the nature of empire positioned and repositioned him (and her) in relation to just claims of authority. Early depictions reflected the settler colony concerns of private charter companies, justifying claims to land, not the rule over people. Royal colonies, by contrast, imagined Indians as a form of vassal, essential aids in the procurement of raw materials from the land. By the mid-eighteenth century, however, the image of the Indian had yielded to classical motifs and representations of the land through maps, mirroring the increasing centrality of territoriality to British imperial thought. Taken together, seal images of Indians in the British Atlantic present the rise and fall of a visual paradox: depicting Indigenous people as symbols of authority over white settler colonies.
Extinction time of the logistic process
Authors: Foxall Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe logistic birth and death process is perhaps the simplest stochastic population model that has both density-dependent reproduction and a phase transition, and a lot can be learned about the process by studying its extinction time,
$\tau_n$
, as a function of system size n. A number of existing results describe the scaling of
$\tau_n$
as
$n\to\infty$
for various choices of reproductive rate
$r_n$
and initial population
$X_n(0)$
as a function of n. We collect and complete this picture, obtaining a complete classification of all sequences
$(r_n)$
and
$(X_n(0))$
for which there exist rescaling parameters
$(s_n)$
and
$(t_n)$
such that
$(\tau_n-t_n)/s_n$
converges in distribution as
$n\to\infty$
, and identifying the limits in each case.
Stochastic ordering for birth–death processes with killing
Authors: Hsiau Shoou-Ren , Chen May-Ru , Yao Yi-Ching 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider a birth–death process with killing where transitions from state i may go to either state
$i-1$
or state
$i+1$
or an absorbing state (killing). Stochastic ordering results on the killing time are derived. In particular, if the killing rate in state i is monotone in i, then the distribution of the killing time with initial state i is stochastically monotone in i. This result is a consequence of the following one for a non-negative tri-diagonal matrix M: if the row sums of M are monotone, so are the row sums of
$M^n$
for all
$n\ge 2$
.
More than local adaptation: high diversity of response to seawater acidification in seven coral species from the same assemblage in French Polynesia
Authors: Godefroid Mathilde , Arçuby Robin , Lacube Yann , Espiau Benoit , Dupont Sam , Gazeau Frédéric , Metian Marc , Hédouin Laetitia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResponses of corals to seawater acidification have been extensively studied. Sensitivity varies widely between species, highlighting the need to avoid extrapolation from one to another to get an accurate understanding of coral community responses. We tested the responses of seven coral species (Acropora cytherea, Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora pulchra, Leptastrea pruinosa, Montipora grisea, Pavona cactus, Pocillopora verrucosa) from the Mo'orea lagoon to a 48-day exposure to three pH scenarios (pH 7.95, 7.7 and 7.3). Tissue necrosis, mortality, growth rates, photophysiological performances and colour index were recorded. Few significant differences were noted between pH 7.95 and 7.7, but species-specific responses were observed at pH 7.3. While our data do not allow identification of the mechanisms behind this diversity in response between species inhabiting the same environment, it can exclude several hypotheses such as local adaptation, skeletal type, corallum morphology or calcification rate as sole factors determining coral sensitivity to pH.
The multiple landscapes of Biedjovággi: Ontological conflicts on indigenous land
Authors: Kramvig Britt , Avango Dag 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this article, we engage with environmental conflicts on indigenous land through a focus on an attempt to gain social licence to reopen and operate the Biedjovággi mine in Guovdageainnu/Kautokeino in Sápmi, Norway. We argue that mining prospects bring forth ontological conflicts concerning land use, as well as ways to know the landscape and the envisioned future that the land holds. It is a story of a conflict between two different ways of knowing. The paper explores the Sámi landscape through different concepts, practices and stories. We then contrast this to the way the same landscape is understood and narrated by a mining company, through the programmes and documents produced according to the Norwegian law and standards. We follow Ingold’s argument that the Sámi landscape practices are taskscapes, where places, times and tasks are interconnected. These were not acknowledged in the plans and documents of the mining company. We conclude by addressing the tendency of extractive industries to reduce different landscapes in ways that fit with modern understandings, which oppose culture to nature.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN L2 LITERACY ACQUISITION
Authors: Brice Henry , Siegelman Noam , van den Bunt Mark , Frost Stephen J. , Rueckl Jay G. , Pugh Kenneth R. , Frost Ram 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStatistical learning (SL) approaches to reading maintain that proficient reading requires assimilation of rich statistical regularities in the writing system. Reading skills in developing first-language readers are predicted by individual differences in sensitivity to regularities in mappings from orthography to phonology (O-P) and semantics (O-S), where good readers rely more on O-P consistency, and less on O-S associations. However, how these regularities are leveraged by second-language (L2) learners remains an open question. We utilize an individual-differences approach, measuring L2 English learners’ sensitivity to O-P, O-S, and frequency during word-naming, across two years of immersion. We show that reliance on O-P is leveraged by better readers, while reliance on O-S is slower to develop, characterizing less proficient readers. All factors explain substantial individual variance in L2 reading skills. These findings show how SL plays a key role in L2 reading development through its role in assimilating sublexical regularities between print and speech.
Structure and function of the gap junctional network of photoreceptive ganglion cells
Authors: Zhao Xiwu , Wong Kwoon Y. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) signal not only anterogradely to drive behavioral responses, but also retrogradely to some amacrine interneurons to modulate retinal physiology. We previously found that all displaced amacrine cells with spiking, tonic excitatory photoresponses receive gap-junction input from ipRGCs, but the connectivity patterns and functional roles of ipRGC-amacrine coupling remained largely unknown. Here, we injected PoPro1 fluorescent tracer into all six types of mouse ipRGCs to identify coupled amacrine cells, and analyzed the latter’s morphological and electrophysiological properties. We also examined how genetically disrupting ipRGC-amacrine coupling affected ipRGC photoresponses. Results showed that ipRGCs couple with not just ON- and ON/OFF-stratified amacrine cells in the ganglion-cell layer as previously reported, but also OFF-stratified amacrine cells in both ganglion-cell and inner nuclear layers. M1- and M3-type ipRGCs couple mainly with ON/OFF-stratified amacrine cells, whereas the other ipRGC types couple almost exclusively with ON-stratified ones. ipRGCs transmit melanopsin-based light responses to at least 93% of the coupled amacrine cells. Some of the ON-stratifying ipRGC-coupled amacrine cells exhibit transient hyperpolarizing light responses. We detected bidirectional electrical transmission between an ipRGC and a coupled amacrine cell, although transmission was asymmetric for this particular cell pair, favoring the ipRGC-to-amacrine direction. We also observed electrical transmission between two amacrine cells coupled to the same ipRGC. In both scenarios of coupling, the coupled cells often spiked synchronously. While ipRGC-amacrine coupling somewhat reduces the peak firing rates of ipRGCs’ intrinsic melanopsin-based photoresponses, it renders these responses more sustained and longer-lasting. In summary, ipRGCs’ gap junctional network involves more amacrine cell types and plays more roles than previously appreciated.
K-MODULI OF CURVES ON A QUADRIC SURFACE AND K3 SURFACES
Authors: Ascher Kenneth , Devleming Kristin , Liu Yuchen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that the K-moduli spaces of log Fano pairs
$\left(\mathbb {P}^1\times \mathbb {P}^1, cC\right)$
, where C is a
$(4,4)$
curve and their wall crossings coincide with the VGIT quotients of
$(2,4)$
, complete intersection curves in
$\mathbb {P}^3$
. This, together with recent results by Laza and O’Grady, implies that these K-moduli spaces form a natural interpolation between the GIT moduli space of
$(4,4)$
curves on
$\mathbb {P}^1\times \mathbb {P}^1$
and the Baily–Borel compactification of moduli of quartic hyperelliptic K3 surfaces.
Landslides in the Upper Submarine Slopes of Volcanic Islands: The Central Azores
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chun , Mitchell Neil C. , Quartau Rui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmall landslides in the upper submarine slopes of volcanic islands present potential hazards locally because of their high frequency. We examine evidence for landsliding in high‐resolution bathymetric data from Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terceira islands of the Azores. Because the rugged morphology of the upper slopes makes landslides difficult to interpret, we develop two classification schemes for the 1,227 identified slope valleys. One scheme addresses how recognizable the valleys were as originating from landslides (whether scarps are prominent or indefinite), whereas the other scheme addresses valley types (whether apparently produced by single or multiple failures). Size distributions are used to assess the relative occurrence of large versus small landslides. Thirteen landslides are predicted to have generated tsunami heights at source of >1 m and one with height of >7 m. Some slopes have gradients far above 30°, the angle of repose of incohesive clastic sediment, so the seabed in those areas is strengthened perhaps by carbonate cementation, by seismic shaking or by the presence of coherent lava or lava talus. Using all types of slope valleys, Faial and Pico have smaller affected volumes per unit slope area than those of São Jorge and Terceira. These differences could be associated with varied seismic activity, with more frequent earthquakes beneath Faial and Pico preventing the build‐up of sediments on their slopes. Submarine landslide statistics are therefore potentially useful for assessing long‐term earthquake hazards of volcanic islands in seismically active environments such as the Azores.
Fate of Fugitive Natural Gas in Heterogeneous Near‐Surface Sediments in a Region of Extensive Petroleum Resource Development
Authors: Chao Jessie Tse‐Hua , Cahill Aaron G. , Van De Ven Cole J. C. , Beckie Roger D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFugitive natural gas released in the subsurface from leaking oil and gas wells can affect groundwater quality and generate significant greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. We released natural gas into a Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) groundwater system located in an area of petroleum resource development. Through 55 depth‐discrete monitoring points installed up to 26 m deep, we tracked spatiotemporal evolution of dissolved gases over 760 days. Fugitive gas was diverted and mostly retained in the subsurface by capillary barriers, resulting in highly irregular distribution and dissolution of multicomponent gas constituents. Gas wetness changed significantly during migration, although stable‐carbon isotope ratios did not. We expect that where a surface diamict is present, typical of the WCSB, a significant portion of fugitive gas released from leaky wells will be retained in the subsurface, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere but inferring greater risk on groundwater.
Stable Barium Isotope Dynamics During Estuarine Mixing
Authors: Cao Zhimian , Rao Xinting , Yu Yang , Siebert Christopher , Hathorne Ed C. , Liu Bo , Wang Guizhi , Lian Ergang , Wang Zhibing , Zhang Ruifeng , Gao Lei , Wei Gangjian , Yang Shouye , Dai Minhan , Frank Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStable barium isotopes are a potential proxy for riverine inputs into the ocean that reflect monsoon variability and climate change. However, dissolved Ba isotope (δ138BaDBa) geochemistry in river estuaries, a dynamic land to ocean transition zone, has rarely been systematically examined to date. Here, we show that significant Ba isotope fractionation occurs at near‐zero salinities in the Yangtze and Pearl River Estuary, whereas conservative mixing dominates δ138BaDBa distributions beyond low salinities, which are well predicted by an ion exchange model. Elevated δ138BaDBa in the river endmember results from preferential removal of light Ba isotopes by adsorption to fluvial particles. Subsequently, δ138BaDBa rapidly drops to minimum signatures at increased salinities indicating particle desorption of isotopically light Ba. Nevertheless, the apparently conservative δ138BaDBa‐salinity relationship beyond the low‐salinity minimum in both estuaries provides a modern calibration for using Ba isotopes as a proxy for paleosalinity and river water inputs into the ocean.
Evaluating Models for Lithospheric Loss and Intraplate Volcanism Beneath the Central Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Long Maureen D. , Wagner Lara S. , King Scott D. , Evans Rob L. , Mazza Sarah E. , Byrnes Joseph S. , Johnson Elizabeth A. , Kirby Eric , Bezada Maximiliano J. , Gazel Esteban , Miller Scott R. , Aragon John C. , Liu Shangxin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe eastern margin of North America has been shaped by a series of tectonic events including the Paleozoic Appalachian Orogeny and the breakup of Pangea during the Mesozoic. For the past ∼200 Ma, eastern North America has been a passive continental margin; however, there is evidence in the Central Appalachian Mountains for post‐rifting modification of lithospheric structure. This evidence includes two co‐located pulses of magmatism that post‐date the rifting event (at 152 and 47 Ma) along with low seismic velocities, high seismic attenuation, and high electrical conductivity in the upper mantle. Here, we synthesize and evaluate constraints on the lithospheric evolution of the Central Appalachian Mountains. These include tomographic imaging of seismic velocities, seismic and electrical conductivity imaging along the Mid‐Atlantic Geophysical Integrative Collaboration array, gravity and heat flow measurements, geochemical and petrological examination of Jurassic and Eocene magmatic rocks, and estimates of erosion rates from geomorphological data. We discuss and evaluate a set of possible mechanisms for lithospheric loss and intraplate volcanism beneath the region. Taken together, recent observations provide compelling evidence for lithospheric loss beneath the Central Appalachians; while they cannot uniquely identify the processes associated with this loss, they narrow the range of plausible models, with important implications for our understanding of intraplate volcanism and the evolution of continental lithosphere. Our preferred models invoke a combination of (perhaps episodic) lithospheric loss via Rayleigh‐Taylor instabilities and subsequent small‐scale mantle flow in combination with shear‐driven upwelling that maintains the region of thin lithosphere and causes partial melting in the asthenosphere.
Combined associations of 25-hydroxivitamin D and parathyroid hormone with diabetes risk and associated comorbidities among U.S. white and black women
Authors: Xia Jin , Tu Wanzhu , Manson JoAnn E. , Nan Hongmei , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Bea Jennifer W. , Gower Emily W. , Qi Lihong , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Song Yiqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
There is evidence of black–white differences in vitamin D status and cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to further evaluate the joint associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with risks of diabetes and related cardiometabolic comorbidities among white and black women.

Subjects/methods
We cross-sectionally and prospectively analyzed data from 1850 black and 3000 white postmenopausal women without cardiovascular disease or dialysis at baseline from the Women’s Health Initiative—Observational Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses and weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the joint associations of 25(OH)D and PTH with incident diabetes and prevalence of other diabetes-related cardiometabolic comorbidities (including CKD, hypertension, or obesity).

Results
We identified 3322 cases of obesity (n = 1629), hypertension (n = 2759), or CKD (n = 318) at baseline and 453 incident cases of diabetes during 11 years of follow-up. Cross-sectionally, lower 25(OH)D and higher PTH were independently associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.87 and OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.39–1.73] among white women only. When stratified by diabetes status, compared to women with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L (65 pg/mL), women who did not have diabetes with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) and PTH excess (>6.89 pmol/L) had higher prevalence of CKD, hypertension, or obesity (OR = 4.23; 95% CI: 2.90–6.18) than women who had diabetes (OR = 1.89; 95% CI: 0.96–3.71). Prospectively, lower 25(OH)D was associated with lower diabetes incidence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62–0.86] in white women. Jointly, compared to the group with 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and PTH ≤6.89 pmol/L, white women with 25(OH)D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) had elevated risk for diabetes, regardless of PTH levels.

Conclusions
Low 25(OH)D and high PTH were jointly associated with increased risk of diabetes among white women only. Their joint associations with high prevalence of CKD, hypertension, and obesity were more pronounced among women without diabetes.
S19W, T27W, and N330Y mutations in ACE2 enhance SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding toward both wild-type and antibody-resistant viruses and its molecular basis
Authors: Ye Fei , Lin Xi , Chen Zimin , Yang Fanli , Lin Sheng , Yang Jing , Chen Hua , Sun Honglu , Wang Lingling , Wen Ao , Zhang Xindan , Dai Yushan , Cao Yu , Yang Jingyun , Shen Guobo , Yang Li , Li Jiong , Wang Zhenling , Wang Wei , Wei Xiawei , Lu Guangwen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 recognizes, via its spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate infection. Ecto-domain protein of ACE2 can therefore function as a decoy. Here we show that mutations of S19W, T27W, and N330Y in ACE2 could individually enhance SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding. Y330 could be synergistically combined with either W19 or W27, whereas W19 and W27 are mutually unbeneficial. The structures of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD bound to the ACE2 mutants reveal that the enhanced binding is mainly contributed by the van der Waals interactions mediated by the aromatic side-chains from W19, W27, and Y330. While Y330 and W19/W27 are distantly located and devoid of any steric interference, W19 and W27 are shown to orient their side-chains toward each other and to cause steric conflicts, explaining their incompatibility. Finally, using pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses, we demonstrate that these residue substitutions are associated with dramatically improved entry-inhibition efficacy toward both wild-type and antibody-resistant viruses. Taken together, our biochemical and structural data have delineated the basis for the elevated S-RBD binding associated with S19W, T27W, and N330Y mutations in ACE2, paving the way for potential application of these mutants in clinical treatment of COVID-19.
Role of dietary factors in the prevention and treatment for depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective studies
Authors: Xu Yujie , Zeng Linan , Zou Kun , Shan Shufang , Wang Xiaoyu , Xiong Jingyuan , Zhao Li , Zhang Lingli , Cheng Guo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role of diet in depression is becoming increasingly acknowledged. This umbrella review aimed to summarize comprehensively the current evidence reporting the effects of dietary factors on the prevention and treatment of depression. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to June 2021 to identify relevant meta-analyses of prospective studies. Twenty-eight meta-analyses, with 40 summary estimates on dietary patterns (n = 8), food and beverages (n = 19), and nutrients (n = 13) were eligible. The methodological quality of most meta-analyses was low (50.0%) or very low (25.0%). Quality of evidence was moderate for inverse associations for depression incidence with healthy diet [risk ratio (RR): 0.74, 95% confidential interval (CI), 0.48–0.99, I2 = 89.8%], fish (RR: 0.88, 95% CI, 0.79–0.97, I2 = 0.0%), coffee (RR: 0.89, 95% CI, 0.84–0.94, I2 = 32.9%), dietary zinc (RR: 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.82, I2 = 13.9%), light to moderate alcohol (<40 g/day, RR: 0.77, 95% CI, 0.74–0.83, I2 = 20.5%), as well as for positive association with sugar-sweetened beverages (RR: 1.05, 95% CI, 1.01–1.09, I2 = 0.0%). For depression treatment, moderate-quality evidence was identified for the effects of probiotic [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.31, 95% CI, −0.56 to −0.07, I2 = 48.2%], omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (SMD: −0.28, 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.09, I2 = 75.0%) and acetyl-l-carnitine (SMD: −1.10, 95% CI, −1.65 to −0.56, I2 = 86.0%) supplementations. Overall, the associations between dietary factors and depression had been extensively evaluated, but none of them were rated as high quality of evidence, suggesting further studies are likely to change the summary estimates. Thus, more well-designed research investigating more detailed dietary factors in association with depression is warranted.