bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mehr als nur der Schmetterling – ein Leitfaden durch die Vielfalt des kutanen Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Heil P. M. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie vielen klinischen Varianten des kutanen Lupus erythematodes (CLE) können solitär oder im Rahmen eines systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE) auftreten, auf dessen Vorkommen regelmäßig gescreent werden muss. Neben dem weiblichen Geschlecht und genetischen Faktoren stellen Sonnenexposition, Rauchen und manche Medikamente Risikofaktoren dar. Die wichtigsten CLE-Formen sind der akut-kutane LE (z. B. Schmetterlingserythem, generalisiert makulopapulös, enoral), der subakut-kutane LE (z. B. anuläre Form) und der chronisch-kutane LE (z. B. vernarbend diskoide Läsionen, Pannikulitis, Chilblain-LE). Die Diagnose beruht vor allem auf der Klinik und der Histopathologie, hinzu kommen autoimmunserologische Befunde und die direkte Immunfluoreszenz. Milde CLE-Formen können lokal therapiert werden. Reicht dies nicht aus, ist neben einem Steroidstoß Hydroxychloroquin die Systemtherapie der Wahl. Erweiterte therapeutische Optionen stellen Methotrexat, Retinoide, Dapson, Mycophenolat Mofetil, Azathioprin, Thalidomid, Belimumab und Rituximab dar. Alle CLE-Therapien sind off-label. Eine Aktualisierung der Impfungen sollte nach Möglichkeit vor Beginn einer Immunsuppression stattfinden. Zur Objektivierung des therapeutischen Ansprechens eines CLE empfiehlt sich das regelmäßige Scoring mittels RCLASI (Revised CLE Disease Area and Severity Index). Präventiv ist Sonnenschutz (Cremen, Kleidung, Reiseziele) von höchster Wichtigkeit, da Sonnenexposition Schübe provozieren kann. Ein LE stellt keine Kontraindikation gegen eine Schwangerschaft (SS) dar, jedoch sollte diese nicht in einem Schub eintreten, da dies das Risiko für Fetus und Mutter erhöht. Therapeutisch kommen während einer SS v. a. Steroide, Hydroxychloroquin, Dapson und Azathioprin in Betracht.
Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Systematic Review
Authors: Orm Stian , Vatne Torun , Tomeny Theodore S. , Fjermestad Krister 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSiblings of children with ASD have, as a group, more autistic traits than typically developing individuals. A high prevalence of autistic traits may (or may not) include lower scores on measures of empathy and prosocial behavior compared with typically developing individuals. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies of empathy and prosocial behavior in siblings of individuals with ASD. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of studies published until March 2020. We identified 16 studies with a total of 1066 siblings that met inclusion criteria. Based on the review, we conclude that the current literature suggests that siblings of individuals with ASD exhibit normative empathic abilities and prosocial behavior.
An Alternative Approach for Constraining 3D‐Displacements With InSAR, Applied to a Fault‐Bounded Groundwater Entrainment Field in California
Authors: Murray K. D. , Lohman R. B. , Kim J. , Holt W. E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe explore the use of elastic Green’s functions in inversions of one‐dimensional Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations to recover three‐dimensional displacement fields. This approach enforces coupling of the horizontal displacements and limits the need for prior assumptions about the subsurface sources, driving the deformation or explicit damping of a given dimension of the full 3D deformation field. We apply these methods to data from the Coachella Valley, California, where artificial groundwater recharge in 2017 and the associated increases in pore pressure resulted in ground displacements of up to 12 cm. This area is covered by Sentinel‐1a/b data for two overlapping paths from both ascending and descending orbits, as well as an east‐west flight line from the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), providing five unique line‐of‐sight geometries. The regularization approaches applied to the Sentinel data alone agree in most respects, with the elastically coupled approach producing a slightly better fit to the independent UAVSAR observations. Our results suggest that the 2017 groundwater entrainment in the Coachella Valley is likely associated with significant horizontal displacements that led to contraction across the fault bounding the northern side of the basin, as well as increases in right‐lateral sense of strain in some areas along the fault.
Incorporating Wind Information in the Inversion of Co‐Located Pressure and Seismic Data for Shallow Elastic Structure
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Wang Jiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen surface pressure is large, seismic noise between about 0.01 and 0.05 Hz is mostly generated by wind‐related surface pressure changes. By analyzing this phenomenon using co‐located pressure and seismic data, we can derive shallow elastic structure in the uppermost 50–100 m. However, there still remains a difficult question on seismic excitation by wind‐related surface pressure because of complexity in wind behaviors. Roughly speaking, it consists of the mean shear flow and turbulence. The mean flow should act like a moving pressure source on the surface while turbulent parts act like a stochastic source as the surface pressure field becomes heterogeneous. We point out that this complexity may be reduced by selecting time intervals of stable wind direction. During such time intervals, pressure changes occur in the direction of winds, which justifies us to use a relatively simple, moving pressure source model. We quantify the stability of wind direction by the standard deviation of wind direction data (ΔΨ). For stations with co‐located wind, pressure, and seismic data, we propose to select time intervals with small ΔΨ first and apply our inversion method based on the moving pressure model. In the absence of wind data at a station with co‐located pressure and seismic data, we propose to analyze the high‐pressure end of data, as this selection partially satisfies the stable wind condition.
Upper‐Atmosphere Mass Density Variations From CASSIOPE Precise Orbits
Authors: Calabia Andrés , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThermospheric mass density (TMD) measurements are invaluable to accurately estimate and predict the position and velocity of orbiting objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Existing observational methods and predictive models have some problems (e.g., accuracy, resolution, coverage, cost, etc.) to describe and forecast the actual air drag variations as required for practical applications. With the increasing number of LEO satellites equipped with high‐precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, the precise orbits can be used to obtain non‐gravitational accelerations, and therefore estimate TMD variations. In this study, TMD is estimated from the precise orbits of CAScade SmallSat and IOnospheric Polar Explorer (CASSIOPE) at one‐second time step, and the TMD variations following the February 2014 geomagnetic storm are investigated. Using this method, a more detailed description than previous methods and empirical models is given with short‐term TMD variations during geomagnetic storm conditions. The empirical model NRLMSISE‐00 shows less pronounced and more averaged variations, while CASSIOPE‐derived TMD can reflect the abrupt disturbances triggered by the geomagnetic storm. CASSIOPE TMD shows a correlation of 72.4% to the merging electric field Em index, while the NRLMSISE‐00 model shows a correlation of 42.1%.
Modeling the Spatiotemporal Association Between COVID‐19 Transmission and Population Mobility Using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression
Authors: Chen Yixiang , Chen Min , Huang Bo , Wu Chao , Shi Wenjia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has posed a serious threat to human public health and global economy. Population mobility is an important factor that drives the spread of COVID‐19. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of population flow on the spread of COVID‐19 from a spatiotemporal perspective. To this end, a case study was carried out in Hubei Province, which was once the most affected area of COVID‐19 outbreak in Mainland China. The geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was applied to model the spatiotemporal association between COVID‐19 epidemic and population mobility. Two patterns of population flows, including the population inflow from Wuhan and intra‐city population movement, were considered to construct explanatory variables. Results indicate that the GTWR model can reveal the spatial–temporal‐varying relationships between COVID‐19 and population mobility. Moreover, the association between COVID‐19 case counts and population movements presented three stages of temporal variation characteristics due to the virus incubation period and implementation of strict lockdown measures. In the spatial dimension, evident geographical disparities were observed across Hubei Province. These findings can provide policymakers useful knowledge about the impact of population movement on the spatio‐temporal transmission of COVID‐19. Thus, targeted interventions, if necessary in certain time periods, can be implemented to restrict population flow in cities with high transmission risk.
Ablation of p75NTR signaling strengthens gamma–theta rhythm interaction and counteracts Aβ-induced degradation of neuronal dynamics in mouse hippocampus in vitro
Authors: Andrade-Talavera Yuniesky , Balleza-Tapia Hugo , Dolz-Gaitón Pablo , Chen Gefei , Johansson Jan , Fisahn André 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGamma and theta brain rhythms play important roles in cognition and their interaction can affect gamma oscillation features. Hippocampal theta oscillations depend on cholinergic and GABAergic input from the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca. These projecting neurons undergo degeneration during aging and maintain high levels of neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). p75NTR mediates both apoptosis and survival and its expression is increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Here, we investigate the importance of p75NTR for the cholinergic input to the hippocampus. Performing extracellular recordings in brain slices from p75NTR knockout mice (p75−/−) in presence of the muscarinic agonist carbachol, we find that gamma oscillation power and rhythmicity are increased compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, gamma activity is more phase-locked to the underlying theta rhythm, which renders a stronger coupling of both rhythms. On the cellular level, we find that fast-spiking interneurons (FSNs) fire more synchronized to a preferred gamma phase in p75−/− mice. The excitatory input onto FSN is more rhythmic displaying a higher similarity with the concomitant gamma rhythm. Notably, the ablation of p75NTR counteracts the Aβ-induced degradation of gamma oscillations and its nesting within the underlying theta rhythm. Our results show that the lack of p75NTR signaling could promote stronger cholinergic modulation of the hippocampal gamma rhythm, suggesting an involvement of p75NTR in the downregulation of cognition-relevant hippocampal network dynamics in pathologies. Moreover, functional data provided here suggest p75NTR as a suitable target in the search for efficacious treatments to counteract the loss of cognitive function observed in amyloid-driven pathologies such as AD.
The risk of pulmonary tuberculosis after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Liu Hsin-Yueh , Liao Kuang-Ming , Liang Fu-Wen , Hung Yi-Chieh , Wang Jhi-Joung , Shen Te-Chun , Ho Chung-Han 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAfter traumatic brain injury (TBI), an inflammatory response in the brain might affect the immune system. The risk of pulmonary infection reportedly increases in patients with TBI. We aimed to evaluate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with TBI in Taiwan. All participants were selected from the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with TBI were defined as patients in ICU with intracranial injury, and comparison cohort were patients in ICU without TBI diagnosis. There was a significant difference in TB risk between the patients with TBI and the comparison cohort according to age and the Charlson’s comorbidity index (CCI) score. Thus, we divided patients based on CCI into three groups for further analysis: mild (CCI = 0), moderate (CCI = 1/2), severe (CCI > 2). Mild-CCI group had a lower TB incidence rate (0.74%) and longer time to TB development (median: 2.43) than the other two groups. Moderate-CCI group had 1.52-fold increased risk of TB infection (p < 0.0001) compared with mild-CCI group. In the severe-CCI group, patients aged ≥ 80 years had 1.91-fold risk of TB compared with mild-CCI group (p = 0.0481). Severe-CCI group had significantly higher mortality than the mild-CCI group (p = 0.0366). Patients with TBI and more comorbidities had higher risk of TB infection with higher mortality rate.
PolyQ-expanded proteins impair cellular proteostasis of ataxin-3 through sequestering the co-chaperone HSJ1 into aggregates
Authors: Yue Hong-Wei , Hong Jun-Ye , Zhang Shu-Xian , Jiang Lei-Lei , Hu Hong-Yu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyglutamine (polyQ) expansion of proteins can trigger protein misfolding and amyloid-like aggregation, which thus lead to severe cytotoxicities and even the respective neurodegenerative diseases. However, why polyQ aggregation is toxic to cells is not fully elucidated. Here, we took the fragments of polyQ-expanded (PQE) ataxin-7 (Atx7) and huntingtin (Htt) as models to investigate the effect of polyQ aggregates on the cellular proteostasis of endogenous ataxin-3 (Atx3), a protein that frequently appears in diverse inclusion bodies. We found that PQE Atx7 and Htt impair the cellular proteostasis of Atx3 by reducing its soluble as well as total Atx3 level but enhancing formation of the aggregates. Expression of these polyQ proteins promotes proteasomal degradation of endogenous Atx3 and accumulation of its aggregated form. Then we verified that the co-chaperone HSJ1 is an essential factor that orchestrates the balance of cellular proteostasis of Atx3; and further discovered that the polyQ proteins can sequester HSJ1 into aggregates or inclusions in a UIM domain-dependent manner. Thereby, the impairment of Atx3 proteostasis may be attributed to the sequestration and functional loss of cellular HSJ1. This study deciphers a potential mechanism underlying how PQE protein triggers proteinopathies, and also provides additional evidence in supporting the hijacking hypothesis that sequestration of cellular interacting partners by protein aggregates leads to cytotoxicity or neurodegeneration.
Suspended sediment load prediction using long short-term memory neural network
Authors: AlDahoul Nouar , Essam Yusuf , Kumar Pavitra , Ahmed Ali Najah , Sherif Mohsen , Sefelnasr Ahmed , Elshafie Ahmed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRivers carry suspended sediments along with their flow. These sediments deposit at different places depending on the discharge and course of the river. However, the deposition of these sediments impacts environmental health, agricultural activities, and portable water sources. Deposition of suspended sediments reduces the flow area, thus affecting the movement of aquatic lives and ultimately leading to the change of river course. Thus, the data of suspended sediments and their variation is crucial information for various authorities. Various authorities require the forecasted data of suspended sediments in the river to operate various hydraulic structures properly. Usually, the prediction of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is challenging due to various factors, including site-related data, site-related modelling, lack of multiple observed factors used for prediction, and pattern complexity.Therefore, to address previous problems, this study proposes a Long Short Term Memory model to predict suspended sediments in Malaysia's Johor River utilizing only one observed factor, including discharge data. The data was collected for the period of 1988–1998. Four different models were tested, in this study, for the prediction of suspended sediments, which are: ElasticNet Linear Regression (L.R.), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Long Short-Term Memory. Predictions were analysed based on four different scenarios such as daily, weekly, 10-daily, and monthly. Performance evaluation stated that Long Short-Term Memory outperformed other models with the regression values of 92.01%, 96.56%, 96.71%, and 99.45% daily, weekly, 10-days, and monthly scenarios, respectively.
Understanding drivers of wild oyster population persistence
Authors: Teixeira Alves Mickael , Taylor Nick G. H. , Tidbury Hannah J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPersistence of wild Pacific oyster, Magallana gigas, also known as Crassostrea gigas, has been increasingly reported across Northern European waters in recent years. While reproduction is inhibited by cold waters, recent warm summer temperature has increased the frequency of spawning events. Although correlation between the increasing abundance of Pacific oyster reefs in Northern European waters and climate change is documented, persistence of wild populations may also be influenced by external recruitment from farmed populations and other wild oyster populations, as well as on competition for resources with aquaculture sites. Our understanding of the combined impact of the spawning frequency, external recruitment, and competition on wild population persistence is limited. This study applied an age-structured model, based on ordinary differential equations, to describe an oyster population under discrete temperature-related dynamics. The impact of more frequent spawning events, external recruitment, and changes in carrying capacity on Pacific oyster density were simulated and compared under theoretical scenarios and two case studies in Southern England. Results indicate that long term persistence of wild oyster populations towards carrying capacity requires a high frequency of spawning events but that in the absence of spawning, external recruitment from farmed populations and other wild oyster populations may act to prevent extinction and increase population density. However, external recruitment sources may be in competition with the wild population so that external recruitment is associated with a reduction in wild population density. The implications of model results are discussed in the context of wild oyster population management.
Optomechanical crystals for spatial sensing of submicron sized particles
Authors: Navarro-Urrios D. , Kang E. , Xiao P. , Colombano M. F. , Arregui G. , Graczykowski B. , Capuj N. E. , Sledzinska M. , Sotomayor-Torres C. M. , Fytas G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptomechanical crystal cavities (OMC) have rich perspectives for detecting and indirectly analysing biological particles, such as proteins, bacteria and viruses. In this work we demonstrate the working principle of OMCs operating under ambient conditions as a sensor of submicrometer particles by optically monitoring the frequency shift of thermally activated mechanical modes. The resonator has been specifically designed so that the cavity region supports a particular family of low modal-volume mechanical modes, commonly known as -pinch modes-. These involve the oscillation of only a couple of adjacent cavity cells that are relatively insensitive to perturbations in other parts of the resonator. The eigenfrequency of these modes decreases as the deformation is localized closer to the centre of the resonator.
Thus, by identifying specific modes that undergo a frequency shift that amply exceeds the mechanical linewidth, it is possible to infer if there are particles deposited on the resonator, how many are there and their approximate position within the cavity region. OMCs have rich perspectives for detecting and indirectly analysing biological particles, such as proteins, viruses and bacteria.
Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation
Authors: Motokura Ken , Maeda Kyogo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAromatic C–H borylation catalyzed by an Ir complex is among the most powerful methods for activating inert bonds. The products, i.e., arylboronic acids and their esters, are usable chemicals for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, and significant effort has been directed toward the development of homogeneous catalysis chemistry. In this short review, we present a recent overview of current heterogeneous Ir-complex catalyst developments for aromatic C–H borylation. Not only have Ir complexes been immobilized on support surfaces with phosphine and bipyridine ligands, but Ir complexes incorporated within solid materials have also been developed as highly active and reusable heterogeneous Ir catalysts. Their catalytic activities and stabilities strongly depend on their surface structures, including linker length and ligand structure.1	Introduction and Homogeneous Ir Catalysis2	Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions3	Other Heterogeneous Metal Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions4	Summary and Outlook
Synthesis of Ferrocenesulfonyl Chloride: Key Intermediate toward Ferrocenesulfonamides
Authors: Erb William , Wen Min , Roisnel Thierry , Mongin Florence 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFerrocenesulfonyl chloride is the key intermediate in the synthesis of ferrocenesulfonamides, a family of underexplored derivatives. A one-pot synthesis of this compound, able to easily deliver multigram quantities of product, is reported. An original protocol for the synthesis of ferrocenesulfonamides is described along with highlighting the reactivity difference between arene and ferrocenesulfonyl chlorides. Finally, an example of diastereoselective deprotolithiation of chiral ferrocenesulfonamides is described.
Recent Advances in the Use of Sodium Dispersion for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Asako Sobi , Ilies Laurean , De Pinaki Bhusan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis short review describes the recent emergence of organosodium chemistry, motivated by the requirements of modern synthetic chemistry for sustainability, and powered by the use of sodium dispersion, a form of sodium that is commercially available, easy to handle, and has a large active surface area. We present recent methods for the preparation of organosodium compounds using sodium dispersion, and their applications to synthesis. Sodium amides and phosphides are also briefly discussed.1	Introduction2	Sodium Dispersion3	Preparation of Organosodium Compounds3.1	Two-Electron Reduction of Aryl Halides3.2	Halogen–Sodium Exchange3.3	Directed Metalation3.4	Cleavage of C–C and C–Heteroatom Bonds4	Synthetic Applications4.1	Reduction in Combination with a Proton Source4.1.1	Bouveault–Blanc Reduction4.1.2	Birch Reduction4.1.3	Reductive Deuteration4.1.4	Chemoselective Cleavage of Amides and Nitriles4.2	Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes5	Sodium Amides and Phosphides6	Conclusions and Outlook
First Total Synthesis of 27-Deoxylyngbyabellin A
Authors: Liu Yi , Du Yuguo , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we document the first total synthesis of the marine cyanobacteria secondary metabolite 27-deoxylyngbyabellin A in 10 linear steps with 9.7% overall yield. Key steps entailed (1) one-pot cascade reaction of (S)-2-(benzyloxy)-3-methylbutanoic acid and of Boc-l-Ile-OH with a β-azido disulfide building block to access two critical thiazole units, (2) chiral oxazaborolidinone-mediated asymmetric aldol reaction to construct an (S)-β-hydroxy ester, and (3) diphenyl phosphorazidate mediated macrolactamization of the assembled linear precursor to achieve the natural product 27-deoxylyngbyabellin A.