bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate Governance, Sharia’ah Governance and Performance: A Cross-Country Comparison in the MENA Region
Authors: Buallay Amina 
Published: June 2021

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance bank’s operational (ROA), financial (ROE) and market performance (TQ) in both conventional and Islamic Banks. This study examines 127 banks listed on the MENA countries for ten years (2008-2017). ‎The study independent variable is corporate governance principles, the dependent variables are return on assets (ROA); return on equity (ROE) and Tobin’s q (TQ). Also, the study utilizes bank and country specific control variables to help measuring the relationship between governance and bank’s Performance. The findings deduced from the empirical results demonstrate that sharia’ah governance significantly influenced the ROA and ROE. However, the corporate governance significantly influenced the TQ. Furthermore, the results indicate that there are differences between sharia’ah governance and corporate governance with regard to operational, financial and market performance. The study provides insights about the differences in the relationship between sharia’ah governance, corporate governance, and the improvement of performance, which might be utilized by both banks to re-adopt the governance practices in enhancing the operational, financial and market performance.
الاستطاعة في الشريعة الإسلامية ..تحديد وتأصيل
Authors: سعد قاسم 
Published: June 2021

الاستطاعة من معالم ديننا الحنيف، التي تنبثق من خصائصه العامة، وهي مَناط التكليف. وشرائع السماء مبناها على الإطاقة، لكن بغي الناس قبلنا أوقعهم في العَنَت والشدة، إلا أن شريعتنا المبنية على الفطرة نفت الحَرَج والشدّة عن هذه الأمة المرحومة، وجعلت التكليف بالوُسْع صفة مستمرة لهذا الدين. وآيات القرآن الكريم في ذلك صارت مثلاً يُضرب، فمن ذلك قولُ الله تعالى: ﴿لا يُكَلِّف الله نفساً إلا وُسْعَها﴾ [البقرة 286]. وقولُه أيضاً: ﴿فاتقوا الله ما استطعتم﴾ [التغابن 16]. وقرّرت السنة هذا الأمر وأرست قواعده، ففي الحديث الصحيح: "فإذا أمرتكم بشيء فأتوا منه ما استطعتم". ومما فَصَّله النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في ذلك قوله: "صلّ قائماً، فإن لم تستطع فقاعداً، فإن لم تستطع فعلى جَنْب". فشريعة الإسلام جاءت لتحافظَ على توازن الإنسان ووسطيته، ولتعملَ على تهذيبه لا تعذيبه، لذا لا تكليف مع العجز، والاستطاعة شرط للتكاليف باتفاق الفقهاء. ولذوي الأعذار في شرعة الإسلام سَعَةٌ فطرية لم تُعهد في شريعة سماوية ولا في قانون أرضي، قال سبحانه وتعالى: ﴿يريد الله بكم اليُسْر ولا يريد بكم العُسْر﴾ [البقرة 85].
والمقصد العام للشارع الحكيم تحقيق مصالح الناس في الحياة، بجلب النفع لهم ودفعِ الضر عنهم. واستخلص العلماء من ذاك المقصد الجليل قواعدَ كليةً كبرى بُني عليها الشرع الحنيف، منها القاعدة المشهورة: (المشقة تجلب التيسير)، وهي من أوضحِ مظاهرِ رفع الحرج في الشريعة الإسلامية، وأنه لا تكليف إلا مع الإطاقة. فالاستطاعة لُبٌّ من لُبَاب الحَنِيفيّة، وقاعدةٌ من قواعد الدِّين، وهي شعارُ الفطرة الخالصة، ومَنَارُ الرحمةِ والتيسير. والاستطاعة راسخة في الدين، مطّرِدةٌ في شرائعه، مستوعِبةٌ لأحكامه. وهذا ما سيوضحه هذا البحث.
السياسة الإدارية لاختيار الموظفين في الفقه الاسلامي
Authors: محمود عمر نهاد 
Published: June 2021

حظي علم الادارة وكيفية اختيار الموظفين والقائمين عليها الاهتمام البالغ في الفقه الاسلامي ، كما كانت الإدارة الإسلامية التي أسسها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وسار على هداها صحابته ثم من تبعهم بعد ذلك تصنف آنذاك من أهم نظريات الإدارة في العالم ، فكانوا في مقدمة العالم في التنمية الاقتصادية والتقنية والاجتماعية. ونظرا لتلك الأهمية للإدراة قام الفقه الإسلامي بوضع القواعد العامة للسياسة الإدارية الناجحة في اختيار الموظفين على أساس الأداء قبل الولاء واعتماد (الكفاءة والأمانة) المعيار الأساس لاختيار الموظفين، وقد اتخذت هذه المسائل في الفقه الإداري الإسلامي طابع المرونة والاجتهاد في الرأي كلما جدت الحاجات وتنوعت الأحداث والمطالب تبعاً لتغير الأزمنة والأمكنة والأحوال. ، لذلك أتى هذا البحث الموسوم بـ (السياسة الادارية لاختيار الموظفين ) يعني بفقه الإدارة وأهميتها في الفقه الاسلامي والتعريف بالمصحات ذات الصلة و بيان سياسة اختيار الموظفين من خلال الفكر الاسلامي ونصوصه التشريعية ، واجتهادات الفقهاء المسلمين.
العناية بأحكام الأئمة على الأحاديث النبوية في برنامج جامع خادم الحرمين الشريفين الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز للسنة النبوية المطهرة
Authors: سيف عمر 
Published: June 2021

يختصّ هذا البحث بإظهار عناية برنامج "جامع خادم الحرمين الشريفين الملك عبد الله بن عبد العزيز للسنة النبوية المطهرة" بنقل أحكام الأئمة على الأحاديث النبوية، وبيان كيفية الإفادة من هذه الميزة في البرنامج؛ وأنه يمكن أن يفيد منها الباحث المتخصص وغير المتخصص؛ ويسعى إلى الإجابة عن بعض التساؤلات، ومنها: مدى إمكانية الاعتماد على البرنامج في أحكام الأئمة على الأحاديث؟ وهل استوفى البرنامج أقوال الأئمة في الحكم على كل حديث؟ ومدى دقته في نقل نصوص الأئمة في حكمهم على الحديث؟ ثم يتطرق إلى الجوانب التطويرية التي تظهر من خلال الدراسة؛ والتي يمكن أن تُراعى وتُضاف إلى الإصدارات القادمة للبرنامج.
Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI
Authors: Mumm Rebekka , Reimann Anna , Scheffler Christiane 
Published: June 2021

Background
Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”.
Objectives
We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents.
Sample and Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index.
Results
Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index.
Conclusion
The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.
La revolución en Huando: una batalla por la reforma agraria peruana (1969-1973)
Authors: Cabrera Morales Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Durante la aplicación de la Reforma Agraria en el Perú, destacó, entre muchos conflictos, el enfrentamiento entre los propietarios y los trabajadores del sindicato de la hacienda Huando. Después de meses de pugnas, el gobierno militar de Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) cedió a los reclamos de los trabajadores agrícolas y expropió la hacienda –la cual resaltaba por ser un símbolo de empresa agrícola moderna– para dar paso a la creación de una cooperativa. Empleando la revisión de la documentación de la hacienda, artículos de prensa, discursos presidenciales, entrevistas y los borradores de las actas del Consejo de Ministros del gabinete militar, este artículo analiza cómo el gobierno velasquista utilizó el caso de Huando como un símbolo antioligárquico y cómo este conflicto, a su vez, marcó una ruptura clave en las relaciones del régimen militar con los hacendados.
CAMPURAN SERAT SABUT KELAPA DAN RAYON VISCOSA SEBAGAI MATERIAL NON-WOVEN UNTUK TEKSTIL AKUSTIK (ACOUSTIC TEXTILE)
Authors: Rohmah Siti 
Published: June 2021

Tekstil akustik merupakan salah satu kelompok tekstil teknik yang kainnya digunakan sebagai peredam suara. Peredam suara adalah suatu bahan dari kain yang dapat mengurangi dan mengendalikan kebisingan. Koefisien absorpsi bunyi dinyatakan dalam bilangan antara 0 sampai 1. Nilai koefisien absorpsi 0 menyatakan tidak ada energi bunyi yang diabsorpsi dan nilai koefisien absorpsi 1 menyatakan absorpsi yang sempurna (Leslie L. Doelle, 1985).Material yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kain non-woven berbahan dasar serat serabut kelapa dan rayon viskosa dengan variasi berat 40 g, 50 g, dan 60 g yang dibuat di balai besar tekstil menggunakan mesin prototype Hot Press dengan metode Thermal Bonding.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian koefisien absorpsi bunyi tertinggi pada kain nonwoven dengan variasi berat 60 g yaitu 0,3 ɑs, kain nonwoven dengan variasi berat 50 g yaitu 0,18 ɑs, dan kain nonwoven dengan variasi berat 40 g adalah 0,15 ɑs. Penambahan berat pada kain non-woven dapat meningkatkan nilai koefisiensi absorpsi.Kesimpulannya adalah serat serabut kelapa dan rayon viskosa dapat dijadikan bahan kain non-woven untuk tekstil akustik dengan metode pembuatan thermal bonding. Semakin berat gramasi kain semakin tinggi nilai koefisiensi absorpsi.
NTNU WriteFest 2020
Authors: Fagervik Andreas , Langfeldt Inga Buset , Lorange Anne L. , Østerdal Idun Knutsdatter 
Published: June 2021

October is when the NTNU University Library usually offers physical writing events, assisting students with academic writing. For obvious reasons this was not possible in 2020, so we decided to create a digital event instead. We wanted to gather students who needed motivation and inspiration, and lecturers and librarians who could help, on the same platform at the same time. Our intention was to create a feeling of interdisciplinary community among the students as well as the employees, even though we weren’t in the same place physically. Not only did we want to reach out to all NTNU students across Norway, but also include the international students located abroad.The festival took place 12-16 October 2020 in The Virtual Library in Zoom (NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket, 2020), established during the lockdown in the spring of 2020. Events took place during the entire week, with the main event on Wednesday evening. The program focused on academic writing and related topics. We had lectures and courses with multiple internal and external contributors from NTNU, in addition to other services we offered during the week and evening. Parts of the event were also streamed to Facebook.
There were a lot of firsts in the making of the festival. A digital writing festival for all students at NTNU had never been done before. The project group also consisted of members from different cities and departments and met only through online meetings. Working digitally presents new and other options when it comes to digital solutions and how to work together.
In this presentation we will talk about our experiences, the do’s and don’ts we made along the way, and during the event. Things that work fine physically do not necessarily function well digitally.
Re:Learn
Authors: Borg Linda , Eriksson Marie-Louise 
Published: June 2021

Librarians and writing tutors in higher education are working intensely to teach information literacy to students. But the extent to which this work is done collaborative or separately differs greatly between the universities.
•How can we facilitate collaborative learning on questions regarding the teaching of academic information literacy?
•How do we relate this teaching to various national and international frameworks and guidelines?
•How do we find new ways and methods for writing tutors and librarians to work together?
•Is it possible to create a platform to facilitate the exchange of ideas and tools?
These are some of the questions that led us to start this project: to develop an open web course on student learning of information literacy in higher education. But instead of targeting students in higher education the target group for this course is librarians and writing tutors at Swedish universities. The project is funded by the Swedish library Association.The purpose of the course is to:
•Place information literacy in an academic context, where academic writing is included together with information seeking, referencing, plagiarism etc.
•Develop national cooperation on issues related to the teaching of information literacy and academic writing
•To facilitate online peer learning between collegues on issues related to teaching information literacy and academic writing
•Develop a platform for sharing experiences regarding tools and methods
The participants will get the opportunity to participate in workshops and PBL-inspired group work on themes regarding the teaching of information literacy in higher education. In this way we hope to facilitate a creative and collaborative learning environment. The first iteration of the course will take place April-May 2021. This presentation will be about the development of the course and what we have learned so far.
Learning in a designed world
Authors: Säljö Roger 
Published: June 2021

See RECORDING
Human beings have an incredible talent for learning and for converting the insights they make into technologies. Some of these technologies (hammers, knives, bicycles etc.) transform our bodily capacities; they change the way we interact with the world when we repair an object or move between places. Other technologies (numbers, writing systems, texts, calculators) transform our capacities to think, remember, solve problems and communicate with fellow human beings. These symbolic technologies, as the evolutionary psychologist Merlin Donald calls them, play a decisive role for our capacity to learn, to preserve information and, more generally, to think at the individual as well as collective level. And these technologies are restless, they change continuously. In a designed world, our intellectual capacities are dependent on our abilities to productively utilize such external resources in what we do. What we know is no longer exclusively beneath the skin or between our ears.
What if being or becoming information literate were an adventure?
Authors: Dahl Tove I. 
Published: June 2021

See RECORDING
What if we allowed ourselves to rethink what becoming information literate is about, or can be? In this talk, I will take us along paths of thought that allow us to re-imagine what it might mean to become an information literate person. I will draw from my base in several psychological research traditions and years of experience designing curricula and hands-on teaching in both traditional and non-traditional learning environments. I invite you to join me in thinking about how we might build on what you already do well in IL education by entertaining one simple question: What if being or becoming information literate were an adventure? Where might that take us?
Expression of thermophilic two-domain laccase from Catenuloplanes japonicus in Escherichia coli and its activity against triarylmethane and azo dyes
Authors: Trubitsina Liubov Igorevna , Abdullatypov Azat Vadimovich , Larionova Anna Petrovna , Trubitsin Ivan Vasilyevich , Alferov Sergey Valerievich , Ponamoreva Olga Nikolaevna , Leontievsky Alexey Arkadyevich 
Published: June 2021

Background
Two-domain laccases are copper-containing oxidases found in bacteria in the beginning of 2000ths. Two-domain laccases are known for their thermal stability, wide substrate specificity and, the most important of all, their resistance to so-called «strong inhibitors» of classical fungal laccases (azides, fluorides). Low redox potential was found to be specific for all the two-domain laccases, due to which these enzymes lost the researchers’ interest as potentially applicable for various biotechnological purposes, such as bioremediation. Searching, obtaining and studying the properties of novel two-domain laccases will help to obtain an enzyme with high redox-potential allowing its practical application.

Methods
A gene encoding two-domain laccase was identified in Catenuloplanes japonicus genome, cloned and expressed in an Echerichia coli strain. The protein was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Its molecular properties were studied using electrophoresis in native and denaturing conditions. Physico-chemical properties, kinetic characteristics, substrate specificity and decolorization ability of laccase towards triphenylmethane dyes were measured spectrophotometrically.

Results
A novel two-domain recombinant laccase CjSL appeared to be a multimer with a subunit molecular mass of 37 kDa. It oxidized a wide range of phenolic substrates (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, hydroquinone, catechol, etc.) at alkaline pH, while oxidizing of non phenolic substrates (K4[Fe(CN)6], ABTS) was optimal at acidic pH. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme was specific for all two-domain laccases with peak of absorption at 600 nm and shoulder at 340 nm. The pH optima of CjSL for oxidation of ABTS and 2, 6-DMP substrates were 3.6 and 9.2 respectively. The temperature optimum was 70 °C. The enzyme was most stable in neutral-alkaline conditions. CjSL retained 53% activity after pre-incubation at 90 °C for 60 min. The enzyme retained 26% activity even after 60 min of boiling. The effects of NaF, NaN3, NaCl, EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline on enzymatic activity were investigated. Only 1,10-phenanthroline reduced laccase activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. Laccase was able to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes and azo-dyes. ABTS and syringaldehyde were effective mediators for decolorization. The efficacy of dye decolorization depended on pH of the reaction medium.
Review on Natural Language Processing Based on Different Techniques
Authors: Maulud Dastan Hussen , Ameen Siddeeq Y. , Omar Naaman , Kak Shakir Fattah , Rashid Zryan Najat , Yasin Hajar Maseeh , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood , Salih Azar Abid , Salim Nareen O. M. , Ahmed Dindar Mikaeel 
Published: June 2021

With the exponential growth of the information on the Internet, there is a high demand for making this information readable and processable by machines. For this purpose, there is a need for the Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipeline. Natural language analysis is a tool used by computers to grasp, perceive, and control human language. This paper discusses various techniques addressed by different researchers on NLP and compares their performance. The comparison among the reviewed researches illustrated that good accuracy levels haved been achieved. Adding to that, the researches that depended on the Sentiment Analysis and ontology methods achieved small prediction error.
The syntactic analysis or parsing or syntax analysis is the third stage of the NLP as a conclusion to use NLP technology. This step aims to accurately mean or, from the text, you may state a dictionary meaning. Syntax analysis analyzes the meaning of the text in comparison with the formal grammatical rules.
The Analysis for the Recovery Cases of COVID-19 in Egypt using Odd Generalized Exponential Lomax Distribution
Authors: Mohamed Hanem , Abo-Hussien Amina E. , Mousa Salwa A. , Ismail Magda M. 
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an odd generalized exponential Lomax (OGEL, in short) distribution has been considered. Some mathematical properties of the distribution are studied. The methods of maximum likelihood and maximum product of spacing are used for estimating the model parameters. Moreover, 95% asymptotic confidence intervals for the estimates of the parameters are derived. The Monte Carlo simulation is conducted for the two proposed methods of estimation to evaluate the performance of the various proposed estimators. The proposed methods are utilized to find estimates of the parameters of OGEL distribution for the daily recovery cases of COIVD-19 in Egypt from 12 May to 30 September 2020.The practical applications show that the proposed model provides better fits than the other models.
Mapping Perennial Crops in Africa: A Case Study of Oil Palm in Ghana
Authors: Elisha Njomaba , Ofori James Nana , Aikins Ben Emunah , Adzraku Gideon 
Published: June 2021

Forests in Sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing some of the highest rates of deforestation and degradation in the world, with most natural forest species being replaced by cropland and plantation monoculture. In this work, a method was developed that combined the Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sentinel-1) and optical satellite imagery (Sentinel-2) data to accurately map natural forest and perennial crops (oil palm) in Ghana. This was done using all three variables including spatial, spectral, and temporal variables to assess the most important variables in characterizing oil palm and natural forest, as well as the added value of sentinel-1 SAR data in a sentinel-2 optical-based classification. In this workflow, the Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was calculated as representing textural/spatial variables, a yearly median composite to represent the spectral variables, and raining and dry season composites of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) to represent the temporal variables for the Sentinel-2 data. In terms of the SAR data, rainy and dry season composites of NDVI and NDMI were calculated. With all these variables together, a characterization of the study area was conducted based on reference data of the land use land cover classes including oil palm, natural forests, and croplands (others) using Random Forest classifier. The variable importance of the Random Forest model was investigated to identify the top 10 most important variables. Results from this study showed that spectral variables followed by spatial variables are the most important and need to be considered when characterizing oil palm and natural forest, which is consistent with some pieces of literature. The use of sentinel-2 data achieved an acceptable classification accuracy (75%); whereas, sentinel-1 SAR further increased the accuracy (up to 85%) as compared to sentinel-2 only.
Prevalence of Needle Stick Injury among Surgeons
Authors: Iqbal Nasima , Quraishi Faiza , Bhatti Muhammad Aslam , Mughal Faizah , Mumtaz Tayyaba , Khan Muhammad Salman 
Published: June 2021

Aim: To find out the prevalence of needle stick injury, its reporting system and the reasons behind it.
Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional
Place and duration of study: Study was conducted at Jinnah post-graduate medical center (JPMC) Karachi during the period of March to September 2019
Methodology: A self-designed, self-explanatory questionnaire was used, consisting of two parts, the first part was about demographic information while second part is for information related to needle stick injury like probable cause, frequency, response after injury, post-exposure prophylaxis and about reporting of the incident. Questionnaire was validated by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha which was 0.78. data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: Majority of the study participants were female (67.2%) and about 50% were postgraduate students. Out of total 134 doctors about 64.2% of the doctors had needle stick injury during their career. Finding out the most probable cause of needle stick injury during the survey it was found out that increased work load and prolonged working hours were the main reasons. Majority of the cases occurred in emergency department (41.9%). About 95.5% of the doctors didn’t get any post-exposure prophylaxis. Majority of the participants (96.3%) did not report to any authority because of the lack of knowledge about the reporting policy, it was noted that about 38.8% were confused either the reporting system exist or not. Most of the injuries occur during the procedure of suturing followed by recapping syringes.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that majority of the doctors had faced needle stick injury during their career and a very negligible number of them got any post-exposure prophylaxis. Majority of them did not report to any authority. So there is a need of implication of safety measures and reporting policies for early detection and treatment of infections after needle stick injury.