bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human epididymis protein 4 and Lewis y enhance chemotherapeutic resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer through the p38MAPK pathway
Authors: Gao Jian , Zhu Liancheng , Zhuang Huiyu , Gao Song , Lin Bei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate due to difficulties in early detection and chemotherapy resistance. Human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) has been adopted as a novel serum biomarker for early ovarian cancer diagnosis, we have previously detected the presence of Lewis y antigen modifications on HE4 in ovarian cancer cell lines. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression of HE4 and Lewis y antigen in human ovarian cancer in order to analyze their correlation with each other, as well as with the clinical pathological parameters of ovarian cancer patients.
Methods

We first used immunohistochemistry to detect the respective expressions of these compounds in two patient groups (chemotherapy-resistant and -sensitive) containing a total of 95 patients. Then, we adopted a bioinformatic approach and used online large-sample databases (TCGA, CCLE and GTEx; Metascape, Cytoscape) to explore the potential mechanisms of action of these compounds.
Results

Our results demonstrate that high HE4 and Lewis y expressions could be used as markers for chemotherapy-resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. These two expressions were widely correlated in various cancer tissues and are thought to act by activating the p38 MAPK pathway and inducing VEGFA, PTGS2,EGR1,andHIFI1A, thereby promoting malignant biological behavior and resistance in ovarian cancer.
Conclusions

This finding not only reveals the possible mechanism by which HE4 and Lewis y antigen affect ovarian cancer, but also identifies a four-gene signature that could be very useful in ovarian cancer detection and/or the development of new targeted therapies.
A high serum phosphate and calcium-phosphate product is associated with cerebral small vascular disease in patients with stroke; a real world study.
Authors: Lv Wenjing , Wang Zixuan , Jiang Junqi , Deng BinBin , Lin Qingxia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a slowly progress disease, often accompanied by stroke, and result in dementia, depression, cognitive impairment, etc. It had already known that calcium and phosphorus metabolism (CPM) disorders were associated with vascular related adverse events. Serum Ca, P, Ca×P are the most commonly used indicators of CPM in clinical. The risk factors of CSVD and the relationship of serum Ca, P, Ca×P and CSVD in stroke patients who do not have CPM disorders are still obscure. We enrolled 488 CSVD patients in a cohort from a consecutive hospital-based stroke registry, and further sub-grouped them into lacunes, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and matched them to 140 stroke patients without CSVD as controls. CSVD patients had higher levels of serum Ca, P, Ca×P. We developed 2 predictive models and nomograms (incorporating age, hypertension, P or Ca×P, respectively) for CSVD patients. The prediction and calibration power were good. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.855, 0.851, respectively. P value of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit (H-L) test was 0.689, 0.698, respectively. P and Ca×P were positive correlated with CSVD, with OR 3720.401 (646.665-21404.249), 1.294 (1.222-1.370), respectively. We further validated the models in lacunes, WMHs, and CMBs, and found models were still valid in these 3 subtypes. In summary, a high serum P or Ca×P are associated with an increased risk of CSVD in stroke patients who without CPM disorders.
Listening to Bluetooth Beacons for Epidemic Risk Mitigation
Authors: Barthe Gilles , De Viti Roberta , Druschel Peter , Garg Deepak , Rodriguez Manuel Gomez , Ingo Pierfrancesco , Kremer Heiner , Lentz Matthew , Lorch Lars , Mehta Aastha , Schoelkopf Bernhard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there have been burgeoning efforts to develop and deploy smartphone apps to expedite contact tracing and risk notification. Unfortunately, the success of these apps has been limited, partly owing to poor interoperability with manual contact tracing, low adoption rates, and a societally sensitive trade-off between utility and privacy. In this work, we introduce a new privacy-preserving and inclusive system for epidemic risk assessment and notification that aims to address the above limitations. Rather than capturing pairwise encounters between smartphones as done by existing apps, our system captures encounters between inexpensive, zero-maintenance, small devices carried by users, and beacons placed in strategic locations where infection clusters are most likely to originate. Epidemiological simulations using an agent-based model demonstrate several beneficial properties of our system. By achieving bidirectional interoperability with manual contact tracing, our system can help control disease spread already at low adoption. By utilizing the location and environmental information provided by the beacons, our system can provide significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than existing app-based systems. In addition, our simulations also suggest that it is sufficient to deploy beacons in a small fraction of strategic locations for our system to achieve high utility.
Hip Arthroplasty in Two Patients With Congenital Pubic Diastasis and Severe Dysplastic Hips
Authors: Götze Christian , Peterlein Christian-Dominik 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Congenital pubic diastasis in combination with a dysplastic situation of the hip is a rather rare malformation. Two cases of young female patients prompted us to report the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to secondary osteoarthritis. Our treatment strategy and short- as well in one case long-term results are described in regard to the rather rare literature. Methods: We describe a case of a 39 -year-old female patient with a pubic diastase and severe hip dysplasia on both sides treated with a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). High overweight of more than 275 pounds, diabetes mellitus and multiple prior operation aggravate the operative procedure. Main problem based on the fixation strategy of the cup in this retroverted acetabulum presented in CT-analysis with elevated rotation center due to the dysplastic situation. In the other case a 52-year old female lady presented dysplastic osteoarthritis of the left hip. Results: In the first case both hips were treated with a cementless osteoconductive cup (TM, Zimmer-Biomet) and a cementless stem (Alloclassic SL, Zimmer-Biomet). A 10° elevated rim liner of the cup was used in order to avoid dislocation. Both hips were 9 and 8.5 years postoperative radiologically still in place without any signs of loosening. There was an improvement of quality of life documentated with an amelioration of the Harris Hip Score from preoperative 14 points to 68 points. In the second case a conventional hemispherical cup (Alloclassic-Allofit, Zimmer-Biomet) was placed in the retroverted acetabulum combined with a cementless stem (Fitmore A, Zimmer-Biomet) attached at the metaphseal proximal femur bone. 6 months postoperative, the patient was free of symptoms with an increased quality of life. Conclusion: Sufficient long-term results highlight the possiblity of total hip arthroplasty of patients with osteoarthritis even in congenital pubic diastasis. Retroversion of the dysplastic acetabulum, rotation of the posterior part of the pelvis and instability of the pelvic ring in these circumstances might be the most feared aspects in the treatment of these rare cases.
Axillary Paget Disease with a Visible Satellite: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ji Wuyang , Luo Bin , Wang Xue-Wei , Xiao Ying , Tian Jin-Yi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background : Extramammary Paget disease is an uncommon malignancy affecting apocrine gland–bearing skin, such as vulvar, perianal, axillary and penoscrotal areas. Paget cells are sometimes detected outside the clinical border in a phenomenon called subclinical extension. Satellite is one of the patterns of subclinical extension which is likely to be invisible. The standard management strategy for EMPD without distant metastasis is a complete surgical removal, sometimes called wide local excision. However, there is no consensus regarding surgical margin width to decrease the high recurrence rate. Here we describe the first macroscopically visible satellite of axillary EMPD and wide local excision of both main lesion and the satellite lesion with only 0.5cm margin, succeeded by a short review of the literature. Case presentation: A 48-year-old female with a red macule in the right axilla was presented to our clinic. A well-demarcated 4 cm×3 cm erythematous plaque was observed in the right axilla, and a similar lesion measuring 0.5 cm×0.3 cm was found 3.5 cm away from the primary site. Breast and axillary node examination was unremarkable. Biopsy of the large plaque revealed Paget disease, then we performed a local extended excision of both lesions with a 0.5cm margin, all margins negative indicated, by frozen pathology. Pathology revealed the nature of the satellite beside the main lesion also as Paget disease. The patient is currently followed-up for 20 months and has shown no signs of recurrence, with normal shoulder motor function. Conclusion: We have report the first visible satellite of extramammary Paget disease, indicating the necessity of an extended local resection of both the main leision and the satellite lesion. Considering the anatomical structure of axillary Paget disease, a 0.5cm negative surgical margin indicated by frozen pathology might be sufficient to sustain the shoulder motor function.
In-Situ Science on Phobos with the Raman spectrometer for MMX (RAX): Preliminary Design and Feasibility of Raman Measurements
Authors: Cho Yuichiro , Böttger Ute , Rull Fernando , Hübers Heinz-Wilhelm , Belenguer Tomàs , Börner Anko , Buder Maximilian , Bunduki Yuri , Dietz Enrico , Hagelschuer Till , Kameda Shingo , Kopp Emanuel , Lieder Matthias , Lopez-Reyes Guillermo , Moral Andoni , Mori Shoki , Ogura Jo Akino , Paproth Carsten , Canora Carlos Perez , Pertenais Martin , Peter Gisbert , Prieto-Ballesteros Olga , Rockstein Steve , Rodd-Routley Selene , Rodriguez Pablo Perez , Ryan Conor , Santamaria Pilar , Säuberlich Thomas , Schrandt Friedrich , Schröder Susanne , Stangarone Claudia , Ulamec Stephan , Usui Tomohiro , Weber Iris , Westerdorff Karsten , Yumoto Koki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mineralogy is a key to understanding the origin of Phobos and its place in the context of the Solar System evolution. In-situ Raman spectroscopy on Phobos would be an important tool to achieve the science objectives of the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission and maximize the science merit of sample return by characterizing the mineral composition and heterogeneity of the surface of Phobos. Conducting in-situ Raman spectroscopy under the harsh environment of Phobos requires a very sensitive, compact, lightweight, and robust Raman instrument that can be carried by the very compact MMX rover. In this context, a Raman spectrometer for MMX (RAX) is currently under development by an international collaboration between teams from Japan, Germany, and Spain. To demonstrate the capability of a compact Raman system like RAX, we built an instrument that reproduces most of the optical performance of the flight model using commercial off-the-shelf parts. Using this performance model, we measured mineral samples relevant to Phobos and Mars, such as anhydrous silicates, carbonates, and hydrous minerals. Our measurements of these samples indicate that such minerals can be measured and identified with a RAX-like Raman spectrometer with sufficiently high accuracy. We demonstrated a spectral resolution of approximately 10 cm-1 and high sensitivity of the Raman peak measurements (e.g. signal-to-noise ratios up to several 100). These results strongly suggest that the RAX instrument will be capable of determining the minerals expected on the surface of Phobos, adding valuable information to address the question on the moon’s origin, heterogeneity, and circum-Mars material transport.
Laboratory Investigation of Coupled Electrical Interaction of Fracturing Rock with Gases
Authors: Enomoto Yuji , Yamabe Tsuneaki , Sugiura Shigeki , Kondo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created cracked surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stimulated, released into the crack due to the temperature rise at the crack tip via plastic work, and attached to ambient gas molecules to electrify them in a negative state. Using a working hypothesis that this mechanism is the source mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, we conducted laboratory experiments in which rocks were fractured with pressurized N2, CO2, CH4, and hot water vapour. Fractures were induced by a flat-ended indenter equipped with a flow channel, which was loaded against blocks of quartz diorite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Fracture-induced negatively electrified gas currents at ̴25 °C and ̴160 °C were successfully measured for approximately a hundred microseconds or more after full development of the crack. The peak electric currents were as high as 0.05–3 mA, depending on the rock species and interaction area of fractured rock and gas and to a lesser extent on the gas species and temperature. The peak current from fracturing granite, which showed higher g-ray activity, was at least 10 times higher than that from fracturing gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt. The results supported the validity of the present working hypothesis, that coupled interaction of fracturing rock with deep Earth gases during quasi-static rupture of rocks in the focal zone of a fault might play an important role in the generation of pre- and co-seismic electromagnetic phenomena.
Changes of Bile Acids and Energy Expenditure&nbsp;after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy&nbsp;in type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yin Haixin , Chen Weijie , Dong Liangbo , Zhou Shengnan , Qu Qiang , Zhang Ning , He Xiaodong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and aims: Our aims were to investigate changes of bile acids and resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and the role in metabolic homeostasis.Methods: From December 2019 to May 2020, a total of 77 T2DM patients with gallbladder polyps were included in our study. Among them, 40 patients who underwent LC were enrolled into cholecystectomy group, 37 patients who did not undergo LC were enrolled into control group. Preoperative and 6-months postoperative demographic data, body weight, food intake, effects on diabetes control, and biomedical variables were recorded and compared.Results: The mean level of total bile acids (TBA) was higher than that in control group (P=0.033) and increased significantly after LC compared to baseline (P=0.029). The resting energy expenditure (REE) level in cholecystectomy group was higher than that in control group (P=0.032) and increased compared to the baseline (P=0.011). The utilization of carbohydrate increased significantly after LC (P<0.001) while the utilization of fat decreased (P<0.001). The mean level of FPG (P=0.004), A1C (P<0.001) and HOMA-IR (P=0.045) decreased after LC, as defined, the total effectiveness rate was 45%. The mean level of total cholesterol (P=0.003) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased (P= 0.021), whereas the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (P<0.001). Conclusions: The level of REE and TBA increased after LC in patients with T2DM, the glucose and lipid metabolism improved.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900027823. Registered 30 November 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
SPO2/FiO2 as a predictor of high-flow nasal cannula outcomes in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Ga Eun , Choi Sun Ha , Park Mi Reu , Jung Jae Hwa , Lee Myeongjee , Kim Soo Yeon , Kim Min Jung , Kim Yoon Hee , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a useful treatment modality for respiratory distress in children, as it provides effective oxygenation and reduces the work required for breathing. This study aimed to determine whether the oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (S/F) is a better predictor of HFNC outcomes than the arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P/F) in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).Methods: This study included children treated with HFNC for AHRF between April 2013 and March 2019 at the Severance Children’s Hospital in Korea. HFNC failure was defined as the need for mechanical ventilation due to worsening respiratory distress, whereas HFNC success was defined as the improvement of respiratory distress. We analyzed trends in S/F and P/F during HFNC oxygen therapy. A nomogram was constructed based on predictive factors identified via univariate analysis, and was externally validated using independent data.Results: A total of 139 patients with arterial blood gas data were included in the S/F and P/F analysis. There was a good correlation between S/F and P/F (P<0.001). The S/F at HFNC initiation was <230 and showed a high prediction accuracy for HFNC failure (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.751). Univariate analyses identified S/F <230 at HFNC initiation, S/F <200 at 2 h (odds ratio, 12.83; 95% confidence interval, 5.06-35.84), and hemato-oncologic disease (odds ratio, 3.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-12.78) as significant predictive factors for HFNC failure. These factors were used to construct a nomogram, which was shown to be highly predictive of HFNC outcomes; the concordance index of the exploratory and validation groups were 0.765 and 0.831, respectively.Conclusions: S/F may be used as a predictor of HFNC outcomes. Our nomogram with S/F for HFNC failure within 2 h may be used to prevent delayed intubation in children with AHRF.
Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and clinical implications
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Ho James Chung-man , Tam Chi Chun Terence , Ip Sau Man Mary , Lam David Chi-Leung 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the commonest bacteria colonizing the airway in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is associated with poor outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis, including rapid decline in lung function, exacerbation frequency and hospitalization.Methods: A cross-sectional study in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong that included 350 Chinese patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis to investigate the risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and clinical implications on disease outcomes.Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization was more commonly found in patients with longer duration of bronchiectasis and those on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with adjusted ORs of 1.066 (95% CI = 1.036 – 1.096, p < 0.001) and 2.815 (95% CI = 1.307 – 6.064, p = 0.008) respectively. Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization have more extensive lung involvement and higher risks of exacerbation requiring hospitalization with adjusted ORs of 2.445 (95% CI = 1.283 – 4.657, p = 0.007) and 2.745 (95% CI = 1.012 – 7.449, p = 0.047) respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is more common among patients with longer duration of bronchiectasis and those on PPI. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is associated with more extensive lung involvement and higher risks of exacerbation requiring hospitalization.
Reconfigurable magnonic mode-hybridisation and spectral control in a bicomponent artificial spin ice
Authors: Gartside Jack , Vanstone Alex , Dion Troy , Stenning Kilian , Arroo Daan , Kurebayashi Hidekazu , Branford Will 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Strongly-interacting nanomagnetic arrays are finding increasing use as model host systems for reconfigurable magnonics. The strong inter-element coupling allows for stark spectral differences across a broad microstate space due to shifts in the dipolar field landscape. While these systems have yielded impressive initial results, developing rapid, scaleable means to access abroad range of spectrally-distinct microstates is an open research problem.We present a scheme whereby square artificial spin ice is modified by widening a ‘staircase’ subset of bars relative to the rest of the array, allowing preparation of any ordered vertex state via simple global-field protocols. Available microstates range from the system ground-state to high-energy ‘monopole’ states, with rich and distinct microstate-specific magnon spectra observed. Microstate-dependent mode-hybridisation and anticrossings are observed at both remanence and in-field with dynamic coupling strength tunable via microstate-selection. Experimental coupling strengths are found up to g/2π = 0.15 GHz. Microstate control allows fine mode-frequency shifting, gap creation and closing, and active mode number selection
Hierarchical Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Using Clinical Information for Microbial Communities.
Authors: Abe Ko , Hirayama Masaaki , Ohno Kinji , Shimamura Teppei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The human microbiome forms very complex communities that consist of hundreds to thousands of different microorganisms that not only affect the host, but also participate in disease processes. Several state-of-the-art methods have been proposed for learning the structure of microbial communities and to investigate the relationship between microorganisms and host environmental factors. However, these methods were mainly designed to model and analyze single microbial communities that do not interact with or depend on other communities. Such methods therefore cannot comprehend the properties between interdependent systems in communities that affect host behavior and disease processes. Results: We introduce a novel hierarchical Bayesian framework, called BALSAMICO (BAyesian Latent Semantic Analysis of MIcrobial COmmunities), which uses microbial metagenome data to discover the underlying microbial community structures and the associations between microbiota and their environmental factors. BALSAMICO models mixtures of communities in the framework of nonnegative matrix factorization, taking into account environmental factors. This method first proposes an efficient procedure for estimating parameters. A simulation then evaluates the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Finally, the method is used to analyze clinical data. In this analysis, we successfully detected bacteria related to colorectal cancer. These results show that the method not only accurately estimates the parameters needed to analyze the connections between communities of microbiota and their environments, but also allows for the effective detection of these communities in real-world circumstances.