bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Energy Storage Potential of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs Using Numerical Simulation of Cyclic Gas Injection
Authors: Augustine Chad , Johnston Henry , Young David L. , Amini Kaveh , Uzun Ilkay , Kazemi Hossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) stores energy as compressed air in underground formations, typically salt dome caverns. When electricity demand grows, the compressed air is released through a turbine to produce electricity. CAES in the US is limited to one plant built in 1991, due in part to the inherent risk and uncertainty of developing subsurface storage reservoirs. As an alternative to CAES, we propose using some of the hundreds of thousands of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells to store energy as compressed natural gas in unconventional shale reservoirs. To store energy, produced or “sales” natural gas is injected back into the formation using excess electricity and is later produced through an expander to generate electricity. To evaluate this concept, we performed numerical simulations of cyclic natural gas injection into unconventional shale reservoirs using cmg-gem commercial reservoir modeling software. We tested short-term (diurnal) and long-term (seasonal) energy storage potential by modeling well injection and production gas flowrates as a function of bottom-hole pressure. First, we developed a conceptual model of a single fracture stage in an unconventional shale reservoir to characterize reservoir behavior during cyclic injection and production. Next, we modeled cyclic injection in the Marcellus shale gas play using published data. Results indicate that Marcellus unconventional shale reservoirs could support both short- and long-term energy storage at capacities of 100–1000 kWe per well. The results indicate that energy storage in unconventional shale gas wells may be feasible and warrants further investigation.
An Affordable Linkage-and-Tendon Hybrid-Driven Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand—MCR-Hand II
Authors: Yang Haosen , Wei Guowu , Ren Lei , Qian Zhihui , Wang Kunyang , Xiu Haohua , Liang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the design, analysis, and development of an anthropomorphic robotic hand coined MCR-hand II. This hand takes the advantages of both the tendon-driven and linkage-driven systems, leading to a compact mechanical structure that aims to imitate the mobility of a human hand. Based on the investigation of the human hand anatomical structure and the related existing robotic hands, mechanical design of the MCR-hand II is presented. Then, using D-H convention, kinematics of this hand is formulated and illustrated with numerical simulations. Furthermore, fingertip force is deduced and analyzed, and mechatronic system integration and control strategy are addressed. Subsequently, a prototype of the proposed robotic hand is developed, integrated with low-level control system, and following which empirical study is carried out, which demonstrates that the proposed hand is capable of implementing the grasp and manipulation of most of the objects used in daily life. In addition, the three widely used tools, i.e., the Kapandji score test, Cutkosky taxonomy, and Kamakura taxonomy, are used to evaluate the performance of the hand, which evidences that the MCR-hand II possesses high dexterity and excellent grasping capability; object manipulation performance is also demonstrated. This paper hence presents the design and development of a type of novel tendon–linkage-integrated anthropomorphic robotic hand, laying broader background for the development of low-cost robotic hands for both industrial and prosthetic use.
Thermal Energy Discharging Performance of Metal Foam/Paraffin Composite Phase Change Material at Pore Scale
Authors: Yao Yuanpeng , Wu Huiying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research, thermal energy discharging performance of metal foam/paraffin composite phase change material (MFPC) is investigated at pore scale through direct simulation. A thermal transport model is first developed for heat discharging of MFPC by incorporating the involved effects of solidification phase transition, foam structure, and paraffin volume shrinkage. With this model, the detailed phase interface evolutions, temperature fields, and heat flux distributions of MFPC are numerically obtained and analyzed. It is found that once phase change heat discharging of MFPC begins, the solidification front of paraffin quickly forms and extends along the foam skeleton, which results in remarkably extended thermal transport interface to release latent heat as well as improved spatial synergy in phase change. The effect of local thermal nonequilibrium between porous metal foam and paraffin proves to be intrinsic and significant, providing an efficient inner driving force for enhancing latent heat discharging within MFPC. The overall energy discharging performance of MFPC unit is remarkably improved as compared with pure paraffin unit, evidenced by a large enhancement in latent heat release rate (more than three times) with only small reduction (2.6%) in heat capacity. Simultaneously, it is found that the paraffin-air interface for MFPC unit descends much faster than that for pure paraffin unit due to accelerated volume shrinkage of solidified paraffin within metal foam, resulting in a threefold enhancement in thermally driven dynamic response rate. This study can help more deeply understanding the energy discharging performance of MFPC and providing fundamental guidance for its application in miniaturized thermal systems.
Surface slip distributions and geometric complexity of intraplate reverse-faulting earthquakes
Authors: Yang Haibin , Quigley Mark , King Tamarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEarthquake ground surface ruptures provide insights into faulting mechanics and inform seismic hazard analyses. We analyze surface ruptures for 11 historical (1968–2018) moment magnitude (Mw) 4.7–6.6 reverse earthquakes in Australia using statistical techniques and compare their characteristics with magnetic, gravity, and stress trajectory data sets. Of the total combined (summative) length of all surface ruptures (∼148 km), 133 km (90%) to 145 km (98%) align with the geophysical structure in the host basement rocks. Surface rupture length (SRL), maximum displacement (MD), and probability of surface rupture at a specified Mw are high compared with equivalent Mw earthquakes globally. This is attributed to (1) a steep cratonic crustal strength gradient at shallow depths, promoting shallow hypocenters (∼1–6 km) and limiting downdip rupture widths (∼1–8.5 km), and (2) favorably aligned crustal anisotropies (e.g., bedrock foliations, faults, fault intersections) that enhanced lateral rupture propagation and/or surface displacements. Combined (modeled and observed) MDs are in the middle third of the SRL with 68% probability and either the ≤33rd or ≥66th percentiles of SRL with 16% probability. MD occurs proximate to or directly within zones of enhanced fault geometric complexity (as evidenced from surface ruptures) in 8 of 11 earthquakes (73%). MD is approximated by 3.3 ± 1.6 (1σ) × AD (average displacement). S-transform analyses indicates that high-frequency slip maxima also coincide with fault geometric complexities, consistent with stress amplifications and enhanced slip variability due to geometric and kinematic interactions with neighboring faults. Rupture slip taper angles exhibit large variations (−90% to +380% with respect to the mean value) toward rupture termini and are steepest where ruptures terminate at obliquely oriented magnetic lineaments and/or lithology changes. Incremental slip approximates AD between the 10th and 90th percentiles of the SRL. The average static stress drop of the studied earthquakes is 4.8 ± 2.8 MPa. A surface rupture classification scheme for cratonic stable regions is presented to describe the prevailing characteristics of intraplate earthquakes across diverse crustal structural-geophysical settings. New scaling relationships and suggestions for logic tree weights are provided to enhance probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses for bedrock-dominated intraplate continental regions.
Quasi-geodesics in relativistic gravity
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Vachon Geneviève 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA four-force parallel to the trajectory of a massive particle can always be eliminated by going to an affine parametrization, but the affine parameter is different from the proper time. The main application is to cosmology, in which elements of the cosmic fluid are subject to a pressure gradient parallel to their four-velocities. Natural implementations of parallel four-forces occur when the particle mass changes, in scalar–tensor cosmology, and in cosmic antifriction due to particle production.
Deciphering the recently discovered tetraquark candidates around 6.9 GeV
Authors: Sonnenschein Jacob , Weissman Dorin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently a novel hadronic state of mass 6.9 GeV, that decays mainly to a pair of charmonia, was observed in LHCb. The data also reveals a broader structure centered around 6490 MeV and suggests another unconfirmed resonance centered at around 7240 MeV, very near to the threshold of two doubly charmed $$\Xi _{cc}$$

Ξ

cc

baryons. We argue in this note that these exotic hadrons are genuine tetraquarks and not molecules of charmonia. It is conjectured that they are V-baryonium , namely, have an inner structure of a baryonic vertex with a cc diquark attached to it, which is connected by a string to an anti-baryonic vertex with a $${\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$

c

¯

c

¯

anti-diquark. We examine these states as the analogs of the V-baryonium states $$\Psi (4360)$$

Ψ
(
4360
)

and Y(4630)/$$\Psi (4660)$$

Ψ
(
4660
)

which are charmonium-like tetraquarks. One way to test these claims is by searching for a significant decay of the state at 7.2 GeV into $$\Xi _{cc}{\overline{\Xi }}_{cc}$$

Ξ

cc

Ξ
¯

cc

. Such a decay would be the analog of the decay of the state Y(4630) into to $$\Lambda _c{\overline{\Lambda }}_c$$

Λ
c

Λ
¯

c

. We further argue that there should be trajectories of both orbital and radial excited states of the X(6900). We predict their masses. It is possible that a few of these states have already been seen by LHCb.
Thermodynamical phases in a PNJL model at zero temperature
Authors: Mattos O. A. , Frederico T. , Lourenço O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe confinement/deconfinement transition described the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (PNJL) model is extended to be operative at zero temperature regime. In this study, the scalar and vector channel interaction strengths of the original PNJL model are modified by introducing a dependence on the traced Polyakov loop. In such a way the effective interactions depend on the quark phase and in turn provides a backreaction of the quarks to the gluonic sector, also at zero temperature. On general grounds from quantum chromodynamics this is an expected feature. The thermodynamics of the extended model (PNJL0) is studied in detail. It presents along with a suitable choice of the Polyakov potential, a first order confined/deconfined quark phase transition even at $$T=0$$

T
=
0

. We also show that the vector channel plays an important role in order to allow $$\varPhi \ne 0$$

Φ
≠
0

solutions for the PNJL0 model. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the combined quarkyonic and deconfinement phases to the vector interaction strength and the proposed parametrization of the Polyakov-loop potential at $$T=0$$

T
=
0

allowed to set a window for the bulk values of the relevant parameters.
Clinical Proteomics of Metastatic Melanoma Reveals Profiles of Organ Specificity and Treatment Resistance
Authors: Beck Lir , Harel Michal , Yu Shun , Markovits Ettai , Boursi Ben , Markel Gal , Geiger Tamar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Treatment of metastatic melanoma has dramatically improved in recent years, thanks to the development of immunotherapy and BRAF-MEK–targeted therapies. However, these developments revealed marked heterogeneity in patient response, which is yet to be fully understood. In this work, we aimed to associate the proteomic profiles of metastatic melanoma with the patient clinical information, to identify protein correlates with metastatic location and prior treatments.

Experimental Design:
We performed mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis of 185 metastatic melanoma samples and followed with bioinformatics analysis to examine the association of metastatic location, BRAF status, survival, and immunotherapy response with the tumor molecular profiles.

Results:
Bioinformatics analysis showed a high degree of functional heterogeneity associated with the site of metastasis. Lung metastases presented higher immune-related proteins, and higher mitochondrial-related processes, which were shown previously to be associated with better immunotherapy response. In agreement, epidemiological analysis of data from the National Cancer Database showed improved response to anti-programmed death 1, mainly in patients with lung metastasis. Focus on lung metastases revealed prognostic and molecular heterogeneity and highlighted potential tissue-specific biomarkers. Analysis of the BRAF mutation status and prior treatments with MAPK inhibitors proposed the molecular basis of the effect on immunotherapy response and suggested coordinated combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy may increase treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:
Altogether, the proteomic data provided novel molecular determinants of critical clinical features, including the effects of sequential treatments and metastatic locations. These results can be the basis for development of site-specific treatments toward treatment personalization.
Death and Myocardial Infarction Following Initial Revascularization Versus Optimal Medical Therapy in Chronic Coronary Syndromes With Myocardial Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Contemporary Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Soares Andrea , Boden William E. , Hueb Whady , Brooks Maria M. , Vlachos Helen E. A. , O’Fee Kevin , Hardi Angela , Brown David L. 
Published: January 2021

Background
In chronic coronary syndromes, myocardial ischemia is associated with a greater risk of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to compare the effect of initial revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) plus optimal medical therapy (OMT) with OMT alone in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and myocardial ischemia on long‐term death and nonfatal MI.

Methods and Results

Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of PCI or CABG plus OMT versus OMT alone for patients with chronic coronary syndromes. Studies were screened and data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Random‐effects models were used to generate pooled treatment effects. The search yielded 7 randomized controlled trials that randomized 10 797 patients. Median follow‐up was 5 years. Death occurred in 640 of the 5413 patients (11.8%) randomized to revascularization and in 647 of the 5384 patients (12%) randomized to OMT (odds ratio [OR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.86–1.09;
P
=0.60). Nonfatal MI was reported in 554 of 5413 patients (10.2%) in the revascularization arms compared with 627 of 5384 patients (11.6%) in the OMT arms (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57–0.99;
P
=0.04). In subgroup analysis, nonfatal MI was significantly reduced by CABG (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21–0.59;
P
<0.001) but was not reduced by PCI (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75–1.13;
P
=0.43) (
P
‐interaction <0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with chronic coronary syndromes and myocardial ischemia, initial revascularization with PCI or CABG plus OMT did not reduce long‐term mortality compared with OMT alone. CABG plus OMT reduced nonfatal MI compared with OMT alone, whereas PCI did not.
Genetically Determined Smoking Behavior and Risk of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Acosta Julián N. , Szejko Natalia , Both Cameron P. , Vanent Kevin , Noche Rommell B. , Gill Thomas M. , Matouk Charles C. , Sheth Kevin N. , Gunel Murat , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:
Animal and observational studies indicate that smoking is a risk factor for aneurysm formation and rupture, leading to nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, a definitive causal relationship between smoking and the risk of SAH has not been established. Using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, we tested the hypothesis that smoking is causally linked to the risk of SAH.

Methods:

We conducted a 1-sample MR study using data from the UK Biobank, a large cohort study that enrolled over 500 000 Britons aged 40 to 69 from 2006 to 2010. Participants of European descent were included. SAH cases were ascertained using a combination of self-reported, electronic medical record, and death registry data. As the instrument, we built a polygenic risk score using independent genetic variants known to associate (
P
<5
×10
−
8
) with smoking behavior. This polygenic risk score represents the genetic susceptibility to smoking initiation. The primary MR analysis utilized the ratio method. Secondary MR analyses included the inverse variance weighted and weighted median methods.

Results:

A total of 408 609 study participants were evaluated (mean age, 57 [SD 8], female sex, 220 937 [54%]). Among these, 132 566 (32%) ever smoked regularly, and 904 (0.22%) had a SAH. Each additional SD of the smoking polygenic risk score was associated with 21% increased risk of smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.20–1.21];
P
<0.001) and a 10% increased risk of SAH (OR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.17];
P
=0.006). In the primary MR analysis, genetic susceptibility to smoking was associated with a 63% increase in the risk of SAH (OR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.15–2.31];
P
=0.006). Secondary analyses using the inverse variance weighted method (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.13–2.17];
P
=0.007) and the weighted median method (OR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.06–2.86];
P
=0.03) yielded similar results. There was no significant pleiotropy (MR-Egger intercept
P
=0.39; MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier global test
P
=0.69).

Conclusions:
These findings provide evidence for a causal link between smoking and the risk of SAH.
Figuring Out
Authors: Danna Raffaele 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper focusses on the spread of Hindu-Arabic arithmetic among European practitioners. The analysis is based on an original database recording detailed information on over 1200 practical arithmetic manuals, both manuscript and printed. This database provides the most detailed reconstruction available of the European tradition of practical arithmetic from the late 13th to the end of the 16th century. The paper argues that studying this spread makes it possible to open a perspective on a progressive transmission of ‘useful knowledge’ from the ‘commercial revolution’ to the ‘little divergence’. Focussing on the transmission of practical arithmetic allows to stress the role of skills and human capital in pre-modern European economic development. Moreover, it allows to reconstruct a progressive transmission, from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, of a ‘practical knowledge’ which eventually contributed to major developments in European ‘theoretical knowledge’.
Introductory Comments
Authors: Sujecka Jolanta 
Published: January 2021

Introductory CommentsThe ninth issue of Colloquia Humanistica (2020) contains a thematic section entitled Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples: Encounters Across Europe, but in fact the whole issue is devoted to Jewish topics.In the Materials, Sources, Archives section, this time we present four papers which deal with relevant religious texts, literature, biography and, finally, historical documents. In the Discussion. Presentations. Book Reviews segment we offer readers two reviews of interesting books, and also one paper which, through the scholar’s personal biography, reflects on how snippets of the Jewish past tend to linger on in the form of absent presences. Uwagi wstępneDziewiąty numer „Colloquia Humanistica” (2020) zawiera blok tematyczny zatytułowany: Sephardim, Ashkenazim and Non-Jewish Peoples. Encounters Across Europe, jakkolwiek cały rocznik jest poświęcony tematyce żydowskiej.W dziale Materials, Sources, Archives tym razem publikujemy cztery artykuły, które prezentują ważne teksty religijne, literackie, biograficzne, wreszcie dokumenty historyczne. W dziele Discussion. Presentations. Book Reviews oferujemy czytelnikom dwie recenzje interesujących monografii, a także artykuł, w którym poprzez refleksję zawartą w osobistej biografii badacza, autor zastanawia się, jak fragmenty żydowskiej przeszłości trwają w formie nieobecnej obecności.
The Jewish Identity of the “Unexpected Generation” in the Context of the Upbringing Model in a Mixed Family
Authors: Cukras-Stelągowska Joanna 
Published: January 2021

The Jewish Identity of the “Unexpected Generation” in the Context of the Upbringing Model in a Mixed FamilyThe goal of the article is to introduce one of the youngest Jewish generations in Poland, known as the “unexpected generation”, based on my own research and the findings of other researchers. At the same time, I consider the essence of upbringing in a mixed family and its consequences for the socio-cultural identity of this generation. I look at ways of constructing patterns of Jewish family life and possible forms and content of intergenerational family transmission. I also highlight challenges and potential threats faced by Jewish families living in Poland today. Consequently, I try to outline possible further research directions related to issues of cultural content transmission in a family and the transmission of Jewish religious and linguistic heritage. Tożsamość żydowska „nieoczekiwanego pokolenia” w kontekście modelu wychowania w rodzinie mieszanej W swoim artykule chciałabym przybliżyć jedno z najmłodszych pokoleń żydowskich w Polsce, zwane „nieoczekiwaną generacją”, na podstawie badań własnych oraz ustaleń innych badaczy. Jednocześnie uwzględniam istotę wychowania w rodzinie mieszanej i to, jakie niesie za sobą konsekwencje dla tożsamości społeczno-kulturowej tegoż pokolenia. Przyjrzę się sposobom konstruowania wzorów żydowskiego życia rodzinnego oraz możliwym formom i treściom rodzinnej transmisji międzypokoleniowej. Wskażę także na wyzwania i potencjalne zagrożenia, przed którymi stają dziś żydowskie rodziny mieszkające w Polsce. W efekcie postaram się wytyczyć możliwe dalsze kierunki badawcze podejmujące kwestie transmisji treści kulturowych w rodzinie, przekazu żydowskiego dziedzictwa religijnego i językowego.