bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatically reconfigurable optical data center network with dynamic bandwidth allocation
Authors: Xue Xuwei , Prifti Kristif , Pan Bitao , Chen Sai , Guo Xiaotao , Yan Fulong , Zhang Shaojuan , Wang Yu , Xie Chongjin , Calabretta Nicola 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rapid increasing traffic in data centers (DCs) puts tremendous pressure to the present multi-tier network architectures and electrical switching techniques. Switching traffic in the optical domain featuring ultra-high bandwidth, therefore, has been intensively investigated to build the high capacity data center networks (DCNs). To handle the variable traffic pattern in DCs, the network reconfigurability with adaptable optical bandwidth allocation is of key importance to flexibly assign the optical bandwidth. To this end, we propose and experimentally evaluate a software-defined networking enabled reconfigurable optical DCN with dynamic bandwidth allocation in this work, based on novel optical top of racks exploiting a wavelength selective switch. Experimental assessments show that the proposed solution can automatically reallocate the optical bandwidth in real-time to adapt the dynamic traffic pattern. Compared with the conventional optical DCN with static bandwidth provision, the end-to-end latency performance of the reconfigurable scheme with adaptable bandwidth allocation improves of 58.3% and the average packet loss decreases one order of magnitude. Moreover, the reconfigurable optical DCN features deterministic latency performance, with much lower time variations of packets delivery completion. Based on the experimental parameters, the simulation platform is also built to validate the good scalability of the proposed reconfigurable DCN. Numerical results illustrate the negligible performance degradation (11%) as the network scales from 2560 to 40 960 servers.
Daily Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Alcohol Use in At-Risk College Students
Authors: West Ashley B , Bomysoad Rachel N , Russell Michael A , Conroy David E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The college years present an opportunity to establish health behavior patterns that can track across adulthood. Health behaviors tend to cluster synergistically however, physical activity and alcohol have shown a positive association.

Purpose
This study applied a multi-method approach to estimate between- and within-person associations between daily physical activity, sedentary behavior and alcohol use among polysubstance-using college students.

Methods
Participants were screened for recent binge drinking and either tobacco or cannabis use. They wore an activPAL4 activity monitor and a Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor continuously in the field for 11 days, and completed daily online questionnaires at the beginning of each day to report previous day physical activity, sedentary behavior, and alcohol consumption.

Results
Participants (N = 58, Mage = 20.5 years, 59% women, 69% White) reported meeting national aerobic physical activity guidelines (75%) and drinking 2–4 times in the past month (72%). On days when participants reported an hour more than usual of daily sedentary behavior, they reported drinking for less time than usual (γ = −.06). On days when participants took 1,000 more steps than usual, the longest episode of continuous transdermal alcohol detection was shorter (γ = −.03).

Conclusions
Daily physical activity and sedentary behavior were negatively associated with time-based measures of alcohol use with the lowest risk on days characterized by both activity and sedentary behavior. Intensive longitudinal monitoring of time-based processes can provide new insights into risk in multiple behavior change and should be prioritized for future work.
Longitudinal Pathways to Influenza Vaccination Vary With Socio-Structural Disadvantages
Authors: Fayaz Farkhad Bita , Karan Alexander , Albarracín Dolores 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Although influenza vaccination can prevent influenza-related deaths, uptake remains low, particularly in disadvantaged populations.

Purpose
A theoretical model of psychological pathways to vaccination accounting for the direct and moderating role of socio-structural factors was tested. The study sought to understand the joint contributions of psychological (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, and intention) and socio-structural factors (i.e., income, education, and insurance) to influenza vaccination, prospectively.

Methods
A nationally representative empaneled sample of over 3,000 U.S. adults answered questions about vaccination knowledge, attitudes, and intentions, as well as actual vaccination across five timepoints from September 2018 to May 2019. Socio-structural factors were examined as moderators.

Results
Findings revealed strong positive associations between knowledge and attitudes, attitudes and intentions, as well as intentions and subsequent vaccination. Importantly, health insurance moderated the associations between attitudes and intentions and between intentions and vaccination, such that those without insurance had weaker associations between attitudes and intentions and between intentions and vaccination. In addition, education moderated the path from knowledge to attitude and from intentions to vaccination, such that people with lower educational attainment had weaker associations between knowledge and attitudes and between intentions and vaccination.

Conclusions
Socio-structural factors act as barriers to the influence of knowledge on attitudes, attitudes on intentions, and intentions on behavior. Future research needs to be mindful of the specific paths disrupted by social disadvantages and examine ways to intervene to decrease those effects.
Gene flow, barriers, speciation and hybridization inParoliniaspecies (Brassicaceae) endemic to Gran Canaria
Authors: González-Pérez Miguel Ángel , Caujapé-Castells Juli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOceanic islands are natural laboratories where evolutionary processes can be studied more readily. In the present work we use nuclear microsatellites to quantitatively assess the roles of hybridization, colonization, gene flow and geographical barriers in four Parolinia spp. endemic to Gran Canaria in connection with known geological events throughout the dynamic geological ontogeny of the island. Our genetic analyses show that these Parolinia spp. share 69% of all alleles detected and display low genetic divergence among populations, suggesting a close genetic relationship and recent differentiation. This close relationship is more evident between Parolinia platypetala and Parolinia ornata, which were included in the same genetic pool in the STRUCTURE analysis, and probably represent the early stages of an incipient speciation process, as suggested by the absence of gene flow barriers between them. NEWHYBRIDS, STRUCTURE and MIGRATE analyses unequivocally suggest frequent past migration and hybridization from P. ornata to P. filifolia, but contemporary migration is low overall. Despite the overall genetic closeness among the Parolinia spp. assessed, microsatellites dispelled doubts regarding the appropriate name/s for two taxonomically conflicting populations. In line with the predictions of the surfing syngameon hypothesis, ancestral hybridization, vicariance and dispersal events linked to the complex ontogeny of the island may have been key factors to shape the current genetic diversity and structure of Parolinia in Gran Canaria.
Resting-State fMRI Functional Connectivity Strength Predicts Local Activity Change in the Dorsal Cingulate Cortex: A Multi-Target Focused rTMS Study
Authors: Feng Zi-Jian , Deng Xin-Ping , Zhao Na , Jin Jing , Yue Juan , Hu Yun-Song , Jing Ying , Wang Hong-Xiao , Knösche Thomas R , Zang Yu-Feng , Wang Jue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) studies suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate local activity in distant areas via functional connectivity (FC). A brain region has more than one connection with the superficial cortical areas. The current study proposed a multi-target focused rTMS protocol for indirectly stimulating a deep region, and to investigate 1) whether FC strength between stimulation targets (right middle frontal gyrus [rMFG] and right inferior parietal lobule [rIPL]) and effective region (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC]) can predict local activity changes of dACC and 2) whether multiple stimulation targets can focus on the dACC via FC. A total of 24 healthy participants received rTMS with two stimulation targets, both showing strong FC with the dACC. There were four rTMS conditions (&gt;1 week apart, 10 Hz, 1800 pulses for each): rMFG-target, rIPL-target, Double-targets (900 pulses for each target), and Sham. The results failed to validate the multi-target focused rTMS hypothesis. But rMFG-target significantly decreased the local activity in the dACC. In addition, stronger dACC-rMFG FC was associated with a greater local activity change in the dACC. Future studies should use stronger FC to focus stimulation effects on the deep region.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Activity is Associated with COVID-19 Severity Especially in Younger Patients
Authors: Ricciuto Amanda , Lamb Christopher A , Benchimol Eric I , Walker Gareth J , Kennedy Nicholas A , Kuenzig M Ellen , Kaplan Gilaad G , Kappelman Michael D , Ungaro Ryan C , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Brenner Erica J , Agrawal Manasi , Reinisch Walter , Griffiths Anne M , Sebastian Shaji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Age is a major prognostic factor for COVID-19 outcomes. The effect of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] activity on COVID-19 is unclear. We examined the relationship between IBD activity and COVID-19 severity according to age.

Methods
We included IBD patients diagnosed with COVID-19, reported to SECURE-IBD between March 13, 2020 and August 3, 2021. Clinical IBD activity was measured by physician global assessment [PGA]. COVID-19-related outcomes were [1] intensive care unit [ICU] admission, ventilation or death, and [2] hospitalization. Using generalized estimating equations, we determined adjusted odds ratios [aOR, 95% confidence interval] for moderate and severe PGA vs clinical remission/mild PGA, controlling for demographics, medications and COVID-19 diagnosis period. We performed stratified analyses by age [≤50 vs &gt;50 years].

Results
Among 6078 patients, adverse COVID-19 outcomes were more common with active IBD: ICU/ventilation/death in 3.6% [175/4898] of remission/mild, 4.9% [45/920] of moderate and 8.8% [23/260] of severe [p &lt; 0.001]; and hospitalization in 13% [649/4898] of remission/mild, 19% [178/920] of moderate and 38% [100/260] of severe [p &lt; 0.001]. Stratified by decade, effect sizes were larger for younger patients. In patients ≤50 years, severe PGA was independently associated with ICU/ventilation/death (aOR 3.27 [1.15–9.30]) and hospitalization (aOR 4.62 [2.83–7.55]). In contrast, severe PGA was not independently associated with COVID-19 outcomes in those older than 50 years.

Conclusions
Clinically active IBD may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19, particularly in younger patients. IBD disease control, including through medication compliance, and strategies to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection amongst patients with active IBD [e.g. distancing, immunization] are key to limit adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
Long-term outcomes in children undergoing vascular ring division: a multi-institution experience
Authors: Yu Di , Guo Zhangke , You Xin , Peng Wei , Qi Jirong , Sun Jian , Wu Kaihong , Li Xiaofeng , Mo Xuming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Vascular rings are rare anomalies of congenital heart disease that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. This study assessed the long-term outcomes of patients with vascular ring division.

METHODS
A multi-institution retrospective review of 371 patients with vascular rings undergoing surgical division at 3 paediatric cardiac institutions between November 2007 and October 2019 was performed.

RESULTS
The complete vascular rings consisted of a double aortic arch (24.5%), right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum (36.7%) and left aortic arch, with right ligamentum arteriosum (0.5%). The incomplete vascular rings consisted of a pulmonary artery sling (22.9%), left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery (15.1%) and innominate artery compression syndrome (0.3%). Respiratory symptoms included stridor (71.4%), wheezing (49.1%), coughing (31.5%), gastrointestinal symptoms included choking (12.4%), dysphagia (3.2%) and emesis (1.9%). Only one patient died after discharge, yielding a late mortality rate of 0.3% (1/360). The 10-year overall survival rate was 96.8%. Postoperative complications were reported in 51 patients, 15 of whom required reoperation. The 10-year freedom from reoperation rate was 95.9%. Follow-up was completed in 95.4% (354/371) of patients, with a mean follow-up time of 4.3 ± 2.9 years (range from 1 to 13 years). Twenty patients (5.6%) experienced residual symptoms during long-term follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The outcomes of vascular ring division are excellent. A Kommerell diverticulum &gt;1.5 times the aberrant left subclavian artery origin is an operative indication for primary resection. Tracheomalacia is a risk factor for reoperation and residual symptoms, and preoperative fibrobronchoscopy is important for evaluation.
Telehealth Use for Enhancing the Health of Rural Older Adults: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review
Authors: Rush Kathy L , Singh Sarah , Seaton Cherisse L , Burton Lindsay , Li Eric , Jones Charlotte , Davis Jennifer C , Hasan Khalad , Kern Brodie , Janke Robert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Telehealth holds potential for inclusive and cost-saving health care; however, a better understanding of the use and acceptance of telehealth for health promotion among rural older adults is needed. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence for telehealth use among rural-living older adults and to explore cost-effectiveness for health systems and patients.

Research Design and Methods
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study designs reporting health promotion telehealth interventions with rural-living adults aged 55 and older were eligible for review. Following screening and inclusion, articles were quality-rated and ranked by level of evidence. Data extraction was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model and organized into outcomes related to ease of use, usefulness, intention to use, and usage behavior along with cost-effectiveness.

Results
Of 2,247 articles screened, 42 were included. Positive findings for the usefulness of telehealth for promoting rural older adults’ health were reported in 37 studies. Evidence for ease of use and usage behavior was mixed. Five studies examined intention to continue to use telehealth and in 4 of these, patients preferred telehealth. Telehealth was cost-effective for health care delivery (as a process) compared to face to face. However, findings were mixed for cost-effectiveness with both reports of savings (e.g., reduced travel) and increased costs (e.g., insurance).

Discussion and Implications
Telehealth was useful for promoting health among rural-living older adults. Technological supports are needed to improve telehealth ease of use and adherence. Cost-effectiveness of telehealth needs more study, particularly targeting older adults.
Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Patients with IBD
Authors: Hudhud Dania , Caldera Freddy , Cross Raymond K 
Published: September 2021

Lay Summary
It is recommended that all patients with IBD undergo vaccination against COVID-19. In this commentary, we encourage IBD providers to serve as vaccine advocates and suggest implementing different methods for battling misinformation, paying careful attention to minority population.
Localized malignant mesothelioma in the stomach and mediastinum
Authors: Jeppesen Tanita Drejer , Højsgaard Anette , Kjær Daniel , Christensen Thomas Decker 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Localized malignant mesothelioma is rare. It has a histological pattern identical to diffuse malignant mesothelioma but without diffuse serosal spread. Localized malignant mesothelioma typically originates from the pleura, peritoneum or pericardium, but can occasionally develop from organs. Our cases represent what might be the largest mediastinal localized malignant mesothelioma described and the first presentation of the epithelioid type in the stomach of an adult.
Topological Entropy of Pseudo-Anosov Maps from a Typical Thurston’s Construction
Authors: Baik Hyungryul , Choi Inhyeok , Kim Dongryul M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a way to extract information about a random walk associated with a typical Thurston’s construction. We first observe that a typical Thurston’s construction entails a free group of rank 2. We also present a proof of the spectral theorem for random walks associated with Thurston’s construction that have finite 2nd moment with respect to the Teichmüller metric. Its general case was remarked by Dahmani and Horbez. Finally, under a hypothesis not involving moment conditions, we prove that random walks eventually become pseudo-Anosov. As an application, we first discuss a random analogy of Kojima and McShane’s estimation of the hyperbolic volume of a mapping torus with pseudo-Anosov monodromy. As another application, we discuss non-probabilistic estimations of stretch factors from Thurston’s construction and the powers for Salem numbers to become the stretch factors of pseudo-Anosovs from Thurston’s construction.
Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance-related gene,tet(Y), inAcinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Wang Zhiren , Li Henan , Zhang Jiangang , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Yawei , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize a novel plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance-related gene, tet(Y), in a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from China.MethodsThe tet(Y)-encoded tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii 2016GDAB1 was screened through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. The function of tet(Y) was verified by complementation of tet(Y). The plasmid transferability and stability were detected via plasmid conjugation and in vitro bacterial passaging. The 3D structure of Tet(Y) was predicted and docked using tFold and AutoDock Vina.ResultsThe tigecycline-resistant A. baumannii 2016GDAB1 was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, this strain did not harbour any common tigecycline resistance genes, determinants or mutations. 2016GDAB1 belongs to the non-epidemic clone ST355 (Oxford scheme), which has been mainly reported in animals. The tet(Y) gene was located on a 72 156 bp plasmid and genomic environment analysis revealed that Tn5393 may play a role in tet(Y) transmission, whereas phylogenetic analysis indicated the origin of tet(Y) as from Aeromonas. Overexpression of tet(Y) resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase in tigecycline MIC. Introduction of the tet(Y)-harbouring plasmid p2016GDAB1 via electroporation resulted in a 16-fold increase in tigecycline MIC but failed to transfer into the tigecycline-susceptible A. baumannii recipient via conjugation. Isolates carrying the tet(Y) gene were vulnerable to tigecycline pressure and exhibited decreased susceptibility to tigecycline. A tet(Y)-carrying plasmid was stably maintained in the host strains.ConclusionsThis study identified the tigecycline resistance-related gene tet(Y) in A. baumannii. This gene conferred an increased tigecycline MIC and the transposable element Tn5393 may play a role in its transmission across isolates.
Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs
Authors: Lee Jeong Jae , Kim Sheena , Cho Jin Ho , Kyoung Hyunjin , Lee Seonmin , Choe Jeehwan , Liu Yanhong , Ji Peng , Xiong Xia , Kim Younghoon , Kim Hyeun Bum , Song Minho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs (28 d old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight [BW]) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments with six pens and six pigs (three barrows and gilts) per pen within a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a formulated diet with 100% replacement of corn with ground brown rice for 35d (treatment diet: GBR). Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 wk after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P &lt; 0.05) serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with ground brown rice in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with ground brown rice in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, ground brown rice-based diet is a potential alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.
“Dando las Gracias a Mis Papás”: Analyzing the Enactment of Callings across Generations of Latinx Immigrants
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Virginia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Callings, a prominent way in which communication scholars have spoken about meaningful work, are often used to describe individual pulls towards an occupation. Calling research has also been criticized for lacking participants with diverse backgrounds and occupations. This study addressed these gaps by investigating how Latinx immigrants across two generations made sense of their work as callings. By interviewing Latinx immigrants (N = 36) this study revealed that first- and second-generation immigrants co-constructed integrated callings. Unlike individual callings, integrated callings are tied to a common understanding of how various journeys are connected. Within immigrant families, there was an understanding about the relationship between first-generation immigrants’ migration journeys and second-generation immigrants’ occupational journeys. Across the two generations, work was tied to educational, occupational, and non-occupational outcomes that served to improve the lives of immigrants. The proposed framework, integrated callings, is one that accounts for non-occupational outcomes and the experiences of diverse workers.