bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust optimization model for influence maximization in social networks with heterogeneous nodes
Authors: Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani Mehrdad , Ghesmati Reza , Pishvaee Mir Saman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInfluence maximization is the problem of trying to maximize the number of influenced nodes by selecting optimal seed nodes, given that influencing these nodes is costly. Due to the probabilistic nature of the problem, existing approaches deal with the concept of the expected number of nodes. In the current research, a scenario-based robust optimization approach is taken to finding the most influential nodes. The proposed robust optimization model maximizes the number of infected nodes in the last step of diffusion while minimizing the number of seed nodes. Nodes, however, are treated as heterogeneous with regard to their propensity to pass messages along; or as having varying activation thresholds. Experiments are performed on a real text-messaging social network. The model developed here significantly outperforms some of the well-known existing heuristic approaches which are proposed in previous works.
Influence of the topographic effect on the seismic response of buried pipelines
Authors: Elyasi Jahangir , Bastami Morteza , Kamalian Mohsen , Derakhshandi Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDetailed study of the response of pipelines during seismic excitation can help reduce physical and financial losses during and after an earthquake. The current research investigated the seismic behavior of pipelines passing through variations in topography using two-dimensional and three-dimensional modeling. Their behavior has been modeled at the crest and toe of a slope and during longitudinal passage through the topography. The effects of the soil stiffness, diameter-to-thickness ratio of the pipeline, height-to-half-width ratio (shape factor), and input wave characteristics on the performance of the pipeline have been investigated. The results indicate that topographic effects can increase the strain on pipelines and the factors studied are crucial to accommodating this potential hazard.
Postoperative changes in the pharyngeal airway space through computed tomography evaluation after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal class III patients: 1-year follow-up
Authors: Kang No Eul , Lee Dae Hun , In Seo Ja , Lee Jeong Keun , Song Seung Il 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the pharyngeal airway space changes up to 1 year after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy mandibular setback surgery and bimaxillary surgery with maxillary posterior impaction through three-dimensional computed tomography analysis.

Methods
A total of 37 patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy setback surgery only (group 1, n = 23) or bimaxillary surgery with posterior impaction (group 2, n = 14). Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken before surgery (T0), 2 months after surgery (T1), 6 months after surgery (T2), and 1 year after surgery (T3). The nasopharynx (Nph), oropharynx (Oph), hypopharynx (Hph) volume, and anteroposterior distance were measured through the InVivo Dental Application version 5.

Results
In group 1, Oph AP, Oph volume, Hph volume, and whole pharynx volume were significantly decreased after the surgery (T1) and maintained. In group 2, Oph volume and whole pharynx volume were decreased (T2) and relapsed at 1 year postoperatively (T3).

Conclusion
In class III malocclusion patients, mandibular setback surgery only showed a greater reduction in pharyngeal airway than bimaxillary surgery at 1 year postoperatively, and bimaxillary surgery was more stable in terms of airway. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the airway before surgery and include it in the surgical plan.
Vasospastic angina in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with nilotinib
Authors: Maruta Shunsuke , Usami Kyohei , Tajiri Kazuko , Otani Masafumi , Hiraya Daigo , Watabe Hiroaki , Hoshi Tomoya , Sato Akira , Ieda Masaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Nilotinib, a second-generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is highly effective in the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), despite being more vasculotoxic than older TKIs such as imatinib. Herein, we present a case of nilotinib-associated vasospastic angina confirmed by an acetylcholine spasm provocation test.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old CML patient treated with 300 mg nilotinib twice daily complained of several episodes of rest angina and was hospitalized at our institution. Coronary angiography revealed no severe organic stenosis, and the acetylcholine spasm provocation test confirmed the diagnosis of vasospastic angina. Although treatment with a calcium channel blocker and nicorandil reduced the frequency of chest pain, angina symptoms continued to occur. At 10 months post discharge, the patient complained of increased frequency of angina; therefore, the nilotinib dosage was reduced to 150 mg twice daily. Consequently, the patient reported a significant improvement in chest symptoms.

Conclusions
This case report highlights the potential vasculotoxic effects of nilotinib. Cardiologists and hematologists should be vigilant for coronary artery spasm as a possible vascular adverse event caused by nilotinib.
Expression of the Adipocyte Progenitor Markers MSCA1 and CD36 is Associated With Adipose Tissue Function in Children
Authors: Hanschkow Martha , Boulet Nathalie , Kempf Elena , Bouloumié Anne , Kiess Wieland , Stein Robert , Körner Antje , Landgraf Kathrin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
MSCA1 (mesenchymal stem cell antigen 1) and CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) have been described as novel adipocyte progenitor markers in adults with a potential relevance for obesity and adipocyte progenitor function.

Objective
With the early manifestation of obesity in children and formation of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, children provide the opportunity to characterize the function of MSCA1 and CD36 during physiological AT accumulation and with obesity and related disease.

Methods
We investigated MSCA1 and CD36 expression in adipocytes and stroma vascular fraction (SVF) cells from 133 children of the Leipzig AT Childhood cohort with regard to AT accumulation and biology. In a subsample we analyzed how MSCA1 and CD36 expression is related to adipose progenitor capacities in vitro (ie, proliferation, differentiation and mitochondrial function).

Results
Both MSCA1 and CD36 are differentially expressed in adipocytes and SVF cells of children. MSCA1 expression is positively correlated to obesity-associated AT dysfunction (ie, adipocyte hypertrophy and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and high SVF MSCA1 expression is associated with increased mitochondrial respiration in vitro. CD36 expression is not associated with AT dysfunction but SVF CD36 expression is downregulated in children with overweight and obesity and shows a positive association with the differentiation capacity of SVF cells ex vivo and in vitro.

Conclusion
Both MSCA1 and CD36 are associated with obesity-related alterations in AT of children. In particular, CD36 expression predicts adipogenic potential of SVF cells, indicating a potential role in the regulation of adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy with obesity development in children.
Causal Associations of Obesity With Chronic Kidney Disease and Arterial Stiffness: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ye Chaojie , Kong Lijie , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Yiping , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Xu Min , Wang Tiange 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Observational studies have been associated obesity with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and arterial stiffness, but the causality remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the causality of obesity with CKD and arterial stiffness using mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods
We genotyped 14 body mass index (BMI)-associated variants validated in East Asians in 11 384 Chinese adults. A genetic risk score based on the 14 variants and the 14 individual single-nucleotide variations (SNVs, formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) were respectively used as instrumental variables (IVs). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Arterial stiffness was defined as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity greater than 1550 cm/s.

Results
Using the genetic risk score as the IV, we demonstrated causal relations of each 1-SD increment in BMI with CKD (odds ratio [OR]: 2.36; 95% CI, 1.11-5.00) and arterial stiffness (OR: 1.71; 95% CI, 1.22-2.39). Using the 14 SNVs individually as IVs, each 1-SD increment in BMI was casually associated with CKD (OR: 2.58; 95% CI, 1.39-4.79) and arterial stiffness (OR: 1.87; 95% CI, 1.24-2.81) in the inverse-variance weighted analysis, and MR-Egger regression revealed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (both P for intercept ≥ .34). The causality between obesity and CKD was validated in 2-sample MR analysis among Europeans (681 275 of Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits and 133 413 of CKD Genetics).

Conclusion
This study provided novel insights into the causality of obesity with CKD and arterial stiffness, highlighting the importance of weight management for primary prevention and control of subclinical vascular diseases.
Acute Effects of an Inorganic Phosphorus Additive on Mineral Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Volk Christin , Schmidt Benjamin , Brandsch Corinna , Kurze Tabea , Schlegelmilch Ulf , Grosse Ivo , Ulrich Christof , Girndt Matthias , Stangl Gabriele I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largely unknown.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the acute effect of excessive dietary phosphorus administered as sodium dihydrogen phosphate on the postprandial levels of Pi and FGF23 and the response to food.

Methods
This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with 29 healthy male and female participants from the general community who were administered a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus (NaH2PO4) or a sodium-adjusted placebo in combination with a test meal. Postprandial plasma levels of Pi and FGF23 were measured.

Results
Compared with placebo, oral phosphorus increased the plasma Pi level, which remained elevated during the ensuing 8 hours (at 480 minutes: 1.31 vs 1.16 mmol/l; P &lt; 0.001), increased urinary Pi (iAUC0-480 789 vs 95 mmol/mmol; P &lt; 0.001), reduced tubular Pi reabsorption (iAUC0-480 −31.5 vs −6.2; P &lt; 0.001), decreased urinary calcium (iAUC0-240 30.6 vs 53.0 mmol/mmol; P = 0.009), and stimulated the release of parathyroid hormone (iAUC0-480 2212 vs 768 ng/l; P &lt; 0.001). However, the FGF23 levels did not change. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids were not substantially affected by phosphorus vs placebo.

Conclusion
An oral phosphorus load can induce elevated postprandial levels of circulating Pi for hours in healthy subjects, despite rapid homeostatic counterreactions. FGF23 levels and the postprandial response to food were not affected.
Development and characterization of an animal model of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in adolescent C57BL/6 mouse
Authors: Tripathi Aarti , Banerjee Arup , Vrati Sudhanshu 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
A mouse-adapted isolate of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), designated as JEV-S3, was generated by serially passaging the P20778 strain of the virus in 3- to 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Blood-brain barrier leakage was evident in JEV-S3-infected mice, in which viral antigens and RNA were consistently demonstrated in the brain, along with infiltration of activated immune cells, as evidenced by an increased CD45+CD11b+ cell population. Histopathology studies showed the presence of perivascular cuffing, haemorrhage and necrotic foci in the virus-infected brain, conforming to the pathological changes seen in the brain of JEV-infected patients. Mass spectrometry studies characterized the molecular events leading to brain inflammation in the infected mice. Notably, a significant induction of inflammatory cytokines, such as IFNγ, IL6, TNFα and TGFβ, was observed. Further, genome sequencing of the JEV-S3 isolate identified the mutations selected during the mouse passage of the virus. Overall, we present an in-depth characterization of a robust and reproducible mouse model of JEV infection. The JEV-S3 isolate will be a useful tool to screen antivirals and study virus pathogenesis in the adolescent mouse model.
Direct observation of aggregate-triggered selective autophagy in human cells
Authors: Janssen Anne F. J. , Korsten Giel , Nijenhuis Wilco , Katrukha Eugene A. , Kapitein Lukas C. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Degradation of aggregates by selective autophagy is important as damaged proteins may impose a threat to cellular homeostasis. Although the core components of the autophagy machinery are well characterized, the spatiotemporal regulation of many selective autophagy processes, including aggrephagy, remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, because most live-cell imaging studies have so far focused on starvation-induced autophagy, little is known about the dynamics of aggrephagy. Here, we describe the development and application of the mKeima-PIM assay, which enables live-cell observation of autophagic turnover and degradation of inducible protein aggregates in conjunction with key autophagy players. This allowed us to quantify the relative timing and duration of different steps of aggrephagy in human cells and revealed the short-lived nature of the autophagosome. The assay furthermore showed the spatial distribution of omegasome formation, highlighting that autophagy initiation is directly instructed by the cargo. Moreover, we found that nascent autophagosomes mostly remain immobile until acidification occurs. Thus, our assay provides new insights into the spatiotemporal regulation and dynamics of aggrephagy.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Syntheses and Room Temperature Phosphorescence Properties of Dibenzobenzodithiophenes and Dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Tsuboi Madoka , Nakamura Shotaro , Nandi Surajit , de Silva Piotr , Takeda Youhei , Miura Masahiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A new family of heavy-atom-free room-temperature phosphorescent compounds, dibenzobenzodithiophenes (DBDTs) have been synthesized and characterized. The afterglow of the regioisomeric compounds has been investigated in a polymer matrix. Furthermore, it has been revealed that much simpler dibenzothiophenes display room-temperature phosphorescence in a polymeric matrix.
Science of Electrode Processes in the 21st Century: Fundamental Understanding of Microscopic Mechanisms towards Advancing Electrochemical Technologies
Authors: Sakaushi Ken 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The science of electrode processes will be a key to provide the game-changing technology towards the ongoing challenges related to carbon neutrality, however further advancements of fundamental concepts and theories of electrode processes are indispensable for both solid-state and surface systems. This account summarizes several attempts to acquire further understanding of fundamental and microscopic aspects of these complicated electrode processes towards advancing electrochemical energy storage/conversion technologies.
Asymptomatic COVID-19 in the elderly: dementia and viral clearance as risk factors for disease progression.
Authors: Esteban Ignacio , Bergero Georgina , Alves Camila , Bronstein Micaela , Ziegler Valeria , Wood Cristian , Caballero Mauricio T. , Wappner Diego , Libster Romina , Perez Marc Gonzalo , Polack Fernando P. 
Published: August 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals ≥60 years old have the highest hospitalization rates and represent >80% fatalities. Within this population, those in long-term facilities represent >50% of the total COVID-19 related deaths per country. Among those without symptoms, the rate of pre-symptomatic illness is unclear, and potential predictors of progression for symptom development are unknown. Our objective was to delineate the natural evolution of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in elders and identify determinants of progression. Methods: We established a medical surveillance team monitoring 63 geriatric institutions. When an index COVID-19 case emerged, we tested all other eligible asymptomatic elders ≥75 or >60 years old with at least 1 comorbidity. SARS-CoV-2 infected elders were followed for 28 days. Disease was diagnosed when any COVID-19 manifestation occurred. SARS-CoV-2 load at enrollment, shedding on day 15, and antibody responses were also studied. Results: After 28 days of follow-up, 74/113(65%) SARS-CoV-2-infected elders remained asymptomatic. 21/39(54%) pre-symptomatic patients developed hypoxemia and ten pre-symptomatic patients died(median day 13.5,IQR 12). Dementia was the only clinical risk factor associated with disease(OR 2.41(95%CI=1.08, 5.39). In a multivariable logistic regression model, dementia remained as a risk factor for COVID-19 severe disease. Furthermore, dementia status showed a statistically significant different trend when assessing the cumulative probability of developing COVID-19 symptoms(log-rank p=0.027). On day 15, SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in 30% of the asymptomatic group while in 61% of the pre-symptomatic(p=0.012). No differences were observed among groups in RT-PCR mean cycle threshold at enrollment(p=0.391) and in the rates of antibody seropositivity(IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein). Conclusions: In summary, 2/3 of our cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected elders from vulnerable communities in Argentina remained asymptomatic after 28 days of follow-up with high mortality among those developing symptoms. Dementia and persistent SARS-CoV-2 shedding were associated with progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic infection.
Saving with Group or Individual Personal Pension Schemes: How Much Difference Does It Make?
Authors: Zalewska Anna (Ania) 
Published: August 2021

The quality of services provided by institutional investors has attracted considerable attention. This paper adds to the debate by showing that institutional differences in setting up defined contribution personal schemes have an economically and statistically significant impact on the returns. Using a sample of 10,326 UK defined contribution personal pension funds over July 1990–June 2019, I show that pension funds that have a third party involved in contract setting and subsequent oversight deliver 0.96%–1.67% higher gross returns and charge 0.7% lower fees than pension funds offered directly to the public without any well-informed third party involved. I also show that the introduction of additional governance bodies in 2015 resulted in a widening of the performance gap, which further supports the notion that investment governance has a material impact on fund performance. The results highlight the importance of investment oversight and call for more protection for individual investors. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
Prevalence and predictors of thyroid cancer among thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study of 1,000 patients
Authors: Elbalka SS , Metwally IH , Shetiwy M , Awny S , Hamdy O , Kotb SZ , Shoman AM , Shahda E , Elzahaby IA 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Thyroid cancer is increasing in incidence globally due either to early detection (overestimation) or true increment. A recent debate concerns multinodular goitre (MNG) or toxic goitres which have classically been considered at a lower risk for cancer. Methods In this study, we enrolled retrospectively all patients with nodular goitre treated at our tertiary hospital and analysed their data with the aim of detecting the rate of cancer among different types of nodular goitre. We also studied predictors of incidental malignancy among thyroidectomies. Results A predilection for solitary thyroid nodules (STNs) was found in women of younger age, with STNs tending to be larger in comparison with MNG in the same age group. However, both types of nodules were at equal risk of harbouring malignancy. Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and Bethesda scores were the only dependent predictors of malignancy within thyroid nodules. Conclusion The authors recommend management of both STNs and MNG using the same algorithm.
What is the current practice for managing patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia in vascular surgery services? A survey of UK vascular surgeons
Authors: Nickinson ATO , Birmpili P , Weale A , Chetter I , Boyle J , Loftus I , Davies RSM , Sayers RD 
Published: August 2021

Introduction The Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland (VSGBI) Peripheral Arterial Disease Quality Improvement Framework (PAD QIF) stipulates targets for managing patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI); however, it is unknown whether these are achievable. This survey aims to evaluate contemporary practice for managing CLTI in the UK. Methods A questionnaire was developed in conjunction with the VSGBI to survey the management of CLTI and canvass opinions on the PAD QIF. The survey was distributed to all consultant members of the VSGBI and through a targeted social media campaign. Results Forty-seven consultant vascular surgeons based at 36 arterial centres across the UK responded (response rate from arterial centres = 46%). Only 14.3% of centres provided outpatient consultation within the target of seven days from referral, with only one centre providing revascularisation within the target of seven days from consultation. For inpatient management, 31.6% provided surgical and 23.8% endovascular revascularisation within the target of three days from assessment. While 60% of participants believe the PAD QIF’s 5-day ‘admitted care’ pathway is achievable, only 28.6% thought the 14-day ‘non-admitted care’ pathway was feasible. Challenges to meeting these targets include the availability of theatre space and angiography lists, and availability of outpatient appointments for patient assessment. Conclusions The opinion of UK vascular surgeons indicates that achieving the targets of the PAD QIF represents a major challenge based upon current services. Adapting existing services with a greater focus on providing an ‘urgent’ model of care may help to potentially overcome these challenges.
An analysis of lesions associated with developmental venous anomalies
Authors: Taydas O , Ogul H , Kantarci M 
Published: August 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to describe different lesions and features associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs). Methods The records and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 1,722 patients who underwent cranial MRI between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. It was found that 124 (7.2%) patients had DVAs, and 48 of these patients (38.7%) had additional anomalies accompanying DVAs. Of the patients with DVAs, 25 were female and 23 were male, with a mean age of 39.3 years (range, 3–77 years). MRI was performed in all the patients. Results In addition to DVAs, cavernomas were present in 30 patients (62.5%), haematomas in 7 (14.5%), gliosis in 6 (12.5%), demyelinating plaques in 4 (8.3%) and a glioblastoma in 1 (2.2%). The mean diameter of the DVAs was 1.1mm and the mean diameter of the lesions was 17.4mm. The susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence was also applied to 12 patients with cavernomas. The relevant sequence in all of these patients contributed to the diagnosis. Conclusion Our study shows that DVAs can accompany a wide spectrum of lesions, especially cavernomas. Although their pathophysiology has not yet been clearly established, these lesions may have a common aetiology.