bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of naloxone hydrochloride on β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL2, MMP-9 and S100-B levels in peripheral blood after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Du Feng , Zhang Dedong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study the influence of naloxone hydrochloride on traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods: Three groups of rats were used: normal control, TBI, and TBI + naloxone hydrochloride groups (12 rats/group). In the control group, only the osseous foramen was opened. Rats in TBI group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline, while the naloxone group received naloxone hydrochloride injection at the same time. Changes in peripheral blood β-EP, CD4+, CD8+, IL-2, and S100-B levels; and brain tissue MMP-9 were assessed.
Results: The levels of β-EP in the TBI- and naloxone-treated rats were higher than control values, while levels of CD4+ in TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower than those of control group (p < 0.01). At every time point, CD8+ level in naloxone group was significantly lower than that in TBI group (p < 0.01). Compared with control group, the levels of IL-2 in the TBI and naloxone groups were significantly lower. Higher levels of S100-B were seen in TBI- and naloxone-treated rats, relative to control value. In the naloxone group, MMP-9 expression was downregulated, when compared to the expression TBI rats (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Naloxone hydrochloride reduces β-EP, alleviates inflammation, protects nerve cells and reduces brain injury in TBI rats. There is, thus, a potential to develop naloxone for the management of brain injury
Militancy and Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta: Excerpts from the Fourth Republic
Authors: Mgbonyenbi Voke Charles , Emeni Frank C.A. 
Published: May 2021

The resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and Delta State in particular has reached a seemingly high level, which has contributed to the crumbling economy of Nigeria as these series of attacks on oil facilities have reduced the barrel production of crude oil per day in the region. This has posed an imminent threat with the ongoing economic meltdown in the country. The identified reasons have been the cutbacks on the amnesty arrangements, the environmental degradation and continuous deprivation of the oil rich regions from the proceeds of the oil derived from their region and demand for ownership of the region by residents which has affected sustainable development in Delta state. This work however, through the means of empirical study, pinpoints the several reasons for the resurgence of militancy in the Niger Delta region and its effect on sustainable development in Delta state and the viability of the group’s bluff in crippling the Nigerian economy. The Study is anchored on the frustration Aggression theory and adopted the primary method of data collection. The study recommends some viable solutions amongst which are; giving more credence to the importance of Niger Delta region, developmental projects that are supervised by stakeholders and disinterested organizations in the region and Delta state in Particular.
Keywords: Militancy, Sustainable Development, Security
Restructuring, Insecurity and the Challenges of Development in Nigeria
Authors: Efeurhobo Davis , Fredrick Christmas 
Published: May 2021

The macabre of violence orchestrated by high degree of ethnic colouration and religious intolerance gave credence to this research topic. Overtime the Nigeria nation has been besieged by different altercations that have consequently retarded the pace of progress and development of the country. The study which adopted the frustration aggression theory and using the secondary data as a source submits that economic dissatisfaction arising from politics of exclusion, religious bias, leadership problem, insurgency among others have conspicuously created division among people who have agreed under one federating unit to live as one have rather consistently been denied their fair share of the "national cake". Consequently, this has led to bottled up anger, frustration and some level of disenchantment. It is against this backdrop that this paper seeks to interrogate-the nature and dimension of the Nigerian security situation and its slow pace development. The study concluded that the agitations for fair treatment, equal representation, effective governance are basic and necessary ingredients of restructuring that could help guarantee a peaceful co-existence devoid of rancour and acrimony. The study therefore among other things recommended that true federalism, good governance, justice would guarantee security and development in Nigeria.
Keywords: Restructuring, Insecurity, Development, Underdevelopment
De Un roman naturel à Physique de la mélancolie (Gueorgui Gospodinov) : de « nous sommes je » à « je sommes nous ». À la recherche de la totalité perdue
Authors: Vrinat-Nikolov Marie 
Published: May 2021

I see a very Proustian movement between these two novels: from a widespread doubt, an agonizing crisis caused by the dissolution of «identity» andcertainties, announcing the Apocalypse in Natural novel, towards melancholic but serene acceptance of this crisis, under the sign of empathy in The Physics of Sorrow. After the agonizing conclusion that «we are I» follows the answer: «I are». I am all of humanity. Proustian movement of painful quest that ends with luminous epiphanies and opens interesting ways for renewing our approach and looking anew at both postmodern literature and «self-writings”. Which kind of writing could reflect the doubt, which is «inherently linked to métissage”, the mobility, the lability of “identity” today, if not postmodern, a Métis writing par excellence?
Entre ces deux romans s’opère un mouvement finalement très proustien : mouvement du doute généralisé, de la crise angoissante suscitée par la dissolution de l’« l’identité » et des certitudes, annonciatrice de l’apocalypse dans Un roman naturel, vers l’acceptation mélancolique mais sereine de cette crise, placée sous le signe de l’empathie dans Physique de la mélancolie. Au constat angoissant du « nous sommes je » succède la réponse : « je sommes nous ». Je suis l’humanité tout entière. Mouvement proustien de quête douloureuse qui s’achève sur des épiphanies lumineuses et ouvre des pistes de réflexion intéressantes pour renouveler notre approche et notre regard à la fois du postmoderne en littérature et des « écritures du moi ». Comment rendre compte du doute, « intrinsèquement lié au métissage 31 », de la mobilité, de la labilité de « l’identité » d’aujourd’hui, sinon par le postmoderne, écriture métisse par excellence ?
Пътят между двата романа се извървя по много прустовски начин – от всеобщото съмнение, от страшната криза, предизвикана отразтворената „идентичност“ и увереност в стабилността на нещата, която предвещава апокалипсиса в Естествен роман, към тъжното, но спокойно приемане на тази криза благодарение на емпатията във Физика на тъгата.След обезпокояващото установяване, че „ние сме аз“ идва отговорът – „аз сме“. Аз съм цялото човечество. Прустовски път на болезнено издирване, което свършва със светли епифании, като очертава интересни писти за нови разсъждения, както за постмодерното в литературата, така и за „аз-формата на писане“. Как да отразим съмнението, което е „неразривно свързано със смесването (métissage)“, подвижната и лабилна „идентичност“ на нашата съвременност, ако не чрез постмодерното, което е смесено писане par excellence?
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesiapan Pembelajaran Praktik Klinik Pertama Mahasiswa STIKes Panti Rapih Prodi Diploma Tiga Keperawatan Yogyakarta
Authors: Bernadetta Eka Noviati  , Dwi Antara Nugraha  
Published: May 2021

Background: Learning clinical practice in a hospital is one of the learning methods used to provide competent nurse assistance. Students who first underwent clinical learning has a level of preparedness that different from each other.
Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that influence the readiness of School of Health Sciences Panti Rapih students to take part in learning the first practice of clinical nursing.
Methods: The research was a quantitative analytic survey research using cross sectional approach. The population in the study were students of Nursing Diploma Study Program in School of Health Sciences Panti Rapih Yogyakarta. The sample in this study were all second semester students of Nursing Diploma Study Program at School of Health Sciences Panti Rapih Yogyakarta, who were still active and fulfilled the requirements to attend nursing clinical practice. The research instruments was prepared and developed by researchers and have been tested for validity and reliability with the results of all valid and reliable measuring tools.
Results: The first physical readiness of students in learning clinical nursing practice was moderate readiness with 59 respondents (60.8%). Mental psychological readiness of students in attending the first clinical nursing practice learning that states ready as many as 54 respondents (55.7%). Material readiness of students in attending nursing clinical practice learning the first 97 respondents (100%) said they were ready. There is a correlation between physical preparation with mental-psychological readiness with low correlation with a Correlation Coefficient value of 0.273 and a significance value of p = 0.007. There is aminimum correlation between physical preparation and material readiness with a Correlation Coefficient of 0.137 and a significance value of p = 0.187. There is no correlation between mental psychological preparation with material readiness with a Correlation Coefficient value of 0.142 and a significance value of p = 0.16. There is a correlation between age and mental-psychological readiness with a low correlation level with a Correlation Coefficient of 0.302 and a significance value of p = 0.003.
Conclusion: Research data on physical readiness, psychological mental readiness and material readiness show that more than 50% of respondents are ready. The results of the analysis show that the first factor influencing students in learning clinical nursing practice is age with a value of p = 0.003 then physical preparation with a value of p = 0.007.

Keywords: readiness, clinical learning, students
Tingkat Pengetahuan Kader Tentang SDIDTK di Desa Umbulmartani dan Desa Bimomartani Wilayah Puskesmas Ngemplak I Sleman
Authors: Christina Ririn Widianti  
Published: May 2021

Background: Children experience growth and development according to their stages. Early detection of growth and development deviations needs to be done. The implementation of early detection stimulation for child development (SDIDTK) has been carried out by Puskesmas officers and health cadres, but cadres do not routinely carry out it .
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of cadres about SDIDTK in Umbulmartani Village and Bimomartani Village in the Ngemplak I Health Center area.
Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a population of cadres in the village of Umbulmartani and the village of Bimomartani. Samples were taken purposively and carried out on 133 cadres.
Results: Less than half of the cadres were aged 41-50 years (44.36%) and a small proportion were 21-30 years old, while the rest were 31-40 years old and 51-60 years old. Kader 's latest education shows that more than half of the respondents have a high school education (73.68%) and 1 has an elementary education. SMP, and D3. Most of the cadres work as housewives (87.97%) and the rest work as teachers, midwives, entrepreneurs, farmers and civil servants. Cadre's level of knowledge about stimulation of early intervention detection of child development and development: a small proportion of them had less knowledge (8.27%) and more than half (74.44%) had sufficient knowledge.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge of cadres about SDIDTK was still lacking as much as 8.27% and sufficient 74.44%
Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Primigravida Berhubungan dengan Kecemasan Rencana Sectio Caesarea
Authors: Nindya Saputri  , Sondang R. Sianturi  
Published: May 2021

Background: Every pregnant women desire to normal childbirth, but under certain conditions it is necessary to have a Caesarean section delivery. The process of giving birth to a Caesarean section will cause anxiety and fear because of the lack of information obtained by the mother regarding the section caesarean procedure to be performed.
Objective: The purpose is to describe the relationship between knowledge level and anxiety level of primigravida mothers with caesarean section plan.
Methods: Type of this research is correlational study with a cross sectional design using the Kendal tau test analysis. This research was conducted at X hospital in Bekasi. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with 30 primigravida mothers with term pregnancy, no complications to the mother and will perform a caesarean section.
Result: The results of univariate analysis are 96.7% of respondents aged 20-35 years, 53.3% have a college education background, 46.6% as enterpreneurs, 36.7% of respondents have sufficient knowledge with 63.3% have support family, 70% received support from health workers, and 40% of respondents’ experienced moderate anxiety and 20% had severe anxiety. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between education (pvalue 0.015), work (pvalue 0.019), family support (pvalue 0.016), and support from health workers (pvalue 0.001) on anxiety, and there was a relationship between knowledge and anxiety of respondents with pvalue 0.002. But there is no relationship between age and respondent anxiety with a pvalue of 0.297.
Conclusion: From the results of statistical tests in this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the respondent’s level of knowledge and anxiety experienced in dealing with caesarean section delivery.
STUDI TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PENERBIT BUKU SEKOLAH SETELAH TERBITNYA BUKU SEKOLAH ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Simamora Benget , Mardjuki Sentot , Parera Frans , Juli Astuti Irene Maria 
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan penerbit buku pelajaran tiga tahun setelah terbitnya BSE dan tiga tahun sebelumnya telah mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Ada empat variabel yang dikembangkan menjadi indikator instrumen yaitu, variabel persentasi buku teks pelajaran dengan indikator produksi buku teks pelajaran, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perubahan buku teks pelajarandengan indikator yang memengaruhi harga buku pelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif, namun pendekatan kuantitatif juga dilakukan untuk memperkuat data kualitatif. Sampel penelitian diambil dari populasi penerbit buku sekolah yang ada di wilayah Jabodetabek, Bandung, dan Jateng. Teknik pengambilan data dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner dan wawancara langsung. Analisis data dengan cara penghitungan persentase untuk data kuantitatif dan pengolahan hasil wawancara untuk data kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan solusi karena dampak kebijakan BSE tersebut dan usulan kebijakan kepada pemerintah mengenai pengadaan buku pelajaran secara nasional. Kebijakan pembelian hak cipta tidak konsisten, berubah-ubah yang mengakibatkan kualitas buku semakin rendah. Efek dominonya penerbit-penerbit skala menengah ke bawah mengalami penurunan produksi secara drastis dan penerbit menengah ke atas memperoleh pemesanan yang signifikan dengan keuntungan sangat kecil. Penerbit menengah ke atas yang masih bertahan memproduksi BSE, bukan untuk mencari profit yang signifikan, melainkan untuk mempertahankan pelanggan mereka selama ini karena produk BSE yang dipesan dijadikan satu paket dengan buku pengayaan. Kebijakan BSE telah mengubah kebijakan bisnis penerbitan buku sekolah.
PROSES PENYUNTINGAN KAMUS PERTANIAN UMUM DI PENERBIT PENEBAR SWADAYA
Authors: Rhahmadani Selly Ayu , Astuti Irene Maria Juli 
Published: May 2021

The purposes of this study are to describe the process of editing, the role of copyeditor, and the difficulty in editing the manuscript of “Kamus Pertanian Umum”. The methods used are a study library, observation, and interviews. The results show that first, there is a difference house style for writing dictionaries in Penebar Swadaya and second, the role of copy editor is only involved in mechanical editing.
STUDY MANAJEMEN PENERBITAN BUKU DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ananto Purnomo 
Published: May 2021

Industry of Books has a strategic goal is not only to improve the welfare of the people involved, but also support the advancement of national education in particular in order to participate in the intellectual life of the nation. The industry has become one of the pillars in the transfer of science and technology, both within schools and colleges of education and in industrial processes. In this context the publishers editorial management has a strategic role to direct and manage so that these goals can be achieved. Relative to the researchers tried to capture how the actual process of publishing the book, particularly from the editorial management. To get a detailed description, the survey carried out activities of companies engaged in the industry of Books in Bandung. The application of this method is supported technically by using interviews and questionnaires. After that, apply a descriptive method of the editorial management books in Bandung. The editor of the book to the publisher in London in general, working with authors to improve the quality of the book. Editors often conduct a hearing with the author of the book material to be presented, ranging from the layout, content, up to finishing the manuscript. In addition, the editors perform field surveys, such as listening to and receive feedback from potential customers regarding the contents of the book as to what he wanted.
PENERJEMAHAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PROSES PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA SEBUAH TAWARAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM KEGIATAN BERBAHASA
Authors: Kusumawardani Ingrid Veronica 
Published: May 2021

This journal contains argumentation of researcher’s idea on language skill which not only have an influence to language development but also entrepreneur’s activity which can be executed by any person who wants to be a translator. Considering that translation is a language activity having opportunity to produce income for translator. Researcher intensively executes the research towards translation process with literature review and data analysis to gain validated data that can be accounted for because it is done in accordance with carefull and detailed observation. Researcher used descriptive methodology. In implementation, researcher used literature review for the data used resourcing from literature data, then the data analysis of this journal is qualitative analysis that is analysis of contain to data. Therefore the data was analyzed based on the level of its linkage to the problem. As for the discussion of this journal contains exposure on basis of researcher’s understanding to some theories which researcher is as actor of language and entrepreneur in the field of language. In the discussion, researcher explained what needed skills are by a translator, how the relationship between translation and language development, then how big the ability of translation can be used as one of language activities which can produce income through the language activity. Therefore in the end of discussion shall be delivered all goals of this journal. Next, in conclusion and suggestion part, researcher would deliver the observation and discussion, then followed by suggestion in line with the conlucion
STUDI KORELASI ANTARA PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DENGAN SIKAP DEMOKRATIS MAHASISWA
Authors: Suardi Suardi , Fachria Eva 
Published: May 2021

Pendidikan Kewaiganegaraan memiliki visi meivujudkan masyarakat demokratis, sedangkan misinya adalah membentuk warga negara yang baik (good citizenship), yaitu menciptakan kompetensi peserta didik agar mampu berperan aktif dan bertanggung jawab bagi kelangsungan pemerintahan demokratis melalui pengembangan pengetahuan, karakter dan keterampilan kewarganegaraanPenelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatansurvey yang bersifat korelasional. Untuk mendapatkan data dalam penelitian ini ditempuh dengan survey, yaitu dengan melakukan penyebaran angket. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dna variabel, yaitu prestasi belajar PKn mahasiswa sebagai variabel bebas (independent variable) dan sikap demokiatis mahasiswa sebagai vai iabel terikat (dependent variable).Berdasarkan hasil analisis sebelumnya maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa prestasi belajar PKn berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap sikap demokratis Mahasiswa Semester 1 Politeknik Negeri .Media Kreatif PSDKU Makassar. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi product moment sebesar 0,313 dan koefisien determinasi sebesar 9,8% yang menyatakan bahwa sip demokratis mahasiswa dipengaruhi oleh prestasi belajai Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan mahasiswa sebesar 9,8%.
SKILL EDITING EXAMINATION STUDENTS OF PUBLISHING STUDIES STATE POLYTECHNICS OF CREATIVE MEDIA
Authors: Saefuddin Erlan 
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the problem of low editing skills , especially among students of Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing. This study also departs from the problem of untested editing skills . Therefore, this article aims to 1) map the level of testing of the editing skills of the Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing Study Program Students with a specialization in editing; 2) mapping the level of editing skill testing of the State Polytechnic Creative Media Publishing Study Program Students with a specialization in writing; 3) produce a comparison map of the testing skills of the State Polytechnic Creative Media Publishing Study Program between those who are interested in editing with those who are interested in writing. The study with the grand qualitative method used a script editing design. The data processing methods are descriptive and comparative. The data collection techniques applied were interviews and questionnaires. The activity plan showing the procedure for this study is as follows. Publishing student data collection who will be the study sample. Conducting interviews to get initial data. Testing the editing competence of Publishing students. Processing test data. Formulating policies, models, and conclusions.This study has resulted in the editing competency level of the Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing students. The level of competence does not represent a qualified ability. The basic editing skills of the tested students showed a very good level as evidenced by their generally very good grades. Spelling and grammar skills are quite good. However, the syntactic capabilities still need to be improved. Therefore, the improvement of editing competency still needs to be improved, especially with regard to applied editing. According to the level achievement of the editing competency level of the Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing student, the following conclusions can be generated. Editing education process is not based on the knowledge aspect, but prioritizes practice. Language problems are an element that must be strengthened in Creative Media State Polytechnic Publishing Students. Elements of spelling, words, and sentences are a matter of editing that must be further honed.