bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of tri‐hydrated aluminium in fire‐retardant properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers
Authors: Tavares Teles Araujo Priscila , Pereira da Silva Ribeiro Simone , Landesmann Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThis paper presents an experimental investigation of alumina trihydrate (ATH) in glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP), aiming to determine the influence of ATH concentration on improved flame‐retardant properties. For this research, different concentrations of ATH: 37 phr (parts per hundred resin), 40, 47.5, 50 and 55 phr, were added in isophthalic polyester matrix composites reinforced with E‐glass fibre through a pultrusion process. These composites were tested for flammability and flame propagation using the mass loss calorimeter cone (MLCC), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and glow wire tests. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to evaluate the thermal stability and enthalpy. These analyses assessed the effectiveness and influence of each ATH concentration. It was observed in the MLCC tests that the ATH concentration of 40 phr reduced the peak heat release rate (PHRR) by 27% compared to a composite with 37 phr. All specimens showed the desired commercial result for wires and cables in the glow wire test since the composites reached the maximum glow wire flammability index (GWFI) of 960 °C and a glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) above 900 °C. Thus, the addition of ATH above 40 phr leads to an improvement in the flame‐retardant properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers.
Nitrogen limits zinc‐mediated stimulation of tillering in rice by modifying phytohormone balance under low‐temperature stress
Authors: Liu Zhilei , Su Jinkai , Luo Xiangyu , Meng Jingrou , Zhang Haonan , Li Pengfei , Sun Yankun , Song Jiamei , Peng Xianlong , Yu Cailian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractZinc (Zn) can improve resistance of rice plants to abiotic stress and promote the recovery of rice tillers by influencing auxin (IAA) synthesis, Zn absorption is closely related to nitrogen (N) concentrations; however, the mechanisms by which Zn regulates rice tiller recovery at low temperatures under different N levels are rarely studied. In this study, a solution culture experiment was conducted at two temperatures, three different Zn concentrations, and two N concentrations. Low temperature during the vegetative stage damaged the rice antioxidant system, suppressed nutrient uptake, and decreased the number of tillers. Increasing Zn application improved the resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption, improved tiller bud cytokinin (CTK) concentrations, and the CTK/IAA ratio, which accelerated tiller recovery relative to plants receiving standard Zn treatment. Shoot Zn concentrations were positively correlated with tiller numbers at normal N levels. High N attenuated the positive effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures due to higher shoot Zn and IAA accumulation, and lower tiller buds CTK/IAA ratios. However, appropriate Zn application under high N levels was conducive to breaking tiller dormancy and promoting tillering growth spurts when recovering to normal temperature, which was related to the synergistic regulation of hormone balance and nutrient absorption by N and Zn. In conclusion, Zn could enhance rice low‐temperature stress resilience and facilitate tiller recovery via balancing the hormones in tiller buds. However, higher environmental N limited the stimulation of Zn on rice tillering under low temperature.
Litho‐mineralogy, geochemistry, and chronology for the genesis of the Kamust sandstone‐hosted uranium deposit, Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Huang Shaohua , Qin Mingkuan , Liu Zhangyue , He Zhongbo , Geng Yingying 
Published: December 2021

The Kamust sandstone‐hosted uranium deposit was recently discovered within the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation of the eastern Junggar Basin. In this study, polarizing microscope and scanning electron microscope observation, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement were carried out to define the petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of these sandstone‐hosted uranium ores. In addition, sulphur isotope signatures for the associated ore‐stage pyrites and the ore‐forming age were determined. The results show that the mineralized sandstones, which exhibit excellent reducibility with abundant organic matter and pyrites, are characterized by the secondary accumulation of uranium and are slightly enriched in rare earth elements (REE) and light REE (LREE). The uranium deposits are mainly composed of a large amount of uraninite, followed by some coffinites and uranium‐bearing titanium minerals and very few sorptive uranium‐bearing materials. Uranium minerals primarily exist within the interior and edge of clastic particles in colloidal, dispersed, and vein form, and some are closely interweaved with the colloidal and framboidal pyrites and carbonaceous detritus. Both uraninite and coffinite are strongly enriched in REE and LREE, as determined by in situ trace element measurements. Moreover, the δ34S values of the associated ore‐stage pyrites mostly range from −41.66 to −19.33‰, indicating biological origin, and light 32S demonstrates the relatively low‐temperature and open‐system mineralization processes related to the microbial anaerobic action on the organic matter. One of the δ34S values (6.88‰) is possibly caused by Rayleigh isotope fractionation due to the utilization of residual heavy 34S in the relatively later closed‐like mineralization system. The ore‐reforming ages of 27 ± 3.2 Ma, 22.4 ± 3.9 Ma, and 21.3 ± 2.3 Ma were obtained by U–Pb isotopic dating combined with U–Ra balance correction, corresponding to the rapid uplift event caused by the remote effect of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates at the end of the Palaeogene. In conjunction with the tectonic–sedimentary evolution of the study region, a four‐stage ore‐forming model for the Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation is preliminarily constructed: ① Development of ore‐bearing strata, ② initiation of the mineralization stage from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, ③ deep burial by lacustrine and flood mudstone from the Cretaceous to the Palaeogene, and ④ the superimposed ore‐forming stage during the Neogene. These research results provide significant benefits for further uranium prospecting and in situ leach process mining in this basin.
Supra‐subduction zone ophiolite from the Great Xing'an Range, China: Geochemistry, geochronology, and implication for formation in a back‐arc setting
Authors: Shi Zhiwei , Bai Zhida , Dong Guochen , Santosh M. , Li Liyang , Luo Zhibo , Liu Tao , Wang Keqi 
Published: December 2021

Ophiolite provides key information on subduction–accretion processes along convergent plate margins. The Wunuer ophiolite in the Great Xing'an Range of NE China was considered to be an accreted fragment of the Palaeo‐Oceanic Plate. Based on field investigation, we evaluate the petrotectonic assemblages, geochemical features, and formation age of the ophiolite, which comprises gabbro, diabase, metabasalt, and radiolarian bedded chert with serpentinized amphibole‐pyroxene peridotites. Zircon U–Pb dating shows ages of 346 ± 6 Ma and 341 ± 6 Ma suggesting the timing of formation of the ophiolite as Early Carboniferous. The ophiolitic mafic rocks in Wunuer can be divided into two types based on their geochemical features. Type I is characterized by high Ti and low Al, with weakly negative Nb‐Ta and positive Pb anomalies and low light rare earth elements (LREE). These rocks display MORB‐like features, and correspond to partial melting product of depleted mantle. Type II has low Ti, high Al, notably negative Nb‐Ta and positive Pb anomalies, and is obviously enriched in LREE, large‐ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depleted in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSE), characterized by IAB‐like features, and may be formed by partial melting of more depleted mantle, which was strongly metasomatized by subduction fluids, resulted in high LILE/HFSE. The two types of ophiolites belong to SSZ type, obviously influenced by subduction, and their tectonic setting is inferred to be within a spreading ridge in a back‐arc basin. Combined with regional geological background, the Wunuer ophiolite probably represents a shrinking ocean basin and may be the late product of the long‐term and mature back‐arc basin, related to the terminal stage of ridge spreading within the back‐arc basin.
Treatment With Simvastatin and Rifaximin Restores the Plasma Metabolomic Profile in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Pose Elisa , Solà Elsa , Lozano Juan J. , Juanola Adrià , Sidorova Julia , Zaccherini Giacomo , de Wit Koos , Uschner Frank , Tonon Marta , Kazankov Konstantin , Jiménez Cesar , Campion Daniela , Napoleone Laura , Ma Ann T. , Carol Marta , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel , Alessandria Carlo , Beuers Ulrich , Caraceni Paolo , Francoz Claire , Durand François , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P. , Trebicka Jonel , Vargas Victor , Piano Salvatore , Watson Hugh , Abraldes Juan G. , Kamath Patrick S. , Davis Mark M. , Ginès Pere ,   for the investigators of the LIVERHOPE Consortium
Published: December 2021

Patients with decompensated cirrhosis, particularly those with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF), show profound alterations in plasma metabolomics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treatment with simvastatin and rifaximin on plasma metabolites of patients with decompensated cirrhosis, specifically on compounds characteristic of the ACLF plasma metabolomic profile. Two cohorts of patients were investigated. The first was a descriptive cohort of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (n = 42), with and without ACLF. The second was an intervention cohort from the LIVERHOPE‐SAFETY randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial treated with simvastatin 20 mg/day plus rifaximin 1,200 mg/day (n = 12) or matching placebo (n = 13) for 3 months. Plasma samples were analyzed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy for plasma metabolomics characterization. ACLF was characterized by intense proteolysis and lipid alterations, specifically in pathways associated with inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as the tryptophan–kynurenine and carnitine beta‐oxidation pathways. An ACLF‐specific signature was identified. Treatment with simvastatin and rifaximin was associated with changes in 161 of 985 metabolites in comparison to treatment with placebo. A remarkable reduction in levels of metabolites from the tryptophan–kynurenine and carnitine pathways was found. Notably, 18 of the 32 metabolites of the ACLF signature were affected by the treatment. Conclusion: Treatment with simvastatin and rifaximin modulates some of the pathways that appear to be key in ACLF development. This study unveils some of the mechanisms involved in the effects of treatment with simvastatin and rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis and sets the stage for the use of metabolomics to investigate new targeted therapies in cirrhosis to prevent ACLF development.
Six solutions for more reliable infant research
Authors: Byers‐Heinlein Krista , Bergmann Christina , Savalei Victoria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfant research is often underpowered, undermining the robustness and replicability of our findings. Improving the reliability of infant studies offers a solution for increasing statistical power independent of sample size. Here, we discuss two senses of the term reliability in the context of infant research: reliable (large) effects and reliable measures. We examine the circumstances under which effects are strongest and measures are most reliable and use synthetic datasets to illustrate the relationship between effect size, measurement reliability, and statistical power. We then present six concrete solutions for more reliable infant research: (a) routinely estimating and reporting the effect size and measurement reliability of infant tasks, (b) selecting the best measurement tool, (c) developing better infant paradigms, (d) collecting more data points per infant, (e) excluding unreliable data from the analysis, and (f) conducting more sophisticated data analyses. Deeper consideration of measurement in infant research will improve our ability to study infant development.
Kinetics and persistence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralisation and antibodies after BNT162b2 vaccination in a Swiss cohort
Authors: Šošić Lara , Paolucci Marta , Duda Agathe , Hasler Fabio , Walton Senta M. , Kündig Thomas M. , Johansen Pål 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionSince the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), substantial effort has been made to gain knowledge about the immunity elicited by infection or vaccination.MethodsWe studied the kinetics of antibodies and virus neutralisation induced by vaccination with BNT162b2 in a Swiss cohort of SARS‐CoV‐2 naïve (n = 40) and convalescent (n = 9) persons. Blood sera were analysed in a live virus neutralisation assay and specific IgG and IgA levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and analysed by descriptive statistics.ResultsVirus neutralisation was detected in all individuals 2–4 weeks after the second vaccine. Both neutralisation and antibodies remained positive for >4 months. Neutralisation and antibodies showed positive correlation, but immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) seroconversion took place 2–4 weeks faster than neutralisation. Spike‐protein specific IgG levels rose significantly faster and were more stable over time than virus neutralisation titres or IgA responses. For naïve but not convalescent persons, a clear boosting effect was observed. Convalescent individuals showed faster, more robust and longer‐lasting immune responses after vaccination compared to noninfected persons. No threshold could be determined for spike protein‐specific IgG or IgA that would confer protection in the neutralisation assay, implicating the need for a better correlate of protection then antibody titres alone.ConclusionsThis study clearly shows the complex translation of antibody data and virus neutralisation, while supporting the evidence of a single dose being sufficient for effective antibody response in convalescent individuals.
Transitioning to telehealth due to COVID‐19: Maintaining model fidelity in a home visiting program for parents of vulnerable infants
Authors: Roben Caroline K. P. , Kipp Evan , Schein Stevie S. , Costello Amanda H. , Dozier Mary 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaintaining treatment fidelity when implementing evidence‐based interventions is a significant challenge. The inability to deliver in‐person services due to the COVID‐19 pandemic critically challenged the foundation of implementation fidelity for home visiting programs across the globe. The Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐Up (ABC) program is an evidence‐based home visiting intervention designed to increase sensitivity in parents of infants who have experienced early adversity. ABC's community effectiveness is due to rigorous fidelity monitoring and supervision. Fidelity is measured by microanalytic coding of parenting opportunities and “in‐the‐moment” commenting, the active ingredient of ABC. In this study, we examined intervention fidelity among parent coaches implementing ABC through telehealth. Random 5‐min clips from 510 telehealth ABC session videos conducted by 91 parent coaches at 48 agencies were coded for their frequency and quality of in‐the‐moment comments. On average, parent coaches were able to exceed in‐person commenting fidelity standards when implementing ABC through the telehealth format. The active fidelity monitoring and supervision inherent to ABC's dissemination afforded a smooth transition to implementing ABC through telehealth while adhering to fidelity standards. Procedural and clinical challenges to telehealth implementation are discussed, along with future directions for telehealth program effectiveness.
Imine resveratrol analogs (IRAs): The strong antioxidant that can protect lymphocytes from oxidative damage
Authors: Kubalová Ivona , Šeršeň František , Gálová Eliška , Filo Juraj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractImine resveratrol analogs (IRAs) are promising new agents that can have higher positive effects and, simultaneously, lower negative properties than resveratrol. In this study, three imine hydroxy derivatives (2‐((4‐hydroxyphenylimino) methyl) phenol [IRA1], 3‐((4‐hydroxyphenylimino) methyl) phenol [IRA2], and 4‐((4‐hydroxyphenylimino) methyl) phenol [IRA3]) were prepared and tested in several biological assays. They performed superior to resveratrol in several antioxidant and biological assays, showing high antioxidant capacity and low genotoxicity. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and hydroxyl radicals scavenging assay revealed good Fe3+to Fe2+reduction and strong inhibition of hydroxyl radical formation, respectively. High dosage (1 mmol/dm3) of IRA2 and IRA3 did not cause genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Moreover, lymphocytes pretreated with all three IRAs accumulated only very few DNA breaks induced by H2O2than lymphocytes pretreated with resveratrol. Additionally, the number of detected DNA breaks appearing after removal of damaged DNA bases, 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine (8‐oxoG), did not dramatically increase in lymphocytes treated with IRA2. Thus, we concluded that IRAs, especially IRA2, are strong antioxidants with the ability to protect lymphocytes from oxidative damage.
Investigating the protective role of metformin on lithium‐induced hypothyroidism
Authors: Samareh Fekri Hojjat , Pishnamaz Seide‐Fatemeh , Jafari Elham , Ansari Mehdi , Doostmohammadi Mohsen , Mohajeri Mohammad , Rahimi Hamid‐Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInduction of oxidative stress events has been shown to be associated with lithium (Li) hypothyroidism induction. Metformin (MET) is a commonly used antidiabetic drug with multiple properties including antiproliferative activity, antioxidant potency, and is used in polycystic ovarian syndrome treatment. Here, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of MET on Li‐induced hypothyroidism for elucidating its mechanism of action. The obtained results demonstrated the oxidative stress reduction in thyroid tissues upon MET treatment. Besides this, the biochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in T3 and TSH levels (down to 2 ng/ml and 0.05 µU/ml, respectively) in coordination with an observable reduction in T4 level (up to 2.1 ng/ml). Also, a significant reduction in Li‐related tissue damages including changes in the morphology and the size of follicles, rate of vascularity, detachment of follicular cells, inflammatory cells infiltration, and follicular cells hypertrophy and disruption was observed. Ultimately, regarding the significant improvement in thyroid tissues and valuable antioxidant activity determined in tissues treated with MET, it is concluded that MET co‐administration with Li can significantly reduce the negative effects of Li and enhance the efficacy of Li therapy.
Analysis of the disease activity of ulcerative colitis with and without concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis: An investigation using a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Yano Kota , Moroi Rintaro , Shiga Hisashi , Tarasawa Kunio , Shimoyama Yusuke , Kuroha Masatake , Hamada Shin , Kakuta Yoichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a relatively common complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). Only a few studies have investigated the impact of PSC on the clinical course of UC, and their conclusions are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to compare the disease activity of UC with and without PSC.Methods and ResultsWe collected UC patient data using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database system in Japan and classified eligible admissions into two groups based on their diagnosis of either UC alone or UC associated with PSC. We then compared therapeutic details (medical treatment and surgery) between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching was also performed. The rates of systemic steroid injection and infliximab administration in patients with PSC were lower than those in patients without PSC (21% vs. 28%, P = 0.012, 9.6% vs. 16%, P = 0.01, respectively). The rates of surgery, colorectal cancer, duration of hospital stay, and in‐hospital mortality did not differ between the two groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that concomitant PSC was a clinical factor that reduced the odds of systemic steroid injection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–0.90, P = 0.008) and infliximab (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.74, P = 0.0008) administration.ConclusionUC patients with PSC might have less UC disease activity than those with UC alone.
Agreement Between Automated and Manual MRI Volumetry in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Quek Yi‐En , Fung Yi Leng , Cheung Mike W.‐L. , Vogrin Simon J. , Collins Steven J. , Bowden Stephen C. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAutomated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry is a promising tool to evaluate regional brain volumes in dementia and especially Alzheimer's disease (AD).PurposeTo compare automated methods and the gold standard manual segmentation in measuring regional brain volumes on MRI across healthy controls, patients with mild cognitive impairment, and patients with dementia due to AD.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched through October 2021.Field Strength1.0 T, 1.5 T, or 3.0 T.AssessmentTwo review authors independently identified studies for inclusion and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS‐2).Statistical TestsStandardized mean differences (SMD; Hedges' g) were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis with robust variance estimation. Subgroup analyses were undertaken to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the impact of the within‐study correlation between effect estimates on the meta‐analysis results.ResultsSeventeen studies provided sufficient data to evaluate the hippocampus, lateral ventricles, and parahippocampal gyrus. The pooled SMD for the hippocampus, lateral ventricles, and parahippocampal gyrus were 0.22 (95% CI −0.50 to 0.93), 0.12 (95% CI −0.13 to 0.37), and −0.48 (95% CI −1.37 to 0.41), respectively. For the hippocampal data, subgroup analyses suggested that the pooled SMD was invariant across clinical diagnosis and field strength. Subgroup analyses could not be conducted on the lateral ventricles data and the parahippocampal gyrus data due to insufficient data. The results were robust to the selected within‐study correlation value.Data ConclusionWhile automated methods are generally comparable to manual segmentation for measuring hippocampal, lateral ventricle, and parahippocampal gyrus volumes, wide 95% CIs and large heterogeneity suggest that there is substantial uncontrolled variance. Thus, automated methods may be used to measure these regions in patients with AD but should be used with caution.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3