bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative evaluation of the issue of drought definition: a source of disagreement in future drought assessments
Authors: Satoh Yusuke , Shiogama Hideo , Hanasaki Naota , Pokhrel Yadu , Boulange Julien Eric Stanislas , Burek Peter , Gosling Simon Newland , Grillakis Manolis , Koutroulis Aristeidis , Müller Schmied Hannes , Thiery Wim , Yokohata Tokuta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Droughts are anticipated to intensify in many parts of the world due to climate change. However, the issue of drought definition, namely the diversity of drought indices, makes it difficult to compare drought assessments. This issue is widely known, but its relative importance has never been quantitatively evaluated in comparison to other sources of uncertainty. Here, encompassing three drought categories (meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological droughts) with four temporal scales of interest, we evaluated changes in the drought frequency using multi-model and multi-scenario simulations to identify areas where the definition issue could result in pronounced uncertainties and to what extent. We investigated the disagreement in the signs of changes between drought definitions and decomposed the variance into four main factors: drought definitions, greenhouse gas concentration scenarios, global climate models, and global water models, as well as their interactions. The results show that models were the primary sources of variance over 82% of the global land area. On the other hand, the drought definition was the dominant source of variance in the remaining 17%, especially in parts of northern high-latitudes. Our results highlight specific regions where differences in drought definitions result in a large spread among projections, including areas showing opposite signs of significant changes. At a global scale, 7% of the variance resulted independently from the definition issue, and that value increased to 44% when 1st and 2nd order interactions were considered. The quantitative results suggest that by clarifying hydrological processes or sectors of interest, one could avoid these uncertainties in drought assessments to obtain a clearer picture of future drought change.
Quality of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation for fast and slow driving
Authors: Koyuk Timur , Seifert Udo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The thermodynamic uncertainty relation originally proven for systems driven into a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) allows one to infer the total entropy production rate by observing any current in the system. This kind of inference scheme is especially useful when the system contains hidden degrees of freedom or hidden discrete states, which are not accessible to the experimentalist. A recent generalization of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to arbitrary time-dependent driving allows one to infer entropy production not only by measuring current-observables but also by observing state variables. A crucial question then is to understand which observable yields the best estimate for the total entropy production. In this paper we address this question by analyzing the quality of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation for various types of observables for the generic limiting cases of fast driving and slow driving. We show that in both cases observables can be found that yield an estimate of order one for the total entropy production. We further show that the uncertainty relation can even be saturated in the limit of fast driving.
Modeling research on laser quenching process of GCr15 bearing steel basing on material properties obtained with experimental methods
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Wen Zhi , Su Fuyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A combination of temperature and microstructure prediction models for the laser quenching process of GCr15 bearing steel was established. The thermo-physical parameters and austenitizaiton kinetics of GCr15 bearing steel were obtained with the laser flash and dilatometer experiments, respectively, to improve the prediction accuracy of the model. The dilatometric experiment results for the austenitization kinetics for high heating rates were fitted with the isochronal JMA relationship. Basing on the experimental results, the temperature and microstructure evolutions of GCr15 bearing steel during the laser quenching processes were simulated. According to the simulation results, optimized technological parameters for the laser quenching process were proposed.
Evaluation of the relationship between strength, quality grade, microstructure and abrasion of concrete
Authors: Warudkar Abhijit , Elavenil S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Surface abrasion is the most general cause of concrete deterioration. Abrasion can be a catalyst for structural failures, as abrasion leads to structural cracks and reinforcement corrosion. The abrasion of the concrete surface is a reflection of the compressive strength and quality grading of the concrete. This study aims to examine the relationship between abrasion, compressive strength, and quality grading of concrete. The mechanical properties, quality grading, and abrasion of the concrete were evaluated based on the compressive strength (IS 516), ultrasonic pulse velocity (IS 13311), and sandblasting abrasion testing (IS 9284), respectively. Abrasion resistance increased with compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The study was supported by microstructural analysis and surface chemical composition of the concrete. It was concluded that quality grading, sound microstructure, and abrasion resistant concrete with higher compressive strength along with the use of superplasticiser leads to better abrasion resistance.
The influence of rare earth elements lanthanum on corrosion resistance of steel plate for offshore platform
Authors: Ruifeng Dong , Hua Li , Xiaoyu Zhang , Xiangtao Deng , Qingling Cui , Jiquan Chen , Xiong Yang , Jianwei Liang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Two kinds of offshore platform steels without rare earth elements and with trace rare earth elements lanthanum (less than 20ppm) were selected as the research objects. The corrosion of the two groups of steels was simulated by salt spray corrosion chamber. The macro/micro corrosion morphology of the two groups of steels was studied by scanning electron microscope; The periodic immersion corrosion experiment was used to accelerate the corrosion, the weight loss method was used to study the corrosion kinetics, and the morphology of corrosion rust layer was observed by scanning electron microscope; The composition and content of corrosion products were analyzed by XRD; The electrochemical behavior of the steel after corrosion was analyzed by electrochemical polarization curve and Nyquist diagram. The results show that the addition of trace rare earth elements lanthanum (less than 20ppm) can reduce the corrosion rate and corrosion current of two kinds of offshore platform steel with different strength, and the corrosion layer is more compact, which is a corrosion product with protective performance α- FeOOH increased. The addition of trace rare earth elements lanthanum (less than 20ppm) improves the corrosion resistance of two kinds of offshore platform steels with different strength.
Giant Peltier conductivity in an uncompensated semimetal Ta2PdSe6
Authors: Nakano Akitoshi , Yamakage Ai , Maruoka Urara , Taniguchi Hiroki , Yasui Yukio , Terasaki Ichiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thermoelectric properties of single crystal Ta2PdSe6 is investigated by means of transport measurements, and a density functional calculation. We found a giant Peltier conductivity of 100 A cm−1 K−1 at 10 K and successfully explained it by means of conventional semiconductor theory. We concluded that an uncompensated semimetal, high mobility, and heavy effective mass are responsible for the giant Peltier conductivity. Our finding opens a new ground in the field of thermoelectrics to explore much better semimetals for a new possible application such as an electric current generator for a superconducting magnet.
You Can Never Be Sure
Authors: Spaide Christopher 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
If you had to name the genre of The Selected Letters of John Berryman, how many different answers could you give? This essay considers a handful of approaches to reading poets’ correspondence and to the particularly disordered case of Berryman’s letters. After reading the letters the predominant way we approach modern poets’ correspondence today—as an assemblage of documentary evidence that stands alongside but not in place of a biography—this essay proposes a fruitful alternative: to focus less on their sender and more on their addressees. In that broader light, The Selected Letters is the best book ever assembled on what John Berryman needed from, and could provide for, anyone who wasn’t John Berryman. The remainder of the essay surveys what Berryman offered several generations of poets, from peers like Elizabeth Bishop, to near-contemporaries like Adrienne Rich, to poets working today. What many contemporary poets have found most useful—and most objectionable—in his work may be a permission-granting hostility, which they have wrested away and turned back on Berryman himself. After speculating about lessons we could take from Berryman’s example, this essay concludes on a central question raised by his tumultuous reception: how can you ever be sure?
Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Liquid AbobotulinumtoxinA Formulation for Moderate-to-Severe Glabellar Lines: A Phase III, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled and Open-Label Study
Authors: Kestemont Philippe , Hilton Said , Andriopoulos Bill , Prygova Inna , Thompson Catherine , Volteau Magali , Ascher Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
A ready-to-use liquid formulation of abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT-A solution) has been developed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of aboBoNT-A solution for the treatment of glabellar lines.

Methods
This was a multicenter, multinational, Phase III study (NCT02493946), with randomized double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC; 2:1 aboBoNT-A solution 50 U/placebo) and open-label (4 cycles aboBoNT-A solution) periods; additional patients were recruited into the open-label period. Patients were 18 to 65 years old, BoNT-naïve, and dissatisfied/very dissatisfied with moderate/severe glabellar lines at maximum frown. Investigator’s live assessment (primary endpoint)/subject’s self-assessment of glabellar line severity at maximum frown, patient satisfaction with glabellar line appearance, and FACE-Q patient-reported scales (facial appearance overall, psychological well-being, aging) were assessed. Adverse events were monitored. Analyses were performed on DBPC and long-term analysis (LTA; all patients receiving ≥1 aboBoNT-A solution injection) populations.

Results
Responder rates for the investigator’s live assessment, the subject’s self-assessment, and patient satisfaction were consistent at Day 29 postinjection across repeat LTA cycles (82.2%-87.8%, 62.8%-80.6%, and 72.2%-87.8%, respectively), with statistically significantly higher responder rates vs placebo (DBPC cycle: 81.6% vs 0.8%, 68.1% vs 2.3%, and 83.1% vs 5.7%, respectively; all P &lt; 0.0001). Consistent improvements on FACE-Q scales occurred with repeat cycles (DBPC cycle: aboBoNT-A solution vs placebo, P &lt; 0.0001). No new or unexpected adverse events, or neutralizing antibodies, were observed.

Conclusions
These results support the long-term efficacy and safety of aboBoNT-A solution, and its superiority over placebo, for treatment of glabellar lines in adults.

Level of Evidence: 1
DEMETER: efficient simultaneous curation of genome-scale reconstructions guided by experimental data and refined gene annotations
Authors: Heinken Almut , Magnúsdóttir Stefanía , Fleming Ronan M T , Thiele Ines 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Manual curation of genome-scale reconstructions is laborious, yet existing automated curation tools do not typically take species-specific experimental and curated genomic data into account.

Results
We developed Data-drivEn METabolic nEtwork Refinement (DEMETER), a Constraint-Based Reconstruction and Analysis (COBRA) Toolbox extension, which enables the efficient, simultaneous refinement of thousands of draft genome-scale reconstructions, while ensuring adherence to the quality standards in the field, agreement with available experimental data and refinement of pathways based on manually refined genome annotations.

Availability and implementation
DEMETER and tutorials are freely available at https://github.com/opencobra.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cognitive performance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and relevance of intracranial pressure
Authors: Grech Olivia , Clouter Andrew , Mitchell James L , Alimajstorovic Zerin , Ottridge Ryan S , Yiangou Andreas , Roque Marianne , Tahrani Abd A , Nicholls Matthew , Taylor Angela E , Shaheen Fozia , Arlt Wiebke , Lavery Gareth G , Shapiro Kimron , Mollan Susan P , Sinclair Alexandra J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCognitive impairments have been reported in idiopathic intracranial hypertension; however, evidence supporting these deficits is scarce and contributing factors have not been defined. Using a case-control prospective study, we identified multiple domains of deficiency in a cohort of 66 female adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. We identified significantly impaired attention networks (executive function) and sustained attention compared to a body mass index and age matched control group of 25 healthy female participants. We aimed to investigate how cognitive function changed over time and demonstrated that deficits were not permanent. Participants exhibited improvement in several domains including executive function, sustained attention and verbal short-term memory over 12-month follow-up. Improved cognition over time was associated with reduction in intracranial pressure but not body weight. We then evaluated cognition before and after a lumbar puncture with acute reduction in intracranial pressure and noted significant improvement in sustained attention to response task performance. The impact of comorbidities (headache, depression, adiposity and obstructive sleep apnoea) was also explored. We observed that body mass index and the obesity associated cytokine interleukin-6 (serum and cerebrospinal fluid) were not associated with cognitive performance. Headache severity during cognitive testing, co-morbid depression and markers of obstructive sleep apnoea were adversely associated with cognitive performance. Dysregulation of the cortisol generating enzyme 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 has been observed in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Elevated cortisol has been associated with impaired cognition. Here, we utilized liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for multi-steroid profiling in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients. We noted that reduction in the serum cortisol:cortisone ratio in those undergoing bariatric surgery at 12 months was associated with improving verbal working memory. The clinical relevance of cognitive deficits was noted in their significant association with impaired reliability to perform visual field tests, the cornerstone of monitoring vision in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Our findings propose that cognitive impairment should be accepted as a clinical manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension and impairs the ability to perform visual field testing reliably. Importantly, cognitive deficits can improve over time and with reduction of intracranial pressure. Treating comorbid depression, obstructive sleep apnoea and headache could improve cognitive performance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
Game-theoretical mapping of fundamental brain functions based on lesion deficits in acute stroke
Authors: Malherbe Caroline , Cheng Bastian , Königsberg Alina , Cho Tae-Hee , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B , Fiehler Jens , Galinovic Ivana , Puig Josep , Thijs Vincent , Lemmens Robin , Muir Keith W , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Simonsen Claus Z , Wouters Anke , Gerloff Christian , Hilgetag Claus C , Thomalla Götz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Lesion analysis is a fundamental and classical approach for inferring the causal contributions of brain regions to brain function. However, many studies have been limited by the shortcomings of methodology or clinical data. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we here use an objective multivariate approach based on game theory, Multi-perturbation Shapley value Analysis, in conjunction with data from a large cohort of 394 acute stroke patients, to derive causal contributions of brain regions to four principal functional components of the widely used National Institutes of Health Stroke Score measure. The analysis was based on a high-resolution parcellation of the brain into 294 grey and white matter regions. Through initial lesion symptom mapping for identifying all potential candidate regions and repeated iterations of the game-theoretical approach to remove non-significant contributions, the analysis derived the smallest sets of regions contributing to each of the four principal functional components as well as functional interactions among the regions. Specifically, the factor ‘language and consciousness’ was related to contributions of cortical regions in the left hemisphere, including the prefrontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the ventromedial putamen and the inferior frontal gyrus. Right and left motor functions were associated with contributions of the left and right dorsolateral putamen and the posterior limb of the internal capsule, correspondingly. Moreover, the superior corona radiata and the paracentral lobe of the right hemisphere as well as the right caudal area 23 of the cingulate gyrus were mainly related to left motor function, while the prefrontal gyrus, the external capsule and the sagittal stratum fasciculi of the left hemisphere contributed to right motor function.
Our approach demonstrates a practically feasible strategy for applying an objective lesion inference method to a high-resolution map of the human brain and distilling a small, characteristic set of grey and white matter structures contributing to fundamental brain functions. In addition, we present novel findings of synergistic interactions between brain regions that provide insight into the functional organization of brain networks.
Blinded study: prospectively defined high-frequency oscillations predict seizure outcome in individual patients
Authors: Dimakopoulos Vasileios , Mégevand Pierre , Boran Ece , Momjian Shahan , Seeck Margitta , Vulliémoz Serge , Sarnthein Johannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterictal high-frequency oscillations are discussed as biomarkers for epileptogenic brain tissue that should be resected in epilepsy surgery to achieve seizure freedom. The prospective classification of tissue sampled by individual electrode contacts remains a challenge. We have developed an automated, prospective definition of clinically relevant high-frequency oscillations in intracranial EEG from Montreal and tested it in recordings from Zurich. We here validated the algorithm on intracranial EEG that was recorded in an independent epilepsy centre so that the analysis was blinded to seizure outcome. We selected consecutive patients who underwent resective epilepsy surgery in Geneva with post-surgical follow-up &gt; 12 months. We analysed long-term recordings during sleep that we segmented into intervals of 5 min. High-frequency oscillations were defined in the ripple (80–250 Hz) and the fast ripple (250–500 Hz) frequency bands. Contacts with the highest rate of ripples co-occurring with fast ripples designated the relevant area. As a validity criterion, we calculated the test–retest reliability of the high-frequency oscillations area between the 5 min intervals (dwell time ≥50%). If the area was not fully resected and the patient suffered from recurrent seizures, this was classified as a true positive prediction. We included recordings from 16 patients (median age 32 years, range 18–53 years) with stereotactic depth electrodes and/or with subdural electrode grids (median follow-up 27 months, range 12–55 months). For each patient, we included several 5 min intervals (median 17 intervals). The relevant area had high test–retest reliability across intervals (median dwell time 95%). In two patients, the test–retest reliability was too low (dwell time &lt; 50%) so that outcome prediction was not possible. The area was fully included in the resected volume in 2/4 patients who achieved post-operative seizure freedom (specificity 50%) and was not fully included in 9/10 patients with recurrent seizures (sensitivity 90%), leading to an accuracy of 79%. An additional exploratory analysis suggested that high-frequency oscillations were associated with interictal epileptic discharges only in channels within the relevant area and not associated in channels outside the area. We thereby validated the automated procedure to delineate the clinically relevant area in each individual patient of an independently recorded dataset and achieved the same good accuracy as in our previous studies. The reproducibility of our results across datasets is promising for a multicentre study to test the clinical application of high-frequency oscillations to guide epilepsy surgery.
Identification of sample mix-ups and mixtures in microbiome data in Diversity Outbred mice
Authors: Lobo Alexandra K , Traeger Lindsay L , Keller Mark P , Attie Alan D , Rey Federico E , Broman Karl W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In a Diversity Outbred mouse project with genotype data on 500 mice, including 297 with microbiome data, we identified three sets of sample mix-ups (two pairs and one trio) as well as at least 15 microbiome samples that appear to be mixtures of pairs of mice. The microbiome data consisted of shotgun sequencing reads from fecal DNA, used to characterize the gut microbial communities present in these mice. These sequence reads included sufficient reads derived from the host mouse to identify the individual. A number of microbiome samples appeared to contain a mixture of DNA from two mice. We describe a method for identifying sample mix-ups in such microbiome data, as well as a method for evaluating sample mixtures in this context.