bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formacio?n de poli?ticas pu?blicas para la garanti?a de derechos humanos
Authors: Sánchez Cubides Pedro Alfonso , Higuera Jiménez Diego Mauricio 
Published: May 2021

Resumen
El presente arti?culo aborda las poli?ticas pu?blicas como medio que tiene el Estado para respetar, proteger, garantizar y promover los derechos humanos, a trave?s de planes programas, proyectos y actividades, en cuyo proceso de formacio?n la participacio?n de la sociedad es fundamental. Bajo la perspectiva del Estado Social de Derecho, cuyo presupuesto es la dignidad humana, la formacio?n de poli?ticas pu?blicas con ma?s relevancia debe orientarse a la materializacio?n de derechos, proceso para el cual es de gran utilidad el enfoque basado en derechos, cuyos elementos se concretan en la delimitacio?n del derecho, las obligaciones del Estado y los principios transversales.
PALABRAS CLAVES: Estado, poli?ticas pu?blicas, derechos humanos, enfoque basado en derechos.
Abstract
This article deals with public policies as a means for the State to respect, protect, guarantee and promote human rights, through plans, programs, projects, and activities, in whose training process the participation of the society is fundamental. Under the perspective of the Social Rule of Law, whose budget is human dignity, the formation of public policies with more relevance should be oriented to the embodiment of rights, a process for which the rights-based approach is quite useful, whose elements are specified in the delimitation of the law, the liabilities of the State and the cross-cutting principles.
KEYWORDS: State, public policies, human rights, rights-based approach.

Resumo
O presente artigo aborda as poli?ticas pu?blicas como meio que o Estado tem para respeitar, proteger, garantir e promover os direitos humanos, atrave?s dos planos programas, projetos e actividades, cujo proceso de formac?a?o da participac?a?o da sociedade e? fundamental. Sob a perspectiva do Estado Social de Direito, cujo presuposto e? a dignidade humana, a formac?a?o de poli?ticas pu?blicas com mais releva?ncia deve orientar-se a? materializac?a?o de direitos, processo para qual e? de grande utilidade o enfoque baseado em direitos, cujos elementos se concretizam na delimitac?a?o do direito, nas obrigac?o?es do Estado e nos princi?pios transversais.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Estado, poli?ticas pu?blicas, direitos humanos, enfoque baseado em direitos.
Tecnologi?a de la informacio?n y comunicacio?n en las operaciones psicolo?gicas en oficiales alumnos del escuela te?cnica del ejercito
Authors: Chingo Saavedra Alcides , Vásquez Tolentino Emerita Victoria 
Published: May 2021

La tecnologi?a de la informacio?n y comunicacio?n es parte de la modernizacio?n y el avance cienti?fico al tiempo que un alto i?ndice de la poblacio?n tiene acceso, como parte de su trabajo diario, su avance acade?mico, su distraccio?n o como parte de la interaccio?n social, por tanto podri?a ser una herramienta importante en el trabajo de Operaciones Psicolo?gicas, por el nivel de accesibilidad de la poblacio?n en general, por tal motivo se asume que el te?cnico del ejercito debera? capacitarse y actualizarse en herramientas informa?ticas. El presente es un trabajo de reflexio?n que aborda en una propuesta de intervencio?n en la formacio?n acade?mica de los Te?cnicos del Eje?rcito en la especialidad de operaciones psicolo?gicas
PALABRAS CLAVE: tecnologi?a, informacio?n, comunicacio?n, operaciones psicologicas y ejercito
Abstract
Information and communication technology is part of the modernization and scientific advancement while a high rate of the population has access, as part of their daily work, their academic progress, their distraction or as part of social interaction, for This could be an important tool in the work of Psychological Operations, due to the level of accessibility of the population in general, for this reason it is assumed that the army technician must be trained and updated in computer tools. The present is a reflection work that addresses in a proposal of intervention in the academic training of Army Technicians in the specialty of psychological operations.
KEYWORDS: technology, information, communication, psychological operations, military

Resumo
A tecnologia da informac?a?o e comunicac?a?o e? parte da modernizac?a?o e do avanc?o cienti?fico ao mesmo tempo em que um alto i?ndice da populac?a?o tem acesso, como parte de seu trabalho dia?rio, seu avanc?o acade?mico, sua distrac?a?o ou como parte da interac?a?o social. Portanto, podia ser uma ferramenta importante no trabalho de Operac?o?es Psicolo?gicas, pelo ni?vel de acessibilidade da populac?a?o em geral. Por este motivo se assume que o te?cnico do exe?rcito devera? se capacitar y se atualizar em ferramentas informa?ticas. O presente trabalho reflexiona sobre essa abordagem em uma proposta de intervenc?a?o na formac?a?o acade?mica dos Te?cnicos do Exe?rcito na especializac?a?o de operac?o?es psicolo?gicas.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: tecnologia, informac?a?o, comunicac?a?o, operac?o?es psicolo?gicas e militares
Implementing Exercise in Standard Cancer Care (Bizi Orain Hybrid Exercise Program): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arietaleanizbeaskoa Maria Soledad , Gil Rey Erreka , Mendizabal Gallastegui Nere , García-Álvarez Arturo , De La Fuente Ibon , Domínguez-Martinez Silvia , Pablo Susana , Coca Aitor , Gutiérrez Santamaría Borja , Grandes Gonzalo 
Published: May 2021

Background
Despite the established benefits of regular exercise for patients with cancer to counteract the deleterious effects of the disease itself and treatment-related adverse effects, most of them do not engage in sufficient levels of physical activity and there is a paucity of data on the integration of efficacious exercise programs that are accessible and generalizable to a large proportion of patients with cancer into routine cancer care.

Objective
We intend to examine the effects attributable to the implementation of a community-based exercise program on cardiorespiratory functional capacity and quality of life for patients with cancer.

Methods
This will be a hybrid study. In the first experimental phase, patients diagnosed with any type of cancer will be randomized into two parallel groups. One group immediately performs Bizi Orain, a 3-month supervised exercise program (3 times a week), in addition to behavioral counseling in a primary health care setting; the other is a reference group that starts the exercise program 3 months later (delayed treatment). In the second observational phase, the entire cohort of participants will be followed-up for 5 years. Any person diagnosed with cancer in the previous 2 years is eligible for the program. The program evaluation involves the uptake, safety, adherence, and effectiveness assessed after completion of the program and with follow-ups at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The primary outcomes of the experimental study, to be compared between groups, are improved physical function and quality of life, whereas overall survival is the main objective of the prospective study. To analyze the association between changes in physical activity levels and overall survival, longitudinal mixed-effects models will be used for repeated follow-up measures.

Results
A total of 265 patients have been enrolled into the study since January 2019, with 42 patients from the hematology service and 223 from the oncology service.

Conclusions
Bizi Orain is the first population-based exercise program in Spain that will offer more insight into the implementation of feasible, generalizable, and sustainable supportive care services involving structured exercise to extend survival of patients with cancer, improve their physical function and quality of life, and reverse the adverse effects of their disease and related treatments, thereby reducing the clinical burden.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03819595; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03819595

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24835
Developing a Risk Governance Framework on Radiological Emergency, Preparedness, and Response for Emergency Responders: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Abd Rahman Anita , Abdul Manaf Rosliza , Lim Poh Ying , Suppiah Subapriya , Juni Muhammad Hanafiah 
Published: May 2021

Background
Risk governance involves processes and mechanisms to understand how risk decisions are taken and executed. This concept has gained a reputation over time as being essential for emerging comprehensive management that defines the success of an organization. While guiding documents that explain the use of risk management related to nuclear safety and security are available worldwide, few locally conducted studies have explained risk governance practices in areas where hazard usage is known, such as in radiological emergencies.

Objective
This paper describes a protocol that was used to determine several factors that influence emergency responders’ perceptions toward radiological risk practices and visualize the risk radiological framework for emergency preparedness and response.

Methods
A mixed methods study with a convergent design was performed. A qualitative analysis was performed using a case study approach where 6 key informants were purposely sampled for in-depth interview, and a cross-sectional study involving a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among approximately 260 emergency respondents from national regulatory, research, and services organizations. NVivo (version 12, QSR International) was used to analyze the interview transcripts and emerging themes were identified through abductive coding. Simultaneously, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors that form the equation model.

Results
The study is still underway. Qualitative findings were based on transcript-coding that informed the relevant thematic analysis, while statistical analyses including multiple logistic regression analysis measured the adjusted odds ratio of significant variables for the equation model. The study is expected to conclude in late 2021.

Conclusions
Important emerging themes and significant factors that are related to the emergency responders’ perceptions regarding radiological governance practices were determined through the convergent design. This potentially facilitated the development of a plausible radiological risk governance framework. Furthermore, our results will provide key insights that can be used in future studies.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/25877
Changes in Language Style and Topics in an Online Eating Disorder Community at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Feldhege Johannes , Moessner Markus , Wolf Markus , Bauer Stephanie 
Published: May 2021

Background
COVID-19 has affected individuals with lived experience of eating disorders (EDs), with many reporting higher psychological distress, higher prevalence of ED symptoms, and compensatory behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic and the health and safety measures taken to contain its spread also disrupted routines and reduced access to familiar coping mechanisms, social support networks, and health care services. Social media and the ED communities on social media platforms have been an important source of support for individuals with EDs in the past. So far, it is unknown how discussions in online ED communities changed as offline support networks were disrupted and people spent more time at home in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective
The aim of this study is to identify changes in language content and style in an online ED community during the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We extracted posts and their comments from the ED community on the social media website Reddit and concatenated them to comment threads. To analyze these threads, we applied top-down and bottom-up language analysis methods based on topic modeling with latent Dirichlet allocation and 13 indicators from the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program, respectively. Threads were split into prepandemic (before March 11, 2020) and midpandemic (after March 11, 2020) groups. Standardized mean differences were calculated to estimate change between pre- and midpandemic threads.

Results
A total of 17,715 threads (n=8772, 49.5% prepandemic threads; n=8943, 50.5% midpandemic threads) were extracted from the ED community and analyzed. The final topic model contained 21 topics. CIs excluding zero were found for standardized mean differences of 15 topics and 9 Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count categories covering themes such as ED symptoms, mental health, treatment for EDs, cognitive processing, social life, and emotions.

Conclusions
Although we observed a reduction in discussions about ED symptoms, an increase in mental health and treatment-related topics was observed at the same time. This points to a change in the focus of the ED community from promoting potentially harmful weight loss methods to bringing attention to mental health and treatments for EDs. These results together with heightened cognitive processing, increased social references, and reduced inhibition of negative emotions detected in discussions indicate a shift in the ED community toward a pro-recovery orientation.
APOPTOSIS INDUCING EFFECT OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING MAGNOLIA CHAMPACA LEAF EXTRACT ON MCF-7 CELL LINE
Authors: ANTONY ANNA , SHRIVASTAV NEHA , DUBEY SIDDHARTH , ACHARYA ASHUTOSH 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To synthesize silver nanoparticle (AgNP) using the ethanolic leaf extract of Magnolia champaca (MC-AgNP) and to evaluate its cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cell line, and to analyse active Caspase-3 expression in inducing apoptosis.
Methods: AgNP was green synthesized using ethanolic leaf extract of MC. Shape and size were analysed by SEM and particle size analyser. Cytotoxicity was tested to find IC50 value. Apoptosis was explored by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) assay and active Caspase-3 expression study using flow cytometry.
Results: AgNP synthesized was observed to be in spherical shape through SEM micrograph with 164.6 nm in size. IC50 value of 15.90 µg/ml was obtained after 24 h of drug treatment. Changes in ΔΨm and positive active Caspase-3 protein expression were observed.
Conclusion: The present results suggest that MC-AgNP has potential anticancer property and also induced cell death via apoptosis through caspase dependent pathway in MCF-7 cells.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM NANOCRYSTALS CONTAINING P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITORS FOR ENHANCING ORAL DELIVERY
Authors: LABIB SARAH , NASR MOHAMED , NASR MOHAMED 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The main objective of this study was to develop atorvastatin calcium (ATR) as an oral drug delivery system for a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate drug using different pharmaceutical excipients that inhibit P-glycoprotein and evaluate the influence of nanocrystals on the dissolution characteristics and bioavailability compared to the plain drug.
Methods: A nanosuspension was prepared by Solvent-antisolvent precipitation method using a solvent containing stabilizer that act as a p-gp inhibitor dissolved in distilled water as polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 300, PEG 400), tween 20 and tween 80 while the solvent selected for atorvastatin calcium was methanol. The concentrations were as follows: PEG 300 and 400 = 0.25% w/v, tween 20 and 80 = 0.75% v/v. Nanocrystals were extracted from the suspension and characterized.
Results: Particle size of the drug was 1307±127.79 nm while the formulas prepared ranged from 223±17.67 to 887±58.12 nm. Pure ATR had a saturated solubility of 0.059±0.005 mg/ml and the prepared nanocrystals ranged from 0.32±0.021 to 0.88±0.019 mg/ml. The Percentage of drug released of plain atorvastatin calcium reached 41.49% while the formula ranged from 44.32 to 61.5%. Both XRD and SEM discussed the degree of crystallinity as follows: F1<F2<F4<F3<ATR.
Conclusion: 0.3% of PEG 300 and PEG 400 were not enough to formulate proper nanocrystals while 0.75% tween 20 and tween 80 achieved acceptable formulas. F4 which is prepared with tween 80 exhibited the highest enhancement in saturated solubility, dissolution rate and subsequently expected to have improved oral bioavailability.
Efeitos do fitoterápico Phaseolus vulgaris L. sobre a saciedade durante o tratamento da obesidade.
Authors: Nunes Maria Clara Francisco , Ramos Marclênia Eduardo , Parreira Erika Cardoso Abud 
Published: May 2021

A obesidade é um problema mundial de saúde e em consequência houve uma expansão de tratamentos para o mesmo, dentre os quais se destaca o controle da dieta, aliado ao uso de medicamentos fitoterápicos. Foi realizada revisão, em periódicos indexados sobre as propriedades da Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Feijão), objetivando avaliar a sua eficácia sobre a saciedade e consequente perda de peso em indivíduos obesos. Para a composição do estudo, fora realizada consulta aos descritores nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, através da biblioteca virtual Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) e buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e LILACS. A literatura aponta um efeito positivo da substância ativa de Phaseolus vulgaris L. sobre a saciedade e perda de peso. Dessa forma, pode ser considerada um adjuvante ao tratamento da obesidade, porém são necessários novos estudos clínicos a fim de comprovar a sua eficácia.
Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mueller Noel T. , Differding Moira K. , Zhang Mingyu , Maruthur Nisa M. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Miller Edgar R. , Appel Lawrence J. , Yeh Hsin-Chieh 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVETo determine the longer-term effects of metformin treatment and behavioral weight loss on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial. We enrolled overweight/obese adults who had been treated for solid tumors but had no ongoing cancer treatment and randomized them (n = 121) to either 1) metformin (up to 2,000 mg), 2) coach-directed behavioral weight loss, or 3) self-directed care (control) for 12 months. We collected stool and serum at baseline (n = 114), 6 months (n = 109), and 12 months (n = 105). From stool, we extracted microbial DNA and conducted amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. We measured SCFAs and other biochemical parameters from fasting serum.RESULTSOf the 121 participants, 79% were female and 46% were Black, and the mean age was 60 years. Only metformin treatment significantly altered microbiota composition. Compared with control, metformin treatment increased amplicon sequence variants for Escherichia (confirmed as Escherichia coli by metagenomic sequencing) and Ruminococcus torques and decreased Intestinibacter bartlettii at both 6 and 12 months and decreased the genus Roseburia, including R. faecis and R. intestinalis, at 12 months. Effects were similar in comparison of the metformin group with the behavioral weight loss group. Metformin versus control also increased butyrate, acetate, and valerate at 6 months (but not at 12 months). Behavioral weight loss versus control did not significantly alter microbiota composition but did increase acetate at 6 months (but not at 12 months). Increases in acetate were associated with decreases in fasting insulin. Additional whole-genome metagenomic sequencing of a subset of the metformin group showed that metformin altered 62 metagenomic functional pathways, including an acetate-producing pathway and three pathways in glucose metabolism.CONCLUSIONSMetformin, but not behavioral weight loss, impacted gut microbiota composition at 6 months and 12 months. Both metformin and behavioral weight loss altered circulating SCFAs at 6 months, including increasing acetate, which correlated with lower fasting insulin. Future research is needed to elucidate whether the gut microboime mediates or modifies metformin’s health effects.
UNA PROPUESTA IMPRESCINDIBLE PARA LA SEGURIDAD Y DEFENSA DEL ECUADOR
Authors: FUERTES JUAN CARLOS 
Published: May 2021

La degradación social producto de la proliferación de bandas delincuenciales ligadas al narcotráfico y demás delitos conexos, se ha fortalecido con elementos de las disidencias de las FARC y ELN identificados en el país como Grupos Irregulares Armados que operan en la frontera colombo-ecuatoriana. Los incidentes del año 2018 en los cantones de San Lorenzo y Eloy Alfaro (Provincia de Esmeraldas), fueron el anticipo para la elaboración de la nueva Política de Defensa que reconoció la amenaza para el país, con mayor relevancia a los grupos irregulares armados y al crimen transnacional organizado. Con relación a los enfoques de seguridad que mutan en función de la amenaza que se presenta, surge una nueva dimensión que se suma a lo nacional y lo internacional estableciéndose que las inseguridades o amenazas son de carácter multidimensional. Países vecinos como Colombia y Perú, han definido nuevas estrategias para enfrentar estas amenazas híbridas, fortaleciendo las capacidades conjuntas de sus unidades especiales. Es por ello que el presente documento propone la necesidad de crear el Comando de Operaciones Especiales Conjunto en el Comando Conjunto de las FF.AA.
Study of Working Capital Management on Small and Micro Businesses of Cassava-Based Food in Semarang Regency
Authors: Wibowo Bonifatius Junianto , Kurniasari Widuri , Supriyanto Ignatius 
Published: May 2021

This research is conducted to know the condition of small and micro business of cassava –based in Semarang regency related to management of working capital. Samples of this research are ten small and micro business of cassava-based food in that area. That data was obtained with questionnaires, which distributed to those samples. Interview and observation are also used to complete data from questioner. The data are analyzed by descriptive quantitative and quantitative. The result show that they run their business only to get revenue for meeting their basic needs. While, on the working capital management, they focus on finished goods inventory rather than on raw material inventory. The easiness of getting the cassava make them have a few cassava as inventory. They order cassava from nearest supplier for making any kinds of food. Most of working capital is financed by owners equity. Therefore, they do not dependent on creditors. Nevertheless, they have not yet included wages of workers to create net profit. Respectively, inventory conversion period, average collection period, payables deferral period and cash conversion cycle do not influence to return on asset. In the future, they can take loan to finance working capital as long as not more than owner’s equity. They should include wages expense to get profit. More importantly, they must own entrepreneurial spirit in business.