bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide rates and risk factors for suicide among Israeli immigrants from Ethiopia (1985–2017)
Authors: Youngmann Rafael , Zilber Nelly , Haklai Ziona , Goldberger Nehama 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuicide rates among Ethiopian immigrants to Israel (EI) are relatively high. This study sought to identify suicide-risk factors in this population in order to suggest some potentially preventive measures to mental health policymakers who are struggling to prevent suicide among EI.MethodNationwide age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated for EI, Former Soviet Union immigrants (FSUI) and Israeli-born (IB) Jews by age, gender, and year of death and, for EI, by marital status and immigration period in the years 1985–2017 (1990–2017 for FSUI).ResultsAge-adjusted suicide rates for the period 1990–2017 confirmed the significantly higher rate among EI––3.1 times higher than for FSUI and 4.1 times higher than for IB. Similar rates were obtained for both genders, within each age group, and in all study years. Comparable male/female rate ratios were found among EI and IB (3.3, 3.6, respectively). Over the years of the study, only among the Ethiopian immigrants were there large fluctuations in suicide rates: a decrease (1992–2001), followed by an increase (2001–2006), and then a progressive decrease (from 2006). The secular changes differed greatly according to age. Among females, these fluctuations were smaller, the decrease began earlier and was greater, and the subsequent increase was much smaller. Marriage was found to be less protective for Ethiopian immigrants than for the other surveyed populations.ConclusionsThe considerable gap between the EI’s and FSUI’s suicide rates highlights the critical role of immigrants’ integration difficulties. These difficulties among EI lead to ongoing conflict within the family, which may explain why marriage is less protective for EI. Nevertheless, progressive integration is occurring as indicated by the decline in suicide rates since 2006. The fluctuations in EI suicide rates over time seem to be associated with modifications in social welfare allowances, which are crucial for EI of low socioeconomic status. Groups at risk, particularly EI men facing socioeconomic challenges and EI with considerable family conflict, typically identified by HMOs and welfare services, should be screened for suicide risk, and those identified as at risk referred to tailored workshops sensitive to Ethiopian culture.
Theoretical and numerical analysis for transmission dynamics of COVID-19 mathematical model involving Caputo–Fabrizio derivative
Authors: Thabet Sabri T. M. , Abdo Mohammed S. , Shah Kamal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis manuscript is devoted to a study of the existence and uniqueness of solutions to a mathematical model addressing the transmission dynamics of the coronavirus-19 infectious disease (COVID-19). The mentioned model is considered with a nonsingular kernel type derivative given by Caputo–Fabrizo with fractional order. For the required results of the existence and uniqueness of solution to the proposed model, Picard’s iterative method is applied. Furthermore, to investigate approximate solutions to the proposed model, we utilize the Laplace transform and Adomian’s decomposition (LADM). Some graphical presentations are given for different fractional orders for various compartments of the model under consideration.
Caputo SIR model for COVID-19 under optimized fractional order
Authors: Alshomrani Ali S. , Ullah Malik Z. , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEveryone is talking about coronavirus from the last couple of months due to its exponential spread throughout the globe. Lives have become paralyzed, and as many as 180 countries have been so far affected with 928,287 (14 September 2020) deaths within a couple of months. Ironically, 29,185,779 are still active cases. Having seen such a drastic situation, a relatively simple epidemiological SIR model with Caputo derivative is suggested unlike more sophisticated models being proposed nowadays in the current literature. The major aim of the present research study is to look for possibilities and extents to which the SIR model fits the real data for the cases chosen from 1 April to 15 March 2020, Pakistan. To further analyze qualitative behavior of the Caputo SIR model, uniqueness conditions under the Banach contraction principle are discussed and stability analysis with basic reproduction number is investigated using Ulam–Hyers and its generalized version. The best parameters have been obtained via the nonlinear least-squares curve fitting technique. The infectious compartment of the Caputo SIR model fits the real data better than the classical version of the SIR model (Brauer et al. in Mathematical Models in Epidemiology 2019). Average absolute relative error under the Caputo operator is about 48% smaller than the one obtained in the classical case ($\nu =1$ν=1). Time series and 3D contour plots offer social distancing to be the most effective measure to control the epidemic.
Socioeconomic status, well-being and mortality: a comprehensive life course analysis of panel data, Germany, 1984-2016
Authors: Montano Diego 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study seeks to explore potential causal mechanisms involved in the observed associations between several socioeconomic status (SES) indicators, well-being and mortality, by taking a life course perspective focusing on (i) the trajectory of income and domain-specific well-being indicators, (ii) the influence of different SES indicators on well-being and mortality, (iii) the interactions between those trajectories, and (iv) the associations of the income and domain-specific well-being trajectories with all-cause mortality.

Methods
Socioeconomic status is operationalised by net household income, education, employment and marital status. Well-being is measured with two indicators: life satisfaction and satisfaction with health. Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, collected between 1984 and 2016 and comprising more than 55,000 individuals, are analysed by means of longitudinal k-means cluster analysis, simultaneous equation systems and parametric time-to-death regressions.

Results
The analyses indicate the presence of large reciprocal effects of the trajectories of income and well-being on each other. However, the results suggest that well-being has a larger influence on income than the opposite, namely, income on well-being. The mortality analysis, on the other hand, revealed that the history of satisfaction with health is a much stronger predictor of longevity than the individual’s income history. Mortality risk was found lower among married individuals and those with tertiary education. In contrast, unemployment was associated with lower income and well-being levels. The findings provide support to the notion that education is a superior SES indicator than income in the investigation of the social determinants of well-being and mortality.

Conclusion
The present study provides evidence of large reciprocal effects of income and well-being and emphasises the importance of taking a life course approach in the investigation of the social determinants of health. Several SES indicators and both well-being indicators were found to be highly predictive of all-cause mortality and indicate the presence of cumulative effects related to one’s income and well-being trajectories.
Genetic relatedness of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans, chickens and poultry environments
Authors: Aworh Mabel Kamweli , Kwaga Jacob K. P. , Hendriksen Rene S. , Okolocha Emmanuel C. , Thakur Siddhartha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInappropriate use of antimicrobial agents in animal production has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Transmission of AMR foodborne pathogens from reservoirs, particularly chickens to the human population does occur. Recently, we reported that occupational exposure was a risk factor for multidrug-resistant (MDR)Escherichia coli (E. coli)among poultry-workers. Here we determined the prevalence and genetic relatedness among MDRE. coliisolated from poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry environments in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was conducted to address the gaps identified by the Nigerian AMR situation analysis.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among poultry-workers, chickens, and poultry farm/live bird market (LBM) environments. The isolates were tested phenotypically for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, genotypically characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico multilocus sequence types (MLST). We conducted a phylogenetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) analysis to determine relatedness and clonality among the isolates.ResultsA total of 115 (26.8%) out of 429 samples were positive forE. coli.Of these, 110 isolates were viable for phenotypic and genotypic characterization. The selection comprised 47 (42.7%) isolates from poultry-workers, 36 (32.7%) from chickens, and 27 (24.5%) from poultry-farm or LBM environments. Overall, 101 (91.8%) of the isolates were MDR conferring resistance to at least three drug classes.High frequency of resistance was observed for tetracycline (n = 102; 92.7%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 93; 84.5%), streptomycin (n = 87; 79.1%) and ampicillin (n = 88; 80%). Two plasmid-mediated colistin genes—mcr-1.1harboured on IncX4 plasmids were detected in environmental isolates. The most prevalent sequence types (ST) were ST-155 (n = 8), ST-48 (n = 8) and ST-10 (n = 6). Two isolates of human and environmental sources with a SNPs difference of 6161 originating from the same farm shared a novel ST. The isolates had similar AMR genes and plasmid replicons.ConclusionMDRE.coliisolates were prevalent amongst poultry-workers, poultry, and the poultry farm/LBM environment. The emergence of MDRE. coliwith novel ST in two isolates may be plasmid-mediated. Competent authorities should enforce AMR regulations to ensure prudent use of antimicrobials to limit the risk of transmission along the food chain.
Opportunistic bacteria with reduced genomes are effective competitors for organic nitrogen compounds in coastal dinoflagellate blooms
Authors: Han Yu , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Yao , Zhang Fan , He Chen , Liang Xuejiao , Cai Ruanhong , Shi Quan , Tang Kai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Phytoplankton blooms are frequent events in coastal areas and increase the production of organic matter that initially shapes the growth of opportunistic heterotrophic bacteria. However, it is unclear how these opportunists are involved in the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) when blooms occur and the subsequent impacts on biogeochemical cycles.

Results
We used a combination of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches to study bacterial diversity, genome traits, and metabolic responses to assess the source and lability of DOM in a spring coastal bloom of Akashiwo sanguinea. We identified molecules that significantly increased during bloom development, predominantly belonging to amino acids, dipeptides, lipids, nucleotides, and nucleosides. The opportunistic members of the bacterial genera Polaribacter, Lentibacter, and Litoricola represented a significant proportion of the free-living and particle-associated bacterial assemblages during the stationary phase of the bloom. Polaribacter marinivivus, Lentibacter algarum, and Litoricola marina were isolated and their genomes exhibited streamlining characterized by small genome size and low GC content and non-coding densities, as well as a smaller number of transporters and peptidases compared to closely related species. However, the core proteomes identified house-keeping functions, such as various substrate transporters, peptidases, motility, chemotaxis, and antioxidants, in response to bloom-derived DOM. We observed a unique metabolic signature for the three species in the utilization of multiple dissolved organic nitrogen compounds. The metabolomic data showed that amino acids and dipeptides (such as isoleucine and proline) were preferentially taken up by P. marinivivus and L. algarum, whereas nucleotides and nucleosides (such as adenosine and purine) were preferentially selected by L. marina.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the enriched DOM in stationary phase of phytoplankton bloom is a result of ammonium depletion. This environment drives genomic streamlining of opportunistic bacteria to exploit their preferred nitrogen-containing compounds and maintain nutrient cycling.
GLUT5 (SLC2A5) enables fructose-mediated proliferation independent of ketohexokinase
Authors: Liang Roger J. , Taylor Samuel , Nahiyaan Navid , Song Junho , Murphy Charles J. , Dantas Ezequiel , Cheng Shuyuan , Hsu Ting-Wei , Ramsamooj Shakti , Grover Rahul , Hwang Seo-Kyoung , Ngo Bryan , Cantley Lewis C. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Goncalves Marcus D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFructose is an abundant source of carbon and energy for cells to use for metabolism, but only certain cell types use fructose to proliferate. Tumor cells that acquire the ability to metabolize fructose have a fitness advantage over their neighboring cells, but the proteins that mediate fructose metabolism in this context are unknown. Here, we investigated the determinants of fructose-mediated cell proliferation.MethodsLive cell imaging and crystal violet assays were used to characterize the ability of several cell lines (RKO, H508, HepG2, Huh7, HEK293T (293T), A172, U118-MG, U87, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, PC3, DLD1 HCT116, and 22RV1) to proliferate in fructose (i.e., the fructolytic ability). Fructose metabolism gene expression was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot for each cell line. A positive selection approach was used to “train” non-fructolytic PC3 cells to utilize fructose for proliferation. RNA-seq was performed on parental and trained PC3 cells to find key transcripts associated with fructolytic ability. A CRISPR-cas9 plasmid containingKHK-specific sgRNA was transfected in 293T cells to generateKHK-/-cells. Lentiviral transduction was used to overexpress empty vector, KHK, or GLUT5 in cells. Metabolic profiling was done with seahorse metabolic flux analysis as well as LC/MS metabolomics. Cell Titer Glo was used to determine cell sensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose in media containing either fructose or glucose.ResultsWe found that neither the tissue of origin nor expression level of any single gene related to fructose catabolism determine the fructolytic ability. However, cells cultured chronically in fructose can develop fructolytic ability.SLC2A5, encoding the fructose transporter, GLUT5, was specifically upregulated in these cells. Overexpression of GLUT5 in non-fructolytic cells enabled growth in fructose-containing media across cells of different origins. GLUT5 permitted fructose to flux through glycolysis using hexokinase (HK) and not ketohexokinase (KHK).ConclusionsWe show that GLUT5 is a robust and generalizable driver of fructose-dependent cell proliferation. This indicates that fructose uptake is the limiting factor for fructose-mediated cell proliferation. We further demonstrate that cellular proliferation with fructose is independent of KHK.
How to design a national genomic project—a systematic review of active projects
Authors: Kovanda Anja , Zimani Ana Nyasha , Peterlin Borut 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn increasing number of countries are investing efforts to exploit the human genome, in order to improve genetic diagnostics and to pave the way for the integration of precision medicine into health systems. The expected benefits include improved understanding of normal and pathological genomic variation, shorter time-to-diagnosis, cost-effective diagnostics, targeted prevention and treatment, and research advances.We review the 41 currently active individual national projects concerning their aims and scope, the number and age structure of included subjects, funding, data sharing goals and methods, and linkage with biobanks, medical data, and non-medical data (exposome). The main aims of ongoing projects were to determine normal genomic variation (90%), determine pathological genomic variation (rare disease, complex diseases, cancer, etc.) (71%), improve infrastructure (59%), and enable personalized medicine (37%). Numbers of subjects to be sequenced ranges substantially, from a hundred to over a million, representing in some cases a significant portion of the population. Approximately half of the projects report public funding, with the rest having various mixed or private funding arrangements. 90% of projects report data sharing (public, academic, and/or commercial with various levels of access) and plan on linking genomic data and medical data (78%), existing biobanks (44%), and/or non-medical data (24%) as the basis for enabling personal/precision medicine in the future.Our results show substantial diversity in the analysed categories of 41 ongoing national projects. The overview of current designs will hopefully inform national initiatives in designing new genomic projects and contribute to standardisation and international collaboration.
Psychological experiences of healthcare professionals in Sri Lanka during COVID-19
Authors: Perera Bilesha , Wickramarachchi Bimba , Samanmalie Champika , Hettiarachchi Manjula 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The upsurge of COVID-19 has caused numerous psycho-social challenges for healthcare professionals because of its ability to spread rapidly in the community and high mortality rate. The seriousness of the disease has led many healthcare professionals plagued by stigma as well as discrimination. In this study, depressive symptomatology, levels of anxiety, and related psychosocial and occupational factors experienced by healthcare professionals in Sri Lanka during COVID -19 were investigated.

Methods
A total of 512 healthcare professionals were surveyed using an online survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised-10, and psychosocial and occupational factors predictive of depression and anxiety were included in the survey questionnaire. Logistic regression determined the factors associated with the presence of depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Results
Results showed that elevated depressive symptoms and anxiety were experienced by 53.3% and 51.3%, respectively, of the participants. No differences in the prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms and anxiety were found between those who were exposed and non-exposed to COVID-19 confirmed or suspected patients. Having a fear of being infected with COVID-19 and spreading it among family members were associated with increased risk of depression. Among those exposed to COVID-19 confirmed or suspected patients, poor occupational safety (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.25–3.39), stigmatization (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.29–3.72), and heavy workload (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.53–3.92) were associated with increased risk of elevated depressive symptoms, whilst poor self-confidence (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.56–4.09) and heavy workload (OR = 1.94. 95% CI 1.22–3.12) were associated with increased risk of anxiety.

Conclusions
Fear of being infected and distress caused by fear of spreading it among family members, stigmatization, poor self-confidence, poor occupational safety and heavy workload are vital risk factors that need to be considered in future psychological support services designed for the healthcare professionals in unprecedented outbreaks like COVID-19.
Chronically altered NMDAR signaling in epilepsy mediates comorbid depression
Authors: Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Hemmati Sara , Mohammadi Sina , Yousefi-Manesh Hasan , Vafaei Ali , Zare Meysam , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDepression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy. However, the molecular pathways underlying this association remain unclear. The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) may play a role in this association, as its downstream signaling has been shown to undergo long-term changes following excitotoxic neuronal damage. To study this pathway, we used an animal model of fluoxetine-resistant epilepsy-associated depression (EAD). We determined the molecular changes associated with the development of depressive symptoms and examined their response to various combinations of fluoxetine and a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (NI). Depressive symptoms were determined using the forced swim test. Furthermore, expression and phosphorylation levels of markers in the ERK/CREB/ELK1/BDNF/cFOS pathway were measured to determine the molecular changes associated with these symptoms. Finally, oxidative stress markers were measured to more clearly determine the individual contributions of each treatment. While chronic fluoxetine (Flxc) and NI were ineffective alone, their combination had a statistically significant synergistic effect in reducing depressive symptoms. The development of depressive symptoms in epileptic rats was associated with the downregulation of ERK2 expression and ELK1 and CREB phosphorylation. These changes were exactly reversed upon Flxc + NI treatment, which led to increased BDNF and cFOS expression as well. Interestingly, ERK1 did not seem to play a role in these experiments. NI seemed to have augmented Flxc’s antidepressant activity by reducing oxidative stress. Our findings suggest NMDAR signaling alterations are a major contributor to EAD development and a potential target for treating conditions associated with underlying excitotoxic neuronal damage.
Effect of groundwater forced seepage on heat transfer characteristics of borehole heat exchangers
Authors: Ma Jiuchen , Jiang Qian , Zhang Qiuli , Xie Yacheng , Wang Yahui , Yi Feiyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA system of borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) combined with pumping–injection wells is established in areas where the groundwater is shallow and the seepage velocity is weak. The pumping and injection wells are set on both sides of the BHEs. According to the three-dimensional unsteady-state heat transfer model in the aquifer, the convection–dispersion analytical solution of excess temperature is derived that considers groundwater-forced seepage and thermal dispersion effects and axial effect of the BHEs. Then, we use the dimensional analysis method and similarity criteria to build a controllable forced seepage sandbox. The software FEFLOW 7.1 is adopted and the simulation results are validated by the theoretical analysis and the indoor experiment test. On this basis, the numerical simulation is used to explore the influence of different pumping–injection flow volume on the Darcy flow velocity of the aquifer where the BHEs are located, as well as the average heat transfer efficiency and the heat transfer rates with borehole depth. The results show that when the pumping flow volume increases from 200 m3 day−1 to 1200 m3 day−1, the Darcy velocity correspondingly increases to about 10 times. The average heat efficiency coefficient of the BHEs is increased by 11.5% in cooling stage, and by 7.5% in heating stage. When the pumping–injection flow volume is 400–600 m3 day−1, the increment of heat transfer rates of the BHEs reaches 12.8–17.9 W m−1 and 3.6–4.2 W m−1 per unit of borehole depth during the cooling stage and heating stage, respectively, and then decreases as the flow volume increases gradually.