bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Scope Classifications for Predicting the Need for Airway Intervention in Acute Supraglottitis
Authors: Nonomura Machi , Yoshizawa Akira , Mizuta Masanobu , Sato Shin-ichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Acute supraglottitis (AS) can cause airway obstruction, sometimes necessitating airway intervention. Some scope classifications were developed to predict the need for airway intervention in patients with AS; however, the most suitable classification for predicting the need for airway intervention remains unclear.
Objective This study was performed to validate and compare the usefulness of three scope classifications (Katori's, Tanaka's, and Ovnat-Tamir's classifications) for predicting the need for airway intervention in patients with AS.
Materials and Methods We recruited 75 patients (44 males and 31 females aged 20–94 years) with AS who visited Kurashiki Central Hospital between January 2015 and September 2019. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the scope classifications for predicting the need for airway intervention were measured.
Results Of the 75 patients, airway intervention was needed in 23 patients. The AUC was 0.818 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.715–0.922) for Katori's classification, 0.803 (95% CI: 0.699–0.907) for Tanaka's classification, and 0.814 (95% CI: 0.705–0.922) for Ovnat-Tamir's classification.
Conclusion Although all three classifications appeared to be useful, the AUC tended to be the highest for Katori's classification.
Designing angle-independent structural colors using Monte Carlo simulations of multiple scattering
Authors: Hwang Victoria , Stephenson Anna B. , Barkley Solomon , Brandt Soeren , Xiao Ming , Aizenberg Joanna , Manoharan Vinothan N. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Structural color comes from interference of light scattered from a nanostructure. Disordered nanostructures have structural colors that are independent of viewing angle, similar to dyed materials. Unlike dyes, structural colors resist fading and can be broadly tuned, making them useful for many applications. However, making a nanostructure with a given color is challenging because there are so many tunable parameters. Furthermore, applications such as cosmetics or displays require specific component materials. To solve this design problem, we develop a model that quantitatively predicts the color for given experimental parameters. We then use optimization to determine the parameters required to make a target color under specific constraints. This approach makes it possible to engineer structural color for many different applications.
Efficacy of Two-Way Prayer Meditation in Improving the Psychospiritual Well-Being of People with Substance use Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hai Audrey Hang , Wigmore Bill , Franklin Cynthia , Shorkey Clayton , von Sternberg Kirk , Cole Allan Hugh , DiNitto Diana M. 
Published: January 2021

Background The study goal was to conduct a preliminary evaluation of a spiritual intervention called Two Way Prayer Meditation's (TWPM) effectiveness on the psychological distress, self-esteem, and spiritual well-being of people with substance use disorders. Methods This study employed a randomized controlled trial design with pretest and posttest. In total, 134 adults in four residential recovery programs participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either the TWPM group or the treatment as usual group. Primary and sensitivity analyses were conducted using linear mixed modeling. Hedges's g was used to estimate treatment effect sizes. Results Both primary and sensitivity analyses found significant treatment effects on daily spiritual experiences (Hedges's g = 0.62), reliance on God ( g = 0.49), private religious practice ( g = 0.36), and positive religious/spiritual coping ( g = 0.68). Treatment effects on psychological distress ( g = 0.33), self-esteem ( g = 0.41), and overall spirituality self-ranking ( g = 0.32) reached significance in the primary analysis but not in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions This study found evidence of TWPM's effectiveness in improving some aspects of the spiritual well-being of adults with substance use disorders. TWPM was also found to be promising in decreasing psychological distress and increasing self-esteem.
On the thermodynamics of the Hayward black hole
Authors: Molina Martín , Villanueva J R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In light of the growing interest in the Hayward black hole solution, a detailed study on the corresponding lapse function and its roots is presented. The lapse function is expressed in terms of the classical Schwarzschild radius r
s and the Hayward’s parameter l. Both of these quantities are used as thermodynamic variables to find related thermodynamic quantities. In this context, the variable l is associated with a canonical conjugate variable

F

H

, and a free energy Ξ. Moreover, a second order phase transition is found to appears at l ≈ 0.333r
s.
Quantum black hole spectroscopy: probing the quantum nature of the black hole area using LIGO–Virgo ringdown detections
Authors: Laghi Danny , Carullo Gregorio , Veitch John , Del Pozzo Walter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We present a thorough observational investigation of the heuristic quantised ringdown model presented by Foit and Kleban (2019 Class. Quantum Grav.
36 035006). This model is based on the Bekenstein–Mukhanov conjecture, stating that the area of a black hole (BH) horizon is an integer multiple of the Planck area

l

P

2

multiplied by a phenomenological constant, α, which can be viewed as an additional BH intrinsic parameter. Our approach is based on a time-domain analysis of the gravitational wave (GW) signals produced by the ringdown phase of binary BH mergers detected by the LIGO and Virgo collaboration. Employing a full Bayesian formalism and taking into account the complete correlation structure among the BH parameters, we show that the value of α cannot be constrained using only GW150914, in contrast to what was suggested by Foit and Kleban (2019 Class. Quantum Grav.
36 035006). We proceed to repeat the same analysis on the new GW events detected by the LIGO and Virgo Collaboration up to 1 October 2019, obtaining a combined-event measure equal to

α
=
15
.

6

−
13.3

+
20.5

and a combined log odds ratio of 0.1 ± 0.6, implying that current data are not informative enough to favor or discard this model against general relativity. We then show that using a population of

O

(

20

)

GW150914-like simulated events—detected by the current infrastructure of ground-based detectors at their design sensitivity—it is possible to confidently falsify the quantised model or prove its validity, in which case probing α at the few % level. Finally we classify the stealth biases that may show up in a population study.
Ultrabroadband compact lens antenna with high performance based on a transmission gradient index medium
Authors: Chen Jin , Chu Hongchen , Huang Yixing , Lai Yun , Liu Zhanwei , Chen Mingji , Fang Daining 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A gradient refractive index design strategy is proposed for a flat lens, which can transform a wavefront by rectifying the local transmission phase. The designed lens is composed of two types of low-loss dielectrics with subwavelength gradient periodic structure and manufactured by 3D printing and computer controlled machining. The measured results of the near and far field agree well with those of theoretical predictions and numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that this light-weight, low cost, compact lens antenna is highly directive (side lobes below −10 dB) and the incident plane waves are focused well with high focusing efficiency (above 80%) over an ultrabroadband frequency range with a bandwidth ratio of 138% (4–22 GHz). The demonstrated flat lens provides an alternative strategy for microwave communication, detection, and imaging applications.
Electronic properties of donor:acceptor complexes in all-polymer solar cells based on density functional theory
Authors: Shen Pengchao , Wang Haiyan , Liao Peishan , Wang Lilong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The electronic properties at the donor (D):acceptor (A) interface are a crucial factor in determining the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices. Here, based on first-principles calculations, the electronic properties of ten configuration complexes composed of D polymer PDPPTPT and A polymer PNDI2OD-TVT were simulated. Results show that the bandgap values of the homo-/heterojunctions decrease with the increase of the number of molecular layers, and that of AAA is close to zero. This indicates that the homogeneous stacking is favorable for charge transport; furthermore, the bandgap of the complexes is affected by the molecular arrangement. Through the differential charge density and Bader charge analysis method, it was found that charge transfer will occur intermolecularly, which promotes the formation of a dipole moment at the D:A interface, and the dipole electric field then helps the dissociation of excitons in the active layer. The amount of charge transfer at the D:A interface in the DDA, DAA and DDAA configurations is about twice that in the DA configuration alone, demonstrating that homogeneous accumulation in complexes can enhance the interface dipole interaction. The comprehensive analysis suggests that homogeneous accumulation is conducive to charge transport, that heterogeneous stacking helps to promote exciton dissociation, and that there should be an optimal ratio. Furthermore, the dipole electric fields formed at the D:A interface exhibit the characteristics of local and non-uniform distribution.
An evidence of triple kinetic freezeout scenario observed in all centrality intervals in Cu–Cu, Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at high energies
Authors: Waqas M , Peng G X , Liu Fu-Hu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Transverse momentum spectra of π
+, K
+, p,

K

S

0

, Λ, Ξ or

Ξ

̄

+

and Ω or

Ω

̄

+

or

Ω
+

Ω

̄

in copper–copper (Cu–Cu), gold–gold (Au–Au) and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV and 2.76 TeV respectively, are analyzed in different centrality bins by the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. Kinetic freeze out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are extracted from the transverse momentum spectra of the particles. It is observed that

Ξ

̄

+

and Ω or

Ω

̄

+

or

Ω
+

Ω

̄

have larger kinetic freezeout temperature followed by K
+,

K

S

0

and Λ than π
+ and p due to smaller reaction cross-sections of multi-strange and strange particles than non-strange particles. The present work reveals the scenario of triple kinetic freezeout in collisions at BRAHMS, STAR and ALICE Collaborations, however the transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are mass dependent and they decrease with the increasing rest mass of the particle. In addition, the kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume are decreasing from central to peripheral collisions while the parameter q increase from central to peripheral collisions, indicating the approach of quick equilibrium in the central collisions. Besides, the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume are observed to be larger in larger collision system which shows its dependence on the size of the interacting system, while transverse flow velocity increase with increasing energy.
Rotational bands beyond the Elliott model
Authors: Zbikowski Ryan , Johnson Calvin W , McCoy Anna E , Caprio Mark A , Fasano Patrick J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rotational bands are commonplace in the spectra of atomic nuclei. Inspired by early descriptions of these bands by quadrupole deformations of a liquid drop, Elliott constructed discrete nucleon representations of SU(3) from fermionic creation and annihilation operators. Ever since, Elliott’s model has been foundational to descriptions of rotation in nuclei. Later work, however, suggested the symplectic extension Sp(3, R) provides a more unified picture. We decompose no-core shell-model nuclear wave functions into symmetry-defined subspaces for several beryllium isotopes, as well as 20Ne, using the quadratic Casimirs of both Elliott’s SU(3) and Sp(3, R). The band structure, delineated by strong B(E2) values, has a more consistent description in Sp(3, R) rather than SU(3). In particular, we confirm previous work finding in some nuclides strongly connected upper and lower bands with the same underlying symplectic structure.
Excitations of atomic vibrations in amorphous solids
Authors: Wan Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study excitations of atomic vibrations in the reciprocal space for amorphous solids. There are two kinds of excitations we obtained, collective excitation and local excitation. The collective excitation is the collective vibration of atoms in the amorphous solids while the local excitation is stimulated locally by a single atom vibrating in the solids. We introduce a continuous wave vector for the study and transform the equations of atomic vibrations from the real space to the reciprocal space. We take the amorphous silicon as an example and calculate the structures of the excitations in the reciprocal space. Results show that an excitation is a wave packet composed of a collection of plane waves. We also find a periodical structure in the reciprocal space for the collective excitation with longitudinal vibrations, which is originated from the local order of the structure in the real space of the amorphous solid. For the local excitation, the wave vector is complex. The imaginary part of the wave vector is inversed to evaluate the decaying length of the local excitation. It is found that the decaying length is larger for the local excitation with a higher vibration frequency.
First-principles studies of the strain-induced band-gap tuning in black phosphorene
Authors: Galicia Hernandez Jose Mario , Sanchez Jonathan Guerrero , Fernandez Escamilla Hector Noe , Cocoletzi Gregorio Hernandez , Takeuchi Noboru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we have studied the band-gap modulation as function of applied strain in black phosphorene (BP). Dynamical stability has been assessed as well. Three cases have been considered, in the first and second, the strain was applied uniaxially, in the x- and y-axis, separately. In the third, an isotropic in-plane strain was analyzed. Different strain percentages have been considered, ranging from 4% to 20%. The evolution of the band-gap is studied by using standard DFT and the G0W0 approach. The band-gap increases for small strains but then decreases for higher strains. A change in electronic behavior also takes place: the strained systems change from direct to indirect band-gap semiconductor, which is explained in terms of the s and p-orbitals overlap. Our study shows that BP is a system with a broad range of applications: in band-gap engineering, or as part of van der Waals heterostructures with materials of larger lattice parameters. Its stability, and direct band-gap behavior are not affected for less than 16% of uniaxial and biaxial strain. Our findings show that phosphorene could be deposited in a large number of substrates without losing its semiconductor behavior.
One-dimensional spin–orbit coupled Dirac system with extended s-wave superconductivity: Majorana modes and Josephson effects
Authors: Udupa Adithi , Banerjee Abhishek , Sengupta K , Sen Diptiman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the spin–momentum locking of electrons at the boundaries of certain topological insulators, we study a one-dimensional system of spin–orbit coupled massless Dirac electrons with s-wave superconducting pairing. As a result of the spin–orbit coupling, our model has only two kinds of linearly dispersing modes, and we take these to be right-moving spin-up and left-moving spin-down. Both lattice and continuum models are studied. In the lattice model, we find that a single Majorana zero energy mode appears at each end of a finite system provided that the s-wave pairing has an extended form, with the nearest-neighbor pairing being larger than the on-site pairing. We confirm this both numerically and analytically by calculating the winding number. We find that the continuum model also has zero energy end modes. Next we study a lattice version of a model with both Schrödinger and Dirac-like terms and find that the model hosts a topological transition between topologically trivial and non-trivial phases depending on the relative strength of the Schrödinger and Dirac terms. We then study a continuum system consisting of two s-wave superconductors with different phases of the pairing, with a δ-function potential barrier lying at the junction of the two superconductors. Remarkably, we find that the system has a single Andreev bound state (ABS) which is localized at the junction. When the pairing phase difference crosses a multiple of 2π, an ABS touches the top of the superconducting gap and disappears, and a different state appears from the bottom of the gap. We also study the AC Josephson effect in such a junction with a voltage bias that has both a constant V
0 and a term which oscillates with a frequency ω. We find that, in contrast to standard Josephson junctions, Shapiro plateaus appear when the Josephson frequency ω
J = 2eV
0/ℏ is a rational fraction of ω. We discuss experiments which can realize such junctions.
Evolution of Griffiths phase and critical behaviour of La1-xPbxMnO3±ysolid solutions
Authors: Ghorai Sagar , Ivanov Sergey A , Skini Ridha , Svedlindh Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolycrystalline La1-xPbxMnO3±y(x= 0.3, 0.35, 0.4) solid solutions were prepared by solid state reaction method and their magnetic properties have been investigated. Rietveld refinement of x-ray powder diffraction patterns showed that all samples are single phase and crystallized with the rhombohedral structure in theR-3cspace group. A second order paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition was observed for all materials. The Griffiths phase (GP), identified from the temperature dependence of the inverse susceptibility, was suppressed by increasing magnetic field and showed a significant dependence on A-site chemical substitution. The critical behaviour of the compounds was investigated near to their Curie temperatures, using intrinsic magnetic field data. The critical exponents (β,γandδ) are close to the mean-field approximation values for all three compounds. The observed mean-field like behaviour is a consequence of the GP and the formation of FM clusters. Long-range FM order is established as the result of long-range interactions between FM clusters. The magnetocaloric effect was studied in terms of the isothermal entropy change. Our study shows that the material with the lowest chemical substitution (x= 0.3) has the highest potential (among the three compounds) as magnetic refrigerant, owing to its higher relative cooling power (258 J kg−1at 5 T field) and a magnetic phase transition near room temperature.
On-line angle self-correction strategy based on a cobweb-structured grating scale
Authors: Zhao Guobo , Ye Guoyong , Wu Zeze , Xing Hongwen , Liu Siren , Fan Xiaojun , Li Yingjiang , Wei Pingping , Liu Hongzhong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Installation eccentricity of the grating scale is the main source of error for rotary optical encoders in practical applications. In this paper, an on-line angle self-correction strategy for rotary optical encoders is proposed. Firstly, the eccentricity error model is described, which explains the numerical relationship between the eccentricity error and the eccentric parameters including eccentric distance and eccentric angle. Then, a bioinspired cobweb-structured grating scale is adopted as the measurement standard of the rotary optical encoder. This grating scale allows the rotary optical encoder to sense the rotary angle and the radial displacement simultaneously. The eccentric parameters can be determined in real time from the rotary angle and the radial displacement information. Thus, the measured rotary angle can be on-line corrected by applying the eccentric parameters to the eccentricity error model. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy have been confirmed from the experimental results.
Tire defect classification using a deep convolutional sparse-coding network
Authors: Zheng Zhouzhou , Shen Jinyue , Shao Yuyi , Zhang Jie , Tian Chengliang , Yu Bin , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Automatic quality control has garnered great interest from academia and industry in recent decades. Tire defect detection and classification are critical research topics for driving safety and improving yields. In this work, a novel deep convolutional sparse-coding network (DCScNet) is built for tire defect classification. In DCScNet, sparse coding is utilized to replace the convolution kernel of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the extraction of features. Compared with CNN, it requires unsupervised training, reduces the subjectivity of artificially defined labels, and achieves higher classification accuracy. The experimental results validate its superior classification performance, compared with state-of-the-art classification algorithms. The classification accuracy reaches 96.8%, which meets industrial requirements.
Analysis of strain sensitivity under flexural load of 3D printed carbon nanotube-doped epoxy circuits
Authors: Manzano-Santamaría J , Sánchez M , Sánchez-Romate X F , Rams J , Ureña A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 3D printing system able to print circuits of conductive epoxy resin doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed. Different simple circuits, more specifically lines and strain gauge patterns, made of resins reinforced with 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 wt% of CNTs were printed on the surface of glass fiber laminates. It was observed that increasing the CNT content reduced the wettability of the printed circuits on the glass fiber substrate. In every case the contact angle was far below 90°. Furthermore, the strain sensing capabilities were analyzed under a flexural load. The results showed that the sensitivity increased with CNT content (with gauge factor values from 1.5 to 2.5) as a result of the prevalent effect of well-dispersed areas due to a reduction in the tunneling distance. On the other hand, the strain gauges showed a lower sensitivity (around 20%–40% less, depending on the condition) compared with line circuits due to localized compressive effects. Furthermore, good repeatability of the strain sensors was proved during cycling tests, with similar baseline and peak values for the electrical resistance in each cycle. Therefore, the proposed materials have a high potential for applications in structural health monitoring.
Epitope recognition of magnetic peptide-imprinted chitosan composite nanoparticles for the extraction of CRISPR/dCas9a proteins from transfected cells
Authors: Lee Mei-Hwa , Lin Cheng-Chih , Thomas James L , Chan Chih-Kai , Lin Hung-Yin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas9) technology is a powerful method for genetic modification (and regulation) that is of great current interest. The development of new, economical methods of detecting and extracting Cas9 (and/or dCas9) from transfected cells is thus an important advance. In this work, we employed molecular imprinting, using two peptides from the Cas9 protein, to make magnetic peptide-imprinted chitosan nanoparticles. dCas9 was encoded in a plasmid which was then transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. The expression of dCas9 protein was measured by using total protein kits. Finally, the imprinted nanoparticles were used to extract dCas9 from transfected cell homogenates.