bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust reliableH∞optimization control for uncertain discrete‐time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Sun Shaoxin , Zhang Huaguang , Su Hanguang , Liang Yuling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, the problems of robust reliableH∞optimization control for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with or without time‐delay subject to faults are investigated. A static state feedback controller is explored for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems against nonlinear dynamics, exogenous disturbances, and model uncertainties. In contrast to the design of conventional controllers, the proposed controller is easier and more flexible. The Lyapunov function is utilized to assure the stability of the closed‐loop systems. Besides, linear matrix inequalities are utilized to derive the sufficient conditions by MATLAB toolbox. Finally, two simulation examples are shown to validate the feasibility of the suggested approach.
Velocity‐free fixed‐time attitude cooperative control for spacecraft formations under directed graphs
Authors: Hu Dayong , Zhang Shijie , Zou An‐Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of velocity‐free fixed‐time attitude cooperative control for multiple spacecraft under directed communication graphs and in the presence of bounded disturbances. A distributed fixed‐time state observer is designed to estimate the leader's attitude states and a fixed‐time extended‐state observer is presented to obtain accurate estimates of both unmeasurable angular velocities and bounded disturbances. By use of the fixed‐time observers, a distributed fixed‐time attitude cooperative control scheme is proposed to make the states of all spacecraft simultaneously track a time‐varying reference attitude even when the reference attitude is available only to a subset of the group members. Homogeneous Lyapunov function and homogeneity property are applied to demonstrate that the control scheme can guarantee the attitude tracking errors converging to the neighborhood of the origin in fixed time which is independent of initial conditions. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the control law derived here.
Recent Applications of Asymmetric Organocatalytic Methods in Total Synthesis
Authors: Parella Ramarao , Jakkampudi Satish , Zhao John C.‐G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNatural products are the great sources of drugs and leading compounds in drug discovery, as it has been estimated that most of the current medicines are derived from natural products. Total synthesis of natural products, especially those of biological activities, has been an important part of organic chemistry, which, besides its potential practical utilities, also provides new inspirations and novel synthetic methodologies. Over the past two decades, organocatalysis has been shown to be very effective in controlling the stereochemistry of the reaction products and has found many applications in the asymmetric synthesis of natural products and related compounds. In this review we will attempt to summarize some applications of asymmetric organocatalysis in the total synthesis of natural products and related compounds in the past seven years.
Synthesis of 3‐Indole Substituted Sulfonyl 4H‐Chromenes Using Recyclable Cyclometrix Polyphosphazene‐Base Catalysts
Authors: Reddy Sirigireddy Sudharsan , Varyambath Anuraj , Kalla Reddi Mohan Naidu , Song Wenliang , Kim Il 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn order to build a library of 3‐indole substituted sulfonyl 4H‐chromenes in green protocol the three‐component one‐pot coupling reactions of substituted salicylaldehydes, sulfonyl acetonitriles and indoles have been performed using recyclable and metal‐free heterogeneous base catalysts. The highly cross‐linked cyclometrix polyphosphazenes (cPOPs) synthesized via a single‐step precipitation polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 4,4’‐oxydianiline or 3,3’‐diaminobenzidine without using any other additives or surfactants were used as catalysts considering the resultant cPOPs intrinsically bear multiple amine moieties on their surface. The resultant cPOP microspheres showed excellent catalytic activity for variety of substrates at mild reaction conditions using a minimum amount of non‐hazardous solvent. No laborious product workup and purification procedures were needed and the cPOPs catalysts were recyclable up to six cycles without leeching and deactivation, satisfying green chemistry principles.
Genome‐wide association mapping identifies novel loci underlying fire blight resistance in apple
Authors: Thapa Ranjita , Singh Jugpreet , Gutierrez Benjamin , Arro Jie , Khan Awais 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFire blight, caused by epiphytotic gram‐negative bacteria Erwinia amylovora, is the most destructive bacterial disease of apple (Malus spp.). Genetic mechanisms of fire blight resistance have mainly been studied using traditional biparental quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches. Here, we use large‐scale historic shoot and blossom fire blight data collected over multiple years and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) markers to identify significant marker–trait associations in a diverse set of 566 apple [Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.] accessions. There was large variation in fire blight resistance and susceptibility in these accessions. We identified 23 and 38 QTL significantly (p < .001) associated with shoot and blossom blight resistance, respectively. The QTL are distributed across all 17 chromosomes of apple. Four shoot blight and 19 blossom blight QTL identified in this study colocalized with previously identified QTL associated with resistance to fire blight or apple scab. Using transcriptomics data of two apple cultivars with contrasting fire blight responses, we also identified candidate genes for fire blight resistance that are differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible cultivars and located within QTL intervals for fire blight resistance. However, further experiments are needed to confirm and validate these marker–trait associations and develop diagnostic markers before use in marker‐assisted breeding to develop apple cultivars with decreased fire blight susceptibility.
Major zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Sukanta , Aleem Mohammad A. , Khan Md Shafiqul I. , Hossain Mohammad Enayet , Ghosh Sumon , Rahman Mohammed Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractZoonotic diseases cause repeated outbreaks in humans globally. The majority of emerging infections in humans are zoonotic. COVID‐19 is an ideal example of a recently identified emerging zoonotic disease, causing a global pandemic. Anthropogenic factors such as modernisation of agriculture and livestock farming, wildlife hunting, the destruction of wild animal habitats, mixing wild and domestic animals, wildlife trading, changing food habits and urbanisation could drive the emergence of zoonotic diseases in humans. Since 2001, Bangladesh has been reporting many emerging zoonotic disease outbreaks such as nipah, highly pathogenic avian influenza, pandemic H1N1, and COVID‐19. There are many other potential zoonotic pathogens such as Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Kyasanur forest disease virus and Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever that may emerge in the future. However, we have a limited understanding of zoonotic diseases’ overall risk in humans and associated factors that drive the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. This narrative review summarised the major emerging, re‐emerging, neglected and other potential zoonotic diseases in Bangladesh and their associated risk factors. Nipah virus and Bacillus anthracis caused repeated outbreaks in humans. More than 300 human cases with Nipah virus infection were reported since the first outbreak in 2001. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) caused more than 550 outbreaks in poultry, and eight human cases were reported so far since 2007. People of Bangladesh are frequently exposed to zoonotic pathogens due to close interaction with domestic and peri‐domestic animals. The rapidly changing intensified animal–human–ecosystem interfaces and risky practices increase the risk of zoonotic disease transmission. The narrative review's findings are useful to draw attention to the risk and emergence of zoonotic diseases to public health policymakers in Bangladesh and the application of one‐health approach to address this public health threat.
Impact of fatty degeneration on the functional outcomes of 38 patients undergoing surgical repair of gluteal tendon tears
Authors: Maslaris Alexander , Vail Thomas P. , Zhang Alan L. , Patel Rina , Bini Stefano A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Gluteal tendon tears (GTT) can cause pain and weakness of the hip. We analyze the impact of gluteal muscle fatty degeneration, atrophy and tear morphology on clinical outcomes of surgical repair.

Methods
All sequential patients receiving surgical repair of GTTs via anchor sutures between 1/2015 and 11/2018 were retrospectively identified. MRIs were reviewed by a radiologist for tendon retraction, muscle atrophy and tear size. The Goutallier-Fuchs Classification (GFC) was used to quantify fatty degeneration as < 2° or ≥ 2°. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from the electronic records. The surveys HHS Section 1 and HOOS Jr. were obtained at last follow-up. The Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA tests served for statistical analysis of clinical variance.

Results
38 patients were identified, 29 (76.3%) were female. The average age was 67. Of the 11 (28.9%) patients with a prior hip arthroplasty 87.5% of primary THAs had a direct lateral approach. 29 (76.3%) patients were treated open and 9 (23.7%) arthroscopically. At an average follow-up of 20.9 months, patients reported a significant improvement in pain (97%), analgesic use (85.7%), limp (52.6%) and abduction strength (54.2%) (all: P ≤ 0.01). GFC ≥ 2° were associated with significantly worse outcomes in terms of limp (0.19/3 vs. 1.2/3, P = 0.05), HHS-S1 (58.19 vs. 71.68, P = 0.04) and complication rates (37.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). There was a strong correlation between tear retraction (P = 0.005), tear size (P = 0.009) and muscle atrophy (P = 0.001) with GFC ≥ 2° but not with clinical outcomes. GFC ≥ 2° was strongly related to lateral THA exposures (P < 0.001). Surgical approach had no impact on clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
While fatty degeneration can negatively impact functional outcomes, pain relief is reliably achieved. Tear morphology and muscle atrophy did not correlate with outcomes in this patient cohort. Patients should be counseled to expect a residual limp after surgery if they have GFC ≥ 2° on MRI.
Mechanical stress and deformation in the rotors of a high-speed PMSM and IM
Authors: Gerlach Martin Enno , Zajonc Maximilian , Ponick Bernd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh-speed electric machines are gaining importance in the field of traction drives and aviation due to their high power density. The evaluation of the mechanical stress in the rotor is one crucial part in the design process for this type of machines. The mechanical stress cannot be measured directly. Accordingly, a validation of the calculated mechanical stress is difficult and normally not performed. Instead of the mechanical stress, the deformation at the rotor surface can be measured using a spin test machine with distance sensors. The deformation can then be used to validate the calculation results.In this paper, the mechanical load exerted on an IM rotor for a$60\,\text{kW}/20000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$60kW/200001minhigh-speed electric machine and an PMSM rotor for a$75~\text{kW}/25000\,\frac{1}{\text{min}}$75kW/250001minhigh-speed electric machine is analysed in detail. The mechanical stress and the deformation are calculated and analysed using a FEM simulation model. Then, a spin test is performed on the two rotors. First, the burst speed is determined by operating two rotor samples above their defined test speed. Then, the deformation is measured at the rotor surface for different operating speeds and the defined test speed. The measurement and the simulation results are compared and discussed.It can be shown that the two designs do not exceed the maximum mechanical stress for the defined operating range. In the deformation measurement of the IM rotor, a plastic deformation up to$\varepsilon _{\text{IM, pl}} = 8$εIM, pl=8 μm and elastic deformation up to$\varepsilon _{\text{IM, el}}=22$εIM, el=22 μm can be seen. In regards to plastics, PMSM rotor expands up to$\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, pl}}= 5$εPMSM, pl=5 μm. The maximum elastic deformation of the PMSM rotor is$\varepsilon _{\text{PMSM, el}}=40$εPMSM, el=40 μm. The comparison of the calculated and the measured elastic deformation shows good accordance for the two rotor types. Both models are capable of describing the deformation and the state of stress in the rotors. In burst tests, both rotors withstand rotational speeds far above the defined test speed.
Holistic Assessment of Biochar and Brown Coal Waste as Organic Amendments in Sustainable Environmental and Agricultural Applications
Authors: Amoah-Antwi Collins , Kwiatkowska-Malina Jolanta , Fenton Owen , Szara Ewa , Thornton Steven F. , Malina Grzegorz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic amendments can improve soil quality which has knock-on environmental and agronomic benefits. However, the use of new and emerging organic amendments such as biochar and brown coal waste (BCW) in soil systems requires continuous holistic assessments for robust consensus building in their environmental and agricultural applications. To examine the application of BCW and woodchip biochar (BIO) in agroecosystems, secondary data from literature on environmental (soil, air and water) aspects were compiled with primary agronomic data from a 3-year multicropping field trial and collated with supplementary data on economic factors (e.g. cost and availability). For the field trial, replicated plots were amended with FYM (for comparative reasons), BCW and BIO at 30, 24.2 and 12.8 for t ha–1, respectively, with and without NPK and cultivated in a cropping sequence of maize, potato and barley. At the end of each season, soils were characterised for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fertility (macronutrient contents) in addition to nutrient uptake, nutritional quality and yield of crops. Compared with FYM, biochar and BCW were found to be associated with greater improvements in soil quality (e.g. building of soil structure and C sequestration) and knock-on water and air quality benefits mainly facilitated via increased cation retention and humic-linked sorption which abated gaseous emission and mitigated nutrient and heavy metal leaching. These along with variable improvements in soil chemistry, fertility and nutrient uptake in the agronomic field trial accounted for increased mean crop yield across treatments (higher with NPK): FYM (32.7 and 71.7%), BCW (33.5 and 60.1%) and BIO (21.8 and 48.2%). Additionally, biochar and BCW have lower pollutant (e.g. heavy metals) contents and were found to provide additional sustainability and net abatement cost-benefits. While the agronomic benefits of biochar and BCW were slightly lower compared with that of FYM, their lower environmental footprints and associated sustainability benefits are clear advantages for their adoption in environmental and agricultural applications.
SEOM clinical guideline for the management of cutaneous melanoma (2020)
Authors: Majem M. , Manzano J. L. , Marquez-Rodas I. , Mujika K. , Muñoz-Couselo E. , Pérez-Ruiz E. , de la Cruz-Merino L. , Espinosa E. , Gonzalez-Cao M. , Berrocal A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMelanoma affects about 6000 patients a year in Spain. A group of medical oncologists from Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) and Spanish Multidisciplinary Melanoma Group (GEM) has designed these guidelines to homogenize the management of these patients. The diagnosis must be histological and determination of BRAF status has to be performed in patients with stage ≥ III. Stage I–III resectable melanomas will be treated surgically. In patients with stage III melanoma, adjuvant treatment with immunotherapy or targeted therapy is also recommended. Patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma will receive treatment with immunotherapy or targeted therapy, the optimal sequence of these treatments remains unclear. Brain metastases require a separate consideration, since, in addition to systemic treatment, they may require local treatment. Patients must be followed up closely to receive or change treatment as soon as their previous clinical condition changes, since multiple therapeutic options are available.
Mechanical performance of lightweight ceramic structures via binder jetting of microspheres
Authors: Mummareddy Bhargavi , Burden Edward , Carrillo J. G. , Myers Kyle , MacDonald Eric , Cortes Pedro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGeometrically-complex and lightweight ceramic parts manufactured via 3D printing are prospective structures that seem to provide excellent thermal, wear and dielectric performance. In the present work, binder jetted parts based on synthetic lightweight ceramic hollow microspheres were manufactured and evaluated under different testing conditions in order to characterize their mechanical performance. The resulting structures were assessed in terms of quasi-static flexural and compressive strength, and density. Furthermore, microscopy analyses highlighted the composition of the final structures and fracture mechanisms. The printed system mainly consisted of aluminum silicon dioxide, fly ash and traces of metal. The samples yielded similar strength as that achieved on conventional bulk-based 3D printed ceramic structures. It was observed that the strength of the printed microspheres increased by sintering the parts to near-fusion temperatures due to viscous flow of material during sintering. The combination of the proposed process and feedstock represents an attractive manufacturing method for fabricating lightweight structures for applications like composite tooling molds, electromagnetic devices, and biomedical implants.
Trilineage Sequencing Reveals Complex TCRβ Transcriptomes in Neutrophils and Monocytes Alongside T Cells
Authors: Fuchs Tina , Puellmann Kerstin , Wang Chunlin , Han Jian , Beham Alexander W. , Neumaier Michael , Kaminski Wolfgang E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recent findings indicate the presence of T cell receptor (TCR)-based combinatorial immune receptors beyond T cells in neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. In this study, using a semiquantitative trilineage immune repertoire sequencing approach as well as under rigorous bioinformatic conditions, we identify highly complex TCRβ transcriptomes in human circulating monocytes and neutrophils that separately encode repertoire diversities one and two orders of magnitude smaller than that of T cells. Intraindividual transcriptomic analyses reveal that neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells express distinct TCRβ repertoires with less than 0.1% overall trilineage repertoire sharing. Interindividual comparison shows that in all three leukocyte lineages, the vast majority of the expressed TCRβ variants are private. We also find that differentiation of monocytes into macrophages induces dramatic individual-specific repertoire shifts, revealing a surprising degree of immune repertoire plasticity in the monocyte lineage. These results uncover the remarkable complexity of the two phagocyte-based flexible immune systems which until now has been hidden in the shadow of T cells.
rMVP: A Memory-Efficient, Visualization-Enhanced, and Parallel-Accelerated Tool for Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Yin Lilin , Zhang Haohao , Tang Zhenshuang , Xu Jingya , Yin Dong , Zhang Zhiwu , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhu Mengjin , Zhao Shuhong , Li Xinyun , Liu Xiaolei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Along with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, both sample size and SNP number are increasing rapidly in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and the associated computation is more challenging than ever. Here, we present a memory-efficient, visualization-enhanced, and parallel-accelerated R package called “rMVP” to address the need for improved GWAS computation. rMVP can 1) effectively process large GWAS data, 2) rapidly evaluate population structure, 3) efficiently estimate variance components by Efficient Mixed-Model Association eXpedited (EMMAX), Factored Spectrally Transformed Linear Mixed Models (FaST-LMM), and Haseman-Elston (HE) regression algorithms, 4) implement parallel-accelerated association tests of markers using general linear model (GLM), mixed linear model (MLM), and fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) methods, 5) compute fast with a globally efficient design in the GWAS processes, and 6) generate various visualizations of GWAS-related information. Accelerated by block matrix multiplication strategy and multiple threads, the association test methods embedded in rMVP are significantly faster than PLINK, GEMMA, and FarmCPU_pkg. rMVP is freely available at https://github.com/xiaolei-lab/rMVP.
Barriers and facilitators to influenza-like illness absenteeism among healthcare workers in a tertiary-care healthcare system, 2017–2018 influenza season
Authors: Hoang Johnson Diep , Osman Fauzia , Bean Jero , Stevens Linda , Shirley Daniel , Keating Julie A. , Johnson Shabvon , Safdar Nasia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Influenza can be introduced and propagated in healthcare settings by healthcare workers (HCWs) working while ill with influenza. However, reasons driving this behavior are unclear. In this study, we examined barriers to and facilitators of absenteeism during the influenza season.Design:Cross-sectional mixed methods study.Setting:Ambulatory and inpatient settings in a large, tertiary-care healthcare system.Methods:An anonymous electronic survey was sent to HCWs between June 11 and July 13, 2018, asking participants to self-report influenza-like illness (ie, ILI symptoms of fever, chills, cough, or sore throat) during the 2017–2018 influenza season. We conducted a logistical regression analysis to identify factors associated with absenteeism.Results:Of 14,250 HCWs, 17% responded to the survey. Although 1,180 respondents (51%) reported symptoms of ILI, 575 (43%) did not stay home while ill. The most commonly perceived barriers to ILI absenteeism included being understaffed (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; P = .04), unable to find a replacement for work (OR, 2.26; P = .03), desiring not to use time off (OR, 2.25; P = .003), and paid by the hour or unable to afford being absent (OR, 2.05; P = .02). Common perceived facilitators of absenteeism included support from coworkers and management, clearer policy, better sick days availability, and lower perceived threat of disciplinary action.Conclusions:Reporting to work with ILI symptoms is common among HCWs. Most barriers and facilitators are related to systems. Addressing system factors, such as policies regarding sick days and sick leave and ensuring adequate backup staffing, is likely to facilitate absenteeism among ill HCWs.