bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical-Diagnostic Relevance of Breast “Incidentaloma” Detected During 18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Panareo Stefano , Urso Luca , Nieri Alberto , Caracciolo Matteo , Valpiani Giorgia , Torricelli Pietro , Frassoldati Antonio , Cittanti Corrado , Rollo Marco , Bartolomei Mirco 
Published: December 2021

Aim:
This study aims to study the clinical-diagnostic relevance of incidental breast uptake (“incidentaloma”) on 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan performed for other indications and to correlate it with radiological imaging and histopathology.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated 3675 FDG-PET scans, identifying 43 patients with breast “incidentaloma.” Thirty of these findings were further investigated with clinical examination, mammography (MMX), UltraSound (US) and/or magnetic resonance (MR). Cases suspected for malignancy underwent US-guided macro-biopsy (USMB) or MR-guided biopsy. Correlations between FDG-PET, radiology findings, age, and histopathology were evaluated.

Results:
patients who performed both US and MMX were 19. Ten consequently underwent USMB, one MR-guided biopsy, the remaining 8 were not further investigated. Nine patients had a diagnosis of malignancy. Among 11 patients who performed only US and consequently, USMB 6 had a diagnosis of malignancy. Histopathology of the 22 patients with both morphological and glucometabolic alterations showed different types of benign or malignant neoplasia, with a cumulative 68.2% incidence of malignancy. Seven lesions showed a SUVmax >2.5, while the remaining 15 a SUVmax <2.5. There was no statistically significant correlation between SUVmax and histology, therefore SUVmax parameter should not be used to discriminate between benign and malignant findings. No significant correlation between patient age and tumor characterization was found.

Conclusions:
incidental mammary uptake during an FDG-PET scan may represent a clue suggesting to investigate PET findings. In this subset of patients, early diagnosis may lead to a change in clinical management with a favorable impact on prognosis and a significant reduction in healthcare costs.
Correlation between Reference Tissue Normalized 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Standardized Uptake Value Max of Nodal and Extranodal Sites in Lymphomas
Authors: Pallavi Mannam , Murali Arunan , Periakaruppan Gokulakrishnan , Easwaramoorthy Venkatachalapathy , Mohanarangam Venkata Sai Pulivadula 
Published: December 2021

Context:
Extranodal (EN) lymphomas involve sites other than lymph nodes (LNs), spleen, thymus, and the pharyngeal lymphatic ring. The highest standardized uptake value (SUV) max of the LN can aid in the diagnosis of EN site lymphomatous infiltrations over inflammation or infection especially when there are no contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) changes.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to find the significance of correlation between absolute SUVmax and mediastinal blood pool (mbSUVmax) and liver (lvSUVmax) normalized SUVmax of EN sites and the most fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid LN in patients with primary and secondary EN involvement in Non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective study of 70 patients with histopathologically proven lymphoma in whom 18F-FDG positron emission tomography CT was performed for pretherapy staging.

Materials and Methods:
Images were used to detect EN sites of disease and SUVmax of mediastinal blood pool, liver, highest SUVmax LN, and highest SUVmax EN site were calculated.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation (r) was used to correlate the highest SUV max of LN and EN site and corresponding highest blood pool corrected and liver corrected SUV max. In view of small sample size, t-test for paired samples at 5% and 10% significance was conducted to validate the findings. Two-tailed t-test for independent samples was also used to compare means of SUVmax values between data grouped according to gender and lymphoma subtype (Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma).

Results:

r = 0.54 for the highest LN SUVmax-highest EN SUVmax values and on further validation by one- and two-tailed paired t-test at significance levels of 5% and 10%, P = 0.00052 and 0.00103 respectively which denoted significant positive and moderate correlation. r = 0.59 for highest LN lvSUVmax-highest EN vSUVmax and P = 0.00032 and 0.00065 showing positive and moderate correlation. r = 0 0.82 for highest LN mbSUVmax-highest EN mbSUVmax values and P = 0.00034 and 0.00068 revealing positive and strong correlation.

Conclusion:
Significant positive and strong correlation exists between nodal and EN mbsUVmax. This is stronger than the correlation between nodal and EN absolute SUVmax and lvSUVmax. Since normalization of lesion SUVmax to reference tissues reduces the variability of SUV, this can be a useful adjunct to determine whether high SUVmax of the EN site is due to lymphomatous infiltration.
Antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antimutagenic properties of stem bark and seed fractions of Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.)
Authors: Ravikumar Y. S. , Mahadevan K. M. , Usha B. M. , Manjunatha H. 
Published: December 2021

Aims:
The aim was to compare the anticancer and antimutagenic potency of Polyalthia cerasoides seeds and stem bark.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative, apoptotic, antioxidation to DNA, and antimutagenic activity of alcoholic (PS-1 and PS-3) and petroleum ether (PS-2 and PS-4) stem bark and seed fractions of P. cerasoides.

Methods:

P. cerasoides stem bark and seeds were extracted with ethanol: water mixture (9:1 ratio v: v) and fractionated with petroleum ether. Fractions were investigated for antiproliferative effect using cell by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole assay (cell line used liver [HepG2] and cervical [HeLa] cancer cell lines), DNA damage protection using hydroxyl radical and antimutagenic effect using chromosome aberration test.

Results:
PS-1 (IC50 10 μg/ml) and PS-3 (IC50 11 μg/ml) showed maximum antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines, whereas, PS-1 (IC50 10 μg/ml), PS-2 (IC50 24 μg/ml), and PS-3 (IC50 11 μg/ml) showed better antiproliferative activity against HeLa cell lines. PS-3 and PS-4 were protective against oxidation to the supercoiled DNA molecule. Further, petroleum ether extract of both seed (PS-2) and stem bark (PS-4) showed good antimutagenicity as revealed by the less chromosomal aberrations compared to PS-1 and PS-3 fractions.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the beneficial effect of fractions against oxidation of DNA, antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antimutagenic activity. Probably, this property would be attributable by their phenolic and steroid constituents. Therefore, this plant could be used as a potential source of nutraceutical agents.
Lymphomas of the head-and-neck region
Authors: Kamiński Bartlomiej 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Lymphomas of the head and neck are always a challenge for an ENT specialist whose goal is to make a quick diagnosis.

Aim:
Accordingly, clinical and epidemiological analysis of head-and-neck lymphoma was performed to approximate diagnostic difficulties.

Materials and Methods:
The diagnosed patients with head-and-neck lymphoma in our center were assessed in 2012–2019.

Results:
The study group included 22 patients with head-and-neck lymphoma including 20 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 2 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). NHL showed symptoms in the lymph nodes of the neck, tonsils, parotid gland, and the orbit. HL showed exclusive manifestation in the lymph nodes of the neck and tonsils.

Conclusions:
Uncharacteristic symptoms of lymphoma are always a challenge for the ENT specialist whose task is to quickly determine the diagnosis that forms the basis for further treatment. Interview, physical examination, imaging, and laboratory tests can only be suggestions for the diagnosis or exclusion of lymphoma; always, the decisive test is histopathological examination of the lymph node or a fragment of the affected organ.
Use of Clinical Frailty Scale in Acute Care Settings as a Predictor of in-Hospital and Short-Term Mortality in Older Adults with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Singhal Sunny , Rao Akshata , Jyani Sunil , Jamshed Nayer , Aggarwal Praveen , Chakrawarty Avinash , Dey Aparajit Ballav 
Published: December 2021

Background:
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues with its high mortality in older adults, there is a need to find better outcome predictors in such patients. The use of frailty as outcome predictors in the acute-care settings may help in providing more care to the high-risk patients. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the use of frailty measurement in the emergency department as an in-hospital and short-term outcome predictor in older patients admitted with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI).

Subjects and Methods:
The study was conducted in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in India from May 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020. All older patients presenting with SARI were assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale at presentation by the emergency medicine residents who were trained by a geriatrician. Patients were followed up telephonically till January 31, 2021.

Results:
A total of 100 patients were recruited (mean age-71.5 years, males-61%, and 75 years or older-40%). Of these patients, 44% were found to be frail. Overall, 50% were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Frail patients had higher in-hospital (47.7% vs. 41.1%) and short-term mortality (67.6% vs. 54.7%); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Duration of hospitalization was also not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Frailty among older SARI patients (with or without COVID-19 infection) was associated with higher in-hospital and long-term mortality, although the results were not statistically significant. Larger multicentric studies are needed to further explore this.
Perceived Dental Needs and Barriers to Utilization of Dental Services Among Elders in India – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Bhuvaneshwari N. G. , Usha G. V. , Lakshminarayan Nagesh 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The population of geriatric patients in India is increasing, and the uneven geographic distribution of dentists and the various age-related factors are likely to pose an oral health challenge in the near future.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess perceived needs and identify and describe the barriers associated with oral health service utilization among the elderly population aged 65–74 years in Davangere city.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional door-to-door survey using a self-designed, structured, validated questionnaire was carried out with a sample of 1440 elders. They were randomly selected through multistage sampling technique. Information regarding demographic details, systemic conditions, oral hygiene practices, perceived need, utilization rate of dental services, and factors acting as barriers for the utilization of dental services among the elderly were collected. Chi-square test and Pearson correlation were applied.

Results:
About 70.5% of the subjects had utilized the dental services in their lifetime, but only 41.4% had utilized in the previous year. Fifty percent of the elders perceived a problem in their oral cavity. Most of our respondents suffered from more than one chronic disease and had utilized the dental services. The cost of treatment, nonsuitability of location of clinic, indirect cost due to transport, the appointment system, and no availability of services on weekends acted as the important barriers to utilize the dental services.

Conclusion:
Financial constraint and lack of perceiving dental problems as severe acted as major barriers. Preventive oral hygiene measures tailored to meet the unique needs of the individual patient are essential.
Prevalence of Gingivitis and Associated Factors in 619-Year-Old Children in Rudraprayag District, Uttarakhand
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Saxena Vartika , Naithani Manisha 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Gingivitis is the most prevalent oral disease among children with a strong influence of social gradients. To date, its studies in the Uttarakhand state are scarce and inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic parameters of gingivitis and its association with sociodemographic and clinical risk factors in the 6–19-year-old children in Uttarakhand state.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional data from 1400 children 6–19 years old from Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, were analyzed. Sociodemographic status and oral hygiene habits were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents and children. Oral health status and anthropometric examination of each participant were also conducted. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate relationships between gingivitis and risk factors.

Results:
The prevalence of gingivitis was 20.0% of which 5.4% of children had severe gingivitis affecting gums around more than 6 teeth. Older children (>12 years), children with good oral hygiene habits, and normally aligned teeth with Angle's Class 1 occlusion displayed better gingival conditions, whereas, poor Socioeconomic status had a negative effect on gingival health.

Conclusions:
As compared to other states of the country, the prevalence of gingivitis was lower in Uttarakhand. The children belonging to lower socioeconomic status and who do not brush daily were more frequently affected by gingivitis. Children with maligned teeth (crowding or spacing), and Angle's Class 2 and 3 occlusions had a high prevalence of gingivitis.
Awareness Among Dental Practitioners About Oil Pulling – Its Effect on the Corona Virus and Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Reddy Upasana Jayaram , Hegde Mithra N , Rao Mallikarjuna , Shetty Aditya , Shetty Jayarama , Saha Nidhi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The ongoing pandemic has posed limitations to dental practice. In the current scenario of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many patients present with symptoms like burning of the eyes, nose, throat, xerostomia, and mouth ulcers. For this, the Ministry of AYUSH is promoting oil pulling as a preventive measure.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to increase the awareness and confidence of dental practitioners in prescribing a simple technique for ameliorating common symptoms of COVID-19 infection – by oil pulling, in routine clinical practice.

Methods:
This study entailed designing a standardized web-based questionnaire for conducting a survey among dental practitioners from all specializations. Here, 100 participants answered 14 questions related to the role of oil pulling in treating oral symptoms common among COVID-19 patients and immunocompromised radiation patients. Statistical analysis was carried out after receiving all responses. Frequencies and percentages were calculated.

Results:
The results of the present survey indicated that 8.6% of total participants had good awareness (>16 Qs); 56.3% of total participants showed moderate awareness (10–16 Qs); while 35.2% had poor awareness (<10 Qs).

Conclusion:
Oil pulling can be deemed as an effective method of treating oral symptoms of COVID-19. Dentists should acquire adequate knowledge regarding the role and importance of this simple preventive measure.
Prinsip-Prinsip Keluarga Kristen Sebagai Pusat Pendidikan Menurut Ulangan 6:1-25
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK
Hancur tidaknya dinamika kehidupan keluarga ditentukan dari pendidikan dalam keluarga itu sendiri. Khususnya pendidikan dalam keluarga yang bernuansa Kristen atau prinsip-prinsip pendidikan dalam keluarga orang percaya. Beberapa alasan yang menjadi latar belakang masalah penulisan ini, Pertama, adanya ketidaksadaran beberapa keluarga orang percaya tentang pentingnya keluarga sebagai pusat pengajaran. Kedua, ada beberapa pasangan atau keluarga orang percaya yang terlalu sibuk dengan pekerjaan di luar rumah daripada mengurus kehidupan keluarga. Ketiga, banyak keluarga Kristen saat ini hanya fokus mengejar untuk mencukupi kehidupan hidup saja. Keempat, banyak keluarga Kristen yang saat ini sedang mengalami masalah tentang terpengaruhnya keluarga dengan kehidupan duniawi. Untuk itu penulis mempelajari Ulangan 6:1-25 secara keseluruhan, selanjutnya baru menambah dari buku lain mengenai prinsip-prinsip gembala sidang. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode deskritif, yaitu mempelajari Prinsip-Prinsip Keluarga Kristen Sebagai Pusat Pengajaran Menurut Ulangan 6:1-25 yang merupakan pewahyuan khusus. Dengan memiliki sebuah tujuan besar, Pertama, supaya setiap keluarga orang percaya menyadari betapa pentingnya keluarga sebagai pusat pengajaran. Kedua, diharapkan setiap keluarga orang percaya dapat saling memahami dan mendorong keluarga demi keluarga. Ketiga, hal yang paling hakiki adalah setiap keluarga orang percaya dapat menjadi figur atau teladan dalam fokus keluarga menjadi pusat pengajaran.
PENGENALAN HURUF LATIN PADA ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE BACKPROPAGATION
Authors: Riyadi Slamet , Fitri Zilvanhisna Emka , Imron Arizal Mujibtamala Nanda 
Published: December 2021

Early childhood has difficulty remembering Latin letters or Roman characters than adults. Some of the factors that cause it are cognitive development, motivation, interest in learning, emotions and environmental factors. To overcome this, an innovative media is needed so that children can easily remember Latin letters. One of the innovative media applies digital image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. The fonts used are 10 types of letter models with image processing techniques such as preprocessing, binaryization, pixel mapping and creating vector as feature extraction. While the artificial intelligence used is the backpropagation method. The total data is 208 letter images with 625 input features with 500 epochs, the best learning rate used by the system is 0.025 so that the best training accuracy is 93.96% and testing accuracy is 92.31%.
PERANAN ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SADAR WISATA (MASATA) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Uhai Sabalius 
Published: December 2021

Organisasi Masyarakat Sadar Wisata (MASATA) adalah sebuah organisasi non profit pariwisata tetapi juga mitra pemerintah dalam upaya mengembangkan pariwisata Indonesia. Mitra pemerintah dalam hal pengawasan program dan kebijakan agar sampai di masyarakat tepat guna dan tepat sasaran. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan Organisasi Masyarakat Sadar Wisata (MASATA) Kalimantan Timur untuk mengembangkan desa wisata mulai dari melihat potensi, produk, Peluang, pelayanan, profit. Memang ini bukan sebuah pekerjaan yang mudah perlu ada kerja sama semua pihak dalam hal mengembangkan desa wisata. Organisasi Masyarakat Sadar Wisata mempunyai peran yang menghubungkan dengan berbagai pihak untuk saling mendukung, membantu dalam usaha mengembangkan desa wisata. Dalam Organisasi Masyarakat Sadar Wisata (MASATA) memiliki pengurus dari berbagai latar belakang yakni para pecinta budaya, pemerhati pariwisata, organisasi kepariwisataan, peneliti, pendidik, dari kalangan masyarakat yang cinta pariwisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara secara mendalam (dept interview). Peran dari Organisasi MASATA adalah untuk membantu pengembangan desa wisata, melakukan pendampingan dan mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia di desa wisata yang menjadi pendampingan dari DPD MASATA Kalimantan Timur.
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIX SIGMA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA OPERASIONAL DIVISI FIXED PLANT MAINTENANCE DI INDUSTRI PERTAMBANGAN PT BERAU COAL
Authors: Suryapradana Ilmawan , Halim Arfan 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan efektivitas mesin coal crusher dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif metode six sigma. Penggunaan Overall Equipment Effectiveness dan Six Big Losses untuk menentukan nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness dan faktor dominan yang menyebabkan rendahnya kinerja mesin atau peralatan. Proses penerapan small group activity sebagai bagian dari Total Productive Maintenance dengan penerapan fase DMAIC dari analisis Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), Six Big Losses, dan Fish Bone Diagram untuk menganalisa penyebab masalah yang menghambat kinerja mesin dan peralatan serta signifikansi peningkatan kinerja operasional di departemen FPM. Berdasarkan pengolahan data pada Coal Crusher dengan metode OEE dan Six Big Losses faktor yang paling dominan menyebabkan rendahnya kinerja mesin adalah Reduced Speed Losses dengan persentase 58,82% dan Equipment Failure Losses dengan persentase 62,21% pada mesin Coal Crusher yang mempengaruhi efektivitas dan produktivitas mesin tersebut. Menggunakan diagram pareto untuk menganalisis data losses yang ada sehingga akar permasalahan dapat ditemukan. Selanjutnya dengan analisis fish bone diagram didapatkan saran-saran langkah pencegahan dalam mengurangi jumlah losses time. Langkah perbaikan sistem yang dilakukan di Departemen FPM dengan penerapan Small Group Activity sebagai control secara berkelanjutan memberi peningkatan produktivitas terhadap kinerja Coal Crusher di akhir periode Desember 2020 yaitu diperoleh rata-rata nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) yaitu sebesar 87% dan telah memenuhi nilai standar dunia 85%. Dengan adanya peningkatan kinerja diharapkan kegiatan proses produksi dapat berjalan efektif, efisien, serta energi dapat digunakan secara optimal.
Sphenochoanal Polyp - "The Forgotten Element?"
Authors: Haque Misbahul , Das Subhrajit , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
The occurrence of isolated spheno-choanal polyps are not very common and can be very well confused with antro-choanal polyps or adenoids in adolescents and children. Appropriate diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are essential for its removal.

Case Report
We report one such case of a 16 year old female who presented with complaints nasal obstruction and reduced hearing. Endoscopic polypectomy was done with complete removal of the polyp.

Discussion
Sphenochoanal Polyp is often misdiagnosed and proper investigations are thus essential for its diagnosis. Surgical Approach is the mainstay form of treatment with complete excision of the polyp.
Lo que el alcohol me enseñó
Authors: Cabezas Macián María , Cabezas Jiménez Antonio Manuel , Sola-Vera Sánchez Francisco Javier 
Published: December 2021

Un adecuado fijador posee como características principales: detener los procesos de autolisis, tener efecto microbicida, no provocar retracción o distorsión del tejido, así como inducir cambios que favorezcan la inclusión, corte y tinción del mismo (4).
Exponemos una combinación de fijación de la muestra con alcohol etílico y formaldehído.
La fijación inicial en alcohol etílico (96º), permite no sólo la fijación del tejido, si no la obtención de tejido sólido en el acto. Posteriormente, trasladamos la muestra a formaldehído y en menos de 5 minutos podemos obtener un bloque celular. A continuación, la muestra debe permanecer en formol, un mínimo de 7 horas y menos de 24 horas aproximadamente, dependiendo del área de superficie del tejido. De esta manera, evitamos un procedimiento más laborioso y largo en el laboratorio de citología.