bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Bee Pollen In Acute Kidney Injury, Proteinuria, And Crystalluria Induced By Ethylene Glycol Ingestion In Rats
Authors: Elghouizi Asmae , Al-Waili Noori , Elmenyiy Nawal , Elfetri Salma , Aboulghazi Abderrazak , Al-Waili Ahmed , Lyoussi Badiaa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in hyperoxaluria-induced kidney injury and crystallization. Bee pollen is a hive product with a high content of antioxidants. The antioxidant content and protective effect of bee pollen extract (BPE) against ethylene glycol (EG) induced crystalluria and acute kidney injury (AKI) were investigated. Ten groups of male Wistar rats were treated with EG, cystone (500 mg/kg) or BPE at doses 100, 250, and 500 mg/ kg. On day 30, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. Kidneys were removed for histopathological study. The antioxidant activity of BPE was assessed, and its total phenols and flavonoids were determined. EG significantly increased urine pH, volume, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and protein, and blood urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes (P<0.05). It decreased creatinine clearance and urine magnesium and caused crystalluria. Treatment with BPE or cystone mitigates EG's effect; BPE was more potent than cystone (P<0.05). BPE increases urine volume, sodium, and magnesium compared to the control and EG treated groups. BPE reduces proteinuria and prevents AKI, crystalluria, liver injury, and histopathological changes in the kidney tissue caused by EG. BPE might have a protective effect against EG-induced AKI, crystalluria, and proteinuria, and stone deposition, most likely by its antioxidant content and activity.
Inter-organ transmission of hepatocellular senescence induces multi-organ dysfunction through the TGFβ signalling pathway.
Authors: Kiourtis Christos , Terradas-Terradas Maria , Gee Lucy M. , Hsieh Ya-Ching , Nixon Colin , Clark William , Shaw Robin , Hanson Peter S. , Sumpton David , Mackay Gillian , May Stephanie , Müller Miryam , Najumudeen Arafath K. , Campbell Andrew , Barry Simon T. , Morris Christopher M. , LeBeau Fiona E. N. , Sansom Owen J. , Kirschner Kristina , Oakley Fiona , Bird Thomas G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Cellular senescence is associated with aging but also impacts various physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development and wound healing. Factors secreted by senescent cells can affect their microenvironment, including local spreading of senescence. Acute severe liver disease is associated with hepatocyte senescence and frequently progresses to multi-organ failure. Why the latter occurs is poorly understood. Here, using genetic mouse models of hepatocyte-specific senescence, we demonstrate senescence development in extrahepatic organs and associated organ dysfunction in response to liver senescence. Additionally, we observe senescence-associated regeneration and reprogramming in the proximal tubules of the kidney. Using single cell transcriptomics and in vitro assays, we identify the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) pathway as a critical mediator of systemic spread of senescence. Lastly, TGFβ inhibition in our mouse models blocks senescence transmission to other organs and prevents renal dysfunction. Our results highlight the systemic consequences of organ-specific senescence which, independent of aging, contributes to multi-organ dysfunction.
Quantum Mechanical Modeling Unveil the Effect of Substitutions on the Activation Barriers of the Diels-Alder Reactions of an Antiviral Compound 7H-Benzo[a]phenalene
Authors: Rehman Umatur , Mansha Asim , Zahid Muhammad , Asim Sadia , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Rehan Zulfiqar Ahmad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Density functional theory has been utilized for exploring the mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction between 7H-benzo[a]phenalene and maleic anhydride. 7H-Benzo[a]phenalene is an antiviral compound and information available about its cycloaddition reactions with possible reaction path and mechanism is scarce. In order to work on the synthesis of its further potential derivatives, the mechanism of its reaction with all aspects should be well understood. Two novel intermediates involved in this reaction have been reported. Diels-Alder reaction of maleic anhydride has found many applications in the synthesis of wide range of useful products. The major concern of this work is to evaluate the consequences of introducing electron donating and electron withdrawing substituents on the reactivity of maleic anhydride towards 7H-benzo[a]phenalene. Thermodynamic parameters, activation parameters, energies of frontier orbitals, global reactivity indices and global electron density transfer (GEDT) have been determined for all the reactions. Fukui functions are computed for each reactant in order to identify the most reactive sites. All the reactions have been found to proceed via normal electron demand having polar nature. The substituents with opposite electronic properties were expected to affect the reactivity of dienophile in an inverse manner, however, the results are not according to this assumption. Rather, both kinds of substituents increased the activation barrier of the reaction. This behavior has been explained in the light of various parameters such as the stability of reacting species, gap of frontier molecular orbitals etc. Experimental studies reported previously are in agreement with these results.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma and Sodalis in Wild Populations of Tsetse Flies: Impact on Sit Programmes for Tsetse Eradication
Authors: Dieng Mouhamadou M. , Dera Kiswend-sida M. , Moyaba Percy , Ouedraogo Gisele M. S. , Demirbas-Uzel Guler , Gstöttenmayer Fabian , Mulandane Fernando C. , Neves Luis , Mdl Sihle , Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste , Belem Adrien M. G. , Pagabeleguem Soumaïla , Beer Chantel J. , Parker Andrew G. , Abbeele Jan van Den , Mach Robert L. , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Abd-Alla Adly M. M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Tsetse flies, the vectors of African Trypanosoma, have a highly regulated and defined microbial fauna composed of three bacterial symbionts that may have a role to play in the establishment of Trypanosoma infections in the flies and hence, may influence the vectorial competence of the released sterile males. Sodalis bacteria seem to interact with Trypanosoma infection in tsetse flies. Field-caught tsetse flies of ten different taxa and from 15 countries were screened using PCR to detect the presence of Sodalis and Trypanosoma species and their interaction. The results indicate that the prevalence of Sodalis and Trypanosoma varied with country and tsetse species. Trypanosome prevalence was higher in east, central and southern African countries than in west African countries. Tsetse fly infection rates with Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanozoon spp were higher in west African countries, whereas tsetse infection with Trypanosoma congolense and T. simiae, T. simiae (tsavo) and T. godfreyi infection prevalence were higher in east, central and south African countries. Sodalis prevalence was high in Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes but absent in Glossina tachinoides. Double and triple infections with Trypanosoma taxa and coinfection of Sodalis and Trypanosoma were rarely observed but it occurs in some taxa and locations. A significant Chi square value (< 0.05) seems to suggest that Sodalis and Trypanosoma infection correlate in Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Glossina pallidipes and Glossina medicorum. Trypanosoma infection significantly increased the density of Sodalis in wild G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes flies however no significant impact of Sodalis infection on trypanosome density.
Multi-Aged Small Pterosaur Track Assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous of Korea
Authors: Jung Jongyun , Huh Min , Hwang Koo-Geun , Kim Hyun-Joo , Choi Byung-Do , Xing Lida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The pterosaur is the earliest and largest powered flying vertebrate, even earlier and larger than the other extant archosaurian group, birds. However, evidence for this flying reptile, including the diversity of the small-sized pterosaur after the mid-Cretaceous, and their ecology, has remained elusive. Here we present numerous and dense pterosaur track assemblages from the Hwasun Seoyuri tracksite in the Upper Cretaceous Jangdong Formation of the Neungju Basin in Korea. The pterosaur track assemblage, assigned to Pteraichnus isp., consists of various sized, randomly oriented manus-dominated tracks with several pes claw marks. These features commonly indicate the semi-aquatic behavior and multi-age gregariousness of pterosaurs. The supposed trackmaker of pterosaur tracks would be the small-sized pterodactyloid that inhibited the Late Cretaceous Korean Peninsula, but that has not previously been reported. This ichnological evidence for the global distribution of small-sized pterosaurs could be interpreted to mean that the pterosaur fauna in the Late Cretaceous was more distributed and diverse than was previously known.
Correlations of Anthropometric and Calculation-Modified Anthropometric Measurements with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Korean Adults: A National Survey-Based Study
Authors: Hong Kihong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims: There are studies that show NC measurements are associated with central obesity and upper body fat distribution and are strongly associated with metabolic markers. Recently, studies have been conducted regarding neck circumference (NC) as a novel index to screen for obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Here, we investigated various anthropometric measurements and their correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors, pulmonary function test (PFT) results and metabolic syndrome among the adult Korean population. Methods: This study was based on data acquired from the 8th edition (2019) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), consisting of survey data on smoking and alcohol consumption, cardiometabolic risk factors, PFT results, metabolic syndrome profile and baseline characteristics such as age, gender and blood pressure. Continuous variables were analyzed by independent t-test, while categorical variables were analyzed using the Rao-Scott chi-square test Precision-recall (PR) plots were used to assess the diagnostic value of anthropometric measurements for cardiometabolic risk profiles such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, central obesity and PFT results. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the anthropometric measurements and calculation-modified anthropometric measurements (CMAMs) such as NC(neck circumference) devided by BMI(body mass index) and WC(waist circumference) and BMI devided by WC at different preset thresholds. Calculation was used to distinguish each anthropometric measurements aside from common features they may share. Results: A total of 3525study subjects aged over 40 years were included in the study the mean age for male and female were 56.8 and 58.5 respectively, percentage of male and female was 42% and 58% respectively. PR plots of anthropometric measurements and the metabolic syndrome profile indicated that in the presence of 3 metabolic syndrome criteria, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) had the highest AUCs 0.62 and 0.587 respectively, in the presence of 4 metabolic syndrome criteria, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) had the highest AUCs 0.342 and 0.317 respectively whereas in the presence of more than 5 metabolic syndrome criteria, NC and WC had the highest AUCs 0.09 and 0.083 respectively.Conclusion: This study showed that NC is correlated with metabolic syndrome. Additionally, each anthropometric measurement was uniquely correlated with specific cardiometabolic risk factor and differed according to sex. In such cases, applications in smartphones could be used to calculate for cardiometabolic risk assessments. Also it may be necessary to screen for metabolic syndrome in people whose NC is over 39.9cm for males and 34.5cm for females.
KAP1 Phosphorylation Promotes the Survival of Neural Stem Cells after Ischemia/Reperfusion by Maintaining the Stability of PCNA
Authors: Wang Wan , Yan Tianqing , Guo Xinjian , Cai Heng , Liang Chang , Huang Linyan , Wang Yanling , Ma Ping , Qi Suhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aims: To explore the function of phosphorylation of KAP1 (p-KAP1) at serine-824 site (S824) in the proliferation and apoptosis of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). Methods: The apoptosis and proliferation of C17.2 cells transfected with the p-KAP1-expression plasmids and the expression of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p-KAP1 were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting after the Oxygen Glucose deprivation/reperfusion model (OGD/R). The interaction of p-KAP1 and CUL4A with PCNA were analyzed by immunoprecipitation. In the rats MCAO model, we performed the lentiviral-mediated p-KAP1 mutants to verify the proliferation of endogenous NSCs and the colocalization of PCNA and CUL4A by immunofluorescence.Results: The level of p-KAP1 was significantly down-regulated in the stroke model in vivo and in vitro. Simulated p-KAP1(S824) significantly increased the proliferation of C17.2 cells and the expression of PCNA after OGD/R. Simulated p-KAP1(S824) enhanced the binding of p-KAP1 and PCNA and decreased the interaction between PCNA and CUL4A in C17.2 cells subjected to OGD/R. With the lentiviral AAV2/9-mediated p-KAP1(S824), there was increased endogenous NSCs proliferation, PCNA expression, p-KAP1 binding to PCNA, and improved neurological function in the rat MCAO model.Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that simulated p-KAP1(S824) improved the survival and proliferation of endogenous NSCs. The underlying mechanism involved in that highly expressed p-KAP1(S824) promoted to bind to PCNA, inhibiting the binding of CUL4A to PCNA. This reduced CUL4A-mediated ubiquitination degradation to increase the stability of PCNA and promote survival and proliferation of NSCs.
Biochemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities Assessment of the Fermented Medicinal Plants Extract Using Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Gadhoumi Hamza , EL Akrem Hayouni , Martinez-Rojas Enriqueta , Yeddes Walid , Tounsi Moufida Saidani 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To prevent foodborne diseases and extend shelf-life, antimicrobial agents may be used in food to inhibit the growth of undesired microorganisms. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the fermented medicinal plants extract using Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. The fermentation kinetic parameters, biochemical composition and the volatile compounds of the fermented plant extract was assessed. The results showed that, the fermented plants beverage exhibited high content in polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins (152.7 mg AGE/ L; 93.6 mg RE/ L; and 62.1mg CE/ L, respectively) to compare with the extract without fermentation. The GC-MS headspace analyses showed the presence of twenty-four interesting volatile compounds. The richness of the fermented plants extracts of polyphenols content and the bioactive compound such as Eucalyptol, Camphene, α-Phellandrene, α-Terpinene improve their biological activity. In addition, the fermented plants extract exhibited a high antimicrobial potential against resistance pathogenic bacteria and fungi determined by different methods. The maximum inhibition showed in the fermented plants beverage against Escherichia coli 25922/3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853 ATCC, Staphylococcus aureus 29213 ATCC, Enterococcus aerogenes 13048 ATCC, Phytophthora infestans P3 4/91 R+, Phytophthora infestans P4 20/01 R, Phytophthora infestans (GL-1). The obtained results support the hypothesis of using whey as a functional ingredient to improve food preservation. The bioprocesses of fermentation technology enhance antimicrobial and antifungal activities which could be used in different industrial applications.
Design of a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo Random Number Generator with Grammatical Evolution
Authors: Ryan Conor , Kshirsagar Meghana , Vaidya Gauri , Cunningham Andrew , Sivaraman R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work investigates the potential of evolving an initial seed with Grammatical Evolution (GE), for the construction of cryptographically secure (CS) pseudo-random number generator (PRNG). We harness the flexibility of GE as an entropy source for returning initial seeds. The initial seeds returned by GE demonstrate an average entropy value of 7.920261600000001 which is extremely close to the ideal value of 8. The initial seed combined with our proposed approach, control_flow_incrementor, is used to construct both, GE-PRNG and GE-CSPRNG.The random numbers generated with CSPRNG meet the prescribed National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SP800-22 requirements. Monte Carlo simulations established the efficacy of the PRNG. The experimental setup was designed to estimate the value for pi, in which 100,000,000 random numbers were generated by our system and which resulted in returning the value of pi to 3.146564000, with a precision up to six decimal digits. The random numbers by GE-PRNG were compared against those generated by Python’s rand() function for sampling. The sampling results, when measured for accuracy against twenty-nine real world regression datasets, showed that GE-PRNG had less error when compared to Python’s rand() against the ground truths in seventeen of those, while there was no discernible difference in the remaining twelve.
Isoflavones Appeared Different Effects In The Presence of Different Concentrations of Estrogen In Ovarian And Endometrial Cancer Cells
Authors: Shi Zhichao , Qi Yaozhi , Wei Lili , Cheng Tingting , Guo Fengbiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer and breast cancer are common gynecological malignancies with a high mortality rate. Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen that is ubiquitous in food and Chinese herbs. Although many epidemiological studies have shown that ingestion of isoflavones can reduce the risk of ovarian and breast cancer, its cellular functions and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: This study used isoflavones to treat SKOV-3 (ovarian cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines with high estrogen levels. Cell counting and MTS assays were used to detect cell proliferation and viability. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate the expression levels of cell cycle factors. Results: The results showed that isoflavones inhibited cell proliferation and viability in SKOV-3 and MCF-7 cells under high estrogen levels. After isoflavone treatment, PCNA, CDK4, and cyclin D1 expression levels were significantly decreased, but p21 and p27 expression levels were significantly increased. Conclusion: Isoflavones could inhibit cell proliferation within high levels of estrogen in ovarian and breast cancer cells. These findings will provide a new theory for gynecological malignancy therapy.
Toosendanin, A Novel Late-Stage Autophagy Inhibitor Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to Irinotecan cChemotherapy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Dong Yu , Chen Xiu-Ping , TAN Chris Soon Heng , Li Min , Lu Jiahong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that develops resistance to chemotherapy frequently. Autophagy has been regarded as a pro-survival response to chemotherapeutic drugs in TNBC, and suppression of autophagy can be a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance. Methods: We verified the efficacy of TSN in blocking autophagy flux. The co-localization of autophagosomes and lysosomes was analyzed. Then, lysosome function was determined by pH value and the activity of hydrolytic proteases. For preclinical research, human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 were used for evaluating the anti-proliferative effect in vitro. In vivo, the nude mice were intraperitoneal injection of irinotecan (10 mg/kg), TSN (0.5 mg/kg) or a combination. Autophagy activity and cell apoptosis were determined in tumor tissue. The degree of pathological injury of tissue was evaluated by liver index.Results: Here we reported the natural autophagy inhibitor toosendanin, a triterpenoid extracted from Melia toosenda Sieb. et Zucc, potently inhibited late-stage autophagy in TNBC cells. This effect was achieved via elevating lysosome pH rather than blocking the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. We further investigated the effects of toosendanin on the in vitro and in vivo TNBC models, in combination with chemotherapeutic drug irinotecan (or its active metabolite SN-38), a topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitor showing therapeutic potential for TNBC. The data showed that toosendanin blocked SN-38/irinotecan-induced protective autophagy, and significantly induced apoptosis in TNBC cells and tumor xenograft models when compared to SN-38/irinotecan or TSN treatment alone group.
SWOT analysis of an outpatient rehabilitation physical activity intervention for individuals with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Alarie Christophe , Gagnon Isabelle , Huynh Lily Trang Than , Doucet Karine , Pichette-Auray Adèle , Hinse-Joly Cassandre , Swaine Bonnie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Physical activity interventions have been shown to be an effective therapeutic approach to improve symptoms and reduce recovery time after a mild traumatic brain injury. Service providers from a specialized traumatic brain injury outpatient rehabilitation program recognized the need to ensure their physical activity intervention integrated evidence-based treatment components, while considering user needs and preferences. To inform quality improvement efforts, service providers felt it necessary to learn about the perceptions of key stakeholders, regarding the quality of the intervention. The study objective was to explore the perceptions of administrators, clinicians and users of the specialized program regarding the physical activity intervention’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT).
Methods

Using a SWOT analysis framework, this qualitative study explored the perspectives of the purposive sample (n=14) composed of the managerial staff, six clinicians and five program users. Semi-structured interviews were performed, recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach.
Results

Fifty categories were generated resulting in 15 strengths, 17 weaknesses, 12 opportunities and 6 threats grouped into 8 overarching categories: physical activity intervention, health-related outcomes, clinical expertise, knowledge translation, communication, user engagement, resources, accessibility. Category descriptions, convergent and divergent perspectives, and salient quotes of participants are provided.
Conclusions

This study successfully identified perceived strengths, many weaknesses, several opportunities and a few threats. Participants were generally positive about the intervention but identified weaknesses including the need for service providers to better describe the physical activity intervention using theoretically driven approaches before engaging in quality improvement activities. Convergent and divergent perspectives of service providers and program users helped identify areas to maintain and others to improve upon when the program develops their new intervention. Study results may also inform the development of other physical activity interventions designed for adults with persisting symptoms of a mild traumatic brain injury.