bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and preventive practices of livestock farmers on infectious causes of reproductive disorders in dairy cows in the Kembata Tambaro zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Birhanu , Leta Samson 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeveral studies in Ethiopia have shown a high prevalence of reproductive disorders (RDs) in dairy cows. However, there is a lack of information about the levels of knowledge among farming community about the causes associated with RDs. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study design was administered to 278 livestock farmers (LFs) in the Kembata Tambaro zone to evaluate knowledge and preventive practices on infectious causes of RDs in dairy cows. The results show that almost all farmers had heard about RDs, but more than half did not realize that reproductive system infections (RSIs) could cause RDs in dairy cows. A significant number of participants were not aware of the spread of RSIs between animals through sharing of breeding bulls, ingestion of urine contaminated feed, unhygienic management, sharing of equipment between milking cows, and interactions with contagious animals. The majority of LFs reported that they frequently consulted with traditional healers regarding the treatment of RDs, but very few looked for veterinary assistance. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that level of education and living areas were factors significantly and positively associated with knowledge about RSIs. Likewise, occupation, level of education and being knowledgeable about RSIs were significantly associated with good preventive practices. Veterinarians and responsible authorities should take these results into consideration to educate farmers on preventing losses attributed to RSIs.
Mortality in Cancer Patients With COVID-19 Who Are Admitted to an ICU or Who Have Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nadkarni Amogh Rajeev , Vijayakumaran Swapna C. , Gupta Sudeep , Divatia Jigeeshu V. 
Published: August 2021

PURPOSEThere are scarce data to aid in prognostication of the outcome of critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated the mortality of critically ill cancer patients with COVID-19.METHODSWe searched online databases and manually searched for studies in English that reported on outcomes of adult cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) or those with severe COVID-19 between December 2019 and October 2020. Risk of bias was assessed by the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We also determined the odds of death for cancer patients versus noncancer patients, as also outcomes by cancer subtypes, presence of recent anticancer therapy, and presence of one or more comorbidities. Random-effects modeling was used.RESULTSIn 28 studies (1,276 patients), pooled mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to an ICU was 60.2% (95% CI, 53.6 to 6.7; I2= 80.27%), with four studies (7,259 patients) showing higher odds of dying in cancer versus noncancer patients (odds ratio 1.924; 95% CI, 1.596 to 2.320). In four studies (106 patients) of patients with cancer and severe COVID-19, pooled mortality was 59.4% (95% CI, –39.4 to 77.5; I2= 72.28%); in one study, presence of hematologic malignancy was associated with significantly higher mortality compared with nonhematologic cancers (odds ratio 1.878; 95% CI, 1.171 to 3.012). Risk of bias was low.CONCLUSIONMost studies were reported before the results of trials suggesting the benefit of dexamethasone and tocilizumab, potentially overestimating mortality. The observed mortality of 60% in cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU is not prohibitively high, and admission to the ICU should be considered for selected patients (registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020207209).
Conjugation of Phenylboronic Acid Moiety through Multistep Organic Transformations on Nanodiamond Surface for an Anticancer Nanodrug for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Nishikawa Masahiro , Kang Heon Gyu , Zou Yajuan , Takeuchi Hidekazu , Matsuno Naoyoshi , Suzuki Minoru , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) have attracted considerable attention, in particular, in the field of nanomedicine due to their biocompatibility as well as various functionalities imparted by surface modification. Meanwhile, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an advanced cancer treatment utilizing nuclear fission reaction of 10B upon neutron irradiation. Recently, quite a few boron-containing nanoparticles have been investigated to deliver 10B atoms into cancer tissue selectively and retentively. In this study, we explored boronic acid functionalized DNDs as an anticancer agent for BNCT. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) moiety was introduced to polyglycerol (PG) modified DNDs (DND-PG) through multistep organic transformation, giving percent order of boron atoms. The process is scalable and reliable by simple covalent chemistry and the resulting product is well dispersed, and stable chemically and physically under physiological conditions. In the in vivo experiments, the resulting material was accumulated in the tumor to exert BNCT efficacy upon neutron irradiation. These results demonstrate that the PBA functionalized DNDs are a promising candidate as an anticancer nanodrug for BNCT.
Management Practices in Hospital Administration: a study of the Challenges Faced by the Healthcare Organisation in South India
Authors: Varghese Bindi 
Published: August 2021

This paper accentuates the need for quality assurance and standardization norms for hospital administration which is the need of the hour. Lack of effective administration practices in the hospital and hospitality sector necessitate the need for a total quality management approach in the Healthcare Sector. Application of quality control systems is a vital aspect that hospitals in South India cannot disregard. It would lead the South in a new direction by ensuring quality and enhancing customer satisfaction. Hence, this paper makes an attempt to understand the hospital management practices in South India effectively. The research addresses Medical Tourism as a ‘cost effective’ private medical care initiative in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialised treatment. This process is being facilitated by the corporate sector involved in medical care as well as the tourism industry – both private and public. There is also a constant effort taken by corporate hospitals to support medical tourism to its fullest potential. India today has copious opportunities to compete with other developed nations and building a quality health care system of its own.
Tourism Development and Exchequer's Encouragment
Authors: Bheemanagouda B 
Published: August 2021

Despite the arguments against the development of tourism a large number of positive aspects can be noticed in favour of tourism development. The data presented in this paper substantiates the need for development of tourism in India. It is observed that the yields emanated from this sector percolate to every corner of the economy and society starting from advanced cities to hamlets. As a result it leads to balanced and inclusive growth. To tap the latent potential of the tourism sector, it is necessary to make integrated efforts from all corners of the economy. One such effort focussed in this paper, has been initiated by the Indian Tax System. The system has designed various special provisions to motivate the sector, but they are scattered in various Acts. The knowledge of these provisions facilitate a sound tax planning. This paper makes an attempt to put important tax provisions, relating to different players in the tourism sector scattered in various tax laws, in one place to provide a basic understanding. It concludes that the sops offered by the exchequer are inadequate looking at the needs of the industry. This sector is a cash-cow. Its yields outweigh the sops and efforts. Hence, this sector needs focused attention from the policy makers.
The dynamics of host participation in tourism for effectively offsetting agrarian crisis in Wayanad
Authors: George Sibi , Anjaneya Swamy G 
Published: August 2021

Wayanad, the green paradise of Kerala, is located in the Southern most part of the Deccan Plateau. Wayanad, where , majority of the population completely depend on agriculture for their livelihood, has been facing a high magnitude agrarian crisis in the last few years. This district has witnessed a number of farmer suicides and as a result of this; farmers are forced ato look our for some additional source of livelihood along with agriculture. Having a remarkable image of a beautiful tourist destination, the government of Kerala has identified Wayanad as a Tourism District and tourism is an emerging sector here. The scenic beauty, exotic landscape and rich heritage sites of Waynad offer several opportunities for a 360 degree tourism expansion in the district. Considering the district wise foreign tourist arrivals, Wayanad shows the highest variation among other districts of Kerala in the last few years. In a fast urbanising country like Kerala, places such as Wayanad is one of the few Indian districts which still retain its charm as a rural district. It is not swept by mindless urbanization like many other regions of India. Of course, this unique characteristic gives enourmous tourism potential to the place. Keeping in view the distinctive features of Wayanad, especially the natural attractions and the indigenous culture, a sustainable tourism model can be an effective alternative to offset the agrarian crisis of the district. The present scenario of host community participation in th various facets of tourism in Wayanad is intensively studied in this paper. It aims at proposing concrete ways in which the benefits from tourism can be channelized productively to uplift the affected sections of society facing agrarian crisis in Wayanad.
Tourism Development and its Impact on the Peripheral Society: A Case Study of Ladakh
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Kumar Singh Ajay 
Published: August 2021

Tourism has strongly been considered as an agent of change and widely used as a major tool for achieving the goals of development. Sinc the prefix, ‘sustainable’ has been added to the term development and subsequently applied to all major economic sectors, the dimensions of development stretched to a greater extent than before and desired goals of development have been redefined. Tourism industry, often regarded as a world’s largest and fastest growing economic sector has also come under the diameters of sustainable development. The impact of tourism is not limited to the economic sector only. This industry has proven to be a strong stimulus for socio-cultural changes too. These impacts become more apparent in remote and peripheral regions where the, societies are traditional and closed and where the cultural elements are preserved in authentic form.
In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the nature of tourism development in Ladakh, which is a peripheral region and explain how socio-cultural changes occur in this region since the introduction of tourism. Further, assumptions have been made through discussion regarding the future impact and the nature of tourism development in Ladakh.
The Attitude of Consumers towards Organised Food Retailing: An Application of Attitude-towards-Object Model
Authors: Kumar Shandilya Abhinav , Srivastava Praveen 
Published: August 2021

Organised retail sector is booming in metros, cities and now even in small towns; and organised food retailing is one of the fastest growing sector among them. The different types of food retail formats have its own characteristics, focus and target market. The customer or consumer has their own criteria to select a particular food retail format. The selection is based on the attitude of the customer or consumer towards the attribute of the retail format. There are many model to find the attitude of customer or consumer towards any product, service and brands. This study is an attempt to find out the customer's or consumer's attitude towards three major food retailing formats i.e Big Bazaar, a hypermarket; Reliance Fresh, a convenience store and Suvidha, a supermarket.
Hubungan Persepsi Label Halal Mui Terhadap Minat Beli Produk Makanan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Authors: Nanda Kurnia Fitra , Ikawati Retty 
Published: August 2021

Islam mengatur banyak mengenai halal dan haram dalam bidang makanan. Makanan adalah kebutuhan primer yang menunjang aktifitas fisik. Pengetahuan mengenai makanan halal sangat penting bagi masyarakat umum, terutama umat Islam. Secara umum, konsumen Muslim akan memiliki persepsi yang positif terhadap produk makanan yang menggunakan pendekatan halal. Persepsi konsumen dalam menentukan label halal pada makanan berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan konsumen dalam menentukan minat beli. Indonesia dengan populasi penduduk mayoritas Muslim, tentu akan membawa pengaruh yang besar bagi budaya yang berkembang di Indonesia, terutama dalam budaya konsumsi pangan. Di Indonesia makanan halal sudah diatur oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) yang secara teknis ditangani oleh Lembaga Pengkajian Pangan Obat-obatan (LPPOM) dengan mengeluarkan sertifikat halal dan label halal. Label Halal adalah tanda kehalalan suatu produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan persepsi label halal MUI dengan minat beli produk makanan pada mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 62 dipilih dengan metode propotionate stratified random sampling. Data persepsi sertifikasi halal dan data minat beli diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner di google form. Skala menggunakan skala Likert. Analisis data dengan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi label halal MUI responden termasuk dalam kategori rendah (54,8%). Minat beli produk makanan sebagian besar termasuk dalam kategori tinggi (58,1%). Hasil uji Rank Spearman untuk persepsi label halal MUI dengan minat beli produk makanan nilai p=0,000. Ada hubungan persepsi label halal MUI dengan minat beli produk makanan.
Catching the second wave: clinical characteristics and nosocomial infection rates in major trauma and orthopaedic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ajayi Bisola , Trompeter Alex J. , Umarji Shamim , Saha Priyanshu , Arnander Magnus , Lui Darren F. 
Published: August 2021

Aims The new COVID-19 variant was reported by the authorities of the UK to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 14 December 2020. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics and nosocomial infection rates in major trauma and orthopaedic patients comparing the first and second wave of COVID-19 infection. Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected trauma database was reviewed at a level 1 major trauma centre from 1 December 2020 to 18 February 2021 looking at demographics, clinical characteristics, and nosocomial infections and compared to our previously published first wave data (26 January 2020 to 14 April 2020). Results From 1 December 2020 to 18 February 2021, 522 major trauma patients were identified with a mean age of 54.6 years, and 53.4% (n = 279) were male. Common admissions were falls (318; 60.9%) and road traffic accidents (RTAs; 71 (13.6%); 262 of these patients (50.2%) had surgery. In all, 75 patients (14.4%) tested positive for COVID-19, of which 51 (68%) were nosocomial. Surgery on COVID-19 patients increased to 46 (61.3%) in the second wave compared to 13 (33.3%) in the first wave (p = 0.005). ICU admissions of patients with COVID-19 infection increased from two (5.1%) to 16 (20.5%), respectively (p = 0.024). Second wave mortality was 6.1% (n = 32) compared to first wave of 4.7% (n = 31). Cardiovascular (CV) disease (35.9%; n = 14); p = 0.027) and dementia (17.9%; n = 7); p = 0.030) were less in second wave than the first. Overall, 13 patients (25.5%) were Black, Asian and Minority ethnic (BAME), and five (9.8%) had a BMI > 30 kg/m2. The mean time from admission to diagnosis of COVID-19 was 13.9 days (3 to 44). Overall, 12/75 (16%) of all COVID-19 patients died. Conclusion During the second wave, COVID-19 infected three-times more patients. There were double the number of operative cases, and quadruple the cases of ICU admissions. The patients were younger with less dementia and CV disease with lower mortality. Concomitant COVID-19 and the necessity of major trauma surgery showed 13% mortality in the second wave compared with 15.4% in the first wave. In contrast to the literature, we showed a high percentage of nosocomial infection, normal BMI, and limited BAME infections. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):661–670.
Pathology-specific experimental antivenoms for haemotoxic snakebite: The impact of immunogen diversity on the in vitro cross-reactivity and in vivo neutralisation of geographically diverse snake venoms
Authors: Alomran Nessrin , Alsolaiss Jaffer , Albulescu Laura-Oana , Crittenden Edouard , Harrison Robert A. , Ainsworth Stuart , Casewell Nicholas R. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that causes high global rates of mortality and morbidity. Although snakebite can cause a variety of pathologies in victims, haemotoxic effects are particularly common and are typically characterised by haemorrhage and/or venom-induced consumption coagulopathy. Antivenoms are the mainstay therapeutic for treating the toxic effects of snakebite, but despite saving thousands of lives annually, these therapies are associated with limited cross-snake species efficacy due to venom variation, which ultimately restricts their therapeutic utility to particular geographical regions.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study we explored the feasibility of generating globally effective pathology-specific antivenoms to counteract the haemotoxic signs of snakebite envenoming. Two different immunogen mixtures, consisting of seven and twelve haemotoxic venoms sourced from geographically diverse and/or medically important snakes, were used to raise ovine polyclonal antibodies, prior to characterisation of their immunological binding characteristics and in vitro neutralisation profiles against each of the venoms. Despite variability of the immunogen mixtures, both experimental antivenoms exhibited broadly comparable in vitro venom binding and neutralisation profiles against the individual venom immunogens in immunological and functional assays. However, in vivo assessments using a murine preclinical model of antivenom efficacy revealed substantial differences in venom neutralisation. The experimental antivenom generated from the seven venom immunogen mixture outperformed the comparator, by providing protective effects against venom lethality caused by seven of the eight geographically diverse venoms tested, including three distinct venoms that were not used as immunogens to generate this antivenom. These findings suggest that a core set of venom immunogens may be sufficient to stimulate antibodies capable of broadly neutralising a geographically diverse array of haemotoxic snake venoms, and that adding additional venom immunogens may impact negatively on the dose efficacy of the resulting antivenom.

Conclusions/Significance
Although selection of appropriate immunogens that encapsulate venom toxin diversity without diluting antivenom potency remains challenging and further optimisation is required, the findings from this pilot study suggest that the generation of pathology-specific antivenoms with global utility is likely to feasible, thereby highlighting their promise as future modular treatments for the world’s tropical snakebite victims.
Analysis of the time course of COVID-19 cases and deaths from countries with extensive testing allows accurate early estimates of the age specific symptomatic CFR values
Authors: Rothman Jessica E. , Eidelberg David , Rothman Samantha L. , Holford Theodore R. , Rothman Douglas L. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Knowing the true infected and symptomatic case fatality ratios (IFR and CFR) for COVID-19 is of high importance for epidemiological model projections. Early in the pandemic many locations had limited testing and reporting, so that standard methods for determining IFR and CFR required large adjustments for missed cases. We present an alternate approach, based on results from the countries at the time that had a high test to positive case ratio to estimate symptomatic CFR.

Methods
We calculated age specific (0–69, 70–79, 80+ years old) time corrected crude symptomatic CFR values from 7 countries using two independent time to fatality correction methods. Data was obtained through May 7, 2020. We applied linear regression to determine whether the mean of these coefficients had converged to the true symptomatic CFR values. We then tested these coefficients against values derived in later studies as well as a large random serological study in NYC at that time.

Results
The age dependent symptomatic CFR values accurately predicted the percentage of the population infected as reported by two random testing studies in NYC. They also were in good agreement with later studies that estimated age specific IFR and CFR values from serological studies and more extensive data sets available later in the pandemic.

Conclusions
We found that for regions with extensive testing it is possible to get early accurate symptomatic CFR coefficients. These values, in combination with an estimate of the age dependence of infection, allows symptomatic CFR values and percentage of the population that is infected to be determined in similar regions with limited testing.