bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum Sensing to Detect N-Number of Primary Users Using N-Number Secondary Users by Applying Support Vector Machine.
Authors: Udayamoorthy venkateshkumar , Sriniva Ramakrishnan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) model is proposed to sense n-number of primary users (PUs) using n-number secondary users (SUs) in a sequence by applying support vector machine (SVM) algorithm using three different kernels namely linear, polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) respectively. In this method, fusion centre (FC) instructs all the SUs through control channel, which PU is to be sensed by sending a pre-defined primary user identification code (PUid) and each SU sense the Kth PU spectrum information and stored in a database at FC. SU transmits a bit ‘0’ or bit ‘1’ along with PU sensing information to the FC to indicate whether it needs a spectrum band to transmit the data or not. SU add two identification codes along with sensing information to the FC which indicates that from which SU the sensing information received and which PU is sensed by the SU. For simulation 500 data samples are used and the simulation results show an accuracy of 96% and false alarm value of 1.3% in classifying the SU sensing information at FC using RBF kernel. Another method is proposed with multiclass classification by applying SVM algorithm using RBF kernel. The confusion region class is classified with zero false alarm percentage and achieves an accuracy of 99.3% in classifying the SU sensing information at FC.
Study of the spectral and power characteristics of In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN superluminescent light emitting diodes by taking into account the piezoelectric polarization fields
Authors: Absalan Hassan , Golzan Mir Maqsood , Milani Nasser Moslehi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effects of the piezoelectric polarization field have been investigated on the spectral and power characteristics of In0.2Ga0.8N/GaN superluminescent light emitting diodes. The Schrödinger and Poisson equations, the rate equations in the multiple quantum well active region and separate confinement heterostructure layers, and the optical propagating equations have been solved in the presence of the piezoelectric field. The results have been compared with results of the case of without piezoelectric field. According to the results, in the presence of piezoelectric field, the red-shift occurs in the spectra, and the width of spectrum increases. Also, the piezoelectric field decreases the peak intensity of spectrum and modal gain of the device.
Efficient Energy Resource Selection in Home Area Sensor Networks using Non Swarm Intelligence Based Discrete Venus Flytrap Search Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Settu Sivabalan , Rathipriya R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research work examines the foraging behavior of the Carnivorous plant called Venus flytrap. These plants derive their nutrients from trapping and consuming insects and another arthropod. Unlike swarm behavior, they forage independently and autonomously. Based on this, a new non-swarm intelligence algorithm called Discrete Venus Fly-Trap Search Algorithm (DVFS) is proposed for energy resource selection for sensor nodes in the Home Area Sensor Network (HASN). Discrete Venus Fly-Trap Search Algorithm is a population-based, non-swarm intelligence search algorithm that copycats the foraging behaviors of Venus Fly-Trap Plant. The search performance of DVFS algorithm is studied by simulating in Wireless Sensor Network Toolbox in Matlab2016. The results expose that the proposed algorithm can identify optimal energy resource selection from the energy source station to provide the power supply to the nodes in HASN for the network lifespan increment.
Energetic photons applied to COVID-19 Coronavirus S2 subunit of spike glycoprotein for host cell entry inhabitation: An alternative approach for conventional vaccination
Authors: Khattari Z. Y. , Al-Sayed M. Abu , Afaneh F. , Maghrabi M. , Al-Omari S. , Al-Jundi J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have investigated numerically the ability to inhibit spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 to attach and inter the host cell when exposed to energetic photons. The Geometric Progression fitting method have been adopted to calculate the equivalent atomic number for photon energy absorption (Zeq), exposure and absorption buildup factors in the energy range E∈ [15–300] keV for the S2-subunit in the spike protein. The buildup factors have shown a peak value at adsorption resonance energy between 36–60 eV per amino acid of the S2-subunit which depends on the mean free path of the photon within the protein structure and the type of mutation. The resonance energies (between UV and X-ray range) have been found to depend on the protein molecular composition. This opens the possibility of using energetic photons to break up the S2-subunit into small fragments. Our results may contribute to the continues racing for finding noninvasive technique for medical trials using radiotherapy treatment for the COVID-19 virus.
Vaginal Misoprostol Versus Intracervical Foley Catheter for Cervical Ripening in Postdate Primigravid Women: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Abdi Nazanin , Alavi Azin , Pakbaz Forough , Darabi Hossein 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Being one of the most common indications of labor induction, postdate pregnancy can lead to serious maternal and fetal complications. In this study we aimed to compare vaginal misoprostol with intracervical Foley catheter (FC) for cervical ripening in postdate primigravid women. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 120 primigravid women aged 18-35 years with singleton and postdate pregnancies and Bishop score ≤4. Participants were randomized into two equal groups. The first group received 25 µg vaginal misoprostol and the second group had an 18 Fr FC inserted into their cervical canal. Labor induction was performed using oxytocin in both groups if progression of labor or true contractions did not occur within 6 hours of the interventions. In case of nonreassuring fetal heart rate, fetal distress, placental abruption, or prolonged labor, C-section was performed. Results: The frequency of NVD, C-section, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and neonatal intensive care unit admission did not differ significantly between groups. Placental abruption and uterine tachysystole occurred more frequently in the misoprostol group (15.0 vs. 1.7%, P=0.008 and 21.7 vs. 0.0%, P<0.001, respectively). A significantly higher number of women in the FC group required oxytocin (73.3 vs. 41.7%, P<0.001). Duration of labor was significantly higher in the FC group (P=0.001). Conclusions: Due to the lower rate of placental abruption and uterine tachysystole observed with FC, it appears to be superior to vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening in postdate primigravid women; however, its longer labor duration and higher oxytocin requirement should be taken into consideration. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20181218042033N4. Registered 19/04/2020. Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/47037
Quantifying the water soil erosion hazard using RUSLE, GIS, and RS approach: A case study of Al-Qshish River Basin, Lattakia, Syria.
Authors: Abdo Hazem Ghassan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the most prominent geomorphological hazards threatening environmental sustainability in the coastal region of western Syria. The current war conditions in Syria has led to a lack of field data and measurements related to assessing soil erosion. Mapping the spatial distribution of potential soil erosion is a basic step in implementing soil preservation procedures mainly in the river catchments. The present paper aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of soil erosion severity using revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) and remote sensing (RS) data in geographic information system (GIS) environment across the whole Al-Qshish river basin. Quantitatively, the annual rate of soil erosion in the study basin was 81.13 t ha− 1 year − 1 with a spatial average reaching 55.18 t ha− 1 year − 1. Spatially, the soil erosion hazard map was produced with classification into five susceptible-zones: very low (40.99%), low (40.49%), moderate (8.90%), high (5.41%) and very high (4.21%). The current study presented a reliable assessment of soil loss rates and classification of erosion-susceptible areas within the study basin. These outputs can be relied upon to create measures for maintaining areas with high and very high soil erosion susceptibility under the current war conditions.
The attainment of herd immunity with a reducing risk of contact infection in modelling&nbsp;
Authors: Law Kian Boon , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu M , Ibrahim Hishamshah , Abdullah Noor Hisham 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The risk of contact infection among susceptible individuals in a randomly mixed population can be reduced by the presence of immune individuals and this principle forms the fundamental of herd immunity. The conventional susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model features an infection-induced herd immunity model, but does not include the reducing risk of contact infection among susceptible individuals in the transmission model, therefore tends to overestimate the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. Here we show that the reducing risk of contact infection among susceptible individuals can be achieved by incorporating the proportion of susceptible individuals (model A) or the inverse of proportion of recovered individuals (model B) in the force of infection of the SIR model. We numerically simulated the conventional SIR model and both new SIR models A and B under the exact condition with a basic reproduction number of 3·0. Prior to the numerical simulation, the threshold for the eradication of infectious disease through herd immunity was expected to be 0·667 (66·7%) for all three models. All three models performed likewise at the initial stage of disease transmission. In the conventional SIR model, the infectious disease subsided when 94·0 % of the population had been infected and recovered, way above the expected threshold for eradication and control of the infectious disease. Both models A and B simulated the infectious disease to diminish when 66·7% and 75·6% of the population had been infected, showing herd immunity might protect more susceptible individuals from the infectious disease as compared to the projection generated by the conventional SIR. Our study shows that model A provides a better framework for modelling herd immunity through vaccination, while model B provides a better framework for modelling herd immunity through infection. Both models overcome the insufficiency of the conventional SIR model in attaining the effect of herd immunity in modelling outputs, which is important and relevant for modelling infectious disease, such as the COVID-19 in a randomly mixed population.
A transition towards digital home visits in social care and home health care during the corona pandemic
Authors: Ahlin Karin , Zingmark Magnus , Slumpi Thomas Persson 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Physical meetings are favoured in social care and home health service in Sweden, both when it comes to internal meetings or home visits at citizens residence. During the pandemic, physical meetings were supposed to decrease as much as possible to avoid the virus to spread. One solution was to digitize as many meetings as possible. Transforming meetings from physical to digital is not without flaws, especially not when it comes to meetings with citizens needing care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the transition toward increased use of digital home visits in social care and home health care in a Swedish municipality. Results: A web survey was sent out to understand which meetings could be transformed into digital meetings and related challenges. The web-survey was sent to co-workers in home health care and social care in a middle-seized municipality in Sweden and included questions with predetermined and open-ended answers. The results showed that not all meetings could be transformed, like meetings with citizens with hearing or cognitive impairments. Challenges related to the transformation were instability in technical equipment, the professions’ and citizens’ knowledge of handling technical equipment, and access to technical equipment support.Conclusions: Despite the challenges did the co-workers digitize meetings whenever possible, adding operational and problem-solving attitude to the transformation. Due to this study’s limitation, like respondents from one municipality and the pandemic’s length, we intend to investigate further and understand the development of the transformation and how knowledge in the area increases.
An optical regenerative wavelength conversion scheme for satellite based on SPM of SOA and offset filter
Authors: Dong Yi , Ji Zemin , Zhou Peng , Zhou Lin , Wu Aoyun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An optical regenerative wavelength conversion scheme without separated pump laser is put forward to promote the wavelength utilization ratio in distributed satellite network. The scheme adopts the self-phase modulation(SPM) in semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA) to broaden the signal spectrum toward both higher and lower frequency owing to the property that the time of carrier recover is less than pulsewidth. Then the signal light and pump light are extracted by a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter respectively. Finally, the wavelength conversion is realized based on the four-wave mixing(FWM), where the signal light and pump light are passing through another SOA. The simulation results demonstrate that the conversion efficiency can be more than 15dB, and the Q factor improvement can reach to 4dB when input power is small than -22dBm.
Characterizing Circulating Nucleosomes in the Plasma of Dogs with Lymphoma
Authors: Dolan Christopher , Miller Tasha , Jill Jarvis , Terrell Jason , Kelly Theresa , Bygott Thomas , Wilson-Robles Heather 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Nucleosomes consist of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer core like beads on a string so that DNA can be condensed as chromatin into chromosomes. Diseases such as cancer or inflammation lead to cell death where chromatin is fragmentated and released as mononucleosomes into the blood. The Nu.QTM H3.1 assay measures total nucleosome concentration in plasma of humans and has been used to detect and identify cancer even at early stages. The objectives of this study were to determine if nucleosome levels could be used to distinguish between healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of lymphoma (LSA) using the Nu.Q™ H3.1 assay. A total of 126 dogs diagnosed with LSA and 134 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Plasma was collected from each dog and stored in K2-EDTA tubes. The LSA patient samples were recruited from TAMU or purchased from various biobanks. All control cases were recruited from TAMU. Samples were also collected longitudinally from 3 dogs undergoing treatment for multicentric lymphoma at TAMU as a pilot study to investigate the pattern of nucleosome concentrations in plasma during treatment. Results: Dogs with LSA had an approximately 7-fold increase in their plasma nucleosome concentrations compared to controls (AUC 87.8%). Nucleosome concentrations increased with cancer stage and dogs with B cell lymphomas had significantly higher nucleosome concentrations than dogs with T cell lymphomas. Nucleosome concentrations from serially monitored patients were elevated at diagnosis and progression with subsequent decreases in nucleosome concentration that corresponded to clinically detectable responses to therapy. Conclusions: The Nu.QTM H3.1 assay was able to reliably detect elevated nucleosome concentrations in the plasma of dogs with LSA. Furthermore, it appears that nucleosomes are useful for differentiating cancer from healthy individuals in canines. Results from serially monitored patients indicate that nucleosomes could be an objective monitoring tool for remission status in canine lymphoma patients.
Cross-Clamp Technique and Incidence of Stroke after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Know and Respect the Aorta Principle
Authors: Mastroiacovo Giorgio , Gennari Marco , Giambuzzi Ilaria , Pirola Sergio , Nanci Giuseppe , Bonomi Alice , Assenza Gabriele Egidy , Polvani Gianluca , Agrifoglio Marco 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives: One of the most severe and devastating complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are cerebro-vascular accidents. Atherosclerotic disease of the ascending aorta and epi-aortic trunks has been considered the most probable cause of cerebral embolization during CABG due to aortic manipulation and clamping. The aim of this study is to investigate if single or double aortic clamping may impact the incidence of neurological events.Methods: This is a retrospective study which includes a consecutive series of patients who underwent CABG from a single CABG-experienced surgeon at our Institution from March 2006 to December 2012. Patients were divided into two homogenous groups based on the surgical technique adopted: single-aortic clamping (SAC) (118 patients) and double aortic clamp (DAC) (133 pt).Results: Median surgical time was statistically longer for the DAC group than for the SAC group (p= 0.015), but no significant differences were found for the primary outcomes of stroke and transient ischemic attack. The two groups presented a similar 30-day survival. The follow-up was completed at 82% (median 11 years). The Kaplan-Meier estimates a survival at 11 years of 81% and 88% for the DAC and SAC group, respectively. Conclusions: Incidence of stroke seems to be independent from cross-clamping technique and, more generally, we could infer that the global rate of stroke after CABG in low to moderate risk patients is probably more influenced by other factors that further studies need to address. Moreover, the appearance of the aorta at the time of surgery is crucial to analyse to better personalize the strategy.
LINE-1 and Alu Promote Breast Tumor Progression Via Forming Chimeric Transcripts
Authors: Li Jian , Zhang Yin , Zhou Yiting , Liao Jian-you , Guo Yabin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background：LINE-1 (L1) and Alu were reported to regulate tumor development and progression by constituting chimeric transcripts with diverse sequences. The landscape of L1 or Alu chimeric transcripts in breast tumor has not been reported yet, so breast tumor L1 and Alu chimeric transcripts were investigated in this study by analyzing more than 50 billion RNA sequences of breast tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TCGA database. Results：The expression of L1 and Alu in breast tumor tissues were significantly higher than that in the non-tumor tissues. High expression of L1 and Alu in breast tumor predicted poor prognosis. Further exploration demonstrated that L1 and Alu were extensively chimerically expressed with adjacent transcripts. 651 L1-mRNA chimeric transcripts and 1525 Alu-mRNA chimeric transcripts showed significantly different frequencies between non-tumor and tumor tissues. 1009 L1-lncRNA chimeric transcripts and 2575 Alu-lncRNA chimeric transcripts had significantly different frequencies between non-tumor and tumor tissues. Function cluster analysis demonstrated that these differently chimerically expressed genes were involved in multi facets of tumorigenesis, including metabolism, signal transduction, immune reaction, cell cycle and apoptosis, etc. Conclusions：Chimeric expression with different sequences might be an important mechanism for L1 and Alu to promote breast tumor progression.
A Diagnostic Model for The Large-Scale Tropical Circulation Based on Moist Static Energy Balance
Authors: Fan Chen-Shuo , Dommenget Dietmar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study we present a diagnostic model for the large-scale tropical circulation (vertical motion) based on the moist static energy equation for first baroclinic mode anomalies (MSEB model). The aim of this model is to provide a basis for conceptual understanding of the drivers of the large-scale tropical circulation changes or variations as they are observed or simulated in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase (CMIP) models. The MSEB model is based on previous studies relating vertical motion in the tropics to the driving forces of the tropospheric column heating rate, advection of moisture and heat, and the moist stability of the air columns scaled by the first baroclinic mode. We apply and evaluate the skill of this model on the basis of observations (reanalysis) and CMIP model simulations of the large-scale tropical vertical motion. The model is capable of diagnosing the large-scale pattern of vertical motion of the mean state, annual cycle, interannual variability, model-to-model variations and in warmer climates of climate change scenarios with correlations of 0.6-0.8 and nearly unbiased amplitudes for the whole tropics (30°S-30°N). The skills are generally better over oceans at large scales and worse over land regions. The model also tends to have an upward motion bias at higher latitudes, but still has good correlations in variations even at the higher latitudes. It is further illustrated how the MSEB model can be used to diagnose the sensitivity of the tropical vertical motion to the forcing terms of the models for the mean state, seasonal cycle and interannual variability such as El Nino. The model clearly illustrates how the seasonal cycle in the circulation is driven by the incoming solar radiation and how the El Nino shift in the Walker circulation results mainly from the sea-surface temperature changes. Overall, the model provides a very good diagnostic tool to understand tropical circulation change on larger and longer (>month) time scales.
Performance Improvement of High-speed Edm and Ecm Combined Process by Using a Helical Tube Electrode With Matched Internal and External Flushing
Authors: Ji Lei , Zhang Yan , Wang Guoqian , Zhang Jie , Yang Wentao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Micro-hole fabrication at a high speed and accuracy of machining while maintaining high surface quality is challenging. A core difficulty is the removal of the products of machining from extremely narrow gaps. To solve this problem, this study proposes an approach that combines high-speed electrical discharge machining (EDM) with electrochemical machining (ECM) by using a helical tube electrode with matched internal and external flushing. During high-speed electrical discharge drilling, matching the internal flushing with the clockwise rotation of the helical electrode can help remove debris from the bottom of the blind hole. During ECM, matching the external flushing with the anticlockwise rotation of the helical electrode can improve the flow of electrolyte in the gap. First, the flow field was simulated to show that matching the internal and external flushing of the helical electrode can enhance the flow of the medium and reduce particle concentration in extremely narrow gaps. Second, a series of experiments were conducted to verify that the taper of the hole and the surface quality of its wall can be improved by using the helical tube electrode. Finally, an experiment was carried out to optimize the machining parameters, and yielded a minimum taper of 0.008 at a speed of rotation of 460 rpm, and pressures of internal and external flushing of 9 MPa and 4 MPa, respectively.