bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the black box of private impact investors
Authors: Carroux Sarah Louise , Busch Timo , Paetzold Falko 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically describe the general characteristics and the investment behavior of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs) who pursue impact investing.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from members of a global impact investor network, using an online questionnaire, a portfolio-data collection tool and semi-structured interviews.

Findings
Wealthy private impact investors are largely similar in terms of their general characteristics and investment behavior, but they diverge in their interest in specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They tend to be strongly values-driven and to adopt an investment time horizon of 7+ years for their impact investments, which they expect to yield financial returns that are no different from those of traditional investments. Interestingly, these investors perceive the well-established sustainable investing strategies of exclusion, environmental, social and governance (ESG) integration and best-in-class as not having high impact-generating potential.

Practical implications
Suggestions are provided about how wealthy private investors could use the findings to improve their impact investment decisions. Advice is offered to investment professionals on how to optimize impact investment products and services for this economically and societally highly relevant target group.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific study to investigate the general characteristics and investment behavior of HNWIs who pursue impact investing. HNWIs have great relevance for financial markets yet they are out of reach for most researchers. As a result, they are poorly understood, and apparently also often misunderstood, which has substantial economic and social implications that this paper helps mitigate.
Consumer expectations and perception of clothing comfort in sports and exercise garments
Authors: Wilfling Julia , Havenith George , Raccuglia Margherita , Hodder Simon 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Sports garments play an important role in the well-being of an athlete by protecting the wearer from changing environmental conditions and providing a comfortable feel. Clothing requirements have changed in recent years and demand for apparel with a higher comfort performance has been rising. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore consumers’ expectations and perception of comfort and to examine how different textiles are perceived by consumers to provide useful knowledge that allows to engineer comfort into fabrics and sports garments.

Design/methodology/approach
This online survey comprised 292 respondents, classified by sex, age, nationality and physical activity. The respondents were asked a total of 18 questions through the Bristol Online Survey tool to explore expectation, perception and preference of clothing comfort, specifically of sportswear.

Findings
Fit and comfort are closely linked together, both forming part of the clothing comfort concept. When purchasing garments online, the haptics of fabrics were identified as a crucial missing parameter. However, priorities of attributes within the concept varied according to the person’s sex and nationality. Women put more emphasis on garment fit and showed a higher need for tactile input, whereas men prioritised physiological comfort descriptors, i.e. properties which facilitate thermoregulation. Furthermore, there is an increased importance of physiological comfort parameters for people exercising for 10 or more hours per week. Finally, it was possible to identify common associations and preferences for textile materials (cotton, polyester, cotton/polyester blend and wool). However, consideration should be taken concerning sex and nationality.

Originality/value
Sex and nationality are parameters modulating the clothing comfort concept and the conceptualised feel of materials. Therefore, the sex and nationality of the end-consumer should be considered during the development phase of sports garments and particular attention should be given to the targeted market in which these will be sold.
Artificial neural network and regression models for prediction of sewing thread consumption for multilayered fabric assembly at lockstitch 301 seam
Authors: Chavhan Md Vaseem , Naidu M. Ramesh , Jamakhandi Hayavadana 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose the artificial neural network (ANN) and regression models for the estimation of the thread consumption at multilayered seam assembly stitched with lock stitch 301.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present study, the generalized regression and neural network models are developed by considering the fabric types: woven, nonwoven and multilayer combination thereof, with basic sewing parameters: sewing thread linear density, stitch density, needle count and fabric assembly thickness. The network with feed-forward backpropagation is considered to build the ANN, and the training function trainlm of MATLAB software is used to adjust weight and basic values according to the optimization of Levenberg Marquardt. The performance of networks measured in terms of the mean squared error and the layer output is set according to the sigmoid transfer function.

Findings
The proposed ANN and regression model are able to predict the thread consumption with more accuracy for multilayered seam assembly. The predictability of thread consumption from available geometrical models, regression models and industrial empirical techniques are compared with proposed linear regression, quadratic regression and neural network models. The proposed quadratic regression model showed a good correlation with practical thread consumption value and more accuracy in prediction with an overall 4.3% error, as compared to other techniques for given multilayer substrates. Further, the developed ANN network showed good accuracy in the prediction of thread consumption.

Originality/value
The estimation of thread consumed while stitching is the prerequisite of the garment industry for inventory management especially with the introduction of the costly high-performance sewing thread. In practice, different types of fabrics are stitched at multilayer combinations at different locations of the stitched product. The ANN and regression models are developed for multilayered seam assembly of woven and nonwoven fabric blend composition for better prediction of thread consumption.
Big data analysis of trends in the second-hand apparel market: a comparison between 2014 and 2019
Authors: Kim Sanghee , Woo Hongjoo 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
According to the perspective of evolutionary economic theory, the marketplace continuously evolves over time, following the changing needs of both customers and firms. In accordance with the theory, the second-hand apparel market has been rapidly expanding by meeting consumers’ diverse preferences and promoting sustainability since 2014. To understand what changes in consumers’ consumption behaviors regarding used apparel have driven this growth, the purpose of this study is to examine how the second-hand apparel market product types, distribution channels and consumers’ motives have changed over the past five years.

Design/methodology/approach
This study collected big data from Google through Textom software by extracting all Web-exposed text in 2014, and again in 2019, that contained the keyword “second-hand apparel,” and used the Node XL program to visualize the network patterns of these words through the semantic network analysis.

Findings
The results indicate that the second-hand apparel market has evolved with various changes over the past five years in terms of consumer motives, product types and distribution channels.

Originality/value
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the changing demands of consumers toward used apparel over the past five years, providing insights for retailers as well as future research in this subject area.
Postdoctoral research training and the attainment of faculty careers in social science and STEM fields in the United States
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Main Joyce B. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
While postdoctoral research (postdoc) training is a common step toward academic careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, the role of postdoc training in social sciences is less clear. An increasing number of social science PhDs are pursuing postdocs. This paper aims to identify factors associated with participation in postdoc training and examines the relationship between postdoc training and subsequent career outcomes, including attainment of tenure-track faculty positions and early career salaries.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from the National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates and Survey of Doctorate Recipients, this study applies propensity score matching, regression and decomposition analyses to identify the role of postdoc training on the employment outcomes of PhDs in the social science and STEM fields.

Findings
Results from the regression analyses indicate that participation in postdoc training is associated with greater PhD research experience, higher departmental research ranking and departmental job placement norms. When the postdocs and non-postdocs groups are balanced on observable characteristics, postdoc training is associated with a higher likelihood of attaining tenure-track faculty positions 7 to 9 years after PhD completion. The salaries of social science tenure-track faculty with postdoc experience eventually surpass the salaries of non-postdoc PhDs, primarily via placement at institutions that offer relatively higher salaries. This pattern, however, does not apply to STEM PhDs.

Originality/value
This study leverages comprehensive, nationally representative data to investigate the role of postdoc training in the career outcomes of social sciences PhDs, in comparison to STEM PhDs. Research findings suggest that for social sciences PhDs interested in academic careers, postdoc training can contribute to the attainment of tenure-track faculty positions and toward earning relatively higher salaries over time. Research findings provide prospective and current PhDs with information helpful in career planning and decision-making. Academic institutions, administrators, faculty and stakeholders can apply these research findings toward developing programs and interventions to provide doctoral students with career guidance and greater career transparency.
Participation, Unemployment, and Wages
Authors: Cobb‐Clark Deborah A. , De Silva Lihini 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe HILDA Survey data have substantially deepened our understanding of the Australian labour force. In this article, we highlight key insights relating to: (1) labour force participation; (2) unemployment; and (3) wages. Using the panel structure of the data, along with the breadth of questions asked, researchers have been able to overcome econometric challenges and better understand how the Australian labour market operates. Much attention has also been directed towards understanding persistent labour market disadvantage and the long‐lasting impact it can have. Together, these studies provide a plethora of useful recommendations for shaping future social and economic policy.
Do auditors price litigious tone?
Authors: Malik Muhammad Farhan , Shan Yuan George , Tong Jamie Yixing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate whether audit fees are shaped by litigious tone. Using a sample of listed firms in the US, we find litigious tone in 10‐K reports is associated with higher audit fees. This finding remains robust when we account for sample selection bias, firm‐level unobserved heterogeneity effects, endogeneity concerns, or when subsections in 10‐K reports are analysed. In addition, we document the relationship is of a lower magnitude among high‐risk client firms, suggesting that auditors are already cautious when auditing high‐risk clients. This suggests that auditors rely less on litigious tone in determining audit fees when faced with high‐risk clients.
Legal and ethical considerations of artificial intelligence in skin cancer diagnosis
Authors: Jobson Dale , Mar Victoria , Freckelton Ian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) technology is becoming increasingly accurate and prevalent for the diagnosis of skin cancers. Commercially available AI diagnostic software is entering markets across the world posing new legal and ethical challenges for both clinicians and software companies. Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world and is poised to be a significant benefactor and pioneer of the technology. This review describes the legal and ethical considerations raised by the emergence of artificial intelligence in skin cancer diagnosis and proposes recommendations for best practice.
A review of the literature on the accuracy, strengths, and limitations of visual, thoracic impedance, and electrocardiographic methods used to measure respiratory rate in hospitalized patients
Authors: Bawua Linda K. , Miaskowski Christine , Hu Xiao , Rodway George W. , Pelter Michele M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory rate (RR) is one of the most important indicators of a patient's health. In critically ill patients, unrecognized changes in RR are associated with poorer outcomes. Visual assessment (VA), impedance pneumography (IP), and electrocardiographic‐derived respiration (EDR) are the three most commonly used methods to assess RR. While VA and IP are widely used in hospitals, the EDR method has not been validated for use in hospitalized patients. Additionally, little is known about their accuracy compared with one another. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the accuracy, strengths, and limitations of VA of RR to two methods that use physiologic data, namely IP and EDR.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was undertaken using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each of the studies was evaluated using standardized criteria.ResultsFull manuscripts for 23 studies were reviewed, and four studies were included in this review. Three studies compared VA to IP and one study compared VA to EDR. In terms of accuracy, when Bland–Altman analyses were performed, the upper and lower levels of agreement were extremely poor for both the VA and IP and VA and EDR comparisons.ConclusionGiven the paucity of research and the fact that no studies have compared all three methods, no definitive conclusions can be drawn about the accuracy of these three methods. The clinical importance of accurate assessment of RR warrants new research with rigorous designs to determine the accuracy, and clinically meaningful levels of agreement of these methods.
Multicentre study of appendicitis management comparing a large South Island metropolitan hospital, to its referring regional and rural centres
Authors: Withers Nicole , Hepburn Lucy , Palmer Jethro , Evans Fergus , Mosher Jamie , Dasril Juni , Liyanage Chris , Eglinton Tim , Sakowska Magda M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, patients presenting with acute surgical disease in rural areas have poorer outcomes when compared to urban areas; little data are available regarding outcomes for New Zealand (NZ) rural patients. This study aimed to compare the surgical management of appendicitis in a large metropolitan centre with its regional referral centres.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patient data were collated from the studied centres between November 2014 and October 2019. In addition to patient demographics, patterns of referral and presentation, the primary outcome was time to the theatre; secondary outcomes were perforation rates, length of stay and complications. Data are presented as medians (interquartile range).ResultsA total of 3533 patients underwent appendicectomy over the period studied. For those presenting directly to the metropolitan centre, the median wait‐time to the theatre was 16 h (9.2–23.2); if patients were transferred, they waited for 20.8 h (13.6–27). Patients presenting to regional centres waited for 7.6 h (4.5–15.4, P < 0.001). Perforation rates for transferred patients were 31% which was greater than for those presenting to the metropolitan (20%) or regional centres (17%, P = 0.014). Complications were also highest in transferred patients (20%) when compared to the metropolitan (17%) or regional centres (10%, P < 0.001).ConclusionPatients who were transferred to Christchurch Hospital from rural centres without surgical services had a longer wait‐time than those who presented to Christchurch Hospital directly or were treated in regional centres. This was associated with higher rates of perforated appendicitis.
Comparison of the efficacy of topical insulin with autologous serum eye drops in persistent epithelial defects of the cornea
Authors: Diaz‐Valle David , Burgos‐Blasco Barbara , Rego‐Lorca Daniela , Puebla‐Garcia Virginia , Perez‐Garcia Pilar , Benitez‐del‐Castillo Jose M. , Herrero‐Vanrell Rocio , Vicario‐de‐la‐Torre Marta , Gegundez‐Fernandez Jose A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of topical insulin on epithelization in persistent epithelial defects (PED) refractory to usual treatment compared to autologous serum.DesignRetrospective, consecutive case–control series.MethodsThe charts of 61 consecutive patients with PED treated with topical insulin (case group) and 23 treated with autologous serum (control group) were reviewed. Primary efficacy end points were the percentage of patients in which epithelization was achieved, as well as the rate and time until epithelization. Secondary efficacy point was need for amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) or other surgeries.ResultsMean time between PED diagnosis and start of topical insulin was 22.7 ± 18.5 days (range 13–115) and the mean area was 14.8 ± 16.2 mm2 (range 1.1–70.6). In the control group, mean time was 27.9 ± 16.8 days, mean epithelial defect area being 18.6 ± 15.0 mm2 (range 1.7–52.9). No differences in baseline characteristics were found between groups (p > 0.05). Epithelization was achieved in 51 patients (84%) on insulin and 11 patients (48%) on autologous serum (p = 0.002). In those patients, mean time until reepithelization was 32.6 ± 28.3 days (range 4–124) in the insulin group and 82.6 ± 82.4 days (range 13–231) in the autologous serum group (p = 0.011). The need for AMT was significantly lower in the insulin group (p = 0.005). PED recurrence was higher in patients treated on autologous serum (43%) compared with insulin (11%) (p = 0.002).ConclusionsTopical insulin is an effective treatment and safely promotes healing of PED. In our series, topical insulin presented better epithelization outcomes than autologous serum and could thus be considered as a first‐line treatment.
Real‐world outcomes of anti‐VEGF therapy in treatment‐naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration diagnosed on OCT angiography: the REVEAL study
Authors: Lupidi Marco , Schiavon Stefano , Cerquaglia Alessio , Fruttini Daniela , Gujar Ramkailash , Muzi Alessio , Fiore Tito , Reibaldi Michele , Chhablani Jay , Cagini Carlo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare the 12 months visual and anatomical outcomes of treatment‐naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients diagnosed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) compared with fluorescein angiography (FA)/indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), after anti‐VEGF treatment in a real‐world setting.MethodsMonocentric, observational, parallel‐group study of nAMD patients diagnosed with either FA/ICGA or non‐invasive OCT‐A methods. Patients were treated with a fixed dosing regimen of intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept and followed up for 12 months. Primary outcomes were the 12 months functional (BCVA) and anatomical (CST reduction) gains between the two groups. The stratification of BCVA and CST gains by type of neovascular lesion and by anti‐VEGF treatment was also assessed.ResultsSeventy‐two patients received FA/ICGA for the initial diagnosis of nAMD, while 73 received OCT‐A. Overall, the mean BCVA gain at 12 months was 11.5 ± 9.6 letters. There were no statistically significant differences between the invasive and non‐invasive imaging groups in BCVA gain (p = 0.87) or CST reduction (p = 0.76). No statistically significant outcome differences between different lesion types and the two drugs were observed.ConclusionIn a real‐world setting, nAMD patients diagnosed with OCT‐A showed meaningful improvements in visual and anatomical parameters during 12 months of treatment, without significant differences with those diagnosed by invasive modalities.
Clinical features, therapeutic requirements and evolution of patients with Crohn’s disease and upper gastrointestinal involvement (CROHNEX study)
Authors: Sainz Empar , Zabana Yamile , Miguel Isabel , Fernández‐Clotet Agnès , Beltrán Belén , Núñez Laura , García María José , Martín‐Arranz María Dolores , Iglesias Eva , Cañete Fiorella , Gutiérrez Ana , Piqueras Marta , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Bujanda Luis , Rodríguez‐Lago Iago , Casanova María José , Navarro Pablo , Vicente Raquel , Merino Olga , Algaba Alicia , Rodríguez Cristina , Huguet José M. , Fernández‐Bañares Fernando , Domènech Eugeni , Esteve Maria ,   the ENEIDA registry of GETECCU
Published: August 2021

SummaryBackgroundCrohn's disease (CD) with upper gastrointestinal involvement (UGI) may have a more aggressive and refractory course. However, evidence on this phenotype of patients is scarce.AimsTo identify the clinical characteristics, therapeutic requirements and complications associated with UGI in CDMethodsNationwide study of cases (UGI, UGI plus ileal/ileocolonic involvement) paired with controls (ileal/ileocolonic involvement) from the ENEIDA registry. Cases were matched to 2 controls by year of diagnosis ± 2.5 years. Patients with exclusive/predominant colonic location or complex perianal fistula were excluded.ResultsOf 24 738 patients with CD in the ENEIDA registry, we identified 4058 with UGI (16% of the total CD cohort). Finally, 854 cases and 1708 controls were included. Cases were independently associated to extensive involvement (OR 2.7 [2.2‐3.3], P < 0.0001), strictures [OR 1.8 (1.5‐2.2), P < 0.0001], chronic iron deficiency anaemia [OR 2.2 (1.3‐3.2), P < 0.001] and use of second‐line biologics [OR 1.7 (1.1‐2.6), P = 0.021]. The median stricture‐free time was 14 years (95% CI, 12‐16) for cases vs 21 years (95% CI, 19‐23) for controls (P < 0.0001). Cases with isolated UGI compared to UGI plus ileal/ileocolonic more frequently had localised disease [OR 0.5(0.3‐0.8), P = 0.003] and underwent more endoscopic stricture dilations [OR 2.7(1.3‐5.4), P = 0.006].ConclusionsThe largest cohort of patients with CD and UGI provides information on the natural history of this particular phenotype. Increased awareness of the clinical picture and therapeutic requirements of these patients could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal lesions, preventing the structural damage frequently seen in these patients at diagnosis and during follow‐up.