bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Based Gait Characteristics in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Pahuja SK , Veer Karan 
Published: September 2021

Objective:Parkinson’s disease is a pervasive neuro disorder that affects people's quality of life throughout the world. The unsatisfactory results of clinical rating scales open the door for more research. PD treatment using current biomarkers seems a difficult task. So automatic evaluation at an early stage may enhance the quality and time period of life.Methods:Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) search methodology schemes are followed to search the data and eligible studies for this survey. Approximate 1500 articles were extracted using related search strings. After the stepwise mapping and elimination of studies, 94 papers are found suitable for the present review.Results:After the quality assessment of extracted studies, nine inhibitors are identified to analyze people's gait with Parkinson’s disease, where four are critical. This review also differentiates the various machine learning classification techniques with their PD analysis characteristics in previous studies. The extracted research gaps are described as future perspectives. Results can help practitioners understand the PD gait as a valuable biomarker for detection, quantification, and classification.Conclusion:Due to less cost and easy recording of gait, gait-based techniques are becoming popular in PD detection. By encapsulating the gait-based studies, it gives an in-depth knowledge of PD, different measures that affect gait detection and classification.
Acute Ischaemic Stroke Incidence after Coronavirus Vaccine in Indonesia:
Case Series
Authors: Hidayat Rakhmad , Diafiri Dinda , Zairinal Ramdinal Aviesena , Arifin Ghafur Rasyid , Azzahroh Faiza , Widjaya Nita , Fani Devi Nurfadila , Mesiano Taufik , Kurniawan Mohammad , Al Rasyid  , Giantini Astuti , Haris Salim 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with high
morbidity and mortality rates. Indonesia had reported a 2.8% of mortality rate up to June 2021. A
strategy to control the virus spreading is by vaccination. The Indonesian Food and Drug Monitoring
Agency had approved the use of CoronaVac, an inactivated virus vaccine developed by Sinovac.
Most Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) for CoronaVac are mild, and the most
common symptoms are injection-site pain, headache, and fatigue. Neurovascular adverse events, including
thrombosis or ischaemic stroke after receiving CoronaVac have not previously been reported.
Correspondingly, we reported three patients with an Acute Ischaemic Stroke (AIS) after the administration
of CoronaVac in our hospital.
Skin Diseases and their Treatment Strategies in Sub-Saharan African
Regions
Authors: Anwar Esra Tariq , Gupta Nandan , Porwal Omji , Sharma Akanksha , Malviya Rishabha , Singh Amit , Fuloria Neeraj Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background:
In the rural areas of sub-Saharan African regions, skin diseases are so common.
Due to which the population of the sub-Saharan region suffers from different types of skin disorders.
In these regions, many treatment options are not available for the treatment of skin disease.

Aim:
The current study aims to discuss various skin diseases and their treatment strategies, specifically
in sub-Saharan African regions.

Method:
Extensive literature survey was carried out by using Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, Google
scholar and Bentham science databases.

Result and Discussion:
It was demonstrated from the literature surveys that different effective techniques
are used in the management of skin disease. In the result, it was shown that the condition of the
disease is at a dangerous level which must be controlled.

Conclusion:
It is concluded from the manuscript that the skin disorder in the sub-Saharan region is at a
very dangerous level. The research must be done to develop a better understanding of the disease and
its treatment.
Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment During Covid-19 Outbreak
in South-East Tuscany
Authors: Acampa Maurizio , Peresso Valentina , Lazzerini Pietro Enea , Domenichelli Carlo , Guideri Francesca , Tassi Rossana , Dami Stefano , Marconi Roberto , Iannelli Giovanni , Linoli Giovanni , Peppoloni Giulia , Nocentini Simone , Gallerini Simone , Cartocci Alessandra , Bracco Sandra , Martini Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

Background:
During Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian National Healthcare Service has
faced increasing pressure, especially in Northern Italy. Even in less-affected regions, such as Tuscany,
the changes in the healthcare system to prevent Covid-19 spread resulted in difficulty in treating
time-dependent disorders like ischemic stroke rapidly.

Objective:
The aim of our study was to assess the outcome after acute ischemic stroke treatments
during the Covid-19 spread in comparison with a similar period of the previous year in Siena-Hospital
(Hub center in the South-East Tuscany).

Method:
We enrolled all patients admitted to Siena-Hospital for ischemic stroke and submitted
them to acute treatments (intravenous and/or mechanical thrombolysis) between February 21st and
May 18th, 2020 (study group, n:38) and compared the results with ischemic strokes acutely treated
in a similar period in 2019 (control group, n:39). The modified Rankin scale score was assessed at
90 days to evaluate a 3-month clinical outcome.

Conclusion:
In the study group, the time from symptoms onset to hospital arrival and the door-to-groin
puncture time were significantly more prolonged than in the control group. In moderate-severe
strokes, the 3-month mortality was significantly higher in the study group (31% vs. 6%; p=0.01),
and the number of patients with poor functional outcomes was significantly higher in the study
group (73% vs. 44%; p=0.03).

Results :
During the lockdown period due to Covid-19 pandemic, patients with acute ischemic
stroke had a worse prognosis. These findings suggest the need to improve the health system organization
to guarantee an appropriate treatment during the pandemic, including the patients that are
not affected by Covid-19.
Adiponectin is Inversely Associated with Insulin Resistance in Adolescents
with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Liu Bin , Zheng Huan , Liu Guanghui , Li Zhiling 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Insulin Resistance (IR) is confirmed as a key feature of Nonalcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease (NAFLD) in children and adolescents. Numerous studies report that adiponectin
(APN) levels are inversely associated with the status of IR in adults with NAFLD. This study
aimed to investigate the relationship between serum total APNand Homeostasis Model Assessment
Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in adolescents with NAFLD.

Methods:
382 newly-diagnosed NAFLD adolescents, aged 9-16 years old, were enrolled and divided
into three subgroups according to the APNtertile. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses
were performed to assess the correlation between HOMA-IR and APN in boys and girls, respectively.

Results:
The HOMA-IR values tended to decrease in boys according to APN tertiles: 5.6(4.4-7.3)
vs. 5.2(4.6-6.9) vs. 4.9(4.1-5.8) (p<0.01), and there was a significant difference in the HOMA-IR
values among three APN tertile subgroups in girls (p<0.01). Univariate analysis showed that body
mass index, waist circumference, weight-to-height ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride,
and APN were significantly associated with HOMA-IR in boys (p<0.05). In girls, body mass
index, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and APN were significantly associated
with HOMA-IR (p<0.05).APN was found to be a significant determinant for HOMA-IR
only in boys (β=-0.147, p<0.01).

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that APN was an independent and significant determinant for increased
HOMA-IR in boys with NAFLD. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying
mechanisms.
The Kurpie region. Transformation of settlement landscape until Poland’s accession to the European Union
Authors: Starzyk Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

The Kurpie region is among the most interesting ethnographic regions of Poland, with the center of the original, well-preserved and carefully cultivated folk culture of the Kurpie [ethnographic group of the Polish population]. The image of the Kurpie village resulted from centuries of human activity. Over the centuries, transformations of the landscape occurred. Activities that gave the area a modern appearance were based on adaptation of the natural environment for cultivation of land and gradual establishment of human settlements. The traditional folk culture developed by the Kurpie ethnographic group, as well as high value of the natural environment prompted research in the scope of transformation to open settlement landscape of the Kurpie region. The present study was aimed at investigating processes that determined the transformation to the natural and cultural landscape of the Kurpie region. The territorial scope of the present work covers the Kurpie region located between the Omulew and the Szkwa rivers. In the 15th century, the region was included in the Ostrołęka County and has remained there since then. The time scope of the study concerns the period from when first mention of the area being settled was made to the moment of Poland's accession to the European Union. The following research methods were adopted for the study: analysis of source literature and literature on the subject undertaken in the present work, historical analysis to cover the development of settlement in the studied area, comparative cartographic analysis in the field of settlement and landscape transformation, statistical analysis in the field of social and technical infrastructure. In the study, landscape and urban-rural inventory was also applied. The study structure covers issues related to formation and development of settlement in the Kurpie region: 1) the Kurpie region in scientific research, 2) the Kurpie region in folk culture, 3) the Kurpie region – an outline of settlement-agricultural functions, as well as landscape layout, 4) the Kurpie region – characteristics of the settlement landscape, 5) the Kurpie region – dominant changes to the landscape under the influence of socio-economic factors in the period of the 45 post-war years, 6) the Kurpie region – dominant modification to the landscape as influenced by socio-economic factors during the political system transformation in Poland.
The impact of smog on the design of sports facilities
Authors: Zabłocki Wojciech 
Published: September 2021

The smog phenomenon and its health consequences seem to be nowadays a real problem for many societies, including Poland. In addition, the question arises as to what impact it may have on urban planning and architectural design. Scientists believe that there are only three methods to avoid the dangerous smog pollution: trying to stay indoors during smog alerts, avoiding outdoor exercise and using special masks. However, using masks during exercising is unhealthy due to the reduction of the body's oxygenation. Special attention should be paid to the location of open sports areas for young citizens. Air-conditioned sports halls would be the best option for those who want to be physically active during smog alerts.
Initial SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Uptake in a Correctional Setting: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Berk Justin , Murphy Matthew , Kane Kimberly , Chan Philip , Rich Josiah , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: September 2021

Background
The largest outbreaks of COVID-19 in the United States have occurred in correctional facilities, and little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine campaigns among incarcerated people.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe a statewide vaccination program among incarcerated people and staff working in a prison setting.

Methods
Between December 2020 and February 2021, the Rhode Island Department of Corrections (RIDOC) offered the opportunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to all correctional staff and sentenced individuals. Two RIDOC public health educators provided education on the vaccine, answered questions, and obtained consent before the vaccine clinic day for the incarcerated group. All staff received information on signing up for vaccines and watched an educational video that was created by the medical director. Additional information regarding vaccine education and resources was sent via email to the entire RIDOC department.

Results
During this initial campaign, 76.4% (1106/1447) of sentenced individuals and 68.4% (1008/1474) of correctional staff accepted and received the vaccine. Four months after the first vaccine was offered, 77.7% (1124/1447) of the sentenced population and 69.6% (1026/1474) of staff were fully vaccinated.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of vaccine implementation in a carceral setting. Education and communication likely played an important role in mitigating vaccine refusals.
Intervening on Trust in Science to Reduce Belief in COVID-19 Misinformation and Increase COVID-19 Preventive Behavioral Intentions: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Thompson Esi E , Chen Xiwei , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian 
Published: September 2021

Background
Trust in science meaningfully contributes to our understanding of people’s belief in misinformation and their intentions to take actions to prevent COVID-19. However, no experimental research has sought to intervene on this variable to develop a scalable response to the COVID-19 infodemic.

Objective
Our study examined whether brief exposure to an infographic about the scientific process might increase trust in science and thereby affect belief in misinformation and intention to take preventive actions for COVID-19.

Methods
This two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial aimed to recruit a US representative sample of 1000 adults by age, race/ethnicity, and gender using the Prolific platform. Participants were randomly assigned to view either an intervention infographic about the scientific process or a control infographic. The intervention infographic was designed through a separate pilot study. Primary outcomes were trust in science, COVID-19 narrative belief profile, and COVID-19 preventive behavioral intentions. We also collected 12 covariates and incorporated them into all analyses. All outcomes were collected using web-based assessment.

Results
From January 22, 2021 to January 24, 2021, 1017 participants completed the study. The intervention slightly improved trust in science (difference-in-difference 0.03, SE 0.01, t1000=2.16, P=.031). No direct intervention effect was observed on belief profile membership, but there was some evidence of an indirect intervention effect mediated by trust in science (adjusted odds ratio 1.06, SE 0.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.12, z=2.01, P=.045) on membership in the “scientific” profile compared with the others. No direct nor indirect effects on preventive behaviors were observed.

Conclusions
Briefly viewing an infographic about science appeared to cause a small aggregate increase in trust in science, which may have, in turn, reduced the believability of COVID-19 misinformation. The effect sizes were small but commensurate with our 60-second, highly scalable intervention approach. Researchers should study the potential for truthful messaging about how science works to serve as misinformation inoculation and test how best to do so.

Trial Registration
NCT04557241; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04557241

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/24383
k-super cube root cube mean labeling of graphs
Authors: Princy Kala V. 
Published: September 2021

Consider a graph G with |V (G)| = p and |E(G)| = q and let f : V (G) → {k, k + 1, k + 2, . . . p + q + k − 1}} be an injective function. The induced edge labeling f ∗ for a vertex labeling f is defined by f ∗ (e) = for all e = uv ∈ E(G) is bijective. If f(V (G)) ∪ {f ∗ (e) : e ∈ E(G)} = {k, k + 1, k + 2, . . . , p + q + k − 1}, then f is called a k-super cube root cube mean labeling. If such labeling exists, then G is a k-super cube root cube mean graph. In this paper, I introduce k-super cube root cube mean labeling and prove the existence of this labeling to the graphs viz., triangular snake graph Tn, double triangular snake graph D(Tn), Quadrilateral snake graph Qn, double quadrilateral snake graph D(Qn), alternate triangular snake graph A(Tn), alternate double triangular snake graph AD(Tn), alternate quadrilateral snake graph A(Qn), & alternate double quadrilateral snake graph AD(Qn).
Hormonal sex reversal technique of Oreochromis niloticus larvae in a tank in the Urban Commune of Kankan, Republic of Guinea
Authors: SOROMOU Lanan Wassy , THEA Berthin , BANGOURA Yamoussa , CAMARA Aboubacar Mabinty , MAGASSOUBA Samba , KABA Odia Mamady , SIDIME Youssouf 
Published: September 2021

Hormonal sex - reversal is widely recognized as having significant advantage over both manual sexing and hybridization. The present study carried out in the aquaculture center of Kankan aimed at producing monosex male fry of Oreochromis niloticus in order to increase the yield of this species.
During this study, 95 Oreochromis niloticus broodstock including 21 males and 74 females were paired (spawned) in a spawning tank of 135 m2 surface for 15 days. The respective mean weights of the spawners were 448.6 ±157.7 g for males and 406.7±115.9 g for females. Hormonal treatment was performed on 900 larvae with an average initial weight of 0.028 g from the 10th post fertilization to the 38th day in a tank of one (1) m3. The larvae were fed with 1 kg of imported "Raanan Premium Fish" powdered feed titrated with 40% protein, mixed in a hormonal solution containing 17-α-methyltestosterone and 90% ethanol with respective doses of 100 mg and 500 ml.
At the end of hormonal treatment, 578 fry with a final average weight of 4.5 g were conducted in a pre-pregnancy tank with a surface area of 50 m2 for 30 days and yielded at the end of pre-pregnancy 501 fry with a final average weight of 13 g, a daily growth rate of 0.22 g, a specific growth rate of 1.7%, a survival rate of 64% and a mortality rate of 36%. After sex identification (sexing), the rates of hormonal treatment were 83.33% and 16.66% for males and females, respectively. In conclusion, the popularization of the results of this study could be considered as an alternative for a production of monosex male population in Oreochromis niloticus that will feed the networks of local producers to improve the production of the species throughout the country.
Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, hormone, sex, larvae and tank.
Practical management of hypertension in adults
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel 
Published: September 2021

Hypertension is the most powerful, independent, preventable risk factor for death and disability from cardiovascular diseases. Initial clinical assessment and diagnostic testing are essential to disclose; (a) secondary causes to avoid resistant cases that needs specific therapy, (b) co-morbid conditions that limits choice of drug-therapy, and (c) target organ damage that dictates specialized approach. In this review article; an algorithm for its management is outlined that includes also specific practical approach to those with emergencies, urgencies and co-morbid conditions.
Keywords: adults, coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, stroke.
Concept and Management of Meniere’s Disease in Unani Medicine-A Review
Authors: Nasir Abdul , Ahmad Minhaj , Zaidi Zehra , Zaidi SM Arif 
Published: September 2021

Meniere’s disease, also called endolymphatic hydrops, is a disorder of the inner ear where the endolymphatic system is distended due to endolymph. It is characterized by vertigo, Tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss and aural fullness. The main pathology in Meniere’s disease is distention of endolymphatic system due to increased volume of endolymph. This can result either from increased production of endolymph or its faulty absorption or both. The description of hypothyroidism as a disease is not directly found in Unani texts. However, the signs and symptoms of meniere’s disease such as Dawar (vertigo), Taneen (tinnitus), Hissi Asabi Bahrapan (sensorineural hearing loss), Seqal-e-Uzn (aural fullness) mentioned in unani medicine associated with clinical manifestation in the context of Su-e-Mizaj Barid Maddi (derangement in cold temperament) as a result of an excess production endolymph (Kasrate Ifraz-e-Androon lymph) or defective absorption of endolymph (Nuqse Jazb-e- Androon lymph) in abnormal phlegm in the internal ear. On the basis of this fact, an attempt has been herewith made to understand the disease and its management through Unani Medicine.
Keywords: Meniere’s disease, Vertigo, Tinnitus, Taneen, Deafness
Frequency and Distribution of Fok1rs 2228570 of Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Healthy Sudanese Population
Authors: Khalafalla Amira S. , Mohammed Yousif A. , Abakar Adam D. , Mergani A , Dafaalla Amer M. , Abdelwahed Mohammed , Balla Omer , Hassan Mutaz I. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Vitamin D plays a role in critical cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell development, and division. The Fok1 polymorphism in the VRD gene is T/C resulting in larger vitamin D receptor protein with lesser expression activity. Fok1 polymorphism is thought to be linked to many diseases including diabetes mellitus, cancers, and rheumatoid arthritis. The snipe also provides effective and sensitive diagnostic and predictive tools and affected by differences in ethnicity and individuals' life style. This study reports on the frequency and distribution of Fok1 SNP among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors.
Method: This cross sectional study was conduct in National Cancer Institute University of Gezira, Sudan. One hundred and forty six healthy Sudanese transplantation donors were enrolled in this study. Two ml of venous blood was collected from each participant and stored at -20 till DNA extraction. Qaigen kit was used for DNA extraction. VDR Fok1 was genotyped by CTPP-PCR with proper primers designing and PCR condition. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and analyzed by SNP Stats online tool and medical calculator.
Results: According to study results theFok1 polymorphism distributed among Sudanese with percentage of 49.9% (TT + CT), frequency of SNP variants was 69.8% regarding C allele and 30.2% for T allele, while the three genotypes was 10.2% for TT, 39.7% for TC and 50.1% for CC genotype.
Conclusion: The frequency of Fok1 VDR SNP was high among healthy Sudanese transplantation donors, this necessitate the conduction of wide area survey among other healthy Sudanese population. This intern will help in investigating the nature of the relation of this SNP with other different diseases.
Keywords: Vitamin D, Fok1rs. 2225870, VDR SNP, Sudanese