bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early developmental stages of native populations ofCiona intestinalisunder increased temperature are affected by local habitat history
Authors: Clutton Elizabeth A. , Alurralde Gaston , Repolho Tiago 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTTemperature modulates marine ectotherm physiology, influencing survival, abundance and species distribution. While native species could be susceptible to ocean warming, thermal tolerance might favour the spread of non-native species. Determining the success of invasive species in response to climate change is confounded by the cumulative, synergistic or antagonistic effects of environmental drivers, which vary at a geographical and temporal scale. Thus, an organism's acclimation or adaptive potential could play an important evolutionary role by enabling or conditioning species tolerance to stressful environmental conditions. We investigated developmental performance of early life stages of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (derived from populations of anthropogenically impacted and control sites) to an extreme weather event (i.e. marine heatwave). Fertilization rate, embryo and larval development, settlement, metamorphosis success and juvenile heart rate were assessed as experimental endpoints. With the exception of fertilization and heart rates, temperature influenced all analysed endpoints. C. intestinalis derived from control sites were the most negatively affected by increased temperature conditions. By contrast, C. intestinalis from anthropogenically impacted sites showed a positive response to thermal stress, with a higher proportion of larvae development, settlement and metamorphosis success being observed under increased temperature conditions. No differences were observed for heart rates between sampled populations and experimental temperature conditions. Moreover, interaction between temperature and populations was statistically significant for embryo and larvae development, and metamorphosis. We hypothesize that selection resulting from anthropogenic forcing could shape stress resilience of species in their native range and subsequently confer advantageous traits underlying their invasive potential.
Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework Films at Interfaces
Authors: Bai Bin , Wang Dong , Wan Li-Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The diverse topological structure, designable building blocks, ordered pores and crystalline architecture of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them attractive in many application fields. However, COF materials obtained by solvothermal synthesis are generally poorly soluble powders and difficult to post-process, which may impede some applications of COFs. The direct preparation of COF films is effective to overcome the limitations of poor solubility of COFs. This article reviews the synthesis of COF films at interfaces and the applications of COF films. At first, the synthesis strategies for preparing monolayer COF with large crystalline domains on solid substrates are introduced. Then we discuss interface synthesis methods, including solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interface, for various COF films. Subsequently, the applications of COF film in many fields such as photoelectric conversion, fluorescence, electronic devices, chemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and molecular separation are introduced briefly. Finally, prospects for the interface synthesis and application expansion of COF films are discussed.
Hypervalent Organo-λ3-chloranes
Authors: Miyamoto Kazunori , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypervalent halogen species such as organoiodine(III and V) compounds have long been used as electrophiles/oxidants in organic synthesis, but recent years have seen the emergence of a new class of hypervalent halogen species, organobromine(III) and organochlorine(III) compounds (also termed organo-λ3-bromanes and λ3-chloranes). In this review, we will cover recent developments in the synthesis and synthetic applications of functionalized λ3-chloranes. 1. Introduction; 2. Diaryl-λ3-chloranes; 3. Alkenyl(aryl)-λ3-chloranes; 4. Dialkyl-λ3-chloranes; 5. Chloronium ylides; 6. Carboranyl-λ3-chloranes; 7. Conclusion
Mid-infrared pulsed nanosecond difference frequency generation of oxide LGN crystal up to 5.7 µm
Authors: Cui Chen , Lu Dazhi , Liang Fei , Wang Jiyang , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate the tunable difference frequency generation (DFG) of an oxide

L
a

3

G
a

5.5

N
b

0.5

O

14

(LGN) crystal pumped by near-infrared lasers with nanosecond pulses for the first time to our knowledge. The type I and II phase-matching conditions of DFG were calculated in the mid-infrared region. With the processed LGN crystals, tunable lasers in the wavelength range from 4.4 to 5.7 µm and 4.56 to 5.6 µm were achieved under type II and I phase-matching conditions, respectively, with the maximum output energy of 13.1 µJ, which agreed well with the theoretical calculation. This work provides the kind of promising mid-infrared nonlinear crystals for the pumping of nanosecond pulsed lasers as well as a tunable mid-infrared laser source at a wavelength over 5 µm in further photonic applications.
Drug resistance gene mutations and treatment outcomes in MDR-TB: A prospective study in Eastern China
Authors: Liu Qiao , Yang Dandan , Qiu Beibei , Martinez Leonardo , Ji Ye , Song Huan , Li Zhongqi , Wang Jianming 
Published: January 2021

Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a serious challenge to TB control. It is of great value to search for drug resistance mutation sites and explore the roles that they play in the diagnosis and prognosis of MDR-TB.

Methods
We consecutively enrolled MDR-TB patients from five cities in Jiangsu Province, China, between January 2013 and December 2014. Drug susceptibility tests of rifampin, isoniazid, ofloxacin, and kanamycin were routinely performed by proportion methods on Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium. Drug resistance-related genes were sequenced, and the consistency of genetic mutations and phenotypic resistance was compared. The association between mutations and treatment outcomes was expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Among 87 MDR-TB patients, 71 with treatment outcomes were involved in the analysis. The proportion of successful treatment was 50.7% (36/71). The rpoB gene exhibited the highest mutation rate (93.0%) followed by katG (70.4%), pncA (33.8%), gyrA (29.6%), eis (15.5%), rrs (12.7%), gyrB (9.9%) and rpsA (4.2%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that patients with pncA gene mutations (adjusted OR: 19.69; 95% CI: 2.43–159.33), advanced age (adjusted OR: 13.53; 95% CI: 1.46–124.95), and nonstandard treatment (adjusted OR: 7.72; 95% CI: 1.35–44.35) had a significantly higher risk of poor treatment outcomes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene mutations may be related to phenotypic drug susceptibility. The pncA gene mutation along with treatment regimen and age are associated with the treatment outcomes of MDR-TB.
Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from administrative data: A population-based cohort study from Italy
Authors: Orlando Valentina , Rea Federico , Savaré Laura , Guarino Ilaria , Mucherino Sara , Perrella Alessandro , Trama Ugo , Coscioni Enrico , Menditto Enrica , Corrao Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

Background
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly worldwide increasing exponentially in Italy. To date, there is lack of studies describing clinical characteristics of the people at high risk of infection. Hence, we aimed (i) to identify clinical predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, (ii) to develop and validate a score predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, and (iii) to compare it with unspecific scores.

Methods
Retrospective case-control study using administrative health-related database was carried out in Southern Italy (Campania region) among beneficiaries of Regional Health Service aged over than 30 years. For each person with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection (case), up to five controls were randomly matched for gender, age and municipality of residence. Odds ratios and 90% confidence intervals for associations between candidate predictors and risk of infection were estimated by means of conditional logistic regression. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Score (SIS) was developed by generating a total aggregate score obtained from assignment of a weight at each selected covariate using coefficients estimated from the model. Finally, the score was categorized by assigning increasing values from 1 to 4. Discriminant power was used to compare SIS performance with that of other comorbidity scores.

Results
Subjects suffering from diabetes, anaemias, Parkinson’s disease, mental disorders, cardiovascular and inflammatory bowel and kidney diseases showed increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Similar estimates were recorded for men and women and younger and older than 65 years. Fifteen conditions significantly contributed to the SIS. As SIS value increases, risk progressively increases, being odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection among people with the highest SIS value (SIS = 4) 1.74 times higher than those unaffected by any SIS contributing conditions (SIS = 1).

Conclusion
Conditions and diseases making people more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified by the current study. Our results support decision-makers in identifying high-risk people and adopting of preventive measures to minimize the spread of further epidemic waves.
A randomized clinical trial of a new anti–cervical stenosis device after conization by loop electrosurgical excision
Authors: Vieira Marcelo de Andrade , de Araújo Raphael Leonardo Cunha , da Cunha Andrade Carlos Eduardo Mattos , Schmidt Ronaldo Luis , Filho Agnaldo Lopes , Reis Ricardo dos 
Published: January 2021

Background
The complications inherent to conization include vaginal bleeding, cervical stenosis, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and deep dyspareunia. Cervical stenosis is the most important complication due to the clinical repercussions. Studies show rates of cervical stenosis ranging from 1.3 to 19% after the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP).

Objective
Our primary outcome was to compare the role of a new endocervical device to prevent cervical stenosis after LEEP in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).

Methods
A randomized clinical trial was performed including phases II and III for evaluation of a new device for cervical stenosis prevention. In Phase II, we included 25 patients who underwent LEEP and placement of the device to assess its toxicity and efficacy. In phase III, we compared two groups (with and without the use of an anti-stenosis device) to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Results
From August 2015 to June 2018, 265 participants were randomized (Phase II: 25, Phase III: 120 with DUDA and 120 without DUDA). The toxicity during phase II was observed in only one patient (4%) with pain grade > 7. There were 7 cases of toxicity during Phase III, 2 in the DUDA group (1.8%), and 5 in the No DUDA group (4.5%). The complications rate was numerically higher in the No DUDA group (2.5x higher) than the DUDA group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.52). The rate of cervical stenosis in DUDA group was (4–7,3%), and in No DUDA group was (4.3–5.8%) (p = 0.5). We did not find a significant difference when comparing the evolution at 3, 6, and 12 months in terms of cervical patency and visualization of the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) during colposcopy. The DUDA group exhibited 15% to 19% nonvisualization of the SCJ, whereas that rate ranged from 10 to 12% in the No DUDA group.

Conclusions
The rate of cervical stenosis was not different comparing the use of a new device, specifically produced to prevent cervical stenosis, compared to no use after LEEP procedure. This clinical trial opens up space for a discussion of the utility of using cervical stenosis devices after LEEP. Perhaps in another type of conization it can be evaluated to avoid cervical stenosis.
Effects of dose titration on adherence and treatment duration of pregabalin among patients with neuropathic pain: A MarketScan database study
Authors: Yeh Yu-Chen , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Marston Xiaocong L. , Shelbaya Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Objective
To examine pregabalin dose titration and its impact on treatment adherence and duration in patients with neuropathic pain (NeP).

Methods
MarketScan database (2009–2014) was used to extract a cohort of incident adult pregabalin users with NeP who had at least 12 months of follow-up data. Any dose augmentation within 45 days following the first pregabalin claim was defined as dose titration. Adherence (measured by medication possession ratio/MPR) and persistence (measured as the duration of continuous treatment) were compared between the cohorts with and without dose titration. Logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify the factors associated with adherence (MPR ≥ 0.8) and predictors of time to discontinuation.

Results
Among the 5,186 patients in the analysis, only 18% of patients had dose titration. Patients who had dose titration were approximately 2.6 times as likely to be adherent (MPR ≥ 0.8) (odds ratio = 2.59, P < 0.001) than those who did not have dose titration. Kaplan-Meier analysis shows that the time to discontinuation or switch was significantly longer among patients who had dose titration (4.99 vs. 4.04 months, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
Dose titration was associated with improved treatment adherence and persistence among NeP patients receiving pregabalin. The findings will provide valuable evidence to increase physician awareness of dose recommendations in the prescribing information and to educate patients on the importance of titration and adherence.
Understanding the educational needs of parenting athletes involved in sport and education: The parents’ view
Authors: Gjaka Masar , Tessitore Antonio , Blondel Laurence , Bozzano Enrico , Burlot Fabrice , Debois Nadine , Delon Dominique , Figueiredo Antonio , Foerster Joerg , Gonçalves Carlos , Guidotti Flavia , Pesce Caterina , Pišl Andrej , Rheinisch Eoin , Rolo Ana , Ryan Gary , Templet Anne , Varga Kinga , Warrington Giles , Capranica Laura , MacDonncha Ciaran , Doupona Mojca 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundDespite the fact that an educational programme for parents of youth tennis players has been launched recently, there is a need to empower parents of athletes in sustaining the combination of education and sport careers (i.e., dual career) of their talented and elite athletes across sports. The aim of this study was to explore the parents’ view of their role as dual career supporters and their need for educational support in this area.MethodsIn total, 115 parents (F = 49, M = 66) of athletes (14–23 yrs) engaged in full time academic education (high school/university) and competitive (e.g., National, International) sports (individual = 12, team = 9) in five European Member States (e.g., France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia) took part in national workshops. The workshops involved discussing five themes and agreeing statements relevant to assist parents supporting their children as dual career athletes: 1) the athletes’ needs; 2) the sports environment; 3) the academic environment; 4) dual career-related policies and services; 5) The educational methods for parenting dual career athletes.ResultsA final list of 80 agreed statements were identified: 25 statements mainly related to the sports entourage; 23 to information on dual career-related policies and services; 22 to the athletes’ needs; 17 to the academic entourage, and 8 to the relevant educational resources to parenting dual career athletes, respectively.ConclusionsThis cross-national qualitative research synthesized the parents’ perspectives about their needs and the most relevant content of an educational programme for parenting dual career athletes. The findings of this research will help influence the formulation of effective education strategies on parenting dual career athletes to ensure an optimal supportive environment for the successful combination of high-level sport and education careers.
Comparative efficacy of different ultrasound-guided ablation for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Linye , Zhao Wanjun , Xia Zijing , Su Anping , Li Zhihui , Zhu Jingqiang 
Published: January 2021

Background
Percutaneous ablation is currently deemed an additionally treatment option for benign thyroid nodules in the world, but possibly different effect among the ablation modalities is not clear. So we aim to evaluate the efficacy and complications of thermal/chemical ablation by network meta-analysis.

Materials and methods
In the network meta-analysis, PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from 1980 to 2020. Studies of adults with thyroid benign nodules under percutaneous ablation therapy were included. Percentage mean volume change, symptom score change, cosmetic score change and complications were evaluated by network meta-analysis.

Results
In the network meta-analysis, Radiofrequency Ablation(RFA) with 2 treatment sessions group was associated with the highest reduction for the mean volume change during 6-month follow-up (MD = 79.09 and 95% CrI:48.23–89.94). There is no significant difference in the incidence of complications. Subgroup analysis showed that 2 sessions of Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) ranks the highest probability (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values 77.9) of being the most efficacious treatment for solid or predominantly solid benign nodules. Ethanol ablation (EA) ranked first (SUCRA value 81.1) in the treatment for cyst or predominantly cyst benign nodules.

Conclusion
RFA appears to be superior to other US-guided percutaneous ablation in reducing benign thyroid nodule volume during short- and long-term follow-up. In the subgroup analysis, RFA with 2 treatment sessions showed the most significant effectiveness for solid benign thyroid nodules and EA showed more effectiveness to decrease the volume of cyst benign thyroid nodules.
Impact of work-family balance results on employee work engagement within the organization: The case of Slovenia
Authors: Žnidaršič Jasmina , Bernik Mojca 
Published: January 2021

Background and purposeOrganizations strive to increase the work engagement of their employees, as engaged employees are more productive employees, but often neglect the significant effects of work-family balance on work engagement. Numerous studies confirm the importance of work-family balance and work engagement, but there is lack of research that explores the relationship between the concepts. Our research fills a research gap in investigating the impact of work-family balance on work engagement, both directly and through individual perceptions of organizational support for work-family balance. The main aim of our research is to empirically test the relationships between the policies and practices of organizations regarding work-family balance, work-life balance and work engagement.MethodsUsing validated questionnaires, we collected data on organizational support for work-family balance (family-friendly policies and practices, support by leader, support by co-workers, working hours and complexity of work), work-family balance and work engagement. The quantitative data for our analysis was collected through a survey of 343 online participants who were employees in various positions in companies in Slovenia.The resultsOur results show that the organization's work-family balance policies and practices, such as support by leader, co-workers, and family-friendly policies and practices, have a positive impact on the individual's work-family balance, that work-family balance leads to an increase in work engagement, and that the individual's perception of the organization's work-family balance support leads to an increase in work engagement.ConclusionKnowledge of important work-family balance implications with an understanding of organizational support for work-family balance and the relationships between the constructs of work-family balance and work engagement can be beneficial to business leaders. This understanding can help them to strengthen employee work engagement through family-friendly policies and practices, and thereby contributing to the area of employee behavior and improving employee productivity.
Stunting at birth and associated factors among newborns delivered at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital
Authors: Gonete Almaz Tefera , Kassahun Bogale , Mekonnen Eskedar Getie , Takele Wubet Worku 
Published: January 2021

Background
Stunting at birth is a chronic form of undernutrition majorly attributable to poor prenatal nutrition, which could persist in children’s later life and impact their physical and cognitive health. Although multiple studies have been conducted in Ethiopia to show the magnitude of stunting and factors, all are concentrated on children aged between 6 to 59 months. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence and associated factors of stunting at birth among newborns delivered at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 26th to April 25th/2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used, to select a total of 422 newborn-mother pairs. The binary logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with stunting and all independent variables were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model to adjust for confounders. Variables that had significant association were identified based on p-value < 0.05 and the adjusted odds ratio with its respective 95% confidence interval was applied to determine the strength as well as the direction of the association.

Results
About 30.5% (95% CI: 26.3%, 35.1%) of newborns were stunted at birth. Being male [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.9(1.62, 5.21)], newborns conceived in Kiremt(rainy season) [AOR = 2.7(1.49, 4.97)], being low birth weight [AOR = 3.1(1.64, 6.06)] were factors associated with stunting at birth. Likewise, newborns born to short stature mothers [AOR = 2.8(1.21, 6.62)] and chronically malnourished mothers [AOR = 15.3(8.12, 29.1)] were at greater risk of being stunted.

Conclusion
Just under a third of newborns are stunted at birth, implying a pressing public health problem. Newborns born to chronically malnourished and short stature mothers were more stunted. Besides, stunting was prevalently observed among male neonates, newborns conceived in Kiremet, and being low birth weight. Thus, policymakers and nutrition programmers should work on preventing maternal undernutrition through nutrition education to reduce the burden of low birth weight and stunting. Further, paying due attention to newborns conceived in Kiremet season to improve nutritional status is recommended.