bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan Based Dexibuprofen Nanoparticles Using Ionotropic Gelation Method
Authors: S.Vivekanandan  , Berit Lindholm  , K.Raghunandan  Reddy  , P. Venkatesan  
Published: December 2021

Dexibuprofen is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of racemic ibuprofen (NSAID), which is used to treat pain and inflammation. Like common NSAIDs, Dexibuprofen is an active enantiomer of ibuprofen that suppresses the prostanoid synthesis in the inflammatory cells via inhibition of the COX-2 isoform of the arachidonic acid COX. The therapeutic use of Dexibuprofen is limited by the rapidity of the onset of its action and its short biological half-life. Hence, our aim was to develop Dexibuprofen nanoparticles formulation to overcome these disadvantages using optimized concentration of polymers by appropriate methods for nanoparticle preparation. The drug and the nanoparticle formulation of Dexibuprofen F11 were comparatively assessed for FT IR spectrums by using FT-IR method. The DSC study was used as one of the tool to assess the compatibility between drug and the excipients. As per DSC thermograms, the drug as well as drug with mixture of excipients chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate had shown no interactions with dexibuprofen. The ionotropic gelation method was used to prepare Dexibuprofen nanoparticles. The chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) of different concentrations were used as polymers to prepare Dexibuprofen nanoparticles. Total eleven different formulations were explored with different concentrations of drug : polymer ratios using ionotropic gelation method to identify optimal concentrations of polymer. Among different formulations, F11 formulation with optimized concentration of 5% chitosan and 1% Sodium tripolyphosphate polymers along with Dexibuprofen showed maximum drug release. The objective was to evaluate the developed Dexibuprofen nanoparticles. In-vitro drug release was evaluated in 0.05M phosphate buffer pH7.2 and found that the drug release of F11 formulation of Dexibuprofen nanoparticle had shown release till 24 hours more than that of other trials. Hence, F11 formulation was considered as the optimized nanoparticle formulation to control drug release till 24 hours. The entrapment efficacy of the formulated Nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 75.48%-91.22% respectively.
Brugerinddragelse: Buzzword, blålys eller bæredygtighed
Authors: Helm Lise Lotte 
Published: December 2021

Denne artikel sætter fokus på, hvad der skal til, for at brugerinddragelse på det sociale område kan blive en realitet. Artiklens pointe er, at brugerinddragelse kun bliver bæredygtige tiltag, hvis den prioriteres og koordineres i en fleksibel implementering på alle niveauer i det samfundsmæssige system. Brugerinddragelse forbliver let et blålys eller et buzzword uden etisk substans, hvis ikke også de politiske og organisatoriske rammer for borgere og behandlere rummer reelle muligheder for fleksibilitet, kreativitet, differentiering og forandring.

Artiklen bygger på et aktionsforskningsprojekt vedr. organisatorisk brugerinddragelse på Holmstrupgård, en socialpsykiatrisk døgninstitution for unge og unge voksne i Region Midtjylland (Helm, 2020). Derud over bygger artiklen på to litteraturstudier. Det ene udarbejdet ifm. Ph.d.-projektet, det andet i forlængelse af projektet. Tilsammen viser undersøgelserne, at det gennem afstemt kommunikation er muligt at inddrage borgerne i dialog og i beslutninger af organisatorisk karakter i det omfang lovgivning, standarder, institutionelle rammer, strukturer og forventninger giver plads til det, men at det omvendt også er disse faktorer, der direkte eller indirekte medvirker til at danne barrierer for brugerinddragelsen.
Remittances and Economic Growth in Niger: An Error Correction Mechanism Approach
Authors: Oumarou Issoufou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Migration has for a long time been a significant source of revenue for a huge number of persons in the Republic of Niger. In order to improve their families living condition, a great number of young people in Niger follow the migration path. In 2019, a total of 293 million U.S. dollars has been sent by migrants to their family members in Niger (World Bank, 2019), that is 3% of Niger GDP. The study used various time series econometric techniques including unit root test, Engle-Granger cointegration test, vector equilibrium correction method and some diagnostic tests on the residuals to inspect the connection between remittances and economic growth in Niger. The empirical results showed that there is the existence of a long run relationship between remittances and economic growth in Niger. The error correction term’s coefficient shows that about 51.62% of the discrepancy between long run and short run is corrected with a yearly data suggesting an acceptable rate of adjustment to equilibrium. Also, in the short run ceteris paribus a 10% increase in the remittances would lead to 2.03% increase in Niger Gross Domestic Product.
Reconnaissance et Pertinence
Authors: Duportail Guy-Félix 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It is question in this text of analyzing the intention to mean something to somebody in the light of the husserlian concept of intentionality. The communication is described there as aiming at the cooperation between the persons by means of ostensive appearance of some of their intentions, on the foundation of the desire of recognition. The constituent role of the communication for any Community is put in it in evidence.
Zur Sprache kommen - Von der Sprachlichkeit des Menschseins
Authors: Angehrn Emil 
Published: December 2021

Der Mensch ist das sprechende Lebewesen. So lautet eine der ältesten Definitionen des Menschen, die heute – auch mit Blick auf neuere Forschungen zur Tiersprache und zur Computersprache – zu präzisieren und zu begründen ist: Wie bildet sich die Sprache im menschlichen Leben heraus? Was beinhaltet das Sprachvermögen und welches ist seine existentielle Bedeutung für den Menschen? Dass der Mensch sich äußern und anderen mitteilen kann, dass er mit Worten die Welt erkunden und erfassen kann, dass er sich über sich verständigen kann – all dies gehört zum Wunder der Sprache, das sein Leben im Ganzen durchdringt. Sprache, das zeigt dieser Band, ermöglicht es dem Menschen, ein wahrhaft menschliches Leben zu führen.
Dante und das Gedächtnis - Eine interdisziplinäre Studie
Authors: Monaco Elisa 
Published: December 2021

Mit dem Aufkommen der christlichen Redekunst und den Überlegungen zum Wesen des Menschen tun sich neue Blickpunkte auf das Gedächtnis auf, die der Dichter Dante Alighieri auf beispiellose Weise in seinem Werk verarbeitet.
Elisa Monaco rekonstruiert in ihrem Buch die philosophischen sowie anthropologischen, aber auch literaturtheoretischen Dimensionen des Gedächtnisses bei Dante. Sie analysiert die Idee des Gedächtnisses als Buch, die als Brennpunkt für das neue Selbstverständnis des Dichter-Autors dient, und untersucht die ambivalente Deutung des Ruhmes und die Idee vom Gedächtnis als Raum in Dantes Texten. Ebenso geht ihr Buch der Frage nach, wo Dante Gedächtnis und Erinnerung innerhalb des ‹Seelenkörpers› verortet. Damit zusammenhängend beschreibt sie Dantes Vorstellung des Erinnerungswegs, die im körperlichen Gedächtnis und in der liturgischen Performanz Ausdruck findet.
Formação e aprendizagem docente: como os professores aprendem a ser professores?
Authors: Do Nascimento dos Santos Rodrigues Daliane , Lopes da Silva Maria do Socorro , Rodrigues Lima Kátia Regina 
Published: December 2021

Neste estudo busca-se analisar que concepções de aprendizagem docente se constituem na visão de professores em exercício. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com seis professores, que, através de suas narrativas, evidenciaram a experiência cotidiana como elemento determinante do aprendizado docente. Tal aprendizado é permeado pelo desejo de ser ou não professor, pelas angústias da trajetória docente e pela relação entre teoria e prática. Constatou-se que a reflexão sobre a aprendizagem docente é necessária, principalmente analisada pela perspectiva do professor. Os cursos de formação precisam conhecê-las e considerá-las para oportunizar um conhecimento significativo, que venha a contribuir com o trabalho docente.
Palavras-chave: Formação; Aprendizagem Docente; Ser Professor.
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kulit Langsat (Lansium parasiticum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis Secara In Vitro
Authors: Ardi Andhini , Sumantri Dedi , Adnan Surma 
Published: December 2021

Enterococcus faecalis is a bacteria that commonly found in secondary root canal infections. Enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria. Langsat (Lansium parasiticum) is a natural ingredient that contains secondary metabolites and has antibacterial ativity. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibition effect of langsat fruit peel extract (Lansium parasiticum) to the growth of Enterococcus faecalis. This was a laboratory experimental study with post-only control group design. Langsat fruit peel extract with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentration was using disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the inhibition zone was measured with a sliding caliper. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whithney test. The result of this study was langsat fruit peel extract with 25%, 50%, 75% concentration showed a inhibition zone, while at 100% showed no inhibition zone. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significant differences (p <0.05) between all groups. The conclusion was langsat fruit peel extract (Lansium parasiticum) have weak inhibition effect of the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The inhibition zone of concentrations 25% : 2,20 mm; 50%: 0,94 mm; 75%: 0,36 mm and 100% : 0,00 mm.
Comparison of Hip and Low Back Loads between Normal Gait, Axillary Crutch Ambulation and Walking with a Hands-free Crutch in a Healthy Population
Authors: Orishimo Karl , Shapira Amir , Kremenic Ian , McHugh Malachy , Nicholas Stephen 
Published: December 2021

Background Instead of using axillary crutches, using a hands-free crutch (HFC) has been associated with higher functional outcome scores. However, hip and back pain have been reported as side effects. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to compare range of motion and joint reaction forces at the hip and low back between HFC walking, normal walking, and standard crutch walking. It was hypothesized that hip joint reaction forces and low back joint reaction forces would be higher with HFC walking compared with normal walking and axillary crutch walking. Study Design Controlled Laboratory Study Methods Using 3D motion analysis and force plates, kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured in 12 healthy subjects during gait, crutch ambulation and HFC walking. Gait speed, hip and trunk range of motion, and hip and low back reaction forces, were compared using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results Gait speed during HFC ambulation was reduced 33% compared to crutch ambulation (P<0.001) and 44% compared to normal gait (p<0.001). Hip range of motion was reduced during both crutch conditions compared to gait (p<0.001). Trunk range of motion was greatest during HFC walking compared to both gait and crutch ambulation (p<0.001). Peak hip joint reaction force during HFC walking was 11% lower than during gait (p=0.026) and 30% lower than during crutch walking (p<0.001). Peak low back reaction force during HFC walking was 18% higher than during gait (p=0.032) but not different than during crutch walking. Conclusion Hip joint reaction forces during HFC walking did not exceed those during gait or axillary crutch ambulation. However, a reduction in hip motion using the HFC was associated with increases in trunk motion and low-back loading. These could be a cause for reports of low-back pain accompanying HFC usage. Level of Evidence Level 3
Ultrasonographic Validation for Needle Placement in the Tibialis Posterior Muscle
Authors: Albin Stephanie R. , Hoffman Larisa R. , MacDonald Cameron W. , Boriack Micah , Heyn Lauren , Schuler Kaleb , Taylor Annika , Walker Jennie , Koppenhaver Shane L. , Reinking Mark F. 
Published: December 2021

Background The tibialis posterior (TP) muscle plays an important role in normal foot function. Safe, efficacious therapeutic approaches addressing this muscle are necessary; however, the location of the muscle in the deep posterior compartment can create challenges. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of needle placement in the TP muscle and determine the needle placement in relation to the neurovascular structures located within the deep compartment. Design Cross Sectional Study. Methods Needle placement and ultrasound imaging were performed on 20 healthy individuals. A 50 mm or 60 mm needle was inserted between 30 - 50% of the tibial length measured from the medial tibiofemoral joint. The needle was inserted in a medial to lateral direction into the right extremity with the patient in right side lying. Placement of the needle into the TP muscle was verified with ultrasound imaging, and the shortest distance from the needle to the posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve was measured. The depth from the skin to the superficial border of the TP muscle was also measured. Results Ultrasonography confirmed the needle filament was inserted into the TP muscle in all 20 individuals and did not penetrate the neurovascular bundle in any individual. The mean distance from the needle to the tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery was 10.0 + 4.7 mm and 10.2 + 4.7 mm respectively. The superficial border of the TP muscle from the skin was at a mean depth of 25.8 + 4.9 mm. Conclusion This ultrasound imaging needle placement study supports placement of a solid filament needle into the TP muscle with avoidance of the neurovascular structures of the deep posterior compartment when placed from a medial to lateral direction at 30-50% of the tibial length. Level of Evidence 2b
DILEMATIKA KEBIJAKAN KETENAGALISTRIKAN DALAM USAHA PENYEDIAAN TENAGA LISTRIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Arifin Yusuf Rachmat 
Published: December 2021

<p align="center">Abstrak</p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dilematika dalam tata kelola kebijakan pada usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik di Indonesia. Berangkat dari permasalahan dalam tata kelola kebijakan pada sektor ketenagalistrikan yang dinilai banyak kalangan sarat akan benturan kepentingan serta berdampak terhadap pelayanan dalam penyediaan tenaga listrik untuk kepentingan umum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dilematika dalam tata kelola kebijakan pada usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik di Indonesia. Dengan model penelitian deskriptif analitis dan didukung dengan pendekatan secara yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PT. PLN (Persero) merupakan representatif dari negara dalam melakukan usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik di Indonesia. Dengan adanya dilematika hukum dalam tubuh PT. PLN (Persero) maka berimplikasi luas terhadap dilematika kebijakan ketenagalistrikan nasional. Akibatnya, keberjalanan di sektor ketenagalistrikan di Indonesia cenderung lambat perkembangannya.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Dilematika, Kebijakan, Ketenagalistrikan</p><p> </p><p align="center"><em>A</em><em>bstract</em></p><p><em>The purpose of this study is to analyze the dilemmas in policy governance in the business of providing electricity in Indonesia. Departing from the problems in the governance of policies in the electricity sector which are considered by many to be full of conflicts of interest and impact on services in the supply of electricity for the public interest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dilemmas in policy governance in the business of providing electricity in Indonesia. With a descriptive analytical research model and supported by a normative juridical approach. This study concluded that PT. PLN (Persero) is a representative of the state in conducting electricity supply business in Indonesia. With the legal dilemma in the body of PT. PLN (Persero) has broad implications for the national electricity policy dilemma. As a result, travel in the electricity sector in Indonesia tends to be slow in its development.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Dilemmatic, Policy, Electricity</em></p>
FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KETERABAIAN HAK-HAK ANAK PASCAPERCERAIAN
Authors: Mardi Oxys , Fatmariza Fatmariza 
Published: December 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab penelantaran hak-hak anak pada keluarga yang bercerai di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalah mengenai penelantaran hak-hak anak yang ditemukan di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang. Kebaharuan dari penelitian ini adalah belum adanya penelitian tentang faktor keterabaian hak-hak anak pasca putusan cerai yang ada di Kota Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga hal, yaitu: alasan orang tua menelantarkan hak-hak anak pada keluarga yang bercerai di Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung Kota Padang disebabkan karena suami kebanyakan berpenghasilan kecil dan tidak memiliki pekerjaan yang tetap sehingga dalam melaksanakan kewajibanya berupa pemenuhan hak-hak anak; Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelantaran hak-hak anak disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi sehingga berdampak pada psikologis anak sehingga diperlukan peran optimal dari pengadilan agama, BP4, keluarga, dan masyarakat dalam mengentaskan permasalahan tersebut.</p>
REPOSISI ATAS PENGURANGAN PENGHASILAN KENA PAJAK DENGAN MEMBAYAR ZAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBAYAR ZAKAT
Authors: Nugroho Erik Eko , Arifin Zaenal , Sulistyani Diah , Soegianto Soegianto 
Published: December 2021

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis reposisi zakat atas pengurangan penghasilan kena pajak dengan membayar zakat sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar zakat. Zakat dan pajak bagi umat muslim merupakan beban ganda yang wajib dipenuhi. Untuk meminimalisasi dua kewajiban tersebut dibuat kebijakan dimana zakat yang telah dibayarkan bisa mengurangi Penghasilan Kena Pajak (PKP). Metode pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis, data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data adalah studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan atas pengurangan penghasilan kena pajak dengan membayar zakat sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar zakat adalah zakat yang telah dibayarkan melalui lembaga zakat yang disahkan oleh pemerintah dapat digunakan sebagai pengurang panghasilan kena pajak (PKP) sehingga pajak yang harus dibayar menjadi berkurang. Reposisi atas pengurangan penghasilan kena pajak dengan membayar zakat sebagai upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar zakat layak dilakukan mengingat masih rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar zakat. Masyarakat yang awalnya merasa keberatan atas beban ganda yaitu kewajiban berupa pajak dan zakat, dapat menjalankan kewajiban membayar pajak dan zakat seiring sejalan.</p>
KEWENANGAN POLRI DALAM PEMBUBARAN ORMAS YANG TELAH DIBATALKAN STATUS HUKUMNYA
Authors: Zulianto Zulianto , Junaidi Muhammad , Soegianto Soegianto , Sadono Bambang 
Published: December 2021

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan membahas kewenangan Polri dalam pembubaran ormas yang telah dibatalkan status hukumnya, Untuk menganalisis dan membahas kendala dan solusi atas kewenangan Polri dalam pembubaran ormas yang telah dibatalkan status hukumnya. Setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan meyakini kepercayaan, menyatakan pikiran dan sikap sesuai dengan hati nuraninya. setiap orang berhak atas kebebasan hak berserikat, berkumpul dan mengeluarkan pendapat, penjelasan dalam Pasal 28 E ayat (2) UUD 1945. Penerbitan Perppu 2 tahun 2017 tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan, merupakan landasan dalam pencabutan status HTI. Kepolisian berwenang mengambil tindakan tegas atas setiap dugaan pelanggaran Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) Organisasi Kemasyarakatan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Kepolisian berwenang mengambil tindakan tegas atas setiap dugaan pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh ormas yang tidak taat terhadap peraturan yang ada, termasuk kepada anggota Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) yang lembaganya telah dibubarkan pemerintah.Hak memberikan sanksi pidana ada di tangan polisi sebab Perppu merupakan produk hukum yang setara dengan Undang-undang. Penerapan sanksi atas pelanggaran Undang-Undang dimiliki aparat kepolisian. Perjalanan penerapan perppu ada pelanggaran hukum yang menjurus ke aspek pidana, maka nanti tugasnya polisi bukan Satpol PP. Dalam menjalankan kewenangan Polri terdapat beberapa hambatan, yaitu sebagai berikut : faktor hukum, faktor penegakan hukum, faktor sarana atau fasilitas pendukung, faktor masyarakat, faktor kebudayaan. Dalam mengatasi hambatan yaitu memberikan pemahaman yang benar kepada masyarakat tentang pelaksanaan tugas dan kewenangan Polri dalam mengawasi ormas dan menindak ormas yang melakukan tindak pidana, diantaranya dilakukan dengan cara:tindakan preemtif, preventif dan represif.</p><p> </p><p> </p></div>
LOGIKA MONOLOG DALAM TRIKOTOMI RELASI PADA PROSES PRA-ADJUDIKASI
Authors: Marbun Rocky , Oedoyo Wibisono , Sinaga Debby Monica 
Published: December 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses pertukaran pesan dan tanda dalam suatu komunikasi antara tersangka/terdakwa atau penasihat hukumnya dengan Penyidik dan Penuntut Umum, pada dasarnya, bukanlah merupakan proses kontaminasi biner. Dimana, Penyidik dan Penuntut Umum sebagai pemegang kekuasaan merupakan oposisi biner “<em>the central</em>” melakukan produksi pengetahuan berbasis kepada kepentingannya. Pada akhirnya, proses permintaan turunan BAP dan Berkas Perkara tersebut, lebih dinuansai oleh logika monolog dimana ketidakmampuan tersangka/terdakwa atau penasihat hukumnya untuk membantah atau menyanggah pengetahuan yang menyimpangi teks Pasal 72 KUHAP <em>jo </em>Pasal 143 ayat (4) KUHAP, yang patut diduga pula sebagai upaya langgengkan kepentingan dari pemiliki otoritas dengan tidak menyiapkan upaya hukum atas penolakan tersebut. Padahal, rangkaian teks Pasal 72 <em>jo </em> Pasal 143 ayat (4) KUHAP seharusnya dimaknai sebagaimana landasan filosofis dalam Konsideran Menimbang huruf a KUHAP sebagai suatu bentuk perlindungan atas hak yang asasi dari tersangka/terdakwa guna melakukan dan mempersiapkan pembelaan bagi dirinya dalam proses persidangan. Pembentukan logika monolog tersebut bertitik tolak dari suatu perumusan masalah yaitu Bagaimana pembentukan logika monolog dalam praktik peradilan pidana dalam kaitannya penerapan Pasal 72 KUHAP <em>jo</em> Pasal 143 ayat (4) KUHAP? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah adanya suatu bentuk ujaran/tindak tuturan dalam suatu proses komunikasi sebagai semiotika konotatif terhadap norma hukum Pasal 72 KUHAP <em>jo</em> Pasal 143 ayat (4) KUHAP, yang menghindari kewajiban normatif dari Penyidik dan Penuntut Umum terhadap tersangka/terdakwa.</p>