bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diffusion mechanism of the application of intelligent manufacturing in SMEs model based on cellular automata
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Sijia , Fan Wenqi , Tang Fangqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the characteristics of intelligent manufacturing and the theory of technology diffusion, this paper constructs a cellular automata model with government support policy, information exchange, technology maturity, diffusion intermediary, and market competition as the influencing factors and analyzes the influence mechanism of the first three main factors on the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in industrial clusters using MATLAB. This paper also makes an empirical analysis of the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in the bearing industry cluster in Xinchang County and finds that the results are basically consistent by comparing the simulation data with the fit degree of the real data. In this paper, the diffusion intermediary and government support policy have the greatest influence on the application of intelligent manufacturing in small- and medium-sized enterprises, and the model proposed in this paper is effective.
Lateral vs. Supine Positioning for Femoral Intramedullary Nailing: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies
Authors: Sarraj Mohamed , Axelrod Daniel E , Zhu Sarah , Johal Herman 
Published: April 2021

Femoral shaft fractures are devastating injuries that usually result from high-energy mechanisms in victims of poly-trauma. Reamed and statically locked intramedullary nailing (IMN) is the definitive treatment modality for femoral shaft fractures. Patients are most commonly positioned either supine or lateral decubitus. There remains considerable concern regarding the safety of lateral positioning in the traumatized patient, particularly in the management of a potentially difficult airway or concomitant C-spine injuries. We therefore undertook a systematic review of intraoperative positioning among patients with femoral shaft fractures following PRISMA guidelines. Title and abstract screening, full text screening, and data abstraction were all completed in duplicate. Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) scores were used to evaluate methodological quality. Results: 3018 studies were included in initial screening, with three studies ultimately meeting all inclusion criteria. A total of 1,949 patients were analyzed, with 684 patients treated in lateral positioning and 1,215 patients in supine positioning. Level of agreement was strong across title (κ = 0.872; 95% CI 0.794 to 0.951), abstract (κ = 0.801; 95% CI 0.585 to 1.000), and full-text screening (κ = 1.000). The consensus mean MINORS score of included studies was 17.67 ± 0.58, indicating good to high quality of evidence. Neither patient positioning offered obvious benefits such as fewer complications or shorter operative time. Furthermore, length of admission, days in ICU or on ventilator, and overall morbidity were not found to be significantly different between positions. Lateral positioning for intramedullary nailing of mid-shaft femur fractures appears to be a safe alternative to the standard supine positioning. There is a lack of both prospective and retrospective comparative studies investigating functional clinical outcomes in the literature.
systematic review of clinical decision rules used for diagnosing pulmonary embolism in the pediatric opulation
Authors: Liu April , Nguyen Laura , Hassan-Ali Mohammed , Kam April 
Published: April 2021

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of existing, adult clinical decision tools for pulmonary embolism, in the pediatric population.
Methods: A systematic search and screening of the Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases was done in January 2018. Studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical decision tools and/or risk factors and clinical features for pulmonary embolism in the pediatric population were included. The measures of diagnostic accuracy of clinical decision tools were calculated. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of risk factors were calculated using a bivariate random effects model. All included studies were assessed for quality using QUADAS-2.
Results: Six studies were included: three case-control and three retrospective cohort studies. We found that no standard clinical decision tool for pulmonary embolism has been evaluated in the pediatric population. As well, adult clinical decision tools have low diagnostic utility in pediatrics.
Conclusion: Adult clinical decision tools should not be used for pediatric patients. There was no single risk factor or clinical feature displaying reliable sensitivity; however, a central venous line, a recent surgery, or the finding of hemoptysis, all have a positive likelihood ratio greater than two, demonstrating their potential diagnostic utility. Large, prospective cohort studies are needed.
Postoperative pain management education during the surgery core rotation at McMaster University, Waterloo Regional Campus.
Authors: Patro Nivedh , Campbell Graham 
Published: April 2021

Background: Opioid over-prescription continues to be a challenge in the postoperative setting for management of acute pain. Initiatives have been developed to standardize postoperative opioid prescribing with an emphasis on multimodal pain management. However, there is a concern medical education has not remained current on this topic.
Objective: The aim of this study is to explore current teaching around postoperative pain management during the surgery core rotation at McMaster University, Waterloo Regional Campus (WRC), and identify any opportunities for improvement.
Methods: A 13-item survey was developed to determine effectiveness of teaching around postoperative pain management during the surgery core and its alignment with current guidelines. The survey was disseminated to third year medical students at the WRC.
Results: Seven of nine respondents indicated that teaching on postoperative pain management and opioid reduction strategies was provided during the surgery core. All respondents receiving this teaching also indicated learning about a multimodal pain control approach consistent with current guidelines. However, only three of seven respondents noted receiving teaching on providing patient and caregiver education around the pain management plan, despite a strong recommendation in guidelines in favour of this practice.
Conclusions: Most students receive teaching on multimodal postoperative pain management and opioid reduction strategies during the surgery core at the WRC. Opportunities to strengthen the teaching include addressing the role of patient and caregiver education in the pain management plan as well as incorporating the topic into formal teaching such as classroom sessions or learning objectives in the surgery core.
Keywords: postoperative; opioids; multimodal pain management; medical education; surgery
Synchronous Brain Dynamics Establish Brief States of Communality in Distant Neuronal Populations
Authors: Seeber Martin , Michel Christoph M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntrinsic brain dynamics co-fluctuate between distant regions in an organized manner during rest, establishing large-scale functional networks. We investigate these brain dynamics on a millisecond time scale by focusing on electroencephalographic (EEG) source analyses. While synchrony is thought of as a neuronal mechanism grouping distant neuronal populations into assemblies, the relevance of simultaneous zero-lag synchronization between brain areas in humans remains largely unexplored. This negligence is because of the confound of volume conduction, leading inherently to temporal dependencies of source estimates derived from scalp EEG [and magnetoencephalography (MEG)], referred to as spatial leakage. Here, we focus on the analyses of simultaneous, i.e., quasi zero-lag related, synchronization that cannot be explained by spatial leakage phenomenon. In eighteen subjects during rest with eyes closed, we provide evidence that first, simultaneous synchronization is present between distant brain areas and second, that this long-range synchronization is occurring in brief epochs, i.e., 54–80 ms. Simultaneous synchronization might signify the functional convergence of remote neuronal populations. Given the simultaneity of distant regions, these synchronization patterns might relate to the representation and maintenance, rather than processing of information. This long-range synchronization is briefly stable, not persistently, indicating flexible spatial reconfiguration pertaining to the establishment of particular, re-occurring states. Taken together, we suggest that the balance between temporal stability and spatial flexibility of long-range, simultaneous synchronization patterns is characteristic of the dynamic coordination of large-scale functional brain networks. As such, quasi zero-phase related EEG source fluctuations are physiologically meaningful if spatial leakage is considered appropriately.
Adaptive Response Behavior in the Pursuit of Unpredictably Moving Sounds
Authors: García-Uceda Calvo José A. , van Wanrooij Marc M. , Van Opstal A. John 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough moving sound-sources abound in natural auditory scenes, it is not clear how the human brain processes auditory motion. Previous studies have indicated that, although ocular localization responses to stationary sounds are quite accurate, ocular smooth pursuit of moving sounds is very poor. We here demonstrate that human subjects faithfully track a sound’s unpredictable movements in the horizontal plane with smooth-pursuit responses of the head. Our analysis revealed that the stimulus–response relation was well described by an under-damped passive, second-order low-pass filter in series with an idiosyncratic, fixed, pure delay. The model contained only two free parameters: the system’s damping coefficient, and its central (resonance) frequency. We found that the latter remained constant at ∼0.6 Hz throughout the experiment for all subjects. Interestingly, the damping coefficient systematically increased with trial number, suggesting the presence of an adaptive mechanism in the auditory pursuit system (APS). This mechanism functions even for unpredictable sound-motion trajectories endowed with fixed, but covert, frequency characteristics in open-loop tracking conditions. We conjecture that the APS optimizes a trade-off between response speed and effort. Taken together, our data support the existence of a pursuit system for auditory head-tracking, which would suggest the presence of a neural representation of a spatial auditory fovea (AF).
The practice of disinfection of finger oximeters performed by nursing professionals
Authors: Korb Arnildo , Silveira Anelise de Matos 
Published: April 2021

Objective: to analyze the practice of disinfection of finger oximeters by nursing professionals. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with nine professionals in a hospital clinical unit. Eighteen swab samples were collected, internally and externally from each equipment, isolating 51 bacterial colonies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: the professionals were not trained to disinfect the equipment. Eight carried the oximeters in their lab coats, and one carried them on a tray. They rarely disinfected the inside of the device fearing the 70% ethyl alcohol would damage the sensor. In 17 samples, different bacterial genera grew. 17.7% were multidrug-resistant to antimicrobials. Conclusion: it was observed that Nursing professionals don’t disinfect finger oximeters correctly. The use of 70% isopropyl alcohol is recommended to disinfect the sensors, since it doesn’t damage the equipment, and 70% ethyl alcohol to sanitize the patients’ fingers before and after the tests.
Особливості тракторизації сільського господарства України на початку 20-х років ХХ ст
Authors: Кривоконь О. Г. , Козоріз В. П. 
Published: April 2021

Вперше досліджено особливості процесу тракторизації сільського господарства України на початку 20-х років ХХ ст., проаналізовано передумови виникнення цього явища. Під тракторизацією розуміють впровадження тракторів у певну галузь народного господарства.
Доведено, що найбільший вплив на тракторизацію сільського господарства України мала політика центральних органів більшовицької влади, яка формувалась у Москві, а також підвищений попит сільського населення на тракторну техніку. Спочатку тракторизація сільського господарства передбачала централізовану закупівлю тракторів за кордоном і плановий розподіл їх серед сільських виробників, а у подальшому планувалося створення власного тракторобудування.
Встановлено, що основні засади тракторизації були розроблені вченими та інженерами царської Росії, які згодом співпрацювали з більшовицькою владою. Наголошено, що процес тракторизації супроводжувався створенням певних ідеологічних міфів, які надовго вкоренилися в масовій свідомості людей. Однак тракторизація справді мала величезний вплив на розвиток і характер соціально-економічних відносин в українському селі, піднявши культуру землеробства і продуктивність сільськогосподарського виробництва.
Toward autonomous additive manufacturing: Bayesian optimization on a 3D printer
Authors: Deneault James R. , Chang Jorge , Myung Jay , Hooper Daylond , Armstrong Andrew , Pitt Mark , Maruyama Benji 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaterials exploration and development for three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies is slow and labor-intensive. Each 3D printing material developed requires unique print parameters be learned for successful part fabrication, and sub-optimal settings often result in defects or fabrication failure. To address this, we developed the Additive Manufacturing Autonomous Research System (AM ARES). As a preliminary test, we tasked AM ARES with autonomously modulating four print parameters to direct-write single-layer print features that matched target specifications. AM ARES employed automated image analysis as closed-loop feedback to an online Bayesian optimizer and learned to print target features in fewer than 100 experiments. In due course, this first-of-its-kind research robot will be tasked with autonomous multi-dimensional optimization of print parameters to accelerate materials discovery and development in the field of AM. The combining of open-source ARES OS software with low-cost hardware makes autonomous AM highly accessible, promoting mainstream adoption and rapid technological advancement.Impact statementThe discovery and development of new materials and processes for three-dimensional (3D) printing is hindered by slow and labor-intensive trial-and-error optimization processes. Coupled with a pervasive lack of feedback mechanisms in 3D printers, this has inhibited the advancement and adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies as a mainstream manufacturing approach. To accelerate new materials development and streamline the print optimization process for AM, we have developed a low-cost and accessible research robot that employs online machine learning planners, together with our ARES OS software, which we will release to the community as open-source, to rapidly and effectively optimize the complex, high-dimensional parameter sets associated with 3D printing. In preliminary trials, the first-of-its-kind research robot, the Additive Manufacturing Autonomous Research System (AM ARES), learned to print single-layer material extrusion specimens that closely matched targeted feature specifications in under 100 iterations. Delegating repetitive and high-dimensional cognitive labor to research robots such as AM ARES frees researchers to focus on more creative, insightful, and fundamental scientific work and reduces the cost and time required to develop new AM materials and processes. The teaming of human and robot researchers begets a synergy that will exponentially propel technological progress in AM.
Temperature dependence of viscoelastic Poisson’s ratio of cement mortar
Authors: Baranikumar Aishwarya , Torrence Christa E. , Grasley Zachary 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConcrete creep research has focused primarily on uniaxial response. However, biaxially prestressed concrete structures are common, resulting in a multiaxial stress state that can complicate the behavior of a viscoelastic material like concrete. Significant creep strains may be induced in directions transverse to each principle stress due to Poisson’s effect. Past research is unclear regarding the viscoelastic or viscoplastic properties of concrete outside of uniaxial response. It has been reported in separate studies that concrete viscoelastic/viscoplastic Poisson’s ratio (VPR) is an increasing, decreasing and constant function with time, with all reported measurements performed at room temperature. In this paper, the 3D basic creep response of mature cement mortar is examined using a confined compression experiment that allows direct determination of the full stress and infinitesimal strain tensors in a single test, which enables the determination of VPR under a multiaxial stress state. For this purpose, a unique, miniature version of the standardized concrete creep frame is designed that is amenable to placing in climate chambers and temperature ovens. The experimental results indicate that the VPR of sealed, mature cement mortar is nearly constant and equal to the elastic at room temperature, while the VPR gradually increases with time when measured at 60 °C.
Activation of Sympathetic Signaling in Macrophages Blocks Systemic Inflammation and Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Hasegawa Sho , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Yasuna , Fukaya Daichi , Uni Rie , Wu Chia-Hsien , Fujii Rie , Peerapanyasut Wachirasek , Taguchi Akashi , Kohro Takahide , Yamada Shintaro , Katagiri Mikako , Ko Toshiyuki , Nomura Seitaro , Nakanishi Ozeki Atsuko , Susaki Etsuo A. , Ueda Hiroki R. , Akimitsu Nobuyoshi , Wada Youichiro , Komuro Issei , Nangaku Masaomi , Inagi Reiko 
Published: April 2021

Significance Statement
The detailed role of neural activity in inflammatory diseases is still unclear because it varies according to the disease situation and responsible cell types. This study shows that activation of β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) signaling in macrophages induces the expression of T cell Ig and mucin domain 3 (Tim3), which contributes to anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations. Experiments using conditional knockout mice reveal that macrophage Adrb2 signaling directly mitigates LPS-induced systemic inflammation and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The adoptive transfer of Adrb2 signal–activated macrophages also protects against renal IRI, in association with the accumulation of Tim3-expressing macrophages in the renal tissue. These results indicate that macrophage Adrb2 signaling plays critical roles in the severity of AKI.

Background
The sympathetic nervous system regulates immune cell dynamics. However, the detailed role of sympathetic signaling in inflammatory diseases is still unclear because it varies according to the disease situation and responsible cell types. This study focused on identifying the functions of sympathetic signaling in macrophages in LPS-induced sepsis and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Methods
We performed RNA sequencing of mouse macrophage cell lines to identify the critical gene that mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) signaling. We also examined the effects of salbutamol (a selective Adrb2 agonist) in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and renal IRI. Macrophage-specific Adrb2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and the adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages were used to assess the involvement of macrophage Adrb2 signaling.

Results

In vitro, activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induced the expression of T cell Ig and mucin domain 3 (Tim3), which contributes to anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations. In vivo, salbutamol administration blocked LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protected against renal IRI; this protection was mitigated in macrophage-specific Adrb2 cKO mice. The adoptive transfer of salbutamol-treated macrophages also protected against renal IRI. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that this protection was associated with the accumulation of Tim3-expressing macrophages in the renal tissue.

Conclusions
The activation of Adrb2 signaling in macrophages induces anti-inflammatory phenotypic alterations partially via the induction of Tim3 expression, which blocks LPS-induced systemic inflammation and protects against renal IRI.
Facial nerve palsy as a complication after otitis media – case report.
Authors: Kołodziejak Aleksandra , Czajka Natalia , Skarżyńska Magdalena 
Published: April 2021

WprowadzeniePorażenie nerwu twarzowego jest poważnym problemem społecznym i klinicznym, a jednocześnie najczęstszym schorzeniem występującym w obrębie nerwu VII. Objawia się ono niemożnością wykonywania pewnych ruchów, która wynika z braku dopływu do mięśni bodźców nerwowych. Jest to niepełnosprawność silnie wpływająca na codzienne funkcjonowanie pacjenta i znacznie obniżająca jakość jego życia. Widoczna dla otoczenia asymetria twarzy, trudności w procesie jedzenia oraz niemożność domknięcia szpary powiekowej są najdotkliwiej odczuwalne przez pacjenta. W przebiegu zakażenia ucha środkowego porażenie nerwu twarzowego jest niezwykle rzadkie.Opis przypadkuNiniejszy opis przypadku zawiera historię leczenia obecnie 33-letniego pacjenta, u którego porażenie nerwu twarzowego wystąpiło jako powikłanie po zapaleniu ucha środkowego. Opis przypadku przygotowano na podstawie historii choroby, danych medycznych oraz wyników badań pacjenta.WnioskiZastosowane leczenie i terapia pozwoliły na pełne przywrócenie prawidłowych funkcji nerwu twarzowego, co przełożyło się na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie pacjenta w społeczeństwie.