bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational risk factors among building painters in South India
Authors: Shanmugam M , Gnanavel B K , Vijaya Rajan V , Santhanam V 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and risks among building painters in South India. Cross-sectional data were collected from 120 male building painters in South India using a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) survey. The question includes demographic information, psychological factors, medical history, work-related information, MSDs symptoms and severity of MSDs. The statistical analyses reported the highest prevalence of MSDs among building painters was reported as 70.8%. The highest prevalence rate has been found in the shoulder region (69.5%) and neck region (65.4%). It is also evident that the chief painters experienced the highest discomfort (72.0%) than assistant painters (68.4%). The repetitive task, awkward postures, forceful exertions and work height above shoulder level were reported as highly contributing factors of MSDs among building painters. The building painters who participated in this research were found to exhibit both MSDs and ergonomic hazards. Results suggest that further studies are needed to establish different preventive measures and ergonomics interventions to reduce the risks of MSDs among building painters.
Simulation And Modelling of BCI Based Multi Purpose Wheel Chair For Paralysed People
Authors: Sindhuja R , Samson Isaac J , Vijayakumar Poornima , Joseph Jeffin , Samuel A.E.Adrian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to the survey of Reeve foundation and WHO says, there are nearly 1 in 50 people living with paralysis, every year 5.4 million people affected. Paralysis is caused by spinal injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy and other causes like motor accidents and victim of violence. It is also called loss of muscle function in some part of the body. In this paper, we systematically survey a different techniques used for brain computer interface and also review the research on non-invasive, electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI systems for communication and rehabilitation. Main research focus on previous techniques like deep learning or deep neural network, machine learning, Neuro plasticity, support vector machine, artifact suppression and so on. In this Differing from traditional machine learning algorithms, online sequential machine learning algorithm is empowered to learn distinct high-level representations from raw brain signals without manual feature selection. A certain MATLAB program is designed to use these motions. Our results are to exploit the accuracy rate and to generate the assistive devices for restoration of movement and communication strength for physically disabled patients in order to rehabilitate their lost motor abilities.
IOT Based Infant Healthcare Monitoring System
Authors: Dhana Sony Ms. , Samson Isaac J , Ezhilarasi N. , Jayanth V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Newborn child needs appropriate consideration for great wellbeing and mental health. These days, families comprise of just guardians and kids. Managing infant youngsters is ambling for grandparents so the chances of giving extra thought and love are diminished. In a family, necessities to really focus on the child’s clinical issue are inevitable. To deal with such issues a system is proposed for the device health watch framework. This will assist a mother or a dad to screen the baby with different boundaries. The framework began getting more altered. These days numerous baby checking frameworks came into the market with different alternatives. This framework keeps newborn children to be in a protected condition by avoiding wet condition utilizing sensors and continue to check the vital health parameters.. IoT is helpful in this angle as it replaces the customary checking frameworks with a more proficient plan, by giving basic data in regards to the state of the patient. This framework utilizes the heartbeat sensor, Temperature sensor, wetness senor and conductivity sensor with Node MCU. The beat sensor is put on the finger and it estimates the pulse and afterward sends the heart rate to android versatile application by means of Bluetooth. A microcontroller is interfaced with the Wi-Fi system to make a straightforward TCP/IP correspondence. The parameters will be checked and downloaded very easily using the android application. The other advantage of the programmability is parents can be aware of their infant’s health status continuously.
Treatment of Sleep Apnea using CPAP
Authors: Jayachitra S. , Abinaya S. , Mohan Raj D. , Shobika R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, they are more than one in ten children are born prematurely. Eleven countries, have higher preterm birth rates Premature maturation (born before 37 weeks of pregnancy) is strongly associated with difficulty breathing diseases, that is, the leading cause of death for children under five. Because their lungs well developed, enemies in particular exposure to respiratory problems. One such the leading cause of child mortality worldwide Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Currently \ technology (recommended by WHO) by CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), i.e. helps keep the alveoli open by giving continuous distribution of air / oxygen. This ensures that the children stay healthy residual air in the lungs, so it does not they strive to breathe and are continually saved problems such as hypoxia and even death CPAP standalone devices cost more than INR 150,000 ($ 2300) more expensive many developing hospitals. For the most part hospitals in restricted services, Oxygen treatment in the nose is often the solution available, on the basis of respiratory depression.
Magnetic induction device for nanoparticles heating at frequency > 500 kHz
Authors: Plascencia-Cruz L.E. , Hernández-Rayas A. , Villaseñor-Mora C. , Torres-Osorio J. , Córdova-Fraga T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Treatment with magnetic induction hyperthermia can be complementary by raising the temperature in cell clusters above 42 ∘C, this procedure increasing the effectiveness of treatments for the elimination of cancer cells based on drugs. A magnetic induction device working in selectable modules of frequencies > 500 kHz is presented, it was developed and constructed for transfer heat in a selected biological tissue. An LC parallel resonant circuit configuration was used with an inverter coupled to a power supply as an auto-resonator and the oscillation frequency depends on the capacitor bank to generate a phased sine signal in the oscillating signal in the LC tank circuit. It works with switchable modules that operate in different frequencies, among 85 kHz and 900 kHz which makes it completely autonomous and portable, this selection of work frequencies is the main contribution of this equipment. This device generating a magnetic field from 0.44 mT to 5.11 mT. So, the use of a self-resonator inverter allows operating without requiring an external signal generator for tuning the different frequencies, coupled with the incorporation of a cooling system embedded in the same device, which makes no external complimentary devices required. Finally, it is highlighted that the frequency range presented in this work is higher than those reported by other authors, which is below 500 kHz.
Compensation scheme for non-linear beam defocusing inside planar undulator
Authors: Karmakar J. , Tischer M. , Ghosh S. , Vagin P. , Aggarwal M. , Sahu S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Delhi Light Source (DLS), is a compact THz facility based on the principle of pre-bunched FEL, which is at the commissioning stage at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. The facility will produce relativistic electron beam in the energy range 4 to 8 MeV to generate THz radiation in the range 0.18–3.0 THz. To study the effect of the undulator U48 on this low energy range of the electron beam, a 3D field map of U48 was generated with the help of measured magnetic field data. Beam tracking simulations were performed with the generated field map at the minimum gap of U48. Simulations showed that the quadrupole component of the transverse field roll-off, which is the dominant component within the width of the vacuum chamber can introduce a substantial growth of the beam size in the wiggling plane and result in severe beam loss while propagating through the vacuum chamber inside the undulator. To compensate the dynamic quadrupolar field, an extended quadrupole field correction coil was implemented in the simulation by superimposing its field on the magnetic field of U48. Such a correction scheme showed a remarkable improvement to contain the beam transverse growth.
A resource-based phosphorus footprint for urban diets
Authors: Papangelou Anastasia , Towa Edgar , Achten Wouter M J , Mathijs Erik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Large amounts of phosphorus resources, such as mineral fertilizers and manure, are mobilized globally to produce the food consumed in cities. Accounting for the use of these resources can allow cities to plan for interventions that reduce related pressures in their hinterlands, conserve resources, and lead to more circular food systems. In this study we calculate a resource-based phosphorus footprint for the food consumption in Brussels Capital Region and use it to compare different strategies towards increased circularity: waste reuse, waste reduction, dietary changes and shifts to locally produced food. The P footprint of an average inhabitant in Brussels is 7.7 kgP cap yr−1, 10 times higher than the physical P consumption of 0.7 kgP cap yr−1. About 60% of the total P inputs into food production are through manure, and the rest through mineral fertilizers; almost 80% of the inputs occur outside Belgium. Most of these inputs are related to the cultivation of feed for livestock, which is why a shift to vegetarian and vegan diets can reduce the footprint down to 4.8 kgP cap yr−1 and 0.9 kgP cap yr−1. To the contrary, consuming only food produced in Belgium would increase the footprint to 12 kgP cap yr−1, mostly as a result of the high manure use in the north of the country. A reduction in the P footprint signifies an absolute reduce in total resource use that can alleviate pressures in the hinterland and promote a city’s transition towards circularity.
Cropland heterogeneity drives frequency and intensity of pesticide use
Authors: Nicholson Charlie C , Williams Neal M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Agricultural landscapes across the planet have replaced natural habitat with crop production that is less diverse at field and landscape scales. Loss of cropland heterogeneity can increase pest colonization rates and decrease predation rates, thereby exacerbating pest pressure and leading to increased use of pesticides. Linking landscape pattern, crop pest pressure, and pesticide use is emerging as critical step for understanding the benefits, and potential trade-offs, of diversified agriculture. We advance this work by exploring how cropland heterogeneity drives pesticide use, and whether this effect is modified by pesticide class (i.e. fungicide, herbicide or insecticide). We focus on a diverse growing region, California’s Central Valley, and use spatial auto-regressive models to test for consistent class-based differences in the relationship between pesticide use and cropland heterogeneity (i.e. mean field size and landscape-level crop diversity). We find reduced pesticide use, in terms of both frequency and intensity of application, in diversified, spatially-heterogenous landscapes. Additionally, we see (a) more consistent responses of fungicides and insecticides to landscape pattern, (b) pesticide use increases as cropland becomes more homogenous with respect to crop identity, and (c) this effect is more consistent for perennial crops than annual crops. The modifying influence of pesticide class is largely consistent with expectations from ecological theory. Our results support increasing focus on whether enhancing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself can benefit biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being.
Changes in the frequency of global high mountain rain-on-snow events due to climate warming
Authors: López-Moreno J I , Pomeroy J W , Morán-Tejeda E , Revuelto J , Navarro-Serrano F M , Vidaller I , Alonso-González E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Rain-on-snow (ROS) events can trigger severe floods in mountain regions. There is high uncertainty about how the frequency of ROS events (ROS) and associated floods will change as climate warms. Previous research has found considerable spatial variability in ROS responses to climate change. Detailed global assessments have not been conducted. Here, atmospheric reanalysis data was used to drive a physically based snow hydrology model to simulate the snowpack and the streamflow response to climate warming of a 5.25 km2 virtual basin (VB) applied to different high mountain climates around the world. Results confirm that the sensitivity of ROS to climate warming is highly variable among sites, and also with different elevations, aspects and slopes in each basin. The hydrological model predicts a decrease in the frequency of ROS with warming in 30 out 40 of the VBs analyzed; the rest have increasing ROS. The dominant phase of precipitation, duration of snow cover and average temperature of each basin are the main factors that explain this variation in the sensitivity of ROS to climate warming. Within each basin, the largest decreases in ROS were predicted to be at lower elevations and on slopes with sunward aspects. Although the overall frequency of ROS drops, the hydrological importance of ROS is not expected to decline. Peak streamflows due to ROS are predicted to increase due to more rapid melting from enhanced energy inputs, and warmer snowpacks during future ROS.
An enhanced phase field model for micron-scale droplet impact with solidification microstructure formation
Authors: Shen Mingguang , Li Ben Q , Yang Qingzhen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel diffuse interface model combining droplet impact with solidification microstructure formation was developed. A number of numerical models simulating droplet impact with solidification have been invented, but few are capable of unveiling the nucleation and growth of polycrystalline crystals on a micro scale. This paper thus aims to propose a diffuse interface model to simulate droplet impact, and moreover, solidification microstructure formation. To implicitly track the evolving liquid-gas interface, the Cahn-Hilliard equation is coupled with the Navier-Stokes equation. A phase field model involving polycrystalline growth is responsible for the capturing of solid-liquid interface and grain-grain boundaries. The current model is discretized explicitly such that it lends itself to shared-memory parallelism like OpenMP. A parallel SOR scheme based on Red/Black ordering is used to solve the pressure velocity coupling. The model was applied to various impact conditions in plasma spraying, including both single and multiple droplet impact, to show its robustness. Besides, with the model being modified slightly, non-equilibrium effect induced by rapid solidification was investigated as well.
Methods for synthesizing β-Ga2O3 thin films beyond epitaxy
Authors: Cooke Jacqueline , Sensale-Rodriguez Berardi , Ghadbeigi Leila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gallium oxide is an exceptional ultra-wide bandgap material. Its most stable phase, β-Ga2O3, has been extensively studied and recently attracted much attention for various applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Recent research interest has also arisen in the study of two-dimensional β-Ga2O3, which might promise superior electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties due to quantum confinement, high surface to volume ratio, and ease of integration with other materials. This work reviews and discusses facile, versatile, and economic methods such as exfoliation, spray pyrolysis, and oxide printing to produce few-nanometer thin β-Ga2O3 films. Optical properties and applications in optoelectronic devices are particularly highlighted, along with possible directions for future research.
Learning from a successful process evaluation in care homes
Authors: Allen Frances , Darby Janet , Cook Marie , Evley Rachel , Godfrey Maureen , Horne Jane , Leighton Paul , Logan Pip , Robinson Katie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Introduction
process evaluations (PE) are increasingly used in parallel with randomised controlled trials (RCT) to inform the implementation of complex health interventions. This paper explores the learning accrued from conducting a PE within the Falls in Care Homes Study (FinCH), a large UK RCT.

Methods
in the FinCH study, six purposively sampled care homes provided data for the PE, which followed a realist approach. In this study researchers kept written diaries of their experiences in completing the interviews, focus groups and observations. We have reflected on these and present the main themes for discussion.

Findings
care home staff were enthusiastic to participate in the PE but researchers found it difficult to collect data due to staff not having time to take part, environmental factors such as no space for focus groups and low levels of research understanding. Researchers found that the expectations of the PE protocol were often unrealistic due to these limitations. Flexible and pragmatic approaches such as interviews in place of focus groups enabled data collection but required a reduced sample size and length of data collection to be accepted by researchers.

Conclusion
to enable care home staff to participate in successful PEs, researchers should build flexibility into research schedules, spend time building trust, collaborate with all levels of care home staff prior to data collection, increase research capacity in care home staff and co-design research projects.
Triiodothyroacetic Acid Cross-Reacts With Measurement of Triiodothyronine (T3) on Various Immunoassay Platforms
Authors: Chan Siaw Li , Refetoff Samuel , Babic Nikolina , Jin Ming , Garg Uttam , Yeo Kiang-Teck J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Thyroid hormone analog 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) is effective in reducing the hypermetabolism in monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8)–deficient individuals. Because of the structural similarity between TRIAC and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T3), we sought to investigate the degree of cross-reactivity of TRIAC with various commercially available total and free T3 assays.

Methods
Varying concentrations (50-1,000 ng/dL) of TRIAC (Sigma Aldrich) were added to pooled serum and assayed for total T3 (TT3) and free T3 (FT3) on the following platforms: e602 (Roche Diagnostics), Architect (Abbott Diagnostics), Centaur (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), IMMULITE (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), DxI (Beckman Coulter), and Vitros (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics). TT3 competition assay with TRIAC was performed by adding increasing amounts of T3 to pooled serum samples that contained a constant concentration of TRIAC (250 ng/dL).

Results
Significant overestimation of TT3 and FT3 assays were observed across all platforms corresponding to increasing concentrations of TRIAC. The TRIAC effect at 250 ng/dL showed a constant interference of approximately 190 ng/dL TT3.

Conclusions
All commercial TT3 and FT3 assays tested in this work cross-react significantly with TRIAC. Therefore, patients undergoing TRIAC therapy should have T3 hormone response monitored using alternative nonimmunoassay-based methods to avoid misinterpretation of thyroid function profiles.
Cutinase-like biodegradable plastic-degrading enzymes from phylloplane yeasts have cutinase activity
Authors: Ueda Hirokazu , Tabata Jun , Seshime Yasuyo , Masaki Kazuo , Sameshima-Yamashita Yuka , Kitamoto Hiroko 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Phylloplane yeast genera Pseudozyma and Cryptococcus secrete biodegradable plastic (BP)-degrading enzymes, termed cutinase-like enzymes (CLEs). Although CLEs contain highly conserved catalytic sites, the whole protein exhibits ≤30% amino acid sequence homology with cutinase. In this study, we analyzed whether CLEs exhibit cutinase activity. Seventeen Cryptococcus magnus strains, which degrade BP at 15 °C, were isolated from leaves and identified the DNA sequence of the CLE in one of the strains. Cutin was prepared from tomato leaves and treated with CLEs from 3 Cryptococcus species (C. magnus, Cryptococcus flavus, and Cryptococcus laurentii) and Pseudozyma antarctia (PaE). A typical cutin monomer, 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, was detected in extracts of the reaction solution via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, showing that cutin was indeed degraded by CLEs. In addition to the aforementioned monomer, separation analysis via thin-layer chromatography detected high-molecular-weight products resulting from the breakdown of cutin by PaE, indicating that PaE acts as an endo-type enzyme.
Evidence for a shift in placental HLA-G allelic dominance and the HLA-G isoform profile during a healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia
Authors: Persson Gry , Stæhr Christina Seefeldt , Klok Freja Syrach , Lebech Morten , Hviid Thomas Vauvert F 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, which belongs to a nonclassical class Ib major histocompatibility complex gene family expressed by placental trophoblast cells, plays a central role in establishing tolerance to the semiallogeneic fetus and in placentation. HLA-G exists in different soluble or membrane-bound isoforms. Preeclampsia, a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, has been linked to insufficient placentation and an altered immune response in pregnancy, including altered HLA-G expression. The 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene and the isoform profile may affect HLA-G expression. The aim of the current pilot study was to characterize the expression patterns of HLAG mRNA, protein, and isoform profile in uncomplicated term pregnancies and in cases of preeclampsia. Maternal sHLA-G mRNA and protein levels were slightly reduced in preeclampsia. No difference was found for placental blood, and no correlation between peripheral and placental sHLA-G levels was found. We observed no association between neither fetal nor maternal HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion genotypes and preeclampsia, nor a significant difference in isoform profiles. However, in HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion heterozygous placental samples, we observed abundant HLA-G1 14 bp insertion allele expression in the term placentae, which is contrary to previous findings in first trimester trophoblast. Increased HLA-G1 14 bp insertion allele expression in the placenta was associated with reduced levels of placental sHLA-G and an altered isoform profile with increased relative levels of HLA-G1 and -G5 and reduced levels of HLA-G3. The results indicate that an allelic shift in heterozygous individuals could represent a novel regulatory pathway.