bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Shielding and Immobilization of Liposomes and Viral Vectors by Tailored Antibody‐Ligand Interactions
Authors: Thomas Oliver S. , Rebmann Balder , Tonn Matthias , Schirmeister Ivo C. , Wehrle Sarah , Becker Jan , Zea Jimenez Gabriel J. , Hook Sebastian , Jäger Sarah , Klenzendorf Melissa , Laskowski Mateo , Kaier Alexander , Pütz Gerhard , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Weber Wilfried , Hörner Maximilian , Wagner Hanna J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractControlling the time and dose of nanoparticulate drug delivery by administration of small molecule drugs holds promise for efficient and safer therapies. This study describes a versatile approach of exploiting antibody‐ligand interactions for the design of small molecule‐responsive nanocarrier and nanocomposite systems. For this purpose, antibody fragments (scFvs) specific for two distinct small molecule ligands are designed. Subsequently, the surface of nanoparticles (liposomes or adeno‐associated viral vectors, AAVs) is modified with these ligands, serving as anchor points for scFv binding. By modifying the scFvs with polymer tails, they can act as a non‐covalently bound shielding layer, which is recruited to the anchor points on the nanoparticle surface and prevents interactions with cultured mammalian cells. Administration of an excess of the respective ligand triggers competitive displacement of the shielding layer from the nanoparticle surface and restores nanoparticle‐cell interactions. The same principle is applied for developing hydrogel depots that can release integrated AAVs or liposomes in response to small molecule ligands. The liberated nanoparticles subsequently deliver their cargoes to cells. In summary, the utilization of different antibody‐ligand interactions, different nanoparticles, and different release systems validates the versatility of the design concept described herein.
Matching Charge Extraction Contact for Infrared PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Li Mingyu , Chen Shiwu , Zhao Xinzhao , Xiong Kao , Wang Bo , Shah Usman Ali , Gao Liang , Lan Xinzheng , Zhang Jianbing , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Tang Jiang , Song Haisheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfrared solar cells (IRSCs) can supplement silicon or perovskite SCs to broaden the utilization of the solar spectrum. As an ideal infrared photovoltaic material, PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with tunable bandgaps can make good use of solar energy, especially the infrared region. However, as the QD size increases, the energy level shrinking and surface facet evolution makes us reconsider the matching charge extraction contacts and the QD passivation strategy. Herein, different to the traditional sol‐gel ZnO layer, energy‐level aligned ZnO thin film from a magnetron sputtering method is adopted for electron extraction. In addition, a modified hybrid ligand recipe is developed for the facet passivation of large size QDs. As a result, the champion IRSC delivers an open circuit voltage of 0.49 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.47% under AM1.5 full‐spectrum illumination, and the certified PCE is over 10%. Especially the 1100 nm filtered efficiency achieves 1.23%. The obtained devices also show high storage stability. The present matched electron extraction and QD passivation strategies are expected to highly booster the IR conversion yield and promote the fast development of new conception QD optoelectronics.
Cybernetic crisis management in a federal system—Insights from the Covid pandemic
Authors: Schwaninger Markus , Schoenenberger Lukas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe aim to contribute to improving the management of pandemic crises. Our focus is on federal systems, as these are particularly powerful in dealing with environmental complexity. Through four waves of the pandemic, spanning a year and a half, we studied crisis management based on the case of the Swiss Federation. This research concentrates on three research questions: (1) How is the management of the Covid‐19‐Crisis organized in Switzerland? (2) How effective is this organization in coping with the dynamics of emergency? (3) What lessons can be learned for the design of a crisis management in the future? We apply the Viable System Model (VSM) as a framework for our study, elaborating a diagnosis and a design for the management of epidemic or pandemic crises. The VSM is a conceptual tool that is particularly strong for analysing federal systems. Hence, substantial insights have surfaced to orientate a future crisis management.
Testing for cannabis intoxication: Current issues and latest advancements
Authors: Johnson Olivia E. , Miskelly Gordon M. , Rindelaub Joel D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCannabis is used globally for both recreational and medical purposes. The use of cannabis can impair driving ability and increase the risk of fatal accidents. Therefore, operating motor vehicles and machinery under the influence of cannabis is illegal in most jurisdictions. With many governments easing legal restrictions on the use of cannabis, the demand for cannabis intoxication testing is increasing globally. Identification of prior cannabis use is currently accomplished using a variety of biological matrices, including urine, blood, sweat, hair, and oral fluid. Despite the ability to identify prior exposure to or intake of cannabis, each of these matrices has limitations in assessing the current intoxication state of an individual, an essential aspect of many current legislations. Exhaled breath represents a potentially useful matrix for measuring recent use, however, current uncertainty in breath levels indicative of impairment and the technical limitations associated with rapid, on‐site analysis of breath matrices have restricted the widespread deployment of cannabis breath analyzers. These challenges are compounded by the relatively short intoxication window of cannabis relative to its lifetime in the body, reinforcing the need for rapid toxicological screening. This review summarizes the state of cannabis intoxication testing, highlighting the challenges associated with the current forensic testing techniques, and the potential for breath analysis, which has gained interest recently from both academic researchers and commercial entities.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Toxicology > Cannabis
Retrograde tibial nailing of far distal tibia fractures: a biomechanical evaluation of double- versus triple-distal interlocking
Authors: Greenfield Julia , Appelmann Philipp , Wunderlich Felix , Mehler Dorothea , Rommens Pol Maria , Kuhn Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Retrograde tibial nailing using the Distal Tibia Nail (DTN) is a novel surgical option in the treatment of distal tibial fracture. Its unique retrograde insertion increases the range of surgical options in far distal fractures of the tibia beyond the use of plating. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the DTN for far distal tibia fractures where only double rather than triple-distal locking is possible due to fracture localisation and morphology.

Methods
Six Sawbones® were instrumented with a DTN and an AO/OTA 43-A3 fracture simulated. Samples were tested in two configurations: first with distal triple locking, second with double locking by removing one distal screw. Samples were subjected to compressive (350 N, 600 N) and torsional (± 8 Nm) loads. Stiffness construct and interfragmentary movement were quantified and compared between double and triple-locking configurations.

Results
The removal of one distal screw resulted in a 60–70% preservation of compressive stiffness, and 90% preservation of torsional stiffness for double locking compared to triple locking. Interfragmentary movement remained minimal for both compressive and torsional loading.

Conclusions
The DTN with a distal double locking can, therefore, be considered for far distal tibia fractures where nailing would be preferred over plating.
Überregionale Public-Health-Akteure in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Kategorisierung
Authors: Hommes Franziska , Mohsenpour Amir , Kropff Dana , Pilgram Lisa , Matusall Svenja , von Philipsborn Peter , Sell Kerstin 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Akteure der öffentlichen Gesundheit (Public Health) tragen wesentlich zu Gesundheitsschutz, -förderung und Prävention auf Bevölkerungsebene bei. Kenntnisse über die Akteurslandschaft erleichtern die Zusammenarbeit und erhöhen die Transparenz des Berufsfeldes für Nachwuchsfachkräfte.

Zielsetzung
Ziel dieser Arbeit waren eine Bestandsaufnahme und Kategorisierung überregionaler Public-Health-Akteure in Deutschland.

Methodik
Ausgehend von einer Aufstellung der teilnehmenden Institutionen am Zukunftsforum Public Health und zielgerichteter Onlinerecherche wurden überregionale Organisationen mit Public-Health-Schwerpunkt identifiziert. Alle Akteure wurden durch ≥ 2 Autor:innen unabhängig voneinander gescreent. Rein lokal tätige Akteure und solche ohne erkennbaren Public-Health-Schwerpunkt wurden ausgeschlossen. Mittels Schneeballverfahrens wurden weitere Akteure identifiziert. Zur thematischen Clusterung wurde induktiv ein Kategoriensystem gebildet.

Ergebnisse
Von 645 gescreenten Akteuren wurden 307 (47,6 %) eingeschlossen und 12 Ober- sowie 30 Subkategorien zugeordnet. Die Oberkategorie Fachverbände (n = 60) weist die höchste Akteursanzahl auf, gefolgt von zivilgesellschaftlichen (n = 49) und staatlichen Akteuren (n = 40). Neben einer tabellarischen und grafischen Darstellung wurde eine interaktive Akteursübersicht erstellt (www.noeg.org).

Diskussion
Diese Arbeit bietet eine umfangreiche Übersicht über Akteure der öffentlichen Gesundheit in Deutschland und verdeutlicht die Breite der deutschen Public-Health-Landschaft. Die Ergebnisse bieten neue Möglichkeiten zur Vernetzung und können Nachwuchsfachkräften Berufswege aufzeigen. Ausgehend von dieser Arbeit sind ergänzende Forschungsarbeiten zu Public-Health-Akteuren sinnvoll.
Study on cutting performance of SiCp/Al composite using textured YG8 carbide tool
Authors: Wang Xu , Popov Valentin L. , Yu Zhanjiang , Li Yiquan , Xu Jinkai , Yu Huadong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecision machining of SiCp/Al composites is a challenge due to the existence of reinforcement phase in this material. This work focuses on the study of the textured tools’ cutting performance on SiCp/Al composite, as well as the comparison with non-textured tools. The results show that the micro-pit textured tool can reduce the cutting force by 5–13% and cutting length by 9–39%. Compared with non-textured tools, the cutting stability of the micro-pit textured tools is better. It is found that the surface roughness is the smallest (0.4 μm) when the texture spacing is 100 μm, and the residual stress can be minimized to around 15 MPa in the case of texture spacing 80 μm. In addition, the SiC particles with size of around 2–12 μm in the SiCp/Al composite may play a supporting role between the texture and the chips, which results in three-body friction, thereby reducing tool wear, sticking, and secondary cutting phenomenon. At the same time, some SiC particles enter into the micro-pit texture, so that the number of residual particles on the surface is reduced and the friction between the tool and the surface then decreases, which improves the surface roughness, and reduces the surface residual stress.
Segmentation phase measuring deflectometry for measuring structured specular surfaces
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Wang Yuemin , Gao Feng , Jiang Xiangqian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate and fast three-dimensional (3D) measurement for industrial products/components designed to possess 3D structured shapes is a key driver for improved productivity. However, challenges for current techniques are considerable to measure structured specular surfaces. A technique named segmentation phase measuring deflectometry (SPMD) is proposed in this paper, which enables structured specular surfaces to be measured with high accuracy in one setup. Concept of segmentation in topology is introduced into phase measuring deflectometry, which separates a surface with complex structures into continuous segments. Each segment can be reconstructed based on gradient information to achieve good form accuracy, and all reconstructed segments can be fused into a whole 3D strucutred form result based on their absolute spatial positioning data. Here, we propose and discuss the principle of SPMD, a segmentation technique to separate a strucured surface into segments, a spatial positioning technique to obtain absolute position of the segments, and a data fusion strategy to fuse all reconstructed segments. Experimental results show SPMD can achieve nanometer level accuracy for form measurement of continuous segments by comparing with stylus profilometer, which is significantly higher than the accuracy of direct phase measuring deflectometry. Meanwhile, SPMD has micron level spatial positioning accuracy for structures by measuring two specular steps and comparing with coordinate measuring machine, which differentiates this technique from gradient-based phase measuring deflectometry that extends measurement capability from continuous specular surfaces to complex structured specular surfaces. Compared with the existing measurement techniques, SPMD significantly improved the convenience and ability to measure freeform and structured specular surfaces with the advantages of high measurement accuracy, fast measurement, and potential application for embedded measurement.
Drivers of passive leadership in wild songbirds: species-level differences and spatio-temporally dependent intraspecific effects
Authors: Gokcekus Samin , Firth Josh A. , Regan Charlotte , Cole Ella F. , Lamers Koosje P. , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCollective behaviors are typical for many social species and can have fitness benefits for participating individuals. To maximize the benefits obtained from group living, individuals must coordinate their behaviors to some extent. What are the mechanisms that make certain individuals more likely to initiate collective behaviors, for example, by taking a risk to initially access a resource (i.e., to act as “leaders”)? Here, we examine leading behavior in a natural population of great tits and blue tits. We use automated feeding stations to monitor the feeder visits of tagged individuals within mixed-species flocks, with a small cost (waiting < 2 s) associated with the initial unlocking of the feeder. We find that great tits, males, and individuals with high activity levels were more likely to be leading in each of their feeder visits. Using a null model approach, we demonstrate that the effects of sex and activity on passive leading behavior can be explained by patterns of spatial and temporal occurrence. In other words, these effects can be explained by the times and locations of when individuals visit rather than the actual order of arrival. Hence, an analysis of the causes of leading behavior is needed to separate the effects of different processes. We highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind leading behavior and discuss directions for future experimental work to gain a better understanding of the causes of leadership in natural populations.Significance statementMany species are social and engage in collective behaviors. To benefit from group actions, individuals need to fulfill different roles. Here, we examine leading behavior during feeding events; who feeds first when birds arrive at a resource? In mixed-species flocks of passerines, great tits (the larger and more dominant species), males, and individuals with higher levels of activity lead more often than blue tits, females, and individuals with lower levels of activity. While the species effect remains even when we control for the locations and dates of individual feeder visits, the effects of sex and activity are dependent on when and where birds choose to feed.
Resection of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction cancer liver metastases — a summary of current evidence
Authors: Weiss Andreas R. R. , Donlon Noel E. , Schlitt Hans J. , Hackl Christina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Metastatic oesophageal cancer is commonly considered as a palliative situation with a poor prognosis. However, there is increasing evidence that well-selected patients with a limited number of liver metastases (ECLM) may benefit from a multimodal approach including surgery.

Methods
A systematic review of the current literature for randomized trials, retrospective studies, and case series with patients undergoing hepatectomies for oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction cancer liver metastases was conducted up to the 31st of August 2021 using the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Cochrane Library databases.

Results
A total of 661 articles were identified. After removal of duplicates, 483 articles were screened, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. The available literature suggests that ECLM resection in patients with liver oligometastatic disease may lead to improved survival and even long-term survival in some cases. The response to concomitant chemotherapy and liver resection seems to be of significance. Furthermore, a long disease-free interval in metachronous disease, low number of liver metastases, young age, and good overall performance status have been described as potential predictive markers of outcome for the resection of liver metastases.

Conclusion
Surgery may be offered to carefully selected patients to potentially improve survival rates compared to palliative treatment approaches. Studies with standardized patient selection criteria and treatment protocols are required to further define the role for surgery in ECLM. In this context, particular consideration should be given to neoadjuvant treatment concepts including immunotherapies in stage IVB oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction cancer.
Renewed coexistence: learning from steering group stakeholders on a beaver reintroduction project in England
Authors: Auster Roger E. , Barr Stewart W. , Brazier Richard E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpecies reintroductions are growing in popularity, and example motivations include supporting species populations or the restoration of ecosystem function. Interactions between humans and the reintroduced species are likely to occur post-reintroduction. Coexistence between humans and wildlife is adaptive and dynamic, in part requiring management of conflicts between humans and wildlife, or of conflicts between humans over wildlife management. We seek to learn from the experiences of steering group members in a Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) project in England and identify how governance of coexistence with reintroduced species may differ from the governance of coexistence with species that are already present in the landscape. Using a qualitative thematic analysis of an online survey, we identify a series of lessons in six key areas: (1) project governance, (2) stakeholder engagement, (3) research and monitoring programme, (4) strategy to manage arising conflicts, (5) public engagement, and (6) broad perspectives on reintroduction trials. We advocate for reflective evaluation as an essential component of reintroduction projects to enable knowledge-sharing from experiences, leading to improved practices in the future. Reflecting on our analysis, we identify and define ‘Renewed Coexistence’—a new term that draws on pre-existing coexistence knowledge but identifies the unique elements that relate to governing coexistence with reintroduced species.
Investigation of topographic site effects using 3D waveform modelling: amplification, polarization and torsional motions in the case study of Arquata del Tronto (Italy)
Authors: Baron Julie , Primofiore Ilaria , Klin Peter , Vessia Giovanna , Laurenzano Giovanna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe combined effect of topography and near-surface heterogeneities on the seismic response is hardly predictable and may lead to an aggravation of the ground motion. We apply physics-based numerical simulations of 3D seismic wave propagation to highlight these effects in the case study of Arquata del Tronto, a municipality in the Apennines that includes a historical village on a hill and a hamlet on the flat terrain of an alluvial basin. The two hamlets suffered different damage during the 2016 seismic sequence in Central Italy. We analyze the linear visco-elastic seismic response for vertically incident plane waves in terms of spectral amplification, polarization and induced torsional motion within the frequency band 1–8 Hz over a 1 km2 square area, with spatial resolution 25 m. To discern the effects of topography from those of the sub-surface structure we iterate the numerical simulations for three different versions of the sub-surface model: one homogeneous, one with a surficial weathering layer and a soil basin and one with a complex internal setting. The numerical results confirm the correlation between topographic curvature and amplification and support a correlation between the induced torsional motion and the topographic slope. On the other hand we find that polarization does not necessarily imply ground motion amplification. In the frequency band above 4 Hz the topography-related effects are mainly aggravated by the presence of the weathering layer, even though they do not exceed the soil-related effects in the flat-topography basin. The geological setting below the weathering layer plays a recognizable role in the topography-related site response only for frequencies below 4 Hz.
Introducing edge-biregular maps
Authors: Reade Olivia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce the concept of alternate-edge-colourings for maps and study highly symmetric examples of such maps. Edge-biregular maps of type (k, l) occur as smooth normal quotients of a particular index two subgroup of $$T_{k,l}$$

T

k
,
l

, the full triangle group describing regular plane (k, l)-tessellations. The resulting colour-preserving automorphism groups can be generated by four involutions. We explore special cases when the usual four generators are not distinct involutions, with constructions relating these maps to fully regular maps. We classify edge-biregular maps when the supporting surface has non-negative Euler characteristic, and edge-biregular maps on arbitrary surfaces when the colour-preserving automorphism group is isomorphic to a dihedral group.
Stronger Associations Between Sleep and Mental Health in Adults with Autism: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Henderson Lisa M. , St Clair M. , Knowland V. , van Rijn E. , Walker S. , Gaskell M. G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examined sleep and its cognitive and affective correlates in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD), utilizing UK Biobank data. There were no group differences in subjective sleep duration [n = 220 ASD; n = 2200 general population (GP)]. Accelerometer measures of sleep duration or nighttime activity did not differ by group, but sleep efficiency was marginally lower in ASD (n = 83 ASD; n = 824 GP). Sleep efficiency was associated with wellbeing and mental health, and pathways between accelerometer sleep measures and wellbeing and mental health were significantly stronger for adults with ASD (who also reported substantially poorer wellbeing and > 5 × likelihood of experiencing mental distress). These findings highlight the need to monitor sleep to maintain good mental health in adult ASD.