bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis/Ankylosing Spondylitis Initiating Interleukin‐17 Inhibitors: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study Using the French National Health Data System
Authors: Penso Laetitia , Bergqvist Christina , Meyer Antoine , Herlemont Philippe , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud , Dray‐Spira Rosemary , Sbidian Emilie 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the initiation of treatment with an interleukin‐17 inhibitor (IL‐17i) in real life is associated with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients who had both psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThis nationwide cohort study was conducted using the French National Health Data System database. All adult patients with PsO and PsA/AS who were identified as having newly initiated treatment with an IL‐17i during 2016–2019 were included. As controls, patients with PsO and PsA/AS who had newly initiated either 1) apremilast or 2) etanercept (ETN) during this period but had not received IL‐17i were included. The follow‐up end date was September 30, 2019. The primary end point was the risk of occurrence of IBD associated with exposure to an IL‐17i compared to exposure to the other treatments, as determined in a time‐to‐event analysis with propensity score–weighted Cox and Fine‐Gray proportional hazards models.ResultsThe study included a total of 16,793 new IL‐17i users (mean ± SD age 48.4 ± 13 years, 45% men), 20,556 new apremilast users (age 52.6 ± 15 years, 54% men), and 10,294 new ETN users (age 46.3 ± 15 years, 44% men). New IL‐17i users and new ETN users had received more biologics for their underlying disease compared to new apremilast users. IBD occurred in 132 patients: 72 new IL‐17i users (0.43%), 11 new apremilast users (0.05%), and 49 new ETN users (0.48%). Most IBD cases occurred after 6 months of exposure (82%, 55%, and 76%, respectively). After propensity score weighting, the risk of IBD was significantly greater among patients initiating an IL‐17i compared to those initiating apremilast (weighted hazard ratio [HR] 3.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.1–6.8]). No difference in the risk of IBD between new IL‐17i users and new ETN users was observed (weighted HR 0.8 [95% CI 0.5–1.2]).ConclusionPatients with PsO and PsA/AS who initiate treatment with an IL‐17i do not have a higher risk of developing IBD when compared to patients initiating ETN who display the same severity of underlying disease. These results need to be confirmed in other large studies of patients with PsO and PsA/AS.
Platelet Phagocytosis via P‐selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 and Accumulation of Microparticles in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Manfredi Angelo A. , Ramirez Giuseppe A. , Godino Cosmo , Capobianco Annalisa , Monno Antonella , Franchini Stefano , Tombetti Enrico , Corradetti Sara , Distler Jörg H. W. , Bianchi Marco E. , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia , Maugeri Norma 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveIt is unclear why activated platelets and platelet‐derived microparticles (MPs) accumulate in the blood of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study was undertaken to investigate whether defective phagocytosis might contribute to MP accumulation in the blood of patients with SSc.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from a total of 81 subjects, including 25 patients with SSc and 26 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirty sex‐ and age‐matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Studies were also conducted in NSG mice, in which the tail vein of the mice was injected with MPs, and samples of the lung parenchyma were obtained for analysis of the pulmonary microvasculature. Tissue samples from human subjects and from mice were assessed by flow cytometry and immunochemical analyses for determination of platelet–neutrophil interactions, phagocytosis, levels and distribution of P‐selectin, P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL‐1), and HMGB1 on platelets and MPs, and concentration of byproducts of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) generation/catabolism.ResultsActivated P‐selectin+ platelets and platelet‐derived HMGB1+ MPs accumulated in the blood of SSc patients but not in the blood of healthy controls. Patients with CAD, a vasculopathy independent of systemic inflammation, had fewer P‐selectin+ platelets and a negligible number of MPs. The expression of the receptor for P‐selectin, PSGL‐1, in neutrophils from SSc patients was significantly decreased, raising the possibility that phagocytes in SSc do not recognize activated platelets, leading to a failure of phagocytosis and continued neutrophil release of MPs. As evidence of this process, activated platelets were not detected in the neutrophils from SSc patients, whereas they were consistently present in the neutrophils from patients with CAD. HMGB1+ MPs elicited generation of NETs, which were only detected in the plasma of SSc patients. In mice, P‐selectin–PSGL‐1 interaction resulted in platelet phagocytosis in vitro and influenced the ability of MPs to elicit NETs, endothelial activation, and migration of leukocytes through the pulmonary microvasculature.ConclusionThe clearance of activated platelets via PSGL‐1 limits the undesirable effects of MP‐elicited neutrophil activation. This balance is disrupted in patients with SSc. Its reconstitution might curb vascular inflammation and prevent fibrosis.
International Consensus for the Dosing of Corticosteroids in Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Proliferative Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Chalhoub Nathalie E. , Wenderfer Scott E. , Levy Deborah M. , Rouster‐Stevens Kelly , Aggarwal Amita , Savani Sonia I. , Ruth Natasha M. , Arkachaisri Thaschawee , Qiu Tingting , Merritt Angela , Onel Karen , Goilav Beatrice , Khubchandani Raju P. , Deng Jianghong , Fonseca Adriana R. , Ardoin Stacy P. , Ciurtin Coziana , Kasapcopur Ozgur , Jelusic Marija , Huber Adam M. , Ozen Seza , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Appenzeller Simone , Cavalcanti André , Fotis Lampros , Lim Sern Chin , Silva Rodrigo M. , Miramontes Julia Ramírez‐ , Rosenwasser Natalie L. , Saad‐Magalhaes Claudia , Schonenberg‐Meinema Dieneke , Scott Christiaan , Silva Clovis A. , Enciso Sandra , Terreri Maria T. , Torres‐Jimenez Alfonso‐Ragnar , Trachana Maria , Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Devarajan Prasad , Huang Bin , Brunner Hermine I. ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Lupus Nephritis Work Group and the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society Lupus Working Party
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo develop a standardized steroid dosing regimen (SSR) for physicians treating childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis (LN), using consensus formation methodology.MethodsParameters influencing corticosteroid (CS) dosing were identified (step 1). Data from children with proliferative LN were used to generate patient profiles (step 2). Physicians rated changes in renal and extrarenal childhood‐onset SLE activity between 2 consecutive visits and proposed CS dosing (step 3). The SSR was developed using patient profile ratings (step 4), with refinements achieved in a physician focus group (step 5). A second type of patient profile describing the course of childhood‐onset SLE for ≥4 months since kidney biopsy was rated to validate the SSR‐recommended oral and intravenous (IV) CS dosages (step 6). Patient profile adjudication was based on majority ratings for both renal and extrarenal disease courses, and consensus level was set at 80%.ResultsDegree of proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, changes in renal and extrarenal disease activity, and time since kidney biopsy influenced CS dosing (steps 1 and 2). Considering these parameters in 5,056 patient profile ratings from 103 raters, and renal and extrarenal course definitions, CS dosing rules of the SSR were developed (steps 3–5). Validation of the SSR for up to 6 months post–kidney biopsy was achieved with 1,838 patient profile ratings from 60 raters who achieved consensus for oral and IV CS dosage in accordance with the SSR (step 6).ConclusionThe SSR represents an international consensus on CS dosing for use in patients with childhood‐onset SLE and proliferative LN. The SSR is anticipated to be used for clinical care and to standardize CS dosage during clinical trials.
Measurements of visual binaries with PISCO2 at the Nice 76‐cm refractor in 2011–2012
Authors: Gili René , Prieur Jean‐Louis , Rivet Jean‐Pierre , Vakili Farrokh , Scardia Marco , Pansecchi Luigi , Argyle Robert W. , Ling Josefina F. , Piccotti Luca , Aristidi Eric , Koechlin Laurent , Bonneau Daniel , Maccarini Luca , Serot Jocelyn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present relative astrometric and photometric measurements of visual binaries made in 2011–2012, with PISCO2 installed at the 76‐cm refractor of Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice (France). Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. Three different techniques have been used for obtaining those measurements: Lucky imaging, speckle interferometry, and the direct vector autocorrelation method. From our observations of 3,136 multiple stars, we obtained 3,568 new measurements with angular separations in the range of 0″.1–10″ and an average accuracy of 0″.016. The mean error on the position angles is 1°.7. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of the direct vector autocorrelation technique and/or by inspection of the Lucky images or the long integration files. We managed to routinely monitor faint systems (mV ≈ 9–11) with large magnitude difference (up to ΔmV ≈ 5). We have thus been able to measure many systems containing red dwarf stars that had been poorly monitored since their discovery. We also measured the magnitude difference of the two components of 326 binaries with an estimated error of 0.2 mag. Except for a few objects that have been discussed, our measurements are in a good agreement with the ephemerides computed with published orbital elements, even for the binaries closer than the diffraction limit. Thanks to good seeing images and with the use of high‐contrast numerical filters, we have also been able to obtain 196 measurements with an angular separation smaller than the diffraction limit of our instrumentation, and consistent with those obtained with larger telescopes. We also obtained new measurements of the 15th magnitude multiple system CON37, and discovered a faint new double star in its vicinity. Finally, we report 47 measurements of 28 new binaries found during our observations.
Discriminant value of repetitive behaviors in families with autism spectrum disorder and obsessional compulsive disorder probands
Authors: Lefebvre Aline , Cohen Alicia , Maruani Anna , Amsellem Fréderique , Beggiato Anita , Amestoy Anouck , Moal Myriam Ly‐Le , Umbricht Daniel , Chatham Christopher , Murtagh Lorraine , Bouvard Manuel , Leboyer Marion , Bourgeron Thomas , Delorme Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRepetitive behaviors (RB) represent a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from sensory‐motor stereotypies to complex cognitive rituals, frequently dichotomized as low‐ and high‐order sub‐groups of symptoms. Even though these subgroups are considered as phenomenologically distinct in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), brain imaging and genetic studies suggest that they have common mechanisms and pathways. This discrepancy may be explained by the frequent intellectual disability reported in ASD, which blurs the RB expressivity. Given the high heritability of RB, that is, the diversity of symptoms expressed in the relatives are dependent on those expressed in their probands, we hypothesize that if RB expressed in ASD or OCD are two distinct entities, then the RB expressed in relatives will also reflect these two dimensions. We thus conduct a linear discriminant analysis on RB in both the relatives of probands with ASD and OCD and subjects from the general population (n = 1023). The discriminant analysis results in a classification of 81.1% of the controls (p < 10−4), but poorly differentiated the ASD and OCD relatives (≈46%). The stepwise analysis reveals that five symptoms attributed to high‐order RB and two related to low‐order RB (including hypersensitivity) are the most discriminant. Our results support the idea that the difference of RB patterns in the relatives is mild compared with the distribution of symptoms in controls. Our findings reinforce the evidence of a common biological pattern of RB both in ASD and OCD but with minor differences, specific to each of these two neuro‐developmental disorders.Lay summaryRepetitive behaviors (RB), a key symptom in the classification of both OCD and ASD, are phenomenologically considered as distinct in the two disorders, which is in contrast with brain imaging studies describing a common neural circuit. Intellectual disability, which is frequently associated with ASD, makes RB in ASD more difficult to understand as it affects the expression of the RB symptoms. To avoid this bias, we propose to consider the familial aggregation in ASD and OCD by exploring RB in the first‐degree relatives of ASD and OCD. Our results highlight the existence of RB expressed in relatives compared to the general population, with a common pattern of symptoms in relatives of both ASD and OCD but also minor differences, specific to each of these two neuro‐developmental disorders.
Improving squalene production by blocking the competitive branched pathways and expressing rate‐limiting enzymes in Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Xu Wen , Wang Danyang , Fan Jinbo , Zhang Lei , Ma Xi , Yao Jia , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSqualene is a medically valuable bioactive compound that can be used as a raw material for fuels. Microbial fermentation is the preferred method for the squalene production. In this study, we employed several metabolic engineering strategies to increase squalene yield in Rhodopseudomonas palustris. A 57% increase in squalene titer was achieved by blocking the carotenoid pathway, thus directing more FPP into the squalene biosynthetic pathway. In order to cut down the conversion of squalene to haponoids, a recombinant strain R. palustris [Δshc, ΔcrtB] in which both carotenoid and haponoid pathways were blocked was then constructed, resulting in a 50‐fold increase in squalene titer. Based on the expression of rate‐limiting enzymes involved in the squalene pathway, the final squalene content reached 23.3 mg/g DCW, which was 178‐times higher than that of the wild‐type strain. In this study, several methods effective in improving squalene yield have been described and the potential of R. palustris for producing squalene has been demonstrated.
Steric Effects on the Formation of Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Alicyclic Thiol Derivatives on Au(111)
Authors: Seong Sicheon , Kwon Seungwook , Han Seulki , Son Young Ji , Lee Gaeun , Yang Taeho , Lee Nam‐Suk , Noh Jaegeun 
Published: July 2021

To understand the steric effects on the formation of alicyclic thiolate self‐assembled monolayers on Au(111), the surface structures and reductive desorption behaviors of self‐assembled monolayers on Au(111) derived from cyclohexanethiol (CHT) and 1‐methylcyclohexanethiols (MCHT) were characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry. STM observations showed that the adsorption of CHT on Au(111) resulted in the formation of well‐organized monolayers with an unit cell of a = 14.5 ± 0.3 Å and b = 10.2 ± 0.3 Å, while the adsorption of MCHT with a methyl substituent bonded to the 1‐position of the cyclohexyl ring resulted in the formation of a disordered phase. The reductive desorption potentials for CHT and MCHT monolayers on Au electrodes were observed at −0.984 and −0.974 V, respectively. This difference in potentials can be attributed to the difference in lateral interactions, which depend on the structural order of monolayers.
Intraoperative diagnosis of retroaortic left innominate vein in a patient with congenital heart disease
Authors: Kanakis Meletios , Bobos Dimitrios , Samanidis George , Papakonstantinou Nikolaos , Kousi Theophili , Lioulias Achilleas , Giannopoulos Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiagnosis of retroaortic left innominate vein is usually made by echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, but in several cases, diagnosis is made in the theater.
Transient Directing Groups in Metal−Organic Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Jacob Clément , Maes Bert U. W. , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe direct functionalization of C−H bonds is among the most fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis. However, when the innate reactivity of the substrate cannot be utilized for the functionalization of a given single C−H bond, this selective C−H bond functionalization mostly relies on the use of directing groups that allow bringing the catalyst in close proximity to the C−H bond to be activated and these directing groups need to be installed before and cleaved after the transformation, which involves two additional undesired synthetic operations. These additional steps dramatically reduce the overall impact and the attractiveness of C−H bond functionalization techniques since classical approaches based on substrate pre‐functionalization are sometimes still more straightforward and appealing. During the past decade, a different approach involving both the in situ installation and removal of the directing group, which can then often be used in a catalytic manner, has emerged: the transient directing group strategy. In addition to its innovative character, this strategy has brought C−H bond functionalization to an unprecedented level of usefulness and has enabled the development of remarkably efficient processes for the direct and selective introduction of functional groups onto both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. The processes unlocked by the development of these transient directing groups will be comprehensively overviewed in this review article.
Chemistry Platform for the Ultrafast Continuous Synthesis of High‐Quality III–V Quantum Dots
Authors: Giroire Baptiste , Garcia Alain , Marre Samuel , Cardinal Thierry , Aymonier Cyril 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA chemistry platform for the fast continuous synthesis of III–V quantum dots is demonstrated. III‐nitride QDs are prepared by using short residence times (less than 30 s) in a one‐step continuous process with supercritical solvents. GaN QDs prepared via this route exhibit strong UV photoluminescence with a structuring of the emission signal at low temperature (5 K), confirming their high quality. An example of metal site substitution is given with the synthesis of InxGa1‐xN solid solution. A continuous bandgap shift towards lower energies is demonstrated when increasing the indium content with strong photoluminescence signals from UV to visible. The chemistry platform proposed could be easily extrapolated to binary and ternary III phosphides or arsenides with the homologous V source.
Soybean Hairy Root Transformation: A Rapid and Highly Efficient Method
Authors: Song Jaehyo , Tóth Katalin , Montes‐Luz Bruna , Stacey Gary 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNew genetic engineering techniques have advanced the field of plant molecular biology, and Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation has enabled the discovery of numerous molecular and genetic functions. It has been widely used in many plants, including the economically important crop, soybean. Large‐scale genetic analyses are needed to comprehend the molecular mechanisms that underlie the agronomic traits of soybean, and the generation of stable transgenic plants involves a lengthy and laborious process. Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated hairy root transformation is a quick and efficient method for investigations of root‐specific processes and interactions. Generation of composite plants with transgenic roots and wild‐type shoots allows for the study of the genetic mechanisms involved in root biology, such as the Bradyrhizobium‐soybean interaction. Here, we provide an updated protocol for generating hairy soybean roots in as little as 18 days in a cost‐ and space‐effective manner and demonstrate possible uses of composite plants with soybean nodulation assays and gene expression analysis as examples. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Soybean hairy root transformationBasic Protocol 2: Soybean nodulation assayAlternate Protocol: Soybean nodulation assay in germination pouchesSupport Protocol: Bradyrhizobium japonicum culture preparation for inoculationBasic Protocol 3: Histochemical GUS staining for promoter analysis
Preparation and Mounting of Whole Blood Clot Samples for Mechanical Testing
Authors: Sugerman Gabriella P. , Chokshi Armaan , Rausch Manuel K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudying and quantifying the mechanics of blood clots is essential to better diagnosis and prognosis of, as well as therapy for, thromboembolic pathologies such as strokes, heart attacks, and pulmonary embolisms. Unfortunately, mechanically testing blood clots is complicated by their softness and fragility, thus making the use of classic mounting techniques, such as clamping, challenging. This is particularly true for mechanical testing under large deformation. Here, we describe protocols for creating in vitro blood clots and securely mounting these samples on mechanical test equipment. To this end, we line 3D‐printed molds with a hook‐and‐loop fabric that, after coagulation, provides a secure interface between the sample and device mount. In summary, our molding and mounting protocols are ideal for performing large‐deformation mechanical testing, with samples that can withstand substantial deformation without delaminating from the apparatus. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Cube‐shaped blood clot preparationBasic Protocol 2: Sheet‐shaped blood clot preparation
Numerical study for the fractional RL, RC, and RLC electrical circuits using Legendre pseudo‐spectral method
Authors: Khader M. M. , Gómez‐Aguilar J. F. , Adel M. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn the presented work, we present an accurate procedure, which is the spectral method, to find a solution to a certain class of the very important fractional (described by the Liouville–Caputo sense) models of the electrical RL, RC, and RLC circuits. This method is collocated using some important advantages of the generalized Legendre polynomials to obtain the numerical solution for these models. Besides, we compare the approximate solutions that are obtained using the presented technique for the proposed models with their exact solution in the given numerical examples.