bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of carrots to Alternaria SP., Fusarium SP. and factors influencing it
Authors: Leunov V I , Sokolova L M , Beloshapkina O O , Khovrin A N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The results of many years of work (2008–2018) in the Moscow region on the identification of genetic sources of resistance in wild species and varieties of the genus Daucus on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds to alternariosis and fusarium wilting are presented. When testing the breeding material for leaf and root diseases after storage, the most valuable breeding samples of sowing carrots were identified: Losinoostrovskaya 13, Marlinka, NIIOKH-336, Fakel, Moscow Winter A-75. Using the example of the medium susceptible variety of carrots Red cored and susceptible Nigel, a high correlation between precipitation, high soil moisture, and the development of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. on different backgrounds. The prevalence of carrot diseases in the south of Russia in the Rostov region was less than in the central part of the RF NPP; in a wetter 2018 compared to 2017, the variety samples in both zones were more stable, except for individual hybrids.
Symbiotic activity of leguminous crops depending on the variety and growing conditions
Authors: Tedeeva V V , Tedeeva A A , Abaev A A , Mamiev D M , Khokhoeva N T , Kelekhsashvili L M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe article considers the symbiotic activity of chickpeas and soybean crops depending on the action of various herbicides and fertilizers. In the field conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania, the effect of mineral fertilizers on the symbiotic activity of promising varieties of chickpeas was studied and it was established that mineral fertilizers had a significant effect on the formation of the symbiotic chickpeas apparatus. Mineral fertilizers contributed to the increase in the average mass of nodules and their number. According to the mass of active nodules formed by Vilana soybean plants, increasing the dose of complex fertilizer Nagro to 0.5 l/ha is justified, since the mass of nodules on one plant in this variant increased in development phases. All options with the introduction of bio fertilizer Nagro for soybean crops were characterized by a significant increase in the mass of nodules in comparison with the control variant. Control variants formed more inactive nodules on the lateral roots, which were also characterized by smaller sizes.
Application of modern technologies in identifying distinctive features in the subpopulation of Novoaltaiskaya horses
Authors: Blohina N V , Khrabrova L A , Gavrilicheva I S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Novoaltaiskaya meat horse breed was developed in the end of the XX century by crossing heavy draft sires of different breeds with native and crossbred Altai mares. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in two geographically separated subpopulations of horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed and their relationship with the Altaiskaya horse using 17 panel microsatellite loci (VHL20, HTG4, AHT4, HMS7, HTG6, AHT5, HMS6, ASB23, ASB2, HTG10, HTG7, HMS3, HMS2, ASB17, LEX3, HMS1 and CA425). The horses of Novoaltaiskaya breed demonstrated a high level of variability of all 17 STR loci with calculated 148 alleles in total. In the genetic structure of Novoaltaiskaya horse breed we identified the rare alleles VHL20S, ASB23V, ASB2T, HMS1Q, HMS2S, HMS3S and CA425K that are typical of native horse breeds of our country. A comparative analysis of the four groups according to the main genetic and population characteristics showed that the horses of the «Merkit» subpopulation (Altai Republic) are leading in all parameters of genetic diversity, including the maximum level of polymorphism (Ae=4.959), the level of observed heterozygosity Ho (0.776), and the expected heterozygosity of He (0.758). That ensured a negative Fis value. The coefficient of genetic similarity between two subpopulations of Novoaltaiskaya horses was 0,935. Thus, the use of genetic biotechnology allowed us to identify rare and frequently occurring alleles in the subpopulation of Novoaltaiskaya horses.
Intelligent methods for assessing the productivity of dairy cattle based on a comprehensive study of elemental status
Authors: Bolodurina I P , Akimov S S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the problem of increasing productivity in the field of dairy cattle breeding. Literature analysis showed that in practice, productivity is rarely studied as a complex characteristic of the state of animal husbandry. For mutual coordination of the complex of different format data, it is proposed to consider the entire process of animal life as an exchange of substances consisting of elements. In this case, all changes in the balance of the living system of dairy production can be assessed through the entry and disposal of elements, which is reflected in the elemental status of animals. Using this approach allowed us to formulate an algorithm for the productivity of dairy cattle breeding, which includes all stages of assessing elemental status, collecting data on the feed base and groups of animals, correlating the data and calculating corrective norms for feed additives. Further application of the generated algorithm made it possible to develop a decision support system in the field of dairy cattle breeding, which also includes all the basic elements of assessing and adjusting the feed base, through the assessment of elemental status.
Influence of growth hormone gene polymorphism on the productive qualities and the level of toxic elements in the hair of Kalmyk breed calves
Authors: Miroshnikov S A , Kharlamov A V , Frolov A N , Zavyalov O A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The studies were performed on a model of calves of the Kalmyk breed (n = 100) from birth to 14 months of age. The effect of growth hormone polymorphism (rs135322669) on productive qualities, body parameters, and toxic load level is estimated. Blood samples were taken to detect gene polymorphism. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood using a DNA-Extran-1 reagent kit. Primers were developed based on published bGH sequences (Gen Bank Accession NOS. M57764) using Primer3 software. Real-time PCR was performed on an ANK-32 programmable amplifier. The frequency of occurrence of polymorphism in the calves was revealed: 62 % with the CC genotype, 26 % with CG and 12 % with GG. The study of the growth rate of the studied animals from birth to 14 months of age was carried out on the basis of individual monthly weighing. The development was studied on the basis of taking measurements: height at the withers, height at the sacrum, width of the chest, depth of the chest, length of the body, width at the sacrum at 14 months of age. The superiority of calves with CC genotype in live weight starting from 6 months of age over peers with genotypes CG and GG was established. At the age of 6 months it was 5.0–7.0 %, and at 14 months of age 5.0–9.0 %. Calves with the GG genotype were inferior to peers with the CC genotype in height at the withers by 2.3 %, by 2.0 % in the sacrum, by 4.7 % in the chest width, by 5.3 % in the width at the sacrum, by 3.1 % in the chest depth and were inferior to the calves with genotype CG by the width of the chest by 2.3 %. The determination of toxic elements: Al, Cd, Pb, Sn, Hg, Sr, was carried out by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES-ICP and MS-ICP). Calves with the SS genotype accumulated less toxic substances in the hair from the withers, so their ∑tox was 52.4-63.1 % lower as compared to their peers with the CG and GG genotypes. This is also confirmed by the correlation analysis, which revealed a reliable relationship between gene polymorphism and ∑tox in wool at the level of r = 0.92.
Lipid spectrum of blood when vegetable fats are introduced into the diet of calves
Authors: Grechkina B V , Miroshnikov S A , Lebedev S V 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study of metabolic effects of lipophilic vegetable products: sunflower (I group, n=3), palm (II group, n=3) and linseed oil (III group, n=3) were carried out on calves at the age of 9 months (n=3) with a body weight of 215–220 kg. The introduction of sunflower and palm oil was expressed by the increase in high density lipoproteins HS-HDL and OHs. According to HS-HDL/HS-LDL accumulation ratio, the test fats were arranged in the groups as follows: II (1.82)>III (1.78)>I (1.74)>control (0.77) conv. units. The effect of vegetable fats on the blood serum of experimental animals according to OHs/Hs-HDL index was as follows: III (0.34)<I (0.36)<I (0.38)<control (0.46). Thus, the introduction of oils reduces LDL and the atherogenic index in blood serum with a significant increase in HDL. This can serve the basis for the use of vegetable oils as promising natural hepatoprotectors in feeding animals, and at the stage of growing it will help to monitor the level of lipids in the body of calves and to calculate them in diet formulation.
Productive characteristics of beef cattle of various ecogenetic groups
Authors: Jaimysheva S S , Kosilov V I , Miroshnikov S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the study of peculiarities of the muscle development of the carcasses of Simmental, Kazakh Whiteheaded heifers and their cross breeds of the I generation. The control slaughter of 3 heifers of different genotypes was carried out at 18 months of age: I – Simmental, II – Kazakh Whiteheaded, III – 1/2 Kazakh Whiteheaded x 1/2 Simmental. To evaluate the development of a set of muscles and individual muscles, left semi–carcasses were prepared along the anatomical regions. The paper presents the analysis of the set of muscles in relation with their joints and topographic location. The development of muscles is described in terms of the absolute weight of individual muscles and the muscle sets. The paper states the advantage of crossbred heifers over their herdmates in the development of spinal muscles by 6.30–33.07 %, the weight of shoulder muscles – by 5.96–11.29 %, the entire thoracic limb – by 5.97–5.65 %, the weight of muscles of the entire pelvic girdle – by 22.13–17.19 %.
Studying the microflora of broilers to assess the effectiveness of using new feed additives
Authors: Karimov I F , Kondrashova K S , Duskaev G K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The creation of new feed additives, compositions of original substances (vegetable or chemical origin) requires a modern assessment of their safety for the animal body and effective use in the production of agricultural products. In the experiment, the control group received a basic diet (BD); I experimental – BD with lived microorganisms based on bacterial strain Bacillus cereus in a dose of 4 ml/kg b.w./day; II experimental – BD + Bacillus cereus + vegetable substance (9 μg/kg b.w.//day); III experimental – BD + vegetable substance (9 μg/kg per day). The Bacillus cereus strain was found to reduce the number of antimicrobial agents resistant forms of bacteria, whereas the use of vegetable substance did not significantly change the overall picture. At the same time, it should be noted that there is a need for further studies to evaluate active substances of medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect, to create promising feed substances.
Technological approaches to the problem of double ovulation and twin pregnancies in mares
Authors: Lebedeva L F , Solodova E V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The aim of the work was to determine and justify the correct technological approach in cases of double ovulation and twin pregnancies in mares. The frequency of single and double ovulations (n=2207), the level of twin pregnancies and the results of manual reduction of excess embryo in mares were studied. The average level of double ovulations was 9.5 % per year, and it had no significant difference in mares of different breeds (Russian Trotter, French Trotter, Standardbred and others). The number of poliovulations in February-March (3.2–4.9 %) and August (5.1 %) was significantly (p <0.05) lower than it was in April-July (9.9–11.3 %). The number of multiple ovulations gradually decreased from young (4–8 yo) to old (>14 yo) mares (11.9 – 5.1 %) (p <0.05). The third part of all mares (35.8 %) with poliovulations repeated it during one season, and after 1–3 successive breeding seasons. The mating of mares with double ovulation resulted in 35.0 % of twin embryos and 28.1 % of single embryos. The success rate of manual reduction of the second embryo on days 12–14 was 85.3 %.
Technology of predicting the productivity of the animals
Authors: Markova I V , Kazakova T V , Marshinskaia O V , Matyushchenko N S , Tarasova E I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate cows with the “loaded metabolism” phenomenon. This study was performed on cows of black-and-white breed with a live weight of 620.3 ± 15.3 kg, aged 4–6 years. For the study, depending on the concentration of manganese in the fur, animals were divided into three groups: I – up to the 25th percentile, II – within the 25–75th centile interval, III – above the 75th percentile, calculated separately for each micropopulation. Cows showed an increase in chemical elements in the wool, depending on the percentile range of manganese concentration in the wool. Thus, with a high content of manganese, an increased content of macronutrients – calcium, sodium, and magnesium – was also observed. The results of an elemental analysis of the wool of black-and-white cows showed that the group of animals with a “loaded metabolism” also contains a higher content of almost all the elements studied.
Comparative study of efficiency and safety of using of different zinc and copper sources in broiler chicken feeding for poultry meat production
Authors: Sizova E A , Belyatskaya Yu N , Miroshnikov S A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the study on the environmental-biology assessment of different zinc and copper sources in broiler chicken diets. The first experiment included a comparative evaluation of copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, nanoparticles of these metal alloy (ZnCu NP), and Cu and Zn asparaginate. The second experiment implied that copper sulfate was replaced with CuI NP (d=55±15 nm); Cu II NP (d=103±2 nm); Cu asparaginate. In the third experiment, the ZnSO4×7H2O in the chicken diet was replaced with Zn NP, with Zn asparaginate. The first experiment revealed the greatest productive effect when using ZnCu NP. The replacement of Cu and Zn sulfates with ZnCu NP was accompanied by the increase in the copper pool in the body by 58.2 % compared to the control and by 39.3 % compared to the use of asparaginate. The differences in the amount of zinc pool in the chicken body made 17.3 and 51.9 %, respectively. In the second experiment, the greatest productive effect was found in the group receiving CuII NP, the efficacy was lower with the use of asparaginates, and the lowest with the feeding of copper and CuI NP sulfates. The highest bioavailability of copper was obtained from CuII NP agent. Upon the conclusion of the third experiment, the highest body weight was observed in the zinc asparaginate group. The value of the zinc pool in the poultry of this group exceeded the level of the control group by 9.5 and by 15.7 % when using Zn NP. The obtained result shows the possibility of using these forms in the industrial production of animal feed.
Photosynthesis productivity and architectonics of the Crystal grape variety canopy with different techniques of training and forming grape bushes
Authors: Guseynov Sh N , Mayborodin S V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
For the successful cultivation of grapes, it is very important to correctly determine the appropriate techniques for the formation of bushes that match the biology of the variety and the conditions for growth. It is also important to select an appropriate supporting structure which is suitable for a chosen training technique. Various viticultural countries continuously conduct research to improve the ways of growing grapes. In this case, particular importance is given to cultivation technologies that involve grape varieties adapted to specific environmental conditions as well as economical ways for their growing that ensure the effective production of grapes with necessary technological and consumer conditions [1–6]. The architecture of the grape plant is interconnected with the techniques of training, formation, and pruning of grape bushes. These techniques determine the conditions of espaliering the leaf assimilation apparatus that uses solar energy to create the organic mass of plants. In this research, we use the Crystal grape variety to show the specific features of leaf apparatus formation and productivity of photosynthesis under the use of different agricultural techniques (methods of training, forming, and trimming as well as determining the norm of bush loading with shoots and harvest) in relation to the planting scheme of bushes. The work also studies the influence of these techniques on the productivity of industrial and intensive-type bushes under the conditions of the Lower Don region. We found that the use of recommended agricultural techniques allows developing: 1) a system of canes and leaves that is high in volume and well oriented within the row of a vineyard; 2) high productivity of photosynthesis; 3) optimal ratio between vegetative mass and harvest.
Results of studies of a potato digger with rod burning working bodies
Authors: Baybulatov T S , Aushevent M Kh , Khamkhoev B I , Tsechoeva A Kh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental studies of a potato digger with standard (control) and bar undermining working bodies (experience). A relationship has been established between the speed of the harvester and the loss (number of seedlings) of potato tubers for various harvesting options. The aggregate composition of the soil is justified when using the above potato digger. It was found that an increase in the speed of movement of the potato digger by 1 km/h leads to an increase in losses of potato tubers in the control variant by 2.7 pcs/m. In the experimental version, it leads to a decrease in losses of potato tubers by 2.0 pcs/m. Besides, in the control variant, an increase in the speed of movement from 1.8 to 3.4 km/h led to an increase in losses of potato tubers by an average of 4.7 pcs/m, when in the experimental variant the casualties were 4 pcs/m. However, with the pilot version, the speed increase was from 2.6 to 3.4 km/h, the losses decreased by an average of 1.0 pcs/m, with a parallel rise in potato digger productivity.
Information support for crop production automation in Russia and Belarus
Authors: Aletdinova A A , Lenski A V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the information support used in Russia and Belarus for crop automation. The authors have grouped software products by application areas: management of technical means; control and measurement of technological parameters of crop production; planning of crop production and support for making managerial decisions. In addition, a survey of Russian and Belarusian agricultural specialists was conducted, which identified the most popular programs: agro-calculators, mobile applications for navigation, nitrogen management, and support for the implementation of precision farming technologies. The Russian and Belarusian market of software for crop automation has just begun to develop and so it supports management decisions only at certain process stages. Insufficient attention is paid by developers to implementation of optimization models, in particular, to planning the operation of the machine and tractor fleet.
Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer
Authors: Bobrenko I A , Kormin V P , Matveychik O A , Boldysheva E P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The studies developed agrochemical regulatory parameters for the use of organic fertilizer based on litterless chicken manure for managing potato nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The place of research was the experimental field and the department of agrochemistry and soil science of the FSBEI HE Omsk State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. The studied objects included potato plants of the Alaya Zarya variety and meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus medium-loamy soil. Potatoes formed a yield of 22.9 t / ha without fertilizers and 26.0-33.2 t / ha with fertilizers. The use of 12 t / ha was the most effective because the yield increases in 10.3 tons or 45.0%, the payback of 1 ton of manurewas0.86 tons of tubers. 1 ton of litterless manure increases the concentration of N-NO3 by 2.06 mg/kg, P2O5 - 2.73 and K2O - 1.28. The authors established quantitative characteristics of the action intensity of 1 ton of manure on potato yields (1.14 t/ha) and proposed a formula of calculating doses for a planned increase in yield based on this study. They identified a normative indicator (coefficient b2) of the action intensity of 1 t/ha of manure on the nitrate-nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and potassium. It allows to predict their accumulation in the soil and to determine the dose of fertilizers considering the optimal and actual content of the nutrient element in the soil.
Cleaning module of the sorting surface of a continuous processing unit for grinding and freeze drying of lumpy materials
Authors: Khrameshin R , Khrameshin A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The article considers the problem of improving the quality of semi-finished vegetables and the possibility of optimizing and automating this process. The processes of cleaning calibrated crushed lumpy materials are analyzed depending on the physicomechanical and chemical properties of the processed materials, with elements of modeling the process modes of equipment operation, allowing improving the quality of the final product. The mathematical model is considered and presented in two parts: the mathematical model of a separate system and the mathematical model of the interaction between elements, the latter reflecting a new approach. The construction of a mathematical model of the individual elements of the system and the mathematical model of interaction is carried out inseparably from each other, as a single process. The method is effective because it is based on the use of the found response function equation. For a given value of one of the factors, such boundaries of change of another factor are determined that ensure that the optimization criterion does not go beyond the certain studied framework, due to the technological requirements of the process under consideration.
Histological evaluation of changing the feeding technology of broiler chickens by introducing a Anethum graveolens-based feed supplement
Authors: Kruglovetskaya I B , Yakushkin I V , Nadtochiy A Yu , Chetvergova I G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of morphological studies of internal organs of broiler chickens when using an Anethum Graveolens-based additive in the diet. In the spring-summer period, an experiment was conducted for three groups of broiler chickens. In addition to feed, the 1st experimental group daily received an alcoholic tincture based on Anethum graveolens; the 2nd experimental group – Anethum graveolens seeds; the 3rd group served as the control. After the end of the experiment, the samples of internal organs were taken for histological studies and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson, Sudan III, according to Weigert, alcian blue. According to the results of the studies, the Anethum graveolens seeds used in the 2nd experimental group did not have a negative effect on the internal organs of broiler chickens. However, the changes were observed in the 1st experimental group using an alcohol tincture based on Anethum graveolens in the diet. At the same time, the data for broiler chickens of the control group were within normal limits.