bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of high-temperature oxidation on the phase distribution of metal substrate in duplex stainless steel
Authors: Matsumoto Minami , Kimura Ken , Sugiura Natsuko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuplex stainless steels (DSSs), which consist of ferrite and austenite phases, are widely used owing to their high strength and good corrosion resistance. However, the oxidation behavior of DSSs is extremely complicated because they have dual phases. In this study, changes in the scale and the metal substrate during oxidation were investigated. UNS S32101 (Fe-21.5%Cr–5%Mn–1.5%Ni–0.3%Mo–0.22%N), which is a typical type of DSS, was annealed at 1473 K for up to 36 ks in air. The microstructure of UNS S32101 consisted of austenite/ferrite phases, the ratio of which was 50:50 at room temperature. After oxidation, Cr, Mn-oxide formed predominantly. The metal substrate beneath the scale changed mostly to ferrite. In the same region, depletion of Mn and N concentrations resulted. The decrease in Mn was due to the formation of Cr, Mn-oxide. In addition, it was revealed that N content of the metal substrate decreased due to the formation of N2 gas along with the depletion of Mn. It was assumed that the decrease in Mn and N, which are austenite-stabilized elements, led to an increase in ferrite in the depletion area of Mn and N. From this result, it was expected that the compositional changes in the Mn/N depletion area were caused by the oxidation of steel.
The actorness of the President of the Republic in Italian foreign policy: a quantitative narrative analysis of two case studies (1999–2013)
Authors: Tebaldi Mauro , Calaresu Marco , Purpura Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we address the topic of policy actorness in Italian foreign policy to characterize the understudied role of the President of the Italian Republic (PoR). We apply quantitative narrative analysis (QNA) as the methodological tool of our study, answering two research questions to which the academic literature has so far produced limited responses: (a) whether the PoR can be considered a relevant actor in Italian foreign policy and (b) which factors can affect the Italian PoR’s relevance in foreign policy. Considering the Italian PoR’s Diary as the unit of analysis and source of data, we study the two crucial cases of Ciampi’s presidency (1999–2006) and Napolitano’s first presidency (2006–2013). QNA allows us to quantify and compare, while maintaining an actor-centred approach, the relations of the two PoRs with the most relevant actors in foreign policy. The results of our analyses highlight the relevance of the Italian PoR figure, identifying the main areas of influence of the Italian head of state and their changes over time. We conclude providing a few hypotheses to interpret the outcomes of our analyses on the PoR’s role in Italian foreign policy.
Agricultural and non-agricultural directions of bio-based sewage sludge valorization by chemical conditioning
Authors: Izydorczyk Grzegorz , Mikula Katarzyna , Skrzypczak Dawid , Trzaska Krzystof , Moustakas Konstantinos , Witek-Krowiak Anna , Chojnacka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of waste sludge protein hydrolysates obtained by chemical sludge conditioning was reported. The discussed areas include acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, lime conditioning, polyelectrolyte dewatering and other supporting techniques such as ultrasounds, microwave or thermal methods. The legislative aspects related to the indication of the development method and admission to various applications based on specified criteria were discussed. Particular attention was devoted to the legally regulated content of toxic elements: cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, chromium and microelements that may be toxic: copper and zinc. Various methods of extracting valuable proteins from sewage sludge have been proposed: chemical, physical and enzymatic. While developing the process concept, you need to consider extraction efficiency (time, temperature, humidity, pH), drainage efficiency of post-extraction residues and directions of their management. The final process optimization is crucial. Despite the development of assumptions for various technologies, excess sewage sludge remains a big problem for sewage treatment plants. The high costs of enzymatic hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic methods and the need for a neutralizing agent in acid solubilization limit the rapid implementation of these processes in industrial practice.
Graphical abstract
Numerical Modeling of Bond Formation in Polymer Surface Metallization Using Cold Spray
Authors: Heydari Astaraee Asghar , Colombo Chiara , Bagherifard Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSurface metallization of polymeric materials using cold spray technology has gained increasing attention in the past decade. Experimental studies have evidenced multiple challenges of this process regarding continuity and homogeneity of the metallic deposits on polymer substrates. Modeling and simulation tools could be very helpful to assess the efficiency of different strategies suggested for improved deposition at a considerably reduced cost; nevertheless, the efforts to use numerical modeling in this sector have been less successful. Here, we develop a detailed finite element model for the cold spray deposition of metal particles on polymeric substrates to shed light on the underlying deposition mechanisms. The simulation results are compared with the literature experiments to establish the effectiveness of the proposed model. The developed model is able to capture the key phenomena involved in the deposition mechanism particularly the particle and substrate mechanical interlocking and substrate local melting. It is shown that a particle velocity threshold value should be exceeded to achieve an effective mechanical interlocking. The substate thermal domain and melting as well as the effects of particle velocity and size on deformation and particle anchorage are discussed.
Interregional Inventor Mobility in the Russian Federation as Evidenced by European Patent Data
Authors: Perret Jens K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe transmission of knowledge between different entities is a central part of the concept of the national innovation system introduced by Lundvall. As knowledge in general, and tacit knowledge specifically, is a statistically rather intangible concept, alternative concepts need to be implemented to account for it. This study uses the idea of inventor mobility to account for tacit knowledge transmissions across the regions of the Russian Federation. In particular, the combination of the results of both ideas is used to account for purely inventor-based knowledge flows. These flows are quantified, and it is shown that basic economic indicators like the quality of the regional research system and the regional income levels are suitable in describing the intensity of knowledge flows.
3D Seed-Germination-Like MXene with In Situ Growing CNTs/Ni Heterojunction for Enhanced Microwave Absorption via Polarization and Magnetization
Authors: Li Xiao , You Wenbin , Xu Chunyang , Wang Lei , Yang Liting , Li Yuesheng , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2021

Highlights

Benefiting from the possible “seed-germination” effect, the “seeds” Ni2+ grow into “buds” Ni nanoparticles and “stem” carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the enlarged “soil” of MXene skeleton.

Compared with the traditional magnetic agglomeration, the MXene-CNTs/Ni hybrids exhibit the highly spatial dispersed magnetic architecture.

3D MXene-CNTs/Ni composites hold excellent microwave absorption performance (−56.4 dB at only 2.4 mm).

Abstract
Ti3C2Tx MXene is widely regarded as a potential microwave absorber due to its dielectric multi-layered structure. However, missing magnetic loss capability of pure MXene leads to the unmatched electromagnetic parameters and unsatisfied impedance matching condition. Herein, with the inspiration from dielectric-magnetic synergy, this obstruction is solved by fabricating magnetic CNTs/Ni hetero-structure decorated MXene substrate via a facile in situ induced growth method. Ni2+ ions are successfully attached on the surface and interlamination of each MXene unit by intensive electrostatic adsorption. Benefiting from the possible “seed-germination” effect, the “seeds” Ni2+ grow into “buds” Ni nanoparticles and “stem” carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the enlarged “soil” of MXene skeleton. Due to the improved impedance matching condition, the MXene-CNTs/Ni hybrid holds a superior microwave absorption performance of − 56.4 dB at only 2.4 mm thickness. Such a distinctive 3D architecture endows the hybrids: (i) a large-scale 3D magnetic coupling network in each dielectric unit that leading to the enhanced magnetic loss capability, (ii) a massive multi-heterojunction interface structure that resulting in the reinforced polarization loss capability, confirmed by the off-axis electron holography. These outstanding results provide novel ideas for developing magnetic MXene-based absorbers.
Describing the impacts of COVID-19 on the labor market in Japan until June 2020
Authors: Fukai Taiyo , Ichimura Hidehiko , Kawata Keisuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Labor Force Survey, a large-scale government statistics, and the causal forest algorithm are used to estimate the group average treatment effect of the COVID-19 on the employment status for each month from January to June 2020. We find that (1) because of the seasonality in employment status at monthly level, whether we use January 2020 as the base month for comparison, as done in most of the studies or whether we use the same month last year as the base comparison group makes a large difference; (2) whether we include those who are absent from work among the employed or not makes a large difference in the measure of the impact of COVID-19 and its changes; (3) if we use the employment measure which does not include those who are absent from work among the employed, 25–30% among the employed are adversely affected and that 10% of the employed experienced more than 10% decline in employment probability in April, 2020; (4) those who are the most affected by the COVID-19 are those who are unemployed or work part-time in the hotel and restaurant industry and service occupations; (5) in addition, younger and female respondents are more affected than are older and male respondents; and (6) we observe no clear differences in the impacts of COVID-19 with respect to living location, education status, and firm size among the most affected.
Social media analytics of the Internet of Things
Authors: Scheibmeir Jim A. , Malaiya Yashwant K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Internet of Things technology offers convenience and innovation in areas such as smart homes and smart cities. Internet of Things solutions require careful management of devices and the risk mitigation of potential vulnerabilities within cyber-physical systems. The Internet of Things concept, its implementations, and applications are frequently discussed on social media platforms. This research illuminates the public view of the Internet of Things through a content-based and network analysis of contemporary conversations occurring on the Twitter platform. Tweets can be analyzed with machine learning methods to converge the volume and variety of conversations into predictive and descriptive models. We have reviewed 684,503 tweets collected in a 2-week period. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, we have identified trends within the realm of IoT and their interconnecting relationships between the most mentioned industries. We have identified characteristics of language sentiment which can help to predict the popularity of IoT conversation topics. We found the healthcare industry as the leading use case industry for IoT implementations. This is not surprising as the current COVID-19 pandemic is driving significant social media discussions. There was an alarming dearth of conversations towards cybersecurity. Recent breaches and ransomware events denote that organizations should spend more time communicating about risks and mitigations. Only 12% of the tweets relating to the Internet of Things contained any mention of topics such as encryption, vulnerabilities, or risk, among other cybersecurity-related terms. We propose an IoT Cybersecurity Communication Scorecard to help organizations benchmark the density and sentiment of their corporate communications regarding security against their specific industry.
The Epistemological Power of Taste
Authors: RICHARDSON LOUISE 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIt is generally accepted that sight—the capacity to see or to have visual experiences—has the power to give us knowledge about things in the environment and some of their properties in a distinctive way. Seeing the goose on the lake puts me in a position to know that it is there and that it has certain properties. And it does this by, when all goes well, presenting us with these features of the goose. One might even think that it is part of what it is to be a perceptual capacity that it has this kind of epistemological power, such that a capacity that lacked this power could not be perceptual. My focus in this essay is the sense of taste—the capacity to taste things or to have taste experiences. It has sometimes been suggested that taste lacks sight-like epistemological power. I argue that taste has epistemological power of the same kind as does sight, but that as a matter of contingent fact, that power often goes unexercised in our contemporary environment. We can know about things by tasting them in the same kind of way as we can know about things by seeing them, but we often do not. I then consider the significance of this conclusion. I suggest that in one way, it matters little, because our primary interest in taste (in marked contrast to our other senses) is not epistemic but aesthetic. But, I end by suggesting, it can matter ethically.
Comorbidities and Medical Complications in Hospitalized Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Schur Solon , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Di Maio Salvatore , Buckeridge David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract:Background:Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a devastating condition with a case fatality of 36% at 30 days. Risk factors for mortality in SAH patients include patient demographics and the severity of the neurological injury. Pre-existing conditions and non-neurological medical complications occurring during the index hospitalization are also risk factors for mortality in SAH. The magnitude of the effect on mortality of pre-existing conditions and medical complications, however, is less well understood. In this study, we aim to determine the effect of pre-existing conditions and medical complications on SAH mortality.Methods:For a 25% random sample of the Greater Montreal Region, we used discharge abstracts, physician billings, and death certificate records, to identify adult patients with a new diagnosis of non-traumatic SAH who underwent cerebral angiography or surgical clipping of an aneurysm between 1997 and 2014.Results:The one-year mortality rate was 14.76% (94/637). Having ≥3 pre-existing conditions was associated with increased one-year mortality OR 3.74, 95% CI [1.25, 9.57]. Having 2, or ≥3 medical complications was associated with increased one-year mortality OR, 2.42 [95% CI 1.25–4.69] and OR, 2.69 [95% CI 1.43–5.07], respectively. Sepsis, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrhythmias were associated with increased one-year mortality. Having 1, 2, or ≥3 pre-existing conditions was associated with increased odds of having medical complications in hospital.Conclusions:Pre-existing conditions and in-hospital non-neurological medical complications are associated with increased one-year mortality in SAH. Pre-existing conditions are associated with increased medical complications.
Validation of the Bangla WHO-5 Well-being Index
Authors: Faruk Md. Omar , Alam Farzana , Chowdhury Kamal Uddin Ahmed , Soron Tanjir Rashid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Subjective wellbeing in terms of objective outcome can be useful to determine the level of progress in clinical practice as well as research studies in Bangladesh. Besides, cultural understanding of well-being for Bangladeshi population is also equally important to report. A valid Bangla version of the five-item WHO Well-being Index can be a suitable measure to achieve the purposes. Therefore, the present study aimed at validating the WHO-5 Well-being Index for general population in Bangladesh.

Methods
After following the standard procedures for translation, back-translation, and committee translation, the initial Bangla version of the scale was developed and pretested. Based on the feedback during pretesting, a slight modification was made and the final version was developed. This final version was administered to 269 participants of different socioeconomic backgrounds to find out the reliability and validity of the scale from March 2019 to May 2019. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.

Results
The scale demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.754) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.713), divergent validity (r = −0.443, p < 0.01 with the Bangla version of Perceived Stress Scale-10) and convergent validity (r = 0.542, p < 0.01 with the Bangla version of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale). The data also yielded one-factor structure for the scale in exploratory factor analysis explaining 38.68% of total variance. The factor-structure was further supported in the confirmatory factor analysis (χ2 = 295.852, χ2/df = 2.017, RMSEA = 0.062, CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.964, and SRMR = 0.0255).

Conclusion
The findings suggested the Bangla version of the WHO-5 Well-being Index is a psychometrically valid and reliable tool for general adult population in Bangladeshi when it comes to measuring subjective well-being both in clinical practice and research studies.
Using depiction for efficient communication in LIS (Italian Sign Language)
Authors: SLONIMSKA ANITA , ÖZYÜREK ASLI , CAPIRCI OLGA 
Published: July 2021

abstractMeanings communicated with depictions constitute an integral part of how speakers and signers actually use language (Clark, 2016). Recent studies have argued that, in sign languages, depicting strategy like constructed action (CA), in which a signer enacts the referent, is used for referential purposes in narratives. Here, we tested the referential function of CA in a more controlled experimental setting and outside narrative context. Given the iconic properties of CA we hypothesized that this strategy could be used for efficient information transmission. Thus, we asked if use of CA increased with the increase in the information required to be communicated. Twenty-three deaf signers of LIS described unconnected images, which varied in the amount of information represented, to another player in a director–matcher game. Results revealed that participants used CA to communicate core information about the images and also increased the use of CA as images became informatively denser. The findings show that iconic features of CA can be used for referential function in addition to its depictive function outside narrative context and to achieve communicative efficiency.
Distribution of the cestodeUrocystis proliferVillot, 1880 (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) in the Palaearctic and new data on its postembryonic development
Authors: Kornienko S.A. , Ishigenova L.A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrocystis proliferVillot, 1880 is an intestinal parasite ofSorexspp. In the Palaearctic. There are significant differences in the descriptions of both adults and stages of ontogenesis ofU.proliferas described by various authors. The experimental infection of intermediate hosts with cestodes has been conducted. An overview of the geographical distribution, infestation of the definitive hosts and the development of the metacestode stages ofU.proliferare presented. The cestode is characterized by an extensive geographic area in the Palaearctic, wide host specificity and very high rates of infection of its definitive host.Urocystis proliferhas been recorded mostly in the taiga and forest zones of Palaearctic. Fourteen species ofSorexwere registered as the definitive host. Redescription ofU.proliferand an amended generic diagnosis are provided. A complete description of the ontogeny from oncosphere to fully developed metacestode is given. Features of development of the metacestode are an asexual larval reproduction, the absence of the anterior and posterior obturator valve in the cyst of the fully developed urocyst, as well as excretory bodies.
Compact groups with a set of positive Haar measure satisfying a nilpotent law
Authors: ABDOLLAHI ALIREZA , SOLEIMANI MALEKAN MEISAM 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe following question is proposed by Martino, Tointon, Valiunas and Ventura in [4, question 1·20]:Let G be a compact group, and suppose that
\[\mathcal{N}_k(G) = \{(x_1,\dots,x_{k+1}) \in G^{k+1} \;|\; [x_1,\dots, x_{k+1}] = 1\}\]
has positive Haar measure in
$G^{k+1}$
. Does G have an open k-step nilpotent subgroup?We give a positive answer for
$k = 2$
.
Estimating the case fatality ratio for COVID-19 using a time-shifted distribution analysis
Authors: Thomas B. S. , Marks N. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Estimating the case fatality ratio (CFR) for COVID-19 is an important aspect of public health. However, calculating CFR accurately is problematic early in a novel disease outbreak, due to uncertainties regarding the time course of disease and difficulties in diagnosis and reporting of cases. In this work, we present a simple method for calculating the CFR using only public case and death data over time by exploiting the correspondence between the time distributions of cases and deaths. The time-shifted distribution (TSD) analysis generates two parameters of interest: the delay time between reporting of cases and deaths and the CFR. These parameters converge reliably over time once the exponential growth phase has finished. Analysis is performed for early COVID-19 outbreaks in many countries, and we discuss corrections to CFR values using excess-death and seroprevalence data to estimate the infection fatality ratio (IFR). While CFR values range from 0.2% to 20% in different countries, estimates for IFR are mostly around 0.5–0.8% for countries that experienced moderate outbreaks and 1–3% for severe outbreaks. The simplicity and transparency of TSD analysis enhance its usefulness in characterizing a new disease as well as the state of the health and reporting systems.