bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid β production along the neuronal secretory pathway: Dangerous liaisons in the Golgi?
Authors: Fourriere Lou , Gleeson Paul A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstractβ‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) are generated in intracellular compartments of neurons and secreted to form cytotoxic fibrils and plaques. Dysfunctional membrane trafficking contributes to aberrant Aβ production and Alzheimer's disease. Endosomes represent one of the major sites for Aβ production and recently the Golgi has re‐emerged also as a major location for amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ production. Based on recent findings, here we propose that APP processing in the Golgi is finely tuned by segregating newly‐synthesised APP and the β‐secretase BACE1 within the Golgi and into distincttrans‐Golgi network transport pathways. We hypothesise that there are multiple mechanisms responsible for segregating APP and BACE1 during transit through the Golgi, and that perturbation in Golgi morphology associated with Alzheimer's disease, and or changes in cholesterol metabolism associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors, may lead to a loss of partitioning and enhanced Aβ production.
Resilience of neural networks for locomotion
Authors: Haspel Gal , Severi Kristen E. , Fauci Lisa J. , Cohen Netta , Tytell Eric D. , Morgan Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLocomotion is an essential behaviour for the survival of all animals. The neural circuitry underlying locomotion is therefore highly robust to a wide variety of perturbations, including injury and abrupt changes in the environment. In the short term, fault tolerance in neural networks allows locomotion to persist immediately after mild to moderate injury. In the longer term, in many invertebrates and vertebrates, neural reorganization including anatomical regeneration can restore locomotion after severe perturbations that initially caused paralysis. Despite decades of research, very little is known about the mechanisms underlying locomotor resilience at the level of the underlying neural circuits and coordination of central pattern generators (CPGs). Undulatory locomotion is an ideal behaviour for exploring principles of circuit organization, neural control and resilience of locomotion, offering a number of unique advantages including experimental accessibility and modelling tractability. In comparing three well‐characterized undulatory swimmers, lampreys, larval zebrafish and Caenorhabditis elegans, we find similarities in the manifestation of locomotor resilience. To advance our understanding, we propose a comparative approach, integrating experimental and modelling studies, that will allow the field to begin identifying shared and distinct solutions for overcoming perturbations to persist in orchestrating this essential behaviour.
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New Breather and Multiple-Wave Soliton Dynamics for Generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes Equation With Variable Coefficients
Authors: Li Bang-Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn investigation is the generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes equation with time-dependent coefficients, which is a new nonlinear model connecting to high-frequency wave propagation in relaxing media with variable perturbations. An extended Hirota bilinear method is proposed to construct soliton, breather, and multiple-wave soliton solutions for the equation. Our research shows that the soliton solutions can degenerate into existing single soliton solutions while the breather and multiple-wave soliton solutions are first obtained. By utilizing the two free functions involved in the solutions, the dynamics of some novel excited breathers and multiple-wave solitons are demonstrated. Our results confirm that the generalized Vakhnenko–Parkes equation possesses rich solution structures and interesting dynamical features, which may be depict various nonlinear wave behaviors of high-frequency waves.
A Deep-Sea Sediment Sampling System: Design, Analysis and Experimental Verification
Authors: Liu Guangping , Jin Yongping , Peng Youduo , Wan Buyan , Xie Kun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An airtight sampler with the function of holding pressure and coring was designed. First, using the sediment sampling test platform, taking high sampling rate as the goal and the motion speed of manipulator as the constraint condition, the sediment sampling rate (ratio of the sample retrieved by the sampling tube to the insertion depth of the sampling tube) test under different sampling tube inner diameters was carried out, respectively. Then, the pressure drop calculation and analysis of other components such as pressure retaining cylinder and sealing cylinder during the recovery of the airtight sampler to the deck are carried out, and the pressure drop compensation during the recovery of the airtight sampler is calculated and analyzed based on the pressure compensator. At last, the internal pressure test, high-pressure cabin test, and adaptability test between sampler and manipulator are carried out by using the developed prototype of an airtight sampler for sediments in the deep sea. The test results verify the feasibility of the design of an airtight sampler for sediments in the deep sea, which will provide strong support for the deep seabed sampling operation of the manned submersible in the deep sea.
Effect of Aquatic Exercise on Sleep Efficiency of Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: So Billy C.L. , Kwok Sze C. , Lee Paul H. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Aerobic exercise improves sleep for people who have difficulty in sleeping soundly, but most research to date has focused on land-based exercise. There has been only very limited research into the effect of aquatic exercise on people with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a 6-week aquatic exercise program on sleep efficiency among adults with chronic MSK pain. Methods: A total of 30 adults with chronic MSK pain were recruited by convenience sampling and assigned into intervention and control groups by a trained research assistant. Their sleep efficiency, sleep quality, activity level, stress level, and pain level were measured with ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer before and after the intervention group completed a 6-week, biweekly program of aquatic exercise. Results: Following intervention, the intervention group had significantly longer total true sleep time (by 27.6 min, P = .006); greater sleep efficiency (+3.01%, P = .005); and less pain (−1.33/10, P = .026). The control group had significantly shorter total true sleep time by 5.8 minutes (P = .036) while changes in the other outcomes were not significant. Conclusions: Six weeks of moderate-intensity aquatic exercise may improve sleep efficiency and reduce pain for persons suffering chronic MSK pain.
Modern Porous Polymer Implants: Synthesis, Properties, and Application
Authors: Kovylin R. S. , Aleynik D. Ya. , Fedushkin I. L. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The needs of modern surgery triggered the intensive development of transplantology, medical materials science, and tissue engineering. These directions require the use of innovative materials, among which porous polymers occupy one of the leading positions. The use of natural and synthetic polymers makes it possible to adjust the structure and combination of properties of a material to its particular application. This review generalizes and systematizes the results of recent studies describing requirements imposed on the structure and properties of synthetic (or artificial) porous polymer materials and implants on their basis and the advantages and limitations of synthesis methods. The most extensively employed, promising initial materials are considered, and the possible areas of application of polymer implants based on these materials are highlighted.
Mucositis reduction with probiotics in children with cancer: a randomised-controlled feasibility study
Authors: Hassan Hadeel , Kinsey Sally , Phillips Bob 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundA recent systematic review and meta-analysis identified a paucity of randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the use of probiotics to reduce or prevent mucositis and infection in children with cancer.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the feasibility of undertaking an RCT and investigated the efficacy of probiotics for reducing or preventing mucositis and infection in children with cancers.SettingThe Paediatric Oncology and Haematology department at Leeds Teaching Hospital, UK.PatientsChildren aged 1 year or older, receiving chemotherapies likely to cause mucositis.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to receive the probiotic or placebo on day 1–14 of a chemotherapy cycle. Participants were also required to complete a patient diary for 21 days.Main outcome measuresTo assess whether it is feasible to recruit children diagnosed with cancer who are at risk of developing mucositis to an adequately powered RCT.ResultsBetween May and November 2019, 34 out of 39 eligible participants were approached. Ten patients were recruited (4 probiotic and 6 placebo) of which 2 participants withdrew. Seven participants partially completed the diary but only two participants completed 80% or more. Eligible participants appeared to prefer giving informal verbal feedback when in direct contact with research and healthcare professionals.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that recruitment needs to be improved prior to undertaking an adequately powered RCT.Trial registration numberNCT03785938.
Wnt signalling inhibits adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Jung Sang Joon , Choi Yeon Jeong , Park Tae Kwann , Woo Sang Earn , Kim Bo-Yeon , Yoon Jin Sook , Jang Sun Young 
Published: June 2021

Background/AimsTo investigate the role of Wnt signalling in adipogenesis using an in vitro model of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO).MethodsOrbital fat was obtained from patients with GO and non-GO participants for primary orbital fibroblast (OF) culture. Expression levels of Wnt5a, Wnt10b, β-catenin, phospho-β-catenin and cyclin D1 were compared between GO and non-GO OFs. These expression levels were also determined during adipogenesis of GO and non-GO OFs. The effects of a stimulator and inhibitor of Wnt signalling on adipogenesis of GO and non-GO OFs were investigated.ResultsWestern blotting analysis showed significant reductions in β-catenin and cyclin D1 and significant enhancement of phospho-β-catenin in OFs from patients with GO, compared with OFs from non-GO participants (p<0.05). Expression of Wnt5a, Wnt10b, β-catenin and cyclin D1 in OFs was highest on day 0, and then gradually declined after induction of adipogenic differentiation. The expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ were reduced in Wnt stimulator-treated OFs in a dose-dependent manner. Oil red O staining confirmed that a stimulator of Wnt inhibited adipogenesis in GO OFs.ConclusionThese results indicate that Wnt signalling inhibits adipogenesis in OFs from patients with GO and non-GO participants. Further studies are required to examine the potential of Wnt signalling as a target for therapeutic strategies.
Determining the effect size of aerobic exercise training on the standard lipid profile in sedentary adults with three or more metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Wood Gina , Taylor Emily , Ng Vanessa , Murrell Anna , Patil Aditya , van der Touw Tom , Sigal Ronald , Wolden Mitch , Smart Neil 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo estimate the change in the standard lipid profile (SLP) of adults diagnosed with ≥3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors following aerobic exercise training (AET); and to investigate whether study/intervention covariates are associated with this change.DesignSystematic review with univariate meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesEnglish language searches of online databases from inception until July 2020.Eligibility criteria(1) Published randomised controlled human trials with study population ≥10 per group; (2) sedentary adults with ≥3 MetS factors but otherwise free of chronic disease, not pregnant/lactating; (3) AET-only intervention with duration ≥12 weeks; and (4) reporting pre–post intervention SLP outcomes.ResultsVarious univariate meta-analyses pooled 48 data sets of 2990 participants. Aerobic exercise training significantly (P<.001) improved all lipids (mmol/L mean difference ranges, 95% CIs): total cholesterol, –0.19 (–0.26 to –0.12) to –0.29 (−0.36 to –0.21); triglycerides, −0.17 (–0.19 to –0.14) to –0.18 (−0.24 to –0.13); high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) to 0.10 (0.05 to 0.15); and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), –0.12 (–0.16 to –0.9) to –0.20 (−0.25 to –0.14). Meta-regression showed that intensity may explain change in triglycerides and volume may explain change in HDL-C and LDL-C.ConclusionAerobic exercise training positively changes the SLP of sedentary and otherwise healthy adults with ≥3 MetS factors. Adjusting AET intervention training variables may increase the effects of AET on triglycerides and HDL-C.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020151925.
Effects of physical education interventions on cognition and academic performance outcomes in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: García-Hermoso Antonio , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Lubans David Revalds , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of interventions aimed at optimising the quantity and quality of physical education (PE) on cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesStudies from electronic databases from inception to 3 January 2021 were identified.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesExperimental studies that assessed the effect of quantity-based (ie, increasing the amount of curriculum time allocated to PE) or quality-based (ie, increasing students’ participation in physical activity during PE) PE interventions, or both, on changes in cognition and/or academic performance in youth (aged 5–18 years) were included.Results19 trials comprising 8676 youth (46.5% girls) were included. Individual quality-based PE interventions increased cognition performance (Hedges’ g=0.38, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.60;I2=83.70%), mainly in primary education settings (g=0.48, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.89;I2=90.43%). Academic performance, principally mathematics-related skills, was also increased by quality-based PE interventions (g=0.15, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.24;I2=41.75%). Among these interventions, teaching strategies favoured similar results, but without heterogeneity in the results (g=0.12, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.18;I2=0%). In contrast, quantity-based PE interventions had a very small and non-significant effect on academic performance (g=0.09, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.24; Q=11.65;I2=48.48%). Finally, there were no differences between the three PE interventions (ie, quantity, quality, and combined PE interventions) in regard to academic performance.ConclusionImproving the quality of PE classes may improve students’ cognition and academic performance in children and adolescents. Importantly, allocating more time for PE does not seem to compromise this performance.
Low-income neighbourhood was a key determinant of severe COVID-19 incidence during the first wave of the epidemic in Paris
Authors: Jannot Anne-Sophie , Countouris Hector , Van Straaten Alexis , Burgun Anita , Katsahian Sandrine , Rance Bastien 
Published: June 2021

Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic factors are associated with COVID-19 incidence. In this study, we analysed a broad range of socioeconomic indicators in relation to hospitalised cases in the Paris area.

Methods
We extracted 303 socioeconomic indicators from French census data for 855 residential units in Paris and assessed their association with COVID-19 hospitalisation risk.

Findings
The indicators most associated with hospitalisation risk were the third decile of population income (OR=9.10, 95% CI 4.98 to 18.39), followed by the primary residence rate (OR=5.87, 95% CI 3.46 to 10.61), rate of active workers in unskilled occupations (OR=5.04, 95% CI 3.03 to 8.85) and rate of women over 15 years old with no diploma (OR=5.04, 95% CI 3.03 to 8.85). Of note, population demographics were considerably less associated with hospitalisation risk. Among these indicators, the rate of women aged between 45 and 59 years (OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.44) exhibited the greatest level of association, whereas population density was not associated. Overall, 86% of COVID-19 hospitalised cases occurred within the 45% most deprived areas.

Interpretation
Studying a broad range of socioeconomic indicators using census data and hospitalisation data as a readily available and large resource can provide real-time indirect information on populations with a high incidence of COVID-19.
Healthcare workers’ (HCWs) attitudes and related factors towards COVID-19 vaccination: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Li Mei , Luo Yue , Watson Roger , Zheng Yu , Ren Jianlan , Tang Jian , Chen Yanhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerd immunity through vaccination is a key measure to control COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a public health threat, which is still common among healthcare workers (HCWs). This systematic review aimed to synthesise evidence on HCWs’ attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and analyse associated factors to provide information for vaccine policy development and practice. We searched PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and three Chinese databases for literature published on 12 February 2021. Two researchers screened the literature independently, and 13 studies were included in the systematic review. Vaccine acceptance varied widely and ranged from 27.7% to 77.3%. HCWs had positive attitudes towards future COVID-19 vaccines, while vaccine hesitancy was still common. Demographic variables such as men, older age and physicians were positive predictive factors. Women and nurses had more vaccine hesitancy. Previous influenza vaccination and self-perceived risk were facilitators. Concerns for safety, efficacy and effectiveness and distrust of the government were barriers. Influences of direct (COVID-19) patient care towards vaccination intention were less conclusive. Tailored communication strategies were needed to increase the uptake rate of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs. More importantly, more data and information on the safety and efficacy of vaccines should be provided with transparency.
Patient delivered partner therapy for chlamydia infection is used by some general practitioners, but more support is needed to increase uptake: findings from a mixed-methods study
Authors: Goller Jane L , Coombe Jacqueline , Bittleston Helen , Bourne Christopher , Bateson Deborah , Vaisey Alaina , Tomnay Jane , O'Donnell Heather , Garret Cameryn , Estcourt Claudia S , Temple-Smith Meredith , Hocking Jane S 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesPatient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) describes the giving of a prescription or antibiotics by an index case with chlamydia to their sexual partners. PDPT has been associated with higher numbers of partners receiving treatment. In Australia, general practitioners (GPs) previously expressed negative views about PDPT. Health authority guidance for PDPT has since been provided in some areas. We investigated recent use and perceptions of PDPT for chlamydia among GPs in Australia.MethodsIn 2019, we conducted an online survey comprising multiple-choice and open-ended questions to investigate GPs’ chlamydia management practices, including PDPT. Logistic regression identified factors associated with ever offering PDPT. A directed content analysis of free-text data explored GPs’ perceptions towards PDPT.ResultsThe survey received responses from 323 GPs; 85.8% (n=277) answered PDPT-focused questions, providing 628 free-text comments. Over half (53.4%) reported never offering PDPT, while 36.5% sometimes and 10.1% often offered PDPT. GPs more likely to offer PDPT were aged ≥55 years (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.8), worked in non-metropolitan areas (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.4) and jurisdictions with health authority PDPT guidance (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.9). Qualitative data demonstrated that many GPs recognised PDPT’s potential to treat harder to engage partners but expressed hesitancy to offer PDPT because they considered partners attending for care as best practice. GPs emphasised a case-by-case approach that considered patient and partner circumstances to determine PDPT suitability. To alleviate medicolegal concerns, many GPs indicated a need for professional and health authority guidance that PDPT is permissible. They also desired practical resources to support its use.ConclusionGPs appear to accept the place of PDPT as targeted to those who may otherwise not access testing or treatment. Availability of health authority guidance appears to have supported some GPs to incorporate PDPT into their practice.
What do young people in high-income countries want from STI testing services? A systematic review
Authors: Gan Joscelyn , Kularadhan Varsicka , Chow Eric P F , Fairley Christopher K , Hocking Jane S , Kong Fabian Y S , Ong Jason J 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThere are upward trends of STI rates among young people in most high-income countries. We reviewed the literature to provide a summary of information to support health services with the aim of increasing testing of STIs among young people living in high-income countries.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review (Prospero: CRD42020179720) using PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO and CINAHL. The search was performed on 10 January 2020 for studies between January 2000 and 10 January 2020. Two reviewers independently screened articles, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Studies were included if they were performed in high-income countries and contained data on both young people (<26 years) and STI testing preferences. Data regarding the characteristics of STI testing services that young people preferred was extracted. We categorised these characteristics using the framework of a social-ecological model.ResultsWe identified 1440 studies, and 63 studies were included in the final review. We found 32 studies that addressed individual factors, 62 studies that addressed service factors and 17 studies that addressed societal factors. At an individual level, we identified eight attributes including the need for improved sexual health education. At a service level, 14 attributes were identified including preferences from different subgroups of young people (such as sexual and ethnic minorities) for the types of services. At a societal level, we identified two attributes including the need to address stigma associated with STIs.ConclusionWe provide an overview of the growing body of literature capturing the preferences of young people for STI testing services. To optimise the uptake of STI testing among young people, factors from all socioecological levels should be considered. In addition, understanding and accounting for distinct preferences from subgroups of young people could increase demand for STI testing services for those at greatest need.