bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human TRPV1 and TRPA1 are receptors for bacterial quorum sensing molecules
Authors: Tobita Naoya , Tsuneto Kana , Ito Shigeaki , Yamamoto Takeshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by N-acyl homoserine lactones, quorum sensing molecules produced by Gram-negative bacteria, and the inhibitory effect of TRPV1 and TRPA1 by autoinducing peptides (AIPs), quorum sensing molecules produced by Gram-positive bacteria, using human embryonic kidney 293T cell lines stably expressing human TRPV1 and TRPA1, respectively. As a result, we found that some N-acyl homoserine lactones, such as N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-nonanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C9-HSL) and N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL), activated both TRPV1 and TRPA1. In addition, we clarified that some N-acyl homoserine lactones, such as N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), only activated TRPV1 and N-acyl homoserine lactones having saturated short acyl chain, such as N-acetyl-L-homoserine lactone (C2-HSL) and N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), only activated TRPA1. Furthermore, we found that an AIP, simple linear peptide CHWPR, inhibited both TRPV1 and TRPA1 and peptide having thiolactone ring DICNAYF, the thiolactone ring were formed between C3 to F7, strongly inhibited only the TRPV1. Although the specificity of TRPV1 and TRPA1 for quorum sensing molecules was different, these data suggest that both TRPV1 and TRPA1 would function as receptors for quorum sensing molecule produced by bacteria.
Multiple Sclerosis: Microglia, Monocytes, and Macrophage-Mediated Demyelination
Authors: Prineas John W , Parratt John D E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study examined the roles of microglia and monocytes in myelin destruction in patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-two cases were studied; the clinical duration was &lt;9 weeks in 10 cases. Twenty myeloid cell subtypes or categories were identified including 2 cell types not known previously to occur in demyelinating diseases. Commencing myelin breakdown in plaques and in perivascular and subpial tissues occurred in the immediate presence of infiltrating monocytes and was effected by a homogeneous population of IgG-positive Fc receptor-bearing early phagocytes interacting with abnormal myelin. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis was observed in intact myelinated tissue bordering areas of active demyelination. Capillaries in the cerebral cortex plugged by large numbers of monocytes were common in acute cases of MS and in a patient with a neuromyelitis optica variant and extreme systemic recruitment of monocytes. In an MS patient with progressive disease, microglial nodules centered on MHC-II-positive capillaries plugged by monocytes were present in the cerebral cortex. This constitutes a new gray matter lesion in MS.
Warpage modeling and characterization of intelligent power modules (IPMs)
Authors: Shih Meng-Kai , Lee Tai-Kuang , Chang Jin-Gyao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Intelligent power modules (IPMs) are widely used in the electric vehicle (and hybrid electric vehicle industry nowadays due to their high power density and ability to integrate multiple components within a single package. However, the reliability of IPMs is severely degraded by the substrate warpage effect produced during the packaging process. This study therefore develops a computational model to analyze the warpage of the IPM assembly at various stages of the packaging process. The validity of the simulation model is confirmed by comparing the numerical results for the warpage of the direct plated copper substrate with the experimental observations. Taguchi experiments are then performed to examine the effects of eight control factors on the IPM package warpage following the post-mold cure (PMC) process, namely (1) the dam bar layout, (2) the epoxy molding compound (EMC) thickness, (3) the lead frame thickness, (4) the ceramic thickness, (5) the bottom layer Cu foil thickness, (6) the top layer Cu foil thickness, (7) the ceramic material type and (8) the EMC material type. Finally, the Taguchi analysis results are used to determine the optimal packaging design that minimizes the warpage of the post-PMC package.
Giant sacral schwannoma excised under intraoperative neuromonitoring in an elderly patient: case report
Authors: Colonna Michele R , Costa Alfio L , Mastrojeni Claudio , Rizzo Vincenzo , Nirta Giuseppe , Angileri Filippo F , Ieni Antonio , Milone Erica , Macrì Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Schwannomas are mainly benign tumors arising from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. These tumors can often be associated with non-specific symptoms, such as abdominal heaviness. In this article, we present a detailed description of the surgical management of a giant sacral schwannoma in an elderly patient, for which intraoperative neuromonitoring made it possible to distinguish easily the nerves of the sacral plexus from which the tumor originated and to remove it without complications. Treatment of these rare and symptomatic giant tumors is still a challenge for surgeons; to treat adequately these tumors; a multidisciplinary approach is required to ensure an optimal therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of recurrence and, on the other hand, is not associated with unnecessary iatrogenic neurological damage.
Did Marcion Call the Creator ‘God’?
Authors: Litwa M David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Scholars often assert that Marcion believed in two Gods or supported a ditheistic theology. This essay argues that Marcion and his followers avoided calling the creator ‘God’ in an absolute sense. Instead, they preferred terms like ‘creator’ and ‘cosmocrator’. It is unlikely that Marcion would have described himself as a believer in two Gods (a type of polytheist). He maintained that there was one true God superior to the creator, without independently affirming the creator’s deity in an absolute sense. For Marcion(ites), the creator was not truly God, because the creator was not entirely good.
An automated classification system for urban areas matching the ‘city country fingers’ pattern: the cases of Kamakura (Japan) and Acireale (Italy) cities
Authors: Spina Roberto , Tramontana Emiliano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe uncontrolled expansion of urban areas is one of the main factors that reduce the liveability of cities. In recent years, to contrast urban sprawl, several nations have promoted policies aimed at developing urban green spaces. The importance of green oases within cities had already been highlighted, in 1977, by the architect Christopher Alexander who had developed a series of patterns including ‘City Country Fingers’ claiming that city development should consider the prolongation of country land in to the urban area.In several cities, especially in Japan, it is possible to recognize the imprint of urban development based on country fingers. This term refers to extensive urban intersections of agricultural land or wooded hills which, from the peripheral areas, penetrate the city. Inside them, there are urban windows, called city fingers, whose development direction is opposite to those of the country fingers. To recognize and analyze, in an automated way, these particular structures, a Python-based application was created. Starting from the original high-resolution image of Google Earth, a complete analysis was performed, labeling and delimiting urban and vegetational areas and extrapolating the main geometric parameters of the country and city fingers. The finalization of the results obtained was carried out through a classification model whose criteria were based on Alexander’s pattern.Thanks to this classification scheme, the distinction between Active Green Areas (country fingers) and Passive Green Areas (gardens and public parks) have been revealed for the analyzed cities. The tests performed showed almost ideal conditions for the city of Kamakura and a limited match for the urban area of Acireale. The proposed method is suitable for fields of application that require a qualitative and quantitative determination of the vegetation cover present within the city, an essential condition for correct territorial planning.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with a BCR-ABL1 Rearrangement in a Minor Clone
Authors: Cho Yonggeun , Hyun Jungwon , Kim Miyoung , Han Boram , Lee Young Kyung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by predominating abnormal promyelocytes with a PML-RARA rearrangement or a variant thereof. BCR-ABL1 rearrangement is an oncogenic event that is usually associated with chronic myeloid leukemia but also occurs in both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemias and in healthy individuals. However, APL with concurrent PML-RARA and BCR-ABL1 rearrangements has rarely been reported. Herein, we describe a patient with APL exhibiting a BCR-ABL1 rearrangement in a minor clone and discuss the importance of evaluating this genetic alteration in terms of pathogenesis and treatment.
An Interview with Mayra Rivera: Postcolonial Women’s Writing and Material Religion
Authors: Rivera Mayra , Jasper Alison , Darroch Fiona 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this interview, Mayra Rivera talks about her own journey with literature and theology and what this relationship means to her. She talks about the distinct role that literature plays in a postcolonial context, and its ability to articulate painful losses, histories, as well as economic and environmental realities, with a particular focus on the Caribbean and South America, and the work of Sylvia Wynter, Edwidge Danticat, Mayra Santos Febres, Édouard Glissant, amongst others. This storytelling is often deeply theological and material. The nature of this entanglement, between storytelling, theology, materiality, and post/neo/de-colonialism, is explored in heartfelt detail.
postcolonial Racialisation of Gender and Religious Experience within the Settler Colonial Context: Ahed Tamimi’s Experience of a Racialised Practice
Authors: Pycińska Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Processes of racialisation and gendering take place within social relations and hierarchies that have an impact on bodies and inform people’s actions. ‘Material religion’ describes the exploration of how religion happens in material culture, that is, in different practices that draw on the category of religion or put it to work. In this article, I explore how the meaning of acting as a Muslim differs depending on interrelations with social categories such as race and gender within the Israeli settler colonial project in Palestine. I focus my case study on a young activist, Ahed Tamimi, whose everyday resistance to the Israeli occupation, both in terms of categories of religion and gender, has been racialised as Palestinian. Her experiences add to the discussion of how postcolonial women challenge various forms of hegemony in their everyday lives and how others interpret their actions. I also challenge the limitations of the category ‘postcolonial’, especially in this context.
The phage defence island of a multidrug resistant plasmid uses both BREX and type IV restriction for complementary protection from viruses
Authors: Picton David M , Luyten Yvette A , Morgan Richard D , Nelson Andrew , Smith Darren L , Dryden David T F , Hinton Jay C D , Blower Tim R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bacteria have evolved a multitude of systems to prevent invasion by bacteriophages and other mobile genetic elements. Comparative genomics suggests that genes encoding bacterial defence mechanisms are often clustered in ‘defence islands’, providing a concerted level of protection against a wider range of attackers. However, there is a comparative paucity of information on functional interplay between multiple defence systems. Here, we have functionally characterised a defence island from a multidrug resistant plasmid of the emerging pathogen Escherichia fergusonii. Using a suite of thirty environmentally-isolated coliphages, we demonstrate multi-layered and robust phage protection provided by a plasmid-encoded defence island that expresses both a type I BREX system and the novel GmrSD-family type IV DNA modification-dependent restriction enzyme, BrxU. We present the structure of BrxU to 2.12 Å, the first structure of the GmrSD family of enzymes, and show that BrxU can utilise all common nucleotides and a wide selection of metals to cleave a range of modified DNAs. Additionally, BrxU undergoes a multi-step reaction cycle instigated by an unexpected ATP-dependent shift from an intertwined dimer to monomers. This direct evidence that bacterial defence islands can mediate complementary layers of phage protection enhances our understanding of the ever-expanding nature of phage-bacterial interactions.
Poison by Advertisement: Cosmetics and the Art of Selling Whiteness c.1880–1920
Authors: Hammerschlag Keren Rosa 
Published: September 2021

Summary
The late Victorian and Edwardian beauty industry produced a wealth of visual material that promoted lily-white complexions as a privileged indicator of beauty, youth, health and hygiene. This was especially the case in advertisements for British and American skin lightening, skin whitening and skin bleaching products. These advertisements used visual and linguistic devices to convince white women that the application of often-toxic products would restore blemished, tanned and freckled complexions to ‘natural’ whiteness. Moving from sun-starved Britain to sun-drenched Australia, skin lightening products were actively marketed to white women living in Federation Australia, revealing particular fears associated with the darkening and reddening effects of the southern sun.
Twenty-four-hour blood pressure profile in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Terzaghi Michele , Pilati Laura , Ghiotto Natascia , Arnaldi Dario , Versino Maurizio , Rustioni Valter , Rustioni Gianluca , Sartori Ivana , Manni Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesTo determine whether autonomic dysfunction in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) affects circadian blood pressure (BP) profile.MethodsTwenty-one iRBD (mean age 68.8 ± 6.4, mean age at onset 62.2 ± 9.3), 21 drug-free de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 21 control participants (HCs), comparable for age and sex, underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. A prospective follow-up study was performed to evaluate the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders in the iRBD cohort.ResultsIn the iRBD group, nighttime systolic BP (SBP) was higher (124.0 ± 20.0, p = .026), nocturnal BP decrease lower (4.0 ± 8.7% for SBP and 8.7 ± 8.0% for diastolic BP [DBP], p = .001), and nondipping status more frequent (71.4% for SBP and 52.4% for DBP; p = .001 and p = .01, respectively) than in the HCs. Reverse dipping of SBP was found in 23.8% (p = .048) of the iRBD participants. Nondipping status was not associated with differences in gender, age, disease duration, age at disease onset, UPDRS score, presence of antihypertensive therapy, or polysomnographic measures. Patients with PD showed daytime and nighttime BP profiles comparable to those observed in iRBD. A subgroup analysis considering only the participants without antihypertensive therapy (12 iRBD, 12 PD) showed results superimposable on those of the whole iRBD and PD groups. Longitudinal follow-up (mean 5.1 ± 1.9 years) showed no differences in BP profile at baseline between converters (n = 6) and nonconverters.ConclusionsTwenty-four-hour BP control was impaired in iRBD. This impairment, similar to patterns observed in de novo PD, consisted of reduced amplitude of nocturnal dipping and increased frequency of nondipping status. These findings could have implications for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in iRBD.
Increasing human papillomavirus immunization in the primary care setting
Authors: Taylor Andrea C. , Hopkins Leslie W. , Moore Ginny 
Published: September 2021

Abstract:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cancer. Increasing HPV vaccination recommendations by primary care providers to patients decreases the burden of this viral infection. Providers need to be educated about this condition and the available options for immunization to feel confident in making strong recommendations and thereby increase HPV immunization rates.
Clinical decision support for severe trauma patients: Machine learning based definition of a bundle of care for hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lang Elodie , Neuschwander Arthur , Favé Gersende , Abback Paer-Selim , Esnault Pierre , Geeraerts Thomas , Harrois Anatole , Hanouz Jean-Luc , Kipnis Eric , Leone Marc , Legros Vincent , Mellati Nouchan , Pottecher Julien , Hamada Sophie , Pirracchio Romain ,   for Traumabase Group
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
Deviation from guidelines is frequent in emergency situations, and this may lead to increased mortality. Probably because of time constraints, 55% is the greatest reported guidelines compliance rate in severe trauma patients. This study aimed to identify among all available recommendations a reasonable bundle of items that should be followed to optimize the outcome of hemorrhagic shocks (HSs) and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

METHODS
We first estimated the compliance with French and European guidelines using the data from the French TraumaBase registry. Then, we used a machine learning procedure to reduce the number of recommendations into a minimal set of items to be followed to minimize 7-day mortality. We evaluated the bundles using an external validation cohort.

RESULTS
This study included 5,924 trauma patients (1,414 HS and 4,955 TBI) between 2011 and August 2019 and studied compliance to 36 recommendation items. Overall compliance rate to recommendation items was 71.6% and 66.9% for HS and TBI, respectively. In HS, compliance was significantly associated with 7-day decreased mortality in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis (risk ratio [RR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–1.17; p = 0.06). In TBI, compliance was significantly associated with decreased mortality in univariate and multivariate analysis (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75–0.92; p = 0.01). For HS, the bundle included 13 recommendation items. In the validation cohort, when this bundle was applied, patients were found to have a lower 7-day mortality rate (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27–0.63; p = 0.01). In TBI, the bundle included seven items. In the validation cohort, when this bundle was applied, patients had a lower 7-day mortality rate (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.34–0.71; p = 0.02).

DISCUSSION
Using a machine-learning procedure, we were able to identify a subset of recommendations that minimizes 7-day mortality following traumatic HS and TBI. These two bundles remain to be evaluated in a prospective manner.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Care Management, level II.
A core outcome set for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: A consensus based approach using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Nahmias Jeffry , Byerly Saskya , Stein Deborah , Haut Elliott R. , Smith Jason W. , Gelbard Rondi , Ziesmann Markus , Boltz Melissa , Zarzaur Ben , Biffl Walter L. , Brenner Megan , DuBose Joseph , Fox Charles , Galante Joseph , Martin Matthew , Moore Ernest E. , Moore Laura , Morrison Jonathan , Norii Tatsuya , Scalea Thomas , Yeh D. Dante 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND
The utilization of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in trauma has grown exponentially in recent years. However, inconsistency in reporting of outcome metrics related to this intervention has inhibited the development of evidence-based guidelines for REBOA application. This study sought to attain consensus on a core outcome set (COS) for REBOA.

METHODS
A review of “landmark” REBOA articles was performed, and panelists (first and senior authors) were contacted for participation in a modified Delphi study. In round 1, panelists provided a list of potential core outcomes. In round 2, using a Likert scale (1 [not important] to 9 [very important]), panelists scored the importance of each potential outcome. Consensus for core outcomes was defined a priori as greater than 70% of scores receiving 7 to 9 and less than 15% of scores receiving 1 to 3. Feedback was provided after round 2, and a third round was performed to reevaluate variables not achieving consensus and allow a final “write-in” round by the experts.

RESULTS
From 17 identified panelists, 12 participated. All panelists (12 of 12, 100%) participated in each subsequent round. Panelists initially identified 34 unique outcomes, with two outcomes later added upon write-in request after round 2. From 36 total potential outcomes, 20 achieved consensus as core outcomes, and this was endorsed by 100% of the participants.

CONCLUSION
Panelists successfully achieved consensus on a COS for REBOA-related research. This REBOA-COS is recommended for all clinical trials related to REBOA and should help enable higher-quality study designs, valid aggregation of published data, and development of evidence-based practice management guidelines.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic test or criteria, level V.

Trial Registration
Core Outcomes in Trauma Surgery: Development of a Core Outcome Set for Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) http://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/1709.
Mice heterozygous for the Serpinb6a null mutation show deficits in central auditory function after acoustic trauma
Authors: Tan Justin , Kaiserman Dion , O’Leary Stephen J , Bird Phillip I. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives
Complete deficiency of the serine protease inhibitor gene, SERPINB6, is responsible for autosomal-recessive, nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss in humans. A mouse model of this deafness gene identifies Serpinb6a expression in the neurosensory epithelium and fibrocytes of the cochlea. Homozygous Serpinb6a mutant mice display an exaggerated hearing loss after exposure to moderate acoustic trauma. It is unknown if and how heterozygous Serpinb6a mice show increased vulnerability to acoustic trauma.

Methods
We exposed Serpinb6a
+/− and Serpinb6a
+/+ mice to acoustic trauma and measured their hearing function prior to, 3 and 14 days postexposure, analysing shifts in hearing threshold and amplitudes of Wave I and II of the auditory brainstem-evoked response (ABR) to 4, 8, 16 and 32 kHz tones.

Results
Shifts in hearing threshold and Wave I amplitude of Serpinb6a
+/− mice were not significantly different from Serpinb6a
+/+ mice at both time points and all frequencies tested (P > 0.05, Mann–Whitney test). However, Wave II amplitudes at 16 and 32 kHz tones, were more severely diminished in Serpinb6a
+/− mice (P < 0.05). To exclude any effects of ageing on auditory function in Serpinb6a
+/− mice, hearing function of unexposed Serpinb6a
+/− mice was measured at start and end of the experimental period. The shift in Wave II amplitude of exposed Serpinb6a
+/− mice was significantly lower than unexposed Serpinb6a
+/− mice only at 16 and 32 kHz (P < 0.01), confirming acoustic trauma as the main cause of hearing deficits in Serpinb6a
+/− mice.

Conclusion
These results suggest that heterozygous Serpinb6a humans may be vulnerable to noise.