bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water deficit modifies C:N:P stoichiometry affecting sugarcane and energy cane yield and its relationships with silicon supply
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Antonio Santana Batista , de Mello Prado Renato , Teixeira Gelza Carliane Marques , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa , Rocha Antonio Márcio Souza 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change has increased the occurrence of water deficit in regions where sugarcane and energy cane are cultivated, jeopardizing dry matter production of stems. It was hypothesized that the reasons behind this fact relate to C:N:P stoichiometric modifications in these species that impair the conversion rates of accumulated nutrients in the stems, which could be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si) to the crops. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane ratoons in the presence and absence of Si, in the C:N:P stoichiometry of stems, in the use efficiency of these nutrients and in the accumulation of dry matter in stems. Two experiments were carried out, using sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and energy cane (S. spontaneum), cultivated in pots filled with a Typic Quartzipisamment. The treatments for both experiments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2 × 2, without (70% of the soil’s water retention capacity) and with (30% of the capacity) water deficit, without and with the application of Si via fertirrigation, associated with foliar pulverization, both at a concentration of 2.5 mmol L−1, arranged in randomized blocks. The reduction in dry matter production of stems in both species caused by water deficit was due to modifications of the C, N and P stoichiometric homeostasis, but the benefit of Si in these plants when increasing dry matter production was not a reflection of the change in homeostasis, thus it may be involved in other mechanisms that remain unknown and should be further studied.
TBC1D10C is a cytoskeletal functional linker that modulates cell spreading and phagocytosis in macrophages
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Diaz-Valencia Juan D. , Ovalle-García Erasmo , Antillón Armando , Ortega-Blake Iván , Romero-Ramírez Héctor , Cerna-Cortes Jorge F. , Rosales-Reyes Roberto , Santos-Argumedo Leopoldo , Patiño-López Genaro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCell spreading and phagocytosis are notably regulated by small GTPases and GAP proteins. TBC1D10C is a dual inhibitory protein with GAP activity. In immune cells, TBC1D10C is one of the elements regulating lymphocyte activation. However, its specific role in macrophages remains unknown. Here, we show that TBC1D10C engages in functions dependent on the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane reorganization. Using ex vivo and in vitro assays, we found that elimination and overexpression of TBC1D10C modified the cytoskeletal architecture of macrophages by decreasing and increasing the spreading ability of these cells, respectively. In addition, TBC1D10C overexpression contributed to higher phagocytic activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia and to increased cell membrane tension. Furthermore, by performing in vitro and in silico analyses, we identified 27 TBC1D10C-interacting proteins, some of which were functionally classified as protein complexes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. Interestingly, we identified one unreported TBC1D10C-intrinsically disordered region (IDR) with biological potential at the cytoskeleton level. Our results demonstrate that TBC1D10C shapes macrophage activity by inducing reorganization of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane in cell spreading and phagocytosis. We anticipate our results will be the basis for further studies focused on TBC1D10C. For example, the specific molecular mechanism in Burkholderia cenocepacia phagocytosis and functional analysis of TBC1D10C-IDR are needed to further understand its role in health and disease.
Altered gene expression in slc4a11−/− mouse cornea highlights SLC4A11 roles
Authors: Alvarez Bernardo V. , Piché Marilyse , Aizouki Carolin , Rahman Fariha , Derry Jonathan M. J. , Brunette Isabelle , Casey Joseph R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSLC4A11 is a H+/NH3/water transport protein, of corneal endothelial cells. SLC4A11 mutations cause congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy and some cases of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. To probe SLC4A11’s roles, we compared gene expression in RNA from corneas of 17-week-old slc4a11−/− (n = 3) and slc4a11+/+ mice (n = 3) and subjected to RNA sequencing. mRNA levels for a subset of genes were also assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT RT-PCR). Cornea expressed 13,173 genes, which were rank-ordered for their abundance. In slc4a11−/− corneas, 100 genes had significantly altered expression. Abundant slc14a1 expression, encoding the urea transporter UT-A, suggests a significant role in the cornea. The set of genes with altered expression was subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, revealing that alterations clustered into extracellular region, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and plasma membrane functions. Gene expression changes further clustered into classes (with decreasing numbers of genes): cell fate and development, extracellular matrix and cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. Together these gene changes confirm earlier suggestions of a role of SLC4A11 in ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell adhesion, and reveal an unrecognized SLC4A11 role in cytoskeletal organization.
Microstructure and properties evolution of Mg–2Y–0.6Nd–0.6Zr alloy rolled at room and liquid nitrogen temperature
Authors: Tan Yun , Li Wei , Li Aiwen , Shi Xiaofang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe microstructure evolution, texture, mechanical behavior and twin deformation of the ECAPed Mg–2Y–0.6Nd–0.6Zr alloy at room and liquid nitrogen temperature were investigated by rolling samples. The ECAP processed material appeared the texture of 45° to the extrusion direction and its yield strength reached 93.6 MPa. The results showed that cryorolling encourages twinning in Mg–2Y–0.6Nd–0.6Zr alloy, enhancing the tensile strength and texture. Activation of {10–12} twinning during rolling was found to be more pronounced in the cryorolled samples than in the cold rolled samples owing to a lower temperature. As a result, the cryorolled samples had more twins than and cold rolled ones, the proportion of twin areas of room temperature rolling and ultra-low temperature rolling were: 2.45% and 4.23%.
Quantitative analysis of size and regional distribution of corpora amylacea in the hippocampal formation of obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Xu Cuicui , Owen Jessica E. , Gislason Thorarinn , Benediktsdottir Bryndis , Robinson Stephen R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCorpora amylacea (CoA) are spherical aggregates of glucose polymers and proteins within the periventricular, perivascular and subpial regions of the cerebral cortex and the hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) subfields. The present study quantified the distribution of CoA in autopsied hippocampi of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using ethanolamine-induced fluorescence. CoA were observed in 29 of 30 patients (96.7%). They were most abundant in periventricular regions (wall of lateral ventricle, alveus, fimbria and CA4), rarely found in the CA3 and CA1, and undetectable in the CA2 or subiculum. A spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition was postulated, beginning in the fimbria and progressively spreading around the subpial layer until they extended medially to the wall of the lateral ventricle and laterally to the collateral sulcus. This ranked CoA sequence was positively correlated with CoA packing density (count and area fraction) and negatively correlated with CoA minimum diameters (p < 0.05). Although this sequence was not correlated with age or body mass index (BMI), age was positively correlated with the mean and maximum diameters of CoA. These findings support the view that the spatiotemporal sequence of CoA deposition is independent of age, and that CoA become larger due to the accretion of new material over time.
Binocular vision and the control of foot placement during walking in natural terrain
Authors: Bonnen Kathryn , Matthis Jonathan S. , Gibaldi Agostino , Banks Martin S. , Levi Dennis M. , Hayhoe Mary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoordination between visual and motor processes is critical for the selection of stable footholds when walking in uneven terrains. While recent work (Matthis et al. in Curr Biol 8(28):1224–1233, 2018) demonstrates a tight link between gaze (visual) and gait (motor), it remains unclear which aspects of visual information play a role in this visuomotor control loop, and how the loss of this information affects that relationship. Here we examine the role of binocular information in the visuomotor control of walking over complex terrain. We recorded eye and body movements while normally-sighted participants walked over terrains of varying difficulty, with intact vision or with vision in one eye blurred to disrupt binocular vision. Gaze strategy was highly sensitive to the complexity of the terrain, with more fixations dedicated to foothold selection as the terrain became more difficult. The primary effect of increased sensory uncertainty due to disrupted binocular vision was a small bias in gaze towards closer footholds, indicating greater pressure on the visuomotor control process. Participants with binocular vision losses due to developmental disorders (i.e., amblyopia, strabismus), who have had the opportunity to develop alternative strategies, also biased their gaze towards closer footholds. Across all participants, we observed a relationship between an individual’s typical level of binocular visual function and the degree to which gaze is shifted toward the body. Thus the gaze–gait relationship is sensitive to the level of sensory uncertainty, and deficits in binocular visual function (whether transient or long-standing) have systematic effects on gaze strategy in complex terrains. We conclude that binocular vision provides useful information for locating footholds during locomotion. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that combined eye/body tracking in natural environments can be used to provide a more detailed understanding of the impact of a type of vision loss on the visuomotor control process of walking, a vital everyday task.
Aeciospore ejection in the rust pathogen Puccinia graminis is driven by moisture ingress
Authors: Bueno-Sancho Vanessa , Orton Elizabeth S. , Gerrity Morgan , Lewis Clare M. , Davey Phoebe , Findlay Kim C. , Barclay Elaine , Robinson Phil , Morris Richard J. , Blyth Mark , Saunders Diane G. O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFungi have evolved an array of spore discharge and dispersal processes. Here, we developed a theoretical model that explains the ejection mechanics of aeciospore liberation in the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis. Aeciospores are released from cluster cups formed on its Berberis host, spreading early-season inoculum into neighboring small-grain crops. Our model illustrates that during dew or rainfall, changes in aeciospore turgidity exerts substantial force on neighboring aeciospores in cluster cups whilst gaps between spores become perfused with water. This perfusion coats aeciospores with a lubrication film that facilitates expulsion, with single aeciospores reaching speeds of 0.053 to 0.754 m·s−1. We also used aeciospore source strength estimates to simulate the aeciospore dispersal gradient and incorporated this into a publicly available web interface. This aids farmers and legislators to assess current local risk of dispersal and facilitates development of sophisticated epidemiological models to potentially curtail stem rust epidemics originating on Berberis.
The underexposed effect of elastic electron collisions in dusty plasmas
Authors: Staps Tim Jacobus Adrianus , van de Ketterij Marvin Igor , Platier Bart , Beckers Job 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDusty plasmas comprise a complex mixture of neutrals, electrons, ions and dust grains, which are found throughout the universe and in many technologies. The complexity resides in the chemical and charging processes involving dust grains and plasma species, both of which impact the collective plasma behavior. For decades, the orbital-motion-limited theory is used to describe the plasma charging of dust grains, in which the electron current is considered collisionless. Here we show that the electron (momentum transfer) collision frequency exceeds the electron plasma frequency in a powder-forming plasma. This indicates that the electron current is no longer collisionless, and the orbital-motion-limited theory may need corrections to account for elastic electron collisions. This implication is especially relevant for higher gas pressure, lower plasma density, and larger dust grain size and density.
Measurement of relative phase for 5G NR digitally modulated signal using cumulative distribution function
Authors: Kim Dong‐Woo , Kim Kangwook , Jung Young‐Bae , Lim Jong‐Hyuk , Oh Soon‐Soo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis letter proposes a measurement technique for the relative phase of a 5G new radio (NR) signal. The total radiated power (TRP) is measured to evaluate wireless equipment. However, this cannot be implemented using the near‐field measurement system owing to the digitally modulated signal. The relative phase detected by using a vector network analyser (VNA) changes significantly owing to the fast change in the signal in the time domain and the imperfect synchronisation of internal receivers of VNA. This study calculated the cumulative distribution function and medium value for the signal from the multi‐probe measurement system. The detected phase agreed well with the exact value obtained from the continuous wave signal. The proposed technique can be used for TRP calculations using the near‐to‐far field transformation.
Design, analysis and implementation of a new three‐port DC‐DC converter with bidirectional capability
Authors: Jalilzadeh Tohid , Rostami Naghi , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe proposed converter here is a dual‐input DC‐DC converter with bidirectional power flow. One of the inputs is unidirectional, while the other is a bidirectional port for a battery. The proposed converter can combine two alternating sources with different characteristics. The demanded power of the load can be provided by each input source individually or simultaneously. What is more, the unidirectional port can charge the battery as well as power the output load. Due to the bidirectional capability, the energy returned from the output can be stored in the battery which is suitable for electric vehicle (EV) applications. Step‐up capability, the low voltage stress on semiconductors, and the smaller number of passive elements are the other advantages of the converter. Depending on the battery usage status, four different operation scenarios are defined in the proposed converter. The converter operation is described in each scenario and the mathematical analysis is presented. Based on these, the experimental prototype is conducted to verify the characteristics and feasibilities of the converter.
Modelling method of microgrid system based on multi‐modal dimensions in islanding mode
Authors: Wang Xiaohuan , Huang Peng , Min Fan , Liu Tingwei , Zhao Xiaojun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDue to the diverse features of source‐network‐load‐storage for a microgrid, the operation mode of grid‐tied inverter is complicated. The grid net model would be cumbersome and difficult to carry out effective analysis based on uniform model of inverter in accordance with the traditional method. To meet the new IEC/TS 62989 microgrid standard, considering charging and discharging modes of storage unit, a benchmark equivalent model is proposed here by the simplification principle of cluster analysis. Then the microgrid can be divided into multiple source‐network‐load‐storage subsystems based on the model, that helps to carry out the energy independence and modular control of the distributed power generation systems. The simplification of the microgrid module is designed according to the principle of cluster analysis. The simulation and experimental results are given to verify the validity of the model.
Halving of consumption and energy efficiency of the “Mario Pagano” National boarding school in Campobasso
Authors: Romano Giada , Lallo Francesco Cesare , Mancini Francesco 
Published: October 2021

In the national context, Italy with the Integrated National Plan for Energy and Climate (PNIEC) intends to achieve an indicative target of reducing consumption by 2030 equal to 43% of primary energy and 39.7% of final energy compared to the reference scenario of 2007 while with the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), the ecological transition will have to be the basis of the new development model on a global scale. To start it up, it will be necessary to drastically reduce emissions of climate-altering gases in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal. Secondly, it will be necessary to improve the energy efficiency of production chains, civil settlements and public buildings and the quality of air in urban centres and water. In light of these ambitious objectives, particular attention is paid to existing buildings: this research has been focused on the is the National Boarding School “Mario Pagano”, an 8,700 m2 school built in 1899, located in the historical centre of Campobasso (Molise).
The effects of the intervention proposals have been simulated in order to evaluate energy savings and the reduction of CO2 emissions. The research is also supported by an economic evaluation that prove the economic sustainability within a period of about 15 years.
Lumped parameter model of vane pumps developed in OpenModelica environment
Authors: Zardin Barbara , Cillo Giovanni , Rizzoli Marco , Borghi Massimo 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors present a 0D fluid dynamic model of a vane pump used to refill tanks with fuel. The model is entirely developed in OpenModelica environment, where the authors have created specific libraries of elements suitable for the physical modelling of fluid power components and systems.
Among the different approaches, the zero-dimension (0D) fluid-dynamic modelling of positive displacement machines is suitable to study many aspects as: the instantaneous flow rate, pressure and torque transients, the fluid borne noise related to the flow rate and pressure irregularity, the dynamic behaviour of the variable displacement control. Overall, this approach in modelling allows to link the geometrical features of the machine with its dynamic behaviour and for this reason is particularly useful in guiding the design.
The model of the vane pump is described together with the main design features that can be analysed in terms of their influence on the pump behaviour.
Besides the specific results obtained regarding the design of the pump, the paper also demonstrates the use of OpenModelica language and environment, and its efficacy, into the applications of fluid power modelling and simulation.
Triple-screw pumps for ICE cooling systems in the transportation sector
Authors: Di Giovine Giammarco , Mariani Luigi , Di Bartolomeo Marco , Di Battista Davide , Cipollone Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Recent EU Regulations have been pushing the transportation sector increasingly towards the reduction of primary harmful pollutants and CO2 emissions. In this context, the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cooling system is gaining a new technological interest. In fact, improvements on pump efficiency can significantly reduce its absorbed energy during real on-the-road operation. Typically, centrifugal pumps are adopted, but their efficiency is highly dependent on rotational speed, wasting energy during real operation, even if they are designed to have a very high efficiency at the design point. This study investigates the three screws pumps potentiality to substitute traditional centrifugal pumps in engine cooling applications. In fact, triple-screw pumps belong to positive displacement pumps, which have an efficiency ideally independent on rotational speed.A zero-dimensional mathematical model of this pump previously developed by the authors was improved, giving a specific focus on the mechanical efficiency of the pump. The validation of the model resulted in a good agreement with experimental results. The model has been used to design a pump for an IVECO F1C diesel engine. The energy requested to drive the pump over a Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) has been calculated and compared with that of the traditional existing centrifugal pump. Results show that the electrically actuated triple screw pump allows to reduce the energy of about 14 %.
Prognostic techniques for aeroengine health assessment and Remaining Useful Life estimation
Authors: Caricato A. , Ficarella A. , Chiodo L. Spada 
Published: October 2021

Predictive maintenance is the latest frontier in the management and maintenance of many industrial assets, including aeroengines. Made possible by last decades advances in monitoring equipment and machine learning algorithms, it permits individual-based maintenance schedules, on the basis of performance monitoring and estimates resulting from the application of diagnostic and prognostic techniques, whether on ground or real time. Predictive maintenance results in operational cost reduction and asset usage optimization, if compared with traditional maintenance strategies, which instead may suffer from unanticipated failure or unnecessary maintenance and therefore higher operational costs. In the study, Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimates will be carried out for different turbofan engines, based on historical individual and fleet data made available by the Prognostics Center of Excellence at NASA.
The design of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) algorithms requires at first an analysis of available data to identify which of them is effectively related to equipment degradation and hence could be useful in determining future system evolution and predicting failure.
In particular, RUL prediction of test engines suffering from high pressure compressor fault with exponential degradation trend has been carried out with both regression and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In turn, different regression models and neural network architectures have been compared, namely tree regression with different levels of tree depth, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) with different kernel functions and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with one to three hidden layers and varying number of nodes. The objective is to demonstrate the capability of such machine learning algorithms to predict engine failure and thus their importance in supporting predictive maintenance planning, and to evaluate the quality of results in relation to the algorithm structure.
Results show comparable performance in terms of Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of predicted with respect to actual RUL, in particular predictions obtained through recourse to multilayer perceptron reveal to be the most accurate, with a RMSE of 17.38 and a MAE of 12.50.