bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and niche differentiation of a mixed pine–oak forest in the Sierra Norte, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Martin Meredith P. , Peters Charles M. , Asbjornsen Heidi , Ashton Mark S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examined tree species diversity, distribution, and community differentiation patterns along an elevation gradient in pine–oak forest in the Sierra Norte mountains in Oaxaca, Mexico. Pine and oak are ecologically and economically valuable both locally and globally, but their dynamics are poorly understood in seasonally dry montane forests. This is a biome that is both widespread, with high human use and importance, and widely understudied. The community‐managed forest we studied contained high levels of tree diversity (32 total species), with especially high levels of oak (10 species) and pine (eight species) diversity compared to other pine–oak forests in Mexico. Tree communities in the study area demonstrated high levels of species turnover across sites, especially at mid and low elevations, as well as high levels of oak species coexistence within communities, with a mean of three oak species per 1000 m2. We identified three distinct tree vegetation types using multivariate ordination and cluster analyses and found that both tree distributions and community assemblages are primarily differentiated by elevation, but also by soil type, topography, and likely successional disturbance from historical land use. Oak communities in the study area followed patterns of phylogenetic overdispersion with species from different sections (red and white) co‐occurring more frequently than species from the same section, and demonstrated differences in reported reproductive phenology, with coexisting species alternately fruiting in rainy and dry seasons. This differentiation in both oak species' environmental associations and in fruiting phenology has important management and conservation implications as Mexico becomes more arid with climate change. This study also provided key information for local management as different forest types should have different silvicultural management regimes, as well as essential baseline data useful for a broader theoretical understanding of how closely related species coexist in communities.
Maduramicin induces cardiotoxicity via Rac1 signaling‐independent methuosis in H9c2 cells
Authors: Gao Xiuge , Ji Chunlei , Wang Junqi , Song Xinhao , Zuo Runan , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Xiaorong , Ji Hui , Peng Lin , Guo Dawei , Jiang Shanxiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaduramicin frequently induces severe cardiotoxicity in target and nontarget animals in clinic. Apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cell death mediate its cardiotoxicity; however, the underlying non‐apoptotic cell death induced by maduramicin remains unclear. In current study, a recently described non‐apoptotic cell death “methuosis” caused by maduramicin was defined in mammalian cells. Rat myocardial cell H9c2 was used as an in vitro model, showing excessively cytoplasmic vacuolization upon maduramicin (0.0625–5 μg/mL) exposure for 24 h. Maduramicin‐induced reversible cytoplasmic vacuolization of H9c2 cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The vacuoles induced by maduramicin were phase lucent with single membrane and were not derived from the swelling of organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, maduramicin‐induced cytoplasmic vacuoles are generated from micropinocytosis, which was demonstrated by internalization of extracellular fluid‐phase marker Dextran‐Alexa Fluor 488 into H9c2 cells. Intriguingly, these cytoplasmic vacuoles acquired some characteristics of late endosomes and lysosomes rather than early endosomes and autophagosomes. Vacuolar H+‐ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 efficiently prevented the generation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and decreased the cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells triggered by maduramicin. Mechanism studying indicated that maduramicin activated H‐Ras‐Rac1 signaling pathway at both mRNA and protein levels. However, the pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of Rac1 rescued maduramicin‐induced cytotoxicity of H9c2 cells but did not alleviate cytoplasmic vacuolization. Based on these findings, maduramicin induces methuosis in H9c2 cells via Rac‐1 signaling‐independent seriously cytoplasmic vacuolization.
Learning to Interpret Pediatric Vocal Fold Mobility: A Laryngeal Ultrasound Training Module
Authors: Alexander Nicole L. , Tran Brandon , Zhu Huirong , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: April 2021

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold movement impairment (VFMI) in infants and children is most commonly evaluated by flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL). FNL in this population can be challenging due to movement, floppy supraglottic structures, or secretions. Laryngeal ultrasound (LUS) may be an alternative, less invasive means of evaluating VFMI that also decreases aerosolization during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The primary objective was to examine LUS interpretation proficiency for VFMI via an educational module. A secondary outcome was to determine whether quantitative measurements increase interpretation accuracy.Study DesignProspective cohort trial.MethodsMedical students, residents, fellows, faculty, and staff were recruited to complete the module, composed of a 13‐minute teaching video followed by 20 cases. Participants determined both qualitatively (subjective assessment) and then quantitatively (through protractor measurements of the vocal fold to arytenoid angle) whether there was normal versus impaired vocal fold mobility.ResultsThirty participants completed the LUS training module, and about one‐third were otolaryngology residents. On average, each participant correctly identified 18 cases. The mean rank percent correct for quantitative measurements was significantly higher than that of qualitative interpretations (P < .0001). Measurements significantly caused participants to change their answer correctly compared to incorrectly (P < .0001). As the module progressed, there was no significant trend of more correct interpretations (P = .30). The sensitivity was higher for quantitative interpretations (89.0% vs. 87.3%) but specificity remained unchanged (92.6%).ConclusionQuantitative measurements may increase LUS interpretation accuracy. There was not a specific number of cases interpreted to achieve learning proficiency. LUS is an easily learned method to evaluate for VFMI across all training levels.Level of Evidence3 (local cohort study nonrandomized) Laryngoscope, 131:2545–2549, 2021
A unified algorithm for the selection of collocation stencils for convex, concave, and singular problems
Authors: Jacquemin Thibault , Bordas Stéphane P. A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe introduce in this article a unified algorithm which allows the selection of collocation stencils, based on the visibility criterion, for convex, concave, and singular problems solved using a collocation method. The algorithm can be applied to any 2D or 3D problem. We show the importance of using a threshold angle, in conjunction with the visibility criterion, to assess of the inclusion of a node in the support of a collocation center. We also show how the algorithm can be used to assess the presence of a node in a defined domain. Such algorithm is particularly useful in the context of model refinement.
Fatigue crack propagation behavior of polyether ether ketone under biaxial loading
Authors: Meng Guolong , Hu Jiaqi , Liu Zhenduo , Gao Hong , Gao Lilan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyether ether ketone (PEEK) has become a promising material in total joint replacement. However, it still faces the risk of fatigue fracture during service. In this paper, the effects of biaxial stress ratio λ, cyclic stress ratio R, and load phase difference θ on fatigue crack propagation (FCG) behavior of PEEK are investigated. In the case of vertical cracks, results show that the FCG rate of PEEK increases with the R value, while decreases with the increase of λ value. Furthermore, the effective stress intensity factor range ΔKeff can uniformly describe the biaxial FCG behavior at different cyclic stress ratios. In the case of 45° slant cracks, compared with mode‐I intensity factor range ΔKI, the energy release rate range ΔG is more accurate for describing the FCG behavior under various load phase differences. In addition, the investigation on the 45° crack propagation path shows that a bifurcated Y‐shaped crack appears under 180° load phase difference, while no bifurcated crack appears under 90° load phase difference and uniaxial loading. Three different methods are used to predict the crack propagation path. The comparison results show that the maximum circumferential stress (MTS) criterion can well predict the crack propagation path under out‐of‐phase biaxial loading and uniaxial loading.
The effects of using an ionic liquid as a solvent for a reaction that proceeds through a phenonium ion
Authors: Gilbert Alyssa , Haines Ronald S. , Harper Jason B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA unimolecular reaction that proceeds predominantly through a phenonium ion intermediate was investigated in mixtures of an ionic liquid and methanol. Varying the proportion of the ionic liquid in the reaction mixture led to an increase in the rate constant compared with methanol when very small amounts of ionic liquid were present in the reaction mixture and a decrease when higher proportions of the salt were present. Activation parameters determined for the process showed that the effect of changing the solvent composition on the rate constant was due to a key interaction between the ionic liquid and the transition state of the process, similar to other unimolecular processes. Analysis of the stereochemistry of the products demonstrated that the ionic liquid had no effect on either the ratio of the stereochemistry of the substitution products, or the ratio of the substitution and eliminations mechanisms occurring in solution.
Adaptive event based predictive lateral following control for unmanned ground vehicle system
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Hongming , Wang Zhuping , Huang Chao , Li Yan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this article, the lateral path following problem of unmanned ground vehicle with bounded disturbances is studied. A dual‐mode model predictive control (MPC) algorithm based on adaptive event triggered mechanism is proposed. Compared with the existing MPC algorithm, adaptive event triggered model predictive control (AEMPC) can ensure the tracking accuracy and reduce the optimization computation. Feasibility and stability of AEMPC algorithm are guaranteed by constraint region parameter design. Finally, simulation results of the vehicle dynamics model are given, and the comparisons are made.
Weyl invariant Jacobi forms along Higgsing trees
Authors: Duan Zhihao , Duque David Jaramillo , Kashani-Poor Amir-Kian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using topological string techniques, we compute BPS counting functions of 5d gauge theories which descend from 6d superconformal field theories upon circle compactification. Such theories are naturally organized in terms of nodes of Higgsing trees. We demonstrate that the specialization of the partition function as we move from the crown to the root of a tree is determined by homomorphisms between rings of Weyl invariant Jacobi forms. Our computations are made feasible by the fact that symmetry enhancements of the gauge theory which are manifest on the massless spectrum are inherited by the entire tower of BPS particles. In some cases, these symmetry enhancements have a nice relation to the 1-form symmetry of the associated gauge theory.
Implant-based multiplane breast augmentation—a personal surgical concept for dynamic implant–tissue interaction providing sustainable shape stability
Authors: Vogt Peter M. , Mackowski Marian S. , Dastagir Khaled 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The aesthetic long-term stability in shape, symmetry, and natural appearance of an aesthetically augmented breast remains a constant challenge. It has become clear that the results depend strongly on the technique applied and the experience of the surgeon. An ongoing controversy concerns the positioning of the implants. Subglandular, submuscular, partial submuscular, and subfascial pockets have different tradeoffs and advantages. However, secondary deformity, unnatural feel, and appearance are not addressed uniformly. The aim of the following study was to establish a standard procedure allowing for the desired and reproducible results to provide long-term stability and aesthetic quality.

Methods
The authors have developed a standardized dissection of a dynamic implant pocket. In this approach, a submuscular dissection with lower and medial release of the pectoralis muscle is combined with a wide subfascial release of the breast gland and a scoring of the deep plane of the superficial glandular fascia. In the final step, the deep layer of the glandular fascia is sutured tightly and firmly to the deep layer of the abdomino-pectoral fascia. A total of 867 patients received a 4D pocket–based breast implant by the authors. A subset of 33 patients was further analyzed for long-term results. Retrospectively, all data were analyzed from the electronic patient information system and files of patients using GraphPad 8. For comparison of multiple experimental groups, one-way ANOVA was performed where indicated.

Results
The concept not only addresses the biplanar approach of submuscular implant placement (3D) but adds the 4th dimension (4D) of an aesthetically pleasing dynamic shape of the augmented breast providing long-term stability. Measurements—taken at 3 months, and 1, 2, 3, 5, and ≥ 7 years post augmentation—for SN-N, N-IMF, N-ML, and MC-N distances did not show any significant changes over time. In the patient cohort of 867 patients (1734 implants), the overall complication rate was < 5%. Revisions for bleeding were below 0.5%. Shape stability was observed over 7 years in more than 95% of the patients.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that our technique of multiplane breast augmentation provides long-term stability and aesthetic quality. It may solve some of the existing tradeoffs of the different methods by combining the benefits of each technique supported by an additional shaping through a controlled deep fasciotomy.
Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Innovative management accounting practices for sustainability of manufacturing small and medium enterprises
Authors: Nartey S. N. , van der Poll H. M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe environment in which manufacturing small and medium enterprises operate has become very complex, and therefore manufacturing SME’s owners need to be aware of the impact their decisions have on the environment and society. The aim of the research was to identify which innovative management accounting practices can be integrated into manufacturing SMEs’ strategies to overcome the challenge of being blamed by stakeholders as contributors to social and environmental problems. Published articles were sourced from the University of South Africa’s online library using keywords. A systematic literature review was employed to discover themes and concepts during secondary data gathering to detect traditional and innovative MAPs in management accounting literature all over the globe. The qualitative data analysis and research software, Atlas.ti was used to synthesise the data. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the occurrence of words, phrases, themes, metaphors, and the construction of concepts in MAPs literature. During the analysis, seven innovative MAPs (activity base costing/budgeting; product life cycle costing; total quality management; environmental costing; target costing; kaizen costing and value analysis) were identified. It is recommended that manufacturing SMEs integrate these innovative MAPs into their strategies to impact their environmental, social, supply chain management and recycling policies to promote operational efficiency to achieve sustainability. Further research to identify influencing factors; strategic procedures; and the environmental and social benefits of integrating these identified innovative MAPs into manufacturing SMEs to achieve sustainability, should be undertaken.
Optimization of decellularized human placental macroporous scaffolds for spermatogonial stem cells homing
Authors: Asgari Fatemeh , Asgari Hamid Reza , Najafi Mohammad , Eftekhari Behnaz Sadat , Vardiani Mina , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Koruji Morteza 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDecellularized scaffolds have been found to be excellent platforms for tissue engineering applications. The attempts are still being made to optimize a decellularization protocol with successful removal of the cells with minimal damages to extracellular matrix components. We examined twelve decellularization procedures using different concentrations of Sodium dodecyl sulfate and Triton X-100 (alone or in combination), and incubation time points of 15 or 30 min. Then, the potential of the decellularized scaffold as a three-dimensional substrate for colony formation capacity of mouse spermatogonial stem cells was determined. The morphological, degradation, biocompatibility, and swelling properties of the samples were fully characterized. The 0.5%/30 SDS/Triton showed optimal decellularization with minimal negative effects on ECM (P ≤ 0.05). The swelling ratios increased with the increase of SDS and Triton concentration and incubation time. Only 0.5%/15 and 30 SDS showed a significant decrease in the SSCs viability compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The SSCs colony formation was clearly observed under SEM and H&E stained slides. The cells infiltrated into the subcutaneously implanted scaffold at days 7 and 30 post-implantation with no sign of graft rejection. Our data suggest the %0.5/30 SDS/Triton as an excellent platform for tissue engineering and reproductive biology applications.
Bulk and Confined Benzene-Cyclohexane Mixtures Studied by an Integrated Total Neutron Scattering and NMR Method
Authors: Hughes Terri-Louise , Falkowska Marta , Leutzsch Markus , Sederman Andrew J. , Mantle Mick D. , Headen Thomas F. , Youngs Tristan G. A. , Bowron Daniel T. , Hardacre Christopher 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHerein mixtures of cyclohexane and benzene have been investigated in both the bulk liquid phase and when confined in MCM-41 mesopores. The bulk mixtures have been studied using total neutron scattering (TNS), and the confined mixtures have been studied by a new flow-utilising, integrated TNS and NMR system (Flow NeuNMR), all systems have been analysed using empirical potential structure refinement (EPSR). The Flow NeuNMR setup provided precise time-resolved chemical sample composition through NMR, overcoming the difficulties of ensuring compositional consistency for computational simulation of data ordinarily found in TNS experiments of changing chemical composition—such as chemical reactions. Unique to the liquid mixtures, perpendicularly oriented benzene molecules have been found at short distances from the cyclohexane rings in the regions perpendicular to the carbon–carbon bonds. Upon confinement of the hydrocarbon mixtures, a stronger parallel orientational preference of unlike molecular dimers, at short distances, has been found. At longer first coordination shell distances, the like benzene molecular spatial organisation within the mixture has also found to be altered upon confinement.
IPR Law Protection and Enforcement and the Effect on Horizontal Productivity Spillovers from Inward FDI to Domestic Firms: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Christopoulou Danai , Papageorgiadis Nikolaos , Wang Chengang , Magkonis Georgios 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the role of the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms in host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due to exogenous pressure resulting from the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (TRIPS) agreement, public IPR enforcement strength continues to vary significantly between countries. We meta-analyse 49 studies and find that public IPR enforcement strength has a direct positive effect on horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between IPR law protection strength and horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of wood chips under supercritical and subcritical water reaction conditions
Authors: Shimizu Naoto , Zeng Bingyao , Kushima Keisuke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work describes batch-type hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) treatments of conifer wood chips at 180–425 °C, under either air or nitrogen atmosphere. Such experiments allow efficient extraction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and other valuable chemical substances, such as glycolic acid and acetic acid, from the lignocellulosic biomass. These compounds and their decomposition products present in the samples after HTL are analyzed and quantified using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. In general, the relatively higher-pressure nitrogen atmospheric condition is more suitable for obtaining the desired products, relative to the air atmosphere. Based on the quantitative results, the optimal temperatures for producing acetic acid, glycolic acid, and HMF are 300 °C, 250 °C, and 180 °C, respectively. The interesting relationship between HMF yield and temperature is also discussed; as the temperature increases, the yield of HMF first decreases and then increases. This phenomenon is explained by the exothermic nature of the HMF decomposition reaction, which is inhibited by excessively high temperature (in the range from 380 to 425 °C). At moderately high temperatures (optimized conditions; 300 °C), the generation rate of HMF exceeds its decomposition rate, resulting in a high yield of HMF. Based on the results of the experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition mechanism describing HTL treatment of wood chips can be elucidated. This study therefore provides guidance for future work involving HMF extraction from lignocellulosic biomass.
Industry 4.0: a step towards achieving the SDGs? A critical literature review
Authors: Beier Grischa , Niehoff Silke , Hoffmann Mandy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe transformation of industrial production is one of the big challenges on the pathway to sustainable development. Therefore, expectations regarding the contribution of Industry 4.0 are high. So far there is only little research focusing on the relation between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda and the digitalization of industrial processes. We argue that sustainability aspects must be an integral part of Industry 4.0 implementation to support a sustainable development. For that reason, the digital manufacturing concept itself must take essential characteristics of sustainability into account. Our analysis has investigated to what extent sustainability aspects are currently reflected in the most recognized articles about Industry 4.0. For that purpose, we have conducted a systematic literature review, in which we have analysed the top cohort of most frequently cited articles published after 2013 on GoogleScholar dealing with “Industry 4.0”. Our literature review reveals that the descriptions reflect many expectations and hopes while only few of them are evidence-based. According to our results Industry 4.0 mainly deals with the economic dimension of sustainability such as growth and productivity. Although there are expectations that Industry 4.0 creates a window of opportunity for a more sustainable production, we could not find evidence to support this idea. Instead of targeting a more sustainable production, many descriptions draw a picture in which Industry 4.0 processes run exactly as before, just in a digital way.