bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilingualism, nationality and flexibility: mobile communicators’ careers in a humanitarian agency
Authors: Garrido Maria Rosa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article explores the management of multilingual mobile communicators at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) according to institutional requirements and the consequences on Arabic-speaking communicators’ careers. Based on interviews complemented by institutional documents, I analyse the impact of “multiple languages”, “‘easy’ nationality” and “flexibility for non-family posts” as key requirements for mobile communicators. The institutional shortage of Arabic speakers largely limited their experience to Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) while other communicators allegedly had a broader variety of field experience for career advancement. Linguistic repertoires and nationality shaped mission allocation since acceptance of one’s nationality in the host country largely outweighed linguistic competences in Arabic in MENA, with a preference for European or dual nationals and the Lebanese over other Arab nationals. Flexibility for non-family posts, numerous in MENA, seems to reinforce an unequal distribution of reproductive work and structural gender inequalities. Many interviewed women felt that they had to choose between the agency and family. Although desirable, family posts outside MENA were not considered as exciting communications work. Besides hiring L2 speakers with an acceptable nationality, interviewed communicators suggested a new rotation system, advising roles for Arabic-speaking professionals and special quota for women.
Non-linear interferometry with infrared metasurfaces
Authors: Paterova Anna V. , Kalashnikov Dmitry A. , Khaidarov Egor , Yang Hongzhi , Mass Tobias W. W. , Paniagua-Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Krivitsky Leonid A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe optical elements comprised of sub-diffractive light scatterers, or metasurfaces, hold a promise to reduce the footprint and unfold new functionalities of optical devices. A particular interest is focused on metasurfaces for manipulation of phase and amplitude of light beams. Characterisation of metasurfaces can be performed using interferometry, which, however, may be cumbersome, specifically in the infrared (IR) range. Here, we realise a new method for characterising metasurfaces operating in the telecom IR range using accessible components for visible light. Correlated IR and visible photons are launched into a non-linear interferometer so that the phase profile, imposed by the metasurface on the IR photons, modifies the interference at the visible photon wavelength. Furthermore, we show that this concept can be used for broadband manipulation of the intensity profile of a visible beam using a single IR metasurface. Our method unfolds the potential of quantum interferometry for the characterization of advanced optical elements.
Green chemistry outreach
Authors: Kolopajlo Larry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses several approaches used to infuse green chemistry and its core values into the outreach curriculum spanning 2013–2017 at Eastern Michigan University. Pertinent pedagogy, best practices, suggestions on how to organize an outreach activity, and common pitfalls to be avoided will be discussed. A unique feature of the outreach camps described is that diversity is addressed.
Cheminformatics techniques in antimalarial drug discovery and development from natural products 2: Molecular scaffold and machine learning approaches
Authors: Egieyeh Samuel , Malan Sarel F. , Christoffels Alan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A large number of natural products, especially those used in ethnomedicine of malaria, have shown varying in-vitro antiplasmodial activities. Cheminformatics involves the organization, integration, curation, standardization, simulation, mining and transformation of pharmacology data (compounds and bioactivity) into knowledge that can drive rational and viable drug development decisions. This chapter will review the application of two cheminformatics techniques (including molecular scaffold analysis and bioactivity predictive modeling via Machine learning) to natural products with in-vitro and in-vivo antiplasmodial activities in order to facilitate their development into antimalarial drug candidates and design of new potential antimalarial compounds.
Analytical model for the signal-to-noise-ratio of drift tube ion mobility spectrometers
Authors: Kirk Ansgar T. , Bohnhorst Alexander , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While the resolving power of drift tube ion mobility spectrometers has been studied and modelled in detail over the past decades, no comparable model exists for the signal-to-noise-ratio. In this work, we develop an analytical model for the signal-to-noise-ratio of a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer based on the same experimental parameters used for modelling the resolving power. The resulting holistic model agrees well with experimental results and allows simultaneously optimizing both resolving power and signal-to-noise-ratio. Especially, it reveals several unexpected relationships between experimental parameters. First, even though reduced initial ion packet widths result in fewer injected ions and reduced amplifier widths result in more noise, the resulting shift of the optimum operating point when reducing both simultaneously leads to a constant signal-to-noise-ratio. Second, there is no dependence of the signal-to-noise-ratio at the optimum operating point on the drift length, as again the resulting shift of the optimum operating point causes all effects to compensate each other.
Deep Artificial Neural Networks Reveal a Distributed Cortical Network Encoding Propositional Sentence-Level Meaning
Authors: Anderson Andrew James , Kiela Douwe , Binder Jeffrey R. , Fernandino Leonardo , Humphries Colin J. , Conant Lisa L. , Raizada Rajeev D. S. , Grimm Scott , Lalor Edmund C. 
Published: March 2021

Understanding how and where in the brain sentence-level meaning is constructed from words presents a major scientific challenge. Recent advances have begun to explain brain activation elicited by sentences using vector models of word meaning derived from patterns of word co-occurrence in text corpora. These studies have helped map out semantic representation across a distributed brain network spanning temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex. However, it remains unclear whether activation patterns within regions reflect unified representations of sentence-level meaning, as opposed to superpositions of context-independent component words. This is because models have typically represented sentences as “bags-of-words” that neglect sentence-level structure. To address this issue, we interrogated fMRI activation elicited as 240 sentences were read by 14 participants (9 female, 5 male), using sentences encoded by a recurrent deep artificial neural-network trained on a sentence inference task (InferSent). Recurrent connections and nonlinear filters enable InferSent to transform sequences of word vectors into unified “propositional” sentence representations suitable for evaluating intersentence entailment relations. Using voxelwise encoding modeling, we demonstrate that InferSent predicts elements of fMRI activation that cannot be predicted by bag-of-words models and sentence models using grammatical rules to assemble word vectors. This effect occurs throughout a distributed network, which suggests that propositional sentence-level meaning is represented within and across multiple cortical regions rather than at any single site. In follow-up analyses, we place results in the context of other deep network approaches (ELMo and BERT) and estimate the degree of unpredicted neural signal using an “experiential” semantic model and cross-participant encoding.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA modern-day scientific challenge is to understand how the human brain transforms word sequences into representations of sentence meaning. A recent approach, emerging from advances in functional neuroimaging, big data, and machine learning, is to computationally model meaning, and use models to predict brain activity. Such models have helped map a cortical semantic information-processing network. However, how unified sentence-level information, as opposed to word-level units, is represented throughout this network remains unclear. This is because models have typically represented sentences as unordered “bags-of-words.” Using a deep artificial neural network that recurrently and nonlinearly combines word representations into unified propositional sentence representations, we provide evidence that sentence-level information is encoded throughout a cortical network, rather than in a single region.
Komposisi dan Kerapatan Mangrove Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Perairan Gugusan Pulau- Pulau Momparang
Authors: Aliviyanti Dian , Isdianto Andik 
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi jenis dan kerapatan vegetasi mangrove di Pulau Karang Raya, Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Metode penelitian exploratif yaitu ex post facto sesuai dengan kondisi lapang. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode transek kuadran 10 x 10 m dengan 3 transek dan line transek sepanjang 50 m. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas meliputi komposisi, nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), dan kerapatan jenis vegetasi mangrove. Hasil yang didapatkan komposisi jenis vegetasi mangrove terdiri dari lima jenis yaitu Bruguiera clyndrica, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Rhizopora apiculate, Rhizopora mucronata, dan Sonneratia alba. Rhizopora mucronata memiliki nilai INP tertinggi pada tiga stasiun pengamatan. Kerapatan dan persentase penutupan vegetasi mangrove pada stasiun I dan II termasuk kategori sangat padat dan baik. Sedangkan pada stasiun III menunjukan kategori nilai kerapatan yang bervariasi yaitu jarang, sedang, dan padat, serta kategori persentase penutupan rusak dan baik.
СT and MRI in the assessment of resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic tumors
Authors: Kudryavtseva A. V. , Bagnenko S. S. , Dzidzawa I. I. , Zheleznyak I. S. , Trufanov G. E. , Ryazanov V. V. , Krasovskaya V. A. , Kotiv A. B. , Kazakov A. D. 
Published: March 2021

Aim. To evaluate the capabilities of CT and MRI in the assessment of resectable and potentially resectable pancreatic tumors.Materials and methods. From 2015 to 2020 CT and MRI examination of the abdomen was performed in 220 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The average age of the patients was 54.6 ± 9.9 years. 198 (90%) patients had a tumor of the pancreas head, 22 (10%) patients had a tumor of the body or tail of the organ. 110 (50%) people were recognized as inoperable. The results of examination of 88 (40%) patients were subjected to in-depth analysis.Results. Eighty eight patients were assessed for tumor resectability. In 36 (40.9%) cases, the neoplasm was recognized as resectable, and the standard resection was performed. In 52 (59.1%) cases, the tumor was determined as borderline resectable; extended gastropancreatoduodenal resection was performed.The usefulness of CT was shown in assessing the features of the variable vascular anatomy of the hepatopancreatobiliary area, determining the nature of the involvement of key vessels in the pathological process and lesions of the pancreas as a whole. The importance of using multiphase CT scanning is demonstrated and emphasized. The advantages of the MRI are indicated, including examples of the effective use of diffusion-weighted images.Conclusion. Multiphase MDCT and MRI with dynamic contrast enhancement are the leading methods of radiological diagnosis of malignant tumors of the pancreas and effectively complement each other.
Bivariate Transmuted Burr Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad Qaiser , Darwish Jumanah Ahmed , Al Turk Lutfiah Ismail 
Published: March 2021

The bivariate distributions are useful in simultaneous modeling of two random variables. These distributions provide a way of modeling complex joint phenomenon. In this article, a new bivariate distribution is proposed which is known as the bivariate transmuted Burr (BTB) distribution. This new bivariate distribution is extension of the univariate transmuted Burr (TB) distribution to two variables. The proposed BTB distribution is explored in detail and the marginal and conditional distributions for the distribution are obtained. Joint and conditional moments alongside hazard rate functions are obtained. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the parameters of the BTB distribution is also done. Finally, real data application of the BTB distribution is given. It is observed that the proposed BTB distribution is a suitable fit for the data used.
Sociedade, trabalho e sentido da vida: se fere nossa existência, seremos mais que resistência
Authors: Praun Luci 
Published: March 2021

Este texto, que por iniciativa editorial foi desenvolvido em formato de carta, trata sobre processos de saúde-adoecimento abrigados sob a denominação transtornos mentais. A ênfase recai sobre os desdobramentos desses processos em tentativas ou óbitos por suicídio, cujas estatísticas mundiais e brasileiras têm se apresentado de forma ascendente. Busca-se, ao introduzir a temática e as estatísticas correspondentes, problematizar sobre as fronteiras entre a esfera da vida pessoal e a do trabalho e, de forma decorrentes, sobre o quanto esses episódios podem ser inseridos no âmbito da sociabilidade capitalista contemporânea e ao profundo processo de degradação do trabalho.
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Aro Hannu T. , Engelke Klaus , Mattila Kimmo , Löyttyniemi Eliisa 
Published: March 2021

Background:
In cementless total hip arthroplasty, femoral stems should preferably not migrate at all postoperatively. This goal is difficult to achieve in postmenopausal women with impaired bone quality. Here, we explored the clinical importance of initial stem migration, measured by radiostereometric analysis (RSA), in women who underwent quantitative computed tomography (CT) of the involved hip preoperatively.

Methods:
A prospective cohort of 65 postmenopausal women (mean age, 69 years) with hip osteoarthritis and Dorr type-A or B femoral anatomy underwent total hip arthroplasty with implantation of a tapered, single-wedge femoral stem. Volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using quantitative CT. Femoral stem translation and rotation were measured using model-based RSA within 3 days after the surgical procedure and were repeated at 3, 5, and 11 months. Postoperative recovery parameters included walking speed, walking activity, and patient‐reported outcome measures. Subjects were categorized into 2 groups according to the magnitude of initial 5-month stem subsidence (<2 mm or ≥2 mm); RSA outliers (n = 7) were analyzed separately.

Results:
Subjects with stem subsidence of ≥2 mm (mean, 3.09 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.70 to 3.47 mm]) had lower intertrochanteric volumetric BMD (p = 0.008). Subjects with subsidence of <2 mm (mean, 0.80 mm [95% CI, 0.51 to 1.09 mm]) had faster improvement of patient‐reported outcome measures and exhibited faster walking speed (p = 0.007) and greater walking activity (p = 0.010) at 11 months as well as better Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores (p = 0.002) and RAND 36-Item Health Survey mental component scores (p = 0.006) at 2 years. All cohort stems were osseointegrated at 2 years.

Conclusions:
Femoral stem stability and resistance to subsidence were sensitive to adequate intertrochanteric volumetric BMD. Low intertrochanteric volumetric BMD was associated with greater stem migration. With initial migration, clinical recovery was slower and patient-reported outcome measures were less satisfactory.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Study on the Relationship Between Land Finance and Housing Price in Urbanization Process: An Empirical Analysis of 182 Cities in China Based on Threshold Panel Models
Authors: Hu Meiting , Dong Jichang , Yin Lijun , Meng Chun , Li Xiuting 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Scholars have a variety of theoretical explanations for housing price growth. However, few scholars have studied the internal influence mechanism among urbanization, land finance, and housing price. Based on the data of 182 prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2016, this paper studies the influence of land finance on housing price under different urbanization rate levels. The study finds that with the increase of urbanization rate, the effect of land finance on housing price presents a “U” shape. Specifically, an increase in land finance by 1% results in a corresponding increase in average housing price by 0.18%, with relatively low urbanization rate, 0.06% with medium level of urbanization rate, and 0.38% with high level of urbanization rate.
Simultaneous determination of C4-C9 alkylphenols and bisphenol A in environmental water at the Yellow River Estuary Area in China by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: yin hailliang , ZHOU Tongna , guo ziqi , liu xinliang , ZHAO jian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A liquid-liquid extraction combined with derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for the rapid determination of C4-C9 alkylphenols (4-tert-butylphenol, 4-n-butylphenol, 4-n-pentylphenol, 4-n-hexylphenol, 4-n-heptylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol and 4-nonylphenol) and bisphenol A in the environmental water. The extraction solvent, extraction time, solvent volume, acidity, salt content and the distillation degree were optimized. After drying and dehydration, the extract was derivatized, detected by GC-MS and quantified by internal standard method. After the dehydration, the extract was derivatized with BSTFA, detected by GC-MS and quantified by internal standard method. The results showed that the relative standard deviations of the relative response factors of the target compounds were less than 20%, the method detection limits were 0.002 µg/Lཞ0.006 µg/L, the relative standard deviations of the three spiked levels were 0.67%ཞ13.7%, and the average recoveries of the actual water samples were 68.0%ཞ122%. The method precision and accuracy were good. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, stable and reliable, which is suitable for the detection of target in water. The contents of C4-C9 alkylphenols and bisphenol A in groundwater, surface water, sewage, waste water and sea water samples in Dongying City located at the Yellow River Estuary were determined by this method. The results showed that the contents of 4-nonylphenol and bisphenol A in these samples were lower than the home and abroad requirements.
Invasion of Ceratium furcoides in subtropical lakes in Uruguay: environmental drivers and first fish kill record
Authors: Esnal Juan Pablo Pacheco , Frizzera Carlos Iglesias , Goyenola Guillermo , de-Mello Franco Teixeira , Fosalba Claudia , Baattrup-Pedersen Annette , Meerhoff Mariana , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The invasive freshwater dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides is extending its distribution in South America with increasing environmental impacts associated with its blooms. We here report two events related to C. furcoides distribution expansion in Uruguay: 1) the first appearance and main environmental drivers (physico-chemical variables, extreme wind events and zooplankton composition) of the bloom of C. furcoides in 2012 in a subtropical eutrophic shallow lake (Lake Blanca, Uruguay), and 2) the fish kill event of Prochilodus lineatus likely caused by C. furcoides in 2016 in a deep eutrophic lake (Puente de las Americas, Uruguay), which is the first fish kill attributable to C. furcoides registered in the world. The bloom of C. furcoides in Lake Blanca started in spring 2012 (October) during a clear water period with high phytoplankton species replacement after a cyanobacterial bloom of Raphidiopsis raciborskii. Extreme wind events during this period resuspended cysts from the sediments, which likely started the C. furcoides bloom. High nutrient availability and low zooplankton grazing, allowed the bloom to expand and reach 96% of the phytoplankton biomass. Our results further indicate that the fish kill of Prochilodus lineatus in Lake Puente de las Americas was likely promoted by the high biomass of C. furcoides bloom, causing gill damage and clogging together with oxygen depletion in the benthic zone. Our study is the earliest record of C. furcoides in Uruguay and it shows the drastic consequences of C. furcoides bloom in freshwaters and its potential of inducing massive fish kills.
Comparison laboratory data between children with Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Huang Ying-Hsien , Tsai Yuh-Chyn , Liu Shih-Feng , Kuo Ho-Chang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been an emerging, rapidly evolving situation in China since late 2019 and has even become a worldwide pandemic. The first case of severe childhood novel coronavirus pneumonia in China was reported in March 2020 in Wuhan. The severity differs between adults and children, with lower death rates and decreased severity for individuals under the age of 20 years old. Increased cases of Kawasaki disease (KD) have been reported from New York City and some areas of Italy and the U.K., with almost a 6-10 times increase when compared with previous years. We conducted this article to compare characters and laboratory data between KD and COVID-19 in children. Methods: We obtained a total of 24 COVID-19 children from the literature review and 234 KD cases from our hospital via retrospective chart review. Results: We found that patients with KD had higher levels of white blood cell (WBC), platelet, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and body temperature, while patients with COVID-19 had higher age, hemoglobin levels, and lymphocyte percentage. After performing multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that age, WBC, platelet, procalcitonin, and AST provide identical markers for distinguishing COVID-19 from KD in children. Conclusion: In this COVID-19 pandemic period, clinicians should pay attention to children with COVID-19 infection when high WBC, platelet, procalcitonin, and AST values are present in order to provide precision treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for KD or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Is Eating Pathology Prevalent Among Social Media Users of Karachi, Pakistan ? A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Zahid Ibrahim , Jamali Munira , Alam Sheena Nadeem , Hassan Wajih Ul , Zafar Osama , Waseem Hira Fatima 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: Social media has been known to influence eating habits especially amongst children and adolescents. However, substantive literature is not present that thoroughly investigates a correlation between eating disorder pathology and the use of social media applications for male and female subjects, especially in a developing country like Pakistan. This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of social media on eating disorder pathology development in young male and female Pakistanis and analyze what factors (frequency of use, type of application, content etc) increase eating disorder pathology risk amongst them. Results: The mean age of the sample was 21.1±2.6 years. A positive correlation was seen between excessive use of social media and the risk of ED pathology. High EDE-Q scorers used social media everyday and acknowledged social media pressure to stay thin. However no statistically significant differences were seen amongst male vs female subjects. Social media usage correlated with developing BID and ED pathology amongst young Pakistani users. However further investigated is warranted in other populations to reach a more substantive conclusion.