bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Hindered Structure Poly (p‐Phenylenediamine) by Enzymatic Catalysis and Evaluating Its Antioxidation Mechanism in Biodegradable Castor Oils
Authors: Miao Changqing , Wang Yanbo , Ma Zhiying , Luo Yang , Miao Yu , Yuan Pingfang , Guo Jiao , Chen Gairong , Liu Hongbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, poly(p‐phenylenediamine) (PPDA) was synthesized by an enzymatic polymerization method using p‐phenylenediamine as the monomer in the water phase. The PPDA structure was characterized by infrared (IR), gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis. The antioxidation behavior of the as‐synthesized PPDA in biodegradable castor oil was investigated using a rotary oxygen bomb test and pressurized differential scanning calorimetry. A theoretical calculation was conducted to investigate its antioxidation mechanism. PPDA was found to exhibit excellent oxidation resistance in castor oil at 150 °C, which effectively prolonged the oxidation induction time of the oil. The results obtained herein suggest that as with phenolic antioxidants, PPDA with a hindered structure effectively improves the antioxidation performance of the oil by enhancing the stability of nitrogen free radicals.
β‐Galactosidase: From its source and applications to its recombinant form
Authors: Movahedpour Ahmad , Ahmadi Nahid , Ghalamfarsa Farideh , Ghesmati Zeinab , Khalifeh Masoomeh , Maleksabet Amir , Shabaninejad Zahra , Taheri‐Anganeh Mortaza , Savardashtaki Amir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbohydrate‐active enzymes are a group of important enzymes playing a critical role in the degradation and synthesis of carbohydrates. Glycosidases can hydrolyze glycosides into oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates via a cost‐effective approach. Lactase is an important member of β‐glycosidases found in higher plants, animals, and microorganisms. β‐Galactosidases can be used to degrade the milk lactose for making lactose‐free milk, which is sweeter than regular milk and is suitable for lactose‐intolerant people. β‐Galactosidase is employed by many food industries to degrade lactose and improve the digestibility, sweetness, solubility, and flavor of dairy products. β‐Galactosidase enzymes have various families and are applied in the food‐processing industries such as hydrolyzed‐milk products, whey, and galactooligosaccharides. Thus, this enzyme is a valuable protein which is now produced by recombinant technology. In this review, origins, structure, recombinant production, and critical modifications of β‐galactosidase for improving the production process are discussed. Since β‐galactosidase is a valuable enzyme in industry and health care, a study of its various aspects is important in industrial biotechnology and applied biochemistry.
Emotional framing of NGO press releases: Reformative versus radical NGOs
Authors: Dzhengiz Tulin , Barkemeyer Ralf , Napolitano Giulio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDrawing on the literature on framing, we explore the emotional framing differences in radical and reformative NGOs over time. We analyse the sentiment of a sample of 5880 press releases issued by five NGOs positioned differently on the reformative‐radical spectrum and examine how they address large companies. Our findings reveal an increasing polarisation of sentiment in these NGOs' framing, with individual NGOs gravitating towards ideal‐type radical or reformative positions, respectively. In alignment with the differences in their framing, we observe differences in their approaches to cross‐sector partnerships. Policymakers need to note the implications of the observed polarisation for the effectiveness and credibility of cross‐sector partnerships and multi‐stakeholder initiatives more generally, given the risk of co‐optation (for reformative NGOs) as well as the risk of foregoing significant funding and governance opportunities (for radical NGOs).
Multigene PCR using both cfDNA and cfRNA in the supernatant of pleural effusion achieves accurate and rapid detection of mutations and fusions of driver genes in patients with advanced NSCLC
Authors: Chen Xuejing , Li Kun , Liu Zichen , Gai Fei , Zhu Guanshan , Lu Shun , Che Nanying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion from patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been proved valuable for molecular analysis, especially when the tissue sample not available. However, simultaneous detection of multiple driver gene alterations especially the fusions is still challenging.MethodsIn this study, 77 patients with advanced NSCLC and pleural effusion were enrolled, 49 of whom had matched tumor tissues. Supernatants, cell sediments, and cell blocks were prepared from pleural effusion samples for detection of driver alterations by a PCR‐based 9‐gene mutation detection kit.ResultsMutations in EGFR, KRAS, and HER2 were detected in DNA and cfDNA, fusions in ALK was detected in RNA and cfRNA. Compared with matched tumor tissue, the supernatant showed the highest overall sensitivity (81.3%), with 81.5% for SNV/Indels by cfDNA and 80% for fusions by cfRNA, followed by cell blocks (71.0%) and the cell sediments (66.7%). Within the group of treatment‐naïve patients or malignant cells observed in the cell sediments, supernatant showed higher overall sensitivity (89.5% and 92.3%) with both 100% for fusions.ConclusionsCfDNA and cfRNA derived from pleural effusion supernatant have been successfully tested with a PCR‐based multigene detection kit. Pleural effusion supernatant seems a preferred material for detection of multigene alterations to guide treatment decision of advanced NSCLC.
Impact of Tween‐80 and Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Micellar‐Enhanced Ultrafiltration in Dairy Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ashok Kumar S. , Subathra K. , Srinivasan G. , Jayaraman Sundaramurthy , Gnanasekaran G. , Kanimozhi G. , Govindaradjane S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDairy industry wastewater was treated by a micellar‐enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and Tween‐80 were used as anionic and non‐ionic surfactants, respectively, along with the dairy industry wastewater sample. A deep eutectic solvent (DES) membrane was prepared by phase inversion via non‐solvent immersion precipitation. The DES (choline chloride/urea) as pore‐forming agent was synthesized and added into the casting solution at various concentrations and blended to form a membrane, using a dead‐end filtration setup. The prepared membranes were characterized to examine the presence of functional groups and the surface morphology. The permeate flux and rejection performance of the prepared membranes were investigated. The newly developed MEUF membrane is promising for the treatment of dairy effluents.
Resveratrol‐loaded nanomedicines for cancer applications
Authors: Annaji Manjusha , Poudel Ishwor , Boddu Sai H. S. , Arnold Robert D. , Tiwari Amit K. , Babu R. Jayachandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundResveratrol (3, 5, 4′‐trihydroxystilbene), a natural polyphenol and phytoalexin, has drawn considerable attention in the past decade due to its wide variety of therapeutic activities such as anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its poor water solubility, low chemical stability, and short biological half‐life limit its clinical utility.Recent findingsNanoparticles overcome the limitations associated with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, such as limited availability of drugs to the tumor tissues, high systemic exposures, and consequent toxicity to healthy tissues. This review focuses on the physicochemical properties of resveratrol, the therapeutic potential of resveratrol nano‐formulations, and the anticancer activity of resveratrol encapsulated nanoparticles on various malignancies such as skin, breast, prostate, colon, liver, ovarian, and lung cancers (focusing on both in vitro and in vivo studies).ConclusionsNanotechnology approaches have been extensively utilized to achieve higher solubility, improved oral bioavailability, enhanced stability, and controlled release of resveratrol. The resveratrol nanoparticles have markedly enhanced its anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo, thus considering it as a potential strategy to fight various cancers.
A game theory‐based route planning approach for automated vehicle collection
Authors: Hadded Mohamed , Minet Pascale , Lasgouttes Jean‐Marc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider a shared transportation system in an urban environment where human drivers collect vehicles that are no longer being used. Each driver, also called a platoon leader, is in charge of driving collected vehicles as a platoon to bring them back to some given location (e.g., an airport, a railway station). Platoon allocation and route planning for picking up and returning automated vehicles is one of the major issues of shared transportation systems that need to be addressed. In this article, we propose a coalition game approach to compute (1) the allocation of unused vehicles to a minimal number of platoons, (2) the optimized tour of each platoon, and (3) the minimum energy consumed to collect all these vehicles. In this coalition game, the players are the parked vehicles, and the coalitions are the platoons that are formed. This game, where each player joins the coalition that maximizes its payoff, converges to a stable solution. The quality of the solution obtained is evaluated with regard to three optimization criteria and its complexity is measured by the computation time required. Simulation experiments are carried out in various configurations. They show that this approach is very efficient to solve the multiobjective optimization problem considered, since it provides the optimal number of platoons in less than a second for 300 vehicles to be collected, and considerably outperforms other well‐known optimization approaches such as multiobjective particle swarm optimization and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm.
Murine Models for Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: Klopfenstein Nathan , Cassat James E. , Monteith Andrew , Miller Anderson , Drury Sydney , Skaar Eric , Serezani C. Henrique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram‐positive bacterium that colonizes almost every organ in humans and mice and is a leading cause of diseases worldwide. S. aureus infections can be challenging to treat due to widespread antibiotic resistance and their ability to cause tissue damage. The primary modes of transmission of S. aureus are via direct contact with a colonized or infected individual or invasive spread from a colonization niche in the same individual. S. aureus can cause a myriad of diseases, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis. S. aureus infection is characterized by the formation of purulent lesions known as abscesses, which are rich in live and dead neutrophils, macrophages, and surrounded by a capsule containing fibrin and collagen. Different strains of S. aureus produce varying amounts of toxins that evade and/or elicit immune responses. Therefore, animal models of S. aureus infection provide a unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of organ‐specific immune responses and modifications in the pathogen that could favor the establishment of the pathogen. With advances in in vivo imaging of fluorescent transgenic mice, combined with fluorescent/bioluminescent bacteria, we can use mouse models to better understand the immune response to these types of infections. By understanding the host and bacterial dynamics within various organ systems, we can develop therapeutics to eliminate these pathogens. This module describes in vivo mouse models of both local and systemic S. aureus infection. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 20 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Murine model of Staphylococcus aureus subcutaneous infectionAlternate Protocol: Murine tape stripping skin infection modelBasic Protocol 2: Sample collection to determine skin structure, production of inflammatory mediators, and bacterial loadBasic Protocol 3: Murine model of post‐traumatic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitisBasic Protocol 4: Intravenous infection of the retro‐orbital sinusSupport Protocol: Preparation of the bacterial inoculum
PIONEER: Pipeline for Generating High‐Quality Spectral Libraries for DIA‐MS Data
Authors: Manda Srikanth S. , Noor Zainab , Hains Peter G. , Zhong Qing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractData‐independent‐acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) is a state‐of‐the‐art proteomic technique for high‐throughput identification and quantification of peptides and proteins. Interpretation of DIA‐MS data relies on the use of a spectral library, which is optimally created from data acquired from the same samples in data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. As DIA‐MS quantification relies on the spectral libraries, having a high‐quality, non‐redundant, and comprehensive spectral library is essential. This article describes the major steps for creating a high‐quality spectral library using a combination of multiple complementary search engines. We discuss appropriate strategies to control the false discovery rate for the final spectral library as a result of merging multiple searches. © 2021 The Authors Current Protocols © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 25 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Searching DDA‐MS files with multiple search enginesBasic Protocol 2: Merging results from multiple search enginesBasic Protocol 3: Creating spectral libraries from merged resultsAlternate Protocol: Using CLI for automating tasksSupport Protocol: Creating concatenated FASTA files
OMIP 073: Analysis of human thymocyte development with a 14‐color flow cytometry panel
Authors: Bremer Sarah‐Jolan , Glau Laura , Gehbauer Christina , Boxnick Annika , Biermann Daniel , Sachweh Jörg Siegmar , Tolosa Eva , Gieras Anna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis panel was designed for the identification and detailed characterization of the different developmental steps of human thymocytes. We optimized the panel for fresh tissue in order to provide an unbiased analysis of T cell development. Accurate selection of antibodies and precise gating allow us to phenotype 14 major stages of human thymocyte development and illustrate the trajectories of T cell development from early thymic progenitors (ETP) to mature T cells that are ready to populate the periphery. The panel identifies ETPs, T‐lineage‐committed cells (TC), CD34‐positive immature single‐positive CD4 cells (ISP4 CD34+), CD34‐negative immature single‐positive CD4 cells (ISP4 CD34‐), CD45‐low early double‐positive cells (EDP CD45low), CD45‐high early double‐positive cells (EDP CD45high), late double‐positive cells (LDP), single‐positive CD4 cells (SP4), single‐positive CD8 cells (SP8), ready‐to‐egress single‐positive CD4 cells (rSP4), ready‐to‐egress single‐positive CD8 cells (rSP8), T γδ cells (Tγδ), T regulatory cells (Treg), and ready‐to‐egress T regulatory cells (rTreg). To highlight important checkpoints during T cell development, we added antibodies relevant for specific developmental steps to the panel. These include CD1a to define TCs, CD28 as a marker for ß‐selection and CD69 in combination with CD45RA to determine the maturation stage of thymocytes shortly before they become ready to egress the thymus and colonize the periphery. Moreover, Annexin V, as a marker for apoptosis, provides valuable extra information concerning the apoptotic death of thymocytes. Currently, we use this panel to identify aberrations in T cell development in health and disease.
Atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance by cytology and suspicious for cancer by Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier
Authors: Yu Run , Yang Sung‐Eun , Rao Jianyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report a case of atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance by cytology and suspicious for cancer by Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier. A 71‐year‐old male underwent thyroid ultrasound for goiter and was found to have two American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 high‐suspicion nodules. The larger, 2.2‐cm nodule was biopsied and the cytology showed atypical follicular cells and histiocytes. The Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier (detecting mRNA expression profile) result was ''suspicious'' (risk of malignancy ~50%) but Afirma Xpression Atlas (detecting specific mutations) did not find mutations in BRAF V600E, RET/PTC1, or RET/PTC3. The patient saw two endocrine surgeons and two endocrinologists who each recommended hemithyroidectomy. The patient chose to monitor the nodules. A new diagnostic ultrasound performed 3 months after the first one showed that the thyroid was significantly smaller and the previously seen nodules were no longer found. Re‐examination of the cellular smears confirmed that the cytological findings were also compatible with de Quervain's thyroiditis. This case illustrates that atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis should be in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules for cytologists, radiologists, and clinicians. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis can generate false positive results of molecular tests for indeterminate thyroid nodules.
The dynamic spatial and temporal relationships between the phalanx‐forming region and the interdigits determine digit identity in the chick limb autopod
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Fallon John F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterdigits (IDs) determine digit identity in chick limbs. They are located between the digital rays and act as secondary signaling centers downstream of sonic hedgehog to provide positional information for determining digit identity in the phalanx‐forming region (PFR). We examined the dynamic developmental mechanism by which PFR cells obtain positional information from IDs to determine the identity of individual digits in the chick hindlimb.ResultsWe identified the specific region of the IDs responsible for determining digit identity and showed that PFR cells actively receive positional information only from the posteriorly, and not the anteriorly, located IDs. We also demonstrated that digits 1, 2, and 3 are interchangeable with each other, but not with digit 4. Finally, we found that both ID4 and digital ray 4 are necessary for determining digit 4 identity.ConclusionsThe digital rays are naïve during the initial stages of their development, at which time digit identity is not determined. To determine digit identity, each PFR cell shows a unidirectional response to obtain positional information specifically from the IDs located posterior to the PFR, regardless of the signal strength from the anteriorly located IDs.
Copper Complexes of the Tetradentate N,N′‐Bis(2‐amino‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2,2′‐diaminobiphenyl Ligand
Authors: Leconte Nicolas , Berthiol Florian , Philouze Christian , Thomas Fabrice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe ligand N,N′‐bis(2‐amino‐3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐2,2′‐diaminobiphenyl was synthesized and coordinated to copper. Complex 1+ was structurally characterized, showing two deprotonated diiminobenzoquinone ligands coordinated to a single Cu(I) center. The paramagnetic complexes 1 and 12+ were generated and characterized by EPR and Vis‐NIR spectroscopy. Complex 1 exhibits an isotropic resonance at g=2.00, which is reminiscent of Cu(I) diiminosemiquinone species. The dication 12+ exhibits a metal‐based ground spin state and hence is described as a Cu(II) diiminobenzoquinone complex. Both 1 and 1+ show a NIR band (954, 980 nm) of high intensity (>20 mM−1 cm−1) assigned to ligand‐based charge transfer transitions.
European* clinical practice recommendations on opioids for chronic noncancer pain – Part 1: Role of opioids in the management of chronic noncancer pain
Authors: Häuser Winfried , Morlion Bart , Vowles Kevin E. , Bannister Kirsty , Buchser Eric , Casale Roberto , Chenot Jean‐François , Chumbley Gillian , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Dom Geert , Jutila Liisa , O'Brien Tony , Pogatzki‐Zahn Esther , Rakusa Martin , Suarez–Serrano Carmen , Tölle Thomas , Krčevski Škvarč Nevenka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) is complex. In the absence of pan‐European guidance on this issue, a position paper was commissioned by the European Pain Federation (EFIC).MethodsThe clinical practice recommendations were developed by eight scientific societies and one patient self‐help organization under the coordination of EFIC. A systematic literature search in MEDLINE (up until January 2020) was performed. Two categories of guidance are given: Evidence‐based recommendations (supported by evidence from systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or of observational studies) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) statements (supported either by indirect evidence or by case‐series, case‐control studies and clinical experience). The GRADE system was applied to move from evidence to recommendations. The recommendations and GCP statements were developed by a multiprofessional task force (including nursing, service users, physicians, physiotherapy and psychology) and formal multistep procedures to reach a set of consensus recommendations. The clinical practice recommendations were reviewed by five external reviewers from North America and Europe and were also posted for public comment.ResultsThe key clinical practice recommendations suggest: (a) first optimizing established non‐pharmacological treatments and non‐opioid analgesics and (b) considering opioid treatment if established non‐pharmacological treatments or non‐opioid analgesics are not effective and/or not tolerated and/or contraindicated. Evidence‐ and clinical consensus‐based potential indications and contraindications for opioid treatment are presented. Eighteen GCP recommendations give guidance regarding clinical evaluation, as well as opioid treatment assessment, monitoring, continuation and discontinuation.ConclusionsOpioids remain a treatment option for some selected patients with CNCP under careful surveillance.SignificanceIn chronic pain, opioids are neither a universal cure nor a universally dangerous weapon. They should only be used for some selected chronic noncancer pain syndromes if established non‐pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options have failed in supervised pain patients as part of a comprehensive, multi‐modal, multi‐disciplinary approach to treatment. In this context alone, opioid therapy can be a useful tool in achieving and maintaining an optimal level of pain control in some patients.
Spatial deformation for nonstationary extremal dependence
Authors: Richards Jordan , Wadsworth Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModeling the extremal dependence structure of spatial data is considerably easier if that structure is stationary. However, for data observed over large or complicated domains, nonstationarity will often prevail. Current methods for modeling nonstationarity in extremal dependence rely on models that are either computationally difficult to fit or require prior knowledge of covariates. Sampson and Guttorp (1992) proposed a simple technique for handling nonstationarity in spatial dependence by smoothly mapping the sampling locations of the process from the original geographical space to a latent space where stationarity can be reasonably assumed. We present an extension of this method to a spatial extremes framework by considering least squares minimization of pairwise theoretical and empirical extremal dependence measures. Along with some practical advice on applying these deformations, we provide a detailed simulation study in which we propose three spatial processes with varying degrees of nonstationarity in their extremal and central dependence structures. The methodology is applied to Australian summer temperature extremes and UK precipitation to illustrate its efficacy compared with a naive modeling approach.