bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory study of core samples. Porosity determination by different methods
Authors: Usoltseva OM , Serdyukov SV , Tsoi PA , Rybalkin LA , Semenov VN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents the series of experiments to determine porosity of coal samples using three methods: connected porosity based on the fluid saturation method, surface porosity from the surface of polished sections under ultraviolet light using Mineral-7 analyzer; total porosity by tomographic method with the MST-05 NMR relaxometer. The porosity analysis reveals that the conventional method yields essentially lower results. Correct estimation of porosity (connected and total) requires integration of the above-listed methods, with an emphasis laid on one of them depending on further applications of these characteristics.
Laboratory modeling of deformation of specimens with discontinuity under direct shear in constant normal stiffness conditions
Authors: Usoltseva OM , Tsoi PA , Semenov V. N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents tests of specimens with discontinuity made of artificial geomaterial (concrete-sand mixture) having triangular profile of surface roughness under shear loading with the boundary “constant normal stiffness” condition, with three values of normal compressive load: 0.5, 0.9 and 1.2 MPa. The patterns of deformation were determined at each stage of loading diagrams: linear, nonlinear, peak load and residual strength. The empirical dependences of the ultimate shear stress on normal stress were constructed for different values of roughness.
Reamer design variables for curved path drilling
Authors: Cheshchin DO , Danilov BB 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the algorithm for assessment of design variables for a warm reamer in curved path drilling. The value of soil deformation by the reamer casing versus its length in the curved path drilling is determined in mathematical modeling. The formula of the maximum length of the reamer casing versus the casing diameter and the guide parameters is obtained/.
Circular models of air distribution due to piston effect in subways
Authors: Lugin IV , Kiyanitsa LA , Oshchepkov TS 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Subways as places of stay of many people are imposed with higher standards of microclimate at platforms and in tunnels, including the dust criterion. To reduce dust concentrations in tunnel air to MAC values, the authors suggest installation of filters at ventilation connections nearby platforms. Aimed to find operational parameters of the filtering facilities, the authors determine the air velocities at ventilation connections. An original approach is proposed to the air distribution analysis using circular models as they considerably diminish the subway test area size without the loss of the computational accuracy and reduce the computation time.
Modernization of two-stage main fans at the end of the service life
Authors: Krasyuk AM , Lugin IV , Kosykh PV 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors analyze air velocities in the inlet of the installation composed of two-stage axial fans (aerodynamic design OV-84 of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) and in the inlet elements of the fan. It is shown that air flow is considerably nonuniform at the fan inlet, and the nonuniformity reduces in the air passage of the fan. The fan can be modernized by replacing the two-stage rotor by a high-rate single-stage rotor as per the inlet guide vanes– impeller–flow straightener design. This modification allows the required uniformity of air flow at the impeller inlet and ensures a longer service life of the rotor bearing assembly owing to considerable decrease n the weight of the rotor.
Soil improvement and mixture preparation in construction of protective cushion
Authors: Kiselev VV , Khokholov YuA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The authors discuss soil improvement and and mixture preparation for the construction of a protective cushion on the bottom of a mined-out kimberlite surface mine of ALROSA in order to extract ore reserves under the pit bottom using the mining systems with caving. The paper briefly describes overburden dumps at kimberlite surface mines, lists the main requirements for the protective cushion material, and presents the process flow chart and the machine chain for the production of the wanted mixture. The proposed technology makes it possible to prepare the mixture with the required composition and to construct the protective cushion up to enhanced safety of underground mineral mining.
Modeling separation of mineral particles in the upward flow
Authors: Matveev IA , Yakovlev BV , Eremeeva NG , Kulichkina TP 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a new tested and approved physico-mathematical model which sufficiently accurately and reliably describes the path of mineral particles in the upward flow along the inclined surface. The Mineral Dressing Laboratory at the Institute of Mining of the North has developed the separation method in the upward flow of hydraulic fluid and the high-angle concentrator design. The modeling results can be used to control separation in the working zone of the high-angle concentrator.
Study of permissible dynamic load on high-pressure gas pipe laying site in connection with blasting operations during open-pit mining
Authors: Kutuev VA , Zharikov SN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of permissible dynamic load on high-pressure gas pipe laying site of the II category located within the mining lease boundaries, in connection with carrying out blasting operations at the open-pit mine of JSC Sukholozhsktsement. The procedure of IM UrB RAS for calculating the permissible distances from the technological explosion in the mine to the protected object (gas pipeline) depending on the explosive weight in the stage, coefficient of soil conditions and permissible velocity of seismic vibrations is presented. It is found that depending on the explosion depth in the mine and using corresponding geological data, by changing the weight in the delay stage, it is possible to completely eliminate the negative effect of explosion on pipe laying area. A calculation scheme is also proposed to determine the safe distances to high-pressure gas pipeline depending on the angle of open pit side and blasting depth.
Polymer-based printed electrolytic capacitor and its circuitry application in a low pass filtering, rectifying and energy storage unit
Authors: Rokaya Chakra , Keskinen Jari , Bromels Cat , Schäffner Philipp , Küzeci Erkan , Lupo Donald 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report the fabrication of flexible, printed polymer electrolytic capacitors and their implementation in printed electronics applications such as filtering, rectification and energy harvesting and storage. Capacitors were fabricated by depositing conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate onto porous anodized aluminum foil and yielded specific capacitance of 1 µF cm−2. This is far higher than values reported for printed plate capacitors and opens up the possibility of new applications in printed electronics related to filtering and smoothing at low frequencies. In this work, we have used printed polymer electrolytic capacitors to implement a resistor capacitor first order 1.03 kHz passive low pass filter, a full wave bridge rectifier circuit and a piezo-transducer energy harvester. An integrated full wave bridge rectifier based on these devices shows an efficiency of 80.5% at 1 kHz. When integrated with a vibration-motion based flexible piezoelectric transducer, the devices are able to generate and store about 1 mJ energy, which is a sufficient amount of energy for some low power electronics applications.
Gap analysis of emergency department pharmacy services within a multistate, multihospital integrated health system
Authors: Poe Riley C J , Fouth Garrett W , Revak Ellen N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this project was to identify current emergency medicine pharmacist (EMP) practices at each site and create a plan to integrate, align, and optimize pharmacy services across the health system with established American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) best practices for EMPs.

Summary
Initially, a review was performed of the literature and guidelines from professional organizations relating to EMPs. A survey was distributed across the health system to assess EMP services at each site, and survey results were used to conduct a gap analysis, comparing current practices to established ASHP best practices. The survey identified unique components of each site, including the patient population served and EMP coverage and responsibilities. To prioritize, design, and execute the gap closure plan, a systemwide EMP workgroup was created. The workgroup formulated a toolkit to provide pharmacy leaders, pharmacy informatics, and EMPs resources to facilitate alignment on the prioritized areas.

Conclusion
This project successfully identified gaps in EMP services and alignment with best practices across the health system. Through prioritization of essential EMP responsibilities, workflow standardization, and EHR optimization, a gap closure plan was formulated to align with ASHP best practices.
Molecular and Histological Evidence Detailing Clinically Observed Skin Improvement Following Cryolipolysis
Authors: Stevens W Grant , Gould Daniel J , Pham Linda D , Jimenez Lozano Joel N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
In addition to body contouring, there is anecdotal and clinical evidence of reduced laxity caused by skin tightening after cryolipolysis. However, it has not been established how cryolipolysis triggers dermal changes.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the fundamental mechanisms behind clinically observed dermal changes by molecular and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analytical methods.

Methods
This feasibility study involved 7 subjects who received cryolipolysis treatment. Tissue samples were harvested from 3 days to 5 weeks after treatment. RNA-sequencing examined differential gene expression of major collagens. RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) investigated the distribution of 1 of the gene markers for collagen type I (COL1A1). IHC for procollagen type I, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and tropoelastin was performed and quantified.

Results
Gene expression analysis highlighted a gradual upregulation of collagen mRNA genes. RNA-ISH confirmed upregulation of COL1A1 mRNA and showed a homogeneous distribution through the dermis. IHC showed increases in protein expression. Quantification revealed a 3.62-fold increase of procollagen type I (P &lt; 0.0071), a 2.91-fold increase of TGF-β (P &lt; 0.041), a 1.54-fold increase of HSP47 (P &lt; 0.007), and a 1.57-fold increase of tropoelastin (P &lt; 0.39) compared with untreated areas.

Conclusions
This study revealed significant induction of molecular and protein markers of type I collagen, which supports neocollagenesis and may play an essential role in clinically relevant skin improvement. A dermal remodeling process driven by increased TGF-β and higher expression of HSP47 was observed. Overall, these data provide the first evidence of dermal remodeling and clarify the mechanism by which cryolipolysis may induce skin improvement.

Level of Evidence: 4
Intra-Individual Aging of the Facial Skeleton
Authors: Fourgeot Eugénie , Graillon Nicolas , Savoldelli Charles , Dessi Patrick , Adalian Pascal , Michel Justin , Radulesco Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Midface skeletal changes through aging have been conceptualized as a clockwise rotation relative to the cranial base. This finding is mainly supported by cross-sectional population studies based on comparisons between groups of individuals in different age ranges. Few papers have evaluated the intra-individual evolution of the facial skeleton, and those that have included only a limited number of patients.

Objectives
The authors sought to analyze the intra-individual evolution of the facial skeleton.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including patients who underwent 2 separate facial computed tomography scans (T1 and T2) with a minimum gap of 7 years. Employing 3-dimensional reconstructions, we measured and compared 7 facial angles (glabellar, orbital, piriform, maxillary, subdental, chin, gonial) and 6 facial distances (lacrimal crest, orbital floor, piriform, zygoma, labiomental, gnathion) on both computed tomography scans.

Results
A total of 56 patients (29 males and 27 females) were included. Mean ages at T1 and T2 were 50 and 59 y, respectively. We found a significant decrease between T1 and T2 in facial angles at the midface (glabella, orbital, piriform, and maxillary angles, all P &lt; 0.0001). We found a significant increase in all facial distances between T1 and T2 for the overall population and for men (all P &lt; 0.05). For women, all distances increased, but only piriform and zygoma distances showed significant changes (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.04, respectively). Bone remodeling appeared earlier in women.

Conclusions
Our study confirms the clockwise rotation of the midface during aging. This finding could lead to a better understanding of aesthetic medicine practices.
The Contribution of the Lower Third of the Face to Perceived Age: Do Masks Make You Appear Younger?
Authors: Nicksic Peter J , Karczewski Alison M , Zhao Qianqian , Garcia Nicholas A , Michelotti Brett F , Mahajan Ashish Y , Poore Samuel O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that changes to the midface and lower third of the face in isolation contribute significantly to one’s perception of the overall facial age. Since the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mask wearing has become commonplace. To date, there have been no studies that explore how covering the lower third of the face impacts the perception of age.

Objectives
The authors hypothesized that covering the lower third of the face with a mask will make a person appear younger.

Methods
One hundred consecutive plastic surgery patients were photographed in a standardized fashion, both masked and unmasked. A questionnaire for factors known to contribute to facial aging was administered. These photographs were randomized to 6 judges who estimated the patients’ age and also quantified facial rhytids with the validated Lemperle wrinkle assessment score of 6. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED analysis.

Results
Masked patients on average appeared 6.17% younger (mean difference = 3.16 years, P &lt; 0.0001). Wrinkle assessment scores were 9.81% lower in the masked group (mean difference = 0.21, P = 0.0003). All subgroups appeared younger in a mask except for patients aged 18 to 40 years chronological age (P = 0.0617) and patients BMI &gt; 35 (P = 0.5084).

Conclusions
The mask group appeared younger and had lower overall and visible wrinkle assessment scores when compared with the unmasked group. This has implications for our understanding of the contributions of the lower third of the face to overall perceived facial age.
Dobutamine stress echocardiography in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with concomitant severe functional mitral regurgitation: a case report
Authors: Ishizu Kenichi , Isotani Akihiro , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in classical low-flow, low-gradient (LFLG) aortic stenosis (AS) is recommended in recent guidelines to differentiate true-severe AS from pseudo-severe AS. However, DSE for patients with concomitant significant mitral regurgitation (MR) is often inaccurate or inconclusive.

Case summary
A 73-year-old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting was referred to our institution with congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe functional MR and LFLG AS. The results of DSE to determine the severity of AS were inconclusive owing to the absence of flow reserve, usually defined as stroke volume increase of ≥20%. In addition, calcium score by computed tomography scan was also inconclusive. Our heart team decided to reassess the severity of AS after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (PMVR), considering the patient’s high surgical risk. Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair was uneventful, resulting in marked reduction of MR from severe to trivial. Dobutamine stress echocardiography after PMVR revealed true-severe AS with the presence of flow reserve. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed, and the patient ambulatorily discharged.

Discussion
The coexistence of significant AS may lead to overestimation of the severity of MR, and reportedly, concomitant MR improves in the majority of patients after TAVI, especially MR of functional aetiology. However, the coexistence of significant MR often leads to inconclusive DSE results because dobutamine stress may worsen MR and fail to increase the stroke volume. In our case, DSE after PMVR was useful to diagnose the true-severe AS for the patient with LFLG AS and severe functional MR.
Bede, the Papacy, and the Emperors of Constantinople
Authors: Lin Sihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article argues that the historical writings of the Venerable Bede (d. 735) can also be used by scholars examining the political history of the Eastern Roman Empire in the seventh and eighth centuries. Although Byzantinists have increasingly drawn upon texts written in Syriac, Arabic, and other eastern languages in their scholarship, sources composed in the post-Roman West have yet to be utilised to the same extent. Bede is particularly informative for the reigns of Phocas (602–10), Constans II (641–68), and Justinian II (685–95, 705–11), three emperors who were vilified in later Greek sources. By considering the near-contemporary perspectives preserved in Bede’s Ecclesiastical History and Chronicle alongside the eastern evidence, a more nuanced understanding can be reached for these emperors’ final years. Moreover, Bede’s unique reports strengthen the view that papal history should be integrated into studies of imperial politics. The papacy emerges as a loyal partisan of Phocas in 610 and an institution linked to the growing unrest against Constans in the 660s, while in the eighth century Bede recounted that Pope Constantine gave unheeded advice to Justinian prior to his downfall. In all three cases, Bede yields new insights into the ties that bound together Rome and Constantinople, further demonstrating the utility of Latin sources for reconstructing events in the Mediterranean, even at the end of Late Antiquity.
Social Work Competencies in an Academic Medical Center: The Case of Singapore Health Services
Authors: Ow Yong Lai Meng , Goh Soo Cheng , Chew Judith Fong Hsia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2014, the Singapore Health Services (SingHealth), an academic medical center, implemented a dual-level competency framework for medical social workers; it comprises 23 behavioral descriptors and six competency clusters at the general level and 30 behavioral descriptors and six competency clusters at the advanced level. This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the experience among medical social workers with supervisory roles in the implementation of this competency framework. Findings showed that implementation of the competency framework lifted professional standards and image of the profession. The competency framework also helped foster stronger networks, trust, and partnerships among SingHealth organizations. Contextual features that influenced its implementation were as follows: workforce capacity and capability, management support, opportunities, training road maps, and staff’s personal life stage. Operationalizing terms used in the competency framework and specifying the validity period of each competency domain within the framework were found to be crucial to its implementation.
Early-Life Exposure to Antibiotics and Risk for Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Danish Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Mark-Christensen Anders , Lange Aksel , Erichsen Rune , Frøslev Trine , Esen Buket Öztürk , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Early-life antibiotic use can alter the intestinal flora and modify the risk of developing Crohn disease (CD), but rigorous epidemiological evidence is limited, with inconsistent results.

Methods
We identified all children born in Denmark from 1995 to 2009 and followed them from birth until death, emigration, a diagnosis of CD, or January 1, 2013. Using Cox regression, we assessed the association between antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and subsequent risk for CD, adjusting for sex, degree of urbanization, birth order, birth year, route of delivery, gestational age, smoking during pregnancy, intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the first year of life, and family history of CD.

Results
During a median 9.5 years (9.3 million total person-years), CD was diagnosed in 208 of 979,039 children. Antibiotic use in the first year of life was associated with a higher risk of CD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.8), with the highest risk with ≥6 courses of antibiotics (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.0-8.5). A family history of CD did not modify these risk associations. The cumulative risk of CD at the 11th birthday for children exposed to antibiotics in their first year of life was 0.16‰ (95% CI, 0.11‰–0.22‰) compared to 0.11‰ (95% CI, 0.08‰–0.15‰) for children unexposed to antibiotics in their first year of life.

Conclusions
Antibiotic use in the first year of life is associated with a modestly increased risk for CD, although the absolute risk is very low.
Optimal control problem for fractional stochastic delayed systems with noninstantaneous impulses
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Upadhyay Anjali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the existence of a solution for a class of fractional delayed stochastic differential equations with noninstantaneous impulses and fractional Brownian motion (fBm). Utilizing the theory of fractional calculus, stochastic integrals for fBm and fixed-point technique, we obtain the solvability result for the considered system. Next, we formulate a fractional stochastic optimal control problem for the infinite delayed impulsive system. Finally, the existence of an optimal state-control pair is established using the Balder Theorem. An example is also constructed that exhibits the efficiency of our results.
Isoperiodic Dynamics in Rank 1 Affine Invariant Orbifolds
Authors: Ygouf Florent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLet ${\mathcal {M}}$ be a rank 1 affine invariant orbifold in a stratum of the moduli space of flat surfaces. We show that the leaves of the ${\mathcal {M}}$-isoperiodic foliation are either all closed or all dense. In the 2nd case, we establish ergodicity of the foliation with respect to the affine measure on ${\mathcal {M}}$.