bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of fibroblast growth factor 21 in the control of depression‐like behaviours after social defeat stress in male rodents
Authors: Usui Naoki , Yoshida Masahide , Takayanagi Yuki , Nasanbuyan Naranbat , Inutsuka Ayumu , Kurosu Hiroshi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Mori Yoshiyuki , Kuro‐o Makoto , Onaka Tatsushi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) modulates energy metabolism and neuroendocrine stress responses. FGF21 synthesis is increased after environmental or metabolic challenges. Detailed roles of FGF21 in the control of behavioural disturbances under stressful conditions remain to be clarified. Here, we examined the roles of FGF21 in the control of behavioural changes after social defeat stress in male rodents. Central administration of FGF21 increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive catecholaminergic cells expressing c‐Fos protein, an activity marker of neurones, in the nucleus tractus solitarius and area postrema. Double in situ hybridisation showed that some catecholaminergic neurones in the dorsal medulla oblongata expressed β‐Klotho, an essential co‐receptor for FGF21, in male mice. Social defeat stress increased FGF21 concentrations in the plasma of male mice. FGF21‐deficient male mice showed social avoidance in a social avoidance test with C57BL/6J mice (background strain of FGF21‐deficient mice) and augmented immobility behaviour in a forced swimming test after social defeat stress. On the other hand, overexpression of FGF21 by adeno‐associated virus vectors did not significantly change behaviours either in wild‐type male mice or FGF21‐deficient male mice. The present data are consistent with the view that endogenous FGF21, possibly during the developmental period, has an inhibitory action on stress‐induced depression‐like behaviour in male rodents.
Naming, blaming, claiming: an interview with Bill Felstiner, Rick Abel, and Austin Sarat
Authors: OLESEN ANNETTE , HAMMERSLEV OLE 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the most cited and influential socio‐legal articles is Bill Felstiner, Rick Abel, and Austin Sarat's ‘The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming …’, published in 1981. Forty years later, the notions and framework of the article are still highly relevant. We convened Felstiner, Abel, and Sarat for an interview about the background to their article, its reception, and how they view the recent refocus on institutions with respect to the rule of law. The interview follows three narratives. First, it explores the social relation between the authors and the academic and political context from which the article emerged. Second, it addresses questions about the societal impact of research. Third, it points to ways in which we, today, attempt to create access to official channels for problem solving and conflict resolution as well as to new technologies affecting the infrastructure of naming, blaming, and claiming with respect to justiciable problems.
Religion Data from Australia's 2016 Census: The Case of Judaism with Broader Implications for Comparisons with Earlier Census Results
Authors: Graham David J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe number of people reporting “Judaism” in Australia's 2016 Census was 6.5 percent lower than the previous census in 2011. Following a long period of growth, this Jewish population contraction represented an unprecedented turnaround in Jewish demographic fortunes, of concern to Jewish community leaders and service providers alike. However, a detailed examination of multiple data sources indicates this conclusion is incorrect. Rather, the size of Australia's Jewish population remained relatively stable over this period and the apparent contraction can be attributed to changes in the census’ religion question and highly publicized concerns about data privacy in the run‐up to the troubled 2016 Census, culminating in attempted sabotage of the online instrument. These findings may have wider implications for the comparison of 2016 Census data on religion with earlier census data relating to other groups including “No religion.”
Transforming geographies: Performing Indigenous‐Māori ontologies and ethics of more‐than‐human care in an era of ecological emergency
Authors: Yates Amanda Monehu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how spatial governance models oriented to the well‐being of the more‐than‐human might better enable Indigenous peoples' capacity to live‐well‐with and care for our more‐than‐human whanaunga (kin). The discussion positions Indigenous more‐than‐human ontologies as a cultural framework that supplants human‐centrism with a focus on holistic ecological well‐being. The paper considers how a culture of holistic ecological well‐being might be spatially emplaced through well‐being‐led planning tools that ground these ontologies in neighbourhoods, cities and wider afield. Currently settler‐colonial spatial governance and planning structures hold dominion in Aotearoa New Zealand, inscribing cultural territories fundamentally other to Indigenous norms. Yet the country's Te Tiriti o Waitangi contracts for tino rangatiratanga (Māori sovereignty), and to meet the Tiriti it is imperative that current spatial governance approaches swiftly converge with Indigenous ethical practices for mauri ora holistic well‐being. There is much at stake. The Petrocene—our current era of ecological breakdown, accelerated by a rapacious petrocapitalism—is a time of mass death of our more‐than‐human whanaunga (kin).
Provider perceptions and practices for appearance‐related psychosocial distress caused by dermatologic disease in children
Authors: Chen Vivien , Bellodi Schmidt Fernanda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesDifferences in appearance are often stigmatized in society, and dermatologic disease can lead to psychological and social sequelae that significantly impact patient quality of life. However, discrepancy between patient‐reported and physician‐assessed psychological distress raises a question of how clinicians are prepared in recognizing and managing the psychosocial impact of a child's skin condition. We aim to identify current practices among healthcare providers toward properly addressing appearance‐related psychosocial distress in pediatric dermatology patients.MethodsSurveys assessing provider attitude and practices to appearance‐related distress were distributed to members of the Society of Pediatric Dermatology via the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance, and Florida Chapter of American Academy of Pediatrics.ResultsOver half of respondents report encountering appearance‐related psychosocial distress on a daily basis and believe screening to be important. However, only 14% use a validated screening tool and 18% screen all patients. Major obstacles to generalized screening were limited time and staffing. Self‐reported knowledge and management of appearance‐related psychosocial distress includes direct counseling and referrals to local support groups, mental health providers, specialized summer camps, and school‐affiliated resources. Nevertheless, 86% expressed interest in learning more about appearance‐related psychosocial distress, particularly about patient education and resources.ConclusionsAlthough clinicians frequently encounter appearance‐related distress with pediatric dermatology patients, screening is selective and lacks standardization. Self‐reported knowledge and management is comprehensive, but there is a need for increased training in patient education and resources.
Feminist curiosity
Authors: Zurn Perry 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat is feminist curiosity? Or better yet, how is feminist curiosity practiced, where is it practiced, and with whom is it practiced? In this essay, I develop a philosophical account of feminist curiosity by drawing on direct contributions from the feminist philosophical tradition, but also by interweaving scattered testaments to feminist curiosity from critical race theory, intersex studies, disability studies, and trans studies. What surfaces in this inquiry is an account of feminist curiosity that goes far beyond the act of asking feminist questions. Feminist curiosity proper, I suggest, reconfigures not simply what gets asked, but with whom, where, and how inquiry happens. Feminist curiosity is rooted in companionship (with self and others), reorients time (a visionary future, but also a material past and present), and resists oppressive forms of inquiry such as spectacularization and the presumptions of access. As such, feminist curiosity is committed not only to a relational world but to a relational investigation of that world.
EEG evidence for enhanced attentional performance during moderate‐intensity exercise
Authors: Dodwell Gordon , Liesefeld Heinrich R. , Conci Markus , Müller Hermann J. , Töllner Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch on attentional control within real‐world contexts has become substantially more feasible and thus frequent over the past decade. However, relatively little is known regarding how these processes may be influenced by common naturalistic behaviors such as engaging in physical activity, which is thought to modulate the availability of neurometabolic resources. Here, we used an event‐related potential (ERP) approach to determine whether various intensities of aerobic exercise might affect the concurrent performance of attentional control mechanisms. Participants performed an additional‐singleton visual search task across three levels of aerobic activity while seated on a stationary bicycle: at rest, during moderate‐intensity exercise, and during vigorous‐intensity exercise. In addition to behavioral measures, attentional processing was assessed via lateralized ERPs referencing target selection (PCN) and distractor suppression (PD) mechanisms. Whereas engaging in exercise resulted in speeded response times overall, moderate‐intensity exercise was found to uniquely eliminate the expression of distractor interference by the PCN while also giving rise to an unanticipated distractor‐elicited Ppc. These findings demonstrate workload‐specific and object‐selective influences of aerobic exercise on attentional processing, providing insights not only for approaching attention in real‐world contexts but also for understanding how attentional resources are used overall.
Orchestrating private investors for development: How the World Bank revitalizes
Authors: Heldt Eugenia C. , Dörfler Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConfronted with a new wave of criticism on the in effectiveness of its development programs, the World Bank embarked on a revitalization process, turning to private investors to finance International Development Association projects and widening its mandate. To explain these adaptation strategies of the World Bank to regain relevance, this piece draws on organizational ecology and orchestration scholarship. We contend that international organizations rely on two adaptation mechanisms, orchestration and scope expansion, when they lose their role as focal actors in an issue area. We find that the World Bank has indeed lost market share and has relied on these two mechanisms to revitalize itself. We show that the World Bank responded to changes in the environment by orchestrating a private sector‐oriented capital increase, prioritizing private funding for development through a “cascade approach,” and expanding the scope of its mandate into adjacent domains of transnational governance, including climate change and global health.
Beyond opportunism: Intermediary loyalty in regulation and governance
Authors: Abbott Kenneth W. , Genschel Philipp , Snidal Duncan , Zangl Bernhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRegulators and other governors rely on intermediaries to set and implement policies and to regulate targets. Existing literatures focus heavily on intermediaries of a single type – Opportunists, motivated solely by self‐interest. But intermediaries can also be motivated by different types of loyalty: to leaders (Vassals), to policies (Zealots), or to institutions (Mandarins). While all three types of loyalists are resistant to the traditional problems of opportunism (slacking and capture), each brings pathologies of its own. We explain the behavioral logic of each type of loyalty and analyze the risks and rewards of different intermediary loyalties – both for governors and for the public interest. We illustrate our claims with examples drawn from many different realms of regulation and governance.
Morphological controls on delta‐canyon‐fan systems: Insights from stratigraphic forward models
Authors: Wan Li , Bianchi Valeria , Hurter Suzanne , Salles Tristan , Zhang Zhijie , Yuan Xuanjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMorphology is one of the principal driving forces governing the sedimentology and evolution of delta‐canyon‐fan systems. However, quantified and systematic studies of morphological controls are still very limited. This study applied hydraulic‐based stratigraphic forward modelling to investigate the impacts of morphological parameters on sediment budget partitioning and channel network of delta‐canyon‐fan systems on passive margins. A total of six sets of stratigraphic forward models are built using 47 initial bathymetries with six varying morphological parameters: shelf gradient; shelf width; slope gradient; canyon sinuosity; canyon depth; and basin gradient. The quantified relationships between morphological parameters and sedimentological parameters (dimensions, deposition/erosion volume/area, number of tributaries and slope channels) are investigated. The causes behind the relationships are explored by analyzing the response of qualified sedimentary features to morphological controls, such as grain‐size distribution, channel migration and sequence stratigraphic frame. The results suggest that low shelf gradient, low shelf width, high canyon gradient and low canyon sinuosity are beneficial for sediment budget partitioning into deep basins and turbidity currents to flow inside canyons. Low canyon depth also promotes sediment delivery but results in more channels on canyon flanks. For the delta, channel lateral migration increases then decreases with increasing shelf gradient due to the gradient threshold in determining channel sinuosity; delta size increases then stops increasing with increasing shelf width due to the shelf width threshold in determining the balance between accommodation and sediment supply. For the canyon, low canyon gradient, high canyon sinuosity and low canyon depth have similar effects on canyons, all resulting in significant channel translation and canyon widening but less canyon head retrogradation. This study improves the knowledge of controlling factors and sediment transport regime of a delta–canyon–fan system. Moreover, the observed relationships could provide semi‐quantitative guidelines to predict the dimensions of delta–canyon–fan systems and the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
GP.MOT: A novel glycophorin variant identified in a Japanese blood donor
Authors: Oda Akira , Suzuki Yumi , Isa Kazumi , Ogasawara Kenichi , Yabe Ryuichi , Kimura Takafumi , Uchikawa Makoto , Tsuno Nelson Hirokazu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we identified a novel glycophorin variant (GP.MOT) in a Mia‐positive Japanese blood donor. The proband with this glycophorin variant was discovered by antigen screening of samples from 475,493 Japanese blood donors using monoclonal anti‐Mia.Study design and methodsStandard serological techniques and flow cytometry were performed. GP.MOT RBCs were examined by immunoblotting using anti‐GPA, anti‐MUT or anti‐Mur. Genome DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the GYPA/GYPB was analyzed by polymerase chain reactions and Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe MNS blood group of the proband was M + N + wS‐s + with the presence of other low‐frequency antigens including Mia, Mur, MUT, and KIPP. A 43‐kDa molecule, which is almost equivalent in size to glycophorin A (GPA), was identified by immunoblotting using monoclonal anti‐MUT and anti‐Mur. Sanger sequencing clearly indicated that the proband had two different GYPA*M alleles at SNP rs62334651 (GYPA*M232 + 55A and GYPA*M232 + 55G), as well as a GYP(B‐A) hybrid allele (GYP*MOT) with breakpoints located on pseudoexon 3 of GYPB from c.210 to c.219.DiscussionWe identified a hybrid glycophorin GP.MOT with the deduced unique amino acid sequence GPB (20–45)‐GPΨB (46–70)‐GPA (71–149), which has not been previously reported.
Association of neurologic signs with high‐field MRI findings in 100 dogs with osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Bonelli Marília de Albuquerque , da Costa Luciana Bignardi de Soares Brisola Casimiro , da Costa Ronaldo Casimiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough osseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OA‐CSM) findings have been well described using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there are no large‐scale published studies on the associations between dog size, age, high‐field MRI and neurologic findings. Using a retrospective, observational study design, we aimed to investigate an association between neurologic and high‐field MRI characteristics in OA‐CSM. Records were reviewed for dogs diagnosed with OA‐CSM using high‐field MRI. One‐hundred dogs were included: 73/100 (73%) were giant breeds, 27/100 (27%) large breeds. Mean and median ages were, respectively, 3.1 and 2 years (0.3–9.75 years), with 2.6 and 2 years for giant‐breed; and 4.4 and 4 years for large‐breed dogs. The majority of dogs were male (75%) with chronic presentation (89%), more than one site of spinal cord compression (78%) and foraminal stenosis (91%). Dogs with multiples sites of spinal cord compression were more likely to have severe spinal cord compression (p < 0.001), severe foraminal stenosis (p < 0.001) and ligamentum flavum/soft tissue proliferation (p = 0.03) than those with a single compressive site. There was a weak correlation between neurologic grade and severity of spinal cord compression (r = 0.27; p = 0.007), number of affected sites (r = 0.24; p = 0.0183) and spinal cord T2W hyperintensity (r = 0.24; p = 0.0152). Intervertebral disc degeneration was seen in 80% of dogs. Age did not appear to have a prominent role in the manifestation of OA‐CSM. This study showed that OA‐CSM affects a sizeable proportion of young large‐breed, in addition to giant‐breed dogs.
Numerical Investigation of Spinal Cord Injury After Flexion-Distraction Injuries at the Cervical Spine
Authors: Beauséjour Marie-Hélène , Wagnac Eric , Arnoux Pierre-Jean , Thiong Jean-Marc Mac , Petit Yvan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlexion-distraction injuries frequently cause traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Post-traumatic instability can cause aggravation of the secondary SCI during patient care. However, there is little information on how the pattern of disco-ligamentous injury affects the SCI severity and mechanism. This study objective was to analyze how posterior disco-ligamentous injuries affect spinal cord compression and stress and strain patterns in the spinal cord during post-traumatic flexion and extension. A cervical spine finite element model including the spinal cord was used and different combinations of partial or complete intervertebral disc (IVD) rupture and disruption of various posterior ligaments were modeled at C4–C5, C5–C6, or C6–C7. In flexion, complete IVD rupture combined with posterior ligamentous complex rupture was the most severe injury leading to the highest von Mises stress (47–66 kPa), principal strains p1 (0.32–0.41 in white matter) and p3 (−0.78 to −0.96 in white matter) in the spinal cord and the highest spinal cord compression (35–48%). The main post-trauma SCI mechanism was identified as the compression of the anterior white matter at the injured level combined with distraction of the posterior spinal cord during flexion. There was also a concentration of the maximum stresses in the gray matter during post-traumatic flexion. Finally, in extension, the injuries tested had little impact on the spinal cord. The capsular ligament was the most important structure to protect the spinal cord. Its status should be carefully examined during the patient's management.
Definition and Validation of Cavitating Rocket Turbopump Transmission Matrices for Modular Multi Actuator Disk Approach
Authors: Sales Luca , Pasini Angelo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cavitation-induced instabilities are a critical issue to face in the design process of rocket turbopumps, and reduced-order linear methods still represent a powerful tool to evaluate their onset. The modular multi-actuator disk approach is a successful method developed to study the dynamic behavior of compressors. Recently, it has also been proposed for the assessment of the dynamics of cavitating turbopumps. In this paper, the modular multiactuator disk approach was used as the mathematical framework to implement and validate a well-established model of a cavitating inducer developed in the 90 s for the assessment of azimuthal instabilities with a particular focus on rotating cavitation. The matching between the obtained results and the available data in the open literature for a tapered inducer validated the dynamic model of the cavitating inducer implemented in the new mathematical framework. The flexibility introduced by the new modular approach represents a step toward the study of complex hydrodynamic systems that are not limited to the simplified configuration studied by the actuator disk model proposed in the 1990s.
On Offset Placement of a Compound Droplet in a Channel Flow
Authors: Mahato Jagannath , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar , Chandraker Dinesh Kumar , Lakkaraju Rajaram 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We have investigated the dynamics of a simple and a compound droplet separately passing through a two-dimensional Poiseuille channel flow by using the volume-of-fluids method under low Reynolds numbers (Re=1). A simple droplet while passing through the channel shows an elongation in shape in the streamwise direction and compression in the transverse direction. A round symmetric droplet evolves into a pear-like shape with time, if it is released at an off-centre to the channel mid-line. If a compound droplet (which consists of a thin shell separating an inner fluid zone from an outer fluid zone) is released in the channel either at the mid-line or with an offset, we observed the round shape evolves into a slipper-like shape. The inner droplet breaks away from the outer one within a short period. A detailed study of droplet deformation and its breakup has been carried out for different fluid properties and the compound droplet size ratios, and we found the lateral migration is high for the compound droplets when compared to the simple droplets. We also observed that the break time of the compound droplet decreases with the increase in the offset release location exponentially.