bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Corneal Epithelial Remodeling After Intracorneal Ring Segment Procedures for Keratoconus: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: David Clémentine , Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Kallel Sofiene , Vida Ryan S. , Goemaere Isabelle , Cuyaubère Roxane , Borderie Marie , Laroche Laurent , Borderie Vincent , Bouheraoua Nacim 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:
To assess epithelial corneal remodeling by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation in keratoconic eyes.

METHODS:
This prospective observational study included patients with keratoconus receiving ICRS of different arc lengths according to their tomographic pattern. AS-OCT and corneal topography (Scheimpflug camera) were performed before and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Corneal pachymetry mapping was performed and total corneal and epithelial thicknesses (3-mm central and 16 points on 6-mm zone) were measured over the pupil center using AS-OCT. Topographic parameters were also assessed.

RESULTS:

A total of 68 keratoconic eyes were analyzed (Amsler-Krumeich stages 1 to 4) in four groups of 17 eyes: 210° ICRS, 320° ICRS, double 160° ICRS, and single 160° ICRS. Corneal pachymetry mapping revealed that epithelial thickness increased significantly in the internal zones juxtaposed to the ICRS without smoothing during the postoperative period (
P
< .05). Mean maximum epithelial thickness increased from 67 ± 6 to 79 ± 7 µm for 210° ICRS, 66 ± 9 to 82 ± 4 µm for 320° ICRS, 63 ± 6 to 78 ± 7 µm for double 160° ICRS, and 62 ± 5 to 77 ± 5 µm for single 160° ICRS (
P
< .0001). Significant epithelial thickening at the apex of the cone was observed in all groups (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant epithelial thickening occurs after ICRS implantation adjacent to the ICRS to compensate for the ridge created with a thickening of epithelium over the cone due to regularization of the stromal surface.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(6):404–413.]
Factors Predicting the Need for Re-treatment After Laser Refractive Surgery in Patients With High Astigmatism: A Large Database Analysis
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Kaiserman Igor , Spierer Ronen , Spierer Oriel , Rabina Gilad , Varssano David , Sorkin Nir 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:
To identify the potential risk factors that increase the likelihood of requiring re-treatment following refractive surgery in patients with high astigmatism (3.00 diopters or greater).

METHODS:
This retrospective study included patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) between January 2005 and December 2019 at the Care-Vision Laser Centers, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Patients with high astigmatism (3.00 diopters or greater) were included and divided into two groups according to whether or not they underwent additional refractive surgery (re-treatment) during the study period.

RESULTS:

Overall, 2,024 eyes (2,024 patients) were included in the final analysis of this study. In total, 3.1% of the eyes (n = 63) underwent re-treatment. Throughout the study period, there was a significant reduction in the 2-year annual re-treatment rates, with a decline from 7.0% for primary surgeries performed in 2005 to 0.0% for primary surgeries performed in 2017 (
r
=−0.65,
P
= .015). The re-treatment group had significantly older preoperative age. They were also more likely to be male and have preoperative against-the-rule astigmatism and preoperative mixed astigmatism. Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative age, male gender, mixed astigmatism, and earlier year of surgery were all associated with higher re-treatment rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
The following factors are associated with higher rates of re-treatment in patients with high astigmatism: older preoperative age, male gender, and mixed astigmatism. These factors may be incorporated into nomograms to reduce future re-treatment rates in this population.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(6):366–371.]
Intraocular Lens Refractive Index and Its Impact on External Surface Reflections
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Kim Jaeryung , Petrelli Myrsini , Grentzelos Michael A. , Hashemi Kattayoon , Wagnières Georges 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:
To determine and compare the origin of the external surface reflections produced by commonly used intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:
The specular reflection taking place at the anterior surface of eight types of IOLs (IOL power = 22.00 diopters [D]) with different refractive indices (RIs), optical design, and ultraviolet and blue light-filtering function were measured. The experimental set-up included a laser beam light source (3.5 mW, 532 nm) and a saline-filled model eye containing the IOL to be examined. External surface reflections were measured using a power meter, and the IOL surface reflectance (%) was compared among the eight IOLs investigated.

RESULTS:
External reflections from the anterior surface of the studied implants increased as the RI of the IOL material increased. The IOL models composed of high RI material (RI = 1.56 ± 0.02) were found to have a more than threefold higher external surface reflections compared to those with low RI (RI = 1.45 ± 0.02). Ultraviolet or blue light-filtering functions showed no significant correlation with the external reflectance.

CONCLUSIONS:
IOLs with a high RI are associated with external surface reflections that are more than threefold higher than those with lower RI. The “cat's eye” phenomenon seen in pseudophakic eyes by an outside observer strongly depends on the RI, but is independent of the filter incorporated in the IOL.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(6):398–402.]
Il sistema di sorveglianza dell’antibiotico resistenza AR-ISS: uno strumento efficace per migliorare la gestione degli antibiotici
Authors: Pantaleo E. , Gamalero E. , Leli C. , Rocchetti A. 
Published: June 2021

Obiettivi: analizzare i dati di resistenza agli antibiotici raccolti dal Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia dell'Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo di Alessandria per gli anni 2019 e 2020. Metodi: negli ultimi decenni, l’antibiotico resistenza è aumentata a livello globale, diventando una delle maggiori sfide per la salute pubblica dei giorni nostri. Il fenomeno attualmente è inserito nella lista dell’Unione Europea dei problemi sanitari speciali ed è monitorato tramite il sistema di sorveglianza EARSNet. In Italia, il sistema di sorveglianza dell’antibiotico resistenza AR-ISS, coordinato dall'Istituto Superiore di Sanità, è uno strumento essenziale per studiare e descrivere la comparsa e la diffusione del fenomeno. Il sistema di si basa su una rete di laboratori ospedalieri presenti su tutto il territorio nazionale, che inviano dati di routine sulla suscettibilità agli antibiotici per patogeni selezionati da infezioni invasive. In questo lavoro, nell'ambito della rete AR-ISS, vengono presentati i report di sorveglianza annuali 2019 e 2020 dell'Azienda Ospedaliera di Alessandria tramite statistiche riassuntive ed istogrammi. Risultati: sono state analizzate le specie batteriche sotto sorveglianza e i dati del 2020 confrontati con quelli del 2019. Inoltre, viene valutata la tendenza europea ed italiana del quinquennio 2015-2019 per quattro combinazioni farmaco/batterio. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta a possibili previsioni di resistenza agli antibiotici. Conclusioni: i programmi di sorveglianza forniscono informazioni attuali e storiche indispensabili per una corretta stewardship antibiotica; inoltre, possibili previsioni future della resistenza agli antibiotici potrebbero essere utili per guidare le decisioni sulle strategie di mitigazione.
Ivermectin as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients
Authors: Niaee Morteza Shakhsi , Namdar Peyman , Allami Abbas , Zolghadr Leila , Javadi Amir , Karampour Amin , Varnaseri Mehran , Bijani Behzad , Cheraghi Fatemeh , Naderi Yazdan , Amini Fatemeh , Karamyan Masoumeh , YadYad Mohammad Jafar , Jamshidian Ramin , Gheibi Nematollah 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
To evaluate different doses of ivermectin in adult patients with mild COVID-19 and to evaluate the effect of ivermectin on mortality and clinical consequences.

Methods:
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was performed at five hospitals. A total of 180 mild hospitalized patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR or chest image tests were enrolled and allocated to six arms including hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice per day, placebo plus hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice per day, single dose ivermectin (200 μg/kg), three low interval doses of ivermectin (200, 200, 200 μg/kg), single dose ivermectin (400 μg/kg), and three high interval doses of ivermectin (400, 200, 200 μg/kg). The primary endpoint of this trial was all-cause of mortality or clinical recovery. The radiographic findings, hospitalization and low O2 saturation duration, and hematological variables of blood samples were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 16.7% (5/30) and 20.0% (6/30) patients died in arms treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice per day and placebo plus hydroxychloroquine 200 mg twice per day, respectively, and a reduction in mortality rate in patients receiving ivermectin treatment to 0%, 10%, 0% and 3.3% for arms 1-4 were observed. Risk of mortality was also decreased about 15% in the ivermectin treated arms.

Conclusions:
Ivermectin as an adjunct reduces the rate of mortality, time of low O2 saturation, and duration of hospitalization in adult COVID-19 patients. The improvement of other clinical parameters shows that ivermectin, with a wide margin of safety, had a high therapeutic effect on COVID-19.
Oral Itraconazole and Topical Eberconazole Therapy in the Treatment of Tinea Cruris and Corporis
Authors: Saple Dattatray G. , Save Sushrut , Tambe Swagata Arvind 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Dermatophytosis is a common fungal infection in India. In recent times, there has been a change in the course of the disease with an increase in the number of chronic, widespread, and recurrent cases.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study is to (1) To study the clinical efficacy of itraconazole as a monotherapy in the treatment of tinea cruris and corporis and (2) To study the predictors of noncompliance to treatment in recurrence of infection.

Methods:
The current study was an unblinded prospective study conducted at a private clinic on 100 randomly selected patients, with a clinical and mycological diagnosis of tinea cruris and corporis. A detailed history was taken regarding the total duration of disease, duration of previous therapy, causes of noncompliance to previous treatmentand associated comorbidities after obtaining informed consent. The patients were put on a regime of oral itraconazole 100 mg twice daily and topical eberconazole twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were followed up at 2, 6, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 22. using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
In our study, the mean age of the participants was 38 years, with the male: female ratio being 2.15:1. Only nine patients were treatment naïve, whereas 91 had received treatment previously. Most common factor responsible for discontinuation of therapy was partial relief which was mistaken as cure by the patient. Clinical cure rate at 2, 6, and 12 weeks was 38%, 68%, and 83%, respectively. Mycological cure rate at 2, 6, and 12 weeks was 56%, 81%, and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion:
itraconazole 100 mg twice daily is an effective and safe treatment for tinea cruris and corporis. Improving the patient's compliance and treatment adherence enhances the rate of clinical as well as mycological cure and avoids recurrences.
Assessing the results of anophthalmic prostheses
Authors: Vardizer Yoav , Sobeh Tamer , Prat Daphna Landau , Simon Guy J Ben , Tomkins-Netzer Oren 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Anophthalmic sockets cause disfigurement that may result in emotional and social distress. The choice of procedure and implant is based upon the surgeon’s experience. There remains no standardization of cosmetic result. We sought to identify quantifiable anatomical features and functional properties related to a successful cosmetic result in patients with ocular prosthesis and to determine correlations between self-reported and third-party assessment of cosmetic success.

Methods:
This was a prospective observational study, which included 107 adult patients (50.1% female; age 53.08 ± 18.64 years, range 18–89) with acquired anophthalmia following prosthesis fitting. Patients completed a self-assessment questionnaire on self-perception of body image and ocular properties. Three independent examiners assessed cosmetic score. Assessed variables included prosthesis movement, eyelid symmetry, prosthesis stability, and socket fullness.

Results:
The general cosmetic result was 8.1 ± 2.19 (on a predetermined scale of 1–10) as perceived by the patients and 7.2 ± 0.19 by the examiners. Interexaminer correlation was high for all variables (P < 0.05). A good cosmetic result was correlated with prosthesis movement (P = 0.02), eyelid symmetry (P = 0.001), and prosthesis stability (P = 0.01). Factors that correlated with a good cosmetic result on multivariate analysis were prosthesis movement (odds ratio [OR] 4.95, P = 0.004), eyelid symmetry (OR 4.51, P = 0.006), and socket fullness (OR 3.56, P = 0.005). No correlation was observed between patients’ perceptions of the overall cosmetic result and those of the examiners.

Conclusion:
The cosmetic result of prosthesis use among anophthalmic patients is generally good, as perceived by both patients and examiners. Good eyelid position and symmetry, orbital fullness, and prosthesis motility were associated with a better cosmetic result.
Cataract surgery in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Chatterjee Samrat , Agrawal Deepshikha , Agrawal Deepanshu , Parchand Swapnil M , Sahu Anupam 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate visual outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods:
This retrospective case series includes a review of the medical records of all patients with retinitis pigmentosa undergoing cataract surgery between 2005 and 2018. The primary outcome measure was corrected distant visual acuity and change in vision impairment after surgery.

Results:
Of the 103 (132) patients, 60 (58.3%) were men and 43 (41.7%) were women. The mean age of the study population was 51.3 ± 11.3 (22–74) years. The mean symptom duration was 35.4 ± 44.5 (1–300) months. The most common morphology of cataracts was a combination of nuclear sclerosis, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataract (n = 65 eyes, 49.3%). Phacoemulsification (87 eyes, 65.9%) was the preferred surgical technique. The mean preoperative corrected distant visual acuity of 1.21 ± 0.87 log MAR units improved significantly (P < 0.001) to 0.60 ± 0.56 log MAR units after surgery. The number of blind patients reduced from 27 (26.2%) to 8 (7.8%) patients. Zonular dialysis and posterior capsule tear were seen in six (4.5%) eyes each. Good preoperative vision (odds ratio: 6.1 [95% confidence interval: 2.9–13.0], P < 0.0001) was associated with better outcome, wheras reduced central macular thickness (odds ratio: 3.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.3–9.2], P = 0.011) was associated with poor outcome.

Conclusion:
A considerable number of patients presented with advanced cataracts and severe vision impairment. Significant improvement in visual acuity and alleviation of vision impairment was seen after surgery, with few complications. Good preoperative visual acuity predicted a good outcome, whereas macular thinning predicted a poor outcome.
Systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio levels are associated with keratoconus
Authors: Elbeyli Ahmet , Kurtul Bengi Ece 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to assess the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with keratoconus (KC).

Methods:
A total of 42 patients with KC (KC group) and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included into this cross sectional study. Complete blood count parameters were assayed. SII, NLR, red cell distribution width (RDW), and PLR values were calculated. The SII value was calculated as follows: platelet count × (neutrophil/lymphocyte).

Results:
SII, NLR, RDW, and PLR values were significantly higher in KC group compared to control group [709 ± 236 vs. 418 ± 117 (P < 0.001), 2.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.76 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001), 14.3 ± 1.6% vs. 12.9 ± 0.54% (P < 0.001), and 143 ± 36 vs. 106 ± 23 (P < 0.001), respectively]. Using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to predict KC, the highest area under the curve (AUC) was determined SII (0.846 for SII, 0.778 for NLR, and 0.796 for PLR).

Conclusion:
SII, NLR, RDW, and PLR levels were significantly increased in patients with KC. This study supports the idea that several inflammatory pathways may play important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. SII may be much better marker than NLR and PLR for predicting the inflammatory status of the disease.
Incidence and causes of negative dysphotopsia after uncomplicated cataract surgery – A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Kalia Sonal , Chouhan Jugal Kishor 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to find incidence of negative dysphotopsia (ND) in eyes undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification and identify its causes including corneal wound hydration and type of intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods:
In this randomized clinical trial, consenting adult patients undergoing phacoemulsification were randomized to receive a hydrophobic (Alcon Acrysof® SN60WF) or a hydrophilic acrylic IOL (CT Asphina® 603P, Carl Zeiss Meditec) in a 1:1 ratio. At time of surgery, eyes were again randomized in 1:1 fashion to receive stromal wound hydration or not (n = 80 each in four groups). Primary outcome measure was the incidence of ND between eyes receiving stromal hydration versus no hydration. Those with ND were observed for 5 years after surgery.

Results:
Of the 320 eyes, 29 (9.06%) reported ND of which 24 (83%) were transient. Eyes with wound hydration had significantly higher proportion of ND (n = 21/160, 13%) compared to no hydration (n = 8/160, 5%) (P = 0.01). Additionally, eyes with wound hydration were three times more likely to experience ND (odds ratio = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.3–8.2, P = 0.01). Majority of eyes (20/21, 95%) with ND after hydration had it transiently while half (4/8, 50%) of those with ND without wound hydration had it persistently at 6 weeks (P < 0.001) and continued to experience ND for 5 years but did not request intervention.

Conclusion:
ND occurred in 9% cases with majority being transient. Corneal wound hydration led to significant higher likelihood of experiencing transient ND. Those with persistent ND for more than 6 weeks (1.5%) continue to experience ND for at least 5 years.
Review of paradigm shift in building consruction occasioned by climage change
Authors: Anthonia Abugu Nkechinyere , Bello Yero Ahmed , Macaulay Irene Amahagbor , Oliatan Odele Muyiwa 
Published: June 2021

The solution to climate change demands new strategies in building sector. Thus, a review of existing literature was conducted to find out the new thinking in building sector in relation to climate change. The objectives were to: examine the relationship between climate change and building construction; identify paradigm shifts in building policies as a response to climate change and to find out climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the building sector. These were achieved through the review of literature published in the era of the recent global climate change from late 90s to date. Selection of paper was based on relevancy to the topic and date of publication. Preference was given to papers that link climate change with building sector, especially those that portray paradigm shift. Result showed that there are strong link between climate change and the building sector. As all previous reports reviewed revealed that climate change adversely affect building, a good number also argued that building construction is responsible for climate change mainly in terms of energy use and surface transformation/exposure. Although, there seems to be conflicting ideas on cause and effects between climate change and building construction, there is a general agreement that climate change affects building sector. Scholars also agree on integration of climatic parameters in building sector. Climate change has become a basis for policy reform in the building sector as many studies recommended knowledge and inclusion of climatic parameters in building planning, design, construction and use. Mitigation and adaptation of buildings to flood and extreme temperature were the common concerns of most studies. Raising of floor, use of local materials, orientation of building in accordance to sun and wind direction are among the mitigation and adaptation options for building construction in the face of changing climate.
Keywords: Climate change, Building construction, paradigm shift, sustainability, climate adaptation
Investigating the mineral composition of proceessed cheese, soy and nunu milks consumed in Abuja and Keffi metropolises of Nigeria
Authors: Okpara M. U. , Madu P. C. , Shuaibu B. S , Ubana M. A., , Isah J. 
Published: June 2021

Milk and its products are needed for proper body building. Processed cheese, nunu and soy milk consumed within Abuja and Keffi metropolises were analyzed for their mineral contents. X1, Y1, Z1 represents soy milk, nunu and cheese from Abuja metropolis while X2, Y2, Z2 represents sample from Keffi metropolis respectively. Calcium (265.53±0.25 mg/mL), iron (1.19±0.92 mg/mL), potassium (162.77±0.02 mg/mL) were found to be higher in cheese milk (Z1) from Abuja than that (225.82±0.13 mg/mL, 1.05±0.60mg/mL and 130.41±0.04 mg/mL) found in Keffi (Z2) examined respectively, though the amount of sodium present (151.0±0.08 mg/mL) in cheese (Z2) from Keffi is slightly higher than that (150.08±0.01 mg/mL) from Abuja (Z1). Also, Soya milk from Abuja (X1) had highest amount of zinc (0.76±0.00 mg/mL) while that of Keffi (X2) was 0.65±0.3 mg/mL, for magnesium and copper, higher values 18.40±010 mg/mL and 0.25±0.02 mg/mL were recorded for soy milk (X2) from Keffi while soy milk from Abuja (X1) had 17.97±0.20 mg/mL and 0.16±0.01 mg/mL respectively. Chromium was dictated in both cheese samples but not dictated in soya and nunu milks from both metropolises. It is seen from the investigation that cheese had more minerals followed by soya milk. Nunu milk sample had the least quantity of minerals; also all the samples analyzed have minerals present in them. Therefore, they are needed for the proper functioning of the body system
Keywords: Analysis, Concentration, Milk, Mineral, Metropolis, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Performance evaluation of conventional exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and p-value cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart
Authors: Ikpotokin O. , Braimah J. O , Oboh H. E. 
Published: June 2021

This paper is aimed at comparing the performances of the conventional Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and p-value Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control chart. These charts were applied in monitoring the outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis in Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara for a period of eighty four (84) calendar months. Line chart and histogram were plotted to test for stationary and normality of the data. Autocorrelation plot was also used to study the randomness of the data. The results of the control charts show that conventional EWMA chart detects shifts faster in monitoring process mean than the p-value CUSUM control chart.
Keywords and Phrases: Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA), p-value, Cumulative Sum (CUSUM), Autocorrelation, Randomness