bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal Obstruction Outcomes in Medial Flap Turbinoplasty and Inferior Turbinate Submucous Resection
Authors: Vasudev Milind , Hakimi Amir A. , Guarina Shannen , Lonergan Ashley R. , Torabi Sina J. , Hong Ellen , Hu Allison C. , Martin Elaine C. , Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Kuan Edward C. , Wong Brian J.‐F. 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesTo compare longitudinal improvement in nasal obstruction quality‐of‐life outcomes between medial flap turbinoplasty (MFT) and inferior turbinate submucous resection (SMR) concurrently performed with functional septorhinoplasty.MethodsRetrospective review of a prospectively collected cohort of patients undergoing functional septorhinoplasty between 2015 and 2022 at a tertiary academic center. Outcomes were assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire preoperatively and over 12 months postoperatively.Results373 patients were analyzed with longitudinal NOSE questionnaires. Of these, 298 underwent SMR and 75 underwent MFT. The proportion of concurrent intraoperative techniques including rim graft, spreader graft, auto‐spreader graft, intradomal sutures, interdomal sutures, and alar spanning sutures were not significantly different between the two cohorts. Patients in all surgical groups had a statistically and clinically significant improvement in NOSE scores between their preoperative and postoperative follow‐up visits (p < 0.001). MFT patients had higher NOSE scores 1 month postoperatively (40.0 ± 30.5 vs. 31.0 ± 27.97; p = 0.017), but lower scores after 10 months (15.2 ± 13.3 vs. 25.4 ± 23.5; p = 0.036). Similarly, patients in the MFT cohort in primary rhinoplasty procedures reported higher scores initially but lower after 10 months (p = 0.024). Men in the MFT cohort reported significantly better NOSE outcomes than the SMR cohort as early as 4 months post‐surgery and sustained this improvement longitudinally throughout the follow‐up period (10.6 ± 12.3 vs. 22.6 ± 21.4; p = 0.012).ConclusionMFT and SMR offer beneficial long‐term nasal breathing outcomes among patients undergoing functional rhinoplasty, though further study in appropriate patient selection is indicated.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Evaluation of the Glymphatic System in Rabbits Using Gadobutrol‐Enhanced MR Cisternography With T1 and T2 Mapping
Authors: Algin Oktay , Cetinkaya Kadir , Oto Cagdas , Ayberk Gıyas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeWe aimed to characterize and further understand CSF circulation and outflow of rabbits. To our knowledge, there is no research on contrast material–enhanced MR cisternography (CE‐MRC) with T1 and T2 mapping in the rabbit model using a clinical 3‐T MR unit without a stereotaxic frame.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one rabbits were included in the study. The CE‐MRC exams with T1/T2 mappings were categorized into approximate time points based on an intention‐to‐scan approach: precontrast, less than 4 h after contrast, 24 h after contrast, and 24 to 120 h after gadobutrol. The presence of contrast media in the head and neck structures was scored with a 3‐point scale (present, score: 2; absent, score: 0; and inconsistent, score: 1). T1 and T2 estimates were directly derived by drawing regions of interest on the corresponding maps.ResultsGadobutrol accumulation was detected in the CSF near the cribriform plate and nasal areas on early‐phase postcontrast images of all animals. These contrast material accumulations completely disappeared on the images obtained in postcontrast ≥ 24 h. The lowest T1 and T2 estimates in olfactory and cerebral areas were observed on early‐phase images. Significant correlations were observed between the enhancement of the bladder and the medial portion of the sclera and the enhancement of inner ear structures, olfactory regions, turbinates, nasal cavities, and cranial subarachnoid spaces. The T1 and T2 estimates of the septum and olfactory bulb were generally lower than those measured in the frontal and parietal lobes on early‐phase images.DiscussionOur findings, which indicate an absence of clearly visible arachnoid granulations in rabbits, support the significance of olfactory outflow and the glymphatic system as highlighted in recent literature. Glymphatic transport can be more effectively demonstrated using T1 mapping in rabbits. The anatomical and physiological differences between human and rodent central nervous systems must be considered when translating experimental results from rabbits to humans.
Magnetization Transfer Imaging of Cervical Spinal Cord in Patients With Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Participants: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Al‐shaari Hussein , Heales Christine J. , Harrower Tim , Fulford Jon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo determine whether magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is able to detect microstructure alterations in the cervical spinal cord (CSC) in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients and whether they correlate with clinical disability.Methods and MaterialsFifteen RRMS patients (5 males, 10 females, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 47.0 ± 12.9 years, age range: 18–70 years; median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score = 2; (range: 0.5–6.5) and 20 healthy controls (10 male, 10 females, mean ± sd age: 40.7 ± 12.4 years) underwent 3T MRI scans using standard MTI sequences. Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT) was used for image post‐processing. Data were first segmented and then registered to a template and then the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was computed over the volume between the 2nd and 5th cervical vertebrae for the total white matter (WM) and for specific WM regions: dorsal column (DC), ventral column (VC), and lateral column (LC). Independent sample t‐tests were used to conduct a comparative analysis of means between the healthy and RRMS groups. The association between MTR measures over different ROIs and EDSS was investigated by the univariate association using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and a simple linear regression analysis.ResultsMTR values were significantly decreased in all ROIs (p < 0.01) in RRMS versus Healthy participants. There was no significant correlation between MTR and EDSS in all ROIs.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that clinical trials using MTI techniques are feasible and show that quantitative MTI can monitor tissue changes in degenerative WM patients.
Flexural response of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced photocurable polymer composites
Authors: Youssef George , Singh Anil , Eckstein Sean , Flanagan Ansel , Kauvaka Paul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing of continuous fiber‐reinforced composites facilitates complex geometries and optimized properties. Using robotics in 3D printing enables strategic fiber distribution and metered resin impregnation. This research seeks to characterize the properties of 3D printed fiber composites as a function of stacking sequence, including unidirectional ([0°]18 and [90°]18), cross‐ply ([90°/0°]9 and [±45°]9), and quasi‐isotropic ([0°/∓[20°/40°/60°/80°]]s) layup schedules, and carbon fiber tow type (i.e., T1100, T800, and IM7). The geometric accuracy was evaluated by comparing the achieved and targeted panel dimensions, showing negligible differences and substantiating the translational potential of this additive manufacturing platform. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the fiber volume fraction (ca. 50% irrespective of stacking sequence or fiber type) and resin residuals (remnant solid content after pyrolysis). Flexural samples were tested under quasi‐static conditions to investigate the influence of the fiber tow type and stacking sequence on the mechanical performance, exceeding previously reported 3D printed panels with thermoplastic and thermosetting matrices. Digital image correlation bolstered the flexural results by delineating the strain field, leading to additional insights about the flexural performance of the additive manufactured composites. The outcomes transcend the state‐of‐the‐art 3D printing of composite materials and accelerate their translational potential.Highlights
Robotic 3D‐printed carbon fiber‐photocurable resin composites.
3D printing method results in repeatable geometric and thermogravimetric properties.
Flexural properties were investigated as a function of fiber orientation and type.
Digital image correlation quantified strain distribution in composite samples.
Mechanical performance was compared with state‐of‐the‐art in literature.
Construction of Continuous Proton Transport Channels via Anchoring Strong Proton Conductor on Graphene Oxide in Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone)
Authors: Lu Zhongrui , Ai Yuna , Yuan Xiancan , Jia Xiaoyang , He Shaojian , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTConstructing continuous proton transport channels in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) has been considered as an efficient strategy to improve proton conductivity. In this work, a water‐insoluble hybrid graphene oxide (HDGO) is prepared via the hydrothermal reaction between polydopamine‐coated graphene oxide (DGO) and a strong proton conductor phosphotungstic acid (HPW), in which HPW is chemically bonded onto DGO. The two‐dimensional structure of DGO and the strong acidity of HPW favor the rapid proton transport in the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes. As compared to that of the SPEEK control membrane, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK composite membrane containing 6 wt% HDGO increases from 0.035 to 0.061 S cm−1 at 25°C, an increase of ~75%. The composite membrane containing 10 wt% HDGO exhibits ~49% lower area swelling ratio than the SPEEK control membrane. Meanwhile, the proton conductivity of the composite membrane remains stable during the 1440 h immersing in liquid water.
From genes to governance: Engaging citizens in the new genomic techniques policy debate
Authors: Habets Michelle G. J. L. , Macnaghten Phil 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe European Union is in the midst of changing the current regulatory framework for new genomic techniques (NGTs) to accelerate the production of plant varieties, in order to achieve the goals of the European Green Deal. These techniques are highly contested, with divergent views on how they should be governed. So far, there has been little effort to engage citizens in this legislative reform process. By engaging with Dutch citizens, we give the public a voice in shaping the future of agriculture and the food system. By facilitating the exchange of multiple views, we allow for more effective governance arrangements.Summary
The European Commission (EC) has proposed a new regulation for plants obtained by new genomic techniques (NGTs). Currently, food crops developed with NGTs are subject to the EU Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
The current proposal for a new regulation differentiates between two categories of NGT plants. Category 1 NGT plants will be subject to the new regulation, whereas Category 2 plants will remain subject to the GMO legislation, although the risk assessment may be adapted.
In this paper, we analyze the views of Dutch citizens on NGT crops and their governance, prior to the publication of the new proposal. We find significant reservations arising from doubts about NGT crops delivering on their promises, the likelihood of unanticipated consequences, and unnaturalness.
We extrapolate our findings to anticipate citizen's response to the new proposal and reflect on ways to move forward, both for policy making, and for the plant science community.
Effect of pesticide application techniques on thrips control in the cowpea flowering stage
Authors: Jin Ye , Luo Luna , Zhang Ruirui , Li Zhiquan , Zhong Yuan , Xu Shaoqing , Liu Min , Song Jianli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThrips are among the most damaging pests to cowpeas in Hainan, China. Conventional pesticide application methods often fail to achieve satisfactory control due to the small size and concealed habitats of thrips. This study aimed to enhance the efficacy of pesticides by improving their application techniques. The optimal application time of day was identified, and the physicochemical properties of four types of spray adjuvants were tested to evaluate their impact on efficacy. A terrestrially targeted air‐assisted sprayer for cowpeas was designed to adjust the wind direction and target at thrips hiding spots. Field trials were conducted in Hainan to assess the efficacy of modified application times, adjuvant addition, and targeted air‐assisted spraying.RESULTSThe results indicate that clear weather and an 8:00 a.m. application time are optimal, with a 22.52% and 30.22% increase in efficacy compared to applications at 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., respectively. Two adjuvants, Qigong and Beibeijia, were selected and, when used with a knapsack sprayer, increased efficacy by 28.50% and 17.92%, respectively. The terrestrially targeted air‐assisted sprayer significantly improved the reduction rate of the thrips population by 27.31% and 21.77% compared to knapsack sprayers and spray guns, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe use of the cowpea terrestrial air‐assisted sprayer with adjuvants at 8:00 a.m., compared to the conventional application method by farmers using electric knapsack sprayers, resulted in at least a 40.03%, 46.08%, and 52.22% increase in efficacy at 1, 2, and 3 days after treatment, respectively. The findings provide a scientific basis for efficient thrips control in cowpeas. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Scorpion insect neurotoxin LqhIT2 is a promising oral biopesticide: high‐level preparation in Pichia pastoris and bioactivity assays
Authors: Li Hongbo , Tian Cheng , Chen Jing , Xia Yuanxian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiscovering insecticidal proteins with high activity and strict insect specificity and applying them to the biological control of insect pests is of great significance. Oral LqhIT2 has insecticidal activity, which most other insecticidal neurotoxin proteins do not have, but the large‐scale preparation of the toxin is difficult and one of the obstacles to determining its anti‐insect potential for biological control.RESULTSIn this study, the expression level of recombinant LqhIT2 (rLqhIT2) in Pichia pastoris was as high as 1.4 g/L under high‐cell‐density fermentation conditions. A purified rLqhIT2 at a final concentration of 0.5 ng/mL inhibited the proliferation of insect Sf9 cells, with typical insect cell oncosis observed, while 200 ng/mL rLqhIT2 was non‐toxic to mammalian cells. The injection of silkworms caused the typical depressive symptoms of flaccid paralysis and death. At a dose of 1 μg/g body weight, 46.7% of the silkworms died within 48 h after injection, and their mortality rate was related to the injection dose. Feeding purified rLqhIT2 to fifth instar Pieris rapae larvae demonstrated its oral insecticidal activity, with a mortality rate 66.7% after 3 days of feeding at a concentration of 10 μg/cm2 cabbage leaf.CONCLUSIONThe rLqhIT2 has high insect cells specificity and insecticidal activity when injected and or delivered orally, and may have better application prospects than other reported insect neurotoxins. We describe a method for large‐scale production of functional rLqhIT2 by fed‐batch fermentation using Pichia pastoris, which will further facilitate its application in biological control of agricultural insect pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Intermittent Dynamic Event‐Triggered Optimal Control for Networked Control Systems With Input Saturation
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhang Xiaodan , Xiao Feng , Wei Bo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore an event‐triggered optimal control problem for nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) with input saturation and aperiodic intermittent control. First, a non‐quadratic cost function with the property of intermittent control is formulated, and a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation is designed based on the given cost function to acquire optimal control inputs. To avoid continuous‐time communication in networks, a novel aperiodically intermittent dynamic event‐triggered (AIDET) control scheme, integrating a dynamic event‐triggered control scheme and an aperiodic intermittent control scheme, is proposed in this article. A piecewise continuous internal dynamic variable is introduced in the event‐triggering condition, which is more conducive to increasing inter‐event times than static event‐triggering schemes. Furthermore, the event‐triggering condition designed in this article is proven strictly to exclude the Zeno behavior. Moreover, due to the difficulty of directly solving the HJB equation, an actor‐critic algorithm in the AIDET scheme is proposed to approximate the optimal control inputs. The approximation errors of weight vectors are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The stability of the considered systems in the proposed AIDET control scheme is analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, some simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed actor‐critic algorithm‐based AIDET control scheme.
The Effects of Modified Fly Ash on the Structure and Photocatalytic Performance of G‐C3N4‐based Materials
Authors: Yu Qingbo , Li Yuqi , Wang Qingping , Shi Naishen , Liu Fan , Xu Zishe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRegulating the polymerization of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) precursor is regarded as a desirable pathway to boost its photocatalytic activity. However, the current has been seldomly concerned in adjusting the polymerization of g‐C3N4 precursor based on the structural characteristics of fly ash (FA). This study manipulates the polymerization reaction of dicyandiamide through alkali treatment of fly ash (KOH‐FA, CaOH‐FA and NaOH‐FA), yielding three g‐C3N4‐based composite photocatalysts (CaFA‐CN, KFA‐CN, and NaFA‐CN) with varying degrees of polymerization. Compared to the zeolite structures of fly ash treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the fly ash treated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) developed calcium silicate hydrate, leading to a more complex surface structure. Isotherm adsorption model analysis revealed that Ca(OH)2‐FA's adsorption of methylene blue fits the Freundlich model, indicating uneven distribution of active sites. This unevenness results in an uneven collision probability during the high‐temperature polymerization of dicyandiamide, leading to incomplete polymerization and the formation of the CaFA‐CN catalyst with more amino groups and fewer carbon‐nitrogen heterocycles. This incomplete polymerization enabled CaFA‐CN to achieve a 55.3% degradation efficiency of methylene blue within 60 minutes. The photocatalytic activity of CaFA‐CN is 4.03 times that of the original g‐C3N4 (19.4%).
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic and Photocatalytic Self‐Cleaning Thin Film Using Polystyrene with Zno
Authors: Seifunnisha O. , Shanthi J. , Deshmukh Sampat. G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO)‐based composites are among the semiconductor photocatalytic materials that exhibit promising research opportunities in the fields of optical, biomedical, and environmental materials because of their excellent physical stability, biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication. This article discusses the fabrication and use of ZnO‐based composites with excellent catalytic activity. Here, the various combinations of sol‐gel ZnO coatings were prepared using the spin coating technique, and characterized by 3D laser profilometry, UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the main functional groups, present in the prepared polymeric film, an FTIR investigation was conducted. The inclusion of Aloe vera with PF‐127 in the ZnO lattice is confirmed by the structural study of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Z‐PS, ZAL‐PS, and ZALPF‐PS, which showed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure and increasing in the peak position. The variation in strcuture and bandgap play major role in the enhancement of photocatalytic and antibacterial activity with ZALPF‐PS as compared to ZAL‐PS and Z‐PS. In contrast, water contact angle analysis reveals that the polymeric coating changes the surface roughness while simultaneously increasing the surface nonwettability. The prepared samples are also shown to be more resistant to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than standard antibiotics. This occurred because photocatalytic activity and superhydrophobic contact work together as a synergistic antibacterial mechanism. Furthermore, the nonwettable cotton substrate was also prepared, and their roughness behavior examined, which exhibited superhydrophobic performance against water, milk, coke, and coffee, which can be useful for medical purposes.
Influence of Polyelectrolyte (NaCMC) on Surfactant (DTAB) in the Absence and Presence of Methyl Orange Dye in Ethanol–Water Mixed Solvent at Three Different Temperatures
Authors: Yadav Shiv Narayan , Rai Summi , Sinha Biswajit , Bhattarai Ajaya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermodynamic behavior of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) solution with and without methyl orange (MO) dye in the ethanol–water mixture (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) volume fractions of ethanol at different temperatures by conductivity measurements is studied. The obtained conductivity data suggests that the value of α, CAC, and CMC* for the MO + NaCMC + DTAB system decreases when compared to the NaCMC + DTAB system. MO + NaCMC + DTAB system shows more negative , , , and and more positive values in contrast to the comparable values for the NaCMC + DTAB system. These results demonstrate the thermodynamic feasibility and spontaneity of micellization with MO in the ethanol–water mixture. Nonetheless, as the temperature and the percentage of ethanol in the volume increase, so do the α (degree of dissociation), CAC (critical aggregation concentration), and CMC* values. A valuable insight into the thermodynamic stability, fluidity, solvent structure, polarity of the solvent, and interaction degree in ethanol–water mixture with and without MO may be gained from varying with different solvophobic and solvent parameters.
Metal‐Free Direct Oxysulfonylation of Styrenes with N‐Hydroxy Aryl Sulfonamides to Access β‐Ketosulfones
Authors: Solanke Jayshree , Chatterjee Rana , Dandela Rambabu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn efficient approach for the construction of β‐ketosulfones has been developed by the direct oxysulfonylation of styrene with N‐hydroxy aryl sulfonamide. The metal‐free reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of the iodine/TBHP system and ethanol medium to provide diverse β‐ketosulfones in good yields. Moreover, readily available starting materials, a broad range of functional group tolerance, a radical pathway, greener solvents, and mild conditions are the advantageous points of the present protocol.