bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Time-to-recovery from Hypertension using a Comparison of Various Parametric Shared Frailty Models: In Case of Felege Hiwot Refral Hospital.
Authors: Mulu Nigist , Kindu Yeshambel , Kassie Abay 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem that is responsible for morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia hypertension is becoming a double burden due to urbanization. The study aimed to identify factors that affect time-to-recovery from hypertension at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Retrospective study design was used at FHRH. Methods: The data was collected in patient’s chart from September 2016 to January 2018. Kaplan-Meier survival estimate and Log-Rank test were used to compare the survival time. The AFT and parametric shared frailty models were employed to identify factors associated with the recovery time of hypertension patients. All the fitted models were compared by using AIC and BIC. Results: Eighty one percent of sampled patients were recovered to normal condition and nineteen percent of patients were censored observations. The median survival time of hypertensive patients to attain normal condition was 13 months. Weibull- inverse Gaussian shared frailty model was found to be the best model for predicting recovery time of hypertension patients. The unobserved heterogeneity in residences as estimated by the Weibull-Inverse Gaussian shared frailty model was θ=0.385 (p-value=0.00). Conclusion: The final model showed that age, systolic blood pressure, related disease, creantine, blood urea nitrogen and the interaction between blood urea nitrogen and age were the determinants factors of recovery status of patients at 5% level of significance. The result showed that patients creantine >1.5 Mg/dl compared to creantine ≤1.5 Mg/dl and SBP were prolonged the recovery time of patients whereas patients having kidney disease, other disease and had no any disease compared to diabetic patients and the interaction BUN and age were shorten recovery status of hypertension patients.
The First Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Siberian Tigers (Panthera Tigris Altaica) from China
Authors: Liu Enqi , Ma Liying , Huang Shuping , You Dan , Guo Lijun , Xu Haitao , Liu Dan , Chai Hongliang , Wang Yajun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research on feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) from tigers is scant throughout the world. In this study, 320 captive Siberian tigers were tested for FIV by nested PCR, and three Siberian tigers were FIV-positive. This is the first time FIV has been detected in Siberian tigers in China. The phylogenetic analysis of three FIV genes, gag-p26, pol-RT, and pol-RNAse, revealed that the Siberian tiger FIV had the minimum genetic divergence, the closest genetic relationship and the highest amino acid similarity with subtype A FIV strains from domestic cats, suggesting that the Siberian tiger FIV may have been transmitted by stray cats.
Screening of Foliar Reagent Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat Grains
Authors: Xia Shenglan , Wang Jie , Chen Zanming , Lan Hai , Shen Zhenguo , Shi Liang , Chen Yahua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be taken up by wheat and transferred into the grains, risking human health. In this study, we tested the effects of nineteen foliar treatments alone, and also combined treatments on the Cd concentration of grains in pot/field experiments, and the field experiment, respectively. In addition, we tested the better growth period for foliar application to inhibit Cd accumulation in wheat grains. Foliar application of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sodium selenite (Se) and Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) can significantly reduce Cd concentration of wheat grains, with 49.2%, 29.6%, and 28.8% decreased respectively in the field. Foliar application of EDTA, Se, Zinc sulphate (Zn), Ascorbic acid (ASA), Sodium silicate (Si) and Ammonium molybdate (Mo) can significantly reduce Cd concentration of wheat grains in different treatments, with 32.3%, 32.0%, 27.7%, 27.7%, 26.3% and 25.9% decreased respectively in the pot. Thus, foliar application of 2 mM EDTA and 2 mM Se exerted excellent effects in controlling the Cd accumulation of wheat grains for both in pot and field experiment. We were concerned about the transfer of different aboveground tissues to the grain, foliar application with 0.1 mM Se or 2 mM EDTA significantly reduced Cd concentrations in grains both in grain filling stage and heading + grain-filling stage. Spraying at the filling stage of wheat has a better effect than at the heading stage for reducing the cadmium content in grains. In addition, the relationship between Cd concentration of grains and husks were significantly positive, while the relationship between Cd concentration of grains and flag leaves was significantly negative. Cd content in wheat grains decreased may be due to the Cd accumulation of flag leaves and the decrease of Cd transport from flag leaves and husks to the grains, which in turn reduces the transport of Cd to the grains.
Targeting G-quadruplexes in the rhinovirus genome by Pyridostatin inhibits uncoating and highlights a critical role for sodium ions.
Authors: Real-Hohn Antonio , Groznica Martin , Kontaxis Georg , Zhu Rong , Chaves Otávio , Vazquez Leonardo , Hinterdorfer Peter , Blaas Dieter , Kowalski Heinrich 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The ~ 2.4 µm long rhinovirus ss(+)RNA genome consists of roughly 7,200 nucleotides. It is tightly folded to fit into the ~ 22 nm diameter void in the protein capsid. In addition to previously predicted secondary structural elements in the RNA, using the QGRS mapper, we revealed the presence of multiple quadruplex forming G-rich sequences (QGRS) in the RV-A, B, and C clades, with four of them being exquisitely conserved. The biophysical analyses of ribooligonucleotides corresponding to selected QGRS demonstrate G-quadruplex (GQ) formation in each instance and resulted in discovering another example of an unconventional, two-layer zero-nucleotide loop RNA GQ stable at physiological conditions. By exploiting the temperature-dependent viral breathing to allow diffusion of small compounds into the virion, we demonstrate that the GQ-binding compounds PhenDC3 and pyridostatin (PDS) uniquely interfere with viral uncoating. Remarkably, this inhibition was entirely prevented in the presence of K+ but not Na+, despite the higher GQ stabilising effect of K+. Based on virus thermostability studies combined with ultrastructural imaging of isolated viral RNA, we propose a mechanism where Na+ keeps the encapsidated genome loose, allowing its penetration by PDS to promote the transition of QGRS sequestered in alternative metastable structures into GQs. The resulting conformational change then materialises in a severely compromised RNA release from the proteinaceous shell. Targeting extracellularly circulating RVs with GQ-stabilisers might thus become a novel way of combating the common cold.
Extreme Winds Flip Influence of Fuels and Topography on Megafire Burn Severity in Mesic Conifer Forests Under Record Fuel Aridity
Authors: Evers Cody , Busby Sebastian , Nielsen-Pincus Max , Holz Andrés 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The coupling of unusually hot and dry weather have led to global increases in the occurrence of megafires. Despite the conventional wisdom that extreme heat and aridity overwhelm the controls on burn severity patterns (i.e., vegetation mortality), we hypothesize that wind is the main driver of megafire events in temperate mesic forests with climate-restricted fire regimes, yet that fuels and topography remain important influences on burn severity patterns. The infrequent occurrence of large high-severity wildfire in these forests means that contemporary empirical data (e.g., remote sensing) from past megafires are largely missing. During the extraordinary 2020 fire season, ca. 0.8 million ha burned in the North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) over two weeks under record-breaking fuel aridity and winds, representing the first modern example of megafires that characterize disturbance regimes west of the region’s Cascade Mountains. Considering increasing concern and uncertainty surrounding the drivers of megafire events in temperate mesic forests, our objective was to understand the relative influence of, and potential interactions between, weather, fuels, and topography on high-severity (> 75% tree mortality) fire probability among five synchronous megafires in the western Cascade Mountains. To assess the influence of several potential drivers of high-severity fire and whether these relationships varied with land use and ownership, we developed remotely sensed fire extent and burn severity maps for two periods of the explosive 2020 PNW fire season: (1) during extreme winds and (2) after the extreme winds subsided. The area burned during the windstorm accounted for 90% of the total fire sizes and saw a 2.5-times greater proportion of high-severity fire than during the period without winds. Our results suggest that wind is the major driver of megafires in forests with climate-limited fire regimes, yet that fuels and topography shape burn severity patterns even under extreme fuel aridity and winds. The relative influence of topography on burn severity outweighed fuels during the windstorm, while fuels outweighed the influence of topography after winds subsided. Early-seral forests primarily concentrated on private lands, burned more severely than their older and taller counterparts, regardless of topography, over the entire megafire event. Meanwhile, mature stands burned severely only under extreme winds and especially on steeper slopes. Although climate change and land-use legacies may prime mesic temperate forests to burn more frequently and at higher severities than historically observed, and especially among early-seral forests, our work suggests that future high-severity megafires are only likely to occur during coinciding periods of heat, fuel aridity, and extreme winds.
3D Printed Composite Model of Pelvic Osteochondroma and Nerve Roots
Authors: Fox Olivia , Kanawati Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: 3D-printing has become increasingly utilized in the preoperative planning of clinical orthopaedics, orthopaedic trauma and other disciplines over the past decade. Surgical treatment of bone tumours within the pelvis is challenging due to the complex 3D bone structure geometry, as well as the proximity of vital structures such as blood vessels, nerve roots, sciatic and femoral nerves and the bladder and/or rectum. Methods: We present the first case where a composite bone and nerve model of the lower lumbar spine, pelvis and accompanying nerve roots was created using 3D-printing. The bony pelvis and spine was created using CT, whereas the nerve roots were printed in an elastic material with the aid of MRI. 3D-printed model created an accurate reconstruction of the pelvic tumour and traversing nerves for preoperative planning and allowed for efficient and safe surgery. Pelvic tumour surgery is inherently dangerous due to the delicate nature of the surrounding anatomy. Results: The composite model enabled the surgeon to very carefully navigate the anatomy with a focused resection and extreme care knowing the exact proximity of the L3 and L4 nerve roots. Conclusion: The patient had complete resection of this tumour, no neurological complication and full resolution of his symptoms due to careful, preoperative planning with the use of the composite 3D model.
Using Data from Satellite Telemetry and Nesting Beach Monitoring to Improve Estimates of Marine Turtle Clutch Frequency
Authors: Santos Armando J B , Vieira Daniel H. G. , Bellini Claudio , Corso Gilberto , Ceriani Simona , Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Population abundance data is often used to define species’ conservation status. Abundance of marine turtles is typically determined using information from nesting beach monitoring such as clutch frequency and remigration interval of nesting females. However, studies have shown that clutch frequency determined solely from nesting beach monitoring data can be underestimated. To obtain reliable estimates of clutch frequency for hawksbill turtles in northeastern Brazil (-6.273356 S., -35.036271 W), the region with the highest nesting density in the South Atlantic, data from beach monitoring and satellite telemetry were combined from 2014 to 2019. Beach monitoring data indicated the date of first nesting event, whilst state space modelling of satellite telemetry data indicated the departure date of turtles, allowing calculations of residence length at breeding site and therefore estimation of clutch frequency based on internesting intervals. Nesting females were estimated to nest up to six times within the nesting season and had an average clutch frequency of 4.7 nests per female. This estimate is almost twice larger than previous estimates based only on beach monitoring. The new estimates of clutch frequency will allow for more reliable population abundance estimates for this critically endangered population. Further, to guide future estimates of marine turtle clutch frequency methods to estimate clutch frequency were compared and their advantages and biases were discussed. Our approach and findings highlight the need for reconsideration of how clutch frequency is commonly determined for marine turtle populations and the use of beach monitoring data and satellite telemetry for estimations of clutch frequency.
Metabolomic Characterization of Acute Ischemic Stroke Facilitates Metabolomic Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Qi Biao , Zhang Yanyu , Zhang Yuhao , Fei Guoqiang , lin Ling , Li Qiuping 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized by a sudden blockage of one of the main arteries supplying blood to the brain, leading to insufficient oxygen and nutrients for brain cells to function properly. Unfortunately, metabolic alterations in the biofluids with AIS are still not well understood. In this study, we performed high-throughput target metabolic analysis on 44 serum samples, including 22 from AIS patients and 22 from healthy controls. Multiple reaction monitoring analysis of 180 common metabolites revealed a total of 29 metabolites changed significantly (VIP>1, P <0.05). Multivariate statistical analysis unraveled a strikingly separation between AIS patients and healthy controls. Comparing AIS with Control group, the contents of argininosuccinic acid, beta-D-glucosamine, glycerophosphocholine, L-abrine, and L-pipecolic acid were down-regulated in AIS patients. 29 out of 112 detected metabolites, enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, lysine degradation, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis metabolic pathways. Collectively, these results will provide a sensitive, feasible diagnostic prospect for AIS patients.
Inhibition of MUS81 by siRNA Reverses Resistance to Cisplatin in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Bourton Emma , Zahir Sheba Adam , Plowman Piers , Al-Ali Hussein , Foster Helen , Parris Christopher Noel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Drugs that induce DNA interstrand crosslinks form the mainstay of anticancer treatments for different cancers. These drugs are used to treat ovarian cancer which is the most prevalent gynaecological cancer. Five-year survival rates are approximately 40% and the development of drug resistant disease is an important factor in treatment failure. Methods: In this study a comprehensive evaluation of the expression and function of the site-specific endonuclease MUS81 was conducted. Using quantitative real time PCR analysis and imaging flow cytometry we determined the mRNA and protein expression of MUS81 in three ovarian cancer cell lines and two immortalised human fibroblast cell lines which had been made resistant to cisplatin by chronic exposure. siRNA knockdown of MUS81 was employed to determine the effect on overall cell survival which was assessed using clonogenic assays. Results: In the five cisplatin-resistant cell lines we observed increased MUS81 mRNA expression. In addition MUS81 protein expression in the form of discrete nuclear foci in cells was observed in all cell lines following cisplatin exposure, there being significantly more foci in cisplatin resistant cell lines. siRNA knockdown of MUS81 significantly reduced both mRNA and protein levels in two cell lines (SK-OV-3 and MRC5-SV1 – wild-type and resistant) and critically re-sensitised cisplatin resistant cells to wild-type level, determined by clonogenic assay. Conclusion: MUS81 is central to the development of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. Inhibition of MUS81 restored drug sensitivity to the cells. MUS81 may be a useful therapeutic target to overcome drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers.
The Impact of Religious Practices on Depression and Anxiety Among Moroccan Cancer Patients
Authors: Fahd Elkhalloufi , boutayeb Saber , Alaoui Youssef Lamrani , Eljaouhari Mounia , Errihani Hassan , Az-zahra Zakkouri Fatima 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Many researchers have associated between religiosity with a lower level in depression and anxiety among patients with chronic diseases and especially in cancer patients.The aim of this study is to examine the association between spirituality and depression among Moroccan cancer patients. Another aim resides in to examining the association between spirituality and anxiety among Moroccan cancer patients.Methods: 1054 cases were included. Cancer profile, socio demographic and spiritual characteristics were considered. The data were firstly analyzed using the validated HADS scale arabic version. The statistical significance was tested using Chi-square test. The Odds ratios were also computed for the likelihood of being in depression and/or anxiety.Results: The results obtained revealed that the performance of religious practices such as reading Quran, doing Roquia , and the consideration of cancer as a divine test are factors that significantly decrease the risk of having depression and/or anxiety. However women wearing the “hijab” have three times higher chances of having anxiety compared to other women that do not wear the “hijab”. Patients considering cancer as a divine punishment have significantly higher odds of having anxiety and/or depression. Regarding charity, pilgrimage, visit of “marabouts”, use of medicinal plants and fasting are found to be insignificant predictors of depression and anxiety.Conclusions: The current evidence indicates that religiosity is important to patients facing cancer. Religiosity is not just protective in nature, but it can also be therapeutic. Praying, reading or listening to the Quran, as well as considering cancer as a divine test have been shown to reduce the level of depression and anxiety . In conclusion, the spiritual aspect plays an important role in the quality of life of cancer patients.
Genetic Progress in 53 Years of the Peach Breeding Program of Embrapa: Canning Genotypes
Authors: Nardino Maicon , Corrêa Elisia Rodrigues , Raseira Maria do Carmo Bassols , Real Isadora Moreira da Luz , Barros Willian Silva , Franzon Rodrigo Cezar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Peach is a traditional crop in the south of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, where 30 to 53 million cans of peaches in syrup are produced annually. All the raw material produced in the region consists of fruits originating from the peach breeding program of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture), which started even before Embrapa at the Experimental Station of Pelotas, Ministry of Agriculture. The objective was to estimate the genetic progress in phenological traits and production of canning peach resulting from the peach breeding program of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture in 53 years. We divided the data records considered in the estimation of genetic progress into two periods, 1964-1984 and 1985-2017, totaling 53 years. The following traits: maturing period, cycle, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield, and soluble solids content were evaluated. We initially tabulated data and analyzed descriptive statistics. Subsequently, we conducted analysis of mixed models and obtained the estimates of genetic progress through meta-analysis. Genetic gain for earliness, shortening the cycle from flowering to maturation, and genetic gain for fruit yield were observed.
Salivary Protein NlSP7 of The Brown Planthopper Functions As An Effector for Mediating Tricin Metabolism in Rice Plants
Authors: Gong Gu , Yuan Long-Yu , Li Yi-Feng , Xiao Hang-Xiang , Li Yan-Fang , Zhang Yang , Wu Wei-Jian , Zhang Zhen-Fei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest that affects rice (Oryza sativa) production in Asia. The flavone tricin (5,7,4ʹ-trihydroxy-3ʹ,5ʹ-dimethoxy flavone) is a valuable secondary metabolite commonly found in rice plants that can defend rice plants against infestation by BPH. BPH damage can reduce the metabolic level of tricin in rice. Our preliminary transcriptome research results showed that BPH salivary protein 7, NlSP7, is highly responsive to tricin stimuli. However, the function of NlSP7 in mediating the interaction between the rice plant and the BPH is unknown. In this study, we cloned the NlSP7 gene in N. lugens and found that its mRNA level was greater in the presence of high tricin content than low tricin content, regardless of whether the BPHs were fed a rice plant diet or an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L tricin. Knocking down NlSP7 resulted in BPH individuals spending more time in the non-penetration and pathway phase, and less time feeding on the phloem of rice plants. These changes decreased BPH food intake, feeding behavior, and fitness, as well as the tricin content of the rice plants. These findings demonstrate that the salivary protein NlSP7 of BPH functions as an effector for tricin metabolism in rice.