bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The skill of natural interpreting in a trilingual child
Authors: Klapicová Edita Hornáčková 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present work seeks to contribute to the fields of translation and bilingual acquisition focusing on the particular case of natural translation/interpreting of a single Slovak/English/German balanced trilingual child between 0;03 and 8;01 years. Natural interpreting is a strategy used by bilinguals whereby a message expressed in one language (source language = SL) is reproduced in another (target language = TL). Our study is based on two premises: 1. Translation in a bilingual child is an innate skill which can be acquired without formal training and is developed through guidance and practice (Harris, 1978); and 2. Natural interpreting can occur within different combinations of languages. We address the issue of bilingual competence and in particular the relationship that exists between linguistic competence and performance in the process of interpretation activity in the bilingual child. The first aim of the study is to reveal the social-academic context and the main sources of linguistic input, which had an important effect on the speech development of the child. The second aim of the study is to show that a trilingual child was able to become a sophisticated interpreter as she gradually moved through stages of pre-translation, autotranslation and transduction to more complex forms of interpretation (Harris and Sherwood, 1978; Harris, 1976 and 1978). The third aim of the study is to document the types of errors produced by the child and through error analysis and statistical data reveal whether these errors may hinder the communication of accurate meaning in the TL. The translation competence of the bilingual child is analysed via different types of spontaneous, elicited and experimental data gathered from the child’s longitudinal production recorded by the researcher in diary annotations, audio recordings and video recordings. Examples of the child’s interpretations presented in this paper are transcribed in the CHAT format. The results of our study demonstrate that a trilingual child acquiring three languages in a bilingual community with the bilingual-monolingual interaction strategy used by parents at home can become a competent interpreter by the age of 8;01 years and deliver messages quite accurately in the TL regardless of the directionality of interpretation. The results of error analysis show that the type of errors produced by the child in the process of interpretation are mainly morphological and occasionally syntactic or intrusion errors, which do not lead to misinterpretation of the meaning of original message in the TL.
Alternatif Pengembangan Rencana Induk Bandr Udara Cut Nyak Dien Aceh
Authors: Susilo Susilo 
Published: June 2021

Cut Nyak Dien Airport in Nagan Raya district as general airport do not have a Master Plan in accordance with the provisions in the Act No. 1 of 2009 on Aviation and Transportation Minister Decree No. 48 Year 2002 on the Implementation of Public Airport The purpose of this study is to provide the technical information necessary for the construction/development of Cut Nyak Dien Airport in Nagan Raya District arranged in an Airport Master Plan. This study resulted in the master plan concept consisting of stages of the development plan, airport facilities requirement, which consist of basic facilities requirement, air navigation facilities requirement, and supporting facilities requirement. It also resulted in the concept of the airport master plan layouts.
Bandara Cut Nyak Dien di Kabupaten Nagan Raya sebagai bandar udara umum belum mempunyai Rencana Induk sesuai dengan ketentuan yang diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang No.l Tahun 2009 Tentang Penerbangan dan Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 48 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyelenggaraan Bandar Udara Umum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyediakan informasi teknis yang diperlukan bagi pembangunan/pengembangan Bandara Cut Nyak Dien di Kabupaten Nagan Raya yang disusun dalam suatu Rencana Induk Bandar Udara. Penelitian ini menghasilkan konsep rencana induk yang terdiri dari rencana tahapan pengembangan, kebutuhan fasilitas bandar udara, yang terdiri dari kebutuhan fasilitas pokok, kebutuhan fasilitas navigasi penerbangan, dan kebutuhan fasilitas penunjang. Selain itu juga menghasilkan konsep layout rencana induk Bandar Udara Cut Nyak Dien.
Pengaruh Kepadatan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan Pada Saat Taxi-Out Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Pesawat Udara (Studi Kasus: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno Hatta)
Authors: Mora Minda 
Published: June 2021

Dalam satu fase penerbangan dari bandar udara asal menuju bandar udara tujuan, pesawat udara akan mengalami beberapa fase terbang, salah satunya adalah fase taxi-out. Fase ini memberikan kontribusi yang cukup signifikan terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar pesawat udara, terutama ketika terjadi kepadatan lalu lintas pesawat udara karena waktu yang dibutuhkan pesawat udara untuk taxi-out menjadi lebih lama dari yang seharusnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepadatan lalu lintas pesawat udara terhadap waktu taxi-out dan konsumsi bahan bakar di Bandar Udara Soekarno Hatta-Jakarta. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan rata-rata 30% dari total jumlah penerbangan pada bulan Juli, Agustus dan September tahun 2014 mengalami keterlambatan keberangkatan karena terjadinya kepadatan lalu lintas pesawat udara pada saat taxi-out. Hal ini mengakibatkan kelebihan konsumsi bahan bakar pesawat udara sebesar 29% dibandingkan apabila pesawat udara dapat melakukan taxi-out dalam keadaan tanpa hambatan.
[The Effect of Air Traffic Congestion on Taxi-out Time and Aircraft Fuel Consumption (Case Study: Soekarno-Hatta International Airport)] In a single flight, from the origin airport to the destination airport, the aircraft experiences several different flight phases, one of which is taxi-out phase. This taxi-out phase contributes significantly to aircraft fuel consumption particularly when air traffic congestion occurred due to the time needed in taxiing become much more longer than it should be. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of air traffic congestion on taxi-out time and aircraft fuel consumption at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The results show that the average of 30% of the total number of flight in July, August, and September 2014 has been delayed due to air traffic congestion on taxi-out phase and it caused an increase of 29% on aircraft fuel consumption compared to uncongested taxi-out.
PENGARUH TARGET GAMES TRAINING TERHADAP AKURASI SERVIS PENDEK BACKHAND
Authors: Rizki Ramadhan Chandra , Puspa Hidasari Fitriana 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh akurasi servis pendek backhand bulutangkis yang relatif kurang akurat karena kurangnya variasi latihan dan kurangnya latihan khusus untuk meningkatkan akurasi servis pendek backhand. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan target games terhadap peningkatan akurasi servis pendek backhand bulutangkis. Penelitian ini menggunakan bentuk Pre-Expermental Design yaitu one group pretest-posttest design untuk mengetahui pengaruh tindakan atas suatu kelompok dengan perlakuan sebanyak 12 kali pertemuan. Desain ini memiliki pre-test dan posttest untuk membandingkan keadaan sebelum dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta ekstrakurikuler bulu tangkis di SMP Negeri 7 Sungari Raya berjumlah 16 orang. Uji dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Uji-T SPSS 25. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: Ada pengaruh latihan Target Games terhadap akurasi servis pendek bakchand bulu tangkis dengan nilai Sig 0,000 < 0,05, maka metode latihan target games dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu program latihan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan akurasi servis pendek backhand.
Regeneración natural de pino y encino bajo diferentes niveles de perturbación por incendios forestales
Authors: Flores Rodríguez Ana Graciela , Flores Garnica José Germán , González Eguiarte Diego Raymundo , Gallegos Rodríguez Agustín , Zarazúa Villaseñor Patricia , Mena Munguía Salvador , Lomelí Zavala Mónica Edith , Ruíz Guzmán Eliceo 
Published: June 2021

El comportamiento de los incendios forestales varía debido a diversos factores, donde el nivel de severidad condiciona la respuesta que tendrán los ecosistemas ante el fuego, como lo es la capacidad de regeneración natural. No obstante, poco se ha estudiado al respecto en México, lo que ha limitado las estrategias de restauración. De acuerdo a esto, se realizó un análisis comparativo de la respuesta de la regeneración natural del arbolado en tres rangos de altura (0–0.30 m, 0.31–1.0 m y 1.1– 3.0 m), considerando un diseño experimental con dos factores: 1) diferentes condiciones de severidad del incendio (sin incendio, incendio moderado, incendio extremo); y 2) tres regiones de bosques de pino-encino (Sierra de Quilla, el bosque La Primavera y la Sierra de Tapalpa, Jalisco). Para el análisis comparativo se generaron ANOVA y prueba de Tukey, con base a diseño experimental factorial (región y severidad). Los resultados sugieren que existe una diferencia significativa entre las condiciones de severidad de los incendios y entre las regiones, para el rango de altura de 0 a 0.30 m, apreciándose una mayor regeneración en las áreas con incendios moderados. Esto se remarca, en Tapalpa donde se estiman en promedio 160,000 individuos ha-1. Por otra parte, con respecto los otros estratos de regeneración (0.31 –1.0 m y 1.1–3.0 m) no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las condiciones de severidad del fuego, considerando solo la regeneración de pino. Se concluye que la ocurrencia de un incendio moderado puede propiciar una mayor incidencia de regeneración natural.
Self-citation and corruption: cross-sectional, cross-country study
Authors: Tsai Alexander C. 
Published: June 2021

Background Self-citation appears to be widely prevalent. However, the structural drivers of self-citation are poorly understood. Methods Data for this study were obtained from a recently published study of Scopus data aggregated across all authors with >5 publications, across all scientific fields, which yielded aggregate, country-level data on the mean co-author self-citation rate for the period 1960-2018. These data were merged with 2018 data from Transparency International on corruption, and additional data extracted from the World Development Indicators. The country-level association between the self-citation rate and the corruption index was estimated using multivariable linear regression. Results Across 178 countries, the correlation between the mean self-citation rate and the corruption index was -0.52, 95% confidence interval, CI=-0.62 to -0.41. Among the 49 countries in the lowest quartile of the corruption index, the mean self-citation rate was 0.24 (standard deviation, SD=0.06). Among the 44 countries in the highest quartile of the corruption index, the mean self-citation rate was 0.21 (SD=0.05). In a weighted linear regression model with robust estimates of variance, the corruption index had a statistically significant association with the mean self-citation rate (2nd quartile compared with 1st quartile: b=-0.08 (95% CI=-0.17 to -0.01); 3rd quartile: b=-0.11 (95% CI=-0.19 to -0.02); 4th quartile: b=-0.10 (95% CI=-0.19 to -0.01; N=165). The implied effect size was large in magnitude and robust to potential confounding by unmeasured covariates. Conclusions In this cross-sectional, cross-country analysis, there was a strong correlation between a country’s overall level of corruption and the mean self-citation rate. The estimated association was statistically significant, large in magnitude, and unlikely to be explained away by unmeasured confounding. Better understanding of how corruption norms evolve is likely to be critical in addressing the problem of extreme self-citation and other forms of citation manipulation.
Aspek Hukum Penundaan Pelaksanaan Prestasi akibat Keadaan Memaksa di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Budiwati Septarina , Izziyana Wafda Vivid 
Published: June 2021

Corona Virus Disease merupakan wabah virus mematikan sehingga ditetapkan Pemerintah sebagai Bencana Nasional, Penularan virus yang sangat cepat dan mudah membuat banyak. Virus ini menimbulkan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat Pemerintahan mengambil kebijakan lockdown atau social distancing. perekonomian juga menjadi kacau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normative yang mengkaji aturan, asas hukum dan prinsip-prinsip yang berkaitan dalam pelaksanaan prestasi. Terhalangnya suatu pihak untuk memenuhi prestasi akibat situasi ini termasuk dalam keadaan memaksa atau overmahcht, Pemerintah menyadari kebijakan yang di keluarkan, sehingga debitur di beri kesempatan mengajukan permohonan atas penundaan prestasi akibat keadaan memaksa akibat pandemic covid 19, kebijakan ini diharapkan kreditur dan debitur sama-sama memahami dan mencari solusi resiko yang timbul atas perjanjian yang telah di sepakati bersama.
Perlindungan Hukum Impelentasi Kredit Lembaga Perbankan Di Masa Pandemic Covid 19 Dalam Konsep Restrukturisasi
Authors: Safitri Wahyuni , Izziyana Wafda Vivid 
Published: June 2021

Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional. sangat berdampak terhadap berbagai bidang salah satunya dalam sektor ekonomi di Indonesia. Salah satu langkah yang diambil oleh pemerintah untuk mendukung ekonomi masyarakat selaku debitur yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mengangsur pembiayaan kreditnya, maka pemerintah mengambil kebijakan restrukturisasi terhadap kredit yang diambil oleh debitur.penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative. Pada masa pandemic covid 19, keadaan perbankan di Indonesia menjadi tidak kondusif. Akibat Dihentikannya sementara angsuran kredit sehingga debitur belum dapat menjalankan prestasinya dengan membayarkan pinjamannya kepada kreditur. sebagai jalan alternatif Salah satu kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah yakni mengupayakan restrukturisasi kredit bagi kedua belah pihak melalui kebijakan regulasi dari Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. restrukturisasi sebagai upaya penyelamatan kredit bermasalah yang meliputi upaya Reschedulling, Restructuring dan Reconditioning, Ketentuan restrukturisasi ini dapat diterapkan Bank tanpa melihat batasan plafon kredit/pembiayaan atau jenis debitur.
SIMULASI PENGENDALI BEBAN ELEKTRONIK UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO (PLTMH) DESA PALLAWA KECAMATAN TELLU LIMPOE KABUPATEN BONE PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Hafid Abdul 
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil simulasi pengendali beban elektronik untuk mikrohidro 42,5 kVA. Simulasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa pengendali beban generator, apakah perangkat pengendali hasil rancangan dapat bekerja dengan baik atau tidak. Software Matlab digunakan untuk keperluan simulasi. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dari 47 sampel variasi daya beban konsumen maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengendali beban generator yang dirancang pada penelitian ini bekerja cukup baik. Pengendali beban generator selalu berhasil mengontrol pendistribusian daya ke beban penyeimbang yang berdampak generator tetap beroperasi pada kondisi beban penuh ( 36 kW ± 1,2%) meskipum terjadi fluktuasi daya pada beban konsumen.
Perancangan Alat Vacuum Cleaner Menggunakan Energi Udara Bertekanan Jaringan Pipa Distribusi Udara Pabrik
Authors: Julianto Kris , Hanifi Rizal 
Published: June 2021

Sektor-sektor industri di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun keadaan semakin meningkat dengan banyaknya kemajuan teknologi yang dibuat. Masalah yang sering muncul pada sektor industri yaitu mengenai kebersihan. Upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan mengenai kebersihan (debu) perlu adanya alat pembersih debu yang biasa disebut vacuum cleaner. Penelitian yang dilakukan antara lain mengubah energi semula dari listrik menjadi energi udara tekan yang terdapat pada distribusi udara tekan pabrik menggunakan prinsip efek venturi pipa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode numerik dan metode simulasi. Pengujian analisa dilakukan dengan pembuatan alat sederhana dan simulasi software Autodesk CFD. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berdasarkan analisis perhitungan dari 5 variasi diameter pipa alat uji pada desain perancangan alat dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Ms.Excel untuk mencari diameter yang optimal. Persentase hasil perhitungan yang digunakan sebagai alat uji yaitu diameter pipa utama 1 inch, pipa venturi 0,5 inch dan pipa hisap 0,5 inch dengan hasil perhitungan tekanan pada pipa venturi sebesar 195.345 Pa, dan pipa hisap 200.055 Pa dari tekanan utama kompresor 200.000 Pa, kemudian kecepatan aliran udara V1=17,5 m/s, V2 =72,37 m/s, V3=15,81 m/s, debit komposisi campuran Q1=0,0083 m/s3, Q2= 0,0087 m/s3 dan Q3= 0,0090, Kerugian tekanan total 0,31 bar serta daya hisap alat sebesar 1,35 W. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghemat dan memanfaatkan energi yang ada peneliti membuat perancangan alat vacuum cleaner untuk sektor-sektor industri yang menggunakan sistem distribusi udara tekan.
THE EFFECT MIND MAPPING TECHNIQUE AND VOCABULARY MASTERY ON STUDENT’S WRITING SKILL
Authors: Megawati Megawati , Yuliwati Yuliwati , Harimurti Eka Rista 
Published: June 2021

The purposes of this research is to know the effect mind mapping technique and vocabulary mastery on students’writing skill. Also how the implementation mind mapping technique on students’writing skill. Students need vocabulary mastery to arrange the sentences for getting a good paragraph and mind mapping technique is one of the technique that use to treat students for getting writing well. This research use experiments method. There were 40 students chosen at random from fourth grade semester English Education at STKIP Kusuma Negara Jakarta.Collecting data use test writing skill. Research of instrument has tested and tried by the validity and reliability test used the SPSS (Statistic Program Social Science). Data analyzed by using kolmogorv Smirov, know data was normality.The text analysis is to test the data homogeneity by using Levenu’s test, to see if the population was derived from homogeneous population. The result of this research concluded that 1) Using Mind Mapping Technique has significant effect on student’s writing skill. Result F for mind mapping (A) Fo=290.285 and sig.= 0.000<0.05, then the conclusion is that there is significant effect between mind mapping technique (X1) on student’s writing skills. 2). Vocabulary mastery gave the significant effect to the student’s writing skill. Result research F for vocabulary mastery (B) Fo=91.401 and sig.= 0.000<0.05. It has shown that there is significant effect vocabulary mastery (X2) on student’s writing skills. 3) There is significant effect interaction between mind mapping and vocabulary mastery on student’s writing skill. Result of this research F from mind mapping (A) and vocabulary (B) Fo=5.274 and sig.=0.028<0.05. Using mind mapping technique in learning give effect in students’writing skill. Students who have rich vocabulary mastery can get good writing English.Keywords: Podcasts, Promote, Speaking, Online Learning
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation therapy with home exercise on pain, fatigue, and stress in subjects with fibromyalgia syndrome: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoo Seoung-A. , Kim Chang-Yong , Kim Hyeong-Dong , Kim Suhng-Wook 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia is accompanied by symptoms of fatigue, depression, sleep disorders, and physical and mental stress [1]. It is a difficult-to-treat disorder because its exact causes are unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy (PMRT) on pain, fatigue, and stress in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (age: 20–65 years) were randomly allocated to the PMRT group (n1= 18, 2 men and 16 women) or non-PMRT group (n2= 19, 2 men and 17 women). The PMRT group received PMRT twice a week for 8 weeks and the non-PMRT group received conventional physical therapies such as electro-stimulation and heat therapies during this period. The outcome was evaluated before and after 8 week sofintervention using the Visual Analogue Scale, Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement of the blood pressure and pulse rate. RESULTS: Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group (both P< 0.001). In addition, perceived stress (P< 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P< 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (P< 0.05), and pulse rate (P< 0.001) significantly decreased in the PMRT group compared with the non-PMRT group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that progressive muscle relaxation therapy is a viable rehabilitative therapy for pain, fatigue, and stress symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.
Developments of a multiplexer system for the High-Brilliance Neutron Source HBS
Authors: Rimmler Marius , Felden Olaf , Rücker Ulrich , Soltner Helmut , Zakalek Paul , Gebel Ralf , Gutberlet Thomas , Brückel Thomas 
Published: June 2021

The High-Brilliance Neutron Source project (HBS) aims at developing a medium-flux accelerator-driven neutron source based on a 70 MeV, 100 mA proton accelerator. The concept optimizes the facility such that it provides high-brilliance neutron beams for instruments operating at different time structures. This can be realized by generating an interlaced proton pulse structure, which is unraveled and sent to three different target stations by a multiplexer system. In the following we present the developments of a multiplexer system at the JULIC accelerator at Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), which serves as test facility for HBS. The main components of the JULIC multiplexer system are designed to be scalable to the HBS parameters.
Diritto comunitario ed europeo: Giurisprudenza
Authors:   Redazione
Published: June 2021

Rassegna giurisprudenza (periodo luglio 2009/marzo 2010)1. Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea 4.3.2010, caso Chakroun, causa C-578/08 - diritto al ricongiungimento familiare - nozione di "ricorso al sistema di assistenza sociale" - nozione di "ricongiungimento familiare" - formazione della famiglia
Diritto italiano: Cittadinanza
Authors:   Redazione
Published: June 2021

1. Tribunale di S. Maria Capua Vetere 7.11.2008 - apolidia - risalente ingresso in Italia da minorenne senza i genitori - esclusione dell'acquisto della cittadinanza serba - accertamento giudiziale status di apolidia - esclusione della previa istanza in sede amministrativa - volontaria giurisdizione - onere della prova a carico del richiedente - necessità di acquisire la prova della perdita della cittadinanza di origine, anche attraverso facta concludentia e non solo con certificazioni2. Tribunale di Torino 17.9.2009 n. 6303 - apolidia - straniero nato in Italia da cittadini macedoni, appartenenti all'ex Jugoslavia - opzione dei genitori per la cittadinanza croata, dopo la divisione della Federazione - diritto non estensibile al figlio - perdita della cittadinanza - difetto dei presupposti per l'acquisizione della cittadinanza macedone - richiesta di accertamento dell'apolidia in Italia, quale luogo di residenza - accoglimento; giudizio per il riconoscmento dell'apolidia - onere della prova a carico del richiedente - sufficienza delle prove indiziarie - esclusione della necessità di fornire la prova (diabolica) di non essere cittadino di nessuno Stato3. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Lazio 26.11.2009 n. 11771 - cittadinanza per residenza ultradecennale - rigetto per "inaffidabilità sotto il profilo dell'ordine pubblico e della convivenza civile" - giudizio basato su diversi episodi emersi in sede istruttoria - parere negativo della questura - ampia discrezionalità dello Stato nell'attribuzione dello status civitatis ex art. 9 l. 91/90 - legittimità