bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved electrical and optical properties in epitaxial Cd2SnO4 films
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Kaifeng , Lv Kai , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Zhongliang , Wang Haifeng , Liu Qinzhuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpitaxial Cd2SnO4 films were fabricated on MgO(00l) single crystalline substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique at various substrate temperatures and growth oxygen pressures. The microstructure, transport, and optical properties of the films were studied in detail. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate that all the Cd2SnO4 films are grown epitaxially on MgO(00l) substrates. Atomic force microscope images indicate that the films have smooth surface morphologies. Hall‐effect measurements reveal that the epitaxial film grown at 680°C and 40 Pa presents the minimum resistivity value of 0.61 mΩcm and maximal Hall mobility of 32.87 cm2 V−1 s−1. The metal–semiconductor transitions of Cd2SnO4 films were observed and explained by competitive effects of two conductive mechanisms. The optical transmittance of the Cd2SnO4 films is higher than 75% in the visible and near‐infrared range, and the optical bandgap was determined to be about 3.09 eV for the film grown at optimal condition. The band structure and density of states of the Cd2SnO4 were calculated by the density functional theory.
Gene replacement therapy restores RCBTB1 expression and cilium length in patient‐derived retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Huang Zhiqin , Zhang Dan , Chen Shang‐Chih , Jennings Luke , Carvalho Livia S. , Fletcher Sue , Chen Fred K. , McLenachan Samuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBiallelic mutations in the RCBTB1 gene cause retinal dystrophy. Here, we characterized the effects of RCBTB1 gene deficiency in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from a patient with RCBTB1‐associated retinopathy and restored RCBTB1 expression in these cells using adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with compound heterozygous RCBTB1 mutations (c.170delG and c.707delA) and healthy control subjects were differentiated into RPE cells. RPE cells were treated with AAV vectors carrying a RCBTB1 transgene. Patient‐derived RPE cells showed reduced expression of RCBTB1. Expression of NFE2L2 showed a non‐significant reduction in patient RPE cells compared with controls, while expression of its target genes (RXRA, IDH1 and SLC25A25) was significantly reduced. Trans‐epithelial electrical resistance, surface microvillus densities and primary cilium lengths were reduced in patient‐derived RPE cells, compared with controls. Treatment of patient RPE with AAV vectors significantly increased RCBTB1, NFE2L2 and RXRA expression and cilium lengths. Our study provides the first report examining the phenotype of RPE cells derived from a patient with RCBTB1‐associated retinopathy. Furthermore, treatment of patient‐derived RPE with AAV‐RCBTB1 vectors corrected deficits in gene expression and RPE ultrastructure, supporting the use of gene replacement therapy for treating this inherited retinal disease.
Displays of negative facial affect during parent–adolescent conflict and the bidirectional transmission of social anxiety
Authors: Woody Mary L. , Kaurin Aleksandra , McKone Kirsten M.P. , Ladouceur Cecile D. , Silk Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundSymptoms of social anxiety rise rapidly during adolescence, particularly for girls. Pervasive displays of parental negative affect may increase adolescents' fear of negative evaluation (FNE), thereby increasing risk for social anxiety symptoms. Adolescent displays of negative affect may also exacerbate parents' social anxiety symptoms (via FNE of their child or their parenting skills), yet little research has tested transactional pathways of transmission in families. By early adolescence, rates of parent–child conflict rise, and offspring become increasingly independent in their own displays of negative affect, increasing opportunities for hypothesized transactional pathways between parent–adolescent displays of negative affect and social anxiety symptoms.MethodsThis study included 129 parents and daughters (11–13; no baseline social anxiety disorder), two‐thirds of whom were at high risk for social anxiety due to a shy/fearful temperament. We used actor–partner interdependence models (APIM) to test whether displays of negative facial affect, assessed individually for each parent and daughter during a conflict discussion, would predict their partner's social anxiety symptoms two years later. Automated facial affect coding assessed the frequency of negative affect during the discussion. Clinician ratings of social anxiety symptoms were completed at baseline and two‐year follow‐up.ResultsBoth parents and daughters who displayed more frequent negative facial affect at baseline had partners with higher follow‐up social anxiety symptoms, an effect that was maintained after accounting for actors' and partners' baseline symptoms.ConclusionsFindings are consistent with intergenerational models positing that parental negative affective behaviors increase risk for adolescent social anxiety symptoms but also suggest that adolescent negative facial affect may exacerbate parental social anxiety symptoms. These bidirectional effects improve understanding of how social anxiety is maintained within a transactional family structure and highlight that displays of negative affect during parent–adolescent interaction may warrant future examination as a potential treatment target for adolescent social anxiety.
The influence of divergent reproductive strategies in shaping modularity and morphological evolution in mammalian jaws
Authors: Conith Andrew J. , Meagher Molly A. , Dumont Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarsupial neonates are born at an earlier developmental stage than placental mammals, but the rapid development of their forelimbs and cranial skeleton allows them to climb to the pouch, begin suckling and complete their development ex utero. The mechanical environment in which marsupial neonates develop is vastly different from that of placental neonates, which exhibit a more protracted development of oral muscles and bones. This difference in reproductive strategy has been theorized to constrain morphological evolution in the oral region of marsupials. Here, we use 3D morphometrics to characterize one of these oral bones, the lower jaw (dentary), and assess modularity (pattern of covariation among traits), morphological disparity and rates of morphological evolution in two clades of carnivorous mammals: the marsupial Dasyuromorphia and placental fissiped Carnivora. We find that dasyuromorph dentaries have fewer modules than carnivorans and exhibit tight covariation between the angular and coronoid processes, the primary attachment sites for jaw‐closing muscles. This pattern of modularity may result from the uniform action of muscles on the developing mandible during suckling. Carnivorans are free from this constraint and exhibit a pattern of modularity that more strongly reflects genetic and developmental signals of trait covariation. Alongside differences in modularity, carnivorans exhibit greater disparity and faster rates of morphological evolution compared with dasyuromorphs. Taken together, this suggests dasyuromorphs have retained a signal of trait covariation that reflects the outsized influence of muscular force during early development, a feature that may have impacted the ability of marsupial carnivores to explore specialized regions of morphospace.
From “getting things right” to “getting things right now”: Developing COVID‐19 guidance under time pressure and knowledge uncertainty
Authors: Moleman Marjolein , Macbeth Fergus , Wieringa Sietse , Forland Frode , Shaw Beth , Zuiderent‐Jerak Teun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, guidance was needed more than ever to direct frontline healthcare and national containment strategies. Rigorous guidance based on robust research was compromised by the emergence of the pandemic and the urgency of need for guidance. Rather than aiming to “get guidance right”, guidance developers needed to “get guidance right now”.AimTo examine how guidance developers have responded to the need for credible guidance at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsAn exploratory mixed‐methods study was conducted among guidance developers. A web‐based survey and follow‐up interviews were used to examine the most pertinent challenges in developing COVID‐19 guidance, strategies used to address these, and perspectives on the implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic on future guidance development.ResultsThe survey was completed by 46 guidance developers. Survey findings showed that conventional methods of guidance development were largely unsuited for COVID‐19 guidance, with 80% (n = 37) of respondents resorting to other methods. From the survey and five follow‐up interviews, two themes were identified to bolster the credibility of guidance in a setting of extreme uncertainty: (1) strengthening end‐user involvement and (2) conjoining evidence review and recommendation formulation. 70% (n = 32) of survey respondents foresaw possible changes in future guidance production, most notably shortening development time, by reconsidering how to balance between rigour and speed for different types of questions.Conclusion“Getting guidance right” and “getting guidance right now” are not opposites, rather uncertainties are always part of guidance development and require guidance developers to balance scientific robustness with usability, acceptability, adequacy and contingency. This crisis points to the need to acknowledge uncertainties of scientific evidence more explicitly and points to mechanisms to live with such uncertainty, thus extending guidance development methods and processes more widely.
A Parachlorella kessleri (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) strain tolerant to high concentration of calcium chloride
Authors: Liu Xudong , Zhao Jinli , Feng Jia , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Nan Fangru , Xie Tao , Xie Shulian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMembers of coccoid green algae have been documented in various extreme environments. In this article, a unicellular green alga was found to slowly grow in high concentration (3.6 g/L) and pure calcium chloride solution in the laboratory. It was successfully cultured and a taxonomic study combined approaches of morphological and molecular methods was conducted to determine its classification attribution, which was followed by a preliminary physiology research to explore its unique tolerance characteristics against calcium chloride stress. The strain was identified as Parachlorella kessleri by very similar morphology and the same phylogenetic position. The morphological differences among the three species in genus Parachlorella were then discussed and the characteristic traits of absent or thin mucilaginous envelop and mantel‐shaped chloroplast for P. kessleri were supported. In addition, the almost strictly spherical shape of adult cells could further distinguish the P. kessleri from the other two species. The tolerant characteristics to CaCl2 stress for this strain were confirmed and the limit concentration was revealed as between 2000 and 4000 times than the standard BG11 culture concentration. Therefore, this P. kessleri strain is expected to be a good material to explore the mechanism of resistance to calcium ions stress for eukaryotic microbiology.
The first record of egg masses in tunicates deposited by the snubnose sculpin, Orthonopias triacis, from the Northeastern Pacific: evidence for convergent evolution of an unusual reproductive strategy
Authors: Awata Satoshi , Ito Takeshi , Crow Karen D. , Koya Yasunori , Munehara Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the authors report the first record of egg masses deposited in solitary tunicates by the snubnose sculpin, Orthonopias triacis, from the Northeastern Pacific. Four egg masses were discovered in the tunicate Ascidia ceratodes that were genetically determined to be O. triacis. Female O. triacis had long ovipositors that allow deposition of their eggs inside the atrium of the tunicates. A comparison of host‐tunicate size with ovipositor length of sculpins from the Northwestern Pacific, including the genera Furcina and Pseudoblennius, revealed that O. triacis had shorter ovipositors and spawned in the atrium of smaller species of tunicates. Ancestral state reconstruction of egg deposition in solitary tunicates using 1.86Mbp RNAseq data of 20 sculpin species from Northeastern and Northwestern Pacific revealed that this unusual spawning behaviour may have evolved convergently in different species occurring in the Northeastern vs. the Northwestern Pacific.
Development of a species‐specific monoclonal antibody for rapid detection and identification of foodborne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Wangman Pradit , Surasilp Thanai , Pengsuk Chalinan , Sithigorngul Paisarn , Longyant Siwaporn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVibrio vulnificus is one of the major cause of foodborne illness related to seafood consumption. This study aimed to develop monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to enable rapid detection and monitoring food contamination of this pathogen. Five groups of MAbs against V. vulnificus were generated from a mouse immunized with a clinical isolate of V. vulnificus, heat and formalin‐inactivated whole cells. The first two groups of MAbs were species‐specific to V. vulnificus, recognized all 40 isolates of the bacterium without cross‐reactivity to other Vibiro and non‐Vibrio species, but bound to different protein antigens. The MAbs in the third group recognized four of nine clinical isolates and two isolates from seafood samples and bound to lipopolysaccharide antigens. The MAbs in the fourth group bound only to all isolates of V. vulnificus and Vibrio alginolyticus, and the MAb in the fifth group was genus‐specific bound to all isolates of Vibrio species tested. Based on Dot‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, the range of detection sensitivity limits of these MAbs were 105 to 107 CFU/ml, which is 10–1,000 times less than that of direct PCR detection (104 CFU/ml). However, after pre‐enrichment of an oyster sample in tryptic soy broth for 6 hr, the detection limit was improved to 1 CFU/ml. This detection sensitivity limit is comparable to that of PCR protocols, which mostly require a pre‐enrichment step in sample preparation. The sets of MAbs could provide valuable tools for simple, fast, and low‐cost detection of V. vulnificus and Vibrio species in seafood, clinical, and environmental samples.
Randomized clinical trial: 7‐day vonoprazan‐based versus 14‐day omeprazole‐based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Buranathawornsom Arunluk 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimVonoprazan has more potent and sustained acid inhibitory effects than proton pump inhibitors; therefore, Helicobacter pylori eradication rates are expected to improve with the use of vonoprazan‐based regimens. To date, no randomized trial has compared the efficacy of 7‐day vonoprazan‐based triple therapy (7‐VAC) with 14‐day omeprazole‐based triple therapy (14‐OAC). This study aimed to compare the H. pylori eradication rates of 7‐VAC and 14‐OAC.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was performed at a tertiary hospital in Bangkok. Patients with active H. pylori infection who were naive to treatment were included and randomized (1:1) into either a 7‐VAC group (vonoprazan 20 mg bid. pc., amoxicillin 1000 mg bid. pc., and clarithromycin 500 mg bid. pc.) or a 14‐OAC group (omeprazole 20 mg bid. ac., amoxicillin 1000 mg bid. pc., and clarithromycin 500 mg bid. pc.). Eradication success was evaluated by urea breath test 4–6 weeks after completion of treatment.ResultsA total of 122 subjects were randomized to receive 7‐VAC (n = 61) or 14‐OAC (n = 61). The H. pylori eradication rates of the 7‐VAC and 14‐OAC groups were 96.7% and 88.5% (P = 0.083), respectively, by intention‐to‐treat analysis and 98.3% and 93.1% (P = 0.159), respectively, by per‐protocol analysis. All treatment‐related adverse events were mild and not significantly different between the two groups. Common side effects included bitter taste, nausea, and dizziness.ConclusionsThe 7‐VAC regimen was well tolerated and achieved similar eradication rates and side effects to those of 14‐OAC; therefore, 7‐VAC may be considered an alternative regimen for H. pylori treatment with the benefit of shorter duration.
Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp detection rate of water exchange, Endocuff, and cap colonoscopy: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Shao Paul P , Shao Changhan R , Romero Tahmineh , Leung Felix W 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) may contribute to interval cancer. In a recent meta‐analysis, water exchange (WE) was shown to be superior to Endocuff and cap colonoscopy at adenoma and advanced adenoma detection. The strong positive correlation between adenoma detection rate (ADR), advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp detection rate (SSA/PDR) prompted us to hypothesize that WE could significantly improve SSA/PDR compared with Endocuff and cap colonoscopy.MethodsThe literature was searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported SSA/PDR as an outcome and included the keywords colonoscopy, and water exchange, Endocuff, or cap. We performed traditional network meta‐analyses with random effect models comparing SSA/PDR of each method using air insufflation as the control and reported the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Performances were ranked based on P‐score.ResultsA total of 531 articles resulted from initial keywords search. Eleven RCTs were included in the analysis. A total of 7856 patients underwent air insufflation, WE, Endocuff, or cap colonoscopy. WE significantly increased SSA/PDR (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13). Endocuff (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.94–1.41) and cap (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.42–2.74) did not significantly impact SSA/P detection. P‐scores for WE (0.96), Endocuff (0.49), cap (0.37), and air insufflation (0.17) suggested that WE had the highest SSA/PDR. The results did not change after adjusting for mean withdrawal time and indication for colonoscopy.ConclusionWater exchange significantly increases SSA/PDR and is superior to Endocuff and cap colonoscopy at detecting SSA/P.
Increased post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis for choledocholithiasis without acute cholangitis
Authors: Saito Hirokazu , Kadono Yoshihiro , Shono Takashi , Kamikawa Kentaro , Urata Atsushi , Nasu Jiro , Imamura Haruo , Matsushita Ikuo , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Tada Shuji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCholedocholithiasis is the most common indication for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Identifying risk factors for post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is important for reducing the risk of developing PEP after common bile duct (CBD) stone removal. However, studies examining the risk factors for PEP for CBD stones are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether the presence or absence of acute cholangitis is a clinical risk factor for PEP in patients with CBD stones.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study, 1539 patients with naïve papillae were divided into patients without and with acute cholangitis. We compared the incidence of PEP between the two groups using one‐to‐one propensity score matching to adjust for the potential confounding factors of PEP.ResultsIn the entire cohort, the rates of PEP in patients without and with acute cholangitis were 9.6% (52/542) and 1.8% (18/997), respectively (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 5.8). In the propensity‐matched cohort, the rates of PEP in patients without and with acute cholangitis were 8.3% (27/326) and 2.5% (8/326), respectively (P = 0.002, odds ratio = 3.6). The rate of PEP was significantly higher in patients without acute cholangitis than in those with acute cholangitis after adjusting for the confounding factors of PEP.ConclusionsThe absence of acute cholangitis may be an important clinical risk factor for PEP due to CBD stone removal. In patients without acute cholangitis, endoscopists should explain the specific risk of PEP carefully and actively implement prophylaxis against PEP.
The role of steroid hormones in the sexual differentiation of the human brain
Authors: Bakker Julie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWidespread sex differences in human brain structure and function have been reported. Research on animal models has demonstrated that sex differences in brain and behavior are induced by steroid hormones during specific, hormone sensitive, developmental periods. It was shown that typical male neural and behavioral characteristics develop under the influence of testosterone, mostly acting during perinatal development. By contrast, typical female neural and behavioral characteristics may actually develop under the influence of estradiol during a specific prepubertal period. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on the role of steroid hormones in the sexual differentiation of the human brain. Both clinical and neuroimaging data obtained in patients with altered androgen levels/actions (i.e., congenital adrenal hyperplasia or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome [CAIS]), point to an important role of (prenatal) androgens in inducing typical male neural and psychosexual characteristics in humans. In contrast to rodents, there appears to be no obvious role for estrogens in masculinizing the human brain. Furthermore, data from CAIS also suggest a contribution of sex chromosome genes to the development of the human brain. The final part of this review is dedicated to a brief discussion of gender incongruence, also known as gender dysphoria, which has been associated with an altered or less pronounced sexual differentiation of the brain.
3D visualization and morphometric analysis of spinal motion segments and vascular networks: A synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐CT study in mice
Authors: Guo Zhu , Li Chengjun , Cao Yong , Jiang Liyuan , Zhang Yi , Li Ping , Zhou Yongchun , Duan Chunyue , Hu Jianzhong , Lu Hongbin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe structure of spinal motion segments and spinal vasculature is complicated. Visualizing the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of the spine may provide guidance for spine surgery. However, conventional imaging techniques fail to simultaneously obtain 3D images of soft and hard tissues, and achieving such coimaging states of the spine and its vascular networks remains a challenge. Synchrotron radiation micro‐CT (SRμCT) provides a relatively effective and novel method of acquiring detailed 3D information. In this study, specimens of the thoracic spine were obtained from six mice. SRμCT was employed to acquire 3D images of the structure, and histologic staining was performed for comparisons with the SRμCT images. The whole spinal motion segments and the spinal vascular network were simultaneously explored at high resolution. The mean thickness of the cartilaginous end plates (CEPs) and the volume of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) were calculated. The surface of the CEPs and the facet joint cartilage (FJC) were presented as heat maps, which allowed for direct visualization of the thickness distribution. Regional division revealed heterogeneity among the ventral, central, and dorsal parts of the CEPs and between the superior and inferior parts of the facet processes. Moreover, the connections and spatial morphology of the spinal vascular network were visualized. Our study indicates that SRμCT imaging is an ideal method for high‐resolution visualization and 3D morphometric analysis of the whole spinal motion segments and spinal vascular network.