bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Regionally Adaptable Ground-Motion Model for Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Shallow Crustal Earthquakes in Europe
Authors: Kotha Sreeram Reddy , Bindi Dino , Cotton Fabrice 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Typical ground-motion models predict the response spectral ordinates (GMM-SA), which are the damped responses of a suite of single-degree-of-freedom oscillators. Response spectra represent the response of an idealized structure to input ground-motion, but not the physics of the actual ground-motion. To complement the regionally adaptable GMM-SA of Kotha et al. (2020), we introduce here a model capable of predicting Fourier amplitudes (GMM-FA); developed from the same Engineering Strong Motion (ESM) dataset for pan-Europe. This GMM-FA reveals the very high variability of high frequency ground-motions, which are completely masked in a GMM-SA. By maintaining the development strategies of GMM-FA identical to that of the GMM-SA, we are able to evaluate the physical meaning of the spatial variability of anelastic attenuation and source characteristics. We find that a fully data-driven geospatial index, Activity Index (AIx), correlates well with the spatial variability of these physical effects. AIx is a fuzzy combination of seismicity and crustal parameters, and can be used to adapt the attenuation and source non-ergodicity of the GMM-FA to regions and tectonic localities sparsely sampled in ESM. While AIx, and a few other parameters we touch upon, may help understand the spatial variability of high frequency attenuation and source effects, the high frequency site-response variability - dominating the overall aleatory variance - is yet unresolvable. With the rapid increase in quantity and quality of ground-motion datasets, we call for an upgrade of regionalization techniques, site-characterisation, and a paradigm shift to Fourier ground-motion models to complement the traditional response spectra prediction models.
Locus coeruleus activity improves cochlear implant performance
Authors: Froemke Robert , Glennon Erin , Zhu Angela , Wadghiri Youssef Zaim , Svirksy Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that can provide hearing to deaf patients1. Despite significant benefits offered by cochlear implants, there are highly variable outcomes in how quickly hearing is restored and perceptual accuracy after months or years of use2,3. Cochlear implant use is believed to require neuroplasticity within the central auditory system, and differential engagement of neuroplastic mechanisms might contribute to outcome variability4-7. Despite extensive studies on how cochlear implants activate the auditory system4,8-12, our understanding of cochlear implant-related neuroplasticity remains limited. One potent factor enabling plasticity is the neuromodulator norepinephrine from the brainstem locus coeruleus. Here we examined behavioral responses and neural activity in locus coeruleus and auditory cortex of deafened rats fitted with multi-channel cochlear implants. Animals were trained on a reward-based auditory task, with considerable individual differences of learning rates and maximum performance. Photometry from locus coeruleus predicted when implanted subjects would begin responding to sounds and longer-term perceptual accuracy, which were augmented by optogenetic locus coeruleus stimulation. Auditory cortical responses to cochlear implant stimulation reflected behavioral performance, with enhanced responses to rewarded stimuli and decreased distinction between unrewarded stimuli. Adequate engagement of central neuromodulatory systems is thus a potential clinically-relevant target for optimizing neuroprosthetic device use.
Digital Care Providers Antibiotic Prescribing Compared to Traditional Primary Healthcare: A Retrospective Database Study of 332,987 Healthcare Visits in Sweden.
Authors: Ivarsson Justyna , Wallman Thorne , Wallman Andy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine if there was a difference in antibiotic prescribing between private digital care providers, and traditional primary healthcare, and to investigate if the prescriptions differed regarding diagnosis between virtual visits and physical visits adjusted for age, sex, and place of residence for patients seeking care digitally and in person.MethodsAntibiotic prescribing based on ATC-codes during the period of two months in 2020 was studied. Prescriptions issued by online doctors and by physicians working within PHC Sörmland County, Sweden were considered. Information about healthcare provider, date of the visit, staff category that patient had contact with, ICD-10-diagnosis codes, ATC-codes of prescribed medicines and personal information such as: age, sex, and place of residence were used. Statistical analysis and logistic regression were performed.ResultsAltogether 332,987 healthcare visits were registered. Of all visits to physicians at PHC in Region Sörmland, antibiotics were prescribed in 5.9% of cases, and 3.9% of all visits to online doctors. The total number of visits that led to infection diagnosis was 112,354. Within physical visits at PHC 21.5% infection visits ended with antibiotic prescription, while within online visits the corresponding percentage was 10.1%. Additionally, the study focused on seventeen infection diagnoses.ConclusionThis study has shown that private digital care providers do not prescribe more antibiotics than doctors at PHC. Probability of receiving antibiotic prescription during digital visits was 4.88 times lower compared to physical visits.
Inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase increases the EpFAs and ERK1/2 expression in the hippocampus of LiCl-pilocarpine post-status epilepticus rat model
Authors: Peng Weifeng , Shen Yijun , Wang Qiang , Ding Jing , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the enzyme activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and quantify metabolic substrates i.e. epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs) and products of sEH in the hippocampus after administering TPPU [1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea], the inhibitor of sEH, and further explored whether the extracellular signal-activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was involved in the anti-seizure effect of TPPU in the lithium chloride (LiCl)-pilocarpine induced post-status epilepticus (SE) rat model.
Methods

The rats were intraperitoneally (I.P.) injected with LiCl and pilocarpine to induce SE and then spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were observed. Rats were randomly assigned into SRS + 0.1 TPPU group (intragastrically administering 0.1 mg/kg/d TPPU), SRS + PEG 400 group (administering the vehicle instead), and Control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western-blot analysis, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were performed to measure the enzyme activity of sEH, the protein level of sEH and ERK1/2, and the concentration of TPPU and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolisms in the hippocampus.
Results

The frequency of SRS that equal to or greater than Racine 3 degree ranged from 0 to 19 every week in the SRS + PEG 400 group comparing to 0 to 5 every week in the SRS + 0.1 TPPU group. The enzyme activity and protein level of sEH was significantly increased in the SRS + PEG400 group compared with the Control group. After administering TPPU, the concentration of TPPU in the hippocampus was 10.94 ± 4.37 nmol/kg; the enzyme level of sEH was significantly decreased in the LiCl-pilocarpine-induced post-SE rat model, however, the protein level of sEH did not decrease significantly; the regioisomers 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs, the sums of EETs, the ratio of EETs/DHETs, and other EpFAs including 16(17) EpDPA and the ratio of 19(20)-EpDPA/19,20-DiHDPA in the hippocampus were significantly increased. In addition, the ratio of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 in the hippocampus was significantly increased after TPPU administration either.
Conclusion

We demonstrated that inhibiting sEH with TPPU increased the levels of EETs and some other EpFAs and expression of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of LiCl-pilocarpine-induced post-SE rat model, indicating the cellular mechanism of EETs through ERK1/2 pathway might be responsible for the anti-seizure effect of TPPU.
The challenge of equipoise: qualitative interviews exploring the views of health professionals and women with multiple ipsilateral breast cancer in a surgical randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ingram Jenny , Beasant Lucy , Benson John , Brunt Adrian Murray , Maxwell Anthony , Harvey James Richard , Greenwood Rosemary , Roberts Nicholas , Williams Norman , Johnson Debbie , Winters Zoe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. A multicentre feasibility trial (MIAMI), comparing outcomes and quality of life of women with multiple ipsilateral breast cancer (MIBC) randomised to therapeutic mammoplasty or mastectomy, has been conducted. The MIAMI feasibility trial aimed to investigate recruitment of sufficient numbers of women to this surgical trial, however only four patients were recruited. A nested qualitative study sought to understand the reasons for this lack of recruitment.Methods. Interviews were conducted from November 2019 to September 2020 with 17 staff from eight hospital-based breast care centres that recruited and attempted to recruit to MIAMI; and seven patients from four centres, comprising all patients who were recruited to the trial and some who declined to take part. Interviews were audio-recorded, anonymised and analysed using thematic methods of building codes into themes and sub-themes using the process of constant comparison.Results. Overarching themes of 1) influences on equipoise and recruitment and 2) effects of a lack of equipoise were generated. Within these themes health professional themes described the barriers to recruitment in ‘the treatment landscape has changed’; staff preferences and beliefs’ which influenced equipoise and patient advice; and how different the treatments were for patients. Patient themes of ‘altruism and timing of trial approach’; ‘influences from consultants and others’; and ‘diagnostic journey doubts’ played a part in whether patients agreed to take part in the trial.Conclusions. Barriers to recruiting to breast cancer surgical trials can be significant, especially where there are substantial differences between the treatments being offered and a lack of equipoise communicated by healthcare professionals to patients. Patients can become overwhelmed by numerous requests for participation in research trials and inappropriate timing of trial discussions. Alternative study designs to the gold standard randomised control trial for surgical interventions may be required to provide the high-quality evidence on which to base practice.Trial registration numbers: ISRCTN (ISRCTN17987569) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03514654).
A Unified Framework for Finite-/Fixed-Time Synchronization of Memristor Chaotic Systems and Its Application in Image Encryption
Authors: Wang Leimin , Jiang Shan , Ge Ming-Feng , Hu Junhao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a sliding-mode-based unified control framework to solve the synchronization problem of memristor chaotic systems. Both finite- and fixed-time synchronization of the memristor chaotic systems can be obtained in the uniform framework. According to the Lyapunov stability and finite-time stability theories, we demonstrate that the trajectories of error system reach the presented sliding-mode surface and converge to the origin along the surface in a finite/fixed time. Moreover, an image encryption algorithm is developed based on the presented control framework. Finally, the numerical simulations and the statistical performance analyses are discussed to illustrate the correctness of synchronization results, the effectiveness of the proposed encryption algorithm, and its potential applications in the scope of secure communication.
Physical Activity Levels and Mood State during COVID-19 Quarantine among the Kermanshah Population: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey Study
Authors: Azizi Mohammad , Aghababa Alireza , Hoseini Rastegar , Rohani Hadi , Nabilpoor Maghsoud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

One of the most important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic is anxiety and stress in the general population that can be reduced by regular physical activity. The aim of this study was to estimate the physical activity levels and mood state during covid-19 quarantine among the Kermanshah population.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, using the purposeful random sampling method, a total of 2471 subjects ((male (n = 1256) and female (n = 1215)) were selected. To assess the physical activity level from physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF) and mood state was measured by the abbreviated form of the Iranian version of the standard POMS questionnaire (Bill Morgan 1979). The descriptive statistic method (mean, standard deviation, and percent), deductive (Chi- square and Spearman's correlation) were used for analyzing the data.
Results

The results showed that a significant difference was observed between the number of sessions (P = 0.001), intensity (P = 0.001), and duration of exercise (P = 0.001) before and during coronavirus. There are significant positive relationships between low (r = 0.93; P = 0.001) and high (r = 0.673; P = 0.034) levels of physical activity and negative mood state, and a positive relationship between moderate physical activity level (r = 0.82; P = 0.001) and positive mood state.
Conclusions

It could be determined that the current quarantine has negatively affected the mood state. In general, to prevent COVID-19, regular physical activity is recommended under the health and safety protocols.
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) Outcomes in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Martínez-Báez Blanca Elizabeth , Medina-Andrade Abraham Alejandro , Oteyza Gonzalo García de , Quintela Everardo Hernández , Garcia-Albisua Ana Mercedes , Huerta Valeria Sánchez , Carter Guillermo de Wit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the results, survival rates, and proportion of complications related to Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in high-risk patients.
Methods

Thirty-three patients (thirty-four eyes) who underwent DSAEK surgery between 2015 and 2019 were included in this retrospective, observational study. All participants were considered high-risk patients with a history of previous glaucoma surgery with glaucoma drainage device, previous graft failure, previous anterior chamber intraocular lens, or glaucoma with an indication of corneal surgery.
Results

After 7.1 months of follow-up (range from 1 to 35.9 months), seventeen eyes (50%) had graft failure. Among those, eight eyes (47%) belonged to the previous graft failure group, and seven eyes (41%) had a glaucoma drainage device in the anterior chamber. Although best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) did not improve significantly postoperatively (p = 0.112), twelve eyes improved their visual acuity, and fifteen eyes remained unchanged. The percentage of eyes with BCVA of 20/40 or better improved from 11% preoperatively to 26% postoperatively. The most common surgical complication was lamellae dislocation, occurring in six eyes.
Conclusions

Adverse outcomes are highly common in high-risk patients who receive a DSAEK, especially in those patients for whom a graft previously failed or with a glaucoma drainage device. The most common complication was graft detachment, with a rate similar to other reports in non-high-risk patients. In our series, previous graft failure is a higher risk factor than a GDD.
The Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms on Treatment Duration Following Premolar Extraction
Authors: Yu Jiyon , Choi Yoon-Jeong , Choi Sung-Hwan , Jung Han-Sung , Lee Ji Hyun , Cha Jung-Yul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To elucidate genetic factors affecting orthodontic treatment duration, we employed targeted next-generation sequencing on DNA from the saliva of 117 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment after premolar extraction. The clinical characteristics of patients were summarized, and the association of clinical variables with treatment duration was assessed. Patients whose treatment duration deviated from the average were classified into an extreme long group or an extreme short group. We identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly enriched in the two groups via targeted sequencing. Nine SNPs (six genes) were significantly enriched in both groups. In the extreme long group, the frequency of the CC genotypes of WNT3A, SPP1 (rs4754, rs9138), and TNFSF11, the TT genotype of SPP1 (rs1126616), as well as the GG genotype of SFRP2 was significantly higher than in the short group. In the extreme short group, the TC genotype of SPP1, the AA genotype of P2RX7, the CT genotype of TNFSF11, and the AG genotype of TNFRSF11A tended to exhibit higher frequency than in the long group. Taken together, we identified genetic polymorphisms related to treatment duration in Korean orthodontic patients undergoing premolar extraction. Accurate prediction of the treatment period through further research will be of great aid to patients as well as orthodontists.
MIMIC-IF: Interpretability and Fairness Evaluation of Deep Learning Models on MIMIC-IV Dataset
Authors: Meng Chuizheng , Trinh Loc , Xu Nan , Liu Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The recent release of large-scale healthcare datasets has greatly propelled the research of data-driven deep learning models for healthcare applications. However, due to the nature of such deep black-boxed models, concerns about interpretability, fairness, and biases in healthcare scenarios where human lives are at stake call for a careful and thorough examination of both datasets and models. In this work, we focus on MIMIC-IV (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care, version IV), the largest publicly available healthcare dataset, and conduct comprehensive analyses of dataset representation bias as well as interpretability and prediction fairness of deep learning models for in-hospital mortality prediction. In terms of interpretability, we observe that (1) the best-performing interpretability method successfully identifies critical features for mortality prediction on various prediction models; (2) demographic features are important for prediction. In terms of fairness, we observe that (1) there exists disparate treatment in prescribing mechanical ventilation among patient groups across ethnicity, gender and age; (2) all of the studied mortality predictors are generally fair while the IMV-LSTM (Interpretable Multi-Variable Long Short-Term Memory) model provides the most accurate and unbiased predictions across all protected groups. We further draw concrete connections between interpretability methods and fairness metrics by showing how feature importance from interpretability methods can be beneficial in quantifying potential disparities in mortality predictors.
Rubber Degrading Strains of Microtetraspora and Dactylosporangium
Authors: Basik Ann Anni , Jayaram Nanthini , Yeo Chia Tiong , Sudesh Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Latex clearing protein (lcp) found in Actinobacterial strains is reportedly critical for the initial oxidative cleavage of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), the major polymeric unit of rubber. In this study, we screened 940 Actinobacterial strains isolated from various locations in Sarawak on NR latex agar and identified 18 strains from 5 genera that produced clearing zones and contained (latex clearing protein) lcp genes. We report here the first lcp genes from Microtetraspora sp. AC03309 (lcp 1 and lcp2) and Dactylosporangium sp. AC04546 (lcp1, lcp2, lcp3), together with their operon structure. Complete 16S rDNA gene sequence revealed that Dactylosporangium sp. AC04546 is 99% identical to Dactylosporangium sucinum RY35-23 whereas Microtetraspora sp. AC03309 is 98% identical to Microtetraspora glauca IFO14761. Morphological images and the spectrophotometric detection of aldehyde and keto groups in rubber samples incubated with the strains confirm the strains’ ability to degrade rubber-based products.
Study on the Average Speed of Particles from a Particle Swarm Derived from a Stationary Particle Swarm
Authors: Guo Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It has been more than 100 years since the advent of special relativity, but the reasons behind the related phenomena are still unknown. This article aims to inspire people to think about such problems. With the help of Mathematica software, I have proven the following problem by means of statistics: In 3-dimensional Euclidean space, for point particles whose speeds are c and whose directions are uniformly distributed in space (assuming these particles’ reference system is R0 if their average velocity is 0), when some particles (assuming their reference system is Ru), as a particle swarm, move in a certain direction with a group speed u (i.e., the norm of the average velocity) relative to R0, their (or the sub-particle swarm’s) average speed relative to Ru is slower than that of particles (or the same scale sub-particle swarm) in R0 relative to R0. The degree of slowing depends on the speed u of Ru and accords with the quantitative relationship described by the Lorentz factor c/√c2-u2. Base on this conclusion, I have deduced the speed distribution of particles in Ru when observing from R0.
Leading with local solutions to keep Yarrabah safe: A grounded theory study of an Aboriginal community- controlled health organisation’s response to COVID-19
Authors: McCalman Janya , Longbottom Marlene , Fagan Sara , Fagan Ruth , Andrews Suzanne , Miller Adrian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pandemics such as COVID-19 are a serious public health risk for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, yet primary healthcare systems are not well resourced to respond to such urgent events. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, a federal government advisory group recommended a rapid, tailored Indigenous response to prevent predicted high morbidity and mortality rates. This paper examines the efforts of one ACCHO, which in the absence of dedicated funding, pivoted its operations in response to COVID-19. Gurriny Yealamucka Health Service (Gurriny) is the only primary healthcare service in the discrete Indigenous community of Yarrabah, Far North Queensland. Methods The research was conducted at the request of the Chief Executive Officer of Gurriny. Grounded theory methods were used to sample and analyse transcripts of interviews with thirteen Gurriny staff and five others - Yarrabah and government leaders and community members, and 59 documents. Data were imported into NVIVO-12 and coded, with key concepts compared, organised into higher order constructs, then structured into a theoretical framework. Results Gurriny responded to COVID-19 by leading with local solutions to keep Yarrabah safe. Four key strategies were implemented: managing the health service operations, realigning services, educating and supporting community, and working across agencies. These strategies were enabled or hindered by five conditions: the governance and leadership capcity of Gurriny, relying on the health taskforce, locking the door, “copping it”, and (not) having resources. A year after the first case was experienced in Australia and on the eve of vaccine rollout to Indigenous communities, there have been no COVID-19 cases in Yarrabah. Discussion The success of the locally-led, holistic, comprehensive and culturally safe response of Gurriny suggests that such tailored place-based approaches to pandemics (and other health issues) are appropriate, but require dedicated resourcing. Key challenges related to fragmented and rapidly changing government processes, poorly coordinated communication and resource allocation channels, and bottlenecks in hierarchical funding approval processes.Conclusion The COVID-19 response in Yarrabah demonstrates the need for governance reform towards greater resourcing and support for local decision making.