bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-8 Performance of Nellore bulls fed probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079) during adaptation in feedlot
Authors: Bomfim Lorena Emily L M , Nascimento Kaique S , Couto Victor R Moreira , Arnhold Emmanuel , da R Fernandes Márcia Helena M , Moura Silva Luan O , Mari Lucas José , Santos Mateus Castilho , Gauthier Marine , Chevaux Eric , De Resende Fernandes Juliano José 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079) supplementation during feedlot adaptation period on performance of Nellore bulls. One-hundred ninety-eight Nellore bulls were used in a completely randomized block design, divided in 22 pens (9 animals/pen). Treatments were: CON – adaptation diet and finishing diet comprised of basal diet (with 28 ppm of monensin); and SCB – same diets as for the previous treatment with monensin plus probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079, ProTernative® 20; Lallemand Animal Nutrition at a dose of 1.0 x 10e10 cfu/animal/d) supplementation. Supplementation was offered for the first 42 days (21 days in the step-up phase and 21 days in the finishing diet with 900 g concentrate/kg DM), then both treatments were fed the same basal diet for another 76d, reaching 118 days in total. Pen was considered the experimental unit. Growth data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with Tukey test at 5% significance level, and a linear regression analysis was performed for the dry matter intake (DMI) data. During the first 42 days, average DMI did not differ; however, bulls fed SCB plateaued the curve of at 9.17 kg DMI/d earlier (39 days, R2 = 0.97) than those fed CON (43 days; R2 = 0.96) diets. Final body weight (509.5 vs. 518.0 kg, P = 0.02), total body weight gain (163.7 vs. 170.3 kg, P = 0.01) and average body weight daily gain (1.366 vs. 1.420 kg, P = 0.01) were greater for SCB-fed bulls. Feed efficiency of SCB-supplemented bulls was 8.05% greater than CON (P = 0.04). Probiotic supplementation with live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 during the first 42 days in feedlot contributes to reaching the plateau of DMI curve earlier and improving overall performance of Nellore bulls during the total period.
Proposal of the energy consumption analysis process for the residential houses using big data analytics technique
Authors: Pak W , Kim Inhan , Choi Jungsik 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently, nations around the world have been implementing various policies to reduce energy consumption by improving “building energy performance” at the governmental level. In addition, “the public data opening system” has been institutionalized so that private companies could reproduce useful information by utilizing public data. However, it is insufficient to improve the energy performance of residential houses by analysing the actual energy consumption of residential houses using public open data. This study proposes a “Big Data Analysis Process for Residential Housing Energy Consumption” by utilizing public open data. This process is organized into four stages as follows: Data Understanding, regarding exploring and collecting architectural data, meteorological data, and energy consumption data; Data Processing, regarding the transforming energy consumption data of residential housing and reference input data to make master data, which is analysis data that have been processed by filtering, refining, and type conversion of the collected data, for the big data analysis; Data Analytics, development of an analysis model for the energy consumption of residential housing applying analysis algorithm; Evaluation, data assessment and application of the analytical model.The purpose of this study is to reproduce green remodeling with useful information: analysing a variety of data open to the private sector using big data analysis techniques. It is expected that the “Big Data Analysis Process for Energy Consumption” will be used to confirm the correlation between the energy consumption of residential houses and the architectural elements, and to effectively derive the energy performance improvement factors for energy saving in buildings.
Varieties and Mechanisms of Common Ownership: A Calibration Exercise for Competition Policy
Authors: Tzanaki Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Minority shareholdings have been on the regulatory agenda of competition authorities for some time. Recent empirical studies, however, draw attention to a new, thought-provoking theory of harm: common ownership by institutional investors holding small, parallel equity positions in several competing firms within concentrated industries. While critical voices abound, EU and U.S. antitrust agencies closely follow these developments indicating an appetite to act. This article connects the common ownership debate to merger control and explores: i) the aims and scope of legal control as regards partial acquisitions in different jurisdictions; ii) the nature of potential competition effects arising from passive minority shareholding; and iii) the plausibility of common owners’ anticompetitive strategies from a corporate governance perspective.
Drawing a distinction between “concentrated” and “diffuse” common ownership, it sheds light on the different supporting mechanisms and varying harm potential of each variety. “Passive influence” mechanisms characterizing “diffuse” common ownership may not only generate plausible and material competition concerns in given circumstances but present challenges for the effective jurisdictional and remedial design of merger law frameworks. Competition policy should stay current by explicitly recognizing these novel insights in enforcement practice and developing guidelines on how to treat common ownership cases in the future.
Long-term good outcome of the fibrocavitary form of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease with concomitant abatacept monotherapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Banno Shogo , Yamaguchi Etsuro , Iwagaitsu Shiho , Nobata Hironobu , Yamaguchi Makoto , Sugiyama Hirokazu , Kinashi Hiroshi , Katsuno Takayuki , Kubo Akihito , Ito Satoru , Ito Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A 53-year-old woman diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated thick-walled large cavities with consolidation in the left upper lobe on chest computed tomography (CT). Mycobacterium avium was isolated from sputum cultures, and she was diagnosed as having the fibrocavitary (FC) form of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. Clarithromycin-containing, multidrug, anti-MAC chemotherapy was started immediately. After 7 months, the cavitary lesions improved, and sputum cultures showed negative conversion. Thereafter, abatacept monotherapy was started due to high RA disease activity. Clinical remission of RA has been sustained and cavitary lesions disappeared by concomitant abatacept and anti-MAC therapy for more than 5 years. Immediate initiation of anti-MAC therapy and prior confirmed efficacy are needed for the treatment of the FC form. Abatacept and anti-MAC therapy could be continued, leading to the withdrawal of prednisolone, along with careful observation by strict chest CT evaluation and repeated sputum cultures. Biologics are generally contraindicated for pulmonary MAC disease, particularly the FC form. When there is a pre-existing lung lesion apparently of FC type, abatacept cannot be started without prior anti-MAC chemotherapy. This case suggests that abatacept may be carefully used to avoid progressive joint destruction after FC lesions of pulmonary MAC disease are resolved.
Standardization of rounds on a general paediatric ward: Implementation of a checklist to improve efficiency, quality of rounds, and family satisfaction
Authors: Trahan Camille , Hui Angela Y , Binepal Navneet 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a standardized rounding tool for use on the general paediatric ward and to determine if its use can improve quality of rounds as well as patient and parent satisfaction.MethodologyThe study used a pre- and post-intervention prospective observational methodology. The intervention consisted of the implementation of a Checklist Rounding Tool (CRT) entitled the ‘Paediatric Inpatient Rounding Checklist (PIRC)’ which outlined items deemed essential to discuss during rounds for all patients admitted to the paediatric ward. The PIRC was created by the research team after reviewing the literature and it was peer reviewed by a panel of expert paediatricians. Performance on rounds based on discussion of checklist items as well as patient and parent satisfaction were evaluated by an external observer both pre- and post-PIRC implementation.ResultsFour of the five less frequently addressed checklist items were discussed significantly more post-intervention. The Rounds Quality Score was significantly improved after checklist implementation, the pre- and post-intervention scores being 8.24 and 9.61/10, respectively (P-value &lt;0.001). Patient and parent satisfaction were rated higher with the use of the checklist. There was no difference in the duration of rounds between the pre- and post-implementation phases.ConclusionIn summary, utilization of a standardized rounding tool on an inpatient paediatric ward led to improvement in quality of rounds as well as patient and parent satisfaction.
Forty years of problem-oriented policing: A review of progress in England and Wales
Authors: Bullock Karen , Sidebottom Aiden , Armitage Rachel , Ashby Matthew P J , Clemmow Caitlin , Kirby Stuart , Laycock Gloria , Tilley Nick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article analyses and critically reflects on the position of problem-oriented policing within England and Wales. Problem-oriented policing is a framework for improving police effectiveness. Its adoption has consistently been shown to be associated with sizable reductions in a wide range of crimes and public safety issues. However, many studies also find that problem-oriented policing is difficult to embed and sustain within police organisations. This article draws on the experiences and perspectives of 86 informed stakeholders to critically examine the position and practice of problem-oriented policing 40 years after its original formulation by Herman Goldstein in 1979. We argue that despite evidence of renewed interest in problem-oriented policing, the approach is not habitually conducted within police organisations in England and Wales. Where it is conducted, the practice of problem-oriented policing is found to lack discipline, the processes tend not to be faithfully followed, and there are weaknesses at all stages of the process. Implications of the findings for future research and police practice are discussed.
Species as a Heuristic: Reconciling Theory and Practice
Authors: Wells Tom , Carruthers Tom , Muñoz-Rodríguez Pablo , Sumadijaya Alex , Wood John R I , Scotland Robert W 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpecies are crucial to most branches of biological research, yet remain controversial in terms of definition, delimitation, and reality. The difficulty of resolving the “species problem” stems from the tension between their theoretical concept as groups of evolving and highly variable organisms and the practical need for a stable and comparable unit of biology. Here, we suggest that treating species as a heuristic can be consistent with a theoretical definition of what species are and with the practical means by which they are identified and delimited. Specifically, we suggest that theoretically species are heuristic since they comprise clusters of closely related individuals responding in a similar manner to comparable sets of evolutionary and ecological forces, whilst they are practically heuristic because they are identifiable by the congruence of contingent properties indicative of those forces. This reconciliation of the theoretical basis of species with their practical applications in biological research allows for a loose but relatively consistent definition of species based on the strategic analysis and integration of genotypic, phenotypic, and ecotypic data. [Cohesion; heuristic; homeostasis; lineage; species problem.]
Genome Assembly and Transcriptome of Colletotrichum sublineola CsGL1, a New Resource to Study Anthracnose Disease in Sorghum
Authors: Baldrich Patricia , Chaya Timothy , Caplan Jeffrey L. , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: October 2021

Colletotrichum species are globally distributed and well known as members of a destructive phytopathogenic genus, causing the anthracnose disease in a wide variety of crops and fruits. Colletotrichum sublineola is the causal agent of the anthracnose disease in sorghum, causing losses of up to 50% in yield. Here, we used PacBio sequencing combined with RNA-seq to generate a chromosome-level assembly and annotation of the Colletotrichum sublineola strain CsGL1. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
TAS2R38 polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori infection and susceptibility to gastric cancer and premalignant gastric lesions
Authors: Giaccherini Matteo , Rizzato Cosmeri , Gentiluomo Manuel , Lupetti Antonella , Flores-Luna Lourdes , Vivas Jorge , Bravo Maria Mercedes , Kasamatsu Elena , Muñoz Nubia , Canzian Federico , Kato Ikuko , Campa Daniele 
Published: October 2021

Background
Gastric cancer is worldwide the fourth more common cancer type by incidence, and the third by mortality. We analyzed three missense variants of TAS2R38 gene: rs713598 (A49P), rs1726866 (V262A), and rs10246939 (I296V). These variants and their combination in haplotypes (proline, alanine and valine/tasters or alanine, valine and isoleucine/nontasters) and diplotypes are responsible for individual differences in bitter perception. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the related phenotypes are known to be associated with susceptibility to Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, and with risk of various cancer types. An association between intermediate tasters (as defined by TAS2R38 diplotypes) and increased risk of gastric cancer was reported in a Korean population.

Methods
We analyzed 2616 individuals of Latin American origin, representing the whole spectrum of lesions from gastritis to gastric cancer.

Results
Comparing cancer cases vs. noncancers we observed a decrease in risk associated with heterozygous carriers of rs10246939 (P = 0.006) and rs1726866 (P = 0.003) when compared with homozygotes of the more common allele. Also, the analysis of diplotypes/phenotypes reflected the same association, with super-tasters showing a borderline increased risk of developing gastric cancer compared to medium-tasters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–2.56; P = 0.033]. Also, nontasters showed an increased risk when compared to medium-tasters although not reaching statistical significance (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.80–2.87; P = 0.203). We also tested the interactions between the TAS2R38 genotypes and H. pylori cagA status in a subset of samples and found no interaction.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our results suggest only a modest contribution of TAS2R38 gene genetic variability in gastric cancer etiology.
Demographics of Gastroparesis Hospitalizations Through the Age Spectrum Using National Inpatient Databases
Authors: Shahsavari Dariush , Thomas Rachel , Ehrlich Adam C. , Feinstein Laurence H. , Malik Zubair , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: October 2021

Goal:
The goal of this study was to characterize the etiology and demographics of hospitalized patients with gastroparesis (Gp) across different age groups.

Background:
Gp is a chronic condition associated with increasing hospitalizations and costs. The gender and etiology distributions of Gp throughout the age spectrum are unknown.

Materials and Methods:
Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Kid’s Inpatient Database (KID) were used to identify patients using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes for Gp as a primary diagnosis or as secondary diagnosis with the first diagnosis a GI-related symptom.

Results:
There were a total of 15,790 admissions (75.6% female, age: 46.2±18.0 y). After age 6, female admissions percentage increased: ages 2 to 5: 45.0%, ages 6 to 12: 62.8%, ages 13 to 20: 76.7% (P<0.001), with a distinct increase at age 12. Diabetic gastroparesis (DG) was seen in 3995 (25.3%) of all Gp admissions but in only 1.1% of children under the age of 20. Overall, 68% of DG admissions were female, but a higher percentage of DG was seen among male admissions for Gp compared with female admissions for Gp between ages 21 and 64 (38.3% vs. 23%, P<0.001). The most common races were white (63.2%), African American (20.6%), and Hispanic (8.7%). DG was more often present in Native American (61.9%), Hispanic (39.1%), and African American (38.2%) admissions than in white patients (17.8%; P<0.05).

Conclusions:
This study using large inpatient databases shows that the gender, race, and etiology of Gp admissions is age-dependent. The female predominance of Gp admissions is more prominent from the second decade of life. DG, although uncommon in children, is seen more often in nonwhite admissions.
Cirrhosis Inpatients Receive More Opioids and Fewer Nonopioid Analgesics Than Patients Without Cirrhosis
Authors: Rubin Jessica B. , Lai Jennifer C. , Shui Amy M. , Hohmann Samuel F. , Auerbach Andrew 
Published: October 2021

Goals/Background:
Pain is common among cirrhosis patients, particularly those hospitalized with acute illness. Managing pain in this population is challenging due to concern for adverse events and lack of guidelines for analgesic use. We sought to characterize analgesic use among inpatients with cirrhosis compared with matched noncirrhosis controls, as well as hospital-level variation in prescribing patterns.

Methods:
We utilized the Vizient Clinical Database, which includes clinical and billing data from hospitalizations at >500 US academic medical centers. We identified cirrhosis patients hospitalized in 2017-2018, and a matched cohort of noncirrhosis patients. Types of analgesic given—acetaminophen (APAP), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and adjuvants (eg, gabapentinoids, antidepressants) were defined from inpatient prescription records. Conditional logistic regression was used to associate cirrhosis diagnosis with analgesic use.

Results:
Of 116,363 cirrhosis inpatients, 83% received at least 1 dose of an analgesic and 58% had regular inpatient analgesic use, rates that were clinically similar to noncirrhosis controls. Cirrhosis inpatients were half as likely to receive APAP (26% vs. 42%, P<0.01) or NSAIDs (3% vs. 7%, P<0.01), but were more likely to receive opioids (59% vs. 54%, P<0.01), particularly decompensated patients (60%). There was notable variation in analgesic prescribing patterns between hospitals, especially among cirrhosis patients.

Conclusions:
Analgesic use was common among inpatients, with similar rates among patients with and without cirrhosis. Cirrhosis patients—particularly decompensated patients—were less likely to receive APAP and NSAIDs and more likely to receive opioid analgesics. Because of lack of evidence-based guidance for management of cirrhosis patients with pain, providers may avoid nonopioid analgesics due to perceived risks and consequently may overutilize opioids in this high-risk population.
Improving Automated Glioma Segmentation in Routine Clinical Use Through Artificial Intelligence-Based Replacement of Missing Sequences With Synthetic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scans
Authors: Thomas Marie Franziska , Kofler Florian , Grundl Lioba , Finck Tom , Li Hongwei , Zimmer Claus , Menze Björn , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
Although automated glioma segmentation holds promise for objective assessment of tumor biology and response, its routine clinical use is impaired by missing sequences, for example, due to motion artifacts. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a generative adversarial network for synthesizing missing sequences to allow for a robust automated segmentation.

Materials and Methods
Our model was trained on data from The Cancer Imaging Archive (n = 238 WHO II–IV gliomas) to synthesize either missing FLAIR, T2-weighted, T1-weighted (T1w), or contrast-enhanced T1w images from available sequences, using a novel tumor-targeting loss to improve synthesis of tumor areas. We validated performance in a test set from both the REMBRANDT repository and our local institution (n = 68 WHO II–IV gliomas), using qualitative image appearance metrics, but also segmentation performance with state-of-the-art segmentation models. Segmentation of synthetic images was compared with 2 commonly used strategies for handling missing input data, entering a blank mask or copying an existing sequence.

Results
Across tumor areas and missing sequences, synthetic images generally outperformed both conventional approaches, in particular when FLAIR was missing. Here, for edema and whole tumor segmentation, we improved the Dice score, a common metric for evaluation of segmentation performance, by 12% and 11%, respectively, over the best conventional method. No method was able to reliably replace missing contrast-enhanced T1w images.

Discussion
Replacing missing nonenhanced magnetic resonance sequences via synthetic images significantly improves segmentation quality over most conventional approaches. This model is freely available and facilitates more widespread use of automated segmentation in routine clinical use, where missing sequences are common.
Three-Dimensional H-Scan Ultrasound Imaging of Early Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in a Murine Model
Authors: Tai Haowei , Song Jane , Li Junjie , Reddy Shreya , Khairalseed Mawia , Hoyt Kenneth 
Published: October 2021

Objectives
Three-dimensional (3D) H-scan is a new ultrasound (US) technique that images the relative size of acoustic scatterers. The goal of this research was to evaluate use of 3D H-scan US imaging for monitoring early breast cancer response to neoadjuvant therapy using a preclinical murine model of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods
Preclinical studies were conducted using luciferase-positive breast cancer–bearing mice (n = 40). Anesthetized animals underwent US imaging at baseline before administration with an apoptosis-inducing drug or a saline control. Image data were acquired using a US scanner equipped with a volumetric transducer following either a shorter- or longer-term protocol. The later included bioluminescent imaging to quantify tumor cell viability. At termination, tumors were excised for ex vivo analysis.

Results
In vivo results showed that 3D H-scan US imaging is considerably more sensitive to tumor changes after apoptosis-inducing drug therapy as compared with traditional B-scan US. Although there was no difference at baseline (P > 0.99), H-scan US results from treated tumors exhibited progressive decreases in image intensity (up to 62.2% by day 3) that had a significant linear correlation with cancer cell nuclear size (R
2 > 0.51, P < 0.001). Results were validated by histological data and a secondary longitudinal study with survival as the primary end point.

Discussion
Experimental results demonstrate that noninvasive 3D H-scan US imaging can detect an early breast tumor response to apoptosis-inducing drug therapy. Local in vivo H-scan US image intensity correlated with cancer cell nuclear size, which is one of the first observable changes of a cancer cell undergoing apoptosis and confirmed using histological techniques. Early imaging results seem to provide prognostic insight on longer-term tumor response. Overall, 3D H-scan US imaging is a promising technique that visualizes the entire tumor and detects breast cancer response at an early stage of therapy.