bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the evaluation of thermal and moisture comfort of disposable diapers for babies
Authors: Wu Daiwei , Wang Yunyi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to further improve evaluation of baby disposable diapers and optimize product design, as well as enhance thermal and moisture comfort and safety of the baby, heat and moisture transfer mechanisms in the wearing state of diapers were analysed, and current evaluation technologies of diaper’s thermal and moisture comfort were summarized from material and product perspectives. In view of current problems, the following suggestions were proposed for improvement: 1) It is necessary to pay attention to the effects of changes after urine absorption in properties of diaper materials and the dynamic changes in size of the micro-space underneath the diaper on thermal and moisture comfort; 2) Experiments for evaluation need to be closer to life scene and the manikin system needs to be standardized; 3) In order to predict skin health of babies in the future research, correlation between thermal and moisture comfort and skin damage needs to be established.
Characterization of a Commercial Thin Film-based Pressure Sensor
Authors: Yang JieHua , Di Ping , Li Qiao , Wang Xi , Ding Hao , Bai YunFeng , Zhu ShiGen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aiming at monitoring of lower limb movement, a MEMS integrated chip packaged in a sensing suit and a thin film pressure sensor packaged in a sensing insole are used to collect lower limb motion information. However, it was found that there was a huge error in the measurement of pressure when using the film-based pressure sensors to monitor the foot pressure in the lower limb movement. Hence, this paper describes a method for calibration of soft pressure sensors and characterizes the pressure through the proposed approach. The results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the input (pressure) and the output (inverse value of the electrical resistance); the fitting error is about 5.5%; the hysteresis is around 4.2%;the zero drift is about 0.11%; the repeatability error is nearly 10.7% and the uncertainty of the sensor is about 14.64%. Therefore, it suggests that there often are notable repeatability errors and sensor uncertainty in the soft thin film pressure sensors, which would affect the accuracy in the monitoring of lower limb movements.
Ag/polyaniline/reduced graphene polyester conductive fabric with enhanced electromagnetic shielding performance
Authors: Xie Xiangyu , Chen Zhuoming , Xin Binjie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Ag/polyaniline/reduced graphene composite fabric is fabricated via chemical insitu polymerization to adsorb a layer of polyaniline and graphene on the polyester fabric, and then Ag is plated on the fabric surface using magnetron sputtering. The electromagnetic shielding performance of composite fabrics was studied at different concentrations of aniline and graphene, and the influence of magnetron sputtering power and time on fabric performance was further studied. At the same time, the Ag/polyaniline/reduced graphene polyester composite conductive fabric was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that when the concentration of polyaniline was 0.7mol/L and the concentration of graphene was 0.15mol/L, the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding performance of the composite fabric came to the best under controlled sputtering power of 200W and time of 20 minutes.
Research status and Prospect of graphene/MnO2composites for supercapacitors
Authors: Li Anqi , Li Yue , Xin Binjie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe latest research progress of graphene/MnO2composites in supercapacitors is reviewed. The theoretical specific capacitance of MnO2is as high as 1370 F/g, but the actual specific capacitance is far less than the theoretical value due to the limitation of MnO2layer thickness. The combination of graphene and MnO2and the anchoring of MnO2nanostructures between graphene nanosheets can effectively inhibit the stacking of graphene and enhance the interfacial charge transfer. With the help of the synergistic effect of the two, it is expected to achieve high specific capacitance, high conductivity and good cycle stability. The preparation method and electrochemical performance of graphene/MnO2composite were introduced. The electrochemical performance was further improved due to the introduction of conductive polymer. Finally, it is pointed out that graphene/MnO2composites and devices still face a series of problems such as safety and reliability, large-scale production and cost reduction. With the continuous maturity and breakthrough of technology, it is expected to be applied in industry, transportation and daily electronic devices.
Extract nano cellulose from flax as thermoelectric enhancement material
Authors: Hu Jing , Li Ranran , Zhang Kaiwei , Meng Yan , Wang Mengqi , Liu Yuqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a natural nanomaterial extracted from nature. Because of its inherent low thermal conductivity, CNF is considered to be an ideal and environmentally friendly substrate for the construction of flexible thermoelectric materials. In this paper, flax cellulose nanofibers (FF-CNF) were extracted from flax by ternary oxidation mediated by TEMPO, and then mixed with graphene and bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) to prepare composite thermoelectric thin films in order to obtain a kind of flexible thermoelectric composites with excellent thermoelectric properties. The results show that the prepared graphene/FF-CNF/Bi2Te3 composite film has good thermoelectric properties, and the maximum power factor can reach 6.4 × 10−2 μW/mK2. The LED lamp is lit at 70k temperature difference, which opens the way for flexible environment-friendly thermoelectric materials.
Improved Convex Hull Algorithm Applied to Body Size Measurements
Authors: Qi Fang , GuangWu Sun , Yu Chen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Quickhull algorithm is a very efficient convex hull algorithm for many engineering application. Although it can be applied in the clothing industry, its conventional formulation requires massive computational resources when processing point clouds from concave parts of the human body. Thus, we improve the Quickhull algorithm and apply it to accurately estimate human body dimensions. Assuming body symmetry with respect to the sagittal plane, some concave points can be quickly deleted to reduce the number of recursions, enhancing the overall calculation efficiency. Compared with the traditional Quickhull algorithm, the efficiency of the improved algorithm increases by 15.1–24.4%. Additionally, the computation time of the improved Quickhull algorithm is about three-quarters that of Graham’s scan. We expect that this study provides insights on the application of body size measurement and estimation based on 3D scan data.
Research on college students’ garment consumption behavior and low-carbon lifestyle
Authors: Yang Qian , Li Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We survey 260 college students on their lifestyles on carbon footprint and their garment consumption behavior. Using the methods of factor and cluster analysis in SPSS, we show that there is a strong relationship between a carbon lifestyle and purchasing decisions on garment. Students with low-carbon lifestyle tend more likely to make environmentally friendly decisions. It provides necessary basic information for garment enterprises to develop marketable products and a corresponding market.
An institutional approach to vulnerability: evidence from natural hazard management in Europe
Authors: Papathoma-Köhle M , Thaler T , Fuchs S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Institutional vulnerability to natural hazards has not been thoroughly investigated until now. Yet, institutional vulnerability is strongly connected to all other vulnerability dimensions, and specific socio-economic and physical indicators. Moreover, different types of crises such as economic, political or health crisis strongly affect the institutional capacity of communities to deal with the consequences of natural hazards. For this reason, a deep insight to the institutional dimension of vulnerability is needed in order to reduce disaster risk under the effects of climate but also socio-economic change. In the present paper, institutional vulnerability is defined and its main pillars and drivers are identified. A framework is presented showing the interactions between the drivers of institutional vulnerability and the indicators of other vulnerability dimensions (physical, social, economic, cultural and environmental). The interactions between institutional vulnerability and other vulnerability dimensions are highlighted through three European case studies: Greece, the United Kingdom and Austria. The case studies show how current issues such as the recent financial crisis and Brexit, may directly influence the drivers of institutional vulnerability and consequently all other vulnerability dimensions. The framework and the case studies clearly indicate that institutional vulnerability is an ‘umbrella’ dimension strongly related to all other dimensions and has to be approached as such in order to reduce vulnerability and, consequently, disaster risk.
Agricultural yield geographies in the United States
Authors: Burchfield Emily K , Nelson Katherine S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We examine the geographies of agricultural yields in the United States, home to some of the most productive agricultural systems on the planet. We model and map yield divergence from biophysical expectations and regional norms for five major crops—corn, soy, wheat, alfalfa, and hay—and assess how this divergence interacts with farm-level resources, farm(er) characteristics, and landscape context. Our results highlight the ways in which human activity has reinforced and intensified the yield geographies defined by sun, soil, and water alone. Yield gains brought by human activity are strongly associated with increased expenditure on inputs to production and receipts from federal programs, but not with net revenue gains for farmers. These yield gains vary across operator race, gender, farm size, and major US region. We also find that beyond a threshold, increased input expenditure is associated with marginally decreasing yields, raising important questions about the interactions between yields and farmer livelihoods. We conclude by discussing the importance of broadening the production-centric paradigm that has dominated agricultural innovation over the last century to include the well-being of the farmers and ecological systems on which agricultural production ultimately depends.
The decarbonisation of Europe powered by lifestyle changes
Authors: Costa Luís , Moreau Vincent , Thurm Boris , Yu Wusheng , Clora Francesco , Baudry Gino , Warmuth Hannes , Hezel Bernd , Seydewitz Tobias , Ranković Ana , Kelly Garret , Kropp Jürgen P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Decision makers increasingly recognise the importance of lifestyle changes in reaching low emission targets. How the mitigation potential of changes in mobility, dietary, housing or consumption behaviour compare to those of ambitious technological changes in terms of decarbonisation remains a key question. To evaluate the interplay of behaviour and technological changes, we make use of the European Calculator model and show that changes in behaviour may contribute more than 20% of the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions required for net-zero by 2050. Behaviour and technology-oriented scenarios are tested individually and in combination for the EU plus the UK and Switzerland. The impacts of behavioural change vary across sectors, with significant GHG emission reduction potential and broader benefits. Changes in travel behaviour limit the rising demand for electricity, natural resources and infrastructure costs from the electrification of passenger transport. Adopting a healthy diet reduces emissions substantially compared to intensifying agricultural practices, while at the same time making cropland available for conservation or bioenergy crops. The trade-offs between energy and food may be substantially alleviated when deploying technological and behavioural changes simultaneously. The results suggest that without behavioural change, the dependency of Europe on carbon removal technologies for its net-zero ambitions increases. Structural changes will be necessary to achieve full decarbonisation by 2050, yet changes in lifestyles are crucial, contributing to achieving climate targets sooner.
Statistics of escape exponent in normal and anomalous diffusion
Authors: Li Jiangdan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes escape exponent to characterize localization or escape of moving particles, which will determine the diffusion process. So the diffusion process can also be described by the evolution of the distribution density of escape exponent with time. We studied some typical distribution density of escape exponent and discussed their properties, and an interesting phenomenon is that the escape exponent distribution of Brownian particles is δ function in the long time limit. Furthermore, we generate new diffusion process by linear transformation of the escape exponent, and many types of diffusion processes can be obtained by selecting appropriate control parameters. Among the various transformations, only the new diffusion process under the translation transformation correspond to the solution of the distorted diffusion equation.
Properties and carbon stocks of tropical tidal peat soils deposited on coral limestone in Numfor and Supiori Islands, Papua Province
Authors: Gani R A , Barus P A , Sukarman  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tidal peatlands in Numfor and Supiori Island, Papua are unique because it accumulates above coral limestone on the tidal environment. The substratum layer is solid coral limestone (lithic contact). The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and carbon stocks in these areas. The soil samples were collected from each horizon for chemical and physical analysis. Carbon stocks estimation was calculated by multiplying peat thickness, area, bulk density, and organic C content in each soil map unit. The results showed that tidal peat soil reaction was acid to neutral (pH H2O 4.9 to 7.3), while soil salinity was very high (8.32 to 22.3 dS m−1). The cation content is very high in the order of dominance of Na> Ca> Mg> K. Peat thickness varied from shallow to deep (50 to <300 cm). Soil organic C content ranged from 23.03 to 46.99% and bulk density ranged from 0.12 to 0.36 g cm−3. The average of carbon stock in each peat soil map unit was 1.151 to 1.314 t ha−1. Peat soils deposited on coral limestone in this region should be preserved as conservation areas due to its functions as a carbon sink and part of a tidal hydrological unit.
Design and development of information system for tractors distribution based on android in Maros Regency of South Sulawesi
Authors: Kresna A B , Achmad M , Iqbal  , Hanifa A P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the major issues in agricultural machinery and equipment grant programs is the difficulty to access the information of their distribution. So far, the data collection process is still done manually. This system needs to be replaced with a more reliable and more efficient system to map the distribution of the agricultural machinery and can be accessed through android mobile. This study aimed to design and develop information system based on android that can be used to locate tractors distribution, a case study in Maros Regency. The application was designed using Android Studio and Google Maps API, supported by Firebase google and stored at Firebase cloud. Java was used as the language program, and PHP MySQL was employed as a data basis. An android-based application, namely “GIS Tractor” is designed and released for mapping the distribution of tractors in Maros. The developed system can be easily maintained, and data can be updated in real-time by an administrator and accessed by anyone through a login procedure to access the information of machinery distribution. GIS Tractor application has been successfully tested on Android Operating System 4.0-10.0, enable everyone to find information about tractor distribution.
Spatial landuse planning for developing sustainable food crop areas using land evaluation approach and GIS application (a case study of Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan)
Authors: Bhermana A , Syamsuddin  , Suparman  , Agustini S , Susilawati  , Irwandi D , Firmansyah M A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The need of landuse planning become apparent since the lands have the opportunity to be developed. Appropriate landuse planning based on spatial land resource data management is then required, in order to achieve sustainable landuse. The objective of this study was to design and allocate appropriate agricultural land regions for land use policy through extensification and intensification programs in order to support sustainable food crops development areas. The procedure of land resource evaluation consisting of land capability evaluation (LCE) and land suitability evaluation (LSE) was applied to determine land allocation of arable lands for rice farming development. The use of geographic information system (GIS) technology was also employed not only for spatial data management but it can also be applied to support decision making within establishing landuse planning. In the case of Pulang Pisau District, land allocation for extensification and intensification regions are mainly found in southern part and mostly located at watershed areas with each total area of 380,261 ha (36.81%) and 29,941 ha (2.90%), respectively. In order to support these potential areas, specific programs can then be formulated to increase the yield and productivity for these regions.
Pedogenic processes of carbonate rocks in the tropical region as a key for sustainable soil management
Authors: Ahmad A , Farida M , Lopulisa C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Efforts to maintain the available nutrients on the soil are very important in management. This research aims to study the pedogenic processes of carbonate rocks in the tropics as a key for sustainable soil management. Five carbonate rock samples and 23 soil samples from 8 soil profiles in areas cultivated as paddy fields were analyzed. Increasing soil depth means decreasing soil organic matter content from 5% to 2%, soil pH ranges from 5.72 to 6.81, but calcium content is only in the low to moderate range (3-8%). The pedogenic process of carbonate rock shows an increase in oxide minerals and nodules both on the part of the soil used in tillage and no-tillage. Most of the calcite minerals that exist in the soil have turned into micrite (small size of calcite minerals), oxide and clay mineral which shows the weathering of calcite minerals which resulting in the release of CO2 because it is not bound in the clay mineral composition and oxide minerals. The release of CO2 gas into the air must be inhibited by the addition of organic matter through the incorporation of crop residues to the soil, so that sustainable land use can be maintained and the greenhouse gas effect can be inhibited.
Response of Andisols to intensive agricultural land use: Implication on changes in P accumulation and colloidal surface charge
Authors: Anda M , Kasno A , Ginting C B , Barus P A , Purwanto S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The response of Andisols to intensive agricultural practices were not fully explored although intensive cultivation has been practiced for a long period of time. The objective of the review is to bring together all findings, which have been documented with the focus on changes in soil organic matter, P content and retention, and colloidal surface charge. The Andisols contain an abundance of nano-clay consisting mainly of hollow allophane spherules forming globular aggregates of about 100 nm in diameter, indicating the large reactive surface area. A huge quantity of P has been accumulated in the uppermost two soil horizons, deriving from residue of continuous application of P fertilizer. Andisols have a strong ability to retain organic C through ligand exchange of metal hydroxyl functional groups with organic functional groups. The soil colloids bear a positive charge at soil pH less than 5. The colloidal negative charge is continuously increased with increasing soil pH over 5.0. Hence, the Andisols should be managed by maintaining soil pH above pH 5.0 by adding lime or compost to allow soil capability to retain cation and reduce P fixation. Nano-clay has positive impact on carbon stabilization and therefore C sequestration.
Properties of soils from different landform and parent material in Kundur Island, Kepulauan Riau Province
Authors: Kricella P , Pratamaningsih M M , Subandiono R E 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information on soil properties derived from different landform and parent material can be used to establish an agricultural development strategy. This study aimed to determine the properties of the soil in Kundur Island. The soil survey was conducted to determine soils distribution and properties. A total of 24 samples from 8 pedons representing each landform and parent material were taken for laboratory analysis. The results showed that soils in Kundur Island were lying in granite intrusion, alluvial, peat, fluviomarine, and marine landform. The soil classifications were Dystrudepts, Hapludults, Udipsamments, Haplohemists, Haplosaprist, and Endoaquepts. The peatland soil was acidic to very acidic (pH 2.6-3.5) with very high Al saturation (62-81%) due to mineral enrichment. Udipsamments derived from granite intrusion have higher carbon content and slightly lower base saturation than Dystrudepts and Hapludults, which were derived from the same parent material. The soil in fluviomarine landform contains very high exchangeable Na (12.9-18.0 cmolc kg−1) due to the influence of saline water. For the agricultural development in Kundur Island, soil derived from granite intrusion and peatland need liming to suppress soil acidity while soil derived from clay and sand deposits in alluvial and fluviomarine landform should consider saline water intrusion.
Distribution of pyrite depth and soil properties in fresh water swampland in North Candi Laras Sub-district, South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Muslim R Q , Ritung S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the challenges of swamp land utilization for agricultural uses is the existence of pyrite (FeS2), especially in the top soil. The aim of this research was to study the distribution of pyrite position with depth and soil properties in fresh water swamp land in North Candi Laras Sub-district, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Pyrite layer was determined by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its unique reaction was marked by foam existence with soil pH <2.5. Ten soil samples analyzed to determine physical and chemical properties. The result of this research showed that pyrite depth varied from 25 cm to >100 cm. The depths of pyrite material were grouped into 25 to 50 cm, 51 to 75 cm, 76 to100 cm, and 101 to 150 cm. The closer to the river, pyrite depth in the soil was deeper. The pyrite depth affected soil pH and cations. Soils containing pyrite material were very acidic with an average field soil pH 4.0 to 4.5. Cation Ca, K, Na levels were higher with the shallower pyrite depth in the soil, meanwhile Mg was almost same in all pyrite depth groups. The information of pyrite position within the soil is useful for controlling water table management to prevent pyrite oxidation.