bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a Systematic Review Exploring the Psychometric Properties of Health and Wellbeing Measures Used With Adolescents Experiencing Intellectual Disabilities.
Authors: Maguire Stephanie , Davison Jenny , McLaughlin Marian , Simms Victoria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Whilst there are studies that have systematically reviewed the psychometric properties of Quality-of-Life measures for children and young people experiencing intellectual disabilities, these narrowly focus on disease or health conditions. The objective of this planned systematic review is therefore to collate, summarise and critically appraise the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents (aged 11–16) with an intellectual disability.
Methods

We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of studies which explores the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents experiencing intellectual disabilities. Electronic databases including PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ERIC will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Quantitative and mixed-methods studies, and studies published in peer-reviewed journals or grey literature will be included. Review papers, editorials and case studies will be excluded. Eligible studies should identify self and/or proxy reported health and wellbeing measures which assess health and wellbeing among adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed by applying the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist. The quality of the evidence (i.e., the total body of evidence used for the overall ratings on each psychometric property of an instrument) will be evaluated in accordance with the GRADE guidelines.
Discussion

This systematic review will be among the first to systematically explore the psychometric properties of health and wellbeing measures used with adolescents experiencing intellectual disabilities. By providing evidence-based knowledge about measures being used in health and wellbeing research amongst this population, and more importantly how reliable and valid these measures are, the most suitable for use will be identified. Our findings will be of potential interest to clinicians, researchers and service providers who need information about the methodological quality and the characteristics of measures to make informed decisions about the most reliable and valid tool for a specific purpose. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge surrounding available and appropriate measures to use for measuring the health and wellbeing of adolescents with intellectual disabilities, which are necessary to inform intervention development and future health policy.
Systematic Review Registration

The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The registration number is: CRD42021231697.
A Highly Efficient Protocol To Establish Regeneration And Genetic Transformation Systems And Create Targeted Mutations Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Lycium Ruthenicum
Authors: Wang Wang , Wang Hai , Liu Jiangmiao , Li Tong , Zhao Huien 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly become the preferred tool for various biological sequencing projects due to its high efficiency, specificity, simplicity and versatility, and it has been utilized for targeted genomic alternations in several important plants of Solanaceae, including tomato, tobacco, potato, petunia and groundcherry. Wolfberry is the sixth most important solanaceous crop in China following potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco. To date, there has been no report on CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve Lycium ruthenicum due to the unknown genome and the lack of efficient regeneration and genetic transformation systems.Results: In this study, we established a suitable regeneration and genetic transformation system of Lycium ruthenicum, the fw2.2 gene was identified, which was the first fruit weight gene identifified from tomato and accounted for 30% of the variation in fruit size. The gene editing of black wolfberry were carried out by CRISPR/ Cas9 for the first time here with a very high editing efficiency (95.45%) in fw2.2. Four homozygous mutations and nine biallelic mutations were obtained from T0 generation plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective for gene editing study of black wolfberry, and we expect this approach to be routinely applied to this important economic fruit.
A peculiar case of psychosis
Authors: Kouba Lamia , Alhosain Dalia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
● Background: Psychosis in pregnancy is rare and could be life-threatening. It requires prompt evaluation and proper management accordingly. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAr) encephalitis following herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is a rare cause of psychosis during pregnancy. ● Case presentation: A 20 year old woman at 18 weeks gestation presented with agitation and a 3-day history of hallucinations. She had a prior hospitalization for HSV encephalitis six weeks before. Her laboratory workup was unremarkable except for positive anti-NMDAr antibodies in the CSF. The patient was treated with high dose corticosteroids and plasmapheresis and she was discharged two weeks later fully recovered.● Conclusions: Anti-NMDAr encephalitis can be the culprit behind a new-onset of psychosis in pregnancy. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
Disparities in the implementation of the Health Extension Program in Ethiopia: doing more and better towards universal health coverage
Authors: Haregu Tilahun , Alemayehu Yibeltal Kiflie , Alemu Yibeltal Assefa , Medhin Girmay , Woldegiorgis Mulu Abraha , Fentaye Fasil Walelign , Gerbaba Mulusew J , Teklu Alula M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
IntroductionLarge-scale implementation of the Health Extension Program (HEP) has enabled Ethiopia to make significant progress in health services coverage and health outcomes. However, evidence on equity and disparities in implementation of the HEP and its outputs is limited. The aim of this study was to examine disparities in the implementation of the HEP in Ethiopia.MethodsWe used data from the 2019 National HEP assessment conducted between Oct 2018 and Sept 2019 in nine regions in the country. Data was collected from 62 districts, 343 Health posts, 179 Health centres, 584 Health Extension Workers (HEWs), 7,043 women from 7,122 Households. This study focused on selected input, service delivery, and service coverage indicators. We used rate differences, rate ratios and index of disparity to assess disparities in HEP implementation across regions.ResultsWe found wide interregional disparities in HEP implementation. Developing regional states (DRS) had significantly availability of qualified HEWs (Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.54), proportion of households visited by Health Extension workers (RR = 0.40, and proportion of mothers who received education on child nutrition (RR = 0.45) as compared national average. There are also significant disparities in HEP implementation among DRS in proportion of household visited by HEWs in the past 12 months (Index of disparity = 1.58) and proportion of adolescents who interacted with HEWs (Index of disparity = 1.43). Despite low overall coverage of health services in DRS, the contribution of the HEP for maternal health services is relatively high.ConclusionThere exist significant interregional disparities in HEP implementation in Ethiopia. The level of disparity among DRS is also remarkable. If the country is to achieve UHC, it is important that these disparities are addressed systematically and strategically. This calls for further attention in all regions, in general, and a tailored approach in DRS, in particular.
Epidemiology of Organophosphate Poisoning in North of Iran
Authors: Mohammadi-Kojidi Hamid , Pulok Mohammad Habibullah , Rad Enayatollah Homaie , Felezi-Nasiri Banafsheh , Attarchi Mirsaeid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The use of pesticides as one of the main agricultural poles has been increased in Iran in recent years. Organophosphate poisoning has harmful the consequences for human health. This study present clinical and laboratory evidences on the patients exposed to agricultural insecticides poisoning and the cause of these poisons.Methods: We collected clinical data from the patients referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran who were poisoned with organophosphorus toxins. For this purpose, a checklist was prepared, and data were collected for 414 patients between 2011 and 2016. Results: The results showed that the most cases of poisoning were men (73%) and about 27.2% of the patients was in the age group of 45-60 years (highest frequency in age groups)..The most frequent symptoms were vomiting (65%), nausea (61%), abdominal pain (39%), and perspiration (27%). There was also a decrease in consciousness (16%) and sialorrhea (16%). 186 (46.2%) patients were exposed to organophosphorus toxins by respiratory and 215 (53.4%) orally. Out of the 414 samples, 102 (33%) had abnormal CPK enzymes and 114 (34.5%) abnormal LDHs. Mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 3.3 days. We found significant relationship of LOS with heart failure, hypertension, and addiction. Conclusion: To better manage the process of treatment of agricultural poisoned patients and to reduce the waste of limited resources available, careful consideration should be given to the type of pesticide used by the patient to prevent overdose and unintentional use of antidote. Act.
Analysis of Equibiaxial Tension Tests for Hyperelastic EAP Film
Authors: luo huaan , Zhu Yin-Long , Zhao Hai-Feng , Zhang Jing-Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Equibiaxial tension tests for hyperelastic electroactive polymers (EAPs) are important means to obtain the mechanical properties. There are three main methods: equibiaxial planar tension, radial tension and bulge test. The finite element analysis software is used to model and analyze the influence of testing apparatus, specimen geometric parameters on the test results and accuracy. The results show that the uniformity of the deformation of the square film can be effectively improved by using single corner point fixed tension in equibiaxial planar tension test, and the force error also decreased; the number of the cuts and the size of punched holes should be appropriate in radial tension test of circular diaphragm specimen to avoid the material strength failure caused by excessive tension along the edge of transition arc between grips and excessive deformation of tensile belt between the cuts; in bulge test, the sampled deformation data should be near the spherical pole to obtain more accurate stress-strain relationship owing to contour error and non-uniform deformation, a certain range of model parameters will limit the scope of simulation analysis. This paper proposed research provides guidance for the design of equibiaxial tension test apparatus and method to obtain more accurate test results.
The Impact of Antimonopoly Regulation on Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Epidemiological Crisis: on the Example of Foreign Developed Countries and Russia
Authors: Borscheva Natalia Leonidovna , Fedorova Yulia Vyacheslavovna , Kirikutsa Elena Gennadievna , Islamova Guzal Ilgizovna , Fedorov Egor Andreevich 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Today, entrepreneurs are trying to compensate for the financial losses that they incur due to the epidemiological crisis. At the same time, they can use illegal ways to increase profits, driving competitors out of the market and infringing on the rights of consumers. In such conditions, there are two opposite trends: on the one hand, the state softens control, on the other — in a number of industries, regulation, on the contrary, increases. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of antimonopoly regulation on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in unfavorable conditions. It is generally believed that competition is the incentive for the development of innovations. Therefore, the task of maintaining the competitive state of the markets is the main task of the antimonopoly authorities. In fact, the actions of the antimonopoly authorities may not always achieve the set goal, sometimes the results of antimonopoly regulation may be the opposite of the desired ones, up to the appearance of anti-competitive effects. In this regard, the study of the impact of antimonopoly regulation on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the context of the epidemiological crisis in order to assess such an impact is timely and relevant.
The Therapeutic Effect of Circular RNA ST3GAL6 on Blocking GC Malignant Behaviors Through Autophagy Regulated by the FOXP2/MET/Mtor Axis
Authors: Xu Penghui , Zhang Xing , Cao Jiacheng , Yang Jing , Chen Zetian , Wang Weizhi , Wang Sen , Zhang Lu , Xie Li , Fang Lang , Xia Yiwen , Xuan Zhe , Lv Jialun , Xu Zekuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in motality among all cancers worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the malignant progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. As a transcription factor, FOXP2 is involved in the progression of many tumours. However, the regulation and association between circRNAs and FOXP2 remain to be discovered. Methods: RNA sequencing was used to explore differential circRNA expression profile in gastric cancer and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect circST3GAL6 expression. The cellular location of circST3GAL6 was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Functional experiments in circST3GAL6 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were performed in vitro and in vivo. The correlation between circST3GAL6 and miR-300 was confirmed by the RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The effects of circST3GAL6 on autophagy were detected by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism of the circST3GAL6/miR-300/FOXP2 axis was verified by western blotting. The transcriptional regulation of Met by FOXP2 was proven by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays.Results: CircST3GAL6 was significantly depressed in GC tissues and cells. circST3GAL6 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, circST3GAL6 overexpression induced apoptosis and promote autophagy in GC cells. Furthermore, we found that circST3GAL6 sponged miR-300 and subsequently regulated FOXP2. We further revealed that FOXP2 suppressed the activation of the Met/AKT/mTOR axis, a classic pathway that regulates autophagy-mediated proliferation and migration.Conclusion: Our ﬁndings revealed that circST3GAL6 functions as a tumour suppressor through the miR-300/FOXP2 axis in GC, regulates apoptosis and autophagy through FOXP2-mediated transcriptional inhibition of the MET axis and may be a biomarker for GC treatment.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Behaviour of SiC and Kaoline Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: vavilada venkatesh , Deoghare Ashish B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of naturally available and low-cost kaoline particles on the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of Al- SiC- Kaoline Hybrid metal matrix composite was investigated. Al-10% SiC- x% Kaoline (X = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) composite samples were fabricated through powder metallurgy technique by applying a compaction pressure of 350 MPa. The fabricated composite samples were subjected to Density, Hardness, tensile and impact tests to study the mechanical behaviour of fabricated hybrid composite. The presence of SiC and Kaoline reinforcements was confirmed by using SEM and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. It was observed that the maximum ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S) and maximum Yield Strength (Y.S) of the hybrid composite were found to be 263 MPa and 202 MPa for Al-10%SiC-4%kaoline reinforcement. The formation of the intermetallic compound such as Al2Cu was observed in XRD and SEM analysis for Al-10% SiC-6 % kaoline and Al-10% SiC-8% of kaoline reinforcement which leads to decrease in the U.T.S and Y.S of fabricated specimens. The impact strength of Al-10%SiC-8% kaoline found to be decreased by 44.4% compared to unreinforced Aluminium due to the presence of harder SiC and Kaoline reinforcements particles. To study the fracture mechanism, Scanning Electron Microscopy study was carried on the fractured Tensile specimens which reveal that ductile fracture in unreinforced Al, Al-10% SiC, Al-10% SiC-2% Kaoline due to the formation of dimples and Brittle fracture was observed in Al-10% SiC-4% Kaoline, Al-10% SiC-6% Kaoline and Al-10% SiC-8% Kaoline due to the existence of cleavages and microcracks.
Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of ligamentous injury associated with pelvic anterior–posterior compression fracture
Authors: Xu Yu , Ye Hantao , Zhou Chengwei , Sun Shuaibo , Bao Guodong , Kong Jianzhong , Guo xiaoshan , Shui xiaolong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Pelvic anterior–posterior compression (APC) fracture is typically associated with pelvic ligament damage. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate ligamentous injury associated with pelvic APC fracture.
Methods

Thirty healthy adults and 26 patients with pelvic APC fractures were enrolled in this study. All healthy adults underwent a series of MRI scans. Pelvic ligament visualization was scored [0 (poor) to 3 (excellent)] to identify the best scanning method. Then, MRI examination of patients with pelvic APC fracture was performed using this method.
Results

For healthy adults, oblique axial and axial scans provided the best visualization of the anterior sacroiliac ligament [ASL; good and excellent scores in 100% (30/30) and 96.7% (29/30) of cases, respectively; both P < 0.05 vs. coronal scans], followed by coronal scans [73.3% (22/30)]; sagittal scans provided poor visualization of this ligament (0%). Oblique sagittal scans provided the best visualization of the sacrotuberous ligament (SBL) and sacrospinous ligament [SPL; good and excellent scores in 90% (27/30) and 67.7% (20/30) of cases, respectively]. In patients with type I APC fracture, all three ligaments were intact without injury; in those with type III fracture, all three ligaments had ruptured. All type II APC fractures were associated with ASL rupture; the other two ligaments were injured simultaneously in 8 (42.1%) cases and two ligaments were uninjured simultaneously in 7 (36.8%) of these cases. Four patients had pubic symphysis separation > 30 mm, with no SBL or SPL injury; two patients had about 25 mm separation with SPL injury.
Conclusion

Healthy and injured pelvic ligaments can be evaluated using MRI; oblique axial and axial scanning are best for ASL visualization, and oblique sagittal scanning are best for SPL and SBL visualization. Pubic symphysis separation > 25 mm is not necessarily associated with SPL or SBL injury.
Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels
Authors: Kayiwa Ronald , Kasedde Hillary , Lubwama Michael , Kirabira John Baptist 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The search for alternatives to fossil based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include; yield, surface area, pore volume and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Highly porous AC was prepared from cassava peels by pre-treating and activating them using NaOH and KOH respectively. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780°C in an activation-carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH: peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g− 1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g− 1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780°C but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g− 1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g− 1) was observed at 780°C. The Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C-H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm− 1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the melting point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The SEM imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC.
Differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile for diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Ming , Su Mingyang , Shu Lirong , Wang Hongxian , Wu Xiaoqian , Zhong Guocheng , Tang Zhixiong , Chen Peng , Zhang Shasha , Wang Yun , Yu Li , Gou Deming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, has been proved to have both altered plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation and fragmentation profile, nevertheless, simultaneously detecting both of them for breast cancer diagnosis has never been reported. Moreover, although it is known that fragmentation pattern of cfDNA is determined by nuclease digestion of chromatin, structure of which may be affected by DNA methylation, whether cfDNA methylation and fragmentation are biologically related or not still remains unclear.Methods A total of 25 plasm samples from both healthy individuals and patients with breast cancer were divided into discovery cohort and validation cohort. Improved cfMeDIP-seq were utilized to simultaneously profile both cfDNA methylation and fragments size, short fragments ratio were investigated in differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The feasibility of using cfDNA fragmentation profile in hypo- and hyper- methylated regions as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer was evaluated.Results Mean cfDNA fragments size ranging from 100 to 220 base pairs (bp) was found to increase from 170.06 (Input libraries) to 173.04 (IP libraries) bp in healthy individuals, which was not observed in patients with breast cancer (170.51 to 170.71 bp). Furthermore, mean size of cfDNA fragments mapped to hypomethylated regions decreased more in patients with breast cancer (4.60 bp, 172.33 bp in hypermethylated regions to 167.73 bp in hypomethylated regions) than healthy individuals (2.87 bp, 174.54 bp in hypermethylated regions to 171.67 bp in hypomethylated regions). An approach called ‘correlation assessment of DMRs-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile’ was developed to evaluate the feasibility of using abnormality of short cfDNA fragments ratio in hypomethylated genomic windows for diagnosis of breast cancer in validation cohort. 7 out of 11 patients were detected as having breast cancer (63.6% sensitivity), whereas no healthy individuals were mis-detected (100% specificity).Conclusion We identified enriched short cfDNA fragments after 5mC-immunoprecipitation (IP) in patients with breast cancer, and demonstrated the enriched short cfDNA fragments might originated from hypomethylated genomic regions. Furthermore, we proved the feasibility of using differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile for breast cancer diagnosis.