bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revitalized Karuk and Yurok cultural burning to enhance California hazelnut for basketweaving in northwestern California, USA
Authors: Marks-Block Tony , Lake Frank K. , Bliege Bird Rebecca , Curran Lisa M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundKaruk and Yurok tribes in northwestern California, USA, are revitalizing the practice of cultural burning, which is the use of prescribed burns to enhance culturally important species. These cultural burns are critical to the livelihoods of indigenous peoples, and were widespread prior to the establishment of fire exclusion policies. One of the major objectives of cultural burning is to enhance California hazelnut (Corylus cornutaMarsh var.californica) basketry stem production for Karuk and Yurok basketweavers. To evaluate cultural burning as a form of human ecosystem engineering, we monitored hazelnut basketry stem production, qualities, and shrub density in 48 plots (400 m2) within two prescribed and 19 cultural burn sites. Socio-ecological variables that were analyzed included burn frequency, burn season, overstory tree (≥10 cm diameter at breast height) basal area, ungulate browse, and aspect. We also observed basketry stem gathering to compare travel distances, gathering rates, and basketweaver preferences across sites with different fire histories and land tenure.ResultsHazelnut shrubs, one growing season post burn, produced a 13-fold increase in basketry stems compared with shrubs growing at least three seasons post burn (P< 0.0001). Basketry stem production and stem length displayed negative relationships with overstory tree basal area (P< 0.01) and ungulate browse (P< 0.0001). Plots burned at high frequency (at least three burn events from 1989 to 2019) had 1.86-fold greater hazelnut shrubs than plots experiencing less than three burn events (P< 0.0001), and were all located on the Yurok Reservation where land tenure of indigenous people is comparatively stronger. Basketweavers travelled 3.8-fold greater distance to reach gathering sites burned by wildfires compared with those that were culturally burned (P< 0.01). At cultural burn sites, wildfire sites, and fire-excluded sites, mean gathering rates were 4.9, 1.6, and 0.5 stems per minute per individual, respectively.ConclusionsKaruk and Yurok cultural fire regimes with high burn frequencies (e.g.,three to five years) promote high densities of hazelnut shrubs and increase hazelnut basketry stem production. This improves gathering efficiency and lowers travel costs to support the revitalization of a vital cultural practice. Our findings provide evidence of positive human ecosystem engineering, and show that increasing tribal sovereignty over fire management improves socio-economic well-being while at the same time supports measures of ecosystem structure and function.
Identification and optimization of triphenylmethane dyes removal by Streptomyces sp. from forest soil
Authors: Adenan Nurul Hidayah , Lim Yau Yan , Ting Adeline Su Yien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study identified a common Streptomyces sp. (MN262194) from forest soil as an efficient decolorizer of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes. Partial 16S rRNA sequencing identified the isolate as possibly Streptomyces bacillaris (similarity 99.32%). Live and dead cells of Streptomyces sp. were applied to decolorize Malachite Green (MG), Methyl Violet (MV), Crystal Violet (CV), and Cotton Blue (CB). The decolorization efficacy for both cell types was further optimized based on One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) method to determine the influence of pH, agitation speed (rpm), biomass (g), initial dye concentration (mg L− 1), and oxygen. Removal of TPM dyes was repeated for both live and dead cells using combined optimal conditions determined for each biomass type. Results revealed that optimum conditions for live cells were pH 7, 100 rpm agitation, 0.5 g cell biomass, initial dye concentration of 100 mg L− 1 (50 mg L− 1 for CB), and with the presence of oxygen. In contrast, pH 9 (MG, MV, CV) and pH 3 (CB), with 100 rpm agitation, 0.75 g cell biomass, and initial dye concentrations of 100 mg L− 1 (50 mg L− 1 for CB), were the optimum conditions for dead cells. At optimal conditions, live cells showed significantly higher decolorization activities for all dyes (MG 95%, MV 92%, CV 87%, CB 68%). Removal of TPM dyes was via biosorption and biodegradation, detected with changes of ultraviolet-visible spectra between the untreated dye and treated dye. Sorption by Streptomyces sp. conforms to the Langmuir isotherm model. Streptomyces sp. was established as an effective decolorizer for most TPM dyes with > 85% decolorization (with the exception for CB).
The role of dynamic and diffusion MR imaging in therapeutic response assessment after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using LI-RADS v2018 treatment response algorithm
Authors: Mahmoud Bahaa Eldin , Gadalla Amr Abd Elfattah Hassan , Elkholy Shaima Fattouh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microwave ablation (MWA) is a widely used treatment option having less morbidity and complications as compared with surgery and liver transplantation. MRI is the most widely used modality in the assessment of treatment response after MWA. Currently, LI-RADS v2018 algorithm is considered the cornerstone in daily clinical practice for assessment of the treatment response after locoregional therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the role of dynamic MRI and diffusion imaging in the assessment of treatment response and detection of tumor viability following microwave ablation therapy of HCC according to LI-RADS v2018 treatment response algorithm.

Results
This retrospective study was performed over 45 HCC lesions underwent MWA as the only therapeutic procedure and followed up by dynamic MRI with diffusion images and then classified according to the LI-RADS treatment response criteria into LR-TR viable and LR-TR nonviable groups. All the malignant lesions found in this study showed arterial phase hyperenhancment (APHE), whether in the early or late arterial phases. Delayed washout was found in all malignant lesions as well. In the diffusion analysis, the mean ADC value for the malignant lesions was 0.900 ± 0.126 × 10-3 mm2/s, while the mean ADC of the treatment-related specific benign parenchymal enhancement was 1.284 ± 0.129 × 10-3 mm2/s with a significant statistical difference in between (P = 0.0001) and a cutoff value of 1.11 × 10-3 mm2/s. Our findings showed that the dynamic MRI has 100% sensitivity, 93.5% specificity, 87.5% PPV, and 100% NPV in the detection of tumoral activity compared with 71.43% sensitivity, 93.55% specificity, 83.33% PPV, and 87.88% NPV for diffusion images.

Conclusion
LI-RADS 2018 provides a treatment response algorithm superior to the previously used assessment criteria. MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced technique and diffusion imaging provide a powerful tool in the evaluation of treatment response after microwave ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma using the LI-RADS treatment response criteria and is considered a reliable method in differentiating between the recurrent or residual malignant lesions and the posttreatment benign liver changes.
Functional disability and health-related quality of life in juvenile idiopathic arthritis children from Beni-Suef
Authors: Abdelaleem Enas A. , Ezzat Dina A. , Mostafa Gehad R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common childhood disease which causes significant impairment in quality of life. The aim of the study is to assess the health-related quality of life and its relation to functional disability in JIA patients.
Child health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) and pediatrics quality of life 4 generic core questionnaire (PedsQL) were used to evaluate functional disability and health-related quality of life.

Results
CHAQ (VAS) of JIA patients ranged from 0 to 9 with a mean of 3.64 ± 2.9 (SD), and of controls ranged from 0 to 4 with a mean of 1.32 ± 1.3 (SD) with a statistically significant difference and a p value of 0.001. CHAQ-disability index (DI) of the cases ranged from 0 to 3 with a mean of 1.06 ± 0.9 (SD) and of controls was consistent = 0. Pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) among cases ranged from 26.08 to 91.3 with a mean of 67.95 ± 19.2 (SD) and among controls ranged from 78.27 to 100 with a mean of 90.73 ± 7.7 (SD) showing statistically significant difference with a p value < 0.001.
Childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) scores were significantly higher among studied females with JIA as compared with males. The mean CHAQ-DI scores were 4.56 ± 2.7 vs. 1.29 ± 2.6 in females and males respectively with a significant p value of 0.002. The mean CHAQ-(VAS) scores were 1.38 ± 0.8 vs. 0.23 ± 0.3 in females and males respectively with a significant p value of 0.016. Pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) scores were significantly higher among studied males with JIA as compared with studied females. The childhood health assessment questionnaire (CHAQ) was negatively correlated with all (physical, emotional, social, and school) items of the pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
We found a significant impairment in the functional ability and health-related quality of life in patients with JIA compared to healthy children, with more impairment in females than males. CHAQ was negatively correlated with all items of PedsQL.
Seismic fragility analysis for tall pier bridges with rocking foundations
Authors: Chen Xu , Li Jianzhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCostal bridge systems usually contain tall piers with heights over 40 m, due to the engineering site exposed to deep water circumstances. Note that the conventional seismic isolation devices (e.g., isolation bearings) are not that effective for tall piers, since their dynamic performance is significantly affected by the distributed mass and vibration modes of columns; therefore, base isolation design philosophy could be a promising alternative for mitigating seismic demands of this type of bridges. This paper mainly investigates the efficiency of rocking foundations in improving seismic performance of tall pier bridges, with the results presented in the format of fragility curves. Finite element model of the prototype tall pier bridge is developed, and the responses subjected to near-fault motions are obtained using nonlinear time history analysis. Probability seismic demand models and fragility curves are then developed accordingly, based on which the performance of tall pier bridges are assessed. The results show that employment of rocking foundations could significantly reduce the demands of tall piers and the probability of being damaged. Before the initiation of uplifting at pier base, the behavior of rocking piers resembles that of conventional ones with integrated foundation. While rocking initiates under strong excitations, the demands of rocking piers reduce drastically compared with integrated ones and tend to be similar under different motions, which benefits the post-earthquake performance assessment of these bridges.
The efficacy of antidepressant medication and interpersonal psychotherapy for adult acute-phase depression: study protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data
Authors: Driessen Ellen , Cohen Zachary D. , Weissman Myrna M. , Markowitz John C. , Weitz Erica S. , Hollon Steven D. , Browne Dillon T. , Rucci Paola , Corda Carolina , Menchetti Marco , Bagby R. Michael , Quilty Lena C. , O'Hara Michael W. , Zlotnick Caron , Pearlstein Teri , Blom Marc B. J. , Altamura Mario , Gois Carlos , Schneider Lon S. , Twisk Jos W. R. , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: February 2021

Background
Antidepressant medication and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) are both recommended interventions in depression treatment guidelines based on literature reviews and meta-analyses. However, ‘conventional’ meta-analyses comparing their efficacy are limited by their reliance on reported study-level information and a narrow focus on depression outcome measures assessed at treatment completion. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis, considered the gold standard in evidence synthesis, can improve the quality of the analyses when compared with conventional meta-analysis.

Aims
We describe the protocol for a systematic review and IPD meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of antidepressants and IPT for adult acute-phase depression across a range of outcome measures, including depressive symptom severity as well as functioning and well-being, at both post-treatment and follow-up (PROSPERO: CRD42020219891).

Method
We will conduct a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library to identify randomised clinical trials comparing antidepressants and IPT in the acute-phase treatment of adults with depression. We will invite the authors of these studies to share the participant-level data of their trials. One-stage IPD meta-analyses will be conducted using mixed-effects models to assess treatment effects at post-treatment and follow-up for all outcome measures that are assessed in at least two studies.

Conclusions
This will be the first IPD meta-analysis examining antidepressants versus IPT efficacy. This study has the potential to enhance our knowledge of depression treatment by comparing the short- and long-term effects of two widely used interventions across a range of outcome measures using state-of-the-art statistical techniques.
Identification of Circulating hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 as Novel Biomarkers for Detection of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lu Ya-Ke , Chu Xi , Wang Shuo , Sun Yue , Zhang Jie , Dong Jing , Yan Yu-Xiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are involved in the development of diseases by regulating gene expression, have become promising novel biomarkers for diseases.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to identify the circulating circRNA biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
The circRNA expression profiles were screened by microarray and compared between 5 new T2D cases and 5 healthy controls. The expression of candidate circRNAs that may be involved in the insulin phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway were validated by RT-qPCR in a second sample with 30 T2D cases and 30 controls. The association between circRNAs and T2D and their clinical significances were further assessed by logistic regression model, correlation analysis, and ROC curve in a large cohort comprising 313 subjects. The microRNA (miRNA) targets of circRNAs were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay.

Results
Low expressed circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 were independent predictors of T2D, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and insulin resistance. The 2-circRNA panel had a high diagnostic accuracy for discriminating T2D and IFG from healthy controls, especially when body mass index was integrated. miR-19a-3p and miR-1-3p were identified as the miRNA targets of hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between the expression levels of AKT and hsa_circ_0063425, PI3K and hsa_circ_0056891, in the total sample and subgroups stratified by glucose levels.

Conclusion
Downregulated hsa_circ_0063425 and hsa_circ_0056891 might contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D. They are valuable circulating biomarkers for early detection of T2D, which may be involved in regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling.
Anastrozole Improves Final Adult Height in Severe Hypothyroidism With Rapid Pubertal Progression
Authors: Hodax Juanita K , Topor Lisa Swartz , Bialo Shara R , Quintos Jose Bernardo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Severe prolonged hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis may lead to rapid pubertal progression and compromised adult height after initiation of levothyroxine (LT4) therapy. There are no reports of aromatase inhibitor use to augment height in these patients. We describe a patient with severe hypothyroidism and growth failure who experienced rapid pubertal and bone age maturation on initiation of LT4 therapy. Anastrozole was added after 2 years to delay epiphyseal fusion.
A boy aged 12 years and 1 month presented to the endocrine clinic with short stature and a markedly delayed bone age of 6 years. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1.5 × 1.0 × 1.2-cm enlarged lobular anterior pituitary. On examination, his height was –3.5 SD score (SDS) and weight was –2.87 SDS. Laboratory studies showed elevated thyrotropin (TSH) 850.6 μIU/mL, low free thyroxine 0.25 ng/dL, and elevated antithyroid antibodies. LT4 was initiated with normalization of TSH after 6 months. After 2 years of treatment he demonstrated catch-up growth with rapid bone age maturation, and his predicted adult height was compromised at 164.6 cm vs a midparental target height of 175.4 cm. Anastrozole 1 mg once daily was initiated. After 1.5 years of anastrozole treatment, the rate of his bone age advancement had slowed and his linear growth remained robust. The patient’s near-final height (167 cm) was 2.4 cm taller than his height prediction prior to starting anastrozole.
Anastrozole slowed the rate of bone age advancement in a patient with severe hypothyroidism and rapidly progressive puberty during treatment with LT4, leading to improvement in near-final height.
A theoretical model for optimal control of banana Moko (Musa AAB Simmonds)
Authors: Grajales Amorocho Marly , Muñoz Loaiza Anibal 
Published: February 2021

A population simulation model with non-linear ordinary differential equations is presented, which interprets the dynamics of the banana Moko, with prevention of the disease and population of susceptible and infected plants over time. A crop with a variable population of plants and a logistic growth of replanting is assumed, taking into account the maximum capacity of plants in the delimited study area. Also, with the help of farmers, the costs of implementing prevention strategies and elimination of infected plants were calculated per week in order to determine the optimal conditions that control the disease and reduce production costs. We found that the implementation of prevention strategies (f) plays an important role, but the parameter that most influences the threshold value is the elimination of infected plants g. However, to reduce production costs due to the high implementation of prevention strategies and to maintain the disease in a controlled state, both controls u1 and u2 should be implemented between 40% and 60%, obtaining with this percentage an approximate reduction of 51.37% in production costs per week, where in 23 weeks following the same conditions it is expected to have a healthy plantation without infected plants.
Oral healthcare in the older population: An increasing challenge to the uk dental profession
Authors: Barrow Hannah , Ashley Martin 
Published: February 2021

The percentage of the UK population that is over 65 years old is growing and this brings a number of complex challenges for the dental profession. Patients are struggling to attend for appointments and those who do are attending with increasing physical and mental morbidities and greater care needs, with dementia, in particular, bringing significant difficulties and complications during dental management. This article describes the oral manifestations of dementia and provides clinical advice to practitioners in supporting these patients, and discusses communication, diagnosis, treatment planning, consent, the dental practice environment and home care advice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the challenges an older population brings to the dental profession, focusing on the complications dementia creates. It describes its oral manifestations, as well as providing clinical advice to help practitioners support these patients in all aspects of their care.
Cascaded frequency conversion under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
Authors: Aashna Pragati , Thyagarajan K. 
Published: February 2021

A comprehensive study of two simultaneous three wave mixing
processes,
a
second harmonic
generation
followed by difference frequency generation, under nonlinear
stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
(STIRAP)
is presented. An input pump is up-converted to its second harmonic,
which then gets down-converted to a signal and idler pair with
frequencies lying very close to the input pump in such a manner that
complete conversion from the pump to the signal and idler takes place
without exciting the second harmonic under counterintuitive adiabatic
passage. This process involves nonlinear STIRAP with a nonlinear dark
state similar to atomic population transfers, and we bring an analogy
from atomic systems to our nonlinear dynamics to linearize the problem
and analytically obtain the adiabaticity condition required for
complete conversion. We also show that the nonlinear STIRAP mechanism
results in a large bandwidth of about 380 nm with almost complete
conversion of the pump to the signal and idler.