bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Close Look at Dissolved Silica Dynamics in Disko Bay, West Greenland
Authors: Hopwood Mark J. , Carroll Dustin , Gu Yuanyuan , Huang Xin , Krause Jana , Cozzi Stefano , Cantoni Carolina , Gastelu Barcena María Fernanda , Carroll Shandy , Körtzinger Arne 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDischarge of calved ice, runoff and mixing driven by subglacial discharge plumes likely have consequences for marine biogeochemistry in Disko Bay, which hosts the largest glacier in the northern hemisphere, Sermeq Kujalleq. Glacier retreat and increasing runoff may impact the marine silica cycle because glaciers deliver elevated concentrations of dissolved silica (dSi) compared to other macronutrients. However, the annual flux of dSi delivered to the ocean from the Greenland Ice Sheet is poorly constrained because of difficulties distinguishing the overlapping influence of different dSi sources. Here we constrain silica dynamics around Disko Bay, including the Ilulissat Icefjord and four other regions receiving glacier runoff with contrasting levels of productivity and turbidity. Both dissolved silica and Si* ([dSi]‐[NOx−]) concentrations indicated conservative dynamics in two fjords with runoff from land‐terminating glaciers, consistent with the results of mixing experiments. In three fjords with marine‐terminating glaciers, macronutrient‐salinity distributions were strongly affected by entrainment of nutrients in subglacial discharge plumes. Entrainment of dSi from saline waters explained 93 ± 51% of the dSi enrichment in the outflowing plume from Ilulissat Icefjord, whereas the direct contribution of freshwater to dSi in the plume was likely 0%–3%. Whilst not distinguished herein, other minor regional dSi sources include icebergs and dissolution of amorphous silica (aSi) in either pelagic or benthic environments. Our results suggest that runoff around Greenland is supplemented as a dSi source by minor fluxes of 0.25 ± 0.67 Gmol yr−1 dSi from icebergs and ∼1.9 Gmol year−1 from pelagic aSi dissolution.
Access to Healthy Built and Natural Environments and Physical Activity and Screen Time in New Zealand Adolescents: A Geospatial Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Marek L. , Wiki J. , Mandic S. , Spence J. C. , Smith M. , García Bengoechea E. , Coppell K. J. , Kingham S. , Hobbs M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe built and natural environment can facilitate (un)healthy behaviors in adolescence. However, most previous studies have focused on examining associations between singular aspects of the environment. This study examined the association between the mixture of health‐promoting and health‐constraining environmental features in a Healthy Location Index (HLI) and physical activity and screen time among adolescents. This cross‐sectional study used data from the Built Environment and Active Transport to School (BEATS) Research Program based in Dunedin, New Zealand. Data from 1,162 adolescents with complete demographic, health behavior and spatial records were included in the analysis. The environment was defined using the HLI based on access to health‐promoting (e.g., greenspace, blue space, physical activity facility) and health‐constraining (e.g., fast‐food outlets) features and their mixture. Quantile g‐computation and multilevel mixed effects models, with adolescents nested within schools, examined associations between the environment and the two health behaviors. A positive association existed between meeting physical activity guidelines and access to health‐promoting environments (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.03; 1.47]), particularly blue space. In addition, the mixture of health‐promoting and health‐constraining environments was also important (ψ = 1.18 [1.01; 1.37]). However, there was limited evidence of an association between the environment and screen time. We provide evidence of a relationship between health‐promoting environments, the mix of health‐promoting and health‐constraining environments, and physical activity among adolescents. The findings support the hypothesis that the environment has the potential to positively influence healthy behaviors of youth, particularly when it comes to physical activity.
Interactions Between Diurnal Warm Layers and Surface‐Layer Fronts
Authors: Peng Jen‐Ping , Jones Nicole L. , Rayson Matthew D. , Schmitt Mira , Umlauf Lars , Whitwell Christopher , Keating Shane R. , Shakespeare Callum J. , Ivey Gregory N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted the individual importance of diurnal warm layers (DWLs) and surface‐layer fronts within the surface boundary layer (SBL) in regulating energy, momentum, and gas exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. This study investigates the interactions between DWLs and surface‐layer fronts using field observations and numerical turbulence models. Our study provides the real‐ocean relevance of the coexistence of DWLs and surface‐layer fronts in the SBL in an eddy‐rich tropical ocean subjected to intense solar heating and weak winds. We found that the presence of a DWL isolates the deeper layers of the SBL from diabatic and frictional surface forcing, causing these layers to quickly become non‐turbulent whereas remaining in a state of marginal stability. This condition suggests that small perturbations from local processes, such as internal tides and waves, can easily trigger instability and turbulence. Additionally, frontal dynamics were observed to deepen the SBL, allowing near‐surface diurnal shear associated with DWL dynamics to penetrate to greater depths during nighttime, compared to conditions without a front, thereby facilitating the vertical transport of heat and tracers. Our findings underscore the necessity of accurately representing the interactions between DWLs and surface‐layer fronts to enhance the precision of ocean circulation and climate models.
Run‐Away Transition to Turbulent Strong‐Field Dynamo
Authors: Guseva A. , Petitdemange L. , Tobias S. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlanets and stars are able to generate coherent large‐scale magnetic fields by helical convective motions in their interiors. This process, known as hydromagnetic dynamo, involves nonlinear interaction between the flow and the magnetic field. Nonlinearity facilitates existence of bi‐stable dynamo branches: a weak field branch where the magnetic field is not strong enough to enter into the leading order force balance in the momentum equation at large flow scales, and a strong field branch where the field enters into this balance. The transition between the two with enhancement of convection can be either subcritical or supercritical, depending on the strength of magnetic induction. In both cases, it is accompanied by topological changes in velocity field across the system; however, it is yet unclear how these changes are produced. In this work, we analyze transitions between the weak and strong dynamo regimes using a data‐driven approach, separating different physical effects induced by dynamically active flow scales. Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition, we decompose the dynamo data from direct numerical simulations into different components (modes), identify the ones relevant for transition, and estimate relative magnitudes of their contributions Lorentz force and induction term. Our results suggest that subcritical transition to a strong dynamo is facilitated by a subharmonic instability, allowing for a more efficient mode of convection, and provide a modal basis for reduced‐order models of this transition.
A Novel Blind Adaptive 3D Beam Steering Algorithm for Interference Mitigation and Performance Enhancement in Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Manai Hosni , Ben Hadj Slama Larbi , Bouallegue Ridha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative blind adaptive 3D Beam steering algorithm designed to mitigate interference, ultimately improving the signal‐to‐interference and noise ratio (SINR) to enhance the overall performance of mMIMO (massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO)) networks. The proposed algorithm combines an optimized direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method with an inventive adaptive signal processing technique. To address the computational complexity associated with determining the 2D‐DoA of incoming signals, an improved RD‐MUSIC (Reduced Dimension ‐ MUltiple SIgnal Classification) estimator is proposed. This method streamlines the process into an efficient 1D search, significantly reducing computational overhead compared to conventional 2D‐MUSIC and minimizing noise, maintaining superior accuracy over the conventional RD‐MUSIC method. Leveraging the estimated 2D‐DoAs, the proposed adaptive signal processing technique integrates the Dolph‐Chebyshev weighting method with nulling constraints to calculate the optimal complex weig0hts necessary to accurately steer the main Beam toward the desired signal direction and create deep nulls in the directions of interfering signals, resulting in enhanced SINR. Compared to alternative algorithms, our approach demonstrates superior performance and offers an efficient solution without requiring a training signal or additional antenna elements. This is advantageous, particularly in environments with intense interference and high mobility, making it a promising candidate for future wireless systems.
MYSM1 attenuates osteoarthritis by recruiting PP2A to deubiquitinate and dephosphorylate RIPK2
Authors: Wei Kang , Zhou Chuankun , Shu Zixing , Shang Xingru , Zou Yi , Zhou Wei , Xu Huanhuan , Liang Yulin , Ma Tian , Sun Xuying , Xiao Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, is marked by cartilage degradation and pathological alterations in surrounding tissues. Currently, no effective disease-modifying treatments exist. This study aimed to elucidate the critical roles of Myb-like, SWIRM, and MPN domains 1 (MYSM1) and its downstream effector, Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), in OA pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed reduced MYSM1 levels in the cartilage of OA patients and mouse models. Genetic or adenovirus-induced MYSM1 knockout exacerbated OA progression in mice, whereas MYSM1 overexpression mitigated it. Mechanistically, MYSM1 inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Conversely, downstream RIPK2 significantly increased OA-like phenotypes and activated the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The Ripk2S176D mutation accelerated OA pathogenesis, while Ripk2 silencing or Ripk2S176A mutation deactivated NF-κB and MAPK pathways, counteracting the role of MYSM1. MYSM1 deubiquitinates and dephosphorylates RIPK2S176 by recruiting protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A). These results suggest that targeting MYSM1 or downstream RIPK2 offers promising therapeutic potential for OA.
Receptor-binding proteins from animal viruses are broadly compatible with human cell entry factors
Authors: Dufloo Jérémy , Andreu-Moreno Iván , Moreno-García Jorge , Valero-Rello Ana , Sanjuán Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cross-species transmission of animal viruses poses a threat to human health. However, systematic experimental assessments of these risks remain scarce. A critical step in viral infection is cellular internalization mediated by viral receptor-binding proteins (RBPs). Here we constructed viral pseudotypes bearing the RBPs of 102 enveloped RNA viruses and assayed their infectivity across 5,202 RBP–cell combinations. This showed that most of the tested viruses have the potential to enter human cells. Pseudotype infectivity varied widely among the 14 viral families examined and was influenced by RBP characteristics, host of origin and target cell type. Cellular gene expression data revealed that the availability of specific cell-surface receptors is not necessarily the main factor limiting viral entry and that additional host factors must be considered. Altogether, these results suggest weak interspecies barriers in the early stages of infection and advance our understanding of the molecular interactions driving viral zoonosis.
Soil phosphorus stocks could prolong global reserves and improve water quality
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Haygarth P. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Combining existing databases, we estimated global phosphorus stocks in croplands and grasslands that are not readily available to plants as 32–41% of the 2020 estimated geologic phosphorus reserves, representing 146–186 years of the 2020 mass of phosphorus fertilizer applied annually. Especially if accessed by more efficient crops, this stock could reduce the need for additional fertilizer, improve water quality and contribute to all-round phosphorus sustainability.
Simulation of weak electron beam injection into plasma with open boundary conditions
Authors: Annenkov Vladimir 
Published: January 2025

Context. Different high-energy events lead to the generation of electron beams in the solar atmosphere as well as in planetary magnetospheres. The propagation of these beams through space plasma becomes a main source of non-thermal emission, primarily on the harmonics of the fundamental plasma frequency. Due to the high level of non-linearity and the complexity of such systems, theoretical studies of them are largely based on numerical simulations. However, it is still common practice to use a simplified model in which periodic boundary conditions for fields and particles are used to simulate an infinite plasma.
Aims. In this work, the first attempt at high-resolution studies of the dynamics of a weak beam in space plasma using a model with open boundary conditions is reported. The general results of the simulations are compared with those obtained previously using the approximation of infinite plasma.
Methods. The continuous injection of an electron beam with an average velocity of vb = 0.25c (c – speed of light) and a relative density of nb/n0 = 5 ⋅ 10−4 (n0 – plasma density) into an unmagnetised plasma was simulated in a quasi-1D approximation using a collisionless electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. The background plasma was initially homogeneous and consisted of electrons and protons with the real mass ratio. The total simulation time was 10 000 ωp0−1, where ωp0 is the Langmuir frequency for the given n0.
Results. The present simulations demonstrate the formation of a spatially localised Langmuir turbulence in the close vicinity of the beam injection site. The continuous injection of fresh beam particles increases the amplitude of the plasma waves to values larger than those possible when simulating the same parameters in a simplified model. Plasma waves in this region turn out to be unstable against the modulation instability, so the formation of density wells followed by plasma wave trapping is observed. Some of the beam particles are significantly accelerated by previously arisen plasma waves. On average, only 10% of the beam energy gets lost in the system, but the distribution function is transformed into a flat-top form with a supra-thermal tail.
Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate several significant differences from the results of simulations using the approximation of infinite plasma. This fact emphasises the importance of using of a more realistic model for simulations of beam-plasma systems. In addition, using the model with open boundaries, in contrast to the simplified model, will allow us to correctly investigate the influence of not only random gradients of the plasma parameters, but also regular ones.
Do the Antenatal Care and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with a Vietnamese Migration Background Differ from Those of Other Women?
Authors: Lorenz-Meyer Lisa Antonia , Sziborra Clara , Henrich Wolfgang , David Matthias 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn Germany, 0.25% of the total population are persons with a Vietnamese migration background. There are almost no studies on this particular group of immigrants. We compared the perinatal data of women with a Vietnamese migration background with the pregnancy outcomes of non-Vietnamese women also living in Germany.After using name analysis to allocate women into different groups, the perinatal data of women with a Vietnamese migration background who gave birth between 1.1.2016 and 31.12.2019 in Campus Charité Mitte in Berlin were retrospectively evaluated. These data were compared in a 3:1 ratio with the data of women of non-Vietnamese origin and the same age and parity. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors which influenced caesarean section rates, the transfer rates of neonates to the neonatal department, and the rates of higher degree perineal tears.The perinatal data of 470 women with a Vietnamese migration background, 209 (44.5%) of whom were registered as living in a refugee shelter, were compared with those of 1410 controls. An “ideal pregnancy outcome,” which included giving birth after 37 + 0 weeks of gestation, a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 8, arterial cord blood pH ≥ 7.20, no transfer of the newborn to the neonatal department, and spontaneous birth or vacuum extraction without a higher degree perineal tear, was recorded for 44.5% of women with and 38.1% of women without a Vietnamese migration background (p = 0.1), despite the lower attendance rates at antenatal screening appointments of Vietnamese women. Accommodation in a shelter for refugees was a protective factor against caesarean section (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.36–0.73) and transfer of the newborn to the neonatal department (OR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.89). A Vietnamese migration background was a risk factor for a third-degree perineal tear (OR 5.4, 95% CI:
1.4–21.30)Despite lower levels of antenatal care, women with a Vietnamese migration background did not have poorer pregnancy outcomes.
EUS-guided gallbladder drainage vs dual stent transpapillary gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Amin Dhruval , Rau Prashanth , Cooper Katherine M. , Sayegh Lea , Mostafa Nouran , Achebe Ikechukwu , DeVore Zachary , Gonzalez Daniella , Stephanie Stephanie , Zivny Jaroslav , Mehta Savant , Marshall Christopher , Nasser-Ghodsi Navine , Storm Andrew C , Marya Neil B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCholecystectomy (CCY) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis. For non-surgical patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PT-GBD) is recommended but is associated with high readmission rates and poor quality of life. Endoscopic gallbladder decompression techniques, including endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ET-GBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD), are alternatives. Studies comparing ET-GBD and EUS-GBD have shown EUS-GBD to have superior outcomes. However, these studies assessed ET-GBD mostly via single transcystic stent placement (SSET-GBD). This study aimed to compare outcomes of dual transcystic stents (DSET-GBD) and EUS-GBD in non-surgical candidates with acute cholecystitis.A multicenter analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ET-GBD or EUS-GBD between January 2019 and January 2023. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and outcomes including technical success, success, adverse events (AEs), and recurrence rates of cholecystitis were measured.Of 129 procedures (56 EUS-GBD; 73 ET-GBD), technical success was achieved in 87.5% of EUS-GBD and 86.3% of ET-GBD attempts. Immediate clinical success was achieved in 98.1% for EUS-GBD and 100% for DSET-GBD. AE rates were similar between the groups. Recurrent cholecystitis rates were 5.3% for EUS-GBD and 8.2% for DSET-GBD (P = 0.692).This study demonstrates that DSET-GBD has similarly low rates of recurrent acute cholecystitis compared with EUS-GBD. DSET-GBD should be considered as an alternative management strategy for management of acute cholecystitis in patients who are unable to undergo CCY.
‘The Good Place’: investigating the social responsibility image of countries and its impact on the attractiveness of highly skilled workers
Authors: Fona Cristina , Melewar T. C. , Dennis Charles , Dinnie Keith 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article aims to bridge the gap between corporate social responsibility and place branding literature by (1) examining the nature and dimensions of the social responsibility image of countries (SRIC), (2) developing a scale for SRIC and (3) measuring its impact on nation brand identification and intention to apply for a job. Leveraging social identity theory, associative network theory and selection–attraction–attrition theory, the study employs a mixed method approach comprising semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a survey with UK and Italian highly skilled workers. Findings reveal the complexity of this multidimensional concept which integrates economic, ethical and environmental factors. SRIC exerts a significant impact on both nation brand identification and intention to apply for a job vacancy. Based on the results, organisations and governments interested in luring the best candidates should work in partnership to develop adequate programmes and a consistent narrative that highlight economic, ethical and environmental responsibilities of the place.
Efficiency of telerehabilitation on subacute stroke ambulation: a matched case-control study
Authors: García-Rudolph Alejandro , Wright Mark Andrew , Teixidó Claudia , Opisso Eloy , Cedersund Gunnar , Medina Josep 
Published: January 2025

Background Stroke now represents the condition with the highest need for physical rehabilitation worldwide, with only low or moderate-level evidence testing telerehabilitation compared to in-person care. We compared functional ambulation in subacute patients with stroke following telerehabilitation and matched in-person controls with no biopsychosocial differences at baseline. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study to compare functional ambulation between individuals with stroke following telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and the Functional Independence Measure™ (FIM). Results The telerehabilitation group (n = 38) achieved significantly higher FAC gains (1.5 (1.3) vs 1.0 (1.0)) than the in-person rehabilitation group, with no differences in ambulation efficiency, in individuals: admitted to rehabilitation within 60 days after stroke onset; aged 49.8 (±11.4) years at admission; 55.3% female sex; moderate stroke severity; 42.1% with ‘good’ motor FIM at baseline; mostly living with sentimental partner (73.7%); with 21.1% holding an university education degree. Conclusions The groups showed no significant differences in ambulation efficiency, though the telerehabilitation group achieved higher FAC gains. Our results suggest that home telerehabilitation can be considered a good alternative to in-person rehabilitation when addressing ambulation in patients with moderate stroke severity and whose home situation mostly includes a cohabiting partner.