bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal Status of Natural Stands of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Fabaceae) in Sudanian and Guinean Zones of West Africa
Authors: ALABA Pyoabalo , ABOTSI Komla Elikplim , ADJONOU Kossi , SEGLA Kossi Novinyo , KOKUTSE Adzo Dzifa , KOKOU Kouami 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims: The sylviculture of Pterocarpus erinaceus is still in its infancy due to lack of information on its biology. The aim of this study is to investigate its mycorrhizal status in order to better address its sylviculture.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was performed on the field from May 2019 to December 2020 and data were analyzed at the laboratory from January to March 2021.
Methodology: The frequency and intensity of mycorrhization were determined under a microscope after staining with trypan blue of fine roots collected at a depth of 20 cm under adult plants at 5 sites, 3 in the Guinean zone and 2 in the Sudanian zone in Togo. The spore density was obtained on soil samples taken at the same depth under the same trees.
Results: Results indicate, without significant differences (P value = 0.166) among sites, and show that P. erinaceus is frequently mycorrhized (88% to 94%). However, there were significant differences (P value = 0.001) in spore densities between sites located in the Sudanian zone (16.53 ± 1.25 and 10.66 ± 0.71 spores per gram of soil – SPGS – respectively for the Fazao-Malfakassa and Oti-Kéran-Mandouri) and those located in the Guinean zone (4.54 ± 0.3, 2.93 ± 0.43 and 3.76 ± 1.01 SPGS respectively at Abdoulaye, Hahomegbe and Togodo). There are significant differences between mycorrhization intensities Togodo which has a mycorhization intensity of 33.52 ± 2.54 and other sites. The redundancy analysis carried out by taking into account substrates’ chemical characteristics shows that spore density remains low when phosphorus and nitrogen are important in the rhizosphere whereas the intensity of mycorhizations is low when PHKCl is high.
Conclusion: This study provided evidence of mycorrhizal symbiosis in Pterocarpus erinaceus whether in the Sudanian or Guinean zone. Chemical quality of the growing substrate has an influence on parameters of mychorization. Further studies should therefore allow an assessment of the degree of dependence of this species with respect to the possible benefits associated with this symbiosis.
Cord Blood Haematological Profiling Study: Predictive Markers of Neonatal Health Status at Birth in Anyigba, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Akor Shedrack Egbunu , Musa Dickson Achimugu , Akogu S. P. O. , Matthew Akpa , Funmilola Adeyemi Alapo , Onoja Patience , Adegboro Boaz , Abah Samuel Eneọjọ 
Published: July 2021

Background: Neonatal mortality refers to the death of a live-born babies within the first 28 days of life remains a global public health challenge. Cord blood being the medium of communication, transmission of nutrients and wastes between mothers and fetus can reflect the health status of baby at birth if properly utilized. Owing to multiple factors involved in neonatal mortality, this study used umbilical cord blood haematological parameters to ascertain the health status of neonates at birth, the aim of this study is to use umbilical cord blood haematological parameters for management of neonates at birth.
Methodology: This research is a cross-sectional study carried out at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medical Laboratory Department, Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Anyigba, North Central Nigeria between January, and December, 2020. Cord blood from 164 babies delivered in Kogi State University Teaching Hospital, Grimard Catholic Hospital, and Amazing Grace Hospital between January and December, 2020 were analyzed for haematological parameters using Sysmex XP-300 automated haematology analyzer. The data obtained were expressed as mean ±standard deviation using SPSS statistical software, version 23.0. The indicator level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed significant increase (p<0.05) of WBC, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC in unstable babies compared to the stable babies, significant decrease (p<0.05) in the platelets, neutrophil and mixed among unstable babies compared to the stable babies, but no significant difference in PCV, haemoglobin and lymphocyte counts of both stable and unstable babies. The results also demonstrated 25 deaths per 1000 live newborn neonates within 48hour during the period of study.
Conclusion: This study shows that cord blood haematological parameters at birth can be used to ascertain the health status of neonates.
Effectiveness of Healthcare and Fitness Influencers during COVID Times
Authors: Roy Tushar Kumar , Mehendale Smita 
Published: July 2021

Influencer marketing has played a significant role in marketing to present its products on a digital platform. In this study, we are trying to gauge the effectiveness of healthcare and fitness influencers on Instagram. More specifically, the researchers are trying to find how the one-way interaction and the influencer's credibility are related to purchasing intention. Also, the researchers are trying to find the indirect relationship between purchase intention and social attractiveness, physical attractiveness, and attitude homophily. The researchers have used a linear regression process to analyse the data. This research paper studied the effect on purchase intention due to both source credibility and PSI. We also found the indirect relationship between purchase intention and attitude homophily, physical attractiveness and social attractiveness. Again, these outcomes will benefit both the companies and the bloggers to gain a competitive advantage over other market players. In this research paper, we have studied the consumer buying behaviour of a particular segment (healthcare and fitness) on Instagram. Also, our respondents are located in various parts of India. Due to these reasons, the researcher cannot generalize their results to other media platforms and other segments. The authors find that the source's credibility has a greater impact on purchase intention than a single source of interaction between the user and the influencer. Both credibility and Para social interaction displayed a positive relationship to purchase intention.
Evaluation of Nutritional and Functional Properties of Squash Pulp Powder from Cameroon and Squash Base Biscuit
Authors: Adelaïde Demasse Mawamba , Vanissa Assonfack , Vanessa Boudjeka Guenkam , William Djeukeu Asongni , Fabien Dongho Dongmo Fabrice , Inocent Gouado 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional properties of powder from 2 Cameroonians squash pulp species (Cucurbita moschata Yellow and Orange pulp, and Cucurbita pepo orange pulp) and squash pulp-base biscuit to promote the integration of squash in the diet to help fight against micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases
Methodology: The squash were cleaned and the pulp was blanched in boiling water for 3 minutes and dried at 60 °C for 24 h. The dried pulp was then finely crushed and sieved to obtain the powder. The proximal composition, the levels of macronutrients, vitamin C, carotenoids and minerals were determined as well as the functional properties. The powder sample with the highest carotenoid content was substituted by wheat flour in the proportions 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% for the biscuit formulation. Sensory properties (color, taste and overall acceptability) and total carotenoids content of the biscuit were then evaluated.
Results: The nutrient contents per 100g of powder were 1.65g, 6.38-23.36 mg, 15.70-20.54 mg, 102.56-119.65 mg respectively for crude fibers, total carotenoids, vitamin C and potassium. Water absorption capacity (WAC), Water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC) varied from 7.50-8.25, 3.35-6.05 and 1.02-2.04 respectively. Values of swelling capacity (SC) and water solubility index (WSI) varied from 119-140 and 15-17.63, 314-348 and 22.33-24.9, 388-459 and 35.08-38.75 at room temperature, 65°C and 95°C respectively. Sensory analysis of the biscuits showed that the biscuit made with 10% of squash powder was the most appreciated and contained 2.29 mg/100g of total carotenoids.
Conclusion: Regular consumption of these Cameroonians squash pulp powder or foods formulated with them could help to combat nutritional disease.
Collaboration and term usage dynamics in agricultural buffer strip research: A research weaving protocol
Authors: Young Sarah , Haddaway Neal R. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Lagisz Malgorzata , Callaghan Max W. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Research weaving is an approach that combines systematic mapping methods with bibliometric and scientometric analyses, shedding light on how research in a systematic map is connected or disconnected. Given its novelty, few examples exist that demonstrate methods for research weaving or highlight its value in the evidence synthesis context.
Here, we seek to fill this gap by applying a research weaving analysis to a previously published systematic map on the roles of buffer strips in agricultural fields. This work identified a lack of studies addressing multifunctional roles of buffer strips and a remarkable array of terminology used by researchers to describe buffer strips. Using network visualization, such as co‐authorship and bibliographic coupling networks, as well as content and text analyses, we aim to build on these findings addressing questions related to collaboration, disciplinary contributions and citation and term usage patterns.
As a result of this work, we aim to provide workflows, tools, and recommendations for the application of research weaving across a wide range of evidence maps in any domain. We will discuss the unique challenges of conducting bibliometric analysis in an evidence synthesis context and will propose solutions to address these challenges.
Blurring and Irregularity of the Subchondral Cortex in Pediatric Sacroiliac Joints on T1 Images: Incidence of Normal Findings That Can Mimic Erosions
Authors: Herregods Nele , Lambert Robert G. W. , Schiettecatte Eva , Dehoorne Joke , Renson Thomas , Laloo Frederiek , Van Den Berghe Thomas , Jans Lennart B. O. , Jaremko Jacob L. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo determine prevalence of variations of subchondral bone appearance that may mimic erosions on T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric sacroiliac (SI) joints according to age and sex.MethodsWith ethics committee approval and informed consent, SI joint MRIs of 251 children (132 girls), mean age 12.4 years (range 6.1–18.0 years), were obtained in 2 cohorts: 127 children imaged for nonrheumatic reasons, and 124 children with low back pain but no features of sacroiliitis at initial clinical MRI review. MRIs were reviewed by 3 experienced radiologists, blinded from each other, for 3 features of the cortical black line representing the subchondral bone plate on T1‐weighted MRI: visibility, blurring, and irregularity.ResultsBased on agreement from 2 or more readers, the cortical black line was partially absent in 88.4% of the children, blurred in 34.7%, and irregular in 41.4%. All these features were most common on the iliac side of SI joints and at the first sacral vertebra level. Clearly visualized, sharply delineated SI joints with none of these features were seen in only 8.0% of children, or in 35.1% if we conservatively required agreement of all 3 readers to consider a feature present. There was no significant difference between sexes or cohorts; findings were similar across pediatric age groups.ConclusionUnderstanding the normal MRI appearance of the developing SI joint is necessary to distinguish physiologic findings from disease. At least two‐thirds (65%) of normal pediatric SI joints showed at least 1 feature that is a component of the adult definition of SI joint erosions, risking overdiagnosis of sacroiliitis.
N, O‐Codoped Carbon Nanosheet Array Enabling Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Xu Zhixiao , Xu Luyao , Xu Zhixin , Deng Zhiping , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLithium metal anodes hold great potential for next‐generation high‐energy batteries. However, the low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and dendritic growth during lithium metal plating/stripping cause short cycle life and deter its practical application. Herein, nitrogen, oxygen‐codoped vertical carbon nanosheet arrays are constructed on Cu foil (NOCA@Cu) as the efficient host to improve CE and suppress Li dendrites through polymer interfacial self‐assembly and morphology‐preserved pyrolysis. Benefitting from numerous vertical porous channels with abundant lithiophilic heteroatom dopants, 3D structured NOCA@Cu host can guide Li nucleation and growth in a controlled manner, leading to dendrite‐free Li deposition with high CE and long life cycles in both carbonate electrolyte and ether electrolyte, surpassing horizontal carbon‐coated Cu and pure Cu hosts. Finite element simulation further reveals the structural function of vertical carbon arrays as not only directing Li plating in the nanoarray‐constructed confined space but also homogenizing the distribution of ion concentration and electrical field throughout the 3D electrode. To demonstrate the practical application of lithiated NOCA@Cu anode, it is coupled with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, delivering high capacity and long‐cycle stability with nearly 100% CE. The cost‐effective, scalable, and efficient features render NOCA@Cu a promising Li host toward practical lithium metal batteries.
Biomimetic and Bioinspired Intervention Strategies for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Han Yu , Pang Xin , Pi Guofu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects the joints and extra‐articular organs and poses a significant health care problem in the modern era. Although current standard treatment modalities successfully control RA flares, no curative treatment modality for RA has been developed. Nanomedicines have addressed the drug side effects and limited efficacy of RA treatment. However, synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) can be toxic and induce immune responses in vivo, posing a risk of further RA progression. Biomimetic nanodrug delivery systems have the potential to improve the biocompatibility of synthetic NPs and the stability and targeting of pharmaceuticals in vivo. For many immune‐related diseases with a complex pathogenesis and that involve a large number of different cell types, biomimetic nanodelivery systems can reduce the immunogenicity of NPs. Furthermore, some bioinspired strategies can mimic certain components of the pathological process, allowing for a more precise drug delivery and effective disease control via the carriers. This article highlights recent research on biomimetic nanodelivery systems for the treatment of RA and categorizes the design methodologies for various targets and carriers.
Translation of Collagen Ultrastructure to Biomaterial Fabrication for Material‐Independent but Highly Efficient Topographic Immunomodulation
Authors: Ryma Matthias , Tylek Tina , Liebscher Julia , Blum Carina , Fernandez Robin , Böhm Christoph , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Gasteiger Georg , Groll Jürgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSupplement‐free induction of cellular differentiation and polarization solely through the topography of materials is an auspicious strategy but has so far significantly lagged behind the efficiency and intensity of media‐supplementation‐based protocols. Consistent with the idea that 3D structural motifs in the extracellular matrix possess immunomodulatory capacity as part of the natural healing process, it is found in this study that human‐monocyte‐derived macrophages show a strong M2a‐like prohealing polarization when cultured on type I rat‐tail collagen fibers but not on collagen I films. Therefore, it is hypothesized that highly aligned nanofibrils also of synthetic polymers, if packed into larger bundles in 3D topographical biomimetic similarity to native collagen I, would induce a localized macrophage polarization. For the automated fabrication of such bundles in a 3D printing manner, the strategy of “melt electrofibrillation” is pioneered by the integration of flow‐directed polymer phase separation into melt electrowriting and subsequent selective dissolution of the matrix polymer postprocessing. This process yields nanofiber bundles with a remarkable structural similarity to native collagen I fibers, particularly for medical‐grade poly(ε‐caprolactone). These biomimetic fibrillar structures indeed induce a pronounced elongation of human‐monocyte‐derived macrophages and unprecedentedly trigger their M2‐like polarization similar in efficacy as interleukin‐4 treatment.
Ultrafast Electron Tunneling Devices—From Electric‐Field Driven to Optical‐Field Driven
Authors: Zhou Shenghan , Chen Ke , Cole Matthew Thomas , Li Zhenjun , Li Mo , Chen Jun , Lienau Christoph , Li Chi , Dai Qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe search for ever higher frequency information processing has become an area of intense research activity within the micro, nano, and optoelectronics communities. Compared to conventional semiconductor‐based diffusive transport electron devices, electron tunneling devices provide significantly faster response times due to near‐instantaneous tunneling that occurs at sub‐femtosecond timescales. As a result, the enhanced performance of electron tunneling devices is demonstrated, time and again, to reimagine a wide variety of traditional electronic devices with a variety of new “lightwave electronics” emerging, each capable of reducing the electron transport channel transit time down to attosecond timescales. In response to unprecedented rapid progress within this field, here the current state‐of‐the‐art in electron tunneling devices is reviewed, current challenges and opportunities are highlighted, and possible future research directions are identified.
Recycled Photons Traveling Several Millimeters in Waveguides Based on CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Navarro‐Arenas Juan , Suárez Isaac , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. , Mora‐Seró Iván , Bisquert Juan , Martínez‐Pastor Juan P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractReabsorption and reemission of photons, or photon recycling (PR) effect, represents an outstanding mechanism to enhance the carrier and photon densities in semiconductor thin films. This work demonstrates the propagation of recycled photons over several mm by integrating a thin film of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals into a planar waveguide. An experimental set‐up based on a frequency modulation spectroscopy allows to characterize the PR effect and the determination of the effective decay time of outcoupled photons. A correlation between the observed photoluminescence redshift and the increase of the effective decay time is demonstrated, which grows from 3.5 to near 9 ns in the best device. A stochastic Monte Carlo model reproduces these experimental results and allows the extraction of the physical mechanisms involved. In the waveguide under study recycled photons follow a drift (directional enhancement) velocity ≈5.7 × 105 m s−1, dominating over the diffusive regime observed in a standard thin film (D ≈ 420 m2 s−1). This means that recycled photons propagate mm‐distances in shorter traveling times in the waveguide (≈5 ns) as compared to the film (>20 ns). These results are expected to pave the road for exploiting the PR effect in future optoelectronic and photonic devices.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Enones Promoted by Dinuclear Magnesium Catalyst
Authors: Jaszczewska‐Adamczak Joanna A. , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis with cheaper and non‐toxic alkaline earth metal catalysts is becoming an important and sustainable alternative to conventional catalytic methodologies mostly relying on precious metals. In spite of some sustainable methods for enantioselective epoxidation of enones, the development of a well‐defined and efficient catalyst based on magnesium complexes for these reactions is still a challenging task. In this perspective, we present the application of chiral dinuclear magnesium complexes for asymmetric epoxidation of a broad range of electron‐deficient enones. We demonstrate that the in situ generated magnesium‐ProPhenol complex affords enantioenriched oxiranes in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Our extensive study verifies the literature data in this area and provides a step forward to better understand the factors controlling the oxygenation process. Elaborated catalyst offers mild reaction conditions and a truly wide substrate scope.magnified image
An MST4‐pβ‐CateninThr40 Signaling Axis Controls Intestinal Stem Cell and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lin Moubin , Dong Chao , Tang Yang , An Liwei , Ju Junyi , Wen Fuping , Chen Fan , Wang Meng , Wang Wenjia , Chen Min , Zhao Yun , Li Jixi , Hou Steven X. , Lin Xinhua , Hu Lulu , Bu Wenbo , Wu Dianqing , Li Lin , Jiao Shi , Zhou Zhaocai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractElevated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling has been commonly associated with tumorigenesis especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, an MST4‐pβ‐cateninThr40 signaling axis essential for intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis and CRC development is uncovered. In response to Wnt3a stimulation, the kinase MST4 directly phosphorylates β‐catenin at Thr40 to block its Ser33 phosphorylation by GSK3β. Thus, MST4 mediates an active process that prevents β‐catenin from binding to and being degraded by β‐TrCP, leading to accumulation and full activation of β‐catenin. Depletion of MST4 causes loss of ISCs and inhibits CRC growth. Mice bearing either MST4T178E mutation with constitutive kinase activity or β‐cateninT40D mutation mimicking MST4‐mediated phosphorylation show overly increased ISCs/CSCs and exacerbates CRC. Furthermore, the MST4‐pβ‐cateninThr40 axis is upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis of human CRC. Collectively, this work establishes a previously undefined machinery for β‐catenin activation, and further reveals its function in stem cell and tumor biology, opening new opportunities for targeted therapy of CRC.
Electrical Pumping of Perovskite Diodes: Toward Stimulated Emission
Authors: Cho Changsoon , Antrack Tobias , Kroll Martin , An Qingzhi , Bärschneider Toni R. , Fischer Axel , Meister Stefan , Vaynzof Yana , Leo Karl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe success of metal halide perovskites in photovoltaic and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) motivates their application as a solid‐state thin‐film laser. Various perovskites have shown optically pumped stimulated emission of lasing and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), yet the ultimate goal of electrically pumped stimulated emission has not been achieved. As an essential step toward this goal, here, a perovskite diode structure that simultaneously exhibits stable operation at high current density (≈1 kA cm−2) and optically excited ASE (with a threshold of 180 µJ cm−2) is reported. This diode structure achieves an electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 0.8% at 850 A cm−2, which is estimated to be ≈3% of the charge carrier population required to reach ASE in the same device. It is shown that the formation of a large angle waveguide mode and the reduction of parasitic absorption losses are two major design principles for diodes to obtain a positive gain for stimulated emission. In addition to its prospect as a perovskite laser, a new application of electrically pumped ASE is proposed as an ideal perovskite LED architecture allowing 100% external radiation efficiency.