bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflexive and Intentional Saccadic Eye Movements in Migraineurs
Authors: Filippopulos Filipp M. , Goeschy Christine , Schoeberl Florian , Eren Ozan E. , Straube Andreas , Eggert Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Background: Migraine has been postulated to lead to structural and functional changes of different cortical and subcortical areas, including the frontal lobe, the brainstem, and cerebellum. The (sub-)clinical impact of these changes is a matter of debate. The spectrum of possible clinical differences include domains such as cognition but also coordination. The present study investigated the oculomotor performance of patients with migraine with and without aura compared to control subjects without migraine in reflexive saccades, but also in intentional saccades, which involve cerebellar as well as cortical networks.Methods: In 18 patients with migraine with aura and 21 patients with migraine without aura saccadic eye movements were recorded in two reflexive (gap, overlap) and two intentional (anti, memory) paradigms and compared to 25 controls without migraine.Results: The main finding of the study was an increase of saccade latency in patients with and without aura compared to the control group solely in the anti-task. No deficits were found in the execution of reflexive saccades.Conclusions: Our results suggest a specific deficit in the generation of correct anti-saccades, such as vector inversion. Such processes are considered to need cortical networks to be executed correctly. The parietal cortex has been suggested to be involved in vector inversion processes but is not commonly described to be altered in migraine patients. It could be discussed that the cerebellum, which is recently thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine, might be involved in distinct processes such as spatial re-mapping through known interconnections with parietal and frontal cortical areas.
Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated With Hypertension in 205 Hospitalized Children: A Single-Center Study in Southwest China
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Huang Yanyun , Qin Yan , Pang Yusheng 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and factors associated with pediatric hypertension and target organ damage (TOD).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 205 children with hypertension treated in our hospital from 2007 to 2018. The patients were classified based on the type of hypertension (primary, secondary) and presence of TOD (heart, brain, retina). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors independently associated with hypertension and TOD.Results: There were 107 males, 97 females, and one intersex in this study, with an age range of 0.1–17.9 years. Majority of cases (177, 86.3%) had secondary hypertension, while 13.7% had primary hypertension. The most frequent cause of secondary hypertension was renal disease (59.32%). Elevated serum creatinine level (odds ratio [OR] = 7.22, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.6–32.62, P = 0.01), blood urea nitrogen (OR = 6.33, 95% CI = 1.81–22.19, P = 0.004), serum uric acid level (OR = 3.66, 95% CI = 1.20–11.22, P = 0.023), and albuminuria (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.50–9.26, P = 0.005) were independently associated with secondary hypertension. Elevated serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen levels were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (OR = 6.638, 95% CI = 1.349–32.657, P = 0.02) and hypertensive encephalopathy (OR = 4.384, 95% CI = 1.148–16.746, P = 0.031), respectively. Triglyceride level correlated with hypertensive retinopathy (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Pediatric hypertension was most often secondary, with renal disease as the leading cause. Elevated levels of serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and albuminuria may indicate secondary hypertension in childhood. Elevated serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and triglyceride levels were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertensive encephalopathy, and hypertensive retinopathy, respectively.
Network Pharmacology for Analyzing the Key Targets and Potential Mechanism of Wogonin in Gliomas
Authors: Wang Zaizhong , Cheng Lulu , Shang Zhigang , Li Zhihui , Zhao Yuping , Jin Wenwen , Li Yingyue , Su Fangchu , Mao Xiaobo , Chen Chuanliang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To analyze the key targets and potential mechanisms underlying the volatile components of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi acting on gliomas through network pharmacology combined with biological experiments.Methods: We have extracted the volatile components of Scutellaria baicalensis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and determined the active components related to the onset and development of gliomas by combining the results with the data from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. We screened the same targets for the extracted active components and gliomas through network pharmacology and then constructed a protein-protein interaction network. Using a Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, we analyzed the protein effects and regulatory pathways of the common targets. Lastly, we employed ELISA and Western blot in verifying the key targets in the regulatory pathway.Results: We ultimately determined that the active component in S. baicalensis Georgi related to the onset and development of gliomas was Wogonin. The results of the network pharmacology revealed 85 targets for glioma and Wogonin. We used gene ontology to analyze these target genes and found that they involved 30 functions, such as phosphatidylinositol phosphokinase activation, while the KEGG analysis showed that there were 10 regulatory pathways involved. Through the following analysis, we found that most of the key target genes are distributed in the PI3K-Akt and interleukin 17 signaling pathways. We then cultured U251 glioma cells for the experiments. Compared with the control group, no significant change was noted in the caspase-3 expression; however, cleaved caspase-3 expression increased significantly and was dose-dependent on Wogonin. The expression of Bad and Bcl-2 with 25 μM of Wogonin has remained unchanged, but when the Wogonin dose was increased to 100 μM, the expression of Bad and Bcl-2 was noted to change significantly (Bad was significantly upregulated, while Bcl-2 was significantly downregulated) and was dose-dependent on Wogonin. The ELISA results showed that, compared with the control group, the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased as the Wogonin concentration increased. Tumor necrosis factor alpha downregulation had no significant dose-dependent effect on Wogonin, the inhibitory effect of 25 μM of Wogonin on IL-6 was not significant, and IL-1β downregulation had a significant dose-dependent effect on Wogonin.Conclusion: Wogonin might promote the apoptosis of glioma cells by upregulating proapoptotic factors, downregulating antiapoptotic factors, and inhibiting the inflammatory response, thereby inhibiting glioma progression.
Social Defeat, Psychotic Symptoms, and Crime in Young Caribbean Immigrants to Rotterdam
Authors: Vinkers David J. , Van de Vorst Micha , Hoek Hans W. , Van Os Jim 
Published: April 2021

Background:The negative experience of being excluded from the majority group (social defeat) may be associated with psychosis in immigrants. The social defeat hypothesis is supported by the high frequency of perceived discrimination and acculturation problems in psychotic immigrants. In addition, social defeat may lead to crime through social problems such as unemployment, school dropout, a broken family structure, or psychotic symptoms.Methods:We assessed the association between social defeat and acculturation on the one hand and broadly defined psychotic symptoms and crime on the other in Caribbean immigrants to Rotterdam who are aged 18–24 years. The municipality of Rotterdam provided data about Caribbean immigrants to Rotterdam. Acculturation, social defeat (perceived discrimination, sense of control, and evaluation of self and others), psychotic symptoms, and crime were assessed using online questionnaires.Results:Social defeat was associated with psychotic symptoms in women (β = 0.614,p&lt; 0.001). This relation applied particularly to the negative self-perception domain of social defeat. Acculturation was associated with neither social defeat nor psychotic symptoms or crime and did not mediate the association between social defeat and psychosis.Conclusion:The social defeat hypothesis of psychosis may be gender-specific valid but does not extend to crime.
Computerized-Adaptive vs. Traditional Ratings of Depression and Suicidal Thoughts: An Assay Sensitivity Pilot Study in a Ketamine Clinical Trial
Authors: Grunebaum Michael F. , Mann J. John , Galfalvy Hanga C. , Gibbons Robert D. 
Published: April 2021

There is a public health need for improved suicide risk assessment tools. This pilot methodology study compared the assay sensitivity of computerized adaptive tests (CAT) of depression and suicidal ideation vs. traditional ratings in a randomized trial subgroup. The last 20 persons to enroll in a published ketamine trial in suicidal depression were studied. This subgroup received traditional and CAT ratings at baseline, 24 h post-infusion and follow-up week 2, 4, and 6: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation vs. the CAT-Depression Inventory and CAT-Suicide Scale. Results showed larger effect sizes (ES) for CAT compared with traditional clinician-rated and self-report scales. Coefficients of variation for baseline measurements were lower for CAT compared with traditional scales. This is the first study to show that CAT may have greater assay sensitivity for treatment effects, particularly for suicidal ideation, compared with traditional clinician-rated and non-adaptive self-rated scales in a randomized trial. The findings suggest CAT can enable quick long-term follow-up assessments via cellphone, tablet, or computer while minimizing response bias due to repeated measurement of the same symptom items.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01700829.
Participants' Comprehension of the Informed Consent in an Epidemiological Study on Dementia Prevalence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Falvo Ilaria , Fiordelli Maddalena , Amati Rebecca , Ibnidris Aliaa , Albanese Emiliano , Fadda Marta 
Published: April 2021

Aim:In the absence of an effective treatment, informed participation in dementia research can hardly be underestimated. However, although informed consent is key in biomedical research, it may become a barrier to participation. Whether informed consent may cause confusion and contribute to unfair participant selection in dementia research is not known. In preparation of a future epidemiological study on the prevalence and impact of dementia in Switzerland, we aimed to conduct a qualitative study to explore participants' comprehension of the purpose of informed consent form and process shortly after participation in the pilot and validation study that preceded the large scale survey.Methods:We conducted a qualitative study with 22 participants of the validation phase of an epidemiological study on the prevalence and impact of dementia in Switzerland to capture their understanding of both the nature and the content of the informed consent form and process. Participants were older adults (65 years or more) eligible for a dementia epidemiological study and their informant (a person who could provide information on their health and cognition). None of the participants reported to be suffering from dementia at the time of the interview.Results:We found that participants held inaccurate and potentially trust-threatening beliefs regarding the scope of the informed consent. Participants identified contradictory contextual, formal and content needs that are difficult to be fulfilled, and misperceived the clinical and research settings in terms of informed consent procedures.Conclusions:Participants and their proxies should be informed about both the scope of the informed consent process, and the content of the informed consent document in a focused, age-appropriate manner, while dispelling confusion about the purpose of research.
Oncoguía de cáncer de próstata 2020
Authors: Jiménez Ríos Miguel Ángel , Scavuzzo Anna , Preciado Estrella Diego Antonio 
Published: April 2021

In Mexico, prostate cancer is the first cause of death in men. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología has developed health-care protocols for the main neoplasms. Members of its Urology Department framed Oncoguía de cáncer de próstata 2020, based on a bibliographic revision and a consensus they conducted. It includes the analysis of the risk factors and the central diagnostic elements: specific prostatic antigen (SPA), digital rectal examination (DRE), imaging diagnosis, biopsy, and Gleason grading system. Oncoguía also contains the role of the clinical assessment and life expectancy as treatment guidelines, which, according to the case, are radical prostatectomy, lymph-node treatment, hormone blockade, and treatment monitoring.
Tax Aggressiveness, Tunneling and Firm Value: Interactive Effect of Corporate Governance in Business Groups
Authors: Ullah Hamid , Shah Hamid Ali , Khan Sajjad Ahmad 
Published: April 2021

This study extends the literature on tax aggressiveness (TA) from agency perspectives in the rarely discussed case of group firms. More specifically, the study investigates the relationship between firms TA, tunnelling and value of firm. Moreover, the study also investigates the impact of the moderating role of corporate governance (CG) in counterfeiting the conflicts of interests in group firms. For this purpose, sample data of 160 non-financial Pakistani firms belonging to groups for the period from 2009 to 2018 is analyzed through two Stages Least Square Regression (2SLS) models. The findings reveal that tunneling, group ownership and managerial ownership show direct association with TA. While CG agents, board and audit committee independence and external audit quality exhibits an indirect relationship with TA. Moreover, the tunneling-related TA has a negative effect on the firm value. However, the estimated interaction effects show that CG mitigates this negative relationship between the tunneling-related TA and firm value. Thus, good CG ameliorates the expropriations by the controlling shareholders and TA becomes a value enhancing activity in business groups.
Keywords: Tax Aggressiveness, Firm Value, Business Groups, Corporate Governance, External Audit Quality
Effects from correction of speed of sound in transmit and receive beamforming using focus beam
Authors: Nagaoka Ryo , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro , Hasegawa Hideyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, focusing methods were investigated for generation of an ultrasonic beam with a uniform lateral width across the axial imaging field of view through numerical simulation using Field II. Also, the influence of the mismatch between the speed of sound (SoS) assumed in beamforming process and actual one was evaluated by wire and cyst phantom experiments. In the simulation, conventional, hybrid, and non-cylindrical focusing methods were evaluated based on the evaluation metrics, i.e. depth of field and lateral beam width. For the three focusing methods, the proper imaging parameters were determined based on the simulation results. In the phantom experiments, the lateral resolution was improved by correcting the SoS in receive beamforming. Additionally, the correction of the SoS in transmission focusing improved the uniformity of beam width and image contrast.
Verification of the influence of liver microstructure on the evaluation of shear wave velocity
Authors: Ito Daiki , Oguri Takuma , Kamiyama Naohisa , Hirata Shinnosuke , Yoshida Kenji , Yamaguchi Tadashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that evaluation results of shear wave elastography were unstable due to factors such as liver structure and complexity of physical properties. The present study attempts to verify the influence of liver microstructure (fat droplets and fibrous tissue) on the shear wave and shear wave velocity (SWV) evaluation using a shear wave propagation simulation by the elastic finite-difference time-domain method. It was found that disruption of the shear wave causes variations in the SWV of the liver around fat droplets, and the SWV of the fibrous tissue depends on the shear wave propagation direction and the tissue shape. In a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis liver, which contains fat and fiber, the influences of these two tissues are synergistically reflected in the SWV evaluation.
Lateral ellipsometry resolution for imaging ellipsometry measurement
Authors: Jin Lianhua , Kondoh Eiichi , Iizuka Yuki , Otake Motoyuki , Gelloz Bernard 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As an approach to integrate both single-point measurement ellipsometry and optical microscopy, imaging ellipsometry possesses the capability of measurement of distributions of optical constants and/or thickness of sample surfaces. Considering the exact distinguishment of neighboring surfaces from imaging ellipsometry measurement, in this note, we propose to use a new criterion for the lateral ellipsometry resolution: about 2.23 fold of the Abbe diffraction limit for a microscope. This criterion will be helpful for the estimation of the applicability of an imaging ellipsometer into the evaluation of micro-patterned surfaces.
Reliability and Performance of Wafer Level Fan Out Package for Automotive Radar
Authors: Hartner Walter , Niessner Martin , Arcioni Francesca , Fink Markus , Geissler Christian , Hebler Birgit , Haubner Gerhard , Wojnowski Maciej 
Published: April 2021

Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) or FO-WLP (Fan-out wafer-level packaging) is investigated as a package for MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) for automotive radar applications in the 77GHz range. Special focus is put on the thermo-mechanical performance to achieve automotive quality targets. The typical fatigue modes “solder ball fatigue” and “copper fatigue”, evolving during thermo-mechanical stress like cycling on board will be discussed. Simulation as well as experimental preparation results for typical fatigue levels are given. In addition, several influencing parameters are listed and rated regarding their effectiveness. The theoretical framework why solder ball fatigue is the only failure mode causing electrical failure is provided.

The impact of different thermo-mechanically driven fatigue modes is discussed. The two important parameters to be considered for the functionality of the Radar system are RF (Radio Frequency) and thermal performance.

For elaborating the RF performance with present fatigue modes, the phase shift between different channels and pads is analyzed by full-wave EM (Electromagnetic) simulation. It is found that for fatigue levels up to 90% the phase shift stays below specification for single fatigue modes and may approach specification only for an unlikely combination of all 90% fatigue modes.

For assessing the thermal performance with present fatigue modes, thermal simulation as well as thermal measurements are used. Assuming 50% degradation in average for all thermal balls, an increase in RTH of up to about 30% is seen. On average for all thermal measurements, the deviation between measurement and simulation is within ±1°C.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DAN ANALISIS PEKERJAAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS ORGANISASI PADA POLITEKNIK CITRA WIDYA EDUKASI DI BEKASI
Authors: I Isnainny 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of organization structure and job analysis on organization effectiveness. The population included all 68 employees Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi. The sample consist of 65 persons using saturated sampling. Variabel that being used is organization structure and job analysis as independent variabel, and organization effectiveness as variable dependent. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and be processed by SPSS 25.0. Purpose of this research is to see progress of organization effectiveness in Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi. Primary data are collected to reveal employee perceptions of the effectiveness of organization and their knowledge in organization structure and their job description. Results shows that organization effectiveness for Politeknik Citra Widya Edukasi is less effective because organization structure and job analysis need overview.
PERAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA UMKM BISNIS JASA DI BULAK KAPAL BEKASI
Authors: Muliawan Budi 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation on employee productivity and how much influence of work motivation on employee work productivity of SME on Bulak Kapal Bekasi. This research is a quantitative descriptive research type. Data were collected using a questionnaire method, which was then analyzed using simple regression analysis using SMART PLS 3.0 for Windows which includes the t test. The results showed that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee work productivity, that is indicated by a positive regression coefficient of 8.86 with a value of t = 14.079> t table = 2.042 and a probability value of 0.000 t test which is smaller than α = 0.05. The magnitude of the influence of work motivation on employee work productivity of SME is indicated by the coefficient of determination of 0.78. This shows that 78% of employee work productivity is influenced by work motivation.
Campo profissional e arquitetura nos anos 1980. Um olhar através da revista “Casa e Jardim”
Authors: Bentes Dely 
Published: April 2021

O ponto de partida da reflexão aqui proposta é o inventário de 192 edições da revista Casa e Jardim, entre os anos de 1977 e 1992. À luz da teoria da comunicação e da sociologia - representados por autores como Mike Featherstone (1995), Pierre Bourdieu (2007) e Garry Stevens (2003) -, pretende-se esquadrinhar as reportagens, editoriais e a publicidade, em busca de sutilezas nas entrelinhas dos textos e imagens. Esta análise permite enxergar como a publicação colabora com a organização do campo profissional em um momento de expansão do mercado, ajudando a estabelecer os parâmetros para o exercício cotidiano dos arquitetos, e especialmente a sua relação com os clientes. Paralelamente, a inabilidade do meio acadêmico em lidar com esta realidade - o que resulta na exclusão de parte do produto da disciplina do registro histórico e da crítica – é problematizada.