bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravital imaging of real-time endogenous actin dysregulation in proximal and distal tubules at the onset of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Corridon Peter R. , Karam Shurooq H. , Khraibi Ali A. , Khan Anousha A. , Alhashmi Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to acute and chronic kidney dysfunction. Cytoskeletal modifications are among the main effects of this condition. The majority of studies that have contributed to the current understanding of IRI have relied on histological analyses using exogenous probes after the fact. Here we report the successful real-time visualization of actin cytoskeletal alterations in live proximal and distal tubules that arise at the onset of severe IRI. To achieve this, we induced fluorescent actin expression in these segments in rats with hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD). Using intravital two-photon microscopy we then tracked and quantified endogenous actin dysregulation that occurred by subjecting these animals to 60 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia. Rapid (by 1-hour post-reperfusion) and significant (up to 50%) declines in actin content were observed. The decline in fluorescence within proximal tubules was significantly greater than that observed in distal tubules. Actin-based fluorescence was not recovered during the measurement period extending 24 hours post-reperfusion. Such injury decimated the renal architecture, in particular, actin brush borders, and hampered the reabsorptive and filtrative capacities of these tubular compartments. Thus, for the first time, we show that the combination of HGD and intravital microscopy can serve as an experimental tool to better understand how IRI modifies the cytoskeletonin vivoand provide an extension to current histopathological techniques.
Antibody response patterns toHelicobacter pyloriinfection in a rural Ugandan population cohort
Authors: Sallah Neneh , Hayes Alexander , Osei-Tutu Nana , Butt Julia , Johnston W. Thomas , Asiki Gershim , Waterboer Tim , Hibberd Martin L. , Newton Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) establishes life-long infection in humans in the absence of treatment and has been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal conditions including peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Antibody responses toH. pyloriantigens are found to be associated with disease risk, however, data from Africa are scarce.MethodsTo assess the seroprevalence ofH. pyloriand characterise antibody response patterns, we measured serum IgG antibody levels to 14 antigens among 7,211 individuals in a rural Ugandan population cohort. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to investigate the influence of age, sex, and co-infection on antibody seroreactivity levels.ResultsH. pyloriseroprevalence was 95% in our study population, with 94% of individuals seropositive in childhood (<15 years). InH. pyloripositive individuals, we found a markedly high seroprevalence (~99%) and antibody levels to the high-risk antigens CagA and VacA, in addition to Cagδ. HSV-2 co-infection was significantly associated with higher IgG levels of CagA and VacA (OR=1.10, 95% C. I=1.05-1.16). HIV infection was associated with lowered IgG levels to CagA (OR=0.86, 95% C.I.=0.80-0.93), and HPV infection was associated with increased IgG levels to VacA (OR=1.16, 95% C.I.=1.11-1.21).ConclusionsH. pyloriin this population is ubiquitous from childhood, with a high prevalence and high seroreactivity levels of high-risk antigens, suggesting chronic active inflammatory responses in individuals that are indicative of risk of disease. Further investigation is warranted to fully understand the relationship between host, immunogenicity, and clinical outcomes to better stratify by risk and improve treatment.Key MessagesAntibody responses toH. pyloriantigens are found to be associated with risk of gastric cancer, however, despite the high seroprevalence in African populations, data from Africa are scarce. This is the first study of antibody response patterns and their determinants from an African population.Our study shows a population whereH. pyloriis ubiquitous from childhood, and seroprevalence of virulent antigens is distinctively high suggesting an increased of disease compared to other populations.We observe inter-individual variation in virulent antibody responses partly influenced by co-infection.We highlight crucial insights into antibody-based biomarkers of disease risk and reinforce the need for population-basedH. pyloriscreening and treatment programmes for gastric cancer control.
BMP signaling: A significant player and therapeutic target for osteoarthritis
Authors: Jaswal Akrit Pran , Kumar Bhupendra , Roelofs Anke J. , Iqbal Sayeda Fauzia , Singh Amaresh Kumar , Riemen Anna H.K. , Wang Hui , Ashraf Sadaf , Nanasaheb Sanap Vaibhav , Agnihotri Nitin , De Bari Cosimo , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the role of BMP signaling in osteoarthritis' pathogenesis and propose a disease-modifying therapy for OA.MethodsC57BL6/J mouse line was used to perform ACLT surgery at P120 to study the expression pattern of the BMP signaling readout pSMAD1/5/9. To investigate whether activation of BMP signaling is sufficient and necessary to induce osteoarthritis, we have used conditional GOF and LOF mouse lines in which BMP signaling can be activated or depleted, respectively, upon intra-peritoneal injection of tamoxifen. Finally, we locally inhibited BMP signaling through intra-articular injection of LDN-193189 pre- and post-onset surgically induced OA. Most of the analysis has been done through immunohistochemistry, histopathological staining, and micro-CT to evaluate the status of the pathogenesis of the disease.ResultsWe observed concomitant activation of BMP signaling, as judged by pSMAD1/5/9 immunoreactivity in the articular cartilage, upon induction of osteoarthritis with simultaneous depletion of SMURF1, an intra-cellular BMP signaling inhibitor in articular cartilage. Even without surgical induction of osteoarthritis, only BMP gain-of-function mutation induces OA in mouse articular cartilage. Also, genetic, or pharmacological inhibition of BMP signaling offered significant protection against OA pathogenesis. Interestingly, post-onset of the disease, inhibition of BMP signaling by intra-articular injection of LDN-193189 retarded OA progression with a significant reduction in inflammatory markers.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that BMP signaling plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of OA and that local BMP inhibition can be an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate osteoarthritis.
Managers from heaven: how do hospitality employees describe good managers?
Authors: Mistry Trishna G. , Hight S. Kyle , Okumus Fevzi , Terrah Abraham 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the characteristics of good hospitality managers and the core causes that lead to developing such characteristics.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative inquiry approach, 93 line-level hospitality employees were surveyed online regarding their experiences about the characteristics of good managers.FindingsThe research findings revealed five key themes of good managerial characteristics, including interpersonal skills, communication skills, supervisory skills, leadership skills, and positive personality and professionalism. Additionally, the root causes of these managerial characteristics were also analyzed. The good managerial characteristics were perceived to have developed from having worked under either a great manager or a terrible manager.Research limitations/implicationsThis study advanced the literature on managerial characteristics by confirming several existing categories from the viewpoint of hospitality industry employees.Practical implicationsHuman resource managers should be considerate of these findings in terms of recruitment, hiring, and training, development, and promotion of employees in their companies.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to analyze the perceived reasons behind the development of these characteristics.
Twin deficits hypothesis in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation
Authors: Dey Sima Rani , Tareque Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study attempts to examine the twin deficits hypothesis for Bangladesh. Along with the traditional twin deficits hypothesis associated with the current account and fiscal deficit, the paper also explores the causal relationship between the trade deficit and fiscal deficit.Design/methodology/approachWe start with the investigation of the conventional twin deficit hypothesis employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach in a multivariate framework. Due to the absence of cointegration between the budget deficit and trade deficit, the study adopts a multivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model to analyze the nexus.FindingsThe study supports the presence of the twin deficits hypothesis in Bangladesh, both in the short run and long run. Unidirectional causation running from the budget deficit to the current account deficit in the long run. The trade model also supports the twin deficit hypothesis, like the aforementioned current account model.Practical implicationsTherefore, the sustainable fiscal deficit is the key to maintain a stable current account deficit and trade deficit in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThe study incorporates the country risk indicators to address the governance issue while analyzing the models' deficit scenarios because good governance is an integral part of explaining the development outcome and failure of a country like Bangladesh.
Ownership structure and OFDI by EMNES: the moderating effects of international experience and migrant networks
Authors: Yi Changjun , Zhan Yun , Zhang Jipeng , Zhao Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study investigates the effect of ownership structure – ownership concentration and firm ownership – on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs), and further explores the moderating effects of international experience and migrant networks on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachData of Chinese MNEs listed on Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges between 2005 and 2016 are used. The empirical analysis is based on the negative binomial regression model.FindingsThe empirical results reveal a significant inverted-U relationship between ownership concentration and OFDI by EMNEs. State ownership is found to have a positive effect on OFDI by EMNEs. Both international experience and migrant networks strengthen the inverted-U relationship between ownership concentration and OFDI as well as the positive effect of state ownership on OFDI by EMNEs.Practical implicationsEMNEs need to maintain a moderate ownership concentration when conducting OFDI, and they are supposed to make full use of their own international experience and focus on migrant networks of the host country. Policy-makers in emerging economies need to better create a fair business environment for enterprises.Originality/valueCombining agency theory and the resource-based view, this study integrates ownership structure, firm-level heterogeneous resources – international experience and country-level heterogeneous resources – migration networks into a framework to study OFDI by EMNEs, which expands the scope of research in international business.
Consumer response toward native advertising on social media: the roles of source type and content type
Authors: Kim Mikyoung , Song Doori , Jang Ahnlee 
Published: March 2021

PurposeDrawing upon attribution theory, this study aims to examine how different types of product information sources (mainstream celebrities vs micro-celebrities) interact with content type (experiential vs promotional) to influence consumer response toward native posts on social media (causal attributions and click intention).Design/methodology/approachA total of 134 adult Twitter users participated in a 2 (source type: mainstream celebrity vs micro-celebrity) × 2 (content type: experiential vs promotional) between-subjects online experimental design.FindingsResults showed that for experiential native advertising, messages from a micro-celebrity generated more information-sharing attributions and less monetary gain attributions than those from a mainstream celebrity on social media. Moreover, the experiential native ads from a micro-celebrity elicited greater intention to click the URL than those from a mainstream celebrity. However, consumer response was similar for promotional native advertising regardless of message source. This study demonstrates that information-sharing attributions mediate the interaction effects of source type and content types on click intention.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on native advertising by providing empirical evidence to highlight the effect of message source and content type on consumer response. This study shows that the success of native advertising depends on how consumers perceive the messages and content creators' intention to communicate.
Managers ability and investment dynamics during the global financial crisis: an emerging market context
Authors: Naheed Rehana , Sarwar Bushra , Naheed Rukhsana 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Many scholars have developed several theories and empirics to study issues related to investment policy. However, there are still some unexplored issues in the field of finance that require further analysis and investigation, particularly in the corporate governance literature such as the role of managerial talent in the firms. This study investigated the impact of managerial ability on investment decisions of the firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The study first uses firm efficiency and managerial ability by using data envelope analysis (DEA) proposed by Demerjian, Lev and McVay, 2012. Data is collected for the firms listed in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchange for an emerging market of China during the crisis period with 1,640 number of observations.

Findings
The study reveals that the presence of more managerial talent in a firm is significant for the strategic decisions of the firms. Findings follow a resource-based view and identify that more talented managers help the firms in the acquisition of resources specifically during financial distress. The study subdivides the firms based on: ownership structures and financial constraints. Results generated from propensity score matching imply that the role of high-talented managers is significantly different from that of low-talented managers.

Originality/value
The study reveals managerial ability as a determinant of investment policy. To the researchers’ best knowledge, none of the previous studies have been conducted in emerging market literature during the crisis period.
Political institutions and economic performance in Ethiopia: an auto regressive distributed lag bound approach to co-integration
Authors: Garedow Fikadu Abera 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to examine how political institutions affect economic performance in Ethiopia over the 1980–2019 time periods.Design/methodology/approachMainly, the impact of political institution indicators including, level of democracy, political violence, democratic accountability and regime durability have been examined using auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test approach to co-integration and the error correction model.FindingsThis study confirms that level of democracy and democratic accountability has an adverse long effect on the economic performance of Ethiopia. On the other hand, political violence has a negative short-run causal effect on economic performance in Ethiopia. The study concluded that the deterioration of political institutions harmfully affected economic performance in Ethiopia.Practical implicationsGovernment policymakers should primarily pay attention to promoting and changing those political institutions that harm economic performance. Additionally, better management of political violence has important implications for fostering the economic performance of Ethiopia.Originality/valueThis study provides some valuable evidence on the nexuses between political institutions and economic performance in Ethiopia. Likely, this is the first investigation on the subject under the consideration to use time analysis and will vigorously contribute to the literature as well by employing the ADRL bound test. Previous studies have examined the impact of the institution on economic growth on a cross-country basis. Further analysis is required to understand the effects of institutions such as level of democracy, political violence and democratic accountability on economic development.
How work–life conflict affects employee outcomes of Chinese only-children academics: the moderating roles of gender and family structure
Authors: Xian Huiping , Atkinson Carol , Meng-Lewis Yue 
Published: March 2021

PurposeChina's controversial one-child policy has been blamed for creating an ageing population, a generation of employees without siblings and a 4-2-1 family structure that places eldercare responsibility, primarily on women. Current understanding of how this affects contemporary employees' work–life interface is lacking. This study examined the moderating roles of family structure and gender in the relationships between work–life conflict (WLC), job satisfaction and career aspiration for university academics.Design/methodology/approachOnline and self-administered surveys were used to collect data, which involved 420 academic staff in three Chinese research universities.FindingsOur results revealed that WLC is positively related to career aspiration, and this relationship is stronger for academics with siblings and, within the only-children group, significantly stronger for women than for men. WLC is also negatively related to job satisfaction, and this relationship is stronger for only-children academics.Research limitations/implicationsResults were limited by a cross-sectional sample of modest size. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the understanding of gender roles and changing family structure in the work–life interface of Chinese academics.Practical implicationsOur findings have implications for both universities seeking to improve staff well-being and for wider society. A number of support mechanisms are proposed to enhance the ability of only children, especially women, to operate as effective members of the labour market.Originality/valueOur results showed that only-children academics face a unique set of difficulties across career and family domains, which have been previously neglected in literature.
Building capable environments using practice leadership
Authors: Hume Linda , Khan Nadia , Reilly Martin 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the development and piloting of a training intervention for social care staff that uses a capable environments framework to improve the quality of staff support.

Design/methodology/approach
A single case study was used to evaluate changes in the quality of staff support and in levels of engagement and challenging behaviour for one of the individuals supported.

Findings
The case study demonstrates the usefulness of the capable environments framework as a model for training and development of support planning. Staff provided more positive interaction and support to the individual, who displayed increased participation in activities and reductions in the occurrence and episodic severity of challenging behaviour.

Originality/value
Capable environments is a systematic, theoretically-driven approach, which is focussed on the quality of support design and provision for people with intellectual disability. The use of such a framework as an intervention assists staff in the provision of effective personalised supports, a foundation for positive behaviour support.
Integrating continuous hypermutation with high‐throughput screening for optimization of cis,cis‐muconic acid production in yeast
Authors: Jensen Emil D. , Ambri Francesca , Bendtsen Marie B. , Javanpour Alex A. , Liu Chang C. , Jensen Michael K. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryDirected evolution is a powerful method to optimize proteins and metabolic reactions towards user‐defined goals. It usually involves subjecting genes or pathways to iterative rounds of mutagenesis, selection and amplification. While powerful, systematic searches through large sequence‐spaces is a labour‐intensive task, and can be further limited by a priori knowledge about the optimal initial search space, and/or limits in terms of screening throughput. Here, we demonstrate an integrated directed evolution workflow for metabolic pathway enzymes that continuously generate enzyme variants using the recently developed orthogonal replication system, OrthoRep and screens for optimal performance in high‐throughput using a transcription factor‐based biosensor. We demonstrate the strengths of this workflow by evolving a rate‐limiting enzymatic reaction of the biosynthetic pathway for cis,cis‐muconic acid (CCM), a precursor used for bioplastic and coatings, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After two weeks of simply iterating between passaging of cells to generate variant enzymes via OrthoRep and high‐throughput sorting of best‐performing variants using a transcription factor‐based biosensor for CCM, we ultimately identified variant enzymes improving CCM titers > 13‐fold compared with reference enzymes. Taken together, the combination of synthetic biology tools as adopted in this study is an efficient approach to debottleneck repetitive workflows associated with directed evolution of metabolic enzymes.
Association of metabolic score for insulin resistance and its 6‐year change with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Ming , Liu Dechen , Qin Pei , Liu Yu , Sun Xizhuo , Li Honghui , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Yanyan , Han Minghui , Qie Ranran , Huang Shengbing , Li Yang , Wu Yuying , Yang Xingjin , Feng Yifei , Zhao Yang , Hu Dongsheng , Hu Fulan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for the association between metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is limited. We aimed to explore the association of METS‐IR and its 6‐year change with risk of incident T2DM in a rural Chinese population.MethodsWe analyzed data for 12 107 participants (mean age 50.48 years). A Cox proportional‐hazard model was used to estimate the association of METS‐IR with incident T2DM by using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs); a logistic regression model was used to assess the association of 6‐year METS‐IR change with incident T2DM by using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. We used subgroup analyses of the association of METS‐IR and its 6‐year change with incident T2DM by sex, age, and baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level as well as restricted cubic splines to describe the dose‐response association.ResultsThe association of METS‐IR and 6‐year METS‐IR change with incident T2DM was significant (per SD unit increase: HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.60‐2.02 for METS‐IR, OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.28‐1.57 and OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.44‐1.76 for relative and absolute METS‐IR change). The significant association remained on subgroup analyses by sex, age, and baseline FPG level. Dose‐response analysis demonstrated that the probability of incident T2DM was significantly increased with increasing METS‐IR and 6‐year METS‐IR change.ConclusionsIncreased METS‐IR and 6‐year METS‐IR change were positively associated with risk of incident T2DM in a rural Chinese population. METS‐IR may be a vital indicator for identifying T2DM.