bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous spondylodiscitis and endocarditis: interdisciplinary experience from a tertiary institutional case series and proposal of a treatment algorithm
Authors: Viezens Lennart , Dreimann Marc , Strahl André , Heuer Annika , Koepke Leon-Gordian , Bay Benjamin , Waldeyer Christoph , Stangenberg Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPreviously, the simultaneous presence of endocarditis (IE) has been reported in 3–30% of spondylodiscitis cases. The specific implications on therapy and outcome of a simultaneous presence of both diseases are not yet fully evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a simultaneously present endocarditis on the course of therapy and outcome of spondylodiscitis. A prospective database analysis of 328 patients diagnosed with spontaneous spondylodiscitis (S) using statistical analysis with propensity score matching was conducted. Thirty-six patients (11.0%) were diagnosed with concurrent endocarditis (SIE) by means of transoesophageal echocardiography. In our cohort, the average age was 65.82 ± 4.12 years and 64.9% of patients were male. The incidence of prior cardiac or renal disease was significantly higher in the SIE group (coronary heart disease SIE n = 13/36 vs. S n = 57/292, p < 0.05 and chronic heart failure n = 11/36 vs. S n = 41/292, p < 0.05, chronic renal failure SIE n = 14/36 vs. S n = 55/292, p < 0.05). Complex interdisciplinary coordination and diagnostics lead to a significant delay in surgical intervention (S = 4.5 ± 4.5 days vs. SIE = 8.9 ± 9.5 days, p < 0.05). Mortality did not show statistically significant differences: S (13.4%) and SIE (19.1%). Time to diagnosis and treatment is a key to efficient treatment and patient safety. In order to counteract delayed therapy, we developed a novel therapy algorithm based on the analysis of treatment processes of the SIE group. We propose a clear therapy pathway to avoid frequently observed pitfalls and delays in diagnosis to improve patient care and outcome.
Conflict-Driven Satisfiability for Theory Combination: Lemmas, Modules, and Proofs
Authors: Bonacina Maria Paola , Graham-Lengrand Stéphane , Shankar Natarajan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSearch-based satisfiability procedures try to build a model of the input formula by simultaneously proposing candidate models and deriving new formulae implied by the input.Conflict-drivenprocedures perform non-trivial inferences only when resolving conflicts between formulæ and assignments representing the candidate model. CDSAT (Conflict-Driven SATisfiability) is a method for conflict-driven reasoning inunions of theories. It combines inference systems for individual theories astheory moduleswithin a solver for the union of the theories. This article augments CDSAT with a more generallemma learningcapability and withproof generation. Furthermore, theory modules for several theories of practical interest are shown to fulfill the requirements forcompletenessandterminationof CDSAT. Proof generation is accomplished by aproof-carryingversion of the CDSAT transition system that producesproof objectsin memory accommodating multiple proof formats. Alternatively, one can apply to CDSAT theLCF approach to proofsfrom interactive theorem proving, by defining a kernel of reasoning primitives that guarantees the correctness by construction of CDSAT proofs.
An Energy Conservative hp-method for Liouville’s Equation of Geometrical Optics
Authors: van Gestel R. A. M. , Anthonissen M. J. H. , Boonkkamp J. H. M. ten Thije , IJzerman W. L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiouville’s equation on phase space in geometrical optics describes the evolution of an energy distribution through an optical system, which is discontinuous across optical interfaces. The discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method is conservative and can achieve higher order of convergence locally, making it a suitable method for this equation. When dealing with optical interfaces in phase space, non-local boundary conditions arise. Besides being a difficulty in itself, these non-local boundary conditions must also satisfy energy conservation constraints. To this end, we introduce an energy conservative treatment of optical interfaces. Numerical experiments are performed to prove that the method obeys energy conservation. Furthermore, the method is compared to the industry standard ray tracing. The numerical experiments show that the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method outperforms ray tracing by reducing the computation time by up to three orders of magnitude for an error of $$10^{-6}$$

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Effect of Particle Size on Magnetic Phase Coexistence in Nanocrystalline La0.4Bi0.3Sr0.3MnO3
Authors: Souza Anita D. , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Murari M. S. , Daivajna Mamatha D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMagnetic phase coexistence in the substituted perovskite compound, La0.4Bi0.3Sr0.3MnO3, is attributed to the spontaneous moment and a step-like metamagnetic transition observed in the magnetization measurements in its magnetically order state. The magnetism of samples reduced to nanometer sizes by the “top down” approach exhibits interesting changes with respect to the bulk, thus giving a handle in influencing the physical properties by reducing the particle size. The bulk sample orders ferromagnetically at TC = 295 K, whereas in nano-sized samples with particle sizes in the range of 21–30 nm, even though TC does not change, the transitions are suppressed. The nano-sized powder samples show a broad hump in the plot of magnetic susceptibility, signifying the possible disordered antiferromagnetic state. A systematic decrease in the magnitude of magnetization in nano-sized samples shows that the reduction in magnetic interaction could be attributed to the formation of a magnetic dead layer around the magnetic core.
A Consistent BGK Model with Velocity-Dependent Collision Frequency for Gas Mixtures
Authors: Haack J. , Hauck C. , Klingenberg C. , Pirner M. , Warnecke S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe derive a multi-species BGK model with velocity-dependent collision frequency for a non-reactive, multi-component gas mixture. The model is derived by minimizing a weighted entropy under the constraint that the number of particles of each species, total momentum, and total energy are conserved. We prove that this minimization problem admits a unique solution for very general collision frequencies. Moreover, we prove that the model satisfies an H-Theorem and characterize the form of equilibrium.
Effects of knowledge spillovers between competitors on patent quality: what patent citations reveal about a global duopoly
Authors: Acosta Manuel , Coronado Daniel , Ferrándiz Esther , Jiménez Manuel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects on patent quality of a type of spillovers arising from the disclosure of patent information by firms engaged in competition in a global duopoly. Both firms are involved in producing new technologies and they do not cooperate on joint patents. In this context, we explored whether the disclosure of crucial knowledge in the patents of one of the firms affects the patent quality of its respective competitor. The empirical methodology relies on forward citations as an indicator of quality, and backward citations to the competitor as a measure of spillovers. We estimated several count models with a sample of 7750 patent families (divided into subsamples) owned by two large companies, Airbus and Boeing. Our econometric findings show that, for technologies in which the two firms account for the majority of the global patents, neither of the firms in the duopoly was able to harness spillovers from the rival to improve the quality of its patents. However, knowledge from the competitor becomes relevant, at least for one of the focal firms, in explaining patent quality of other technologies in which the two firms do not exert a dominant position.
Students as scientists’ co-pilots at the onset of technology transfer: a two-way learning process
Authors: Giones Ferran , Kleine Kari , Tegtmeier Silke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo provide further knowledge and technology transfer to society, universities are exploring new collaborative models. These new models are regarded as promising alternatives to the patent-centric linear model. However, their implementation requires revising the roles of the actors in the technology transfer process and their relationships. While collaborative models could indeed be an attractive option for universities, there is limited evidence on how these collaboration processes could be effectively introduced. We use a longitudinal embedded multiple case study to explore the contribution of knowledge interactions between scientists and students in the preliminary steps of the technology transfer process. We investigate the learning dynamics between the focal actor, i.e., the scientist, and the students in a university setting to decipher how the introduction of such collaborative processes can contribute to knowledge and technology transfer. Our results suggest that students enrolled in an educational program can contribute to the scientist’s interest and engagement in technology transfer. However, we find out that the extent of the students’ contribution depends on the shared consensus over the technology function and the openness of the scientist to reconsider the technology’s meaning. We contribute to the ongoing exploration of alternative models for technology transfer and the identification of additional roles that students can take in entrepreneurial university ecosystems.
Phase diagram studies for the growth of (Mg,Zr):SrGa12O19 crystals
Authors: Klimm Detlef , Szczefanowicz Bartosz , Wolff Nora , Bickermann Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBy differential thermal analysis, a concentration field suitable for the growth of Zr, Mg co-doped strontium hexagallate crystals was observed that corresponds well with known experimental results. It was shown that the melting point of doped crystal is ca. 60 K higher than that of undoped crystals. This higher melting points indicate hexagallate phase stabilization by Zr, Mg co-doping and increase the growth window of (Mg,Zr):SrGa12O19, compared to undoped SrGa12O19 that grows from SrO–Ga2O3 melts.
Classification of topological invariants related to corner states
Authors: Hayashi Shin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe discuss some bulk-surface gapped Hamiltonians on a lattice with corners and propose a periodic table for topological invariants related to corner states aimed at studies of higher-order topological insulators. Our table is based on four things: (1) the definition of topological invariants, (2) a proof of their relation with corner states, (3) computations of K-groups and (4) a construction of explicit examples.
Virtual Reconstruction System of Building Spatial Structure Based on Laser 3D Scanning under Multivariate Big Data Fusion
Authors: Liang Yuan , Woźniak Marcin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Existing systems have disadvantages such as slow running speed, long time-consuming, and poor rendering effect in virtual reconstruction of architectural spatial structure. In order to solve such problems, virtual reconstruction system of building space structure is designed using laser 3D scanning technology under condition of fusion of multiple big data. The system was equipped with a 3D laser scanner and connected to computer, and the noise interference was reduced by image preprocessing module to complete the hardware design. The system improved user interface and maintenance module. Eventually, 3D model reconstruction was realized via data acquisition, data registration, coordinate transformation and 3D rendering. The results show that the system designed in this paper runs fast, and color of reconstruction results is consistent, which indicates that reconstruction results of building space structure obtained by the system are conducive to in-depth study of building space.
Man of the Theatre: Stage Performances of T. S. Eliot’s Work in Spain (1949–2016)
Authors: Llorens-Cubedo Dídac 
Published: September 2021

AbstractT. S. Eliot’s presence in Spanish theatres has taken various forms. His verse drama enjoyed a relative popularity in the late 1940s and in the 1950s: Murder in the Cathedral, The Family Reunion and The Cocktail Party were staged by student and amateur groups, “chamber” companies and even a national theatre. Reviews were ambivalent, most of them finding fault with the plays’ poetic density as an impediment for performance. Although, as a conservative Anglo-Catholic, Eliot was a priori an unproblematic author for the Francoist establishment and its censorship, critics loyal to Spanish National Catholicism were uncomfortable with the tragic fatalism of The Family Reunion, or with the non-judgemental treatment of adultery in The Cocktail Party. When Eliot’s plays were losing their appeal from the late 1950s onwards, only Murder in the Cathedral was occasionally performed in Spain. More recently, intermedial transpositions and dramatizations of Eliot’s poetry have consolidated his image as a great influential poet whose drama is a rarity.
“Un estado de la conciencia contemporánea”: género y moral en La sirena negra de Emilia Pardo Bazán
Authors: Bardavío Estevan Susana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite Emilia Pardo Bazán’s prominent feminism,La sirena negrahas been strangely overlooked by gender studies. When the novel was published in 1908, Gómez de Baquero judged it “non feminist” due to its superficial heroines and the centrality of its complex masculine characters. Academic studies ofLa sirena negrahave not refuted this idea, since they have elided gender approaches to focus on its decadent aesthetics. This article argues, on the contrary, that the novel’s androcentrism can be read as a Pardo Bazan’s strategy to appropriate the patriarchal discourse and hold it responsible for national degeneration. Emilia Pardo Bazán was harshly affected by the fin-de-siècle crisis. In her opinion, Spanish decay came from a lack of solid morality. Thus, Catholic principles should be restored because they would provide the autoregulation mechanisms to regenerate and reassemble the country. Literature should show the new reality, and the Frenchroman psychologiqueprovided her with an appropriate model.La sirena negrasets out the problem of the moral anomie through its protagonist, Gaspar de Montenegro. The analysis of his sexuality and gender performance reveals the danger of this amoral behavior for the degeneration of society, attributed ultimately to the patriarchal order and the androcentric discourse.
Blaming friends
Authors: Scholten Matthé 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to shed light on the complex relations between friendship and blame. In the first part, I show that to be friends is to have certain evaluative, emotional and behavioral dispositions toward each other, and distinguish between two kinds of norms of friendship, namely friendship-based obligations and friendship-constituting rules. Friendship-based obligations tag actions of friends as obligatory, permissible or wrong, whereas friendship-constituting rules specify conditions that, if met, make it so that two persons stand in a particular type of relationship defined by various friendship-based obligations. I argue that whereas friendship-based obligations apply to actions under direct voluntary control, friendship-constituting rules apply to emotional and evaluative attitudes. The second part develops an account of friendship blame by comparing Scanlon’s account of blame with Wallace’s Strawsonian account of blame. I demonstrate that Scanlon’s account picks out responses that become appropriate when friends’ attitudes are not in agreement with friendship-constituting rules, whereas Wallace’s account picks out responses that become appropriate when friends violate friendship-based obligations. Arguing that the responses picked out by Scanlon’s account do not amount to blame, I show that, when combined, the views give an illuminating picture of possible reactions to friends who fall short of the standards of friendship.
In situ laser manipulation of root tissues in transparent soil
Authors: Ge Sisi , Dupuy Lionel X. , MacDonald Michael P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsLaser micromanipulation such as dissection or optical trapping enables remote physical modification of the activity of tissues, cells and organelles. To date, applications of laser manipulation to plant roots grown in soil have been limited. Here, we show laser manipulation can be applied in situ when plant roots are grown in transparent soil.MethodsWe have developed a Q-switched laser manipulation and imaging instrument to perform controlled dissection of roots and to study light-induced root growth responses. We performed a detailed characterisation of the properties of the cutting beams through the soil, studying dissection and optical ablation. Furthermore, we also studied the use of low light doses to control the root elongation rate of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa) in air, agar, gel and transparent soil.ResultsWe show that whilst soil inhomogeneities affect the thickness and circularity of the beam, those distortions are not inherently limiting. The ability to induce changes in root elongation or complete dissection of microscopic regions of the root is robust to substrate heterogeneity and microscopy set up and is maintained following the limited distortions induced by the transparent soil environment.ConclusionsOur findings show that controlled in situ laser dissection of root tissues is possible with a simple and low-cost optical set-up. We also show that, in the absence of dissection, a reduced laser light power density can provide reversible control of root growth, achieving a precise “point and shoot” method for root manipulation.
Seasonal variation in AMF colonisation, soil and plant nutrient content in gypsum specialist and generalist species growing in P-poor soils
Authors: Cera Andreu , Duplat Estephania , Montserrat-Martí Gabriel , Gómez-Bolea Antonio , Rodríguez-Echeverría Susana , Palacio Sara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsGypsum soils are P-limited atypical soils that harbour a rich endemic flora. These singular soils are usually found in drylands, where plant activity and soil nutrient availability are seasonal. No previous studies have analysed the seasonality of P nutrition and its interaction with the arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) colonisation in gypsum plants. Our aim was to evaluate the seasonal changes in plant nutrient status, AMF colonisation and rhizospheric soil nutrient availability in gypsum specialist and generalist species.MethodsWe evaluated seasonal variation in the proportion of root length colonised by AMF structures (hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules), plant nutrient status (leaf C, N and P and fine root C and N) and rhizospheric soil content (P, organic matter, nitrate and ammonium) of three gypsum specialists and two generalists throughout a year.ResultsAll species showed arbuscules within roots, including species ofCaryophyllaceaeandBrassicaceae. Root colonisation by arbuscules (AC) was higher in spring than in other seasons, when plants showed high leaf P-requirements. Higher AC was decoupled from inorganic N and P availability in rhizospheric soil, and foliar nutrient content. Generalists showed higher AC than specialists, but only in spring.ConclusionsSeasonality was found in AMF colonisation, rhizospheric soil content and plant nutrient status. The mutualism between plants and AMF was highest in spring, when P-requirements are higher for plants, especially in generalists. However, AMF decoupled from plant demands in autumn, when nutrient availability increases in rhizospheric soil.
Precision agriculture technology adoption: a qualitative study of small-scale commercial “family farms” located in the North China Plain
Authors: Kendall Helen , Clark Beth , Li Wenjing , Jin Shan , Jones Glyn. D. , Chen Jing , Taylor James , Li Zhenhong , Frewer Lynn. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecision agriculture (PA) technologies offer a potential solution to food security and environmental challenges but, will only be successful if adopted by farmers. Adoption in China lags behind that in some developed agricultural economies despite scientifically proven benefits of PA technologies for Chinese agriculture. Adoption is dependent on farmer attitudes and perceptions towards PA technologies. An exploratory qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with Chinese arable farmers (n = 27) to explore their perceptions towards and adoption intentions of PA technologies in two Chinese provinces (Hebei and Shandong). A thematic analysis revealed five central themes to have emerged from the data, these were: “socio-political landscape”, “farming culture”, “agricultural challenges”, “adoption intentions (barriers/facilitators” and “practical support mechanisms”. All were likely to influence the level and rate of adoption of PA technologies amongst family farmers in China. The research revealed an openness to the potential of PA technologies amongst family farmers, although there was heterogeneity in the perceptions of PA technology and willingness to adopt. Improved rates of adoption will be achieved by reducing the barriers to adoption, including the need for low-cost PA applications that can be applied at small scale, improved information provision, financial support mechanisms including more accessible subsidies and credit, and reliable, regulated and affordable service provision.
The abc of the b and c in Spanish: inconsistent and context dependent letter errors and the development of orthographic knowledge in primary school children
Authors: Rodriguez Nuria , Acha Joana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study presents the results of a cross-sectional reading and spelling assessment conducted among 118 Spanish children in 3rd, 4th and 5th grade. The first aim was to explore whether children´s use of orthographic knowledge was modulated by lexical variables—word frequency and orthographic neighborhood—or sublexical variables—context-dependent, inconsistent or neutral letters- as well as the developmental pathway of such knowledge in both tasks. The second aim was to provide insight into the type of errors committed by children in order to detect the words and structures that convey most difficulties. Data showed that children rely on sublexical processes more than on lexical ones in reading and writing. Persistent errors in context-dependent and inconsistent letters were evident even in 5th grade, and writing involved greater difficulty in all grades. The presence of other type of errors such as substitutions, omissions or lexicalizations was negligible. Finally, an item analysis revealed that errors were located in low-frequency syllables, particularly in the first position. Data point to specific and persistent difficulties in context-dependent and inconsistent letters that may hinder the consolidation of accurate orthographic word representations in Spanish.
Security token offerings
Authors: Lambert Thomas , Liebau Daniel , Roosenboom Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper posits that distinguishing security token offerings (STOs) from initial coin offerings (ICOs) is important for the study of entrepreneurial finance. We first provide a working definition of a security token and present an overview of the STO market using a unique STO sample. The STO activity developed after the end of the ICO market bubble. The STO market is, however, still a nascent market. STOs are geographically dispersed but concentrated in jurisdictions with accommodating securities laws. Next, we explore STO success factors. We show that various issuer and offering characteristics traditionally used in the ICO literature also matter for STO success. We also find that success is associated with good governance practices, consistent with the corporate finance literature. We conclude by discussing the implications of native digital securities, the next generation of security tokens, for entrepreneurial finance.