bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study exploring the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment on cerebral blood flow and its relation to clinical outcomes in severe enduring anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dalton Bethan , Maloney Erica , Rennalls Samantha J. , Bartholdy Savani , Kekic Maria , McClelland Jessica , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike , O’Daly Owen G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a novel treatment option for people with severe enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN), but associated neurobiological changes are poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of rTMS treatment on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and whether any observed changes in CBF are associated with changes in clinical outcomes in people with SE-AN.

Methods
As part of a randomised sham-controlled feasibility trial of 20 sessions of high-frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 26 of 34 trial participants completed arterial spin labelling (ASL) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to quantify regional and global resting state CBF before (pre-randomisation baseline) and after real or sham treatment (1-month post-randomisation). A group of healthy females (n = 30) were recruited for baseline comparison. Clinical outcomes, including BMI, and depression and anxiety symptoms, were assessed at baseline, 1-, 4-, and 18-months post-randomisation.

Results
No group differences in regional CBF were identified between the SE-AN and healthy comparison participants. A significant treatment-by-time interaction in a medial temporal lobe cluster with the maximal peak in the right amygdala was identified, reflecting a greater reduction in amygdala CBF following real rTMS compared to sham. Participants with the greatest rTMS-related reduction in amygdala CBF (i.e., between baseline and 1-month post-randomisation) showed the greatest sustained weight gain at 18-months post-randomisation. Higher baseline CBF in the insula predicted greater weight gain between baseline and 1-month post-randomisation and between baseline and 4-months post-randomisation.

Conclusions
This exploratory pilot study identified rTMS treatment related changes in CBF in adults with SE-AN and these were associated with changes in weight. Our preliminary findings also suggest that CBF (as measured by ASL fMRI) may be a marker of rTMS treatment response in this patient group. Future rTMS studies in AN should employ longitudinal neuroimaging to further explore the neurobiological changes related to rTMS treatment.

Trial registration
ISRCTN14329415, registered 23rd July 2015.
Effect of wound healing in gels containing tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves
Authors: Mushkina Volha 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Alnus glutinosa (L) is a widespread medicinal plant on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves tincture has an anti-inflammatory effect on the diseases of the throat, intestines, in rheumatism and gout. Water extracts from collective fruit, leaves and bark are used for gargling in stomatitis and gum bleeding. The purpose of the research was to establish wound healing activity of gels based on alcohol extracts from Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves on the model of a surface full flap skin wound on laboratory animals.

Methods
Regenerating action of new drugs (gels) based on tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves was studied on a model of planar full-layer skin wound in laboratory animals. Wounds were treated daily with gels applied to complete healing. The wound area was measured planometrically to assess the effectiveness of drugs and then the percentage of area reduction was calculated. Regenerative action of the gels developed was compared to widely used in medical practice 4% Dexpanthenol Gel and Reparef-2 Ointment. 15 g of Reparef-2 Ointment contains 1200 mg of bien and 75 mg of dioxidine.

Results
Wound healing activity of gels containing tinctures of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves based on 30% and 60% alcohol as to the rate of healing and the area of wounds epithelialization has been proved. Wound area treated with the gel based on Alnus glutinosa (L) extract containing 60% alcohol on day 13 of the experiment decreased by 95.59% ± 0.9% (p ≤ 0.05); based on the tincture containing 30% alcohol - by 92.93% ± 1.11%. Medicinal preparations with proved wound healing activity were compared: Reparef-2 Ointment (reduction percentage of wound area on day 13 of the experiment made 92.24% ± 2.21%) and Dexpanthenol Gel (reduction percentage of wound area on day 13 of the experiment made 83.09% ± 3.41%).
Compared with the control group the gel based on 60% tincture of Alnus glutinosa (L) leaves showed a decrease in the epithelialization period by 29.5%; based on 30% tincture - by 24.6%; Reparef-2 Ointment - by 23.6% and Dexpanthenol Gel - by 13.8%.

Conclusions
The results of this study showed that the developed gels based on Alnus glutinosa (L) have a regenerating action and can be used to treat wound processes taking into account previously established antimicrobial activity.
Emotional experiences of secondary pre-service teachers conducting practical work in a science lab course: individual differences and prediction of teacher efficacy
Authors: Smit Robbert , Robin Nicolas , Rietz Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study explored pre-service science teachers’ emotions during a semester-long laboratory science course. Emotions were measured with the experience sampling technique, which is a research method that facilitates the observation of emotional states over a long period. We studied the relationships between pre-service teachers’ emotional states (enjoyment, stress, and insecurity), self-efficacy traits and beliefs, and their momentary intentions to apply the experiment in later teaching. A total of N = 101 pre-service teachers completed a short, electronic questionnaire twice during each of the nine course sessions. Data analysis utilised random-slope multi-level models. Pre-service teachers’ emotions became more negative over time. In addition, emotional states accurately predicted teachers’ momentary intentions to use the experiment in the future. However, this relationship differed significantly for each course session and between teachers. Emotional states also predicted pre-service teachers’ habitual self-efficacy beliefs for teaching biology experiments with small but significant variances between teachers. The results indicate that emotions experienced during teacher education might influence the teacher students’ professional attitudes towards science teaching.
Associations of Socioeconomic Status and Rurality With New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease in Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Batra Atul , Kong Shiying , Cheung Winson Y. 
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer are predisposed to develop new-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to assess if rural residence and low socioeconomic status modify such a risk. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with solid organ cancers without any baseline CVD and on a follow-up of at least 1 year in a large Canadian province from 2004 to 2017 were identified using the population-based registry. We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the associations of rural residence and low socioeconomic status with the development of CVD. RESULTS: We identified 81,418 patients eligible for the analysis. The median age was 62 years, and 54.3% were women. At a median follow-up of 68 months, 29.4% were diagnosed with new CVD. The median time from cancer diagnosis to CVD diagnosis was 29 months. Rural patients (32.3% v 28.5%; P < .001) and those with low income (30.4% v 25.9%; P < .001) or low educational attainment (30.7% v 27.6%; P < .001) experienced higher rates of CVD. After adjusting for baseline factors and treatment, rural residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11; P < .001), low income (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.21; P < .001), and low education (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.11; P < .001) continued to be associated with higher odds of CVD. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that patients with low socioeconomic status were more likely to die, but patients residing rurally were not. CONCLUSION: Despite universal health care, marginalized populations experience different CVD risk profiles that should be considered when operationalizing lifestyle modification strategies and cardiac surveillance programs for the growing number of cancer survivors.
Women With Chronic Hypoparathyroidism Have Low Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Björnsdottir Sigridur , Clarke Bart , Mäkitie Outi , Sandström Anna , Tiblad Eleonor , Spelman Tim , Kämpe Olle 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Context
There are scarce data on the management of chronic hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) in pregnant women.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcome and total number of births in maternal chronic hypoPT.

Methods
The Swedish National Patient Register, The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, Swedish Medical Birth Register, and the Total Population Register were used to identify 97 women with chronic hypoPT and 1030 age-matched controls who delivered 139 and 1577 singleton infants, respectively, following diagnosis between 1997 and 2017.

Results
Women in the chronic hypoPT group had more frequent diabetes (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with the control group (P = 0.043 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for DM, CKD, maternal age at delivery, and calendar year of delivery, chronic hypoPT cases were associated with increased risk of induction of labor (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.13-2.94) and birth of infants with lower birth weight (β-coefficient −188 g; 95% CI, −312.2 to −63.8) compared with controls. No difference was found in infant length, small for gestational age, or head circumference after adjustments. Mean gestational age at delivery after controlling for DM, CKD, and pre-eclampsia was not significantly younger (P = 0.119). There was no difference in congenital malformations or perinatal death and no difference in the total number of infants born between groups (P = 0.518).

Conclusion
The majority of women with chronic hypoPT had normal pregnancy outcomes, and the overall risks appear low. Maternal chronic hypoPT is, however, associated with higher risk of induction of labor and slightly lower infant birth weight.
Rare Causes of Hypercalcemia: 2021 Update
Authors: Motlaghzadeh Yasaman , Bilezikian John P , Sellmeyer Deborah E 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContextPrimary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the etiologies in 90% of cases of hypercalcemia. When these entities are not the etiology of hypercalcemia, uncommon conditions need to be considered. In 2005, Jacobs and Bilezikian published a clinical review of rare causes of hypercalcemia, focusing on mechanisms and pathophysiology. This review is an updated synopsis of rare causes of hypercalcemia, extending the observations of the original article.Evidence AcquisitionArticles reporting rare associations between hypercalcemia and unusual conditions were identified through a comprehensive extensive PubMed-based search using the search terms “hypercalcemia” and “etiology,” as well as examining the references in the identified case reports. We categorized the reports by adults vs pediatric and further categorized the adult reports based on etiology. Some included reports lacked definitive assessment of etiology and are reported as unknown mechanism with discussion of likely etiology.Evidence SynthesisThere is a growing understanding of the breadth of unusual causes of hypercalcemia. When the cause of hypercalcemia is elusive, a focus on mechanism and review of prior reported cases is key to successful determination of the etiology.ConclusionsThe ever-expanding reports of patients with rare and even unknown mechanisms of hypercalcemia illustrate the need for continued investigation into the complexities of human calcium metabolism.
Expression of insulin-like growth factors depends on both mass and resource availability in female green anoles (Anolis carolinensis)
Authors: Marks Jamie R. , Beatty Abby E. , Schwartz Tonia S. , Sorlin Mahaut , Lailvaux Simon P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
The insulin and insulin-like signaling (IIS) network is an important mediator of cellular growth and metabolism in animals, and is sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and resource availability. The two main hormones of the IIS network, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), are present in all vertebrates, yet little is known regarding the responsiveness of IGF2 in particular to external stimuli in non-mammalian animals. We manipulated diet (low or high quantity of food: low and high diet group, respectively) in adult green anole (Anolis carolinensis) females to test the effect of energetic state on hepatic gene expression of IGF1 and IGF2. The absolute expression of IGF2 in female green anoles was 100 times higher than that of IGF1 regardless of diet treatment, and IGF1 and IGF2 expression interacted with post-treatment body mass and treatment, as did the expression of the purported housekeeping genes glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2). The low diet group showed a negative relationship between body mass and gene expression for all genes, whereas the relationships between body mass and gene expression in the high diet group were either absent (in the case of IGF1) or positive (for all other genes). After accounting for total change in mass, the low diet group expressed IGF2, GAPDH and EEF2 at higher levels compared with individuals in the high diet group of a similar change in mass. These results illustrate that expression of IGF1 and IGF2, and of the housekeeping genes is affected by energe­tic status in reptiles.
Neue Befunde im Friedhofsareal St. Theodor
Authors: Bing Christian 
Published: July 2021

Wie erwartet, wurden durch den Leitungsgraben im Bereich des ehemaligen Friedhofes mehrere Gräber angeschnitten. Ausserhalb des Friedhofes wurden plattenartig verlegten Kalk- und Sandbruchsteine dokumentiert, die als Gehhorizont bzw. Gasse gedeutet werden. Weiter wurde ein Teilbereich eines Anbaus an den Chor bzw. Kirchturm der Theodorskirche, ein Mauergeviert und die Turmfundamente untersucht.
Bereits 1984 war eine ziemlich grosse und tiefe mittelalterliche Grube ausgegraben worden, die im Artikel ebenfalls vorgestellt wird.
Health profession readiness for interprofessional education in the Central Appalachia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Blankenship Amanda , Asimellis George , Joshi Bhargavi , Rodriguez Briana , Wright Sidle Margaret 
Published: July 2021

Background: This study on interprofessional relationships took place in Eastern Kentucky analyzing optometry, medical and nursing students at the University of Pikeville. The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), regarding all three healthcare professional schools, was used to measure and determine students' views on working with one another. The purpose of the study was to examine similarities and differences in student attitudes across the three health professional programs within the same university. Methods: Second year University of Pikeville (UPIKE) nursing, optometry, and medical students were given survey questions that followed the validated 19-item Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Results: While the optometry and medical students demonstrated statistically similar attitudes, key statistical findings included that nursing students were more likely than medical students to believe that clinical problem solving can only be learned effectively with students/professionals from their own school/organization (p = 0.015); nursing students were more likely than medical students to welcome the opportunity to work on small group projects with other health and social care students/professionals (p = 0.018); and nursing students were more likely than both optometry and medical students to not be sure what their professional role will be/is (p=.005). Conclusions: At the UPIKE, there is an observable difference between the attitudes toward IPE. Nursing students appeared to have a more positive attitude toward IPE than medical and optometry students, with the medical and optometry students having similar attitudes.
Aplicabilidade dos instrumentos de política urbana: o caso do plano diretor de São João da Barra - RJ
Authors: Araújo Ronaldo De Sousa , Siqueira Juliana Landim Gomes , Chrispim Zélia Maria Peixoto 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a utilização dos instrumentos da política urbana brasileira dispostos na Constituição Federal e no Estatuto da Cidade, tendo como objeto de análise o Plano Diretor e Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo do município de São João da Barra no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo do estudo é verificar a aplicabilidade dos instrumentos considerando a forma como eles são disponibilizados na legislação. A Metodologia utilizada foi de revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise comparativa da legislação municipal com a legislação federal. Por meio de tabela, verificou-se a incidência dos instrumentos na legislação do município. Com a pesquisa verificou-se que a maioria dos instrumentos de política urbana dispostos na legislação de São João da Barra foram citados, mas não tiveram os locais de aplicação definidos, comprometendo a aplicabilidade destes instrumentos. A pesquisa reflete a dificuldade de consolidação da atual política urbana no país.
Expansão da educação a distância no território fluminense: um enfoque multicritério
Authors: Pereira Luiz Augusto Caldas , Patrão Carla Nogueira , Erthal Milton 
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a aplicação prática do método ELECTRE I para apoio à decisão de gestores públicos educacionais, mais precisamente no Instituto Federal Fluminense, na definição dos municípios para implantação de seis novos polos de Educação a Distância. Para a estruturação do trabalho, foi definido que o conjunto de alternativas possíveis seria formado por municípios que integram as mesorregiões Noroeste Fluminense, Norte Fluminense e Baixadas Litorâneas, excluindo aqueles que já contam com campus presencial ou polo de EaD do IFFluminense. O processo decisório foi modelado baseando-se em critérios e pesos atribuídos por especialistas. Os resultados alcançados com a aplicação do método Electre I demonstram a utilidade dos métodos multicritérios de apoio à decisão. O método Electre I, sem prescindir de aspectos ligados ao decisor, favorece a transparência nos processos decisórios dos gestores. Porém, vale renovar a afirmação de que nenhum tipo de instrumento ou ferramenta pode ser considerado pela sua qualidade que supera a condição de deliberador finalístico do decisor.
Rio de Janeiro: trajetória institucional e especificidades do marco de poder
Authors: Osorio Mauro , Rego Henrique Rabelo Sá , Versiani Maria Helena 
Published: July 2021

A trajetória econômica, política e social da cidade e do estado do Rio de Janeiro é analisada neste artigo, tendo em vista a institucionalidade formal (leis) e informal (hábitos e cultura) que marcou a história da região. São discutidos os impactos dessa institucionalidade para a constituição do marco de poder dominante no Rio de Janeiro, bem como problematizados os desafios existentes para a superação, no século XXI, do longo processo de decadência econômica vivenciado na economia carioca e fluminense a partir do período pós-1960.
Planos diretores dos municípios fluminenses: do “ter ou não ter” à avaliação de experiências
Authors: Magalhães Alex Ferreira , Ribeiro Tarcyla Fidalgo , Sousa Aline Viana de , IhlerDrumond Fernando , Granja Laura Santos , Pereira Thamara Francisconi Vieira , Santos Daiane Maria de Sousa , Aleixo Julia De Castro 
Published: July 2021

A elaboração dos Planos Diretores, embora seja uma obrigação constitucional, se tornou ponto central da política urbana municipal apenas em 2001, através do Estatuto da Cidade. Passado o período de vigência dos planos elaborados na primeira década do século, a avaliação dos impactos de tais planos sobre o desenvolvimento urbano torna-se essencial, especialmente no que tange às variáveis de ordem ‘local’. A partir dos resultados de uma pesquisa preliminar desenvolvida em 2015, foi revelado um cenário geral de aplicação residual desses planos, por desconhecimento das disposições, desaparelhamento e/ou baixo desenvolvimento institucional das prefeituras, conflitos políticos, etc. Esse contexto se tornou ponto de partida para nova pesquisa, e as decorrentes análises apresentadas no presente artigo. A partir do estudo de 15 municípios fluminenses, com ênfase em seus instrumentos urbanísticos, apresentamos aqui uma primeira aproximação do panorama da aplicação dos Planos Diretores no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ainda, é um dos objetivos do artigo debater propostas metodológicas de avaliação dos Planos Diretores quanto à sua efetividade. Através da análise de 7 instrumentos urbanísticos (PEUC, IPTU progressivo, direito de preempção, outorga onerosa, OUC, transferência do direito de construir e EIV) nos municípios estudados, constatou-se uma incidência de 27 instrumentos aplicáveis, em um universo que chega a 105, o que sugere a hipótese de um baixo grau de aplicação e estimula questionamentos como: o plano diretor deve ser um plano de princípios e diretrizes, de orientação geral para os gestores, ou um diagnóstico físico-territorial do município? Deve ter dispositivos autoaplicáveis que obriguem a administração pública? Como avançar para além do cumprimento estritamente formal da obrigação de elaborar os planos diretores e assegurar que eles surtam efeitos concretos no desenvolvimento urbano? Embora o universo de análise se restrinja a municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, nossa percepção é de que tais desafios estão postos para um grande número de municípios do país, ainda que em diferentes graus.
Quando a praça vira...: estudos de caso sobre a ocupação das praças na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Menezes Ana Paula , Mendonça Bruno , Tângari Vera 
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo é parte integrante da pesquisa sobre a distribuição e classificação dos sistemas de espaços livres públicos e privados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro desenvolvida pelo Grupo SELRJ, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura – PROARQ-FAU/UFRJ. Essa pesquisa apresenta o embasamento teórico e a metodologia para a classificação dos sistemas de espaços livres públicos e privados, pautados na pesquisa de caráter nacional da Rede QUAPÁ-SEL, liderada pela FAU-USP (MACEDO et al,. 2009; CAMPOS et al., 2011, 2012; TÂNGARI et al., 2012). O artigo em tela se debruça especificamente na análise do mapeamento e quantificação de um tipo específico de espaço livre público que são as praças e no processo de reversão desses espaços para implantação de escolas e clínicas de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em especial nas Áreas de Planejamento AP3 e AP5, localizadas a norte e oeste da cidade, respectivamente. Para isso foi usado como ferramenta de mapeamento o programa de geoprocessamento ArcGIS, associado às informações fornecidas pela Prefeitura Municipal do Rio de Janeiro e seu banco de dados, que permitiram analisar os dados sobre praças na cidade e a incidência dos equipamentos públicos.