bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-181c regulates MCL1 and cell survival in GATA2 deficient cells
Authors: Wang Weixin , Chen Rui , Droll Stephenie , Barber Emily , Saleh Layla , Corrigan-Cummins Meghan , Trick Megan , Anastas Vollter , Hawk Nga Voong , Zhao Zhen , Vinh Donald C , Hsu Amy , Hickstein Dennis D , Holland Steven M , Calvo Katherine R 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGATA2 is a transcription factor critical for hematopoiesis. Germline mutations in GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) led to haploinsufficiency, severe cytopenias of multiple cell lineages, susceptibility to infections and strong propensity to develop myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Mechanisms of progressive cytopenias remain unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) represents a unique mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this study, miRNA profiles were evaluated and eight miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed (≥2-fold, P ≤ 0.05) in patient-derived cell lines (N = 13) in comparison to controls (N = 10). miR-9, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-181c, miR-181c-3p, miR-486-3p, and miR-582 showed increased expression, whereas miR-223 and miR-424-3p showed decreased expression. Cell death assays indicated that miR-181c potently induces cell death in lymphoid (Ly-8 and SP-53) and myeloid (HL-60) cell lines. miR-181c was predicted to target myeloid cell leukemia (MCL)1, which was confirmed by transfection assays, resulting in significantly reduced MCL1 mRNA and decreased live cell numbers. Bone marrow analysis of 34 GATA2 patients showed significantly decreased cellularity, CD34-positive cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, B cells, and B cell precursors in comparison to healthy controls (N = 29; P &lt; 0.001 for each), which was accompanied by decreased levels of MCL1 (P &lt; 0.05). GATA2 expression led to significant repression of miR-181c expression in transfection experiments. Conversely, knockdown of GATA2 led to increased miR-181c expression. These findings indicate that miR-181c expression is increased and MCL1 levels decreased in GATA2 deficiency cells, and that GATA2 represses miR-181c transcription. Increased miR-181c may contribute to elevated cell death and cytopenia in GATA2 deficiency potentially through down-regulation of MCL1.
Altered static and dynamic functional network connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy with different disease duration and their relationships with attention
Authors: Liang Xiulin , Pang Xiaomin , Zhao Jingyuan , Yu Lu , Wu Peirong , Li Xinrong , Wei Wutong , Zheng Jinou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe brain network alterations associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) progression are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate altered patterns of static and dynamic functional network connectivity (sFNC and dFNC) in TLE with different durations of disease. In this study, 19 TLE patients with a disease duration of ≤5 years (TLE‐SD), 24 TLE patients with a disease duration of >5 years (TLE‐LD), and 21 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging and attention network test. We used group independent component analysis to determine the target resting‐state networks. Sliding window correlation and k‐means clustering analysis methods were used to obtain different dFNC states, temporal properties, and temporal variability. We then compared sFNC and dFNC between groups and found that compared with HCs, TLE‐SD patients had increased sFNC between the dorsal attention network and sensorimotor network/visual network (VN), but decreased sFNC between the inferior–posterior default mode network and VN. In the strongly connected dFNC state, TLE‐SD patients spent more time, had greater mean dwell time, and showed greater inconsistent abnormal network connectivity. There was a significant negative correlation between the temporal variability of auditory network‐ left fronto‐parietal network connectivity and orienting effect. No significant differences in sFNC and dFNC were detected between TLE‐LD and HC groups. These findings suggest that the damage and functional brain network abnormalities gradually occur in TLE patients after the onset of epilepsy, which might lead to functional network reorganization and compensatory remodeling as the disease progresses.
Raman spectroscopic study of gamma radiation‐initiated polymerization of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate in different solvents
Authors: Mahmood Malik H. , Himics László , Váczi Tamás , Rigó István , Holomb Roman , Beiler Barbara , Veres Miklós 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, the degree of conversion and polymerization kinetics of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) monomer in different solvents upon gamma irradiation with different doses have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and mass difference measurements. Density functional theory calculations were performed on the monomer and the crosslinked structure to obtain the assignment of Raman peaks to specific bonds. The evolution of the bonding configuration of the structure with dose and the composition of the monomer mixture was investigated. The dependence of the polymerization rate on the solvent type was explained by the mechanism of the polymerization affected by the relative solubility of the components of the monomer mixture. Raman measurements revealed also that there are not fully crosslinked monomer molecules in the polymer matrix.
Enantioseparation and determination of triazole fungicides in fruit juice by aqueous biphasic system coupled with HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Tian Hongzhe , Xu Chunqi , Shi Zhimeng , Fu Haoliang , Li Xiuwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aqueous biphasic system based on choline ionic liquids and ethylene/propylene oxide copolymer coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of two fungicides: myclobutanil and tebuconazole. The influence of mass fractions of ionic liquids and the copolymer on the extraction efficiency of the target fungicides was investigated. The analytes are mainly concentrated in the bottom, copolymer‐rich phase. The extraction efficiencies of the selected fungicides were significantly affected by the concentrations of the copolymer, and their extraction efficiencies decreased with the higher mass fractions of the copolymer, while the mass fraction of ionic liquids had little effect on their extraction behavior. Excellent extraction efficiency was achieved using the aqueous biphasic system based on choline L‐lysinate and the copolymer. At three spiked concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg, the average recoveries of the selected fungicides ranged from 80 to 89%, with the relative standard deviations in the range of 2.1–5.3%. Limits of quantitation for the enantiomers of tebuconazole and myclobutanil were 0.5 and 5.0 µg/kg, respectively. The developed system could be successfully applied to the analysis of triazole fungicides residue in real samples.
Reversible Hydrogels with Switchable Diffusive Permeability
Authors: Nicolella Paola , Lauxen Daniel , Ahmadi Mostafa , Seiffert Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogels are polymer networks swollen in water that are characterized by soft mechanics and high permeability. This makes them good candidates for separation and membrane technologies. The diffusion is controlled by the mesh size of the network, and this can be made tunable through the introduction of thermoresponsive polymers. However, this is still a developing field. To contribute to this development, a dual dynamic network is formed composed of four‐arm polyethylene glycol precursors in which each arm is functionalized with both a terpyridine moiety capable of forming reversible metal–ligand complexes along with branches of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm), which can be switched between expanded and collapsed states and therewith offers a path for switching the microscopic gel‐network mesh size, along with the macroscopic gel elasticity. The dually sensitive hydrogel has the capability of doubling its elastic modulus when going above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAAm. In addition, the diffusive permeability of the hydrogel is switched upon change of temperature, whereby diffusants are trapped above the LCST of pNIPAAm. Moreover, it is possible to disassemble and reform the gel upon change of pH. With that, the hydrogel has potential application as a switchable and reversible membrane.
The Suszko operator relative to truth‐equational logics
Authors: Albuquerque Hugo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis note presents some new results from [1] about the Suszko operator and truth‐equational logics, following the works of Czelakowski [11] and Raftery [17]. It is proved that the Suszko operator relative to a truth‐equational logic preserves suprema and commutes with endomorphisms. Together with injectivity, proved by Raftery in [17], the Suszko operator relative to a truth‐equational logic is a structural representation, as defined in [15]. Furthermore, if is a quasivariety, then the Suszko operator relative to a truth‐equational logic is continuous. Finally, it is proved that truth is equationally definable in the class if and only if is a ‐algebraic semantics for and the Suszko operator preserves suprema and commutes with substitutions.
Preparation Process Orthogonal Optimization and Mechanical Properties of Microcellular Foam Polypropylene
Authors: Li Mingchao , Huang Tuankang , Qin Youlin , Shen Chunhui , Gao Shanjun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMelt strength, pressure and the amount of gas have significant effects on the foaming of polypropylene (PP). It is convenient to study the influence of these factors on foaming effect by orthogonal test. The experiment result shows that within the set factors and levels, the improvement of melt and the concentration of foaming masterbatch has the greatest influence on the cell size and density of foamed PP, respectively. When the concentration of azodicarbonamide (ADC) is 15 %, PP/ethylene‐propylene terpolymer (EPDM) = 90:10, and SiO2 content is 3%, the foaming effect is the best. At this time, the cell diameter decreases by 42.7%, cell density increases by more than 7.5 times compared with that without optimization. Material density decreases from 0.92 to 0.56 g cm−3. It is also found that good closed‐cell structure can improve the bending and impact properties of PP in varying degrees, especially the impact strength is 55.7% higher than that of neat PP. Finally, the promoting mechanism of cell structure on mechanical properties of materials is discussed, which is of great significance for the preparation of microfoamed PP materials and the deep research of its cell structure.
Biharmonic hypersurfaces in a product space Lm×R
Authors: Fu Yu , Maeta Shun , Ou Ye‐Lin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study biharmonic hypersurfaces in a product of an Einstein space and a real line . We prove that a biharmonic hypersurface with constant mean curvature in such a product is either minimal or a vertical cylinder generalizing a result of [36] and [17]. We derived the biharmonic equation for hypersurfaces in and in terms of the angle function of the hypersurface, and use it to obtain some classifications of biharmonic hypersurfaces in such spaces. These include classifications of biharmonic hypersurfaces which are totally umbilical or semi‐parallel for , and some classifications of biharmonic surfaces in and which are constant angle or belong to certain classes of rotation surfaces.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of carotid arterial tissue ex vivo: Assessing sensitivity to vessel microstructural composition
Authors: Stone Alan J. , Tornifoglio Brooke , Johnston Robert D. , Shmueli Karin , Kerskens Christian , Lally Caitríona 
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo characterize microstructural contributions to the magnetic susceptibility of carotid arteries.MethodArterial vessels were scanned using high‐resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) at 7 Tesla. Models of vessel degradation were generated using ex vivo porcine carotid arteries that were subjected to several different enzymatic digestion treatments that selectively removed microstructural components (smooth muscle cells, collagen, and elastin). Magnetic susceptibilities measured in these tissue models were compared to those in untreated (native) porcine arteries. Magnetic susceptibility measured in native porcine carotid arteries was further compared to the susceptibility of cadaveric human carotid arteries to investigate their similarity.ResultsThe magnetic susceptibility of native porcine vessels was diamagnetic (χnative = −0.1820 ppm), with higher susceptibilities in all models of vessel degradation (χelastin‐degraded = −0.0163 ppm; χcollagen‐degraded = −0.1158 ppm; χdecellularized = −0.1379 ppm; χfixed native = −0.2199 ppm). Magnetic susceptibility was significantly higher in collagen‐degraded compared to native porcine vessels (Tukey‐Kramer, P < .01) and between elastin‐degraded and all other models (including native, Tukey‐Kramer, P < .001). The susceptibility of fixed healthy human arterial tissue was diamagnetic, and no significant difference was found between fixed human and fixed porcine arterial tissue susceptibilities (analysis of variance, P > .05).ConclusionsMagnetic susceptibility measured using QSM is sensitive to the microstructural composition of arterial vessels—most notably to collagen. The similarity of human and porcine arterial tissue susceptibility values provides a solid basis for translational studies. Because vessel microstructure becomes disrupted during the onset and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, QSM has the potential to provide a sensitive and specific marker of vessel disease.
Nutrition rehabilitation–related complications in primary mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Diamond Tamir , DiVito Donna , Savoca Melanie , Mascarenhas Maria , Goldstein Amy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) comprise a group of hundreds of individual genetic diseases affecting mitochondrial function, including oxidative phosphorylation and energy production. The estimated prevalence of these disorders ranges from 2.9 to 20 cases per 100,000. PMDs are commonly associated with malnutrition and growth failure. There is a paucity of literature regarding nutrition assessment and long‐term data in the PMD population. We present three patients with various PMDs who presented complications related to malnutrition: (1) a 16‐year‐old male with Kearns‐Sayre syndrome developed type 2 insulin‐requiring diabetes mellitus after the initiation of high‐calorie nutrition rehabilitation via gastrostomy tube (G‐tube); (2) an 11‐year‐old female with myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers developed diarrhea with metabolic decompensation and profound neurological and respiratory deterioration during nutrition rehabilitation after surgical G‐tube placement; and (3) a 19‐year‐old male with a WARS2‐associated PMD manifesting with developmental delay and severe parkinsonism presented complications related to poor wound healing after gastrojejunostomy tube placement. The last patient required prolonged hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring these possible complications, as no standards of care exist for the initiation of enteral nutrition for this unique population.
Analyses of the Rationale and Implementation of Research Biopsies in Oncology Clinical Trials at a Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Olympios Nathalie , Collet Laetitia , Paesmans Marianne , Jungels Christiane , Kotecki Nuria , Awada Ahmad , Aftimos Philippe 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Biomarkers in clinical trials have led to massive incorporation of research biopsies, with potentially risks and no direct benefit for patients. In 2018, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) released an ethical framework to provide guidance on incorporating research biopsies in cancer clinical trials.

Materials and Methods
We collected biopsy requirements of cancer clinical trials conducted at Institut Jules Bordet (IJB) between 2015 and 2019 to examine adherence with the ASCO Ethical Framework. We used logistic regression models to test the association between the request for biopsy, the request for tissue, and the adherence to the ASCO framework as well as some trial characteristics.

Results
Between January 2015 and December 2019, 178 oncological studies were conducted at IJB. Of these, 138 (78%) were sponsored by industry, 132 (74%) were phase II and III studies, and 141 (79%) concerned metastatic disease. Tissue was required for inclusion for 119 (67%) studies, among which 59 required at least one new biopsy. Adherence to ASCO's Ethical Framework was 67% for studies requiring tissue and went down to 39% for studies requiring at least one new biopsy. In multivariate analysis, requests for tissue or new biopsies increased in early-phase studies (p &lt; .001, p &lt; .001, respectively) and in studies investigating innovative treatments (immunotherapy or targeted therapies; p &lt; .01, p = .02). Compliance to the ASCO framework significantly decreased with time (p &lt; .001) and in early-phase studies (p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Numerous studies required tissue or new biopsies for exploratory objectives of unknown clinical utility. Requests for tissue increased over the years, whereas compliance to ASCO's Ethical Framework decreased.

Implications for Practice
In 2019, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) developed an ethical framework to provide guidance on incorporating research biopsies in clinical trials. This study underlines the growing request for tissue in clinical trials with potentially no impact on drug development and no benefit to actual or future patients. Adherence to ASCO's Ethical Framework decreases through time. These results highlight the importance of improving the ethics of research biopsies. ASCO's Ethical Framework offers an opportunity to improve quality of care in clinical research by maximizing scientific utility and allowing for clinically meaningful correlative science and safe access to innovative treatments for a maximum number of patients.
An evidence‐based, risk‐adapted algorithm for antifungal prophylaxis reduces risk for invasive mold infections in children with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Dutta Ankhi , Ikwuezunma Ashley , Castellanos Maria I. , Brackett Julienne , Reddy Kiranmye , Mahajan Priya , Marshburn Ann M. , Kamdar Kala , Paek Hana , Palazzi Debra L. , Rabin Karen R. , Scheurer Michael E. , Gramatges Maria M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren with hematologic malignancies, especially those who receive intensive chemotherapy, are at high risk for invasive mold infections (IMI) that confer substantial mortality. Randomized controlled trials support the use of antifungal prophylaxis with antimold activity as an optimal strategy for risk reduction in this population, but studies outlining the practical application of evidence‐based recommendations are lacking.ProcedureWe conducted a 15‐year, single‐institution retrospective review in a diverse cohort of children with hematologic malignancies treated with chemotherapy to determine the incidence of proven or probable IMI diagnosed between 2006 and 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify host and disease factors associated with IMI risk. We then compared the incidence and type of IMI and related factors before and after 2016 implementation of an evidence‐based, risk‐adapted antifungal prophylaxis algorithm that broadened coverage to include molds in patients at highest risk for IMI.ResultsWe identified 61 cases of proven or probable IMI in 1456 patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies during the study period (4.2%). Implementation of an antifungal prophylaxis algorithm reduced the IMI incidence in this population from 4.8% to 2.9%. Both Hispanic ethnicity and cancer diagnosis prior to 2016 were associated with risk for IMI.ConclusionAn evidence‐based, risk‐adapted approach to antifungal prophylaxis for children with hematologic malignancies is an effective strategy to reduce incidence of IMI.
Novel G‐CSF conjugated anionic globular dendrimer: Preparation and biological activity assessment
Authors: Mousavi Motlagh Seyed Shahaboddin , Seyedhamzeh Mohammad , Ahangari Cohan Reza , Shafiee Ardestani Mehdi , Vaziri Behrouz , Azadmanesh Kayhan , Saberi Sahar , Masoumi Vahideh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe most crucial role of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in the body is to increase the strength of immune system. In recent years, research on the use of nanoparticles in pharmaceuticals has been considered, most of which have been for drug‐loading purposes. In this study, a novel G‐CSF conjugated dendrimer was synthesized and characterized using different techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed on A549 and L929 cells, while abnormal toxicity was studied in mice. In vitro and in vivo biological activities were assessed in NFS60 cells and rats, respectively. In addition, in vivo distribution, plasma half‐life, and histopathological effect were studied in rat. The characterization tests confirmed the successful conjugation. There was no difference between G‐CSF cytotoxicity before and after conjugation, and no difference with the control group. No mice showed abnormal toxicity. Although in vitro biological activity revealed both conjugated and free G‐CSF promote proliferation cells, biological activity decreased significantly after conjugation about one‐third of the unconjugated form. Nonetheless, in vivo biological activity of conjugated G‐CSF increased by more than 2.5‐fold relative to the unconjugated form, totally. Fortunately, no histopathologic adverse effect was observed in vital rat tissues. Also, in vivo distribution of the conjugate was similar to the native protein with an enhanced terminal half‐life. Our data revealed that G‐CSF conjugated dendrimer could be considered as a candidate to improve the in vivo biological activity of G‐CSF. Moreover, multivalent capability of the dendrimer may be used for other new potentials of G‐CSF in future perspectives.
Pharmacological hypotheses: Is acetaminophen selective in its cyclooxygenase inhibition?
Authors: Esh Christopher J. , Chrismas Bryna C. R. , Mauger Alexis R. , Taylor Lee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe precise mechanistic action of acetaminophen (ACT; paracetamol) remains debated. ACT’s analgesic and antipyretic actions are attributed to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition preventing prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Two COX isoforms (COX1/2) share 60% sequence structure, yet their functions vary. COX variants have been sequenced among various mammalian species including humans. A COX1 splice variant (often termed COX3) is purported by some as the elusive target of ACT’s mechanism of action. Yet a physiologically functional COX3 isoform has not been sequenced in humans, refuting these claims. ACT may selectively inhibit COX2, with evidence of a 4.4‐fold greater COX2 inhibition than COX1. However, this is markedly lower than other available selective COX2 inhibitors (up to 433‐fold) and tempered by proof of potent COX1 inhibition within intact cells when peroxide tone is low. COX isoform inhibition by ACT may depend on subtle in vivo physiological variations specific to ACT. In vivo ACT efficacy is reliant on intact cells and low peroxide tone while the arachidonic acid concentration state can dictate the COX isoform preferred for PG synthesis. ACT is an effective antipyretic (COX2 preference for PG synthesis) and can reduce afebrile core temperature (likely COX1 preference for PG synthesis). Thus, we suggest with specificity to human in vivo physiology that ACT: (i) does not act on a third COX isoform; (ii) is not selective in its COX inhibition; and (iii) inhibition of COX isoforms are determined by subtle and nuanced physiological variations. Robust research designs are required in humans to objectively confirm these hypotheses.