bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Representations of Individuals with Disabilities in Picture Books
Authors: Tondreau Amy , Rabinowitz Laurie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article provides a critical literacy approach to reading picture books that represent individuals with disabilities. It details close reading with a critical literacy stance as a scaffolded method for teachers to support students’ increased access to conversations about disability. A sample lesson plan and three prompting guides are provided to support teachers in text selection, planning and facilitation of lessons that analyze disability representation. Consistently engaging in close reading with a critical literacy stance will help students internalize the transferrable process that enables them to challenge and critique the stereotypes of disability they encounter in other texts, media, and everyday interactions.
Forest Applications
Authors: Papathanassiou K. P. , Cloude S. R. , Pardini M. , Quiñones M. J. , Hoekman D. , Ferro-Famil L. , Goodenough D. , Chen H. , Tebaldini S. , Neumann M. , Ulander L. M. H. , Soja M. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe application of polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to forest observation for mapping, classification and parameter estimation (especially biomass) has a relatively long history. The radar penetration through forest volume, and hence the multi-layer nature of scattering models, make fully polarimetric data the observation space enabling a robust and full inversion of such models. A critical advance came with the introduction of polarimetric SAR interferometry, where polarimetry provides the parameter diversity, while the interferometric baseline proves a user-defined entropy control as well as spatial separation of scattering components, together with their location in the third dimension (height). Finally, the availability of multiple baselines leads to the full 3-D imaging of forest volumes through TomoSAR, the quality of which is again greatly enhanced by the inclusion of polarimetry. The objective of this Chapter is to review applications of SAR polarimetry, polarimetric interferometry and tomography to forest mapping and classification, height estimation, 3-D structure characterization and biomass estimation. This review includes not only models and algorithms, but it also contains a large number of experimental results in different test sites and forest types, and from airborne and space borne SAR data at different frequencies.
ABCD of ’t Hooft operators
Authors: Hayashi Hirotaka , Okuda Takuya , Yoshida Yutaka 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We compute by supersymmetric localization the expectation values of half-BPS ’t Hooft line operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 U(N ), SO(N ) and USp(N ) gauge theories on S1 × ℝ3 with an Ω-deformation. We evaluate the non-perturbative contributions due to monopole screening by calculating the supersymmetric indices of the corresponding supersymmetric quantum mechanics, which we obtain by realizing the gauge theories and the ’t Hooft operators using branes and orientifolds in type II string theories.
Neural-network-driven proton decay sensitivity in the p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$K+ channel using large liquid argon time projection chambers
Authors: Alt C. , Radics B. , Rubbia A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on an updated sensitivity for proton decay via p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

K+ at large, dual phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs). Our work builds on a previous study in which several nucleon decay modes have been simulated and analyzed [1]. At the time several assumptions were needed to be made on the detector and the backgrounds. Since then, the community has made progress in defining these, and the computing power available enables us to fully simulate and reconstruct large samples in order to perform a better estimate of the sensitivity to proton decay. In this work, we examine the benchmark channel p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

K+, which was previously found to be one of the cleanest channels. Using an improved neutrino event generator and a fully simulated LAr TPC detector response combined with a dedicated neural network for kaon identification, we demonstrate that a lifetime sensitivity of τ /Br (p → $$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

K+) > 7 × 1034 years at 90% confidence level can be reached at an exposure of 1 megaton · year in quasi-background-free conditions, confirming the superiority of the LAr TPC over other technologies to address the challenging proton decay modes.
Eigenvalue spectrum and scaling dimension of lattice $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills
Authors: Bergner Georg , Schaich David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the lattice regularization of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, by stochastically computing the eigenvalue mode number of the fermion operator. This provides important insight into the non-perturbative renormalization group flow of the lattice theory, through the definition of a scale-dependent effective mass anomalous dimension. While this anomalous dimension is expected to vanish in the conformal continuum theory, the finite lattice volume and lattice spacing generically lead to non-zero values, which we use to study the approach to the continuum limit. Our numerical results, comparing multiple lattice volumes, ’t Hooft couplings, and numbers of colors, confirm convergence towards the expected continuum result, while quantifying the increasing significance of lattice artifacts at larger couplings.
SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen und das autonome Nervensystem
Authors: Buchhorn R. , Willaschek C. , Baumann C. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt werden die Untersuchungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) bei einem 11-jährigen Jungen mit multisystemischem Inflammationssyndrom bei Kindern (MIS-C) und einem 16-jährigen Mädchen mit einem posturalen orthostatischen Tachykardiesyndrom (POTS) jeweils nach SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Ergebnis: Das MIS‑C ist durch eine maximale Suppression der HRV im EKG-Monitoring auf der Intensivstation gekennzeichnet. Nach i.v.-Immunglobulin-Gabe zeigte sich die Suppression der HRV als rasch reversibel. Das POTS ist durch einen Anstieg der Herzfrequenz um 40 Schläge/min und den Verlust der HRV im aktiven Stehtest gekennzeichnet und vermutlich eine Ursache für chronische Beschwerden nach einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Bei MIS‑C konnten wir Autoantikörper gegen Rezeptoren des autonomen Nervensystems nachweisen. Zusammenfassung: Unsere Kasuistiken über autonome Regulationsstörungen bei Kindern mit MIS‑C und POTS nach SARS-COV-2-Infektionen sind Erstbeschreibungen, die unser Wissen zur Pathophysiologie dieser neuen Erkrankung bereichern können.
Prognostic models for predicting the risk of foot ulcer or amputation in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and external validation study
Authors: Beulens Joline W. J. , Yauw Josan S. , Elders Petra J. M. , Feenstra Talitha , Herings Ron , Slieker Roderick C. , Moons Karel G. M. , Nijpels Giel , van der Heijden Amber A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Approximately 25% of people with type 2 diabetes experience a foot ulcer and their risk of amputation is 10–20 times higher than that of people without type 2 diabetes. Prognostic models can aid in targeted monitoring but an overview of their performance is lacking. This study aimed to systematically review prognostic models for the risk of foot ulcer or amputation and quantify their predictive performance in an independent cohort.

Methods
A systematic review identified studies developing prognostic models for foot ulcer or amputation over minimal 1 year follow-up applicable to people with type 2 diabetes. After data extraction and risk of bias assessment (both in duplicate), selected models were externally validated in a prospective cohort with a 5 year follow-up in terms of discrimination (C statistics) and calibration (calibration plots).

Results
We identified 21 studies with 34 models predicting polyneuropathy, foot ulcer or amputation. Eleven models were validated in 7624 participants, of whom 485 developed an ulcer and 70 underwent amputation. The models for foot ulcer showed C statistics (95% CI) ranging from 0.54 (0.54, 0.54) to 0.81 (0.75, 0.86) and models for amputation showed C statistics (95% CI) ranging from 0.63 (0.55, 0.71) to 0.86 (0.78, 0.94). Most models underestimated the ulcer or amputation risk in the highest risk quintiles. Three models performed well to predict a combined endpoint of amputation and foot ulcer (C statistics >0.75).

Conclusions/interpretation
Thirty-four prognostic models for the risk of foot ulcer or amputation were identified. Although the performance of the models varied considerably, three models performed well to predict foot ulcer or amputation and may be applicable to clinical practice.

Graphical abstract
Risk phenotypes of diabetes and association with COVID-19 severity and death: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schlesinger Sabrina , Neuenschwander Manuela , Lang Alexander , Pafili Kalliopi , Kuss Oliver , Herder Christian , Roden Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Diabetes has been identified as a risk factor for poor prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to identify high-risk phenotypes of diabetes associated with COVID-19 severity and death.

Methods
This is the first edition of a living systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies investigating phenotypes in individuals with diabetes and COVID-19-related death and severity. Four different databases were searched up to 10 October 2020. We used a random effects meta-analysis to calculate summary relative risks (SRR) with 95% CI. The certainty of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE tool.

Results
A total of 22 articles, including 17,687 individuals, met our inclusion criteria. For COVID-19-related death among individuals with diabetes and COVID-19, there was high to moderate certainty of evidence for associations (SRR [95% CI]) between male sex (1.28 [1.02, 1.61], n = 10 studies), older age (>65 years: 3.49 [1.82, 6.69], n = 6 studies), pre-existing comorbidities (cardiovascular disease: 1.56 [1.09, 2.24], n = 8 studies; chronic kidney disease: 1.93 [1.28, 2.90], n = 6 studies; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 1.40 [1.21, 1.62], n = 5 studies), diabetes treatment (insulin use: 1.75 [1.01, 3.03], n = 5 studies; metformin use: 0.50 [0.28, 0.90], n = 4 studies) and blood glucose at admission (≥11 mmol/l: 8.60 [2.25, 32.83], n = 2 studies). Similar, but generally weaker and less precise associations were observed between risk phenotypes of diabetes and severity of COVID-19.

Conclusions/interpretation
Individuals with a more severe course of diabetes have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19 compared with individuals with a milder course of disease. To further strengthen the evidence, more studies on this topic that account for potential confounders are warranted.

Registration
PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020193692.

Graphical abstract
Tissue distribution of epirubicin after severe extravasation in humans
Authors: Nedomansky Jakob , Haslik Werner , Pluschnig Ursula , Kornauth Christoph , Deutschmann Christine , Hacker Stefan , Steger Günther G. , Bartsch Rupert , Mader Robert M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
As critical parameter after extravasation of cytotoxic vesicants, anthracyclines were determined in removed tissue from patients requiring surgical intervention due to tissue necrosis. We monitored their distribution within the affected lesion to establish a possible dose–toxicity relation.

Methods
From six patients scheduled for surgery, removed tissue flaps were systematically analysed by HPLC (epirubicin: 5 subjects; doxorubicin: 1 subject).

Results
After extravasation, tissue concentrations were highly variable with an individual anthracycline distribution pattern ranging from a few nanograms up to 17 µg per 100 mg tissue, which indicated a substantial difference in tissue sensitivity among patients. The resection borders coincided with the extension of the erythema and guided the surgical intervention after demarcation of the lesion, which occurred usually 2 or 3 weeks after extravasation. At that time, drug was hardly detected at the resection borders. Wound drains were negative for the extravasated drugs while showing a time profile of vascular growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, which was highly similar to routine surgery. In all six patients, surgical debridement with immediate wound closure led to healing within approximately 2 weeks, when therapy was resumed in all patients with reasonable time delay.

Conclusion
Surgical intervention after demarcation of the extravasation lesion allows for almost uninterrupted continuation of treatment independent of the amount of extravasated anthracycline. As even minor amounts of the vesicants may trigger tissue necrosis, preventive measures merit the highest priority.
Prevalence of osteoarthritis in lower middle- and low-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yahaya Ismail , Wright Tanya , Babatunde Opeyemi O. , Corp Nadia , Helliwell Toby , Dikomitis Lisa , Mallen Christian D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEvidence from the Global Burden of Disease studies suggests that osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant cause of disability globally; however, it is less clear how much of this burden exists in low-income and lower middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OA in people living in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception to October 2018 for population-based studies. We included studies reporting the prevalence of OA among people aged 15 years and over in low-income and lower middle-income countries. The prevalence estimates were pooled across studies using random effects meta-analysis. Our study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018112870.The search identified 7414 articles, of which 356 articles were selected for full text assessment. 34 studies were eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of OA was 16·05% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12·55–19·89), with studies demonstrating a substantial degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 99·50%). The pooled prevalence of OA was 16.4% (CI 11·60–21.78%) in South Asia, 15.7% (CI 5·31–30·25%) in East Asia and Pacific, and 14.2% (CI 7·95–21·89%) in Sub Saharan Africa. The meta-regression analysis showed that publication year, study sample size, risk of bias score and country-income categories were significantly associated with the variations in the prevalence estimates. The prevalence of OA is high in low-income and lower middle-income countries, with almost one in six of the study participants reported to have OA. With the changing population demographics and the shift to the emergence of non-communicable diseases, targeted public health strategies are urgently needed to address this growing epidemic in the aging population.
Adherence to a healthy Nordic diet and risk of type 2 diabetes among men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Tertsunen Hanna-Mari , Hantunen Sari , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Virtanen Jyrki K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association between healthy Nordic diet and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland.

Methods
A total of 2332 men aged 42–60 years and free of T2D at baseline in 1984–1989 were included. Diet was assessed with 4-day food records at baseline and the healthy Nordic diet score was calculated based on a modified Baltic Sea Diet Score. T2D diagnosis was based on self-administered questionnaires, fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose measurements, or by record linkage to national health registries. Cox proportional hazards regression and analysis of covariance were used for analyses.

Results
During the mean follow-up of 19.3 years, 432 men (18.5%) were diagnosed with T2D. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for T2D in the lowest vs. the highest quartile of the healthy Nordic diet score was 1.35 (95% CI 1.03–1.76) (P trend across quartiles 0.028). Lower adherence to healthy Nordic diet was also associated with higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.

Conclusions
In this prospective population-based cohort study among middle-aged and older men from eastern Finland, lower adherence to healthy Nordic diet was associated with higher risk of T2D and higher plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations.
A semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method with particle-based shock algorithm for explosive welding simulation
Authors: Baek Jonghyuk , Chen Jiun-Shyan , Zhou Guohua , Arnett Kevin P. , Hillman Michael C. , Hegemier Gilbert , Hardesty Scott 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe explosive welding process is an extreme-deformation problem that involves shock waves, large plastic deformation, and fragmentation around the collision point, which are extremely challenging features to model for the traditional mesh-based methods. In this work, a particle-based Godunov shock algorithm under a semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method (SL-RKPM) is introduced into the volumetric strain energy to accurately embed the key shock physics in the absence of a mesh or grid, which is shown to also ensure the conservation of linear momentum. For kernel stability, a deformation-dependent anisotropic kernel support update algorithm is proposed, which is shown to capture excessive plastic flow and material separation. A quasi-conforming nodal integration is adopted to avoid the need of updating conforming cells which is tedious in extreme deformations. It is shown that the proposed formulation effectively captures shocks, jet formation, and smooth-to-wavy interface morphology transition with good agreement with experimental results.
Supervised learning in the presence of concept drift: a modelling framework
Authors: Straat M. , Abadi F. , Kan Z. , Göpfert C. , Hammer B. , Biehl M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present a modelling framework for the investigation of supervised learning in non-stationary environments. Specifically, we model two example types of learning systems: prototype-based learning vector quantization (LVQ) for classification and shallow, layered neural networks for regression tasks. We investigate so-called student–teacher scenarios in which the systems are trained from a stream of high-dimensional, labeled data. Properties of the target task are considered to be non-stationary due to drift processes while the training is performed. Different types of concept drift are studied, which affect the density of example inputs only, the target rule itself, or both. By applying methods from statistical physics, we develop a modelling framework for the mathematical analysis of the training dynamics in non-stationary environments. Our results show that standard LVQ algorithms are already suitable for the training in non-stationary environments to a certain extent. However, the application of weight decay as an explicit mechanism of forgetting does not improve the performance under the considered drift processes. Furthermore, we investigate gradient-based training of layered neural networks with sigmoidal activation functions and compare with the use of rectified linear units. Our findings show that the sensitivity to concept drift and the effectiveness of weight decay differs significantly between the two types of activation function.
Two-term expansion of the ground state one-body density matrix of a mean-field Bose gas
Authors: Nam Phan Thành , Napiórkowski Marcin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the homogeneous Bose gas on a unit torus in the mean-field regime when the interaction strength is proportional to the inverse of the particle number. In the limit when the number of particles becomes large, we derive a two-term expansion of the one-body density matrix of the ground state. The proof is based on a cubic correction to Bogoliubov’s approximation of the ground state energy and the ground state.
Telepsychotherapie als Chance und Herausforderung: Eine longitudinale Mixed-Methods Studie
Authors: Höfner Claudia , Hochgerner Markus , Mantl Gerd , Stefan Robert , Stammer Julia 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn der COVID-19 Krise und der sukzessiven Lockdowns sind Psychotherapeut*innen plötzlich gefordert, auf Telepsychotherapie (TEP) umzustellen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, wie dieser Umstieg bewältigt wird und wie erfahren sich Psychotherapeut*innen im Umgang mit TEP fühlen, welche Veränderungen in der therapeutischen Beziehung wahrgenommen werden und welche Behandlungstechniken in der TEP als besonders geeignet erscheinen. Die Untersuchungen wurden longitudinal mit zwei Erhebungszeitpunkten mit einem Mixed-Methods Forschungsdesign durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass der Umstieg auf TEP gut bewältigt wird und die Erfahrung mit speziellen Apps und Videotelefonie signifikant zunimmt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung legen für die vorliegende Stichprobe eine gewisse Adaptierungsfähigkeit der Psychotherapeut*innen nahe und zeigen, dass durch TEP keine allgemeine Tendenz zur Verschlechterung der Qualität der therapeutischen Beziehung wahrgenommen wird und dass mit der Zeit eine Adaptierung der therapeutischen Techniken aus der Face-to-Face Situation für die TEP vollzogen wird.
The ObReco-360°: a new ecological tool to memory assessment using 360° immersive technology
Authors: Pieri Luca , Serino Silvia , Cipresso Pietro , Mancuso Valentina , Riva Giuseppe , Pedroli Elisa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne important feature of a neuropsychological test is its ecological validity, which defines how much patients’ test scores are linked to real-life functioning. However, many of the currently available neuropsychological tools show low to moderate levels of ecological validity. Virtual reality (VR) emerged as a possible solution that might enhance the ecological value of standard paper-and-pencil tests, thanks to the possibility of simulating realistic environments and situations where patients can behave as they do in real life. Moreover, a recent kind of virtual environments, the 360° spherical photos and videos, seems to guarantee high levels of graphical realism and lower technical complexity than standard VR, despite their limitations concerning interactive design. In this pilot study, we tested the possible application of 360° technology for the assessment of memory, developing an adaptation of a standardized test. We focused on Free Recall and Recognition accuracies as indexes of memory function, confronting and correlating the performances obtained by the participants in the standard and in the 360° test. The results, even if preliminary, support the use of 360° technology for enhancing the ecological value of standard memory assessment tests.