bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating a New Chaotic System Using Two Chaotic Rossler-Chua Coupling Systems
Authors: Abdulaali Ryam Salam , Jamal Raied K. , Mousa Salam K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is proposed in this paper that a new chaotic system may be formed by combining two distinct chaotic systems, such as the Rossler system and the Chua system, in which the x dynamic of the Rossler system is linked with the z dynamic of the Chua system, results in a new chaotic system. Some of the basic dynamic behavior is explored and examined for new system by using the Matlab program. They noticed that it was a difference in the time series of the Chua system and this in turn led to a difference in the attractor, as the attractor of the Chua system changed from double scroll to single scroll and this led to change of the bandwidth of the Chua system, meaning that the Rӧssler system affected the Chua system, which led to an increase in the possibility of using this system in secret communications.
Cross Species/Genera Transferability of SSR Markers, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis in Gladiolus (Gladiolus × grandiflorus L.) Genotypes
Authors: Hiremath Varun , Singh Kanwar Pal , Jain Neelu , Swaroop Kishan , Jain Pradeep Kumar , Panwar Sapna , Sinha Nivedita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Genetic diversity and structure analysis using molecular markers is necessary for efficient utilization and sustainable management of gladiolus germplasm. Genetic analysis of gladiolus germplasm using SSR markers is largely missing due to scarce genomic information. In the present investigation, we report 66.66% cross transferability of Gladiolus palustris SSRs whereas 48% of Iris EST-SSRs were cross transferable across the gladiolus genotypes used in the study. A total of 17 highly polymorphic SSRs revealed a total 58 polymorphic loci ranging from two to six in each locus with an average of 3.41 alleles per marker. PIC values ranged from 0.11 to 0.71 with an average value of 0.48. Four SSRs were selectively neutral based on Ewens-Watterson test. Analysis of genetic structure of 84 gladiolus genotypes divided whole germplasm into two subpopulations. 35 genotypes were assigned to subpopulation 1 whereas 37 to subpopulation 2 and rest of the genotypes recorded as admixture. Analysis of molecular variance indicated maximum variance (53.59%) among individuals within subpopulations whereas 36.55% of variation observed among individuals within total population. Least variation (9.86%) was noticed between two subpopulations. Moderate (FST = 0.10) genetic differentiation of two subpopulations was observed. Grouping pattern of population structure was consistent with UPGMA dendrogram based on simple matching dissimilarity coefficient (ranged from 01.6 to 0.89) and PCoA. Genetic relationships assessed among the genotypes of respective clusters assist the breeders in selecting desirable parents for crossing. SSR markers from present study can be utilized for cultivar identification, conservation and sustainable utilization of gladiolus genotypes for crop improvement.
Screening and Identification of Potential iNOS Inhibitors to Curtail Cervical Cancer Progression: An in-Silico Drug Repurposing Approach
Authors: POLEBOYINA PAVAN KUMAR , PAWAR SMITA C , PASHA AKBAR , DONETI RAVINDER , POLEBOYINA SNEHA MALLESWARI , BANOTHU SHIVAJI , pasumarthi Deepthi , SD Annapurna , Divya Kumbhakar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide and remains the main reason of mortality amongst women of reproductive age in developing countries. Nitric oxide is involved in several physiological functions inclusive of inflammatory and immune responses. However, the function of NO in tumor biology is debatable. The inducibleNOS (iNOS/NOS2) isoform is the oneresponsible to maintain the levels of NO and it exhibits pleotropic effects in various cancer with concentration-dependent pro- and anti-tumor effects.NOS2 triggers angiogenesis and endothelial cell migration in tumors by regulating the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In drug discovery, drug repurposing involves investigations of approved drug candidates to treat various other diseases. In this study, we used FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs and small molecules to target iNOS and identify a potential selective iNOS inhibitor. The structures of ligands were geometrically optimized, and energy minimized using Hyperchem software. Molecular docking was performed using Molegro virtual docker and ligands were selected based on MolDock score,Rerank score, and H-bonding energy. In the study showed 4 compounds, Degarelix, Goserelin, Triptorelin pamoate, and venetoclax demonstrated excellent binding affinity to NOS2 protein. These compounds exhibited the lowest MolDock score, Rerank score, with better H-bonding energy to NOS2. Based on the results theses ligands project to be promising potential NOS2 inhibitors to curtail cervical cancer progression
Calcium Binding Protein S100A16 Expedites Proliferation, Invasion and EMT Process in Gastric Cancer
Authors: You Xiaoying , Li Min , Cai Hongwei , Zhang Wenwen , Hong Ye , Gao Wenjie , Liu Yun , Liang Xiubin , WU TIJUN , Chen Fang , Su Dongming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, which has been the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The distant metastasis is one of the main reasons for the high recurrence and mortality rate of GC patients. Hence, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying gastric carcinogenesis and progression, especially the key genes and signaling pathways that promote GC cells proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Methods: Using bioinformatics and clinicopathological analysis, in vivo tumor formation assays, mass spectrometry and so on, we characterized the role and molecular mechanism of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A16 (S100A16) in promoting GC tumor growth, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and investigated how Zonula Occludens-2 (ZO-2) inhibition mediates S100A16-induced metastasis and progression in GC.Results: We analyzed S100A16 expression with the GEPIA database and the UALCAN cancer database, and the prognostic analysis was performed using 100 clinical GC samples. We found that S100A16 is significantly upregulated in GC tissues and closely correlated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Functional studies reveal that S100A16 overexpression triggers GC cells proliferation and migration both in vivo and in vitro; by contrast, S100A16 knockdown restricts the speed of GC cells growth and mobility. Proteomic analysis results reveal a large S100A16 interactome, which includes ZO-2, a master regulator of cell-to-cell tight junctions. Mechanistic assay results indicate that excessive S100A16 instigates GC cell invasion, migration and EMT via ZO-2 inhibition, which arose from S100A16-mediated ZO-2 ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusions: Our results not only reveal that S100A16 is a promising candidate biomarker in GC early diagnosis and prediction of metastasis, but also establish the therapeutic importance of targeting S100A16 in order to prevent ZO-2 loss and suppress GC metastasis and progression.
Co-inoculation With Tropical Strains of Azospirillum and Bacillus Is More Efficient Than Single Inoculation for Improving Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Maize.
Authors: Ribeiro Vitoria Palhares , Gomes Eliane Aparecida , de Sousa Sylvia Morais , Lana Ubiraci Gomes de Paula , Coelho Antonio Marcos , Marriel Ivanildo Evódio , Paiva Christiane Abreu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Usage of Bacillus and Azospirillum as new eco-friendly microbial consortium inoculants is a strategy to increase plant growth and crop yield by improving nutrient availability in agricultural systems. In this study, we designed a multispecies inoculum containing B. thuringiensis (strain B116), B. subtillis (strain B2084) and Azospirillum brasilense (strains A1626 and A2142) to investigate their individual or co-inoculated ability to solubilize and mineralize phosphate, produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and their effect on maize growth promotion in hydroponics and in a non-sterile soil. All strains showed significant IAA production, P mineralization (sodium phytate) and Ca-P, Fe-P (tricalcium phosphate and iron phosphate, respectively) solubilization. In hydroponics, co-inoculation with A1626 x A2142, B2084 x A2142, B2084 x A1626 resulted in higher root total length, total surface area, and surface area of roots with diameter between 0 and 1 mm than other treatments with single inoculant, except B2084. In a greenhouse experiment, maize inoculated with the two Azospirillum strains exhibited enhanced shoot dry weight, shoot P and K content, root dry weight, root N and K content and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities than the other treatments. There was a significant correlation between soil P and P shoot, alkaline phosphatase and P shoot and between acid phosphatase and root dry weight. It may be concluded that co-inoculations are most effective than single inoculants strains, mainly between two selected Azospirillum strains. Thus, they could have synergistic interactions during maize growth, and be useful in the formulation of inoculants to improve the cropping systems sustainable.
The Geometry of Colors in Van Gogh’s Sunflowers
Authors: Liao Shuting , Koehl Patrice , Schultens Jennifer , Hsieh Fushing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
“Paintings fade like flowers”: van Gogh’s prediction on the impact of age on paintings came true for most of his paintings. We have studied the consequences of this aging on the Sunflowers in a vase with a yellow background series, namely its original, F454, and two replicates, F457 and F458, at the van Gogh’s museum in Amsterdam, which van Gogh painted using the original as a model. The background and flower renditions in those paintings have faded and turned brown, making them less vibrant that van Gogh had most likely intended. We have attempted to restore van Gogh’s intent using a computational approach based on data science. After identifications of regions of interest (ROI) within the three paintings F454, F457, and F458 that capture the flowers, stems of the flowers, and background, respectively, we studied the geometry of the color space (in RGB representation) occupied by those ROIs. By comparing those color spaces with those occupied by similar ROIs in photographs of real sunflowers, we identified shifts in all three color coordinates, R, G, and B, with the positive shift in the blue coordinate being the more salient. We have proposed two algorithms, PCR-1 and PCR-2, for correcting that shift in blue and generate representations of the paintings that aim to restore their original conditions. The reduction of the blue component in the yellow hues has lead to more vibrant and less brownish digital rendition of the three Sunflowers in a vase with a yellow background.
Thymosin β4 is an Endogenous Iron Chelator and Molecular Switcher of Ferroptosis
Authors: Lachowicz Joanna I. , Pichiri Giusi , Piludu Marco , Fais Sara , Orrù Germano , Congiu Terenzio , Piras Monica , Faa Gavino , Fanni Daniela , Torre Gabriele dalla , Lopez Xabier , Chandra Kousik , Szczepski Kacper , Jaremko Lukasz , Ghosh Mitra , Emwas Abdul-Hamid , Massimo Castagnola , Jaremko Mariusz , Hannappel Ewald , Coni Pierpaolo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) was extracted forty years ago 1 from calf thymus. Since then, it has been identified as a G-actin binding protein involved in blood clothing, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory processes. Tβ4 has also been implicated in tumor metastasis and neurodegeneration. However, the precise roles and mechanism(s) of action of Tβ4 in these processes remain largely unknown, with the binding of the G-actin protein being insufficient to explain these multi-actions. Here we identify for the first time the important part of Tβ4 mechanism in ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, which leads to neurodegeneration and somehow protects cancer cells against cell death. Specifically, we demonstrate four iron2+and iron3+ binding regions along the peptide and show that the presence of Tβ4 in cell growing medium inhibits erastin and glutamate-induced ferroptosis in macrophage cell line. Moreover, Tβ4 increases the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, namely BAX, hem oxygenase-1, Heat shock protein 70 and Thioredoxin reductase 1, which are downregulated during ferroptosis. We state the hypothesis that Tβ4 is an endogenous iron chelator and take part of iron homeostasis in ferroptosis process. We discuss the literature data of parallel involvement of Tβ4 and ferroptosis in different human pathologies, mainly cancer and neurodegeneration. Our findings confronted with literature data shows that controlled Tβ4 release could command on/off switching of ferroptosis, and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in pathologies of cancer and tissue degeneration.
Influence of Air Supply on Coal Spontaneous Combustion During Support Withdrawal in Fully Mechanized Coal Mining and its Prevention
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Zhou Xihua , Bai Gang , Wang Cheng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It is important to study the oxidation characteristics of coal samples under different air supply rates to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal, particularly when the air supply rate at the working face needs to be changed during support withdrawal. In this work a self-designed temperature-programmed experimental device was used to study the change laws of various index gases released during the spontaneous combustion of coal under various air supply conditions. The study focused on the analysis of the low-temperature (30–200 ℃) oxidation stage, the increase in air supply, and the concentration change process of four hydrocarbon gases (C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, and C2H2) generated by the coal sample. The change law of the CO generation rate under the combined effect of temperature and air supply was analyzed, and surface fitting was performed to determine the characteristics of phased changes. Based on the working face parameters of the Yangchangwan Coal Mine, this study predicted the CO concentration at the upper corner of the working face at the characteristic temperature of coal spontaneous combustion during the withdrawal period. The paper summarizes comprehensive safety measures that can help prevent spontaneous combustion during the withdrawal period.
Detecting SARS-CoV-2 lineages and mutational load in municipal wastewater; a use-case in the metropolitan area of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Pechlivanis Nikolaos , Tsagiopoulou Maria , Maniou Maria , Togkousidis Anastasis , Mouchtaropoulou Evangelia , Chassalevris Taxiarchis , Chaintoutis Serafeim , Petala Maria , Kostoglou Margaritis , Karapantsios Thodoris , Laidou Stamatia , Vlachonikola Elisavet , Chatzidimitriou Anastasia , Papadopoulos Agis , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Dovas Chrysostomos , Argiriou Anagnostis , Psomopoulos Fotis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents an unprecedented global crisis necessitating novel approaches for, amongst others, early detection of emerging variants relating to the evolution and spread of the virus. Recently, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater has emerged as a useful tool to monitor the prevalence of the virus in the community. Here, we propose a novel methodology, called lineagespot, for the monitoring of variants and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in wastewater samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our proposed method was tested and evaluated using NGS data produced by the sequencing of fourteen wastewater samples from the municipality of Thessaloniki, Greece, covering a six month period. The results showed a clear identification of trends in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 mutations in wastewater data. Lineagespot was able to record the evolution and rapid domination of the B.1.1.7 lineage in the community, and allowed for a robust inference between the variants evident through our approach and the variants observed in patients from the same area time periods. Lineagespot is an open-source tool, implemented in R, and is freely available on GitHub.
Comparative Study of Endogenous Ileal Amino Acid Flow and Digestive Physiology to Nitrogen-Free Diets with Differing Ratios of Dextrose to Corn Starch in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Zhou Huajin , Wu Wei , Mahmood Tahir , Chen Yanhong , Xu Yanwei , Wang Youli , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Determination of ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAAs) is necessary for the calculation of standardized ileal amino acid digestibility. This experiment was conducted to compare the response of amino acids composition of IEAAs of broilers, and digestive physiology fed the nitrogen-free diet (NFD) formulated with different ratios of dextrose to corn starch (D/CS). 28d-old broiler chickens (n = 210) with similar body weight were allocated to 5 treatment groups, including a control group (CT, basal diet, normal level of protein) and four NFD groups for a 3-days trial, designated as A (D/CS = 1.00), B (D/CS = 0.60), C (D/CS = 0.33), and D (D/CS = 0.14). The results showed that NFD significantly reduced serum IGF-1, albumin and uric acid levels when compared with the control (P < 0.05). A higher ratio of D/CS (1.00 and 0.60) increased Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, His, Tyr, Arg, and Pro contents of IEAAs when compared with the ratio of 0.33 and 0.14 (P < 0.05). Moreover, ileal DM digestibility and digestive enzyme increased with an increasing ratio of dextrose to corn starch (P < 0.001). The number of ileal goblet cells and the gene expression of Mucin 2 were higher in group A (D/CS=1.00) than in group C (D/CS = 0.33) and the control (P < 0.05). It was further observed that NFD indeed reshaped the gut microbiota, characterized by lower Bacteroidetes, a significantly increased proportion of Proteobacteria, and decreased microbial diversity (P < 0.05).Our results indicate that the chicken fed NFD were accompanied by huge digestive physiological alterations, presenting with malnutrition and accumulation of Proteobacteria in the gut. Different proportions of dextrose and starch directly affect the basal IEAAs of broiler chickens. A higher proportion of dextrose (D/CS = 1 and 0.6) in NFD increase IEAAs by promoting secretion of digestive enzyme and mucin. But the excessive proportion of starch is unsuitable for the chicken to digest NFD (D/CS = 0.14). Therefore, we suggest the ratio of dextrose to corn starch in NFD at 0.33 might be more appropriate to detect IEAAs of broiler chickens.
Spatial Variations and Determinants of Acute Malnutrition among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Evidence from 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Seboka Binyam Tariku , Alene Tilahun Dessie , Ngusie Habtamu Setegn , Hailegebreal Samuel , Yehualashet Delelegn Emwodew , Gilano Girma , Ahmed Mohammedjud Hassen , Kabthymer Robel Hussen , Kanno Girum Gebremeskel , Tesfa Getanew Aschalew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Childhood acute malnutrition, in the form of wasting defined by a severe weight loss as a result of acute food shortage and/or illness. It is a critical public health problem that needs urgent attention in developing countries, like Ethiopia. Despite its variation between localities, the risk factors and its geospatial variation were not addressed enough across the various corner of the country. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to assess spatial variation and factors associated with acute malnutrition among under-five children in Ethiopia.Methods: A total weighted sample of 4,955 under-five children were included from the 2019 Demographic and Health Survey. Getis-Ord spatial statistical tool used to identify the hot and cold spot areas of severe and acute malnutrition. A multilevel multivariable logistic regression model using was used to examine predictors of acute malnutrition. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was used to declare significant determinants of acute malnutrition among children.Result: Among 4,955 under-five children, 7% of them were wasted and 1% of them were severely wasted in Ethiopia during the 2019 national demographic survey. The distribution was followed some spatial geo-locations where most parts of Somali were severely affected (RR=1.46, P37 value < 0.001), and the distribution affected few areas of Afar, Gambella, and Benishangul Gumz regions. Factors that significantly associated with childhood wasting were: gender(male)1.9(1.3-2.7), age (above 36 months) 0.5 (0.2-0.9), wealth index(richest) 0.5(0.2-0.8), and water source(unimproved source) 1.5(1.0-2.3).Conclusion and Recommendation: Our finding implies, the distribution of childhood wasting was not random. Regions like Afar, Somali, and pocket areas in Gambella and SNNP should be considered as priority areas nutritional interventions for reducing acute malnutrition. The established socio-demographic and economic characteristics can be also used to develop strategies.
Deep Learning Model Enables the Discovery of a Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent Regulating the Kynurenine Pathway
Authors: Kim Jeong Hun , Lee Won Suk , Lee Hye Jin , Yang Hannah , Lee Seung Joon , Kong So Jung , Je Soyeon , Yang Hyun-Jin , Jung Jongsun , Cheon Jae Kyung , Kang Beodeul , Chon Hong Jae , Kim Chan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Kynurenine (Kyn) is a key inducer of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Although indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-selective inhibitors have been developed to suppress the Kyn pathway, the results were not satisfactory due to the presence of various opposing mechanisms. Here, we employed an orally administered novel Kyn pathway regulator to overcome the limitation of anti-tumor immune response.Methods: We identified a lead compound through the development of a deep learning model to predict compound-target interaction. Inhibitory activity of the lead compound against both IDO and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) was evaluated using enzyme- and cell-based assays. CT26 colon cancer-bearing mice were treated with the lead compound and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor samples were analyzed using histological, flow cytometry, and immune profiling assays.Results: We identified a novel core structure that inhibited both IDO and TDO. An orally available lead compound, STB-C017 (designated hereafter as STB), was then selected via validation of structural modification and in vitro assays. STB effectively inhibited the enzymatic and cellular activity of IDO and TDO in vitro. Moreover, it potently suppressed Kyn levels in both the plasma and tumor in vivo. The dose and schedule of STB administration were optimized based on the immunotherapeutic efficacy and toxicity. STB monotherapy increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into TME. In addition, it elicited an anti-cancer immune response with a strong activation of T cell immunity. STB reprogrammed the TME with widespread changes in immune-mediated gene signatures. Notably, STB-based combination immunotherapy elicited the most potent anti-tumor efficacy through concurrent treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ɑPD-1 and/or ɑCTLA-4), leading to complete tumor regression and long-term overall survival.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that a novel Kyn pathway regulator derived using deep learning technology can activate T cell immunity and potentiate immune checkpoint blockade by overcoming an immunosuppressive TME.