bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical response of shape-recovering metamaterial structures fabricated by additive manufacturing
Authors: Hassan Md Sahid , Chavez Luis A , Chou Chien-Chun , Hall Samuel E , Tseng Tzu-Liang , Lin Yirong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Three different metamaterial structures were fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing and a shape recovering material. Mechanical properties and recovery efficiency were assessed after compression testing. All three structures exhibited similar initial specific compressive moduli, while the highest specific toughness was observed for the stretch-dominated structure. The three metamaterial structures were re-tested after shape recovery. Significant strengthening was observed for all structures, with the bend-stretch-dominated structure strengthening to the highest degree. This strengthening phenomenon was characterized as strain hardening. It was found that the strengthening is highly geometry dependent. The geometry with stretch-dominated behavior exhibited the highest mechanical properties after a second test was performed. Improvements in specific toughness of up to 67% were observed after the second compressive test.
Diabetes duration and the risk of dementia: a cohort study based on German health claims data
Authors: Reinke Constantin , Buchmann Nikolaus , Fink Anne , Tegeler Christina , Demuth Ilja , Doblhammer Gabriele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes is a risk factor for dementia but little is known about the impact of diabetes duration on the risk of dementia. We investigated the effect of type 2 diabetes duration on the risk of dementia.DesignProspective cohort study using health claims data representative for the older German population. The data contain information about diagnoses and medical prescriptions from the in- and outpatient sector.MethodsWe performed piecewise exponential models with a linear and a quadratic term for time since first type 2 diabetes diagnosis to predict the dementia risk in a sample of 13,761 subjects (2,558 dementia cases) older than 65 years. We controlled for severity of diabetes using the Adopted Diabetes Complications Severity Index.ResultsWe found a U-shaped dementia risk over time. After type 2 diabetes diagnosis the dementia risk decreased (26% after 1 year) and reached a minimum at 4.75 years, followed by an increase through the end of follow-up. The pattern was consistent over different treatment groups, with the strongest U-shape for insulin treatment and for those with diabetes complications at the time of diabetes diagnosis.ConclusionsWe identified a non-linear association of type 2 diabetes duration and the risk of dementia. Physicians should closely monitor cognitive function in diabetic patients beyond the first few years after diagnosis, because the later increase in dementia occurred in all treatment groups.
Development and validation of a model for predicting mortality in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Hjelholt Thomas J , Johnsen Søren P , Brynningsen Peter K , Knudsen Jakob S , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Pedersen Alma B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
to develop a user-friendly prediction tool of 1-year mortality for patients with hip fracture, in order to guide clinicians and patients on appropriate targeted preventive measures.

Design
population-based cohort study from 2011 to 2017 using nationwide data from the Danish Hip Fracture Registry.

Subjects
a total of 28,791 patients age 65 and above undergoing surgery for a first-time hip fracture.

Methods
patient-related prognostic factors at the time of admission were assessed as potential predictors: Nursing home residency, comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] Score), frailty (Hospital Frailty Risk Score), basic mobility (Cumulated Ambulation Score), atrial fibrillation, fracture type, body mass index (BMI), age and sex. Association with 1-year mortality examined by determining the cumulative incidence, applying univariable logistic regression and assessing discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC]). The final model (logistic regression) was utilised on a development cohort (70% of patients). Discrimination and calibration were assessed on the validation cohort (remaining 30% of patients).

Results
all predictors showed an association with 1-year mortality, but discrimination was moderate. The final model included nursing home residency, CCI Score, Cumulated Ambulation Score, BMI and age. It had an acceptable discrimination (AUROC 0.74) and calibration, and predicted 1-year mortality risk spanning from 5 to 91% depending on the combination of predictors in the individual patient.

Conclusions
using information obtainable at the time of admission, 1-year mortality among patients with hip fracture can be predicted. We present a user-friendly chart for daily clinical practice and provide new insight regarding the interplay between prognostic factors.
The association between the inflammatory response following surgery and post-operative delirium in older oncological patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Brattinga Baukje , Plas Matthijs , Spikman Jacoba M , Rutgers Abraham , de Haan Jacco J , Absalom Anthony R , van der Wal-Huisman Hanneke , de Bock Geertruida H , van Leeuwen Barbara L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionPost-operative delirium (POD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in older patients. Neuroinflammation, the activation of the intrinsic immune system of the brain, seems to be one of the mechanisms behind the development of POD. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the perioperative inflammatory response and the development of POD in a cohort of older oncological patients in need for surgery.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, patients 65 years and older in need for oncologic surgery were included. Inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL10 and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured in plasma samples pre- and post-operatively. Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS) was used as screening instrument for POD in the first week after surgery. In case of positive screening, diagnosis of POD was assessed by a clinician.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2016, plasma samples of 311 patients with median age of 72 years (range 65–89) were collected. A total of 38 (12%) patients developed POD in the first week after surgery. The perioperative increase in plasma levels of IL-10 and NGAL were associated with POD in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR 1.33 [1.09–1.63] P = 0.005 and OR 1.30 [1.03–1.64], P = 0.026, respectively). The biomarkers CRP, IL-1β and IL-6 were not significantly associated with POD.ConclusionsIncreased surgery-evoked inflammatory responses of IL-10 and NGAL are associated with the development of POD in older oncological patients. The outcomes of this study contribute to understanding the aetiology of neuroinflammation and the development of POD.
ORT: a workflow linking genome-scale metabolic models with reactive transport codes
Authors: Rubinstein Rebecca L , Borton Mikayla A , Zhou Haiyan , Shaffer Michael , Hoyt David W , Stegen James , Henry Christopher S , Wrighton Kelly C , Versteeg Roelof 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Nutrient and contaminant behavior in the subsurface are governed by multiple coupled hydrobiogeochemical processes which occur across different temporal and spatial scales. Accurate description of macroscopic system behavior requires accounting for the effects of microscopic and especially microbial processes. Microbial processes mediate precipitation and dissolution and change aqueous geochemistry, all of which impacts macroscopic system behavior. As ‘omics data describing microbial processes is increasingly affordable and available, novel methods for using this data quickly and effectively for improved ecosystem models are needed.

Results
We propose a workflow (‘Omics to Reactive Transport—ORT) for utilizing metagenomic and environmental data to describe the effect of microbiological processes in macroscopic reactive transport models. This workflow utilizes and couples two open-source software packages: KBase (a software platform for systems biology) and PFLOTRAN (a reactive transport modeling code). We describe the architecture of ORT and demonstrate an implementation using metagenomic and geochemical data from a river system. Our demonstration uses microbiological drivers of nitrification and denitrification to predict nitrogen cycling patterns which agree with those provided with generalized stoichiometries. While our example uses data from a single measurement, our workflow can be applied to spatiotemporal metagenomic datasets to allow for iterative coupling between KBase and PFLOTRAN.

Availability and implementation
Interactive models available at https://pflotranmodeling.paf.subsurfaceinsights.com/pflotran-simple-model/. Microbiological data available at NCBI via BioProject ID PRJNA576070. ORT Python code available at https://github.com/subsurfaceinsights/ort-kbase-to-pflotran. KBase narrative available at https://narrative.kbase.us/narrative/71260 or static narrative (no login required) at https://kbase.us/n/71260/258.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Novel Image Thresholding Method Combining Entropy With Parzen Window Estimation
Authors: Xiong Fusong , Zhang Jian , Ling Yun , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Image thresholding is an important and efficient image segmentation technique, which is crucial and essential for image analysis and computer vision. In this paper, we proposed a new image thresholding method based on entropy and parzen window (PW) estimation. First, the probability of each gray-level distribution is approximate by using the PW estimation. Second, by combining the obtained probability information with entropic information of the foreground and background, a new objective function is created. At last, the ideal threshold value is obtained by optimizing the objective function. By comparing with some classical thresholding methods, such as inter class variance method (OTSU), minimum error thresholding method (MET), Kapur’s entropy based method (KAPUR) and the recent methods that take spatial information into consideration (2D-D histogram method, GLLV histogram method and Gabor histogram method), the proposed method, experiment on 10 images (one synthetic image, four nondestructive testing images and five real-world images), presents a better performance on the accuracy, robustness and visual effect of segmentation.
Modelling the impact of social distancing and targeted vaccination on the spread of COVID-19 through a real city-scale contact network
Authors: Hartnett Gavin S , Parker Edward , Gulden Timothy R , Vardavas Raffaele , Kravitz David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We use mobile device data to construct empirical interpersonal physical contact networks in the city of Portland, Oregon, both before and after social distancing measures were enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. These networks reveal how social distancing measures and the public’s reaction to the incipient pandemic affected the connectivity patterns within the city. We find that as the pandemic developed there was a substantial decrease in the number of individuals with many contacts. We further study the impact of these different network topologies on the spread of COVID-19 by simulating an SEIR epidemic model over these networks and find that the reduced connectivity greatly suppressed the epidemic. We then investigate how the epidemic responds when part of the population is vaccinated, and we compare two vaccination distribution strategies, both with and without social distancing. Our main result is that the heavy-tailed degree distribution of the contact networks causes a targeted vaccination strategy that prioritizes high-contact individuals to reduce the number of cases far more effectively than a strategy that vaccinates individuals at random. Combining both targeted vaccination and social distancing leads to the greatest reduction in cases, and we also find that the marginal benefit of a targeted strategy as compared to a random strategy exceeds the marginal benefit of social distancing for reducing the number of cases. These results have important implications for ongoing vaccine distribution efforts worldwide.
Personalised Medicine with IL-23 Blockers: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Gottlieb Zoë S , Sands Bruce E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The medical management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] has become increasingly targeted, through the identification of specific immune mediators involved in its pathogenesis. IL-23 is an inflammatory cytokine involved in both innate and adaptive immunity, which has been identified as a therapeutic target in Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] through its upstream inhibition of the T helper 17 [Th17] pathway. We sought to review available data on the efficacy of IL-23 inhibitors in the treatment of IBD and the potential for clinical and molecular predictors of response to facilitate a personalised medicine approach with these agents.

Methods
We reviewed and summarised available clinical trial data on the use of the IL-23 inhibitors risankizumab, brazikumab, mirikizumab, and guselkumab in the treatment of IBD, as well as the evidence from studies of these agents in IBD and other immune-mediated conditions which might inform prediction of response to IL-23 inhibition.

Results
Early clinical trials have demonstrated promising results following both induction and maintenance therapy with IL-23 inhibitors in CD and UC. Pre- and post-treatment levels of IL-22 and post-treatment levels of IL-17 have been identified as potential molecular predictors of response to therapy, in several studies. No significant clinical predictors of response have been identified thus far.

Conclusions
IL-23 antagonism is a promising therapeutic approach in IBD. Further exploration of molecular and clinical predictors of response may identify patients most likely to benefit from these medications.
Monitoring of physical activity promotion in children and adolescents in the EU: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Marzi Isabel , Tcymbal Antonina , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim , Reimers Anne K , Whiting Stephen , Wickramasinghe Kremlin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Policy action is required to address physical inactivity in boys and girls. This action can be supported by international data collection, comparisons and sharing of good practices. Thus, this study aims to present and discuss the ongoing monitoring of physical activity (PA) indicators in children and adolescents in the 28 EU Member States.

Methods
Data on PA recommendations, PA prevalence, physical education (PE) and PA promotion programs for children and adolescents were provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) across Sectors.

Results
In 23 countries, national recommendations on PA are available. Detailed PA prevalence data among children and adolescents was available in 27 countries, in most cases separately for sex/gender and age groups. The total amount of PE lessons in schools differed greatly between countries and lessons were predominantly mandatory. After-school HEPA promotion programs were mostly implemented in EU Member States (78.6%), followed by active school breaks (57.1%), active travel to school (57.1%) and active breaks during school lessons (53.6%).

Conclusions
This study summarizes the monitoring of PA indicators among children and adolescents in all EU Member States by providing a comprehensive overview of the status of PA promotion and monitoring across the region. Based on our findings, it could be concluded that the current EU monitoring system on PA promotion should be adapted to provide evidence that can inform future policy development.
Genome-Wide Allele-Specific Expression in Obligately AsexualDaphnia pulexand the Implications for the Genetic Basis of Asexuality
Authors: Ye Zhiqiang , Jiang Xiaoqian , Pfrender Michael E , Lynch Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough obligately asexual lineages are thought to experience selective disadvantages associated with reduced efficiency of fixing beneficial mutations and purging deleterious mutations, such lineages are phylogenetically and geographically widespread. However, despite several genome-wide association studies, little is known about the genetic elements underlying the origin of obligate asexuality and how they spread. Because many obligately asexual lineages have hybrid origins, it has been suggested that asexuality is caused by the unbalanced expression of alleles from the hybridizing species. Here, we investigate this idea by identifying genes with allele-specific expression (ASE) in a Daphnia pulex population, in which obligate parthenogens (OP) and cyclical parthenogens (CP) coexist, with the OP clones having been originally derived from hybridization between CP D. pulex and its sister species, Daphnia pulicaria. OP D. pulex have significantly more ASE genes (ASEGs) than do CP D. pulex. Whole-genomic comparison of OP and CP clones revealed ∼15,000 OP-specific markers and 42 consistent ASEGs enriched in marker-defined regions. Ten of the 42 ASEGs have alleles coding for different protein sequences, suggesting functional differences between the products of the two parental alleles. At least three of these ten genes appear to be directly involved in meiosis-related processes, for example, RanBP2 can cause abnormal chromosome segregation in anaphase I, and the presence of Wee1 in immature oocytes leads to failure to enter meiosis II. These results provide a guide for future molecular resolution of the genetic basis of the transition to ameiotic parthenogenesis.
Inter-annual and decadal variability of Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus in Subarctic waters north of Iceland 1990–2020
Authors: Gislason Astthor , Gudmundsson Kristinn , Olafsdottir Solveig R , Petursdottir Hildur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study compares inter-annual dynamics of the two biomass dominant copepods in the Iceland Sea, the North Atlantic species Calanus finmarchicus and the Arctic C. hyperboreus, in an era of relatively low temperatures in the beginning of the study period (1990-1995) and higher temperatures thereafter. Samples were collected annually in May along a cross-shore transect of eight stations. The long-term variability in abundance of the two Calanus species was analysed in relation to hydrography, nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics, and large-scale climatic changes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Sea surface temperatures showed an increasing trend from the beginning to the end of the time series for all stations. From the end of the 1990s, C. finmarchicusshowed an increasing trend at the outermost station, whereas C. hyperboreus generally showed a decreasing trend along the whole transect from the mid-2000s. For both species, temperature was the single most important environmental factor explaining variance in abundance, however with opposite effects for the Arctic (C. hyperboreus) and the Atlantic (C. finmarchicus) species. It is hypothesized that warming north of Iceland may lead to increase of C. finmarchicus abundance through increased recruitment and advection, and decreased C. hyperboreus abundance. The change in species composition may in turn influence upper trophic levels, e.g. the capelin, the region’s main planktivorous fish.
Impact of early quantitative morbidity on 1-year outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Hébert Mélanie , Lamy André , Noiseux Nicolas , Stevens Louis-Mathieu ,   the CORONARY Investigators
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We applied the Clavien-Dindo Complications Classification (CDCC) and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) to the CORONARY trial to assess whether quantitative early morbidity affects outcomes at 1 year.

METHODS
All postoperative hospitalization and 30-day follow-up complications were assigned a CDCC grade. CCI were calculated for all patients (n = 4752). Kaplan–Meier analysis examined 1-year mortality and 1-year co-primary outcome (i.e. death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, new-onset renal failure requiring dialysis or repeat coronary revascularization) by CDCC grade. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the predictive value of CCI for both outcomes.

RESULTS
For off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, median CDCC were 1 [interquartile range: 0, 2] and 2 [1, 2] (P &lt; 0.001), while median CCI were 8.7 [0, 22.6] and 20.9 [8.7, 29.6], respectively (P &lt; 0.001). In on-pump, there were more grade I and grade II complications, particularly grade I and II transfusions (P &lt; 0.001) and grade I acute kidney injury (P = 0.039), and more grade IVa respiratory failures (P = 0.047). Patients with ≥IIIa complications had greater cumulative 1-year mortality (P &lt; 0.001). The median CCI was 8.7 [0, 22.6] in patients who survived and 22.6 [8.7, 44.3] in patients who died at 1 year (P &lt; 0.001). The CCI remained an independent risk factor for 1-year mortality and 1-year co-primary outcome after multivariable adjustment (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
On-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery had a greater number of complications in the early postoperative period, likely driven by transfusions, respiratory outcomes and acute kidney injury. This affects 1-year outcomes. Similar analyses have not yet been used to compare both techniques and could prove useful to quantify procedural morbidity.

Clinical trial registration
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00463294; Unique Identifier: NCT00463294.
A new interval efficiency measure in data envelopment analysis based on efficiency potential
Authors: Lozano Sebastián , Khezri Somayeh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study proposes a new approach for evaluating the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) with interval data. We define a potential-based measure of efficiency (PBM), analogous with the concepts of the vector field and the potential function in Physics that projects the DMUs onto the best and the worst frontiers defined by the best and the worst values of the inputs and outputs of the DMUs. This contrasts with the standard and arguably unfair approach that benchmarks the best performance of a DMU against the worst performance of all other DMUs or the worst performance of a DMU against the best performance of all other DMUs. We argue that it is more sensible to assume that all the DMUs perform at their best or at their worst. Then, in this way, a narrower efficiency interval is determined for each DMU. We show how to derive a numerical efficiency, and hence, how to rank DMUs from the efficiency interval. Our methodology is illustrated using a dataset that relates to the performance of the branches of an insurance company in Iran. We compare our methodology with other existing methods from the literature.
Infinite Energy Quasi-Periodic Solutions to Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations on ℝ
Authors: Wang W-M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a set of smooth infinite energy global solutions (without spatial symmetry) to the non-integrable, nonlinear Schrödinger equations on $\mathbb R$. These solutions are space-time quasi-periodic with two frequencies each. Previous results [3, 4], and the generalization [32], are quasi-periodic in time, but periodic in space. This paper generalizes J. Bourgain’s [5] semi-algebraic set method to analyze nonlinear PDEs, in the non-compact space quasi-periodic setting on $\mathbb R$.