bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of potentially zoonotic and cephalosporin resistant enteric bacteria among shelter dogs in the Central and South-Central Appalachia
Authors: Verma Ashutosh , Carney Kimberly , Taylor Marina , Amsler Kaitlyn , Morgan Joey , Gruszynski Karen , Erol Erdal , Carter Craig , Locke Stephan , Callipare Ashton , Shah Devendra H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance and presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in shelter dogs pose a public health risk to shelter workers and potential adopters alike. In this study we investigated the prevalence of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and cephalosporin resistant (CefR) enteric bacteria in the feces of apparently healthy shelter dogs in the Cumberland Gap Region (CGR) in the US states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia.

Results
Fecal samples of 59 dogs from 10 shelters in the CGR of Central and South-Central Appalachia were screened for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella and CefR enteric bacteria. C. jejuni, C. perfringens were detected by PCR based assays. Culture and PCR were used for Salmonella detection. Of 59 dogs, fecal samples from 14 (23.7%) and 8 (13.6%) dogs tested positive for cpa and hipO genes of C. perfringens and C. jejuni, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the tested samples by PCR or culture. CefR enteric bacteria were isolated on MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftiofur followed by identification using MALDI-TOF. Fecal samples from 16 dogs (27.1%) yielded a total of 18 CefR enteric bacteria. Majority of CefR isolates (14/18, 77.8%) were E. coli followed by, one isolate each of Enterococcus hirae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter pittii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CefR enteric bacteria were tested for resistance against 19- or 24-antibiotic panels using broth microdilution method. Seventeen (94.4%) CefR bacteria were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent, and 14 (77.8%) displayed multidrug resistance (MDR).

Conclusions
This study shows that shelter dogs within the CGR not only carry zoonotic bacterial pathogens, but also shed multidrug resistant enteric bacteria in their feces that may pose public health risks.
Oxygenation strategies during flexible bronchoscopy: a review of the literature
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Bruni Andrea , Garofalo Eugenio , Rovida Serena , Arrighi Eugenio , Cammarota Gianmaria , Navalesi Paolo , Pelaia Girolamo , Longhini Federico 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) the arterial partial pressure of oxygen can drop, increasing the risk for respiratory failure. To avoid desaturation episodes during the procedure several oxygenation strategies have been proposed, including conventional oxygen therapy (COT), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). By a review of the current literature, we merely describe the clinical practice of oxygen therapies during FOB. We also conducted a pooled data analysis with respect to oxygenation outcomes, comparing HFNC with COT and NIV, separately. COT showed its benefits in patients undergoing FOB for broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) or brushing for cytology, in those with peripheral arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation < 93% prior to the procedure or affected by obstructive disorder. HFNC is preferable over COT in patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory failure (ARF) undergoing FOB, by improving oxygen saturation and decreasing the episodes of desaturation. On the opposite, CPAP and NIV guarantee improved oxygenation outcomes as compared to HFNC, and they should be preferred in patients with more severe hypoxemic ARF during FOB.
Contralateral risk-reducing local therapy in breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations: systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Ziqi , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Yuelun , Wang Xin , Xing Jiahua , Xing Zeyu , Huang Xin , Liu Gang , Zhang Menglu , Feng Kexin , Wu Jiang , Wang Wenyan , Wang Jie , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Xiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundUnilateral breast cancer (UBC) patients with germline pathogenicBRCA1/2variants have a higher risk of developing contralateral breast cancer (CBC) and need contralateral risk-reducing local treatments, including contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy (CRRM) and prophylactic irradiation (CPI). The aim of our study was to systematically explore the efficacy of CRRM and CPI in reducing CBC risk and increasing survival.MethodsA search was done, and eligible randomized trials and cohort studies should include and compare UBC patients with germline pathogenicBRCA1/2variants who have and have not received contralateral risk-reducing local treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used in this study. Primary outcomes of the studies included overall survival (OS) and the incidence of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), and secondary outcomes included breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).ResultsA total of five studies with 1769 UBC patients with germline pathogenicBRCA1/2variants were enrolled in our meta-analysis. CRRM was correlated with a lower risk of CBC in UBC patients with germline pathogenicBRCA1/2variants (summary RR = 0.07; 95%CI 0.03–0.13, I2 = 3%), a significantly increased OS (summary RR, 1.15; 95%CI 1.04–1.26, I2 = 26%) and a significantly increased BCSS (summary RR, 1.18; 95%CI 1.07–1.31, I2 = 64%) compared with surveillance. CPI also decreased the risk of CBC (RR 0.02; 95%CI 0.05–0.88) but did not significantly improve OS (RR 0.97; 95%CI 0.90–1.05) and BCSS (RR 0.97; 95%CI 0.90–1.05) compared with surveillance.ConclusionsCRRM reduces CBC risk and increases OS and BCSS in UBC patients with germline pathogenicBRCA1/2variants, and could be offered as a risk-reducing local treatment. For those who oppose CRRM, CPI could be offered for CBC-risk reduction, while its survival benefit is still uncertain.
Improving interagency service integration of the Australian Nurse Family Partnership Program for First Nations women and babies: a qualitative study
Authors: Massi Luciana , Hickey Sophie , Maidment Sarah-Jade , Roe Yvette , Kildea Sue , Nelson Carmel , Kruske Sue 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The Australian Nurse Family Partnership Program (ANFPP) is an evidence-based, home visiting program that offers health education, guidance, social and emotional support to first-time mothers having Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) babies. The community-controlled sector identified the need for specialised support for first time mothers due to the inequalities in birthing and early childhood outcomes between First Nations’ and other babies in Australia. The program is based on the United States’ Nurse Family Partnership program which has improved long-term health outcomes and life trajectories for mothers and children. International implementation of the Nurse Family Partnership program has identified interagency service integration as key to program recruitment, retention, and efficacy. How the ANFPP integrates with other services in an Australian urban setting and how to improve this is not yet known. Our research explores the barriers and enablers to interagency service integration for the Australian Nurse Family Partnership Program ANFPP in an urban setting.

Methods
A qualitative study using individual and group interviews. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to recruit clients, staff (internal and external to the program), Elders and family members. Interviews were conducted using a culturally appropriate ‘yarning’ method with clients, families and Elders and semi-structured interview guide for staff. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed prior to reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Seventy-six participants were interviewed: 26 clients, 47 staff and 3 Elders/family members. Three themes were identified as barriers and three as enablers. Barriers: 1) confusion around program scope, 2) duplication of care, and 3) tensions over ‘ownership’ of clients. Enablers (existing and potential): 1) knowledge and promotion of the program; 2) cultural safety; and 3) case coordination, co-location and partnership forums.

Conclusion
Effective service integration is essential to maximise access and acceptability of the ANFPP; we provide practical recommendations to improve service integration in this context.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with coronary heart disease in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang Tingting , Sun Li , Xu Li , Zhao Ting , Feng Jie , Yu Luhai , Wu Jianhua , Li Hongjian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Dyslipidemia is a predisposing factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). High-intensity statin therapy is recommended as secondary prevention. ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 genes influence the efficacy and safety of statins. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic area; however, little is known about the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1 and SLCO1B1 in minority groups with CHD.

Objective
To measure levels of lipid and apolipoprotein and the prevalence of dyslipidemia and gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, SLCO1B1 in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe populations with CHD in Xinjiang.

Methods
This descriptive retrospective study compares lipid levels in ethnic groups using Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance. The study compared gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of dyslipidemia among different ethnic groups using the chi-square test. The lipid profiles in plasma were measured before lipid-lowering therapy using commercially available kits. Genotyping of SLCO1B1 and ABCB1 variants was performed using sequencing by hybridization.

Results
A total of 2218 patients were successfully screened, including 1044 Han, 828 Uygur, 113 Kazak, 138 Hui, 39 Tatar, 36 Kirgiz, and 20 Sibe patients. The overall mean age was 61.8 ± 10.8 years, and 72.5% of participants were male. Dyslipidemia prevalence in these ethnic groups was 42.1, 49.8, 52.2, 40.6, 48.7, 41.7, and 45.0%, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol (TC), high triglycerides (TG), and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) differed significantly among the groups (P = 0.024; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). For the Han group, high LDL-C, high TC, and high TG prevalence differed significantly by gender (P = 0.001, P = 0.022, P = 0.037, respectively). The prevalence of high TC, high TG, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) differed significantly by gender in the Uygur group (P = 0.006, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of high TC in Hui patients significantly differed by gender (P = 0.043). These findings suggest that polymorphisms in ABCB1 and C3435T differ significantly across ethnicities (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The prevalences of dyslipidemia, high TC, high TG, and high LDL-C in Han, Uygur, Kazak, Hui, Tatar, Kirgiz, and Sibe CHD patients in Xinjiang differed concerning ethnicity. Ethnic, gender, and lifestyle were the key factors that affected the lipid levels of the population. The prevalence of polymorphisms of ABCB1 and C3435T significantly differed across ethnicities. These findings will aid the selection of precision lipid-lowering medications and prevention and treatment of CHD according to ethnicity in Xinjiang.
Health-related quality of life in men with localized prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy: validation of an abbreviated version of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite for Clinical Practice in Spain
Authors: Zapatero Almudena , Maldonado Pijoan Xavier , Gómez-Caamaño Antonio , Pardo Masferrer José , Macías Hernández Víctor , Hervás Morón Asunción , Muñoz García Julia Luisa , Palacios Eito Amalia , Anguita-Alonso Paloma , González-Junco Cristina , López Torrecilla José 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is greatly affected by prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments. This study aimed to measure the impact of radiotherapy on HRQoL and to further validate the Spanish version of the 16-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-16) in routine clinical practice.

Methods
An observational, non-interventional, multicenter study was conducted in Spain with localized PCa patients initiating treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BQT). Changes from baseline in EPIC-16, University of California-Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI), and patient-perceived health status were longitudinally assessed at end of radiotherapy (V2) and 90 days thereafter (V3). Psychometric evaluations of the Spanish EPIC-16 were conducted.

Results
Of 516 patients enrolled, 495 were included in the analysis (EBRT, n = 361; BQT, n = 134). At baseline, mean (standard deviation [SD]) EPIC-16 global scores were 11.9 (7.5) and 10.3 (7.7) for EBRT and BQT patients, respectively; scores increased, i.e., HRQoL worsened, from baseline, by mean (SD) of 6.8 (7.6) at V2 and 2.4 (7.4) at V3 for EBRT and 4.2 (7.6) and 3.9 (8.2) for BQT patients. Changes in Spanish EPIC-16 domains correlated well with urinary, bowel, and sexual UCLA-PCI domains. EPIC-16 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .84), reliability, and construct validity.

Conclusion
The Spanish EPIC-16 questionnaire demonstrated sensitivity, strong discriminative properties and reliability, and validity for use in clinical practice. EPIC-16 scores worsened after radiotherapy in different HRQoL domains; however, a strong tendency towards recovery was seen at the 3-month follow-up visit.
Viability of a MSQOL-54 general health-related quality of life score using bifactor model
Authors: Giordano Andrea , Testa Silvia , Bassi Marta , Cilia Sabina , Bertolotto Antonio , Quartuccio Maria Esmeralda , Pietrolongo Erika , Falautano Monica , Grobberio Monica , Niccolai Claudia , Allegri Beatrice , Viterbo Rosa Gemma , Confalonieri Paolo , Giovannetti Ambra Mara , Cocco Eleonora , Grasso Maria Grazia , Lugaresi Alessandra , Ferriani Elisa , Nocentini Ugo , Zaffaroni Mauro , De Livera Alysha , Jelinek George , Solari Alessandra , Rosato Rosalba 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMSQOL-54 is a multidimensional, widely-used, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument specific for multiple sclerosis (MS). Findings from the validation study suggested that the two MSQOL-54 composite scores are correlated. Given this correlation, it could be assumed that a unique total score of HRQOL may be calculated, with the advantage to provide key stakeholders with a single overall HRQOL score. We aimed to assess how well the bifactor model could account for the MSQOL-54 structure, in order to verify whether a total HRQOL score can be calculated.MethodsA large international database (3669 MS patients) was used. By means of confirmatory factor analysis, we estimated a bifactor model in which every item loads onto both a general factor and a group factor. Fit of the bifactor model was compared to that of single and two second-order factor models by means of Akaike information and Bayesian information criteria reduction. Reliability of the total and subscale scores was evaluated with Mc Donald’s coefficients (omega, and omega hierarchical).ResultsThe bifactor model outperformed the two second-order factor models in all the statistics. All items loaded satisfactorily (≥ 0.40) on the general HRQOL factor, except the sexual function items. Omega coefficients for total score were very satisfactory (0.98 and 0.87). Omega hierarchical for subscales ranged between 0.22 to 0.57, except for the sexual function (0.70).ConclusionsThe bifactor model is particularly useful when it is intended to acknowledge multidimensionality and at the same time take account of a single general construct, as the HRQOL related to MS. The total raw score can be used as an estimate of the general HRQOL latent score.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 inhibition destabilizes microtubules promoting the activation of lysosomes and cell death of lung cancer cells
Authors: Mondal Arindam , NeMoyer Rachel , Vora Mehul , Napoli Logan , Syed Zoya , Langenfeld Elaine , Jia Dongxuan , Peng Youyi , Gilleran John , Roberge Jacques , Rongo Christopher , Jabbour Salma K. , Langenfeld John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) regulates cell survival signaling events in cancer cells independent of the BMP type 1 receptor (BMPR1) or the Smad-1/5 transcription factor. Mutations in BMPR2 trafficking proteins leads to overactive BMP signaling, which leads to neurological diseases caused by BMPR2 stabilization of the microtubules. It is not known whether BMPR2 regulates the microtubules in cancer cells and what effect this has on cell survival. It is also not known whether alterations in BMPR2 trafficking effects activity and response to BMPR2 inhibitors.MethodsWe utilized BMPR2 siRNA and the BMP receptor inhibitors JL5 and Ym155, which decrease BMPR2 signaling and cause its mislocalization to the cytoplasm. Using the JL5 resistant MDA-MD-468 cell line and sensitive lung cancer cell lines, we examined the effects of BMPR2 inhibition on BMPR2 mislocalization to the cytoplasm, microtubule destabilization, lysosome activation and cell survival.ResultsWe show that the inhibition of BMPR2 destabilizes the microtubules. Destabilization of the microtubules leads to the activation of the lysosomes. Activated lysosomes further decreases BMPR2 signaling by causing it to mislocalizated to the cytoplasm and/or lysosome for degradation. Inhibition of the lysosomes with chloroquine attenuates BMPR2 trafficking to the lysosome and cell death induced by BMPR2 inhibitors. Furthermore, in MDA-MD-468 cells that are resistant to JL5 induced cell death, BMPR2 was predominately located in the cytoplasm. BMPR2 failed to localize to the cytoplasm and/or lysosome following treatment with JL5 and did not destabilize the microtubules or activate the lysosomes.ConclusionsThese studies reveal that the inhibition of BMPR2 destabilizes the microtubules promoting cell death of cancer cells that involves the activation of the lysosomes. Resistance to small molecules targeting BMPR2 may occur if the BMPR2 is localized predominantly to the cytoplasm and/or fails to localize to the lysosome for degradation.
Systemic inflammation alters the neuroinflammatory response: a prospective clinical trial in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lassarén Philipp , Lindblad Caroline , Frostell Arvid , Carpenter Keri L. H. , Guilfoyle Mathew R. , Hutchinson Peter J. A. , Helmy Adel , Thelin Eric Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be associated with secondary injury development; however, how systemic inflammatory mediators affect this is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to see how systemic inflammation affects markers of neuroinflammation, if this inflammatory response had a temporal correlation between compartments and how different compartments differ in cytokine composition.

Methods
TBI patients recruited to a previous randomised controlled trial studying the effects of the drug anakinra (Kineret®), a human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL1ra), were used (n = 10 treatment arm, n = 10 control arm). Cytokine concentrations were measured in arterial and jugular venous samples twice a day, as well as in microdialysis-extracted brain extracellular fluid (ECF) following pooling every 6 h. C-reactive protein level (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), temperature and confirmed systemic clinical infection were used as systemic markers of inflammation. Principal component analyses, linear mixed-effect models, cross-correlations and multiple factor analyses were used.

Results
Jugular and arterial blood held similar cytokine information content, but brain-ECF was markedly different. No clear arterial to jugular gradient could be seen. No substantial delayed temporal associations between blood and brain compartments were detected. The development of a systemic clinical infection resulted in a significant decrease of IL1-ra, G-CSF, PDGF-ABBB, MIP-1b and RANTES (p < 0.05, respectively) in brain-ECF, even if adjusting for injury severity and demographic factors, while an increase in several cytokines could be seen in arterial blood.

Conclusions
Systemic inflammation, and infection in particular, alters cytokine levels with different patterns seen in brain and in blood. Cerebral inflammatory monitoring provides independent information from arterial and jugular samples, which both demonstrate similar information content. These findings could present potential new treatment options in severe TBI patients, but novel prospective trials are warranted to confirm these associations.

Graphical abstract
The HIV-1 capsid and reverse transcription
Authors: Aiken Christopher , Rousso Itay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe viral capsid plays a key role in HIV-1 reverse transcription. Recent studies have demonstrated that the small molecule IP6 dramatically enhances reverse transcription in vitro by stabilizing the viral capsid. Reverse transcription results in marked changes in the biophysical properties of the capsid, ultimately resulting in its breakage and disassembly. Here we review the research leading to these advances and describe hypotheses for capsid-dependent HIV-1 reverse transcription and a model for reverse transcription-primed HIV-1 uncoating.
Frequency-dependent force direction elucidates neural control of balance
Authors: Shiozawa Kaymie , Lee Jongwoo , Russo Marta , Sternad Dagmar , Hogan Neville 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Maintaining upright posture is an unstable task that requires sophisticated neuro-muscular control. Humans use foot–ground interaction forces, characterized by point of application, magnitude, and direction to manage body accelerations. When analyzing the directions of the ground reaction forces of standing humans in the frequency domain, previous work found a consistent pattern in different frequency bands. To test whether this frequency-dependent behavior provided a distinctive signature of neural control or was a necessary consequence of biomechanics, this study simulated quiet standing and compared the results with human subject data.

Methods
Aiming to develop the simplest competent and neuromechanically justifiable dynamic model that could account for the pattern observed across multiple subjects, we first explored the minimum number of degrees of freedom required for the model. Then, we applied a well-established optimal control method that was parameterized to maximize physiologically-relevant insight to stabilize the balancing model.

Results
If a standing human was modeled as a single inverted pendulum, no controller could reproduce the experimentally observed pattern. The simplest competent model that approximated a standing human was a double inverted pendulum with torque-actuated ankle and hip joints. A range of controller parameters could stabilize this model and reproduce the general trend observed in experimental data; this result seems to indicate a biomechanical constraint and not a consequence of control. However, details of the frequency-dependent pattern varied substantially across tested control parameter values. The set of parameters that best reproduced the human experimental results suggests that the control strategy employed by human subjects to maintain quiet standing was best described by minimal control effort with an emphasis on ankle torque.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the frequency-dependent pattern of ground reaction forces observed in quiet standing conveys quantitative information about human control strategies. This study’s method might be extended to investigate human neural control strategies in different contexts of balance, such as with an assistive device or in neurologically impaired subjects.