bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E‐REVEAL Lite 2.0 scoring for early prediction of disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Sahay Sandeep , Bhatt Jiken , Beshay Sarah , Guha Ashrith , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Nagueh Sherif F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRisk stratification is an essential tool in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These tools lack detailed echocardiographic assessment which plays a central role in clinical risk assessment in PAH. Thus, we aimed at assessing whether adding echocardiography‐driven data to REVEAL Lite 2.0 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long‐Term PAH Disease Management) improves the assessment of risk stratification in PAH. A retrospective analysis of 134 consecutive patients between January 2016 and December 2019 was done. We identified patients who experienced a disease progression “event” defined by the initiation of intravenous (IV) or parenteral prostacyclin, transplant referral, or death due to PAH. All other PAH patients who did not experience an “event” during this period were included in the analysis as controls. Echocardiography and REVEAL Lite 2.0 were collected from 4 to 8 months before the event and compared with the control group to predict the risk of a disease progression event. One hundred and ten patients were included in the final analysis with 22 experiencing a disease progression event and 88 remaining stable during the study period. Different echocardiographic parameters were combined with REVEAL Lite 2.0 scores in both groups. The combination of REVEAL Lite 2.0 and the left ventricular end‐diastolic (LVED) eccentricity index (as a continuous variable) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, which approached a significant difference with that of the REVEAL Lite 2.0 alone (p = 0.052). An additional multivariable regression model that included REVEAL Lite 2.0, LVED eccentricity index as a continuous variable, and RAP achieved the best AUC at 0.88 (0.80, 0.96), which was significantly different from that of the REVEAL Lite 2.0 alone (AUC 0.77 [0.66, 0.88]; p = 0.049). These results suggest that combining different echocardiographic parameters to REVEAL Lite 2.0 provides more statistically accurate risk predictions compared to REVEAL Lite 2.0 alone. A combination of LVED eccentricity index with REVEAL Lite 2.0 achieved the best AUC in predicting the event in our cohort.
Cryobiopsy for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia secondary to adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia
Authors: Kobe Hiroshi , Saito Kenki , Arita Machiko , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 79‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1‐week history of progressively worsening dyspnoea on exertion. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral consolidation. On laboratory findings, the line blot assay for human T‐cell leukaemia virus type 1 was positive, the white blood cell count was 33,000/μl (atypical lymphocytes 8500/μl, 26% of the total white blood cell count) and β‐d‐glucan was increased to 391.1 pg/ml. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, there was a small number of atypical lymphocytes, and the polymerase chain reaction for Pneumocystis jirovecii was positive. Sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim and corticosteroid were administered, but the lung shadows remained. Adult T‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia (ATLL) cell infiltration was suspected, and transbronchial lung cryobiopsy was performed, which showed no infiltration of lymphoma cells into the lung. The lung shadow showed an improving trend on chest CT. She was diagnosed with chronic type ATLL and discharged without chemotherapy.
Dislocation‐Mediated Hydride Precipitation in Zirconium
Authors: Liu Si‐Mian , Ishii Akio , Mi Shao‐Bo , Ogata Shigenobu , Li Ju , Han Wei‐Zhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation of hydrides challenges the integrity of zirconium (Zr) fuel cladding in nuclear reactors. The dynamics of hydride precipitation are complex. Especially, the formation of the butterfly or bird‐nest configurations of dislocation structures around hydride is rather intriguing. By in‐situ transmission electron microscopy experiments and density functional theory simulations, it is discovered that hydride growth is a hybrid displacive‐diffusive process, which is regulated by intermittent dislocation emissions. A strong tensile stress field around the hydride tip increases the solubility of hydrogen in Zr matrix, which prevents hydride growth. Punching‐out dislocations reduces the tensile stress surrounding the hydride, decreases hydrogen solubility, reboots the hydride precipitation and accelerates the growth of the hydride. The emission of dislocations mediates hydride growth, and finally, the consecutively emitted dislocations evolve into a butterfly or bird‐nest configuration around the hydride.
Ternary Transition Metal Sulfide as High Real Energy Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Pouch Cell Under Lean Electrolyte Conditions
Authors: Guo Hao , Hu Jing , Yuan Huimin , Wu Ningning , Li Yingzhi , Liu Guiyu , Qin Ning , Liao Kemeng , Li Zhiqiang , Luo Wen , Gu Shuai , Wan Weihua , Shi Bin , Xu Xusheng , Yang Qinghua , Shi Jiayuan , Lu Zhouguang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFabrication of a highly porous sulfur host and using excess electrolyte is a common strategy to enhance sulfur utilization. However, flooded electrolyte limits the practical energy density of Li–S pouch cells. In this study, a novel Fe0.34Co0.33Ni0.33S2 (FCN) is proposed as host for sulfur to realize Ah‐level Li–S full cells demonstrating excellent electrochemical performances under 2 µL mg−1 lean electrolyte conditions. Moreover, Kelvin probe force microscopy shows that the FCN surface contains positive charge with a potential of ≈70 mV, improving the binding of polysulfides through Lewis acid base interaction. In particular, the FCN@S possesses inherent electrochemical activity of simultaneous anionic and cationic redox for lithium storage in the voltage window of 1.8–2.1 V, which additionally contributes to the specific capacity. Due to the low carbon content (≈10 wt%), the sulfur loading is as high as ≈6 mg cm−2, approaching an outstanding energy density of 394.9 and 267.2 Wh kg−1 at the current density of 1.5 and 4 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, after 60 cycles at 1.5 mA cm−2, the pouch cell still retains an energy of 300.2 Wh kg−1. This study represents a milestone in the practical applications of high‐energy Li–S batteries.
Top cast effect: Influence of bond length on splitting mode failure
Authors: Cairns John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt is widely considered that bond strength of bars cast near the top of a pour is weaker than that of bars cast near the bottom. The lesser strength of top cast bars is attributed to: (a)The increase in binder/cement ratio toward the top of a pour due to consolidation of fluid concrete prior to setting. (b)The formation of voids beneath bars as solids in fluid and setting concrete consolidate when the bar is restrained from vertical movement. The difference in bond strength bars cast near the top of a pour and those cast near the bottom varies widely between individual studies, with little difference reported in some studies and reductions in excess of 50% reported in others. A markedly greater top bar effect observed in pullout type specimens with short bond lengths compared to that in studies based on conditions more representative of practical construction. Through a simple analytical model of behavior of a lapped joint based on the local bond slip model in fib Model Code 2010, it is shown that the casting position effect diminishes as bond length increases. This influence is supported by analysis of trends in the top cast section of the ACI408 bond test database. Conclusions demonstrate the casting position factor in current design Codes significantly overestimates the top cast effect and justifies a casting position factor of 1.0 for laps designed to develop the full design strength of Grade 500 bars. Increased bond lengths would still be required for top cast laps designed for lower bar stresses.
Recent Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Najam Tayyaba , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Bashir Muhammad Sohail , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Khan Naseem Ahmad , Rehman Aziz ur , Subhan Md Abdus , Rahman Mohammed Muzibur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices, demanding the superior, reliable, and ultra‐long cycling energy storage systems. But poor performances of electrode materials used in energy devices are main obstacles. Recently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are considered as emerging and potential candidates as electrode materials for battery devices. Herein, we have discussed the recent methods for the fabrication of SACs for rechargeable metal‐air batteries, metal‐CO2 batteries, metal‐sulfur batteries, and other batteries, following the recent advances in assembling and performance of these batteries by using SACs as electrode materials. The role of SACs to solve the bottle‐neck problems of these energy storage devices and future perspectives are also discussed.
Short‐term neonatal and long‐term infant outcome of late‐preterm twins: nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Cho G. J. , Cho K.‐D. , Kim H. Y. , Ha S. , Oh M.‐J. , Won H.‐S. , Chung J. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the short‐ and long‐term outcome of late‐preterm compared with term birth in twin pregnancy.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study included all women who had a twin delivery between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010 recorded in the claims database of the Korea National Health Insurance, with at least one follow‐up recorded in the database of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. Outcomes were analyzed at the pregnancy level, with adverse outcome being defined as an adverse outcome in one or both twins, identified by a diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. The primary short‐term outcome was composite morbidity, which included any of the following: transient tachypnea, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Long‐term adverse outcome included any neurological or neurodevelopmental outcome, defined by prespecified neurological and developmental diagnoses; these were assessed by following up all neonates until the end of 2018, by which time they were 8–11 years of age. Outcomes were compared between twins delivered late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks) and those delivered at term (≥ 37 weeks).ResultsAmong 17 189 women who delivered twins at ≥ 34 weeks of gestation during the study period, 5032 (29.27%) women delivered in the late‐preterm period. On multivariate analysis, compared with the twins delivered at term, the late‐preterm twins had an increased risk for the primary short‐term outcome of composite morbidity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.09; 95% CI, 1.90–2.30), including transient tachypnea (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.64–2.09), respiratory distress syndrome (aOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.04–2.62), necrotizing enterocolitis (aOR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.20–3.69) and intraventricular hemorrhage (aOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.46–3.11). For the long‐term outcome, the late‐preterm twins also had an increased risk for any neurological or neurodevelopmental outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07–1.21).ConclusionsTwins delivered in the late‐preterm period have an increased risk for short‐ and long‐term morbidity compared with twins delivered at term. These results should be considered when determining the timing of delivery in uncomplicated twin pregnancy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Evaluation of Captive Bolt for Emergency Field Euthanasia in Canada Geese
Authors: Shearer Karen E. , Brook Rodney W. , Sharp Christopher M. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTIn rare circumstances during research or monitoring operations for wild birds, emergency euthanasia is required. However, standard methods of euthanasia may not be humane for large birds. We evaluated the use of a Dick KTBG® spring‐powered, penetrating captive bolt for the euthanasia of Canada geese (Branta canadensis). We conducted trials on hunter‐harvested geese to determine anatomical placement of the device and to assess skull and brain penetration effectiveness. We then assessed the device for euthanasia on anesthetized geese. Although results using dead geese suggested the device may be effective (i.e., consistent skull penetration, and trajectory depth into relevant brain structures), we found the device did not produce consistent, humane euthanasia for anesthetized geese and was not suitable for emergency field euthanasia for Canada geese. We encourage further evaluations of emergency euthanasia methods using a 2‐step process of determining placement and efficacy on dead birds and then testing on live anesthetized individuals. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
A tale of invisibility: constraints on new physics in b → sνν
Authors: Felkl Tobias , Li Sze Lok , Schmidt Michael A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Belle II experiment will measure the rare decays B → Kνν and B → K∗νν with increased sensitivity which can hence be expected to serve as a very efficient probe of new physics. We calculate the relevant branching ratios in low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) including an arbitrary number of massive sterile neutrinos and discuss the expected sensitivity to the different operators. We also take into account the longitudinal polarisation fraction FL and the inclusive decay rate B → Xsνν. In our investigation we consider new physics dominantly contributing to one and two operators both for massless and massive (sterile) neutrinos. Our results show a powerful interplay of the exclusive decay rates B → Kνν and B → K∗νν, and a surprisingly large sensitivity of the inclusive decay mode to vector operators even under conservative assumptions about its uncertainty. Furthermore, the sensitivity of FL is competitive with the branching ratio of B → K∗νν in the search for new physics contributing to scalar operators and thus also complementary to B → Kνν and B → Xsνν.
Spontaneously stabilised dark matter from a fermiophobic U(1)′ gauge symmetry
Authors: Fu B. , King S.F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider the possibility that dark matter is stabilised by a discrete Z2 symmetry which arises from a subgroup of a U(1)′ gauge symmetry, spontaneously broken by integer charged scalars, and under which the chiral quarks and leptons do not carry any charges. A chiral fermion χ with half-integer charge is odd under the preserved Z2, and hence becomes a stable dark matter candidate, being produced through couplings to right-handed neutrinos with vector-like U(1)′ charges, as in the type Ib seesaw mechanism. We calculate the relic abundance in such a low energy effective seesaw model containing few parameters, then consider a high energy renormalisable model with a complete fourth family of vector-like fermions, where the chiral quark and lepton masses arise from a seesaw-like mechanism. With the inclusion of the fourth family, the lightest vector-like quark can contribute to the dark matter production, enlarging the allowed parameter space that we explore.
Gauge kinetic mixing and dark topological defects
Authors: Hiramatsu Takashi , Ibe Masahiro , Suzuki Motoo , Yamaguchi Soma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe discuss how the topological defects in the dark sector affect the Standard Model sector when the dark photon has a kinetic mixing with the QED photon. In particular, we consider the dark photon appearing in the successive gauge symmetry breaking, SU(2)→U(1)→ ℤ2, where the remainingℤ2is the center of SU(2). In this model, the monopole is trapped into the cosmic strings and forms the so-called bead solution. As we will discuss, the dark cosmic string induces the QED magnetic flux inside the dark string through the kinetic mixing. The dark monopole, on the other hand, does not induce the QED magnetic flux in the U(1) symmetric phase, even in the presence of the kinetic mixing. Finally, we show that the dark bead solution induces a spherically symmetric QED magnetic flux through the kinetic mixing. The induced flux looks like the QED magnetic monopole viewed from a distance, although QED satisfies the Bianchi identity everywhere, which we call a pseudo magnetic monopole.
A new de Sitter solution with a weakly warped deformed conifold
Authors: Bento Bruno Valeixo , Chakraborty Dibya , Parameswaran Susha , Zavala Ivonne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We revisit moduli stabilisation for type IIB flux compactifications that include a warped throat region corresponding to a warped deformed conifold, with an anti-D3-brane sitting at its tip. The warping induces a coupling between the conifold’s deformation modulus and the bulk volume modulus in the Kähler potential. Previous works have studied the scalar potential assuming a strong warping such that this coupling term dominates, and found that the anti-D3-brane uplift may destabilise the conifold modulus and/or volume modulus, unless flux numbers within the throat are large, which makes tadpole cancellation a challenge. We explore the regime of parameter space corresponding to a weakly-but-still warped throat, such that the coupling between the conifold and volume moduli is subdominant. We thus discover a new metastable de Sitter solution within the four-dimensional effective field theory. We discuss the position of this de Sitter vacuum in the string theory landscape and swampland.
The entanglement entropy of typical pure states and replica wormholes
Authors: Urbach Erez Y. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a 1+1 dimensional QFT on a circle, we consider the von Neumann entanglement entropy of an interval for typical pure states. As a function of the interval size, we expect a Page curve in the entropy. We employ a specific ensemble average of pure states, and show how to write the ensemble-averaged Rényi entropy as a path integral on a singular replicated geometry. Assuming that the QFT is a conformal field theory with a gravitational dual, we then use the holographic dictionary to obtain the Page curve. For short intervals the thermal saddle is dominant. For large intervals (larger than half of the circle size), the dominant saddle connects the replicas in a non-trivial way using the singular boundary geometry. The result extends the ‘island conjecture’ to a non-evaporating setting.
Synergy of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and angiotensin II (AT1R) receptor determines composition and temporal pattern of transcriptome variation
Authors: Schreier Barbara , Dubourg Virginie , Hübschmann Stefanie , Rabe Sindy , Mildenberger Sigrid , Gekle Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR and the G-protein-coupled receptor AT1R induce essential cellular responses, in part via receptor crosstalk with an unknown role in nuclear information transfer and transcription regulation. We investigated whether this crosstalk results in linear, EGFR-mediated nuclear signalling or in parallel, synergistic information transfer leading to qualitative and temporal variations, relevant for gene expression and environment interaction. AT1R and EGFR synergistically activate SRF via the ERK1/2-TCF and actin-MRTF pathways. Synergism, comprised of switch-like and graded single cell response, converges on the transcription factors AP1 and EGR, resulting in synergistic transcriptome alterations, in qualitative (over-additive number of genes), quantitative (over-additive expression changes of individual genes) and temporal (more late onset and prolonged expressed genes) terms. Gene ontology and IPA® pathway analysis indicate prolonged cell stress (e.g. hypoxia-like) and dysregulated vascular biology. Synergism occurs during separate but simultaneous activation of both receptors and during AT1R-induced EGFR transactivation. EGFR and AT1R synergistically regulate gene expression in qualitative, quantitative and temporal terms with (patho)physiological relevance, extending the importance of EGFR-AT1R crosstalk beyond cytoplasmic signalling.
Influence of breast cancer risk factors on proliferation and DNA damage in human breast glandular tissues: role of intracellular estrogen levels, oxidative stress and estrogen biotransformation
Authors: Wunder Juliane , Pemp Daniela , Cecil Alexander , Mahdiani Maryam , Hauptstein René , Schmalbach Katja , Geppert Leo N. , Ickstadt Katja , Esch Harald L. , Dandekar Thomas , Lehmann Leane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancer etiology is associated with both proliferation and DNA damage induced by estrogens. Breast cancer risk factors (BCRF) such as body mass index (BMI), smoking, and intake of estrogen-active drugs were recently shown to influence intratissue estrogen levels. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of BCRF on estrogen-induced proliferation and DNA damage in 41 well-characterized breast glandular tissues derived from women without breast cancer. Influence of intramammary estrogen levels and BCRF on estrogen receptor (ESR) activation, ESR-related proliferation (indicated by levels of marker transcripts), oxidative stress (indicated by levels of GCLC transcript and oxidative derivatives of cholesterol), and levels of transcripts encoding enzymes involved in estrogen biotransformation was identified by multiple linear regression models. Metabolic fluxes to adducts of estrogens with DNA (E-DNA) were assessed by a metabolic network model (MNM) which was validated by comparison of calculated fluxes with data on methoxylated and glucuronidated estrogens determined by GC– and UHPLC–MS/MS. Intratissue estrogen levels significantly influenced ESR activation and fluxes to E-DNA within the MNM. Likewise, all BCRF directly and/or indirectly influenced ESR activation, proliferation, and key flux constraints influencing E-DNA (i.e., levels of estrogens, CYP1B1, SULT1A1, SULT1A2, and GSTP1). However, no unambiguous total effect of BCRF on proliferation became apparent. Furthermore, BMI was the only BCRF to indeed influence fluxes to E-DNA (via congruent adverse influence on levels of estrogens, CYP1B1 and SULT1A2).