bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic transcatheter aspiration for pulmonary artery tumor embolism using an INARI Triever aspiration catheter
Authors: Herron Christopher , J. Forbes Thomas , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPulmonary artery tumor embolism is a rare phenomenon and its diagnosis is important because of a poor prognosis. We report a 20‐year‐old male with history of metastatic osteosarcoma who presented with acute pulmonary embolism. He was urgently taken to the catheterization laboratory and underwent transcatheter aspiration of pulmonary artery mass using an INARI Triever aspiration catheter. Pathology of the aspirated specimen lead to the diagnosis of pulmonary artery tumor embolism, not thrombus. This case highlights the diagnostic utility of transcatheter aspiration for the pulmonary artery tumor embolism.
Modified tibial plateau levelling osteotomy to treat lateral patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in a dog
Authors: Curuci Eloy H. P. , Bernardes Filippo J. L. , Minto Bruno W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of modified tibial plateau leveling osteotomy adapted for correction of the lateral patellar dislocation was effective, allowing simultaneous treatment of lateral patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency.
Spontaneous intercostal artery bleeding in a patient with alcohol‐induced liver cirrhosis
Authors: Rahi Mandeep Singh , Pednekar Prachi , Parmar Gaurav , Keibel Lauren , Gunasekaran Kulothungan , Amoah Kwesi , Winterbottom Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSpontaneous intercostal artery bleeding is a rare disease seen in cirrhosis and can present with hemodynamically significant blood loss anemia, hypotension, and shock. Transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective treatment for severe cases.
Contrast‐induced early repolarization pattern and ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Kariki Ourania , Kontonika Marianna , Miliopoulos Dimitrios , Bazoukis George , Vlachos Konstantinos , Dragasis Stylianos , Gouziouta Aggeliki , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Efremidis Michael , Voudris Vassilis 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMalignant arrhythmias during coronary angiography consist a complication of the procedure. Clinicians should be aware that intracoronary infusion of contrast medium can lead to physiological changes that lower the ventricular fibrillation threshold.
Dicephalus parapagus conjoined twins
Authors: Karn Mitesh , Mahato Basant , Sah Pradip , Basnet Archana , Yonghang Sapana , Pandit Chandika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDicephalus parapagus are conjoined twins with two separate heads. Proper identification helps in patient counseling and timely referral to specialist centers.
Laccase as a Tool in Building Advanced Lignin‐Based Materials
Authors: Agustin Melissa B. , de Carvalho Danila Morais , Lahtinen Maarit H. , Hilden Kristiina , Lundell Taina , Mikkonen Kirsi S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLignin is an abundant natural feedstock that offers great potential as a renewable substitute for fossil‐based resources. Its polyaromatic structure and unique properties have attracted significant research efforts. The advantages of an enzymatic over chemical or thermal approach to construct or deconstruct lignins are that it operates in mild conditions, requires less energy, and usually uses non‐toxic chemicals. Laccase is a widely investigated oxidative enzyme that can catalyze the polymerization and depolymerization of lignin. Its dual nature causes a challenge in controlling the overall direction of lignin‐laccase catalysis. In this Review, the factors that affect laccase‐catalyzed lignin polymerization were summarized, evaluated, and compared to identify key features that favor lignin polymerization. In addition, a critical assessment of the conditions that enable production of novel lignin hybrids via laccase‐catalyzed grafting was presented. To assess the industrial relevance of laccase‐assisted lignin valorization, patented applications were surveyed and industrial challenges and opportunities were analyzed. Finally, our perspective in realizing the full potential of laccase in building lignin‐based materials for advanced applications was deduced from analysis of the limitations governing laccase‐assisted lignin polymerization and grafting.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Lignin: The Influence of Minor Units and Saccharides
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Deuss Peter J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe precise elucidation of native lignin structures plays a vital role for the development of “lignin first” strategies such as reductive catalytic fractionation. The structure of lignin and composition of the starting material has a major impact on the product yield and distribution. Here, the differences in structure of lignin from birch, pine, reed, and walnut shell were investigated by combining detailed analysis of the whole cell wall material, residual enzyme lignin, and milled wood lignin. The results of the 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR analysis could be correlated to the product from Ru/C‐catalyzed hydrogenolysis if monomeric products from ferulate and p‐coumaryl and its analogous units were also appropriately considered. Notably, residual polysaccharide constituents seemed to influence the selectivity towards hydroxy‐containing monomers. The results reinforced the importance of adequate structural characterization and compositional analysis of the starting materials as well as distinct (dis)advantages of specific types of structural characterization and isolation methods for guiding valorization potential of different biomass feedstocks.
Branched‐chain amino acids at supraphysiological but not physiological levels reduce myotube insulin sensitivity
Authors: Rivera Madison E. , Rivera Caroline N. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) are often emphasized in the diets of avid exercisers, yet population data demonstrates a correlation between circulating BCAA and insulin resistance. However, it is unclear if BCAA independently promote insulin resistance in otherwise healthy cells. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a BCAA mixture on muscle insulin signaling in vitro in both insulin resistant and sensitive cells.Materials and MethodsC2C12 myotubes were treated with a BCAA mixture containing leucine:isoleucine:valine at a ratio of 2:1:1 at 0.2, 2, or 20 mM (based on leucine content) for either 30 min, 1 day, or 6 days. Western blot was used to assess insulin sensitivity of cells treated with BCAA both with and without concurrent insulin resistance, and, with and without insulin stimulation.ResultsBCAA treatment for 1 day significantly reduced basal, but not insulin‐stimulated pAkt expression. BCAA treatment for 6 days resulted in significantly reduced basal insulin signaling in healthy cells and insulin‐stimulated insulin signaling in insulin resistant (but not insulin sensitive) cells.ConclusionSimilar to previous observations demonstrating BCAA may correlate with insulin resistance during metabolically stressed conditions, we demonstrate excessively high BCAA exposure can negatively influence basal insulin signaling, as well as insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant myotubes. However, given the intentionally high concentrations of BCAA used in this study, the extent to which these observations translate to in vivo models is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Sublethal effects of a rapidly spreading native alga on a key herbivore
Authors: Bradley Daniel J. , Boada Jordi , Gladstone William , Glasby Timothy M. , Gribben Paul E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMultiple anthropogenic stressors are causing a global decline in foundation species, including macrophytes, often resulting in the expansion of functionally different, more stressor‐tolerant macrophytes. Previously subdominant species may experience further positive demographic feedback if they are exposed to weaker plant–herbivore interactions, possibly via decreased palatability or being structurally different from the species they are replacing. However, the consequences of the spread of opportunistic macrophytes for the local distribution and life history of herbivores are unknown.The green alga,Caulerpa filiformis, previously a subdominant macrophyte on low intertidal‐shallow subtidal rock shores, is becoming locally more abundant and has spread into warmer waters across the coast of New South Wales, Australia.In this study, we measured (a) the distribution and abundance of a key consumer, the sea urchinHeliocidaris erythrogramma,across a seascape at sites whereC. filiformishas become dominant, (b) performed behavioral field experiments to test the role of habitat selection in determining the local distribution ofH. erythrogramma,and (c) consumer experiments to test differential palatability between previously dominant higher quality species likeEcklonia radiataandSargassumsp. andC. filiformisand the physiological consequences of consuming it.At all sites, urchin densities were positively correlated with distance away fromC. filiformisbeds, and they actively moved away from beds. Feeding experiments showed that, while urchins consumedC. filiformis,sometimes in equal amounts to higher quality algae, there were strong sublethal consequences associated withC. filiformisconsumption, mainly on reproductive potential (gonad size). Specifically, the gonad size of urchins that fed onC. filiformiswas equivalent to that in starved urchins. There was also a tendency for urchin mortality to be greater when fedC. filiformis.Overall, strong negative effects on herbivore life‐history traits and potentially their survivorship may establish further positive feedback onC. filiformisabundance that contributes to its spread and may mediate shifts from top‐down to bottom‐up control at locations whereC. filiformishas become dominant.
Cryptococcus gattii polysaccharide capsule: An insight on fungal‐host interactions and vaccine studies
Authors: Freitas Gustavo J. C. , Santos Daniel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii complexes are the main causative agents of cryptococcosis, a neglected disease with high lethality. The capsule, composed predominantly of the capsular polysaccharide (CP) GXM, is the main virulence factor of this pathogen. The role of CP is well described for C. neoformans and; however, there is a scarcity of studies focused on C. gattii, especially in the context of the fungal–host interaction. Understanding how the immune system recognizes C. gattii can generate meaningful information for diagnosing, preventing, and treating cryptococcosis. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2021. 51: 2281–2295], Ueno et al. demonstrate that CP inhibits C. gattii recognition by CD11b. In this commentary, we highlight the importance of deeply understanding the role of C. gattii CP during infection and how this knowledge would influence the strategies to develop new vaccines against cryptococcosis.
Investigation of viscoelastic focusing of particles and cells in a zigzag microchannel
Authors: Yuan Dan , Yadav Sharda , Ta Hang T. , Fallahi Hedieh , An Hongjie , Kashaninejad Navid , Ooi Chin Hong , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic particle focusing has been a vital prerequisite step in sample preparation for downstream particle separation, counting, detection, or analysis, and has attracted broad applications in biomedical and chemical areas. Besides all the active and passive focusing methods in Newtonian fluids, particle focusing in viscoelastic fluids has been attracting increasing interest because of its advantages induced by intrinsic fluid property. However, to achieve a well‐defined focusing position, there is a need to extend channel lengths when focusing micrometer‐sized or sub‐microsized particles, which would result in the size increase of the microfluidic devices. This work investigated the sheathless viscoelastic focusing of particles and cells in a zigzag microfluidic channel. Benefit from the zigzag structure of the channel, the channel length and the footprint of the device can be reduced without sacrificing the focusing performance. In this work, the viscoelastic focusing, including the focusing of 10 μm polystyrene particles, 5 μm polystyrene particles, 5 μm magnetic particles, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and cancer cells, were all demonstrated. Moreover, magnetophoretic separation of magnetic and nonmagnetic particles after viscoelastic pre‐focusing was shown. This focusing technique has the potential to be used in a range of biomedical applications.
Improved Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm for Optimal Operation of Active Distribution Systems Incorporating Renewables and Emerging Data‐Center Resources
Authors: Zeng Bo , Xu Hao , Wang Wenshi , Zhu Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe optimal operation analysis plays an important role in estimating the expected return of investment for power systems. However, this work could be highly challenging under the context of active distribution network, where a variety of renewable energy sources and emerging active loads (such as Internet data centers) could be penetrated that introduce a high level of nonlinearity and nonconvexity characteristics into the system modeling. To overcome such challenge, this paper presents a new methodological framework based on the improvements of symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm to address the optimal operation problem of active distribution systems containing renewable energy sources and datacenter resources, aiming to provide a practical tool for system analysis, particularly subject to nonconvexity nature of system components. For this purpose, a generic model for the distribution system including wind power, PV, and datacenter resources is first developed, which not only captures the uncertain nature of system components but also accounts for their spatiotemporal flexibility during operation. On this basis, in order to improve the computation efficiency of the problem, the SOS algorithm is improved by designing the selection strategy of random parameters. By using the penalty function method, the concerned problem is expressed as a nonlinear unconstrained optimization problem. The performance of the proposed model and algorithm is examined through comparative studies. It is shown that the proposed method is able to schedule the renewable energy resources and flexible demand of datacenters coordinately to reduce the operation cost of the system significantly in the case study. In addition, the proposed algorithm demonstrates a higher level of accuracy as well as better convergence efficiency compared to other conventional techniques.
Soil erosion and sediment transport in Tanzania: Part II – sedimentological evidence of phased land degradation
Authors: Wynants Maarten , Patrick Aloyce , Munishi Linus , Mtei Kelvin , Bodé Samuel , Taylor Alex , Millward Geoffrey , Roberts Neil , Gilvear David , Ndakidemi Patrick , Boeckx Pascal , Blake William H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil resources in parts of Tanzania are rapidly being depleted by increased rates of soil erosion and downstream sediment transport, threatening ecosystem health, water and livelihood security in the region. However, incomplete understanding to what effect the dynamics of soil erosion and sediment transport are responding to land‐use changes and climatic variability are hindering the actions needed to future‐proof Tanzanian land‐use practices. Complementary environmental diagnostic tools were applied to reconstruct the rates and sources of sedimentation over time in three Tanzanian river systems that have experienced changing land use and climatic conditions. Detailed historical analysis of sediment deposits revealed drastic changes in sediment yield and source contributions. Quantitative sedimentation reconstruction using radionuclide dating showed a 20‐fold increase in sediment yield over the past 120 years. The observed dramatic increase in sediment yield is most likely driven by increasing land‐use pressures. Deforestation, cropland expansion and increasing grazing pressures resulted into accelerating rates of sheet erosion. A regime shift after years of progressive soil degradation and convergence of surface flows resulted into a highly incised landscape, where high amounts of eroded soil from throughout the catchment are rapidly transported downstream by strongly connected ephemeral drainage networks. By integrating complementary spatial and temporal evidence bases, this study demonstrated links between land‐use change, increased soil erosion and downstream sedimentation. Such evidence can guide stakeholders and policy makers in the design of targeted management interventions to safeguard future soil health and water quality.
Assessing the usefulness of survey‐based data in forecasting firms' capital formation: Evidence from Italy
Authors: Giordano Claire , Marinucci Marco , Silvestrini Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile there is a vast macroeconomic literature that singles out the main drivers of capital accumulation in advanced economies during and after the global financial and sovereign debt crises' recessionary phase, there is much less research seeking to identify both models and variables that possess out‐of‐sample forecasting ability for gross fixed capital formation. Moreover, micro‐founded variables are scarcely employed in macroeconomic forecasting of real investment. We fill this gap by considering a battery of univariate and multivariate time series models to forecast investment of nonfinancial corporations in Italy, an interesting case study due to its steep downturn during the two aforementioned crises. We find that a vector error correction model augmented with firm survey‐based variables accounting for business confidence, demand uncertainty and financing constraints generally outperforms the autoregressive benchmark, and a series of competing multivariate time series models in various, alternative, evaluation samples that take into account the impact of both the global financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis on forecast accuracy.
Identification of the promising Ziziphus spina‐christi (L.) Willd. genotypes using pomological and chemical proprieties
Authors: Zandiehvakili Golnar , Khadivi Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZiziphus spina‐christi (L.) Willd. is a multi‐purpose plant and is very popular found in local markets because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. The present work was carried out to study morphological and chemical properties of native accessions of this species. There were significant differences among the accessions investigated based on the morphological and chemical characters. Total phenolic content ranged from 4.84 to 49.58 mg/g fresh weight (FW). Total flavonoid content varied from 0.45 to 2.29 mg/g FW. Antioxidant activity measured with DPPH ranged from 0.32 to 16.99 mg/g FW, while it ranged from 6.64 to 84.15 µM FeSO4 FW with the FRAP method. The total phenol content showed significant and positive correlations with total flavonoid content (r = 0.33), antioxidant activity obtained with DPPH (r = 0.85), and antioxidant activity obtained with FRAP (r = 0.54). The ward dendrograms divided the accessions studied into two major clusters based on morphological and chemical characteristics. Based on the traits related to fruit quality such as fruit weight, fruit skin color, and fruit flavor, as well as in terms of chemical characteristics related to medicinal properties such as total flavonoids and antioxidant activity, 17 accessions were superior that could be used in breeding programs or cultivated directly. The present results can be used in defining conservation strategies, genetic improvement, and crop production.
A phylogenetic analysis of the wild Tulipa species (Liliaceae) of Kosovo based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequence
Authors: Hajdari Avni , Pulaj Bledar , Schmiderer Corinna , Mala Xhavit , Wilson Brett , Lluga‐Rizani Kimete , Mustafa Behxhet 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Kosovo, the genus Tulipa is represented by eight taxa, most of which form a species complex surrounding Tulipa scardica. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship of these Tulipa species a Bayesian analysis was undertaken using the ITS nuclear marker and trnL‐trnF, rbcL and psbA‐trnH plastid markers. The resulting phylogenetic trees show that Kosovarian Tulipa species consistently group into two main clades, the subgenera Eriostemones and Tulipa. Furthermore, our analyses provide some evidence that the subspecies of Tulipa sylvestris are genetically distinguishable, however not significantly enough to support their reclassification as species. In contrast, the markers provide some novel information to reassess the species concepts of the T. scardica complex. Our data provide support for the synonymisation of Tulipa luanica and Tulipa kosovarica under the species Tulipa serbica. Resolution and sampling limitations hinder any concrete conclusion about whether Tulipa albanica and T. scardica are true species, yet our data do provide some support that these are unique taxa and therefore should continue to be treated as such until further clarification. Overall, our work shows that genetic data will be important in determining species concepts in this genus, however, even with a molecular perspective pulling apart closely related taxa can be extremely challenging.