bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development strategy of beverage straws for environmental load reduction
Authors: Zhou Xi , Yi Cen , Deng Dexiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The destruction of the ecological environment by white pollution is a serious threat to the survival and development of mankind, and the small drinking straws have become the main plastic waste increasing the environmental load due to their huge daily use. In line with the background of the strongest “Plastic bags ban”, plastic drinking straws are completely removed from the shelves, and the sustainable development strategy of drinking straws is explored from many aspects, such as the development of new environmentally friendly material drinking straws, beverage price incentive mechanism, public guidance and brand reputation win-win, policy promotion and market activation.
Antiplatelet therapy with or without anticoagulant therapy for lower extremity peripheral artery disease: A systematic review
Authors: Rahmatian Donna , Barry Arden R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To identify randomized controlled trials that compared antiplatelet monotherapy to combination antiplatelet plus anticoagulant therapy and evaluated major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or major adverse limb events (MALE), death, or bleeding in patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Summary
A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases revealed 5 trials. Two trials consisted of patients with stable PAD, while 3 trials examined patients with PAD post revascularization. Antiplatelet therapy was mostly aspirin (81-325 mg daily), and anticoagulation included rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily or warfarin. Duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 38 months. Two trials had low risk of bias, whereas 3 trials had high/unclear risk of bias. For patients with stable PAD, one trial showed that use of warfarin (or acenocoumarol) with antiplatelet therapy did not reduce MACE, MALE, or cardiovascular or all-cause death but increased the risk of life-threatening bleeding. A second trial demonstrated that low-dose rivaroxaban plus antiplatelet therapy lowered the risk of MACE and MALE, with no effect in preventing cardiovascular or all-cause death, but increased the risk of major bleeding. For patients with PAD post revascularization receiving warfarin and antiplatelet therapy, 2 trials showed no benefit in MACE or MALE but increased or similar rates of all-cause death and major bleeding. In a third trial, low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin reduced occurrence of the composite of MACE and MALE but increased major bleeding, with no effect on cardiovascular or all-cause death.

Conclusion
Dual-pathway inhibition with low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin reduced MACE and MALE in patients with stable or revascularized PAD, but net clinical benefit is questionable.
‘Surveillance Capitalism, COVID-19 and Social Work’: A Note on Uncertain Future(s)
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrawing on Shoshana Zuboff's (2019) The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, along with additional sources not ordinarily referenced in the social work literature, the article examines some of the economic and political imperatives that are driving forward new surveillance practices. The aspiration is to provide conceptual coordinates enabling practitioners, educators and those receiving social work services to arrive at a theoretically expansive sense of what may be occurring across a societal canvas. The focus is on a cluster of five enmeshed themes: first, what Zuboff means by ‘surveillance capitalism’; second, why this form of capitalism has appeared so quickly over the past couple of decades; third, what the tech corporations, such as Google, seek to achieve; fourth, how surveillance capitalists aim to eliminate chance by refining technologies so as to try and constitute us as predictable human subjects; fifth, the trajectory of surveillance capitalist interventions and how they are ‘doubling down’ on the processes of data extraction. Zuboff’s book was completed prior to the COVID-19 global pandemic and, in the latter part of article, it is argued that the current crisis will result in new forms of surveillance becoming socially embedded.
Relief and the Structure of Intentions in Late Palaeolithic Cave Art
Authors: Hughes Fiona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractArtworks at Lascaux and other late Palaeolithic caves integrate geological features or “relief” of the cave wall in a way that suggests a symbiotic relation between nature and culture. I argue this qualifies as “receptivity to a situation,” which is neither fully active nor merely passive and emerges as a necessary element of the intentions made apparent by such cave art. I argue against prominent interpretations of cave art, including the shamanist account and propose a structural interpretation attentive to particular cases. Seen in this way, cave art displays intentions that are analyzable as having a tripartite structure: mentally directed, embedded in actions and receptive to a situation. Moreover, the latter is the medium through which the other two elements are conjoined. Drawing on a range of archaeological and philosophical resources from both analytical philosophy and phenomenology, I argue that what I call cave art’s “intentional story” is important for the philosophy of intentions more generally.
Effectiveness of integrase strand transfer inhibitor-based regimens in HIV-infected treatment-naive individuals: results from a European multi-cohort study
Authors: Rossetti Barbara , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Di Carlo Domenico , Incardona Francesca , Abecasis Ana , Gomes Perpetua , Geretti Anna Maria , Seguin-Devaux Carole , Garcia Federico , Kaiser Rolf , Modica Sara , Shallvari Adrian , Sönnerborg Anders , Zazzi Maurizio ,   EuResist Network, INTEGRATE study group, Abecasis A , Bobkova M , Seguin-Devaux C , Fabbiani M , Garcia F , Geretti A. M. , Gomes P , Incardona F , Kaiser R , Paredes R , Rossetti B , Sayan M , Sönnerborg A , Vandamme A. M , Zazzi M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
INSTIs have become a pillar of first-line ART. Real-world data are needed to assess their effectiveness in routine care.

Objectives
We analysed ART-naive patients who started INSTI-based regimens in 2012–19 whose data were collected by INTEGRATE, a European collaborative study including seven national cohorts.

Methods
Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed time to virological failure (VF), defined as one viral load (VL) ≥1000 copies/mL, two consecutive VLs ≥50 copies/mL, or one VL ≥50 copies/mL followed by treatment change after ≥24 weeks of follow-up, and time to INSTIs discontinuation (INSTI-DC) for any reason. Factors associated with VF and INSTI-DC were explored by logistic regression analysis.

Results
Of 2976 regimens started, 1901 (63.9%) contained dolutegravir, 631 (21.2%) elvitegravir and 444 (14.9%) raltegravir. The 1 year estimated probabilities of VF and INSTI-DC were 5.6% (95% CI 4.5–6.7) and 16.2% (95% CI 14.9–17.6), respectively, and were higher for raltegravir versus both elvitegravir and dolutegravir. A baseline VL ≥100 000 copies/mL [adjusted HR (aHR) 2.17, 95% CI 1.55–3.04, P &lt; 0.001] increased the risk of VF, while a pre-treatment CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm3 reduced the risk (aHR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37–0.74, P &lt; 0.001). Predictors of INSTI-DC included use of raltegravir versus dolutegravir (aHR 3.03, 95% CI 2.34–3.92, P &lt; 0.001), use of &gt;3 drugs versus 3 drugs (aHR 2.73, 95% CI 1.55–4.79, P &lt; 0.001) and starting ART following availability of dolutegravir (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48–0.83, P = 0.001). Major INSTI mutations indicative of transmitted drug resistance occurred in 2/1114 (0.2%) individuals.

Conclusions
This large multi-cohort study indicates high effectiveness of elvitegravir- or dolutegravir-based first-line ART in routine practice across Europe.
Incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) related to antibiotic prescribing by GP surgeries in Wales
Authors: Tydeman Florence , Craine Noel , Kavanagh Kimberley , Adams Helen , Reynolds Rosy , McClure Victoria , Hughes Harriet , Hickman Matt , Robertson Chris 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a healthcare-acquired infection (HAI) causing significant morbidity and mortality. Welsh CDI rates are high in comparison with those in England and Scotland.

Objectives
This retrospective ecological study used aggregated disease surveillance data to understand the impact of total and high-risk Welsh GP antibiotic prescribing on total and stratified inpatient/non-inpatient CDI incidence.

Methods
All cases of confirmed CDI, during the financial years 2014–15 to 2017–18, were linked to aggregated rates of antibiotic prescribing in their GP surgery and classified as ‘inpatient’, ‘non-inpatient’ or ‘unknown’ by Public Health Wales. Multivariable negative-binomial regression models, comparing CDI incidence with antibiotic prescribing rates, were adjusted for potential confounders: location; age; social deprivation; comorbidities (estimated from prevalence of key health indicators) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescription rates.

Results
There were 4613 confirmed CDI cases, with an incidence (95% CI) of 1.44 (1.40–1.48) per 1000 registered patients. Unadjusted analysis showed that an increased risk of total CDI incidence was associated with higher total antibiotic prescribing [relative risk (RR) (95% CI) = 1.338 (1.170–1.529) per 1000 items per 1000 specific therapeutic group age-sex related GP prescribing units (STAR-PU)] and that high-risk antibiotic classes were positively associated with total CDI incidence. Location, age ≥65 years and diabetes were associated with increased risk of CDI. After adjusting for confounders, prescribing of clindamycin showed a positive association with total CDI incidence [RR (95% CI) = 1.079 (1.001–1.162) log items per 1000 registered patients].

Conclusions
An increased risk of CDI is demonstrated at a primary care practice population level, reflecting their antibiotic prescribing rates, particularly clindamycin, and population demographics.
Adolescents’ Exposure to and Experiences of Weight Stigma During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lessard Leah M , Puhl Rebecca M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased attention to the proliferation of pediatric obesity amidst significant changes in weight-related health functioning (e.g., compromised physical activity, limited food access, increased stress). The present cross-sectional study investigated adolescents’ feelings about their bodies and perceived changes in weight stigma from peers, parents, and social media during the pandemic.

Methods
Four hundred fifty-two adolescents (11–17 years old) completed an online survey during the Fall of 2020. Measures assessed perceived changes in exposure to weight stigmatizing social media content (stress eating jokes, weight gain memes) and experiences of weight stigma (weight-based bullying, teasing, hurtful comments) by parents and peers, as well as body dissatisfaction, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Weight status and gender were examined as individual difference variables.

Results
The majority (53%) of adolescents reported increased exposure to at least one form of weight stigmatizing social media content during the pandemic. Additionally, pandemic-related increases in body dissatisfaction were prevalent (41%), especially among girls with higher body mass index (≥85th percentile; 67%). On average, the extent to which adolescents experienced weight-based mistreatment from parents and peers remained consistent with their pre-pandemic experiences.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings highlight changes in the social messages that adolescents receive about their bodies, as well as their subjective body satisfaction, during the pandemic. Results underscore the need for healthcare providers and mental health professionals to be aware of the potential rise in weight stigma during the pandemic, and encourage families and schools to engage in supportive, rather than stigmatizing, weight-related communication with youth.
How to approach problems in dementia
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are several general strategies for managing problems in individuals with dementia. The ABCs of Behavior Change method identifies the antecedents and consequences surrounding a behavior, which can help you discover its cause, track it, and try different interventions to change it. The 4Rs—reassure, reconsider, redirect, and relax—provide some rules of thumb that you can use even in middle of a difficult situation. Lastly, the Three Time Principles can help you improve communication by taking your time, asking for only one thing at a time, and offering timely praise. We recommend that you try the 4Rs first, then the Three Time Principles, and finally the ABCs of Behavior Change.
How to manage language problems
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although language may become impaired by dementia, communication with your loved one is still possible. Speak clearly and slowly in a quiet environment. Help them obtain hearing aids, if needed. Reading and writing may be beneficial for those who have hearing or speech problems and mild dementia. Speech therapy may also benefit those with mild dementia and trouble talking. Pictures can often compensate for a variety of comprehension and communication problems. Gestures, body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and other nonlinguistic and nonverbal communication can be useful, both in person and over a video phone. Lastly, remember that emotional communication is often preserved in dementia.
How to manage problems with bodily functions
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although dementia can disrupt many bodily functions, there are ways you can help your loved one and yourself. Determine the cause of any falls and work proactively to prevent future ones. If their walking is impaired, work with a physical therapist to improve it. To reduce incontinence, use a toileting schedule, decrease fluid intake before bed, and plan ahead when you go on outings. Make meals more enticing by increasing the flavor and spice of food. Use heavy silverware and mugs to dampen tremors. Improve swallowing and reduce choking by altering the consistency of solid foods and liquids and consider a swallowing evaluation. Reduce the difficulties inherent in activities requiring skilled or complicated movements to the extent possible. Lessen scratching and picking by treating medical problems and dry skin; cover the arms if needed.
Why and how should you care for yourself?
Authors: Budson Andrew E. , O’Connor Maureen K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Caregivers experience higher rates of emotional and physical illness. They are often so focused on taking good care of others that they put themselves last. This is particularly true for the sandwich generation caring for aging parents and growing children. Remember, you can’t pour from an empty cup. In order to care for others, you must take care of yourself. This means scheduling time for your physical and emotional health. Exercise regularly. Sleep well. Eat a healthy diet. Limit alcohol intake. Get medical care. Maintain your social connections. Take time for yourself. Learn relaxation techniques. Seek professional help when needed. Look for the joys of caregiving.
The Meaning of Mortality in Modern Life
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter contextualizes Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in relation to growing societal interest in the psychological impact of disease and the central role of healthcare providers in managing the threat of mortality and the end of life. There has been increasing recognition that the enormous investment in biotechnology and aggressive medical interventions for advanced disease has not been matched by complementary attention to the human dimensions of these conditions. There is now a growing public voice of patients and their families for more support in managing the psychological, emotional, and spiritual elements of advanced disease. The global palliative care movement emerged to address these unmet needs, but there has been less systematic attention in this field to the relief of psychological than physical suffering. CALM is a psychosocial intervention that is uniquely integrated with oncology and palliative care and focused on the psychological and social dimensions of advanced cancer.
One Thousand Lives
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the foundational contributions of early leaders in psychosocial oncology and palliative care that informed the development of the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention. This includes the collective works of such pioneers as Kübler-Ross, Glaser and Strauss, and Pattison, which were instrumental in the development of psychosocial interventions such as CALM. The research conducted by our team with advanced cancer patients and their families over two decades is also described, highlighting the longitudinal Will to Live Study. In that study over 700 patients with advanced cancer were assessed at baseline and over 400 were followed longitudinally until the end of life, deepening our understanding of their experience over the trajectory of this disease. The findings of this research confirmed the need for an intervention such as CALM and helped to shape its nature and form.
Mentalization and Mortality
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter elucidates the concepts of mentalization and double awareness. Mentalization refers to the ability to reflect on and describe one’s own mental state and that of others and to connect feelings, thoughts, and beliefs to behaviours. This capacity varies amongst individuals and may fluctuate, based on the affective state, the relational context, and the nature of the conversation. Though it is often considered to be an individual capacity, we have argued that mentalization is a relational construct that is co-produced within therapeutic conversations. A mentalization-based therapy, such as CALM, can help patients to “think about their thinking,” and to consider multiple and alternate ways of viewing their situation. Mentalization may be supported by gentle invitations to patients to consider multiple perspectives and to expand the possibilities for living while facing the end of life, a capacity that we have termed “double awareness.” Using detailed conversation analysis, this chapter illustrates the process by which therapists encourage mentalization in CALM therapy.
Treatment Decisions and the Therapeutic Process
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers the challenges of treatment decision-making for patients with incurable disease and the benefits of having a neutral space for reflection. Though respect for patients’ autonomy, shared decision-making, and informed consent are considered to be central to modern healthcare, adherence to these principles may seem illusory when patients are desperate and when the risks and benefits of treatment are ambiguous. The potential challenges to patient autonomy and informed consent are explored in this chapter, with particular reference to the context of phase one trials. In this setting, the intent of the treatment may easily be misconstrued by patients (therapeutic misconception) and the chances of benefits versus risks incorrectly estimated by them (therapeutic misestimation). This chapter explores the value of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) in providing a neutral space for reflection and in allowing patients to explore their preferences regarding treatment while also considering the views of their healthcare providers and family members.
The Experience of CALM Training
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the central role of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) training and supervision in refining the CALM intervention and in building a supportive community of peers for clinicians. The elements of CALM training are outlined. In both the introductory and advanced CALM workshops, actual cases have been vital in illustrating CALM content and process. Representative clinical encounters have been provided with the aid of trained actors or by presentation of actual videotaped CALM sessions. These workshops have been highly rated by trainees, with clinician attendees often feeling inspired and supported in their work as a result of CALM training. The benefits of CALM training are evident in the implementation of CALM in various settings in Asia, Europe, and in North and South America.
From Our Clinic, Across the Globe
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter outlines the engagement of both local and international colleagues with Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) and highlights its universal themes and applicability across various cultures and settings. The Global CALM program, which has trained thousands of individuals to date, is introduced and the keys to successful CALM implementation in international sites are presented. Finally, several current CALM research projects are summarized and the expanding international research supported by the Global CALM program is described.
The Structure and Process of CALM
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter delineates the features that have fostered success in Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) therapy. Patient characteristics, the format, session tasks, and process elements of CALM that have been associated with positive outcomes are described. The importance of the therapeutic relationship in the context of advanced and life-threatening disease, and the need for empathic attunement, genuineness, deep listening, emotional presence, and regular supervision and peer support are highlighted. General guidelines and tasks for the first, middle, and final session are outlined. Finally, the key elements of the CALM therapeutic process that contribute to its therapeutic effect are outlined.
Utilizing Measures in Clinical Practice and Supervision
Authors: Rodin Gary , Hales Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This chapter specifies the quantitative measures that are regularly administered as part of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) and describes the role of ongoing peer supervision in CALM therapy. The value of administering quantitative measures assessing death anxiety, attachment security, depression, quality of life at the end of life, and perceived clinical benefit is described. The format of CALM supervision is outlined and the benefits of ongoing peer supervision for ensuring treatment integrity, fostering skill development, refining the intervention, and managing the tensions inherent in psychotherapeutic work in the context of advanced cancer are emphasized.