bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Great Communicators and political reconstruction: A comparative study between President Ronald Reagan and President Barack Obama
Authors:   , Warren Micheal D. 
Published: November 2021

<p>Presidents come into office wanting to make America a better place, and Stephen Skowronek’s recurring model of presidential authority is perfectly suited when comparing one president to another, across political time. President Ronald Reagan was categorised as a reconstructive president alongside Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and Franklin D Roosevelt, according to Skowronek’s model; at the end of his first term, President Obama’s has the potential to be remembered as the sixth president of reconstruction. While the nature of reconstruction has changed and has become more superficial with the ageing of the United States political system, Obama’s reconstructive potential is no less potent than that of Jefferson, Jackson and Lincoln. The passing of Health Care reform is Obama’s biggest achievement of his presidency to date and is one of the biggest domestic reforms undertaken since the 1960s. Looking ahead to Obama’s second term, further progress looks possible to enhance his reconstructive potential. If Obama can secure immigration reform, then he will give 12 million illegal immigrants the chance to come out from the shadows and work toward residency and legally live the American dream. With the election and re-election of Obama by an emerging majority made up of women, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and young Americans, the Age of Reagan that existed, has now been replaced by a more diverse coalition. If a democrat can win the White House in 2016, it will truly mean that the Age of Obama has begun. Obama’s most potent legacy will become more evident in the years to come as many Americans will not remember what the unemployment rate was when he assumed office or what it was when he left office. The partisan bickering that dominated for much of Obama’s first term will have faded into distant memory, but what will shine through from the Obama presidency is opportunity. Americans will never forget how Obama changed the limits of possibility for generations to come. Today there are ten year old African-American, Hispanic and Asian-American children all over the United States who believe that, because of the Obama presidency, they too can one day become president. That in itself is hugely reconstructive and by being elected President, Obama has achieved something more potent than any other reconstructive presidents could have ever achieved.</p>
Processors and Processes: Exploring Computational Design and Landscape Architecture
Authors:   , Belesky Philip 
Published: November 2021

<p>The computer can be a highly efficient drafting table. It can also be much more. Architects can use programming to engage with the computer on its own terms, and in doing so gain a better understanding of complex geometric, structural, or conceptual design scenarios. This ‘computational approach’ to design is increasingly common in architecture, but comparatively rare within landscape architecture. In this thesis I examine how and why landscape architects might employ computational design. I start by reviewing the work of computational architects and landscape urbanists. I identify that both emphasize diagrammatic and processual strategies as a means to confront complexity and indeterminism within the design process. However, this conceptual overlap masks a technological divergence, as computational tools are presently ill-suited to the needs of landscape architects. Their focus should be shifted away from formal exploration and towards the analysis, simulation, and generation of landscape systems. Doing so would offer landscape architects new forms of representation that would overcome some of the current limitations within their design process. To test this proposition, I create a series of generative tools, or ‘patterns’, that use computational techniques to model ecological systems. This pattern-based approach introduces a methodology that improves the accessibility and flexibility of computational design. These patterns are applied in tandem with standard computational techniques to create a concept design for a post-industrial landscape. Through this research I identify computation as a powerful tool for designing landscapes. The conceptual and technical methodologies it offers enable landscape architects to better understand and explore open-ended and indeterminate systems. Computation offers a novel opportunity to combine conceptual openness and technical rigour when designing complex landscapes.</p>
New Zealand Secondary School Teachers' Perceptions and Practices Toward Curriculum Integration
Authors:   , Arrowsmith Susan 
Published: November 2021

<p>Curriculum integration is an approach that aims to integrate teaching across traditional subject boundaries. Curriculum integration has received a growing level of interest in recent years in New Zealand, even from secondary schools that up until now have largely retained disciplinary boundaries. However, in spite of this recent popularity, curriculum integration remains a contested concept in terms of its definition, theoretical grounding, and practice, and we still know very little about how and why teachers are enacting this idea. This study investigated New Zealand secondary school teachers’ perceptions and practices pertaining to curriculum integration. Participants included 25 teachers and senior managers from four New Zealand secondary schools currently employing curriculum integration. A collective case study design was utilised, gathering qualitative data through focus group sessions, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. The data was analysed thematically. The findings indicated that teachers’ theoretical understanding of integration was limited, and that most of the programmes were pragmatically founded. Factors that appeared to enhance the success of curriculum integration were the historical roots, whether the programme was initiated by teachers or senior managers, the type and degree of integration employed, if the programme ran as a special curriculum or across the whole school, the level of support received, and the timing of the programmes. It was apparent that whilst curriculum integration has been advocated by the New Zealand Curriculum, there are still many challenges for secondary schools wishing to employ it. If this is indeed an area of future growth, then the Ministry of Education have a responsibility to provide a clear definition of, and professional development for, curriculum integration. This would help to strengthen the progressive, integrated curriculum espoused in the New Zealand Curriculum so that it is on far less shaky ground than at present.</p>
"It's a... does it matter?": Theorising "boy or girl" binary classifications, intersexuality and medical practice in New Zealand
Authors:   , Christmas Geraldine 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis investigates the clinical management of intersexuality in New Zealand and support for intersex New Zealanders and their families. My research is informed by the narratives of New Zealanders with intersex conditions, parents of children with intersex conditions, registered nurses, specialist clinicians, representatives from community/support organisations and a former member of parliament. This thesis also investigates medical teaching in New Zealand: not only about intersex anatomy but two key issues which shape society – gender and sexuality. Feminist, postmodern and queer theorising about these issues also inform this thesis in relation to traditional assumptions about gender and sexuality, and medical recommendations for sex assignment and rearing. Historical accounts of societal attitudes and medical thinking towards sex classification, sexuality and intersexuality also inform this thesis. Despite New Zealand's reputation as an egalitarian democracy, my findings show that judgemental attitudes towards difference still exist in parts of New Zealand society. This is discussed with reference to poststructuralist and oral history theorising about societal power structures and research on sensitive topics. Undertaking research in New Zealand, on what can be regarded as a sensitive topic, can be difficult in terms of maintaining confidentiality in a small population. The implications of practising medicine in New Zealand are highlighted as, due to its smaller population, the number of intersex individuals coming to clinicians' attention is small compared to some other countries. From my findings, it appears that specialist clinicians and medical schools in New Zealand rely on medical models from other countries with larger populations, which have a greater number of babies born with intersex conditions and consequently more specialised medical practice and education. The narratives of intersex people and their parents also highlight the implications of living in a smaller population. This is not only with regard to medical experiences (such as hospitals which often have little experience of intersex issues), but also societal prejudices and judgements towards lesser known variations of sexual anatomy.</p>
Discourses of Vulnerability: Kiribati, I-Kiribati Women and Forced Migration Due to Climate Change
Authors:   , Mansfield Holly 
Published: November 2021

<p>Discourses of vulnerability abound in climate change literature; both particular types of places and particular groups of people are routinely considered especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Such discourses are employed by the international community in a technical manner—attempting to categorise current and expected degrees of impact on places and populations—and also to support the advocacy of urgent action to respond to climate change. This thesis examines the manner in which discourses of vulnerability are being invoked in discussions about the impacts of climate change and considers what impact this has on the people and places that are being described in this way. This research focuses specifically on Kiribati and I-Kiribati women and explores, in particular, how the debate about forced migration (as a possible outcome of climate change) has been shaped by vulnerability discourses. Both Kiribati, as a specific type of geographical entity, and women, as a category of people, have been described as having extreme vulnerability to climate change. It is not new for either Pacific Islands or women to be framed as “vulnerable”; however with the increased attention to climate change, vulnerability discourses are being used with such frequency that it is virtually impossible to find literature on the Pacific and women that does not reference their vulnerability. The use of such an emotive term raises questions. Who is naming and claiming vulnerability? What impact does such language have on those that are portrayed in this way? And, what are the long-term consequences of such terminology being used? Interesting questions are also raised regarding discursive similarities between presentations of vulnerable women and vulnerable islands. This thesis addresses these questions by analysing international literature on climate change and forced migration—especially that produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—between 1990 and 2007, and contrasting this with close analysis of public discourse from two vocal I-Kiribati advocates, Pelenise Alofa and Maria Tiimon, from 2009 to 2011. Conclusions are drawn from this analysis regarding the power relationships embedded in discourse, and the possible ramifications of language use for the construction of policy.</p>
Research Topics in Empirical Processes
Authors:   , Ball Christopher 
Published: November 2021

<p>The first chapter consists of an overview of the theory of empirical processes, covering an introduction to empirical processes in R, uniform empirical processes and function parametric empirical processes in Section 1.1. Section 1.2 contains an overview of the theory related to the law of the iterated logarithm for Brownian motion and the modulus of continuity for Brownian motion. Section 1.3 contains the theory of the limiting processes for the empirical process, most importantly Brownian motion, Brownian bridge and the connections and relationships between them, with distributions of selected statistics of Brownian motion and Brownian bridge derived from reflection principles. Section 1.4 contains an overview of the theory required to prove central limit results for the empirical processes, covering the theory of the space C and Donsker’s theorem. The second chapter covers research topics, starting with Fourier analysis of mixture distributions and associated theory in Section 2.1. Section 2.2 covers findings in a research problem about non-linear autoregressive processes. Section 2.3 introduces a martingale approach to testing a regression model. Section 2.4 links the theory of ranks and sequential ranks to the theory of empirical processes.</p>
Te Pikinga O Tōku Tuakiri: The ascent of self-identity
Authors:   , Pia Ariana 
Published: November 2021

<p>This research questions whether considering Māori concepts of architecture and space within the design of New Zealand prisons can help in the rehabilitation process of inmates of Māori descent. First, the general concept of prison architecture will be researched. The panopticon as a general diagram as well as specific case studies will frame an understanding of the characteristics of prison architecture in the western sphere. A specific attention to interior architecture will be established. Second, the link between cultural experience and rehabilitation will be distinguished primarily through analysis of Māori Focus Units. Third, the notions of Māori perception and understanding of architectural space will be explored in a general context. More particularly, characteristics of interior architecture will be researched. Fourth, a site will be selected to reflect the contentious issues of incarceration of the Māori population. Matiu/Somes Island, located in the Wellington harbour, is a reflection of historical Māori culture and lifestyles that form a base of beliefs and mythology that modern Māori can identify with. The island itself is a provocation due to its history of incarceration. This thesis is of interior architecture; hence the design will be developed within the constraints of a given architectural envelope. While this is an assumed position, the interior architecture will challenge the given envelope and its contextual site. As a consequence, further interventions into the landscape and the architecture will be developed to sustain the interior architecture here developed. It is anticipated that this research will therefore support the idea that interior architecture of New Zealand prisons must be developed as an integral part of a holistic spatial intervention in view of supporting the rehabilitation process of Māori inmates.</p>
'Pākēhā Librarianship at the Interface': Being an ally in Māori student success through teaching and learning information literacies
Authors:   , Ritchie Alexander J. R. 
Published: November 2021

<p>Research problem: Emerging from significant bicultural change within Aotearoa New Zealand libraries in the past 25 years, this research examines and attempts to implement an relationshipbased, culturally relevant approach to teaching and learning information literacy in an academic library, building on an approach outline by Roy, Lilley and Luehrsen (2011). Methodology: This exploratory study employed an action research methodology and was conducted within the Division of Sciences at Otago University. It sought to consult Māori staff and senior postgraduates, and then develop a teaching intervention for undergraduate Māori science students, then evaluate it with them. Weaving a research framework incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, Research at the Interface, & Pākēhā as Ally of Tino Rangatiratanga, it was planned in three stages; observe & plan; act; and evaluate. Results: Only the initial stage was able to be carried out due to time constraints.Preliminary findings cover six main themes addressing student support and information literacy teaching with undergraduate Māori science students, including: the challenges of 'crossing the library threshold' and sustaining student engagement, developing ongoing relationships of integrity and reciprocity in the library, holistic student development and recognising student diversity, and finally culturally-relevant teaching for effective learning. Reflections on researching as pākēhā with Māori staff and students at in university context, and noted the importance of timing and place in supporting Māori students, and the need for relationships of integrity and mutual respect enabled by ongoing communication. Implications: Academic libraries can improve support for Māori student success at University, and pākehā librarians must take a role supporting this work. Culturally-relevant models of teaching and learning information literacy, combined with attention to developing relationships of trust, reciprocity and mutual respect, may improve Māori student success and support development of both library staff and relevant, effective library services. Future research could examine the use of storytelling and song in 'interface' information literacies teaching and learning as well as investigating mixed methods evaluation of this approach, and explore cross-cultural rituals of encounter in the library.</p>
Regenerative Architecture: An Application of Regionalist Sustainability in New Zealand Dairy Farming Practice
Authors:   , Whitehead Jacob 
Published: November 2021

<p>Over the past decade the New Zealand dairy industry has undergone unparalleled expansion in the agricultural sector. The influence of globalised market competition, beginning in 1985, has resulted in significant changes to the operation and scale of production of New Zealand farm conditions. With this, there have been a series of changes to the physical form of farming in New Zealand - most notably in a shift towards larger and more intensive practice. The term 'factory farming' has taken a unique and contextual evolution within these conditions, leading to questions of sustainability. Sustainability in this setting is often defined by production growth and trade conditions before more humanistic issues of social and ecological welfare. Similar to the competing perspectives of New Zealand dairy farm sustainability, the discipline of architecture faces a wide and complex field of approaches to sustainable practice. The views of researcher, Steven Moore, are focused on in this study with regard to the contested definitions of architectural sustainability. He advocates a regionalist approach in the belief that sustainability is better defined by local circumstance than a universal best approach. Moore's theory of non-modem regionalism and regenerative architecture are utilised in this thesis as a means of questioning the issues faced in New Zealand dairy farm sustainability. This study applies Moore's concept of a regenerative architecture in New Zealand dairy farming to cultivate improved social and ecological conditions. The architectural consequence of this discussion is in the form of a future mixed-use prototype for Canterbury dairy farming practice. This design explores the relationship between architecture, place and regionalist concepts of sustainability to improve the social and ecological attributes of this cultural setting. By taking a multidisciplinary approach to toward environmentally and socially sustainable dairy farming practices the design produces an integrated system that identifies with Moore's regenerative strategy. The study concludes that further architectural investigations into this setting could potentially influence and improve the future health and sustainability of the industry.</p>
'At the heart of the matter': A comparative analysis of youth justice transformation between New Zealand and South Africa
Authors:   , Shearar Ashley 
Published: November 2021

<p>During the mid-1980s, Māori families challenged New Zealand’s social welfare system, reclaiming their right to be involved in decisions about their children. Around the same time, parents and community groups protested the detention of hundreds of children in South Africa during the Apartheid era. These experiences helped shape both countries’ youth justice systems, which reflect restorative justice principles and international standards for children’s rights. The research reported here is the first in-depth comparative analysis to compare New Zealand and South Africa’s journeys to alter their youth justice systems. It asks the following key questions: ∙ What were the key conceptual influences that shaped youth justice transformation in New Zealand and South Africa? ∙ What do both countries’ experiences of youth justice transformation reveal about the role of individuals, advocacy coalitions, and international influences in shaping policy and practice? Using a phenomenological research approach, key role players from both countries were interviewed. These interviews discovered that social entrepreneurial factors gave direction to policy outcomes. All participants described their commitment to changing the status quo following their exposure to the inhumane conditions experienced by children and young people in conflict with the law. This prompted them to promote policies that diverted children from the justice system and prevented re-offending while still holding children to account for their behaviour and encouraging them to repair the harm. The participants explained their motivation to find policy solutions that empowered children, families, and victims. In both countries, social entrepreneurs resisted opposition and joined forces to develop convincing arguments for their position. This research confirmed the advantages of government support to advance social entrepreneurial ventures. Policy transfer was also found to play a role in the change processes in both countries. This study identifies how both New Zealand and South Africa have lent their policies internationally to contribute to practical youth justice changes in countries seeking to adhere to international standards and to incorporate restorative justice principles. Significant contributions include New Zealand’s family group conference, which has inspired several jurisdictions, as well as South Africa’s diversion programmes, which have particularly benefitted other African countries.</p>