bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic Citizenship in the EFL Classroom: Granting the Local a Voice Through English
Authors: Awayed‐Bishara Muzna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article examines the constitutive role of English as a foreign language (EFL) as a cultural discourse of action and empowerment through which teachers in marginalized, specifically conflict‐ridden, educational contexts act as agents of social and educational change. Although current approaches to teaching English accentuate its transformative role, EFL pedagogies still often reproduce hegemonic and exclusionary ideologies. Drawing on an ethnographic EFL classroom case study, the author conducts a critical discourse analysis of dialogue journals within the theoretical frameworks of foreign language education, critical pedagogies, and linguistic citizenship. The article examines the dynamics surrounding the way two preservice Palestinian Arab teachers in Israel respond to imposed linguistic and educational subjectivities, and their political agency in contesting unequal EFL policies. Contesting exclusionary ideologies in EFL textbooks, fostering dialogicity in EFL classrooms, and increasing students’ agency and reflexivity in EFL programs could strategically promote the discursive role of English as an instrumental tool for implementing local–global understanding and social justice. English, in this sense, offers an important discursive terrain for teachers and learners to negotiate conflicts and engage in justice‐oriented dialogue.
Genomics‐assisted breeding for successful development of multiple‐stress‐tolerant, climate‐smart rice for southern and southeastern Asia
Authors: Yadav Shailesh , Sandhu Nitika , Dixit Shalabh , Singh Vikas Kumar , Catolos Margaret , Mazumder Ratna Rani , Rahman Mohammad Akhlasur , Kumar Arvind 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) in rainfed marginal environments is prone to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses, which can occur in combination in a single cropping season and adversely affect rice growth and yield. The present study was undertaken to develop high‐yielding, climate‐resilient rice that can provide tolerance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. An assembled first‐crossing scheme was employed to transfer 15 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes—qDTY1.1, qDTY2.1, qDTY3.1, qDTY12.1 (drought), Sub1 (submergence), Gm4 (gall midge), Pi9, Pita2 (blast), Bph3, Bph17 (brown plant hoppers), Xa4, xa5, xa13, Xa21, and Xa23 (bacterial leaf blight)—from eight different parents using genomics‐assisted breeding. A funnel mating design was employed to assemble all the targeted QTL and genes into a high‐yielding breeding line IR 91648‐B‐1‐B‐3‐1. Gene‐based linked markers were used in each generation from intercrossing to the F6 generation for tracking the presence of desirable alleles of targeted QTL and genes. Single‐plant selections were performed from F2 onwards to select desirable recombinants possessing alleles of interest with suitable phenotypes. Phenotyping of 95 homozygous F6 lines carrying six to 10 QTL and genes was performed for nonstress, reproductive‐stage (RS) drought, blast, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), gall midge (GM), and for grain quality parameters such as chalkiness, amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), and head rice recovery (HRR). Finally, 56 F7 homozygous lines were found promising for multiple‐location evaluation for grain yield (GY) and other traits. These multiple‐stress‐tolerant lines with the desired grain quality profiling can be targeted for varietal release in southern and southeastern Asia through national release systems.
Status and prospects of genome‐wide association studies in plants
Authors: Tibbs Cortes Laura , Zhang Zhiwu , Yu Jianming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have developed into a powerful and ubiquitous tool for the investigation of complex traits. In large part, this was fueled by advances in genomic technology, enabling us to examine genome‐wide genetic variants across diverse genetic materials. The development of the mixed model framework for GWAS dramatically reduced the number of false positives compared with naïve methods. Building on this foundation, many methods have since been developed to increase computational speed or improve statistical power in GWAS. These methods have allowed the detection of genomic variants associated with either traditional agronomic phenotypes or biochemical and molecular phenotypes. In turn, these associations enable applications in gene cloning and in accelerated crop breeding through marker assisted selection or genetic engineering. Current topics of investigation include rare‐variant analysis, synthetic associations, optimizing the choice of GWAS model, and utilizing GWAS results to advance knowledge of biological processes. Ongoing research in these areas will facilitate further advances in GWAS methods and their applications.
Translational animal models for Alzheimer's disease: An Alzheimer's Association Business Consortium Think Tank
Authors: Vitek Michael P. , Araujo Joseph A. , Fossel Michael , Greenberg Barry D. , Howell Gareth R. , Rizzo Stacey J. Sukoff , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Tenner Andrea J. , Territo Paul R. , Windisch Manfred , Bain Lisa J. , Ross April , Carrillo Maria C. , Lamb Bruce T. , Edelmayer Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver 5 million Americans and 50 million individuals worldwide are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progressive dementia associated with AD currently has no cure. Although clinical trials in patients are ultimately required to find safe and effective drugs, animal models of AD permit the integration of brain pathologies with learning and memory deficits that are the first step in developing these new drugs. The purpose of the Alzheimer's Association Business Consortium Think Tank meeting was to address the unmet need to improve the discovery and successful development of Alzheimer's therapies. We hypothesize that positive responses to new therapies observed in validated models of AD will provide predictive evidence for positive responses to these same therapies in AD patients. To achieve this goal, we convened a meeting of experts to explore the current state of AD animal models, identify knowledge gaps, and recommend actions for development of next‐generation models with better predictability. Among our findings, we all recognize that models reflecting only single aspects of AD pathogenesis do not mimic AD. Models or combinations of new models are needed that incorporate genetics with environmental interactions, timing of disease development, heterogeneous mechanisms and pathways, comorbidities, and other pathologies that lead to AD and related dementias. Selection of the best models requires us to address the following: (1) which animal species, strains, and genetic backgrounds are most appropriate; (2) which models permit efficient use throughout the drug development pipeline; (3) the translatability of behavioral‐cognitive assays from animals to patients; and (4) how to match potential AD therapeutics with particular models. Best practice guidelines to improve reproducibility also need to be developed for consistent use of these models in different research settings. To enhance translational predictability, we discuss a multi‐model evaluation strategy to de‐risk the successful transition of pre‐clinical drug assets to the clinic.
Why do veterinarians leave clinical practice? A qualitative study using thematic analysis
Authors: Arbe Montoya Alejandra I. , Hazel Susan J. , Matthew Susan M. , McArthur Michelle L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Veterinarians have an important role in society and having an adequate veterinary workforce is important not only for their communities but also nationwide. Lately, there have been anecdotal reports regarding veterinary practices struggling to find clinicians as well as evidence of mental ill‐health in veterinarians. Furthermore, the Australian Veterinary Association annual workforce survey shows an increased percentage of veterinarians intending to leave practice from 2017 to 2019. Although many factors for attrition have been described in other professions, reasons for veterinarians to leave practice are not well understood.Methods: This study investigated why veterinary clinicians leave clinical practice by using Thematic Analysis to analyse 26 semi‐structured interviews of former veterinary clinicians in relation to their work experiences and reasons for leaving. Interviews were done from February–April 2018 either face to face, via teleconferencing, or telephone. Participants were recruited from each Australian state except for New South Wales.Results: The results showed that a combination of personal and work‐related factors influenced the participants to leave clinical practice. In Personal Factors, participants described the internal and external circumstances that impacted on their personal lives such as personal relationships, experiencing negative thoughts and emotions, physical and mental health, core motivations and beliefs, alternative professional and personal interests. On the other hand, Work Experiences described situations, experiences, and statements directly related to the participant's veterinary clinical work such as workplace relationships, employment conditions including remuneration and working hours and clinical experiences such as negative clinical outcomes. Furthermore, interlinkages between these two themes were revealed in participants’ responses.Conclusion: This study highlights factors that contribute to attrition from veterinary clinical practice. The narrative indicates that the interlinking of such factors influenced the decision‐making process to leave clinical practice in this cohort of former veterinary clinicians. Further research is required to understand the full implications for veterinary clinical practice and inform intervention strategies for retention.
Applications of carbon dots on tumour theranostics
Authors: Wu Hao , Su Wen , Xu Huimin , Zhang Yang , Li Yunchao , Li Xiaohong , Fan Louzhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have been extensively investigated as prime candidates for developing tumour theranostic platform due to their tunable fluorescence emission and excitation, good photostability, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Herein, we will update the recent research and latest development on the preparation, hydrophilicity, biotoxicity and optical property of CDs, as well as their applications in multimodal bioimaging and anticancer drug delivery. We will mainly highlight their applications in in vivo imaging and tumour‐targeted theranostics with a special emphasis on large amino acid‐mimicking carbon quantum dots‐based tumour theranostics through a large neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)‐mediated targeted strategy. Finally, we will also discuss the current status, key challenges and future directions of CDs in tumour theranostics. We expect that this review will summarize recent advances to inspire more researches on CDs for biomedical and clinical applications in the near future.
Factorization at subleading power and endpoint divergences in h → γγ decay. Part II. Renormalization and scale evolution
Authors: Liu Ze Long , Mecaj Bianka , Neubert Matthias , Wang Xing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Building on the recent derivation of a bare factorization theorem for the b-quark induced contribution to the h → γγ decay amplitude based on soft-collinear effective theory, we derive the first renormalized factorization theorem for a process described at subleading power in scale ratios, where λ = mb/Mh « 1 in our case. We prove two refactorization conditions for a matching coefficient and an operator matrix element in the endpoint region, where they exhibit singularities giving rise to divergent convolution integrals. The refactorization conditions ensure that the dependence of the decay amplitude on the rapidity regulator, which regularizes the endpoint singularities, cancels out to all orders of perturbation theory. We establish the renormalized form of the factorization formula, proving that extra contributions arising from the fact that “endpoint regularization” does not commute with renormalization can be absorbed, to all orders, by a redefinition of one of the matching coefficients. We derive the renormalization-group evolution equation satisfied by all quantities in the factorization formula and use them to predict the large logarithms of order $$ {\alpha \alpha}_s^2{L}^k $$

αα
s
2

L
k

in the three-loop decay amplitude, where $$ L=\ln \left(-{M}_h^2/{m}_b^2\right) $$
L
=
ln

−

M
h
2

/

m
b
2

and k = 6, 5, 4, 3. We find perfect agreement with existing numerical results for the amplitude and analytical results for the three-loop contributions involving a massless quark loop. On the other hand, we disagree with the results of previous attempts to predict the series of subleading logarithms $$ \sim {\alpha \alpha}_s^n{L}^{2n+1} $$
∼

αα
s
n

L

2
n
+
1

.
Integrating lipidomics and genomics: emerging tools to understand cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Tabassum Rubina , Ripatti Samuli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide leading to 31% of all global deaths. Early prediction and prevention could greatly reduce the enormous socio-economic burden posed by CVDs. Plasma lipids have been at the center stage of the prediction and prevention strategies for CVDs that have mostly relied on traditional lipids (total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL-C and LDL-C). The tremendous advancement in the field of lipidomics in last two decades has facilitated the research efforts to unravel the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs and their genetic determinants, enabling the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms and identification of predictive biomarkers, beyond traditional lipids. This review presents an overview of the application of lipidomics in epidemiological and genetic studies and their contributions to the current understanding of the field. We review findings of these studies and discuss examples that demonstrates the potential of lipidomics in revealing new biology not captured by traditional lipids and lipoprotein measurements. The promising findings from these studies have raised new opportunities in the fields of personalized and predictive medicine for CVDs. The review further discusses prospects of integrating emerging genomics tools with the high-dimensional lipidome to move forward from the statistical associations towards biological understanding, therapeutic target development and risk prediction. We believe that integrating genomics with lipidome holds a great potential but further advancements in statistical and computational tools are needed to handle the high-dimensional and correlated lipidome.
Energy assessment of different cooling technologies in Ti-6Al-4V milling
Authors: Albertelli Paolo , Monno Michele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractManufacturing craves for more sustainable solutions for machining heat-resistant alloys. In this paper, an assessment of different cooling lubrication approaches for Ti6Al4V milling was carried out. Cryogenic cutting (liquid nitrogen) and conventional cooling (oil-based fluid) were assessed with respect to dry cutting. To study the effects of the main relevant process parameters, proper energy models were developed, validated and then used for comparing the analysed cooling lubrication strategies. The model parameters were identified exploiting data from specifically conceived experiments. The power assessment was carried out considering different perspectives, with a bottom-up approach. Indeed, it was found that cryogenic cooling, thanks to a better tribological behaviour, is less energy demanding (at least 25%) than dry and conventional cutting. If the spindle power is considered, lower saving percentages can be expected. Cryogenic cooling showed its best energy performance (from 3 to 11 times) with respect to conventional cutting if the machine tool perspective is analysed. Considering even the primary energy required for producing the cutting fluids, the assessment showed that cryogenic cooling requires up to 19 times the energy required for conventional cutting.
Effects of knot area ratio on the bending properties of cross-laminated timber made from Korean pine
Authors: Pang Sung-Jun , Shim Kug-Bo , Kim Keon-Ho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe effect of knot clusters on the bending properties of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) cross-laminated timber (CLT) was analyzed to increase the utilization of low-quality lumber. The laminae used to manufacture the CLT were classified into five groups, four major layer groups, and one minor layer group, by mechanical grade and knot area ratio (KAR) of the lamina. Out-of-plane bending tests were conducted on CLT made from each layer group. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the manufactured CLT was closely correlated with the MOE of each individual major axis lamina. In the case of the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the CLT, the KAR of the laminae used in the major axis layer was more significantly affected than the MOE. The main finding is that the lower fifth percentile MOR value of the CLT specimens with large knots (KAR > 0.5) was higher than the acceptable reference value of E3 grade CLT (ANSI/APA PRG 320) made from a similar lamina grade. Therefore, the use of low-quality lumber to manufacture CLT can be expanded under the condition of limitation of the greater KAR.
Intraindividual comparison of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC
Authors: Hänscheid Heribert , Hartrampf Philipp E. , Schirbel Andreas , Buck Andreas K. , Lapa Constantin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The radiolabelled somatostatin analogue [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE binds to albumin via Evans blue, thereby increasing the residence time in the blood and potentially allowing more therapeutic agent to be absorbed into the target tissue during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. It was tested in selected patients whether the substance is superior to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC.

Methods
Activity kinetics in organs and tumours after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC were compared intraindividually in five patients with progressive somatostatin receptor-positive disease scheduled for radionuclide therapy.

Results
In comparison to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC, tumour doses per administered activity were higher for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE in 4 of 5 patients (median ratio: 1.7; range: 0.9 to 3.9), kidney doses (median ratio: 3.2; range: 1.6 to 9.8) as well as spleen doses (median ratio: 4.7; range 1.2 to 6.2) in all patients, and liver doses in 3 of 4 evaluable patients (median ratio: 4.0; range: 0.7 to 4.9). The tumour to critical organs absorbed dose ratios were higher after [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TOC in 4 of 5 patients.

Conclusions
Prior to a treatment with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-EB-TATE, it should be assessed individually whether the compound is superior to established substances.
Reliability of Stereophotogrammetry for Area Measurement in the Periocular Region
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Rokohl Alexander C. , Guo Yongwei , Li Senmao , Hou Xiaoyi , Fan Wanlin , Formuzal Maxim , Lin Ming , Heindl Ludwig M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) stereophotography area measurements are essential for describing morphology in the periocular region. However, its reliability has not yet been sufficiently validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetric area measurements in the periocular region. Forty healthy volunteers had five flat paper objects placed at each of the seven periocular positions including the endocanthion and the upper medial, upper middle, upper lateral, lower medial, lower middle, and the lower lateral eyelid. Two series of photographic images were captured twice by the same investigator. Each image of the first series was measured twice by the same rater, while images of both series were measured once by a second rater. Differences between these measurements were calculated, and the intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability was evaluated for intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean absolute differences (MADs), technical errors of measurements (TEMs), relative errors of measurements (REMs), and relative TEM (rTEM). Our results showed that 21.2% of all ICCs were considered as excellent, 45.5% were good, 27.3% were moderate, and 6.1% were poor. The interrater ICC for the endocanthion location was 0.4% on a low level. MAD values for all objects were less than 0.3 mm2, all TEM were less than 1 mm2, the REM and rTEM were less than 2% for all objects, showing high reliability. 3D stereophotogrammetry is a highly reliable system for periocular area measurements and may be used in the clinical routine for planning oculoplastic surgeries and for evaluating changes in periocular morphology.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Traumatic Injuries are the Main Indication for Limb Amputations During and After Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Naidu Priyanka , Dominguez Lynette B. , Trelles Miguel , Chu Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulations at risk during humanitarian crises can suffer traumatic injuries or have medical conditions that result in the need for limb amputation (LA). The objectives of this study were to describe the indications for and associations with LA during and after humanitarian crises in surgical projects supported by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF).MethodsMSF‐Operational Center Brussels data from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were analyzed. Surgical projects were classified into (annual) periods of crises and post‐crises. Indications were classified into trauma (intentional and unintentional) and non‐trauma (medical). Associations with LA were also reported.ResultsMSF‐OCB performed 936 amputations in 17 countries over the 10‐year study period. 706 (75%) patients were male and the median age was 27 years (interquartile range 17–41 years). Six hundred and twenty‐one (66%) LA were performed during crisis periods, 501 (53%) during conflict and 119 (13%) post‐natural disaster. There were 316 (34%) LA in post‐crisis periods. Overall, trauma was the predominant indication (n = 756, 81%) and accounted for significantly more LA (n = 577, 94%) in crisis compared to post‐crisis periods (n = 179, 57%) (p < 0.001).DiscussionOur study suggests that populations at risk for humanitarian crises are still vulnerable to traumatic LA. Appropriate operative and post‐operative LA management in the humanitarian setting must be provided, including rehabilitation and options for prosthetic devices.