bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish Community Changes Associated with Bullhead Removals in Four Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Sikora Logan W. , VanDeHey Justin A. , Sass Greg G. , Matzke Gregory , Preul Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bullheads Ameiurus spp. are found throughout much of the United States and are infrequently studied species. Although limited information has been published on the Black Bullhead A. melas and Yellow Bullhead A. natalis, it has been shown that bullheads can dominate the fish biomass in some north temperate U.S. lakes, resulting in a fish community exclusive of Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. Recently, recruitment and abundances of popular coolwater sport fishes, such as Walleye and Yellow Perch, have been declining in some northern Wisconsin lakes. These observed declines, coupled with high bullhead densities, led fisheries biologists to conduct whole-lake bullhead removals on four northern Wisconsin lakes. Removal of Black and Yellow bullheads from these lakes resulted in substantial changes in the fish communities. The CPUE of naturally reproduced age-0 Walleye increased in Lake Metonga and Patten Lake following the removal of bullheads. Additionally, survival of stocked Walleye increased in Crane and Pickerel lakes after bullhead removals, resulting in higher CPUE of age-0 and age-1 Walleye. Subsequently, adult Walleye abundance has increased or remained steady in all bullhead removal lakes. Significant declines in abundance of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and increases in abundance of Yellow Perch and Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus were also observed after bullhead removals, further illustrating a shift in fish community composition. Our observations suggest that when at high densities, bullheads can play a significant role in structuring fish communities and the removal of bullheads can increase recruitment, survival, and abundance of sport fishes like Walleye and Yellow Perch.
Effectiveness of postural lung recruitment on postoperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasound in children undergoing lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: He Pan , Wu Chi , Yang Yanyan , Zheng Jijian , Dong Wei , Wu Junzheng , Sun Ying , Zhang Mazhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the effects of postural lung recruitment maneuvers on the postoperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS) compared with supine position recruitment maneuvers in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsIn this randomized and controlled trial, 84 patients aged 3 years or younger, scheduled for right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly allocated to postural lung recruitment group or control group. The first LUS exam was performed immediately upon completion of the cardiac surgery (T1), and a repeat ultrasound exam started 1 min after lung recruitment maneuvers (T2). The primary outcome was the incidence of significant atelectasis at T2.ResultsThe incidence of significant atelectasis at T2 in the postural lung recruitment maneuver group was lower compared with that in the control group (30.2% vs. 58.1%; odds ratio: 0.31; 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.76; p = .009). The LUS scores for consolidations and B‐lines of the left lung were higher than those of the right lung in both groups at T1. More significant reduction of the left LUS scores and sizes of atelectatic areas were found in the postural lung recruitment group than those in the control group.ConclusionsPostoperative postural recruitment maneuver was more effective to improve reaeration of lung than supine position recruitment maneuver in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with CPB.
Could myocardial function be predictive of successful extubation in newborns and infants?
Authors: Massolo Anna C. , Clemente Maria , Patel Neil , Cantone Giulia V. , Toscano Alessandra , Ficial Benjamim , Landolfo Francesca , Calzolari Flaminia , Capolupo Irma , Biban Paolo , Dotta Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between cardiac function and extubation readiness in infants using speckle tracking echocardiography.Working hypothesisCardiac function combined with established clinical parameters may better identify readiness for extubation.Study DesignPilot prospective observational study.Patient selectionMechanically ventilated infants were included.MethodologyCardiac function was assessed by echocardiography immediately before extubation. Systolic and diastolic function in the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) were assessed by measurement of longitudinal strain (LS), and circumferential strain (CS) in the LV only. Pulmonary artery pressures were assessed using the velocity of tricuspid regurgitation jet (TR), septal position, and end‐systolic eccentricity index (EI ES). Cases who extubated successfully (Group 1) were compared to cases who required reintubation (Group 2).ResultsTwenty‐five cases were included. LV CS and RV LS were significantly lower in those who required reintubation (Group 2) compared to those who were successfully extubated (Group 1) (LV CS, −21 (12)% vs. −33 (3)%, p = .001; RV LS −19 (2.7)% vs. −20 (2.5)%, p = .04). TR was absent in all cases. The septal shape was normal in 18 cases (72%), displaced to the left in 7 (28%) cases. No significant differences were found in LV EI ES between groups.
Pierre Robin and breathing: What to do and when?
Authors: Poets Christian F. , Wiechers Cornelia , Koos Bernd , Muzaffar Arshad R. , Gozal David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRobin sequence is characterized by mandibular retrognathia, airway obstruction, and glossoptosis; 80%–90% also have a cleft palate. Various treatment approaches exist, and although controlled studies are rare, objective assessment of treatment outcomes that address the leading clinical issues, namely obstructive sleep apnea and failure to thrive, are essential. Sleep‐disordered breathing may be detected using cardiorespiratory polygraphy or polysomnography. Pulse oximetry alone may miss infants with frequent obstructive apneas, yet no intermittent hypoxia. Among conservative treatment options, the Tubingen Palatal Plate with a velar extension shifting the tongue base forward is the only approach that corrects the underlying anatomy and that has undergone appropriate evaluation. Of the surgical treatment options, which are not necessarily the first line of therapy, mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is effective and has been most extensively adopted. Notwithstanding, it is puzzling that MDO is frequently used in some countries, yet hardly ever in others, despite similar tracheostomy rates. Thus, prospective multicenter studies with side‐by‐side comparisons aimed at identifying an optimal treatment paradigm for this potentially life‐threatening condition are urgently needed.
Identification of a serum biomarker signature associated with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Kuci Emruli Venera , Liljedahl Leena , Axelsson Ulrika , Richter Corinna , Theorin Lisa , Bjartell Anders , Lilja Hans , Donovan Jenny , Neal David , Hamdy Freddie C. , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeImproved early diagnosis and determination of aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PC) is important to select suitable treatment options and to decrease over‐treatment. The conventional marker is total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in blood, but lacks specificity and ability to accurately discriminate indolent from aggressive disease.Experimental designIn this study, we sought to identify a serum biomarker signature associated with metastatic PC. We measured 157 analytes in 363 serum samples from healthy subjects, patients with non‐metastatic PC and patients with metastatic PC, using a recombinant antibody microarray.ResultsA signature consisting of 69 proteins differentiating metastatic PC patients from healthy controls was identified.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe clinical value of this biomarker signature requires validation in larger independent patient cohorts before providing a new prospect for detection of metastatic PC.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins between fused and open sutures in sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis during suture development by quantitative proteomic analysis
Authors: Bala Krithi , Cuellar Araceli , Herren Anthony W. , Boyadjiev Simeon A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeNonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NCS), the premature fusion of cranial sutures, results in an abnormal skull shape and is associated with a significant morbidity. Proteomics is a promising tool for disease characterization and biomarker discovery; we aimed to identify biologically relevant differentially expressed proteins for NCS.Experimental designLabel‐based quantitative proteomic profiling using TMT was performed on protein extracted from mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and bone tissue of five open and five fused sutures of sagittal NCS (sNCS) and analyzed using quantitative LC‐MS/MS based bottom‐up proteomics. Differential protein abundance between open and fused sutures was determined to identify biologically relevant proteins of interest. Proteins were validated in an independent sample set by western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe observed 838 differentially expressed proteins between open and fused sutures of sNCS. Decorin, lumican, and asporin were significantly downregulated while COL4A1 and TGFβ1|1 were upregulated in fused compared to open sutures.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe majority of significantly differentially expressed proteins between open and fused sutures were observed in the proteomes of osteoblasts suggesting that protein changes contributing to premature sagittal suture fusion occur predominantly at the osteoblast level. Our findings suggest a possible ineffective ECM deposition at the osteoblast cell stage.
Recovery of Ammonium Perchlorate from Obsolete Ammunition and Its Application in Synthesis of Lithium Perchlorate
Authors: Shim Yong‐Ho , Ha Sang‐Wook , Yoo Eun‐Sil , Jang Hye‐Ri , Kim Ae Rhan , Ramakrishnan Shanmugam , Yoo Dong Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate (AP) is used as a strong solid oxidizer in propellants, gun powder, fireworks, and light signals. Recycling or recovery of AP from demilitarization or outdated propellant items is a challenging task. Herein, we report the purchase of recycled crude AP from commercially, and then subsequently AP was purified through filtration with activated carbon and recrystallization. After recrystallization, the yield of AP was 85 %, and the resultant product was characterized by various techniques including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. These results indicate that recrystallized AP had excellent purity and crystallinity compared to crude AP. In addition, purified AP was used as source material for the synthesis of lithium perchlorate (LP), which was characterized using various analytical techniques. This process provides a new avenue for recycled AP that could be effectively used as starting material for synthesis of LP.
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Viscosity Measurement of Solid Propellant Slurry by Press Bar‐Fall Ball Viscometer
Authors: Yue Wu , Kuan Li 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe experimental viscosity measurement of a certain type of the solid propellant slurry is carried out by using the press bar‐fall ball viscometer. Moreover, the CFD simulation is performed through the ANSYS Fluent software to numerically investigate the press bar‐fall ball viscometer. The viscosity‐time characteristics of the slurry are studied in detail. The present study shows that, when the steel ball falls in the static slurry, the ball is initially accelerated so that its velocity increases. On the other hand, when the ball velocity reaches a certain value, called the terminal velocity, forces are balanced and the velocity remains constant. The medium viscosity is experimentally measured in the present study. Then proper corrective correlations are applied to the Stokes equation to calculate the medium viscosity according to the simulation results. Comparisons show that results of the numerical simulation are in good agreement with the ones from the experiment. It is observed that the viscosity of the slurry rises exponentially with time, due to the curing reaction. Furthermore, since the shear stress of the dropping ball in the solution is small, the shear rate of the solution during the falling of the ball is very low. Therefore, it is concluded that the falling ball method is capable to accurately determine the static viscosity of the slurry.
Achieving optimal adherence to medical therapy by telehealth: Findings from the ORBITA medication adherence sub‐study
Authors: Thompson David , Al‐Lamee Rasha , Foley Michael , Dehbi Hakim M. , Thom Simon , Davies Justin E. , Francis Darrel P. , Patel Prashanth , Gupta Pankaj ,   ORBITA Investigators
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe ORBITA trial of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus a placebo procedure for patients with stable angina was conducted across six sites in the United Kingdom via home monitoring and telephone consultations. Patients underwent detailed assessment of medication adherence which allowed us to measure the efficacy of the implementation of the optimization protocol and interpretation of the main trial endpoints.MethodsPrescribing data were collected throughout the trial. Self‐reported adherence was assessed, and urine samples collected at pre‐randomization and at follow‐up for direct assessment of adherence using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC MS/MS).ResultsSelf‐reported adherence was >96% for all drugs in both treatment groups at both stages. The percentage of samples in which drug was detected at pre‐randomization and at follow‐up in the PCI versus placebo groups respectively was: clopidogrel, 96% versus 90% and 98% versus 94%; atorvastatin, 95% versus 92% and 92% versus 91%; perindopril, 95% versus 97% and 85% versus 100%; bisoprolol, 98% versus 99% and 96% versus 97%; amlodipine, 99% versus 99% and 94% versus 96%; nicorandil, 98% versus 96% and 94% versus 92%; ivabradine, 100% versus 100% and 100% versus 100%; and ranolazine, 100% versus 100% and 100% versus 100%.ConclusionsAdherence levels were high throughout the study when quantified by self‐reporting methods and similarly high proportions of drug were detected by urinary assay. The results indicate successful implementation of the optimization protocol delivered by telephone, an approach that could serve as a model for treatment of chronic conditions, particularly as consultations are increasingly conducted online.
Job insecurity and innovative work behaviour: A moderated mediation model of intrinsic motivation and trait mindfulness
Authors: Montani Francesco , Courcy François , Battistelli Adalgisa , de Witte Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch has disregarded the processes and boundary conditions associated with the effects of job insecurity on innovative work behaviour. Combining the job demands‐resources and the self‐determination perspectives, the present study develops and tests a first‐stage moderated mediation model that identifies intrinsic motivation as a key mechanism accounting for a negative effect of job insecurity on innovative behaviour and trait mindfulness as a buffer against the detrimental impact of job insecurity on intrinsic motivation and, indirectly, innovative work behaviour. Two time‐lagged studies—a two‐wave study of 138 employees from Canadian firms and a three‐wave study of 157 employees from US firms—were conducted to test the hypothesized model. Supporting our predictions, intrinsic motivation mediated a negative relationship between job insecurity and innovative work behaviour. Moreover, high levels of trait mindfulness were observed to attenuate the negative relationship of job insecurity with intrinsic motivation and, indirectly, innovative behaviour. These findings contribute to the literature by disclosing the processes linking job insecurity with impaired work outcomes and help to elucidate how and when employee can keep their innovative potential alive in spite of insecure work conditions.
Conditional variational autoencoders for probabilistic wind turbine blade fatigue estimation using Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition data
Authors: Mylonas Charilaos , Abdallah Imad , Chatzi Eleni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWind turbine fatigue estimation is based on time‐consuming Monte Carlo simulations for various wind conditions, followed by cycle‐counting procedures and the application of engineering damage models. The outputs of the fatigue simulations are large in volume and of high dimensionality, as they typically consist of estimates on finite‐element computational meshes. The strain and stress tensor time series, which are the primary quantities of interest when considering the problem of fatigue estimation, are dictated by complex vibration characteristics due to the coupled effect of aerodynamics, structural dynamics, geometrically non‐linear mechanics, and control. A Variational Auto‐Encoder (VAE) is trained in order to model the probability distribution of the accumulated fatigue on the root cross‐section of a simulated wind turbine blade. The VAE is conditioned on historical data that correspond to coarse wind‐field measurement statistics, such as mean hub‐height wind speed, standard deviation of hub‐height wind speed and shear exponent. In the absence of direct measurements of structural loads, the proposed technique finds applications in making long‐term probabilistic deterioration predictions from historical Supervisory, Control, and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data, while capturing the inherent aleatoric uncertainty due to the incomplete information on strain time series of the wind turbine structure, when only SCADA data statistics are available.
Five-dimensional gauge theories on spheres with negative couplings
Authors: Minahan Joseph A. , Nedelin Anton 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We consider supersymmetric gauge theories on S5 with a negative Yang-Mills coupling in their large N limits. Using localization we compute the partition functions and show that the pure SU(N) gauge theory descends to an SU(N/2)+N/2× SU(N/2)−N/2× SU(2) Chern-Simons gauge theory as the inverse ’t Hooft coupling is taken to negative infinity for N even. The Yang-Mills coupling of the SU(N/2)±N/2 is positive and infinite, while that on the SU(2) goes to zero. We also show that the odd N case has somewhat different behavior. We then study the SU(N/2)N/2 pure Chern-Simons theory. While the eigenvalue density is only found numerically, we show that its width equals 1 in units of the inverse sphere radius, which allows us to find the leading correction to the free energy when turning on the Yang-Mills term. We then consider USp(2N) theories with an antisymmetric hypermultiplet and Nf< 8 fundamental hypermultiplets and carry out a similar analysis. Along the way we show that the one-instanton contribution to the partition function remains exponentially suppressed at negative coupling for the SU(N) theories in the large N limit.
On a new class of functional equations satisfied by polynomial functions
Authors: Nadhomi Timothy , Okeke Chisom Prince , Sablik Maciej , Szostok Tomasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe classical result of L. Székelyhidi states that (under some assumptions) every solution of a general linear equation must be a polynomial function. It is known that Székelyhidi’s result may be generalized to equations where some occurrences of the unknown functions are multiplied by a linear combination of the variables. In this paper we study the equations where two such combinations appear. The simplest nontrivial example of such a case is given by the equation$$\begin{aligned} F(x + y) - F(x) - F(y) = yf(x) + xf(y) \end{aligned}$$F(x+y)-F(x)-F(y)=yf(x)+xf(y)considered by Fechner and Gselmann (Publ Math Debrecen 80(1–2):143–154, 2012). In the present paper we prove several results concerning the systematic approach to the generalizations of this equation.
Influence of genetic background, growth latitude and bagging treatment on phenolic compounds in fruits of commercial cultivars and wild types of apples (Malus sp.)
Authors: Li Yajing , Sun Hongxia , Li Jindong , Qin Shu , Niu Zimian , Qiao Xiongwu , Yang Baoru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhenolic compounds in apples 17 cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and 3 wild forms (Malus sp.) were analyzed to study the impact of genetic background, growth site, and fruit bagging. The impact of altitude was studied in nine cultivars by analyzing fruits collected from orchards at three altitudes. Procyanidin B2 (71–628 μg/g fresh weight), ( −)-epicatechin (35–357 μg/g), and chlorogenic acid (28–563 μg/g) were always the three most abundant phenolic compounds in the apple samples studied, except for the cultivar ‘Qinguan’, which had a very low content of ( −)-epicatechin (13 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (8 μg/g). The wild apples of M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh were 5-times richer in epicatechin (278 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (628 μg/g) than the commercial cultivars of M. domestica Borkh (86 and 54, respectively). Among the commercial cultivars, ‘Qinguan’ had the highest level of chlorogenic acid but the lowest content of flavan-3-ols, whereas ‘Liuyuehong’ was characterized by the highest content of quercetin glycosides. Procyanidin B2, and ( −)-epicatechin correlated negatively, while other phenolics positively, with altitude. The response of phenolic compounds to altitude variation depended on latitude variation and genetic backgrounds. Bagging treatment reduced the contents of most phenolic compounds, with the impact of cultivars and length of re-exposure before harvest. This is also the first report on phenolic compounds in several important new cultivars, adding new knowledge on the compositional characteristics of global apple resources.