bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptação transcultural para o Português do questionário de autorrelato da função sensorial e motora de S4-5 (S4-5Q) em pessoas com lesão medular espinhal
Authors: Romanini Francielle , Lima Thays de Souza , Abou Libak , Ilha Jocemar 
Published: September 2021

Resumo
Objetivo O “Self-report S4-5 Sensory and Motor Function Questionnaire (S4-5Q)” é um breve questionário de avaliação da função dos segmentos sacrais S4 e S5 após uma lesão medular (LM), cuja finalidade é substituir o exame de toque retal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma adaptação transcultural do questionário S4-5Q para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e investigar a confiabilidade teste-reteste desta versão.
Método A tradução e a adaptação transcultural foram realizadas utilizando a metodologia de tradução e retrotradução. Inicialmente, as traduções foram realizadas por três tradutores independentes. Sua síntese foi então submetida a um comitê de especialistas (profissionais de saúde com experiência em LM). Em seguida, a retrotradução para o idioma original foi enviada ao autor original, sendo que a versão final foi concluída após todas as adaptações. Para a confiabilidade teste-reteste, foram recrutados 24 indivíduos com lesão medular espinal (LME) em fase crônica (2 avaliações com intervalo de 7 a 14 dias entre elas). A análise estatística foi realizada no IBM-SPSS (Version 20, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) com dados pré-tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, EUA). A confiabilidade foi testada por meio do coeficiente Kappa de Cohen, e a consistência interna foi medida através do α de Cronbach, ambas adotando p < 0,05 como significante.
Resultados Na análise de confiabilidade, os resultados de todas as perguntas apresentaram concordância quase perfeita (Kappa > 0,81) e boa consistência interna (α de Cronbach: 0,65–0,77) entre as perguntas e a classificação final.
Conclusão O questionário S4-5Q adaptado culturalmente é confiável, podendo ser aplicado à população brasileira com LME crônica, com o objetivo de avaliar a função sensorial e motora nos segmentos sacrais S4-S5.
Extracellular matrix protein N-glycosylation mediates immune self-tolerance inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mortimer Nathan T. , Fischer Mary L. , Waring Ashley L. , KR Pooja , Kacsoh Balint Z. , Brantley Susanna E. , Keebaugh Erin S. , Hill Joshua , Lark Chris , Martin Julia , Bains Pravleen , Lee Jonathan , Vrailas-Mortimer Alysia D. , Schlenke Todd A. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceThe ability of immune cells to distinguish self tissue from nonself pathogens is a key characteristic of immunity, allowing responses to be targeted against invading pathogens while protecting against self-directed immune damage. The recognition of nonself by innate immune cells has been extensively characterized, but the mechanisms that allow for self recognition and self-tolerance remain largely unexplored. Here, we uncover a self-tolerance system inDrosophilathat relies on the N-glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins: immune activity is restrained by recognition of a self signal and proceeds when encountering self tissues missing the self signal. This allows the host to recognize and protect self tissues, destroy aberrant tissue, and, perhaps, respond to pathogens that evade nonself recognition systems.
Potassium isotope composition of Mars reveals a mechanism of planetary volatile retention
Authors: Tian Zhen , Magna Tomáš , Day James M. D. , Mezger Klaus , Scherer Erik E. , Lodders Katharina , Hin Remco C. , Koefoed Piers , Bloom Hannah , Wang Kun 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceUsing spacecraft data and elemental abundances derived from martian meteorites, earlier studies set a paradigm of a volatile- and water-rich Mars relative to Earth. Nevertheless, inherent difficulty in determining the volatile budget of bulk silicate Mars (BSM) makes it challenging to directly compare the extents of volatile depletions among differentiated bodies in the Solar System. This study provides an alternative for evaluating the nature of volatiles on Mars using potassium (K) isotopes. The K isotopic composition of BSM and the strong correlation between δ41K and planet mass reveals that the sizes of planetary bodies fundamentally control their ability to retain volatiles. This could further shed light on the habitability of planets and assist with constraining unknown parent body sizes.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of compounds with Craig-Möbius aromaticity
Authors: Cai Yuanting , Hua Yuhui , Lu Zhengyu , Lan Qing , Lin Zuzhang , Fei Jiawei , Chen Zhixin , Zhang Hong , Xia Haiping 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions are hallmarks of aromaticity. However, the potential of compounds with Möbius aromaticity to undergo EAS has been ignored for a long time. A number of molecules with d orbitals involved in conjugation of π-aromatic ring in the out-of-phase way have been described as Craig-Möbius aromaticity because they have the same phase inversion properties as Möbius type and fit [4n] rule. Embedding metals within a π-conjugated hydrocarbon skeleton is considered an efficient method for discovering Craig-Möbius aromatic scaffolds. We directly employed metalla-aromatics to develop EAS reactions of Craig-Möbius aromatics with excellent efficiency and remarkable regioselectivity, and the reactions were quantified in computational studies to further rationalize the preferred sites of attack on the different aromatic rings.
Biodiversity of coral reef cryptobiota shuffles but does not decline under the combined stressors of ocean warming and acidification
Authors: Timmers Molly A. , Jury Christopher P. , Vicente Jan , Bahr Keisha D. , Webb Maryann K. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Although climate change is expected to decimate coral reefs, the combined impacts of ocean-warming and acidification on coral reef biodiversity remains largely unmeasured. Here, we present a two-year mesocosm experiment to simulate future ocean acidification and ocean-warming to quantify the impacts on species richness, community composition, and community structure. We find that species richness is equivalent between the dual-stressor and present-day treatments but that the community shuffles, undoubtedly altering ecosystem function. However, our ability to predict the outcomes of such community shuffling remains limited due to the critical knowledge gap regarding ecological functions, life histories, and distributions for most members of the cryptobenthic community that account for the majority of the biodiversity within these iconic ecosystems.
Orthogonal genome-wide screens of bat cells identify MTHFD1 as a target of broad antiviral therapy
Authors: Anderson Danielle E. , Cui Jin , Ye Qian , Huang Baoying , Tan Ya , Jiang Chao , Zu Wenhong , Gong Jing , Liu Weiqiang , Kim So Young , Yan Biao Guo , Sigmundsson Kristmundur , Lim Xiao Fang , Ye Fei , Niu Peihua , Irving Aaron T. , Zhang Haoyu , Tang Yefeng , Zhou Xuming , Wang Yu , Tan Wenjie , Wang Lin-Fa , Tan Xu 
Published: September 2021

Significance
We established a genome-wide CRISPR library and a genome-wide RNA interference library for a bat species and performed two genetic screens to uncover host factors of bat cells involved in virus infections. Although the viruses and methodologies used were different in the two screens, we identified one common protein, MTHFD1, as a broad-spectrum host factor. Further studies show that the MTHFD1 inhibitor, carolacton, can potently inhibit a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. We provide a resource for studying the functional genomics of bat biology.
Amyloid-β peptide dimers undergo a random coil to β-sheet transition in the aqueous phase but not at the neuronal membrane
Authors: Fatafta Hebah , Khaled Mohammed , Owen Michael C. , Sayyed-Ahmad Abdallah , Strodel Birgit 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceThe aggregation of the amyloid-βpeptide (Aβ) into neurotoxic oligomers is central to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. One possible source of their toxicity results from interactions of the Aβoligomers with the neuronal membrane, damaging membrane integrity and thus neurons. However, molecular details of these interactions are unclear. Here, we contrast the dimerization of Aβin solution and at the neuronal membrane. Our results clearly indicate that the sugar moieties of GM1 sequester Aβby forming key hydrogen bonds with the peptide, which diverts the configuration of the Aβdimers away from damagingβ-sheet–rich structures. These findings underline the importance of GM1 in Alzheimer’s disease progression and provide a nanoscopic basis for its reported neuroprotective effect.
Temporal structures in Occitan and French oral narrative
Authors: Carruthers Janice , Vergez-Couret Marianne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores the temporal structuring of Occitan and French oral narratives. Using contemporary linguistic theory and through a corpus-based analysis, it aims to explore the relationship between language and orality, with a specific focus on two key temporal features of oral narrative, i.e. frames and connectives. The authors create a digitised corpus involving three sub-corpora demonstrating different degrees of orality in Occitan and these are also compared with a French oral corpus. The analysis shows that there is quantitative evidence to support the idea that frames and connectives have complementary roles in narrative, with inverse proportions of frames and connectives in the four sub-corpora. In terms of degrees of orality, the results suggest that not only is the use of particular connectives strongly associated with oral as opposed to written narratives but also that factors relating to sources, transmission and storytelling practice are highly influential and interact with each other in complex ways. Frames are generally ‘primarily structural’ in function rather than ‘temporal and structural’ and certain frame introducers recur in all the sub-corpora but there are complex differences between the different sub-corpora and a clear link with story-type. Questions of sources, transmission and narrative practice are central to our argumentation throughout and are particularly striking in the case of the contemporary Occitan sub-corpus.
Genetic Differentiation Between and Within Northern Native American Language Groups: An Argument for the Expansion of the Native American CODIS Database
Authors: Weise Jessica A. , Ng Jillian , Oldt Robert F. , Viray Joy , McCulloh Kelly L. , Smith David Glenn , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe National Research Council recommends that genetic differentiation among subgroups of ethnic samples be lower than 3% of the total genetic differentiation within the ethnic sample to be used for estimating reliable random match probabilities for forensic use. Native American samples in the United States’ Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) database represent four language families: Algonquian, Na-Dene, Eskimo-Aleut, and Salishan. However, a minimum of 27 Native American language families exists in the US, not including language isolates. Our goal was to ascertain whether genetic differences are correlated with language groupings and, if so, whether additional language families would provide a more accurate representation of current genetic diversity among tribal populations. The 21 short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the Globalfiler® PCR Amplification Kit were used to characterize six indigenous language families, including three of the four represented in the CODIS database (i.e. Algonquian, Na-Dene, and Eskimo-Aleut), and two language isolates (Miwok and Seri) using major population genetic diversity metrics such as F statistics and Bayesian clustering analysis of genotype frequencies. Most of the genetic variation (97%) was found to be within language families instead of among them (3%). In contrast, when only the three of the four language families represented in both the CODIS database and the present study were considered, 4% of the genetic variation occurred among the language groups. Bayesian clustering resulted in a maximum posterior probability indicating three genetically distinct groups among the eight language families and isolates: (1) Eskimo, (2) Seri, and (3) all other language groups and isolates, thus confirming genetic subdivision among subgroups of the CODIS Native American database. This genetic structure indicates the need for an increased number of Native American populations based on language affiliation in the CODIS database as well as more robust sample sets for those language families.
Plasma sheath modelling to predict etch-induced overlay
Authors: Džafić Harun , R Kamali Mohammad , P Venugopalan Syam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work a two-dimensional, axisymmetric plasma sheath model is presented that is used to predict ion trajectory deviations in the plasma-wafer interface for a given set of physical etch conditions and chamber geometries. The model successfully predicts the plasma sheath deformation and the associated ion tilt in the vicinity of the wafer edge due to electrical discontinuities. We couple the predictive power of the plasma sheath model with a feature-scale kinetic Monte Carlo etch model to determine the asymmetries in post-etched structures and hence on-product overlay. The feature-scale model serves as a tool to translate the ion tilt within plasma sheath to the sidewall angle asymmetries in the etched trenches and the resulting overlay errors in two adjacent layers of a semiconductor device that could ultimately affect the device yield.
Power Generation using Thermoelectric Power Generator with Parabolic Solar Dish Concentrator
Authors: Nanggar Nyandang Aneurin , Singh Baljit , Fairuz Remeli Muhammad , Oberoi Amandeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Solar Thermoelectric Generator (STEG), a hybridization system of thermoelectric generator (TEG) with a heat exchanger have been thoroughly explored because of its ability to produce both electricity and heat simultaneously. In this research, two tests were conducted: single TEG characterization test and STEG application. A theoretical modelling was developed based on the characterization test. For the STEG application, a solar parabolic dish concentrator and a single TEG were used to produce both heat and electricity simultaneously. An absorber plate placed on the focal point of the dish was used to facilitate the heat transfer of the reflected solar radiation to the TEG through the plate. The effects of various temperature difference were investigated. The absorber plate thickness was 1 mm and made up from copper to ensure high heat transfer rate and was well insulated so as to ensure minimal heat loss. To evaluate the performance of the TEG under the various temperatures, water-cooled cooling method (with water cooling jacket) and air-cooled cooling method (with finned heat sink and USB powered fan) were employed. Results showed that water-cooled cooling method was able to enhance the performance of STEG for higher power generation than air-cooled cooling method.
Characteristics of Ar Plasma Jet Generated by 50 Hz Alternating Current
Authors: Honglertkongsakul K , Nilgumhang K , Mongkolnavin R , Tangjitsomboon P , Acharry S , Ngamrungroj D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Plasma jet generated by dielectric barrier discharge system has gain importance in surface modification processes. Characteristics of plasma of the plasma jet depend on type of gas, flow rate of gas, design of electrodes, power and frequency of the power source. In this research, the argon gas is flowed through a hollow tube is investigated. Alternating high voltage power supply connected to electrodes is operated with frequency of 50 Hz. It was found that the lengths of the plasma jet generated by this system ranges from 0.5 cm and 1 cm. The minimum and the maximum electron temperature of the plasma was 0.44 eV and 0.86 eV respectively. The electron temperature increased as the applied voltage was increased. However, the electron temperature decreased when the operating voltage was increased above 6.5 kV to 7.5 kV. It can be explained by the effect of arcing between the electrodes which causes the lost in energy. Also, increasing of the flow rate over a critical limit produces turbulence that also causes reduction in electron temperature of the plasma jet.
Heat Distribution of Aluminum Block with Profile for Portable Thermal Cycler Calculated Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Sakti S P , Abdurrouf  , Kusuma F J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) becomes one of the essential tools during the COVID pandemic. The heart of the PCR is a thermal cycler. The thermal cycler is a temperature cycle instrument that changes and maintains the vial sample’s temperature at a specific target temperature. A simple thermal cycler can be made using thermoelectric as the heater and cooler to control the temperature state. The thermal block temperature distribution is important to make all the vials treated at the same temperature condition. The thermal distribution of an aluminum block as the thermal block for a portable PCR was calculated using the finite element method. The heat source and cooler with a power of 60W were placed at the bottom of the aluminum block. The temperature gradient inside the aluminum body, where the vial was placed, was calculated. The heating and cooling speed were calculated using the model. It was found that the temperature difference between the bottom surface and top surface of the aluminum block is 2.5°C during the transient time. The temperature distribution in a horizontal direction is homogenous, with a temperature difference among the surface being less than 0.01°C. The time required to heating from 24°C to 95°C is 31.05 seconds while cooling from 95°C to 55°C can be reached in 18.05 seconds.
Nonparametric Double EWMA Control Charts based on Mood Statistic for Process Variability
Authors: Petcharat K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research aims to propose a nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average (NDEWMA) control chart for detecting shifts in a process using the Mood statistic. A Monte Carlo simulation study was used. The data had a normal distribution and a non-normal distribution where the magnitude of shift size (δ) was δ = 1, 1.05, 1.10 - 2.00 and 3.00, respectively. A performance comparison of the control charts was evaluated by using the Average Run Length (ARL). In the case of an in-control process, a large ARL value is desired, while a small ARL value is desired when the process is out-of-control. From the results of the simulation study, it was observed that the proposed NDEWMA control chart is effective in detecting small shifts in the process and gives better performance compared to the nonparametric exponentially weighted moving average control (NEWMA) control chart based on Mood statistics.
RETRACTED: There can be no dark energy or space expansion because radiation pressure forces can cause the universe to expand
Authors: Zhang G , Wang X 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Space expansion or dark energy are usually used to explain the fact that our universe is expanding at accelerating speeds. However, calculations show that the sun’s total gravitational forces towards the entire universe, excluding nearby galaxies, is 1.645×1019N, while the sun’s average total radiation pressure force is 1.33×1021N. So, the sun’s radiation pressure force is much (80 times) larger than its gravitational force. Thus the sun’s overall effect towards the universe is to push the universe to expand instead of pulling the universe to contract. Because the sun is just a normal star, the total expanding forces (stars’ radiation pressure force) inside universe are much bigger than the total contracting forces (gravitational force) inside the universe, resulting in a universe expanding at accelerating rates. In addition, factors such as cosmic rays also help to cause the universe to expand. Thus, there is no need to use dark energy or space expansion theory to explain the accelerating expansion of the universe. Specifically, it is deduced that the relationship between the total radiation pressure force (F) of a star and the power (P) of the star is: F=(1+ρ)P/C.
Modeling the influence of the intensive crystallization level height on the cumulonimbus cloud parameters
Authors: Kuznetsov A , Simakina T , Kryukova S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The importance of information on the ice particles amount and formation height in understanding the processes taking place in a cumulonimbus cloud is shown. In radar meteorology the intense crystallization level NIC
is one of the criteria for the cloud transition to the thunderstorm activity stage. Modeling of a cumulonimbus cloud parameters with the intensive crystallization level height change has been carried out. With an increase in NIC
there is a decrease in the hydrometeors number entering the crystallized area, an increase in the area volume with the highest water content in the cloud center, its rise, and a change in the orientation of the large drops «nursery» with a water content of more than 8 g/m3 from horizontal to vertical shape. The dependence of the hydrometeor size in the central part of the cloud jet and the lifetime on the NIC
level has been detected.
Investigation of the evolution of thunderstorm with hail in North-Western region of Russia by three-dimensional numerical simulation
Authors: Dovgaluk Yu A , Veremei N E , Toropova M L , Mikhailovskii Yu P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using numerical non-stationary three-dimensional Cu model the investigation of the evolution of thunderstorm with hail was carried out in North-Western region of Russia. Spatial and temporal variations of the main cloud and precipitation characteristics obtained, especially, cloud electrification intensity, volume charge density and electric field strength. It was shown that the main role in cloud electrification under given conditions has the polarization one. On the contrary, ice-ice collision was not so intensive because of small mass of cloud ice crystals.
Investigation of the bubble structure of hail droplet nuclei
Authors: Khuchunaev A B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the study of the bubble structure of hail droplet nuclei at different temperatures and Nusselt numbers. On the basis of laboratory studies, equations are obtained that allow the measured values of the arithmetic mean diameter and the concentration of air inclusions in the droplet nuclei of hail to determine the temperature at which they were formed. The effect of changes in the Nusselt number on the bubble structure of hail droplet nuclei analyses in the article. The results of estimating the temperature and the Nusselt number at the level of formation of drop nuclei of natural hailstones that fell on 7.06.2012 are presented. For calculations, previously obtained data on the arithmetic mean diameter and concentration of air inclusions in the droplet nuclei of hailstones were used. The paper presents the results of comparing the formation temperatures of natural droplet nuclei calculated by formulas proposed by different authors. It is found that the difference in the temperature of the formation of droplet nuclei, calculated from the bubble structure according to Tlisov’s data and according to our data, is 2.3 °C. The maximum difference between our data and the List data is 2 °C.