bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of MPFL Reconstruction Utilizing a Quadriceps Turndown Technique in the Adolescent/Pediatric Population
Authors: Fisher Michael , Singh Satbir , Samora Walter P. , Beran Matthew C. , Klingele Kevin E. 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
Recurrent instability following a lateral patellar dislocation is a common indication for surgical intervention. Several surgical procedures are described in the literature to address recurrent patellar instability. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction utilizing the quadriceps turndown technique attempts to restore medial stability. Results of the quadriceps turndown technique have previously only been reported in adult populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, efficacy, and patient-reported outcomes following a quadriceps turndown MPFL reconstruction in the pediatric and adolescent population.

Methods:
Records of all patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction using a quadriceps turndown technique between 2011 and 2018 were reviewed for demographics, risk factors, complications, mechanism of injury, and concomitant procedures. Return to activities of daily living (ADLs), return to presurgery level of sport, length of bracing, and recurrent instability were assessed with the administration of the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Score. All analyses were completed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.

Results:
Thirty-six knees [14 female (39%), 22 male (61%)] from 34 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria. The average follow-up length was 35.9±15.2 months. The average age was 16.3±1.8 years at the time of surgery. The average time for resumption of ADLs was 8.1±6.0 weeks after surgery. Ninety-four percent of patients returned to preinjury level of sport at an average of 23.6±12.0 weeks after surgery. Mean Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Score was 90.7±10.3. Female patients (P<0.001) reported significantly lower Kujala scores. Three patients (8%) experienced recurrent instability during ADLs and an additional 4 (11%) reported subjective feelings of instability only during sport or elevated activity. One knee required a return to the operating room for irrigation and debridement due to infection.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that the quadriceps turndown technique for MPFL reconstruction is a safe and effective procedure for the management of recurrent patellar instability in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic.
Posterior Instrumentation and Fusion in Multiple-segment Adolescent Congenital Scoliosis: When Are Posterior Column and Concave Rib Osteotomies Needed?
Authors: Yucekul Altug , Ramazanov Rafik , Olgun Zeynep D. , Ayvaz Mehmet , Demirkiran Gokhan , Bekmez Senol , Yazici Muharrem 
Published: April 2021

Background:
No clear guidelines exist for appropriate surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis. The spectrum varies from isolated posterior instrumentation and fusion (PIF-only) to vertebral column resections. Multiple posterior column osteotomies (PCOs) with and without concave rib osteotomies have previously been suggested as an alternative to invasive 3-column osteotomies. The aim of the study is to analyze outcomes of spinal surgery in congenital scoliosis patients for a new treatment algorithm based on a traction radiograph under general anesthesia (TruGA).

Methods:
Surgical intervention was determined according to flexibility with TruGA: patients with >40% correction underwent PIF-only; patients with <40% of correction underwent PCO. Patients, who had <30% of correction in TruGA and/or more than 5 vertebral levels with failure of segmentation, underwent additional concave rib osteotomies. The radiologic and clinical results were compared.

Results:
Forty-three patients met inclusion criteria (14M). The mean age was 13.8 (10 to 17) years, average follow-up 67 (24 to 107) months. Fourteen patients were in the PIF-only group, 29 in the PCO group. PCO patients were significantly older (14.5 vs. 12.3, P=0.001). Mean operative time and blood loss of PCO group were significantly greater than those of PIF-only group. Nine patients required concave rib osteotomies. While the curve magnitude of patients in the PIF-only and PCO groups did not differ significantly (54.6 vs. 63 degrees, P=0.067), curve rigidity was significantly higher in the patients of PCO group (51.2% vs. 32%, P=0.001). Despite this, postoperative correction rates for 2 groups were similar (51.1% vs. 47.8%, P=0.545).

Conclusions:
The number of anomalous segments and the curve flexibility on TruGA play important roles in the decision-making process in congenital scoliosis and <40% flexibility of the major curve could be an important indicator of the need for PCO. Curves with more than 5 anomalous vertebral segments might be more likely to need additional concave rib osteotomies for adequate correction.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Presenting With Disfiguring Acneiform Plaques: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Prieto-Torres Lucía , Morales-Moya Ana L. , Garcia-Garcia Mar , Aldea-Manrique Beatriz , Ara Mariano , Requena Luis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Hypertrophic and acneiform forms are very rare variants of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which can suppose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present a South American woman with facial disfiguring lesions of 7 years of evolution with clinical and histopathological characteristic of both hypertrophic and acneiform DLE. No criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus were present in the patient. To the best of our knowledge, no patients with concomitant hypertrophic and acneiform DLE have been previously reported in the literature.
Primary Cutaneous Monomorphic Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Craddock Ashley P. , Gru Alejandro A. , Mannschreck Diana , Wilson Barbara B. , Raghavan Shyam S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a term used to describe a range of lymphoproliferative disorders that occur after solid organ transplant. Although the clinical presentation is variable, primary cutaneous PTLD typically presents as isolated nodules that appear as dermal-based proliferations. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with a history of a kidney transplant who presented with a 2-month history of an asymptomatic, erythematous plaque on the right shin, clinically suspected to be squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Histomorphology demonstrated a dermal proliferation of atypical plasma cells with dense chromatin, variable nucleoli, and irregular nuclear borders. The atypical plasma cells were positive for Epstein-Barr virus by in situ hybridization and markedly kappa-restricted by RNAscope in situ hybridization. A diagnosis of cutaneous monomorphic PTLD, plasma cell neoplasm variant, was rendered, a rare diagnosis in the skin. Treatment for PTLD typically involves reduction of immunosuppression, although our patient progressed and developed new lesions despite this intervention. In this study, we present an atypical presentation of cutaneous PTLD, plasma cell neoplasm variant, presenting as squamous cell carcinoma in situ.
Emerging follicular activation strategies to treat women with poor ovarian response and primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Reig Andres , Herraiz Sonia , Pellicer Antonio , Seli Emre 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the review
Female reproductive aging remains one of the key unsolved challenges in the field of reproductive medicine. This article reviews three of the most recent and cutting-edge strategies that are currently being investigated to address the issues of poor ovarian response (POR) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Recent findings
Publications revealing the mechanism of mechanical disruption of the Hippo signaling pathway paved the way to studies on its potential application for fertility treatments. This, in combination with Akt stimulation, resulted in live births and ongoing pregnancies in women with POI. Building on previous reports on the effects of bone marrow transplants on fertility after chemotherapy, another approach involved autologous stem cell ovarian transplantation (ASCOT). The method proved effective in achieving live births in women previously diagnosed with POR. A third approach, intraovarian injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma, resulted in live births and ongoing pregnancies both spontaneously and via in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women with POI and POR.

Summary
New paths are being charted to address the issues of POI and POR. Although these are preliminary studies that should be interpreted with caution, they represent great promise for the women affected by these conditions and the physicians treating them.
Circulating biomarkers to assess cardiovascular function in critically ill
Authors: van Lier Dirk , Pickkers Peter 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Circulatory shock is one of the most common reasons for ICU admission. Mortality rates in excess of 40% necessitate the rapid identification of high-risk patients, as well as the early assessment of effects of initiated treatments. There is an unmet medical need for circulating biomarkers that may improve patient stratification, predict responses to treatment interventions and may even be a target for novel therapies, enabling a better biological rationale to personalize therapy.

Recent findings
Apart from established biomarkers such as lactate, ScvO2 or NT-pro-BNP, novel biomarkers, including adrenomedullin, angiopoietins, angiotensin I/II ratios, renin and DPP3 show promise, as they are all associated with well defined, therapeutically addressable molecular pathways that are dysregulated during circulatory shock. Although some of the therapies related to these biomarkers are still in preclinical stages of development, they may represent personalized treatment opportunities for patients in circulatory shock.

Summary
From a molecular perspective, shock represents a highly heterologous syndrome, in which multiple unique pathways are dysregulated. Assessment of the status of these pathways with circulating biomarkers may provide a unique opportunity to detect specific phenotypes and implement personalized medicine in the treatment of circulatory shock.
What Ever Happened to Nostalgia (the Diagnosis)?
Authors: Weiss Kenneth J. , Dube Anish Ranjan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nostalgia and homesickness are not currently regarded as mental disorders. The psychic pain associated with longing to return home had been considered a mental disorder for centuries, especially in Europe, where it was a sign of moral weakness between nations. Nostalgia's effects on American Civil War soldiers—anxiety, depression, and sleep and appetite disturbances, for example—were described by clinicians and linked to significant morbidity and mortality. Since then, although these effects of combat have been of interest, focus has shifted to psychic trauma, relegating the concept of nostalgia to an unclassified but commonly encountered condition. Besides wartime trauma, symptomatic conditions related to nostalgia have been described among displaced persons and refugees living in the diaspora longing for their homelands (e.g., social displacement syndrome). More recently, nostalgia has pervaded culture as a benign pastime, with no implications for psychopathology. Finally, the longing for return to an idyllic or imagined lifestyle has returned amid worldwide quarantining and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this new sense, nostalgia has become a remedy rather than a disease. We identify four major iterations of nostalgia: the medical condition of homesickness, the condition studied in wartime, the application to migration and social displacement, and as a remedy for existential anxiety. We conclude that nostalgia per se is neither pathological nor normative, but a consistent phenomenon in human existence that should not be overlooked in cultural assessment and psychotherapy.
Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Depression Among Individuals With Dermatological and Body Dysmorphic Concerns
Authors: Boullion Gina Q. , Witcraft Sara M. , Schadegg Mary J. , Perry Megan M. , Dixon Laura J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Existing literature demonstrates strong links between emotion regulation (ER) difficulties and depression. Although high rates of depression are observed among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and skin disease, little is known about these co-occurring syndromes. To advance our understanding of a vulnerable population, this study examined facets of ER difficulties in relation to depression among adults with skin disease symptoms and body dysmorphic concerns (N = 97). Participants were recruited online and completed self-report measures. The overall hierarchical regression model accounted for 61.6% of the variance in depression. After controlling for anxiety and stress, ER difficulties added 9.9% unique variance. In particular, limited access to ER strategies was the only ER dimension significantly associated with depression. This study integrates divergent literatures and suggests the important role of ER difficulties in depression in this unique sample, thereby highlighting directions for future investigation.
Structured illumination microscopy and image scanning microscopy: a review and comparison of imaging properties
Authors: Sheppard Colin J. R. 
Published: April 2021

Structured illumination microscopy and image scanning microscopy are two microscopical tech- niques, rapidly increasing in practical application, that can result in improvement in transverse spatial resolution, and/or improvement in axial imaging performance. The history and principles of these techniques are reviewed, and the imaging properties of the two methods compared.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.
Improving axial resolution in Structured Illumination Microscopy using deep learning
Authors: Boland Miguel A. , Cohen Edward A. K. , Flaxman Seth R. , Neil Mark A. A. 
Published: April 2021

Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) is a widespread methodology to image live and fixed biological structures smaller than the diffraction limits of conventional optical microscopy. Using recent advances in image up-scaling through deep learning models, we demonstrate a method to reconstruct 3D SIM image stacks with twice the axial resolution attainable through conventional SIM reconstructions. We further demonstrate our method is robust to noise and evaluate it against two-point cases and axial gratings. Finally, we discuss potential adaptions of the method to further improve resolution.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (part 1)’.
Risk factors associated with severe outcomes of COVID-19: A systematic rapid review to inform national guidance on vaccine prioritization in Canada
Authors: Gates Michelle , Pillay Jennifer , Wingert Aireen , Guitard Samantha , Rahman Sholeh , Zakher Bernadette , Gates Allison , Hartling Lisa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo inform vaccine prioritization guidance in Canada, we systematically reviewed evidence on the magnitude of association between risk factors and severe outcomes of COVID-19. The urgent nature of this review necessitated an adapted methodology, which may serve as an exemplar for reviews undertaken under strict timelines.MethodsWe updated our existing review by searching online databases and websites for cohort studies providing multivariate adjusted associations. After piloting, one author screened studies and extracted data. Two authors estimated the magnitude of association between exposures and outcomes as little-to-no (odds, risk, or hazard ratio <2.0, or >0.50 for reduction), large (2.0-3.9, or 0.50-0.26 for reduction), or very large (≥4.0, or ≤0.25 for reduction), and rated the evidence certainty using GRADE.ResultsOf 11,734 unique records we included 134 reports. There is probably (moderate certainty) at least a large increase in mortality from COVID-19 among people aged 60-69 vs. <60 years (11 studies, n=517,217), with ≥2 vs. no comorbidities (4 studies, n=189,608), and for people with (vs. without): Down syndrome (1 study, n>8 million), type 1 and 2 diabetes (1 study, n>8 million), end-stage kidney disease (1 study, n>8 million), motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, or Huntington’s disease (as a grouping; 1 study, n>8 million). The magnitude of association with mortality is probably very large for Down syndrome and may (low certainty) be very large for age 60-69 years, and diabetes. There is probably little-to-no increase in severe outcomes with several cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, and for adult males vs. females.ConclusionThere is strong evidence to support at least a large increase in mortality from COVID-19 among older adults aged 60 to 69 years versus <60 years; people having two or more versus no comorbidities; and for people affected by several pre-existing conditions. The methodology employed in this review may provide an important exemplar for future syntheses undertaken under urgent timelines.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO #CRD42021230185.
Hierarchical chromatin regulation during blood formation uncovered by single-cell sortChIC
Authors: Zeller Peter , Yeung Jake , de Barbanson Buys Anton , Gaza Helena Viñas , Florescu Maria , van Oudenaarden Alexander 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYPost-translational histone modifications modulate chromatin packing to regulate gene expression. How chromatin states, at euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, underlie cell fate decisions in single cells is relatively unexplored. We develop sort assisted single-cell chromatin immunocleavage (sortChIC) and map active (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) histone modifications in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and mature blood cells in the mouse bone marrow. During differentiation, HSPCs acquire distinct active chromatin states that depend on the specific cell fate, mediated by cell type-specifying transcription factors. By contrast, most regions that gain or lose repressive marks during differentiation do so independent of cell fate. Joint profiling of H3K4me1 and H3K9me3 demonstrates that cell types within the myeloid lineage have distinct active chromatin but share similar myeloid-specific heterochromatin-repressed states. This suggests hierarchical chromatin regulation during hematopoiesis: heterochromatin dynamics define differentiation trajectories and lineages, while euchromatin dynamics establish cell types within lineages.
Predicting intraspecific trait variation among California's grasses
Authors: Sandel Brody , Pavelka Claire , Hayashi Thomas , Charles Lachlan , Funk Jennifer , Halliday Fletcher W. , Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Kleinhesselink Andrew R. , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Larios Loralee , Madsen‐McQueen Tesa , Spasojevic Marko J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Plant species can show considerable morphological and functional variation along environmental gradients. This intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can have important consequences for community assembly, biotic interactions, ecosystem functions and responses to global change. However, directly measuring ITV across many species and wide geographic areas is often infeasible. Thus, a method to predict spatial variation in a species’ functional traits could be valuable.

We measured specific leaf area (SLA), height and leaf area (LA) of grasses across California, covering 59 species at 230 sampling locations. We asked how these traits change along climate gradients within each species and used machine learning to predict local trait values for any species at any location based on phylogenetic position, local climate and that species’ mean traits. We then examined how much these local predictions alter patterns of assemblage‐level trait variation across the state.

Most species exhibited higher SLA and grew taller at higher temperatures and produced larger leaves in drier conditions. The random forests predicted spatial variation in functional traits very accurately, with correlations up to 0.97. Because trait records were spatially biased towards warmer areas, and these areas tend to have higher SLA individuals within each species, species means of SLA were upwardly biased. As a result, using species means over‐estimates SLA in the cooler regions of the state. Our results also suggest that height may be substantially under‐predicted in the warmest areas.

Synthesis. Using only species mean traits to characterize the functional composition of communities risks introducing substantial error into trait‐based estimates of ecosystem properties including decomposition rates or NPP. The high performance of random forests in predicting local trait values provides a way forward for estimating high‐resolution patterns of ITV without a massive data collection effort.
The Delegation Theory of Judicial Review
Authors: Ahmed Farrah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper offers an interpretive theory which aims to make sense of judicial review doctrine in light of its underlying rationale. The idea that administrators are delegates of Parliament or the Crown lies at the heart of this theory. The paper argues that the best internal rationale for judicial review doctrine is that it holds administrators to their moral duties qua delegates of Parliament or the Crown. This rationale closely fits legal doctrine, including the grounds of review and the scope of review; it reveals the underlying coherence of the law; it shows how the law is supported by some moral reasons; and it closely reflects judicial reasoning. The delegation theory is valuable for normative, predictive, reformatory and pedagogical reasons. It can provide guidance to judges, help to predict how they will decide, help to assess the law, help to evaluate reform proposals and enhance understanding of judicial review amongst administrators, legal practitioners and students.
Gray Areas in Tort: Illegality and Authority after Patel v Mirza
Authors: Fisher James C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis comment describes and critiques the decision of the United Kingdom Supreme Court in Henderson v Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation Trust. It considers in particular the Court's position on the effect of Patel v Mirza on previous illegality case law. It analyses the enduring tensions between Patel and the House of Lords’ decision in Gray v Thames Trains, which the Supreme Court in Henderson upheld as enduringly authoritative notwithstanding the rearticulation of the illegality principle in Patel. It assesses the logical problems in the Supreme Court's position, and contextualises it as an attempt to mitigate Patel ‘s potentially disruptive effects on legal certainty.
Iconographic and archaeometric studies on the rock art at Musayqira, Al‐Quwaiyah Governorate, central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Andreae Meinrat O. , Al‐Amri Abdullah , Al‐Jibrin Faisal Hamad , Alsharekh Abdullah M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigated the rock art (petroglyphs) in the Al‐Quwaiyah Governorate (Saudi Arabia) with focus on the Musayqira site. Iconographic analysis showed a broad variety of human depictions, game animals (ibex, ass, ostrich, lion, etc.), domestic animals (cattle, camel, horse, dog, etc.), inscriptions and abstract symbols. Archaeometric measurements by pXRF provided the areal densities of Mn on petroglyphs and intact rock varnish. Varnish accumulation rates were derived from Mn density measurements on inscriptions of known approximate age. Applying these rates to varnish densities on the petroglyphs yielded age estimates. Some of the rock art was incised in fracture fill rather than true varnish, complicating the interpretation of the data. The combination of iconographic and archaeometric data indicated multiple phases of rock art creation, corresponding to the Late Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Islamic Period, with different artistic traditions, reflecting changing socioeconomic and ecological conditions.