bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional interplay within the epitranscriptome: Reality or fiction?
Authors: Worpenberg Lina , Paolantoni Chiara , Roignant Jean‐Yves 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRNA modifications have recently emerged as an important regulatory layer of gene expression. The most prevalent and reversible modification on messenger RNA (mRNA), N6‐methyladenosine, regulates most steps of RNA metabolism and its dysregulation has been associated with numerous diseases. Other modifications such as 5‐methylcytosine and N1‐methyladenosine have also been detected on mRNA but their abundance is lower and still debated. Adenosine to inosine RNA editing is widespread on coding and non‐coding RNA and can alter mRNA decoding as well as protect against autoimmune diseases. 2′‐O‐methylation of the ribose and pseudouridine are widespread on ribosomal and transfer RNA and contribute to proper RNA folding and stability. While the understanding of the individual role of RNA modifications has now reached an unprecedented stage, still little is known about their interplay in the control of gene expression. In this review we discuss the examples where such interplay has been observed and speculate that with the progress of mapping technologies more of those will rapidly accumulate.
Detection of multiple change points in a Weibull accelerated failure time model using sequential testing
Authors: Gierz Kristine , Park Kayoung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith improvements to cancer diagnoses and treatments, incidences and mortality rates have changed. However, the most commonly used analysis methods do not account for such distributional changes. In survival analysis, change point problems can concern a shift in a distribution for a set of time‐ordered observations, potentially under censoring or truncation. We propose a sequential testing approach for detecting multiple change points in the Weibull accelerated failure time model, since this is sufficiently flexible to accommodate increasing, decreasing, or constant hazard rates and is also the only continuous distribution for which the accelerated failure time model can be reparameterized as a proportional hazards model. Our sequential testing procedure does not require the number of change points to be known; this information is instead inferred from the data. We conduct a simulation study to show that the method accurately detects change points and estimates the model. The numerical results along with real data applications demonstrate that our proposed method can detect change points in the hazard rate.
Evaluation of green and efficient deep eutectic solvents as media for extracting alkaloids from lotus leaf
Authors: Liu Yongjing , Chen Qiang , Zhang Suxia , Zhang Hua , Xu Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) were applied as eco‐friendly solvents in this study for the extraction of alkaloids from lotus leaf, including O‐nornuciferine, N‐nornuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine. A series of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DESs with different hydrogen bond donors and a acceptors were synthesized and screened for a suitable DESs for extraction of alkaloids from lotus leaf. The study results showed that the hydrophilic DES with choline chloride and propanediol had the highest extraction yield. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency—choline chloride–propanediol ratio, water content in deep eutectic solvents, solid–liquid ratio and extraction time—were investigated via a single‐factor experiment. The optimized extraction conditions were 30% of water in choline chloride–propanediol (1:4) for heated extraction for 30 min and solid–liquid ratio 1:100 g/ml. Under optimum conditions, the extraction yields of O‐nornuciferine, N‐nornuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine were 0.069, 0.152, 0.334 and 0.041 g/100 g respectively, which were higher than those of methanol in acidified aqueous solution. This study suggests considerable potential for DESs as promising materials for the green and efficient extraction solvents for bioactive alkaloids from natural sources.
Consumption‐based carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in Chile
Authors: Kirikkaleli Dervis , Güngör Hasan , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the effect of financial development and renewable energy consumption on consumption‐based CO2 emissions in Chile while controlling for economic growth and electricity consumption. Based on the aim of the paper, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds with Kripfganz and Schneider's (2018) approximations, fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and gradual shift causality tests are applied in this study. The outcomes clearly reveal that while financial development and renewable energy consumption reduce the consumption‐based CO2 emissions in Chile, economic growth and electricity consumption increase consumption‐based carbon emissions. The gradual shift causality test provides consistent results with ARDL, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators. Therefore, policymakers in Chile should dynamically encourage the research and development of low‐carbon technologies and renewable energy investments while imported nonrenewable energy sources level should be targeted, and especially those sectors which are more energy‐intensive and causing to increase in consumption‐based CO2 emissions.
Diagnosing intellectual disability in people with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A function of which diagnostic manual is used?
Authors: Greenspan Stephen , Novick Brown Natalie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the largest known cause of intellectual disability (ID), and forensic experts are often called upon to determine if a defendant with FASD qualifies for a diagnosis of ID. Whether such a diagnosis is made may depend upon the diagnosing expert's choice of diagnostic manual: guidelines published by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (now in its 12th edition [AAIDD‐12]) or the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). Although both manuals use the same three diagnostic “prongs” (i.e., intellectual deficits, adaptive deficits, and developmental onset), there are substantial differences in the way all three prongs are assessed—differences that increased with the publication of AAIDD‐12. In particular, AAIDD‐12 uses a bureaucratic “disability” model, with narrow emphasis on a small number of quantitative indicators and limited opportunity for clinical integration, while DSM‐5 (and the little‐changed forthcoming DSM‐5‐TR) uses a medical “disorder” model, with flexible reliance on a broad array of indicators and opportunity for clinical integration. The origins and nature of these differences are explored, and an argument is made that compared to the AAIDD formulation, the DSM model provides a more valid basis for forensic diagnosis of ID in individuals with FASD.
Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with melanoma and central nervous system metastases: A real‐world study
Authors: Tawbi Hussein , To Tu My , Bartley Karen , Sadetsky Natalia , Burton Elizabeth , Haydu Lauren , McKenna Edward 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with melanoma and central nervous system (CNS) metastases have poor survival outcomes. We investigated real‐world treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) of patients with melanoma and CNS metastases.MethodsA retrospective analysis utilizing a nationwide de‐identified electronic health record‐derived database was undertaken in patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma between January 2011 and September 2018. Patients with any visit ≤90 days of metastatic diagnosis and with confirmed CNS metastases were included.ResultsOf 3473 patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma, 791 patients with confirmed CNS metastases were identified and included in this analysis. Synchronous CNS metastasis (≤30 days of metastatic diagnosis) was associated with longer median OS than metachronous CNS metastasis (>30 days after metastatic diagnosis, 0.58 vs 0.42 years). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was the most common treatment (40.5%) alone or in combination with other local or systemic therapies, being more frequent in patients diagnosed in 2015+ versus 2011–2014 (44.1% vs 35.5%, respectively). The most common systemic treatment was immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; 30.5%), predominantly anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) alone (2011–2014) and anti‐programmed death‐1 alone or in combination with anti–CTLA‐4 (2015+). Median OS was longest in SRS‐treated patients (1.17 years) regardless of number of CNS metastases. Median OS for SRS‐treated patients increased from 0.83 years (2011–2014) to 1.75 years (2015+). In multivariable analysis, the effect of SRS remained significant after adjustment for sex, race, intracranial and extracranial disease burden, and timing of CNS metastases. Interaction testing to examine potential synergy between SRS/whole‐brain radiation therapy and ICIs found no significant interaction.ConclusionsDespite advances in treatment, patients with melanoma and CNS metastases have poor survival outcomes. Prevalence of SRS increased over time and was associated with improved outcomes.
Synthesis and in Silico Docking Studies of Ethyl 2‐(2‐Arylidene‐1‐alkylhydrazinyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylates as Antiglycating Agents
Authors: Shahzadi Kiran , Haroon Muhammad , Khalid Muhammad , Akhtar Tashfeen , Ghous Tahseen , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Imran Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEthyl 2‐(2‐arylidene‐1‐alkylhydrazinyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylates (1a–k) were synthesized by alkylation on HN‐ of ethyl 2‐(2‐arylidenehydrazinyl)thiazole‐4‐carboxylates. The proposed structures (1a–k) are corroborated by spectro‐analytical techniques like UV, FT‐IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR and HR‐MS. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antiglycation and antioxidant assays. The in vitro antiglycation results revealed promising activity of compounds 1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, 1f, 1g, 1j and 1k with IC50 values 0.0004±1.097‐17.22±0.538 μM when compared to standard, aminoguanidine (IC50=25.50±0.337 μM). Among all tested compounds 1j and 1k are the best antiglycating agents with IC50 values 1.848±0.646 and 0.0004±1.097 μM, respectively. The in‐silico studies also agree with these results where binding energy for 1j and 1k was found to be −9.25 and −8.42 kcal/mol with calculated dissociation constants of 0.16 and 0.67 μM, respectively. The antiglycation results demonstrate the application of these compounds in reducing diabetic complications.
Ischemic lumbosacral plexopathy after embolization of type 2 endoleak: Progress and functional outcome
Authors: Ng Kuan Geok , Ho Derek Chunyin , Wee Tze Chao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn endoleak is a complication that can occur after an endovascular aneurysm repair. We report a rare case of ischemic lumbosacral plexopathy post embolization of type 2 endoleak, including its presentation, neurological progress, rehabilitation strategy and functional outcome.
Crystal‐storing histiocytosis and Bing‐Neel‐like syndrome revealing a small B‐cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, presumed to be a marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Lequain Hippolyte , Gerfaud‐Valentin Mathieu , Fontaine Juliette , Ferrant Emmanuelle , Grumet Pierre , Jamilloux Yvan , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Sève Pascal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCrystal‐storing histiocytosis and Bing‐Neel syndrome are two diseases induced by paraproteins. Herein, we report a rare case of crystal‐storing histiocytosis associated with Bing‐Neel‐like neurological manifestations in the context of a small B‐cell lymphoma with plasmacytic differentiation, presumed to be a marginal zone lymphoma.
Fiberoptic‐guided tracheal intubation under precise anesthesia and topicalization with spontaneous respiration preservation for an uncooperative patient with severe postburn mentosternal contracture
Authors: Wang Zhi , Yang Yong , Chen Yang , Yi Bin , Lu Kaizhi , Chen Bing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAirway management of patients with difficult airways is a challenge to the anesthesiologists and awake tracheal intubation is the recommended strategy. Successful fiberoptic‐guided tracheal intubation under precise anesthesia and topicalization with spontaneous respiration preservation was achieved in an uncooperative patient with severe postburn mentosternal contracture scheduled for release of contracture.
Uranium(IV) Thio‐ and Selenoether Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Computational Investigation of U−ER2Interactions
Authors: Gray Novan A. G. , Price Jeffrey S. , Emslie David J. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRigid thioether‐ and selenoether‐containing pincer proligands H[AS2] (1) and H[ASe2] (2) were synthesized, and deprotonation provided the potassium salts [K(AS2)(dme)] (3) and [K(ASe2)(dme)2] (4). Reaction of two equivalents of3or4with [UI4(dioxane)2] afforded the uranium thioether complex [(AS2)2UI2] (5) and the first example of a uranium‐selenoether complex, [(ASe2)2UI2] (6). X‐ray structures revealed distorted square antiprismatic geometries in which the AE2ligands are κ3‐coordinated. The nature of the U−ER2bonding in5and6, as well as methyl‐free analogues of5and6and a hypothetical ether analogue, was investigated computationally (including NBO, AIM, and ELF calculations) illustrating increasing covalency from O to S to Se.
Regioselective Fluorination of Acenes: Tailoring of Molecular Electronic Levels and Solid‐State Properties
Authors: Bischof Daniel , Tripp Matthias W. , Hofmann Philipp E. , Ip Chun‐Ho , Ivlev Sergei I. , Gerhard Marina , Koert Ulrich , Witte Gregor 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptoelectronic properties of molecular solids are important for organic electronic devices and are largely determined by the adopted molecular packing motifs. In this study, we analyzed such structure‐property relationships for the partially regioselective fluorinated tetracenes 1,2,12‐trifluorotetracene, 1,2,10,12‐tetrafluorotetracene and 1,2,9,10,11‐pentafluorotetracene that were further compared with tetracene and perfluoro‐tetracene. Quantum chemical DFT calculations in combination with optical absorption spectroscopy data show that the frontier orbital energies are lowered with the degree of fluorination, while their optical gap is barely affected. However, the crystal structure changes from a herringbone packing motif of tetracene towards a planar stacking motif of the fluorinated tetracene derivatives, which is accompanied by the formation of excimers and leads to strongly red‐shifted photoluminescence with larger lifetimes.
Racial disparities in mortality outcomes among women diagnosed with breast cancer in Maryland: Impact of cardiovascular disease and clinical characteristics
Authors: Connor Avonne E. , Kaur Maneet , Sheng Jennifer Y. , Hayes Jennifer H. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundAlthough racial disparities in breast cancer (BC) mortality have been well documented in the United States, little is known about the impact of coexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other clinical factors on Black‐White survival disparities after the diagnosis of BC. This study examined the associations of race, CVD, and clinical factors at diagnosis with the hazard of BC and CVD‐related mortality among patients with BC identified from the Maryland Cancer Registry.MethodsA total of 36,088 women (25,181 Whites and 10,907 Blacks) diagnosed with incident invasive BC between 2007 and 2017 were included. Subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) for CVD‐related and BC mortality were estimated with Fine and Gray regression models, which accounted for the influence of competing events.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 5.8 years, 8019 deaths occurred; 3896 were BC deaths, and 1167 deaths were CVD‐related. Black women had a higher hazard of BC mortality (sdHR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55‐1.77) and CVD mortality (sdHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.51) in comparison with White women. Associations with CVD mortality were significantly stronger among Black women aged 50 to 59 years (sdHR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.84‐4.44; P for interaction < .001). Among Black women with CVD, the hazard of BC death was 41% higher in comparison with White women. By treatment, a significant association with CVD mortality was observed only among Black women undergoing surgery and radiation (sdHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.13).ConclusionsClinicians should consider the impact of younger age, preexisting CVD, and BC treatments among Black patients. Early identification of those at risk for worse survival may improve surveillance and outcomes.
Risk stratification for cervical neoplasia using extended high‐risk HPV genotyping in women with ASC‐US cytology: A large retrospective study from China
Authors: Tao Xiang , Austin R. Marshall , Yu Ting , Zhong Fangfang , Zhou Xianrong , Cong Qing , Sui Long , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundExtended high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotype testing (hrHPVGT) has emerged as a new strategy to help optimize the efficiency of hrHPV triage.MethodsWomen with an atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) cervical Papanicolaou test result who underwent hrHPVGT between October 2017 and May 2021 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China, were studied. For hrHPVGT, a proprietary multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was used. hrHPVGT and viral load test results in selected patients were correlated with histopathologic follow‐up findings available within 6 months.ResultsIn total, 17,235 women with ASC‐US cytology who had hrHPVGT results were identified in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University database. The hrHPV‐positive rate was 61.8%, and the most prevalent hrHPV genotypes were type 52 (HPV52) (16%), HPV16 (11.3%), HPV58 (10.2%), and HPV53 (8.4%). Single hrHPV genotypes were detected in 65.9% of women with hrHPV‐positive results, and multiple genotypes were detected in 34.1%. Histopathologic cervical findings within 6 months were available in 5627 hrHPV‐positive women and 2223 hrHPV‐negative women. High‐grade cervical intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or greater [CIN2+]) were identified in 7.5% of hrHPV‐positive women who had ASC‐US cytology and in 0.9% of hrHPV‐negative women who had ASC‐US cytology. The greatest risk for CIN2+ was in single hrHPV genotype infections with HPV16 (21.1%), HPV33 (15.2%), HPV82 (10%), and HPV18 (9.9%). hrHPVGT for genotypes HPV16, HPV33, HPV82, HPV18, HPV31, HPV45, HPV58, and HPV52 identified 95% of CIN2+ cases with 90.8% sensitivity, 53.8% specificity, a positive predictive value of 10.2%, and a negative predictive value of 99%. A significantly increased viral load was associated only with women who had HPV16‐related CIN2+.ConclusionshrHPVGT for women who have ASC‐US cytology allows for risk stratification capable of optimizing the efficiency of triage for hrHPV‐positive women.
Cancer incidence among people living with HIV in Zimbabwe: A record linkage study
Authors: Shamu Tinei , Rohner Eliane , Chokunonga Eric , Spoerri Adrian , Mandiriri Ardele , Chimbetete Cleophas , Egger Matthias , Bohlius Julia , Borok Margaret 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk of developing cancer. Cancer diagnoses are often incompletely captured at antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics.AimTo estimate the incidence and explore risk factors of cancer in a cohort of PLWH in Harare using probabilistic record linkage (PRL).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that included PLWH aged ≥16 years starting ART between 2004 and 2017. We used PRL to match records from the Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) with electronic medical records from an ART clinic in Harare to investigate the incidence of cancer among PLWH initiating ART. We matched records based on demographic data followed by manual clerical review. We followed PLWH up until first cancer diagnosis, death, loss to follow‐up, or 31 December 2017, whichever came first.ResultsWe included 3442 PLWH (64.9% female) with 19 346 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up. Median CD4 count at ART initiation was 169 cells/mm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 82–275), median age was 36.6 years (IQR: 30.6–43.4). There were 66 incident cancer cases for an overall incidence rate of 341/100 000 PY (95% confidence interval [CI]: 268–434). Twenty‐two of these cases were recorded in the ZNCR only. The most common cancers were cervical cancer (n = 16; 123/100 000 PY; 95% CI: 75–201), Kaposi sarcoma, and lymphoma (both n = 12; 62/100 000 PY; 95% CI: 35–109). Cancer incidence increased with age and decreased with higher CD4 cell counts at ART initiation.ConclusionPRL was key to correct for cancer under‐ascertainment in this cohort. The most common cancers were infection‐related types, reinforcing the role of early HIV treatment, human papillomavirus vaccination, and cervical cancer screening for cancer prevention in this setting.
Frequency‐Selective Manipulations of Spins allow Effective and Robust Transfer of Spin Order from Parahydrogen to Heteronuclei in Weakly‐Coupled Spin Systems
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Schmidt Andreas B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present a selectively pulsed (SP) generation of sequences to transfer the spin order of parahydrogen (pH2) to heteronuclei in weakly coupled spin systems. We analyze and discuss the mechanism and efficiency of SP spin order transfer (SOT) and derive sequence parameters. These new sequences are most promising for the hyperpolarization of molecules at high magnetic fields. SP‐SOT is effective and robust despite the symmetry of the 1H‐13C J‐couplings even when precursor molecules are not completely labeled with deuterium. As only one broadband 1H pulse is needed per sequence, which can be replaced for instance by a frequency‐modulated pulse, lower radiofrequency (RF) power is required. This development will be useful to hyperpolarize (new) agents and to perform the hyperpolarization within the bore of an MRI system, where the limited RF power has been a persistent problem.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) from Pyrene‐Appended Cyclohexanediamides and Photoirradiation‐Tuned CPL Inversion
Authors: Xue Chenlu , Xu Lifei , Wang Han‐Xiao , Li Tiesheng , Liu Minghua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has been achieved in various chiral molecules and self‐assembled systems, but it remains a challenge to modulate CPL signals. To address this issue, a pair of enantiomeric pyrene‐appended cyclohexanediamide derivativesS,S/R,R‐CHPA with a V‐shaped conformation was designed and their CPL generation and photo‐response were investigated. Owing to the peculiar spatial location of the two pyrene segments in each molecule, CHPA emitted strong circularly polarized excimer emission (CPEE) with a |glum|value up to 1.49×10−2. Due to the presence of the vinylene groups, the optical properties could be regulated by UV light. It was found that under 365 nm irradiation, the absorption and emission bands of CHPA exhibited a pronounced hypochromatic shift, and the bluish white fluorescence gradually turned into dark blue. More intriguingly, these spectral changes were accompanied by a chirality inversion both in the ground and excited states as demonstrated by CD and CPL spectra, which could be attributed to the photoinducedE–Zisomerization of the vinylene groups. This work provides an extraordinary example in which the CPL signal of a single organic molecule could be efficiently inverted.