bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain-wide functional diffuse optical tomography of resting state networks
Authors: Khan Ali F , Zhang Fan , Yuan Han , Ding Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has the potential in reconstructing resting state networks (RSNs) in human brains with high spatio-temporal resolutions and multiple contrasts. While several RSNs have been reported and successfully reconstructed using DOT, its full potential in recovering a collective set of distributed brain-wide networks with the number of RSNs close to those reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been demonstrated. Approach. The present study developed a novel brain-wide DOT (BW-DOT) framework that integrates a cap-based whole-head optode placement system with multiple computational approaches, i.e. finite-element modeling, inverse source reconstruction, data-driven pattern recognition, and statistical correlation tomography, to reconstruct RSNs in dual contrasts of oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobins (HbR). Main results. Our results from the proposed framework revealed a comprehensive set of RSNs and their subnetworks, which collectively cover almost the entire neocortical surface of the human brain, both at the group level and individual participants. The spatial patterns of these DOT RSNs suggest statistically significant similarities to fMRI RSN templates. Our results also reported the networks involving the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus that had been missed in previous DOT studies. Furthermore, RSNs obtained from HbO and HbR suggest similarity in terms of both the number of RSN types reconstructed and their corresponding spatial patterns, while HbR RSNs show statistically more similarity to fMRI RSN templates and HbO RSNs indicate more bilateral patterns over two hemispheres. In addition, the BW-DOT framework allowed consistent reconstructions of RSNs across individuals and across recording sessions, indicating its high robustness and reproducibility, respectively. Significance. Our present results suggest the feasibility of using the BW-DOT, as a neuroimaging tool, in simultaneously mapping multiple RSNs and its potential values in studying RSNs, particularly in patient populations under diverse conditions and needs, due to its advantages in accessibility over fMRI.
Design of Automatic Rain Gauge Prototype (ARG) As An Early Warning Indicator for Cold Lava Flood Based on The Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Abimanyu  , Katriani L , Darmawan D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to design a prototype of automatic rain gauge, characterize the automatic rain gauge, rainfall classification as an indicator of cold lava flood, tested the automatic rain gauge prototype. The design of this tool includes three parts, the first is the reed switch block design. Second, designing an automatic rain gauge block by designing a tipping bucket. The third is designing IoT block and Android applications. The automatic rain gauge prototype was successfully designed with a 0.8 cm reed switch and a tipping bucket with a funnel area of 380 cm2 with a resolution of 0.1 mm and a maximum capacity of 9.4 mm/minute. The classification of rainfall as an indicator of cold lava flood is normal 0-15 mm, advisory 16-20 mm, watch 21-48 mm and warning > 48 mm, so that the early warning system prototype can display rainfall charts and warning alarms on the android application.
Conflict management and housewife community empowerment programs: Group dynamics process in empowerment programme
Authors: Daryanti Sri , Mayang Fenny Z , Radhiyya Fadhlillah Z , Annisah  , Rahmadhanie Syahputrie , Machdum Sari V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aims to explore and identify group dynamics and the potential product market insights for the economic empowerment program from this housewife community in Sawangan Baru, Depok, Indonesia. The housewife community calls itself “Ibu Hebat” who lives in Sawangan Baru, Depok, Indonesia. One dimension of group dynamics that must be considered and given the most significant attention is the conflict that occurs within the community. Conflict becomes a vital matter, and it should be viewed and managed well. This study showed that conflict in group dynamics could overcome difficulties and have more positive impacts on community empowerment. We used qualitative and quantitative methods. In Qualitative research, the author used observation and focus group discussion of ten participants of “Ibu Hebat” to assess the potential team conflict and their conflict-handling intention. From the team observation and focus group discussion of ten participants, the author found that the most significant conflict was process conflict. The preference for their conflict-handling intention is compromising, accommodating, and collaborating. We also used structured surveys to identify the potential product as part of the market research. The survey of fifty-one respondents indicated major consumer’s preference products are in healthy snacks at affordable prices.
The green open space functions as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort
Authors: Mbarep Daniel P P , Hasibuan Hayati S , Moersidik Setyo S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Kalijodo green open space has an area with a 48 % vegetation area. The ideal green open space has a vegetated area of 80 to 90%. This can affect its function as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort. This research examines the water absorption capability and the value of the thermal humidity index in the Kalijodo green open space. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Based on the research results, the water absorption capability that is owned is 54,56 %. The optimum value of water absorption capability is about 75 to 95 %. The value of the thermal humidity index obtained was 30,75, and it was in a very uncomfortable category. The comfortable category of thermal humidity index is less than 29. The Kalijodo green open space does not properly function as a water catchment area and thermal comfort source. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the Kalijodo green open space condition, especially in terms of vegetation conditions.
Effect of carbonisation temperature and activating agents on the characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Nurseta D Y , Utami R , Daisy  , Trilaksana M I A , Sumarlan S H , Wibisono Y 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to analyse the effect of carbonisation temperature and type of activating agent which were best to be used in the chemical activation process in the manufacture of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The process of making activated carbon consisted of three stages, i.e. dehydration, carbonisation, and activation process. The experimental design was a randomised block design arranged as factorial with two factors, i.e. the first factor was variations of carbonisation temperature: 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C the second factor was the variations of activating agent type: ZnCl2, CaCl2, CH3COOH, and without activation. The results showed that carbonisation temperature and the type of activating agent had a significant effect on the characteristics of the activated carbon. The best results were achieved using CH3COOH as the activating agent at by the 500°C. The characteristics of the best-activated carbon consisted of 5.78% of ash content, 19.84% volatile matter content, 74.39% fixed carbon content, 1007.320 mg/g adsorption of iodine solution. The Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) surface areas were up to 1110.87 m2/g and had a hollow surface structure, and open pores with a weight percentage atoms component of carbon reached 77.132%.
Classification of total carotene and quality of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) based on image analysis
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Utami R , Nurseta D Y , Daisy  , Nuryani S , Maharani D M , Sandra  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The process of sorting the chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) is done physically by using the human eye, based on the visual color uniformity of its skin. This method is not effective and efficient. This study aims to identify the total content of carotene in chili pepper using the color and textural features approach. Color feature extraction used is the value of RGB, HSV, HSL, XYZ, CMY, CMYK, Lab, LUV, LCH, grey color, and 10 textural features from each color-space. The feature extraction results were used to identify the total carotene content by the image analysis method. The image of chili peppers used was 360, consisting of 300 training data and 60 test data. Classification test results with a level of 20% produce the best parameters as an indicator of total carotene chili pepper i.e. hue mean features with a range for quality A (55.04 > hue mean > 32.15), quality B (19.80 > hue mean > 12.21), quality C (3.55 > hue mean > 1.93), and 80% accuracy using the confusion matrix and mean square error (MSE).
The sustainability challenges of the poultry industry during pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Yunita Ika , Hasibuan Sawarni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Increased awareness of social, economic, and environmental quality is a driving factor for sustainability studies in various industries, including the poultry industry. The poultry industry, especially broiler products, is classified as an industry that has complete supply chain components from upstream to downstream. Covid-19 has had a major impact on the industry, including the poultry industry. In June 2020, Indonesia’s inflation reached 0.18%, and broilers contributed to 0.14% as an implication of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper aims to identify sustainability challenges in the poultry industry during the Covid-19 pandemic condition. The results of this review literature found various sustainability challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic, including supply chain disruption, oversupply, human welfare, and animal welfare.
Physical properties of dried red chili (Capsicum annuum) var. Hot Beauty as a function of moisture content
Authors: Hawa L C , Diposari R P , Lutfi M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Dried red chili variety of Hot Beauty from local Malang city, East Java, Indonesia were determined experimentally at various water contents of 12.009, 13.005, 15.012, 17.248, and 19.003% (wet basis) then monitoring was done based on several physical parameters. The objectives of this research are to determine physical properties of chili such as length, width, thickness, roundness, mean diameter, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, coefficient of static friction (towards cardboard surface, metal plate, plywood board, and stainless steel), and compressive force at different moisture content. The results showed that geometrical dimension, roundness, mean diameter, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, and coefficient of static friction were linearly increased following the increase of water content. Otherwise, compressive force was decreased following the increase of water contents from 12.009 to 19.003% (wet basis). This can be happened due to high water content causing the increase of internal pressure on cell wall of dry red chili in which this pressure is naturally strengthen the structure of cell wall and make it more rigid.
Monitoring of fluorescence characteristic in tomato surface during over-ripening stage
Authors: Nurulhuda A , Al Riza D F , Muharfiza  , Kuramoto M , Suzuki T , Kondo N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After harvesting, the evaluation of tomato characteristics is essential to decide a correct postharvest handling process, maturity stages, and shelf-life prediction. Previous research shows that fluorescence imaging could be used to enhance the maturity level detection after the red stage. However, the correlation between external appearance and internal fluorescence change has not been studied well. In this research, tomato surface has been classified into two parts i.e. skin and flesh. The parts have been extracted, and the fluorescence characteristic has been monitored from red-stages to over-ripening. The fluorescence image changes are confirmed during the storages and correlated with the weight loss as a freshness index. The results show that the fluorescence characteristic of tomato skin and flesh is different. The highest fluorescence emission peak for excitation of 370 nm is 520 nm for the skin and 490 nm for the flesh. Both fluorescence intensity of skin and flesh changed during storage. Although both changes could affect the fluorescence images, confirming the previous result, the changes of the skin fluorescence are strong enough to be observed with an imaging method. Classification of fresh and spoilage tomato samples using weight loss and images were also conducted using a Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model with 92% accuracy. These results demonstrate the potential of fluorescence imaging to monitor tomato freshness during storage.
Performance evaluation of cassava peels starch-based edible coating incorporated with chitosan on the shelf-life of fresh-cut pineapples (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Maharsih I K , Pusfitasari M D , Putri C A S , Hidayat M T 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPostharvest treatment is one of the important factors that affected the shelf-life of fresh-cut pineapples (Ananas comosus). Pineapples have a short shelf life, that is 2-3 days after harvest without cold storage. Recently, the application of edible coatings is widely used to extend the shelf-life of pineapples. The edible coating can be produced from alginate, starch, chitosan, or aloe vera as the main composition. In this study, it is purposed to prolonged the storability of pineapples using starch-based edible coating combined with chitosan. Starch is obtained from cassava peels because they contain 44-59% of starch. On the other hand, chitosan acts as a stabilizer and antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, glycerol is added as a plasticizer in order to increase the elasticity of the edible film. The edible coating was prepared using various compositions of starch and glycerol (in % w/v), then 1% w/v of chitosan dissolved in ascorbic acid was added to the solution. The fresh-cut pineapples were dip-coated into the mixture. Subsequently, they were stored in the refrigerator at 12°C. Physicochemical properties of cassava peels starch-based edible coating were examined by functional groups analysis, solubility analysis, and pH measurement. The results showed that chitosan-modified edible coating with 5 % w/v of starch-0.6 ml/gr of glycerol can prolong the shelf-life of pineapples to 14 days. It had 58.46% solubility and 18% of increasing pH within 14 days. In addition, this variable obtained the highest score of overall acceptance in organoleptic evaluation, which was 5.47 out of 7.
Theoretical analysis of velocity, acceleration and torque calculation of a five-bar onion transplanting mechanism
Authors: Rasool K , Ali M , Chowdhury M , Kwon H J , Swe K M , Chung S O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The seedling transplanting mechanism is one of the key components of onion transplanter. Therefore, kinematic analysis of the transplanting mechanism is helpful to calculate the operational efficiency and performance of the device. The purpose of this study is to perform theoretical analysis of a five-bar mechanism to calculate the velocity, acceleration and input driving torque as well as to select the appropriate combination of link bars for smooth transplantation of onion seedlings. 3D model assembly of the mechanism was theoretically modelled and its motion was simulated by using commercial software. The five-bar mechanism is comprised of a driving link, driven link, connecting link, slider and the fixed slot. The movement of the slider was constrained to follow a fixed slot pathway, which was the combination of a straight line and a circular path along the driven link bar. Four number of simulation trials were conducted with different lengths of link bars for the selection of the appropriate link combination and respective peak velocities and accelerations. Driving torque was calculated at 30, 40, and 50 rpm speed of the driving link. The simulated velocities and accelerations of the end effector in ‘X’ and ‘Y’ directions for appropriate link combination were found as 0.36 m/sec, 0.73 m/sec and 4.5 m/sec2, 4.7 m/sec2 respectively. The required driving torque were observed 3.8 Nm at 30 rpm to complete the one cycle of onion seedling transplantation. The outcomes of this study would provide a significant reference for the validation and development of an efficient transplanting scheme for onion transplanting.
Effect of gear design on the power transmission unit of a small-sized multipurpose agricultural utility vehicle
Authors: Ali M , Islam M N , Chowdhury M , Khan N A , Rasool K , Chung S O 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, various gears were designed and evaluated to analyze the power transmission efficiency of a multipurpose agricultural utility vehicle. A computational simulation method was used to evaluate the effect of different models of power transmission systems before developing the vehicle. The 3D models of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 teeth spur gears were generated using SM45C steel using commercial software. The power transmission efficiency was analyzed by varying the gear teeth number, face width of the gear teeth, and estimated torque values. The gear modules of 3.2, 2.7, and 2.2 mm were used to model the spur gear train using the 1:1 gear ratio. The power transmission efficiency of the proposed utility vehicle was simulated using 5, 10, and 15 Nm of torque. The simulated results of the 3.2 mm gear module with 30 teeth spur gear showed better performance with maximum power loss compared to other gears. The maximum power transmission efficiency was recorded to be 99.94% when adjusted for 15 Nm torque. The designed gears with 25 mm and 15 mm face width achieved 99.90% and 99.92% transmission efficiency, respectively. It was observed that gears with smaller face width achieved better efficiency with minimal power loss. The simulation results presented in this study is suitable to design and develop a utility vehicle for multipurpose agricultural use.
Land consolidation (contiguous farming) for sustainable crop production for the agro-industry
Authors: Amongo R , Larona M , Onal M , Resurreccion A , Lalap G , Limbo M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Land Consolidation or Contiguous Farming in the Philippine setting is considered a prerequisite to large scale mechanization for improved efficiencies, optimize land utilization, and increase crop productivity. It is expected to increase farmers’ income and contribute to sustainable agricultural productivity. The implementation of Republic Act 10601 or Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law 2013, contiguous farming became one of the major flagship programs of the government. A project was conducted to study its implementation in the Philippine agricultural production system. Local and international benchmarking were conducted to document best practices and requirements of contiguous farming/land consolidation. Stakeholders from selected rice and corn producing areas in the country generally agreed on the implementation of contiguous farming. Technical, socio-economic, and institutional strategies, were identified for contiguous farming to succeed, including its strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities. The enabling environment were also discussed for the successful implementation of contiguous farming in the country. The study showed that land consolidation or contiguous farming is implementable in the Philippines subject to the necessary requirements crucial to its implementation.
ACSE (automatic canopy space expander): Automatic spacing system based on increasing plant canopy area on hydroponics for space efficiency
Authors: Jaenuri A , Hafizh M , Primatama S , Nugroho A P , Masithoh R E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Hydroponics is a solution to increase the amount of productivity of crops to offset the growing population growth in Indonesia. In hydroponics, the NFT system which is currently widely applied in industrial scale gardens uses a gully with a planting hole that has been set and is static. This is still inefficient in the use of space because there is still space left between the two plants when the plant canopy has not reached the end of the growth phase. Besides, farmers also need more energy to move plants from one gully to another when the canopy of plants has covered each other. To overcome this problem, an automatic spacer system is necessary. The objective of this study was to design an automatic canopy space expander based on increasing plant canopy area. The system is composed of a camera, motor driver, stepper motor, and helix conveyor. When the system detects overlapping canopies, the plant’s net pot will be shifted using a helix conveyor. The overlapping can be detected when the proportion of the width and height of the rectangle box that surrounding the canopy area is greater than 1: 1 with tolerance value ±0,2. The results of this study indicate that overlapping plant canopies can be detected through the filtering process and the calculation of the proportion of width and height of the rectangle box that covers the canopy area. The model of the ACSE system can increase the amount of crop productivity by not leaving any free space between the canopy but still keeping it from overlapping to pay attention to the level of competition of plants in getting sunlight.
Plant growth prediction model for lettuce (Lactuca sativa.) in plant factories using artificial neural network
Authors: Rizkiana A , Nugroho A P , Salma N M , Afif S , Masithoh R E , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the applications of precision agriculture is the monitoring of plant growth in a plant factory production to observe the behavior and predict the estimated yield of plant production. Plant growth is unique and is affected by internal and external factors, such as environmental conditions and nutrition supply. The estimation of plant growth considering the environmental conditions as well as initial plant height is necessary for plant management during the production cycle. Therefore, to answer the challenge, the purpose of this study was to develop a model of plant growth prediction using the resilient backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method with environmental parameter input at the plant factory and evaluate the model. The ANN model was tested using a different number of nodes at the hidden layer, which are 1 to 7 nodes with the input of daily average temperature, average daily humidity, EC, and light intensity and then produces high lettuce increase output for 45 days. The model was developed and tested using the lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in plant factory production. As a result of the evaluation, the best prediction model with ANN is using the network architecture 4-7-1 with the results of the interpretation of R2 on the training data, and testing data are 0.987 and 0.728. From the verification test of the developed model, it can be found that the most affecting way to optimize lettuce growth is the rate of EC in nutrition. The results of the RMSE model validation is 0.032. Accordingly, the developed model can be used to predict the height increase of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants in a plant factory.