bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Horizon Run 5 Cosmological Hydrodynamical Simulation: Probing Galaxy Formation from Kilo- to Gigaparsec Scales
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Shin Jihye , Snaith Owain N. , Kim Yonghwi , Few C. Gareth , Devriendt Julien , Dubois Yohan , Cox Leah M. , Hong Sungwook E. , Kwon Oh-Kyoung , Park Chan , Pichon Christophe , Kim Juhan , Gibson Brad K. , Park Changbom 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Horizon Run 5 (HR5) is a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation that captures the properties of the universe on a Gpc scale while achieving a resolution of 1 kpc. Inside the simulation box, we zoom in on a high-resolution cuboid region with a volume of 1049 × 119 × 127 cMpc3. The subgrid physics chosen to model galaxy formation includes radiative heating/cooling, UV background, star formation, supernova feedback, chemical evolution tracking the enrichment of oxygen and iron, the growth of supermassive black holes, and feedback from active galactic nuclei in the form of a dual jet-heating mode. For this simulation, we implemented a hybrid MPI-OpenMP version of RAMSES, specifically targeted for modern many-core many-thread parallel architectures. In addition to the traditional simulation snapshots, lightcone data were generated on the fly. For the post-processing, we extended the friends-of-friend algorithm and developed a new galaxy finder PGalF to analyze the outputs of HR5. The simulation successfully reproduces observations, such as the cosmic star formation history and connectivity of galaxy distribution, We identify cosmological structures at a wide range of scales, from filaments with a length of several cMpc, to voids with a radius of ∼ 100 cMpc. The simulation also indicates that hydrodynamical effects on small scales impact galaxy clustering up to very large scales near and beyond the baryonic acoustic oscillation scale. Hence, caution should be taken when using that scale as a cosmic standard ruler: one needs to carefully understand the corresponding biases. The simulation is expected to be an invaluable asset for the interpretation of upcoming deep surveys of the universe.
Black Hole Mass Measurements of Radio Galaxies NGC 315 and NGC 4261 Using ALMA CO Observations*
Authors: Boizelle Benjamin D. , Walsh Jonelle L. , Barth Aaron J. , Buote David A. , Baker Andrew J. , Darling Jeremy , Ho Luis C. , Cohn Jonathan , Kabasares Kyle M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 5 and Cycle 6 observations of CO (2−1) and CO (3−2) emission at 0.″2−0.″3 resolution in two radio-bright, brightest group/cluster early-type galaxies, NGC 315 and NGC 4261. The data resolve CO emission that extends within their black hole (BH) spheres of influence (r
g), tracing regular Keplerian rotation down to just tens of parsecs from the BHs. The projected molecular gas speeds in the highly inclined (i ≳ 60°) disks rise at least to 500 km s−1 near their galaxy centers. We fit dynamical models of thin-disk rotation directly to the ALMA data cubes and account for the extended stellar mass distributions by constructing galaxy surface brightness profiles corrected for a range of plausible dust extinction values. The best-fit models yield

for NGC 315 and

for NGC 4261, the latter of which is larger than previous estimates by a factor of ∼3. The BH masses are broadly consistent with the relations between BH masses and host galaxy properties. These are among the first ALMA observations to map dynamically cold gas kinematics well within the BH-dominated regions of radio galaxies, resolving the respective r
g by factors of ∼5−10. The observations demonstrate ALMA’s ability to precisely measure BH masses in active galaxies, which will enable more confident probes of accretion physics for the most massive galaxies.
The TW Hya Rosetta Stone Project. III. Resolving the Gaseous Thermal Profile of the Disk
Authors: Calahan Jenny K. , Bergin Edwin , Zhang Ke , Teague Richard , Cleeves Ilsedore , Bergner Jennifer , Blake Geoffrey A. , Cazzoletti Paolo , Guzmán Viviana , R. Hogerheijde Michiel , Huang Jane , Kama Mihkel , Loomis Ryan , Öberg Karin , Qi Charlie , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , van Scheltinga Jeroen Terwisscha , Walsh Catherine , Wilner David 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The thermal structure of protoplanetary disks is a fundamental characteristic of the system that has wide-reaching effects on disk evolution and planet formation. In this study, we constrain the 2D thermal structure of the protoplanetary disk TW Hya structure utilizing images of seven CO lines. This includes new ALMA observations of 12CO J = 2–1 and C18O J = 2–1 as well as archival ALMA observations of 12CO J = 3–2, 13CO J = 3–2 and 6–5, and C18O J = 3–2 and 6–5. Additionally, we reproduce a Herschel observation of the HD J = 1–0 line flux and the spectral energy distribution and utilize a recent quantification of CO radial depletion in TW Hya. These observations were modeled using the thermochemical code RAC2D, and our best-fit model reproduces all spatially resolved CO surface brightness profiles. The resulting thermal profile finds a disk mass of 0.025 M
⊙ and a thin upper layer of gas depleted of small dust with a thickness of ∼1.2% of the corresponding radius. Using our final thermal structure, we find that CO alone is not a viable mass tracer, as its abundance is degenerate with the total H2 surface density. Different mass models can readily match the spatially resolved CO line profiles with disparate abundance assumptions. Mass determination requires additional knowledge, and, in this work, HD provides the additional constraint to derive the gas mass and support the inference of CO depletion in the TW Hya disk. Our final thermal structure confirms the use of HD as a powerful probe of protoplanetary disk mass. Additionally, the method laid out in this paper is an employable strategy for extraction of disk temperatures and masses in the future.
Clonal dispersion of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit designed to patients COVID-19
Authors: Durán-Manuel Emilio Mariano , Cruz-Cruz Clemente , Ibáñez-Cervantes Gabriela , Bravata-Alcantará Juan Carlos , Sosa-Hernández Oscar , Delgado-Balbuena Laura , León-García Gregorio , Cortés-Ortíz Iliana Alejandra , Cureño-Díaz Monica Alethia , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela , Vélez-Reséndiz Juan Manuel , Bello-López Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV2 pandemic marks the need to pay attention to bacterial pathogens that can complicate the hospital stay of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). ESKAPE bacteria which includes Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae are considered the most important, because of their close relationship with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of this work was to identify and characterize ESKAPE bacteria and to detect their possible clonal spread in medical devices, patients, and medical personnel of the ICU for COVID-19 patients of the Hospital Juarez de Mexico.
Methodology: Genetic identification of ESKAPE bacteria was performed by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. Resistance assays were performed according to the CLSI guidelines. Assembly of AdeABCRS operon and inhibition assays of pumps efflux in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were performed. Associated gene involved in biofilm formation (icaA) was performed in isolates belonging to the Staphylococcus genus. Finally, typing by ERIC-PCR and characterization of mobile genetic element SCCmec were done.
Results: Heterogeneous distribution of ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE bacteria was detected in various medical devices, patients, and medical personnel. Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant ESKAPE members. The analysis of intergenic regions revealed an important clonal distribution of A. baumannii (AdeABCRS+). Genotyping of SCCmec mobile genetic elements and the icaA gene showed that there is no clonal distribution of S. aureus.
Conclusions: Clonal spread of A. baumannii (AdeABCRS+) highlights the importance of adopting good practices for equipment disinfection, surfaces and management of COVID-19 patients.
Evidence of community pharmacists’ response preparedness during COVID-19 public health crisis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: ElGeed Hager , Owusu Yaw , Abdulrhim Sara , Awaisu Ahmed , Kattezhathu Vyas S , Abdulrouf Palli Valapila , Sankaralingam Sowndramalingam 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Community pharmacists are often the first point of contact for the public, especially during pandemics. As outlined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation, community pharmacists have an important public health role during this Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. We therefore investigated the current practices, response preparedness and professional development needs of community pharmacists in Qatar.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional online 38-item questionnaire-based survey constructed on evidence-based public health roles of pharmacists was conducted between 28 May and 18 June 2020. Questions related to current practices required responses on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from “always” to “never”. The questionnaire was evaluated for validity and the reliability analysis showed a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.921.
Results: The response (n = 311) rate for the survey was 34.2%. More than 75% of pharmacists “always” encouraged and practiced hygiene and social distancing measures. On the other hand, the proportion of pharmacists “always” involved in patient assessment, education or providing information related to COVID-19 and application of evidence-based protocol ranged from 32 to 73%. The vast majority (87-96%) of pharmacists indicated that they needed professional development related to COVID-19. Overall, 77% of pharmacists either “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that they have all the necessary COVID-19 related emergency response preparedness and training. Country from which pharmacists obtained their first degree, and the type of pharmacy where they practice influenced their overall perception toward emergency response preparedness.
Conclusions: Community pharmacists in Qatar are willing to receive additional training related to COVID-19 public health crisis despite being prepared to engage with patients.
Investigation of the role of stray cats for transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans and animals living in İzmir, Turkey
Authors: Karakavuk Muhammet , Can Hüseyin , Selim Nebahat , Yeşilsiraz Berna , Atlı Evren , Atalay Şahar Esra , Demir Ferda , Gül Aytül , Özdemir Hüseyin Gökhan , Alan Nuray , Yalçın Mustafa , Özkurt Onur , Aras Murat , Çelik Tuncel , Can Şengül , Değirmenci Döşkaya Aysu , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Döşkaya Mert 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that has a widespread distribution among mammalians and birds. One of the reasons for the high prevalence may be due to ingesting oocyst disseminated by stray cats’ feces. In Turkey, most of the citizens are closely associated with stray cats and they love to pet and feed them on the streets. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in feces of stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey in order to identify the transmission potential to humans and other animals.
Methodology: Feces and blood samples of 465 stray cats were investigated for the presence of T. gondii oocysts by microscopy and for the presence of T. gondii DNA by two real time PCR methods. Furthermore, serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies using an ELISA.
Results: Oocysts were detected in 0.43% of the stray cats by microscopy. T. gondii DNA was detected in 14.37% of the stray cats’ feces samples. The seroprevalence rate was 37.84%. In the feces and/or blood PCR positive group, 35.89% of them were seropositive. Among the 176 seropositive cats, T. gondii DNA was detected in feces of 27 cats (15.34%).
Conclusions: This study first time showed the inter relation of T. gondii DNA in feces and blood samples and seropositivity. In sum, over 14% of the stray cats living outdoor may have an important role in transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans in İzmir as well as to other animals.
Novel coronavirus disease-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the residents of Al-Jouf region in Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Masry Eman A , Mohamed Rehab A , Ali Rehab I , Al Mulhim Marwa F , Taha Ahmed E 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Efforts have been made to contain COVID-19. Human behavior, affected by knowledge and perceptions, may influence the course of disease.
Methodology: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 422 participants. It consisted of 28 questions in four sections; seven questions about sociodemographic characteristics of participants, 12 questions to estimate level of knowledge about COVID-19, six questions to evaluate attitudes toward disease, and three questions to assess practices to prevent disease transmission.
Results: Their overall understanding of COVID-19 was satisfactory. 69% of the participants had satisfactory levels of knowledge, and the main sources of information were social media platforms (79.70%) and television (70.90%). There was a significant difference in knowledge as a function of gender (p = 0.50), occupation (p = 0.012), and smoking (p = 0.041). The participants held optimistic attitudes and adopted appropriate protective measures. Most participants agreed that COVID-19 can cause death (64.7%), poses greater risks to elderly (93.4%) and those with chronic diseases (96.7%), it is mandatory to quarantine infected individuals (98.1%), preventive health measures are important (97.6%), and health authorities will succeed in controlling the pandemic (67.5%). There was a statistically significant association between satisfactory levels of knowledge and the practice of wearing masks and the adoption of protective measures (avoiding crowded places, frequent hand washing).
Conclusions: Residents of Al-Jouf region in Saudi Arabia have satisfactory levels of knowledge, optimistic attitudes, and good practice during the rapid rise period of the pandemic. Awareness campaigns will improve any misbeliefs and risky behaviors.
Consanguinitas et légitimité à la cour du prince : l’exemple d’Odon de Villars (Savoie, XIV e -XV e siècles)
Authors: Briffaz Florentin 
Published: February 2021

La présente étude vise à saisir toute l’importance de la consanguinitas comme facteur de légitimité au miroir de la carrière d’Odon de Villars. En effet, cette notion, complexe et polysémique est réinvestie à plusieurs niveaux, spécialement dans le cadre du service au prince. Le vocabulaire de la parenté par le sang est alors pleinement convoqué comme ressort positif de l’action. Dans un premier temps, Odon est élevé à la cour du sire avec Humbert, le propre fils de ce dernier. Issu d’une branche cadette, il accède à un surcroît de légitimité par cette intégration au destin de la branche aînée ; le sire le considérant comme son second fils. L’étude du vocabulaire est assez révélatrice de la proximité des individus, Humbert parlant d’Odon comme de son « frère consanguin ». Dans un deuxième temps, l’aventure amène Odon de Villars à servir en Avignon le pape Clément VII, beau-frère de son cousin. Parallèlement, il entre à la cour des comtes de Savoie. C’est ainsi qu’il tient les rênes de la principauté lors de la minorité du comte Amédée VIII dont il est le gouverneur. Or, se tenant à la confluence des partis, un consensus indispensable semble s’établir autour de lui, en vertu justement en grande partie de cette consanguinitas. Il apparaît plusieurs fois notamment en qualité de consanguineus domini , ce qui renvoie pour partie seulement à une parenté réelle, mais ce qui, plus encore, marque son action du sceau de légitimité tout en valorisant sa position sociale dans la hiérarchie des serviteurs de l’État savoyard. Par-delà les formules d’usage, c’est toute cette ambivalence sémantique qu’il convient d’étudier, entre légitimité personnelle et reconnaissance institutionnelle. En fin de compte, le champ de la consanguinitas , dans ses usages pluriels, occupe une place éminente dans l’arsenal sémantique médiéval. La communion de sang demeure un élément fort structurant les relations de parenté et plus encore, l’horizon idéel et le langage politique de l’époque, en particulier dans la société aristocratique.
La croissance de la « pauvreté laborieuse »
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques 
Published: February 2021

Depuis plus de vingt ans, les gouvernements du Royaume-Uni ont justifié les réformes du marché du travail et de la protection sociale par l’argument selon lequel le travail est le meilleur chemin pour sortir de la pauvreté. Or, malgré l’augmentation du taux d’emploi et du niveau du salaire minimum, la « pauvreté laborieuse » représente une part croissante de la pauvreté totale. L’explication principale de ce paradoxe réside dans la dégradation de la qualité de l’emploi : « Nous offrons plus de travail parce que nous sommes plus pauvres ».
Une folle exubérance. Hommage critique à Georges Bataille
Authors: Dewitte Jacques 
Published: February 2021

« La notion de dépense » et La Part maudite de Georges Bataille sont parmi les textes les plus importants d’une mise en question philosophique du principe d’utilité. Bataille s’y montre très proche de la pensée du zoologue Adolf Portmann, l’auteur de La Forme animale . Toutefois, son anti-utilitarisme est tellement exacerbé qu’il débouche sur une forme de nihilisme, une philosophie de la destruction et de la mort. Ceci confirme qu’une tâche philosophique majeure est de maintenir une inspiration anti-utilitariste pouvant échapper à une telle dérive nihiliste.
Les Conseils en propriété industrielle
Authors: Kiesel Le Cosquer Guylène , Bourgeois Henri 
Published: February 2021

Qui sont les Conseils en propriété industrielle (CPI) ? Quels sont leurs objectifs ? En répondant à ces questions, les auteurs de cet article espèrent susciter, chez certains lecteurs au moins, des envies de découvrir la propriété intellectuelle et d’en faire le leur. Sont discutés dans cet article les origines de cette profession, les missions des CPI et les grands défis que les acteurs de l’innovation auront à relever.
A novel clustering method for breaking down the symmetric multiple traveling salesman problem
Authors: Hamdan Basma , Bashir Hamdi , Cheaitou Ali 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study proposes a new two-stage clustering method to break down the symmetric multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP) into several single standard traveling salesman problems, each of which can then be solved separately using a heuristic optimization algorithm.Design/methodology/approach: In the initial stage, a modified form of factor analysis is used to identify clusters of cities. In the second stage, the cities are allocated to the identified clusters using an integer-programming model. A comparison with the k-means++ clustering algorithm, one of the most popular clustering algorithms, was made to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of four objective criteria.Findings: Computational results and comparison on 63 problems revealed that the proposed method is promising for producing quality clusters and thus for enhancing the performance of heuristic optimization algorithms in solving the mTSP.Originality/value: Unlike previous studies, this study tackles the issue of improving the performance of clustering-based optimization approaches in solving the mTSP by proposing a new clustering method that produces better cluster solutions rather than by proposing a new or improved version of a heuristic optimization algorithm for finding optimal routes.
Quanto interessa a religião aos jovens? Um estudo a partir do caso português
Authors: Duque Eduardo , Durán Vázquez José 
Published: February 2021

Ao olhar para a geração dos avós, poder-se-ia dizer que um português era aquele que procurava identificar a sua vida com as verdades de fé, as quais atuavam como referente objetivo que dava significado aos seus comportamentos. Porém, a geração dos jovens já não é assim e não é por não serem autênticos, mas porque os contextos em que vivem, as famílias que têm, a escola que os forma, as perguntas que fazem são agora muito diferentes das dos seus avós.
Posto isto, este estudo, através de uma metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, a partir de dados primários e secundários, visa analisar a forma como os jovens vivem a sua dimensão religiosa.
Através do Inquérito Social Europeu de 2014, concluiu-se que, na sociedade portuguesa, 4 em cada 10 jovens não têm qualquer vínculo ou relação com a religião católica, fator que manifesta uma tendência para o esmorecimento da identidade sociocultural de matriz católica em Portugal. Por outro lado, através do inquérito sinodal, concluiu-se que a expressão religiosa dos jovens católicos evidencia que a sua identidade cristã não está alicerçada numa vivência assídua dos seus princípios e valores, mas é essencialmente fruto de uma herança cultural e familiar que não está ancorada em práticas religiosas regulares.
Banknot Üretiminde Kullanılan Gravür Tekniğinin (Taille-Douce) Lisansüstü Baskıresim Dersinde Uygulanabilirliğinin Ölçülmesi
Authors: Kızılırmak Buse , Ayan H. Müjde 
Published: February 2021

Banknot basımında gravür tekniği kullanılmaktadır. Taklit edilemez olması ve sahteciliğe karşı en önemli güvenlik unsuru oluşturduğu için banknot üretiminde gravür tekniği tercih edilmektedir. Bu tekniğin sanat eğitimi alan öğrenciler tarafından öğrenilmesi öğrencide kendi çalışmalarına kimlik kazandırmasında ve yeni bir tekniğin uygulama alanı ile daha geniş alanda yaratıcılığını kullanma imkânı bulacağı düşünülmektedir. Banknot gravür tekniği ile yüzeyin birim alanında uyguladıkları çizgi sayısı arttıkça uygulayan bireyin el, göz ve beyin iş birliği ile çalıştığı eser deki başarısı da artacaktır. Günümüz teknolojileri ile artık para basımında kullanılmayan bu tekniğin yaşatılması amaçlanarak, Üniversitelerin Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinde veya Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümlerinde bu tekniğin lisansüstü ders olarak değerlendirilmesi amacıyla tekniğin etkililiğini ispatlaya bilmek için lisansüstü öğrencilerine banknot gravür tekniği (taille-douce) eğitimi verilmiştir Çıkan sonuçlar doğrultusunda tekniğin uygulanabilirliği test edilmiş ve anlamlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu tekniğin seçmeli bir ders olarak programlarda olması, öğrencinin ifade biçimlerini farklı teknikler ile desteklemesi açısından ve şimdiye kadar öğrendiği tekniklerin dışında yeni bir teknik öğrenmesi bakımından önemlidir. Ayrıca hem sanat eğitimi alanında hem de güncel sanat yaşantısında öğrenciye yeni boyutlar kazandırmasının yanı sıra farklı çalışma alanları da yaratacağı düşünülmektedir.