bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overweight and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction – Is there a link?
Authors: Malmberg Maiju , Malmberg L. Pekka , Pelkonen Anna S. , Mäkelä Mika J. , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of body mass index with regard to exercise performance, exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), and respiratory symptoms in 7‐ to 16‐year‐old children.MethodsA total of 1120 outdoor running exercise challenge test results of 7‐ to 16‐year‐old children were retrospectively reviewed. Lung function was evaluated with spirometry, and exercise performance was assessed by calculating distance per 6 minutes from the running time and distance. Respiratory symptoms in the exercise challenge test were recorded, and body mass index modified for children (ISO‐BMI) was calculated for each child from height, weight, age, and gender according to the national growth references.ResultsGreater ISO‐BMI and overweight were associated with poorer exercise performance (P < .001). In addition, greater ISO‐BMI was independently associated with cough (P = .002) and shortness of breath (P = .012) in the exercise challenge. However, there was no association between ISO‐BMI and EIB or with wheeze during the exercise challenge.ConclusionGreater ISO‐BMI may have a role in poorer exercise performance and appearance of respiratory symptoms during exercise, but not in EIB in 7‐ to 16‐year‐old children.
Policy Entrepreneurs in Public Administration: A Social Network Analysis
Authors: Petridou Evangelia , Becker Per , Sparf Jörgen 
Published: March 2021

This article examines the role of policy entrepreneurs in promoting change in flood risk mitigation at the local level in Sweden through a comparative study of two Swedish municipalities with different approaches to flood risk governance; as a technical issue or a social issue. The municipality in which flood risk mitigation is addressed as a social issue exhibits a larger size of the network mitigating flood risk, more diverse actors involved, and a more central location of the politicians and senior management. Moreover, the analysis points to the salience of a bureaucratic policy entrepreneur in promoting this shift toward addressing it as a social issue, and shows how they use relational strategies to frame the issue as relating to climate change action. The article operationalizes sociability and credibility, two of the attributes of policy entrepreneurs, and thus, contributes to the theoretical and methodological discussion of policy entrepreneurs in general, and as they pertain to environmental policy in particular.Related ArticlesDavid, Charles‐Philippe. 2015. “Policy Entrepreneurs and the Reorientation of National Security Policy under the G. W. Bush Administration (2001‐04).” Politics & Policy 43 (1): 163‐195. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12106Shock, David R. 2013. “The Significance of Opposition Entrepreneurs on Local Sales Tax Referendum Outcomes.” Politics & Policy 41 (4): 588‐614. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12028Sidha, Zedekia, Patrick Asingo, and Justine Magutu. 2021. “Street‐Level Bureaucrats as Policy Entrepreneurs: The Nexus between Timing of Traffic Enforcement Activities and Road Safety Policy Outcomes.” Politics & Policy Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12386
Monodromy in prolate spheroidal harmonics
Authors: Dawson Sean R. , Dullin Holger R. , Nguyen Diana M. H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe show that spheroidal wave functions viewed as the essential part of the joint eigenfunctions of two commuting operators onhave a defect in the joint spectrum that makes a global labeling of the joint eigenfunctions by quantum numbers impossible. To our knowledge, this is the first explicit demonstration that quantum monodromy exists in a class of classically known special functions. Using an analog of the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector we show that the corresponding classical Liouville integrable system is symplectically equivalent to the C. Neumann system. To prove the existence of this defect, we construct a classical integrable system that is the semiclassical limit of the quantum integrable system of commuting operators. We show that this is a generalized semitoric system with a nondegenerate focus–focus point, such that there is monodromy in the classical and the quantum systems.
Anticoagulation strategies in continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Legrand Matthieu , Tolwani Ashita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe most common anticoagulant options for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) include unfractionated heparin (UFH), regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA), and no anticoagulation. Less common anticoagulation options include UFH with protamine reversal, low‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH), thrombin antagonists, and platelet inhibiting agents. The choice of anticoagulant for CRRT should be determined by patient characteristics, local expertise, and ease of monitoring. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury guidelines recommend using RCA rather than UFH in patients who do not have contraindications to citrate and are with or without increased risk of bleeding. Monitoring should include evaluation of the anticoagulant effect, circuit life, filter efficacy, and complications.
Evolution from syn‐rift carbonates to early post‐rift deep‐marine intraslope lobes: The role of rift basin physiography on sedimentation patterns
Authors: Privat Aurélia M‐L. J. , Hodgson David M. , Jackson Christopher A‐L. , Schwarz Ernesto , Peakall Jeff 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe stratigraphic architecture of Early Jurassic strata exposed along a >10 km long transect in the Chachil Graben, an exhumed marine rift depocentre in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina), provides insights into the sedimentological and stratigraphic expression of the syn‐rift to post‐rift transition. A change from syn‐rift intrabasinal carbonate to post‐rift extrabasinal siliciclastic sedimentation is recorded, as well as variations in sediment supply and dispersal patterns across rift‐related topography. The late syn‐rift was marked by a transgression and development of a shallow‐marine carbonate system, including carbonate platform deposits perched on fault‐block highs and periplatform deposits accumulated in fault‐block lows, which overlies continental volcano‐sedimentary syn‐rift deposits. Differential subsidence and basin deepening induced retrogradation of the carbonate system, which was progressively drowned and overlain by organic‐rich calcareous mudstone that draped across rift structures at the onset of the early post‐rift. The first extrabasinal siliciclastic influx led to progradation of an early post‐rift intraslope lobe complex into the graben, which is associated with kilometre‐scale clastic injectites. The depositional architecture, facies distribution and pinch‐out style of intraslope lobes record the effects of an inherited compaction hinge, which acted as an oblique counterslope to sediment gravity flows. The occurrence of combined‐flow bedforms, widespread erosion, and limited facies segregation across lobes bearing different hybrid event bed types, is in sharp contrast to sedimentological characteristics of existing intraslope lobe models. Documentation of the syn‐rift to post‐rift transition stratigraphy permitted identification of changes in thickness and facies resulting from the passive infill of inherited topography with early post‐rift differential compaction. This architecture contrasts markedly with those developed during syn‐rift normal faulting. Furthermore, the influence of local inherited topography on the development of early post‐rift lobes is key to improve subsurface prediction of sandstone distribution and quality during assessment of hydrocarbon reservoirs and carbon storage sites.
Circular Beams Loaded Normal to the Plane of Curvature—2
Authors: Hogan Mervin B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Expressions are presented in this paper for the deflection, angle of slope, and angle of twist of the free end of a circular cantilever beam with a bending moment applied at the free end. Like expressions are also given for the same beam with a twisting moment acting at the free end. The values of the reaction and the angles of slope and twist at the simple support are given for a circular beam built in at one end, simply supported at the other, and loaded as in each of the foregoing cases. Also, equations are included for the three internal reactions, i.e., bending moment, twisting moment, and shear existing at the plane of symmetry of a cantilever arc beam, built in at both ends, with an arbitrarily placed concentrated load acting perpendicular to the plane of the beam, and at its center line. Corresponding expressions for the same element with a uniformly distributed load covering the half of the beam to one side of the axis of symmetry, and an expression for the bending moment at the plane of symmetry of the same beam when its entire length is uniformly loaded, are also stated.
Measurement of the Damping of Engineering Materials During Flexural Vibration at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Schabtach Carl , Fehr R. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The method and equipment developed and used by the authors for measuring the damping of materials are described. A tuning-fork specimen is set into vibration by jerking a spreader from the gap between the ends of the tines. The damping is expressed in terms of the logarithmic decrement of the decaying vibration, which is measured and recorded by means of a magnetic oscillograph, amplifiers, and a resistance-type electric strain gage cemented to the specimen. The results include (1) the damping of a number of materials during flexural vibration at approximately 1000 cycles per sec, at maximum bending stresses up to 40,000 psi, and at temperatures up to 1400 F; (2) the variation in modulus of elasticity with temperature, as determined from the specimen vibration frequencies.
The Bending of the Cylindrically Aeolotropic Plate
Authors: Carrier G. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the small-deflection theory, applicable to plates of cylindrically aeolotropic material, is presented, and expressions are obtained for the moments and deflections produced by the following combinations of loading and boundary conditions: The disk clamped along its circumference and loaded by a uniform lateral pressure; the clamped disk loaded by a central concentrated force; the simply supported disk loaded by uniform edge moment; the disk with a rigid core clamped along its circumference and loaded by a central concentrated force; the ring clamped along its outer edge and loaded by a uniform shear distribution along the inner edge; the simply supported disk with an elastic isotropic core loaded by a uniform edge moment; and the disk under the loading given by p = p0 r cos θ. The six symmetrical problems of this group were chosen for evaluation since they and their linear combinations comprise a large part of the total set of such problems. Curves are included showing, for three of the foregoing problems, the effect of the degree of anisotropy on the stresses. The practical application of solutions obtained by the following theory might lie, for example, in design problems involving circular plates which are built up of laminas of radial symmetry with different tangential and radial stiffnesses. The theory could also be applied to the design of circular concrete slabs with different amounts of reinforcing steel in the radial and tangential directions.
Basic Mechanics of the Metal-Cutting Process
Authors: Merchant M. Eugene 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The author presents a mathematical analysis of the geometry and mechanics of the metal-cutting process, covering two common types of geometry which occur in cutting. This analysis offers a key for the study of engineering problems in the field of metal cutting in terms of such fundamental quantities as strain, rate of shear, friction between chip and tool, shear strength of the metal, work done in shearing the metal and in overcoming friction, etc. The two cases covered are, in essence, that of a straight-edged cutting tool moving relative to the work-piece in a direction perpendicular to its cutting edge, termed “orthogonal cutting,” and that of a similar cutting tool so set that the cutting edge is oblique to the direction of relative motion of tool and work, termed “oblique cutting.” Equations are developed which permit the calculation of such quantities as those just enumerated from readily observable values. The theoretical findings are particularly applicable and significant in the case of present-day high-speed machining operations with sintered-carbide tools.
Studies in Three-Dimensional Photoelasticity Torsional Stresses by Oblique Incidence
Authors: Frocht Max M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a photoelastic method is described for the study of stresses in cylindrical shafts due to pure torsion. The basic photoelastic equation governing this case is derived. It is shown that the maximum stresses, i.e., the boundary stresses, can be determined from a single stress pattern, and that the two stress components which define the complete stress system in pure torsion at an interior point can be determined from two stress patterns obtained from one section of a shaft into which the pure-torsion system has been frozen, employing to this end the Drucker-Mindlin suggestion of oblique incidence. The method is applied to a circular shaft, and the experimental results are found to be in complete agreement with the theory.
Clinical outcome of COVID-19 in patients with adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Schwerzmann Markus , Ruperti-Repilado Francisco Javier , Baumgartner Helmut , Bouma Berto , Bouchardy Judith , Budts Werner , Campens Laurence , Chessa Massimo , del Cerro Marin Maria Jesús , Gabriel Harald , Gallego Pastora , Garcia-Orta Rocio , Gonzalez Ana Elvira , Jensen Annette Schophuus , Ladouceur Magalie , Miranda-Barrio Berta , Morissens Marielle , Pasquet Agnes , Rueda Joaquín , van den Bosch Annemien E , van der Zwaan Heleen Berdina , Tobler Daniel , Greutmann Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AimsPatients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) are a potentially vulnerable patient cohort in case of COVID-19. Some cardiac defects may be associated with a poor COVID-19 outcome. Risk estimation in ACHD is currently based on expert opinion. The aim of this study was to collect clinical outcome data and to identify risk factors for a complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with ACHD.MethodsTwenty-five ACHD centres in nine European countries participated in the study. Consecutive patients with ACHD diagnosed with COVID-19 presenting to one of the participating centres between 27 March and 6 June 2020 were included. A complicated disease course was defined as hospitalisation for COVID-19 requiring non-invasive or invasive ventilation and/or inotropic support, or a fatal outcome.ResultsOf 105 patients with a mean age of 38±13 years (58% women), 13 had a complicated disease course, of whom 5 died. In univariable analysis, age (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7, per 5 years), ≥2 comorbidities (OR 7.1, 95% CI 2.1 to 24.5), body mass index of >25 kg/m2 (OR 7.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 28.3) and cyanotic heart disease (OR 13.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 68.4) were associated with a complicated disease course. In a multivariable logistic regression model, cyanotic heart disease was the most important predictor (OR 60.0, 95% CI 7.6 to 474.0).ConclusionsAmong patients with ACHD, general risk factors (age, obesity and multiple comorbidities) are associated with an increased risk of complicated COVID-19 course. Congenital cardiac defects at particularly high risk were cyanotic lesions, including unrepaired cyanotic defects or Eisenmenger syndrome.
Percutaneous transorbital direct puncture to obliterate a cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Cavalcanti Daniel D , Raz Eytan , Shapiro Maksim , Mir Osman , Nossek Erez , Nelson Peter Kim 
Published: March 2021

Cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CS-DAVF) can have an indolent course, with insidious onset, but still showing a high likelihood of spontaneous resolution.1 Nevertheless, symptoms in a subset of patients evolve more rapidly, with malignant signs on imaging, warranting intervention.2 We report on a patient in his 40s presenting with redness and proptosis of the right eye, intermittent blurred vision and diplopia. Once ophthalmological examination revealed increased intraocular pressure and imaging showed cortical venous congestion, the decision was made to obliterate a CS-DAVF involving the posteromedial right cavernous sinus.Multiple arteries including branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery and bilateral meningohypophyseal trunks supplied the fistula. Once transarterial embolization was deemed unsafe and both inferior petrosal sinuses did not grant access to the right cavernous sinus, a direct puncture to the cavernous sinus was performed to successfully coil the involved compartments.3–5 The aid of DynaCT imaging and needle guidance software is emphasized (video 1).Video 1
How to enhance recruitment of individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis into trials aimed at prevention: understanding the barriers and facilitators
Authors: van Boheemen Laurette , ter Wee Marieke M , Seppen Bart , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesSeveral trials to test the efficacy of a pharmacological intervention aimed at primary prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are ongoing or have recently been completed. A common issue in these trials is the severe difficulty with patient recruitment. In order to enhance recruitment, this qualitative study identified barriers and facilitators of individuals at risk of RA to participate in a prevention trial.MethodsIndividuals at risk of developing RA (ie, arthralgia with anticitrullinated protein antibodies and/or rheumatoid factor without arthritis), who had previously been asked to participate in a prevention trial, participated in focus group discussions (n=18) exploring their facilitators and barriers for trial participation. Thematic analysis identified factors that were important in at-risk individuals’ decision about trial participation.ResultsThe prospect of personal benefit, the acknowledgement of one’s symptoms and the desire to contribute to society facilitated trial participation. In contrast, misconception about what it means to be at risk, or about the aim of the prevention trial, negative views on trial medication, and a low perceived urgency to act on the possibility of developing RA versus a high perceived burden of participating in a trial discouraged participation.ConclusionsTo enhance inclusion in trials aimed to prevent RA, the results suggest to use strategies such as optimising education about RA, personal risk, trial aim and trial medication, explicitly addressing misconceptions and concerns, using tools to improve information provision, limiting study burden in trial design and encouraging physicians to mention trial participation.
A Reusable Characterization of the Memory System Behavior of SPEC2017 and SPEC2006
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Park Chang Hyun , Black-Schaffer David 
Published: March 2021

The SPEC CPU Benchmarks are used extensively for evaluating and comparing improvements to computer systems. This ubiquity makes characterization critical for researchers to understand the bottlenecks the benchmarks do and do not expose and where new designs should and should not be expected to show impact. However, in characterization there is a tradeoff between accuracy and reusability: The more precisely we characterize a benchmark’s performance on a given system, the less usable it is across different micro-architectures and varying memory configurations. For SPEC, most existing characterizations include system-specific effects (e.g., via performance counters) and/or only look at aggregate behavior (e.g., averages over the full application execution). While such approaches simplify characterization, they make it difficult to separate the applications’ intrinsic behavior from the system-specific effects and/or lose the diverse phase-based behaviors.
In this work we focus on characterizing the applications’ intrinsic memory behaviour by isolating them from micro-architectural configuration specifics. We do this by providing a simplified generic system model that evaluates the applications’ memory behavior across multiple cache sizes, with and without prefetching, and over time. The resulting characterization can be reused across a range of systems to understand application behavior and allow us to see how frequently different behaviors occur. We use this approach to compare the SPEC 2006 and 2017 suites, providing insight into their memory system behaviour beyond previous system-specific and/or aggregate results. We demonstrate the ability to use this characterization in different contexts by showing a portion of the SPEC 2017 benchmark suite that could benefit from giga-scale caches, despite aggregate results indicating otherwise.
Sex-Specific Control of Human Heart Maturation by the Progesterone Receptor
Authors: Sim Choon Boon , Phipson Belinda , Ziemann Mark , Rafehi Haloom , Mills Richard J. , Watt Kevin I. , Abu-Bonsrah Kwaku D. , Kalathur Ravi K.R. , Voges Holly K. , Dinh Doan T. , ter Huurne Menno , Vivien Celine J. , Kaspi Antony , Kaipananickal Harikrishnan , Hidalgo Alejandro , Delbridge Leanne M.D. , Robker Rebecca L. , Gregorevic Paul , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Lal Sean , Piers Adam T. , Konstantinov Igor E. , Elliott David A. , El-Osta Assam , Oshlack Alicia , Hudson James E. , Porrello Enzo R. 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Despite in-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling embryonic heart development, little is known about the signals governing postnatal maturation of the human heart.

Methods:
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of 54 140 nuclei from 9 human donors was used to profile transcriptional changes in diverse cardiac cell types during maturation from fetal stages to adulthood. Bulk RNA sequencing and the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing were used to further validate transcriptional changes and to profile alterations in the chromatin accessibility landscape in purified cardiomyocyte nuclei from 21 human donors. Functional validation studies of sex steroids implicated in cardiac maturation were performed in human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiac organoids and mice.

Results:
Our data identify the progesterone receptor as a key mediator of sex-dependent transcriptional programs during cardiomyocyte maturation. Functional validation studies in human cardiac organoids and mice demonstrate that the progesterone receptor drives sex-specific metabolic programs and maturation of cardiac contractile properties.

Conclusions:
These data provide a blueprint for understanding human heart maturation in both sexes and reveal an important role for the progesterone receptor in human heart development.