bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early post-ischemic glucose metabolism is dependent on function of TLR2: a study using [18F]FDG PET-CT in a mouse model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Bajorat Rika , Kurth Jens , Stenzel Jan , Vollmar Brigitte , Krause Bernd J. , Reuter Daniel A. , Schuerholz Tobias , Bergt Stefan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: An ischemic brain injury caused by cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) affects cerebral function and presumably also brain glucose metabolism. The majority of patients who survive CA suffer from cognitive deficits and physical disabilities. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a cruical role in inflammatory response in ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Since deficiency of TLR2 was associated with increased survival after CA-CPR, in this study glucose metabolism was measured using non-invasive [18F]FDG PET-CT imaging before and early after CA-CPR in a mouse model comparing wild type (WT) and TLR2-deficient (TLR2-/-) mice. Methods: Two PET-CT scans using [18F]FDG tracer were carried out to measure dynamic glucose metabolism before and early after CPR. To achieve this, anesthetized and ventilated adult female WT and TLR2-/- mice were scanned in PET-CT. After recovery from the baseline scan, the same animals underwent 10-minute CA followed by CPR and approximately 90 min after CA measurements of [18F]FDG uptake were started. The [18F]FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated using PMOD-Software on fused FDG-PET-CT images with the included 3D Mirrione-Mouse-Brain-Atlas. Results: The absolute SUV of glucose in the whole brain of WT mice was increased after CA-CPR. In contrast, the absolute glucose SUV in the whole brain of TLR2-/- mice was not significantly different between basal and measurements after CA-CPR. In comparison, basal measurements of both mouse strains show a significant difference in the whole brain absolute glucose SUVs, whereby TLR2-/- mice revealed 34.6% higher values. The altered mouse strains presented a different pattern in glucose uptake under normal and ischemic conditions. Conclusion: There is evidence that the post-ischemic differences in glucose metabolism were associated with the function of TLR2 and that PET-CT imaging could be useful as an additional methodology in assessing diagnosis and prognosis during post-cardiac arrest care. Further studies are needed.
Efficient Placement of Splitters in Optical WDM Network
Authors: Dafeur Abdelhakim , Cousin Bernard , Ziani Rezki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the splitter placement problem in an optical WDM network. The goal is to select a given number of MC nodes in the network such that the overall link cost of a multicast session is minimized. We present an exact formulation in integer linear programming ( ILP ) to find a set of trees that connects a source to a set of destination nodes. Then, four algorithms based on network topology metrics are proposed to select a given number of MC nodes in the network such that the overall link cost of a multicast session is minimized. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms is verified by simulation results.
Supporting Resilience and the Management of Grief and Loss: de Souza Program for Health Professionals
Authors: Esplen Mary Jane , Wong Jiahui , Vachon Mary , Leung Yvonne , Bakirci Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Health professionals in cancer care often face the challenge of stressful work environment, along with the impacts of providing care to those suffering from a life- threatening illness. Prevalence rates of compassion fatigue (CF) are moderate to high, yet health professionals have little knowledge on the topic. Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate an educational program on knowledge of CF and strategies to support the management of grief and loss in practice. Methods: A six-week program consisting of weekly video-conferencing sessions, case-based learning and an online community of practice was evaluated. Program content included personal, organization and team-related risk and protective factors associated with CF, and strategies to mitigate against CF. Participants prepared personal plans. A standardized grief tool (RGEI) was given at baseline and pre and post surveys assessed confidence and knowledge and satisfaction. Results: 189 health professionals completed the program (90% nurses). Patient loss in practices was high (58.8% >10 deaths annually; 12.2% >50). The program demonstrated significant improvement in confidence and knowledge across several domains (p < 0.05), including the use of grief assessment tools, risk factors for CF, and strategies to mitigate against CF. Personal plans varied from individual, team or organizational level strategies. Satisfaction ratings were high. Conclusion: The results show benefit associated with an educational program that aims to improve knowledge of CF and assisted health care providers to develop personal plans/ strategies towards resilience. Further research is needed to assess longer term follow up and with designs that include a control group.
Ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor behavior of NaCaF3 fluoro-perovskite with external static isotropic pressure and its impact on optical properties: First-principles computation
Authors: Gillani Syed Sajid Ali , Fatima Nisar , Shakil M. , Kiran R. , Tahir M. B. , Jawad A. , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A comprehensive theoretical study to investigate the outcomes of externally applied static isotropic pressure (0 GPa - 50 GPa) on electronic, optical and structural properties of NaCaF3, using density functional theory (DFT) based CASTEP (Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package) code with ultra-soft pseudo-potential USP plane wave and Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional of Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), is reported. The electronic bandgap shows the increasing trend 4.773 eV - 6.203 eV (direct bandgap) with increasing external pressure. The increase in bandgap is significant up to 20 GPa as compared to higher external pressures. The mystery of increasing band gap is nicely decoded by total density of states (TDOS) and elemental partial density of states (EPDOS). Optical properties have been calculated to analyze the impact of increment in band gap on them. We observed that highest peak of energy loss function L(w) shows the blue shift which confirms the increment of band gap. At zero photon energy, for 0 GPa, the static refractive index n(w) has value of 1.4456. After applying external pressure, there is a slight increase in n(w) which favors the semiconducting behavior of ternary compound. The energy points at which the absorption peak is maxima, the refractive index has lowest value.
Improved bit error rate evaluation of M-ary DPPM modulation using an aperture averaging for FSO systems impaired by interchannel crosstalk and ASE noise
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The performance evaluation of free-space optical (FSO) communication system using the digital pulse position modulation (DPPM) and on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) approach are investigated in this paper. The impact of atmospheric turbulence, scintillation and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise has been taken into account. To reduce the turbulence-induced scintillation and optical power penalty, the use aperture averaging has been proposed in this paper. To evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance in the presence the atmospheric turbulence and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), the use of the moment generation function techniques are explained with the modified Chernoff bound that is more accurate and an appropriate from Chernoff bound. Such a system, which could provide a power efficient, a low cost, excessive flexibility and reliable or considered a massive solution in the bandwidth provision for future access networks, and together for higher data rate. The BER, are given for an optically preamplified DPPM FSO communication system impaired by pointing error and atmospheric turbulence combined, in addition to the ASE noise arising from the optical amplification. The gamma–gamma distribution model is used to characterize the whole range of turbulence conditions. The results reveal the superiority of DPPM with improved receiver sensitivity (at a binary data rate 2.5 Gbps and at typical FSO BER of 10-9) of about 10 dB – 11 dB for coding level (M) of 5 and optical link length (for turbulent interaction) of 2000 m more than an equivalent optically preamplified OOK-NRZ approach, depending on the leve of turbulence.
Restoring Drying Lakes with Treated Agricultural Effluents under a Carbon-based Payments for Ecosystem Services Incentive
Authors: ranjan ram 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wetlands store a significant proportion of terrestrial carbon, however, when degraded and dry, they can become net carbon emitters. Climatic stressors, such as rising temperature and reduced precipitation, further exacerbate carbon release risks. This study explores incentivizing adoption of constructed wetlands (CW) on agricultural farms for treating effluents and releasing into drying lakes. A payment for ecosystem services (PES) framework is developed to analyze land use allocation decisions of farmers towards adopting CWs on their private farms. Release of treated agricultural wastewater helps a drying lake remain wet under a warming climate preventing release of carbon stored in its soils. Results indicate that PES payments equaling 10,000 to 20,000 INR (150–300 US dollars) per mega litre (ML) can be effective in incentivizing adoption of CWs on farms in India, and their benefits to drying lakes can be significant. Specifically, life of lakes can be prolonged to more than 100 years under such PES based schemes besides resulting in substantial carbon storage in soils. Such PES schemes can be a cost-effective way to not only protect and conserve lakes for their biodiversity and livelihood benefits but also from a carbon mitigation perspective. Results further show that when a social planner allocates land between farming and CW, incorporating the carbon sequestration benefits of lakes and when facing a risk of abrupt and permanent drying of lakes, their adoption rate is higher compared to that of the farmers. When extrapolated, carbon benefits from such PES programs for the entire country could be nearly 15 trillion USD over the next 100 years.
Cybersecurity Threats Detection In IoT Using Krill Based Deep Neural Network Stacked Auto Encoders
Authors: Rana Pragati , Chauhan Sanjeev , Patil B P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Internet of things (IoT) has concerned much significance for some manufacturing sectors including clinical fields, co-ordinations following, savvy urban communities, and automobiles. Anyway as a worldview, it is sensitive to different sorts of cyber-attacks. Customary very good quality security resolutions for guarantee an IoT structure are not reasonable. This deduces clever organization-based security plans as AI arrangements ought to be made. In this work, we propose Cyber Security Threats recognition in IoT utilizing Krill Based Deep Neural Network Stacked Auto Encoders (KDNN-SAE). In our proposed approach, first, the information pre-processing measure was acted in the underlying development before isolating the dataset into two segments: preparing and test. At that point, flow-based features are extracted from the pre-processed information. By then, the properties to be utilized by the algorithms are chosen in the attribute determination utilizing the Genetic Algorithm (GA). At last, our methodology completes with the execution of the machine learning algorithm KDNN-SAE. The exploratory results show that the introduced method beats the existing techniques to different execution measures.
Nonlinear vibration analysis of the nanobeams subjected to magneto-electro-thermo loading based on a novel HSDT
Authors: Mohammadi Reza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear vibration analysis of the nanobeams subjected to magneto-electro-thermo loading based on a novel HSDT is studied. Nonlocal elasticity theory is applied to consider the small scale effect. The nonlinear equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle. First, a Galerkin-based numerical technique is applied to reduce the nonlinear governing equation into a set of Duffing-type time-dependent differential equations. Afterward, the analytical solutions are derived based on the method of multiple scales (MMS) and perturbation technique. All of the mechanical properties of the beam are temperature dependent. The impacts of the several variables are investigated on the nonlinear frequency ratio of the nanobeams. The results illustrate that when maximum deflection is smaller/ greater than 0.2, its impact on the nonlinear frequency ratio will decrease/increase.
Kallikrein-related peptidases in triple negative breast cancer: prognostic value of quantitatively assessed KLK8, KLK10 and KLK11 mRNA expression
Authors: Liu Yueyang , Preis Sarah , Xiaocong Geng , Gong Weiwei , Kiechle Marion , Dreyer Tobias , Magdolen Viktor , Dorn Julia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype with poor prognosis and limited targeted therapy options. Multiple KLKs have been described to play key roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer. Purpose. In the present study, the clinical significance of KLK8, KLK10, and KLK11 mRNA expression in tumor tissue of TNBC patients was investigated. Methods. The mRNA expression levels of KLK8, 10, and 11 were quantified by quantitative PCR and their prognostic values were analyzed in a large, well-characterized TNBC cohort (n = 123). Results. Significantly positive correlations were observed between all three KLK mRNA levels indicating coordinate expression of these proteases in TNBC. In univariate analyses, both elevated KLK8, KLK10 as well as all combinations of the three factors (KLK8 + KLK10, KLK8 + KLK11, KLK10 + KLK11, KLK8 + KLK10 + KLK11) were significantly associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS), while high mRNA levels of KLK11, as well as KLK10 + KLK11 were significantly associated with shortened overall survival (OS). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, KLK10 and all combined factors remained unfavorable independent predictive markers for DFS, while high KLK11 mRNA expression represented an unfavorable independent predictor for OS. Conclusions. Increased KLK8, KLK10, and KLK11 mRNA expression levels are associated with unfavorable prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. The combination of KLK8 + KLK10 + KLK11 may represent a stronger prognostic biomarker for DFS than KLK8, KLK10, KLK11 alone, or other combinations thereof, whereas KLK11 mRNA expression is an independent prognostic biomarker for OS in TNBC patients.
Development of Multi-channel Electro-conductive Nanofibrous Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Nazeri Niloofar , Derakhshan Mohammad Ali , Mansoori Korosh , Ghanbari Hossein 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multichannel structures in the design of nerve conduits offer potential advantages for regeneration of damaged nerves due to their bio-mimicking architecture. However, lack of biochemical cues and electrical stimulation could hamper satisfactory nerve regeneration. The aim of this study was to simultaneously evaluate the effects of topographical, biological and electrical cues on sciatic nerve regeneration in a rat model. Accordingly, a series of multichannel nanofibrous nerve conduit was made using longitudinally-aligned laminin-coated electrospun PLGA/CNT nanofibers (NF, mean diameter: 455 ± 362 nm) in the lumen and randomly-oriented PCL NF (mean diameter: 340 ± 200 nm) on the outer surface. In vitro studies revealed that both materials were nontoxic to Schwann cells and able to promote cell attachment and proliferation. To determine the influence of topographical, biological and electrical cues on nerve regeneration, either of hollow PCL conduits, PLGA NF-embedded, PLGA/CNT NF-embedded or laminin-coated PLGA/CNT NF-embedded PCL conduits were implanted in rats. A new surgery method was utilized and results were compared with an autograft. After animal treatments, motor and sensory tests showed significant improvement in the rats treated with NF-embedded PCL conduits. H&E images obtained from cross-sectional and, longitudinal-sections of the regenerated nerves demonstrated the formation of regenerative nerve fibers and also, angiogenesis in laminin-coated PLGA/CNT NF-embedded PCL conduits. Results suggested that these conduits have the potential for clinical application to reconstruct peripheral nerve defects.
The Interplay of Macrofauna Functional Groups Shapes Nitrogen Cycling in Oligotrophic Estuarine Sediments
Authors: Zilius Mindaugas , Daunys Darius , Bartoli Marco , Marzocchi Ugo , Bonaglia Stefano , Cardini Ulisse , Castaldelli Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effects of single macrofauna species on benthic nitrogen (N) cycling has been extensively studied, whereas the effect of macrofauna communities on N-related processes remains poorly explored. In this study, we characterized benthic N-cycling in bioturbated sediments of an oligotrophic northern Baltic waters (Öre estuary). Solute fluxes and N transformations (N2 fixation, denitrification and DNRA) were measured in sediments and in macrofauna-bacteria holobionts to partition the role of three dominant macrofauna taxa (Limnecola balthica, Marenzelleria sp. and Monoporeia affinis) in shaping N-cycling, and to disentangle the contribution of different functional groups within the community. In the studied area, benthic macrofauna comprised a low diversity community with extremely high local dominance of three macrofauna taxa, which are widespread and dominant in the Baltic. The biomass of these three taxa in the benthic community explained up to 30% of variation in measured biogeochemical processes, confirming their role in ecosystem functioning. The results also show that these taxa significantly contributed to the benthic metabolism and N-cycling (direct effect) as well as reworked sediments with positive feedback to dissimilative nitrate reduction (indirect effect). Taken together, these functions promoted a re-use of nutrient at the benthic level, limiting net losses (e.g. denitrification) and effluxes to bottom water. Finally, the detection of multiple N transformations in dominating macrofauna holobionts suggested a community-associated active and versatile microbiome, which alternatively contributes to the biogeochemical processes. The present study highlights hidden and interactive effects among microbes and macrofauna, which should be considered in analysing benthic functioning.
Numerical simulation of Gate shape effect on Self-Heating in nano-MOSFET Transistors with high-k dielectric
Authors: Belkheria Maissa , Echouchene Fraj , Bajahzar Abdullah , belmabrouk hafedh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to investigate numerically the self-heating effect (SHE) in MOSFET transistors based on high-k material taking into account the deformation of the gate under the SHE. The SHE inside the MOSFET transistor is calculated using the electrothermal model based on heat transfer equation coupled with semiconductor equations. The electrothermal model have been solved in 2D-dimension using the finite element method. The high-k dielectric HfO2 have been used as gate oxide. Several gate shapes have been used to analyze their impact on SHE. It is observed that the reduction of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) reduces the SHE in the MOSFET transistor based in high-k dielectric material. the temperature peak increases quadratically with drain voltage for all MOSFET structures. A decrease in self-heating effect is achieved using the square gate shape.
Chitosan Depolymerization: A Simple and Promising Chemical Process for the Preparation of Bioactive Varying Molecular Weight Derivatives
Authors: Affes Sawsan , Maalej Hana , Aranaz Inmaculada , Acosta Niuris , Heras Ángeles , Nasri Moncef 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to improve functional and biological properties of shrimp chitosan and to facilitate its utilization, chitosan derivatives were prepared by chemical depolymerization using hydrochloric acid (6 M) during 2 h. The obtained chitosan depolymerization products (CDP) were characterized in terms of molecular weight (Mw), acetylation (AD) and polymerization (DP) degrees, solubility, viscosity and crystallinity, and analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. High Mw-CDP varying from 396 to 94 kDa and low Mw-CDP (< 4.4 kDa), with a DP up to 6 determined by MALDI-TOF, were withdrawn at different hydrolysis time and then desalted on chromatography Sephadex G-25 column. It is clearly demonstrated that the viscosity, the AD and the crystallinity decreased upon depolymerization, especially in low Mw-CDP. While, solubility in water and acetic acid were highly improved. FTIR analysis showed similar spectra of chitosan and CDP. The antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of CDP were investigated and demonstrated that they were related to its Mw. Indeed, as compared to chitosan, high Mw derivatives, especially C120, possess higher antibacterial and antifungal potentials. While, low Mw-CDP, especially H120, exhibited the highest antioxidant properties. Interestingly, the used chemical depolymerization process seems to be an efficient, simple and easy method to produce bioactive chitosan derivatives with attractive characteristics to be applied in an industrial scale, especially as functional-food components.
An Independent Three-Dimensional (3D) Dose Verification System for Elekta Unity MR-Linac Online Plans
Authors: Lee Danny , Pavord Daniel , Oh Seungjong , Sohn Jason 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo implement an independent 3D dose verification system with RayStation (RaySearch, Stockholm, Sweden) for online adaptive radiotherapy on Elekta Unity MR-Linac (MRL). MethodsPlan quality of simple-single-field and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans were investigated in a comparison of (1) Monte-Carlo calculated data using MRL Monaco with high magnetic field (1.5 T) and (2) Collapsed-Cone calculated data using RayStation. The dose quality of RayStation plans, compared to corresponding Monaco plans, was (1) visually inspected in percentage depth-dose curves, inline and crossline profiles, and (2) quantified in 3D gamma-passing-rates. Processing time was measured to evaluate the practical efficacy of our system using 5 prostate IMRT plans.ResultsCompared to Monaco simple-single-field plans as ground truth, RayStation simple-single-field plans achieved an average 95.7% and 98.5% in 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm of 3D gamma criteria, respectively. Gantry angle dependency in simple-single-field plans was <2% in both 2%/2mm and 3%/3mm, and field size dependency was <5% in 2%/2mm and <2% in 3%/3mm. Compared to Monaco IMRT plans, RayStation IMRT plans achieved an average 95.1% (3%/3mm). The entire processing time of the independent 3D dose verification system was an average approximately 200 s. ConclusionsThis was the study to implement an independent 3D dose verification process using RayStation with an in-house 3D gamma analysis software. This led to an average 95% plan quality in 3%/3mm gamma criteria and added an average 200 s throughout the entire verification processes. These results demonstrate that this approach can be applicable and efficient for online quality assurance for MRL online adaptive radiotherapy planning.