bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the sensitivity of the Amazon surface climate to two land‐surface hydrology schemes using a high‐resolution regional climate model (RegCM4)
Authors: Anwar Samy A. , Reboita Michelle Simões , Llopart Marta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo 11‐year simulations were conducted to investigate the influence of two runoff schemes in the community land model version 4.5 (CLM45) on the Amazon surface energy balance and surface climate using a high‐resolution regional climate model (RegCM4‐CLM45). The default scheme is TOPMODEL (TOP), while the alternative is Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC). In the two simulations, the vegetation status is prescribed (satellite phenology; SP). The first simulation was designated as SP‐TOP, while the second simulation was referred to as SP‐VIC, and both of them were evaluated using reanalysis products (e.g., ERA5) and micrometeorology data measurements. Results show that the SP‐VIC severely underestimates latent heat and overestimates sensible heat fluxes, more than SP‐TOP in comparison with the ERA5. This explains the large warm bias observed in the winter season. On the other hand, the SP‐VIC shows a slightly smaller dry bias than SP‐TOP against the Climate Research Unit (CRU) data. Our results show that SP‐VIC does not improve the quality of the simulation compared to SP‐TOP, which suggests the necessity of additional calibration of the VIC surface parameters using in situ observations of the Amazon and revising the VIC runoff scheme to perform new sensitivity experiments. The same needs to be done with SP‐TOP.
The impact of Flavourzyme on flavor, antioxidant activity, and sensory attributes of salted grass carp by brine injection and brining
Authors: Wu Han , Shi Wenzheng , Huang Haiyuan , Chen Luzhu , Li Nian , Du Yufan , Pei Nuo , Sun Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnzyme injection is vital for improving the sensory attributes and processing characteristics of meat products by enhancing proteolysis. However, studies regarding the appropriate dose addition for accelerating protein degradation in grass carp are minimal. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Flavourzyme® on the flavor quality and antioxidant activity of salted grass carp via brine injection and brining.ResultsFlavourzyme was added at doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 leucine aminopeptidase units (LAPU) per kilogram of raw meat. The results indicated that adding Flavourzyme promoted proteolysis, which was reflected by the enhanced total free amino acid content (from 3.7414 g kg−1 to 4.9160 g kg−1 in the brining group and from 3.8039 g kg−1 to 5.4061 g kg−1 in the injection group) and a decrease in salt soluble and insoluble protein (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activity was improved, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value in salted carp decreased due to the higher content of the protein hydrolysis product (P < 0.05). All sensory attributes were improved significantly, especially when using brine injection (P < 0.05). Brine injection was helpful to diffuse the Flavourzyme, resulting in stronger proteolysis.ConclusionThe appropriate Flavourzyme dose was 10 LAPU kg−1 in the injection group and 20 LAPU kg−1 in the brining group. Therefore, moderate Flavourzyme addition was excellent in improving sensory attributes and storage characteristics, whereas injection represented a novel method to obtain a similar fish meat quality in a shorter time and with less added Flavourzyme. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The development of genus‐specific and species‐specific real‐time PCR assays for the authentication of Patagonian toothfish and Antarctic toothfish in commercial seafood products
Authors: Yao Lin , Qu Meng , Jiang Yanhua , Guo Yingying , Li Na , Li Fengling , Tan Zhijun , Wang Lianzhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe substitution or mislabeling of toothfish is an issue of significant concern for seafood authorities; it also reduces the effectiveness of marine conservation and management programs for its over‐exploitation and illegal trafficking, boosting the need for identification methods.RESULTSTwo species‐specific real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the identification of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) and Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) and a genus‐specific real‐time PCR assay for Dissostichus spp. identification were developed based on fragments of the 16S rRNA and COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) genes. These methods were confirmed to be rapid, simple, and sensitive (absolute sensitivity of 0.0002 ng μL−1 and relative sensitivity of 0.1 g kg−1 with good specificity). These methods can be applied to processed and commercial fish products.CONCLUSIONSThese approaches can be beneficial for protecting both consumers and producers from economic fraud and might also help protect toothfish from over‐exploitation as well as combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fisheries. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of different tillage management on rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization and its extracellular enzyme activity in a double‐cropping rice paddy field of southern China
Authors: Tang Haiming , Li Chao , Cheng Kaikai , Shi Lihong , Wen Li , Li Weiyan , Xiao Xiaoping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil extracellular enzyme activity plays an important role in regulating the process of nitrogen (N) mineralization in the paddy field. However, there is still limited information about how rhizosphere N mineralization and its extracellular enzyme activities respond to different tillage treatments in a double‐cropping rice paddy fields of southern China. Therefore, the effects of 6‐year (short‐term) tillage management on rhizosphere soil acid hydrolysable N and its fractions, N mineralization, and its extracellular enzyme activities in a double‐cropping rice paddy fields of southern China were studied and reported in this article. The field experiment included four tillage treatments: conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), no‐tillage with crop residue retention (NT), and rotary tillage with crop residue removed as a control (RTO). The results showed that rhizosphere soil total acid hydrolysable N and its fractions with CT, RT and NT treatments were higher than those with RTO treatment. Compared to RTO treatment, the rhizosphere soil total acid hydrolysable N content with CT and RT treatments was increased by 19.17% and 17.74%, respectively. Compared to RTO treatment, the rhizosphere soil aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization rates with CT and RT treatments were increased by 100.00% and 80.65%, and 43.02% and 33.72%, respectively. Rhizosphere soil extracellular enzyme activities with CT and RT treatments were higher than those with NT and RTO treatments. There was a positive correlation between rhizosphere soil amino sugar N, amino acid N, total acid hydrolysable N contents, L‐glutaminase activity and N mineralization rate. The principal component analysis results indicated that rhizosphere soil organic carbon, amino sugar N, amino acid N and total acid hydrolysable N contents, soil β‐glucosaminidase, β‐glucosidase and L‐glutaminase activities were the main factors affecting rhizosphere soil aerobic and anaerobic N mineralization rates. As a result, rhizosphere soil acid hydrolysable N and its fractions, N mineralization, and its extracellular enzyme activities were significantly increased under the combined application of conventional tillage and rotary tillage with the crop residue incorporation condition.
Otolaryngology resident clinic participation and attending electronic health record efficiency—A user activity logs study
Authors: Wandell Grace Michel , Giliberto John Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn an era of increasing electronic health record (EHR) use monitoring and optimization, this study aims to quantify resident contributions and measure the effect of otolaryngology resident coverage in clinic on attending otolaryngologist EHR usage.MethodsIn one academic otolaryngology department, monthly attending provider efficiency profile metrics, data collected by the EHR vendor (Epic Systems Corporation) between January and June 2019 were accessed. Using weekly resident schedules, resident coverage of attending outpatient clinics was categorized by junior (post‐graduate year [PGY] 1‐3) and senior levels (PGY‐4 through fellows) and correlated with attending EHR metrics using linear mixed effect models.ResultsThirteen attending otolaryngologists on average spent 58.8 minutes per day interacting with the EHR. In modeling, one day of trainee clinic coverage was associated with a 22 minutes reduction (95% CI [−37, −6]) in total daily attending EHR time and a 12 minutes reduction (95% CI [−21, −3]) in per day note time (P < .05). When stratifying by trainee level, senior coverage was associated with significantly reduced total daily time in EHR, per day time in clinical review, notes, and orders, as well as per appointment time in notes and clinical review (P < .05). Junior coverage was only associated with reduced per day note time (P < .05).ConclusionsIncreasing resident clinic coverage was inversely related to attending time spent in the EHR and writing notes. Resident contributions to EHR workflows and hospital system productivity should continue to be studied and considered in EHR use measurement studies.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Similar Results in Liver Transplantation From Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death Donors With Normothermic Regional Perfusion and Donation After Brain Death Donors: A Case‐Matched Single‐Center Study
Authors: Ruiz Patricia , Valdivieso Andres , Palomares Ibone , Prieto Mikel , Ventoso Alberto , Salvador Patricia , Senosiain Maria , Fernandez Jose Ramon , Testillano Milagros , Bustamante Francisco Javier , Gastaca Mikel 
Published: August 2021

Although good results have been reported with the use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) liver transplantation (LT), there is a lack of evidence to demonstrate similar results to donation after brain death (DBD). We present a single‐center retrospective case‐matched (1:2) study including 100 NRP cDCD LTs and 200 DBD LTs and a median follow‐up of 36 months. Matching was done according to donor age, recipient Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score, and cold ischemia time. The following perioperative results were similar in both groups: alanine transaminase peaks of 909 U/L in the DBD group and 836 U/L in the cDCD group and early allograft disfunction percentages of 21% and 19.2%, respectively. The 1‐year and 3‐year overall graft survival for cDCD was 99% and 93%, respectively, versus 92% and 87%, respectively, for DBD (P = 0.04). Of note, no cases of primary nonfunction or ischemic‐type biliary lesion were observed among the cDCD grafts. Our results confirm that NRP cDCD LT meets the same outcomes as those obtained with DBD LT and provides evidence to support the idea that cDCD donors per se should no longer be considered as “marginal donors” when recovered with NRP.
Copolymerizations of Saccharin Methacrylamide with Dienes toward Softer Alternating Copolymers and Advanced Sequence Control
Authors: Kametani Yuki , Ouchi Makoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the copolymerization of saccharin methacrylamide (1) with conjugated dienes [2,3‐dimethyl butadiene (DMBD) and isoprene (IP)] as comonomers toward advanced sequence control is studied. Both monomers are consumed at the same rate in the copolymerization despite the lack of homopolymerization ability of 1, indicating that the alternating copolymerization likely progresses. The resultant copolymers are transformed into methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐diene alternating copolymers via direct methanolysis reaction for the copolymerization solution. The alternating sequence is characterized by NMR analyses in comparison with the corresponding statistical copolymers. As for the copolymer with IP, the remaining carboncarbon double bonds are hydrogenated for the synthesis of advanced sequence‐controlled polymer, MMA‐(propylene‐ethylene) alternating‐copolymer.
Some basic thoughts on the cofinalities of Chang structures with an application to forcing
Authors: Adolf Dominik T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractConsider where κ is an uncountable regular cardinal. By a result of Shelah's we have for almost all witnessing this. Here we consider the question if there could be a similar result for . We will discuss some basic facts implying that this cannot hold in general. We will use these facts to construct an interesting example of a pseudo Prikry forcing, answering a question of Sinapova.
Simulated satiation through reality‐enhancing technology
Authors: Pala Erol , Kapitan Sommer , van Esch Patrick 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe define simulated satiation through reality‐enhancing technology as any attenuation in perceived benefits that occurs within or results from vicarious and simulated intermediary sources. We examine simulated satiation as a factor that underlies consumer experiences with reality‐enhancing technologies and presents nine testable propositions. Each proposition is aimed at determining how simulated satiation can unlock implications in terms of engaging consumers for the right amount of time to improve marketing outcomes. We further conduct a proof‐of‐concept study to test proposition 1, that physiological drivers and sensory overload increases simulated satiation. The empirical results show that shorter (vs. longer) exposure to virtual reality content raises perceived usefulness for virtual reality (VR), which in turn mediates stickiness for VR experiences alongside consumers’ subjective well‐being. Finally, we carry forward key theoretical contradictions and areas for future empirical testing based on simulated satiation in reality‐enhanced environments, including experiences, that are reshaping consumer decision making.
Multiclass classification of whole‐body scintigraphic images using a self‐defined convolutional neural network with attention modules
Authors: Lin Qiang , Cao Chuangui , Li Tongtong , Cao Yongchun , Man Zhengxing , Wang Haijun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeA self‐defined convolutional neural network is developed to automatically classify whole‐body scintigraphic images of concern (i.e., the normal, metastasis, arthritis, and thyroid carcinoma), automatically detecting diseases with whole‐body bone scintigraphy.MethodsA set of parameter transformation operations are first used to augment the original dataset of whole‐body bone scintigraphic images. A hybrid attention mechanism including the spatial and channel attention module is then introduced to develop a deep classification network, Dscint, which consists of eight weight layers, one hybrid attention module, two normalization modules, two fully connected layers, and one softmax layer.ResultsExperimental evaluations conducted on a set of whole‐body scintigraphic images show that the proposed deep classification network, Dscint, performs well for automated detection of diseases by classifying the images of concerns, achieving the accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F‐1 score of 0.9801, 0.9795, 0.9791, 0.9933, and 0.9792, respectively, on the test data in the augmented dataset. A comparative analysis of Dscint and several classical deep classification networks (i.e., AlexNet, ResNet, VGGNet, DenseNet, and Inception‐v4) reveals that our self‐defined network, Dscint, performs best on classifying whole‐body scintigraphic images on the same dataset.ConclusionsThe self‐defined deep classification network, Dscint, can be utilized to automatically determine whether a whole‐body scintigraphic image is either normal or contains diseases of concern. Specifically, better performance of Dscint is obtained on images with lesions that are present in relatively fixed locations like thyroid carcinoma than those with lesions occurring in nonfixed locations of bone tissue.
Control of a wireless sensor using the pulse sequence for prospective motion correction in brain MRI
Authors: van Niekerk Adam , Berglund Johan , Sprenger Tim , Norbeck Ola , Avventi Enrico , Rydén Henric , Skare Stefan 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo synchronize and pass information between a wireless motion‐tracking device and a pulse sequence and show how this can be used to implement customizable navigator interleaving schemes that are part of the pulse sequence design.MethodsThe device tracks motion by sampling the voltages induced in 3 orthogonal pickup coils by the changing gradient fields. These coils were modified to also detect RF‐transmit events using a 3D RF‐detection circuit. The device could then detect and decode a set RF signatures while ignoring excitations in the parent pulse sequence. A set of unique RF signatures were then paired with a collection of navigators and used to trigger readouts on the wireless device synchronous to the pulse sequence execution. Navigator interleaving schemes were then demonstrated in 3D RF‐spoiled gradient echo, T1‐FLAIR (fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery) PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction), and T2‐FLAIR PROPELLER pulse sequences.ResultsExcitations in the parent pulse sequences were successfully rejected and the RF signatures successfully decoded. For the 3D gradient echo sequence, distortions were removed by interleaving flipped polarity navigators and taking the difference between consecutive readouts. The impact on scan duration was reduced by 54% by breaking up the navigators into smaller parts. Successful motion correction was performed using the PROPELLER pulse sequences in 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners without modifications to the device hardware or software.ConclusionThe proposed RF signature‐based triggering scheme enables complex interactions between the pulse sequence and a wireless device. Thus, enabling prospective motion correction that is repeatable, versatile, and minimally invasive with respect to hardware setup.
Echo time dependence of biexponential and triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion parameters in the liver
Authors: Führes Tobit , Riexinger Andreas Julian , Loh Martin , Martin Jan , Wetscherek Andreas , Kuder Tristan Anselm , Uder Michael , Hensel Bernhard , Laun Frederik Bernd 
Published: August 2021

PurposeIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) studies are performed with different acquisition protocols. Comparing them requires knowledge of echo time (TE) dependencies. The TE‐dependence of the biexponential perfusion fraction f is well‐documented, unlike that of its triexponential counterparts f1 and f2 and the biexponential and triexponential pseudodiffusion coefficients D*, , and . The purpose was to investigate the TE‐dependence of these parameters and to check whether the triexponential pseudodiffusion compartments are associated with arterial and venous blood.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers (19‐58 y; mean: 24.7 y) underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging of the abdomen with 24 b‐values (0.2‐800 s/mm2) at TEs of 45, 60, 75, and 90 ms. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn in the liver. One set of bi‐ and triexponential IVIM parameters per volunteer and TE was determined. The TE‐dependence was assessed with the Kruskal‐Wallis test.ResultsTE‐dependence was observed for f (P < .001), f1 (P = .001), and f2 (P < .001). Their median values at the four measured TEs were: f: 0.198/0.240/0.274/0.359, f1: 0.113/0.139/0.146/0.205, f2: 0.115/0.155/0.182/0.194. D, D*, , and showed no significant TE‐dependence. Their values were: diffusion coefficient D (10−4 mm2/s): 9.45/9.63/9.75/9.41, biexponential D* (10−2 mm2/s): 5.26/5.52/6.13/5.82, triexponential (10−2 mm2/s): 1.73/2.91/2.25/2.51, triexponential (mm2/s): 0.478/1.385/0.616/0.846.Conclusionf1 and f2 show similar TE‐dependence as f, ie, increase with rising TE; an effect that must be accounted for when comparing different studies. The diffusion and pseudodiffusion coefficients might be compared without TE correction. Because of the similar TE‐dependence of f1 and f2, the triexponential pseudodiffusion compartments are most probably not associated to venous and arterial blood.
Cubital tunnel perfusion in different postures—An anatomical investigation
Authors: Rossmann Tobias , Heber Ulrike M. , Heber Stefan , Reissig Lukas F. , Grisold Wolfgang , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Meng Stefan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsFor cubital tunnel syndrome, the avoidance of predisposing arm positions and the use of elbow splints are common conservative treatment options. The rationale is to prevent excessive stretching and compression of the nerve in the cubital tunnel, as this mechanical stress impedes intraneural perfusion. Data regarding those upper extremity postures to avoid, or whether elbow flexion alone is detrimental, are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess perfusion and size changes of the cubital tunnel during different postures in an experimental cadaver setup.MethodsAxillary arteries in 30 upper extremities of fresh cadavers were injected with ultrasound contrast agent. High‐resolution ultrasound of the cubital tunnel was performed during five different arm postures that gradually increased tension on the ulnar nerve and caused cubital tunnel narrowing. Contrast enhancement within the tunnel was measured to quantify perfusion. Cubital tunnel cross‐sectional area was measured to detect compression.ResultsIncreasing tension significantly reduced perfusion. When isolated, neither shoulder elevation, elbow flexion, pronation, nor extension of wrist and fingers impaired perfusion. However, combining two or more of these postures led to significant decreases. Significant narrowing of the cubital tunnel was seen in full elbow flexion and shoulder elevation.DiscussionCombinations of some upper extremity joint positions reduce nerve perfusion, but isolated elbow flexion does not have a significant impact. We hypothesize that elbow splints alone may not influence cubital tunnel perfusion but may only prevent direct compression of the ulnar nerve. Advising patients about upper extremity postures that should be avoided may be more effective.
On approximation theory of nonlocal differential operators
Authors: Yu Haicheng , Li Shaofan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, several types of nonlocal discrete differential operators have emerged either from meshfree particle methods or from nonlocal continuum mechanics, such as peridynamics. In this article, we discuss the mathematical formulation as well as construction of the nonlocal discrete differential operators. Based on a least‐square minimization procedure and the associated Moore–Penrose inverse, we have found a general form of the shape tensor and a unified expression for the first type nonlocal differential operators. We then conduct a convergence study, which provides the interpolation error estimate for the first type discrete nonlocal different operators. We have shown that as the radius of the horizon approaches to zero, the first type nonlocal differential operators will converge to the local differential operators. Moreover, we have demonstrated the computational performance of the first type nonlocal differential operators in several numerical examples.