bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the vertical structures of low‐altitude atmosphere over the Central Taklimakan Desert in summer
Authors: Yin Jinfang , Gu Haodong , Huang Jie , Wang Minzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, 1‐month continuous radiosonde observational data were applied to present the low‐altitude vertical structures and their evolutions over the Central Taklimakan Desert (CTD). The primary focus is to highlight the vertical structures near the ground with the high‐resolution (10 m in height and 6 hr in time) radiosonde data. One of the unique features evident in our results is an obvious diurnal transition in lower layers near the ground due to strong surface heating or cooling. Unlike a traditional vertical structure in the boundary layer observed over a nondesert surface, both superadiabatic and inversion layers are distinct during the day. More specifically, the superadiabatic layer is obvious in the daytime because of strong solar radiation over the desert, and the superadiabatic can reach up to 0.2 km. In contrast, an apparent inversion layer forms in the nighttime due to the surface cooling. It is found that the surface forcing mainly dominates the structures in the boundary layer. At last, the vertical structures from the observations are compared with those from the ERA‐Interim and MERRA2 reanalysis data sets. The results indicate that both reanalysis products can provide similar vertical profile patterns and diurnal variations. However, the diurnal transitions of temperature and wind profiles over the CTD are underestimated severely by both reanalysis data. Besides, the reanalysis data sets completely miss the superadiabatic near the ground in the daytime.
Pushing the limits of time beyond the Big Bang singularity: Scenarios for the branch cut universe
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Hess Peter O. , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Bodmann Benno , Razeira Moisés , Volkmer Guilherme L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this contribution, we identify two scenarios for the evolutionary branch cut universe. In the first scenario, the universe evolves continuously from the negative complex cosmological time sector, prior to a primordial singularity, to the positive one, circumventing continuously a branch cut, and no primordial singularity occurs in the imaginary sector, only branch points. In the second scenario, the branch cut and branch point disappear after the realization of the imaginary component of the complex time by means of a Wick rotation, which is replaced by the thermal time. In the second scenario, the universe has its origin in the Big Bang, but the model contemplates simultaneously a mirrored parallel evolutionary universe going backwards in the cosmological thermal time negative sector. A quantum formulation based on the Wheeler–DeWitt equation is sketched and preliminary conclusions are drawn.
Synthesis of cationic carbon dots and their effects on human serum proteins and in vitro blood coagulation
Authors: Qiao Hua , Zhang Huichao , Khan Ajab , Li Bo , Ge Lin , Liu Yequn , Bian Wei , Liu Zhizhen , Xie Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCationic carbon dots (CCDs) are a promising alternative to gene‐delivery systems, and good biosafety levels are crucial for their in vivo use. In this study, spherical and monodispersed CCDs with an average surface potential of +28.7 mV were prepared using sucrose and glutamate (denoted SG‐CCDs) using a one‐pot autoclave‐assisted method. Molecular interactions between the SG‐CCDs and four major human serum proteins (albumin, immunoglobulin G, fibrinogen, and transferrin) were investigated. The results were further verified on human serum, and the effect of the SG‐CCDs on in vitro blood coagulation was examined. The results showed that the fluorescence of human serum was clearly quenched by the SG‐CCDs through a dynamic collision mechanism. Moreover, SG‐CCDs at a concentration of 20 μM exhibited minor effects on the secondary structure of human serum. The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time as well as the fibrinogen concentration were not changed, indicating that the SG‐CCDs did not interfere with the coagulation process. This study provided an understandable background on the behaviour of CCDs in clinical applications.
Determination of protein concentration in downstream biomanufacturing processes by in‐line index of refraction
Authors: Harris Steven A. , Patel Bhumit A. , Gospodarek Adrian , Desai Jayesh , de Janon Gutiérrez Alejandro , Botonjic‐Sehic Edita , Brower Mark , Pinto Nuno D. S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProtein concentration determination is a necessary in‐process control for the downstream operations within biomanufacturing. As production transitions from batch mode to an integrated continuous bioprocess paradigm, there is a growing need to move protein concentration quantitation from off‐line to in‐line analysis. One solution to fulfill this process analytical technology need is an in‐line index of refraction (IoR) sensor to measure protein concentration in real time. Here the performance of an IoR sensor is evaluated through a series of experiments to assess linear response, buffer matrix effects, dynamic range, sensor‐to‐sensor variability, and the limits of detection and quantitation. The performance of the sensor was also tested in two bioprocessing scenarios, ultrafiltration and capture chromatography. The implementation of this in‐line IoR sensor for real‐time protein concentration analysis and monitoring has the potential to improve continuous bioprocess manufacturing.
The promising role of antibody drug conjugate in cancer therapy: Combining targeting ability with cytotoxicity effectively
Authors: Li Wen‐Qian , Guo Han‐Fei , Li Ling‐Yu , Zhang Yong‐Fei , Cui Jiu‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionTraditional cancer therapy has many disadvantages such as low selectivity and high toxicity of chemotherapy, as well as insufficient efficacy of targeted therapy. To enhance the cytotoxic effect and targeting ability, while reducing the toxicity of antitumor drugs, an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) was developed to deliver small molecular cytotoxic payloads directly to tumor cells by binding to specific antibodies via linkers.MethodBy reviewing published literature and the current progress of ADCs, we aimed to summarize the basic characteristics, clinical progress, and challenges of ADCs to provide a reference for clinical practice and further research.ResultsADC is a conjugate composed of three fundamental components, including monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and stable linkers. The mechanisms of ADC including the classical internalization pathway, antitumor activity of antibodies, bystander effect, and non‐internalizing mechanism. With the development of new drugs and advances in technology, various ADCs have achieved clinical efficacy. To date, nine ADCs have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in the field of hematologic tumors and solid tumors, which have become routine clinical treatments.ConclusionADC has changed traditional treatment patterns for cancer patients, which enable the same treatment for pancreatic cancer patients and promote individualized precision treatment. Further exploration of indications could focus on early‐stage cancer patients and combined therapy settings. Besides, the mechanisms of drug resistance, manufacturing techniques, optimized treatment regimens, and appropriate patient selection remain the major topics.
Integrative analysis of immune molecular subtypes and microenvironment characteristics of bladder cancer
Authors: Cao Jinlong , Li Jianpeng , Yang Xin , Li Pan , Yao Zhiqiang , Han Dali , Ying Lijun , Wang Lijie , Tian Junqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emergence of immunotherapy has provided an option of treatment methods for bladder cancer (BC). However, the beneficiaries of immunotherapy are still limited to small‐scale patients, and immunotherapy‐related adverse events often occur. It is a major challenge for clinical work to study the immune subtypes of BC and the molecular mechanism of immune escape, and identify the immune responders accurately. Here, we explore the immune molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and potential escape mechanisms. First, we screened the expression profiles of 303 differentially expressed immune‐related genes in BC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and successfully identified 4 molecular subtypes of BC. By comparing the clinical characteristics, immune cells infiltration, the expression of checkpoint genes, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, and gene mutation status of different subtypes, we identified different clinical and immunological characteristics of 4 subtypes. Among 4 subtypes, Cluster 2 met the general characteristics of immunotherapy responders and responded well to immunotherapy, while Cluster 4 had the highest expression of immune characteristics, and is similar to the immune environment of normal bladder tissue. Then, the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) of immune‐related genes revealed that brown module was positively correlated with subtypes. Pathway enrichment analysis explored the major pathways associated with subtypes, which are also associated with immune escape mechanisms. Moreover, the decision tree model, which was constructed by the principle of random forest screening factors, was also validated in internal validation set and external validation set from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (GSE133624), and could achieve accurate subtypes prediction for BC patients with high‐throughput sequencing. Taken together, we explored the immune molecular subtypes and their mechanisms of BC, and these results may provide guidance for the development of new BC immunotherapy strategies.
Detection of HPV infection in urothelial carcinoma using RNAscope: Clinicopathological characterization
Authors: Musangile Fidele Y. , Matsuzaki Ibu , Okodo Mitsuaki , Shirasaki Ayaka , Mikasa Yurina , Iwamoto Ryuta , Takahashi Yuichi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Murata Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a well‐established mucosotropic carcinogen, but its impact on urothelial neoplasm is unclear. We aimed to clarify the clinical and pathological features of HPV‐related urothelial carcinoma (UC).MethodsTissue samples of 228 cases of UC were obtained from the bladder, upper and lower urinary tract, and metastatic sites to construct a tissue microarray. The samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV by a highly sensitive and specific mRNA in situ hybridization (RISH) technique (RNAscope) with a probe that can detect 18 varieties of high‐risk HPV. We also conducted immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a major HPV capsid antibody and DNA‐PCR.ResultsThe HPV detection rates varied among the methods; probably due to low HPV copy numbers in UC tissues and the insufficient specificity and sensitivity of the IHC and PCR assays. The RISH method had the highest accuracy and identified HPV infection in 12 (5.2%) of the cases. The histopathological analysis of the HPV‐positive UC showed six cases of usual type UC, five cases of UC with squamous differentiation (UC_SqD), and one case of micropapillary UC. The HPV detection rate was six‐fold higher in the cases of UC_SqD than in the other variants of UC (odds ratio [OR] =8.9, p = 0.002). In addition, HPV infection showed a significant association with tumor grade (OR =9.8, p = 0.03) and stage (OR =4.7, p = 0.03) of UC. Moreover, the metastatic rate was higher in HPV‐positive than in negative UC (OR =3.4).ConclusionThese data indicate that although the incidence of HPV infection in UC is low, it is significantly associated with squamous differentiation and poor prognosis. Furthermore, our observations show that RNAscope is an ideal method for HPV detection in UC compared with the other standard approaches such as IHC and PCR assays.
Laparoscopy‐assisted immediate vaginal reconstruction with a vertical pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for primary melanoma of the vagina
Authors: Dupré Pierre‐François , Legoupil Delphine , Vigouroux Camille , Conan‐Charlet Virginie , Kergastel Isabelle , Merviel Philippe , Kerfant Nathalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vagina is a rare site for primary melanoma. Here, we report on a case of laparoscopy‐assisted immediate vaginal reconstruction with vertical pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap.
Transseptal mitral valve‐in‐valve implantation in a degenerated mitral bioprosthesis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Perrin Nils , Müller Hajo , Noble Stephane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTransseptal TMViV should be considered for mitral bioprosthesis failure especially when large THV can be implanted. Elevated residual mean gradient and its effect on valve durability and potential valve thrombosis remains an unanswered question.
Spontaneous descending colon hematoma due to a rare complication of warfarin therapy: A case report
Authors: Yavari Negin , Majdi Nassab Farzaneh , Tajvidi Mohammad Amin , Shirani Shapour , Shirani Shahram , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntramural hematoma of the colon should be considered as a diagnosis in anticoagulated patients who present with prolonged INR and GI symptoms. In stable cases, conservative medical treatment can be sufficient to avoid unnecessary procedures.
Wegener's granulomatosis and differential diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis
Authors: Rojas‐Jaimes Jesús , Hugo Rojas Figueroa Víctor , Corcuera‐Ciudad Rodrigo , Arenas José , García‐Reynoso Julio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGranulomatosis with polyangiitis with nasal septal perforation can be confused with infectious diseases such as mucosal leishmaniasis, so these cases warrant an in‐depth study in order to provide the correct treatment. Among the main characteristics to consider to define a Wegener's granulomatosis as opposed to an infectious disease are vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, and sinusopathy.
Doege‐Potter syndrome in a facial solitary fibrous tumor: Diagnose and clinical management discussion
Authors: Fort‐Culillas Roser , Barahona San Millán Rebeca , Garcia‐Fructuoso Isabel , Quera González Angels , Grau Martín Armand , Puigdemont Guinart Montserrat , Rubió‐Casadevall Jordi , Recasens Sala Mònica , Porta Balanyà Rut 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDoege‐Potter syndrome is a rare hypoglycemic paraneoplastic disorder. This case describes that severe and symptomatic hypoglycemia can occasionally be due to a rare malignant neoplasm, and the differential diagnosis of malignancy should not be overlooked in this setting.
Xanthogranulomatous endometritis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Merviel Philippe , James Pandora , Carlier Marianne , Thomas‐Kergastel Isabelle , Guilloique Marine , Conan‐Charlet Virginie , Bastard Clara , Marcorelles Pascale , Jobic Yannick , Dupré Pierre‐François 
Published: June 2021

AbstractXanthogranulomatous endometritis is a rare benign pathology mimicking endometrial carcinoma.
A case of percutaneous tricuspid valve infective endocarditis vegetation debulking using the AngioJet rheolytic catheter system—A novel therapeutic use
Authors: Back Liam Marsden , Hurley Siobhan , Beardsley Justin , Kushwaha Virag 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn patients with fulminant tricuspid valve infective endocarditis precluded from cardiothoracic intervention based on comorbidities or clinical status, percutaneous vegetation debulking utilizing the AngioJet rheolytic catheter system appears a viable rescue option to achieve source control.
Rare occurrence of lepra type 1 reaction in pure neuritic leprosy: A case report
Authors: Pathak Raksha , Agrawal Sudha , Paudyal Punam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractType 1 reaction in pure neuritic leprosy usually occurs in the form of neuritis. The development of new skin lesion during reaction is rare. Clinicians should be aware about occurrence of type 1 reaction in pure neuritic leprosy.
Process modelling and simulation of bitumen partial upgrading: Analysis of solvent deasphalting‐thermal cracking configuration
Authors: Gholami Rahman , Alvarez‐Majmutov Anton , Chen Jinwen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate a process for partial upgrading of Canadian oil sands bitumen by means of modelling and simulation. In continuation of our previous study focused on a different process configuration for partial upgrading, the process scheme analyzed in this work consists of a solvent deasphalting step to reject asphaltenes from bitumen, a thermal cracking of the deasphalted product step, and a hydrotreating step to saturate the olefins generated by thermal cracking. The model was built using commercial simulation software, incorporating customized models for the solvent deasphalting and thermal cracking units. Trends in partial upgrader product yields and quality are examined under two operating scenarios: one where the thermal cracker operates in once‐through mode and the other where the heavy portion of the thermal cracker product is recycled. Both scenarios were observed to have difficulties in achieving the product quality targets set for partial upgrading (density <0.9400 g/cm3 at 15.6°C and viscosity <350 cSt at 7°C) without any diluent addition. A key factor that significantly impacts final product yield and quality in this partial upgrading process is the formation of new asphaltenes during thermal cracking.
The Deflagrating Davy Lamp – Renaissance of an chemical masterstroke to substitute hazardous substances in modern experimental courses
Authors: Reinmold Marco , Lühken Arnim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIm Experimentalunterricht wird die heterogene Katalyse oft am Experiment der oszillierenden Verpuffung eines Methanol‐Luftgemisches an einem Kupfer‐ oder Platindraht vorgestellt. Dieses Experiment wird seit etwa 30 Jahren von verschiedenen Autor:innen weiterentwickelt. Jedoch birgt die Verwendung von Methanol in diesem Experiment einige Gefahren, da unabhängig von dessen toxischer Wirkung bei der Reaktion Methanal entsteht. Aufgrund der Gefahreneinstufungen von Methanol und Methanal ist die Durchführung dieses Experimentes im Chemieunterricht als kritisch zu bewerten. In diesem Beitrag wird nun durch Rückgriff auf einen historischen Erkenntnisstand zur heterogen‐katalytischen Wirkung des Platins ein neuartiger Schulversuch zur oszillierenden Reaktion von Alkanen mit Luftsauerstoff vorgestellt. Die Verwendung von haushaltsüblichem Waschbenzin ermöglicht die Durchführung als Schülerexperiment ab der 4. Klasse und vereinfacht die Handhabung des Versuchs.
Development of LM98, a Small‐Molecule TEAD Inhibitor Derived from Flufenamic Acid
Authors: Mélin Léa , Abdullayev Shuay , Fnaiche Ahmed , Vu Victoria , González Suárez Narjara , Zeng Hong , Szewczyk Magdalena M. , Li Fengling , Senisterra Guillermo , Allali‐Hassani Abdellah , Chau Irene , Dong Aiping , Woo Simon , Annabi Borhane , Halabelian Levon , LaPlante Steven R. , Vedadi Masoud , Barsyte‐Lovejoy Dalia , Santhakumar Vijayaratnam , Gagnon Alexandre 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe YAP‐TEAD transcriptional complex is responsible for the expression of genes that regulate cancer cell growth and proliferation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway due to overexpression of TEAD has been reported in a wide range of cancers. Inhibition of TEAD represses the expression of associated genes, demonstrating the value of this transcription factor for the development of novel anti‐cancer therapies. We report herein the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of LM98, a flufenamic acid analogue. LM98 shows strong affinity to TEAD, inhibits its autopalmitoylation and reduces the YAP‐TEAD transcriptional activity. Binding of LM98 to TEAD was supported by 19F‐NMR studies while co‐crystallization experiments confirmed that LM98 is anchored within the palmitic acid pocket of TEAD. LM98 reduces the expression of CTGF and Cyr61, inhibits MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell migration and arrests cell cycling in the S phase during cell division.
Photooxygenation of Naphthalene
Authors: Fudickar Werner , Linker Torsten 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe photooxygenation of naphthalene to the corresponding endoperoxide (EPO) under various conditions is described. Substantial conversion is only observed at −10 °C and after more than two days, indicating that the [4+2] cycloaddition of singlet oxygen to this acene proceeds much more slowly than corresponding reactions of substituted naphthalenes, a rate constant of k=5.4±0.3 M−1s−1 was determined by competition kinetics. Another problem is the thermal lability and photochemical cleavage of the naphthalene EPO. We investigated the mechanism of this radical process depending on the light source and sensitizer in comparison to known cyclohexadiene EPO. Thus, bisepoxides and keto epoxides are formed after homolysis of the O−O bond by irradiation with sodium lamps or blue LEDs and subsequent cyclization. This process is accelerated by the sensitizers methylene blue and 9,10‐dicyanoanthracene, indicating an electron transfer mechanism. Finally, the cleavage of the peroxidic bond is inhibited with red LEDs, and photooxygenation under such conditions affords 20 % EPO. Thus, we could demonstrate that contrary to literature statements singlet oxygen does indeed react with naphthalene.
Mapping the vulnerability of giant sequoias after extreme drought in California using remote sensing
Authors: Baeza Andres , Martin Roberta E. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Das Adrian J. , Hardwick Paul , Nydick Koren , Mallory Jeff , Slaton Michèle , Evans Kirk , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBetween 2012 and 2016, California suffered one of the most severe droughts on record. During this periodSequoiadendron giganteum(giant sequoias) in the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI), California, USA experienced canopy water content (CWC) loss, unprecedented foliage senescence, and, in a few cases, death. We present an assessment of the vulnerability of giant sequoia populations to droughts that is currently lacking and needed for management. We used a temporal trend of remotely sensed CWC obtained between 2015 and 2017, and recently georeferenced giant sequoia crowns to quantify the vulnerability of 7,408 individuals in 10 groves in the northern portion of SEKI. CWC is sensitive to changes in liquid water in tree canopies; therefore, it is a useful metric for quantifying the response of sequoia trees to drought. Temporal trends indicated that 9% of giant sequoias had a significant decline or consistently low CWC, suggesting these trees were likely operating at low photosynthetic capacity and potentially at high risk to drought stress. We also found that 20% of the giant sequoias had an increase or consistently high level of CWC, indicating these trees were at low risk to drought stress. These vulnerability categories were used in a random forest model with a combination of topographic, fire‐related, and climate variables to generate high‐resolution vulnerability risk maps. These maps show that higher risk is associated with lower elevation and higher climate water deficit. We also found that sequoias at higher elevations but located near meadows had higher vulnerability risk. These results and the vulnerability maps can identify vulnerable sequoias that may be difficult to save or locations of refugia to be protected, and thus may aid forest managers in preparation for future droughts.