bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stinging Insect Allergy
Authors: Yunginger John W. 
Published: December 2021

Allergic reactions to insect stings occur in approximately 0.4% of the general population.1,2 Severe anaphylactic reactions may occur in sensitive patients, and estimates suggest that 40 persons die during such reactions each year in the United States.3 From the standpoint of allergy the Hymenoptera order of insects is the most important; this order includes the bees (honeybees and bumblebees), vespids (wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets), and fire ants.
CLASSIFICATION OF STING REACTIONS
Insect sting reactions may be grouped into immediate (within two hours) or delayed (more than two hours) categories. Immediate reactions can be subdivided into local, large local, or systemic reactions, depending on the severity and extent of the reaction. Local reactions are normal reactions—a sting will cause transient pain, redness, and swelling at the sting site. In large local reactions the reaction is much more extensive, although all signs and/or symptoms produced are contiguous with the sting site. For example, a sting on the finger may produce swelling of the entire forearm or extremity. In a systemic reaction signs and/or symptoms occur at sites remote from the sting site. For example, a sting on the finger may produce angioedema of the eyelids or generalized urticaria. Toxic reactions are nonimmunologic reactions produced when an individual is stung by multiple insects within a short period of time; signs and symptoms are those of a systemic allergic reaction, but are due to the physiologic effects of vasoactive materials in the venom. Systemic allergic reactions are immunologic reactions produced by vasoactive materials released from the blood basophils or tissue mast cells as a result of interaction between venom components and specific IgE antibodies fixed to the basophils or mast cells.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Schulman Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Salt depletion was considered in the infants that were presented and was part of the basis for performing a sweat test on patient 2 when his electrolytes had normalized. Both of the infants were cared for during the month of February in upstate New York. Our evaluation of the home environments did not raise suspicions of the possibility of excessive sweating.
Dr Silber emphasizes an interesting consideration in the differential diagnosis of water intoxication. I appreciate his effort to broaden the message of my original communication.
Kilopascals
Authors: Viles Peter H. 
Published: December 2021

I share Dr VanGelder's concern about the abandonment of the millimeter of mercury (Pediatrics 66:325, 1980).
I believe the definition of 1 torr is the pressure exerted by 1 mm Hg under the influence of the earth's gravity. Therefore, my blood pressure of 120/70 mm Hg in my office is also 120/70 torr. In the unlikely event that I should be doing a consultation on the surface of the moon (one fifth the earth's gravity) my blood pressure would remain 120/70 torr but would be 600/350 mm Hg.
Acquired Eventration of the Diaphragm: A Complication of Chest Tube Placement in Neonatal Pneumothorax
Authors: Marinelli Philip V. , Ortiz Amil , Alden Errol R. 
Published: December 2021

Air leaks are frequently encountered in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome who require assisted ventilation.1 Tension pneumothorax is a lifethreatening emergency that requires prompt drainage of the pleural space with a chest tube. Hemorrhage,2 lung perforation, 34 and infarction,5 are reported complications of closed tube thoracostomy. Recently, Ayalon et al6 have reported an unusual complication: phrenic nerve injury with diaphragmatic eventration. This communication also describes an infant with acquired eventration of the diaphragm following chest tube insertion.
CASE REPORT
D. L., a 1,480-gm male infant of a 30-week gestational pregnancy developed respiratory distress that required 40% oxygen. Chest radiographs revealed diffuse bilateral reticulogranular pattern and air bronchograms.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Paradise Jack L. 
Published: December 2021

As my review article stated, reported studies supporting the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis for otitis media have involved only sulfonamides or ampicillin. As stated further, all those studies were restricted in scope and left important questions unanswered.
My review suggested that, pending the outcome of further studies, penicillin G might constitute a preferable alternative to either sulfonamides or ampicillin on grounds of (1) safety and (2) efficacy against most strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Other grounds not stated were (3) the very low cost of penicillin G and (4) concern about using a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as ampicillin for long-term prophylaxis.
L'HÔPITAL DES ENFANTS-MALADES, THE WORLD'S FIRST CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, FOUNDED IN PARIS IN 1802
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The Hôpital des Enfants-Malades founded in 1802 on the Rue de Sévres in Paris was the first hospital especially established for the treatment of sick children.
The building that was to become the first children's hospital was not a new one. It was originally known as the Maison Royale de l'Enfant-Jésus founded in 1722 by Abbé Languet de Gregy as a work shelter for 100 poor Parisian women. These women were employed in the spinning of flax and cotton, an effort that soon became a financially profitable venture.
During the French Revolution the Maison Royale de l'Enfant-Jésus was taken over by the civil authorities to be used for the storage of coal and as a garage for carriages. Soon afterward, in July 1795, the building was refurbished by a decree of the Revolutionary Public Health Commission to serve as a central orphan asylum (Maison Nationale des Orphelins) for 436 children and was so used until April 29, 1802. On that date, by a decree of the Conseil Général des Hôpitaux, the orphans were to be moved to another institution in Paris and the building was then to become the Hôpital des Enfants-Malades to be used exclusively for the care of sick children of both sexes under 15 years of age. The number of beds was fixed at 300; there were 59 staff members including two clinicians and one surgeon.1
Over the years since 1802 many new buildings have been added but part of the original building remains today.
Many famous French physicians have worked at the Hôpital des Enfants-Malades including Armand Trousseau, Henri Roget, Anatole Chauffard, Bernard Marfan, and Paul Broca.2
Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft and Unilateral Pulmonary Hypoplasia in Twins
Authors: Novak Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft1 and unilateral hypoplasia of the lung2 are rare congenital anomalies which heretofore have not been considered related. We report a unique pair of monozygous twins with mirror-image unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia associated in one twin with an extensive laryngotracheoesophageal cleft. A review of previous reports and embryologic considerations suggest that this association is not unlikely.
CASE REPORT
Twin girls were delivered by cesarean section after a 35-week gestation of a gravida 10, 39-year-old woman. The pregnancy had been uneventful until the onset of premature labor. Six previous pregnancies had produced normal healthy children and three had ended in first trimester abortions. Examination of the twin placenta showed that it was diamnionic-monochorionic, implying that the twins were monozygotic.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Ahmann Peter A. , Lazzara Anthony , Dykes Francine , Silverboard Gerald 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the interest that Dr Volpe has shown in our articles1,2 comparing lumbar puncture (LP) to computed tomography (CT) scan as an indicator of intracerebral hemorrhage. We find ourselves in disagreement with some of his conclusions and implications.
First, in regard to Volpe's comment concerning false-positive LPs. We have now performed more than 400 CT scans on high-risk preterm infants and have found CT evidence of isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage in very few. Also evidence of hemorrhage other than subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (SE/IVH) is very rare on CT scan.
OVERDOSING WITH OPIUM, A SERIOUS PEDIATRIC PROBLEM IN ENGLAND A CENTURY AND A HALF AGO
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Early nineteenth-century physicians commonly believed Sydenham's panegyric about opium—that it was a donum Dei and that the "art of physic would be defective and imperfect without it."1 Opium preparations, such as Godfrey's Cordial, a nineteenth century English proprietary preparation, contained 1¼ grain of opium in each ounce of liquid. It was readily available without prescription in England and America, and was given to infants for a variety of complaints.
The severity of the problem caused by misuse of opium given to children in Nottingham, England, in 1840 is evident in the following quotation.2
The very great number of deaths amongst children, resulting from overdoses of opium, or its preparations, and from doses thereof given in mistake for other medicines, cannot fail to excite attention ....
Most of the children poisoned in this way, lost their lives owing to the ignorance, carelessness, or presumption of their mothers. It cannot be too generally known, that narcotic, and anodyne drugs, powerful though they be in the adult, act with infinitely greater energy upon the more sensitive nervous system of the infant: so that even experienced medical men never administer remedies of this class to the very young, without exerting the utmost caution, and making the most accurate calculation.
Two drops of laudanum have been known to kill an infant. Nay we have heard of a case in which one drop stole away the life of a newborn babe. It is evident that mothers and nurses should never dare to administer medicines of the narcotic kind, except under the immediate direction of the medical attendant.
Carrier Detection of Urea Cycle Disorders
Authors: Ng W. G. , Oizumi J. , Koch R. , Shaw K. N. F. , McLaren J. , Donnel G. N. , Carter M. 
Published: December 2021

Published reports100,102,108 indicate that the degree of success attained in the treatment of infants with urea cycle disorders has not been completely satisfactory. Some new approaches in dietary management, using a combination of arginine, benzoate, and phenylacetate may be useful,67,72,76 but more studies are required. In many instances, clinical problems reflect delays in biochemical diagnosis. Families at risk need to be identified and the genotype of the fetus should be established as soon as feasible after conception, so that appropriate management can be provided during pregnancy and after delivery. Availability of effective methods for carrier detection is a critical component of this process.
With any metabolic disorder, a number of factors should be considered for carrier detection. These include: (1) frequency of occurrence of affected patients in the available population, (2) mode of inheritance, (3) cost-benefit ratio, (4) soundness of the methodology used, and (5) feasibility of prenatal diagnosis. Interestingly, the Tay-Sachs prevention program with the major objective of carrier identification is the only accepted program that has been widely discussed and evaluated.109 The frequency of occurrence of each of the five urea cycle enzyme disorders is uncertain, but ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, the only sex-linked disorder, is considered to be the most common. Not only the hemizygotes, but also many of the heterozygotes of OTC deficiency are clinically affected. The frequency of argininosuccinic aciduria has been estimated to be 1 in 60,000, based on results of a newborn screening program carried out in Massachusetts.110 Carrier identification of urea cycle disorders in the general population is not practical because of cost considerations, but it should be applied to members of affected families.
Doubts Relationship of Salicylate and Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Young William M. 
Published: December 2021

I wish to comment on the article by Starko et al regarding salicylate use as a causative factor in Reye's syndrome (Pediatrics 66:859, 1980). If this study proves more than the fact that the sicker the child is the more salicylates his parents give him, it is certainly well hidden. In this era of therapeutic nihilism, are we not to be left with aspirin?
On the other hand, it seems knowledgeable people are rapidly returning to the use of Chloromycetin without much concern.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Black Robert E. , Merson Michael , Sack David 
Published: December 2021

Dr Hughes-Davies may feel justified to treat diarrhea with "starvation and water" on the basis of reason and tradition, but we do not feel that such treatment can be supported by a review of the available evidence.
Rotaviruses, which were present in the stools of all children in our study, appear to cause diarrhea by infecting epithelial cells in the small intestine. In animals, infection is segmental and progresses from proximal to distal. Thus, only a portion of the mucosa is involved at one time.1
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS RIDS THE PEDIATRIC WARDS OF THE NEW YORK NURSERY AND CHILD'S HOSPITAL OF BEDBUGS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), one of the most significant American poets of this century, practiced pediatrics for more than 40 years in his birthplace, Rutherford, New Jersey.
As an intern in 1908-1909 at the New York Nursery and Child's Hospital, he discovered that the persistent screaming of several of his patients, especially at night, was caused by bedbug bites.
In his Autobiography Williams described his tactics as an exterminator.
Next day I got permission to buy half a barrel of bar-sulfur, big pieces round as my wrist.
THE PERNICIOUS PRACTICE OF FEEDING DISTILLERY SLOP TO DAIRY COWS
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Robert M. Hartley (1796-1881) was one of the founders and for many years secretary of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. In his long-forgotten Essay on Milk,1 he vividly described the appalling dairy practices in New York City in the 1840s.
He wrote:
The manner of producing milk to supply the inhabitants of cities and other populous places, is so contrary to our knowledge of the laws which govern the animal economy, that from a bare statement of the facts, any intelligent mind might confidently anticipate the evils which actually result from it. The natural and healthy condition of the cows, appears, for the most part, to be utterly disregarded. They are literally crowded together in large numbers in filthy pens, which at once deprives them of aequate exercise and pure air, both of which are indispensably essential to their health.... The dairies have been formed around the distilleries, for the purpose of consuming on the spot the slop refuse.... The cow-pens are rude, unsightly wooden buildings, varying from fifty to two hundred feet in length, and about thirty feet in breadth. They are very irregularly arranged, so as to cover the entire ground, excepting narrow avenues between; and appear to have been temporarily constructed, as the arrival of new dairies required enlargements for their accommodation.... Let the visitor go into the midst of the pens, when crowded with cattle... and inhale but one breath of the polluted air, and an inexpressible impression of heart-sickening disgust will be produced, which time will never efface....
Atypical Kawasaki Disease with Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Canter Charles E. , Bower Richard J. , Strauss Arnold W. 
Published: December 2021

Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome), initially described in Japan, is now being seen with increasing frequency in the United States.1 The diagnosis is based on the typical constellation of signs and symptoms.1,2 Mortality is 1% to 2%, and significant morbidity results from aneurysmal formation in midsize arteries, especially the coronary arteries, which may result in rupture or myocardial infarction.
We report an unusual case of Kawasaki disease. The initial febrile illness was an atypical presentation.
A large abdominal aortic aneurysm developed, which subsequently was resected. Seven months after the febrile illness an asymptomatic myocardial infarction secondary to bilateral coronary arterial aneurysms was documented.
New Issues in Newborn Screening for Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Scriver Charles R. , Holtzman Neil A. , Howell R. Rodney , Mamunes Peter , Nadler Henry L. , Manley Audrey F. , Oakley Godfrey , Simpson Joe Leigh 
Published: December 2021

Screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is of concern to parents, physicians, and public health professionals. Parents have an abiding interest in a predictive activity that can prevent disease in their offspring. Physicians and their consultants must counsel parents and interpret a positive screening test. Public health personnel are concerned with the specificity and sensitivity, efficiency, and effectiveness of newborn screening.
The Committee on Genetics has previously published recommendations on newborn screening for PKU and CH.1 Further recommendations are required because PKU and CH screening are widely practiced joint procedures in the newborn and because most full-term newborn infants are now being discharged from North American nurseries within the first three days after birth. This new practice is likely to have an effect on the validity of newborn screening and on screening for PKU, in particular.
A recent statement from the Committee on Fetus and Newborn (Pediatrics 65:651, 1980) addressed the problem of so-called "in and out deliveries." However, the statement was ambiguous on the issue of whether such infants should be screened routinely on the initial discharge from the nursery. The Committee on Genetics believes that all infants, regardless of age, should be screened for PKU and CH at discharge from the nursery.
The Committee believes that screening is not the equivalent of diagnosis; some cases of PKU and CH will inevitably be missed by screening. Whereas an important reason for missed cases may be the biology of the target disorders, none should slip through the screening mesh because of flaws in the program and its components.
Food and Behavior Studies Needed
Authors: Crook William G. 
Published: December 2021

I read with interest the letters of Rapp and Stare on "Diet and Hyperactivity" (Pediatrics 67:937, 1981) and I'm pleased that Pediatrics is continuing to air this problem.
Admittedly, the diet/hyperactivity controversy is complex—unbelievably complex. Yet, every single day in my own pediatric and allergy practice I receive anecdotal reports from parents who tell me that the hyperactive behavior in their children subsides...often dramatically ... following a seven-day elimination diet. Parents report sugar as the number one cause of hyperactivity.
Head Size and Intelligence
Authors: Knobloch Hilda , Malone Anthony 
Published: December 2021

We would like to raise some of the more obvious questions about the procedures and conclusions in the article by Lipper et al (Pediatrics 67:502, 1980) relating head circumference at birth to neurobehavioral outcome.
One criterion stated for inclusion of an infant in the study was a birth weight less than the tenth percentile. How then can the authors proceed to divide their population into those who were below the tenth percentile (small for gestational age [SGA]) and those who were above the tenth percentile (appropriate for gestational age [AGA])?
HOW SUSANNA WESLEY, MOTHER OF THE FOUNDER OF METHODISM FED HER CHILDREN (1732)
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Susanna Wesley (d. 1742), the mother of 19 children, one of whom was John Wesley (1703-1791), the founder of Methodism, knew the importance of food in shaping the character of her children. This is evident in the following quotation taken from her letter of June 24, 1732, to hen son, John, in which she described how the Wesley children were brought up.
As soon as they were grown pretty strong they were confined to three meals a day. At dinner their little table and chairs were set by ours, where they could be overlooked; and they were suffered to eat and drink (small beer) as much as they would; but not to call for anything. If they wanted aught, they used to whisper to the maid that attended them, who came and spake to me; and as soon as they could handle a knife and fork they were set to our table. They were never suffered to choose their meat, but always made to eat such things as were provided for the family.
Mornings they had always spoon-meat; sometimes at nights. But whatever they had, they were never permitted to eat at those meals, of more than one thing; and of that sparingly enough. Drinking or eating between meals was never allowed, unless in case of sickness; which seldom happened. Nor were they suffered to go into the kitchen to ask anything of the servants, when they were at meat: if it was known they did, they were certainly beat, and the servants severely reprimanded....
Ampicillin-Resistant, β-Lactamase-Negative Haemophilus influenzae Type b
Authors: Offit Paul A. , Campos Joseph M. , Plotkin Stanley A. 
Published: December 2021

Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates resistant to ampicillin have been reported with increasing frequency since 1973.1 The mechanism of resistance is usually via production of a plasmid-mediated β-lactamase.2 We report the second clinical isolate of an ampicillin-resistant strain of H influenzae type b with no detectable β-lactamase activity.
CASE REPORT
A 20-year-old white woman was admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with a three-day history of fever to 39 C, cough, tachypnea, and diarrhea. Past medical history was significant for the following: (1) recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections first noted at 5 years of age, (2) a selective deficiency of IgG and IgA documented at 8 years of age necessitating monthly immune serum globulin injections, (3) chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with resultant obstructive and restrictive lung disease, (4) severe cachexia, (5) a chronic, maculopapular facial rash, and (6) recurrent, bilateral serous otitis media and sinusitis.
‘Promoters of the Health Code Believe Fervently’
Authors: Katz Michael 
Published: December 2021

Your commentaries, statements, and editorials on the subject of "Infant Formula Controversy," in the September 1981 issue, have poured oil not on troubled waters, but right into the raging fire. As a pediatrician with experience and interest in the Third World, I cannot let your message stand unchallenged.
The fundamental issue before us is active promotion of breast-feeding throughout the world, not just in developing countries. The evidence of the beneficial effects of this natural product is not a matter of controversy.
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Twins: Three Cases with Normal Co-twins
Authors: Lindsay Alan N. , MacGillivray Margaret H. , Voorhess Mary L. 
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency is unusual in twin sibships. We report three twins with growth hormone deficiency whose co-twins are growing normally and have no evidence of hypothalamicpituitary dysfunction. It is likely that the affected children sustained perinatal insult. The data illustrate that idiopathic growth hormone deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis when there is a major discrepancy in height between twins.
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
Male twins I were born at 36 weeks' gestation to a 27-year-old gravida 3, para 2. There was no history of abnormal vaginal bleeding, infection or, toxemia. Labor was spontaneous and lasted two hours.