bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit Partners' Co-Working Experience and Audit Outcomes
Authors: Huang Ting-Chiao , Chen Chen , Kaplan Steven E. , Lin Yi-Hung 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
We examine whether increases in co-working experience between the lead and concurring audit partners affect engagement audit quality and audit efficiency. We define co-working experience as the lead and concurring audit partners having worked together in these roles on previous audit engagements for clients other than the focal client. A priori, increases in co-working experience could increase or decrease audit quality, but are expected to increase audit efficiency. Using data from Taiwan, where the identities of lead and concurring audit partners are known, we find that co-working experience is positively associated with audit quality and audit efficiency. Further, the effects of co-working experience on audit quality and audit efficiency are more pronounced when co-working experience is more intensive, the two partners are more accessible to each other, the audit firm is less experienced with the client or less knowledgeable about the client's industry, or client audit risks are higher.
Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M4; M42.
eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): A Review and Implications for Future Research
Authors: Hoitash Rani , Hoitash Udi , Morris Landi 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
This study seeks to advance research related to eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL). XBRL is an open standard for reporting structured financial information which enables the efficient gathering of data and automated comparison of financial information. To encourage research using XBRL we describe the richness of XBRL data and sources from which it can be obtained. We follow with a review of the literature, beginning with research examining the adoption and use of XBRL by capital market participants. Next, we discuss data quality concerns that may impact the use of XBRL data, followed by a discussion of how auditors use XBRL data and their potential role in the assurance of the data. We then present literature that uses meta and underlying XBRL data to examine financial statement characteristics and disclosure properties. Based on the review of the literature, we identify topics with the greatest potential for future research.
The Role of Hemoglobin A1c in Operative Patients
Authors: Gill Gurwinder , Moitra Vivek K 
Published: January 2021

Patients with diabetes mellitus have abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and systemic complications. Up to 10% of patients who undergo surgery present with occult diabetes mellitus. With poor glucose control, serum and tissue proteins are glycosylated to produce advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs) that contribute to the development of rapidly progressive atherosclerosis and plaque progression. AGEs block nitric oxide activity and have been implicated in the vascular complications of diabetes. The glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin (HbA1c) is formed from the nonenzymatic glycation of hemoglobin residues and reflects long-term (3 months) glucose control and may be a useful screening tool to identify patients with undiagnosed diabetes. An elevated HbA1c is associated with an increased risk of postoperative infectious complications and risk of acute kidney injury, cerebrovascular accidents, and myocardial infarction during the perioperative period.
This review contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 42 references.
Key words: HbA1c, perioperative hyperglycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin, surgical infection, Diabetes Mellitus, perioperative complications
Enteral and Parenteral Nutritional Support - test
Authors: Berry Cherisse , Diaz Jose J 
Published: January 2021

Malnutrition among the critically ill is widely prevalent, resulting in impaired ventilator drive, prolonged ventilator dependence, impaired immunologic function, and increased risk of infection. The initiation of early nutrition therapy, specifically enteral nutrition, decreases the early loss of lean mass, provides calories, and improves patients’ immunity and healing, which is critical for improving morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from critical illness. Determining nutritional risk using the Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) score; assessing nutritional needs, including protein and calorie needs, with ongoing reassessments; gaining gastrointestinal access for initiating early enteral therapy with a standard polymeric isotonic or near-isotonic 1 to 1.5 kcal/mL formula for surgical critically ill patients within 24 to 48 hours of admission to the intensive care unit; monitoring for gastrointestinal intolerance and complications; and selecting immunonutrition, specifically arginine and omega-3 fatty acids, for the postoperative surgical critical care patient are key strategies in overcoming malnutrition and improving overall morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients.
This review contains 1 figure, 3 tables, and 52 references.
Key words: enteral nutrition, immunonutrition, nutritional assessment, nutritional risk, refeeding syndrome
The Suicidal Patient
Authors: Brooks Jessica , Gitlin David 
Published: January 2021

Suicidal ideation is a common psychiatric emergency seen across a broad range of patients. Although admission to a dedicated psychiatric unit is preferable, patients with suicidal ideation are often admitted to internal medicine or family medicine services, either for management of comorbid medical conditions or because of a lack of available psychiatry beds. Primary care physicians and emergency physicians are particularly likely to encounter suicidal patients, given their high clinical volume and the relatively high prevalence of suicidality in their community of patients. In addition, many patients who present with nonpsychiatric complaints will also have concurrent suicidal ideation. This review discusses the approach to the patient, and definitive treatment, disposition, and outcomes. Figures show suicide in 2010 was the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 38,364 deaths, men are more likely to use firearms and hanging, while women are more likely to attempt suicide by poisoning, and suicide is more common in whites and Native Americans compared to Hispanics or Asians.
This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 45 references.
Keywords: Suicide, suicidal ideation, depression, overdose, suicidal management, mental health
The Risk Of Surgery In Patients With Liver Disease 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, And Pre-Operative Evaluation
Authors: Reuben Adrian 
Published: January 2021

The results of retrospective large scale registry and cohort studies, and small case series, substantiate the common perception that operating on a liver disease patient is risky. The preexisting physiological derangements of liver disease may be exacerbated by the trauma of surgery and its complications, which contributes strongly to the aforementioned surgical risks, especially (but not exclusively) in cirrhotics. Perturbations in liver blood flow and oxygenation may be exaggerated by anesthesia, surgery itself, blood loss, and other operative complications. Cirrhotics are especially susceptible to acute and chronic kidney injury. Malnutrition is common in cirrhosis, which compromises wound healing and recovery from surgery. In cirrhosis, elimination of infection is impaired and its systemic effects are deleterious. The metabolic and immunological stresses of surgery may lead to liver function deterioration, even in stable cirrhotics. Presented here is the pre-operative evaluation of liver disease patients, including the use of predictive indices, new dynamic tests of liver function, and modestly invasive assessment of portal hypertension.

This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables and 52 references
Keywords: acute-on-chronic liver failure, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, cirrhosis, coagulopathy, infection, hepatic venous pressure gradient, liver blood flow, model for end-stage liver disease, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, thrombocytopenia
Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Gabardi Steven , Sadegh Marjan , Azzi Jamil , Stevens Craig A 
Published: January 2021

The prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among hospitalized patients has increased sharply over the past 10 to 20 years. One complicating factor in this population is that many pharmacologic agents that are administered to these patients are handled, to some degree, by the kidneys. These medications may experience altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in patients with renal dysfunction, increasing the chances of drug misadventures. Historically, drug dosing in patients with AKI has been approached in the same manner as in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). The majority of dosing recommendations for AKI have been extrapolated from studies performed in patients with stable CRI. Renal drug clearance, composed of glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and renal drug metabolism, is affected by renal dysfunction. It is clear that there is a reduction in renal clearance of drugs and toxins in both AKI and CRI. However, the type of renal dysfunction may affect other parameters of drug handling. Thus, dosing stratagems extrapolated from patients with CRI may result in subtherapeutic drug concentrations and ineffective treatment. Achieving a balance between under- and overdosing requires rigorous monitoring and individualized dosing.
Key words: acute kidney injury, drug dosing, pharmacokinetics
Women with Disabilities
Authors: Iezzoni Lisa I. 
Published: January 2021

Women with disabilities face substantial barriers to obtaining health care services. They are more likely than nondisabled women to smoke cigarettes, to be obese or overweight, to be physically inactive, and to report depressive symptoms, anxiety, and fears. Women with disabilities are often stigmatized as being asexual and experience higher rates of domestic partner and in-home abuse. Physical, communication, and attitudinal barriers within the health care system may prevent women with disabilities from receiving the care they need. This module discusses the definition of disability, prevalence and demographics of disability among US women, health conditions and risk factors, and general considerations in caring for women with disabilities. Selected health issues in caring for women with disabilities, including reproductive and parental rights, menstruation and fertility, contraception, preconception counseling, and menopause, are also discussed. Tables review components of the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability, examples of disability definitions, disability indicators using National Health Interview Survey data, health conditions causing chronic mobility disability for women ages 18 to 49, comorbid health conditions reported among women with and without disability, mental health conditions reported by women with and without disability, examples of women’s experiences with inaccessible medical equipment, examples of communication accommodations, and accessible labeling of prescription drug containers. Figures include the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability model of disability and graphs showing the percentage of women with basic action difficulties (BADs); with one or more BADs; with complex action limitations; with BADs by racial and ethnic groups; with indicated level of education and income among women with and without BADs; with indicated level of self-reported overall health among women with BADs; by smoking status among women with and without BADs; in body mass index category among women with and without BADs; with indicated physical activity level among women with and without BADs; with indicated heath care service use and lacking health insurance among women with and without BADs; and receiving Pap smears, mammography screening, and colon cancer screening among women with and without BADs.
This review contains 12 highly rendered figures, 9 tables, and 86 references.
Myoclonus
Authors: Shibasaki Hiroshi , Koning-Tijssen Marina A J 
Published: January 2021

Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, jerky, shocklike, involuntary movements involving the extremities, face, and trunk, without loss of consciousness. Myoclonus is one of the most commonly encountered involuntary movements, and it can be seen in association with a variety of conditions. This review covers the epidemiology, classification, and diagnosis of myoclonus, as well as a thorough discussion of cortical myoclonus, myoclonus of brainstem origin, myoclonus of spinal cord origin, and myoclonus of undetermined origin. Figures show the principle of jerk-locked back-averaging, example data of jerk-lock averaging, schematic diagrams of cortical reflex myoclonus and spontaneous cortical myoclonus, a polygraphic electromyogram (EMG) recorded from a patient with postanoxic, reticular reflex myoclonus, surface negative slow electroencephalographic (EEG) potentials recorded before psychogenic jerks and voluntary movements mimicking the jerks in a patient with a diagnosis of psychogenic truncal movements, and an EEG-EMG polygraph in a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Tables list the classification of myoclonus based on the estimated site of origin, causes of cortical myoclonus, and causes of progressive myoclonus epilepsy and gene abnormalities.
Key words: cortical myoclonus, EEG-EMG polygraph, epilepsy syndromes, involuntary movements, myoclonus
This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 63 references.
Management of Psychosocial Issues in Terminal Illness
Authors: Thomas Jane DeLima , Reitschuler-Cross Eva , Block Susan D 
Published: January 2021

Patients facing serious or life-threatening illness experience challenges to their psychological, social, and spiritual lives as well as to their physical function and comfort. Physicians may be accustomed to focusing on the biomedical aspects of illness, but they have a critical role in assessing the patient's psychosocial issues to identify sources of distress and help implement a plan for mitigating them. An appropriate psychosocial assessment requires a methodical and rigorous approach and includes assessment of any psychosocial issue affected by or affecting a patient's experience of illness. This chapter outlines a structured approach to addressing psychosocial issues by discussing (1) the doctor-patient relationship; (2) coping with illness; (3) family dynamics and caregiving; (4) ethnic and cultural issues; (5) religious, spiritual, and existential issues; (6) mental health issues, including adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety, personality disorders, aberrant drug behaviors, and major mental health issues; and (7) grief and bereavement. Tables outline psychosocial assessment questions, factors predisposing patients with serious illness to depression, risk factors for suicide in patients with terminal illness, and classes of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedatives. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire is provided, as well as a list of Web sites with further resources about psychosocial issues in serious illness.
This chapter contains 1 highly rendered figure, 6 tables, 216 references, and 5 MCQs.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
Authors: Majeed Hassan , Stanfa Charles , Sudak Donna 
Published: January 2021

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported psychotherapy shown to be effective and durable for the treatment of a variety of psychiatric illnesses. It is problem focused and conceptually driven. Cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, exposure, and developing good action plans for out-of-session practice are tools that benefit patients for a lifetime. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature that supports the use of CBT, introduce the key elements of the therapeutic approach, and illustrate them with case examples. The structure of the session and the CBT approach to the therapeutic alliance are highlighted in the text.
This review contains 23 tables, and 59 references.
Key words: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive restructuring, collaboration, behavioral activation, exposure
Professionalism in Surgery
Authors: Shapiro Jo , McMains K. Christopher , Botros-Brey Sylvia 
Published: January 2021

The medical profession continues to be challenged along the entire range of its cultural values and its traditional roles and responsibilities. This review explores the meaning of professionalism, translating the theory of professionalism into practice, and the future of surgical professionalism. A table offers the elements of the American College of Surgeons’ Code of Professional Conduct.
This review contains 1 table and 32 references
Keywords: medical ethics, virtue-based medicine, patient care, professionalism
Suomalaista ruotsia keskiajalta nykypäivään
Authors: Lönnroth Harry 
Published: January 2021

Arvioidut teokset:
Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Finländsk svenska från medeltid till 1860. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går III:1. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2019. 416 s. isbn 978-951-583-456-0.
Marika Tandefelt (toim.): Finländsk svenska från 1860 till nutid. Svenskan i Finland – i dag och i går III:2. Helsinki: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland 2019. 458 s. isbn 978-951-583-457-7.
Towards an Understanding of FLOSS
Authors: Darking Mary L. , Whitley Edgar A. 
Published: January 2021

In this paper we present empirical work detailing the engagement practices of a large FLOSS project, the Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE). In common with many other FLOSS projects, the DBE project focused on the development of infrastructural software components. Infrastructures and FLOSS software exhibit multiplicity: as objects they both change and stay the same. Whilst the implications of multiplicity with respect to infrastructure have been well-documented, with respect to FLOSS, they remain under-explored. Through examining how the DBE engaged new participants we were able to explore the nature of the FLOSS software object by asking the implied question: engagement with what? We draw on recent analysis by Law and Singleton to show how the innovative yet non-existent potentiality of the DBE was as significant to engagement as its steadily growing codebase. We argue that acknowledging the materiality and immateriality of the FLOSS software object has important consequences for management of, and engagement with, FLOSS projects.
Researching Collaborative Interdisciplinary Teams
Authors: Freeth Rebecca , Vilsmaier Ulli 
Published: January 2021

Collaborative interdisciplinary research is on the rise but can be difficult and daunting. There is much to learn by studying the inner workings of collaboration, to the potential benefit of both science and technology studies (STS) and those who collaborate. We have been studying the inner workings of a collaborative interdisciplinary team using formative accompanying research (FAR). Assuming multiple insider-outsider vantage points implied adopting dynamic positionality in relation to the team. In this article, we outline an approach to navigating positionality based on these research experiences. Navigation is aided by identifying learning orientations to a collaborative team, to learn about, with or for the team; and by adopting practices and principles to balance i) observation and participation; ii) curiosity and care; and iii) impartiality and investment. We illustrate what we have learned so far, demonstrating how to apply these navigating instruments so that the skilful use of FAR positionality can advance the understanding and practice of collaborative interdisciplinary research.
Nörttikulttuurin identiteettikriisi
Authors: Arjoranta Jonne , Kontturi Katja , Varis Essi , Välisalo Tanja 
Published: January 2021

Nörttikulttuuri on identiteettikriisissä. Perinteisesti nörttimäisinä pidetyt käytänteet ja kulttuurituotteet ovat siirtyneet lähemmäs valtavirtaa, mikä on häivyttänyt rajaa nörttien ja muiden median ja teknologian käyttäjien välillä. Nörttikulttuurin sisälle tämä on heijastunut kiistaksi siitä, kuka saa osallistua nörttikulttuurin kuluttamiseen, tuottamiseen ja määrittelyyn, ja millä tavoin. Stereotypia nörttikulttuurista valkoisten heteromiesten maskuliinisena kenttänä ei koskaan ole pitänyt täysin paikkansa, mutta 2000-luvulla väitteen totuudellisuus on murentunut entisestään.
Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme nörttiyden kriisiä kolmen tapaustutkimuksen kautta ja analysoimme, mitä Gamergate-kampanja, Comicsgate-liikehdintä ja The Last Jedi -elokuvasta käyty keskustelu paljastavat nörttikulttuurin sisällä ja ympärillä mylläävistä kiistoista. Analysoimme tapauksia kontekstualisoivan lähiluvun keinoin ja keskitymme erityisesti siihen, mitä ne kertovat sukupuolen ja nörtti-identiteetin välisestä suhteesta. Osoitamme, että nörttikulttuurin valtavirtaistuminen on rikkonut illuusion sen yhtenäisyydestä.

Geek culture’s identity crisis: Gamergate, Comicsgate, and Star Wars as scenes of political controversy

Geek culture is having an identity crisis. Cultural objects that have traditionally been recognised as ‘geeky’ have shifted closer to the mainstream, which is dissolving the boundary between geeks and other users of contemporary media and technology. Inside geek culture, this is reflected in controversies over who gets to participate in consuming, creating, and defining the subculture, and how. The stereotype of geek culture as the domain of white heterosexual males has never been quite true, but in the 21st century, this false notion has become progressively harder to uphold.
In this article, we explore the crisis of geek culture through three case studies and analyse what Gamergate campaigns, Comicsgate controversy, and the discussion around The Last Jedi movie reveal about the conflicts in and around geek culture. We analyse the cases by the means of contextual close reading, focusing especially on what they reveal about the relationship between gender and geek identity. As a result, the article demonstrates how the mainstreaming of geek culture has broken the nostalgic illusion of its unity.