bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical Research of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for The Treatment of Epilepsy in Southern Mozambique
Authors: Correia Helena , Emanuelson Maria Wanda , Nhantumbo Moisés , Andrassone Paulo , Cumbi Graça , Mataveia Adilencia , Bechel Aurélio , Boane Ernesto , Inroga Mércia , Cruz Odete da , Sambo Ana , Gaspar Felisbela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects about 50 million people worldwide, mainly in developing countries. It is treated with anticonvulsant drugs, but in some cases, conventional anticonvulsants have not been effective, leading patients to turn to alternative herbal treatments. The study aimed to identify plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy in southern Mozambique, record the parts used, the method of preparation as well as the mode of administration.
Methodology:

The study was conducted between April to June 2019. 53 Traditional Medicine Practitioners were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by calculating the Percentage of Citation (%FC) and Informant Factor Consensus (IFC).
Results

A total of 32 medicinal plants belonging to 18 botanical families were identified for the treatment of epilepsy in the southern part of Mozambique. The species, Hugonia orientalis Engl (22.64%), Maclura africana Bur (16.98%), Strychnos spinosa Lam (13.21%), Terminalia sericea Bruch ex DC (13.21%) and Manilkara mochisia (Bark) Dubard (11.32%) were the most cited. The families Annonaceae and Menispermaceae (4 species) were the most representative in number of species. The root was the most commonly used plant part (54.2%), the frequently used preparation mode was decoction (71%), and administration of the remedies was often by oral route.
Conclusion

Medicinal plants still play an important role in primary health care in the study area. However there is a need to develop pharmacological studies based on these plants to understand the mechanism of action of the bioactive compounds and for the future development of new and more effective anticonvulsant drugs
Melatonin Ameliorates Axonal Hypomyelination of Periventricular White Matter by Transforming A1 to A2 Astrocyte via JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Neonatal Rats Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection
Authors: Jiang Shuqi , Wang Huifang , Zhou Qiuping , Li Qian , Liu Nan , Li Zhenggong , Chen Chunbo , deng yiyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Astrocyte A1/A2 phenotypes may play differential role in the pathogenesis of periventricular white matter (PWM) damage in septic postnatal rats. In this study, we sought to determine whether melatonin(MEL) would improve the axonal hypomyelination and neurological dysfunction, and, if so, to ascertain whether this may be related to transformation of astrocyte A1 to A2 phenotype.Methods: One-day-old Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into control, LPS, and LPS+MEL groups. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect IBA1, GFAP, MAG, C3 and S100A10 in the PWM of neonatal rats. C1q, IL-1α and TNF-α expression were assessed by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Electron microscopy was conducted to observe alterations of axonal myelin sheath in the PWM, and the number of PLP and MBP positive oligdendrocytes was caculated using in situ hybridization. The effects of MEL on locomotor ability, spatial learning and memory were evaluated by behavioral testing. In vitro, A1 astrocyte was induced by IL-1α, C1q and TNF-α, the effect of MEL on C3 and S100A10 expression was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was investigated to determine whether it was involved in modulation of A1/A2 phenotype transformation.Results: At 1 and 3 days after LPS injection, IBA1+ microglia in the PWM were significantly increased in cell numbers which generated excess amounts of IL-1α, TNF-α, and C1q. The number of A1 astrocytes was significantly increased at 7-28d after LPS injection. In rats given MEL treatment, the number of A1 astrocytes was significantly decreaed, but that of A2 astrocytes, PLP+, MBP+ and MAG+ cells was increased. By electron microscopy, ultrastructural features of axonal hypomyelination were attenuated by MEL. Furthermore, MEL improved neurological dysfunction as evaluated by different neurological tests. In vitro, MEL decreased the C3 significantly, and upregulated expression of S100A10 in primary astrocytes subjected to IL-1α, TNF-α and C1q treatment. Additionally, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was found to be involved in modulation of A1/A2 phenotype transformation. Conclusions: MEL effectively alleviates PWMD of septic neonatal rats, and that it is most likely through modulating astrocyte phenotypic transformation from A1 to A2 via the MT1/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Novel Dual CAFs and Cancer Cell Targeting Nano-Drug Delivery System for Anti-Fibrosis Mechanism of Liver Cancer
Authors: Guo Chunjing , Hou Xiaoya , Liu Xue , Sun Changgang , Chen Daquan , Kong Ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study proposed the construction of a delivery system based on dual targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cell for the treatment of liver cancer. (Z-Glycine-Proline)-Hyaluronic Acid-Sulcanidone-Ginger Anone, named as GHSO, was an amphiphilic carrier material with dual pH/ROS sensitive and dual targeting properties that could be used to load hydrophobic drug to improve their solubility and enhance biocompatibility. Consequently, we combined paclitaxel (PTX) with GHSO to design a novel nano-micelles, called GHSO@PTX micelles. Also, we prepared a single targeted nano-micelles (Hyaluronic Acid-Sulcanidone-Ginger Anone) named HSO@PTX. The GHSO@PTX micelles was 159.40±14.30 nm-sized in neutral water. The electron microscopy results showed that the two micelles were relatively uniform in size and spherical in shape. The results of in vitro release experiments shown that GHSO@PTX micelles had better pH sensitivity and ROS responsiveness. Under the conditions of low pH/high H2O2 concentration, the cumulative release of micelles was the largest, which could achieve better therapeutic effects. Cell uptake, cytotoxicity of GHSO@PTX micelles were examined at different concentrations by using SMMC-7721 cells and CAFs. The 3D tumor ball experiment showed that GHSO@Cur micelles were more permeable than HSO@Cur, and proved the superiority of GHSO carrier. It first targeted CAFs cells, opened the physical barrier of tumor cells, and achieved deep penetration of tumor sites. We conducted pathological studies and immunohistochemical studies on isolated tissues and tumor tissue sections of nude mice, and investigated the safety and effectiveness of the preparations H&E staining confirmed its safety, Ki 67 was down-regulated, proving that tumor cell proliferation was inhibited, and the down-regulation of α-SMA and Masson proved that CAFs were inhibited and the preparation GHSO@PTX has the effect of killing CAFs and reducing the fibrosis of the tumor. A promising hyaluronic acid-based nanomedicine platform acts as a new drug delivery system to enhance the deep penetration effect of the tumor, and reduce the degree of fibrosis.
A Toolkit for Implementation of Clinical Genomic Testing: Using a Combined Stakeholder and Evidence-Driven Approach
Authors: Taylor Natalie , Long Janet C , Gaff Clara , North Kathryn , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Best Stephanie 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe complexity of clinical genomics – testing your entire genetic information for health benefit – is a rapidly evolving field demanding swift clinical practice change at multiple levels as widespread testing in healthcare becomes a reality. We aimed to a) describe a combined stakeholder- and evidence-driven approach to developing a toolkit for implementing genomics into the Australian health system, and b) hypothesise key steps in the change to Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains via coded implementation strategies and associated mechanistic links. METHODSThe TDF was used to analyse interview data from 16 nongenetic medical specialists using genomics in practice. Barriers and enablers were identified for three key target behaviour areas across the genomic testing process: 1) identifying patients, 2) test ordering/reporting, and 3) providing results. Barriers were grouped by distinct TDF domains, and, where barriers overlapped, ‘overarching’ domains were identified. Intuitive enabling strategies generated by clinicians were aligned with identified barriers, and retrospectively coded against evidence-based behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Additional theory-driven strategies were developed to address remaining identified barriers. Using structured expert consensus processes, members of the research team participated in a series of workshops to discuss and agree theory-informed links and propose mechanisms through which specific implementation strategies would address TDF-based barriers.RESULTSA total of 32 barriers were coded against TDF domains and constructs, and eight overarching TDF domains were identified on 13 occasions. Across all target behaviour areas, 21 BCTs were represented within the 30 intuitive enabling strategies generated by clinicians, found to be used on 49 occasions. Of these, nine (18%) aligned with a corresponding distinct TDF domain coded barrier that has previously demonstrated statistically significant mechanistic links. 20 new implementation strategies were developed to address nine remaining barriers using a theory-driven approach.CONCLUSIONThis study provides rich detail of crucial stages in intervention development, aiming to ensure implementation strategies are both evidence-informed and contextually appropriate. All barriers were mapped to the TDF, implementation strategies coded against BCTs, and standardised hypothesised behavioural pathways have been proposed, making potential underlying theory explicit. Next steps will be to test toolkit effectiveness for facilitating scale-up of genomics across Australia.
Probiotic characterization and in vitro functional properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated in Thailand
Authors: Sitdhipol Jaruwan , Niwasabutra Kanidta , Chaiyawan Neungnut , Teerawet Siritorn , Thaveethaptaikul Punnathorn , Phuengjayaem Sukanya , Taweechotipatr Malai , Tanasupawat Somboon , Phapugrangkul Pongsathon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Fourteen lactic acid bacteria from fermented foods and feces of healthy animals in Thailand were characterized for their potential as probiotics. All isolates could survive in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (pH 2) and bile salt solution (pH 8) more than 70% and 63%, when compare with initial cell concentration, respectively. Adhesion test showed more than 70% adhesive property an in vitro experiment. The susceptibility assay showed that all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, norfloxacin, penicillin, tetracycline and vancomycin. Based on phenotypic and genetic characteristics, they belonged to the genera Lactiplantibacillus, Levilactobacillus, Capanilactobacillus, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Limosilactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus. The isolates exhibited antimicrobial ability against pathogenic bacteria; Gram positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466 and Listeria monocytogenes TISTR 2196) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Salmonella enteritidis TISTR 2202 and Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292). Limosilactobacillus reuteri MF67.1 and Companilactobacillus farciminis R7-1 showed bile salt hydrolase activity. Cell-free culture supernatants of all 14 isolates were screened for immunomodulating effects on Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) production. Twelve isolates were able to decrease TNF-α production at different levels, especially Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum R26-3 and Lacticaseibacillus zeae M2/5 could high inhibit TNF-α production, showing 34 and 29% reduction, respectively. These results suggested that all 14 strains met the general criteria of probiotics and four strains, including Lacticaseibacillus zeae M2/5, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum R26-3, Limosilactobacillus reuteri MF67.1 and Companilactobacillus farciminis R7-1, represent interesting candidates for further studies as anti-inflammatory (M2/5, R26-3) or cholesterol reducing agents (MF67.1, R7-1) in vivo animal models.
Cardiac Effects of Treadmill Running With Different Intensities in a Rat Model
Authors: Yan Zhipeng , Zeng Ni , Li Jieting , Liao Tao , Ni Guoxin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Exercise is an effective intervention for both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the structural and functional changes that occur in cardiac response and how they diﬀer with various exercise intensities, hence exploring the potential signal transduction.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR) groups. Each exercise group had 3 different operation time subgroups for 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, and all rats observed a daily 1 h treadmill routine 5 days per week. Echocardiographic measurements were performed at the end of the experimental program. Additionally, myocardium samples and blood were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. Changes in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway were detected by Western blotting.Results: After a week of running, ventricular myocyte size and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the HIR group, while left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter values and LV relative wall thickness increased in the LIR and MIR groups. In addition, we observed heart enlargement, cTnI decrease, and ERK1/2 signal activation in each of the exercise groups after 4 weeks of running. However, the HIR group displayed a substantial rupture and increased fibrosis in myocardial tissue. In addition, compared with the LIR and MIR groups, 8 weeks of HIR resulted in structural damage, fiber deposition, and increased cTnI. However, there was no difference in activation of ERK1/2 signaling between the exercise groups and SED group.Conclusions: The effect of running on cardiac hypertrophy was intensity dependent. In contrast to LIR and MIR, 8 weeks of HIR-induced cardiac hypertrophy was characterized by potential cardiomyocyte injury, which increased the risk of pathological development. Furthermore, the ERK signaling pathway was mainly involved in the compensatory hypertrophy process of the myocardium in the early stage of exercise and was positively correlated with exercise load. However, long-term exercise may attenuate ERK signaling activation.
The Importance of Apex Location and Proximal Hemi-Curve Morphology for the Surgical Tactic of Significant Convex Coronal Imbalance in Patients with Dystrophic Scoliosis Secondary to Type I Neurofibromatosis: Classification and Management
Authors: Mao Saihu , Li Song , Ma Yanyu , Shi Ben-long , Liu Zhen , Zhu Ze-zhang , Qiao Jun , Qiu Yong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. There was a paucity of valid information on how to discriminate between different patterns of convex coronal imbalance (CCI>3cm) in dystrophic scoliosis secondary to Type I neurofibromatosis (DS-NF1), while aggravated postoperative CCI occurred regularly with the causes being insufficiently investigated. We aimed to develop a new classification of CCI in DS-NF1, and to optimize the coronal rebalancing strategies.Methods. NF1-related scoliosis database was reviewed and different types of CCI were identified, and the outcomes of coronal rebalance were analyzed. Results. Two main CCI patterns were defined: thoracic CCI (Type 1) and thoracolumbar/lumbar CCI (Type 2), and were further subtyped by the compensatory behavior of the upper hemi-curve (straight or curved morphology). The incidence of immediate post-op CCI was 0.0% and 63.6% for Type1 and Type 2 groups, respectively. Mismatch of both translation and inclination correction between the upper and lower hemi-curve was significant in the post-op coronal imbalanced group (△Upper Arc Translation/△Lower Arc Translation: 109.6±60.0% vs. 31.8±34.4%, p=0.008; △Upper Arc Inclination/△Lower Arc Inclination: 89.8±36.6% vs. 33.5±37.3%, p=0.012). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that △UAT/△LAT significantly correlated with the correction of coronal balance distance (β=-21.567; p=0.018). A surgical rebalancing algorithm was proposed to treat each subtype.Conclusion. Thoracolumbar/lumbar CCI in dystrophic scoliosis was prone to suffer high risk of persistent post-op CCI. Satisfying coronal rebalance should rely on maximal translational correction of lower hemi-curve, while the upper hemi-curve played the role of fine-tuning for coronal realignment rather than radical Cobb correction, straight morphology in particular.
Blood Serum Metabolite and Volatile Fatty Acid Profiles of Finishing Pigs Fed Diets with High and Low Levels of Energy and Crude Protein
Authors: Montoro Jordi Camp , Solà-Oriol David , Muns Ramon , Gasa Josep , Llanes Núria , Manzanilla Edgar Garcia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Studying how dietary imbalances affect blood serum metabolite (BSM) and faecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) profiles may help to understand whether pigs are fed adequate diets in commercial farms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of high and low net energy (NE) and crude protein (CP) diets on performance, BSM and VFA profiles on finishing pigs.Results: Twenty pens of 11 pigs (87.0 ± 4.10 kg; 18 weeks old) were assigned to 1 out of 5 dietary treatments (DT): control (C; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, and 9.5 g/kg SID Lys), low CP (LCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 132.0 g/kg CP, 7.5 g/kg SID Lys), high CP (HCP; 10.03 MJ/kg NE, 188.0 g/kg CP, 11.5 g/kg SID Lys), low NE (LNE; 9.61 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys) and high NE (HNE; 10.45 MJ/kg NE, 160.0 g/kg CP, 9.5 g/kg SID Lys). Pigs were followed for 10 days and blood and faecal samples were collected at the end of the trial. Performance was not affected by DT (P > 0.05). Albumin and glucose did not differ between DT (P > 0.05). HNE pigs had higher triglycerides (0.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L) and creatinine (133.8 ± 3.97 µmol/L) than LNE pigs (0.28 ± 0.03; 117.2 ± 3.97; P < 0.05); however, HNE pigs had lower total protein (60.9 ± 1.51 g/L) than C pigs (67.4 ± 1.51; P = 0.033). LCP pigs had higher cholesterol (2.4 ± 0.08 mmol/L) than LNE pigs (2.0 ± 0.08; P = 0.015); while HCP pigs had higher serum urea nitrogen (13.6 ± 0.95 mg/dL) than the other DT (7.5 ± 0.95; P < 0.001). Total VFA (mmol/kg) did not differ among DT (P > 0.05), but C and HNE pigs had higher branched-chain fatty acids (6.3 ± 0.38% of total VFA) than LNE pigs (4.4 ± 0.38; P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary imbalances in energy and protein affect BSM and VFA profile. BSM and VFA analysis may be good indicators to detect unbalanced diets in pig farms, especially serum urea nitrogen, to detect an excess of protein.
Outcomes in Trauma Patients Undergoing Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kim Seon Hee , Huh Up , Song Seunghwan , Kim Min Su , Wang Il Jae , Tak Young Jin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) remains controversial in trauma patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we aimed to investigate its therapeutic benefits and the factors affecting patient outcomes.Methods: From 2017–2019, 21/1938 trauma patients (median age: 47 years; 20 men) at a level I trauma center received VV ECMO for post-traumatic ARDS. Demographic, injury-specific, ECMO, and outcome data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to analyze the factors affecting hospital mortality and ECMO results.Results: Nineteen patients (90.5%) were successfully weaned off ECMO; 16 patients (76.2%) survived to discharge. In the univariate analysis, there was a significant difference in survival between the groups with a Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) ≥0.5 and TRISS <0.5 (p=0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of both TRISS and Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) scores in death was 0.78. In those who failed ECMO weaning, the AUCs of TRISS and RESP scores were 0.90 and 0.80, respectively.Conclusions: In patients with ARDS caused by severe trauma and supported by VV ECMO, survival is associated with TRISS; TRISS and RESP scores may be predictive of mortality and failure of ECMO weaning.
Mechanical properties of the Al-Mg/MWCNTs composite powders: The effects of ball milling process parameters
Authors: Ahmadian Hossein 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The effects of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) and the ball milling parameters on the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg alloy powders were investigated. Three different composite powders were synthesized through ball-milling process at different time and milling rates. The microstructural and phase analyses were carried out via scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicated that increasing the ball-milling time and rate would lead to the formation of finer particles, which consequently intensifies the plastic deformation and then, results in lower crystallite size. The morphological investigations indicated that while the MWCNTs agglomerates in lower milling rates, increased milling rate not only improve the distribution of the MWCNTs, but also decreases the length of the nano-tubes and promotes their diffusion into Al-Mg matrix. The formation of Al-Mg intermetallic phases through the ball-milling process of the composite powders was also confirmed via microstructural investigations.
The effect of the head-up position in cardiopulmonary resuscitation – A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Cheng-Chieh , Chen Kuan-Chih , Lin Zih-Yang , Chou Yu-Hsuan , Chen Wen-Liang , Lee Tsung-Han , Lin Kun-Te , Chou Chu-Chung , Lin Yan-Ren 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveThe pros and cons of the head-up position (HUP) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have been controversial in previous studies. This study aims to clarify the effect of HUP CPR compared to supine position (SUP) CPR.MethodThree databases were comprehensively searched (PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) for articles published from database inception to 10 May 2021. The primary outcome was cerebral perfusion pressure (CerPP). The secondary outcomes were mean intracranial pressure (ICP), mean artery pressure (MAP), coronary artery perfusion pressure (CoPP) and the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate.ResultA total of 7 studies including 138 animals were included. We found that CerPP (SMD, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.98–2.19; p < 0.01; I2 = 51%) and ICP (SMD, -3.59; 95% CI, -5.16– -2.02; p < 0.01; I2 = 87%) were decreased significantly in the HUP group. HUP had a similar MAP (SMD, -0.54; 95% CI, -1.75–0.66; p = 0.38; I2 = 87%) and ROSC rate (RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.31–2.60; p = 0.84; I2 = 65%) to SUP. In addition, there was an increased CoPP trend in HUP, but the difference was not statistically significant (SMD, 0.92; 95% CI, -0.24–2.08; p = 0.12; I2 = 84%)ConclusionThe HUP 30° in active compression-decompression CPR (ACD-CPR) with an impedance threshold device (ITD) can increase CerPP by significantly lowering ICP and maintaining MAP compared to SUP, and the effect is immediate and lasts the whole CPR duration. In addition, CoPP might also be increased compared to that with SUP.