bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eugenol Mediated Inhibition of Biofilm Formed by S. Aureus a Potent Organism for Pediatric Digestive System Diseases
Authors: Ni KaiHua , Cai Danlei , Lu Jianhong , Tian Jianmei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ocimum tenuiflorum (KT) is a common ethno-botanical plant of the south-east Asia. The ethnic communities of these regions use the various parts of the plants specially the leaves for the treatment of various ailments like cold and flu, chronic infections and surface ailments. The leaves of these plants are consumed to act as immune boosters in the body. With this ethnical background we performed the antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of the methanolic extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum (KT) against biofilm formed by S. aureus biofilm. The biofilm formed by S. aureus is a potent cause for the development of gastro-intestinal (GI) associated chronic infection. The extract from the KT leaf was analyzed using UV spectroscopy and HPLC to confirm the presence of the active ingredients present within the extract. The HPLC and GC-MS studies revealed the presence of eugenol and linalool in a greater proportion having the maximum drug like properties. It was observed that KT showed maximum inhibition of biofilm, protein and carbohydrate being present with the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Interestingly, the maximum inhibition to the quorum sensing (QS) and the genomic DNA, RNA content was reduced by eugenol and linalool in comparison to the plant extract. The studies were supported by in-silico interaction between eugenol and linalool with the QS proteins of S. aureus. The studies were further confirmed with microscopic studies SEM and FCM. The IR studies also confirmed much reduction in biofilm when treated with eugenol, linalool and KT with respect to the untreated sample.
Health-related Quality of Life in Children With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Chronic Phase
Authors: Zheng Fangyuan , Dou Xuelin , Zhang Liqiang , Jin Jie , Zhang Yanli , Liu Bingcheng , Meng Li , Zhu Xiaofan , Lu Zesheng , Jia Yueping , Liu Huilan , Lin Hai , Zhou Li , Zhao Xielan , Yang Wei , Sun Hui , Qian Sixuan , Ma Hongxia , Zhang Leping , Jiang Qian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose To explore the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated variables in children with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic phase (CML-CP) receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire was given to children with CML and their parents, who were <18 years at diagnosis of CML and <19 years at study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, including demographic information, clinical information, and the Chinese version of Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQL™) Cancer Module 3.0 as HRQoL questionnaire.Results 289 questionnaires were collected, and data from 207 (71.6%) respondents were analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed that children with symptoms had worse pain (-10.7; P<0.001), nausea(-17.9; P<0.001), treatment anxiety(-6.7; P=0.008), worse appearance self-assessment (-7.5; P<0.001) and communication problems(-3.9; P=0.028), and worse HRQoL(-4.1; P=0.013). Children whose mothers had low educational qualifications complained worse pain(-8.3; P=0.005), worried more about the future (-11.6; P=0.002), had poor self-assessment (-5.1; P=0.045), and worse HRQoL (-6.5; P=0.002). Children at a younger age of study when studied had more procedural anxiety (3.3; P=0.008), more cognition problems (3.4; P=0.001), and worse HRQoL (1.4; P=0.040), while increasing age at diagnosis had worse appearance self-assessment (-2.1; P=0.015) and HRQoL (-1.4; P=0.039). Other variables significantly associated with worse HRQoL included female sex and rural household registration. Parents reported more gastrointestinal disorders and worry about the future and had less concern about appearance than reported children.Conclusions This study suggests that female gender, increasing age at diagnosis, younger age at study, lower mother’s education level, and TKI-related symptoms reported were significantly-associated with worse HRQoL. Parents and children have different priorities in the HRQoL.
Molecular Characteristics of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Suckling Piglets With Colibacillosis
Authors: Seo Kwang Won , Do Kyung-Hyo , Lee Wan-Kyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Colibacillosis is a frequent enteric disease in the pig industry that causes significant economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant E. coli isolates from suckling piglets with colibacillosis. Results: A total of 43 FQ-resistant E. coli isolates were tested in this study and all isolates showed multi-drug resistance (MDR) and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions (gyrA or parC). In particular, FQ-resistant E. coli isolates with a high FQs minimum inhibitory concentration range (≥64 mg/L for ciprofloxacin, ≥128 mg/L for enrofloxacin, and ≥256 mg/L for norfloxacin) were shown to carry double mutations in gyrA in combination with double mutations in parC. A total of 12 (27.9%) isolates were positive for the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and aac(6’)-Ib-cr (7 isolates), qnrS (3 isolates), and qepA (2 isolates) were also positive. We identified the following in PMQR-positive E. coli isolates: β-lactamases–encoding blaCMY-2 (10 isolates, 83.3%), blaTEM-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaOXA-1 (7 isolates, 58.3%), blaSHV-1 (3 isolates, 16.7%), and blaAAC-2 (1 isolate, 8.3%); the tetracycline resistance genes tetD (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetE (12 isolates, 100.0%), tetA (11 isolates, 91.7%), and tetB (1 isolate, 8.3%); the aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene aac(3)-II (2 isolates, 16.7%); the sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 (9 isolates, 75.0%) and sul2 (10 isolates, 83.3%); and the chloramphenicol resistance genes (10 isolates, 83.3%). The most prevalent fimbrial antigen, combinations of toxin genes, and non-fimbrial adhesins genes were F4 (7 isolates, 58.3%), LT:STb:EAST1 (5 isolates, 41.7%), and paa (3 isolates, 25.0%), respectively. Although all PMQR-positive E. coli carried class I integrons, only 4 isolates carried the gene cassette arrangement. The most common plasmid replicon was FIB (9 isolates, 75.0%), followed by FIC, HI1, and N (7 isolates, 58.3%), respectively.Conclusions: Because FQ resistant genetic determinants that can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria in humans or pigs, critical need for comprehensive surveillance of antimicrobial resistance on pig farms.
Distinct Phyllosphere Microbiome of Wild Tomato Species in Central Peru Upon Dysbiosis
Authors: Runge Paul , Ventura Freddy , Kemen Eric , Stam Remco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plants are colonized by myriads of microbes across kingdoms, which affect host development, fitness and reproduction. Hence, plant microbiomes have been explored across a broad range of host species, including model organisms, crops and trees under controlled and natural conditions. Tomato is one of the world’s most important vegetable crops, however little is known about the microbiota of wild tomato species. To obtain insights into the tomato microbiota occurring in natural environments, we sampled epiphytic microbes from leaves of four tomato species, Solanum habrochaites, S. corneliomulleri, S. peruvianum and S. pimpinellifolium, from two geographical locations within the Lima region of Peru over two consecutive years. Here, a high-throughput sequencing approach was applied to investigate microbial compositions including bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes across tomato species and geographical locations. The phyllosphere microbiome composition varies between hosts and location. Yet, we identified persistent microbes across tomato species that form the tomato microbial core community. In addition, we phenotypically defined healthy and dysbiotic samples and performed a downstream analysis to reveal the impact on microbial community structures. To do so, we compared microbial diversities, unique OTUs, relative abundances of core taxa and microbial hub taxa, as well as co-occurrence network characteristics in healthy and dysbiotic tomato leaves and found that dysbiosis affects the phyllosphere microbial composition in a host species-dependent manner Yet, overall, the present data suggests an enrichment of plant-promoting microbial taxa in healthy leaves, whereas numerous microbial taxa containing plant pathogens occurred in dysbiotic leaves. Concluding, we identify the core phyllosphere microbiome of wild tomato species, and show that the overall phyllosphere microbiome can be impacted by sampling time point, geographical location, host genotype and plant health. Future studies in these components will help understand the microbial contribution to plant health in natural systems and can be of use in cultivated tomatoes.
Optimal Triage for COVID-19 Patients Under Limited Intensive Care Unit Capacity: Development of a Parsimonious Machine Learning Prediction Model and Threshold Optimization Using Discrete-Event Simulation
Authors: Kim Jeong Min , Lim Hwa Kyung , Ahn Jae-Hyeon , Lee Kyoung Hwa , Lee Kwang Suk , Koo Kyo Chul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems. To effectively triage COVID-19 patients within situations of limited data availability and to explore optimal thresholds to minimize mortality rates while maintaining the healthcare system capacity.Methods: A nationwide sample of 5601 patients confirmed for COVID-19 up until April 2020 was retrospectively reviewed. XGBoost and logistic regression analysis were used to develop prediction models for the patients’ maximum clinical severity during hospitalization, classified according to the WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (OSCI). The recursive feature elimination technique was used to evaluate the extent of the model performance’s maintenance when clinical and laboratory variables are eliminated. Using populations based on hypothetical patient influx scenarios, discrete-event simulation was performed to find the optimal threshold within limited resource environments that minimizes mortality rates.Results: The cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of the baseline XGBoost model that utilized all 37 variables was 0.965 for OSCI ≥ 6. Compared to the baseline model’s performance, the AUROC of the reduced model that utilized 17 variables was maintained at 0.963 with statistical insignificance. Optimal thresholds were found to minimize mortality rates in a hypothetical patient influx scenario. The benefit of utilizing an optimal triage threshold was clear, reducing mortality up to 18.1% compared to the conventional Youden Index.Conclusions: Our adaptive triage model and its threshold optimization capability reveal that COVID-19 management can be integrated using both medical and healthcare management sectors to guarantee maximum treatment efficacy.
Trophic Niche Shifts and Phenotypic Trait Evolution are Largely Decoupled in Australasian Parrots
Authors: García-Navas Vicente , Tobias Joseph A. , Schweizer Manuel , Wegmann Daniel , Schodde Richard , Norman Jannette A. , Christidis Leslie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Trophic shifts from one dietary niche to another have played major roles in reshaping the evolutionary trajectories of a wide range of vertebrate groups, yet its consequences for morphological disparity and species diversity differs among groups. Methods: Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to examine whether the evolution of nectarivory and other trophic shifts have driven predictable evolutionary pathways in Australasian psittaculid parrots in terms of ecological traits such as body size, beak shape, and dispersal capacity. Results: Rates of lineage diversification appear to be constant over time and we find no evidence for an ‘early-burst’ scenario of morphological diversification. The best-fitting models indicate that trait evolution in this group is characterized by abrupt phenotypic shifts (evolutionary jumps), with no sign of multiple phenotypic optima correlating with different trophic strategies. Thus, our results point to the existence of weak directional selection and suggest that lineages may be evolving randomly or slowly toward adaptive peaks they have not yet reached. Conclusions: This study adds to a growing body of evidence indicating that the relationship between avian morphology and feeding ecology may be more complex than usually assumed and highlights the importance of adding more flexible models to the macroevolutionary toolbox.
Dynamic evaluation of ulcerative colitis model in BALB/c mice induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt
Authors: YS Xu , Tang M , Lu Q , Ahunova H , JIANG ZHILIN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this experiment, BALB/c mice were induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish ulcerative colitis (UC) model. Treatment by intragastric administration of oxalazine (600 mg/Kg)，the disease activity index (DAI), colonic mucosal injury index (CMDI) and histopathological score (HS) of mice in each group were measured at different times. And the changes of T cell subsets in spleen and the content of IL-1 β in serum of UC mice at different time points were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA method. The investigation of the dynamic changes of various indexes in mice during the period of modeling and administration is of great significance for exploring the etiology and pathological changes of the disease, determining the methods of treatment and the research and development of new drugs.
Blood Glucose and Epicardial Adipose Tissue at the Hospital Admission as Possible Predictors for COVID-19 Severity
Authors: GUARISCO GLORIA , Fasolo Martina , Capoccia Danila , Morsello Gabriele , Carraro Anna , Zuccalà Paola , Marocco Raffaella , Borgo Cosmo Del , Pelle Giuseppe , Iannarelli Angelo , Orlando Elena , Spagnoli Alessandra , Carbone Iacopo , Lichtner Miriam , Iacobellis Gianluca , Leonetti Frida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: to study the possible association of CT-derived quantitative Epicardial Adipose Tissue (EAT) and glycemia at the admission, with severe outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Methods: 229 patients consecutively hospitalized for COVID-19 from March 1st to June 30th2020 were studied.Non contrast chest CT scans, to confirm diagnosis of pneumonia, were performed. EAT volume (cm3) and attenuation (Hounsfield units) were measured using a CT post-processing software. The primary outcome was acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or in-hospital death.Results: The primary outcome occurred in 56,8% patients. Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in the group ARDS/death than in the group with better prognosis [114 (98-144) vs 101 (91-118) mg/dl, p=0,001]. EAT volume was higher in patients with vs without the primary outcome [103 (69,25;129,75) vs 78,95 (50,7;100,25) cm3, p <0,001] and it was positively correlated with glycemia, PCR, fibrinogen, P/F ratio. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and EAT volume were independently associated with ARDS/death. Glycemia and EAT attenuation were risk factor for ARDS/death with a trend of statistical significance.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both blood glucose and EAT, measurable and modifiable targets, could allow the early identification of subjects at greater risk of developing severe complications.
Quantitative and qualitative variations of effective parameters on biogas produced from mixed wastes in anaerobic digester: Bench scale
Authors: Amouei Abdoliman , Sasi Ali Darvish , Amooey Aliakbar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Today, biogas production from municipal solid waste as one of the most important sources of energy supply in the world is increasing. In this study, the potential of biogas production from a mixture of cow dung and catering waste was investigated using a continuous flow anaerobic bioreactor with 60 litres at the Bench scale. Operational parameters such as pH, Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C/N), mixing ratio of restaurant and cow waste in weight percentage (0:100, 50:50, 70:30, and 100:0), total solids (TS) (%5, %10 and %20), temperatures (35, 45 and 55°C) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were evaluated. The results showed that the maximum yield and percent of the biogas produced from cow manure digestion separately was 1003 ml/day and %52.82. Digestion of the catering waste and cow manure as a mixture showed the best mixing ratio, total solid and temperature is 70:30 (w/w), %20 and 55°C respectively and biogas production yield and percent in this conditions was obtained 5430 ml/day and %74.4 respectively. The ORP obtained in this study is -327 millivolt (mv), which indicates the appropriate conditions of the anaerobic process in biogas production and confirmation of methanogenesis.
Genetic Assessment of Hyperuricemia and Gout in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Subgroups of Pregnant Women: Biospecimens Repository Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alghubayshi Ali , Edelman Alison , Alrajeh Khalifa , Roman Youssef 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGout, an inflammatory condition, is characterized by the precipitation of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) in or around joints. The latter is caused by chronic hyperuricemia (HU) - high urate levels in the blood. Genetic variations in urate transporters play a significant role in determining urate levels within the human body, rendering some racial and ethnic groups more or less susceptible to developing HU or gout. This study aims to estimate the frequencies of HU and gout risk alleles in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups, using biorepository DNA samples. MethodsThe biospecimens repository center at the University of Hawaii provided DNA samples of consented post-partum women of Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Native Hawaiian, Samoan, and Marshallese descent. The DNA was previously extracted from the cord blood and genotyped at the Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Cancer Center (Honolulu, HI). Nine urate genes: ABCG2, SLC2A9, SLC16A9, GCKR, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, LRR16A, PDZK1, and SLC17A1, were selected due to their significant association with HU and gout risk. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotype frequencies was assessed, using the Chi-Square test with p<0.05 for statistical significance. Allele frequencies in our study were then compared to EUR from the 1000 Genomes Project Database, using the Chi-square or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used, with p<0.006 for statistical significance. ResultsOur study involved 1095 post-partum women 18-year-old or older who self-reported their respective race and ethnicity, including Asian and Pacific Islander ancestry. Asian groups involved Korean, Japanese, and Filipino. Besides, the Pacific Islander group includes Native Hawaiian, Marshallese, and Samoan. None of the study participants had a history of gout. We excluded the PDZK1 gene from the final analysis due to its deviation from HWE (p<0.05) across all the populations. Compared to EUR, the genetic polymorphism frequencies were significantly different-8/8 in Japanese, 6/8 in Korean, 6/8 in Filipino,8/8 in Samoan, 6/8 in Hawaiian, and 6/8 in Marshallese. HU and gout risk alleles indices were 8, 5, 6, 5, 4, and 4 in Japanese, Korean, Filipinos, Samoans, Marshallese, and Hawaiians, respectively. The percentage of cumulative risk alleles was 100 percent in Japanese and Filipino followed by 83.5% in Korean. ConclusionsCompared to EUR, Asian subgroups, particularly Filipinos, Japanese, and Korean, had the highest risk of allele index. These results could partly explain that Asian people have an increased risk of developing HU or gout.
E-SPORTS GLOBAL MARKET: CONTEMPORARY TRENDS
Authors: Ilin A. B. , Sizova Yu. S. , Ponomareva Yu. D. , Sizov S. D. 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify aspects of the e-sports commercialization and analyze its entrepreneurial core. Based on the of the economic science initial models, e-sports genesis, data from the author's sociological survey and secondary sources of information, elements of commercialization of the entrepreneurial core of e-sports are systematized. The main milestones of e-sports development in the world in general and in Russia in particular are monitored; examples of the e-sports development in the period of COVID-19 pandemic are given; market participants of the industry are identified. Comparative analysis of multilevel ecosystems of sports competitions in the field of traditional sports and e-sports is carried out; statistics of the global e-sports market from 2016 to 2019 and a description of the resource base of e-sports are given. The authors methodize the elements of commercialization and monetization of the entrepreneurial core of e-sports. Based on the results of the author's sociological survey, and the analysis conducted in the paper, it is concluded that the basis of the entrepreneurial core of e-sports is the intellectual and physical activity of people based on electronic games. Thus, e-sports can be considered to be a fundamentally new intellectual discipline, forming around itself stakeholders that contribute to its monetization. It is concluded that the e-sports business core is bottomed on the physical and intellectual activity of people based on electronic games. The results of the study can be used by various entrepreneurial structures working in the sports industry.
One-Pot Glycosylation Strategy for Rapid Access of Oligosaccharides with Wide Range of Molecular Diversity
Authors: Sangwan Rekha , Mandala Pintu Kumar 
Published: June 2021

:
In carbohydrate chemistry, the synthesis of complex saccharides with well-defined
structures is the most formidable process as it is quite strenuous to isolate carbohydrates in
acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with
well-defined structures are often most conveniently accessed through chemical syntheses.
This review mainly focuses on the methodologies for one-pot glycosylation into the complex
glycans from the non-reducing end to reducing end and vice versa, orthogonal, preactivation
based, photochemical as well as hybrid one-pot glycosylation. The main goal of this review in
the carbohydrate community was to rapidly synthesize biologically relevant glycans that can
be implemented for research in carbohydrate-based vaccine development, diagnostics, as well
as drug discovery.
Advances in the Synthesis and Antisense Technology Applications of Bridged Nucleic Acid Monomers
Authors: Mangla Priyanka , Olety Balaji , Sharma Vivek K. 
Published: June 2021

:
Bridged Nucleic Acids (BNA) or Locked Nucleic Acids (LNA) belong to a class of
nucleic acid modification that is obtained by connecting the 2'-O and 4'-C of ribose sugar using
a methylene bridge. This ‘bridging or locking’ of ribose sugar has a tremendous impact on
the biological and biophysical properties of therapeutic nucleic acids. They have enhanced
stability against nucleases and also have a higher binding affinity for the target RNA. Owing
to these advantages, BNA is one of the most preferred nucleic acids modifications of antisense
oligonucleotides (ASOs). However, the synthesis of BNA monomers is lengthy and
low-yielding and requires extensive protection and deprotection of the sugar functionalities. In
this article, we aim to review challenges associated with their synthesis and discuss recent
chemical, chemo-enzymatic, and transglycosylation strategies employed for the efficient and
cost-effective synthesis of BNA monomers and selected BNA analogues.