bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of terahertz phase modulation from free space to guided wave integrated devices
Authors: Zeng Hongxin , Gong Sen , Wang Lan , Zhou Tianchi , Zhang Yaxin , Lan Feng , Cong Xuan , Wang Luyang , Song Tianyang , Zhao YunCheng , Yang Ziqiang , Mittleman Daniel M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the past ten years, terahertz technology has developed rapidly in wireless communications, spectroscopy, and imaging. Various functional devices have been developed, such as filters, absorbers, polarizers, mixers, and modulators. Among these, the terahertz phase modulation is a current research hotspot. It is the core technology to realize flexible control of the terahertz wavefront, beam scanning, focusing deflection. It is indispensable in terahertz wireless communication, high-resolution imaging, and radar systems. This review summarizes the research progress of terahertz phase modulators from the two major types: free space and guided wave integration. Among these, the free space terahertz phase modulator is realized by combining the tunable materials and artificial metasurfaces. Based on different types of tunable materials, the terahertz free space phase modulator combining the semiconductor, liquid crystal, phase change materials, graphene, and other two-dimensional materials are introduced, and the influence of different materials on the phase modulation performance is discussed and analyzed. The monolithic integration and waveguide embedding methods are introduced separately, and the characteristics of different forms of terahertz-guided wave phase modulation are also discussed. Finally, the development trends of terahertz phase modulators, possible new methods, and future application requirements are discussed.
Brain–body communication in stroke
Authors: Winek Katarzyna , Cuervo Zanatta Daniel , Zille Marietta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with limited therapeutic options available for selected groups of patients. The susceptibility to stroke depends also on systemic parameters, and some stroke risk factors are modifiable, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) or hypertension. When considering new treatment strategies, it is important to remember that the consequences of stroke are not limited to the central nervous system (CNS) injury, but reach beyond the boundaries of the brain. We provide here a brief overview of the mechanisms of how the brain communicates with the body, focusing on the heart, immune system, and gut microbiota (GM).
What the eye tells the brain: retinal feature extraction
Authors: Szatko Klaudia P. , Franke Katrin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To provide a compact and efficient input to the brain, sensory systems separate the incoming information into parallel feature channels. In the visual system, parallel processing starts in the retina. Here, the image is decomposed into multiple retinal output channels, each selective for a specific set of visual features like motion, contrast, or edges. In this article, we will summarize recent findings on the functional organization of the retinal output, the neural mechanisms underlying its diversity, and how single visual features, like color, are extracted by the retinal network. Unraveling how the retina – as the first stage of the visual system – filters the visual input is an important step toward understanding how visual information processing guides behavior.
The Asymmetric Impact of Oil Prices on Unemployment in the MENA Region
Authors: Cheratian Iman , Farzanegan Mohammad Reza , Goltabar Saleh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe examine the effects of oil prices on unemployment rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) over the period of 1991–2017. Using the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (panel NARDL) model, the results show that in the long run, positive changes of oil prices exert a positive (increasing) impact on the unemployment rate. However, negative changes in oil prices have a significant decreasing effect on the unemployment rate in the MENA region. We also find that the short run changes in oil prices do not show a significant effect on unemployment rates. Our findings are robust to an alternative measure of oil rents per capita and in line with predictions of the resource curse hypothesis. Countries with higher dependency on natural resource rents experience, on average, a slower long run economic growth rate (and thus higher unemployment rates), compared with countries with lower dependency.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor ameliorate hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats
Authors: Zeng Wen , Wang Yu , Xi Yufeng , Wei Guoqing , Ju Rong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of brain injury in neonates. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show therapeutic potential for HIBD, and genetic modification may enhance their neuroprotective effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-overexpressing BMSCs (BMSCs-HGF) against HIBD and their underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
BMSCs were transfected with HGF using adenoviral vectors. HIBD models were established and then BMSCs were transplanted into the brains of HIBD rats via intraventricular injection. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure cerebral infarction volumes. In vitro, primary cultured cortical neurons were co-cultured with BMSCs in a Transwell plate system. Oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to imitate hypoxic–ischemic insult, and PD98059 was added to the culture medium to block the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Cell apoptosis was determined using TUNEL staining. The expression of HGF was measured by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blots. The expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was measured by western blots.

Results
HGF-gene transfection promoted BMSC proliferation. Moreover, BMSCs-HGF decreased HIBD-induced cerebral infarction volumes and enhanced the protective effects of the BMSCs against HIBD. BMSCs-HGF also increased expression of HGF, p-ERK, and Bcl-2 in brain tissues. In vitro, BMSC-HGF protected neurons against OGD-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation abolished the neuroprotective effect of BMSCs-HGF against OGD.

Conclusions
BMSCs-HGF is a potential treatment for HIBD and that the ERK/Bcl-2 pathway is involved in the underlying neuroprotective mechanism.
Third harmonic generation of a relativistic self-focusing laser in plasma under exponential density ramp
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Thakur Vishal , Singh Arvinder , Kant Niti 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Present study focuses on self-focusing and its effect on third harmonic generation (THG) of a Gaussian laser beam in plasma under the influence of exponential density ramp. Relativistic nonlinearity has been taken into account which is aroused due the modification of electron’s mass in the presence of high intensity laser. Under strong ponderomotive force, electrons acquire very high quiver velocity and mass variation takes place. Equations for beam width parameter of incident laser and the amplitude of THG have been derived under WKB and paraxial ray approximation, and solved them numerically. It is found that the presence of exponential plasma density ramp results strong self-focusing of laser which further leads to enhance the efficiency of THG. Wiggler magnetic field adds an additional momentum to the photons of third harmonic due to which appreciable gain is observed in the normalized amplitude of THG. Significant enhancement in the THG amplitude has been reported in the presence of exponential density ramp for optimum values of intensity of incident laser, wiggler magnetic field and plasma frequency.
Inducción de resistencia en tomate (Solanum lycopesicum L.) y antagonismo de Trichoderma viride contra Fusarium oxysporum
Authors:  Delgado Morato Luis Demetrio , Bermudez Cardona Maria Bianney 
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo desarrollado en la Universidad del Tolima (Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia), tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del silicio como inductor de resistencia sistémica y el antagonismo de T. viride frente a la marchitez vascular del tomate híbrido Santa Clara (S. lycopersicum L.) causado por F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Se evaluó el efecto inductor del silicio en la respuesta de defensa del tomate sobre parámetros epidemiológicos de la enfermedad y a través de análisis bioquímico se evaluó la actividad de la enzima Polifenoloxidasa (PPO). Se empleó un diseño factorial con ocho tratamientos y 12 réplicas. Se encontró una reducción del 47 % en la severidad foliar en las plantas tratadas con silicio y T. viride respecto a las plantas que no fueron tratadas con silicio. Además, se encontró un incremento en la actividad enzimática de la Polifenoloxidasa (PPO) en las plantas que fueron tratadas con silicio y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 2,29 U/mg de proteína respecto a las que no fueron tratadas con silicio e inoculadas y no inoculadas con T. viride, siendo la media de este tratamiento 0,36 U/mg de proteína.
Interacción genotipo x ambiente en Elaeis guineensis e Híbridos OxG de palma de aceite en Colombia
Authors: Castañeda Garzón Sandra Liliana , Argüelles Cárdenas Jorge Humberto , Hernández David Ricardo , Castro Navarro Olga María 
Published: December 2021

En Colombia, las zonas palmeras presentan condiciones climáticas diferentes que inciden en el desarrollo y en el rendimiento del cultivo. La producción de siete genotipos Ténera (DxP) y de nueve genotipos del híbrido OxG de palma de aceite, se evaluó entre 2015 y 2017 en dos zonas palmeras del país, bajo un diseño en bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y 20 palmas por unidad experimental. Se realizó análisis combinado de covarianza para los genotipos Ténera y OxG, considerando como covariable el número de palmas por unidad experimental, para establecer el efecto de los genotipos y del ambiente en el rendimiento (kg/parcela) de fruta fresca (RFF). El ambiente y los genotipos se clasificaron mediante análisis de conglomerados y el análisis de estabilidad del rendimiento se estimó por medio del modelo AMMI. En híbridos OxG se observaron diferencias significativas (α <0 .0001) en RFF entre ambientes, entre genotipos y en la interacción genotipo x ambiente (GxA), mientras que en los materiales Ténera las diferencias (α < 0.0001) se presentaron entre ambientes y en la interacción GxA. Se identificó adaptación específica en Ténera T6, T1 y H14 a los ambientes Tu2017B, Li2016A y Li2017A. Se observó adaptación general en Ténera T2 y T3 e híbridos OxG H11 y H15. El rendimiento de racimos de los genotipos T2 y T3 fue 176.2 y 174.1 kg/parcela, mientras que en H15 y H11 fue 274.2 y 264.6 kg/parcela. En genotipos Ténera e híbridos OxG, el rendimiento de RFF fue influenciado por la interacción GxA.
Evaluación de modelos para estimar la erosividad de la lluvia en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Calero Mosquera Daniela , Martínez López Carolina , Menjívar Flores Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2021

La erosividad de la lluvia (R) es uno de los factores incluidos en la Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo (USLE) y se define como la capacidad potencial de la lluvia para erosionar los suelos, cuyo conocimiento es fundamental en la planificación del uso y manejo de los mismos. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron dos métodos (USLE-EI30 y EI30cor) para determinar el factor R en los principales municipios productores de piña del Valle del Cauca, además, se analizaron los índices de Fournier (IF) y Modificado de Fournier (IMF); para esto, se utilizaron los registros de precipitación de 12 estaciones pluviográficas, pluviométricas y climatológicas pertenecientes al área de estudio, durante los años 2015-2019, teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad de los datos. Se encontró que el 66 % de las precipitaciones anuales y el 69 % de los eventos erosivos se presentan en los meses de marzo a mayo y septiembre a noviembre, respondiendo al régimen bimodal. Respecto al factor USLE-EI30, se encontraron valores entre 636.7 y 4384.0 MJ.mm.ha-1, mientras que con el EI30cor los valores oscilaron entre 2850.5 y 11110.7 MJ.mm.ha-1. El análisis de la regresión lineal entre los índices de erosividad y la precipitación media anual evidenció un R2 mayor para el caso del IMF (0.976). Finalmente, el USLE-EI30 se correlacionó significativamente con el IMF anual (R2 = 0.89), generando el modelo ajustado (EI30 = 20.979 (IFM) - 389.04; r = 0.95); además, se evidenció que más del 70 % del área de estudio presenta erosividad muy baja (1000 - 2500 MJ.mm.ha-1).
PROGRAM AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING UNTUK MEREDUKSI PERILAKU DISTRUPTIF PADA ANAK
Authors: Rahman Tuti Alawiyah , Ningrum Devy Sekar Ayu 
Published: December 2021

AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi programauthoritative parenting kepada orang tua di SD X kota Cimahi. Pelaksanaan program authoritatif parenting dalam rentang waktu September 2020 s/d Oktober 2020. Kegiatan program ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Tahap pelaksanaan dengan menggunakan teknik ceramah, diskusi, dan pendampingan serta tahap evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil angket respon orang tua yang diberikan sebelum dan setelah diberikan program authoritative parenting menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman dan penggunaan authoritative parenting sebesar 57,3%. Sedangkan pada angket respon orang tua sebelum dan setelah diberikan materi mengenai perilaku distruptif pada anak menunjukkan adanya penurunan atau mereduksi perilaku distruptif pada anak sebesar 30%. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pengabdian ini cukup baik dan efektif. Abstract This article aims to describe the implementation of authoritative parenting training for parents at SD X of Cimahi. The authoritative parenting training held from September to October 2020. This training activity consists of three stages, namely the planning, implementation and evaluation stage. The implementation stage using lecture, discussion, and mentoring techniques. Based on questionnaire result on authoritative parenting given to parent before and after the training, it showed an increase in understanding and use of authoritative parenting by 57.3%. Whereas in the parents’ responses questionnaire on distracting behavior in children, it shows that there is a decrease or reduce distracting behavior in children by 30%. It can be concluded that authoritative parenting training given to parent is quite good and effective in reducing children disruptive behaviour.
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN TERKAIT REGULASI PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DARI KEKERASAN DAN NARKOTIKA MELALUI SOSIALISASI DI DESA BUKIT RANAH KECAMATAN KAMPAR
Authors: Wiarti July , Akrial Zul , Fudika Moza Dela 
Published: December 2021

Abstrak Tingkat kasus tindak pidana kekerasan terhadap anak dan penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh anak masih berada pada posisi yang mengkhawatirkan. Salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana tersebut adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi. Sehingga masyarakat dalam hal ini Desa Bukit Ranah bisa lebih memahami terkait larangan kekerasan terhadap anak dan larangan penggunaan narkotika. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi yakni menjelaskan regulasi terkait tindak pidana tersebut dan diakhiri dengan tanya jawab dan diskusi. Setelah melakukan sosialisasi, pengetahuan masyarakat terkait tindak pidana tersebut menjadi lebih baik. AbstractThe level of crime against children and narcotics services by children is still in a frightening position. One of the efforts that can be made to prevent this crime is by conducting the socialization. So that the community, of Bukit Ranah Village, can better understand the prohibition of violence against children and the use of narcotics. The method is by explaining the regulations related to the crime and ending with a discussion. After conducting the socialization, the public's knowledge regarding the crime became better.
School Education for the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North: Between Cultural Preservation and Educational Quality
Authors: Vasileva Olga , Okhlopkov Vasilii 
Published: December 2021

Today, many ethnic minorities belong to the so-called “culture of poverty”, and education can be a major vehicle of upward social mobility for such groups. This article explores the characteristics of school education in the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) of Russia, the educational trajectories pursued by indigenous youths, and how their preferences are influenced by national education policy and the ethnic component of education. Data from a sociological survey of youth in areas of compact settlement of the indigenous peoples of the North and Unified State Exam (USE) scores served as the empirical basis of this study. Analysis of indigenous education policy documents allows making an inference that, even though the problems of teaching indigenous languages and setting up nomadic schools have been widely discussed, approaches to solving them are rather formalistic. At the same time, little attention is paid to problems experienced by stationary schools located in areas of compact settlement of the indigenous peoples of the North, which has negative effects on children’s starting opportunities and the development of their educational strategies. Interest in higher education has been noticeably decreasing among young people aged under 19, and educational inequality in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) has been exacerbated by the COVID‑19 pandemic. For the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, social mobility opportunities hinge upon Internet access, so low levels of education digitalization in localities inhabited by indigenous peoples (compared to regional and national levels) predict a negative scenario for social wellbeing of this category of population.
СВОЙСТВО ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА ВПИСЫВАТЬСЯ В ОБЩУЮ СИСТЕМУ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ В ЕАЭС
Authors: Тюнин Михаил Васильевич 
Published: December 2021

В статье проанализированы вопросы, связанные с удивительным свойством искусственного интеллекта создавать собственные объекты интеллектуальной собственности в автономном режиме вне зависимости от деятельности человека. Выдвинуто предположение о том, что в связи с огромным преимуществом в скорости обработки и анализа имеющейся информации появляется возможность прогнозировать тенденции развития инноваций, способов и методов их использования. Рассмотрены перспективы правового регулирования деятельности искусственного интеллекта в целях недопущения потенциальных нарушений исключительных прав и установленных механизмов выплаты компенсации за их использование.
ИСПОЛНЕНИЯ И ФОНОГРАММЫ В ЦИФРОВОМ ФОРМАТЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРАВОПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Authors: БУЗОВА Наталья Владимировна 
Published: December 2021

Технологические и социальные преобразования в обществе способствуют активному применению информационно-телекоммуникационных сетей в различных сферах жизнедеятельности человека. Объекты интеллектуальной собственности доводятся до всеобщего сведения в различных в онлайн-сервисах и на других информационных ресурсах. Цифровая среда становится площадкой для общения и развлечения пользователей, а также для ведения бизнеса правообладателями. В процессе правоприменения выявляются неопределенности, связанные с идентификацией правообладателей исполнений и фонограмм, которые обусловлены особенностями указанных объектов интеллектуальной собственности. В гражданском обороте могут одновременно использоваться несколько похожих фонограмм с записанными на них исполнениями, права на которые принадлежат разным правообладателям. В отдельных случаях сложно доказать, что именно фонограмма определенного правообладателя неправомерно используется в информационно-телекоммуникационной сети. Целью настоящей статьи является не только выявление проблемных аспектов, связанных с использованием исполнений и фонограмм в цифровом формате, но и определение возможных направлений развития технологии, способствующей идентификации объектов авторского права и смежных прав, в том числе при правоприменении. В статье проанализировано российское и зарубежное законодательство в области авторского права и смежных прав. В качестве возможных направлений развития процедуры идентификации рассмотрено применение технологии блокчейн, предварительной регистрации объектов авторского права и смежных прав до подачи заявления о защите нарушенных прав в судебные органы, а также совершенствование алгоритма размещения охраняемых результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в информационно-телекоммуникационных сетях (в частности, указание большего количества идентификаторов при загрузке фонограмм в информационные ресурсы, что могло бы облегчить задачу правоприменения).
Making Sense of What We Can’t See: A Visual Retrospective of COVID-19
Authors: Markham Annette N 
Published: December 2021

How do we make sense of the global and granular at the same time? This visual essay explores the relationship of the macro and micro through everyday practices of image making, cropping, and sharing. It asks whether new ways of knowing emerge or if perhaps patterns of sensemaking pre-exist, a psychological or social equivalent to fractals in nature. This becomes relevant when we consider that it is precisely within the mundane details of everyday actions of sensemaking that future structures are born. In wonders about how, in times of global trauma, might these micro practices reinforce or resist existing relations among humans, technologies, and the planet.
(Imagining) Science for Troubled Times: A Mouse, a Bird, and a Threshold for Collaboration
Authors: Carlson Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

Although biological life and human social complexity are fundamentally interdependent, biological and social researchers continue to perceive each other from across divides of theoretical, methodological, and institutional skepticism. This paper considers conversational boundary work between qualitative and quantitative scientists as an institutionalized rhetorical performance which throttles their cooperation, even in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic when it is most urgently needed. As an example, I look at the way familiar epistemological conflicts emerged out of collaboration between myself and a bioscientist during the spring of 2020, when co-participating in the Massive Microscopic Sensemaking Project, a 21-day international auto-ethnographic writing experiment.