bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal invasive temporary percutaneous right ventricular circulatory support after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Natanov Ruslan , Ricklefs Marcel , Madrahimov Nodir , Fleissner Felix , Haverich Axel , Kühn Christian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening situation with high mortality rates. Mechanical unloading of the left ventricle may be achieved via left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Postoperative right ventricular (RV) failure, however, has very limited therapeutic options and is associated with increased postoperative mortality. In this paper, we describe a percutaneous right heart bypass for temporary postoperative RV support.

METHODS
We retrospectively examined all patients receiving percutaneous RV mechanical support after LVAD implantation. All patients receiving trans-jugular mechanical right heart bypass during or after LVAD implantation in our tertiary medical centre between November 2014 and December 2019 were examined retrospectively. The venous draining cannula was placed in the femoral vein; the pulmonary cannula was placed in the pulmonary artery using fluoroscopy.

RESULTS
In total, 14 patients received RV support using the trans-jugular technique. Mean age was 48.4 ± 14.9 years. Nine patients were treated with mechanical circulatory support before LVAD implantation. Biventricular support was done in 7 patients. All patients were treated with an Heartware HVAD . Mean postoperative intensive care unit stay was 46.3 ± 32.4 days. Mean right heart bypass support time was 10.6 ± 4.3 days. Twelve patients (86%) could be bridged to RV recovery, RV assist device implantation or heart transplantation.

CONCLUSIONS
Percutaneous RV mechanical support is feasible, safe and shows acceptable outcome. Early implantation of RV support may contribute to successful outcome after LVAD implantation.
Incidences and Determinants of Functional Cure During Entecavir or Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Yeh Ming-Lun , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Buti Maria , Enomoto Masaru , Xie Qing , Trinh Huy , Preda Carmen , Liu Li , Cheung Ka-Shing , Yeo Yee Hui , Hoang Joseph , Huang Chung-Feng , Riveiro-Barciela Mar , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Istratescu Doina , Tsai Pei-Chien , Accarino Elena Vargas , Lee Dong-Hyun , Wu Jia-Ling , Huang Jee Fu , Dai Chia-Yen , Cheung Ramsey , Chuang Wan-Long , Yuen Man-Fung , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun , Yu Ming-Lung , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong-term incidences and baseline determinants of functional cure (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] seroclearance) during entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment are incompletely understood.MethodsThis is an international multicenter cohort study of treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B who started ETV or TDF treatment without baseline cancer. Patients were observed for HBsAg seroclearance until death or loss to follow-up. We calculated the incidences and explored the baseline determinants of HBsAg seroclearance using competing risk regression.ResultsThe analysis included 4769 patients (median age, 50 years; 69.05% male), with a median follow-up of 5.16 years (26 614.47 person-years). HBsAg clearance occurred in 58 patients, yielding a 10-year cumulative incidence of 2.11% (95% confidence interval, 1.54%–2.88%) and an annual rate of 0.22% (.17%–.28%). Baseline predictors included low-level viremia with hepatitis B virus DNA &lt;2000 IU/mL (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% confidence interval, 1.80–5.49]), elevated serum alanine aminotransferase &gt;200 U/L (3.68 [2.07–6.53]), serum bilirubin (1.11 per mg/dL; [1.06–1.17 mg/dL]), and fatty liver (1.84 [1.03–3.29]).ConclusionHBsAg seroclearance rarely occurs in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with ETV or TDF and is associated with low-level viremia, alanine aminotransferase flare, bilirubin level, and fatty liver.Functional cure of hepatitis B virus infection rarely occurred at an average annual rate of 0.22% during first-line oral antiviral treatment, with higher chances observed in patients with low-level viremia, high-level aminotransferase flare, elevation of serum bilirubin, and fatty liver.
Analysis of the Spatial Distribution and Development of Sequential Sampling Plans for Heteropteran-Associated Fruit Injury in Florida Peaches
Authors: Penca Cory , Hodges Amanda C , Leppla Norman C , Cottrell Ted E 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCatfacing and gummosis/sap-type injury associated with a heteropteran pest complex were sampled at five peach orchards in southern Florida during two consecutive growing seasons. Trapping and visual surveys indicate that Euschistus servuis (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) was the dominant heteropteran pest in the study orchards. The spatial arrangement of injury indicated a random distribution, as determined by Taylor’s power law. Spatial analysis by distance indices indicated a random arrangement of fruit injury in a majority of the sample site × date combinations and analysis of local clustering did not provide evidence of patches of fruit injury occurring near orchard borders. The coefficients from Taylor’s power law were used to develop sequential sampling plans based on hypothetical injury thresholds. Sequential sampling plans were compared to a simple random sample of 15 sample units using a simulation approach. The sequential sampling plan was able to achieve equivalent levels of accuracy when compared to the 15-unit fixed sampling plan while reducing the number of sample units required to an average of 7.99. The sequential sampling plans developed in this study are an improvement over simple random sampling; however, further research is needed to determine how to best implement sequential sampling of fruit injury in Florida peach orchards to better inform management decisions.
Changing Psychiatry or Changing Society? The Motion for the Rights of the “Mentally Ill” in Greece, 1980-1990
Authors: Kritsotaki Despo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 1980, the first formal association of mental patients, their relatives, and mental health professionals was founded in Athens, Greece. The Motion for the Rights of the “Mentally Ill” proposed a total restructuring of mental health care and a novel conceptualization of mental illness. On the one hand, it demanded that the mental health system be based on open services, psychotherapy, and on patients’ active participation in all decisions concerning their treatment and life. On the other hand, it conceptualized mental illness as a political issue that concerned all. Thus, the Motion viewed the promotion of the rights of the mentally ill as part of a broader project of cultivating conscious, active, and collective citizenship. This paper traces the Motion’s history during the 1980s, showing that it was shaped by both the socio-political conditions of Greece in the post-dictatorship period, a time of intense politicization, and by the legacy of mental patient activism in the Western world during the 1970s and 1980s. It argues that, although the Motion had a limited long-term impact, it represented the mental patient movement in Greece as it furthered the latter’s main features, most importantly its twofold endeavor to change not only the mental health system and the attitudes towards mental illness, but also society.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Lepidotrigona flavibasis (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) and High Gene Rearrangement in Lepidotrigona Mitogenomes
Authors: Wang Cheng-Ye , Zhao Min , Wang Shi-Jie , Xu Huan-Li , Yang Ye-Meng , Liu Li-Ning , Feng Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We reported the sequence and characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome of an ecologically important stingless bee, Lepidotrigona flavibasis (Hymenoptera: Meliponini), that has suffered serious population declines in recent years. A phylogenetic analysis based on complete mitogenomes indicated that L. flavibasis was first clustered with another Lepidotrigona species (L. terminata) and then joined with the other two Melipona (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) stingless bees (M. scutellaris and M. bicolor), forming a single clade of stingless bees. The stingless bee clade has a closer relationship with bumblebees (Bombus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) than with honeybees (Apis) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Extremely high gene rearrangements involving tRNAs, rRNAs, D-loop regions, and protein-coding genes were observed in the Lepidotrigona mitogenomes, suggesting an overactive evolutionary status in Lepidotrigona species. These mitogenomic organization variations could provide a good system with which to understand the evolutionary history of Meliponini.
The Cryo-EM Effect: Structural Biology of Neurodegenerative Disease Aggregates
Authors: Creekmore Benjamin C , Chang Yi-Wei , Lee Edward B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neurogenerative diseases are characterized by diverse protein aggregates with a variety of microscopic morphologic features. Although ultrastructural studies of human neurodegenerative disease tissues have been conducted since the 1960s, only recently have near-atomic resolution structures of neurodegenerative disease aggregates been described. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography have provided near-atomic resolution information about in vitro aggregates but pose logistical challenges to resolving the structure of aggregates derived from human tissues. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have provided the means for near-atomic resolution structures of tau, amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and transactive response element DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) aggregates from a variety of diseases. Importantly, in vitro aggregate structures do not recapitulate ex vivo aggregate structures. Ex vivo tau aggregate structures indicate individual tauopathies have a consistent aggregate structure unique from other tauopathies. α-syn structures show that even within a disease, aggregate heterogeneity may correlate to disease course. Ex vivo structures have also provided insight into how posttranslational modifications may relate to aggregate structure. Though there is less cryo-EM data for human tissue-derived TDP-43 and Aβ, initial structural studies provide a basis for future endeavors. This review highlights structural variations across neurodegenerative diseases and reveals fundamental differences between experimental systems and human tissue derived protein inclusions.
The Logic of Secular Sense in Cendrars’ Epic Trilogy
Authors: Whistler Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Engaging with Graham Ward’s contention that literature can never be entirely secular, I argue that some pieces of literature can, in fact, tell us a great deal about the conceptual logic of the secular. I turn, in particular, to three poems by Blaise Cendrars—Les Pâques à New York, Prose du Transsibérien et de la petite Jeanne de France, and Le Panama ou les aventures de mes sept oncles, written during the years of 1912 and 1914, so as to reconstruct the ways in which the poems themselves are entangled in a dispute over the very possibility of a purified secular plane. That is, Cendrars’ trilogy dramatises both the attempt to write secularly and the difficulty—even impossibility—of accomplishing precisely that task. Hence, I offer a reading of the journey traversed in Cendrars’ early trilogy that focuses on the desacralising movement at work in this journey, as well as the various resistances such movement encounters. On the one hand, the three poems tend towards a becoming-secular of poetry: the Christian regime of sense in Pâques is quickly replaced by a series of ‘any-spaces-whatsoever’ where secular figures are perpetually produced. On the other hand, this secular hero-narrative ends in tragedy, such that the poetic text ends up being figured as a utopia, an impossible space that offers compensation for the impossibility of performing secularity in life.
Resurrection of Ancestral Malate Dehydrogenases Reveals the Evolutionary History of Halobacterial Proteins: Deciphering Gene Trajectories and Changes in Biochemical Properties
Authors: Blanquart Samuel , Groussin Mathieu , Le Roy Aline , Szöllosi Gergely J , Girard Eric , Franzetti Bruno , Gouy Manolo , Madern Dominique 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtreme halophilic Archaea thrive in high salt, where, through proteomic adaptation, they cope with the strong osmolarity and extreme ionic conditions of their environment. In spite of wide fundamental interest, however, studies providing insights into this adaptation are scarce, because of practical difficulties inherent to the purification and characterization of halophilic enzymes. In this work, we describe the evolutionary history of malate dehydrogenases (MalDH) within Halobacteria (a class of the Euryarchaeota phylum). We resurrected nine ancestors along the inferred halobacterial MalDH phylogeny, including the Last Common Ancestral MalDH of Halobacteria (LCAHa) and compared their biochemical properties with those of five modern halobacterial MalDHs. We monitored the stability of these various MalDHs, their oligomeric states and enzymatic properties, as a function of concentration for different salts in the solvent. We found that a variety of evolutionary processes, such as amino acid replacement, gene duplication, loss of MalDH gene and replacement owing to horizontal transfer resulted in significant differences in solubility, stability and catalytic properties between these enzymes in the three Halobacteriales, Haloferacales, and Natrialbales orders since the LCAHa MalDH. We also showed how a stability trade-off might favor the emergence of new properties during adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Altogether, our results suggest a new view of halophilic protein adaptation in Archaea.
The Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Light Versus Heavier Smokers
Authors: Rahmani Noreen , Veldhuizen Scott , Wong Benjamin , Selby Peter , Zawertailo Laurie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of light smoking has increased in North America; however, research on the effectiveness of current treatments in this subpopulation of smokers is limited. We compared quit outcomes between light (1–10 cigarettes per day [CPD]) versus heavier smokers (&gt;10 CPD) enrolled in a treatment program at their primary care clinic.

Aims and Methods
This secondary analysis analyzed 45 087 participants (light smokers [n = 9861]; heavier smokers [n = 35 226]) enrolled in a smoking cessation program between April 2016 and March 2020. The program offered cost-free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) plus in-person counseling. Type, dose, and duration of NRT treatment were personalized. Data were collected at baseline, and at 6 months following enrollment to assess 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA), the primary outcome variable of interest. Logistic regression models were used for analyses.

Results
Seven-day PPA at 6 months was significantly higher among light smokers (30.6%) than heavier smokers (26.0%; odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.18–1.33, p &lt; .001). Heavier smokers were prescribed more weeks of NRT than light smokers (B = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.64–1.0, p &lt; .001). The association between smoking cessation and daily NRT dose did not differ between groups (p = .98). However, a stronger positive relationship between the number of clinic visits attended and 7-day PPA was found among heavier smokers in comparison to light smokers (p &lt; .001). All findings remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of scientific literature on the effectiveness of NRT for light smokers. Our findings suggest that individualized doses of NRT may be helpful in these subpopulations, and highlight the different treatment needs of light smokers.

Implications
Current clinical guidelines do not provide formal recommendations for light smokers who want to quit smoking. Similar to heavy smokers, light smokers are at substantial risk for many adverse health problems. As such, it is important to understand what treatment options are effective in assisting light smokers to quit smoking. Findings from this study support the use of personalized treatment for all smokers who are interested in quitting smoking, including light smokers.
Vulnerability, Disability, and Public Health Crises
Authors: Riddle Christopher A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article suggests that those individuals typically acknowledged as vulnerable during public health crises, such as pandemics, are often-times doubly so. I suggest that individuals can be vulnerable in a person-affecting way (in a way that suggests they are at greater risk to their physical person) as well as in a personhood-affecting way (in a manner that results in individuals being at risk of having their personhood or status as valuable members of a society challenged). I suggest that the former notion of vulnerability coincides with many existing accounts of vulnerability and that subsequently, many of the more standard arguments for moral and justice-based obligations to minimize such vulnerability, hold. I also suggest that the latter notion of vulnerability adds another layer of vulnerability to those that we typically view to be at risk. I argue that personhood-vulnerability constitutes a novel interpretation of vulnerability than expands our ideas of the kinds of harm that emerge during public health crises.
Perinatal mental health in India: protocol for a validation and cohort study
Authors: Fellmeth G , Kishore M T , Verma A , Desai G , Bharti O , Kanwar P , Singh S , Thippeswamy H , Chandra P S , Kurinczuk J J , Nair M , Alderdice F 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Common mental disorders (CMD) are among the largest contributors to global maternal morbidity and mortality. Although research on perinatal mental health in India has grown in recent years, important evidence gaps remain, especially regarding CMD. Our study aims to improve understanding of CMD among perinatal and non-perinatal women of reproductive age across two settings in India: Bangalore (Karnataka) and Tanda (Himachal Pradesh).

Methods
The study is embedded within the Maternal and Perinatal Health Research Collaboration India (MaatHRI). This mixed-methods observational study comprises three consecutive phases: (i) focus group discussions and individual interviews to explore women’s knowledge and seek feedback on CMD screening tools; (ii) validation of CMD screening tools; and (iii) prospective cohort study to identify CMD incidence, prevalence and risk factors among perinatal and non-perinatal women. Results of the three phases will be analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, psychometric analysis and multivariable regression analysis, respectively.

Conclusion
Improving understanding, detection and management of CMD among women is key to improving women’s health and promoting gender equality. This study will provide evidence of CMD screening tools for perinatal and non-perinatal women in two diverse Indian settings, produce data on CMD prevalence, incidence and risk factors and enhance understanding of the specific contribution of the perinatal state to CMD.
Looking for evidence of research impact and use: A qualitative study of an Australian research-policy system
Authors: Newson Robyn S , Rychetnik Lucie , King Lesley , Milat Andrew J , Bauman Adrian E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Current assessments of research impact have been criticized for capturing what can be easily counted not what actually counts. To empirically examine this issue, we approached measuring research impact from two directions, tracing forwards from research and backwards from policy, within a defined research-policy system (childhood obesity prevention research and policy in New South Wales, Australia from 2000 to 2015). The forward tracing research impact assessment component traced a sample of 148 local research projects forward to examine their policy impacts. Of the projects considered, 16% had an impact on local policy and for a further 19%, decision-makers were aware of the research, but there was no evidence it influenced policy decisions. The backward tracing component of the study included an analysis of research use across three policy initiatives. It provided a more nuanced understanding of the relative influence of research on policy. Both direct uses of specific research and indirect uses of research incorporated as broader bodies of knowledge were evident. Measuring research impact from both directions captured the diverse ways that research was used in decision-making. Our findings illustrate complexities in the assessment process and in real-life policymaking trajectories. They highlight the role that timing of assessment plays in perception of impacts and difficulties attributing longer-term impacts to specific research. This study supports the use of models where politics and complex system dynamics shape knowledge and its influence on decision-making, rather than research being the primary driver for policy change.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT’S RADIATION EXPOSURES RESULTED FROM PET/CT 18F-FCH AND 68GA-PSMA PROCEDURES
Authors: Salah H , Al-Mohammed H I , Mayhoub F H , Sulieman A , Alkhorayef M , Abolaban Fouad A , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Bradley D A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study has sought to evaluate patient exposures during the course of particular diagnostic positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) techniques. A total of 73 patients were examined using two types of radiopharmaceutical: 18F-fluorocholine (FCH, 48 patients) and 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, 25 patients). The mean and range of administered activity (AA) in MBq, and effective dose (mSv) for FCH were 314.4 ± 61.6 (462.5–216.8) and 5.9 ± 1.2 (8.8–4.11), respectively. Quoted in the same set of units, the mean and range of AA and effective dose for 68Ga-PSMA were 179.3 ± 92.3 (603.1–115.1) and 17.9 ± 9.2 (60.3–11.5). Patient effective doses from 18F-FCH being a factor of two greater than the dose resulting from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT procedures. CT accounts for some 84 and 23% for 18F-FCH and 68Ga-PSMA procedures, accordingly CT acquisition parameter optimization is recommended. Patient doses have been found to be slightly greater than previous studies.