bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi‐decadal periodicities in growth and production of the copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus in Lake Biwa, Japan, related to the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Liu Xin , Dur Gaël , Ban Syuhei , Sakai Yoichiro , Ohmae Shinsuke , Morita Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCopepods are important secondary producers that support higher trophic levels in aquatic food webs. Large‐scale climate events such as climate oscillations and global warming force on physical and chemical conditions in aquatic ecosystems might regulate copepod production through physiological and biochemical processes. We evaluated how large climatic and anthropogenic events impacted secondary production of copepods in Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan. We determined demographic traits such as body size, growth rate, biomass and production of the dominant copepod Eodiaptomus japonicus in this lake over four decades (1971–2010). To evaluate in situ food conditions and estimate growth and production for this omnivorous species, we firstly defined a size‐based food index (f), that is the ratio of in situ body size to ideal body size in adult females. Values of f were mostly < 1 even during eutrophication (1970s to the early 1980s), suggesting that this copepod continuously suffered from a food shortage in this lake. Quasi‐decadal periodicities were detected in f, growth and production (but not biomass) for this copepod throughout the study period. These periodicities were correlated with the Arctic Oscillation, implying that long‐term trends in climate could regulate copepod food availability and production. This correlation weakened after 1990, which might be due to a regime shift in lake water temperature, which increased abruptly in the mid‐1980s. Global warming might now be disrupting historical quasi‐decadal periodicity in growth and production of copepods in Lake Biwa.
Evaluating the precariousness of coral recovery when coral and macroalgae are alternative basins of attraction
Authors: Schmitt Russell J. , Holbrook Sally J. , Brooks Andrew J. , Adam Thomas C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen coral and macroalgae are alternative attractors, the trajectory of the benthic community following a major disturbance is shaped in part by whether herbivores keep macroalgae suppressed, leaving reef surfaces in a state suitable for coral colonization. Because macroalgae tend to colonize much faster than coral, an important issue is how close ambient herbivory is to the level where control of macroalgae is lost, that is, the precariousness of the coral‐invasible state relative to the switch‐point to macroalgae. In Moorea, French Polynesia, reefs dominated by the macroalga Turbinaria ornata remained so for multiple population turnovers, whereas reefs where Turbinaria was removed by a simulated pulse disturbance remained free of macroalgae throughout the 5‐yr study. A field experiment revealed that macroalgae was unable to proliferate on disturbed reefs until ambient herbivory was reduced by more than 50%. Low precariousness of the coral‐invasible state facilitated a gradual transition to a coral community because it allowed sufficient time for coral to repopulate. Accumulation of coral on disturbed reefs was 3.5 times greater than on undisturbed, Turbinaria‐dominated reefs. Long‐term persistence of the coral‐invasible state was facilitated by high abundances of grazing herbivores that prevent the establishment of macroalgae, whereas persistence of the Turbinaria‐dominated state reflected the scarcity of browsing herbivores that consume mature macroalgae. By revealing processes that foster bistability of coral and macroalgae states, our work helps explain the rich dynamical behavior exhibited by coral reef communities in Moorea and elsewhere.
Single‐species acute lethal toxicity tests are not predictive of relative population and community effects of two salinity types
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , Hyne Ross V. , Brooks Andrew J. , Bray Jonathan P. , Shenton Mark , Hills Kasey , Nichols Susan J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman‐mediated salinity increases are occurring in freshwaters globally, with consequent negative effects on freshwater biodiversity. Salinity comprises multiple anions and cations. While total concentrations are typically used to infer effects, individual ion concentrations and ion ratios are critical in determining effects. Moreover, estimates of toxicity from single‐species laboratory tests, may not accurately predict relative effects on populations and communities. Here, we compared salinity increases from synthetic marine salts and sodium bicarbonate in an outdoor mesocosm experiment in southeastern Australia. We found different effects of salt types on stream macroinvertebrates at the population and community levels, where similar effects were predicted from single‐species laboratory tests. Our results caution against the use of single‐species laboratory‐derived toxicological data to predict both environmentally safe salinity levels and the relative effects of different salt sources on freshwater biodiversity.
3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits
Authors: Lv Xiaojie , Wang Jingjing , Ding Danning , Liang Jiaojiao , Zhao Zhongzheng , Liang Yuan , Zhang Zhenfei , Ye Chunlin , Chen Yuwei , Wei Peng , Wang Yanping , He Yong , Xia Yumin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP‐MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP‐MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA‐co‐MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA‐co‐MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling‐shrinking properties of PAA‐co‐MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA‐co‐MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure‐sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.
FLASH radiotherapy with photon beams
Authors: Montay‐Gruel Pierre , Corde Stéphanie , Laissue Jean A , Bazalova‐Carter Magdalena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltra‐high‐dose rate “FLASH” radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) has been shown to drastically reduce normal tissue toxicities while being as efficacious as conventional dose rate radiotherapy to treat tumors. A large number of preclinical studies describing this so‐called FLASH effect have led to the clinical translation of FLASH‐RT using ultra‐high‐dose rate electron and proton beams. Although the vast majority of radiation therapy treatments are delivered using X‐rays, few preclinical data using ultra‐high‐dose rate X‐ray irradiation have been published. This review focuses on different methods that can be used to generate ultra‐high‐dose rate X‐rays and their beam characteristics along with their effect on the biological tissues and the perspectives for the development of FLASH‐RT with X‐rays.
A faster algorithm for the constrained minimum covering circle problem to expedite solving p‐center problems in an irregularly shaped area with holes
Authors: Liu Yanchao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces several means to expedite a known Voronoi heuristic method for solving a continuous p‐center location problem, which is to cover a polygon with p circles such that no circle's center lies outside the polygon, no circle's center drops inside a polygonal hole, and the radius of the largest circle is as small as possible. A key step in the Voronoi heuristic is the repeated task of determining the constrained minimum covering circle (CMCC), but the best‐known method for this task is brute‐force and inefficient. This paper develops an improved method by exploiting the convexity of a related subproblem and employing an optimized search procedure. The algorithmic enhancements help to drastically reduce the effort required for finding the CMCC, and in turn, significantly expedite the solution of the p‐center problem. On a realistic‐scale test case, the proposed algorithm ran 400× faster than the literature benchmark.
Safety and impact of peripheral parenteral nutrition on nutrient delivery in patients with nutrition risk: A prospective observational study
Authors: Rubino Maria , Jin Jennifer , Gramlich Leah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is common in hospitalized patients and strategies to improve energy and protein intake have a positive impact on outcome. Despite early evidence suggesting the usefulness of peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN), its adoption has been hampered by concerns regarding safety and efficacy. This study addresses this issue.MethodsThis prospective observational study was performed in medical and surgical inpatients in who were screened for nutrition risk and assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Data captured included nutrition status, energy and protein requirements, intravenous access, indications for PPN, use of supplemental micronutrients, and disposition of patients on PPN.ResultsNinety‐eight patients were recruited from two centers over 8 months. The average age was 61.5 years, the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 4.21 (±3.09), 52% were male, and 48% were admitted to medicine, whereas 52% were admitted to surgery. Thirty‐three percent of patients were SGA C, 44% were SGA B, and 19% were SGA A. Twenty‐seven percent of patients had cancer. The average length of hospital stay was 22 days. The main indications for PPN were gastrointestinal tract dysfunction (72%) and postsurgical status (16%). PPN provided an average of 1296 kcal (±191) and 46 g of protein (±7). Intravenous access complications in patients receiving PPN did not occur in excess of expected. Almost 40% of patients required transition to central PN.ConclusionsPPN is a safe, effective way to deliver supplemental protein, energy, and micronutrients to malnourished patients and supports transition to other modes of nutrition care.
CD19 expression in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia pre‐ and post‐treatment with blinatumomab
Authors: Mejstrikova Ester , Klinger Matthias , Markovic Ana , Zugmaier Gerhard , Locatelli Franco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBlinatumomab is a BiTE® (bispecific T‐cell engager) immuno‐oncology therapy, which has demonstrated significant activity in patients with relapsed or refractory B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B‐ALL); however, a subset of patients relapse. Monitoring expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)19 in relapsed patients is critical to inform sequencing of subsequent therapies. The expression of CD19 in 59 pediatric patients with R/R B‐ALL was analyzed on the day of diagnosis of R/R B‐ALL and on days 15 and 29 of cycle 1 of blinatumomab. Most patients treated with one cycle of blinatumomab retained expression of CD19, and would therefore be eligible for subsequent anti‐CD19 CAR T‐cell therapy.
Pediatric cancer care in Africa: SIOP Global Mapping Program report on economic and population indicators
Authors: Geel Jennifer Ann , Challinor Julia , Ranasinghe Neil , Myezo Khumo Hope , Eyal Katherine Claire , Aderounmu Wuraole , Davidson Alan , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Howard Scott C. , Bouffet Eric , Hessissen Laila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionInalignment with the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC), the International Society of Pediatric Oncology initiated a program to map global pediatric oncology services. As survival rates in Africa are low and data are scant, this continent was mapped first to identify areas with greatest need.MethodsBeginning November 2018, an electronic survey was sent to all known stakeholders, followed by email communications and internet searches to verify data. Availability of pediatric oncologists, chemotherapy, surgical expertise, and radiotherapy was correlated with geographic region, World Bank income status, Universal Health Coverage, population < 15 and < 24 years, percentage of gross domestic product spent on healthcare, and Human Development Index (HDI).ResultsResponses were received from 48/54 African countries. All three treatment modalities were reportedly available in 9/48 countries, whereas seven countries reported no pediatric oncology services. Negative correlations were detected between provision of all three services and geographic region (P = 0.01), younger median population age (P = 0.002), low‐income country status (P = 0.045), and lower HDI (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive overview of pediatric oncology care in Africa, emphasizing marked disparities between countries: some have highly specialized services, whereas others have no services. A long‐term strategy to eliminate disparities in African pediatric cancer care should be aligned with the WHO GICC aims and facilitated by SIOP Africa.Meeting abstractsSIOP maps pediatric oncology services in Africa to address inequalities in childhood cancer services. Geel J, Ranasinghe N, Davidson A, Challinor J, Howard S, Wollaert S, Myezo K, Renner L, Hessissen L, Bouffet E. 51st Annual Congress of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP), Lyon, France, October 2019. Pediatric Blood and Cancer Vol 66 S219‐S219. Pediatric cancer care in Africa: SIOP Global Mapping Program report on economic and population indicators.
All‐cis poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)s with high molar masses and fast photoisomerization rates obtained through stereoretentive ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of [2,2]paracyclophane dienes with various aryl substituents
Authors: Hsu Ting‐Wei , Kempel Samuel J. , Michaudel Quentin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoly(p‐phenylene vinylene)s (PPVs) are some of the most widely studied conjugated polymers in academia and industry, but most production methods lack precise control over molar masses and alkene stereochemistry. These critical parameters have a large influence on processability, polymer morphology, and optical properties. Herein, we report the stereoretentive ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of [2.2]paracyclophane dienes bearing either a linear alkyl substituent or a branched alkoxy substituent to form all‐cis PPVs with great solubility in organic solvents. The introduction of 2‐ethylhexyloxy side‐chains permits the preparation of PPV with uncharacteristically high molar masses (up to 108.8 kg/mol) for a polymerization with living characteristics. Exposure to UV light (365 nm) rapidly induces isomerization of all‐cis alkenes leading to the formation of all‐trans PPV. This study proposes an attractive strategy to synthesize soluble all‐cis and all‐trans PPVs with tunable, high molar masses through careful design of the ROMP monomer.
Cancer worry after facial nonmelanoma skin cancer resection and reconstruction: A 1‐year prospective study
Authors: van Hensbergen Lucy J. , Veldhuizen Inge J. , Lee Erica H. , Houterman Saskia , Brinkhuizen Tjinta , van der Hulst René R. W. J. , Hoogbergen Maarten M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveNonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world, with the number of new occurrences rising every year. Most patients with facial skin cancer experience cancer‐related worry. Yet, little is known about their worry during the period after cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the long‐term change of cancer worry after surgical treatment in patients with NMSC.MethodsPatients undergoing surgery for facial NMSC between December 2017 and March 2020 were asked to complete the FACE‐Q Skin Cancer—Cancer Worry scale before (baseline), 3‐month, and 1‐year post‐surgery.ResultsA total of 151 patients completed the baseline and 3‐month, and 99 (65.6%) the 1‐year post‐operative survey. A significant decrease in cancer worry score was seen between baseline and 3‐month post‐surgery (p < 0.001). No difference was found between the 3‐month and 1‐year post‐surgery scores (p = 0.78). Less improvement in cancer worry was seen for patients who had one facial skin cancer in their medical history (p = 0.001) and patients who had a history of facial surgery (p < 0.001).ConclusionPost‐surgery patients still experience cancer worry. Therefore, targeted counseling might be of value when coping with cancer‐related concerns. Patients with a history of facial NMSC and patients with a history of facial surgery might benefit from additional counseling.
Adaptive event‐triggered control for MIMO nonlinear systems with asymmetric state constraints based on unified barrier functions
Authors: Wang Sanxia , Xia Jianwei , Park Ju H. , Shen Hao , Chen Guoliang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe topic of adaptive event‐triggered control for multi‐input‐multi‐output nonlinear systems with asymmetric state constraints is considered in this article. First, by introducing unified barrier functions method, the initial system is transformed to a non‐constraints system, which brings that the requirement of feasibility conditions could be eliminated and the constraint functions could be relaxed effectively. Then, an adaptive tracking controller is designed by combining some excellent technology, where command filter is utilized to overcome the explosion of complexity, neural network is introduced to approximate unknown nonlinear function, and event‐triggered mechanism is proposed to save communication resources. The designed control scheme can make the outputs of the system to track the target trajectories within a small bounded error range, all signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded, and all states do not escape the state constraints. Finally, practical and comparative examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the method.
Changes in the use of psychotropic drugs during the course of Alzheimer's disease: A large‐scale longitudinal study of French medical records
Authors: Ansart Manon , Epelbaum Stéphane , Houot Marion , Nedelec Thomas , Lekens Béranger , Gantzer Laurène , Dormont Didier , Durrleman Stanley 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to understand how patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are treated by identifying in a longitudinal fashion the late‐life changes in patients’ medical history that precede and follow AD diagnosis.MethodsWe use prescription history of 34,782 patients followed between 1996 and 2019 by French general practitioners. We compare patients with an AD diagnosis, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients free of mental disorders. We use a generalized mixed‐effects model to study the longitudinal changes in the prescription of eight drug types for a period 15 years before diagnosis and 10 years after.ResultsIn the decades preceding diagnosis, we find that future AD patients are treated significantly more than MCI patients with most psychotropic drugs and that most studied drugs are increasingly prescribed with age. At the time of diagnosis, all psychotropic drugs except benzodiazepines show a significant increase in prescription, while other drugs are significantly less prescribed. In the 10 years after diagnosis, nearly all categories of drugs are less and less prescribed including antidementia drugs.DiscussionPre‐diagnosis differences between future AD patients and MCI patients may indicate that subtle cognitive changes are recognized and treated as psychiatric symptoms. The disclosure of AD diagnosis drastically changes patients’ care, priority being given to the management of psychiatric symptoms. The decrease of all prescriptions in the late stages may reflect treatment discontinuation and simplification of therapeutic procedures. This study therefore provides new insights into the medical practices for management of AD.
Antibacterial activity of γFe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticles on toxic cyanobacteria from a lake in Southern Illinois
Authors: Madany Peerzada , Xia Chunjie , Bhattacharjee Linkon , Khan Nafeesa , Li Ruopu , Liu Jia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFrequent outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have brought adverse impacts on human health, economic viability, and recreational activities in many communities in the United States. Cyanobacteria (or blue‐green algae) blooms are the most common type of HABs in surface water. Current bactericides for controlling the blooms are disadvantageous due to the recycling difficulty. In this study, an innovative magnetic nanomaterial―γFe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle—was used to inactivate toxic cyanobacteria species found in a lake in Southern Illinois that frequently experienced HABs. Cyanotoxin genes of mcy, nda, cyr, and sxt were used for targeting microcystin‐, nodularin‐, cylindrospermopsin‐, and saxitoxin‐producing cyanobacteria, respectively, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. It was found that the concentration of chlorophyll a presents a strong correlation (R2 = 0.6024) with the gene copy obtained from 16S rRNA targeted for all cyanobacteria, but not with that from individual toxigenic cyanobacteria. The inactivation efficiencies of the nanomaterials under visible light were as high as 5‐log and 1‐log for cyanobacteria species containing mcyE/ndaF and sxtA genes, respectively, an improvement over the treatment under darkness. These nanomaterials can be recycled by their magnetic properties for reuse. Communities susceptible to HAB outbreaks are expected to benefit from the developed method for mitigating the blooms.Practitioner points

Lab‐made γFe2O3/TiO2 nanoparticles can be used to inactivate microcystin/nodularin‐ and saxitoxin‐producing cyanobacteria species.
qPCR method can be used for targeting toxic cyanobacteria; Chl a cannot be used as a standalone indicator for HABs.
Better inactivation efficiency under visible light indicated possible application of the technology under sunlight for HAB mitigation from surface water.
Crystal structure re‐determination, spectroscopy, and photoluminescence of π‐YBO3:Eu3+
Authors: Fuchs Birgit , Schröder Franziska , Heymann Gunter , Siegel Renée , Senker Jürgen , Jüstel Thomas , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo unambiguously clarify the long‐debated crystal structure of the low‐temperature orthoborate π‐YBO3, single‐crystals of the europium‐doped π‐YBO3:Eu3+ were prepared via a high‐pressure/high‐temperature route at 7.5 GPa and 1400 °C. The structure was solved and refined in the monoclinic space group C2/c (no. 15) in the pseudowollastonite structure type, with the lattice parameters a=11.3407(5), b=6.5501(3), c=9.5798(4) Å, and β=113.08(2)°. This structure determination was corroborated by powder X‐ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. 11B as well as 89Y MAS NMR spectroscopy was used to verify that our results are also accurate for the undoped π‐YBO3 and samples with varying europium content prepared under ambient pressure conditions. Additionally, the luminescence properties of the Eu3+ doped π‐orthoborate were determined in comparison with these ambient‐pressure samples.
The cubic fixed point at large N
Authors: Binder Damon J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
By considering the renormalization group flow between N coupled Ising models in the UV and the cubic fixed point in the IR, we study the large N behavior of the cubic fixed points in three dimensions. We derive a diagrammatic expansion for the 1/N corrections to correlation functions. Leading large N corrections to conformal dimensions at the cubic fixed point are then evaluated using numeric conformal bootstrap data for the 3d Ising model.