bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Gamez S. , Vesga L. C. , Mendez‐Sanchez S. C. , Akbari O. S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Research Article Spatial control of gene expression in flies using bacterially derived binary transactivation systems by Omar Akbari et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12717.
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A lesson from the wild: The natural state of eosinophils is Ly6Ghi
Authors: Mair Iris , Wolfenden Andrew , Lowe Ann E. , Bennett Alex , Muir Andrew , Smith Hannah , Fenn Jonathan , Bradley Janette E. , Else Kathryn J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith a long history of promoting pathological inflammation, eosinophils are now emerging as important regulatory cells. Yet, findings from controlled laboratory experiments so far lack translation to animals, including humans, in their natural environment. In order to appreciate the breadth of eosinophil phenotype under non‐laboratory, uncontrolled conditions, we exploit a free‐living population of the model organism Mus musculus domesticus. Eosinophils were present at significantly higher proportions in the spleen and bone marrow of wild mice compared with laboratory mice. Strikingly, the majority of eosinophils of wild mice exhibited a unique Ly6Ghi phenotype seldom described in laboratory literature. Ly6G expression correlated with activation status in spleen and bone marrow, but not peritoneal exudate cells, and is therefore likely not an activation marker per se. Intermediate Ly6G expression was transiently induced in a small proportion of eosinophils from C57BL/6 laboratory mice during acute infection with the whipworm Trichuris muris, but not during low‐dose chronic infection, which better represents parasite exposure in the wild. We conclude that the natural state of the eosinophil is not adequately reflected in the standard laboratory mouse, which compromises our attempts to dissect their functional relevance. Our findings emphasize the importance of studying the immune system in its natural context – alongside more mechanistic laboratory experiments – in order to capture the entirety of immune phenotypes and functions.
Human platelet lysate as a replacement for fetal bovine serum in human corneal stromal keratocyte and fibroblast culture
Authors: Seidelmann Nina , Duarte Campos Daniela F. , Rohde Malena , Johnen Sandra , Salla Sabine , Yam Gary Hin‐Fai , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe isolation and propagation of primary human corneal stromal keratocytes (CSK) are crucial for cellular research and corneal tissue engineering. However, this delicate cell type easily transforms into stromal fibroblasts (SF) and scar inducing myofibroblasts (Myo‐SF). Current protocols mainly rely on xenogeneic fetal bovine serum (FBS). Human platelet lysate (hPL) could be a viable, potentially autologous, alternative. We found high cell survival with both supplements in CSK and SF. Cell numbers and Ki67+ ratios increased with higher fractions of hPL and FBS in CSK and SF. We detected a loss in CSK marker expression (Col8A2, ALDH3A1 and LUM) with increasing fractions of FBS and hPL in CSK and SF. The expression of the Myo‐SF marker SMA increased with higher amounts of FBS but decreased with incremental hPL substitution in both cell types, implying an antifibrotic effect of hPL. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the RT‐PCR findings. bFGF and HGF were only found in hPL and could be responsible for suppressing the Myo‐SF conversion. Considering all findings, we propose 0.5% hPL as a suitable substitution in CSK culture, as this xeno‐free component efficiently preserved CSK characteristics, with non‐inferiority in terms of cell viability, cell number and proliferation in comparison to the established 0.5% FBS protocol.
Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for people with type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Ohtake Yoichi , Kataoka Yuki , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Hata Tomokazu , Otonari Jun , Yamane Akira , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsSeveral electronic databases were examined on 16 January 2021, including PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials were included to compare ACT with usual treatment for people with type 2 diabetes reported in any language. Primary outcome measures were glycated hemoglobin, self‐care ability assessed by the summary of diabetes self‐care activities and all adverse events. The secondary outcome measure was acceptance assessed by the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire.ResultsOf 678 publications initially identified, three trials were included in the meta‐analysis. ACT resulted in a reduction in glycated hemoglobin (mean difference −0.62 points lower in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval −1.07 to −0.16; I2 = 0%; low‐quality evidence). In addition, ACT increased the score of the summary of diabetes self‐care activities (mean difference 8.48 points higher in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval 2.16–14.80; high‐quality evidence). Adverse events were not measured in all trials. ACT increased scores of the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (mean difference 5.98 points higher in the intervention group; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–10.54; I2 = 43%; low‐quality evidence).ConclusionsACT might reduce glycated hemoglobin, and increase self‐care ability and acceptance among people with type 2 diabetes.
Heterogeneity in Euro Area Monetary Policy Transmission: Results from a Large Multicountry BVAR Model
Authors: MANDLER MARTIN , SCHARNAGL MICHAEL , VOLZ UTE 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe study cross‐country differences in monetary policy transmission across the largest euro area economies (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) using a large Bayesian vector autoregressive (BVAR) model with endogenous prior selection. Drawing on the posterior distributions of the cross‐country differences in impulse responses and on other tests, we find real output and the money supply to respond more strongly in Germany to monetary policy than in the other countries. Whereas, the price level response is strongest in Spain and weakest in Germany. Longer‐term interest rates react more strongly in Germany and France than in Italy and Spain.
A comparative anatomical and histological study on the presence of an apical splenic nerve in mice and humans
Authors: Cleypool Cindy G.J. , Mackaaij Claire , Verlinde‐Schellekens Suzanne A.M.W. , Bleys Ronald L.A.W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cranial pole of the mouse spleen is considered to be parasympathetically innervated by a macroscopic observable nerve referred to as the apical splenic nerve (ASN). Electrical stimulation of the ASN resulted in increased levels of splenic acetylcholine, decreased lipopolysaccharide‐induced levels of systemic tumor necrosis factor alpha and mitigated clinical symptoms in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. If such a discrete ASN would be present in humans, this structure is of interest as it might represent a relatively easily accessible electrical stimulation target to treat immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. So far, it is unknown if a human ASN equivalent exists. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the location and course of the ASN in mice. Subsequently, this information was used for a guided exploration of an equivalent structure in humans. Microscopic techniques were applied to confirm nerve identity and compare ASN composition.Six mice and six human cadavers were used to study and compare the ASN, both macro‐ and microscopically. Macroscopic morphological characteristics of the ASN in both mice and humans were described and photographs were taken. ASN samples were resected, embedded in paraffin, cut in 5 μm thin sections where after adjacent sections were stained with a general, sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve marker, respectively. Neural identity and nerve fiber composition was then evaluated microscopically.Macroscopically, the ASN could be clearly identified in all mice and was running in the phrenicosplenic ligament connecting the diaphragm and apical pole of the spleen. If a phrenicosplenic ligament was present in humans, a similar configuration of potential neural structures was observed. Since the gastrosplenic ligament was a continuation of the phrenicosplenic ligament, this ligament was explored as well and contained white, potential discrete nerve‐like structures as well which could represent an ANS equivalent. Microscopic evaluation of the ASN in mice and human showed that this structure did not represent a nerve, but most likely connective tissue strains.White nerve‐like structures, which could represent the ASN, were macroscopically observed in the phrenicosplenic ligament in both mice and human and in the gastrosplenic ligament in humans. The microscopic investigation did not confirm their neural identity and therefore, this study disclaims the existence of a parasympathetic ASN in both mice and human.
The neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism
Authors: Taylor Charles , Hall Samuel , Manivannan Susruta , Mundil Nilesh , Border Scott 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a rise in the number of people who are able to speak two or more languages. This has been paralleled by an increase in research related to bilingualism. Despite this, much of the neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism are still subject to discussion. This review aims to evaluate the neuroanatomical structures related to language and to the acquisition of a second language as well as exploring how learning a second language can alter one's susceptibility to and the progression of certain cerebral pathologies. A literature search was conducted on the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A total of 137 articles regarding the neuroanatomical or pathological implications of bilingualism were included for review. Following analysis of the included papers, this review finds that bilingualism induces significant gray and white matter cerebral changes, particularly in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobule and subcortical areas, and that native language and acquired language largely recruit the same neuroanatomical structures with however, subtle functional and anatomical differences dependent on proficiency and age of language acquisition. There is adequate evidence to suggest that bilingualism offsets the symptoms and diagnosis of dementia, and that it is protective against both pathological and age‐related cognitive decline. While many of the neuroanatomical changes are known, more remains to be elucidated and the relationship between bilingualism and other neurological pathologies remains unclear.
Congenital malformation and hemoglobin A1c in the first trimester among Japanese women with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Nakanishi Kentaro , Kanagawa Takeshi , Fujikawa Kei , Ishii Keisuke , Waguri Masako 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the incidence of major congenital malformations in Japanese women with pregestational diabetes, and to determine the cutoff value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the first trimester associated with congenital malformations.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included singleton pregnancies in Japanese women with pregestational diabetes, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and specific types of diabetes due to other causes. The primary outcome was the incidence of major congenital malformations. The secondary outcome was the incidence of all congenital malformations. The cutoff value of HbA1c for congenital malformations was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of major congenital malformations were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThis study enrolled 292 patients, including 132 (45.2%) with type 1 diabetes, 156 (53.4%) with type 2 diabetes, and 4 (1.4%) with other specific types. The incidence rates of major congenital malformations and all congenital malformations were 7.2% (21/292) and 12.7% (37/292), respectively. The cutoff value of HbA1c in the first trimester for major malformations and for all congenital malformations was 6.5%. HbA1c ≥ 6.5% was significantly associated with major malformations (aOR 3.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–12.6; p = 0.018).ConclusionThe incidence of major congenital malformations significantly increased in pregnant Japanese women with HbA1c values of 6.5% or higher. The recommended HbA1c value during the first trimester used in other countries can be applied to pregnant Japanese women.
Intraindividual differences in adolescent threat appraisals and anxiety associated with Interparental conflict
Authors: MacNeill Leigha A. , Fosco Gregory M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined within‐ and between‐person associations among interparental conflict (IPC), threat appraisals, temperament, and anxiety to evaluate how these risk processes unfold at the daily level in adolescence.BackgroundAdolescence is a developmental period of increased risk for anxiety, and exposure to IPC in the home elevates this risk. Specifically, adolescents who perceive IPC as threatening are at particularly high risk for anxiety, yet less is known about how characteristics of the adolescent (temperamental effortful control and dispositional levels of anxiety), as well as characteristics of the family (usual IPC), may temper this risk pathway.MethodThe sample included 151 adolescents and their caregivers who completed baseline surveys and 21 daily surveys. Longitudinal mixed models were used to test within‐ and between‐person associations between IPC and threat appraisals, and threat appraisals and anxious mood, including moderators of effortful control, dispositional anxiety, and usual IPC.ResultsOn days when IPC was higher than usual adolescents perceived more threat, and on days when adolescents perceived more threat they had higher levels of anxious mood. Within‐person links between IPC and threat appraisals were moderated by usual IPC and adolescent dispositional anxiety levels. The within‐person link between situational threat and anxious mood was moderated by dispositional anxiety levels.ConclusionThe results underscore the importance of considering individual differences in within‐person effects of IPC and threat appraisals on adolescent daily anxiety.
Analysis of capsaicin and the perceived spiciness of cabbage kimchi according to different preparation methods
Authors: Chon Seo‐yeong , Kim Mina K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe object of this study was to determine the perceived spiciness of cabbage kimchi according to different preparation methods (leaves, stem, pureed and chopped mixtures of both leaves and stems). Four types of kimchi were selected with different levels of spiciness and capsaicin contents were conducted using HPLC. The degree of perceived spiciness was evaluated on a 15‐point universal scale using the Spectrum method. Time to reach maximum intensity (Tmax) was evaluated based on the time at which the maximum perceived spiciness was achieved for a period up to 30 s after the kimchi had been spat out. The spiciness and time intensity evaluations of kimchi were conducted separately. Measuring the capsaicinoid content of each part of cabbage revealed that the leaves had a higher capsaicinoid content than the stems. The participants recognized different degrees of spiciness depending on the part of the cabbage they tasted: Spiciness intensity of leaves was higher than intensity of stem in all Kimchi samples (p < .05). It was also found that the time to reach maximum intensity of spiciness lengthened as the capsaicinoid content of the kimchi increased, indicating that different part of the cabbage affected the participants' perception of its spiciness.Practical ApplicationsCapsaicin is known for the spicy perception in kimchi. Analysis of spicy perception of kimchi, to this date, was solely dependent on instrumental analysis of capsaicin content in kimchi. This study found the difference in spiciness intensities according to the different presentation method of cabbage kimchi. Differences in perceived spiciness intensities were observed in different part of cabbage, and even between pureed and simple mix, in which composed with same ratio of leaves and stem. Finding from this study may provide the justification of using human sensory panel for rating spiciness intensity of kimchi instead of dependent on instrumental analysis of capsaicin for spiciness evaluation.
The relationship between wasting and stunting in young children: A systematic review
Authors: Thurstans Susan , Sessions Natalie , Dolan Carmel , Sadler Kate , Cichon Bernardette , Isanaka Sheila , Roberfroid Dominique , Stobaugh Heather , Webb Patrick , Khara Tanya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2014, the Emergency Nutrition Network published a report on the relationship between wasting and stunting. We aim to review evidence generated since that review to better understand the implications for improving child nutrition, health and survival. We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines, registered with PROSPERO. We identified search terms that describe wasting and stunting and the relationship between the two. We included studies related to children under five from low‐ and middle‐income countries that assessed both ponderal growth/wasting and linear growth/stunting and the association between the two. We included 45 studies. The review found the peak incidence of both wasting and stunting is between birth and 3 months. There is a strong association between the two conditions whereby episodes of wasting contribute to stunting and, to a lesser extent, stunting leads to wasting. Children with multiple anthropometric deficits, including concurrent stunting and wasting, have the highest risk of near‐term mortality when compared with children with any one deficit alone. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the use of mid‐upper‐arm circumference combined with weight‐for‐ageZscore might effectively identify children at most risk of near‐term mortality. Wasting and stunting, driven by common factors, frequently occur in the same child, either simultaneously or at different moments through their life course. Evidence of a process of accumulation of nutritional deficits and increased risk of mortality over a child's life demonstrates the pressing need for integrated policy, financing and programmatic approaches to the prevention and treatment of child malnutrition.
The genetic basis of floral mechanical isolation between two hummingbird‐pollinated Neotropical understorey herbs
Authors: Kay Kathleen M. , Surget‐Groba Yann 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFloral divergence can contribute to reproductive isolation among plant lineages, and thus provides an opportunity to study the genetics of speciation, including the number, effect size, mode of action and interactions of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Moreover, flowers represent suites of functionally interrelated traits, but it is unclear to what extent the phenotypic integration of the flower is underlain by a shared genetic architecture, which could facilitate or constrain correlated evolution of floral traits. Here, we examine the genetic architecture of floral morphological traits involved in an evolutionary switch from bill to forehead pollen placement between two species of hummingbird‐pollinated Neotropical understorey herbs that are reproductively isolated by these floral differences. For the majority of traits, we find multiple QTL of relatively small effect spread throughout the genome. We also find substantial colocalization and alignment of effects of QTL underlying different floral traits that function together to promote outcrossing and reduce heterospecific pollen transfer. Our results are consistent with adaptive pleiotropy or linkage of many co‐adapted genes, either of which could have facilitated a response to correlated selection and helped to stabilize divergent phenotypes in the face of low levels of hybridization. Moreover, our results indicate that floral mechanical isolation can be consistent with an infinitesimal model of adaptation.
Adaptive approximate Bayesian computation by subset simulation for structural model calibration
Authors: Barros José , Chiachío Manuel , Chiachío Juan , Cabanilla Frank 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper provides a new approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) algorithm with reduced hyper‐parameter scaling and its application to nonlinear structural model calibration problems. The algorithm initially takes the ABC‐SubSim algorithm structure and sequentially estimates the algorithm hyper‐parameter by autonomous adaptation following a Markov chain approach, thus avoiding the error associated to modeler's choice for these hyper‐parameters. The resulting algorithm, named BC‐SubSim, simplifies the application of ABC‐SubSim method for new users while ensuring better measure of accuracy in the posterior distribution and improved computational efficiency. A first numerical application example is provided for illustration purposes and to provide a comparative and sensitivity analysis of the algorithm with respect to initial ABC‐SubSim algorithm. Moreover, the efficiency of the method is demonstrated in two nonlinear structural calibration case studies where the BC‐SubSim is used as a tool to infer structural parameters with quantified uncertainty based on test data. The results confirm the suitability of the method to tackle with a real‐life damage parameter inference and its superiority in relation to the original ABC‐SubSim.
Inactivation of RNase P in Escherichia coli significantly changes post‐transcriptional RNA metabolism
Authors: Mohanty Bijoy K. , Kushner Sidney R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRibonuclease P (RNase P), which is required for the 5'‐end maturation of tRNAs in every organism, has been shown to play a limited role in other aspects of RNA metabolism in Escherichia coli. Using RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), we demonstrate that RNase P inactivation affects the abundances of ~46% of the expressed transcripts in E. coli and provide evidence that its essential function is its ability to generate pre‐tRNAs from polycistronic tRNA transcripts. The RNA‐seq results agreed with the published data and northern blot analyses of 75/83 transcripts (mRNAs, sRNAs, and tRNAs). Changes in transcript abundances in the RNase P mutant also correlated with changes in their half‐lives. Inactivating the stringent response did not alter the rnpA49 phenotype. Most notably, increases in the transcript abundances were observed for all genes in the cysteine regulons, multiple toxin‐antitoxin modules, and sigma S‐controlled genes. Surprisingly, poly(A) polymerase (PAP I) modulated the abundances of ~10% of the transcripts affected by RNase P. A comparison of the transcriptomes of RNase P, RNase E, and RNase III mutants suggests that they affect distinct substrates. Together, our work strongly indicates that RNase P is a major player in all aspects of post‐transcriptional RNA metabolism in E. coli.