bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Measure of Concrete Fragment using ANN to Consider Uncertainties Under Impact Loading
Authors: Kim Kyeongjin , Kim WooSeok , Seo Junwon , Jeong Yoseok , Lee Jaeha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the present study, numerical analysis was performed to predict the amount of concrete fragments generated and the distance travelled by the fragments under impact loading using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH can be used for predicting the amount of fragmentation or the motion of fragmentations. The obtained results of the SPH analysis showed that the amount of fragments and the travel distance can change depending on different velocity-to-mass ratios under same local impact energy. Using the results of the SPH analysis, artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to consider the uncertainty from the prediction of the fragmentations and travel distance. Furthermore, the results of ANN were compared with the results of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MRA). The ANN results showed better correlation coefficient (R2) than the MRA results. Therefore, ANN showed better improvement with consideration of the uncertainty from the prediction of fragmentations and travel distance than the MRA results. Using the constructed ANN, data augmentation was conducted from a limited number of actual data using a statistical distribution method. Finally, the fragility curves of the concrete median barrier were obtained to estimate the probability of occurrence of specific fragmentation amount and travel distance under same impact energy.
Moral distress among nurses working in Covid-19 wards: a cross-sectional study in 2021
Authors: Pooresmaeil Mina , Aghamohammadi Masoumeh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Covid-19 is an emerging disease, which has confronted nurses with new moral distress. This study aims to determine the moral distress and its related factors among nurses working in the covid-19 wards of Ardabil city in Iran.
Methods

This cross-sectional descriptive study evaluated 159 nurses working in the covid-19 wards of Imam Khomeini hospital -as the only hospitalization center for the patients with covid-19 in Ardabil, 2021. The instruments used included a personal-occupational information form and Corley's moral distress scale. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance) in SPSS v22.
Results

The mean and standard deviation of the frequency and intensity of the nurses' moral distress were estimated 52.28 ± 5.24 and 51.54 ± 5.86, respectively, which indicated the moderate level of moral distress in the both dimensions. The item "I hesitate to tell the patient or the patient's family about his condition and treatment" (4.74 ± 0.75) showed the most moral distress based on the intensity and the phrase "too much work reduces the quality of my work” (4.81 ± 0.55) caused the most moral distress in the frequency dimension. The results indicated a significant relationship between the intensity and frequency of moral distress with the type of nurses' employment (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between the nurses’ position and the frequency (P = 0.04), and the nurses’ work experience and the intensity of moral distress (P = 0.02).
Conclusions

It seems that providing the necessary training for how to deal with the moral distress in new waves of the disease and using the experiences of the experienced nurses in this field are essential due to observing the moderate level of moral distress among nurses working in covid-19 wards.
Behavior of the Community’s Older Adults During 12 Months of COVID-19 Social Restriction.
Authors: Vieira Flávio Tavares , Porto Jaqueline Mello , Scudilio Gabriela Martins , Molina Bárbara Soares , Capato Luana Letícia , Bandeira Anne Caroline Lima , Martins Pâmela Precinotto , de Abreu Daniela Cristina Carvalho 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: In a short time, COVID-19 adopted the proportions of a pandemic. Consequently, measures as social distancing were adopted to try to slow down the spread of the disease. The objective of this study was to understand the behavior of the Brazilian older adults during a period of social restriction by Covid-19.METHODS: 61 healthy older adults participated in this study. A questionnaire was applied over 12 months from the beginning of the social restriction recommendations using only telephone contact. The questionnaire included the profile of falls during the evaluation period and 4 questions based on fear and risk of infection by Covid-19, the practice of physical activity and compliance with measures of social restriction. The chi-square test (X2) was used to observe the possible associations between the independent and dependent variables.RESULTS: Most participants were female (90.2%), with mean age of 67 years and secondary education level. 78.7% adopted social restriction measures in the first month while in the last six months 54.1% of the participants complied with restrictive measures. The analysis of the chi-square test showed significant association between the evaluation period and social restriction [X2 (2) = 22.072; p = 0.000] and the risk of being infected [X2 (2) = 17.561; p = 0.000].CONCLUSION: There was a reduction in the number of older adults who complied with social restriction over time and a decrease in the practice of physical exercises in the sample evaluated.
Differences in Moral Reasoning Among Medical Graduates Compared With Graduates of Other Degrees and Adults Without Professional Degrees
Authors: Jean-Tron Maria Guadalupe , Ávila-Montiel Diana , Márquez-González Horacio , Chapa-Koloffon Gina del Carmen , Orozco-Morales José Antonio , Ávila-Hernández Aidee Viridiana , Valdes-Pérez Oscar , Garduño-Espinosa Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background. When we talk about morality, a question arises as to whether it is a natural characteristic of humans—that is, whether it is what people should pursue as individuals or whether it is a social construct. Kohlberg established six progressive stages of moral judgment that form three levels of moral development, showing the development of people’s thinking on moral issues that is characterized by the aforementioned criteria. Methods. This study’s objective was to compare the level of moral reasoning among graduate students in medicine with a group of young graduates from other degrees and a group of non-professional adults.The moral reasoning questionnaire (Defining Issues Test, DIT) designed by James Rest based on Kohlberg’s theory (Rest 1979) was applied. In total, 304 questionnaires were completed. Results. Depending on the population studied, differences have been found in the profile of moral development. The profile of family clinic users showed a very high predominance of subjects in category 1 at 70%, but only 4.5% in category 3, while in the group of pediatric specialty students, 37.5% were found in category 1 and 34% in category 3. They were the group with the highest percentage in this category. This vast difference could be because the differences in the age and socio-education levels of the beneficiaries are much wider than that of the residents. However, differences are also found if the profiles of residents are compared with those of master’s students because the latter comprised 56% in category 1 and 19% in category 3. We also found differences in the profiles of moral development based on the highest education level. Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, the population could be classified into three levels of moral development, the first level being the predominant one and the third the least common, as we expected prior to the study. The reason why some individuals reach the highest level while others do not remains a question to be addressed. The results show us that there is a difference in some populations depending on education level and even the type of degree pursued.
Conceptualising Public Mental Health: Development of a Conceptual Framework For Public Mental Health
Authors: Dykxhoorn Jennifer , Fischer Laura , Bayliss Becca , Brayne Carol , Crosby Liam , Galvin Bobbie , Geijer-Simpson Emma , Jones Oliver , Kaner Eileen , Lafortune Louise , McGrath Michael , Moehring Paula , Osborn David , Petermann Mylene , Remes Olivia , Vadgama Ami , Walters Kate 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Numerous determinants have been linked to public mental health; however they have not been brought together in a comprehensive conceptual framework. The goal of this work was to bring together academic research, practitioner expertise, and public perspectives to create a public mental health conceptual framework. Methods: The development process proceeded in four stages. First, we identified a comprehensive list of potential determinants through a state-of-the-art academic literature review, grey literature review, and created mind maps created by peer researchers. Next, we conducted in-person workshops, consultations, and an online survey with academics, practitioners, policy makers, and members of the public to review the potential determinants, nominate additional determinants, and prioritise determinants by importance for understanding public mental health. This iterative process resulted in the final list of determinants contained in the framework. We then conducted rapid reviews to define each determinant and to identify key research, interventions, and resources. Finally, we worked with a design team to visualise the conceptual framework as an online tool and printable infographic.Results: We found substantial overlap between sources reflecting a shared understanding of the key drivers of public mental health. The unique determinants that emerged from each data source highlighted the importance of using multiple sources to create a comprehensive model. 72 potential determinants were prioritised through stakeholder consultations, resulting in a final list of 55 determinants and organised into four levels: individual, family, community, and structural. Conclusions: This is the most complete conceptual framework for public mental health to date, bringing together academic research, policy and practitioner views, and lived experience perspectives. The co-production processes and tools we used provides a template for researchers looking to include multiple perspectives in their research. The conceptual framework draws together current knowledge on each determinant, but also highlights areas where further research is needed to better understand the relationship between each factor and mental health, which can inform the research agenda. This online tool and infographic can be used by practitioners to identify interventions for promoting mental health, and by the general public as a resource to increase awareness of the broad factors which shape public mental health.
Impact of Prioritizing Elderly and High-risk Individuals During COVID-19 Vaccine Allocation
Authors: Oruc Buse Eylul , Fujimoto Akane , Breiman Robert , Keskinocak Pinar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe prioritization of vaccine eligibility for different subpopulations is an important decision to curb spread and severe outcomes of epidemic infectious diseases for which vaccines become available. Using COVID-19 as a prototype, this study evaluates the public health impact of various vaccine prioritization schemes of elderly and high-risk individuals with different vaccination start dates and rollout speeds. MethodsAn agent-based simulation model was adapted and used to project the number of infections, hospitalizations, and deaths under various vaccination start dates, rollout speeds, and prioritization schemes, including (A)no prioritization, (B)two-staged prioritization of elderly population, and (C)multi-staged prioritization of elderly and then high-risk population. The study period was February 18th, 2020 –June 1st, 2021, and the state of Georgia was used as a case study. ResultsThe relative effectiveness of the prioritization schemes depends on the outcome considered, as well as the vaccination start date, prioritized subpopulations, and rollout speed. Having no prioritization results in the fewest infections and hospitalizations in most scenarios; however, it yields the highest number of deaths. Prioritizing the elderly and then high-risk individuals results in the fewest overall and high-risk deaths in most scenarios. ConclusionsHaving no vaccine prioritization, i.e., opening vaccination to every adult regardless of age, simplifies vaccine rollout and reduces the infection spread but results in a higher number of deaths, especially among the elderly and high-risk populations. Prioritizing the elderly, then high-risk patients, as opposed to prioritizing only the elderly provides benefit regarding severe outcomes; however, such assumed benefits need to be counterbalanced with challenges in communicating eligibility and criteria and in distributing vaccines effectively and equitably which could result in suboptimal vaccine uptake and coverage, including among people within subpopulations at disproportionate risk of illness, hospitalization and death, of particular concern during periods of high incidence, severe disease, and death.
IgA vasculitis with terminal ileitis and giant duodenum ulceration and review of the literatures
Authors: Fengge Wang , Xiaoli Wang , Daiqin Wu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgA V), formerly Henoch–Schönlein purpura, is one of the most common self-limiting vasculitis in children. In 15-20% IgA V cases, gastrointestinal symptoms precede the rashes,they no specific gastrointestinal symptoms and often present as acute abdomen, making the diagnosis difficult.Case presentationWe present two female patients, ages 8 years old and 5 years old, who presented to vomiting and abdominal pain, rashes appeared on the lower limbs a few days later, they were subsequently diagnosed with IgA V. Both patients were given IV methylprednisolone, achieved benign clinical results.ConclusionsWhen gastrointestinal symptoms precede the rashes, it is difficult to diagnose IgA vasculitis, resulting in unnecessary surgery. Early recognition and treatment will promote the remission of the children and avoid unnecessary surgery.
Highly-Expressed Aspartic Protease from Aspergillus Fumigatus-Mediated Enzymolysis of Silkworm (Bombyx Mori) Pupae Protein
Authors: Herman Richard A. , Xie Chen , Zha Zi-Qian , Li Zong-Nan , Wang Jin-Zheng , You Shuai , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aspartic protease emerges as an optimistic hydrolytic agent to obtain several protein hydrolysates. An aspartic protease gene from Aspergillus fumigatus Af293 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115) and its hydrolytic potentials on silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae protein were determined. It was optimum at pH 4.0 and 50 °C and stable over pH range 4.0-5.0 and temperatures 45-55 °C with a specific activity of 8408.9 ± 305.6 U/mg. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the molecular weight of the recombinant protease to be 45 kDa. The half-life (t1/2) of the recombinant protease at 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C was 30, 25, 35, and 20 min, respectively. The protease showed enhanced activity in the presence of Cu2+, Pb2+ and SDS. Its substrate specificity studies were revealed in the order of cleaving ability to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) > Silkworm pupae powder (SPP) > Casein > Casein sodium salt (CSS). Upon hydrolysis of silkworm pupae protein, it showed enhanced and plausible hydrolytic potentials, increasing the degree of hydrolysis to 50 ± 6.1% at 6 h, increased solubility by 80%, and improved functional properties. The stable characteristics and hydrolytic performance of the recombinant aspartic protease qualify it for industrial application, especially within the food and related industries.
Risk Prediction Models for Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Protocol for Systematic Review, Critical Appraisal, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuecheng , Zhou Kehua , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Ying , Dai Hengheng , Wan Siqi , Guan Zhiyue , Hu Mingzhi , Kang Jing , Liu Yan , Shang Hongcai 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Nearly a third of patients with acute heart failure (AHF) die or are readmitted within three months after discharge, accounting for the majority of costs associated with heart failure-related care. A considerable number of risk prediction models, which predict outcomes for mortality and readmission rates, have been developed and validated for patients with AHF. These models could help clinicians stratify patients by risk level and improve decision making, and provide specialist care and resources directed to high-risk patients. However, clinicians sometimes reluctant to utilize these models, possibly due to their poor reliability, the variety of models, and/or the complexity of statistical methodologies. Here, we describe a protocol to systematically review extant risk prediction models. We will describe characteristics, compare performance, and critically appraise the reporting transparency and methodological quality of risk prediction models for AHF patients.
Method
Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library will be searched from their inception onwards. A back word will be searched on derivation studies to find relevant external validation studies. Multivariable prognostic models used for AHF and mortality and/or readmission rate will be eligible for review. Two reviewers will conduct title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction independently. Included models will be summarized qualitatively and quantitatively. We will also provide an overview of critical appraisal of the methodological quality and reporting transparency of included studies using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool(PROBAST tool) and the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis(TRIPOD statement).
Discussion
The result of the systematic review could help clinicians better understand and use the prediction models for AHF patients, as well as make standardized decisions about more precise, risk-adjusted management.
Systematic review registration
: PROSPERO registration number CRD42021256416.
Bio-Adsorbent Derived from Sewage Sludge Blended with Waste Coal for Nitrate and Methyl Red Removal: Synthesis, Oxidation, Performance and Environmental Consideration
Authors: Masengo John Longo , Mulopo Jean 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Low-cost bio-adsorbents were synthesized using two types of sewage sludge: D, which was obtained during the dissolved air flotation stage, and S, which was a mixture of primary and secondary sludge from the digestion and dewatering stages. The sewage sludge was mixed with waste coal before being activated with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and oxidized with ammonium persulfate (APS). The nitrate and methyl red removal capacities of the synthesized bio-adsorbents were evaluated and compared to those of industrial activated charcoal. The oxidation surface area of bio-adsorbents derived from sludge S shrank by six fold after modification, while those derived from D only varied narrowly from 312,72 m2/g to 282,22 m2/g, but surface modification had no effect on inorganic composition in either case. The adsorption of nitrate and methyl red (MR) was performed in batch mode, and the removal processes followed the pseudo second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm fairly well. The adsorption capacities of nitrate and MR were higher at pH=2 and pH=4, respectively. The total nitrate Langmuir adsorption potential was DC-5-750 (26,735 mg/g) > commercial activated carbon (Com-AC) (20,61 mg/g) > DC-55-750M1 (17,06 mg/g), and for MR, Com-AC (196,07 mg/g) > DC-5-750M2 (175 mg/g).Statement of Novelty: This paper examines how the chemical structure of activated carbon derived from sewage sludge and blended with waste coal is altered during the chemical activation process to provide the optimal porous surface for nitrate and methyl red adsorptive remediation. The formation of carboxylic sites or the transformation of oxygen sites to carboxylic sites is the aim of the oxidation process of activated carbon in general. Ammonium peroxydisulfate was chosen because of its ability to oxidize the surface without significantly altering the porous structure and increase surface acidity by increasing carboxylic group presence. There are no studies that we are aware of that use ammonium peroxydisulfate to oxidize activated carbon from sewage sludge blended with waste coal
Interventions for Improving Health Care Workers’ Retention in Epidemics – a Scoping Review
Authors: Jelyani Zahra Zarei , Valiee Sadra , Kia Mohammad , jajarmizadeh Ali , Delavari Sajad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Generally, in Epidemics, such as COVID-19, health care workers (HCWs) faces many problems which lead to a shortage and weakening of human resources in the health system. Therefore, using effective strategies to retain human resources is one of the most important issues during outbreaks. This study aims to collect and classify the proposed interventions to strengthen human health resources and their sustainability during epidemics through scoping review.Methods: In this scoping review study, 2300 studies were retrieved through searching international databases –PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The retrieved studies were screened, and finally, 50 studies were included for analysis. The strategies were classified using inductive qualitative content analysis.Results: Most of the studies were conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. The target population in 39 studies was all health workers; five studies were on physicians, five studies on nurses, and only one study on dentists. The proposed interventions were classified into five categories: preparation, protection, support, treatment, and feedback. Discussion: Most studies focused on providing interventions in one or two dimensions of human resources, but these interventions were summarized and categorized in this review. Therefore, this study has a holistic view of various dimensions of strengthening and maintaining human health resources during epidemics by providing a thematic map. Considering that human beings are multidimensional, policymakers and managers of the health system should use a set of interventions that simultaneously cover different aspects of their needs to strengthen and maintain HCWs.
Driving mechanisms of an extreme winter sea-ice breakup event in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Rheinlænder Jonathan , Davy Richard , Ólason Einar , Rampal Pierre , Spensberger Clemens , Williams Timothy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The thick multi-year sea ice that once covered large parts of the Arctic Ocean is being replaced by thinner and weaker first-year ice, making it increasingly vulnerable to breakup by storms. Here we use a sea ice model to investigate the driving mechanisms behind a large sea-ice breakup event in the Beaufort Sea in response to a series of storms during February–March 2013.These simulations are the first to successfully reproduce the timing, location and propagation of sea-ice leads associated with storm-induced breakup. We found that rheology in the sea-ice model and horizontal resolution in the atmospheric model are both crucial in accurately simulating such breakup events. The sensitivity of the breakup to the initial sea-ice thickness indicates that large breakup events will become more frequent as Arctic sea ice continues to thin. Here we show that large breakup events during winter have a significant impact on ice growth through enhanced air-sea fluxes in open leads, and enhanced drift speeds which increase the export of old, thick ice out of the Beaufort Sea. Overall, this results in a thinner and weaker ice cover that may precondition earlier breakup in spring and accelerate sea-ice loss.