bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Administration of Epoetin Alfa to Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Rauh Michael A , Bayers-Thering Mary , LaButti Ronald S , Krackow Kenneth A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Epoetin alfa is indicated to reduce allogeneic transfusions in patients undergoing major operations. This study included 40 patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty who received 600 IU/kg doses of epoetin alfa 21, 14, and 7 days preoperatively. Statistically equal matches were obtained according to preoperative hemoglobin, operation, sex, and age. After controlling for autologous donation, the average hemoglobin level on postoperative day one in the treatment group (10.93 g/dL) was significantly higher than the matched patient group (9.86 g/dL). Likewise, treated patients were transfused with significantly less blood (0.68 units/patient) compared to the matched group (1.6 units/patient). In these patients, administration of epoetin alfa was associated with significantly higher perioperative hemoglobin levels and significantly fewer transfusions than matched counterparts. The use of epoetin alfa in this heterogeneous surgical population illustrates its success in a varied population.
The Influence of Preoperative Nutritional Status in Wound Healing After Replacement Arthroplasty
Authors: Rai Jaswant , Gill S S , Kumar B R J Satish 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Patient nutritional status was evaluated preoperatively using the serological parameters serum albumin, serum transferrin, and total lymphocyte count in 40 patients who underwent replacement arthroplasty (33 hips and 7 knees). Using the standard criteria, the overall incidence of malnutrition was 40% (16 cases). Ten percent (4 patients) had a negative value in the Rainey McDonald nutritional index. On follow-up, no patient had delayed wound healing or wound infection. Attention to surgeondependent factors can offset the high risk of delayed wound healing imposed by patient-dependent factors.
The Effects of Dynamization and Destabilization of the External Fixator on Fracture Healing: A Comparative Biomechanical Study in Dogs
Authors: Arazi Mehmet , Yalcin Hakan , Tarakcioglu Necmettin , Dasci Zafer , Kutlu Abdurrahman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study compared the effects of axial dynamization and staged destabilization on fracture healing. Bilateral midshafts of canine tibiae were osteotomized and fixed with an external fixator. The hind limbs were divided into two groups: the destabilized group in which the fixator's stiffness was progressively reduced over time and the axially dynamized group in which the fixator was axially dynamized. The healed tibiae were tested for 3-point bending in the anteroposterior plane. The biomechanical tests performed 2 months postoperatively revealed that the side with the destabilized fixator was more rigid than the side with the axially dynamized fixator, but the differences were insignificant (P=.20). This study showed staged destabilization of the fixator's stiffness was as effective on the enhancement of fracture healing as axial dynamization.
Use of an Advanced Formulation of β-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Bone Extender in Interbody Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Linovitz Raymond J , Peppers Timothy A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the development of bone graft substitutes over the past 20 years, iliac crest autograft remains the gold standard for lumbar spinal fusion. However, donor site morbidity associated with the harvesting of iliac crest autograft remains problematic. Acute and chronic pain, prolonged operative time, bleeding, infection, deformity, and nerve and vascular injury still produce significant postoperative morbidity, even in the presence of careful surgical technique. Although allograft circumvents donor site morbidity, the growing number of spinal fusions performed in the United States and worldwide is creating a shortage of cadaver bone acceptable for use. Additionally, the extensive processing and storage of allograft is expensive. Synthetic materials, such as ß-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), have been developed as alternatives to both autograft and allograft. A novel formulation of ultraporous β-TCP (Vitoss, Orthovita, Malvern, Pa) offers interconnected microporosity, providing it with good wicking and hydrophilic properties. These properties allow the migration of nutrients, growth factors, and osteogenic cells into the ultraporous β-TCP scaffold, thereby promoting new bone growth and concurrent scaffold resorption. This study presents a retrospective review of 7 patients who underwent anterior (ALIF) or posterior (PLIF) interbody fusion at 12 levels with a 3- to 6-month follow-up. At the patients' last radiographic examination, all 12 levels were solidly fused with interbody grafting material consisting only of allograft plus a combination of ultraporous β-TCP and venous blood as an extender. Additionally, all 7 patients had segmental pedicle-screw fixation.
The Relationship Between Serum Relaxin and Knee Joint Laxity in Female Athletes
Authors: Arnold Christopher , Van Bell Craig , Rogers Vincent , Cooney Timothy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gravidity studies have intimated a relationship between serum relaxin levels and joint laxity. To assess its applicability to eumenorrheic athletes, weekly serum relaxin and knee arthrometry measurements were obtained in 57 collegiate women and 5 men for 4 consecutive weeks. The former included athletes, ACL-injured athletes, and nonathletes, while the latter formed an a priori hormonal control. Analysis of variance revealed a significant change in weekly serum relaxin levels in females but not in anterior translation. Regression analysis failed to disclose a relationship between these variables. Therefore, we conclude relaxin does not affect knee laxity.
Factors Associated With Short Form-36 Outcomes in Nonoperative Treatment for Ipsilateral Fractures of the Clavicle and Scapula
Authors: Edwards Scott G , Wood George W , Whittle A Paige 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Twenty consecutive patients with ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and scapula were treated nonoperatively with immobilization and physical therapy. Results were evaluated using the Herscovici, Rowe, and Constant scoring systems and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The average comprehensive SF-36 score was lower than the scores obtained using the other scoring systems. In the SF-36 questionnaire, physical scores were strongly associated with nonphysical scores (/><.001). No association was found between SF-36 physical scores and age (A=. 37), fracture pattern (clavicle, P=.81; scapula, P=. 1 8), fracture displacement (P=. 1 8), or injury severity score (P=.52). Outcomes were found to relate more to nonphysical factors than to the physical injury.
Scaphoid Fractures: Dorsal Versus Volar Approach
Authors: Polsky M Brian , Kozin Scott H , Porter Scott T , Thoder Joseph J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Twenty-six patients with scaphoid fractures were treated with internal fixation using a cannulated differential pitch compression screw. Sixteen patients underwent a dorsal approach (group 1) and 10 patients a volar approach (group 2). Average time from injury to surgery was 6.6 months (range: 0.3-19 months) for group 1 and 8.3 months (range: 0.3-24 months) for group 2. The rate of union, determined by radiographs and clinical examination, was 81 % in group 1 and 80% in group 2. No significant differences were noted between the groups for dorsiflexion/palmar flexion, radial deviation, grip strength, and pain level.
Complications and Surgical Considerations in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Carbon Fiber Interbody Cages and Steffee Pedicle Screws and Plates
Authors: Stromberg Lynn , Toohey John S , Neidre Arvo , Ramsey Michael , Brantigan John W 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sixty consecutive patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion with a carbon fiber cage and posterolateral fusion using Steffee VSP (Depuy, Raynham, Mass) pedicle screw and plate instrumentation were reviewed. Perioperative complications, operative blood loss, and operative time were evaluated.
Six dural tears, three transient sensory deficits, and two cases of deep venous thrombosis were reported. Operative blood loss for primary cases averaged 269 cc for one level and 569 cc for two levels fused. Patients with prior surgery averaged 378 cc for one level and 470 cc for two levels fused. Operative time for primary cases averaged 202 minutes for one level and 251 minutes for two levels fused. Patients with prior surgery required 208 minutes for one level and 251 minutes for two levels fused.
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with instrumented posterolateral fusion can be performed with a low intraoperative complication rate. Blood loss and operative time compare favorably with alternative methods of obtaining 360° fusion. Radiographic fusion was obtained in 1 00% of patients. Outcome analysis revealed 67% excellent or good results.
Economic Consequences of Operative Delay for Hip Fractures in a Non-Profit Institution
Authors: Shabat Shay , Heller Eyal , Mann Gideon , Gepstein Reuben , Fredman Brian , Nyska Meir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the economic consequences of delaying hip fracture surgery in 191 elderly patients. Data was collected regarding fracture type, surgery, timing of surgery, background diseases, postoperative hospital stay, and complications. In addition, calculation of the drugs administered to the patients, cost of the surgery, blood transfusion, physiotherapy, laboratory examinations, radiographs, and any financial data were evaluated. Spending more resources for performing hip surgery within 48 hours is more cost-effective than delaying surgery past the third day.
Immunohistological Detection of Relaxin Binding to Anterior Cruciate Ligaments
Authors: Galey Stephanie , Konieczko Elisa M , Arnold Christopher A , Cooney Timothy E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Relaxin, a member of the insulin-like growth factor family, alters collagen metabolism in fibroblasts. It was hypothesized that relaxin interacts with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), contributing to its elasticity. Twelve ACL specimens were collected from reconstruction surgeries, sectioned, rinsed, and exposed to rh-relaxin overnight. Polyclonal antirelaxin antibodies, in conjunction with HRP-AEC, localized areas of tissue binding. Controls were used to infer binding specificity. Staining was present in the positive control and all 1 2 ACL specimens; little or no staining occurred in the negative controls. These data suggest that relaxin binding to the ACL is specific, indicative of a receptor-mediated event.
Student Career Goal Changes During Doctoral Education in Nursing
Authors: Zebelman Edna S , Olswang Steven G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
As a relatively new doctoral discipline, nursing appears to be following the research focus of other disciplines in its doctoral programs. One original intent of awarding doctoral degrees in nursing was to prepare faculty. This study sought to determine how many doctoral students in nursing identified the goal of a career as faculty in schools of nursing at the beginning of their doctoral program, and how many would choose faculty positions after being enrolled in a doctoral program for more than one year. The population included 785 doctoral students in nursing from 35 schools in the United States. A cross-sectional study design was used to compare newly enrolled doctoral students with students who had been enrolled for more than one year.
Although first-year and more experienced students have similar career goals upon entering a doctoral program, the career goals of doctoral nursing students do change over time. More experienced students become less interested in faculty positions, especially in nondoctoral schools of nursing, and more interested in positions involving research and consultation. Within specific programs, students in EdD programs became more interested in faculty positions in doctoral universities. Students in DNS programs who changed their goals became more career goal oriented, thus compounding the shortage of doctoral faculty. These changes in career goals warrant examination.
Learning to Care-A Qualitative Perspective of Student Evaluation
Authors: Leino-Kilpi Helena 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
There is a school reform going on in nursing education in Finland, which emphasizes all qualitative aspects of learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the qualitative evaluation of student performance, with the final examination of nursing education taken as an example. The objective was to develop methods to "measure" the depth of the learning process in nursing education. The data consisted of the students' answers to the final exam questions (N =418). The answers were those of the surgical and psychiatric nursing students in Finland in 1985. Data was analyzed by the method of discursive content analysis. For describing the cognitive complexity of the knowledge, the concepts of the level of information processing (surfacedeep), the form of the knowledge (atomistic-holistic), and the structure of the knowledge (pre-structured - relating) were used. In the students' answers, a tendency towards superficial cognitive learning and the production of fragmentary information without a basic learning idea can be seen.
Role Deprivation in Baccalaureate Nursing Students Pre and Post Curriculum Revision
Authors: Carroll Theresa L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study documents that the Role Deprivation of senior generic baccalaureate nursing students ( n - 194 ) in a newly revised conceptually based, 8-term, health-oriented curriculum was significantly greater (p < .05) than the role deprivation of senior baccalaureate nursing students (n - 174) in the same school when the program was based on a ??-term, medical model, illness-oriented curriculum. Role deprivation was measured by the Corwin (1960) Role Conception-Role Deprivation (RC-RD) Scale which was used extensively by Kramer in her studies (1969, 1970, 19741 of nurse's adjustment to the hospital work world. In these studies, Kramer used role deprivation as an indirect measure of reality shock. Unresolved reality shock leads to anger, frustration, and disillusionment that eventually can lead to exit from the profession (Kramer, 1974). Kramer has demonstrated that changes in learning experiences in an educational program can affect new graduates' adaptation to the hospital work world.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Clinical Stress Questionnaire (CSQ)
Authors: Pagana Kathleen Deska 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the Clinical Stress Questionnaire (CSQ) was to assess the appraisal of stress in the clinical experience of nursing students as threatening or challenging. The CSQ consists of a 20-item Likert scale and some open-ended questions. The instrument was administered to 246 female nursing students from 7 different colleges and universities in Pennsylvania after their first day of their medicalsurgical clinical experience. Alpha coefficients of .85 and .84 were obtained for the challenge and threat scales, respectively. Factor analysis supported construct validity. A paired T-test indicated that the students were significantly more challenged than threatened. However, the students' comments focused more on the negative aspects of stress and threat.
Nurse Practitioner Education: Enhancing Performance Through the Use of the Objective Structured Clinical Assessment
Authors: Bramble Karna 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An Objective Structured Clinical Assessment (OSCA) was implemented in a graduate nurse practitioner (NP) program to determine the effect that participation in this type of clinical simulation would have on the cognitive and clinical competency of students. Based on the analysis of data, participation in the OSCA simulations did not lead to significantly better cognitive or clinical performance. Support for the OSCA was shown, however, by NP students when subjectively evaluating their experiences. All students agreed or strongly agreed that OSCA participation was a valuable learning experience and that the feedback provided was beneficial to their clinical and cognitive performance.
Introducing a Feminist Perspective to Nursing Curricula: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Boughn Susan , Wang Henry 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Feminist concerns of the nursing profession are examined and it is argued that feminism provides the ideology and impetus for social change. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on the attitudes and beliefs of nursing students who take a feminist-oriented women's health course. The course went beyond a scientific model of women's health and examined women's health issues as they are related to the concerns of women as consumers and providers. A questionnaire assessing the effects of the course was administered at the beginning and again at the end of the course. Results indicated that the course produced significant changes in the attitudes and beliefs of the experimental subjects in areas of professional activism; high regard for self, nurses, and women; and social activism against sexism in the media and violence against women.
Integrating Nursing Research Findings into the Curriculum: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Herbener Debra J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This descriptive study examined methods used to integrate nursing research findings into associate, baccalaureate, and master's nursing program curricula. Nursing faculty members (N = 420) from 105 programs in the NLN's North Atlantic region were asked, in a mailed survey, to indicate the course objectives and learning activities concerning nursing research findings used in their courses. Completed surveys were returned from 55% (n = 231). Chi-square analyses showed significant differences in all course objectives and most learning activities among faculty. Faculty in baccalaureate and/or master's programs used the objectives and most learning activities concerning nursing research findings more than faculty from the associate degree programs. Overall, however, faculty have made concerted efforts to teach nursing research findings using a variety of course objectives and learning activities. Further research is recommended to determine the most effective strategies. Educators are encouraged to provide opportunities for students to use accepted research findings in practice.
Perceptions of Effective Clinical Teachers in Associate Degree Programs
Authors: Sieh Selina , Bell Shirley K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examined students' and faculty's perceptions of important characteristics of associate degree clinical teachers. Differences in perceptions were compared. Perceptions were measured using the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory. Associate degree nursing students (N= 199) and faculty (N = 22) from two southwestern community colleges participated in the study. All 48 items were rated highly by both students and faculty, ranging from 3.86 for "Directs students to useful literature in nursing* to 4.85 for "Corrects students' mistakes without belittling them." Students' and faculty's perceptions of important characteristics of effective clinical teachers by subsets were not significantly different. Since few studies on students' and faculty's perceptions have been done at the associate degree level, the results were comparable except for the item "good role modeling," which was not rated as highly in this study as in previous studies of baccalaureate students.
Education for Clinical Practice: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Packer Janette L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although there have been many advances in technology, nursing science, and the professional role, there has been little planned, substantive change in the approach to clinical education. Documented problems include faculty workload, clinical placements, student anxiety, and concurrent teaching and evaluation. This article reviews the current status of clinical education and offers an alternative approach. The recommendation involves teaching a course on clinical practice, which includes patient care and adaptive competencies, evaluation in the college laboratory, and placing students with preceptors in the clinical laboratory. Ideas for implementation are offered, which include curricular changes and student-centered teaching strategies that encourage activities such as reflection and decision making. Advantages include opportunities for professional development for faculty and preceptors, improved student learning, and elimination of reality shock. The need for faculty development and educational research is emphasized.
Evaluation of Nursing Faculty Through Observation
Authors: Crawford Lynda H 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess current use and faculty perceptions of classroom observation as a method of faculty evaluation in schools of nursing. Baccalaureate schools of nursing were surveyed to determine current use of classroom observation and its worth from the perception of administrators and faculty. Although most schools used classroom observation as a method of faculty evaluation, further clarification and research is needed in the following areas: purpose of classroom observation; number of observations necessary; weight given to classroom observation in relation to other evaluation methods; and tools used.
Curriculum Revision: Reaching Faculty Consensus Through the Nominal Group Technique
Authors: Davis Debra C , Rhodes Rosemary , Baker Amanda S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A fundamental concept to initiate change in the curriculum revision process is to overcome résistance to change and the boundaries of self-interest. Curriculum change cannot occur without an "unfreezing" of faculty values and interests. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used to facilitate faculty identification of areas needing change in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. The process led to the generation of numerous independent ideas in which all faculty participated. The revised curriculum which resulted from the NGT process has had full and enthusiastic support of the faculty.
Teaching Using Interactive Video: Creating Connections
Authors: Chandler Genevieve E , Hanrahan Patricia 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the two essential elements of distance learning: the technology and the pedagogy. Both areas are discussed through the four components-information, support, resources, and relationships-of a work effectiveness model. Drawing from recent literature and their experience, the authors offer strategies for making interactive video technology "invisible" while engaging students at a distance. Students experience connections when faculty know how to manage the equipment, plan ahead, and consciously construct strategies for creating relationships across the miles.
Students' Perceptions of Field Experience Professional Development: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dunn Sandra V , Ehrich Lisa , Mylonas Alissa , Hansford Brian C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The movement of the health care and education professions from an apprenticeship model in the early half of the century to the tertiary education sector has brought an awareness of the key role field experience or practicum plays in professional development. The literature has demonstrated that field experience during teacher education and clinical education is a valuable part of preparation for entry into the teaching and nursing professions. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the perceptions of final year students from three distinct undergraduate field experiences. Queensland University of Technology students from adult and workplace education, secondary education, and nursing participated in the study. Data were collected through a series of focus group interviews with groups of five to nine participants across the three discipline areas. Students described their expectations of the practical side of their learning and the learning outcomes that eventuated during the practicum.