bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcome of patients transported by police to emergency departments under section 351 of the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic)
Authors: Ward Beth , Kollios Jason , Smith Fiona , Klim Sharon , Senz Ainslie , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine characteristics, precipitating circumstances, clinical care, outcome and disposition of patients brought to the ED under section 351 (s351, police detention and transport) powers of the Mental Health Act 2014 (Vic) (MHAV).MethodsThis is an observational cohort study conducted in two metropolitan teaching hospitals in Victoria. Participants were adult patients brought to ED under s351 of the MHAV. Data collected included demographics, event circumstances, pre‐hospital and ED interventions and outcome. Analyses are descriptive.ResultsThe present study included 438 patient encounters. Median age was 34 years. In 84% of encounters (368/438) patients were co‐transported with ambulance. The most common primary reason for detainment was suicide risk/intent (296/438, 67.6%) followed by abnormal behaviour without threat to self or others (92/438, 21%). In ED, parenteral sedation was administered in 11% (48/438). Physical restraint was applied in 17.6% (77/438). Psychiatric admission was required in 23.5% (103/438). In 63 cases, psychiatric admission was involuntary (14.4%). Most patients (297/438, 67.8%) were discharged home. A subset of patients had recurrent s351 presentations. Eighteen (5.6%) patients accounted for 22% (96/438) of all events.ConclusionMost patients brought to ED under s351 of the MHAV had expressed intention to self‐harm, did not require medical intervention and were discharged home. It could be questioned whether the current application of s351 is consistent with the least restrictive principles of the MHAV, especially as there is no apparent monitoring or reporting of the use of these powers. There were a concerning number of patients with multiple s351 events over a short period.
The Political leader's motivating language use and his perceived effectiveness: The case of Narendra Modi's Mann Ki Baat
Authors: Sharma Daneshwar , Dubey Akash D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the usage of Motivating Language Theory (MLT) in the Indian PM Narendra Damodardas Modi's monthly radio address to the nation known as Mann Ki Baat (Speech of Heart). The various facets of motivating language (ML) used by the Indian Prime Minister are correlated with leader effectiveness. To study the relationship between three components of ML (i.e., direction giving, empathetic and meaning‐making language) and the followers' perception of leader's effectiveness, the ML scale and Leader Effectiveness scale were used in a survey. The structural equation modelling revealed that the theoretical framework that was constructed for this article had a reasonably good fit. This indicates that Modi has been using the ML (which comprises direction giving, empathetic, and meaning‐making language) to a very effective scale and thus increasing his leadership effectiveness.
1004. PHILCOXIA RHIZOMATOSA: Plantaginaceae: Gratioleae
Authors: Scatigna André V. , Fleischmann Andreas S. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPhilcoxia rhizomatosa is a highly specialised carnivorous perennial herb endemic to the deep, white quartzite sand pans of the campos rupestres vegetation of eastern Brazil's Espinhaço Range, specifically within the northern portion of the range in the state of Minas Gerais. Philcoxia is among the most threatened genera of carnivorous plants and thus far all attempts to cultivate them have failed.
Comparison of treatment with insulin degludec and glargine U100 in patients with type 1 diabetes prone to nocturnal severe hypoglycaemia: The HypoDeg randomized, controlled, open‐label, crossover trial
Authors: Pedersen‐Bjergaard Ulrik , Agesen Rikke M. , Brøsen Julie M. B. , Alibegovic Amra C. , Andersen Henrik U. , Beck‐Nielsen Henning , Gustenhoff Peter , Hansen Troels K. , Hedetoft Christoffer , Jensen Tonny J. , Juhl Claus B. , Jensen Andreas K. , Lerche Susanne S. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Parving Hans‐Henrik , Sørensen Anne L. , Tarnow Lise , Thorsteinsson Birger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the long‐acting insulin analogue insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine U100 reduces the risk of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsAdults with T1D and at least one episode of nocturnal severe hypoglycaemia during the last 2 years were included in a 2‐year prospective, randomized, open, multicentre, crossover trial. A total of 149 patients were randomized 1:1 to basal‐bolus therapy with insulin degludec and insulin aspart or insulin glargine U100 and insulin aspart. Each treatment period lasted 1 year and consisted of 3 months of run‐in or crossover followed by 9 months of maintenance. The primary endpoint was the number of blindly adjudicated nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes. Secondary endpoints included the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia. We analysed all endpoints by intention‐to‐treat.ResultsTreatment with insulin degludec resulted in a 28% (95% CI: 9%‐43%; P = .02) relative rate reduction (RRR) of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia at level 1 (≤3.9 mmol/L), a 37% (95% CI: 16%‐53%; P = .002) RRR at level 2 (≤3.0 mmol/L), and a 35% (95% CI: 1%‐58%; P = .04) RRR in all‐day severe hypoglycaemia compared with insulin glargine U100.ConclusionsPatients with T1D prone to nocturnal severe hypoglycaemia have lower rates of nocturnal symptomatic hypoglycaemia and all‐day severe hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine U100.
On pedagogy of a Soil Science Centre for Doctoral Training
Authors: Haygarth Philip M. , Lawrenson Olivia , Mezeli Malika , Sayer Emma J. , McCloskey Christopher S. , Evans Daniel L. , Kirk Guy J. D. , Tye Andrew M. , Chadwick David R. , McGrath Steve P. , Mooney Sacha J. , Paterson Eric , Robinson David A. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHere we describe and evaluate the success of a multi‐institutional Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT), which was established to address a UK skills shortage in Soil Science. The government‐funded ‘STARS’ (Soils Training And Research Studentships) CDT was established in 2015 across a range of universities and research institutes in the UK. It recruited 41 PhD students equitably split across the institutions under four core research themes identified as being central to the national need, namely, (1) Understanding the soil–root interface, (2) Soils and the delivery of ecosystem services, (3) Resilience and response of functions in soil systems and (4) Modelling the soil ecosystem at different spatial and temporal scales. In addition, the STARS CDT provided a diverse skills programme, including: Holistic training in soils, the promotion of collegiality and joint working, strategies to promote science and generate impact, internships with end users (e.g., policymakers, industry), personal wellbeing, and ways to generate a lasting soils training legacy. Overall, both supervisors and students have reported a positive experience of the CDT in comparison to the conventional doctoral training programmes, which have less discipline focus and little chance for students to scientifically interact with their cohorts or to undertake joint training activities. The STARS CDT also allowed students to freely access research infrastructure across the partner institutions (e.g., long‐term field trials, specialised analytical facilities, high‐performance computing), breaking down traditional institutional barriers and thus maximising the students' potential to undertake high‐quality research. The success and legacy of the STARS CDT can be evidenced in many ways; however, it is exemplified by the large number and diversity of journal papers produced, the lasting collaborations, final career destinations, and creation of a web‐based legacy portal including new and reflective video material.Highlights
Soil science was identified as having a scientific skills shortage in the UK.
A dedicated soil science Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) was established to address this skills gap.
The multi‐institutional, discipline‐focused CDT proved more successful than conventional generic PhD training programmes.
The CDT model provides critical mass to provide more effective training of soil scientists.
The course of acne in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic and evaluation of possible risk factors
Authors: Özkesici Kurt Birgül 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are a limited number of publications reporting an increase in acne in the COVID‐19 outbreak.ObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the course and the clinical features of acne and possible risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic in healthcare workers.MethodA total of 172 physicians (female,n = 159, male;n = 13, mean age = 35.03 ± 5.27 years) who had acne in any period of their life were included in the study. A self‐administered online questionnaire was applied.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, 45.35% of the participants reported that their acne complaints increased, 27.33% reported relapses, and 7.56% reported occurrence for the first time. Newly formed acne was reported most frequently on the chin (78.26%). The number of female participants, smoking, increased stress, and the rate of surgical mask use were found to be higher in the group whose acne occurred for the first time, relapsed, or increased than in the group whose acne complaints were unchanged or decreased (p < 0.05). In the group whose acne relapsed or increased, adult‐onset acne, presence of scar, and use of systemic acne treatment before the COVID‐19 pandemic were more common than in the group whose acne complaints were unchanged or decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionAlmost half of the participants reported an increase in acne. More than a third of the participants reported that their acne relapsed or they had acne for the first time. In addition to the use of surgical masks, factors such as increased stress, smoking, adult‐onset acne, presence of scar, and previous systemic acne treatment were found to be responsible for acne development.
SDR7‐6, a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family protein, regulates light‐dependent cell death and defence responses in rice
Authors: Zheng Yanmei , Zhu Yongsheng , Mao Xiaohui , Jiang Minrong , Wei Yidong , Lian Ling , Xu Huibin , Chen Liping , Xie Huaan , Lu Guodong , Zhang Jianfu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLesion mimic mutants resembling the hypersensitive response without pathogen attack are an ideal material to understand programmed cell death, the defence response, and the cross‐talk between defence response and development in plants. In this study, mic, a lesion mimic mutant from cultivar Yunyin treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), was screened. By map‐based cloning, a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase with an atypical active site HxxxK was isolated and designated as SDR7‐6. It functions as a homomultimer in rice and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The lesion mimic phenotype of the mutant is light‐dependent. The mutant displayed an increased resistance response to bacterial blight, but reduced resistance to rice blast disease. The mutant and knockout lines showed increased reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of pathogenicity‐related genes, while chlorophyll content was significantly reduced. The knockout lines showed significant reduction in grain size, seed setting rate, 1000‐grain weight, grain weight per plant, panicle length, and plant height. SDR7‐6 is a new lesion mimic gene that encodes a short‐chain alcohol dehydrogenase with atypical catalytic site. Disruption of SDR7‐6 led to cell death and had adverse effects on multiple agricultural characters. SDR7‐6 may act at the interface of the two defence pathways of bacterial blight and rice blast disease in rice.
Novel NMP split liver model recapitulates human IRI and demonstrates ferroptosis modulators as a new therapeutic strategy
Authors: Nazzal Mustafa , Madsen Erik C. , Armstrong Austin , van Nispen Johan , Murali Vidul , Song Eric , Voigt Marcus , Madnawat Himani , Welu Adam , Manithody Chandrashekhara , Suri Anandini , Krebs Joseph , Gilbert Ester , Samaddar Ashish , Blackall Douglas , Carpenter Danielle , Varma Chintalapati , Teckman Jeffrey , Jain Ajay Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlmost 9%of deceased donor livers are discarded as marginal donor livers (MDL) due to concern of severe ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Emerging data supports ferroptosis (iron regulated hepatocellular death) as an IRI driver, however lack of robust preclinical model limits therapeutic testing. In this manuscript we describe the development of a novel rigorous internal control system utilizing normothermic perfusion of split livers to test ferroptosis regulators modulating IRI.MethodsUpon institutional approval, split human MDLs were placed on our normothermic perfusion machine, Perfusion Regulated Organ Therapeutics with Enhanced Controlled Testing (PROTECT), pumping arterial and portal blood. Experiment 1 compared right (UR) and left (UL) lobes to validate PROTECT. Experiment 2 assessed ferroptosis regulator Deferoxamine in Deferoxamine Agent Treated (DMAT) vs. No Agent Internal Control (NAIC) lobes. Liver serology, histology, and ferroptosis genes were assessed.ResultsSuccessful MDL perfusion validated PROTECT with no ALT or AST difference between UR and UL (∆ALT UR: 235, ∆ALT UL: 212; ∆AST UR: 576, ∆AST UL: 389). Liver injury markers increased in NAIC vs. DMAT (∆ALT NAIC: 586, ∆ALT DMAT: ‐405; ∆AST NAIC: 617, ∆AST DMAT: ‐380). UR and UL had similar expression of ferroptosis regulators RPL8,HO‐1 and HIFα. Significantly decreased intrahepatic iron (p = .038), HO‐1 and HIFα in DMAT (HO‐1 NAIC: 6.93, HO‐1 DMAT: 2.74; HIFαNAIC: 8.67, HIFαDMAT: 2.60)and no hepatocellular necrosis or immunohistochemical staining (Ki67/Cytokeratin‐7) differences were noted.ConclusionPROTECT demonstrates the therapeutic utility of a novel normothermic perfusion split liver system for drug discovery and rapid translatability of therapeutics, driving a paradigm change in organ recovery and transplant medicine. Our study using human livers, provides preliminary proof of concept for the novel role of ferroptosis regulators in driving IRI.
Interpreting ‘anti‐inflammatory’ cytokine responses to exercise: focus on interleukin‐10
Authors: Islam Hashim , Neudorf Helena , Mui Alice L. , Little Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCirculating concentrations of canonically pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines are commonly measured when evaluating the anti‐inflammatory effects of exercise. An important caveat to interpreting systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for the anti‐inflammatory effects of exercise is the observed dissociation between circulating cytokine concentrations and cytokine function at the tissue/cellular level. The dichotomization of cytokines as pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory also overlooks the context dependence of cytokine function, which can vary depending on the physiological state being studied, the cytokine's cellular source/target, and magnitude of cytokine responses. We re‐evaluate our current understanding of anti‐inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise by highlighting nuances surrounding the interpretation of altered systemic cytokine concentrations as evidence for changes in inflammatory processes occurring at the tissue/cellular level. We highlight the lesser known pro‐inflammatory and immunostimulatory actions of the prototypical anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)‐10, including the potentiation of interferon gamma production during endotoxaemia, CD8+ T cell activation in tumour bearing rodents and cancer patients in vivo, and CD8+ T lymphocyte and natural killer cell activation in vitro. IL‐10's more well‐established anti‐inflammatory actions can also be blunted following exercise training and under chronic inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) independently of circulating IL‐10 concentrations. The resistance to IL‐10's anti‐inflammatory action in T2D coincides with blunted STAT3 phosphorylation and can be restored with small‐molecule activators of IL‐10 signalling, highlighting potential therapeutic avenues for restoring IL‐10 action. We posit that inferences based on altered circulating cytokine concentrations alone can miss important functional changes in cytokine action occurring at the tissue/cellular level.
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Transonic Relief in Fans and Compressors
Authors: Lefas Demetrios , Miller Robert J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Every supersonic fan or compressor blade row has a streamtube, the “sonic streamtube,” which operates with a blade relative inlet Mach number of one. A key parameter in the design of the “sonic streamtube” is the area ratio between the blade throat area and the upstream passage area, Athroat/Ainlet. In this article, it is shown that one unique value exists for this area ratio. If the area ratio differs, even slightly, from this unique value, then the blade either chokes or has its suction surface boundary layer separated due to a strong shock. Therefore, it is surprising that in practice designers have relatively little problem designing blade sections with an inlet relative Mach number close to unity. This article shows that this occurs due to a physical mechanism known as “transonic relief.” If a designer makes a mistake and designs a blade with a “sonic streamtube,” which has the wrong area ratio, then “transonic relief” will self-adjust the spanwise streamtube height automatically moving it toward the unique optimal area ratio, correcting for the designer’s error. Furthermore, as the blade incidence changes, the spanwise streamtube height self-adjusts, moving the area ratio toward its unique optimal value, effectively controlling the blade’s incidence range. Without “transonic relief,” supersonic and transonic fan and compressor design would be impossible. This article develops a simple model that allows “transonic relief” to be decoupled from other mechanisms and to be systematically studied. The physical mechanism on which it is based is thus determined and a universal relationship for core compressor preliminary blade design is presented. Finally, its implications in relaxing manufacturing tolerances and in the design of future distortion tolerant blades are discussed.
Short interpregnancy interval: circumstance or choice?
Authors: Taylor Rebecca Alexandra Margaret , Yang Jenny M , Cheney Kate , Black Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDespite the knowledge of pregnancy risks attributable to inadequate birth spacing, over one-third of pregnancies occur within 18 months of a preceding birth. In this qualitative study we sought to interview women with a short interpregnancy interval (sIPI) to explore their knowledge of contraception and birth spacing and their experience of counselling on these themes.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews with women with a sIPI (live-birth less than 18 months prior to conception of current pregnancy) at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Canterbury Hospital in Sydney, Australia. Women were recruited at the second antenatal visit or day 3 postpartum. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. The six-phase thematic analysis framework described by Braun and Clarke was used to perform qualitative data analysis.ResultsTwenty women were interviewed (IPI range: 3–18 months). The three central themes that arose were that perceptions of IPIs are shaped by individual circumstances, a lack of information from healthcare providers (HCPs) on IPI and contraception limited women’s ability to make informed decisions, and that reproductive life planning is an important element of pregnancy care.ConclusionsIn this study, women with a sIPI did not feel informed about birth spacing, had poor knowledge of reliable contraceptives, and remained at risk of further closely spaced pregnancies. There was a desire among women with a sIPI to receive clear and consistent education on these topics. HCPs need to do more to educate women in the antenatal and postnatal period to help them space their pregnancies appropriately.
Surgical Repair of Intercostal Pulmonary Hernia Secondary to Cough Induced Rib Fracture
Authors: Ayers D E , LeFeuvre A , Barker P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntercostal pulmonary hernia, a protrusion of lung parenchyma with overlying pleural membranes through an abnormal defect in the thoracic cage, is an uncommon phenomenon. Rib fractures caused by coughing similarly represent an infrequently occurring clinical presentation. Pulmonary herniation through an intercostal defect caused by cough fractures has been described twice in the literature to our knowledge. We present a case of pulmonary herniation secondary to cough fracture in a chronic bronchitic, successfully treated by thoracotomy with application of the basic principles of hernia repair, and a discussion of the mechanisms of injury.
Whirling disease in the Crowsnest River: an emerging threat to wild salmonids in Alberta
Authors: James Clayton T. , Veillard Marie F. , Martens Amanda M. , Pila Emmanuel A. , Turnbull Alyssa , Hanington Patrick , Luek Andreas , Alexander Julie , Nehring R. Barry 
Published: October 2021

We provide the first documented case of whirling disease (WD) impacts to wild, self-sustaining rainbow trout (RNTR, Oncorynchus mykiss) populations in Canada. Myxobolus cerebralis (Mc), the causative agent of WD, was first confirmed in Alberta in 2016. However, evidence of disease in local fish populations was unknown. Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we examined multiple parasite life cycle stages in the Crowsnest River, Alberta. Percentage of infected Tubifex tubifex worms actively shedding triactinomyxons (TAMs) exceeded known thresholds of Mc establishment and TAM densities instream exceeded thresholds known to cause ≥90% declines in RNTR populations. Mc was detected at 5 of 6 study sites in water, fish, and worms. Disease severity was highest in the lower watershed where 100% of sentinel fish tested positive for Mc 7 to 14 days post-exposure; up to 85% of wild fingerling RNTR showed clinical signs of disease and yearling trout were largely absent from the river suggesting reduced survival. Our findings indicate conditions necessary for outbreak of WD exist in Alberta, highlighting the need to consider this disease as an emerging threat to wild salmonid populations.
The Genetic Landscape of Ocular Adnexa MALT Lymphoma Reveals Frequent Aberrations in NFAT and MEF2B Signaling Pathways
Authors: Magistri Marco , Happ Lanie E. , Ramdial Jeremy , Lu XiaoQing , Stathias Vasileios , Kunkalla Kranthi , Agarwal Nitin , Jiang Xiaoyu , Schürer Stephan C. , Dubovy Sander R. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Vega Francisco , Dave Sandeep , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive constellation of somatic nonsilent mutations and copy-number (CN) variations in ocular adnexa marginal zone lymphoma (OAMZL) is unknown. By utilizing whole-exome sequencing in 69 tumors, we define the genetic landscape of OAMZL. Mutations and CN changes in CABIN1 (30%), RHOA (26%), TBL1XR1 (22%), and CREBBP (17%) and inactivation of TNFAIP3 (26%) were among the most common aberrations. Candidate cancer driver genes cluster in the B-cell receptor (BCR), NF-κB, NOTCH, and NFAT signaling pathways. One of the most commonly altered genes is CABIN1, a calcineurin inhibitor acting as a negative regulator of the NFAT and MEF2B transcriptional activity. CABIN1 deletions enhance BCR-stimulated NFAT and MEF2B transcriptional activity, while CABIN1 mutations enhance only MEF2B transcriptional activity by impairing binding of mSin3a to CABIN1. Our data provide an unbiased identification of genetically altered genes that may play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of OAMZL and serve as therapeutic targets.

Significance:
We report systematic application of whole-exome sequencing and CN variations in OAMZL, revealing common alterations in regulation of NFAT signaling pathway that may facilitate identification of new therapies.