bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Africanfuturist Socio‐Climatic Imaginaries and Nnedi Okorafor’s Wild Necropolitics
Authors: Death Carl 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDominant and insurgent socio‐climatic imaginaries struggle for influence over how the future is envisioned. Africanfuturist imaginaries have huge potential to unsettle racialised and gendered climate narratives. In this article I use Nnedi Okorafor’s novelWho Fears Deathin order to challenge mainstream climate imaginaries and to imagine new forms of being and becoming in the context of climate change. Drawing on Achille Mbembe’s concepts of biopolitics and necropolitics, as well as black feminist traditions of imagining new genres of the human, I argue that Okorafor’s “wild necropolitics” illuminates how the forces of “wild nature” have become central features of the deployment of the means of destroying life, especially in the context of climate change. By examining the motifs of change, violence, wilderness and narration, I argue that reading and writing different stories about alternative climate futures is essential to the process of finding new ways of being and becoming human.
Serum hepatitis B virus RNA level is associated with biochemical relapse in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection who discontinue nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment
Authors: Xia Muye , Chi Heng , Wu Yaobo , Hansen Bettina E. , Li Zhandong , Liu Shi , Liao GuiChan , Zhang Xiaoyong , Zhou Bin , Hou Jinlin , Sun Jian , Janssen Harry L. A. , Peng Jie 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBackgroundNucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) discontinuation may be attempted in carefully selected patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.AimTo investigate whether a novel serum marker of quantitative hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA levels could predict biochemical relapse after NA discontinuation.MethodsWe prospepctively followed non‐cirrhotic Asian patients with CHB who stopped NA according to pre‐specified stopping criteria. The primary endpoint was biochemical relapse (HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL and alanine transaminase >2x upper limit of normal), which were also the re‐treatment criteria.ResultsBiochemical relapse occurred in 50 patients (48.3% at year 6). Multivariable analysis showed that higher HBV RNA levels (HR 1.34; P < 0.001) at the time of NA discontinuation were associated with increased biochemical relapse risk. The area under the curve of HBV RNA at the time of NA discontinuation for the incidence of biochemical relapse was 0.760 at 6 years. Six years after treatment discontinuation, all patients with HBV RNA levels ≥20 000 copies/mL at the end of treatment developed a biochemical relapse compared with 23.8% of patients with HBV RNA levels<1000 copies/mL (P < 0.001). More patients with HBV RNA levels <1000 copies/mL at end of treatment achieved loss of hepatitis B surface antigen than patients with higher levels (30.9% vs 1.6%; P = 0.027).ConclusionsThe HBV RNA level at end of treatment predicted biochemical relapse after treatment discontinuation and may be used to guide decisions on treatment discontinuation.
Impact investing and sustainable market transformations: The role of venture capital funds
Authors: Holtslag Maarten , Chevrollier Nicolas , Nijhof Andre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImpact investors often know their financial return on investments, but are less certain about their impact. This article frames impact as their contribution to sustainable market transformation. A sustainable market transformation consists of inception, first movers, critical mass, and institutionalization phases. Given the nature of such transformations, the impact is effectuated at different moments and toward various market actors. Based on an exploratory research design with semi‐structured expert interviews, this article aims to create an overview of the roles of impact venture capital funds in sustainable market transformations. The results suggest that the view that the capitalization of start‐ups is the only impact of impact investors is a misconception. The needs of companies with sustainability value propositions change over time and consequently impact investors perform various roles. For example, exiting an investment while upholding social and environmental objectives communicates to mainstream business that the start‐up is ready to create a greater impact. Further, impact investors fulfill external roles that change the perspectives of institutional actors toward sustainable investments. Based on an overview of the different roles that impact investors fill, this article proposes a future research agenda to strengthen our knowledge about the impact return of investments.
Multicentre, prospective study on local treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (LoMP study)
Authors: Buelens Sarah , Poelaert Filip , Claeys Tom , De Bleser Elise , Dhondt Bert , Verla Wesley , Ost Piet , Rappe Bernard , De Troyer Bart , Verbaeys Caroline , Kimpe Bart , Billiet Ignace , Plancke Hendrik , Fransis Karen , Willemen Patrick , Ameye Filip , Decaestecker Karel , Lumen Nicolaas 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy in addition to standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsThis multicentre, prospective study included asymptomatic patients from 2014 to 2018 (NCT02138721). Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy was offered to all fit patients with resectable tumours, resulting in 40 patients. Standard of care was administered to 40 patients who were ineligible or unwilling to undergo surgery. The primary endpoint was castration resistant cancer‐free survival at the time point of ≥50% events. The secondary endpoint was local event‐free survival. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses with propensity‐score analysis were applied.ResultsAfter a median (quartiles) follow‐up of 35 (24–47) months, 42 patients became castration‐resistant or died. The median castration resistant cancer‐free survival was 53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–92) vs 21 (95% CI 15–27) months for cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to standard of care (P = 0.017). The 3‐year estimates for local event‐free survival were 83% (95% CI 71–95) vs 59% (95% CI 51–67) for cytoreductive radical prostatectomy compared to standard of care (P = 0.012). However, treatment group showed no significance in the multivariable models for castration resistant cancer‐free survival (P = 0.5) or local event‐free survival (P = 0.3), adjusted for propensity‐score analysis. Complications were similar to the non‐metastatic setting. Patients undergoing surgery were younger, with lower baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels, alkaline phosphatase levels and metastatic burden.ConclusionThe present LoMP study was unable to show a difference between the two inclusion groups regarding castration resistant cancer‐free survival for asymptomatic patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. These results validate previous evidence that, in well‐selected and informed patients, cytoreductive radical prostatectomy is feasible and safe, with corresponding continence rates compared to the non‐metastatic, high‐risk setting. Whether cytoreductive radical prostatectomy could be a valuable option to achieve good local palliation needs to be further researched. Overall, the role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy needs to be further explored in randomized studies to correct for potential bias.
Pharmacological characterisation of mouse calcitonin and calcitonin receptor‐like receptors reveals differences compared with human receptors
Authors: Garelja Michael L. , Bower Rebekah L. , Brimble Margaret A. , Chand Shanan , Harris Paul W. R. , Jamaluddin Muhammad Aqfan , Petersen Jakeb , Siow Andrew , Walker Christopher S. , Hay Debbie L. 
Published: July 2021

Background and PurposeThe calcitonin (CT) receptor family is complex, comprising two receptors (the CT receptor [CTR] and the CTR‐like receptor [CLR]), three accessory proteins (RAMPs) and multiple endogenous peptides. This family contains several important drug targets, including CGRP, which is targeted by migraine therapeutics. The pharmacology of this receptor family is poorly characterised in species other than rats and humans. To facilitate understanding of translational and preclinical data, we need to know the receptor pharmacology of this family in mice.Experimental ApproachPlasmids encoding mouse CLR/CTR and RAMPs were transiently transfected into Cos‐7 cells. cAMP production was measured in response to agonists in the absence or presence of antagonists.Key ResultsWe report the first synthesis and characterisation of mouse adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 and βCGRP and of mouse CTR without or with mouse RAMPs. Receptors containing m‐CTR had subtly different pharmacology than human receptors; they were promiscuous in their pharmacology, both with and without RAMPs. Several peptides, including mouse αCGRP and mouse adrenomedullin 2, were potent agonists of the m‐CTR:m‐RAMP3 complex. Pharmacological profiles of receptors comprising m‐CLR:m‐RAMPs were generally similar to those of their human counterparts, albeit with reduced specificity.Conclusion and ImplicationsMouse receptor pharmacology differed from that in humans, with mouse receptors displaying reduced discrimination between ligands. This creates challenges for interpreting which receptor may underlie an effect in preclinical models and thus translation of findings from mice to humans. It also highlights the need for new ligands to differentiate between these complexes.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary).. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc
Children’s consent to child welfare services: Some explorative remarks
Authors: Pösö Tarja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, children consenting to a care order proposal is explored as a form of meaningful participation as seen by care‐experienced young people. In contrast to health care and research ethics, almost no research exists on children's consent to child welfare measures. The findings suggest that instead of approaching children as individualistic rights‐holders, a more relational understanding about consenting is required, both conceptually and in practice, to acknowledge the social, emotional and power relations in which children's consent (or objection) becomes topical in child welfare. Without that recognition, consenting may be far from meaningful participation.
There are no differences in brachial artery endothelial shear stress and blood flow patterns between males and females during exercise
Authors: Gurovich Alvaro N. , Rodriguez Lisa , Morales‐Acuna Francisco 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPremenopausal females have a lower cardiovascular risk than males. Sex differences on exercise‐induced endothelial shear stress (ESS) and blood flow patterns may explain part of this risk reduction. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the differences in brachial artery exercise‐induced ESS and blood flow patterns between males and females. Thirty subjects (13 females) were recruited to perform a three‐workload steady‐state exercise test based on blood lactate levels (i.e. <2.0, 2.0–4.0, >4.0 mmol/l). ESS and blood flow patterns were estimated at rest and during each workload using Womersley's approximation and Reynolds number, respectively. Both males and females showed an exercise intensity‐dependent increase in antegrade and retrograde ESS. There was no significant sex effect or interaction for antegrade ESS (F(1, 30) = 0.715, p = 0.405 and F(1·672, 60) = 1.511, p = 0.232, respectively) or retrograde ESS (F(1, 30) = 0.794, p = 0.380 and F(1·810, 60) = 1.022, p = 0.361, respectively). Additionally, antegrade blood flow was turbulent during all bouts of exercise while retrograde blood flow became disturbed at moderate and high exercise intensities in both groups. There are no differences in exercise‐induced ESS and blood flow patterns between males and females when the exercise load is equivalent. This suggests that the vascular benefits of exercise training are similar in both sexes from a haemodynamic standpoint.
Trotz einer großen Auswahl wirksame Medikamente: Psoriatiker scheinen immer noch untertherapiert zu sein
Authors: Pilz Anna Caroline , Zink Alexander , Schielein Maximilian C. , Hell Katharina , Romer Katrin , Hillmann Elena , Bäumer Daniel , Reinhardt Maximilian , Wagner Nicola 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDurch die Entwicklung neuer anti‐psoriatischer Medikamente und verbesserte Strukturen zu deren flächendeckender Einführung hat sich die medizinische Versorgung von Psoriasis‐Patienten deutlich verbessert. In dieser Studie haben wir die tatsächliche Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheitswesens untersucht und Gründe für die Unzufriedenheit der Betroffenen ermittelt.Patienten und MethodikDiese nicht‐interventionelle Querschnittsstudie wurde als anonyme Online‐Befragung von 12/2018 bis 01/2019 in Deutschland durchgeführt. Teilnehmer mit einer selbstberichteten, von einem Arzt gestellten Psoriasis‐Diagnose und Symptomen beantworteten Fragen zu ihrer Erkrankung, deren Einfluss auf das tägliche Leben und ihrer medizinischen Versorgung.Ergebnisse649 Teilnehmer mit einem mittleren Alter von 42,5 ± 13,7 Jahren und ausgewogener Geschlechterverteilung (männlich: 50,2 %) wurden ausgewertet. 54,1 % waren zum Zeitpunkt der Studie in ärztlicher Behandlung, 45,9 % nicht. Von den Teilnehmern mit medizinischer Versorgung waren 59,3 % nur mäßig oder weniger zufrieden mit ihrer Behandlung. Gründe für die Unzufriedenheit mit der Medikation waren unter anderem mangelnde Wirksamkeit und Nebenwirkungen. Von den nicht in ärztlicher Behandlung befindlichen Teilnehmern wurde “Zeitmangel des Arztes” als Hauptgrund für die Nichtinanspruchnahme ärztlicher Hilfe angegeben.SchlussfolgerungenTrotz der Verfügbarkeit effizienter Therapieoptionen in Deutschland sind viele Betroffene mit Psoriasis unzufrieden. Diese unterbehandelte Gruppe wurde als neue Zielgruppe identifiziert.
Fairness ideals in inventory allocation
Authors: Spiliotopoulou Eirini , Conte Anna 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe study fairness ideals in distribution systems where inventory is allocated to multiple retailers and there is supply–demand mismatch. In particular, we focus on (a) what is considered fair inventory allocation by retailers (e.g., equal profit, same fill rate, equal share of supply–demand mismatch?) and (b) how the supply chain context affects fairness perceptions. We consider an integrated supply chain setting where total inventory is allocated at the retail level and retailers may face either shortage or surplus, and a disintegrated supply chain where retailers may face supply scarcity when total demand exceeds available inventory. Our experimental data suggest that subjects, taking on the role of retailers in the same supply chain, are often motivated by fairness considerations: they claim for themselves inventory that is not exactly equal to their needs in more than one‐third of the instances. Across settings, “fair” allocations depend on retail demands rather than on profit comparisons, even when these are facilitated by a decision support tool. However, in cases of surplus, the most prevalent fairness ideal is that of equal split of inventory–demand mismatch, while in cases of shortage, the most prevalent fairness ideal is that of equal fill rates. Follow‐up experiments suggest that retailers under both cases of shortage and surplus are more likely to evaluate an allocation as fair when it is based on realized demands, and this is independent of whether it was determined by a rule or a human decision maker.
The association of inadequate lip coverage and malocclusion with dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vieira Walbert de Andrade , Pecorari Vanessa Gallego Arias , Gabriel Paulo Henrique , Vargas‐Neto Júlio , Santos Eduardo César Almada , Gomes Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida , Ferraz Caio Cézar Randi , Almeida José Flávio Affonso de , Marciano Marina , de‐Jesus‐Soares Adriana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground/AimDental trauma (DT) occurs frequently in children and adolescents. Therefore, understanding the factors associated with its occurrence in these age groups is important to establish specific preventive measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of lip coverage, overjet, and open bite to dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents.Material and methodsThe review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020156290) and the bibliographic search was performed in nine electronic databases until July 2020. The studies included were observational, performed in Brazil, with healthy children and adolescents (0–19 years old), and without the restriction of date or language. Two reviewers assessed the individual risk of bias of the eligible studies with a standardized checklist. The meta‐analyses were stratified by dentition stage and age range using fixed or random effects, odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure, and 95% confidence interval. The heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I² test and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence.ResultsThe search presented 2493 initial results, from which 55 met the eligibility criteria and were included. Most studies (67%) presented a low risk of bias and were published between 2000 and 2019. Children and adolescents with inadequate lip coverage are 1.86–2.36 times more likely to suffer from DT, while those with increased overjet are 1.94–3.11 times more likely. Children with primary dentitions and anterior open bites are 1.76 (95% CI: 1.20–2.59) times more likely to suffer from DT. The certainty of evidence varied from very low to moderate.ConclusionsInadequate lip coverage, increased overjet, and anterior open bite are associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in Brazilian children and adolescents.
Safety of the BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine in multiple sclerosis (MS): Early experience from a tertiary MS center in Israel
Authors: Lotan Itay , Wilf‐Yarkoni Adi , Friedman Yitzhak , Stiebel‐Kalish Hadas , Steiner Israel , Hellmann Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlthough the COVID‐19 vaccines are currently recommended for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), the fact that they were not specifically tested in people with MS raises uncertainty regarding their safety in this population. The purpose of this study was to report real‐life safety data of the BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine in a cohort of MS patients.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed to 425 MS patients. Participants were asked general demographic and disease‐related questions and specific questions regarding the safety profile of the COVID‐19 vaccine.ResultsOf the 425 MS patients, 262 completed the questionnaire. The median (range) participant age was 42 (22–79) years, 199 participants were women (75.9%), and 66 participants (25.2%) had associated comorbidities. A total of 198 participants (75.6%) were treated with disease‐modifying therapies. In all, 239 participants (91.2% of the responders) had received the BNT162b2 COVID‐19 vaccine. Of these, 182 (76.1%) were aged <55 years, and 57 (23.9%) were aged >55 years. Adverse events were reported by 136 participants (56.9%; 52.5% of those aged <55 years and 40.3% of those aged >55 years; p = 0.1517) and 36 participants (15.1%) reported new or worsening neurological symptoms following the vaccination, the most frequent being sensory disturbances (21 participants, 58.3%). Most symptoms occurred within the first 24 h after vaccination and resolved within 3 days. A total of 28 participants (77.8%) did not require any medication to treat their symptoms.ConclusionsThis survey indicates an overall favorable safety profile of the BNT162b2 vaccine in people with MS. These data should be confirmed in further prospective, large‐scale studies.
Differential behaviour and gene expression in 3D cultures of femoral‐ and calvarial‐derived human osteoblasts under a cyclic compressive mechanical load
Authors: Itskovich Yana , Meikle Murray C , Cannon Richard D , Farella Mauro , Coates Dawn E , Milne Trudy J 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the response of calvarial and femoral osteoblasts cultured in a 3D hydrogel environment to cyclic compressive mechanical loading. Human foetal femoral and calvarial osteoblasts were encapsulated in a semi‐synthetic thiol‐modified hyaluronan gelatin polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) cross‐linked HyStemC hydrogel. Constructs were subjected to a cyclic compressive strain of 33.4 kPa force every second for 5 s every hour for 6 h per day using FlexCell BioPress culture plates and compared to non‐compressed constructs. Cell viability, mineralisation, and morphological changes were observed over 21 days. BMP2, ALP, COL1A1, COL2A1, and OCN gene expression levels were quantified. Encapsulated osteoblast numbers increased and formed hydroxyapatite over a 21‐day period. Cell viability decreased under a cyclical strain when compared to cells under no strain. Femoral osteoblasts under strain expressed increased levels of BMP2 (53.9‐fold) and COL1A1 (5.1‐fold) mRNA compared to no strain constructs. Surprisingly, no BMP2 mRNA was detected in calvarial osteoblasts. Osteoblasts derived from endochondral (femoral) and intra‐membranous (calvarial) processes behaved differently in 3D‐constructs. We therefore recommend that site‐specific osteoblasts be used for future bone engineering and bone replacement materials and further research undertaken to elucidate how site‐specific osteoblasts respond to cyclic compressive loads.
Patient specific prediction of temporal lobe epilepsy surgical outcomes
Authors: Benjumeda Marco , Tan Yee‐leng , González Otárula Karina A. , Chandramohan Dharshan , Chang Edward F. , Hall Jeffery A. , Bielza Concha , Larrañaga Pedro , Kobayashi Eliane , Knowlton Robert C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveDrug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of epilepsy for which patients undergo surgery. Despite the best clinical judgment and currently available prediction algorithms, surgical outcomes remain variable. We aimed to build and to evaluate the performance of multidimensional Bayesian network classifiers (MBCs), a type of probabilistic graphical model, at predicting probability of seizure freedom after TLE surgery.MethodsClinical, neurophysiological, and imaging variables were collected from 231 TLE patients who underwent surgery at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) or the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) over a 15‐year period. Postsurgical Engel outcomes at year 1 (Y1), Y2, and Y5 were analyzed as primary end points. We trained an MBC model on combined data sets from both institutions. Bootstrap bias corrected cross‐validation (BBC‐CV) was used to evaluate the performance of the models.ResultsThe MBC was compared with logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards according to the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC). The MBC achieved an AUC of 0.67 at Y1, 0.72 at Y2, and 0.67 at Y5, which indicates modest performance yet superior to what has been reported in the state‐of‐the‐art studies to date.SignificanceThe MBC can more precisely encode probabilistic relationships between predictors and class variables (Engel outcomes), achieving promising experimental results compared to other well‐known statistical methods. Multisite application of the MBC could further optimize its classification accuracy with prospective data sets. Online access to the MBC is provided, paving the way for its use as an adjunct clinical tool in aiding pre‐operative TLE surgical counseling.