bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Stipulates Presence and Normalization of NAFLD In a Community‐Based Adults Enrolled in a Lifestyle Modification Program
Authors: Tomeleri Crisieli Maria , Kano Hugo Tadashi , Barros Layene Peixoto , Burini Roberto Carlos 
Published: June 2021

RATIONALENon‐alcoholic fatty‐liver disease(NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease in western countries and has obesity as its main risk and cardiovascular mortality as worse outcome. NAFLD might be secondary to environmental factors such as energy dense food and sedentary lifestyle.PURPOSETo characterize the effects of physical activity and fitness on the presence of NAFLD in a community‐based adults submitted to a Lifestyle Modification Program(LiSM).METHODSBaseline data from 1010 individuals, selected for the LiSM, from 2005 to 2017, were cross‐sectionally analysed for medical, anthropometry, plasma biochemistry, physical activity (IPAQ version 8) and fitness(hand grip, flexibility and cardiorespiratory‐Balke's treadmill protocol). The algorithm based on BMI, waist circumference (WC), triglycerides and GGT was used to develop the “fatty liver index” (FLI), which varies between 0 and 100 with a FLI ≥ 60 ruling in the NAFLD. Longitudinal analysis were undertaken in data from 583 subjects submitted to a 10‐wk LiSM intervention with daily supervised mixed‐physical exercises(5x/wk, 80min/session/60–80% VO2max) and dietary counseling. FLI values were splitted into quartiles for comparison with co‐variables. SAS version 9.2 was used to complete ANOVA and evaluated FLI quartiles(Q1–Q4). Tukey's post hoc was applied with significance level set at p<0.05.ResultsFLI quartiles were Q1(<36.5), Q2(36.6–59.8), Q3(59.9–84.7) and Q4(>84.8). Q4 was predominantly male, lower schooling, lower income and in (self‐ perceptive) bad health. Q4 showed also lower physical activity and lower aerobic fitness without changes in flexibility and strength. FLI correlated negatively with VO2max(r=−0.49, p<0.00001)values. After LiSM, 95 subjects had reduced their FLI from ≥60(M0) to <60(M1). In a (%)muscle mass dependent effect, VO2max determined the FLI responses to LiSM,ConclusionPhysical inactivity/aerobic fitness were risk factors for higher FLI, overcome by LiSM effects on aerobic conditioning.Support or Funding InformationSuported by CNPq and CAPESThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Assessing the Impact of Ethanol on Developing and Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Chiari John B. , Charles Jamie M. , McGinnis Courtney L. 
Published: June 2021

Zebrafish have been used for many years in developmental and reproductive biology, yet little is known about the adult zebrafish liver. Additionally, many of the mammalian liver cell types have yet to be characterized in zebrafish, including Kupffer cells, oval cells, and stellate cells. There is minimal information available regarding zebrafish liver transporters and nuclear receptors. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of xenobiotic metabolism in zebrafish to support their use as a model organism for studying the fate and biological effects of xenobiotics. The value of zebrafish as a model organism is based on a broad set of gene similarities (among fish species and humans) involved in metabolism and transportation of endogenous and exogenous chemicals. While there are molecular similarities between zebrafish and humans, there are also differences that may impact how compounds are metabolized. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to investigate and validate the assumptions that zebrafish possess conserved genes, enzymes, and processes involved in all stages of metabolism. This study investigates the impact of ethanol exposure on liver toxicity markers in adult Danio rerio and the impact of ethanol treatment on developing zebrafish. For the adult study, liver tissue from sham and ethanol injected fish were collected, pooled and RNA was isolated for qPCR. Relative expression levels for each gene were determined and normalized to β‐actin. Of the seventeen genes that were assessed, our results demonstrate a significant up‐regulation of the following genes following ethanol treatment: abcb4 (mdr3), abcc1 (mrp1), abcc4 (mrp4), abcc9 (sur2), abcg5, mate1, oatp1 and slc4a2 (ae2). Alcohol metabolism increases acetate production, a precursor for cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Historically, this increase in acetate levels driven by alcohol, is a contributor of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). This was demonstrated in a chronic ethanol exposure study of developing zebrafish from 10dpf to 90dpf, which displayed hallmark signs of hepatic steatosis. An upregulation in slc4a2, a sterol and cholesterol transporter aimed to eliminate dietary cholesterol, was found, consistent with the digestion of high levels of acetate. Furthermore, upregulation of abcc4, a prostaglandin transporter was found, indicating oxidative stress within the liver. Additionally, the upregulation of the other liver transporters is consistent with normal hepatic ion flow during xenobiotic metabolism.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effects of Whole Milk and Full‐Fat Dairy Products on Vascular Function in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Roy Stephen , Lapierre Stephanie , Baker Brett , Fico Brandon , Gourley Drew , Shah Jay , Delfausse Laura , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: June 2021

We have previously demonstrated that the solitary addition of nonfat dairy products to the normal routine diet was capable of improving overall vascular function. However, it is unknown whether whole fat dairy products mediate similar vascular responses as most of the available cohort studies do not support the association between full‐fat dairy products and arterial blood pressure. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of conventional full‐fat dairy products as part of the normal routine diet to improve vascular function in adults with elevated blood pressure. A total of 60 otherwise healthy men and women (mean age of 58 ± 2 years) with pre‐ or stage I hypertension (systolic and diastolic blood pressure: 120–159/80–99 mmHg) were recruited. They underwent a randomized controlled cross‐over dietary intervention encompassing 4 weeks of 4 daily servings of dairy (whole milk, cheese, or yogurt) and 4 weeks of a daily isocaloric non‐dairy control (coconut milk, orange juice, peanuts, and applesauce) provided by investigators. A 2‐week washout period was incorporated between the two dietary conditions to remove any residual effects. Body weight did not change throughout the experimental period. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation, an index of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation, did not change significantly in either dairy (5.7 ± 0.5 vs. 5.4 ± 0.6%) or control (6.5 ± 0.5 vs. 5.6 ± 0.6%) conditions. Central arterial stiffness, as measured by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, did not change significantly following either dairy (11.3 ± 0.3 vs. 10.9 ± 0.3 m/sec) or control (11.2 ± 0.3 vs. 11.0 ± 0.3 m/sec) conditions. When arterial stiffness was assessed using ultrasound‐derived distention measures, including carotid artery compliance, arterial distensibility, and elastic modulus (preliminary samples of n=37), the results were the same as no significant changes were recorded. Central arterial systolic blood pressure did not change significantly for both dairy (125 ± 1 vs. 122 ± 2 mmHg) and control (125 ± 1 vs. 123 ± 2 mmHg) conditions. These results suggest that unlike non‐fat dairy products, addition of wholefat dairy products to the normal diet do not improve vascular function in adults with elevated blood pressure.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the Dairy Research Institute.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Differential Sympathetic and RAAS Responses to a Low Sodium Diet
Authors: Babcock Matthew C. , Robinson Austin T. , Watso Joseph C. , Migdal Kamila U. , Wenner Megan M. , Stocker Sean D. , Farquhar William B. 
Published: June 2021

A common sodium recommendation intake target is 2300 mg/d; however the AHA has stated that no more than 1500 mg per day is ideal. Concerns have been expressed that reducing sodium intake too low could lead to maladaptive sympathetic and RAAS responses and some of this concern comes from studies where sodium/volume depletion diets were used (as low as 230 mg/d sodium).PURPOSETo assess the sympathetic and RAAS responses of reducing sodium intake from the widely recommended 2300 mg/d to <1500 mg/d. We hypothesized that this level of sodium restriction would stimulate RAAS but not increase sympathetic activity, since this level of sodium intake should not cause severe sodium/volume depletion.METHODSEight subjects (age: 25±1 yrs, BMI: 23.4±3.9 kg/m2, 4 men) consumed 2300 mg Na+/day and 1000 mg Na+/day sodium diets (order randomized) for 10 days each. Subjects collected their urine for the final 24 hours preceding in‐lab testing. Testing was performed on the last day of each diet. Blood samples were collected for assessment of catecholamines and RAAS hormones. Angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations were assessed in six of eight subjects. Subjects then lay quietly for 10 minutes while undergoing recording of beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (via photoplethysmography), R‐R interval (via 3‐lead ECG), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) (via microneurography).RESULTSTwenty‐four hour urinary sodium excretion was significantly lower when dietary sodium was reduced to 1000 mg/d (93±8 vs. 45±12 mmol/24 hrs, P<0.01). Resting mean arterial pressure was not different following either diet (81±2 vs. 81±2 mmHg, P>0.20). Reducing sodium intake to 1000 mg/d increased plasma renin activity (1.5±0.3 vs. 2.2±0.4ng/mL/hr, P<0.05), angiotensin II concentration (12.5±1.5 vs. 19.1±3.2 pg/mL, P<0.05), and aldosterone (11.7±1.3 vs. 20.4±4.6 ng/mL, P=0.052). However, reducing sodium intake to 1000 mg/d did not alter MSNA burst frequency (13.8±0.9 vs. 13.0±1.2 bursts/min, P>0.20), burst incidence (23.9±2.3 vs. 21.8±3.0 bursts/100 heart beats, P>0.20), or plasma norepinephrine concentrations (237±46 vs. 173±57 pg/mL, P>0.20).CONCLUSIONThese preliminary data suggest that reducing sodium from 2300 mg/d to 1000 mg/d stimulates RAAS but does not alter resting MSNA or catecholamines in healthy young adults. These findings suggest that diets as low as 1000 mg Na+/day can be consumed without stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH Grant 1R01HL128388This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Impact of Antibiotics on the Intestinal Microbiome and the Gut‐Brain Axis in Zebrafish
Authors: Bell Emily A. , Ball Alex G. , Deprey Kirsten L. , Uno Jennifer K. 
Published: June 2021

Anxiety disorders affect over 40 million adults in the United States. Current research indicates a correlation between antibiotic exposure and the onset of anxiety. Recent findings illustrate the microbiome's role in this relationship through the bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the brain, known as the gut‐brain axis. This study utilizes zebrafish as a model organism to examine the impact of antibiotics on the composition of the microbiome, and subsequently stress‐related behaviors. It is hypothesized that antibiotic treatment will lead to sustained changes in the microbiome and an increase in anxiety‐like behavior. Adult zebrafish were treated with antibiotics for one week then put through a net‐stress and death‐induced odors, after which, swimming behaviors were tracked. Intestinal tissue was collected and bacterial DNA was isolated to quantify total intestinal bacterial using qPCR. In order to assess stress hormone production, intestinal RNA was isolated and corticotropin‐releasing hormone binding protein (CRHbp) was quantified via RT‐PCR. Results confirmed antibiotic treatment induced a 20% decrease in universal gut bacteria in the treated fish (n = 12 p < 0.05) versus control fish. Antibiotic treatment also correlated with decrease in exploratory behavior, illustrated by a significant decrease in top tank entries (n = 12, p < 0.01) indicating treated fish were stressed. Moreover there was a corresponding 2‐fold increase in CRHbp RNA (n= 5, p < 0.05) signifying an increase in cortisol production. Interestingly, following reestablishment of the gut microbiome, fish demonstrated exploratory behavior as seen by an increase in top tank entries (p < 0.01), demonstrating a reduction in stress correlated with reestablishment of intestinal bacteria. There were no significant differences in CRHbp expression in reestablished fish. Collectively, these results signify a decrease in the diversity of the gut microbiome may elicit anxiety in zebrafish. This data warrants further investigation into the mechanism of the gut‐brain axis and how antibiotics influence microbial‐induced changes in behavior.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by Elon University.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Coordination of Homeostatic Functions by Intrascapular Brown Adipose Tissue‐ and Pancreas‐related Command Neurons
Authors: Butcher Sierra Morgan , Hamling Brooke Victoria , Desmoulins Lucie Delphine , Zsombok Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Preautonomic neurons located in the brainstem and hypothalamus influence glucose metabolism, food intake, and energy homeostasis through outputs to visceral organs. The existence of command neurons (neurons with connections to multiple organs) suggests that coordinated autonomic output modulates homeostasis. In this study, we identified command neurons related to the pancreas and the intrascapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) using isogenic strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV), PRV‐614 and PRV‐152, respectively. Co‐localization of the two PRVs identified iBAT‐pancreas command neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus in male C57bl/6J mice. Command neurons were also identified in the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN), a subnucleus of the lateral hypothalamus that serves as a conduit between the brainstem and hypothalamus and has previously been implicated in food intake and cardiovascular function. Since the pancreas and the iBAT are important for glucose and energy homeostasis, we hypothesized that stimulation of the PSTN modulates food consumption and glucose tolerance. A viral construct (stimulatory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) was injected to the PSTN. Following a fasting period, mice received an i.p. injection of clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO, 1mg/kg) to activate PSTN neurons 30 minutes prior to the reintroduction of food or a glucose challenge (2 g/kg). Stimulation of the PSTN increased food intake during the first 30 minutes of feeding. The average food intake in mice that received CNO was 0.052 ± 0.0076 g of food ingested/g of body weight, while the average in those that received vehicle was 0.0346 ± 0.0036 g of food ingested/g of body weight (p=0.0468, n=8). The average cumulative food intake after 6 hours was significantly increased in mice treated with CNO compared to vehicle injected mice (0.1386 ± 0.0177 g of food ingested/g of body weight vs. 0.0984 ± 0.005 g of food ingested/g of body weight) (p<0.05, n=8). On the other hand, stimulation of the PSTN did not alter glucose tolerance. The average area under the curve (AUC) was not significantly different among the groups (CNO and glucose: 1362.98 ± 60.52 AUC, vehicle and glucose: 915.37 ± 27.71 AUC, CNO and saline: 1156.51 ± 53.31 AUC) (p>0.05, n=8). These findings revealed that stimulation of the PSTN increased cumulative food intake but had no effect on glucose tolerance. In summary, our study demonstrates the existence of iBAT‐pancreas command neurons in brain areas including the PSTN and suggests that the PSTN is involved in the control of food intake.Support or Funding InformationNational Institutes of Health R01 DK099598 for AZBoard of Regents for BHCore Facilities (Tulane School of Medicine and Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Severe iron deficiency and manganese concentrations in the rat cerebrum
Authors: Yokoi Katsuhiko , Konomi Aki 
Published: June 2021

Severe iron deficiency is known to increase brain manganese concentration in rats. We studied whether severe iron deficiency affects dose‐effect relationship between dietary manganese and brain manganese in rats. Forty‐eight weaning male Wistar rats were equally divided into 8 groups and fed on respective experimental diets for 7 weeks. Four diets were iron‐deficient diet containing graded levels of manganese: one times, 3 times, 6 times and 9 times the National Research Council manganese requirement. The other four diets were iron‐adequate diet containing the graded levels of manganese as same as the above. After dietary regimen and 16 hour starvation, rat cerebrum was separated into striate, hippocampus and cortex (i.e., remaining parts). Samples were decomposed by wet ashing using nitric acid followed by hydrogen peroxide. Manganese concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by simple linear regression, general linear model and nonlinear regression. The model that gave the highest Akaike information criterion was selected. Except for hippocampal manganese concentration in iron‐adequate rats, manganese concentrations in the measured brain regions were significantly and positively correlated with dietary manganese level. For hippocampus and striate, a general linear model was selected. Iron deficiency and dietary manganese independently and significantly increased manganese level in striate. In hippocampus, iron deficiency significantly increased manganese concentration. Effect of dietary manganese was significant when animals were iron‐deficient. Exponential saturation model regarding dietary manganese was selected for cortex. Effect of dietary manganese was significant and iron deficiency increased the curve span approximately by two‐fold. These results suggest that severe iron deficiency augments increments of manganese level by dietary manganese in the rat brain region.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17K00877 and JP 25350137.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to the ingestion of caffeinated herbal tea: is it healthier to drink it cold?
Authors: Maufrais Claire , Sarafian Delphine , Dulloo Abdul , Montani Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2021

AimTea is usually drunk either hot or cold. The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and metabolic responses to the ingestion of caffeinated herbal tea (Yerba Mate) at cold or hot drink temperature in healthy young subjects. We hypothesized that ingestion of cold tea induces a higher increase in energy expenditure (EE) than hot tea without eliciting any negative effects on the cardiovascular system.MethodsCardiovascular, metabolic and cutaneous responses were analyzed in twenty‐three healthy subjects (twelve men and eleven women) sitting comfortably with a 30‐min baseline and 90 min following ingestion of 500 mL of an unsweetened Yerba Mate tea ingested over 5 min either at cold (~3 °C) or hot (~55 °C) temperature, according to a randomized cross‐over design.ResultsAveraged over the 90 min post‐drink ingestion and compared to hot tea, cold tea induced a decrease in heart rate (cold tea: −5 ± 1 beats.min−1; hot tea: −1 ± 1 beats.min−1), double product, skin blood flow and hand temperature and an increase in baroreflex sensitivity, fat oxidation and EE (cold tea: +8.3 %; hot tea: +3.7 %). Averaged over the 90 min post‐drink ingestion, we observed no differences in tea temperature on cardiac output work and mean blood pressure responses.ConclusionIngestion of an unsweetened caffeinated herbal tea at cold temperature induced a greater stimulation of thermogenesis and fat oxidation than hot tea, without eliciting any negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Further experiments are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of unsweetened caffeinated herbal tea at a cold temperature for weight control.Support or Funding InformationSwiss Heart Foundation
THE USE OF ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE MYOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF MUSCLE QUALITY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULTS
Authors: MENDOZA‐HERNANDEZ ALMA NUBIA , RIVERA‐ROMAN VIVIANA , CUAMATZIN LEONEL , ORTIZ‐LOZANO WENDOLIN 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients. There are new technique, Electrical impedance myography (EIM) for the evaluation of muscle quality. The composition myography has important features, the first is that the electrical current can be applied at a range of frequencies. Different tissues are sensitive to the frequencies. The second feature is that electrical current flows more easily along the muscle fibers than across them. This feature also allows us to discriminate muscle from other tissues.ObjectiveTo determinate the fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and Muscle quality (MQ) in adults and their relationship with quality of life (QoL).MethodologyInformation of the body composition was obtained by EIM and BIA, information was used to determinate FM and FFM percentages. Quality of life was obtained by EuroQol‐5D. Information of the dietary intake was obtained by 24‐hour recall. Statistical analysis included a paired t test, to determinate the differences between body compositon techniques; and linear regression analysis to determinate the effect of the MQ and the QoL.ResultsForty‐six adults (33 males and 67 females) were evaluated. The mean amount of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrates were 2200.1 kcal/d (SD=500), 65 gr/d (SD=25), 71 gr/d (SD=13) and 233 gr/d (SD=60), respectively; The FM as 33%, high, the prevalence in overweigth was 53%. MQ was good in 36%. The amount of EQ‐5D as 0.82 (SD=0.15). The MQ was entered into the linear regression model as a continuous variable, the QoL were significant (p=0.031)ConclusionElectrical impedance myography has a potent facility to measure the fat‐ mass and muscle quality synthesis, where body composition measure should be considerate. This nutritional dietary analysis indicate a protein deficit 15%, that makes available a free pool to replace the protein degradation when the amount FFM is adequate. Further research must be done in order to link the muscle quality and functionality to quality of life.Support or Funding InformationINSTITUTION: UPAEPThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.