bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant Dielectric Metagratings for Response Intensified Optical Sensing
Authors: Aoni Rifat Ahmmed , Manjunath Shridhar , Karawdeniya Buddini I. , Zangeneh Kamali Khosro , Xu Lei , Damry Adam M. , Jackson Colin J. , Tricoli Antonio , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Rahmani Mohsen , Neshev Dragomir N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe development of nanoscale optical sensors is desirable for a broad range of applications, including wearable medical‐diagnostics, biochemical detection, and environmental monitoring. Optical detection platforms based on resonant nanostructures are the golden standard for miniaturized footprint and high optical sensitivity. These sensors function by measuring a shift in resonance wavelength upon binding of analytes to their surface. However, such measurements are sensitive to intensity fluctuations of the illuminating source and its wavelength calibration, which limits their applicability. Here, a novel optical sensing concept based on diffraction measurements from resonant dielectric metagratings is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that this approach enables the direct measurement of unknown analytes with enhanced sensitivity and without the need for intensity calibrations. The intensified sensitivity of this metagrating‐sensor is derived from combining the resonant phenomena of the nanostructures with the tailored diffraction from the metagrating, thereby providing the highest sensitivity demonstrated to date amongst grating‐based sensors. As a proof of concept, the metagrating‐sensor was validated using an antibody binding assay, achieving a femtomolar‐level limit of detection. Due to their high sensitivity and robust performance, the proposed metagrating sensors pave the way for novel miniaturized medical diagnostics and biosensing applications.
Polymer Nanosheet Interfaced Bioelectrode for Skin‐Inert sEMG Measurement
Authors: Ito Marimo , Horii Tatsuhiro , Fujie Toshinori 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interface between skin and electrodes plays a major role in the accuracy and efficiency of biopotential measurements. For reliable biosignal recording, stable and low‐impedance contact is required between electrodes and the target tissue. Conventional wet electrodes (Ag/AgCl) are composed of metal electrodes with skin‐adhesive hydrogel. However, for long‐term measurement, direct contact between the pre‐gel electrode and skin causes discomfort and skin irritation, especially for infants and people with sensitive skin because of the adhesiveness of the hydrogel. In this study, a low‐adhesive electrode is reported by exploiting a free‐standing polymeric ultra‐thin film (referred to as a “nanosheet”) as an intermediate layer at the backside of the electrode, which reduces the adhesiveness of the pre‐gel electrode while allowing for surface electromyogram (sEMG) measurement. Intermediate layer of the nanosheet made from polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS), polystyrene (PS) or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is prepared using the roll‐to‐roll gravure coating method. The thickness of each nanosheet is varied from hundreds to thousands of nanometers, and the effect on the electrode performance is evaluated. The nanosheet‐modified electrodes with low adhesiveness are applied to human skin, which shows a good performance to detect sEMG signals of the forearm in a skin‐friendly manner.
Potential of Printed Electrodes for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Toward Membrane Fouling Detection
Authors: Goh Guo Liang , Tay Ming Feng , Lee Jia Min , Ho Jia Shin , Sim Lee Nuang , Yeong Wai Yee , Chong Tzyy Haur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), one of the techniques for electrochemical analysis, has been used for a wide range of applications especially chemical‐ and bio‐sensing. Besides, EIS is one of the few techniques that has been proven useful for membrane fouling detection. Electrodes are some of the most essential components for analytes detection applications with EIS. With the advances in printing technology, the fabrication of advanced printed electrode systems with miniature designs and improved sensitivity for electrochemical sensing is made possible. This review addresses recent advances in printed electrodes for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with the emphasis placed on discussing the use of printed electrodes for membrane fouling detection. Common electrode designs and materials for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are discussed, along with practical examples of these printed electrodes. The commonly used printing techniques for the fabrication of printed electrodes are also deliberated. The successful realization of printed electrodes for EIS requires careful design of electrodes, proper selection of electrode materials, as well as optimization of the printing process. It is expected that printed electrodes will be widely accepted for EIS sensing applications and will facilitate the creation of low‐cost high‐performance sensing devices.
Phosphorized CoNi2S4 Yolk‐Shell Spheres for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production via Water and Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Lu Xue Feng , Zhang Song Lin , Sim Wei Lok , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExploring earth‐abundant electrocatalysts with excellent activity, robust stability, and multiple functions is crucial for electrolytic hydrogen generation. Porous phosphorized CoNi2S4 yolk‐shell spheres (P‐CoNi2S4 YSSs) were rationally designed and synthesized by a combined hydrothermal sulfidation and gas‐phase phosphorization strategy. Benefiting from the strengthened Ni3+/Ni2+ couple, enhanced electronic conductivity, and hollow structure, the P‐CoNi2S4 YSSs exhibit excellent activity and durability towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution and urea oxidation reactions in alkaline solution, affording low potentials of −0.135 V, 1.512 V, and 1.306 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Remarkably, when used as the anode and cathode simultaneously, the P‐CoNi2S4 catalyst merely requires a cell voltage of 1.544 V in water splitting and 1.402 V in urea electrolysis to attain 10 mA cm−2 with excellent durability for 100 h, outperforming most of the reported nickel‐based sulfides and even noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts. This work promotes the application of sulfides in electrochemical hydrogen production and provides a feasible approach for urea‐rich wastewater treatment.
Catalysis with Supramolecular Carbon‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Xinxin , Zhou Pan‐Pan , Wang Yao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, we describe a new catalysis platform, supramolecular carbon‐bonding catalysis, which exploits the highly directional weak interactions between carbon centers of catalysts and electron donors to drive chemical reactions. To demonstrate this catalysis approach, we discovered a class of cyclopropane derivatives incorporated with carbonyl, ester and cyano groups as catalysts which showed general catalysis capability in different types of benchmark reactions. Among these typical examples, a challenging tail‐to‐head terpene cyclization can be achieved by supramolecular carbon‐bonding catalysis. The co‐crystal structures of catalyst and electron donors, comparison experiments, and titrations support a catalysis mode of carbon‐bonding activation of Lewis basic reactants.
Imaging of Cancer Cells and Dictated Cytotoxicity Using Aptamer‐Guided Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR)‐Generated G‐Quadruplex Chains
Authors: Jou Amily Fang‐Ju , Chou Yi‐Te , Willner Itamar , Ho Ja‐an Annie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDNA nanotechnology provides powerful tools for developing cancer theranostics. Here we introduce the autonomous surface‐nucleolin‐guided HCR that leads to the polymerization of G‐quadruplex polymer chains, in which the ZnII‐protoporphyrin IX is intercalated. We demonstrate that MDA‐MB‐231 (Triple Negative Breast Cancer cells, TNBC) with overexpressed surface nucleolin were able to induce HCR leading to the formation of the ZnIIPPIX‐loaded G‐quadruplex polymer chains, while the M10 epithelial breast cells served as control. The ZnIIPPIX‐loaded nanowires allow the selective imaging of TNBC, and their permeation into the TNBC leads to selective cytotoxicity and guided photodynamic therapy toward the cancer cells due to structural perturbation of the membranes. The aptamer‐guided HCR‐generated G‐quadruplex polymer chains may serve as a versatile tool to target TNBC featuring poor prognosis and high pathological risk of recurrence, thus offering a promising theranostic platform.
Template Guiding for the Encapsulation of Uniformly Subnanometric Platinum Clusters in Beta‐Zeolites Enabling High Catalytic Activity and Stability
Authors: Tian Yajie , Duan Haonan , Zhang Bofeng , Gong Siyuan , Lu Zongjing , Dai Lei , Qiao Congzhen , Liu Guozhu , Zhao Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubnanometric metal clusters have attracted extensive attention because of their unique properties as heterogeneous catalysts. However, it is challenging to obtain uniformly distributed metal clusters under synthesis and reaction conditions. Herein, we report a template‐guidance protocol to synthesize subnanometric metal clusters uniformly encapsulated in beta‐zeolite, with the metal ions anchored to the internal channels of the zeolite template via electrostatic interactions. Pt metal clusters with a narrow size range of 0.89 to 1.22 nm have been obtained on the intersectional sites of beta‐zeolite (Pt@beta) with a broad range of Si/Al molar ratios (15–200). The uniformly distributed Pt clusters in Pt@H‐beta are subject to strong electron withdrawal by the zeolite, which promotes transfer of active hydrogen, providing excellent activity and stability in hydrodeoxygenation reactions. A general strategy is thus proposed for the encapsulation of subnanometric metal clusters in zeolites with high thermal stability.
Reflections on school safety from a threat assessment perspective
Authors: Cornell Dewey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBehavioral threat assessment is a violence prevention strategy that can be adapted for use in schools. The Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines (CSTAG) is a form of behavioral threat assessment that is designed to recognize the developmental needs of youth and the mission of schools to help all students be successful. A multidisciplinary CSTAG team employing a five‐step decision‐tree will consider the student's intentions and the context of his/her behavior to distinguish transient threats that are not serious from the small proportion of substantive threats that require protective action to prevent violence. From a threat assessment perspective, schools are not as dangerous as the public perceives, but less obvious problems in the school climate such as bullying and harassment require attention. CSTAG teams are oriented to helping students with the conflicts that underlie their threatening behavior rather than responding with a punitive, zero tolerance approach. Six controlled studies have supported the safety and effectiveness of the CSTAG model.
Deacetylation of BmAda3 is required for cell apoptosis caused by Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection
Authors: Zhu Yajie , Hu Miao , Ngowo Jonas , Gao Xu , Chen Xi , Yan Huihui , Yu Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSilkworm is not only an ideal insect model with a biological significance, but it is also crucially important in sericulture and bioreactors. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a principal pathogen of silkworm. However, the molecular mechanism underlying BmNPV invasion is still unclear. Based on our previous acetylome research findings of B. mori after BmNPV infection, here, we focused on silkworm alteration/deficiency in activation‐3 (BmAda3). The acetylation of K124 and K128 were significantly reduced (0.66‐fold) upon the virus challenge. Due to the interaction between Ada3 and P53, acetylation‐mimic K124Q/K128Q and deacetylation‐mimic K124R/K128R mutants of BmAda3 were constructed to explore the roles exerted by the acetylation modification of BmAda3 on P53. Yeast two‐hybrid and IP results revealed that both BmAda3 and its deacetylation mutants (K124R/K128R) interacted with P53. Interestingly, we found that the deacetylation mutants (K124R/K128R) of BmAda3 significantly promoted the stability of P53. Since P53 is a proapoptotic factor, cell apoptosis was detected. We established that the deacetylation of BmAda3 at K124/K128 facilitated cellular apoptosis during BmNPV infection. Finally, viral proliferation was analyzed, and the results indicated that virus generation was reduced by K124/K128 deacetylation. Our report, based on the deacetylation of two lysine sites 124/128 of BmAda3, shows possible regulatory pathways of BmNPV proliferation and provides novel insights into the development of antiviral agents.
Using a massive high‐resolution ensemble climate data set to examine dynamic and thermodynamic aspects of heavy precipitation change
Authors: Yamada Tomohito J. , Hoshino Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Akihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between extreme precipitation and near‐surface temperature (precipitation–temperature relation) from two different perspectives, the rate of change of precipitation with temperature and dynamic (i.e., effect of the change in atmospheric motion) and thermodynamic (i.e., effect of the change in atmospheric moisture content) aspects, using a 5‐km dynamical downscaled hundreds‐year data set for past climate condition (PAST; from 1951 to 2010) and future climate condition (FUTURE; 4°C warmer than the preindustrial condition). Initially, using the observation and the PAST and FUTURE data sets, it was found that the 99th and 99.9th percentile hourly precipitation for each temperature bin (P99 and P99.9, respectively) paralleled the slope of the Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) relation for a certain temperature range over the Tokachi River basin in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan; however, both P99 and P99.9 decreased in the high‐temperature range. Next, we examined the cause of the P99 and P99.9 differences between PAST and FUTURE for each temperature bin by classifying dynamic and thermodynamic factors. The result showed that the thermodynamic effect dominates the differences in P99 and P99.9 between PAST and FUTURE, which means that the thermodynamic effect is the main component of the precipitation–temperature relation. Similar analyses were applied to the whole river basin, including the mountainous area. The results showed that the differences in P99 and P99.9 between PAST and FUTURE are mainly due to the thermodynamic contribution, regardless of plain or mountain area. Using such large model data sets, we could make a robust assessment of the precipitation–temperature relation and the dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to precipitation changes. Moreover, using the 5‐km resolution hundreds‐year data set enabled us to quantify the spatial distribution of such precipitation characteristics over a thousands of square kilometer catchment.
Brandschutztechnisches Verhalten von raumabschließenden Holzrahmenkonstruktionen
Authors: Scheidel Sabine , Dienst Sebastian , Götz Tobias , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRaumabschließende Bauteile in einer Holzrahmen‐/Holztafelbaukonstruktion werden derzeit über das additive Berechnungsverfahren nach DIN EN 1995‐1‐2 Anhang E geregelt. Dieses Berechnungsverfahren gilt in der Praxis jedoch häufig als zu konservativ, was zu einer Überdimensionierung der entsprechenden Bauteile führt. Daher wurde an der ETH in Zürich die Component Additive Method (CAM) auf Basis der DIN EN 1995‐1‐2 Anhang E entwickelt, die das bisherige Verfahren durch eine genauere Berechnungsmöglichkeit verbessern soll. Im Rahmen einer Versuchsreihe wurden das additive Berechnungsverfahren mit der Component Additive Method verglichen. Die Component Additive Method bildet die Grundlage für das im Technical Guideline „Fire Safety in Timber Buildings” beschriebene Berechnungsverfahren. Durch Brandversuche und FEM‐Simulationen wurde die Genauigkeit der beiden Berechnungsverfahren untersucht. Die sich ergebenen Bereiche guter Übereinstimmung bzw. teilweise deutlicher Abweichung werden analysiert und insbesondere auf die anzunehmende Funktionsdauer raumabschließender Holzrahmen‐/Holztafelbauwände bezogen.
Wärmebrückenberechnung für Bauelemente – Entwicklung vereinfachter universeller Ersatzsysteme
Authors: Schild Kai , Schild Bianca 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie Berücksichtigung von Wärmebrücken im Rahmen der Gesamtenergieeffizienz‐Bewertung von Gebäuden erfordert häufig eine detaillierte Betrachtung im Sinne von durchzuführenden Wärmebrückenberechnungen. Für Bauelemente wie Fensterrahmen und andere kann hierbei bislang auf die Referenz‐Elemente gemäß DIN 4108 Beiblatt 2, Anhang F zurückgegriffen werden. Diese führen jedoch zu einem recht hohen Arbeitsaufwand bei der praktischen Anwendung. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen war es, vereinfachte Ersatzmodelle für Bauelemente zu entwickeln, die anstelle der aufwendigen Referenz‐Elemente genutzt werden können. Auf Initiative des Verbandes für Dämmsysteme, Putz und Mörtel e. V. (VDPM) wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes [6| Ersatzmodelle entwickelt, die hinsichtlich des Wärmeverlustes (ausgedrückt durch den ψ‐ Wert) und der niedrigsten Oberflächentemperatur θsi,min zu Berechnungsergebnissen führen, die mit denen der Referenzmodelle vergleichbar sind.
Flankenübertragung von Hochlochziegelmauerwerk mit Leichtbau‐Trennwänden
Authors: Schneider Martin , Naumann Kai , Zeitler Berndt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie flankierende Schallübertragung wird bei massiven Bauteilen durch ihre Direktdämmung und die Stoßstellendämmung bestimmt. Bei flankierenden Massivwänden in Verbindung mit einer mehrschaligen Trennwand ist das Stoßstellendämm‐Maß bei durchlaufenden Massivwänden deutlich vermindert. Im Flankenprüfstand der Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart wurde die Stoßstellendämmung auf dem Übertragungsweg Außenwand – Außenwand an einem T‐Stoß aus Hochlochziegel‐Mauerwerk und einer Leichtbau‐Trennwand untersucht. Durch bauliche Maßnahmen konnten unterschiedliche Stoßstellenvarianten realisiert und deren Einfluss auf das Stoßstellendämm‐Maß ermittelt werden.Die Pegeldifferenz bleibt durch einen bauüblichen Anschluss der mehrschaligen Leichtbau‐Trennwand an die Hochlochziegel‐Außenwand konstant und das Stoßstellendämm‐Maß auf diesem Übertragungsweg wird für eine durchlaufende Außenwand durch den Mindestwert des Stoßstellendämm‐MaßesKij,minbeschrieben. Durch konstruktive Maßnahmen an der Außenwand im Bereich der Stoßstelle (Trennfuge, Beton‐ oder Mauerwerksstütze) werden die Schnellepegeldifferenzen und damit die Stoßstellendämm‐Maße erhöht. Ein Verkürzen der Außenwandlänge im Prüfstand auf bauübliche Längen zeigt, dass die Norm‐Flankenschallpegeldifferenz bei den kleinen Außenwandlängen deutlich größer wird. Mit diesen verkürzten Stößen ist die Messung des Stoßstellendämm‐Maßes zwar nicht mehr normgerecht, liefert aber konservative Werte.
A simple test‐based frailty index to predict survival among cancer patients with an unplanned hospitalization: An observational cohort study
Authors: Hembree Timothy , Theou Olga , Thirlwell Sarah , Reich Richard R. , Cao Biwei , Sehovic Marina , Syed Misbahuddin , Verma Neha , Nguyen Thu‐Cuc , Keerty Dinesh , Wesolow Jaqueline , Koverzhenko Viktoriya , Extermann Martine , Huang Jessica , Ramsakal Asha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, and predicts risk of adverse outcomes, such as mortality. Frailty can be defined by a frailty index (FI) using an accumulation of deficits approach. An FI comprised of 20 items derived from our previously studied test‐based frailty index (TBFI) and an additional 33 survey‐based elements sourced from the standard CGA was developed to evaluate if predictive validity of survival was improved.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐nine cancer patients during acute hospitalization were consented between September 2018 and May 2019. Frailty scores were calculated, and patients were categorized into four groups: non‐frail (0–0.2), mildly frail (0.2–0.3), moderately frail (0.3–0.4), and severely frail (>0.4). Patients were followed for 1‐year to assess FI and TBFI prediction of survival. Area under the curve (AUC) statistics from ROC analyses were compared for the FI versus TBFI.ResultsIncreasing frailty was similarly associated with increased risk of mortality (HR, 4.5 [95% CI, 2.519–8.075] and HR, 4.1 [95%CI, 1.692–9.942]) and the likelihood of death at 6 months was about 11‐fold (odds ratio, 10.9 [95% CI, 3.97–33.24]) and 9.73‐fold (95% CI, 2.85–38.50) higher for severely frail patients compared to non‐frail patients for FI and TBFI, respectively. This association was independent of age and type of cancer. The FI and TBFI were predictive of survival for older and younger cancer patients with no significant differences between models in discriminating survival (FI AUC, 0.747 [95% CI, 0.6772–0.8157] and TBFI AUC, 0.724 [95% CI, 0.6513–0.7957]).ConclusionsThe TBFI was predictive of survival, and the addition of an in‐person assessment (FI) did not greatly improve predictive validity. Increasing frailty, as measured by a TBFI, resulted in a meaningfully increased risk of mortality and may be well‐suited for screening of hospitalized cancer patients.
Optimal surgical timing and radiotherapy dose for trimodality therapy in locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Han James E. , Hasan Shaakir , Choi J. Isabelle , Press Robert H. , Simone Charles B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesData are conflicting on the effects of time interval from neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) to surgery for locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC). This study investigated the impact of surgical timing after NCRT and radiation dose on postoperative mortality and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified 3489 LA‐NSCLC patients treated with NCRT and surgery. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis (MVA) was used to examine the effects of surgery >7 weeks from NCRT completion on OS. Propensity score (PS)‐matched survival analysis for surgery ≤7 and >7 weeks was performed. Postoperative mortality was assessed.ResultsMedian OS for surgery ≤7 weeks and >7 weeks after NCRT were 56.9 versus 45.6 months (hazard ratio, HR 1.18 [1.07–1.30];p < 0.001). Surgery >7 weeks correlated with decreased OS on MVA (HR 1.15 [1.04–1.27];p = 0.009) and PS matching (HR 1.16 [1.049–1.29];p = 0.004). Time as a continuous variable correlated with OS on MVA (HR 1.003 [1.001–1.006];p = 0.0056) and PS matching (HR 1.004 [1.001–1.006];p = 0.004). Among 2902 lobectomy patients, the mortality rate for surgery ≤66 days was 5.2% versus 8.1% for >66 days (MVA HR 1.59 [1.02–2.49];p = 0.04). Higher neoadjuvant radiotherapy dose correlated with surgery >7 weeks and lobectomy >66 days on MVA.ConclusionsIncreased interval >7 weeks from NCRT to surgery for LA‐NSCLC is correlated with worse OS and lobectomy ≤66 days correlated with improved OS. Surgery ≤7weeks may improve tumor control, whereas higher mortality for surgery >66 days may relate to late NCRT manifestations. Neoadjuvant doses of 44–50.4 Gy may minimize risks of radiation‐induced lung injury and surgical complications and facilitate surgery within the optimal 7‐week interval.