bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modal Analysis Of Electrical Motor Casing
Authors: Srinivasan. T , Sharavanan. S , Naveen. E , Sethuvelappan  , Ramanan. P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Getting analytical and mathematical solutions for issues involving difficult geometries, loading and material properties, it is usually unacceptable. Analyticalsolutions that are given by a location in a body. This analyticalsolution usually needs standard or partial differential equations that are not obtained. Hence there is the need to rely on numerical strategies, like finite component strategies for acceptable solutions. Most sensible issues involve sophisticated domains (both material and material constitution), hundreds and non-linearities that forbid the event of analytical solutions exploitation numerical strategies. A numerical method, with the arrival of computer, is often used for the investigation and analysis of the results of varied parameters of the system on analyzed. It is price effective and saves time and material resources compared to the multitude of physical experiments required to realize a similar level of the understanding. The ability of numerical strategies and electronic computation, make incorporation of all relevant options during a mathematical model of a physical method not attainable without fear concerning its solutions by precise means. Those who are fast to use a computer program rather than think about the problem to be analyzed may find it difficult to interpret the input file to the computer program, a decent understanding of the underlyingtheoiy of the matter still as numerical methodology is needed.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Characteristics of Al7075/Al2O3/TiC Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Sai Baba E , Vinitha M , Krishna Prasad Dr D V V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present paper deals with the study and characterization of the physical and mechanical behaviors of Al-7075/Al2O3 / TiC hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) materials. The assimilation of dual particles like self-lubricated ceramic particles (Al2O3) along with hard particles (TiC) in the Al-7075 matrix is done using liquid stir casting method. The hybrid composite is produced with varying weight percentages of (8, 6, 4, 2, 0) Al2O3 and TiC (0, 2, 4, 6, 8) particulates. The produced Al HMMC materials are subjected to heat treatment (T6). The behavior of properties like density, hardness, impact and tensile strengths are analyzed based on experimentation. The obtained properties of cast Al-7075 HMMC materials are compared with heat treated Al-7075 composite materials. The dispersion of TiC hard particles in ductile Al-7075 matrix, predominates Al2O3 in improving mechanical properties because of its superior properties.
Optimization of EDM Process Parameters on Machining Characteristics of SiC and Graphene Reinforced Al 6061-T6nano-Composites
Authors: Ammisetty Saikiran , Ammisetti Dhanunjaykumar , Satyanarayana K. , Chitturi Suresh , Naik N.Sunil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aluminum composites play an important role in various applications due to their low weight to strength ratio, high corrosive resistance, etc. As reinforcement materials, Graphene and SiCnano particles were used. Since, they havea high melting point, young modules, strong electrical and thermal properties etc. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the non-conventional machining techniques widely used for the machining of hard materials such as composites. The aim of current work is to evaluate the influence of EDM process parameters such as peak current, pulse on-time, voltage and flushing pressure on machining of Aluminium 6061 reinforced with 0.5 wt% SiC and 0.5 wt% Graphene nanoparticles. Al-based Metal Matrix Composite was casted by using liquid processing technique i.e. Stir Casting. Taguchi’s Design of Experiments was used to evaluate the effect of process parameters on machining characteristics i.e. Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR) of developed composite. From the results it was observed that peak current is the most influencing factor on MRR and TWR followed by other parameters.
Strengthening of Flexible Pavement by Adding Recron Fibre
Authors: MalathiNarra Smt , Mallikarjuna V. , Revathi Ch. , Srikanth U. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Now-a-days, there is dire necessity for roads which aremore stable and stronger. Due to weathering conditions and heavy traffic, the pavement surfaces are getting deteriorated by rutting, pot holes etc. With the addition of this Recronfiber, there is an improvement in the properties of bitumen like increase in stability value and decrease in the flow value, % of air voids etc. Recron fiber is an artificial material obtained from the polyesterand which is also used as a secondary reinforcement for attainingtensile strength. It helps to resistthe cracks obtained by the improper laying of pavement surface and heavy loaded vehicles.
In the present study, various proportions of Recron fiber such as 3%, 6%, 9% and 12%are added to Bitumen to prevent the deterioration of pavement surface andvarious tests areperformed on aggregate and bitumen. From the results, it is found that, the flow value and % of air voids decrease and stability value increases. Hence, it is proved that, it protects the pavement surface from the effect of fatigue, cracking and deformation.
The obtained results show that 9% is the optimum percentage of Recron fiber to be added to the bitumen. For nominal bitumen mix, the maximum stability value is 12.07 kN and for modified bitumen (Recron added) mix the maximum stability value is 16.79 kN.
Effect of Nano Silica & Other Industrial Wastes on Strength and Economy of Concrete
Authors: Ram D. Aditya Sai , Ramya K Sai , Kamalakar D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The application of Nanotechnology in concrete has added a new dimension to improve its properties. Nano-materials. by virtue of their very small particle size can affect the concrete properties by altering the microstructure. In this study an attempt is made to analyze the effect of Nano-Silica on the strength of control concrete and replaced cement concrete. In replaced cement concrete. cement is partially replaced with the dolomite powder and fine aggregate with granite fine in different percentages. Workability and Strength tests were conducted on both the control concrete and concrete with Nano-Silica. dolomite and granite powder.
The replace percentage of dolomite powder 15% and 20% of granite fine gave good results. more than this percentage of mix the strength of concrete decreased. Nano-silica of different percentages 0%. 0.5%. 1%. 1.5%. 2%. 2.5% and 3% added to this selected mix (15% DP and 20% GP) and control concrete. The test results reveal that the replacement of Nano-silica from the replacement percentage of 0.5. the strength of concrete significantly increases with increasing percentage of Nano-silica upto 2.5%. The Cost of the replaced concrete increased as well as the strength also with reference to control concrete. However this is valid upto certain point. later the strength decreases with increase in cost.
The stable interfaces between various edges of hBN and step edges of Cu surface in hBN epitaxial growth: a comprehensive theoretical exploration
Authors: Zhang Leining , Ding Feng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
High-index Cu surfaces were broadly shown to be substrates capable for templating the epitaxial growth of uniformly aligned hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) islands whereas the mechanism of hBN growth on high-index Cu surfaces is still missing. Since hBN nucleation prefers step edges on a high-index Cu surface, the understanding of the interfaces between the hBN edges and the step edges of Cu substrates is critical for revealing the mechanism of hBN epitaxial growth on high-index Cu surfaces. Our extensive theoretical study reveals that both types of zigzag edges and armchair edge tend to retain their pristine structures on a Cu surface due to the effective passivation of the dangling bonds of hBN edges. This study paves a way to explore the growth kinetics of hBN on high-index Cu surfaces and also sheds light on the growth mechanisms of various two-dimensional materials on active metal substrates.
Anisotropic pseudospin tunneling in two-dimensional black phosphorus junctions
Authors: Choi Young Woo , Choi Hyoung Joon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the role of pseudospin structure of few-layer black phosphorus (BP) in interband tunneling properties in lateral BP junctions. We find that interband tunneling is critically dependent on junction directions because of the anisotropic pseudospin structure of BP. When the armchair direction of BP is normal to the interface, pseudospins of incident and transmitted carriers are nearly aligned so that interband tunneling is highly effective, analogous to the Klein tunneling in graphene. However, when the zigzag direction is normal to the interface, interband tunneling is suppressed by misaligned pseudospins. We also study junctions of band-gap inverted BP where the electronic structure is characterized by two Dirac cones. In this case, intervalley tunneling is prohibited either by momentum conservation or by pseudospin mismatch while intravalley tunneling is Klein-like irrespective of the junction direction. These results provide a foundation for developing high-performance devices from BP and other pseudospin materials.
Characterizing the effects of controlled temperature and relative humidity on liquid water transport behavior of cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric
Authors: Wang Yong , Qiao Qifan , Cao Jiqiang , Zhi Chao , Li Changlong , Tao Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Liquid transport (wicking) has great effect on the physiological comfort, since it directly determines the moisture management of fibrous assemblies. For elastic fabric structures, the wickability primarily depends on several factors, such as tensile strain and ambient conditions (e.g., temperature, relative humidity). The main purpose of this work was to systematically clarify the effects of water temperature and relative humidity on vertical liquid water transport of as-prepared cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric experimentally and theoretically. On the experimental side, the results indicated that our as-prepared fabric exhibited a water temperature-strengthening effect, while a humidity-weakening effect was produced simultaneously. In other words, a higher water temperature results in a higher equilibrium wicking height, whereas a higher relative humidity results in a decreased wicking height. Furthermore, the underlying wicking mechanism in each case was graphically unraveled. On the analytical side, the proposed Laughlin-Davies model turns out to be appropriate, it can replicate the wicking characteristics of fabric in both of these cases qualitatively and quantitatively. These findings are expected to provide a deep understanding of fabric wicking under a realistic regime.
Hydrogenation via a low energy mechanochemical approach: the MgB2 case
Authors: Pistidda Claudio , Santhosh Archa , Jerabek Paul , Shang Yuanyuan , Girella Alessandro , Milanese Chiara , Dore Maria , Garroni Sebastiano , Bordignon Simone , Chierotti Michele R , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work aims at investigating the effect that the energy transferred during particle collisions in a milling process entails on solid-gas reactions. For this purpose, the synthesis of Mg(BH4)2 from MgB2 in a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere was chosen as a model reaction. MgB2 was milled under a broad set of milling parameters (i.e. milling times and rotation regimes) and the obtained product thoroughly characterized. By proving the partial formation of Mg(BH4)2, the results of this investigation indicate that the energy transferred to the powder bed by the powder particles during milling is not negligible, in particular when the milling process is protracted for a long period.
Mechanistic insights into lepidocrocite conversion to hematite from variable temperature Raman microscopy
Authors: Liu Yutong , Zhang Jixi , Bodappa Nataraju , Smith Rodney D L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The consistent fabrication of high performance α-Fe2O3 photoanodes for the oxygen evolution reaction remains a challenge. We work towards resolving this issue by developing in situ variable temperature Raman spectroscopy as a means to better understand the formation of α-Fe2O3, using the conversion of γ-FeOOH to α-Fe2O3 under varied gaseous environments as a model case. The sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy to structural changes provides mechanistic insights that are not readily available in more conventional approaches, such as thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The Raman spectra are combined with conventional thermal analyses to interpret the photoelectrocatalytic performance of a series of α-Fe2O3 photoanodes prepared by systematic variation of a three-stage annealing protocol. The combined results suggest that protohematite, a form of α-Fe2O3 where trapped hydroxyl ligands are balanced by Fe(III) vacancies, forms between 200 °C and 400 °C in a reaction environment-dependent fashion. This protohematite is shown to be remarkably persistent once formed, degrading photoelectrocatalytic performance. This research advances understanding of the γ-FeOOH to α-Fe2O3 structural transformation, illustrates a powerful method to study solid state phase transitions, and provides guidance for the synthesis of high quality α-Fe2O3 from a convenient precursor.
Hydrophilic treatment for strong carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Cheon Jae Yeong , Ku Nayoung , Jung Yeonsu , Lee Kyunbae , Kim Taehoon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The hydrophobic surface characteristics of carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) limit their usage in aqueous systems. Herein, we report a surface treatment method for preparing hydrophilic CNTFs by attaching a sulfonic acid group onto the surface of CNTF. The introduction of a sulfonic acid group was examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The contact angle between the CNTF and water droplets decreased after a surface treatment to 22.9°, implying enhanced hydrophilicity. The nanostructure of the CNTF is rarely changed during surface treatment, so the surface characteristics can be controlled without losing the advantages of direct-spun CNTFs. Water infiltration was examined by measuring the electric double-layer capacitance of CNTFs. The capacitance of surface-treated CNTFs (140 μF cm−1) was even higher than the as-prepared CNTFs (21 μF cm−1), meaning that the interfacial area between CNTFs and water electrolytes significantly increased, and water can infiltrate effectively into the nanopores of CNTFs as a result of the surface treatment. The sulfonic acid group is more efficient than the carboxyl group in improving hydrophilicity and water infiltration. The surface treatment also enhances the specific strength of the CNTFs by 50%, which is beneficial for preparing CNTF-based devices. The hydrophilic CNTFs prepared in this work will be useful in preparing CNTF-possessing functional nanoparticles or in use in CNTFs for electrochemical devices.
Retrieval of building heights from ICESat-2 photon data and evaluation with field measurements
Authors: Dandabathula Giribabu , Sitiraju Srinivasa Rao , Jha Chandra Shekhar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Building heights play a vital role in the field of urban morphology and allied applications. Recently there is a push to retrieve building heights from the space borne sensors. NASA’s ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite-2 (ICESat-2) carries a laser altimeter on-board that produces geolocated photon events on various types of surfaces such as glaciers, oceans, land and canopy on Earth. In this article, heights of the sampled buildings in an urban area were estimated using ICESat-2 photon data. The elevation from the geolocated photons reflected from the surface (bare Earth) of adjacent sides of a building under investigation was considered as local datum; similarly, the elevation of the building is computed from the geolocated photons reflected from the building roof. These two elevation estimates were used to compute the height of the building. These heights were evaluated using the field measurements. The estimated building heights from the profiles of ICESat-2 data agree with the field measurements with an accuracy ranging from 8 to 17 cm and suggest the utility of using ICESat-2 data for urban studies, if accuracy tolerance is in the centimeter level, is acceptable.
Captive-reared migratory monarch butterflies show natural orientation when released in the wild
Authors: Wilcox Alana A E , Newman Amy E M , Raine Nigel E , Mitchell Greg W , Norris D Ryan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEastern North American migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) have faced sharp declines over the past two decades. Captive rearing of monarch butterflies is a popular and widely used approach for both public education and conservation. However, recent evidence suggests that captive-reared monarchs may lose their capacity to orient southward during fall migration to their Mexican overwintering sites, raising questions about the value and ethics of this activity undertaken by tens of thousands of North American citizens, educators, volunteers and conservationists each year. We raised offspring of wild-caught monarchs on swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) indoors at 29°C during the day and 23°C at night (~77% RH, 18L:6D), and after eclosion, individuals were either tested in a flight simulator or radio tracked in the wild using an array of automated telemetry towers. While 26% (10/39) of monarchs tested in the flight simulator showed a weakly concentrated southward orientation, 97% (28/29) of the radio-tracked individuals that could be reliably detected by automated towers flew in a south to southeast direction from the release site and were detected at distances of up to 200 km away. Our results suggest that, although captive rearing of monarch butterflies may cause temporary disorientation, proper orientation is likely established after exposure to natural skylight cues.
Moderate-to-Severe Tobacco Use Disorder and Discrimination Among U.S. Sexual Minority Older Adults
Authors: Kcomt Luisa , Evans-Polce Rebecca J , Engstrom Curtiss W , West Brady T , Boyd Carol J , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The dearth of research on age-related differences in risk factors for tobacco use disorder (TUD) among sexual minorities, particularly among older adults, can obscure the differential needs of sexual minority age groups for tobacco prevention and cessation. We examined the association of cumulative ethnic/racial discrimination and sexual orientation discrimination with moderate-to-severe TUD among U.S. sexual minority adults aged 50 years and older.

Method
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (n = 36,309 U.S. adults). Our sample consisted of 1,258 adults (lesbian/gay-, bisexual-, and heterosexual-identified adults with same-sex attraction/behavior) aged ≥50 years. Multivariable logistic regression analyses estimated the association of cumulative lifetime ethnic/racial discrimination and sexual orientation discrimination with past-year moderate-to-severe TUD and tested whether the association differed for adults aged 50–64 years versus those aged ≥65 years.

Results
An estimated 8.1% of the sample met criteria for moderate-to-severe TUD. Lifetime ethnic/racial discrimination and sexual orientation discrimination was not significantly associated with moderate-to-severe TUD for adults aged ≥50 years. However, a significant 2-way interaction was found between discrimination and age. In age-stratified analyses, greater discrimination was significantly associated with greater risk for moderate-to-severe TUD for adults aged ≥65 years, but not adults aged 50–64 years.

Discussion
Greater cumulative discrimination based on ethnicity/race and sexual orientation was associated with increased risk for moderate-to-severe TUD among sexual minority adults aged ≥65 years. Our findings underscore the importance of age considerations in understanding the role of discrimination in the assessment and treatment of TUD.
Psychosocial Stressors and Adaptive Coping Strategies in Couples After a Diagnosis of Young-Onset Dementia
Authors: Bannon Sarah M , Reichman Mira , Popok Paula , Grunberg Victoria A , Traeger Lara , Gates Melissa V , Krahn Erin A , Brandt Katherine , Quimby Megan , Wong Bonnie , Dickerson Bradford C , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Diagnoses of young-onset dementias (YODs) are devastating for persons with dementia and spousal caregivers yet limited work has examined both partners’ perceptions of challenges and coping after diagnosis. This qualitative study investigated the psychosocial stressors and adaptive coping strategies in couples diagnosed with YOD to inform the development of psychosocial support resources.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted live video dyadic interviews with couples (persons with YOD and spousal caregivers together; N = 23 couples). We transcribed interviews and coded data based on a hybrid deductive–inductive approach, with the structure of the coding framework informed by the stress and coping framework, and all codes derived from the data. We derived themes and subthemes related to psychosocial stressors and adaptive coping.

Results
We identified 5 themes related to psychosocial stressors: the impact of diagnosis, social and family relationships, changing roles and responsibilities, planning for an uncertain future, and couple communication and relationship strain. We identified 7 themes related to adaptive coping strategies: processing emotions and cultivating acceptance, promoting normalcy, efforts to preserve persons with YOD’s independence and identity, collaborative and open communication, social support, meaning-making, humor, and positivity, and lifestyle changes and self-care.

Discussion and Implications
We replicated several themes regarding stressors and adaptive coping strategies from prior YOD research and identified novel themes and subthemes related to dyadic stressors, sources of couples’ relationship strain, and the ways in which couples effectively cope with YOD. Findings inform the development of dyadic interventions to reduce YOD-related distress for both persons with dementia and spousal caregivers.