bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms affect bone reconstruction by regulating bone energy metabolism
Authors: Luo Beibei , Zhou Xin , Tang Qingming , Yin Ying , Feng Guangxia , Li Shue , Chen Lili 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetabolism is one of the most complex cellular biochemical reactions, providing energy and substances for basic activities such as cell growth and proliferation. Early studies have shown that glucose is an important nutrient in osteoblasts. In addition, amino acid metabolism and fat metabolism also play important roles in bone reconstruction. Mammalian circadian clocks regulate the circadian cycles of various physiological functions. In vertebrates, circadian rhythms are mediated by a set of central clock genes: muscle and brain ARNT like-1 (Bmal1), muscle and brain ARNT like-2 (Bmal2), circadian rhythmic motion output cycle stagnates (Clock), cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), cryptochrome2 (Cry2), period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), period 3 (Per3) and neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (Npas2). Negative feedback loops, controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, adjust these clock genes in a diurnal manner. According to the results of studies on circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, most rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are affected by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. The circadian rhythm regulates several activities, including energy metabolism, feeding time, sleeping, and endocrine and immune functions. It has been reported that the circadian rhythms of mammals are closely related to bone metabolism. In this review, we discuss the regulation of the circadian rhythm/circadian clock gene in osteoblasts/osteoclasts and the energy metabolism of bone, and the relationship between circadian rhythm, bone remodeling, and energy metabolism. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of regulating circadian rhythms or changing energy metabolism on bone development/bone regeneration.
Vector competence of Aedes aegypti and screening for differentially expressed microRNAs exposed to Zika virus
Authors: Zhu Chunling , Jiang Yuting , Zhang Qianghui , Gao Jian , Li Chaojie , Li Chunxiao , Dong Yande , Xing Dan , Zhang Hengduan , Zhao Teng , Guo Xiaoxia , Zhao Tongyan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans primarily by Aedes aegypti. Previous studies on Ae. aegypti from Jiegao (JG) and Mengding (MD) in Yunnan province, China have shown that these mosquitoes are able to transmit ZIKV to their offspring through vertical transmission, indicating that these two Ae. aegypti strains pose a potential risk for ZIKV transmission. However, the vector competence of these two Ae. aegypti strains to ZIKV has not been evaluated and the molecular mechanisms influencing vector competence are still unclear.

Methods
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from JG and MD were orally infected with ZIKV, and the infection rate (IR), dissemination rate (DR), transmission rate (TR) and transmission efficiency (TE) of these two mosquito strains were explored to evaluate their vector competence to ZIKV. On 2, 4 and 6 days post-infection (dpi), the small RNA profiles between ZIKV-infected and non-infected Ae. aegypti midgut and salivary gland tissues were compared to gain insights into the molecular interactions between ZIKV and Ae. aegypti.

Results
There were no significant differences in the IR, DR, TR and TE between the two Ae. aegypti strains (P > 0.05). However, ZIKV RNA appeared 2 days earlier in saliva of the JG strain, which indicated a higher competence of the JG strain to transmit ZIKV. Significant differences in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles between ZIKV-infected and non-infected Ae. aegypti were found in the 2-dpi libraries of both the midgut and salivary gland tissues from the two strains. In addition, 27 and 74 miRNAs (|log2 fold change| > 2) were selected from the miRNA expression profiles of ZIKV-infected and non-infected midgut and salivary gland tissues from the JG and MD strains, respectively.

Conclusions
Our results provide novel insights into the ZIKV–mosquito interactions and build a foundation for future research on how miRNAs regulate the vector competence of mosquitoes to this arbovirus.

Graphical abstract
Single-colony sequencing reveals microbe-by-microbiome phylosymbiosis between the cyanobacterium Microcystis and its associated bacteria
Authors: Pérez-Carrascal Olga M. , Tromas Nicolas , Terrat Yves , Moreno Elisa , Giani Alessandra , Corrêa Braga Marques Laisa , Fortin Nathalie , Shapiro B. Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCyanobacteria from the genusMicrocystiscan form large mucilaginous colonies with attached heterotrophic bacteria—their microbiome. However, the nature of the relationship betweenMicrocystisand its microbiome remains unclear. Is it a long-term, evolutionarily stable association? Which partners benefit? Here we report the genomic diversity of 109 individualMicrocystiscolonies—including cyanobacteria and associated bacterial genomes—isolatedin situand without culture from Lake Champlain, Canada and Pampulha Reservoir, Brazil.ResultsWe identified 14 distinctMicrocystisgenotypes from Canada, of which only two have been previously reported, and four genotypes specific to Brazil.Microcystisgenetic diversity was much greater between than within colonies, consistent with colony growth by clonal expansion rather than aggregation ofMicrocystiscells. We also identified 72 bacterial species in the microbiome. EachMicrocystisgenotype had a distinct microbiome composition, and more closely related genotypes had more similar microbiomes. This pattern of phylosymbiosis could be explained by co-phylogeny in only two out of the nine most prevalent associated bacterial genera,RoseomonasandRhodobacter. These phylogenetically associated genera could enrich the metabolic repertoire ofMicrocystis,for example by encoding the biosynthesis of complementary carotenoid molecules.In contrast, other colony-associated bacteria showed weaker signals of co-phylogeny, but stronger evidence of horizontal gene transfer withMicrocystis. These observations suggest that acquired genes are more likely to be retained in both partners (Microcystisand members of its microbiome) when they are loosely associated, whereas one gene copy is sufficient when the association is physically tight and evolutionarily long-lasting.ConclusionsWe have introduced a method for culture-free isolation of single colonies from nature followed by metagenomic sequencing, which could be applied to other types of microbes. Together, our results expand the known genetic diversity of bothMicrocystisand its microbiome in natural settings, and support their long-term, specific, and potentially beneficial associations.
Impact of gender on the prognosis of carotid body tumor after surgical resection
Authors: Hu Huanrui , Xiang Yuwei , Huang Bin , Yuan Ding , Yang Yi , Zhao Jichun 
Published: September 2021

Background Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms, but the prognosis of patients with resected CBTs has seldom been elucidated. This study was conducted to investigate the association between variables, especially sex, and the prognosis of carotid body tumor resection. Methods This was a large-volume single-center retrospective cohort study. Patients who were diagnosed with CBTs between 2009 and 2020 at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Their preoperative, surgical, and follow-up data were collected, and the association between variables and outcomes of CBT resection was assessed by correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and multivariate Cox regression as appropriate. Results A total of 326 patients (66.6% were females) were included. Males developed larger CBTs than females (4.3 ± 1.8 cm vs. 3.8 ± 1.4 cm, P = .003). Males were more likely to develop succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutations ( P = .019) and had worse relapse-free survival rates ( P = .024). Although tumor size and Shamblin classification had positive relationships with neurological complications and intraoperative blood loss, they did not affect the overall survival rate of patients, which was only influenced by remote metastasis ( P = .007) and local recurrence ( P = .008). Conclusions Compared to females, males with CBT resection were found to have more SDHB mutations and worse relapse-free survival rates, which may lead to the deterioration of prognosis. Tumor size and Shamblin classification cannot predict the overall survival rate of patients with excised CBTs. Graphical abstract
Diagnostic performance of PET/CT in primary malignant bone tumors
Authors: Abdella Ahmed Eid Fahim , Elshafey Khaled Ismail , Sherif Mohammed Fouad , Nagy Hanan Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Nowadays, PET/CT plays a substantial role in the diagnosis of different types of tumor by its ability to provide combined functional and anatomic imaging in the same session. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the added value of PET/CT in staging and re-staging of primary malignant bone tumors.

Results
Out of the studied 40 patients, 7 patients were referred for primary staging of different types of histologically proven primary malignant bone tumors, their FDG-PET/CT studies yielded additional diagnostic information in 28.6% of them. Thirty three patients were referred either for assessment of treatment response or for follow-up to detect any viable lesions; FDG-PET/CT was more sensitive and specific than CT in follow-up and assessment of treatment response with PET/CT sensitivity 94.4%, specificity 86.7%, and total accuracy 90.9% and CT sensitivity 88.2%, specificity 81.2%, and total accuracy 84.8%.

Conclusions
PET/CT was an accurate imaging modality in evaluation of primary malignant bone tumors regarding tumor staging, assessment of therapeutic response and detection of metastatic disease as compared to CT.
Ascertainment of Veterans With Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Electronic Health Records: Demonstrating the Case for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Alba Patrick R. , Gao Anthony , Lee Kyung Min , Anglin-Foote Tori , Robison Brian , Katsoulakis Evangelia , Rose Brent S. , Efimova Olga , Ferraro Jeffrey P. , Patterson Olga V. , Shelton Jeremy B. , Duvall Scott L. , Lynch Julie A. 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is among the leading causes of cancer deaths. While localized PCa has a 5-year survival rate approaching 100%, this rate drops to 31% for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). Thus, timely identification of mPCa is a crucial step toward measuring and improving access to innovations that reduce PCa mortality. Yet, methods to identify patients diagnosed with mPCa remain elusive. Cancer registries provide detailed data at diagnosis but are not updated throughout treatment. This study reports on the development and validation of a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm deployed on oncology, urology, and radiology clinical notes to identify patients with a diagnosis or history of mPCa in the Department of Veterans Affairs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using a broad set of diagnosis and histology codes, the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse was queried to identify all Veterans with PCa. An NLP algorithm was developed to identify patients with any history or progression of mPCa. The NLP algorithm was prototyped and developed iteratively using patient notes, grouped into development, training, and validation subsets. RESULTS A total of 1,144,610 Veterans were diagnosed with PCa between January 2000 and October 2020, among which 76,082 (6.6%) were identified by NLP as having mPCa at some point during their care. The NLP system performed with a specificity of 0.979 and sensitivity of 0.919. CONCLUSION Clinical documentation of mPCa is highly reliable. NLP can be leveraged to improve PCa data. When compared to other methods, NLP identified a significantly greater number of patients. NLP can be used to augment cancer registry data, facilitate research inquiries, and identify patients who may benefit from innovations in mPCa treatment.
Dose-Adjusted Etoposide, Doxorubicin, and Cyclophosphamide With Vincristine and Prednisone Plus Rituximab Therapy in Children and Adolescents With Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Burke G. A. Amos , Minard-Colin Veronique , Aupérin Anne , Alexander Sarah , Pillon Marta , Delgado Rafael , Zsíros József , Uyttebroeck Anne , Dartigues Peggy , Miles Rodney R. , Kazanowska Bernarda , Chiang Alan K. , Haouy Stéphanie , Bollard Catherine M. , Csoka Monika , Wheatley Keith , Barkauskas Donald A. , Adamson Peter C. , Vassal Gilles , Patte Catherine , Gross Thomas G. 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE A dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with vincristine and prednisone plus rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) regimen has been shown to deliver excellent survival for adults with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL) without the use of radiotherapy. No international prospective evaluation of this regimen has previously been reported in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted an international single-arm phase II trial involving patients younger than age 18 years with PMLBL who were to receive six courses of DA-EPOCH-R. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS). Overall survival and toxicity were also assessed. This trial was registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01516567 ). RESULTS Analyses were based on 46 patients. The median age was 15.4 years (interquartile range: 14-16 years). The median follow-up was 59.0 months (interquartile range: 52.6-69.2 months). Fourteen events were observed (eight relapses or progressions (including three parenchymal CNS relapses), four residual lymphoma, and two second malignancies). The 4-year EFS was 69.6% (95% CI, 55.2 to 80.9), which did not differ from the rate observed historically ( P = .59). Seven deaths occurred (six disease-related and one second malignancy). The overall survival was 84.8% (95% CI, 71.8 to 92.4). Twenty-two patients (48%) reached dose levels ≥ 4. Nonhematologic adverse events grade ≥ 3 or cardiac adverse events grade ≥ 2 occurred in 47 of 276 (17%) courses and 30 of 46 patients (65%). CONCLUSION DA-EPOCH-R did not improve the EFS compared with a historical control in this first prospective multisite international study of children and adolescents with PMLBL. Further studies are required to determine the optimum therapy for children and adolescents with this lymphoma.
Individual and Nationwide Costs for Cancer Care During the First Year After Diagnosis Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in Japan
Authors: Kishimoto Kenji , Kunisawa Susumu , Fushimi Kiyohide , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE: There has been limited information on the economic evaluation of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the individual and nationwide costs for cancer care during the first year after diagnosis among children and AYAs in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We estimated the direct health care costs for children (0-14 years old) and AYAs (15-29 years old) from the perspective of the public payer. Children and AYAs with newly diagnosed cancer between April 2016 and March 2018 were identified from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Study Group database to calculate the cost per patient. The nationwide cost was estimated by the bottom-up approach, using stratification by age group, sex, and cancer classification, based on Population Estimates and Cancer Statistics data. RESULTS: A total of 2,939 children and 5,512 AYAs were identified. The median 1-year cost per patient after diagnosis was 2,832,840 (interquartile range, 927,490-9,222,780) JPY (in USD: median, 28,047; interquartile range, 9,183-91,310). The median 1-year cost per patient was higher in children than in AYAs in all cancer classifications. Leukemia, treatment in cancer centers, and early death as well as longer hospital stay were identified to have an impact on 1-year cost per patient after diagnosis. The 1-year nationwide cost after diagnosis was estimated as 34.83 × 109 JPY (344.8 × 106 USD). CONCLUSION: We showed that cancer treatments for both children and AYAs were highly cost-intensive in Japan. Our results suggest the need for further financial and policy evaluation.
Lamb1a regulates atrial growth by limiting second heart field addition during zebrafish heart development
Authors: Derrick Christopher J. , Pollitt Eric J. G. , Sanchez Sevilla Uruchurtu Ashley , Hussein Farah , Grierson Andrew J. , Noël Emily S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
During early vertebrate heart development, the heart transitions from a linear tube to a complex asymmetric structure, a morphogenetic process that occurs simultaneously with growth of the heart. Cardiac growth during early heart morphogenesis is driven by deployment of cells from the second heart field (SHF) into both poles of the heart. Laminin is a core component of the extracellular matrix and, although mutations in laminin subunits are linked with cardiac abnormalities, no role for laminin has been identified in early vertebrate heart morphogenesis. We identified tissue-specific expression of laminin genes in the developing zebrafish heart, supporting a role for laminins in heart morphogenesis. Analysis of heart development in lamb1a zebrafish mutant embryos reveals mild morphogenetic defects and progressive cardiomegaly, and that Lamb1a functions to limit heart size during cardiac development by restricting SHF addition. lamb1a mutants exhibit hallmarks of altered haemodynamics, and blocking cardiac contractility in lamb1a mutants rescues heart size and atrial SHF addition. Together, these results suggest that laminin mediates interactions between SHF deployment and cardiac biomechanics during heart morphogenesis and growth in the developing embryo.
Halide Replacement Effect on Proton Conductivity and Vapochromic Luminescence of Pt(II) Complexes
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Imada Shin-ichiro , Yao Yuze , Nagao Yuki , Kubota Yuto , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new vapochromic, proton-conductive Pt(II) complex, [PtBr(tpypyH)]Br2 ([1Br-H]Br, tpypy = 2,2′: 6′,2′′-terpyridine-4′,4′′′-pyridine) was synthesized to improve the proton conductivity and thermal stability of the Cl− analogue, [PtCl(tpypyH)]Cl2 ([1Cl-H]Cl). The effects of halide replacement on the photophysical properties of the complex differed in the solution and solid states; the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption band of [1Br-H]Br in the solution state appeared at a longer wavelength than that of [1Cl-H]Cl owing to the stronger π-donation of Br−. In contrast, the metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) emission of [1Br-H]Br appeared at a shorter wavelength than that of [1Cl-H]Cl, which is consistent with the longer Pt⋯Pt stacking distance in [1Br-H]Br. [1Br-H]Br exhibited relative humidity-dependent proton conductivity and water vapor induced vapochromic luminescence; the conductivity was comparably higher than that of [1Cl-H]Cl, but slightly lower in the high relative humidity (RH) region above 80%, likely due to the lower hydration number of [1Br-H]Br. HBr release from [1Br-H]Br occurred at a higher temperature than HCl release from [1Cl-H]Cl, suggesting the superior thermal stability of the HBr adduct. This study demonstrates the crucial role of halide anions in attenuating both the vapochromic and proton conduction behavior of Pt(II) complexes.
Der Einsatz problembasierten Lernens im Blended-Learning-Studienmodell zur Erhöhung der Lernaktivität
Authors: Bockshecker Alina , Ebner Katharina , Smolnik Stefan , Anschütz Christian 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation mit ihrer Komplexität und Vielfältigkeit stellt Lehrende vor große Herausforderungen, geeignete Lehr‑/Lernkonzepte zu entwickeln. Zusätzlich ergeben sich durch Blended-Learning-Studienmodelle weitere Herausforderungen in Bezug auf die didaktische und organisatorische Umsetzung von Lehr‑/Lernkonzepten. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, ein Lehr‑/Lernkonzept vorzustellen, das die digitale Transformation sowohl inhaltlich als auch didaktisch auf Basis von problembasiertem Lernen, Gamification und virtueller Gruppenarbeit umsetzt. In der Gruppenarbeit setzen sich die Studierenden inhaltlich mit vielfältigen Konzepten der digitalen Transformation auseinander und werden darauf vorbereitet, die immer neuen und komplexen Aufgaben der digitalen Transformation bewältigen zu können. Es werden zudem die notwendigen Gestaltungsanforderungen dargelegt und die zugrundeliegenden Gestaltungszyklen kurz beschrieben.
The experience of being a mother with end stage renal disease: A qualitative study of women receiving treatment at an ambulatory dialysis unit
Authors: Álvarez-Villarreal Miriam , Velarde-García Juan Francisco , García-Bravo Cristina , Carrasco-Garrido Pilar , Jimenez-Antona Carmen , Moro-Lopez-Menchero Paloma , Palacios-Ceña Domingo 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundEnd-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has considerable effects on the quality of life, impairing daily activities and leading to lifestyle changes. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the experience of motherhood and taking care of children in women with ESKD.MethodsA qualitative exploratory study was conducted based on an interpretive framework. Participants were recruited using non-probabilistic purposeful sampling. In total, 14 women with ESKD were included, who were treated at the dialysis unit of a Spanish hospital. In-depth interviews (unstructured and semi-structured interviews) and researchers’ field notes were used to collect the data. A systematic text condensation analysis was performed. The techniques performed and application procedures used to control trustworthiness were credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data. “Coping with being a mother” described how women are faced with the decision to become mothers and assess the risks of pregnancy. The second theme, called “Children and the experience of illness”, highlighted the women’s struggle to prevent the disease from affecting their children emotionally or disrupting their lives. The third theme, “Fear of genetic transmission”, was based on the women’s fear of passing the disease on to their children.ConclusionsDeciding to become a mother and taking care of children represents a challenge for women with ESKD, coupled with the losses in their lives caused by the disease. These findings are only relevant to women on dialysis.
Arquivos pessoais de professores: o que guardam e o que nos dizem?
Authors: Xavier Libânia Nacif , Robert Mychelle Nelly Maia 
Published: September 2021

O artigo se remete ao Arquivo Pessoal do Professor Rubin Santos Leão de Aquino (1929-2013): professor de história de cursinhos pré-vestibulares da zona sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ativo mediador intelectual, tendo atuado em programas de rádio; sindicatos e entidades dedicadas à luta em defesa dos direitos políticos, durante o regime militar. Está dividido em quatro seções: a primeira reflete sobre a natureza dos arquivos pessoais de professores da educação básica; a segunda descreve o conteúdo do Arquivo em questão; a terceira articula as características pessoais de seu detentor com as marcas próprias de uma cultura profissional atinente aos professores de história do ensino médio; a quarta e última seção aponta os indícios e desafios que emergiram nas pesquisas que foram tecidas no diálogo entre a organização arquivística e as atividades de pesquisa com essas fontes documentais.