bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human rights approach to disability advocacy on sexual health and education
Authors: Önnudóttir Hildur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this part of the workshop we will present an example of best practices in advocacy for CSE for children and young people with disabilities. The International Federation for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (IF) represents individuals with spina bifida and/or hydrocephalus (SBH) and their families globally. IF's mission is to protect and advance the rights of individuals with SBH and as a part of that mission IF installed a formal international youth group to inform IF's advocacy on issues related to youth with spina bifida and/hydrocephalus (SBH) where sexuality, sexual health and the taboos and stigmas surrounding these topics was identified as a high priority topic for advocacy. IF will present the work of IF and its youth group, the implementation and findings of activities such as the survey on SBH and sexuality, focus group discussions and the 2020 IF event on disability rights and sexual health. With an emphasis on the role of young people in advocacy and how they were supported and empowered to address this important topic. How strong leadership from persons with SBH helped to open discussions about the challenges faced by young people with disabilities and how disability specific issues (such as incontinence) are often left unaddressed due to stigma and societal taboos. These discussions help to address the barriers to CSE for children and young people with disabilities. IF bases all of its work on the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and as such meaningful participation by persons with lived experiences, inclusion and non-discrimination guide IF's work on sexuality. IF will present how those principles elevated the discussions and the outputs produced by the activities. In addition, IF will present how this was achieved in collaboration with other representative organisations for persons with disabilities and the wider impact of IF's advocacy for individuals with SBH on the disability community as well as for health and social care professionals.
An introductory course on social identities and their importance in public health
Authors: Wandschneider L , Namer Y , Siepmann I , Khutan R , Otok R , Middleton J , Razum O , Selig S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Social identities - e.g., sex/gender, ethnicity, ability, sexual orientation - and their intersections shape health inequalities in societies. Yet, a systematic, critical integration into public health curricula is lacking, especially in the European region. To address this gap, we developed a curriculum on social identities and their importance in public health in collaboration with ASPHER.

Objectives
The curriculum enables students to identify mechanisms of privilege and oppression related to social identities, and to learn how to determine biases within public health structures (and oneself). Moreover, it equips them with tools and skills to address and change biases in their practices to ultimately reduce health inequities.

Results
We conceptualized the curriculum in an iterative and participatory process in a group of students, young professionals and senior researchers from different countries in Western Europe and North America. The curriculum covers three core elements: 1) the introduction of concepts and terminology on diversity, equity and social identities in relation to health inequalities, 2) the reflection on the role of public health professionals and their responsibility within this system; and 3) spotlights on specific social identities, e.g., sex/gender or social class. In addition, it provides guidance on teaching methods to empower a broad range of public health professionals to engage with the course materials more easily.

Conclusions
The curriculum has the potential to strengthen the capacities of future public health professionals to acknowledge the relevance of social identities and how to respond effectively to contribute to health equity. After piloting and revisions, the course will be made available on an open access platform.
Reflections on the presentations from the rapid Health Impact Assessment perspective
Authors: Green Liz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Liz Green is Consultant in Public Health, Policy and International Health / Programme Director for Health Impact Assessment at Public Health Wales. She co-authored a HIA report on the potential impacts from home and agile working on public health. https://whiasu.publichealthnetwork.cymru/en/hia-reports/
Mental health services use for depression: socioeconomic status, needs perception and affordability
Authors: Roxo L , Perelman J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is no clear evidence about the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health services (MHS) use. Those with lower SES may be less prone to recognize they need MHS, but they may access free health services. This study aims to assess the link between SES, needs perception and affordability of MHS, among depressed persons.

Methods
Data from the 2019 Portuguese National Health Survey were used. Among those depressed (N = 3,807; Personal Health Questionnaire-8 ≥ 5), we used gender-stratified logistic regressions to model perception of need and affordability (unfulfilled MHS needs due to financial constraints), as a function of education and income quintile, adjusting for age group and marital status. Health insurance was used as a mediation variable.

Results
Compared to low education, high-educated men lad lower perception of need (17.2%, OR = 0.46, 95%CI=0.44-0.47) and high-educated women had higher (31.3%, OR = 1.06, 95%CI=1.04-1.07). Men in the first income quintile were more likely to recognize need (34.2%, OR = 1.26, 95%CI=1.23-1.29). Among those with self-reported needs, affordability constraints were more likely among men with higher education (61.9%, OR = 16.9, 95%CI=16.0-18.0), and less-likely among high-educated women (24.2%, OR = 0.88, 95%CI=0.86-0.91). Those in the poorest income quintile were more likely to report affordability concerns (66.5%, OR = 16.3, 95%CI=15.4-17.3 among men; 51.5%, OR = 4.66, 95%CI=4.51-4.81 among women). After adjusting for health insurance, the disadvantage of those in the poorest income quintile decreased among men (OR = 14.9, 95%CI=14.1-15.8) and increased among women (OR = 5.00, 95%CI=4.84-5.17).

Conclusions
High-educated men seem more likely to report low perceived need and affordability concerns. Low-income individuals' concerns about affordability question universal mental healthcare and may contribute to wider health inequalities.

Key messages
High-educated men seem more likely to report low perceived need and affordability concerns. Affordability concerns are more likely among low-income men and women. That questions universal mental healthcare and may contribute to wider health inequalities.
Gender differences in depressive symptoms and perception of need of mental health services
Authors: Roxo L , Perelman J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Women are more likely than men to use mental health services use (MHS) when depressed. Gendered presentations of depression may contribute to explain this gender gap. This study aims to identify depression symptom profiles among men and women and to understand their relationship with perception of MHS need.

Methods
We used data from the 6th Portuguese National Health Survey, with 3,807 participants fulfilling criteria for mild, moderate or severe depression (scoring 5 or more in Personal Health Questionnaire-8). We used latent-class analysis to identify classes of depressive symptoms (using 8 symptoms from PHQ), separately for men and women. Afterwards, we characterized the needs perception (during previous year), by latent class.

Results
Latent classes identified among men were “Mood and somatic symptoms” (50.6%), “Severe depression” (32.9%), and “Somatic symptoms” (16.5%). Perception of need was low among those with more prominent somatic symptoms (8.1%), and higher for those with severe depression (42.4%). Among women, latent classes were “Mood and somatic symptoms with low self-esteem” (47.8%), “Severe depression” (26.9%), and “Somatic symptoms” (25.3%), and. Less than half (43%) of those with severe depression reported need of MHS, compared to 25.5% of those with mood, somatic and self-esteem struggles and 11.2% with somatic symptoms.

Conclusions
Less than half severely depressed men and women recognized the need for MHS. Somatic symptoms were less associated to needs perception, particularly among men. The need perception is generally low, even in case of severe depression, while gendered symptom profiles may impact MHS help-seeking behaviours.

Key messages
Depression is presented differently among men and women and that may impact mental health service help-seeking behaviours. While the need perception for mental health services is generally low, somatic symptoms were less associated to needs perception, especially among men.
Health promotion through digital means: Refugee women using video and social media in times of COVID-19
Authors: Mohammadi M , Wächter-Raquet M , Odukoya DQ 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Forced migration is particularly hard on women and families. On arrival in host countries, living conditions (e. g. accommodation in camps) and various restrictions connected with the process of seeking asylum severely restrict women's abilities to care for themselves and their families. Gender-based violence is just one of many problems. These problems are exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
As part of the EMPOW project at the study site in Hannover, Germany, community partners who are female refugees themselves, are committed to improving the health of other refugee women and families. To pursue this aim, a digital network was established using social media. Short videos were created in Farsi and Arabic addressing various aspects relevant to the health of refugee women and families. These include: a) information on hygiene and how to wear a mask to reduce the spread of Corona, b) activities during COVID related lockdown phases (e.g. games to play with children indoors and gymnastics and sports for adults), and c) further questions and answers on general health and health care.

Results
More than 80 women have joined the digital network within a few months. The videos are distributed and discussed using WhatsApp groups. The community partners collect health related questions from the participating refugee women, which are then answered by a medical doctor in Farsi. The groups provide an opportunity for mutual exchange and advice regarding women's health and the wellbeing of families.

Conclusions
Digital means including short, self-made videos and social media such as WhatsApp groups are valuable means for participatory health promotion with refugee women. Limitations of the digital format are discussed.

Main messages
Refugee women can be reached via social media messages and short video clips. Peer-based health promotion holds great value for women and families affected by forced migration.
Health Information Portal - One-stop-shop for health information
Authors: Tolonen H , Zaletel M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
A vast amount of health information in the form of data sources, experts, research networks, and tools related to collection, use and knowledge transfer of health information exists in EU Member States (MSs) but this information is scattered around and often difficult to find. Researchers and policy makers don't have a centralized place where information could be easily obtained. This hampers effective use of existing information and materials for research and evidence informed policy making.

Methods
There is a need for a centralized place where different components of health information can be easily found. Information should be described in structured, standardized format to allow comparisons and searchability.

Results
InfAct and PHIRI have established the Health Information Portal (HIP, healthinformationportal.eu), a one-stop-shop for health information. This portal brings together health information from different EU MSs and research networks and projects as well as from international organizations. HIP has catalogues on health information data sources, research networks, national nodes, health information initiatives and projects, health information related publications and guidelines including legal and ethical guidelines, and available capacity building activities. These catalogues are searchable and support open and fair access to the health information.

Conclusions
The Health Information Portal will facilitate secondary use of existing health information data for research and evidence informed policy making. Through HIP, researchers can find experts from different domains of health information as well as existing tools for data collection, analysis and knowledge transfer. It also facilitates health information capacity building within the EU. Aim is to support a more effective, also more cost-effective, health research environment which can enhance population health and healthcare in the EU, and through that productivity and European economy.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among university students: how worrying is it? An Italian survey
Authors: Baccolini V , Migliara G , Renzi E , Isonne C , Massimi A , De Vito C , Marzuillo C , Villari P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
With the availability of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine hesitancy (VH) poses a great challenge to achieving herd immunity. Since young adults are usually asymptomatic, they may be less inclined to follow social distancing and mask-wearing guidelines. This study aimed at (i) quantifying VH among university students and (ii) investigating its determinants to identify barriers and predisposing factors to COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods
Students physically attending Sapienza University of Rome during April 2021 were invited to take part in an online survey. The questionnaire explored sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 experience, attitude towards preventive measures, and COVID-19 vaccination. Hesitancy was measured as the complement to 10 of students' intention to get vaccinated and was modeled through zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis.

Results
Overall, 1949 students were surveyed. Most were females (59.9%) and aged 23.8±4.9 years on average. A great proportion reported no (76.8%) or slight hesitancy (15.7%). At multivariable analysis, in the count part, being more scared for the pandemic (IRR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.89-0.98), rating COVID-19 as more severe (IRR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.89-0.98) and being Italian rather than non-Italian (IRR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.54-0.85) were associated with lower VH, but no influence was found for age, sex, self-perceived risk of infection, and being a medical student. In the logit part, rating the vaccines as safe (b: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.75-1.10) or effective (b: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.14-0.45) decreased the likelihood of being hesitant.

Conclusions
A few factors seemed to influence the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, including vaccine safety and effectiveness. Hence, attention should be given to planning effective communication about the vaccine profile in order to maintain and improve the public's confidence. Also, partnerships should be established among the stakeholders to ensure coordinated information sharing and dissemination.

Key messages
Almost one-quarter of the surveyed students reported VH to some extent, and a few factors seemed to play a role in the vaccination decision-making process. Among others, the perceived vaccine safety and effectiveness seemed to influence VH. Attention should be given to planning effective communication about the vaccines’ profile.
The Road to eHealth in Estonia: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Tiik M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Estonia has one of the leading eHealth solutions in Europe. Since its inception in 2008, it has been further developed to include new services, integrate private sector partners and Blockchain technology for system access and data integrity. This presentation will discuss the extensive progress and current developments in relation to eHealth and information sharing in Estonia, the factors that have been fundamental in achieving strategic goals in relation to eHealth, and future opportunities and challenges for eHealth in Estonia and across Europe. Strong national leadership that coordinates the actions of various stakeholders and finds a balance between patient autonomy and personal data use and societal benefits has been essential. Patient engagement and trust building was a core component from the beginning. There has been a specific focus on addressing digital literacy concerns and implementing strict legislation for data misuse to build trust. Realising the potential benefits of eHealth depends on the completeness and quality of the data. Continued engagement with healthcare professionals and organisations are needed to understand and address their concerns in relation to design and functionality, financial cost, and sharing information with patients. The implementation of eHealth systems internationally paves the way for the creation of a unique international health account number. Artificial intelligence offers a potential solution of addressing the complexity of healthcare and may contribute to a more efficient and effective patient experience. Careful consideration is needed in relation to consent management and developing appropriate and transferable standards.
Changes in food-related practices among families in Ireland as a consequence of COVID-19
Authors: Vaughan E , Spyreli E , Woodside J , McKinley M , Kelly C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an inordinate influence on people's lives, including impacts on food behaviours. This study explored the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and ensuing public health restrictions on food-related practices of families living on a tight budget on the Island of Ireland.

Methods
Photovoice and creative mapping methods were used whereby parents were requested to take photos of factors influencing food-related decisions and draw maps of their food environments. These items were then used during qualitative interviews with 28 parents from across the Island of Ireland as a reference for discussions around the food environment and food decision-making processes of economically disadvantaged parents. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis.

Results
The findings were situated in Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecological Theoretical framework, conceptualising the COVID-19 crisis as an exogenous socio-historical factor that exerted significant influence on the food-related practices of families in Ireland. The pandemic and responses to it altered patterns of food purchasing, preparation, decision-making and consumption. Changes to practices included increased unhealthy snacking and grazing and consuming fewer meals outside the home. Participants on particularly low incomes relied more on benefits and subsidised food sources and consumed more cheap, processed and frozen foods.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on dietary habits. The observed changes to food practices may compound food insecurity and already high levels of obesity, particularly among children and young people, and have future implications on prevalence of nutrition-related conditions. This highlights the need for healthcare professionals and policy-makers to be cognisant of the mounting health issues that will need to be addressed in the wake of COVID-19.

Key messages
The COVID-19 crisis significantly impacted on family food related behaviours in Ireland. Post-COVID health promoters should re-focus efforts on healthy eating initiatives.
6.M. Workshop: Moral distress and moral injury in the public health community in times of COVID-19
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-PMH,   Chair persons: Dineke Zeegers Paget (EUPHA), Jutta Lindert (EUPHA-PMH)
Published: October 2021

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health professionals endured moral distress and moral injury. Whereas many stories about moral distress in hospitals and care facilities were shared, little is known about moral injury among health care personnel and among public health professionals. This workshop wants to offer an opportunity to open a conversation about moral injury in general, in health care personnel and in in public health experts. The public health community should not shy away from openly discussing moral injury and moral distress due to the the Covid-19 pandemic. It is necessary to collect the stories about the situations where members of the public health community were hindered in doing what was the ethically appropriate action due to circumstances beyond their control.
Objectives of this workshop are:
Clarifying the concept of moral injury and moral distress Understanding what ‘ethically appropriate actions' are in times of a pandemic Offering a platform for sharing stories of moral distress

Key messages
Moral distress and moral injury are potential modifiable mental conditions in times of disaster and stress Identifying determinants of moral distress and moral injury is necessary to optimize Public health responses to disasters
Moral injury and moral distress
Authors: Lindert J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Individuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Despite interest, there is no consensus definition of moral injury. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel, veterans, has proliferated. The scientific study of moral injury began 2009 with the definition that moral injurious events are those that entail “perpetrating, failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations”. These events include betrayal. Moral injury can have impact on symptoms of symptoms such as mental distress, posttraumatic symptoms, suicidal behavior, substance abuse, demoralization and hopelessness and interpersonal problems and loss of trust. For this study, conceptualize moral injury as both, the extent to which individuals appraise themselves as having committed moral violations and b) the extent to which individuals appraise themselves as victims of other betrayal or transgressive behavior. We reviewed scientific research about moral injury among healthcare personnel and the general public during the COVID - pandemic. Moral injury among healthcare personnel was related to exposure to severely ill patients and lack of support. Moral injury among the general public needs more research. To support healing in the aftermath of the COVID -19 pandemic it will be necessary to clearly define moral injury and identify potentially morally injuries events during the pandemic.