bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital health needs for implementing high-quality primary care: recommendations from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Authors: Krist Alex H , Phillips Robert , Leykum Luci , Olmedo Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committee developed a plan to implement high-quality primary care. One of the 5 key objectives was designing information technology that serves the patient, family, and interprofessional care team. The committee defined high-quality primary care as the provision of whole person, integrated, accessible, and equitable healthcare by interprofessional teams who are accountable for addressing most of an individual’s health across settings and through sustained relationships. The committee recommended 2 essential actions for digital health. The first action is developing the next phase of digital health certification standards that support relationship-based, continuous, person-centered care; simplify user experience; ensure equitable access; and hold vendors accountable. Second, the committee recommended adopting a comprehensive aggregate patient data system usable by any certified digital health tool. This article reviews primary care’s digital health needs and describes successful digital health for primary care.
Revealing Unknown Controlled Substances and New Psychoactive Substances Using High-Resolution LC–MS-MS Machine Learning Models and the Hybrid Similarity Search Algorithm
Authors: Lee So Yeon , Lee Sang Tak , Suh Sungill , Ko Bum Jun , Oh Han Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC--MS-MS)-based machine learning models are constructed to address the analytical challenge of identifying unknown controlled substances and new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Using a training set composed of 770 LC–MS-MS barcode spectra (with binary entries 0 or 1) obtained generally by high-resolution mass spectrometers, three classification machine learning models were generated and evaluated. The three models are artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) models. In these models, controlled substances and NPSs were classified into 13 subgroups (benzylpiperazine, opiate, benzodiazepine, amphetamine, cocaine, methcathinone, classical cannabinoid, fentanyl, 2C series, indazole carbonyl compound, indole carbonyl compound, phencyclidine and others). Using 193 LC–MS-MS barcode spectra as an external test set, accuracy of the ANN, SVM and k-NN models were evaluated as 72.5%, 90.0% and 94.3%, respectively. Also, the hybrid similarity search (HSS) algorithm was evaluated to examine whether this algorithm can successfully identify unknown controlled substances and NPSs whose data are unavailable in the database. When only 24 representative LC–MS-MS spectra of controlled substances and NPSs were selectively included in the database, it was found that HSS can successfully identify compounds with high reliability. The machine learning models and HSS algorithms are incorporated into our home-coded artificial intelligence screener for narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances standalone software that is equipped with a graphic user interface. The use of this software allows unknown controlled substances and NPSs to be identified in a convenient manner.
Effects of cryptochrome-modulating compounds on circadian behavioural rhythms in zebrafish
Authors: Iida Mui , Nakane Yusuke , Yoshimura Takashi , Hirota Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The circadian clock controls daily rhythms of various physiological processes, and impairment of its function causes many diseases including sleep disorders. Chemical compounds that regulate clock function are expected to be applied for treatment of circadian clock-related diseases. We previously identified small-molecule compounds KL001, KL101 and TH301 that lengthen the period of cellular circadian clock by directly targeting clock proteins cryptochromes (CRYs) in mammals. KL001 targets both CRY1 and CRY2 isoforms, while KL101 and TH301 are isoform-selective compounds and require CRY C-terminal region for their effects. For further application of these compounds, the effects on locomotor activity rhythms at the organismal level need to be investigated. Here we used zebrafish larvae as an in vivo model system and found that KL001 lengthened the period of locomotor activity rhythms in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, KL101 and TH301 showed no effect on the period. The amino acid sequences of CRY C-terminal regions are diverged in zebrafish and mammals, supporting the importance of this region for the effects of KL101 and TH301. This study demonstrated efficacy of CRY modulation for controlling circadian behavioural rhythms in organisms and suggested species-dependent differences in the effects of isoform-selective CRY-modulating compounds.
Selling Time: Multiple Temporalities in the Promotion of Danish Design Classics
Authors: Munch Anders V , Jensen Hans-Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The promotion of design classics was established in Denmark in the 1960s, turning Danish Modern into a tradition, and today it is carried out through institutionalized discourses and multiple temporalities, as we show in the cases of the Wishbone Chair and the Vipp brand. There has been much critique of the canonization of design classics, but little research literature on the concept itself, compared to related concepts such as icons or retro. Drawing on theories from design historiography, sociology, material culture studies and the hermeneutic philosophy of history to examine ageing objects, temporal values and non-synchronicity, these cases sketch multiple layers of temporality, offering very different experiences and values depending on how much engagement, knowledge and time the consumer might be able to invest. That classics are mainly praised as timeless objects stands against a promotion loaded with temporal layers of age, memory and history.
Renegotiating Sectarian Space through the Realia and Monasteries of Early Medieval Bengal
Authors: Fleming Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article considers the practices about ‘the special dead’ related to the monastery at Pāhāṛpur (‘Hill--town’) in the Rājshāhī region of North--Western Bangladesh. This Early Medieval community was rich in religious diversity from the Gupta to Pāla periods—dense with evidence of Jain, Hindu, and Buddhist activity. There are a number of stūpa structures throughout the grounds for the burial of revered teachers and leaders such that the living comingled with the dead in an academic and religious setting. The Pāla era monastery was dedicated to advanced learning, meditation, worship, student housing, and burial. At the centre of the monastery is a large stūpa that has been celebrated widely for its diverse imagery in the form of terracotta plaques and relief sculptures with Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain themes. This article focuses on the reception history of this site and especially on its unique role as a mediator of religious voices from the region’s past. Under Dharmapāla, the site became branded as Buddhist as part of a broader imperial effort to promote Buddhist networks. Locally, however, the site maintained and promoted relationships to Hindu and Jain communities as well as Buddhist ones. Its endurance as a sacred site through complex interreligious permutations is intriguing though not surprising. Death and learning were not separated. Evidence from Pāhāṛpur raises questions about the communities who lived there as well as our understanding of their approach to death in practice in the Bengal region.
The Professional Market of International Criminal Justice
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the division of labour and patterns of elite reproduction that characterize international criminal justice as a market of services. Using a sociological framework and building on empirical data on 996 professional agents, the analysis outlines how the market in and around the international criminal courts is structured by three different social groups that dominate the formal roles of judges, prosecutors and defence counsel. The article investigates the relative positionality of these groups highlighting the low degree of mobility between them. It also demonstrates the reproduction of male, global north professionals at the top of these groups, pointing towards intersectional dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in this market. To deepen the analysis of divisions of labour and reproduction of status, the article turns to a closer analysis of the patterns of expertise upon which elite status is built and how it links the three groups to the wider market of international criminal justice. The relations between the identified social groups, the elite of which have very particular characteristics dominated by global north professionals, educations and networks, structure a core part of the market of international criminal justice and formats the social fault lines behind its normative debates.
Higher serum alkaline phosphatase value indicates the need for bone mineral density testing in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Hagiwara Kanade , Sakamoto Akihiko , Sasaki Kenichi , Kanatani Atsushi , Kimura Masaki , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Takahashi Sayuri , Yamada Yukio , Nakagawa Tohru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Osteoporosis is a well-known adverse effect of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. This study aimed to reveal the factors associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 106 prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Patients with bone metastasis at the initiation of androgen deprivation therapy and those with castration-resistant prostate cancer were excluded. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was defined as bone mineral density equal to or below either −2.5 SD or 70% of the mean in young adults. The association between clinicopathological variables and bone mineral density or diagnosis of osteoporosis was investigated.

Results
Thirty-six (34%) patients were found to have osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis increased in a stepwise manner depending on the duration of androgen deprivation therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a longer duration of androgen deprivation therapy (months, odd’s ratio = 1.017, P = 0.006), lower body mass index (kg/m2, odd’s ratio = 0.801, P = 0.005) and higher serum alkaline phosphatase value (U/l, odd’s ratio 1.007, P = 0.014) as the factors independently associated with the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Eleven out of 50 (22%), 14 out of 35 (40%) and 11 out of 20 patients (55%) were osteoporotic in the patients with serum alkaline phosphatase values &lt;238 U/l, 238–322 U/l and &gt;322 U/l, respectively (P = 0.022).

Conclusions
Osteoporosis is common in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy; furthermore, its incidence increases depending on the duration of androgen deprivation therapy. Bone mineral density testing should be considered for all patients on androgen deprivation therapy, especially for those with a lower body mass index and higher serum alkaline phosphatase value.
Reevaluating Disease-Free Survival as an Endpoint vs Overall Survival in Stage III Adjuvant Colon Cancer Trials
Authors: Yin Jun , Salem Mohamed E , Dixon Jesse G , Jin Zhaohui , Cohen Romain , DeGramont Aimery , Van Cutsem Eric , Taieb Julien , Alberts Steven R , Wolmark Norman , Schmoll Hans-Joachim , Saltz Leonard B , George Thomas J , Goldberg Richard R M , Kerr Rachel , Lonardi Sara , Yoshino Takayuki , Yothers Greg , Grothey Axel , Andre Thierry , Shi Qian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Disease-free survival (DFS) with a 3-year median follow-up (3-year DFS) was validated as a surrogate for overall survival (OS) with a 5-year median follow-up (5-year OS) in adjuvant chemotherapy colon cancer (CC) trials. Recent data show further improvements in OS and survival after recurrence in patients who received adjuvant FOLFOX. Hence, reevaluation of the association between DFS and OS and determination of the optimal follow-up duration of OS to aid its utility in future adjuvant trials are needed.

Methods
Individual patient data from 9 randomized studies conducted between 1998 and 2009 were included; 3 trials tested biologics. Trial-level surrogacy examining the correlation of treatment effect estimates of 3-year DFS with 5 to 6.5-year OS was evaluated using both linear regression (RWLS2) and Copula bivariate (RCopula2) models and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For R2, a value closer to 1 indicates a stronger correlation.

Results
Data from a total of 18 396 patients were analyzed (median age = 59 years; 54.0% male), with 54.1% having low-risk tumors (T1-3 and N1), 31.6% KRAS mutated, 12.3% BRAF mutated, and 12.4% microsatellite instability high or deficient mismatch repair tumors. Trial-level correlation between 3-year DFS and 5-year OS remained strong (RWLS2 = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.98; RCopula2 = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.00) and increased as the median follow-up of OS extended. Analyses limited to trials that tested biologics showed consistent results.

Conclusions
Three-year DFS remains a validated surrogate endpoint for 5-year OS in adjuvant CC trials. The correlation was likely strengthened with 6 years of follow-up for OS.
Cannabis and the Cancer Patient
Authors: Braun Ilana M , Abrams Donald I , Blansky Stacey E , Pergam Steven A 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSession 2 of the National Cancer Institute’s Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Cancer Research Workshop opened with testimony from a lymphoma survivor who detailed medicinal cannabis-related improvements in nausea, low appetite, insomnia, and mental health and the limited clinical counsel she received regarding cannabis use. Discussion next turned to the evolution of the legal landscape of cannabis in the United States, one in which state and federal laws frequently conflict and the Controlled Substance Act renders cannabis Schedule I. This legal climate creates conundrums for US medicinal cannabis researchers who contend with limited funding opportunities, avenues to source trial drug, and procedural red tape and for oncology clinicians who recommend medicinal cannabis to patients with some frequency while perceiving themselves as ill equipped to make such clinical recommendations. Ultimately, it creates challenges for cancer patients who find themselves turning to nonmedical and anecdotal information sources. The risks of cannabis use by the cancer patient were discussed next. These include infection, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug-botanical interactions, cyclic nausea and vomiting, e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated illness, legal issues, and high cost. The session concluded with a broad survey of the research supporting oncologic cannabinoid use, conclusive evidence for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and suggestive evidence for cancer-related pain.
Repair pathways for radiation DNA damage under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: Assessment with a panel of repair-deficient human TK6 cells
Authors: Tsuda Masataka , Shimizu Naoto , Tomikawa Hinako , Morozumi Ryosuke , Ide Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Various types of DNA lesions are produced when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). The type and yield of IR-induced DNA damage is influenced by the oxygen concentration. Thus, different DNA repair mechanisms may be involved in the response of normoxic and hypoxic cells to irradiation with IR. However, differences between the repair mechanisms of IR-induced DNA damage under normoxic versus hypoxic conditions have not been clarified. Elucidating the relative contribution of individual repair factors to cell survival would give insight into the repair mechanisms operating in irradiated normoxic and hypoxic cells. In the present study, we used a panel of repair-deficient human TK6 cell lines that covered seven repair pathways. Cells were irradiated with X-rays under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and the sensitivities of each mutant relative to the wild-type (i.e. relative sensitivity) were determined for normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The sensitivity of cells varied depending on the type of repair defects. However, for each repair mutant, the relative sensitivity under normoxic conditions was comparable to that under hypoxic conditions. This result indicates that the relative contribution of individual repair pathways to cell survival is comparable in normoxic and hypoxic cells, although the spectrum of IR-induced DNA damage in hypoxic cells differs from that of normoxic cells.
Study of feasible and safe condition for total body irradiation using cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Matsubara Hiroaki , Ezura Takatomo , Hashimoto Yaichiro , Karasawa Kumiko , Nishio Teiji , Tsuneda Masato 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) were believed to have a tolerance dose and that direct irradiation has to be avoided. Thus, no clinical guidelines have mentioned the feasibility of total body irradiation (TBI) with a CIED directly. The purpose of this work was to study a feasible and safe condition for TBI using a CIED. Eighteen CIEDs were directly irradiated by a 6-MV X-ray beam, where a non-neutron producible beam was employed for the removal of any neutron contribution to CIED malfunction. Irradiation up to 10 Gy in accumulated dose was conducted with a 100-cGy/min dose rate, followed by up to 20 Gy at 200 cGy/min. An irradiation test of whether inappropriate ventricular shock therapy was triggered or not was also performed by using a 6-MV beam of 5, 10, 20 and 40 cGy/min to two CIEDs. No malfunction was observed during irradiation up to 20 Gy at 100 and 200 cGy/min without activation of shock therapy. These results were compared with typical TBI, suggesting that a CIED in TBI will not encounter malfunction because the prescribed dose and the dose rate required for TBI are much safer than those used in this experiment. Several inappropriate shock therapies were, however, observed even at 10 cGy/min if activated. The present result suggested that TBI was feasible and safe if a non-neutron producible beam was employed at low dose-rate without activation of shock therapy, where it was not inconsistent with clinical and non-clinical data in the literature. The feasibility of TBI while using a CIED was discussed for the first time.
Lumbar radiculopathy due to foraminal stenosis with ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a case report
Authors: Ushio Shuta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The patient was an 82-year-old woman with a diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy due to foraminal stenosis accompanied by ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). Computed tomography scans of the lumbar spine revealed ossification in the capsular portion of the ligamentum flavum around the L2–L3 facet joint. In addition, computed tomography images acquired a few months before the onset of radiculopathy had shown that the ossification site had gradually expanded to include the superior articular process. The patient’s symptoms disappeared immediately after excision of the OLF. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen indicated replacement of degenerated ligamentum flavum with ossified tissue via a gradual endochondral ossification process. It is important to be aware that foraminal stenosis can in rare cases occur due to OLF, even in the lumbar spine.
Hepatectomy using a combination of extrafascial extrahepatic (Takasaki approach) and extrafascial intrahepatic pedicle approaches (Ton That Tung approach)
Authors: Van Ha Quyet , Nguyen Toan Huy , Van Nguyen Huong , Le Xuan Anh , Tran Kinh Huy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Selective pedicle control and anatomical liver resection are considered standard techniques in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. In 1963, Ton That Tung made significant improvements in hepatectomy techniques with the principle of locating and ligation of Glissonean pedicle in the liver parenchyma based on precise knowledge of vascular and biliary anatomy (Tung TT, Quang ND. A new technique for operating on the liver. Lancet 1963;281:192–3). In 1986, the extrafascial Glissonean dissection was first introduced by Takasaki in 1986. This is a simple and safe technique that helps to identify the exact borders between liver sections for anatomic liver resection (Takasaki K. Glissonean pedicle transection method for hepatic resection: a new concept of liver segmentation. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 1998;5:286–91). The combination of two techniques helps minimize complications, reduce ischemic time of future liver remnant, intraoperative blood loss and avoid migration of cancer cells into other segments.
Litrre’s hernia: partially reduced inguinal hernia in a 3-year-old boy
Authors: Gawrieh Bardisan , Shater Waseem , Deeb Mohammad Ali , Ghuzlan Alaa , Kassab Hanna , Salhab Nabila 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This report examines the case of a 3-year-old child presenting with a 1-month history of swelling in the right groin. The boy had no associated nausea or vomiting, was afebrile and had had normal bowel movements. Attempts to reduce the swelling were only partially successful. Ultrasonography indicated the presence of turbid hydrocele and a hernia sac containing an intestinal loop. Accordingly, the patient underwent an urgent herniotomy. Exposing the hernia sac revealed 5 cm Meckel’s diverticulum, and the base of the diverticulum was resected from the inside of the hernia sac. The boy was discharged 4 days after the operation in good clinical condition. The presented case highlights the need to consider Littre’s hernia when dealing with partially reduced inguinal hernias in children with no general signs or evidence of intestinal obstruction.
Posterior classical caesarean section in a myomatous gravid uterus at term: a case report
Authors: Makwe Christian C , Ugwu Aloy O , Osuji Gabriel N , Anumni Chinedu , Ekor Oluwayemisi E , Asiyanbi Gabriel K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a case of a 30-year-old primigravida, at 38-week gestation, who had a posterior classical uterine incision due to a huge anterior wall leiomyoma associated with uterine torsion and breech presentation. The rarity of this type of uterine incision, the size of the uterine myoma and the uterine torsion prompted this case report.
During caesarean section, the diagnoses of uterine torsion and a huge anterior wall leiomyoma were made. She had safe delivery of the fetus through a posterior classical caesarean section. The patient had an uneventful post-operative period and was discharged home with her baby on the fourth post-operative day.
Surgical repair of severely incompetent quadricuspid truncal valve
Authors: Sandoval Boburg Rodrigo , Mustafi Migdat , Hofbeck Michael , Schlensak Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The surgical management of truncus arteriosus poses a constant challenge for the cardiac team treating the patient. A correct diagnosis, surgical therapy and post-operative management are crucial for the survival of the patient. Almost 30% of the patients show an abnormal number of leaflets in the truncal valve (TV), the majority being quadricuspid valves. Additionally, around 25% of the patients show some degree of TV incompetence. We demonstrate an effective way to reconstruct incompetent, quadricuspid valves with good post-operative outcome.