bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Copper Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterisation and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Naikoo Gowhar , Al-Mashali Fatema , Arshad Fareeha , AL-Maashani Naema , Hassan Israr U. , AL Baraami Zamzam , Faruck Lukmanul H. , Qurashi Ahsanulhaq , Ahmed Waqar , Asiri Abdullah M. , Aljabali Alaa A. , Bakshi Hamid A. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. 
Published: August 2021

:
In this review, we summarised the different methods for copper nanoparticle synthesis, including
green methods. We highlighted that the synthesis of the copper nanoparticles from green sources is preferable
as they serve as stable and reducing entities. Furthermore, we critically reviewed the effectiveness of copper-
based nanoparticles in oncogenic treatments emphasizing breast, lung, colorectal, and skin cancers. Finally,
we have summarised the recent progress made in copper-based nanoparticles and their applications to amplify
and rectify present cancer treatment options. The synthesis, characterization, stabilization, and functionalization
techniques of various copper-based nanoparticles have also been highlighted in each section. In conclusion, the
review provides the outlook of copper nanoparticles in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
Rationalization of the activity Profile of Pyruvate Kinase Isozyme M2 (PKM2) Inhibitors using 3D QSAR
Authors: Kusuma Merugumala , Arora Sahil , Kalra Sourav , Chaturvedi Anuhar , Heuser Michael , Kumar Raj 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) was observed to be overexpressed and
play a key role in cell growth and cancer cells' metabolism. During the past years, phytochemicals
have been developed as new treatment options for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Natural resources,
like shikonin (naphthoquinone) and its derivatives, have emerged to be high potential therapeutics
in cancer treatment.

Methods:
Our study aimed to design novel anti-tumour agents (PKM2 inhibitors) focusing on the
shikonin scaffold with a better activity using computational methods. We applied a three-dimensional
quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) approach using Field-Based QSAR.

Results:
The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity
Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on a series of forty shikonin derivatives, including
shikonin, to develop robust models and rationalize the PKM2 inhibitory activity profile by building a
correlation between structural features and activity.

Conclusion:
These predictive computational models will further help the design and synthesis of
potent PKM2 inhibitors and their fast biological assessment at a low cost.
Synthesized Drug from Medicinal Plant phytochemicals Effectively Targets
ECM1 Gene Mutations in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Munir Anum , Hu Lianhai 
Published: August 2021

:
Ulcerative colitis (UC); an inflammatory bowel disease primarily affects the mucosa of
the colon. Depending on its mode of appearance, it can affect either the entire colon or even the distal
rectum. UC can manifest in both genders and every generation, but most generally appear in people
between the ages of 15 and 30. The extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) gene is an important
candidate, mutations leading to tissue damage in patients with ECM1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
are likely to intensify tissue damage caused by Metalloproteinase9 resulting in UC. In this
analysis, approval for the synthesis of Chemical Compound was obtained from the scientific committee
of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, China. Several derivatives
used as UC therapy were selected to build the pharmacophore model, using a ligand-based pharmacophore
modeling approach and virtual screenings were done for the identification of suitable drug
compounds. The selected compound was then synthesized in-vitro and validated using the molecular
docking technique. The synthesized compound fulfills all the characteristics of the non-toxic existence
of other drug-likeness laws. The specific interactive amino acids found in the docked complex
are arginine (ARG):47, lysine (LYS):54, phenylalanine (PHE):141, aspargine (ASN):51, serine
(SER):219, histadine (HIS):144, PHE:214, valine(VAL):220, tyrosine(TYR):145, and TYR:284. The
interaction of the synthesized compound with mutated TYR:284 of ECM1 confirmed the viability
and safety of a drug molecule as a medication in Ulcerative Colitis care. In the future, its validity can
be explored in the laboratory and this synthesized compound can be used as a medication target in
clinical studies against TYR:284 mutation in the ECM1 gene.
Reviewing Antiviral Research against Viruses Causing Human Diseases -
a Structure-Guided Approach
Authors: Sikdar Arunima , Gupta Rupali , Boura Evzen 
Published: August 2021

:
The smallest of all the pathogens, viruses, have continuously been the foremost strange
microorganisms. Viral infections can cause extreme sicknesses as evidenced by the HIV/AIDS
widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are also regularly
observed as consequences of numerous viral infections. Besides, numerous viral infections
are of oncoviruses, which can trigger different types of cancer. Nearly every year, a modern infectious
species emerges, debilitating the world population with an annihilating episode. Subsequently,
there is a need to create antivirals to combat such rising infections. From the discovery of the antiviral
drug Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was approved
by the FDA in 2018, the whole process and criteria of creating antivirals have changed significantly.
In this article, different auxiliary science strategies are described that can serve as a referral
for therapeutic innovation.
Medicinal Importance of Flavonoid “Eupatorin” in the Health Sectors: Therapeutic Benefit and Pharmacological Activities Through Scientific Data Analysis
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Herbal medicines have been used in the health sector for the treatment of
human disorders from the ancient time till the modern age. Plant based herbal products have an important
place in medicine due to their health beneficial potential and pharmacological activities.
Traditional medicines have been used in developing country, such as India to the developed countries
such as the USA and Europe. Traditional medicines have been used in the health sectors for the
treatment of numerous types of human disorders. Phytoconstituents play an important role in the
growth, reproduction and development of the human being. Plant products have been used for the
treatment of skin disorders, wounds, and various forms of inflammatory diseases. Flavonoids are a
colorful component of fruits, seeds, vegetables, nuts and plants. Flavonoids have been used for the
treatment of human disorders due to their vast pharmacological activities.

Methods:
Scientific information on eupatorin has been collected from different literature sources
and analyzed in order to know the health benefit of eupatorin in medicine. All the scientific information
presented here is collected from various databases such as Google, PubMed, and Science
Direct etc. Pharmacological activity data of eupatorin have been collected from various literature
databases and analyzed here to know the beneficial health potential of eupatorin in medicine. However,
important analytical tools for the separation, isolation and identification of eupatorin have also
been discussed in the present paper.

Results:
Eupatorin (39,5-dihydroxy-49,6,7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavone class flavonoidal compound
found to be present in the Orthosiphon stamineus, Salvia mirzayanii, Lantana montevidensis,
Lantana montevidensis and Tanacetum vulgare. Eupatorin have been used against bronchitis, stomach
disorders and various forms of cancer. Eupatorin have a potential role in various cancerous disorders,
such as human uterus carcinoma, human gastric adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma
and colon carcinoma. Pharmacological data analysis revealed the effectiveness of eupatorin in
human cancer and various types of inflammatory disorders. However, the effectiveness of eupatorin
against microorganism and enzymes were also presented in the present work with their herbicidal
and vasorelaxation potential in the medicine. Eupatorin has a valuable role in the development of
adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:
Present review will be beneficial to the researcher to understand the physiological importance
of eupatorin in medicine for the development of newer and effective medicine.
C-Methylation Of Organic Substrates. A Comprehensive Overview. Part IVa. Methylating Agents Other Than Methane, Methanol, and Methyl Metals
Authors: Moulay Saad 
Published: August 2021

:
C-Methylation of organic substrates was accomplished with a number of methylating
agents other than methane, methanol, and methyl metals. They include methyl halides (MeX, X =
I, Br, Cl, F), methyl-containing halogenated reagents, methyl peroxides, dimethyl carbonate
(DMC), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), diazomethane, formate
salts, trioxane, CO/H2, CO2/H2, and dimethyl ether (DME). Under particular conditions, some methyl-
containing molecules such as polymethylbenzenes, methylhydrazine, tris(diethylamino) sulfonium
difluorotrimethylsilicate, methyl tosylate, long-chain alkyl alcohols, and acetic acid unexpectedly
C-methylated a variety of organic substrates. A few cases of C-methylation were only reported
to occur in the absence of catalysts. Otherwise, transition metal complexes as catalysts in
conjunction with specific ligands and bases were ubiquitously present in most C-methylation reactions.
Of the reactions, Suzuki-Miyaura-type cross-coupling remained of paramount importance in
making 11CH3-bearing positron emission tomography tracers (PETs), one of the best applications
of such methylation. Methylation proceeded at C(aromatic)-X, C(sp3)-X C(sp2)-X, and C(sp)-X of
substrates (X = H, halogen). Ortho-methylation was regioselectively observed with aromatic substrates
when they bear moieties such as pyridyl, pyrimidyl, amide, and imine functionalities, which
were accordingly coined ‘ortho-directing groups’.
Research on Test Method for Low Altitude Wireless Network Signal
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Su Yu , Zhou Jian , Chen Shengwei 
Published: August 2021

Objective:
In recent years, with the large-scale construction of large venues, high-rise
office buildings, residential quarters, and the development of networked UAV, the demand and
complaints of users for air network coverage are increasing. The existing road test instruments
are designed for ground coverage based on the mobile app and PC software, which is not suitable
for low altitude signals. In order to shorten the test cycle of low altitude network signal and
improve the test efficiency, a new low altitude network signal test method is proposed, and a test
system suitable for low altitude network signal coverage and quality detection is developed.

Methods:
The present study investigated a system that uses airborne measuring instrument to
complete data acquisition, and returns real-time data to the processing cloud platform through 5g
cellular network. The signal quality and capacity of low altitude network are detected on the
cloud platform.

Results:
The test results show that the proposed method and the developed airborne measuring
instrument can complete the low altitude network signal test work and effectively improve the
test efficiency.

Conclusion:
The research on test method for low altitude wireless network signal plays an
important role in the optimization of low altitude network and fine management of tower base
station information.
Using Machine Learning–Based Approaches for the Detection and Classification of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Misinformation: Infodemiology Study of Reddit Discussions
Authors: Du Jingcheng , Preston Sharice , Sun Hanxiao , Shegog Ross , Cunningham Rachel , Boom Julie , Savas Lara , Amith Muhammad , Tao Cui 
Published: August 2021

Background
The rapid growth of social media as an information channel has made it possible to quickly spread inaccurate or false vaccine information, thus creating obstacles for vaccine promotion.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an intelligent automated protocol for identifying and classifying human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine misinformation on social media using machine learning (ML)–based methods.

Methods
Reddit posts (from 2007 to 2017, N=28,121) that contained keywords related to HPV vaccination were compiled. A random subset (2200/28,121, 7.82%) was manually labeled for misinformation and served as the gold standard corpus for evaluation. A total of 5 ML-based algorithms, including a support vector machine, logistic regression, extremely randomized trees, a convolutional neural network, and a recurrent neural network designed to identify vaccine misinformation, were evaluated for identification performance. Topic modeling was applied to identify the major categories associated with HPV vaccine misinformation.

Results
A convolutional neural network model achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7943. Of the 28,121 Reddit posts, 7207 (25.63%) were classified as vaccine misinformation, with discussions about general safety issues identified as the leading type of misinformed posts (2666/7207, 36.99%).

Conclusions
ML-based approaches are effective in the identification and classification of HPV vaccine misinformation on Reddit and may be generalizable to other social media platforms. ML-based methods may provide the capacity and utility to meet the challenge involved in intelligent automated monitoring and classification of public health misinformation on social media platforms. The timely identification of vaccine misinformation on the internet is the first step in misinformation correction and vaccine promotion.
Offenders With Personality Disorder Who Fail to Progress: A Case-Control Study Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling Path Analysis
Authors: Mathlin Georgina , Freestone Mark , Taylor Celia , Shaw Jake 
Published: August 2021

Background
Offenders with personality disorder can be challenging to engage and retain in treatment. The UK Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) pathway aims to proactively and responsively identify and engage offenders with personality disorder. However, a subpopulation of offenders on the pathway have been found to not be accepted into any OPD service and therefore fail to progress.

Objective
This study aims to identify and describe offenders on the OPD pathway who fail to progress and to understand the causal drivers by which individuals fail to progress in the pathway.

Methods
A sample of 50 offenders on the OPD pathway who had been refused from at least two OPD services (nonprogression group) were compared to 100 offenders accepted into OPD services (control group). Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to model the causal factors involved in not being accepted into OPD services.

Results
The path coefficients in the structural model showed that the most influential factor in nonprogression was attitude toward treatment (β=.41; P<.001; f2=0.25) alongside those with psychopathology (β=.41; P<.001; f2=0.25), specifically, psychopathy, psychosis, and co-occurring personality disorder.

Conclusions
The findings of the study provide a basis of how to work with this population in the future to increase the likelihood of acceptance into OPD services.
Social Media Polarization and Echo Chambers in the Context of COVID-19: Case Study
Authors: Jiang Julie , Ren Xiang , Ferrara Emilio 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundSocial media chatter in 2020 has been largely dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Existing research shows that COVID-19 discourse is highly politicized, with political preferences linked to beliefs and disbeliefs about the virus. As it happens with topics that become politicized, people may fall into echo chambers, which is the idea that one is only presented with information they already agree with, thereby reinforcing one’s confirmation bias. Understanding the relationship between information dissemination and political preference is crucial for effective public health communication.ObjectiveWe aimed to study the extent of polarization and examine the structure of echo chambers related to COVID-19 discourse on Twitter in the United States.MethodsFirst, we presented Retweet-BERT, a scalable and highly accurate model for estimating user polarity by leveraging language features and network structures. Then, by analyzing the user polarity predicted by Retweet-BERT, we provided new insights into the characterization of partisan users.ResultsWe observed that right-leaning users were noticeably more vocal and active in the production and consumption of COVID-19 information. We also found that most of the highly influential users were partisan, which may contribute to further polarization. Importantly, while echo chambers exist in both the right- and left-leaning communities, the right-leaning community was by far more densely connected within their echo chamber and isolated from the rest.ConclusionsWe provided empirical evidence that political echo chambers are prevalent, especially in the right-leaning community, which can exacerbate the exposure to information in line with pre-existing users’ views. Our findings have broader implications in developing effective public health campaigns and promoting the circulation of factual information online.
Identifying False Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Information and Corresponding Risk Perceptions From Twitter: Advanced Predictive Models
Authors: Tomaszewski Tre , Morales Alex , Lourentzou Ismini , Caskey Rachel , Liu Bing , Schwartz Alan , Chin Jessie 
Published: August 2021

Background
The vaccination uptake rates of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine remain low despite the fact that the effectiveness of HPV vaccines has been established for more than a decade. Vaccine hesitancy is in part due to false information about HPV vaccines on social media. Combating false HPV vaccine information is a reasonable step to addressing vaccine hesitancy.

Objective
Given the substantial harm of false HPV vaccine information, there is an urgent need to identify false social media messages before it goes viral. The goal of the study is to develop a systematic and generalizable approach to identifying false HPV vaccine information on social media.

Methods
This study used machine learning and natural language processing to develop a series of classification models and causality mining methods to identify and examine true and false HPV vaccine–related information on Twitter.

Results
We found that the convolutional neural network model outperformed all other models in identifying tweets containing false HPV vaccine–related information (F score=91.95). We also developed completely unsupervised causality mining models to identify HPV vaccine candidate effects for capturing risk perceptions of HPV vaccines. Furthermore, we found that false information contained mostly loss-framed messages focusing on the potential risk of vaccines covering a variety of topics using more diverse vocabulary, while true information contained both gain- and loss-framed messages focusing on the effectiveness of vaccines covering fewer topics using relatively limited vocabulary.

Conclusions
Our research demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of using predictive models to identify false HPV vaccine information and its risk perceptions on social media.
PENGARUH ASUPAN ZAT GIZI DAN JAMU PELANCAR AIR SUSU IBU (ASI) TERHADAP KADAR ZAT BESI (Fe) ASI IBU MENYUSUI
Authors: Wijayanti Enggar , Zulkarnain Zuraida 
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) mengandung makronutrien dan mikronutrien yang sangat penting bagi bayi yang baru lahir. Salah satu mikronutrien penting yang terdapat dalam ASI adalah zat besi (Fe). Asupan makanan ibu selama menyusui dan pemberian jamu pelancar ASI diduga berpengaruh terhadap kadar Fe pada ASI yang dihasilkan. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh zat gizi (makronutrien dan mikronutrien) dari makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh ibu dan pemberian jamu pelancar ASI dengan kandungan Fe dalam ASI. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort intervensi dan merupakan bagian dari penelitian “Observasi Klinik Formula Jamu Pelancar Air Susu Ibu (ASI)” yang dilakukan selama bulan Maret sampai Desember 2018. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tempat praktik 6 orang dokter Saintifikasi Jamu (SJ) di wilayah eks Karesidenan Surakarta. Subjek merupakan ibu menyusui berjumlah 34 orang berusia 17–40 tahun. Data kadar Fe dalam ASI dan konsumsi makanan ibu diambil pada hari sebelum perlakuan (hari ke-0) dan setelah 28 hari pemberian jamu pelancar ASI (hari ke-28). Data konsumsi makanan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan formulir food recall 2X24 jam yang diambil pada satu hari kerja (Senin–Jumat) dan satu hari di akhir pekan (Sabtu–Minggu). Data selanjutnya, dianalisis dengan program Nutrisurvey 2007. Hasil. Penelitian ini mendapatkan tingkat konsumsi energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, zat besi, dan seng kecuali vitamin C dari subjek lebih rendah dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) untuk ibu menyusui. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kadar Fe ASI sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil uji regresi linier menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar Fe dalam ASI dengan asupan zat gizi ibu (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Asupan gizi ibu dan pemberian jamu pelancar ASI tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar Fe dalam ASI.
PREFIGURAÇÕES DA ATIVIDADE DE TUTORIA NO DISCURSO NORMATIVO DA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA DO BRASIL
Authors: Alves Shirlei Marly 
Published: August 2021

Apresenta-se a análise de um documento regulatório da atividade de uma tutoria que se desenvolve no contexto da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). O objetivo é compreender de que modo se constrói discursivamente a atividade do tutor nas normas estabelecidas pelo Programa. Verificou-se que o enunciador institucional, no texto regulatório, dialoga com um interlocutor-tutor instituído como um ser dotado dos saberes procedimentais específicos de seu trabalho, antecipando uma resposta ativa de máxima adesão ao prescrito, sob a ameaça da perda do posto de trabalho.
A FLOR DE MULUNGU: POR UM SUPLEMENTO BIOGRÁFICO-CULTURAL
Authors: Leite Viviani Cavalcante de Oliveira , Nolasco Edgar Cézar 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma teorização epistêmico-conceitual acerca do suplemento biográfico-cultural partindo do conceito de suplemento à esteira de Jacques Derrida. Para tanto nos valeremos de uma epistemologia de cunho crítico biográfico fronteiriço, uma vez que pensamos a partir de lócus e de corpos específicos. Nossa teorização se dará por meio de uma leitura comparatista entre o conto “Macabéa, Flor de Mulungu” de Conceição Evaristo e a novela “A hora da estrela” de Clarice Lispectors. Nesta perspectiva, nos embasaremos nos pressupostos da crítica biográfica e crítica biográfica fronteiriça desenvolvidas respectivamente pelos intelectuais Eneida Maria de Souza e Edgar Cézar Nolasco. Por fim, almejamos considerar em nossa leitura, o bios e o lócus dos sujeitos envolvidos nesta reflexão bem como suas (in)corporações nas produções literárias e intelectuais, partindo da premissa de que é a partir das sensibilidades do corpo é que se dão tais produções.