bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Large Deformation Viscoplastic Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tetambe Ravi P. , Saigal Sunil S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The adaptive remeshing and rezoning procedures developed for large deformation finite element analysis using viscoplastic material model are presented in two dimensions. The adaptive procedure is driven by the posteriori error estimation technique. The nonlinear error estimators based on the energy rate norm error and the L2 norm error of incremental total strains are used for error computation. The remeshing algorithm creates new acceptable meshes in the course of the deformation process without any loss of geometric information. The remeshing of the current geometry is achieved using the boundary refinement technique. This technique is observed to be sufficiently accurate in problems where mesh refinement is largely required at the boundary or very close to the boundary of the structure. The rezoning procedure is then used to accurately interpolate the solution variables from the existing mesh to the new adaptively created mesh. The element subdivision approach is used during the rezoning process. The adaptive remeshing and rezoning procedures are developed for 6-node triangular element. These procedures are implemented in the general purpose finite element program, ANSYS [13], and are validated by solving two complex large strain examples. In both examples, these procedures are successful in achieving very high deformation levels in a structure.
Development of Retrieval System for Case Data of Finite Element Modeling
Authors: Nagasawa Shigeru , Nomura Masafumi , Miyata Yasunori , Sakuta Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with support system for finite element modeling and with a methodology for case base retrieving. An estimation model of case similarity is proposed based on the hamming function, defined with vectorized attribute codes. The pertinence of proposed similarity computation is verified experimentally through usage examples for a general purpose finite element program. And relevance of partial identification, or applicability of noise filter for similarity is recognized.
Moreover, as a proto-type case retrieval system have been developed with the hypertext markup language (HTML), a hybrid interactive representation composed of picture image retrieval and abstracted subject retrieval could be shown.
Free Vibration of Laminated Composite Beams and Plates Using ADINA Finite Element Code
Authors: Stolte James 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Composite materials are being investigated in advanced technology test beds for use in future armored vehicles. We are particularly interested in the response to impulsive loading for which the knowledge of natural frequency behavior is important. In this paper, we investigate the natural frequency analysis capabilities of the multilayered shell element of the ADINA finite element code as applied to laminated composite beams and plates. Results are compared to those published in the literature or those derived from exact solutions. The ADINA shell element employs a first-order shear deformation theory, and the results are found to agree well with other first-order theories. Although ADINA does not allow for a direct method of incorporating a shear correction factor commonly used in first-order theories, it is demonstrated how this can be included by modifying the material properties.
Computational Removing of Electrical Resistance Measurement Error Caused by Thermic Effects
Authors: Damean Nicolae A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Thermic behaviour of electrical resistor passed by a constant DC is analysed both theoretical and numerical. This problem, a ill-posed one is changed in a well-posed one solving a parameter identification problem. The last problem is the principal subject of this paper. Numerical simulations presented here correspond to resistance temperature detector Pt-100. They lead to improving of resistance measurement error (and of temperature certainly for this particular case) through computational removing of error caused by thermic effects.
PC-Based Monitoring and Inspection of Trigger Pull System of Handguns
Authors: Khosrowjerdi M. , Hindle Kurt , Quill Jim M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In any handgun, the force of the trigger pull and the distance traveled by the hammer during the trigger pull, produce the energy required to ignite the primer on the cartridge. Reducing either of these characteristics can lead to insufficient firing pin energy, while increasing either of these can result in a punctured primer that will result in malfunctioning of the firearm. The reliability and dependability of a handgun are extremely important to a Law Enforcement Officer since his life may be on the line. To this end, the development of a computer driven device that is capable of measuring these characteristics is necessary for firearms manufacturers to control both the feel and lock work function of the firearm detection. Test results are archived for performing statistical process control and report preparation.
A PC-based monitoring system for evaluating the performance characteristics of the trigger-pull of pistols has been designed and developed. This system uses an in-house developed load cell along with external clock pulses derived from a shaft encoder to collect approximately 27000 equally spaced load data points. The acquired data points which are 0.0002 inches apart are plotted for visual inspection and analyzed on real time to detect any possible fault associated with the trigger pull mechanism. Digital signal processing is extensively used for filtering, integration and triggerroughness.
Visual Basic for Windows® Programming environment has been employed to create the user interface and perform data acquisition, servomotor control, Statistical Process Control, data base management and report preparation.
Using STEP to Integrate Design Features With Manufacturing Features
Authors: Brooks Steven L. , Greenway R. Bryan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are several parametric or variational feature-based solid modeling design tools that aid the user in productively creating a product design. However, most of these systems do not address mapping from the design feature to the manufacturing feature. We present a representation for manufacturing features that integrate with design features using the ISO 10303 STEP product definition standard. We extend the STEP AP203 entities with feature definitions in a way similar to AP224, the working draft of STEP Features. The manufacturing features presented here provide a means to link design changes to manufacturing feature and/or process changes.
Currently, most systems depend on humans to detect and propagate design and process changes to manufacturing features and plans. Toward solving this problem, we are working on a manufacturing feature representation that can detect a design or process change and correct some, or at a minimum, flag the manufacturing engineer where the change affects manufacturing operations. We define manufacturing features as a collection of faces and edges. It is important that these faces and edges can be uniquely identified in the design feature representation. The STEP entity Shape_Aspect is used to permanently name the face or edge. Our features are built from expressions that reference the design feature’s faces and edges that can be reevaluated to propagate a design change. In this paper we present this new approach for representing manufacturing features and discuss its current and planned implementation.
Optimal Operation Grouping and Sequencing Technique for Multistage Machining Systems
Authors: Kim In-Tae , Suh Hyo-won , Kim Ho-Ryoung 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, the problem of determining the optimal group and sequence of operations for multistage machining system is investigated. A method incorporating a combination of the expert system and mathematical programming is proposed to produce optimal operation sequence minimizing the noncutting time. Also precedence, tolerance and alternatives of operations are taken into consideration as constraints. The mathematical method performs grouping and sequencing simultaneously and the expert system preprocesses the procedure by eliminating infeasible solution sets and clustering the operations according to the tool commonalities. A prototype CAPP system is also developed using object-oriented expert system shell. The system not only performs local process planning for each machining feature of the part but also analyzes the relationships among operations to generate global process plan. The advantage and effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified through an example of an actual manufacturing product.
A Systematic Approach to Support Design for Manufacturability in Injection Molding and Die Casting
Authors: Yueh Yuh-Shan , Miller R. Allen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In designing a part to be produced by injection molding or die casting, designers need to consider manufacturing characteristics of the part such as filling and ejectability from the dies as well as functional issues. The typical design cycle is iterative, laborious and time-consuming. In this paper, we present a procedure for defining parting information (locations where the mold/die come together), and recognizing the links between part design and die/mold construction. Many decisions and design details, such as draft on surfaces parallel to the draw (die opening) direction, gate and runner locations, vent locations, etc., depend on the parting locations and characteristics. Parting information is normally not part of the geometric model of the part design. Parting design, including draw direction and parting location, is addressed through a custom user interface which contains several options related to different levels of geometric modeling data. The resulting specification is stored in a segment structure which provides a flexible parting description and fits within the B-rep hierarchy. The reasoning about the linking of related surfaces is accomplished by splitting and traversing the extracted geometric entities based on parting definition. The entities covered by the same die/mold component are aggregated as a face group which is a set of complete or partial surfaces with the parting definition as the boundary information and with the draw direction as the moving information. In this approach, manufacturing information can be strongly coupled with geometric data to form a complete part model which supports manufacturability assessment and facilitates any necessary shape transformations to achieve a manufacturable part in a straightforward manner so that design iterations can be controlled and development cost can be reduced.
Virtual Assembly Production Analysis of Composite Aircraft Structures
Authors: Lee David E. , Hahn H. Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Concurrent with the use of tailored materials for specific applications has been the understanding that a product’s design has a significant and measurable effect on manufacturing process cycle times and unit production costs. In order to reliably manufacture and assemble aircraft structures fabricated from composite materials on a cost-effective basis, an environment for virtual assembly production analysis is being developed. Within this environment, members of an aircraft’s integrated product development team can rapidly assess the impact of design decisions on individual assembly operations and overall aircraft assembly in a virtual manufacturing context. Effects related to joint design and component matings are measured based on force and process conditions as well as the types of tooling required for final assembly. By evaluating assembly production impacts early during product design, the costly design-manufacture-redesign cycle is redefined and recast based on the realities of manufacturing process constraints.
Dynamic Collision Detection in Virtual Worlds Using HV Partition
Authors: Fang J. J. , Clark D. E. R. , Simmons J. E. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a simulated three-dimensional virtual world is created with a virtual 3D space ball for virtual object control. We propose a new technique called HV Partition to detect accurate collision on the assembly of two polyhedral solids in virtual simulation. This is a solid-based detection methodology achieved by automatically partitioning the object into smaller solid boxes. Mechanical components, represented by non-convex polyhedra, traversing any degree of freedom, are applied in tins environment. Using this HV Partition method, the accurate interference between two polyhedral objects can be found. The HV Partition methodology is applied following initial approximate collision detection using traditional bounding box and bounding sphere methods. The smaller the number of smaller boxes, the quicker is the performance of the collision algorithm. An automatic partition method is also given to reduce the number of smaller boxes in an object.
Pre-Simulation of Transports for TQM
Authors: Petersen Harry C. , Stapleton Ann M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how low-level spreadsheet pre-simulations, using simple but distribution-based performance data and forecasting methods, can help determine the appropriate level of transportation model detail; sometimes the simplified pre-simulation will adequately fulfill analysis needs. While detailed simulations using performance data are recommended in many situations, overly complex models can be unnecessarily time-consuming and expensive. As part of a Transport Probability Analysis study to improve JIT time-based quality, a company performed pre-simulation of Work-in-Process shipments. Results showed the apparent problems resided in procedures and possibly production, not transportation performance. Thus the decision was made to first look at correcting these procedures and scheduling, and to use this simplified probability-based program to monitor performance, rather than to develop a detailed transportation model. This procedure is being expanded to monitor other JIT transportation performance.
A Neural Network Approach to Localization of Parts With Complex Surfaces for Precision Inspection
Authors: Balasubramanian Sivaram , Gu Peihua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dimensional inspection of 3D objects with complex sculptured surfaces is an important issue, due to the increase in precision manufacturing of dies, patterns, moulds, turbine blades, forged parts, and aerospace structural components. In order to determine the error on a machined surface, the measured points must be located in the design coordinate system of the part. This is called localization. This paper presents an approach which formulates the problem as least squares minimization of distances, with the solution being achieved through self learning neural network. The shortest distance between the measured points and their counterparts on the parametric design surface are determined by solving simultaneous non-linear equations. The neural network is then used to learn the homogeneous transformation matrix. Results obtained from computer simulations performed for both scattered and dense data are presented. The results indicate that the proposed method using neural network is both computationally efficient and robust.
Combination of Management Methods and Information Technologies for Product Development Processes
Authors: v. Esebeck Götz , Tegel Oliver , Miller Jeffrey L. , Grote Karl-Heinrich 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As companies become aware that they have to restructure their product development processes to survive global competition in the market, it is important that they evaluate which management methods and techniques are suitable to improve the performance of the process and which design methods can be integrated and be used efficiently. A combination of management methods like Total Quality Management (TQM), Simultaneous or Concurrent Engineering, and Lean Development can be adapted to meet the requirements of a company more than a single strategy. Interdisciplinary teamwork, cross-hierarchical communication, and delegation of work in addition to employee motivation changes the common attitude towards the work process in the company and integrates the staff more tightly into the process. Nowadays, there is tight cooperation between companies and their sub-contractors, as sub-contractors not only have to manufacture the part or sub-assembly, but often have to design it. Therefore, the product development process has to be defined in a way that the sub-contractors can be tightly integrated into the product development process. Additionally, it is important to break the product down into functionally separate modules during the conceptual phase of the process. If the interfaces between these functions are defined as specifications, these modules can easily be given to suppliers or to other teams inside the company for further development.
The use of methods such as Design for Manufacture (DFM) or Design for Assembly (DFA) early during the development process, which utilize the knowledge of experts from manufacturing and assembly, results in a decreasing number of iterative loops during the design process and therefore reduces time-to-market. This cross-functional cooperation leads to improved quality of both processes and products. In this paper, different management methods to achieve the best improvement from the product development process are discussed. In addition, suitable design methods for achieving cost reduction, quality improvement, and reduction of time-to-market are presented. Finally, proposals for industry on methods to reorganize the Integrated Product Development (IPD) process based on actual findings are presented.
Metrics and Software Project Management for the 21st Century
Authors: Rothman Johanna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is general agreement among the experts and practitioners that a crisis exists in Software Engineering. This crisis is in the area of software quality and schedules.
How do we better predict product development progress on an ongoing basis? The quick answer is that all project managers need to know these things:
• What are the requirements for functionality, cost, and schedule?
• Do I have sufficient resources to meet those requirements?
• Am I on target to meet those requirements?
These questions are particularly critical for companies who produce complex software, such as real-time or process control products.
There are ways to ensure that the requirements of schedule, functionality, and cost are met during project development. This paper will discuss project management activities, possible development process, and predictive measurements for project tracking and prediction for complex software products.
Effects of Overtraining Status on the Cortisol Awakening Response—Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS-CAR)
Authors: Anderson Travis , Wideman Laurie , Cadegiani Flavio A. , Kater Claudio E. 
Published: March 2021

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct component of the circadian cortisol profile and has promise as a biomarker for the monitoring of athlete readiness and training status. Although some studies have suggested the CAR may be affected by the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS), this has yet to be systematically investigated. Purpose: To compare the CAR and diurnal cortisol slope between athletes diagnosed with OTS, healthy athletes, and sedentary controls. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining study. Male participants were recruited to either OTS, healthy athlete, or sedentary control groups. The participants produced saliva samples immediately after waking (S1), 30 minutes after waking (S2), at 16:00 hours, and at 23:00 hours. Salivary cortisol concentration was determined by an electrochemiluminescence assay. Mixed-effects models were used to assess the conditional effect of group (sedentary controls, OTS, and healthy athletes) on the change in cortisol over time. Separate models were fit for the awakening samples (S1 and S2) and for the diurnal slope (linear change across S1, 16:00 h, and 23:00 h). Results: The models demonstrated significant time-by-group interaction for OTS for the 2 cortisol concentrations collected during the awakening period (β = −9.33, P < .001), but not for the diurnal cortisol slope (β = 0.02, P = .80). Conclusions: These results suggest the CAR may be associated with OTS and should be considered within a panel of biomarkers. Further research is necessary to determine whether alterations in the CAR may precede the diagnosis of OTS.
Acute effects of extruded pea fractions on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults, results of a double-blind, randomized crossover trial
Authors: Johnston Alie J. , Mollard Rebecca C. , Dandeneau Dianna , MacKay Dylan S. , Ames Nancy , Curran Julianne , Bouchard Danielle R. , Jones Peter J. 
Published: March 2021

Benefits of pulse consumption on glycemic control are well established; however, research examining the effects of pulse fractions incorporated into extruded products is limited. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed cereals made with oat flour (control), oat flour and pea starch (starch), oat flour and pea protein (protein), oat flour, pea starch and pea protein (starch+protein), oat flour, pea fibre and pea protein (fibre+protein), and pea fibre, pea starch and pea protein (fibre+starch+protein). Blood glucose (BG) and insulin concentrations, and appetite incremental area under the curve (iAUC) were calculated before (0–120 min) and after (120–200 min) the ad libitum meal for measurement of food intake. Pre-meal, overall mean BG and iAUC were lower following the protein, starch+protein, protein+fibre, and the fibre+starch+protein cereals compared with the starch and control. For pre-meal overall mean insulin concentrations, fibre+protein led to a lower response compared with control, starch+protein, and protein cereals. Fibre+starch+protein also led to lower insulin compared with protein cereal. Pre-meal insulin iAUC was lower following fibre+protein compared with control and protein cereals. The inclusion of yellow pea protein and fibre in oat-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glycemia; however this effect is dependent on fraction type. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02366572. Novelty: Inclusion of pulse protein and fibre in oat flour-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glucose response. The glycemic benefits of whole pulses are at least somewhat retained in some pulse fractions.