bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training non‐intensivist doctors to work with COVID‐19 patients in intensive care units
Authors: Engberg Morten , Bonde Jan , Sigurdsson Sigurdur T. , Møller Kirsten , Nayahangan Leizl J. , Berntsen Marianne , Eschen Camilla T. , Haase Nicolai , Bache Søren , Konge Lars , Russell Lene 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDue to an expected surge of COVID‐19 patients in need of mechanical ventilation, the intensive care capacity was doubled at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, in March 2020. This resulted in an urgent need for doctors with competence in working with critically ill COVID‐19 patients. A training course and a theoretical test for non‐intensivist doctors were developed. The aims of this study were to gather validity evidence for the theoretical test and explore the effects of the course.MethodsThe 1‐day course was comprised of theoretical sessions and hands‐on training in ventilator use, hemodynamic monitoring, vascular access, and use of personal protective equipment. Validity evidence was gathered for the test by comparing answers from novices and experts in intensive care. Doctors who participated in the course completed the test before (pretest), after (posttest), and again within 8 weeks following the course (retention test).ResultsFifty‐four non‐intensivist doctors from 15 different specialties with a wide range in clinical experience level completed the course. The test consisted of 23 questions and demonstrated a credible pass–fail standard at 16 points. Mean pretest score was 11.9 (SD 3.0), mean posttest score 20.6 (1.8), and mean retention test score 17.4 (2.2). All doctors passed the posttest.ConclusionNon‐intensivist doctors, irrespective of experience level, can acquire relevant knowledge for working in the ICU through a focused 1‐day evidence‐based course. This knowledge was largely retained as shown by a multiple‐choice test supported by validity evidence. The test is available in appendix and online.
Prognostic value of serum HE4 level in the management of endometrial cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Rajadevan Niveditha , McNally Orla , Neesham Deborah , Richards Anthony , Naaman Yael 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHuman epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has shown promising utility as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial cancer. Increased serum HE4 levels may be associated with deeper myometrial invasion, extrauterine disease and poorer prognosis.AimTo evaluate the use of serum HE4 level, compared to and alongside other investigations, to accurately guide management in apparent early‐stage endometrial cancer.Materials and MethodsThis is a single‐site prospective study of 100 patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. All patients underwent preoperative measurements of HE4 and CA125 levels and a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the depth of invasion, nodal status and tumour size. Correlation was sought between serum HE4 level, CA125 level, MRI findings and intra‐operative frozen section with tumour type, grade and stage.ResultsWhile both median HE4 and CA125 levels were higher with worsening clinicopathological features, serum HE4 level showed a more consistent association with high‐risk features. Patients with a low‐grade biopsy preoperatively and a low HE4 level (<70 pmol/L) demonstrated an 86.8% likelihood of having low‐risk disease on final histopathology. In comparison, preoperative MRI or intraoperative frozen section alongside a low‐grade biopsy demonstrated a similar likelihood of 86.2 and 87.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen used in conjunction with an initial low‐grade endometrial biopsy, serum HE4 level demonstrated a similar likelihood to both preoperative MRI and intraoperative frozen section in identifying low‐risk disease on final histopathology. As a triaging tool this may be significant given that a preoperative, serum‐based assay would likely be the least invasive, least resource‐intensive and most cost‐effective approach.
The impact of face masks on children—A mini review
Authors: Eberhart Martin , Orthaber Stefan , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimFace masks are essential during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the United Nations Children's Fund and the World Health Organization, recommend that they are used for children aged six years and older. However, parents are increasingly expressing concerns about whether these might be physically harmful. This mini review assessed the evidence.MethodWe conducted a narrative review on the effects of mask wearing on physiological variables in children, using PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the World Health Organization COVID‐19 Database up to 7 November 2020. The lack of paediatric studies prompted a second search for adult studies.ResultsWe only found two paediatric studies, published in 2019 and 2020. The 2020 study was not related to COVID‐19. Only one study, performed with N95 respirators, collected medical parameters, and this did not suggest any harmful effects of gas exchange. The eight adult studies, including four prompted by the pandemic and one on surgeons, reported that face masks commonly used during the pandemic did not impair gas exchange during rest or mild exercise.ConclusionInternational guidelines recommend face masks for children aged six years and older, but further studies are needed to provide evidence‐based recommendations for different age groups.
MicroRNA profiling in Chinese children with Henoch‐Schonlein purpura and association between selected microRNAs and inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Meixue , Wang Jinfeng , Lu Lingling , Li Xiang , Le Yuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to profile the microRNA levels in Chinese Henoch‐Schonlein purpura (HSP) children and to explore their association with inflammatory factors and T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg).MethodsForty‐five HSP children and 27 healthy controls were enrolled in this study, and microRNA levels were profiled with a microRNA microarray. The levels of selected microRNAs were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the levels of serum IgA, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐17A were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, Th17 and Treg cells were analysed by flow cytometry.ResultsThere were 9 up‐regulated and 27 down‐regulated microRNAs in the PBMCs of Chinese HSP children. Among them, miR‐1‐3p, miR‐19b‐1‐5p and miR‐29b‐1‐5p were up‐regulated, while miR‐483‐5p and miR‐1246 were down‐regulated. Additionally, these selected microRNAs could differentiate HSP patients from healthy controls. Interestingly, miR‐29b‐1‐5p was correlated with IgA, miR‐19b‐1‐5p, miR‐483‐5p and miR‐1246 were correlated with interleukin‐6, while miR‐1‐3p and miR‐1246 were correlated with Th17/Treg.ConclusionThis study reveals that the altered microRNAs could differentiate HSP from the healthy, and were associated with inflammatory factors or Th17/Treg. It is indicated that alteration in these microRNAs may contribute to the HSP pathogenesis and may become therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers for HSP.
The moral status of the fetus: Implications of the somatic integration definition of human life
Authors: Brown Mark T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis account of the moral status of the human fetus makes four interlocking claims, which together comprise the Fetal Life Moral Status Thesis: (1) life as a human organism begins at the fetal stage of development; (2) the non‐organismal life of the human embryo begins at fertilization; (3) the human fetus has intrinsic moral status as a human being; and (4) the human embryo has extrinsic moral status as a non‐organismal human individual. The somatic integration definition of human life functions as a premise in two supporting arguments: the Fetal Life Argument and the Fetal Moral Status Argument. These arguments are articulated, objections are considered, and the resulting account of the moral status of the human fetus is applied to the problem of abortion.
Implementation of the Versius robotic surgical system for colorectal cancer surgery: First clinical experience
Authors: Collins Danielle , Paterson Hugh M. , Skipworth Richard J. E. , Speake Doug 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Versius surgical system, from CMR Surgical, is the first UK‐based robotic platform to become commercially available. This is a prospective series in accordance with the IDEAL development framework for surgical innovation reporting the clinical implementation and initial experience using this robotic platform.MethodsPatients with colorectal cancer were included. Exclusion criteria included T4 tumours, ultra‐low rectal cancer and severe comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade ≥ 3). Institutional ethical approval was obtained, and patients were counselled preoperatively with informed consent. Patients underwent colorectal resection using the Versius surgical system. Procedures were anticipated as hybrid operations (laparoscopic/robotic) consistent with a proof of concept/technical feasibility study.ResultsMain outcome measures included operative time, complication rates and pathological results. Thirty‐two patients (15 men) underwent colorectal cancer resections. The mean age was 68 years (27–85 years). Estimated blood loss was 150 ml; range <100 to <500 ml. For right hemicolectomy, the average operative time was 221 min (183–323 min). The average console time was 111 min (64–213 min). For robotic anterior resection, the total operative time was on average 319 min (222–408 min) with an average console time of 204 min (85–242 min). Eight patients experienced Grade II morbidities (22%) with no serious morbidities and no mortalities. Mean return to bowel function was 2.9 days (1–6 days). The average length of stay was 5.3 days with a median of 4 days (2–20 days). All resections were R0 with an average lymph node yield of 20 nodes (8–46 nodes).ConclusionOur initial experience with Versius demonstrates its safe adoption and implementation for colorectal resections.
Synthetic embryology: Early mammalian embryo modeling systems from cell cultures
Authors: Tomoda Kiichiro , Kime Cody 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, the fields of embryology, developmental biology, stem cell biology, and cell reprogramming, have intersected with synthetic embryo systems (SESs) from cultured cells. Among such SESs, several approaches have engaged early‐embryo‐like cells, cells with atypical potency, or assembled traditional in vitro stem cell populations with synergy, to advance life discovery systems that may yield emergent knowledge and biotechnical advance. Such models center on the competent generation of blastocyst‐like and post‐implantation embryo‐like forms. Our group, and several others have recently pioneered unique SES strategies covering a broad spectrum of key early embryo‐like developmental stages and features to seed an emerging SES field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive perspective of synthetic embryology and the powerful promise that excites us.
Standardization for obtaining blood viscosity: A systematic review
Authors: Valério de Arruda Marcel , Cruz Silva Alana , Fernandes Galduróz José Carlos , Ferreira Galduróz Ruth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is evidence to suggest that blood viscosity (BV) is involved in several pathological processes. In this review, we evaluated the different methods of BV acquisition, analyzing the sample storage time, the storage temperature, the acquisition time, the acquisition temperature, sample volume, and shear rates, in order to standardize this technique.MethodsWe selected 50 articles with methods of obtaining BV, evaluating pathologies through BV, comparing rheological equipment, monitoring, and regulating BV.Results and conclusionMeasurements should be obtained as soon as possible, to reduce hemorheological changes. It is necessary to refrigerate them at 4°C when the storage time is long. The acquisition time is related to the equipment used. BV measurements at 37°C will represent the real BV in vivo more faithfully. In order to understand the BV phenomena, the shear rates must be between 0.1 and 1000 s‐1. There is a wide variety of equipment available for measuring the BV.
Interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression variability: Considering complexity in evolvability
Authors: Capp Jean‐Pascal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenetic variability, epigenetic variability, and gene expression variability (noise) are generally considered independently in their relationship with phenotypic variation. However, they appear to be intrinsically interconnected and influence it in combination. The study of the interplay between genetic and epigenetic variability has the longest history. This article rather considers the introduction of gene expression variability in its relationships with the two others and reviews for the first time experimental evidences over the four relationships connected to gene expression noise. They show how introducing this third source of variability complicates the way of thinking evolvability and the emergence of biological novelty. Finally, cancer cells are proposed to be an ideal model to decipher the dynamic interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression variability when one of them is either experimentally increased or therapeutically targeted. This interplay is also discussed in an evolutionary perspective in the context of cancer cell drug resistance.
Clinicopathological analysis of low‐grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma: report of five new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Zhai Changwen , Wang Huan , Li Shimin , Wang Dehui 
Published: February 2021

AimsLow‐grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma (LGPSC) is a rare and newly described entity of the sinonasal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics in order to identify typical features for differential diagnosis.Methods and resultsOf the 3000 cases of sinonasal tumour studied during a period of 6 years, five cases were reviewed and diagnosed as LGPSC. All five patients were female (mean age, 47.8 years; range, 18–64 years) and had undergone multiple surgeries (3–10 surgeries). Both the sinonasal tract and the middle ear were involved in four patients. Nodal metastasis occurred in two patients, and one patient developed a distant metastasis to the left lung. Histologically, tumours had branched and crowded papillae with pushing boundaries. Tumour epithelia were multilayered and arranged in an orderly pattern without cilia. No malignant cytological features were observed in any of the cases. Immunohistochemical findings revealed a scattered distribution of Ki67‐positive cells and positive staining for epithelial membrane antigen, mainly in the outermost‐layer cells. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was found in two patients and genotyped as HPV type 16. Sanger sequencing did not reveal any epidermal growth factor receptor or Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue gene mutation in the five cases.ConclusionsWe report on five new cases of LGPSC, and confirm LGPSC as a new sinonasal carcinoma that behaves aggressively with metastatic potential. The combination of clinical behaviour and typical histological features can distinguish LGPSC from sinonasal papilloma and other carcinomas.
Influence of botulinum toxin type A esthetic injections on facial expressions
Authors: Foissac Rémi , Benatar Marc J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) injection remains the leading medical cosmetic procedure worldwide, with a high rate of patient satisfaction. However, it still suffers from patients’ fear of being unable to transmit their emotions and of looking frozen from unnatural results.AimThis study aimed to determine whether BoNT‐A can decrease the intensity of emotions in facial expressions.Patients/MethodsIn this single‐center prospective study, 42 patient investigators assessed four patients’ facial expressions for six emotions and neutral faces, before and after injection of 36 IU or 48 IU of onabotulinumtoxinA, using photographs. Photographs were presented on a tablet to the investigators.ResultsThere were no statistical differences between the before and after photographs for the intensity of emotions for all expressions (P > .05) except for the expression of surprise in the group of patients that received 48 IU of the injection (protocol with injection of the frontalis muscle). All patient investigators answered negatively to the question “Do you think that this patient has a ‘frozen face’?”.ConclusionThis study shows that esthetic injection of BoNT‐A in the upper face has no negative effects on facial expressions and does not lead to the feared “frozen face” when it is injected with respect for best practice guidelines. This study can be used as an example for patients who have some reticences against BoNT‐A injection.
Simple Duplication Technique of Complete Denture Using an Intraoral Scanner
Authors: Oyamada Yutaro , Yonezawa Yu , Kondo Hisatomo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVarious techniques have been applied to the fabrication of duplicate dentures. In this new method, after scanning the cameo and intaglio surfaces of the complete denture using an intraoral scanner, the two images were superimposed on the interocclusal image. The linear gap between cameo and intaglio surfaces was filled using free downloadable CAD software. The superimposed image was subsequently used as data for fabricating the duplicate complete denture with a 3D printer. Using the intraoral scanner, duplication of complete dentures could be performed without needing any complicated processes, laboratory scanners, or advanced CAD software.
Bariatric surgery and the risk of alcohol‐related cirrhosis and alcohol misuse
Authors: Mellinger Jessica L. , Shedden Kerby , Winder G. Scott , Fernandez Anne C. , Lee Brian P. , Waljee Jennifer , Fontana Robert , Volk Michael L. , Blow Frederic C. , Lok Anna S. F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsBariatric surgery is common, but alcohol misuse has been reported following these procedures. We aimed to determine if bariatric surgery is associated with increased risk of alcohol‐related cirrhosis (AC) and alcohol misuse.MethodsRetrospective observational analysis of obese adults with employer‐sponsored insurance administrative claims from 2008 to 2016. Subjects with diagnosis codes for bariatric surgery were included. Primary outcome was risk of AC. Secondary outcome was risk of alcohol misuse. Bariatric surgery was divided into before 2008 and after 2008 to account for patients who had a procedure during the study period. Cox proportional hazard regression models using age as the time variable were used with interaction analyses for bariatric surgery and gender.ResultsA total of 194 130 had surgery from 2008 to 2016 while 209 090 patients had bariatric surgery prior to 2008. Age was 44.1 years, 61% women and enrolment was 3.7 years. A total of 4774 (0.07%) had AC. Overall risk of AC was lower for those who received sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic banding during the study period (HR 0.4, P <.001; HR 0.43, P =.02) and alcohol misuse increased for Roux‐en‐Y and sleeve gastrectomy recipients (HR 1.86 and 1.35, P <.001, respectively). In those who had surgery before 2008, women had increased risk of AC and alcohol misuse compared to women without bariatric surgery (HR 2.1 [95% CI: 1.79‐2.41] for AC; HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.93‐2.04]).ConclusionsBariatric surgery is associated with a short‐term decreased risk of AC but potential long‐term increased risk of AC in women. Post‐operative alcohol surveillance is necessary to reduce this risk.
The polymict carbonaceous breccia Aguas Zarcas: A potential analog to samples being returned by the OSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa2 missions
Authors: Kerraouch Imene , Bischoff Addi , Zolensky Michael E. , Pack Andreas , Patzek Markus , Hanna Romy D. , Fries Marc D. , Harries Dennis , Kebukawa Yoko , Le Loan , Ito Motoo , Rahman Zia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOn April 23, 2019, a meteorite fall occurred in Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica. According to the Meteoritical Bulletin, Aguas Zarcas is a brecciated CM2 chondrite dominated by two lithologies. Our X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) results show many different lithologies. In this paper, we describe the petrographic and mineralogical investigation of five different lithologies of the Aguas Zarcas meteorite. The bulk oxygen isotope compositions of some lithologies were also measured. The Aguas Zarcas meteorite is a breccia at all scales. From two small fragments, we have noted five main lithologies, including (1) Met‐1: a metal‐rich lithology; (2) Met‐2: a second metal‐rich lithology which is distinct from Met‐1; (3) a brecciated CM lithology with clasts of different petrologic subtypes; (4) a C1/2 lithology; and (5) a C1 lithology. The Met‐1 lithology is a new and unique carbonaceous chondrite which bears similarities to CR and CM chondrite groups, but is distinct from both based on oxygen isotope data. Met‐2 also represents a new type of carbonaceous chondrite, but it is more similar to the CM chondrite group, albeit with a very high abundance of metal. We have noted some similarities between the Met‐1 and Met‐2 lithologies and will explore possible genetic relationships. We have also identified a brecciated CM lithology with two primary components: a chondrule‐poor lithology and a chondrule‐rich lithology showing different petrologic subtypes. The other two lithologies, C1 and C1/2, are very altered and possibly related to the CM chondrite group. In this article, we describe all the lithologies in detail and attempt a classification of each in order to understand the origin and the history of formation of the Aguas Zarcas parent body.
An act of performance: Exploring residents’ decision‐making processes to seek help
Authors: Jansen Iris , Stalmeijer Renée E. , Silkens Milou E. W. M. , Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextResidents are expected to ask for help when feeling insufficiently confident or competent to act in patients’ best interests. While previous studies focused on the perspective of supervisor‐resident relationships in residents’ help‐seeking decisions, attention for how the workplace environment and, more specifically, other health care team members influence these decisions is limited. Using a sociocultural lens, this study aimed to explore how residents’ decision‐making processes to seek help are shaped by their workplace environment.MethodsThrough a constructivist grounded theory methodology, we purposively and theoretically sampled 18 residents: 9 juniors (postgraduate year 1/2) and 9 seniors (postgraduate year 5/6) at Amsterdam University Medical Centers. Using semi‐structured interviews, participating residents’ decision‐making processes to seek help during patient care delivery were explored. Data collection and analysis were iterative; themes were identified using constant comparative analysis.ResultsResidents described their help‐seeking decision‐making processes as an ‘act of performance’: they considered how asking for help could potentially impact their assessments. They described this act of performance as the product of an internal ‘balancing act’ with at its core the non‐negotiable priority for providing safe and high‐quality patient care. With this in mind, residents weighed up demonstrating the ability to work independently, maintaining credibility and becoming an accepted member of the health care team when deciding to seek help. This ‘balancing act’ was influenced by sociocultural characteristics of the learning environment, residents’ relationships with supervisors and the perceived approachability of other health care team members.ConclusionsThis study suggests that sociocultural forces influence residents to experience help‐seeking as an act of performance. Especially, a safe learning environment resulting from constructive relationships with supervisors and the approachability of other health care team members lowered the barriers to seek help. Supervisors could address these barriers by having regular conversations with residents about when to seek help.