bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of free electron laser coherence on imaging quality
Authors: Wei Shuang , Gong Shuang , Bu Yang , Song Zi-Jian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high temporal and spatial coherence of free electron lasers (FEL) reduces the uniformity of the illumination field, leading to scattering effects that blur the edges of patterns, resulting in diminished accuracy and clarity. Traditional imaging models regard the light source as fully incoherent, making it difficult to assess the impact of partially coherent light fields on imaging. If FELs are used in imaging systems, their coherence must be considered. To address this issue, this study explores the relationship between coherence, imaging quality, and speckle contrast through a simulation method based on random phases. The method divides the light beam into temporal and spatial coherence cells, analyzes their interactions, and simulates imaging results under different coherence conditions. Additionally, speckle patterns for various illumination modes are calculated to evaluate their effects on speckle contrast and illumination uniformity. The results indicate that under different illumination modes, illumination uniformity decreases as coherence increases, while speckle contrast increases with higher coherence. In terms of imaging quality, higher coherence leads to an increase in both line edge roughness and line width roughness, thereby reducing imaging quality. Additionally, the narrower the line width, the greater the impact of coherence on imaging quality, resulting in poorer imaging performance.
Nonreciprocal Microwave-Optical Entanglement in Kerr-Modified Cavity Optomagnomechanics
Authors: Liu Ming-Yue , Gong Yuan , Chen Jiaojiao , Wang Yan-Wei , Xiong Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Microwave-optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication, secure information transfer, and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies. In this work, we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics (COMM). This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions, both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction, enabling nonreciprocal behavior. By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning, we show that magnon-phonon, microwave-optical photon-photon, and optical photon-magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise. Additionally, the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled, and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable. This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes, leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.
Simulation and analysis of a high-k electron-scale turbulence diagnostic for MAST-U
Authors: Speirs David C , Ruiz Ruiz Juan , Giacomin Maurizio , Hall-Chen Valerian Hongjie , Phelps Alan D R , Vann Roddy G L , Huggard Peter , Wang Hui , Field Anthony Robert , Ronald Kevin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plasma turbulence on disparate spatial and temporal scales plays a key role in defining the level of confinement achievable in tokamaks, with the development of reduced numerical models for cross-scale turbulence effects informed by experimental measurements an essential step. MAST-U is a well-equipped facility having instruments to measure ion and electron scale turbulence at the plasma edge. However, measurement of core electron scale turbulence is challenging, especially in H mode. Using a novel synthetic diagnostic approach, we present simulated measurement specifications of a proposed highly optimised mm-wave based collective scattering instrument for measuring both normal and binormal electron scale turbulence in the core and edge of MAST-U. A powerful modelling framework has been developed that combines beam-tracing techniques with gyrokinetic simulations to predict the sensitivity and spectral range of measurement, with a quasi-numerical approach used to analyse the corresponding instrument selectivity functions. For the reconstructed MAST 022769 shot, a maximum measurable normalised bi-normal wavenumber of k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.6 was predicted in the core and k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.79 near the pedestal, with localisation lengths L_FWHM ranging from ~0.4 m in the core at k_⊥ ρ_e ~ 0.1 to ~0.08m at k_⊥ ρ_e> 0.45. Synthetic diagnostic analysis for the 022769 shot using CGYRO gyrokinetic simulation spectra reveal that ETG turbulence wavenumbers of peak spectral intensity comfortably fall within the measurable / detectable range of the instrument from the core to the pedestal. The proposed diagnostic opens up opportunities to study new regimes of turbulence and confinement, particularly in association with upcoming non-inductive, microwave based current drive experiments on MAST-U and can provide insight into cross-scale turbulence effects, while having suitability to operate during burning plasma scenarios on future reactors such as STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production).
A Multi-String Photovoltaic Current-Voltage (I-V) Curve Tracer
Authors: Rivai A , Erixno O , Rahim N A , Elias M F M , Jamaludin J , Ramadhani F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the design and the development of multi-string I-V curve tracer for photovoltaic (PV) strings. It uses a capacitive load and double pole relay to measure the I-V characteristics of a multiple PV strings simultaneously. The prototype is developed using a PIC18F4550 micro-controller and a graphical user interface GUI designed using Microsoft’s Visual Studio software. The I-V characteristics of the PV string are displayed on LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and computer. The performance and functionality of the proposed I-V curve tracer have been tested using four PV strings. The experimental test shows that the proposed I-V tracer can measure and display the I-V characteristic of each PV string smoothly in the normal and shading conditions.
Techno-Economic Study of Palm Kernel Shell Biomass Operated on a Engine Diesel Dual Fuel
Authors: Suli H H , Sudarmanta B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Indonesian government has implemented a carbon emission reduction program for Diesel Power Plants as part of its efforts to achieve Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. The biomass-fueled power plant approach can reduce the use of fossil fuels and minimize carbon emissions. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value of a dual-fuel diesel power plant with fuel oil and syngas produced through gasification, using dual-fuel diesel engine technology. Gasification process. The gasification used is a multi-stage downdraft gasifier model, with an optimal air ratio variation of 1:7:2 in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones. An experiment was conducted on a diesel engine operating at a speed of 3000 rpm and subjected to various loads ranging from 500 Watts to 4500 Watts. The mass flow rate of syngas can be adjusted by opening four valves, and syngas is fed through the intake manifold of the diesel engine. The use of a dual-fuel engine, which combines syngas with biodiesel, can improve thermal efficiency and reduce B35 fuel consumption. This resulted in a reduction in the specific fuel consumption (SFC) value from 0.257 to 0.213 at a load of 3000 watts. Technoeconomic analysis shows that the utilization of this system has the capacity to generate lasting economic benefits, especially when considering environmental factors and accessibility of local resources.
Electric Wheelchair Conversion with Tracker System
Authors: Auliya R N , Ihsan M M , Wijaya I G P O I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Various electronic equipment has been created to help people’s daily lives, one of which is a wheelchair which can help with disabilities. This research aims to increase the mobility of older people, people with disabilities or pregnant women. In this research, a conventional wheelchair was designed to become an electric wheelchair. The designed electric wheelchair consists of two 36V BLDC motors, a 37V battery pack, a joystick as a controller, and a monitoring application that has the functions of monitoring voltage, battery current, and GPS tracking. Position monitoring is useful for notifying the user’s position, especially people who experience memory loss. Based on test results, it shows that with a battery capacity of 13.16 Ah it can cover a distance of 16.09 km in 2 hours 26 minutes 5 seconds, with an average speed of 6 km/h and a maximum speed of 18 km/h. The ideal weight for a wheelchair user is under 65 kg, with a maximum weight of 100 kg. The user’s weight has a significant influence on the distance the wheelchair travels; the heavier the user, the shorter the distance.
Critical Role of Crystal Orientation and Temperature in Determining the Mechanical Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Gold Nanowires: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Luthfiansyah D A , Ramadhan F R , Nur I H , Sahputra I H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed using a parallel Molecular Dynamics code, LAMMPS. A model of Au nanowire was created with initial atomic positions corresponding to those of the bulk fcc Au lattice. The original length of the nanowire was 100 Å and the diameter was 40 Å. To simulate an infinitely long nanowire, periodic boundary conditions were applied in the Z direction. The system was first equilibrated using energy minimization using the Polak-Ribiere version of the conjugate gradient algorithm. The system was then brought to the thermal equilibrium with temperature variations of 150 K, 300 K, and 600 in the NVT ensemble. As temperature increases from 150 K to 600 K, tensile strength and Young’s modulus decline across all orientations due to increased atomic vibrations that weaken metallic bonds. Among the orientations tested, nanowires aligned with the original lattice (Z-axis <0 0 1>) exhibited the highest strength and stiffness at lower temperatures, suggesting greater robustness in this configuration. Notably, nanowires rotated 45° along the X or Y-axis demonstrated slightly better resilience to temperature-induced weakening, likely due to specific atomic arrangements in these orientations. Under tensile strain, nanowires with a 45° rotation around the Z-axis maintained a stable FCC structure up to 11.95% strain. Beyond this strain level, significant deformation occurred, characterized by the appearance of HCP regions and other structural deviations, which indicate a heightened risk of mechanical failure. In contrast, nanowires rotated around the X or Y-axis experienced structural transformations and complex dislocations at lower strain levels, underscoring a greater susceptibility to deformation and failure. These findings highlight the critical influence of temperature and crystallographic orientation on the mechanical behavior of gold nanowires.
Development of an Off-Grid Solar Power System to Support a Water Filtration System
Authors: Kristian M E , Ajiwiguna T A , Abarodi G A , Fitriyanti N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By integrating an Off-Grid Solar Power System, a DC water pump, and a cartridge filter system, the problem of contaminated water sources can be addressed. This study presents a simple method for designing the system and analyzing losses in the Off-Grid Solar Power System. This case study discusses the provision of electricity for a DC water pump in a cartridge filter system using an Off-Grid Solar Power System. First, the capacity of the PV system is estimated based on the electrical consumption of the DC pump for 1 day and the PSH at the project location. Second, the determination of system components is carried out by reviewing the capacity of the PV system and the electrical consumption of the DC pump. Third, an analysis of the losses of the Off-Grid Solar Power System is carried out when the battery is empty, using the method of charging the battery and turning on the DC pump simultaneously or alternately. The system is assembled using a 12V 7Ah battery capacity and a 19W DC pump. The results show that using the method 1 by turning on the pump after charging the battery will result in more energy losses compared with method 2 by turning on the pump simultaneously with charging the battery. Energy losses in the system can affect the amount of water produced by the system. The greater the energy losses in the system, the less water is produced. By using the method 2, an average of 966.87 liters of water can be produced per day. Meanwhile, by using the method 1, an average of 1176.37 liters of water can be produced per day.
A Smart Farming System for Rubber Nursery Management in Monitoring Plant Growth Performance Using IoT Technology
Authors: Sadikan S F N , Aziz M L H A , Umor M A S , Mahzan S , Marjudi S , Salamat M A , Dunne R S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rubber plantations are an integral part of economy in Malaysia. However, inadequate soil moisture poses a significant problem for rubber trees as it can lead to water stress, ultimately hindering their growth, leaf development, and latex production. Water stress occurs when the trees are unable to obtain sufficient water from the soil, which resulting in stunted growth, leaf development, leading to fewer and smaller leaves. There is needed an effective water management strategy to ensure optimal growth of rubber trees for latex production. Thus, this project is aim to design and build an active soil monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system is made up of two major components: soil moisture and light intensity. The first component is a soil moisture sensor, which determines the soil’s moisture content; light intensity sensor, which detects the intensity of the light and ANSELF Brushless DC Pump connected to an Arduino. This system provides sustainable solutions to increase crop output, reduce waste, and develop a greener plant cultivation. This smart monitoring plant growth system prototype is important in agriculture and plant production. It has potential to promote healthy plant growth and increase agricultural production.
Degradation of Dye Wastewater using Electrocoagulation Method
Authors: Suruuri M , Wibowo E , Ulya N , Fatona I W , Rokhmat M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We conducted a study on the degradation of dye wastewater (Wantex) using the electrocoagulation technique with four aluminum plates as electrodes. We investigated how varying the time, voltage, and electrode spacing affected the efficiency of color removal. The electrocoagulation process lasted 420 minutes (7 hours), with samples collected every 30 minutes. The voltage was maintained at 12 V, and the electrode spacing was adjusted to 1, 2, and 3 cm. Wantex solutions with concentrations of 2.67%, 3.33%, and 4% (w/v) were prepared by dissolving 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 g of dye in 1 L of distilled water. Our analysis revealed a dye degradation rate of 99.89% under optimal conditions—12 V and 1 cm spacing at the 3rd hour, with a pH of 7.79, which complies with government safety standards. Compared to previous research, our study achieved a higher degradation rate, highlighting the potential of electrocoagulation as a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for treating textile industry wastewater.
Design and Performance Assessment of a Combined Grater and Milk Extraction Mechanism for Coconut Meat
Authors: Atienza A H , Arce J L , Banawa K I , Rabanal M C T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coconut meat processing in the Philippines is considered to be labor and energy intensive. Using traditional methods such as grating and milk extraction consumes more time, with safety issue with the operators and low efficiency. This study was aimed to design and fabricate an innovative machine that will solve the problems of small - scale coconut industry in the Philippines with the help of engineering applications. The study aimed to increase the time efficiency of the coconut milking process by combining the coconut grating and milk extraction in one mechanism and improving the existing design of the coconut grating mechanism. Another objective was to increase the overall efficiency by using a proper milk extractor mechanism. Lastly, the study aimed to improve the existing design of the coconut grating mechanism to lessen the occurrence and possibility of having physical injuries from using the said mechanism. The target beneficiary of the study was the market of the coconut industry in San Pablo City, Laguna. One horsepower motor was used to run the combined mechanisms. Welding, milling, grinding, drilling, boring was done to fabricate the prototype. A screw type compressor for coconut milking process was used to increase the efficiency of the milking process. An emergency brake was provided to ensure the safety of the workers. Belts, pulleys, bearings, coconut grater, sprockets, screen, bolts and screws were used on the prototype. After testing, it was found out that there is reduction of 15.63% in time processing the coconut compared to the traditional piston press that was used mostly in the local market. It was also observed to have an average efficiency of 47.5% with screw press efficiency of 32.5%.
Rebates and grid decarbonization from the Inflation Reduction Act promote equitable adoption of energy efficiency retrofits
Authors: Joseph Jordan M. , Samaras Constantine , Nock Destenie , Gregory Kelvin B. , Vaishnav Parth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Residential and commercial buildings account for 75% of electricity and 40% of the total energy consumption in the United States, costing over $400 billion annually. Electrification and energy efficiency retrofits offer a viable decarbonization pathway, especially since half of U.S. homes were built before modern building codes. These older homes are often occupied by low-to-moderate-income (LMI) families. Equitable electrification provides a unique opportunity to considerably reduce emissions in communities where energy bill savings have the most impact on household finances. This study evaluates how the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) impacts the adoption potential of air source heat pumps, heat pump water heaters and clothes dryers, and electric cooking ranges across income groups in the United States. Using a database which statistically represents the U.S. housing stock, we estimate indicative adoption potential of these technologies under scenarios that represent Pre-IRA conditions and a reference case with IRA provisions. After IRA rebates were introduced, adoption potential for LMI households more than doubled for air source heat pumps, heat pump water heaters, and electric cooking ranges and more than tripled for heat pump clothes dryers relative to Pre-IRA adoption potential. Cooking retrofits had the lowest adoption potential, and homes that electrified space heating without weatherization had greater adoption potential than those that underwent basic or enhanced enclosure upgrades. Our results show that the introduction of IRA rebates and a gradually decarbonizing grid substantially improves adoption potential for LMI households and even surpasses the adoption potential of middle and upper-income households.
Inhomogeneous aerosol forcing increasing tropical cyclone intensity in western North Pacific by weakening vertical wind shear
Authors: Yu Xiaochao , Lei Yadong , Wang Zhili , Zhao Dajun , Li Yingfang , Liu Lin , Wu Bo , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiao-Ye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Faced with increasing tropical cyclone (TC) intensity in the western North Pacific (WNP) in recent decades, the simultaneous decrease in vertical wind shear (VWS) has been considered an important contributor. However, anthropogenic contribution to this decreased VWS remains uncertain. Here, we isolate the individual effects of greenhouse gases, aerosols, natural forcings, and internal climate variability on the decreased VWS over the WNP using multi-model ensemble simulations. We find that Eurasia’s inhomogeneous aerosol forcing triggers a southeastward-propagating wave train from central Europe and a meridional circulation teleconnection over southeastern Eurasia, inducing anomalous westerlies at 200 hPa in the WNP monsoon trough (MT) region. This dominates the weakening of VWS in the MT region, thereby promoting dynamic conditions favorable for increased TC intensity. Given that aerosol emissions in Europe show limited potential for further reduction, future aerosol emissions mitigation in East Asia is expected to intensify VWS over the WNP, thereby dampening the intensification of TC.
The Mangrove Distribution Detection of National Capital Region (Case Study: Balikpapan Bay)
Authors: Gaffara Ghefra Rizkan , Pratama Muhammad Rizky , Kurniawan Surya , Nurhaidar Wa Ode 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Balikpapan Bay recorded 13 species with different distribution and density patterns based on the Importance Value Index, Rhizophora apiculata is the highest at 81.63%. At the sapling level, the number of mangrove species found in Balikpapan Bay was recorded at 15 species, the largest INP was owned by the Rhizophora apiculata species (168.71%). In the Balikpapan Bay mangrove forest, only 10 species of mangrove plants were found at the tree level, the largest INP was owned by the Rhizophora apiculata species (177.63%). The purpose of this study was to detect the distribution of mangrove forests and their density levels. The current condition of the distribution of mangrove forests in Balikpapan Bay was obtained through satellite imagery interpretation using Landsat 8. Mangrove density was identified using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculation.
The Total Economic Value of Bandar Bakau Mangrove Ecosystem, Dumai City, Riau Province
Authors: Insusanty Enny , Mulyadi Aras , Efriyeldi  , Warningsih Trisla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Efforts to sustainably preserve mangrove ecosystem was carried out by quantifying mangrove ecosystem environmental services with economic valuation. The Total Economic Value (TEV) of mangrove ecosystem consists of direct use value, indirect use value, option value and existence value. Economic valuation can be used as a reference in managing coastal areas to maintain the existence and sustainability of mangrove ecosystems. The aim of this research to estimate the economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Bandar Bakau Dumai. This research was obtained using survey methods and measuring the carbon stored in mangrove stands and questionnaires. Total economic value of mangrove ecosystem in Bandar Bakau Dumai was IDR 30.839.766.562. The value of direct benefit such as fish, shrimp and langkitang (molussca) was IDR 25.609.408.557 (83,04%). Whereast the direct benefit of timber was IDR 1.807.596.414 for with total timber volume of mangrove was 336,08 ha/m3. Meanwhile, the value of indirect benefit IDR 1.804.632.631 as carbon absorption was IDR. 1.204.656.631 and waterbreak was IDR 599.976.000. The value of option benefit was IDR 8.328.960 dan The existence benefits used Willingness To Pay (WTP) IDR. 1.609.800.000