bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Gender Responsive Spending in Rural Families in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ramasubramanian M , Selvarani G , Puthira Prathap D , Senthil Kumar M , Anuratha A 
Published: April 2021

A study was conducted among 120 as respondents in Six villages of Madurai district with the objective of analysing the determinants for gender neutral spending in families and to predict their willingness to spend gender neutrally. Ex-post facto research design was employed and the respondents were selected using random sampling procedure. The data was collected using a well-structured interview schedule. The results revealed that among the determinants differential needs of sons/daughters, earning of husband and wife, urge for giving good education, perceived importance of the issue, availability of money for spending were found to be highly influencing the respondents to spend gender neutrally in families. Similarly, Influence on relatives on spending decisions, influence of neighbours on spending decision, social values, spending for health were the determinants which were moderately influencing the gender neutral spending in families. Binary Logistic Regression results revealed that the willingness of a parent improves 18 times if he/she is influenced by differential need of son and daughters. Further, it was found that, if a parent is influenced by urge for giving good education, the odds of his/her willingness to neutrally spend in families would increase by a factor of 17.58 units.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN TITIK TETAP PADA MODEL MATEMATIKA PENYEBARAN HIV/AIDS
Authors: Lamusu Moch. Fahmi , Mamula Dewinta , Muhsana Fitriyani 
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang virus yang merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh, dengan menginfeksi dan menghancurkan sel CD4, yaitu virus HIV (human immunodefiency virus). Infeksi HIV yang tidak segera ditangani akan berkembang menjadi kondisi yang serius yang disebut AIDS (Acquired Immune Defiency Syndrome). Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah Mengetahui model epidemik SIA pada penularan penyakit HIV/AIDS, Mengetahui titik kesetimbangan dan melakukan analisis kestabilan dan Mengetahui penularan dan pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan jika kedua kota dalam kondisi endemik HIV/AIDS dibuktikan dengan nilai . Jika maka hanya terdapat satu titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit yang stabil. maka terdapat dua titik kesetimbangan, titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit yang tidak stabil, dan titik kesetimbangan endemi yang stabil.
Quantum Chemical Investigation of the Formation of Spiroheterocyclic Compounds Via the (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction of 1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one with Diazomethane and Nitrone Derivatives
Authors: Baffour Pipim George , Tia Richard , Adei Evans 
Published: April 2021

Spirocycles are important structures in drug development due to their inherent biological activity. Their complex architecture usually presents many synthetic difficulties which are efficiently resolved with detailed theoretical studies. The chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivities of the formation of spiroheterocyclic compounds via the (3 + 2) cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of 1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one (A1) derivatives with diazomethane and nitrone derivative have been studied at the M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The reactions of diazomethane (A2) and N-methyl-C-phenyl nitrone (A3) derivatives with 1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives (A1) occurs chemoselectively along the olefinic bond of A1 via an asynchronous one-step mechanism. Analysis of the electrophilic ( and nucleophilic ( Parr functions at the different reaction sites in A1 shows that A2 and A3 add across the atomic centers with the largest Mulliken and NBO atomic spin densities. Both electron-donating groups (EDGs) and electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) on the A3 molecule do not affect the observed preferred pathway in its 32CA reaction with A1 whereas the electronic and steric nature of the substituent on the A2 molecule influences the preferred pathway in the 32CA reaction of A1 and A2. The title reaction proceeds via forward electron denisity flux (FEDF), where electron density fluxes from the three-atom components (A2 and A3) to A1. The computed global electron density transfer (GEDT) values suggest that the 32CA of A1 with diazomethane is a polar reaction while the 32CA reaction of A1 with N-methyl-C-phenyl nitrone is a non-polar reaction, and an inverse relationship has been established between the polar character of the reactions and activation barriers. In all the reactions studied, the selectivities are kinetically controlled.
Rancang Bangun Alat Perekam Data Cuaca dengan Berbasis Internet Of Things
Authors: Setiawan Dimas , Prabowo Nanang Hadi , Sukoco Nawanto Budi 
Published: April 2021

Rancang Bangun Alat Perekam Data Cuaca dengan Berbasis Internet of Things merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk merekam Cuaca dan dimonitor menggunakan Internet Of Things, alat ini menggunakan beberapa sensor-sensor cuaca meliputi sensor arah dan kecepatan angin,sensor suhu dan kelembaban serta sensor tekanan udara. Alat ini dibuat bertujuan untuk bidang studi dan penelitian. Besar harapan penulis untuk bisa menyumbangkan pikiran dalam bentuk penelitian dan pengembangan mengenai teknologi dan pemenuhan kebutuhan peralatan yang berkaitan dengan teknologi berbasis Internet of Things sehingga akan bisa berguna sebagai alat monitoring cuaca dengan jangkauan tak terbatas menggunakan jaringan Internet.
Purwarupa Peralatan Pencitraan Bawah Laut Dilengkapi Penentu Posisi
Authors: Novebriawan Taufan , Delia Luddy Andreas , Kurniawan Endro Sigit , Suryo Kukuh , Mulyadi Dikdik Satria 
Published: April 2021

Sonar atau Sound Navigation and Ranging adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan posisi (jarak) menggunakan media gelombang suara. Sonar banyak dipakai untuk mengetahui situasi yang ada di dalam kolom air tertentu. Selain itu sonar juga berguna untuk mengukur jarak serta mencari atau mendeteksi suatu benda yang ada di bawah permukaan laut. Sonar bekerja dengan menggunakan prinsip mengirimkan gelombang suara dan akan dipantulkan kembali ketika gelombang tersebut mengenai suatu objek atau benda.
Dalam Tugas Akhir ini penulis bermaksud untuk mengembangkan purwarupa peralatan pencitraan bawah laut yang dilengkapi dengan penentu posisi. Hal ini merupakan salah satu usaha yang dilakukan dalam rangka mewujudkan kemandirian teknologi.
Active Optical Control with Machine Learning: A Proof of Concept for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Authors: Yin Jun E. , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Stubbs Christopher W. , Wang Yue 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Active Optics System of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (Rubin) uses information provided by four wave front sensors to determine deviations between the reconstructed wave front and the ideal wave front. The observed deviations are used to adjust the control parameters of the optical system to maintain image quality across the 3.°5 field of view. The baseline approach from the project is to obtain amplitudes of the Zernike polynomials describing the distorted wave front from out-of-focus images collected by the wave front sensors. These Zernike amplitudes are related via an “influence matrix” to the control parameters necessary to correct the wave front. In this paper, we use deep-learning methods to extract the control parameters directly from the images captured by the wave front sensors. Our neural net model uses anti-aliasing pooling to boost performance, and a domain-specific loss function to aid learning and generalization. The accuracy of the control parameters derived from our model exceeds Rubin requirements even in the presence of full-moon background levels and mis-centering of reference stars. Although the training process is time consuming, model evaluation requires only a few milliseconds. This low latency should allow for the correction of the optical configuration during the readout and slew interval between successive exposures.
The Causes of Peripheral Coronal Loop Contraction and Disappearance Revealed in a Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of Solar Eruption
Authors: Wang Juntao , Jiang Chaowei , Yuan Ding , Zou Peng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of peripheral coronal loop contraction during solar flares and eruptions, recently discovered in observations, has gradually drawn the attention of solar physicists. However, its underlying physical mechanism is still uncertain. One possible mechanism is Hudson’s implosion conjecture, which attributes the contraction of peripheral coronal loops to magnetic pressure reduction in the magnetic energy liberation core, while other researchers proposed alternative explanations. In previous observational studies we also note the disappearance of peripheral shrinking loops in the late phase, of which there is a lack of investigation and interpretation. In this paper, we exploit a full MHD simulation of solar eruption to study the causes of the two phenomena. It is found that the loop motion in the periphery is well correlated with magnetic energy accumulation and dissipation in the core, and the loop shrinkage is caused by a more significant reduction in magnetic pressure gradient force than in magnetic tension force, consistent with the implosion conjecture. The peripheral contracting loops in the late phase act as inflow to reconnect with central erupting structures, which destroys their identities and naturally explains their disappearance. We also propose a positive feedback between the peripheral magnetic reconnection and the central eruption.
Le « voleur dans la loi » comme horizon
Authors: Ferry Maroussia 
Published: April 2021

En Géorgie postsoviétique, le « voleur dans la loi » est une figure identificatoire centrale qui irrigue les socialités et l’univers moral des hommes pauvres, de leurs amitiés masculines de rue aux désignations hiérarchiques dans les cours d’école. Durant les années de crise aiguë après la chute de l’URSS, les « voleurs dans la loi » étaient particulièrement réputés et admirés pour les formes de solidarités et de justice coutumière qu’ils exerçaient localement. L’enquête ethnographique menée auprès de ces hors-la-loi permet de retracer leur itinéraire moral, dans un pays aujourd’hui en crise économique et morale, dans lequel les masculinités sont mises à l’épreuve d’un monde social perçu comme corrompu par le capitalisme et la prédation économique.
Le ciel est à nous
Authors: Aubin-Boltanski Emma , Magniez Thierry 
Published: April 2021

Le bidonville de Hayy Gharbé, dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, est majoritairement habité depuis 2011 par des réfugiés originaires du nord de la Syrie. Ceux-ci sont passés en quelques années d’une économie de la violence à une autre. De la barbarie d’un régime de terreur enraciné depuis 1963 en Syrie au chaos généré par la guerre civile, en passant par la brutalité de l’État islamique, ils sont désormais aux prises avec la violence des voyous (zu’rân) et des hommes de main (qabadayât) qui règnent sur Hayy Gharbé. Pour survivre, ils doivent apprendre à construire et à renouveler des alliances toujours incertaines et précaires. Cet apprentissage social est analysé, en images, à travers le portrait d’un Aleppin, Muhammad, qui doit d’autant plus composer avec les zu’rân et les qabadayât du bidonville qu’il partage avec certains de ces hommes une passion pour le « jeu des pigeons ». Depuis les toits de Beyrouth, théâtres d’une violence arbitraire, ces oiseaux cristallisent les jeux de pouvoir du bidonville.
Evaluation of web-based distance education of medicine for undergraduates in Sri Lanka
Authors: Silva D. , Randombage P. , Gankanda W. , Abeysekara N. , Edirisinghe V. , Chandrathilake M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction Purpose: To evaluate distance education via the web facilitates teaching through problem-based learning and incorporating scientific evidence in the context of practical application to medical undergraduates. Methods: Web-based distance teaching program based on the Zoom video conferencing software was developed and introduced into a selected group of medical students. Current knowledge about handling web-based resources, evaluation of learning activities, and self-evaluation of their involvement and participation of medical students were evaluated. Results: The provision of lectures and relevant notes through the internet was emphasized during this study. A satisfactory response was observed regarding obtaining factual knowledge. This method was considered relatively ineffective with relevance to the application of knowledge, development of clinical skills, and improvement of professional attitudes. Students believed that it helped to improve the ability of critical thinking, refine reasoning skills, and enhance the capacity of mediating subject matter. Students had a general idea regarding using this method as a supplementary education strategy. The majority of the participants demonstrated considerable satisfaction towards this method, and most of them were prepared to recommend this method for another person. The students had disclosed that lectures showed significantly higher skills while teaching through this method, especially they believed that this distant learning method provided an additional benefit for face to face clinical teaching procedures. Conclusion: When generally considered, a satisfactory response was received regarding the learning outcomes of using this method, and the quality of participation of students was extremely positive.
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and comfort concerning human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome field education understanding among Kanpur Dehat, Indian rural school educators
Authors: Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Singh Garima , Nigam Kriti , Srivastava Akash 
Published: April 2021

CONTEXT:
Countries were left ravaged as the fastest increasing path of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) infection, hence the epidemic misconceptions surrounding the path of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the populations. According to the latest national AIDS management organization survey on HIV/AIDS, North central India is regarded as low awareness and low prevalence area.

AIMS:
This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and comfort regarding HIV/AIDS among Kanpur Dehat rural school educators.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out on a total of 110 rural school educators of government and private schools.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
A pretested, self-structured, close-ended questionnaire was administered that consisted of 30 questions.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The information gathered was incorporated in a foundational way and t-test was applied and P value was determined.

RESULTS:
Among 110 school educators, females were more in number (56.36%). Private school educators scored more mean (standard deviation) in terms of knowledge (68 ± 5.83), attitude (50 ± 5.82), and comfort (49 ± 6.60) when compared to government school educators. Government school educators were uncertain about methods of transmitting AIDS. Maximum school educators were unaware of the different myths concerning AIDS.

CONCLUSIONS:
The knowledge, attitude, and comfort of rural school educators among the government school teachers were found to be unsatisfactory. Information is an effort to improve the high-risk conduct of every illness and to build an understanding of HIV/AIDS. We will seek to increase awareness among educators of rural schools by holding workshops at regular intervals and enhancing their comprehension.
Efficacy of 1 versus 3 days of intravenous amikacin as a prophylaxis for patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Jayanth Selvin Theodore , Chandrasingh J. , Sahni Rani Diana , Mukha Rajiv Paul , Kumar Santosh , Devasia Antony , Kekre Nitin Sudhakar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
There are no uniform guidelines on the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1 day versus 3 days of intravenous amikacin as prophylaxis, before TURP.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective randomized control trial, patients with sterile preoperative urine culture were randomized to receive either 1 day (Group A) or 3 days (Group B) of intravenous (IV) amikacin. All patients had their catheter removed on the 3rd day and a midstream urine culture was obtained on the 4th day. The follow-up was scheduled at 1 week and at 1 month. The rate of bacteriuria on the 4th postoperative day was analyzed as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI), its risk factors, and other complications at 1 month.

Results:
Of the 338 patients randomized, 314 patients were evaluable until day 7 and 307 until 1 month. Bacteriuria rate at day 4 (Group A: 8.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2–13.2]; Group B: 4.4% [95% CI: 1.2%–7.7%], P = 0.124, Fisher's exact test) was similar in both the groups. At 1 month, the rate of symptomatic UTI was also similar in both the groups (3.5% [95% CI: 0.8–6.9] vs. 1.7% [95% CI: 0.2–4.2], P = 0.344, Fisher's exact test). Bacteriuria (colony-forming unit, >104/ml) at day 4 was a significant risk factor for developing symptomatic UTI (P = 0.006). Antibiotic resistance was higher in Group B (P = 0.002) (Group A: 7.1% [95% CI: 6.3–20] vs. Group B: [71%, CI: 38–104], P = 0.0021, Fisher's exact test).

Conclusion:
One day is possibly noninferior to 3 days of IV amikacin as prophylaxis in patients undergoing TURP with respect to bacteriuria and symptomatic UTI, with an added advantage of lower antibiotic resistance.
The use of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery as an additional approach to upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Grande Marco Serafino , Campobasso Davide , Inzillo Raffaele , Moretti Matteo , Facchini Francesco , Kwe Jean Emmanuel , Frattini Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
With increasing experience and advancing technology, endoscopy for UTUC has become more common. Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery (ECIRS) could be an option for patients with low-grade and large-volume UTUC that could be either anatomically or technically challenging to manage by retrograde flexible ureterorenoscopy.

Materials and Methods:
In this video, we describe, step by step, our ECIRS technique as applied to two selected clinical cases of UTUC.

Conclusion:
ECIRS could represent a useful approach to UTUC in selected cases. The advantage of the “endovision” puncture and dilation technique is in the avoidance of entering the renal calyx at the level of the tumor. In addition, the combined approach, compared to the purely percutaneous approach, allows access to, and treatment of, neoplasms located in all renal calyces.
Clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Verma Sudhir K. , Gupta Kamlesh K. , Arya Rajesh K. , Kumar Vivek , Reddy D. Himanshu , Chaudhary Shyam C. , Sonkar Satyendra K. , Kumar Satish , Verma Neeraj , Sharma Deepak 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Scrub typhus is a neglected rickettsial disease in India. Every year, we are facing outbreaks of Scrub typhus after Monsoon season. Patients present with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from pyrexia of unknown origin to multiple organ dysfunction. Some of these clinical features overlap with presentation of other tropical infections prevalent in Indian subcontinent, which leads to diagnostic dilemma and delay in diagnosis. Hence, we planned this study to know the demographic, clinical and biochemical profile of scrub typhus patients.

Methods:
This was an observational study conducted in department of Medicine, King George's Medical University Lucknow, India a leading tertiary care hospital of Northern India. All scrub typhus patients were evaluated by detailed history, examination and laboratory tests.

Results:
We enrolled 52 patients in our study. The mean age of the patients was 35.17 ± 16.90 years with majority (82.7%) of patients from rural background. All the patients had fever with an average duration of 9.6 ± 2 days. Most of the patients developed hepatitis (69.2%) followed by acute encephalitis syndrome (47%), acute kidney injury (23.1%) and acute respiratory failure (19.2%). Eschar was found in 11 patients (21.2%).

Conclusion:
Scrub typhus is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late due to its wide clinical spectrum overlapping with clinical presentation of other commonly prevalent tropical diseases. One should always consider the differential diagnosis of scrub typhus while evaluating a young febrile patient of rural background, with features of single or multiple organ dysfunction and laboratory findings of leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and elevation of transaminases.
Number needed to screen to prevent progression of liver fibrosis to cirrhosis at primary health centers
Authors: Nagappa Bharathnag , Ramalingam Archana , Rastogi Aayushi , Dubey Shantanu , Thomas Sherin Sarah , Gupta Ekta , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Early diagnosis has been a bottleneck in the care of chronic liver disease patients and can be addressed by Community-based screening for liver fibrosis using non-invasive diagnostic techniques.

Objectives:
The study aimed to determine the prevalence of liver fibrosis and the number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent the progression of fibrosis, among adults visiting urban Primary Health Centres (PHC).

Methods:
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2018 to April 2019 in 72 randomly chosen PHCs using a mobile screening van. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect relevant history from adult patients and patient attenders. A venous blood sample was collected for biochemical markers and Transient Elastography was also done to measure Liver stiffness (LSM). LSM ≥6.0 kPa was taken as the cut-off for detecting liver fibrosis. Lifestyle modifications and alcohol cessations were considered as interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) respectively, to calculate NNS.

Results:
7624 participants were recruited in the study with a mean age of 46 ± 12 years. Around 35.5% of participants had liver fibrosis and 3% had cirrhosis. Nearly 4% had ALD and 30% had NAFLD. NNS for preventing progression of fibrosis for ALD and NAFLD was 12 and 29 respectively. NNS was least among obese, diabetes and hypertensive participants.

Conclusion:
One-third of adults visiting urban PHCs had significant liver fibrosis. Low NNS to prevent the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis among alcohol users and other high-risk groups, substantiates the need for screening among these groups.