bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISOLASI 24-ETIL-5-KOLESTEN-3β-OL DARI DAGING BUAH JERUK KESTURI (Citrus mitis Blanco)
Authors: . Fauzan 
Published: March 2021

Pada pemeriksaan pendahuluan diketahui bahwa ekstrak sari buah jeruk kesturi (citrus mitis Blanco) mengandung steroid. Atas dasar pertimbangan ini maka dicoba mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi jenis dan struktur steroid dari sari buah jeruk tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang jenis steroid yang terdapat dalam sari buah jeruk kesturi serta melengkapi data tentang kandungan kimia jeruk kesturi (citrus mitis Blanco). Ekstraksi dan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etil asetat yang diikuti triturasi dengan pelarut heksana. Fraksi positif terhadap uji steroid dengan kandungan yang relatif tinggi adalah fraksi heksana. Komponen-komponen kimia steroid kasar dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom dengan menggunakan fasa diam silika gel dan fasa gerak berbagai macam campuran pelarut. Senyawa hasil isolasi berbentuk kristal jarum tak bewarna. Untuk penentuan struktur molekul senyawa hasil isolasi digunakan spektrometer ultraviolet, infra merah, RMI proton, RMI karbon, dan spektrum masa. Spektrum IR hasil isolasi memberikan serapan maksimum pada panjang gelombang 3407 cm, 1050 cm, 2935, 1618, 4 cm, 1472, 2 cm. Spektrum RMI proton memberikan puncak puncak dengan pergeseran kimia 5,35 : 3,55 : 2,3 : 0,70 : dan 0,68 ppm. Spektrum C-13 memberikan pergeseran kimia pada 11,840 11,960 12,240 18,775; 19,008; 19,381; 19,804; 21,061; 21,198;23,039; 24,286; 26,024; 28,232; 29,114; 29,122; 31,631; 31,879; 33,916; 36,133; 36,480; 37,228; 39,746; 42,273; 45,804, 50,110; 51,219; 56,023; 56,743; 71,801; 121,719 dan 140,729 ppm. Spektrum masa memberikan kelimpahan isotop dengan m/z pada 414 (100%), 396(80%), 381(45%), 329(42%), 255(52%),dan 231(22%). Berdasarkan data dan informasi dari identifikasi yang dilakukan, maka senyawa hasil isolasi dari daging buah jeruk kesturi (citrus mitis Blanco) adalah steroid sebanyak 18,54 mg jarum tak bewarna dengan titik leleh 162,3; 164,2 ºC. Jenis steroid tersebut di perkirakan 24-etil-5 kolesten3-beta-ol (β sitosterol).
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN BESI PADA AIR SUNGAI SIAK DI PEKANBARU
Authors: Sandra Revi Yulia , Siswani Ranti , Rahma Novita , Sepryani Harni 
Published: March 2021

Besi adalah salah satu parameter pemeriksaan kualitas air. Besi dalam air menyebabkan warna air kuning-coklat, terasa pahit, serta dapat meninggalkan noda pada pakaian, dan pengendapan pada dinding pipa. Konsentrasi besi yang berlebih dalam tubuh dapat mennyebabkan permeabilitas dinding pembuluh darah kapiler meningkat sehingga plasma darah akan merembes keluar, merusak dinding usus, dan mengakibatkan kematian. Sungai Siak yang terletak di Provinsi Riau dibentuk oleh tanah gambut, yang memiliki kandungan besi pada perairannya. Sampel yang digunakan adalah air Sungai Siak. Analisis kandungan besi pada sampel diukur dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 510 nm. Rerata konsentrasi besi pada sampel air Sungai Siak masih di bawah ambang batas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001.
HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) TERHADAP KADAR TRIGLISERIDA PADA WANITA USIA 40-60 TAHUN
Authors: H Hartini , Febiola Wiranti 
Published: March 2021

Makanan diperlukan dalam pembentukan energi dalam tubuh. Makanan umumnya mengandung asupan gizi salah satunya adalah lemak. Lemak yang masuk ke dalam tubuh termasuk asam lemak dan trigliserida. Trigliserida adalah lemak darah yang berfungsi sebagai cadangan energi tubuh, isolator dan pelindung tubuh. Penentuan status gizi dilakukan dengan perhitungan indeks massa tubuh sebagai indikator dalam menilai obesitas. Penentuan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) didapatkan dengan membandingkan Berat Badan (BB) terhadap Tinggi Badan (TB). Pengukuran IMT relatif lebih mudah, murah, cepat, dan sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) terhadap kadar trigliserida pada wanita usia 40-60 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasi dan eksperimental. Sampel diambil mengunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 30 orang terdapat Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) kurus (<17,5–18,5) sebanyak 3 orang (10%), normal (>18,5–25,0) sebanyak 14 orang (46,7%), dan gemuk (>25,0–27,0) sebanyak 13 orang (43,3%). Berdasarkan kelompok rerata kadar trigliserida didapatkan trigliserida normal (<150 mg/dL) sebanyak 27 orang (90%), trigliserida tinggi (200-499 mg/dL) sebanyak 3 orang (10%). Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Chi-Squarare dan didapatkan hasil PValue (0,149) dan nilai α (0,05), yang menunjukan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT).
UJI KADAR SAKARIN PADA MINUMAN RINGAN BERMEREK YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Rosmiati Karolina 
Published: March 2021

Food addtives plays an important role in the production of beverages to improve the quality, taste and shelf life of beverages products significantly. Saccharin is widely used as artificial sweetener in soft drinks manufacturing industries, including branded soft drinks with plastic packaging. The purpose of this research was to determine the levels of saccharin in branded soft drinks with plastic packaging sold at Pasar Kodim Pekanbaru. The samples were collected by purposive random sampling. five samples were analyzed by qualitative test using resorcinol reagent and quantitative test with alkalimetric titration methods. The qualitative test showed that all samples were positive for saccharin indicated by the changes of color turning green fluorescence. The level of saccharin in the samples ranged between 160 – 580 mg/kg of ingredients. The higest levels of saccharin (580 mg/kg) was assayed in sample E, and the smallest level ( 160 mg/kg)was assayed in sample B and C. According to Permenkes no.722/Menkes/Per/IX/1988 concerning food additives, maximal saccharin levels allowed in soft drink was 300 mg/kg of ingredients or 5 mg/kg of body weight. Only one sample (sample E) exceeded the limit of maximal saccharin levels allowed in soft drink. Samples A, B, C, dan D that had been tested could be considered as safe to be consumed, but the daily intake should be in caution.
PEMERIKSAAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DAN KREATININ PADA LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS KOTARAJA JAYAPURA
Authors: Sinaga Herlando , Jagad Dewita Selendang , Suwae Chartenzia 
Published: March 2021

Lansia merupakan bagian dari proses tumbuh kembang manusia setelah dewasa (usia 60 tahun) yang ditandai dengan kemunduran fisik, kemunduran fungsi organ, dan sebagainya. Akibat penurunan kapasitas fungsi organ ini, lansia umumnya dalam menanggapi berbagai rangsangan tidak seefektif seperti pada orang yang lebih muda. Gangguan ini menyebabkan disfungsi berbagai sistem organ dan meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Beberapa sistem tubuh yang terganggu diantaranya pengaturan kadar glukosa darah dan kreatinin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa darah dan kreatinin pada lansia di Puskesmas Kotaraja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan uji laboratorium. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien lansia yang datang untuk melakukan pemeriksaan. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 sampel. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah darah vena pasien lansia. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemeriksaan ini yaitu metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar glukosa darah tinggi terdapat pada 29% sampel sedangkan 71% sampel lainnya memiliki kadar normal, dan pada kadar kreatinin 63% sampel tinggi sedangkan 37% sampel lainnya normal.
Rehearing “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” in an Era of Global Decolonization: ASK YOUR MAMA's Jazz Poetics
Authors: Challener Scott 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This essay examines the reception and reinvention of “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” in ASK YOUR MAMA: 12 MOODS FOR JAZZ. It argues that Hughes reconstitutes “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” in “Blues in Stereo”—the fifth section or “mood” of ASK YOUR MAMA—for the era of global decolonization. He does so by embracing jazz as the primary communicative context and mode of address. Hughes's effort illuminates the uneasy tensions that animate the book's differential address to black and white US readerships as well as to readers outside of the U.S. and the Anglophone world. The tensions internal to Hughes's final book-length poem owe their existence to contradictions that Hughes and his contemporaries wrestled with in the period; namely, that the articulation of the possibilities for black internationalist solidarity made them vulnerable to technological “capture” by the culture industry and the State Department. By reflecting on its status as a text mediated both by jazz and by technologies of reproduction, Hughes's later work enjoins us to read and hear it as political precisely in its redistribution of sound and sense. By design, MAMA's jazz poetics sustain alternative structures of address and anticipation that are protective of the collective possibility of reading, playing, and hearing the future otherwise.
Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Wang Wendy Y. , Yong Gordon W.J. , Jaitrong Weeyawat 
Published: March 2021

The actual prevalence and diversity of the elusive Asian ant genus Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900 in Southeast Asia are largely unknown; only two named species were previously known from Thailand. Following substantial newly-collected museum material made available, we used a combined approach based on morphology and complementary DNA evidence to revise the genus in Thailand. Specimens were sorted to putative species by objective clustering of short fragment (313 bp) COI barcodes, after which specimens of each molecular cluster were morphologically examined. With morphology and supporting genetic evidence, we recognize five species of Rhopalomastix in Thailand, including three species new to science: R. impithuksai Wang &#38; Jaitrong sp. nov., R. parva Wang &#38; Jaitrong sp. nov., and R. robusta Wang &#38; Jaitrong sp. nov. Different castes and sexes are described for most species where available. Descriptions of the two extant described species – R. javana Wheeler, 1929 and R. johorensis Wheeler, 1929 – are also revised, taking into account observations from the additional material. A key to Thai species based on the worker caste, with the three new species included, is further provided.
Judicatura, abogacía e igualdad de género
Authors: Fernández Galiño María Dolores , Lousada Arochena Jose Fernando 
Published: March 2021

Las profesiones jurídicas han estado históricamente vedadas a las mujeres debido al prejuicio de su incapacidad para ocupar el espacio público. Por ello, no ha habido mujeres juristas en ningún momento hasta el Siglo XIX, en que tímidamente empezaron las primeras mujeres a estudiar la Carrera de Derecho. Aunque aún hasta bien entrado el Siglo XX se mantuvieron vigentes prohibiciones que las impedían ser Juezas, Fiscalas o Notarias. Eliminadas esas prohibiciones, las mujeres han pasado a integrar las profesiones jurídicas de manera masiva. Pero el prejuicio que las expulsaba de la vida pública, y que las ataba al hogar, sigue vigente, lo que ha determinado que, aún hoy día, existan numerosos déficits de igualdad: escasas mujeres en las cúpulas judiciales, situaciones de menosprecio, brecha salarial.
Legal professions have historically been banned from women due to the prejudice of their inability to occupy public space. Therefore, there have been no women jurists at any time until the 19th century, when the first women timidly began to study the Law Degree. Although even well into the 20th century, prohibitions remained that prevented them from being Judges, Prosecutors or Notaries. With these prohibitions removed, women have begun to integrate legal professions in a massive way. But the prejudice that expelled them from public life, and that bound them to the home, is still in force, which has determined that, even today, there are numerous equality deficits: few women in judicial high courts, harassment, wage gap.
Los modelos y el papel de las mujeres en la comedia ilustrada. Un caso práctico de su enseñanza y análisis en las aulas universitarias desde el enfoque de género
Authors: Martínez-López Maribel 
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta el estudio de los motivos temáticos ilustrados y las características estéticas de la comedia neoclásica de buenas costumbres aplicados a la obra La familia a la moda, de Mª Rosa de Gálvez, tal y como se desarrolla su análisis en el aula dentro de una asignatura del Grado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica. El acercamiento a la literatura española del siglo XVIII desde un enfoque de género motiva el interés del alumnado por un amplio número de obras de la época, no solo teatrales, a la vez que favorece el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y la adquisición de competencias, así como el logro de los resultados de aprendizaje marcados.
The article presents the study of the illustrated thematic motifs and the aesthetic characteristics of the neoclassical comedy of good customs applied to the work La familia a la moda, by Mª Rosa de Gálvez, as its analysis is carried out in the classroom within a subject of the Degree in Hispanic Language and Literature. The approach to Spanish Literature of the Eighteenth Century from a gender perspective motivates students' interest in a large number of works of the period, not only theatrical, while also promoting the development of critical thinking and the acquisition of skills, as well such as achieving marked learning outcomes.
Marx, l’industrie et son désoeuvrement
Authors: Bernier Émilie 
Published: March 2021

Ce texte propose une réflexion sur la pertinence actuelle de la confiance que Marx plaçait dans le mouvement de l’industrialisation. En analysant les modalités de production de la valeur qui ont cours au sein des économies postfordistes, l’auteure décrit une forme d’exploitation intensifiée se basant de plus en plus sur des processus cognitifs, communicationnels et affectifs, qu’elle comprend d’après ce qu’elle appelle un « paradigme pornographique ». Loin de constituer une entrave à la critique et à la résistance, ce modèle présente le capitalisme actuel comme structure de relations : la matière « biopsychique » qui fait l’objet de cette domination en est une qui, par définition, résiste. L’auteure défend l’hypothèse qu’une certaine faculté plastique et créatrice du vivant permet d’envisager que la poursuite et l’approfondissement du processus industriel attendus par Marx se renversent en désoeuvrement, c’est-à-dire en une composition telle que la puissance productive, dans son propre approfondissement, échappe à toute forme de valorisation.
Art et marchandise : penser le travail artistique avec Marx
Authors: Bédard Pascale 
Published: March 2021

Comment penser l’art, comme réalité objective et pratique de création, mais aussi en tant que marchandise ou contre-marchandise ? Cet article prend pour point de départ la critique de la marchandise proposée par Marx afin de poser un regard sur le fonctionnement social, culturel et économique de l’art aujourd’hui. Il soutient que l’oeuvre d’art entretient un rapport complexe et nuancé au monde marchand, ce qui entraîne des conséquences importantes sur l’intégration sociale du travail artistique. Le problème principal de l’articulation entre art et marchandise demeure la question du travail, c’est-à-dire celle de l’artiste lui-même, qui cherche à reproduire sa vie économique, tout en maintenant une pratique fondée dans un autre ordre de finalité. Dans le contexte du capitalisme contemporain, où les valeurs d’authenticité et de créativité triomphent sur les marchés, le travail artistique ne peut être compris sans interroger la notion de vocation et son usage social. Ce faisant, c’est aussi les questions du travail productif, du travail libre, de l’exploitation et du fétichisme qui peuvent renouveler la réflexion sociologique sur la pratique de l’art aujourd’hui.
Phénoménologie de l’esprit pétrifié : Marx, critique de l’organisation capitaliste
Authors: L’Italien François 
Published: March 2021

La théorie critique du capital proposée par Marx dans son ouvrage éponyme contient des matériaux conceptuels susceptibles de rendre compte de la formation et des caractéristiques d’un nouveau mode de régulation de la pratique succédant à celui qui a animé les institutions politiques dans le monde moderne. Partant des analyses avancées dans la section IV du Capital, qui portent sur les formes typiques de l’organisation capitaliste, le présent article soutient qu’elles peuvent être lues comme une contribution sociologique à la théorisation critique du système de domination contemporain, caractérisé par le déploiement de dispositifs de contrôle tendanciellement dépourvus de toute réflexivité et de toute finalité substantielle. C’est cependant dans le miroir de la relecture critique de la philosophie hégélienne de l’État qu’une telle contribution peut être pleinement appréciée, puisqu’elle y trouve le motif philosophique et sociologique fondamental par lequel est saisie la logique de l’organisation comme autodéveloppement d’un principe rationnel objectif subordonnant les pratiques particulières à une totalité à portée universelle.
Autopsie d’une erreur de jeunesse : les apories de la critique marxienne de l’institutionnalisme de Hegel
Authors: Filion Jean-François 
Published: March 2021

La Contribution à la critique de la philosophie du droit de Hegel, rédigée en 1843 par un Karl Marx alors âgé de vingt-cinq ans, s’avère une oeuvre cruciale de l’histoire de la pensée, qui demeure aujourd’hui d’une grande importance théorique et pratique. C’est en ayant à l’esprit le fait que Marx adhère à une forme d’optimisme anthropologique méconnaissant la nécessité de la médiation politico-juridique pour l’autonomie subjective que nous tenterons d’exposer en quoi son rejet du soi-disant « mysticisme » hégélien s’avère une brillante erreur de jeunesse qu’il reproduira, cependant, dans ses textes ultérieurs. En effet, après plus d’un siècle de sciences sociales et psychologiques, nous savons que la constitution de l’identité implique une dialectique de la reconnaissance intersubjective garantie par la médiation d’un tiers symbolique institué. Nous proposons également de relativiser la radicalité de la critique marxienne de Hegel en tentant de réinscrire la pensée spéculative des institutions dans la signification ontologique du surgissement de la vie sur Terre et du rôle que prennent les médiations culturelles et politico-juridiques dans le maintien et le développement de l’existence humaine.
The Harvard Jerusalem Studio
Authors: Safdie Moshe 
Published: March 2021

These studies, conducted in 1980-1984 by teams of faculty, students, consultants, and advisors from the Jerusalem planning community and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, provide a unique sense of Jerusalem's natural and built environment, its livability, cultural diversity, and political and religious tensions.
Modern Jerusalem is one of the most fascinating laboratories for urban development. These studies, conducted in 1980-1984 by teams of faculty, students, consultants, and advisors from the Jerusalem planning community and the Harvard Graduate School of Design, provide a unique sense of Jerusalem's natural and built environment, its livability, cultural diversity, and political and religious tensions. The more than 500 illustrations include contemporary plans and drawings as well as lithographs, engravings, and historical material that convey the special quality of the Holy City. Moshe Safdie, who initiated and directed the Jerusalem studio, discusses the urban design program at Harvard in his introduction to the book. In the first three chapters, he traces Jerusalem's heritage, presents the Old City and its visual basin, and details projects for Damascus Gate (where "all the ingredients, problems, and opportunities that have made urban design a necessary activity are demonstrated"). The remaining chapters focus on the forces of change and how to plan for explosive growth in the new city outside the wall. They present plans for the downtown or central business district, the new satellite towns to the north and south, and the green belt surrounding the city. A final chapter returns to Damascus Gate and presents designs for the no-man's-land, (known as the Seam) outside it. This strategic parcel of land links the Arab and Israeli business districts and the Old City markets. Working with local communities and the municipality, three GSD graduates developed the design that was given the first Progressive Architecture Urban Design Award in 1985. So compelling was this proposal that the municipality intends to implement it. The Jerusalem studio program was not only pedagogically significant but also of great practical value for the city of Jerusalem. The teams shed light on the opportunities and predicaments of a great historic city undergoing rapid growth and development and offered some brilliant design strategies. While the studies focus on Jerusalem, the issues they address - such as how new development can be made to harmonize with historic architecture and the impact that new commercial centers have on a strongly divided population - are relevant to many cities.
Comparison of Glycaemic Indices of Four Nigerian Staple Diets in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Maureen Odu Nwamaka , Solomon Attah Izuchukwu ` , Joseph Akor , Faith Ugwoke Ifeanyi , Edith Okey Nwakaego , Jessica Odo Eberechukwu , Kenneth Ogbonna Ejike , Benjamin Ezema Onyebuchi , Bennett Nwanguma Chima 
Published: March 2021

The glycaemic indices (GI) of food paste made from wheat, corn, yam, flours and garri in apparently healthy rats using glucose as standard control and water as normal control were determined through Laboratory-experimental design. This was achieved based on the effect of these different selected carbohydrate diets on postprandial glycaemia of the animal model which resulted on variable glucose response. The proximate analysis of the processed diet from wheat, corn and yam showed higher fat and protein contents than that of gari diet. Also, yam diet showed the lowest carbohydrate. The fibre content was shown to be higher in gari with the lowest in yam containing diet. Each of these selected carbohydrate diets contained 56.85% starch. A total of eighteen (18) adult male wistar rats divided into six groups which consisted of three rats each were used in the course of this study. Animals were starved throughout the night for twelve (12) hours and their blood glucose level tested at time zero, before the test food containing 2 grammes of carbohydrate per kilogramme body weight were cautiously administered. After a time interval of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, the blood glucose was determined. α-amylase digestibility of the yam, corn, and wheat diets were higher than that of garri diet. The glycaemic index of yam diet (73.8%) was the highest, followed by that of corn diet (70.4%), wheat diet (70.2%) and garri (61.5%). The glycaemic indices of all the rat diets were less than that of the glucose standard (100%). Comparatively, the glycaemic indices of yam, wheat and corn diets did not differ significantly (p>0.05), while that of garri was significantly (p<0.05) lower.