bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical considerations and patient safety concerns for cancelling non-urgent surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review
Authors: Brown Nolan J. , Wilson Bayard , Szabadi Stephen , Quon Cameron , Ong Vera , Himstead Alexander , Shlobin Nathan A. , Yang Chen Yi , Lien Brian V. , Shahrestani Shane , Tran Katelynn , Tafreshi Ali R. , Birkenbeuel Jack , Ransom Seth C. , Choi Elliot H. , Sahyouni Ronald , Chan Alvin Y. , Kheriaty Aaron , Yang Isaac 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAt the time of writing of this article, there have been over 110 million cases and 2.4 million deaths worldwide since the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, postponing millions of non-urgent surgeries. Existing literature explores the complexities of rationing medical care. However, implications of non-urgent surgery postponement during the COVID-19 pandemic have not yet been analyzed within the context of the four pillars of medical ethics. The objective of this review is to discuss the ethics of elective surgery cancellation during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy. This review hypothesizes that a more equitable decision-making algorithm can be formulated by analyzing the ethical dilemmas of elective surgical care during the pandemic through the lens of these four pillars. This paper’s analysis shows that non-urgent surgeries treat conditions that can become urgent if left untreated. Postponement of these surgeries can cause cumulative harm downstream. An improved algorithm can address these issues of beneficence by weighing local pandemic stressors within predictive algorithms to appropriately increase surgeries. Additionally, the potential harms of performing non-urgent surgeries extend beyond the patient. Non-maleficence is maintained through using enhanced screening protocols and modifying surgical techniques to reduce risks to patients and clinicians. This model proposes a system to transfer patients from areas of high to low burden, addressing the challenge of justice by considering facility burden rather than value judgments concerning the nature of a particular surgery, such as cosmetic surgeries. Autonomy can be respected by giving patients the option to cancel or postpone non-urgent surgeries. However, in the context of limited resources in a global pandemic, autonomy is not absolute. Non-urgent surgeries can ethically be postponed in opposition to the patient’s preference. The proposed algorithm attempts to uphold the four principles of medical ethics in rationing non-urgent surgical care by building upon existing decision models, using additional measures of resource burden and surgical safety to increase health care access and decrease long-term harm as much as possible. The next global health crisis will undoubtedly present its own unique challenges. This model may serve as a comprehensive starting point in determining future guidelines for non-urgent surgical care.
Crosstalk between microRNA expression and DNA methylation drives the hormone-dependent phenotype of breast cancer
Authors:   OSBREAC, Aure Miriam Ragle , Fleischer Thomas , Bjørklund Sunniva , Ankill Jørgen , Castro-Mondragon Jaime A. , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Tost Jörg , Sahlberg Kristine K. , Mathelier Anthony , Tekpli Xavier , Kristensen Vessela N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal DNA methylation is observed as an early event in breast carcinogenesis. However, how such alterations arise is still poorly understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play key roles in various biological processes. Here, we integrate miRNA expression and DNA methylation at CpGs to study how miRNAs may affect the breast cancer methylome and how DNA methylation may regulate miRNA expression.MethodsmiRNA expression and DNA methylation data from two breast cancer cohorts, Oslo2 (n = 297) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 439), were integrated through a correlation approach that we term miRNA-methylation Quantitative Trait Loci (mimQTL) analysis. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify clusters of miRNAs and CpGs that were further characterized through analysis of mRNA/protein expression, clinicopathological features, in silico deconvolution, chromatin state and accessibility, transcription factor binding, and long-range interaction data.ResultsClustering of the significant mimQTLs identified distinct groups of miRNAs and CpGs that reflect important biological processes associated with breast cancer pathogenesis. Notably, two major miRNA clusters were related to immune or fibroblast infiltration, hence identifying miRNAs associated with cells of the tumor microenvironment, while another large cluster was related to estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Studying the chromatin landscape surrounding CpGs associated with the estrogen signaling cluster, we found that miRNAs from this cluster are likely to be regulated through DNA methylation of enhancers bound by FOXA1, GATA2, and ER-alpha. Further, at the hub of the estrogen cluster, we identified hsa-miR-29c-5p as negatively correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A, a key enzyme regulating DNA methylation. We found deregulation of hsa-miR-29c-5p already present in pre-invasive breast lesions and postulate that hsa-miR-29c-5p may trigger early event abnormal DNA methylation in ER-positive breast cancer.ConclusionsWe describe how miRNA expression and DNA methylation interact and associate with distinct breast cancer phenotypes.
Elevated APOBEC mutational signatures implicate chronic injury in etiology of an aggressive head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Patel Jena , den Breems Nicoline Y. , Tuluc Madalina , Johnson Jennifer , Curry Joseph M , South Andrew P. , Cho Raymond J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Aggressive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) present frequently in the context of chronic skin injury occurring in patients with the congenital blistering disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Recently, these cancers were shown to harbor mutation signatures associated with endogenous deaminases of the active polynucleotide cytosine deaminase family, collectively termed APOBEC, and clock-like COSMIC [Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer] signatures, which are associated with normal aging and might result from cumulative DNA replication errors. We present a case of a nasal septal SCC arising in the context of recurrent injury, but also modest past tobacco use. Our genetic analysis of this tumor reveals unusually high APOBEC and clock-like but low tobacco-related COSMIC signatures, suggesting that chronic injury may have played a primary role in somatic mutation. This case report demonstrates how signature-based analyses may implicate key roles for certain mutagenic forces in individual malignancies such as head-and-neck SCC, with multiple etiological origins.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 43-year-old male former smoker who presented with congestion and swelling following a traumatic nasal fracture. During surgery, the mucosa surrounding the right nasal valve appeared abnormal, and biopsies revealed invasive keratinizing SCC. Frozen section biopsies revealed multiple areas to be positive for SCC. Gene sequencing showed loss of PTEN (exons 2–8), CDKN2A/B and TP53 (exons 8–9), MYC amplification, and BLM S338*. Exome sequencing data also revealed that 36% of mutations matched an APOBEC mutational signature (COSMIC signatures 2 and 13) and 53% of mutations matched the clock-like mutation signature (COSMIC signature 5). These proportions place this tumor in the 90th percentile bearing each signature, independently, in a reference data set combining cutaneous and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) head and neck SCC data. In contrast, few mutations harbored a tobacco-related COSMIC signature 4, representing about the 10th percentile in our reference SCC data set. The patient was treated with partial rhinectomy with local flap reconstruction, bilateral neck dissection, and adjuvant radiation therapy; the patient remains disease-free to date.

Conclusion
Based on comparative mutational signature analysis, we propose that the history of tobacco use and traumatic injury may have collaborated in activating APOBEC enzymes and the clock-like mutational process, ultimately leading to cancer formation. Clinical awareness of the relationship between epithelial injury and tumorigenesis should enhance earlier detection of this particularly aggressive type of cancer.
A modified proximal point algorithm involving nearly asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Khatoon Sabiya , Cholamjiak Watcharaporn , Uddin Izhar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a modified proximal point algorithm based on the Thakur iteration process to approximate the common element of the set of solutions of convex minimization problems and the fixed points of two nearly asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings in the framework of$\operatorname{CAT}(0)$CAT(0)spaces. We also prove the Δ-convergence of the proposed algorithm. We also provide an application and numerical result based on our proposed algorithm as well as the computational result by comparing our modified iteration with previously known Sahu’s modified iteration.
A new generalization of some quantum integral inequalities for quantum differentiable convex functions
Authors: Li Yi-Xia , Ali Muhammad Aamir , Budak Hüseyin , Abbas Mujahid , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we offer a new quantum integral identity, the result is then used to obtain some new estimates of Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for quantum integrals. The results presented in this paper are generalizations of the comparable results in the literature on Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. Several inequalities, such as the midpoint-like integral inequality, the Simpson-like integral inequality, the averaged midpoint–trapezoid-like integral inequality, and the trapezoid-like integral inequality, are obtained as special cases of our main results.
Daratumumab therapy for post-HSCT immune-mediated cytopenia: experiences from two pediatric cases and review of literature
Authors: Driouk Lina , Schmitt Robert , Peters Anke , Heine Sabine , Girschick Hermann Josef , Strahm Brigitte , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Speckmann Carsten 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune-mediated cytopenias (AIC) are challenging complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While broad-acting immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids are often standard of care, several novel therapies which target specific immunological pathways have recently been developed and provide hope for patients with steroid-refractory courses and may limit long-term toxicity. The successful off-label use of the plasma cell depleting anti-CD38 antibody daratumumab was published in several case reports, suggesting efficacy, i.e., in patients with antibody-mediated AIC refractory to previous B cell depletion. We want to share our experience with two children, whom we treated with daratumumab, including one fatal course with uncontrolled disease. Given the absence of substantial data from HSCT registries or prospective trials, we furthermore provide a critical review of the literature on daratumumab treatment of AIC.

Case presentations
Patient 1 (P1), an 11-year-old girl with lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency who developed immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (AIT) from day +58 after HSCT, showed a complete response to daratumumab after the fourth of six total daratumumab doses. She remains transfusion independent for over a year of follow-up. Previously, her thrombocytopenia was refractory to corticosteroids, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), eltrombopag, cyclosporine A, and sirolimus. Patient 2 (P2), a 6-year-old boy with CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency, developed both AIT and hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after HSCT on days +58 and +83, respectively, and was also treated with daratumumab after being previously refractory to prednisolone, rituximab, and IVIG. Yet, he did neither respond to daratumumab nor the concomitantly administered methyprednisolone pulse, plasmapheresis, and eculizumab and succumbed due to refractory disease.

Conclusion
Reviewing the literature on the use of daratumumab for refractory AIC post-HSCT, we consider daratumumab a promising agent for this life-threatening disorder: ten of the twelve patients reached transfusion independency in the literature. However, treatment failures are likely to be underreported. Thus, controlled trials are needed to explore the safety and efficacy of daratumumab in this rare post-HSCT complication.
Leveraging fine-grained mobile data for churn detection through Essence Random Forest
Authors: Colot Christian , Baecke Philippe , Linden Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe rise of unstructured data leads to unprecedented opportunities for marketing applications along with new methodological challenges to leverage such data. In particular, redundancy among the features extracted from this data deserves special attention as it might prevent current methods to benefit from it. In this study, we propose to investigate the value of multiple fine-grained data sources i.e. websurfing, use of applications and geospatial mobility for churn detection within telephone companies. This value is analysed both in substitution and in complement to the value of the well-known communication network. What is more, we also suggest an adaptation of the Random Forest algorithm called Essence Random Forest designed to better address redundancy among extracted features. Analysing fine-grained data of a telephone company, we first find that geo-spatial mobility data might be a good long term alternative to the classical communication network that might become obsolete due to the competition with digital communications. Then, we show that, on the short term, these alternative fine-grained data might complement the communication network for an improved churn detection. In addition, compared to Random Forest and Extremely Randomized Trees, Essence Random Forest better leverages the value of unstructured data by offering an enhanced churn detection regardless of the addressed perspective i.e. substitution or complement. Finally, Essence Random Forest converges faster to stable results which is a salient property in a resource constrained environment.
Comparison of implant placement accuracy in two different preoperative digital workflows: navigated vs. pilot-drill-guided surgery
Authors: Spille Johannes , Jin Feilu , Behrens Eleonore , Açil Yahya , Lichtenstein Jürgen , Naujokat Hendrik , Gülses Aydin , Flörke Christian , Wiltfang Jörg 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of a new implant navigation system on two different digital workflows.

Methods
A total of 18 phantom jaws consisting of hard and non-warping plastic and resembling edentulous jaws were used to stimulate a clinical circumstance. A conventional pilot-drill guide was conducted by a technician, and a master model was set by using this laboratory-produced guide. After cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D scanning of the master models, two different digital workflows (marker tray in CBCT and 3D-printed tray) were performed based on the Digital Imaging Communication in Medicine files and standard tessellation language files. Eight Straumann implants (4.1 mm × 10 mm) were placed in each model, six models for each group, resulting in 144 implant placements in total. Postoperative CBCT were taken, and deviations at the entry point and apex as well as angular deviations were measured compared to the master model.

Results
The mean total deviations at the implant entry point for MTC (marker tray in CBCT), 3dPT (3d-printed tray), and PDG (pilot-drill guide) were 1.024 ± 0.446 mm, 1.027 ± 0.455 mm, and 1.009 ± 0.415 mm, respectively, and the mean total deviations at the implant apex were 1.026 ± 0.383 mm, 1.116 ± 0.530 mm, and 1.068 ± 0.384 mm. The angular deviation for the MTC group was 2.22 ± 1.54°. The 3dPT group revealed an angular deviation of 1.95 ± 1.35°, whereas the PDG group showed a mean angular deviation of 2.67 ± 1.58°. Although there were no significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05), the navigation groups showed lesser angular deviations compared to the pilot-drill-guide (PDG) group. Implants in the 3D-printed tray navigation group showed higher deviations at both entry point and apex.

Conclusions
The accuracy of the evaluated navigation system was similar with the accuracy of a pilot-drill guide. Accuracy of both preoperative workflows (marker tray in CBCT or 3D-printed tray) was reliable for clinical use.
Genome-wide gene expression changes of Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2 during bioaugmentation in polluted soils
Authors: Morales Marian , Sentchilo Vladimir , Hadadi Noushin , van der Meer Jan Roelof 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Bioaugmentation aims to use the capacities of specific bacterial strains inoculated into sites to enhance pollutant biodegradation. Bioaugmentation results have been mixed, which has been attributed to poor inoculant growth and survival in the field, and, consequently, moderate catalytic performance. However, our understanding of biodegradation activity mostly comes from experiments conducted under laboratory conditions, and the processes occurring during adaptation and invasion of inoculants into complex environmental microbiomes remain poorly known. The main aim of this work was thus to study the specific and different cellular reactions of an inoculant for bioaugmentation during adaptation, growth and survival in natural clean and contaminated non-sterile soils, in order to better understand factors limiting bioaugmentation.

Results
As inoculant we focused on the monoaromatic compound-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2. The strain proliferated in all but one soil types in presence and in absence of exogenously added toluene. RNAseq and differential genome-wide gene expression analysis illustrated both a range of common soil responses such as increased nutrient scavenging and recycling, expression of defense mechanisms, as well as environment-specific reactions, notably osmoprotection and metal homeostasis. The core metabolism of P. veronii remained remarkably constant during exponential growth irrespective of the environment, with slight changes in cofactor regeneration pathways, possibly needed for balancing defense reactions.

Conclusions
P. veronii displayed a versatile global program, enabling it to adapt to a variety of soil environments in the presence and even in absence of its target pollutant toluene. Our results thus challenge the widely perceived dogma of poor survival and growth of exogenous inoculants in complex microbial ecosystems such as soil and provide a further basis to developing successful bioaugmentation strategies.
Transient maintenance of tracheal patency upon the insertion of a flexible bronchoscope in a patient with an anterior mediastinal mass: a case report
Authors: Hasegawa Takayuki , Obara Shinju , Oishi Rieko , Shirota Satsuki , Honda Jun , Kurosawa Shin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Patients with an anterior mediastinal mass are at risk of perioperative respiratory collapse.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old woman with a large anterior mediastinal mass that led to partial tracheal collapse (shortest diameter, 1.3 mm) was scheduled for tracheobronchial balloon dilation and stent placement under general anesthesia. Although veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) had been established, maximum flow was limited to 1.6 L/min, and general anesthesia induction was followed by hypoxia probably due to inadequate ventilation. A flexible bronchoscope was inserted through the tracheal lumen that was being compressed by the anterior mass; this not only increased tracheal patency but also enabled positive pressure ventilation and resulted in recovery from hypoxia. Scheduled procedures were successfully performed without complications.

Conclusion
We describe a case wherein tracheal patency was transiently maintained by inserting a flexible bronchoscope in a patient with an anterior mediastinal mass.
New insights on CRISPR/Cas9-based therapy for breast Cancer
Authors: Sabit Hussein , Abdel-Ghany Shaimaa , Tombuloglu Huseyin , Cevik Emre , Alqosaibi Amany , Almulhim Fatma , Al-Muhanaa Afnan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome-editing techniques in various biological fields including human cancer research. Cancer is a multi-step process that encompasses the accumulation of mutations that result in the hallmark of the malignant state. The goal of cancer research is to identify these mutations and correlate them with the underlying tumorigenic process. Using CRISPR/Cas9 tool, specific mutations responsible for cancer initiation and/or progression could be corrected at least in animal models as a first step towards translational applications. In the present article, we review various novel strategies that employed CRISPR/Cas9 to treat breast cancer in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
Multi-color and Multi-Material 3D Printing of Knee Joint models
Authors: Ruiz Oliver Grimaldo , Dhaher Yasin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
This study reports on a new method for the development of multi-color and multi-material realistic Knee Joint anatomical models with unique features. In particular, the design of a fibers matrix structure that mimics the soft tissue anatomy.

Methods
Various Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems and the PolyJet 3D printing were used in the fabrication of three anatomical models wherein fibers matrix structure is mimicked: (i) Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) model used in the previous study. (ii) ACL-R model, incorporating orientations, directions, locations, and dimensions of the tunnels, as well as a custom-made surgical guide (SG) for avoiding graft tunnel length mismatch. (iii) Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) model, including custom-made implants. Before models 3D printing, uni-axial tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical behaviors for individual No. 1 (A60-A50), No. 2 (A50-A50), No. 3 (A50-A40), and No. 4 (A70-A60) soft tissue-mimicking polymers. Each material combination represents different shore-hardness values between fiber and matrix respectively.

Results
We correlated the pattern of stress-strain curves in the elastic region, stiffness, and elastic modulus of proposed combinations with published literature. Accordingly, material combinations No. 1 and No. 4 with elastic modules of 0.76-1.82 MPa were chosen for the soft tissues 3D printing. Finally, 3D printing Knee Joint models were tested manually simulating 50 flexo-extension cycles without presenting ruptures.

Conclusion
The proposed anatomical models offer a diverse range of applications. These may be considered as an alternative to replacing cadaver specimens for medical training, pre-operative planning, research and education purposes, and predictive models validation. The soft tissue anatomy-mimicking materials are strong enough to withstand the stretching during the flexo-extension. The methodology reported for the design of the fiber-matrix structure might be considered as a start to develop new patterns and typologies that may mimic soft tissues.