bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Networking of Interpenetrating Polymer System (SNIPSy) Strategy to Develop Strong & High Water Content Ionic Hydrogels for Solid Electrolyte Applications
Authors: Mandal Subhankar , Kumari Srishti , Kumar Milan , Ojha Umaprasana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo synthesize hydrogels that possess tensile strength and modulus together in MPas along with extensibility at high equilibrium water content (≥90 wt%) is challenging but important from the application perspective. Especially, such hydrogel compositions are useful for fabricating flexible electronics devices for subsea applications, where underwater risk‐free implementation and optimum device performance at low temperature (≈0 °C) and high hydrostatic pressure (≤20 bar) conditions is desirable. The high water content of hydrogel is necessary to facilitate ion transportation, and mechanical strength is desirable to maintain a stable electrode–electrolyte interface under load. In this study, supplementary networking of an interpenetrating polymer system strategy is utilized to develop ionic hydrogels with tensile strength and Young's modulus values up to 2 and 1.67 MPa, respectively, at high equilibrium water content value up to 96%. Cost‐effective, durable, rechargeable, and flexible batteries are fabricated using the Zn & Li ion soaked hydrogel as solid electrolyte without barrier. These batteries display minimal loss in capacity when immersed in water, deformed, exposed to flame, put under high load, and operated under low‐temperature conditions suggesting the viability for subsea application.
Oxidation‐Responsive, Tunable Growth Factor Delivery from Polyelectrolyte‐Coated Implants
Authors: Martin John R. , Howard MayLin T. , Wang Sheryl , Berger Adam G. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings, constructed on the surfaces of tissue engineering scaffolds using layer‐by‐layer assembly (LbL), promote sustained release of therapeutic molecules and have enabled regeneration of large‐scale, pre‐clinical bone defects. However, these systems primarily rely on non‐specific hydrolysis of PEM components to foster drug release, and their pre‐determined drug delivery schedules potentially limit future translation into innately heterogeneous patient populations. To trigger therapeutic delivery directly in response to local environmental stimuli, an LbL‐compatible polycation solely degraded by cell‐generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) was synthesized. These thioketal‐based polymers were selectively cleaved by physiologic doses of ROS, stably incorporated into PEM films alongside growth factors, and facilitated tunable release of therapeutic bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) upon oxidation. These coatings' sensitivity to oxidation was also dependent on the polyanions used in film construction, providing a simple method for enhancing ROS‐mediated protein delivery in vitro. Correspondingly, when implanted in critically‐sized rat calvarial defects, the most sensitive ROS‐responsive coatings generated a 50% increase in bone regeneration compared with less sensitive formulations and demonstrated a nearly threefold extension in BMP‐2 delivery half‐life over conventional hydrolytically‐sensitive coatings. These combined results highlight the potential of environmentally‐responsive PEM coatings as tunable drug delivery systems for regenerative medicine.
Therapeutic Ultrasound Triggered Silk Fibroin Scaffold Degradation
Authors: DeBari Megan K. , Niu Xiaodan , Scott Jacqueline V. , Griffin Mallory D. , Pereira Sean R. , Cook Keith E. , He Bin , Abbott Rosalyn D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA patient's capacity for tissue regeneration varies based on age, nutritional status, disease state, lifestyle, and gender. Because regeneration cannot be predicted prior to biomaterial implantation, there is a need for responsive biomaterials with adaptive, personalized degradation profiles to improve regenerative outcomes. This study reports a new approach to use therapeutic ultrasound as a means of altering the degradation profile of silk fibroin biomaterials noninvasively postimplantation. By evaluating changes in weight, porosity, surface morphology, compressive modulus, and chemical structure, it is concluded that therapeutic ultrasound can trigger enhanced degradation of silk fibroin scaffolds noninvasively. By removing microbubbles on the scaffold surface, it is found that acoustic cavitation is the mechanism responsible for changing the degradation profile. This method is proved to be safe for human cells with no negative effects on cell viability or metabolism. Sonication through human skin also effectively triggers scaffold degradation, increasing the clinical relevance of these results. These findings suggest that silk is an ultrasound‐responsive biomaterial, where the degradation profile can be adjusted noninvasively to improve regenerative outcomes.
Durable and Fatigue‐Resistant Soft Peripheral Neuroprosthetics for In Vivo Bidirectional Signaling
Authors: Seo Hyunseon , Han Sang Ihn , Song Kang‐Il , Seong Duhwan , Lee Kyungwoo , Kim Sun Hong , Park Taesung , Koo Ja Hoon , Shin Mikyung , Baac Hyoung Won , Park Ok Kyu , Oh Soong Ju , Han Hyung‐Seop , Jeon Hojeong , Kim Yu‐Chan , Kim Dae‐Hyeong , Hyeon Taeghwan , Son Donghee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoft neuroprosthetics that monitor signals from sensory neurons and deliver motor information can potentially replace damaged nerves. However, achieving long‐term stability of devices interfacing peripheral nerves is challenging, since dynamic mechanical deformations in peripheral nerves cause material degradation in devices. Here, a durable and fatigue‐resistant soft neuroprosthetic device is reported for bidirectional signaling on peripheral nerves. The neuroprosthetic device is made of a nanocomposite of gold nanoshell (AuNS)‐coated silver (Ag) flakes dispersed in a tough, stretchable, and self‐healing polymer (SHP). The dynamic self‐healing property of the nanocomposite allows the percolation network of AuNS‐coated flakes to rebuild after degradation. Therefore, its degraded electrical and mechanical performance by repetitive, irregular, and intense deformations at the device–nerve interface can be spontaneously self‐recovered. When the device is implanted on a rat sciatic nerve, stable bidirectional signaling is obtained for over 5 weeks. Neural signals collected from a live walking rat using these neuroprosthetics are analyzed by a deep neural network to predict the joint position precisely. This result demonstrates that durable soft neuroprosthetics can facilitate collection and analysis of large‐sized in vivo data for solving challenges in neurological disorders.
A multi‐country study on consumers' valuation for child‐labor‐free chocolate: Implications for child labor in cocoa production
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Snell Heather A. , Nalley Lawton Lanier , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Sarpaning Joshua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChild labor is a preeminent issue of our time. Using a discrete choice experiment, we surveyed consumers in Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States to assess their willingness to pay (WTP) for chocolate labeled as “child‐labor‐free” based on two levels of child labor and two information sets (short and long). Our results indicate that when respondents are shown a definition clarifying the meaning of the child‐labor‐free logo, their WTP in all countries exceeds the 2.81% price premium farmers need to eliminate hazardous forms of child labor. Important implications for child labor in cocoa production are discussed.JEL CLASSIFICATIONC25, J28, J43, J80, Q18
Eine Hommage an Siegfried Hünig und seine Forschung
Authors: Reißig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBeispiele aus den verschiedenen Forschungsgebieten von Siegfried Hünig sollen daran erinnern, dass die organische Chemie diesem ungewöhnlich vielseitigen und kreativen Chemiker viel mehr als die wohlbekannte Hünig‐Base verdankt. Die Hauptforschungslinien mit Synthesen und physikalischer Charakterisierung von neuen Farbstoffen, mehrstufigen Redoxsystemen und organischen Metallen werden ebenso vorgestellt wie die heute weniger bekannten Beiträge zur Enamin‐Chemie, zur Entdeckung von Diimin als hydrierendes Agens und zur nucleophilen Acylierung mit Trimethylsilylcyanid. Auch exotische Verbindungen mit parallelen C=C‐ und N=N‐Doppelbindungen wurden in der Gruppe von Hünig umfassend bearbeitet. Der Blick auf die Entwicklung seiner Forschung lehrt, wie fruchtbar systematisches Vorgehen ist, aber auch wie wichtig vollkommen unerwartete Resultate sind, wenn sie auf den “vorbereiteten Geist” treffen. Die große Bedeutung der Lehre im akademischen Wirken Hünigs und seine Rolle bei der Modernisierung des Würzburger Chemieinstitutes und der Förderung des akademischen Nachwuchses in Deutschland werden ebenfalls kurz beleuchtet.
Chemische Evolution antiviraler Wirkstoffe gegen Enterovirus D68 durch Proteintemplat‐gesteuerte Knoevenagelreaktionen
Authors: Tauber Carolin , Wamser Rebekka , Arkona Christoph , Tügend Marisa , Abdul Aziz Umer Bin , Pach Szymon , Schulz Robert , Jochmans Dirk , Wolber Gerhard , Neyts Johan , Rademann Jörg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDie Bildung bioaktiver Moleküle aus inaktiven Vorstufen ist ein wesentlicher Schritt in der chemischen Evolution des Lebens, trotzdem gibt es nur wenige mechanistischen Einblicke in diesen Aspekt der Abiogenese. Hier untersuchen wir die proteinkatalysierte Bildung antiviraler Wirkstoffe durch die 3C‐Protease von Enterovirus D68. Das Enzym induziert Aldolkondensationen und liefert Inhibitoren mit antiviraler Aktivität in Zellen. Kinetische und thermodynamische Analysen zeigen, dass die Bioaktivität in einem dynamischen Reaktionssystem entsteht, welches die Bildung des Inhibitors, Proteinalkylierung durch den Inhibitor und kompetitive Addition von nicht‐Protein‐Nukleophilen an den Inhibitor umfasst. Die aktivsten antiviralen Wirkstoffe sind langsam reversible Inhibitoren mit verlängerter Verweilzeit am Target. Die Studie zeigt erste Beispiele für die chemische Evolution von bioaktiven Substanzen durch proteinkatalysierte, nicht‐enzymatische C‐C‐Kupplungen. Der entdeckte Mechanismus funktioniert unter physiologischen Bedingungen und könnte ein natürliches Verfahren der Wirkstoffentwicklung darstellen.
Multicolor Two‐Photon Nanosystem for Multiplexed Intracellular Imaging and Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Yong‐Xiang , Zhang Dailiang , Hu Xiaoxiao , Peng Ruizi , Li Junbin , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe novel theranostic nanosystems based on two‐photon fluorescence can achieve higher spatial resolution of deep tissue imaging for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of a variety of cancers. Herein, we have designed and prepared FRET‐based two‐photon mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MTP–MSNs) for single‐excitation multiplexed intracellular imaging and targeted cancer therapy for the first time. This nanosystem includes two constituents, containing (1) multicolor two‐photon mesoporous silica nanoparticles and (2) cancer cell‐targeting aptamers that act as gatekeepers for MTP–MSNs. After incubation with cancer cells, the Dox‐loaded and aptamer‐capped MTP–MSNs could be internalized into the cells, opening the pores and releasing the drug. Furthermore, using two‐photon multicolor fluorescence, MTP–MSNs could serve as good contrast agents for multicolor two‐photon intracellular imaging with increased imaging depth and improved spatial localization of tissue. In sum, these multicolor MTP–MSNs provide a promising system for traceable targeted cancer therapy with further applications in multiplex intracellular imaging and the screening of drug.
In‐situ Nano‐Crystallization and Solvation Modulation to Promote Highly Stable Anode Involving Alloy/De‐alloy for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Bo , Wang Bin , Zeng Suyuan , Zhao Mingwen , Sun Xiuping , Zhai Yanjun , Xu Liqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor advanced anode materials involving alloy/de‐alloy chemistry for potassium ion batteries (PIBs), two‐dimensional (2D) bismuth subcarbonate (BCO) nanosheets that possess high theoretical capacity of 631 mAh g−1 are proposed. The large lattice spacing of 0.683 nm along b axis facilitate insertion of K+ ion to boost high‐capacity delivery of ca. 610 mAh g−1, and the in situ nano‐crystallization well ease volume changes of the integrated particle and shorten ion diffusion path during potassiation/depotassiation. After coupling with a concentrated KFSI‐G2 electrolyte, the robust and efficient SEI built from enhanced participation of FSI− synergistically endow structural stability of the flower‐like BCO, and enable a prolonged cycling performance with capacity of ca. 300 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 for 1500 cycles, achieving an ultralow decay rate of 0.007 %. Mechanistic investigations probe the electrochemistry involving alloy/de‐alloy and phase transition of the electrode.
Positively charged nanomicelles in water of amphiphilic copolymer chitosan‐g‐polylactide as drug carrier of photoporphyrin IX for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Sibarani James , Sirait Simon Hamonangan , Widihati Ida Ayu Gede , Manurung Manuntun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreparation of amphiphilic graft copolymers of chitosan‐g‐methacrylate‐terminated poly(lactic acid) (CS‐g‐MPLAn) with various chain length of lactic acid monomers in the copolymers (n = 20, 40, and 70) has been successfully carried out by “grafting on” free radical polymerization. Beside to offer a tunable and easy preparation of chitosan (CS)‐based amphiphilic copolymers, the specific purpose is to study the effects of poly(lactic acid) chain length on the micelle properties of the copolymers in water. First, oligomer CS was synthesized by partial oxidation. Second, the methacrylate‐terminated poly(lactic acid) with different chain length were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactide monomer using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and Sn(Oct)2 as initiator and catalyst, respectively. Finally, the grafting process was carried out by free radical copolymerization using cerium(IV) sulfate as initiator at 70°C for 24 h. The CS‐g‐MPLAn amphiphilic copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The hydrophobic drug nanomicelles in water with a narrow‐size distribution, positively charged and high stability have been confirmed. The micelle size is significantly bigger on longer chain of poly(lactic acid); however, the stability, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency are independent on the chain length. The high‐loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency for hydrophobic drug protoporphyrin IX as the model are ensuring the hydrophobic drugs efficacy in photodynamic therapy applications.
Positive Promoting Effects of Smilax China Flower Absolute on the Wound Healing/Skin Barrier Repair‐Related Responses of HaCaT Human Skin Keratinocytes
Authors: Li Yali , Won Kyung Jong , Kim Do Yoon , Kim Ha Bin , Kang Hye Min , Lee Su Yeon , Lee Hwan Myung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmilax china (SC) has pharmacological effects including anti‐inflammatory activity, but its effects on skin wound healing and skin barrier function have not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of absolute extracted from SC flowers (SCF) on skin wound healing‐linked responses and functional skin barrier proteins using human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). SCF absolute contained 20 components and was non‐toxic to HaCaT cells. The absolute increased the proliferation, migration, and sprout outgrowth of HaCaT cells, and enhanced the activations of serine/threonine‐specific protein kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2. In addition, it increased the syntheses of type I and IV collagens and the expressions of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin and loricrin). These results indicate SCF absolute may has positive effects on skin wound healing by accelerating keratinocyte migration and proliferation activities and collagen synthesis, and on skin barrier function by upregulating barrier proteins in keratinocytes. We suggest SCF absolute to be considered as a potential means of promoting skin wound and barrier repair.
Alleviation of Liver Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Underlines the Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae on High Sugar/High Fat Diet‐Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Jinpeng , Yang Bo , Leng Qina , Li Ji , Wang Xintuan , Lu Junyao , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Tang Jian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the protective effects of two polysaccharides (CPA‐1 and CPB‐2) from Cordyceps cicadae against high fructose/high fat diet (HF/HFD) induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. Rats were either fed with normal diet or HF/HFD and treated with CPA‐1 and CPB‐2 (100 and 300 mg/kg) for 11 weeks. Administration of CPA‐1 and CPB‐2 significantly and dose dependently reduced body and liver weight, insulin and glucose tolerance, serum insulin and glucose levels. Furthermore, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, liver function enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) were markedly reduced. Additionally, CPA‐1 and CPB‐2 treatment alleviated hepatic oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation level (MDA) and upregulating glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as ameliorated histological alterations through the reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation. These results suggested that the polysaccharides from C. cicadae showed protective effects against HF/HFD induced metabolic disturbances and may be considered as a dietary supplement for treating obesity.
SOX‐17 is involved in invasion and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through regulating miR‐302b‐3p expression
Authors: Hu Fan , Li Mei , Mo Li , Xiao You , Wang Xiaoyan , Xie Biao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently still very poor, which suggests that the biological mechanisms of CRC oncogenesis are not fully understood. This study was conducted to explore the regulatory effect of SOX‐17 on the expression of microRNA (miR)‐302b‐3p, and the involvement of SOX‐17 in the invasion and apoptosis of CRC cells. The expression of SOX‐17 and miR‐302a,b,c,d‐3p in colorectal cancer and normal colon epithelial cell lines was measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and/or western blot. The regulatory effects of SOX‐17 on miR‐302b‐3p gene in HT29 and LoVo cells were tested using the ChiP assay. The biological activities of SOX‐17 and miR‐302b‐3p were evaluated by invasion and apoptosis assay. Results showed that transfection of SOX‐17 small interfering RNA (siSOX‐17) significantly increased, whereas transfection of SOX‐17 overexpression vector (oeSOX‐17) significantly decreased, miR‐302b expression in HT29 and LoVo cells. Cotransfection of oeSOX‐17 and miR‐302b‐3p inhibitor (INmiR‐302b) significantly blocked the effects of SOX‐17 in HT29 and LoVo cells. ChIP experiments showed that SOX‐17 bonded to the miR‐302b‐3p promoter in HT29 and LoVo cells. Transfection of oeSOX‐17 and miR‐302b‐3p mimics (MImiR‐302b) significantly decreased, whereas transfection of siSOX‐17 and INmiR‐302b significantly increased, the invasion of HT29 and LoVo cells. In contrast, transfection of oeSOX‐17 and MImiR‐302b significantly increased, while transfection of siSOX‐17 and INmiR‐302b significantly decreased, apoptosis in HT29 and LoVo cells. Cotransfection of oeSOX‐17 and INmiR‐302b significantly blocked the effects of oeSOX‐17 on cell invasion and apoptosis in HT29 and LoVo cells. These results suggested that SOX‐17 can bind to the promoter of miR‐302b‐3p gene to regulate its expression, while both SOX‐17 and miR‐302b regulate the invasion and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells.
Long‐term follow‐up of salvage therapy using a combination of inotuzumab ozogamicin and mini–hyper‐CVD with or without blinatumomab in relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome–negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Sasaki Koji , Short Nicholas J. , Ravandi Farhad , Huang Xuelin , Khoury Joseph D. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Khouri Issa F. , Kebriaei Partow , Jain Nitin , Alvarado Yesid , Kadia Tapan M. , Paul Shilpa , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Dabaja Bouthaina S. , Burger Jan A. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Daver Naval A. , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Yilmaz Musa , Ohanian Maro , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Jacob Jovitta , Rostykus Meagan , Garris Rebecca , O’Brien Susan , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDThe outcome of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is poor. The combination of inotuzumab with low‐intensity mini–hyper‐CVD (mini‐hyper‐CVD; cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone at 50% dose reduction, no anthracycline, methotrexate at 75% dose reduction, cytarabine at 0.5 g/m2 × 4 doses) chemotherapy has shown encouraging results. The sequential addition of blinatumomab might improve outcome in patients with R/R ALL.METHODSWe used lower intensity chemotherapy, mini‐hyper‐CVD (cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone at 50% dose reduction, no anthracycline, methotrexate at 75% dose reduction, cytarabine at 0.5 g/m2 x 4 doses) compared to conventional hyper‐CVAD.RESULTSNinety‐six patients with a median age of 37 years (range, 18‐87 years) were treated. Overall, 77 patients (80%) responded, 55 (57%) of whom achieved complete response. The overall measurable residual disease negativity rate among responders was 83%. Forty‐four (46%) patients underwent later allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Veno‐occlusive disease of any grade occurred in 10 (10%) patients. The rates were 13% with the original schedule and 3% with the use of lower‐dose inotuzumab and sequential blinatumomab. With a median follow‐up of 36 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 13.4 months, with 3‐year OS rates of 33%. The 3‐year OS rate for patients with CD22 expression ≥70% and without adverse cytogenetics (KMT2A rearrangements, low hypodiploidy/near triploidy) was 55%.CONCLUSIONThe combination of inotuzumab and low‐intensity mini‐hyper‐CVD chemotherapy with or without blinatumomab shows sustained efficacy in patients with R/R ALL.
Synthesis and 15N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange of [15N]Dalfampridine at Microtesla Magnetic Fields
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Salnikov Oleg G. , Trofimov Ivan A. , Kabir Mohammad S. H. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Koptyug Igor V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSignal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) technique enables nuclear spin hyperpolarization of wide range of compounds using parahydrogen. Here we present the synthetic approach to prepare 15N‐labeled [15N]dalfampridine (4‐amino[15N]pyridine) utilized as a drug to reduce the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. The synthesized compound was hyperpolarized using SABRE at microtesla magnetic fields (SABRE‐SHEATH technique) with up to 2.0 % 15N polarization. The 7‐hour‐long activation of SABRE pre‐catalyst [Ir(IMes)(COD)Cl] in the presence of [15N]dalfampridine can be remedied by the use of pyridine co‐ligand for catalyst activation while retaining the 15N polarization levels of [15N]dalfampridine. The effects of experimental conditions such as polarization transfer magnetic field, temperature, concentration, parahydrogen flow rate and pressure on 15N polarization levels of free and equatorial catalyst‐bound [15N]dalfampridine were investigated. Moreover, we studied 15N polarization build‐up and decay at magnetic field of less than 0.04 μT as well as 15N polarization decay at the Earth's magnetic field and at 1.4 T.