bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experts use base rates in real-world sequential decisions
Authors: Link Daniel , Raab Markus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman behavior is often assumed to be irrational, full of errors, and affected by cognitive biases. One of these biases is base-rate neglect, which happens when the base rates of a specific category are not considered when making decisions. We argue here that while naïve subjects demonstrate base-rate neglect in laboratory conditions, experts tested in the real world do use base rates. Our explanation is that lab studies use single questions, whereas, in the real world, most decisions are sequential in nature, leading to a more realistic test of base-rate use. One decision that lends itself to testing base-rate use in real life occurs in beach volleyball—specifically, deciding to whom to serve to win the game. Analyzing the sequential choices in expert athletes in more than 1,300 games revealed that they were sensitive to base rates and adapted their decision strategies to the performance of the opponent. Our data describes a threshold at which players change their strategy and use base rates. We conclude that the debate over whether decision makers use base rates should be shifted to real-world tests, and the focus should be on when and how base rates are used.
COVID-19 Pandemisinin Eğitim Düzeyine Göre Gebelik Oranlarına Etkisi
Authors: SOYSAL Cenk , SARI Hatice , ERTEN Özlem , BIYIK İsmail , KESKİN Nadi , TAŞÇI Yasemin 
Published: October 2021

Amaç: COVİD-19 pandemisinin eğitim düzeyine göre, gebe kalma oranları ve doğum şekli üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışma, Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine gebelik tanısıyla başvuran hastaların verilerinin retrospektif olarak incelenmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Pandemi öncesindeki 6 aylık dönem ile pandemi sırasındaki 6 aylık dönem; eğitim düzeyleri, gebelik oranları ve doğum şekli açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi 6 aylık periyotta 960 yeni gebelik başvurusu olmasına karşın pandemi döneminde 6 aylık periyotta 541 yeni gebelik başvurusu olmuştur. Tüm eğitim düzeylerinde, pandemi öncesi döneme göre pandemi döneminde değişim olmuştur (p
Equality & Diversity Perspectives for the Proficiency in English Assessment for IMGs
Authors: Chakravorty Indranil 
Published: October 2021

The story of a West Midlands General Practitioner who faced the fearsome prospect of deportation and severance from her young family due to expiry of her English proficiency test after 2 years- highlights the lack of consultation, awareness, empathy and dignity that is perceived by international medical graduates in the UK. What is most alarming is that evidence of working as a GP in the UK for 8 years, communicating with patients and colleagues in English - and passing all the standardised professional examinations set by the medical royal colleges was not considered sufficient for her to be assessed to have the minimum requirements for her permit/ leave to remain to be renewed. The mental anguish and stress that a frontline GP has to face is totally avoidable.

The NHS, GMC and Department of Health and Social Care need to have robust consultation with the Home Office department on making the rules sensitive and meaningful and applied with awareness, understanding and compassion that is critical for the wellbeing of the healthcare workforce- and the benefit of our patients.
TESS-Keck Survey. V. Twin Sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935
Authors: Scarsdale Nicholas , Murphy Joseph M. Akana , Batalha Natalie M. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Fulton Benjamin , Howard Andrew W. , Huber Daniel , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Weiss Lauren M. , Beard Corey , Behmard Aida , Chontos Ashley , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Claytor Zachary R. , Collins Karen A. , Collins Kevin I. , Dai Fei , Dalba Paul A. , Dragomir Diana , Fetherolf Tara , Fukui Akihiko , Giacalone Steven , Gonzales Erica J. , Hill Michelle L. , Hirsch Lea A. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Kosiarek Molly R. , de Leon Jerome P. , Lubin Jack , Lund Michael B. , Luque Rafael , Mayo Andrew W. , Močnik Teo , Mori Mayuko , Narita Norio , Nowak Grzegorz , Pallé Enric , Rabus Markus , Rosenthal Lee J. , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Shporer Avi , Stassun Keivan G. , Twicken Joe , Wang Gavin , Yahalomi Daniel A. , Jenkins Jon , Latham David W. , Ricker George R. , Seager S. , Vanderspek Roland , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present the discovery of two nearly identically sized sub-Neptune transiting planets orbiting HD 63935, a bright (V = 8.6 mag), Sun-like (T
eff = 5560 K) star at 49 pc. TESS identified the first planet, HD 63935 b (TOI-509.01), in Sectors 7 and 34. We identified the second signal (HD 63935 c) in Keck High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer and Lick Automated Planet Finder radial velocity data as part of our follow-up campaign. It was subsequently confirmed with TESS photometry in Sector 34 as TOI-509.02. Our analysis of the photometric and radial velocity data yielded a robust detection of both planets with periods of 9.0600 ± 0.007 and 21.40 ± 0.0019 days, radii of 2.99 ± 0.14 and 2.90 ± 0.13 R
⊕, and masses of 10.8 ± 1.8 and 11.1 ± 2.4 M
⊕. We calculated densities for planets b and c consistent with a few percent of the planet mass in hydrogen/helium envelopes. We also describe our survey’s efforts to choose the best targets for James Webb Space Telescope atmospheric follow-up. These efforts suggest that HD 63935 b has the most clearly visible atmosphere of its class. It is the best target for transmission spectroscopy (ranked by the transmission spectroscopy metric, a proxy for atmospheric observability) in the so far uncharacterized parameter space comprising sub-Neptune-sized (2.6 R
⊕ < R
p < 4 R
⊕), moderately irradiated (100 F
⊕ < F
p < 1000 F
⊕) planets around G stars. Planet c is also a viable target for transmission spectroscopy, and given the indistinguishable masses and radii of the two planets, the system serves as a natural laboratory for examining the processes that shape the evolution of sub-Neptune planets.
Keck/OSIRIS Paβ High-contrast Imaging and Updated Constraints on PDS 70b
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Xie Chen , Aoyama Yuhiko , Beichman Charles A. , Hashimoto Jun , Dong Ruobing , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Ikoma Masahiro , Mawet Dimitri , McElwain Michael W. , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Wagner Kevin R. , Wang Jason J. , Zhou Yifan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a high-contrast imaging search for Paβ line emission from protoplanets in the PDS 70 system with Keck/OSIRIS integral field spectroscopy. We applied the high-resolution spectral differential imaging technique to the OSIRIS J-band data but did not detect the Paβ line at the level predicted using the parameters of Hashimoto et al. (2020). This lack of Paβ emission suggests the MUSE-based study may have overestimated the line width of Hα. We compared our Paβ detection limits with the previous Hα flux and Hβ limits and estimated A
V to be ∼0.9 and 2.0 for PDS 70 b and c, respectively. In particular, PDS 70 b’s A
V is much smaller than implied by high-contrast near-infrared studies, which suggests the infrared-continuum photosphere and the hydrogen-emitting regions exist at different heights above the forming planet.
Hydrodynamic Model of Hα Emission from Accretion Shocks of a Proto-giant Planet and Circumplanetary Disk
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Aoyama Yuhiko , Ikoma Masahiro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent observations have detected excess Hα emission from young stellar systems with an age of several Myr such as PDS 70. One-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic models of shock-heated flows that we developed previously demonstrate that planetary accretion flows of >a few ten km s−1 can produce Hα emission. It is, however, a challenge to understand the accretion process of proto-giant planets from observations of such shock-originated emission because of a huge gap in scale between the circumplanetary disk (CPD) and the microscopic accretion shock. To overcome the scale gap problem, we combine two-dimensional, high-spatial-resolution global hydrodynamic simulations and the one-dimensional local radiation-hydrodynamic model of the shock-heated flow. From such combined simulations for the protoplanet–CPD system, we find that the Hα emission is mainly produced in localized areas on the protoplanetary surface. The accretion shocks above the CPD produce much weaker Hα emission (approximately one to two orders of magnitude smaller in luminosity). Nevertheless, the accretion shocks above the CPD significantly affect the accretion process onto the protoplanet. The accretion occurs at a quasi-steady rate if averaged on a 10 day timescale, but its rate shows variability on shorter timescales. The disk surface accretion layers including the CPD shocks largely fluctuate, which results in the time-variable accretion rate and Hα luminosity of the protoplanet. We also model the spectral emission profile of the Hα line and find that the line profile is less time-variable despite the large variability in luminosity. High-spectral-resolution spectroscopic observation and monitoring will be key to revealing the property of the accretion process.
Ultra-wideband, Multiepoch Radio Study of the First Discovered “Main-sequence Radio Pulse Emitter” CU Vir
Authors: Das Barnali , Chandra Poonam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The presence of a large-scale surface magnetic field in early-type stars leads to several unique electromagnetic phenomena producing radiation over X-ray to radio bands. Among them, the rarest type of emission is electron cyclotron maser emission (ECME) observed as periodic, circularly polarized radio pulses. The phenomenon was first discovered in the hot magnetic star CU Vir. Past observations of this star led to the consensus that the star produces only right circularly polarized ECME, suggesting that only one magnetic hemisphere takes part in the phenomenon. Here we present the first ultra-wideband (0.4–4 GHz) study of this star using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio telescope and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, which led to the surprising discovery of ECME of both circular polarizations up to around 1.5 GHz. The GHz observations also allowed us to infer that the upper ECME cutoff frequency is at ≳5 GHz. The sub-GHz observation led to the unexpected observation of more than two pairs of ECME pulses per rotation cycle. In addition, we report the discovery of a “giant pulse” and transient enhancements, which are potentially the first observational evidence of “centrifugal breakout” of plasma from the innermost part of the stellar magnetosphere. The stark contrast between the star’s behavior at GHz and sub-GHz frequencies could either be due to propagation effects, a manifestation of varying magnetic field topology as a function of height, or a signature of an additional “ECME engine.”
Resolved Nuclear Kinematics Link the Formation and Growth of Nuclear Star Clusters with the Evolution of Their Early- and Late-type Hosts
Authors: Pinna Francesca , Neumayer Nadine , Seth Anil , Emsellem Eric , Nguyen Dieu D. , Böker Torsten , Cappellari Michele , McDermid Richard M. , Voggel Karina , Walcher C. Jakob 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present parsec-scale kinematics of 11 nearby galactic nuclei, derived from adaptive-optics assisted integral-field spectroscopy at (near-infrared) CO band-head wavelengths. We focus our analysis on the balance between ordered rotation and random motions, which can provide insights into the dominant formation mechanism of nuclear star clusters (NSCs). We divide our target sample into late- and early-type galaxies, and discuss the nuclear kinematics of the two subsamples, aiming at probing any link between NSC formation and host galaxy evolution. The results suggest that the dominant formation mechanism of NSCs is indeed affected by the different evolutionary paths of their hosts across the Hubble sequence. More specifically, nuclear regions in late-type galaxies are on average more rotation dominated, and the formation of nuclear stellar structures is potentially linked to the presence of gas funneled to the center. Early-type galaxies, in contrast, tend to display slowly rotating NSCs with lower ellipticity. However, some exceptions suggest that in specific cases, early-type hosts can form NSCs in a way similar to spirals.
Presolar Grain Isotopic Ratios as Constraints to Nuclear and Stellar Parameters of Asymptotic Giant Branch Star Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Palmerini Sara , Busso Maurizio , Vescovi Diego , Naselli Eugenia , Pidatella Angelo , Mucciola Riccardo , Cristallo Sergio , Mascali David , Mengoni Alberto , Simonucci Stefano , Taioli Simone 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent models for evolved low-mass stars (with M ≲ 3 M
⊙), undergoing the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase assume that magnetic flux-tube buoyancy drives the formation of 13C reservoirs in He-rich layers. We illustrate their crucial properties, showing how the low abundance of 13C generated below the convective envelope hampers the formation of primary 14N and the ensuing synthesis of intermediate-mass nuclei, like 19F and 22Ne. In the mentioned models, their production is therefore of a purely secondary nature. Shortage of primary 22Ne has also important effects in reducing the neutron density. Another property concerns AGB winds, which are likely to preserve C-rich subcomponents, isolated by magnetic tension, even when the envelope composition is O-rich. Conditions for the formation of C-rich compounds are therefore found in stages earlier than previously envisaged. These issues, together with the uncertainties related to several nuclear physics quantities, are discussed in the light of the isotopic admixtures of s-process elements in presolar SiC grains of stellar origin, which provide important and precise constraints to the otherwise uncertain parameters. By comparing nucleosynthesis results with measured SiC data, it is argued that such a detailed series of constraints indicates the need for new measurements of weak-interaction rates in ionized plasmas, as well as of neutron-capture cross sections, especially near the N = 50 and N = 82 neutron magic numbers. Nonetheless, the peculiarity of our models allows us to achieve fits to the presolar grain data of a quality so far never obtained in previously published attempts.
Successive Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with Weak Solar Energetic Particle Events
Authors: Zhuang Bin , Lugaz Noé , Gou Tingyu , Ding Liuguan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The scenario of twin coronal mass ejections (CMEs), i.e., a fast and wide primary CME (priCME) preceded by preceding CMEs (preCMEs), has been found to be favorable to a more efficient particle acceleration in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Here we study 19 events during 2007–2014 associated with twin-CME eruptions but without large SEP observations at the L1 point. We combine remote-sensing and in situ observations from multiple spacecraft to investigate the role of magnetic connectivity in SEP detection and the CME information in three-dimensional (3D) space. We study one-on-one correlations of the priCME 3D speed, flare intensity, suprathermal backgrounds, and height of CME–CME interaction with the SEP intensity. Among these, the priCME speed is found to correlate with the SEP peak intensity at the highest level. We use the projection correlation method to analyze the correlations between combinations of these multiple independent factors and the SEP peak intensity. We find that the only combination of two or more parameters that has a higher correlation with the SEP peak intensity than the CME speed is the CME speed combined with the propagation direction. This further supports the dominant role of the priCME in controlling the SEP enhancements and emphasizes the consideration of the latitudinal effect. Overall, the magnetic connectivity in longitude as well as latitude and the relatively lower priCME speed may explain the existence of the twin-CME SEP-poor events. The role of the barrier effect of preCME(s) is discussed for an event on 2013 October 28.
The Role of Dust, UV Luminosity and Large-scale Environment on the Escape of Lyα Photons: A Case Study of a Protocluster Field at z = 3.1
Authors: Huang Yun , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Shi Ke , Malavasi Nicola , Xue Rui , Dey Arjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a detailed characterization of the Lyα properties for 93 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ∼ 3.1 selected from the D1 field of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, including 24 members of a massive protocluster. The median-stacked Lyα image shows an extended Lyα halo (LAH) surrounding the galaxy with the exponential scale length 4.9 ± 0.7 kpc, which accounts for roughly half of the total line flux. Accounting for the LAH contribution, the total Lyα escape fraction, f
esc, is 40% ± 26%. Combining the data set with existing measurements, we find a dependence of f
esc on the galaxy’s UV slope (β) and UV luminosity (L
UV). The simultaneous use of both parameters allows prediction of f
esc within 0.18 dex, a substantial improvement over 0.23 dex when only β is used. The correlation between f
esc and E(B − V) suggests that Lyα photons undergo interstellar dust attenuation in a similar manner to continuum photons. Yet, Lyα transmission is typically higher than that expected for continuum photons at a similar wavelength by a factor, which depends on UV luminosity, up to 2 in the samples we studied. These results hint at complex geometries and physical conditions of the interstellar medium, which affect the Lyα transmission or production. Alternatively, the dust law may change with luminosity leading to an over- or underestimation of f
esc. Finally, we report that protocluster LAEs tend to be bluer and more UV luminous than their field cousins, resulting in systematically higher f
esc values. We speculate that it may be due to the widespread formation of young low-mass galaxies in dense gas-rich environments.
Magnetic Fields in the Massive Star-forming Region GL 437
Authors: Soam Archana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this note, I report a R-band polarimetric study on a massive star-forming region GL 437 (a.k.a. AFGL 437) to infer the magnetic field (B-field) geometry of this region. The mean B-field in the diffused region, is found to be parallel to the extended cloud structure and the Galactic plane. I compared present optical polarization results with archival submm results adapted from Curran & Chrysostomou. A flipped field geometry is seen in denser parts of GL 437 which is an interesting finding. An infrared source WK 34 embedded in the cloud is associated with a poorly collimated outflow. These outflows are parallel to the inner field orientation but misaligned with outer B-fields. An investigation of gas kinematics of this region will be carried out to understand if the gas motion have some role in changing the field geometry.
Spectroscopy of the Proposed White Dwarf Pulsar ASASSN-V J205543.90+240033.5
Authors: Wagner R. Mark , Garnavich Peter , Thorstensen John R. , Littlefield Colin , Szkody Paula 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We obtained spectra of ASASSN-V J205543.90+240033.5 (J2055), a system that shows photometric variations similar to the white dwarf (WD) pulsar AR Scorpii. Our spectra display a continuum rising steeply toward the blue as well as an array of emission lines. Resolved Balmer and Paschen lines are seen with Hα and Hβ having central absorption features. The strongest lines are unresolved C ii, C iii, and N iii as well as doubly ionized helium. The spectra are similar to that of YY Hya, and suggest that J2055 is a post-common envelope binary consisting of a hot compact star irradiating the face of a secondary of unknown spectral type. Velocity variations detected from the emission lines confirm the binary nature of J2055. The origin of the 10 minutes photometric variation remains uncertain.
Comment mettre en place un protocole de recherche clinique concernant l’évaluation d’une thérapie complémentaire lorsqu’on ne vient ni du milieu médical ni de celui de la recherche ?
Authors: Bernardinelli Nathalie 
Published: October 2021

Comment monter un projet de recherche clinique sur une thérapie complémentaire lorsque l’on ne vient ni du milieu de la Santé Publique ni de celui de la Recherche ? C’est pourtant l’incroyable expérience que je suis en train de vivre. Je m’appelle Nathalie Bernardinelli, je suis professionnelle de Shiatsu depuis bientôt 10 ans. Voici l’histoire peu probable mais pourtant réelle d’une étude sur le Shiatsu et la Spondyloarthrite axiale (SpA). Tout commence par l’initiative du Syndicat des Professionnels de Shiatsu (SPS) qui, en réponse au Ministère de la Santé et des Solidarités, vise à évaluer la balance bénéfice/risque du Shiatsu. Le thème choisi par le SPS est les douleurs inflammatoires dans le cadre de la SpA. La première étape fut la rédaction d’un dossier par la Commission évaluation dont je ne faisais pas encore partie. La seconde fut ma participation au DU Recherche clinique : de l’idée à la publication de l’université Claude Bernard de Lyon. Il a fallu alors rédiger, selon les règles et les codes du milieu de la Recherche, un protocole clinique, bien loin du mode rédactionnel du dossier initial. De nombreuses questions se sont soulevées, une des principales étant comment standardiser la pratique du Shiatsu dont la spécificité est son adaptation à la personne qui le reçoit. Après un faux départ de collaboration avec un CHU, j’ai la chance aujourd’hui de travailler avec le Dr Eric Lespessailles du CHR d’Orléans pour cette étude pilote, précurseur d’une future étude multicentrique à plus haut niveau de preuve.
Autoimmunity Increases Susceptibility to and Mortality from Sepsis
Authors: Jensen Isaac J , Jensen Samantha N , McGonagill Patrick W , Griffith Thomas S , Mangalam Ashutosh K , Badovinac Vladimir P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We recently demonstrated how sepsis influences the subsequent development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) presented a conceptual advance in understanding the postsepsis chronic immunoparalysis state. However, the reverse scenario (autoimmunity prior to sepsis) defines a high-risk patient population whose susceptibility to sepsis remains poorly defined. In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics patients demonstrating increased sepsis prevalence among multiple sclerosis (MS), relative to non-MS, patients. To interrogate how autoimmune disease influences host susceptibility to sepsis, well-established murine models of MS and sepsis and EAE and cecal ligation and puncture, respectively, were used. EAE, relative to non-EAE, mice were highly susceptible to sepsis-induced mortality with elevated cytokine storms. These results were further recapitulated in LPS and Streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis models. This work highlights both the relevance of identifying highly susceptible patient populations and expands the growing body of literature that host immune status at the time of septic insult is a potent mortality determinant.