bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-energy CT predicts uric acid stones with accuracy comparable to dual-energy CT—prospective validation of a quantitative method
Authors: Jendeberg Johan , Thunberg Per , Popiolek Marcin , Lidén Mats 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To prospectively validate three quantitative single-energy CT (SE-CT) methods for classifying uric acid (UA) and non-uric acid (non-UA) stones.

Methods
Between September 2018 and September 2019, 116 study participants were prospectively included in the study if they had at least one 3–20-mm urinary stone on an initial urinary tract SE-CT scan. An additional dual-energy CT (DE-CT) scan was performed, limited to the stone of interest. Additionally, to include a sufficient number of UA stones, eight participants with confirmed UA stone on DE-CT were retrospectively included. The SE-CT stone features used in the prediction models were (1) maximum attenuation (maxHU) and (2) the peak point Laplacian (ppLapl) calculated at the position in the stone with maxHU. Two prediction models were previously published methods (ppLapl-maxHU and maxHU) and the third was derived from the previous results based on the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm (kNN-ppLapl-maxHU). The three methods were evaluated on this new independent stone dataset. The reference standard was the CT vendor’s DE-CT application for kidney stones.

Results
Altogether 124 participants (59 ± 14 years, 91 men) with 106 non-UA and 37 UA stones were evaluated. For classification of UA and non-UA stones, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100% (37/37), 97% (103/106), and 98% (140/143), respectively, for kNN-ppLapl-maxHU; 95% (35/37), 98% (104/106), and 97% (139/143) for ppLapl-maxHU; and 92% (34/37), 94% (100/106), and 94% (134/143) for maxHU.

Conclusion
A quantitative SE-CT method (kNN-ppLapl-maxHU) can classify UA stones with accuracy comparable to DE-CT.

Key Points
• Single-energy CT is the first-line diagnostic tool for suspected renal colic.
• A single-energy CT method based on the internal urinary stone attenuation distribution can classify urinary stones into uric acid and non-uric acid stones with high accuracy.
• This immensely increases the availability of in vivo stone analysis.
Latent trait modeling of tau neuropathology in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Kouri Naomi , Murray Melissa E. , Reddy Joseph S. , Serie Daniel J. , Soto-Beasley Alexandra , Allen Mariet , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Wang Xue , Castanedes Monica Casey , Baker Matthew C. , Rademakers Rosa , Uitti Ryan J. , Graff-Radford Neill R. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Crook Julia E. , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Ross Owen A. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the second most common neurodegenerative Parkinsonian disorder after Parkinson’s disease, and is characterized as a primary tauopathy. Leveraging the considerable clinical and neuropathologic heterogeneity associated with PSP, we measured tau neuropathology as quantitative traits to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) within PSP to identify genes and biological pathways that underlie the PSP disease process. In 882 PSP cases, semi-quantitative scores for phosphorylated tau-immunoreactive coiled bodies (CBs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), tufted astrocytes (TAs), and tau threads were documented from 18 brain regions, and converted to latent trait (LT) variables using the R ltm package. LT analysis utilizes a multivariate regression model that links categorical responses to unobserved covariates allowing for a reduction of dimensionality, generating a single, continuous variable to account for the multiple lesions and brain regions assessed. We first tested for association with PSP LTs and the top PSP GWAS susceptibility loci. Significant SNP/LT associations were identified at rs242557 (MAPT H1c sub-haplotype) with hindbrain CBs and rs1768208 (MOBP) with forebrain tau threads. Digital microscopy was employed to quantify phosphorylated tau burden in midbrain tectum and red nucleus in 795 PSP cases and tau burdens were used as quantitative phenotypes in GWAS. Top associations were identified at rs1768208 with midbrain tectum and red nucleus tau burden. Additionally, we performed a PSP LT GWAS on an initial cohort, a follow-up SNP panel (37 SNPs, P < 10–5) in an extended cohort, and a combined analysis. Top SNP/LT associations were identified at SNPs in or near SPTBN5/EHD4, SEC13/ATP2B2, EPHB1/PPP2R3A, TBC1D8, IFNGR1/OLIG3, ST6GAL1, HK1, CALB1, and SGCZ. Finally, testing for SNP/transcript associations using whole transcriptome and whole genome data identified significant expression quantitative trait loci at rs3088159/SPTBN5/EHD4 and rs154239/GHRL. Modeling tau neuropathology heterogeneity using LTs as quantitative phenotypes in a GWAS may provide substantial insight into biological pathways involved in PSP by affecting regional tau burden.
A comparison of foam rolling and vibration foam rolling on the quadriceps muscle function and mechanical properties
Authors: Reiner Marina Maren , Glashüttner Christoph , Bernsteiner Daniel , Tilp Markus , Guilhem Gael , Morales-Artacho Antonio , Konrad Andreas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of using a vibration foam roll (VFR) or a non-vibration foam roll (NVFR) on maximum voluntary isometric contraction peak torque (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), passive resistive torque (PRT), and shear modulus.

Methods
Twenty-one male volunteers visited the laboratory on two separate days and were randomly assigned to either a VFR group or a NVFR group. Both interventions were performed for 3 × 1 min each. Before and after each intervention, passive resistive torque and maximum voluntary isometric contraction peak torque of the leg extensors were assessed with a dynamometer. Hip extension ROM was assessed using a modified Thomas test with 3D-motion caption. Muscle shear modulus of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) was assessed with shear wave elastography (SWE).

Results
In both groups (VFR, NVFR) we observed an increase in MVIC peak torque (+ 14.2 Nm, + 8.6 Nm) and a decrease in shear modulus of the RF (− 7.2 kPa, − 4.7 kPa). However, an increase in hip extension ROM (3.3°) was only observed in the VFR group. There was no change in PRT and shear modulus of the VL and VM, in both the VFR group and the NVFR group. Our findings demonstrate a muscle-specific acute decrease in passive RF stiffness after VFR and NVFR, with an effect on joint flexibility found only after VFR.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that VFR might be a more efficient approach to maximize performance in sports with flexibility demands.
Theoretical Investigation of the Size Effect on the Oxygen Adsorption Energy of Coinage Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Hakimioun Amir H. , Dietze Elisabeth M. , Vandegehuchte Bart D. , Curulla-Ferre Daniel , Joos Lennart , Plessow Philipp N. , Studt Felix 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the finite size effect on the oxygen adsorption energy of coinage metal (Cu, Ag and Au) cuboctahedral nanoparticles in the size range of 13 to 1415 atoms (0.7–3.5 nm in diameter). Trends in particle size effects are well described with single point calculations, in which the metal atoms are frozen in their bulk position and the oxygen atom is added in a location determined from periodic surface calculations. This is shown explicitly for Cu nanoparticles, for which full geometry optimization only leads to a constant offset between relaxed and unrelaxed adsorption energies that is independent of particle size. With increasing cluster size, the adsorption energy converges systematically to the limit of the (211) extended surface. The 55-atomic cluster is an outlier for all of the coinage metals and all three materials show similar behavior with respect to particle size.Graphic Abstract
Influence of dual antiplatelet therapy duration on neointimal condition after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Goryo Yutaka , Kume Teruyoshi , Okamoto Hiroshi , Kawamura Ai , Fukuhara Kenzo , Tamada Tomoko , Koyama Terumasa , Imai Koichiro , Yamada Ryotaro , Neishi Yoji , Uemura Shiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGuidelines recommend shorter duration (1–12 months) for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era. However, whether shorter DAPT duration affects stent strut conditions and neointimal characteristics at mid-term follow-up remains uncertain. Therefore, we studied the relation between DAPT duration and vascular healing response as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study was retrospective observational study. Participants comprised 64 patients who underwent serial OCT at both 9 and 18 months after DES implantation. All patients received DAPT until the 9-month follow-up then were divided into two groups: 49 patients who continued DAPT (longer DAPT group); and 15 patients who stopped taking the P2Y12 inhibitor and were treated with aspirin alone (shorter DAPT group) at the 18-month follow-up. Using OCT, we evaluated and compared stent strut conditions and neointimal characteristics between groups at both 9 and 18 months after stent implantation. Baseline clinical and procedural parameters were mostly similar between groups. At the 18-month follow-up, no in-stent thrombus assessed by OCT was observed in either group. No significant differences in OCT characteristics or measurements of neointima were seen between groups at 9- or 18-month follow-ups. Neointimal volume increased from 9 to 18 months in both groups, with a similar degree of neointimal proliferation in both groups (shorter DAPT group, 0.23 ± 0.29 mm3/mm; longer DAPT group, 0.19 ± 0.27 mm3/mm; P = 0.56). In conclusion, interrupting DAPT 9 months after second-generation DES implantation did not affect the development of in-stent thrombus, neointimal proliferation or stent strut coverage at 18-month follow-up compared with continuing DAPT.
Dimensions of rivalry: China, the United States, and Europe
Authors: Perthes Volker 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe U.S.–China rivalry has become a guiding paradigm of international relation that can only be understood in its multidimensionality. Europe is not an equidistant observer of this conflict: European views of China have become much more critical, particularly with regard to human rights, China’s increasingly assertive regional posture and its perceived attempts to export its authoritarian political model. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased rather than mitigated mistrust. For Europe, the idea of “decoupling” from China is not an option. Rather Europe is developing its own instruments for a more coordinated China policy. It will likely continue to see China both as a competitor and as a multilateral partner and at the same time seek close coordination with the Biden administration on most international issues, including relations with China.
A systematic approach to transplanting non-resident, non-citizens in an established US pediatric lung transplant program
Authors: Alhaider S. , Maddox J.M. , Heinle J.S. , Shebaro I. , Mallory G.B. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
The Texas Children's Hospital Lung Transplant Program undertook consideration of its first non-resident, non-citizen for lung transplantation in 2011.

Methods:
Four referrals from the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia were received, and two patients were evaluated from 2011 to 2013.

Results:
After a suitable candidate and family was identified, the program adopted a systematic approach to ensure that all the necessary elements of pre-transplant care, informed consent, and post-transplant care could be effectively delivered.

Conclusion:
The use of hospital translation services and the development of a strong professional relationship with a well-trained pediatric respirologist in Saudi Arabia combined with an excellent early post-transplant clinical course provide lessons that may be of help to other transplant programs considering international patients as candidates for solid organ transplantation.
Professional and personal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on non-COVID-19-related clinical research
Authors: Melvin Ann J. , Tandon Pooja , Rowe Carly , Clohessy Denae , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to major disruptions in the clinical research enterprise. Investigators and staff at the University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Research Institute (SCRI) were surveyed to determine the impact of the pandemic restrictions on their non-COVID-19 clinical research studies. Enrollment and study visits were stopped for over half of the interventional trials. There were both positive and negative impacts of the work restrictions on the professional and personal lives of faculty and staff. Academic and research institutions should consider how best to support investigators and their teams during this pandemic.
Factors associated with the number and timing of antenatal care visits among married women in Cameroon: evidence from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Budu Eugene , Mohammed Aliu , Adu Collins , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Yaya Sanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUtilization of antenatal care (ANC) services, as part of reproductive health care, presents a lifesaving chance for health promotion and the early diagnosis and treatment of illnesses throughout pregnancy. This study examines the factors associated with the number and timing of ANC visits among married women in Cameroon using data from the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey. The outcome variables were number of ANC visits, categorized as <8 visits or ≥8 visits, and the timing of first ANC visit, categorized as ≤3 months (early) or >3 months (late) (as per the new 2016 WHO recommendations). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and p-values with significance at <0.05 were used to interpret the results. The proportions of women who had ≥8 ANC visits and first ANC visit at ≤3 months gestation were 6.3% and 35.6% respectively. Women aged 35–39 at childbirth (aOR=3.99, 95% CI=1.30–12.23), middle wealth quintile women (aOR=3.22, 95% CI=1.01–10.27), women whose husbands had secondary (aOR=7.00, 95% CI=2.26–21.71) or higher (aOR=16.93, 95% CI=4.91–58.34) education were more likely to have ≥8 ANC visits. Early timing of first ANC visit was low among women with birth order 3–4 (aOR=0.63, 95% CI=0.46–0.85). Conversely, the likelihood of having early ANC visits was high among women whose pregnancies were intended (aOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.01–1.74), the richest women (aOR=3.89, 95% CI=2.30–6.57) and women whose husbands had secondary (aOR=2.41, 95% CI=1.70–3.64) or higher (aOR=3.12, 95% CI=2.40–7.46) education. The study highlights that age at childbirth, wealth, husband’s educational attainment, birth order and pregnancy intention could influence the utilization of ANC services among married women in Cameroon. Hence, to improve attendance and early initiation of ANC, interventions should be targeted at empowering women financially and removing all financial barriers associated with accessing ANC, improving ANC education among women and encouraging male involvement in ANC education.
Ready,Set, Verify! Applyinghs-to-coqto real-world Haskell code
Authors: BREITNER JOACHIM , SPECTOR-ZABUSKY ANTAL , LI YAO , RIZKALLAH CHRISTINE , WIEGLEY JOHN , COHEN JOSHUA , WEIRICH STEPHANIE 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGood tools can bring mechanical verification to programs written in mainstream functional languages. We usehs-to-coqto translate significant portions of Haskell’scontainerslibrary into Coq, and verify it against specifications that we derive from a variety of sources including type class laws, the library’s test suite, and interfaces from Coq’s standard library. Our work shows that it is feasible to verify mature, widely used, highly optimized, and unmodified Haskell code. We also learn more about the theory of weight-balanced trees, extendhs-to-coqto handle partiality, and – since we found no bugs – attest to the superb quality of well-tested functional code.
Familial atrial rapid fibrillation associated with double mutations of SCN5A and KCNQ1
Authors: Kanai Miwa , Toyohara Keiko , Shoda Morio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFamilial atrial fibrillation is inherited and sporadically occurs in the paediatric population. Generally, fibrillated wavelets are reported at a frequency of approximately 6 Hz. Herein, we report a familial case presenting rapidly fibrillated wavelets at frequencies of approximately 12 to 30 Hz associated with KCNQ1 and SCN5A mutations.
The Development of Consensus-Based Descriptors for Low-Acuity Emergency Medical Services Cases for the South African Setting
Authors: Binks Faisal , Wallis Lee Alan , Stassen Willem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are designed to respond to and manage patients experiencing life-threatening emergencies; however, not all emergency calls are necessarily emergent and of high acuity. Emergency responses to low-acuity patients affect not only EMS, but other areas of the health care system. However, definitions of low-acuity calls are vague and subjective; therefore, it was necessary to provide a clear description of the low-acuity patient in EMS.Aim:The goal of this study was to develop descriptors for “low-acuity EMS patients” through expert consensus within the EMS environment.Methods:A Modified Delphi survey was used to develop call-out categories and descriptors of low acuity through expert opinion of practitioners within EMS. Purposive, snowball sampling was used to recruit 60 participants, of which 29 completed all three rounds. An online survey tool was used and offered both binary and free-text options to participants. Consensus of 75% was accepted on the binary options while free text offered further proposals for consideration during the survey.Results:On completion of round two, consensus was obtained on 45% (70/155) of the descriptors, and a further 30% (46/155) consensus was obtained in round three. Experts felt that respiratory distress, unconsciousness, chest pain, and severe hemorrhage cannot be considered low acuity. For other emergency response categories, specific descriptors were offered to denote a case as low acuity.Conclusion:Descriptors of low acuity in EMS are provided in both medical and trauma cases. These descriptors may not only assist in the reduction of unnecessary response and transport of patients, but also assist in identifying the most appropriate response of EMS resources to call-outs. Further development and validation are required of these descriptors in order to improve accuracy and effectiveness within the EMS dispatch environment.
Do Clothing Labels Play a Role for Weight Estimation in Pediatric Emergencies? A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Karaca Adeviyye , Akyol Kamil Can , Keşaplı Mustafa , Güngör Faruk , Cengiz Çakır Umut , Janitzky Angelika , Güven Ramazan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroduction:The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of the age value listed on the labels on children’s clothes in the age-based weight estimation method recommended by the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines.Material-Method:This prospective, cross-sectional study was organized in Antalya Training and Research Hospital Emergency Department. Children aged between 1-12 years were included in the study. The weight measurements of the children were obtained based on the age-related criteria on the labels of their clothes. The estimated values were compared with the real values of the cases measured on the scale.Results:One-thousand ninety-four cases were included, the mean age of cases in age-based measurements was 6.25 years, which was 6.5 years in label-based measurements. Average weights measured 25.75kg according to age-based measurements, 26.5kg according to label-based measurements, and 26.0kg on the scales, and showed no statistical difference (P <.0001). It was estimated that 741 (67.7%) of age-based measurements and 775 (70.8%) of label-based measurements were within (±)10% values within the normal measurement limits and no significant difference was measured.Conclusion:In the emergency department and prehospital setting, children with an unknown age and that need resuscitation and interventional procedures for stabilization, and have no time for weight estimation, checking the age on clothing label (ACL) instead of the actual age (AA) can be safely used for the age-dependent weight calculation formula recommended by the PALS guide.
Standing Out and Blending In: Contact-Based Research, Ethics, and Positionality
Authors: Holmes Carolyn E. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores the ethical difficulties that arise because of the interaction between fieldwork practitioners and their sites, in terms of the positionality of the researcher. What are the ethics of blending in or of standing out? This question stems from my experience of 12 months of fieldwork in South Africa in two distinct locales and among two different populations, one in which I could “pass” and another in which I was marked as various degrees of “outsider.” Drawing on this fieldwork, as well as an overview of the literature in political science on positionality, I argue that our discipline—because of the way it shapes interactions and research outcomes—must take positionality seriously in ethical training and practice.
Branching Condition of the Color-Word Interference Test Enhances Prediction of Meta-Tasking in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Kurniadi Natalie E. , Suchy Yana , Niermeyer Madison Amelia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives:Meta-tasking (MT) is an aspect of executive functioning (EF) that involves the ability to branch (i.e., to apply “if-then” rules) and to effectively interleave sub-goals of one task with sub-goals of another task. As such, MT is crucial for successful planning, coordination, and execution of multiple complex tasks in daily life. Traditional tests of EF fail to adequately measure MT. This study examined whether Condition 4 of the Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT-4; the inhibition/switching condition that requires branching) predicted MT beyond Condition 3 (CWIT-3; inhibition-only condition) and beyond other subtests from the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) that have a switching condition.Method:Ninety-eight non-Hispanic white community-dwelling older adults completed the first four subtests of the D-KEFS and an ecologically valid measure of MT.Results:Time to completion and total errors on CWIT-4 accounted for variance in MT above and beyond CWIT-3 and beyond the switching conditions of other D-KEFS subtests. Results remained virtually unchanged when controlling for demographics and general cognitive status.Conclusions:Among older adults, CWIT-4 is more strongly associated with MT than other D-KFES tasks. Future research should examine whether CWIT-4 relates to lapses in instrumental activities of daily living among older adults above and beyond other EF tests.