bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement invariance testing of longitudinal neuropsychiatric test scores distinguishes pathological from normative cognitive decline and highlights its potential in early detection research
Authors: Haberstumpf Sophia , Forster André , Leinweber Jonas , Rauskolb Stefanie , Hewig Johannes , Sendtner Michael , Lauer Martin , Polak Thomas , Deckert Jürgen , Herrmann Martin J. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing challenge worldwide, which is why the search for early‐onset predictors must be focused as soon as possible. Longitudinal studies that investigate courses of neuropsychological and other variables screen for such predictors correlated to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, one often neglected issue in analyses of such studies is measurement invariance (MI), which is often assumed but not tested for. This study uses the absence of MI (non‐MI) and latent factor scores instead of composite variables to assess properties of cognitive domains, compensation mechanisms, and their predictability to establish a method for a more comprehensive understanding of pathological cognitive decline.MethodsAn exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a set of increasingly restricted confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to find latent factors, compared them with the composite approach, and to test for longitudinal (partial‐)MI in a neuropsychiatric test battery, consisting of 14 test variables. A total of 330 elderly (mean age: 73.78 ± 1.52 years at baseline) were analyzed two times (3 years apart).ResultsEFA revealed a four‐factor model representing declarative memory, attention, working memory, and visual–spatial processing. Based on CFA, an accurate model was estimated across both measurement timepoints. Partial non‐MI was found for parameters such as loadings, test‐ and latent factor intercepts as well as latent factor variances. The latent factor approach was preferable to the composite approach.ConclusionThe overall assessment of non‐MI latent factors may pose a possible target for this field of research. Hence, the non‐MI of variances indicated variables that are especially suited for the prediction of pathological cognitive decline, while non‐MI of intercepts indicated general aging‐related decline. As a result, the sole assessment of MI may help distinguish pathological from normative aging processes and additionally may reveal compensatory neuropsychological mechanisms.
Autonomy and repeasantization: Conceptual, analytical, and methodological problems
Authors: Jansen Kees , Vicol Mark , Nikol Lisette 
Published: December 2021

Abstract“Autonomy,” as a desirable state, is a notion often used by food sovereignty‐oriented farmer movements and scholars studying repeasantization. The term is predominantly used rather casually, relying on presumed meanings, but van der Ploeg's book The New Peasantries seeks to elaborate a particular meaning of autonomy as a characteristic feature of the peasantry. The desire of farmers/peasants for autonomy is formulated in tandem with agroecological agriculture, farmers' agency, locally “nested” markets, co‐production with nature, non‐commoditized production, and multiple kinds of peasant resistance. This article identifies the distinctive nature of this take on autonomy and analyses its analytical, normative, and political aspects. It develops several critiques regarding the analytical shortcomings of the notion of peasant autonomy: the methodological problem of a peasant bias; the analytical limitations and incompatibility of intrinsic and “relative” autonomy; and the neglect of accumulation from below and subtle class contradictions. Rather than centring autonomy or relative autonomy, the authors argue for shifting the focus to the nature of different types of dependency relationships, ranging from very exploitative to those vital for human flourishing.
Navigating internet‐mediated ethnography for socio‐legal researchers
Authors: UBERTI FRANCESCA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs legal phenomena have become entangled with information and communication technologies, and the internet in particular, it is important for socio‐legal researchers to engage with online‐focused methodological approaches. This article contributes to this need by offering an exploration of some significant theoretical and methodological problematics presented by ethnographic approaches to internet research. Drawing on the methodological literature and reflections on my own research experience, the article discusses how internet‐mediated ethnography differs from other online‐focused approaches and considers the relationship between online and ‘traditional’ ‘real‐life’ ethnography. The article suggests that notwithstanding its internal diversity and fluid boundaries, internet‐mediated ethnography is a distinct approach to research, albeit one that bears a ‘family resemblance’ to traditional ethnography and offers advantages in terms of flexibility, depth of analysis, and understanding of the social contexts surrounding mediated life.
Effect of Collaborative Care for Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms on Academic Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rivara Frederick P. , Marcynyszyn Lyscha A. , Wang Jin , Chrisman Sara P. D. , Hilt Robert , Zatzick Douglas F. , Johnson Ashleigh M. , Jinguji Thomas , Quitiquit Celeste , McCarty Carolyn A. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is limited long‐term data on the course of school‐related problems and academic needs for youth with persistent post‐concussive symptoms (PPCS).METHODSThis was a randomized trial comparing collaborative care to usual care for 200 youth 11–18 years of age with PPCS. In this report, the main outcomes were academic functioning, GPA, school absences, date of return to school, and school days missed.RESULTSYouth were mean age of 14.7 (SD = 1.7), 62.0% female. New or worsening academic problems occurred in half of participants in both groups at 12 months after injury. Students were most concerned about grades and falling behind. There were no significant differences by study group on school problems or GPA, but number of days missed was lower in the collaborative care group compared at 3 months (12.5 [SD = 14.5] vs 16.1 days [20.4] adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.67 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.74; p < .001]), 6 months (14.5 [22.1] vs 19.3 [26.6] aRR 0.77 [95% CI: 0.71, 0.84; p < .001]), and 12 months (16.9 [25.4] vs 19.6 [27.7], aRR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.62, 0.74; p < .001]).CONCLUSIONSYouth with PPCS are at high risk of school problems in the year after injury.
Dental care utilization during pregnancy by Medicaid dental coverage in 26 states: Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system 2014–2015
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Marsteller Jill A. , Wenzel Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between Medicaid dental coverage for adult pregnant women with dental care utilization during pregnancy.MethodsPregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) data (2014–2015) and the Medicaid‐SCHIP state dental association (MSDA) national profiles (2014–2015) were used in this study. The study sample included 16,612 Medicaid‐enrolled women, for a weighted number of 965,046 women from 26 states and New York City. State Medicaid dental coverage was categorized into (1) no coverage for the dental cleaning, (2) coverage for dental cleaning and fillings, (3) extended dental coverage. The adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for dental visits for cleaning during pregnancy were examined by Medicaid dental coverage level.ResultsMedicaid‐enrolled women in states with no dental coverage were less likely to visit dentists for cleaning during pregnancy (26.7%) compared with women in states with either limited dental coverage (36.6%) or extended dental coverage (44.9%). Compared with women in state without dental coverage, Medicaid‐enrolled women in states with extended dental coverage (aPR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.16–1.23]) and women in states with limited coverage (aPR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.06–1.14]) were more likely to visit dentists for cleaning during pregnancy when adjusted for other sociodemographic variables and adequacy of prenatal care. A similar pattern of association was observed for a dental visit to address dental problems during pregnancy.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of Medicaid dental coverage for adult pregnant women related to dental service utilization during pregnancy.
Iran's Regional Influence in Light of Its Security Concerns
Authors: Akbar Ali 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the past two decades, Iran has gained a prominent position in the Middle East. Its influence in Iraq has gradually increased following the US invasion in 2003, and in Syria after the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011. Many scholars and political analysts frame Iran's actions in the region as driven by the country's desire for expansionism. This article, however, demonstrates that Tehran's foreign policy rationale for exercising regional influence, especially in Iraq and Syria, has mainly been oriented around guaranteeing Iran's national security.
Oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis versus healthy counterparts
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Xiaoxuan , Zheng Ming , Luan Qingxian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveElevated p53 promotes oxidative stress and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in liposaccharide (LPS)‐treated healthy human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). This study compared oxidative stress, production of inflammatory cytokines, and p53 expression in HGFs from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy subjects in vitro upon LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis challenge.MethodsHuman gingival fibroblasts were isolated from 6 biopsies—3 from healthy donors and 3 from diseased area in CP (Grade B, Stage III). HGFs were cultured with or without 1 μg/ml 24 h LPS. Oxidative stress was assessed by analyzing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration were determined by immunofluorescence and respirometry, respectively. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐1β were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. P53 expression was monitored by Western blot and immunofluorescence.ResultsHuman gingival fibroblasts from CP exhibited increased levels of mitochondrial p53, enhanced ROS production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and increased secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, as compared to HGFs from healthy donors. Moreover, LPS exacerbated these changes.ConclusionHuman gingival fibroblasts from CP exhibited stronger basal and LPS‐inducible oxidative stress and inflammatory response as compared to HGFs from healthy subjects by increased p53 in mitochondria.
Reductions in experiential avoidance explain changes in anxiety, depression and well‐being after a mindfulness and self‐compassion (MSC) training
Authors: Yela José Ramón , Crego Antonio , Buz José , Sánchez‐Zaballos Elena , Gómez‐Martínez María Ángeles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe mindfulness and self‐compassion (MSC) protocol has shown efficacy in reducing mental illness symptoms and increasing well‐being. However, little is known on how the positive outcomes are produced. This study explores how reductions in experiential avoidance following MSC training may explain changes in the participants’ levels of anxiety, depression, and well‐being.MethodsThe 8‐week protocol‐based MSC training was delivered to 50 participants, and pre‐ to post‐ intervention changes in anxiety, depression, and well‐being were measured. A series of mediation models were conducted, with changes in self‐compassion as predictor, changes in experiential avoidance as mediator, and changes in mental health and well‐being as outcome variables. Point estimates and bootstrap‐corrected 95% confidence intervals were calculated to analyse indirect effects through experiential avoidance, by means of structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsFollowing MSC training, participants increased their levels of self‐compassion, reduced experiential avoidance, and enhanced mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms) and well‐being scores. Increases in self‐compassion were associated with decreases in experiential avoidance, which in turn were connected with changes in anxiety, depression, and well‐being from pre‐ to post‐training. The indirect path through changes in experiential avoidance represented moderate to large proportions of the total effects of self‐compassion change‐scores on anxiety, depression, and well‐being change‐scores.ConclusionsReducing experiential avoidance and increasing psychological flexibility may be a key effect of MSC training linked to improvements of the participants’ mental health and well‐being scores. Self‐compassion practices could exert effects on anxiety, depression and well‐being mainly through promoting reductions in experiential avoidance.
On the emergent behavior of the swarming models on the complex sphere
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Kim Jeongho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study swarming models on the complex unit sphere in the Hilbert space, which are generalizations of the well‐known swarming model on the real unit sphere. We introduce two possible models: The first one is induced from the standard swarming model on the real sphere, and the second one is obtained by taking the conjugate to the inner product in the first one, which seems analogous to the projection in quantum mechanics. We provide various asymptotic behaviors of the two models and clarified their differences from the perspective of emergent dynamics. Finally, we conduct several numerical simulations that support the analytical results and provide further qualitative insight beyond our theoretical results.
Navigating diversity: Maternal ideologies and associations with child interethnic prejudice in the Netherlands
Authors: de Bruijn Ymke , Emmen Rosanneke A. G. , Mesman Judi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractParental diversity ideologies are linked to their own interethnic prejudice, but how do they relate to children's prejudice? This study examined self‐reported endorsement of colorblind ideology and multiculturalism among mothers (138 White Dutch, 65 Turkish‐Dutch, and 45 Afro‐Dutch) of 6‐to 10‐year old children (55% girls), and its association with child interethnic prejudice. Endorsement of multiculturalism was lowest among White Dutch mothers, and endorsement of colorblind ideology was lowest among Afro‐Dutch mothers. Maternal endorsement of multiculturalism was negatively related to child outgroup prejudice among White Dutch families and among Turkish‐Dutch families in the context of underrepresented outgroups, and results suggest no or opposite associations for colorblind ideology. Future research should explore what parenting based on these ideologies looks like, but the present study points parents in the direction of a multicultural, rather than colorblind, approach.
Effect of conservation tillage on crop yield and soil organic carbon in Northeast China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: He Cong , Niu Jia‐Rui , Xu Cheng‐Tang , Han Shou‐Wei , Bai Wei , Song Qiu‐Lai , Dang Yash Pal , Zhang Hai‐Lin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNortheast China, the important grain‐producing region in China, is under threat from soil degradation because of long‐term conventional tillage (CT). The adoption of conservation tillage is anticipated to restore soil fertility, maintain crop yields and enhance sustainability. However, the integrated effects of conservation tillage practice on crop yields and soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. In this meta‐analysis of peer‐reviewed studies conducted in the Northeast China region, we assess crop yields and SOC values under no‐till, ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage practices. The results indicate that in areas with mean annual temperatures (MAT) below 3°C, crop yields were significantly (p < .05) higher under ridge tillage (0.8%) and subsoiling tillage (13.1%) compared with CT, whereas yields reduced under no‐till (−3.7%). Ridge tillage generally had a similar effect on crop yield as no‐till, without the negative impact in colder regions. We also report that no‐till practice increased SOC concentrations by 24.1%, 43.9% and 17.4% in areas of higher temperature (MAT > 6°C), low mean annual precipitation (MAP) (<500 mm) and continuous cropping conditions, respectively. Ridge tillage and subsoiling tillage also had positive effects on SOC concentrations (to a lesser degree than no‐till), indicating that conservation tillage can enhance SOC in Northeast China. Overall, the implementation of different conservation tillage measures in Northeast China was found to enhance crop yields and sequester carbon. We recommend that ridge tillage is used in colder areas and that subsoiling tillage is used in rotation with other tillage measures to maintain crop yields.
Non‐cognitive testing in medical student selection: the development and evaluation of a novel MMI station
Authors: Sanwo Olatokunbo , Chan Philip 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMultiple mini‐interviews (MMIs) are a well‐established method of assessing non‐cognitive skills in medical student selection in the United Kingdom; however, there are concerns that as MMIs become more predictable, candidates can be coached through the process. An innovative station was introduced at a new medical school to assess less commonly evaluated non‐cognitive skills in the context of a skills task.ObjectiveOur study aimed to evaluate candidate scores on the novel station and explore how they compared with scores on a traditional questions‐based station and to the overall interview score.MethodsUsing a laparoscopic skills trainer, candidates were asked to pass a string through as many hoops as possible, only viewing the image on a screen. All candidates were assessed on decision making, managing stressful situations and creativity using several psychological parameters. Scores were then compared with scores on a traditional values‐based question and the overall interview score.ResultsTwo hundred eighty‐seven candidates completed the station. The average score on the novel station was significantly higher than the average scores on the other stations (paired Student's t‐test, p < 0.05). There was no correlation between scores on the novel station and the traditional values‐based question, suggesting different skills were being assessed in each station.DiscussionThis station showed it is possible to test less commonly tested non‐cognitive skills, in a realistic way. Unlike traditional stations, there is no reliance on candidate recall to award marks, therefore making it more difficult to coach. However, further work is required to refine and improve the testing environment.
Clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients following COVID‐19 vaccination: A multicenter case series
Authors: Saharia Kapil K. , Anjan Shweta , Streit Judy , Beekmann Susan E. , Polgreen Philip M. , Kuehnert Matthew , Segev Dorry L. , Baddley John W. , Miller Rachel A. ,   the EIN COVID‐19 Study Team
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) have diminished humoral immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccination and higher rates of COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infection than the general population. Little is known about COVID‐19 disease severity in SOTR with COVID‐19 vaccine breakthrough infections.MethodsBetween 4/7/21 and 6/21/21, we requested case reports via the Emerging Infections Network (EIN) listserv of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection following COVID‐19 vaccination in SOTR. Online data collection included patient demographics, dates of COVID‐19 vaccine administration, and clinical data related to COVID‐19. We performed a descriptive analysis of patient factors and evaluated variables contributing to critical disease or need for hospitalization.ResultsSixty‐six cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection after vaccination in SOTR were collected. COVID‐19 occurred after the second vaccine dose in 52 (78.8%) cases, of which 43 (82.7%) occurred ≥14 days post‐vaccination. There were six deaths, three occurring in fully vaccinated individuals (7.0%, n = 3/43). There was no difference in the percentage of patients who recovered from COVID‐19 (70.7% vs. 72.2%, p = .90) among fully and partially vaccinated individuals. We did not identify any differences in hospitalization (60.5% vs. 55.6%, p = .72) or critical disease (20.9% vs. 33.3%, p = .30) among those who were fully versus partially vaccinated.ConclusionsSOTR vaccinated against COVID‐19 can still develop severe, and even critical, COVID‐19 disease. Two doses of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine may be insufficient to protect against severe disease and mortality in SOTR. Future studies to define correlates of protection in SOTR are needed.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of apple and peach fruits: insights into fruit type specification
Authors: Li Muzi , Galimba Kelsey , Xiao Yuwei , Dardick Chris , Mount Stephen M. , Callahan Ann , Liu Zhongchi 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYFruits represent key evolutionary innovations in angiosperms and exhibit diverse types adapted for seed dissemination. However, the mechanisms that underlie fruit type diversity are not understood. The Rosaceae family comprises many different fruit types, including ‘pome’ and ‘drupe’ fruits, and hence is an excellent family for investigating the genetic basis of fruit type specification. Using comparative transcriptomics, we investigated the molecular events that correlate with pome (apple) and drupe (peach) fleshy fruit development, focusing on the earliest stages of fruit initiation. We identified PI and TM6, MADS box genes whose expression negatively correlates with fruit flesh‐forming tissues irrespective of fruit type. In addition, the MADS box gene FBP9 is expressed in fruit‐forming tissues in both species, and was lost multiple times in the genomes of dry‐fruit‐forming eudicots including Arabidopsis. Network analysis reveals co‐expression between FBP9 and photosynthesis genes in both apple and peach, suggesting that FBP9 and photosynthesis may both promote fleshy fruit development. The large transcriptomic datasets at the earliest stages of pome and drupe fruit development provide rich resources for comparative studies, and the work provides important insights into fruit‐type specification.
Implementation of Robotic Ankle–Foot Orthosis With an Impedance-Based Assist-as-Needed Control Strategy
Authors: Chen Bing , Zi Bin , Zhou Bin , Wang Zhengyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a robotic ankle–foot orthosis (AFO) is developed for individuals with a paretic ankle, and an impedance-based assist-as-needed controller is designed for the robotic AFO to provide adaptive assistance. First, a description of the robotic AFO hardware design is presented. Next, the design of the finite state machine is introduced, followed by an introduction to the modeling of the robotic AFO. Additionally, the control of the robotic AFO is presented. An impedance-based high-level controller that is composed of an ankle impedance based torque generation controller and an impedance controller is designed for the high-level control. A compensated low-level controller that is composed of a braking controller and a proportional-derivative controller with a compensation part is designed for the low-level control. Finally, a pilot study with eight healthy participants is conducted, and the experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed control algorithm, the robotic AFO has the potential for ankle rehabilitation by providing adaptive assistance. In the assisted condition with a high level of assistance, reductions of 8% and 20.1% of the root mean square of the tibialis anterior and lateral soleus activities are observed, respectively.