bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Внебольничные пневмонии бактериальной этиологии и спектр чувствительности возбудителей к антибиотикам у коронапозитивных и коронанегативных больных
Authors: Павлович Наталья , Цимбалистова Марина , Аронова Надежда 
Published: March 2021

Актуальность. В условиях продолжающейся пандемии коронавирусной инфекции на фоне снижения иммунного статуса организма течение вирусной пневмонии достаточно часто осложняется присоединением бактериальной микрофлоры. Возбудители такой коинфекции могут проявлять множественную лекарственную резистентность, что существенно снижает эффективность этиотропной терапии. В этой связи целесообразным представляется микробиологическое сопровождение пациентов с целью выбора наиболее оптимальных схем лечения.
Цель. Изучение видового состава бактериальных возбудителей внебольничных пневмоний (ВП) у коронапозитивных (Covid-19 +) и коронанегативных (Covid-19 -) пациентов и определение спектра их чувствительности/устойчивости к антибактериальным препаратам.
Материал и методы. Исследован видовой состав микроорганизмов образцов мокроты от 723 пациентов с ВП, поступивших из ЛПО г. Ростова-на-Дону в августе и декабре 2020 года. Идентификацию выделенных культур проводили с помощью бактериологического и масс-спектрометрического методов. Чувствительность бактерий к антибиотикам определяли диско-диффузионным методом.
Результаты. Показано, что в августе в спектре возбудителей ВП превалировали пневмококки и стафилококки, тогда как в декабре вырос процент выделений Acinetobacter spp. и S. haemolyticus. Обнаружена высокая степень изоляции различных видов дрожжей р. Candida, причем у Cov+ больных выявлена тенденция к большей обсемененности (≥104 м.кл./мл). Некоторые возбудители (A. baumannii, S. haemolyticus, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia) характеризуются полиантибиотикорезистентностью, а отдельные штаммы этих видов – панрезистентностью ко всем группам антибиотиков.
Заключение. Полученные данные демонстрируют, что тяжелые формы внебольничной пневмонии могут быть обусловлены вирусо-бактериальными и вирусо-бактериально-дрожжевыми ассоциациями возбудителей, включая бактерии с узким спектром чувствительности к антибактериальным препаратам.
Geoprocessing Techniques for the Visualization of Subsurface Geologic Data in Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Williams Nathan D. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The ability to visualize subsurface geologic information is critical to sound decision making in many disciplines of geology. While there are numerous commercial off-the-shelf software solutions available to model geologic data in both 2D and 3D, these can be costly and have a steep learning curve. Some of the same functionality of these software packages can be accomplished by workflows that incorporate built-in geoprocessing tools of Geographic Information System (GIS) software. These workflows allow the geologist to plot vertical or inclined borehole data in 2D or 3D, create section views of raster data along section lines, and provide a means to convert contact elevations from existing geologic cross sections into plan-view or 3D space. These workflows have been successfully used to visualize construction data and subsurface geologic information for several embankment dams. Grouting and exploratory borehole data from databases with tens of thousands of records have been transformed into 2D and 3D GIS features. The workflows were instrumental in developing a 3D GIS model of site geology from which a series of geologic cross sections were drawn. These sections were critical in informing risk decisions related to the foundation conditions for a recent risk assessment of an earthen embankment dam.
Improved Automated Mapping of Sinkholes Using High-Resolution DEMs
Authors: Admassu Yonathan , Woodruff Celestine 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Sinkholes are common surface manifestations of the presence of networks of subsurface caverns in areas where the bedrock geology is dominated by soluble rocks such as limestones. Accurate mapping of sinkholes is crucial as they are hazardous to transportation infrastructure and may serve as conduits of contaminants to the groundwater. The use of high-resolution digital elevation models extracted from LiDAR and tools in ArcGIS have made it a simple task to automate the process of identification of closed depressions. However, these automated methods do not differentiate between sinkholes and other man-made depressions. Multivariate statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and logistic regression were used to produce predictive models based on selected shape factor values such as circularity, sphericity, and curvature. Curvature values, especially when combined with circularity, were found to be the most powerful variables in separating closed depressions into sinkholes and other artificial depressions.
An UV disinfection robot combined cleaning and housekeeping strategy for the hospital during COVID-19 pandemic: How we protect the hospital cleaning staff?
Authors: Devrim İlker , Çatıkoğlu Aslı , Bayram Nuri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents important infection control challenges for the health care facilities. Proper cleaning of the patient's room after the discharge of the patients is important to protect the housekeeping staff as well as other patients
Methods

In this study, we reviewed our
experience with a novel multipurpose hybrid UV disinfecting and air
disinfecting robot and the impact of it for preventing hospital
cleaners getting occupational COVID-19 infection.
Results

Between 11, March 2020 and 11 December 2020, a total of 301 children with COVID-19 were hospitalized at the COVID-19 ward. The mean hospital stay was 3.77 ± 2.71 days (range from1 to 20 days) and total COVID-19 related-care. The mean working time was 9.4 ± 1.6 months (range 5 to 10 months). The total working hours for a month for one hospital cleaner was 196 to 204 hours per month. The total duration of the UVC-robot was 491 hours 33 minutes for fans and 473 hours 20 minutes for UV lamps. During the follow-up period, two of the hospital cleaners had definitively community-acquired COVID-19 infection, but none of them had symptomatic COVID-19 infection during the study period.
Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, none of the hospital cleaners got hospital-associated COVID-19 infection. The combination of personal protective equipment in addition to UVC-robot integrated environmental disinfection is an important strategy to protect health-care workers.
Simultaneous and Rapid Removal of Safranin O (SO) and Basic Blue 41 (BB) Dyes by Sulfonated Polyacrylamide (PAA-SO3H) As Super-Adsorbent, Isotherms, and Kinetics Studies
Authors: Zare Mohammad Ali , Jamali Zahra , Fadavi Abdoulhamid , Sanaye Reza , Iranpour Maryam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The goal of this piece of research would be delving into the nature of simultaneous ultrasound removal of SO and BB dyes into solutions by means of sulfonated polyacrylamide as an efficient adsorbent. Sulfonated polyacrylamide has been synthesized and fully described, applying FT-IR technique. The percentage level of dye removal was investigated under several factors such as the time of sonicating, initial concentrations of dye, pH, and adsorbent dosage. Optimization of parameters was conducted using central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM). An acceptable degree of consonance between experimental and calculated values was arrived at. High percentage removal (90.0% and 99.9%) of SO and BB in short time (2.16 min) were recorded through the application of an ultrasound-assisted adsorbent (0.008g).
The Immuno-Inflammatory Effect of IL-27 in Preterm Labor
Authors: Mei Youwen , Ran yuxin , liu zheng , zhou yunqian , He Jie , Yin Nanlin , Qi Hongbo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the effect of IL-27 on Th1 cells infiltration in human fetal membranes (FMs) and the underlying mechanisms in preterm labor.
Methods

The expression of IL-27 receptor a subunit (IL-27R𝛼) and Th1 cells were studied in human FMs from pregnant women with preterm labor (PL) and term labor (TL). In vitro, we investigated the effects of IL-27 in human amniotic cell lineage on the Th1 related chemokines and adhesive molecules and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules.
Results

The expression of IL-27R𝛼 was higher in human fetal membranes from PL group compared with TL group. Compared with TL group, the PL group had more Th1 cells infiltration in human FMs. Meanwhile, it was confirmed the expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and ICAM-1 were higher in FMs from PL group to TL group. Moreover, IL-27 stimulation can up-regulate the expression of those chemokines in human amniotic cell lineage via JAK2/STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Conclusions

The expression of IL-27R𝛼 and number of Th1 cells infiltration were higher at FMs of PL group than TL group. IL-27 could promote Th1 related chemokines and adhesive molecules in human amniotic cell lineage mainly through JAK2/STAT1/STAT3 signaling pathway.
White Thrombosis on Optical Coherence Tomography after Rotational Atherectomy of Severely Coronary Calcified Lesions
Authors: CAO Cheng-fu , MA Yu-liang , LI Qi , LIU Jian , ZHAO Hong , LU Ming-yu , WANG weimin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Rotational atherectomy (RA) has improved percutaneous treatment of severe coronary calcified lesions, but the "no-reflow" phenomenon remains a serious complication. Platelet activation by RA may contribute to the no-reflow, we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to test the effect of RA on white thrombosis that could confirm platelet activation indirectly.
Methods

We analyzed 53 consecutive patients with coronary angiographic severe calcified lesions. All the patients were examined by OCT. Twenty patients received RA and OCT imaging performed before and after RA and stent implantation. The remaining patients were as a control group and OCT imaging performed before balloon dilatation and after stent implantation.
Results

The patients were older and higher incidence of Diabetes mellitus in the RA group. In the control group, there was no thrombogenesis during the procedure, but in the RA group, all the target vessels had white thrombosis on OCT after RA. The average number of white thrombus per lesion after RA was 7.23 ± 4.4, and the average length of every white thrombus was 0.51 ± 0.33mm. In Pearson Correlation Analysis, Thrombotic load was related with burr size (r = 0.575, P = 0.040) and rotation number (r = 0.599, P = 0.031).
Conclusions

White thrombosis during RA is proved by OCT in vivo. Treating calcified lesions with RA may enhance thrombogenesis. These data suggest using a proper therapy to avoid no-reflow during RA.
Mainstreaming of conspiracy theories and misinformation
Authors: Johnson Neil , Velasquez Nicolas , Restrepo Nicholas Johnson , Leahy Rhys , Sear Richard , Gabriel Nick , Lupu Yonatan , Larson Heidi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Parents - particularly moms - increasingly consult social media for support when taking decisions about their young children, and likely also when advising other family members such as elderly relatives. Minimizing malignant online influences is therefore crucial to securing their assent for policies ranging from vaccinations, masks and social distancing against the pandemic, to household best practices against climate change, to acceptance of future 5G towers nearby. Here we show how a strengthening of bonds across online communities during the pandemic, has led to non-Covid-19 conspiracy theories (e.g. fluoride, chemtrails, 5G) attaining heightened access to mainstream parent communities. Alternative health communities act as the critical conduits between conspiracy theorists and parents, and make the narratives more palatable to the latter. We demonstrate experimentally that these inter-community bonds can perpetually generate new misinformation, irrespective of any changes in factual information. Our findings show explicitly why Facebook's current policies have failed to stop the mainstreaming of non-Covid-19 and Covid-19 conspiracy theories and misinformation, and why targeting the largest communities will not work. A simple yet exactly solvable and empirically grounded mathematical model, shows how modest tailoring of mainstream communities' couplings could prevent them from tipping against establishment guidance. Our conclusions should also apply to other social media platforms and topics.
Endless Elastic Beam Travelling on a Moving Rough Surface With Zones of Stick and Sliding
Authors: Vetyukov Yury 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study the planar deformation of a beam that travels across a given control domain supported by a moving rough plane, which is a prototype for various technological processes. A sufficiently small misalignment between the guideways at the ends of the domain results into a stationary regime of motion, which features a zone of sticking contact near the entry to the control domain followed by infinitely many segments of transverse sliding with alternating directions. Self-similarity of this solution of an essentially nonlinear boundary value problem is the primary novel result of the present contribution. Closed-form analytic results are validated against a finite element simulation of the transient evolution process, which demonstrates stability of the obtained solution and provides insights regarding the characteristic time scales of establishing of subsequent zones of sliding.
Research on Direct Shear Strength Characteristics of Mechanically Biologically Treated Waste
Authors: Zhang Zhenying , Zhang Jiahe , Wang Qiaona , Wang Min , Nie Chengyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mechanically biologically treated (MBT) waste has significant characteristics such as high stability and low moisture content, which can reduce water, soil, and gas pollution in subsequent treatments. This pre-treatment method is environmentally friendly and sustainable, and has become a popular research topic in the field of environmental geotechnical engineering. Using a direct shear test apparatus and five shearing rates (0.25, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mm/min), the shear strength characteristics of MBT waste at the Hangzhou Tianziling (HT) Landfill were studied. The results indicate: (1). With the increase in horizontal shear displacement, the shear stress of MBT waste gradually increases without a peak stress phenomenon, which is a displacement hardening curve; (2). The shear strength increased with an increase in the shearing displacement rate, and the sensitivity coefficient was 0.64–2.66. (3). The shear strength, shearing rate, and normal stress correlation model are established, and the model has a high degree of fit with the overall experimental data; (4). Cohesion (c), internal friction angle (φ), and the logarithm of the shearing rate are linear; (5). The range of c of MBT waste is 22.32–39.51 kPa, and φ is 64.24–.68.52°. Meanwhile, the test data are compared with the test data in the literature, and the shear characteristics of HT-MBT waste are discussed. The research results of this study can provide a reference for the stability calculation of MBT landfills.
Association Between Ambient Air Pollution and Multiple Sclerosis: a Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Qing-Ru , Mao Yan-Mei , Xia Yuan-Rui , Guo Heng-Sheng , Wang Jun-Ping , Shuai Zong-Wen , Ye Dong-Qing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effects of air pollutants on autoimmune diseases are gaining increasing attention. At present, no studies have conducted systemic review and meta-analysis on ambient air pollution and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper, literature was collected in order to explore whether there was a connection between air pollutants and MS or not. Through electronic literature search, literature related to our research topic was collected in Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed till August 18, 2020 according to certain criteria. Pooled risk estimate and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by random-effect model analysis. After removing copies, browsing titles and abstracts and reading full text, 6 studies were finally included. The results showed that only particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 (PM10) was related to MS (pooled HR=1.058, 95% CI=1.050-1.066), and no correlation was found between other pollutants and MS. There was no publication bias, and the heterogeneity analysis results were stable. PM is correlated with the disease MS, while other pollution is not connected with MS. More literature results need to be included to meta-analysis results for further study.
Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutant accumulation in Sediments of the Klip River Wetland, Johannesburg
Authors: Olasupo Ayo , Buah-Kwofie Archibold 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The accumulation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) was investigated in sediments of the Klip River wetland Johannesburg South Africa. The wetland serves as an important source of potable water to the Vaal Dam Johannesburg and purifier of contaminants from different anthropogenic activities at the Witwatersrand basin. In this study, PCBs and PAHs were found to be spatially distributed in surface and core sediments of the two major tributaries entering into the wetland. The total concentration of PAHs and PCBs found in the surface sediments ranged from 45–95 mg/kg and 0.2–5.3 mg/kg respectively. Highlights of the distribution of PAHs indicated the upstream sites of both tributaries to be more polluted and were attributed to the proximity of these sites to heavy traffic and industrial complexes. Conversely, the downstream sites were more polluted with residues of PCBs and were attributed to anthropogenic activities from the residential settlements of Soweto and Lenasia. The total amount of PAHs and PCBs found in the sediment core site were 2.4 − 6.3 mg/kg and 0.17–0.80 mg/kg respectively, which is significantly lower than the concentrations found in the surface sample sites. Risk characterization of the sites indicated that about 60% of the investigated sites could be classified as moderately to highly polluted sites with potential ecological risk. A further investigation is therefore required for comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment.
Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Clopyralid Herbicide on&nbsp;Allium Cepa Roots
Authors: Amaç Eslem , Liman Recep 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Clopyralid is a one of the synthetic pyridine-carboxylate auxin herbicides and used to control perennial and annual broadleaf weeds in wheat, sugar beets and canola etc. In this study, dose dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clopyralid at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) on the Allium cepa roots were evaluated at macroscopic (root growth) and microscopic levels (Mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CAs) in ana-telophase cells and DNA damage) using root growth inhibition, Allium ana-telophase and comet tests. The percentage root growth inhibition and concentration reducing root growth by 50% (EC50) of clopyralid in relation to the negative control were determined by using various concentrations of clopyralid (6.25–1000 µg/L). The 96 h EC50 of clopyralid was recorded as 50 µg/L. The gradual decrease in root growth and the MI reveals the cytotoxic effects of clopyralid. All the tested concentrations of clopyralid induced total CAs (polyploidy, stickiness, anaphase bridges, chromosome laggards, and disturbed ana-telophase) and DNA damage dose and time dependently. This study confirmed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of clopyralid on non-target organism.
Effectiveness of MI VarnishTM&nbsp;and PreviDentâ&nbsp;Varnish in Non-cavitated Interproximal Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Authors: Helal Narmin M. , Azzahrani Ghadi S. , Azzouz Lujain Z. , Sabbgh Heba J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: the clinical investigations regarding the efficacy of different fluoride products are limited. Aim: to compare the effectiveness of Colgateâ PreviDentâ and MITM varnishes to the standard (1.23%) acidulated phosphate fluoride gel in the remineralization of non-cavitated proximal incipient lesions. Design: this randomized clinical trial included 91 lesions which were assigned to three groups. We performed an initial examination, and 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Result: teeth treated with both MITM and Colgateâ PreviDentâ varnishes showed statistically significant improvements in caries progression. In the Colgateâ PreviDentâ group, nine surfaces with white spots with dryness remained unchanged, one surface changed to a white spot without dryness, and one surface improved to a sound surface. In the MITM group, nine surfaces with white spots with dryness remained unchanged, and one surface changed to a white spot without dryness. Only teeth treated with MI varnishTM showed significant improvements radiographically. Teeth affected by outer enamel caries remained the same or improved to sound surfaces. Additionally, teeth with inner enamel caries remained the same. Conclusion: both MITM and Colgateâ PreviDentâ varnishes are effective therapies to remineralize non-cavitated incipient lesions. However, there were no significant differences in the radiographic outcomes among the three types of varnish applications. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT03925740), and the first registration date was on 24/04/2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee at King Abdulaziz University (REC-013-01019).All methods were carried out in accordance to the ethical committee at King Abdulaziz University guidelines and regulations.
Experiences of Nurses on Perceived Therapeutic Communication Barriers in Ethiopia, A Qualitative Study
Authors: EMISHAW SOLOMON , ANIMAW WORKU , DESIE TIGABU , SELOMON NIGUSIE , MAREW CHALIE , BIRHANU ADANE , TIGABU AGIMASIE , WUBNEH MOGES 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Communication is the exchanging of the message by using verbal and non-verbal ways. It is an essential skill, particularly for nurses. Communication barriers are hinders that affect the giving and receiving of information between nurses and patients.Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of nurses on perceived communication barriers.Methods: An exploratory study design was employed using a qualitative approach. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 15 nurses who were interviewed both in focused group discussion and in-depth interview using an unstructured interview guide. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Perceived communication barriers were explored and the analysis was made using deductive approach thematic analysis. Perceived communication barriers were categorized into five themes includes; socio-demographic related communication, common related communication, nurse related communication, patient-related communication, and environment-related communication barriers.Conclusion: Nurses, patients, and the environments are the main perceived communication barriers as indicated in both in-depth interviews and focused group discussion. Lack of medical facilities or access is the main barrier of the nurse to patient communication, which needs great attention of the stakeholders. To enhance communication with the patients; nurses and other stakeholders like the ministry of health, health bureaus, and hospital authorities need to recognize the communication barriers. Giving awareness on the communication barriers for the nurses helps to minimize the barriers and improve the nurses to patients' communication.