bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION BY THE BEP-TR METHOD OF THE EFFECT OF OBSTRUCTION ANGLE PARAMETER ON LIGHTING ENERGY PERFORMANCE AND DAYLIGHT SUPPLY
Authors: Sümengen Özlem , Özömer Melike 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Following the EN 15193, 2008 Energy Performance in Buildings Regulation in the European Union Member States, a comprehensive calculation can be made on lighting energy performance and daylight effect. This improved model accounts for Turkey’s “BEP-TR” (“Regulation on Energy Performance in Buildings”). In the present study, the effect of the obstruction angle parameter of buildings on lighting energy consumption and daylight provided is examined through a sample hotel project by the BEP-TR calculation method. This study investigates the effect of daylight on lighting energy performance alternatives that were produced according to the height, building distance variations (causing obstruction angle), and the correlation between annual lighting consumption values, daylight supply factor, and obstruction parameters. Accordingly, the current study aims to develop a method to assist zoning regulations, building intervals, and height decisions by determining specific ratios between obstruction parameters, daylight supply factor and lighting energy consumption values. Results of this study clearly show that obstruction parameter variables affect both the daylight supply factor and annual lighting energy significantly.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN THE JORDANIAN CONTEXT: INFLUENCE ON OCCUPANTS’ SATISFACTION
Authors: Ali Hikmat H. , Alazzeh Sally A. , Sharif Ahlam A. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
The applicability of building rating systems has gained attention for achieving indoor environmental quality. Considering the wider internationalized recognition of LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and other rating systems, the case of Jordan provides a sense of particularity in consideration to its rather recent history in acknowledging these progressive standards. Utilizing a mixed approach based on paired comparisons between local LEED and non-LEED certified buildings, this research paper explores the level of satisfaction pertaining to Indoor Environmental Quality of building occupants. While it touches on the generality of such satisfaction, it proceeds to unpack and investigate how it resonates with the sustainability of the building measured through various means. The research outcomes reflected an overall appeal of LEED certified buildings and a decent level of comfort of their dwellers. Yet, it conveyed a vague, rather sporadic relation when comparing the subjective perception to the objective measures due to multiple potential reasons. The paper concludes by stressing the need for further appropriation of international environmental codes to better suit the local context. It lays a reliable foundation for further research, utilizing more case studies and exploring the applicability of rating systems in Jordan.
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS FOR CAMPUS OUTDOOR SPACE: A MICROCLIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSITY (EMU) CAMPUS
Authors: Fuladlu Kamyar 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Open spaces—whether public, urban, or part of a campus—offer a variety of activities and opportunities to people. Therefore, open spaces should be considered a vital component of any built-up area and designed to meet the needs and address the comfort of potential users. Because of their presence in daily life and their preponderance of characteristics, open spaces have drawn the attention of many researchers, designers, and planners with varying perspectives. The current study takes a scientific approach to analyzing the environmental parameters of the Campus Outdoor Space (COS) in the case of the Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU). An extensive literature review supported the identification of seven important environmental parameters effective in the microscale analysis of a COS: geographical location, meteorological situation, urban form, surface materials, amount of vegetation and watershed, and anthropogenic pollution. Analysis of the environmental parameters called for a hybrid method that included a detailed field survey and the following set of simulations: sun-path, radiation, sky view factor, and turbulence analysis. The accuracy of the field survey directly contributed to the effectiveness of the simulations. Grasshopper® 3D software and Computational Fluid Dynamics were used to simulate the conditions of the EMU study area. The outcomes show that the spatial organization, building forms, and building orientation negatively affect the COS of EMU. In the Mediterranean climatic region of EMU, shade and flowing breezes greatly enhance comfort and usability of outdoor spaces from April to October. The massive form of buildings and minimal planning for effective building orientation to the sun increased heat storage capacity and neglected prevailing winds, resulting in flow separation and formation of eddies on the leeward side of buildings. These negatively influenced the microclimate, and thereby user comfort, at the core of the EMU’s main COS.
ENHANCING THE DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN DENSE URBAN TROPICS
Authors: Jayaweera Nadeeka , Rajapaksha Upendra , Manthilake Inoka 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines the daylight and energy performance of 27 external shading scenarios in a high-rise residential building in the urban tropics. The cooling energy, daytime lighting energy and the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) of the building model were simulated in Rhino3D and Grasshopper simulation software. The best performance scenario (vertical and horizontal shading on the twentieth floor, horizontal shading only for the eleventh floor and no shading for the second floor) satisfied 75 sDA(300lx|50) with corresponding annual enery performance of 16%–20% in the cardinal directions. The baseline scenario, which is the current practice of providing balconies on all floors, reduced daylight to less than 75 sDA on the eleventh and second floor, even though it had higher annual enery performance (19%–24%) than the best performance scenario. Application of the design principles to a case study indicated that 58% of the spaces had over 75 sDA for both Baseline and Best performance scenarios, while an increase in enery performance of 1%–3% was found in the Best performance scenario compared to the Baseline.
Parcours de l’humanisme : Introduction
Authors: Caby Cécile , Revest Clémence 
Published: September 2021

L’histoire de l’humanisme à la Renaissance est celle d’une circulation culturelle internationale qui voit le mouvement des « études en humanités », né dans l’Italie du centre-nord au tournant du xve siècle, s’imposer comme un modèle dominant auprès d’une large part des élites occidentales au cours des deux siècles suivants. Si les échanges de lettres et de livres ont assurément été un vecteur essentiel de déploiement, il convient aussi de lire ce phénomène à la lumière de la mobilité, surtout professionnelle, des lettrés qui ont adhéré à ces pratiques savantes, en faisant dialoguer histoire intellectuelle et histoire sociale. Ce dossier est ainsi l’occasion de mettre au jour ces dynamiques socioculturelles mêlées, à travers des enquêtes autour de certaines trajectoires d’humanistes ou de certains pôles d’attraction (villes, cours, chancelleries, universités) et réseaux socio-savants, dans une perspective chronologique large (xve-xviie siècle), et d’interroger les modèles de « diffusion » de l’humanisme.
L’humanisme à Lucques (vers 1450-1550) : un mouvement à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Savigni Raffaele 
Published: September 2021

L’article analyse l’activité de quelques humanistes de Lucques ou arrivés à Lucques entre le milieu du xve et le milieu du xvie siècle. Il examine en particulier les discours publics de Gian Pietro d’Avenza, de Giovanni Bartolomeo Carminati, de Niccolò Tegrimi ou d’autres discours anonymes conservés dans quelques manuscrits. Sont ainsi reconstruits le rôle central joué par Tegrimi et les maîtres appelés à enseigner les lettres grecques et latines à Lucques (Gian Pietro d’Avenza, Giovanni Bartolomeo Carminati, Aonio Paleario) mais aussi le réseau des relations culturelles reliant Lucques à d’autres villes italiennes et au royaume d’Angleterre, à partir des années 1440.
O ESTADO-AVALIADOR E SUAS INFLUÊNCIAS NAS POLÍTICAS DE PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Trevisan Amarildo Luiz , Dias Evandro Dotto , Ferrão Iara da Silva 
Published: September 2021

O Estado, na visão de Agamben, atualmente é considerado um órgão sistematizado e estruturado em um arcabouço de poder biopolítico, respondendo às nuances do mercado capitalizado, no qual se preconiza a instrumentalidade de um padrão de conhecimento competitivo e utilitário. Nesse sentido, deslocado da imprescindível relação com a formação cultural de cada nação e suas nuances sociais originárias. As humanidades podem contribuir com esse debate, perguntando pelas finalidades e horizontes que se pretende atingir com essa luta.Se este é um modelo único e intransponível de avaliação, ou se é possível pensar outras metas para evitar a barbárie social e competitiva entre pesquisadores, programas de pós-graduação e universidades? Além disso, qual significado das pesquisas e ideias imersas nesse contexto, sobre quem realmente vence no sistema avaliativo-econômico e o preço para os que se adaptam aos seus interesses. A partir da ideia de formação cultural e da reflexão sobre a relação de reconhecimento do outro a liberdade acadêmica pode buscar significado na relação crítico-social e colaborativa. Nesse contexto, busca suas relações e verdades e não a determinação reificada nas relações de exercício profissional e produção do conhecimento.
Can the nutritional condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients influence the dyspnea severity and quality of life?
Authors: Ruby Dina 
Published: September 2021

Background and objective
Nutritional impairment is a frequent issue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has a negative effect on both morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the nutritional condition of stable COPD patients and to investigate their influence on dyspnea severity and quality of life (QoL).

Patients and methods
This case–control study was done on 100 stable COPD patients greater than or equal to 65 years old and 80 healthy controls who visited the outpatient clinic of El Demerdash Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019. All patients underwent spirometry and finished the Arabic version short form of the ‘mininutritional assessment’ test. Their dyspnea severity and QoL were also assessed.

Results
The patients were divided into three groups according to short form of the ‘mininutritional assessment’ test results: well-nourished (n=24, 24%), at risk of malnutrition (n=31, 31%), and malnourished (n=45, 45%). About 90.6% of malnourished patients had dyspnea grade 4; their mean score of COPD assessment test was 36 and they also had the lowest values of spirometric parameters.

Conclusion
About 45% of stable COPD patients were malnourished; they had a high sensation of dyspnea (higher modified Medical Research Council dyspnea grade) and poorer QoL (high COPD assessment test score).
Detection of hidden fungal infection in different respiratory diseases
Authors: Abdelaal Gehan A. , Khalil Fatma O. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Fungal infections of the respiratory system are down estimated, and the correct burden is unknown [1]. Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates of >50% [2].

Aim of the work
To reveal hidden fungal infection associated with different respiratory diseases. Patients and methods Different sample (sputum, BAL, tissue biopsy, and endotracheal aspirate) were taken from 40 patients with different respiratory diseases and clturured on media for fungal culture and sensitivity.

Results
Fungal colonization is present in 29 (72.5%) cases with different pulmonary diseases with nonspecific symptoms or radiology except with halo sign with higher incidence in COPD, lung abscess and blood malignancies. It has nonsignificant relation to age, sex and sample type. It is associated with neutrophilia, lymphopenia with nonsignificant relation to CRP. Neutrophilic lymphocytic ratio has sensitivity 79.3 and specifity 63.6 in detection of fungal infection.

Conclusion
hidden noninvasive fungal colonization is present in different respiratory diseases with affection on morbidity and mortality.
Poor performance of the utility of the serological diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria
Authors: Sanmi Emiade , Adeiza Mukhtar A. , Ahmad Abdurrahman E. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common form of tuberculosis. In Nigeria, PTB is diagnosed by sputum smear microscopy. The problems associated with the diagnosis of PTB using sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli and culture has provided an urgent need to assess the utility of serological tools as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in presumptive PTB cases. This study is aimed at testing the diagnostic utility of a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) serological assay in the diagnosis of PTB.

Patients and methods
A utility study was conducted on 184 participants of which 92 were smear-positive PTB cases and 92 were healthy controls at the TB and Leprosy Centre and Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Data were collected on age and sex, and both PTB patients and controls were screened for anti-TB IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 35, and the male-female ratio was 1 : 4. Twenty-one (5.7%) of the PTB patients tested positive for IgG antibodies, and 11 (1.3%) of the controls were positive. The sensitivity of the IgG antibody assay was 18.4%, with the specificity being 92.3%, while the predictive values were 70.8 and 53.1% for positive and negative results, respectively.

Conclusion
The IgG antibody assay is poorly sensitive; serology may not have a role in the diagnosis of PTB in resource-limited settings, but the much higher specificity suggests that it may be useful as an adjunctive diagnostic tool, or for monitoring of patients on treatment for PTB.
Pediatric asthma
Authors: Refat Nezar , Abdel-Hady Abdelgahny Elham , Bahaa Mohammed , El-Fatah Rasha Abd El-Raof Abd 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic airway disease that is common in childhood. Childhood asthma is commonly related to other atopic diseases. The potential correlation of allergic sensitization and asthma in children has been contributed to the allergic model of the March.

Aim
The study aims to estimate the age of onset of asthma in children in Minia governorate, in middle Egypt, and also to see the presenting features of bronchial asthma in our locality and compare this with what is present in different parts of the world.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out in the Pediatric and Chest Departments of Minia University hospitals. The study included 100 children with a clear diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Detailed medical history concerned mainly with the respiratory events were recorded between birth and the time of study enrollment. This also included some asthma family history or other allergic disorders (allergic rhinitis, eczema, and allergic conjunctivitis).

Results
In most cases, asthma symptoms started less than 1 year of age (64% of the studied group). Asthma symptoms started between the age of 1.1 and 2 years in 16% of patients and above 6 years of age in only 12% of cases. Overall, 40% of the studied group had a positive family history of bronchial asthma in their mothers and 44% of them had a positive family history of bronchial asthma in their fathers. Only 10% of the studied group had a positive family history of bronchial asthma of both parents.

Conclusion
A great portion of asthmatic children fulfill the criteria of bronchial asthma diagnosis in the first year of their life. Only a small portion of asthmatic children start their asthma after the age of 6 years.
Assessment of different positive airway pressure noninvasive ventilation modalities in patients with overlap syndrome
Authors: Elhabashy Mahmoud M. , Agha Mohammed A. , El-Esdody Ahmed A. , El-Shamy Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Overlap syndrome (OS) is a challenging condition with an associated increased mortality. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is the main therapy in OS. Tri-level positive airway pressure (Tri-PAP) therapy is a new method of ventilatory support that was proposed to improve breathing during the cyclic breathing phases and correct the hypercapnia.

Objectives
To assess different noninvasive modalities of positive airway pressure including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP), and Tri-PAP in the management of OS.

Patients and methods
This prospective interventional clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients with OS. After confirming the diagnosis of OS, patients were classified into three comparable groups, and in each group, we used one of the following three modalities of noninvasive ventilation: Tri-PAP, Bi-PAP, and CPAP. Arterial blood gas (ABG) was done after the use of the PAP. Data of sleep reports were recorded on each night and then analyzed.

Results
Patients were divided into three equal numbers and comparable groups in whom CPAP, Bi-PAP, and Tri-PAP were applied, correspondingly. Statistically significant improvement was observed regarding sleep parameters (apnea/hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and snoring index) and ABG parameters [pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (mmHg), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (mmHg), and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (%)] when Tri-PAP was compared with both Bi-PAP and CPAP.
Chestultrasonography versus computed tomography in the diagnosis of pleural effusion (Menoufia experience)
Authors: Drawish Amr A. , ElWahsh Rabab A. , Elgaml Hanan A. , Eldahdouh Samy S. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Pleural effusion is a common clinical problem and can arise from many diseases. Several imaging methods such as chest radiograph, ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT) scan are being used to diagnose and detect the etiology of pleural effusion.

Objective
The aim of this work was to compare imaging findings of chest US and CT and the role of chest US in diagnosis of pleural effusion.

Patients and methods
This observational prospective cohort study was done on 70 patients with pleural effusion of determined etiology admitted to the Chest Department, Menoufia University Hospital, in the period between August 2018 and June 2019. We compared between chest US and CT in different types of pleural effusion.

Results
This study showed that pleural septations were detected by US more than CT, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant statistical difference in detection of pleural thickening by US over CT (P<0.005). It showed a highly significant statistical difference in the detection of the site of pleural thickening and nodules by US, especially on diaphragmatic pleura (P<0.001). There was also a highly significant statistical difference in the detection of pleural nodules by US over CT (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the detection of parenchymal lesions by US and CT, where US could see collapse more than CT (P<0.05), but CT detected consolidation patches more than US.

Conclusion
Chest US finding has higher diagnostic accuracy than chest CT finding in the diagnosis of pleural effusion and more sensitive in detection of pleural septations, diaphragmatic pleural nodules, and thickening.
Frailty can predict the outcome of weaning from mechanical ventilation
Authors: Ali Safaa H. , Ezzelregal Hieba G. 
Published: September 2021

Context
Frailty is a syndrome characterized by the loss of physical and cognitive reserve causing many complications. The frail critically ill patients are vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes especially those on mechanical ventilation. Few studies have focused on the outcome of mechanical ventilation and frailty.

Aims
To determine the effect of frailty by the clinical frailty scale (CFS) on weaning outcome in mechanically ventilated patients and its effect on hospital stay and mortality.

Settings and design
A descriptive cohort study was conducted.

Patients and methods
Patients 50 years old or more who were admitted to the respiratory ICU of Ain Shams University Hospitals and mechanically ventilated in 17 months duration were included, with exclusion of patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary expected cause of poor weaning outcome. They were classified according to the CFS into frail and nonfrail and followed up along their total hospital stay.

Statistical analysis
Statistical Package for Social Sciences program software, version 18.0, was used for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 55 patients were recruited, where 61.8% of them were frail by CFS. Mechanically ventilated frail patients had significantly longer mechanical ventilation days (P=0.035), prolonged weaning time (>7 days) (P=0.006), significantly higher weaning failure (P=0.0001), and significantly longer ICU and total hospital stay (P=0.021 and 0.003, respectively) than nonfrail. Readmission rate and death rate were significantly higher in frail patients (P=0.020 and 0.007, respectively).

Conclusion
Frailty was associated with complicated weaning process, reflected on the period of ICU and total hospital stay.
The application of transthoracic ultrasound in the detection of lung bullae in lung volume reduction (new technique)
Authors: Rezk Nasef Abd-Elsalam , Radi Ahmed Abd-Elgawad , Batouty Nihal M. , Shehta Mohammed , Hadidy Tamer A.El , Morsy Nesreen E. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (LVR) is a promising and effective treatment option in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study was conducted at Mansoura University Hospitals aiming to assess diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic ultrasound (US) in detection of lung bullae in LVR.

Patients and methods
A total of 22 cases with emphysema were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: the study group included 12 cases who underwent US, whereas the control group included the remaining 10 cases that underwent computed tomography. All cases were subjected to history taking, examination, and routine investigations. Bronchoscopic LVR was performed for all cases.

Results
Postintervention complications such as fever and pain were statistically better in study group, whereas modified Medical Research Council and GOLD did not differ between the two groups before or after treatment. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding volumetry, oxygen saturation, 6 min walk test, and pulmonary functions. We found a significant improvement of GOLD classification, modified Medical Research Council, 6 min walk test, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and forced vital capacity in the study group. Moreover, a significant decrease of oxygen saturation in study group was detected. Volumetry showed a significant decrease in both groups when comparing preintervention and postintervention values.

Conclusion
Transthoracic US is valuable in detection of bullae during LVR, and ethanolamine oleate is safe and effective in LVR with minimal tolerable self-limited complications.