bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vortex‐Oriented Ferroelectric Domains in SnTe/PbTe Monolayer Lateral Heterostructures
Authors: Chang Kai , Villanova John W. D. , Ji Jing‐Rong , Das Souvik , Küster Felix , Barraza‐Lopez Salvador , Sessi Paolo , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterostructures formed from interfaces between materials with complementary properties often display unconventional physics. Of especial interest are heterostructures formed with ferroelectric materials. These are mostly formed by combining thin layers in vertical stacks. Here the first in situ molecular beam epitaxial growth and scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of atomically sharp lateral heterostructures between a ferroelectric SnTe monolayer and a paraelectric PbTe monolayer are reported. The bias voltage dependence of the apparent heights of SnTe and PbTe monolayers, which are closely related to the type‐II band alignment of the heterostructure, is investigated. Remarkably, it is discovered that the ferroelectric domains in the SnTe surrounding a PbTe core form either clockwise or counterclockwise vortex‐oriented quadrant configurations. In addition, when there is a finite angle between the polarization and the interface, the perpendicular component of the polarization always points from SnTe to PbTe. Supported by first‐principles calculation, the mechanism of vortex formation and preferred polarization direction is identified in the interaction between the polarization, the space charge, and the strain effect at the horizontal heterointerface. The studies bring the application of 2D group‐IV monochalcogenides on in‐plane ferroelectric heterostructures a step closer.
Light‐Induced Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect on the 2D Surfaces of 3D Topological Insulators
Authors: Xu Haowei , Zhou Jian , Li Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect generates quantized electric charge Hall conductance without external magnetic field. It requires both nontrivial band topology and time‐reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking. In most cases, one can break the TRS of time‐reversal invariant topological materials to yield QAH effect, which is essentially a topological phase transition. However, conventional topological phase transition induced by external field/stimulus usually needs a route along which the bandgap closes and reopens. Hence, the transition occurs only when the magnitude of field/stimulus is larger than a critical value. In this work the authors propose that using gapless systems, the transition can happen at an arbitrarily weak (but finite) external field strength. For such an unconventional topological phase transition, the bandgap closing is guaranteed by bulk‐edge correspondence and symmetries, while the bandgap reopening is induced by external fields. This concept is demonstrated on the 2D surface states of 3D topological insulators like Bi2Se3, which become 2D QAH insulators once a circularly polarized light is turned on, according to the Floquet time crystal theory. The sign of quantized Chern number can be controlled via the chirality of the light. This provides a convenient and dynamic approach to trigger topological phase transitions and create QAH insulators.
Adjusting the Coordination Environment of Mn Enhances Supercapacitor Performance of MnO2
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Zhao Rui , Hu Lingyuan , Yang Ru , Yao Shuyun , Wang Shiyu , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of transition metal oxides strongly depend on the coordination environment of metal atoms. Nevertheless, the relationship between the coordination environment of metal atoms and electrochemical performance of metal oxides is unclear, while the strategy of adjusting the coordination environment of metal atoms is rare. Herein, the engineering of the coordination environment of Mn atoms in manganese dioxides (MnO2) by using a triethanolamine (TEA) complex‐induced method is reported. The detailed experimental characterizations and density functional theory calculations show that the optimized Mn coordination environment with oxygen deficiency and more corner‐shared Mn–Mn shells results in apparent electron dislocation and forms an effective built‐in electrical field. As a result, the obtained MnO2‐TEA sample exhibits a high conductivity and an excellent ion diffusion capacity, with a remarkable specific capacitance of 417.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. At the power density of 450.0 W kg−1, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor delivers the maximal energy density (57.4 Wh kg−1). This work not only provides an effective strategy of adjusting the coordination environment of metal atoms in metal oxides, but also presents a deeper understanding of the electronic structure dependent electrochemical performance of electrode materials.
Diagnostic utility of point of care ultrasound in identifying cervical spine injury in emergency settings
Authors: VK Vishnu , Bhoi Sanjeev , Aggarwal Praveen , Murmu LR , Agrawal Deepak , Kumar Atin , Sinha Tej Prakash , Galwankar Sagar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe evaluation of cervical‐spine in a major trauma patient needs a bedside efficient tool to rule out cervical spine injury as the role of X‐ray and Computed Tomography (CT) in this setting is limited. Point of care ultrasonography (POCUS) is being used as an adjunct during trauma resuscitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of POCUS for identifying cervical spine injuries.MethodsWe recruited 84 cases with cervical spine injury based on CT scan after taking consent. POCUS was used as per the operational definition of study methods while maintaining manual in‐line stabilisation. Statistical analysis was done by using STATA version 14.ResultsNormal cervical anatomy was visible through anterior approach in POCUS except for the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae. The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS vs CT scan for vertebral body listhesis were 84.52% (95% CI of 0.65–0.95) and 89.66% (95% CI 0.78–0.96) with p‐value <0.0001. Sensitivity and specificity of POCUS vs CT for vertebral body fracture were 40.91% (95% CI of 0.20–0.63) and 96.77% (95% CI of 0.88–0.99) with p‐value <0.0001. The overall sensitivity and specificity of POCUS were 45.83% and 83.33% (p = 0.06) and excluding isolated posterior column injuries, sensitivity and specificity were 70.21% and 83.33% (p < 0.05).ConclusionPOCUS identified injuries such as fracture and listhesis. Because of high rate of missed injuries, ultrasound at present cannot be used as a screening or diagnostic tool for decision‐making in cervical spine injury.
Perfusion Imaging and Clinical Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Core
Authors: Seners Pierre , Oppenheim Catherine , Turc Guillaume , Albucher Jean‐François , Guenego Adrien , Raposo Nicolas , Christensen Soren , Calvière Lionel , Viguier Alain , Darcourt Jean , Januel Anne‐Christine , Mlynash Michael , Sommet Agnes , Thalamas Claire , Sibon Igor , Rousseau Vanessa , Tourdias Thomas , Menegon Patrice , Bonneville Fabrice , Mazighi Mikael , Charron Sylvain , Legrand Laurence , Cognard Christophe , Albers Gregory W. , Baron Jean‐Claude , Olivot Jean‐Marc ,   the FRAME investigators
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveMechanical thrombectomy (MT) is not recommended for acute stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and a large volume of irreversibly injured tissue (“core”). Perfusion imaging may identify a subset of patients with large core who benefit from MT.MethodsWe compared two cohorts of LVO‐related patients with large core (>50 ml on diffusion‐weighted‐imaging or CT‐perfusion using RAPID), available perfusion imaging, and treated within 6 hours from onset by either MT + Best Medical Management (BMM) in one prospective study, or BMM alone in the pre‐MT era from a prospective registry. Primary outcome was 90‐day modified Rankin Scale ≤2. We searched for an interaction between treatment group and amount of penumbra as estimated by the mismatch ratio (MMRatio = critical hypoperfusion/core volume).ResultsOverall, 107 patients were included (56 MT + BMM and 51 BMM): Mean age was 68 ± 15 years, median core volume 99 ml (IQR: 72–131) and MMRatio 1.4 (IQR: 1.0–1.9). Baseline clinical and radiological variables were similar between the two groups, except for a higher intravenous thrombolysis rate in the BMM group. The MMRatio strongly modified the clinical outcome following MT (pinteraction < 0.001 for continuous MMRatio); MT was associated with a higher rate of good outcome in patients with, but not in those without, MMRatio>1.2 (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 6.8 [1.7–27.0] vs 0.7 [0.1–6.2], respectively). Similar findings were present for MMRatio ≥1.8 in the subgroup with core ≥70 ml. Parenchymal hemorrhage on follow‐up imaging was more frequent in the MT + BMM group regardless of the MMRatio.InterpretationPerfusion imaging may help select which patients with large core should be considered for MT. Randomized studies are warranted. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:417–427
Implementing an applied verbal behavior model in classrooms
Authors: Shillingsburg M. Alice , Frampton Sarah E. , Juban Brittany , Weddle Sarah A. , Silva Meghan R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractApplied verbal behavior (AVB) is an intervention approach grounded in Skinner's (1957) analysis of verbal behavior. Common components of the AVB approach have been established as evidence‐based, indicating the approach should be progressed into the manualization and implementation phase of research. In the present study, we used an intervention package consisting of computer‐based training, performance and competency‐based training, and in vivo training to promote the use of AVB procedures in 26 classrooms in a nonpublic school serving students with autism. We evaluated the effects of this intervention package on the performance of teacher level staff via a controlled consecutive case series design, nonconcurrent multiple probe design, and aggregate data analysis using inferential statistics. Results showed that staff members demonstrated high levels of fidelity with AVB procedures when working directly with students. Measures of student behavior showed significantly increased engagement with staff members, reduced interfering behavior, and increased rates of manding. These findings have implications for the dissemination of AVB in educational settings.
A nanohybrid system based on covalently functionalized graphene quantum dots with dithienopyrrole derivative for the sensitive and selective fluorometric detection of Pb2+ ions
Authors: Sebastian Deepa , Soman Sithara , R Kala 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecently graphene quantum dot (GQD) based nanohybrid materials have received much attention. Herein, a highly fluorescent biocompatible GQD and N‐functionalized dithienopyrrole (DTP‐PPD) modified nanohybrid system was fabricated (DTP‐PPD‐fn‐GQD) for the first time. Modification resulted in stable fluorescence with a quantum yield of approximately 22% and 36 nm redshift compared to unmodified GQD. The apparent bandgap tuning along with fluorescence property changes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional theory studies. This water‐soluble system was then applied for the sensitive and selective detection of Pb2+ ions. As a result of a specific interaction towards Pb2+ ions, the fluorescence intensity was quenched. The detection limit is found to be 1.02 nM within the linear range of 3 to 30 nM. Finally, the feasibility of the developed probe was tested with real samples of water. Chemically modified GQDs are already widely exploited for Pb2+ sensing, whereas GQD/thiophene‐based nanohybrid systems are less utilized. This newly developed nanohybrid of GQD (DTP‐PPD‐fn‐GQD) has excellent fluorescence properties and bandgap tunability. Moreover, effective fluorometric sensing of Pb2+ ions in an aqueous medium is well investigated. This gives more insight into developing GQD‐based highly promising nanohybrid colorimetric as well as fluorescent sensors.
Exploring the nexus between business activity and development aid in favor of the development agenda
Authors: López‐Duarte Cristina , Vidal‐Suárez Marta M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article explores the connections between business activity and development aid that can help achieve the sustainable development goals placed by the United Nations (UN) in its development agenda. The article relies on an exhaustive review of the recent literature on development aid in the context of the European Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Connections exist between private firms' activity and both private and official aid, as firms can engage in business philanthropy, impact migrants' remittances, act as suppliers for bilateral or multilateral financially supported projects and participate in cross sector partnerships that involve agents from different societal sectors.
Does organisational capital influence environmental strategies? Evidence from environmental innovation
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Bahadar Stephen , Zaman Rashid , Farooq Muhammad Bilal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a result of increasing consumer awareness and stakeholder demands about environmental management, firms face stricter challenges surrounding the impact of business operations on the environment. In this regards, environmental innovation is one of the important ways of acting in harmony with the environment. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of organisational capital on environmental innovation measured as the process innovation and product innovation. Using environmental innovation data from ASSET4 for the US listed firms between 2002 and 2018, our empirical results reveal a significant positive association between organisational capital and both the process innovation and product innovation. Furthermore, the relationship is stronger in high‐profitability and sensitive industries subsamples. These results are robust to additional control variables and endogeneity tests. This study, while endorsing the resource‐based view (RBV), provides important implications for the top management teams that organisational capital could be an important channel through which managers can boost environmental innovation.
Budesonide repairs decreased barrier integrity of eosinophilic nasal polyp epithelial cells caused by PM2.5
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Xian Mu , Wang Yang , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic chronic rhinitis with nasal polyps (eos‐CRSwNP) is a subtype of nasal polyps (NPs) characterized by severe type‐2 inflammation and defective epithelial barrier function. The epithelial barrier plays important roles in the pathogenesis of NPs and type‐2 inflammation. Particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are fine particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm, containing a mixture of different components. Here, we investigated the impact of PM2.5 on the barrier function of the eos‐CRSwNP epithelium and explored the reparative function of budesonide.MethodsSamples from noninflammatory nasal mucosa and eos‐CRSwNP were collected to establish an in vitro air–liquid interface cultured model. The cells were exposed to PM2.5 at 50 or 100 µg/ml intermittently for 72 h, with or without budesonide pretreatment. Barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression were reflected by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER), paracellular flux permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled 4‐kDa dextran, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining of TJ proteins. Cytokine expression was measured by qPCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or Luminex.ResultsPM2.5 increased paracellular flux and downregulated TJ protein expression (zona occuldens‐1, occludin, and claudin‐1), but did not change TER. These changes could be partially restored by budesonide treatment. Interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐10, IL‐1α, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 concentrations were significantly increased in the culture medium of cells exposed to PM2.5, and budesonide significantly reduced the changes in IL‐8, IL‐1α, and TIMP‐1.ConclusionPM2.5 impaired the barrier function of eos‐CRSwNP epithelial cells and increased the permeability of large molecules. PM2.5 also increased the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by nasal epithelial cells. Budesonide could partially repair the damage, suggesting potential applications in clinical practice.
Dynamic trends in skin barrier function from birth to age 6 months and infantile atopic dermatitis: A Chinese prospective cohort study
Authors: Ye Ying , Zhao Piaoping , Dou Limin , Zhang Yi , Ken Kaku , Gu Hongjian , Dou Yalan , Gao Wei , He Lingfeng , Chen Xiaotian , Huang Xiangyuan , Zhang Lei , Li Yun , Wang Liuhui , Yan Weili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin barrier functions develop after birth and may be related to skin disorders in infants. We aimed to assess associations between dynamic trends of four skin barrier functional parameters in early life with infant atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsBased on the prospective cohort MKNFOAD (NCT02889081), we examined transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), skin pH, and sebum content at five anatomical sites (cheek, forehead, forearm, abdomen, and lower leg) in 418 term infants at birth, 42 days, and 6 months. Trend differences by sex and association with AD at age 1 year were tested using variance analyses. Associations of the parameters with AD risk were tested using discrete time survival analysis, adjusting extensive covariates including parental history of allergy, infant’s sex, birth weight (kg), and delivery mode. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were reported.ResultsOverall TEWL and SCH appeared trends of increase while skin surface pH and sebum content showed trends of decrease within the first six postnatal months. Sex differences were significant for sebum content only (p < 0.001). After adjustment for parental and children covariates, cheek TEWL at birth (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.00–1.57, p = 0.045) and 42 days (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.17–1.97, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with increased AD risk. Associations were not observed between SCH, skin pH, and sebum content at birth or 42 days with AD.ConclusionsSkin barrier functions of Chinese term infants varied nonlinearly after birth. Higher postnatal TEWL levels in early life indicate higher risk of early‐onset AD.
CO2 Chemisorption Behavior of Coordination‐Derived Phenolate Sorbents
Authors: Suo Xian , Yang Zhenzhen , Fu Yuqing , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Chen Hao , Luo Huimin , Jiang De‐en , Mahurin Shannon M. , Xing Huabin , Dai Sheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Sheng Dai at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The image shows the CO2 chemisorption behavior of coordination‐derived phenolate sorbents. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100666.
The use of RNA‐based 5'‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 biomarkers in dried blood spots to detect recombinant human erythropoietin microdoses
Authors: Loria Francesco , Cox Holly D. , Voss Sven C. , Rocca Angela , Miller Geoffrey D. , Townsend Nathan , Georgakopoulos Costas , Eichner Daniel , Kuuranne Tiia , Leuenberger Nicolas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is used for indirect detection of blood manipulations; however, the use of this method to detect doping, such as with microdoses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), is problematic. For this reason, the sensitivity of ABP must be enhanced by implementing novel biomarkers. Here, we show that 5'‐aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2) mRNAs are useful transcriptomic biomarkers to improve the indirect detection of rhEPO microdosing. Moreover, the sensitivity was sufficient to distinguish rhEPO administration from exposure to hypoxic conditions. Levels of mRNAs encoding carbonate anhydrase 1 (CA1) and solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1) RNA, as well as the linear (L) and linear + circular (LC) forms of ALAS2 mRNA, were monitored for 16 days after rhEPO microdosing and during exposure to hypoxic conditions. ALAS2 mRNAs increased by 300% compared with the baseline values after rhEPO microdosing. Moreover, ALAS2 mRNAs were not significantly increased under hypoxic conditions. By contrast, CA1 mRNA was increased after both rhEPO microdosing and hypoxia, whereas SLC4A1 mRNA did not significantly increase under either condition. Furthermore, the analyses described here were performed using dried blood spots (DBSs), which provide advantages in terms of the sample collection, transport, and storage logistics. This study demonstrates that ALAS2 mRNA levels are sensitive and specific transcriptomic biomarkers for the detection of rhEPO microdosing using the hematological module of the ABP, and this method is compatible with the use of DBSs for anti‐doping analyses.
Permafrost condition determines plant community composition and community‐level foliar functional traits in a boreal peatland
Authors: Standen Katherine M. , Baltzer Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBoreal peatlands are critical ecosystems globally because they house 30%–40% of terrestrial carbon (C), much of which is stored in permafrost soil vulnerable to climate warming‐induced thaw. Permafrost thaw leads to thickening of the active (seasonally thawed) layer and alters nutrient and light availability. These physical changes may influence community‐level plant functional traits through intraspecific trait variation and/or species turnover. As permafrost thaw is expected to cause an efflux of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the soil to the atmosphere, it is important to understand thaw‐induced changes in plant community productivity to evaluate whether these changes may offset some of the anticipated increases in C emissions. To this end, we collected vascular plant community composition and foliar functional trait data along gradients in aboveground tree biomass and active layer thickness (ALT) in a rapidly thawing boreal peatland, with the expectation that changes in above‐ and belowground conditions are indicative of altered resource availability. We aimed to determine whether community‐level traits vary across these gradients, and whether these changes are dominated by intraspecific trait variation, species turnover, or both. Our results highlight that variability in community‐level traits was largely attributable to species turnover and that both community composition and traits were predominantly driven by ALT. Specifically, thicker active layers associated with permafrost‐free peatlands (i.e., bogs and fens) shifted community composition from slower‐growing evergreen shrubs to faster‐growing graminoids and forbs with a corresponding shift toward more productive trait values. The results from this rapidly thawing peatland suggest that continued warming‐induced permafrost thaw and thermokarst development alter plant community composition and community‐level traits and thus ecosystem productivity. Increased productivity may help to mitigate anticipated CO2 efflux from thawing permafrost, at least in the short term, though this response may be swamped by increase CH4 release.