bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Predominantly Antibody Deficiency
Authors: Reda Shereen M , Ramzy Mourad A , Waheed El-din Hebat_Allah MM , Radwan Nesrine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) has been used as an antibody replacement therapy in primary immunodeficiency (PID) for more than 50 years. Most routinely, IVIG is used in patients with predominantly antibody deficiency such as: X-linked Agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency and combined immunodeficiency such as: severe combined immunodeficiency.

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of regular IVIG therapy among patients with predominantly antibody deficiency in terms of frequency of infection and adverse effects.

Methods
Thirty patients diagnosed with predominantly antibody deficiency were recruited from the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. These patients were followed up for one year in order to evaluate the frequency of infection and and adverse reactions of regular monthly IVIG therapy. The adequacy of IVIG dose was evaluated by the trough level of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Results
Of the 30 patients, 21 (70%) were males and 9 (30%) were females. They had a median age of 87 months (range:15-294). Their median age at presentation and at diagnosis were 36 months (range :3-168) and 87 months (range:15-204) respectively. The mean ± SD of serum IgG before commencement of IVIG and after were 265.10 ± 108.39mg/dl and 572.04 ± 186.72 respectively. The rate of major infection dropped after starting replacement therapy with a median of 2 (1-2) before and 0 (0-1) after treatment. In spite of the reduction in the rate of pneumonia occurrence in patients with IgG trough level &gt;500 mg/dl, it had no statistical significance. This could be attributable to small sample size. One patient developed anaphylaxis and was shifted to another brand.

Conclusion
IVIG is a safe and effective drug for patients with predominantly antibody deficiency. Compliance, adherence to therapy and appropriate dosage is needed to achieve better infection control.
Reliability of Plasma Von Willebrand Factor Antigen in Prediction of Oesophageal Varices in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Portal Hypertension
Authors: Eldin Lerine B , Abd Elaziz Asmaa W , Ragab Dina A , Abdelhady Karim A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Ruptured oesophageal varices (OVs) is a major cause of mortality in Portal hypertension (PHT) patients, It has been a great issue of interest and research to screen and early detect OVs via oesophageal varices non-invasive methods.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of measuring plasma von willibrand factor antigen (VWF-Ag) for prediction of the occurrence of oesophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension.

Subjects & Methods
This was a prospective cross-sectional study, done on 47 children with portal hypertension. The children were recruited from Pediatrics Hepatology clinic, Ain Shams University.
Patient’s data was collected including age, sex, etiology and duration of PHT, along with medical treatment. Also an upper GIT endoscope, abdominal doppler ultrasound, and laboratory tests including measuring of plasma VWF-Ag were done to each patient. Then the children were divided based on their endoscopic findings into two groups; variceal group which included 37 patients, and a nonvariceal group which included 10 patients Results:
The results of our study revealed an elevated plasma VWF-Ag in patients with oesophageal varices, whilst normal levels of plasma VWF-Ag in the non-variceal patients. In addition, there was a direct positive correlation between increased plasma VWF-Ag and the degree of oesophageal varices.

Conclusion
Since the plasma VWF-Ag level correlates with the presence and degree of OVs, it can be used as a noninvasive indicator of the presence and degree of OVs, However, further studies using larger sample might be needed to support this.
Influence of physical limitation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Hossny Elham Mohammad , El-Hattab Amira Fouad , Raouf Batoul Mohamed Abdel , Hassan Mahmoud Ramadan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome measure in understanding the impact of chronic illness.

Aim of the Work
We saught to measure the amplitude of physical disability in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to HRQOL.

Patients and Methods
This analytical cross sectional study was conducted on children with JIA following up at the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University in the period from May 2018 to May 2019 The sample included 119 patients who were enrolled consecutively by using The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM Version 4.0 (PedsQLTM).

Results
Physical problem score showed negative correlation with age, age at onset (years) and disease duration (years). The older the child was and the longer the duration of the illness the more severe was his awareness of physicaical disability.

Conclusion
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis has a negative impact on physical abilities in child which influence their quality of life.
ASSOCIATION OF STAT6 GENE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM WITH FOOD ALLERGY
Authors: El-Sayed Zeinab Awad , Elhattab Amira Fouad , Alamin Mostafa Khaled 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Food allergy (FA) may be IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated or mixed. Genetic predispositions result in dysregulation of the immune system and lead to FA when exposed to environmental triggers. The transcription factor STAT6 is activated by IL-4 and IL-13 and activates cytokine signaling in immune and target tissue cells; contributing in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders including FA. The rs324015 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the STAT6 gene was previously associated with nut and cow’s milk allergy.

Objective
to investigate the association of the rs324015 STAT6 gene SNP with food allergy.

Patients and Methods
After ethical committee approval and informed consent from the patients, this retrospective case control study was conducted on 100 Egyptian children divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 50 children with positive history of FA supported by positive skin prick test +/- oral food challenge and group II consisted of 50 healthy age-matched controls. Blood samples were collected and genotyped using Taqman® Realtime PCR assays.

Results
We found that the homozygous G genotype and G allele of rs324015 were significantly higher among food allergic subjects than controls. We report no effect of any specific genotype on the phenotype of allergic disease or reacting to a specific food more than others. Genotypes were also not related to disease severity, eosinophil counts, total IgE levels or a family history of atopic disease.

Conclusion
rs324015 STAT6 gene SNP may be involved in the pathophysiology of food allergy.
Hair Zinc content and its relation to Serum Zinc level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy
Authors: El Rashidy Omnia Fathy , Maksoud Mariam Fathy Abdel , Zaitoun Raghda Mohamed Hesham , Hafez Nermine Farag Mohamed Abdel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
to measure the level of hair zinc, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of zinc, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of zinc measured as for the cases.

Results
The mean serum zinc was 1.13 (0.61 - 1.69) ug/ml for cases and 1.81 (0.75 - 3) ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of zinc was 116.58 ug/g with IQR of 74.97 - 176.58 for cases and 143.64 ug/g with IQR of 95.22 - 178.28 for controls. Serum zinc level was significantly lower in cases compared to controls, but the difference was not statistically significant for hair zinc. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of zinc and seizure characteristics.

Conclusion
Serum zinc levels are reduced in epileptic patients compared to healthy age and gender matched controls. Hair zinc levels do not seem to be affected in idiopathic epilepsy. Studies involving larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm these results.
Recurrent Abdominal Pain in School Age Children
Authors: Saber Ahmed Mohammed Hamdy , Ibrahim Ahmed Tohamy Ahmed , Mahdy Ola Adel Abdellah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Abdominal pain defined as any type of pain or discomfort that occurs in any area from the lower chest to the groin. Abdominal pain is symptom of a wide variety of mild to serious diseases, disorders, conditions. Abdominal pain can result from infection, malignancy, inflammation, obstruction and other abnormal processes.

Aim of the Work
To define the causes of recurrent abdominal pain among a sample of school age children.

Subjects and Methods
This cross sectional study was carried out to evaluate those children who presented to the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Children Hospital, Ain Shams University because of recurrent abdominal pain they were diagnosed in the pediatric Gastroenterology unit between June 2016 and July 2017. History taking included full analysis of abdominal pain, associated gastrointestinal symptoms and associated systemic manifestations. Examination included anthropometric measurements, general and local abdominal examination. Routine investigations included complete blood counts, urine analysis and culture, microscopic stool examination and pelviabdominal US. Other specific investigations were selected according to clinical manifestations to reach an organic cause. After reaching the definitive diagnosis, patients were classified into 2 groups organic causes and functional abdominal pain.

Results
During the study period, 100 children presented with recurrent abdominal pain. Results revealed that only 28% of the recurrent abdominal pain causes were attributed to organic factors; the most commonly encountered organic causes of recurrent abdominal pain were urinary tract infection (12%) while 72% of children presented with functional recurrent abdominal pain. The most common causes of function recurrent abdominal pain in our study was irritable bowel syndrome.

Conclusion
Most of the cases of RAP among school age children are due to functional abdominal pain (72%).
Study of the Outcome of Pediatric Patients with Aplastic Anemia treated with Immunosuppressive Therapy at Ain Shams University Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Mohamed W , Matboly S , Morcy N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Aplastic anemia (AA) is life threatening disorder in pediatric age group with an increasing incidence nowadays. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant being the 1st line therapy; immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is the alternative therapy and is the most commonly used modality of treatment especially in the developing countries.

Aim of the Work
to assess the outcome of IST in children with severe and very severe AA.

Patients and Methods
Data for 23 children treated with IST from January 201 0 to January 201 9 (10 years) were retrieved from clinic records. IST included rabbit anti thymocyte globulin (ATG) along with cyclosporine A and another group were treated by sandimmune alone.

Results
Patient characteristics included median age (9) with 73.9% male and 26.1% female. With median interval between diagnosis and start of IST 2(1 -5) months and around 30.4% with hepatitis A associated aplastic anemia. Complete response, and no response were seen in 4 (50%) patients and 4(50%) patients, respectively in patients received ATG and sandimune. While in patients received sandimune alone complete response, partial response and no response were seen in 7(46.7%) patients, 5 (33.3%) patients, and 3 (20%) patients respectively. The median time to best response in the whole cohort was 2 months. There was no difference in outcome related to severity of AA, or higher Hb or platelet level. There was a significantly better rate of response in both groups of patients with higher initial TLC count (p = 0.001) initial ANC (p = 0.002), initial ALC (p = 0.001), and initial ARC (p = 0.014) before start of IST. An overall response rate in both groups around of 43.47% reported a 5-year OS. With 45.5 of patients with complete response had HAAA. A delayed time to complete response with prolonged requirement of cyclosporine therapy was detected in the study.

Conclusion
In a developing country setting, IST with ATG and cyclosporine seems to be an alternative treatment for children with aplastic anemia lacking MRD.
Retinal microvascular analysis using Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Egyptian sickle cell disease patients
Authors: El Sherif Nayera H , Kenny Mahmoud A , Elhalfawy Waheed S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Sickle cell disease can affect retina of eye via vaso-occulsive changes that occur in micro-vessels of retina which could be analysed by using Fundus Fluorescein Angiography.

Aim
To analyze macular microvascular alternation in patients with SCD by Fundus
Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) and to assess the role of potentially contributory Clinico-pathological factors including Trans-Cranial Doppler, genotypes, hydroxyurea, transfusion therapy and finally iron overload state on the development of macular alterations.

Method
This was across-sectional study which included 30 Sickle cell disease patients randomly recruited from the Paediatric Haematology clinic, children Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Complete blood count (CBC), Trans-Cranial Doppler (TCD) and Fundus Fluorescein Angiography.

Results
In our study, there were 30 patients with mean age (14.1± 4.02), 5 patients had abnormal/conditional Trans-Cranial, 15 patients had Vaso-occlusive crises, 11 patients were on regular simple blood transfusion; all 30 studied sickle cell disease patients had normal Fundus Fluorescein Angiography and eye examination and only one patient hadabnormal visual acuity;A 29 years oldgirl who had five attacks of cerebral strokes last year, on regular simple blood transfusion and Hydroxyurea treatment with abnormal TCD and recurrent Vaso-occlusive crises in last two years, Although her vision is hand movement yet Fundus Fluorescein Angiography was normal.

Conclusion
we didn’t find any Retinal microvascular alternation in our studied SCD patients using Fundus Fluorescein Angiography, we related our results to the fact that our studied SCD patients were young and all our studied patients were on hydroxyurea therapy with fair compliance, further studies using large sample size are warranted in order to illustrate the utility of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA) as a tool for better detection of sickle retinopathy.
The Role of Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation in Minimizing Blood Loss Prior to Cesarean Hysterectomy Patients with Abnormally Invasive Placenta
Authors: Yousef Magdy Mohamed kamal , Rateb Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Ahmed Mohsen Hassan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) is a term that describes cases in which there is complete or partial failure of separation of the placenta from the uterine wall following delivery of the fetus.

Objective
to detect the role of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation in minimizing blood loss, prior to performing Cesarean Hysterectomy in cases with confirmed preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis of Abnormally invasive placenta.

Patients and Methods
The study was carried out at Ain shams university maternity hospital in 2019. Women were recruited from the labor ward who underwent CS Hysterectomy. The total number of pregnant women enrolled in the study was 95 women. Approval from the Medical Ethics Committee were obtained.

Results
Our study showed that internal iliac artery ligation in CS hysterectomy cases for AIP has non significant lower blood loss than cases who did not underwent internal iliac artery ligation. In stead, it had increased the operative time. In comparison of 45 patients underwent internal iliac artery ligation and 45 without ligation blood loss was non significantly lower in the group who underwent ligation with mean 1933 ml blood loss in comparison with 2117 ml in the group who did not.

Conclusion
Bilateral internal iliac artery ligation, in cases of AIP undergoing caesarean hysterectomy, is not recommended for routine practice to minimize blood loss intraoperatively.
Analysis of Cesarean section delivery in Ain Shams University hospital according to the Robson’s 10-group classification system
Authors: SALAMA MOHAMMED H , MOHAMMED AHMED M , NABHAN ASHRAF F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cesarean delivery is increasing worldwide in the last few years, unnecessary CS is a growing problem affecting both developed as well as developing countries. There is no benefits either to mother or neonate when the procedure is not medically indicated. The ideal rate of CS is considered between 10%-15%, beyond which there is no benefits for either mother or fetus. However recent studies showed a much higher rate of CS. WHO proposes that health care facilities use the Robson's 10 group classification system to monitor their CS rates. This classification helps to understand the internal structure of the CS rates at each health facilities, the indications in each group and formulate strategies to reduce these rates.

Objectives
the aim is to describe the frequency of CS delivery in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital by Robson classification. And to describe maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
The study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at labor ward of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital (a tertiary care center). All women delivered by CS during a period of six months were recruited and classified into 10-Robson's groups. The overall CS rate were calculated, and also the contribution of each groups to the overall CS rate.

Results
The highest contribution to the overall CS was by group five 38.98%, followed by group ten 34.20%. While group 9 was lowest frequency 0.50% of overall CS rates.

Conclusion
s: The use of Robson’s classification system allows to monitor the CS rates which helps to identify the main contributors for the increasing CS rates, also helps to identify the target groups that may benefit from implementations of interventions for reducing CS rates. Women with previous CS were an important determinant of overall CS rates, reducing primary CS rates, counselling for VBAC, encouraging versions when available, could reduce the CS rates.
Effect of Intravenous Dexamethasone on the Duration of Labor Induction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nour El-Din Hashad Ahmed M , Yehia Amr H , Mohammed Amany A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Induction of labor is one of the most common interventions practiced in modern obstetrics. In the developed World, the ability to induce labor has contributed to the reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Aim of the work
to establish whether Dexamethasone plays a role in shorting the duration interval between initiation of labor induction and beginning of true contraction of labor in post-term pregnancy, so shorting the duration of labor.

Patients and Methods
This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the labor ward of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital on one hundred thirty five pregnant women with full term pregnancy divided into the following: Group I (Dexamethasone group) injected with 2 ml (8 mg) of the product (dexamethasone) 4 hours before initiation of labor induction and Group II (Control group) received 2 ml saline (as a placebo).

Results
There was a non-significant statistical difference between the two studied groups as regards the age, gestational age on admission, body mass index (BMI), Bishop Score, mode of delivery and Apgar score. There was a high significant statistical difference between the two studied groups as regards Induction- delivery interval, induction-contraction, contraction – delivery interval were shorter in cases of study than control.

Conclusion
From the above data we can conclude that the intravenous administration of dexamethasone appear to shorten labor duration.
Efficacy of diathermy on healing power of cesarean section scar: A randomized control trail
Authors: Mehawed Amgad Mohamed Abdel Monem , Elsenity Mohamed Abd Elfattah , Labib Kareem Mohamed , NasrAdDeen Mohammed AbdElHameed M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Over several decades, has come to a dramatic increase In the number of cesarean sections performed across the world, especially in developed country The use of diathermy in the opening of anterior abdominal wall during CS decreases blood loss and operative time. The current study will investigate if diathermy cutting from skin through anterior abdominal is better or the same in cosmoses and post-operative pain

Objective
To compare the effects of electro-surgery on healing power of CS scar as a primary outcome (from skin to the peritoneum. A randomized controlled trial

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2019.

Data Extraction
If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

Conclusion
Our study showed that with the use of diathermy for incising skin during CS is not inferior to the use of scalpel regarding healing power of the scar but also adds benefits of decreasing post-operative pain. Therefore the use of diathermy can be safely recommended for the opening of the skin during cesarean sections as it decrease post-operative pain and blood loss.