bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s Oxygen Administration Strategies And Nutrition Trial (COAST-Nutrition): a protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kiguli Sarah , Olopot-Olupot Peter , Alaroker Florence , Engoru Charles , Opoka Robert O. , Tagoola Abner , Hamaluba Mainga , Mnjalla Hellen , Mpoya Ayub , Mogaka Christabel , Nalwanga Damalie , Nabawanuka Eva , Nokes James , Nyaigoti Charles , Briend André , van Woensel Job B. M. , Grieve Richard , Sadique Zia , Williams Thomas N. , Thomas Karen , Harrison David A. , Rowan Kathryn , Maitland Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

Background: To prevent poor long-term outcomes (deaths and readmissions) the integrated global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhoea recommends under the ‘Treat’ element of Protect, Prevent and Treat interventions the importance of continued feeding but gives no specific recommendations for nutritional support. Early nutritional support has been practiced in a wide variety of critically ill patients to provide vital cell substrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals essential for normal cell function and decreasing hypermetabolism. We hypothesise that the excess post-discharge mortality associated with pneumonia may relate to the catabolic response and muscle wasting induced by severe infection and inadequacy of the diet to aid recovery. We suggest that providing additional energy-rich, protein, fat and micronutrient ready-to-use therapeutic feeds (RUTF) to help meet additional nutritional requirements may improve outcome. Methods: COAST-Nutrition is an open, multicentre, Phase II randomised controlled trial in children aged 6 months to 12 years hospitalised with suspected severe pneumonia (and hypoxaemia, SpO2 <92%) to establish whether supplementary feeds with RUTF given in addition to usual diet for 56-days (experimental) improves outcomes at 90-days compared to usual diet alone (control). Primary endpoint is change in mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) at 90 days and/or as a composite with 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes include anthropometric status, mortality, readmission at days 28 and 180. The trial will be conducted in four sites in two countries (Uganda and Kenya) enrolling 840 children followed up to 180 days. Ancillary studies include cost-economic analysis, molecular characterisation of bacterial and viral pathogens, evaluation of putative biomarkers of pneumonia, assessment of muscle and fat mass and host genetic studies. Discussion: This study is the first step in providing an option for nutritional support following severe pneumonia and will help in the design of a large Phase III trial. Registration: ISRCTN10829073 (6th June 2018) PACTR202106635355751 (2nd June 2021)
TeenCovidLife: a resource to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in Scotland
Authors: Huggins Charlotte F , Fawns-Ritchie Chloe , Altschul Drew M , Campbell Archie , Nangle Clifford , Dawson Rebecca , Edwards Rachel , Flaig Robin , Hartley Louise , Levein Christie , McCartney Daniel L , Sinclair Stephanie L , Dolan Clare , Haughton Dawn , Mabelis Judith , Brown Judith , Inchley Jo , Smith Daniel J , Deary Ian J , Hayward Caroline , Marioni Riccardo E , McIntosh Andrew M , Sudlow Cathie , Porteous David J 
Published: October 2021

TeenCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife projects, a set of longitudinal observational studies designed to assess the psychosocial and health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. TeenCovidLife focused on how adolescents in Scotland were coping during the pandemic. As of September 2021, Generation Scotland had conducted three TeenCovidLife surveys. Participants from previous surveys were invited to participate in the next, meaning the age ranges shifted over time. TeenCovidLife Survey 1 consists of data from 5,543 young people age 12 to 17, collected from 22 May to 5 July 2020, during the first school closures period in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 2 consists of data from 2,245 young people aged 12 to 18, collected from 18 August to 14 October 2020, when the initial lockdown measures were beginning to ease, and schools reopened in Scotland. TeenCovidLife Survey 3 consists of data from 597 young people age 12 to 19, collected from 12 May to 27 June 2021, a year after the first survey, after the schools returned following the second lockdown in 2021. A total of 316 participants took part in all three surveys. TeenCovidLife collected data on general health and well-being, as well as topics specific to COVID-19, such as adherence to COVID-19 health guidance, feelings about school closures, and the impact of exam cancellations. Limited work has examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people. TeenCovidLife provides relevant and timely data to assess the impact of the pandemic on young people in Scotland. The dataset is available under authorised access from Generation Scotland; see the Generation Scotland website for more information.
How the Finnish compulsory school science curriculum emphasises scientific literacy
Authors: Lavonen Jari 
Published: October 2021

Soome põhikooli ülemise astme riiklikus õppekavas käsitletakse loodusaineid eraldi õppeainetena. Õppekava keskendub hoiakute kujundamisele, mis toetavad teaduslike teadmiste kasutamist erisugustes uurimuslikes olukordades ja kontekstides. Õppekava kohaselt on loodusainete õpetamise eesmärk anda õpilastele loodusteaduslik pädevus, mis võimaldab neil teaduslikele teadmistele tuginedes kirjeldada, selgitada ja prognoosida loodusnähtusi, märgata ja määratleda elukeskkonnas esinevaid probleeme ning tõlgendada andmeid ja tõendusmaterjale. Õppekavas pannakse suurt rõhku ülekantavate pädevuste omandamisele, näiteks kriitilise ja loova mõtlemisoskuse ning mitmekesiste töötamisviiside omandamisele. Õppekava keskendub ka omandatud teadmiste kasutamisele uurimistöös ning elulistes ja ühiskondlikes olukordades. Üldiselt püütakse loodusainete õpetamise peamise eesmärgi kirjeldamisel ühendada Robertsi esimest visiooni (kontseptuaalne lähenemine) teise visiooniga (kontekstipõhine lähenemine), millega saavutatakse loodusteadusliku kirjaoskuse areng.
Full text
Development of entrepreneurial literacy in upper secondary school with Junior Achievement tasks
Authors: Hiiemäe-Metsar Külli , Raudsaar Mervi , Uibu Krista 
Published: October 2021

Ettevõtluskirjaoskus hõlmab ettevõtluspädevust, mille arendamine suurendab võimalusi ühiskondliku, sotsiaalse, kultuurilise ja majandusliku heaolu kasvuks. Õpilaste ettevõtluspädevuse kujundamiseks õppetöös on arendatud teoreetiline raamistik European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp). Siinse uurimuse eesmärk oli välja selgitada, millist liiki ülesandeid kasutatakse gümnaasiumiastmes õpilaste ettevõtluspädevuse alapädevuste kujundamiseks. Kasutades kvantitatiivset sisuanalüüsi, analüüsiti gümnaasiumiastme ettevõtlusõppeks koostatud Junior Achievementi ülesandeid, toetudes EntreCompi raamistikule. Ülesanded liigitati individuaalseteks ja rühmatöö ülesanneteks. Ülesannete sagedusanalüüsist selgus, et individuaalsete ülesannetega saab arendada rohkem õpilaste finants- ja majanduskirjaoskust, eneseteadvust ja enesetõhusust. Rühmatöö ülesanded sobivad meeskonnatöö ja koostööoskuste kujundamiseks. Selliseid ettevõtluspädevuse alapädevusi nagu motivatsioon, loovus, riskijulgus ja ressursside kaasamine arendatakse Junior Achievementi ülesandekogu ülesannetega väga vähe. Ometi on ettevõtluspädevuse alapädevuste kujundamine oluline, et toetada tegelemist ettevõtlusega täiskasvanueas.
Summary
Estonian in-service teachers’, pre-service teachers’ and teacher educators’ research literacy
Authors: Malva Liina , Leijen Äli 
Published: October 2021

Õpetajate uurimistööalane kirjaoskus väljendub teaduspõhises praktikas, oma õpetamise ja õpilaste õppimise uurimises ning õpilaste uurimistööalaste teadmiste omandamise toetamises. Kasutades kombineeritud uurimismeetodit, oli siinse uuringu eesmärk selgitada välja, millised on Eesti õpetajakoolituse üliõpilaste ja õppejõudude ning õpetajate uurimistööalased teadmised ning kirjeldada, kuidas kasutavad õpetajad uurimistööalast kirjaoskust oma õpetamistöös. Tulemused näitavad, et kui õppejõududel on teiste valimirühmadega võrreldes paremad teadmised, siis õpetajate ja üliõpilaste uurimistööalased teadmised on pigem sarnased. Intervjuudest õpetajatega selgus, et igapäevases õpetamistöös rakendatakse uurimistööalaseid teadmisi eelkõige õpilastele uurimistööga seotud ülesannete koostamisel. Teaduspõhisele õpetamisele eelistatakse praktilisi koolitusi ja arutelusid kolleegidega ning enda õpetamist ja õpilaste õppimise uurimist intervjuudes osalenud õpetajad pigem ei rakenda. Tulemused näitavad, et uurimistööalase kirjaoskuse kujunemist tuleb rohkem toetada ning kõige enam toetust vajavad just töötavad õpetajad.
Summary
Regional Labor Market in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic: Analysis of Current Trends (on the Example of the Tyumen Region)
Authors: Gridneva B. 
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus pandemic, in which the entire world economy operates, has had a serious impact on all spheres of activity and in the national economy: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. Significant changes in the new conditions are observed in the regional labor markets. The decline in the turnover of enterprises in various sectors of the economy, the bankruptcy of the small business sector led to an increase in unemployment in the Tyumen region. At the same time, the active introduction of new technologies into business processes that provide a remote format of work has contributed to an increase in demand for specialists who support and service their use. In the labor market, the demand from enterprises for employees processing online orders, online purchases, delivering goods, etc. was steadily formed.
Based on the analysis of the dynamics of statistical indicators, their generalization and systematization, the article provides an overview of current trends in the labor market of the region.
SDP-Based Bounds for the Quadratic Cycle Cover Problem via Cutting-Plane Augmented Lagrangian Methods and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: de Meijer Frank , Sotirov Renata 
Published: October 2021

We study the quadratic cycle cover problem (QCCP), which aims to find a node-disjoint cycle cover in a directed graph with minimum interaction cost between successive arcs. We derive several semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations and use facial reduction to make these strictly feasible. We investigate a nontrivial relationship between the transformation matrix used in the reduction and the structure of the graph, which is exploited in an efficient algorithm that constructs this matrix for any instance of the problem. To solve our relaxations, we propose an algorithm that incorporates an augmented Lagrangian method into a cutting-plane framework by utilizing Dykstra’s projection algorithm. Our algorithm is suitable for solving SDP relaxations with a large number of cutting-planes. Computational results show that our SDP bounds and efficient cutting-plane algorithm outperform other QCCP bounding approaches from the literature. Finally, we provide several SDP-based upper bounding techniques, among which is a sequential Q-learning method that exploits a solution of our SDP relaxation within a reinforcement learning environment. Summary of Contribution: The quadratic cycle cover problem (QCCP) is the problem of finding a set of node-disjoint cycles covering all the nodes in a graph such that the total interaction cost between successive arcs is minimized. The QCCP has applications in many fields, among which are robotics, transportation, energy distribution networks, and automatic inspection. Besides this, the problem has a high theoretical relevance because of its close connection to the quadratic traveling salesman problem (QTSP). The QTSP has several applications, for example, in bioinformatics, and is considered to be among the most difficult combinatorial optimization problems nowadays. After removing the subtour elimination constraints, the QTSP boils down to the QCCP. Hence, an in-depth study of the QCCP also contributes to the construction of strong bounds for the QTSP. In this paper, we study the application of semidefinite programming (SDP) to obtain strong bounds for the QCCP. Our strongest SDP relaxation is very hard to solve by any SDP solver because of the large number of involved cutting-planes. Because of that, we propose a new approach in which an augmented Lagrangian method is incorporated into a cutting-plane framework by utilizing Dykstra’s projection algorithm. We emphasize an efficient implementation of the method and perform an extensive computational study. This study shows that our method is able to handle a large number of cuts and that the resulting bounds are currently the best QCCP bounds in the literature. We also introduce several upper bounding techniques, among which is a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that exploits our SDP relaxations.
Talking Behind Your Back: Communication and Team Cooperation
Authors: Abbink Klaus , Dong Lu , Huang Lingbo 
Published: October 2021

Communication is one of the most effective devices in promoting team cooperation. However, asymmetric communication sometimes breeds collusion and hurts team efficiency. Here, we present experimental evidence showing that excluding one member from team communication hurts team cooperation; the communicating partners collude in profit allocation against the excluded member, and the latter reacts by exerting less effort. Allowing the partners to reach out to the excluded member partially restores cooperation and fairness in profit allocation, but it does not stop the partners from talking behind that member’s back even when they could have talked publicly. The partners sometimes game the system by tricking the excluded member into contributing but then grabbing all profits for themselves. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
Public Health England (PHE) and Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) (FGDP(UK)) guidance notes for dental practitioners on the safe use of X-ray equipment 2020: an update for the dental team
Authors: Gribben Mark 
Published: October 2021

PHE and FGDP(UK) co-published Guidance Notes for Dental Practitioners on the Safe Use of X-ray Equipment in 2020 to encompass all relevant information to safely use and maintain radiographic equipment by dental practitioners. This guidance supersedes the first edition, previously published in 2001 by the Department of Health, and there are a number of notable changes that should be highlighted to the dental team. The document is freely available and accessible on the FGDP(UK) website and should be an essential tool to ensure the safety of the dental team, patients and the public. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Members of the dental team must acknowledge the updated guidance notes and look to incorporate these changes into their working routine to ensure good clinical practice.
An update on headaches for the dental team
Authors: Chana Pav , Renton Tara 
Published: October 2021

Pain is often the reason for which patients seek help from the dental team. Although dental pain is likely to be the most common cause, chronic pain conditions, such as headaches, may also show similar symptoms to toothache, resulting in mismanagement and a delay in diagnosis. Many patients experience headaches, which are often debilitating. Despite this, dentists have a lack of knowledge about both headaches and neurovascular pain. The dental team should be able to identify when the pain is likely to be of neurovascular origin rather than toothache, and the team should be able to provide advice and an appropriate referral, if necessary. This should help reduce unnecessary dental treatment and improve the pain relief to these patients.CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides information on how to initially manage neurovascular pain primary care.
Domiciliary dental care: considerations and challenges
Authors: Pal Anjan David , Farrar Abigale 
Published: October 2021

This article examines the planning that goes into successfully providing domiciliary dental care. It includes a comment on patient demand for this type of service, what dental treatment is appropriate to offer, and the impact of relevant legislation introduced over the past 15 years. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights some of the considerations that should be taken into account when providing dental care for patients outside the clinic environment when the need arises.
Specific case consideration for implanting TKA with the Kinematic Alignment technique
Authors: Rivière Charles , Jackson William , Villet Loïc , Sivaloganathan Sivan , Barziv Yaron , Vendittoli Pascal-André 
Published: October 2021

The Kinematic Alignment (KA) technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an alternative surgical technique aiming to resurface knee articular surfaces. The restricted KA (rKA) technique for TKA applies boundaries to the KA technique in order to avoid reproducing extreme constitutional limb/knee anatomies. The vast majority of TKA cases are straightforward and can be performed with KA in a standard (unrestricted) fashion. There are some specific situations where performing KA TKA may be more challenging (complex KA TKA cases) and surgical technique adaptations should be included. To secure good clinical outcomes, complex KA TKA cases must be preoperatively recognized, and planned accordingly. The proposed classification system describes six specific issues that must be considered when aiming for a KA TKA implantation. Specific recommendations for each situation type should improve the reliability of the prosthetic implantation to the benefit of the patient. The proposed classification system could contribute to the adoption of a common language within our orthopaedic community that would ease inter-surgeon communication and could benefit the teaching of the KA technique. This proposed classification system is not exhaustive and will certainly be improved over time. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:881-891. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210042
The Development of a GIS-Based Framework to Locate Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Collection Points for an Optimal Waste Conversion Facility
Authors: Patel Prashant , Vaezi Mahdi , Sebastian Roshni Mary , Kumar Amit 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsAn integrated GIS-based tool was developed for optimally locating bioenergy facilities.Waste and lignocellulosic biomass potential and distribution were assessed for Alberta.A case study for Alberta’s Industrial Heartland identified facility locations for two scenarios.Ten optimal locations were identified across Alberta for bioconversion of waste and biomass feeds.Abstract. Quantifying the availability of feedstock and determining an optimal location are key to ensuring the sustainability of a waste to value-added (W2VA) facility. This study aims to identify lignocellulosic biomass (agricultural and forest residues) and municipal solid waste (MSW) potential, find geographical point-source locations for the distributed biomass, and identify optimal locations for W2VA facilities across the province of Alberta, Canada, using an integrated geographic information system (GIS) based approach. MSW potential is estimated using population and average annual waste generation per capita, while agriculture and forest residue are estimated using production data and harvesting residue factor. A GIS-based framework is developed to locate biomass collection points by latitude and longitude for distributed biomass and to estimate their associated biomass potential. An integrated framework is subsequently developed to optimally locate W2VA facilities that have minimal environmental, economic, and social impacts. An array of geographical constraints is then considered in a suitability analysis and network analysis framework. An estimate of the annual availability of feedstock using the most recent data shows MSW, agricultural residue, and forest residue potentials of 4,330,000 wet megagrams (Mg), 4,060,000 dry Mg, and 2,070,000 dry Mg, respectively, in Alberta. Optimal W2VA facility locations are identified for Alberta’s Industrial Heartland (AIH) considering waste heat from the areas as an additional energy source. Ten other locations where facilities can be operated sustainably are identified across the province. This study can be used as a framework by municipalities and communities in any jurisdiction in the world to geographically locate biomass source and collection points, along with their annual capacity, and the corresponding optimal site for a W2VA facility. Keywords: Biomass, Biorefinery, GIS, suitability analysis, Integrated methodology, Municipal solid waste, Sustainability, Waste management, Waste-to-energy.
Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields Combined with Thermosonication on the Physicochemical Properties of Chinese Rice Wine
Authors: Lyu Chenang , Qi Xiaolu , Ying Sun , Wang Jianping 
Published: October 2021

HighlightsThe TS-PEF diminished the color change compared to individual treatments.The concentration of Fe, Cr, and Ni increased after the treatments of PEF and TS-PEF.The volatile flavor compounds decreased after the treatment of TS and TS-PEF.Abstract. Chinese rice wine (CRW) is a traditional wine prevalent in East Asia. In current industrial production of bottled CRW, an additional thermal pasteurization is required at the bottling stage to extend the shelf life of the product, and this thermal treatment results in quality degradation and even carcinogen formation. In our previous studies, non-thermal technologies such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), thermosonication (TS), and their combination (TS-PEF) have been shown to significantly inactivate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in CRW as an alternative to thermal pasteurization of bottled wine. However, studies of their effects on the quality of CRW are very limited. In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties of CRW treated by pasteurization, PEF, TS, and TS-PEF. The results showed that the basic physicochemical indicators of CRW (total sugar, non-sugar solids, total acidity, amino acid nitrogen, and pH) did not change significantly after all these treatments. The TS-PEF treatment reduced the total color difference caused by the TS or PEF treatments. However, corrosion of the electrodes during PEF and TS-PEF treatment caused a significant increase in iron, chromium, and nickel concentrations. In addition, volatile flavor compounds, such as alcohols, esters, acids, and aldehydes, were reduced much more after TS and TS-PEF treatment than after pasteurization and PEF. Further research is needed on minimizing the negative impacts of these new technologies on the flavor of CRW in the context of effective sterilization. Keywords: Chinese rice wine, Metal ion, Physicochemical properties, Pulsed electric fields, Ultrasound, Volatile flavor compounds.