bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crack semantic segmentation performance of various attention modules in different scenarios
Authors: Zheng Junwen , Chen Lingkun , Chen Nan , Chen Qizhi , Miao Qingyun , Jin Hesong , Jiang Lizhong , Ngo Tuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the core of the Transformer, the attention mechanism is crucial in model design. However, the performance of attention modules varies across different datasets. Additionally, hyperparameter settings significantly impact the performance of attention modules, complicating the selection of the appropriate module. To fill the current research gap regarding the performance of attention modules in crack recognition, this study investigates five highly cited attention modules across three datasets with different styles. By setting nine combinations of learning rates and batch sizes, we conducted 135 comparative experiments. Precision, Recall, F1‐score, and mIoU were used as evaluation metrics to analyze the recognition accuracy and loss curve convergence of each attention module. Parameters, frames per second (FPS), and floating‐point operations per second (FLOPs) were used to compare the computational efficiency of each module. The results indicate that channel attention (CA), bottleneck attention module (BAM), and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) outperform dual attention (DA) and self‐attention (SA) in crack recognition and resistance to interference. The modules achieve good convergence with learning rate and batch size combinations of 1 × 10−4/4, 1 × 10−4/8, and 1 × 10−4/16. We recommend using 1 × 10−4/4 as the initial hyperparameter setting in future work. Although DA and SA have higher parameter counts compared to CA, BAM, and CBAM, the FPS and FLOPs values of each module show minimal differences when the batch size is the same.
Epistaxis and Intradural–Extramedullary Haemorrhage in a Dog With Steroid Responsive Meningitis‐Arteritis
Authors: Aravindan Arajeane , Ferreira Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA 2‐year‐old female entire Golden Retriever with a history of being subdued was seen. Her physical and neurological examinations were initially unremarkable, but she acutely progressed to non‐ambulatory paraparesis, with absent cervical or thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column was performed, showing a well‐defined, intradural–extramedullary mass at the level of the caudal aspect of L2 causing right‐sided ventrolateral marked cord compression. The lesion was T2W hyperintense and mildly hyperintense on T1W images. The signal intensity pattern of this lesion suggested the presence of an early stage hyperacute hemorrhagic process. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from the cisterna magna. CSF analysis exhibited a marked mixed pleocytosis with a slight neutrophilic predominance and elevated protein content. Due to the dog going from being ambulatory to non‐ambulatory paraparetic with absent postural reactions in her pelvic limbs, surgery was performed to allow decompression of the spinal cord. A hemilaminectomy with durotomy was performed. Over the course of the dog's hospitalisation, she had two episodes of left‐sided epistaxis which resolved with local application of adrenaline. Seven days post‐operatively, the dog was discharged being non‐ambulatory paraparetic with voluntary movement in both pelvic limbs. Three months after discharge, the dog was ambulatory with no ataxia noted in the pelvic limbs. As there is no current definitive diagnostic test for steroid responsive meningitis‐arteritis (SRMA) available, the diagnosis of it in this case is supported by the dog's signalment, bloodwork, CSF analysis and response to corticosteroid therapy. This report details a rare clinical presentation, including epistaxis, intradural–extramedullary haemorrhage and absence of cervical or thoracolumbar hyperaesthesia, in a dog diagnosed with suspected SRMA.
Introduction on Development, Maturation, and Vulnerability of the Neonatal Brain and Factors Contributing to Injury
Authors: Meijler Gerda , Mohammad Khorshid 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe newborn brain is still very immature and undergoes rapid and essential changes.These changes include impressive growth, gyration, and sulcation (folding of the brain surface), myelination (the formation of an insulating layer around the nerve cell extensions), and the formation and pruning of connections between nerve cells and between brain structures.Because of this rapid brain development, the newborn brain is vulnerable to injury. This is especially true for babies born too early (preterm, prematurely), as many brain maturational processes that normally take place within the protective environment of the womb need to take place in an extra-uterine hospital environment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Martinez-Biarge Miriam , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBrain MRI has become a standard diagnostic and prognostic technique in neonatal care. Although clinicians do not need to understand all the technical aspects of MRI and how to interpret images, it is important to know when MRI is indicated and what information we can expect to obtain. It is also important to understand the information provided in radiological reports and be able to use it in combination with other clinical data and be conversant with data on imaging relationships to outcomes in different disorders in order to optimize diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, clinicians need to be able to communicate this information to parents in a way that is understandable to them.This chapter provides an overview of the sequences most commonly used in neonatal MRI, their uses and indications, and how the main brain structures are seen on MRI, in normal and abnormal situations.
Neurophysiological Monitoring
Authors: El-Dib Mohamed , de Vries Linda S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEEG (electroencephalogram) is utilized to detect cortical cerebral electric activity. In neonates, both conventional EEG (cEEG) and a simplified form known as amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) hold significant value. Prolonged continuous EEG is recommended in high-risk scenarios and has been associated with improved seizure identification and outcomes. While aEEG aids in seizure detection, cEEG remains the gold standard for diagnosing seizures in neonates. aEEG is employed as a bedside tool for selecting infants with neonatal encephalopathy for therapeutic hypothermia, while both aEEG and cEEG are valuable for prognostication. Continuous EEG monitoring further improves seizure detection and outcome prediction for extremely preterm infants and critically ill infants. Utilization of neurophysiological monitoring in the NICU can be enhanced by the emerging automated analysis algorithms.
Arterial Infarction in Preterm Infants
Authors: Steggerda Sylke J. , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArterial infarction (also called arterial ischemic stroke) is not uncommon in preterm infants and may occur antenatally, around the time of birth, and during the neonatal period, particularly in relation to episodes of sickness and interventions. Very often the onset of the stroke is not accompanied by specific symptoms, so awareness that stroke may occur in the preterm population is important and regular cranial ultrasound scanning is needed for early detection. The lesions tend to affect the central gray matter (known as perforator strokes) but are not limited to this region. As with term-born infants, the site of the lesion and whether the cortico-spinal tract is involved are very important for prognosis, and this is best defined from an MRI scan. Early detection is important for planning therapies and long-term follow-up.
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in Term and Near-Term Infants
Authors: Mohammad Khorshid , de Vries Linda S. , Meijler Gerda , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major burden for infants, their families, and society all over the world, while the incidence of HIE has fallen slightly in high-income countries (HICs) that is not the situation in many poorer economic environments. Still, in many cases, a clear cause for and the timing of the insult remains unclear. The introduction of therapeutic cooling in HICs for moderate and severe HIE has resulted in better early recognition of encephalopathy, better monitoring with EEG, and an emphasis on optimal early management with early seizure treatments and outcome prediction. In turn, this has led to significant improvements in outcomes though some infants still have moderate to severe long-term problems affecting all developmental domains and some do not survive. Studies remain in progress as to whether mild HIE should be treated with cooling, whether cooling should be used in different clinical settings, and whether additional neuroprotective agents can further improve outcome.Nowadays most children in HICs survive with good early outcomes, but data from school-age follow-up has allowed much better recognition of more subtle but significant longer-term problems affecting memory, cognition, and minor motor skills, making long-term follow-up essential. MR brain imaging remains the best individual modality for outcome prediction.
Influence of the OECD Guidelines and Jurisprudence in the Legislative Process of the EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence
Authors: Feigerlová Monika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CS3D) has established a legal obligation for large companies to conduct due diligence in their operations and value chains to prevent and address adverse impacts on human rights and the environment. The CS3D builds on and seeks to align with international due diligence standards on business and human rights, including the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct. This paper examines the extent to which the OECD Guidelines played a role in the legislative process of the CS3D. By analysing the travaux préparatoires of the CS3D, the interactions between these two instruments will be identified. The findings may also help to understand the relevance of the OECD jurisprudence to the interpretation and implementation of the CS3D in the future, particularly in those EU Member States whose governments have adhered to the OECD Guidelines, in relation to the failure of corporate behaviour to comply with human rights and environmental due diligence.
Racialization and Counter-Actions in COVID-19 Times: Experiences Among Asians in the Netherlands
Authors: Leung Maggi W. H. , Hao Yanbo , Bilgili Özge , Dolphijn Rick 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the Coronavirus makes its way across the globe, stigmatisation, prejudice and discrimination have also made their marks in many parts of the world. Reports on physical or verbal assault on people of Chinese/East and Southeast Asian appearance, among others, are abundant, also in the multicultural cities of Europe. In the Netherlands, large cities have been found to witness more discrimination incidents than their surrounding urban and rural areas. Racialised aggression does not only take place in physical places, but also in digital spaces. Stigmatised communities and their alliance have stood up to raise awareness of and protested against racism, both in urban public spaces and through online campaigns. As such, the Covid-19 pandemic has given a stage for racialised discourses and aggressions, contestations of in/exclusion, as well as counter-racism activism. Drawing on news and social media content analyses, observations as well as qualitative interviews conducted with people of Chinese/East and Southeast Asian appearance in multicultural cities in the Netherlands, we document the experiences connected to Corona-racism with the strategies in dealing with it. Our findings draw attention to the intersectional and transnationalised experiences of our interviewees, highlighting the need to go beyond native-migrant, majority-minority, here- there dichotomies. Our findings also underline the conflating nature of on- and offline racialisation and counter-actions. Through mapping out the traces of two protests in Amsterdam, we also show how Covid-related counter-actions have taken and created urban and digital spaces, which constitute the broader anti-injustice landscape in the Netherlands and beyond.
Food on Display: Connecting Home (Land) and Identity Negotiation of the Rohingya Refugees in Brisbane City
Authors: Aziz Abdul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study explores how Rohingya refugees in Brisbane utilize food practices as a manifestation of their ethnic identity and citizenship. It also demonstrates how food culture serves as a strategy for connecting with both community members (insiders) and individuals from different cultural backgrounds (outsiders). By introducing the concept of ‘food on display,’ this chapter integrates offline and online food practices, providing a comprehensive overview and deeper insights into the place-based lived experiences and survival strategies of forced migrants in the context of exile and statelessness. Overall, the study highlights how these food practices foster a sense of agency and belonging, contributing to emerging research on urban social justice, migration inclusion, and inclusive cities.
By & for: Welcoming and Inclusive Spaces at De Voorkamer in Utrecht, the Netherlands
Authors: Raviv Shay , van der Mijl Pim , Leung Maggi W. H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractContrasting the politics and narratives of Fortress Europe, hundreds of thousands of people have taken to the streets across Europe to delcare “#WeHaveSpace” for refugees and other newcomers. Social activists (defined broadly) have co-created—often only after fighting uphill battles—diverse spaces where newcomers can feel welcomed and participate in building new futures together with the local communities. This chapter reflects on one of these welcoming spaces, namely, De Voorkamer (“The Front Room”) in Utrecht, the Netherlands. We illustrate the strategies used by the community for maintaining and redefining their meeting space. We reflect on the importance of location, place, and space in De Voorkamer’s work from social design and socio-cultural geography perspectives. Finally, we offer some critical thoughts on the ongoing challenges of welcoming initiatives such as De Voorkamer in creating sustainable (as in long-lasting and futureproofed) inclusive spaces.
Building Climate-Resilient Communities Through Water-Sensitive Public Space Design and Activation: Public Parks Program in Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Marino Raul , Vargas Elkin , Acevedo Iván , Medina Mayerly , Riveros Alejandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article explores the innovative integration of water-sensitive design in public spaces as a strategy for enhancing climate resilience in Bucaramanga, Colombia. It focuses on the city’s Public Parks Program, which aims to transform underutilized areas into multifunctional green spaces that effectively manage water resources while promoting community engagement. As urban areas face increasing challenges from climate change, such as flooding and water scarcity, this initiative serves as a case study in utilizing nature-based solutions to mitigate environmental risks. The research highlights the program’s design principles, which prioritize the incorporation of sustainable drainage systems, permeable surfaces, and native vegetation to improve stormwater management and enhance biodiversity. By analyzing various parks within the program, the article illustrates how these designs not only reduce urban heat and improve air quality but also foster social cohesion and community well-being. Community activation efforts, including workshops and participatory planning, are examined, demonstrating the importance of local involvement in the design process and the creation of spaces that reflect the needs and values of residents. Key findings reveal that water-sensitive public spaces can significantly contribute to climate adaptation by improving urban resilience, enhancing aesthetic value, and promoting inclusive community interaction. This article ultimately advocates for the scaling of such initiatives in similar urban contexts, arguing that strategic design and community engagement are essential for building climate-resilient cities.
Popular Control and Social Movements: When Local Civil Societies Mobilize in Support of Migrants’ Demands for Human Rights
Authors: Trasciani Giorgia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOften perceived as a threat to employment, public order and safety, immigration is still a high priority on the political agenda of the European Union Members States. However, even because conceived as a concession, little is said about the quality of reception for asylum seekers, and the respect for their rights. This work focuses specifically on the reception systems of two cities, Marseille, and Naples, and how civil society, tired of silently observing the harassment suffered by migrants, organised in order to support migrants’ struggles, asking for a decent service of reception and integration. Based on semi-structured interviews with local social movements, associations and different members of civil society, this work aims to shed light on acts of solidarity that take place daily in our cities, contrasting the selective migration policy and the increasingly privatised service of reception promoted by national public authorities.
Conclusion: The Inclusive Future of Global Urban Transformation
Authors: Otsuki Kei , Bailey Ajay 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis chapter concludes that the concept of inclusive city merits attention in the theorizations and imaginations about the rapid urban transformations occurring worldwide. We highlight the importance of having translocal, sensitivity towards vulnerability, and long-term perspectives, as we hope to generate future discussions on how to ensure inclusive city making by paying attention to intersectionalities, infrastructures and sustainable development globally.
Urban Ecologies in the Indian Subcontinent: Rethinking Resilience in the Context of Crisis
Authors: Varghese Mathew A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dominant urban forms emanate from the need for capital to flow loose while labor and life is kept controlled or put in place. Across India, cities have exemplified accumulations by dispossession of ecological niches and human settlements. The new urban plans and smart cities, post 2000, exaggerate changing geographies, land acquisition, and associated rise in land values. The chapter problematizes urban infrastructural plans that portray spaces as empty, or terra nullius, without specific associations, histories, and relationships in habitats. Urban processes and ecological transformations conceal within itself the metabolic relationships between living and the nonliving in ecologies or, in other words, the complex entanglements. The metabolic rifts that Marx talked about become stark in contingent contexts, like disasters, pandemics, or socio-economic catastrophes. In the Indian sub-continent, the floods, COVID-19, and demonetization exemplify such scenarios. The top-down imagination of ecologies like ecological infrastructure, with the add-on provisions to provide capital to corporates, has already resulted in the biggest socio-ecological disasters in the sub-continent. I look specifically into how ecologies of systemic violence can get exacerbated by ecologies of disaster in the form of diseases. Urban spaces in the contemporary times have demonstrated that it is not the virus itself that kills, but it works in synergy with the uneven terrains and absence of care. The chapter also problematizes the idea of resilience to deal with shocks. The idea of resilience became globalized through modes of urbanization as exemplified in resilient cities, competitive urbanism, smart cities, and algorithmic governance. The language and practice of resilience celebrates individual stories of adaptation as if this was a choice. It never addresses the need for fundamental transformations of the conditions that give rise to shocks and crises.
Public Transportation for a Livable and Competitive City: People Expectations and Reality in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Shanawez , Ahamed Raihan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOver the past 25 years, the city has experienced a significant population increase of more than 10 million people, presenting a considerable challenge due to its limited capacity. As a result, the livability of the city has been declining, with various issues affecting its quality of life. Among these challenges, the poor quality of public transport stands out.
Including Women’s Voices in Resettlement Processes: The Experiences of Kinawataka Women in the Kampala–Jinja Express Development Project
Authors: Kisembo Teddy , Otsuki Kei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Kampala–Jinja Expressway is one of five infrastructural development mega-projects that the Government of Uganda launched as an essential part of Uganda’s second National Development Plan 2015–2020. This Plan aims to “strengthen Uganda’s competitiveness for sustainable wealth creation, inclusive growth and job creation”. However, this Expressway entails displacement of informal settlements in Kampala and women in the settlements are especially affected. Yet, the women’s voices are not sufficiently included in the resettlement planning and studies on displacement and resettlement. This chapter presents a case study of women’s participation in negotiations about displacement and resettlement and identifies how to meaningfully include women’s voices in infrastructure planning.
On the Structure of Multivariate Gabor Systems and a Result on Gaussian Gabor Frames
Authors: Gjertsen Michael , Luef Franz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce an equivalence relation on the set of lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

such that equivalent lattices support identical structures of Gabor systems, up to unitary equivalence—a notion we define. These equivalence classes are parameterized by symplectic forms on

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

and they consist of lattices related by symplectic transformations. This implies that

$$2d^2 - d$$

2

d
2

-
d

parameters suffice to describe the possible structures of Gabor systems over lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

, as opposed to the

$$4d^2$$

4

d
2

degrees of freedom in the choice of lattice. We also prove that (modulo a minor complication related to complex conjugation) symplectic transformations are the only linear transformations of the time-frequency plane which implement equivalences of this kind, thereby characterizing symplectic transformations as the structure-preserving transformations of the time-frequency plane in the context of Gabor analysis. In addition, we investigate the equivalence classes that have separable lattices

$$A_1 {\mathbb {Z}}^d\times A_2 {\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

A
1

Z

d

×

A
2

Z

d

as representatives and find that the parameter space in this case is

$$d^2$$

d
2

-dimensional. We provide an explicit example showing that non-separable lattices with irrational lattice points can behave exactly like separable and rational ones. This approach also allows us to formulate and prove a higher-dimensional variant of the Lyubarskii-Seip-Wallstén Theorem for Gaussian Gabor frames. This gives us, for a large class of lattices in

$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

R

2
d

(including all symplectic ones), necessary and sufficient conditions for d-parameter families of Gaussians to generate Gabor frames.