bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of antioxidative and detoxificative systems in Brassica juncea L. plants against the toxicity of heavy metals
Authors: Małecka Arleta , Konkolewska Agnieszka , Hanć Anetta , Ciszewska Liliana , Staszak Aleksandra Maria , Jarmuszkiewicz Wieslawa , Ratajczak Ewelina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlant metal hyperaccumulators, to which Brassica juncea belongs, must have very efficient defence mechanisms that enable growth and development in an environment polluted with various heavy metals. B. juncea (Indiana mustard) v. Małopolska was exposed to the activity of trace elements such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in combinations: CuPb, CuCd, CuZn, PbCd, PbZn, and ZnCd in a concentration of 25 μM each for 96 h during control cultivation. We observed a clear tendency for metal uptake and accumulation in above-ground parts which is characteristic of hyperaccumulators. The combinations of CuCd, CuZn, and PbCd inhibited the development of the seedlings the most. The used metal combinations increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.−) and oxidized proteins in B. juncea organs, generating oxidative stress conditions in the cells. We determined the level of transcription of the respective defence proteins of the detoxification and antioxidant systems. We have shown that in the first 24 h of stress condiction, activation of glutamylcysteine-γ synthetase (yECS) and glutathione reductase (GR1) enzymes related to the detoxification of heavy metals is important for B. juncea plants. In addition, the data provide important information on how plants respond to the presence of heavy metals in the first days of stress conditions.
Inkjet-printed low-dimensional materials-based complementary electronic circuits on paper
Authors: Brunetti Irene , Pimpolari Lorenzo , Conti Silvia , Worsley Robyn , Majee Subimal , Polyushkin Dmitry K. , Paur Matthias , Dimaggio Elisabetta , Pennelli Giovanni , Iannaccone Giuseppe , Macucci Massimo , Pieri Francesco , Mueller Thomas , Casiraghi Cinzia , Fiori Gianluca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplementary electronics has represented the corner stone of the digital era, and silicon technology has enabled this accomplishment. At the dawn of the flexible and wearable electronics age, the seek for new materials enabling the integration of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on flexible substrates, finds in low-dimensional materials (either 1D or 2D) extraordinary candidates. Here, we show that the main building blocks for digital electronics can be obtained by exploiting 2D materials like molybdenum disulfide, hexagonal boron nitride and 1D materials such as carbon nanotubes through the inkjet-printing technique. In particular, we show that the proposed approach enables the fabrication of logic gates and a basic sequential network on a flexible substrate such as paper, with a performance already comparable with mainstream organic technology.
Nipah virus W protein harnesses nuclear 14-3-3 to inhibit NF-κB-induced proinflammatory response
Authors: Enchéry François , Dumont Claire , Iampietro Mathieu , Pelissier Rodolphe , Aurine Noémie , Bloyet Louis-Marie , Carbonnelle Caroline , Mathieu Cyrille , Journo Chloé , Gerlier Denis , Horvat Branka 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic emerging bat-borne Henipavirus that has caused numerous outbreaks with public health concerns. It is able to inhibit the host innate immune response. Since the NF-κB pathway plays a crucial role in the innate antiviral response as a major transcriptional regulator of inflammation, we postulated its implication in the still poorly understood NiV immunopathogenesis. We report here that NiV inhibits the canonical NF-κB pathway via its nonstructural W protein. Translocation of the W protein into the nucleus causes nuclear accumulation of the cellular scaffold protein 14-3-3 in both African green monkey and human cells infected by NiV. Excess of 14-3-3 in the nucleus was associated with a reduction of NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and of its nuclear accumulation. Importantly, W-S449A substitution impairs the binding of the W protein to 14-3-3 and the subsequent suppression of NF-κB signaling, thus restoring the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Our data suggest that the W protein increases the steady-state level of 14-3-3 in the nucleus and consequently enhances 14-3-3-mediated negative feedback on the NF-κB pathway. These findings provide a mechanistic model of W-mediated disruption of the host inflammatory response, which could contribute to the high severity of NiV infection.
Anticipatory Completions in Conversations Between People Who Stutter and People Who Do Not Stutter
Authors: Kondrashov Sergey M. , Tetnowski John A. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the following topics. (a) What are the specific stuttering moments that trigger anticipatory completions? (b) How do people who stutter (PWS) perceive anticipatory completions of their turn by people who do not stutter (PWNS)? (c) What are the expectations of PWS from PWNS in a conversation between them?

Method:
In this qualitative study, the researchers used grounded theory to help analyze the collected data. The data sources were 26 observations, conversations, and interviews. A similar version could be used in the body of the text when the study is described.

Results:
Five out of six participants experienced anticipatory completions during stuttering moments. Hypothesis 1, “Anticipatory completions by PWNS occur at specific stuttering moments,” was accepted. Hypothesis 2, “PWS have negative perceptions and feelings of anticipatory completions by PWNS,” was not verified during interviews with three participants; therefore, the researchers revised Hypothesis 2 into “PWS do not always have negative perceptions and feelings of anticipatory completions by PWNS.” Five out of six participants expected PWNS to let them finish what they are saying; therefore, the researchers accepted Hypothesis 3, “PWS expect PWNS to let them finish what they are saying.”

Conclusion:
The main findings of this study include verification that the participants used anticipatory completions at specific stuttering moments and nonstuttering moments in one case, PWS do not always have negative perceptions and feelings about anticipatory completions by PWNS, and PWS expect PWNS to let them finish what they are saying.
Mafic mineralogy assemblages at the Chang’e-4 landing site: A combined laboratory and lunar in situ spectroscopic study
Authors: Liu C. , Liu L. , Chen J. , Cao H. , Qu H. , Qiao L. , Zhang J. , Qi X. , Lu X. , Xu R. , Wang Z. , He Z. , Ling Z. 
Published: November 2021

Context.Chang’e-4 (CE-4) provides unprecedented information about lunar materials exposed by the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. Diverse results have been obtained from previous interpretations of CE-4 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectra. Some studies suggest that materials at the CE-4 landing site are dominated by olivine and orthopyroxene, but others argue that only a small amount of olivine should be exposed at the CE-4 landing site.Aims.Laboratory spectroscopy studies using the Engineering Model of CE-4 Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) are critical in constraining the accurate mineral proportions and composition of soils and boulders at the CE-4 landing site.Methods.VNIR spectra of nine lunar analogs – prepared by mixing orthopyroxene (OPX), clinopyroxene (CPX), olivine (OL), and plagioclase – were acquired using the CE-4 VNIS Engineering Model. The spectral indices model and modified Gaussian model were developed to estimate CPX/(CPX+OPX) and OL/(OL+CPX+OPX) and are applicable to the in situ spectra acquired by the Yutu-2 VNIS spectrometer.Results.The lunar rocks and regolith at the CE-4 landing site excavated by the Finsen impact are CPX-rich with limited OL (CPX:OPX:OL = 56:29:17). The mineral chemistries of the four lunar rocks show Mid-Ca, Fe pyroxene, and Mid-Mg OL (Fo60−79), providing critical constraints for mineral compositions in the SPA compositional anomaly. These rocks exhibit high M1 intensity ratios, indicating that they were crystallized at a high temperature (980–1300 °C) and a rapid-cooling magmatic system produced by impact melt differentiation or volcanic resurfacing events.
Irregularity in Plantar Fascia, Muscle Edema and Tendon Thickness in
Patients with High-Risk for Diabetic Foot
Authors: Korkmaz Busra Yurumez , Akturk Mujde , Ucar Murat , Altınova Alev Eroglu , Can Mehmet Ali , Arslan Emre , Tokgoz Nil , Toruner Fusun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim To investigate the alterations in the plantar fascia (PF), intrinsic
muscles, and tendons in the feet of patients at high risk for developing
diabetic foot.
Methods The healthy feet of 22 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had
developed diabetic foot ulcers on a single foot without any pathology on the
contralateral extremity, and those of 22 healthy volunteers were evaluated by
magnetic resonance imaging. The volume of the Achilles tendon (AT), the surface
area of the PF, the thickness of AT, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum
longus, tibialis posterior, and peroneus longus tendons, irregularity in the PF,
and edema of intrinsic foot muscles were examined.
Results Nineteen patients (86%) had irregularity in the PF,
whereas none of the healthy controls had any (p<0.001). Intrinsic muscle
edema was more common in the group with diabetes (p=0.006). The volume
of AT and the surface area of PF were decreased in patients with peripheral
arterial disease (PAD) (p<0.05). Patients with diabetes mellitus but
without PAD had a larger surface area of PF than that of controls
(p<0.05). There were no differences in the volume of AT, the surface
area of the PF, and other tendon thickness between the groups.
Conclusion Irregularity in the PF and muscle edema may indicate a high
risk for the diabetic foot. The presence of PAD may lead to regression in the
structure of AT and PF.
Central Ocular Motor Disorders: Clinical and Topographic Anatomical Diagnosis, Syndromes and Underlying Diseases
Authors: Strupp Michael Leo , Straumann Dominik , Helmchen Christoph 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe key to the diagnosis of ocular motor disorders is a systematic clinical examination of the different types of eye movements, including eye position, spontaneous nystagmus, range of eye movements, smooth pursuit, saccades, gaze-holding function, vergence, optokinetic nystagmus, as well as testing of the function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visual fixation suppression of the VOR. This is like a window which allows you to look into the brain stem and cerebellum even if imaging is normal. Relevant anatomical structures are the midbrain, pons, medulla, cerebellum and rarely the cortex. There is a simple clinical rule: vertical and torsional eye movements are generated in the midbrain, horizontal eye movements in the pons. For example, isolated dysfunction of vertical eye movements is due to a midbrain lesion affecting the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF), with impaired vertical saccades only or vertical gaze-evoked nystagmus due to dysfunction of the Interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC). Lesions of the lateral medulla oblongata (Wallenberg syndrome) lead to typical findings: ocular tilt reaction, central fixation nystagmus and dysmetric saccades. The cerebellum is relevant for almost all types of eye movements; typical pathological findings are saccadic smooth pursuit, gaze-evoked nystagmus or dysmetric saccades. The time course of the development of symptoms and signs is important for the diagnosis of underlying diseases: acute: most likely stroke; subacute: inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases like thiamine deficiencies; chronic progressive: inherited diseases like Niemann-Pick type C with typically initially vertical and then horizontal saccade palsy or degenerative diseases like progressive supranuclear palsy. Treatment depends on the underlying disease. In this article, we deal with central ocular motor disorders. In a second article, we focus on clinically relevant types of nystagmus such as downbeat, upbeat, fixation pendular, gaze-evoked, infantile or periodic alternating nystagmus. Therefore, these types of nystagmus will not be described here in detail.
Shear Wave Elastography Reveals a High Prevalence of NAFLD-related
Fibrosis even in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Meyer Gesine , Dauth Nina , Grimm Matthias , Herrmann Eva , Bojunga Joerg , Friedrich-Rust Mireen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and
advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is well known. Some studies
indicate a relevant prevalence also in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but so
far there is only limited data.
Objective To determine the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD)-related liver fibrosis in individuals with T1DM and compare to those
with type 2 diabetes.
Methods Diabetic patients from a single diabetes care centre were screened
for liver fibrosis by sonographic shear wave elastography (SWE). In addition,
all patients received laboratory evaluation including non-alcoholic fatty liver
fibrosis score and Fibrosis-4 Index.
Results Three hundred and forty patients were included in the study, of
these, 310 received SWE. Overall 254 patients (93 with type 1 and 161 with type
2 diabetes) had reliable measurements and were included in the final analysis.
In patients with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of NAFLD-related liver fibrosis
was 16–21%, depending on the method of detection. Significant
liver fibrosis was observed in 30–46% of patients with type 2
diabetes.
Conclusions Our data revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence of
NAFLD-related liver fibrosis in patients with type 1 diabetes. To our knowledge,
this is one of the first studies using SWE to diagnose advanced NAFLD in type 1
diabetes in a non-preselected cohort. Considering the findings of our study,
regular screening for hepatic complications must be recommended for all diabetic
patients, even for those with type 1 diabetes.
Use of Homeopathic Arnica montana 30cH for Postoperative Analgesia in Female Dogs Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Travagin David Ronald Parra , Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Coelho Cidéli de Paula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground Ovariohysterectomy (OH) is one of the most frequent elective surgical procedures in routine veterinary practice. Arnica montana is a well-known medicine in phytotherapy, with proven analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, healing, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. However, there is still a shortage of studies on the action and effects of the homeopathic formulation of the medicine on animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate analgesia with Arnica montana 30cH during the postoperative period after elective OH.Methods Thirty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 3 years, weighing 7 to 14 kg, were selected at the Veterinary Hospital in Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil. The dogs underwent the surgical procedure with an anaesthetic protocol and analgesia that had the aim of maintaining the patient's wellbeing. After the procedure, they were randomly divided into three groups of 10. One group received Arnica montana 30cH; another received 5% hydroalcoholic solution; and the third group, 0.9% NaCl saline solution. All animals received four drops of the respective solution sublingually and under blinded conditions, every 10 minutes for 1 hour, after the inhalational anaesthetic had been withdrawn. The Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale was used to analyse the effect of therapy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test was used to evaluate the test data. Statistical differences were deemed significant when p ≤0.05.Results The Arnica montana 30cH group maintained analgesia on average for 17.8 ± 3.6 hours, whilst the hydroalcoholic solution group did so for 5.1 ± 1.2 hours and the saline solution group for 4.1 ± 0.9 hours (p ≤0.05).Conclusion These data demonstrate that Arnica montana 30cH presented a more significant analgesic effect than the control groups, thus indicating its potential for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing OH.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescence: When Menarche Reveals other Surprises
Authors: Gomes Helena , Abreu Bruna , Barros Liliana , Veríssimo Carlos 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding is more frequent in adolescence. Although, most commonly, it has a non-structural etiology, it may be due to any cause described.
Clinical case A 12-year-old adolescent, with no relevant personal history, menarche 1 month before, was observed in the emergency department for severe menstrual bleeding with progressive worsening, and hemodynamic repercussion in need of transfusion support. Physiological ovulatory dysfunction associated with possible previously unknown coagulopathy was considered to be the most likely diagnosis and medical treatment was initiated. Without response, the patient was submitted to sedated observation and uterine aspiration, which ultimately led to the diagnosis of a Burkitt Lymphoma.
Discussion Although structural causes, and particularly malignancy, whether gynecological or not, are a rare cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in this age group, they must be considered, thus enhancing the fastest and most appropriate treatment.
Incorporation of Fibrin, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells into a Coronary Thrombus in Time and Space
Authors: Maly Martin , Riedel Tomas , Stikarova Jana , Suttnar Jiri , Kotlin Roman , Hajsl Martin , Tousek Petr , Kaufmanova Jirina , Kucerka Ondrej , Weisel John W. , Dyr Jan E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe describe the internal structure, spatial organization and dynamic formation of coronary artery thrombi from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant differences among four groups of patients (<2 hours; 2–6 hours; 6–12 hours, and >12 hours) related to the time of ischemia. Coronary artery thrombi from patients presenting less than 2 hours after the infarction were almost entirely composed of platelets, with small amounts of fibrin and red blood cells. In contrast, thrombi from late presenters (>12 hours) consisted of mainly platelets at the distal end, where clotting was initiated, with almost no platelets at the proximal end, while the red blood cell content went from low at the initiating end to more than 90% at the proximal end. Furthermore, fibrin was present mainly on the outside of the thrombi and older thrombi contained thicker fibers. The red blood cells in late thrombi were compressed to a close-packed, tessellated array of polyhedral structures, called polyhedrocytes. Moreover, there was redistribution from the originally homogeneous composition to fibrin and platelets to the outside, with polyhedrocytes on the interior. The presence of polyhedrocytes and the redistribution of components are signs of in vivo clot contraction (or retraction). These results suggest why later thrombi are resistant to fibrinolytic agents and other treatment modalities, since the close-packed polyhedrocytes form a nearly impermeable seal. Furthermore, it is of particular clinical significance that these findings suggest specific disparate therapies that will be most effective at different stages of thrombus development.
Biologic Augmentation during Meniscal Repair
Authors: Blough Christian L. , Bobba Christopher M. , DiBartola Alex C. , Everhart Joshua S. , Magnussen Robert A. , Kaeding Christopher , Flanigan David C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe reviewed the literature regarding utility of biologic augmentation in meniscal repair. We hypothesized that the addition of biologic augmentation during meniscal repair improves postoperative knee function and reduces risk of repair failure. PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched. Included studies were clinical studies in humans, published in English, and reported use of biologic augmentation techniques in addition to meniscal repair (including platelet-rich plasma [PRP], fibrin clot, bone marrow stimulation, meniscal wrapping, and bioscaffolds) for treatment of knee meniscal tears. Outcome measures included repair failure, repeat knee arthroscopic surgery, and magnetic resonance imaging), visual analog scale for pain, the International Knee Documentation Committee questionnaire, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Lysholm's Knee Scoring Scale, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Study quality was assessed using the modified Coleman methodology score. Nineteen studies reported repair of 1,092 menisci including six studies that investigated fibrin clot augmentation, five studies that investigated PRP augmentation, three studies that investigated bone marrow stimulation augmentation, two studies that used meniscal wrapping augmentation, and three studies that used other techniques. The level of evidence ranged from I to IV and mean modified Coleman methodology score was 43 (range: 17–69), with higher scores noted in studies completed in recent years. PRP and bone marrow stimulation augmentation appear to decrease risk of failure in patients undergoing isolated meniscal repair but do not improve knee symptom scores. Fibrin clot and trephination augmentation techniques do not have sufficient evidence to support decreased failure risk at this time. Meniscal wrapping augmentation and scaffold implantation augmentation appear to be an attractive option to meniscectomy in complicated tears that are not candidates for repair alone, but further confirmatory studies are needed to support initial data. Evidence supporting augmentation of meniscal repair is limited at this time but suggests that the highest likelihood for effectiveness of augmentation is in the settings of isolated meniscal repair or meniscal repairs that would normally not be amenable to repair.
Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis in Sri Lanka: A Single-Center Experience over 7 Years
Authors: Wanigasinghe Jithangi , Anuradha K. W. D. A. , Chang Thashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPediatric autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in resource-poor settings. Minimizing delay in diagnosis and appropriate escalation of treatment will help reduce both the short- and long-term neurodisabilities. A retrospective observational study was performed on children consecutively diagnosed with possible AE and then prospectively followed up in a single tertiary care children's hospital in Sri Lanka. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid were tested for neuroglial surface-binding autoantibodies using cell-based assays in majority of these children. Twenty-five children (mean age 7.6 years, standard deviation = 4) were recruited. In these children, presenting symptom was psychiatric in 11 children (44%), seizures in 10 (40%), language regression in 2 (8%), and combination of psychosis and convulsions in 2 (8%). Psychiatric presentations were more common in older (>6 years) compared with young children (p = 0.001), while neurological presentations were more common in children aged ≤6 years (p = 0.001). N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies were detected in 9 (45%) and unspecified voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies in 1 (5%) of the 20 tested. All received intravenous steroids and immunoglobulins; 19 (76%) plasma exchange; 7 (29%) rituximab. Complete/substantial improvement at 3 months occurred in 64%. Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score at last review was 1 (normal function for age) in 43%. Higher proportion of younger children required less intense therapy and had better recovery (56%). Death (8%), incomplete recovery (71%), and relapses (8%) were more in older children. Clinical presentation and disease outcomes were different in children aged <6 years compared with older age group. NMDAR antibody encephalitis was the commonest AE syndrome identified in this cohort.