bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total-internal-reflection deflectometry for measuring small deflections of a fluid surface
Authors: Jain Utkarsh , Gauthier Anaïs , van der Meer Devaraj 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe describe a method that uses total internal reflection at the water–air interface inside a large, transparent tank, to measure the interface’s deflections. Using this configuration, we obtain an optical set-up where the liquid surface acts as a deformable mirror. The set-up is shown to be extremely sensitive to very small disturbances of the reflecting water surface, which are detected by means of visualising the reflections of a reference pattern. When the water surface is deformed, it reflects a distorted image of the reference pattern, similar to a synthetic Schlieren set-up. The distortions of the pattern are analysed using a suitable image correlation method. The displacement fields thus obtained correlate to the local spatial gradients of the water surface. The gradient fields are integrated in a least-squares sense to obtain a full instantaneous reconstruction of the water surface. This method is particularly useful when a solid object is placed just above water surface, whose presence makes the liquid surface otherwise optically inaccessible.Graphical abstract
Magnetosensation during re-learning walks in desert ants (Cataglyphis nodus)
Authors: Fleischmann Pauline N. , Grob Robin , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt the beginning of their foraging careers, Cataglyphis desert ants calibrate their compass systems and learn the visual panorama surrounding the nest entrance. For that, they perform well-structured initial learning walks. During rotational body movements (pirouettes), naïve ants (novices) gaze back to the nest entrance to memorize their way back to the nest. To align their gaze directions, they rely on the geomagnetic field as a compass cue. In contrast, experienced ants (foragers) use celestial compass cues for path integration during food search. If the panorama at the nest entrance is changed, foragers perform re-learning walks prior to heading out on new foraging excursions. Here, we show that initial learning walks and re-learning walks are structurally different. During re-learning walks, foragers circle around the nest entrance before leaving the nest area to search for food. During pirouettes, they do not gaze back to the nest entrance. In addition, foragers do not use the magnetic field as a compass cue to align their gaze directions during re-learning walk pirouettes. Nevertheless, magnetic alterations during re-learning walks under manipulated panoramic conditions induce changes in nest-directed views indicating that foragers are still magnetosensitive in a cue conflict situation.
Evaluation of precipitation indices in suites of dynamically and statistically downscaled regional climate models over Florida
Authors: Srivastava Abhishekh Kumar , Grotjahn Richard , Ullrich Paul Aaron , Zarzycki Colin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present work evaluates historical precipitation and its indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) in suites of dynamically and statistically downscaled regional climate models (RCMs) against NOAA’s Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily) dataset over Florida. The models examined here are: (1) nested RCMs involved in the North American CORDEX (NA-CORDEX) program, (2) variable resolution Community Earth System Models (VR-CESM), (3) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models statistically downscaled using localized constructed analogs (LOCA) technique. To quantify observational uncertainty, three in situ-based (PRISM, Livneh, CPC) and three reanalysis (ERA5, MERRA2, NARR) datasets are also evaluated against the station data. The reanalyses and dynamically downscaled RCMs generally underestimate the magnitude of the monthly precipitation and the frequency of the extreme rainfall in summer. The models forced with CanESM2 miss the phase of the seasonality of extreme precipitation. All models and reanalyses severely underestimate both the mean and interannual variability of mean wet-day precipitation (SDII), consecutive dry days (CDD), and overestimate consecutive wet days (CWD). Metric analysis suggests large uncertainty across NA-CORDEX models. Both the LOCA and VR-CESM models perform better than the majority of models. Overall, RegCM4 and WRF models perform poorer than the median model performance. The performance uncertainty across models is comparable to that in the reanalyses. Specifically, NARR performs poorer than the median model performance in simulating the mean indices and MERRA2 performs worse than the majority of models in capturing the interannual variability of the indices.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of tumour microsatellite-instability status as a predictor of response to fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer
Authors: Aggarwal Nikhil , Quaglia Alberto , McPhail Mark J. W. , Monahan Kevin J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified according to the chromosomal-instability pathway (a microsatellite-stable (MSS) pathway) and the microsatellite-instability (MSI) pathway. Adjuvant therapy after surgery in advanced CRC is usually based on fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or combined with other agents. Controversy however remains on the use of 5-FU-based regimens in treating MSI-related tumours.

Aims
To systematically investigate the relationship between tumour microsatellite profile and 5-year overall survival in patients with CRC treated with 5-FU.

Methods
A systematic literature review of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted. Pre-specified criteria determined study inclusion/exclusion. The PRISMA and QUADAS-2 criteria were used to assess study suitability and quality respectively. Patients were categorised as having either MSI or MSS CRC. Overall 5-year survival was estimated from Kaplan–Meier curves. Publication bias was assessed using funnel-plots and Egger’s test.

Results
1807 studies were identified, with meta-analysis performed using nine studies. 5-FU treated individuals with CRC who died at 5 years were found to be 0.31 times less likely to have MSI than those who were alive, although this was not statistically significant. There was an insufficient number of studies to enable subgroup analysis by stage.

Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, MSI status does not alter 5-year survival of patients with CRC patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU, however there is significant heterogeneity in the design of individual studies in the data synthesis. More studies are necessary to clarify whether CRC patients with MSI CRC, in particular early stage, should be offered 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Diagnostik und Therapie lokaler Wundinfektionen
Authors: Dissemond Joachim 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungLokale Wundinfektionen sind ein multidisziplinär relevantes Problem und sollten möglichst frühzeitig diagnostiziert und adäquat therapiert werden. Neben einer Stagnation der Wundheilung sind es insbesondere die drohende Weiterentwicklung zu systemischen Infektionen bis hin zur Sepsis, die gefürchtete, potenziell lebensbedrohliche Komplikationen darstellen. Einen besonders hohen und multidisziplinären Stellenwert hat diese Thematik bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden. Bislang gab es für die Diagnostik keine einheitlich akzeptierten Kriterien. Hier ermöglicht jetzt der neu entwickelte und validierte TILI-Score als Ergänzung zu den Vitalparametern und serologischen Werten die rasche Objektivierung lokaler Wundinfektionen. Ergänzend können mit dem W.A.R.-Score zudem Patienten mit erhöhtem Infektionsrisiko identifiziert werden. Durch diese einfach einzusetzenden Hilfsmittel kann die Indikation einer antiseptischen Wundtherapie individuell, schnell und unproblematisch eingeschätzt werden. Für viele Patienten mit chronischen Wunden ist dann Polihexanid das Wundantiseptikum der ersten Wahl. Die Indikation von Wundantiseptika sollte aber spätestens nach einer Therapiedauer von 14 Tagen kritisch überprüft werden.
Boron Intake and decreased risk of mortality in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kremer Daan , Post Adrian , Seidel Ulrike , Huebbe Patricia , van der Veen Yvonne , Groothof Dion , Gomes-Neto António W. , Knobbe Tim J. , Lüersen Kai , Eisenga Michele F. , Navis Gerjan J. , Rimbach Gerald , Bakker Stephan J. L. ,   TransplantLines Investigators, Kremer D. , Knobbe T. J. , Annema-de Jong J. H. , Berger S. P. , Blokzijl J. , Bodewes F. A. J. A. , de Boer M. T. , Damman K. , De Borst M. H. , Diepstra A. , Dijkstra G. , Douwes R. M. , Eisenga M. F. , Erasmus M. E. , Gan C. T. , Gomes Neto A. W. , Grootjans H. , Hak E. , Heiner-Fokkema M. R. , Hepkema B. G. , Klont F. , Leuvenink H. G. D. , Lexmond W. S. , de Meijer V. E. , Niesters H. G. M. , van Pelt L. J. , Pol R. A. , Porte R. J. , Ranchor A. V. , Sanders J. S. F. , Schutten J. C. , Siebelink M. J. , Slart R. H. J. A. , Swarte J. C. , Timens W. , Touw D. J. , van den Heuvel M. C. , van Leer-Buter C. , van Londen M. , Verschuuren E. A. M. , Vos M. J. , Weersma R. K. , Bakker S. J. L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In a search for potentially modifiable factors to improve long-term outcome among kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we hypothesized that boron exposure is associated with improved long-term outcome in KTR.

Methods
We determined 24 h urinary boron excretion using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as a measure of boron exposure in 693 stable KTR (57% male, mean age 53y), enrolled in the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study. Dietary intake was assessed using validated food-frequency questionnaires.

Results
Linear regression analyses showed that dietary intake of fruit, wine and nuts were key determinants of boron excretion. In addition, boron excretion was negatively correlated with homocysteine and inflammatory parameters. In total, 73 (32%), 47 (20%) and 30 (13%) KTR died among the lowest, middle and highest tertiles of 24 h urinary boron excretion, respectively (Plog-rank < 0.001). Cox regression analyses showed that high boron excretion was strongly associated with lower risk of mortality, independent of age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate and history of cardiovascular disease (HR per doubling: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.66, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Boron may be an overlooked target to improve long-term survival among KTR and potentially other patients, likely through pathways other than inflammation or the methionine-homocysteine cycle that were previously suggested. Interventional trials are warranted to confirm the potential of dietary boron supplementation in KTR and other patient populations.
Elongational viscosity and brittle fracture of bidisperse blends of a high and several low molar mass polystyrenes
Authors: Wagner Manfred H. , Narimissa Esmaeil , Shahid Taisir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElongational viscosity data of four well-characterized blends consisting of 10% mass fraction of monodisperse polystyrene PS-820k (molar mass of 820 kg/mol) and 90% matrix polystyrenes with a molar mass of 8.8, 23, 34, and 73 kg/mol, respectively, as reported by Shahid et al. Macromolecules 52: 2521–2530, 2019 are analyzed by the extended interchain pressure (EIP) model including the effects of finite chain extensibility and filament rupture. Except for the linear-viscoelastic contribution of the matrix, the elongational viscosity of the blends is mainly determined by the high molar mass component PS-820k at elongation rates when no stretching of the lower molar mass matrix chains is expected. The stretching of the long chains is shown to be widely independent of the molar mass of the matrix reaching from non-entangled oligomeric styrene (8.8 kg/mol) to well-entangled polystyrene (73kg/mol). Quantitative agreement between data and model can be obtained when taking the interaction of the long chains of PS-820k with the shorter matrix chains of PS-23k, PS-34k, and PS-73k into account. The interaction of long and short chains leads to additional entanglements along the long chains of PS-820k, which slow down relaxation of the long chains, as clearly seen in the linear-viscoelastic behavior. According to the EIP model, an increased number of entanglements also lead to enhanced interchain pressure, which limits maximal stretch. The reduced maximal stretch of the long chains due to entanglements of long chains with shorter matrix chains is quantified by introducing an effective polymer fraction of the long chains, which increases with the increasing length of the matrix chains resulting in the excellent agreement of experimental data and model predictions.
Machine-learning-based top-view safety monitoring of ground workforce on complex industrial sites
Authors: Golcarenarenji Gelayol , Martinez-Alpiste Ignacio , Wang Qi , Alcaraz-Calero Jose Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTelescopic cranes are powerful lifting facilities employed in construction, transportation, manufacturing and other industries. Since the ground workforce cannot be aware of their surrounding environment during the current crane operations in busy and complex sites, accidents and even fatalities are not avoidable. Hence, deploying an automatic and accurate top-view human detection solution would make significant improvements to the health and safety of the workforce on such industrial operational sites. The proposed method (CraneNet) is a new machine learning empowered solution to increase the visibility of a crane operator in complex industrial operational environments while addressing the challenges of human detection from top-view on a resource-constrained small-form PC to meet the space constraint in the operator’s cabin. CraneNet consists of 4 modified ResBlock-D modules to fulfill the real-time requirements. To increase the accuracy of small humans at high altitudes which is crucial for this use-case, a PAN (Path Aggregation Network) was designed and added to the architecture. This enhances the structure of CraneNet by adding a bottom-up path to spread the low-level information. Furthermore, three output layers were employed in CraneNet to further improve the accuracy of small objects. Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) was integrated at the end of the backbone stage which increases the receptive field of the backbone, thereby increasing the accuracy. The CraneNet has achieved 92.59% of accuracy at 19 FPS on a portable device. The proposed machine learning model has been trained with the Standford Drone Dataset and Visdrone 2019 to further show the efficacy of the smart crane approach. Consequently, the proposed system is able to detect people in complex industrial operational areas from a distance up to 50 meters between the camera and the person. This system is also applicable to the detection of any other objects from an overhead camera.
A fuzzy logic-based approach for evaluating forest ecosystem service provision and biodiversity applied to a case study landscape in Southern Germany
Authors: Biber Peter , Schwaiger Fabian , Poschenrieder Werner , Pretzsch Hans 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the field of assessing forest ecosystem service provision and biodiversity, there seems to be a gap between an existing large body of valuable expert knowledge and its application. We propose fuzzy logic evaluation systems as a contribution to closing that gap. With this method-focused pilot study, we explored the potential of fuzzy logic for assessing the provision of different ecosystem services in a simulation case study, covering a large forest landscape in Southern Germany. Based on expert knowledge and available literature, we designed a fuzzy logic evaluation system for biodiversity, and the ecosystem services balanced wood production, storm and bark beetle damage resistance, and recreation value. This evaluation system was applied to 100-year simulation outcomes for three contrasting forest management scenarios in the landscape of interest. While the results of the case study in general support the idea of a multifunctional forest management, fuzzy logic turned out pronouncedly useful as a method. This is due to its potential to make otherwise unused expert knowledge applicable and transparent in a formal evaluation process. Based on our results, we discuss the approach related to its potential for interdisciplinary integration of knowledge, for revealing tradeoffs and synergies, and participative planning processes.
Communicating climate change findings from IPCC reports: insights from outreach events in India
Authors: Pathak Minal , Roy Joyashree , Patel Shaurya , Some Shreya , Vyas Purvi , Das Nandini , Shukla Priyadarshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been collaborating with Indian institutions to organise outreach events. This essay draws on the perspective of participants, speakers and organisers of 17 in-person outreach events conducted across India in 2018 and 2020, to share insights and recommendations for future IPCC events in India and other developing country contexts. The formats analysed in this essay range from panel events with very large public audiences to more focused workshops, meetings and seminars. Target audiences covered both academic and non-academic audiences and included researchers, teachers, students, industry and NGOs. The events, while achieving their main objective of communicating the findings of IPCC reports, also provided a platform for open discussion of localised climate impacts and good practices in adaptation and mitigation. There are, however, notable challenges to public outreach in India, specifically in terms of attracting an adequate number of participants, experts’ availability, communicating to a diverse audience and translation into local languages. The biggest challenge faced by speakers was a lack of knowledge about the number of attendees and the composition of the audience prior to an event. It is our recommendation that future outreach events in India are designed to be interactive, tailored to the regional context and complemented by simplified communication materials. Speakers should be provided with audience information and background prior to the event, and greater reach into rural areas, including school children, could be achieved with material in local languages. Additionally, event organisers often require logistical and operational support to host outreach events.
The Soul of Therapy: The Therapist’s Use of Self in the Therapeutic Relationship
Authors: Aponte Harry Joseph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is based on the premises that the conscious, active and purposeful use of self by the therapist in the therapeutic process is an essential aptitude in establishing an effective therapeutic relationship, and that this therapeutically purposeful use of self can and should be incorporated in the training of all therapists in a explicitly systematic manner. The paper will attempt to identify the contributions of the “what and how” the use of self by therapists contributes to the therapeutic process. First of all, therapists’ use of self is meant to be viewed as a Common Factor as defined by Sprenkle, Davis & Lebow (2009), which is a perspective about the effectiveness of therapy that “asserts that the qualities and capabilities of the person offering the treatment are more important than the treatment itself” (p. 4). Secondly, the use of self by therapists emphasizes developing the skill set of the therapist in the conscious, active and purposeful use of self as is in the moment of the therapeutic engagement with clients, and does so without denying the importance of therapists working to resolve personal issues of theirs that may interfere with the therapist's professional effectiveness. Therapists’ use of self gives particular emphasis to the purposeful use of self as is in therapy’s relationship, assessment and interventions whatever the therapy model (Aponte & Kissil, 2016). Thirdly, the use of self represents an aptitude that can be developed and refined through well elaborated structures for schooling therapists in the therapeutic use of all they bring of their personal selves to the therapy relationship including through the use of their human vulnerabilities as they exist at the moment of empathic engagement with clients.
Rapid emergence of boscalid resistance in Swedish populations of Alternaria solani revealed by a combination of field and laboratory experiments
Authors: Mostafanezhad Hadis , Edin Eva , Grenville-Briggs Laura J. , Lankinen Åsa , Liljeroth Erland 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is a common potato disease worldwide. Reduced field efficacy of the fungicide boscalid against this disease has been reported in several countries. Boscalid resistance has been mostly studied with in-vitro and/or greenhouse experiments. Field studies validating this phenomenon are largely missing. Here, for the first time in Scandinavia, we validated boscalid resistance in a Swedish population of A. solani both in the field and in the laboratory. Field trials between 2014 and 2017 in Nymö showed significant efficacy reduction by year. The target regions of the A. solani genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase subunits (Sdh) B, C and D of samples collected from Nymö, and additional fields in south-eastern and central Sweden, were analysed for substitutions associated with loss of boscalid sensitivity. In 2014, the SdhC-H134R mutation was found at several sites at a low frequency, while, in 2017, the majority of the samples had either the SdhB-H278Y or the SdhC-H134R substitution. No mutations were detected in the gene encoding the SdhD subunit. Spore germination tests showed a high sensitivity (EC50 < 1 μg mL−1) of isolates lacking the substitutions. This was supported by a significant decrease in their radial growth rate, from 0.1 to 10 μg mL−1 boscalid. However, the mutated isolates had EC50 > 100 μg mL−1 and their growth rates hardly decreased at concentrations above 1–10 μg mL−1. These results add to the current knowledge of fungicide resistance development in field and indicate that early blight management in southeast Sweden should no longer rely on boscalid.
GitHub Discussions: An exploratory study of early adoption
Authors: Hata Hideaki , Novielli Nicole , Baltes Sebastian , Kula Raula Gaikovina , Treude Christoph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiscussions is a new feature of GitHub for asking questions or discussing topics outside of specific Issues or Pull Requests. Before being available to all projects in December 2020, it had been tested on selected open source software projects. To understand how developers use this novel feature, how they perceive it, and how it impacts the development processes, we conducted a mixed-methods study based on early adopters of GitHub discussions from January until July 2020. We found that: (1) errors, unexpected behavior, and code reviews are prevalent discussion categories; (2) there is a positive relationship between project member involvement and discussion frequency; (3) developers consider GitHub Discussions useful but face the problem of topic duplication between Discussions and Issues; (4) Discussions play a crucial role in advancing the development of projects; and (5) positive sentiment in Discussions is more frequent than in Stack Overflow posts. Our findings are a first step towards data-informed guidance for using GitHub Discussions, opening up avenues for future work on this novel communication channel.