bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gender Gap in Workplace Authority: Variation across Types of Authority Positions
Authors: Stojmenovska Dragana , Steinmetz Stephanie , Volker Beate 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe finding that men are disproportionately represented in positions of workplace authority to an extent that cannot be explained by human capital attributes and location within the structure of the economy is well documented. Arguing that different authority positions are differentially gendered, this article tests a more refined hypothesis: that the gender gap in authority is larger in positions that are relatively seen as more suitable for men. We distinguish authority positions by the amount of authority and the gender-typed control over resources they involve, hypothesizing a larger gender gap in positions with larger proportions of supervisory, as opposed to nonsupervisory tasks, and in positions with control over organizational, as opposed to human, resources. Our findings, based on Dutch linked survey and administrative data from about 32,000 employees who have started their careers between 1999 and 2016, largely support these ideas. We find an overall larger gender gap in positions with largely supervisory tasks as opposed to positions with only some supervisory tasks. Additionally, the authority gender gap is the largest in largely supervisory positions with control over organizational resources and smallest in positions with control over human resources. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Can digital communication technology reduce health system personnel time? An evaluation of personnel requirements and costs in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wagner Nicole M , Ritzwoller Debra P , Raebel Marsha A , Goodrich Glenn K , Cvietusa Peter J , King Diane K , Shoup Jo Ann , Bender Bruce G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Use of digital communication technologies (DCT) shows promise for enhancing outcomes and efficiencies in asthma care management. However, little is known about the impact of DCT interventions on healthcare personnel requirements and costs, thus making it difficult for providers and health systems to understand the value of these interventions.
This study evaluated the differences in healthcare personnel requirements and costs between usual asthma care (UC) and a DCT intervention (Breathewell) aimed at maintaining guidelines-based asthma care while reducing health care staffing requirements. We used data from a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial conducted in a large integrated health system involving 14,978 patients diagnosed with asthma. To evaluate differences in staffing requirements and cost between Breathewell and UC needed to deliver guideline-based care we used electronic health record (EHR) events, provider time tracking surveys, and invoicing. Differences in cost were reported at the patient and health system level. The Breathewell intervention significantly reduced personnel requirements with a larger percentage of participants requiring no personnel time (45% vs. 5%, p &lt; .001) and smaller percentage of participants requiring follow-up outreach (44% vs. 68%, p &lt; .001). Extrapolated to the total health system, cost for the Breathewell intervention was $16,278 less than usual care. The intervention became cost savings at a sample size of at least 957 patients diagnosed with asthma. At the population level, using DCT to compliment current asthma care practice presents an opportunity to reduce healthcare personnel requirements while maintaining population-based asthma control measures.
Staying physically active during the COVID-19 quarantine: exploring the feasibility of live, online, group training sessions among older adults
Authors: Schwartz Hadar , Har-Nir Itai , Wenhoda Tamar , Halperin Israel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has led to recurring quarantines resulting in drastic reductions in physical activity (PA) levels. Given its health benefits, there is a need to explore strategies to increase PA rates during this period. Video-conferencing platforms can be used to deliver live, online, group PA sessions. However, there are only few established PA protocols on how to use such platforms. Hence, the purposes of this study were to (a) design an online PA protocol and (b) explore its feasibility among older adults during a quarantine. A group of exercise specialists developed a PA protocol while accounting for challenges that may arise when using a video-conferencing platform (“Zoom”). A special focus was placed on safety, individualization, and motivational aspects. Then, 31 community dwelling older adults (71.5 ± 4 years) were recruited via social media to follow this protocol twice a week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included adverse events, adherence rates, and satisfaction with the protocol, its delivery, and technological aspects. Twenty-eight participants completed the protocol. No adverse events occurred, and adherence rates were high (90%). Most participants (97%) indicated they would participate in such a program in the future and highly rated all aspects of the protocol (median score &gt;6 in 1–7 Likert scales). The PA protocol delivered live via a video-conferencing platform was found to be safe and feasible with this cohort. It can therefore be implemented in practice, and in future studies planning to utilize home-based PA sessions for older adults.
Patient and Procedural Determinants of Postoperative Pain Trajectories
Authors: Vasilopoulos Terrie , Wardhan Richa , Rashidi Parisa , Fillingim Roger B. , Wallace Margaret R. , Crispen Paul L. , Parvataneni Hari K. , Prieto Hernan A. , Machuca Tiago N. , Hughes Steven J. , Murad Gregory J. A. , Tighe Patrick J. 
Published: January 2021

Background
The primary goal of this study was to evaluate patterns in acute postoperative pain in a mixed surgical patient cohort with the hypothesis that there would be heterogeneity in these patterns.

Methods
This study included 360 patients from a mixed surgical cohort whose pain was measured across postoperative days 1 through 7. Pain was characterized using the Brief Pain Inventory. Primary analysis used group-based trajectory modeling to estimate trajectories/patterns of postoperative pain. Secondary analysis examined associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral patient factors and pain trajectories.

Results
Five distinct postoperative pain trajectories were identified. Many patients (167 of 360, 46%) were in the moderate-to-high pain group, followed by the moderate-to-low (88 of 360, 24%), high (58 of 360, 17%), low (25 of 360, 7%), and decreasing (21 of 360, 6%) pain groups. Lower age (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.99), female sex (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.49 to 15.6), higher anxiety (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.14), and more pain behaviors (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18) were related to increased likelihood of being in the high pain trajectory in multivariable analysis. Preoperative and intraoperative opioids were not associated with postoperative pain trajectories. Pain trajectory group was, however, associated with postoperative opioid use (P < 0.001), with the high pain group (249.5 oral morphine milligram equivalents) requiring four times more opioids than the low pain group (60.0 oral morphine milligram equivalents).

Conclusions
There are multiple distinct acute postoperative pain intensity trajectories, with 63% of patients reporting stable and sustained high or moderate-to-high pain over the first 7 days after surgery. These postoperative pain trajectories were predominantly defined by patient factors and not surgical factors.

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Three Cases of Clear Cell Hidradenoma With “Benign” Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: Gonzalez-Lopez Guillermo , Garrido-Ruiz Maria C. , Rios-Martin Juan J. , Rodriguez-Peralto Jose L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract:
The malignant counterpart of cutaneous clear cell hidradenoma (CCH), hidradenocarcinoma, is an aggressive neoplasm that may have a fatal outcome. However, some cases of benign looking CCH with isolated lymph node involvement and excellent prognosis have been described. “CCH-like neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential” or “atypical hidradenoma” have been proposed as designations for these lesions. We report 3 cases of CCH with lymph node involvement. Ages ranged from 29 to 51 years old. All cases involved the inguinal lymph nodes: 2 of them presented with an isolated lymph node lesion, and the third case had lymph node and cutaneous involvement following the resection of a previous cutaneous lesion. Imaging studies showed no systemic involvement. None of the lesions exhibited histopathologic features of malignancy. All neoplasms were well circumscribed, had cystic spaces, did not display atypia or necrosis, and had less than 4 mitoses per high power field. No recurrence has been observed at follow-up after resection in all cases. All published cases of CCH with lymph node involvement so far affected a single lymph node in the axillary or inguinal regions, lacked features of malignancy, and had excellent long-term prognosis. Some cases previously reported as hidradenocarcinoma probably fit into this category. Our series adds more evidence to this rare phenomenon of “benign metastasis.” Aggressive treatment should be avoided in these cases, and a long-term follow-up is warranted.
Analysis of 200,000 exome-sequenced UK Biobank subjects fails to identify genes influencing probability of developing a mood disorder resulting in psychiatric referral
Authors: Curtis David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundDepression is moderately heritable but there is no common genetic variant which has a major effect on susceptibility. A previous analysis of 50,000 subjects failed to implicate any genes or sets of genes associated with risk of affective disorder requiring specialist treatment. A large exome-sequenced dataset is now available.MethodsData from 200,632 exome-sequenced UK Biobank participants was analysed. Subjects were treated as cases if they had reported having seen a psychiatrist for “nerves, anxiety, tension or depression”. Gene-wise weighted burden analysis was performed to see if there were any genes or sets of genes for which there was an excess of rare, functional variants in cases.ResultsThere were 22,886 cases and 176,486 controls. There were 22,642 informative genes but no gene or gene set produced a statistically significant result after correction for multiple testing. None of the genes or gene sets with the lowest p values appeared to be a biologically plausible candidate.LimitationsThe phenotype is based on self-report and the cases are likely to somewhat heterogeneous. Likewise, it is expected that some of the subjects classed as controls will in fact have suffered from depression or some other psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsThe results conform exactly with the expectation under the null hypothesis. It seems unlikely that the use of common, poorly defined phenotypes will produce useful advances in understanding genetic contributions to affective disorder and it might be preferable to focus instead on obtaining large exome-sequenced samples of conditions such as bipolar 1 disorder and severe, recurrent depression.
A mixture of essential oils from three Cretan Aromatic Plants (thyme, Greek sage and Cretan dittany, CAPeo) inhibits SASR-CoV-2 proliferation:in vitroevidence and a Proof-of-Concept intervention study in mild ambulatory COVID-19-positive patients
Authors: Lionis Christos , Karakasiliotis Ioannis , Petelos Elena , Linardakis Manolis , Diamantakis Athanasios , Symvoulakis Emmanouil , Panopoulou Maria , Kampa Marilena , Pirintsos Stergios A. , Sourvinos George , Castanas Elias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe need for therapeutic regimens for the non-critically ill patients of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unmet. In this line, repurposing existing drugs, against known or predicted SARS-CoV-2 protein actions, has been advanced, while natural products have also been tested. Previous work has shown that a Cretan Aromatic Plant (Thymbra capitata(L.) Cav.,Salvia fruticosaMill. andOriganum dictamnusL.) essential oil mixture (CAPeo) has a remarkablein vitroantiviral activity against Influenza A & B and Rhinovirus 14 strains, decreasing the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, while proven safe in experimental animals and humans. Here, we tested CAPeo in VERO cells infected with SASR-CoV-2. We report that this mixture, at similar concentrations as those previously reported, exhibits a remarkable antiviral activity. Administration of 1 ml of a 1.5% CAPeo in olive oil, in a Proof-of-Concept intervention study in SARS-CoV-2-positive, exhibiting mild COVID-19 symptoms, humans resulted in a significant amelioration of general and local symptoms of the disease. We conclude that CAPeo may be a valuable addition for the prevention and/or treatment of mild COVID-19 ambulatory patients, pending a confirmation through a prospective randomized controlled trial in humans (NCT04705753).
Simple Linear Cancer Risk Prediction Models with Novel Features Outperform Complex Approaches
Authors: Kulm Scott , Kofman Lior , Mezey Jason , Elemento Olivier 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTA patient’s risk for cancer is usually estimated through simple linear models that sum effect sizes of proven risk factors. In theory, more advanced machine learning models can be used for the same task. Using data from the UK Biobank, a large prospective health study, we have developed linear and machine learning models for the prediction of 12 different cancers diagnoses within a 10 year time span. We find that the top machine learning algorithm, XGBoost (XGB), trained on 707 features generated an average area under the receiver operator curve of 0.736 (with a range of 0.65-0.85). Linear models trained with only 10 features were found to be statistically indifferent from the machine learning performance. The linear models were significantly more accurate than the prominent QCancer models (p = 0.0019), which are trained on 45 million patient records and available to over 4,000 United Kingdom general practices. The increase in accuracy may be caused by the consideration of often omitted feature types, including survey answers, census records, and genetic information. This approach led to the discovery of significant novel risk features, including self-reported happiness with own health (relevant to 12 cancers), measured testosterone (relevant to 8 cancers), and ICD codes for rehabilitation procedures (relevant to 3 cancers). These ten feature models can be easily implemented within the clinic, allowing for personalized screening schedules that may increase the cancer survival within a population.
Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on the Mental Health and Physical Activity of Pharmacy Students at the University of Zambia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mudenda Steward , Mukosha Moses , Mwila Chiluba , Saleem Zikria , Kalungia Aubrey Chichoni , Munkombwe Derick , Daka Victor , Witika Bwalya Angel , Kampamba Martin , Chileshe Misheck , Hikaambo Christabel , Kasanga Maisa , Mufwambi Webrod , Mfune Ruth Lindizyani , Matafwali Scott Kaba , Bwalya Angela Gono , Banda David Chimbizgani , Gupta Akash , Phiri Maureen Nkandu , Kazonga Eustarckio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students.MethodsWe conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05).ResultsA response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activity 45.4% time. Factors that affected mental health included; reduced family care (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.09-4.74), not changing attention to mental health (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.62), being in the final year of study (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84), reduced time of resting (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.50) and feeling helpless (OR: 0.42; 95% CI:0.23-0.75).ConclusionCOVID-19 negatively impacted the mental health and physical activity of pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. This can have negative health and academic outcomes for students going forward. Higher learning institutions and key stakeholders should implement measures to aid students to recover from the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and physical activity.
The 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in England: key epidemiological drivers and impact of interventions
Authors: Knock Edward S. , Whittles Lilith K. , Lees John A. , Perez-Guzman Pablo N. , Verity Robert , FitzJohn Richard G. , Gaythorpe Katy AM , Imai Natsuko , Hinsley Wes , Okell Lucy C. , Rosello Alicia , Kantas Nikolas , Walters Caroline E. , Bhatia Sangeeta , Watson Oliver J , Whittaker Charlie , Cattarino Lorenzo , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Djaafara Bimandra A. , Fraser Keith , Fu Han , Wang Haowei , Xi Xiaoyue , Donnelly Christl A. , Jauneikaite Elita , Laydon Daniel J. , White Peter J , Ghani Azra C. , Ferguson Neil M. , Cori Anne , Baguelin Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe fitted a model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in care homes and the community to regional surveillance data for England. Among control measures implemented, only national lockdown brought the reproduction number below 1 consistently; introduced one week earlier it could have reduced first wave deaths from 36,700 to 15,700 (95%CrI: 8,900–26,800). Improved clinical care reduced the infection fatality ratio from 1.25% (95%CrI: 1.18%–1.33%) to 0.77% (95%CrI: 0.71%–0.84%). The infection fatality ratio was higher in the elderly residing in care homes (35.9%, 95%CrI: 29.1%–43.4%) than those residing in the community (10.4%, 95%CrI: 9.1%–11.5%). England is still far from herd immunity, with regional cumulative infection incidence to 1st December 2020 between 4.8% (95%CrI: 4.4%–5.1%) and 15.4% (95%CrI: 14.9%–15.9%) of the population.One-sentence summaryWe fit a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to surveillance data from England, to estimate transmissibility, severity, and the impact of interventions
Emergence and Evolution of Big Data Science in HIV Research: Bibliometric Analysis of Federally Sponsored Studies 2000-2019
Authors: Liang Chen , Qiao Shan , Olatosi Bankole , Lyu Tianchu , Li Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe rapid growth of inherently complex and heterogeneous data in HIV/AIDS research underscores the importance of Big Data Science. Recently, there have been increasing uptakes of Big Data techniques in basic, clinical, and public health fields of HIV/AIDS research. However, no studies have systematically elaborated on the evolving applications of Big Data in HIV/AIDS research. We sought to explore the emergence and evolution of Big Data Science in HIV/AIDS-related publications that were funded by the US federal agencies.MethodsWe identified HIV/AIDS and Big Data related publications that were funded by seven federal agencies from 2000 to 2019 by integrating data from National Institutes of Health (NIH) ExPORTER, MEDLINE, and MeSH. Building on bibliometrics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, we constructed co-occurrence networks using bibliographic metadata (e.g., countries, institutes, MeSH terms, and keywords) of the retrieved publications. We then detected clusters among the networks as well as the temporal dynamics of clusters, followed by expert evaluation and clinical implications.ResultsWe harnessed nearly 600 thousand publications related to HIV/AIDS, of which 19,528 publications relating to Big Data were included in bibliometric analysis. Results showed that (1) the number of Big Data publications has been increasing since 2000, (2) US institutes have been in close collaborations with China, Canada, and Germany, (3) some institutes (e.g., University of California system, MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Harvard Medical School) are among the most productive institutes and started using Big Data in HIV/AIDS research early, (4) Big Data research was not active in public health disciplines until 2015, (5) research topics such as genomics, HIV comorbidities, population-based studies, Electronic Health Records (EHR), social media, precision medicine, and methodologies such as machine learning, Deep Learning, radiomics, and data mining emerge quickly in recent years.ConclusionsWe identified a rapid growth in the cross-disciplinary research of HIV/AIDS and Big Data over the past two decades. Our findings demonstrated patterns and trends of prevailing research topics and Big Data applications in HIV/AIDS research and suggested a number of fast-evolving areas of Big Data Science in HIV/AIDS research including secondary analysis of EHR, machine learning, Deep Learning, predictive analysis, and NLP.
A rising burden of adolescents obesity of age group 13-17 years among tribal population of central India: a community-based exploratory study
Authors: Shukla Nikhil , Chourasia Prabal Kumar , Jain Somit Kumar , Rajendrakumar Aravind Lathika , Nair Anand Thakarakkattil Narayanan , Nangia Charvi , Chourasia Mehul Kumar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundUpsurge of adolescent obesity is an upcoming national public health concern. Obese adolescents are at significant risk of becoming obese adults and its co-morbidities. This study estimates the prevalence of adolescent obesity and explore the potential determinants among young adults residing in tribal populated villages of Chhattisgarh, India.MethodsA community-based nutritional survey was carried out among adolescent of the age group of 13-17 years.ResultsAmong 1,296 participants, 23.4 % of young adults were either overweight or obese. Higher family earnings (Odds ratio [OR], 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-6.38), Skipping breakfast (3.09, 1.11-8.30), Television viewing > 2 hours/ day (2.16, 1.3-6.2), Energy intake (2.98, 1.19-15.6), significantly increased the risk of adolescent obesity.ConclusionPrevalence of adolescence obesity among the tribes is alarming and needs to be tackled with health system measures. Future research may require assessing the trajectory of obesity and related comorbidities in a tribal population.
Mitigation of COVID-19 using social distancing of the elderly in Brazil: The vertical quarantine effects in hospitalizations and deaths
Authors: Venturieri Vito Ribeiro , Gonçalves Matheus Silva , Fuck Vinícius Rios 
Published: January 2021

SummaryGovernments and epidemiologists have been proposing several mitigation strategies based on non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. In this work, we quantitatively compare the effects of elderly population (60 years old or more) selective isolation with a no isolation scenario using an adapted Susceptible - Exposed - Infectious - Removed (SEIR) compartmental model. For these simulated scenarios, we estimate the number of hospitalizations and deaths for different Brazilian cities, including those due to the lack of hospital beds. Our simulations show that, for São Paulo City, the isolation of the elderly would reduce demand for hospital beds by 9% and deaths by 16% compared to the no intervention scenario. Other Brazilian cities follow the same pattern, with median reductions of deaths ranging from 12-18%. We conclude that the social distancing of the elderly would be marginally effective and would not avoid health system collapse in several Brazilian cities.