bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syllabic Diadochokinesis in Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury: Severity, Stability, and Speech Considerations
Authors: Solomon Nancy Pearl , Brungart Douglas S. , Wince Jessica R. , Abramowitz Jordan C. , Eitel Megan M. , Cohen Julie , Lippa Sara M. , Brickell Tracey A. , French Louis M. , Lange Rael T. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeSyllabic diadochokinesis (DDK) is a standard assessment task for motor speech disorders. This study aimed to compare rate and regularity of DDK according to the presence or absence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and severity of TBI, examine the stability of DDK over time, and explore associations between DDK and extemporaneous speech.MethodMilitary service members and veterans were categorized into three groups: no history of TBI (control), uncomplicated mild TBI (mTBI), and moderate through severe (including penetrating) TBI (msTBI). Participants produced rapid alternating-motion and sequential-motion syllable repetitions during one or two sessions. A semi-automated protocol determined syllabic rate and regularity. Perceptual ratings of selected participants' connected speech samples were compared to DDK results.ResultsTwo hundred sixty-three service members and veterans provided data from one session and 69 from two sessions separated by 1.9 years (SD= 1.0). DDKs were significantly slower overall for mTBI and msTBI groups compared to controls. Regularity of productions did not differ significantly across groups. A significant Group × Task interaction revealed that the msTBI group produced sequential-motion syllable repetitions but not alternating-motion repetitions with greater regularity, whereas the opposite occurred for control and mTBI groups. DDK results did not differ significantly between sessions. Perceptual speech analysis for 30 participants, including 20 with atypical or questionable DDK performance, revealed two participants with mildly abnormal speech.ConclusionsOverall, DDK productions are slower than normal in adults with moderate, severe, and penetrating TBI and are stable over time. Regularity of productions did not differentiate groups, although this result differed according to task. There were surprisingly few people identified with disordered speech, making comparisons to DDK data tenuous, and indicating that dysarthria is a rare complication in a population of adults with mostly uncomplicated mTBI who are not selected from referrals to a speech-language pathology clinic.
Cognitive Flexibility and Effortful Control in School-Age Children With and Without Stuttering Disorders
Authors: Eichorn Naomi , Pirutinsky Steven 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This study compared attention control and flexibility in school-age children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) based on their performance on a behavioral task and parent report. We used a classic attention-shifting paradigm that included manipulations of task goals and timing to test effects of varying demands for flexibility on switching accuracy and speed. We also examined associations between task performance, group, and relevant aspects of temperament.

Method
Participants included 33 children (15 CWS, 18 CWNS) between 8 and 11 years of age. Children sorted stimuli that differed on two dimensions (color and shape) based on sorting rules that varied from block to block or trial to trial. Timing manipulations included intervals of 200-, 600-, or 1,200-ms durations for critical trial components. Temperament data were obtained via the Children's Behavior Questionnaire.

Results
All children showed expected performance costs in response to block and trial manipulations; however, CWS were more affected by task conditions that increased demands for cognitive flexibility. Effects of interval durations also differed by group. Factor scores on the Children's Behavior Questionnaire indicated differences in effortful control between groups; however, this aspect of temperament did not mediate between-groups differences in switching performance.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that stuttering continues to be associated with differences in attention control and flexibility beyond the preschool years. Further research is needed to clarify how these cognitive processes shape the development of stuttering throughout childhood.
Speech Metrics and Samples That Differentiate Between Nonfluent/Agrammatic and Logopenic Variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam , Jarrett Jordan , Ray Taylor , Cunningham Kevin T. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Henry Maya L. 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
Of the three currently recognized variants of primary progressive aphasia, behavioral differentiation between the nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA) and logopenic (lvPPA) variants is particularly difficult. The challenge includes uncertainty regarding diagnosis of apraxia of speech, which is subsumed within criteria for variant classification. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which a variety of speech articulation and prosody metrics for apraxia of speech differentiate between nfvPPA and lvPPA across diverse speech samples.

Method
The study involved 25 participants with progressive aphasia (10 with nfvPPA, 10 with lvPPA, and five with the semantic variant). Speech samples included a word repetition task, a picture description task, and a story narrative task. We completed acoustic analyses of temporal prosody and quantitative perceptual analyses based on narrow phonetic transcription and then evaluated the degree of differentiation between nfvPPA and lvPPA participants (with the semantic variant serving as a reference point for minimal speech production impairment).

Results
Most, but not all, articulatory and prosodic metrics differentiated statistically between the nfvPPA and lvPPA groups. Measures of distortion frequency, syllable duration, syllable scanning, and—to a limited extent—syllable stress and phonemic accuracy showed greater impairment in the nfvPPA group. Contrary to expectations, classification was most accurate in connected speech samples. A customized connected speech metric—the narrative syllable duration—yielded excellent to perfect classification accuracy.

Discussion
Measures of average syllable duration in multisyllabic utterances are useful diagnostic tools for differentiating between nfvPPA and lvPPA, particularly when based on connected speech samples. As such, they are suitable candidates for automatization, large-scale study, and application to clinical practice. The observation that both speech rate and distortion frequency differentiated more effectively in connected speech than on a motor speech examination suggests that it will be important to evaluate interactions between speech and discourse production in future research.
Performance analysis of power splitting SWIPT‐enabled full duplex cooperative NOMA system with direct link
Authors: V Aswathi , AV Babu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper considers a full duplex (FD) cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access system that employs power splitting relaying (PSR)‐based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) technique, that is, FD‐PSR‐NOMA system. A single cell network is considered consisting of a base station (BS) and two pre‐paired users, where the near user is configured to act as FD relay to assist the BS for information delivery to the far user. It is assumed that the far user implements maximal ratio combining to combine the direct link signal arriving from the BS and the relayed signal from the near user, to exploit the diversity advantage. Analytical expressions are derived for the outage probabilities of the downlink users, system outage probability, and the throughput of the considered network under imperfect successive interference cancellation (i‐SIC). Analytical expressions are also derived for the outage probabilities and throughput of half duplex (HD) cooperative NOMA system under PSR‐based SWIPT, that is, HD‐PSR‐NOMA system. Further, the asymptotic outage probabilities and diversity orders are derived as well. The optimal power allocation factors at the BS that minimize the system outage probabilities of FD/HD‐PSR‐NOMA networks are determined. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the analytical findings.
Learning near‐optimal broadcasting intervals in decentralized multi‐agent systems using online least‐square policy iteration
Authors: Palunko Ivana , Tolić Domagoj , Prkačin Vicko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHere, agents learn how often to exchange information with neighbours in cooperative multi‐agent systems (MASs) such that their linear quadratic regulator (LQR)‐like performance indices are minimized. The investigated LQR‐like cost functions capture trade‐offs between the energy consumption of each agent and MAS local control performance in the presence of exogenous disturbances, delayed and noisy data. Agent energy consumption is critical for prolonging the MAS mission and is composed of both control (e.g. acceleration, velocity) and communication efforts. Taking provably stabilizing upper bounds on broadcasting intervals as optimization constraints, an online off‐policy model‐free learning algorithm based on least square policy iteration (LSPI) to minimize the cost function of each agent is employed. Consequently, the obtained broadcasting intervals adapt to the most recent information (e.g. delayed and noisy agents' inputs and/or outputs) received from neighbours whilst provably stabilize the MAS. Chebyshev polynomials are utilized as the approximator in the LSPI whereas Kalman filtering handles sampled, corrupted, and delayed data. Subsequently, convergence and near‐optimality of our LSPI scheme are inspected. The proposed methodology is verified experimentally using an inexpensive motion capture system and nano quadrotors.
Finding the mechanism of wave energy flux damping in solar pores using numerical simulations
Authors: Riedl J. M. , Gilchrist-Millar C. A. , Van Doorsselaere T. , Jess D. B. , Grant S. D. T. 
Published: February 2021

Context. Solar magnetic pores are, due to their concentrated magnetic fields, suitable guides for magnetoacoustic waves. Recent observations have shown that propagating energy flux in pores is subject to strong damping with height; however, the reason is still unclear.
Aims. We investigate possible damping mechanisms numerically to explain the observations.
Methods. We performed 2D numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, starting from an equilibrium model of a single pore inspired by the observed properties. Energy was inserted into the bottom of the domain via different vertical drivers with a period of 30 s. Simulations were performed with both ideal MHD and non-ideal effects.
Results. While the analysis of the energy flux for ideal and non-ideal MHD simulations with a plane driver cannot reproduce the observed damping, the numerically predicted damping for a localized driver closely corresponds with the observations. The strong damping in simulations with localized driver was caused by two geometric effects, geometric spreading due to diverging field lines and lateral wave leakage.
Effects of fluorinated solvents on electrolyte solvation structures and electrode/electrolyte interphases for lithium metal batteries
Authors: Cao Xia , Gao Peiyuan , Ren Xiaodi , Zou Lianfeng , Engelhard Mark H. , Matthews Bethany E. , Hu Jiangtao , Niu Chaojiang , Liu Dianying , Arey Bruce W. , Wang Chongmin , Xiao Jie , Liu Jun , Xu Wu , Zhang Ji-Guang 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Lithium (Li) metal battery (LMB) is a very promising candidate for the next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, its practical applications have been impeded by the instability of metallic Li in the state-of-the-art carbonate electrolytes. Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) shed light for practical use of LMBs by generating stable, robust solid electrolyte interphase on Li. Here we investigate various types of fluorinated cosolvents as diluents for LHCEs to understand the correlation between the battery performance and the solvation structure and electrode/electrolyte interfacial chemistry. It clearly reveals that the diluent surrounding the highly concentrated salt-solvating solvent clusters accelerates/decelerates anion decomposition, tunes the properties of interphases, and subsequently influences the battery performance. These results can guide further development of advanced electrolytes for LMBs.
The poet’s wife
Authors: Ordóñez-López Pilar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, attempts have been made to unveil the role of women in the history of translation and have brought to light women’s contributions to translation, which had generally been overlooked in mainstream discourse on the history of translation. This study focuses on Zenobia Camprubí ’s (1887–1956) contribution to translation. Camprubí, the wife of the Spanish poet and Nobel laureate Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881–1958), translated literary and non-literary texts extensively from English into Spanish. In order to critically evaluate her impact as a translator, a thorough analysis is carried out, based on a mixed range of sources, such as newspapers, private correspondence, previous studies on Camprubí ’s work as a translator, and contemporary research on translation history. The results provide new insights regarding into the reception of Camprubí ’s translations at the time of publication (characterized by frequent comments with value judgments typically for women as well as unfounded questioning of her role as a translator), her unusual and distinctive (co-)translation method, and her presence in contemporary translation literature. Ultimately, this study reveals how, despite her undoubted commitment to translation, Camprubí never really stepped out of her husband’s shadow, which is, regrettably, the case of many other women translators.
Is interpreting of China’s political discourse becoming more target-oriented?
Authors: Pan Feng , Wang Binhua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Interpreting is an activity embedded in a particular socio-cultural context that underpins norms of interpreting. Adopting the descriptive translation studies approach, this study aims to find out whether the interpretation for the Chinese government by institutional interpreters is becoming more target-oriented in the decade of the 2010s in comparison with the 1990s. Through both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the Corpus of Interpreted Chinese Government Press Conferences in the 1990s and that of the 2010s, the study reveals that there is a significant increase in the total number of target-oriented shifts in the 2010s, manifested predominantly in “inserting hedges before propositional statements” and “modality shifts to attenuate ST’s categorical force.” Only minimal differences are found for the number of shifts in “explicitation of emphatic meanings,” “specification of Chinese source deictic lexis,” and “explicitation of implicit logic relations” between the two periods. The results thus indicate a general trend of becoming more target-oriented in interpreting, particularly a tendency to mitigate ST’s illocutionary force to a greater extent in the 2010s. Such changes in China’s institutional interpreting are correlated with the evolving socio-political context and the norms of institutional interpreting.
Comparison of physical activity levels among different sub-types of axial spondyloarthritis patients and healthy controls
Authors: Yuksel Karsli Tugce , Bayraktar Deniz , Ozer Kaya Derya , Oz Hande Ece , Gucenmez Sercan , Gercik Onay , Solmaz Dilek , Akar Servet 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to compare the physical activity levels among radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients, non-radiographic axSpA patients, and healthy controls and investigating the possible relationships between physical activity level and clinical features.

Methods
Thirty-four patients with radiographic axSpA (24 male), 33 patients with non-radiographic axSpA (23 male), and 35 age and sex-matched healthy controls (24 male) were included. The patients were assessed with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Physical activity was measured by using an accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT).

Results
Physical and disease-related characteristics were comparable between groups (p &gt; .05). Radiographic axSpA patients showed lesser physical activity compared to non-radiographic axSpA patients and healthy controls (p &lt; .05). No difference was detected between non-radiographic axSpA patients and healthy controls (p &gt; .05). Physical activity levels were correlated with different clinical features for each sub-type of axSpA. Decreased spinal mobility is the most correlated disease characteristic with lower physical activity level for both sub-types.

Conclusion
It seems that disease sub-type in axSpA may alter the physical activity levels. Increasing physical activity levels might need different approaches for different sub-types of axSpA.
Non-thermal plasma catalysis for CO2 conversion and catalyst design for the process
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Chen Huanhao , Hardacre Christopher , Fan Xiaolei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Catalytic conversion of CO2 to renewable chemicals and fuels is a promising approach to mitigate issues associated with climate change and energy supply deficiency. Hybrid non-thermal plasma (NTP) and catalysis systems, that is, NTP catalysis systems, enable the activation of stable CO2 molecules under relatively mild conditions in comparison with conventional thermal catalysis, and are promising for the energy-efficient conversion of CO2. This review presents the state-of-the-art development of NTP catalysis of CO2 conversion, including CO2 splitting and CO2 hydrogenation and reforming, with the focus on mechanistic insights developed forcatalytic CO2 conversion. Additionally, the role of intrinsic catalyst composition and structure in determining the selectivity of CO2 conversion under NTP conditions is also discussed in light of the need for rational design of catalysts for NTP catalysis. Finally, a perspective on future challenges and opportunities in the development of next-generation catalysts for NTP catalysis and the advanced hybrid NTP catalysis process for practical industrial applications are discussed.
Magnetic ground states of Ce3TiSb5, Pr3TiSb5 and Nd3TiSb5 determined by neutron powder diffraction and magnetic measurements
Authors: Ritter C , Pathak A K , Filippone R , Provino A , Dhar S K , Manfrinetti P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The R
3TiSb5 ternary compounds, with R a light rare earth (La to Sm) have been reported to crystallize with the anti-Hf5CuSn3-type hexagonal structure (Pearson’s symbol hP18; space-group P63/mcm, N. 193). An early article that reported possible superconductivity in some of these intermetallic phases (namely those with R = La, Ce, and Nd) caught our attention. In this work, we have now refined the crystal structure of the R
3TiSb5 compounds with R = Ce, Pr and Nd by Rietveld methods using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data. The magnetic ground states of these intermetallics have been investigated by low-temperature magnetization and high-intensity neutron diffraction. We find two different magnetic transitions corresponding to two related magnetic structures at T
N1 = 4.8 K (k
1 = [0, 1/2, 1/8]) and T
N2 = 3.4 K (k
2 = [0, 0, 1/8]), respectively for Ce3TiSb5. However, the magnetic ordering appears to occur following a peculiar hysteresis: the k
2-type magnetic structure develops only after the k
1-type phase fraction has first slowly ordered with time and the size of the ordered Ce3+ magnetic moment has become large enough to induce the second magnetic transition. At T = 1.5 K the maximum amplitude of the Ce moment in the coexisting phases amounts to μ
Ce = 2.15 μ
B. For Nd3TiSb5 an antiferromagnetic ordering below T
N = 5.2 K into a relatively simpler commensurate magnetic structure with a magnetic moment of μ
Nd = 2.14(3) μ
B and magnetic propagation vector of k = [0, 0, 0], was determined. No evidence of superconductivity has been found in Nd3TiSb5. Finally, Pr3TiSb5 does not show any ordering down to 1.5 K in neutron diffraction while an antiferromagnetic ground state is detected in magnetization measurements. There is no sign of magnetic contribution from Ti atoms found in any of the studied compounds.
Direct position determination with phase error compensation for multiple targets using spatial sparsity
Authors: Wu Min , Yan Shefeng , Liu Songyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Measuring the positions of multiple targets is key in many positioning applications. Utilizing compressed sensing theory, measurements using the sparse direct position determination (DPD) methods are more accurate than the two-step methods and the traditional DPD methods. Position measurement with mobile access points (APs) expands the network coverage, increases information throughput and reduces implementation costs, which motivates us to extend sparse DPD (SDPD) to the mobility-assisted positioning system. However, one of the most critical problems in mobility-assisted positioning is the model errors coming from the AP position and velocity uncertainty. The paper proposes a phase error compensation algorithm for the SDPD algorithm based on mobile APs. The algorithm makes two key technical contributions. First, a double iteration for

ℓ

2
,
1

-norm optimization is designed to compensate phase errors and recover target distribution maps simultaneously. Second, when the data collection is incomplete or irregular, the algorithm jointly integrates the global information of target distribution maps at different APs to improve the measurement accuracy. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The structural symmetry of nanoholes upon droplet epitaxy
Authors: Li Xinlei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nanoholes obtained by droplet epitaxy has been intensively investigated as an important material platform for the fabrication of nanodevices due to their unique topology. However, the final fabricated nanoholes are very difficult to achieve a highly symmetric circular structure, and usually have two or four gaps in the sidewall of the holes. Here we have presented a developed model to inquire into the reasons for the formation of the gaps at the periphery of nanoholes and discuss how to improve the structural symmetry of the nanoholes. It is found that the anisotropic interface diffusion of As atoms decomposed by substrate can result in the formation of the gaps. In order to improve the symmetry of final nanostructures, we can minimize the interval time between deposition of Ga droplets and open operation of As flux, and set up a multistep growth procedure by changing the intensity of As flux or growth temperature.
From nuclei to neutron stars: simple binding energy computer modelling in the classroom (part 1)
Authors: Pastore A , Romero A M , Diget C , Rios A , Leech K , Stokoe P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a simple activity based on the liquid-drop model which allows secondary school students to explore the uses of mathematical models and gain an intuitive understanding of the concept of binding energy, and in particular the significance of positive binding energy. Using spreadsheets provided as supplementary material, students can perform simple manipulations on the different coefficients of the model to understand the role of each of its five terms. Students can use the spreadsheets to determine model parameters by optimising the agreement with real atomic mass data. This activity can be used as the starting point of a discussion about theoretical models, their validation when it comes to describing experimental data and their predictive power towards unexplored regimes.