bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Contact Allergy towards Impression Compound Material
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Nor Syariza , Ahmad Tarmidzi Nor Azura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImpression compound has been introduced for more than 100 years. Since then, it has been widely used to obtain a preliminary impression of the edentulous arch. Although the use of impression compound has declined markedly over recent years as newer materials have become available, the cost-effectiveness and desirable physical and mechanical properties make this material indispensable in developing countries and teaching institutions. Its high viscosity characterizes impression compound as a mucocompressive impression material, which enables the full depth of the sulcus to be recorded for the retention of complete dentures. Literature reviews revealed that most contact allergies to impression materials are towards polyether, very few are towards alginate and polysulfide, and no reported cases have been found toward impression compound. This case report demonstrates a recent rare case of contact allergy towards impression compound during a routine impression taking for a fully edentulous arch in a 61-year-old woman. The patient developed symptoms of an allergic reaction, and the management of the condition was described.
Efimov-DNA phase diagram: Three stranded DNA on a cubic lattice
Authors: Bhattacharjee Somendra M. , Foster Damien Paul 
Published: August 2021

We define a generalized model for three-stranded DNA consisting of two chains of one type and a third chain of a different type. The DNA strands are modeled by random walks on the three-dimensional cubic lattice with different interactions between two chains of the same type and two chains of different types. This model may be thought of as a classical analog of the quantum three-body problem. In the quantum situation, it is known that three identical quantum particles will form a triplet with an infinite tower of bound states at the point where any pair of particles would have zero binding energy. The phase diagram is mapped out, and the different phase transitions are examined using finite-size scaling. We look particularly at the scaling of the DNA model at the equivalent Efimov point for chains up to 10 000 steps in length. We find clear evidence of several bound states in the finite-size scaling. We compare these states with the expected Efimov behavior.
Shared understanding of color among sighted and blind adults
Authors: Kim Judy Sein , Aheimer Brianna , Montané Manrara Verónica , Bedny Marina 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceWe learn in a variety of ways: through direct sensory experience, by talking with others, and by thinking. Disentangling how these sources contribute to what we know is challenging. A wedge into this puzzle was suggested by empiricist philosophers, who hypothesized that people born blind would lack deep knowledge of “visual” phenomena such as color. We find that, contrary to this prediction, congenitally blind and sighted individuals share in-depth understanding of object color. Blind and sighted people share similar intuitions about which objects will have consistent colors, make similar predictions for novel objects, and give similar explanations. Living among people who talk about color is sufficient for color understanding, highlighting the efficiency of linguistic communication as a source of knowledge.
Hexokinases inhibit death receptor–dependent apoptosis on the mitochondria
Authors: Lauterwasser Joachim , Fimm-Todt Franziska , Oelgeklaus Aline , Schreiner Annabell , Funk Kathrin , Falquez-Medina Hugo , Klesse Ramona , Jahreis Günther , Zerbes Ralf M. , O'Neill Katelyn , van der Laan Martin , Luo Xu , Edlich Frank 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Receptor–ligand interactions on the cell surface or intrinsic stress signals can commit mammalian cells to apoptosis. In this study, we discover how hexokinases confer resistance to receptor-mediated apoptosis through specific inhibition of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) proteins. Hexokinases retrotranslocate activator and effector BCL-2 proteins from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Hexokinase-dependent BCL-2 protein retrotranslocation can protect cells from apoptosis despite death receptor signaling.
Biochemical insights into Paf1 complex–induced stimulation of Rad6/Bre1-mediated H2B monoubiquitination
Authors: Chen Feilong , Liu Beibei , Guo Lu , Ge Xuan , Feng Wei , Li De-Feng , Zhou Hao , Long Jiafu 
Published: August 2021

Significance
PAF1C is a highly conserved multiprotein complex composed of five core subunits (Paf1, Leo1, Ctr9, Cdc73, and Rtf1) and is required for Rad6/Bre1-mediated H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub). This study involves a mechanistic analysis of the contributions of the PAF1C subunits to H2Bub. The results from an established in vitro ubiquitination assay clearly suggest that PAF1C might stimulate H2Bub through multivalent interactions with Rad6 and nucleosomal substrates to facilitate ubiquitin transfer and indicate that intact PAF1C is required to efficiently stimulate Rad6/Bre1-mediated H2Bub.
Structure of autoinhibited Akt1 reveals mechanism of PIP3-mediated activation
Authors: Truebestein Linda , Hornegger Harald , Anrather Dorothea , Hartl Markus , Fleming Kaelin D. , Stariha Jordan T. B. , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Burke John E. , Leonard Thomas A. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAkt is an essential protein kinase that controls cell growth, survival, and metabolism. Akt is activated by the lipid second messengers PIP3and PI(3,4)P2and by phosphorylation. However, the relative contributions of lipid binding and phosphorylation to Akt activity in the cell are controversial. Here, we have determined the structure of autoinhibited Akt1, which reveals how the lipid-binding PH domain maintains the kinase domain in an inactive conformation in the absence of PIP3. Despite stoichiometric phosphorylation, Akt adopts an autoinhibited conformation with low basal activity in the absence of PIP3. Our work reveals the mechanistic basis of Akt hyperactivation in cancer and overgrowth diseases and unambiguously establishes that Akt depends on lipids for activity in the cell.
Microbial population dynamics and evolutionary outcomes under extreme energy limitation
Authors: Shoemaker William R. , Jones Stuart E. , Muscarella Mario E. , Behringer Megan G. , Lehmkuhl Brent K. , Lennon Jay T. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Energy limitation is a widespread phenomenon that governs microbial processes ranging from the metabolism of individual cells to the functioning of the biosphere. By tracking the population dynamics of diverse bacterial taxa under prolonged starvation, we identified common strategies that sustain life. Although bacteria have the capacity to reproduce on timescales of minutes to hours, we predict that populations can persist for hundreds to thousands of years, placing upper bounds on microbial lifespans. While the dynamics observed in our long-term experiment were driven by a reduction in death rates, cryptic birth events generated mutations that fueled evolution. Our findings shed light on cellular longevity with implications for biodiversity in extreme environments that dominate vast expanses of Earth.
The Sw5a gene confers resistance to ToLCNDV and triggers an HR response after direct AC4 effector recognition
Authors: Sharma Namisha , Sahu Pranav Pankaj , Prasad Ashish , Muthamilarasan Mehanathan , Waseem Mohd , Khan Yusuf , Thakur Jitendra Kumar , Chakraborty Supriya , Prasad Manoj 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceTomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV) infection causes severe losses in tomato yield worldwide. Lack of information on resistance (R) genes against ToLCNDV has considerably retarded the pace of crop improvement against this rapidly spreading pathogen. Here, we report an effective defense strategy deployed by a resistant tomato cultivar against ToLCNDV. It employs Sw5a (R gene) that recognizes AC4 protein (viral effector) of ToLCNDV to restrict virus spread. At the transcriptional level, the sly-miR159-SlMyb33 module has been identified as governing gene expression of Sw5a. Thus, we provide a mechanistic insight into sly-miR159-SlMyb33–controlled Sw5a-mediated defense response in tomato against ToLCNDV. These findings could be translated into development of resistance in susceptible cultivars of tomato through modern breeding or molecular approaches.
Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and turnover mechanisms of BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Ruiju , Wang Ruixuan , Liu Mengmeng , Yuan Weiwei , Zhao Zhiying , Liu Xiaoqian , Peng Yameng , Yang Xiaorui , Sun Yu , Tang Wenqiang 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Upon brassinosteroid (BR) treatment, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) is dephosphorylated and accumulate in the nucleus. However, it was unclear whether these two processes are interdependent. Here, we show that BR signaling first recruits phosphorylated BZR1 to the nucleus where it is dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). BZR1 is constitutively degraded via a BR- and 26S proteosome–independent mechanism; however, BR treatment activates a different 26S proteosome–dependent pathway and increases BZR1 turnover rate. These results help to untangle the intertwined mechanisms governing BZR1 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, and protein turnover during BR signaling and clarify the role of PP2A in the BR signaling pathway. Our results will inspire new studies on BR signaling and in other fields of plant research.
Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol
Authors: Wang Hao , Kulas Joshua A. , Wang Chao , Holtzman David M. , Ferris Heather A. , Hansen Scott B. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain appears to be a necessary event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, processes linked to the endogenous regulation of Aβ production are still not completely understood. Here, the authors show that Aβ accumulation in neurons is tightly regulated by cholesterol synthesis and apoE transport from astrocytes. The study provides a molecular context for understanding the endogenous regulation of Aβ accumulation and why it correlates with AD. The tight regulation suggests that Aβ may perform an important cellular function. A complete understanding of the mechanism is likely necessary to predict whether the selective removal of Aβ has potential for a therapeutic benefit.
The attention schema theory in a neural network agent: Controlling visuospatial attention using a descriptive model of attention
Authors: Wilterson Andrew I. , Graziano Michael S. A. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAttention, the deep processing of select items, is one of the most important cognitive operations in the brain. But how does the brain control its attention? One proposed part of the mechanism is that the brain builds a model, or attention schema, that helps monitor and predict the changing state of attention. Here, we show that an artificial neural network agent can be trained to control visual attention when it is given an attention schema, but its performance is greatly reduced when the schema is not available. We suggest that the brain may have evolved a model of attention because of the profound practical benefit for the control of attention.
miR-122–based therapies select for three distinct resistance mechanisms based on alterations in RNA structure
Authors: Chahal Jasmin , Gebert Luca F. R. , Camargo Carolina , MacRae Ian J. , Sagan Selena M. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceMicroRNA (miRNA)–based drugs are quickly taking the clinic by storm. Herein, we analyzed resistance-associated variants (RAVs) to the first miRNA inhibitors to make it to the clinic, namely miR-122 inhibitors for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We uncovered three distinct resistance mechanisms based on unique alterations to the structure of the viral RNA. Specifically, RAVs altered the structure of the viral RNA in a manner that promotes riboswitch activity, genome stability, or positive-strand viral RNA synthesis. Our findings support recent models of miR-122–mediated HCV RNA accumulation and provide mechanism(s) of resistance to antiviral therapy. These early insights into the mechanism(s) of resistance to miRNA-based therapies may be of importance as more miRNA-targeted therapies enter into the clinic.
Atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on S and N–codoped carbon for efficient electrochemical denitrification
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Miao , An Ning , Zhang Shuo , Song Qinan , Yang Yilin , Liu Xiang 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Denitrification by electrochemistry is a mild and efficient technique to reduce nitrate pollution in water. The urgency of finding a wastewater treatment has accelerated electrode material development. Here, (S) N-modified, carbon-supported Fe or Cu single-atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared using the anchoring effect of a defect-rich carbon basal plane with high activity and atom economy. Fe-CNS exhibits the highest Fe utilization in electrodenitrification among all reported studies. The coordination environment of Fe atoms was optimized by S-doping with asymmetric charge distribution and electron redistribution, resulting in higher activity of nitrate reduction. The atomic-level structure–activity relationship and reaction mechanism were investigated. The unique structure of Fe SACs renders them promising for the practical removal of pollutants in water.
A nanobody activating metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 discriminates between homo- and heterodimers
Authors: Haubrich Jordi , Font Joan , Quast Robert B. , Goupil-Lamy Anne , Scholler Pauline , Nevoltris Damien , Acher Francine , Chames Patrick , Rondard Philippe , Prézeau Laurent , Pin Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Biologics, and especially antibodies, are promising therapeutics. Antibodies are expected to show higher subtype selectivity and less off-target activity than small molecules. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) being the main drug targets, there is a need for antibodies modulating these receptors. Here, we describe the first single-domain antibody fully activating a GPCR. This nanobody activates the homodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4 (mGlu4), an interesting target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease or pain. Using modeling tools, we show this nanobody acts by stabilizing the active form of the binding domain. It does not activate heterodimeric mGlu receptors containing the mGlu4 subunit. These data revealed that nanobodies can be useful tools to specifically control mGlu receptor subtypes.
Structures of ABCB4 provide insight into phosphatidylcholine translocation
Authors: Nosol Kamil , Bang-Sørensen Rose , Irobalieva Rossitza N. , Erramilli Satchal K. , Stieger Bruno , Kossiakoff Anthony A. , Locher Kaspar P. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
ABCB4 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed in hepatocytes and is essential for the formation of bile by translocating phosphatidylcholine into canaliculi. Mutations in ABCB4 can cause inherited diseases leading to cholestasis. Similarly, commonly used drugs interfering with ABCB4 function can cause drug-induced liver injury. We present cryogenic electron microscopy structures that reveal how ABCB4 recruits phosphatidylcholine from the lipid bilayer and translocates it into bile canaliculi and how this process is inhibited by the antifungal drug posaconazole.
p62-containing, proteolytically active nuclear condensates, increase the efficiency of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
Authors: Fu Afu , Cohen-Kaplan Victoria , Avni Noa , Livneh Ido , Ciechanover Aaron 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Multistep reactions, such as degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, require that the different components will be colocalized to an assembly that allows catalysis of all steps in an efficient and processive manner. In the absence of colocalization, floating of individual components around the cell would slow the cascade reactions. We demonstrated that such assemblies are generated in the nucleus both under basal and stressed conditions and play a role in efficient degradation of nuclear proteins, unassembled subunits of the proteasome, and unfolded proteins, suggesting they are part of the protein quality-control mechanism and help in preventing cellular damage. The findings suggest that other multicomponent pathways can also be assembled into condensates to allow their efficient activity.
Genome accessibility dynamics in response to phosphate limitation is controlled by the PHR1 family of transcription factors inArabidopsis
Authors: Barragán-Rosillo Alfonso Carlos , Peralta-Alvarez Carlos Alberto , Ojeda-Rivera Jonathan Odilón , Arzate-Mejía Rodrigo G. , Recillas-Targa Félix , Herrera-Estrella Luis 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceLow phosphate (Pi) availability is a major constraint for plant productivity in both natural and agricultural environments. Over the course of evolution, plants acquired a complex cascade of transcriptional responses that enhance their capacity to survive and reproduce in phosphate-poor soils. However, it is unclear to what extent chromatin architecture is modified to activate or repress gene expression in response to Pi starvation. Here, we report the effects of Pi starvation on chromatin accessibility and its association with gene expression. We determined that major remodeling in chromatin accessibility takes place in response to Pi starvation and that this response is activated by the PHR1 family of transcription factors.
Joint encoding of facial identity, orientation, gaze, and expression in the middle dorsal face area
Authors: Yang Zetian , Freiwald Winrich A. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Past work on the neural mechanisms of face processing has focused on how a network of face-selective areas in the macaque monkey brain extracts facial identity. Here, we study the processing of identity, expression, and gaze information. We find that all of these signals are extracted in populations of face cells located in a face area outside the classical network. In this area, we discover a single-cell representation of facial expression that is preserved even with the changes of identity and head orientation. This face area, previously thought to be specialized for the processing of naturalistic facial movements, harbors a heterogeneous population of face cells that can process static faces to extract a wide range of socially meaningful facial information.
STING facilitates nuclear import of herpesvirus genome during infection
Authors: Hong Yujin , Jeong Heena , Park Kiwon , Lee Sungwon , Shim Jae Youn , Kim Hyewon , Song Yang , Park Seowoo , Park Hye Yoon , Kim V. Narry , Ahn Kwangseog 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latent infection in 60 to 90% of the population worldwide and constitutes a serious global health burden. For a successful infection, HCMV must overcome physical barriers: the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Here, we report that the immune adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING), typically located in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a crucial host factor involved in the nuclear entry of HCMV. Without STING, the interaction between viral capsid and nuclear pore complex is defective, and HCMV fails to deliver the viral genome into the nucleus. In monocytes, STING deficiency prevents a successful establishment of HCMV persistence. This study offers a perspective for understanding HCMV uncoating and for developing interventions against herpesvirus infection.
Recombination-independent recognition of DNA homology for meiotic silencing in
Neurospora crassa
Authors: Rhoades Nicholas , Nguyen Tinh-Suong , Witz Guillaume , Cecere Germano , Hammond Thomas , Mazur Alexey K. , Gladyshev Eugene 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Homologous chromosomes (or selected chromosomal regions) can engage in sequence-specific pairing as intact entities. The mechanism behind this process remains mysterious, in part because prevailing evidence suggests that DNA molecules must be broken before being evaluated for homology. In this work, we study a phenomenon that detects dissimilar DNA fragments present at the allelic positions on a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. We find that the recognition of such fragments is incompatible with canonical homology-sensing mechanisms that operate on broken DNAs. Instead, it is consistent with the direct pairing of homologous DNA duplexes through a series of short, interspersed quadruplexes. This pairing process may represent a general property of DNA and underlie a large repertoire of homology-dependent phenomena.
Local versus systemic control of bone and skeletal muscle mass by components of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yewei , Lehar Adam , Rydzik Renata , Chandok Harshpreet , Lee Yun-Sil , Youngstrom Daniel W. , George Joshy , Matzuk Martin M. , Germain-Lee Emily L. , Lee Se-Jin 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone is regulated by key signaling proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor family. Here, we present genetic studies in mice showing that follistatin, which normally blocks the activities of these proteins, acts locally in an exquisitely dose-dependent manner to control muscle and bone growth. Moreover, our studies targeting the receptors for these proteins reveal the enormous capacity for bone growth that is normally kept in check by this signaling system. These findings have implications for strategies to target this signaling pathway for clinical applications to treat patients with muscle and bone loss.
Forcing prediction increases priming and adaptation in second language production
Authors: Grüter Theres , Zhu Yanxin Alice , Jackson Carrie N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a priming experiment with Korean learners of English designed to test the hypothesis that engagement in prediction and the consequent computation of prediction error will lead to increased priming and adaptation. Participants in the guessing-game condition, who had to predict a virtual partner’s description of prime pictures, showed marginally greater immediate priming and significantly greater adaptation in terms of change from baseline to post-test than those in a standard repetition priming condition, consistent with error-based learning accounts of structural priming. Effects were largest for learners in the middle of the proficiency range. Findings from this study suggest that priming best facilitates L2 learning when learners are engaged in the proactive creation of expectations about upcoming information.