bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far‐right protest mobilisation in Europe: Grievances, opportunities and resources
Authors: CASTELLI GATTINARA PIETRO , FROIO CATERINA , PIRRO ANDREA L. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat explains far‐right mobilisation in the protest arena? After decades of growing electoral support and policy influence, the far right is experiencing an increase in grassroots mobilisation. Scholars of social movements and political parties have devoted little attention to the determinants of far‐right protest mobilisation in Europe. In this article, we bridge previous research on the far right and social movements to advance hypotheses on the drivers of far‐right protest mobilisation based on grievances, opportunities and resource mobilisation models. We use an original dataset combining novel data on 4,845 far‐right protest events in 11 East and West European countries (2008–2018), with existing measures accounting for the (political, economic and cultural) context of mobilisation. We find that classical approaches to collective action can be fruitfully applied to the study of the far right. Cultural grievances, notably concerns about immigration, as well as the availability of institutional access points in contexts characterised by divided government increase far‐right protest mobilisation. But far‐right protest mobilisation also rests on the organisational resources available to nativist collective actors, that is, the network in which they are embedded, their visibility in the media and elected officials. These findings have important implications to understand far‐right success in advanced democracies. They show that far‐right mobilisation in the protest arena not only rests on favourable circumstances, but also on whether far‐right actors can profit from them. More broadly, the study links party politics and social movement research to grasp the far right's modes of political contestation, locating research on this phenomenon at the intersection of political sociology and comparative politics.
‘It's so fake’: Identity performances and cynicism within a people analytics team
Authors: Jörden Nina M. , Sage Daniel , Trusson Clive 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article reports on a participant ethnography of a people analytics (PA) team operating within the human resources (HR) function of a European multinational corporation at the cutting edge of PA development. Despite their analytical expertise, this team experienced significant dissonance between their desired image of PA work and the actualities of PA practice. Our analysis explains this dissonance through two prevalent identity performance scripts: ‘customerization’ and ‘action‐orientation’. Taken together these scripts were identified as having a restrictive impact on the production of more scientifically rigorous PA work. Further, both of these scripts were found to be imbued with cynicism, whereby PA practitioners distance themselves from the commercial presentation of their work outputs. The article reveals how management preferencing of presentational and commercial considerations over those of scientific rigour may result in a failure to generate the level of organisational benefits promoted by the optimistic accounts in current literature, with negative implications for the reputational profile of PA.
Advanced Maternal Age‐associated SIRT1 Deficiency Compromises Trophoblast Epithelial−Mesenchymal Transition through an Increase in Vimentin Acetylation
Authors: Xiong Liling , Ye Xuan , Chen Zhi , Fu Huijia , Li Sisi , Xu Ping , Yu Jiaxiao , Wen Li , Gao Rufei , Fu Yong , Qi Hongbo , Kilby Mark D. , Saffery Richard , Baker Philip N. , Tong Chao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies are rapidly increasing and are associated with aberrant trophoblast cell function, poor placentation, and unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, presumably due to premature placental senescence. SIRT1 is an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase with well‐known antiaging effects, but its connection with placental senescence is unreported. In this study, human term placentas and first‐trimester villi were collected from AMA and normal pregnancies, and a mouse AMA model was established by cross breeding young and aged male and female C57 mice. SIRT1 expression and activity in HTR8/SVneo cells were genetically or pharmacologically manipulated. Trophoblast‐specific Sirt1‐knockout (KO) mouse placentas were generated by mating Elf5‐Cre and Sirt1fl/fl mice. Trophoblast cell mobility was assessed with transwell invasion and wound‐healing assays. SIRT1‐binding proteins in HTR8/SVneo cells and human placental tissue were identified by mass spectrometry. We identified SIRT1 as the only differentially expressed sirtuin between AMA and normal placentas. It is downregulated in AMA placentas early in the placental life cycle and is barely impacted by paternal age. SIRT1 loss upregulates P53 acetylation and P21 expression and impairs trophoblast invasion and migration. Sirt1‐KO mouse placentas exhibit senescence markers and morphological disruption, along with decreased fetal weight. In trophoblasts, SIRT1 interacts with vimentin, regulating its acetylation. In conclusion, SIRT1 promotes trophoblast epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) to enhance invasiveness by modulating vimentin acetylation. AMA placentas are associated with premature senescence during placentation due to SIRT1 loss. Therefore, SIRT1 may be an antiaging therapeutic target for improving placental development and perinatal outcomes in AMA pregnancies.
Fenjiashu: Economic development in the Chinese countryside based on household division inventories, ca. 1750–1910
Authors: Wang Meimei , van Leeuwen Bas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the existence of a rich literature on Chinese partial household division, there is still limited evidence of its effect on land and capital accumulation and well‐being. In this study, contrary to the dominant view, we find that household property size peaked around 1800s–1830s, suggesting that equal‐share system did not necessarily lead to land fragmentation. We find evidence that this rise in farm sizes is related to the opposing forces of increased well‐being and increased inequality.
Myopia progression and stabilization in school‐aged children with single‐vision lenses
Authors: Qin Zhuoer , Peng Tingting , Zhang Zicheng , Lou Jiangtao , Wang Chunxiao , Deng Ruzhi , Xu Meiping , Yu Xinping , Chen Wuhe 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the longitudinal changes in myopia from onset to stabilization in school‐aged children with single‐vison lenses (SVLs).MethodsThe medical records of patients wearing SVLs with long‐term follow‐up data between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients who were 6–10 years old at the initial visit and 16 years old at the last assessment were included and analysed. The periods of progression and stabilization of myopia were evaluated by plotting fitted curves of the changes in spherical equivalent (SE).ResultsSeven hundred and seventy‐three patients (median initial age 9 years) were accessed over an average of 7 years (IQR, 6–7 years). The initial mean SE was −1.92 ± 1.57 D and increased to −6.05 ± 2.14 D at 16 years old. The average age at myopia stabilization was 14.6 years, and girls slightly stabilized earlier than boys. 73.7% of the 6‐year‐olds and 85.7% of the 7‐year‐olds had high myopia at 16 years old, and the risk decreased each year from 7 to 10 years old. Children who had SE greater than −4 D up to 10 years had 89.0% risk of high myopia at 16 years old. Children with SE between −0.5 D and −2 D still had 34% risk of developing high myopia at 16 years old.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive picture of myopia progression from onset to stabilization in school‐aged children with SVLs in China. All children who have myopia onset below 10 years of age were at risk for high myopia, and children who have myopia onset below 8 years of age require more attention.
Randomised controlled trial showed long‐term efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccines in Norwegian and Swedish children
Authors: Casabona Giacomo , Habib Md Ahsan , Povey Michael , Riise Bergsaker Marianne A. , Flodmark Carl‐Erik , Espnes Ketil Arne , Tøndel Camilla , Silfverdal Sven‐Arne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimSeveral countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi‐country Phase III study over a 10‐year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain.MethodsThis was an observer‐blind, controlled trial conducted in 10 European countries. Children aged 12–22 months (n = 5803) were randomised 3:3:1 and vaccinated between 1 September 2005 and 10 May 2006. The two‐dose group received two tetravalent measles‐mumps‐rubella‐varicella vaccine doses. The one‐dose group received one monovalent varicella vaccine dose after a measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine dose. Control group participants received two measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine doses. Main study outcomes were vaccine efficacy against confirmed varicella cases and incidence of adverse events.ResultsVaccine efficacy in the two‐dose group was ≥92.1% in both Norwegian and Swedish children compared to 72.3% in Norway and 58.0% in Sweden in the one‐dose group. Incidences of adverse events and serious adverse events were similar in the Norwegian and Swedish study populations.ConclusionConsistent with overall study results, high efficacy against varicella and acceptable safety profiles of the two varicella vaccines were observed in Norwegian and Swedish populations. These findings highlight the benefits of varicella vaccines, particularly when administered as a two‐dose schedule.
Working from home during the COVID‐19 crisis: How self‐control strategies elucidate employees' job performance
Authors: Troll Eve Sarah , Venz Laura , Weitzenegger Fritzi , Loschelder David D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmployees around the globe experience manifold challenges to maintain job performance during the so‐called work‐from‐home experiment caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. Whereas the self‐control literature suggests that higher trait self‐control should enable employees to deal with these demands more effectively, we know little about the underlying mechanisms. In a mixed‐methods approach and two waves of data collection, we examine how self‐control strategies elucidate the link between teleworking employees' trait self‐control and their job performance. Using a qualitative approach, we explored which strategies employees use to telework effectively (N = 266). In line with the process model of self‐control, reported strategies pertained to situation modification (i.e., altering the physical, somatic, or social conditions) and cognitive change (i.e., goal setting, planning/scheduling, and autonomous motivation). Subsequent preregistered, quantitative analyses with a diverse sample of 106 teleworkers corroborated that higher trait self‐control is related to job performance beyond situational demands and prior performance. Among all self‐control strategies, modifying somatic conditions and autonomous motivation was significantly associated with job performance and mediated the self‐control‐performance link. This research provides novel insights into the processes by which employees productively work from home and inspires a broad(er) view on the topic of self‐control at work.
In vitro and in vivo anti‐epileptic efficacy of eslicarbazepine acetate in a mouse model of KCNQ2‐related self‐limited epilepsy
Authors: Monni Laura , Kraus Larissa , Dipper‐Wawra Matthias , Soares‐da‐Silva Patricio , Maier Nikolaus , Schmitz Dietmar , Holtkamp Martin , Fidzinski Pawel 
Published: October 2021

Background and PurposeThe KCNQ2 gene encodes for the Kv7.2 subunit of non‐inactivating potassium channels. KCNQ2‐related diseases range from autosomal dominant neonatal self‐limited epilepsy, often caused by KCNQ2 haploinsufficiency, to severe encephalopathies caused by KCNQ2 missense variants. In vivo and in vitro effects of the sodium channel blocker eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) and eslicarbazepine metabolite (S‐Lic) in a mouse model of self‐limited neonatal epilepsy as a first attempt to assess the utility of ESL in the KCNQ2 disease spectrum was investigated.Experimental ApproachEffects of S‐Lic on in vitro physiological and pathological hippocampal neuronal activity in slices from mice carrying a heterozygous deletion of Kcnq2 (Kcnq2+/−) and Kcnq2+/+ mice were investigated. ESL in vivo efficacy was investigated in the 6‐Hz psychomotor seizure model in both Kcnq2+/− and Kcnq2+/+ mice.Key ResultsS‐Lic increased the amplitude and decreased the incidence of physiological sharp wave–ripples in a concentration‐dependent manner and slightly decreased gamma oscillations frequency. 4‐Aminopyridine‐evoked seizure‐like events were blocked at high S‐Lic concentrations and substantially reduced in incidence at lower concentrations. These results were not different in Kcnq2+/+ and Kcnq2+/− mice, although the EC50 estimation implicated higher efficacy in Kcnq2+/−animals. In vivo, Kcnq2+/− mice had a lower seizure threshold than Kcnq2+/+ mice. In both genotypes, ESL dose‐dependently displayed protection against seizures.Conclusions and ImplicationsS‐Lic slightly modulates hippocampal oscillations and blocks epileptic activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the increased excitability in Kcnq2+/− mice is effectively targeted by S‐Lic high concentrations, presumably by blocking diverse sodium channel subtypes.
Histological findings of tracheal samples from COVID‐19 positive critically ill mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Ward Patrick Alexander , Collier Jonathan Marc , Weir Justin , Osborn Michael , Hanley Brian , Smellie William James Buchanan ,   Chelwest COVID‐19 Tracheostomy Group
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines the histological findings of tracheal tissue samples obtained from COVID‐19 positive mechanically ventilated patients, to assess the degree of tracheal inflammation/ulceration present.Design and participantsRetrospective single‐centre observational cohort study. All patients admitted to Adult Intensive Care Unit (AICU) with COVID‐19 infection, requiring mechanical ventilation and surgical tracheostomy between 1 April and 1 May 2020, were included (Group 1). Tracheal windows excised at tracheostomy underwent histological analysis. Comparison was made with: tracheal windows from COVID‐19 positive AICU ventilated patients admitted between 1 January and 1 March 2021 (Group 2); tracheal windows from COVID‐19 negative AICU ventilated patients (Group 3); and, tracheal autopsy samples from COVID‐19 positive patients that died without undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation (Group 4).Results
G
roup 1 demonstrated mild/moderate inflammation (tracheitis) in nearly all samples (15/16, 93.8%), with infrequent micro‐ulceration (2/16, 12.5%). G
roup 2 demonstrated similar mild/moderate inflammation in all samples (17/17, 100%), with no ulceration. Histological findings of Groups 1 and 2 COVID‐19 positive patients were similar to Group 3 COVID‐19 negative patients, which demonstrated mild/moderate inflammation (5/5, 100%), with uncommon superficial erosion (1/5, 20%). Group 4 demonstrated mild chronic inflammation or no significant inflammation, with uncommon micro‐ulceration (1/4, 25%).ConclusionsSevere tracheal inflammation was not demonstrated in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 positive patients at the level of the second/third tracheal rings, at the stage of disease patients underwent tracheostomy. Histological findings were similar between mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 positive and negative patients. Tracheal ulceration may be a feature of early or severe COVID‐19 disease.
Prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use of wild species inferred from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Authors: Marsh Sophie M. E. , Hoffmann Michael , Burgess Neil D. , Brooks Thomas M. , Challender Daniel W. S. , Cremona Patricia J. , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , de Micheaux Flore Lafaye , Lichtenstein Gabriela , Roe Dilys , Böhm Monika 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnsustainable exploitation of wild species represents a serious threat to biodiversity and to the livelihoods of local communities and Indigenous peoples. However, managed, sustainable use has the potential to forestall extinctions, aid recovery, and meet human needs. We analyzed species‐level data for 30,923 species from 13 taxonomic groups on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species to investigate patterns of intentional biological resource use. Forty percent of species (10,098 of 25,009 species from 10 data‐sufficient taxonomic groups) were used. The main purposes of use were pets, display animals, horticulture, and human consumption. Intentional use is currently contributing to elevated extinction risk for 28–29% of threatened or near threatened (NT) species (2752–2848 of 9753 species). Intentional use also affected 16% of all species used (1597–1631 of 10,098). However, 72% of used species (7291 of 10,098) were least concern, of which nearly half (3469) also had stable or improving population trends. The remainder were not documented as threatened by biological resource use, including at least 172 threatened or NT species with stable or improving populations. About one‐third of species that had use documented as a threat had no targeted species management actions to directly address this threat. To improve use‐related red‐list data, we suggest small amendments to the relevant classification schemes and required supporting documentation. Our findings on the prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use, and variation across taxa, can inform international policy making, including the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
Prevention of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves
Authors: Abia‐Trujillo David , Yu Lee‐Mateus Alejandra , Garcia‐Saucedo Juan C. , Saifi Omran , Patel Neal M. , Herth Felix J. F. , Woytanowski John R. , Alshelli Ihab , Alevas Sajive , Uribe Becerra Juan P. , Majid Adnan , Edell Eric S. , Dulohery‐Scrodin Megan M. , Reisenauer Janani S. , Mehta Hiren J. , Jantz Michael A. , Abbas Hawazin K. , Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionBronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with endobronchial valves (EBVs) has emerged as an important treatment method for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are a frequent complication following BLVR with EBV. However, there is no consensus on the prevention of AECOPD.ObjectivesOur study aims to compare the outcomes of different prophylactic measures on the occurrence of AECOPD after BLVR with EBV.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of patients who underwent BLVR with EBV at six different institutions. Emphasis was directed towards the specific practices aimed at preventing AECOPD: antibiotics, steroids, antibiotics plus steroids, or no prophylaxis. Subgroups were compared, and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 170 patients were reviewed. The rate of AECOPD was 21.2% for the full cohort. Patients who received prophylaxis had a significantly lower rate of AECOPD compared with those who did not (16.7% vs. 46.2%; p = 0.001). The rate was lowest in patients who received antibiotics alone (9.2%). There was no significant difference in the rate of AECOPD between patients who received steroids alone or antibiotics plus steroids, compared with the other subgroups. The OR for AECOPD was 4.3 (95% CI: 1.8–10.4; p = 0.001) for patients not receiving prophylaxis and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.5–10.1; p = 0.004) for prophylaxis other than antibiotics alone.ConclusionsAdministration of antibiotics after BLVR with EBV was associated with a lower rate of AECOPD. This was not observed with the use of steroids or in combination with antibiotics.
The European Response to Chinese Outbound Foreign Direct Investment: Introducing a Dynamic Analytical Framework
Authors: Brennan Louis , Vecchi Alessandra 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSince the turn of the 21st century, the emergence of Chinese outbound investment has been one of the most prominent features of globalization. Its trajectory has been notable both for its speed and scale and for its global dispersion. Since the early 2000s, Chinese outbound investment has grown rapidly from a very low base that predominately involved South–South flows, expanding into the global North. The idiosyncratic nature of Chinese investment has generated diverse responses over time from the countries of the developed world. The policy dilemmas that Chinese investment creates for the latter economies is manifest in their fragmented reactions and in the degree of contestation around policy responses. In the light of the recent increasing backlash towards investment by Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) in much of the developed world, this article introduces a dynamic analytical framework that is able to assess the response to investment by Chinese MNCs in Europe, and examines the implications of that response for China and its corporations. By doing so, this article contributes to the debate on Chinese globalization and further elaborates on the so‐called ‘China anxiety’ issue.
Now‐thoughts
Authors: Romdenh‐Romluc Komarine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract‘Now’‐thoughts are often categorised alongside ‘I’‐thoughts. The word ‘I’‐ (including its counterparts in other languages) and the thoughts typically expressed with it have long been a source of fascination for philosophers. ‘I’‐ seemingly behaves in peculiar ways, which many writers take to reflect some interesting features of the thoughts it typically expresses. Whilst the similarities between the behaviour of ‘I’‐ and ‘now’‐ have often been noted, the latter has received much less attention in the literature. In this paper, I will take some of the most influential ideas and frameworks that have been used to analyse ‘I’‐thought and draw on phenomenological descriptions of temporal experience to provide an account of ‘now’‐ thought. I will argue that a certain important class of ‘now’‐thoughts do not involve thinking about a particular time and predicating something of it, but instead merely involve registering the presence of events. I will end by sketching an account of how these claims might sit with a theory of the word ‘now’.