bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 3D Reconstruction and Simulation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode
Authors: Liu Shixue , Liu Zhijing , Yang Ying , Zhang Lin , Huang Rui , Zhu Jiang , Zhang Shuxing 
Published: July 2021

The 3D Focused Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) technique has been used to study the ceramic microstructures with the accuracy of tens of nanometers. There are several reports about the 3D reconstruction about the Ni-YSZ electrode in SOFC or SOEC mode (1-3). In this work, samples taken from full size, 10×10 cm2, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) single cells were reconstructed with the FIB-SEM tomography. Three samples were chosen from the same production batch, including a cell without reduction, a cell with 5 hours reduction and a cell with 100 hours test with humidified hydrogen, respectively. Figure 1 shows the SEM micrograph and reconstructed anode for the cell after 100 hours test. Different from the button cells, the full size anode-supported SOFC need a strong support layer and a smaller porosity is also acceptable. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was used to simulate the physical processed in the reconstructed porous electrode. The 3D microstructure was remeshed to cubic voxels for numerical analysis. The triple-phase-boundary length was automatically identified and the parameters in the exchange current density equation were fitted to the polarization curves. Detailed results will be submitted in the full length draft.
References
1. Z. Jiao, N. Shikazono, and N. Kasagi, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159 (3), B285 (2012).
2. M. Trini, P.S. Jørgensen, A. Hauch, J.J. Bentzen, P.V. Hendriksen, M. Chen, 3D microstructural characterization of Ni/YSZ electrodes exposed to 1 Year of electrolysis testing, J. Electrochem. Soc., 166 (2), F1 (2019).
3. M. Trini, A. Hauch, S. De Angelis, X. Tong, P. Vang Hendriksen, and M. Chen, J. Power Sorces, 450, 227599 (2020).
4. D. Kanno, N. Shikazono, N. Takagi, K. Matsuzaki, and N. Kasagi, Electrochimi. Acta, 56, 4015, 2011.

Figure 1
Degradation Analysis of a Commercial SOFC System
Authors: Asghari Maryam , Lavernia Alejandro Carlos , Mastropasqua Luca , Brouwer Jack 
Published: July 2021

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology offers several advantages such as fuel flexibility, high efficiency, and zero criteria pollutant emissions. SOFC systems have the potential to be cheaper and provide more reliable and cleaner electrical load-following characteristics compared with other technologies by dynamic operation and control. Cost and durability are major challenges associated with current SOFC technology. Durability of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology is a key aspect for its commercialization and long-lasting deployment in different applications. Dynamic operating conditions have considerable effects on the long-term performance and durability of SOFC systems.
In this study, we evaluate the performance and degradation of a 1.5 kW (AC) commercial system under steady state and dynamic load cycling conditions for over 6000 hours. We monitored and evaluated the initial and degraded performance characteristics of the SOFC stack, while testing under constant 1.6 kW load, 85% fuel utilization, and at 760°C stack temperature for 4000 hours and under dynamic cycling load for more than 2000 hours. We conducted degradation tests based upon two load cycling profiles: i) accelerated daily cycles with load changing from 0.5 kW to 1.6 kW, with stack temperatures ranging between 720°C and 760°C, and fuel utilization between 55% and 85% for 42 cycles (~1000 hours), and ii) weekly cycling test with load changing from 0.5 kW to 1.6 kW with lower slope for 10 cycles (1600 hours). A machine learning model based upon experimental data is developed to correlate the degradation rate of the system to different features of dynamic profiles to be used in the prediction of degradation rate for a wide range of dynamic load profiles.
Test results show that the degradation rate is 0.025% (2mV) per 1000 hours of operation under steady state operating conditions. As the system degrades under steady state conditions, fuel consumption increases 0.3% while the efficiency drops 0.3% per 1000 hours of operation. We observe that at beginning of life and during the first 1000 hours of operation, the degradation rate is roughly twice as high as that achieved under steady state operation (i.e., 4.8mV). Results show that the system also degrades twice as fast when forced to meet daily dynamic cycling loads. The degradation rate observed under highly dynamic daily load cycling conditions is 0.58% (4.7mV) per 1000 hours of operation over 42 daily cycles.
Effect of Anode Side Purge Gas on the Degradation of Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Sun Xiufu , Hendriksen Peter Vang , Hauch Anne , Clausen Anders Kring , Lehtinen Timo , Noponen Matti 
Published: July 2021

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) has drawn great interest in recent years due to its high power to fuel efficiency. The technology is believed to be able to play an important role in the power-to-x (P2X) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU) applications due to its capability of CO2 electrolysis and H2O + CO2 co-electrolysis. The syngas produced from SOEC can be further catalytic converted into different higher value synthetic fuels, which is essential for the green transition of those hard-to-be-electrified sectors such as aviation and heavy transportation. Large-scale implementation of such a technology requires SOEC to be cost competitive with the current existing electrolysis technologies. High performance and long-term durability are keys to further bring down the SOEC fuel production costs. Understanding the degradation mechanisms and identifying limits for a “safe-operation-window” for which the degree of degradation is limited will help to further advance the SOEC technology to the market. In this work, the influence of operation parameters such as temperature, gas composition and reactant utilization on the SOECs’ degradation were examined with commercial solid oxide cells from Elcogen. The degradation mechanisms investigated by electrochemical impedance and post-test microstructure analysis will be presented and discussed.
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 838014 (C2FUEL).
Development of Metal-Supported Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Cells Via Co-Sintering
Authors: Lau Grace Y. , Tucker Mike C 
Published: July 2021

Use of proton conducting electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysis cells (SOECs) enables efficient operation at lower temperatures, reducing thermal stress and allowing the use of less expensive stack materials and balance-of-plant components. Transport of protons across the electrolyte offers other advantages: for electrolysis, pure hydrogen is produced so steam does not need to be removed; for fuel cell operation, extraction of hydrogen from the anode through the electrolyte drives fuel decomposition or reforming reactions. Proton conducting oxide electrolyte materials could potentially lower the operating temperature of metal-supported solid oxide cells (MS-SOCs) to the intermediate range 400 to 600 °C. The metal substrate provides the advantages such as high thermal and redox cycling tolerance, low-cost of structural materials, and mechanical ruggedness.
In this work, co-sintering fabrication of metal-supported proton conducting solid oxide cells using BaZr1-x-yCexYyO3-δ (BZCY) is developed. BZCY ceramics are sintered in reducing environment supported on stainless steel metal support. Critical challenges for this fabrication approach include: contamination of the electrolyte with Si and Cr from the metal support, incomplete electrolyte sintering, and evaporation of Ba from the electrolyte. Lowering the sintering temperature to 1350°C alleviates these challenges. The use of LiF and Mn-oxide as sintering aids achieve electrolyte densification at this low temperature. Nevertheless, shrinkage matching of the stainless steel and ceramic layers during sintering is very challenging. Various efforts will be discussed, including optimization of the ceramic sintering aid loading, impact of metal particle size, and thermal manipulation of the ceramic powder surface. Successful co-sintering of a symmetric cell is achieved.
Design and Modeling of Proton-Conducting Bilayer Electrolytes Using a Nernst-Planck-Poisson Formulation
Authors: Ortiz-Corrales Julián Andrés , Matsuo Hiroki , Otomo Junichiro 
Published: July 2021

Proton-conducting oxides have attracted much attention in recent years due to their good ion conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500-700°C), as opposed to conventional oxide ion-conducting oxides that require high temperatures (usually, >900°C). Lowering the operating temperature of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (RePCECs) is desirable as it reduces material, heating, and insulation costs, while also increasing the operating life of the cell. Nevertheless, along with the desired proton conductivity, typical proton-conducting solid electrolytes also allow the transport of other charged defects like oxygen-vacancies, electrons, and electron holes. The presence of these other defects, especially the electron holes, causes leakage current that significantly reduces the cell’s electrical efficiency. Therefore, an electrolyte capable of reducing leakage current is necessary. Unfortunately, there is usually a trade-off between high ionic conductivity and low hole conduction. For example, while lanthanum tungstate (LWO) has a low electron conductivity and is capable of suppressing hole conduction below 800°C, its proton conductivity is lower than that of commonly used perovskite materials like yttria-doped barium cerate (BCY) or yttria-doped barium zirconate (BZY). Nonetheless, previous studies showed that LWO67 can act as a leakage current-blocking layer when deposited on a BZY82 base electrolyte and the estimated leakage current was almost 200 times lower than that of a BZY82 single layer electrolyte under open-circuit conditions. This suggests that under certain operating conditions, bilayer electrolytes can achieve better performance when compared to their corresponding single-layer electrolytes. Therefore, in this study, we design proton-conducting bilayer electrolytes by investigating the incorporation and transport of charged defects using a steady-state Nernst-Planck-Poisson (NPP) model.
The main goals of this work are twofold. Firstly, to find the combination of electrolytes that better suppresses leakage current. For this purpose, we calculate the defect concentration, flux, and electrostatic profiles inside common materials like BCY, BZY, BZCYYb, BZCY, LWO, and different combinations of bilayer electrolytes to better understand how the addition of a leakage current-blocking layer affects proton conduction and overall efficiency. We consider three mobile defects when solving the NPP equation, protons (OHO
•), oxygen vacancies (vO
••), and electron holes that are treated as small polarons localized at oxygen sites (OO
•). Afterward, the I-V curve and relevant theoretical efficiency are predicted within and A cm-2 (fuel cell and electrolyzer operation) at 500, 600 and 700°C, in order to identify the most promising one. Secondly, to design a cell by finding the optimal thickness of the better performing bilayer electrolyte that maximizes efficiency.
Genetically Predicted Insomnia in Relation to 14 Cardiovascular Conditions and 17 Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Liu Xinhui , Li Chuanbao , Sun Xiaoru , Yu Yuanyuan , Si Shucheng , Hou Lei , Yan Ran , Yu Yifan , Li Mingzhuo , Li Hongkai , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: July 2021

Background
This Mendelian randomization study aims to investigate causal associations between genetically predicted insomnia and 14 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as the potential mediator role of 17 cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods and Results
Using genetic association estimates from large genome‐wide association studies and UK Biobank, we performed a 2‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the associations of insomnia with 14 CVD conditions in the primary analysis. Then mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential mediator role of 17 cardiometabolic risk factors using a network Mendelian randomization design. After correcting for multiple testing, genetically predicted insomnia was consistent significantly positively associated with 9 of 14 CVDs, those odds ratios ranged from 1.13 (95% CI, 1.08–1.18) for atrial fibrillation to 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16–1.32) for heart failure. Moreover, genetically predicted insomnia was consistently associated with higher body mass index, triglycerides, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, each of which may act as a mediator in the causal pathway from insomnia to several CVD outcomes. Additionally, we found very little evidence to support a causal link between insomnia with abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycemic traits, renal function, and heart rate increase during exercise. Finally, we found no evidence of causal associations of genetically predicted body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides on insomnia.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that insomnia is associated with 9 of 14 CVD outcomes, some of which may be partially mediated by 1 or more of higher body mass index, triglycerides, and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Multi‐Institutional Practice‐Patterns in Fetal Congenital Heart Disease Following Implementation of a Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan
Authors: Afshar Yalda , Hogan Whitnee J. , Conturie Charlotte , Sunderji Sherzana , Duffy Jennifer Y. , Peyvandi Shabnam , Boe Nina M. , Melber Dora , Fajardo Viviana M. , Tandel Megha D. , Holliman Kerry , Kwan Lorna , Satou Gary , Moon‐Grady Anita J. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease has been associated with early‐term delivery and cesarean delivery (CD). We implemented a multi‐institutional standardized clinical assessment and management plan (SCAMP) through the University of California Fetal‐Maternal Consortium. Our objective was to decrease early‐term (37–39 weeks) delivery and CD in pregnancies complicated by fetal congenital heart disease using a SCAMP methodology to improve practice in a high‐risk and clinically complex setting.

Methods and Results

University of California Fetal‐Maternal Consortium site‐specific management decisions were queried following SCAMP implementation. This contemporary intervention group was compared with a University of California Fetal‐Maternal Consortium historical cohort. Primary outcomes were early‐term delivery and CD. A total of 496 maternal–fetal dyads with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease were identified, 185 and 311 in the historical and intervention cohorts, respectively. Recommendation for later delivery resulted in a later gestational age at delivery (38.9 versus 38.1 weeks,
P
=0.01). After adjusting for maternal age and site, historical controls were more likely to have a CD (odds ratio [OR],1.8; 95% CI, 2.1–2.8;
P
=0.004) and more likely (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4–3.3) to have an early‐term delivery than the intervention group. Vaginal delivery was recommended in 77% of the cohort, resulting in 61% vaginal deliveries versus 50% in the control cohort (
P
=0.03). Among pregnancies with major cardiac lesions (n=373), vaginal birth increased from 51% to 64% (
P
=0.008) and deliveries ≥39 weeks increased from 33% to 48% (
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
Implementation of a SCAMP decreased the rate of early‐term deliveries and CD for prenatal congenital heart disease. Development of clinical pathways may help standardize care, decrease maternal risk secondary to CD, improve neonatal outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.
The Fuse; Its Refusal: Notes on the Politics of Burnout
Authors:   The Friends of Attention
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Friends of Attention: What is the relationship between the “fuse” of a bomb and the “fuse” of a fuse box? How do their respective “burnouts” figure the relationship between precarity and protection? In a set of propositional meditations, a working group of the collective known as The Friends of Attention (who concern themselves with theorizing and cultivating modes of attention resistant to monetization) attempts to overload the circuit of burnout politics. Can we refuse what is broken? Can we defuse what seems about to blow?
Powering Down
Authors: Crary Jonathan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The essay is a brief set of reflections by the author on his book 24/7 five years after its publication and on its possible continuing relevance for artists. It notes the worsening of what the book identified as features of the non-stop operations of global capitalism, including intensifying environmental devastation, widening economic inequality, the deathliness of billionaire culture, and the collapse of longstanding forms of social solidarity and mutual support.
Sleeping in the Cinema
Authors: Ma Jean 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the 1940s and 50s, Weegee shot a considerable number of photographs in New York City's movie theaters. These photos contribute important insights on the history of cinema spectatorship in the form of visual arguments about the movie audience. This article places the images in dialogue with theories and histories of the disembodied spectator. It discusses the photographer's particular fascination with sleeping moviegoers. The sleepy filmgoer embodies simultaneously the model and counter-model of spectatorial attention. This figure focalizes a strand of theory that associates filmic reception with scattered, dispersive forms of attention that stray from aesthetic or disciplinary norms of absorption.
Screening Memories
Authors: Weinstock Jane 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Through the lenses of feminism and psychoanalysis, this essay traces the use of screens, both literal and metaphoric, in the performance and video-installation works of the multi-disciplinary artist Suzanne Bocanegra. These complex pieces engage with ideas around voyeurism, identification, and screen memory, evoking Bocanegra's idiosyncratic cultural history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Christic Visions and the Resurrection Appearances of Jesus
Authors: Smith Stephen H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recently, scholars have shown an increasing interest in comparing the resurrection appearances of Jesus with contemporary accounts of Christic visions, the aim being to show a line of formal continuity between them. Phillip Wiebe avers that neither Jesus’s resurrection appearances nor these contemporary events are explicable on a scientific basis alone, and require a mysterious X-factor in order to justify them fully. I argue that the physicalist stance taken in the later Gospel narratives does not belong to this trajectory, and that the visionary import of the earlier accounts, with which modern Christic visions do have something in common, does not necessarily require the supernaturalist explanation suggested.
Managing Invasive Alien Species by the European Union: Lessons Learnt
Authors: Krämer Ludwig 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The contribution concentrates on the fight against invasive alien species within the European Union (EU), which groups 27 States. In 2014, the EU adopted a regulation to identify and manage invasive alien species. This regulation and its monitoring are discussed in detail, in order to see, what lessons can be learnt from the cooperation and concertation of the different states.
Prospects for new drugs to treat binge-eating disorder: Insights from psychopathology and neuropharmacology
Authors: Heal David J , Smith Sharon L 
Published: July 2021

Background: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a common psychiatric condition with adverse psychological and metabolic consequences. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is the only approved BED drug treatment. New drugs to treat BED are urgently needed. Methods: A comprehensive review of published psychopathological, pharmacological and clinical findings. Results: The evidence supports the hypothesis that BED is an impulse control disorder with similarities to ADHD, including responsiveness to catecholaminergic drugs, for example LDX and dasotraline. The target product profile (TPP) of the ideal BED drug combines treating the psychopathological drivers of the disorder with an independent weight-loss effect. Drugs with proven efficacy in BED have a common pharmacology; they potentiate central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. Because of the overlap between pharmacotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and BED, drug-candidates from diverse pharmacological classes, which have already failed in ADHD would also be predicted to fail if tested in BED. The failure in BED trials of drugs with diverse pharmacological mechanisms indicates many possible avenues for drug discovery can probably be discounted. Conclusions: (1) The efficacy of drugs for BED is dependent on reducing its core psychopathologies of impulsivity, compulsivity and perseveration and by increasing cognitive control of eating. (2) The analysis revealed a large number of pharmacological mechanisms are unlikely to be productive in the search for effective new BED drugs. (3) The most promising areas for new treatments for BED are drugs, which augment noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission and/or those which are effective in ADHD.
β-adrenoceptor antagonists and nightmares: A pharmacoepidemiological–pharmacodynamic study
Authors: Garcia Philippe , Montastruc Jean-Louis , Rousseau Vanessa , Hamard Jacques , Sommet Agnès , Montastruc François 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To compare different β-adrenoceptor antagonists for the risk of reporting nightmare. Methods: The study involved two approaches: first, we investigated in VigiBase®, the World Health Organization Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR) database, the disproportionality between exposure to each β-adrenoceptor antagonists and reports of nightmares between 1967 and 2019. Second, in a pharmacoepidemiological–pharmacodynamic analysis, we assessed whether use of β-adrenoceptor antagonists with moderate and high lipid solubility or strong 5-HT1A affinity were associated with an increased risk of reporting nightmares. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to estimate reporting odds ratios (RORs) of nightmares compared to all other adverse drug reactions. Results: Of the 126,964 reports recorded with β-adrenoceptor antagonists, 1138 (0.9%) were nightmares. The highest risk of reporting a nightmare was found with exposure of pindolol (adjusted ROR 2.82, 95%CI, 2.19–3.61), metoprolol (1.89, 1.66–2.16), and alprenolol (1.77, 1.06–2.97). Compared to use of low lipid solubility β-adrenoceptor antagonists, use of moderate or high lipid solubility β-adrenoceptor antagonists were significantly more associated with nightmare reports (aROR moderate vs. low 1.72, 95%CI 1.47–2.00 and aROR high vs. low 1.84, 95%CI 1.53–2.22). Use of moderate or high 5-HT1A affinity of β-adrenoceptor antagonists was associated with an increased ROR of nightmares compared with low 5-HT1A affinity of β-adrenoceptor antagonists (aROR moderate vs. low 1.22, 95%CI 1.04–1.43 and aROR high vs. low 2.46, 95%CI 1.93–3.13). Conclusion: In our large pharmacovigilance study, nightmares are more frequently reported for pindolol and metoprolol, and among β-adrenoceptor antagonists with high lipid solubility and high 5-HT1A receptor affinity.