bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Extraction Technique of Rich Antibacterial Compounds in Sargassum cristaefolium Using Different Solvents and Testing their Activity
Authors: Susilo Bambang , Rohim Abd. , Wahyu Midia Lestari 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Sargassum cristaefolium, as one of the brown seaweeds locally found in
Indonesia, is extracted using the serial technique employing different solvents.

Methods:
S. cristaefolium powder (50 mesh) was extracted with three different solvents, including
hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. S. cristaefolium powder residue was dried prior to serial re-extraction
using different solvents. Three serial extracts were obtained and named as 1-stage extract,
2-stage extract, and 3-stage extract. Besides, a single-step extract (i.e., extraction using only
methanol) was produced to be compared with three serial extracts in antibacterial activity tests (against
E. coli and S. aureus). The three serial extracts were detected for their antibacterial compounds
using GC-MS, LC-HRMS, and FT-IR.

Results:
The 3-stage extract exhibited the highest extraction yield. On S. aureus, the inhibition
zone in all extracts was not significantly different. On E.coli, the highest inhibition zone
(5.42±0.14 mm) was of the 3-stage extract; indeed, it was higher than both antibiotic and a single-
step extract. Antibacterial compounds, such as phenol, 9-Tricosene(Z)-, palmitic acid, and
oleamide, were present in all extracts. Other antibacterial compound types, both the 1-stage and 2-stage
extracts, contained 7 types, whilst the 3-stage extract contained the most types (11 types). Particularly,
hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, betaine and several cinnamic aldehyde groups were detected only
in the 3-stage extract comprising the dominant area. The carboxylic acid groups were detected in
all extracts to confirm the fatty acid structure.

Conclusions:
The serial extraction technique could produce the 3-stage extract which exhibited the
strongest antibacterial activity and contained the richest antibacterial compounds.
Deep Neck Infections: Decisional Algorithm for Patients with Multiple
Spaces Involvement
Authors: Viola Pasquale , Ricciardiello Filippo , Mazzone Salvatore , Guggino Gianluca , Longo Giuseppe , Napolitano Alberto , Russo Giuseppe , Sequino Giulio , Oliva Flavia , Salomone Pasquale , Perrella Marco , Romano Giovanni Marco , Cinaglia Pietro , Abate Teresa , Gargiulo Maurizio , Pisani Davide , Chiarella Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Deep Neck Infections (DNIs) spread along fascial planes and involve
neck spaces. Recently, their incidence has decreased due to the introduction of antibiotics; nevertheless,
complications related to DNIs are often life-threatening.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is focused on the identification of predisposing factors of these
complications, as well as on the development of a reliable therapeutic algorithm.

Method:
Sixty patients with DNIs were enrolled from 2006 to 2019 for a retrospective study. The
exclusion criteria for the present study were cellulitis, small abscesses responding to empiric or specific
antibiotic therapy, or involvement of only one deep neck space. During the analysis, the following
parameters of interest have been evaluated: gender, age, site of origin, pathways of spread,
comorbidities, clinical features, bacteriology data, type of surgical approach required, complications,
duration of hospitalization and mortality rate. On admission, microbial swab analysis was
performed.

Results:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), iron deficiency
anemia and the involvement of multiple spaces have been associated with a significantly higher
risk of developing complications. Most of our patients had polymicrobial infections. All patients
underwent surgical drainage. The complication rate had occurred in 56.6% of patients, while death
in 18.3%.

Conclusion:
DNIs represent a medical and surgical emergency with potentially serious complications;
thus, avoidance of diagnostic delay is mandatory. Our preliminary data suggest the importance
of evaluating the extent of infections because the involvement of multiple spaces requires
timely surgery due to the higher risk of complications and mortality.
Molecular and Metabolomic Investigation of Celecoxib Antiproliferative Activity in
Mono-and Combination Therapy against Breast Cancer Cell Models
Authors: Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Akileh Bushra M. , Shalabi Dana D. , AlHiary Afnan K. , Pawling Judy , Dennis James W. , Rahman Anas M. Abdel 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the initiation, promotion, and invasion of tumors,
and thus the antiproliferative effects of numerous anti-inflammatory drugs have been frequently reported in the literature.
Upregulation of the pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been linked to various human
cancers, including breast cancer.

Objective:
This research aims to investigate the antiproliferative activity of different Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), including COX-2 selective and non-selective agents, against various breast cancer cell lines and to
elucidate possible molecular pathways involved in their activity.

Methods:
The antiproliferative and combined effects of NSAIDs with raloxifene were evaluated by MTT assay. Cell
migration was assessed using a wound-healing assay. The mechanism of cell death was determined using the Annexin
V-FITC/ propidium iodide staining flow cytometry method. A mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics approach
was used to profile the metabolomic changes induced in the T47d cells upon drug treatment.

Results:
Our results have demonstrated that celecoxib, a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor, resulted in significant
antiproliferative activity against all examined breast cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 95.44, 49.50. and 97.70 μM
against MDA-MB-231, T47d, and MCF-7, respectively. Additionally, celecoxib exhibited a synergistic effect against
T47d cells combined with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Interestingly, celecoxib treatment increased
cell apoptosis and resulted in substantial inhibition of cancer cell migration. In addition, the metabolomic analysis
suggests that celecoxib may have affected metabolites (n = 43) that are involved in several pathways, including the
tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acids metabolism pathways, and energy production pathways in cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Celecoxib may possess potential therapeutic utility for breast cancer treatment as monotherapy or in combination
therapy. The reported metabolic changes taking place upon celecoxib treatment may shed light on possible
molecular targets mediating the antiproliferative activity of celecoxib in an independent manner of its COX-2 inhibition.
Analysis between Linagliptin and Azithromycin: In vitro and In vivo
Interaction Study
Authors: Sohel Md. Didaruzzaman , Asif Faisal , Mondal Tonmoy Kumar , Sumon Md. Helal Uddin , Kawsar Md. Hassan 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Linagliptin is prescribed as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.
Azithromycin is specified as an antibiotic that binds with 23s rRNA of the 50s ribosomal subunit,
obstructing the microbial protein synthesis. Our study focuses on the drug-drug interactions of these
drugs.

Objective:
The purpose of the study is to understand the bioavailability and physicochemical approaches
of Linagliptin and Azithromycin interaction mediated through the strength and nature of
the complexation.

Methods:
The in vitro assessment of drug interaction was conducted using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
(UV/VIS), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed for the in vivo assessment of drug interaction in a mouse
model.

Results:
Mild variation in interaction was observed at different pH values at a specific temperature
by Job's and Ardon's equations. In UPLC, the drug mixture assessment showed that the area of Linagliptin
was 2013793, and the area of Azithromycin was 54631 in 50 mg/l. The height of Linagliptin
in the drug mixture was 579234, and that of Azithromycin was 11442. For Azithromycin,
the wavelength of 731.02 cm-1, 993.34 cm-1, 1379.10 cm-1, and 1718.58 cm-1 decreased in the mixture.
Also, for Linagliptin, the wavelength 1363.67 cm-1, 1473.62 cm-1, and 1718.58 cm-1 decreased
in the drug mixture. The melting endotherm was 125.55°C, melting normalized energy was -3.0
W/mg, and 225.75°C with melting normalized energy of -5.5 W/mg of the drug mixture as indicated
by DSC. In the OGTT test, the blood glucose level of Linagliptin decreased in the drug mixture
by 13.58 % and 57.25%.

Conclusion:
Hence, the concomitant administration of Linagliptin and Azithromycin simultaneously
might reduce the therapeutic effect of the drug complex.
An Overview on the Role of miR-451 in Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy,
and Prognosis
Authors: Soofiyani Saiedeh Razi , Hosseini Kamram , Soleimanian Alireza , Abkhooei Liela , Hoseini Akbar Mohammad , Tarhriz Vahideh , Ghasemnejad Tohid 
Published: September 2021

:
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved non-coding RNAs involved in many physiological
processes such as cell proliferation, inhibition, development of apoptosis, differentiation,
suppression of tumorigenicity, and regulation of cell growth. The description of the alterations of
miRNA expression patterns in cancers will be helpful in recognizing biomarkers for early detection
and possible therapeutic intervention in the treatment of cancers. Recent studies have shown that
miR-451 is broadly dysregulated in lung cancer and is a crucial agent in lung tumor progression.
This review summarizes recent advances in the potential role of miR-451 in lung cancer diagnosis,
prognosis, and treatment and provides an insight into the potential use of miR-451 for the development
of advanced therapeutic methods in lung cancer.
A Computer-Based Interactive Narrative and a Serious Game for Children With Asthma: Development and Content Validity Analysis
Authors: Sarasmita Made Ary , Larasanty Luh Putu Febryana , Kuo Li-Na , Cheng Kuei-Ju , Chen Hsiang-Yin 
Published: September 2021

Background
Nonadherence to medications, failure to prevent exposure to asthma triggers, lack of knowledge about using medications, and fixed mindsets contribute to poor asthma control in children. Digital learning could provide a new strategy for improving health-related outcomes in children with asthma.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop and design a digital educational program, titled Module of Inhaler and Asthma Triggers for Children (MIRACLE), for Indonesian children with asthma. The program comprises an interactive narrative and a serious game. It was proposed to increase the understanding of asthma self-management, instruct on proper inhaler techniques, improve asthma control, and promote a growth mindset for children with asthma.

Methods
Two phases of research were conducted to develop the program. In the first phase, a literature search and two rounds of the Delphi technique were conducted to obtain agreement from an expert panel regarding elements of asthma self-management and the design of interactive narratives and a serious game. The expert panel item statements were evaluated using the content validity index (CVI). In the second phase, the SERES framework, Norma Engaging Multimedia Design, and Psychological Theory of Growth Mindset were applied to create a storyline, learn objectives, and game challenges.

Results
In the first phase, 40 experts were invited to participate in Delphi round 1. Forty responses were collected to generate 38 item statements that consisted of part 1, elements of asthma self-management (25 items), and part 2, design of an interactive narrative and a serious game (13 items); 38 experts were involved in Delphi round 2. In total, 24 statements in part 1 and 13 items in part 2 had item-CVI values >0.80. The average CVI was 0.9, which was considered acceptable. Four narrative plots and five game sessions were developed during the second phase. Challenges with the scenario, scoring, and feedback on asthma difficulties were designed to promote a growth mindset for learners.

Conclusions
We developed a culture-specific, computer-based asthma program containing an interactive narrative and a serious game to deliver asthma self-management and promote a growth mindset among Indonesian children.
El Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México / The Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Macuil Martínez Raúl 
Published: September 2021

En el presente trabajo se analizará el Códice de San Damián Tlacocalpan, que fue confeccionado en el siglo XVI en la provincia de Tlaxcala. Este documento hasta ahora no ha sido estudiado ni analizado, por lo tanto, esto nos dará la oportunidad de plantear un orden de lectura y proponer los nombres de los señores y los topónimos que se encuentran ahí. El códice tiene algunas glosas en náhuatl y otras en español, las cuales identifican algunos nombres tanto de lugares como de los personajes representados. Tal y como se puede observar en una glosa que dice: «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), quien fuera gobernador de Tlaxcala hacia 1561-1562.Abstract: In this work we will analyze the Codex of San Damián Tlacocalpan, a document that was made in the 16th century in the province of Tlaxcala. This document has not been studied or analyzed so far, therefore, this will give us the opportunity to propose a reading order, and propose the names of the homeowners and place names found in the document. The codex has some glosses in Nahuatl as in Spanish, these identify some names of both places and the characters individuals represented. As can be seen in a gloss that says «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), who was governor of Tlaxcala in the years 1561-1562.Keywords: codex; Tlaxcala; Pablo de Galicia; San Damián Tlacocalpan; Tlacamecayotl.Résumé : Dans ce travail, nous analyserons le Codex de San Damián Tlacocalpan, un document qui a été réalisé au XVIe siècle dans la province de Tlaxcala. Ce document n’a pas été étudié ou analysé jusqu’à présent, par conséquent, cela nous donnera l’occasion de proposer un ordre de lecture, et de proposer les noms des personnges et les noms de lieux trouvés dans le document. Le codex a quelques gloses en nahuatl comme en espagnol, celles-ci identifient quelques noms des deux endroits et des caracteres individus représentés. Comme on peut le voir dans un gloss qui dit qu’aucun «no sobrino Pablo de Galicia» (‘mi sobrino Pablo de Galicia’), qui était gouverneur de Tlaxcala dans les années 1561-1562.Mots-clés: Codex ; Tlaxcala ; Pablo de Galicia ; San Damián Tlacocalpan ; Tlacamecayotl.
Frontera, extracción agrícola y nuevas lógicas de apropiación en Talamanca, Costa Rica / Border, agricultural extractivism and new forms of appropriation in Talamanca, Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Echavarría Tania 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo busca generar una reflexión sobre cómo el cantón fronterizo de Talamanca (Costa Rica y Panamá) ha fungido como un espacio de oportunidad para la expansión del extractivismo agrícola (banano y plátano) y la transferencia tecnológica; y, al mismo tiempo, por su riqueza ambiental, ha sido un laboratorio para la conservación internacional. Demostraremos, a través de la etnografía crítica, cómo en este territorio las actividades extractivas se han ido diversificando alrededor del cultivo del cacao, introduciendo nuevas formas de extracción, como la apropiación del conocimiento local, la introducción de nuevas estrategias productivas y la modificación del material genético. Esto con el fin de transformar el modo de producción indígena del cacao para hacerlo más resistente y competitivo, e integrarlo a la lógica del mercado. Abstract: This article seeks to generate a reflection on how the border canton of Talamanca (Costa Rica and Panama) has served as a space of opportunity for the expansion of agricultural extractivism (banana and plantain) and technology transfer, and at the same time, due to its environmental richness, has been a laboratory for international conservation. We will demonstrate, through critical ethnography, how in this territory, extractive activities have been diversifying around cocoa cultivation, introducing new forms of extraction such as the appropriation of local knowledge, the introduction of new productive strategies and the modification of genetic material. The aim is to transform the indigenous mode of cocoa production to make it more resistant and competitive, and to integrate it into the logic of the market. Keywords: borders; extractivism; monoculture; cocoa; Costa Rica.Resumé : Cet article vise à susciter une réflexion sur la manière dont le canton frontalier de Talamanca (Costa Rica et Panama) a servi d’espace d’opportunité pour l’expansion de l’extractivisme agricole (banane et plantain) et le transfert de technologie, et en même temps, grâce à sa richesse environnementale, un laboratoire pour la conservation internationale. Nous montrerons, à travers une ethnographie critique, comment dans ce territoire, les activités extractives se sont diversifiées autour de la culture du cacao, introduisant de nouvelles formes d’extraction telles que l’appropriation des savoirs locaux, l’introduction de nouvelles stratégies de production et la modification du matériel génétique. Ceci, afin de transformer le mode de production indigène du cacao pour le rendre plus résistant et compétitif, et l’intégrer dans la logique du marché.Mots-clés : frontières ; extractivisme ; monocultures ; cacao ; Costa Rica.
Género, desastres ambientales y consumo de agua embotellada. El caso de la cuenca del río Sonora
Authors: Vázquez-García Verónica 
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: estudiar desde la perspectiva de género el consumo de agua embotellada en el contexto del desastre ambiental que provocó el derrame de 40 000 m3 de lixiviados de cobre en el río Sonora. Metodología: se realizaron 40 entrevistas, un taller y se aplicaron 28 cuestionarios en distintas localidades de la cuenca. Resultados: el agua embotellada de distintas marcas y precios se ha convertido en un elemento de diferenciación entre las mujeres. Limitaciones: se requiere ampliar la muestra y realizar análisis biomédicos para profundizar en el estudio. Valor: se contribuye a explicar los factores que intervienen en la sustitución del agua de la llave por la embotellada en la cuenca del río Sonora. Conclusiones: el enfoque de género ayuda a entender las decisiones que toman las mujeres en relación con el agua para consumo humano.
Del ‘aire filosófico’ a los ‘aires químicos’
Authors: Chamizo José Antonio 
Published: September 2021

<span id="docs-internal-guid-fb86ee01-7fff-80c8-6f47-741e6a39e0bf"><span>El aire es uno de los cuatro elementos que surgieron con la filosofía griega. El ‘aire filosófico’ se transformó con el paso de los años y particularmente a partir de la Primera Revolución Química en una diversidad de ‘aires químicos’, que con el desarrollo de prácticas químicas experimentales y con la inclusión de diversos instrumentos pudieron ser identificados en cantidades extraordinariamente pequeñas. La pureza de las sustancias químicas forma parte de una trayectoria técnica, que a finales del siglo XX llevó al surgimiento de la química atmosférica, cuyos principales protagonistas fueron J. Lovelock, S. Rowland y M. Molina.</span></span>
Marketing Cardiovascular Mortality? Healthy vs. Unhealthy Food in Television Advertising
Authors: Ikram Mashaal , Williams Kim A , Hill Khari 
Published: September 2021

Background:Cardiovascular disease has been the leading killer of Americans since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, social distancing and stay-at-home requests, there has been increased television (TV) engagement, and marketing has become more impactful in modifying consumer behaviors.
Objective: We evaluated the healthfulness of food marketing, based on commercials most frequently aired on American primetime networks during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Methods:We reviewed a total of 104 TV commercials, 89 chosen randomly during TV watching and 14 targeted to enrich the sample with the leading quick service restaurants (“fast-food chains”). The commercials fell into 4 categories: 1) fast-food chains, 2) brand-recognized individual items, 3) grocery chains, and 4) home-delivery meals. The food items displayed in each commercial were recorded and scored based on the previously validated healthful versus unhealthful nutrition scoring system, assigning either positive or negative values for each food item in the commercial.
Results:We found that 58% of the commercials advertised fast-food chains (mean score = -3.1, i.e., 3.1 more unhealthy than healthy items per commercial), while 27% were brand-recognized individual items (-0.82), 9% were grocery chains (-0.4), and 6% were for home-delivery meals (0.83); each was less unhealthy than fast-food (p< 0.0001).
Conclusions:Commercial TV in the US routinely promotes the consumption of foods that are known to be unhealthy, particularly those underpinning cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Regulation and/or legislation to curtail the frequency and/or content of these commercials, and consider a ban on such advertising to children, similar to that previously employed in Canada and the European Union.
Identifikasi Tingkat Kerusakan Jalan Raya Menggunakan Thresholding Dan K-Means
Authors: Fiyah Nur 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>Jalan merupakan sarana transportasi darat yang meliputi segala bagian jalan, termasuk bagunan pelengkap dan perlengkapannya yang diperuntukan bagi lalu lintas yang berada pada permukaan tanah, diatas permukaan tanah, serta diatas permukaan air kecuali jalan kereta api, jalan lori, dan jalan kabel. Jalan berlubang dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu kondisi dimana struktural dan fungsional jalan sudah tidak mampu lagi memberikan pelayanan yang normal dan optimal terhadap lalu lintas yang melintas pada jalan raya tersebut, yang berbentuk seperti mangkuk pada permukaan jalan dan dimensi lubang pada umumnya adalah 150 mm. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengolahan citra berupa identifikasi tingkat kerusakan pada citra jalan berlubang di jalan raya menggunakan algoritma Thresholding dan K-Means, setelah itu dilakukan penghitungan diamter agar dapat diketahui tingkat kerusakan pada citra jalan berlubang di jalan raya. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh citra jalan berlubang sebanyak 26 citra, dengan 21 citra tersegmentasi dengan baik dengan menggunakan program yang telah dirancang.</em><em> </em><em></em></p>