bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatible organic and natural solvent mixture of synthesising biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Othman R. , Mun G.K. , Sinnathamby N. , Gopinanth S. C. B. , Ekanem E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Flory-Huggins model interaction explained the compatibility and extent of polymer dissolution in selected solvent mixtures via Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP). Metastable zone where nucleation of NPs would start was determined by the solvent mixture – polymer – water interaction. Simulation results explained that the combination of acetone-chloroform (0.20:0.80) was better than acetone-ethyl lactate (0.40:0.60) for PCL solvation while ethyl lactate-dimethyl sulfoxide (0.60:0.40) was better for PLA solvation as compared to ethyl lactate-acetone (0.80:0.20). Nanoprecipitation with aqueous to organic volume ratio of 10 was used to prepare the biodegradable PCL nanoparticles for experimental validation. The organic phase was 1 g L−1 PCL in solvents or solvent mixtures and the antisolvent was deionized (DI) water. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were used to examine the morphology and size of nanoparticles formed. Results showed that the acetone-chloroform with volume fraction of 0.20 to 0.80 was the best solvent mixture for PCL in producing NPs with the mean size less than 100 nm. Solvent mixture proved by numerical simulation and experimental validation, able to enhance the affinity of polymer (PCL or PLA) for water to produce nanoparticles with much smaller size.
Modelling Teachers’ Perceptions Towards Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) among Secondary School in Kota Bharu
Authors: Sobri Norafefah Mohamad , Ramli Wan Khairiyah Hulaina Wan , Razak Nor Fatihah Abd , Ismail Idari , Rosdi Mohamad Hafiz Asyraf Mohammad , Shupian Muhammad Hazwan Hariz Mohd , Hamdan Harith Farhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In an era of Education 5.0 where technology is advancing, Science Technology Engineering Mathematics education (STEM) is one of the important aspects. Teachers play an important role to support students in developing better awareness towards the importance of STEM education. Unfortunately, recent statistics show that there is a lack of students’ participation in choosing STEM education. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the teacher’s perception on factors which might influence students’ lack of interest towards Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) in secondary schools located in Kota Bharu. There are several factors that affect students’ interest in STEM education which are attitude, management policy, learning method and gender of students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 290 secondary school teachers in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. A combination of stratified sampling and cluster sampling technique was applied to collect data. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression revealed that management policy and learning methods were significantly associated with teachers’ perception. Findings from this study indicated that it may be effective to increase the students’ interest towards STEM education by improving the management policies and learning method.
Supervised and Unsupervised Data Mining Techniques on Employability of Public Higher Learning Institute Graduates in Malaysia
Authors: Pauzi Wan Nurul Dalilah Wan , Hasan Haliza , Mahmud Zamalia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is the students’ dream to secure a job right after graduation. However, there are factors that hinder their employability. This study aims to predict Malaysian graduates’ employment status based on employability factors and to profile the graduates’ satisfaction towards their curricular activities and information and communications technology (ICT) skills. A total of 375,507 student records were obtained based on tracer studies conducted by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education between 2015 and 2018. Due to the large amount of data with various categories, supervised and unsupervised data mining techniques were used to unmask the underlying variables and reveal hidden information about graduates’ employability for better tracing the employment status of graduates. Various types of consolidation techniques were also used to reduce the number of levels for categorical inputs in the dataset, namely, classifiers without consolidation, with manual consolidation, and with tree consolidation. Three types of data mining variable selections were used to improve the performance of the classifiers in predicting employment status. The results show that logistic regression (LR) without variable selection is the best classifier for data without consolidation, while LR using variable selection with LR stepwise is the best classifier for data with manual and tree consolidations. In profiling the satisfaction of graduates, K-Means Clustering was used, which revealed seven clusters. The most prominent cluster consisted of graduates who were highly satisfied with their ICT skills but less satisfied with their curricular activities. These data mining techniques were able to trace graduates’ employment status and identify the success factors of graduates’ employability.
Role of Clustering Method in Items Delivery Optimization
Authors: Yudhanegara Mokhammad Ridwan , Indratno Sapto Wahyu , Sari Kurnia Novita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the process of items delivery, the map of the destination locations is represented as a network. The network is used to facilitate vehicles for items delivery. This paper provides an overview of the importance of the clustering method in items delivery optimization. The simulation compares the minimum distance between items delivery using the clustering method and the classic method. The results show that optimization using the clustering method has the total minimum distance.
Numerical solution of a Gamma - integral equation using a higher order composite Newton-Cotes formulas
Authors: Nzokem Aubain H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The paper aims at solving a complex equation with Gamma - integral. The solution is the infected size (p) at equilibrium. The approaches are both numerical and analytical methods. As a numerical method, the higher-order composite Newton-Cotes formula is developed and implemented. The results show that the infected size (p) increases along with the shape parameter (k). But the increase has two phases: an increasing rate phase and a decreasing rate phase; both phases can be explained by the instantaneous death rate characteristics of the Gamma distribution hazard function. As an analytical method, the Extreme Value Theory consolidates the numerical solutions of the infected size (p) when k ≥ 1 and provides a solution limit (

p
=
1
−

1

2
R

) as k goes to +∞.
SIR Mathematical Model of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion Applied to the COVID-19 Pandemic Data in Indonesia to Control the Spread of the Disease
Authors: Husniah Hennie , Ruhanda  , Supriatna Asep Kuswandi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper we develop a mathematical model of disease transmission dynamics. Although some vaccines for some infectious diseases are available, there are some cases where handling new emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 pandemic, is still a difficult problem to handle. Preventive actions, such as wearing masks, distance guarding, frequent hand washing, and others are still the most important interventions in handling the transmission of this disease. Recently, several countries have allowed the use of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in the management of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients. Several early studies of this use have yielded prospective results with reduced mortality rates. A recent work also shows that using a simple discrete mathematical model of CPT could reduce the outbreak of disease transmission, in the sense of reducing the peak number of active cases and the length of the outbreak itself. In this paper, we use a continuous SIR model applied to COVID-19 pandemic data in Indonesia to address an important question whether convalescent plasma transfusion may reduce the transmission of the disease.
Shifted Genocchi Polynomials Operational Matrix for Solving Fractional Order Stiff System
Authors: Isah Abdulnasir , Phang Chang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we solve the fractional order stiff system using shifted Genocchi polynomials operational matrix. Different than the well known Genocchi polynomials, we shift the interval from [0, 1] to [1, 2] and name it as shifted Genocchi polynomials. Using the nice properties of shifted Genocchi polynomials which inherit from classical Genocchi polynomials, the shifted Genocchi polynomials operational matrix of fractional derivative will be derived. Collocation scheme are used together with the operational matrix to solve some fractional order stiff system. From the numerical examples, it is obvious that only few terms of shifted Genocchi polynomials is sufficient to obtain result in high accuracy.
A Comparative Analysis on Algebraic Questions in Chinese and Indonesian textbook
Authors: Huang Yuxian , Zhou Ying , Wijaya Tommy Tanu , Kuang Kai , Zhao Mingli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Textbook has a significant impact on students’ mathematical ability. This research aims to analyse algebraic questions in Chinese and Indonesian junior high school textbooks. This research was done at Guangxi Normal University, China from November to December 2020. The textbook analysis was done using a quantitative method on three aspects, which were presentation, context, and type of answer. Other aspects considered were proportional of algebra chapter in the textbook and how questions were presented. Chinese textbooks gave more contextual questions but there were a lot more of open-ended questions in the Indonesian textbook. From this research, we can conclude that both Indonesian and Chinese textbooks have their own advantages that can be adopted in both countries. Future research can talk about how class activity and teacher teaching method can affect students’ mathematical ability on algebra.
Optimization of a CZT photon counting detector for contaminant detection
Authors: Nguyen J. , Rodesch P.-A. , Richtsmeier D. , Iniewski K. , Bazalova-Carter M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the food industry, X-ray inspection systems are utilized
to ensure packaged food is free from physical contaminants to
maintain a high level of food safety for consumers. However, one of
the challenges in the food industry is detecting small, low-density
contaminants from packaged food. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) photon
counting detectors (PCDs) can potentially alleviate this problem
given its multi-energy bin capabilities, high spatial resolution and
ability to eliminate electronic noise, which is superior to the
conventional energy integrating detector (EID). However, the image
quality from a CZT PCD can be further improved by applying an
optimized energy bin weighting scheme that maximizes energy bin
images that provide the largest image contrast and lowest image
noise. Therefore, in this work, five contaminant materials embedded
in an acrylic phantom were imaged using a CZT PCD while the phantom
was in constant motion to mimic food products moving on a conveyor
belt. Energy bin optimization was performed by applying an
image-based weighting scheme and these results showed
contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements ranging between
1.02–1.91 relative to an equivalent EID acquisition.
Salience of multisensory feedback regulates behavioral variability
Authors: Comertler Muhammed Seyda , Uyanik Ismail 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Many animal behaviors are robust to dramatic variations in morphophysiological features, both across and within individuals. The control strategies that animals use to achieve such robust behavioral performances are not known. Recent evidence suggests that animals rely on sensory feedback rather than precise tuning of neural controllers for robust control. Here we examine the structure of sensory feedback, including multisensory feedback, for robust control of animal behavior. We re-examined two recent datasets of refuge tracking responses of Eigenmannia virescens, a species of weakly electric fish. Eigenmannia rely on both the visual and electrosensory cues to track the position of a moving refuge. The datasets include experiments that varied the strength of visual and electrosensory signals. Our analyses show that increasing the salience (perceptibility) of visual or electrosensory signals resulted in more robust and precise behavioral responses. Further, we find that robust performance was enhanced by multisensory integration of simultaneous visual and electrosensory cues. These findings suggest that engineers may achieve better system performance by improving the salience of multisensory feedback rather than solely focusing on precisely tuned controllers.
The kapok petal: superhydrophobic surface induced by microscale trichomes
Authors: Chen Junchi , Yu Shudong , Fu Ting , Xu Liang , Tang Yong , Li Zongtao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For the first time it is reported that the kapok petal shows a superhydrophobic characteristic with a static water contact angle higher than 150°. Intriguingly, there exist single-scale micro-trichomes and no more nanocrystals on a kapok petal in contrast to most natural superhydrophobic surfaces with hierarchical morphologies, such as the lotus leaf and rose petal. Experimental results show that the kapok petal has an excellent self-cleaning ability either in air or oil. Further scanning electron microscopy characterization demonstrates that the superhydrophobic state is induced by densely distributed microscale trichomes with an average diameter of 10.2 μm and a high aspect ratio of 17.5. A mechanical model is built to illustrate that the trichomes reentrant curvature should be a key factor to inducing the superhydrophobic state of the kapok petal. To support the proposed mechanism, gold-wire trichomes with a reentrant curvature are fabricated and the results show that a superhydrophobic state can be induced by the microstructures with a reentrant curvature surface. Taking the scalability and cost-efficiency of microstructure fabrication into account, we believe the biomimetic structures inspired by the superhydrophobic kapok petal can find numerous applications that require a superhydrophobic state.
Functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold promotes dental pulp regeneration
Authors: Liu Yijuan , Fan Lina , Lin Xuemei , Zou Luning , Li Yaoyao , Ge Xinting , Fu Weihao , Zhang Zonghao , Xiao Kuancheng , Lv Hongbing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
RADA16-I is an ion-complementary self-assembled peptide with a regular folded secondary conformation and can be assembled into an ordered nanostructure. Dentonin is an extracellular matrix phosphate glycoprotein functional peptide motif-containing RGD and SGDG motifs. In this experiment, we propose to combine RAD and Dentonin to form a functionalized self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin hydrogel scaffold. Furthermore, we expect that the RAD with the addition of functional motif Dentonin can promote pulp regeneration. The study analyzed the physicochemical properties of RAD/Dentonin through circular dichroism, morphology scanning, and rheology. Besides, we examined the scaffold’s biocompatibility by immunofluorescent staining, CCK-8 method, Live/Dead fluorescent staining, and 3D reconstruction. Finally, we applied ALP activity assay, RT-qPCR, and Alizarin red S staining to detect the effect of RAD/Dentonin on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). The results showed that RAD/Dentonin spontaneously assembles into a hydrogel with a β-sheet-based nanofiber network structure. In vitro, RAD/Dentonin has superior biocompatibility and enhances adhesive proliferation, migration, odontogenic differentiation, and mineralization deposition of hDPSCs. In conclusion, the novel self-assembled peptide RAD/Dentonin is a new scaffold material suitable for cell culture and has promising applications as a scaffold for endodontic tissue engineering.
What do we mean, ‘tipping cascade’?
Authors: Klose Ann Kristin , Wunderling Nico , Winkelmann Ricarda , Donges Jonathan F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Based on suggested interactions of potential tipping elements in the Earth’s climate and in ecological systems, tipping cascades as possible dynamics are increasingly discussed and studied. The activation of such tipping cascades would impose a considerable risk for human societies and biosphere integrity. However, there are ambiguities in the description of tipping cascades within the literature so far. Here we illustrate how different patterns of multiple tipping dynamics emerge from a very simple coupling of two previously studied idealized tipping elements. In particular, we distinguish between a two phase cascade, a domino cascade and a joint cascade. A mitigation of an unfolding two phase cascade may be possible and common early warning indicators are sensitive to upcoming critical transitions to a certain degree. In contrast, a domino cascade may hardly be stopped once initiated and critical slowing down-based indicators fail to indicate tipping of the following element. These different potentials for intervention and anticipation across the distinct patterns of multiple tipping dynamics should be seen as a call to be more precise in future analyses of cascading dynamics arising from tipping element interactions in the Earth system.
Performance and emission characteristics of biogas-bio diesel fuelled RCCI engine at various butanol-gasoline injection timings
Authors: Bhuvanashankar P , Bindu S B , Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa , Nova Hamsadhwan B , Krishna Ganesh V , Amarnath M , Gobinath N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Energy, a basic need of human life, has been playing significant role behind many technological developments. Most of the world’s commercial energy requirements are fulfilled by using fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels releases toxic gases which in further turns as a source of pollution for the environment, globally. The present research work focused on minimizing the emissions that emerges during combustion in an IC engine through Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode. The performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder CI engine are analyzed with 3 different fuels; biodiesel, butanol-gasoline (1:4 ratio), and biogas. The operational loads taken for the present study falls in the range from 5 N-m to 20 N-m at the engine speed of 1800 RPM. The influence of biogas on the emission characteristics is exclusively carried out with two different flow rates; 12lpm and 16lpm. The injection timings for butanol-gasoline blend are varied from 0 to 8ms. Fuel properties such as Viscosity, Vapor pressure, Density, Cloud point, Pour point, and Flashpoint are estimated. Engine parameters such as Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Volumetric Efficiency (VE), HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, Peak pressure, Heat Release Rate (HRR), Ignition Delay, are analyzed. It is observed from the experiments that increasing injection time of pilot fuel - increases the HC and CO emissions; reduces the NOx emissions; decreases the smoke level with increase in biogas flow rate; and decreases the BTE, VE, and HRR
Development of a Flame Shield for use in Domestic Gas Stoves
Authors: Srinivasan Naveen Raj , Venkateshwaran Akash , Akash Menon S , Chamala Vaishnavi J , Srajaysikhar D , Janardhan Reddy K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Gas stove is one of the most common and basic domestic appliances found in any home in the subcontinent. It is the foremost article used for cooking at home, and thus necessitates interaction with it by the users in a significant way. Despite the advent of more advanced devices like the microwave oven or the induction cooktop, a traditional gas stove reigns supreme in the lives of homemakers. Therefore, an endeavor was undertaken to design a product that would improve the usage and performance of a gas stove, by way of alleviating the general problems faced by users in its operation. Design thinking strategies had been followed throughout the stages of the product development, beginning with a customer survey to understand the desirable needs, followed by translating them into tangible target specifications for the product to achieve, and finally using the ideation techniques to develop the concepts into feasible product. The morphological method of concept generation yielded possible concepts aimed towards a solution, which were evaluated by following the analysis techniques of Forced Decision (FD) and Decision Alternative Ratio Evaluation (DARE). The filtered concept was then subjected to product architecture design, where it was given an efficient physical form by using the Computer Aided Design (CAD) software SolidWorks, and lastly, the parametric design result was evaluated by means of various Design For Excellence (DFX) guidelines. The product turned out to be an appendage to the existing stove, that would shield the flame and provide efficient operation along with enhanced safety and ease of use, as validated by DFX principles and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study to gauge its performance in relation to that of a standalone gas stove. This paper comprises of expositions of all the aforementioned processes as carried out, along with the final result, and pertinent analyses.
Performance and emission characteristics of dual fuel engine using biodiesels
Authors: Kumar Nikhil Muthu , Bhavsar Harsh , Sakthivel G , Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa , Karunamurthy K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The introduction of the strict emissions norms is diverting the research for the development of new technologies which leads to the reduction of engine exhaust emissions. The usage of biodiesel in CI engine can enhance air quality index and protects the environment. Biodiesel can do an increment in the life of CI engines because it is clean-burning and a stable fuel when compared to diesel. Moreover, biogas has the potential to decrease both nitrogen oxides and smoke emissions simultaneously. Operating the engine in dual-fuel mode can provide lower emissions and a proper substitute for diesel. In this research, a modified CI Engine with single cylinder is used. Biogas is used as primary fuel and diesel, Mahua oil-diesel blend and Fish oil-diesel blend are used as secondary fuel. The effect of various secondary fuel blends on performance and emission characteristics in dual fuel engine are compared. In light of the performance and emission qualities it is reasoned that, utilization of the dual fuel mode in engine signifies the durability and lessens the harmful emissions from the engine with the exception of hydrocarbon and CO emissions. The excessive viscosity of fish oil and mahua oil prompts inconvenience in siphoning and spray attributes. The incompetent mixing of raw fish oil and raw mahua oil with diesel and biogas including air leads to incomplete combustion.