bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and immunogenicity of a first dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cells recipients
Authors: Chevallier Patrice , Coste‐Burel Marianne , Le Bourgeois Amandine , Peterlin Pierre , Garnier Alice , Béné Marie C. , Imbert Berthe‐Marie , Drumel Thomas , Le Gouill Steven , Moreau Philippe , Mahe Beatrice , Dubruille Viviane , Blin Nicolas , Lok Anne , Touzeau Cyrille , Gastinne Thomas , Jullien Maxime , Vanthygem Sophie , Guillaume Thierry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis was a monocentric prospective study testing the efficacy and safety of a first injection of BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech) in 112 Allo‐HSCT patients. Antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain was tested at the time of the second injection (Roche Elecsys). The study also included a non‐randomized control arm of 26 healthy controls. This study shows that a first dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 messenger RNA vaccine is safe and provides a 55% rate of seroconversion in allotransplanted patients compared to 100% for the controls (p < 0.001). Factors influencing the absence of response in patients were recent transplantation (<2 years), lymphopenia (<1 × 109/L) and immunosuppressive treatment or chemotherapy at the time of vaccination.
Variability of the precipitation over the Tianshan Mountains, Central Asia. Part II: Multi‐decadal precipitation trends and their association with atmospheric circulation in both the winter and summer seasons
Authors: Guan Xuefeng , Yao Junqiang , Schneider Christoph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe annual precipitation over the Tianshan Mountains experienced an inter‐decadal transition shift towards an increasing trend in the late 1980s. This study conducts attribution analysis from atmospheric circulation factors based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset and NCEP/NACR reanalysis data. The results show that (a) Winter precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains is affected by multi‐decadal oscillations with periods of 26.8 and 44.7 years, and has entered a period of positive anomalies after 1988. Although the non‐linear trend of winter precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains firstly increased and then decreased after 1979, the multi‐decadal fluctuation of precipitation caused the Tianshan Mountains in winter to be in a wet period from the 1980s until 2011. (b) We find that the East Atlantic‐West Russia (EATL/WRUS) teleconnection pattern has a similar multi‐decadal variability as Tianshan precipitation in winter. The wet period of Tianshan in winter after 1988 is mainly due to the enhanced meridional feature of the EATL/WRUS triggering more water vapour flux from low‐latitude oceanic areas. (c) Summer precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains has an obvious multi‐decadal scale of 33.5 years and shows a non‐linear growth trend. Tianshan Mountains in summer entered a humid period after 1986. (d) The Scandinavia (SCAND) teleconnection pattern represents important circulation variability affecting Tianshan summer precipitation. The vigorous high pressure over the Ural Mountains and the low pressure over Central Asia during the SCAND negative phase in summer jointly lead to enhanced moisture transport from the Arctic Ocean to the Tianshan Mountains. (e) Apart from SCAND, the Silk Road pattern (SRP) and East Asia‐Pacific teleconnection (EAP) also impacted Tianshan summer precipitation during the periods 1964–1984 and 1985–2004.
Exploring controls of the early and stepped deglaciation on the western margin of the British Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Benetti Sara , Chiverrell Richard C. , Cofaigh Colm Ó , Burke Matt , Medialdea Alicia , Small David , Ballantyne Colin , Bateman Mark D. , Callard S. Louise , Wilson Peter , Fabel Derek , Clark Chris D. , Arosio Riccardo , Bradley Sarah , Dunlop Paul , Ely Jeremy C. , Gales Jenny , Livingstone Stephen J. , Moreton Steven G. , Purcell Catriona , Saher Margot , Schiele Kevin , Van Landeghem Katrien , Weilbach Kasper 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTNew optically stimulated luminescence dating and Bayesian models integrating all legacy and BRITICE‐CHRONO geochronology facilitated exploration of the controls on the deglaciation of two former sectors of the British–Irish Ice Sheet, the Donegal Bay (DBIS) and Malin Sea ice‐streams (MSIS). Shelf‐edge glaciation occurred ~27 ka, before the global Last Glacial Maximum, and shelf‐wide retreat began 26–26.5 ka at a rate of ~18.7–20.7 m a–1. MSIS grounding zone wedges and DBIS recessional moraines show episodic retreat punctuated by prolonged still‐stands. By ~23–22 ka the outer shelf (~25 000 km2) was free of grounded ice. After this time, MSIS retreat was faster (~20 m a–1 vs. ~2–6 m a–1 of DBIS). Separation of Irish and Scottish ice sources occurred ~20–19.5 ka, leaving an autonomous Donegal ice dome. Inner Malin shelf deglaciation followed the submarine troughs reaching the Hebridean coast ~19 ka. DBIS retreat formed the extensive complex of moraines in outer Donegal Bay at 20.5–19 ka. DBIS retreated on land by ~17–16 ka. Isolated ice caps in Scotland and Ireland persisted until ~14.5 ka. Early retreat of this marine‐terminating margin is best explained by local ice loading increasing water depths and promoting calving ice losses rather than by changes in global temperatures. Topographical controls governed the differences between the ice‐stream retreat from mid‐shelf to the coast.
Multiple Kerker Anapoles in Dielectric Microspheres
Authors: Sanz‐Fernández Cristina , Molezuelas‐Ferreras Martín , Lasa‐Alonso Jon , de Sousa Nuno , Zambrana‐Puyalto Xavier , Olmos‐Trigo Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh refractive index dielectric spheres present remarkable light‐scattering properties in the spectral range dominated by dipolar modes. However, most of these properties are absent for larger spheres under plane wave illumination. Here, a proposal to unravel these dipolar regimes for larger particles under the illumination of a pure dipolar field is presented. This type of illumination ensures that the scattering response of the sphere is purely dipolar. In this scenario, it is shown that Kerker conditions are not only related to duality symmetry and a strong backward‐to‐forward asymmetric light‐scattering, but also to the appearance of non‐radiating sources: the so‐called hybrid anapoles. Finally, it is shown that all the above‐mentioned scattering features under dipolar illumination are reproducible with an experimentally accessible tightly‐focused Gaussian beam.
Myasthenia gravis exacerbation in association with antibody overshoot following plasmapheresis
Authors: Ching Jason , Richards Danielle , Lewis Richard A. , Li Yuebing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimAntibody overshoot following therapeutic plasmapheresis (PLEX) is defined by subsequent increase in antibody to levels exceeding those prior to removal. It has been infrequently described in the past, and its influence on the clinical course of myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of five patients with generalized MG treated with PLEX.ResultsAll five patients possessed antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR‐Ab). After undergoing 3 to 12 PLEX treatment sessions, AChR‐Ab titer increased to a median of 1292% of the baseline level. The median interval from the last PLEX session to peak AChR‐Ab detection was 6 wk. In four patients, AChR‐Ab overshoot was associated with a clinical deterioration.DiscussionThe AChR‐Ab overshoot may occur following PLEX. In patients who deteriorate following PLEX treatment, the presence of antibody overshoot may serve as additional guidance for treatment adjustment.
ALS patient and caregiver attitudes toward physician‐hastened death in California
Authors: Hauswirth Anna G. , George Hannah C. , Lomen‐Hoerth Catherine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSince 2016, six states have legalized physician‐hastened death (PHD). Neuromuscular disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are common diagnoses for patients who use PHD, but how patients with ALS view PHD in California has not been systematically studied. We aimed to quantify how many patients with ALS and their caregivers have considered PHD and to assess reasons to consider using or not using it.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study at one ALS center surveying patients with ALS and their caregivers. Data on disease characteristics, demographics, quality of life, and depression were also collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Qualitative data were also collected and analyzed. Patients were followed up longitudinally to assess if they died or if they used PHD.ResultsA small majority of ALS patients surveyed had considered or would consider using PHD (16/30). Patients most commonly described having intolerable symptoms, being a burden on their loved ones, and losing independence as reasons to consider using PHD. Many patients shared that “their life has purpose” and “they are making the most of their lives” as to why they are not considering PHD. Considering PHD was not related to disease severity or depression. On longitudinal follow‐up, 10 of the 30 patients have died, and none have used PHD.DiscussionPursuing PHD is a personal decision for each individual patient. This study shows that considering PHD is relatively common in ALS patients, independent of disease severity or presence of depression.
Relative effects of forced vital capacity and ALSFRS‐R on survival in ALS
Authors: Daghlas Salah A. , Govindarajan Raghav ,   the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease with marked clinical heterogeneity. This heterogeneity can be partly captured by clinical measures, such as the forced vital capacity (FVC) and ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R). We aimed to further characterize the performance of these clinical measures, including their independence and additivity, in predicting mortality.MethodsWe leveraged the Pooled Resource Open‐Access ALS Clinical Trials (PRO‐ACT ALS) database, which includes data from 23 clinical trials (n = 2050). The primary exposures were baseline FVC and ALSFRS‐R. The primary outcome was 1‐y mortality. We performed correlation analyses, survival analyses and assessed classification performance using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsFVC and ALSFRS‐R were weakly correlated (r = 0.31, p < .001). A 1‐SD increase in FVC (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.74) and ALSFRS‐R (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.68–0.82) were associated with reduced risk of 1‐y mortality. ROC analyses showed optimal predictive cutoffs at 80% for FVC (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.69) and 38 for ALSFRS‐R (AUC: 0.67). After stratifying patients based on these cutoffs, we found a marked reduction (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.33) in incident mortality for patients in the high FVC and high ALSFRS‐R group relative to the low FVC and low ALSFRS‐R group.DiscussionALSFRS‐R and FVC are comparable predictors of survival that are only weakly correlated. When considered together, they synergistically predict survival. As such, consideration of both measures should be a routine part of prognostication in care of patients with ALS.
Impact of subcutaneous immunoglobulin on quality of life in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy previously treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Vu Tuan , Anthony Natalie , Alsina Raul , Harvey Brittany , Schleutker Allison , Farias Jerrica , Dang Samuel , Suresh Niraja , Gooch Clifton 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a common therapy for patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). IVIg may cause systemic adverse events (AEs); therefore, infusion of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) may be preferred by some patients. In this study we document the experiences of patients transitioning from IVIg to SCIg.MethodsTransitioning subjects with CIDP were followed in a 6‐month prospective, open‐label study. The primary endpoint was percentage of subjects who withdrew for any reason (including significant AEs). The secondary endpoint was symptom progression or relapse requiring a change in management. Quality of life (QOL) and treatment satisfaction were assessed using the Short Form 36‐item Health Survey (SF‐36), Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), and Chronic Acquired Polyneuropathy Patient‐Reported Index (CAP‐PRI). Efficacy was assessed using the Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale, hand‐held dynamometry, limb motor strength testing (LMST), and timed 25‐ft walk (T25‐FW).ResultsFifteen CIDP subjects transitioned from IVIg to SCIg. Of these, three (20%) met the primary endpoint and one (7%) met the secondary endpoint. The SF‐36 showed a statistically significant improvement for the domain of role limitations‐physical after 24 weeks (P = .03), with no significant differences observed in other domains. TSQM and CAP‐PRI showed significant differences in favor of SCIg (P = .003 and .02, respectively). No significant differences were observed in efficacy after 24 weeks, except for LMST, which favored SCIg (P = .003). Eight of the 12 study completers (67%) continued with SCIg.DiscussionTransition to SCIg was associated with maintained efficacy and improved QOL.
Perceptions of bribery in Papua New Guinea’s public sector: Agency and structural influences
Authors: Tiki Samson , Luke Belinda , Mack Janet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores the perceptions of bribery among senior public servants within Papua New Guinea’s (PNG’s) government departments. Using structuration theory, consideration is given to individual, cultural and organisational factors influencing bribery, based on interviews with 11 senior public servants from three government departments. Findings reveal that most public servants acknowledged bribery exists in PNG’s public sector. Perceptions of and perceived reasons for bribery typically reflected prioritisation of personal agency influenced by traditional and organisational (public sector) cultural norms, rather than responsibilities and accountabilities as agents operating within formal public sector structures.
Sickle cell disease and COVID‐19: Susceptibility and severity
Authors: Sayad Babak , Karimi Mehran , Rahimi Zohreh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe surveyed published papers and an international sickle cell disease (SCD) registry to detect susceptibility and clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in SCD patients. COVID‐19 presentation was mild in children and moderate in many SCD adults. Regarding increased comorbidities with age, it seems severe COVID‐19 to be more common in older SCD patients. Although the overall outcome of COVID‐19 was favorable in SCD children, a high rate of pediatric intensive care unit admission should be considered in managing these patients. To explain COVID‐19 outcome in SCD patients, the possible benefits of hydroxyurea therapy could be considered. The obtained results should be interpreted, considering low cases from sub‐Saharan people, younger age of SCD patients compared to general population, a bias toward registry of the more severe form of disease, the effect of pre‐existing comorbidities with multisystem organ damage, and the role of health socio‐economic determinants.
Selection of substrate manufacturing techniques of polyamine‐based thin‐film composite membranes for forward osmosis process
Authors: Ndiaye Issa , Chaoui Imane , Vaudreuil Sébastien , Bounahmidi Tijani 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper is a comparative study on the preparation techniques used to make the support layer of polyamide‐thin‐film composite forward osmosis (TFC‐FO) membranes. The role played by the support layer preparation technique in membrane performance is thoroughly investigated in this study. Electrospinning is shown to produce membranes of lower structural parameter compared to those obtained by conventional phase inversion techniques. The electrospun polyamide selective layer can also be tailored with the required properties. This makes electrospinning a promising process to design efficient FO membrane substrates. It is shown in this work that the FO water flux is more dependent on the internal structure of the support layer than the preparation materials. The main challenge remaining for substrates to operate in FO is to achieve simultaneously a low structural parameter, a high surface porosity, and the required mechanical properties. As most of today's approaches are not suitable, further materials development is essential in future investigations on TFC‐FO membranes.
Modulation of stimuli‐responsiveness toward acid vapor between real‐time and write‐erase responses based on conjugated polymers containing azobenzene and Schiff base moieties
Authors: Kato Taichi , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe developed three types of film‐type stimuli‐responsive polymers based on aza‐substituted conjugated polymers involving azobenzene, N_bith, N_fluo and Schiff base moieties, C_bith. All polymer films showed bathochromic shifts in absorption spectra followed by chromic behaviors by fuming trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). In particular, we disclosed that there were three significant differences on acid detecting ability between azobenzene and Schiff base derivatives in terms of absorption wavelengths, stability, and proton holding time. The azobenzene polymers exhibited real‐time responses toward vapor fuming, meanwhile write and erase chromic behaviors were reversibly accomplished with the Schiff base polymer by exposing to acid and amine vapor. Theoretical calculation revealed that red‐shifted absorption bands should be induced by protonation on nitrogen atoms in the aza‐substituted positions. Diverse responses through dynamic regulation of electronic properties of main‐chain conjugation can be accomplished by introducing the aza‐substituents in polymers.
Comparison of physical fitness between healthy and mild‐to‐moderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sanz‐Santiago Verónica , Diez‐Vega Ignacio , Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Schiwe Daniele , Lopez‐Nuevo Carlos , Vendrusculo Fernanda M. , Santana‐Sosa Elena , Burgos Silvia , Escribano‐Ceruelo Eva , Villa‐Asensi Jose R. , Perez‐Ruiz Margarita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveAsthma is a chronic disease that may affect physical fitness, although its primary effects on exercise capacity, muscle strength, functionality and lifestyle, in children and adolescents, are still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle, lung function, and functionality between asthmatics with exercise symptoms and healthy children. In addition, we have analyzed the association between clinical history and the presence of asthma.Study DesignCross‐sectional study including 71 patients with a diagnosis of asthma and 71 healthy children and adolescents (7–17 years of age). Anthropometric data, clinical history, disease control, lifestyle (KIDMED and physical activity questionnaires), lung function (spirometry), exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction test, aerobic fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and functionality (timed up and go; timed up and down stairs) were evaluated.ResultsSeventy‐one patients with asthma (mean age 11.5 ± 2.7) and 71 healthy subjects (mean age 10.7 ± 2.5) were included. All asthmatic children had mild to moderate and stable asthma. EIB occurred in 56.3% of asthmatic children. Lung function was significantly (p < .05) lower in the asthmatic group when compared to healthy peers, as well as the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle and functionality. Moreover, asthmatic children were more likely to have atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions, food allergies, and a family history of asthma when compared to healthy children.ConclusionsChildren with mild‐to‐moderate asthma presenting exercise symptoms show a reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, functionality, and lifestyle when compared to healthy peers. The study provides data for pediatricians to support exercise practice aiming to improve prognosis and quality of life in asthmatic children.
Free energy calculations of ALS‐causing SOD1 mutants reveal common perturbations to stability and dynamics along the maturation pathway
Authors: Wells Nicholas G. M. , Tillinghast Grant A. , O'Neil Alison L. , Smith Colin A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith over 150 heritable mutations identified as disease‐causative, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has been a main target of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research and therapeutic efforts. However, recent evidence has suggested that neither loss of function nor protein aggregation is responsible for promoting neurotoxicity. Furthermore, there is no clear pattern to the nature or the location of these mutations that could suggest a molecular mechanism behind SOD1‐linked ALS. Here, we utilize reliable and accurate computational techniques to predict the perturbations of 10 such mutations to the free energy changes of SOD1 as it matures from apo monomer to metallated dimer. We find that the free energy perturbations caused by these mutations strongly depend on maturational progress, indicating the need for state‐specific therapeutic targeting. We also find that many mutations exhibit similar patterns of perturbation to native and non‐native maturation, indicating strong thermodynamic coupling between the dynamics at various sites of maturation within SOD1. These results suggest the presence of an allosteric network in SOD1 which is vulnerable to disruption by these mutations. Analysis of these perturbations may contribute to uncovering a unifying molecular mechanism which explains SOD1‐linked ALS and help to guide future therapeutic efforts.
Method for integrating classical and network reliability: A time varying network reliability evaluation
Authors: Chang Ping‐Chen , Huang Ding‐Hsiang , Fiondella Lance , Lin Yi‐Kuei , Lai Kuei‐Kuei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany capacitated flow network papers treat reliability as a time‐invariant property. However, network components degrade over time suggesting that methods to quantify the time‐varying reliability of a network are appropriate. This paper proposes a method to compute the reliability of a multistate capacitated flow network in terms of multistate components characterized by a life distribution. The approach enables the calculation of the probability that demand can be satisfied over period of time despite component degradation. Examples are provided to clarify the steps required and to illustrate the assessments enabled. Based on the classical reliability theory, the Weibull reliability function is employed to characterize the degradation of network components. However, the approach is general and other distributions are also possible. The results indicate that the approach can assist a network supervisor determine reasonable demand rate and time constraint to satisfy demand as well as reason about alternative reliability improvement strategies.
The expected values of Sombor indices in random hexagonal chains, phenylene chains and Sombor indices of some chemical graphs
Authors: Fang Xiaona , You Lihua , Liu Hechao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHexagonal chains are a special class of catacondensed benzenoid system and phenylene chains are a class of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Recently, A family of Sombor indices was introduced by Gutman in the chemical graph theory. It had been examined that these indices may be successfully applied on modeling thermodynamic properties of compounds. In this paper, we study the expected values of the Sombor indices in random hexagonal chains, phenylene chains, and consider the Sombor indices of some chemical graphs such as graphene, coronoid systems and carbon nanocones.