bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the concentration of CYP24A1, 25-OH vit D3 and calcium-phosphate metabolism with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis in Iraqi patients
Authors: Soud S A , Al-Rubaei S H N , Salman A T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Growing research has shown that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have lower levels of 25-OHvitD3 than healthy controls. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum concentration of 25-OHvitD3, CYP24Alenzyme in MS patients and calcium-phosphate metabolism indices depending on the different disease lines and gender. Furthermore, we elevated the relationship between study parameters and gender with degree of motor disability according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Serum of 110 Iraqi MS patients (50 male and 60 female) and 63 healthy individuals (30 male and 33 female) as control groups were used in our study. Serum level of 25-OHvitD3, CYP24A1and PTH were measured by ELISA. Serum level for calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were performed with a BioSystems A25 and A15 analyzers. Significantly lower level of CYP24A1 and 25-OHvitD3 was found in MS patients when compared to control groups. The Levels of CYP24A1 and 25-OHvitD3 were positively correlated in female and significantly decreased with EDSS in female groups. Also, in MS patients a highly significant decrease in calcium, a considerable increase in level of PTH, phosphorous and magnesium. In this study the negative correlation between 25-OHvitD3 and the degree of motor disability, according to EDSS in MS patients was confirmed. We identified a non-significant difference in the level of 25-OHvitD3 regarding on gender. Still, we confirmed the association between gender and MS disease development regarding the levels of 25-OHvitD3, PTH and phosphorus.
Kaplan-Meier plotter data analysis model in early prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zwyea S , Naji L , Almansouri S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Intelligent data analysis methods provide helpful tools for cancer researchers to detect the prognosis of patients with specific diseases. Yet, very little information is known about the features of these models used in data analysis methods. In this study, we presented a new Kaplan-Meier plotter model with a better-combination of input features for early prognosis tasks of pancreatic cancer. Our new model integrates gender, race, and follow up the threshold to get better verification of genes of interest as prognostic markers for predicting cancer at early stages. Assessment is made for the developed model to examine the important role of the oncogene RablA in early prediction of pancreatic cancer on the standard clinical datasets from The Human Protein Atlas. Our results showed that overexpression of the oncogene Rab1A in pancreatic cancer plays a vital role in its early prognosis (p<0.05). The proposed model results were also verified using an independent dataset deposited in The Human Protein Atlas. Altogether, the experimental results highlight Rab1A potential role in cancer prognosis.
Evaluation of total oxidant status and antioxidant capacity in sera of acute-and chronic-renal failure patients
Authors: Abod K S , Mohammed M T , Taay Y M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Renal failure is a disease of the kidney, in which the renal excretory function is failed to process due to depression of the GFR. Renal failure is divided into acute and chronic depending on the period of the disease. The study was designed to investigate the level of oxidative stress in RF patients. Seventy-five subjects had enrolled in the study, who divided into three groups equally, in which they are healthy control, ARF patients, and CRF patients. The results had shown a significant (P<0.01) increase in the level of TOS for RF patients when compared with control. Also, a significant difference in the level of TOS has been observed between ARF and CRF patients, where the CRF patients have shown to have the highest level of TOS. The level of TAC was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in RF patients when compared with control. In conclusion, oxidative stress develops and raise with time during renal failure situations, and thus could cause further toxic problems for RF patients.
Green synthesis of gold NPs by using dragon fruit: Toxicity and wound healing
Authors: Mahdi M A , Mohammed M T , Jassim A N , Taay Y M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, the study of Hylocereus undatus properties was done by studying quantitative phytochemical compounds and seeking for total phenolic compounds, synthesis of gold nanoparticles was created via reduction of aqueous gold ions with the aqueous fruit extract of The Hylocereus undatus (dragon). The synthesized AuNPs were asserted by using (Uv-Vis) spectrophotometer; Fourier transforms infrared (FI-IR) spectroscopy, Atomic force microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Zitasizer. The absorbance for SPR is noticed in 546 nm by using Uv-Visible spectroscopy The SEM and AFM analysis evidenced the particle size between 35-100nm, and spherical in structure. Mechanisms of AuNPs synthesis had been suggested and free radical scavenging activity was examined quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picsylhydrazyl) assay. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed much higher antioxidant activity compared to The Hylocereus Undatus fruit extract alone. The toxicity of the nanoparticles and extract was examined by giving all of them at dose 50mg\b.w orally to mice and the diagnosis of the result of pathological changes, which showed that both extracts are simple toxicity. So, the results confirmed that the fruit extract was a good bio reductant for the synthesis of AuNPs. Which can be applied as good agents for antibacterial applications and Anti-inflammatory and it could be helpful for the preparation of pharmacologically useful drugs.
New 3,5-disubstituted-4,5-dihydroisoxazole derivatives: Synthesis, antimicrobial, antioxidant and docking study against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase
Authors: Mohsen G L , abdula A M , Jassim A M , Rodhan W F , Ayrim N B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel derivative of 3,5-disubstituted-2-isoxazolines (3-11) have been synthesized and characterized by spectral analysis. All the synthesized derivatives were screened qualitatively for their antioxidant property using TLC technique and the percent DPPH radical scavenging activity of the potent derivatives (5, 11) were evaluated. The 2-pyrazolines (3-11) were in vitro screened against different bacterial strains as well as candida albicans and found exhibiting moderate to potent activity. Docking study of 2-isoxazoline derivative 11 against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, the target enzyme for the antimicrobial agents, was explored to study the interactions of the discovered hit (11) within the binding pocket residues of the enzyme.
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of new pyrazolines incorporating imine moiety
Authors: Sultan M I , Abdula A M , Faeq R I , Radi M F 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel series of pyrazoline derivatives (3-9) was synthesized and identified by using several spectral analysis. Chalcone compound (1) was prepared as a starting material from the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone and furan-2-carboxaldehyde in ethanol, using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Cyclization reaction of 1 by the action of hydrazine hydride afforded compound 2: 4-(5-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl) aniline. The target compounds (3-9) were obtained from the reaction of 2 with corresponding aldehydes in ethanol. The synthesized compounds were in vitro screened against several bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus espidermididis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, as well as, Candida albicans. These compounds exhibit a moderate to good activity.
Preparation of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles/PSi/Si hetrojunction by simple chemical method for solar cell applications
Authors: Abdullah S A , Jaduaa M H , Abd A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work shows the fabrication of Bi2O3/PSi heterojunction for solar cell applications prepared by simple chemical method. Bi2O3 nanoparticles were deposited on the n-type porous silicon and glass substrates by drop casting method. The structural and optical properties of bismuth oxide thin film were studied by XRD, SEM, UV-VIS and FTIR analysise. XRD investigation showed that the thin film is polycrystalline and the optical properties stated that bismuth oxide thin film has direct optical band gap of 2.5 eV in addition to the study of I-V in dark and under illumination and finally. The results indicate a significant improvement in the properties of porous silicon, and thus an increase in the conversion efficiency, as the calculated efficiency values for (Al/Bi2O3/PSi/Si/Ag) heterojunction.
Al2O3 NPs/porous silicon/silicon photovoltaic device
Authors: Khalifa M J , Jaduaa M H , Abd A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles or (Al2O3 NPs) have been prepared by electrolysis method and deposited using drop casting method on glass and porous silicon (PS) substrates as thin films. Electrochemical etching of p-type silicon wafers was used to prepare nanocrystalline porous silicon. The structural and morphological properties of Al2O3 NPs were investigated by XRD, AFM and SEM techniques, respectively. The optical energy band gap of Al2O3 nanostructure (NSs) has been determined from its optical properties and it was around 3.6 eV. TEM has been used to investigate the nanoscale morphology of Al2O3NPs and showed the grains had a spherical shape and it confirmed the nanometric size of the prepared NPs. PS’s XRD pattern revealed that it had a single crystalline structure, whereas it was amorphous for the Al2O3 NSs. The nanometric scale of both Al2O3 NSs and PS was calculated by XRD patterns, it was about 34nm for Al2O3 NPs and about 90 nm for PS. The diffusion effect of the Al2O3NPs on the electrical properties of heterojunctions PS/Si was studied. Photovoltaic characteristics have been reported for Al2O3NPs/PS/Si Photovoltaic device. Ag/Al2O3/PS/Si/Al solar cell parameters were reported the efficiency of solar cell was 11.8% and F.F is 32.08 %. Ag/Al2O3/PS/Si/Al Photodetector heterojunctions have two peaks of response the first one located at 350 nm and the second at 850 nm with maximum responsivity of 0.8A/W.
Biosynthesis and characterization of CdO nanostructure and its influence on cancer cells of (HT29)
Authors: Skheel A Z , Jaduaa M H , Abd A N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to increased drug potency and lower toxicity in the nano-sized mediated drug delivery model, the environmentally sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles by the bio route from plant extracts has a wide variety of applications in novel science. In this report, our research groups have synthesized stable and cost-effective CdO nanostructure by the Curcuma plant. The biosynthesis of CdO nanostructure by the Curcuma plant extract was confirmed by different analytical methods such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic force microscopy AFM and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), in addition to MTT assay screening of the synthesized CdO nanostructure for anticancer activity on (HT29). The result was that the biosynthesized CdO nanostructure exhibited strong anticancer cytotoxicity on (HT29). The findings of the MTT shows that at a concentration of 50.81 μ, 50 percent of the cancer cell line was destroyed by the extract.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Mefenamic acid in pure and Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Saleem B A , Alnuaimy L A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChromate ions CrO4−2have been used in three simples, rapid, an accurate spectrophotometric method. These methods were suggested to estimate mefenamic acid in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. These methods were different from each other with reactants components, and they are similar as, indirect methods and depends on oxidation – reduction reaction. So that, Method 1, based on oxidation reduction reaction between mefenamic acid and chromate ion in presence of acidic medium and sodium oxalate to form a water soluble, and stable pinkish-violet colored complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide as a reagent which was measured at λmax545 nm. Method 2 depends on oxidizing mefenamic acid with chromate ions in presence of sodium oxalate as a catalyst agent and acidic medium to form with indigo carmine λmaxat 610 nm. water soluble and stable blue complex. Finally, method 3 based on the reaction between mefenamic acid and chromate ion in presence of sodium oxalate and acidic medium to form with chrome azurol S a red complex measured λmaxat 512 nm. These three methods have been followed Beer’s law at (2-40,1.2-40 and 2-36) μg/mL methods 1,2 and 3 respectively, while molar absorptivity and Sandall’s sensitivity 0.84×104, 0.54×104and 1.08×1041.mol−1.cm−1and 0.0287, 0.0446 and 0.0223 μg.cm−2for methods 1,2 and 3 respectively. The suggested methods were applied successfully to determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical formulation with good recoveries.
The using of nanomaterials as catalysts for photodegradations
Authors: Abdullah H I , Al-Amiery A A , Al-Baghdadi S B 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanoparticles were physically attached to photodegradation applications. Nanoparticles are particles of sizes within the range of 1 to 100 nm with at least one dimension. Nanoscale structures, for example, nanolayers and nanoparticles, have an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, making them perfect for employing in different materials for various applications. In general, In case of nanometers, nanoparticles are categorized into organic, inorganic, and carbon-based particles in nanometric scales that have enhanced characteristics in contrast with micrometric or larger sizes of individual materials. The nanoparticles appear upgraded characteristics, for example, surface area, high surface reactivity (bioactive), and high quality, also appeared stable, sensitive, and so on due to their smaller sizes. Different methodologies are used to synthesize the nanoparticle materials for research studies and traditionally utilizes. These techniques are ordered into three principal types to be specific chemical, physical and mechanical procedures that have seen a tremendous improvement after some time. This article covers the fundamentals of nanotechnology, nanoparticle types, synthetic methodologies, the use of metal, metal oxides, and carbon-based nanoparticle in the field of photocatalysis, and the development of using nanomaterials in air purification and environmental protection. Herein, a variety of synthetic strategies for nanomaterials are summarized, including their applications as photocatalysts.
Antioxidant vitamins and their effect on immune system
Authors: Khadim R M , Al-Fartusie F S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Antioxidant vitamins are organic molecules that have vital roles in the human body. They are essential nutrients and mainly found in the food and are required in small quantities for the maintenance of the human body. Antioxidant vitamins play a major role in reducing and controlling oxidative stress and infectious diseases. This review aims to broaden the knowledge of the antioxidant vitamins (C, E, and A) and their effect on the immune system. These vitamins protect the immune system and enhance resistance against infectious microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. It is highly recommended to include antioxidants in the daily diet, as their lack can weaken the immune system and ultimately its ability in defending the body against diseases. Although vitamins are required in specific doses to maintain functional immune system, they mostly used as supplements. Vitamin C supplementation, for example, has been shown to reduce the duration and severity of upper respiratory infections, including colds. Moreover, it has been suggested that there is a close relationship between the deficiency of vitamins and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, AIDS and CoV-2 SARS, as well as infectious diseases spread through the respiratory and digestive systems.
Laser treatment of chitosan/biopolymer materials of different molecular weight coated with ZnO for antimicrobial surface development
Authors: Angelova L , Daskalova A , Kalinkevich A , Kalinkevich O , Karpenko A , Petrov L , Trifonov A , Buchvarov I 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCreating novel temporary “platforms” for effective integration of engineered tissues has been extensively researched and innovated in order to obtain scaffolds fulfilling all requirements for seeding different types of cell cultures and improving the cells’ adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. A perfect scaffold should mimic the native porous environment of the cells – interconnected pores with well-defined sizes providing the normal functioning of the cells, as they can significantly influence not only the cells behavior, but also the integration of the implants with the surrounding “host” tissues. The biopolymer-based scaffolds still need additional modification in order to impart complete biological cellular functioning and communication. In this study, a femtosecond laser-based method for surface modification was applied to improving the morphological properties of chitosan-based ZnO magnetron sputtered blends and chitosan matrices of different molecular weight, thus achieving different levels of morphological structures for creation of enhanced antibacterial cell surface environment. The microstructured scaffolds were investigated by SEM, EDX and FTIR. Wettability measurements were performed in order to determine the hydrophilicity of the treated surfaces. Changes in the water contact angle (WCA) values were monitored in the range from 120° to 70° by introducing diverse laser patterning conditions. Modifying the topography/morphology of the sputtered biopolymer blends can essentially improve their bioactivity properties; moreover, creating hierarchical porosity will affect its antibacterial features, which will enable their successful applications in tissue engineering.
Nanostructures based on ZnO and TiO2 oxides produced by PLD in open air
Authors: Dikovska A , Gancheva M , Nikov Ru , Avdeev G , Iordanova R , Nedyalkov N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on the fabrication of highly porous metal-oxide nanostructures by pulsed laser deposition performed in air at atmospheric pressure. The depositions were performed by ablating synthesized ZnO and a mixed target of ZnO and TiO2 as initial materials. The attention was focused on the structure, morphology, optical and photocatalytic properties of the as-deposited nanostructures of the ZnO-TiO2 system. The technology applied leads to the formation of nanostructures composed of nanoparticles. The as-prepared samples possess a high transmittance in the visible and near IR region with an optical band gap in the range of 3.1 - 3.2 eV. It was demonstrated that the as-deposited ZnO and ZnO-TiO2 nanostructures degrade Rhodamine B up to 43 - 44% after 300-min UV irradiation.
Modification of thin carbon films by UVc light
Authors: Milenov T , Dikovska A , Avramova I , Karaivanova D , Avdeev G , Terziyska P , Dimov D , Karashanova D , Georgieva B , Kolev S , Valcheva E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We modified single- and few-layer nano-sized graphene films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on ∼300-nm-thick SiO2/Si substrates. The samples were irradiated by a UVC lamp (wavelength of 254 nm) for 15 and 30 minutes in air atmosphere. The light was directed almost parallel (about 2 - 2.5 arcdeg declination angle) to the films’ surface. The influence of the modification was evaluated by ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. The results showed that the irradiation caused an increase of the C-O/C-OH bond and a decrease or the complete disappearance of the -C=O/-COOH bond. The structural quality of the graphene films was improved moderately after a 15-min UVC treatment.
Pulsed laser co-deposition in air: a way of fabricating composite nanostructures
Authors: Nedyalkov N , Nikov Ru , Nikov Ro , Dikovska A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents results of applying a method based on pulses laser co-deposition of a noble metal and a magnetic iron oxide for fabrication of ordered composite nanostructures. The experimental scheme includes two nanosecond laser beams with a wavelength of 1064 nm that ablate simultaneously two targets – Au and Fe2O3. The process is implemented in air – a condition that leads to a fast condensation of the ablated material into nanoparticles. By choosing different positioning of the ablation plumes and the substrate, composites of iron oxide nanoparticles decorated by noble metal ones can be fabricated. An external magnetic field applied close to the substrate orients and aligns the nanoparticles into chains. The effects of the processing parameters that define the geometry of the experiment are studied and presented. The method can be optimized for fabrication of complex composite nanostructures with applications in sensorics, optics and magneto-optics.
Integrated interference wedged structures as a basis for creating compact light beam splitters with improved parameters
Authors: Deneva M , Nenchev M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the idea of combining in one plate and in a puzzle-type of properly designed parts of planar sheet-like interference wedged structures (IWS), including the composed interference wedged structure (CIWS) developed by us, we show the possibility of realizing new integrated light beam splitters (for laser beams) that have useful competitive properties. Using our theoretical approach for analysis of IWS, simulations and test experiments, we show that such optimized splitters ensure a smooth splitting in an increased linear variation range of the transmission T (from ∼ 80 - 95% to 5%) and reflection (R = 1 - T), in combination with a large working range (linear splitting by sliding to more than ∼15 - 20 mm). The low slope of the transmission variation permits one to split beams of diameter 3 - 5 mm; focusing the beam increases this range to more than ∼15 mm. The control is performed by sliding the splitter in its plane (dimensions ∼ 5×2×0.1 cm3) thus conserving the direction of the formed beams. No specific polarization is required and the use is possible of high-power laser beams. A suitable practical realization is the use of a mask technology for sequential deposition of necessary layers in integrated circuits.
Dual-beam electromagnetically-induced absorption resonance in a 87Rb cell with antirelaxation coating
Authors: Taskova E , Alipieva E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state of alkali atoms manifests itself as an ultra-narrow resonance in the atomic spectrum. Depending on the geometry of irradiation and observation, the coherent spectroscopy studies CPT (coherent population trapping), EIT (electromagnetically-induced transparency) or EIA (electromagnetically-induced absorption). In the present work, we investigated EIA on the D1
87Rb line by applying a counter-propagating dual-beam scheme. The main advantage of this scheme is the high resonance contrast – an important parameter for many applications. In our previous work performed in a paraffin-coated cell we observed that, unlike the resonance in buffer gas cell detected in the same experimental scheme, the EIA signal has a complex form, because it is formed by two atomic sub-ensembles in the vapor cell with different relaxation rates determined by the laser excitation conditions. We focused on the narrow component, since it has a higher amplitude-width ratio, making it preferable for applications. We investigate the influence of the atomic vapor density and the pump laser intensity on the resonance parameters in order to optimize the amplitude ratio of the wide and narrow components and achieve the highest amplitude-width ratio value for the narrow component of the EIA resonance.