bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Carriage Flexibility on Friction Force in Linear Ball Guides
Authors: Tong Van-Canh , Khim Gyungho , Hong Seong-Wook 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article presents the effects of carriage flexibility on the friction force in linear ball guides, which includes hydrodynamic rolling friction, elastic hysteresis friction, slip friction, and drag friction. To this end, we developed a computational model for the friction force in linear ball guides that accounts for the carriage flexibility. The model was validated through experiments, and the results prove that it provides more accurate friction-force estimates than the conventional model under the assumption of a rigid carriage. Subsequently, we examined the effects of external load, preload, and speed on the friction force. Among several friction components, hydrodynamic rolling friction makes a major contribution to the total friction force. Ball contact loads, which significantly vary with carriage flexibility, were found to influence the hydrodynamic rolling, elastic hysteresis, and slip friction forces. The proposed model considering carriage flexibility in linear ball guides is expected to find use in the design and operation of linear-ball-guide systems.
Nonlinear Restoring Force Identification of Strongly Nonlinear Structures by Displacement Measurement
Authors: Liu Qinghua , Hou Zehao , Zhang Ying , Jing Xingjian , Kerschen Gaëtan , Cao Junyi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Strongly nonlinear structures have attracted a great deal of attention in energy harvesting and vibration isolation recently. However, it is challenging to accurately characterize the nonlinear restoring force using analytical modeling or cyclic loading tests in many realistic conditions due to the uncertainty of installation parameters or other constraints, including space size and dynamic disturbance. Therefore, a displacement-measurement restoring force surface identification approach is presented for obtaining the nonlinear restoring force. Widely known quasi-zero stiffness, bistable, and tristable structures are designed in a cantilever-beam system with coupled rotatable magnets to illustrate the strongly nonlinear properties in the application of energy harvesting and vibration isolation. Based on the derived physical model of the designed strongly nonlinear structures, the displacement-measurement restoring force surface identification with a least-squares parameter fitting is proposed to obtain the parameters of the nonlinear restoring force. The comparison between the acceleration integration and displacement differentiation methods for describing the restoring force surface of strongly nonlinear structures is discussed. Besides, the influence of the noise level on identification accuracy is investigated. In experimental conditions, quasi-zero stiffness, bistable, and tristable nonlinear structures with various geometrical parameters are utilized to analyze the identified nonlinear restoring force curve and measured force–displacement trajectory. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness of the displacement–measurement restoring force surface method to obtain the nonlinear restoring force.
Design of a Parallel Gripper Based on Topology Synthesis and Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Chi I-Ting , Chanthasopeephan Teeranoot , Wang Dung-An 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A compliant gripper with nearly parallel gripping motion is developed by a topology synthesis and a dimensional synthesis approach. The topology synthesis process can generate linkage-type compliant mechanisms. Suitable boundary conditions of the topology synthesis process are selected to achieve the desired functions of the device. The dimensional synthesis is based on an evolutionary optimal design process. To meet various design goals, a nondominated multi-objective genetic algorithm is selected for the optimal design process. A kinetostaic model based on the chained beam constraint model is developed for force–displacement analysis of the designs. Efficiency and accuracy of the design approach are proved by experiments. Appropriate linkage types of compliant mechanisms may be discovered by the topology optimization process before moving on to the dimensional synthesis to obtain final designs.
Buoyancy Driven Flow, Heat Transfer, and Entropy Generation Characteristics for Different Heater Geometries Placed in Cryogenic Liquid: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Ade Someshwar Sanjay , Rathore Sushil Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present work reports a 3D computational study of buoyancy-driven flow and heat transfer characteristics for a localized heater (analogous to superconductor) submerged in cryogenic liquid nitrogen in an enclosure. Seven different heater geometries are considered and the effect of heater geometry on flow and heat transfer characteristics is illustrated. The heater is generating heat at a constant rate (W/m3). Continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved using the finite volume method. Liquid flow and heat transfer features are demonstrated with the help of velocity vector and temperature contours. Rayleigh number, average Nusselt number, the maximum vertical velocity of fluid flow, and the average velocity of fluid flow are the parameters that are considered for comparing seven different geometries of the heater. Additionally, an analysis of the entropy generation owing to the transfer of heat and friction due to fluid flow is reported. Furthermore, the dependency of average Nusselt number, maximum velocity of the fluid, entropy generation owing to transfer of heat, and fluid friction as a function of heat generation rate is illustrated graphically. The results of this study indicate that heater geometry can considerably affect the transfer of heat, fluid flow features, and entropy generation under the same heat generation rate in the heater. The highest average Nusselt number on the heater surface is obtained when heater geometry is circular, whereas the lowest value of total entropy generation in the domain is obtained when heater geometry is an equilateral triangle.
Loop Heat Pipes for Thermal Management of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Singh Randeep , Nguyen Tien 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present paper investigates the potential of loop heat pipe (LHP), with respect to technological merits and application niche, in automotive thermal management. Broadly, LHP design and applicability for hot spot cooling in electronics (local dissipation), and for heat transport over longer distances (remote dissipation) has been proposed and discussed in detail. The basic module in these applications includes loop heat pipe with different shapes and sizing factors. Two types of LHP designs have being tested and results discussed. The miniature version, with 10 mm thick and flat disk evaporator, for cooling electronic control unit (ECU) with 70 W chipset while keeping source temperature below 100 °C limit was evaluated. Two larger versions with cylindrical evaporator, 25 mm diameter and 150 mm length, and heat transfer distances of 250 mm and 1000 mm, respectively, were tested for power electronics and battery cooling, with more than 500 W transport capabilities in gravity field. In conclusions, loop heat pipes will provide an energy efficient passive thermal control solution for next-generation low emission automotive, particularly for electric vehicles (EVs), which have high-level electrifications and more definitive cooling requirements.
High-Frequency Induction-Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Inconel 718 Plates
Authors: Raj Sanjay , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The preheating system is a promising approach to decrease the axial load, improve the weld quality, and enhance the tool life during the friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength material. In the present work, conventional FSW and high-frequency induction heating-assisted friction stir welding (I-FSW) systems were used to join 3 mm thick Inconel 718 plates with a WC-10%Co tool and studied their performances. The welding was carried out at a constant rotational speed of 300 rpm, including varying traverse speeds of 90 mm/min and 140 mm/min and varying preheating temperatures (310 °C, 410 °C, and 700 °C). The results show that good weld joints were possible at high traverse speed (i.e., 140 mm/min) using the I-FSW at low preheating temperature (i.e., 310 °C). Grain refinement in the weld zone with and without preheated FSW led to improved mechanical properties. The increased size of intermetallic phases and carbide particles due to induction preheating in I-FSW was most likely to be responsible for the enhancement of the weld strength. The hardness of the stir zone was increased from 250 HV to 370 HV, and the ultimate tensile strength of the I-FSW joint reaches 740 MPa, which was 98.8% of the base material. The results also revealed that preheating affected the process temperature results lowering the axial force and frictional heat, which improved the tool life.
Social work practice implications of upcoming mental health reforms
Authors: Smith Genevieve , Appleby Joanna 
Published: September 2021

The Labour-led Government has recently announced new healthcare reforms in Aotearoa New Zealand. The four changes are:The current 20 District Health Boards (DHBs) across the country will be replaced by one national organisation, Health New Zealand.A new Māori Health Authority will have the power to commission health services, monitor the state of Māori health and develop policyNew Public Health Agency will be createdStrengthened Ministry of Health will monitor performance and advise governmentAs a teaser before the announcement, the country was informed that the reforms would be about equity and access. We, thewriters, are both Pākehā mental health social workers and we were eagerly awaiting news of the reforms. We have reflected on the current problems facing the mental health sector, speculated on how these may be addressed through system reform, and discussed our hopes for a better system.Based on our experience working within and alongside different DHB mental health services in the country we identified four major sector problems. These are the increasing demand and severity of presenting problems, the associated shifting goalposts of accessibility to manage demand, service variability between regions and issues of staff workload, and training and retention. As social workers, we have seen the impact of these issues upon multi-stressed families seeking support and we hope for reforms to address these equity issues.
Messages to first responders from a bereaved parent
Authors: Brown Richard 
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: This article describes the use of autoethnography to explore my experience as a bereaved parent in relation to the traumatic loss of my 12-year-old child in 2009.METHODS: Employing an autoethnographic approach, this research articulates and investigates personal narratives associated with experiences of the death of my young child. Narratives offer a rich description of the event and allow data analysis where emerging themes stream from a personal experience.FINDINGS: Professionals taking control and the caring role of the community are main themes identified and analysed from these personal narratives. The findings advocate for an understanding of the needs of grieving parents at a time of extreme confusion. This article concentrates on professional first responders taking control and guiding traumatised parents when their child has a fatal event. Bereaved parents experience disorientation and traumatic confusion at the sudden death of their child. Emergency responders need to offer active listening skills and guidance.IMPLICATIONS: Professional first responders need to take control of the bereaved parent’s early journey of grief as they are likely to be in a state of deep traumatic shock, where disorientation leaves them vulnerable to lowered cognitive ability. The use of active listening skills and sensitivity can direct traumatised parents, thereby assisting the short- and long-term welfare of the family by addressing their initial needs at a time of crisis.
Perinatal outcomes among births to women with infection during pregnancy
Authors: Baguiya Adama , Bonet Mercedes , Cecatti José Guilherme , Brizuela Vanessa , Curteanu Ala , Minkauskiene Meile , Jayaratne Kapila , Ribeiro-do-Valle Carolina Carvalho , Budianu Mihaela-Alexandra , Souza João Paulo , Kouanda Séni 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis study is part of the Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS). It aimed to estimate neonatal near-miss (NNM) and perinatal death frequency and maternal risk factors among births to women with infection during pregnancy in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC).DesignWe conducted a 1-week inception hospital-based cohort study.SettingThe study was carried out in 408 hospitals in 43 LMIC of all the WHO regions in 2017.PatientsWe included women with suspected or confirmed infection during pregnancy with at least 28 weeks of gestational age up to day-7 after birth. All babies born to those women were followed from birth until the seventh day after childbirth. Perinatal outcomes were considered at the end of the follow-up.Main outcome measuresPerinatal outcomes were (i) babies alive without severe complication, (ii) NNM and (iii) perinatal death (stillbirth and early neonatal death).Results1219 births were analysed. Among them, 25.9% (n=316) and 10.1% (n=123) were NNM and perinatal deaths, respectively. After adjustment, maternal pre-existing medical condition (adjusted odds ratios (aOR)=1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0) and maternal infection suspected or diagnosed during labour (aOR=1.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.2) were the independent risk factors of NNM. Maternal pre-existing medical condition (aOR=1.7; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.8), infection-related severe maternal outcome (aOR=3.8; 95% CI 2.0 to 7.1), mother’s infection suspected or diagnosed within 24 hours after childbirth (aOR=2.2; 95% CI 1.0 to 4.7) and vaginal birth (aOR=1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9) were independently associated with increased odds of perinatal death.ConclusionsOverall, one-third of births were adverse perinatal outcomes. Pre-existing maternal medical conditions and severe infection-related maternal outcomes were the main risk factors of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: pooled analysis
Authors: Strak Maciej , Weinmayr Gudrun , Rodopoulou Sophia , Chen Jie , de Hoogh Kees , Andersen Zorana J , Atkinson Richard , Bauwelinck Mariska , Bekkevold Terese , Bellander Tom , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Brandt Jørgen , Cesaroni Giulia , Concin Hans , Fecht Daniela , Forastiere Francesco , Gulliver John , Hertel Ole , Hoffmann Barbara , Hvidtfeldt Ulla Arthur , Janssen Nicole A H , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Jørgensen Jeanette T , Ketzel Matthias , Klompmaker Jochem O , Lager Anton , Leander Karin , Liu Shuo , Ljungman Petter , Magnusson Patrik K E , Mehta Amar J , Nagel Gabriele , Oftedal Bente , Pershagen Göran , Peters Annette , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Renzi Matteo , Rizzuto Debora , van der Schouw Yvonne T , Schramm Sara , Severi Gianluca , Sigsgaard Torben , Sørensen Mette , Stafoggia Massimo , Tjønneland Anne , Verschuren W M Monique , Vienneau Danielle , Wolf Kathrin , Katsouyanni Klea , Brunekreef Bert , Hoek Gerard , Samoli Evangelia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines.

Design
Pooled analysis of eight cohorts.

Setting
Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries.

Participants

325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon.

Main outcome measures
Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality.

Results

Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM
2.5
, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 µg/m
3
in PM
2.5
was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 µg/m
3
increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM
2.5
, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 µg/m
3
an increase of 5 µg/m
3
in PM
2.5
was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths.

Conclusions
Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
Place of death in Parkinson’s disease: trends in the USA
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Yasmin Farah , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Shahid Izza , Diwan Mufaddal Najmuddin , Leiter Richard E , Warraich Haider J 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a significant cause of mortality but little is known about the place of death for patients with PD in the USA, a key metric of end-of-life care.MethodologyA trend analysis was conducted for years 2003–2017 using aggregated death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research) database, with individual-level mortality data from the Mortality Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Record available between 2013 and 2017. All natural deaths for which PD was identified as an underlying cause of death were identified. Place of death was categorised as hospital, decedent home, hospice facility, nursing home/long-term care and other.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2017, 346141 deaths were attributed to PD (59% males, 93.7% White). Most deaths occurred in patients aged 75–84 years (43.9%), followed by those aged ≥85 years (40.9 %). Hospital and nursing home deaths decreased from 18% (n=3240) and 52.6% (n=9474) in 2003 to 9.2% (n=2949) and 42% (n=13 429) in 2017, respectively. Home deaths increased from 21.1% (n=3804) to 32.4% (n=10 347) and hospice facility deaths increased from 0.3% (n=47) in 2003 to 8.6% (n=2739) in 2017. Female sex, being married and college education were associated with increased odds of home deaths while Hispanic ethnicity and non-white race were associated with increased odds of hospital deaths.ConclusionHome and hospice facility deaths are gradually increasing in patients with PD. Particular attention should be provided to vulnerable socioeconomic groups that continue to have higher rates of hospital deaths and decreased usage of hospice facilities.
Why is there variation in test ordering practices for patients presenting to the emergency department with undifferentiated chest pain? A qualitative study
Authors: Li Julie , Dahm Maria R , Thomas Judith , Wabe Nasir , Smith Peter , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionUp to one-third of laboratory tests ordered in the ED for adults presenting with undifferentiated chest pain are generally not indicated by current Australian guidelines. This study set out to undertake a qualitative investigation of clinician perceptions to identify the reasons for variations in pathology requesting.MethodsFor this study, we draw on data from semistructured interviews (n=38) conducted in the EDs and laboratories across three hospitals as part of a larger study on the test result management process from test request to result follow-up. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine what aspects of the clinical routines and environment might contribute to variations in pathology requesting. Informed by the findings from the analysis, targeted questions were developed and further focus groups (n=5) were held with clinicians, hospital management and electronic medical record (eMR) analysts to investigate in more detail the reasons for requesting outside of guidelines.ResultsParticipants cited four main reasons for ordering outside of guidelines. Clinicians requested tests outside of guidelines and the ED scope of practice to facilitate the patient journey along the broader continuum of care, including admission to hospital or transfer to another site. Clinicians were also faced with multiple and inconsistent guidelines regarding appropriate test selection. Limited access to in-house specialty and diagnostic services also influenced ordering patterns in smaller non-referral hospitals. Finally, certain features of the current electronic ordering framework within the eMR facilitated overordering and failed to impose any real restrictions on ordering inappropriately or outside of scope of practice.ConclusionBeyond the standardisation of pathology requesting advice across electronic decision support, order sets and guidelines, attempts to address issues related to the appropriateness and variation of laboratory test ordering should consider local and systemic factors which also shape the ordering process.
Predictors of futile recanalization in patients undergoing endovascular treatment in the DIRECT-MT trial
Authors: Zhou Tengfei , Yi Tingyu , Li Tianxiao , Zhu Liangfu , Li Yucheng , Li Zhaoshuo , Wang Meiyun , Li Qiang , He Yingkun , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Yongwei , Li Zifu , Zhang Yongxin , Ye Xiaofei , Chen Wenhuo , Wang Shouchun , Liu Jianmin 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundFutile recanalization—when patients have a successful recanalization but fail to achieve a satisfactory functional outcome— is a common phenomenon of endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The present study aimed to identify the predictors of futile recanalization in AIS patients who received endovascular treatment.MethodsThis is a post-hoc analysis of the DIRECT-MT trial. Demographics, clinical characteristics, acute stroke workflow interval times, biochemical parameters, and imaging characteristics were compared between futile and meaningful recanalization groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the predictors of futile recanalization.ResultsFutile recanalization was observed in 277 patients. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age (p<0.001), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p=0.032), incomplete reperfusion defined by extended Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) grades (p=0.020), and larger final infarct volume (FIV) (p<0.001) were independent predictors of futile recanalization.ConclusionsOld age, high baseline SBP, incomplete reperfusion defined by eTICI, and large FIV were independent predictors of futile recanalization after endovascular therapy for AIS.