bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordant phylogeographic responses to large‐scale coastal disturbance in intertidal macroalgae and their epibiota
Authors: Parvizi Elahe , Dutoit Ludovic , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Craw Dave , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMajor ecological disturbance events can provide opportunities to assess multispecies responses to upheaval. In particular, catastrophic disturbances that regionally extirpate habitat‐forming species can potentially influence the genetic diversity of large numbers of codistributed taxa. However, due to the rarity of such disturbance events over ecological timeframes, the genetic dynamics of multispecies recolonization processes have remained little understood. Here, we use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from multiple coastal species to track the dynamics of cocolonization events in response to ancient earthquake disturbance in southern New Zealand. Specifically, we use a comparative phylogeographic approach to understand the extent to which epifauna (with varying ecological associations with their macroalgal hosts) share comparable spatial and temporal recolonization patterns. Our study reveals concordant disturbance‐related phylogeographic breaks in two intertidal macroalgal species along with two associated epibiotic species (a chiton and an isopod). By contrast, two codistributed species, one of which is an epibiotic amphipod and the other a subtidal macroalga, show few, if any, genetic effects of palaeoseismic coastal uplift. Phylogeographic model selection reveals similar post‐uplift recolonization routes for the epibiotic chiton and isopod and their macroalgal hosts. Additionally, codemographic analyses support synchronous population expansions of these four phylogeographically similar taxa. Our findings indicate that coastal paleoseismic activity has driven concordant impacts on multiple codistributed species, with concerted recolonization events probably facilitated by macroalgal rafting. These results highlight that high‐resolution comparative genomic data can help reconstruct concerted multispecies responses to recent ecological disturbance.
The outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in inpatient liver transplant population
Authors: Amjad Waseem , Qureshi Waqas , Malik Adnan , Singh Ritu , Jafri Syed‐Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic immunosuppression is a known cause of Clostridioides difficile, which presents with colon infection. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Our aim is to determine the inpatient outcomes of liver transplant patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and trends in the last few years.MethodsWe utilized the national re‐admission data (2010–2017) to study the outcomes of CDI in liver transplant patients. Association of C. difficile with re‐admission was computed in a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, gastrointestinal bleeding, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, obesity, cancer, insurance, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, hospital location, and teaching status.ResultsDuring 2010–2017, there were 310 222 liver transplant patients hospitalized. Out of these, 9826 had CDI. CDI infection in liver transplant patients was associated with higher 30‐day re‐admission (14.3% vs. 11.21%, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.28, p = .02) and in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.14–1.61, p < .001). The most common causes of re‐admission in the CDI group were recurrent CDI (41.1%), liver transplant complications (16.5%), and sepsis (11.6%). The median cost for liver transplant patients with C. difficile was significantly higher, $53 064 (IQR $24 970–$134 830) compared to patients that did not have C. difficile, $35 703 ($18 793–$73 871) (p < .001). The median length of stay was also longer for patients with CDI, 6 days (4–14) vs. 4 days (2–7) (p < .001).ConclusionCDI in post‐liver transplant patients was associated with higher mortality, re‐admission, health care cost, and longer length of stay. The most common cause of re‐admission was recurrent CDI, which raises the question of the efficacy of standard first‐line therapy.
Transfusion 2024: A 5‐year plan for clinical and laboratory transfusion in England
Authors: Allard Shubha , Cort Jon , Howell Catherine , Sherliker Louise , Miflin Gail , Toh Cheng Hock 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Transfusion 2024 plan outlines key priorities for clinical and laboratory transfusion practice for safe patient care across the NHS for the next 5 years. It is based on the outcomes of a multi‐professional symposium held in March 2019, organised by the National Blood Transfusion Committee (NBTC) and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), attended and supported by Professor Keith Willet and Dame Sue Hill on behalf of NHS England and Improvement. This best practice guidance contained within this publication will facilitate the necessary change in pathway design to meet the transfusion challenges and pressures for the restoration of a cohesive, and functional, healthcare system across the NHS following the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Primary multifocal muscular T‐cell lymphoma with cutaneous involvement in a dog: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lopes Mariana G. , Marchesi Francesco , Haining Hayley , Morris Joanna S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCanine lymphoma represents a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms, with multicentric nodal lymphoma being the most common presentation. Musculoskeletal involvement is uncommon, and primary muscular lymphoma is a very rare presentation. Only a few cases have been described in dogs, which were of variable classification and immunophenotype. Here, we report the case of a 5‐year‐old female neutered Beagle that presented with an intramuscular mass on the right shoulder and associated lameness and lethargy. One month after initial presentation, multiple cutaneous nodules appeared on the head, and staging with advanced imaging revealed additional masses affecting other muscles. Cytology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements of one of the muscle masses and skin lesions supported a diagnosis of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with large granular lymphocytes at both sites. The dog was euthanized after diagnosis due to the poor prognosis. This is the first report of primary muscular peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with large granular lymphocytes and cutaneous involvement in the dog. Despite being a rare presentation, lymphoma must be considered a differential in dogs presenting with a discrete, intramuscular, soft tissue mass.
Energy Saving on a Full-Size Wheel Loader Through Variable Load Sense Margin Control
Authors: Madau Riccardo , Vacca Andrea , Pintore Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the formulation of a variable load sense control strategy suitable to achieve power savings in hydraulic systems using postcompensated load sensing (LS) hydraulic control architectures. Such architecture is typical in off-road construction machinery. The paper also describes the application of the proposed control strategy referred to as variable load sensing margin (VLM) on a full-size wheel loader. The paper first presents the rationale for the proposed strategy, showing how the state-of-the-art LS architecture present in commercial machines has a margin for lowering the throttling losses present at the control valves. A feedforward controller, derived from an empirical study on a reference vehicle, is used to control the flow to the front-end loader functions. Test results show improvements of the hydraulic power consumption up to 45%, based on the commanded speed of each front-end loader actuator. The paper also describes a gain scheduling pressure feedback control strategy, which is used to allow controlling also functions that include priority. For the case of off-road vehicles, this is typically the steering function. The experimental results show good performances with an error in controlled velocity below 5%, which is achieved when the front-end loader functions are used concurrently with the steering.
Experiencing the Social Environment of a Canoe Kayak Club: A Case Study of a Special Olympics Program
Authors: Orr Krystn , Evans M. Blair , Tamminen Katherine A. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. 
Published: October 2021

For individuals with an intellectual disability, emerging adulthood (18–25 years) may be a disruptive time with an abrupt ending to programming and services after adolescence. This study critically explores the social environment and experiences of individuals involved in a Special Olympics paddling program for emerging adult athletes with an intellectual disability. Using an instrumental case study design, multiple qualitative methods were implemented including photography, videography, observations, and interviews. The participants included four athletes (one female and three male; three with autism spectrum disorder, one with mild intellectual disability), three fathers, a coach, a program coordinator, and an administrator. Analyses were guided by interpretivism and the quality parasport participation framework. The findings highlight how the limited staff training and preparation, the complexity of providing such a program, and parental hidden labor in their adult children’s sport involvement influence the social environment. Implications for coaching practices include the importance of communication strategies and coach education.
Neutrino-nucleus scattering in the SuSA model
Authors: Amaro J. E. , Barbaro M. B. , Caballero J. A. , Donnelly T. W. , González-Jiménez R. , Megias G. D. , Ruiz Simo I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe super-scaling approach (SuSA) model, based on the analogies between electron and neutrino interactions with nuclei, is reviewed and its application to the description of neutrino-nucleus scattering is presented. The contribution of both one- and two-body relativistic currents is considered. The model is validated with the $$(e,e')$$

(
e
,

e
′

)

data, including also inelastic contributions for the inclusive reaction. A discussion of semi-inclusive reactions and their implications for charge-changing reactions of neutrinos is also presented. A selection of results for the inclusive neutrino reactions with change of charge is presented where theoretical predictions are compared with cross-section measurements from the main ongoing neutrino oscillation experiments.
Magnetic Resonance Image Feature Analysis under Deep Learning in Diagnosis of Neurological Rehabilitation in Patients with Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: Li Xue , Ji Wenjun , Chang Hufei , Yang Chunyan , Rong Zhao , Hao Jun 
Published: October 2021

To explore the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image features based on deep learning algorithms on the neurological rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular diseases, eighty patients with acute cerebrovascular disease were selected as the research objects. According to whether the patients were with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), they were divided into VCI group (34 cases) and non-VCI group (46 cases). In addition, based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), a new multimodal CNN image segmentation algorithm was proposed. The algorithm was applied to the segmentation of MRI images of patients with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and compared with the segmentation results of CNN and fully CNN (FCN). As a result, the segmentation results of the three different algorithms showed that the Dice coefficient, accuracy, and recall of the multimodal CNN algorithm were 0.78 ± 0.24, 0.81 ± 0.28, and 0.88 ± 0.32, respectively, which were significantly increased compared to those of other two algorithms (

P

< 0.05). The neurological evaluation results showed that the MMSE and MoCA scores of VCI patients were 15.4 and 14.6 ± 5.31, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the non-VCI group (

P

< 0.05). The TMT-a and TMT-b scores of VCI patients were 221.7 and 385.9, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the non-VCI group (

P

< 0.05). The FA and MD values of nerve function-related fibers shown in the MRI images of the VCI group were significantly different from those of the non-VCI group (

P

< 0.05). Therefore, the neurological recovery process of VCI patients was affected by multiple neurocognitive-related fiber structures. To sum up, the multimodal CNN algorithm can sensitively and accurately reflect the degree of neurological impairment in patients with cerebrovascular disease and can be applied to disease diagnosis and neurological evaluation of VCI patients.
Oral Cyanobacteria and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hernandez Brenda Y. , Zhu Xuemei , Risch Harvey A. , Lu Lingeng , Ma Xiaomei , Irwin Melinda L. , Lim Joseph K. , Taddei Tamar H. , Pawlish Karen S. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Brown Robert , Wang Zhanwei , Wong Linda L. , Yu Herbert 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background:
Gut microbial alterations have been linked to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The role of the oral microbiome in liver cancer development has not been widely investigated.

Methods:
Bacterial 16S rRNA sequences were evaluated in oral samples from 90 HCC cases and 90 controls who were a part of a larger U.S. case–control study of HCC among patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2016.

Results:
The oral microbiome of HCC cases showed significantly reduced alpha diversity compared with controls (Shannon P = 0.002; Simpson P = 0.049), and beta diversity significantly differed (weighted Unifrac P = 0.004). The relative abundance of 30 taxa significantly varied including Cyanobacteria, which was enriched in cases compared with controls (P = 0.018). Cyanobacteria was positively associated with HCC [OR, 8.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–62.00; P = 0.031] after adjustment for age, race, birthplace, education, smoking, alcohol, obesity, type 2 diabetes, Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), fatty liver disease, aspirin use, other NSAID use, laboratory batch, and other significant taxa. When stratified by HCC risk factors, significant associations of Cyanobacteria with HCC were exclusively observed among individuals with negative histories of established risk factors as well as females and college graduates. Cyanobacterial genes positively associated with HCC were specific to taxa producing microcystin, the hepatotoxic tumor promotor, and other genes known to be upregulated with microcystin exposure.

Conclusions:
Our study provides novel evidence that oral Cyanobacteria may be an independent risk factor for HCC.

Impact:
These findings support future studies to further examine the causal relationship between oral Cyanobacteria and HCC risk.
A Metabolomics Analysis of Circulating Carotenoids and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Peng Cheng , Zeleznik Oana A. , Shutta Katherine H. , Rosner Bernard A. , Kraft Peter , Clish Clary B. , Stampfer Meir J. , Willett Walter C. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Eliassen A. Heather 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:Higher circulating carotenoids are associated with lower breast cancer risk. The underlying biology remains under-explored.Methods:We profiled 293 prediagnostic plasma metabolites in a nested case–control study (n = 887 cases) within the Nurses' Health Studies. Associations between circulating carotenoids and metabolites were identified using linear-mixed models (FDR ≤ 0.05), and we further selected metabolites most predictive of carotenoids with LASSO. Metabolic signatures for carotenoids were calculated as weighted sums of LASSO selected metabolites. We further evaluated the metabolic signatures in relation to breast cancer risk using conditional logistic-regression.Results:We identified 48 to 110 metabolites associated with plasma levels of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, estimated-vitamin-A-potential, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, which included primarily positively associated metabolites implicated in immune regulation (tryptophan), redox balance (plasmalogens, glutamine), epigenetic regulations (acetylated-/methylated-metabolites), and primarily inversely associated metabolites involved in β-oxidation (carnitines; FDR ≤ 0.05). The metabolomic signatures derived for β-carotene (Q4 vs. Q1 relative risk RR = 0.74, Ptrend = 0.02), and estimated-vitamin-A-potential (Q4 vs. Q1 RR = 0.74, Ptrend = 0.02)—measured ≥10 years before diagnosis—were associated with lower breast cancer risk. Modest attenuations of RR for measured levels of β-carotene and estimated-vitamin-A-potential were seen when we adjusted for their corresponding metabolic signatures.Conclusions:Metabolites involved in immune regulation, redox balance, membrane signaling, and β-oxidation were associated with plasma carotenoids. Although some metabolites may reflect shared common food sources or compartmental colocalization with carotenoids, others may signal the underlying pathways of carotenoids-associated lowered breast cancer risk.Impact:Consumption of carotenoid-rich diet is associated with a wide-range of metabolic changes which may help to reduce breast cancer risk.
Improved supervised prediction of aging-related genes via weighted dynamic network analysis
Authors: Li Qi , Newaz Khalique , Milenković Tijana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on the task of supervised prediction of aging-related genes from -omics data. Unlike gene expression methods for this task that capture aging-specific information butignore interactionsbetween genes (i.e., their protein products), or protein–protein interaction (PPI) network methods for this task that account for PPIs but the PPIs arecontext-unspecific, we recently integrated the two data types into an aging-specific PPI subnetwork, which yielded more accurate aging-related gene predictions. However, adynamicaging-specific subnetwork did not improve prediction performance compared to astaticaging-specific subnetwork, despite the aging process being dynamic. This could be because the dynamic subnetwork was inferred using a naive Induced subgraph approach. Instead, we recently inferred a dynamic aging-specific subnetwork using a methodologically more advanced notion of network propagation (NP), which improved upon Induced dynamic aging-specific subnetwork in a different task, that ofunsupervisedanalyses of the aging process.ResultsHere, we evaluate whether our existing NP-based dynamic subnetwork will improve upon the dynamic as well as static subnetwork constructed by the Induced approach in the considered task ofsupervisedprediction of aging-related genes. The existing NP-based subnetwork is unweighted, i.e., it gives equal importance to each of the aging-specific PPIs. Because accounting for aging-specific edge weights might be important, we additionally propose aweightedNP-based dynamic aging-specific subnetwork. We demonstrate that a predictive machine learning model trained and tested on the weighted subnetwork yields higher accuracy when predicting aging-related genes than predictive models run on the existing unweighted dynamic or static subnetworks, regardless of whether the existing subnetworks were inferred using NP or the Induced approach.ConclusionsOur proposed weighted dynamic aging-specific subnetwork and its corresponding predictive model could guide with higher confidence than the existing data and models the discovery of novel aging-related gene candidates for future wet lab validation.
What we need as we get older: needs assessment for the development of a community geriatrics service in an Australian context
Authors: Hohenberg Mark I. , Metri Najwa-Joelle , Firdaus Rubab , Simmons David , Steiner Genevieve Z. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to inform the development of a Community Geriatrics Service (CGS) that addressed the healthcare and social needs of community dwelling older people in an Australian context.

Methods
Stakeholders (N = 108) took part in a ‘needs assessment’ involving 30-min semi-structured interviews with general practitioners (GPs; N = 49), and three 2-h focus groups (community engagement meetings; N = 59) with older people, informal caregivers, allied healthcare workers, and nursing home directors. Data were transcribed and thematically coded, mapped to source and weighted to the frequency that the theme was raised across sources.

Results
Five themes informing CGS development and delivery emerged: active health conditions (management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, falls, multimorbidity, and other relevant conditions), active social challenges (patient non-compliance, need for aged care social workers, caregiver stress, elder abuse, social isolation, and stigma), referrals (availability of specialists, communication, specialist input, and advance care directives), access (lack of transport options, and inaccessibility of local geriatrics clinics and specialists), and awareness (lack of awareness, knowledge, and resources).

Conclusions
The CGS will need to address access, referral processes and health system navigation, which were perceived by stakeholders as significant challenges. These findings warrant the development of a CGS with an integrated approach to aged care, pertinent for the health and social needs of the elderly.
Characteristics of balance performance in the Chinese elderly by age and gender
Authors: Wu Hongmei , Wei Yifan , Miao Xiangqi , Li Xia , Feng Yang , Yuan Zhenzhen , Zhou Peng , Ye Xiaolei , Zhu Jianhong , Jiang Yu , Xia Qinghua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Population aging has been an emerging public and health concern globally. Balance performance can be applied as an indicator of functional status and a predictor of health outcomes in the elderly. However, reference data of balance performance in the elderly generated from large scale studies have been very limited. In research and geriatric assessment settings, the age and gender specific data on balance performance are indispensable prerequisites for identifying subpopulation with and at risk of impairments and subsequently implementing targeted interventions in clinics and public health to improve their balance performance.

Methods
A total of 1984 elderly subjects aged 60 to 97 years from community settings in urban China were investigated. The balance performances together with 3 individual domains and 16 items were evaluated using the X16 balance testing scale.

Results
In the elderly, with age increases each item, individual domain, and overall balance performance scores decreased gradually. Meanwhile, individual variations of individual domains and overall balance performance were all increased over age. Relative to levels of 60- years, postural stability and overall balance performance decreased significantly since 65 years old, static balance and dynamic balance capacities started to decrease significantly since 70 years old. There was no significant difference in each balance domain and overall balance performance between men and women. Across age groups, portions of individuals able to perform task 4, 8 and 11 successfully were the lowest amongst their corresponding domains static balance, postural stability, and dynamic balance, respectively. Similar patterns were observed in both men and women. Balance performances were categorized into poor, fair, and good groups with scores of 0 to 10, 11 to 17, and 18 to 20, respectively. With increases of age, proportions with poor and fair balance capacities elevated stably.

Conclusions
In the elderly, with advances in age, abilities of overall balance performance, individual domains of static balance, postural stability, and dynamic balance, and successful performances on specific tasks declined gradually and stably. The deterioration started to be obvious since 65–75 years. Men and women had similar patterns.