bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycystic οvary syndrome revisited: An interactions network approach
Authors: Geronikolou Styliani A. , Pavlopoulou Athanasia , Cokkinos Dennis V. , Bacopoulou Flora , Chrousos George P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has genetic, epigenetic, metabolic and reproductive aspects, while its complex pathophysiology has not been conclusively deciphered.AimThe goal of this research was to screen the gene/gene products associated with PCOS and to predict any possible interactions with the highest possible fidelity.Materials and MethodsSTRING v10.5 database and a confidence level of 0.7 were used.ResultsA highly interconnected network of 48 nodes was created, where insulin (INS) appears to be the major hub. INS upstream and downstream defects were analysed and revealed that only the kisspeptin‐ and glucagon‐coding genes were upstream of INS.ConclusionA metabolic dominance was inferred and discussed herein with its implications in puberty, obesity, infertility and cardiovascular function. This study, thus, may contribute to the resolution of a scientific conflict between the USA and EU definitions of the syndrome and/or provide a new P4 medicine approach.
Antipsychotics are related to psychometric conversion to psychosis in ultra‐high‐risk youth
Authors: Preti Antonio , Raballo Andrea , Meneghelli Anna , Cocchi Angelo , Meliante Maria , Barbera Simona , Malvini Lara , Monzani Emiliano , Percudani Mauro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prescription of antipsychotics outside overt psychotic conditions remains controversial, especially in youth where it is relatively widespread. Furthermore, some studies seem to indicate that antipsychotic exposure in individuals at ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) for psychosis is associated with higher conversion rates. This study was set up to test whether the inter‐current prescription of antipsychotics in UHR patients was related to the psychometric threshold for a diagnosis of psychosis.MethodsThe 24‐item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to quantify treatment response up to 2 years in 125 UHR participants. Standard psychometric criteria were used to quantify conversion to psychosis. Kaplan‐Mayer and Cox proportional hazard survival analysis were applied to determine the impact of having or not received the prescription of an antipsychotic drug.ResultsOver the study period 30 (24%) subjects received the prescription of an antipsychotic. In the sample, there were 31 participants (25%) who had reached the psychometric threshold for conversion to psychosis after 2 years of treatment. UHR people who received a prescription of antipsychotics during the first 2 years of treatment were statistically more likely to reach the psychometric threshold for conversion to psychosis on the BPRS: Hazard ratio = 3.03 (95%CI: 1.49–6.16); p = .003.ConclusionThis finding supports the hypothesis that the prescription of antipsychotics within UHR cohorts is to be considered a red flag for higher incipient risk of conversion to psychosis.
Continental‐scale acoustic telemetry and network analysis reveal new insights into stock structure
Authors: Lédée Elodie J. I. , Heupel Michelle R. , Taylor Matthew D. , Harcourt Robert G. , Jaine Fabrice R. A. , Huveneers Charlie , Udyawer Vinay , Campbell Hamish A. , Babcock Russell C. , Hoenner Xavier , Barnett Adam , Braccini Matias , Brodie Stephanie , Butcher Paul A. , Cadiou Gwenael , Dwyer Ross G. , Espinoza Mario , Ferreira Luciana C. , Fetterplace Lachlan , Fowler Anthony , Harborne Alastair R. , Knott Nathan A. , Lowry Michael , McAllister Jaime , McAuley Rory , Meekan Mark , Mills Kade , Peddemors Victor M. , Pillans Richard , Semmens Jayson , Smoothey Amy F. , Speed Conrad , Stehfest Kilian , van der Meulen Dylan , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDelineation of population structure (i.e. stocks) is crucial to successfully manage exploited species and to address conservation concerns for threatened species. Fish migration and associated movements are key mechanisms through which discrete populations mix and are thus important determinants of population structure. Detailed information on fish migration and movements is becoming more accessible through advances in telemetry and analysis methods however such information is not yet used systematically in stock structure assessment. Here, we described how detections of acoustically tagged fish across a continental‐scale array of underwater acoustic receivers were used to assess stock structure and connectivity in seven teleost and seven shark species and compared to findings from genetic and conventional tagging. Network analysis revealed previously unknown population connections in some species, and in others bolstered support for existing stock discrimination by identifying nodes and routes important for connectivity. Species with less variability in their movements required smaller sample sizes (45–50 individuals) to reveal useful stock structure information. Our study shows the power of continental‐scale acoustic telemetry networks to detect movements among fishery jurisdictions. We highlight methodological issues that need to be considered in the design of acoustic telemetry studies for investigating stock structure and the interpretation of the resulting data. The advent of broad‐scale acoustic telemetry networks across the globe provides new avenues to understand how movement informs population structure and can lead to improved management.
Relational Processes as Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction Trajectories Across the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: ter Kuile Hagar , van der Lippe Tanja , Kluwer Esther S. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo identify subgroups of parents with distinct patterns of change in relationship satisfaction across the transition to parenthood and predict subgroup membership from prenatal levels of relational processes.BackgroundThe average decline in relationship satisfaction that is generally found across the transition to parenthood masks the existence of subgroups of parents who show distinct patterns of change across the transition to parenthood.MethodLatent class growth analysis (LCGA) was conducted using four waves of data from a Dutch sample of 440 first‐time parents (210 couples; pregnancy to 1 year postpartum). Subgroups subsequently were examined to explore differences in prenatal relational processes.ResultsMore than half of parents reported no change in relationship satisfaction after childbirth, and only small subgroups of new parents experienced strong declines. Levels of one's own and one's partner's relationship maintenance behavior, perceived responsiveness, and accommodation during pregnancy predicted subgroup membership.ConclusionThe results underscore the importance of examining heterogeneity in relationship change across the transition to parenthood, and prenatal levels of relational processes are associated with differential relationship satisfaction trajectories.ImplicationsThe results imply that targeting the group of parents that are most at risk for relationship satisfaction decline after childbirth and starting relationship interventions during pregnancy may contribute to the effectiveness of interventions.
Public perspectives on health improvement within a remote‐rural island community
Authors: Macaulay Bobby , McHugh Neil , Steiner Artur 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundRural health outcomes are often worse than their urban counterparts. While rural health theory recognizes the importance of the social determinants of health, there is a lack of insight into public perspectives for improving rural health beyond the provision of health‐care services. Gaining insight into perceived solutions, that include and go beyond health‐ care, can help to inform resource allocation decisions to improve rural health.ObjectiveTo identify and describe shared perspectives within a remote‐rural community on how to improve rural health.MethodUsing Q methodology, a set of 40 statements were developed representing different perceptions of how to improve rural health. Residents of one remote‐rural island community ranked this statement set according to their level of agreement. Card‐sorts were analysed using factor analysis to identify shared points of view and interpreted alongside post‐sort qualitative interviews.ResultsSixty‐two respondents participated in the study. Four shared perspectives were identified, labelled: Local economic activity; Protect and care for the community; Redistribution of resources; and Investing in people. Factors converged on the need to relieve poverty and ensure access to amenities and services.Discussion and conclusionsFactors represent different elements of a multifaceted theory of rural health, indicating that ‘lay’ respondents are capable of comprehending various approaches to health improvement and perspectives are not homogenous within rural communities. Respondents diverged on the role of individuals, the public sector and ‘empowered’ community‐based organizations in delivering these solutions, with implications for policy and practice.Public ContributionMembers of the public were involved in the development and piloting of the statement set.
Spray‐drying microencapsulation of pomegranate juice increases its antioxidant activity after in vitro digestion
Authors: Álvarez‐Cervantes Pedro , Cancino‐Díaz Juan Carlos , Fabela‐Illescas Héctor Enrique , Cariño‐Cortés Raquel , López‐Villegas Edgar Oliver , Ariza‑Ortega José Alberto , Belefant‐Miller Helen , Betanzos‐Cabrera Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMost of the work on pomegranate antioxidant and antibacterial activity has been carried out with solvent extracts of different plant or fruit parts. Biosensitive compounds in juice may be subject to oxidation, reducing their biological activities. Microencapsulation can be used to protect compounds, allowing its incorporation into functional foods. This study aimed at investigating antioxidant activity after in vitro digestion of microencapsulated juice. Pomegranate juice was encapsulated by spray drying its maltodextrin and gum arabic. The average diameter of the microcapsules was 10–50 µm. We evaluated the bioaccessibility of microencapsulated phenolic compounds by using an in vitro enzymatic digestion. The total phenolic content in digested microencapsulated juice was three times greater than in undigested, indicating that the compounds were made bioaccessible. Digestion also increased antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS●+ or by DPPH●. Additionally, microencapsulated pomegranate juice showed antibacterial activity against the nine bacteria species tested.
Active/smart carboxymethyl cellulose‐polyvinyl alcohol composite films containing rose petal extract for fish packaging
Authors: Kanatt Sweetie R. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryIn this study, a film was developed for packaging fish that not only enhanced its shelf life but also was visually receptive to its spoilage. Rose petal extract (RPE) having excellent bioactivity was used as the functional component in carboxymethyl cellulose‐poly vinyl alcohol packaging film. Due to its high anthocyanin content, RPE could be used as a pH indicator, as its colour changed from bright red (pH 2) to yellow (pH 10). The developed film was used for packing Indian Mackerel and assessing its quality during chilled storage. Mackerel packed in neat film spoiled in 3 days while that in RPE containing films had shelf life of 12 days. Total bacterial count, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of fish in control were higher as compared to in RPE films. On spoilage RPE containing films showed visible colour response from red to green.
In situ dextran synthesis by Weissella confusa Ck15 and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 and their effect on chickpea sourdough bread
Authors: Galli Viola , Venturi Manuel , Cardone Gaetano , Pini Niccolò , Marti Alessandra , Granchi Lisa 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis work evaluated, for the first time, the impact of in situ dextran (with different branching degree) produced by Weissella confusa Ck15 and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 strains on the technological properties of chickpea–wheat sourdough bread prepared with three levels of chickpea flour (20, 30 and 40 g/100 g). In addition Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F8 strain (not dextran producing) and a control without sourdough fermentation were used. Specific volume, crumb hardness and moisture content of breads were evaluated during six days of storage. At the increase of chickpea flour from 20 to 40 g/100 g in the samples, the lowest decrease in bread volume (15%) occurred when W. confusa Ck15 was used. Moreover, these breads showed the lowest crumb hardness at each chickpea flour percentage, 46, 80 and 98 N. Hence, in situ dextran synthesis by W. confusa Ck15 might counteract negative effects caused by gluten‐free chickpea flour on technological properties of bread.
King Boletus mushroom‐derived bioactive protein hydrolysate: characterisation, antioxidant, ACE inhibitory and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Khongdetch Jindaporn , Laohakunjit Natta , Kaprasob Ratchadaporn 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe enzymatic‐bromelain King Boletus mushroom protein hydrolysate (eb‐KBM) was determined in terms of the biological properties (antioxidant, antihypertensive and cytotoxic activities) and compared with unhydrolysed or water‐soluble King Boletus mushroom extract (ws‐KBM). The eb‐KBM showed high antioxidant activities, as assessed by ABTS (70.9%), DPPH (60.9%) assays and hydroxyl radicals (66.0%) scavenging method. Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of eb‐KBM was 21.1% at 1 mg protein mL−1. Anticancer activity‐relevant cytotoxicity of eb‐KBM in ChaGo‐K1 (undifferentiated lung carcinoma) and HEP‐G2 (hepatocarcinoma) cells was higher than that of ws‐KBM, with lower IC50 values (6.43 and 6.35 µg mL−1, respectively). The great biological activities of eb‐KBM were related to its amino acid composition, with high contents of hydrophobic amino acids and aromatic amino acids. These results indicate that King Boletus mushroom protein hydrolysate or bioactive peptide could be used as natural antioxidative, ACE inhibitory and anticancer activities in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Minerals content in Basilicata region (southern Italy) honeys from areas with different anthropic impact
Authors: Perna Anna Maria , Grassi Giulia , Gambacorta Emilio , Simonetti Amalia 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the minerals content (toxic elements, macro‐elements and trace elements) of Basilicata region (southern Italy) honeys and compare the mineral profile of honeys classified as rural, industrial and urban according to anthropic characteristics of geographical origin. Overall, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn and Mn were the most abundant elements detected in honeys, with average contents exceeding 1 ppm, whereas heavy metals content was lower than the maximum limit established for honey. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among honeys as function of anthropic characteristics of geographical origin, with the exception for Se, Co and Ag content. Industrial honeys were characterised by the highest Zn, Cr, Sn, Cd and Pb content, urban honeys showed the highest As, Fe, Ni, Mn, Na, Mg and Ca content, whereas rural honeys showed the highest Cu, Al and Ba content (P < 0.05). The findings of this study highlighted that honeys mineral profile is closely related to different content of elements in environment, which is affected by anthropogenic activities.
Ultrasound processing of fruits and vegetables, structural modification and impact on nutrient and bioactive compounds: a review
Authors: Rojas Meliza Lindsay , Kubo Mirian T. K. , Caetano‐Silva Maria Elisa , Augusto Pedro E. D. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis review presents an updated analysis regarding the application of ultrasound technology in fruits, vegetables and their derivatives. The relationship among structure, processing, the quantity and quality of nutrients and bioactive compounds are discussed. Initially, we discussed the effect of ultrasound processing on the structure of the matrices at tissues, cells and molecules levels, also considering the different factors that influence the reported responses. Subsequently, the effect on nutrients and bioactive compound quantity (concentration) and quality (bioaccessibility → bioavailability → bioactivity) is evaluated. Ultrasound processing resulting in tissues and cell disruption, fibre breakage, isomerisation, micellisation, among other modifications, improving the extractability of compounds and/or resulting in their degradation. Moreover, the obtained new matrix interacts differently with the human body, affecting the compound accessibility, which can be increased. In conclusion, different possibilities are discussed regarding using ultrasound processing to enhance healthy aspects of plant‐based food products.
Synergistic effects of pH, temperature and glycosylation on the functional properties of rice protein
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Hui , Wei Xiang‐Ning , Liu Fang , Xu Zhou , Chen Mao‐Long 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of pH treatment, heat treatment, pH‐synergistic heat treatment and glycosylation on the functional properties of rice protein (RP). The results showed that all treatment methods could improve the functional properties of RP. Heat treatment improved functional properties by generating aggregates after RP unfolds, and pH treatment improved those by causing RP to hydrolyse and aggregate. Compared to RP, the solubility, emulsification activity (EA), emulsification stability (ES), foaming activity (FA), surface hydrophobicity and in vitro digestibility of pH‐synergistic heat treatment of RP (S‐RP) were increased by 11.47, 3.12, 3.45, 2.27, 3.36 and 2.12 times, respectively. Glycosylation mainly improved the functional properties of RP by introducing hydrophilic groups. Compared to those of S‐RP, solubility, EA, ES, FA, surface hydrophobicity and in vitro digestibility of RP–dextran conjugates (RPDCs) were increased by 2.03, 1.25, 1.97, 1.05, 1.64 and 1.48 times, respectively. Therefore, compared to glycosylated chemical modification, heat treatment and pH treatment had a weak improvement in the functional properties of RP. The comparison of pH‐treated RP (pH‐RP) and RP–dextran mixtures (RPDMs) showed that in the absence of heat treatment, carbonyl ammonia condensation almost did not occur.
Voluntary healthier kids' meals policies: Are caregivers choosing kids' meals and healthier items for their child?
Authors: Choi Yoon Y. , Hyary Maia , Fleming‐Milici Frances , Harris Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryBackgroundChildren's fast‐food consumption increases risks for obesity and other diet‐related diseases. To address concerns, from 2010 to 2016 U.S. fast‐food restaurants implemented voluntary policies to offer healthier drinks and/or sides with kids' meals.ObjectivesExamine the effectiveness of voluntary kids' meal policies.MethodsOnline repeated cross‐sectional survey (2010, 2013, 2016) of U.S. caregivers (N = 2093) who purchased fast‐food for their child (2‐11 years) in the past week. Logistic regression examined associations between healthier kids' meal policy implementation and caregivers' purchases of kids' meals and selection of healthier sides and drinks. Separate models investigated caregivers' attitudes about McDonald's kids' meal items.ResultsOverall, 55% of caregivers reported choosing a kids' meal for their child, and approximately one‐half of those caregivers selected a healthier drink and/or side. Healthier kids' meal policy implementation was associated with increased selection of healthier sides, but not healthier drinks or choice of kids' meals over higher‐calorie menu items. Child's age, caregiver gender and visit frequency were significant in most models. Caregivers' perceptions that their child(ren) like healthier drinks and sides were positively associated with selection of those items.ConclusionsExisting healthier kids' meal policies may not improve children's fast‐food consumption. Public health initiatives should examine more effective alternatives.
Novel dietary interventions for adolescents with obesity: A narrative review
Authors: Hoare Johanna K. , Jebeile Hiba , Garnett Sarah P. , Lister Natalie B. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAdolescent obesity is increasing and a range of treatment approaches are needed. Provision of tailored treatment options accounting for individual and family needs, preferences, and capacity may encourage adolescents with obesity to seek treatment, and/or improve treatment outcomes. Delivered by trained health care professionals, novel dietary interventions may have utility for adolescents not responding to conventional diets, adolescents with comorbidities or severe obesity, and/or when rapid or substantial weight loss is required. This review describes current evidence and clinical considerations relating to the use of very low energy diets, low carbohydrate diets, and intermittent energy restriction in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Emerging evidence on the use of these novel dietary interventions demonstrates short‐term weight‐related and cardiometabolic improvements. While the evidence is encouraging, and no serious adverse effects have been reported, monitoring of intervention safety is essential. Considerations for health care professionals providing care to adolescents include nutritional adequacy, psychosocial health and social relationships during the intervention. Furthermore, long‐term weight‐related, cardiometabolic and psychological health outcomes of these dietary interventions are not well understood. Large randomised controlled trials are warranted to inform clinical practice and future guidelines for the use of novel dietary interventions in adolescents with obesity.
Fibroblast heterogeneity and tertiary lymphoid tissues in the kidney
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Sato Yuki , Yanagita Motoko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFibroblasts reside in various organs and support tissue structure and homeostasis under physiological conditions. Phenotypic alterations of fibroblasts underlie the development of diverse pathological conditions, including organ fibrosis. Recent advances in single‐cell biology have revealed that fibroblasts comprise heterogeneous subpopulations with distinct phenotypes, which exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on the host organs in a context‐dependent manner. In the kidney, phenotypic alterations of resident fibroblasts provoke common pathological conditions of chronic kidney disease (CKD), such as renal anemia and peritubular capillary loss. Additionally, in aged injured kidneys, fibroblasts provide functional and structural supports for tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs), which serve as the ectopic site of acquired immune reactions in various clinical contexts. TLTs are closely associated with aging and CKD progression, and the developmental stages of TLTs reflect the severity of renal injury. In this review, we describe the current understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity both under physiological and pathological conditions, with special emphasis on fibroblast contribution to TLT formation in the kidney. Dissecting the heterogeneous characteristics of fibroblasts will provide a promising therapeutic option for fibroblast‐related pathological conditions, including TLT formation.