bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of osteoclast activities by SCPC bioceramic promotes osteoblast‐mediated graft resorption and osteogenic differentiation
Authors: El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Nakamura Miho , Muguruza Leire Bergara , Sarwar Uruj , Hassan Mohammad , Fotawi Randa Al , Horowitz Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMaximizing vital bone in a grafted site is dependent on a number of factors. These include resorption or turnover of the graft material, stimulation of bone formation pathway without a need for biological molecules added to the site and inhibition of cellular activities that compromise the mineralization of new bone matrix. In the present study, the dissolution profile of silica‐calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) in physiological solution was measured and the data were fed to (ANN‐NARX) prediction model to predict the time required for complete dissolution. The inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometer ionic composition analysis of the culture medium incubated for 3 days with SCPC showed 57% decrease in Ca concentration and a significant increase in the concentration of Si (13.5 ± 1.8 μg/ml), P (249.4 ± 22 μg/ml), and Na (9.3 ± 0.52 μg/ml). In conjunction with the release of Si, P, and Na ions, the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts was inhibited as indicated by the significant decrease in multinucleated tartrate resistant acidic phosphate stained cells and the volume of resorption pits on bone slices. In contrast, addition of SCPC to hBMSC cultured in conventional medium promoted higher Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (p < .05), osteocalcin (p < .01), and bone sialo protein (p < .01) than that expressed by control cells grown in the absence of SCPC. The predicted dissolution time of 200 mg of porous SCPC particles in 10 ml phosphate buffered saline is 6.9 months. An important byproduct of the dissolution is inhibition of osteoclastic activity and promotion of osteoblastic differentiation and hence bone formation.
Experiencing visions of Canadian church workers: Exploring the mentality fueling systems involved in poverty reduction
Authors: Tamlin Holly , Cresswell James , Hoppe Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo better understand the preferred role of faith‐based organizations in secular society, the Canadian Council of Churches partnered with researchers to explore current systems of poverty reduction. The nature of the systems involved in attending to the underlying collective subjectivities (i.e., group/communally‐shaped psychological experiences such as shared motivations, values, and aspirations) often being overlooked was justification for the importance of the research. These collective subjectivities are the forces that often drive system functioning. We conducted exploratory qualitative work situated in a theoretical frame informed by bringing together systems theory along with cultural psychology (an approach that focuses on socio‐communally shaped collective subjectivities). In turn, this theoretical frame‐shaped how Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was employed. A total of 33 participants' collective subjectivities undergirding systems surrounding poverty reduction reveals a missional faith foundation leading toward perceived essential processes of advocacy and congregational connections bridging communal divisions. They see themselves as distinctly striving to create opportunities that encourage poverty alleviation in a holistic and dignified manner reflected in a multidimensional understanding of poverty. Perceived procedural tension exists between giving (that has long‐lasting change and resonates with colonial forms of charity) and forming relationships can help people more effectively.
Persister cells as a possible cause of antibiotic therapy failure in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Bahmaninejad Parvin , Ghafourian Sobhan , Mahmoudi Mina , Maleki Abbas , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Badakhsh Behzad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimDue to the failure of antibiotic treatment and recurrence of infection in patients with Helicobacter pylori, this study was designed to find the possible cause of treatment failure and recurrence of the H. pylori infections in Ilam, Iran.MethodsOne hundred patients with specific symptoms of H. pylori infection were selected, and after taking a biopsy specimen, identification of H. pylori, antibiotic susceptibility assay, and persister cell assay were performed. In addition, after treatment, patients with persister cells were followed for possible recurrence of infection. Furthermore, an antibiotic susceptibility assay was performed.ResultsOur results demonstrated that, among 100 patients, 50% (n = 50) showed positive results for the existence of H. pylori. Among the susceptible isolates, 18% (n = 9) were persister cells that were sensitive to clarithromycin as confirmed by a 5 folds higher than the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin. The data were confirmed by following up the suspected patients.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that persister cells in H. pylori infections may be responsible to recurrent infection and antibiotic treatment failure. However, more research is needed to obtain more information in this area.
Raman spectroscopy provides insight into carbonate rock fabric based on calcite and dolomite crystal orientation
Authors: Murphy Ashley E. , Jakubek Ryan S. , Steele Andrew , Fries Marc D. , Glamoclija Mihaela 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbonate rocks record the oldest forms of life on Earth, and their geologic reconstruction requires multiple methods to determine physical and chemical processes before conclusions of ancient biosignatures are made. Since crystal orientation within rock fabric may be used to infer geologic settings, we present here a complementary Raman method to study the orientation of calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite [CaMg (CO3)2] minerals. The relative peak intensity ratio of the carbonate lattice Eg modes T and L reveals the crystallographic orientation of calcite and dolomite with respect to the incident light polarization. Our results for calcite show that when the incident laser light propagates down the crystallographic a/b axis: (1) the L mode is always greater in intensity than the T mode (IT < IL), and (2) the spectra are most intense at 45° and least intense at 90° polarization angles measured from around the c axis. Our results for dolomite show that (1) IT > IL when the incident light propagation is down the crystallographic c axis and (2) IT < IL when the incident light propagation is down the crystallographic a/b axis. This study reveals mineral orientation variation related to deposition and paragenesis within limestone and dolostone samples. The method presented yields information related to growth and deformation during diagenetic and metamorphic alteration and may be used in research seeking to identify the fabric parameters of any calcite or dolomite containing rock. The compositional and structural data obtained from Raman mapping is useful in structural geology, materials science, and biosignature research.
Evaluation of the Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Development Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Benboujja Fouzi , Greenberg Max , Nourmahnad Anahita , Rath Nicholas , Hartnick Christopher 
Published: March 2021

Objectives/HypothesisIdentifying distinctive features of the vocal fold (VF) during development could have significant clinical implications for treating voice disorders. This study investigates the structural organization of the VF microanatomy across gender and age groups using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Study DesignProspective clinical trial.Materials and MethodsIn vivo OCT images were acquired from 97 patients (58 males and 39 females) aged between 6 weeks and 27 years. All patients showed no signs of vocal fold pathology on endoscopy. Morphological features were extracted from OCT images and statistically compared between age groups. This study was performed at Massachusetts Eye and Ear between 2017 and 2019.ResultsAll OCT acquisitions show a stratified microanatomy across age groups, even in newborns suggesting the presence of a superficial lamina propria (SLP) at birth. Furthermore, the optical scattering in the VF lamina propria changes according to age, suggesting subepithelial maturation. Although the epithelium thickness was relatively constant across age groups, the SLP showed a significant linear relationship between age and thickness (P = .016). Furthermore, a significant difference (P = .002) in SLP thickness was found between young adult males and females. The overall thickness of the entire mucosa did not change significantly with age.ConclusionOCT is a noninvasive imaging modality capable of providing quantitative morphological features to describe the VF development. A stratified structure can be observed in OCT from newborns to young adults. Further investigations could combine OCT, acoustic measurements, and molecular sensitive techniques to provide a complete interpretation of the VF development.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2558–E2565, 2021
The Impact of the 2017 Kidney Allocation Policy Change on Simultaneous Liver‐Kidney Utilization and Outcomes
Authors: Samoylova Mariya L. , Wegermann Kara , Shaw Brian I. , Kesseli Samuel J. , Au Sandra , Park Christine , Halpern Samantha E. , Sanoff Scott , Barbas Andrew S. , Patel Yuval A. , Sudan Debra L. , Berg Carl , McElroy Lisa M. 
Published: March 2021

Historically in the United States, kidneys for simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (SLKT) candidates were allocated with livers, prioritizing SLKT recipients over much of the kidney waiting list. A 2017 change in policy delineated renal function criteria for SLKT and implemented a safety net for kidney‐after‐liver transplantation. We compared the use and outcomes of SLKT and kidney‐after‐liver transplant with the 2017 policy. United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research files were used to identify adults who received liver transplantations (LT) from August 10, 2007 to August 10, 2012; from August 11, 2012 to August 10, 2017; and from August 11, 2017 to June 12, 2019. LT recipients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) were defined by dialysis requirement or estimated glomerular filtration rate <25. We evaluated outcomes and center‐level, regional, and national practice before and after the policy change. Nonparametric cumulative incidence of kidney‐after‐liver listing and transplant were modeled by era. A total of 6332 patients received SLKTs during the study period; fewer patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥50 mL/min underwent SLKT over time (5.8%, 4.8%, 3.0%; P = 0.01 ). There was also less variability in GFR at transplant after policy implementation on center and regional levels. We then evaluated LT‐alone (LTA) recipients with ESRD (n = 5408 from 2012‐2017; n = 2321 after the policy). Listing for a kidney within a year of LT increased from 2.9% before the policy change to 8.8% after the policy change, and the rate of kidney transplantation within 1 year increased from 0.7% to 4% (P < 0.001). After the policy change, there was no difference in patient survival rates between SLKT and LTA among patients with ESRD. Implementation of the 2017 SLKT policy change resulted in reduced variability in SLKT recipient kidney function and increased access to deceased donor kidney transplantation for LTA recipients with kidney disease without negatively affecting outcomes.
Update of the CLRP eye plaque brachytherapy database for photon‐emitting sources
Authors: Safigholi Habib , Parsons Zack , Deering Stephen G. , Thomson Rowan M. 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo update and extend the Carleton Laboratory for Radiotherapy Physics (CLRP) Eye Plaque (EP) dosimetry database for low‐energy photon‐emitting brachytherapy sources using egs_brachy, an open‐source EGSnrc application. The previous database, CLRP_EPv1, contained datasets for the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) plaques (10–22 mm diameter) with 103Pd or 125I seeds (BrachyDose‐computed, 2008). The new database, CLRP_EPv2, consists of newly calculated three‐dimensional (3D) dose distributions for 17 plaques [eight COMS, five Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG, and four others representative of models used worldwide] for 103Pd, 125I, and 131Cs seeds.Acquisition and validation methodsPlaque models are developed with egs_brachy, based on published/manufacturer dimensions and material data. The BEBIG plaques (modeled for the first time) are identical in dimensions to COMS plaques but differ in elemental composition and/or density. Previously benchmarked seed models are used. Eye plaques and seeds are simulated at the center of full‐scatter water phantoms, scoring in (0.05 cm)3 voxels spanning the eye for scenarios: (a) “HOMO”: simulated TG43 conditions; (b) “HETERO”: eye plaques and seeds fully modeled; (c) “HETsi” (BEBIG only): one seed is active at a time with other seed geometries present but not emitting photons (inactive); summation over all seeds in a plaque then yields “HETsum” (includes interseed effects). For validation, doses are compared to those from CLRP_EPv1 and published data.Data format and accessData are available at https://physics.carleton.ca/clrp/eye_plaque_v2, http://doi.org/10.22215/clrp/EPv2. The data consist of 3D dose distributions (text‐based EGSnrc “3ddose” file format) and graphical presentations of the comparisons to previously published data.Potential applicationsThe CLRP_EPv2 database provides accurate reference 3D dose distributions to advance ocular brachytherapy dose evaluations. The fully‐benchmarked eye plaque models will be freely distributed with egs_brachy, supporting adoption of model‐based dose evaluations as recommended by TG‐129, TG‐186, and TG‐221.
Low‐carbohydrate, high‐fat enteral formulas for managing glycemic control in patients who are critically ill: A review of the evidence
Authors: Burslem Ryan , Rigassio Radler Diane , Parker Anna , Zelig Rena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Low‐carbohydrate, high‐fat (LCHF) enteral formulas are marketed to improve glycemic control; however, given the multifactorial mechanisms contributing to hyperglycemia in patients who are critically ill, the effect that LCHF formulas may have on improving glycemic control in this patient population is unclear. Current guidelines for the use of LCHF formulas among patients who are critically ill are limited by a lack of evidence. This review explores recent research published in the past 7 years to determine whether LCHF enteral formulas improve glycemic control compared with standard enteral formulas in patients who are critically ill. Four randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. Their results suggest that LCHF formulas may improve glycemic control in patients who are critically ill with diabetes mellitus and/or who are hyperglycemic. Further large‐scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate these findings among different subgroups of patients with critical illness. The potential benefits of LCHF formulas need to be weighed against specific limitations, including that LCHF formulas typically do not contain sufficient protein to meet the recommended needs of patients who are critically ill.
A cellular expression map of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer‐enriched transcription factor genes integrated with the regulatory network in Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem
Authors: Bhatia Shivani , Kumar Harish , Mahajan Monika , Yadav Sonal , Saini Prince , Yadav Shalini , Sahu Sangram Keshari , Sundaram Jayesh Kumar , Yadav Ram Kishor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTranscriptional control of gene expression is an exquisitely regulated process in both animals and plants. Transcription factors (TFs) and the regulatory networks that drive the expression of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in Arabidopsis are unexplored. Here, we identified 65 TF genes enriched in the epidermal and subepidermal cell layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). To determine the cell type specificity in different stages of Arabidopsis development, we made YFP based transcriptional fusion constructs by taking a 3‐kb upstream noncoding region above the translation start site. Here, we report that for ~52% (22/42) TF genes, we detected transcription activity. TF genes derived from epidermis show uniform expression in early embryo development; however, in the late globular stage, their transcription activity is suppressed in the inner cell layers. Expression patterns linked to subepidermal cell layer identity were apparent in the postembryonic development. Potential upstream regulators that could modulate the activity of epidermal and subepidermal cell layer‐enriched TF genes were identified using enhanced yeast‐one‐hybrid (eY1H) assay and validated. This study describes the activation of TF genes in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers in embryonic and postembryonic development of Arabidopsis shoot apex.
Estane‐Assisted Preparation of Submicron β‐Form HMX Particles through Antisolvent Crystallization
Authors: Kim Dong Woo , Kim Hyejoo , Huh Eugene , Park Sewon , Lee Chang Ha , Ahn Ik Sung , Koo Kee Kahb , Lee Keun Deuk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOctahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) particles were prepared through solvent‐antisolvent crystallization at room temperature by using dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol as a solvent and an antisolvent, respectively. Estane, which has been used as a polymer binder in polymer‐bound explosives, was added to retard nucleation and inhibit crystal growth. The particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Owing to the nucleation at a high degree of supersaturation, thermodynamically unstable submicron non‐β‐form HMX particles were formed initially. Their morphology was changed to β‐form; the submicron size was maintained while the particles were entrapped in Estane. Estane was removed by washing with tetrahydrofuran, and the purity of the submicron β‐form HMX particles was greater than 99 %.
Effects of standardized health education pathway on patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Mao Changmin , Cheng Jing , Xia Hongxiang , Li Jing , Zhou Jing , Meng Aifeng , Zhi Xiaoxu , Wang Meixiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the application and effect of standardized health education pathway in patients undergoing EBUS‐TNBA.MethodsHundred and one patients undergoing EBUS‐TBNA for the first time from September 2017 to June 2018 were divided into the study group and the control group. Patients in the control group (n = 50)received routine health education, while those in the study group (n = 51) received health education intervention based on the standardized health education pathway. Differences of anxiety, heart rate and oxygen saturation recovery time, success rate of first intubation attempt, and patient satisfaction between the two groups were observed.ResultsBasic information of patients in the two groups was comparable (P > .05). The SAS scores of the recovery time of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the study group were observably lower than those in the control group (P < .05), while the success rate of first intubation attempt and the satisfaction rate of the patients in the study group were remarkably higher (P < .05).ConclusionHealth education based on the standardized pathway can reduce the anxiety level of patients undergoing EBUS‐TNBA, reduce the operation time, and improve the success rate of first intubation attempt as well as the satisfaction of patients.
Transcript analysis of commercial prostate cancer risk stratification panels in hard‐to‐predict grade group 2–4 prostate cancers
Authors: Lehto Timo‐Pekka K. , Stürenberg Carolin , Malén Adrian , Erickson Andrew M. , Koistinen Hannu , Mills Ian G. , Rannikko Antti , Mirtti Tuomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproved prognostication is needed to minimize overtreatment in grade group (GG) 2–4 prostate cancer. Our aim was to determine, at messenger RNA (mRNA) level, the performance of the genes in the commercial panels Decipher, Oncotype DX, Prolaris, and mutational panel MSK‐IMPACT to predict metastasis‐free and prostate cancer‐specific death (PCSD) in patients with GG 2–4 prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy.MethodsThe retrospective cohort consisted of GG 2–4 patients treated with radical prostatectomy (median follow‐up 10.4 years). Seventy‐six cases with postoperative metastasis or PCSD and 84 controls with similar clinical baseline risk, but without progression, were analyzed. Index lesion mRNA transcripts were analyzed using NanoString technology. Random forest models were trained using panel gene sets to predict clinical endpoints and area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and number needed to diagnose (NND) was measured. Survival probability was assessed with Kaplan–Meier estimator.ResultsAll gene sets outperformed clinical parameters and predicted metastasis‐free and prostate cancer‐specific survival. However, there were significant differences between the panels. In metastasis prediction, the genes in Oncotype DX had inferior performance (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.65) compared to other panels (AUC = 0.73–0.74). Decipher, MSK‐IMPACT and Prolaris showed similar NND (2.83–3.12) with Oncotype DX having highest NND (4.79). In PCSD prediction, the Prolaris gene set performed worse (AUC = 0.66) than MSK‐IMPACT or Decipher (AUC = 0.72). Oncotype DX performed similarly to other panels (AUC = 0.69, p > .05). Oncotype DX demonstrated lowest NND (2.79) compared to other panels (4.22–5.66).ConclusionTranscript analysis of genes included in commercial panels is feasible in survival prediction of GG 2‐4 patients after radical prostatectomy and may aid in clinical decision making. There were significant differences between the panels, and overall stronger predictive gene sets are needed. Prospective investigation is warranted in biopsy materials.
Using recurrent time‐to‐event models with multinomial outcomes to generate toxicity profiles
Authors: Gebski Val , Marschner Ian , Asher Rebecca , Byth Karen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost clinical studies, which investigate the impact of therapy simultaneously, record the frequency of adverse events in order to monitor safety of the intervention. Study reports typically summarise adverse event data by tabulating the frequencies of the worst grade experienced but provide no details of the temporal profiles of specific types of adverse events. Such 'toxicity profiles' are potentially important tools in disease management and in the assessment of newer therapies including targeted treatments and immunotherapy where different types of toxicity may be more common at various times during long‐term drug exposure. Toxicity profiles of commonly experienced adverse events occurring due to exposure to long‐term treatment could assist in evaluating the costs of the health care benefits of therapy. We show how to generate toxicity profiles using an adaptation of the ordinal time‐to‐event model comprising of a two‐step process, involving estimation of the multinomial response probabilities using multinomial logistic regression and combining these with recurrent time to event hazard estimates to produce cumulative event probabilities for each of the multinomial adverse event response categories. Such a model permits the simultaneous assessment of the risk of events over time and provides cumulative risk probabilities for each type of adverse event response. The method can be applied more generally by using different models to estimate outcome/response probabilities. The method is illustrated by developing toxicity profiles for three distinct types of adverse events associated with two treatment regimens for patients with advanced breast cancer.