bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand la technique n’est plus là. Documenter la teinture à l’indigo au Nord Bénin (xixe-xxe siècles)
Authors: Gosselain Olivier P. 
Published: November 2021

Élément essentiel d’une filière textile centrée sur le coton, la teinture à l’indigo était pratiquée dans des dizaines d’ateliers au Nord Bénin à la veille de l’occupation coloniale. L’activité a perduré durant la première moitié du xxe siècle, puis a amorcé son déclin jusqu’à disparaître complètement au début des années quatre-vingt-dix. Depuis 2011, je m’efforce de documenter les pratiques tinctoriales au Nord Bénin, par entretiens avec d’anciens teinturiers et visites des sites d’ateliers. L’objectif est de reconstituer les processus techniques, leur cadre socio-économique et leur trajectoire historique. Ces recherches s’intègrent depuis 2020 dans un projet plus ambitieux consacré à l’ensemble de la filière textile et destiné à produire des archives visuelles pour l’Endangered Material Knowledge Programme du British Museum. Dans cet article, je présente les principaux enseignements tirés des enquêtes de terrain, en me focalisant d’abord sur les méthodes mises en œuvre pour documenter une technique disparue et en donnant ensuite un aperçu des processus techniques et du contexte dans lequel se pratiquait la teinture à l’indigo.
Monolithes sculptés akwanshi/atal de la Cross River (Nigéria-Cameroun)
Authors: Tchandeu Narcisse Santores , Sambo Hassimi 
Published: November 2021

La tradition des monolithes akwanshi/atal semble s’être développée sur les traces d’un fond régional commun de civilisation mégalithique de l’âge du fer ancien, auquel répond une assimilation des normes de la sculpture en bois et des arts du corps ; ceci en lien avec la mise en place vers le xvie siècle des institutions initiatiques et des rites agraires du groupe ikom. Aussi exceptionnels en Afrique que les monolithes phalliques sculptés d’Éthiopie et du Mali, ces monuments, plus ou moins difficiles à déplacer, n’ont pourtant cessé d’être prisés sur le marché international de l’art et d’alimenter les musées. Collectés dans des conditions souvent illégales, en relation avec les crises sécuritaires comme celles du Biafra, les akwanshi/atal posent différents problèmes de recherche comme ceux des contextes et conditions archéologiques de production, du sens des représentations dans la mémoire collective des groupes ethniques in situ, et des attributions et classifications stylistiques. Parallèlement à une synthèse des connaissances sur le sujet, cette étude propose une analyse diachronique des styles, à partir de trois séquences chrono-morphologiques, et un examen de la patrimonialisation locale et des collections internationales.
Perdus dans l’espace ? Reconstituer les chantiers archéologiques de Frank Willett à Ita Yemoo, Ile-Ife, Nigéria : fouilles de sauvetage (1957-1958) et tranchée XIV (1962-1963)
Authors: Roth Léa , Chouin Gérard , Ogunfolakan Adisa 
Published: November 2021

Entre décembre 1957 et janvier 1958, Frank Willett dirigea une fouille de sauvetage à Ita Yemoo, Ile-Ife (Nigéria), afin d’apporter un éclairage scientifique sur la découverte fortuite par les ouvriers d’un chantier de construction d’un groupe de rares artefacts en laiton. Ita Yemoo allait se révéler être un site archéologique majeur, et F. Willett y poursuivit ses travaux de 1958 à 1963. Le site devint fameux pour ses « bronzes » et pour plusieurs têtes en terre cuite découvertes in situ, élevées au rang d’icônes de l’art d’Ife durant sa période de « florescence » entre les xiiie et xive siècles de notre ère. Son renom contraste cependant avec l’absence de publication détaillée de son archéologie. Dans cet article, nous faisons usage de photographies, croquis et notes de terrain extraits d’un fonds d’archives, riche mais encore peu connu, légué par Frank Willett à l’université de Glasgow ; notre objectif est de reconstituer les détails de sa première saison de fouilles sur ce site, interpréter ses observations et proposer une réflexion sur la nécessité de redécouvrir et de publier les archives oubliées du patrimoine archéologique de l’Afrique.
Un atelier de tuilier du haut Moyen Âge et sa production en forêt de Tronçais, à Isle-et-Bardais (Allier)
Authors: Laüt Laure 
Published: November 2021

Le site des Petits Jardins à Isle-et-Bardais
(Allier) se trouve au cœur de la forêt de Tronçais, une des plus
belles chênaies d’Europe, sur un terrain riche en argile et en sable.
Neuf campagnes de fouilles programmées y ont été menées entre 2002 et
2014, permettant de cerner deux phases d’occupation principales. Après
l’implantation d’un sanctuaire antique, le site est réoccupé par des
artisans tuiliers qui, au haut Moyen Âge, aménagent deux fours dans
les ruines de l’un des temples. Des tuiles « à la romaine » sont alors
produites (tegulae et imbrices), plus légères et
plus petites que les modèles antiques trouvés localement. Rares sont
les ateliers de ce type au haut Moyen Âge et quelques hypothèses
peuvent être formulées au sujet de la destination des tuiles produites
sur ce site.
Sideswipe elbow injuries in Egypt
Authors: Abed El-Negery A. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
The aim was to show the causes of sideswipe injury and to evaluate functional outcome of these injuries.

Patients and methods
A total of 16 patients presenting with sideswipe injuries around the elbow were managed, and functional results were evaluated between June 2014 and June 2017. Eleven of these patients were males and five were females. The injuries were sustained in the age group between 20 and 50 years. Thirteen patients were affected on the right side and three patients were affected on the left side. Road traffic accident was the cause in all patients. Principles of management followed were first, debridement and stabilization of fractures; second, vascular repair; third, repeated debridement; fourth, nerve repair; and fifth, soft tissue cover. Internal fixation was used as a stabilization modality in all patients ranging from minimal fixation to plating and graft. Primary nerve and tendon repair was carried out in two cases. Skin graft was done in two cases. Mayo elbow performance score was used for evaluation of the results.

Results
The average follow-up period was 23.3 months (12–36 months). A total of 12 cases underwent internal fixation for open injuries of the humerus, radius, and ulna, and four required extraoperative interference, including nerve repair in two cases and skin graft in two cases. The functional outcome according to Mayo elbow performance score was excellent (score >90) in two cases (12.5%), good (score 75–89) in 11 cases (68.75%), fair (score 60–74) in two cases (12.5%), and poor (score <60) in one cases (6.25%).

Conclusion
Sideswipe should be managed timely, aggressively, and an algorithmic procedure should be followed to attain best results. The injury pattern is different for which a multispecialty approach is needed, and an orthopedic, vascular and plastic surgeon must be implicated. Limb salvage is possible in most cases. Educational programs, appropriate legislation, traffic condition improvements, and car design improvements should be encouraged to prevent these complex and devastating injuries.
Distal tibial fractures
Authors: Motawea Bahaa A. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Distal tibial fractures are notorious for being associated with skin complications such as wound dehiscence and infection. The use of angle-stable external locked plate has a dual advantage, acting as an external fixator, which avoids the complications associated with conventional open surgery, and avoiding the cumbersome bulky external frames traditionally used for lower limb fractures. Moreover, joint spanning is not necessary in this technique, leaving the ankle joint free, avoiding joint stiffness commonly associated with the conventional frames.

Patients and methods
A total of 56 patients with closed distal tibial fractures were randomly assigned in two equal groups. Group A comprised patients treated with the conventional open reduction and internal fixation, whereas group B comprised patients treated with external locked plate (supracutaneous plate). The patients were assessed according to the Klemn and Borner scoring system at the end of follow-up.

Results
Group B patients had significantly better clinical and radiological outcome than group A. The union in group B was more rapid (12.96±2.74 weeks) than in group A (18.68±12.12 weeks), with a statistically significant difference between them. The rate of complications was significantly less in the group B, with only three patients having superficial self-limiting infection in comparison with group A, with 11 patients having deep infection and skin dehiscence with exposure of the plate. None of the cases of group B developed implant failure, whereas seven cases in group A developed implant failure.

Conclusion
Treatment of closed distal tibial fractures by external locked plate could result in a better functional outcome than conventional open reduction and internal fixation, while avoiding the skin complications associated with the conventional plating.

Level of evidence
Level II: prospective randomized double-blinded study.
Arthroscopic Bankart repair
Authors: Elbigawi Hossam , Ahmed Abdel-Salam A. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Arthroscopic Bankart repair is a common procedure for treatment of recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation all over the world. Different studies compared the outcome of transglenoid sutures after different modifications with the outcome of suture anchors and they found no significant difference between the two procedures.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the long-term results of the modified transglenoid sutures through two holes and the use of suture anchors .

Patients and methods
Seventy patients were included in this study (42 for the transglenoid group and 28 for the second group). The mean follow-up period for the first (transglenoid) group was 7.19 years (range 5–11) and for the second (anchor) group 6.93 years (range 5–12).

Results
There is a significant difference in both groups between the preoperative and postoperative Rowe scores (P=0.000), while there is insignificance when comparing the two groups. Six patients (14.3%) in the transglenoid group suffered from recurrence of instability (two dislocations and four subluxations). Two of them needed second operation (open Laterjet procedure). In the anchor group, four (14.2%) patients suffered recurrence of symptoms of instability (two dislocations and two subluxations). Two of them required second operation. One patient of the first group suffered infection related to the sutures and the knot that required removal of the suture material.

Conclusion
Modified transglenoid suture technique is quietly equal to the repair with suture anchors for treatment of recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability.
Computerized tomography-guided radiofrequency ablation for osteoid osteoma
Authors: El Naggar Ahmed , Shaban Mohamed H. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Osteoid osteoma (OO) is an osteogenic bone tumor. Clinically, it is characterized by night pain that improves with NSAID treatment. It appears in radiography as a small radiolucent nidus with sclerosis of the surrounding bone. Surgical excision is the classic treatment of choice. However, many noninvasive procedures have been used to avoid the morbidity associated with surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of modified technique of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the management of OO.

Patients and methods
A total of 37 patients with OO were treated with percutaneous computed tomography-guided RFA. Overall, 24 lesions were located in the femur, 10 in the tibia, two in the acetabulum, and one in scapula. The diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, radiographs, computed tomography scan, and bone scintigraphy. Bone drilling was used to make a track to reach the nidus. The average follow-up period was 37 months.

Results
A total of 36 patients became pain free within a period of 12 h 3 weeks after the procedure. One patient experienced a milder form of pain. One patient had transient sciatica, which improved using corticosteroids and NSAIDs. Two patients had soft tissue infection treated using antibiotics. No recurrence was reported for at least 2.5 years.

Conclusions
RFA is a safe and effective treatment for OO lesions, especially for lesions, which is difficult to be managed surgically. The use of a bone drill facilitates the technique and decreases the operative time.
Cost-effective technique for medial meniscus posterior root tear repair
Authors: Zakaria Zeiad M. , Ghazi Ahmed 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of medial meniscus posterior root repair by transosseous pull-out sutures, relying on readily available tools.

Patients and methods
Thirty-four patients, aged between 18 and 49 years old of both sexes, with isolated post-traumatic meniscal root tear, operated between September 2013 and September 2015, were prospectively evaluated clinically in terms of Lysholm and Tegner scoring systems. Successful repair was measured by improvement of gap sign, ghost sign, and meniscal extrusion.

Results
The study group had 18 females and 16 males, mean age was 40.8±6.9 years, mean BMI was 30.5±4.9 kg/m2. The mean follow-up duration was 24.5 months. Lysholm and Tegner scores improved significantly (P=0.000). Complete healing occurred in 20 cases (P=0.000), and partial healing in 10 cases (P=0.000), failure occurred in four cases. Both absolute and relative meniscal extrusion decreased by −1.2±1.5 mm (P=0.01) and −0.12±0.15 (P=0.007), respectively.

Conclusions
Meniscal root repair by transosseous pull-out suture is a cost-effective and reproducible technique that yields good structural and functional results. This was objectively confirmed both functionally and radiologically in 88% of cases fixed by this technique.
An Observational Study of Mucocutaneous Manifestations among SARS-CoV-2 Patients from Three COVID-19 Dedicated Tertiary Care Centers
Authors: Mohta Alpana , Mohta Achala , Nai Radhe Shyam , Arora Aakanksha , Jain Suresh Kumar , Mohta Alok , Mehta Rajesh Dutt , Ghiya Bhikam Chand , Prasad Vijeta , Khokhar Rajesh , Toteja Rajat , Bha`rgava Gaurav 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Ever since the outbreak of COVID-19, the respiratory system has been the chief focus of researches, however, understanding the impact of this disease on the integumentary system is just as essential.

Objectives:
We aimed at collecting data on any cutaneous manifestation arising in patients with active and recovering COVID-19 infection, or a direct consequence of the infection's treatment, and correlating these findings with systemic disease severity and duration.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was conducted in three tertiary care centers from Rajasthan, India, to acquire data of laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 presenting with any mucocutaneous manifestation.

Results:
Eight predominant patterns of dermatological involvement were seen, namely, maculopapular (14.59%), urticarial (13.17%), perniotic (12.1%), pityriasis rosea (11.74%), acral erythema/edema (10.3%), petechial (4.63%), vesicular (2.49%), and livedo (1.78%). Rare findings included eruptive pseudoangioma, eruptive hypomelanosis, alopecia parvimaculata, geographic tongue, chikungunya-like hyperpigmentation, and nail changes. On correlating these findings with the gradient of the disease, livedo, vasculitis, exfoliation, and erythroderma were associated with severe disease, whereas perniosis and eruptive pseudoangioma were seen in mild illness.

Conclusion:
We reported a few previously unpublished skin manifestations of COVID-19, namely, geographic tongue, chikungunya-like pigmentation, eruptive hypomelanosis, and alopecia parvimaculata. This study provides a visual description of the muco-cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease which could aid a dermatologist or physician in early diagnosis of this novel infection, especially in a resource-poor setting.
Stigma Experienced by the Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Mehra Aseem , Dogra Sunil , Hazari Nandita , Malhora Nidhi , Narang Tarun , Sahoo Swapanjeet , Sharma Sunil , Handa Sanjeev , Avasthi Ajit 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis associated with psychological morbidity. Very few studies have evaluated stigma among caregivers of patients with psoriasis.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of stigma and its correlates among the caregivers of patients with psoriasis.

Methodology:
Forty-nine caregivers of patients with psoriasis were evaluated on psoriasis adapted version of caregiver of people with mental illness (CPMI) to assess internalized stigma, Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Stigma Scale, Family Burden Inventory (FBI), Multidimensional aspect of perceived social support scale (PSS), Cognitive behavioral avoidance scale (CBAS), and Coping checklist.

Results:
Majority of the caregivers were either spouse (42.8%) or parents (36.7%) of the patients. The caregivers were involved in the care of the patients for a mean duration of 6.5(SD; 4.8) years. On CPMI, the mean score was highest for the affective domain (3.1), this was followed by affective (2.9), and behavioral (2.9) domain. Very few (12.2%) caregivers reported significantly high caregiver burden. A higher level of stigma was associated with more often use of avoidance coping. Presence of higher social support was associated with higher level of stigma as assessed by using CPMI. A higher level of caregiver burden in all the domains of FBI was associated with higher level of stigma.

Conclusion:
Stigma is highly prevalent among the caregivers of patients with psoriasis. These findings suggest that there is an urgent need to identify the stigma and address the same.
Clinical, Occupational and Allergological Profile of 455 Patients with Occupational Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Mahajan Vikram K. , Mehta Karaninder Singh , Chauhan Pushpinder Singh , Sharma Reena , Sharma Anuj , Verma Yog Raj , Chandel Monika , Sharma Hitender , Sharma Jyotshna , Singh Vijay Karan , Hooda Sheenam 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
To evaluate clinical and occupational profile and common allergens in patients with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD).

Materials and Methods:
The records of 455 (M:F 2:1) patients aged 18-85 years with allergic contact dermatitis were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis of OCD and patterns of dermatitis were defined by standard criteria. Indian standard series comprising 20 allergens and when suspected patient's own products were patch tested by Finn chamber method as per European Society of Contact Dermatitis guidelines and relevance of positive results was defined clinically.

Results:
Airborne contact dermatitis (27.7%), acral dermatitis (14.1%), hand dermatitis (12.9%), acrofacial dermatitis (12.7%), and facial dermatitis (10.5%) were the common patterns. Agriculturists (51.2%), homemakers (27.9%), office workers (24.6%), and construction workers (4.6%) comprised the majority. Positive patch test results in 58% cases were from parthenium (31.7%), p-paraphenylenediamine (PPD) (22.9%), nickel (16%), fragrance mix (11%), potassium dichromate (10.7%), cobalt (7.6%), and mercaptobenzothiazole (4.9%). Hair colorants, shoe chips, and shaving cream also produced relevant positive reactions. Parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in agriculturists; nickel, parthenium, PPD, fragrance mix, and potassium dichromate in women, and potassium dichromate and parthenium in construction workers elicited the most positive reactions. PPD and hair colorants elicited positive reaction mainly in office workers.

Conclusions:
The agriculturists, homemakers, and construction workers have OCD most frequently. Parthenium in farmers, potassium dichromate in construction workers, nickel in women, and PPD in office workers were the major contact allergens. The study is limited by its retrospective design, small number of patients, and limited number of patch test allergens.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Correlate Disease Severity in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients with Serum Levels of Autoantibodies Against BP180 and BP230
Authors: Muhammed Naziya , Korgaonkar Seema , Pradhan Vandana , Khopkar Uday S. 
Published: November 2021

Context:
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for BP 180 and 230 antibodies is commonly done in patients with bullous pemphigoid. We could not find much data regarding the usefulness of this test to predict the disease severity in Indian population.

Aims:
We studied the correlation of IgG anti BP180 and anti BP230 antibody titer with disease severity and clinical features in bullous pemphigoid.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in western India.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two clinically diagnosed treatment-naive cases of bullous pemphigoid were enrolled and investigated with skin punch biopsy, IgG anti BP180, and anti BP230 ELISA, direct immunofluorescence, and indirect immunofluorescence tests. Disease severity was assessed by calculating modified Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score (ABSIS) score. Thirty patients with a final diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid were included in the statistical analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to study correlation.

Results:
The mean ABSIS skin score was 32.81 when both tests were negative, 42.13 when only BP230 was positive, 76.28 when only BP180 was positive, and 78.16 when both were positive. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) for BP180 and ABSIS skin score was 0.6 (P value: 0.0005), and for BP230 was -0.055 (P value: 0.600).

Conclusions:
BP antibody titers correlate partially with disease severity. Anti-BP180 antibody is associated with more severe disease. Anti-BP230 antibody titer does not correlate with disease severity.
Severity of Phytophthora leaf blight disease and susceptibility of two local varieties of Colocasia to Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski in Nsukka zone of South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuja Faustina Njideka , Onaebi Chiemeka Nwakaego , Chiejina Nneka Virginia , Ugwuoke Kelvin Ikechukwu 
Published: November 2021

Leaf-blight disease of Colocasia caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski has been a serious impediment to cocoyam production in Nigeria. Disease severity and susceptibility of the two most cultivated local varieties “Ugwuta” (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) and “Nkashi Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) were investigated. Disease severity was visually estimated as the percentage leaf surface affected by blight, lesion or lesion-related chlorosis for each leaf of a plant using a seven-point scale of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in three locations: Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa. Susceptibility was assessed on 2 months old potted plants of each variety inoculated with a 7-day old culture of P. colocasiae. Diameters of lesions on inoculated leaves were recorded from the 3rd - 8th day after inoculation. Data on severity were subjected to ANOVA and susceptibility of the varieties was compared with t-test. Results revealed significant LSD=4.96 (0.05) and varying degrees of leaf blight severity among varieties and locations. Variety antiquorum had significantly higher severities of 42.08, 46.40 and 47.42% at Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa respectively, compared to 34.85, 36.55 and 28.19% recorded by var. esculenta at these locations, respectively. Similarly, var. antiquorum had greater lesion diameter ranging from 0.65±0.07 cm - 3.70±0.14 cm and average diameter of 2.4±0.16cm compared to var. esculenta which had 0.41±0.14cm - 3.12±0.19 cm and average diameter of 1.80±0.16. This research has shown that varieties and locations affect the severity and susceptibility of Phytophthora leaf blight disease. This could be a guide to farmers having known that var. esculenta is less severe to Phytophthora leaf blight disease.