bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth and production of antimicrobial compounds from Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 on cheese whey medium
Authors: Mutmainna A. , Arief I. I. , Budiman C. 
Published: June 2021

Plantaricin IIA-1A5 is a bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 which is isolated from Indonesian beef, and it inhibits activity of Gram negative and positive pathogenic bacteria. However, preparation of the antibacterial agent for further applications or studies is costly due to the usage of a bacterial medium. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the feasibility of cheese whey as a growth medium for production of the bacteriocin. The growth curve of Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 in producing antimicrobial compounds was found to occur in the logarithmic phase with an incubation time of 28 and 32 hours. Purification of plantaricin IIA-1A5 produced peptides with a molecular weight of 9.59 kDa consisting of whey and whey+ (20g/L sucrose, 12.5 g/L tryptone and 7.5 g/L yeast extract); thus, the peptide was grouped as class IIa (<10 kDa) bacteriocin. The protein concentration of plantaricin IIA-1A5 with whey+ (sucrose, tryptone, and yeast extract) treatment and whey treatment was 1883.17 mg/ml and lower than 325.58 mg/ml, respectively. Based on the antimicrobial activity test using a paper disc method, plantaricin IIA-1A5 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923; the whey and whey+ treatment yielded 38.02 IU/dL and 321 IU/dL, respectively, while antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using whey and whey+ treatment yielded 44.85 IU/dL and 172.08 IU/dL, respectively. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial properties of plantaricin IIA-1A5 in the whey medium is proven through the results of this study. In short, the whey is appropriate growth medium for bacteriocin production.
mtDNA D-loop sequence analysis of Kalang, Krayan, and Thale Noi buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Indonesia and Thailand reveal genetic diversity
Authors: Suhardi S. , Summpunn P. , Wuthisuthimethavee S. 
Published: June 2021

Kalang (KBuf), Krayan (KrBuf), and Thale Noi buffaloes (TBuf) are swamp buffalo genetic resources in Indonesia and Thailand. The maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), particularly D-loop region is an important material for phylogenetic inference and analyzing genetic diversity. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic diversity and to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree within buffalo breeds in Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Phatthalung, Thailand using mtDNA D-loop sequences. A total of one hundred forty buffaloes (70 males and 70 females) were observed including 40 buffaloes from North (NK), 40 from East (EK), and 40 from South Kalimantan (SK) provinces Indonesia and 20 from Phatthalung (PT) province, Thailand. DNA samples were isolated from buffalo tail hairs. DNA sequences were manually assembled using BioEdit program with consideration of gaps and ambiguous sequences. The phylogenetic tree of buffalo was generated by PHYLIP software. The observed variables included haplotype diversity, genetic distance, and genetic tree. The 956 bp of amplified mtDNA D-loop fragment presented a total of 24 haplotypes with several mutations that included transitions (293), transversions (60), deletions (15), and insertions (20). The neighbor-joining tree using the Kimura 2 parameter model demonstrated two local buffalo clusters among buffalo from Kalimantan and Thailand with four buffalo relationship patterns observed from buffaloes in Kalimantan Island (KBuf and KrBuf), Indonesia. The Results of the present study demonstrated that the buffaloes sequence analysis revealed relatively high diversity and is a good basis to perform selection and modern buffalo breeding development.
Application of stoichiometric hydrogen atoms for balancing organic combustion reactions
Authors: Yuen Pong Kau , Lau Cheng Man Diana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Combustion is a common redox reaction, and organic combustion is one of the basic contents in chemistry curriculum. The transferred H-atom is commonly used as a redox indicator in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Nevertheless, the relationship between the number of transferred H-atoms and the number of transferred electrons has not been fully revealed. Oxidation number (ON) is an electron-counting concept. Without knowing the ONs, the number of transferred electrons cannot be counted and therefore, the redox reactions cannot be classified, defined, and balanced. This paper explores the new H-atom method for counting the number of transferred H-atoms. It provides a half-reaction approach to balance the overall organic combustion reactions. Only simple arithmetic procedures are needed to determine the number of transferred H-atoms and consequently the number of transferred electrons. According to this method, the mathematical formulas for assigning the number of transferred H-atoms can be deducted by balancing the general chemical formulas of organic compounds in half and overall organic combustions. Furthermore, the number of transferred electrons and their stoichiometric categories can be determined conveniently by any given organic chemical formula in organic combustion reactions.
Alberto Blest Gana: Four Chronicles and a Novel
Authors: Hosiasson Laura Janina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Four chronicles written by Alberto Blest Gana between April and May 1862 in the newspaper La voz de Chile, months before the publication of his novel Mariluán, shed light on the close relationship between his production as chronicler and writer. Among the various faits divers discussed in the columns, the issue of a Mapuche delegation’s arrival in Santiago to hold a parlamento with the government about border disputes arises. The oscillating attitude of the chronicler in the face of otherness and his prejudiced comments, which are at the same time full of doubts and perplexities, serve as an incentive for his composing a utopian fiction. This article aims to examine the connections in the relationship between Blest Gana chronicler and novelist to expand the reading possibilities of Mariluán.
Synthesis and biological characterization of a new fluorescent probe for vesicular trafficking based on polyazamacrocycle derivative
Authors: Canonico Barbara , Giorgi Luca , Nasoni Maria Gemma , Montanari Mariele , Ambrosi Gianluca , Formica Mauro , Ciacci Caterina , Ambrogini Patrizia , Papa Stefano , Fusi Vieri , Luchetti Francesca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The fluorescent probes represent an important tool in the biological study, in fact characterization of cellular structures and organelles are an important tool-target for understanding the mechanisms regulating most biological processes. Recently, a series of polyamino-macrocycles based on 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane was synthesized, bearing one or two NBD units (AJ2NBD·4HCl) useful as sensors for metal cations and halides able to target and to detect apolar environment, as lipid membranes. In this paper, we firstly illustrate the chemical synthesis of the AJ2NBD probe, its electronic absorption spectra and its behavior regarding pH of the environment. Lack of any cellular toxicity and an efficient labelling on fresh, living cells was demonstrated, allowing the use of AJ2NBD in biological studies. In particular, this green fluorescent probe may represent a potential dye for the compartments involved in the endosomal/autophagic pathway. This research’s field should benefit from the use of AJ2NBD as a vesicular tracer, however, to ensure the precise nature of vesicles/vacuoles traced by this new probe, other more specific tests are needed.
Interaction solutions of a variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with self-consistent sources
Authors: Yuan Na , Liu Jian-Guo , Seadawy Aly R. , Khater Mostafa M. A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Under investigation is a generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with self-consistent sources. Our main job is divided into four parts: (i) lump wave solution, (ii) interaction solutions between lump and solitary wave, (iii) breather wave solution and (iv) interaction solutions between lump and periodic wave. Furthermore, the interaction phenomenon of waves is shown in some 3D- and contour plots.
Global exponential stability of periodic solution of delayed discontinuous Cohen–Grossberg neural networks and its applications
Authors: Chai Yiyuan , Feng Jiqiang , Qin Sitian , Pan Xinyu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the existence and global exponential stability of the periodic solution of delayed Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) with discontinuous activation functions. The activations considered herein are non-decreasing but not required to be Lipschitz or continuous. Based on differential inclusion theory, Lyapunov functional theory and Leary–Schauder alternative theorem, some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the existence and global exponential stability of the periodic solution. In order to show the superiority of the obtained results, an application and some detailed comparisons between some existing related results and our results are presented. Finally, some numerical examples are also illustrated.
A class of computationally efficient Newton-like methods with frozen inverse operator for nonlinear systems
Authors: Sharma Janak Raj , Kumar Sunil 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We propose a class of Newton-like methods with increasing convergence order for approximating the solutions of systems of nonlinear equations. Novelty of the methods is that in each step the order of convergence is increased by an amount of three at the cost of only one additional function evaluation. Another important feature is the single use of an inverse operator in each iteration, which makes the schemes attractive and computationally more efficient. Theoretical results regarding convergence and computational efficiency are verified through numerical examples including those arising from boundary value problems and integral equations. By way of comparison, it is shown that the present methods are more efficient than their existing counterparts, particularly when applied to solve the large systems of equations.
Communication and language skills pay off, but not everybody needs them
Authors: Balcar Jiří , Dokoupilová Lucie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The importance of communication skills is increasing on the labour market and a further strengthening of this trend is expected due to Industry 4.0. This development will have significant consequences for individuals’ employability, requirements on educational outcomes and gender equality. This article employs data from a representative survey of Czech employees (N = 1,500) replenished with information on requirements on their communication skills (Effective communication, Czech language and English language) in order to explore (a) the distribution of communication skills requirements on the labour market, (b) personal and job characteristics related to work positions requiring highly developed communication skills, and (c) wage returns to these skills. The results show that one standard deviation increase in job requirements on communication skills is connected with 5.8% wage premium. However, not everybody needs well-developed communication skills. Only a quarter of employees needs highly developed effective communication, Czech and English languages, while there is also a quarter of employees that needs only a very basic level of communication skills. The results also revealed that females perform more communication-intensive occupations than males do. Cognitive skills and the need to excel represent other significant factors correlated with higher job requirements on communication skills.
Language ideologies and self-Orientalism: representing English in China Daily travelogues
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
While there is plenty of scholarship on the spread and study of English in China, scarce attention has been paid to representations of English in tourism discourses about China. This article aims to explore language ideologies undergirding representations of English language use in 253 travelogues from China Daily published since 2000. Findings show that most prominently in China Daily “standard” English was represented as a lingua franca for travel in China, a language of prestige, and a means of Othering. Some places are demarcated from others due to the lack of English-language services. Chinese people’s way of using English was reduced to Chinglish, a pejorative term indicating inappropriate or incorrect usage of English. Chinese use of English was thus ridiculed as an inferior Other. This critical discourse analysis of tourism discourses about China emanating from within the country demonstrates one facet of Orientalism – self-orientalism. CD’s self-orientalist strategies were embedded in oppositional East-West ideologies that set an inferior China against a superior West.
ROF systems performance efficiency based on continuous phase frequency shift keying phase modulation scheme
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Sorathiya Vishal , Lavadiya Sunil , Abd El-Aziz Ismail A. , Asaduzzaman Sayed , Rehana Hasin , Ali Mohammed Ibrahim Abd El-Naser , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radio over fiber (ROF) technique has been presented with hybrid ordinary modulation technology to achieve improvement in optical communication network performance. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is employed in single mode (SM) optical channel in order to enhance the transmission environment with dispersion compensation. The continuous phase frequency shift keying phase modulation (CPFSKPM) technique is included in this study. Both previous and proposed models have been inspected and investigated. Min. bit error rate (BER), max. Q factor, signal/noise ratio (SNR), received power (RP), and noise figure (NF) are the most essential parameters able to explain the behavior performance of optical communication network model.
Temporal variation in the diet of the endemic and threatened rodent Kerodon rupestris in the semiarid area of Brazil
Authors: Conceição Anderson Mendonça , Bocchiglieri Adriana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We investigated the diet and trophic niche of Kerodon rupestris in Northeastern Brazil for 12 months. The influence of precipitation was evaluated by simple logistic regression. This rodent consumed 23 plant species, mainly the leaves, resulting a low niche breadth. This species presented a greater consumption of leaves of Bauhinia cheilantha, influenced by low rainfall, and fallen flowers of Cenostigma pyramidale, influenced by high precipitation. This rodent showed plasticity in its diet and used different plant resources that provided its survival in semiarid.
Prey-predator model in drainage system with migration and harvesting
Authors: Roy Banani , Roy Sankar Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a prey-predator model with a reserve region of predator where generalist predator cannot enter. Based on the intake capacity of food and other factors, we introduce the predator population which consumes the prey population with Holling type-II functional response; and generalist predator population consumes the predator population with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. The density-dependent mortality rate for prey and generalist predator are considered. The equilibria of proposed system are determined. Local stability for the system are discussed. The environmental carrying capacity is considered as a bifurcation parameter to evaluate Hopf bifurcation in the neighbourhood at an interior equilibrium point. Here the fishing effort is used as a control parameter to harvest the generalist predator population of the system. With the help of this control parameter, a dynamic framework is developed to investigate the optimal utilization of resources, sustainability properties of the stock and the resource rent. Finally, we present a numerical simulation to verify the analytical results, and the system is analyzed through graphical illustrations. The main findings with future research directions are described at last.
Knowledge negotiation and interactional power: epistemic stances in Arabic–Swedish antenatal care consultations
Authors: Ericsson Stina , Bitar Dima , Milani Tommaso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article concerns knowledge negotiations as an aspect of interactional power in three-way interaction between Arabic-speaking women, Swedish-speaking midwives and interpreters in Swedish antenatal care. The notion of epistemic stance is used to investigate how all three participants negotiate knowledge, and how this affects the ongoing consultation. The data consist of audio recordings of 33 consultations, involving five midwives. Using an interaction analytical approach, the study focuses on sequences where the pregnant woman makes her voice heard, possibly challenging the midwife or the Swedish antenatal care programme. Three different ways in which the epistemic stances of the participants unfold interactionally are analysed: (1) the midwife and the pregnant woman mutually adjusting their knowledge claims, (2) the pregnant woman unsuccessfully attempting to claim knowledge and (3) participants jointly asserting the midwife’s knowledge. Importantly, all three participants wield their interactional power through various ways of negotiating knowledge, which contrasts with the idea of the interpreter as fully neutral and detached. The knowledge claims of the pregnant women and the midwives in the data are also shown to be highly dependent on the interpreters’ competence and performance.
Effects of nightlife noise in a city center
Authors: Iannace Gino , Trematerra Amelia , Lombardi Ilaria 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The term Movida takes its name from the evening and night life of the city for their liveliness and animation. During the Movida, noise is one of the problems in the city centers due to the negative effects on the resident population. This paper reports the effects of noise due to the Movida phenomenon within the city center in southern Italy. Along the roads affected by the Movida phenomenon, the values of sound levels in dBA were measured both with fixed stations with a sound level meter and with mobile stations by wearing a noise dosimeter a participant of Movida. The measured noise levels are between 85 dBA to 90 dBA. The noise levels show that the Movida phenomenon generates disturbing conditions on the resident population with consequent conflict between club managers, patrons and residents.
Freedom over Fear: Fundamentalist Populism and the Challenge of COVID-19
Authors: Westermeyer William H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough public responses to national and international crises are never without contestations and conflicting truth claims, the COVID-19 pandemic draws attention to the stark political and cultural divisions presented by conservative populism in the age of the Tea Party Movement and Donald Trump. Beginning with research among Tea Party activists in 2010 and continuing through the Trump Administration and “reopen” protests, I have documented a shifting cultural world of right-wing populism. The vivid and symbolically elaborate performance of patriotism and indignation by the Tea Party Movement declined in 2012, being replaced by a more belligerent and less colorful form of populism with Donald Trump. As Trump-inspired protests opposing COVID-19 mitigation policies emerged in 2020, however, Tea Party themes and symbols reemerged as frames for resistance to government restrictions. Yet, despite the shifting styles, there was a constant theme of what I term “fundamentalist populism.” This style illustrates political identities characterized by vilification of opponents, distrust of existing political and social institutions, ideological rigidity, and a rededication to individualism and personal freedom. Ethnographic and documentary research shows how these themes animate a small yet vocal resistance to the science-based and cooperative guidelines prescribed by public health experts
Visualizing Archaeologists: A Reflexive History of Visualization Practice in Archaeology
Authors: Opgenhaffen Loes 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVisualization techniques may have changed over the years, but have they fundamentally changed archaeological visual literacy and the ways archaeologists create knowledge? Or do new digital tools merely disguise conventional practices? The answer may reside in a deeper understanding of the long tradition of visualization practice, from the Renaissance to the present, for which the foundation lies in the activities of antiquarians and artists, as well as artistic, technical, and scientific innovations. This paper presents an historical synopsis of two usually separated but complementary research areas, digital archaeology and archaeological visualization, and builds on previous research undertaken on these traditionally separated subjects. By taking a slightly Dutch perspective I will introduce a few visualizing protagonists who have left substantial traces in our collective visual memory, aiming to contribute to a more inclusive historical narrative on archaeological visualization. The overview ends with an integrated discussion on the shared creative visual practice and its epistemic role in archaeological knowledge production. A praxis-oriented and reflexive approach to the history of visualization provides a critical understanding of the current workings of 3D visualization as a creative practice, and how archaeology responds and acts upon innovations and the adoption of new visualization technology.
Pyrolysis and combustion of polystyrene composites based on graphene oxide functionalized with 3-(methacryloyloxy)-propyltrimethoxysilane
Authors: Anghel Ion , Lisa Gabriela , Şofran Ioana-Emilia , Mitroi-Symeonidis Flavia-Corina , Rusu Mihai Marius , Baia Monica , Baia Lucian , Magyari Klára , Danciu Virginia , Cotet Liviu Cosmin , Stroe Malvina , Baibarac Mihaela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, polystyrene composites (PS–GOf) with variable concentration (0.5; 1; 2; 3; 4; and 5 wt%) of GOf were obtained through the in-situ polymerisation of the styrene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and graphene oxide(GO) functionalized with 3-(methacryloyloxy)-propyltrimethoxysilane(γ-MPTS). For determining the morphological and structural particularities of polymeric composites transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were performed. The influence of functionalized GO on thermal and combustion properties of polystyrene (PS)-based composite materials was determined through several methods: Thermogravimetry (TGA); derived thermogravimetry (DTG); microscale combustion calorimetry analysis (MCC); and chemical kinetic studies through TGA and MCC determinations at similar heating rates.
Environmental arsenic exposure and its toxicological effect on thyroid function: a systematic review
Authors: Esform Adeleh , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed , Rezaei Maryam , Naghizadeh Ali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study was performed to review epidemiological evidence related to Arsenic (As) effects on the thyroid function by focusing on the serum thyroid hormone concentration.

Content
As, one of the main pollutants, has been recognized as an endocrine-disrupting agent that may affect the function of thyroid as shown by experimental studies.

Summary
This systematic study indicates the association between As exposure and thyroid dysfunction. The studies have shown an association between serum and urine concentration of arsenic and thyroid dysfunction. Most of them reported the association between increase in the serum or urine As levels and decrease in the triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and also elevation in the thyrotropic hormone (TSH) levels.

Outlook
Our findings related to the effects of As on the function of thyroid in humans are still limited and future studies should be done to address this question.