bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High glucose represses the proliferation of tendon fibroblasts by inhibiting autophagy activation in tendon injury
Authors: Song Fu-Chen , Yuan Jia-Qin , Zhu Mei-Dong , Li Qi , Liu Sheng-Hua , Zhang Lei , Zhao Cheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a kind of common and disabling complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Emerging studies have demonstrated that tendon fibroblasts play a crucial role in remodeling phase of wound healing. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying high glucose (HG)-induced decrease in tendon fibroblasts viability. In the present study, the rat models of DFU were established, and collagen deposition, autophagy activation and cell apoptosis in tendon tissues were assessed using Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Tendon fibroblasts were isolated from Achilles tendon of the both limbs, and the effect of HG on autophagy activation in tendon fibroblasts was assessed using Western blot analysis, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and flow cytometry. We found that cell apoptosis was increased significantly and autophagy activation was decreased in foot tendon tissues of DFU rats compared with normal tissues. The role of HG in regulating tendon fibroblasts viability was then investigated in vitro, and data showed that HG repressed cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, HG treatment reduced LC3-II expression and increased p62 expression, indicating that HG repressed autophagy activation of tendon fibroblasts. The autophagy activator rapamycin reversed the effect. More importantly, rapamycin alleviated the suppressive role of HG in tendon fibroblasts viability. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HG represses tendon fibroblasts proliferation by inhibiting autophagy activation in tendon injury.
Almost sure convergence of randomised‐difference descent algorithm for stochastic convex optimisation
Authors: Geng Xiaoxue , Huang Gao , Zhao Wenxiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStochastic gradient descent algorithm is a classical and useful method for stochastic optimisation. While stochastic gradient descent has been theoretically investigated for decades and successfully applied in machine learning such as training of deep neural networks, it essentially relies on obtaining the unbiased estimates of gradients/subgradients of the objective functions. In this paper, by constructing the randomised differences of the objective function, a gradient‐free algorithm, named the stochastic randomised‐difference descent algorithm, is proposed for stochastic convex optimisation. Under the strongly convex assumption of the objective function, it is proved that the estimates generated from stochastic randomised‐difference descent converge to the optimal value with probability one, and the convergence rates of both the mean square error of estimates and the regret functions are established. Finally, some numerical examples are prsented.
Design and analysis of Lorentz magnetic bearing for magnetic suspended control and sensing gyroscope
Authors: Cao Shinan , Niu Pingjuan , Liu Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo improve the control accuracy and output torque of magnetic suspend and control gyroscope, a Lorentz magnetic bearing with double second auxiliary air gap is proposed, and its mechanical structure is introduced. Frist, the structure and working principle of the Lorentz magnetic bearing with second air gap is introduced and the magnetic circuit model of the magnetic bearing is established by the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Second, on the basis of the circuit model, the maximum magnetic flux density of the winding area is analysed by finite element method. The fluctuation rate of magnetic flux density in winding area with double air gap scheme is 5.9%, and the maximum magnetic flux intensity at the winding coil can reach 0.462T. Finally, a bearing prototype is made, the theoretical calculation and finite element simulation results are verified by experiments.
New correlation features for dissolved gas analysis based transformer fault diagnosis based on the maximal information coefficient
Authors: Liang Yongliang , Zhang Zhongyi , Li Ke‐Jun , Li Yu‐Chuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOnline monitoring of gases dissolved in transformer oil is widely applied. Improving the performance of dissolved gas analysis (DGA)‐based fault diagnosis methods by exploring new features of time‐series data has become an appealing topic. In this study, a new type of correlation features between characteristic gases was extracted from time‐series data based on the maximal information coefficient (MIC), and a fuzzy inference system was established. After the introduction of the principle of the MIC and a method for calculating the MIC‐based correlation features, the dominant symptom features that can be used to classify fault types were extracted through the receiver operating characteristic curve. Then, fuzzy rules were learnt, and a fuzzy inference system was designed. In addition, to improve the feasibility of the method, the Newton interpolation method was used for adaptation to the existing sampling cycle. The diagnostic results of the test data show that the proposed method has excellent performance and outperforms some prevailing traditional rule‐based methods as well as some artificial intelligent methods. The results also show that by exploring new correlation features from time‐series data based on the MIC, the performance of DGA‐based methods can be improved.
A type of piecewise and modular energy storage topology achieved by dual carrier cross phase shift SPWM control
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Hong Zhouliang , Deng Fujin , Cheng Ming , Wu Zhi , Buja Giuseppe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel type of piecewise and modular energy storage topology. Compared to the modular multilevel converter (MMC), the proposed topology is not only different in structure but also in concept. Firstly, the capacitors within the submodules of MMC are all replaced by lithium batteries, which can avoid the voltage imbalance among capacitors and provide a deep connection between MMC and energy storage. What's more, the micro‐unit concept is adopted to break the whole batteries within MMC into parts for each submodule by increasing the number of submodules to an extremely high level, which turns it into a novel microelement‐based energy storage device. Due to the characteristics of the proposed topology, dual carrier cross‐phase shift sinusoidal pulse width modulation (DCCPS‐SPWM) is also proposed. With the help of DCCPS‐SPWM, the proposed topology has the advantages of simple structure, easy to control, fewer total modules with the same output level, high fault tolerance, easy to detect and locate faults. The operating modes with four energy storage units per bridge arm are well analysed and extended to the case of N units. The double‐Fourier analysis is performed on the output voltage waveform, so that the harmonics of the output voltage with DCCPS‐SPWM can be clearly understood. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed topology and its control are verified by both simulation and experimental results.
An efficient corner detector based on ratio of parallelogram diagonal
Authors: Zhang Shizheng , Liu Shan , Wang Qiang , Rong Lu , Li Baohuan , Zheng Qian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorner is an important local feature of image which has been widely applied on various computer vision and image processing tasks. Here, a contour‐based corner detector is developed by using the ratio of parallelogram diagonals (RPD) to estimate the curve curvature. The main advantage of RPD detector is that only once square root operation is required to calculate the curvature value at each point on a contour while maintaining good noise robustness. The contributions of this paper include the following three aspects: First, the motivation of the proposed RPD curvature is illustrated by means of parallelogram theory; second, a complete corner detector is proposed based on RPD curvature; third, comprehensive experiments are carried out and the experimental results show superior performances of the proposed method against another five strong baselines. In these experiments, RPD runs 100% faster than the prior works. Moreover, a mean accuracy of 83.87% is reported on GCM dataset which is an improvement of about 0.9% and a mean accuracy of 74.21% is reported on CPDA dataset which is an improvement of about 0.2%.
Directions for Exercise Treatment Response Heterogeneity and
Individual Response Research
Authors: Hrubeniuk Travis J. , Bonafiglia Jacob T. , Bouchard Danielle R. , Gurd Brendon J. , Sénéchal Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreatment response heterogeneity and individual responses following exercise
training are topics of interest for personalized medicine. Proposed methods to
determine the contribution of exercise to the magnitude of treatment response
heterogeneity and categorizing participants have expanded and evolved. Setting
clear research objectives and having a comprehensive understanding of the
strengths and weaknesses of the available methods are vital to ensure the
correct study design and analytical approach are used. Doing so will ensure
contributions to the field are conducted as rigorously as possible. Nonetheless,
concerns have emerged regarding the ability to truly isolate the impact of
exercise training, and the nature of individual responses in relation to mean
group changes. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, the strengths and
limitations associated with current methods for quantifying the contribution of
exercise to observed treatment response heterogeneity will be discussed. Second,
current methods used to categorize participants based on their response to
exercise will be outlined, as well as proposed mechanisms for factors that
contribute to response variation. Finally, this review will provide an overview
of some current issues at the forefront of individual response research.
Redo Aortic and Mitral Valve Replacement using St. Jude Medical Mechanical Prosthesis in a Patient with Degenerated Mitral Bioprosthesis and Severe Aortic Regurgitation: A Video Presentation
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Singh Sukhjeet , George Niwin , Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Gharde Parag , Sengupta Sanjoy , B. Sushamagayatri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association practice guidelines suggest bioprosthetic aortic and mitral valve replacement is a reasonable option for patients older than 65 years and for selected patients younger than 65 years according to patients’ preference. However, routine use of bioprosthetic valves in younger patients remains controversial. Patients prevalence to avoid anticoagulation, decreasing operative risks for valve reoperations, and the availability of catheter valve-in-valve techniques have created a need to reexamine bioprosthetic valve durability, particularly in young patients undergoing valve replacements
Diffusion of excessively adsorbed hydrogen atoms on hydrogen terminated Si(100)(2×1) surface
Authors: Inagaki Kouji , Morikawa Yoshitada , Ohmi Hiromasa , Yasutake Kiyoshi , Kakiuchi Hiroaki 
Published: August 2021

The diffusion properties of an excess H atom adsorbed on a fully H-terminated Si(100)(2 × 1)-H surface have been analyzed by means of density functional theory-generalized gradient approximation calculations. Our diffusion pathway models consist of sequences of hops between metastable Si surface atomic structures with an excess H atom. We analyzed the reaction path and corresponding barrier height in each hop using the climbing image nudged elastic band method. The activation energies for diffusion along intra-dimer, intra-row, and inter-row pathways are found to be 0.11, 0.54, and 0.74 eV, respectively, which are quite small compared to the common H diffusion running with a vacant site of hydrogen termination. The weak adsorption energy of the excess H atom is responsible for the small activation energy of diffusion. The present diffusion mechanism suggests that the physical substance of the “hot atom mechanism” proposed in the previous investigations on H exposure onto the Si surface is related to the metastable structures of excessively adsorbed hydrogen atoms.
Economic impacts of tipping points in the climate system
Authors: Dietz Simon , Rising James , Stoerk Thomas , Wagner Gernot 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceTipping points in the climate system are one of the principal reasons for concern about climate change. Climate economists have only recently begun incorporating them in economic models. We synthesize this emerging literature and provide unified, geophysically realistic estimates of the economic impacts of eight climate tipping points with an emphasis on the social cost of carbon, a key policy input.
Generation and verification of 27-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in a superconducting quantum computer
Authors: Mooney Gary J , White Gregory A L , Hill Charles D , Hollenberg Lloyd C L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Generating and detecting genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) of sizeable quantum states prepared on physical devices is an important benchmark for highlighting the progress of near-term quantum computers. A common approach to certify GME is to prepare a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and measure a GHZ fidelity of at least 0.5. We measure the fidelities using multiple quantum coherences of GHZ states on 11 to 27 qubits prepared on the IBM Quantum ibmq_montreal device. Combinations of quantum readout error mitigation (QREM) and parity verification error detection are applied to the states. A fidelity of 0.546 ± 0.017 was recorded for a 27-qubit GHZ state when QREM was used, demonstrating GME across the full device with a confidence level of 98.6%. We benchmarked the effect of parity verification on GHZ fidelity for two GHZ state preparation embeddings on the heavy-hexagon architecture. The results show that the effect of parity verification, while relatively modest, led to a detectable improvement of GHZ fidelity.
Shared medical appointments for weight loss: a systematic review
Authors: Walker Ruth , Ramasamy Vijayanand , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Dunbar James , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Shared medical appointments (SMAs) may help mitigate some of the barriers for managing obesity in primary care. The primary aim of this systematic review was to measure the effect of weight loss SMAs.

Methods
Systematic searches using keywords and Medical Subject Headings for overweight, obesity, and SMAs were conducted in the CENTRAL, Medline Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases with no date limits. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Results
Fifteen studies involving weight loss SMAs in adults and children were identified. Six studies had controls. Inconsistency in reporting weight loss or weight change in controlled studies meant that data could not be pooled for meta-analysis. Results from individual studies indicated that SMAs can support adult patients to achieve significant weight loss. Women and older adults were more likely to take up SMA invitations. Results from the 5 studies involving children were less conclusive. Studies involving participants of a higher socioeconomic status tended to report lower attrition than studies involving participants who experienced disadvantage. These findings should be interpreted with caution as all but 1 included study was assessed as being weak in quality.

Conclusions
Overall, SMAs may be of benefit to address obesity in primary care, particularly for women and older adults. Appropriately designed prospective and controlled studies are required to engage their target audience and to assess whether SMAs are superior to other weight loss options in primary care.
Understanding consumer and clinician perceptions of a potential Lyme disease vaccine
Authors: Devchand Roshni , Koehler Laura , Hook Sarah , Marx Grace E , Hooks Holley , Schwartz Amy , Hinckley Alison 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEach year, over 450 000 Lyme disease diagnoses are estimated to occur in the United States, and current preventive measures have been insufficient to stem the rising incidence. An effective human Lyme disease vaccine could be a powerful intervention for population-level impact. In advance of new Lyme disease vaccines coming to market, this study explored barriers to acceptability and motivations for the uptake of a new Lyme disease vaccine. Researchers conducted 9 online focus groups among consumers who may potentially benefit from the vaccine and 30 in-depth interviews among clinician groups who may provide the vaccine. All participants were recruited from three US regions of high Lyme disease incidence. Researchers found that participants shared common motivators to either recommend (clinicians) or accept (consumers) a Lyme disease vaccine, largely driven by perceived benefits of the vaccine, the lack of current effective preventive measures and a greater peace of mind. The concern about the challenges associated with diagnosing and treating Lyme disease is a primary motivator for clinicians to recommend the vaccine, while the concern about getting Lyme disease is a primary motivator for consumers to desire the vaccine.
In vitroantibiotic activity against intraosteoblasticStaphylococcus aureus: a narrative review of the literature
Authors: Marro Florian C , Abad Lélia , Blocker Ariel J , Laurent Frédéric , Josse Jérôme , Valour Florent 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus – a major aetiological agent of bone and joint infection (BJI) – is associated with a high risk of relapse and chronicity, in part due to its ability to invade and persist in non-professional phagocytic bone cells such as osteoblasts. This intracellular reservoir protects S. aureus from the action of the immune system and most antibiotics. To date, the choice of antimicrobial strategies for BJI treatment mostly relies on standard susceptibility testing, bone penetration of antibiotics and their ‘antibiofilm’ activity. Despite the role of intracellular persistent S. aureus in the development of chronic infection, the ability of antibiotics to target the S. aureus intraosteoblastic reservoir is not considered in therapeutic choices but might represent a key determinant of treatment outcome. This review provides an overview of the intracellular pharmacokinetics of antistaphylococcal drugs used in the treatment of BJI and of their ability to target intraosteoblastic S. aureus. Thirteen studies focusing on the intraosteoblastic activity of antibiotics against S. aureus were reviewed, all relying on in vitro models of osteoblast infection. Despite varying incubation times, multiplicities of infection, bacterial strains, and the types of infected cell lines, rifamycins and fluoroquinolones remain the two most potent antimicrobial classes for intraosteoblastic S. aureus eradication, consistent with clinical data showing a superiority of this combination therapy in S. aureus orthopaedic device-related infections.
What I Know: The Value of Mentoring and Leadership
Authors: Binder-Macleod Stuart 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Stuart Binder-Macleod, PT, PhD, FAPTA, the 51st Mary McMillan lecturer, is the Edward L. Ratledge Professor of Physical Therapy and associate vice president for clinical and translation research at the University of Delaware (UD). He served as the chair of UD’s department of physical therapy for 16 years, and his research laboratory had more than 25 years of continuous National Institutes of Health funding, including major funding for projects involving the development and testing of treatment interventions for individuals demonstrating poststroke hemiparesis. A recipient of multiple honors from the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) and its components, Binder-Macleod also served on the task force that created the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy, and he currently serves on the Board of Trustees of the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research.
Reallocation Effects of the Minimum Wage
Authors: Dustmann Christian , Lindner Attila , Schönberg Uta , Umkehrer Matthias , vom Berge Philipp 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the wage, employment, and reallocation effects of the introduction of a nationwide minimum wage in Germany that affected 15% of all employees. Based on identification designs that exploit variation in exposure across individuals and local areas, we find that the minimum wage raised wages but did not lower employment. It also led to the reallocation of low-wage workers from smaller to larger, from lower- to higher-paying, and from less to more productive establishments. This worker upgrading accounts for up to 17% of the wage increase induced by the minimum wage. Moreover, at the regional level, average establishment quality increased in more affected areas in the years following the introduction of the minimum wage.
The Pass-Through of International Commodity Price Shocks to Producers’ Welfare: Evidence from Ethiopian Coffee Farmers
Authors: Kebede Hundanol A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
International commodity price shocks may have large impacts on producers in developing countries. In this paper, a unique household panel data from Ethiopia is utilized to show that a decrease in international coffee price has strong pass-through to the consumption of households that rely on coffee production as a main source of livelihood. It also results in decreases in on-farm labor supply (particularly male labor supply) and induces reallocation of labor towards non-coffee fields, but has negligible effect on off-farm labor supply. The decline in consumption has significant consequences on child malnutrition: children born in coffee-producing households during low coffee price periods have lower weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores than their peers born in non-coffee households.