bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
如何看待政府在疫病中的干預？自由至上主義的道德困境
Authors: ZHANG Ellen Y. 
Published: September 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
在「自由至上主義」(Libertarianism)的政治哲學詞典中，「政府干預」(state interference)或「政府父權主義」(state paternalism)基本上是一個貶義詞，因為政府意味著官僚、腐敗、無效率，意味著對公民個體自由的干預和限制。然而，自2020年以來在全球範圍內爆發和流行的新冠疫情，讓一貫反政府干預、堅持「小政府」原則的自由至上派的學者倍受挑戰。 面對疫情的肆虐，許多人認為政府的干預（如封城、鎖國、宵禁、隔離、邊控等措施的實行）是必要的。本文探討自由至上主義的自由觀在疫病中所面臨的道德兩難以及政府應在公共衛生管理中扮演的角色。作者指出，雖然自由至上主義的一些有關自由的理念在現實生活中顯得過於教條和不切實際，但從另一個角度看，當我們一再倒向政府的力量以抗擊疫情之時， 我們更需要自由至上主義對我們的提醒，以防政府利用疫情不斷擴大自身的權力範圍，最終傷害每個人的自由權利。
For Libertarians, state interference or state paternalism has a pejorative meaning given that government often implies bureaucracy, corruption, and inefficiency. However, such a view has faced significant resistance since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. For the sake of public health, many people now believe that we must accept much greater governmental intervention in our lives and that it is morally permissible and necessary to have public policies such as lockdowns, mandatory social distancing, border restrictions, and mandatory vaccination. Is it true that “there are no libertarians in a pandemic”? This paper explores the role of the government and the meaning of individual liberty in the face of the current public health crisis. The author contends that the Libertarian views of civil liberty and self-ownership should be taken more seriously as the government obtains more power and a host of extraordinary interventions are being implemented during the pandemic.
Slovak surnames in the Database of American Family Names
Authors: Ďurčo Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The issue of transcribing proper names from foreign languages into Slovak has received constant attention in Slovak linguistics. The article brings the opposite view. It is devoted to the issue of transcribing surnames from Slovak into English. The starting point of the analysis is the Database of surnames in the United States of America. The article focuses mainly on the adaptation and variability of transcription of surnames with accented letters.
РЕЦ.: «АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН НА ШЕЛКОВОМ ПУТИ. БАКУ: ИЗД-ВО «TAHSIL», 2020. 384 С.»
Authors: Валеев Рафаэль Миргасимович , Ситдиков Айрат Габитович 
Published: September 2021

В статье дана рецензии к труду «АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН НА ШЕЛКОВОМ ПУТИ Баку: Изд-во «Tahsil», 2020. 384 с.», подготовленной и изданной в Азербайджанской Республике под руководством академика Национальной Академии наук Азербайджана Ш.М. Мустафаева с группой ученых, состоящей из археологов, архитекторов и историков-востоковедов. Данный авторский коллектив сумел наглядно продемонстрировать глубокое влияние Шелкового пути на многовековую историю Азербайджана. Обилие иллюстраций обеспечивает наглядность трасс Шелкового пути на территории Азербайджана в различные исторические периоды, позволяет увидеть основные предметы материальной культуры, импортируемые и экспортируемые по маршрутам Шелкового пути на тех или иных исторических этапах его функционирования. В издании показана роль сформировавшихся благодаря Шелковому пути культурных связей в развитии инфраструктуры древних и средневековых городов Азербайджана.

Азербайджан на Шелковом пути. Баку: Tahsil, 2020. 384 с.Издана книга под названием «Азербайджан на Шелковом пути» // Азербайджанское государственное информационное агентство. (Доступно: URL: https://azertag.az/ru/xeber/Izdana_kniga_pod_nazvaniem_Azerbaidzhan_na_SHelkovom_puti-1727749 (дата обращения 07.09.2021).Иванов В.А. География маркёров материальной культуры кочевников Золотой Орды // Археология Евразийских степей. 2018. № 4. С. 60–65.Зиливинская Э.Д. Торговые постройки в городах Востока и золотой Орды // Поволжская археология. 2017. № 4(22). С. 46–66 DOI 10.24852/pa2017.4.22.46.66.
Orientasi Strategi yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Organisasi Usaha Kecil Menengah di Jakarta
Authors: Kusuma Kadek Arya Jaya , MZ Eddy Supriyatna 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of market orientation, technology orientation, and entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Jakarta. The sample was selected using the non-probability sampling method, amounting to 100 respondents who are entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs in the field of small and medium scale enterprises. Data processing techniques using the SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between market orientation on organizational performance, there is a significant influence between technology orientation on organizational performance, and there is a significant influence between entrepreneurial orientation on organizational performance. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh orientasi pasar, orientasi teknologi dan orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja organisasi usaha kecil dan menengah di Jakarta. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode non-probability sampling berjumlah 100 responden yang merupakan pelaku usaha atau wirausaha dalam bidang skala usaha kecil dan menengah. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya pengaruh signifikan antara orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja organisasi, adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara orientasi teknologi terhadap kinerja organisasi, dan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara orientasi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja organisasi.
Pengaruh Social Media, Electronic Word of Mouth, Brand Attitude terhadap Purchase Intention Konsumen pada Situs Online Shopee Id
Authors: Angelica Vivian 
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of social media, electronic word of mouth and brand attitude of purchase intention on consumers on the site online shopee id. This research was conducted on consumers on the site online shopee id. The analysis method uses multiple linear analysis methods where the data can be obtained by distributing questionnaires with 200 respondents. This type of research is quantitative and uses the SPSS program version 25. The results of the hypothesis show that there is a significant influence on social media, electronic word of mouth and brand attitudes on purchase intentions on consumers on the site online shopee id. Of the three variables, the one that most influences purchase intention is the brand attitude variable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh social media, electronic word of mouth dan brand attitude terhadap purchase intention pada konsumen di situs online shopee id. Peneitian ini dilakukan kepada konsumen di situs online shopee id. Metode analisis menggunakan metode analisis linier berganda dimana data didapat dengan menyebar kuisoner dengan responden sebanyak 200 orang responden. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dan menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil hipotesis penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan social media, electronic word of mouth dan brand attitude terhadap purchase intention pada konsumen di situs online shopee id. Dari ketiga variabel tersebut, yang paling mempengaruhi purchase intention adalah variabel brand attitude.
Los desafíos metodológicos de la etnografía de la intelectualidad étnica. Reflexión comparada de los casos purhépecha y aymara
Authors: González Jaime 
Published: September 2021

El artículo aborda los desafíos metodológicos que implica hacer etnografía de la intelectualidad étnica. Para ello, se contempla la comparación de dos trabajos de campo elaborados en diferentes áreas de estudio. En el primer caso, se considera la intelectualidad purhépecha en el Estado de Michoacán, México. El segundo caso, aborda los intelectuales aymaras de la región de Arica y Parinacota en Chile. Se concluye que toda etnografía de los intelectuales étnicos, debe estar orientada por una propuesta teórico-metodológica que combine tanto modelos de intelectualidad, como nociones genéricas sobre etnicidad. Solo de esta manera, el investigador dispondrá de los criterios metodológicos de discriminación, tanto para la selección de los sujetos de estudio, como para la definición de los observables que se pretenden registrar.
The Agreement of Complex Sentence and its Meanings in the Last Quarter of Holy Quran- Selected Models
Authors: Salim Ahmed Mohammad , Abdulla Kareem Hiwa 
Published: September 2021

This study is entitled (The Structural Agreement of Complex Sentence and its Meanings in the Last Quarter of Holy Quran - Selected Models) the Noble Qur’an through the varying linguistic methods that are relied upon in the formulation of sentences and texts, and among these methods: (constructive) which does not bear truth and lies in and of itself.
Given the importance of this topic, the study came as an application to the last quarter of the Holy Qur’an; To reveal the manifestations of the rhetorical inimitability in it, as well as to find the connotations contained in the construction methods in different rhetorical contexts, and these methods are characterized by their various suggestive and semantic ability that vary in the diversity of the tools and contexts of the method.
The research includes a study of the imperative construction represented in the style of (the command, the prohibition, the question, the wish, and the call), a theoretical and applied study at the same time.
Quality of life and its Relationship to Studying Motivation among Koya University Students
Authors: Sabir Paiz Khalid , Mustafa Khalid Ismail 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of the quality of life according to its dimensions, and constructing the measurement of the studying motivation, to display the levels of studying motivation from the part of the university students. The paper tries to find the relationship between quality of life and studying motivation and figure out the presupposition of studying motivation through the quality of life. The relevant descriptive method was adopted in the study. The population of the study is made up of (3466) students. The sample of the study for the first setting was of (465) students, the second setting was of (550) male and female students, they are selected in a random clustered way. For collecting information, the researchers used two measures: the quality of life is taken and the measures of studying motivation is constructed, the results turned out that the quality of life of students is at an acceptable level. For constructing the measures of studying motivation, the analysis of principles of used dimensions, divided the measurement into three dimensions, it turned out that the studying motivation is at an acceptable level. There are statistical positive evidences for the relation between quality of life and studying motivation. It turned out that quality of life presupposes a remarkable self-dimension in studying motivation. Finally, the researcher in the light of the results, offered some recommendations and suggestions.
Emphasis in Grammar - A Study in The Methodology of Segmentation
Authors: Ali Jihad Qadir , Ahmed Ezzat Azza Adnan 
Published: September 2021

Linguistical emphasis is not being thoroughly discussed in syntax books، except in pieces and partitions، initially with its verbal or semantic description، to its study of using the tool، extra letters، or sentences and ending with methods such as the division، exclusion، advance and delay، and so on due to its importance that calls for it to be in multiple forms، and miscellaneous images.
Based on that، we looked at the divisions of the emphasis and its terminology، and found that some emphasis naturally expresses an emphasis and is parsed as an emphasis، and some emphasis naturally expresses an emphasis but is not parsed as one، or from its meaning it is understood to be an emphasis but is not also parsed as one، as well as those which strengthen the emphasis. We also noted the multiplicity of its terminology among the Arab linguists due to viewing it from different perspectives.
Husband Towards Wife’s Expenditure and the Mandatory Applied Law
Authors: Ahmed Ranyar Qadir 
Published: September 2021

The right marriage that satisfies all legal conditions provides a set of rights and obligations on both parties(the wife and husband). These include material and non-material rights and obligations. As to material rights, the husband must provide the wife with the expenditure, and this must be proven, and this is enshrined in Quran, Sunna and social creds, as referred to in the Iraqi civil status law.
Yet, the question is: shall such expenditure obligations by the husband remain in place after the marriage or legal separation officially ends? Does such expenditure applicable during the three months waiting time after the divorce or separation takes place? And, does such expenditure mandatory at any time?
What is the law provision in the matter of husband expenditure towards the wife, and other related expenditures towards the main relatives (father, mother, grandfather and grandmother) and towards secondary relatives (daughters, sons, nephews, and nieces), as well as towards temporary expenditures.
We strive in this research to answer all these questions
Book review: Sulkunen, P., Babor, T., Cisneros Örnberg, J., Egerer, M., Hellman, M., Livingstone, C., Marionneau, V., Nikkinen, J., Orford, J., Room, R. & Rossow, I. (2019). Setting Limits: Gambling, Sciences and Public Policy.
Authors: Berret Sébastien 
Published: September 2021

This article is a book review of Setting Limits: Gambling, Sciences and Public Policy (Sulkunen et al., 2019). This policy-oriented book, authored by an international group of experts, is intended for public health professionals and policymakers, and provides a comprehensive review of research on worldwide gambling trends, addiction and related public health issues.
Transição Republicana: Desafio e chance para a Igreja (II)
Authors: Piva Elói D. 
Published: September 2021

Subentendida a mudança de regime político a partir de novembro de 1889 e a redefinição, em ato, das diretrizes do novo relacionamento entre Estado e entidades religiosas, abordamos neste ensaio o esforço empreendido por lideranças católicas de então, no sentido de revitalizar a Igreja no país. O embate entre esta iniciativa e a resistência encontrada, embate condimentado por circunstâncias de ordem pessoal e conjuntural, nos fornece elementos para um referencial que, por sua vez, nos ajuda a avaliar dimensões do próprio esforço de renovação, desafios encontrados, desfechos produzidos, modelos eclesiais em jogo, em suma, elementos constitutivos da historicidade da Igreja. Para isto, seguiremos o esquema já anteriormente traçado.
[A parte I deste ensaio foi publicada em REB 49 (1989) 620-639.]
Mengoptimalkan Kemampuan Berbahasa Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Bercerita
Authors: Nuzula Apriliyana Firdausi 
Published: September 2021

Children's language skills in listening and speaking activities are not optimal, children's vocabulary is still limited, so that children in conveying ideas, answering questions, repeating stories and telling stories about their experiences have not been achieved as expected. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of storytelling methods on the development of language skills in early childhood. This type of research is an experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The research was carried out in KB 'Aisyiyah Mentari Tuban with 32 children as subjects. The number of subjects was divided into 2 groups, namely the control and experimental groups as a comparison of the development of language skills. Collecting research data using observation and documentation techniques. The validity test with the Pearson correlation and the reliability test with Cronbach Alpha were carried out first then analyzed the data with the t test. The results of this study were proven by using the storytelling method to optimize early childhood language skills. Calculation using the t-test for all indicators> t critical 1.7530, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, H1 is accepted. This means that there is an effect of storytelling methods for all indicators on children's language skills. Suggestions for educators and PAUD institutions to implement storytelling methods as a method that can stimulate children's language skills.

Keywords: Storytelling Method, Language Ability
Efektivitas Pendekatan Saintifik Metode 5M dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Karya Ilmiah
Authors: Ganes Tegar Derana  
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian tentang pendekatan saintifik (dengan metode 5M) yangmerupakan bagian dari implementasi kurikulum KKNI yang akan diterapkan dalampembelajaran menulis karya ilmiah. Sehubungan dengan itu, maka tujuan penelitianadalah untuk melihat peningkatan kemampuan peserta Didik dalam kegiatan menuliskarya ilmiah dengan menerapkan pendekatan saintifik (metode 5M). Metode yangdigunakan adalah metode quasi eksperimen, yakni eksperimen semu dengan desain onegroup pretest-postest. Desain tersebut hanya melihat hasil belajar peserta Didik sebelumdan sesudah perlakuan dengan pendekatan saintifik (metode 5M). Sampel yang akandikenai perlakuan berjumlah 30 orang dari seluruh populasi yang ada. Hal itu diperolehdari 30% dari 103 peserta Didik tahun 2019 yang memperoleh mata kuliah TeknikPenulisan Karya Ilmiah. Sedangkan tes yang akan digunakan untuk mengukurkemampuan peserta Didik adalah tes kemampuan menulis. Tes tersebut dibuat dalambentuk uraian. Hasil belajar diuji dengan menggunakan uji normalitas Liliefors, mengujihomogenitas data dengan uji homogenitas F, dan menguji hipotesis dengan uji-T
Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Saintifik; Kemampuan Menulis
Skala Kesadaran Gender Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar (SKG-SD)
Authors: Hanggara Guruh S. , Arofah Laelatul , Andrianie Santy 
Published: September 2021

Kesadaran gender merupakan kompetensi penting dalam perkembangan siswa SD sebagaimana terumuskan dalam SKKPD. Kasus kurangnya kesadaran gender dapat ditemukan di SD Negeri Kolomayan 2 Blitar yang belum dapat dipetakan tingkat kesadaran gendernya. Untuk dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan pemetaan maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Skala Kesadaran Gender (SKG-SD) Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar yang valid secara konten dan konstruk. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yang diinginkan, peneliti menggunakan rancangan pengembangan instrumen. Adapun hasil yang didapatkan adalah SKG-SD dengan nilai validitas isi sebesar 1,00 yang berarti sangat layak. Selanjutnya hasil analisi butir alpha croncbach berhasil menyaring item-item SKG-SD menjadi 16 item saja dengan nilai reliabilitas akhir sebesar 0,879 dalam kategori sangat baik dan andal.
Kata Kunci : instrumen, skala kesadaran gender, siswa SD
Pengelolaan Aktivitas Ekstrakurikuler Seni Musik di Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD)
Authors: Raharjo Itot Bian , Yulianto Dema 
Published: September 2021

This study provides an overview of the management of the implementation of music extracurricular activities in early childhood education (PAUD). The background is the constraints or problems in the management system. Therefore, the implementation of music extracurricular activities in PAUD must be managed seriously. Good and suitable management of extracurricular music implementation will have a positive effect on the quality of education in PAUD. This research method is literature study. Data collection is by collecting main and supporting reference data. The data analysis technique is content analysis. The results of the assessment on the management of the implementation of music extracurricular activities in early childhood education are carried out using 4 stages, namely: 1) planning needs analysis, types, the background, implementation objectives, materials, evaluation tools, outputs, sarpras, criteria for trainers (instructors), 2) organizing in division of tasks, authorities, and responsibilities for executing extra activities, 3) implementation of activities in accordance with the implementation plan and organizing process, and 4) evaluation of activities.
Keyword: management, extracurricular, music art, PAUD.
Impact of External and Internal Negative Feeling on Consumers’ Desire for Revenge and Negative Word of Mouth
Authors: Lateef Sadia , Kamran Javeria , Yousuf Zai Mustafa Waseem , Khan Marium Mateen 
Published: September 2021

Service failure is a common problem that creates feelings of displeasure and dislike among consumers towards the service. Such feelings trigger negative word of mouth (NWOM) and desire to take revenge due to the anger and regret they feel caused by the service failure. However, there seldom any research on these emotional aspects of service failure in Pakistan related to consumers’ motivation regarding such dire actions has been conducted in Pakistani context. This study therefore has examined the effects of negative emotions on the consumer's desire for revenge and spreading of negative word of mouth set off by having a bad experience using the delivery service of foodpanda[1]. The sample size comprised of 280 participants. The questionnaire consisted of four sections based on four constructs. SPSS and SmartPLS softwares were used to test and analyze the validity, reliability, measurement and structural model. The results highlighted that anger and regret had a positive and significant effect on NWOM. The study further found that anger and regret had no significant effect on the desire for revenge. Similarly, no such relationship was identified between revenge and NWOM. Likewise, there was no significant relationship between revenge and NWOM.

[1] Foodpanda is a food delivery service
Sentiment Analysis of Consumer Misbehavior via Apparel Tweets
Authors: Nawaz Nainan , Kashif Sadaf 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the sentiments of the consumer misbehavior during a discounts sale event.
Design/methodology/approach: By using the sentiment analysis technique, the current research explores the sentiments of the consumers through the tweets they tweeted during a sale event. A total number of 489 tweets are downloaded out of which 222 tweets are found to have the expression of Neutral, 170 tweets with the Positive status, and 94 tweets are found to be Negative.
Findings: The findings resulted in the emergence of five simulating factors of consumer misbehavior that aroused during the event and can cause problems for the retailers as well as other consumers. These five themes are: Superabundant, shortage of checkout counters, payment and delivery, violation of corporate social responsibility, and privacy violation.
Research implications: This study contributes to the better understanding of the phenomenon consumer misbehavior from the perspective of the tweeters.
Originality/value: This paper is one of the first and few that explores and analyze the perspective and sentiments of tweeters about the consumer misbehavior during a sales event.