bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling of laminin α3‐blocked keratinocytes reveals an immune‐independent mechanism of blistering
Authors: Bao Lei , Perez White Bethany E. , Li Jing , Patel Payal M. , Amber Kyle T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLaminin‐332 pemphigoid is a rare and chronic autoimmune blistering disease which results in subepidermal blisters and erosive lesions predominantly localized to mucous membranes. As histologic inflammation is variable and non‐complement‐fixing IgG antibodies against laminin‐332 are the predominant class of autoantibodies deposited at the epidermal basement membrane zone, we hypothesized that complement‐independent pro‐inflammatory and blistering pathways existed similarly to that previously shown in bullous pemphigoid. As autoantibodies to laminin α3 are most prevalent, we studied the major cellular response to blockade of laminin α3 using a well‐characterized monoclonal antibody (P3H9‐2). RNA‐seq revealed upregulation of numerous desmosomal genes (DSG1, DSG3, DSC1, DSC3 and DSP) as well as KRT1 and KRT10. Additionally, P3H9‐2‐treated cells demonstrated downregulation of most hemidesmosomal genes. A pro‐inflammatory response was not appreciated. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we identified both protein kinase C and NOTCH as key regulators of P3H9‐2 induced differentiation. We lastly utilized 3D human skin equivalents to determine whether blockade of laminin α3 would lead to delayed blistering, consistent with keratinocyte differentiation. Significant blistering was noted after 72 h of treatment, with only minimal separation at 24 h. In summary, blockade of laminin α3 alters keratinocyte differentiation, representing a potential complement‐independent mechanism of blistering.
Directions Old and New: Palaeomagnetism and Fisher (1953) Meet Modern Statistics
Authors: Scealy Janice L. , Heslop David , Liu Jia , Wood Andrew T. A. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryMost modern articles in the palaeomagnetism literature are based on statistics developed by Fisher's 1953 paper ‘Dispersion on a sphere’, which assumes independent and identically distributed (iid) spherical data. However, palaeomagnetic sample designs are usually hierarchical, where specimens are collected within sites and the data are then combined across sites to calculate an overall mean direction for a geological formation. The specimens within sites are typically more similar than specimens between different sites, and so the iid assumptions fail. This article has three principal goals. The first is to review, contrast and compare both the statistics and geophysics literature on the topic of analysis methods for clustered data on spheres. The second is to present a new hierarchical parametric model, which avoids the unrealistic assumption of rotational symmetry in Fisher's 1953 paper ‘Dispersion on a sphere’ and may be broadly useful in the analysis of many palaeomagnetic datasets. To help develop the model, we use publicly available data as a case study collected from the Golan Heights volcanic plateau. The third goal is to explore different methods for constructing confidence regions for the overall mean direction based on clustered data. Two bootstrap confidence regions that we propose perform well and will be especially useful to geophysics practitioners.
Pharmacological inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII to enhance targeting of acute myeloid leukaemia cells under hypoxic conditions
Authors: Chen Fangli , Licarete Emilia , Wu Xue , Petrusca Daniela , Maguire Callista , Jacobsen Max , Colter Austyn , Sandusky George E. , Czader Magdalena , Capitano Maegan L. , Ropa James P. , Boswell H. Scott , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Parkin Brian , Fishel Melissa L. , Konig Heiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive form of blood cancer that carries a dismal prognosis. Several studies suggest that the poor outcome is due to a small fraction of leukaemic cells that elude treatment and survive in specialised, oxygen (O2)‐deprived niches of the bone marrow. Although several AML drug targets such as FLT3, IDH1/2 and CD33 have been established in recent years, survival rates remain unsatisfactory, which indicates that other, yet unrecognized, mechanisms influence the ability of AML cells to escape cell death and to proliferate in hypoxic environments. Our data illustrates that Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII (CA IX/XII) are critical for leukaemic cell survival in the O2‐deprived milieu. CA IX and XII function as transmembrane proteins that mediate intracellular pH under low O2 conditions. Because maintaining a neutral pH represents a key survival mechanism for tumour cells in O2‐deprived settings, we sought to elucidate the role of dual CA IX/XII inhibition as a novel strategy to eliminate AML cells under hypoxic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the dual CA IX/XII inhibitor FC531 may prove to be of value as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of AML.
Allogeneic islet transplantation with monitoring of islet‐specific cellular autoimmunity in a Japanese patient with type 1 diabetes: A case report
Authors: Chujo Daisuke , Kurokawa Toshiaki , Kawabe Akitsu , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Inagaki Fuyuki , Shinohara Koya , Hagiwara Shotaro , Edamoto Yoshihiro , Ohmagari Norio , Hinoshita Fumihiko , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Kajio Hiroshi , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Takemura Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Shinichi , Shimoda Masayuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHere, we report a case of allogeneic islet transplantation in Japan. A 48‐year‐old man received intraportal islet transplantation (5,945 islet equivalent/kg), and stabilization of blood glucose levels and suppression of hypoglycemia were achieved. In the present case, we used our original assessment method to detect the responses of the recipient’s T cells to islet autoantigens over time to monitor cellular autoimmunity. Other markers could not predict graft dysfunction in advance, but our method detected the activation of islet antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses before the deterioration of pancreatic β‐cell function, indicating the possibility of the non‐invasive detection of pancreatic β‐cell damage due to recurrent autoimmunity.
Cutaneous and Allergic reactions due to COVID‐19 vaccinations: A review
Authors: Temiz Selami Aykut , Abdelmaksoud Ayman , Wollina Uwe , Kutlu Omer , Dursun Recep , Patil Anant , Lotti Torello , Goldust Mohamad , Vestita Michelangelo 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has had an unprecedented impact on the overall health and the global economy. Vaccination is currently the most dependable strategy to end the pandemic, despite the slower‐than‐hoped‐for rollout, particularly for low‐to‐middle‐income countries, and the uncertain duration of protection afforded by vaccination. The spike protein of the virus (immunodominant antigen of the virus) is the main target of the approved and candidate SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. This protein binds to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell, initiating the entry of the virus into the cell and the chain of subsequent events ending to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The safety profile of these vaccines needs is closely assessed.MethodsThis comprehensive review includes searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases using the keywords “coronavirus”, “COVID‐19”, “vaccine”, “cutaneous reactions”, “allergic reactions”, and “SARS‐CoV‐2”. Manual searching of reference lists of included articles augmented the research. The research was updated in June 2021.ResultsIn this narrative review, we tried to investigate and discuss the cutaneous and allergic reactions related to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines currently available in the literature. As a result, although COVID‐19 vaccines can be reported to develop allergic and anaphylactic reactions, especially after m‐RNA vaccines, they remain at a low rate, and it is observed that these reactions may develop more frequently, especially in patients with previous allergies and mast cell disorders. Fortunately, these reactions are generally transient, benign, self‐limited.ConclusionAlthough there is still no definitive evidence, as dermatologists, we must be aware of the possibility of cutaneous reactions, newly diagnosed dermatoses, or exacerbation of existing dermatoses that may develop after the COVID‐19 vaccinations.
Trends in cosmetic consumer preferences during COVID‐19 pandemic: Comparing 2021 to 2020
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Munavalli Girish S. , Zachary Christopher B. , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis commentary evaluates trends in the factors influencing consumer decision‐making for cosmetic dermatologic procedures during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. This is a follow‐up national survey to one that was published 1 year ago. This study compares the data from Summer 2020 to early Summer 2021, which presents a stark contrast. Our results demonstrate that consumers are now more interested in cosmetic dermatologic procedures compared to 1 year prior. Additionally, they still value the overall safety of the clinic, so physicians should ensure that certain safety measures remain in place despite any decreasing rates of COVID‐19 positivity. Our survey sheds more light on current consumer perspectives, which may in turn help physicians adjust their practices to meet current demand. It is important for physicians to be knowledgeable regarding the patterns of consumer decision‐making in order to deliver appropriate patient education and provide proper patient outreach during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Identification of pivotal microRNAs involved in the development and progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qing‐Hai , Meng Ying , Tang Yu‐Ting , Hou Chen‐Xing , Sun Nan‐Nan , Han Wei , Wang Chen‐Xing , Ye JinHai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundmiRNAs and mRNAs have been significantly implicated in tumorigenesis and served as promising prognostic biomarkers for human cancer. Hence, this study was aimed to develop the pivotal miRNA biomarkers‐based prognostic signature for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.MethodsThe miRNA and mRNA expression data were integrated from the gene expression omnibus database to study their involvement in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma development and progression. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes were conducted to analyze the biological pathways. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of selected miRNAs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and corresponding normal tissues.ResultsThere were 386 differentially expressed genes: 158 upregulated and 228 downregulated genes and 102 differentially expressed miRNAs: 78 upregulated and 24 downregulated miRNAs in the salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma samples. A miRNA‐mRNA network containing 11 miRNAs and 199 genes was subsequently constructed. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the genes targeted by the 11 miRNAs were mostly involved in tumor‐related pathways and processes, such as miRNAs in cancer, focal adhesion, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Among them, 4 miRNAs (miR‐375, miR‐494, miR‐34c‐5p, and miR‐331‐3p) were selected to verify by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR in 36 pairs of collected salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and adjacent nontumor samples. Overall survival analysis revealed that the higher expression of miR‐331‐3p was significantly associated with a worst overall survival and multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that hsa‐miR‐331‐3p could be an independent prognostic factor for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.ConclusionOur results revealed that 4‐miRNAs signature was a powerful prognostic biomarker for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, which provide a basis for exploring deeper mechanisms regarding the progression of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, and leading to the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
Patient information about living donor kidney transplantation across UK renal units: A critical review
Authors: Winterbottom Anna , Stoves John , Ahmed Shenaz , Ahmed Ahmed , Daga Sunil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient information about living donor kidney transplantation is used to supplement conversations between health professionals, people with advanced kidney disease and potential kidney donors. It is not known if the information is designed to support decision‐making about renal replacement options and if it helps people discuss living kidney donation with family and friends.ObjectiveCritical review of resources used in outpatient kidney consultations to support patients' decision‐making about living kidney donor transplantation.DesignMixed methods including an audit questionnaire and critical analysis of patient information leaflets.Participants and measurementsAll kidney transplant centres and renal units in United Kingdom received a questionnaire to elicit by whom, how, and when information about living kidney donation is delivered. Copies of leaflets were requested. A coding frame was utilised to produce a quality score for each leaflet.ResultsThirty‐nine (54%) units participated. Patients discussed living donor kidney transplantation with nephrologists (100%), living donor nurse (94%), transplant co‐ordinator (94%), and predialysis nurse (86%). Twenty‐three leaflets were provided and reviewed, mean quality scores for inclusion of information known to support shared decision‐making was m = 2.82 out of 10 (range = 0–6, SD = 1.53). Readability scores indicated they were ‘fairly difficult to read’ (M = 56.3, range = 0–100, SD = 9.4). Few included cultural and faith information. Two leaflets were designed to facilitate conversations with others about donation.ConclusionsLeaflets are unlikely to adequately support decision‐making between options and discussions about donation. Services writing and updating patient leaflets may benefit from our six principles to guide their development.
Components of plant species diversity along environmental gradients at various spatial scales in wetland environments of southern Africa
Authors: Sieben Erwin J.J. , Subbiah Ashley , Job Nancy , Chatanga Peter , Collins Nacelle , Corry Fynn T.H. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuestionsEffective conservation planning of wetlands requires an understanding of the drivers of wetland diversity at different spatial scales. This study addresses the question: which environmental variables are most responsible for the turnover of wetland plant diversity at various spatial scales (beta and gamma diversity)? Additionally, how does alpha diversity, which expresses the diversity on a local level, compare between different wetland habitats?LocationSouth Africa and Lesotho.MethodsVariation in wetland vegetation along environmental gradients was studied using an existing data set consisting of 1,113 vegetation plots. Plant species composition was analyzed at three spatial scales using gradient analysis. Scale 1 represents a broad geographic scale, Scale 2 represents variation within a single catchment and Scale 3 represents variation within a single wetland. Shannon’s Diversity and Evenness as proxies of alpha diversity were determined for five categories of wetland habitats.ResultsThe most important factors at the geographic scale were latitude, base level of the catchment, temperature, climate and underlying parent material. At the catchment scale, altitude, hydrogeomorphic type and topographic location were the most influential factors, while soil texture, sodium content, organic carbon content, wetness and electric conductivity played a major role at the wetland scale. At the national level, the most important spatial scale was the geographic scale, the second was the catchment and the third was the wetland scale. Although there was a wide range of variation in Shannon's Diversity Index between the different wetland habitats, the differences were significant for all categories.ConclusionsThe results show that factors that play a major role in influencing plant diversity in wetlands are scale‐dependent. This indicates the importance of considering all three spatial scales in the conservation planning of wetlands in southern Africa, especially given the many different threats that wetlands face, including climate change.
Positioning self and other: building equity literacy in collaboration
Authors: Rust Julie , Wessel‐Powell Christy 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCollaborative meaning‐making across difference is often undertaken in pursuit of equity, but too often socially constructed power differentials between collaborators on the basis of social class, race, gender, ability, age or other markers are reified. This article examines the ripples produced by one literacy collaboration that took place across public, private and charter schools, nested within urban, suburban and rural districts, traversing cultural, racial and class boundaries. Specifically, we examine retrospective interview data from youth and teachers reflecting on a collaborative project that asked youth to work together with young people from other schools to compose dramatic performances together. Our findings reveal limitations to equitable outcomes across disparate groups working together, particularly around identity markers like race or neurological difference. After juxtaposing a range of positionalities that youth took up when describing the experience of this field trip after the fact, we suggest a set of equity literacy tools for teachers and researchers interested in facilitating more equitable collaborations.
The Regional Origins of the Libyan Conflict
Authors: Grigoriadis Theocharis N. , Kassem Walied 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe explore the effects of Libya's administrative division into Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and Fezzan on the onset of the Libyan conflict. We argue that Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, in particular, followed two different and distinct paths of political development and socioeconomic transformation. While Tripolitania and its elites are connected to the core of Libyan statehood and the legacies of Italian colonization, Cyrenaica is defined by localized political autonomy and economic autarky with respect to natural resources. Furthermore, the Qadhafi regime marginalized Cyrenaica politically, despite its major significance for the Libyan economy, because of its strong royalist inclinations. By offering an overview of Libya's political evolution and socioeconomic development, we indicate that the current conflict has largely been due to the asymmetric and artificial dominance of Tripolitania over the other two regions, particularly Cyrenaica.
Whole‐brain morphometry in Canadian soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Roy Olivier , Levasseur‐Moreau Jean , Renauld Emmanuelle , Hébert Luc J. , Leblond Jean , Bilodeau Mathieu , Fecteau Shirley 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display several structural brain differences when compared with healthy individuals. However, findings are particularly inconsistent for soldiers with PTSD. Here, we characterized the brain morphometry of 37 soldiers from the Canadian Armed Forces with adulthood war‐related PTSD using structural magnetic resonance imaging. We assessed time since trauma, as well as PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms with the Modified PTSD Symptoms Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively. Whole‐brain morphometry was extracted with FreeSurfer and compared with a validated normative database of more than 2700 healthy individuals. Volume and thickness from several regions differed from the norms. Frontal regions were smaller and thinner, particularly the superior and rostral middle frontal gyri. Furthermore, smaller left rostral middle frontal gyrus, left pericalcarine cortex, and right fusiform gyrus were associated with more recent trauma. All subcortical structures were bigger, except the hippocampus. These findings suggest a particular brain morphometric signature of PTSD in soldiers. Smaller and thinner frontal and larger subcortical regions support impaired top‐down and/or downregulation of emotional response in PTSD. Finally, the correlation of smaller frontal, temporal, and occipital regions with more recent trauma might inform future therapeutic approaches.
Internet of Things (IoT)‐based aquaculture: An overview of IoT application on water quality monitoring
Authors: Prapti Dipika Roy , Mohamed Shariff Abdul Rashid , Che Man Hasfalina , Ramli Norulhuda Mohamed , Perumal Thinagaran , Shariff Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAquaculture based on the Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing field of interest in the fishing industry. The IoT technology is advancing the agriculture 4.0 era, and yet, Aquaculture 4.0 is a lagging field in many countries. This article presents results obtained so far from ongoing research of published work highlighting water quality monitoring in fishponds. This analysis was performed extensively from May to December 2020 by meticulously selecting a total of 30 internationally published research papers. This review is divided into five categories: (1) recent research (2011–2020), (2) aquaculture environments, (3) research approaches, (4) most common water quality parameters and (5) forms of the solution provided. Most of the published research concentrated on inland aquaculture (81%), while research articles on marine aquaculture species accounted for 19% of papers reviewed so far. The framework and architecture approach (48%) was the most widely practised research approach in IoT‐based aquaculture for water quality monitoring. There is a need for long‐term experimental research to identify the challenges and suggest appropriate solutions. With regards to water quality parameters, temperature (20%), dissolved oxygen (18%) and pH (17%) are the topmost prioritised water quality parameters considered in the IoT‐based aquaculture. Finally, real‐time monitoring (50%) is offered generally as a form of a solution while autonomous (3%) monitoring can be a unique solution. The findings from this study are expected to support the aquaculture industry, researchers, practitioners and decision‐makers in the long run.
Topicalization, Dislocation and Clitic Resumption
Authors: Cruschina Silvio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRomance languages make use of syntactic topicalization strategies to mark various kinds of topic constituents, typically under Clitic Left Dislocation (CLLD) or Clitic Right Dislocation (CLRD). Despite the great deal of attention that these phenomena have received in the last decades, different analyses have been proposed and several questions are still controversial. In this paper, I focus on the role and distribution of clitic resumption in Italian topicalization constructions with the aim of identifying the syntactic properties that correlate with the overt presence of the resumptive clitic. The apparent optionality of the clitic is subject to variation across Romance and reflects structural differences, showing that non‐resumed left dislocation actually corresponds to a structure other than CLLD. The ultimate goal of this analysis is thus to provide evidence in support of the movement analysis of CLLD, and against recent revivals of the base‐generation or adjunction approach, by arguing that left dislocation with and without clitic resumption corresponds to two distinct types of A'‐movement.