bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body composition and osteoporotic fracture using anthropometric prediction equations to assess muscle and fat masses
Authors: Hong Changbin , Choi Seulggie , Park Minseon , Park Sang Min , Lee Gyeongsil 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity is protective of bone health; however, abdominal obesity is associated with a higher fracture risk. Little is known about whether body composition protects or adversely affects osteoporotic fractures because of practical issues regarding assessment tools. This study aimed to evaluate the association of predicted body composition with fracture risk to determine the distinctive and differing effects of muscle or fat mass on bone health outcomes in the general population.MethodsThis population‐based, longitudinal cohort study used 2009–2010 Korean National Health Insurance Service data and follow‐up data from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013, to determine the incidence of osteoporotic fracture (total, spine, and non‐spine) defined using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. The study participants were aged ≥50 years (men, 158 426; women, 131 587). The predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), appendicular skeletal muscle index (pASMI), and body fat mass index (pBFMI) were used to assess body composition, using anthropometric prediction equations.ResultsOver a 3 year follow‐up, we identified 2350 and 6175 fractures in men and women, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 60.2 ± 8.3 and 60.7 ± 8.4 years in men and women, respectively. In a multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, increasing pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total fractures in men and women. When comparing individuals in the lowest pLBMI and pASMI (reference groups), men with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.83] and 0.62 (95% CI 0.47–0.82), and women with the highest pLBMI and pASMI had adjusted hazard ratios of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.85) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.60–0.85), respectively, for total fractures. The pBFMI had no significant association with total fractures in men or women. Regarding sex‐specific or site‐specific differences, the protective effects of the pLBMI and pASMI on fractures were greater in men and reduced the risk of spinal fractures. An increased pBFMI was associated with an increased risk of spinal fractures in women.ConclusionsAn increased pLBMI or pASMI was significantly associated with decreased total osteoporotic fracture risk; however, the pBFMI showed no statistically significant association. Muscle mass was more important than fat mass in preventing future osteoporotic fractures based on anthropometric prediction equations.
Effect of protective bed composition on deactivation of a hydrotreating catalyst
Authors: Yunusov Mirakhmad P , Teshabaev Zafar A , Mirzaeva Elena I , Nasullaev Khikmatullo A , Ergashev Makhmudjon M , Ruzimuradov Olim N , Murzin Dmitry Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe relationship between the chemical composition, texture, and the shape of the granules of the protective bed upstream hydrotreating, that influences the degree of metal removal from the residual vacuum gas oil, is a critical issue in oil refining.RESULTSThe character of the metal and sulphur distribution on the surface and in the volume of granules of the protective beds was studied for the model mixtures enriched with typical compounds deactivating hydrodesulphurization catalysts. The protective bed was operated along with the demetallization catalyst synthesized using local mineral raw materials (e.g., Angren high‐quality enriched kaolin) and production wastes (spent alumina sorbent from Shurtan gas chemical complex).CONCLUSIONIt is shown, the use of a two‐bed protective system most effectively extended the life‐time of the main hydrotreating catalyst. The spent and deactivated Al‐Co‐Mo catalyst can be efficiently used in the synthesis of the catalyst used for the pre‐cleaning upstream hydrotreating. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
The effect of composite structural parameters on tribo‐mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity of self‐lubricant composites
Authors: Shahramforouz Fatemeh , Hejazi Seyed Mahdi , Taherizadeh Aboozar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article aims to look into the impact of structural parameters on the tribological, mechanical, and thermal functions of composites. These parameters include the reinforcement type, the winding angle and winding type. The tribological characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/epoxy filament wound composites with various reinforcements including E‐glass, Kevlar, and ultra‐high‐molecular weight polyethylene were examined under two different loads and the sliding velocity of 0.12 m/s. After the wear test, the worn surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The compressive strength of the composites was considered under static loading conditions to investigate the mechanical properties. Also, the thermal conductivity of the composites was investigated. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was measured by applying a single fiber microdroplet pullout test. The tribological and mechanical performance of the composites containing Kevlar reinforcement fibers was found to be better than that of PE and glass. The winding angle of 55° showed a better performance, and the hybrid winding type was more suitable than the layered one. So in general, it could be concluded that the hybrid‐Kevlar/PTFE‐55° composite exhibited the best tribological and mechanical performance among all composites. The thermal conductivity of hybrid‐Kevlar/PTFE‐55° composites was not high; therefore, it was increased by tungsten carbide (WC). According to the microdroplet test results, IFSS was the highest between Kevlar fibers and the matrix; it was raised by employing WC. The reported results may facilitate the development of self‐lubricant composites embedded in WC fillers applicable in bearings.
Globally asymptotic stability and synchronization analysis of uncertain multi‐agent systems with multiple time‐varying delays and impulses
Authors: Arockia Samy Stephen , Cao Yang , Ramachandran Raja , Alzabut Jehad , Niezabitowski Michal , Lim Chee Peng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article interrogates the issue of global asymptotic stability and synchronization analysis of uncertain multi‐agent systems (MASs) with multiple time‐varying delays (discrete and distributed) and impulsive perturbations. In this problem, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point using Brouwer degree properties for the addressed MASs. By applying the approach of Lyapunov–Krasovskii function into the considered system, we achieve the global asymptotic stability and the synchronization criteria by designing the pining control strategy into the MAS. Finally, we provide two numerical calculations along with the computational simulations to check the validity of the theoretical findings reported in this article.
Robust impulsive observer design for infinite‐dimensional cell population balance models
Authors: Schaum Alexander , Jerono Pascal , Feketa Petro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe observer design problem for a class of cell population balance models, describing the time evolution of the cell mass density distribution function and the substrate concentration in a continuous‐stirred tank bioreactor with irregular discrete‐time measurements of the cell mass distribution is considered. The model consists of a partial integro‐differential equation coupled with an ordinary differential equation. Using the theory of impulsive systems sufficient conditions for the input‐to‐state‐stability (ISS) of the observation error in the state‐spacewith respect to the measurement uncertainty are derived in terms of the maximum time between successive measurements and the ISS gain. In absence of measurement uncertainty the convergence conditions imply exponential stability of the observation error dynamics. Besides these rigorous conditions, application‐oriented tuning guidelines are established. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical simulations including a comparison with a continuous–discrete extended Kalman filter based on the numerical approximation, showing that a similar accuracy is achieved when using a finite‐dimensional approximation of the proposed impulsive observer scheme with a considerably lower computational effort.
Monetary Penalties in the National Cybersecurity System Act
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents the provisions of Chapter 14 (“Provisions regarding monetary penalties”) of NCSA containing provisions directed at implementing the provisions of Art. 21 of the NIS which obliging Member States to lay down sanctions applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to the NIS Directive and to take all necessary measures to ensure their implementation.Pursuant to the above provision of the NIS Directive, the Polish legislator adopted an appropriate provisions providing for administrative liability for three groups of entities: operators of essential services, digital service providers and (additionally) managers of operators of essential services.To the penalties imposed on the basis of the NCSA, the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure apply, which results directly from the content of art. 189a Code of Administrative Procedure.In this case, provisions of NCSA are ‘lex specialis’ and take precedence over codex regulations. On the other hand, however, it is difficult to consider the statutory regulation as complete (in Chapter 14, in principle, only provisions regulating the types of violations and the amount of administrative penalties are provided), hence the need to apply the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure.
Operational Activities in the Field of Cybersecurity
Authors: Kurek Justyna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increase in cybercrime and the importance of cyberspace for the preparatory stage of crimes led to the redefinition of operational and exploratory activities. It has become desirable to move away from the concept of targeted surveillance and towards prevention systems used on a massive scale. This trend is manifested in using technological achievements like hacking software for legal purposes. The goal of this article is to define the concept of state-run on-line remote search of information systems, including the use of breakthrough security software like spyware, in the context of procedural- and pre-trial guarantees, the presumption of innocence and protection of privacy. The article attempts to verify the following research hypothesis: that the creation of new appropriate guarantees (institutional, substantive and procedural) for the digital environment is required since the existing safeguards appropriate to the actions in the real world cannot be applied by analogy in the digital environment without influencing the effectiveness of the measures. The legal framework for operational activities in the digital world must take into account the requirement of subsidiarity and necessity of maintaining a balance between effective criminal law and respect for privacy.
National Cybersecurity System Act
Authors: Radoniewicz Filip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Act of the 5th of July 2018 on the National Cybersecurity System (hereinafter referred to as “NCSA”), as indicated in the explanatory memorandum to this act, is on the one hand an attempt to comprehensively regulate the national cybersecurity system, which is a response to the constantly growing and dynamically changing cyber threats, which may affect the security of the state, the economy and society, and on the other hand it is the implementation of the Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of the 6th of July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union (the NIS Directive). The purpose of this chapter is a brief description of the act and a synthetic presentation of the solutions it contains, which will be discussed in detail later in the monograph.
The Impact of ‘TRIPS-Plus’ Rules on the Use of TRIPS Flexibilities: Dealing with the Implementation Challenges
Authors: El Said Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImproving the health and well-being of society is a priority to many governments. One essential element within this debate focuses on the accessibility and affordability of medicines for patients. Although interest in this area has persisted for decades, the recent shift in this field is manifested by this now being treated as a global concern, rather than as a regional or a national one. Patients in both developed and developing countries alike are facing the same challenges and are under an increased pressure to access and afford treatment. The recently published UN High Level Panel for Access to Medicines Report explicitly stated its view of ‘access to medicines, vaccines, diagnostics and related health technologies as a serious, multidimensional global problem, with challenges that affect all people and all countries.…the High-Level Panel recognizes that the costs of health technologies are rising globally and are being felt by individuals and by public and private insurance schemes in both wealthy and resource-constrained countries alike’ (UN Secretary General High Level Panel, ‘The United Nations Secretary-General High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines Report: Promoting Innovation and Access to Health Technologies’, (September 2016), 12. https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s23068en/s23068en.pdf.). This thinking represents a fundamental departure from the previous approach which classified the problem related to access to medicines as one mainly attributed to developing and least developed nations. It is within this debate that the role of intellectual property protection in general and by way of the rise of TRIPS-Plus agreements and their impact on accessibility and affordability of medicines takes centre stage.
Inklusion und Digitalisierung: Rechtliche Vorgaben und Potenziale für Hochschulen
Authors: Zorn Isabel 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierungsprojekte müssen für alle Beteiligten nutzbar sein. Vorgaben der Behindertenrechtskonvention oder der Hochschulgesetze führen dazu, dass sich Hochschulen bei Digitalisierungsstrategien auch mit Inklusionsstrategien auseinandersetzen müssen. Die Hochschulrektorenkonferenz stellte hier in einer großen Umfrage Verbesserungsbedarf bei den Hochschulen fest. Der Beitrag behandelt die Rechtssituation und zeigt am Vorschlag des universellen Designs für das Lernen, wie digitale Barrieren zu reduzieren sind, damit Hochschulen alle zugangsberechtigten Talente bestmöglich mit und durch digitalisierte Angebote ausbilden können.
Schwerpunkte und Themen des Sammelbands
Authors: König Christoph , Mahrt Katharina 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel gibt einen Überblick über die fünf thematischen Teile des Sammelbands (Hochschulbildung und Digitalisierung, Kooperationen und Netzwerke, Governance und Change Management, Kompetenzen und Curricula, Didaktik) und die darin enthaltenen Beiträge von Autor*innen aus der Community des Hochschulforums Digitalisierung. Der Band wirbt für eine ganzheitliche Perspektive und adressiert deshalb ein breites Spektrum an Themen: von allgemeineren Entwicklungslinien und Trends über kollaborative Ansätze (auf lokaler, nationaler und internationaler Ebene), Hochschulstrategien und Partizipationsmöglichkeiten bis hin zu innovativen didaktischen Formaten und Lehr-Lern-Settings zur Vermittlung von Wissen und (Zukunfts-)Kompetenzen. Im Zusammenspiel vermitteln die 33 Beiträge einen umfassenden Eindruck von den Herausforderungen und Chancen der digitalen Transformation in der Hochschulbildung. Sie erfassen dabei nicht nur den Status quo, sondern zeigen viele mögliche Schritte zur Gestaltung der Digitalisierung in Studium und Lehre auf.
Employability und Fähigkeiten für die Zukunft der Arbeit am Beispiel des Maschinenbauwesens
Authors: Stambolieva Marija 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Arbeitsmarkt und Hochschulbildung sowie den Einfluss von Technologie auf Arbeitsplätze, Berufe und Qualifikationen, insbesondere aus der Perspektive der Humankapitaltheorien. Die Ergebnisse unserer qualitativen Untersuchung unter Arbeitgebenden aus dem Maschinen- und Anlagenbau und der Automobilindustrie zeigen, dass es eine klare Erwartungshaltung an den Wandel der Berufsprofile der Ingenieurwissenschaftler*innen und die damit verbundenen Fähigkeitsanforderungen aufgrund der Digitalisierung gibt. Damit gewinnt die Dimension der Beschäftigungsbefähigung (Employability) bei der Curriculumentwicklung an Bedeutung. Einschränkend wirken dabei die ressourcenintensive Einbeziehung der Sichtweisen der Arbeitgebenden und die uneinheitliche Operationalisierung der Qualifikations- und Kompetenzanforderungen, sowohl in unterschiedlichen Studien als auch in den Curricula. Die Orientierung am aktuellen HQR-Kompetenzmodell wäre für die Vergleichbarkeit der Arbeitsmarktchecks sinnvoll.
Mobiles Lernen, Selbststeuerung und Gamification. Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Begleitstudie zu Chancen und Grenzen einer Inverted-Classroom-Veranstaltung in der Lehrer*innenprofessionalisierung
Authors: Borukhovich-Weis Swantje , Gryl Inga , Łączkowska Ewa , Bulizek Björn 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Ansatz des Inverted Classrooms verspricht eine gelungene Kombination aus flexiblem Selbstlernen und sozialem Lernen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine um Methoden der Selbststeuerung und Gamification angereicherte, für die Lehramtsbildung entwickelte mobile Lernumgebung vorgestellt. Hierbei füllen die Studierenden in Onlinephasen eine persönliche „digitale Lehrer*innentasche“ mit Kompetenzen zur Vorbereitung auf die Präsenztermine. Die aus mehreren Elementen bestehende Begleitstudie legt offen, welche Aspekte der Lernumgebung die Studierenden als lernfördernd und welche als lernhemmend erachten.
Stearic acid does not overcome conjugated linoleic acid trans-10, cis-12-induced milk fat depression in lactating ewes
Authors: De Aguiar Georgia C. , Horstmann Rafaella , Padilha Charline Godinho , Ribeiro Cláudio V. D. M. , De Oliveira Dimas Estrasulas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that stearic acid (SA) supplementation increases milk fat content and overcomes the antilipogenic effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in lactating ewes. Twenty-eight Lacaune ewes (36 (sd 2) days in lactation; 70·5 (sd) 9·6 kg of body weight), producing 1·8 (sd 0·4) kg of milk/d, were used in a completely randomised design (seven ewes/treatment) for 21 d. The treatments were: (1) Control; (2) CLA (6·4 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA); (3) SA (28 g/d of SA) and (4) SA in association with trans-10, cis-12 CLA (CLASA; 6·4 g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA plus 28 g/d of SA). All data were analysed using a mixed model that included the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of ewe. SA did not alter milk fat content and yield relative to Control (91·9 v. 91·2 (sd 4·1) g/d). CLASA was not able to overcome the reduction in fat content and fat yield induced by CLA (75 v. 82 (sd 0·14) g/d). SA increased the relative abundance of CD36, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and PPAR-γ mRNA by 140, 112 and 68 % compared with CLASA. SA also reduced the relative abundance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α promoter II and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) when compared with Control (45 and 39 %). Compared with CLA, CLASA treatment had no effect on the mRNA abundance of fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, CD36, SCD, FABP4, acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase 6, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and PPAR-γ. In conclusion, SA supplementation did not increase milk fat synthesis and did not overcome the CLA-induced milk fat depression when associated with trans-10, cis-12 CLA.
MAKING SENSE OF MESNE PROFITS: REMEDIES
Authors: Mitchell Charles , Rostill Luke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis is the second of two articles about cases in which awards of “mesne profits” have been made against defendants who have occupied claimants’ land. The first article argues that the facts of cases where such awards have been made variously support claims in tort, contract or unjust enrichment and that practical consequences can flow from categorising the cases in one way or another. One is that different rules affect the assessment of remedies awarded to claimants depending on the claim that was made and the remedy that was awarded. The present article develops this point by examining the assessment principles governing “mesne profits” awards, according to whether these are classified as compensatory damages in tort, restitutionary damages in tort, orders that a defendant perform a contractual duty to pay a debt, compensatory damages for breach of contract, or orders that a defendant make restitution of an unjust enrichment.
Decreased nasal nitric oxide levels: a potential marker of decreased olfactory discrimination in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang L , Fang F , Yao L , Sun H , Zhan X , Lu M , Wei Y 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association of nasal nitric oxide and olfactory function.MethodA cross-sectional study was performed in 117 adults, including 91 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and 26 healthy controls. Scores on the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test, Lund-Mackay scale and Lund-Kennedy scale were recorded to assess severity of disease. All participants were screened for common inhaled and food allergens. Nasal nitric oxide and fractional exhaled nitric oxide testing, acoustic rhinometry and anterior rhinomanometry testing were performed to measure nasal function. The validated Sniffin’ Sticks test battery was used to assess olfactory function.ResultsHigher nasal nitric oxide was an independent protective factor for odour discrimination and odour threshold in participants with chronic rhinosinusitis after adjusting for age, gender, drinking, smoking, 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test, Lund-Mackay score, Lund-Kennedy score, immunoglobulin E and the second minimal cross-sectional area by acoustic rhinometry. Nasal nitric oxide also showed high discrimination in predicting impaired odour discrimination. In addition, nasal nitric oxide was lower in older participants, those with higher Lund-Mackay or Lund-Kennedy scores and higher with elevated total serum immunoglobulin E concentrations above a threshold of 0.35 kU/l.ConclusionHigher nasal nitric oxide is associated with better odour discrimination in chronic rhinosinusitis and is modulated by age, degree of allergy and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis.