bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickness Absence and Sickness Presence Among Health and Care Employees in Sweden—Health Complaints, Health Behavior, and Future Long-Term Sickness Absence
Authors: Helgesson Magnus , Gustafsson Klas , Marklund Staffan , Aronsson Gunnar , Leineweber Constanze 
Published: February 2021

Objective:To describe if health complaints relate to health behavior in terms of sickness absence (SA) and sickness presence (SP) and to examine how complaints and health behavior predicts the risk for future long-term sickness absence (LTSA).Methods:Data originates from work environment surveys 2001 to 2013 and SA registers 2002 to 2016 of 1838 nurses, 7430 care assistants, and 40,515 individuals in all other occupations. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.Results:Physical complaints and high SA in combination with high SP increased the risk of LTSA among nurses and care assistants. Nurses’ high SP and care assistants’ high SA elevated the LTSA risk.Conclusions:Strategies to reduce the reasons behind physical health complaints among health care workers are warranted. SP among nurses and SA among care assistants should be considered in the organization of their job demands.
Academic Entitlement in Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Ellis Jill , Bacon-Baguley Theresa , Otieno Sango 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of academic entitlement (AE) among physician assistant (PA) students in the United States.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess AE using 2 previously validated AE surveys. Current PA students were recruited via email, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cumulative logistic regression.

Results
Overall, the 337 PA students who participated in the study reported low levels of AE. Students displayed the highest level of AE on statements related to the role of professors and the lowest level of entitlement on statements pertaining to student responsibility and grade entitlement. Students who struggled academically were more likely to report AE in relation to professors' roles. Older students were more likely to display AE related to provision of necessary resources by the university and less likely to display AE regarding the method of delivery for learning materials. Higher levels of grade-related AE were found in students in the didactic phase, female students, and students who did not identify as White. In addition, students who did not identify as White were more likely to display AE in relation to tests.

Conclusions
Literature shows that AE has increased and is a major concern in higher education. Although the overall study results indicated relatively low AE, we found increased AE in certain student groups. Earlier identification of students at increased risk for AE would allow educators to intervene more effectively in a timely manner.
Specialty-Specific Diagnoses in Pediatric Patients With Postconcussion Syndrome: Experience From a Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic
Authors: Shah Ankoor S. , Raghuram Aparna , Kaur Karampreet , Lipson Sophie , Shoshany Talia , Stevens Rebecca , O'Brien Michael , Howell David , Fleischman Katie , Barnack Danielle , Molind Heather , Kuemmerle Karameh Hawash , Brodsky Jacob R. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To describe the collaborative findings across a broad array of subspecialties in children and adolescents with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) in a pediatric multidisciplinary concussion clinic (MDCC) setting.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
Multidisciplinary concussion clinic at a pediatric tertiary-level hospital.

Patients:
Fifty-seven patients seen in MDCC for evaluation and management of PCS between June 2014 and January 2016.

Interventions:
Clinical evaluation by neurology, sports medicine, otolaryngology, optometry, ophthalmology, physical therapy, and psychology.

Main Outcome Measures:
Specialty-specific clinical findings and specific, treatable diagnoses relevant to PCS symptoms.

Results:
A wide variety of treatable, specialty-specific diagnoses were identified as potential contributing factors to patients' postconcussion symptoms. The most common treatable diagnoses included binocular vision dysfunction (76%), anxiety, (57.7%), depression (44.2%), new or change in refractive error (21.7%), myofascial pain syndrome (19.2%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (17.5%).

Conclusions:
Patients seen in a MDCC setting receive a high number of treatable diagnoses that are potentially related to patients' PCS symptoms. The MDCC approach may (1) increase access to interventions for PCS-related impairments, such as visual rehabilitation, physical therapy, and psychological counseling; (2) provide patients with coordinated medical care across specialties; and (3) hasten recovery from PCS.
Would Women With Solid Organ Transplant Qualify for Triennial Cervical Cancer Screening as Recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2016 and American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology in 2019?
Authors: Long Margaret E. , Chantigian Paula D. M. , Weaver Amy L. 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the applicability and safety of cervical cancer screening guidelines recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2016) and American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (2019) for women with solid organ transplants (SOTs).

Materials and Methods
We analyzed data previously abstracted through December 2015 for 971 women (18–60 y) who received their first SOT at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) from January 17, 1995, through December 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria were initial benign findings on cervical cytology after SOT and at least 1 subsequent cytologic screening.

Results
Of 415 women whose initial cytologic findings were benign, 310 met inclusion criteria. The cumulative incidence of abnormal cervical cytology among these 310 women was 4.3% (95% CI = 1.9%–6.7%) by 30 months and 11.2% (95% CI = 7.1%–15.4%) by 60 months after their initial benign results. Considering all women with SOT, 68.4% (284/415) had no documented abnormal cytologic findings within 60 months (26 had abnormality; 284 no abnormality; and 105 not assessed). In women with negative tests for human papillomavirus, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions were not documented on cytology with variable duration of follow-up. No cervical squamous cell carcinoma was identified.

Conclusions
Of women with initial benign cervical cytology after SOT, more than two thirds would have been eligible for extended-interval screening. Further study is needed, particularly regarding the role of high-risk human papillomavirus testing.
Criminal Justice Involvement and Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Results Among Women in an Urban Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Jodry Dominique , Blemur Danielle , Nguyen Minh Ly , Kuhn Theresa , Easley Kirk , Wang Heqiong , Ramaswamy Megha , Birdsong George , Kohut Adrian , Manobianco Brittany , Flowers Lisa 
Published: February 2021

Objective
The aim of the study was to elucidate the risk factors underlying abnormal cytology-based cervical cancer screening (Pap testing) in justice-involved women (JIW) compared with non-JIW in an urban safety net hospital.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of women with a history of correctional involvement who received care at Grady Health System between 2010 and 2018 and had a Pap test was performed (n = 191). An age-matched cohort of women with no correctional involvement and had a Pap test at Grady served as the control (n = 394). Variables of interest were age, HIV, smoking, race, mental health history, and history of incarceration. Outcomes of interests were rate of abnormal Pap tests and follow-up. χ2 and logistic regression models evaluated associations between the variables of interest and outcomes.

Results
Rates of abnormal Pap tests were significantly higher in JIW (35.6%) than controls (18.5%, p < .0001). Compared with controls, JIW were significantly more likely to have high-grade cervical cytology (odds ratio [OR] = 3.89, p < .0005) and be lost to gynecologic follow-up (OR = 8.75, p < .0001) and a history of severe mental illness (29.5% vs 4.3%, p < .0001). Those with abnormal Pap tests were likely to be HIV-positive (OR = 20.7, p < .001) and have a history of incarceration (OR = 2.33, p < .001). Predictors of high-grade Pap test were smoking history (OR = 0.16, p = .014), HIV-positive (OR = 3.66, p = .025), and history of incarceration (OR = 3.96, p < .0005).

Conclusions
Justice-involved women represent a high-risk subpopulation with significantly increased rates of high-grade cytology and lost to follow-up. This underscores the need for attention to screening programs and follow-up interventions for JIW.
Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patulous Eustachian Tube
Authors: Masuda Masatsugu , Morita Masahiro , Matsuda Takehiro , Nakamura Takehiro , Matsumoto Jobu , Miyama Yoshiko , Kasakura-Kimura Natsuko , Kohno Naoyuki , Saito Koichiro 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To investigate whether the long-term presence of a patulous Eustachian tube (PET) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Ears (n = 100) were classified into two groups based on duration of PET symptom(s), i.e., Short (≤3 mo; n = 47 ears) and Long (≥48 mo; n = 53 ears). Contralateral ears without PET (n = 28 ears) were classified as the Contralateral group.

Main Outcome Measures:
We used ISO 7029 to calculate the hearing thresholds of an age- and sex-matched population at a given frequency. Hearing loss was defined as >25% of these calculated values.

Results:
At 4 kHz, the Long PET group showed a higher prevalence of hearing loss (47%) at 4 kHz than did the Contralateral (21%) and Short PET (19%) groups (p = 0.0280 and 0.0043, respectively). Ears with breathing autophony or a sonotubometric low probe tone level showed a higher prevalence of hearing loss at 4 kHz than those without this symptom or with a high probe tone level (p = 0.0329 or 0.0103, respectively). At low frequencies, ≥89% of the ears in all groups showed mild hearing loss.

Conclusion:
Chronic PET was associated with SNHL at 4 kHz. PET patients showed low-frequency hearing loss regardless of disease duration. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of SNHL in patients with PET.
Gender Prevalence and Trends in Otology and Neurotology Publications
Authors: Schauwecker Natalie , Kaplan Alyson , Hunter Jacob B. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To assess otology and neurotology authorship by gender, subject, and country of origin from 2000 to 2019.

Study Design:
Retrospective review of otology and neurotology publications in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 from 10 prominent journals within otolaryngology.

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographics for first through third and final authors, including gender, degree, coauthorship, as well as number of authors, subject matter, and region of origin for each publication.

Results:
A total of 4,411 neurotology articles published in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were analyzed. During the study period, the proportion of female authors increased from 22.3% in 2000 to 33.9% in 2019 (p < 0.0001). However, authorship position analysis demonstrated no increase in final female authorship (22.5% in 2019, from 19.4% in 2000, p = 0.112). Geographic region analysis demonstrated a similar overall global trend toward an increase in female authors. When considering author gender by position, North America, the Middle East, and Africa failed to demonstrate significant increasing trends for female final authors. Female final authors were also significantly less likely to have medical degrees than final male authors, (37.4% versus 78.6%, respectfully, p =  < 0.0001). Finally, women published more often within the subjects of pediatrics and audiology (46.5% and 37.3% of final authors, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Female authorship in otology and neurotology has increased globally. With the predominant number of articles originating from North America, and articles originating from North America failing to demonstrate an increase in female final authorship, overall, final female authorship did not change during the study period.

Professional Practice Gap and Educational Need:
There is no comprehensive study exploring gender distribution within only the specialty of otology and neurotology. While it is known that more women are becoming otolaryngologists, it is unknown if this increase is reflected in otology and neurotology publications, domestically and internationally.

Learning Objective:
To understand if gender biases and/or differences exist within otology and neurotology publications.

Desired Result:
Identify trends in otology and neurotology publications to address particular barriers to female publication within the field.
Further Evidence for the Expansion of Adult Cochlear Implant Candidacy Criteria
Authors: Perkins Elizabeth , Dietrich Mary S. , Manzoor Nauman , O’Malley Matthew , Bennett Marc , Rivas Alejandro , Haynes David , Labadie Robert , Gifford René 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
1) To complete a follow-up investigation of postoperative outcomes for adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients scoring ≥30% Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) preoperatively, and 2) to describe the postoperative performance trajectory for this group of higher performing patients.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
One hundred four (105 ears) postlingually deafened adults who scored ≥30% CNC word recognition in the ear to be implanted preoperatively.

Interventions:
One hundred four subjects underwent cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Pre- and postoperative CNC word scores and AzBio sentences in quiet and noise in the ear to be implanted as well as the bilateral-aided condition pre-CI and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-CI.

Results:
Statistically significant improvement was demonstrated for CNC and AzBio sentences in quiet and noise for the CI alone and bilateral listening conditions. Most improvement was demonstrated by 6-months postoperatively (p < 0.001) with the exception of AzBio sentences in noise demonstrating improvement within 3 months (p < 0.001). For patients with preop CNC scores up to 40% (n = 57), all recipients demonstrated either equivocal (n = 17) or statistically significant improvement (n = 40) for CNC word recognition in the CI-alone condition and none demonstrated a significant decrement in the bilateral condition. For patients with preop CNC scores >40% (n = 47, 48 ears), 89.3% (42 patients) demonstrated either equivocal (n = 24, 50%) or statistically significant improvement (n = 19, 39.6%) for CNC word recognition in the CI-only condition and none demonstrated a significant decrement in the bilateral condition.

Conclusions:
CI candidates with preoperative CNC word scores higher than conventional CI recipients derive statistically significant benefit from cochlear implantation for both the CI ear and best-aided condition. These data provide further support for the expansion of adult CI candidacy up to at least 40% CNC word recognition preoperatively with consideration given to further expansion possibly up to 60%.
Dilatation of the Endolymphatic Space in the Ampulla of the Posterior Semicircular Canal: A New Clinical Finding Detected on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Morioka Masaru , Sugimoto Satofumi , Yoshida Tadao , Teranishi Masaaki , Kobayashi Masumi , Nishio Naoki , Katayama Naomi , Naganawa Shinji , Sone Michihiko 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
To investigate the clinical features of ears with dilatation of the endolymphatic space in the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal on magnetic resonance imaging.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
A university hospital.

Methods:
This study included 1,842 ears from 934 patients who underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium to investigate the presence of endolymphatic hydrops. Age, sex distribution, hearing thresholds on pure-tone audiometry, and vestibular symptoms were compared between cases of unilateral and bilateral dilatation of the endolymphatic space in the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal.

Results:
Forty-eight ears (17 men and 14 women; mean age 49.9 yrs) showed dilatation of the endolymphatic space in the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal. Age and the rate of chronic sensorineural hearing loss were significantly higher in the unilateral group (14 ears) than in the bilateral group (34 ears). The average hearing thresholds and rates of vestibular symptoms reported did not differ between unilateral and bilateral cases, but some patients showed positional nystagmus.

Conclusions:
Dilatation of the endolymphatic space in the ampulla was observed selectively in the posterior semicircular canal, though its pathogenesis was not clear. Such dilatation is not usually accompanied by vestibular endolymphatic hydrops, and it may be a cause of vertigo and dizziness.
Imbalance Associated With Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Adult Cancer Survivors: A Clinical Study
Authors: Prayuenyong Pattarawadee , Kasbekar Anand V. , Hall Deborah A. , Hennig Ivo , Anand Anjana , Baguley David M. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
This study investigated balance problems and vestibular function in adult cancer survivors who had completed cisplatin chemotherapy treatment.

Study Design:
Observational cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Tertiary care center.

Patients:
Adult survivors of cancer who had completed cisplatin treatment.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patient-reported balance symptoms were evaluated by a semistructured clinical interview. Patients underwent bedside clinical tests including Dynamic Visual Acuity test, Modified Clinical Testing of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB-m), and vibration sense testing to detect peripheral neuropathy. The video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) of all semicircular canals was performed.

Results:
Eleven of 65 patients (17%) reported some balance symptoms after cisplatin therapy, including vertigo, dizziness, unsteadiness, and falls. Vertigo was the most common balance symptom, reported by six patients (9.2%), and the clinical histories of these patients were consistent with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Three patients (5%) had abnormal results of the CTSIB-m test, and they were the same patients who reported falls. There was a significant association of peripheral neuropathy detected by vibration test and balance symptoms. All patients had normal vHIT results in all semicircular canals.

Conclusions:
Balance symptoms after cisplatin treatment occurred in 17% of adult cancer survivors. Patients with peripheral neuropathy were more likely to have balance symptoms. The CTSIB-m test is a useful bedside physical examination to identify patients with a high risk of fall. Though there was no vestibular dysfunction detected by the vHIT in cancer survivors after cisplatin therapy, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was relatively prevalent in this group of patients.
Towards Providing an Automated Approach to Differentiating the Nystagmus of Ménière's Disease, Vestibular Migraine, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Phillips John S. , Newman Jacob , Cox Stephen 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The diagnosis of vertigo is challenging, particularly as patients usually present while asymptomatic. We have developed an ambulatory medical device that allows vestibular telemetry to record eye movements over a 30-day period to aid the diagnosis of vertigo. We have undertaken proof-of-concept work to identify unique properties of nystagmus that could be used to differentiate between three of the most common causes of vertigo: Ménière's disease, vestibular migraine, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

Patients:
We analyze the nystagmus from patients with a diagnosis of Ménière's disease, vestibular migraine, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

Intervention(s):
Our vestibular telemetry system includes a wearable, ambulatory monitor which continuously records horizontal and vertical eye-movements, as well as three-axis movements of the head.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Horizontal and vertical eye-movement data, and three-axis head positioning data.

Results:
Sixteen participants were enrolled onto the study and three reported experiencing rotatory vertigo during their 30-day trial, confirmed by the presence of nystagmus in their eye-movement traces. Vestibular telemetry revealed distinct differences between the nystagmus produced during an acute Ménière's attack, and attacks of vestibular migraine and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Attack frequency, nystagmus duration, whether the nystagmus onset was motion provoked, nystagmus direction, slow phase velocity, and slow phase duration were found to be discriminatory features that could be exploited to allow an automated diagnosis to be made.

Conclusions:
The data provided by vestibular telemetry can be used to differentiate between different inner-ear causes of dizziness.
Intraoperative Auditory Brainstem Response Results Predict Delayed Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Middle Cranial Fossa Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Welch Christopher M. , Mannarelli Gregory , Koehler Lindsey , Telian Steven A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
To identify intraoperative neurophysiologic measures predictive of delayed progressive sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear after a middle fossa approach (MCF) for resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Academic, tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Subjects with vestibular schwannoma who underwent a MCF microsurgical resection of VS were analyzed for individuals whose hearing was initially preserved but subsequently developed progressive sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear. Thirty-seven patients were identified for whom audiologic and neurophysiologic data was available.

Intervention:
Intraoperative neurophysiologic changes will correlate with delayed sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear.

Main Outcome Measures:
Audiometric evaluations, intraoperative electrocochleography (ECoG), and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures.

Results:
Twenty-five subjects experienced stable hearing or hearing loss in the operative ear comparable to the contralateral ear. Twelve subjects suffered a significant increase in the hearing asymmetry between ears. Deterioration in the amplitude of wave V of the ABR persisting at the close of tumor resection correlated with delayed sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear (p 0.02, 5% mean improvement in the stable hearing group, versus a 14% decline with progressive asymmetry), but changes in ECoG or other auditory brainstem response parameters (p > 0.05) were not predictive.

Conclusions:
Persisting amplitude reduction of wave V of the intraoperative ABR best correlates with delayed progressive sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear. Neither persistent changes in ECoG, other ABR parameters, nor transient changes, correlated with delayed progressive sensorineural hearing loss in the operative ear.