bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reconstructed Cu2P2O7 Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Products
Authors: Sang Jiaqi , Wei Pengfei , Liu Tianfu , Lv Houfu , Ni Xingming , Gao Dunfeng , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Hefei , Zang Yipeng , Yang Fan , Liu Zhi , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over Cu‐based catalysts shows great potential for converting CO2 into multicarbon (C2+) fuels and chemicals. Herein, we introduce an A2M2O7 structure into a Cu‐based catalyst through a solid‐state reaction synthesis method. The Cu2P2O7 catalyst is electrochemically reduced to metallic Cu with a significant structure evolution from grain aggregates to highly porous structure under CO2RR conditions. The reconstructed Cu2P2O7 catalyst achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 73.6 % for C2+ products at an applied current density of 350 mA cm−2, remarkably higher than the CuO counterparts. The reconstructed Cu2P2O7 catalyst has a high electrochemically active surface area, abundant defects, and low‐coordinated sites. In situ Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that CO adsorption with bridge and atop configurations is largely improved on Cu with defects and low‐coordinated sites, which decreased the energy barrier of the C−C coupling reaction for C2+ products.
Preparation of a novel melamine foam structure and properties
Authors: Yan Chao , Luo Ye‐Jun , Zhang Wen‐Ge , Zhu Zi‐Fan , Li Pei‐Ying , Li Nian , Chen Yu‐Fang , Jin Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMelamine foam is widely used in daily life and building materials due to its superior flame retardancy properties, thermal insulating effects, smoke suppressive ability, low toxicity, and sound absorption properties. To increase the practicality of melamine foam, most research has focused on extending resin storage duration and preparing low‐toxic, high‐strength foam. In this study, allyl glycidyl ether was used to modify melamine resin, and the modified resin was able to demonstrate a longer storage duration as compared to the conventional resins, and the storage time for the modified resin has exceeded 90 days, and a low free formaldehyde content (0.05 ppm). Furthermore, the as‐prepared foam exhibited excellent flame retardancy properties (limiting oxygen index [LOI] = 38.5%, it could easily pass the UL‐94‐0 grade), low‐volume water absorption (0.94%), and lower thermal conductivity (0.0225 W·m−1·K−1). Concurrently, the foam prepared based on the optimal conditions possessed a high compressive strength of 5.08 MPa, which was ca. 17.5 times higher than that of the conventional melamine foam. Thus, it is expected that this melamine resin modification approach can provide a new approach for the preparation of high‐performing foams.
Evaluation of the Correlation between Porphyrin Accumulation in Cancer Cells and Functional Porphyrin Positions of the Phenyl Group
Authors: Tojo Toshifumi , Niiuchi Ayano , Kondo Takeshi , Yuasa Makoto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPorphyrin selectively shows tumour accumulation and has attracted attention as a carrier molecule for drug delivery systems (DDS). Porphyrin has two functional sites termed the meso‐ and β‐positions. In previous work, meso‐porphyrin derivatives with an alkyl group were found to exhibit greater accumulation in human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7). To identify the correlation between porphyrin accumulation and functional porphyrin positions of other functional groups, the accumulation of porphyrin derivatives with a phenyl group was investigated. The β‐porphyrin derivative with a phenyl group showed higher accumulation in MCF‐7 cells and greater affinity for albumin than the meso‐porphyrin derivative. The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the β‐porphyrin derivative with a phenyl group had higher planarity across the total structure than the meso‐porphyrin derivative. It was concluded that the greater planarity of the β‐porphyrin derivative with a phenyl group might lead to superior MCF‐7 cell accumulation.
Halogen‐Bonded Co‐Crystals Containing Mono‐ and Dinuclear Metal‐Organic Units: Three‐Component One‐Pot Mechanosynthesis, Structural Analysis and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lisac Katarina , Cepić Sara , Herak Mirta , Cinčić Dominik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe provide a systematic investigation of three‐component one‐pot mechanochemical reactions which combine the formation of coordination bonds and halogen bonds to obtain crystal structures based on halogen‐bonded metal‐organic units. Grinding CuCl2 ⋅ 2H2O or CuCl2, 2‐benzoylpyridine (bzpy) and perfluorinated iodobenzenes as halogen bond donors in different stoichiometric ratios has shown that one‐pot mechanosynthesis is a useful approach in the preparation of halogen‐bonded co‐crystals containing mononuclear or dinuclear copper(II) complexes as halogen bond acceptors. This study has yielded a series of seven new co‐crystals: five co‐crystals containing the mononuclear complex [CuCl2(bzpy)2] and two co‐crystals containing the dinuclear complex [Cu2Cl4(bzpy)2]. All solid products were also obtained by crystallization from the solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed that the co‐crystals display different crystal packing governed by Cu−Cl⋯I halogen bonds. Magnetization measurements revealed that all co‐crystals are paramagnetic in the entire measured temperature range.
Acceleration by Double Activation Catalysis and its Negation with Rising Temperature in Hydrolysis of Cellobiose with Phthalic and Hydrochloric Acids
Authors: Tarabanko Nikolay , Golubkov Viktor A. , Sychev Valentin V. , Tarabanko Valery E. , Taran Oxana P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDouble activation catalysis was experimentally observed in hydrolysis of cellobiose catalyzed simultaneously with phthalic and hydrochloric acids, confirming earlier theoretical prediction known from literature. Both acids can catalyze the reaction individually, and contribution of the double‐activation pathway to the total reaction rate declines as temperature increases. In fact, above a certain temperature, the hydrolysis rate in presence of both acids becomes lower than the sum of the rates for the two acids acting individually. A kinetic model is proposed to explain this transition between double‐activated catalysis and inhibition. The trend of declining contribution of cooperative catalytic pathway with rising temperature is theorized to be generally applicable for any reaction with a pathway involving simultaneous action of two catalysts when either of them can individually catalyze the reaction.
Features of Inflammatory Heart Reactions Following mRNA COVID‐19 Vaccination at a Global Level
Authors: Chouchana Laurent , Blet Alice , Al‐Khalaf Mohammad , Kafil Tahir S. , Nair Girish , Robblee James , Drici Milou‐Daniel , Valnet‐Rabier Marie‐Blanche , Micallef Joëlle , Salvo Francesco , Treluyer Jean‐Marc , Liu Peter P. 
Published: December 2021

Myocarditis and pericarditis may constitute adverse reactions of mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines. This study aimed to document these reactions and to assess the association with patient sex and age. This is as an observational retrospective study using a case–non‐case design (also called disproportionality study) on inflammatory heart reactions reported with mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines within the World Health Organization (WHO) global safety database (VigiBase), up to June 30, 2021. Results are expressed using reporting odds ratios (RORs) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Of 716,576 reports related to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, 2,277 were cases of inflammatory heart reactions, including 1241 (55%) myocarditis and 851 (37%) pericarditis. The main age group was 18–29 years (704, 31%), and mostly male patients (1,555, 68%). Pericarditis onset was delayed compared with myocarditis with a median time to onset of 8 (3–21) vs. 3 (2–6) days, respectively (P = 0.001). Regarding myocarditis, an important disproportionate reporting was observed in adolescents (ROR, 22.3, 95% CI 19.2–25.9) and in 18–29 years old (ROR, 6.6, 95% CI 5.9–7.5) compared with older patients, as well as in male patients (ROR, 9.4, 95% CI 8.3–10.6). Reporting rate of myocarditis was increased in young adults and adolescents. Inflammatory heart reactions may rarely occur shortly following mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination. Although an important disproportionate reporting of myocarditis was observed among adolescents and young adults, particularly in male patients, reporting rates support a very rare risk, that does not seem to compromise the largely positive benefit‐risk balance of these vaccines. Furthermore, this study confirmed the value of disproportionality analyses for estimation of relative risks among subgroups of patients.
External Magnetic Field Driven, Ambidextrous Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence from Organic Light Emitting Diodes Containing Racemic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Hara Kengo , Morimoto Ami , Matsudaira Kana , Suzuki Satoko , Yagi Shigeyuki , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis work reports the development of external magnetic field (EMF) driven, ambidextrous, circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) devices, by embedding racemic mixtures of phosphorescent organoiridium(III) emitters in the active emitting layer. Homoleptic tris‐cyclometalated Ir(III)(ppy)3 and heteroleptic bis‐cyclometalated Ir(III)(ppy)2(acac) (ppy=2‐phenylpyridinate, acac=acetylacetonate) were used as the representative organoiridium(III) compounds. Chiroptical inversion of CPEL was influenced by the ligand environment in the Ir(III) complexes (homoleptic or heteroleptic), as well as the Faraday geometry.
Biological inspired self‐organized secure autonomous routing protocol and secured data assured routing in WSN: Hybrid EHO and MBO approach
Authors: Niranjana G. , Poongodai A. , Soujanya K. L. S. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryNowadays, the telecommunication system has attained remarkable growth, especially wireless sensor network (WSN) based on the development of various electronic devices. WSN signals are not so much solid. Here, the routers are utilized to work appropriately. Wireless networks have low expenses and are simple to install. But the major challenge concerns with providing secure data transmission via the wireless network, because the data are attacked by the hackers and also the parts of information can be stolen during transmission. In this manuscript, a biological inspired self‐organized secure autonomous routing protocol (BIOSARP) and secured data assured routing (SDAR) in WSN by means of combined elephant herding optimization (EHO) and migrating birds optimization (MBO) approach is proposed to the dynamic security of data via WSN. The BIOSARP by means of Clan updating operator in EHO so as to locate the optimal route and SDAR is advanced by updating the trust level to locate a trustworthy neighbour by means of path discovery approach of MBO algorithm. The proposed approach is executed in network simulator 2 (NS‐2) software. The experimental outcomes are analyzed using some performance evaluating metrics like delivery ratio (DR), energy consumption (EC), packet overhead (PO), and accuracy. Finally, the experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other conventional approaches like BIOSARP‐SRTLD and BIOSARP by providing better packet DR, EC, PO, and accuracy.
Low prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies among endoscopists and their assistants in a university hospital in Tochigi prefecture–A single‐center study
Authors: Miura Kouichi , Maeda Hiroshi , Arai Naoshi , Sekiya Mariko , Miyano Akihiro , Watanabe Masako , Sunada Keijiro , Hagiwara Koichi , Morisawa Yuji , Yamada Toshiyuki , Sata Naohiro , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Nagai Ryozo , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesGastrointestinal endoscopic procedures have a risk to transmit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) through aerosols. Little information is available on the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCWs) in endoscopy units. Thus, the seroprevalence was examined in HCWs who do and do not participate in gastrointestinal endoscopy.MethodsA total of 382 HCWs at Jichi Medical University Hospital were enrolled in this study through March 2021. Among 382 HCWs, 63 are in the endoscopy unit. Serum antibody levels against SARS‐CoV‐2 were determined by immunochromatography, chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), electric CLIA (ECLIA), and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). HCWs in the endoscopy unit underwent testing up to three times. We defined antibody‐positive as when at least one test was positive.ResultsThe seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in 63 HCWs in the endoscopy unit was 0%–1.9%, 0%–1.7%, and 0%–1.7% during the first (Ap–May 2020), second (Jun–Nov 2020), and third intervals (Dec 2020–Mar 2021), respectively. This seroprevalence was comparable to that of other HCWs not involved with gastrointestinal endoscopy. Two HCWs in the endoscopy unit were positive for antibodies: one was ECLIA‐positive and the another was CMIA‐positive. The ECLIA‐positive HCW was PCR negative and converted to negative for the second and third tests. Another HCW was CMIA‐positive at all three evaluations and the titers were unchanged. No HCWs in the endoscopy unit contracted a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was low among HCWs in the endoscopy unit through March 2021 (UMIN000039997).
Niche dynamics of Memecylon in Sri Lanka: Distribution patterns, climate change effects, and conservation priorities
Authors: Amarasinghe Prabha , Barve Narayani , Kathriarachchi Hashendra , Loiselle Bette , Cellinese Nico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent climate projections have shown that the distribution of organisms in island biotas is highly affected by climate change. Here, we present the result of the analysis of niche dynamics of a plant group, Memecylon, in Sri Lanka, an island, using species occurrences and climate data. We aim to determine which climate variables explain current distribution, model how climate change impacts the availability of suitable habitat for Memecylon, and determine conservation priority areas for Sri Lankan Memecylon. We used georeferenced occurrence data of Sri Lankan Memecylon to develop ecological niche models and assess both current and future potential distributions under six climate change scenarios in 2041–2060 and 2061–2080. We also overlaid land cover and protected area maps and performed a gap analysis to understand the impacts of land‐cover changes on Memecylon distributions and propose new areas for conservation. Differences among suitable habitats of Memecylon were found to be related to patterns of endemism. Under varying future climate scenarios, endemic groups were predicted to experience habitat shifts, gains, or losses. The narrow endemic Memecylon restricted to the montane zone were predicted to be the most impacted by climate change. Projections also indicated that changes in species’ habitats can be expected as early as 2041–2060. Gap analysis showed that while narrow endemic categories are considerably protected as demonstrated by their overlap with protected areas, more conservation efforts in Sri Lankan forests containing wide endemic and nonendemic Memecylon are needed. This research helped clarify general patterns of responses of Sri Lankan Memecylon to global climate change. Data from this study are useful for designing measures aimed at filling the gaps in forest conservation on this island.
The clinical profile and associated mortality in people with and without diabetes with Coronavirus disease 2019 on admission to acute hospital services
Authors: Gokhale Krishna , Mostafa Samiul A. , Wang Jingya , Tahrani Abd A. , Sainsbury Christopher Andrew , Toulis Konstantinos A. , Thomas G. Neil , Hassan‐Smith Zaki , Sapey Elizabeth , Gallier Suzy , Adderley Nicola Jaime , Narendran Parth , Bellary Srikanth , Taverner Tom , Ghosh Sandip , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Hanif Wasim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo assess if in adults with COVID‐19, whether those with diabetes and complications (DM+C) present with a more severe clinical profile and if that relates to increased mortality, compared to those with diabetes with no complications (DM‐NC) and those without diabetes.MethodsService‐level data was used from 996 adults with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 who presented to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, UK, from March to June 2020. All individuals were categorized into DM+C, DM‐NC, and non‐diabetes groups. Physiological and laboratory measurements in the first 5 days after admission were collated and compared among groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations between diabetes status and the risk of mortality.ResultsAmong the 996 individuals, 104 (10.4%) were DM+C, 295 (29.6%) DM‐NC and 597 (59.9%) non‐diabetes. There were 309 (31.0%) in‐hospital deaths documented, 40 (4.0% of total cohort) were DM+C, 99 (9.9%) DM‐NC and 170 (17.0%) non‐diabetes. Individuals with DM+C were more likely to present with high anion gap/metabolic acidosis, features of renal impairment, and low albumin/lymphocyte count than those with DM‐NC or those without diabetes. There was no significant difference in mortality rates among the groups: compared to individuals without diabetes, the adjusted HRs were 1.39 (95% CI 0.95–2.03, p = 0.093) and 1.18 (95% CI 0.90–1.54, p = 0.226) in DM+C and DM‐C, respectively.ConclusionsThose with COVID‐19 and DM+C presented with a more severe clinical and biochemical profile, but this did not associate with increased mortality in this study.
An comparison of acute toxicities and patient‐reported outcomes between intensity‐modulated proton therapy and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy after ipsilateral radiation for head and neck cancers
Authors: Jeans Elizabeth B. , Shiraishi Satomi , Manzar Gohar , Morris Lindsay K. , Amundson Adam , McGee Lisa A. , Rwigema Jean‐Claude , Neben‐Wittich Michelle , Routman David M. , Ma Daniel J. , Patel Samir H. , Foote Robert L. , Lester Scott C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) demonstrates superior dose distribution over volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for sparing organs‐at‐risk (OARs) in ipsilateral radiotherapy. To determine a clinical benefit, assessment of patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) and physician‐reported toxicities alongside a dosimetric analysis is needed.METHODSPlans were analyzed for dosimetric differences. PROs were compared for patients undergoing ipsilateral curative‐intent radiotherapy for tonsil and salivary gland cancers with VMAT or IMPT from 2015 to 2020. Physician‐reported toxicities were compared.RESULTSIn 40 patients, IMPT was associated with decreased dose to multiple OARs and less deterioration in the following PROs: pain, swallowing function, dry mouth, sticky saliva, sensory change, cough, speech, feeling ill, and social eating. Physician‐reported toxicities demonstrated less oral pain.CONCLUSIONIMPT is associated with decreased dose to OARs and less patient‐reported acute deterioration in multiple head and neck domains. A strong consideration for IMPT in ipsilateral head and neck patients with cancer is warranted.
Severe Alcohol‐Associated Hepatitis Is Associated With Worse Survival in Critically Ill Patients With Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Peng Jennifer L. , Kaur Harleen , Worden Astin , Kettler Carla D. , Pike Francis , Buckley Caitriona A. , Orman Eric S. , Desai Archita P , Nephew Lauren D. , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Gawrieh Samer , Chalasani Naga , Ghabril Marwan S. 
Published: December 2021

Differences in mortality between critically ill patients with severe alcohol‐associated hepatitis (sAH) and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and non‐sAH ACLF (i.e., ACLF not precipitated by sAH) are unknown. Such differences are important, as they may inform on prognosis and optimal timing of liver transplantation (LT). Thus, we aimed to compare short‐term and longer‐term mortality between patients with sAH ACLF and patients with non‐sAH ACLF who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients with ACLF admitted from 2016‐2018 at two tertiary care intensive care units were analyzed. SAH was defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s Alcoholic Hepatitis Consortium and Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score >20. Mortality without LT was compared between sAH ACLF and non‐sAH ACLF using Fine and Gray’s competing‐risks regression. A total of 463 patients with ACLF (18% sAH and 82% non‐sAH) were included. Compared to patients with non‐sAH ACLF, patients with sAH ACLF were younger (49 vs. 56 years; P < 0.001) and had higher admission Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (35 vs. 25; P < 0.001) and Chronic Liver Failure Consortium (CLIF‐C) scores (61 vs. 57; P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between the two groups for vasopressor, mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis use. The cumulative incidence of death was significantly higher in patients with sAH ACLF compared to patients with non‐sAH ACLF: 30‐day 74.7% versus 45.3%; 90‐day 81.9% versus 57.4%; 180‐day 83.2% versus 63.0% (unadjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44‐2.46]; P < 0.001). After adjusting for CLIF‐C score and infection in a multivariable competing‐risk model, patients with sAH ACLF had significantly higher risk of death (sHR 1.57 [95% CI 1.20‐2.06]; P = 0.001) compared to patients with non‐sAH ACLF. Conclusion: Critically ill patients with sAH ACLF have worse mortality compared to patients with non‐sAH ACLF. These data may inform prognosis in patients with sAH and ACLF, and early LT referral in potentially eligible patients.
Second wave of COVID‐19 in Nigeria: Lessons from the first wave
Authors: Okereke Melody , Fortune Effiong , Peter Adebiyi Oluwasina , Ukor Nelson Ashinedu , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic struck the world unawares. The virus is now spreading as never before, despite the initial progress recorded by several countries towards kerbing the pandemic. As the pandemic continues to spread across Africa, there is a need for countries in the continent to re‐evaluate, re‐strategise, and re‐invigorate their COVID‐19 responses and efforts based on lessons from the first wave, and Nigeria is no exception. Before the second wave was officially announced by the health authorities on 17 December 2020, there were 78,434 confirmed cases and 1221 deaths reported with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.6%. To ensure that Nigeria achieves total pandemic control and reacts better given the possibility of a second wave, we propose workable recommendations to strengthen our preparedness and readiness efforts. Here, we argue that lessons learnt from the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic can help Nigeria better react to the second wave.