bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Libre concurrence et reconnaissance judiciaire de la notoriété de la marque
Authors: Noblot Cyril 
Published: December 2021

A l’aune du principe de libre concurrence et en prenant le marché viticole comme principal périmètre d’observation, la reconnaissance judiciaire de la notoriété (ou renommée) de la marque d’où résulte un surcroît de protection pour son titulaire, apparaît comme ayant un caractère exceptionnel, dont on peut prendre la mesure d’une double façon.
Au plan probatoire d’abord, en considérant le contraste entre les exigences pesantes pour le demandeur cherchant à prouver la renommée de sa marque à titre offensif et les exigences allégées pour le défendeur qui soulève la propre renommée de sa marque à titre défensif.
Au plan substantiel par ailleurs, en songeant à la technique des standards qui permet au juge, spécialement à travers une conception exigeante du « consommateur moyen » et une variété des « justes motifs », d’avoir les coudées relativement franches pour contraindre le titulaire de la marque renommée à coexister avec d’autres marques.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU UNTUK MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI METODE BIMBINGAN SIMULASI
Authors: Suparmin Suparmin 
Published: December 2021

Penugasan guru untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar dan hasil prestasi belajar siswa dalam rangka pencapaian tujuan pendidikan merupakan tanggung jawab kepala sekolah. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan supervisi setiap guru dan ditemukan bahwa guru pasif dalam menggunakan alat peraga dan diperbanyak tanya jawab lisan serta mengerjakan soal latihan pada lembar kerja siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan alat peraga melalui bimbingan simulasi. Penelitian tindakan sekolah dengan dua siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi. Pelaksanaan setiap siklusnya terdiri dari tiga pertemuan yang dilakukan lewat bimbingan simulasi dan dengan partisipan penelitian delapan guru. Hasil nilai kemampuan guru menggunakan alat peraga terendah kategori E naik pada siklus I dan naik lagi pada siklus II menjadi kategori C. Untuk nilai tertinggi kondisi awal kategori D naik pada siklus I menjadi kategori B dan naik lagi pada siklus II naik menjadi kategori A. Untuk nilai rata-rata kondisi awal kategori E naik pada siklus I menjadi kategori C dan naik lagi pada siklus II menjadi rerata kategori B. Indikator kinerja pada kondisi awal rata-rata mencapai klasifikasi E, kondisi hasil siklus I indikator kinerja rerata meningkat mencapai klasifikasi C, dan kondisi hasil siklus II indikator kinerja dengan rerata mencapai klasifikasi B, Terjadi peningkatan dari kondisi awal sampai siklus II sebesar 3,4 – 1,73 = 1,67. Data empirik hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui bimbingan simulasi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru menggunakan alat peraga dalam pembelajaran sekolah tersebut.
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization with High-Resolution Logging-While-Drilling Dual-Images in Oil-Based Mud
Authors: Yang Shiduo , Brill Thilo M. , Abellan Alexandre , Shrivastava Chandramani , Shasmal Sudipan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFracture evaluation and vuggy feature understanding are of prime importance in carbonate reservoirs. Commonly the related features are extracted from high resolution borehole images in water-based mud environments. To reduce the formation damage from drilling fluids, many wells are drilled with oil-based muds (OBM) in carbonate reservoirs. There are no appropriate measurements to resolve the reservoir characterization in OBM with the existing technologies in horizontal wells—especially in real-time—to make decisions at an early stage.In this paper, we would like to introduce a workflow for geological characterization using a new dual-images logging while drilling tool in oil-based mud. This new tool provides high resolution resistivity and ultrasonic images at the same time. Structural features, such as bedding boundaries, faults, fractures can be identified efficiently from resistivity images; while detailed sedimentary features, for example, cross beddings, vugs, stylolite are easily characterized using ultrasonic images. Benefiting from the dual images, an innovative workflow was proposed to estimate the vug feature more accurately; and the fractures can be identified from images and classified based on tool measurement principles.One case study from the Middle East demonstrated the benefits of this new measurement. A near well structure model was constructed from bed boundaries picked from borehole images. The fractures were picked and classified confidently using the dual images. Additionally, fracture density statistics are available along the well trajectory. The vug features were extracted efficiently, which indicates the secondary porosity development information. Rock typing is achieved by combining fracture and vug analysis to provide zonation for completion and production stimulation.The dual-images provide the capability for geological characterization in carbonate reservoir in an oil-based mud environment. The image-based rock typing helps segment the drain-hole for completion and production stimulation. The reservoir mapping with rock typing provides detailed information for in-filling well design.
Modular Construction with Geosynthetics in Petroleum Industry
Authors: Stark Timothy Dwight , Stapleton Calvin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on the use of modular construction techniques for installing geosynthetics in petroleum related applications. The petroleum industry uses geosynthetics for drill pad liners, above-ground and in-ground containment ponds, storage tanks, various impoundments including tailings storage, floating covers, road creation and/or support to remote sites, filtration, lining freshwater storage areas, dewatering, and stormwater management. Accelerating the construction of these facilities and the quality, i.e., no leaks, of the installation will have a positive impact on the financial and environmental aspects of the petroleum industry. Modular construction is a process in which a petroleum containment system is constructed primarily off-site, under controlled factory conditions, using the same design, materials, equipment, testing, and construction quality assurance and control (CQA/CQC) techniques as a field constructed facility – but usually in about one-half the time, for significantly less cost, and with few, if any, defects. This is due to the clean and constant conditions present in a factory setting. For example, installation of a factory-fabricated geomembrane can occur simultaneously while site work is being conducted. With factory fabrication, no destructive sampling and testing of the field welds that join rolls of the geomembrane are needed. As a result, a factory fabricated geomembrane can be installed in at least one-half of the time required for traditional field fabrication and with higher quality. This results in the containment system being utilized sooner, being more protective, and creating a faster return on investment.
A Fuzzy Method to Quantitatively Evaluate the Effect of Foam Deliquification in Gas Wells
Authors: Jia Min , Zhang Jianjun , Han Xiuling , Shi Junfeng , Guo Donghong , Cao Guangqiang , Li Jun , Li Nan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Yi , Liu Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deliquification is the primary technique for stabilizing gas production and improving gas recovery in gas fields producing water, and foam deliquification is the key subject of research for the purpose of enhancing gas production and cutting down cost. However, there is no systematic method to evaluate and compare the effects of foam deliquification in gas wells in various conditions. Aiming at the above problem, a new fuzzy quantitative evaluation method for foam deliquification is proposed. The method focus on four indicators, namely, rate of change in daily gas production, rate of change in daily water production, rate of change in the difference between tubing and casing pressures, and rate of change in daily injection cost. The evaluation results are calculated by the linear analysis, hierarchy analysis and fuzzy relation synthesis operator. The method has been applied to 30 foam deliquification wells in Sulige gas field and Chongqing gas field, and the comprehensive index of foam deliquification effect is calculated. The advantage of this method is that the technical and economic factors affecting foam deliquifiction, the membership relationships of various indicators, as well as the weight coefficients of the indicators are integratedly considered. It can be used for comprehensive evaluation and quantitative comparison of foam deliquification effects in gas wells in various conditions, assisting in determining candidate wells for foam deliquification, and guiding the selection of foaming agents.
Saturation and Sigma Measurements in Carbonate Formations with Multiple Pulsed Neutron Technologies: Case Study from Southeast Turkey
Authors: Bulut Coskun , Dagdeviren Halil Ibrahim , Andronache Ana-Maria Elena , Mekic Natasa , Pemper Richard R , Mohamed Said Beshry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the petrophysical analysis resulting from operation of two independent pulsed neutron logging tools in the same cased hole well. The well was primarily carbonate and included many different subsurface formations located in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey that included the Derdere, Karababa A, B, and C, Karaboğaz, Bozova, and Germav. Computing the mineralogy and saturation in these environments is challenging due to the complexity and low porosity of the formations that included mixed lithologies and organic shale.
One of the objectives of this work was to demonstrate how the spectral data from the two tools was not only consistent, but that they could be combined to create an optimal petrophysical interpretation of the lithology, detailed mineralogy, porosity, and saturation of the formations within the well. Both tools employed a pulsed neutron generator capable of emitting 2 × 108 neutrons/second into the ambient formation. One was a 4-detector, 1-11/16-inch diameter reservoir evaluation tool, and the other was a single detector, 3-1/4-inch geochemical spectroscopy tool.
In order to obtain the best possible results, a sound logging program was created that involved running the reservoir evaluation tool in 3 different modes of operation. This included the carbon/oxygen (C/O) mode, the sigma mode, and the gas mode. Stationary measurements were also obtained. The geochemical logging tool has only a single mode of operation. The resulting sigma measurements were in complete agreement. The sigma from the geochemical logging tool was corrected for the effects of diffusion. The advantage of the slim-hole reservoir evaluation tool is that the measurements from the 4th detector are diffusion-free.
Data from the 1-11/16-inch reservoir evaluation tool from the gas mode did not reveal any bypassed gas zones in the well.
Oil saturation was computed with the reservoir evaluation tool based upon three logging passes in the C/O mode. An important component of the interpretation was that it was supported by MCNP modeling that predicted the tool's response for hydrocarbon saturation. Although data from the geochemical spectroscopy tool was not used to determine saturation in this well, the resulting carbon concentration, that included kerogen as well as hydrocarbons, was completely consistent with the saturation computed from the reservoir evaluation tool.
Alternative Contracting Approaches in Current Oil and Gas Business Environment
Authors: Critzer Keith Bradford , Colbert Douglas Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a broad overview of the current state of the oil and gas engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor base following a period of challenging market conditions, subsequent owner/operator investment deferments, and the resulting financial impacts to the contractor base. These factors have caused a reduced tolerance for oil and gas volatility and a reduced appetite for lump sum contract risk. This paper identifies alternative contracting approaches to traditional competitively bid lump sum contracting. These alternative approaches result in a better understanding and assignment of risk between owner/operator and contractor, encourage continued participation by contractors in the oil and gas sector, and increase the probability of successful project outcomes.
The Evolution of Subsea Wells Plug and Abandon by the Use of Intervention Vessel
Authors: Stocchi Donatella , Zinzani Giacomo , Lazzari Andrea , Leo Giuseppe , Pasquali Paolo Giovanni , Flamminio Davide , Iolli Fabio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
During the last years, the total number of subsea wells considerably increased thanks to growing investments in the development of deep and ultra-deep water fields. At the end of their producing life, all these wells will need to be decommissioned and permanently plugged and abandoned, so the demand for technologies that will allow to fulfil this task in the respect of the regulations and at the minimum cost gained a lot of momentum.
This paper describes a permanent P&A strategy of subsea wells to be carried out with Well Intervention vessel. The study first goes through the operation sequence and available technologies, defining an abandonment approach which is in line with international standards. Identified strategy results into a significant time and cost reduction comparing with traditional subsea wells decommissioning works performed by a floater rig, even maintaining the same level of safety and effectiveness.
The study shows that the overall time reduction estimated by using an intervention vessel ranges from 40 to 55%, compared to a conventional rig-based approach, leading the wells abandonment expenditure savings up to 70%.
For all those wells where the implementation of an intervention vessel is not guaranteed, there is still room to get time and cost savings of about 5-15% by combining the same riserless technologies with a conventional floater rig.
Production Optimization Coupling Multiple Reservoirs and Facilities With Sour Gas Re-Injection for Miscible EOR in South Oman
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Pathak Varun , Agrawal Pankaj , Alias Zaal , Narwal Tushar , Hadhrami Abdullah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Effective gas utilization is critical to any gas injection development project to maximize recoveries for a given purchase of make-up gas, whilst reducing the Green Gas House (GHG) emissions. This paper describes the use of a fully implicit Integrated Production System Model (IPSM) for two inter-connected production system networks, coupling multiple, critically sour oil reservoirs undergoing Miscible Gas Injection (MGI) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) using produced sour gas from oil and condensate fields in South Oman.
The IPSM model links sixteen reservoir models with varying levels of complexities to the facilities network. Complexities in the facilities include multiple nodal constraints that necessitate the use of an Equation of State model (EOS). The IPSM model honors the gas balance implicitly. Gas flood optimization includes prioritizing low GOR production wells (at reservoir and well level) whilst maintaining reservoir pressure above Minimum Miscibility Pressures (MMP). Development schedule optimization also helps in optimizing the compressor size, the key Capex component. Compositional modeling allows continuous tracking of souring levels at different nodes, providing integrity status of overall production system network.
The current IPSM model helps in optimization of schedule for the phased development of the oil reservoirs and eventually the most efficient gas utilization. This has enabled low pressure operation in some reservoirs providing oil at very low unit technical cost while waiting for gas availability. Compositional tracking for H2S helps in operating the facilities within design limits whilst planning future developments to cater to this design. Some key parameters can be parameterized for quick sensitivity analysis for an informed decision making for business opportunities. The production potential of the system is also tracked to ensure there is a cushion in the system to deal with any unexpected changes. This feature helps in planning and optimizing the scheduled turn-around activities for these two inter-connected production system networks.
The novelty of this work is collaboration across multiple disciplines, especially the surface and subsurface because of complex interactions between facilities constraints and reservoir performance (associated with produced gas reinjection). Compositional tracking and injection gas apportionment across multiple reservoirs is key to the overall value maximization in this complex development.
A Geoengineering Approach to Maximum Reservoir Contact Wells Design: Case Study in a Carbonate Reservoir Under Water and Miscible Gas Injection
Authors: Freites Alfredo , Segura Victor , Muneeb Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Maximum Reservoir Contact wells (MRCs) are a potential alternative to reduce the number of wells required to develop hydrocarbon reservoirs, improve sweeping efficiency and delay gas and water breakthrough. The well completions design is critical for the success of MRCs. In this study we present a case study of a MRC well completion design using Limited Entry Liners (LEL) in a mature carbonate reservoir under water and miscible gas injection. We developed an integrated workflow that considered a high-resolution numerical simulation model calibrated to static and dynamic data and wellbore-reservoir models coupling, for capturing the details of the flow interaction between both systems. Flow restrictions in the form of additional pressure drops to the flow from the reservoir into the wellbore were used to simulate the effect of small open flow areas, i.e.shot densities, in the LELs. Our work allowed identifying the most likely entry points of gas and water and design the well to minimize their impact on oil production. We observe that longer lengths open to flow outweighs the detrimental effect of producing from intervals closer to the water saturated zones. We also observed that balancing the inflow profile along the wellbore did not report beneficial results to oil production as it stimulates production from the reservoir zone from which the gas breakthrough is expected (middle of the producing section); this result is particularly relevant as it shows that designing the well completions with base only on static data could lead to poor production performance. The suggested completion for the MRC well encompasses four segments; a segment covering almost 50 % of the well length and located at the middle of the producing section with a blind liner (close to flow for gas control) and the remaining three with slotted liners with enough open area as to avoid causing significant pressure drops.
Definitive Dynamic MWD Surveys Generate Rig Time Savings and Flat Time Reductions in the Middle East
Authors: Lowdon Ross , Nguyen Hiep Tien , ElGizawy Mahmoud , Victor Saback 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Wellbore surveying is a critical component of any well construction project. Understanding the position of a well in 3D space allows for the wells geological objectives to be carried out while safely avoiding other wellbores.
Wellbore surveys are generally conducted using a magnetically referenced measurement while drilling tool (MWD) and taken while static, either before, after or sometimes during the connection. The drillstring is often worked to release trapped torque and time is often taken waiting for the survey to be pumped up. All of this consumes rig time and opens the wellbore up to wellbore instability issues.
The application of definitive dynamic surveys (DDS) which are static MWD quality surveys taken while drilling and updated continuously. There is no longer a need to stop and take a static survey eliminating MWD surveying related rig time, reducing drilling risks from additional pumps off time and improving TVD accuracy and directional control.
The rig time taken for surveying with and without DDS will be compared between similar wells in the field, and detailed analysis of relative tortuosity between DDS and non-DDS wells will also be conducted. Trajectory control analysis will be reviewed by looking at the difference in the number of downlinks between DDS and no DDS wells and also the deviation from the planned trajectory. An overall analysis of on bottom ROP will be made and an analysis as to the relative differences in TVD between static and DDS survey will be carried out.
This abstract will outline the rig time and operational savings from DDS, it will detail the surveying time savings, directional control improvements, TVD placement differences to static surveys and provide costs savings as a comparison to previous similar wells. This will be outlined over a number of wells, divided by sections as the wells are batch drilled and provide an insight into the benefits of DDS on a drilling campaign. Some discussion will be made as to the efficacy of the DDS surveys and how their error model has been developed.
DDS is a unique and novel way of taking surveys while drilling, providing static MWD quality without the added rig time costs but at a much higher frequency that the typical once a stand survey program. This paper outlines the cost and process savings associated with using the DDS surveys.
Automated Geosteering Optimization Using Machine Learning
Authors: Timonov Alexey Vasilievich , Khabibullin Rinat Alfredovich , Gurbatov Nikolay Sergeevich , Shabonas Arturas Rimo , Zhuchkov Alexey Vladimirovich 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Geosteering is an important area and its quality determines the efficiency of formation drilling by horizontal wells, which directly affects the project NPV.
This paper presents the automated geosteering optimization platform which is based on live well data. The platform implements online corrections of the geological model and forecasts well performance from the target reservoir. The system prepares recommendations of the best reservoir production interval and the direction for horizontal well placements based on reservoir performance analytics.
This paper describes the stages of developing a comprehensive system using machine-learning methods, which allows multivariate calculations to refine and predict the geological model. Based on the calculations, a search for the optimal location of a horizontal well to maximize production is carried out.
The approach realized in the work takes into account many factors (some specific features of geological structure, history of field development, wells interference, etc.) and can offer optimum horizontal well placement options without performing full-scale or sector hydrodynamic simulation.
Machine learning methods (based on decision trees and neural networks) and target function optimization methods are used for geological model refinement and forecasting as well as for selection of optimum interval of well placement.
As the result of researches we have developed the complex system including modules of data verification and preprocessing, automatic inter-well correlation, optimization and target interval selection.
The system was tested while drilling hydrocarbons in the Western Siberian fields, where the developed approach showed efficiency.