bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting Student System Modelling Practice Through Curriculum and Technology Design
Authors: Bielik Tom , Stephens Lynn , McIntyre Cynthia , Damelin Daniel , Krajcik Joseph S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDeveloping and using models to make sense of phenomena or to design solutions to problems is a key science and engineering practice. Classroom use of technology-based tools can promote the development of students’ modelling practice, systems thinking, and causal reasoning by providing opportunities to develop and use models to explore phenomena. In previous work, we presented four aspects of system modelling that emerged during our development and initial testing of an online system modelling tool. In this study, we provide an in-depth examination and detailed evidence of 10th grade students engaging in those four aspects during a classroom enactment of a system modelling unit. We look at the choices students made when constructing their models, whether they described evidence and reasoning for those choices, and whether they described the behavior of their models in connection with model usefulness in explaining and making predictions about the phenomena of interest. We conclude with a set of recommendations for designing curricular materials that leverage digital tools to facilitate the iterative constructing, using, evaluating, and revising of models.
Building geopolymers for CuHe part I: thermal properties of raw materials as precursors for geopolymers
Authors: Pulidori Elena , Lluveras-Tenorio Anna , Carosi Rita , Bernazzani Luca , Duce Celia , Pagnotta Stefano , Lezzerini Marco , Barone Germana , Mazzoleni Paolo , Tiné Maria Rosaria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results obtained from the thermal analysis of a set of geomaterials (clays, pyroclastic materials, and industrial recycled materials) to be used as raw materials for the synthesis of geopolymers, specifically designed for the conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) buildings, particularly in seismic hazard zones such as Sicily. X-ray diffraction and gas volumetric analysis (calcimetry) were applied to this set of raw materials in order to characterize the materials from the chemical and structural point of view. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), TG coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize their thermal behavior. The statistical treatment of the thermogravimetric data by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis highlights the direct relation between the thermal data and the material composition that will be exploited for the selection of the best materials to obtain geopolymers specifically designed for the conservation of CH buildings.
A Method to Measure the Diffusion Coefficient in Liquids
Authors: Hamada Mayumi , de Anna Pietro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular diffusion in liquids is a key process in numerous systems: it is often the reaction rate limiting factor in biological or chemical reaction. Molecular diffusion has been recognized as the ultimate mechanism by which substances concentration get homogenized and, thus, their mixing and dilution occur. Here, we propose a novel method to directly measure the diffusion coefficientDof solutes or suspensions in liquids. Differently from current methods, as Dynamic Light Scattering or Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy, our method does not rely on previous knowledge on the fluid or tracer properties, but it is based on directly measuring the concentration spatial profile of a considered tracer with optical techniques within a diffusion chamber. We test this novel method on a sample of mono-dispersed suspension of spherical colloids for which an estimate forDcan be made based on Einstein–Stokes relation. We, then, use this technique to measure the diffusion coefficient of a non-spherical tracer. We further quantify mixing of the considered tracers in the confined domain of the diffusion chamber: we show that, since diffusion-limited mixing (quantified in terms of the dilution index) in a confined space happens faster than un-confined domain, the finite size of the diffusion chamber must be taken into account to properly estimateDand the tracer mixing degree.
Risk, Responsibility, Rudeness, and Rules: The Loneliness of the Social Distance Warrior
Authors: Shaw David M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe have a responsibility to obey COVID-19 rules, in order to minimize risk. Yet it is still seen as rude to challenge people who do not respect those rules, when in fact the opposite is true; it is rude to increase risk to others. In this paper I analyse the relationship between risk, responsibility, and rudeness by analysing the evolution of the main governmental slogans and rules and explore the complex relationship between simplicity, safety, and perceived fairness of these rules, and how these features in turn influence the extent to which we act responsibly. I begin by exploring the relationship between rudeness and risk in our interactions about coronavirus, before going on to analyse the importance of clear rules in minimizing tension between us, illustrating the argument with various slogans including “stay at home,” “stay alert,” and the now infamous “rule of six,” which is actually at least three different rules. Ultimately, we are faced with a paradox: people annoyed about complex/unfair rules are less likely to obey them, even if that means rules will apply for longer and even though it was noncompliance with earlier simpler rules that means new rules are necessary. And if rules make less or no sense it is harder to try to get people to follow them in your own capacity as a citizen; it is hard to police rules that are seen as arbitrary or unfair.
Biodegradation and Photodegradation of Vegetation-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in Tidal Marsh Ecosystems
Authors: Shelton Sydney , Neale Patrick , Pinsonneault Andrew , Tzortziou Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTidal wetlands are a significant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to coastal ecosystems, which impacts nutrient cycling, light exposure, carbon dynamics, phytoplankton activity, microbial growth, and ecosystem productivity. There is a wide variety of research on the properties and sources of DOM; however, little is known about the characteristics and degradation of DOM specifically sourced from tidal wetland plants. By conducting microbial and combined UV exposure and microbial incubation experiments of leachates from fresh and senescent plants in Chesapeake Bay wetlands, it was demonstrated that senescent material leached more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) than fresh material (77.9 ± 54.3 vs 21.6 ± 11.8 mg DOC L−1, respectively). Degradation followed an exponential decay pattern, and the senescent material averaged 50.5 ± 9.45% biodegradable DOC (%BDOC), or the loss of DOC due to microbial degradation. In comparison, the fresh material averaged a greater %BDOC (72.6 ± 19.2%). Percent remaining of absorbance (83.3 ± 26.7% for fresh, 90.1 ± 10.8% for senescent) was greater than percent remaining DOC, indicating that colored DOM is less bioavailable than non-colored material. Concentrations of DOC leached, %BDOC, and SUVA280 varied between species, indicating that the species composition of the marsh likely impacts the quantity and quality of exported DOC. Comparing the UV + microbial to the microbial only incubations did not reveal any clear effects on %BDOC but UV exposure enhanced loss of absorbance during subsequent dark incubation. These results demonstrate the impacts of senescence on the quality and concentration of DOM leached from tidal wetland plants, and that microbes combined with UV impact the degradation of this DOM differently from microbes alone.
What is a data model?
Authors: Antoniou Antonis 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany decades ago Patrick Suppes argued rather convincingly that theoretical hypotheses are not confronted with the direct, raw results of an experiment, rather, they are typically compared with models of data. What exactly is a data model however? And how do the interactions of particles at the subatomic scale give rise to the huge volumes of data that are then moulded into a polished data model? The aim of this paper is to answer these questions by presenting a detailed case study of the construction of data models at the LHCb for testing Lepton Flavour Universality in rare decays of B-mesons. The close examination of the scientific practice at the LHCb leads to the following four main conclusions: (i) raw data in their pure form are practically useless for the comparison of experimental results with theory, and processed data are in some cases epistemically more reliable, (ii) real and simulated data are involved in the co-production of the final data model and cannot be easily distinguished, (iii) theory-ladenness emerges at three different levels depending on the scope and the purpose for which background theory guides the overall experimental process and (iv) the overall process of acquiring and analysing data in high energy physics is too complicated to be fully captured by a generic methodological description of the experimental practice.
Assessment of water availability vulnerability in the Cerrado
Authors: Althoff Daniel , Rodrigues Lineu Neiva , da Silva Demetrius David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany basins in the Cerrado biome already face increases in water disputes caused by agricultural expansion without long-term planning and monitoring of natural resources. The amount and timing of water availability are crucial for the socioeconomic development of agricultural activities and climate change resilience enhancement in the Cerrado. This study relied on a dataset developed for the Cerrado to characterize its climate and current water availability status. Different climate indices and hydrological signatures were adopted to describe the energy and water budget, climate seasonality, flow magnitude, flow dynamics, and average duration of low-flow events. Risk analysis was carried out to classify the monthly risk severity and identify periods and regions under a higher pressure regarding water availability in the Cerrado. Overall, the water availability is higher in the western and southern regions and lower in the eastern and northern regions, which experience a transition to a humid and semiarid climate, respectively. The water resources in the Cerrado occur under the highest pressure in September and October. We also identified regions with the potential to increase sustainable water use. These regions exhibit a low ratio between the flow equal to or exceeded 95% of the time and the mean flow (Q95/Q), which indicates that sustainable water use may be improved with techniques related to flow regularization and rainwater/runoff harvesting.
LncRNA USP30-AS1 promotes the survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells by cis-regulating USP30 and ANKRD13A
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xu Shilin , Deng Tingfen , Zhou Ruiqing , Wang Caixia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant tumor derived from leukemia stem cells, with complicated pathogenesis. LncRNAs play an important role in tumors genesis and progression. According to results from bioinformatics analysis, lncRNA USP30-AS1 is highly expressed in AML and both the high expression of USP30-AS1 and low methylation level at Cg03124318 locus ofUSP30-AS1gene promoter are associated with poor prognosis of AML. This study knocked down and overexpressed USP30-AS1 to determine the roles in AML cell lines. High-throughput sequencing was performed to explore the genes regulated by USP30-AS1. Results showed that USP30-AS1 promoted AML cell viability and inhibited apoptosis. Genes regulated by USP30-AS1 are mainly related to genetic regulation and immune system. Among them,USP30andANKRD13Agenes are close toUSP30-AS1gene in chromosome. Knockdown of USP30, but not ANKRD13A, abolished the cancer-promoting effects of USP30-AS1. ANKRD13A recognizes Lys-63-linked polyubiquitin chain in HLA-I. USP30-AS1 induced HLA-I internalization from the cell membrane by up-regulating ANKRD13A, which might induce the immune escape of AML cells. ChIP analysis revealed that the regulatory effects of USP30-AS1 on USP30 and ANKRD13A are associated with H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac. In summary, USP30-AS1 probably promotes AML cell survival bycis-regulating USP30 and ANKRD13A.
Parentification in Polish Adolescents: a Prevalence Study
Authors: Borchet Judyta , Hooper Lisa M. , Tomek Sara , Schneider Wei S. , Dębski Maciej 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of parentification in a nationwide cross-sectional study. There wereN = 47,984 Polish adolescents aged 12–21 (M = 15.60;SD = 1.98; female 52.7%, male 47.3%). The results indicated that more adolescents experienced emotional parentification (toward parents 35.9%; toward siblings 25.2%) as compared to instrumental parentification (toward parents 7.2%; toward siblings 15.5%), which is noteworthy, since emotional parentification is the most detrimental form of parentification in USA samples. Overall, 15.5% of the participants reported a sense of injustice related to their family caregiving roles and 61.2% reported satisfaction related to their family caregiving roles. The results are important given the dearth of prevalence studies.
Generic properties of homeomorphisms preserving a given dynamical simplex
Authors: MELLERAY JULIEN 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven a dynamical simplex K on a Cantor space X, we consider the set
$G_K^*$
of all homeomorphisms of X which preserve all elements of K and have no non-trivial clopen invariant subset. Generalizing a theorem of Yingst, we prove that for a generic element g of
$G_K^*$
the set of invariant measures of g is equal to K. We also investigate when there exists a generic conjugacy class in
$G_K^*$
and prove that this happens exactly when K has only one element, which is the unique invariant measure associated to some odometer; and that in that case the conjugacy class of this odometer is generic in
$G_K^*$
.
A homotopy exact sequence for overconvergent isocrystals
Authors: Lazda Christopher , Pál Ambrus 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article we prove exactness of the homotopy sequence of overconvergent fundamental groups for a smooth and projective morphism in characteristicp. We do so by first proving a corresponding result for rigid analytic varieties in characteristic$0$, following dos Santos [dS15] in the algebraic case. In characteristicp, we then proceed by a series of reductions to the case of a liftable family of curves, where we can apply the rigid analytic result. We then use this to deduce a Lefschetz hyperplane theorem for convergent fundamental groups, as well as a comparison theorem with the étale fundamental group.
Black Feminist Rumba Pedagogies
Authors: Berry Maya J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRumba guaguancó, a sub-genre of Afro-Cuban popular dance, has been widely defined as a dance of courtship, characterized as a male pursuit of a woman's sex. The article analyzes alternative meanings of the sub-genre articulated in the pedagogical practices of black women rumba dancers. Insights were gleaned from the author's own dance training in Havana while conducting original ethnographic research between 2009 and 2018. What the author terms “a black feminist choreographic aptitude” taught by rumberas (women rumba dancers) speaks to the pointedly gendered valances of worsening racialized class inequality in contemporary Cuba. Building on Blanco Borelli's theory of “hip(g)nosis,” the article interrogates the racialized and gendered discourses historically reproduced through dominant definitions of rumba, limiting women of African descent to sexual objects. The study argues for increased critical attention to pedagogy as a hermeneutical tool, centering those subjects historically marginalized from the production of knowledge about their bodies.
Choreographing Social Change: Reflections on Dancing in Blackness
Authors: Osumare Halifu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis autoethnography explores a dance scholar's previous choreographic trajectory, positioning the author's career within the sixties and seventies Black Arts Movement for social change. I explore several iterations of my dance lecture-demonstration in particular, which was produced over two decades and three continents, demonstrating how temporal and spatial shifts affect the content and context of a choreographic work. Additionally, I explore my shift into arts producing through my national dance initiative that helped define the work of eighties Black choreographers in the postmodern dance movement. The result is a consideration of how being Black, female, and a dancer provides a particular sociohistorical lens.
Dietary sodium estimation methods: accuracy and limitations of old and new methods in individuals at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Tsirimiagkou Christiana , Karatzi Kalliopi , Basdeki Eirini D , Argyris Antonios A , Papaioannou Theodore G , Yannakoulia Maria , Protogerou Athanase D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective:Accurate and easy to use methods for dietary Na intake estimation in population level are lacking. We aimed at (i) estimating the mean Na intake in the group level using a variety of dietary methods (DM) and urinary methods (UM) and correlating them with 24-h urine collection (24UCol) and (ii) improving the accuracy of the existing DM.Design:The most common DM (three 24-h dietary recalls (24DR) and FFQ) and UM (24UCol and spot urine collection using common equations) were applied. To improve the existing: (i) 24DR, discretionary Na was quantified using salt-related questions or adding extra 15 % in total Na intake and (ii) FFQ, food items rich in Na and salt-related questions were added in the standard questionnaire (NaFFQ).Setting:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.Participants:Totally, 122 high cardiovascular risk subjects (56·0 ± 12·6 years; 55·7 % males).Results:Mean 24 h Na excretion (24UNa) was 2810 ± 1304 mg/d. Spot urine methods overestimated the 24UNa (bias range: −1781 to −492 mg) and were moderately correlated to 24UCol (r= 0·469–0·596,P≤ 0·01). DM underestimated the 24UNa (bias range: 877 to 1212 mg) and were weakly correlated with 24UCol. The improved DM underestimated the 24UNa (bias range: 877 to 923 mg). The NaFFQ presented the smallest bias (−290 ± 1336 mg) and the strongest correlation with 24UCol (r= 0·497,P≤ 0·01), but wide limits of agreement in Bland–Altman plots (−2909 mg; 2329 mg), like all the other methods did.Conclusions:The existing methods exhibit poor accuracy. Further improvement of the newly developed NaFFQ could be promising for more accurate estimation of mean dietary Na intake in epidemiological studies. Additional validation studies are needed.
Channel‐Form Adjustment of an Alluvial River Under Hydrodynamic and Eco‐Geomorphologic Controls: Insights From Applying Equilibrium Theory Governing Alluvial Channel Flow
Authors: Su Teng , Huang He Qing , Carling Paul A. , Yu Guoan , Nanson Gerald C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlluvial rivers commonly are subject to the integrated effects of hydrodynamic and eco‐geomorphologic controls and there has been a lack of suitable methods to measure the effects. By taking the alluvial reach of the Yellow River over the Yinchuan Plain as a suitable example, this study evaluates the degree of hydrodynamic control in the channel‐form adjustment of different channel patterns in light of the advances in equilibrium theory governing alluvial channel flow. In response to the significant variations in flow regime and channel forms, the non‐dimensional number that measures the equilibrium state of alluvial channel flow varies in the ranges of 0.23–0.65, 0.047–0.17 and 0.0012–0.0024 respectively in the anabranching, meandering and braided reaches during 1993–2015. The significant differences among the H‐ranges are mainly because the individual anabranches have neither very narrow nor very deep cross‐sections, while the single‐thread channels in the meandering and braided reaches take moderately and significantly wider and shallower cross‐sections, respectively. These results demonstrate that the number is a good discriminator of river channel patterns, and the relatively small variability of within each channel pattern implies that the channels in the study reach are resilient to significant change in flow regime but yet hydrodynamic control is only partial. While the number is capable of embodying the outcome of the complex integrated effects of multiple localized eco‐geomorphic controls with flow dynamics, more studies are required to define its specific varying ranges for different river channel patterns and differing eco‐geomorphic controls.
Improved Forecast Skill Through the Assimilation of Dropsonde Observations From the Atmospheric River Reconnaissance Program
Authors: Zheng Minghua , Delle Monache Luca , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Ralph F. Martin , Tallapragada Vijay S. , Subramanian Aneesh , Haase Jennifer S. , Zhang Zhenhai , Wu Xingren , Murphy Michael J. , Higgins Timothy B. , DeHaan Laurel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLandfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the western US are responsible for ∼30%–50% of the annual precipitation, and their accurate forecasts are essential for aiding water management decisions and reducing flood risks. Sparse coverage of conventional observations over the Pacific Ocean, which can cause inadequate upstream initial conditions for numerical weather prediction models, may limit the improvement of forecast skill for these events. A targeted field program called AR Reconnaissance (Recon) was initiated in 2016 to better understand and reduce forecast errors of landfalling ARs at 1–5 days lead times. During the winter seasons of 2016, 2018, and 2019, 15 Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) sampled the upstream conditions for landfalling ARs. This study evaluates the impact on forecast accuracy of assimilating these dropsonde data. Data denial experiments with (WithDROP) and without (NoDROP) dropsonde data were conducted using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation four‐dimensional ensemble variational system. Comparisons between the 15 paired NoDROP and WithDROP experiments demonstrate that AR Recon dropsondes reduced the root‐mean‐square error in integrated vapor transport (IVT) and inland precipitation for more than 70% of the IOPs, averaged over all forecast lead times from 1 to 6 days. Dropsondes have improved the spatial pattern of forecasts of IVT and precipitation in all 15 IOPs. Significant improvements in skill are found beyond the short range (1–2 days). IOP sequences (i.e., back‐to‐back IOPs every other day) show the most improvement of inland precipitation forecast skill.