bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of a single‐use bioreactor compared to a glass bioreactor for the fermentation of filamentous fungi and evaluation of the reproducibility of growth in pellet form
Authors: Soerjawinata Winda , Schlegel Konstantin , Fuchs Natalie , Schüffler Anja , Schirmeister Tanja , Ulber Roland , Kampeis Percy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe implementation of single‐use technologies offers several major advantages, e.g. prevention of cross‐contamination, especially when spore‐forming microorganisms are present. This study investigated the application of a single‐use bioreactor in batch fermentation of filamentous fungus Penicillium sp. (IBWF 040‐09) from the Institute of Biotechnology and Drug Research (IBWF), which is capable of intracellular production of a protease inhibitor against parasitic proteases as a secondary metabolite. Several modifications to the SU bioreactor were suggested in this study to allow the fermentation in which the fungus forms pellets. Simultaneously, fermentations in conventional glass bioreactor were also conducted as reference. Although there are significant differences in the construction material and gassing system, the similarity of the two types of bioreactors in terms of fungal metabolic activity and the reproducibility of fermentations could be demonstrated using statistic methods. Under the selected cultivation conditions, growth rate, yield coefficient, substrate uptake rate, and formation of intracellular protease‐inhibiting substance in the single‐use bioreactor were similar to those in the glass bioreactor.
Sickle cell disease is a global prototype for integrative research and healthcare
Authors: Royal Charmaine D. M. , Babyak Michael , Shah Nirmish , Srivatsa Shantanu , Stewart Kearsley A. , Tanabe Paula , Wonkam Ambroise , Asnani Monika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferences in health outcomes and treatment responses within and between global populations have been well documented. There is growing recognition of the need to move beyond simple inventories and descriptions of these differences and our linear explanations for them, and gain a better understanding of the multifaceted systems and networks underlying them in order to develop more precise and effective remedies. Typical targets for such integrative research have been common multifactorial diseases. We propose sickle cell disease, one of the most common monogenic diseases, as an ideal candidate for elucidating the complexity of the influences of endogenous and exogenous factors on disease pathophysiology, phenotypic diversity, and variations in responses to treatments at both the individual and population levels. We provide data‐informed representations of diverse contributors to sickle cell disease complications that could guide innovative efforts to advance scientific knowledge, clinical practice, and policy formulation related to the disease; help improve outcomes for people worldwide with sickle cell disease; and inform approaches to studying and addressing other diseases.
The Kiryu Experimental Watershed: 50‐years of rainfall‐runoff data for a forest catchment in central Japan
Authors: Katsuyama Masanori , Ohte Nobuhito , Kosugi Yoshiko , Tani Makoto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Kiryu Experimental Catchment (KEW) is a small (5.99 ha) forest catchment located in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan (34°58′ N, 136°00′ E; www.bluemoon.kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiryu/contents.html). Around this area, forest devastation occurred from ca. 1250 to ca. 150 years ago because of overuse of forest and timbers. Then, hillside forestation was carried out for more than 100 years to prevent soil erosion and support the timber industry, and consequently, most of this area is now covered with plantation forests mainly by Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese cypress) planted around 1960's. This plantation forest is not actively managed. The KEW is one of the leading experimental forests with long‐term monitoring data in Japan. Research in the KEW began in 1967 to elucidate the hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the forested catchment in relation to climate, geology, soil, and vegetation growth. Since then, the long‐term hydrological data of precipitation, runoff and sediment transport are continuously monitoring. In this study, we provide the data and preliminarily discuss the rainfall–runoff patterns and sediment transport through 50 years in the KEW. The annual precipitation and the maximum daily rainfall have been greater than the average over the last decade. In response to the rainfall patterns, the ratio of annual direct runoff to precipitation was also larger in the last decade. The sediment transport in this decade was consequently larger than the preceding decades. Our data presented here suggest that a close relationship exists between the climate condition, rainfall–runoff response, sediment dynamics, as well as a slowly progressing change of forest condition.
Microcephaly, disproportionate pontine, and cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome: Two novel mutations in the CASK gene were discovered in Chinese females
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Hou Mei , Wang Haiqiao , Liu Qiuyan , Sun Dianrong , Wei Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicrocephaly, disproportionate pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) syndrome is a rare and genetic disorder, which is mainly caused by mutations in the CASK gene. We described four variations in the CASK gene in Chinese female patients with MICPCH, who presented with microcephaly, developmental delay, and motor disorder. The CASK mutations were identified using NGS (the next‐generation sequencing), copy number variation sequencing. Two novel variations in the CASK gene were revealed including a frameshift mutation c.1000_1001insG (p.Asp334GlyfsTer32) and a nonsense mutation c.2110A > T (p.Lys704Ter). Two other aberrations were c.316C > T (p.Arg106Ter) and Xp11.4‐p11.3 (41,700,001–44,660,000) × 1 loss. We provided clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings of the four patients. The genetic variation spectrum of MICPCH caused by CASK was updated. Furthermore, we expounded on the molecular mechanism of the disease and noticed that it was not possible to relate the magnitude of the genetic alteration to a particular phenotype.
Acoustic Noise and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Narrative/Descriptive Review
Authors: McJury Mark J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging generates unwanted acoustic noise. This review describes the work characterizing the acoustic noise, and the various solutions to control and attenuate the acoustic noise. There are also discussions about the permissible limits, and guidance regarding acoustic noise exposure for staff, patients, and volunteers.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage1
Stiffness Could be a Predictor of AJCC Prognostic Stage Groups in Preoperative Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Min Xiang , Zhu Jiang , Shang Mengmeng , Liu Jikai , Zhang Kai , Guo Lu , Li Liang , Cheng Lin , Li Jie 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the stiffness of 2‐dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) in preoperatively predicting the prognostic stage groups of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).MethodsEighty‐six newly diagnosed lesions on 83 patients with IDCs were analyzed. All parameters from conventional ultrasound and stiffness to virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification were collected, and mean shear wave velocity (SWVmean) was calculated. Data on maximum diameter, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), histologic grading system and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages were collected. The levels of maximum shear wave velocity (SWVmax), minimum shear wave velocity (SWVmin) and SWVmean were compared. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, the diagnostic efficacy was found in area under the curve (AUC). Parallel mode was used to improve the predictive value of sensitivity.ResultsThe median stiffness of SWVmax and SWVmean for IDCs were 9.38 and 6.32 m/s for late stage (stages II, III, IV) and 6.39 m/s and 4.72 m/s for early stage (stage I) of the prognostic stage groups, respectively. The median stiffness values in the late stage were significantly higher than those in the early stage (P = .003, P = .005). The optimal cutoff stiffness of SWVmax and SWVmean were 8.62 and 6.13 m/s, respectively. In ROC curves analysis, the AUC for SWVmax was 0.742, and it showed a better diagnostic value than SWVmean (0.725). In predictive diagnosis, the sensitivity for SWVmax and SWVmean were both 62.50%. The parallel mode improved the prediction power of sensitivity to 68.75%.ConclusionsPreoperative SWV level may serve as a promising prognostic imaging indicator for breast IDCs.
Photoluminescence‐Induced Four‐Wave Mixing Generation in a Monolayer‐MoS2‐Cladded GaN Microdisk Resonator
Authors: Chen Hao , Guo Kai , Yin Jinde , He Siqing , Qiu Guoqing , Zhang Mengyu , Xu Zihan , Zhu Gangyi , Yang Junbo , Yan Peiguang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntegrated photonics are expected to replace the conventional free‐space optical systems, yet there remains a challenge of low nonlinear response due to small nonlinear refractive index and short interaction length. Here, the large‐area monolayer MoS2 is used to facilitate excellent nonlinear response, and a pump strategy is proposed with respect to the spontaneous four‐wave mixing in the visible spectral range. The external pump incident from the top resonates in the GaN microdisk resonator and is thoroughly absorbed by the monolayer MoS2 to generate the four‐wave mixing pump via the excitonic photoluminescence. Being driven by the internal photoluminescence pump and enhanced by the microcavity structure, it is validated that the proposed structure well suffices efficient degenerate spontaneous four‐wave mixing generation. Since the emission spectrum can be tailored through careful temperature control, this work holds a great potential in various functionalities, not only on‐chip visible light sources but also optical field control.
Habitat Suitability Modeling and Mapping to Assess the Influence of Freshwater Withdrawals on Spatial Distributions and Population Numbers of Estuarine Species in the Lower Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, Florida
Authors: Rubec Peter J. , Santi Christi , Chen XinJian , Ghile Yonas 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effects of potential reductions of freshwater inflow were evaluated for the lower Peace River and its largest tributary, lower Shell Creek, which flow into the Charlotte Harbor estuary in southwest Florida. Habitat suitability modeling (HSM) and mapping of fish and invertebrate species life stages were used to seasonally predict changes in spatial distributions and population numbers associated with simulated freshwater withdrawals. Seasonal salinity grids and temperature grids derived from values predicted by hydrodynamic modeling (2007–2014) were similar between baseline (i.e., flows not affected by water withdrawals) and minimum flows (flows associated with water withdrawals). Depth grids, bottom type grids, and seasonal dissolved oxygen grids were held constant between the two scenarios. Seasonal habitat suitability models were applied to 28 fish and invertebrate species life stages with affinities for low or moderate salinity. Salinity was the most significant factor in seasonal models for species life stages. The seasonal HSM maps produced showed that spatial distributions were similar between baseline and minimum flows for each species life stage. Most seasonal estimates of population numbers under minimum flows were less than the estimates for the baseline condition, indicating some effect on population numbers associated with flow reductions. Reductions in population numbers under minimum flows ranged from 0.3% to 21.0%, with 3 out of 28 seasonal comparisons indicating losses &gt;15% and 12 comparisons indicating losses between 5% and 15%. Although other factors related to freshwater inflow can also influence species abundance and distribution, these results demonstrate how output from hydrodynamic modeling can be applied to HSM analyses and mapping to estimate spatial changes in habitat areas and population numbers for the life stages of selected fish and invertebrate species in relation to changes in salinity distributions, which can be used to identify areas of an estuary that are particularly susceptible to the effects of inflow reductions.
Sex, Food, and the Gut Microbiota: Disparate Response to Caloric Restriction Diet with Fiber Supplementation in Women and Men
Authors: Benítez‐Páez Alfonso , Hess Anne Lundby , Krautbauer Sabrina , Liebisch Gerhard , Christensen Lars , Hjorth Mads F. , Larsen Thomas Meinert , Sanz Yolanda ,   MyNewGut consortium
Published: February 2021

ScopeDietary‐based strategies are regularly explored in controlled clinical trials to provide cost‐effective therapies to tackle obesity and its comorbidities. The article presents a complementary analysis based on a multivariate multi‐omics approach of a caloric restriction intervention (CRD) with fiber supplementation to unveil synergic effects on body weight control, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota.Methods and resultsThe study explores fecal bile acids (BAs) and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), plasma BAs, and fecal shotgun metagenomics on 80 overweight participants of a 12‐week caloric restriction clinical trial (−500 kcal day−1) randomly allocated into fiber (10 g day−1 inulin + 10 g day−1 resistant maltodextrin) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplementation groups. The multi‐omic data integration analysis uncovered the benefits of the fiber supplementation and/or the CRD (e.g., increase of Parabacteroides distasonis and fecal propionate), showing sex‐specific effects on either adiposity and fasting insulin; effects thought to be linked to changes of specific gut microbiota species, functional genes, and bacterially produced metabolites like SCFAs and secondary BAs.ConclusionsThis study identifies diet‐microbe‐host interactions helping to design personalised interventions. It also suggests that sex perspective should be considered routinely in future studies on dietary interventions efficacy. All in all, the study uncovers that the dietary intervention is more beneficial for women than men.
The dyadic interaction model of relationship quality and the impact of attachment orientation and empathy on infertile couples in China
Authors: Du Kun , Dong Yuezhi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe study was conducted to examine the effect of attachment orientation and empathy on the relationship quality of infertile couples and assess the inter‐dependency model of these factors.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodIn this study, 168 infertile couples (336 individuals) were enrolled and asked to finish the following questionnaires: the revised Adult Attachment Scales, the Interpersonal Response Index questionnaire and the Relationship Quality sub‐scale of the Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQol). Hierarchical regression and path analysis were used to analyse the unique and combined contribution of the independent variables to relationship quality of couples.ResultsThe attachment orientation of infertile couples can influence their relationship quality, and empathetic wives and husbands have actor and partner effects on the infertile couples' relationship quality. Empathetic infertile couples are conducive to the harmony of the relationship.
Recovery of tigers in India: Critical introspection and potential lessons
Authors: Jhala Yadvendradev , Gopal Rajesh , Mathur Vaibhav , Ghosh Prodipto , Negi Himmat Singh , Narain Sunita , Yadav Satya Prakash , Malik Amit , Garawad Rajendra , Qureshi Qamar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

In a world where biodiversity is on the decline, examples of conservation success especially of large carnivores are of interest to policy makers and conservation practitioners. Herein, we elucidate the conservation actions that have been responsible for the recovery of tigers and their ecosystems in India; a feat many range countries are struggling to achieve.

Demand‐driven poaching resulted in extinctions at two prestigious Tiger Reserves. India's Prime Minister constituted a Tiger Task Force that led to the formation of the National Tiger Conservation Authority, the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau, scientific monitoring of tiger populations and incentivized voluntary relocation of human settlements from tiger reserves. Tiger Conservation Plans, cognizant of constraints imposed by small reserves embedded in human land uses, aimed to create source populations within tiger reserves with corridor links between sources and to sink habitats. Metapopulation management enhanced occupancy and long‐term viability of tiger populations. Tiger Protection Force and technology like MSTrIPES, E‐eye and drones effectively reduced poaching. Community support was attempted through profit sharing, mitigating human–tiger conflict with a fast, fair and transparent compensation process and removal of problem tigers. Reintroduction and reinforcement of tigers and prey assisted natural recovery. Political will ensured resources.

Tigers were monitored using Spatially Explicit Capture–Recapture with camera traps and ecological covariates. In 2018–2019 from 381,000 km2 of tiger habitat, 89,000 km2 was occupied. Currently, 50 tiger reserves cover 72,750 km2 and harbour 65% of India's ~3,000 tigers. Tiger reserves are managed with an annual investment of ~1,000 USD/km2 with one staff per 6.5 km2. Tiger reserves were regularly evaluated for Management Effectiveness. Tiger reserves were valued to have benefit flows between 76,900 and 292,300 US$ km−2year−1.

In the Anthropocene it is unlikely that tigers will survive without targeted conservation investments. Political commitment and resources can become available for conservation when people and tigers benefit simultaneously. Conscious balance by governments between development for rapid economic prosperity and long‐term ecological security will ensure that wild tigers and their intact ecosystems will survive for future generations.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in China: Clinical pharmacists' approach to assessment and categorization
Authors: Zhang Yuyi , Jin Li , Zhang Xiaogang , Bai Rong , Chen Danxia , Ma Yabin , Zhai Xiaobo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeLittle is known about emergency hospitalizations owing to adverse drug events (ADEs) in Chinese populations. The aim of this study was to identify the types and characteristics of ADEs as well as estimate the length of hospital stay and ADE‐related costs in a hospital emergency setting in China.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in the emergency department of our hospital from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. ADEs of patients admitted to the emergency department were collected by a clinical pharmacist during daily pharmacy rounds.ResultsOf 4020 cases admitted to the emergency department, 198 emergency ADE‐related hospitalizations (4.93%) were noted, which were classified into certain (n = 0, 0%), probable (n = 122, 61.6%), and possible (n = 76, 38.4%). The ADE was serious in 93.9% of the 198 cases. Ten cases were fatal, and two cases were life‐threatening. More than 80% of the emergency ADE‐related hospitalization cases were of patients over 60 years. The pharmacological agents implicated in the hospitalizations were oral antiplatelet agents (20.7%), oral hypoglycemic agents (16.7%), insulin (11.1%), and antihypertensive agents (9.1%). The average length of ADE‐related hospital stay was 10 (7.0–14.0) days. ADE‐related costs ranged from $1684.68 to $4531.35 for each hospitalization. The length of ADE‐related hospital stay and associated costs were statistically significant. Most ADEs (n = 146, 73.7%) were preventable.ConclusionsMost emergency ADE‐related hospitalizations in older adults resulted from lack of medication monitoring or inappropriate medication. Improved management of medicines by clinical pharmacists has the potential to reduce ADE‐related hospitalizations in older adults in China.
The effect of annealing on tensile properties of injection molded biopolyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Zubkiewicz Agata , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Szymczyk Anna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate four polyesters based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and different diols including 1,2‐ethylene glycol, 1,3‐propylene glycol, 1,4‐butylene glycol, and 1,6‐hexylene glycol. Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate), poly(propylene 2,5‐furanoate), poly(butylene 2,5‐furanoate), and poly(hexylene 2,5‐furanoate) (PHF) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter, and tensile tests. In addition, the influence of annealing polyesters on their thermal and mechanical properties was investigated. For these reasons samples for the tensile test were prepared by injection molding. The tensile properties of injection molded samples were compared with samples that were additionally annealed after injection molding. All studied polyesters after heating treatment showed multiple melting behavior. The increase in the degree of crystallinity significantly influenced also the mechanical properties of the samples. It was found that the length of the aliphatic chain and degree of crystallinity plays a major role in the final properties of furan‐based polyesters.
Sedimentation calculations within an Eulerian framework using series of basis functions
Authors: Rodríguez Genó Camilo Fernando , Alfonso Léster 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA gravitational sedimentation parametrization is presented, which sets the dynamic framework for the parametrization philosophy of linear combination of basis functions. The entire drop spectrum is represented as a linear combination of log‐normal distributions as part of an Eulerian simulation framework, in which all parameters of the distributions are calculated based on a prescribed set of three prognostic moments, thus eliminating the need of fixing any parameter to close the system of equations. The parametrization presents the advantage of avoiding the classification of water substance in artificial categories such as cloud water or rain water. Several experiments were performed, with an increasing number of distribution functions up to three, and with different sets of moments to establish which set performed the best. The comparison against the solution of an explicit sedimentation model shows that this parametrized approach is accurate enough to consider its inclusion in multi‐dimensional cloud models, achieving a better representation of the spectra with the use of a three‐member linear combination of basis functions.
An approach to characterizing spatial aspects of image system blur
Authors: Adams Jesse , Pillow Jessica , Joyce Kevin , Brennan Michael , Español Malena I. , Morzfeld Matthias , Breckling Sean , Champion Daniel , Clarkson Eric , Coffee Ryan , Gehring Amanda , Lund Margaret , Smalley Duane , Williams Ajanae , Zier Jacob , Frayer Daniel , Howard Marylesa , Machorro Eric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuantitative X‐ray radiographic imaging systems that utilize a charged couple device (CCD) camera connected to a thick, monolithic scintillator can exhibit blur that varies spatially across the field of view, especially for thick scintillators used in pulse‐power radiography of dynamically compressed objects. A three‐point approach to estimating and accounting for this effect is demonstrated by (a) using a local estimation technique to measure the effect of blurring a calibration object at key locations across the field of view, (b) combining each of the local estimates into a spatially varying blurring function via partitions of unity interpolation, and (c) resolving the effects of that blur on the image by solving an ill‐posed inverse problem using a spatially varying regularization term. The technique is demonstrated on synthetic examples and actual radiographs collected at the Naval Research Laboratory's (NRL) Mercury pulsed power facility.