bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of three-phase inverter power supply system in Simulink
Authors: Ivanov V B 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A model of a three-phase electronic converter of electric energy for an autonomous power supply system has been studied. The objective is measuring the percentage of the higher harmonics in the output of the three-phase inverter voltage and the effect of adding a passive selective Notch filters. Their inclusion in the output circuit creates a model of the system with improved electromagnetic compatibility, and hence an increased power factor and efficiency. A virtual architecture of the three-phase inverter power supply system has been developed in Matlab - Simulink software environment. The invertor is built of separate functional blocks simulating the components that can be embedded in a real project. The schematic diagram includes three-phase symmetric loads with three-phase filters models. The main operation modes of the invertor are modeled and the effects of adding three-phase filters to the output circuit after the voltage inverter are analyzed. From the pulse with modulation simulation, the frequency spectrum for the output current IL and voltage UL has been synthesized.
Accelerate stochastic calculation of random-phase approximation correlation energy difference with an atom-based correlated sampling
Authors: Chi Yu-Chieh , Huang Chen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A kernel polynomial method is developed to calculate the random phase approximation (RPA) correlation energy. In the method, the RPA correlation energy is formulated in terms of the matrix that is the product of the Coulomb potential and the density linear response functions. The integration over the matrix’s eigenvalues is calculated by expanding the density of states of the matrix in terms of the Chebyshev polynomials. The coefficients in the expansion are obtained through stochastic sampling. Since it is often the energy difference between two systems that is of much interest in practice, another focus of this work is to develop a correlated sampling scheme to accelerate the convergence of the stochastic calculations of the RPA correlation energy difference between two similar systems. The scheme is termed the atom-based correlated sampling (ACS). The performance of ACS is examined by calculating the isomerization energy of acetone to 2-propenol and the energy of the water–gas shift reaction. Using ACS, the convergences of these two examples are accelerated by 3.6 and 4.5 times, respectively. The methods developed in this work are expected to be useful for calculating RPA-level reaction energies for the reactions that take place in local regions, such as calculating the adsorption energies of molecules on transition metal surfaces for modeling surface catalysis.
Thermo-magneto-convection and mechanism of multiple eddy formation due to applied magnetic field in a lid-driven cavity
Authors: Padhi Paramananda , Udhayakumar S , Sekhar T V S , Sivakumar R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic study of eddy formation and heat transfer in a bottom heated two-dimensional lid-driven cavity with the insulated sidewall is reported in this paper. We consider the classic problem of a two-dimensional lid driven cavity in the presence of an applied external magnetic field. In the standard nonlinear Navier–Stokes equation and the energy equation, appropriate terms are added to model the applied magnetic field and thermo-magnetic convection. And we have derived a higher-order numerical scheme that can provide solutions that are fourth-order accurate. The scheme is implemented with suitable fourth-order accurate boundary conditions. The square LDC enclosure is filled with a fluid of Pr = 6.2. The top lid of the cavity is kept moving with constant velocity. The effect of magnetic field on heat transfer and eddy formation is discussed for 0 ≤ Ha ≤ 250,

Re
=

10

2

≤
Re
≤

10

3

and 103 ≤ Gr ≤ 104 and the results are presented in terms of contour plots of streamlines, isotherms, Lorentz force, and the kinetic energy. The physical mechanism for forming multiple recirculation zones is understood and attributed to two opposite forces acting in the fluid about the center-line of the cavity, which acts like a couple (and hence rotational flow). This is discovered by computing the Lorentz force acting in the entire domain of fluid flow. Similarly, from the computation of kinetic energy of the fluid at all the grid points in the fluid region, it is revealed that conduction is the dominant heat transfer mechanism at higher magnetic fields. At the same time, convection is the prime mode at low magnetic fields. It is ascertained that with an increase in magnetic field intensity, velocity profiles are suppressed, and heat transfer stabilizes, giving rise to the formation of recirculation zones in the cavity.
Vitexin, a fenugreek glycoside, ameliorated obesity-induced diabetic nephropathy via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in mice
Authors: Zhou Guangju , Cui Jiale , Xie Suhua , Wan Haiyan , Luo Yan , Guo Gang 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most critical risk factors for diabetes mellitus and plays a significant role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the possible mechanism of action of vitexin on obesity-induced DN in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed experimental C57BL/6 mice model. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by chronic administration of HFD, and mice were concomitantly treated with vitexin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.). HFD-induced increased renal oxido-nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly inhibited by vitexin. The Western blot analysis suggested that alteration in renal NF-κB, IκBα, nephrin, AMPK, and ACC phosphorylation levels was effectively restored by vitexin treatment. Histological aberration induced in renal tissue after chronic administration of HFD was also reduced by vitexin. In conclusion, vitexin suppressed the progression of obesity-induced DN via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in an experimental model of HFD-induced DN in C57BL/6J mice.
Climate Risk, Cooperation and the Co-Evolution of Culture and Institutions
Authors: Buggle Johannes C , Durante Ruben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between economic risk and the evolution of social cooperation. We hypothesise that trust developed in pre-industrial times as a result of experiences of cooperation aimed at coping with climatic risk. We document that European regions with higher pre-industrial climatic variability display higher levels of trust today. This effect is driven by variability in the growing season months and is more pronounced in agricultural regions. Regarding possible mechanisms, our results indicate that climatic risk favoured intercommunity exchange and the early adoption of inclusive political institutions which is associated with higher quality of local governments today.
Does deeper hypothermia reduce the risk of acute kidney injury after circulatory arrest for aortic arch surgery?
Authors: Vekstein Andrew M , Yerokun Babtunde A , Jawitz Oliver K , Doberne Julie W , Anand Jatin , Karhausen Jorn , Ranney David N , Benrashid Ehsan , Wang Hanghang , Keenan Jeffrey E , Schroder Jacob N , Gaca Jeffrey G , Hughes G Chad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The impact of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) temperature on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been evaluated. This study examined the association between circulatory arrest temperatures and AKI in patients undergoing proximal aortic surgery with HCA.

METHODS
A total of 759 consecutive patients who underwent proximal aortic surgery (ascending ± valve ± root) including arch replacement requiring HCA between July 2005 and December 2016 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional aortic surgery database. The primary outcome was AKI as defined by Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) criteria. The association between minimum nasopharyngeal (NP) and bladder temperatures during HCA and postoperative AKI was assessed, adjusting for patient-level factors using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
A total of 85% (n = 645) of patients underwent deep hypothermia (14.1–20.0°C), 11% (n = 83) low-moderate hypothermia (20.1–24.0°C) and 4% (n = 31) high-moderate hypothermia (24.1–28.0°C) as classified by NP temperature. When analysed by bladder temperature, 59% (n = 447) underwent deep hypothermia, 22% (n = 170) low-moderate, 16% (n = 118) high-moderate and 3% mild (n = 24) (28.1–34.0°C) hypothermia. The median systemic circulatory arrest time was 17 min. The incidence of AKI did not differ between hypothermia groups, whether analysed using minimum NP or bladder temperature. In the multivariable analysis, the association between degree of hypothermia and AKI remained non-significant whether analysed as a categorical variable (hypothermia group) or as a continuous variable (minimum NP or bladder temperature) (all P &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
In patients undergoing proximal aortic surgery including arch replacement requiring HCA, degree of systemic hypothermia was not associated with the risk of AKI. These data suggest that moderate hypothermia does not confer increased risk of AKI for patients requiring circulatory arrest, although additional prospective data are needed.
Type II hybrid arch repair versus total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Liu Yanxiang , Liang Shenghua , Zhang Bowen , Dun Yaojun , Guo Hongwei , Qian Xiangyang , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the objective outcomes of type II hybrid arch repair (HAR) and total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (TAR with FET).

METHODS
Data from 528 patients who underwent aortic arch repair from January 2017 to June 2019 were collected, which consisted of 175 type II HAR and 353 TAR with FET. The propensity score-matched analysis identified a subgroup of 90 pairs. Perioperative data and mid-term follow-up results were assessed.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the composite adverse events (type II HAR, 20.6%, 36/175 vs TAR with FET, 17.8%, 63/353, P = 0.450). Multivariable logistic analysis of the 528 patients showed that the procedure type (type II HAR or TAR with FET) was not associated with composite adverse events, 30-day mortality or stroke. The 3-year survival rates were 84.8% in the type II HAR group and 90.1% in the TAR with FET group (P = 0.12). The 3-year reintervention-free rates in the type II HAR and TAR with FET groups were 98.7% and 96.5% (P = 0.22), respectively. After matching, no significant difference was found in the incidence of composite adverse events or the 3-year survival and reintervention-free rates.

CONCLUSIONS
No significant clinical differences were found in the early and mid-term outcomes of type II HAR and TAR with FET. The long-term outcomes remain to be investigated. Careful patient selection for individualized approaches is the key to taking full advantage of the 2 surgical procedures.
Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with aortic diseases
Authors: Useini Dritan , Beluli Blerta , Christ Hildegard , Schlömicher Markus , Ewais Elias , Patsalis Polykarpos , Haldenwang Peter , Naraghi Hamid , Moustafine Vadim , Bechtel Matthias , Strauch Justus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients scheduled for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) treatment frequently present with concomitant aortic diseases, in which case they are usually considered to be at high interventional risk and, in particular, unable to undergo the transfemoral TAVI approach. Since the establishment of the ‘transfemoral first’ strategy for TAVI, there has been an evidence gap with regard to the outcomes of such patients. We aimed to evaluate the mid-term outcomes after transapical TAVI in patients with diverse aortic diseases.

METHODS
Fifty-five consecutive elderly patients (78.4 years; standard deviation: 8.6 years) at intermediate surgical risk with severe aortic stenosis and aortic diseases (porcelain aorta 36%, ascending aneurysm 15%, descending aneurysm 26%, type-B dissection 4%, aortic thrombus 7%, Leriche syndrome 4%, aortic kinking 11%, aortic ulcer 2%, previous aortic operation 20%, aortic elongation/tortuosity 4%) underwent transapical TAVI treatment between January 2011 and November 2019 at our institution. We used the second-and third-generation self- and balloon-expanding valves. The follow-up time was 92.6 patient-years.

RESULTS
The Society of Thoracic Surgery-Predicted Risk of Mortality score was 7% (standard deviation: 4%). The 30-day mortality and all-stroke rates were 6% and 4%, respectively. The median survival time was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval 17.6–32.3). The median time of freedom from a composite of death and cardio-cerebral adverse events was 24.3 months (95% confidence interval 11.9–36.8). The rate of moderate/severe paravalvular leakage was 2%. The pacemaker rate was 10%. No early or late aortic syndrome occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
Transapical TAVI is a safe method and shows very promising early and mid-term outcomes, without early/late aortic syndrome, in patients with aortic diseases for whom transfemoral TAVI as the first-line transcatheter method might be contraindicated or not feasible.
Smart hedging against carbon leakage
Authors: Böhringer Christoph , Rosendahl Knut Einar , Storrøsten Halvor 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Policy makers in the EU and elsewhere are concerned that unilateral pricing of the carbon externality induces carbon leakage through relocation of emission-intensive and trade-exposed production to other regions. A common measure to mitigate such leakage is to combine an emission trading system with output-based allocation (OBA) of allowances where the latter works as an implicit production subsidy to regulated industries. We show analytically that it is optimal to impose in addition a consumption tax on the OBA goods (i.e., goods that are entitled to OBA) at a rate which is equivalent in value to the OBA subsidy rate. The explanation is that the consumption tax alleviates excessive consumption of the OBA goods, which is a distortionary effect of introducing OBA. Using a multi-region multi-sector computable general equilibrium model calibrated to empirical data, we quantify the welfare gains for the EU of imposing such a consumption tax on top of its existing emission trading system with OBA. We run Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertain leakage exposure of goods entitled to OBA. The consumption tax increases welfare whether the goods are highly exposed to leakage or not, and hence can be regarded as smart hedging against carbon leakage.
Effects of decontamination treatment combined with natural chemicals and/or ultra-high pressure on the quality and safety of ready-to-eat wine-pickled mud snails (Bullacta exarata)
Authors: Zou Xiaoqian , Peng Sijia , Pang Chunxia , Wang Junhao , Gouda Mohamed Hawali Bata , Du Chuanlai , Yu Jubo , Luo Haibo , Jiang Li 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ready-to-eat wine-pickled mud snails (Bullacta exarata) typically host a large number of microorganisms and are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria during processing, resulting in a higher risk for foodborne illness with consumption. In this study, the decontamination effects of different treatment methods, including the use of ultrasonic cleaning (USC), natural chemicals, and ultra-high pressure (UHP), on the quality and safety of pickled mud snails were investigated by assessing the total viable count (TVC), total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) content, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), and pH value of the products after 12 months of storage at –20 °C. Treatment with 200 W USC for 5 min was the most effective approach for reducing TVC in raw mud snails, with a minimal change in food quality. Natural chemical treatment or UHP treatment significantly inhibited the increase in TVC, pH, and TBARS and TVB-N accumulation compared with the control group; however, their combined treatment had no synergistic effect. In contrast, the combined chemical treatment was more effective in inhibiting changes in the above indices in pickled mud snails than UHP treatment alone or combined chemicals+UHP treatment. In addition, the bacterial diversity of pickled mud snails before and after 12 months of storage at –20 °C was determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results indicated that USC combined with natural chemicals can be utilized commercially to maintain the quality and safety of pickled mud snails during storage at –20 °C.
The Association of Muscle Mass Measured by D3-Creatine Dilution Method With Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Zhu Kexin , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Ochs-Balcom Heather M , LaMonte Michael J , Hovey Kathleen M , Evans William , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Troen Bruce R , Banack Hailey R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a direct measure of skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to compare the association of D3Cr muscle mass with lean body mass (LBM) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and examine its relation with physical function in postmenopausal women.

Methods
Seventy-four community-dwelling women (mean age 82.3 ± 5.4) participated in this pilot study from the Buffalo, New York clinical site of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). Participants attended a clinic visit which included anthropometric measures, blood draw, DXA scan, measures of physical function, and initiated the D3Cr protocol. Physical function was evaluated using hand grip strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and RAND-36 physical function scale. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of D3Cr muscle mass with functional outcomes.

Results
D3-creatine muscle mass was moderately correlated with DXA LBM (r = 0.50) and DXA appendicular lean mass (ALM) (r = 0.50). Individuals with high D3Cr muscle mass (%) had higher physical function compared to individuals with low muscle mass (%), indicated by high scores on SPPB (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40, 19.58). We observed stronger relationships between high D3Cr and physical function than either DXA LBM (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 0.88, 13.11) or DXA ALM (OR = 4.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 15.68) and physical function.

Conclusions
Our findings provide strong preliminary data for the associations of D3Cr muscle mass with measures of physical function in older women. These findings support and extend prior work on D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
Post-GWAS functional studies reveal an RA-associatedCD40-induced NF-kB signal transduction and transcriptional regulation network targeted by class II HDAC inhibitors
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Jiang Danli , Wu Ting , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Yihan , Wu Di , Sun Wei , Cui Jing , Moreland Larry , Li Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrently, it remains difficult to identify which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are functional and how various functional SNPs (fSNPs) interact and contribute to disease susceptibility. GWAS have identified a CD40 locus that is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously used two techniques developed in our laboratory, single nucleotide polymorphism-next-generation sequencing (SNP-seq) and flanking restriction enhanced DNA pulldown-mass spectrometry (FREP-MS), to determine that the RA risk gene RBPJ regulates CD40 expression via a fSNP at the RA-associated CD40 locus. In the present work, by applying the same approach, we report the identification of six proteins that regulate RBPJ expression via binding to two fSNPs on the RA-associated RBPJ locus. Using these findings, together with the published data, we constructed an RA-associated signal transduction and transcriptional regulation network (STTRN) that functionally connects multiple RA-associated risk genes via transcriptional regulation networks (TRNs) linked by CD40-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling. Remarkably, this STTRN provides insight into the potential mechanism of action for the histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat, an approved therapy for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Thus, the generation of disease-associated STTRNs based on post-GWAS functional studies is demonstrated as a novel and effective approach to apply GWAS for mechanistic studies and target identification.
SAFETY OF AMISELIMOD IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 1 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Hanauer Stephen , O’Reilly Terry , Lester Robert , Slatkin Neal , Lee Jimin , Franklin Howard , Bulawski Angela , Israel Robert 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the safety profile of amiselimod, a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator which has been shown to regulate lymphocyte trafficking and is in development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, parallel study with a nested crossover design evaluated the safety and tolerability profile of amiselimod. Healthy adults were randomized in a 2:1:1 ratio during a 28-day treatment period accordingly: a single dose of placebo followed by oral amiselimod (upwardly titrated in doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg to achieve 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg steady-state exposure; a single dose of oral moxifloxacin 400 mg followed by placebo; or placebo followed by a single dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg. The safety population included all subjects who received at least one dose of treatment. Adverse events (AE) and serious AEs were collected. Treatment-emergent AEs were defined as an AE that was starting or worsening at the time of or after study drug administration. Changes in clinical laboratory parameters (including lymphocyte counts), physical examinations, vital signs, and electrocardiogram parameters (including heart rate, PR, QRS, and QT intervals) were recorded. Subjects were permitted to withdraw if lymphocyte counts were ≤ 0.2 x 109/L.

Results
The safety population included 190 subjects of which 95 received amiselimod and 95 were in the combined moxifloxacin group. Subjects were 40% female, 83% white, and the mean (standard deviation) age was 39.0 (8.8) years. The discontinuation rate was 8% (n=8) in the amiselimod group and 4% (n=4) in the moxifloxacin group. Three subjects who received amiselimod discontinued because they met the stopping criteria for low lymphocyte counts. One subject experienced an amiselimod-related serious AE of atrial fibrillation on day 26 (after receiving amiselimod 1.6 mg for 3 of the preceding 4 days) that required hospitalization, cardioversion, and led to discontinuation. No deaths were reported. All other AEs were mild to moderate in severity. Decreased white blood counts were the most commonly reported TEAE, followed by headache and constipation (Table). Reductions in white blood counts returned to normal range after study discontinuation without sequelae. Decreased neutrophils, lymphocytes and hemoglobin, and increased creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were reported, all of which resolved without sequelae. The mean absolute lymphocyte count for amiselimod exhibited a gradual decrease from predose (1.681 thou/uL) to a nadir of 0.424 thou/uL on day 27 (Figure). Changes to vital signs, physical examinations, and ECG parameters were within normal limits.

Conclusions
Upwardly titrated doses of amiselimod ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg were generally well tolerated in healthy subjects.