bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDGFRα‐lineage origin directs monocytes to trafficking proficiency to support peripheral immunity
Authors: Li Yu‐Tung , Yamazaki Sho , Takaki Eiichi , Ouchi Yuya , Kitayama Tomomi , Tamai Katsuto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMultiple embryonic precursors give rise to leukocytes in adults while the lineage‐based functional impacts are underappreciated. Mesodermal precursors expressing PDGFRα appear transiently during E7.5‐8.5 descend to a subset of Lin–Sca1+Kit+ hematopoietic progenitors found in adult BM. By analyzing a PDGFRα‐lineage tracing mouse line, we here report that PDGFRα‐lineage BM F4/80+SSClo monocytes/macrophages are solely Ly6C+LFA‐1hiMac‐1hi monocytes enriched on the abluminal sinusoidal endothelium while Ly6C–LFA‐1loMac‐1lo macrophages are mostly from non‐PDGFRα‐lineage in vivo. Monocytes with stronger integrin profiles outcompete macrophages for adhesion on an endothelial monolayer or surfaces coated with ICAM‐1‐Fc or VCAM‐1‐Fc. Egress of PDGFRα‐lineage‐rich monocytes and subsequent differentiation to peripheral macrophages spatially segregates them from non‐PDGFRα‐lineage BM‐resident macrophages and allows functional specialization since macrophages derived from these egressing monocytes differ in morphology, phenotype, and functionality from BM‐resident macrophages in culture. Extravasation preference for blood PDGFRα‐lineage monocytes varies by tissues and governs the local lineage composition of macrophages. More PDGFRα‐lineage classical monocytes infiltrated into skin and colon but not into peritoneum. Accordingly, transcriptomic analytics indicated augmented inflammatory cascades in dermatitis skin of BM‐chimeric mice harbouring only PDGFRα‐lineage leukocytes. Thus, the PDGFRα‐lineage origin biasedly generates monocytes predestined for BM exit to support peripheral immunity following extravasation and macrophage differentiation.
Synthesis of Large [2+3] Salicylimine Cages with Embedded Metal‐Salphen Units
Authors: Uhrmacher Fabian , Elbert Sven M. , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal salphen containing complexes have found a broad variety of applications in catalysis as well as material science. Most of these materials are either mono‐nuclear complexes or polymeric network materials. Discrete macromolecular polynuclear salphens are still rare and mostly two‐dimensional structures. Here we present three‐dimensional trinuclear Ni(II)‐ and Pt(II)‐cage compounds with a covalently bound [2+3] salicylimine cage backbone. The solubility of the cages allowed their investigation by spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the Pt(II) derivative was investigated by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealing that the presented cage compounds possess the largest intrinsic void of metal salphen cages reported till date.
Solid–Liquid Phase Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of Various Partial Acylglycerols by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Seniorita Latifa , Minami Eiji , Kawamoto Haruo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMonoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), and triacylglycerol (TAG) are impurities in biodiesel and a major cause of precipitation. Understanding the behavior of such acylglycerols is essential for predicting biodiesel cold flow properties (CFPs). The previous study on MAG/MAG binary mixtures shows that they tend to solidify by forming molecular compounds. In contrast, TAG/TAG mixtures, which have been studied extensively, are commonly eutectic or monotectic systems, in which each component solidifies separately. The present study focuses on binary mixtures of DAG/DAG and different acylglycerol pairs (MAG/DAG, TAG/MAG, and DAG/TAG), and determination of their solid–liquid phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry. These mixtures are found to behave as eutectic or monotectic systems with no sign of compound formation. As DAG and TAG have lower contents than MAG in biodiesel and they are unlikely to form molecular compounds with MAG, it is suggested that DAG and TAG have little effect on the biodiesel CFPs.Practical Applications: Biodiesel has attracted much interest because its blending with conventional fossil diesel has become more standard with biofuel mandates. From an energy perspective, the solid–liquid phase behavior of acylglycerols will contribute to building prediction models for biodiesel CFPs.
The Concept of Photozymes: Short Peptides with Photoredox Catalytic Activity for Nucleophilic Additions to α‐Phenyl Styrenes
Authors: Sack Daniel , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConventional photoredox catalytic additions of alcohols to olefins require additives, like thiophenol, to promote back electron transfer. The concept of “photozymes” assumes that forward and backward electron transfer steps in a photoredox catalytic cycle are controllable by substrate binding to photocatalytically active peptides. Accordingly, we synthesized a short tripeptide modified with 1,7‐dicyano‐perylene‐3,4 : 9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide as photoredox catalyst. This peptide undergoes an unconventional photoredox catalytic cycle with the radical anion and dianion of the perylene bisimide‐peptide as intermediates. The photoredox catalytic reactions with α‐phenyl styrenes as substrates require remarkably low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol%) and give the methoxylation products in high yields. The concept of “photozymes” for photoredox catalysis has significant potential for other photocatalytic reactions, in particular with respect to enantioselective photocatalysis.
Formal [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1,3,5‐Triazinanes with diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate: Approach to Tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Shi Ruijie , Gao Limei , Chen Weiji , Shi Yangqing , Cao Zhixing , Zheng Yongsheng , Liu Jikai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn unprecedented [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of 1,3,5‐triazinanes with diethyl acetylene dicarboxylate is disclosed. This catalyst free reaction provided an efficient and mild approach to synthesize a variety of functionalized tetrahydropyrimidines in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99 % yield). Preliminary mechanistic investigation has been conducted to elucidate the reaction process.
A novel top‐k key node query problem in subgraph matching and its greedy strategy
Authors: Xue Zhengyuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTop‐k node selection in graph data is an essential problem in computer science and applications. In view of an important issue in the field of graph data, subgraph matching issue, we define the problem and propose its method for the top‐k key node query w.r.t. the subgraph matching. Unlike the general top‐k query problem, we aim to find out k nodes that make the matching subgraphs in data graph G that are covered by the k nodes as more as possible. This is a problem of the maximum coverage of subgraph matching, which belongs to the NP‐hard problem. We study the problem based on a greedy algorithm and give an intuitive solution. Considering the characteristics of the top‐k problem, we propose an improved and more efficient greedy algorithm. Experiments on real social network graph data set (Twitter) show that the related results represent the key nodes that can better reveal the essential characteristics of the query graph in the data graph G. The key node query problem in subgraph matching proposed in this article may have extensive applications in reality, such as the assessment of the influence of specific group members in social network, the detection of abnormal communication in a computer communication network, the road traffic evaluation and load balance problem in a road traffic network, and so on.
Resolving the “muddle in the middle”: The case for Homo bodoensis sp. nov.
Authors: Roksandic Mirjana , Radović Predrag , Wu Xiu‐Jie , Bae Christopher J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent developments in the field of palaeoanthropology necessitate the suppression of two hominin taxa and the introduction of a new species of hominins to help resolve the current nebulous state of Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) hominin taxonomy. In particular, the poorly defined and variably understood hominin taxa Homo heidelbergensis (both sensu stricto and sensu lato) and Homo rhodesiensis need to be abandoned as they fail to reflect the full range of hominin variability in the Middle Pleistocene. Instead, we propose: (1) introduction of a new taxon, Homo bodoensis sp. nov., as an early Middle Pleistocene ancestor of the Homo sapiens lineage, with a pan‐African distribution that extends into the eastern Mediterranean (Southeast Europe and the Levant); (2) that many of the fossils from Western Europe (e.g. Sima de los Huesos) currently assigned to H. heidelbergensis s.s. be reassigned to Homo neanderthalensis to reflect the early appearance of Neanderthal derived traits in the Middle Pleistocene in the region; and (3) that the Middle Pleistocene Asian fossils, particularly from China, likely represent a different lineage altogether.
Whose mental health declines during economic downturns?
Authors: Black Nicole , Jackson Angela , Johnston David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrior research shows that economic downturns are associated with increases in mental illness. However, we know little about whose mental health is most negatively affected. Is it the young or old, men or women, employed or non‐employed, rich or poor? Using an 18‐year panel dataset of Australians, we contribute to this understanding by estimating the impact of changes in unemployment on mental health, separately by population subgroups. Our mental health measure captures psychological distress and emotional difficulties, which are often missed by infrequent event indicators such as suicides. We find that young women suffer most during economic downturns. Men and women of older ages are not significantly affected. The effects for young women are driven by those in insecure employment, and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Our results suggest that public health programs should emphasize the mental health of young women during economic downturns.
Role of metronomic therapy for advanced oral cancers and predictors of response: Multi‐institutional feasibility study
Authors: Sultania Mahesh , Imaduddin Mohammed , S. V. Deo Suryanarayana , Kar Madhabananda , K. Muduly Dillip , Kumar Sunil , Sharma Atul , Mishra Ashutosh , K. D. Majumdar Saroj , K. Adhya Amit , K. Parida Dilip 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn an era of targeted therapies, patients with cancer in resource‐constraint countries continue to struggle to find affordable care.MethodsThe present study is a multicenter prospective single‐arm study. Patients with expected delay in surgery, unresectable or metastatic cancers, and patients not suitable for surgery or conventional chemotherapy were included. Oral methotrexate 15 mg/m2 once a week and oral celecoxib 200 mg twice daily was used for metronomic therapy.ResultsAt 8 weeks, a clinically complete response was seen in 2.5%, partial response in 46.6%, stable disease in 39.8%, and disease progression in 11%. Size less than 4 cm, alveolobuccal subsite, and well‐differentiated histology were significantly associated with no disease progression.ConclusionConstraint‐adapted approach of using methotrexate and celecoxib is economical with good compliance, minimal toxicity, and good efficacy. It is feasible for use in diverse settings. Individualized selection of patients based on response predictors may maximize metronomic therapy's benefit.
Effect of corticosteroid dosing on outcomes in high‐grade immune checkpoint inhibitor hepatitis
Authors: Li Michael , Wong Danny , Vogel Alexander S. , Sack Jordan S. , Rahma Osama E. , Hodi F. Stephen , Zucker Stephen D. , Grover Shilpa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Consensus guidelines recommend high‐dose corticosteroids (1–2 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents) for treating grade ≥3 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) hepatitis. We examined the effect of corticosteroid dosing on time to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, need for additional immunosuppression, and steroid‐related complications.

Approach and Results
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 215 ICI‐treated patients from 2010 to 2020 who developed grade ≥3 (ALT > 200 U/L) ICI hepatitis. Patients were grouped by initial corticosteroid dose (≥1.5 mg/kg or <1.5 mg/kg methylprednisolone equivalents). Propensity scores were calculated predicting the risk of receiving the higher steroid dose and used in inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) logistic or Cox regression. The 87 patients in the ≥1.5 mg/kg group received higher initial (2.0 vs. 0.8 mg/kg/day, p < 0.001) and maximum (2.0 vs. 1.0 mg/kg/day, p < 0.001) steroid doses than the 128 patients in the <1.5 mg/kg group. There was no difference between the higher versus lower‐dose groups in development of steroid‐refractory hepatitis (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.79–1.89, p = 0.365) on IPTW‐logistic regression. In patients with steroid‐responsive disease, there was no difference between the two groups in time to ALT normalization using either standard Cox regression (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.72–1.45, p = 0.903) or IPTW‐Cox regression (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.51, p = 0.610). The ≥1.5 mg/kg group had longer exposure to corticosteroids (median 60 vs. 44 days, p = 0.005) and higher incidences of infection (18.4% vs. 7.0%, relative risk [RR] 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.6, p = 0.011) and hyperglycemia requiring treatment (23.3% vs. 7.8%, RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5‐6.0, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with high‐grade ICI hepatitis, initial treatment with 1 mg/kg/day methylprednisolone equivalents provides similar hepatitis outcomes with reduced risk of steroid‐related complications when compared with higher‐dose regimens.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Infections Among Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation Who Received COVID‐19 Vaccination
Authors: Moon Andrew M. , Webb Gwilym J. , García‐Juárez Ignacio , Kulkarni Anand V. , Adali Gupse , Wong David K. , Lusina Beth , Dalekos George N. , Masson Steven , Shore Brandon M. , Barnes Eleanor , Barritt A. Sidney , Marjot Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Many safe and effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccinations dramatically reduce risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) complications and deaths. We aimed to describe cases of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver transplant (LT) recipients with at least one prior COVID‐19 vaccine dose. The SECURE‐Liver and COVID‐Hep international reporting registries were used to identify laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 in CLD and LT patients who received a COVID‐19 vaccination. Of the 342 cases of lab‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in the era after vaccine licensing, 40 patients (21 with CLD and 19 with LT) had at least one prior COVID‐19 vaccination, including 12 who were fully vaccinated (≥2 weeks after second dose). Of the 21 patients with CLD (90% with cirrhosis), 7 (33%) were hospitalized, 1 (5%) was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 0 died. In the LT cohort (n = 19), there were 6 hospitalizations (32%), including 3 (16%) resulting in mechanical ventilation and 2 (11%) resulting in death. All three cases of severe COVID‐19 occurred in patients who had a single vaccine dose within the last 1‐2 weeks. In contemporary patients with CLD, rates of symptomatic infection, hospitalization, ICU admission, invasive ventilation, and death were numerically higher in unvaccinated individuals. Conclusion: This case series demonstrates the potential for COVID‐19 infections among patients with CLD and LT recipients who had received the COVID‐19 vaccination. Vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 appears to result in favorable outcomes as attested by the absence of mechanical ventilation, ICU, or death among fully vaccinated patients.
Recent Progress in the Simulation of Chiral Systems with Real Time Propagation Methods
Authors: Mattiat Johann , Luber Sandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this brief review, an overview about recent efforts to simulate the spectroscopic signatures of chiral molecules is given with focus on real time propagation approaches to solve the time‐dependentSchrödingerequation. In particular the simulation of electric circular dichroism spectra and vibrationalRamanoptical activity is discussed. In comparison to linear absorption spectra, where only the response of the electric dipole moment is necessary, the response of the magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment is more intricate. Issues such as gauge origin dependence, basis set dependence, non‐local potentials and the dipole approximation are addressed.
An ensemble model of convolution and recurrent neural network for skin disease classification
Authors: Ahmad Belal , Usama Mohd , Ahmad Tanvir , Khatoon Shabnam , Alam Chaudhary Maqbool 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSkin cancer is one of the rapidly growing diseases in the world. Especially, millions of cases are reported every year by all types of skin cancer in America. Early detection of skin cancer using dermoscopy, the light source, and the magnification device are used to inspect the skin lesions. A dermatologist observed hypodermic structures are normally invisible. However, accurate and effective skin disease classification by humans is not straightforward and requires a long time of practice. Furthermore, it is often inaccurate and difficult to reproduce, being unable to completely use the long‐term dependence connection between specific image key features and image labels even for experienced dermatologists. Therefore, it needs to develop a computer‐aided diagnostic system for reliable skin cancer diagnosis. Classical methods focus on designing and combining hand‐craft features from input data and face vanishing or exploding of loss gradient problem, whereas the bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM) network does not need any prior knowledge or pre‐designing, and it is an expert in keeping the associated information in both directions. Thus, to improve the classification performance for handling these problems, we proposed a hybrid classification method based on the deep convolutional neural network and stacked BLSTM network. Firstly, deep features are extracted from input skin disease facial images. Next, the sequential features among input data are learned using a dual BLSTM network, where dual BLSTM through max‐pooling, the forward and backward long short term memory (LSTM) hidden states of both the feature matrix and its transpose concatenates for inputting into a dense, fully connected (FC) layer. Finally, the softmax function is used to classify skin disease images. To improve the generalization capability, we evaluate our method on two skin disease image datasets and compare their local image descriptors. The proposed method achieved the best mean accuracy of 91.73%, which shows significant improvements in skin disease classification compared with state‐of‐the‐art skin disease classification methods.
Small world: Narrow, wide, and long replication of Goyal, van der Leij and Moraga‐Gonzélez (JPE 2006) and a comparison of EconLit and Scopus
Authors: Rose Michael E. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryI undertake a narrow, wide, and long replication of Goyal, van der Leij and Moraga‐Gonzélez (2006, https://doi.org/10.1086/500990). Using social network analysis, they show that the Economics profession gradually evolved into a small world. Small worlds (or small world networks) have unique information transmission capabilities. The trend is explained by the emergence of frequently publishing researchers with many distinct co‐authors. In a social network, they resemble stars. The original results are robust to the usage of (I) another software, (II) a recent version of the originally used data, and (III) another database and a more sophisticated author disambiguation.
NADPH oxidases regulate endothelial inflammatory injury induced by PM2.5 via AKT/eNOS/NO axis
Authors: Zou Lingyue , Xiong Lilin , Wu Tianshu , Wei Tingting , Liu Na , Bai Changcun , Huang Xiaoquan , Hu Yuanyuan , Xue Yuying , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5)‐induced detrimental cardiovascular effects have been widely concerned, especially for endothelial cells, which is the first barrier of the cardiovascular system. Among potential mechanisms involved, reactive oxidative species take up a crucial part. However, source of oxidative stress and its relationship with inflammatory response have been rarely studied in PM2.5‐induced endothelial injury. Here, as a key oxidase that catalyzes redox reactions, NADPH oxidase (NOX) was investigated. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were exposed to Standard Reference Material 1648a of urban PM2.5 for 24 h, which resulted in NOX‐sourced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation induction. These are manifested by the up‐regulation of NOX, increase of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, elevated endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, and down‐regulation of phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) with increased levels of inducible NO synthase, as well as the imbalance between tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), and changes in the levels of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory factors. However, administration of NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 alleviated PM2.5‐induced elevated endothelial dysfunction biomarkers (NO, ET‐1, ADMA, iNOS, and tPA/PAI‐1), inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐10, and IL‐18), and adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and P‐selectin) and also passivated NOX‐dependent AKT and eNOS phosphorylation that involved in endothelial activation. In summary, PM2.5‐induced NOX up‐regulation is the source of ROS in EA.hy926, which activated AKT/eNOS/NO signal response leading to endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory damage in EA.hy926 cells.
Multiple pathways are responsible to the inhibitory effect of butorphanol on OGD/R‐induced apoptosis in AC16 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wu Qiaoling , Liu Feifei , Shen Tu , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIschemic heart disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, which is related to cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Butorphanol is an opioid receptor agonist with potential cardioprotective function. The purpose of this work is to explore the function and mechanism of butorphanol in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The overlapping targets of ischemic heart disease and butorphanol were analyzed according to GeneCards, ParmMapper, Cytoscape, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells were incubated with butorphanol and then stimulated with OGD/R. Cell injury was investigated by Cell Counting Kit‐8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit, TUNEL staining, caspase‐3 activity assay kit, and Western blotting. The proteins in signaling pathways were measured using Western blotting. A total of 93 overlapping targets of ischemic heart disease and butorphanol were obtained. Pathway analysis exhibited that these targets might be involved in multiple signaling pathways. Butorphanol alone showed little cytotoxicity to cardiomyocytes, and it protected against OGD/R‐induced viability inhibition, LDH release, cell apoptosis, and increase of caspase‐3 activity and expression levels of cleaved caspase‐3 and Bim. Butorphanol promoted the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box O (FoxO) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways and attenuated the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in OGD/R‐treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, butorphanol prevents OGD/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO and HIF‐1α/VEGF pathways and inactivating the MAPK pathway.