bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions
Authors: Contos Peter , Wood Jennifer L. , Murphy Nicholas P. , Gibb Heloise 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Restoration ecology has historically focused on reconstructing communities of highly visible taxa while less visible taxa, such as invertebrates and microbes, are ignored. This is problematic as invertebrates and microbes make up the vast bulk of biodiversity and drive many key ecosystem processes, yet they are rarely actively reintroduced following restoration, potentially limiting ecosystem function and biodiversity in these areas.

In this review, we discuss the current (limited) incorporation of invertebrates and microbes in restoration and rewilding projects. We argue that these groups should be actively rewilded during restoration to improve biodiversity, ecosystem function outcomes, and highlight how they can be used to greater effect in the future. For example, invertebrates and microbes are easily manipulated, meaning whole communities can potentially be rewilded through habitat transplants in a practice that we refer to as “whole‐of‐community” rewilding.

We provide a framework for whole‐of‐community rewilding and describe empirical case studies as practical applications of this under‐researched restoration tool that land managers can use to improve restoration outcomes.

We hope this new perspective on whole‐of‐community restoration will promote applied research into restoration that incorporates all biota, irrespective of size, while also enabling a better understanding of fundamental ecological theory, such as colonization and competition trade‐offs. This may be a necessary consideration as invertebrates that are important in providing ecosystem services are declining globally; targeting invertebrate communities during restoration may be crucial in stemming this decline.
Honest signals and sexual conflict: Female lizards carry undesirable indicators of quality
Authors: Assis Braulio A. , Avery Julian D. , Tylan Catherine , Engler Heather I. , Earley Ryan L. , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSex differences in animal coloration often result from sex‐dependent regulatory mechanisms. Still, some species exhibit incomplete sexual dimorphism as females carry a rudimentary version of a costly male trait, leading to intralocus sexual conflict. The underlying physiology and condition dependence of these traits can inform why such conflicts remain unresolved. In eastern fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus), blue iridophore badges are found in males and females, but melanin pigmentation underneath and surrounding badges is male‐exclusive. We track color saturation and area of badges across sexual maturity, and their relationship to individual quality (body condition and immunocompetence) and relevant hormones (testosterone and corticosterone). Saturation and testosterone were positively correlated in both sexes, but hormone and trait had little overlap between males and females. Saturation was correlated with body condition and immunocompetence in males but not in females. Co‐regulation by androgens may have released females from resource allocation costs of color saturation, even when in high condition. Badge area was independent of testosterone, but associated with low corticosterone in females, indicating that a nonsex hormone underlies incomplete sexual dimorphism. Given the evidence in this species for female reproductive costs associated with ornamentation, this sex‐nonspecific regulation of an honest signal may underlie intralocus sexual conflict.
Clinical phenogroups are more effective than left ventricular ejection fraction categories in stratifying heart failure outcomes
Authors: Gevaert Andreas B. , Tibebu Semra , Mamas Mamas A. , Ravindra Neal G. , Lee Shun Fu , Ahmad Tariq , Ko Dennis T. , Januzzi James L. , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) guidelines place patients into 3 discrete groups according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): reduced (<40%), mid‐range (40–49%), and preserved LVEF (≥50%). We assessed whether clinical phenogroups offer better prognostication than LVEF.Methods and resultsThis was a sub‐study of the Patient‐Centered Care Transitions in HF trial. We analysed baseline characteristics of hospitalized patients in whom LVEF was recorded. We used unsupervised machine learning to identify clinical phenogroups and, thereafter, determined associations between phenogroups and outcomes. Primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause death or rehospitalization at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcome was the composite cardiovascular death or HF rehospitalization at 6 and 12 months. Cluster analysis of 1693 patients revealed six discrete phenogroups, each characterized by a predominant comorbidity: coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), sleep apnoea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or few comorbidities. Phenogroups were LVEF independent, with each phenogroup encompassing a wide range of LVEFs. For the primary composite outcome at 6 months, the hazard ratios (HRs) for phenogroups ranged from 1.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.58 for AF] to 2.04 (95% CI 1.62–2.57 for COPD) (log‐rank P < 0.001); and at 12 months, the HRs for phenogroups ranged from 1.15 (95% CI 0.94–1.41 for AF) to 1.87 (95% 1.52–3.20 for COPD) (P < 0.002). LVEF‐based classifications did not separate patients into different risk categories for the primary outcomes at 6 months (P = 0.69) and 12 months (P = 0.30). Phenogroups also stratified risk of the secondary composite outcome at 6 and 12 months more effectively than LVEF.ConclusionAmong patients hospitalized for HF, clinical phenotypes generated by unsupervised machine learning provided greater prognostic information for a composite of clinical endpoints at 6 and 12 months compared with LVEF‐based categories.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02112227
High density lipoprotein cholesterol / C reactive protein ratio in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Tanaka Akihiro , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Shutta Ryu , Tanouchi Jun , Yamada Takahisa , Yasumura Yoshio , Tamaki Shunsuke , Hayashi Takaharu , Nakagawa Akito , Nakagawa Yusuke , Suna Shinichiro , Nakatani Daisaku , Hikoso Shungo , Sakata Yasushi ,   Osaka CardioVascular Conference (OCVC)‐Heart Failure Investigators
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe impacts of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) as an anti‐inflammatory and C reactive protein (CRP) as inflammatory properties on the pathogenesis of heart failure were reported. At present, the clinical significance of the HDL‐C/CRP ratio in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients remains unknown.Methods and resultsWe examined the data on 796 consecutive HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%) patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated heart failure from the PURSUIT‐HFpEF registry, a prospective, multicentre observational study. We calculated the HDL/CRP ratios and evaluated the relationship between the values and clinical outcomes, including degree of cardiac function. The mean follow‐up duration was 420 ± 346 days. All‐cause death occurred in 118 patients, of which 51 were cardiac deaths. HDL/CRP ≤ 4.05 was independently and significantly associated with all‐cause death (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.06–3.20, P = 0.023), and HDL/CRP ≤ 3.14 was associated with cardiac death by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis (odds ratio = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.36–6.01, P = 0.003). HDL‐C/CRP ratio significantly correlated with the product of the left atrial volume and left ventricular mass index as well as the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion by multiple regression analysis (standardized beta‐coefficient = −0.085, P = 0.034 and standardized beta‐coefficient = 0.081, P = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionsHDL‐C/CRP ratio was a useful marker for predicting all‐cause death and cardiac death and correlated with left ventricular diastolic function and right ventricular systolic function in HFpEF patients.
Effects of echo‐optimization of left ventricular assist devices on functional capacity, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lilliu Marzia , Onorati Francesco , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Faggian Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsAfter the implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), many patients continue to experience exercise intolerance. VAFRACT trial evaluates the additional benefit of LVAD echo‐guided optimization (EO) on functional capacity (FC), measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and quality of life (QoL).Methods and resultsTwenty‐seven patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to EO (EO group) vs. standard settings (CONTROL group) at least after 3 months from LVAD implant procedure. The optimal device speed was defined as the one that allows an intermittent aortic valve opening and a neutral position of the interventricular septum without increasing aortic or tricuspid regurgitation and preserving right ventricular function. The primary endpoint was peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) change after 3 months.Echo‐guided optimization significantly improves VO2 peak (from 13.2 ± 2.5 to 14.2 ± 2.5 mL/kg/min; P < 0.001), oxygen pulse (from 9.75 ± 1.46 to 10.75 ± 2.2 mL; P < 0.001), CPET exercise time (from 490 ± 98 to 526 ± 116 s; P = 0.02), 6 min walk distance (from 363 ± 54 to 391 ± 52 m; P = 0.04), and QoL, using EuroQol Five Dimensions 3L (from 0.796 ± 0.1 to 0.85 ± 0.08; P < 0.001) and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (from 81.6 ± 6.9 to 84.6 ± 5.6; P = 0.025).ConclusionsEcho‐guided optimization can significantly influence the FC and the QoL of LVAD patients. This procedure should represent a fundamental step in their clinical management, through the establishment of consolidated follow‐up protocols. Our study may represent a starting point for a future, adequately powered clinical trial with a longer term follow‐up.
Adaptive anti‐myocardial immune response following hospitalization for acute heart failure
Authors: Morbach Caroline , Beyersdorf Niklas , Kerkau Thomas , Ramos Gustavo , Sahiti Floran , Albert Judith , Jahns Roland , Ertl Georg , Angermann Christiane E. , Frantz Stefan , Hofmann Ulrich , Störk Stefan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsIt has been hypothesized that cardiac decompensation accompanying acute heart failure (AHF) episodes generates a pro‐inflammatory environment boosting an adaptive immune response against myocardial antigens, thus contributing to progression of heart failure (HF) and poor prognosis. We assessed the prevalence of anti‐myocardial autoantibodies (AMyA) as biomarkers reflecting adaptive immune responses in patients admitted to the hospital for AHF, followed the change in AMyA titres for 6 months after discharge, and evaluated their prognostic utility.Methods and resultsAMyA were determined in n = 47 patients, median age 71 (quartiles 60; 80) years, 23 (49%) female, and 24 (51%) with HF with preserved ejection fraction, from blood collected at baseline (time point of hospitalization) and at 6 month follow‐up (visit F6). Patients were followed for 18 months (visit F18). The prevalence of AMyA increased from baseline (n = 21, 45%) to F6 (n = 36, 77%; P < 0.001). At F6, the prevalence of AMyA was higher in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (n = 21, 88%) compared with patients with reduced ejection fraction (n = 14, 61%; P = 0.036). During the subsequent 12 months after F6, that is up to F18, patients with newly developed AMyA at F6 had a higher risk for the combined endpoint of death or rehospitalization for HF (hazard ratio 4.79, 95% confidence interval 1.13–20.21; P = 0.033) compared with patients with persistent or without AMyA at F6.ConclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that AHF may induce patterns of adaptive immune responses. More studies in larger populations and well‐defined patient subgroups are needed to further clarify the role of the adaptive immune system in HF progression.
Low testosterone concentrations and prediction of future heart failure in men and in women: evidence from the large FINRISK97 study
Authors: Schäfer Sarina , Aydin Muhammet Ali , Appelbaum Sebastian , Kuulasmaa Kari , Palosaari Tarja , Ojeda Francisco , Blankenberg Stefan , Jousilahti Pekka , Salomaa Veikko , Karakas Mahir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsThe increased incidence of heart failure in men suggests that endogenous sex hormones might play a role in the development of heart failure, but epidemiological data remain sparse. Here, we evaluated the predictive value of low testosterone levels on future heart failure in the large population‐based FINRISK97 study.Methods and resultsBaseline serum testosterone concentrations were measured in 7855 subjects (3865 men and 3990 women) of the FINRISK97 study. During a median follow‐up (FU) of 13.8 years, a total of 564 heart failure events were recorded. The age‐adjusted baseline testosterone levels did not differ significantly between subjects developing incident heart failure during FU and those without incident events during FU (men: 16.6 vs. 17.1 nmol/L, P = 0.75; women: 1.15 vs. 1.17 nmol/L, P = 0.32). Relevant statistically significant correlations of testosterone levels were found with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (R = 0.22; P < 0.001), body mass index (R = −0.23; P < 0.001), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (R = −0.21; P < 0.001) in men, while statistically significant correlations in women were negligible in effect size. In sex‐stratified Cox regression analyses, taking age into account, a quite strong association between low testosterone and incident heart failure was found in men [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.09–2.10); P = 0.020 for lowest vs. highest quarter], but not in women [HR 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49–0.98); P = 0.086 for lowest vs. highest quarter]. Nevertheless, this association turned non‐significant after full adjustment including body mass index and waist‐to‐hip ratio, and testosterone levels were no longer predictive for incident heart failure—neither in men [HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.70–1.42); P = 0.77 for lowest vs. highest quarter] nor in women [HR 0.92 (95% CI: 0.64–1.33); P = 0.99 for lowest vs. highest quarter]. Accordingly, Kaplan–Meier analyses did not reveal significant association of testosterone levels with heart failure.ConclusionsLow levels of testosterone do not independently predict future heart failure.
Clinical impact of heart rate change in patients with acute heart failure in the early phase
Authors: Kazama Shingo , Kondo Toru , Shibata Naoki , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Nishiyama Itsumure , Kato Toshiaki , Sawamura Akinori , Kimura Yuki , Oishi Hideo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Morimoto Ryota , Okumura Takahiro , Shimizu Kiyokazu , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsPatients with acute heart failure (AHF) often present with an increased heart rate (HR), and the HR changes dramatically after initial treatment for AHF. However, the HR change after admission and the relationship between HR change in the early phase and prognosis have not been fully elucidated.Methods and resultsFrom a multicentre AHF registry, we retrospectively evaluated 1527 consecutive patients admitted with AHF. HR change (%) was calculated by [HR (at admission) − HR (24 h after admission)] × 100∕HR (at admission). The median HR change was 15.1% (range, 2.0–28.4%). The HR decreased most in the first 24 h and then gradually thereafter [admission: 98 (81–117) b.p.m., 24 h: 80 (70–92) b.p.m., 48 h: 78 (68–90) b.p.m., and 72 h: 77 (67–88) b.p.m.]. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, the cumulative event‐free rates in the composite endpoint of death and rehospitalization due to AHF showed better according to larger HR change (P = 0.012, log rank). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that HR change was a prognostic factor for composite endpoint adjusted by age and sex [hazard ratio, 0.995; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.991–0.998; P = 0.006]. HR change was associated with outcome adjusted by age and sex in patients with sinus rhythm (hazard ratio, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.988–0.999; P = 0.015), but not in patients with atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.990–1.002; P = 0.15).ConclusionsA decrease in HR in the first 24 h after admission indicates better prognosis in patients with AHF, although the prognostic influence may differ between patients with sinus rhythm and those with atrial fibrillation.
Copper Nanoflowers on Carbon Cloth as a Flexible Electrode Toward Both Enzymeless Electrocatalytic Glucose and H2O2
Authors: Yuan Kun , Zhang Yuchan , Huang Shihao , Yang Shengfei , Zhao Shuang , Liu Fangxin , Peng Qianyu , Zhao Yinping , Zhang Guangyuan , Fan Jingchuan , Zang Guangchao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a novel electrochemical sensor for glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was successfully developed through the use of Cu nanoflowers (CuNFs) combined with flexible carbon cloth (CC) substrate. The 3D flower‐like CuNFs in size uniformly and firmly grow on CC substrate by a facile, scalable, one‐step hydrothermal strategy. Morphology, size and surface property of the prepared CuNFs/CC were examined by SEM, EDS and TEM, respectively. The electrochemical mechanism of CuNFs/CC for glucose and H2O2 detection was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. High electrochemical performances were displayed with amperometric i‐t curves including a wide linear range from 1.0 nM to 6.0 mM for glucose and from 1.0 μM to 36.66 mM for H2O2, respectively. Good sensitivity, repeatability, and stability, as well as anti‐interference ability, the carbon cloth‐supported CuNFs will be the promising materials for fabricating practical non‐enzymatic glucose and H2O2 sensors.
Highly sensitive and efficient hydrazine sensor probe development based on MoO3/CuO/ZnO ternary mixed metal oxide nano‐composites for sustainable environment
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Saha Pallab Chandra , Akand Mohammad Arifur Rahman , Asiri Abdullah M. , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, by using a co‐precipitation method MoO3/CuO/ZnO nanocomposite material was synthesized. Then the prepared material was fully characterized by using XRD (X‐ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy), CV (cyclic voltammetry), and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy). Zeta potential and hydrodynamic size were measured using a Zetasizer in PBS buffer. By using Scherrer's formula from XRD, particle size was determined which was around 26.5 nm. For the promising chemical sensor development, MoO3/CuO/ZnO nanocomposite material was fabricated onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to provide a sensor probe with a fast response towards the selective hydrazine (HZ) toxin in phosphate buffer phase. The fabricated sensor probe is exhibited good sensitivity and long‐term stability as well as enhanced electrochemical performances. A calibration plot was found linear in the range of 0.2 nM to 2.0 mM (linear dynamic range, LDR) in presence of aqueous HZ solutions with highest sensitivity value and lower limit of detection and good limit of quantification (LOQ). This approach is promising as an efficient technique in developing a highly effective sensor probe with ternary metal oxides for detecting environmental pollutants on a broad scale.
Optimization of gamma‐aminobutyric acid production by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 in dairy sludge‐based culture medium through response surface methodology
Authors: Falah Fereshteh , Vasiee Alireza , Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Tabatabaee Yazdi Farideh , Mortazavi Seyed Ali 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a pharmaceutical, bioactive amino acid that can produce by some species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). For the first time, we evaluated the production of GABA by Lactobacillus brevis PML1 in the medium that contain the contaminant food bio‐product like dairy sludge and soybean meal. GABA production was analyzed by chromatography (TLC, HPLC) and the features of fermented extract which contains this amino acid were evaluated. The results of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of Central Composite Design (CCD) at p < .05 showed 300 ppm of GABA production in optimal treatment including 14.77% dairy sludge powder, 6.27% soybean meal, and 0.49% ammonium sulfate (32°C for 120 hr fermentation). The results of fermented extract also showed the acceptable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and toxicity (against cancer cell) properties. Also, L. brevis PML1has not shown any hemolytic or DNase activity which confirm its safety aspects. According to the results, this new culture can be used as a cheap substrate to biological production of GABA, by L. brevis PML1 in various food and pharmaceutical formulations.
Efficiency in the Atlantic salmon futures market
Authors: Andersen Bendik P. , de Lange Petter E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we examine the efficiency and unbiasedness of Atlantic salmon futures prices. Market participants use the Fish Pool futures market to hedge the increasingly volatile salmon spot price. We further examine the futures market's predictive accuracy, comparing it to a variety of proprietary prediction models. Our results show that futures prices are efficient and unbiased in the long‐run, while being biased and inefficient in the short‐run. Moreover, we find that futures prices provide an adequate price discovery function for most contracts, while suffering from magnified risk premiums due to few noncommercial traders.
Determining the origin and changing shape of landscape‐scale rock formations with three‐dimensional modelling: The Borologa rock shelters, Kimberley region, Australia
Authors: Genuite Kim , Delannoy Jean‐Jacques , David Bruno , Unghango Augustine , Corporation Balanggarra Aboriginal , Cazes Gaël , Fulop Reka , Fink David , Codilean Alexandru , Ouzman Sven , Veth Peter , Harper Sam , Green Helen , Finch Damien , Urwin Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArchaeologists often wonder how and when rock shelters formed, yet their origins and antiquity are almost never systematically investigated. Here we present a new method to determine how and when individual boulders and rock shelters came to lie in their present landscape settings. We do so through 3D laser (LiDAR) mapping, illustrating the method by example of the Borologa Aboriginal site complex in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Through a combination of geomorphological study and high‐resolution 3D modelling, individual blocks of rock are refitted and repositioned t680their originating cliff‐line. Preliminary cosmogenic nuclide ages on exposed vertical cliff faces and associated detached boulders above the Borologa archaeological sites signal very slow detachment rates for the mass movements of large blocks down the Drysdale Valley slopes, suggesting relative landscape stability over hundreds of thousands of years (predating the arrival of people). These findings offer hitherto unknown details of the pace of regional landscape evolution and move us toward a better understanding of patterns of human occupation in a context of relatively stable rock outcrops both within the sites and across the region.