bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Leaf Hydraulic Traits of Schoenoplectus Tabernaemontani To Increasing Temperature and CO2 Concentrations
Authors: Zhao Yao , SUN Mei , Guo Huijun , Feng Chunhui , Liu Zhenya , Xu Junping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Against the background of a changing climate, the responses of functional traits of plateau wetland plants to increasing temperatures and CO2 concentrations need to be understood. Hydraulic traits are the key for plants to maintain their ecological functions and affect their growth and survival. However, few studies have comprehensively considered the response strategies of wetland plants' hydraulic traits to environmental changes in the context of water and matter transport, loss, and retention. According to the latest IPCC prediction results, we performed experiments under increased temperature (2℃) and CO2 levels (850 µmol/mol) in an artificial Sealed-top Chamber (STC) to investigate the responses of the hydraulic characteristics of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, the dominant species in plateau wetlands in China.
Results
Compared with the CK group, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal length, cuticle thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area of S. tabernaemontani in the ET group were significantly reduced, whereas stomatal density and vein density increased significantly. Compared with the CK group, the hydraulic traits of S. tabernaemontani in the EC group were reduced considerably in stomatal length and cuticle thickness but increased dramatically in stomatal density, and there were no significant differences between other parameter values and the control group. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly positively correlated with stomatal length, cuticle thickness, and vascular bundle length, and stomatal conductance was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness. The transpiration rate was significantly positively correlated with cuticle thickness, epidermal cell area, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area. Regarding the hydraulic traits, there was a significant negative correlation between stomatal density and stomatal length, or cuticle thickness, and a significant positive correlation between the latter two. The epidermal cell area was significantly positively correlated with epidermal thickness, vascular bundle length, vascular bundle width, and vascular bundle area
Conclusions
Increased temperature and CO2 levels are not conducive to the photosynthetic activity of S. tabernaemontani. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and size, vein density, epidermal structure size, and vascular bundle size play an essential role in the adaptation of this species to changes in temperature and CO2 concentration. In the process of adaptation, hydraulic traits are not isolated from each other, and there is a functional association among traits. This study provide a scientific basis for the management and protection of plateau wetlands.
A Retrospective Comparative Study of Local Anesthesia Only and Local Anesthesia with Sedation for Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Yang Liu , Pan Yu-Lin , Liu Chun-Zhi , Guo De-Xin , Zhao Xin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare surgical experience and clinical outcomes of lumbar disk herniation (LDH) patients treated with percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) using local anesthesia only and local anesthesia with sedation. Ninety-two consecutive LDH patients were divided into four groups: control group (Con Group), dexmedetomidine group (Dex Group), oxycodone group (Oxy Group), and dexmedetomidine + oxycodone group (Dex + Oxy Group). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), Ramsay score and VAS score were compared before anesthesia (T1), working cannula establishment (T2), nucleus pulposus removal (T3), and immediately postoperative (T4). Surgical duration, hospitalization and MacNab criteria were evaluated. In control group, MAP and HR at T2 and T3 were higher than T1 (P < 0.05). In Dex, Oxy, and Dex + Oxy groups, MAP and HR at T2, T3, T4 were lower than T1, but Ramsay scores at T2, T3, T4 were higher than T1 (P < 0.05). VAS scores in all groups were improved postoperative (p>0.05). The clinical outcomes have no significant differences among the four groups (P > 0.05). We concluded that the combination of dexmedetomidine and oxycodone under local anesthesia is an effective method to improve surgical experience and reduce anxiety in suitable LDH patients.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Two 4-Coumarate: Coa Ligase Genes in Tea Plant (Camellia Sinensis)
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Guo Lili , Wang Yeru , Li Yanzhi , Jiang Xiaolan , Liu Yajun , Xie Deyu , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Tea is rich in flavonoids benefiting human health. Lignin is essential for tea plant growth. Both flavonoids and lignin defend plants from stresses. The biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids shares a key intermediate, p-coumaroyl-CoA, which is formed from p-coumaric acid catalyzed by p-coumaric acid: CoA ligase (4CL). Herein, we reported two 4CL paralogs from tea plant, Cs4CL1 and Cs4CL2, which were a member of class I and II, respectively. Cs4CL1 was mainly expressed in roots and stems, while Cs4CL2 was mainly expressed in leaves. The promoter of Cs4CL1 had AC, light and stress-inducible (LSI), and meristem-specific elements, while that of Cs4CL2 had AC and LSI elements only. Moreover, the promoter of Cs4CL1 had two more stress-inducible elements than Cs4CL2 had and the two promoters had six different light-inducible elements. These features suggested their differences in their responses to environmental conditions. Three stress treatments indicated that the expression of Cs4CL1 was sensitive to mechanical wounding, while the expression of Cs4CL2 was UV-B-inducible. Enzymatic assay showed that both recombinant Cs4CL1 and Cs4CL2 transformed p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid to their corresponding CoA ethers. Kinetic analysis indicated that the recombinant Cs4CL1 preferred to catalyze caffeic acid, while the recombinant Cs4CL2 favored to catalyze p-coumaric acid. The overexpression of both Cs4CL1 and Cs4CL2 increased the levels of chlorogenic acid and total lignin in transgenic tobacco seedlings. In addition, the overexpression of Cs4CL2 increased the levels of three flavonoid compounds. These findings indicate the differences of Cs4CL1 and Cs4CL2 in the phenylpropanoid metabolism.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Potential Gastric Cancer Prognostic Biomarker ITGBL1 Associated With Immune Infiltration and Epithelial–mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Wang Zhe , Fu Liu , Zhang Junjie , Ge Yanli , Guo Cheng , Wang Rui , Deng Min , Wang Qizhi , Wang Zhirong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Integrin, beta-like 1 (ITGBL1) is involved in a variety of human malignancies. However, the information on the involvement of ITGBL1 in gastric carcinoma (GC) is limited. Hence, this study aimed to further explore the functions and mechanisms of ITGBL1 in GC. Methods: First, multiple bioinformatics databases, including Oncomine, Timer, UALCAN, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter, were used to predict the expression level and prognostic value of ITGBL1, as well as its association with immune infiltration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis were used to to detect the expression of ITGBL1 in both GC tissues and cells. Then, targeted silencing of ITGBL1 in GC cells was further to examine the biological functions of ITGBL1.Results: These databases revealed that ITGBL1 was overexpressed and affected the overall survival in GC. Besides, the expression of ITGBL1 positively correlated with immune-infiltrating cells and EMT-related markers. Subsequently, molecular biology experiments verified these predictions. In GC tissues and cells, ITGBL1 was notably overexpressed. Loss-of-function studies showed that the knockdown of ITGBL1 significantly suppressed migration and invasion but promoted apoptosis in MGC803 GC cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of ITGBL1 resulted in remarkably increased protein expression levels of cadherin 1 (CDH1), while the expression of Vimentin, Snail, and TGF-β1 was downregulated, indicating the initiation and progression of GC caused by ITGBL1 partly via inducing EMT. Conclusion: To sum up, the findings indicated that ITGBL1 acted as a valuable oncogenic factor in GC.
Identification of Key Genes, miRNAs and miRNAs-mRNA Regulatory Pathways for Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Wenwen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy resistance, especially platinum resistance, is the main cause of poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. It is of great urgency to find molecular markers and mechanism related to platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.Methods: One mRNA dataset (GSE28739) and one miRNA dataset (GSE25202) were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R tool was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs were performed using the DAVID to present the most visibly enriched pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was constructed based on the information of the STRING database. Hub genes related to platinum resistance were visualized by Cytoscape software. Then, we chose seven interested hub genes to further validate using qRT-PCR in A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines. And, at last, the TF-miRNA-target genes regulatory network was predicted and constructed using miRNet software.Results: A total of 63 upregulated DEGs, 124 downregulated DEGs, 4 upregulated miRNAs and 6 downregulated miRNAs were identified. From the PPI network, the top 10 hub genes were identified, which were associated with platinum resistance. Our further qRT-PCR showed that seven hub genes (BUB1, KIF2C, NUP43, NDC80, NUF2, CCNB2 and CENPN) were differentially expressed in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the upstream transcription factors (TF) for upregulated DE-miRNAs were SMAD4, NFKB1, SMAD3, TP53 and HNF4A. Three overlapping downstream target genes (KIF2C, STAT3 and BUB1) were identified by miRNet, which was regulated by hsa-miR-494.Conclusions: The TF-miRNA–mRNA regulatory pairs, that is TF (SMAD4, NFKB1 and SMAD3)-miR-494-target genes (KIF2C, STAT3 and BUB1), were established. In conclusion, the present study is of great significance to find the key genes of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Further study is needed to identify the mechanism of these genes in ovarian cancer.
The Immune-Related PRF1 May Interact with Component 3 to Facilitate a Favorable Prognosis of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Qi Bingran , Lv Mengzhu , Zheng Chang , Li Kezhu , Jin Shifeng , Dong Yuqing , Shao Yining , Guo Shu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed the immune cytolytic activity (CYT) mediated by Perforin 1 (PRF1) is associated with a favorable prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and displays significant differences between primary and metastatic SKCM. However, the role of PRF1 in SKCM is poorly understood. Methods By comparing the PRF1 co-expression network between metastatic and primary SKCM, we identified the potential hub genes interacting with PRF1 and then verified their correlation in lung metastatic melanoma cell lines. Survival analysis was performed for the four groups of SKCM defined by the median expression values of PRF1 and C3. Meanwhile, the possible relationship of PRF1 with immunotherapy response is investigated in the melanoma expression profile of an adoptive T cell therapy dataset.Results Almost all primary co-expression genes (n= 502, 96.91%) and more than half of metastasis-specific co-expression genes (n= 830) were identified in metastatic SKCMs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that extensive CYT-related biological processes were disturbed in the metastatic SKCM, including immune response activation and inflammation response. The hub gene C3 showed a positive correlation with PRF1 in multiple datasets. Prognosis analysis indicated that the group with high expression of both PRF1 and C3 showed the best prognosis. Moreover, high expression of PRF1 and C3 is associated with positive immunotherapy response. Besides, we identified five human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes as the central nodes of the PPI network.Conclusions Remarkable alterations in the CYT-related biological processes were observed between primary and metastatic SKCMs. Preliminary results demonstrate that PRF1 may act synergistically with C3 to facilitate the favorable prognosis of SKCM.
A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Transcription Factor Forkhead Box O-3: FOXO3
Authors: cai Guiyang , Li Jiacheng , Yang Qing , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Although available cell - or animal- based evidence supports the relationship between transcription factor FOXO3 and cancers, so far, there has been no pan-cancer analysis of FOXO3. Methods: We thus first carry on a pan-cancer analysis of FOXO3 across multiple tumors via several online websites based on the datasets of TCGA, including statistical correlations of FOXO3 expression with clinical prognosis, protein phosphorylation, cancer-associated fibroblasts infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and relevant cellular pathway. Results: FOXO3 was usually as an anti-tumor gene in KIRC, BLCA, CESC, UVM, LUAD and BRCA cancers, while a higher level of FOXO3 may have a certain cancer-promoting effect. As FOXO3 usually played a cancer-promoting role in ERα- BRCA but in ERα+ BRCA played an anti-tumor role, which may be due to transcription factor ERα translocating FOXO3 to the cytoplasm to weaken the transcription activity of FOXO3. FOXO3 activates autophagy related genes through transcription to maintain the occurrence of basal autophagy when basal autophagy is inhibited. However, FOXO3 can also induce apoptosis through transcription of pro-apoptotic genes if autophagy inhibition persists. The expression of phosphorylated FOXO3 protein at different sites may also affect its transcriptional activity by changing its shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Therefore, When we analyze the functions of FOXO3 in a specific type of cancer, we should combine with the expression of FOXO3, the alteration status of FOXO3, the overall phosphorylation status of FOXO3, the basic autophagy status, the expression levels of ERα, SIRT1, CBP, FKBP5, RERE and SMAD4, and cancer-associated fibroblasts subtype, even consider the KRAS mutation, P53 mutation or non-genetic factors which can influence the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the specific type of cancer. Conclusions: Our first pan-cancer study has provided a relatively comprehensive understanding of the role of FOXO3 in different tumors, and will give some help and enlightenment to later researchers who study the role of FOXO3 in various cancers.
Distribution and Transmission Patterns of Respiratory Tract Bacterial Species Among Individuals in Close Contact
Authors: Zhao Na , Lian Xingxing , Du Juan , Ren Hongyu , Zhao Tianshuo , Lu Qingbin , Li Yinan , Cui Fuqiang , Qin Tian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Outbreaks of respiratory diseases tend to occur in individuals who live in communities, such as students, factory workers, troops, and prisons, because they are in close contact with each other. However, little is known about the transmission mode of nasopharyngeal microbiota in healthy people living in clusters. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the distribution of transmission patterns of respiratory tract flora in individuals who have close contact over time to provide a basis for the prevention and control of respiratory diseases. Result: Thirty-six freshmen in Peking University Medical School volunteered for this study. Throat swab samples were collected on the first day of enrollment and on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day of living together. Streptococcaceae , Bacillaceae , and Neisseriaceae were the most abundant bacterial groups in the cohort. The bacterial community was found to change with time, and the similarity in bacterial community between dormitory members also changed with time. When the dormitory members had lived together for 15 days, the bacterial community had the highest similarity, but it declined thereafter. However, on the 60th day, it was still higher than the similarity on the first day (before they started living together). The transmission patterns of respiratory tract bacteria were spreading with colonization, spreading without colonization, and non-spreading. The bacteria that spread and colonized easily mainly belonged to core genuses (It was defined as that detected in more than 90% of the samples). Bacteria that could spread easily but did not colonize mainly belonged to soft-core genuses (It was defined as that detected in 10%–90% of the samples). The non-spreading bacteria mainly belonged to rare genuses (It was defined as that found in less than 10% of the samples). Conclusions: These findings indicate that it is important to monitor the incidence and spread of bacteria belonging to the core genuses in order to prevent the spread of bacterial respiratory pathogens.
Frontal Functional Connectivity Impairment in Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Plaza-Rosales Ivan , Montefusco-Siegmund Rodrigo , Madariaga Samuel , Brunetti Enzo , Behrens María Isabel , Paula-Lima Andrea , Maldonado Pedro E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Many neurophysiological markers such as neuronal oscillations, cortical neuronal synchronization and long-range neuronal coupling have been suggested to permit the identification of early cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is still unclear whether alterations in long-range Functional Connectivity (FC) constitute part of early mechanisms in the initial stages of AD.MethodsEighteen participants (69-88 years old), classified as early AD and matching healthy controls, were evaluated while performing a virtual spatial navigation task. We combined electroencephalography (EEG) and eye movement recordings during the performance of a virtual version of the Morris Water Maze (VMWM), where participants had to find a submerged, invisible platform. The groups were compared in their navigation performance with different metrics of brain activity.ResultsWe found that the subjects of both groups showed characteristic visual exploration patterns, with a central and over the horizontal midline exploration in controls and more peripheral and sparse fixations, in early AD subjects. In addition, regions in visual exploration between the groups were significantly different. The control group presented a marked occipital activity in the beta band (15-20 Hz) in comparison to the early AD group at early processing time. These differences in the beta band were much more robust in prefrontal regions with significant differences in the frontal cortex, which has been associated with spatial navigation tasks in addition to planning and decision making.ConclusionsThese results suggest that long-range Functional connectivity networks generated from early visual activity contribute to the mechanisms involved in the loss of spatial encoding at the early stages of AD.
Identification of foods to monitor the sodium content of processed foods for developing a sodium reduction program in the Philippines
Authors: Amarra Maria Sofia , Capanzana Mario , Gironella Glen , Reyes Francisco de los 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

In response to the global target for reduction in salt intake, several countries have implemented population sodium reduction strategies. These strategies include identification of major sources of sodium in the diet and reformulation of a set number of products available on the market. This study aimed to identify processed foods that can be targeted for reformulation and whose sodium content can be monitored over time in order to reduce sodium intake in the Philippines. The objectives were to: 1) Estimate per capita sodium intake from minimally processed and processed food groups by income quintile and urban/rural location; 2) Identify foods that contribute to the variance in per capita sodium intake that can be used as indicators for monitoring the sodium content of Philippine processed foods. One-day household food weighing data covering 4880 households from the 2008 National Nutrition Survey was used. Per capita sodium consumption from processed and minimally processed food categories and percentiles of sodium intake from these categories by income quintile and urban/rural location were obtained. The percentage contribution of different food categories to mean per capita sodium intake was calculated. Specific foods that contributed to the variance in sodium intake among Filipinos were identified.
Results

Foods which significantly accounted for 99.4% of the variance in sodium intake were 13 types of processed foods and 2 types of minimally processed foods. The category Processed Soup, Sauces, and Flavor Enhancers contributed the greatest proportion to per capita sodium intake. Specific processed foods that contributed to the variance in per capita sodium intake were instant noodles, traditional fermented condiments and sauces, dried and processed meat, fish, and poultry products, salted eggs, white bread and pan de sal (a traditional Filipino bread), wheat and egg noodles, crispy cereal chips and extruded snacks, butter and margarine, cheese, and chocolate-based beverages.
Conclusion

Identifying processed foods that significantly contribute to sodium intake, followed by reformulating and monitoring the sodium content of these foods over time should be considered as one strategy to reduce sodium intake in the Philippines.
Recycling of clastics in coastal areas: Quantitative analysis based on reworked radiocarbon samples
Authors: Tanabe Susumu , Nakanishi Toshimichi , Nakashima Rei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Studies of the evolution of coastal lowlands since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) typically ignore radiocarbon data from sediment samples that have undergone reworking. However, these samples contain information on their sediment sources and their timing of redeposition. We analyzed 738 radiocarbon dates obtained from shell and plant material in samples of post-LGM coastal sediment from north of Tokyo Bay. Of these samples, 245 (33%) had reworked ages. Furthermore, the percentage of reworked samples and their average age offsets increased with the depth of the water environment (terrestrial, 15% and 360 ± 250 years, respectively; intertidal, 26% and 470 ± 620 years; subtidal, 39% and 550 ± 630 years). Taking these radiocarbon samples as a proxy for clastic material, our results imply that channel erosion accounted for relatively little clastic removal in the terrestrial and intertidal environments in short duration, whereas ~40% of clastics were removed by storm winnowing and transported in stepwise fashion to deeper water in long duration and ~60% were transported by floods directly from river mouths in the subtidal environments. These findings imply that radiocarbon ages from reworked samples can be used to quantify clastic recycling processes and their history in coastal areas.