bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal coupling inference from multivariate time series based on ordinal partition transition networks
Authors: Subramaniyam Narayan Puthanmadam , Donner Reik V. , Caron Davide , Panuccio Gabriella , Hyttinen Jari 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIdentifying causal relationships is a challenging yet crucial problem in many fields of science like epidemiology, climatology, ecology, genomics, economics and neuroscience, to mention only a few. Recent studies have demonstrated that ordinal partition transition networks (OPTNs) allow inferring the coupling direction between two dynamical systems. In this work, we generalize this concept to the study of the interactions among multiple dynamical systems and we propose a new method to detect causality in multivariate observational data. By applying this method to numerical simulations of coupled linear stochastic processes as well as two examples of interacting nonlinear dynamical systems (coupled Lorenz systems and a network of neural mass models), we demonstrate that our approach can reliably identify the direction of interactions and the associated coupling delays. Finally, we study real-world observational microelectrode array electrophysiology data from rodent brain slices to identify the causal coupling structures underlying epileptiform activity. Our results, both from simulations and real-world data, suggest that OPTNs can provide a complementary and robust approach to infer causal effect networks from multivariate observational data.
Experimental practices and objectivity in the social sciences: re-embedding construct validity in the internal–external validity distinction
Authors: Jiménez-Buedo María , Russo Federica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe experimental revolution in the social sciences is one of the most significant methodological shifts undergone by the field since the ‘quantitative revolution’ in the nineteenth century. One of the often valued features of social science experimentation is precisely the fact that there are (alleged) clear methodological rules regarding hypothesis testing that come from the methods of the natural sciences and from the methodology of RCTs in the biomedical sciences, and that allow for the adjudication among contentious causal claims. We examine critically this claim and argue that some current understandings of the practices that surround social science experimentation overestimate the degree to which experiments can actually fulfil this role as “objective” adjudicators, by neglecting the importance of shared background knowledge or assumptions and of consensus regarding the validity of the constructs involved in an experiment. We take issue with the way the distinction between internal and external validity is often used to comment on the inferential import of experiments, used both among practitioners and among philosophers of science. We describe the ways in which the more common (dichotomous) use of the internal/external distinction differs from Cook and Campbell’s original methodological project, in which construct validity and the four-fold validity typology were all important in assessing the inferential import of experiments. We argue that the current uses of the labels internal and external, as applied to experimental validity, help to encroach a simplistic view on the inferential import of experiments that, in turn, misrepresents their capacity to provide objective knowledge about the causal relations between variables.
Multitasking NPOs: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Funding Intentions and Nonprofit Capacities
Authors: Stühlinger Sara , Hersberger-Langloh Sophie E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNonprofit organizations (NPOs) often find themselves under pressure to invest all of their available income in mission-related activities rather than in capacity building. We investigate one factor that can influence the decision to invest in such capacity-building tasks: funding sources pursued by an organization. Drawing on the benefits theory of nonprofit finance, we take these funding sources as predetermined by an organization’s mission and propose an extension of the theory by linking it to economic multitasking theory, which states that organizations prioritize tasks that offer greater and more measurable rewards. Through regression analyses of survey data from Swiss nonprofits, we analyze the extent to which funding sources sought affect the amount of effort invested in three areas of capacity building: public relations, impact focus, and resource attraction parameters. The results support the predictions of multitasking theory by showing that the effort invested in certain capacity-building tasks is affected considerably by seeking a specific funding source. The effects are stronger for resource attraction-related tasks than for tasks closer to the service delivery of NPOs. The results indicate that an organization’s mission affects not only the available funding sources but also the extent to which an organization invests in its capacities, which can lead to a ‘lock-in’ status for organizations.
A case of periosteal fasciitis located in the mandible in a child
Authors: Eida Sato , Hotokezaka Yuka , Sasaki Miho , Hotokezaka Hitoshi , Fujita Shuichi , Katayama Ikuo , Takagi Yukinori , Sumi Misa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeriosteal fasciitis (PF), a subtype of nodular fasciitis, is an uncommon benign soft-tissue mass that originates from the periosteum or tissues adjacent to bones. PF has rarely seen in children, especially involving in the mandible. This case report presents a rare case of PF originating from the periosteum of the mandible in an 11-year-old girl. She was referred to our hospital with fast-growing painless swelling in her left mandible. Computed tomography revealed an exophytic juxtacortical mass eroding the lower part of the left mandible and lower mandibular cortex with a periosteal reaction. The mass showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the lesion found to be moderate. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI revealed a gradual increment pattern in the central region of the mass. On 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), relatively high 18F-FDG uptake was observed on the early scan and the 18F-FDG uptake was declined on the delayed scan. The clinical and conventional radiological findings of the mass were suggestive of malignancy. However, the findings of ADC and dynamic MRI and dual-time-point FDG-PET/CT favored benign etiology over malignant etiology. Histological and immunohistochemical findings along with reactive ossification of the periosteum confirmed the diagnosis of PF. Currently, comprehensive examinations, such as clinical, imaging, and histopathological examinations, are recommended for the definitive diagnosis of PF, while MRI and dual-time-point FDG-PET/CT could have a potential usefulness to differentiate from malignancy.
An investigation of qualitative variations of groundwater resources under municipal wastewater recharge using numerical and laboratory models, Nazarabad plain, Iran
Authors: Amiri Nezhla , Nakhaei Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMunicipal wastewater irrigation induces elevated concentrations of heavy metals in the soil which their further leaching leads to groundwater contamination in the long run. In this study, both column experiment and 5-year prediction modeling using HYDRUS-1D were conducted to investigate the probable adsorption and transport of 10 different metals including As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn in an alkaline soil from Nazarabad plain in Iran which has been irrigated with treated urban wastewater for several years. The obtained results revealed that reaching the equilibrium rate for the mentioned elements during 1825 days (= 5 years) was as follows: Mo > Cr > Rb > Zn > Ni > Ba> Sr > Pb > As> Cu. The finding implies that molybdenum (Mo) and copper (Cu) are the most mobile and the most adsorbent heavy metals in the soil, respectively. Higher mobility poses the greater potential risk of leaching into groundwater resources. Overall, experimental and numerical modelings had good accordance and were capable of describing the actual condition.
Ex situ phytoremediation trial of Sardinian mine waste using a pioneer plant species
Authors: Boi Maria Enrica , Cappai Giovanna , De Giudici Giovanni , Medas Daniela , Piredda Martina , Porceddu Marco , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe mitigation of metals contamination is currently a crucial issue for the reclamation of mine sites. Indeed, mine wastes are often disposed in open dumps and consequently pollutants are subjected to dispersion in the surrounding areas. In this study, the potential use ofHelichrysum microphyllumsubsp.tyrrhenicumfor phytostabilization was evaluated in ex situ conditions. Ninety specimens were randomly selected and were planted in three substrates (reference substrate, mine waste materials, and mine wastes with compost). Mineralogical compositions of substrates, rhizosphere, and roots were assessed through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations of substrates, rhizosphere, soil pore waters, and plant tissues were determined. The phytostabilization potential was determined through the application of biological accumulation coefficient (BAC), biological concentration factor (BCF), and translocation factor (TF). Moreover, survival and biometric parameters were assessed on plant specimens. The polluted substrates and related rhizosphere materials were mainly composed of dolomite, quartz, pyrite, and phyllosilicate. Zn was the most abundant metal in substrates, rhizosphere, and soil pore waters. XRD analysis on roots showed the presence of amorphous cellulose and quartz and Zn was the most abundant metal in plant tissues.H. microphyllumsubsp.tyrrhenicumrestricts the accumulation of the metals into roots limiting their translocation in aereal parts, indicating its potential use as phytostabilizer (BCF, BAC, TF < 1). Survival and growth data showed a great adaptability to different substrates, with an evident positive effect of the implementation of compost which increased the plant survival and decreased the metals uptake into roots.
Wenn die Kamera dunkel bleibt – Psychodramatische Überlegungen zur Rolle digitaler Medien beim Lehren und Lernen.
Authors: Krauskopf Karsten 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie (ZPS) entwickelt aus psychodramatischer Perspektive die These, digitale Medien nicht nur als Lernwerkzeuge auf einer kognitiven, sozialen und handlungsnahen Ebene zu verstehen, sondern auch ihren Einfluss auf Begrenzung und Ermöglichung soziometrischer Wahlen in Lehr-Lern-Settings zu betrachten. Ausgehend von einem Einblick in aktuelle Konzepte der pädagogisch-psychologischen Forschung wird das Konzept des Aufforderungscharakters – Affordanzen – digitaler Medien eingeführt. Anhand einer Vignette aus dem hochschuldidaktischen Kontext werden mögliche „Verführungen“ durch Medien im Hinblick auf soziometrisches Handeln rekonstruiert und vor dem Hintergrund von Rollenerwartungen und Morenos Konzept der Begegnung diskutiert.
A taxonomic revision of Acanthaceae tribe Barlerieae in Angola and Namibia. Part 2
Authors: Darbyshire Iain , Manzitto-Tripp Erin A. , Chase Frances M. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe second part of a taxonomic revision of the tribe Barlerieae (Acanthaceae) in Angola and Namibia coversBarleriasects.SomaliaandStellatohirta. Thirty-one taxa including 27 accepted species are treated. Four new species (Barleria eburnea,B. imatensis,B. louiseanaandB. thunbergiiflora), one new subspecies (B. kacondensissubsp.glabrescens) and one new variety (B. violascensvar.humpatana) are described. In addition,B. taitensisS.Moore var.occidentalisS.Moore is elevated to subspecies status andB. newtoniiLindau is resurrected as a distinct species endemic to the Lubango Highlands of Angola. Full descriptions, citations of types and representative specimens, and notes on their habitat(s), ecology and biogeography are provided for each taxon. Thirteen names inBarleriaare lectotypified and a neotype is selected forB. newtonii. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status and extinction risk is provided for each taxon. Of the 31 taxa enumerated, five are assessed as Endangered, two as Vulnerable, two as Near Threatened, and 13 are of Least Concern, whilst nine are currently considered to be Data Deficient. This contribution completes our revision ofBarleriain Angola and Namibia, with 59 accepted species, four additional subspecies, four additional varieties and two incompletely known taxa documented in total. A remarkable 75% of the taxa are endemic or near-endemic to Angola and Namibia.
Thief-zone plugging mechanism and application of calcite particles in fractured formations
Authors: Li Jiaxue , Li Shuanggui , Pan Lijuan , Gao Wei , Sun Jie , Qin Meng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLost circulation in fractured strata during drilling incurs additional costs and leads to difficulties in promoting drilling safety and efficiency. Plugging-while-drilling is a feasible means to address lost circulation in fractured formations. The particle size distribution (PSD) of plugging particles is determined empirically; therefore, it is often not matched with the fracture sealing requirement. This study investigates the lost circulation mechanism of fractured strata and identifies a calcite particle-based material as the preferred plugging agent. The plugging mechanism and the design of PSD and particle concentration are demonstrated. Based on the concentration, a plugging-while-drilling technique was developed for fractured strata. The results show that calcite particles tend to form the filling layer at the fracture inlet, which cuts off the leakage of the drilling fluid into the fracture, eliminating the drilling fluid pressure applied on the fracture surface. Thus, a stable sealing for the fractured formation is achieved, and the pressure-bearing capacity of the borehole wall is increased. The result also reveals the optimal mixing and concentration models for calcite particles with various diameters. The plugging technique based on calcite particles for fractured formations is applied in a field experiment. The results confirm that the technique can improve the chance of lost circulation prevention and thief-zone plugging in fractured strata and remarkably reduce both the event quantity of lost circulation and the volume of circulation loss. The findings of this research lay a theoretical basis to address lost circulation in fractured formations and, thus, have important practical significance.
Couple Religiosity, Male Headship, Intimate Partner Violence, and Infidelity
Authors: DeRose Laurie F. , Johnson Byron R. , Wang Wendy , Salazar-Arango Andrés 
Published: June 2021

Background The research literature finds a positive relationship between couple religiosity and relationship quality, but because public discourse highlights religious victims of domestic violence, we questioned whether couple religiosity prevents negative relationship outcomes as well as it promotes positive ones. Purpose This article compares rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and infidelity among couples with different levels of religious commitment. We further interrogated whether the belief that the man is the head of the household increased couples’ risk of IPV or infidelity. Methods We used Global Family and Gender Survey data from eleven countries. This was an online survey of adults ages 18 to 50 that used a representative panel for the United States, but used opt-in panels in Australia, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Canada, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. We limited our analytic sample to the 9920 men and women in heterosexual relationships (6791 married and 3128 cohabiting). We also analyzed the United States probability sample separately from our pooled sample. Results Couples with nominal or unequal religiosity ( less/mixed religious couples) had higher rates of infidelity than either highly religious couples or couples in which neither partner exhibited much religiosity ( shared secular couples). Infidelity was generally similar between highly religious couples and shared secular couples, but in the US women in highly religious couples did cheat less. We found no differences in IPV—measured by both women's reports of victimization and men's reports of perpetration—according to couple religiosity. Further, the belief that the man is the head of the household did not influence couples’ risk of either IPV or infidelity across the entire sample. In Latin America, however, patriarchal men in shared secular couples perpetrated IPV significantly more often than their egalitarian or more religious counterparts. Conclusions and Implications Our Latin American evidence hints that patriarchy may be a more dangerous ideology for secular couples than for religious couples. Our more general conclusion is that even though negative relationship outcomes are not more common among religious couples, the resources religious traditions have at their disposal to discourage violence within intimate partnerships seem tragically underutilized.
Gibt es einen fachspezifischen Medieneinsatz im naturwissenschaftlichen Fachunterricht? Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenerhebung
Authors: Härtig Hendrik , Ostermann Anje , Ropohl Mathias , Schwanewedel Julia , Kampschulte Lorenz , Lindmeier Anke 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungMediennutzung wird bislang selten fachspezifisch beschrieben. Der Fokus liegt meist entweder auf der Ausstattung und Nutzung im Allgemeinen – und damit weniger auf der Situation in einzelnen Fächern – oder auf der fachspezifischen Beschreibung für nur einzelne Medien. Aus naturwissenschaftsdidaktischer Perspektive ist aber gerade die fachspezifische Funktion des Medieneinsatzes im Lehr-Lern-Prozess bedeutsam. Dies legt eine theoretisch begründete Heuristik der Mediennutzung nahe, die unter anderem die fachdidaktische Tiefenstruktur der Mediennutzung in den Blick nimmt. In diesem Beitrag werden erste Indizien für fachdidaktische Potenziale von Medien mit Blick auf Lernprozesse in den naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern vorgestellt. Im Vergleich verschiedener exemplarischer Medien zwischen den drei Fächern Biologie, Chemie und Physik werden damit frühere Untersuchungen, z. B. zu einzelnen Medien wie dem Computer erweitert. Untersucht werden die Verfügbarkeit und Nutzung insbesondere gegenständlicher Modelle sowie digitaler Medien. Es ergeben sich in bestimmten Unterrichtssituationen Fachspezifika, die als Beleg für die vorgeschlagene Heuristik interpretiert werden können.
Immunologically relevant aspects of the new COVID-19 vaccines—an ÖGAI (Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology) and AeDA (German Society for Applied Allergology) position paper
Authors: Untersmayr Eva , Förster-Waldl Elisabeth , Bonelli Michael , Boztug Kaan , Brunner Patrick M. , Eiwegger Thomas , Eller Kathrin , Göschl Lisa , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Hötzenecker Wolfram , Jordakieva Galateja , Moschen Alexander R. , Pfaller Birgit , Pickl Winfried , Reinisch Walter , Wiedermann Ursula , Klimek Ludger , Bergmann Karl-Christian , Brehler Randolf , Pfützner Wolfgang , Novak Natalija , Merk Hans , Rabe Uta , Schlenter Wolfgang , Ring Johannes , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Mülleneisen Norbert , Wrede Holger , Fuchs Thomas , Jensen-Jarolim Erika 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Background
The vaccines against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) approved in the European Union represent a decisive step in the fight against the pandemic. The application of these available vaccines to patients with pre-existing immunological conditions leads to a multitude of questions regarding efficacy, side effects and the necessary patient information.

Results
This review article provides insight into mechanisms of action of the currently available severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines and summarises the current state of science as well as expert recommendations regarding tolerability of the vaccines. In addition, the potential to develop protective immune responses is determined. A special focus is given on patients under immunosuppression or in treatment with immunomodulatory drugs. Special groups of the population such as children, pregnant women and the elderly are also considered.

Conclusion
Despite the need for a patient-specific risk–benefit assessment, the consensus among experts is that patients with immunological diseases in particular benefit from the induced immune protection after COVID-19 vaccination and do not have an increased risk of side effects.
An efficient sentiment analysis methodology based on long short-term memory networks
Authors: Shobana J. , Murali M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSentiment analysis is the process of determining the sentiment polarity (positivity, neutrality or negativity) of the text. As online markets have become more popular over the past decades, online retailers and merchants are asking their buyers to share their opinions about the products they have purchased. As a result, millions of reviews are generated daily, making it difficult to make a good decision about whether a consumer should buy a product. Analyzing these enormous concepts is difficult and time-consuming for product manufacturers. Deep learning is the current research interest in Natural language processing. In the proposed model, Skip-gram architecture is used for better feature extraction of semantic and contextual information of words. LSTM (long short-term memory) is used in the proposed model for understanding complex patterns in textual data. To improve the performance of the LSTM, weight parameters are optimized by the adaptive particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. Extensive experiments were conducted on four datasets proved that our proposed APSO-LSTM model secured higher accuracy over the classical methods such as traditional LSTM, ANN, and SVM. According to simulation results, the proposed model is outperforming other existing models in different metrics.
The Bishop’s Church: Berkeley’s Master Argument and the Paradox of Knowability
Authors: Kearns Stephen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe can find in the passages that set out the Master Argument a precursor to the paradox of knowability. That paradox shows that if all truths are knowable, all truths are known. Similarly, Berkeley might be read as proposing that if all sensible objects are (distinctly) conceivable, then all sensible objects are conceived.