bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHV amplitudes and BCFW recursion for Yang-Mills theory in the de Sitter static patch
Authors: Albrychiewicz Emil , Neiman Yasha , Tsulaia Mirian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the scattering problem in the static patch of de Sitter space, i.e. the problem of field evolution between the past and future horizons of a de Sitter observer. We formulate the problem in terms of off-shell fields in Poincare coordinates. This is especially convenient for conformal theories, where the static patch can be viewed as a flat causal diamond, with one tip at the origin and the other at timelike infinity. As an important example, we consider Yang-Mills theory at tree level. We find that static-patch scattering for Yang-Mills is subject to BCFW-like recursion relations. These can reduce any static-patch amplitude to one with N−1MHV helicity structure, dressed by ordinary Minkowski amplitudes. We derive all the N−1MHV static-patch amplitudes from self-dual Yang-Mills field solutions. Using the recursion relations, we then derive from these an infinite set of MHV amplitudes, with arbitrary number of external legs.
Innovation in the discovery of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor temsavir and its phosphonooxymethyl prodrug fostemsavir
Authors: Wang Tao , Kadow John F. , Meanwell Nicholas A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe discovery and development of fostemsavir (2), the tromethamine salt of the phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of temsavir (1), encountered significant challenges at many points in the preclinical and clinical development program that, in many cases, stimulated the implementation of innovative solutions in order to enable further progression. In the preclinical program, a range of novel chemistry methodologies were developed during the course of the discovery effort that enabled a thorough examination and definition of the HIV-1 attachment inhibitor (AI) pharmacophore. These discoveries helped to address the challenges associated with realizing a molecule with all of the properties necessary to successfully advance through development and this aspect of the program is the major focus of this retrospective. Although challenges and innovation are not unusual in drug discovery and development programs, the HIV-1 AI program is noteworthy not only because of the serial nature of the challenges encountered along the development path, but also because it resulted in a compound that remains the first and only example of a mechanistically novel class of HIV-1 inhibitor that is proving to be very beneficial for controlling virus levels in highly treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients.
18F-florbetapir PET as a marker of myelin integrity across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: Moscoso Alexis , Silva-Rodríguez Jesús , Aldrey Jose Manuel , Cortés Julia , Pías-Peleteiro Juan Manuel , Ruibal Álvaro , Aguiar Pablo ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recent evidence suggests that PET imaging with amyloid-β (Aβ) tracers can be used to assess myelin integrity in cerebral white matter (WM). Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by myelin changes that are believed to occur early in the disease course. Nevertheless, the extent to which demyelination, as measured with Aβ PET, contributes to AD progression remains unexplored.

Methods
Participants with concurrent 18F-florbetapir (FBP) PET, MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations were included (241 cognitively normal, 347 Aβ-positive cognitively impaired, and 207 Aβ-negative cognitively impaired subjects). A subset of these participants had also available diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) images (n = 195). We investigated cross-sectional associations of FBP retention in the white matter (WM) with MRI-based markers of WM degeneration, AD clinical progression, and fluid biomarkers. In longitudinal analyses, we used linear mixed models to assess whether FBP retention in normal-appearing WM (NAWM) predicted progression of WM hyperintensity (WMH) burden and clinical decline.

Results
In AD-continuum individuals, FBP retention in NAWM was (1) higher compared with WMH regions, (2) associated with DTI-based measures of WM integrity, and (3) associated with longitudinal progression of WMH burden. FBP uptake in WM decreased across the AD continuum and with increasingly abnormal CSF biomarkers of AD. Furthermore, FBP retention in the WM was associated with large-calibre axon degeneration as reflected by abnormal plasma neurofilament light chain levels. Low FBP uptake in NAWM predicted clinical decline in preclinical and prodromal AD, independent of demographics, global cortical Aβ, and WMH burden. Most of these associations were also observed in Aβ-negative cognitively impaired individuals.

Conclusion
These results support the hypothesis that FBP retention in the WM is myelin-related. Demyelination levels progressed across the AD continuum and were associated with clinical progression at early stages, suggesting that this pathologic process might be a relevant degenerative feature in the disease course.
The use of acetabular screws in total hip arthroplasty and its influence on wear and periacetabular osteolysis in the long-term follow-up
Authors: Brodt Steffen , Bischoff Kathleen , Schulze Marcel , Nowack Dimitri , Roth Andreas , Matziolis Georg 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The cementless implantation of hip replacement cups may be performed with and without the additional use of acetabular screws. If the surgeon uses screws or not depends on variable factors. In general, the use of screws is intended to increase the primary stability of the cup. Whether screws increase the initial stability of the cup construct, or even reduce it in part, is the subject of considerable debate in the literature. It is also unclear whether the additional screws lead to increased wear or increased periacetabular osteolysis over the long-term course.

Methods
Two hundred eleven patients from a previous study with a minimum follow-up of 10.7 years were included. Of these, 68 patients with 82 total hip arthroplasties (THA) were given clinical and radiological follow-up examinations. Of these, 52 had been fitted without screws and 30 with screws. On the basis of radiographs, annual wear and osteolysis were quantified. The clinical results were recorded by means of VAS, HHS, and WOMAC scores.

Results
Significantly more periacetabular osteolysis was found if additive acetabular screws had been used. No difference was found in relation to the volumetric wear per year. Likewise, no difference was found with regard to the clinical scores.

Conclusions
The use of additive acetabular screws leads to increased osteolysis in the periacetabular bone stock. Insofar as the primary stability of the cementless cup construct allows it, no additional acetabular screws should be used.
Comparison of Outcomes of Emergency Laparotomies Performed During Daytime Versus Nights and Weekends in Rwandan University Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Twahirwa Isaie , Niyonshuti Norbert , Uwase Clement , Rickard Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergency laparotomy is a common procedure with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess if the time of surgery (day versus night and weekend) affects the morbidity and mortality in a low‐resource setting.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 2 university teaching hospitals in Rwanda. Patient characteristics, time of laparotomy, operative details and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to determine factors and outcomes associated with time of surgery. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with mortality.ResultsIn 309 patients, who underwent emergency laparotomy, 147 (48%) patients were operated during the daytime, 123 (40%) patients were operated during the night shift and 39 (12%) patients were operated on the weekend. Common diagnoses were intestinal obstruction (n = 141, 46%), peritonitis (n = 101, 33%) and abdominal trauma (n = 40, 13%). The overall mortality rate was 16% with 14% in patients operated during day and 17% in patients operated during night and weekends (p = 0.564). Overall, the morbidity rate was 30% with 27% in patients operated during the day compared with 32% in patients operated during night/weekends (p = 0.348). After controlling for confounding factors, there was no association between time of operation and mortality or morbidity.ConclusionMorbidity and mortality associated with emergency laparotomy are high but the time of day for emergency laparotomy did not affect outcome in Rwandan referral hospitals.
Comparison of a Lateral Flow Assay and a Latex Agglutination Test for the Diagnosis of Cryptococcus Neoformans Infection
Authors: Schub Thilo , Forster Johannes , Suerbaum Sebastian , Wagener Johannes , Dichtl Karl 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfections by the basidiomycete yeast Cryptococcus neoformans are life-threatening diseases claiming more than 600,000 lives every year. The most common manifestation is cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients. Diagnosis primarily relies on antigen testing from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Current guidelines recommend rapid antigen testing with a focus on point-of-care assays. Over the recent years, a range of new lateral flow assays (LFAs) was launched. There is still a lack of data evaluating the CE-certified Biosynex RDT CryptoPS LFA. We compared the performance of this LFA with a latex agglutination assay (LAA; Latex-Cryptococcus Antigen Detection System, IMMY) from blood and CSF samples. Blood and/or CSF samples of 27 patients with proven cryptococcal infections caused by different species and blood–CSF pairs of 20 controls were tested applying LFA and LAA. Upon combined analysis of blood and CSF, both assays were able to identify all C. neoformans infections. Based on CSF analysis only, the LFA and the LAA had sensitivities of 100% and 93%. Neither test gave false-positive results nor was reactive in two cases of C. non-neoformans/non-gattii species infections. Both assays have high sensitivities and specificities for the diagnosis of C. neoformans infection. Contrarily to the IMMY LAA, the RDT CryptoPS LFA is suitable as a point-of-care test but is limited in the quantification of antigen reactivity.
Stochastic mixed model sequencing with multiple stations using reinforcement learning and probability quantiles
Authors: Brammer Janis , Lutz Bernhard , Neumann Dirk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach for minimizing the number of work overload situations in the mixed model sequencing (MMS) problem with stochastic processing times. The learning environment simulates stochastic processing times and penalizes work overloads with negative rewards. To account for the stochastic component of the problem, we implement a state representation that specifies whether work overloads will occur if the processing times are equal to their respective 25%, 50%, and 75% probability quantiles. Thereby, the RL agent is guided toward minimizing the number of overload situations while being provided with statistical information about how fluctuations in processing times affect the solution quality. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to consider the stochastic problem variation with a minimization of overload situations.
Sexual dysfunction and depression in Behçet’s disease in comparison to healthy controls
Authors: Saur Sebastian-Jonas , Schlögl Alexandra , Schmalen Torsten , Krittian Simon , Pecher Ann-Christin , Henes Melanie , Xenitidis Theodoros , Henes Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBehçet’s disease (BD) can affect the genital system and is more common in Middle Eastern countries and Asia but also occurs in Caucasian people. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and depression in patients with BD compared to a healthy control group (HCG). In addition, differences with regard to depression and patients’ origin were evaluated. This prospective, monocentric study included 106 consecutive patients from our specialized BD outpatient clinic. Patients were asked to fill out the paper based standardized and validated questionnaires International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, 206 healthy controls were asked to fill out the questionnaires. 106 patients with BD were evaluated and 206 participants in the HCG. The mean age in BD group was 40.5 years as compared to 44.4 years in the HCG. Half of the patients had Middle Eastern and half Caucasian origin. SD was found in 24.5% of all subjects. Only 6.9% of male patients showed signs of SD, while half of the women’s group was suffering from SD. The prevalence for SD was significantly higher in women with Middle Eastern ethnic origin compared to women with Caucasian origin (75 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.024). Erectile Dysfunction occurred in 55% of all male patients which was not statistical different from the HCG. Genital ulcers affected 73.6% of all patients. Depression was found in 36.7% of all subjects as compared to 6.25% in the HCG (p < 0.001). Both, SD and depression correlated positively in males (p = 0.017) and females (p = 0.013). SD and depression are very common problems in BD and should be addressed by the treating physician. Both manifestations are intensifying each other. Depression especially is more prevalent compared to the healthy population.
Predictive value of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI for posthepatectomy liver failure: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Qiang , Wang Anrong , Sparrelid Ernesto , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhao Ying , Ma Kuansheng , Brismar Torkel B. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
Effective and non-invasive biomarkers to predict and avoid posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) are urgently needed. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI-derived parameters as an imaging biomarker in preoperative prediction of PHLF.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed in the databases of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to 11 December 2020. Studies evaluating the incidence of PHLF on patients who underwent hepatectomy with preoperative liver function assessment using gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI were included. Data was extracted using pre-designed tables. The Quality In Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool was adopted to evaluate the risk of bias.

Results
A total of 15 studies were identified for qualitative synthesis and most studies were marked as low to moderate risk of bias in each domain of QUIPS. The most commonly used parameter was relative liver enhancement or its related parameters. The reported incidence of PHLF ranged from 3.9 to 40%. The predictive sensitivity and specificity of gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI parameters varied from 75 to 100% and from 54 to 93% in ten reported studies. A majority of the studies revealed that the gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI parameter was a predictor for PHLF.

Conclusions
Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI showed a high predictive capacity for PHLF and represents a promising imaging biomarker in prediction of PHLF. Multicenter, prospective trials with large sample size and reliable, unified liver function parameters are required to validate the efficacy of individual liver function parameters.

Key Points
• There is an obvious heterogeneity of the published studies, not only in variance of MRI liver function parameters but also in indication and extent of the liver resection.
• Signal intensity (SI)–based parameters derived from gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI are the commonly used method for PHLF prediction.
• Gadoxetic acid–enhanced MRI-derived parameters showed high predictive efficacy for PHLF and can potentially serve as a predictor for the incidence of PHLF.
Occult lymph node metastases in patients without residual muscle-invasive bladder cancer at radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a nationwide study of 5417 patients
Authors: van Hoogstraten L. M. C. , van Gennep E. J. , Kiemeney L. A. L. M. , Witjes J. A. , Voskuilen C. S. , Deelen M. , Mertens L. S. , Meijer R. P. , Boormans J. L. , Robbrecht D. G. J. , Beerepoot L. V. , Verhoeven R. H. A. , Ripping T. M. ,   BlaZIB Study Group, van Rhijn B. W. G. , Aben K. K. H. , Hermans T. J. N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about the prevalence of occult lymph node metastases (LNM) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients with pathological downstaging of the primary tumor. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of occult LNM in patients without residual MIBC at radical cystectomy (RC) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NAR), and to assess overall survival (OS).

Methods
Patients with cT2-T4aN0M0 urothelial MIBC who underwent RC plus pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) with curative intent between January 1995–December 2013 (retrospective Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) cohort) and November 2017–October 2019 (prospective NCR-BlaZIB cohort (acronym in Dutch: BlaaskankerZorg In Beeld; in English: Insight into bladder cancer care)) were identified from the nationwide NCR. The prevalence of occult LNM was calculated and OS of patients with <(y)pT2N0 vs. <(y)pT2N+ disease was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
In total, 4657 patients from the NCR cohort and 760 patients from the NCR-BlaZIB cohort were included. Of 1374 patients downstaged to  <(y)pT2, 4.3% (N = 59) had occult LNM 4.1% (N = 49) of patients with cT2-disease and 5.6% (N = 10) with cT3-4a-disease. This was 4.0% (N = 44) in patients without NAC or NAR, 4.5% (N = 10) in patients with NAC, and 13.5% (N = 5) in patients with NAR but number of patients treated with NAR and downstaged disease was small. The prevalence of  <(y)pT2N+ disease was 4.2% (N = 48) in the NCR cohort and 4.6% (N = 11) in the NCR-BlaZIB cohort. For patients with  <(y)pT2N+ and  <(y)pT2N0, median OS was 3.5 years (95% CI 2.5–8.9) versus 12.9 years (95% CI 11.7–14.0), respectively.

Conclusion
Occult LNM were found in 4.3% of patients with cT2-4aN0M0 MIBC with (near-) complete downstaging of the primary tumor following RC plus PLND. This was regardless of NAC or clinical T-stage. Patients with occult LNM showed considerable worse survival. These results can help in counseling patients for bladder-sparing treatments.
Hip joint range of motion is restricted by pain rather than mechanical impingement in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Naili Josefine E. , Stålman Anders , Valentin Anders , Skorpil Mikael , Weidenhielm Lars 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Discerning whether range of motion (ROM) is restricted by morphology or other pain sources is challenging in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Computed tomography (CT) motion simulation provides a hypothetical ROM based on morphology. This study aimed to explore associations between ROM measured using CT motion simulation and maximum passive ROM measured clinically using three dimensional (3D) motion analysis in patients with FAIS, prior to and post arthroscopic hip surgery.

Materials and methods
Eight males with FAIS (in total 12 hip joints) were included in this explorative feasibility study. Participants were examined using CT according to a low-dose protocol prior to and 7-months post arthroscopic surgery. Software was used to simulate at which ROM the impingement would occur. With the hip in 90 degrees’ flexion, maximum passive range of internal hip rotation, and maximum passive internal hip rotation coupled with adduction was examined clinically using 3D motion analysis pre- and postoperatively. Spearman rank correlation coefficients and linear regressions examined associations between methods.

Results
Preoperatively, the correlation between maximum internal hip rotation measured using CT motion simulation and 3D motion analysis was strong (r = 0.71, p = 0.009). Linear regressions demonstrated that maximal internal rotation measured using CT motion simulation was predominantly larger than when measured using 3D motion analysis. Postoperatively, and when maximum internal rotation was coupled with adduction, no correlations were found between the two methods.

Conclusions
The hypothetical morphology restricted ROM is larger than clinically assessed pain restricted ROM, both prior to and post hip arthroscopy. These findings suggest that ROM is restricted by pain rather than mechanical, morphology-based impingement in individuals with FAIS.
Analyse realer 110-kV-Lastverläufe für die zeitreihenbasierte probabilistische Lastflussrechnung in der Netzplanung unter Berücksichtigung der neuen Kundengruppe Rechenzentren
Authors: Pfüller Tim , Hanson Jutta 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungVerteilnetzbetreiber sind in den vergangenen Jahren immer neuen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt worden. Zu nennen sind die Energiewende, die Mobilitätswende und die Digitalisierung. Einige Netzbetreiber erleben die Digitalisierung in Form von vermehrten Netzanschlussanfragen von Rechenzentren im Verteilnetz, deren Größenordnung sich jeweils zwischen 5 MVA und 300 MVA bewegt. Um eine erfolgreiche und schnelle Integration dieser neuen Kunden zu ermöglichen, reicht der konventionelle Ansatz zur Planung, Starklast ohne Einspeisung und Schwachlast mit maximaler Einspeisung gemäß VDE-AR-N 4121, nicht mehr aus bzw. hätte dieser Ansatz einen enormen Netzausbau für die Verteilnetze zur Folge. Probabilistische Ansätze können bei der Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung helfen und eine bedarfsorientierte Netzausbauplanung vorantreiben. Das setzt eine Auseinandersetzung mit den realen Lastverläufen im 110-kV-Verteilnetz voraus. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Analyse und Gruppierung realer Lastverläufe im 110-kV-Verteilnetz der Syna GmbH aus dem Jahr 2018. Die Besonderheiten der Lastverläufe von Rechenzentren und deren Auswirkungen auf die Netzplanung werden aufgezeigt. Hierdurch werden aufschlussreiche Erkenntnisse über den tagestyp- und jahreszeitabhängigen Lastverlauf gewonnen. Auch lässt sich eine sehr große Abweichung von ca. 25 % zwischen Starklast- und Höchstlastfall, bezogen auf die Netzlast, identifizieren. Insbesondere der Starklastfall ist bei einigen Verteilnetzbetreibern als „Worst-Case-Szenario“ in Gebrauch. Dies ist einer der Gründe, die es rechtfertigen, sich mit den zeitreihenbasierten probabilistischen Lastflussrechnungen auseinanderzusetzen, mit dem Ziel, Strategien zum Anschluss großer Leistungen zu entwickeln.