bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired Myocardial Flow Reserve on 82Rubidium Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Feher Attila , Boutagy Nabil E. , Oikonomou Evangelos K. , Thorn Stephanie , Liu Yi-Hwa , Miller Edward J. , Sinusas Albert J. , Hinchcliff Monique 
Published: July 2021

Objective.To investigate the association between Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and coronary microvascular dysfunction, we measured myocardial flow reserve (MFR) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with primary and secondary RP and controls.Methods.Patients with RP, patient controls, and healthy participants who underwent dynamic rest-stress 82-rubidium PET/CT were studied. Differences in heart rate–blood pressure product-corrected MFR and clinical predictors of reduced MFR (< 2.0) were determined.Results.Forty-nine patients with RP (80% female; aged 65 ± 11 yrs; 11 with primary RP, 18 with systemic sclerosis [SSc], and 20 with other autoimmune rheumatic diseases [AIRDs] including 6 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 6 with rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with overlap syndrome, 2 with Sjögren syndrome, and 2 with inflammatory arthritis), 49 matched patients without RP or AIRD (78% female; 64 ± 13 yrs), and 14 healthy participants (50% female; 35 ± 5 yrs) were studied. Patients with primary RP, matched patient controls, and healthy participants had comparable MFR. Patients with SSc-RP had significantly reduced MFR (1.62 ± 0.32) compared to matched patient controls (P = 0.03, 2.06 ± 0.61) and to healthy participants (P = 0.01, 2.22 ± 0.44). In multivariable logistic regression, SSc was an independent predictor of reduced MFR. We identified a correlation between time since AIRD diagnosis and MFR (r = –0.30, 95% CI –0.63 to –0.02, P = 0.04).Conclusion.Our findings suggest that only secondary, not primary, RP is associated with reduced MFR, and that patients with SSc-RP have reduced MFR compared to those with primary RP and patients with other AIRDs. Larger prospective studies are warranted to fully elucidate the prognostic value of MFR in patients with secondary RP.
Tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego Pedro Pablo 
Published: July 2021

Se discute la tipificación de tres nombres en el género Galium descritos para el este de la Península Ibérica: G. valentinum, G. valentinum var. idubedae y G. capillare. La designación de los tipos de nomenclaturales se basa en la consulta del material original y la literatura citada en los respectivos protólogos. Los nombres se lectotipifican utilizando especímenes conservados en C (herbario John Lange), JE y una ilustración original de Cavanilles publicada en 1793.
Primera cita en África del caracol del cieno de Nueva Zelanda Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843) (Tateidae, Mollusca)
Authors: Fouzi Taybi Abdelkhaleq , Mabrouki Youness , Glöer Peter 
Published: July 2021

Incluido recientemente entre las “cien peores” especies invasoras y siendo el tercero de los “peores moluscos invasores” en Europa, el caracol del cieno de Nueva Zelanda ha llegado a ser cosmopolita. Se comunica el primer hallazgo en el continente africano, en Marruecos. Se encontraron poblaciones establecidas de Potamopyrgus antipodarum en el humedal Low Moulouya, un Sitio Ramsar y un Sitio de Interés Biológico y Ecológico (SIBE), donde ocupa hábitats naturales y antropogénicos (manantial, río y canal artificial). El proceso de invasión parece estar en sus primeras etapas, lo que exige medidas drásticas para poder controlar su progreso.
Nuevas citas de los galápagos chinos Mauremys reevesii (Gray, 1831) y Mauremys sinensis (Gray, 1834) (Testudines, Geoemydidae) en España
Authors: González de la Vega Juan Pablo , García-de-Lomas Juan , Rodríguez-Andrés José Luis 
Published: July 2021

El comercio de quelonios acuáticos como animales de compañía y su eventual liberación o escape ha conllevado la detección de especies exóticas naturalizadas o formando poblaciones invasoras en ecosistemas acuáticos. La importación de Mauremys spp. exóticos implica una nueva amenaza para la conservación de los ecosistemas acuáticos, debido a su capacidad de hibridarse con la especie nativa Mauremys leprosa. En este trabajo se documentan 16 nuevos registros de ejemplares asilvestrados de los galápagos asiáticos Mauremys reevesii y Mauremys sinensis en Andalucía (sur de España). La mayor parte de ellos (13) corresponden a ambientes acuáticos artificiales asociados a áreas urbanas y el resto se encontraron en espacios naturales protegidos con poblaciones naturales de M. leprosa. Estas nuevas citas ponen de manifiesto que los nuevos taxones comercializados reproducen el patrón de venta-abandono-naturalización-invasión ya acaecido con otras especies exóticas de galápagos. El número de ejemplares de Mauremys exóticos importados en España (más de 100.000 desde 2006) sugiere que el número real de ejemplares asilvestrados podría ser bastante mayor al documentado en los trabajos publicados.
L’autocéphalie et la notion d’apostolicité
Authors: Morini Enrico 
Published: July 2021

La notion d’apostolicité, propre à l’Église universelle, s’étend également aux Églises locales avec une double acception. Un premier sens a une valeur large et générique, renvoyant à toutes les Églises, comme affirmation de leur rattachement au collège apostolique par l’intermédiaire de la succession épiscopale. Un second sens, plus restreint et spécifique, se rapporte seulement à certaines Églises en signe de leur fondation directement par un apôtre en particulier. Cette conception est présente avant tout dans le milieu romain, où l’Église est la sedes apostolica par excellence. En Orient, au contraire, l’apostolicité spécifique d’une Église locale renvoie tout d’abord à sa fondation à l’époque apostolique, comme dans le cas évident de Jérusalem. Cependant, même en Orient et très rapidement, les Églises d’Alexandrie et d’Antioche attribuèrent une valeur juridictionnelle aux anciennes traditions de leur fondation par un apôtre. Cette prérogative, affirmée à partir du milieu du Ve siècle, devint une condition essentielle pour obtenir l’autocéphalie ecclésiastique (comme le montrent les cas de Chypre et de Ravenne) ou pour se voir attribuer une juridiction « patriarcale » (comme dans la tentative avortée d’Éphèse). Par la suite, cette idée se développa également au sein de la chrétienté slave.
La notion d’Églises « mère » et « fille » dans l’ecclésiologie byzantine
Authors: Blanchet Marie-Hélène , Vetochnikov Konstantinos 
Published: July 2021

L’ecclésiologie byzantine est fondée sur l’idée que l’Église universelle est une, composée d’une multitude d’Églises locales en communion les unes avec les autres, tandis que l’élément de base de l’organisation ecclésiastique demeure l’évêché. La notion de tête de l’Église n’est donc pas primordiale dans cette conception ecclésiologique, de comme sorte que la représentation de l’Église comme « mère » n’est pas très répandue. Les références à l’Église de Jérusalem comme « mère de toutes les Églises » revêtent un sens spirituel et ne trouvent aucune application ni en droit, ni dans l’organisation administrative de l’institution ecclésiastique. À partir du XIe siècle, une polémique se développe sur ce sujet entre l’Église byzantine et l’Église romaine, puisque cette dernière revendique une juridiction supérieure universelle – ou catholique – en tant que mère des autres Églises. L’Église byzantine commence par contester à l’Église romaine une telle prérogative, mais aux XIVe-XVe siècles, elle s’approprie cette thématique maternelle. Les relations du patriarcat de Constantinople avec les Églises autocéphales slaves ont commencé à être pensées selon ce modèle à la fin du XIVe siècle, et surtout à la période post-byzantine.
L’autocéphalie et l’autokrator
Authors: Hedjan Jonel 
Published: July 2021

Le but de cette étude est de mettre en lumière et de présenter, à travers quelques exemples, les processus par lesquels les royaumes slaves des Balkans obtinrent de Constantinople l’autonomie de leur Église respective durant les XIIIe et XIVe siècles, de même que les multiples intérêts politiques qui les amenèrent à considérer cette concession comme l’obtention d’une autocéphalie parfaite.
L’exarchat bulgare en compétition avec le patriarcat de Constantinople (1870-1945)
Authors: Lory Bernard 
Published: July 2021

Le firman impérial de 1870 détermine le cadre de l’exarchat bulgare, Église autonome plutôt qu’autocéphale, dont le fonctionnement pendant soixante-quinze ans a été riche de paradoxes. Ce texte fondateur n’a jamais été véritablement appliqué ; la proclamation du schisme avec le patriarcat œcuménique, en 1872, a créé une situation complexe. L’exarchat avait la charge des fidèles qui vivaient dans des cadres politiques très différents : dans la Principauté de Bulgarie ou dans des provinces sous administration ottomane directe. Dans ces dernières, la compétition avec Constantinople a été très vive. Deux hiérarchies parallèles se sont mises en place. La « question macédonienne » a dérivé vers des formes violentes qui n’ont pas épargné le clergé. La vie ecclésiale a été profondément perturbée par une division qui était de nature politique beaucoup plus que religieuse (notion de phylétisme).
Essais de rétablissement de l’ancien archevêché d’Ohrid (XIXe-XXe siècle)
Authors: Sekulovski Goran 
Published: July 2021

Suite à la suppression de l’archevêché d’Ohrid en 1767, les diocèses du territoire que couvrait cette Église sont restés pendant une longue période d’un siècle et demi (1767-1922) dans le giron ecclésiastique du patriarcat de Constantinople. À partir de 1920, ils passent sous la juridiction du patriarcat serbe uni, sans oublier le rattachement d’une bonne partie des fidèles à l’exarchat bulgare (en situation de schisme à l’égard du patriarcat de Constantinople dès sa création en 1870 jusqu’en 1912, et ensuite entre 1915 et 1918, puis de nouveau entre 1941 et 1944, périodes de contrôle spirituel bulgare) et aux Églises de Grèce et d’Albanie. Pendant tout ce temps, la quête identitaire ecclésiale a conduit certaines populations slaves de l’espace que couvrait l’archevêché à chercher des solutions en vue de l’indépendance ecclésiastique et de l’émancipation hors des autocéphalies existantes, au point de vouloir refonder l’ancien archevêché, voire d’envisager sa reconstitution sous la forme uniate. Ces différents essais de « restauration » de l’archevêché d’Ohrid depuis la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle jusqu’à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale sont au cœur des problématiques de cette contribution, qui vise à faire ressortir plus particulièrement ses dimensions ecclésiologiques : quel est le fondement ecclésial pour la refondation d’une ancienne Église autocéphale disparue et quelle est la part de l’instrumentalisation du passé qui accompagne cette démarche ? S’agit-il des critères d’autocéphalie, ou bien d’une ecclésiologie nationalisée et d’une historiographie mythifiée ? C’est une raison de plus pour jeter un regard en arrière et scruter l’histoire de la refondation de l’archevêché d’Ohrid, afin d’illustrer la pratique courante de l’intervention des facteurs extérieurs dans la vie ecclésiastique, devenus souvent déterminants lorsqu’il s’agit de questions purement ecclésiologiques, au point de devenir une « tradition ».
A Pre/Post Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Psychosocial Work Environment and Recovery among Healthcare Workers in a Large University Hospital in Sweden
Authors: Jonsdottir Ingibjörg H. , Degl'Innocenti Alessio , Ahlstrom Linda , Finizia Caterina , Wijk Helle , Akerstrom Magnus 
Published: July 2021

Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on workload, mental health, and well-being of healthcare workers, and particularly those on the front-line, has received considerable attention. Design and methods We surveyed hospital employees about their working environment during the pandemic and identified departments which were negatively affected in comparison to the pre-pandemic situation, as well as factors contributing to this. Setting and participants We surveyed all hospital employees at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden in September 2020 and compared results across departments and to the results of a large employee survey from October 2019. Results The overall impact of the pandemic on perceived working conditions and possibility for recovery differed among departments. During the pandemic, healthcare workers working with COVID-19 patients reported poorer working environments than other employees. Factors significantly related to perception of work environment and recovery during the pandemic included worries of being infected, departmental transfer, and having insufficient access to personal protective equipment. Men reported better working conditions than women in all, but one item and higher age was related to better perceived working environment. Conclusions Our results indicate that the pandemic differentially affects hospital departments and underscores the multifactorial nature of this topic. Contributing factors to poor perceived working environment could be addressed at times of high workload, such as during the pandemic, including providing appropriate support to managers, ensuring possibility for recovery during working hours, and acknowledging worries about infection. Young healthcare workers and staff who are relocated due to the pandemic warrant special attention.
Economic Inequality in Visual Impairment
Authors: Zarei Ehsan , Pakzad Reza , Yekta Abbasali , Amini Masoomeh , Sardari Sara , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To determine economic inequality in visual impairment (VI) and its determinants in the rural population of Iran.

Methods:
In this population-based, cross-sectional study, 3850 individuals, aged 3–93 years were selected from the north and southwest regions of Iran using multi-staged stratified cluster random sampling. The outcome was VI, measured in 20 feet. Economic status was constructed using principal component analysis on home assets. The concentration index (C) was used to determine inequality, and the gap between low and high economic groups was decomposed to explained and unexplained portions using the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method.

Results:
Of the 3850 individuals that were invited, 3314 participated in the study. The data of 3095 participants were finally analyzed. The C was −0.248 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.347 - −0.148), indicating a pro-poor inequality (concentration of VI in low economic group). The prevalence (95% CI) of VI was 1.72% (0.92–2.52) in the high economic group and 10.66% (8.84–12.48) in the low economic group with a gap of 8.94% (6.95–10.93) between the two groups. The explained and unexplained portions comprised 67.22% and 32.77% of the gap, respectively. Among the study variables, age (13.98%) and economic status (80.70%) were significant determinants of inequality in the explained portion. The variables of education (coefficient: −4.41; P < 0.001), age (coefficient: 14.09; P < 0.001), living place (coefficient: 6.96; P: 0.006), and economic status (coefficient: −7.37; P < 0.001) had significant effects on inequality in the unexplained portion.

Conclusions:
The result showed that VI had a higher concentration in the low economic group, and the major contributor of this inequality was economic status. Therefore, policymakers should formulate appropriate interventions to improve the economic status and alleviate economic inequality.
Neuroprotective Effect of Tephrosia purpurea Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Regulation of the Caspase3/9 and Pink1/Parkin Complexes
Authors: Kesh Swathi , Kannan Rajaretinam Rajesh 
Published: July 2021

Background:

Tephrosia pupurea is a perennial shrub that has been widely incorporated in Indian traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Recent studies have identified T. purpurea as a source of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors.

Aim:
In this study, we have established the potential of T. purpurea as a potential source of drugs against Parkinsonism using an oxidopamine (6-OHDA) model.

Methods:
Metabolomics profiling of T. purpurea extract (TPE) was obtained using the HR-LCMS method. Enzymatic activities of Catalase, Glutathione, Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde were measured in vitro. Reactive Oxygen Species generation capacity and the mitochondrial membrane potential were also determined. The zebrafish embryos were treated with oxidopamine along with varying concentrations of T. purpurea extract and the swimming pattern and total distance travelled was evaluated. The mRNA expression of mitophagy related genes were measured using RT-PCR studies.

Results:
The metabolite profile of T. purpurea identified the presence of various polyphenols such as Genistein, Esculetin, and Chrysin that have neuroprotective effects. 6-OHDA-induced PD causes an increase in oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species generation, and affects mitochondrial stability. There was a significant increase in the catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels and a decrease in Malondialdehyde and Reactive Oxygen Species levels in cells treated with TPE when compared to 6-OHDA treated cells. We then treated zebrafish embryos with 6-OHDA along with varying concentrations of T. purpurea extract, and the mRNA expression and swimming pattern were evaluated. The embryos cotreated with TPE showed improved swim pattern similar to untreated embryos, whereas those treated with the positive control failed to do so. T. purpurea extract also significantly decreased the expressions of casp3, casp9, lrrk2, and increased pink1 and parkin expression.

Conclusion:
Our study identifies Tephrosia purpurea extract as a viable candidate against 6-OHDA induced-neurotoxicity, and further studies of its effect in models of neurodegenerative diseases are required.
Cervical and Thoracolumbar Radiological Sagittal Parameters in Asymptomatic Indian Population
Authors: Pithwa Yogesh Kishorkant , Chandran Sanjeev Sankar , Rudravaram Vishnu Vardhan 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
There is a dearth of normative data for radiological sagittal parameters of asymptomatic Indians. The present study aimed to address this lacuna.

Materials and Methods:
Sagittal radiological parameters were studied in asymptomatic volunteers: seven lumbopelvic, i.e., pelvic index (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), cranial LL (crLL), caudal LL (caLL), PI-LL; three thoracic and thoracolumbar, i.e., thoracolumbar alignment (TL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), T1 slope (TS0); five cervical, i.e., cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), cervical lordosis (CL), TS-CL, C2 slope (CS), C2 T1 pelvic angle (CTPA); and lastly, five global parameters: SVA, T9 spinopelvic inclination (T9SPI), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), C2 pelvic angle (CPA) were studied.

Results:
Volunteers (n = 125) aged 41.49±12.93 years were included. Mean PI, PT, SS, LL, crLL, caLL, PI-LL, TL, TK, TS, cSVA, CL, TS-CL, CS, CTPA, SVA, T9SPI, T1SPI, TPA, and CPA were 47.23±8.04°, 13.4±6.61°, 33.68±4.59°, −56.19±7.83°, −22.71±9.82°, −45.02±10.07°, −7.83±9.4°, 9.99±11.17°, 22±7.33°, 4.88±7.64°, 34.77±12.2 mm, −6.36±10.99°, −0.5±10.02°, 2.56±9.53°, 3.54±1.04°, −36.49±23.4 mm, −10.89±2.75°, −7.88±2.17°, 5.52±6.82°, and 10.72±6.69°, respectively. As per Roussouly’s classification, the distribution for types I, II, III, and IV was 32 (25.6%), 41 (32.8%), 45 (36%), and 7 (5.6%), respectively. LL correlated significantly with PI, SS, and TK. TS had significant correlation with CL and TS-CL. cSVA significantly correlated with CL. PI-LL significantly correlated with TS-CL. CS significantly correlated with cSVA and TS-CL. TS-CL significantly correlated with cSVA. TPA correlated significantly with PT, SVA, PI, and PI-LL. CTPA correlated significantly with CL, cSVA, TK, and TS-CL. Males had significantly different SVA (−35.3 mm), TK (22.4°), TS (6.2°), TPA (6.35°), cSVA (37.1 mm), and CTPA (3.95°) when compared with females (−58.4 mm, 17.2°, −0.15°, 0.3°, 24.95 mm, and 2.85°, respectively) (P = 0.008, 0.003, 0.002, 0.003, 0.002, and 0.0005, respectively).

Conclusion:
Normative data for sagittal profile in Indian volunteers, enunciated in this study, can be used to guide decisions in surgery.
Problems in patient management and the impact of osteoporosis therapy on the incidence of clinical infection
Authors: Lesnyak O. M. , Gladkova E. N. , Zotkina K. E. , Grigoryeva A. L. , Safonova Yu. A. , Kuznetsova O. Yu. , Pokhaznikova M. A. 
Published: July 2021

The global diversion of health resources during the COVID-19 pandemic from the provision of routine medical care, and the more frequent and severe course of this infection in older patients justify the need to study the impact of the pandemic on the management of patients with osteoporosis.Aim – to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of patients with osteoporosis, as well as the impact of anti-osteoporotic drugs on the incidence of COVID-19.Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a telephone survey and analysis of outpatient records of 304 patients with osteoporosis, who were recommended therapy with anti-osteoporotic medications. The average age was 70.8±8.8 years. The vast majority of patients took bisphosphonates in oral or parenteral forms.Results. Problems with the timely conduct of laboratory tests were noted by 91 (30.4%) subjects, DXA testing – 98 (32.8%). 65 (22.1%) were unable to receive the drug in a timely manner. Problems were more common when taking parenteral drugs (p=0.002). The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 12.2%, which is twice as high as in the population. There was a tendency to a lower incidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection when treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid. COVID-19 cases were not associated with either a vitamin D dose or a 25(OH)D level.Conclusions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a significant decline in the quality of medical care for patients with osteoporosis, which cannot but lead to a new epidemic in the future – an epidemic of low-energy fractures. Our data confirmed the predisposition of older age groups to a higher incidence of COVID-19. However, there is no clear association of osteoporosis therapy with the risk of developing clinical manifestations of COVID-19.
Body composition and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Toroptsova N. V. , Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Nikitinskaya O. A. , Efremova A. O. , Feklistov A. Yu. , Demin N. V. 
Published: July 2021

Aim – to study the relationship between body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. 68 postmenopausal women, median age 59 [54; 63] years, with RA were included in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results. 33 (48.5%) women had osteopenia, and 17 (25.0%) – osteoporosis (OP). Low lean muscle mass was found in 10 (14.7%) patients. There were positive correlations between different areal BMD and body weight, trunk fat, trunk lean muscle mass and total lean muscle mass. In the multivariate linear regression analysis total lean muscle mass was associated with BMD of lumbar spine (β=0.638; p=0.001) and total hip (β=0.473; p=0.008), and appendicular lean muscle mass, estimated using the appendicular muscle index, with femoral neck BMD (β=0.360; p=0.014).Conclusion. 73.5% of patients with RA had a reduced BMD, and 14.7% women – low muscle mass. The revealed significant association between the lean muscle mass and BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur indicates the importance of detecting and correcting low lean muscle mass, as well as preventing its decline in order to prevent loss of BMD and osteoporotic fractures.