bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on community expectation for cooperative behaviour among locals and migrants: a case study of an Okinawan village, Japan
Authors: Sugimoto Aoi , Sugino Hiroaki , van Putten Ingrid , Yagi Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the increasing need for local and migrant populations to cooperate in natural resource governance, little attention has been paid to community contexts that influence individual cooperative behavioural choices among them. The present study demonstrates this influence through quantitative and qualitative data obtained in Shiraho village, Okinawa, Japan. Externalised cooperative behaviour was significantly different between locals and migrants, and the residents’ location in the social network was related to the level of cooperation, even though they had similar individual cooperative preferences. We find that people with dense social ties participate in community cooperation more than others, and that residents practise their cooperative behaviour in a way that fits community expectations: which was influenced by age and birth origin. Understanding the social context that guides individual behaviour for natural resource governance in a time when residential fluidity may keep increasing has relevance to other communities.
Dendrites and measures with discrete spectrum
Authors: FORYŚ-KRAWIEC MAGDALENA , HANTÁKOVÁ JANA , KUPKA JIŘÍ , OPROCHA PIOTR , ROTH SAMUEL 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe are interested in dendrites for which all invariant measures of zero-entropy mappings have discrete spectrum, and we prove that this holds when the closure of the endpoint set of the dendrites is countable. This solves an open question which has been around for awhile, and almost completes the characterization of dendrites with this property.
Bolus formation from fission of nonlinear internal waves over a mild slope
Authors: Ghassemi Amin , Zahedi Saeid , Boegman Leon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreaking nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) of depression on boundary slopes drives mixing in the coastal ocean. Of the different breaker types, fission is most commonly observed on mild slopes of continental margins. However, fission on mild slopes has rarely been investigated in the laboratory owing to limitations on flume length. In the present work, a train of NLIWs of depression is generated in an 18.2 m wave flume and shoaled upon a mild uniform slope. During fission, each NLIW of depression scatters into one or two NLIWs of elevation, which transforms into a bolus at the bolus birth point, where shear instability occurs through the pycnocline. The bolus propagates upslope, decreasing in size until it degenerates by shear and lobe-cleft instability, while losing volume to a return flow along the bed. The location of the bolus birth point, bolus propagation length scale, initial size and the number of boluses from each incident wave are parameterized from the wave half-width and the wave Froude number associated with the incident NLIW. These are compared with the characteristics of boluses generated by other breaking mechanisms on steeper slopes. Some bolus characteristics (height to length ratio, change in size and velocity field) are similar for boluses generated by fission, collapsing sinusoidal waves and internal solitary waves of elevation; however, the number of boluses, their birth point and initial height differ. The boluses formed by fission have more initial energy and no reflection. Further research is required to better quantify bolus-driven mixing on continental margins.
Driving turnout: the effect of car ownership on electoral participation
Authors: de Benedictis-Kessner Justin , Palmer Maxwell 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInequalities in voter participation between groups of the population pose a problem for democratic representation. We use administrative data on 6.7 million registered voters to show that a previously-ignored characteristic of voters—access to a personal automobile—creates large disparities in in-person voting rates. Lack of access to a car depresses election day voter turnout by substantively large amounts across a variety of fixed-effects models that account for other environmental and voter characteristics. Car access creates the largest hindrance to voting for those people who live farther from the polls. These effects do not appear for absentee voting, suggesting a simple policy solution to solve large disparities in political participation. This study contributes to the theoretic understanding of political participation as well as the impact of potential policy reforms to solve participatory gaps.
Economic interventions, economic perceptions and political support during the Eurozone crisis
Authors: Devine Daniel , Turnbull-Dugarte Stuart J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhat is the effect of external economic intervention on political support and economic evaluations? We argue that economic interventions systematically worsen support for governing institutions and much of this is mediated through updating economic perceptions, at least during the Eurozone crisis. We evidence this with two analyses. First, we provide the first quasi-experimental evidence to show that intervention worsened both political support and economic evaluations. Second, we conduct a mediation analysis using Eurobarometer data to quantify how much of the effect of intervention is mediated by economic evaluations. This has broader implications for understanding how citizens react to international integration, international cues, and the process of forming judgements of political support.
Decomposing the source of the gender gap in legislative committee service: evidence from US states
Authors: Payson Julia , Fouirnaies Alexander , Hall Andrew B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExtensive research on gender and politics indicates that women legislators are more likely to serve on committees and sponsor bills related to so-called “women's issues.” However, it remains unclear whether this empirical regularity is driven by district preferences, differences in legislator backgrounds, or because gendered political processes shape and constrain the choices available to women once they are elected. We introduce expansive new data on over 25,000 US state legislators and an empirical strategy to causally isolate the different channels that might explain these gendered differences in legislator behavior. After accounting for district preferences with a difference-in-differences design and for candidate backgrounds via campaign fundraising data, we find that women are still more likely to serve on women's issues committees, although the gender gap in bill sponsorship decreases. These results shed new light on the mechanisms that lead men and women to focus on different policy areas as legislators.
Comparison of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber size distribution fitting methods and evaluation of the relationship between soil properties and estimated distribution parameters
Authors: Mhango J. K. , Hartley W. , Harris W. E. , Monaghan J. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAccurate estimation of tuber size distribution (TSD) parameters in discretely categorized potato (Solanum tuberosum L) yield samples is desirable for estimating modal tuber sizes, which is fundamental to yield prediction. In the current work, systematic yield digs were conducted on five commercial fields (N= 119) to compare the Weibull, Gamma and Gaussian distribution functions for relative-likelihood-based goodness-of-fit to the observed discrete distributions. Parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the three distributions but were also derived using the percentiles approach for the Weibull distribution to compare accuracy against the MLE approaches. The relationship between TSD and soil nutrient variability was examined using the best-fitting model's parameters. The percentiles approach had lower overall relative likelihood than the MLE approaches across five locations, but had consistently lower Root Mean Square Error in the marketable tuber size range. Negative relationships were observed between the percentile-based shape parameter and the concentrations of Phosphorus and Nitrogen, with significant (non-zero-overlapping 95% confidence interval) regression coefficients for P (−0.74 ± 0.33 for distribution of proportional tuber numbers and −1.3 ± 0.62 for tuber weights). Stem density was negatively associated with the scale and mode of tuber number (regression coefficients −0.98 ± 0.63 and −1.08 ± 0.78 respectively) and tuber weight (regression coefficients −0.99 ± 0.78 and −1.04 ± 0.69 respectively) distributions. Phosphorus is negatively related to the scale of the tuber-number-based distribution while positively associating with the tuber weight distribution. The results suggest that excess P application was associated with the increase in small tubers that did not contribute significant weight to the final yield.
Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of eating disorders in children: a national study
Authors: Sanzari Christina M. , Levin Rachel Y. , Liu Richard T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the prevalence rates of preadolescent eating disorders (EDs) are on the rise, considerably less is known about the correlates and treatment of EDs in this age group. Clarifying the epidemiology of EDs in preadolescent children is a necessary first step to understand the nature and scope of this problem in this age group.MethodsAnalysis of data collected in the ABCD Study release 2.0.1. The ABCD cohort was a population-based sample that consisted of 11 721 children ages 9–10 years. Measures included reports of a lifetime and current mental disorders determined using a diagnostic interview for DSM-5 disorders, sociodemographic factors, and psychiatric treatment utilization.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of EDs was 0.95%. Being Black, multiracial, having unmarried parents, and family economic insecurity were significant predictors for developing an ED. Among psychiatric conditions, the major depressive disorder was most robustly associated with EDs in both cross-sectional and temporal analyses. Only 47.40% of children who had a lifetime ED received some type of psychiatric treatment. EDs were not a significant predictor of psychiatric treatment utilization after accounting for sex, sexual orientation, parent marital status, economic insecurity, and all other psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsDespite increasing prevalence rates of preadolescent EDs, the current findings suggest that the majority of children with these disorders remain untreated. Devoting increased attention and resources to reaching families of children with EDs with the least means for receiving care, and screening for EDs in children with depression, may be important steps for reducing this unmet need.
HANS ABRAHAMSEN AND A RECURRENT ‘CHILDLIKE’ RHYTHM
Authors: Kahrs Noah 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHans Abrahamsen has reused the same rhythm across four pieces spanning 33 years: in his Ten Studies, for solo piano, and Six Pieces, for horn trio (both from 1984), in Schnee (2008) and in Three Pieces for Orchestra (2017). Because self-borrowing is crucial to Abrahamsen's compositional practice, this rhythm provides a case study in his compositional priorities, particularly in the role canonic techniques play in his music. Although the rhythm's formal properties lend it a marked asymmetry at the foreground, it is presented in Schnee as part of a canon with highly symmetric pitch materials. But despite this apparent conflict between symmetries and asymmetries, Abrahamsen's music freely combines different approaches to the rhythm, as long as it is linked to a high-register shimmer, suggesting that Abrahamsen's noted uses of canons are largely for textural ends.
RIDING THE WILD OCEAN: HORATIU RADULESCU'S SUBCONSCIOUS WAVE IN THEORY, PERFORMANCE AND RECORDING
Authors: Cave Sam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on Radulescu's 1984 Subconscious Wave, for guitar and pre-recorded digital sound, a work that features on my 2019 solo CD recording Refracted Resonance, for Métier Records, alongside music by Tristan Murail, Christopher Fox, George Holloway and myself. The article places the work in the context of Radulescu's output, demonstrates how it displays the key aesthetic concepts that drive his music and shares my insights into the technical and interpretive aspects of preparing the piece for performance and recording. The article has been adapted from a lecture-recital given at the 2021 edition of the 21st Century Guitar Conference, which was hosted by the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at the Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (NOVA FCSH), Portugal in March 2021.
A rational explanation for links between the ANS and math
Authors: Libertus Melissa E. , Duong Shirley , Fox Danielle , Elliott Leanne , McGregor Rebecca , Ribner Andrew , Silver Alex M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The proposal by Clarke and Beck offers a new explanation for the association between the approximate number system (ANS) and math. Previous explanations have largely relied on developmental arguments, an underspecified notion of the ANS as an “error detection mechanism,” or affective factors. The proposal that the ANS represents rational numbers suggests that it may directly support a broader range of math skills.
Sizes, ratios, approximations: On what and how the ANS represents
Authors: Ball Brian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClarke and Beck propose that the approximate number system (ANS) represents rational numbers. The evidence cited supports only the view that it represents ratios (and positive integers). Rational numbers are extensive magnitudes (i.e., sizes), whereas ratios are intensities. It is also argued that WHAT a system represents and HOW it does so are not as independent of one another as the authors assume.
Do Legitimate States Have a Right to Do Wrong?
Authors: Wellman Christopher Heath 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay critically assesses Anna Stilz's argument in Territorial Sovereignty: A Philosophical Exploration that legitimate states have a right to do wrong. I concede that individuals enjoy a claim against external interference when they commit suberogatory acts, but I deny that the right to do wrong extends to acts that would violate the rights of others. If this is correct, then one must do more than merely invoke an individual's right to do wrong if one hopes to vindicate a legitimate state's right to commit injustices. Of course, there may be distinctive features of legitimate states that explain why they enjoy moral protections that individuals lack, but I argue that the value of collective self-determination is not up to this task. And even if these arguments fail, self-determination would at most explain why legitimate states enjoy a right to commit injustices against their own citizens; it would provide them no moral protection when they violate the rights of outsiders.
Kant and Recent Philosophies of Art
Authors: Lemos João 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article is to be a bridge between Kant’s aesthetics and contemporary art – not by being a paper on Kant and contemporary art, but rather by being on Kant and contemporaryphilosophy of art. I claim that Kant’s views on the appreciation of art can accommodate contextualism as well as ethicism. I argue that not only does contextualism fit Kant’s views on the appreciation of art; in §§51–3 of the thirdCritique, Kant’s appreciation of art is in accordance with contextualism. I go on to argue that not only does ethicism fit Kant’s views on the appreciation of art; in §§51–3, Kant’s appreciation of art is in accordance with ethicism.
Therapists’ perceptions and acceptability of providing internet-delivered guided self-help acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study
Authors: Contreras Milena , Van Hout Elien , Farquhar Morag , Gould Rebecca L. , McCracken Lance M. , Hornberger Michael , Richmond Erica , Kishita Naoko 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to explore therapists’ perceptions and acceptability of providing internet-delivered, therapist-guided, self-help acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS). To achieve this, a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was employed with eight novice therapists recruited from primary and secondary care services taking part in a feasibility study of iACT4CARERS. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Four over-arching themes were identified: (1) positive attitudes towards the intervention, (2) therapists’ workload, (3) therapists’ confidence to perform their role, and (4) connecting with family carers in a virtual context. Theme 1 included seeing their involvement as an opportunity for personal growth and perceiving benefits to the family carers, which contributed to greater acceptability. Theme 2 reflected that while workload and the user-friendliness of the online platform were highly acceptable among the therapists, there were also time-consuming cases that increased therapists’ burden. Theme 3 revealed that practical resources provided during the training, continued supervision, and opportunities to learn from other therapists, increased therapist confidence and facilitated greater acceptability. Finally, Theme 4 highlighted that improving the connection between therapists and carers was critical in a virtual context and strategies to improve the therapist–carer relationship were recommended. The implementation of iACT4CARERS was largely acceptable for the therapists involved in the trial. Ways to strengthen the therapeutic relationship in the virtual context and practical strategies to deal with common problems may enhance therapist experience and delivery in a full-scale effectiveness trial.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand which factors facilitated therapists’ positive perceptions and acceptability of providing internet-delivered guided self-help ACT (iACT4CARERS).

(2)
To understand what challenges acted as barriers to therapists’ positive perceptions and acceptability of providing iACT4CARERS.

(3)
To learn what aspects of the training and the intervention can be refined to improve the acceptability to therapists in trials involving internet-delivered guided self-help interventions for family carers.
Massive Multi‐Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 1. A Gradient Boosting Based Automatic Detection of Near‐Earth Regions
Authors: Nguyen G. , Aunai N. , Michotte de Welle B. , Jeandet A. , Lavraud B. , Fontaine D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe present an automatic classification method of the three near‐Earth regions, the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath and the solar wind from their in situ data measurement by multiple spacecraft. Based on gradient boosting classifier, this very simple and very fast method outperforms the detection routines based on manually set thresholds. The method is used to identify 15,062 magnetopause crossings and 17,227 bow shock crossings in the data of 11 different spacecraft of the THEMIS, ARTEMIS, Cluster, MMS, and Double Star missions and for a total of 83 cumulated years. These multi‐mission catalogs are easily reproducible, can be automatically enlarged with additional data and their elaboration paves the way for future massive statistical analysis of near‐Earth boundaries.
A Minimal Model to Diagnose the Contribution of the Stratosphere to Tropospheric Forecast Skill
Authors: Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. , Bröcker Jochen , Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Lee Simon H. , Sigmond Michael , Simpson Isla R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany recent studies have confirmed that variability in the stratosphere is a significant source of surface sub‐seasonal prediction skill during Northern Hemisphere winter. It may be beneficial, therefore, to think about times in which there might be windows‐of‐opportunity for skillful sub‐seasonal predictions based on the initial or predicted state of the stratosphere. In this study, we propose a simple, minimal model that can be used to understand the impact of the stratosphere on tropospheric predictability. Our model purposefully excludes state dependent predictability in either the stratosphere or troposphere or in the coupling between the two. Model parameters are set up to broadly represent current sub‐seasonal prediction systems by comparison with four dynamical models from the Sub‐Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project database. The model can reproduce the increases in correlation skill in sub‐sets of forecasts for weak and strong lower stratospheric polar vortex states over neutral states despite the lack of dependence of coupling or predictability on the stratospheric state. We demonstrate why different forecast skill diagnostics can give a very different impression of the relative skill in the three sub‐sets. Forecasts with large stratospheric signals and low amounts of noise are demonstrated to also be windows‐of‐opportunity for skillful tropospheric forecasts, but we show that these windows can be obscured by the presence of unrelated tropospheric signals.
GPR84 signaling promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation via enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages
Authors: Zhang Qing , Chen Lin-hai , Yang Hui , Fang You-chen , Wang Si-wei , Wang Min , Yuan Qian-ting , Wu Wei , Zhang Yang-ming , Liu Zhan-ju , Nan Fa-jun , Xie Xin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe putative medium-chain free fatty acid receptor GPR84 is a G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in myeloid cells that constitute the innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages in the periphery and microglia in the brain. The fact that GPR84 expression in leukocytes is remarkably increased under acute inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα suggests that it may play a role in the development of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Here we demonstrate that GPR84 is highly upregulated in inflamed colon tissues of active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Infiltrating GPR84+ macrophages are significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of both the UC patients and the mice with colitis. Consistently, GPR84−/− mice are resistant to the development of colitis induced by DSS. GPR84 activation imposes pro-inflammatory properties in colonic macrophages through enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while the loss of GPR84 prevents the M1 polarization and properties of proinflammatory macrophages. CLH536, a novel GPR84 antagonist discovered by us, suppresses colitis by reducing the polarization and function of pro-inflammatory macrophages. These results define a unique role of GPR84 in innate immune cells and intestinal inflammation, and suggest that GPR84 may serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of UC.