bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar amendment did not influence the growth of two tree plantations on nutrient‐depleted Ultisols in the south Ecuadorian Amazon region
Authors: Gonzalez Sarango Esthela M. , Valarezo Manosalvas Carlos , Mora Marconi , Villamagua Miguel Á. , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe literature suggests that biochar increases the fertility of degraded, nutrient‐poor tropical soils. We hypothesized that the addition of biochar (a) increases tree growth in two plantations on Ultisols in the south Ecuadorian Amazon region, (b) reduces litterfall during the dry season because the soil remains moister, and (c) improves the benefit–cost ratio of the plantation. We grew two tree species—the native leguminousSchizolobium parahybavar.amazonicum(Ducke) Barneby and the exoticGmelina arboreaRoxb—and used a full factorial split‐split‐plot design of all treatments for both tree species at each of two sites. The treatments included the amendment of mineral fertilizer plus lime, 3 and 6 t ha–1biochar, and a control. The plots were replicated three or four times. Tree height (TH), basal diameter (BD), and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured several times during 51 mo after planting in September 2009 and litterfall during 12 mo (March 2012–February 2013). The site and the mineral fertilizer plus lime treatment had significant effects on TH, BD, and DBH. The amendment of mineral fertilizer plus lime increased TH, BD, and DBH by 47, 43, and 58%, respectively, relative to the control. The litterfall ofG. arboreawas on average 84% higher than that ofS. parahyba. The amendment of biochar did not significantly influence TH, BD, DBH, or litterfall. The benefit–cost ratio of wood production was >1 in the mineral fertilizer plus lime treatment and controls but <1 in the biochar treatments and decreased with increasing addition of biochar. Our results demonstrate that the assumption that biochar can be used to improve the fertility of degraded Amazon soils cannot be generalized.
At the heart of mitochondrial quality control: many roads to the top
Authors: Gottlieb Roberta A. , Piplani Honit , Sin Jon , Sawaged Savannah , Hamid Syed M. , Taylor David J. , de Freitas Germano Juliana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMitochondrial quality control depends upon selective elimination of damaged mitochondria, replacement by mitochondrial biogenesis, redistribution of mitochondrial components across the network by fusion, and segregation of damaged mitochondria by fission prior to mitophagy. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission), mitophagy, and other mechanisms supporting mitochondrial quality control including maintenance of mtDNA and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, particularly in the context of the heart.
High rank torus actions on contact manifolds
Authors: Occhetta Gianluca , Romano Eleonora A. , Solá Conde Luis E. , Wiśniewski Jarosław A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove LeBrun–Salamon conjecture in the following situation: if X is a contact Fano manifold of dimension $$2n+1$$

2
n
+
1

whose group of automorphisms is reductive of rank $$\ge \max (2,(n-3)/2)$$

≥
max
(
2
,
(
n
-
3
)
/
2
)

then X is the adjoint variety of a simple group. The rank assumption is fulfilled not only by the three series of classical linear groups but also by almost all the exceptional ones.
Normalization of electroretinogram and symptom resolution of melanoma-associated retinopathy with negative autoantibodies after treatment with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Khaddour Karam , Khanna Sangeeta , Ansstas Michael , Jakhar Ishaan , Dahiya Sonika , Council Laurin , Ansstas George 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMelanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome that involves the production of autoantibodies which can cross-react with retinal epitopes leading to visual symptoms. Autoantibodies can target intracellular proteins, and only a few are directed against membrane proteins. This discrepancy in autoantibody–protein target can translate into different immune responses (T-cell mediated vs B-cell mediated). Historically, treatment of MAR has focused on surgical reduction or immunosuppressive medication, mainly glucocorticoids. However, tumor resection is not relevant in metastatic melanoma in which MAR is mostly encountered. Moreover, the use of glucocorticoids can reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy. We report the first case to our knowledge with subjective resolution of visual symptoms and objective evidence of normalization of electroretinogram of MAR with undetectable autoantibodies after administration of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor (pembrolizumab) without the use of surgical reduction or systemic immunosuppression. This case highlights the potential improvement and resolution of negative autoantibody MAR with the use of PD-1 inhibitors and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary approach and team discussion to avoid interventions that can decrease immunotherapy-mediated anti-tumor effect.
The learning curve of retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Radeck Viola , Helbig Horst , Barth Teresa , Gamulescu Maria-Andreea , Maerker David , Prahs Philipp 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the learning curve of vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons beginning training in retinal detachment (RD) surgery.

Methods
The files of all consecutive patients undergoing VR surgery for uncomplicated RD between Jan 2005 und Mar 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Successful outcome was defined as no retinal redetachment within 3 months after surgery.

Results
Ten surgeons started their VR career during this period. Together, these 10 surgeons performed 3786 RD operations (mean 379; median 251; range 71–1053). Primary success rate after one operation was 90% (3420 of 3786). When starting to operate retinal detachments, VR surgeons had a primary success rate of about 80%. Redetachment rates steadily decreased and stabilized at just under 10% after about 200 operations. Beginners needed more than twice the time for the procedure compared to experienced surgeons. The individual learning curves varied widely. In our series, female surgeons seem to have a faster learning curve.

Conclusion
RD surgery performed by VR surgeons in training had acceptable results. With increasing experience, success rates continuously improve reaching stable levels after approximately 200 operations. The training of VR surgeons requires considerable resources.
Dynamische Übergabeschurre zur Effizienzsteigerung von Gurtbandförderern
Authors: Prenner Michael 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungBei der Übergabe von Schüttgütern von einem Gurtbandförderer auf einen weiteren werden sogenannte Übergabeschurren benötigt. Diese Schurrensysteme verursachen in Abhängigkeit des zu fördernden Schüttgutes oft starken Verschleiß, Anbackungen und eine ungünstige Materialführung. Der Verschleiß tritt dabei sowohl an den Schurrenwänden als auch am nachgeschalteten Fördergurt auf. Anbackungen an den Schurrenwänden entstehen durch den oft vorkommenden kohäsiven Feinkornanteil von Schüttgütern. Speziell bei feuchtem Schüttgut kann dies zu Verstopfungen der Schurren führen. Eine optimale Materialführung zeichnet sich durch eine mittige Beladung des nachfolgenden Förderers, einer Aufgabe des Schüttgutes in Förderrichtung des nachfolgenden Gurtbandförderers und einer möglichst verschleißarmen Umlenkung des Schüttgutes in der Schurre aus. Da herkömmliche starre Schurrensysteme die an sie gestellten Aufgaben oftmals nicht optimal erfüllen können, wird derzeit am Lehrstuhl für Bergbaukunde, Bergtechnik und Bergwirtschaft – Arbeitsgruppe Fördertechnik und Konstruktionslehre in Kooperation mit den Unternehmen ScrapeTec Trading GmbH, ScrapeTec GmbH und Wanggo Gummitechnik GmbH ein dynamisches Schurrensystem entwickelt, welches die gestellten Aufgaben signifikant besser erfüllen wird.
Circulating bioactive sclerostin levels in an Austrian population-based cohort
Authors: Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Föger-Samwald Ursula , Gleiss Andreas , Kudlacek Stefan , Wallwitz Jacqueline , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: February 2021

SummaryBackgroundCirculating serum sclerostin levels are supposed to give a good estimation of the levels of this negative regulator of bone mass within bone. Most studies evaluating total serum sclerostin found different levels in males compared to females and in older compared to younger subjects. Besides an ELISA detecting total sclerostin an ELISA determining bioactive sclerostin has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of bioactive sclerostin in an Austrian population-based cohort.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 235 healthy subjects. Using the bioactive ELISA assay (Biomedica) bioactive sclerostin levels were evaluated.ResultsSerum levels of bioactive sclerostin were higher in men than in women (24%). The levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.47). A positive correlation could also be detected with body mass index and bone mineral density.ConclusionUsing the ELISA detecting bioactive sclerostin our results are consistent with data in the literature obtained by different sclerostin assays. The determination of sclerostin concentrations in peripheral blood thus appears to be a robust parameter of bone metabolism.
Budgets of rotational and divergent kinetic energy in the warm-sector torrential rains over South China: a case study
Authors: Zhong Shui-Xin , Meng Wei-Guang , Tian Fu-You 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe contributions of divergent and rotational wind components to the kinetic energy budget during a record-breaking rainstorm on 7 May 2017 over South China are examined. This warm-sector extreme precipitation caused historical maximum of 382.6 mm accumulated rainfall in 3 h over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions in South China. Results show that there was a high low-level southerly wind-speed tongue stretching into the PRD regions from the northeast of the South China Sea (SCS) during this extreme precipitation. The velocity potential exhibited a low-value center as well as a low-level divergence-center over the SCS. The rotational components of the kinetic energy (KR)-related terms were the main contribution-terms of the kinetic energy budget. The main contribution-terms of KR and the divergent component of kinetic energy (KD) were the barotropical and baroclinic processes-related terms due to cross-contour flow and the vertical flux divergence.
The role of extracellular vesicles in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Schioppo Tommaso , Ubiali Tania , Ingegnoli Francesca , Bollati Valentina , Caporali Roberto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that carries high social and economic costs and can lead to permanent disability. RA pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated yet. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-contained vesicles released by cells playing a role in cell-to-cell communication and they could be involved in different diseases. Evidence on the involvement of EVs in RA is currently inconclusive. Therefore, a systematic review on the role of EVs in RA was performed in order to explore this relationship. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to March 5, 2020: 41 studies were analyzed out of 674 screened. The total plasmatic and synovial fluid (SF) EV number seems increased in RA as compared with healthy controls. Both RA plasma and SF contained EVs subpopulations of heterogenous origin, especially derived from platelets and immune system cells. No univocal evidence emerged on miRNA expression and EV content profile within RA patients. EVs showed to enhance pro-inflammatory pathways, such as cytokines and chemokine release and TNF blockade seemed to revert this effect. Our work highlights the requirement to standardize study methodologies in order to make results comparable and draw conclusions that remain, at present, unclear.
Encapsulation of Carlina acaulis essential oil and carlina oxide to develop long-lasting mosquito larvicides: microemulsions versus nanoemulsions
Authors: Pavela Roman , Pavoni Lucia , Bonacucina Giulia , Cespi Marco , Cappellacci Loredana , Petrelli Riccardo , Spinozzi Eleonora , Aguzzi Cristina , Zeppa Laura , Ubaldi Massimo , Desneux Nicolas , Canale Angelo , Maggi Filippo , Benelli Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCarlina acaulis root essential oil (EO) is one of the most potent mosquito larvicides (LC50 < 2 ppm). This EO is mainly composed of carlina oxide (> 90%). Poor water solubility and rapid degradation from UV light and oxygen in the environment limit the real-world use of this EO. Herein, we developed nanocarrier-based formulations, namely micro- and nanoemulsions (ME and NE, respectively) containing C. acaulis EO or carlina oxide (both at 0.5%) as active ingredients (a.i.). The larvicidal activity of ME and NE was evaluated against Culex quinquefasciatus. The highest larvicidal activity was achieved by the ME containing 0.5% of the EO (M1); its LC50(90) was 579.1 (791.3) µL L−1. Sublethal effects of this ME and its a.i. were assessed testing both at the LC16, LC30, LC50 and LC90 on mosquito larvae exposed to each product for 1–7 h, and then monitoring mortality for 18 days. At variance with the EO, ME application, even at LC16, led to 100% mortality at 18 days. The EO and its encapsulated form were scarcely toxic to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human fibroblast (NHF A12) cell lines. The acute toxicity of C. acaulis EO and its ME (M1) was also evaluated in Wistar rats through oral administration; EO LD50 was 1098 mg kg−1 bw, whereas its ME, even at 5000 mg kg−1 bw (considered the upper testing limit to establish safety to mammals), was not toxic. This study highlights the outstanding efficacy of C. acaulis EO ME for developing long-lasting and safe larvicides against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by titanium and vanadium complexes of ONO-type schiff base ligand
Authors: Białek Marzena , Fryga Julia , Spaleniak Grzegorz , Dziuk Błażej 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA phenoxy-imine proligand with the additional OH donor group, 4,6-tBu2-2-(2-CH2(OH)-C6H4N = CH)C6H3OH (LH2), was synthesized and used to prepare group 4 and 5 complexes by reacting with Ti(OiPr)4 (LTi) and VO(OiPr)3 (LV). All new compounds were characterized by the FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and LTi by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The complexes were used as catalysts in the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. The influence of monomer/transition metal molar ratio, reaction time, polymerization temperature as well as complex type was investigated in detail. The complexes showed high (LTi) and moderate (LV) activity in ε-caprolactone polymerization and the resultant polycaprolactones exhibited Mn and Mw/Mn values ranging from 4.0 · 103 to 18.7 · 103 g/mol and from 1.4 to 2.5, respectively.
Stakeholders’ views on sustaining honey bee health and beekeeping: the roles of ecological and social system drivers
Authors: Fedoriak Mariia , Kulmanov Oleksandr , Zhuk Alina , Shkrobanets Oleksandr , Tymchuk Kateryna , Moskalyk Galyna , Olendr Tetiana , Yamelynets Taras , Angelstam Per 
Published: February 2021

AbstractContextHoney bees provide multiple ecosystem services. Comparisons of coupled social-ecological systems (SES) can improve the understanding of the factors affecting honey bees and beekeeping.ObjectivesStressing the need for SES analyses, we explore beekeepers’ perceived factors affecting bees and beekeeping, test the hypothesis that honey bee colony losses are associated to agricultural land use intensity, and discuss the role of beekeeping for rural development.MethodsWe used as a case study the steep gradient in SES in Ukraine’s Chernivtsi region with three strata: (i) traditional villages, (ii) intermediate and (iii) intensive agriculture. In each stratum, we analysed the social system using five open-ended focus groups. Regarding the ecological system, we analysed data about winter loss rate of honey bee colonies, number of colonies per beekeeper, the average amount of supplemental feeding, and proportion of beekeepers treating againstVarroamite.ResultsThirty-three themes were extracted, of which 73% concerned the social system at multiple levels of governance. The number of themes increased from the traditional stratum with higher winter colony losses to the intensive agriculture stratum with lower losses. This does not support the hypothesis that the intensive agriculture per se affect honey bees negatively.ConclusionsSocial system factors dominate over ecological factors, and interact across scales. This requires systems analyses of honey bees and beekeeping. We see beekeeping as a social innovation enhancing stakeholders’ navigation in social systems, thus supporting rural development in countries in transition like Ukraine.
Two grounds of liability
Authors: Tadros Victor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis essay argues that culpability and responsibility are independent notions, even though some of the same facts make us both responsible and culpable. Responsibility for one’s conduct is grounded in the strength of the agential connection between oneself and one’s conduct. Culpability for one’s conduct is the vices that give rise to that conduct. It then argues that responsibility and culpability for causing a threat are each grounds of liability to defensive harm independent of the other.
A LSTM-Based Anomaly Detection Model for Log Analysis
Authors: Zhao Zhijun , Xu Chen , Li Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSecurity devices produce huge number of logs which are far beyond the processing speed of human beings. This paper introduces an unsupervised approach to detecting anomalous behavior in large scale security logs. We propose a novel feature extracting mechanism and could precisely characterize the features of malicious behaviors. We design a LSTM-based anomaly detection approach and could successfully identify attacks on two widely-used datasets. Our approach outperforms three popular anomaly detection algorithms, one-class SVM, GMM and Principal Components Analysis, in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Characteristics of the copper‐induced viable‐but‐non‐culturable state in bacteria
Authors: Maertens Laurens , Matroule Jean-Yves , Van Houdt Rob 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe antimicrobial applications of copper (Cu) are exploited in several industries, such as agriculture and healthcare settings. While Cu is capable of efficiently killing microorganisms, sub-lethal doses can induce a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state in bacteria of many distinct clades. VBNC cells cannot be detected by standard culture-based detection methods, and can become a threat to plants and animals as they often retain virulent traits upon resuscitation. Here we discuss the putative mechanisms of the Cu-induced VBNC state. Common observations in Cu-induced VBNC cells include a cellular response to reactive oxygen species, the exhaustion of energy reserves, and a reconfiguration of the proteome. While showing partial overlap with other VBNC state-inducing stressors, these changes seem to be part of an adaptive response to Cu toxicity. Furthermore, we argue that Cu resistance mechanisms such as P-type ATPases and multicopper oxidases may ward off entry into the VBNC state to some extent. The spread of these mechanisms across multi-species populations could increase population-level resistance to Cu antimicrobials. As Cu resistance mechanisms are often co-selected with antibiotic resistance mechanisms, this threat is exacerbated.
Evaluation of seasonal variation and the optimization of reducing sugar extraction from Ulva prolifera biomass using thermochemical method
Authors: Dave Niyam , Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan , Singh Ram Sharan , Giri Balendu Shekher , Selvaraj Raja , Vinayagam Ramesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGreen macroalgae comprise significant amount of structural carbohydrates for their conversion to liquid biofuels. However, it generally relies on species characteristics and the variability in seasonal profile to determine its route for bioprocessing. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the indigenous marine macroalgal strain (Ulva prolifera) with respect to periodic trend and reducing sugar extraction. Consequently, in our investigation, the monthly variation in sugar profile and bioethanol yield was assessed between the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, of which relatively high reducing sugar and fermentative bioethanol yield of about 0.152 ± 0.009 g/gdw and 6.275 ± 0.161 g/L was obtained for the October-month isolate (MITM10). Thereafter, the biochemical profile of this collected biomass (MITM10) revealed carbohydrate 34.98 ± 3.30%, protein 12.45 ± 0.49%, and lipid 1.93 ± 0.07%, respectively, on dry weight basis. Of these, the total carbohydrate fraction yielded the maximum reducing sugar of 0.156 ± 0.005 g/gdw under optimal conditions (11.07% (w/v) dosage, 0.9 M H2SO4, 121°C for 50 min) for thermal-acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the elimination of polysaccharides was confirmed using the characterization techniques scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Therefore, the present thermochemical treatment method provides a species-specific novel strategy to breakdown the macroalgal cell wall polysaccharides that enhances sugar extraction for its utilization as an efficient bioenergy resource.
Mathematics teacher learning to notice: a systematic review of studies of video-based programs
Authors: Santagata Rossella , König Johannes , Scheiner Thorsten , Nguyen Ha , Adleff Ann-Kristin , Yang Xinrong , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTeacher noticing has become increasingly acknowledged as a fundamental aspect of teacher professional competence. Teacher education scholars have examined how the development of noticing might be supported both in initial teacher education and in professional development. In mathematics teacher education, several studies have explored the use of video as a supporting tool for teacher noticing. It remains unclear how this body of work builds on the various theoretical perspectives of noticing prevalent in the literature, thus broadening our understanding of noticing. Furthermore, the field has not examined systematically the extent to which research has leveraged the affordances of digital video technologies, and whether scholars have employed different research methods to answer questions that are critical to teacher educators. This survey paper reviews studies published in the last two decades on programs centered on mathematics teacher noticing that used video as a supporting tool for teacher learning. Thirty-five peer-reviewed papers written in English were identified and coded along three dimensions: (1) theoretical perspectives; (2) use of video technologies; and (3) research questions and methods. This review summarizes important findings and highlights several directions for future research. Most studies involved pre-service teachers, and only a few centered on in-service teachers. Developers of the large majority of programs took a cognitive psychological perspective and focused on the attending/perceiving and interpreting/reasoning facets of noticing. Few studies used video-based software and few studies used grouping, and even fewer used randomized grouping. Evidence of program effects on responding and decision making, and on instructional practice, is limited and should be extended in the future.