bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
قواعد في رد البدعة عند علماء الشافعية
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ihsan  
Published: August 2021

مما قد علم بالنصوص الشرعية أن البدعة في الشرع كلها ضلالة، وليس منها شيء حسن، وأن العمل إذا تبين كونه بدعة فهو باطل ومردود على صاحبه، إلا أن أصحاب البدعة لهم شبه وحجج يتشبثوا بها في تحسين البدع وتبريرها وترويجها بين الناس. وقد ذكر أهل العلم من جميع المذاهب قواعد وأصولا يمكن من خلالها معرفة بطلان البدعة وردها ودحض شبهات أهلها. فهذا البحث المتواضع مشاركة في بيان هذا الأمر وذلك من خلال أقوال علماء الشافعية رحمهم الله. وقسمته إلى مقدمة تشتمل على خلفية البحث وتحديد المسألة ومنهج البحث، ثم موضوع البحث ويشتمل على تعريف البدعة لغة واصطلاحا، وتعريف القاعدة وأهمية معرفتها، وقواعد في رد البدعة في نظر علماء الشافعية، ثم الخاتمة وفيها ذكر نتائج البحث.
وهذا البحث يُعدُّ من البحوث المكتبية التي تعتمد على المنهج الكمي (Kuantitatif) الذي يقوم بجمع أقوال علماء الشافعية من بطون مؤلفاتهم المتعلقة بهذه المسألة، وأما ما يتعلق بعرض البيانان وتقريب المعلومات للوصول إلى نتائج البحث فيستخدم المنهج الوصفي (Deskriptif) والاستقرائي (Dedukatif) وتحليل المحتوى (Analisa isi).
ومن خلال دراسة أقوال هؤلاء العلماء واستقرائها وتحليلها يمكن تلخيص القواعد لرد البدعة في الأمور التالية: 1) الأصل في العبادة المنع أو التحريم، ويندرج تحت هذه القاعدة: أن العبادة لا تبنى على القياس، وأن الثواب على العمل مبني على التوقيف أيضا، 2) كل بدعة ضلالة، 3) درء المفسدة مقدم على جلب المصلحة، 4)النية الحسنة غير كافية في قبول العبادة،5) الاحتياط في موافقة السنة والاقتداء بسلف الأمة 6) الكثرة ليست دليلا على الحق، وإنما الحق موافقة الكتاب والسنة.
KAIDAH “PADA DASARNYA PERINTAH BERARTI WAJIB, KECUALI JIKA DALIL MENUNJUKKAN HAL LAIN” DAN PENERAPANNYA PADA BAB MUAMALAH
Authors: Anas Burhanuddin  
Published: August 2021

Muamalat (transactions or dealings) is a quarter of the fiqh chapter besides worship, munakahah (marriage) and jinayah chapters. Another perspective, muamalah is half fiqh; because munakahah and jinayah can be put under muamalah. Showing the urgency of the muamalah chapter is being half of the religion. On the other hand, the rules “Basically, the Command Means Obligatory, Unless The Postulate Shows Other Things” is one of the most important rules in ushl al-fiqh. This study examines this rule and its application in the Muamalah chapter. The research method used is a qualitative with a theory implementation approach. The data sources are the books of ushlal-fiqh, fiqh, interpretation, hadith and Arabic. Data collection and analysis are done deductively.
The most important results of this study are as follows: (1) The strongest opinion is that the command basically shows the obligation, unless the postulate transfers it to another meaning. (2) The ushuliyyah rules have enough examples of application in the muamalah chapter, such as: a. Basically the order means mandatory while there is no postulate that diverts it to other meanings, for example the order to return the slave brothers who are sold separately, the order to determine the size of the salam commodity, the order to return goods borrowed and deposited, and the order to sell similar ribawi commodities in tamatsul (such as in the dose or the scales) and taqabud (cash). b. The orders change meaning to sunnah or other meanings if there is a postulate that diverts them to these other meanings. For example, orders to bring witnesses in a sale and purchase transaction, waqf orders, and orders to record debts and credit. (3) Sometimes there are different points of view in understanding the meaning of the command, and whether there is a postulate that diverts it from the meaning of mandatory. For example, the order to take and announce the finding (luqathah) and the order to accept the transfer of receivables to third parties, if the third party is rich (liquid).
KONTRIBUSI ‘ABDUSH SHAMAD FALIMBANI DALAM PENYEBARAN HADIS DI INDONESIA MELALUI KITAB NASHIHAH AL-MUSLIMIN
Authors: Hendri Waluyo Lensa  , Sucipto  
Published: August 2021

There is something interesting in the book written by one of the Indonesian scholars known as ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani. He is among those who teach Sufism to his students. But in the book, he brought a lot of Qur’an texts and hadiths. This research is limited to two problem formulations, including: what the contribution of ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani in the distribution of hadith through the book of nashihah al-muslimin is and how the content of the hadith in the book Nasihah al-Muslimin is. This research is included in a variety of qualitative research. The data is collected by the document study method which is related to several research variables. The primary document is the book Nasihah al-Muslimin owned by the writer,it is then supplemented by secondary documents in the form of files that can be downloaded for free on the internet. Data analysis is done by reducing the data needed to answer the problem formulations.
There are several conclusions from this study, including: first, The contribution of ‘AbdushShamadFalimbani in the distribution of hadith in Indonesia through the book Nashihah al-Muslimin is enormous. Many Muslims join the call for jihad to raise the sentence of Allah through the delivery of the Qur'anic texts and many hadiths in the book. Various sources of hadith references are supported by his presence at the time of writing the book when he stayed in the Arabian Peninsula, so that references to hadith books can be found easily and are sufficient. Second, the content of the hadith in the book of Nashihah al-Muslimin which is very dense is a proof of the contribution of ‘AbdushShamad who was quite good in his day. Although, There has not yet obtained from his work that specifically discusses the narration of the hadith. But his efforts in the mention of hadiths that can be traced in the books of the hadith are an effort that should be grateful.
تقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة عند الغلاة في تعظيم النبي
Authors: Ali Musri Semjan Putra  
Published: August 2021

فلا يحق لكائن من كان أن يعظم النبي بأمر من عنده لم يشرعه الله في كتابه أو على لسان رسوله. لقد كان من أكبر آثار الغلو في الرسول ظهور البدع في العقائد والعبادات والتي أظهرها المبتدعة بدعوى حبهم للرسول فجعلوا المحبة مبرراً لهم في صنيعهم، كما حاولوا أن يلتمسوا لها من الشبه الباطلة ما يقوي بنيانها.
فيجب على المسلم أن يفرق بين المشروع وبين غيره في هذا الجانب وعدم التفرقة بينهما هو الذي أوقع المبتدعة في الغلو الذي ذمه الله ورسوله، وذلك كالاستغاثة به وطلب الحاجات منه ودعائه من دون الله واعتقاد أنه خلق من نور وأن الكون كله قد خلق من نوره، وأنه يتصرف في الأكون، ويعلم الغيب مطلقا إلى غير ذلك من العقائد الباطلة، فكل هذا من الغلو الذي نهى الله عنه وفاعل هذا مضاد لتعظيمه.
والمنهج المسلوك في كتابة البحث هو المنهج الاستقرائي والاستنباطي من خلال النصوص الشرعية من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية ثم الاستفادة من أقوال العلماء في تفسيرها وشرحها.
وقد تنوعت ضروب البدع وتعددت، وكلّما مضى الزمان ازدادت البدع حتى أصبحت عقيدة راسخة في النفوس، ومن هنا لابد من وجود الجهود التي تكشف عن المنهج الصحيح في التعامل مع هذا الوضع الراهن، وخاصة المتعلمين من أبناء هذه الأمة لتقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة في تعظيم النبي ورسلته بالحقائق العلمية والأساليب الصحيح والوسائل الراجحة الناجحة.
WALI ADHAL DALAM PERNIKAHAN (Penyebab dan Penyelesaiannya Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam)
Authors: Syailendra Sabdo Djati PS  
Published: August 2021

Marriage is a bond between humans on a voluntary basis, according to religion and law. The normative procedure for organizing a marriage is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. In the implementation of marriage, it must fulfill the pillars in the form of: 1. fiancé, 2. fiancée, 3. marriage guardian, 4. two witnesses and, 5. consent and acceptance. However, sometimes marriage is hindered by a guardian who is reluctant or refuses to marry off which is known as adhal.This study seeks to determine the definition of adhal and adhal guardian and its laws in Islam, the factors that cause guardian to do adhal and how it is resolved in the perspective of Islamic law. The writing method used is descriptive qualitative by looking at data in the field and studying of relevant literature. Factors that cause the occurrence of adhal can be due to fiancédoes not meet the criteria of guardian in terms of origin, nature, social, economy, as well as the unharmonious relationship between the guardianand the woman under his guardianship, or motives for hurt toward ex-wife.The solution of adhal guardian is to use kinship persuasive advice. If this does not work, the bride and groom can ask for the appointment of a guardian to the Religious Court. After the verdict is issued, the marriage can be carried out with the magistrate guardianand registered at the KUA.
Quality control questions on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk): A randomized trial of impact on the USAUDIT, PHQ-9, and GAD-7
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Nolan Rachael , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCrowdsourced psychological and other biobehavioral research using platforms like Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is increasingly common – but has proliferated more rapidly than studies to establish data quality best practices. Thus, this study investigated whether outcome scores for three common screening tools would be significantly different among MTurk workers who were subject to different sets of quality control checks. We conducted a single-stage, randomized controlled trial with equal allocation to each of four study arms: Arm 1 (Control Arm), Arm 2 (Bot/VPN Check), Arm 3 (Truthfulness/Attention Check), and Arm 4 (Stringent Arm – All Checks). Data collection was completed in Qualtrics, to which participants were referred from MTurk. Subjects (n = 1100) were recruited on November 20–21, 2020. Eligible workers were required to claim U.S. residency, have a successful task completion rate > 95%, have completed a minimum of 100 tasks, and have completed a maximum of 10,000 tasks. Participants completed the US-Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (USAUDIT), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and a screener for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). We found that differing quality control approaches significantly, meaningfully, and directionally affected outcome scores on each of the screening tools. Most notably, workers in Arm 1 (Control) reported higher scores than those in Arms 3 and 4 for all tools, and a higher score than workers in Arm 2 for the PHQ-9. These data suggest that the use, or lack thereof, of quality control questions in crowdsourced research may substantively affect findings, as might the types of quality control items.
Enhancement of Piezoelectric Coefficient (d33) in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling
Authors: Fortunato Marco , Tamburrano Alessio , Bracciale Maria Paola , Santarelli Maria Laura , Sarto Maria Sabrina 
Published: August 2021

In the last years flexible, low-cost, wearable and innovative piezoelectric nanomaterials, have attracted a considerable interest to develop energy harvesters and sensors. Among the piezoelectric materials, a special focus was paid on electroactive polymers such as Poly(vinylidene fluoride) [PVDF] and on its copolymer Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [PVDF-TrFe], which is one of the most investigated piezoelectric polymers, due to the high β-phase content resulting under specific curing or processing conditions. However, to get high piezoelectric coefficient (d33), alignment of the β-phase domains is needed, which is usually obtained by applying a high electric fields at moderate temperatures. This process, usually referred as electrical poling, requires the deposition of contact electrodes over the sample surface, and the use of high voltage apparatus. In the present work, in order to overcome these constraints we have produced, characterized and studied a polymer nanocomposite, consisting of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles dispersed in PVDF-TrFe with enhancement of the β-phase alignment through and applied a DC magnetic fields. The magnetic poling was demonstrated to be particular effective, leading to a piezoelectric coefficient, d33, with values up to 39 pm/V. The magnetic poling does not need the use a top electrode and of high magnetic fields (the maximum value of d33 was obtained at 50 mT, using a current of 0.4 A) making the PVDF-TrFE/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite suitable for the fabrication of highly efficient devices for energy harvesting and wearable sensors.
Intelligent Pipe, A New Monitoring Solution For Your Wells
Authors: Bulard Francois-Xavier , Tavernier Emmanuel , Deroubaix Antoine , Caruso Umberto 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Well integrity to prevent catastrophic damage has always been a key focus of the Oil and Gas industry and Oil and Gas operators keep working to reinforce it.
Today, well integrity data available throughout the life of the well remains limited. Being able to know the wellbore parameters at different depths would help operators anticipate and identify problems throughout the life of their well. In addition, knowing the exact performances of each pipe will provide operators with the actual safety margin they have against well load cases, therefore allowing them to better monitor the well, based on real well data.
The integration of a pressure and temperature sensor element in tubulars is possible thanks to the use of MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) technology. Low-power consumption combined with an adapted transmission technology opens the door to the use of this intelligent technology inside an O&G well. Embedded sensors allow operators to access previously inaccessible well areas in real time. The qualification of this technology is carried out in a way as to ensure the integrity of the system and its long-term viability.
This paper will present an innovative intelligent tube solution, from its qualification to its deployment. This solution will change the way wells are monitored. By combining the data retrieved by the sensors with the actual resistance of each pipe in the well, operators will be able to adjust their production parameters while ensuring the safety of their installation.
This approach is new and, leveraging the latest IoT technologies, opens a new era for easier and optimized data-based Oil and Gas well monitoring.
An Innovative ECA Approach For Reeled CRA Welds And Its Validation Programme
Authors: Jones Richard , Sriskandarajah Dr Thurairajah , Zhou Dr Daowu , Hymers James , Munro Kieran , Chan Hung Hing , Roberts Graeme 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative defect growth ECA methodology for pipeline girth welds and its validation programme, applied specifically to reeling ECA of pipelines with under-matched strength welds.
The ECA method is a tear-fatigue approach that accounts for the blunting limit in JR curves during pipe spooling and reel-lay. Fatigue crack growth may occur by low cycle high stress fatigue and by tearing, but the latter only if the crack tip opening displacement exceeds the blunting limit.
Conventional ECA with BS7910 is limited because the weld's strength needs to be over-matched. Alternative industry methods for the application of FEA to under-matched strength welds are computationally more intensive than the presented innovative approach.
Fatigue crack growth for low cycle high stress fatigue is calculated using Paris’ Law in the approach but, if the crack tip opening due to the tearing mechanism is less than the blunting limit then tearing growth is zero. With the innovative method, if the crack tip opening displacement exceeds the blunting limit then the tearing defect growth is included. Hence, the method is a combined tear-fatigue approach.
Welded pipe strings were fabricated from pups composed of clad material; i.e. carbon backing steel pipe with a 3 mm layer of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) on the inner circumference.
Each test string was approximately 10.5m long and fabrication was from a mix of six 0.5m length pups in the central zone of each string and two longer end pups. Three girth welds included EDM notches for test purposes which simulated planar flaws. The notches were on the extreme tension fibre, as the test string gets pulled to the reel former in a reeling test rig.
Full scale reeling simulations involved pulling the test strings up to 6 times to the reel former in a reeling test rig. Measurement of defect growth associated with the EDM notches was by scanning electron microscope (SEM), from specimen segments extracted from the test strings.
Predictions of defect growth were by finite element models in combination with pipe-specific data that was the outcome of an associated small-scale test programme.
Validation of the ECA-by-FEA approach is by a predictive best estimate study, for which there is excellent agreement between the measured values and the calculated defect growths. The ECA-by-FEA approach is conservative for project work, as shown by a high estimate study and an offset blunting limit study.
Early development of the ECA approach was for small diameter CRA pipelines during the execution of the Guara-Lula project (Sriskandarajah et al, 2015). The presented full-scale tests, innovative defect growth measurement by scanning electron microscope and the FEA and defect growth calculations were full validation of the approach, with pipe strings that had outer diameter of 323.9mm.
Peripheral Neuropathy in Leprosy: Clinical Manifestations and Disability in a Colombian National Referral Center
Authors: Trujillo-Ramirez Laura , Palacios-Ariza María Alejandra , Pradilla Ivan , Gamboa Luis Arturo 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To describe the neurological features of the physical examination in patients with Hansen’s disease who were treated in Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: We carried out a descriptive study of all patients with a Hansen’s disease diagnosis treated at a referral center between 2003-2018.Results: There were 327 eligible electronic health records (EHRs) with a final sample of 282 subjects. Leprosy was most common in males (57.45%), median age at the diagnosis was 54 years, and lesions of the lower limbs were more common (75.1%). The median time from disease onset to consult was 12 months. Most of them were classified as having lepromatous leprosy (39.7%). Pain over the median nerve trunk was the most common manifestation of disease (28%), followed by pain over the radial trunk (22%). Sensitive alterations were more common than motor ones. Specifically, the posterior tibial nerve was affected in nearly half of subjects. Dual impairment was more common in the ulnar nerve (13.8%). Some disability was apparent in 23.8% of subjects; predominantly grade 1 disability.Conclusion: Findings regarding age, leprosy type, and the frequency of individual nerve compromise were consistent with reports from other countries. Nerve trunk thickening was infrequent, which might be a consequence of subjectiveness in the examination and sample differences in sex distribution, degree of disability and time since disease onset. The frequency of morbidity and disability found in this sample, though low when compared with other series, fails to meet public health goals, including those limiting disability in younger subjects.
The Effect Of Third Party Funds (DPK), Non Performing Financing (NPF), And Indonesian Sharia Bank Certificates (SBIS) On Sharia Banking Financing Distribution In Indonesia
Authors: Pradesyah Riyan , Triandhini Yuyun 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of DPK, NPF, and SBIS either partially or simultaneously on the distribution of Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. In this research , using quantitative methods and the type of data used is secondary data. The sample used in this study is data on total financing, DPK, NPF and fund placement in Islamic Commercial Bank SBIS which are contained in the monthly Islamic Banking Statistics published by the Financial Services Authority for the period 2015 - 2019. The data analysis technique used in this study is test classical assumption, multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The results of this study were processed in the SPSS 22 program.The results showed that partially (t test) the DPK variable had a positive effect on the distribution of financing. This was evidenced by the t count (56.185)> (1.67252) t table and the sig value. 0.000 < 0.005. The NPF variable has a negative effect with t count (-3.914) <(1.67252) t table and sig. 0.000 < 0.005. The SBIS variable has no effect, as evidenced by the t count (1.536) <(1.67252) t table and the sig value. 0.130 > 0.005. Taken together (F test) shows that DPK, NPF, and SBIS have a significant effect on financing distribution as evidenced by the value of F count (1565,122)> (2.77) F table and sig. 0.000 < 0.005. The adjusted R2 value is 0.988, which means that the DPK, NPF and SBIS variables affect the distribution of financing by 98.8% while the remaining 1.2% is influenced by variables outside of this research .
Attitudes of patients with spondylarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis regarding biological treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-center, phone-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Zateri Coskun , Birtane Murat , Aktaş İlknur , Sarıkaya Selda , Rezvani Aylin , Altan Lale , Dursun Nigar , Dursun Erbil , Taştekin Nurettin , Çeliker Reyhan , Özdolap Şenay , Akgün Kenan 
Published: August 2021

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the medical treatment attitudes of patients with spondylarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were using biological drugs during the novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Patients and methods: In this multi-center, cross-sectional study, a total of 277 patients (178 males, 99 females; median age: 45 years; range, 20 to 77 years) who were using biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) for rheumatic diseases and were reached by phone between June 1st, 2020 and June 30th, 2020 were included. Demographic characteristics, working status, type of the rheumatic disease, comorbidities, smoking habits, and type of the bDMARDs were recorded. Disease activity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were asked whether they continued the treatment plan, as it was before or changed and, if changed, how they changed the plan and what happened after the change.
Results: Of the patients, 229 had spondylarthritis and 48 had RA. A total of 36.1% of the patients were smokers, and the most common comorbidity was hypertension (17.3%). Totally, 5.8% of the patients had a history of contact with a COVID-19 positive person. Only three (1.1%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and none of them died. Of the patients, 64.3% continued their treatment, while 35.7% adopted various changes. Most patients made the decision about the treatment plan on their own (n=160, 57.8%), while 38.3% of them consulted their physicians and 13.9% of them consulted any health staff. The only significant parameter for changing the drug course was receiving intravenous bDMARDs (by infusion at hospital) (p=0.001). These patients had also a higher disease activity as measured by VAS, compared to the patients receiving non-infusion therapy (p=0.021). As a result of these changes, severity of the symptoms increased in 91 (32.9%) patients. Disruption of regular biological treatment and prior infusion therapy more likely worsened the complaints (p<0.001 and p=0.024, respectively).
Conclusion: Intravenous bDMARD therapy seems to be the main factor affecting the continuity of the treatment in the pandemic period. During the pandemic period, alternative treatment options should be considered other than infusion therapy not to interrupt the treatment of these patients.