bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolic syndrome in pediatrics: do we have a reliable definition? A systematic review
Authors: Tropeano Angelo , Corica Domenico , Li Pomi Alessandra , Pepe Giorgia , Morabito Letteria Anna , Curatola Selenia Lorenza , Casto Celeste , Aversa Tommaso , Wasniewska Malgorzata 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardio-metabolic risk factors associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the last two decades, several definitions of metabolic syndrome have been proposed for the pediatric population; all of them agree on the defining components but differ in the suggested criteria for diagnosis. This review aims to analyze the current diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome in pediatrics with reference to their feasibility and reliability in clinical practice.

Methods
The systematic research was conducted from January 2003 to June 2020 through MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases.

Results
After the selection phase, a total of 15 studies (182 screened) met the inclusion criteria and are reported in the present review. Twelve studies were cross-sectional, two were longitudinal and one was a consensus report. The sample population consisted of multiethnic group or single ethnic group, including Turkish, European, Asian and Hispanic subjects.

Conclusions
To date, there is not a univocal, internationally accepted pediatric definition of metabolic syndrome, which guarantees a high sensitivity and stability of the diagnosis. The definition proposed by IDF results the most straightforward and easy to use in clinical practice, having the unquestionable advantage of requiring measurements quickly accessible in clinical practice, without the adoption of multiple reference tables. Further research is needed to validate a new version of such definition which includes the diagnostic cut-off points recently suggested by published guidelines.
Trends in Length of Stay and Readmissions in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Brown Charlotte M. , Williams Derek J. , Hall Matt , Freundlich Katherine L. , Johnson David P. , Lind Carrie , Rehm Kris , Frost Patricia A. , Doupnik Stephanie K. , Ibrahim Dena , Patrick Stephen , Howard Leigh M. , Gay James C. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Patient complexity at US children’s hospitals is increasing. Hospitals experience concurrent pressure to reduce length of stay (LOS) and readmissions, yet little is known about how these common measures of resource use and quality have changed over time. Our aim was to examine temporal trends in medical complexity, hospital LOS, and readmissions across a sample of US children’s hospitals.

METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients from 42 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System from 2013 to 2017. After excluding deaths, healthy newborns, obstetric care, and low volume service lines, we analyzed trends in medical complexity, LOS, and 14-day all-cause readmissions using generalized linear mixed effects models, adjusting for changes in patient factors and case-mix.

RESULTS:
Between 2013 and 2017, a total of 3 355 815 discharges were included. Over time, the mean case-mix index and the proportion of hospitalized patients with complex chronic conditions or receiving intensive care increased (P &lt; .001 for all). In adjusted analyses, mean LOS declined 3% (61.1 hours versus 59.3 hours from 2013 to 2017, P &lt; .001), whereas 14-day readmissions were unchanged (7.0% vs 6.9%; P = .03). Reductions in adjusted LOS were noted in both medical and surgical service lines (3.6% and 2.0% decline, respectively; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Across US children’s hospitals, adjusted LOS declined whereas readmissions remained stable, suggesting that children’s hospitals are providing more efficient care for an increasingly complex patient population.
Ratings of Physician Communication by Caregivers of Hospitalized Children With and Without Autism
Authors: Campbell Kathleen , Cunningham Sean , Neeley Allison , Young Paul C. , Stoddard Gregory , Stone Bryan , Carbone Paul S. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To investigate caregivers’ perceptions of physician communication and hospital ratings for hospitalized children with and without autism and assess associations between perceived quality of physician communication and overall ratings of the hospital.METHODS:We studied survey data from caregivers of 543 patients with autism compared with a 2:1 matched control sample of 1086 patients with similar characteristics but without autism from a single children’s hospital. We analyzed survey items related to physician communication and hospital ratings from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Physicians and Systems Child Hospital Survey. We constructed multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between caregiver-perceived physician communication and caregivers’ overall ratings of the hospital.RESULTS:A similar proportion of caregivers of children with and without autism reported that doctors “always” listened carefully to them (71.4% vs 74.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.96; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.03) and “always” treated them with respect (80.0% vs 84.1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.90–1.00). Caregivers of children with autism were less likely to “definitely” recommend the hospital (87.0% vs 92.3%; adjusted prevalence ratio 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.98). All items related to caregiver-perceived physician communication were associated with the highest hospital rating and the highest recommendation of the hospital in both groups.CONCLUSIONS:When matched on the basis of medical and social factors, caregivers of children with and without autism reported similar frequencies of highest-quality physician communication. Improvement of physician communication with caregivers of medically and socially complex children with and without autism may improve caregivers’ overall ratings of the hospital.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurology Trainees' Education and Practice
Authors: Farheen Amtul 
Published: June 2021

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly changed the neurology training landscape. The study was designed to assess the effects of COVID-19 on the education, practice, and well-being of US neurology trainees.
Methods: A 36-item survey was distributed to neurology residents and fellows in the United States through various media platforms.
Results: Over an 8-week period, 286 responses were received, 285 were included. Almost all (93%) trainees were in an academic setting. Tele-neurology use by trainees was minimal (13%) prior to the pandemic; however, during the pandemic 91% reported using it. A majority (84%) of trainees did not receive training in tele-neurology prior to the pandemic. Most trainees felt that the pandemic impacted their education with fewer lectures being available, and 77% resorted to getting lectures from outside institutions. Tele-lecturing with video conferencing was the most common mode of education during the pandemic. A third (33%) of trainees felt that they did not have enough PPE during the pandemic. Most trainees worried about exposing themselves or their families to COVID-19, and had increased stress levels.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that most neurology trainees had no training nor exposure to tele-neurology prior to the pandemic, and were rapidly thrusted into tele-neurology during the pandemic. Trainees had an overall negative educational impact, and were stressed during the pandemic. Use of technology and availability of outside institutions’ lectures were most helpful to continue with educational activities during this time.
Eyelid myotonia and face stiffness in skeletal muscle sodium channelopathy
Authors: Adhikari Srijan , Statland Jeffrey , Farmakidis Constantine 
Published: June 2021

Title Eyelid myotonia and face stiffness in skeletal muscle sodium channelopathy
Video Legend Video 1. Notice the delayed relaxation of the eyelids after forced eye closure (eyelid myotonia). Also, notice the full facial hair to prevent facial muscle stiffening exacerbation with cold weather.
AuthorsSrijan Adhikari, MBBS, Jeffrey Statland, MD, Constantine Farmakidis, MD
Authors information:
Srijan Adhikari, MBBS, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9653-3079, University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Kansas City, Kansas, USAJeffrey Statland, MD, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0790-5315 University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Kansas City, Kansas, USAConstantine Farmakidis, MD, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4688-9224, University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
Corresponding Author
Srijan Adhikari, MBBS,Department of Neurology,University of Kansas Medical Center,3901 Rainbow Boulevard., MS 2012,Kansas City, KS 66160sadhikari@kumc.edu
Author Conflict of Interests
Dr Adhikari has nothing to disclose.Dr. Statland reports grants from NIH, grants from MDA, grants from FSHD Society, grants from Friends of FSH Research, personal fees from Dyne, personal fees from Fulcrum, personal fees from Avidity, personal fees from MT Pharma, personal fees from Acceleron, personal fees from Sarepta, personal fees from Strongbridge, outside the submitted work. Dr. Farmakidis reports personal fees from Argnex, personal fees from Momenta, personal fees from Terumo BCT, outside the submitted work.
Water pollution index of high Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River, Andahuaylas, Peru
Authors: Choque-Quispe David , Ramos-Pacheco Betsy Suri , Ligarda-Samanez Carlos Alberto , Solano-Reynoso Aydeé Marilú , Correa-Cuba Odilon , Quispe-Quispe Yadira , Choque-Quispe Yudith 
Published: June 2021

During its journey, the river water suffers natural or anthropic contamination, deteriorating its quality. This impact can be qualified by determining the pollution Indexes (IPO). The work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of the IPOs in the water of the high Andean micro-basin of the Chumbao River. The study included the section from 13°46'38.4” S, 73°15'32.3” W at 4079 m of altitude up to 13°35'26.4” S, 73°27'00.8” W at 2572 m of altitude. Physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of the water were determined in 8 points along the river. These were grouped to calculate the IPO by mineralization (IPOMI), organic matter (IPOMO), suspended solids (IPOSUS), and trophic (IPOTRO) in the dry and rainy seasons. The indexes were categorized from 0.0 (not polluted) to 1.0 (highly polluted). The data were collected in triplicate and valuated through ANOVA and Tukey's test. It was found that IPOSUS, IPOMI, and IPOMO. The points near the head of the micro-basin reported no and low pollution; besides, they increased considerably in urban areas reaching highly polluted levels. In contrast, IPOTRO reported a eutrophic state, and that contamination levels were higher in the dry season. The waters of the Chumbao River above 2900 m of altitude and close to the head of the micro-basin do not show contamination, but in the urban area the index of pollution is high.
Involucramiento parental mediante el juego en colegio semi rural en chile: contribuyendo al desarrollo de niñas, niños y adolescentes
Authors: Gacett Gasetet Paola , Villalón Calderón Marcelo , Salazar Acevedo Juan Eduardo , Poblete Achondo Catalina 
Published: June 2021

En el contexto de acompañar y favorecer un desarrollo integral entre niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) de un colegio rural de la comuna de El Monte, Chile. Dado el conocimiento existente que asocia un desarrollo más pleno y con menores posibilidades de toma de decisión con tendencia al riesgo en este grupo etario cuando existe un mayor involucramiento parental, un grupo interdisciplinario de profesionales está implementando el juego como una actividad que permite la articulación de objetivos pedagógicos de los ámbitos de formación genérica (actitudinal) y cognitiva a largo plazo mediante la participación activa de los adultos con quienes NNA mantienen un vínculo. Utilizando como marco de referencia la efectividad de la prevención ambiental, se revisan algunas nociones centrales. Entre ellas, la alfabetización emocional como factor protector de salud, la importancia de los límites que se adecúan en la interacción con los adultos según etapa del ciclo vital en NNA donde el juego puede actuar con un rol modelador, la interacción entre el neurodesarrollo y la exposición en este periodo a agentes externos (un ejemplo concreto es la exposición a drogas y alcohol que, retardada en su inicio, reduce la probabilidad de adicciones a futuro), y la importancia del rol de una comunidad de adultos con un mismo discurso, dispuestos a cuidar y generar condiciones para que lo anterior se plasme. Este es un primer reporte que busca ser un precedente para las investigaciones en terreno, que están en desarrollo.
Exchange rate pass-through: an analysis of a panel quantile regression
Authors: Colak Yasemin , Erden Lutfi 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the degree of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) with the focus on Taylor (2000)’s hypothesis that asserts ERPT tends to be high (low) in high (low) inflation states. To this end, a panel quantile regression is applied to the data from 37 countries over the period of 1996-2018. The panel quantile regression allows us to capture the distributional heterogeneity in the ERPT coefficient and thus to directly address the question of whether the ERPT degree depends on the inflationary environment. The results indicate that ERPT is low (high) at low (high) quantiles of the inflation rate, supporting Taylor’s hypothesis. Keywords: Exchange rate pass-through, Taylor’s Hypothesis, Panel Quantile RegressionJEL Codes: C13, E31, F31
Alienacja ekologiczna dzieci w wieku wczesnoszkolnym – refleksje nad pokoleniem pasażerów
Authors: Brudzińska Patrycja 
Published: June 2021

Prezentowany artykuł omawia problem jakości relacji współczesnych dzieci ze środowiskiem naturalnym. W tekście zamieszczono wyniki polskich i zagranicznych badań ukazujących poziom dziecięcej wiedzy przyrodniczej oraz wzrastającą tendencję do ograniczania czasu spędzanego w środowisku naturalnym. Poruszono także kwestię odpowiedzi na tę sytuację – dostrzeżenie potrzeby wyznaczania nowych miejsc do zabawy dziecięcej, umożliwienia prowadzenia obserwacji przyrody.
Father Jacek Woroniecki (1878–1949) – Master and Mentor of Catholic and Christian Pedagogical Thought
Authors: Nowak Marian 
Published: June 2021

Ojciec Jacek Woroniecki (1878-1949) – mistrz i mentor katolickiej i chrześcijańskiej myśli pedagogicznej
Ojciec Jacek Woroniecki przyczynił się do budowania nie tylko pedagogiki chrześcijańskiej i katolickiej, ale także pedagogiki w ogóle w Polsce, osiągając niekwestionowane mistrzostwo w tym zakresie. Jako mistrz i nauczyciel zaistniał na gruncie pedagogiki katolickiej i chrześcijańskiej, wnosząc swój wkład w wypracowywanie ich statusu dyscyplinarnego w ciągu całego swojego życia, które odczytujemy jako ilustrację kształtowania się jego dojrzałej wiary i z niej wynikającej jego naukowej refleksji.
Przestrzegając przed zbyt pochopnym zaliczaniem pedagogów do pedagogów katolickich, podejmuje problematykę pedagogiczną z pozycji, którą możemy określić jako pozycję mądrości chrześcijańskiej i w niej, zwłaszcza w Kościele katolickim, odkrywa to, co rozumiał on jako paedagogia perennis, zawierająca w swoich blokach tematycznych takie podstawowe grupy problemów, jak: 1) podmiot wychowania jako refleksję nad człowiekiem mającym być wychowanym; 2) przedmiot wychowania, czyli co w wychowaniu chcemy wytworzyć przez działalność wychowawczą oraz 3) wychowawcę, czyli tego, który pojedynczo czy społecznie ma pokierować procesem wychowania w wychowanku. Zauważając dominację postaw indywidualistycznych w nauczaniu i wychowaniu, Jacek Woroniecki eksponuje „społeczną stronę samej czynności wychowawczej”, nie deprecjonując w niczym „wartości indywidualnych wychowawcy”.
Zabierając głos w sprawie specyfiki pedagogiki, Woroniecki przyczynił się do umocnienia tej specyfiki, a jednocześnie wprowadził refleksję pedagogiczną w konteksty uniwersalności i wypracował jej status jako dyscypliny z własną tożsamością jak również otwartej na rzeczywistość, na inne dyscypliny oraz na wielorakie aspekty i wymiary ludzkiej egzystencji. Praktycznie przyczyniając się do rozwoju pedagogiki, wskazuje na sposoby kształtowania charakteru i osobowości wychowanka, postulując powrót do pedagogicznych zasad chrześcijaństwa zwanych uniwersalizmem pedagogicznym, w którym zwraca się uwagę na przedmiot formalny wychowania – człowieka – takiego, jakim on winien być wtedy, gdy osiągnie pełnię swojego osobowego bytu w wyniku właściwego, tj. harmonijnego rozwoju w nim wszystkich cnót przyrodzonych i nadprzyrodzonych.
e-Learning Integrated STEM Education Center (eLISE) in Asia: A Reflection Case Study of Taiwan and Vietnam Research Project
Authors: Chang Chun- Yen , Ling Lin Pei- , Thị Tố Khuyên Nguyễn 
Published: June 2021

Objective:This article describes the implementation plan, advance and future directions of the academic and educational research center eLISE (e-Learning Integrated STEM Education Center) whose foundation intends to narrow the collaboration between Taiwan and Vietnam in e-Learning and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) in the framework of the New Southbound Policy[1], a long-term project announced by the Taiwanese government to strengthen the partnership with South Asian countries.
Originality / contribution:This article contributes to the reflection about the promotion of international cooperation in innovation, scientific and technological research as well as the analysis of public policies guided towards e-Learning and STEM innovation.
Information collection method / strategies: The stages of the research and innovation process were (1) Innovation e-Learning and STEM Instruction teaching material and module: test application, teacher workshops and interviews (2) Innovation e-Learning and STEM assessment through CloudClassRoom observation with Gamified Electronic Audio Response System and Google Bert.
Conclusions: The description of the implementation of eLISE, the explanation of the development of innovative curriculums and teacher workshops, as well as the talent exchange and the cooperation between industry and academy, highlights the importance of cultivate talents and workforces educated through STEM and e-Learning, seeking regional development and prosperity for both, Taiwan and Vietnam.

[1] Office of Trade Negotiations, executive Yuan, Bureau of Foreign Trade, T. M. of E. A. New Southbound Policy Guidelines and Action Plan. (Taipei, 2017).
Sodium Silicate Based Drilling Fluid Application in Gulf of Thailand to Stabilise Wellbore: A Case Study
Authors: Sukarasep Waleepon , Sukanta Dey Rahul , Phonpuntin Visarut 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sodium Silicate were first used in water-based drilling fluids to stabilize claystone formations in the 1930's, but found favour in the 1990's in high performance, non dispersed water based systems for drilling problematic claystone formations as an alternative to oil-based drilling fluids. In Bongkot South field, Gulf of Thailand, sodium silicate-based drilling fluid (SSBDF) were used with mixed success in shallow gas drilling. Typically, platform WP-33, the claystone formation of the 12¼" section were drilled with 5% v/v Sodium Silicate in the water based drilling fluid together with excessive circulation as intention to improve hole cleaning frequently result in a wellbore that was overgauge by upto 18.9% in some case. This led to further hole cleaning problem that also compromised cement job quality.
A further 6 well campaign on WPS-16 required a re-evaulation of the SSBDF coupled to an understanding of the wellbore instability mechanisms that leads to hole enlargement. To overcome better wellbore stability, sodium silicate has been designed by increased concentration to 8% v/v sodium silicate treated drilling fluid showed optimal design for application base on application of SSBDF has been used on platform WP-11 in 2002. Rheology, hydraulic and flow regime was adjusted for laminar flow that reduced the erosion of fragile claystone formation in the wellbore.
The revised SSBDF formulation at WPS-16 result in a significant reduction of hole enlargement to 3.2% in the claystone section through a combination of chemicals and mechanical inhibition that contribute improved hole cleaning. The addition of wellbore strengthening material also provide an effective seal to minimize gas invasion. This paper describes the field trials in the Gulf of Thailand drilled with revised sodium sodium silicate based drilling fluid, the use of wellbore strengthening materials to manage gas influxes, better drilling practice and hydraclic simulation concluded that high performance water based drilling fluid of this nature have wider application where oil-base drilling fluid have traditionally been used.
Application of Hydraulic Fracturing Candidate Selection Leading to Oil Production Boost from Multi-Layered, Low-Permeability Reservoirs: A Successful Case Study in Thailand
Authors: Wantawin Marut , Sirirattanachatchawan Thum , Suppachokinirun Theerapat , Hnuruang Kittithuch , Rongdechprateep Sorawee , Charoenniwesnukul Kritsada 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing activities implemented in Sirikit onshore oilfield of Thailand over a decade. Before 2018, the variation in post-fracturing production performance resulted in about 50% stimulation success rate. This outcome posted a big challenge to maintain project momentum. Hence, the candidate selection methodology was developed in-house which recommends "suitable" reservoirs. Using selection criteria, the multi-layered, low permeability reservoirs were selected for the 2018-19 Hydraulic Fracturing Campaign.
Production analysis was conducted using the information gathered from past hydraulic fracturing campaigns. Reservoir Index (RI) was invented to distinguish the subsurface quality by formation permeability, thickness, pressure, and fluid properties. Together with the Fold of Increase (FOI) owing to hydraulic fracturing, a performance-based relationship was created which can categorize suitable reservoirs based on their RI ranges. This method has been applied to newly drilled wells during 2018. In the end, there were 13 wells selected to perform 28 hydraulic fracturing stages.
The 2018-2019 Hydraulic Fracturing Campaign at Sirikit Oilfield was planned and executed. Post-fracturing production tests showing significant improvement. Some wells resulted in excellent oil production rate naturally, while some maintained high rate by artificial lift. According to post-campaign analysis, hydraulic fractures were proved to connect multiple layers of satisfactory flow capacity. In addition, well angle and stress direction accommodated the placement and orientation of multiple hydraulic fractures. As a result, the number of hydraulic fracturing stages that achieved economic production tests improved to 75% success rate.
Hydraulic fracturing results from the past were fully utilized in order to achieve sustainable production improvement, thus driving continuous stimulation activities in the future. The candidate selection methodology has shaped up a candidate selection workflow that pointed out success criteria and avoided those that may lead to failure, which proved to be successful in one of the most complex fields in Thailand.