bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards robust Pseudomonas cell factories to harbour novel biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Bitzenhofer Nora Lisa , Kruse Luzie , Thies Stephan , Wynands Benedikt , Lechtenberg Thorsten , Rönitz Jakob , Kozaeva Ekaterina , Wirth Nicolas Thilo , Eberlein Christian , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Nikel Pablo Iván , Heipieper Hermann J. , Wierckx Nick , Loeschcke Anita 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biotechnological production in bacteria enables access to numerous valuable chemical compounds. Nowadays, advanced molecular genetic toolsets, enzyme engineering as well as the combinatorial use of biocatalysts, pathways, and circuits even bring new-to-nature compounds within reach. However, the associated substrates and biosynthetic products often cause severe chemical stress to the bacterial hosts. Species of the Pseudomonas clade thus represent especially valuable chassis as they are endowed with multiple stress response mechanisms, which allow them to cope with a variety of harmful chemicals. A built-in cell envelope stress response enables fast adaptations that sustain membrane integrity under adverse conditions. Further, effective export machineries can prevent intracellular accumulation of diverse harmful compounds. Finally, toxic chemicals such as reactive aldehydes can be eliminated by oxidation and stress-induced damage can be recovered. Exploiting and engineering these features will be essential to support an effective production of natural compounds and new chemicals. In this article, we therefore discuss major resistance strategies of Pseudomonads along with approaches pursued for their targeted exploitation and engineering in a biotechnological context. We further highlight strategies for the identification of yet unknown tolerance-associated genes and their utilisation for engineering next-generation chassis and finally discuss effective measures for pathway fine-tuning to establish stable cell factories for the effective production of natural compounds and novel biochemicals.
Multi‐level features extraction network with gating mechanism for crowd counting
Authors: Zeng Xin , Guo Qiang , Duan Haoran , Wu Yunpeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCrowd counting is still a practical and challenging problem owing to scale variations and information loss. Most existing methods based on the straightforward fusion of different features from a deep neural network seem to eliminate this limitation. However, these features are difficult to be fused since they often differ significantly in modality and dimensionality. Unlike previous works, a multi‐level features extraction network with gating mechanism for crowd counting is proposed. Specifically, a multi‐channel gated unit to adaptively extract features in different levels of the network is proposed, which can avoid interference from confusing information. To fully aggregate features via multi‐level fusion, multi‐level features extraction scheme is presented. The multi‐level features extraction network learns to fuse features from multiple levels and reduce false predictions. Extensive experiments and evaluations clearly illustrate that the proposed approach achieves state‐of‐the‐art counting performance against other methods on four mainstream crowd counting benchmarks.
Spectral index of synchrotron emission: insights from the diffuse and magnetised interstellar medium
Authors: Padovani Marco , Bracco Andrea , Jelić Vibor , Galli Daniele , Bellomi Elena 
Published: July 2021

Context.The interpretation of Galactic synchrotron observations is complicated by the degeneracy between the strength of the magnetic field perpendicular to the line of sight (LOS),B⊥, and the cosmic-ray electron (CRe) spectrum. Depending on the observing frequency, an energy-independent spectral energy slopesfor the CRe spectrum is usually assumed:s= −2 at frequencies below ≃400 MHz ands= −3 at higher frequencies.Aims.Motivated by the high angular and spectral resolution of current facilities such as the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and future telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), we aim to understand the consequences of taking into account the energy-dependent CRe spectral energy slope on the analysis of the spatial variations of the brightness temperature spectral index,β, and on the estimate of the average value ofB⊥along the LOS.Methods.We illustrate analytically and numerically the impact that different realisations of the CRe spectrum have on the interpretation of the spatial variation ofβ. We use two snapshots from 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations as input for the magnetic field, with median magnetic field strength of ≃4 and ≃20 μG, to study the variation ofβover a wide range of frequencies (≃0.1−10 GHz).Results.We find that the common assumption of an energy-independentsis only valid in special cases. We show that for typical magnetic field strengths of the diffuse ISM (≃2−20 μG), at frequencies of 0.1−10 GHz, the electrons that are mainly responsible for the synchrotron emission have energies in the range ≃100 MeV−50 GeV. This is the energy range where the spectral slope,s, of CRe varies to the greatest extent. We also show that the polarisation fraction can be much smaller than the maximum value of ≃70% because the orientation ofB⊥varies across the beam of the telescope and along the LOS. Finally, we present a look-up plot that can be used to estimate the average value ofB⊥along the LOS from a set of values ofβmeasured at different frequencies, for a given CRe spectrum.Conclusions.In order to interpret the spatial variations ofβobserved from centimetre to metre wavelengths across the Galaxy, the energy-dependent slope of the Galactic CRe spectrum in the energy range ≃100 MeV−50 GeV must be taken into account.
Die Sklerotherapie von Varizen – eine Anleitung für die Praxis
Authors: Thode Meike , Zinser Greta , Kahle Birgit 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Sklerosierung von Varizen hat sich als eine etablierte minimalinvasive Behandlungsoption zur Therapie der Varikose bewährt. Um eine suffiziente Sklerosierung zu gewährleisten, sind sowohl eine adäquate Konzentration des Sklerosierungsmittels als auch eine entsprechende Menge sowie die Form des Sklerosans (aufgeschäumt oder flüssig) festzulegen. Vor der Applikation sollte eine Lagekontrolle der Kanüle erfolgen, um eine paravasale Applikation zu vermeiden. Insbesondere die Sklerosierung mittels aufgeschäumtem Polidocanol erfordert zunächst etwas Übung, lässt sich jedoch mit entsprechender Vorbereitung und einigen Tipps und Tricks gut erlernen.
Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) for the treatment of gastric sleeve stenosis: a feasibility and safety study
Authors: Zhang Linda Y. , Canto Marcia I. , Schweitzer Michael A. , Khashab Mouen A. , Kumbhari Vivek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Traditional endoscopic treatments have limited success in gastric sleeve stenosis (GSS). Gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) could conceivably obliterate the twist/angulation that causes GSS through a tunneled stricturotomy. We report early outcomes of G-POEM for GSS treatment.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with GSS treated with G-POEM at our center. The primary end point was clinical success, defined as symptom improvement with resumption of adequate oral intake, without requiring further intervention.
Results 13 patients (mean age 43 ± 10.9 years; 12 female) underwent G-POEM for predominantly helical (11/13, 85 %) GSS. Three (23 %) had concurrent sleeve leak and 10 (77 %) had prior GSS treatment. Two intraoperative complications occurred, with no deviation to the procedure; no major complications occurred. At median follow-up of 175 (interquartile range [IQR] 119–260) days, clinical success was achieved in 10 patients (77 %). Median Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index score in responders decreased from 2.06 (IQR 1.5–2.8) to 0.39 (IQR 0.2–0.5). Three patients (23 %) required surgical revision.
Conclusions G-POEM was feasible and safe, and may provide an alternative option for those averse to undergoing surgical revision for treatment of GSS.
Effect of Lingual Frenotomy on Tongue and Lip Rest Position: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Martinelli Roberta Lopes Castro , Marchesan Irene Queiroz , Gusmão Reinaldo Jordão , Berretin-Felix Giédre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction The tongue plays an important role in the development of craniofacial structures. At rest, the light and constant pressure of the tongue against the hard palate, counterbalanced by the pressure provided by proper lip sealing, serves as a guide for maxillary growth. Ankyloglossia makes tongue coupling against the hard palate difficult, impacting maxillary development, which may lead to breathing disorders.
Objective To verify the effect of lingual frenotomy on the resting position of the tongue and lips in infants with ankyloglossia.
Methods The sample consisted of 334 infants aged between 1 and 60 days old diagnosed with ankyloglossia. The groups were divided in: a) experimental group (EG), which consisted of infants whose mothers agreed with lingual frenotomy; b) control group (CG), which consisted of infants whose mothers either refused lingual frenotomy or were waiting for surgery. Both the position of the lips and of the tongue at rest were assessed while the infants were sleeping during the quiet sleep phase. For mothers who refused their infants to undergo the surgical procedure, a follow-up of the infants was proposed to verify possible interference of the frenulum with the resting position of the tongue and lips. Infants whose mothers agreed with surgery were referred for lingual frenotomy.
Results Regarding the position of the tongue and lips at rest at the initial and final assessments, the statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences between both groups.
Conclusion Lingual frenotomy enabled infants diagnosed with ankyloglossia to maintain both tongue coupling against the hard palate and closed lips at rest.
Minimally Invasive Pronator Quadratus Sparing Approach versus Extended Flexor Carpi Radialis Approach with Pronator Quadratus Repair for Volar Plating in Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Goorens Chul ki , Debaenst Niels , Van Royen Kjell , Provyn Steven , Goubau Jean F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background Several volar plating techniques exist to treat distal radial fractures.
Question We investigated minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with pronator quadratus (PQ) sparing versus conventional flexor carpi radialis approach for volar plating with PQ repair after distal radial fractures during the first postoperative year.
Patients and Methods Prospective data of two consecutive cohorts were compared: 62 patients in MIPO group with an average age of 61.2 years and 66 patients in PQ repair group with an average age of 61.4 years completed the entire follow-up period.
Results Range of motion was not significantly different, except flexion–extension that was significantly higher in the MIPO group. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand was significantly lower in the MIPO group. Pain visual analogue scale was only significantly lower at 6 weeks. Grip strength measurements and patient satisfaction were not significantly different.
Conclusions MIPO volar plating with PQ sparing is a surgical technique that can be chosen according to surgeon's preference and expertise, resulting in a better flexion–extension mobility and function score according to our study.
Level of evidence This is a Level 3 study.
Benefits of Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Classification and Regression Tree Analysis in Function of Instrumentation, BMI, and Gender
Authors: Pereira Eduardo G. , Carvalho Maria M. , Oliveira Tiago , Sacramento Telmo , Cruz Henrique , Viegas Rui , Fontes Ana P. , Marreiros Ana , Sousa João P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that reduces blood loss in patients that undergo Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Few studies compare its effect on conventional instrumentation (CI) versus patient-specific instrumentation (PSI). The main objective of this study was to understand analytically how TXA usage in both instrumentations influenced blood loss in TKA differently and see if the differences seen could be explained by the patient's body mass index (BMI) and gender. This nonrandomized retrospective study sample consisted of 688 TKA procedures performed on patients who had symptomatic arthrosis resistant to conservative treatment. Descriptive analysis was used to evaluate blood loss using hemoglobin (Hb) mean values and mean variation (%). The Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) method was applied to understand how the independent variables affected the dependent variable. Comparing patients submitted to the same instrumentation, where some received TXA and others did not, patients that received TXA had lower blood loss. Comparing patients who underwent TKA with different instrumentations and without the use of TXA, it was found that patients who underwent TKA with PSI had lower blood loss than those who underwent TKA with CI. However, when these same instruments were compared again, but associated with the use of TXA, the opposite was true with patients undergoing TKA with PSI showing greater blood loss than patients undergoing TKA with CI. TXA usage in TKA is significantly beneficial in minimizing blood loss and regardless of instrumentation. When using TXA, the lowest blood loss was obtained in patients with higher BMI and submitted to TKA with CI. This is most likely explained by the synergistic antifibrotic effect of TXA with adipokines, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), found in the femoral bone marrow which is perforated using CI. If, however, TXA wasn't used, the lowest blood loss was obtained in patients submitted to TKA with PSI.
The dilemmas of ‘saving’ a dying language
Authors: Negro Silvia Dal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWalser German is a prototypical example of ‘extreme’ minority language, the survival of which appears at present extremely critical, at least in the Italian context. From a sociolinguistic point of view, Walser German is dispersed in a discontinuous territory and subject to language shift, language attrition and demographic shrinkage. Linguistically, it is part of a dialect continuum that stretches north of the Alps; yet, the dialects spoken in Italy have developed independently from each other and from their Swiss counterparts, with the result that they are now mutually unintelligible, and structurally too distant from Standard Modern German for this variety to be eligible as theirDachsprache. Given this background, the effects of a law protecting and promoting minority languages were foreseeable: Walser German is not a language under any sociolinguistic respect and could neither be protected or promoted by encouraging its use in administrative domains or developing a standard variety. However, what actually happened was not foreseeable either. Legal and funding support fostered documentation activities creating or enhancing local expertise in various domains; in addition, communities started to feel legitimised of a cultural and linguistic ‘otherness’ that could be exploited as a commodity, especially in the domain of tourism.
Organising terminology work in Sweden from the 1940s onwards
Authors: Pilke Nina , Nissilä Niina , Landqvist Hans 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present study deals with organised terminology work in Sweden from the 1940s to the late 2010s. Using archive material, we describe how practical terminology work was carried out in Sweden during the period 1941–2018/2019, when the Swedish Centre for Technical Terminology/the Swedish Centre for Terminology (TNC) was the central actor. Thereafter, we discuss models for building a new infrastructure for terminology work after the closure of the TNC in 2018/2019. This discussion is based on interviews and analyses of articles and current reports. The study shows that multifaceted contacts with experts, academia, industry and society have played an essential role for terminology work in Sweden since the 1930s. In the current situation (2019), the activities are being reorganised and responsibility for terminology work is distributed between several actors. A new main actor is the government agency known as the Institute of Language and Folklore (Isof). Finally, we discuss future visions for terminology work in Sweden.
Investigation into the magnetic properties of CoFeNiCr
y
Cu
x
alloys
Authors: Harris James , Leong Zhaoyuan , Gong Peng , Cornide Juan , Pughe Charlotte , Hansen Thomas , Quintana-Nedelcos Aris , Rowan-Robinson Richard , Dahlborg Ulf , Calvo-Dahlborg Monique , Goodall Russell , Rainforth Mark , Morley Nicola 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The search for cheap, corrosion-resistant, thermally-mechanically stable functional magnetic materials, including soft magnetic and magneto-caloric materials has led to research focused on high entropy alloys (HEAs). Previous research shows that alloying elements with negative enthalpies of mixing can facilitate a second-order phase transition. On the other side of the spectrum, compositional segregation cause by positive enthalpy of mixing alloying additions (such as Cu) may also be used to tune magnetic properties. This paper studies the structural, magnetic and magneto-caloric effect of the FCC alloys CoFeNiCr
y
Cu
x
(x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, y = 0.0, 0.8 and 1.0) to tune these properties with Cu and Cr alloying. Scanning electron microscopy of the compositions show nanoparticles forming within the grains as the Cu concentration increases. Cr addition to CoFeNiCu1.0 has a larger effect on the magnetic and magneto-caloric properties compared to the Cu addition to CoFeNiCr1.0. The addition of Cu (x = 0.5) to CoFeNiCr1.0 improved both the saturation magnetisation and Curie temperature; addition of Cr (y = 1.0) to CoFeNiCu1.0 decreased the Curie temperature by 900 K. All alloys were determined to have a second-order phase transition around their Curie temperature. The refrigerant capacity at 2 T was found to be similar to existing HEAs, although the Curie temperatures were lower than room temperature. Based on this data the CoFeNiCr0.8Cu composition was fabricated to increase the Curie temperature towards 300 K to explore these HEAs as new candidates for room temperature magneto-caloric applications. The fabricated composition showed Curie temperature, saturation magnetisation, and refrigerant capacity increasing with the small reduction in Cr content.
Nonheating ozone suppression in pulsed air discharges: role of pulse duration and repetition rate
Authors: Park Sanghoo , Kim Jinwoo , Lee Hyungyu , Han Duksun , Park Seungil , Kim Seong Bong , Choe Wonho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Facilitating the separate production of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NO
x
) in air discharges without a thermal process is of most merit in diversifying plasma technology; in particular, it is a primary requirement in certain cold, heat-sensitive plasma applications. Here, we propose a new method of nonheating ozone suppression in air discharges. The present work demonstrates that controlling the plasma chemical kinetics by adjusting the duration (width) and/or repetition frequency of the high-voltage DC pulse is effective in suppressing ozone formation in a surface dielectric barrier discharge in static ambient air. The temporal development of each oxygen- and nitrogen-related species in air discharge is complicated and shows different trends in the time range <10 µs; relatively long-lived O3 and NO
x
are strongly governed by the temporal behavior of short-lived reactive species, such as excited N2(A) and N2(v). To quantify time-varying O3 and NO
x
, an in situ UV absorption spectroscopy is applied to our gas-tight plasma reactor, which is operated in air at 21 °C. With a fixed frequency at 10 kHz and decreasing pulse duration from 10 μs to 0.18 μs, ozone is quenched faster in the plasma reactor, resulting in an irreversible chemical mode transition from an O3- to NO-rich environment. From a different set of experiment (with a 200 ns pulse duration and a frequency range of 1–10 kHz), we can conclude that the off-pulse period also plays a crucial role in the temporal evolution of O3 and NO
x
; the larger the applied driving frequency is, the earlier the ozone-free phenomenon appears over the discharge time. Our findings represent a breakthrough in expanding the usage of air discharges and their application in various fields of interest.
Recent trend of cold winters followed by hot summers in South Korea due to the combined effects of the warm western tropical Pacific and North Atlantic in spring
Authors: Myoung Boksoon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study finds a significant negative correlation between the December–February mean surface temperature (Ts_DJF) and the following June–August mean surface temperature (Ts_JJA) in South Korea for the period 1991–2017. This indicates that colder winters tend to precede hotter summers with extreme seasonality, while mild winters generally precede mild summers. This winter-to-summer association can be attributed to persistent atmospheric circulation anomalies on the Eurasian continent during the preceding winter and spring characterized by cyclonic circulations in Europe and East Asia and anti-cyclonic circulation in the Arctic regions. Resembling a negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) pattern combined with a negative Polar/Eurasia (PE) pattern, these atmospheric patterns tend to cause colder winters in South Korea and to increase the springtime sea surface temperatures in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) and in the North Atlantic (tripole pattern, NATRI). High WTP and NATRI values induce summertime anti-cyclonic circulations and then hotter summers in Korea with different pathways, the former via northward Rossby wave propagation in response to strong convection over a warm Philippine Sea and the latter via both extratropical Rossby wave propagation from the North Atlantic to East Asia and tropical connections from the tropical Atlantic to the Indian Ocean and then increased summer precipitation in South Asia. Under the opposite conditions (e.g. positive AO and PE phases in winter and negative WTP and NATRI), mild summers are preceded by mild winters. Since the early 1990s, the aforementioned atmospheric circulation anomalies during winter have shown greater persistence, creating the negative correlation between Ts_DJF and Ts_JJA. These findings provide useful information for the long-lead prediction of summer temperatures and heat waves in South Korea.
Lateral subsurface flow modulates forest mortality risk to future climate and elevated CO2
Authors: Tai Xiaonan , Venturas Martin D , Mackay D Scott , Brooks Paul D , Flanagan Lawrence B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Forest mortality has been widely observed across the globe during recent episodes of drought and extreme heat events. But the future of forest mortality remains poorly understood. While the direct effects of future climate and elevated CO2 on forest mortality risk have been studied, the role of lateral subsurface water flow has rarely been considered. Here we demonstrated the fingerprint of lateral flow on the forest mortality risk of a riparian ecosystem using a coupled plant hydraulics-hydrology model prescribed with multiple Earth System Model projections of future hydroclimate. We showed that the anticipated water-saving and drought ameliorating effects of elevated CO2 on mortality risk were largely compromised when lateral hydrological processes were considered. Further, we found lateral flow reduce ecosystem sensitivity to climate variations, by removing soil water excess during wet periods and providing additional water from groundwater storage during dry periods. These findings challenge the prevailing expectation of elevated CO2 to reduce mortality risk and highlight the need to assess the effects of lateral flow exchange more explicitly moving forward with forest mortality projections.