bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of different life stages of Sitophilus oryzae insects in stored rice grain to ozone treatment and its effect on physico‐chemical properties in rice grain
Authors: Srivastava Shubhangi , Mishra Gayatri , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOzone has emerged as a reactive gas with insecticidal activity with the capability to manage insect pests in stored grains. The study focused on the effect of moisture content with exposure time and ozone concentration in achieving mortality of different life stages of Sitophilus oryzae. The ozonation process was done with a moisture content (MC) of 12%–16%, ozone concentration of 1.0–2.0 g/m3 and exposure time of 2–6 h. The responses studied were percentage mortality of eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. The ozone effect on rice physico‐chemical, spectral FTNIR (Fourier transform near infrared spectrophotometer), and morphological attributes (X‐ray micro CT) of optimized samples were compared with control sample. The adult stage of S. oryzae was the least vulnerable stage to the ozonation process among eggs, larvae, and pupae, whose mortality ranged from 44.13% to 99.02%. The optimized condition with the desirability of 0.99, MC of 12.31%, ozone of 1.93 g/m3, and time of exposure 5.86 h for mortality of different life stages of S. oryzae was obtained. The standard error mean and SD were in the range of 2.81–1.91 and 3.67–3.21, respectively. Protein, amylose, and MC of ozone‐treated rice had lower values in comparison to fresh rice. Microstructural changes in ozonated samples were distinct with X‐ray micro CT images and FTNIR peaks. The loss in the micro structure was attributed to the insect infestation and degradation of protein molecules due to oxidation of the disulphide bonds during ozone treatment.
Separated and overlapping neural coding of face and body identity
Authors: Foster Celia , Zhao Mintao , Bolkart Timo , Black Michael J. , Bartels Andreas , Bülthoff Isabelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecognising a person's identity often relies on face and body information, and is tolerant to changes in low‐level visual input (e.g., viewpoint changes). Previous studies have suggested that face identity is disentangled from low‐level visual input in the anterior face‐responsive regions. It remains unclear which regions disentangle body identity from variations in viewpoint, and whether face and body identity are encoded separately or combined into a coherent person identity representation. We trained participants to recognise three identities, and then recorded their brain activity using fMRI while they viewed face and body images of these three identities from different viewpoints. Participants' task was to respond to either the stimulus identity or viewpoint. We found consistent decoding of body identity across viewpoint in the fusiform body area, right anterior temporal cortex, middle frontal gyrus and right insula. This finding demonstrates a similar function of fusiform and anterior temporal cortex for bodies as has previously been shown for faces, suggesting these regions may play a general role in extracting high‐level identity information. Moreover, we could decode identity across fMRI activity evoked by faces and bodies in the early visual cortex, right inferior occipital cortex, right parahippocampal cortex and right superior parietal cortex, revealing a distributed network that encodes person identity abstractly. Lastly, identity decoding was consistently better when participants attended to identity, indicating that attention to identity enhances its neural representation. These results offer new insights into how the brain develops an abstract neural coding of person identity, shared by faces and bodies.
Association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene rs671 G>A polymorphism and alcoholic liver cirrhosis in southern Chinese Hakka population
Authors: Zeng Dehui , Huang Qingyan , Yu Zhikang , Wu Heming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) endangering people's health. The association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms and ALC is not clear. To analyze the relationship between ALDH2 and ALC among Hakka population in southern China.MethodsA total of 292 ALC patients and 278 controls were included in the study. The ALDH2 gene rs671 polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐gene chip. Relevant information and medical records of these participants were collected.ResultsThe ALC patients had higher percentage of smoking, lower prevalence of hypertension, higher level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (Tbil), and direct bilirubin (Dbil), lower level of total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) than controls. The proportions of the G/A genotype (p = 0.017), G/A plus A/A genotype (p = 0.023) and A allele (p = 0.031) were significantly higher in ALC patients than that of controls. ALC patients with G/A genotype had higher TC, HDL‐C, and Apo‐A1 than those with G/G genotype, while with A allele had higher HDL‐C, and Apo‐A1 than those with G allele. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ALDH2 SNP rs671 G/A plus A/A genotypes (A allele carriers) (OR 2.030, 95% CI 1.109–3.715, p = 0.022) in the dominant model was the risk factor for ALC.ConclusionsALDH2 A allele (G/A + A/A genotypes) increased the risk of developing ALC among Hakka people in southern China. The results should enrich the relevant data and provide valuable information for the future related research.
Calibration of non‐catching precipitation measurement instruments: A review
Authors: Lanza L. G. , Merlone A. , Cauteruccio A. , Chinchella E. , Stagnaro M. , Dobre M. , Garcia Izquierdo M. C. , Nielsen J. , Kjeldsen H. , Roulet Y. A. , Coppa G. , Musacchio C. , Bordianu C. , Parrondo M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNon‐catching type gauges are the emerging class of in situ precipitation measurement instruments. For these instruments, rigorous testing and calibration are more challenging than for traditional gauges. Hydrometeors characteristics like particle size, shape, fall velocity and density must be reproduced in a controlled environment to provide the reference precipitation, instead of the equivalent water flow used for catching‐type gauges. They are generally calibrated by the manufacturers using internal procedures developed for the specific technology employed. No agreed methodology exists, and the adopted procedures are rarely traceable to internationally recognized standards. The EURAMET project 18NRM03 ‘INCIPIT’ on ‘Calibration and accuracy of non‐catching instruments to measure liquid/solid atmospheric precipitation’, funded by the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR), was initiated in 2019 to investigate calibration and accuracy issues of non‐catching measuring instruments used for liquid/solid atmospheric precipitation measurement. A survey of the existing models of non‐catching type instruments was initially performed and this paper provides an overview and a description of their working principles and the adopted calibration procedures. Both literature works and technical manuals disclosed by manufacturers are summarized and discussed, while current limitations and metrological requirements are identified.
Rapid 2D variable flip angle method for accurate and precise T1 measurements over a wide range of T1 values
Authors: Lena Beatrice , Bos Clemens , Ferrer Cyril J. , Moonen Chrit T. W. , Viergever Max A. , Bartels Lambertus W. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo perform dynamic T1 mapping using a 2D variable flip angle (VFA) method, a correction for the slice profile effect is needed. In this work we investigated the impact of flip angle selection and excitation RF pulse profile on the performance of slice profile correction when applied to T1 mapping over a range of T1 values.MethodsA correction of the slice profile effect is proposed, based on Bloch simulation of steady‐state signals. With this correction, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess the accuracy and precision of 2D VFA T1 mapping in the presence of noise, for RF pulses with time‐bandwidth products of 2, 3 and 10 and with flip angle pairs in the range [1°‐90°]. To evaluate its performance over a wide range of T1, maximum errors were calculated for six T1 values between 50 ms and 1250 ms. The method was demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo experiments.ResultsWithout corrections, 2D VFA severely underestimates T1. Slice profile errors were effectively reduced with the correction based on simulations, both in vitro and in vivo. The precision and accuracy of the method depend on the nominal T1 values, the FA pair, and the RF pulse shape. FA pairs leading to <5% errors in T1 can be identified for the common RF shapes, for T1 values between 50 ms and 1250 ms.Conclusions2D VFA T1 mapping with Bloch‐simulation‐based correction can deliver T1 estimates that are accurate and precise to within 5% over a wide T1 range.
New computational approaches for the power dominating set problem: Set covering and the neighborhoods of zero forcing forts
Authors: Smith Logan A. , Hicks Illya V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo monitor electrical activity throughout the power grid and mitigate outages, sensors known as phasor measurement units can installed. Due to implementation costs, it is desirable to minimize the number of sensors deployed while ensuring that the grid can be effectively monitored. This optimization problem motivates the graph theoretic power dominating set problem. In this paper, we propose a method for computing minimum power dominating sets via a set cover IP formulation and a novel constraint generation procedure. The set cover problem's constraints correspond to neighborhoods of zero forcing forts; we study their structural properties and show they can be separated with delayed row generation. In addition, we offer several computation enhancements which be be applied to our methodology as well as existing methods. The proposed and existing methods are evaluated in several computational experiments. In many of the larger test instances considered, the proposed method exhibits an order of magnitude runtime performance improvement.
On the Complexity of Computing Maximum and Minimum Min‐Cost‐Flows
Authors: Hoppmann‐Baum Kai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsider a flow network, i.e., a directed graph where each arc has a nonnegative capacity value and an associated length, together with nonempty supply intervals for the sources and nonempty demand intervals for the sinks. The Maximum Min‐Cost‐Flow Problem (MaxMCF) is to find fixed supply and demand values within these intervals such that the optimal objective value of the induced Min‐Cost‐Flow Problem (MCF) is maximized. In this paper, we show that MaxMCF as well as its uncapacitated variant, the Maximum Transportation Problem (MaxTP), are NP‐hard. Further, we prove that MaxMCF is APX‐hard if a connectedness‐condition regarding the sources and the sinks of the flow network is dropped. Finally, we show how the Minimum Min‐Cost‐Flow Problem (MinMCF) can be solved in polynomial time.
A generic strategy to obtain semi‐analytical mesh sensitivities/velocities for tetrahedral mesh generators
Authors: Bam Campbell , Wilke Daniel N. , Kok Schalk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a generic approach to obtain semi‐analytical mesh sensitivities and shows how to compute mesh updates for any tetrahedral mesher. The proposed strategy allows sensitivities to be computed for a given mesh or first improve an initial mesh and then compute sensitivities. The strategy is based on a modification of Persson and Strang's mesher, Distmesh, analogizing the mesh to a simple truss structure. The boundary of the mesh is maintained using Lagrangian multipoint constraints. An analytical relationship between the mesh and the boundary permits the nodes to move freely along the boundary. This links the mesh directly to the parameterized geometry. We demonstrate the approach's ability to produce accurate, smooth and continuous mesh sensitivities and update the mesh. We use the resulting sensitivities to predict mesh updates corresponding to geometry updates. Four examples are given that show the method can accurately describe linear and nonlinear convex and concave domains. An example is given that also demonstrates the ability to generate accurate mesh sensitivities for a mesh created using the third party mesher GMSH.
Associations between diet quality and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Iranian households: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ebrahimi Sara , Leech Rebecca M. , McNaughton Sarah A. , Abdollahi Morteza , Houshiarrad Anahita , Livingstone Katherine M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveResearch examining associations between diet quality and obesity in Iranian adults is limited by small and non‐representative samples. This study examined associations between two diet quality indices and obesity risk in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adults and interactions by sex and area of residence.MethodsData on 18,307 adults (mean age 37 [SD 15.2] years) were used from the Iranian National Survey 2001–2003. Two diet quality indices (Healthy Eating Index 2015, HEI‐2015, and Diet Quality Index International, DQI‐I) were calculated from household 24‐h dietary recalls. Multi‐level regression analyses were used to examine the association between household diet quality and individual‐level obesity risk, with interaction terms for sex and area of residence.ResultsHigher household HEI‐2015 and DQI‐I were associated with higher risk of obesity (HEI‐2015: relative risk ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05; DQI‐I: relative risk ratio: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), with stronger effect sizes in adults living in rural areas.ConclusionsHigher diet quality (HEI‐2015 and DQI‐I) was associated with higher obesity risk, which was stronger in adults living in rural areas. Due to the complexity of examining these associations in a Middle Eastern country undergoing a nutrition transition, longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings.
Bio‐based Eucommia ulmoides gum/low density polyethylene shape memory composites reinforced by zinc methacrylate
Authors: Wang Yan , Pei Xianqiang , Xia Lin , Zhang Zhancheng , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present an efficient and green extraction process for Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) to solve the tricky problems in separation and precipitation, providing a new idea for the industrialization of EUG extraction. Subsequently, the obtained EUG was blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) and zinc methacrylate (ZDMA) to fabricate novel shape memory composites with both covalent and ionic crosslinking networks. It was found that the improvement in mechanical performance and enhancement in shape recovery ability of the EUG/LDPE/ZDMA composites was attributable to the Zn2+‐based ionic crosslinks. The EUG/LDPE/ZDMA shape memory composites could be candidates in the production of medical fixing materials, hot‐shrinkable tubes and packaging products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Olfactory Bulb Core Generate Mature Neurons in Vivo
Authors: Defteralı Çağla , Moreno-Estellés Mireia , Crespo Carlos , Díaz-Guerra Eva , Díaz-Moreno María , Vergaño-Vera Eva , Nieto-Estévez Vanesa , Hurtado-Chong Anahí , Consiglio Antonella , Mira Helena , Vicario Carlos 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although previous studies suggest that neural stem cells (NSCs) exist in the adult olfactory bulb (OB), their location, identity, and capacity to generate mature neurons in vivo has been little explored. Here, we injected enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing retroviral particles into the OB core of adult mice to label dividing cells and to track the differentiation/maturation of any neurons they might generate. EGFP-labeled cells initially expressed adult NSC markers on days 1 to 3 postinjection (dpi), including Nestin, GLAST, Sox2, Prominin-1, and GFAP. EGFP+-doublecortin (DCX) cells with a migratory morphology were also detected and their abundance increased over a 7-day period. Furthermore, EGFP-labeled cells progressively became NeuN+ neurons, they acquired neuronal morphologies, and they became immunoreactive for OB neuron subtype markers, the most abundant representing calretinin expressing interneurons. OB-NSCs also generated glial cells, suggesting they could be multipotent in vivo. Significantly, the newly generated neurons established and received synaptic contacts, and they expressed presynaptic proteins and the transcription factor pCREB. By contrast, when the retroviral particles were injected into the subventricular zone (SVZ), nearly all (98%) EGFP+-cells were postmitotic when they reached the OB core, implying that the vast majority of proliferating cells present in the OB are not derived from the SVZ. Furthermore, we detected slowly dividing label-retaining cells in this region that could correspond to the population of resident NSCs. This is the first time NSCs located in the adult OB core have been shown to generate neurons that incorporate into OB circuits in vivo.
Who funds Alzheimer's disease drug development?
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Bauzon Justin , Lee Garam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases in the United States, no new treatments have been approved in the United States since 2003. The costs associated with drug development programs are high and serve as a significant deterrent to AD therapeutic investigations. In this study, we analyze the sponsorship data for AD clinical trials conducted since 2016 to assess the fiscal support for AD clinical trials.MethodsWe analyzed the funding sources of all AD trials over the past 5 years as reported on ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsThere were 136 trials being conducted for treatments in the US AD therapeutic pipeline on the index date of this study. Among non‐prevention trials, disease‐modifying therapies (DMT) in Phase 3 were almost entirely sponsored by the biopharmaceutical industry; Phase 2 DMT trials were split between the biopharmaceutical industry and funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to academic medical centers (AMCs). The majority of prevention trials received sponsorship from public–private partnerships (PPP). Trials of symptomatic agents are equally likely to have biopharmaceutical or NIH/AMC sponsorship. Most trials with repurposed agents had NIH/AMC funding (89%). Since 2016, there has been consistent growth in the number of trials sponsored both in part and fully by NIH/AMC sources and in PPP, and there has been a reduction in biopharmaceutical company–sponsored trials.DiscussionThe number of trials supported by the biopharmaceutical industry has decreased over the past 5 years; trials supported from federal sources and PPP have increased. Repurposed compounds are mostly in Phase 2 trials and provide critical mechanistic information.
The Kerr-Schild double copy in Lifshitz spacetime
Authors: Alkaç Gökhan , Gümüş Mehmet Kemal , Tek Mustafa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Kerr-Schild double copy is a map between exact solutions of general relativity and Maxwell’s theory, where the nonlinear nature of general relativity is circumvented by considering solutions in the Kerr-Schild form. In this paper, we give a general formulation, where no simplifying assumption about the background metric is made, and show that the gauge theory source is affected by a curvature term that characterizes the deviation of the background spacetime from a constant curvature spacetime. We demonstrate this effect explicitly by studying gravitational solutions with non-zero cosmological constant. We show that, when the background is flat, the constant charge density filling all space in the gauge theory that has been observed in previous works is a consequence of this curvature term. As an example of a solution with a curved background, we study the Lifshitz black hole with two different matter couplings. The curvature of the background, i.e., the Lifshitz spacetime, again yields a constant charge density; however, unlike the previous examples, it is canceled by the contribution from the matter fields. For one of the matter couplings, there remains no additional non-localized source term, providing an example for a non-vacuum gravity solution corresponding to a vacuum gauge theory solution in arbitrary dimensions.
Gravitational wave signatures from domain wall and strong first-order phase transitions in a two complex scalar extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Paul Avik , Mukhopadhyay Upala , Majumdar Debasish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider a simple extension of Standard Model by adding two complex singlet scalars with a U(1) symmetry. A discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry is imposed in the model and the added scalars acquire a non zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) when the imposed symmetry is broken spontaneously. The real (CP even) parts of the complex scalars mix with the SM Higgs and give three physical mass eigenstates. One of these physical mass eigenstates is attributed to the SM like Higgs boson with mass 125.09 GeV. In the present scenario, domain walls are formed in the early Universe due to the breaking of discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry. In order to ensure the unstability of the domain wall this discrete symmetry is also explicitly broken by adding a bias potential to the Lagrangian. The unstable annihilating domain walls produce a significant amount of gravitational waves (GWs). In addition, we also explore the possibility of the production of GW emission from the strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the intensities and frequencies of each of such gravitational waves originating from two different phenomena of the early Universe namely annihilating domain walls and strong first-order phase transition. Finally, we investigate the observational signatures from these GWs at the future GW detectors such as ALIA, BBO, DECIGO, LISA, TianQin, Taiji, aLIGO, aLIGO+ and pulsar timing arrays such as SKA, IPTA, EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav11 and NANOGrav12.5.
Operator product expansion of the non-local gluon condensate
Authors: Braun V. M. , Chetyrkin K. G. , Kniehl B. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We consider the short-distance expansion of the product of two gluon field strength tensors connected by a straight-line-ordered Wilson line. The vacuum expectation value of this nonlocal operator is a common object in studies of the QCD vacuum structure, whereas its nucleon expectation value is known as the gluon quasi-parton distribution and is receiving a lot of attention as a tool to extract gluon distribution functions from lattice calculations. Extending our previous study [1], we calculate the three-loop coefficient functions of the scalar operators in the operator product expansion up to dimension four. As a by-product, the three-loop anomalous dimension of the nonlocal two-gluon operator is obtained as well.