bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma: a Case Report, Review of Literature, and Proposal of Diagnostic and Management Algorithm
Authors: Kurotaki Takuma , Okada Naoya , Sakurai Yasuo , Yamabuki Takumi , Takada Minoru , Kato Kentaro , Yokoyama Takeshi , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Kinoshita Yoshihiro , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kashimura Nobuichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) is defined as bleeding in the retroperitoneal space without any triggers such as trauma, invasive procedures, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Case presentation: A 48-year-old man who experienced sudden abdominal pain, severe hypotension, and decreased hemoglobin (Hb) was diagnosed with SRH. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed massive left retroperitoneal hematoma; however, neither extravasation nor causative aneurysm was noted. Through conservative management with close monitoring, he was treated and discharged on the 10th hospital day without any morbidity. Conclusions: SRH treatment comprises conservative management, transcatheter arterial embolization, and surgical intervention. The mortality rate of SRH is so high that the optimal treatment timing needs to be carefully judged based on detailed evaluation and management algorithm with clear criteria.
Optimization of Methods for the Accurate Characterization of Whole Blood Neutrophils
Authors: Connelly Ashley N. , Huijbregts Richard P.H. , Pal Harish C. , Kuznetsova Valeriya , Davis Marcus D. , Ong Krystle L. , Fay Christian X. , Greene Morgan E. , Overton Edgar T. , Hel Zdenek 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte population with critical roles in immune defense, regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems, and disease pathogenesis. Our progress in understanding precise mechanisms of neutrophil activation, recruitment, and function has been hampered by the lack of optimized and standardized methods for the characterization and phenotyping of this readily activated population. By comparing eight methods of neutrophil characterization, we demonstrate that the level of neutrophil activation and degranulation is associated with specific experimental conditions and the number and type of manipulation steps employed. Staining whole blood at 4ºC and removal of remaining unbound antibodies prior to one-step fixation and red blood cell lysis minimizes neutrophil activation, decreases phenotypic alterations during processing, and prevents nonspecific antibody binding. The effects of anticoagulants used for collection, processing delays, and time and temperature during sample analysis on neutrophil phenotype are addressed. The presented data provide a foundation for higher quality standards of neutrophil characterization improving consistency and reproducibility among studies.
Analysis of Screening Results of 1012 Sperm Donors in China: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Geographic Differences in Semen Quality
Authors: Zhao Qian-Cheng , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Lian-Ming , Deng Zhen-Feng , Gao Jiang-Man , Zhang Hong-Liang , Lin Hao-Cheng , Liu De-Feng , Mao Jia-Ming , Zhang Hai-Tao , Chen Yu-Long , Tang Wen-Hao , Jiang Hui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Male reproductive health has become a concern in public health, and semen quality is essential to male reproduction. To investigate the geographical differences in semen quality of sperm donors from the north and south of China, a total of 1012 sperm donors from all over China were enrolled in this work, which were divided by their residential latitude. There were statistically significant differences in sperm concentration among men from different latitudes in China(P=0.04). The sperm concentrations of people from 18°-27° north latitude were lower than those from 36°-45°, and 45°-54° (median 131, 134, 146, respectively, P=0.021[18°-27° vs. 36°-45°] and P=0.01[18°-27° vs. 45°-54°]). It was further confirmed when the samples were re-divided into 2 groups (typically north and south) that contains 667 samples. The analysis also showed a significant difference in terms of the regions to which the samples belonged (the median of the north is 134; the median of the south is 125; P =0.015). Although other sperm parameters don’t show significant change with latitude, some of them possess a strong relationship with sperm concentration (r=-0.19364, P<0.001). Specifically, we suppose that environmental pollution and mental stress due to increased population may be the main factors in the difference.
Successful Treatment with Proton Beam Therapy Alone for Postoperative Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Liver and Lymph Node Metastases After Failure of First-Line Chemotherapy
Authors: Ishikawa Yojiro , Suzuki Motohisa , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Seto Ichiro , Machida Masanori , Takagawa Yoshiaki , Jingu Keiichi , Kikuchi Yasuyuki , Murakami Masao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are used in first-line chemotherapy for recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radical esophagectomy; however, patients have a poor prognosis after failure of first-line treatment. We herein report the achievement of long-term survival after proton therapy in an ESCC patient in whom the first-line chemotherapy failed. Case presentation: A 60-year-old man was diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of the lower thoracic esophagus (cT2N0M0, Stage IIA). He underwent two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU, and esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was performed. Microscopic findings after resection showed two lymph node metastases (ypT2N1M0, Stage IIB). Five months after surgery, a computed tomography scan revealed a solitary liver metastasis in the S4 area. He underwent three courses of chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU. Although surgeons decided to perform resection for the liver metastasis, preoperative positron emission tomography (PET) revealed two lymph node metastases. Surgeons recommended second-line chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, bud the patient refused second-line chemotherapy and requested proton beam therapy (PBT). We performed PBT without chemotherapy for the liver metastasis and lymph node metastases with total dose of 79.2 and 60Gy relative biological effectiveness, respectively, according to the tumor location. The PBT resulted in a complete response as shown by PET. An acute side effect of grade 1 dermatitis occurred after PBT, but there was no acute or late complication of more than grade 2. The patient remains in complete remission 5 years after treatment without surgery or chemotherapy. Conclusions: PBT exerted a curative effect on postoperative recurrence of ESCC. This is the first report about PBT for postoperative ESCC with liver and lymph node metastases after failure of first-line chemotherapy for metastases in distant organs.
Cytl1 is a Key Target for Chemoradiotherapy Resistance in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Based on Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: meilian Dong , Liu Fengsen , Gu Xiaobin , Mi Yin , Shi Yonggang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), FIGO stage equal or more than IB1 is treated with chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy. However, treatment failure and distant metastasis still remain a major problem. Bioinformatics analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the intrinsic resistance to treatment in LACC. We selected cytokine-like protein 1 (Cytl1), a novel cytokine, for validation by immunochemistry assays (IHC).

Materials and methods

The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to identify significant prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms was performed to validate the genetic risk score model. A total of 113 tissues were evaluated by IHC. Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were applied for survival analysis.

Results

One thousand and twenty-one genes, consisting of 663 upregulated and 358 downregulated genes, were screened out in the GSE56363 cohort. KEGG and GO pathway enrichment methods was used to analyze the abundant DEGs to find the common characteristics. A genetic risk score model which formed by fifteen genes was established from GSE56363 and validated in the TCGA discovery set. We performed the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms to find the difference of immune related signature between the high- and low-risk group to quantify the prognostic value of the fifteen-gene risk model. Among the 22 immune cell types, CD8 T cells, resting CD4 T cells, resting mast cells, activated mast cells, monocytes, neutrophil granulocyte were significantly different between high- and low-risk group. Immune-checkpoints (LAG3 and PDCD1) were highly expressed, and associated with poor prognosis in LACC. IHC demonstrated that cytl1 overexpression was positively associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.01). Cytl1 expression was closely correlated with CD8+T cell low-expression in LACC (r = 0.889, P = 0.066).

Conclusion

This study identified a novel fifteen-gene signature biomarker for predicting the treatment effect of LACC. Moreover, the current results demonstrated that cytl1was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in LACC. Cytl1 may be a potential prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target for LACC.
Mitochondrial Fission-Induced mtDNA Stress Promotes ESCC Progression by cGAS-STING Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Li Yujia , Chen Hui , Yang Qi , Wan Lixin , Zhao Jing , Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Jiaxin , Yang Yating , Niu Menglan , Liu Hongliang , Liu Junqi , Yang Hushan , Wang Yanming , Wan Shaogui , Bao Dengke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis is important for cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, and immune responses. The critical GTPase for mitochondrial fission, Drp1 is frequently upregulated in many cancers and is closely implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the underling mechanism by Drp1 influence tumor progression is largely unknown, especially in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Methods

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine Drp1 and LC3B expression in tissues of ESCC patients. Autophagic vesicles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescent LC3B puncta and mitochondrial nucleoid were observed by microscope and confocal microscopy. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and ATP measurement. Xenograft nude mice model was performed in BALB/c nude mice to confirm the role of Drp1 on ESCC progression.
Results

We found that Drp1 high expression is correlated with poor overall survival of ESCC patients. Drp1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and xenograft ESCC tumor growth by triggering autophagy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Drp1 overexpression disturbs mitochondrial function and subsequent induces mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released into the cytosol, which is recognized as cytosolic mtDNA stress. Mechanistically, cytosolic mtDNA stress activates the cGAS-STING pathway and facilitates autophagy, which promotes ESCC cancer growth. Moreover, mtDNA digestion with DNase I and autophagy inhibition with chloroquine attenuates the cGAS-STING pathway activation and ESCC cancer growth.
Conclusions

Our finding reveals that Drp1 overexpression induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic mitochondrial DNA stress, which subsequently activates the cGAS-STING pathway, triggers autophagy and promotes ESCC progression.
A Comparative Study of Intralobar Sequestration and Extralobar Pulmonary Sequestration
Authors: Duqing Xiao , Gefei Wang , Yalun Liang , Gang Yu , Zhaohong Wu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to identify the difference between patients who have been diagnosed with either intralobar sequestration (ILS) or extralobar sequestration (ELS).Methods: In this clinical study, 29 children with pulmonary sequestration (PS), diagnosed via physical examination and imaging at our hospital between January 2019 and January 2020, were enrolled. We compared whether statistical differences existed in the blood loss, operative time, and post-operative hospital stay between the two groups (ILS and ELS) after thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection.Results: There were no significant differences in gender, operative age, preoperative weight, and isolated lung position between the ILS and ELS groups (p > 0.05). There was significantly more intra-operative bleeding in children with ILS than those with ELS (p < 0.05), and the operation time and postoperative hospitalization times were significantly longer for those with ILS(p < 0.05). Upon microscopic evaluation after surgery, we found the appearance of ILS and ELS to be similar.Conclusion: Different types of congenital PS have different influences onnewborns during and after operation. For children with ILS, surgery is more difficult and the postoperative recovery is slower than for children with ELS. For this reason, we suggest that more attention should be paid to the clinical treatment of children with ILS. Although ILS and ELS present with different manifestations, we found no evidence of a significant difference in the postoperative microscopy of the two conditions.
Congenital Malformation of The Great Toe in Children. Did You Exclude Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva – FOP.
Authors: Madsen Maria Kirstine Møller - , Antičević Darko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultra-rare and severely disabling genetic disorder. The worldwide prevalence is approximately 1 per 2 million. Heterozygous mutations in ACVR1/ALK2 gene exist in all sporadic and familial cases of FOP. The primary aim of this study is to describe the clinical course of three children suffering from FOP and followed for fifteen, twenty-two and forty years, respectively Secondary aim is to provide clinical advice on how to diagnose the condition with special reference to the great toes malformation and give current best therapeutic approaches.Results: All three cases characterized with malformed great toes initially followed by progressive loss of mobility for a period from fifteen to forty years. Conventional radiology indicates the diagnosis and RNA/DNA test confirm it.Conclusion: Congenital malformation of the great toes in early childhood may be the first clinical sign of FOP. A devastating disease due to its progressive formation of heterotopic ossifications in soft tissue even after minor injuries. Leading to progressive immobility, skeletal deformities, chronic pain, growth defects and disabling joint stiffness. No curative treatment exists today. Management is symptomatic combined with a prophylactic lifestyle avoiding blunt and pointed trauma including surgery.
Impact of sex differences on lifestyle and glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes during COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Shikuma Junpei , Nagai Yoshiyuki , Sakurai Mamoru , Udagawa Kana , Ito Rokuro , Miwa Takashi , Suzuki Ryo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Pneumonia of unknown pathogenesis detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 was later found to be a new coronavirus infection that causes the now-named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The onset of the pandemic has drastically changed global lifestyles. Some reports about lifestyle changes in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic have been published. However, these studies have not assessed sex differences. Thus, we analyzed three lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any sex differences.
Methods

We analyzed physical activity, snacking habits, and drinking habits in 323 patients with diabetes. Sex differences in the changes in these three lifestyle habits were analyzed using the 𝜒2 test, and the factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were analyzed by paired t-test. The factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results

Of the 323 diabetic, 212 were male (65.6%) and 111 were female (34.4%). HbA1c values were higher in 2020 compared with those in 2019. Increased physical activity was higher in men, whereas decreased physical activity was higher in women. The factors that affected the deterioration in HbA1c were snacking habits for the overall population and in the male sex. No factors significantly affected HbA1c in the female population.
Conclusions

Our study confirmed that lifestyle changes differed between the sexs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Snacks influenced the deterioration of HbA1c in the overall study population and in the male population. A balanced diet and regular exercise are important for all patients with diabetes during this pandemic. This study demonstrates that more attention should be given on men’s diet, whereas physical inactivity should be emphasized for women.
Effects of Platelet-rich Fibrin on Osteogenic Differentiation of Schneiderian Membrane Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Formation in Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Zhou Yanmin , Wang Jia , Sun Yue , Liu Yiping , Yu Jize , Sun Xiaolin , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe existence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Schneiderian membrane has not been determined. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there are MSCs in Schneiderian membrane, and the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on osteogenic differentiation of these cells and on new bone formation in maxillary sinus after maxillary sinus floor elevation.MethodsSchneiderian membrane derived mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) were isolate from rabbit maxillary sinus. Cells were identified by flow cytometry and multipotential differentiation. Real-time cell analysis assay, fluorescence staining, transwell assay, and wound healing assay were used to determine the effects of PRF stimulation on cell proliferation and migration. The osteogenic differentiation ability of cells stimulated by PRF or osteoinductive medium (OM) was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, PCR and Western blot. Equivalent volume Bio-oss and the mixture of Bio-oss and PRF were used as bone graft materials for maxillary sinus floor elevation. Micro-CT, bone double-staining, HE staining, Masson staining, and toluidine blue staining were used to evaluate the osteogenic effect in 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe cell surface markers were positive for expression of CD90, CD105, and negative for expression of CD34, CD45. SM-MSCs had the ability of osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PRF can stimulate proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of SM-MSCs, which is achieved by up-regulating ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. PRF can accelerate the formation of new bone in maxillary sinus and increase the amount of new bone formation. ConclusionsMSCs exist in Schneiderian membrane, and PRF stimulation can promote cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. The application of PRF in maxillary sinus floor elevation can accelerate bone healing and increase the quantity and quality of new bone.
A Comparison of Residual Shunts After Two Different Surgical Methods for Isolated Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Xi Linyun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo examine residual defects(RS) and examined the rate of spontaneous RS closure over time to identify factors associated with the occurrence and spontaneous closure of these defects after two different operation methods.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we enrolled only patients with perimembranous VSDs (pmVSDs) and reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent repair for pmVSDs between January 2016 and January 2019. All patients underwent surgery with either cardiopulmonary bypass (the CPB group) or minimally invasive closure of transthoracic VSDs under the guidance of TEE (the MIC group). There were 189 patients who underwent CPB surgery and 211 patients who underwent MIC surgery. Ultimately, there were 37 patients with RSs in the CPB group (surgical repair via CPB) and 39 patients with RSs in the MIC group (minimally invasive closure of transthoracic VSDs). Postoperatively, all surgical patients were required to return for outpatient follow-up visits, and echocardiography was required to evaluate the RS. Assessments included shunt velocity and RS size.ResultsIn the CPB group, 16 patients had a small RS, and 21 patients had a moderate RS. The comparison between the variables such as weight, preoperative VSD size, and RS size revealed no significant differences except RS size (P=0.000). To compare the spontaneous closure rates of the two sizes of RSs(the moderate group and small size group), Kaplan-Meier plots were used. These plots show that the small size was more likely to undergo spontaneous closure (P=0.034), but the final spontaneous closure rate was not significantly different (P=1.000).In the MIC group, there were 29 patients in the small group and 10 patients in the moderate group, and the variables such as weight, preoperative VSD size, and preoperative VSD size showed no significant differences except RS size and the rate of no spontaneous closure (P=0.000 vs. 0.045). The Kaplan-Meier plots (Figure 2) showed that the small size was RSs were more likely to undergo spontaneous closure (P=0.004), while the final spontaneous closure rate was significantly different between groups (P=0.045).At 2 years post-operation, 7 patients still had RSs, and the overall spontaneous closure rate was 90.8%. The size of the RS on discharge was the only variable identified, on Cox regression, to be predictive of the likelihood of spontaneous closure. The univariate analysis, however, showed that shunt velocity had no association with spontaneous closure. Factors including age, weight, sex, surgical technique, and VSD size had no association with spontaneous closure.ConclusionThe RS incidence and spontaneous closure rates were not significantly different two different operation methods. Small RSs were more likely to undergo spontaneous closure in both groups.
The Results of Clinician-Focused Implementation Strategies on Uptake and Outcome of Measurement-Based Care in General Mental Health Care
Authors: Sonsbeek Maartje van , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. , Veerman Jan W. , Vermulst Ad , Tiemens Bea G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Measurement-Based Care (MBC) is a promising way to improve outcomes in clinical practice, but the implementation of MBC is often problematic and the uptake by clinicians is low.METHODS: We used an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design based on Grol and Wensing’s implementation framework to examine the results of clinician-focused implementation strategies on both clinicians’ uptake of MBC and outcomes of MBC for clients in general mental health care. Primary outcomes were questionnaire completion rate and discussion of feedback. Secondary outcomes were treatment outcome, treatment length, and satisfaction with treatment. RESULTS: There was a significant medium effect of the MBC implementation strategies on questionnaire completion rate (one part of the clinicians’ uptake), but no significant effect on the amount of discussion of the feedback (the other part of the clinicians’ uptake). Neither was there a significant effect on clients’ outcomes (treatment outcome, treatment length, satisfaction with treatment).CONCLUSIONS: Establishing and sustaining MBC in real world general mental health care is very complex. Our study helps to disentangle the effects of MBC implementation strategies on differential clinician uptake, but the effects of MBC implementation strategies on client outcomes need further examination.