bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emphasizing roles of BDNF promoters and inducers in Alzheimer's disease for improving impaired cognition and memory
Authors: Banerjee Madhuparna , Shenoy Rekha R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial neurotrophic factor adding to neurons’ development and endurance. The amount of BDNF present in the brain determines susceptibility to various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), often it is seen that low levels of BDNF are present, which primarily contributes to cognition deficit by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity. Molecular mechanisms underlying the synthesis, storage and release of BDNF are widely studied. New molecules are found, which contribute to the signal transduction pathway. Two important receptors of BDNF are TrkB and p75NTR. When BDNF binds to the TrkB receptor, it activates three main signalling pathways-phospholipase C, MAPK/ERK, PI3/AKT. BDNF holds an imperative part in LTP and dendritic development, which are essential for memory formation. BDNF supports synaptic integrity by influencing LTP and LTD. This action is conducted by modulating the glutamate receptors; AMPA and NMDA. This review paper discusses the aforesaid points along with inducers of BDNF. Drugs and herbals promote neuroprotection by increasing the hippocampus’ BDNF level in various disease-induced animal models for neurodegeneration. Advancement in finding pertinent molecules contributing to the BDNF signalling pathway has been discussed, along with the areas that require further research and study.
Fabrication of lithium niobate fork grating by laser-writing-induced selective chemical etching
Authors: Wang Tianxin , Xu Xiaoyi , Yang Lei , Yan Shuo , Hu Xueli , Hu Xiaopeng , Lu Xiaomei , Xiao Min , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a laser-writing-induced selective chemical etching (LWISCE) technique for effective micro-fabrication of lithium niobate (LN) crystal. Laser writing of LN crystal produces negative domains and domain walls. Also, it causes local lattice defects, in which the etching rates are significantly increased in comparison to the original LN crystal. In experiment, we use the LWISCE technique to fabricate various fork gratings in an X-cut LN crystal for the generation of vortex beams. In comparison to etching an untreated X-cut LN crystal, the etching rates of the laser-writing-induced boundaries and the central laser-irradiated areas are enhanced by a factor of 26 and 16, respectively. The width and depth of fork grating structure can be precisely controlled by laser writing parameters. Our method provides an efficient mask-free micro-fabrication technique for LN crystal, which can be readily applied to other ferroelectric crystals such as lithium tantalate, potassium titanyl phosphate and barium calcium titanate.
Spin to orbital angular momentum transfer in frequency up-conversion
Authors: Pinheiro da Silva Braian , Buono Wagner T. , Pereira Leonardo J. , Tasca Daniel S. , Dechoum Kaled , Khoury Antonio Z. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the spin to orbital angular momentum transfer in frequency upconversion with structured light beams. A vector vortex is coupled to a circularly polarized Gaussian beam in noncollinear second harmonic generation under type-II phase match. The second harmonic beam inherits the Hermite–Gaussian components of the vector vortex; however, the relative phase between them is determined by the polarization state of the Gaussian beam. This effect creates an interesting crosstalk between spin and orbital degrees of freedom, allowing the angular momentum transfer between them. Our experimental results match the theoretical predictions for the nonlinear optical response.
Research on the physical properties of calcium sulfate whisker and the effects of its addition on paper and its printing performance
Authors: Liu Jing , Jin Xin , Liu Haitang , An Yongzhen , Li Jie , Li Xuexiu , Chen Lin , Gao Yujie , Lu Zhenhua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, softwood pulp and bleached wheat straw pulp were used as raw materials, and Calcium Sulfate Whiskers (CSW) were used as fillers. Based on the structural properties and characteristics of CSW, the printing properties of the paper with CSW, such as whiteness, opacity, pH value, uniformity, Z-direction tensile strength and surface strength, were analyzed. The results showed that CSW has low solubility, high retention and fiber-like appearance. The whiteness of the paper is the best when the filling amount of CSW is 20 %. The paper opacity of softwood pulp increases significantly, and the opacity of bleached wheat straw pulp decreases significantly when CSW is more than 30 %. The addition reduces pH and surface strength of the paper. The evenness of the paper does not change obviously. The Z-direction tensile strength of the paper decreases in the softwood paper, but increases obviously in the bleached wheat straw paper.
Raising awareness about gender and language among teacher-training students: A cross-cultural approach
Authors: Deutschmann Mats , Steinvall Anders , Lindvall-Östling Mattias 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In accordance with the Education 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals, the aim of this study is to contribute to gender-sensitive teacher training and learning environments using matched guise-inspired methods. The article offers an account of activities aimed at raising awareness of issues related to linguistic gender stereotyping among teacher trainees in Sweden and the Seychelles. The cross-cultural comparative approach also provided an opportunity to raise students’ awareness of how gender stereotyping is culture-related, and therefore may differ depending on cultural context. Results show that there seems to be significant differences in how Swedish and Seychellois teacher trainees stereotype men and women. While both groups seem to associate typically feminine linguistic behaviour with features accommodated under Cuddy et al.’s (2008, “Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: The stereotype content model and the BIAS map.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 40, 61–149) “warmth dimension” (signalling interest, for example), behaviours typically associated with agentic behaviour and the competence dimension, such as taking space in a conversation and forcefully arguing one’s case, seem to be regarded as relatively masculine in Sweden, but not in the Seychelles, arguably a result of a generally negative construction of masculinity in the Seychelles. Based on the responses from a post-survey, it is evident that a majority of those who participated in the exercise gained new insights into the mechanisms of gender stereotyping, knowledge that they also could relate to themselves and their own behaviour.
Investigation on the relationship between CT numbers and marble failure under different confining pressures
Authors: Yan-Shuang Yang , Kai-Yue Li , Hui Zhou , Hao-Yuan Tian , Wei Cheng , Zhan-Rong Zhang , Musonda Kaunda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scanning technology is helpful in investigating rock materials as it can demonstrate the micro structure of rock clearly. Conventional triaxial compression tests and the corresponding graded triaxial loading tests were carried out to investigate the complex failure mechanism of the marble at the Jinping Hydropower Station. After that CT-scanning tests were done on the loaded marble specimens. The test results show that (1) the CT numbers of the specimens have a certain statistical regularity, that is, the CT numbers of the specimens under different confining pressures satisfy the Weibull distribution, as the confining pressure increases, the mean values rise while variances decrease; (2) in the two groups of tests, the average CT numbers corresponding to the conventional triaxial tests are higher than those corresponding to the graded loading tests, but the CT number variances are lower than those of the graded loading tests; and (3) according to meso-damage mechanics, the damage variables of the rock specimens were established based on the definition of CT numbers. The calculation results show that the damage variables decrease with the increase in confining pressure, the damage variables of the rock specimens in the graded loading tests are higher than those in the conventional triaxial test, and the differences between the two loading tests have grown with the increase in confining pressure.
Dietary Macronutrient Imbalances Lead to Compensatory Changes in Peripheral Taste via Independent Signaling Pathways
Authors: Ganguly Anindya , Dey Manali , Scott Christi , Duong Vi-Khoi , Arun Dahanukar Anupama 
Published: November 2021

Food choice, in animals, has been known to change with internal nutritional state and also with variable dietary conditions. To better characterize mechanisms of diet-induced plasticity of food preference inDrosophila melanogaster, we synthesized diets with macronutrient imbalances and examined how food choice and taste sensitivity were modified in flies that fed on these diets. We found that dietary macronutrient imbalances caused compensatory behavioral shifts in both sexes to increase preference for the macronutrient that was scant in the food source, and simultaneously reduce preference for the macronutrient that was enriched. Further analysis with females revealed analogous changes in sweet taste responses in labellar neurons, with increased sensitivity on sugar-reduced diet and decreased sensitivity on sugar-enriched diet. Interestingly, we found differences in the onset of changes in taste sensitivity and behavior, which occur over 1–4 d, in response to dietary sugar reduction or enrichment. To investigate molecular mechanisms responsible for diet-induced taste modulation, we used candidate gene and transcriptome analyses. Our results indicate that signaling viaDop2Ris involved in increasing cellular and behavioral sensitivity to sugar as well as in decreasing behavioral sensitivity to amino acids on dietary sugar reduction. On the other hand, cellular and behavioral sensitivity to sugar relies ondilp5and a decrease in sugar preference following dietary sugar abundance was correlated with downregulation ofdilp5. Together, our results suggest that feeding preference for sugar and amino acid can be modulated independently to facilitate food choice that accounts for prior dietary experience.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimals adjust their feeding preferences based on prior dietary experiences. Here, we find that upon dietary macronutrient deprivation, flies undergo compensatory changes in food preference. The altered preference correlates with changes in peripheral taste sensitivity. WhileDop2Rmediates changes following dietary sugar reduction, downregulation ofdilp5is associated with changes caused by a sugar-enriched diet. This study contributes to a better understanding of neurophysiological plasticity of the taste system in flies, and its role in facilitating adjustment of foraging behavior based on nutritional requirements.
A figura da mulher subalterna em Machado de Assis
Authors: Cordeiro Antonia Claudia de Andrade 
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a representação de uma figura subalterna em Machado de Assis, a personagem Mariana, do conto “Capítulo dos Chapéus” (1883). Analisa-se como o autor, no âmbito da representação, constrói um sujeito feminino subalterno e como ele expõe as estruturas de poder em uma sociedade patriarcal, no contexto da segunda metade do século XIX no Brasil. Para esta análise, são considerados os seguintes aspectos de figuração da personagem: história de vida, traços fisionômicos, retrato psicológico e personagem em ação. Consideram-se também as relações que essa personagem estabelece com as demais e a imagem que ela constrói de si mesma a partir dessa interação. Busca-se também compreender como o narrador e as outras personagens atuam nesse processo de figuração e até que ponto eles revelam essa posição de subalternidade assumida por Mariana. Machado de Assis é visto como um escritor atento às questões de seu tempo, pois atesta, no contexto do Patriarcalismo da época, a supremacia masculina em relação à mulher. Os resultados também apontam para dois procedimentos típicos de Machado de Assis: o de lançar mão de diferentes perspectivas para dar a conhecer suas personagens e o de utilizar pormenores significativos que revelam muito dessas personagens.
Serce Jezusa jako istota chrystocentrycznej estetyki Josepha kard. Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI. Studium teologiczno-muzyczne na przykładzie twórczości Henryka Mikołaja Góreckiego
Authors: Ziemlewski Mateusz 
Published: November 2021

Joseph kard. Ratzinger w swojej twórczości teologicznej poświęcał uwagę estetyce, a zwłaszcza estetykom muzyki sakralnej. Interpretację opierał na teologii dogmatycznej nakierowanej chrystologicznie. Samą zaś estetykę wiązał z faktem przebicia Serca Pana Jezusa na krzyżu. Twierdził bowiem, że prawdziwe piękno łączy się z prawdą i nie może zaistnieć bez przyjęcia cierpienia, czego wyrazem jest przebicie serca. W przeciwnym razie piękno byłoby fałszywe, ponieważ odwodziłoby od ludzkiego życia. Tymczasem Chrystus stał się człowiekiem, gdyż współczuł ludziom. Również ta kategoria ma ważne miejsce w estetyce muzyki sakralnej. Droga piękna to droga powrotu do Boga w prawdzie. Henryk Mikołaj Górecki to kompozytor, którego twórczość często jest nadmiernie wiązana z postacią Maryi. Tymczasem Jezus Chrystus również ma swoje miejsce w muzycznym dorobku Góreckiego, również w aspekcie Najświętszego Serca.
The Role of Frontal Thrusts in Tsunami Earthquake Generation
Authors: Felix Raquel P. , Hubbard Judith A. , Moore James D. P. , Switzer Adam D. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The frontal sections of subduction zones are the source of a poorly understood hazard: “tsunami earthquakes,” which generate larger-than-expected tsunamis given their seismic shaking. Slip on frontal thrusts is considered to be the cause of increased wave heights in these earthquakes, but the impact of this mechanism has thus far not been quantified. Here, we explore how frontal thrust slip can contribute to tsunami wave generation by modeling the resulting seafloor deformation using fault-bend folding theory. We then quantify wave heights in 2D and expected tsunami energies in 3D for both thrust splays (using fault-bend folding) and down-dip décollement ruptures (modeled as elastic). We present an analytical solution for the damping effect of the water column and show that, because the narrow band of seafloor uplift produced by frontal thrust slip is damped, initial tsunami heights and resulting energies are relatively low. Although the geometry of the thrust can modify seafloor deformation, water damping reduces these differences; tsunami energy is generally insensitive to thrust ramp parameters, such as fault dip, geological evolution, sedimentation, and erosion. Tsunami energy depends primarily on three features: décollement depth below the seafloor, water depth, and coseismic slip. Because frontal ruptures of subduction zones include slip on both the frontal thrust and the down-dip décollement, we compare their tsunami energies. We find that thrust ramps generate significantly lower energies than the paired slip on the décollement. Using a case study of the 25 October 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai tsunami earthquake, we show that although slip on the décollement and frontal thrust together can generate the required tsunami energy, &lt;10% was contributed by the frontal thrust. Overall, our results demonstrate that the wider, lower amplitude uplift produced by décollement slip must play a dominant role in the tsunami generation process for tsunami earthquakes.
American Orthopaedic Association’s (AOA) Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) 2020 Summer Conference: Top Abstracts*
Authors: Weistroffer Joseph K. , Patt Joshua C. 
Published: November 2021

In a continuing collaboration between the American Orthopaedic Association’s (AOA) Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) and JBJS, the following 10 abstracts highlight the scientific research presented at AOA’s virtual annual national meeting held this past June 2020. These abstracts embody CORD’s purpose and mission:“The American Orthopaedic Association’s Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD) program strives to recognize best practices in orthopaedic residency education and fellowship education based on ACGME [Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]-defined essential knowledge and skills in each of the residency education competency areas. CORD provides a forum for academic orthopaedic leaders to exchange ideas, discuss solutions to challenges, and find ways to teach residents in orthopaedic programs effectively.”

We hope that this education-related research will inspire further inquiry to advance the development of future orthopaedic surgeons.
Reduction in Backup Tool Requirements: Risks vs. Benefits, a Probability Analysis
Authors: Johannesen Steven , Lagarigue Thomas , Shearer Gordon , Owen Karen , Wood Grant , Hendry Will 
Published: November 2021

SummaryA review of the use of measurement while drilling (MWD), logging while drilling (LWD), and directional drilling (DD) tools mobilized to offshore drilling units in the North Sea highlighted an opportunity to lower operational cost for the operator and reduce capital used for the oilfield services company. An objective was set to develop a risk-based probability model that would assess the positive and negative financial impacts of reducing, or perhaps entirely removing, backup tools in this historically risk-averse basin. The scope of the initial analysis was a drilling campaign on a single rig contracted by the operator (Rig A). This analysis was then extended to review scenarios in which several operations in close proximity would share backup tools.The last 3 years of MWD/LWD/DD tool reliability data from North Sea operations, recorded by the oilfield services company, were used as an input. To assess the probability of failure, a binomial model was developed to create a binomial distribution for each tool to calculate the probability of having zero to X failures for a selected tool or bottomhole assembly (BHA) for a given number of runs. Three binomial models were developed to study the effect of “easy,” “moderate,” and “challenging” drilling environments on tool reliability. A financial risk model was designed to balance the probability-weighted cost of failure for the operator against the lower costs resulting from reduced tool provision by the oilfield services company. To better estimate risks and financial impacts on the project, a sensitivity analysis was performed on the financial risk model using the three binomial models.As a result of the analysis, it was demonstrated that recent improvements in tool reliability support a reduction in the provision of backup MWD/LWD/DD drilling tools for the majority of North Sea drilling scenarios.
Study on Pressure Drop Characteristics of a Two-Stage Swirler Separator
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Zhang Xingkai , Liao Ruiquan , Lei Yu , Fang Zhigang 
Published: November 2021

Summary
The vane swirler separator is widely used in the separation process of wet natural gas owing to a small volume, high efficiency, economy, and environmental protection. In addition to the separation efficiency, the pressure drop is also an important technical and operational index for evaluating the performance of the swirler. In this study, the pressure drop of a swirler vane separator was studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Through the visualization experimental study of the liquid membrane formation rule and its movement pattern, the reduced gas velocity on the pressure drop was divided into three stages. For a gas superficial velocity less than 5.69 m/s, the effect of gas superficial velocity on the pressure drop was small; for a gas superficial velocity greater than 16.57 m/s, the pressure drop increased significantly with an increase in gas flow rate, and the maximum pressure drop was generated by the two-stage swirler, downstream of which the pressure decreased precipitously. We also observed that when the liquid volume content was less than 3%, the gas superficial velocity was the dominant factor affecting the change in the pressure drop. The average relative error of the pressure drop prediction model based on the conservation of the energy law was 6.16%, which indicated a high calculation accuracy.
Prevalence and biopsychosocial factors associated with depressive symptoms among patients living with systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical settings in urban Thailand
Authors: Narupan Nirunya , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Pumpuang Walailak 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Depressive symptoms are globally recognized as a significant mental health problem in patients with chronic disease, particularly those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and examine biopsychosocial factors of depressive symptoms among patients with SLE.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 185 participants diagnosed with SLE and received treatment for at least three months, aged 18-59 years attending the outpatient clinic of a university hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Thai version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). We assessed Demographic data, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Index (SLEDAI), the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SLICC Damage Index), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Body Image Scale (BIS), and the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). Data were collected from March to May 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the data.
Result
The proportion of the participants with depressive symptoms was 43.2%, while 8.1% of those patients faced moderate to severe depressive symptoms and could be diagnosed with depression. SLE patients with depressive symptoms were more likely to be severe pain (aOR = 12.11, 95%CI = 1.35-108.46), fatigue (aOR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.08-5.14), taking prednisolone ≥15 mg daily (aOR = 5.75, 95%CI = 1.76-18.80), low satisfied of body image (aOR = 12.49, 95%CI = 2.23-69.80), and low social support (aOR = 17.96, 95% CI = 1.86-173.77). Disease flare, organ damage, and family income sufficiency could not predict the risk of depressive symptoms in patients with SLE (p ≤ .05).
Conclusion
The findings highlight depressive symptoms in patients with SLE. Therefore, the health professional should be concerned about the perception of body image, level of social support, fatigue, and pain while treating patients with SLE. Public health screening programs to identify depressive symptoms in patients with SLE are needed. In addition, a high dose of prednisolone should be considered if required, along with monitoring.