bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Breast Cancer Burden in Germany and Implications for Risk-based Screening
Authors: Quante Anne S. , Hüsing Anika , Chang-Claude Jenny , Kiechle Marion , Kaaks Rudolf , Pfeiffer Ruth M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In Germany, it is currently recommended that women start mammographic breast cancer screening at age 50. However, recently updated guidelines state that for women younger than 50 and older than 70 years of age, screening decisions should be based on individual risk. International clinical guidelines recommend starting screening when a woman's 5-year risk of breast cancer exceeds 1.7%. We thus compared the performance of the current age-based screening practice with an alternative risk-adapted approach using data from a German population representative survey. We found that 10,498,000 German women ages 50–69 years are eligible for mammographic screening based on age alone. Applying the 5-year risk threshold of 1.7% to individual breast cancer risk estimated from a model that considers a woman's reproductive and personal characteristics, 39,000 German women ages 40–49 years would additionally be eligible. Among those women, the number needed to screen to detect one breast cancer case, NNS, was 282, which was close to the NNS = 292 among all 50- to 69-year-old women. In contrast, NNS = 703 for the 113,000 German women ages 50–69 years old with 5-year breast cancer risk &lt;0.8%, the median 5-year breast cancer risk for German women ages 45–49 years, which we used as a low-risk threshold. For these low-risk women, longer screening intervals might be considered to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures. In conclusion, we show that risk-adapted mammographic screening could benefit German women ages 40–49 years who are at elevated breast cancer risk and reduce cost and burden among low-risk women ages 50–69 years.

Prevention Relevance:
We show that a risk-based approach to mammography screening for German women can help detect breast cancer in women ages 40–49 years with increased risk and reduce screening costs and burdens for low-risk women ages 50–69 years. However, before recommending a particular implementation of a risk-based mammographic screening approach, further investigations of models and thresholds used are needed.
Interaction of Obesity and Hypertension on Cardiac Metabolic Remodeling and Survival Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mouton Alan J. , Flynn Elizabeth R. , Moak Sydney P. , Li Xuan , da Silva Alexandre A. , Wang Zhen , do Carmo Jussara M. , Hall Michael E. , Hall John E. 
Published: March 2021

Background
Obesity and hypertension are risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI); however, their potential interactions on post‐MI outcomes are unclear. We examined interactions of obesity and hypertensionon post‐MI function, remodeling, metabolic changes, and recovery.

Methods and Results
Male and female C57BL/6J mice were provided standard chow or high‐fat/fructose diet for 8 weeks and then infused with angiotensin II for 2 weeks to induce hypertension. MI was then induced by surgical ligation of the left coronary artery for 7 days. Obesity alone did not cause cardiac injury or exacerbate hypertension‐induced cardiac dysfunction. After MI, however, obese‐normotensive mice had lower survival rates compared with chow‐fed mice (56% versus 89% males; 54% versus 75% females), which were further decreased by hypertension (29% males; and 35% females). Surviving obese‐normotensive males displayed less left ventricular dilation and pulmonary congestion compared with chow‐fed males after MI; hypertension reversed left ventricular dilation because of high‐fat/fructose diet and promoted significant pulmonary congestion compared with chow‐fed controls. Obese‐normotensive males displayed higher left ventricular α‐MHC (alpha‐myosin heavy chain) protein, phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) and AMPK (adenosine‐monophosphate activated kinase), PPAR‐γ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), and plasma adiponectin levels after MI, indicating favorable contractile and metabolic changes. However, these favorable contractile and metabolic changes were attenuated by hypertension. Obese‐hypertensive males also had lower levels of collagen in the infarcted region, indicating decreased ability to promote an adaptive wound healing response to MI.

Conclusions
Obesity reduces post‐MI survival but is associated with improved post‐MI cardiac function and metabolism in surviving normotensive mice. When hypertension accompanies obesity, favorable metabolic pathways associated with obesity are attenuated and post‐MI cardiac function and remodeling are adversely impacted.
Semantic Data Set Construction from Human Clustering and Spatial Arrangement
Authors: Majewska Olga , McCarthy Diana , van den Bosch Jasper J. F. , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Vulić Ivan , Korhonen Anna 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Research into representation learning models of lexical semantics usually utilizes some form of intrinsic evaluation to ensure that the learned representations reflect human semantic judgments. Lexical semantic similarity estimation is a widely used evaluation method, but efforts have typically focused on pairwise judgments of words in isolation, or are limited to specific contexts and lexical stimuli. There are limitations with these approaches that either do not provide any context for judgments, and thereby ignore ambiguity, or provide very specific sentential contexts that cannot then be used to generate a larger lexical resource. Furthermore, similarity between more than two items is not considered. We provide a full description and analysis of our recently proposed methodology for large-scale data set construction that produces a semantic classification of a large sample of verbs in the first phase, as well as multi-way similarity judgments made within the resultant semantic classes in the second phase. The methodology uses a spatial multi-arrangement approach proposed in the field of cognitive neuroscience for capturing multi-way similarity judgments of visual stimuli. We have adapted this method to handle polysemous linguistic stimuli and much larger samples than previous work. We specifically target verbs, but the method can equally be applied to other parts of speech. We perform cluster analysis on the data from the first phase and demonstrate how this might be useful in the construction of a comprehensive verb resource. We also analyze the semantic information captured by the second phase and discuss the potential of the spatially induced similarity judgments to better reflect human notions of word similarity. We demonstrate how the resultant data set can be used for fine-grained analyses and evaluation of representation learning models on the intrinsic tasks of semantic clustering and semantic similarity. In particular, we find that stronger static word embedding methods still outperform lexical representations emerging from more recent pre-training methods, both on word-level similarity and clustering. Moreover, thanks to the data set’s vast coverage, we are able to compare the benefits of specializing vector representations for a particular type of external knowledge by evaluating FrameNet- and VerbNet-retrofitted models on specific semantic domains such as “Heat” or “Motion.”
A Novel Integrated Information Processing Model of Presence
Authors: Berthiaume Maxine , Corno Giulia , Nolet Kevin , Bouchard Stéphane 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective of this article is to conduct a narrative literature review on multisensory integration and propose a novel information processing model of presence in virtual reality (VR). The first half of the article introduces basic multisensory integration (implicit information processing) and the integration of coherent stimuli (explicit information processing) in the physical environment, offering an explanation for people's reactions during VR immersions and is an important component of our model. To help clarify these concepts, examples are provided. The second half of the article addresses multisensory integration in VR. Three models in the literature examine the role that multisensory integration plays in inducing various perceptual illusions and the relationship between embodiment and presence in VR. However, they do not relate specifically to presence and multisensory integration. We propose a novel model of presence using elements of these models and suggest that implicit and explicit information processing lead to presence. We refer to presence as a perceptual illusion that includes a plausibility illusion (the feeling that the scenario in the virtual environment is actually occurring) and a place illusion (the feeling of being in the place depicted in the virtual environment), based on efficient and congruent multisensory integration.
Fog and Low-Level Stratus in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System Upwelling Season
Authors: Samelson R. M. , de Szoeke S. P. , Skyllingstad E. D. , Barbour P. L. , Durski S. M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFog and low-level stratus during April–September 2009 are examined in a set of coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical simulations of the northern California Current System (CCS). The model configurations differ only in the choice of planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization scheme and, in one case, surface flux scheme. The results suggest that fog formation in this region primarily occurs through condensation at the surface induced locally by surface cooling, when moist offshore air is advected over cold upwelled waters and the shallow coastal marine PBL is further stabilized by warm, dry, continental air that extends offshore above the PBL inversion. These results are consistent with some but not all prior hypotheses for fog formation in the CCS region. Fog formation by downward growth of a preexisting stratus layer is also found in the simulations, but dominates only in those simulations with PBL schemes that produce an extensive and evidently unphysical stratus layer at 200 m height, which serves as the source for the downward growth. The stronger fog response in later summer months arises from seasonal warming of offshore SST, which increases the moisture content and temperature of the upstream air mass, while cool coastal SSTs are maintained by upwelling. On synoptic time scales, a similar influence of fog response on upstream conditions is found but controlled instead by changes in wind direction. These results suggest that the critical factors determining the evolution of the coastal fog regime in a warming climate are likely the temperature of upwelling source waters and the offshore flow of continental air.
Treatment response to cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and bortezomib in chronic immune-mediated sensorimotor neuropathies: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Motte Jeremias , Fisse Anna Lena , Köse Nuray , Grüter Thomas , Mork Hannah , Athanasopoulos Diamantis , Fels Miriam , Otto Susanne , Siglienti Ines , Schneider-Gold Christiane , Hellwig Kerstin , Yoon Min-Suk , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi 
Published: March 2021

Background: Up to 20% of patients with chronic immune-mediated sensorimotor neuropathies (CIN) do not respond adequately to first-line therapies. However, studies on further treatment are scarce. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively 200 CIN patients regarding disease characteristics and response to therapy with cyclophosphamide (CYP), rituximab (RTX), and bortezomib (BTZ). Treatment response was defined as improvement or stabilization of inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment overall disability score (INCAT-ODSS). Results: A total of 48 of 181 patients (26.5%) received therapy with CYP, RTX, or BTZ. The most frequently and first used therapy was CYP (69%). More than 40% of patients needed a second or third treatment. Overall, 71 treatments were applied in 48 patients. The combination of up to all three treatments enhanced the response-rate to 90%. Treatment within 24 months after initial diagnosis resulted in significantly higher response rate than late treatment (79% versus 50 %, p = 0.04, χ2-test, n = 46) and in lower disability in long-term follow up (INCAT-ODSS 3.8 versus 5.8, p = 0.02, t-test, n = 48). Patients with Lewis-Sumner syndrome ( n = 9) and autoantibody mediated neuropathies ( n = 13) had excellent response rates after treatment with RTX (90–100%). In contrast, typical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) showed a response rate of 64% in CYP, 64% in RTX, and 75% in BTZ. Conclusion: Treatment with CYP, RTX, or BTZ was effective in this cohort of CIN refractory to first-line treatment. Our data increase evidence for an early use of these therapies. High efficacy of RTX in Lewis-Sumner syndrome in contrast to typical CIDP suggests a distinct pathophysiology.
Intra-articular Morphine and Ropivacaine Injection Provides Efficacious Analgesia As Compared With Femoral Nerve Block in the First 24 Hours After ACL Reconstruction: Results From a Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft in an Adolescent Population
Authors: Mitchell Brendon C. , Siow Matthew Y. , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W. , Bastrom Tracey P. , Chambers Henry G. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Opioid consumption and patient satisfaction are influenced by a surgeon’s pain-management protocol as well as the use of adjunctive pain mediators. Two commonly utilized adjunctive pain modifiers for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are femoral nerve blockade and intra-articular injection; however, debate remains regarding the more efficacious methodology. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that intra-articular injection with ropivacaine and morphine would be found to be as efficacious as a femoral nerve block for postoperative pain management in the first 24 hours after bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Charts were retrospectively reviewed for BTB ACL reconstructions performed by a single pediatric orthopaedic surgeon from 2013 to 2019. Overall, 116 patients were identified: 58 received intra-articular injection, and 58 received single-shot femoral nerve block. All patients were admitted for 24 hours. Pain scores were assessed every 4 hours. Morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) consumed were tabulated for each patient. Results: Opioid use was 24.3 MMEs in patients treated with intra-articular injection versus 28.5 MMEs in those with peripheral block ( P = .108). Consumption of MMEs was greater in the intra-articular group in the 0- to 4-hour period (7.1 vs 4.6 MMEs; P = .008). There was significantly less MME consumption in patients receiving intra-articular injection versus peripheral block at 16 to 20 hours (3.2 vs 5.6 MMEs; P = .01) and 20 to 24 hours (3.8 vs 6.5 MMEs; P < .001). Mean pain scores were not significantly different over the 24-hour period (peripheral block, 2.7; intra-articular injection, 3.0; P = .19). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, we could identify no significant difference in MME consumption between the single-shot femoral nerve block group and intra-articular injection group in the first 24 hours postoperatively. While peripheral block is associated with lower opioid consumption in the first 4 hours after surgery, patients receiving intra-articular block require fewer opioids 16 to 24 hours postoperatively. Given these findings, we propose that intra-articular injection is a viable alternative for analgesia in adolescent patients undergoing BTB ACL reconstruction.
Cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation at a Japanese national university during the COVID-19 stay-home order
Authors: Nomura Kyoko , Minamizono Sachiko , Maeda Eri , Kim Roseline , Iwata Toyoto , Hirayama Junko , Ono Kyoichi , Fushimi Masahito , Goto Takeshi , Mishima Kazuo , Yamamoto Fumio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms as well as suicide-related ideation among Japanese university students during the stay-home order necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan, and offer evidence in support of future intervention to depression and suicide prevention strategies among college and university students.

Methods
The data for this cross-sectional study were derived from the Student Mental Health Survey conducted from May 20 to June 16, 2020 at a national university in Akita prefecture. Among the 5111 students recruited, 2712 participated in this study (response rate, 53%; mean age ± standard deviation, 20.5 ±3.5 years; men, 53.8%). Depressive symptoms were identified by using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

Results
The prevalence of moderate depressive symptoms based on a PHQ-9 score ≥10 and suicide-related ideation based on question 9 of PHQ-9 ≥1, which encompasses thoughts of both suicide and self-harm, was 11.7% and 6.7%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that risk factors for depression included being a woman, smoking, alcohol consumption, and social network communication using either video or voice. For suicide-related ideation, alcohol consumption was the only risk factor. Exercise and having someone to consult about worries were associated with decreased risk of both depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation.

Conclusions
Negative lifestyles of smoking and drinking, and being a woman, may be important risk factors for depressive symptoms, whereas exercise and having someone to consult about worries may be protective factors.
High-generation near-isogenic lines combined with multi-omics to study the mechanism of polima cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Wang Benqi , Farooq Zunaira , Chu Lei , Liu Jie , Wang Huadong , Guo Jian , Tu Jinxing , Ma Chaozhi , Dai Cheng , Wen Jin , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Yi Bin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), which naturally exists in higher plants, is a useful mechanism for analyzing nuclear and mitochondrial genome functions and identifying the role of mitochondrial genes in the plant growth and development. Polima (pol) CMS is the most universally valued male sterility type in oil-seed rape. Previous studies have described the pol CMS restorer gene Rfp and the sterility-inducing gene orf224 in oil-seed rape, located in mitochondria. However, the mechanism of fertility restoration and infertility remains unknown. Moreover, it is still unknown how the fecundity restorer gene interferes with the sterility gene, provokes the sterility gene to lose its function, and leads to fertility restoration.

Result
In this study, we used multi-omics joint analysis to discover candidate genes that interact with the sterility gene orf224 and the restorer gene Rfp of pol CMS to provide theoretical support for the occurrence and restoration mechanisms of sterility. Via multi-omics analysis, we screened 24 differential genes encoding proteins related to RNA editing, respiratory electron transport chain, anther development, energy transport, tapetum development, and oxidative phosphorylation. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we obtained a total of seven Rfp interaction proteins, with orf224 protein covering five interaction proteins.

Conclusions
We propose that Rfp and its interacting protein cleave the transcript of atp6/orf224, causing the infertility gene to lose its function and restore fertility. When Rfp is not cleaved, orf224 poisons the tapetum cells and anther development-related proteins, resulting in pol CMS mitochondrial dysfunction and male infertility. The data from the joint analysis of multiple omics provided information on pol CMS’s potential molecular mechanism and will help breed B. napus hybrids.
Long-term phlebotomy successfully alleviated hepatic iron accumulation in a ferroportin disease patient with a mutation in SLC40A1: a case report
Authors: Nishina Sohji , Tomiyama Yasuyuki , Ikuta Katsuya , Tatsumi Yasuaki , Toki Yasumichi , Kato Ayako , Kato Koichi , Yoshioka Naoko , Sasaki Kyo , Hara Yuichi , Hino Keisuke 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hereditary hemochromatosis is a heterogenous group of inherited iron-overload conditions that is characterized by increased intestinal absorption and deposition in vital organs. Hepcidin is a soluble regulator that acts to attenuate both intestinal iron absorption and iron release from reticuloendothelial macrophages through internalization of ferroportin-1, an iron exporter. Ferroportin disease is hereditary hemochromatosis which is affected by SLC40A1, a gene coding ferroportin-1, and phenotypically classified into two forms (classical and nonclassical). In nonclassical form, ferroportin mutations are responsible for a gain of function with full iron export capability but insensitivity to downregulation by hepcidin. Here, we report a case of nonclassical ferroportin disease.

Case presentation
A 46-year-old Japanese man showed elevated serum iron (284 μg/dl), ferritin (1722 ng/ml), transferrin saturation ratio (91.3%), and hepcidin-25 level (139.6 ng/ml). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a marked reduction in the signal intensity of the liver in T1- and T2-weighted images. The liver histology exhibited a large amount of iron that had accumulated predominantly in hepatocytes. We identified a heterozygous 1520A > G (p.H507R) mutation in the SLC40A1 gene. Phlebotomy (400 ml at a time) was monthly performed for 3 years in this patient. Importantly, the serum hepcidin level (1.0 ng/ml) was normal when the serum ferritin level was normal and hepatic iron accumulation was remarkably reduced after 3 years of phlebotomy.

Conclusions
The present case demonstrated for the first time that there was a correlation between hepatic iron levels as measured by MRI and serum hepcidin levels through long-term phlebotomy in a patient with ferroportin disease with the p.H507R mutation of in SLC40A1.
Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score as a predictive marker for short-term complications following gastrectomy of gastric cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Sun Feng , Zhang Chen , Liu Zhijian , Ai Shichao , Guan Wenxian , Liu Song 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
It is well established that the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was correlated with long-term outcomes in gastric cancer (GC), but the significance of CONUT for postoperative short-term outcomes remains unclear. The study aimed to characterize the relationship between CONUT and short-term complications following gastrectomy of GC.

Methods
We collected data on 1479 consecutive GC patients at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors for postoperative complications were performed. The cutoff value of the CONUT score was determined by Youden index.

Results
Among all of the patients, 431 (29.3%) patients encountered postoperative complications. Multivariate analyses identified CONUT was an independent predictor for postoperative short-term complications (OR 1.156; 95% CI 1.077–1.240; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis elucidated that CONUT was related to postoperative complications both in early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer. We further explored that patients with high CONUT score had prolonged hospital stay (12.3 ± 6.0 vs 11.1 ± 4.6, P < 0.001) and more total hospital charges (7.6 ± 2.4 vs 7.1 ± 1.6, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that the preoperative CONUT was an independent predictor for short-term complications following gastrectomy of GC.