bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of charged aerosols by E × B enhanced low‐temperature plasma jet array
Authors: Chen Baihan , Huang Zhongzheng , Liu Dawei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient plasma jet array based on the E × B enhancement was developed. The direction of the magnetic field was the same as the propagation direction of the plasma jet, and the direction of the electric field was perpendicular to the plasma jet. The E × B enhancement increased the length of the plasma jet from 0.5 to 1.8 cm, the discharge current peak by 37.8%, and the plasma power by 11.1%, compared with the control case. Three‐dimensional simulation of electrons movement indicates that the confinement of electrons in the high argon concentration region was the main reason for the E × B enhancement. The stronger discharge based on the E × B enhancement increased the ion density in the open air significantly. The charged aerosols were generated through the diffusion charging mechanism. The image charge electric force between charged and neutral aerosols increased the collision rate between aerosols, therefore, the larger aerosols were generated, and 108% more deposition of aerosols than the natural settlement case were achieved.
Surface energy balance of sub‐Arctic roads with varying snow regimes and properties in permafrost regions
Authors: Chen Lin , Voss Clifford I. , Fortier Daniel , McKenzie Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurface energy balance (SEB) strongly influences the thermal state of permafrost, cryohydrological processes, and infrastructure stability. Road construction and snow accumulation affect the energy balance of underlying permafrost. Herein, we use an experimental road section of the Alaska Highway to develop a SEB model to quantify the surface energy components and ground surface temperature (GST) for different land cover types with varying snow regimes and properties. Simulated and measured ground temperatures are in good agreement, and our results show that the quantity of heat entering the embankment center and slope is mainly controlled by net radiation, and less by the sensible heat flux. In spring, lateral heat flux from the embankment center leads to earlier disappearance of snowpack on the embankment slope. In winter, the insulation created by the snow cover on the embankment slope reduces heat loss by a factor of three compared with the embankment center where the snow is plowed. The surface temperature offsets are 5.0°C and 7.8°C for the embankment center and slope, respectively. Furthermore, the heat flux released on the embankment slope exponentially decreases with increasing snow depth, and linearly decreases with earlier snow cover in fall and shorter snow‐covered period in spring.
Current challenges in performing PSM audits
Authors: Hazzan Michael J. , Rose Martin R. , Heller David M. , Sanderson Scott 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the last 2–3 years, Process Safety Management (PSM) audits have become more difficult to perform. As time has passed since the adoption of the PSM Standard and Risk Management Program (RMP) rule, as well as state PSM regulations, the guidance published in support of applying the regulations has expanded, while the regulations themselves, at least the federal ones, have remained static. Facilities have become more sensitive to the number and the nature of audit findings, continuous improvement in PSM programs has become somewhat controversial, and the definitions of “overdue” and “timely” have become more difficult to interpret and apply. These issues and others have conspired to create some of these difficulties.
The role of formulation co‐ingredients in skin and glove barrier protection against organophosphate insecticides
Authors: Tefera Yonatal M , Gaskin Sharyn , Thredgold Leigh , Pisaniello Dino 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercially formulated pesticide products are complex mixtures of one or more active ingredients and several co‐ingredients. However, the modifying effect of co‐ingredients on skin uptake and glove barrier protection has been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to understand the role of formulation co‐ingredients in skin and glove barrier protection performance against organophosphate insecticides.RESULTSWe adapted standard in vitro diffusion cell methods to test permeation kinetics of two commonly used organophosphate insecticides: dimethoate and omethoate. For spray dilutions, dimethoate and omethoate did not reach breakthrough glove permeation rate (1 μg·cm−2·min−1) and no or little skin permeation was observed for up to 8 h, regardless of formulation. For exposure conditions involving highly concentrated products, significant differences in glove permeation were observed between different formulations of dimethoate (about 1.5‐fold, P < 0.05) and of omethoate (184‐fold, P < 0.001). In contrast, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed between formulations in terms of skin permeation.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that co‐ingredients play a critical role in glove barrier protection against undiluted organophosphate insecticides, whereas their influence on skin uptake was insignificant within the exposure time tested. This implies that dermal exposure risk may vary between handling different formulated products of the same active ingredient hence recommending a common glove material for different formulations of the same chemical without careful consideration of co‐ingredients and their permeation properties may not necessarily be appropriate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Soil aggregate‐associated organic carbon and nitrogen response to long‐term no‐till crop rotation, cover crop, and manure application
Authors: Bansal Sangeeta , Yin Xinhua , Sykes Virginia , Lee Jaehoon , Jagadamma Sindhu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSoil C and N sequestration using conservation practices to alleviate climate change are necessary; however, diverse crop management influences on aggregate‐associated C and N levels need consideration. Our objective was to compare bulk soil and aggregate‐associated C and N under cover crops hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), poultry litter application, fallow control, and crop rotations of continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), cotton–corn (Zea mays L.), continuous corn, corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], continuous soybean, and soybean–cotton in a long‐term (2002–2018) no‐tillage field experiment at Milan, TN. Soil organic C (SOC) and N were assessed at 0–15 and 15–30 cm bulk soil and in >2, 0.25–2, 0.053–0.25, and <0.053 mm aggregates at depths 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–30 cm. In 0–15 cm, poultry litter resulted in 4.14, 3.92, and 3.48 Mg ha–1 significantly (P ≤ .05) higher SOC, and 0.50, 0.52, and 0.44 Mg ha–1 significantly higher N than hairy vetch, wheat, and fallow, respectively. Continuous corn and corn–soybean showed significantly higher SOC content in >2 and 0.25–2 mm at 0–5 cm, whereas in other crop rotations, 0.25–2 mm exhibited significantly higher SOC content than >2 mm. Poultry litter had significantly higher soil N in >2 and 0.25–2 mm at 0–5 cm than hairy vetch, wheat, and fallow. Inclusion of continuous corn or rotation of corn and soybean, integrated with poultry litter applied as manure, can serve as SOC and N sinks in macroaggregates enhancing C and N sequestration under no‐till management and humid subtropical climate.
SOGI Asylum in Europe: Emerging Patterns
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter brings together some of the recurring but not always visible phenomena relating to SOGI asylum that have remained below the surface in the previous chapters. We are keen not to conflate or homogenise what are often very different individual experiences in Germany, Italy and the UK. Rather, we identify themes and common factors that may take diverse forms but that, at the same time, shaped the experiences of our participants and are the basis for the targeted recommendations in our final chapter. We group these phenomena under four headings: identities, discrimination, place and agency. By doing so, this chapter draws together the recurring or more significant findings from the chapters that constitute Part II, and presents and analyses them using the theoretical approaches in Chap. 3 to show that what may appear to be discrete phenomena in fact derive from systemic failures to apply an intersectional, queer, feminist and human rights based understanding to SOGI asylum.
Researching SOGI Asylum
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe SOGICA project ran from September 2016 until August 2020. In these four years, the project consisted of different phases: (1) delineating the project’s methodology and theoretical and analytical frameworks, in particular how human rights, feminist and queer studies and the concept of intersectionality can be used as particular lenses for the analysis of SOGI asylum claims; (2) preparing and conducting fieldwork in Germany, Italy, the UK and at EU and Council of Europe levels; (3) analysing the data, writing up the results and producing detailed policy recommendations.
The Asylum Claim Determination
Authors: Danisi Carmelo , Dustin Moira , Ferreira Nuno , Held Nina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPublic international law and, more specifically, international human rights law protect the right to access an asylum determination procedure and the principle of non-refoulement, as established in Chap. 3. Some would argue that asylum should not be seen by states as their own prerogative, but rather as a fundamental human right (Díaz Lafuente, 2014, pp. 206–207). How the right to access to asylum determination and the principle of non-refoulement are implemented varies from country to country, including within the EU, as discussed in Chap. 4. Chapter 6 dissected the different procedures adopted to adjudicate SOGI claims of international protection in Germany, Italy and the UK. In this chapter, we focus on the decision itself by analysing the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process in the three countries studied. In the process, we highlight similarities and differences, merits and shortcomings, and often inconsistencies with supranational and international standards.
Beanspruchungsgefüge & Beanspruchungsfolgen
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAus den dargestellten Wirkungskriterien und Wirkungspfaden ergeben sich Belastungssituationen, die die Arbeitsgestaltung von SE prägen. Sämtliche der in Kapitel 5 bis 9 benannten Teilkriterien können für sich eine Belastung darstellen und in der Folge den SE beanspruchen. Das dabei entstehende Bedingungsgefüge an Belastungen und an Beanspruchung verkörpert den aus der Datenauswertung hervorgegangenen zentralen Stellenwert bei der Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage. Schilderungen der Interviewpartner zu generierten Kodes werden zur Illustration eingearbeitet. Die Erkenntnisse werden im internationalen Forschungskontext gespiegelt und in der Forschungslandschaft verortet. Kapitelabschließend wird die Bedeutung der Erkenntnisse für das Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung aufgezeigt.
Beginn der Forschungsreise: Ausgangssituation zur zentralen Forschungsfrage und Vorüberlegungen zur Herleitung des eigenen Forschungsprozesses
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel widmet sich der fachlichen und methodologischen Verortung der Leitfrage im deutschen Forschungsfeld, wobei die nachfolgenden Ausführungen dreierlei Stellenwert besitzen: (1) einen inhaltlichen Stellenwert im Praxisfeld, da der Erkenntnisstand zur zentralen Fragestellung auf Basis bereits vorliegender Erhebungen in Deutschland ermittelt wird; (2) einen wissenschaftlich begründeten Stellwert, da die empirische Güte der herangezogenen Studien, denen der Forschungsstand entnommen ist, bewertet wird; (3) einen methodologischen Stellenwert, da auf Basis der inhaltlichen und der wissenschaftlichen Ist-Situation eine Entscheidungsgrundlage für das Forschungsdesign der eigenen Untersuchung geschaffen wird.
Empirische Methode: Herleitung und Anwendung
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDer zuvor herausgearbeitete Forschungsstand und die dargestellten theoretischen Vorüberlegungen zeigen, dass eine systematische Überprüfung zu Merkmalen und Bedingungen der Arbeitsgestaltung von Social Entrepreneuren in Deutschland bis dato nicht besteht, geschweige denn in wissenschaftlich abgesicherter Form. Demzufolge wird in diesem Kapitel für das Beantworten der zentralen Forschungsfrage ein qualitativ-empirisches Untersuchungsdesign als Interviewforschung hergeleitet und erläutert. Die angewandten empirischen Verfahren – von der Datenerhebung bis zur Datenauswertung – werden begründend ausgewählt und genau beschrieben.
Aufgabenbezogene Anforderungen/Besonderheiten
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAufgabenbezogene Anforderungen und Besonderheiten beziehen sich auf weitere strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen. Für diese Kategorie lassen sich folgende Unterkategorien herausarbeiten, die in dieser Reihenfolge dargestellt und diskutiert werden: Zielgruppenmanagement; Marktabhängigkeiten; Messung von Social Impact; Gemeinnützigkeitsstatus; hybride Organisationsstrukturen; ergänzende Aspekte zu finanziellen Herausforderungen. Zur Illustration werden dabei Schilderungen der Interviewpartner zu generierten Kodes wieder als Endnotenverweis eingearbeitet, und die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden an internationalen Studien, die im Forschungskontext der Arbeitsgestaltung und der Wirkung von Arbeit von Social Entrepreneuren bestehen, gespiegelt und in der bestehenden Forschungslandschaft verortet. Kapitelabschließend wird aufgezeigt, welche Bedeutung die in diesem Kapitel dargestellten Erkenntnisse für das Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung von SE besitzen.
Personenbezogene Merkmale von Social Entrepreneuren (SE), Einstellungen & Motive
Authors: Hein Rüdiger 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungFür die Kategorie „Personenbezogene Merkmale von SE, Einstellungen und Motive“ lassen sich folgende Unterkategorien herausarbeiten, die in dieser Reihenfolge dargestellt und diskutiert werden: motivationale Aspekte sozialunternehmerischen Handelns; Motive und Phasen des Motivationsprozesses; Stellenwert von Bedürfnissen und Werten im Motivationsprozess; Positionierung gegenüber dem Geldverdienen; persönliche finanzielle Absicherung; begriffliche Determinanten zur SE(O)-Zugehörigkeit; Anspruchsniveau Problemlösung;Anspruchsniveau Skalierung; Anspruchsniveau Innovationsentwicklung; Zielsetzung und Zielerreichung; Stellenwert des Unternehmertums im Verhältnis zur sozialen Zielsetzung; konzeptionelle (Un‑)Vereinbarkeit von sozialer Zielsetzung und Unternehmertum; Hinweise zur Persönlichkeitstypologie von Social Entrepreneuren. Schilderungen der Interviewpartner zu generierten Kodes werden zur Illustration eingearbeitet. Die Erkenntnisse werden im internationalen Forschungskontext gespiegelt und in der Forschungslandschaft verortet. Kapitelabschließend wird die Bedeutung der Erkenntnisse für das Wirkungsmodell zur Arbeitsgestaltung aufgezeigt.
(Phenomenology/Lattice-Compatible) SU(3) MχPT HD up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$(p4) and the $$ \mathcal{O} $$(R4)-Large-N Connection
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Yadav Gopal , Misra Aalok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Obtaining the values of the coupling constants of the low energy effective theory corresponding to QCD, compatible with experimental data, even in the (vector) mesonic sector from (the $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
-theory uplift of) a UV-complete string theory dual, has thus far been missing in the literature. We take the first step in this direction by obtaining the values of the coupling constants of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(p4) χPT Lagrangian in the chiral limit involving the NGBs and ρ meson (and its flavor partners) from the $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
-theory/type IIA dual of large-N thermal QCD, inclusive of the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(R4) corrections. We observe that ensuring compatibility with phenomenological/lattice results (the values) as given in [1], requires a relationship relating the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(R4) corrections and large-N suppression. In other words, QCD demands that the higher derivative corrections and the large-N suppressed corrections in its M/string theory dual, are related. As a bonus, we explicitly show that the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(R4) corrections in the UV to the $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
-theory uplift of the type IIB dual of large-N thermal QCD at low temperatures, can be consistently set to be vanishingly small.
Thermodynamics of Dyonic NUT Charged Black Holes with entropy as Noether charge
Authors: Abbasvandi Niloofar , Tavakoli Masoumeh , Mann Robert B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the thermodynamic behaviour of Lorentzian Dyonic Taub-NUT Black Hole spacetimes. We consider two possibilities in their description: one in which their entropy is interpreted to be one quarter of the horizon area (the horizon entropy), and another in which the Misner string also contributes to the entropy (the Noether charge entropy). We find that there can be as many as three extremal black holes (or as few as zero) depending on the choice of parameters, and that the dependence of the free energy on temperature — and the resultant phase behaviour — depends very much on which of these situations holds. Some of the phase behaviour we observe holds regardless of which interpretation of the entropy holds. However another class of phase transition structures occurs only if the Noether charge interpretation of the entropy is adopted.
Ambitwistor strings in six and five dimensions
Authors: Geyer Yvonne , Mason Lionel , Skinner David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ambitwistor strings are chiral (holomorphic) strings whose target is the space of complex null geodesics, ambitwistor space. We introduce twistor representations of ambitwistor space in 6 and 5 dimensions. In 6d the twistor representation is naturally conformally invariant. Anomaly cancellation leads to models that describe biadjoint scalar amplitudes and certain conformally invariant gauge and gravity theories, respectively of 4th and 6th order. There are three such models, reflecting triality for the conformal group SO(8) associated to these 6d models. On reduction to five dimensions, gauge anomaly cancellation requires supersymmetry and the resulting models describe maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills and gravity. The twistor representation of these ambitwistor strings lead to formulæ for maximally supersymmetric gauge and gravity amplitudes based on the polarized scattering equations in 5d, found earlier by the first two authors.
Dispersion relations and exact bounds on CFT correlators
Authors: Paulos Miguel F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We derive new crossing-symmetric dispersion formulae for CFT correlators restricted to the line. The formulae are equivalent to the sum rules implied by what we call master functionals, which are analytic extremal functionals which act on the crossing equation. The dispersion relations provide an equivalent formulation of the constraints of the Polyakov bootstrap and hence of crossing symmetry on the line. The built in positivity properties imply simple and exact lower and upper bounds on the values of general CFT correlators on the Euclidean section, which are saturated by generalized free fields. Besides bounds on correlators, we apply this technology to determine new universal constraints on the Regge limit of arbitrary CFTs and obtain very simple and accurate representations of the 3d Ising spin correlator.
Prospects for direct CP tests of hqq interactions
Authors: Alonso Rodrigo , Fraser-Taliente Cristofero , Hays Chris , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the prospects for probing the CP structure of hqq interactions using the decays of the lightest baryon Λq formed in the quark’s hadronization. The low yields of reconstructible events make it unlikely for tests to be performed with the next generation of colliders. In h → b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

→ Λb$$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

b decays a CP-sensitive distribution could be measured with a high-luminosity e+e− collider, while in both h → b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

→ Λb$$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

b and h → c$$ \overline{c} $$

c
¯

→ Λc$$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

c decays such a distribution could be measured with a very high luminosity μ+μ− collider. However, we find that only the μ+μ− collider can produce enough h → b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

→ Λb$$ \overline{\Lambda} $$

Λ
¯

b decays to probe a physical CP asymmetry in the hbb vertex.
Stent-Based Retrieval Techniques in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with and Without Susceptibility Vessel Sign
Authors: Belachew Nebiyat F. , Piechowiak Eike I. , Dobrocky Tomas , Meinel Thomas R. , Hakim Arsany , Barvulsky Enrique A. , Vynckier Jan , Arnold Marcel , Seiffge David J. , Wiest Roland , Fischer Urs , Gralla Jan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Mordasini Pasquale 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Randomized controlled trials have challenged the assumption that reperfusion success after mechanical thrombectomy varies depending on the retrieval techniques applied; however, recent analyses have suggested that acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients showing susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) may respond differently. We aimed to compare different stent retriever (SR)-based thrombectomy techniques with respect to interventional outcome parameters depending on SVS status.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 497 patients treated with SR-based thrombectomy for anterior circulation AIS. Imaging was conducted using a 1.5 T or 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for the interaction of SVS status and first-line retrieval technique. Results are shown as percentages, total values or adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
An SVS was present in 87.9% (n = 437) of patients. First-line SR thrombectomy was used to treat 293 patients, whereas 204 patients were treated with a combined approach (COA) of SR and distal aspiration. An additional balloon-guide catheter (BGC) was used in 273 SR-treated (93.2%) and 89 COA-treated (43.6%) patients. On logistic regression analysis, the interaction variable of SVS status and first-line retrieval technique was not associated with first-pass reperfusion (aOR 1.736, 95% CI 0.491–6.136; p = 0.392), overall reperfusion (aOR 3.173, 95% CI 0.752–13.387; p = 0.116), periinterventional complications, embolization into new territories, or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. The use of BGC did not affect the results.

Conclusion
While previous analyses indicated that first-line SR thrombectomy may promise higher rates of reperfusion than contact aspiration in AIS patients with SVS, our data show no superiority of any particular SR-based retrieval technique regardless of SVS status.