bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planting seeds of change: reconceptualizing what people eat as eating practices and patterns
Authors: Olstad Dana Lee , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLanguage focused on individual dietary behaviors, or alternatively, lifestyle choices or decisions, suggests that what people eat and drink is primarily a choice that comes down to free will. Referring to and intervening upon food consumption as though it were a freely chosen behavior has an inherently logical appeal due to its simplicity and easily defined targets of intervention. However, despite decades of behavioral interventions, population-level patterns of food consumption remain suboptimal. This debate paper interrogates the manner in which language frames how problems related to poor diet quality are understood and addressed within society. We argue that referring to food consumption as a behavior conveys the idea that it is primarily a freely chosen act that can be ameliorated through imploring and educating individuals to make better selections. Leveraging practice theory, we subsequently propose that using the alternative language of eating practices and patterns better conveys the socially situated nature of food consumption. This language may therefore point to novel avenues for intervention beyond educating and motivating individuals to eat more healthfully, to instead focus on creating supportive contexts that enable sustained positive dietary change. Clearly, shifting discourse will not on its own transform the science and practice of nutrition. Nevertheless, the seeds of change may lie in aligning our terminology, and thus, our framing, with desired solutions.
Depicting developing trend and core knowledge of hip fracture research: a bibliometric and visualised analysis
Authors: Peng Guanrong , Guan Zhenhua , Hou Yunfei , Gao Jiaxiang , Rao Wenqun , Yuan Xianyun , Guo Jiusheng , Huang Xiaohua , Zhong Zhangrong , Lin Jianhao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Hip fracture is common and carries high morbidity and mortality; thus, it has become a vital concern. We aim to analyse the present status, worldwide trends in hip fracture and state of clinical research.

Methods
Publications from 2000 to 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science database and analysed using a bibliometric methodology. VOSviewer software was utilised for analysis.

Results
In total, 6139 publications were included, and publications increased annually from 152 in 2000 to 592 in 2019. U.S. researchers have produced the most publications, the highest H-index and the greatest number of citations. Osteoporosis International has published the most papers on the topic. Leading researchers, contributing institutions, their cooperative relationships and scientific masterpieces have been identified. The publications can be divided into five clusters: ‘mortality’, ‘surgical management’, ‘rehabilitation’, ‘osteoporosis’ and ‘epidemiology’. A clear developing trend was described, which began with fracture epidemiology and prevention, transitioned to perioperative management, orthogeriatric care and patient safety and then to functional recovery, disease burden and national audits in recent times.

Conclusions
Hip fractures result in conditions that extend far beyond orthopaedics concerning epidemiology and preventive medicine, internal medicine and endocrinology, as well as critical care and gerontology. Interest, research and publications are on the rise.
Geriatric screening, fall characteristics and 3- and 12 months adverse outcomes in older patients visiting the emergency department with a fall
Authors: Blomaard Laura C. , Mooijaart Simon P. , van Meer Leonie J. , Leander Julia , Lucke Jacinta A. , de Gelder Jelle , Anten Sander , Gussekloo Jacobijn , de Groot Bas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Falls in older Emergency Department (ED) patients may indicate underlying frailty. Geriatric follow-up might help improve outcomes in addition to managing the direct cause and consequence of the fall. We aimed to study whether fall characteristics and the result of geriatric screening in the ED are independently related to adverse outcomes in older patients with fall-related ED visits.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of the observational multicenter Acutely Presenting Older Patient (APOP) study, of which a subset of patients aged ≥70 years with fall-related ED visits were prospectively included in EDs of two Dutch hospitals. Fall characteristics (cause and location) were retrospectively collected. The APOP-screener was used as a geriatric screening tool. The outcome was 3- and 12-months functional decline and mortality. We assessed to what extent fall characteristics and the geriatric screening result were independent predictors of the outcome, using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
We included 393 patients (median age 80 (IQR 76–86) years) of whom 23.0% were high risk according to screening. The cause of the fall was extrinsic (49.6%), intrinsic (29.3%), unexplained (6.4%) or missing (14.8%). A high risk geriatric screening result was related to increased risk of adverse outcomes (3-months adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.27 (1.29–3.98), 12-months AOR 2.20 (1.25–3.89)). Independent of geriatric screening result, an intrinsic cause of the fall increased the risk of 3-months adverse outcomes (AOR 1.92 (1.13–3.26)) and a fall indoors increased the risk of 3-months (AOR 2.14 (1.22–3.74)) and 12-months adverse outcomes (AOR 1.78 (1.03–3.10)).

Conclusions
A high risk geriatric screening result and fall characteristics were both independently associated with adverse outcomes in older ED patients, suggesting that information on both should be evaluated to guide follow-up geriatric assessment and interventions in clinical care.
Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder-related stress reactivity in Indonesia PTSD patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Susanty Eka , Sijbrandij Marit , Srisayekti Wilis , Huizink Anja C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after exposure to a traumatic event. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based psychological treatment for PTSD. It is yet unclear whether eye movements also reduce stress reactivity in PTSD patients. This study aims to test whether eye movements, as provided during Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD), are more effective in reducing stress reactivity in PTSD patients as compared to a retrieval-only control condition.

Methods
The study includes participants who meet criteria of PTSD of the public psychological services in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. One hundred and ten participants are randomly assigned to either an (1) Eye Movement Desensitization group (n = 55) or (2) retrieval-only control group (n = 55). Participants are assessed at baseline (T0), post-treatment (T1), 1 month (T2), and at 3 months follow-up (T3). Participants are exposed to a script-driven imagery procedure at T0 and T1. The primary outcome is heart rate variability (HRV) stress reactivity during script-driven imagery. Secondary outcomes include heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), saliva cortisol levels, PTSD symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, symptoms of anxiety and depression, perceived stress level, and quality of life.

Discussion
If the EMD intervention is effective in reducing stress reactivity outcomes, this would give us more insight into the underlying mechanisms of EMDR’s effectiveness in PTSD symptom reduction.

Trial registration
ISRCTN registry ISRCTN55239132. Registered on 19 December 2017.
Iron incorporation both intra- and extra-cellularly improves the yield and saccharification of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass
Authors: Lin Chien-Yuan , Donohoe Bryon S. , Bomble Yannick J. , Yang Haibing , Yunes Manal , Sarai Nicholas S. , Shollenberger Todd , Decker Stephen R. , Chen Xiaowen , McCann Maureen C. , Tucker Melvin P. , Wei Hui , Himmel Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Pretreatments are commonly used to facilitate the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass to its component sugars and aromatics. Previously, we showed that iron ions can be used as co-catalysts to reduce the severity of dilute acid pretreatment of biomass. Transgenic iron-accumulating Arabidopsis and rice plants exhibited higher iron content in grains, increased biomass yield, and importantly, enhanced sugar release from the biomass.

Results
In this study, we used intracellular ferritin (FerIN) alone and in combination with an improved version of cell wall-bound carbohydrate-binding module fused iron-binding peptide (IBPex) specifically targeting switchgrass, a bioenergy crop species. The FerIN switchgrass improved by 15% in height and 65% in yield, whereas the FerIN/IBPex transgenics showed enhancement up to 30% in height and 115% in yield. The FerIN and FerIN/IBPex switchgrass had 27% and 51% higher in planta iron accumulation than the empty vector (EV) control, respectively, under normal growth conditions. Improved pretreatability was observed in FerIN switchgrass (~ 14% more glucose release than the EV), and the FerIN/IBPex plants showed further enhancement in glucose release up to 24%.

Conclusions
We conclude that this iron-accumulating strategy can be transferred from model plants and applied to bioenergy crops, such as switchgrass. The intra- and extra-cellular iron incorporation approach improves biomass pretreatability and digestibility, providing upgraded feedstocks for the production of biofuels and bioproducts.
Using techno-economic modelling to determine the minimum cost possible for a microbial palm oil substitute
Authors: Karamerou Eleni E. , Parsons Sophie , McManus Marcelle C. , Chuck Christopher J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Heterotrophic single-cell oils (SCOs) are one potential replacement to lipid-derived biofuels sourced from first-generation crops such as palm oil. However, despite a large experimental research effort in this area, there are only a handful of techno-economic modelling publications. As such, there is little understanding of whether SCOs are, or could ever be, a potential competitive replacement. To help address this question, we designed a detailed model that coupled a hypothetical heterotroph (using the very best possible biological lipid production) with the largest and most efficient chemical plant design possible.

Results
Our base case gave a lipid selling price of $1.81/kg for ~ 8,000 tonnes/year production, that could be reduced to $1.20/kg on increasing production to ~ 48,000 tonnes of lipid a year. A range of scenarios to further reduce this cost were then assessed, including using a thermotolerant strain (reducing the cost from $1.20 to $1.15/kg), zero-cost electricity ($ 1.12/kg), using non-sterile conditions ($1.19/kg), wet extraction of lipids ($1.16/kg), continuous production of extracellular lipid ($0.99/kg) and selling the whole yeast cell, including recovering value for the protein and carbohydrate ($0.81/kg). If co-products were produced alongside the lipid then the price could be effectively reduced to $0, depending on the amount of carbon funnelled away from lipid production, as long as the co-product could be sold in excess of $1/kg.

Conclusions
The model presented here represents an ideal case that which while not achievable in reality, importantly would not be able to be improved on, irrespective of the scientific advances in this area. From the scenarios explored, it is possible to produce lower cost SCOs, but research must start to be applied in three key areas, firstly designing products where the whole cell is used. Secondly, further work on the product systems that produce lipids extracellularly in a continuous processing methodology or finally that create an effective biorefinery designed to produce a low molecular weight, bulk chemical, alongside the lipid. All other research areas will only ever give incremental gains rather than leading towards an economically competitive, sustainable, microbial oil.
Genome-wide epistasis analysis for Alzheimer’s disease and implications for genetic risk prediction
Authors: Wang Hui , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. , Zhang Qing-Ye , Zhang Hong-Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified by genome-wide association studies only explain part of the heritability of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epistasis has been considered as one of the main causes of “missing heritability” in AD.

Methods
We performed genome-wide epistasis screening (N = 10,389) for the clinical diagnosis of AD using three popularly adopted methods. Subsequent analyses were performed to eliminate spurious associations caused by possible confounding factors. Then, candidate genetic interactions were examined for their co-expression in the brains of AD patients and analyzed for their association with intermediate AD phenotypes. Moreover, a new approach was developed to compile the epistasis risk factors into an epistasis risk score (ERS) based on multifactor dimensional reduction. Two independent datasets were used to evaluate the feasibility of ERSs in AD risk prediction.

Results
We identified 2 candidate genetic interactions with PFDR <  0.05 (RAMP3-SEMA3A and NSMCE1-DGKE/C17orf67) and another 5 genetic interactions with PFDR <  0.1. Co-expression between the identified interactions supported the existence of possible biological interactions underlying the observed statistical significance. Further association of candidate interactions with intermediate phenotypes helps explain the mechanisms of neuropathological alterations involved in AD. Importantly, we found that ERSs can identify high-risk individuals showing earlier onset of AD. Combined risk scores of SNPs and SNP-SNP interactions showed slightly but steadily increased AUC in predicting the clinical status of AD.

Conclusions
In summary, we performed a genome-wide epistasis analysis to identify novel genetic interactions potentially implicated in AD. We found that ERS can serve as an indicator of the genetic risk of AD.
Finite difference scheme for singularly perturbed reaction diffusion problem of partial delay differential equation with nonlocal boundary condition
Authors: Elango Sekar , Tamilselvan Ayyadurai , Vadivel R. , Gunasekaran Nallappan , Zhu Haitao , Cao Jinde , Li Xiaodi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates singularly perturbed parabolic partial differential equations with delay in space, and the right end plane is an integral boundary condition on a rectangular domain. A small parameter is multiplied in the higher order derivative, which gives boundary layers, and due to the delay term, one more layer occurs on the rectangle domain. A numerical method comprising the standard finite difference scheme on a rectangular piecewise uniform mesh (Shishkin mesh) of$N_{r} \times N_{t}$Nr×Ntelements condensing in the boundary layers is suggested, and it is proved to be parameter-uniform. Also, the order of convergence is proved to be almost two in space variable and almost one in time variable. Numerical examples are proposed to validate the theory.
Very broadband strain-rate measurements along a submarine fiber-optic cable off Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, Japan
Authors: Ide Satoshi , Araki Eiichiro , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new method that measures the strain change along a fiber-optic cable and has emerged as a promising geophysical application across a wide range of research and monitoring. Here we present the results of DAS observations from a submarine cable offshore Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, western Japan. The observed signal amplitude varies widely among the DAS channels, even over short distances of only ~ 100 m, which is likely attributed to the differences in cable-seafloor coupling due to complex bathymetry along the cable route. Nevertheless, the noise levels at the well-coupled channels of DAS are almost comparable to those observed at nearby permanent ocean-bottom seismometers, suggesting that the cable has the ability to detect nearby micro earthquakes and even tectonic tremors. Many earthquakes were observed during the 5-day observation period, with the minimum and maximum detectable events being a local M1.1 event 30–50 km from the cable and a teleseismic Mw7.7 event that occurred in Cuba, respectively. Temperature appears to exert a greater control on the DAS signal than real strain in the quasi-static, sub-seismic range, where we can regard our DAS record as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) record, and detected many rapid temperature change events migrating along the cable: a small number of large migration events (up to 10 km in 6 h) associated with rapid temperature decreases, and many small-scale events (both rising and falling temperatures). These events may reflect oceanic internal surface waves and deep-ocean water mixing processes that are the result of ocean current–tidal interactions along an irregular seafloor boundary.
Weakly interacting disordered Bose gases out of equilibrium: From multiple scattering to superfluidity
(a)
Authors: Scoquart T. , Larré P.-É. , Delande D. , Cherroret N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We explore the quench dynamics of a two-dimensional, weakly interacting disordered Bose gas for various relative strengths of interactions and disorder. This allows us to identify two well distinct out-of-equilibrium regimes. When interactions are smaller than the disorder, the gas experiences multiple scattering and exhibits a short-range spatial coherence. At short time this coherence is only smoothly affected by interactions, via a diffusion process of the particles' energies. When interactions are larger than the disorder, scattering ceases and the gas behaves more and more like a fluid, ultimately like a superfluid at low energy. In the superfluid regime, the gas exhibits a long-range algebraic coherence, characteristic of a pre-thermal regime in disorder.
Distinct evolution of charge occupations on Fe 3d orbitals in hole-doped iron arsenic superconductors
Authors: Ding Ming-Cui , Wu Li-Min , Zhao Gang , Pan Bing-Ying , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
First-principles calculations are performed to study the hole doping effect in a series of iron arsenic superconductors, such as the undoped CaFe2As2, CaFeAsF, and the hole-doped CaKFe4As4, KCa2Fe4As4F2, and KFe2As2. Charge occupations in the Fe 3d orbitals are found to show opposite variations when the filling is changed. Compared with the undoped CaFe2As2 and CaFeAsF, charges of the

and

orbitals decrease while those of the

and d

xy
orbitals increase in the hole-doped materials CaKFe4As4, KCa2Fe4As4F2 and KFe2As2. By further analyzing the Pauli susceptibilities of CaFe2As2 and CaFeAsF, instability is found at the wave vector of

, which is responsible for the stripe type antiferromagnetic order. In contrast, the Pauli susceptibilities of CaKFe4As4 and KCa2Fe4As4F2 at

are strongly suppressed while the instabilities remain around

, which may be the origin of superconductivity. Combining with the calculated orbital-resolved Pauli susceptibility, we conclude that hole doping mainly results in a decrease of charge occupations in the

and

orbitals, and these three orbitals play dominant roles in controlling the magnetic and superconducting properties in these iron-based superconductors.
Tunable ultrasharp terahertz plasma edge in a lightly doped narrow-gap semiconductor
Authors: Ju Xuewei , Hu Zhiqiang , Huang Feng , Wu Haibin , Belyanin Alexey , Kono Junichiro , Wang Xiangfeng 
Published: March 2021

Plasma edges in metals typically occur in the visible range, producing characteristic colors of metals. In a lightly doped semiconductor, the plasma edge can occur in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. Due to low scattering rates and variable electron densities in semiconductors, such THz plasma edges can be extremely sharp and greatly tunable. Here, we show that an ultrasharp THz plasma edge exists in a lightly n-doped InSb crystal with a record-high transmittance slope of 80 dB/THz. The frequency at which this sharp edge happens can be readily tuned by changing the temperature, electron density, scattering rate, and sample thickness. The edge frequency exhibited a surprising increase with decreasing temperature below 15 K, which we explain as a result of a weak-to-strong transition in the scattering rate, going from ωτ  ≫ 1 to ωτ ∼ 1. These results indicate that doped narrow-gap semiconductors provide a versatile platform for manipulating THz waves in a controllable manner, especially as a high-pass filter with an unprecedented on/off ratio.
Wide-range optical fiber temperature sensor based on up-conversion luminescent nanocrystals
Authors: Yu Shiqi , Qian Chunya , Zhou Qi , Wang Lujie , Xiao Hui , Ye Song , Li Xuefeng 
Published: March 2021

In this study, an optical fiber temperature sensor based on up-conversion luminescence (UCL) is proposed. The core part is a new plan of the sensing unit, which is constructed with UCL materials of

N
a
Y
F

4

:

Y
b

3
+

,

E
r

3
+

nanocrystals by fiber fusion technology to achieve a wide range of temperature measurements. Experimental results show that the proposed optical fiber temperature sensor shows significant spectrum-temperature characteristics in 80–373 K temperature range. Its relative sensitivities at low temperature and normal temperature are

2.2

×

10

−
3

/

K

with a determination coefficient of 0.957 and

9.1

×

10

−
3

/

K

with a determination coefficient of 0.994, respectively. This type of sensor also has good mechanical strength and system stability and shows great potential for development, particularly in the aerospace field with large temperature differences.