bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV-activated permanganate process for micro-organic pollutant degradation: efficiency, mechanism and influencing factors
Authors: Ye Miaomiao , Li Chengzhuo , Liu Xiaowei , Wang Lili , Chen Rong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Ultraviolet-activated permanganate (UV/PM) process is a novel advanced oxidation process (AOP), but its application potential remains to be evaluated. This work investigates the degradation of refractory organic pollutant by UV/PM in terms of efficiency, mechanism, and influencing factors. The target compound benzoic acid (BA), which is a micro-organic pollutant and is resistant to PM and UV treatment, can be efficiently degraded by UV/PM. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra directly supported the formation of hydroxyl radical (HO•) and superoxide radical from UV photolysis of PM. Competitive kinetics experiments verified that acted as precursor of HO• and the good degradation performance of BA was due to the involvement of HO• and manganese(V). The rate constants of BA degradation showed a positive linear relationship with PM dosage in the range of 0.5–20 mg·L−1, and the degradation process was significantly influenced by solution pH and natural organic matters but insensitive to chloride and bicarbonate at environmentally relevant concentrations. Compared to the typical UV-based AOP UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/PM is a little inferior, indicating that optimization and enhancement is needed for this process before its possible practical application.
Evaluation of advanced phosphorus removal from slaughterhouse wastewater using industrial waste-based adsorbents
Authors: Sun Shengdan , Feng Chuanping , Tong Shuang , Zhao Yan , Chen Nan , Zhu Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) contains high concentrations of phosphorus (P) and is considered as a principal industrial contaminant that causes eutrophication. This study developed two kinds of economical P removal adsorbents using flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) as the main raw material and bentonite, clay, steel slag and fly ash as the additives. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent composed of 60% FGDG, 20% steel slag, and 20% fly ash (DSGA2) was found to be 15.85 mg P/g, which was 19 times that of the adsorbent synthesized using 60% FGDG, 30% bentonite, and 10% clay (DSGA1) (0.82 mg P/g). Surface adsorption, internal diffusion, and ionic dissolution co-existed in the P removal process. The adsorption capacity of DSGA2 (2.50 mg P/g) was also evaluated in column experiments. The removal efficiency was determined to be higher than 92% in the first 5 days, while the corresponding effluent concentration was lower than the Chinese upcoming SWW discharge limit of 2 mg P/L. Compared with DSGA1, DSGA2 (synthesized from various industrial wastes) showed obvious advantages in improving adsorption capacity of P. The results showed that DSGA2 is a promising adsorbent for the advanced removal of P from SWW in practical applications.
Electrostatic Potential Energy in Protein-Drug Complexes
Authors: Bitencourt-Ferreira Gabriela , de Azevedo Junior Walter Filgueira 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Electrostatic interactions are one of the forces guiding the binding of molecules to proteins. The assessment of this interaction through computational approaches makes it possible to evaluate the energy of protein-drug complexes.

Objective:
Our purpose here is to review some the of methods used to calculate the electrostatic energy of protein-drug complexes and explore the capacity of these approaches for the generation of new computational tools for drug discovery using the abstraction of scoring function space.

Method:
Here we present an overview of AutoDock4 semi-empirical scoring function used to calculate binding affinity for protein-drug complexes. We focus our attention on electrostatic interactions and how to explore recently published results to increase the predictive performance of the computational models to estimate the energetics of protein-drug interactions. Public data available at Binding MOAD, BindingDB, and PDBbind were used to review the predictive performance of different approaches to predict binding affinity.

Results:
A comprehensive outline of the scoring function used to evaluate potential energy available in docking programs is presented. Recent developments of computational models to predict protein-drug energetics were able to create targeted-scoring functions to predict binding to these proteins. These targeted models outperform classical scoring functions and highlight the importance of electrostatic interactions in the definition of the binding.

Conclusion:
Here, we reviewed the development of scoring functions to predict binding affinity through the application of a semi-empirical free energy scoring function. Our studies show the superior predictive performance of machine learning models when compared with classical scoring functions and the importance of electrostatic interactions for binding affinity.
Isosteviol Protects H9c2 Cells Against Hypoxia-reoxygenation by Activating ERK1/2
Authors: Abdul Khaja S.M. , Faiz Neha , Jovanović Aleksandar , Tan Wen 
Published: February 2021

Aims:
In the present study, we have investigated the cardioprotective properties of
Isosteviol (STV) under conditions of hypoxia-reoxygenation and elucidated the underlying mechanism.

Background:
In our previous studies, we have determined that STV exhibits neuro- and cardio-protective
properties. However, the mechanism underlying STV-induced cardioprotection has not yet
been fully understood.

Methods:
All experiments were performed on rat heart embryonic H9c2 cell line. To induce hypoxia-
reoxygenation, cells were exposed to 1% oxygen (in no glucose and no sodium pyruvate
DMEM) following by reoxygenation (using fully supplemented MEM). Cells viability was tested
by MTT assay, and protein levels were compared by Western blotting.

Results:
Treatment of heart embryonic H9c2 cells with STV (10 μM) significantly increased the
survival of cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. STV (10 μM) activated ERK1/2 and DRP1 in
hypoxia-reoxygenation, but did not have any effects on ERK1/2 or DRP1 in normoxia. STV (10
μM) did not regulate CAMKII, AKT or AMPK signaling pathways.

Conclusions:
Taken all together, our findings demonstrate that 1) STV protects H9c2 cells against
hypoxia-reoxygenation and that 2) this effect is mediated via ERK1/2. The property of STV that selectively
activates ERK1/2 in cells exposed to stress, but not in cells under non-stress conditions,
makes this compound a promising candidate-drug for therapy against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
in clinical practice.
Quality of Life in Oral Submucous Fibrosis- A Case Report with a Literature Review
Authors: Shetty Shishir Ram , Reddy Sesha , Adtani Pooja Narain , Shetty Raghavendra , Lakshminarayanan Ashwin , Khazi Shakeel Santerbennur , Vannala Venkata Ramana 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder commonly found in the Southeast Asian region, classically characterized through restricted mouth opening and burning sensation in the mouth on consuming spicy food. The etiopathogenesis and treatment aspects of OSMF have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, the effect of this condition on the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients has not gained much consideration. The aim of our case report is to highlight the importance of evaluating the QoL in an OSMF patient by using discipline-specific questionnaire and also to present to the readers a review of the recently published research articles on the application of QoL questionnaires in OSMF patients.

Results:
It was observed that most of the researchers used generic and discipline-specific questionnaire for evaluating the quality of life in OSMF patients.

Conclusion:
Evaluation of QoL is recommended during the treatment of OSMF patients. There is a need to develop and employ more of disease-specific QoL instruments for OSMF patients.
Effect of Finishing and Polishing on The Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composites
Authors: Aljamhan Abdullah , Habib Syed Rashid , AlSarhan Mohammed A. , AlZahrani Bashayer , AlOtaibi Hessa , AlSunaidi Norah 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of three finishing/polishing systems on the surface roughness (Ra) of conventional and Bulk-fill composite resins.

Materials and methods:
The Ra values of three different brands of Bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk-fill®, 3M ESPE; SonicFill Bulk-fill®, Kerr; SDR Bulk-fill®, Dentsply) were tested and compared with the Ra of a conventional composite (Filtek XT Z350®, 3M ESPE). A total of 30 discs (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated from four test materials and divided into three groups (n = 10/group) depending on the three finishing/polishing systems used (Astropol®, Ivoclar Vivadent; PoGo®, Dentsply; Sof-LexTM®, 3M ESPE). The Ra of each specimen was recorded with an optical profilometer (Contour-GT-X®, USA). ANOVA and Tukey’s tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the Ra values of all composite materials tested with three finishing/polishing systems. Among composite materials, only Group-III showed a significant difference (P = 0.003) in Ra obtained using all three finishing/polishing systems. SDR Bulk-fill® and Filtek XT Z350® showed the highest (0.810 ± 0.373 µm) and lowest (0.365 ± 0.119 µm) Ra values, respectively. Individually, the highest Ra was recorded for SDR Bulk-fill® when it was finished/polished with the Astropol® system. SonicFill Bulk-fill® and SDR Bulk-fill® composites exhibited the lowest Ra values when they were finished with the PoGo® system.

Conclusion:
Finishing and polishing techniques greatly affect the surface roughness of different Bulk-fill composites because variations in the surface roughness were observed for all tested composite materials. Filtek XT Z350® exhibited the lowest surface roughness, while SDR Bulk-fill® exhibited the highest surface roughness among the tested composite materials.
Islamic-based Disaster Response Competencies: Perceptions, Roles and Barriers Perceived by Nurses in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Husna Cut , Yahya Mustanir , Kamil Hajjul , Tahlil Teuku 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:Indonesia, being a part of the Pacific “ring of fire,” is prone to disasters. Several disasters occurred from 2004 to 2019, which resulted in the loss of many lives. These disasters impacted the physical, psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual conditions of survivors. Nurses are the frontline care providers who need adequate competencies to respond to disasters.Objective:This study aimed to explore the nurses’ perception of disaster, roles, barriers, and Islamic-based nurses’ competencies in managing psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual problems due to disasters in hospital settings.Methods:This is a qualitative study conducted in three large referral hospitals in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Focus group discussion was conducted on 24 nurses from three hospitals using the discussion guide consisting of five open-ended questions. The data was analyzed through inductive content analysis.Results:The study found four themes of Islamic nurses’ competencies in disaster response: 1) perception about the disaster is influenced by religiosity, belief, and values, 2) communication skills, 3) nurses’ roles in disaster response consisted of disaster competencies (the use of Islamic values in managing patients’ conditions, and family engagement, 4) competency barriers consisted of inadequate training, insufficient Islamic-based services, and inadequate involvement of policymakers. This study explored Islamic nurses’ competencies in disaster response related perceptions about the disaster, nurses’ roles, and barriers. The limitation and future of the study were also discussed.Conclusion:Perceptions, roles, and barriers in disaster response might influence the development of the Islamic-based nurses’ competencies in care delivery.
Exploration of Epigenetic State Hyperdopaminergia (Surfeit) and Genetic Trait Hypodopaminergia (Deficit) during Adolescent Brain Development
Authors: Blum Kenneth , Bowirrat Abdalla , Lewis Marjorie C.G. , Simpatico Thomas A. , Ceccanti Mauro , Steinberg Bruce , Modestino Edward J. , Thanos Panayotis K. , Baron David , McLaughlin Thomas , Brewer Raymond , Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , Ponce Jessica V. , Lott Lisa , Gold Mark S. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The risk for all addictive drug and non-drug behaviors, especially, in the
unmyelinated Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) of adolescents, is important and complex. Many animal and
human studies show the epigenetic impact on the developing brain in adolescents, compared to
adults. Some reveal an underlying hyperdopaminergia that seems to set our youth up for risky behaviors
by inducing high quanta pre-synaptic dopamine release at reward site neurons. In addition,
altered reward gene expression in adolescents caused epigenetically by social defeat, like bullying,
can continue into adulthood. In contrast, there is also evidence that epigenetic events can elicit adolescent
hypodopaminergia. This complexity suggests that neuroscience cannot make a definitive
claim that all adolescents carry a hyperdopaminergia trait.

Objective:
The primary issue involves the question of whether there exists a mixed hypo or hyper -
dopaminergia in this population.

Methods:
Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS®) testing was carried out of 24 Caucasians of ages
12-19, derived from families with RDS.

Results:
We have found that adolescents from this cohort, derived from RDS parents, displayed a
high risk for any addictive behavior (a hypodopaminergia), especially, drug-seeking (95%) and alcohol-
seeking (64%).

Conclusion:
The adolescents in our study, although more work is required, show a hypodopaminergic
trait, derived from a family with Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Certainly, in future
studies, we will analyze GARS in non-RDS Caucasians between the ages of 12-19. The suggestion
is first to identify risk alleles with the GARS test and, then, use well-researched precision, pro-dopamine
neutraceutical regulation. This “two-hit” approach might prevent tragic fatalities among
adolescents, in the face of the American opioid/psychostimulant epidemic.
Telemetric Interventions Offer New Opportunities for Managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Meta-review
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Stichling Stefanie 
Published: February 2021

Background
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Simultaneously, technological advances are offering new opportunities for better management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Telemetry, the remote acquisition of patient data via a telecommunication system, is a promising field of application in eHealth and is rapidly gaining importance.

Objective
The aim of this study was to summarize the current evidences available on the effectiveness of telemetric approaches in T1DM management. This systematic meta-review examined different types of interventions of the technologies used in communication between health care professionals and patients as well as the key outcomes.

Methods
We performed a systematic search in Web of Science Core Collection, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, and CINAHL databases in April 2020 with regard to the effectiveness of telemetric interventions for T1DM. We classified the interventions into 4 categories according to the technology used: (1) real-time video communication, (2) real-time audio communication, (3) asynchronous communication, and (4) combined forms of communication (real-time and asynchronous). We considered various study designs such as systematic reviews, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials and focused on the key outcomes. Additionally, a funnel plot based on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values and different quality assessments were performed.

Results
We identified 17 (6 high quality and 9 moderate quality) eligible publications: randomized controlled trials (n=9), systematic reviews and meta-analyses (n=5), cohort studies (n=2), and qualitative publications (n=1). Of 12 studies, 8 (67%) indicated a (significant or nonsignificant) reduction in HbA1c levels; 65% (11/17) of the studies reported overall (mildly) positive effects of telemetric interventions by addressing all the measured outcomes. Asynchronous interventions were the most successful for patients diagnosed with T1DM, but no technology was clearly superior. However, there were many nonsignificant results and not sustained effects, and in some studies, the control group benefited from telemetric support or increased frequency of contacts.

Conclusions
Based on the currently available literature, this systematic meta-review shows that telemetric interventions cause significant reduction in HbA1c levels and result in overall positive effects in T1DM management. However, more specified effects of telemetric approaches in T1DM management should be analyzed in detail in larger cohorts.
Virtual Reality Self-help Treatment for Aviophobia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fehribach Jamie Rhiannon , Toffolo Marieke Bianca Jolien , Cornelisz Ilja , van Klaveren Chris , van Straten Annemieke , van Gelder Jean-Louis , Donker Tara 
Published: February 2021

Background
Aviophobia (the fear of flying) can greatly impact the daily life functioning of people with the condition. Traditional exposure-based treatment is hampered by the limited availability of airplane practice situations, which is a result of economical and practical concerns. Easily accessible and low-cost virtual reality exposure therapy may address these challenges.

Objective
The purpose of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of ZeroPhobia: Aviophobia (a self-help mobile app–based treatment) in reducing flight anxiety symptoms and depressive and anxiety symptoms. We will also investigate the effects of usage intensity, the sense of immersion, inherent absorption ability, and perceived user-friendliness on the treatment effect.

Methods
Participants (N=114) who are aged 18-64 years and experience at least mild symptoms of aviophobia will be recruited from the general Dutch population and randomized into a treatment group or waitlist control group. By using their own phones and rudimentary mobile virtual reality headsets, participants will receive six modules of psychoeducation and cognitive behavioral therapy, which will include six levels of virtual reality exposure therapy over a period of 6 weeks. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, posttest (ie, after 6 weeks), and 3- and 12-month follow-ups. The primary outcome measure of our study is the Flight Anxiety Situations Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measures include anxiety and depression measures and additional covariates (including usage intensity, the degree of immersion, etc). We will test treatment effectiveness by conducting an intention-to-treat analysis and estimating average treatment effects on the treated. The mechanisms of treatment effect will also be explored.

Results
The study was funded on September 25, 2018. Ethical approval was received on October 11, 2019. Recruitment closed on May 7, 2020.

Conclusions
Our study will further the scientific understanding and clinical implications of technology’s current ability to aid in providing effective, accessible treatment for the fear of flying.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Registry NL70238.029.19; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8257.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/22008
Minimizing the Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Oncology Clinical Trials: Retrospective Study of Beijing Cancer Hospital
Authors: Fu Zhiying , Jiang Min , Wang Kun , Li Jian 
Published: February 2021

Background
In view of repeated COVID-19 outbreaks in most countries, clinical trials will continue to be conducted under outbreak prevention and control measures for the next few years. It is very significant to explore an optimal clinical trial management model during the outbreak period to provide reference and insight for other clinical trial centers worldwide.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the management strategies used to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on oncology clinical trials.

Methods
We implemented a remote management model to maintain clinical trials conducted at Beijing Cancer Hospital, which realized remote project approval, remote initiation, remote visits, remote administration and remote monitoring to get through two COVID-19 outbreaks in the capital city from February to April and June to July 2020. The effectiveness of measures was evaluated as differences in rates of protocol compliance, participants lost to follow-up, participant withdrawal, disease progression, participant mortality, and detection of monitoring problems.

Results
During the late of the first outbreak, modifications were made in trial processing, participant management and quality control, which allowed the hospital to ensure the smooth conduct of 572 trials, with a protocol compliance rate of 85.24% for 3718 participants across both outbreaks. No COVID-19 infections were recorded among participants or trial staff, and no major procedural errors occurred between February and July 2020. These measures led to significantly higher rates of protocol compliance and significantly lower rates of loss to follow-up or withdrawal after the second outbreak than after the first, without affecting rates of disease progression or mortality. The hospital provided trial sponsors with a remote monitoring system in a timely manner, and 3820 trial issues were identified.

Conclusions
When public health emergencies occur, an optimal clinical trial model combining on-site and remote management could guarantee the health care and treatment needs of clinical trial participants, in which remote management plays a key role.
A VIKOR AND TOPSIS FOCUSED REANALYSIS OF THE MADM METHODS BASED ON LOGARITHMIC NORMALIZATION
Authors: Hashemkhani Zolfani Sarfaraz , Yazdani Morteza , Pamucar Dragan , Zarate Pascale 
Published: February 2021

Decision and policy-makers in multi-criteria decision-making analysis take into account some strategies in order to analyze outcomes and to finally make an effective and more precise decision. Among those strategies, the modification of the normalization process in the multiple-criteria decision-making algorithm is still a question due to the confrontation of many normalization tools. Normalization is the basic action in defining and solving a MADM problem and a MADM model. Normalization is the first, also necessary, step in solving, i.e. the application of a MADM method. It is a fact that the selection of normalization methods has a direct effect on the results. One of the latest normalization methods introduced is the Logarithmic Normalization (LN) method. This new method has a distinguished advantage, reflecting in that a sum of the normalized values of criteria always equals 1. This normalization method had never been applied in any MADM methods before. This research study is focused on the analysis of the classical MADM methods based on logarithmic normalization. VIKOR and TOPSIS, as the two famous MADM methods, were selected for this reanalysis research study. Two numerical examples were checked in both methods, based on both the classical and the novel ways based on the LN. The results indicate that there are differences between the two approaches. Eventually, a sensitivity analysis is also designed to illustrate the reliability of the final results.