bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated Annealing Algorithm-Based Inversion Model To Interpret Flow Rate Profiles and Fracture Parameters for Horizontal Wells in Unconventional Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Luo Hongwen , Li Ying , Li Haitao , Cui Xiaojiang , Chen Zhangxin 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWith the increasing application of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in downhole monitoring for multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs), well performance interpretation by inversing DTS data has become a popular topic around the world. However, because of the lack of efficient inversion models, great challenges still exist in interpreting flow rate profiles and fracture parameters for MFHWs in unconventional gas reservoirs from DTS data.In this paper, a robust inversion system is developed to interpret flow rate profiles and fracture parameters for MFHWs in unconventional gas reservoirs by inversion of DTS data. A temperature prediction model serves as a forward model to simulate the temperature behaviors of MFHWs. A new inversion model based on a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is proposed to find inversion solutions to flow rate profiles and fracture parameters. The simulated results of temperature behaviors indicate that the temperature profile of each MFHW is irregularly serrated, and the temperature drop in each serration is positively correlated with the inflow rate and fracture half-length. These results provide an excellent method to identify and locate effective hydraulic fractures for field MFHWs. Because of the far more significant influence of fracture half-length than conductivity on a temperature profile, fracture half-length was chosen as the inversion target parameter when performing the inversion of DTS data for MFHWs. Then a synthetic inversion task was accomplished using the SA algorithm-based inversion system, and it took only 110 iterations to reach the target inversion accuracy (10−6 level). Real-time inversion error distributions indicate that this novel inversion system shows great advantages in computational efficiency. Finally, a field application in a shale gas reservoir is presented to validate the reliability of the new inversion model. Based on accurate identification of effective fractures from DTS profiles, satisfactory inversion solutions (the maximum temperature deviation of less than 0.03 K) are obtained. The absolute error of the inversed gas production rate is less than 4 m3/d. The SA algorithm-based inversion system proves reliable to interpret flow rate profiles and fracture parameters, which is a great help to postfracturing evaluation and productivity improvement for MFHWs in unconventional gas reservoirs.
Deep seismic faulting triggered by nano-crystallization of wadsleyite from olivine
Authors: Ohuchi Tomohiro , Higo Yuji , Tange Yoshinori , Sakai Takeshi , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Activity of deep earthquakes, which increases with depth from ~400 km to a peak at ~600 km and abruptly decreases to zero at 680 km, is enigmatic, because brittle failure is unlikely to occur under the corresponding pressures of 13−24 GPa. It has been suggested that pressure-induced phase transformations of olivine in subducted slabs are responsible for occurrence of the deep earthquakes, based on deformation experiments under pressure. However, most experiments were made using analogue materials of mantle olivine and at pressures below ~5 GPa, which are not applicable directly to the actual slabs. Here we report the results of deformation experiments combined with in situ X-ray observations and acoustic emission measurements on (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine at 11−17 GPa and 960−1250 K. We find that shear cracking followed by rapid formation of nano-crystalline wadsleyite on the crack surface is essential for the occurrence of faulting, which is observed only at temperatures around 1160 K. The faulting is accompanied by intense acoustic emissions and partial melting, which is likely to be induced by rapid sliding and adiabatic shear heating along the weak layer of nano-crystalline wadsleyite. In contrast, the olivine to ringwoodite transformation in (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine would not cause such faulting because of the slow diffusion creep of ultrafine-grained ringwoodite. Our findings suggest the transformational faulting occurs on the surface of the metastable olivine wedge in subducted slabs, leading to deep earthquakes in the limited depth range.
An Investigation Into the Beneficial Effects of High-Dose Interferon beta 1-a, Compared to Low-Dose Interferon Beta 1-a (the base therapeutic regimen) in moderate to severe COVID-19
Authors: Darazam Ilad Alavi , Hatami Firouze , Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Shabani Minoosh , Shokouhi Shervin , Moradi Omid , Gharehbagh Farid Javandoust , Mirtalaee Nasrinsadat , Negahban Halimeh , Amirdosara Mahdi , Zangi Masoud , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Kazempour Muhanna , Shafigh Navid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a serious obstacle in front of public health. Interferon-beta 1a (IFN-β 1a) has been used to treat patients with COVID-19. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of high-dose IFN-β 1a compared to low dose IFN-β 1a in moderate to severe COVID-19 cases.Methods: In this randomized, controlled, and clinical trial, eligible patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were randomly assigned to receive one of the two following therapeutic regimens: The intervention group was treated with high-dose IFN-β 1a (Recigen) (Subcutaneous injections of 88μg (24,000 IU) on days 1, 3, 6) + lopinavir /ritonavir (Kaletra) and the control group was treated with low-dose IFN-β 1a (Recigen) (Subcutaneous injections of 44μg (12,000 IU) on days 1, 3, 6) + lopinavir /ritonavir (Kaletra) (400mg/100 mg twice a day for 10 days, orally, in two groups). Result: A total of 168 COVID- 19 confirmed patients underwent randomization; 83 were assigned to the intervention group and 85 were assigned to the control group. Median Time To Clinical Improvement (TTIC) for cases treated with low-dose IFN-β1a was shorter than that for cases treated with high-dose IFN-β1a (6 vs10 days). Due to differences between some baseline clinical factors between intervention and control group, we performed an adjusted analysis. The model failed to reach a significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: The use of high-dose IFN-β 1a did not improve TTCI in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Also, it did not have any significant effect on mortality reduction compared with treating with low-dose IFN-β 1a.Trial registration: The trial was confirmed by the Ethics in Medical Research Committee of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Signed informed consents were obtained from all the participants or their legally authorized representatives. This trial has been registered as ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04521400.
Selection of the Fusion and Fixation Range in the Intervertebral Surgery to Correct Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Tuberculosis：A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Yang Zongqiang , Liu Changhao , Niu Ningkui , Tang Jing , Shi Jiandang , Wang Zili , Ding Huiqiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background To compare the diseased verses the non-diseased intervertebral surgery used in the treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar spinal tuberculosis and to explore the best choice of fusion of fixation range.Methods 221 patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar tuberculosis were categorized into two groups. 118 patients underwent the diseased intervertebral surgery (lesion vertebral pedicle fixation, Group A) and 103 patients underwent the non-diseased intervertebral surgery (1 or 2 vertebral fixation above and below the affected vertebra, group B). Spinal tuberculosis diagnosis was confirmed in both groups of patients before lesion removal, bone graft fusion, and internal fixation. Clinical data and efficacy of the two surgical methods were then evaluated. Results The mean follow-up duration for both procedures was 65 months (50-68 months range). There were no significant differences in laboratory examinations,VAS scores, and the Cobb angle correction rate and the angle loss. However, significant differences existed in the operation time, blood loss, serosanguineous drainage volume, and blood transfusion requirement between the two groups. The diseased intervertebral surgery group performed significantly better than the non-diseased intervertebral surgery group in all of these areas. In both cases, the bone graft fused completely with the normal bone by the last follow-up, occuring at 50-86 months post surgery.Conclusion The diseased intervertebral surgery is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of thoracolumbar and lumbar tuberculosis. It effectively restores the physiological curvature of the spine and reduces the degeneration of adjacent vertebral bodies in the spinal column.
Behaviour Learning System for Robot Soccer Using Neural Network
Authors: Tominaga Moeko , Takemura Yasunori , Ishii Kazuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Technological developments have raised the promise of a human{robot symbiotic society. A soccer game has characteristics similar to those expected in such a society. Soccer is a multiagent game in which the strategy employed depends on each agent's position and actions. This study discusses the results of the development of a learning system that uses a self-organising map to select behaviours depending on the situation. This system can reproduce the action selection algorithm of all players in a certain team, and the robot can instantly select the next cooperative action from the information obtained during the game. In this manner, common sense rules can be shared to learn an action selection algorithm for a set of both human and robot agents as opposed to robots alone.
The Association Between Maternal Cytomegalovirus Urinary Excretion and Congenital Infection Rate
Authors: Zlatkin Rita , Bilavsky Efraim , Pardo Joseph , Salman Lina , Bardin Ron , Hadar Eran , Shmueli Anat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vertical transmission occurs predominantly during primary maternal infection. There are no known non-invasive methods for diagnosis of fetal infection before delivery, however some risk factors have been suggested. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal CMV urinary excretion and congenital CMV infection.Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all women who were diagnosed with primary CMV infection during pregnancy in a single university affiliated tertiary medical center, between 2012 and 2016. We examined congenital CMV infection and disease rates in women with and without CMV urinary excretion.Results: Overall, 126 women were included. There was no difference in maternal symptoms between the groups. We found no difference in congenital CMV infection and disease rates between women with and without urinary excretion of CMV (congenital infection rate 37.1% vs. 24.4%, p=0.209, congenital disease rate of 18.2% vs. 22.4%, p=0.648). Women with positive urinary CMV excretion had lower IgG avidity (36.7% vs 54.6%, p=0.007), with no additional difference in serology pattern. Compared to asymptomatic women, those with CMV related symptoms did not have significantly higher rates of urinary excretion of CMV (70% vs. 60.5%, p=0.38) or congenital infection rates (40.7% vs. 31.2%, p=0.48)Conclusion: Among women with primary CMV infection in pregnancy, we did not find an association between urinary excretion of CMV and congenital CMV infection.
The study of Mycoplasma pneumonia infection among children with respiratory tract infection in hospital in Chengdu from 2014 to 2020
Authors: zhang lei , Lai Meimei , Ai Tao , Liao Huilling , Huang Yijie , Zhang Ying , Liu Yanru , Wang Li , Hu Jie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim: The hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumonia) infection caused by respiratory tract infection in Chengdu were studied and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics was carried out to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Method: 22882 hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections between January 2014 and December 2020 were collected M. pneumonia IgM antibody was detected by indirect immunofluorescence method and passive agglutination method. Demographic characteristics, clinical diagnose and laboratory data of these children were analyzed.retrospectively.. Result : The 4213 specimens with M. pneumonia were tested positive, the total positive rate was18.41%(18.30% in male and 22.72% in female). Higher positive rates were found in female children,Look from the statistical analysis results, the consistency between the two sets of data is low（ｘ2=198.078、P＜0.01）. The results of different age patients with contrast different M. pneumonia infection degree were statistically significant（F=162.7532、P＜0.01）,there was higher M. pneumonia positive rate in Preschoolers and school-age children ,33.98% and 32.98%, respectively.The incidence rate of M. pneumonia in 2017 and 2019 was significantly higher than average （F=538.95, P＜0.01)The difference of incidence rate of M. pneumonia was not significant in different months in 2014, 2015 and 2020 (P>0.05). But the probability of M .pneumonia infection patients was much higher from April to May and September to October in2016,2017,2018 and 2019（P＜0.05）. There was no correlation about M. pneumonia infection with temperature and humidity( P＞0.05)，there was negative correlation with PM2.5（R=0.09362, P<0.01）and PM10.（R=0.1185, P<0.01）.There was no difference about constituent ratio of case of M. pneumonia infection between 2014 and 2019 (F=32.34,P>0.05).The Common respiratory diseases of M. pneumonia infection, bronchopneumonia accounts for the highest proportion,followed the exacerbation of asthma and severe pneumonia.There was significantly difference about constituent ratio of case of M. pneumonia infection between in 2020 and in other years (F=159.35,P<0.01) .The Common respiratory diseases of M. pneumonia infection, bronchopneumonia accounts for the highest proportion,followed the acute bronchitis and exacerbation of asthma.Conclusion:The distribution and epidemiological trend of M. pneumonia in patients with respiratory tract infection showed the risk of inflammation was connected with the gender, age, year and month, no relationship with temperature and humidity in Chengdu,.Higher M. pneumonia positive rate was shown in the children with bronchial pneumonia and exacerbation of asthma.The prevention measures which controlled the COVID-19 disease had effectively controlled the infection rate of M. pneumonia.
Improving the HIV-Stigma in the Marginalized Population in Khorramabad, Iran: An Educational Trial Using Role-Playing and Lecturing
Authors: Jomezadeh Mina , Zamani-Alavijeh Fereshteh , Nasirian Maryam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Marginalized populations are significantly important in the HIV control program due to their socio-economic conditions and lifestyles. Improving the individuals' stigmatizing attitudes, which can be achieved only through proper education, is a major way to prevent HIV. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two methods, role-playing and lecture, on improving the attitudes of the suburban population of Khorramabad towards HIV.Methods: The present randomized educational trial was conducted on 270 suburban populations over 18 years of age in Khorramabad, Iran in 2019, and the individuals were randomly assigned to three groups, namely role-playing, lecture, and control. We utilized a standard HIV knowledge and attitude questionnaire to collect data before and after the intervention. We entered the data entered into the SPSS and analyzed them using the independent two-sample t-test, paired t-test, and multiple regression.Results: The attitudes towards HIV were stigmatizing in all three groups of the marginalized population before the educational intervention. After education, the attitudes of both groups, role-playing and lecture, improved significantly compared to the control group (P<0.0001); however, there was no significant difference between the two methods. (P> 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between scores of attitude and knowledge (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Education is a basic pillar of improving the attitude towards individuals living with HIV/AIDS, and can lead to lower stigma and discrimination against people with the disease, and thus their greater desire to disclose their disease and receive medical services. Even though there was no significant difference between the two methods of teaching role-playing and lecture in the present study, further studies should be conducted on determining effective teaching methods due to the widespread of educational methods.
Selection and Validation of Appropriate Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Schima Superba
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Zhang Rui , Zhou Zhichun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is a reliable and high-throughput technique for gene expression studies, but its accuracy depends on the expression stability of reference genes. Schima superba is a strong resistance and fast-growing timber specie. However, so far, reliable reference gene identifications have not been reported in S. superba. In this study, we screened and verified the stably expressed reference genes in different tissues of S. superba.Results Nineteen candidate reference genes were selected and evaluated for their expression stability in different tissues. Three software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper) were used to evaluate the reference gene transcript stabilities, and comprehensive stability ranking was generated by the geometric mean method. Our results identified that SsuACT was the most stable reference gene, SsuACT + SsuRIB was the best reference genes combination for different tissues. Finally, the stable and less stable reference genes were verified using the SsuSND1 expression in different tissues.Conclusions This is the first report to verify the appropriate reference genes for normalizing gene expression in S. superba for different tissues, which will facilitate future elucidation of gene regulations in this species, and useful references for relative species.
Motion Characteristics of Subclinical Tremors in Parkinson’s Disease and Healthy Subjects
Authors: CHAN PING YI , RIPIN ZAIDI MOHD , Halim Sanihah Abdul , Arifin Wan Nor , Yahya Ahmad Shukri , Eow Gaik Bee , TAN Kenny 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Parkinson’s disease tremor characteristics reported previously are not applicable to the full spectrum of severity. The characteristics of high- and low-amplitude tremors differ in signal regularity and frequency dispersion, which indicates that characterization should be studied in separate severity. The subclinical tremor of Parkinson’s disease is close to physiological tremor, yet their distinctive features are still undetermined. This study aims to determine joint motion characteristics that are unique to subclinical Parkinson’s disease tremors. The tremors were characterized by four hand–arm motions based on displacement and peak frequencies. The rest and postural tremors of 63 patients and 62 normal subjects were measured with inertial sensors. The baseline was established from normal tremors, and the joint motions were compared within and between the two subject groups. Displacement analysis shows that pronation–supination and wrist abduction–adduction are the most and least predominant tremor motions respectively, for both Parkinson’s disease and normal tremors. However, the subclinical Parkinson’s disease has significant greater in amplitude and peak frequency in specific predominant motions as compared to normal tremor. The flexion-extension of normal postural tremor increases in frequency from proximal to distal segment, which is explainable by mechanical oscillation. This characteristic is also observed in patients but with amplification in wrist and elbow joints. The contributed distinctive characteristics of subclinical tremors provide clues on the physiological manifestation that is a result of the neuromuscular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.
Reorganisation of diffusion microstructure in the precuneus is associated with preserved cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nagano-Saito Atsuko , Houde Jean-Christophe , Bedetti Christophe , Descoteaux Maxime , Leyton Marco , Benkelfat Chawki , Monchi Oury 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Functional neuroimaging studies of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have repeatedly identified over-activations in midline structures (medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus), especially in those without comorbid dementia. Here, we investigated whether the different cognitive profiles in PD were linked to measures of diffusion microstructure in medial regions of the brain. Using magnetic resonance based diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in healthy volunteers (HV) and PD patients with and without mild cognitive impairment (PD-nonMCI and PD-MCI), applying diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) techniques, we observed: 1) increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the precuneus and the anterior cingulate in the PD-nonMCI participants compared with the HV; 2) an association between precuneus FA and executive and memory function, respectively, in PD and HV; 3) a negative correlation between age and midline structure FA in PD but not HV; and 4) a differential association between cognitive scores and apparent fiber density (AFD) of the posterior cingulate-precuneus bundle in HV vs. PD. Together, these findings suggest that white matter reorganization of the posterior medial microstructures might serve a compensatory role for damaged basal ganglia function in PD-nonMCI.
Configuration Design and Verification of Soft-rigid Hybrid Hand with ab/ adduction Movement
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zhang Zeyi , Liu Weihong , Huang Guozhen , Jiang Yongkang , CHEN Diansheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Dexterous hand, as robot end effecter, is gradually showing unparalleled potential. In this paper, we proposed a novel configuration for the movement of the robot thumb metacarpal joint. Then, the force transfer efficiency of the finger structure is analyzed to reduce the demand for motor torque and realize the integration of ten motors inside the palm. Additionally, With the help of a soft-rigid hybrid palm, the contact area of the grasping object and the load capacity has increased considerably. Finally, the integrated verification is carried out on the home-made service robot, which can obtain reliable grasping of objects of various shapes and different surface features. What’s more, the robotic hand flexibly operates the infrared thermometer to measure the temperature of the water in the cup which shows a great application prospect in the field of service and industry.