bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6 feet apart but working together
Authors: Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , Anderson Kimberly , Birkeland Laura , Zaleski Christina , Reiser Catherine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior to COVID‐19, the field of genetic counseling was responding to a workforce shortage in patient‐facing roles through efforts to increase the training capacity within existing programs, as well as development of new programs. These efforts were hindered by the number and capacity of fieldwork training sites. COVID‐19 heightened this barrier with a sudden restriction on student training for an indefinite period of time. The onset of these restrictions highlighted the need to think creatively and, more importantly, collaboratively for ways to not only expand but also maintain fieldwork training capacity.Described here are two different collaborative efforts in response to pandemic‐related cancellations of important curriculum components: 1) the development of clinical simulation experiences and coursework shared between two ACGC accredited training programs; and 2) the creation of a virtual laboratory curriculum between an ACGC accredited training program and a non‐academic laboratory partner.This Professional Issues paper illustrates how collaboration with our academic and non‐academic colleagues benefits students, training programs and non‐academic partners beyond the needs of the initial crisis of a global pandemic.
Mortality predictors among patients with HIV‐associated pulmonary tuberculosis in Northeast China: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Wu Yongfeng , Yang Yang , Wei Huaying , Jia Lin , Jiang Taiyi , Tian Yakun , Guo Caiping , Zhang Yulin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to high morbidity and mortality in these populations. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased TB incidence in HIV‐infected patients, this coexistence still prevails in China. Patients with HIV–PTB admitted to Beijing You An Hospital from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively enrolled, and information on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were extracted from medical records. Predictors of death, including age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.05), tobacco use (AHR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.54–4.94), history of tuberculosis (AHR: 3.53; 95% CI: 1.82–6.85), not being on ART (AHR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.31–6.63), extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AHR: 2.391; 95% CI: 1.37–4.18), sputum smear positivity (AHR: 2.84; 95% CI: 1.61–4.99), CD4+ T cell count ≤ 50 cells/µl (AHR: 3.45; 95% CI: 1.95–6.10), and initiating ART ≥ 8 weeks after the initiation of antituberculous therapy (odds ratio: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.09–10.04). By contrast, there were no deaths among the six patients who began ART within 8 weeks after the initiation of antituberculous therapy. Age, tobacco use, not being on ART, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, sputum smear positivity, and CD4+ T cell count ≤50 cells/µl predict those patients at high risk of death among HIV‐infected patients with PTB, and the time of initiating ART after the initiation of antituberculous therapy is also important for prognosis.
Visualizing pre‐osteoarthritis: Integrating MRI UTE‐T2* with mechanics and biology to combat osteoarthritis—The 2019 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Kappa Delta Award
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Williams Ashley A. , Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Titchenal Matthew R. , Qian Yongxian , Andriacchi Thomas P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability for which disease‐modifying treatments remain lacking. This is because the symptoms and radiographic changes of OA occur after the onset of likely irreversible changes. Defining and treating earlier disease states are therefore needed to delay or to halt OA progression. Taking this concept a step further, studying OA pathogenesis before disease onset by characterizing potentially reversible markers of increased OA risk to identify a state of “pre‐osteoarthritis (pre‐OA)” shifts the paradigm towards OA prevention. The purpose of this review is to summarize the 42 studies comprising the 2019 Kappa Delta Elizabeth Lanier Award where conceptualization of a systems‐based definition for “pre‐osteoarthritis (pre‐OA)” was followed by demonstration of potentially reversible markers of heightened OA risk in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. In the process, these efforts contributed a new magnetic resonance imaging method of ultrashort echo time (UTE) enhanced T2* mapping to visualize joint tissue damage before the development of irreversible changes. The studies presented here support a transformative approach to OA that accounts for interactions between mechanical, biological, and structural markers of OA risk to develop and evaluate new treatment strategies that can delay or prevent the onset of clinical disease. This body of work was inspired by and performed for patients. Shifting the paradigm from attempting to modify symptomatic radiographic OA towards monitoring and reversing markers of “pre‐OA” opens the door for transforming the clinical approach to OA from palliation to prevention.
Yield and antiyield genes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)
Authors: Reinprecht Yarmilla , Qi Yanzhou , Shahmir Fariba , Smith Thomas H. , Pauls Karl Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh yield is the primary criterion for the development of new cultivars at the University of Guelph common bean breeding program. As a complex trait, yield is encoded by a number of genes contributing minor effects while also being significantly affected by environmental factors. Genes that increase yield with fixed resources have their effects by increasing input use efficiency. When suppressed, theBnMicEmUPgene has a positive effect on seed production inArabidopsis. Preliminary work has shown that ortholog of this gene (Phvul.009G190100) exists in common bean, and its expression was negatively correlated with yield in a field test of 10 navy bean cultivars with different yield potentials. The aim of this research was to characterize thePhvul.009G190100gene and to develop gene‐based marker(s) to test for alleles associated with high yield in common bean. A database search identified a second yield‐related gene (Phvul.009G202100) on the same chromosome (Pv09), which is a homolog toPhvul.009G190100. Both genes contain a DUF1118 protein domain, which has the molecular characteristics of a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, based on in silico analysis. Temperature switch polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers, which were developed for both genes, were significantly associated with yield and maturity in 42 bean genotypes belonging to different market classes. The work will benefit bean breeding programs by making them more efficient in selecting high yielding cultivars, and it will directly benefit bean producers through accelerated access to new, high yielding cultivars.
When normative framing saves Mr. Nature: Role of consumer efficacy in proenvironmental adoption
Authors: Do Khoa T. , Wang Chen‐Ya , Guchait Priyanko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study examines the proenvironmental persuasion of the so‐called normative framing that incorporates normative influence (i.e., social norms) into message framing (i.e., loss vs. gain). Across three green contexts (i.e., towel reuse, paperless adoption, and ugly food consumption), this study shows that normative gain is consistently more effective than both normative loss and pure normative influence in promoting proenvironmental act, which is particularly motivated by positively framed information under the prospect‐theoretic reasoning. This superior effect of normative gain is explained by the psychological sequence from collective efficacy to self‐efficacy as the serial underlying mechanism. This study further unveils the boundary condition of anthropomorphism in amplifying this superiority (i.e., Mr. Nature, happy earth face) and reveals that the advantageous effect of normative gain is stronger among those low in interdependent self‐construal. Our findings might provide helpful and relevant guidelines for businesses to operate sustainably by shifting their customers' behaviors to be greener.
Longitudinal Changes in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder‐Related Metabolic Pattern Expression
Authors: Kim Ryul , Lee Jee‐Young , Kim Yu Kyeong , Kim Heejung , Yoon Eun Jin , Shin Jung Hwan , Yoo Dallah , Nam Hyunwoo , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt remains unclear whether and how the isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD)‐related metabolic pattern (RBDRP) changes with disease progression in iRBD.ObjectiveTo examine longitudinal changes in RBDRP expression in iRBD patients and to explore trajectories of relative metabolic activities of individual brain regions constituting RBDRP.MethodsIn this cohort study, 25 iRBD patients (mean age [±standard deviation], 69.2 ± 5.3 years; 12 [48%] patients were men) and 24 age‐matched healthy controls were included. The patients underwent at least two18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans at baseline and at the 2‐year and/or 4‐year follow‐ups. We measured the RBDRP expression of the patients and controls which was validated by reproduction in a separate iRBD cohort (n = 13).ResultsAt baseline, the RBDRP expression discriminated iRBD patients from healthy controls. However, the RBDRP expression z scores tended to decrease over time in the patients, especially with longer follow‐ups, and this tendency was observed even in patients with high‐risk of phenoconversion. Furthermore, the degree of RBDRP expression at baseline did not predict the disease conversion. The RBDRP breakdown was mainly provoked by the attenuation of relative hypermetabolism in the frontal cortex including premotor areas and relative hypometabolism in the occipital cortex. The putaminal metabolic activity increased steadily with the disease progression.ConclusionsThe RBDRP expression in iRBD patients was altered significantly over time. Some of the brain metabolic changes seem to represent attempted functional compensation against ongoing neurodegeneration. The RBDRP expression measurement at one time point may not be a reliable biomarker for predicting disease conversion. © 2021 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Assessment of characteristics of surface solar irradiance on consecutive days using a self‐organizing map and clustering methods
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Oka Kazutaka , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe assessment of surface solar irradiance as a resource is a major research topic in renewable energy. A method for assessing the characteristics of global horizontal solar irradiance (GHI) at the surface on consecutive days is proposed in this work. A self‐organizing map and cluster analysis are used as core analysis techniques in the proposed method. Using this method, the regional and seasonal characteristics of GHI for five consecutive days are analysed. One hour accumulated GHI data from ground observation stations in Japan are used. Time series assigned to each node on the topological map of the self‐organizing map are characterized by strength and variability. The probabilities of occurrence of each node on the map differ between stations. Then, using the probabilities as a feature vector for quantifying the characteristics of each observation station, a cluster analysis is conducted to divide stations into clusters according to the dissimilarity of the features. The results show that there are three major regions in which the station characteristics are similar in Japan. Additionally, another cluster analysis is conducted to investigate the seasonal characteristics of the occurrence of time series patterns. It is found that consecutive cloudy days occur frequently in winter and during the rainy season, whereas consecutive clear days occur frequently in spring and summer.
An empirical interpolation method for two‐dimensional vector fields and vector measurements
Authors: Silva Francesco A. B. , Lorenzi Stefano , Cammi Antonio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents two extensions of the empirical interpolation method (EIM) designed to deal with vector interpolation problems. These reduced‐order modeling techniques are aimed at exploiting pointwise (vector) measurements to obtain the unknown field reconstruction and they are preferred to other, more efficient, techniques as the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) because of their intrinsic capability to identify measurement positions and to perform field reconstruction. The “EIM‐roto” method implements rotation matrix coefficients and should be intended as a composition of rotations and dilatations of the vector basis functions. The “EIM‐orto” implements diagonal matrices coefficients and can be intended as the interpolation, component by component, of the unknown vector field, projected on a fixed reference system. The two techniques are tested over the lid‐driven cavity benchmark, in laminar conditions. The results obtained on this study case highlight how the “EIM‐orto” interpolation does not allow a reliable reconstructions, while the “EIM‐roto” interpolation allows reconstruction performances close to the POD ones (here used as reference method). In particular, the worst reconstruction error, that is, the maximum L2 − norm of the residuals, decreases exponentially, reaching 5% with 25 basis functions. This result can be consider satisfactory, considering the nature of the problem.
Novel risk factors for glucarpidase use in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Hispanic ethnicity, age, and the ABCC4 gene
Authors: Zobeck Mark C. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Kamdar Kala Y. , Rabin Karen R. , Lupo Philip J. , Scheurer Michael E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCarboxypeptidase G2 (CPDG2; glucarpidase) is a rescue drug for patients at risk for kidney injury from high‐dose methotrexate (MTX). As there are no strategies for predicting patients who will require CDPG2, we evaluated the role of demographic, clinical, and genetic factors for CPDG2 use.ProcedureCases who received CPDG2 and controls who did not were identified by chart review of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients who received MTX doses between 1000 and 5000 mg/m2 between 2010 and 2017. We used multivariable Bayesian logistic regression to evaluate the association of CPDG2 use with demographic and clinical variables and, on a subset of patients, with genetic ancestry and 49 single nucleotide variants previously associated with MTX toxicity.ResultsWe identified 423 patients who received 1592 doses of MTX. Of the 18 patients who received CPDG2, 17 (94%) were Hispanic. No patients who received 1000 or 2000 mg/m2 of MTX received CPDG2. Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio: 4.68; 95% compatibility interval: 1.63–15.06) and older age (1.87 [1.17–3.17]) were associated with receiving CPDG2. Of the 177 patients in the genomic cohort, 11 received CPDG2. Each additional G allele of rs7317112 in ABCC4 increased the odds of requiring CPDG2 (3.10 [1.12–6.75]). Six other loci (NTRK1/rs10908521, TSG1/rs9345389, STT3B/rs1353327, SCLO1B1/rs4149056, GATA3/rs3824662, ARID5B/rs10821936) demonstrated probabilities of association between 88% and 97%.ConclusionWe demonstrated that demographic characteristics, including Hispanic ethnicity and age, are associated with CPDG2 use. Additionally, we provide evidence that inherited genetic variation is associated with risk of requiring CPDG2. If validated in independent populations, this information could be leveraged to develop targeted toxicity prevention strategies for children with ALL.
Contacting a single nanometer‐sized pinhole in the interfacial oxide of a poly‐silicon on oxide (POLO) solar cell junction
Authors: Bayerl Paul , Folchert Nils , Bayer Johannes , Dzinnik Marvin , Hollemann Christina , Brendel Rolf , Peibst Robby , Haug Rolf J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe electrical current through poly‐Si on oxide (POLO) solar cells is mediated by tunneling and by nanometer‐sized pinholes in the interfacial oxide. To distinguish the two processes, a POLO junction with a measured pinhole density of 1 × 107 cm−2 is contacted by different contact areas ranging from 1 μm2 to 2.5 × 105 μm2, and the temperature‐dependent current–voltage curves are measured for the different devices. Model regressions to the measured curves, their temperature dependence, and the quantized value of contact resistances indicate average numbers of pinholes per device corresponding to the expected pinhole density. For the small contacts, the different transport processes can be studied separately, which facilitates further improvements in respect to the present‐day POLO junctions. Single‐pinhole transport is found for one of the contacts with an area of 1 μm2. Random telegraph noise observed for this device in the current–voltage characteristics shows a high sensitivity to single charges.
The function of root mat fungal communities: Changes in response to pH and phosphorus addition
Authors: Burke David J. , Carrino‐Kyker Sarah R. , Chervenak Catherine F. , Hoke Adam J. , Hewins Charlotte R. 
Published: March 2021

Societal Impact StatementAcid deposition affects forests in eastern North America, Europe, and eastern Asia, and reduces nutrient availability for forest trees. Reduced nutrient availability can reduce tree growth and forest productivity. Our research suggests that trees may rely on fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi, that colonize root mats near the soil surface for nutrient acquisition in forests subjected to acid‐induced nutrient limitation. These fungi may increase acquisition of nutrients from organic matter. Forest management practices that limit surface soil disturbance and damage to root mats, especially during timber harvesting activities, may be important for conserving forest productivity in regions subjected to acid deposition.SummaryMany temperate forest soils are affected by a legacy of acid deposition, which can mobilize soil aluminum and reduce phosphorus (P) availability. These chemical changes are mostly manifest in mineral soil. However, many temperate trees have extensive shallow roots, or root mats, which are found on the surface of mineral soil. These root mats are in contact with the O horizon where substantial organic nutrients exist. But the role of root mats in accessing nutrients in nutrient limited, acidic soil is not well understood.We examined root mat fungal communities and their function using an existing 6‐year ecosystem‐level pH and P manipulation experiment, which artificially increased pH by more than 1.5 units and increased available P threefold. Dominant fungal taxa on roots were identified using Sanger sequencing and broad community changes were assessed using DNA fragment analysis. Nutrient acquisition within root mats was assessed by measuring the extracellular enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil.Fungal community structure changed with soil pH, while P availability altered extracellular enzyme production of phosphomonoesterase, β‐1,4‐glucosidase, and leucine aminopeptidase.Quercus–Fagusroot mats contained ectomycorrhizal fungi andAcerroots contained both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Interestingly, bothAcerandQuercus–Fagusroot mats contained ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, which were less abundant at higher pH.Our results suggest an important role of root mats in nutrient acquisition from organic sources in temperate forests. These root mats could assist plants in overcoming the legacy of acid deposition in temperate forests.
Relationship between anxiety symptoms, clinical control and quality of life of children with asthma: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tomaz Barbosa Renata Ramos , Monteiro Karolinne Souza , Cavalcanti Maciel Álvaro Campos , da Silva Fernanda Elizabeth Pereira , Jales Lucas Menescal , Santino Thayla Amorim , do Amaral Cleia Teixeira , de Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between anxiety symptoms and factors related to clinical control and quality of life of children with asthma aged 7–12 years.MethodsA cross‐sectional comparative study involving children recruited from a reference center for asthma treatment in the city of Natal‐RN. Diagnosis, control and severity were performed following GINA recommendations (2019). Sociodemographic information and spirometry results from a bronchodilator test were collected. Modified Fisher's scale, clinical control questionnaires (c‐ACT and ACT), quality of life assessment (PAQLQ) (total score and domains) and anxiety symptoms assessment (SCAS) (total score and domains) were applied.ResultsThe sample consisted of 42 children with asthma. Symptoms of social phobia (as identified by SCAS), and household head education were related to clinical asthma control (p = .006; R
2 = .19). Total SCAS score, guardian's education and physical activity were related to total PAQLQ (p < .0001; R
2 = .33). SCAS was related to the activity limitation domain of PAQLQ (p = .004; R
2 = .17). SCAS, gender, and physical activity were related to the PAQLQ symptoms domain (p = .003; R
2 = .32). The guardian's education, physical activity practice, and the symptoms of separation anxiety, panic attack and agoraphobia (as identified by SCAS) were related to the emotional domain of PAQLQ (p = .004; R
2 = .45).ConclusionThe present study shows evidence of an association between anxiety symptoms, poorer clinical control, and health‐related quality of life in children with asthma.
Crystal structures of inhibitor complexes of M‐PMV protease with visible flap loops
Authors: Wosicki Stanislaw , Kazmierczyk Maciej , Gilski Miroslaw , Zabranska Helena , Pichova Iva , Jaskolski Mariusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMason‐Pfizer monkey virus protease (PR) was crystallized in complex with two pepstatin‐based inhibitors in P1 space group. In both crystal structures, the extended flap loops that lock the inhibitor/substrate over the active site, are visible in the electron density either completely or with only small gaps, providing the first observation of the conformation of the flap loops in dimeric complex form of this retropepsin. The H‐bond network in the active site (with D26N mutation) differs from that reported for the P21 crystal structures and is similar to a rarely occurring system in HIV‐1 PR.