bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ oral lubrication and smoothness sensory perception influenced by tongue surface roughness
Authors: Wang Xingqun , Chen Jianshe , Wang Xinmiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe human tongue is important in the oral processing of food and in sensory perception. Tongue topography could influence delicate differences in sensory perception. It is hypothesized that tongue surface roughness could alter oral lubrication status and affect perception of smoothness. Fifteen participants with varying levels of tongue surface roughness were recruited and tested. Participants' in situ oral lubrication status without and after consumption of fluid food (milk with varying fat content and maltodextrin solutions with different shear viscosities) was measured. Participants' smoothness sensory scores were also recorded.RESULTSThe in situ friction coefficient (0.299–1.505) was significantly positively correlated with tongue‐surface roughness (54.6–140.0 μm) in all types of test fluid samples across participants. Oral lubrication was significantly decreased when participants consumed the test fluid samples compared with no liquid food consumption, for all test fluid sample types (P < 0.05). No significant differences in in situ friction coefficient were found after participants consumed different test fluid samples, and this was mainly attributed to the limited quantities of fluid residuals in the oral cavity after expectoration. Participants whose tongue surface roughness differed did not exhibit significant differences in smoothness perception with different test fluid samples.CONCLUSIONTongue surface roughness has a strong impact on in situ oral lubrication, and fluid food intake reduces in situ oral lubrication significantly. Saliva film and tongue surface roughness might play greater roles in oral lubrication and smoothness sensory perception if fluid is expectorated after consumption. The association between oral physiology and texture perception still needs further elucidation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Liver Transplantation in Children with Urea Cycle Disorders: The Importance of Minimizing Waiting Time
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Wu W. Kelly , Matsuoka Lea K. , Pai Anita K. , Hafberg Einar T. , Gillis Lynette A. , Morgan Thomas M. , Alexopoulos Sophoclis P. 
Published: May 2021

Liver transplantation (LT) for children with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) is capable of correcting the enzymatic defect and preventing progressive neurologic injury. We describe the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric LT recipients with UCDs. We identified all pediatric (<18 years) LT candidates with UCDs in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database (February 2002 to September 2020). Multivariable Cox and logistic regression were used to determine risk factors for graft loss and cognitive delay, respectively. Of 424 patients, 1.9% (8/424) experienced waitlist mortality and 95.0% underwent LT (403/424). The most frequently encountered UCDs in our cohort were ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (46.2%), citrullinemia (20.3%), and argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA; 12.9%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year graft survival rates were 90.4%, 86.3%, and 85.2%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed a decreased risk of graft loss with increasing weight at LT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94‐0.99; P = 0.02), male sex (aHR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.85; P = 0.01), and ASA diagnosis (aHR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.98; P = 0.047), when adjusting for location (intensive care/hospital/home) and graft type (both P ≥ 0.65). In multivariable logistic regression, waitlist time (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.17; P = 0.009) and male sex (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.02‐2.88; P = 0.04) were associated with increased odds of long‐term cognitive delay. Waitlist duration is associated with a long‐term risk of cognitive delay. Given excellent long‐term outcomes, early LT evaluation should be considered in all children with UCDs to prevent progressive neurologic injury and optimize cognitive outcomes.
Structure‐Property Relationship of Polyimide Fibers with High Tensile Strength and Low Dielectric Constant by Introducing Benzimidazole and Trifluoromethyl Units
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Zhang Junying , Niu Hongqing , Wu Dezhen , Zhang Mengying , Han Enlin , Jing Sheng , Sun Xiaoguang , Fan Chao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCopolyimide (co‐PI) fibers with high strength and low dielectric constant are synthesized and prepared by introducing 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl (TFMB) and 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzimidazole (BIA) diamines into the rigid backbones. The resultant fibers not only exhibited excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 2.627 GPa and an initial modulus of 96.786 GPa, but also possessed a dielectric constant as low as 2.433 at 10 GHz. The existence of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which has been considered as the leading factor responsible for the significantly improved mechanical properties of the co‐PI fibers. 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (2D WAXD) is adopted to investigate the variation on the aggregation structure of PI fibers after the incorporation of fluorine group. The fibers with more TMFB content possessed a higher orientation degree together with a larger free volume fracture due to the combined effects of enhanced flexibility and the volume effect of trifluoromethyl groups. Meanwhile, the prepared PI fibers exhibit a 5% weight loss temperature ranging from 543 to 533 °C in the nitrogen atmosphere and a glass transition temperature ranging from 334 to 317 °C, revealing high thermal stability of co‐PI fibers.
Crosslinked Polydicyclopentadiene Nanoparticles via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Mei Honggang , Zhao Bingjie , Wang Huaming , Zheng Sixun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this communication, the preparation of crosslinked polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) nanoparticles via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)‐induced self‐assembly approach is reported. For the ROMPs, the macromolecular chain transfer agents (Macro‐CTAs) are synthesized via the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) with cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol as the initiator. The ROMPs are performed with chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,4‐dioxane, and N,N‐dimethylacetamide as the solvents, respectively, which are catalyzed with Grubbs second generation catalyst. It is found that the crosslinked PDCPD nanoparticles are obtained with spherical, cylindrical to planar morphologies, depending on the molecular weights of Macro‐CTAs, the concentrations of DCPD and the natures of solvents. The polymerization induced self‐assembly (ROMPISA) by the use of a non‐norbornene‐based macromolecular chain transfer agent provides a new and efficient approach to prepare crosslinked polymer nanoparticles.
The Impact of Dietary Intake and Physical Activity on Body Composition in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rivadeneyra Jessica , Verhagen Okker , Bartulos Monica , Mariscal‐Pérez Natividad , Collazo Carla , Garcia‐Bustillo Alvaro , Calvo Sara , Cubo Esther 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkeletal muscle loss has been associated with declining physical performance and a negative prognostic effect on falls, disability, and mortality risk in Parkinson's disease.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the clinical correlates associated with skeletal muscle wasting in Parkinson's disease.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, case–control, observational study. We collected information on dietary intake with a 24‐hour recall questionnaire, body composition with bioelectrical impedance, motor severity with the Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale, and physical activity with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We used multivariate linear regression analysis to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical correlates associated with skeletal muscle loss after adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsForty‐three patients with Parkinson's disease and 21 matched family members were included. Patients and family members had similar body composition, anthropometrics, and nutritional parameters. Advanced patients had similar nutrient intakes compared to patients with mild‐to‐moderate Parkinson's disease. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, female patients with low physical activity and low energy intake were more likely to have skeletal muscle loss.ConclusionsSkeletal muscle wasting is a complex multifactorial problem. Dietary strategies and physical exercise should be recommended, especially to females with Parkinson's disease, to prevent significant skeletal muscle wasting.
Mendelian Randomisation Finds No Causal Association between Urate and Parkinson's Disease Progression
Authors: Coneys Rachel , Storm Catherine S. , Kia Demis A. , Almramhi Mona , Wood Nicholas W. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Observational studies suggest higher levels of plasma urate may protect against Parkinson's risk and progression; however, causality cannot be established.ObjectivesThis study set out to determine whether there is a true causal association between urate levels and PD age at onset (AAO) and progression severity using recently released PD AAO and progression genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data.MethodsA large two‐sample Mendelian randomization design was employed, using genetic variants underlying urate levels and the latest GWAS data for PD outcomes.ResultsThis study found no causal association between urate levels and Parkinson's risk, AAO, or progression severity.ConclusionsOur results predict increasing urate levels as a therapeutic strategy is unlikely to benefit PD patients. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Tremor and Parkinsonism in Chromosomopathies — A Systematic Review
Authors: Carvalho Vanessa , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Correia Guedes Leonor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe landscape of genetic forms of Parkinson's diseases (PD) has grown exponentially in recent years. Today, around 10% of PD cases are estimated to be of genetic etiology. However, the link between parkinsonism or tremor and chromosome disorders, both numerical and structural, has been neglected. We reviewed the occurrence and characteristics of parkinsonism and tremor syndromes in patients with chromosomic disorders. We searched PubMed for articles published until December 2018, using the non‐MESH terms “Chromosomopathy,” “karyotype,” “chromosome,” “aneuploidy,” “deletion,” “inversion,” “insertion,” “duplication,” and “Parkinson,” “Parkinsonism,” “Tremor,” and “Parkinsonian disorder.” We restricted the search to human studies and selected articles for further analysis after abstract review. Tremor syndromes in which patients had another possible clinical reason for syndromes were excluded, as well as tremor syndromes associated with point mutations, imprinting syndromes, and patients presenting with other hyperkinetic disorders. Fifty‐four articles were reviewed. Aneuploidies of sex chromosomes were the most common chromosomopathy. These patients more commonly exhibited postural and kinetic tremor, often meeting the description of essential tremor. In structural chromosomopathies, the most frequent association was PD and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, but we found case reports and case series of several additional deletion and duplication syndromes. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A compact low insertion loss Ka‐band GaAs MMIC traveling wave switch with absorptive characteristic
Authors: Jiang Yan , Tang Wanchun , Zhang Hai , Feng Linping , Shi Yongrong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this articel, a compact single‐pole double‐throw traveling wave switch is proposed and fabricated using 0.15 μm‐pHEMT GaAs technology. The switch obtained an insertion loss less than 2 dB, and the isolation is better than 28 dB in the core passband. The excellent return losses performances at all the ports are good obtained especially for the isolation port from 30 to 40 GHz. The return losses of isolated port is better than around 5 dB. To demonstrate the design conception, a prototype of the proposed switch is fabricated with a size of 0.97 × 0.77 mm2 including all the pads. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the neoteric GaAs MMIC traveling‐wave switch topology with the good absorptive characteristic.
Technical Note: 4D robust optimization in small spot intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for distal esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Feng Hongying , Shan Jie , Ashman Jonathan B. , Rule William G. , Bhangoo Ronik S. , Yu Nathan Y. , Chiang Jennifer , Fatyga Mirek , Wong William W. , Schild Steven E. , Sio Terence T. , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo compare the dosimetric performances of small‐spot three‐dimensional (3D) and four‐dimensional (4D) robustly optimized intensity‐modulated proton (IMPT) plans in the presence of uncertainties and interplay effect simultaneously for distal esophageal carcinoma.Method and MaterialsThirteen (13) patients were selected and re‐planned with small‐spot ( ~ 2–6 mm) 3D and 4D robust optimization in IMPT, respectively. The internal clinical target volumes (CTVhigh3d, CTVlow3d) were used in 3D robust optimization. Different CTVs (CTVhigh4d, CTVlow4d) were generated by subtracting an inner margin of the motion amplitudes in three cardinal directions from the internal CTVs and used in 4D robust optimization. All patients were prescribed the same dose to CTVs (50 Gy[RBE] for CTVhigh3d/CTVhigh4d and 45 Gy[RBE] for CTVlow3d/CTVlow4d). Dose–volume histogram (DVH) indices were calculated to assess plan quality. Comprehensive plan robustness evaluations that consisted of 300 perturbed scenarios (10 different motion patterns to consider irregular motion (sampled from a Gaussian distribution) and 30 different uncertainties scenarios (sampled from a 4D uniform distribution) combined), were performed to quantify robustness to uncertainties and interplay effect simultaneously. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsCompared to 3D robustly optimized plans, 4D robustly optimized plans had statistically improved target coverage and better sparing of lungs and heart (heart Dmean, P = 0.001; heart V30Gy[RBE], P = 0.001) in the nominal scenario. 4D robustly optimized plans had better robustness in target dose coverage (CTVhigh4d V100%, P = 0.002) and the protection of lungs and heart (heart Dmean, P = 0.001; heart V30Gy[RBE], P = 0.001) when uncertainties and interplay effect were considered simultaneously.ConclusionsEven with small spots in IMPT, 4D robust optimization outperformed 3D robust optimization in terms of normal tissue protection and robustness to uncertainties and interplay effect simultaneously. Our findings support the use of 4D robust optimization to treat distal esophageal carcinoma with small spots in IMPT.
Part consolidation for additive manufacturing: A multilayered topology optimization approach
Authors: Crispo Luke , Kim Il Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPart consolidation (PC) is becoming a viable cost savings approach due to the increased design freedom associated with industry adoption of additive manufacturing. However, there is little research focused on mathematical approaches for assembly level design generation, with most work aimed at providing best practices for merging several parts into one. This article presents a novel topology optimization approach to PC that determines the ideal number of parts, their geometry, and optimal joining pattern, without bias towards the original assembly. Multiple layered design domains are created, and a joining domain that determines the connections between parts is introduced. A multiobjective problem statement optimizes the complex trade‐off between compliance, support structure volume, surface area, and number of joints, to minimize the total cost of the final assembly. Design variable initialization and boundary condition placement are discussed for problems with multiple domains. Three test cases are presented and solved for a range of cost trade‐offs to demonstrate optimized solutions as design objectives are varied.
Examining user perspective of an online learning resource for physiotherapists: A mixed methods study of the TRAIN program
Authors: Scrivener Katharine , Akkermans Jake , Svanetti Sean , Szilas Chloe , Robson Matthew , Love Sherrie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundImplementing task specific training is a commonly reported challenge for less experienced therapists. A potential method to improve the ability of recent graduate and student therapists is to upskill regarding task specific training via an online education resource.PurposeTo evaluate the use and acceptability of the TRAIN program as an online learning resource for physiotherapists.MethodsData from Google Analytics was sourced to determine use of the program and details about the users. Users of the TRAIN program were also invited to complete two surveys; prior to beginning and upon completion of the program. The surveys collected information about the demographics of the users, perceptions of usefulness of the online resource and overall sentiment.ResultsAlmost 6000 new users interacted with the TRAIN modules during the 15‐months study period. The surveys indicated a high level of usability (mean score 9/10, SD 1.5) and clinical utility (mean score 8.8/10, SD 1.6) of the TRAIN program. Perceived knowledge and user confidence in implementing task‐specific training was higher for those users completing the post compared to those completing the pre‐module survey (knowledge 1.9 and confidence 1.7 out of 10 points higher). Recurring comments in the open‐ended feedback pertained to the usefulness, clarity, and ease of use of the TRAIN program.Discussion and ConclusionThis study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use and acceptability of the TRAIN program as an online learning resource for physiotherapists. This further contributes to the growing body of literature indicating online learning is generally a well‐received teaching tool for physiotherapists.
The role of lymph node dissection in salvage radical prostatectomy for patients with radiation recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: Quhal Fahad , Rajwa Pawel , Mori Keiichiro , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Grossmann Nico C. , Schuettfort Victor M. , König Frederik , Aydh Abdulmajeed , Motlagh Reza S. , Katayama Satoshi , Mostafai Hadi , Pradere Benjamin , Marra Giancarlo , Gontero Paolo , Mathieu Romain , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effect of lymph node dissection on the outcomes of patients who underwent salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP).Material and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from radiation‐recurrent patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent SRP from 2000–2016. None of the patients had clinical lymph node involvement before SRP. The effect of the number of removed lymph nodes (RLNs) and the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) on biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival, metastases free survival, and overall survival (OS) was tested in multivariable Cox regression analyses.ResultsAbout 334 patients underwent SRP and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Lymph node involvement was associated with increased risk of BCR (p < .001), metastasis (p < .001), and overall mortality (p = .006). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, an increased number of RLNs significantly lowered the risk of BCR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, p = .01). In patients with positive lymph nodes, a higher number of RLNs and a lower number of PLNs were associated with improved freedom from BCR (HR 0.89, p = .001 and HR 1.34, p = .008, respectively). At a median follow‐up of 23.9 months (interquartile range, 4.7–37.7), neither the number of RLNs nor the number of PLNs were associated with OS (p = .69 and p = .34, respectively).ConclusionPathologic lymph node involvement increased the risk of BCR, metastasis and overall mortality in radiation‐recurrent PCa patients undergoing SRP. The risk of BCR decreased steadily with a higher number of RLNs during SRP. Further research is needed to support this conclusion and develop a precise therapeutic adjuvant strategy based on the number of RLNs and PLNs.
Clinical characteristics and oncological outcomes in negative multiparametric MRI patients undergoing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Wagaskar Vinayak G. , Ratnani Parita , Levy Micah , Moody Kate , Garcia Mariely , Pedraza Adriana M. , Parekh Sneha , Pandav Krunal , Shukla Bhavya , Sobotka Stanislaw , Haines Kenneth , Wiklund Peter , Tewari Ash 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundEfforts are ongoing to try and find ways to reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies without missing clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa). The utility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa) shows promise to be used as triage test for systematic prostate biopsy. Our aim is to Study clinical parameters and oncological outcomes in men with negative mpMRI (nMRI; PI‐RADS v2 scores of ≤ 2) who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) to evaluate nMRI's practicality as a biopsy triage test.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 331 men with nMRI who underwent RARP between 2014 and 2020 compared with men with positive mpMRI (pMRI; PI‐RADS v2 scores ≥ 3, N = 1770). csPCa was defined as Gleason score ≥ 3 + 4 and biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as PSA > 0.2 ng/ml on two occasions. Biopsies were graded with the International Society of Urologic Pathology [ISUP] grade. Descriptive statistics for nMRI and pMRI were performed. Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables and χ
2 for categorical variables. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed.ResultsUnivariable analysis shows statistically significant difference (p < .05) between median age (nMRI‐61 years vs. pMRI 63 years), race (higher incidence of nMRI in African American men), use of 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors (higher rate in nMRI). While incidence rates of family history of PCa, suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, median PSA levels and 4Kscore, were lower in nMRI versus pMRI. Rates of positive surgical margins and BCR were comparable in nMRI versus pMRI. Biopsy ISUP Grades I and II upgraded by 51% and 12%, respectively in final pathology. African American race and no history of the prior negative biopsy were significant predictors for upgrading.ConclusionMen with nMRI pose diagnostic challenges as they tend to be younger patients with lower rates of suspicious DRE findings and lower 4K scores, yet comparable oncological outcomes in csPCa rates, positive surgical margins, and BCR rates.