bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small fiber neuropathy associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Abrams Rory M. C. , Simpson David M. , Navis Allison , Jette Nathalie , Zhou Lan , Shin Susan C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe development and persistence of neurological symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is referred to as “long‐haul” syndrome. We aimed to determine whether small fiber neuropathy (SFN) was associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsWe retrospectively studied the clinical features and outcomes of patients who were referred to us between May 2020 and May 2021 for painful paresthesia and numbness that developed during or after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and who had nerve conduction studies showing no evidence of a large fiber polyneuropathy.ResultsWe identified 13 patients, Eight women and five men with age ranging from 38–67 y. Follow‐up duration ranged from 8 to 12 mo. All patients developed new‐onset paresthesias within 2 mo following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, with an acute onset in seven and co‐existing autonomic symptoms in seven. Three patients had pre‐existing but controlled neuropathy risk factors. Skin biopsy confirmed SFN in six, all of whom showed both neuropathy symptoms and signs, and two also showed autonomic dysfunction by autonomic function testing (AFT). Of the remaining seven patients who had normal skin biopsies, six showed no clinical neuropathy signs and one exhibited signs and had abnormal AFT. Two patients with markedly reduced intraepidermal nerve fiber densities and one with normal skin biopsy had severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); the remainder experienced mild COVID‐19 symptoms. Nine patients received symptomatic neuropathy treatment with paresthesias controlled in seven (77.8%).DiscussionOur findings suggest that symptoms of SFN may develop during or shortly after COVID‐19. SFN may underlie the paresthesias associated with long‐haul post‐COVID‐19 symptoms.
Current approaches to management of bone sarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients
Authors: Ingley Katrina M. , Maleddu Alessandra , Grange Franel Le , Gerrand Craig , Bleyer Archie , Yasmin Ephia , Whelan Jeremy , Strauss Sandra J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBone tumors are a group of histologically diverse diseases that occur across all ages. Two of the commonest, osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are regarded as characteristic adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers with an incidence peak in AYAs. They are curable for some but associated with unacceptably high rates of treatment failure and morbidity. The introduction of effective new therapeutics for bone sarcomas is slow, and to date, complex biology has been insufficiently characterized to allow more rapid therapeutic exploitation. This review focuses on current standards of care, recent advances that have or may soon change that standard of care and challenges to the expert clinical research community that we suggest must be met.
Lung cancer symptom appraisal, help‐seeking and diagnosis – rapid systematic review of differences between patients with and without a smoking history
Authors: van Os Sandra , Syversen Aron , Whitaker Katriina L. , Quaife Samantha L. , Janes Sam M. , Jallow Mbasan , Black Georgia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the world. A significant minority of lung cancer patients have never smoked (14% in the UK, and ranging from 10% to 25% worldwide). Current evidence suggests that never‐smokers encounter delays during the diagnostic pathway, yet it is unclear how their experiences and reasons for delayed diagnoses differ from those of current and former smokers. This rapid review assessed literature about patient experiences in relation to symptom awareness and appraisal, help‐seeking, and the lung cancer diagnostic pathway, comparing patients with and without a smoking history.MethodsMEDLINE, PsychINFO and Google Scholar were searched for studies (2010‐2020) that investigated experiences of the pathway to diagnosis for patients with and without a smoking history. Findings are presented using a narrative synthesis.ResultsAnalysis of seven quantitative and three qualitative studies revealed that some delays during symptom appraisal and diagnosis are unique to never‐smokers. Due to the strong link between smoking and lung cancer, and low awareness of non‐smoking related lung cancer risk factors and symptoms, never‐smokers do not perceive themselves to be at risk. Never‐smokers are also likely to evaluate their experiences in comparison with other non‐smoking related cancers, where prognosis is likely better, potentially leading to lower satisfaction with healthcare.ConclusionNever‐smokers appear to have different experiences in relation to symptom appraisal and diagnosis. However, evidence in relation to help‐seeking, and what is driving diagnostic delays for never‐smoker patients specifically is lacking.
Molecular investigation of the tandem Tudor domain and plant homeodomain histone binding domains of the epigenetic regulator UHRF2
Authors: Ginnard Shane M. , Winkler Alyssa E. , Mellado Fritz Carlos , Bluhm Tatum , Kemmer Ray , Gilliam Marisa , Butkevich Nick , Abdrabbo Sara , Bricker Kaitlyn , Feiler Justin , Miller Isaak , Zoerman Jenna , El‐Mohri Zeineb , Khuansanguan Panida , Basch Madyson , Petzold Timothy , Kostoff Matthew , Konopka Sean , Kociba Brendon , Gillis Thomas , Heyl Deborah L. , Trievel Raymond C. , Albaugh Brittany N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUbiquitin‐like containing PHD and ring finger (UHRF)1 and UHRF2 are multidomain epigenetic proteins that play a critical role in bridging crosstalk between histone modifications and DNA methylation. Both proteins contain two histone reader domains, called tandem Tudor domain (TTD) and plant homeodomain (PHD), which read the modification status on histone H3 to regulate DNA methylation and gene expression. To shed light on the mechanism of histone binding by UHRF2, we have undergone a detailed molecular investigation with the TTD, PHD and TTD‐PHD domains and compared the binding activity to its UHRF1 counterpart. We found that unlike UHRF1 where the PHD is the primary binding contributor, the TTD of UHRF2 has modestly higher affinity toward the H3 tail, while the PHD has a weaker binding interaction. We also demonstrated that like UHRF1, the aromatic amino acids within the TTD are important for binding to H3K9me3 and a conserved aspartic acid within the PHD forms an ionic interaction with R2 of H3. However, while the aromatic amino acids in the TTD of UHRF1 contribute to selectivity, the analogous residues in UHRF2 contribute to both selectivity and affinity. We also discovered that the PHD of UHRF2 contains a distinct asparagine in the H3R2 binding pocket that lowers the binding affinity of the PHD by reducing a potential electrostatic interaction with the H3 tail. Furthermore, we demonstrate the PHD and TTD of UHRF2 cooperate to interact with the H3 tail and that dual domain engagement with the H3 tail relies on specific amino acids. Lastly, our data indicate that the unique stretch region in the TTD of UHRF2 can decrease the melting temperature of the TTD‐PHD and represents a disordered region. Thus, these subtle but important mechanistic differences are potential avenues for selectively targeting the histone binding interactions of UHRF1 and UHRF2 with small molecules.
Insecticidal activity of the essential oil ofPiper corcovadensisleaves and its major compound (1‐butyl‐3,4‐methylenedioxybenzene) against the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: de Lira Pimentel Camila Soledade , Albuquerque Bheatriz Nunes de Lima , da Rocha Suyana Karolyne Lino , da Silva André Severino , da Silva Alana Bittencourt Vieira , Bellon Remi , Agra‐Neto Afonso Cordeiro , de Aguiar Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Princival Jefferson Luiz , Napoleão Thiago Henrique , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSitophilus zeamaisis one of the most economically impactful pests, attacking various grains and processed foods. Control of this insect has been achieved using synthetic insecticides, exacerbated and careless use of which has led to the development of resistant insect populations, toxicity to non‐target organisms and environmental contamination. In this study,Piper corcovadensisleaf essential oil (PcLEO) and its major compound, 1‐butyl‐3,4‐methylenedioxybenzene (BMDB), were investigated as alternative insecticidal agents againstS. zeamais.RESULTSCharacterization of PcLEO showed the presence of 40 compounds. The major components were the phenylpropanoid BMDB (35.77%) and the monoterpenes α‐pinene (14.95%) and terpinolene (6.23%). PcLEO and BMDB were toxic by fumigation (half‐maximal lethal concentration [LC50]: 9.46 and 0.85 μl L–1of air, respectively), by contact (half‐maximal lethal dose [LD50]: 9.38 and 6.16 μg g–1of insect, respectively) and ingestion (LC50: 16.04 and 14.30 mg g–1, respectively). In the ingestion test, both PcLEO and BMDB promoted the loss of insect biomass and had a strong deterrent effect. In addition, both were able to inhibit trypsin and α‐amylase activities.CONCLUSIONPcLEO and BMDB exhibited insecticidal activity againstS. zeamais, with a toxic effect by fumigation, contact and ingestion, in addition to food deterrence and inhibiting trypsin and α‐amylase activities, suggesting their potential for use in the control of this pest.
Why do some schools struggle to retain staff? Development and validation of the Teachers' Working Environment Scale (TWES)
Authors: Sims Sam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany school systems face recurring shortages of qualified teachers. Research suggests that improving teachers’ working environment is one way of improving teachers’ job satisfaction and retention in the profession. However, working environment is inconsistently measured in the literature, hampering cumulation of knowledge. This article develops the first validated teacher‐report measure of working environment. Theory and empirics were synthesised to define relevant constructs, then focus groups, expert consultation and cognitive interviews with teachers were used to generate and refine items. The resulting questionnaire displayed the hypothesised factor structure in two samples of teachers. The scale also showed strong predictive validity and the results help resolve a puzzle around the importance of workload in the existing empirical literature. Through improved measurement, the scale can help identify steps by which school leaders can improve retention.
A novel orally active gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist, relugolix, is a potential substitute for injectable GnRH antagonists in controlled ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Hamada Michiko , Horikawa Michiharu , Ensaka Chie , Enomoto Megumi , Ishii Rena , Toriumi Rena , Tachibana Naoyuki , Taketani Yuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of an oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH Ant), relugolix (R), for assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsWe enrolled women undergoing ART using a GnRH Ant for controlled ovarian stimulation. We compared R; 20 mg/day with cetrorelix acetate (C); 0.125 mg. C was administered to 88 women in 2019, and R to 93 women in 2020. Clinical outcomes associated with ART were assessed in both groups.ResultsThe luteinizing hormone levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection in the R group (1.26 ± 0.93 IU/L) were significantly lower than those in the C group (2.85 ± 3.02 IU/L). There were no cases in which egg retrieval was canceled in both groups. The total doses of gonadotropins administered were greater in the R group compared with the C group. The number of days of GnRH Ant administration in the R group (1.71 ± 0.57 days) was significantly longer compared with the C group (1.48 ± 0.58 days). The number of oocytes collected, fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates (R; 47.1% vs C; 45.8%) did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionAn orally active GnRH Ant, relugolix, when used in controlled ovarian stimulation for ART, showed comparable clinical outcomes with cetrorelix.
Intuitively adaptable outlier detector
Authors: Kiersztyn Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, we have been dealing with a large amount of data in which anomalies occur naturally for many reasons, both due to hardware and humans. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient tools that are easily adaptable to various data. The paper presents an innovative use of classical statistical tools to detect outliers in multidimensional data sets. The proposed approach uses well‐known statistical methods in an innovative way and allows for a high level of efficiency to be achieved using multi‐level aggregation. The effectiveness of the proposed innovative method is demonstrated by a series of numerical experiments.
Control of Local Electronic Structure of Pd Single Atom Catalyst by Adsorbate Induction
Authors: Ru Wei , Liu Yanan , Fu Baoai , Fu Fengzhi , Feng Junting , Li Dianqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAiming at regulating and controlling the localized electronic states while maintaining the metal atoms in the isolation form, an in situ adsorbate induced strategy is proposed at a programmed temperature to activate Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) supported single Pd atom catalyst. It is discovered that in situ treatment environments trigger the change of lattice parameters in MOF materials by reaction heat effect, observed by in situ X‐ray diffraction, spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscope, and X‐ray adsorption fine structure (XAFS). The as‐obtained electron‐deficient Pd single atoms are critical to the high intrinsic activity (turnover frequency of 0.132 s−1) and selectivity of 93% with the long‐term stability in the semihydrogenation of acetylene, which can be comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art Pd catalysts. This superior catalytic behavior correlates with the reduced C2H4 desorption energy and the activation barriers for the hydrogenation, confirmed by density functional theory calculation.
Revealing the Two‐Dimensional Surface Diffusion Mechanism for Zinc Dendrite Formation on Zinc Anode
Authors: Yang Zefang , Lv Chaonan , Li Wenbin , Wu Tingqing , Zhang Qi , Tang Yougen , Shao Minhua , Wang Haiyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion battery is regarded as one of the promising devices for large‐scale energy storage systems owing to its high safety, cost‐effectiveness, and competitive electrochemical properties. However, the dendrite growth on zinc metal anodes dramatically hinders its further practical applications, and the internal mechanism of dendrite evolution is still unclear. The introduction of a protective layer on the anode interface is an effective method to avoid zinc dendrite growth. Herein, a two‐dimensional (2D) atomic surface diffusion mechanism is proposed to reveal the evolution of zinc deposition from tiny protrusion to dendrite under uneven electric and ionic fields. Further, the conductive copper nitride (CN) protective layer is constructed on the zinc metal anode by a facile and scalable magnetron sputtering approach. Their protective layer possesses a high zinc affinity and high diffusion barrier for zinc atom migration, leading to spacious nucleation, and uniform zinc deposition, thus significantly boosting the electrochemical stability. For the first time, the role of the restricted 2D atomic surface diffusion mechanism in inhibiting the formation of zinc tiny protrusion that induces uneven electric and ionic fields is revealed. This work can provide a novel insight for future research on dendrite‐free zinc metal anodes by interfacial modification.
Paving the Way to Overcome Antifungal Drug Resistance: Current Practices and Novel Developments for Rapid and Reliable Antifungal Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Heuer Christopher , Bahnemann Janina , Scheper Thomas , Segal Ester 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe past year has established the link between the COVID‐19 pandemic and the global spread of severe fungal infections; thus, underscoring the critical need for rapid and realizable fungal disease diagnostics. While in recent years, health authorities, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have reported the alarming emergence and spread of drug‐resistant pathogenic fungi and warned against the devastating consequences, progress in the diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections is limited. Early diagnosis and patient‐tailored therapy are established to be key in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with fungal (and cofungal) infections. As such, antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) is crucial in revealing susceptibility or resistance of these pathogens and initiating correct antifungal therapy. Today, gold standard AFST methods require several days for completion, and thus this much delayed time for answer limits their clinical application. This review focuses on the advancements made in developing novel AFST techniques and discusses their implications in the context of the practiced clinical workflow. The aim of this work is to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of currently available methods and identify the main gaps hindering their progress toward clinical application.
Effects of berberine on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and levels of cytochrome P450 3A37, multidrug resistance 1, and chicken xenobiotic‐sensing orphan nuclear receptor mRNA expression in broilers
Authors: Li Sicong , Wang Bin , Zhang Min , Yuan Dingsheng , Li Jinliang , Li Xuting , Liang Ge 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundBerberine (BBR) is always used in combination with florfenicol for treating avian in China.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of BBR on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broilers.MethodsMale broilers were randomly divided into the control group and the BBR group (BG). Note that 50 mg/kg BBR or sterile water was orally administrated to broilers. On the 8th day, florfenicol [30 mg/kg body weight (BW)] was orally administered to broilers in both groups. The plasma concentrations of florfenicol were determined by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A37, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), and chicken xenobiotic‐sensing orphan nuclear receptor (CXR) mRNA expression in the liver and jejunum were determined by the real‐time PCR.ResultsThe results showed that the Cmax, t1/2z, MRT(0‐∞), and AUC(0‐∞) of florfenicol in BG were significantly increased (by 55.71%, 28.32%, 35.19%, and 55.62%, respectively), while the Tmax and CLz/F of florfenicol were significantly decreased (by 52.13% and 35.82%, respectively). In BG, the levels of CYP3A37, MDR1, and CXR mRNA expression in the liver were significantly decreased to 0.72‐fold, 0.67‐fold, and 0.59‐fold, respectively, and the corresponding mRNA expression in the jejunum were significantly decreased to 0.66‐fold, 0.55‐fold, and 0.64‐fold levels, respectively, relative to their levels in the control group.ConclusionsBBR altered the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, probably related to its inhibition of CYP3A37, MDR1, and CXR mRNA expression in the jejunum and liver.
Wear in wind turbine pitch bearings—A comparative design study
Authors: Schwack Fabian , Halmos Fabian , Stammler Matthias , Poll Gerhard , Glavatskih Sergei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe tested two types of ball bearings with an outer diameter of 750 mm to learn more about the challenges of oscillating motions for pitch bearings. The experimental conditions are derived from aero‐elastic simulations, long‐term wind speed measurements and a scaling method that considers loads and pitch angles. As a result, the parameters relevant for pitch bearings are represented appropriately, and the findings are transferable to other bearing sizes. For the tested parameter sets, severe wear occurred for over 90% of the exposed contact areas after 12 500 oscillating cycles. Decreasing the number of cycles to 1250 leads to a mix of exposed areas with 13% severe wear, 32% mild wear and 55% no wear, with no apparent pattern. The results demonstrate that a comparatively small amount of consecutive cycles can lead to severe wear. A new type of bearing tested showed less wear for the selected operating conditions.
Streaming dynamic mode decomposition for short‐term forecasting in wind farms
Authors: Liew Jaime , Göçmen Tuhfe , Lio Wai Hou , Larsen Gunner Chr. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForecasting in wind energy is a crucial task to perform adequate wind farm flow control or to participate in the energy market. While many power forecasting methods exist, it is notoriously difficult to capture both short‐ and long‐term variations in the wind farm system in real time. We demonstrate a data‐driven real‐time system identification approach to forecasting based on streaming dynamic mode decomposition methodology (sDMD). The method is capable of characterizing nonlinear, time‐varying, multidimensional time series data in a computationally efficient manner. The algorithm is modified to work with data streams by adjusting the dynamic mode decomposition continuously as new data are made available. The method is applied to high‐frequency SCADA data from the Lillgrund offshore wind farm. A 23.31% improvement over persistence forecasting is found for 5‐min‐ahead forecasts of the power output of all turbines in the wind farm. sDMD is shown to be a suitable tool for capturing short‐term dynamics while adapting to long‐term changes in wind speed and direction and has potential applications in real‐time wind farm control.
The Importance of Better Work
Authors: Kremer Monique , Went Robert , Engbersen Godfried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter draws on the extant scientific literature on the importance of having a job, in particular the importance of having good work. Above all, it seeks to pinpoint what good work entails. We discuss the functions of paid work and the consequences of unemployment for individuals and societies. We then turn to what economists, sociologists and psychologists have written about good work. From this literature we distil three core characteristics of good work, which also align with survey findings about what people in the Netherlands expect from their jobs. We then discuss why good work is so important for individuals, companies, the economy and society.
Control Over Work
Authors: Kremer Monique , Went Robert , Engbersen Godfried 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCompared to their counterparts in most European countries, Dutch workers enjoy more control over their work. Yet burnout is on the rise. Almost half of all workers report they they lack sufficient autonomy. Are more people losing control over their work, or does this problem only affect specific groups concealed below the surface of the overall averages? This chaper explores these questions and examines how the automation, flexibilization and intensification of labour may affect people’s control over work.
Measuring Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Hadler Markus , Klösch Beate , Schwarzinger Stephan , Schweighart Markus , Wardana Rebecca , Bird David Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the theoretical approaches to environmental attitudes and behaviors. It includes a discussion of different scales and surveys used in other programs with a focus on this topic. Scales measuring general environmental behavior, just like items in surveys, tend to focus on behavioral intentions and are correlated with environmentally friendly attitudes. In contrast, emission-related behavior depends more on context and socio-demographic characteristics and is rarely asked in surveys. Gaps frequently occur between environmental attitudes and general behaviors—the value-action gap—and between environmental behaviors and the actual ecological consequences of actions—the behavior-impact gap. Finally, previous results and problems encountered in the validation of self-reports on environmental behavior are highlighted.