bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lecture: "Digital technologies of modern forensics"
Authors: Бастрыкин А.И. 
Published: January 2021

В данной лекции содержится теоретико-практический материал, отражающий дискуссионные вопросы внедрения цифровых технологий современной науки криминологии в Российской Федерации. Специально показывается, что развитие цифровых технологий предъявляет повышенные требования к обеспечению деятельности следователей при использовании цифровых технологий: при доказывании юридических фактов; оптимизации процессуальных и управленческих процессов, как на стадии возбуждения уголовного дела, так и в ходе расследования преступления; решении проблем, возникающих при внедрении новых информационных технологий в правоприменительную практику.
Автор предлагает внимательно проанализировать действующую нормативную правовую базу с целью ее корректировки в направлении повышения эффективности использования цифровых технологий в современной криминалистике.
This lecture contains theoretical and practical material, reflecting the debatable issues of the introduction of digital technologies of the modern science of criminology in the Russian Federation. It is specially shown that the development of digital technologies imposes increased requirements for ensuring the activities of investigators when using digital technologies: when proving legal facts; optimization of procedural and managerial processes, both at the stage of initiating a criminal case and during the investigation of a crime; solving problems arising from the introduction of new information technologies into law enforcement practice.
The author proposes to carefully analyze the current regulatory legal framework in order to correct it in the direction of increasing the efficiency of using digital technologies in modern criminology.
Energy Fluxes and Evapotranspiration in a Rubber Agroecosystem of the Southern Thailand
Authors: RUAIRUEN Watcharee , FOCHESATTO Gilberto J. , KASEMSAP Poonpipope , CHAYAWAT Chompunut 
Published: January 2021

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in land surface atmosphere interaction which significantly drives hydrological cycle, vegetation functioning resulting to agricultural production. In this study, observations of energy fluxes, energy partitioning, and evapotranspiration (ET) were conducted on a monoclonal stand of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) plot (clone RRIM 600) in 2017. The forestry population was 17 years old and had been tapped continuously over 10 years for latex harvesting at the Rubber Estate Organization station in Na Bon district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Thailand. The ET rate and associated energy fluxes were determined by means of eddy covariance (EC) method and complemented by micrometeorological measurements at 25 m tall tower. Tree stands were spaced on plots of 3.0×7.0 m2 with mean canopy height of 22 m. Data were collected during January 1 to September 27, 2017. Results found that the energy balance closure of the rubber agroecosystem was approximately 78 %. Overall, the latent heat (LE) flux was the main term of energy exchange (58 - 60 %) due to its dominance across the growing season. The ratios of the latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) to net radiation were 0.58 and 0.24 throughout the period of study, respectively. Moreover, the daily mean of evapotranspiration (ET) was 7.16 mm.d-1 over the whole period of this study. However, a slightly higher rate of daily mean ET (7.35 mm.d-1) was indicated during the foliage period than during the leaf senescence period due to sufficient soil moisture associated with high rate of seasonal precipitation. It is concluded, that ET is an extremely sensitive variable to understand in energy flow in this ecosystems as well as a precursor for presetting condition for droughts prognosis (forecast) in a rubber ecosystem.
KOMPARASI PENERIMAAN PAJAK DAERAH KOTA DAN KABUPATEN DI INDONESIA SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG PAJAK DAERAH DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH
Authors: Juliarini Aniek 
Published: January 2021

Undang-undang Nomor 28 tahun 2009 tentang Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah (UU PDRD) dilahirkan agar kemandirian daerah meningkat. Kemandirian daerah dicerminkan oleh besarnya kontribusi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) terhadap Anggaran Pendapatan danBelanja Daerah (APBD), sementara pajak daerah merupakan kompunen penting dalam PAD. Penelitian ini menganalisis penerimaan pajak daerah kota/kabupaten se-Indonesia dan kontribusinya terhadap PAD, setelah berlakunya UU PDRD. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan data sekunder berupa data penerimaan pajak kota/kabupaten se-Indonesia tahun 2010-2017 diperoleh dari laman Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan, dan data primer berupa hasil wawancara terhadap pejabat pemerintah daerah, dan kuisioner kepada petugas pajak daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1)perkembangan penerimaan pajak daerah kabupaten lebih kecil daripada kota; 2) perkembangan kontribusi pajak daerah terhadap PAD di kabupaten lebih kecil daripada di kota; 3) perkembangan APBD Kabupaten lebih besar daripada APBD Kota. Perkembanganpajak daerah kabupaten yang lebih kecil daripada kota disebabkan antara lain karena objek pajak pada UU PDRD lebih berorientasi pada kegiatan ekonomi perkotaan, dan aturan-aturan yang multi tafsir ataupun yang kurang mendukung. Disarankan agar dapat dipungut jenispajak lain yang sesuai bagi wilayah kabupaten yakni yang berbasis kegiatan ekonomi desa, misal wisata desa, dan aturan-aturan yang lebih mendukung.
Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies (UU PDRD) was born in order to increase regional independence. Regional independence is reflected by the amount of the contribution of the Regional Own Revenue (PAD) to the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD), while local taxes are an important component in the PAD. This study analyzes the tax revenue of cities/regencies throughout Indonesia and its contribution to PAD, after the enactment of the PDRD Law. This study using descriptive qualitative methods, with secondary data in the form of city/regency tax revenue in Indonesia in 2010-2017 obtained from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance page, and primary data in the form of interviews with local government officials, and questionnaires to local tax officials. The results are: 1) the development of district tax revenue is smaller than the city; 2) the development of the contribution of local taxes on PAD in the district is smaller than in the city; 3) the development of Regency APBD is greater than the City APBD. The development of district tax that is smaller than the city is partly cause of the tax object in the PDRD Law is more oriented to urban economic activities, and rules that are multi-interpreted or less supportive. It’s recommended that other types of taxes be collected that are suitable for the regency, namely those based on village economic activities, eg village tourism, and more supportive rules, and more supportive rules.
Qt Interval Parameters, Anti-Ro Antibody Status, and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Azharudeen Mohamed , Thabah Molly Mary , Satheesh Santhosh , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: January 2021

Background The QT interval a marker of ventricular depolarization and repolarization is reported to be prolonged in some proportion of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We studied electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, in particular QT interval and its relationship with anti-Ro antibodies, disease activity, and serum interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) in SLE. Methods A 12-lead resting ECG was performed on 140 adult SLE patients fulfilling SLICC/ACR classification criteria. All patients received hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone. Corrected QT (QTc) ≥440 milliseconds (ms) was defined as prolonged QTc. QT dispersion (QTd) ≥60 ms was defined as increased QTd. Results Eighty-four patients had some form of ECG abnormality. Prolongation of QTc and QTd was present in 24 (17.1%) and 50 (35.7%) respectively. Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were present in 63 (45%). Prolongation of QTc in anti-Ro positive versus anti-Ro negative was 17.5% and 17% respectively, p=0.98. Prolongation of QTd in anti-Ro-positive versus anti-Ro-negative was 32% and 39% respectively, p=0.37. Prolonged QTc was observed in 15% patients with SLEDAI ≤4 compared to 17.5% patients with SLEDAI ≥5, p=0.78. The median serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 were similar in the groups with and without prolonged QTc, with and without prolonged QTd. On binary logistic regression analyses neither clinical nor laboratory factors were predictors of prolonged QTc. However, having valvular regurgitation and hypercholesterolemia was associated with significantly reduced odds of having prolonged QTd, adjusted OR 0.33 (CI 0.14-0.83), p=0.018 and 0.19 (CI 0.05-0.80), p=0.023 respectively. Those with high LDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia had a significantly higher odds of having a normal QTd with adjusted OR of 4.34 (1.31-14.46) p=0.017 and 5.59 (1.62-19.38) p=0.007 respectively. Conclusion Though 17% and 35% SLE patients have QTc and QTd prolongation, association with anti-Ro antibodies or disease activity was absent. A large proportion has other asymptomatic ECG abnormalities that may reflect subclinical cardiac involvement.
Diphtheria in the Current Era of Universal Vaccination
Authors: Sachan Anurag , Jain Sanjay 
Published: January 2021

Diphtheria is a vaccination preventable infectious disease with local and systemic complications predominantly affecting upper respiratory tract in younger (<5-year age) children. Its virulence is due to its ability to produce toxin which can cause fatal complications such as myocarditis and permanent damage in form of peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis of diphtheria is primarily clinical supported by demonstration of toxin producing bacteria by culture. Early diagnosis and management with diphtheria anti-toxin can prevent mortality and morbidity. Here we present a case of 16-year-old boy managed with azithromycin, amoxycillin-clavulanic acid and diphtheria anti-toxin with complete recovery. This case brings out the importance of recognising the re-emergence of diphtheria in older age groups. Lacunae in the universal immunisation process, rumours on vaccination effects and poor living conditions for refugee population are likely reasons in Asia and Europe. Universal immunisation, early diagnosis, prophylaxis and adequate supportive care are measures to prevent it.
The Great Gamble? A Mixed-Methods Study of Factors Influencing Medical Students in Specialty Choice
Authors: Croghan Stefanie M , Baker Tom 
Published: January 2021

Background Career planning remains relatively unexplored as a domain of medical education. Our aim was to explore the career planning journey undertaken by medical students. Methods Mixed-methods data collection was employed. An online questionnaire was distributed to interns (Foundation Year 1 (FY1) equivalents) across Ireland. A focus group was held to further explore themes. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis was applied to findings. Results Approximately one third of participants had decided their future specialty. Important factors in career choice were ‘interest in specific [specialty] aspects,’ ‘work-life balance,’ ‘personality type’ of others in the specialty, an enjoyable experience on rotation and role models. Negative influential factors included poor conduct of doctors encountered and negative portrayals of specialities by practicing doctors. Conclusion The undergraduate and early postgraduate periods are formative times in career planning for junior doctors. Students and interns/FY1s are strongly influenced by doctors in the clinical setting, and clinicians should be aware of this power to exert both positive and negative influence.
Review of <em> Social Workers Count: Numbers and Social Issues </em> by Michael Anthony Lewis
Authors: Catalano Michael T 
Published: January 2021

Lewis, Michael Anthony. 2017. Social Workers Count: Numbers and Social Issues. 2019. New York: Oxford University Press. 223 pp. ISBN 978-019046713-5
The numeracy movement, although largely birthed within the mathematics community, is an outside-the-box endeavor which has always sought to break down or at least transgress traditional disciplinary boundaries. Michael Anthony Lewis’s book is a testament that this effort is succeeding. Lewis is a social worker and sociologist with an impressive resume, author of Economics for Social Workers, co-editor of The Ethics and Economics of the Basic Income Guarantee, and member of the faculty at the Silberman School of Social Work at Hunter College and the City University of New York Graduate Center. Although explicitly targeted to social work students and professionals, the nine chapters here provide a good quantitative literacy education accessible to the general public and include a great many of the topics one would find in a "standard" quantitative literacy text written by a mathematician. The examples, despite being rooted in social work, are interesting and relevant to those outside that discipline, and speak to Lewis’s breadth of knowledge and the skill of being able to make connections between different types of knowledge and evidence that is inherent in being a numerate person.
Resveratrol is cytotoxic and acts synergistically with NF-κB inhibition in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells
Authors: Xu Ning , Wang Lili , Fu Shiping , Jiang Bin 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionOsteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone. The existing adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, while improving the overall survival, have been limited by the significant systemic toxicity. Substantial clinical and research efforts are being invested to develop novel pharmaceutical agents. Resveratrol (Res) has been suggested to have a chemopreventive effect. However, the mechanism of Res in osteosarcoma remains to be elucidated.Material and methodsThe MG-63 osteosarcoma cell culture model was used to investigate the chemotherapeutic effect of Res. MTT assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell migration assay were used to document the effect of Res on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. Apoptosis in MG-63 cells was quantified with the TUNEL assay. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the molecular changes following Res treatment. Data processing and analysis were conducted using GraphPad Prism 5.0. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOur data suggested that Res blocks cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and activates apoptotic cell death in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. We found that Res potentially down-regulates nuclear factor B (NF-B) and Akt intracellular signaling transduction. Moreover, the combination of Res and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-B inhibitor, resulted in synergistic growth inhibition of osteosarcoma.ConclusionsOur in vitro preclinical study in the MG-63 cell line model supports the translation of Res to the clinical management of patients with osteosarcoma.
Tumor necrosis factor α, protein gene product 9.5, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 presence in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions in children under one year of age
Authors: Junga Anna , Pilmane Māra , Ābola Zane , Volrāts Olafs 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe regulatory role of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodeling factors in congenital intra-abdominal adhesions has not yet been defined. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and relative distribution of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in adhesions.Material and methodsTNF-α, PGP 9.5, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were detected using immunohistochemical methods and their relative distribution was evaluated by means of the semiquantitative counting method. The results were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods.ResultsA moderate number of TNF-α positive macrophages and fibroblasts was found. A positive correlation was observed between the immunoreactive structures for TNF-α and PGP 9.5. A positive reaction for PGP 9.5 was observed in nerve fibers and shape modified fibroblasts. In control group tissues, positive structures were seen in significantly higher counts for PGP 9.5. Few to moderate numbers of MMP-2 positive macrophages, epithelioid cells, fibroblasts and endotheliocytes were detected. There was no significant difference between the groups. A positive reaction for TIMP-2 was seen in fibroblasts, macrophages and endotheliocytes. In control group tissues, positive structures were found in significantly higher counts for TIMP-2.ConclusionsThe positive correlation between the immunoreactive structures for TNF-α and PGP 9.5 suggests that nerve in-growth into intraabdominal adhesions might be induced by TNF-α and PGP 9.5 could have a role in maintaining inflammation. The down-regulation of PGP 9.5 suggests that pathogenesis of congenital intraabdominal adhesions may be related to hypoxia induced damage. The imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 may prove tissue fibrosis as a response to congenital peritoneal adhesions.
PCSK9 genetic variants and cognitive abilities: a large-scale Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lyall Donald , Ward Joey , Banach Maciej , Smith George , Gill Jason , Pell Jill , Holmes Michael , Sattar Naveed 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPCSK9 inhibitors lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and are efficacious at reducing vascular disease, however questions remain about potential effects on cognitive function.MethodsWe examined the association of genetic variants in PCSK9 with continuous measures of cognitive ability in UK Biobank. Six independent polymorphisms in PCSK9 were used in up to 337,348 individuals.ResultsThe PCSK9 allele score was associated with a lower risk of CHD, and weakly with worse log reaction time.ConclusionsWe are unable to rule out meaningful associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with cognition, emphasising the potential need for continued pharmacovigilance for patients currently treated with PCSK9 inhibitors.
Serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn’s disease activity
Authors: Słowińska-Solnica Krystyna , Pawlica-Gosiewska Dorota , Gawlik Katarzyna , Owczarek Danuta , Cibor Dorota , Pocztar Halina , Mach Tomasz , Solnica Bogdan 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic characteristics of selected inflammatory markers and the results of multiplication of their concentrations in the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn’s disease (CD) activity.Material and methodsWe studied 49 patients with CD and 31 healthy controls. The CD patients were assigned to subgroups with active and inactive disease based on the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index score. Serum interleukins and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using immunoassays.ResultsSerum CRP and interleukins: IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23 were significantly higher in the CD group than in controls, with the best diagnostic performance for IL-23. Only serum IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in active than in inactive disease, with the better performance of CRP. Multiplication results did not perform better than individual multipliers.ConclusionsSerum CRP may be useful in the assessment of CD activity and there is a need for introduction of IL-23 for the CD diagnosis.
Time efficiency of direct anterior hip arthroplasty compared to postero-lateral approach in elderly patients
Authors: Skowronek Paweł , Wojciechowski Artur , Wypniewski Krzysztof , Sibiński Marcin , Polguj Michał , Maksymiuk-Kłos Agnieszka , Piątkiewicz Paweł 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionPrimary arthroplasty of the hip joint is currently one of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopedics. In Poland we are observing significant changes in the age structure. With the prolonged life more and more elderly patients require musculoskeletal surgery to maintain comfortable and painless mobility. Reducing the duration of the procedure reduces the costs of anesthesiology, surgical and instrument teams, as well as the operating room technical team. The aim of the study was to compare the time required to perform hip joint arthroplasty by the direct anterior approach (DAA) with the postero-lateral approach (PLA) in our hospital.Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of 559 total and bipolar cemented and cementless hip replacement procedures based on two operative approaches – the minimally invasive DAA over the course of 2 years, and the standard PLA over the course of 3 years – was performed.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the approaches used for cementless total arthroplasty with regard to the mean treatment times: 51.9 min for the 272 DAA cases, and 78.3 min for the 190 PLA cases (p < 0.0001). For the cementless hemi-arthroplasty procedure, the mean treatment times were 46.9 min in 36 patients for DAA, and 48.2 min for 61 patients for PLA (p = 0.57).ConclusionsMinimally invasive DAA significantly shortens the time of the procedure in elderly patients compared to PLA. Further study is needed to analyze other aspects of those two approaches.
Urate crystal deposition in hyperuricemic children: a dual energy computed tomography study
Authors: Ying Qianqian , Wang Jiapei , Li Yunyan , Sun Nan , Di Yazhen , Shen Mengjiao , Fu Shiwei 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe incidence of hyperuricemia (HUA) at younger ages is increasing along the coastal regions of China. This study aimed to compare the frequency of dual energy CT (DECT) urate crystal deposition between symptomatic hyperuricemic children and asymptomatic hyperuricemic children.Material and methodsFifty-six hyperuricemic children were divided into a Joint Group (n = 33) and an Asymptomatic Group (n = 23) according to whether they had a history of arthritis symptoms, which includes rapid onset monoarthritis with intense pain and swelling. We analyzed DECT scans of their feet from the Joint Group and the Asymptomatic Group and compared their clinical features.ResultsDECT urate deposits were observed in 28/33 (84.8%) children with symptomatic HUA and 14/23 (60.9%) with asymptomatic HUA. We found 60 areas of urate deposition in the Joint Group; DECT urate crystal deposition was most frequently observed in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (30.0%), ankle joint (15.0%), and calcaneus (13.3%). 39 urate deposits were found in the Asymptomatic Group; DECT urate crystal deposition was most frequently observed in the calcaneus (25.6%), the first MTP joint (17.9%), and the first phalanx (15.4%).ConclusionsUrate deposition can occur in children with HUA, and these deposits occur more frequently in hyperuricemic children with a history of arthritis symptoms. Also, the urate deposition in the first MTP joint and calcaneus was more prevalent than in other joints. It is important to give more attention to hyperuricemic children.