bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of bromelain on the quality of smoked salted duck
Authors: Ye Ziqing , Zhang Jian , Lorenzo José M. , Zhang Mutian , Zhang Wangang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study was aimed to assess the effects of bromelain on the eating quality of smoked salted duck. Whole ducks were marinated with different doses of bromelain (300 U/g, 600 U/g, 900 U/g, 1,200 U/g and 1,500 U/g), while the group without bromelain was considered as control (CK). After the production of smoked salted duck was completed, the pH, color, texture, electronic tongue detection, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and mass spectrometry analysis were determined. The results showed that, compared to CK, the pH, TBARS and hardness values in 900, 1,200 and 1,500 U/g groups were reduced. The cohesiveness and the springiness were increased while the values of b* were decreased in all bromelain treatments (p < .05). The SDS‐PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that myosin and actin were further hydrolyzed into small‐molecule proteins by bromelain. Electronic tongue detection showed that the umami, the saltiness and the richness of smoked salted duck were enhanced, while the bitterness was reduced at the dose of 900 U/g. Thus, bromelain improved the eating quality of smoked salted duck in particular at the level of 900 U/g.
Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus status and treatment modality in hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Burbure Nina , Handorf Elizabeth , Ridge John A. , Bauman Jessica , Liu Jeffrey C. , Giri Anshu , Galloway Thomas J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundManagement of hypopharynx cancer is often extrapolated from larynx cancer. This report analyses treatment patterns and survival limited to hypopharynx cancer using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThere are 9314 patients diagnosed with hypopharynx cancer between 2004 and 2016. The association between treatment modality and survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression.ResultsFive‐year overall survival ranged from 45% for stage I to 21% for stage IVB. Treatment modality did not influence survival in stage I/II. For stage III/IV, chemoradiation and surgery + adjuvant therapy were equivalent. Surgery yielded improved survival for T4 disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive tumors were present in 21% and were associated with improved hazard ratio of death (0.60, p = <0.0001).ConclusionsSurvival is superior for T4 hypopharynx cancer managed with surgery, while treatment modality does not impact outcomes for other T‐stages. HPV‐positive tumors are associated with improved survival regardless of treatment.
Assess hydrological responses to a warming climate at the Lysina Critical Zone Observatory in Central Europe
Authors: Zheng Wenjuan , Lamačová Anna , Yu Xuan , Krám Pavel , Hruška Jakub , Zahradníček Pavel , Štěpánek Petr , Farda Aleš 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClimate warming is having profound effects on the hydrological cycle by increasing atmospheric demand, changing water availability, and snow seasonality. Europe suffered three distinct heat waves in 2019, and 11 of the 12 hottest years ever recorded took place in the past two decades, which will potentially change seasonal streamflow patterns and long‐term trends. Central Europe exhibited six dry years in a row since 2014. This study uses data from a well‐documented headwater catchment in Central Europe (Lysina) to explore hydrological responses to a warming climate. We applied a lumped parameter hydrologic model Brook90 and a distributed model Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) to simulate long‐term hydrological change under future climate scenarios. Both models performed well on historic streamflow and in agreement with each other according to the catchment water budget. In addition, PIHM was able to simulate lateral groundwater redistribution within the catchment validated by the groundwater table dynamics. The long‐term trends in runoff and low flow were captured by PIHM only. We applied different EURO‐CORDEX models with two emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways RCP 4.5, 8.5) and found significant impacts on runoff and evapotranspiration (ET) for the period of 2071–2100. Results from both models suggested reduced runoff and increased ET, while the monthly distribution of runoff was different. We used this catchment study to understand the importance of subsurface processes in projection of hydrologic response to a warming climate.
Minimally invasive surgery and abdominal radical hysterectomy in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Yuanyi , Deng Ting , Gu Shequn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare risk of recurrence and death related to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) in early‐stage cervical cancer (CC) patients.MethodsAll relevant literatures in databases were retrieved from the built time of databases to October 2020. Observational studies comparing MIS and ARH in early‐stage CC patients were involved. Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment, including studies with a score of at least 6. Main outcomes involved overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsTwenty‐two studies were involved, including 14 894 patients, among which 7213 (48.6%) underwent MIS. The OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.43) and DFS (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07–1.42) of patients undergoing MIS was obviously shortened compared with those of patients undergoing ARH. Subgroup analysis revealed that OS (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.10–1.74) and DFS (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.18–1.74) of patients with a tumor ≥2 cm in diameter were significantly reduced by MIS.ConclusionOverall survival and DFS after MIS for early‐stage CC treatment were worse than those after ARH, especially for patients with a tumor ≥2 cm in diameter.
Development and validation of a predictive model for severe postpartum hemorrhage in women undergoing vaginal delivery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chenning , Xu Yunzhe , Li Jinsheng , Guan Zhihong , Liu Chenan , He Fang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a predictive tool to accurately screen women at high risk of severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPPH) undergoing vaginal delivery.MethodsWe analyzed 28 150 mothers who underwent vaginal delivery after 28 weeks of pregnancy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2015 to August 2019. Two‐thirds of the cohort were randomly allocated to a training set (n = 18 766) and the rest to a validation set (n = 9384). In the training set, we built a radiomic nomogram based on multivariate logistic analysis, and calibration and C‐index were evaluated. The performance of the validated nomogram was then tested in the validation cohort.ResultsIndependent risk factors for SPPH in women undergoing vaginal delivery were previous cesarean section, history of PPH, in vitro fertilization, anemia, intrauterine death, prolonged labor, low‐lying placenta, placental abruption, placenta accreta spectrum, and macrosomia. Good calibration was observed for the probability of SPPH in the validation cohort, and the C‐index of the nomogram for the prediction of SPPH was 0.861 (95% confidence interval 0.820–0.902).ConclusionThis model would be a useful tool to accurately screen for women at high‐risk of SPPH undergoing vaginal delivery. It would be expected to be an effective tool to guide clinical practice and further reduce maternal mortality.
A comparison of metal/metal and ceramic/metal taper‐trunnion modular connections in explanted total hip replacements
Authors: Cadel Eileen S. , Topoleski L.D. Timmie , Vesnovsky Oleg , Anderson Charles R. , Hopper Robert H. , Engh Charles A. , Di Prima Matthew A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCorrosion and wear are commonly found at the taper‐trunnion connection of modular total hip arthroplasty (THA) explanted devices. While metal/metal (M/M) modular taper‐trunnion connections exhibit more wear/corrosion than ceramic/metal (C/M) modular taper‐trunnion connections, damage is present in both, regardless of material. This study used a combination of assessment techniques including clinical data, visual scoring assessment, optical imaging, profilometry, and x‐ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), to investigate wear mechanisms and damage features at the modular taper‐trunnion connection of 10 M/M and 8 C/M explanted THAs. No correlation was found between any demographic variable and corrosion wear and assessment scores. All assessment techniques demonstrated that the stem trunnions had more damage than head tapers for both explant groups and agreed that C/M explants had less corrosion and wear compared to M/M explants. However, visual assessment scores differed between assessment techniques when evaluating the tapers and trunnions within the two groups. Profilometry showed an increase (p <.05) in surface roughness for stem trunnions compared to head tapers for both explant groups. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy performed on deposits from two M/M explants found chromium and molybdenum carbides beneath the surface while chromium sulfate and aged bone mineral were found on the surface suggesting that the debris is a result of corrosion rather than wear. These results indicate that taper‐trunnion damage is more prevalent for M/M explants, but C/M explants are still susceptible to damage. More comprehensive analysis of damage is necessary to better understand the origins of taper‐trunnion damage.
The role of circRNA derived from RUNX2 in the serum of osteoarthritis and its clinical value
Authors: Wang Chengyun , Li Nanzhu , Liu Qi , Su Lianbin , Wang Sisheng , Chen Yongfa , Liu Maosheng , Lin Huirong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to affect the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA) and is expected to become a potential marker for disease diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between circRNA derived from the gene of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and OA risk.MethodsThe expression profile of RUNX2‐derived circRNAs in serum of OA patients was detected. Then, the cytological localization of screened differential circRNAs was studied. Luciferase (LUC) reporter assay was used to identify the microRNA (miRNA) sponge capacity of the circRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis was used to construct the functional pathway of this circRNA‐miRNAs network. And then, the diagnostic value of RUNX2‐derived circRNAs in OA was evaluated.ResultsRUNX2‐derived hsa_circ_0005526 (circ_RUNX2) is significantly highly expressed in OA serum and mainly located in the cytoplasm within the cartilage cell by sponging multiple miRNAs (miR‐498, miR‐924, miR‐361‐3p, and miR‐665). Bioinformatics analysis showed ECM‐receptor interaction pathway ranked the most significant pathway of circ_RUNX2‐miRNAs regulatory network in KEGG database. The ROC curve showed that there may be good diagnostic value of serum circ_RUNX2 in OA.ConclusionRUNX2‐derived circ_RUNX2 may be involved in OA development via ECM‐receptor interaction pathways and may be used as potential clinical indicator of OA.
Estimating simazine‐treated area in watersheds based on annual stream loads
Authors: Lerch Robert N. , Willett Cammy D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExisting data in the United States are insufficient for estimating pesticide‐treated crop areas at the watershed scale. The objective of this research was to evaluate an approach for estimating simazine usage on corn (Zea mays L.) based on its transport to streams of the Salt River Basin (SRB) of Missouri, USA. Annual loads of total simazine and atrazine (parent + metabolites) were quantified for seven SRB watersheds from 2005 to 2017. Simazine‐treated corn area was computed as the total simazine load (g) divided by total atrazine load (g ha–1) on a treated area basis; atrazine was used as surrogate in the absence of treated area simazine load data. From 2005 to 2010, an estimated 3.8–31% of the corn area within SRB watersheds was treated with simazine, and four of six watersheds had <10% of corn treated. In contrast, Long Branch Creek (2005–2017) and its sub‐watersheds (2012–2017) had ≥20% of corn area treated with simazine. Key sources of variation in treated area estimates included extremely dry years with little simazine transport and disparities between spring‐applied atrazine and fall‐applied simazine transport. However, compared with national estimates for the SRB, these results estimated simazine usage that was generally one to two orders of magnitude greater and showed far more spatial and temporal variation among watersheds. These results demonstrated that this broadly applicable output‐based method is a significant improvement over existing input‐based national data for estimating pesticide usage in watersheds.
Biodistribution of extracellular vesicles following administration into animals: A systematic review
Authors: Kang Matthew , Jordan Vanessa , Blenkiron Cherie , Chamley Lawrence W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, attention has turned to examining the biodistribution of EVs in recipient animals to bridge between knowledge of EV function in vitro and in vivo. We undertook a systematic review of the literature to summarize the biodistribution of EVs following administration into animals. There were time‐dependent changes in the biodistribution of small‐EVs which were most abundant in the liver. Detection peaked in the liver and kidney in the first hour after administration, while distribution to the lungs and spleen peaked between 2–12 h. Large‐EVs were most abundant in the lungs with localization peaking in the first hour following administration and decreased between 2–12 h. In contrast, large‐EV localization to the liver increased as the levels in the lungs decreased. There was moderate to low localization of large‐EVs to the kidneys while localization to the spleen was typically low. Regardless of the origin or size of the EVs or the recipient species into which the EVs were administered, the biodistribution of the EVs was largely to the liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen. There was extreme variability in the methodology between studies and we recommend that guidelines should be developed to promote standardization where possible of future EV biodistribution studies.
Project Khanya: results from a pilot randomized type 1 hybrid effectiveness‐implementation trial of a peer‐delivered behavioural intervention for ART adherence and substance use in HIV care in South Africa
Authors: Magidson Jessica F , Joska John A , Belus Jennifer M , Andersen Lena S , Regenauer Kristen S , Rose Alexandra L , Myers Bronwyn , Majokweni Sybil , O’Cleirigh Conall , Safren Steven A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionSouth Africa (SA) has the highest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) globally, and a significant burden of alcohol and other drug use (AOD). Although integrating AOD treatment into HIV care may improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, this is not typically routine practice in SA or other low‐resource settings. Identifying interventions that are feasible and acceptable for implementation is critical to improve HIV and AOD outcomes.MethodsA pilot randomized hybrid type 1 effectiveness‐implementation trial (N = 61) was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Khanya, a task‐shared, peer‐delivered behavioral intervention to improve ART adherence and reduce AOD in HIV care in SA. Khanya was compared to enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU), a facilitated referral to on‐site AOD treatment. Implementation outcomes, defined by Proctor’s model, included feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness and fidelity. Primary pilot effectiveness outcomes were ART adherence at post‐treatment (three months) measured via real‐time electronic adherence monitoring, and AOD measured using biomarker and self‐report assessments over six months. Data collection was conducted from August 2018 to April 2020.Results and discussionNinety‐one percent of participants (n = 56) were retained at six months. The intervention was highly feasible, acceptable, appropriate and delivered with fidelity (>90% of components delivered as intended by the peer). There was a significant treatment‐by‐time interaction for ART adherence (estimate = −0.287 [95% CI = −0.507, −0.066]), revealing a 6.4 percentage point increase in ART adherence in Khanya, and a 22.3 percentage point decline in ETAU. Both groups evidenced significant reductions in alcohol use measured using phosphatidylethanol (PEth) (F(2,101) = 4.16, p = 0.01), significantly decreased likelihood of self‐reported moderate or severe AOD (F(2,104) = 7.02, p = 0.001), and significant declines in alcohol use quantity on the timeline follow‐back (F(2,102) = 21.53, p < 0.001). Among individuals using drugs and alcohol, there was a greater reduction in alcohol use quantity in Khanya compared to ETAU over six months (F(2,31) = 3.28, p = 0.05).ConclusionsResults of this pilot trial provide initial evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of the Khanya intervention for improving adherence in an underserved group at high risk for ongoing ART non‐adherence and HIV transmission. Implementation results suggest that peers may be a potential strategy to extend task‐sharing models for behavioral health in resource‐limited, global settings.
The moonlighting activities of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase: Biotechnological and biomedical applications
Authors: Fleminger Gideon , Dayan Avraham 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) is a homodimeric flavin‐dependent enzyme that catalyzes the NAD+‐dependent oxidation of dihydrolipoamide. The enzyme is part of several multi‐enzyme complexes such as the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase system that transforms pyruvate into acetyl‐co‐A. Concomitantly with its redox activity, DLDH produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are involved in cellular apoptotic processes. DLDH possesses several moonlighting functions. One of these is the capacity to adhere to metal‐oxides surfaces. This was first exemplified by the presence of an exocellular form of the enzyme on the cell‐wall surface ofRhodococcus ruber. This capability was evolutionarily conserved and identified in the human, mitochondrial, DLDH. The enzyme was modified with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) groups, which enabled its interaction with integrin‐rich cancer cells followed by “integrin‐assisted‐endocytosis.” This allowed harnessing the enzyme for cancer therapy. Combining the TiO2‐binding property with DLDH's ROS‐production, enabled us to develop several medical applications including improving oesseointegration of TiO2‐based implants and photodynamic treatment for melanoma. The TiO2‐binding sites of both the bacterial and human DLDH's were identified on the proteins' molecules at regions that overlap with the binding site of E3‐binding protein (E3BP). This protein is essential in forming the multiunit structure of PDC. Another moonlighting activity of DLDH, which is described in this Review, is its DNA‐binding capacity that may affect DNA chelation and shredding leading to apoptotic processes in living cells. The typical ROS‐generation by DLDH, which occurs in association with its enzymatic activity and its implications in cancer and apoptotic cell death are also discussed.
System modeling of micro‐grid with hybrid energy sources for optimal energy management—A hybrid elephant herding optimization algorithm‐adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system approach
Authors: Durairasan M. , Ramprakash S. , Balasubramanian Divya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis manuscript proposes a hybrid method for system modeling and optimal allocation of low cost micro‐grid. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of the enhanced elephant herding optimization algorithm (EHOA) and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) named as EHO‐ANFIS. By using MG inputs, such as solar photovoltaic, wind turbine (WT), micro turbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), and battery energy storage system. EHO optimizes micro‐grid configuration in minimal fuel costs based on needed load requirement. Here, learning phase of ANFIS is utilized for predicting the load requirement. EHOA reduces operation and maintenance costs, emission cost on the basis of the predicted load requirement. The proposed method is executed in MATLAB/Simulink site and the robustness of the proposed method is compared with different existing methods. In the proposed method, the maximal generated power of photovoltaic represents 6 kW, wind turbine indicates 7.8 kW, micro turbine denotes 11.8 kW, FC implies 6.8 kW, and battery refers 3 kW. By utilizing genetic algorithm, the generated power of photovoltaic signifies 7 kW, WT implicates 6 kW, MT implicates 4 kW, FC refers 7 kW, and battery implies 14 kW. The proposed method has minimal cost effective depending on its load demand. The computational time of the proposed technique under 100, 250, 500, and 1000 trails is 5600, 14 000, 28 000, and 56 000 s.
Analysis of the determining factors of detectable P‐wave and amplitude of QRS complex sensed by implantable loop recorder
Authors: Ahn Jang Ho , Ryu Hyunho , Oh Il‐Young , Cho Youngjin , Lee Ji Hyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetermining factors for sufficient QRS amplitude and discernible P‐wave sensing in implantable loop recorder (ILR) are unknown. We aimed to investigate determining factors and ILR implantation angle that may improve QRS complex and P‐wave sensing in ILR.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 220 patients who underwent ILR implantation or follow‐up analysis. Patient demographic, clinical, echocardiography, electrocardiography, heart angle, and ILR angle data were collected as predictor variables. Associations between ILR QRS amplitude/P‐wave detectability and each predictor variable were investigated.ResultsUnivariate linear regression showed that ILR QRS amplitude was significantly associated with age, height, ILR angle, and QRS amplitudes of 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (lead I, II, aVR [inverted aVR], aVF, V1–V6) and Holter ECG (lead V3, V5). Among discrete variables, only left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) affected ILR QRS amplitude (P = .016). A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ILR angle (β = −0.008, P < .001), lead aVR amplitude (β = 0.469, P = .003), Holter lead V5 amplitude (β = 0.116, P = .049), Age (β = −0.005, P = .014), and LVH (β = 0.213, P = .031) were independent determinants of ILR QRS amplitude. Logistic regression revealed that heart angle significantly affected ILR P‐wave detectability (β = 0.12, P = .008). Multiple logistic regression revealed that heart angle (β = 0.121, P = .013) and lead V1 amplitude (β = 28.1, P = .034) were independent determinants of ILR P‐wave detectability.ConclusionILR insertion angle, lead aVR QRS amplitude, Holter lead V5 QRS amplitude, age, and LVH are determinants of ILR QRS amplitude. Heart angle and lead V1 P‐wave amplitude of 12‐lead ECG are determinants of ILR P‐wave detectability.