bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A conceptual framework for managing post-disaster reconstruction projects in emerging economies: the case of Angola
Authors: Sospeter Nyamagere Gladys , Rwelamila Pantaleo D. , Gimbi Joaquim J. 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study develops a conceptual framework appropriate for managing Post-Disaster Reconstruction Projects (PDRPs) so as to avoid cost and time overruns in Angola.Design/methodology/approachAn explanatory sequential mixed research approach was used. Data was collected from project participants within the ministry of planning, the provincial government office of planning and the local government in Angola. A questionnaire with closed questions was completed by 130 survey respondents. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with seven participants selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics, t-test and content analysis were used to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.FindingsThe study indicates that there is presently no formal project management process. Neither have government project management standards been developed and broadcast. This results in ad hoc processes being mostly used for managing PDRPs. The study further presents disaster preparation programme, community engagement, resources and stakeholder's engagement, post-disaster procurement policies, financial guides, post-disaster recovery legislation, context-specific (social economic, demographic, political and cultural variables), programme preparation as essential components to be considered for developing an appropriate framework for managing PDRPs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by its geographical settings which focussed the results on one province in Angola. However, the findings can be useful for other countries wishing to gain insights on the framework with “overlooked components” for managing DPRPs in emerging countries with similar disaster environment, government policies and same business environment.Practical implicationsThe framework for managing PDRPs may positively impact project realization, hence minimization of time and cost overruns. The findings are vital for managers, local practitioners and policy/decision-makers in emerging countries of essential components and lessons useful for managing PDRPs and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects. An understanding of which approaches are critical and essential components of the framework serves as a basis for improving project delivery. Future research studies should describe its practical application.Originality/valueThe study provides insights by identifying an ordered grouped set of project management models/approaches mostly applicable for managing PDRPs in Angola, better understanding of appropriate components/variables to be considered and develops a conceptual framework for managing PDRPs in emerging countries, post-war context.
New wine in old bottles: governing logics for applying sustainability management control systems in Austrian electric utilities
Authors: Slacik Johannes , Grüb Birgit , Greiling Dorothea 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Literature shows that a strong link between sustainability control systems and sustainability management (SM) fosters sustainability development (SD) and compliance with regulatory requirements and stakeholder expectations. Research on the integration of SM and its control mechanisms in corporate business remains scarce. This study aims to focus on Sustainability Management Control Systems (S)MCS applied in Electric Utility Companies (EUC), which experience close scrutiny by its stakeholders in as much as they play an important role in climate change agendas.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach includes in-depth expert interviews within seven Austrian EUC followed by qualitative content analysis. This study builds on “MCS as a package” by Malmi and Brown (2008). Institutional logics (IL) are used for the theoretical approach.

Findings
Results show that several IL are involved in implementing strategic SMCS in EUC. Managers cope by integrating emerging hybrid logics, selectively coupled SMCS and making sense by building a communication bridge between the strategic and operative levels to create awareness.

Research limitations/implications
Results show that managers in EUC have to acquire a new hybrid logic for SD. This implies the use of informal controls and a strong focus on administrative and cultural controls as the main control mechanisms for SM.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to MCS research by using the scarcely applied theoretical framework of IL. Findings facilitate a better understanding of the control mechanisms behind SM and the coping strategies of managers in applying SMCS.
The use and knowledge of export promotion programs in the early internationalization of Brazilian SMEs
Authors: Machado Marcelo André , Bischoff Viviane 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aimed to evaluate the differences in the use and knowledge of export promotion programs (EPPs) between Brazilian SMEs that internationalized early and SMEs that internationalized in a gradual, traditional fashion. Additionally, it tested hypotheses that distinguish these two types of SME internationalization processes in an emerging market context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested four hypotheses in a sample of 540 SME Brazilian exporters. The sample was divided into two groups according to the born global (BG) criteria: 379 SMEs with gradual or traditional internationalization (TI) and 161 SMEs with early internationalization (EI).FindingsThe results indicate that Brazilian EI SMEs operate in more countries and continents than TI SMEs. In emerging countries such as Brazil, the domestic market continues to play an important role both for SMEs that internationalize early and those whose process is slower. Even though logistic regression could not classify the sample of TI and EI SMEs according to their knowledge about EPPs, the results led to the idea that EI SMEs currently use more specific EPPs than do TI SMEs.Practical implicationsManagers of successful SMEs from emerging markets need to incorporate EPPs into their internationalization strategy. In emerging markets with large domestic markets, SME managers can meet their growth needs by exploiting opportunities in both domestic and international markets.Originality/valueResearch on the early internationalization of SMEs has long focused on SMEs from developed markets and on internal factors. Moreover, the effects of EPPs on the firm' performance of large and SME firms has also been the subject of study. The value of this paper relies on the intersection of EPPs and the early internationalization of SMEs, even for firms in developed markets.
Teachers, researchers, but not innovators? Rethinking university-industry collaboration
Authors: Lundberg Heléne , Öberg Christina 
Published: September 2021

PurposeUniversities, when collaborating with industry, are generally assumed to be the motors for innovation. Inspired by a case on a university’s collaboration with small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a regional strategic network (RSN), this paper aims to put forth how the university makes important contributions through transferring knowledge on innovation processes that is a teaching role, rather than sees itself as the party producing innovations. This paper describes and discusses the university’s teaching role and its consequences in university-industry collaborations for innovation.Design/methodology/approachEmpirically, the paper departs from a mid-Swedish RSN where nine SMEs started to work with a university. Interviews with representatives of the nine SMEs participating in the innovation project, along with university and RSN representatives, comprise the main data source. The paper analyzes the university’s teaching role and the consequences of it.FindingsFindings point at how the SMEs developed structured innovation processes, improved their market intelligence and increased their efficiency in providing new solutions. The university facilitated knowledge, while the SMEs responded through creating knowledge both on how to innovate and in terms of innovations.Originality/valueThe teaching role, which would mean that the university stays with one of its core functions, indicates a need to rethink university-industry collaboration related to expectations and role division. Moving from producing innovations to facilitating knowledge on how to innovate, would, for universities, mean that they minimize those conflicts emerging from their various roles and indicate that the production of innovation is placed at those devoted to run and grow businesses.
Developing leadership styles and green entrepreneurial orientation to measure organization growth: a study on Indian green organizations
Authors: Verma Pratima , Kumar Vimal 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Due to environmental and health awareness, there are a number of green startups increasing day by day and consumers want to use organic products over conventional products. The green enterprise faces unique challenges and opportunities in attracting the right investors, organization growth and their performance. The purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between green entrepreneurship (GE) and different leadership styles (LS) and their association with organizational growth (OG).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a methodology based on multiple independent variables and one dependent variable i.e. multiple regression analysis. A numerical analysis of the Indian organization is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed method.

Findings
The findings indicate that different LSs (charismatic, transformational, visionary and servant leadership) feature an influence on entrepreneurial activity. The result of the study also found that GE and LS have a positive effect on OG.

Research limitations/implications
This research will help the industry reflect on the style of leadership and attempt to introduce a new style of leadership that supports and is suitable for the green organization’s growth.

Originality/value
The study identified diverse LSs that specifically plays an important role in green entrepreneurship organizations. Additionally, investigate the relationship between OG and GE.
Terrorist groups in Syria and Libya: a study of regional policies
Authors: Mohamed Abd Elgawad Osama Mahmoud 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study is not intended to be a prescriptive blueprint for any nation or region to fight terrorism, but rather it aims to analyze the development of policies supporting terrorism and their impact on regional as well as international relations. It is an examination of relevant facts, which might hopefully benefit policy makers and practitioners who diligently work on reducing or eliminating terrorist activities.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve the objectives of the paper and in light of the pool of the available literature and data, the study adopts the system-analysis method in analyzing the impact of policies supporting terrorism and the countermeasures to apply based on the inputs, outputs and conversions associated with the phenomenon of terrorism.FindingsPolicies supporting terrorism differ from a state to another starting from providing safe haven to terrorist groups to providing direct finance and armaments to directly intervening militarily in a targeting country. Or deter such policies. This raised the concerns of many States in the region regarding the domination tendency of Turkey and called for a firm and pragmatic international, regional and Arab stand beyond verbal condemnation to deter Turkey from pursuing such policies.Originality/valueThe importance of the academic study stems from the importance of addressing one of the central issues in the field of regional and international relations, which is the policies some states adopt to support terrorism, not only by financing terrorism but also by incubating terrorism. Most studies on terrorism focus on the concept and situations and not on policies that support terrorism and their impact on regional and international relations and the means of encountering terrorism.
Establishing a palliative Advanced Practice Radiation Therapist role: A viable alternative to a Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy clinic in Australia
Authors: Roos Daniel , Job Mary , Holt Tanya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionA recent survey found that Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy (RAPRT) clinics have not been widely embraced in Australia and New Zealand for many reasons. The purpose of this narrative is to describe the transition of a Brisbane, Queensland, RAPRT clinic to an Advanced Practice Radiation Therapist (APRT) model to further improve access and delivery of palliative radiation therapy at that centre.MethodsThe weekly RAPRT clinic commenced in 2005, run by one Radiation Oncologist (RO). The role of the attending senior Radiation Therapist (RT) was mainly to facilitate rapid passage of patients from clinic to treatment. However, because individual ROs preferred to retain care of their own patients, capture of the relevant population was limited. It was therefore decided in 2012 to gradually transition to a model where the RT would work with all ROs and manage all palliative patients from referral to follow‐up, under RO supervision.ResultsThe steps to this palliative APRT pathway involved formulation of the role description, mentoring/training of the RT, overseas site visits, further post‐graduate education, funding of the position, staff feedback surveys, evaluation studies and endorsement by professional bodies, leading to formal credentialing in 2017. Importantly, the APRT undertakes all steps in the pathway including field or volume delineation (with approval and sign‐off by the responsible RO). The role has come to be highly valued by all disciplines.ConclusionThe successful establishment of a palliative APRT role in one Australian centre serves as a template for others wishing to create a similar position.
drpToolkit: An automated workflow for aligning and analysing vegetation and ground surface time‐series imagery
Authors: John Christian , Shilling Fraser , Post Eric 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Analysis of ecological data from digital repeat photography requires consistent file and metadata management, image alignment and data extraction across the time series of data collection. Current open‐source methods facilitate one or a few of these tasks, but in many cases require manual intervention by the user, as well as associating independent processes into an overall workflow.

We introduce ‘drpToolkit’, an open‐source Python package that automates the workflow of data management, image alignment and data extraction from time‐series image sets. The toolkit operates on a folder of images and generates an aligned image time series using a user‐defined keyframe, and extracts derived greenness and snow indices from user‐defined regions of interest.

Imagery alignment improves the spatial consistency among images in a set and allows repeated measures within the set. Particularly among small regions of interest, data extracted from aligned imagery reflects observed changes in greenness compared to unaligned imagery.

This software simplifies the process of converting raw imagery stored on an SD card to useful ecological data. It automatically refiles imagery using a standardized format used in other applications, increasing the opportunity for cross‐study comparisons of phenology, and collaboration among researchers and agencies to improve understanding of fine‐scale ecological response to climate change.
Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study
Authors: McCarthy Robyn , Mukherjee Raja A. S. , Fleming Kate M. , Green Jonathan , Clayton‐Smith Jill , Price Alan D. , Allely Clare S. , Cook Penny A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure in the UK, evidence on the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is lacking. This paper reports on FASD prevalence in a small sample of children in primary school.MethodsA 2‐phase active case ascertainment study was conducted in 3 mainstream primary schools in Greater Manchester, UK. Schools were located in areas that ranged from relatively deprived to relatively affluent. Initial screening of children aged 8–9 years used prespecified criteria for elevated FASD risk (small for age; special educational needs; currently/previously in care; significant social/emotional/mental health symptoms). Screen‐positive children were invited for detailed ascertainment of FASD using gold standard measures that included medical history, facial dysmorphology, neurological impairment, executive function, and behavioral difficulties.ResultsOf 220 eligible children, 50 (23%) screened positive and 12% (26/220) proceeded to Phase 2 assessment. Twenty had a developmental disorder, of whom 4 had FASD and 4 were assessed as possible FASD. The crude prevalence rate of FASD in these schools was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0%, 3.4%) and when including possible cases was 3.6% (2.1%, 6.3%). None of these children had previously been identified with a developmental diagnosis.ConclusionsFASD was found to be common in these schools and most of these children's needs had not previously been identified. A larger, more definitive study that uses a random sampling technique stratified by deprivation level to select schools is needed to make inferences regarding the population prevalence of FASD.
Moderate dose alcohol protects against serum amyloid protein A1‐induced endothelial dysfunction via both notch‐dependent and notch‐independent pathways
Authors: Rajendran Naresh K. , Liu Weimin , Chu Charles C. , Cahill Paul A. , Redmond Eileen M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundArterial endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vessel homeostasis and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low‐to‐moderate alcohol (EtOH) consumption is associated with reduced atherosclerosis and stimulates Notch signaling in endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether EtOH protects the endothelium against serum amyloid A1 (SAA1)‐induced activation/injury, and to determine whether this protection is exclusively Notch‐dependent.Methods and ResultsHuman coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) were stimulated or not with “pro‐atherogenic” SAA1 (1 μM) in the absence or presence of EtOH (25 mM), the Notch ligand DLL4 (3 μg/ml), or the Notch inhibitor DAPT (20 μM). EtOH stimulated Notch signaling in HCAEC, as evidenced by increased expression of the Notch receptor and hrt target genes. Treatment with EtOH alone or stimulation of Notch signaling by DLL4 increased eNOS activity and enhanced HCAEC barrier function as assessed by trans‐endothelial electrical resistance. Moreover, EtOH and DLL4 both inhibited SAA1‐induced monolayer leakiness, cell adhesion molecule (ICAM, VCAM) expression, and monocyte adhesion. The effects of EtOH were Notch‐dependent, as they were blocked with DAPT and by Notch receptor (N1, N4) knockdown. In contrast, EtOH’s inhibition of SAA1‐induced inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IFN‐γ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was Notch‐independent, as these effects were unaffected by DAPT or by N1 and/or N4 knockdown.ConclusionsEtOH at moderate levels protects against SAA1‐induced endothelial activation via both Notch‐dependent and Notch‐independent mechanisms. EtOH's maintenance of endothelium in a nonactivated state would be expected to preserve vessel homeostasis and protect against atherosclerosis development.
Understanding long‐term trends in smoking in England, 1972–2019: an age–period–cohort approach
Authors: Opazo Breton Magdalena , Gillespie Duncan , Pryce Robert , Bogdanovica Ilze , Angus Colin , Hernandez Alava Monica , Brennan Alan , Britton John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsSmoking prevalence has been falling in England for more than 50 years, but remains a prevalent and major public health problem. This study used an age–period–cohort (APC) approach to measure lifecycle, historical and generational patterns of individual smoking behaviour.DesignAPC analysis of repeated cross‐sectional smoking prevalence data obtained from three nationally representative surveys.SettingEngland (1972–2019).ParticipantsIndividuals aged 18–90 years.MeasurementsWe studied relative odds of current smoking in relation to age in single years from 18 to 90, 24 groups of 2‐year survey periods (1972–73 to 2018–19) and 20 groups of 5‐year birth cohorts (1907–11 to 1997–2001). Age and period rates were studied for two groups of birth cohorts: those aged 18–25 years and those aged over 25 years.FindingsRelative to age 18, the odds of current smoking increased with age until approximately age 25 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41–1.56] and then decreased progressively to age 90 (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.04–0.08). They also decreased almost linearly with period relative to 1972–73 (for 2018–19: OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.26–0.34) and with birth cohort relative to 1902–06, with the largest decreased observed for birth cohort 1992–96 (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.35–0.46) and 1997–2001 (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.74–0.88). Smoking declined in the 18–25 age group by an average of 7% over successive 2‐year periods and by an average of 5% in those aged over 25.ConclusionsSmoking in England appears to have declined over recent decades mainly as a result of reduced smoking uptake before age 25, and to a lesser extent to smoking cessation after age 25.