bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The forbidden first word: Discourse functions and rhetorical patterns of and-prefacing in student essays
Authors: Makkonen-Craig Henna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article investigatesand-prefacing and its environments in student essays. Specifically, the focus is on those instances when a writer uses the Finnishja‘and’ as an opening element (“preface”) to the sentence. Whileand-prefacing is most commonly a single-usage feature employed by a small minority of writers in the essay genre analyzed here, the detailed functional-rhetorical analysis reveals a rich picture of these usages and the respective discourse norm that emerges and evolves in practice. This paper identifies eight micro-level discourse functions forand-prefacing in the essays: (i)rhetorical, accumulative listing; (ii)emphasizing continuity of argument; (iii)dialogical aligning; (iv)unconventional intertextual linking; (v)evaluating a narrative turn; (vi)resolution; (vii)fantasy as coda; and (viii)plain cohesive linking. Significantly,and-prefacing is not limited to the failed essays, nor to the low-graded essays more generally. The differences found in high- and low-graded (failed) essays may, however, suggest that some discourse functions and rhetorical patterns are associated with a higher institutional value than others. Methodologically, this study highlights the benefits of Rich Feature Analysis and dialogically oriented linguistic discourse analysis for exploring a relatively infrequent and yet distinctive rhetorical resource that has a complex form-function relationship in student essays.
Documenting knowledge mobilization: a quantitative analysis of citation and reported speech in a Canadian public inquiry
Authors: Tachino Tosh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch into citation and reported speech has identified a number of functions, such as measures of influence, solidarity and distancing, demonstration, and construction of knowledge. This study brings citation analysis to knowledge mobilization – a situation in which research informs public policy. In the present case, it was a Canadian public inquiry on a wrongful murder conviction that prompted many police departments across the country to adopt new procedures that were informed by psychology research to minimize the chances of wrongful conviction. This article focuses on the result of a quantitative analysis that goes beyond simple counting to provide a citation profile of the inquiry report and discusses what such systematic description can reveal. The findings include a particular attribution practice of privileging expert statements but only when they are attributed to the speakers rather than to their writing or to the transcripts of their speech. In addition, the quantitative data revealed no correlation between rhetorical framing and formal citation or direct quotes. These findings lead to discussions on functions of citation and reported speech in this document, as well as the relationship between linguistic form and knowledge mobilization.
Towards multiple hyperTheme: Theme beyond the clause
Authors: Zhang Daqun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTheme, the building block for the Textual Metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), is itself an element at the clause rank. Its function and application, however, can only be fully recognized in the unfolding discourse. This article extends multiple Theme to the discourse level and proposes the notion of multiple hyperTheme that exists beyond the clause, with a view to developing the system of Theme in SFL and strengthening its role in discourse analysis. The article begins with an overview of the historical development of Theme, primarily reflecting on hyperTheme initiated by Daneš (1974, Functional sentence perspective and the organization of the text. In Daneš František (ed.),Papers on functional sentence perspective, 106–128. The Hague: Mouton) and developed by Martin (1992a,English text: System and structure. Philadelphia: John Benjamins) and Martin and Rose (2003,Working with discourse: Meaning beyond the clause. London: Continuum). By redefining hyperTheme and suggesting that it should not just be confined to the ideational dimension, this article introduces multiple hyperTheme which may cover the three strands of meaning (ideational, interpersonal and textual), offering a more delicate system of hyperTheme in SFL. The complexities and delicacies of different elements within the category of multiple hyperTheme are illustrated in its various patterns such as Interpersonal ^ Ideational, Textual ^ Ideational, Textual ^ Interpersonal ^ Ideational, Textual ^Textual/Interpersonal^ Ideational andInterpersonal/Textual^ Ideational. Furthermore, the subtle configuration of the interpersonal and the ideational meanings in one grammatical sentence may blur the distinction between multiple hyperTheme and simple hyperTheme, especially when there is no obvious textual element involved.
The past is a foreign country: disputed memories and telling rights in co-narrated refugee stories
Authors: Tanner Andrew , Stirling Lesley 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Memory and time are the two fundamental components of personal experience narrative. For a sole narrator with no competing claims for reliability, time distance from the narrated events is more or less irrelevant, and storytelling can proceed smoothly. However, what happens when more than one participant seems to have an equal claim to telling rights? We report a detailed micro-analysis of co-narrated stories of two brothers’ experiences as refugees over 35 years ago to understand how rights are negotiated when both participants have an apparently equal claim to narrative reliability. Our analysis demonstrates that while under normal circumstances the two speakers perform in “duet” – whereby they take the floor in fluid turns – when discrepancies are detected by either party, a round of negotiation following a predictable pattern is triggered before the narrative can continue. The “winner” of the negotiation – typically the speaker with the greatest recall of chronological detail – claims the rights to tell the story solo. The ability to convincingly demonstrate the reliability of one’s memories is therefore a crucial determinant in who can claim telling rights – the authority to be able to tell a story. Our findings support the role of remembered detail in underpinning this authority.
On binary features and disagreeing natural classes: Evidence from Cheyenne and Serbian
Authors: Despić Miloje , Murray Sarah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper we offer new arguments for bivalence of morphological features. In the domain of person, we argue in support of the system using the features [±speaker] and [±hearer], on the basis of plural marking in Cheyenne. In the domain of gender, we argue in support of the system using the features [±masculine] and [±feminine], on the basis of gender agreement in Serbian coordinate structures. The property of binary systems crucial for our proposal is that they allow combinations of disagreeing feature values, given that in such systems every morphological category is represented as a combination of two values. Our main empirical goal is to show that some languages treat such combinations of disagreeing feature values (as well as combinations of agreeing values) as natural classes (e.g., Noyer, Rolf. 1992. Features, positions and affixes in autonomous morphological structure. Ph.D. dissertation. Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal studies of
trans-Bis(acetato- κO) diaqua-bis[
μ-oxo-(3-dimethylaminopropanolato- κ
2N,O)copper(II)] dihydrate
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Mazhar Muhammad , Hamid Mazhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The complex, [Cu(dmap)(OAc)(H 2O)] 2· 2H 2O
(dmap = N,N-dimethylaminopropanolato, OAc = acetato) was
synthesized by drop-by-drop addition of
N,N-dimethylaminopropanol to copper(II) acetate dihydrate
suspended in toluene. The blue crystalline product was characterized by its
melting point, elemental analysis, infrared spectral study, mass analysis,
thermal analysis and by the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Compound (
1) crystalizes in triclinic space group,
P̄1, a= 6.3716(9) Å,
b= 8.2719(12) Å, c= 10.9254(16)
Å, α= 79.918(2)°, β=
81.812(2)°, γ= 77.171(2)° and
Z= 1. The complex ( 1) is binuclear. The
copper s’ environment is square pyramidal with chelating
dimethylaminopropanol rings being in the equatorial and water molecules in axial
positions. Acetate ligands are attached to Cu viaoxygen, in a
monodentate mode while the C=O oxygen is involved in
O···H–O H-bonds with water molecules.
Dimethylaminopropanol serves as a chelating as well as bridging ligand.
Die Intensität der an gebogenen Glimmerspaltflächen in höheren Ordnungen reflektierten Röntgenstrahlung
Authors: Heisel A. , Trono To Ba 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Reflection properties of the mica-cleavage plane (001) for x-rays were investigated up to the 20th order with the aid of an x-ray spectrometer and by the rotating-crystal method. They were compared with calculated structure amplitudes. The results of the different procedures were in good agreement. Intense spectra can be obtained especially in the 3rd and 5th, and still in the 4th, 8th, and 11th orders of reflection.
The crystal structure of arsenic tribromide
Authors: Trotter J. 
Published: February 2021

Auszug
AsBr3-Rristalle sind rhombisch; o = 4,33 Å, 6 = 10,24 Å, c = 12,20 Å, Ζ= 4, Raumgruppe Ρ212121. Die Struktur wurde bestimmt mittels Patterson- und Fouriertransform-Methoden auf Grund geschätzter Intensitäten. Die Verfeinerung durch Ausgleichsrechnung führte zu R = 0,19 für 408 beobachtete Interferenzen. Die Kristalle sind aufgebaut aus AsBr3-MoleküIen mit As-Br = 2,36 ± 0,01 Å und Br-As-Br = 97,7° ± 0,3°. Die kürzesten intermolekularen Abstände sind As · · · Br = 3,72 Å, Br · · · Br = 3,79 Å und As · · · As = 4,33 Å.
Inorganic salt hydrates and zeolites composites studies for thermochemical heat storage
Authors: Rehman Ata Ur , Shah Muhammad Zahir , Rasheed Shehla , Afzal Wasim , Arsalan Muhammad , Rahman Habib Ur , Ullah Mati , Zhao Tianyu , Ullah Ihsan , Din Ala Ud , Ullah Saif , Shah Rahim , Iqbal Muhammad , Maosheng Zheng , Guan Zheng-Hui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Salt hydrates (MgSO4 and ZnSO4) impregnated in zeolites, offer a variety of improvements, mostly providing a large surface area for salt hydrates and water molecules. A composite of 5 and 10% of salt contents were prepared as heat storage materials. The study’s finding showed that dehydration enthalpy of MgSO4 (1817 J g−1) and ZnSO4 (1586 J g−1) were 10 and 15% improved than pure salt hydrates by making composites. During the hydration process of composites, the water sorption is 30–37% improved and further the increasing of salt contents in composites enhances more 10% increase in the water resorption. The cyclicability of MgSO4/zeolite and ZnSO4/zeolite were 45 and 51% improved than their corresponding pure salt hydrates. The effect of humidity on the water sorption result reveals that composites of MgSO4/zeolite and ZnSO4/zeolite at 75% relative humidity (RH), the mass of water are 51 and 40% increase than 55% RH.
On Minimum Phase
Authors: Ilchmann Achim , Wirth Fabian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We discuss the concept of `minimum phase' for scalar semi Hurwitz
transfer functions. The latter are rational functions where the
denominator polynomial has its roots in the closed left half complex
plane. In the present note, minimum phase is defined in terms of the
derivative of the argument function of the transfer function. The
main tool to characterize minimum phase is the Hurwitz reflection.
The factorization of a weakly stable transfer function into an
all-pass and a minimum phase system leads to the result that any semi
Hurwitz transfer function is minimum phase if, and only if, its
numerator polynomial is semi Hurwitz. To characterize the zero
dynamics, we use the Byrnes-Isidori form in the time domain and the
internal loop form in the frequency domain. The uniqueness of both
forms is shown. This is used to show in particular that asymptotic
stable zero dynamics of a minimal realization of a transfer function
yields minimum phase, but not vice versa.
The US Transuranium and Uranium Registries: forty years' experience and new directions in the analysis of actinides in human tissues
Authors: Tolmachev S. Y. , Ketterer M. E. , Hare D. , Doble P. , James A. C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The US Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) studies the distribution, biokinetics and tissue dosimetry of actinide elements through radiochemical analysis of autopsy tissues voluntarily donated by occupationally exposed persons. The paper provides an overview of the analytical methods for plutonium (Pu), americium (Am) and uranium (U) isotopic determination in human tissues currently applied at USTUR. The results of inter-comparing 239+240Pu, 241Am and 234,235,238U determinations by sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS), α-spectrometry (AS) and kinetic phosphorescence analysis (KPA) are discussed. SF-ICP-MS is a major advance over AS and KPA in enabling the measurement of the 240Pu/ 239Pu atom ratio, the short-lived β-emitter 241Pu, and long-lived 236U. For the first time, 241Am and 241Pu were measured in human tissues using SF-ICP-MS. The paper also presents a new avenue of USTUR research in the application of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to elemental bio-imaging (EBI) of the actinides in human tissues.
Development and analysis of a dynamic compartment model to predict carbon-14 behavior in rice paddy field for dose assessment of atmospheric release
Authors: Takahashi T. , Takahashi S. , Yamamoto K. , Tagami K. , Ishi N. , Uchida S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Carbon-14 is one of the critical radionuclides for the dose estimation from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants and nuclear waste disposal facilities. To assess the impact on public health caused by carbon-14 released from these nuclear facilities in Japan, a reasonable estimation of internal dose from the rice ingestion is necessary because rice is a staple food. Therefore, we are developing a dynamic compartment model to predict carbon-14 behavior in atmosphere – paddy soil – rice plant system and carbon-14 concentration in rice by using a migration prediction code, MOGRA. In this model, growing curves of “leaf and stem part” and “ear part” of a rice plant were fitted to sigmoid curves. The transfer coefficients between the compartments were estimated by using sub-models and parameters which describe transfer mechanisms of carbon in a rice paddy field, such as photosynthesis, translocation and respiration in a rice plant. A validation study of the model, carried out with “Rice Scenario” presented by the IAEA EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety) project, showed that the developed model can be practically used to predict the carbon-14 concentration in rice. The model was also applied for hypothetical releases of carbon-14 from nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. In addition, parameter sensitivity analyses were carried out to select critical parameters.
A study of 32P-phosphate uptake in a plant by a real-time RI imaging system
Authors: Yamawaki M. , Kanno S. , Ishibashi H. , Noda A. , Hirose A. , Tanoi K. , Nakanishi T. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It is very important to visualize the process of nutrient absorption and distribution to study the physiological activity of the plant. We developed a real-time radioisotope (RI) imaging system, where RI tracers were applied to the plant sample. This system allowed the quantitative measurement concerning the uptake of nutrients labeled with radioisotopes, such as 45Ca, 35S, 32P and 14C as long as several days. The β-rays emitted from the sample were converted to light by a CsI(Tl) scintillator and were guided to a highly sensitive CCD camera. The scintillator surface was covered with an Al plate to avoid LED light penetration but allow selected β-ray penetration. We employed Lotus japonicus for the plant sample and observed the 32P-phosphate absorption in roots and the accumulation to the aboveground part of the plant. The environment condition of daytime and night was simulated by the ON/OFF of LED timer and the accumulation manner of the 32P-phosphate in roots and leaves during daytime and night was analyzed. The accumulation of 32P-phosphate in leaves was highly dependant on light irradiation and higher when the LEDs was turned on, whereas the absorption of 32P-phosphate in root was higher when the LEDs was turned off. The transfer function concerning the transportation of phosphate within the plant during the developmental stage was obtained from the analysis of 32P uptake images. We are now trying to get specific moving images of each radioisotope when two kinds of isotopes, such as 32P and 35S, were applied at the same time to the plant, through an image analysis.
Characteristics of the elemental compositions of particulate matter at a subway platform using INAA and XRF
Authors: Lim J. M. , Jeong J. H. , Jung B. W. , Lee J. H. , Moon J. H. , Chung Y. S. , Kim K.-H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, a total of 21 elements were determined from PM2.5 and PM10 samples collected at one subway station using INAA and XRF. In order to assess the pollution status and distribution characteristics in a subway station, the absolute concentration levels, concentration ratios, and crustal enrichment factors of these elements were analyzed. PM2.5 concentrations in the subway station varied in the range of 24.8 to 72.6 μg m−3 (average ± standard deviation: 42.6 ± 10.6 μg m−3), while those of PM10 from 38.0 to 101 μg m−3 (67.2 ± 15.5 μg m−3). The relative contribution of elemental components in each particle fraction accounted for about 42 and 44%, respectively. Out of all metals, Fe was predominant to represent about 29 and 27% of each particle fraction. In contrast, the crustal sources were estimated to contribute to about 3.7 and 2.3% of the total Fe concentrations, respectively. Thus, one can conclude that considerable quantities of airborne Fe particles originated mainly from subway sources, probably due to the wearing of the steel products like wheel, rail, brake, etc.
Isotope production for medical usage using fast neutron reactions
Authors: Hatsukawa Y. , Nagai Y. , Kin T. , Segawa M. , Harada H. , Iwamoto O. , Iwamoto N. , Ochiai K. , Takakura K. , Konno C. , Hashimoto M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

99Mo was produced by the 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction using 14-MeV neutrons from the D(3H,n)4He reaction at Fusion Neutronics Source Facility (FNS) at JAEA.
A target of titanium oxide gel with molybdenum oxide was irradiated and used as the 99mTc/99Mo generator.
The growth curve of 99mTc in the titanium gel target and the elution curve of 99mTc from the 99Mo/99mTc generator were obtained.
Interaction of uranium(VI) towards glutathione – an example to study different functional groups in one molecule
Authors: Frost L. , Geipel Gerhard , Viehweger K. , Bernhard G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Glutathione, the most abundant thiol compound of the cell, has a great binding potential towards heavy metal ions. Hence it might influence the distribution of actinides on a cellular level. The unknown strength of the interaction of uranium(VI) with glutathione at physiologically relevant pH is subject of this paper and was studied with UV-vis spectroscopy and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The complex stability constant of UO2H2GS+, logβ
0
121, was calculated to be 39.09 ± 0.15 and 39.04 ± 0.02 in case of UV-vis spectroscopy and TRLFS respectively. Therefore the average formation constant for UO2
2+ + H2GS− = UO2H2GS+ can be assigned to be log K
0
11 = 19.83 ± 0.15. Furthermore it was demonstrated that derivatization of the ligand associated with an enhancement of the ligand's spectroscopic properties can be used for the determination of complex stability constants and to assess the coordination chemistry in more detail. Using UV-vis spectroscopy, the stability constant of the complex between UO2
2+ and glutathione pyruvate S-conjugate, a well absorbing ligand in contrast to glutathione, was calculated to be >39.24 ± 0.08. Furthermore the interaction of UO2
2+ with glutathione derivatized with the fluorescent label monobromobimane was examined with femtosecond laser fluorescence spectroscopy. Thereby the stability constant of the 1:1 complex was determined to be >39.35 ± 0.02. Although the thiol group of glutathione was blocked a strong coordination was found. Thus a significant involvement of the thiol group in the coordination of U(VI) can be excluded.
Investigation of mineral distribution in bone by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy after tibolone therapy
Authors: Lima I. , Carvalho A. C. B. , Henriques H. N. , Sales E. , Granjeiro J. M. , Guzmán-Silva M. A. , Lopes R. T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Tibolone is a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, androgenic, and progestagenic properties used for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and treatment of climacteric symptoms. Tibolone shows almost no action on breast and endometrium, which are target-organs for estrogens and progesterone activity. The aim of this work was to investigate the spatial distribution of calcium and zinc minerals in the femoral head of ovariectomized rat in order to evaluate the effects of the long-term administration of tibolone. For that purpose X-ray microfluorescence was used with synchrotron radiation imaging technique which was performed at Brazilian Light Synchrotron Laboratory, Campinas, SP. Minerals were not homogeneously distributed in trabecular bone areas; a higher concentration of calcium in the trabecular regions at femoral heads was found in ovariectomized and tibolone-treated rats compared to ovariectomized and control groups.
Lesotho electricity demand profile from 2010 to 2030
Authors: Mpholo M. , Mothala M. , Mohasoa L. , Eager D. , Thamae R. , Molapo T. , Jardine T. 
Published: February 2021

This study undertook a 2010 to 2030 electricity demand profile for Lesotho, with 2010 used as the base year. The demand forecast was modelled using the International Atomic Energy Agency Model for Analysis of Energy Demand, largely because of its proven ability to accurately forecast demand in developing economies based on socio-economic, technology and demography variables. The model correlates well with the actual data, where data exists, and predicts that by 2030 Lesotho will achieve a national electrification rate of 54.2%, with 95% for urban households and 14% for rural households, up from 19.4%, 54.1% and 1.8% respectively in the base year. Moreover, in the same period, the forecast for the most likely scenario gives the following results: the maximum demand will increase to 211 MW from 121 MW; the annual average household energy consumption will continue its decline to 1 009 kWh/household from 1 998 kWh/household; and the total consumption will increase to 1 128 284 MWh from 614 868 MWh. The overall low growth rate is attributed to the consistently declining average household consumption that is contrary to international norms. The forecast results gave a root mean square percentage error of 1.5% and mean absolute percentage error of 1.3%, which implied good correlation with the actual data and, hence, confidence in the accuracy of the results.
Highlights
Between 2030 and 2010:

Achievement of national electrification rate of 54.2% up from 19.4%.
Electrification: 95% urban, 14% rural households, from 54.1% and 1.8% respectively.
The maximum demand will increase to 211 MW from 121 MW.
Annual average household consumption will decline to 1 009 kWh/household from 1,998 kWh/household