bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersive clean‐up process based on a magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite for determination of 2‐glycerol monopalmitate in olive oil prior to GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis
Authors: Rashidi Ladan , Faraji Sarabmirza Rezgar , Joolaei Ahranjani Parham , Hadi Jume Binta , Gholami Zahra , Rashid Nodeh Hamid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, methods have been developed for the better quality control, fraud detection and analytical investigation of olive oil. Magnetic graphene oxide (GO) material is known for its reusability, high adsorption capability and stability in food sample preparation. Monopalmitine or 2‐glycerol monopalmitate (2‐GMP) is one of the main parameters in the quality assay and classification of olive oil, which can be classified as extra virgin ≤ 0.9% and olive pomace ≤ 1.2. Hence, newly synthesized magnetic GO (MGO) and commercial silica‐gel were used as a dispersive solid‐phase clean‐up (d‐SPE) sorbent to determine 2‐GMP value in olive oil samples prior to gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The d‐SPE method is validated with olive oil certified reference material (CRM) with respect to silica‐gel and a MGO nanocomposite.RESULTSThe developed d‐SPE method was applied for various virgin, refined and pomace olive oil samples to determine the value of 2‐GMP%. The presence of 2‐GMP in the samples was confirmed by GC‐mass spectrometry analysis based on silylation derivatives of the analyte. Finally, the d‐SPE‐MGO method was determined 2‐GMP% as 1.9% for pomace olive oil, 0.6% for refined olive oil, 0.4% for virgin olive oil and 3.1% for CRM. The MGO provided satisfactory clean‐up recovery (124%) in the acceptable data range for CRM2018, and silica‐gel also provided satisfactory recovery (83%) for CRM2018. The proposed method performed with higher sensitivity and efficiency for screening 2‐GMP% in olive oil.CONCLUSIONThe MGO based d‐SPE method was applied for clean‐up purposes to determine 2‐GMP%. It proved superior via its advantageous features of super quickness, easy isolation with an external magnet and the highly efficient exclusion of all the coexisting interfering peaks conventionally generated with a standard silica‐gel material. These methods based on MGO and silica‐gel are reflected in the dispersive mode of extraction and can be used as alternatives to conventional methods. Considering the benefits of the consumption of significantly fewer sorbents and less time required regarding the dispersive methods, the methods can be utilized as alternatives in contrast to conventional techniques. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Polyester sulfur‐coated urea (PSCU) application enhances brown rice iron concentrations in two alkaline soils
Authors: Yuan Ling , Zhang Zhicheng , Cao Xiaochuang , Wu Lianghuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn neutral or alkaline soils, iron (Fe) easily forms insoluble complexes, which makes it difficult for plants to utilize Fe in the soil for nutrition. Polyester sulfur‐coated urea (PSCU) is a novel controlled‐release fertilizer widely used in China and some foreign countries, and it has been proven that sulfur film from controlled‐release fertilizers can significantly improve the activation of Fe and other elements in the soil. However, few studies have focused on the effects of PSCU application on Fe accumulation in rice grain in alkaline soils.RESULTSBoth our field and pot experiments proved that PSCU application could significantly improve rice grain yield and Fe concentration in brown rice in alkaline soil. This effect differs with different types of alkaline soils (i.e. medium‐saline, sandy soil and/or silt soil). PSCU is released slowly, and the release rate is different in different alkaline soils. Rice shoot nitrogen (N) uptake was significantly enhanced with PSCU application.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that PSCU application in alkaline soils could significantly enhance brown rice Fe concentration and production. This effect differed with different kinds of alkaline soils. The study identified some efficient fertilizers to improve the Fe status in alkaline soils. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Release of Leu‐Pro‐Pro from corn gluten meal by fermentation with a Lactobacillus helveticus strain
Authors: Ge Hui‐Juan , Zhang Zhi‐Kai , Xiao Jun‐Xia , Tan Hai‐Gang , Huang Guo‐Qing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides are potential alternatives to the synthetic ACE inhibitory drugs, but the in vivo antihypertensive effects of most of them have not been confirmed. The tripeptide Leu‐Pro‐Pro (LPP) is one of the few peptides that have been proved clinically effective in reducing the blood pressure of hypertensive patients and casein is currently its major source. LPP is contained in multiple fractions of zein, and corn gluten meal (CGM) is hence a potential new source of LPP. For this purpose, CGM was fermented with a Lactobacillus helveticus strain and the medium composition was optimized; the decoloration of the resultant hydrolysate was investigated as well.RESULTSLPP could be successfully released from CGM by fermentation with the strain Lactobacillus helveticus CICC 22536. The highest LPP content and protein recovery of 561 mg kg−1 and 14.92% occurred in the medium containing 20 g L−1 glucose, 15 g L−1 beef extract, 60 g L−1 CGM, 10 g L−1 CaCO3, 0.5 g L−1 NaCl, and inoculation amount 6%. The supplementation of Flavourzyme® further improved the two parameters to 662 mg kg−1 and 36.94%, respectively. The permeate of the hydrolysate after ultrafiltration through a 5 kDa membrane could be effectively decolored by the macroporous resin XAD‐16 without notable protein loss, and its LPP content was further boosted to 743 mg kg−1.CONCLUSIONCGM is a potential new source of LPP and its ultrafiltered and decolored hydrolysate could be used to develop new antihypertensive functional foods. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Miomboconversion to monoculture tree plantations: Changes in soil properties
Authors: Magalhães Tarquinio Mateus , Fanheiro Amélia Saraiva Monguela , Cossa Victoria Norberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMonoculture plantations replacing native woodlands are increasingly common globally. In Mozambique, vastmiombo*woodlands have been replaced by single‐species plantations. Studies on the effect of replacing native woodlands by single‐species tree plantations on soil properties are abundant; however, those focused specifically on the replacement ofmiomboand considering a longer time since replacement and covering different growth stages are scarce. This article aimed at assessing the effects of the conversion ofmiomboto monoculture on soil properties and studying the effect of species planted, plantation age, and rotation on soil capacity to store carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Plantations established in soils formerly covered bymiombowere compared to the remaining originalmiombowith regard to soil properties. The effect of species planted, plantation age, and rotation on soil properties was examined using the three‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test.Miomboconversion to plantations led to an increase of up to 66% of soil organic C (SOC) and 77% of total N (STN) and a decrease in soil bulk density (BD) of up to 16%. The replacement of the first‐ by second‐rotation plantations led to a decrease of up to 38% in SOC and STN and an increase of up to 32% in BD. BD decreased with plantation age; SOC and STN stocks tended to increase: 60 years after the replacement ofmiomboby plantations, SOC and STN increased by up to 88%. Changes in soil properties due to the replacement ofmiomboby monoculture were mainly driven by the species planted.* a sparse open deciduous woodland characteristic of dry parts of eastern Africa
Agronomic performance of common and tepary bean genotypes and their response to ashy stem blight in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico
Authors: Viteri Diego M. , Linares Angela M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe seed yield potential ofPhaseolusgenotypes varies according their genetic background, environmental conditions, agronomic management, presence of pathogens, and/or their interactions. We evaluated the agronomic performance of 27 common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and three tepary bean (P. acutifoliusA. Gray) genotypes and their response to ashy stem blight (ASB) caused byMacrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goidanich. The 30 bean genotypes were planted in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico, during 2019–2020. Tepary bean PI 313488 had the higher mean seed yield values (1,077–1,080 kg ha−1), compared with PI 462025 and PI 477037 (187–605 kg ha−1), in Isabela and Lajas on October 2019. Likewise, 92BG‐7, SB‐DT1, SEN 21, SER 16, SER 22, TARS‐MST1, and XAN 176 common bean genotypes had the highest yield in Isabela (>1,300 kg ha−1) and Lajas (>1,000 kg ha−1) on February 2020. Conversely, 92BG‐7, 'Bella', 'Jaguar', 'Matterhorn', SB‐DT1, SEN 3, SEA, and SER breeding lines, 'Tio Canela 75', 'UI 320', USPT‐WM‐1, VA 19, 'Verano', and XAN 176 had the lowest seed yield (<150 kg ha−1) compared with PI 313488, PI 462025, PI 477037, and TARS‐MST1 (345–511 kg ha−1) in Lajas on May 2019. Moreover, higher ASB incidence (47.6–66.3%) and severity (scores of 5.3–5.8) were observed in Lajas than Isabela (36.6–50.0% and 3.6–4.2, respectively). PI 313488 had lower ASB severity (≤4) in both locations, whereas 'Bill‐Z' and 'Matterhorn' were susceptible (>7) in Lajas. Prolonged periods of high temperatures (27.0–30.6°C) at night during reproductive stages apparently affected the seed yield and increased the ASB incidence/severity in Lajas.
Effects of riverine inflows on the climatology of a tropical Andean reservoir
Authors: Posada‐Bedoya Andrés , Gómez‐Giraldo Andrés , Román‐Botero Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractField data and numerical modeling were used to investigate the effects of the riverine inflows on the seasonality of the lake mean temperature, thermal structure, and basin‐scale internal waves in a tropical Andean reservoir. Lake temperature and external forcing were measured during contrasting hydrological periods modulated by severe cold (2011–2012) and warm (2015–2016) phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a major driver of Andes hydrology. The seasonal heat budget of the reservoir was driven by the competing rates of cooling by the inflow and heating through the surface. As the atmospheric heating rate remained roughly constant, the seasonality of the river inflow heat flux drove the seasonal reservoir temperature. The inflow also intervened on the heat transport within the reservoir and, during dry periods, mixed heat downward from the surface layer and introduced heat at intermediate depths such that a thick metalimnion formed that brought the V2H1 mode into resonance with the diurnal wind forcing. During wet periods, the inflow compressed and cooled the metalimnion, tuning the V1H1 mode to resonate with the diurnal wind. It was also observed that large inflows destroyed temporarily coherent basin‐scale internal wave motions. Because of the dominant role of the inflow on the seasonal reservoir temperature, changes within the reservoir will be more strongly related to changing temperature and volume of the incoming water than atmospheric forcing as in many large natural lakes.
Sulfur isotope fractionations constrain the biological cycling of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in the upper ocean
Authors: Osorio‐Rodriguez Daniela , Razo‐Mejia Manuel , Dalleska Nathan F. , Sessions Alex L. , Orphan Victoria J. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe rapid turnover of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), likely the most relevant dissolved organic sulfur compound in the surface ocean, makes it pivotal to understand the cycling of organic sulfur. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate is mainly synthesized by phytoplankton, and it can be utilized as carbon and sulfur sources by marine bacteria or cleaved by bacteria or algae to produce the volatile compound dimethylsulfide (DMS), involved in the formation of sulfate aerosols. The fluxes between the consumption (i.e., demethylation) and cleavage pathways are thought to depend on community interactions and their sulfur demand. However, a quantitative assessment of the sulfur partitioning between each of these pathways is still missing. Here, we report for the first time the sulfur isotope fractionations by enzymes involved in DMSP degradation with different catalytic mechanisms, expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. We show that the residual DMSP from the demethylation pathway is 2.7‰ enriched in δ 34S relative to the initial DMSP, and that the fractionation factor (34ε) of the cleavage pathways varies between −1 and −9‰. The incorporation of these fractionation factors into mass balance calculations constrains the biological fates of DMSP in seawater, supports the notion that demethylation dominates over cleavage in marine environments, and could be used as a proxy for the dominant pathways of degradation of DMSP by marine microbial communities.
A study of elective genome sequencing and pharmacogenetic testing in an unselected population
Authors: Cochran Meagan , East Kelly , Greve Veronica , Kelly Melissa , Kelley Whitley , Moore Troy , Myers Richard M. , Odom Katherine , Schroeder Molly C. , Bick David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenome sequencing (GS) of individuals without a medical indication, known as elective GS, is now available at a number of centers around the United States. Here we report the results of elective GS and pharmacogenetic panel testing in 52 individuals at a private genomics clinic in Alabama.MethodsIndividuals seeking elective genomic testing and pharmacogenetic testing were recruited through a private genomics clinic in Huntsville, AL. Individuals underwent clinical genome sequencing with a separate pharmacogenetic testing panel.ResultsSix participants (11.5%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants that may explain one or more aspects of their medical history. Ten participants (19%) had variants that altered the risk of disease in the future, including two individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Forty‐four participants (85%) were carriers of a recessive or X‐linked disorder. All individuals with pharmacogenetic testing had variants that affected current and/or future medications.ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of collecting detailed phenotype information to interpret results in elective GS.
Maintaining reflexivity in qualitative nursing research
Authors: Peddle Monica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsReflexivity is central to the construction of knowledge in qualitative research. This purpose of this paper was to outline one approach when using reflexivity as a strategy to ensure quality of the research process.DesignIn this exploratory research, reflexivity was established and maintained by using repeated questionnaires, completed online. Using the approach presented by Bradbury‐Jones (2007) and Peshkin's I’s, the aim of the research was to identify the researcher's values, beliefs, perspectives and perceptions prevalent in the research.MethodsQualitative data were collected in online reflexive questionnaires, completed monthly by the researcher from January 2017 to December 2018. Data analysis used interpretive and reflective reading and inductive processes.ResultsSeventeen questionnaires were analysed. Data indicated use of questionnaires enabled and detailed development of specific strategies to ensure trustworthiness. Importantly, reflexivity, supported by questionnaires, brought about transformation through self‐awareness and enlightenment.
Illness and inclusion: Mobility histories of adolescents with leprosy from Anglo‐Scandinavian Norwich (Eastern England)
Authors: Filipek Kori Lea , Roberts Charlotte A. , Gowland Rebecca L. , Montgomery Janet , Evans Jane A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeprosy is one of the most notorious diseases in history, widely associated with social stigma and exclusion. This study builds on previous work to reevaluate the medicohistorical evidence for social stigma in relation to leprosy. This is achieved by isotopic and palaeopathological analyses of adolescent skeletons (10–25 years old) from the Anglo‐Scandinavian (10th–11th centuries AD) parish cemetery of St. John at the Castle Gate in Norwich (Eastern England/East Anglia). Core enamel samples from premolar and molar teeth from 10 young individuals with diagnostic lesions for leprosy were selected for radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope analyses. Isotope data did not exclude anyone from the regional range. Palaeopathological data and archaeological contexts suggest that those with visible signs of leprosy were buried with their local community and in a normative manner, thus challenging the notion of social exclusion experienced by people with leprosy throughout the Medieval Period. This study underscores the importance of bioarchaeological data in challenging broad medicohistorical and archaeological narratives.
Increasing rates of buprenorphine diversion in the United States, 2002 to 2019
Authors: Buttram Mance E. , Kurtz Steven P. , Margolin Zachary R. , Severtson Stevan Geoffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeRecent reports suggest that buprenorphine is being diverted and used non‐medically. However, no apparent studies have reported national‐level data on buprenorphine diversion.MethodsCase report data were drawn from a quarterly survey of prescription drug diversion completed by a national sample of law enforcement and regulatory agencies who engage in drug diversion investigations. Quarterly rates of buprenorphine diversion per 100 000 population and 100 000 prescriptions dispensed were calculated for the period 2002 through 2019. Population‐based diversion rates were also calculated by U.S. region.ResultsIn total, 9670 cases of diverted buprenorphine were reported across all 50 states and the District of Columbia during the study period. Buprenorphine diversion rates, per 100 000 population, were characterized by an accelerating increase over time; increases in diversion rates from 1st quarter 2002 through 4th quarter 2006 were not statistically significant, yet from 1st quarter 2007 through 4th quarter 2019, the rate of diversion cases increased by 0.0067 cases per 100 000 per quarter (p < 0.001). Buprenorphine diversion rates per 100 000 prescriptions dispensed indicated a gradual increase over time; from 3rd quarter 2010 through 4th quarter 2019, diversion rates showed a statistically significant increase of 0.28 cases (p = 0.037) per quarter on average. The Northeast was the only region that did not observe an increase in the average quarterly change in buprenorphine diversion rates after 2006.ConclusionsFindings from this study illustrate longitudinal national trends of increasing buprenorphine diversion. Continued systematic surveillance of this phenomenon is needed.
Assessment of the optimal number of positive biopsy cores to discriminate between cancer‐specific mortality in high‐risk versus very high‐risk prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Würnschimmel Christoph , Chierigo Francesco , Tian Zhe , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Terrone Carlo , Saad Fred , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Roos Frederik C. , A Kluth Luis , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNumber of positive prostate biopsy cores represents a key determinant between high versus very high‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). We performed a critical appraisal of the association between the number of positive prostate biopsy cores and CSM in high versus very high‐risk PCa.MethodsWithin Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2010–2016), 13,836 high versus 20,359 very high‐risk PCa patients were identified. Discrimination according to 11 different positive prostate biopsy core cut‐offs (≥2–≥12) were tested in Kaplan–Meier, cumulative incidence, and multivariable Cox and competing risks regression models.ResultsAmong 11 tested positive prostate biopsy core cut‐offs, more than or equal to 8 (high‐risk vs. very high‐risk: n = 18,986 vs. n = 15,209, median prostate‐specific antigen [PSA]: 10.6 vs. 16.8 ng/ml, <.001) yielded optimal discrimination and was closely followed by the established more than or equal to 5 cut‐off (high‐risk vs. very high‐risk: n = 13,836 vs. n = 20,359, median PSA: 16.5 vs. 11.1 ng/ml, p < .001). Stratification according to more than or equal to 8 positive prostate biopsy cores resulted in CSM rates of 4.1 versus 14.2% (delta: 10.1%, multivariable hazard ratio: 2.2, p < .001) and stratification according to more than or equal to 5 positive prostate biopsy cores with CSM rates of 3.7 versus 11.9% (delta: 8.2%, multivariable hazard ratio: 2.0, p < .001) in respectively high versus very high‐risk PCa.ConclusionsThe more than or equal to 8 positive prostate biopsy cores cutoff yielded optimal results. It was very closely followed by more than or equal to 5 positive prostate biopsy cores. In consequence, virtually the same endorsement may be made for either cutoff. However, more than or equal to 5 positive prostate biopsy cores cutoff, based on its existing wide implementation, might represent the optimal choice.
Local input‐to‐state stability analysis on compact set for disturbance observer‐based uncertain multivariable nonlinear control systems
Authors: Umemoto Kazuki , Endo Takahiro , Matsuno Fumitoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a local input‐to‐state stability (LISS) analysis as a practical stability analysis approach. In existing LISS analysis approaches, a region including a state trajectory is not specified, and the decrement of a Lyapunov function must be guaranteed in the entire domain of the system state. This reduces the advantage of LISS by limiting the state region, and limits the class of systems for which stability can be guaranteed. To expand the class of systems for which stability can be guaranteed, the LISS Lyapunov function on a compact set (LISS LF CS) is proposed to guarantee LISS. By using the LISS LF CS, the region containing the state trajectory was revealed and the LISS condition was relaxed. In addition, the convergence rate and steady state error bound were determined for systems with LISS LF CS. The input‐to‐state stability (ISS) and LISS were analyzed for a multivariable disturbance observer‐based control system using the ISS and LISS LFs, respectively. The advantages of the proposed LISS analysis are demonstrated by comparing the ISS and LISS conditions. The analytical results were verified by conducting numerical simulations.
An Ultrastable Virus‐Like Particle with a Carbon Dot Core and Expanded Sequence Plasticity
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Jia Qingyan , Teng Yibo , Yang Mengsi , Zhang Hui , Zhang Xian‐En , Wang Pengfei , Ge Jiechao , Cao Sheng , Li Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrdered bio‐inorganic hybridization has evolved for the generation of high‐performance materials in living organisms and inspires novel strategies to design artificial hybrid materials. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are attracting extensive interest as self‐assembling systems and platforms in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology. However, as soft nanomaterials, their structural stability remains a general and fundamental problem in various applications. Here, an ultrastable VLP assembled from the major capsid protein (VP1) of simian virus 40 is reported, which contains a carbon dot (C‐dot) core. Co‐assembly of VP1 with C‐dots led to homogeneous T = 1 VLPs with a fourfold increase in VLP yields. The resultant hybrid VLPs showed markedly enhanced structural stability and sequence plasticity. C‐dots and a polyhistidine tag fused to the inner‐protruding N‐terminus of VP1 contributed synergistically to these enhancements, where extensive and strong noncovalent interactions on the C‐dot/VP1 interfaces are responsible according to cryo‐EM 3D reconstruction, molecular simulation, and affinity measurements. C‐dot‐enhanced ultrastable VLPs can serve as a new platform, enabling the fabrication of new architectures for bioimaging, theranostics, nanovaccines, etc. The hybridization strategy is simple and can easily be extended to other VLPs and protein nanoparticle systems.