bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Novo Arginine Synthesis Is Required for Full Virulence of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis During Walnut Bacterial Blight Disease
Authors: Sagawa Cíntia H. D. , Assis Renata de A. B. , Zaini Paulo A. , Saxe Houston , Wilmarth Phillip A. , Salemi Michelle , Phinney Brett S. , Dandekar Abhaya M. 
Published: December 2021

Walnut blight (WB) disease caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) threatens orchards worldwide. Nitrogen metabolism in this bacterial pathogen is dependent on arginine, a nitrogen-enriched amino acid that can either be synthesized or provided by the plant host. The arginine biosynthetic pathway uses argininosuccinate synthase (argG), associated with increased bacterial virulence. We examined the effects of bacterial arginine and nitrogen metabolism on the plant response during WB by proteomic analysis of the mutant strain Xaj argG–. Phenotypically, the mutant strain produced 42% fewer symptoms and survived in the plant tissue with 2.5-fold reduced growth compared with wild type, while showing itself to be auxotrophic for arginine in vitro. Proteomic analysis of infected tissue enabled the profiling of 676 Xaj proteins and 3,296 walnut proteins using isobaric labeling in a data-dependent acquisition approach. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed distinct plant responses. Xaj wild type (WT) triggered processes of catabolism and oxidative stress in the host under observed disease symptoms, while most of the host biosynthetic processes triggered by Xaj WT were inhibited during Xaj argG– infection. Overall, the Xaj proteins revealed a drastic shift in carbon and energy management induced by disruption of nitrogen metabolism while the top differentially expressed proteins included a Fis transcriptional regulator and a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Our results show the critical role of de novo arginine biosynthesis to sustain virulence and minimal growth during WB. This study is timely and critical as copper-based control methods are losing their effectiveness, and new sustainable methods are urgently needed in orchard environments. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Are Changes in Sleep Quality/Quantity or Baseline Sleep Parameters Related to Changes in Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain?
Authors: Chang Jeremy R. , Wang Xiaoyue , Lin Guohui , Samartzis Dino , Pinto Sabina M. , Wong Arnold Y.L. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:Sleep disturbance is prevalent among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the: (1) temporal relations between changes in sleep quality/quantity and the corresponding changes in pain and/or disability; and (2) role of baseline sleep quality/quantity in predicting future pain and/or disability in patients with CLBP.Methods:Four databases were searched from their inception to February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the abstract and full text, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality of the included studies, and evaluated the quality of evidence of the findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Results:Of 1995 identified references, 6 articles involving 1641 participants with CLBP were included. Moderate-quality evidence substantiated that improvements in self-reported sleep quality and total sleep time were significantly correlated with the corresponding LBP reduction. Low-quality evidence showed that self-reported improvements in sleep quality were related to the corresponding improvements in CLBP-related disability. There was conflicting evidence regarding the relation between baseline sleep quality/quantity and future pain/disability in patients with CLBP.Discussion:This is the first systematic review to accentuate that improved self-reported sleep quality/quantity may be associated with improved pain/disability, although it remains unclear whether baseline sleep quality/quantity is a prognostic factor for CLBP. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying the relation between sleep and CLBP, which may inform the necessity of assessing or treating sleep disturbance in people with CLBP.
Mortality in Neuromuscular Early Onset Scoliosis Following Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Fano Adam N. , Herman Elizabeth T. , Snyder Brian , Roye Benjamin D. , Cahill Patrick , Ramo Brandon , Sponseller Paul , Vitale Michael G. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: December 2021

Background:
The purpose of this study was to report mortality and associated risk factors in neuromuscular early onset scoliosis following spinal deformity surgery.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with cerebral palsy (CP), spinal muscular atrophy, myelodysplasia, muscular dystrophy, or myopathy undergoing index spine surgery from 1994 to 2020. Mortality risk was calculated up to 10 years postoperatively. Proportional hazard modeling was utilized to investigate associations between risk factors and mortality rate.

Results:
A total of 808 patients [mean age 7.7 y; 439 (54.3%) female] were identified. Postoperative 30-day, 90-day, and 120-day mortality was 0%, 0.001%, and 0.01%, respectively. 1-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year mortality was 0.5%, 1.1%, 5.4%, and 17.4%, respectively. Factors associated with increased mortality rate: CP diagnosis [hazard ratio (HR): 3.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71; 5.79, P<0.001]; nonambulatory status (HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.06; 8.5, P=0.04)]; need for respiratory assistance (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.00; 4.69, P=0.05).

Conclusions:
In neuromuscular patients with early onset scoliosis, mortality risk at 10 years following spine surgery was 17.4%. As mortality was 1.1% at 2 years, premature death was unlikely a direct result of spine surgery. Diagnosis (CP) and markers of disease severity (nonambulatory status, respiratory assistance) were associated with increased mortality rate.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level II.
Evaluation of Intraoperative Triamcinolone Injection or Primary Lobe Tacking (Pexing) Sutures for Preventing Pincushioning in Bilobed Transposition Flaps
Authors: Boylan Conor T. , Salmon Paul J. M. , Mortimer Neil J. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Bilobed transposition flaps are prone to pincushioning (trapdooring), whereby contraction of the flap over the wound bed may produce an unsatisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome. There are several proposed methods to prevent this, but there is currently no clear consensus on the ideal technique.

OBJECTIVE
To compare primary lobe pexing sutures versus intraoperative triamcinolone (TAC) injection as methods to prevent pincushioning in bilobed transposition flaps.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective chart review of bilobed flap reconstructions identified from the Mohs micrographic surgery database at a single tertiary center in New Zealand.

RESULTS
Three hundred forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria: 37 received pexing sutures, 42 intraoperative TAC, and 263 no additional intervention. The most defect common location was the nasal tip (43.6%), followed by the ala (20.8%). Ninety-three participants (27.2%) developed pincushioning at a median 35 days postoperatively. Participants receiving no intervention had a 30.8% pincushioning rate. The TAC group had a 23.8% pincushioning rate (p = .358), and the pexing group had a 5.5% pincushioning rate (p = .001).

CONCLUSION
Participants receiving primary lobe pexing sutures had a statistically significantly lower rate of pincushioning than those receiving no intervention. Intraoperative TAC injections appeared to have little impact on pincushioning.
Preterm Labor, a Syndrome Attributed to the Combination of External and Internal Factors
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Gao Lu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Preterm labor (before 37 weeks’ gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor, infectious preterm labor, and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL). Up to now, there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL, owing to multiple risk factors, pathogenesis, and pathologic processes contributing to the event, which have not been fully clarified. Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue, in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy, including sPTL. Besides, external factors can also participate in sPTL, individually or through the interaction with internal factors. In this article, we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups, and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal (maternal and fetal) aspects, so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of sPTL in the future.
Impaired Compensatory Vasodilatory Effect Mediated by Wolfram Syndrome 1 and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Family Peptides in 17α-Ethynylestradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis Pregnant Rats When Under Additional Acute Hypoxia Stress
Authors: Xu Tingting , Chen Daijuan , Deng Xixi , Zhan Yongchi , Zhou Fan , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the possible regulatory mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin (UCN), and Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) in 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis pregnant rats and its ischemia reperfusion (IR) model.

Methods:
Pregnant rats (n = 60) were randomly divided into four experimental groups by random number table (Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups), and were studied on the 17th, 19th, and 21st gestational days (GD) (n = 5 in each group at the indicated time). Growth and development indicators of fetal rats among these four groups were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect CRH, UCN, and WFS1 levels in maternal sera. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to quantify placental protein and placental mRNA levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1. Multivariate analysis of variance and least significant difference test were used to establish the group and individual comparisons.

Results:
A significant difference was found in placenta weight (F = 8.10, P < 0.05), fetal rat weight (F = 40.86, P < 0.05), fetal rat length (F = 61.61, P < 0.05), and fetal rat tail length (F = 55.63, P < 0.05) among four groups on the 17th ,19th , and 21st GD.What's more, the overall differences of maternal serum UCN levels among Control, EE, IR, and EE-IR groups were significant (F = 2.48, P < 0.05). Expression of WFS1 mRNA in the EE-IR group was significantly increased and higher than Control (0.46 ± 0.15 vs. 0.24 ± 0.09, P < 0.05), EE (0.46 ± 0.15 vs. 0.17 ± 0.04, P > 0.05), and IR (0.46 ± 0.15 vs. 0.22 ± 0.15, P > 0.05) groups at 19th GD, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be activated. However, the expression of CRH (0.42 ± 0.05 vs. 0.58 ± 0.12, P < 0.05), UCN (0.43 ± 0.01 vs. 0.47 ± 0.16, P > 0.05), and WFS1 (0.57 ± 0.07 vs. 0.74 ± 0.12, P > 0.05) protein in the EE-IR group was subsided compared to the IR group at 17th GD.

Conclusion:
Fetal rat growth restriction was found in the EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model. This study revealed that significant changes in the maternal sera level of UCN , placental level of WFS1 mRNA and placental levels of CRH, UCN, and WFS1 protein in chronic versus acute stress in a rat model of pregnancy. This suggests an impaired compensatory vasodilatory effect mediated by these factors at gene transcription and protein translation levels, following acute hypoxia stress in EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnant rats.
Changing treatments paradigms and role of immunotherapy in recurrent endometrial cancer
Authors: Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Mahdi Haider , Slomovitz Brian M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Over the past decade, the treatment of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) shifted away from the use of chemotherapy to more novel targeted therapy and immunotherapy approaches.

Recent findings
The Cancer Genome Atlas data demonstrated different subgroups within ECs, more specifically, it facilitated the identification of predictive biomarkers. In particular, immunotherapies (immuno-oncology (IO)) are active either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents, depending on the biomarker profile of the tumor.

Summary
In May 2017, pembrolizumab was approved for patients with microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) EC. More recently, this approval was extended for patients harvesting tumors with a high tumor mutational burden status. Furthermore, in July 2021, the combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib was approved for patients who do not exhibit MSI-H disease. Given the wealth of targets in EC and different targetable mutations, the challenge will be to choose the proper treatment and the proper sequencing to derive the best outcome in the first-line setting and improve outcomes in subsequent settings. This review summarizes the current indications of immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced and recurrent EC. We outline the role of testing for uterine cancer and its implication in therapy management. Finally, we address new concepts for immunotherapy combinations with other therapies.
Triple negative breast cancer: any closer to cracking the code?
Authors: Peddi Parvin F. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Triple negative breast cancer is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and has traditionally lacked targeted therapies leading to worse prognosis in most patients.

Recent findings
We will review new targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer including immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and poly (adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Summary
Immunotherapy is now a backbone of PD-L1 positive metastatic triple negative breast cancer in the front-line setting as well as part of neoadjuvant therapy for high risk localized triple negative breast cancer. PARP inhibitors and a new antibody-drug conjugate are additional new therapies that can be used to improve the outcome for localized and metastatic triple negative breast cancers. None of these treatments were available before the review period for this paper.
TRANSCORNEAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION THERAPY MAY HAVE A STABILIZATION EFFECT ON MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY FOR PATIENTS WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Authors: Dizdar Yigit Didem , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Şahin Özlem 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To assess the effects of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) on several measures of visual function in retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, fellow-eye–controlled study includes 30 eyes of 15 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. Each patient's eyes were randomly selected as treatment (TE) and control eye (CE), and 30 minutes/week TES was applied for 6 months. Patient evaluations were performed before and after TES, including comprehensive ophthalmological examination, visual fields, full-field and multifocal electroretinography, microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography. All parameters were compared before and after TES and between TE and CE.

Results:
After TES, the mean signal amplitudes in multifocal electroretinography were stabilized in TE. The mean signal amplitudes in CE decreased in every ring, reaching significance in the fifth ring (847.15 ± 393.94 and 678.77 ± 282.66 nV, P = 0.039, before and after TES, respectively). The changes in the mean signal amplitudes of TE and CE were −0.38 ± 295.53 and −185.15 ± 332,62 nV in second (P = 0.046), 36.69 ± 326.4 and −143.38 ± 317,41 nV in fourth (P = 0.028), and −17.46 ± 333.07 and −168.38 ± 297,14 nV in fifth rings (P = 0.046), respectively. The decrease in the mean signal amplitudes between 2° and 20° midperipheral retina was significantly less in TE (−33.59 ± 225,1 nV) than CE (−205.56 ± 345.1 nV) (P = 0.011). There were no significant changes in other parameters.

Conclusion:
The progression in multifocal electroretinography might be stabilized with TES. Further studies with larger sample sizes and a longer follow-up are needed to conclude that TES reduces retinitis pigmentosa progression.
Interferon Gamma Release Assay Mitogen Responses in COVID-19
Authors: Coppock Dagan , Zurlo Claire E. , Meloni Jenna M. , Goss Sara L. , Zurlo John J. , Pettengill Matthew A. 
Published: December 2021

Background
Elevated cytokine release and T cell exhaustion have been associated with COVID-19 disease severity. T cell activity may be indirectly measured through interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), which use mitogen stimulation of T lymphocytes as a positive control. In our institution, an unexpectedly high rate of indeterminate IGRAs was noted in COVID-19–positive patients. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics associated with indeterminate IGRA results and the difference in mitogen responses between COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative patients.

Methods
We reviewed all patients, regardless of COVID status, who were admitted between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2020, and for whom an IGRA was collected. For COVID-19–positive individuals, we evaluated the statistical association of their IGRA results and clinical characteristics, including demographics, laboratory values, comorbidities, and hospitalization-related outcomes. For both COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative individuals, we evaluated IGRA mitogen control values relative to COVID-19 status as stratified by absolute lymphocyte count.

Results
In COVID-19–positive patients, indeterminate IGRA results were statistically associated with white blood cell count and other markers of inflammation. When comparing COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative patients, we noted a statistically significant difference in IGRA mitogen control values when stratified by absolute lymphocyte count.

Conclusions
Indeterminate IGRA results were associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, when comparing mitogen responses between COVID-19–positive and COVID-19–negative patients, there was an observed difference in T cell reactivity between the groups. The mitogen response in IGRAs may serve as a surrogate for T cell function and a marker of disease severity in COVID-19.
Linezolid for infective endocarditis
Authors: Muñoz P. , De la Villa S. , Martínez-Sellés M. , Goenaga M.A. , Reviejo-Jaka K. , Revillas F. Arnáiz de las , García-Cuello L. , Hidalgo-Tenorio C. , Rodríguez-Esteban M.A. , Antorrena I. , Castelo-Corral L. , García-Vázquez E. , De la Torre J. , Bouza E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current data on the frequency and efficacy of linezolid (LNZ) in infective endocarditis (IE) are based on small retrospective series. We used a national database to evaluate the effectiveness of LNZ in IE.
This is a retrospective study of IE patients in the Spanish GAMES database who received LNZ. We defined 3 levels of therapeutic impact: LNZ < 7 days, LNZ high-impact (≥ 7 days, > 50% of the total treatment, and > 50% of the LNZ doses prescribed in the first weeks of treatment), and LNZ ≥ 7 days not fulfilling the high-impact criteria (LNZ-NHI). Effectiveness of LNZ was assessed using propensity score matching and multivariate analysis of high-impact cases in comparison to patients not treated with LNZ from the GAMES database matched for age-adjusted comorbidity Charlson index, heart failure, renal failure, prosthetic and intracardiac IE device, left-sided IE, and Staphylococcus aureus. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality. Secondary outcomes included IE complications and relapses.
From 3467 patients included in the GAMES database, 295 (8.5%) received LNZ. After excluding 3 patients, 292 were grouped as follows for the analyses: 99 (33.9%) patients in LNZ < 7 days, 11 (3.7%) in LNZ high-impact, and 178 (61%) in LNZ-NHI. In-hospital mortality was 51.5%, 54.4%, and 19.1% respectively. In the propensity analysis, LNZ high-impact group presented with respect to matched controls not treated with LNZ higher in-hospital mortality (54.5% vs 18.2%, P = .04). The multivariate analysis showed an independent relationship of LNZ use with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 9.06, 95% confidence interval 1.15--71.08, P = .03).
Treatment with LNZ is relatively frequent, but most cases do not fulfill our high-impact criteria. Our data suggest that the use of LNZ as definitive treatment in IE may be associated with higher in-hospital mortality.
Case report: pulsed radiofrequency surgery combined with platelet-rich plasma injection in the treatment of supraspinatus injury
Authors: Jin Hui , Gao Yao , Ji Youbo , Xu Rui , Zuo Hao , Wang Zhonghan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
The shoulder joint is the most movable joint of the human body, and the incidence of aseptic inflammation of the muscles and tendons around the shoulder joint and acute and chronic muscle injuries is relatively high. Pulsed radiofrequency neuromodulation technology is gradually being used in shoulder joint diseases. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a high-power platelet plasma solution obtained by centrifugation of autologous blood. Platelet cells contain many growth factors that promote tissue repair.

Patient concerns:
Shoulder soreness, limited movement of the shoulder joint, abduction of the upper limbs, and aggravation of pain during flat lifting. The pain radiates to the deltoid muscle stop and forearm.

Interventions:
In this study, radiofrequency pulses combined with PRP were used to treat supraspinatus muscle injury and explore new methods for the treatment of shoulder joint muscle and tendon injuries represented by supraspinatus muscle injury.

Diagnosis:
We reported 4 patients with supraspinatus injury who received radiofrequency pulse combined with PRP treatment in our hospital.

Outcomes:
After treatment, the patients were followed up at the first month, the third month, and the sixth month, and the Constant–Murley shoulder score and visual analog scale were used to comprehensively evaluate the postoperative improvement of the patients. There was no significant increase in postoperative pain, the Constant–Murley shoulder Score was significantly increased, the range of movement of the shoulder joint was significantly improved, and there were no postoperative complications.

Lessons:
The combined application of the 2 treatments can make full use of the analgesic effect of pulsed radiofrequency technology and the repairing effect of PRP, and can maximize the advantages of the 2 more advanced treatment methods in the field of minimally invasive.