bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements (PROMs) After Discharge From the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Menditto Vincenzo G , Maraldo Antonello , Barbadoro Pamela , Maccaroni Roberto , Salvi Aldo , D’Errico Marcello M , Marasca Stefano 
Published: April 2021

Background: The purpose of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) is to elicit the perspectives of patients and translate them into a reliable measurement questionnaire. Objectives: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to detect a set of PROs and PRO measurements (PROMs) about patients with isolated trauma of the limbs receiving emergency department (ED) care. Methods: A survey was performed in the ED using a questionnaire among the enrolled patients to identify which proposed outcomes were perceived as important by the patients according to their expectations. Results: Ninety-six consecutive patients were conveniently enrolled. For each item of the questionnaire, the percentage of patients who agreed to perceive it important were calculated. Three items were perceived important by almost 85% of the patients: getting an x-ray (91%; 95% CI: 88%-98%), obtaining a written therapy (94%; 95% CI: 87%-97%), and feeling the physicians’ and nurses’ empathy (97%; 95% CI: 91%-99%). The ED system was able to satisfy 2 of the 3 agreed PROs in at least 85% of the cases: getting an x-ray (97%; 95% CI: 91%-99%) and obtaining a written therapy (97%; 95% CI: 91%-99%). Moreover, in 30/96 patients (31%; 95% CI: 22%-41%), all the PROs were satisfied, and in 75/96 patients (78%; 95% CI: 69%-85%), all agreed PROs were satisfied. Conclusions: Our study shows an example of core of PROs proposed by the ED physicians and agreed by the patients. Moreover, we presented a set of PROMs which could be used to measure the quality of an ED.
SAPHYR: Swiss Atlas of Physical Properties of Rocks: the continental crust in a database
Authors: Zappone Alba , Kissling Eduard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Swiss Atlas of Physical Properties of Rocks (SAPHYR) project aims at centralize, uniform, and digitize dispersed and often hardly accessible laboratory data on physical properties of rocks from Switzerland and surrounding regions. The goal of SAPHYR is to make the quality-controlled and homogenized data digitally accessible to an open public, including industrial, engineering, land and resource planning companies as well as governmental and academic institutions, or simply common people interested in rock physics. The physical properties, derived from pre-existing literature or newly measured, are density, porosity and permeability as well as seismic, magnetic, thermal and electrical properties. The data were collected on samples either from outcrops or from tunnels and boreholes. At present, data from literature have been collected extensively for density, porosity, seismic and thermal properties. In the past years, effort has been placed especially on collecting samples and measuring the physical properties of rock types that were poorly documented in literature. A workflow for quality control on reliability and completeness of the data was established. We made the attempt to quantify the variability and the uncertainty of the data. The database has been recently transferred to the Federal Office of Topography swisstopo with the aim to develop the necessary tools to query the database and open it to the public. Laboratory measurements are continuously collected, therefore the database is ongoing and in continuous development. The spatial distribution of the physical properties can be visualized as maps using simple GIS tools. Here the distribution of bulk density and velocity at room conditions are presented as examples of data representation; the methodology to produce these maps is described in detail. Moreover we also present an exemplification of the use of specific datasets, for which pressure and temperatures derivatives are available, to develop crustal models.
Genotype-driven therapeutic developments in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Prasuhn Jannik , Brüggemann Norbert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Remarkable advances have been reached in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with the identification of monogenic causes (mPD) and a plethora of gene loci leading to an increased risk for idiopathic PD. The expanding knowledge and subsequent identification of genetic contributions fosters the understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to disease development and progression. Distinct pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lysosomal function have been identified and open a unique window of opportunity for individualized treatment approaches. These genetic findings have led to an imminent progress towards pathophysiology-targeted clinical trials and potentially disease-modifying treatments in the future.

Main body of the manuscript
In this review article we will summarize known genetic contributors to the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease, the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, and discuss challenges and opportunities in clinical trial designs.

Conclusions
The future success of clinical trials in PD is mainly dependent on reliable biomarker development and extensive genetic testing to identify genetic cases. Whether genotype-dependent stratification of study participants will extend the potential application of new drugs will be one major challenge in conceptualizing clinical trials. However, the latest developments in genotype-driven treatments will pave the road to individualized pathophysiology-based therapies in the future.
Rule-based classification and mapping of ecosystem services with data on the integrity of forest ecosystems
Authors: Schlutow Angela , Schröder Winfried 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The state of ecosystems influences their services for humans. Therefore, the European Union aims to assess and map ecosystem conditions and ecosystem services at the level of the Union and the Member States to implement maintenance or protection measures, if necessary.This paper examines the relationship between forest ecosystem conditions and ecosystem services at the national level, using Germany as an example. The aim is to create a methodology that allows users to understand and predict how the potential supply of selected ecosystem services might change over time under the influence of climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and that is reproducible, unlike previous approaches. To this end, the methodology was operationalised in a quantitative and rule-based manner.

Methods and results
The multitude of forest ecosystem types were grouped into 78 classes according to the degree of similarity of their ecological characteristics that influence the provision of ecosystem services. Thereby, ecoclimatic, soil hydrological and nutrient balance characteristics and 12 potential ecosystem service capacities were taken into account. Three potential ecosystem services were quantified for representatives of the ecosystem type classes. The ecosystem service classification was mapped for all of Germany.

Conclusions
The methodology presented enables a transparent and thus a reproducible classification of current and future ecosystem services
COVID-19: challenges faced by Nepalese migrants living in Japan
Authors: Bhandari Divya , Kotera Yasuhiro , Ozaki Akihiko , Abeysinghe Sudeepa , Kosaka Makoto , Tanimoto Tetsuya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, COVID-19 has exacerbated the vulnerability of migrants, impacting many facets of their lives. Nepalese make up one of the largest groups of migrants residing in Japan. Crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could disproportionately affect migrants from low- and middle-income countries like Nepal, widening health and economic inequalities. An in-depth, comprehensive assessment is needed to appraise the diverse problems they encounter. Drawing upon qualitative interviews, this study aimed to identify challenges faced by Nepalese migrants in Japan as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss their needs to counter these challenges.MethodsThis qualitative study employed an interpretivist approach to appraise the first-hand experience of Nepalese migrants living in Japan. Fourteen participants (8 males and 6 females, aged 21 to 47 years old) were recruited to participate in semi-structured in-depth telephone interviews (45–60 min) regarding: (a) their perceived current physical and mental health, (b) problems faced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (c) perception of available and necessary support structures. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit the participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.ResultsSix themes were identified: 1) experiencing psychosomatic symptoms, 2) adoption of new healthy behaviors, 3) financial hardship, 4) family concerns, 5) reflections on discrimination and 6) reflections of existing support and expectations of support systems. The findings of our study illustrate the specific impact of COVID-19 among Nepalese migrants regarding their unstable employment conditions, perceived lack of social support, possible obligation to send money home, difficulty in accessing services due to the language barrier, and a lack of effective governmental support from Nepal. Pandemic-related adversity has negatively impacted migrants’ mental well-being, exacerbating their vulnerability.ConclusionsComprehensive and timely support should be provided to the vulnerable migrant population. Effective coordination among relevant parties in both countries, including the governments concerned, should be facilitated.
Association between food insecurity and access to a mental health professional: cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2007–2014
Authors: Burruss Nina Camille , Girgis Marina , Green Karen Elizabeth , Lu Lingyi , Palakshappa Deepak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
To determine if individuals with food insecurity (FI) were less likely to have seen a mental health professional (MHP) within the past year than individuals without FI.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in the United States between 2007 and 2014. All participants 20 years of age or older were eligible for this study. We excluded participants who were pregnant, missing FI data, or missing data from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The primary outcome was self-reported contact with a MHP in the past 12 months. We used multivariable logistic regression models to test the association between FI and contact with a MHP, controlling for all demographic and clinical covariates.

Results
Of the 19,789 participants, 13.9% were food insecure and 8.1% had major depressive disorder (MDD). In bivariate analysis, participants with FI were significantly more likely to have MDD (5.3% vs 2.8%, p < 0.0001) and to have been seen by a MHP in the preceding 12 months (14.0% vs 6.9%, p < 0.0001). In multivariable models, adults with FI had higher odds of having seen a MHP (OR = 1.32, CI: 1.07, 1.64).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that individuals with FI were significantly more likely to have seen a MHP in the preceding 12 months compared to individuals without FI. Given the growing interest in addressing unmet social needs in healthcare settings, this data suggests that visits with MHPs may be a valuable opportunity to screen for and intervene on FI.
The impact of distance cataract surgical wet laboratory training on cataract surgical competency of ophthalmology residents
Authors: Geary Amelia , Wen Qing , Adrianzén Rosa , Congdon Nathan , Janani R. , Haddad Danny , Timbo Clare Szalay , Khalifa Yousuf M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
This study assessed the impact of distance cataract surgical wet laboratory training on surgical competency of ophthalmology residents at a tertiary-level ophthalmic training center in Trujillo, Peru.

Methods
Three five-week distance wet lab courses were administered through Cybersight, Orbis International’s telemedicine platform. Weekly lectures and demonstrations addressed specific steps in phacoemulsification surgery. Each lecture had two accompanying wet lab assignments, which residents completed and recorded in their institution’s wet lab and uploaded to Cybersight for grading. Competency was assessed through anonymous grading of pre- and post-training surgical simulation videos, masked as to which occurred before and after training, using a standardized competency rubric adapted from the Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric (OSCAR, scale of 0–32). Day one best-corrected post-operative visual acuity (BVCA) was assessed in the operative eye on the initial consecutive 4–6 surgeries conducted by the residents as per the norms of their residency training. An anonymous post-training satisfaction survey was administered to trainees’.

Results
In total, 21 ophthalmic residents participated in the courses, submitting a total of 210 surgical videos. Trainees’ average competency score increased 6.95 points (95%CI [4.28, 9.62], SD = 5.01, p < 0.0001, two sample t-test) from 19.3 (95%CI [17.2, 21.5], SD = 4.04) to 26.3 (95%CI [24.2, 28.3], SD = 3.93). Visual acuity for 92% of post-training resident surgeries (n = 100) was ≥20/60, meeting the World Health Organization’s criterion for good quality.

Conclusions
Structured distance wet lab courses in phacoemulsification resulted in significantly improved cataract surgical skills. This model could be applicable to locations where there are obstacles to traditional in-person training, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Regulation of circulating CTRP-2/CTRP-9 and GDF-8/GDF-15 by intralipids and insulin in healthy control and polycystic ovary syndrome women following chronic exercise training
Authors: Jerobin Jayakumar , Ramanjaneya Manjunath , Bettahi Ilham , Parammal Raihanath , Siveen Kodappully Sivaraman , Alkasem Meis , Aye Myint , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Skarulis Monica , Atkin Stephen L. , Abou-Samra Abdul Badi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. The circulating C1Q/TNF-related proteins (CTRP-2, CTRP-9) and growth differentiation factors (GDF-8, GDF-15) contribute to glucose and lipid homeostasis. The effects of intralipids and insulin infusion on CTRP-2, CTRP-9, GDF-8 and GDF-15 in PCOS and control subjects before and after chronic exercise training were examined.

Methods
Ten PCOS and nine healthy subjects were studied at baseline status and after moderate-intensity chronic exercise training (1 h exercise, 3 times per week, 8 weeks). All participants were infused with 1.5 mL/min of saline or intralipids (20%) for 5 h, and during the last 2 h of saline or intralipids infusion hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HIEC) was performed. CTRP-2, CTRP-9, GDF-8 and GDF-15 levels were measured at 0, 3 and 5 h.

Results
Intralipids dramatically increased CTRP-2 levels in PCOS (P = 0.02) and control (P = 0.004) subjects, which was not affected by insulin infusion or by exercise. Intralipids alone had no effects on CTRP-9, GDF-8, or GDF-15. Insulin increased the levels of GDF-15 in control subjects (P = 0.05) during the saline study and in PCOS subjects (P = 0.04) during the intralipid infusion. Insulin suppressed CTRP9 levels during the intralipid study in both PCOS (P = 0.04) and control (P = 0.01) subjects. Exercise significantly reduced fasting GDF-8 levels in PCOS (P = 0.03) and control (P = 0.04) subjects; however, intralipids infusion after chronic exercise training increased GDF-8 levels in both PCOS (P = 0.003) and control (P = 0.05) subjects and insulin infusion during intralipid infusion reduced the rise of GDF-8 levels.

Conclusion
This study showed that exogenous lipids modulate CTRP-2, which might have a physiological role in lipid metabolism. Since chronic exercise training reduced fasting GDF-8 levels; GDF-8 might have a role in humoral adaptation to exercise. GDF-15 and CTRP-9 levels are responsive to insulin, and thus they may play a role in insulin responses.
Effect of antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis on bronchopulmonary dysplasia and related mechanisms
Authors: Ran Xiao , He Yu , Ai Qing , Shi Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Modification of the gut microbiota by antibiotics may influence the disease susceptibility and immunological responses. Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) subjected to frequent antibiotics and oxygen therapies, which may give rise to local and systemic inflammatory reactions and progression of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal dysbacteriosis by antibiotic therapy before hyperoxia exposure in the progression of BPD.

Methods
Mice had been exposed to hyperoxia (85% O2) since postnatal day 3 until day 16 for the BPD model establishment, treated with antibiotics from postnatal day 2 until day 8. Treated mice and appropriate controls were harvested on postnatal day 2 or 10 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, or postnatal day 17 for assessment of alveolar morphometry and macrophages differentiation.

Results
Antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis before hyperoxia exposure gave rise to deterioration of BPD evidenced by reduced survival rates and alveolarization. Moreover, antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis resulted in increased M1 macrophage maker (iNOS) and decreased M2 macrophage maker (Arg-1) levels in lung homogenates.

Conclusion
Broad-spectrum antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbacteriosis may participate in BPD pathogenesis via alteration of the macrophage polarization status. Manipulating the gut microbiota may potentially intervene the therapy of BPD.
Human Huntington’s disease pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia develop normally but are abnormally hyper-reactive and release elevated levels of reactive oxygen species
Authors: O’Regan Grace C. , Farag Sahar H. , Casey Caroline S. , Wood-Kaczmar Alison , Pocock Jennifer M. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Andre Ralph 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundNeuroinflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease, given evidence of activated microglia and elevated levels of inflammatory molecules in disease gene carriers, even those many years from symptom onset. We have shown previously that monocytes from Huntington’s disease patients are hyper-reactive to stimulation in a manner dependent on their autonomous expression of the disease-causing mutant HTT protein. To date, however, whether human microglia are similarly hyper-responsive in a cell-autonomous manner has not been determined.MethodsMicroglial-like cells were derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) expressing mutant HTT containing varying polyglutamine lengths. These included lines that are otherwise isogenic, such that any observed differences can be attributed with certainty to the disease mutation itself. Analyses by quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy respectively of key genes and protein markers were undertaken to determine whether Huntington’s disease PSCs differentiated normally to a microglial fate. The resultant cultures and their supernatants were then assessed by various biochemical assays and multiplex ELISAs for viability and responses to stimulation, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Conditioned media were applied to PSC-derived striatal neurons, and vice versa, to determine the effects that the secretomes of each cell type might have on the other.ResultsHuman PSCs generated microglia successfully irrespective of the expression of mutant HTT. These cells, however, were hyper-reactive to stimulation in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNFα. They also released elevated levels of reactive oxygen species that have neurotoxic potential. Accompanying such phenotypes, human Huntington’s disease PSC-derived microglia showed increased levels of apoptosis and were more susceptible to exogenous stress. Such stress appeared to be induced by supernatants from human PSC-derived striatal neurons expressing mutant HTT with a long polyglutamine tract.ConclusionsThese studies show, for the first time, that human Huntington’s disease PSC-derived microglia are hyper-reactive due to their autonomous expression of mutant HTT. This provides a cellular basis for the contribution that neuroinflammation might make to Huntington’s disease pathogenesis.
Age-dependency of terminal ileum tissue resident memory T cell responsiveness profiles to S. Typhi following oral Ty21a immunization in humans
Authors: Booth Jayaum S. , Goldberg Eric , Patil Seema A. , Barnes Robin S. , Greenwald Bruce D. , Sztein Marcelo B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of aging on the immune system is unequivocal and results in an altered immune status termed immunosenescence. In humans, the mechanisms of immunosenescence have been examined almost exclusively in blood. However, most immune cells are present in tissue compartments and exhibit differential cell (e.g., memory T cells -TM) subset distributions. Thus, it is crucial to understand immunosenescence in tissues, especially those that are exposed to pathogens (e.g., intestine). Using a human model of oral live attenuated typhoid vaccine, Ty21a, we investigated the effect of aging on terminal ileum (TI) tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells. TRMprovide immediate adaptive effector immune responsiveness at the infection site. However, it is unknown whether aging impacts TRMS. Typhi-responsive cells at the site of infection (e.g., TI). Here, we determined the effect of aging on the induction of TIS.Typhi-responsive TRMsubsets elicited by Ty21a immunization.ResultsWe observed that aging impacts the frequencies of TI-lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) TMand TRMin both Ty21a-vaccinated and control groups. In unvaccinated volunteers, the frequencies of LPMC CD103- CD4+ TRMdisplayed a positive correlation with age whilst the CD4/CD8 ratio in LPMC displayed a negative correlation with age.We observed that elderly volunteers have weakerS.Typhi-specific mucosal immune responses following Ty21a immunization compared to adults. For example, CD103+ CD4+ TRMshowed reduced IL-17A production, while CD103- CD4+ TRMexhibited lower levels of IL-17A and IL-2 in the elderly than in adults following Ty21a immunization. Similar results were observed in LPMC CD8+ TRMand CD103- CD8+ T cell subsets. A comparison of multifunctional (MF) profiles of both CD4+ and CD8+ TRMsubsets between elderly and adults also showed significant differences in the quality and quantity of elicited single (S) and MF responses.ConclusionsAging influences tissue resident TMS. Typhi-specific responses in the terminal ileum following oral Ty21a-immunization. This study is the first to provide insights in the generation of local vaccine-specific responses in the elderly population and highlights the importance of evaluating tissue immune responses in the context of infection and aging.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifierNCT03970304, Registered 29 May 2019 - Retrospectively registered).