bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size, time‐varying beta, and conditional heteroscedasticity in UK stock returns
Authors: Reyes Mario G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between firm size and time‐varying betas of UK stocks. We extend the Schwert and Seguin (1990)(Journal of Finance 45, 1120–1155) methodology by explicitly modeling conditional heteroscedasticity in the market model residual returns. Our results show that the time‐varying coefficient is not statistically significant for both small and large firm stock indexes. We also find that accounting for GARCH effects in the Schwert‐Seguin market model yields beta estimates that are markedly differently from those when conditional heteroscedasticity is ignored. Event studies that ignore conditional heteroscedasticity may bias the abnormal returns of small and large firms, thereby leading to a different conclusion regarding the significance of an information event.
Inorganic Lead‐Free Cs2AuBiCl6 Perovskite Absorber and Cu2O Hole Transport Material Based Single‐Junction Solar Cells with 22.18% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Kale Abhijeet J. , Chaurasiya Rajneesh , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCs2AuBiCl6 is considered to be a potential lead‐free double perovskite alternative for perovskite solar cells. Its electronic and optical properties are investigated using density functional theory. The electronic properties of Cs2AuBiCl6 material ensure a bandgap of 1.40 eV (without considering SOC) and 1.12 eV (with SOC) using mBJ exchange‐correlation functional, close to the optimal bandgap for solar cell application as per the Shockley–Queisser limit. Optical properties suggest a high absorption coefficient ≈105 cm−1 with low reflectance, making it the optimal absorber material. Furthermore, the photovoltaic performance of Cs2AuBiCl6 based single‐junction transparent conducting oxide (TCO)/IDL1/Cs2AuBiCl6/IDL2/Cu2O solar cell is investigated using SCAPS‐1D device simulation program. The impact of electron affinity, thickness, carrier concentration, defect density, and interface defect density is examined using interface defect layer (IDL) on the photovoltaic performance. The maximum photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈22.18% is noticed for optimized material's parameters. These studies on TCO/IDL1/Cs2AuBiCl6/IDL2/Cu2O solar cell will provide guidelines for designing and developing an efficient lead‐free perovskite‐based solar cell as an alternative to conventional halide perovskite materials based solar cell.
Mixed Matrix Membranes for Sustainable Electrical Energy‐Saving Applications
Authors: Harami Hossein Riasat , Amirkhani Farid , Abedsoltan Hossein , Younas Mohammad , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Sheikh Mahdi , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work presents a technical investigation and review of the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) employed in different applications to save electrical energy. The MMMs design has been recently adjusted and improved to restore more energy bulks. The important factors to control the performance of the MMMs are the penetrant type, membrane matrix, and polymer‐filler interface interactions. This study reviews the current methods to deal with dielectric MMMs and smart nanomembranes for energy saving. These methods include ferroelectric membrane fabrication, dielectric permittivity, conductive dopants, construction of nanocomposites with modified surfaces, and the usage of combined effects. Most chemists and scientists have dedicated all their efforts to develop the attributes of dielectric materials at various electric fields and to find their relationship with chemical construction, composite morphology, and particle density.
Impact of Protein Fouling on the Charge Injection Capacity, Impedance, and Effective Electrode Area of Platinum Electrodes for Bionic Devices
Authors: Harris Alexander R. , Carter Paul , Cowan Robert , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe impact of protein fouling on platinum electrodes was assessed by electrochemical methods. Protein fouling affected the electrode potential and charge transfer through the electrode‐solution interface. Adsorbed proteins partially blocked the electrode, with no charge passing through blocked regions. The electrochemical theory and methodology for investigating partially blocked electrodes is fully presented, applied to protein adsorption, and the implications for bionics applications are discussed. The partially blocked electrode had a reduced admittance, and increased impedance and polarization resistance consistent with a smaller effective electrode area. The charge storage capacity and charge injection capacity decreased after protein adsorption. The effective electrode area was assessed by impedance and cyclic voltammetry. The diffusion profile towards the partially blocked electrode was mixed between linear and radial diffusion.
Clinical and organizational risk factors for mortality during deterioration events among pediatric oncology patients in Latin America: A multicenter prospective cohort
Authors: Agulnik Asya , Cárdenas Adolfo , Carrillo Angela K. , Bulsara Purva , Garza Marcela , Alfonso Carreras Yvania , Alvarado Manuel , Calderón Patricia , Díaz Rosdali , de León Claudia , del Real Claudia , Huitz Tania , Martínez Angélica , Miralda Scheybi , Montalvo Erika , Negrín Octavia , Osuna Alejandra , Perez Fermin Clara Krystal , Pineda Estuardo , Soberanis Dora , Juárez Tobias Maria Susana , Lu Zhaohua , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos ,   EVAT Study Group
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHospitalized pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) patients have frequent clinical deterioration events (CDE) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, particularly in resource‐limited settings. The objective of this study was to describe CDEs in hospitalized PHO patients in Latin America and to identify event‐level and center‐level risk factors for mortality.MethodsIn 2017, the authors implemented a prospective registry of CDEs, defined as unplanned transfers to a higher level of care, use of ICU‐level interventions on the floor, or nonpalliative floor deaths, in 16 PHO centers in 10 countries. PHO hospital admissions and hospital inpatient days were also reported. This study analyzes the first year of registry data (June 2017 to May 2018).ResultsAmong 16 centers, 553 CDEs were reported in PHO patients during 11,536 admissions and 119,414 inpatient days (4.63 per 1000 inpatient days). Event mortality was 29% (1.33 per 1000 inpatient days) but ranged widely across centers (11%‐79% or 0.36‐5.80 per 1000 inpatient days). Significant risk factors for event mortality included requiring any ICU‐level intervention on the floor and not being transferred to a higher level of care. Events with organ dysfunction, a higher severity of illness, and a requirement for ICU intervention had higher mortality. In center‐level analysis, hospitals with a higher volume of PHO patients, less floor use of ICU intervention, lower severity of illness on transfer, and lower rates of floor cardiopulmonary arrest had lower event mortality.ConclusionsHospitalized PHO patients who experience CDEs in resource‐limited settings frequently require floor‐based ICU interventions and have high mortality. Modifiable hospital practices around the escalation of care for these high‐risk patients may contribute to poor outcomes. Earlier recognition of critical illness and timely ICU transfer may improve survival in hospitalized children with cancer.
Methods for Rapid Protein Depletion in C. elegans using Auxin‐Inducible Degradation
Authors: Divekar Nikita S. , Horton Hannah E. , Wignall Sarah M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerous methods have been developed in model systems to deplete or inactivate proteins to elucidate their functional roles. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a common method for protein depletion is RNA interference (RNAi), in which mRNA is targeted for degradation. C. elegans is also a powerful genetic organism, amenable to large‐scale genetic screens and CRISPR‐mediated genome editing. However, these approaches largely lead to constitutive inhibition, which can make it difficult to study proteins essential for development or to dissect dynamic cellular processes. Thus, there have been recent efforts to develop methods to rapidly inactivate or deplete proteins to overcome these barriers. One such method that is proving to be exceptionally powerful is auxin‐inducible degradation. In order to apply this approach in C. elegans, a 44–amino acid degron tag is added to the protein of interest, and the Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase TIR1 is expressed in target tissues. When the plant hormone auxin is added, it mediates an interaction between TIR1 and the degron‐tagged protein of interest, which triggers ubiquitination of the protein and its rapid degradation via the proteasome. Here, we have outlined multiple methods for inducing auxin‐mediated depletion of target proteins in C. elegans, highlighting the versatility and power of this method. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 19 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: Long‐term auxin‐mediated depletion on platesSupport Protocol: Preparation of NGM and NGM‐auxin platesBasic Protocol 2: Rapid auxin‐mediated depletion via soakingBasic Protocol 3: Acute auxin‐mediated depletion in isolated embryosBasic Protocol 4: Assessing auxin‐mediated depletion
Do foreign lenders' national cultures affect loan pricing?
Authors: Pappas Kostas , Xu Alice Liang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the role of foreign lenders' national cultures in the pricing of syndicated loans. Using Schwartz's cultural dimensions, embeddedness, and mastery, we find that foreign lenders domiciled in countries with higher embeddedness and mastery scores offer lower interest rates. These findings are robust to a battery of robustness tests and incremental to the effects of formal institutions. We also document that greater information asymmetry and foreign lenders' bargaining powers strengthen the impact of the foreign lenders' cultural values on loan pricing. An additional analysis shows that the intensity of loan covenants is also negatively related to the embeddedness and mastery scores of the foreign lenders' countries of domicile. Our findings suggest that cross‐border debt contracting decisions are not only determined by objective judgments about risk and return but also depend on the subjective assertion of values and beliefs guided by informal institutions, such as cultural norms. Cultural values can nurture and shape economic incentives and perceptions of sophisticated professional bankers in increasingly globalized market settings, even when the financial stakes are substantial.
Pulmonary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: CT findings and pathological basis
Authors: Bi Wanli , Zhao Shuo , Wu Chongchong , Gao Jie , Zhao Shaohong , Yang Shifeng , Deng Yan , Nie Pei , Yu Xinxin , Deng Hui , Zang Xuelei , Ma Xidong , Han Jun , Asuquo Idorenyin , Wang Ximing , Xue Xinying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) is the most frequent subset of primary pulmonary lymphoma. This study aimed to identify radiologic characteristics of pulmonary MALToma based on computed tomography (CT) observations and pathologic features, and further investigate its prognosis.MethodsSixty‐six patients (55.4 ± 10.9 years; 51.5% male) diagnosed as pulmonary MALToma by pathology were retrospectively enrolled. According to distributions and features of lesions shown on CT, patients were divided into three patterns, including single nodular/mass, multiple nodular/mass, and pneumonia‐like consolidative.ResultsVariety of the location and extent of the lymphomatous infiltration accounted for different characteristics demonstrated at CT. The pneumonia‐like consolidative pattern was the most frequent pattern observed in 42 patients (63.6%), followed by single nodular/mass (21.2%) and multiple nodular/mass (15.2%). CT features included air bronchogram (72.7%), well‐marginated halo sign (53.0%), coarse spiculate with different lengths (72.7%), angiogram sign (77.1% of 35 patients), peribronchovascular thickening (48.5%), irregular cavitation (16.7%) and pulmonary cyst (7.6%). The estimated 5‐year cumulative overall survival rate of pulmonary MALToma was 100.0%.ConclusionsPulmonary MALToma demonstrates several characteristics at CT. Identification of the significant pulmonary abnormalities of this indolent disease entity might be helpful for early diagnosis and optimal treatment.
Waif Gopher Tortoise Survival and Site Fidelity Following Translocation
Authors: McKee Rebecca K. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Moore Clinton T. , Hepinstall‐Cymerman Jeffrey , Tuberville Tracey D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTGopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) are among the most commonly translocated reptiles. Waif tortoises are animals frequently of unknown origin that have been displaced from the wild and often held in human possession for various reasons and durations. Although there are risks associated with any translocation, waif tortoises are generally excluded from translocation projects because of heightened concerns of introducing pathogens and uncertainty about the post‐release survival of these individuals. If these risks could be managed, waif tortoises could have conservation value because they can provide the needed numbers to stabilize populations. In the early 1990s, the discovery of an isolated population of gopher tortoises (≤15 individuals) near Aiken, South Carolina, USA, prioritized establishment of the Aiken Gopher Tortoise Heritage Preserve (AGTHP). Because of the population's need for augmentation and the site's isolation from other tortoise populations, the AGTHP provided the opportunity to evaluate the post‐release survival of translocated waif tortoises without compromising a viable population. Since 2006, >260 waif tortoises have been introduced to the preserve. Using a Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber modeling framework to analyze release records and capture histories from trapping efforts in 2017 and 2018, we estimated the long‐term apparent survival and site fidelity of this population composed largely of waif tortoises. We estimated annual apparent survival probabilities to be high (≥0.90) for subadult, adult male, and adult female tortoises, and these rates were similar to those reported for wild‐to‐wild translocated gopher tortoises and those from unmanipulated populations. Of the tortoises recaptured within the boundaries of the preserve, 75% were located within 400 m of their release location. These results suggest that waif tortoises could be an important resource in reducing the extirpation risk of isolated populations. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Homogeneous Composite Nonwoven Support for High Temperature‐Resistant Separation Membranes
Authors: Xu Xianlin , Liu Qiannan , Zheng Wei , Zhao Zhongming , Shi Lei , Wang Xiaoyin , Zhuang Xupin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHigh temperature‐resistant separation membranes are widely considered in various fields. However, incompetent support layer limits the performance of high temperature‐resistant membranes severely. In this work, a homogeneous composite nonwoven support (HCNS) is developed by wet‐laid and hot‐pressing technology using undrawn polyethylene terephthalate fibers as bonding fibers. The significance of hot‐pressing parameters on the performances of the HCNS is investigated, and quadratic regression models are established. The HCNS exhibits a smooth surface (roughness of 118 nm) and a porous structure (porosity of 21.06% and pore size of 6.548 µm) with a mechanical property (tensile index of 45.80 N m g−1). The ultrafiltration membranes supported by the HCNS are prepared from poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone), which demonstrates high permeance, high rejection rate, and long‐term stability at raised operation temperature, thereby suggesting the potential application of HCNS in high‐temperature filtration.
Surgical management of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: A consensus opinion from the Children's Oncology Group, European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe
Authors: Rogers Timothy N. , Seitz Guido , Fuchs Jörg , Martelli Helene , Dasgupta Roshni , Routh Jonathan C. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Koscielniak Ewa , Bisogno Gianni , Rodeberg David A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe treatment of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (PT‐RMS) has varied over time and by cooperative group. The International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium (INSTRuCT) is a collaboration of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee, European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS). The INSTRuCT surgical committee has been given charge of the development of internationally applicable consensus guidelines for the surgical treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma. This clinical consensus opinion document addresses accepted principles and areas of controversy, such as scrotal violation and retroperitoneal nodal evaluation, providing an evidence‐based guideline for the surgical treatment for PT‐RMS.
Isolation and Identification of Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Constituents from Artemisia moorcroftiana
Authors: Bhat Khursheed A. , Naseer Syed , Gani Ifshana , Jameel Salman , Amin Henna , Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Gupta Ajai P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLC‐MS guided technique was applied for the detection and target separation of constituents of Artemisia moorcroftiana. Artemisinin together with fourteen other natural products viz; deoxyartemisinin, gorgonolide, 1‐β,10‐α‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐deoxygorgonolide, yangambin, epi‐yangambin, casticin, ergostanediene‐3‐ol, undecanol, artabsinolide diepoxide, campsterol, stigmasterol, artabsinolide A, artabsinolide C and 8,11‐diethylpentadec‐14‐en‐2‐one were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia moorcroftiana Wall. The isolated molecules were subjected to MTT cytotoxicity screening against a panel of four different human cancer cell lines to check their cytotoxic potential. Casticin was found as the most potent cytotoxic isolate. In addition the phytochemical investigation has resulted into the isolation of known antimalarial constituents like artemisinin, casticin, gorgonolide and deoxygorgonolide which has confirmed the folklure claims associated with Artemisia moorcroftiana wherein it is reported to be used as an effective remedy for the treatment of malaria.
Study on the Isotope fractionation of Zinc in Complexation with Macrocyclic Polyethers
Authors: Fujii Toshiyuki , Kato Chizu , Mahan Brandon , Moynier Frédéric 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIsotope fractionation of Zn was studied via liquid‐liquid extraction with aqueous phase of ZnCl2/HCl and organic phase of crown ethers(CEs), including benzo15‐crown‐5(B15C5), benzo‐18‐crown‐6(B18C6) and Dicyclohexano‐24‐crown‐8(DC24C8)/1,2‐ dichloroethane. The isotope enrichment factor (ϵ66), expressed in permil notation, of the isotope pair 66Zn−64Zn was found to be between −0.24 and −0.52 ‰ in the order of enrichment: B15C5≥B18C6>DC24C8. The magnitude of ϵ66was well explained by theoretical isotope fractionation factors obtained by density functional theory method for zinc chloride and ZnCl2/CE model molecules, and a thermochemical description that correlates ϵ66 with the differences in Gibbs free energy(ΔG) of the exchange reaction, here termed δΔG, based on the mass differences of Zn isotopes involved. Finally, results suggest that ϵ66 may be used as a diagnostic and metric of Zn metabolic derangement, such as in porphyrias.
Symmetric reduction of high-multiplicity one-loop integrals and maximal cuts
Authors: Jehu Guy R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We derive useful reduction formulae which express one-loop Feynman integrals with a large number of external momenta in terms of lower-point integrals carrying easily derivable kinematic coefficients which are symmetric in the external momenta. These formulae apply for integrals with at least two more external legs than the dimension of the external momenta, and are presented in terms of two possible bases: one composed of a subset of descendant integrals with one fewer external legs, the other composed of the complete set of minimally-descendant integrals with just one more leg than the dimension of external momenta. In 3+1 dimensions, particularly compact representations of kinematic invariants can be computed, which easily lend themselves to spinor-helicity or trace representations. The reduction formulae have a close relationship with D-dimensional unitarity cuts, and thus provide a path towards computing full (all-ϵ) expressions for scattering amplitudes at arbitrary multiplicity.
Hayden-Preskill decoding from noisy Hawking radiation
Authors: Bao Ning , Kikuchi Yuta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the Hayden-Preskill thought experiment, the Hawking radiation emitted before a quantum state is thrown into the black hole is used along with the radiation collected later for the purpose of decoding the quantum state. A natural question is how the recoverability is affected if the stored early radiation is damaged or subject to decoherence, and/or the decoding protocol is imperfectly performed. We study the recoverability in the thought experiment in the presence of decoherence or noise in the storage of early radiation.
Antiviral activities and applications of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs)
Authors: Fu Yuxin , Jaarsma Ate H. , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics and the risks of antiviral drug resistance are a serious threat to global public health. New options to supplement or replace currently used drugs for antiviral therapy are urgently needed. The research in the field of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) has been booming in the last few decades, in particular in view of their strong antimicrobial activities and high stability. The RiPPs with antiviral activity, especially those against enveloped viruses, are now also gaining more interest. RiPPs have a number of advantages over small molecule drugs in terms of specificity and affinity for targets, and over protein-based drugs in terms of cellular penetrability, stability and size. Moreover, the great engineering potential of RiPPs provides an efficient way to optimize them as potent antiviral drugs candidates. These intrinsic advantages underscore the good therapeutic prospects of RiPPs in viral treatment. With the aim to highlight the underrated antiviral potential of RiPPs and explore their development as antiviral drugs, we review the current literature describing the antiviral activities and mechanisms of action of RiPPs, discussing the ongoing efforts to improve their antiviral potential and demonstrate their suitability as antiviral therapeutics. We propose that antiviral RiPPs may overcome the limits of peptide-based antiviral therapy, providing an innovative option for the treatment of viral disease.