bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histo‐Blood Group Antigens, Enteropathogen Carriage and Environmental Enteropathy in Stunted Zambian Children
Authors: Chandwe Kanta , Zyambo Kanekwa , Mulenga Chola , Haritunians Talin , Amadi Beatrice , Kosek Margaret , Heimburger Douglas C. , McGovern Dermot , Kelly Paul 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Stunting, the most common form of childhood undernutrition, is associated with environmental enteropathy (EE). Enteric infections are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of EE and stunting though the exact mechanism remains undetermined. The FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) genes have been shown to be associated with some symptomatic enteric infections in both children and adults. These genes are responsible for the presence of histo‐blood group antigens (HBGAs) in various secretions and epithelial surfaces.We evaluated whether the secretor and Lewis status influences asymptomatic enteric infections and thus EE severity on duodenal biopsies of stunted children.Methods:In this case‐control study, we used saliva samples to determine the secretor and Lewis status of stunted children (cases, n = 113) enrolled in a nutritional rehabilitation program and from their well‐nourished counterparts (controls, n = 42). Where available, saliva was also collected from the mothers. Baseline stool samples were used to detect asymptomatic enteropathogen carriage. Duodenal biopsies were collected from a subgroup of stunted children (n = 77) who had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy done as part of the evaluation process for their non‐response to nutritional therapy.Results:The proportion of secretors was similar between the cases and the controls (82% vs 81%, P = 0.81). The stunted children had significantly higher rates of carrying multiple enteropathogens, but this was not associated with their secretor status nor that of their mothers. The secretor status was also not associated with mucosal morphometry of duodenal biopsies.Conclusion:This case‐control analysis in Zambian children does not support the hypothesis that fucosylation status determines asymptomatic enteropathogen carriage in stunting.
Depression and Anxiety in Adult Persons With Epilepsy and Their Caregivers
Authors: Tsamakis Konstantinos , Teagarden Diane L. , Villarreal Hannah K. , Morton Matthew L. , Janocko Nicholas J. , Groover Olivia , Loring David W. , Drane Daniel L. , Karakis Ioannis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study evaluated the rates of depression and anxiety and their determinants in adult persons with epilepsy and their caregivers. Both completed surveys about demographic, disease-related, and psychosocial characteristics. One hundred patients and caregivers participated. A mood disorder was present in 89% of patients and 56% of caregivers. In the univariate analysis, the presence of mood disorder in the patient was associated with being unmarried, unemployed, frequent hospitalizations, side effects from polypharmacy, patient stigma, patient quality of life, caregiver anxiety, and caregiver burden. In the multivariate analysis, medication side effects sustained as an important determinant. In the univariate analysis, the presence of mood disorder in the caregiver was associated with seizure frequency, patient anxiety, patient quality of life, caregiver stigma, and caregiver burden. In the multivariate analysis, patient anxiety level and caregiver burden sustained as important determinants. Adult persons with epilepsy and their caregivers experience high rates of mood disorders, explained by certain clinical factors.
Sensorless metal object detection for wireless power transfer using machine learning
Authors: Gong Yunyi , Otomo Yoshitsugu , Igarashi Hajime 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This study aims to realize a sensorless metal object detection (MOD) using machine learning, to prevent the wireless power transfer (WPT) system from the risks of electric discharge and fire accidents caused by foreign metal objects.

Design/methodology/approach
The data constructed by analyzing the input impedance using the finite element method are used in machine learning. From the loci of the input impedance of systems, the trained neural network (NN), support vector machine and naive Bayes classifier judge if a metal object exists. Then the proposed method is tested by experiments too.

Findings
In the test using simulated data, all of the three machine learning methods show high accuracy of over 80% for detecting an aluminum cylinder. And in the experimental verifications, the existence of an aluminum cylinder and empty can are successfully identified by a NN.

Originality/value
This work provides a new sensorless MOD method for WPT using three machine learning methods. And it shows that NNs obtain high accuracy than the others in both simulated and experimental verifications.
Analytical calculation of leakage permeance of coreless axial flux permanent magnet generator
Authors: Zhu Jun , Li Shuaihui , Guo Xiangwei , Nan Huaichun , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to study the relationship between leakage flux coefficient and the coreless axial magnetic field permanent magnet synchronous generator (AFPMSG) size and obtain the expressions of leakage flux coefficient.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a magnetic circuit model of coreless AFPMSG is proposed. Four kinds of leakage permeances of permanent magnet (PM) are considered, and the expression of no-load leakage flux coefficient is obtained. Solving the integral region of leakage permeances by generator size, which improves the accuracy of the solution.

Findings
Finite element method and magnetic circuit method are used to obtain the no-load leakage flux coefficient and its variation trend charts with the change of pole arc coefficient, air gap length and PM thickness. The average errors of the two methods are 2.835%, 0.84% and 1.347%, respectively. At the same time, the results of single-phase electromotive force obtained by magnetic circuit method, three dimensional finite element method and prototype experiments are 19.36 V, 18.82 V and 19.09 V, respectively. The results show that the magnetic circuit method is correct in calculating the no-load leakage flux coefficient.

Originality/value
The special structure of the coreless AFPMSG is considered in the presented equivalent magnetic circuit and equations, and the equations in this paper can be applied for leakage flux evaluating purposes and initial parameter selection of the coreless AFPMSG.
The framework of data-driven and multi-criteria decision-making for detecting unbalanced bidding
Authors: Li Huimin , Su Limin , Zuo Jian , An Xiaowei , Dong Guanghua , Wang Lunyan , Zhang Chengyi 
Published: November 2021

PurposeUnbalanced bidding can seriously imposed the government from obtaining the best value for the taxpayers' money in public procurement since it increases the owner's cost and decreases the fairness of the competitive bidding process. How to detect an unbalanced bid is a challenging task faced by theoretical researchers and practical actors. This study aims to develop an identification method of unbalanced bidding in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThe identification of unbalanced bidding is considered as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. A data-driven unit price database from the historical bidding document is built to present the reference unit prices as benchmarks. According to the proposed extended TOPSIS method, the data-driven unit price is chosen as the positive ideal solution, and the unit price that has the furthest absolute distance measure as the negative ideal solution. The concept of relative distance is introduced to measure the distances between positive and negative ideal solutions and each bidding unit price. The unbalanced bidding degree is ranked by means of relative distance.FindingsThe proposed model can be used for the quantitative evaluation of unbalanced bidding from a decision-making perspective. The identification process is developed according to the decision-making process. The finding shows that the model will support owners to efficiently and effectively identify unbalanced bidding in the bid evaluation stage.Originality/valueThe data-driven reference unit prices improve the accuracy of the benchmark to evaluate the unbalanced bidding. The extended TOPSIS model is applied to identify unbalanced bidding; the owners can undertake objective decision-making to identify and prevent unbalanced bidding at the stage of procurement.
Social commerce isn’t the cherry on the cake, its the new cake! How consumers’ attitudes and eWOM influence online purchase intention in China
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Akram Umair , Rasool Hassan , Yang Xiaoyan , Tanveer Yasir 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
In the recent decade, social media popularity and growth have boosted the development of social commerce (SC). This study aims to explore the significant impact of guanxi (关系) elements (ganqing 感情, renqing 人情 and xinren 信任) on online purchase intentions. Furthermore, this study investigated the moderating role of social support between electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and online purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was conducted on 309 consumers who had online purchasing experience through WeChat, a famous social media application in China. Structural equational modeling was used to test all hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicate that guanxi elements are positively related to eWOM, affective attitude and online purchase intentions in SC. Additionally, social support has a significant moderating role between eWOM intention and online purchase intention.

Practical implications
Considering the effects of guanxi elements on eWOM affective attitude and online purchase intention in Chinese SC, online retailers are advised to carefully develop their marketing strategies to retain and attract new consumers. Furthermore, online retailers can use the findings from this study to understand the consequences when online purchase intention is strongly influenced by guanxi elements.

Originality/value
This research extends the current literature by applying the notion of guanxi components to the sense of SC and relating the notion of guanxi components and consumer decisions. The results show an understanding of the reality by which guanxi elements may affect the intention of eWOM sharing and boost online purchase intention.
Determinants of consumer intention to purchase food with safety certifications in emerging markets: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Hai Minh , Liu Ran , Moritaka Masahiro , Fukuda Susumu 
Published: November 2021

PurposeResearch on the determinants of consumer behavior toward food with safety certifications in Vietnam remains little. The primary objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting Vietnamese consumer intention to purchase safely certified vegetables (safe vegetables) based on an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 361 urban consumers in Hanoi city based on a stratified sampling technique, we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the model.FindingsThe results revealed that the extended TPB succeeded to predict 62% of the variance of intention to purchase safe vegetables. Attitude played the most important role in consumer intention. Notably, the attitude of consumers was the most largely influenced by subjective norms (social effects). Also, subjective norms had a direct effect on intention. Furthermore, consumer trust motivated a favorable attitude to increase purchase intention. The effects of past behavior on intention were verified as direct and indirect through subjective norm and trust combined with attitude. Few socio-demographic variables (e.g. age and education) were found to affect intention indirectly through attitude and subjective norm.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research on the relationship between intention and the actual purchase of safe food is needed.Originality/valueThis extends the application of the TPB to predict consumer intention to purchase safely certified food in a developing country like Vietnam by examining both direct and indirect effects of socio-demographic variables, trust and past behavior on intention.
Downregulation of NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase via RNA interference increases the susceptibility of Acyrthosiphon pisum to desiccation and insecticides
Authors: Qiao Jian‐Wen , Fan Yong‐Liang , Wu Bing‐Jin , Bai Tian‐Tian , Wang Ying‐Hao , Zhang Zhan‐Feng , Wang Dun , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances, and detoxification of insecticides. RNA interference (RNAi) of CPR in certain insects causes developmental defects and enhanced susceptibility to insecticides. However, the CPR of Acyrthosiphon pisum has not been characterized, and its function is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the biochemical functions of A. pisum CPR (ApCPR). ApCPR was found to be transcribed in all developmental stages and was abundant in the embryo stage, and in the gut, head, and abdominal cuticle. After optimizing the dose and silencing duration of RNAi for downregulating ApCPR, we found that ApCPR suppression resulted in a significant decrease in the production of cuticular and internal hydrocarbon contents, and of cuticular waxy coatings. Deficiency in cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) decreased the survival rate of A. pisum under desiccation stress and increased its susceptibility to contact insecticides. Moreover, desiccation stress induced a significant increase in ApCPR mRNA levels. We further confirmed that ApCPR participates in CHC production. These results indicate that ApCPR modulates CHC production, desiccation tolerance, and insecticide susceptibility in A. pisum, and presents a novel target for pest control.
Clearing the air on surgical plume
Authors: Watters David A. , Foran Paula , McKinley Sharryn , Campbell Graeme 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSurgical smoke or plume is produced by a variety of surgical coagulators and dissectors. A number of jurisdictions have recently introduced policies to reduce the associated occupational health risks including WorkSafe Victoria and New South Wales Health.MethodThis paper is a narrative review of potential risks, including any associated with COVID‐19, and options for mitigation.ResultsSurgical smoke or plume contains potentially toxic chemicals, some of which are carcinogens. Plume may also contain live virus, notably Human Papilloma and Hepatitis B, though any possible viral transmission is limited to a few case reports. Despite identifying COVID‐19 ribonucleic acid fragments in various body tissues and fluids there are no current reports of COVID‐19 transmission. Although plume is rapidly removed from the atmosphere in modern operating rooms, it is still inhaled by the operative team. Mitigation should include ensuring diathermy devices have evacuators while plume extraction should be standard for laparoscopic procedures. Consideration needs to be given to the potential to compromise the operating field of view, or the noise of the extractor impairing communication. There is an increasing range of suitable products on the market. The future includes pendant systems built into the operating room.ConclusionThe potential risks associated with surgical plume cannot be ignored. Health services should invest in plume extraction devices with a view to protecting their staff. The conduct of the operation should not be compromised by the devices chosen. Future operating theatres need to be designed to minimize exposure to plume.
Coronary imaging of cardiac allograft vasculopathy predicts current and future deterioration of left ventricular function in patients with orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Reddy S Ashwin , Khialani Bharat V , Lambert Ben , Floré Vintcent , Brown Adam J , Pettit Steve J , West Nick EJ , Lewis Clive , Parameshwar Jayan , Bhagra Sai , Kydd Anna , Hoole Stephen P 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) improve sensitivity of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) detection compared to invasive coronary angiography (ICA), but their ability to predict clinical events is unknown. We determined whether severe CAV detected with ICA, IVUS, or OCT correlates with graft function.MethodsComparison of specific vessel parameters between IVUS and OCT on 20 patients attending for angiography 12–24 months post‐orthotopic heart transplant. Serial left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was recorded prospectively.ResultsAnalyzing 55 coronary arteries, OCT and IVUS correlated well for vessel CAV characteristics. A mean intimal thickness (MIT)OCT > .25 mm had a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 74.3% at detecting Stanford grade 4 CAV. Those with angiographically evident CAV had significant reduction in graft EF over 7.3 years follow‐up (median ΔEF ‐2% vs +1.5%, P = .03). Patients with MITOCT > .25 mm in at least one vessel had a lower median EF at time of surveillance (57% vs 62%, P = .014). Two MACEs were noted.ConclusionImaging with OCT correlates well with IVUS for CAV detection. Combined angiography and OCT to screen for CAV within 12–24 months of transplant predicts concurrent and future deterioration in graft function.
Long‐term changes in paddy soil fertility in tropical Asia after 50 years of the Green Revolution
Authors: Yanai Junta , Tanaka Sota , Nakao Atsushi , Abe Susumu S. , Hirose Mina , Sakamoto Keita , Masai Fukiko , Saito Haruyoshi , Kajiwara Nao , Dejbhimon Ketsuda , Sriprachote Anongnat , Kanyawongha Porntiva , Lattirasuvan Thanakorn , Timbas Nicola , Medina Simplicio , Paing Tan Ngai , Yusoff Khairul Hafiz Mohd , Wakatsuki Toshiyuki , Kyuma Kazutake 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver 50 years of the Green Revolution since the 1960s, the global population has increased by 2.5 times, cereal production by 3.3 times and the use of N, P and K fertilisers by 9.4, 4.2 and 4.3 times, respectively. Information is still limited, however, on the influence of these impacts on the fertility status of agricultural soils. Here we investigated the influence of the Green Revolution on 142 paddy soils in three tropical Asian countries, that is, Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia, during the given period by repeated soil sampling in the 1960s and 2010s at or near the same locations. We revealed that the phytoavailablility indices of three macronutrients – N, P and K, that is, available P, exchangeable K and total N, showed 743% (p < 0.01), 12% and 1% increase on average, respectively, while total C showed 9% decline. Comprehensive investigation of overall fertility status by factor analysis using 11 soil parameters suggested that only the factor scores associated with ‘available P status’ increased drastically in all the three countries (p < 0.01) whereas those associated with ‘organic matter and N contents’ and ‘inherent potentiality’ did not exhibit any consistent changes among the countries. In conclusion, intensive soil/fertiliser management systems under the Green Revolution have successfully improved the nutrient status, especially P status, of paddy soils with slight decrease of soil organic matter over the last 50 years, while a large amount of nutrients applied, especially N and K, has been released from soil to the outer environments. Conversion to a high‐efficiency system of external nutrient inputs with organic matter‐conserving strategies is, therefore, urgently required to secure sustainable food production while restoring the environment during the coming decades.Highlights
Paddy soils from 142 locations in three tropical Asian countries were repeatedly surveyed in the 1960s and 2010s.
Available P increased by 8.4 times, that of exchangeable K and total N showed 12% and 1% increase, while organic matter level showed 9% decline.
Factor analysis indicated significant increase of the factor scores for those associated with ‘available P status’.
A high‐efficiency system with organic matter‐conserving strategies is to be established for both sustainable food production and restoration of the environment.
Effects of exergaming on hippocampal volume and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Schaeffer Eva , Roeben Benjamin , Granert Oliver , Hanert Annika , Liepelt‐Scarfone Inga , Leks Edyta , Otterbein Sascha , Saraykin Pavel , Busch Jan‐Hinrich , Synofzik Matthis , Stransky Elke , Bartsch Thorsten , Berg Daniela 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveCognitive impairment is among the most burdensome non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been associated with hippocampal atrophy. Exercise has been reported to enhance neuroplasticity in the hippocampus in correlation with an improvement of cognitive function. We present data from the Training‐PD study, which was designed to evaluate effects of an “” training protocol on neuronal plasticity in PD.MethodsWe initiated a 6‐week exergaming training program, combining visually stimulating computer games with physical exercise in 17 PD patients and 18 matched healthy controls. Volumetric segmentation of hippocampal subfields on T1‐ and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum levels were analyzed before and after the training protocol.ResultsThe PD group showed a group‐dependent significant volume increase of the left hippocampal subfields CA1, CA4/dentate gyrus (DG) and subiculum after the 6‐week training protocol. The effect was most pronounced in the left DG of PD patients, who showed a significantly smaller percentage volume compared to healthy controls at baseline, but not at follow‐up. Both groups had a significant increase in serum BDNF levels after training.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that exergaming might be a suitable approach to induce hippocampal volume changes in PD patients. Further and larger studies are needed to verify our findings.
Hepatitis C virus in people with serious mental illness: an analysis of the care cascade at a tertiary health service with a pilot ‘identify and treat’ strategy
Authors: Braude Michael , Phan Timothy , Con Danny , Woolley Ian , Sundram Suresh , Clarke David , Dev Anouk , Sievert William 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with serious mental illness (SMI) are underserved from a hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and treatment perspective.AimsTo examine the HCV care cascade in people with SMI and to pilot a supported HCV treatment integration programme.MethodsHCV prevalence was retrospectively analysed from 4492 consecutive individuals admitted to a tertiary hospital mental health service between January 2017 and December 2018. Subcohort analysis of screening patterns and predictors of seropositive infection was performed. Referral pathways and community care integration were analysed for HCV‐positive individuals, and a prospective community‐based ‘identify and treat’ HCV programme was assessed.ResultsScreening for HCV had been performed in 18.6% (835/4492) of the cohort. Seroprevalence was 4.6% (207/4492). HCV seropositivity was associated with age >40 years (odds ratio (OR) = 9.30; confidence interval (CI) 3.69–23.45; P < 0.01), injecting drug use (OR = 24.26; CI 8.99–65.43; P < 0.01) and previous incarceration (OR = 12.26; CI 4.51–33.31; P < 0.01). In a cohort of treatment‐eligible individuals, 43.3% (90/208) had neither been referred to specialist services or general practitioners for HCV management. Amongst those referred to specialist services, 64.7% (57/88) did not attend scheduled follow up, and 48.3% (15/31) of attendees were lost to follow up. Through an intensified community access programme, 10 people were successfully treated for HCV, although 22 could not be engaged.ConclusionPeople with SMI are underserved by traditional models of HCV healthcare. Intensified community‐based support can partially bolster the treatment cascade, although investment in innovative screening and management strategies are required to achieve healthcare parity.