bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities for separation of scalar and vector characteristics of acoustic scatterer in tomographic polychromatic regime
Authors: Rumyantseva Olga D. , Shurup Andrey S. , Zotov Dmitriy I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The inverse wave problem of tomographic type is considered. It consists in reconstruction of several scatterer’s characteristics in the form of spatial distributions for sound speed, medium density, absorption coefficient and power index of its frequency dependence, as well as vector of flow velocity. In the form of a survey material (based on several publications), a sequence of steps is discussed that leads to reconstruction of each individual spatial distribution in the presence of different combinations of the mentioned characteristics. The minimum number of frequencies required for reconstruction is discussed when the complete set of scattering data is available at each of the frequencies. For the first time, two possible approaches to reconstruct the scatterer characteristics in the presence of inhomogeneous spatial distributions of the density and the flow velocity vector are compared, and attention is drawn to the perspectives of reconstruction by functional algorithms in this case. The possibility of separating the sought spatial distributions during the inverse problem solution is illustrated by numerical modeling.
Application of the TML method to big data analytics and reference interval harmonization
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Adeli Khosrow 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Significant variation in reported reference intervals across healthcare centers and networks for many well-standardized laboratory tests continues to exist, negatively impacting patient outcomes by increasing the risk of inappropriate and inconsistent test result interpretation. Reference interval harmonization has been limited by challenges associated with direct reference interval establishment as well as hesitancies to apply currently available indirect methodologies. The Truncated Maximum Likelihood (TML) method for indirect reference interval establishment developed by the German Society of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) presents unique clinical and statistical advantages compared to traditional indirect methods (Hoffmann and Bhattacharya), increasing the feasibility of developing indirect reference intervals that are comparable to those determined using a direct a priori approach based on healthy reference populations. Here, we review the application of indirect methods, particularly the TML method, to reference interval harmonization and discuss their associated advantages and disadvantages. We also describe the CSCC Reference Interval Harmonization Working Group’s experience with the application of the TML method in harmonization of adult reference intervals in Canada.
Non-canonical word order and temporal reference in Vietnamese
Authors: Tran Thuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper revisits Duffield’s (2007) (Duffield, Nigel. 2007. Aspects of Vietnamese clausal structure: Separating tense from assertion.Linguistics45(4). 765–814) analysis of the correlation between the position of a ‘when’-phrase and the temporal reference of a bare sentence in Vietnamese. Bare sentences in Vietnamese, based on (Smith, Carlota S. & Mary S. Erbaugh. 2005. Temporal interpretation in Mandarin Chinese.Linguistics43(4). 713–756), are argued to obtain their temporal interpretation from their aspectual composition, and the default temporal reference: bounded events are located in the past, unbounded events at present. It is shown that the correlation so observed in when-questions is superficial, and is tied to the syntax and semantics of temporal modification and the requirement that temporal adverbials denoting future time is base generated in sentence-initial position, and past time adverbials in sentence-final position. A ‘when’-phrase, being temporally underspecified, obtains its temporal value from its base position. However, the correlation between word order and temporal reference in argument wh-questions and declaratives is factual, depending on whether the predicate-argument configuration allows for a telic interpretation or not. To be specific, it is dependent on whether the application of Generic Modification (Snyder, William. 2012. Parameter theory and motion predicates. In Violeta Demonte & Louise McNally (eds.),Telicity, change, and state. Acrosscategorial view of event structure, 279–299. Oxford: Oxford University Press) or accomplishment composition is realized. Canonical declaratives, and argument wh-questions, with telicity inducing material, license GM or accomplishment composition, yielding bounded events, hence past; by contrast, their non-canonical counterparts block GM or accomplishment composition, giving rise to unbounded event descriptions, hence non-past.
Constructions are not predictable but are motivated: evidence from the Spanish completive reflexive
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany researchers seem to think that Construction Grammar posits the existence of only wholly idiosyncratic constructions. However, this misconception betrays a deep misunderstanding of the approach because it glosses over the fact that constructions rarely if ever emergesui generis. Rather, Construction Grammar aims to balance the fact that some linguistic uses cannot be fully predicted from other well-established uses with the fact that extensions of a construction, while not predictable, are motivated by other senses in the constructional network. This paper illustrates this idea by providing an analysis of the Spanish completive reflexive markerse.
Hypertension, BMI, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Qiao Wenjing , Zhang Xinyi , Kan Bo , Vuong Ann M. , Xue Shanshan , Zhang Yuzheng , Li Binbin , Zhao Qianqian , Guo Dingjie , Shen Xue , Yang Shuman 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is associated with body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Whether hypertension modifies the relationship between BMI and CCDs is still unclear. We examined the association between BMI and CCDs and tested whether effect measure modification was present by hypertension. We identified a population-based sample of 3,942 participants in Shuncheng, Fushun, Liaoning, China. Hypertension was defined as any past use of antihypertensive medication or having a measured systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg. BMI was calculated from measured body weight and body height. Data on diagnosed CCDs were self-reported and validated in the medical records. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between BMI and CCDs. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of having CCDs (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31). This association was significantly modified by hypertension (P for interaction <0.001), with positive associations observed among hypertensive individuals (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.42). Age, sex, and diabetic status did not modify the relationship between BMI and CCDs (all P for interaction >0.10). Although higher BMI was associated with increased odds of CCDs, the relationship was mainly limited to hypertensive patients.
Coexistence of bilateral macular edema and pale optic disc in the patient with Cohen syndrome
Authors: Rakusiewicz Klaudia , Kanigowska Krystyna , Hautz Wojciech , Wicher Dorota , Młynek Marlena , Wyszyńska Marta , Rogowska Anna , Jędrzejczak-Młodziejewska Joanna , Danowska Małgorzata , Czeszyk Agnieszka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Cohen syndrome (Q87.8;ORPHA:193; OMIM#216550) is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by mutation in the VPS13B/COH1 gene. It is characterized by variable clinical symptoms such as deformity of the head, face, hands and feet, eye abnormalities, abdominal obesity, neutropenia and nonprogressive intellectual disability. The typical lesions in the eyeball in Cohen syndrome include high myopia, retinal dystrophy, strabismus, maculopathy and lens subluxation. The present study describes the coexistence of bilateral macular edema with pale optic disc in a patient with a homozygous deletion in the VPS13B/COH1 gene.

Material and methods
A 6-year-old Caucasian girl with facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, prominent upper incisors, narrow hands with slender fingers, congenital heart defect and ophthalmic symptoms was subjected to genetic testing. The genetic evaluation revealed a homozygous deletion on the long arm of chromosome 8 encompassing 20–25 exons of the VPS13 gene, as confirmed by Cohen syndrome. She underwent a full ophthalmological examination with the assessment of slit lamp examination of anterior segment and fundoscopy, refraction error, biometry, central corneal thickness and additionally electroretinography, optical coherence tomography and fundus photography.

Results
In the ophthalmologic examination, the girl had bilateral astigmatism accompanied by myopia and a marked reduction in central corneal thickness. Fundus examination showed pale optic nerve discs and “salt and pepper” retinopathy. Bilateral cystic macular edema was revealed in handheld optical coherence tomography. Electroretinography showed a reduced response amplitude of cones and rods.

Conclusion
In a patient with high myopia, macular edema, pale optic disc and facial dysmorphism, Cohen syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The severity of individual clinical features in patients with Cohen syndrome varies. It can be assumed that the type of mutation affects the occurrence and severity of individual symptoms.
Crystal structure of {tris((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)methyl)amine-κ
4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′}-(succinato-κ
2
O,O′)nickel(II) – methanol (1/4), C32H41N7NiO8
Authors: Qiao Tian-Xu , Chen Yu-Xiao , An Jing-Yi , Nie Feng-Mei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C32H41N7NiO8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.0076(5) Å, b = 18.6561(10) Å, c = 19.0893(18) Å, β = 108.532(6)°, V = 3378.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0607, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1340, T = 111.9(1) K.
Crystal structure of 1,1′-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(pyridin-1-ium) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-k2
S:S)zinc(II), C26H18N6ZnS4
Authors: Yan Wei-Hong , Liu Xue-Guo , Shen Ming-Le , Pan Hui-Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C26H18N6ZnS4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.4677(13) Å, b = 12.0147(17) Å, c = 13.571(3) Å, α = 102.907(3)°, β = 102.302(3)°, γ = 110.419(2)°, V = 1336.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0441, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1202, T = 296(2) K.
Rivalry Type and Cyber Operations: “Hot” Rivalries, “Cold” Rivalries, and Cyber Incidents, 1990–2009
Authors: Mauslein Jacob A. , Pickering Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cyber operations targeting government computers and network infrastructure are becoming increasingly common and have the potential to be extremely damaging. Interstate rivalry has been shown to shape a wide range of global patterns. This paper examines the intersection between these two important phenomena. It builds upon previous scholarship by developing a broader and more nuanced theory of the rivalry-cyber operation relationship and testing it empirically with newly developed data on cyber operations from 1990 to 2009. Our results go beyond existing studies to demonstrate that certain types of “cold” rivalries experience elevated numbers of cyber operations, while other “hot” rivalries experience fewer incidents. This finding sheds new light on our general understanding of the volume and location of cyber operations in the international system. It also underscores important distinctions among rivalries that help to explain significant cyber activities and may help to improve our grasp of other emerging threats.
Rejecting consumer complaints in customer encounters on Twitter - the case of English and Polish brand communication
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Anna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe following study focuses on strategies of denial and evasion of company responsibility used in responding to complaints, negative and critical comments posted by consumers on English and Polish brand profiles on Twitter. The analysis shows that despite the face-threat these acts may pose to the consumer and, consequently, to the company’s image, the companies do not refrain from using strategies denying the complainable and disagreeing with the customer. The study shows that companies resort to a range of sub-strategies of evasion and denial of blame, such as referral to external circumstances and regulations, thanks, blaming a third party, statements of unawareness of the complainable, simple denial of the complainable, expression of personal opinion or criticism of the consumer, among others. The study indicated differences between the English and Polish profiles as to the range and frequency of use of the strategies of rejecting consumers’ complaints. The Polish corpus offers a greater occurrence and a wider range of evasion and denial strategies used in reaction to consumers’ negative or critical opinions and complaints.
Existential threats to the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games? a review of emerging environmental health risks
Authors: Annear Michael , Kidokoro Tetsuhiro , Shimizu Yasuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This review highlights two intersecting environmental phenomena that have significantly impacted the Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games: infectious disease outbreaks and anthropogenic climate change. Following systematic searches of five databases and the gray literature, 15 studies were identified that addressed infectious disease and climate-related health risks associated with the Summer Games and similar sports mega-events. Over two decades, infectious disease surveillance at the Summer Games has identified low-level threats from vaccine-preventable illnesses and respiratory conditions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and expansion of vector-borne diseases represent emerging and existential challenges for cities that host mass gathering sports competitions due to the absence of effective vaccines. Ongoing threats from heat injury among athletes and spectators have also been identified at international sports events from Asia to North America due to a confluence of rising Summer temperatures, urban heat island effects and venue crowding. Projections for the Tokyo Games and beyond suggest that heat injury risks are reaching a dangerous tipping point, which will necessitate relocation or mitigation with long-format and endurance events. Without systematic change to its format or staging location, the Summer Games have the potential to drive deleterious health outcomes for athletes, spectators and host communities.
Enhancement of Schiff base biological efficacy by metal coordination and introduction of metallic compounds as anticovid candidates: a simple overview
Authors: Mir Jan Mohammad , Majid Sheikh Abdul , Shalla Aabid Hussain 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the prevailing apocalyptic times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the whole scientific community is busy in designing anticovid drug or vaccine. Under such a fascination, Schiff bases or azomethine compounds are continuously interrogated for antimicrobial properties. These compounds represent interesting molecular scaffolds of huge medicinal and industrial relevance. In order to update the current literature support of such facts this article introduces the synthetic chemistry, mechanism of formation of a Schiff base, followed by biological efficacy and finally a suitable discussion on the mechanism of respective bioactivity. In most of the studies revealing the biological evaluation of azomethine functionalized frameworks, fascinated results have been recorded in case of azomethine-metal complexes as compared with the free ligands. Also, the CH=N or C=N form of organic ligands have indicated marvellous results. Therefore, in connection with the biological relevance and microbicidal implications of such metallic compounds, this works reviews the current update of microorganism fighting efficacy of azomethine metal complexes along with the introduction of some metallodrugs as excellent candidates having COVID-19 defending potentiality.
Random transformations and invariance of semimartingales on Lie groups
Authors: Albeverio Sergio , De Vecchi Francesco C. , Morando Paola , Ugolini Stefania 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInvariance properties of semimartingales on Lie groups under a family of random transformations are defined and investigated, generalizing the random rotations of the Brownian motion. A necessary and sufficient explicit condition characterizing semimartingales with this kind of invariance is given in terms of their stochastic characteristics. Non-trivial examples of symmetric semimartingales are provided and applications of this concept to stochastic analysis are discussed.
Investigation of TAGAP gene polymorphism (rs1738074) in Turkish pediatric celiac patients
Authors: Pehlivan Melek , Ayna Tülay K. , Baran Maşallah , Soyöz Mustafa , Koçyiğit Aslı Ö. , Çerçi Burcu , Pirim İbrahim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There are several hypotheses on the effects of the rs1738074 T/C single nucleotide polymorphism in the TAGAP gene; however, there has been no study on Turkish pediatric patients. We aimed to investigate the association of celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) comorbidity with the polymorphism in the TAGAP gene of Turkish pediatric patients.

Methods
Totally, 127 pediatric CD patients and 100 healthy children were included. We determined the polymorphism by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction method. We used IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0 and Arlequin 3.5.2 for the statistical analyses. The authors have no conflict of interest.

Results
It was determined that 72% (n=154) of only CD patients had C allele, whereas 28% (n=60) had T allele. Of the patients with celiac and T1DM, 42.5% (n=17) and 57.5% (n=23) had T and C alleles, respectively. Of the individuals in control group, 67% (n=134) had C allele, whereas 33% (n=66) had T allele.

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). There was no significant association between the disease risk and the polymorphism in our study group.
The influence of aspect on the countability of Polish deverbal nominalizations: Evidence from an acceptability rating study
Authors: Gulgowski Piotr , Błaszczak Joanna , Puhacheuskaya Veranika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study investigating a possible influence of the viewpoint (perfective vs. imperfective) and lexical (telic vs. atelic) aspect of Polish verbs on the countability of eventive nominalizations (substantiva verbalia) derived from these verbs. Polishsubstantiva verbaliapreserve many properties of the base verbs, including the eventive meaning and aspectual morphology. Native speakers of Polish rated the acceptability of nominalizations in count and mass contexts. An effect of both viewpoint and lexical aspect was found in mass contexts, where aspectually delimited (perfective, accomplishment) nominalizations were less acceptable than non-delimited (imperfective, state) nominalizations. In count contexts, only an effect of the lexical aspect was clearly present, with accomplishment nominalizations being more acceptable than state nominalizations. The nominalizations were overall rated as more natural in mass than count constructions, regardless of the aspect. The results indicate that aspect plays a role in establishing the countability of a word, but it does not fully determine it.
Indeterminacies and mismatches in grammatical systems
Authors: Struckmeier Volker , Pankau Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis introduction proposes to investigate mismatches and indeterminacies in languages much more than has hitherto been done. Such seemingly unruly aspects of language(s), it is argued, are interesting since they may help shed light on the internal make-up of grammatical systems. The question of the internal make-up of grammar(s), it is argued, cannot be addressed by the normal modus operandi of linguistic research, which is to find matches (rather than mismatches) between the observable (sound and meaning) interface systems, and to find how the interface representations map unto each other deterministically: It is only in the “lo-fi” aspects of mappings that the internal mechanisms of the overall grammatical architecture may reveal themselves.The introduction also points out that our concern is independent of the various theoretical orientations linguists may choose for their work, since the problem presents itself in all approaches to language research currently available, it seems – if in slightly different ways.We propose, in sum, that mismatches and indeterminacies are an extremely worthwhile field for future linguistic research, and one that should be on the agenda (or minimally, within the field of view) for linguists of all theoretical convictions.
On “free” grammatical variation in a mixed lect: Clitic placement in Cypriot Greek
Authors: Grohmann Kleanthes K. , Kambanaros Maria , Leivada Evelina , Pavlou Natalia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVariation involving a switch between pre- and post-verbal placement of pronominal object clitics in a single syntactic environment within a language is unexpected. The rationale why this would not be expected is clear: Languages pattern as either proclitic or enclitic with respect to object clitic placement, possibly allowing one or the other option across different syntactic environments. We provide an overview of our research from data collected in Cyprus, related to the development and use of pronominal object clitics for child populations and adult speakers that are bilectal in Cypriot and Standard Modern Greek. While it has been shown that the tested bilectal populations receive exposure to more than one distinct grammar, including mixed grammars with optional choices for clitic placement, an important question remains unaddressed: Is variation really “free” across all speakers or are there universally reliable predictors (such as gender, age, or level of education) that mediate a consistent use of either the standard or the dialect? Combining insights from targeted elicitation tasks administered to different groups, a corpus of spontaneous speech, and an extensive literature review, we show the weakness of such purported predictors and support a claim of free variation.
Photophysical property change of N-(5-bromo-salicylidene)-3-aminoethylpyridine monohydrated crystals via dehydration phase transition
Authors: Sugiyama Haruki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The crystals of N-salicylideneaniline (SA) and SA derivatives are classic functional materials that exhibit reversible colour changes (photochromism) and/or excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescence emission under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. In this study, a novel SA derivative was synthesised with an extended alkyl chain, N-(5-bromo-salicylidene)-3-aminoethylpyridine (5Br-SAEP). The photophysical properties of 5Br-SAEP were characterised in the crystalline state. The monohydrated crystal (1H) of 5Br-SAEP was dehydrated to form the anhydrous crystal (1A) at a relative humidity of less than 76%. The photochromic activity was switched by the dehydration phase transition from the non-photochromic 1H to the photochromic 1A. The quantum yield of fluorescence decreased significantly from 8% in 1H to 3% in 1A. The in situ change of photophysical properties occurred due to the change in the crystal structure. This indicated the potential of the solvated crystals of the SAEP derivatives for applications in novel switching or smart materials.