bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INDICATOR SYSTEM IN MODELING OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Leoshchenko S. D. , Subbotin S. A. , Oliinyk A. O. , Narivs’kiy O. E. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The problem of determining the optimal topology of a neuromodel, which is characterized by a high level of logical transparency in modeling complex technical systems, is considered. The object of research is the process of applying an indicator system to simplify and select the topology of neuromodels.
Objective of the work is to develop and use a system of indicators to determine the level of complexity of the modeling problem and gradually select the optimal logically transparent topology of the neuromodel.
Method. A method is proposed for selecting an optimal, logically transparent neural network topology for modeling complex technical systems using a system of corresponding indicators. At the beginning, the method determines the overall level of complexity of the modeling task and, using the obtained estimate, determines the method for further optimization of the neuromodel. Then, using Task data and input data characteristics, the method allows to obtain the most optimal structure of the neural model for further modeling of the system. The method reduces trainingvtime and increases the level of logical transparency of neuromodels, which significantly expands the practical use of such models, without using neuroevolution methods, which may not be justified by resource-intensive tasks.
Results. The developed method is implemented and investigated in solving the problem of modeling the dynamics of pitting processes of steel alloys. Using the developed method made it possible to reduce the training time of the model by 22%, depending on the computing resources used. The method also increased the level of logical transparency of the model by reducing the number of computing nodes by 50%, which also indicates faster and more efficient use of resources.
Conclusions. The conducted experiments confirmed the operability of the proposed mathematical support and allow us to recommend it for use in practice in the design of topologies of neuromodels for further solving modeling, diagnosis and evaluation problems. Prospects for further research may consist in the development of methods for structural optimization of previously synthesized models and the development of new methods for feature selection.
DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING WITH SPARSE DISTRIBUTED MEMORY FOR “WATER WORLD” PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Novotarskyi M. A. , Stirenko S. G. , Gordienko Y. G. , Kuzmych V. A. 
Published: April 2021

Context. Machine learning is one of the actively developing areas of data processing. Reinforcement learning is a class of machine learning methods where the problem involves mapping the sequence of environmental states to agent’s actions. Significant progress in this area has been achieved using DQN-algorithms, which became one of the first classes of stable algorithms for learning using deep neural networks. The main disadvantage of this approach is the rapid growth of RAM in real-world tasks. The approach proposed in this paper can partially solve this problem.
Objective. The aim is to develop a method of forming the structure and nature of access to the sparse distributed memory with increased information content to improve reinforcement learning without additional memory.
Method. A method of forming the structure and modification of sparse distributed memory for storing previous transitions of the actor in the form of prototypes is proposed. The method allows increasing the informativeness of the stored data and, as a result, to improve the process of creating a model of the studied process by intensifying the learning of the deep neural network. Increasing the informativeness of the stored data is the result of this sequence of actions. First, we compare the new transition and the last saved transition. To perform this comparison, this method introduces a rate estimate for the distance between transitions. If the distance between the new transition and the last saved transition is smaller than the specified threshold, the new transition is written in place of the previous one without increasing the amount of memory. Otherwise, we create a new prototype in memory while deleting the prototype that has been stored in memory the longest.
Results. The work of the proposed method was studied during the solution of the popular “Water World” test problem. The results showed a 1.5-times increase in the actor’s survival time in a hostile environment. This result was achieved by increasing the informativeness of the stored data without increasing the amount of RAM.
Conclusions. The proposed method of forming and modifying the structure of sparse distributed memory allowed to increase the informativeness of the stored data. As a result of this approach, improved reinforcement learning parameters on the example of the “Water World” problem by increasing the accuracy of the model of the physical process represented by a deep neural network.
СOMPUTER MODELING PARAMETERS OF TECHNOGENIC EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE MEGAPOLIS
Authors: Novozhylova M. V. , Andronov V. A. , Melezhik R. S. 
Published: April 2021

Context. The urgency of the research is to develop methods for analyzing and processing space-time information, namely the set of data distributed both in space and time and creating on this basis a computer probabilistic model of the process of predicting manmade emergencies on city engineering infrastructure. The spatio-temporal nature of data series causes additional requirements for the identification procedures of the mathematical model of a series, therefore, the number of approaches identifying its structure and construction of a series model has been proposed.
Objective is methodical and software implementation of a computer model of the space-time series being intended to predict the future values of locations and times of man-made emergencies on the engineering infrastructure of the metropolis and increase decision-making efficiency.
Method. A projection approach providing independent determination of random spatial parameters defining location of emergency units on engineering infrastructure as a sequence of two one-dimensional uniform distributions and describing time distribution of moments of accidents as non-stationary Poisson distribution has been developed. Proposed is an integrated approach which includes the construction of generator points, the power of which (characteristic of the accident complexity) based on the implementation of the comparative statics approach with so-called cumulative effect within a certain time. A relaxation approach based on the reduction of a two-dimensional simulation model of determining the city of possible emergency location to a set of independent onedimensional non-stationary (including stationary) distributions to generate the time of occurrence has been constructed. Formalization of the space-time field, procedures of information support of the process of forecasting the parameters of a possible emergency, typification of initial data for numerical experiments on the implementation of methods for forecasting the parameters of a possible emergency on the example of water supply and sewerage network of utility company Kharkivvodokal, city Kharkiv have been developed.
Results. A dual methodology to determine the simulation model parameters of the space-time series, which contains both projection and integral approaches, as well as a combined method − relaxation approach, have been proposed. Numerical experiments based on the constructed model were performed. The model being considered is the theoretical basis to construct the forecast using a large amount of historical data.
Conclusions. The method to predict the parameters of space-time series considering the nonstationarity property of the time component distribution has been further developed. Using the proposed computer simulation tools allows to increase the accuracy of the forecast of the location, time of occurrence and severity of a possible accident on the engineering infrastructure of the metropolis.
COVID-19: When recovery does not mean a return to health
Authors: Wood Neil H 
Published: April 2021

The number of COVID-19 cases in South Africa is steadily increasing. The reports and daily updates we receive from the National Department of Health and from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) reflect the daily numbers of new cases, of deaths, and the number of recoveries.
It is the latter category that is more ominous than the label implies. What does it mean when "recoveries" are reported? Those cases that have not demised as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and whom have surpassed the number of days to be considered free from SARS-CoV-2 infection, are listed as having recovered from COVID-19.
COVID-19 Enfeksiyonu ile Komplike Gebe Hastalarda Maternal ve Neonatal Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KILINÇDEMİR Ümran , BAYHAN Gökhan 
Published: April 2021

Özet
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; gebelik sırasında maternal Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) enfeksiyonunun anne sağlığı üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi ve neonatal sonuçlar üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç- yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 1 Şubat 2020- 1 mart 2021 tarihleri arasında yayınlanmış makalelerin, Pubmed ve Google Scholar üzerinden kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler ‘COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy, maternal complications, fetal complications, maternal mortality, fetal mortality’ şeklinde olup ingilizce dil kısıtlaması yapılmıştır. Bu kriterlere uygun 8 çalışma dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 724 nazal sürüntü örneğinde polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ile COVID-19 enfeksiyonu doğrulanmış gebe hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak nazal sürüntü örneğinde COVID-19 PCR ile enfeksiyon olmadığı kanıtlanmış olan 6001 gebe dahil edilmiştir. Analiz edilen değişkenler: maternal yaş, eşlik eden komorbidite durumu, COVID-19 hastalık semptomları, pnömoni varlığı, maternal yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, maternal mortalite, abortus varlığı, preterm doğum oranı, doğum şekli, yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, yenidoğan COVID-19 PCR durumu ve COVID-19‘a bağlı yenidoğan mortalite oranıdır.
Bulgular: Maternal COVID-19 enfeksiyonu vakalarının %50’sinde asemptomatik seyretti. Klinik semptomlar %39 ile öksürük, %34 ateş, %24 koku kaybı, %16 dispne şeklindedir. Maternal enfeksiyonda hastaların %13’ünde hastanede yatış gerekliliği belirlendi. Akciğer tutulumu %14 olup, hastaların %2’si yoğun bakım şartlarında tedavi edilmiştir. Maternal mortalite %0,7 olarak saptanmıştır. Maternal ve neonatal sonuçlar için yenidoğan yoğun bakım ihtiyacı oranı dışında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Yenidoğan COVID-19 PCR taramasında %2 pozitiflik saptanmasına rağmen COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı yenidoğan ölümü saptanmadı.
Sonuçlar: COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile komplike gebe hastalarda, maternal ve neonatal sonuçların kötüleştiğine dair belirgin ilişki saptanmadı. Doğum şekli obstetrik endikasyonlara göre belirlenmelidir. Anneden bebeğe vertikal geçiş gösterilmemekle beraber %2 yenidoğan PCR ile pozitiflik oranı bildirilmiştir. Hiçbir yenidoğanda hastalık bulgusu saptanmadı ve ölüm bildirilmedi.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Visual Acuity and Depression Before and After Surgery in Patients with Senile Cataract: A Multicenter Study
Authors: BEYOĞLU Abdullah , BEYOĞLU Muhammed Mustafa , URFALIOGLU Selma , AVCI Dilek , ŞAHİN Hüseyin , TEKİN Serek 
Published: April 2021

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between quality of life associated with visual acuity and depression in patients with senile cataracts before and after surgery.
Methods: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was administered preoperatively and one month after surgery to patients scheduled for surgery with a diagnosis of senile cataract in Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Karaman State Hospital ophthalmology clinic. All demographic and systemic diseases data of patients, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) results before and after the operation were recorded. SPSS 22.0 statistics program was used to evaluate the data. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Result: 53 of the patients were female (53%) and 47 of them were male (47%). The mean age was 68.32 ± 9.20 (50-91 years old). According to the Snellen scala, Preoperative BCVA was 0.1 ± 0.11 (0.05-0.3) and postoperative was 0.80 ± 0.16 (0.05-1.0) (p
Quantitative and qualitative changes in blood cells associated with COVID-19
Authors: Evtugina N G , Sannikova S S , Peshkova A D , Safiullina S I , Andrianova I A , Tarasova G R , Khismatullin R R , Abdullaeva Sh M , Litvinov R I 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To establish the relationship of hematological disorders with the pathogenesis, course and outcomes of COVID-19.
Methods. We examined 235 hospitalized patients with moderate and severe forms of acute COVID-19 receiving anticoagulants and immunosuppressive drugs. We studied the full blood cell counts and morphology along with the platelet function by flow cytometry in comparison with the clinical features and synthesis of inflammatory markers. To assess platelet contractility, blood clot contraction (retraction) kinetics was used in combination with scanning electron microscopy of platelets and blood clots.
Results. Hemolytic anemia, neutrophilia and lymphopenia were associated with immature erythrocytes and leukocytes, indicating activation of hematopoiesis. Contraction of blood clots in COVID-19 was impaired, especially in severe and lethal cases, as well as in the presence of comorbidities, including myeloproliferative and coronary heart diseases and acute cerebrovascular disease. In male patients, the changes in clot contraction were more pronounced. Suppression of clot contraction correlated directly with anemia and coagulopathy, including a high D-dimer level, which confirms the pathogenetic significance of blood clot contraction in COVID-19. A decrease in platelet contractility was due to moderate thrombocytopenia in combination with chronic platelet activation and secondary platelet dysfunction. The structure and cellular composition of blood clots depended on the extent of contraction; clots with impaired contraction were porous, had a low content of deformed polyhedral erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes) and an even distribution of fibrin.
Conclusion. Blood cells undergoing both quantitative and qualitative changes are involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19; the suppressed platelet-driven contraction of intravital blood clots may be a part of the prothrombotic mechanisms.
The glutathione system in bone tissue under the action of copper-zinc ore components and antioxidants administration
Authors: Kuramshina G R , Kamilov F Kh 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To study changes in the glutathione system in bone tissue during chronic intoxication with elements contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore and antioxidant vitamin administration.
Methods. 36 mature male white rats were divided into three groups (control, comparison, experimental). The rats of the experimental and comparison groups received intragastrically copper-zinc pyrite ore powder in a 2% starch solution as a suspension at a dosage of 60 mg/100 g bodyweight daily for three months. During the last month, the experimental group received an antioxidant vitamin preparation (the complex of vitamins with a trace element) containing -tocopherol, -carotene, ascorbic acid and selenium. The content of reduced glutathione, free thiol groups in proteins, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in homogenates derived from femoral epiphysis. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using Statistica 6.0 software. The median (Me) and percentiles (Q1 and Q2) were calculated, a non-parametric MannWhitney U test was carried out to compare study groups.
Results. Chronic intoxication with elements contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore causes impairment of the glutathione system in bone tissue. Intoxicated rats showed a decrease in the reduced glutathione content to 71.9% (р=0.014) and free sulfhydryl groups of proteins to 77.8% (р=0.0143), inhibition of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes activities, and disruption of the glutathione reduction system in tissues, compared to the control group. Antioxidant vitamin administration increased the levels of reduced glutathione and free thiol groups of proteins, activated the enzymes involved in the glutathione system: the reduced glutathione content increased to 94.8% (p=0.2132), glutathione peroxidase activity to 85.7% (p=0.0432), glutathione transferase up to 94.3% (p=0.5251), glutathione reductase up to 86.1% (p=0.0442) compared to the control group.
Conclusion. Chronic intoxication with metals contained in copper-zinc pyrite ore leads to decreasing the content of reduced glutathione and free thiol groups of proteins in bones along with reducing glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, inhibition of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase; an antioxidant vitamin administration increases the activity of glutathione reduction enzymes in bone tissue, the content of reduced glutathione and free sulfhydryl groups of proteins, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase.
The effectiveness of kinesio taping in edema-reducing treatment for fractures of the lower jaw
Authors: Gasimzade D K , Takhavieva F V , Ksembaev S S , Ivanov O A 
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess the effect of Kinesio taping on edema reduction among the patients with fractures of the mandible (lower jaw) in the early postsurgical period of osteosynthesis.
Methods. Patients with unilateral mandibular angle fractures with displacement of fragments (49 men at the age of 1850 years), divided into 2 groups: the main group 26 patients (with the inclusion of Kinesio taping in the complex of treatment) and the control group 23 patients (the traditional complex of treatment). All patients underwent splinting of the jaw and miniplate osteosynthesis. Kinesio tapes were applied the next day after surgery to the skin above and below the surgical wound. Three out of five standard landmarks were used to measure edema on the 1st and 5th days after osteosynthesis. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Student's test. In all cases, the level of statistical significance was 5% (p 0.05).
Results. On the day after osteosynthesis, the patients of the main group showed a statistically significant (р 0.003) increase in the measured length for all three landmarks compared with the intact side due to pronounced postoperative edema. On the 5th day after the inclusion of Kinesio taping in the complex of treatment, there was a reduction in edema the indicators of the fractured and intact sides did not differ significantly from each other (р 0.05). In patients of the comparison group, the decrease in the parameters of postoperative edema on the 5th day of observation was negligible and insignificant in all measurements (р 0.05).
Conclusion. The results indicate the effectiveness of using Kinesio taping for mandibular fractures in the early postoperative period of osteosynthesis, which makes it possible to achieve a significant reduction in postoperative edema; Kinesio taping is a promising, easy-to-perform method that can be used to reduce inflammatory edema in fractures of the mandible.
Modeling of the increased intraocular pressure effect on changes in the stress state of the eyeball’s internal structures
Authors: Takhtaev Yuri V. , Shliakman Roman B. 
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was creating a model and evaluating the effect of elevated IOP in the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification on the changes in the stress state of various ocular structures.
Materials and methods.A simplified axial symmetrical anatomical model of the eyeball was created using the finite element method. Using the Deform software package, the deformation problem was worked out by calculating the redistribution of the excess pressure in the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification, on the changes in the stress state of different ocular structures.Results. At processing of modeling results, data were obtained on redistribution of the excess pressure delivered to the anterior chamber towards its decrease in the posterior pole area. The pressure level amounted to 0.85 % of excess pressure applied. The findings are supported by few animal experiments.
Conclusions.Proposed model of the increased IOP level effect on changes in the stressed state of various ocular structures demonstrates that the autoregulation mechanism maintaining ocular blood flow at a constant level includes a compensating mechanism for a steep IOP increase due to elastic properties of the vitreous body. This model allows calculating the redistribution of pressure in different parts of the eyeball, depending on the state of resilient-elastic properties of the vitreous, as well as on avitreal eyes, and in patients with silicone oil tamponade.
Mindfulness y la intersubjetividad normada como dos productos disímiles del pensamiento autopoiético
Authors: Saulig Mariano Esteban 
Published: April 2021

Resumen
Se analizarán comparativamente los planteos y bases filosóficas de Samaja y Varela, Thompson y Rosch con el objetivo de señalar los diversos caminos de reflexión que ambas perspectivas delinean a pesar de tener una base común en el pensamiento autopoiético desarrollado por Maturana y Varela. En esta dirección, el autor argentino se centra en la importancia de la subjetividad normada en tanto herramienta para liberar a las sociedades de la eficacia biológica, mientras que los autores de De cuerpo presente se enfocan en la práctica mindfulness como instrumento para corporizar a la falta de fundamento.
Palabras Clave: autopoiesis – enacción - mindfulness
Abstract
The different theoretical positions to which Samaja and Varela, Thompson and Rosch arrive, despite having a common basis in the autopoietic approach proposed by Maturana and Varela, will be analyzed comparatively. In this direction, the argentine author focuses on the importance of normative subjectivity as a tool to liberate societies from biological efficacy, whereas the authors of The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience direct their attention to mindfulness practice as a way to embody groundlessness.
Keywords: autopoiesis – enaction - mindfulness
El impacto de las políticas públicas en salud mental en América Latina: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Campodonico Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

Este trabajo propone realizar una revisión sistemática sobre el impacto de las políticas públicas en el campo de la salud mental en América Latina, para describir los abordajes teóricos y metodológicos. La revisión sistemática, según la Declaración PRISMA, se lleva a cabo en Agosto de 2020 y se seleccionan veinticinco artículos científicos provenientes de 6 bases de datos que refieren a publicaciones en castellano entre 2010-2020, en donde se concluye la importancia de las políticas públicas en salud mental sobre temas referidos a salud pública, discapacidad, niñez e inclusión social, garantizando así los derechos humanos esenciales de cada sujeto.