bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID‐19 on pregnancy and therapeutic drug development
Authors: Abbas‐Hanif Allyah , Rezai Homira , Ahmed Syed Faraz , Ahmed Asif 
Published: June 2021

Emerging data show that pregnant women with COVID‐19 are at significantly higher risk of severe outcomes compared with non‐pregnant women of similar age. This review discusses the invaluable insight revealed from vaccine clinical trials in women who were vaccinated and inadvertently became pregnant during the trial period. It further explores a number of clinical avenues in their management and proposes a drug development strategy in line with clinical trials for vaccines and drug treatments for the drug development community. Little is known of the long‐term effects of COVID‐19 on the mother and the baby. Our hypothesis that COVID‐19 predisposes pregnant women to pre‐eclampsia or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy is supported by a clinical study, and this may also adversely impact a woman's cardiovascular disease risk later in life. It may also increase a woman's risk of pre‐eclampsia in subsequent pregnancy. This is an ever‐evolving landscape, and early knowledge for healthcare providers and drug innovators is offered to ensure benefits outweigh the risks. COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines appear to generate robust humoral immunity in pregnant and lactating women. This novel approach to vaccination also offers new ways to therapeutically tackle disorders of many unmet medical needs.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on The second wave: are we any closer to efficacious pharmacotherapy for COVID 19? (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.10/issuetoc
Impact of growth faults on mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate‐evaporite deposits during rift climax and reorganisation—Billefjorden Trough, Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Smyrak‐Sikora Aleksandra , Nicolaisen Jakob B. , Braathen Alvar , Johannessen Erik P. , Olaussen Snorre , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFault‐controlled mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate‐evaporite depositional systems exhibit distinct sensitivity to tectonic and eustatic controls that are expressed in the sedimentary architecture. In the Upper Carboniferous Billefjorden Trough (Svalbard, Norway), up to 2,000 m of a warm and arid climate syn‐rift basin fill comprises such depositional systems, documented in this study with traditional field techniques supported by helicopter‐ and ground‐based LIDAR models. The basin evolved from siliciclastics‐dominated red beds and paralic units that filled a symmetrical basin, to a rift climax half‐graben with alluvial fans entering the basin along relay ramps of the master fault zone (Billefjorden fault zone). Faults located in the hanging wall dip‐slope prevented the progradation of coarser material to the eastern part of the basin. Later, structural reorganisation in the dipslope led to the cessation of easternmost faults with deformation focusing along one major lineament (Løvehovden fault zone) antithetic to the master fault zone. The basin subsidence became more symmetrical, with main central depocentre and shallower platforms near the basin flanks. Footwall anticlines from faults displacement gradients were sensitive to periodical exposure and recorded dissolution breccias and footwall synclines preserved evaporites coupled with shallow marine siliciclastic deposits. Concurrently, thick gypsum/anhydrite deposits in the basin centre reflect glacio‐eustatic lowstands, whereas evenly thick carbonate deposition characterises highstands. While most analysis of syn‐rift basin fill is based on siliciclastics deposits, we here demonstrate the complexity of tectonism versus eustatic sea level changes in a mixed carbonate‐evaporite syn‐rift deposits. Tectonic influence is ascribed to the deposition of alluvial fans that prograded from the master fault towards the basin centre. On the dipslope glacio‐eustatic signals outperformed tectonic influence on deposition. Sea level lowstands promoted deposition of red sabkha mudstones and gypsum/anhydrite, salinas evaporites or dissolution breccias, interbedded with highstand carbonate beds.
Microbiome and mycobiome interaction in house dust mites and impact on airway cells
Authors: Kim Ju Yeong , Yi Myung‐hee , Lee Seogwon , Lee In‐Yong , Yong Dongeun , Yoon Sang Sun , Yong Tai‐Soon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMajor allergen sources Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae have been reported to have distinct microbiomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of each mite on airway epithelial cells as a model of airway allergic disease.MethodsTranscriptomic analysis (RNA‐seq) of an airway epithelial cell line (BEAS‐2B) was performed to compare gene expression patterns after treatment with extracts of three mite species (D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae). In addition, mycobiome deep sequencing of mites was employed to identify fungal species that interact with the microbiomes of the mites.ResultsImmune responses to bacteria were enriched only in the D. farinae‐treated group as this species harboured larger numbers of bacteria than the other mites, and the high level of LPS in D. farinae caused proinflammatory cytokine production in airway epithelial cells. In addition, antibiotic metabolism pathways were enriched in D. pteronyssinus‐treated cells but not in D. farinae ‐treated cells. Subsequent experiments revealed that D. pteronyssinus had a high fungal load that inhibited bacterial survival in this mite species.ConclusionThe large amount of bacteria in D. farinae causes airway epithelial cells to produce more allergy‐related cytokines than D. pteronyssinus, since fungi present in D. pteronyssinus suppress the abundance of mite‐associated bacteria.
Texture Defragmentation for Photo‐Reconstructed 3D Models
Authors: Maggiordomo Andrea , Cignoni Paolo , Tarini Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose a method to improve an existing parametrization (UV‐map layout) of a textured 3D model, targeted explicitly at alleviating typical defects afflicting models generated with automatic photo‐reconstruction tools from real‐world objects. This class of 3D data is becoming increasingly important thanks to the growing popularity of reliable, ready‐to‐use photogrammetry software packages. The resulting textured models are richly detailed, but their underlying parametrization typically falls short of many practical requirements, particularly exhibiting excessive fragmentation and consequent problems. Producing a completely new UV‐map, with standard parametrization techniques, and then resampling a new texture image, is often neither practical nor desirable for at least two reasons: first, these models have characteristics (such as inconsistencies, high resolution) that make them unfit for automatic or manual parametrization; second, the required resampling leads to unnecessary signal degradation because this process is unaware of the original texel densities. In contrast, our method improves the existing UV‐map instead of replacing it, balancing the reduction of the map fragmentation with signal degradation due to resampling, while also avoiding oversampling of the original signal. The proposed approach is fully automatic and extensively tested on a large benchmark of photo‐reconstructed models; quantitative evaluation evidences a drastic and consistent improvement of the mappings.
A Multiscale Microfacet Model Based on Inverse Bin Mapping
Authors: Atanasov Asen , Wilkie Alexander , Koylazov Vladimir , Křivánek Jaroslav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccurately controllable shading detail is a crucial aspect of realistic appearance modelling. Two fundamental building blocks for this are microfacet BRDFs, which describe the statistical behaviour of infinitely small facets, and normal maps, which provide user‐controllable spatio‐directional surface features. We analyse the filtering of the combined effect of a microfacet BRDF and a normal map. By partitioning the half‐vector domain into bins we show that the filtering problem can be reduced to evaluation of an integral histogram (IH), a generalization of a summed‐area table (SAT). Integral histograms are known for their large memory requirements, which are usually proportional to the number of bins. To alleviate this, we introduce Inverse Bin Maps, a specialised form of IH with a memory footprint that is practically independent of the number of bins. Based on these, we present a memory‐efficient, production‐ready approach for filtering of high resolution normal maps with arbitrary Beckmann flake roughness. In the corner case of specular normal maps (zero, or very small roughness values) our method shows similar convergence rates to the current state of the art, and is also more memory efficient.
Levitating Rigid Objects with Hidden Rods and Wires
Authors: Kushner Sarah , Ulinski Risa , Singh Karan , Levin David I.W. , Jacobson Alec 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel algorithm to efficiently generate hidden structures to support arrangements of floating rigid objects. Our optimization finds a small set of rods and wires between objects and each other or a supporting surface (e.g., wall or ceiling) that hold all objects in force and torque equilibrium. Our objective function includes a sparsity inducing total volume term and a linear visibility term based on efficiently pre‐computed Monte‐Carlo integration, to encourage solutions that are as‐hidden‐as‐possible. The resulting optimization is convex and the global optimum can be efficiently recovered via a linear program. Our representation allows for a user‐controllable mixture of tension‐, compression‐, and shear‐resistant rods or tension‐only wires. We explore applications to theatre set design, museum exhibit curation, and other artistic endeavours.
Learning and Exploring Motor Skills with Spacetime Bounds
Authors: Ma Li‐Ke , Yang Zeshi , Tong Xin , Guo Baining , Yin KangKang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEquipping characters with diverse motor skills is the current bottleneck of physics‐based character animation. We propose a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework that enables physics‐based characters to learn and explore motor skills from reference motions. The key insight is to use loose space‐time constraints, termed spacetime bounds, to limit the search space in an early termination fashion. As we only rely on the reference to specify loose spacetime bounds, our learning is more robust with respect to low quality references. Moreover, spacetime bounds are hard constraints that improve learning of challenging motion segments, which can be ignored by imitation‐only learning. We compare our method with state‐of‐the‐art tracking‐based DRL methods. We also show how to guide style exploration within the proposed framework.
Deep Detail Enhancement for Any Garment
Authors: Zhang Meng , Wang Tuanfeng , Ceylan Duygu , Mitra Niloy J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCreating fine garment details requires significant efforts and huge computational resources. In contrast, a coarse shape may be easy to acquire in many scenarios (e.g., via low‐resolution physically‐based simulation, linear blend skinning driven by skeletal motion, portable scanners). In this paper, we show how to enhance, in a data‐driven manner, rich yet plausible details starting from a coarse garment geometry. Once the parameterization of the garment is given, we formulate the task as a style transfer problem over the space of associated normal maps. In order to facilitate generalization across garment types and character motions, we introduce a patch‐based formulation, that produces high‐resolution details by matching a Gram matrix based style loss, to hallucinate geometric details (i.e., wrinkle density and shape). We extensively evaluate our method on a variety of production scenarios and show that our method is simple, light‐weight, efficient, and generalizes across underlying garment types, sewing patterns, and body motion.Project page: http://geometry.cs.ucl.ac.uk/projects/2021/DeepDetailEnhance/
Physically‐based Book Simulation with Freeform Developable Surfaces
Authors: Wolf Thomas , Cornillère Victor , Sorkine-Hornung Olga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReading books or articles digitally has become accessible and widespread thanks to the large amount of affordable mobile devices and distribution platforms. However, little effort has been devoted to improving the digital book reading experience, despite studies showing disadvantages of digital text media consumption, such as diminished memory recall and enjoyment, compared to physical books. In addition, a vast amount of physical, printed books of interest exist, many of them rare and not easily physically accessible, such as out‐of‐print art books, first editions, or historical tomes secured in museums. Digital replicas of such books are typically either purely text based, or consist of photographed pages, where much of the essence of leafing through and experiencing the actual artifact is lost. In this work, we devise a method to recreate the experience of reading and interacting with a physical book in a digital 3D environment. Leveraging recent work on static modeling of freeform developable surfaces, which exhibit paper‐like properties, we design a method for dynamic physical simulation of such surfaces, accounting for gravity and handling collisions to simulate pages in a book. We propose a mix of 2D and 3D models, specifically tailored to represent books to achieve a computationally fast simulation, running in real time on mobile devices. Our system enables users to lift, bend and flip book pages by holding them at arbitrary locations and provides a holistic interactive experience of a virtual 3D book.
Hierarchical Raster Occlusion Culling
Authors: Lee Gi Beom , Jeong Moonsoo , Seok Yechan , Lee Sungkil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a scalable online occlusion culling algorithm, which significantly improves the previous raster occlusion culling using object‐level bounding volume hierarchy. Given occluders found with temporal coherence, we find and rasterize coarse groups of potential occludees in the hierarchy. Within the rasterized bounds, per‐pixel ray casting tests fine‐grained visibilities of every individual occludees. We further propose acceleration techniques including the read‐back of counters for tightly‐packed multidrawing and occluder filtering. Our solution requires only constant draw calls for batch occlusion tests, while avoiding costly iteration for hierarchy traversal. Our experiments prove our solution outperforms the existing solutions in terms of scalability, culling efficiency, and occlusion‐query performance.
A Survey of Control Mechanisms for Creative Pattern Generation
Authors: Gieseke Lena , Asente Paul , Měch Radomír , Benes Bedrich , Fuchs Martin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe review recent methods in 2D creative pattern generation and their control mechanisms, focusing on procedural methods. The review is motivated by an artist's perspective and investigates interactive pattern generation as a complex design problem. While the repetitive nature of patterns is well‐suited to algorithmic creation and automation, an artist needs more flexible control mechanisms for adaptable and inventive designs. We organize the state of the art around pattern design features, such as repetition, frames, curves, directionality, and single visual accents. Within those areas, we summarize and discuss the techniques' control mechanisms for enabling artist intent. The discussion includes questions of how input is given by the artist, what type of content the artist inputs, where the input affects the canvas spatially, and when input can be given in the timeline of the creation process. We categorize the available control mechanisms on an algorithmic level and categorize their input modes based on exemplars, parameterization, handling, filling, guiding, and placing interactions. To better understand the potential of the current techniques for creative design and to make such an investigation more manageable, we motivate our discussion with how navigation, transparency, variation, and stimulation enable creativity. We conclude our review by identifying possible new directions that can inspire innovation for artist‐centered creation processes and algorithms.
2D Points Curve Reconstruction Survey and Benchmark
Authors: Ohrhallinger S. , Peethambaran J. , Parakkat A. D. , Dey T. K. , Muthuganapathy R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCurve reconstruction from unstructured points in a plane is a fundamental problem with many applications that has generated research interest for decades. Involved aspects like handling open, sharp, multiple and non‐manifold outlines, run‐time and provability as well as potential extension to 3D for surface reconstruction have led to many different algorithms. We survey the literature on 2D curve reconstruction and then present an open‐sourced benchmark for the experimental study. Our unprecedented evaluation of a selected set of planar curve reconstruction algorithms aims to give an overview of both quantitative analysis and qualitative aspects for helping users to select the right algorithm for specific problems in the field. Our benchmark framework is available online to permit reproducing the results and easy integration of new algorithms.
The immunotherapeutic role of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Lin Daniel J. , Ng James C. K. , Huang Lei , Robinson Max , O’Hara James , Wilson Janet A. , Mellor Andrew L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNovel cancer immunotherapy seeks to harness the body's own immune system and tip the balance in favour of antitumour activity. The intracellular enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is a critical regulator of the tumour microenvironment (TME) via tryptophan metabolism. The potential immunotherapeutic role of IDO in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires further exploration. We aim to assess the evidence on IDO in HNSCC.MethodsA systematic review of literature and clinical trials databases.ResultsWe included 40 studies: seven involved cell lines: eight assessed tumour immunohistochemistry: ten measured IDO gene transcription: 15 reported on clinical trials. Increased cell line IDO expression was postulated to adversely affect tumour metabolism and apoptosis. Immunohistochemical IDO expression correlated with worse survival. Gene transcription studies associated IDO with positive PD‐L1 and human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Phase I/II clinical trials showed (a) overall response (34%‐55%) and disease control rates (62%‐70%) for IDO1 inhibitor in combination with a PD‐1 inhibitor, (b) similar safety profiles when both are used in combination therapy compared to each as monotherapies and (c) IDO gene expression as a predictive biomarker for response to PD‐L1 therapy.ConclusionsIDO expression is increased in the TME of HNSCC, which correlates with poor prognosis. However, the exact mechanism of IDO‐driven immune modulation in the TME is an enigma. Future translational studies should map IDO activity during HNSCC treatment and elucidate its precise role in the TME, such research will underpin the development of clinical trials establishing the efficacy of IDO inhibitors in HNSCC.
Clinical features in pulmonary tuberculosis patients combined with diabetes mellitus in China: An observational study
Authors: Tong Xunliang , Wang Dingyi , Wang He , Liao Yixuan , Song Yimeng , Li Yuanchun , Zhang Yue , Fan Guohui , Zhong Xuefeng , Ju Yang , Li Yanming 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsideration of the huge burden both of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in China as a major public health issue, research focused on the relationship between DM and TB was needed.MethodsAn observational study was conducted (2015‐2018) in regional representative TB and lung disease hospitals in China. All the adult patients newly diagnosed of pulmonary TB were consecutively recruited in this study.ResultsA total of 1417 patients newly diagnosed pulmonary TB was recruited in this research, 312 (22.02%) of them had the history of type 2 DM. Majority of patients were with fatigue, loss of weight and mild anaemia in TB‐DM group compared with TB‐NDM group (58.3% vs 47.5%, p = .001; 8.21 ± 6.2 vs 5.74 ± 4.0 kg, p < .001, 88.9% vs 77.6% p = .021). TB‐DM patients were with higher the proportion of TB severity score ≥3, compared with TB‐NDM patients, but the distributions of drug susceptibility testing (DST) analysis were not significantly different between the two groups of patients. Remarkably, the sign of central shadow of pulmonary lobe distribution and cavity in TB‐DM group presented significantly higher rate than it in TB‐NDM group. Multivariable logistic regression showed that high uric acid level was an independent risk factor for thick wall cavity in TB‐DM patients (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.24‐6.40), haemoptysis (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.10‐5.38) and chest pain (OR 5.22, 95% CI 1.38‐19.70) were significantly associated with thick wall cavity.ConclusionsThe clinical features of TB‐DM patients are associated with cavities in CT scan, rather than DST results. It can help us recognition confounding variables, also may influence the treatment strategy and outcomes in TB‐DM patients.
Drivers of adoption and spread of wildlife management initiatives in Mexico
Authors: Romero‐de‐Diego Cristina , Dean Angela , Jagadish Arundhati , Witt Bradd , Mascia Michael B. , Mills Morena 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConservation initiatives rarely achieve the scale required to respond to ongoing biodiversity loss. Understanding what drives the adoption of conservation initiatives provides key insights into how initiatives expand to a scale necessary for effective conservation outcomes. In this article, we identified characteristics of conservation initiatives, adopters, and context that influenced the adoption of extensive Wildlife Management Units (UMAs) in Mexico. We interviewed 22 experts to gather their perceptions about the factors driving the adoption and spread of UMAs, and their interactions. We used Diffusion of Innovation Theory and qualitative data analysis to develop a theory of change based on the experts' perceptions that illustrates what led landholders to adopt UMAs. We found that: (a) the adoption of UMAs depended on the landholders' ability to learn about, register, and implement them; (b) alignment with the landholders' objectives and private tenure facilitated adoption, reflecting the likelihood and ease of participation, respectively; and (c) observability of benefits and the availability of technical advice were key to adoption, influencing the speed of adoption by facilitating learning. Our empirically derived theory of change describing the adoption of UMAs revealed focused and clear hypotheses that can be further tested quantitatively.