bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familiarity and Mate Preference Assessment with the Partner Preference Test
Authors: Beery Annaliese K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn contrast to traditional laboratory animals, prairie voles form socially monogamous partnerships in the wild and exhibit lasting social preferences for familiar individuals—both mates and same‐sex peers—in the laboratory. Decades of research into the mechanisms supporting pair bonding behavior have made prairie voles an important model organism for the study of social relationships. The partner preference test is a laboratory test of familiarity preference that takes place over an extended interval (typically 3 hr), during which test subjects can directly interact with conspecifics and often engage in resting side‐by‐side contact (i.e., huddling). The use of this test has enabled study of the neural pathways and mechanisms involved in promoting or impairing relationship formation. The tendency to form partner preferences is also used as a behavioral indicator of the effects of early life experiences and environmental exposures. While this test was developed to assess the extent of social preference for mates in prairie voles, it has been adapted for use in other social contexts and in multiple other species. This article provides instructions for conducting the classic partner preference test, as well as variations including same‐sex “peer” partner preference tests. The effects of several protocol variations are examined, including duration of cohousing, separation interval, use of tethers versus barriers, linear versus branched apparatus configuration, and duration of the test. The roles of social variables including sex of the focal individual, sex of conspecifics, reproductive state, and use of the test in other species are then considered. Finally, sample data are provided along with discussion of scoring and statistical analysis of partner preference tests. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Partner preference testSupport Protocol: Behavioral scoring
Dielectric Relaxation and Non‐Overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling Model Conduction Studies of Ag2‐xNaxZnP2O7 (x = 0, 1, and 2) Materials
Authors: Dhaou Mohamed Houcine , Mallah Abdulrahman , Alsawi Abdulrahman 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Ag2−xNaxZnP2O7 (x = 0, 1, and 2) materials are prepared using the solid–solid method followed by heat treatment. The investigated samples are characterized by combining X‐ray powder diffraction and electrical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The Rietveld refinement of the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that these Ag2ZnP2O7, AgNaZnP2O7, and Na2ZnP2O7 compounds are indexed in the tetragonal system with the P42/n space group. Their dielectric properties are measured in the frequency and temperature ranges of 200–107 Hz and 419–518 K, respectively. In these compounds, the dielectric relaxation can be described by a Cole–Cole model. The frequency dependence of the conductivity is interpreted in terms of Jonscher's law. For the three compounds, the activation energy for conduction has a different value compared to the activation energy for the relaxation process. This indicates that the conduction in the compound is not predicted by the simple hopping model. Then, the temperature dependence of the power‐law exponent(s) suggests that the non‐overlapping small polaron tunneling model is the dominant transport process in these materials. Moreover, the values of defect states N(EF) and the tunnel distance RW show the electrical performance of the Ag2ZnP2O7 compound.
The Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study methods and participant characteristics
Authors: O'Bryant Sid E. , Johnson Leigh A. , Barber Robert C. , Braskie Meredith N. , Christian Bradley , Hall James R. , Hazra Nalini , King Kevin , Kothapalli Deydeep , Large Stephanie , Mason David , Matsiyevskiy Elizabeth , McColl Roderick , Nandy Rajesh , Palmer Raymond , Petersen Melissa , Philips Nicole , Rissman Robert A. , Shi Yonggang , Toga Arthur W. , Vintimilla Raul , Vig Rocky , Zhang Fan , Yaffe Kristine ,   for the HABLE Study Team
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMexican Americans remain severely underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. The Health & Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study was created to fill important gaps in the existing literature.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling Mexican Americans and non‐Hispanic White adults and elders (age 50 and above) were recruited. All participants underwent comprehensive assessments including an interview, functional exam, clinical labs, informant interview, neuropsychological testing, and 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) scans were added at visit 2. Blood samples were stored in the Biorepository.ResultsData was examined from n = 1705 participants. Significant group differences were found in medical, demographic, and sociocultural factors. Cerebral amyloid and neurodegeneration imaging markers were significantly different between Mexican Americans and non‐Hispanic Whites.DiscussionThe current data provide strong support for continued investigations that examine the risk factors for and biomarkers of AD among diverse populations.
Menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure: a retrospective analysis from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database
Authors: Huang Ching‐Hui , Kor Chew‐Teng , Lian Ie‐Bin , Chang Chia‐Chu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsWomen with menopausal symptoms show evidence of accelerated epigenetic ageing, vascular aging and low‐grade systemic inflammation status. However, data are limited regarding menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to explore the impact of menopausal symptoms on risk of HF.MethodsWe included 14 340 symptomatic menopausal women without a history of coronary heart disease (CHD) or HF from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database as the experimental cohort. We included 14 340 asymptomatic women matched for age and comorbidities as controls. We surveyed possible comorbidity‐attributable risks of HF and assessed whether menopausal symptoms play a role in risk of HF. Additional analyses were conducted to ascertain the association of CHD and HF in different risk factor burdens categories in both cohorts and CHD was applied as a sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe incidence of HF was not significantly lower in the experimental than in the control cohort (4.87 vs. 5.06 per 1000 person‐years, P = 0.336). Participants with a higher comorbidity burden had a proportionally increased risk of HF and CHD in both cohorts. The burden of risk factors had a greater impact on risk of HF in the control than in the experimental cohort (≥five risk factors, adjusted hazard ratio 25.69 vs. 14.75). Participants undergoing hormone therapy had no significant effect on the risk of HF, regardless of the presence or absence of menopausal symptoms. Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with the control cohort, the risk of HF in the experimental cohort did not increase significantly in all subgroups.ConclusionsMenopausal symptoms were associated with CHD risk but not with risk of HF. Traditional risk factors rather than menopausal symptoms play important roles in the HF risk among middle‐aged women.
MHD stagnation point flow of Casson fluid over a convective stretching sheet considering thermal radiation, slip condition, and viscous dissipation
Authors: Dessie Hunegnaw 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study presents the problem of MHD stagnation point flow of Casson fluid over a convective stretching sheet considering thermal radiation, slip condition, and viscous dissipation. The partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions that govern the fluid flow are reduced to a system of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations using scaling group transformations. The fourth‐order method along shooting technique is applied to solve this system of boundary value problems numerically. The effects of flow parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented via graphs. The impact of the physical parameters on the skin friction coefficient reduced Nusselt numbers and reduced Sherwood numbers are investigated through tables. Comparison of the present findings with the previously published results in the literature shows an excellent agreement. It is also noted that a rise in the Eckert number results in a drop in the temperature of the fluid in the thermal boundary layer region of the fluid flow.
Coverage analysis of indoor users from mm‐wave multi‐RAT small cells deployed along roads
Authors: Ghatak Gourab 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe initial deployment of millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) base stations (BSs), for example, by Verizon and AT&T will be on top of lamp‐posts along the roads of an urban scenario. These deployments will mainly target the outdoor pedestrian users and provide on‐demand ultra‐high data rates. However, as the mm‐wave deployments mature, the operator must necessarily dimension the network by taking into consideration the requirements of the indoor cellular users as well. In this paper, we study the extent of indoor coverage with on‐road BS deployments, so as to enable the network operators with necessary system design and network dimensioning insights. We derive the tier and radio access technique (RAT) selection probabilities of the typical indoor user, and consequently, we characterize its signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability. Based on the density of roads in the city, we prescribe the optimal density of the BSs required to maximize the SINR coverage of the indoor users.
Sarcopenia in geriatric psychiatry: feasibility of the diagnostic process and estimation of prevalence within a hospital context
Authors: Sperlich Esther , Fleiner Tim , Zijlstra Wiebren , Haussermann Peter , Morat Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is an age‐related progressive and general skeletal muscle disease associated with negative consequences such as falls, disability, and mortality. An early‐stage diagnosis is important to enable adequate treatment, especially in geriatric psychiatry. However, there presently is little information about the feasibility of diagnostic procedures and the prevalence of sarcopenia in clinical geriatric psychiatry settings. The aim of this study is to implement a diagnostic process for sarcopenia in a geriatric psychiatry hospital, to investigate its feasibility and to analyse the prevalence rates.MethodsA single‐centre cross‐sectional study over 3 months was conducted in a geriatric psychiatry hospital. All admitted patients with a diagnosis of dementia, depression, or delirium were screened regarding the clinical impression of frailty and sarcopenia according to the current diagnostic algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2).ResultsWe found that short physical performance tests, such as the handgrip strength testing (91%) or 4 m walking test (91%), were applicable in our sample. The original standardized instructions of longer tests could not be performed appropriately, for example, in the five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand‐test (32%), the timed‐up‐and‐go‐test (68%), and the 400 m walking test (38%). Muscle mass measurements using bioelectric impedance analysis were feasible in all patients (100%). The analysis revealed an estimated prevalence rate for sarcopenia of 65% for patients suffering from dementia and 36% for patients suffering from depression. In our final analysis, 15 patients suffering from dementia, 19 suffering from depression, and no patient suffering from delirium were included [22 female (64.7%) and twelve male (35.3%) patients]. The patients were on average 78.9 ± 7.7 years old, with the youngest patient being 61 years old and the oldest patient 93 years old. Out of the total sample, 14 patients suffering from dementia and eight patients suffering from depression were diagnosed with a severe stage of sarcopenia.ConclusionsThe EWGSOP2 algorithm seems to be applicable in the clinical routine of a geriatric psychiatry hospital. The high estimated prevalence rates of sarcopenia highlight the need for an early and comprehensive screening for sarcopenia in geriatric psychiatry.
Synthesis and Nitrite/Sulfite Electrochemical Response Investigation of Fluorene‐Based, Cross‐Linked Polyisocyanide
Authors: Xu Kunfang , Shi Wei , Zhang Kesong , Liu Sai , Xie Zhengfeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs compared to the widely studied linear‐type polyisocyanides (PICs), the development of cross‐linked PICs has not attracted much attention, and their applications in electrochemical fields are scarcely reported by far. Herein, a type of novel fluorene‐based isocyanide monomer (BIF), which bears two isocyano (─NC) groups, is successfully synthesized via Hofmann method with 9, 9‐bis (4‐aminophenyl) fluorene as the precursor. Corresponding fluorene‐based, cross‐linked PIC derivative (PBIF) is successfully prepared by Ni2+‐catalyzed polymerization of BIF. Chemical structure, elemental composition, accumulation state, thermal stability, microstructure, porous characteristics, and specific surface area of PBIF are characterized. NO2− and SO32− electrochemical responses of the modified glassy carbon electrode (PBIF/CS/GCE), which is fabricated with PBIF as the active material and chitosan (CS) as adhesive agent, is systematically analyzed here. Experimental results show that PBIF/CS/GCE exhibits strengthened NO2−/SO32− electrochemical response, suggesting that PBIF has a potential application prospect as novel non‐conjugated polymer‐based NO2−/SO32− electrochemical probing material.
Investigating the interplay of device type, product familiarity, and shopping motivations on the accuracy of product size estimations in e‐commerce settings
Authors: Chung Sorim , Karampela Maria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on diverging device conditions remains scarce, particularly in relation to how they affect online shoppers' product assessments. This research investigates the effects of online shoppers' device type on the accuracy of their product size evaluations and reveals, for the first time, the complex mechanisms behind these effects by examining the role of confidence about product size, product familiarity, and shopping motivations. The findings from four experimental studies show that using a PC (vs. a smartphone) to view products results in greater size‐estimation errors than do smartphones. Moderated‐mediation analyses suggest that viewing products on a PC (vs. a smartphone) leads to overconfidence about product sizes, which then results in greater size‐estimation errors, and this mediation effect is stronger for unfamiliar products. However, the mediation effect is reversed with utilitarian motivations—PC users become more accurate in estimating product sizes. Overall, the findings encourage online retailers to consider their customers' device type as one of the factors influencing size‐related returns; thus, optimizing their product showcases by carefully monitoring customers' device information, which is easily identifiable through websites, is important in improving the accuracy of product assessment.
How we approach hemangiomas in infants
Authors: Mayer Jennifer L.R. , Intzes Stefanos , Oza Vikash S. , Blei Francine 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPediatric oncologists are increasingly involved in the management of benign vascular tumors and their associated life‐threatening complications. Hemangiomas are the most common referring diagnosis to multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinics. However, as contemporary research has revealed, hemangiomas are not a single, easily defined entity but rather a diverse set of related vascular tumors, each having a unique natural history, growth pattern, and response to therapy. This manuscript seeks to illustrate how we evaluate and manage these complex tumors, their complications, and associated syndromes, while remaining ever vigilant for malignant hemangioma mimickers such as soft tissue sarcomas and congenital leukemia.
Chain transfer to solvent in BN 2‐vinylnaphthalene radical polymerization
Authors: Ji Yuyang , Klausen Rebekka S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of vinyl alcohol copolymers is limited due to the poor radical reactivity of vinyl acetate (VAc), the traditional precursor to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Main group monomers such as BN 2‐vinylnaphthalene (BN2VN) have attracted attention as alternatives to VAc to form side chain hydroxyls via oxidation, but outstanding questions of molecular weight control remain. Herein we report systematic investigation of solvent, temperature, and initiator concentration as factors influencing BN2VN degree of polymerization. We find increased chain transfer to toluene, hypothesized to arise from differences in radical stabilization and reactivity by aromatic and BN aromatic rings. As a result of these combined efforts, high molecular weight (Mw ~ 105 g mol−1) BN2VN homopolymers and BN2VN‐styrene copolymers were obtained.
Community modulated recursive trees and population dependent branching processes
Authors: Bhamidi Shankar , Fan Ruituo , Fraiman Nicolas , Nobel Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider random recursive trees that are grown via community modulated schemes that involve random attachment or degree based attachment. The aim of this article is to derive general techniques based on continuous time embedding to study such models. The associated continuous time embeddings are not branching processes: individual reproductive rates at each time t depend on the composition of the entire population at that time, and hence vertices do not reproduce independently. Using stochastic analytic techniques we show that various key macroscopic statistics of the continuous time embedding stabilize, allowing asymptotics for a host of functionals of the original models to be derived.
CNSi/MXene/CNSi: Unique Structure with Specific Electronic Properties for Nanodevices
Authors: Bai Haoyun , Ai Haoqiang , Li Bowen , Liu Dong , Lo Kin Ho , Ng Kar Wei , Shi Xingqiang , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Pan Hui 
Published: June 2021

Abstract2D materials have been interesting for applications into nanodevices due to their intriguing physical properties. In this work, four types of unique structures are designed that are composed of MXenes and C/N‐Si layers (CNSi), where MXene is sandwiched by the CNSi layers with different thicknesses, for their practical applications into integrated devices. The systematic calculations on their elastic constants, phonon dispersions, and thermodynamic properties show that these structures are stable, depending on the composition of MXene. It is found: 1) different from MXene or N‐functionalized MXene (M2CN2), SiN2/M2X/SiN2 possess new electronic properties with free carriers only in the middle, leading to 2D free electron gas; 2) CNSi/MXene/CNSi shows an intrinsic Ohmic semiconductor‐metal‐semiconductor (S‐M‐S) contact, which is potential for applications into nanodevices; and 3) O/M2C/SiN2 and N/M2C/OSiN are also stable and show different electronic properties, which can be semiconductor or metal as a whole depending on the interface. A method is further proposed to fabricate the 2D structures based on the industrial availability. The findings may provide a novel strategy to design and fabricate the 2D structures for their application into nanodevices and integrated circuits.
Analysis of fine particulates from fuel burning in a reconstructed building at Çatalhöyük World Heritage Site, Turkey: assessing air pollution in prehistoric settled communities
Authors: Shillito Lisa-Marie , Namdeo Anil , Bapat Aishwarya Vikram , Mackay Helen , Haddow Scott D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of wood, dung and other biomass fuels can be traced back to early prehistory. While the study of prehistoric fuel use and its environmental impacts is well established, there has been little investigation of the health impacts this would have had, particularly in the Neolithic period, when people went from living in relatively small groups, to living in dense settlements. The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, is one of the earliest large ‘pre-urban’ settlements in the world. In 2017, a series of experiments were conducted to measure fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations during typical fuel burning activities, using wood and dung fuel. The results indicate that emissions from both fuels surpassed the WHO and EU standard limits for indoor air quality, with dung fuel being the highest contributor for PM2.5 pollution inside the house, producing maximum values > 150,000 µg m−3. Maximum levels from wood burning were 36,000 µg m−3. Average values over a 2–3 h period were 13–60,000 µg m−3 for dung and 10–45,000 µg m−3 for wood. The structure of the house, lack of ventilation and design of the oven and hearth influenced the air quality inside the house. These observations have implications for understanding the relationship between health and the built environment in the past.
Ancillary science with Ariel: feasibility and scientific potential of young stellar object observations
Authors: Gyürüs B. , Kiss Cs. , Morales J.C. , Nakhjiri N. , Marton G. , Ábrahám P. , Kóspál Á. , Moór A. , Szabó Gy.M. , Szabó R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTo investigate the feasibility of ancillary target observations with ESA’s Ariel mission, we compiled a list of potentially interesting young stars: FUors, systems harbouring extreme debris discs and a larger sample of young stellar objects showing strong near/mid-infrared excess. These objects can be observed as additional targets in the waiting times between the scheduled exoplanet transit and occultation observations. After analyzing the schedule for Ariel an algorithm was constructed to find the optimal target to be observed in each gap. The selection was mainly based on the slew and stabilization time needed to observe the selected YSO, but it also incorporated the scientific importance of the targets and whether they have already been sufficiently measured. After acquiring an adequately large sample of simulation data, it was concluded that approximately 99.2% of the available – at least one hour long – gaps could be used effectively. With an average slewing and stabilization time of about 16.7 minutes between scheduled exoplanet transits and ancillary targets, this corresponds to an additional 2881 ± 56 hours of active data gathering. When this additional time is used to observe our selected 200 ancillary targets, a typical signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim 10^{4}$
∼
1

0

4

can be achieved along the whole spectral window covered by Ariel.