bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulation by antibody secreting cells in inflammation, infection, and cancer
Authors: McGettigan Shannon E. , Debes Gudrun F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) are considered work horses of the humoral immune response for their tireless effort to produce large amounts of antibodies that fulfill an array of functions in host defense, inflammation, and maintenance of homeostasis. While traditionally considered largely senescent cells, surprising recent findings demonstrate that subsets of ASCs downmodulate ongoing immune responses independent of antibody formation. Such regulatory ASCs produce IL‐10 or IL‐35 and are implicated in maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. They also serve to suppress pathogenic leukocytes in infection, allergy, and inflammatory diseases that affect tissues, such as the central nervous system and the respiratory tract. Additionally, regulatory ASCs infiltrate various cancer types and restrict effective anti‐tumor T cell responses. While incompletely understood, there is significant overlap in factors that control ASC differentiation, IL‐10 expression by B cells and the generation of ASCs that secrete both antibodies and IL‐10. In this review, we will cover the biology, phenotype, generation, maintenance and function of regulatory ASCs in various tissues under pathological and steady states. An improved understanding of the development of regulatory ASCs and their biological roles will be critical for generating novel ASC‐targeted therapies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, infection, and cancer.
Digital entrepreneurship and indigenous value systems: An Ubuntu perspective
Authors: Abubakre Mumin , Faik Isam , Mkansi Marcia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the embeddedness of digital entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurs' indigenous value system by examining the influence of ‘Ubuntu’ on digital entrepreneurship activities in the South African context. We do so through an interpretive field study of two innovation clusters in South Africa. Our findings reveal Ubuntu as the basis of a community orientation to digital entrepreneurship that offers an alternative to the prevalent heroic view in which digital entrepreneurship narratives are centred around the individual entrepreneur(s). They also highlight the tensions faced by digital entrepreneurs as they attempt to uphold the Ubuntu values of humility, reciprocity, and benevolence while operating in a competitive and fast‐paced environment. In addition, our study indicates that the way entrepreneurs draw on their indigenous value system is dynamic, giving rise to what we calldigital Ubuntu, reflecting a reworking of Ubuntu values into their increasingly digital reality. The concept of digital Ubuntu brings to light how indigenous values can become entangled with the capabilities of digital technologies and highlights the need for indigenous perspectives to advance our understanding of the diversity of digital phenomena, such as digital entrepreneurship, across cultural contexts.
Efficacy of prompted voiding for reversing urinary incontinence in older adults hospitalized in a functional recovery unit: Study protocol
Authors: Martín‐Losada Laura , Parro‐Moreno Ana Isabel , Serrano‐Gallardo María Pilar , González‐Blázquez Cristina , Sánchez‐García Marta , González‐Álvaro Nuria , Huerta‐Ruiz María , De Souza‐Lucio Jorge , Fernández‐Guijarro Pilar , Carrillo‐Alcalá María Elena , Solís‐Muñoz Montserrat 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy of a prompted voiding programme for restoring urinary continence at discharge in hospitalized older adults who presented with reversible urinary incontinence (UI) on admission to a functional recovery unit (FRU). To assess the maintenance of the outcomes achieved after hospitalization. To identify modifiable and unmodifiable factors associated with the success of the prompted voiding programme.DesignQuasi‐experimental, pre‐/post‐intervention study without a control group.MethodsParticipants were aged 65 and over with a history of reversible UI in the previous year who had been admitted to a FRU and were on a prompted voiding programme throughout their hospitalization period. The sample consisted of 221 participants. A non‐probabilistic sampling method, in order of recruitment after signing the informed consent form, was used. The primary outcomes were UI assessed at discharge and 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after discharge. Funding was granted in July 2019 by the Spain Health Research Fund (PI19/00168, Ministry of Health). The proposal was approved by the Spanish Research Ethics Committee.DiscussionThe prompted voiding programme described can reverse UI or decrease the frequency and amount of urine loss in hospitalized older adults.ImpactUrinary incontinence is highly prevalent in hospitalized older adults. There is a need for care aimed at prevention, recovery and symptom control. Prompted voiding is a therapy provided by the nursing team during hospitalization and can also be provided by family caregivers at home after receiving proper training by the nursing team. Prompted voiding will enhance the health, functional ability and quality of life of older adults with UI, resulting in the reduction of associated healthcare costs and the risk of developing complications.
Comparison of microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus using propagation‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast and absorption micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Zhao Yuqing , Zhao Qi , Zheng Mengting , Yang Tingting , Liu Dayong , Sun Lianlian , Lv Wenjuan , Li Yimin , Liu Yongchao , Hu Chunhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClear and complete microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus is an important part of pathological investigations in research and clinical practice. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT) is a widely used non‐destructive imaging technique, which allows for distortion‐free three‐dimensional (3D) visualisation. While absorption μCT typically has poor contrast resolution for observing the root canal isthmus, especially for weak‐absorbing tissues, propagation‐based X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging (PBI) is a powerful imaging method, which in its combination with μCT (PB‐PCμCT) enables high‐resolution and high‐contrast microstructural imaging of the weak‐absorbing tissues in samples. To investigate the feasibility and ability of PB‐PCμCT in microstructural imaging of the root canal isthmus, conventional absorption μCT and PB‐PCμCT experiments were performed. The two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D comparison results demonstrated that, compared to absorption μCT, PB‐PCμCT has the ability to image the root canal isthmus more clearly and completely, and thus, it has great potential to serve as a valuable tool for biomedical and preclinical studies on the root canal isthmus.
Application of check‐all‐that‐apply and non‐metric partial least squares regression to evaluate attribute's perception and consumer liking of apples
Authors: Mendes da Silva Thais , Peano Cristiana , Giuggioli Nicole Roberta 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAttribute's perception and impact on liking are crucial in quality assessments. An approach with analytical and sensory methods is often necessary to ensure a reliable description of quality perception without neglecting product's characterization. Moreover, the presence of nonlinear patterns demands appropriate models. A methodology is proposed to assess quality and attributes of apples cultivated at different orchard's elevation. Physicochemical, sensory and consumer tests with check‐all‐that‐apply and penalty analysis were performed. A non‐metric partial least square model (NM‐PLS) was applied with a new coding system. The methodology highlighted similar results at all assessments for taste, with no significant differences among samples. Texture was evaluated different among assessments. Differences were found for hardness and astringency only at the panel level, while there was an agreement considering crispness, better described by the analytical index “average drop.” The NM‐PLS model confirmed sweet, intense odor and the latent attribute “notes” as the most related to liking. The methodology confirmed that differences found among trained panelists my not be relevant for consumers, therefore, an integrated approach is needed. It shows a new system to create a regression model that provides information at a specific and a global attribute level to deal with multicomponent parameters.Practical ApplicationsThis work describes a new consumer test methodology to investigate attributes perception and product penalties, therefore, it can be used by industries and researchers to have a deeper understanding of quality and liking of new products. It also highlights advantages and drawbacks of different quality assessment types and suggests an integrated approach is key to assess quality, consumer liking and attribute's perception. Finally, it proposes a new index to investigate crispiness.
Quality of life analysis of children with patent ductus arteriosus after closure treatment: A single‐centre study
Authors: Sun Kai‐Peng , Xie Wen‐Peng , Liu Jian‐Feng , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua 
Published: June 2021

AimTo explore the changes in quality of life (QoL) in children who underwent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and the difference in the QoL between the post‐operative patients and healthy children.MethodsThe Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 scale was used to assess the QoL of 48 children before and after receiving PDA closure and 50 healthy children who underwent physical examination in our hospital. Relevant clinical data were collected and analysed.ResultsIn this study, a total of 45 patients completed the follow‐up, and all the children in the control group completed the follow‐up. The results showed that the patients' QoL had been improved after PDA closure, and the scores of emotional functioning and social functioning had been significantly improved compared with those in the pre‐operative status. In comparing the QoL between the patient group and the control group, the results before treatment were worse than those of the control group. After treatment, the gap between the score of QoL of the patients and the healthy control group was reduced to some extent. However, in terms of social functioning, the patients' feedback was not as positive as healthy children.ConclusionFor children with PDA, closure treatment can significantly improve their clinical symptoms and QoL. However, there is still a gap compared with healthy children, so health education and further intervention after treatment are still necessary.
The problem with pigeons in research and practice: communicating early literacy essentials and foundations in curriculum and instruction
Authors: Hoffman Emily Brown , Paciga Kathleen A. , Whittingham Colleen E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe long‐standing research to practice gap and increased interest in scientific literacy instruction has contributed to the oversimplification of what is deemed as foundational skills in US early literacy classrooms. Invoking a homing pigeon metaphor, this article describes the distilling of decades of reading research into a message being received by literacy practitioners, policymakers and families which prioritises phonics instruction, drowning‐out complex and nuanced findings supporting a more comprehensive approach. Grounded in an emergent literacy paradigm and applying a sociocultural approach to literacy in the 21st century with an eye towards equity, this article reframes what is considered ‘foundational’ early literacy teaching and learning to reflect the research base that supports proportional attention to constrained and unconstrained skills through integrated and contextualised instruction. To narrow the enduring research‐to‐practice gap, researchers must build authentic research partnerships with schools and support teacher educators' and teachers' enactment of comprehensive approaches to literacy instruction, curricula and assessment.
Isolation and reconnection: Demographic history and multiple contact zones of the green odorous frog (Odorrana margaretae) around the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Wen Guannan , Fu Jinzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe green odorous frog (Odorrana margaretae) displays a circular distribution around the Sichuan Basin of western China and possesses multiple replicate hybrid zones between lineages with high levels of divergence. To gain an understanding of the speciation process, we obtained 1540 SNPs from 29 populations and 227 individuals using ddRAD sequencing. Population structure analysis revealed three groups within the species: the West, North & South, and East groups. Demographic inference showed that they were initially isolated at ~2 million years ago, and subsequent post‐glacial expansion produced the current circular distribution with four secondary contact zones. Hybridization in those zones involved lineages with various levels of divergence and produced greatly different patterns of introgression. Contact zones between the East and North & South groups (E–S and E–N) had contrast admixture levels but both showed a general lack of potential barrier loci. Meanwhile, the reconnection of the West and North & South groups produced two contact zones along the rim of the Basin. The S–W zone had extensive admixture while the N–W zone had limited admixture within a narrow geographic distance. Both showed substantial barrier effects, and a large number of potential barrier loci were shared. We also detected strong coupling among these loci. The N–W hybrid zone involved two highly‐diverged lineages (FST = 0.704) and many loci have reached fixation around the hybrid zone. This study system offers a unique opportunity to understand the dynamics of introgression in contact zones and the architecture of reproductive isolation at different stages of speciation.
Nocturnal stomatal conductance in wheat is growth‐stage specific and shows genotypic variation
Authors: McAusland Lorna , Smith Kellie E. , Williams Alexander , Molero Gemma , Murchie Erik H. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Nocturnal stomatal conductance (gsn) represents a significant source of water loss, with implications for metabolism, thermal regulation and water‐use efficiency. With increasing nocturnal temperatures due to climate change, it is vital to identify and understand variation in the magnitude and responses of gsn in major crops.

We assessed interspecific variation in gsn and daytime stomatal conductance (gs) in a wild relative and modern spring wheat genotype. To investigate intraspecific variation, we grew six modern wheat genotypes and two landraces under well watered, simulated field conditions.

For the diurnal data, higher gsn in the wild relative was associated with significantly lower nocturnal respiration and higher daytime CO2 assimilation while both species exhibited declines in gsn post‐dusk and pre‐dawn. Lifetime gsn achieved rates of 5.7–18.9% of gs. Magnitude of gsn was genotype specific 'and positively correlated with gs. gsn and gs were significantly higher on the adaxial surface. No relationship was determined between harvest characteristics, stomatal morphology and gsn, while cuticular conductance was genotype specific. Finally, for the majority of genotypes, gsn declined with age.

Here we present the discovery that variation in gsn occurs across developmental, morphological and temporal scales in nonstressed wheat, presenting opportunities for exploiting intrinsic variation under heat or water stressed conditions.
Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch‐length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts
Authors: Xu Lin‐Lin , Yu Rui‐Min , Lin Xin‐Rui , Zhang Bo‐Wen , Li Nan , Lin Kui , Zhang Da‐Yong , Bai Wei‐Ning 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Topological cytonuclear discordance is commonly observed in plant phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies, yet few studies have attempted to detect two other forms of cytonuclear discordance (branch length and geographical) and to uncover the causes of the discordance.

We used the whole nuclear and chloroplast genome data from 80 individual Asian butternuts to reveal the pattern and processes of cytonuclear discordance.

Our findings indicate that the chloroplast genome had substantially deeper divergence (branch‐length discordance) and a steeper cline in the contact zone (geographic discordance) compared with the nuclear genome. After various hypothesis have been tested, the results suggest that incomplete lineage sorting, positive selection and cytonuclear incompatibility are probably insufficient to explain this pattern. However, isolation‐by‐distance analysis and gene flow estimation point to a much higher level of gene flow by pollen compared with by seeds, which may have slowed down lineage divergence and mediated wider contact for nuclear genome compared with the chloroplast genome.

Altogether, this study highlights a critical role of sex‐biased dispersal in causing discordance between the nuclear and plastid genome of Asian butternuts. Given its ubiquity among plants, asymmetric gene flow should be given a high priority in future studies of cytonuclear discordance.
Taxing interacting externalities of ocean acidification, global warming, and eutrophication
Authors: Hänsel Martin C. , van den Bergh Jeroen C. J. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe model a stylized economy dependent on agriculture and fisheries to study optimal environmental policy in the face of interacting external effects of ocean acidification, global warming, and eutrophication. This allows us to capture some of the latest insights from research on ocean acidification. Using a static two‐sector general equilibrium model we derive optimal rules for national taxes on emissions and agricultural run‐off and show how they depend on both isolated and interacting damage effects. In addition, we derive a second‐best rule for a tax on agricultural run‐off of fertilizers for the realistic case that effective internalization of externalities is lacking. The results contribute to a better understanding of the social costs of ocean acidification in coastal economies when there is interaction with other environmental stressors.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

Marginal environmental damages from emissions should be internalized by a tax on emissions that is high enough to not only reflect marginal damages from temperature increases, but also marginal damages from ocean acidification and the interaction of both with regional sources of acidification like nutrient run‐off from agriculture.
In the absence of serious national policies that fully internalize externalities, a sufficiently high tax on regional nutrient run‐off of fertilizers used in agricultural production can limit not only marginal environmental damages from nutrient run‐off but also account for unregulated carbon emissions.
Putting such regional policies in place that consider multiple important drivers of environmental change will be of particular importance for developing coastal economies that are likely to suffer the most from ocean acidification.
Food‐induced anaphylaxis morbidity: Emergency department and hospitalization data support preventive strategies
Authors: Tanno Luciana Kase , Clark Evangeline , Mamodaly Myriam , Cardona Victoria , Ebisawa Motohiro , Asontegui Ignacio , Sanchez‐Borges Mario , Santos Alexandra F. , Fiocchi Alessandro , Worm Margitta , Caimmi Davide , Latour Staffeld Patricia , Muraro Antonella , Pawankar Ruby , Greenberger Paul Allen , Thong Bernard Yu‐Hor , Martin Bryan , Demoly Pascal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaphylaxis is a recognized public health issue. There is no doubt that food‐induced anaphylaxis (FIA) has tremendous impact on the quality of life of patients and their families and increases direct and indirect costs. FIA is associated with increasing rates of emergency department admissions and hospitalizations and implies the risk of death. Morbidity epidemiological data are a key to tailor public health actions to this non‐communicable disease. The aim of this article was to review published morbidity epidemiological data relating to FIA and potential risk factors, in order to provide evidence‐based recommendations to reduce the risk of severe adverse outcomes.MethodsWe identified published studies available in PUBMED/MEDLINE (1966–2020), EMBASE (1980–2020) and CINAHL (1982–2020). The systematic review was carried out using MeSH terms related to FIA ED admissions and hospitalizations.ResultsA total of 25 articles were selected, 80% published in the last 5 years. After critical analysis of methodological and clinical characteristics reported in the data selected, we were able to propose preventive strategies.ConclusionAnaphylaxis is a recognized public health issue. FIA is associated with increasing rates of ED admissions and hospitalizations and imply in risk of death. More than reviewing and critically interpreting the key patterns related to FIA morbidity published data, we proposed strategies in order to promote quality care of patients suffering from FIA. Our World Health Organization Collaborative Center is deeply involved in this process, and we believe that the proposed strategies will inform future healthcare policies on anaphylaxis. The long‐term objective would be to improve clinical care and quality of life of patients and their families, and develop risk‐stratified, cost‐effective preventive measures.
Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn presenting as circular alopecia: a novel presentation
Authors: Xu Ziyang , Rubin Adam I. , Oboite Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSubcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) is an inflammatory disorder of the adipose tissue that commonly presents in neonates as tender subcutaneous nodules on the trunk and extremities with hypercalcemia as a potential complication. We report the case of a 3‐month‐old female who presented with circular alopecia of the scalp and was found to have histopathologically confirmed SCFN. Recognition of SCFN as a cause for alopecia in young infants may allow prompt screening for hypercalcemia and reduce the risk for associated morbidity and mortality.
Resisting Pessimism Traps: The Limits of Believing in Oneself*
Authors: Morton Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMembers of marginalized groups who desire to pursue ambitious ends that might lead them to overcome disadvantage often face evidential situations that do not support the belief that they will succeed. Such agents might decide, reasonably, that their efforts are better expended elsewhere. If an agent has a less risky, valuable alternative, then quitting can be a rational way of avoiding the potential costs of failure. However, in reaching this pessimistic conclusion, she adds to the evidence that formed the basis for her pessimism in the first place, not just for herself but for future agents who will be in a similar position as hers. This is a pessimism trap. Might believing optimistically against the evidence offer a way out? In this paper, I argue against practical and moral arguments to turn to optimism as a solution to pessimism traps. I suggest that these theories ignore the opportunity costs that agents pay when they settle on difficult long‐term ends without being sensitive to evidence of potential failure. The view I defend licenses optimism in a narrow range of cases. Its limitations show us that the right response to many pessimism traps is not to be found through individual optimism.