bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for Encroachment on State Real Estate، and its Downsides (Analytical Study)
Authors: Salih Rekan Farhan , Bakr Rebaz Ardalan 
Published: December 2021

The phenomenon of abuses on state real estate has exceeded all expectations، due to its increase for political، legal، economic and social reasons، as the state’s real estate has not been spared from encroachment on it in recent times، and the abuse has formed different patterns، the motive of which is according to its status the interests of the transgressors، which resulted in the time At the present time، and in particular after the fall of the defunct Baathist regime، the state's property was liberated، as there was no strong deterrent to it.
Despite the issuance of strict laws and decisions criminalizing and forbidding encroachment on state real estate، and with the presence of the executive and judicial authorities concerned with their application and implementation، the phenomenon of transgression is on the rise، which results in many negatives and on many levels، the most important of which is wasting public money and non-compliance and respect for the law، As well as the demographic change of cities.
The research dealt with these issues as an attempt to contribute to presenting the problem of abuse، and to provide solutions to it، In order to understand the aspects of the research، the study was divided into two sections، In the first section، we discuss the concept of encroachment on state real estate، As for the second topic، we are devoted to talking about the causes of encroachment on state real estate، We also conclude the research by mentioning the most important conclusions and recommendations.
The Constitutional and Legal Organization of the Supreme Constitutional Court in the Iraqi State for the Year 2005
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Ramadhan , Ahmed Ranyar Qadir 
Published: December 2021

The constitutional system in Iraq after the overthrow of the previous regime in 2003 witnessed major fundamental changes, which marked the end of a historical era, the advent of the beginning of a new phase of political and constitutional history, and the adoption of the federal (federal) system as a form of the new Iraqi state, where Iraq transformed from a simple state to a complex state. With the adoption of the democratic parliamentary system based on the principle of separation of powers and respect for the constitution by emphasizing the principle of the supremacy of the constitution as a system for the work of state authorities and the management of its various constitutional institutions.
If the constitutional distribution of competencies between the federal authorities is one of the essential characteristics of the federal systems, then one of the important features in the design of any federalism and its effective operation is to ensure the rule of law and the constitution as the source of powers, and in contrast, one of the authorities infringes on the powers of the other, which leads to a constitutional imbalance in the federalism And the matter that leads to its disintegration and its end, and in order to preserve this constitutional system, it is necessary to establish a supreme judicial body to ensure respect for the application of the constitutional principles of this system and not to be violated.
The federal system is characterized by the presence of a Supreme Constitutional Court that works to monitor the constitutionality of laws and chapters
In disputes between the central regions, it has the authority to interpret the Iraqi federal constitution, especially the interpretation of the constitutional rules related to the distribution of constitutional powers between the regions and the federal government.
Which is one of the thorny issues in the countries of the union, and on this basis in Iraq the foregoing was the establishment of the Federal Supreme Court, which was granted by the constitution judicial and political competencies in order to exercise its role in preserving the union and the balance of powers within it while preserving the constitution and safeguarding its principles.
Psychological Hardiness and its Relationship with the Superstition Thinking in SalahaddinUniversity Students
Authors: Awrahman Nawzad Ali , Salih Mustafa Yousef Hama 
Published: December 2021

The problem of the research، when the level of (Hardiness) is High، the individual enjoys good mental and somatic health، but، when the level of Hardiness is less، it may lead to a lack of logical analysis or challenge and control positions، a decrease in its commitment to its values، principles، the individual's sense of psychological helplessness، alienation، and the individuals perception will not be as clear as it is in reality. University students during the progress of this study are exposed to all sorts of pressures and obstacles. Too little of Hardiness leady to suffering ill health physically and mental، wthe a negative impact on effectiveness، efficiency and success in academic study.

The importance of the current research in the study has shown that the relationship between Hardiness and superstition thinking by many variables، including the (psychological pressure، self-esteem، social support، in the field of special forces on the battlefield military forces، in the field of sports، self-confidence، motivated by achievement، effective self، sex، self-concept and the control center). The aim of this study is to identify the psychological Hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples as a whole and to recognize the significance of differences in terms of the central premise levels، as well as levels of Hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples to identify the implications of the differences by gender، study stage and specialization (Scientific or Humanitarian)، and the relationship between hardiness and superstition thinking among the samples as a whole by gender variables and study stage. The scale of superstitious thinking and psychological hardness was used on a sample of (240) male and female students، with (120) males and (120) females.
The results showed significant levels of high psychological hardness and a decrease in superstitious thinking among the research sample of university students.
Ahilik Sisteminin Gelişimi ve Mali Yapısı ile 1872-1875 Yıllarına Ait Ahi Evran Vakfının Muhasebe Kayıtlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: BEKCİ İsmail , APALI Ali , ÇULCU Tuğba 
Published: December 2021

Ahilik Arapçada kardeş manası taşırken Türkçe’deki karşılığı ise cömert, konuksever ve yiğitliktir. Ahilik sisteminin amacı, insanların dayanışma ve yardımlaşma içinde bulunarak dürüst, gayretli, hayırsever, konuksever, cömert bireylerin oluşmasını sağlamaktır. Ayrıca ahilik sistemi, Türk topluluğunda birlik ve beraberliği de güçlendirdiği bilinmektedir. Ahilik sistemi zamanla iş ve meslek ahlakında uyulması gerekli olan kuralları yansıtmakta ve güçlü bir eğitim kuruluşu olduğu da görülmektedir. Sistem, XIII. asırda Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti döneminde doğmuş, Osmanlı Devleti döneminde 700 sene varlığını devam ettirmiş ve XVIII. asırdan sonra adının değişmesi ile “esnaf birliği” biçiminde kurumsallaşmıştır.
Bu çalışmada konu ahilik sistemi, ahilik sisteminin fonksiyonları, mali yapısı, vakıfları, Osmanlı Devleti öncesi ve Osmanlı Devleti dönemindeki ahilik sistemi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu konu kapsamında 1872 ve 1875 yıllarına ait Kırşehir Sancağı’nda faaliyet göstermiş olan Ahi Evran Vakfı’nın Muhasebe Kayıtlarının incelenmesi çalışmanın amacını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, ahilik sisteminde ahi zaviye ve vakıflarının büyük öneme sahip olduğu ve Osmanlı Devleti’nde XX. asra kadar devam eden ahilik sisteminin saygınlığı ve kâr oranlarının azalması ile varlığını zamanla kaybettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen belgelerin ağırlıklı olarak arazi gelirlerinin muhasebe kayıtlarının olduğu ve Der Liva-yı Kırşehri’ne ait 224 musakkafat ve 183 müstegallat olduğu ve 7 tane müstegallatın başkalarının sorumluluğunda olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca vakıflarda görev yapan kişilerin, maaş ve diğer ödemelerinin görevli oldukları bölgelerden tahsil edilen gelirlerden kesinti yapılarak karşılandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Makine Öğrenmesi Modelleri ile Ön lisans Öğrencilerinin Hangi Lise Türünden Mezun Olduklarının Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: KÜÇÜKERDEM Hüseyin , SÖNMEZ Yusuf , YILMAZ Cemal , SAYAN Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: December 2021

Çalışmanın kapsamını, makine öğrenmesinde sık kullanılan algoritmalardan olan; tree, random forest, logistic regression ve linear regression teknikleri ile iki ayrı sınıftan oluşan öğrenci grubunun hangi lise türünden mezun olduklarına yönelik tahminde bulunma örneği oluşturmaktadır.	Ön lisans elektronik ve otomasyon bölümünde okuyan bu öğrenci sınıflarından ilki elektronik haberleşme teknolojisi diğeri ise elektronik teknolojisi programı sınıfıdır. Sınıflandırmada belirleyici rol üstlenen beş ders seçilmiştir. Bu derslerden bazıları lise eğitiminde ortak görülen dersler olurken bazıları ise meslek lisesinin elektrik elektronik programlarında okutulan meslek derslerden oluşmaktadır. Örnek uygulamada öncelikle algoritma davranış farklılıklarının gözlemlenmesi hedeflenmiştir ve buna ek olarak da öğrencilerin farklı liselerden gelmiş olmaları bir kısım derste kendini başarı/başarısızlık olarak ortaya çıkarıyor mu? Sorunsalına cevap bulmaktır.
PENILAIAN KESEHATAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Rendy Rendy Mirwan Aspirandi , Sumowo Seno 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat kesehatan perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Effek Indonesia berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Badan Usaha Milik Negara Nomor: KEP-100/MBU/2002. Penelitian ini dinilai sangat penting karena dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19 di tahun 2020 ini, banyak perusahaan khususnya BUMN yang aktivitas operasionalnya terganggu.
Penelitian ini berlandaskan Signaling Theory. Signaling Theory atau Teori sinyal ini merupakan konsep ketika terbit sebuah informasi, maka informasi tersbeut dianggap sinyal oleh para investor. Tata cara penilaian mendasarkan pada Keputusan Menteri Badan Usaha Milik Negara Nomor: KEP-100/MBU/2002.
Populasi dan Sampel penelitian adalah 22 perusahaan BUMN yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Deskriptif.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa BUMN yang berpredikat SEHAT dengan total SKOR tertinggi adalah SMGR dengan nilai 91. Sebaliknya BUMN yang berpredikat KURANG SEHAT dengan total SKOR terendah adalah JSMR dengan nilai 42,6. Hasil tersebut memberikan sinyal kepada para investor bahwa BUMN dengan kondisi SEHAT akan lebih dapat bertahan di tengah persaingan bisnis saat Pandemi Covid-19, sebaliknya BUMN dengan kondisi KURANG SEHAT akan lebih besar risiko kebangkrutannya sehingga sinyal yang diberikan adalah untuk menghindarinya.
TRACER STUDY PROGRAM STUDI S1 (STRATA-1) AKUNTANSI FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MATARAM TAHUN 2020
Authors: Suryantara Adhitya Bayu , Suhaedi Wirawan , Baiq Anggun Hilendri Lestari  
Published: December 2021

Tracer study berguna untuk memantau lulusan dan mengetahui relevansi kompetensi lulusan Program Studi / Jurusan S1 Akuntansi dengan kebutuhan stakeholder.Terdapat tiga (3) tujuan utama dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui:1) penilaian stakeholders terhadap kinerja alumni; 2)Lama masa tunggu alumni sampai mendapatkan pekerjaan pertamanya; 3) Relevansi antara kurikulum dengan kebutuhan stakeholders. Tujuan tersebut akan dicapai dengan cara melakukan penelusuran (Tracer) pada Stakeholder yang ada di Kota Mataram. Kinerja alumni Prodi S1 akuntansi menurut stakeholders adalah sangat baik. Masa tunggu alumni sampai mendapatkan pekerjaan pertamanya adalah 4 bulan. Relevansi antara kurikulum dengan kebutuhan stakeholder sudah cukup sesuai, yang bisa dilihat dengan layaknya lulusan Program Studi S1 Akuntansi untuk bekerja pada berbagai organisasi, baik swasta maupun pemerintahan.
Android APK Identification using Non Neural Network and Neural Network Classifier
Authors: Hindarto Djarot , Handri Santoso  
Published: December 2021

Currently adoption of mobile phones and mobile applications based on Android operating system is increasing rapidly. Many companies and emerging startups are carrying out digital transformation by using mobile applications to provide disruptive digital services to replace existing old styled services. This transformation prompted the attackers to create malicious software (malware) using sophisticate methods to target victims of Android mobile phone users. The purpose of this study is to identify Android APK files by classifying them using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Non Neural Network (NNN). The ANN is Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier (MLPC), while the NNN are KNN, SVM, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression and Naïve Bayes methods. The results show that the performance using NNN has decreasing accuracy when training using larger datasets. The use of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm with a dataset of 600 APKs achieves an accuracy of 91.2% and dataset of 14170 APKs achieves an accuracy of 88%. The using of the Support Vector Machine algorithm with the 600 APK dataset has an accuracy of 99.1% and the 14170 APK dataset has an accuracy of 90.5%. The using of the Decision Tree algorithm with the 600 APK dataset has an accuracy of 99.2%, the 14170 APK dataset has an accuracy of 90.8%. The experiment using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier has increasing with the 600 APK dataset reaching 99%, the 7000 APK dataset reaching 100% and the 14170 APK dataset reaching 100%.
The Mathematical Model for searching the Shortest Route for TB Patients with the help of Dijkstra’s Algorithm
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Ayoub , Shahid Muhammad , Khawar Hammad 
Published: December 2021

In this research paper, we have studied TB (Tuberculosis) patients who come from different traffic routes in order to seek medical help and treatment in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. In this research work, we have focused on the transportation problems of the TB patients. These TB patients can travel on the paths having minimum distance as found out in this paper using Dijktra’s Algorithm.
People hope that they have better treatment opportunities and financial medical relief in the government and private hospitals in Karachi. There are many private hospitals in the city but unfortunately, they provide expensive treatments. As a consequence, people belonging to the poor or lower and middle classes approach government hospitals adequately. Among them, Nazimabad Chest Hospital for TB patients (under the supervision of Dow University of Health Sciences) is providing better facilities as compared to the other hospitals involved in providing medical treatments for the similar medical issues. Nazimabad Chest Hospital for TB patients is renowned for its high quality treatment of TB patients. The hospital is located inside Government Hospital Nazimabad (under the control of Dow University), Karachi. It has latest equipments, competent and qualified staff to treat TB patients. Patients have to visit the hospital on weekly basis from their homes and residences. They use several combinations of traffic routes to reach the hospital as these patients live in different areas like, Malir Cantt, Safari Park, Hassan Square, North-Nazimabad, North Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, etc. A path or road is required which takes the least amount of time and subsequently reduces the transportation charges. In this paper, an effort has been made to locate the shortest route for the convenience for these TB patients. In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed by using the method of Dijkstra’s algorithm to attain the desired objective.
Ten-Year Experience in the Treatment of Coarctation of the Aorta through Endovascular Stenting in Patients of Different Age Groups
Authors: Cherpak Bogdan V. , Ditkivskyy Igor O. , Yashchuk Nataliia S. , Yermolovych Yuliia V. , Golovenko Oleksandr S. , Panichkin Yuriy V. 
Published: December 2021

The aim. To analyze the 10-year experience in aortic coarctation endovascular stenting in patients of different age groups.
Materials and methods. Examination and endovascular treatment of 194 patients aged 3 days to 60 years with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with different anatomical and morphological variants was performed. According to the age criterion, the examined patients were divided into 4 study groups. The first group consisted of 84 patients (43.3%) over 25 years of age, group 2 included 33 patients (17.0%) aged 19 to 25 years, group 3 included 71 patients (36.6%) aged 5 to 18 years, and group 4 included 6 patients (3.1%) under 1 year of age.
Results and discussion. We presented the clinical features of different anatomical and morphological variants of CoA. Endovascular treatment of CoA with stenting is considered the best method for adolescents and adults, due to the lower risk of aneurysm formation compared to balloon angioplasty. We were able to successfully reduce the invasive pressure gradient in patients of different ages and to establish the dependence of complication rate on the stent type used. The most common complications were aneurysm formation (2.1%) and stent migration (2.1%). Complications occurred more often in cases of uncovered stents compared to stent grafts (5.3% and 2.1%, respectively, p <0.05). No cases of hospital mortality were recorded in patients older than 5 years. Seven endovascular procedures were performed in 5 patients aged 3 days to 11 months (mean age 3.5 ± 1.6 months) with combined heart defects. Complications were documented in 1 child (20.0%). Endovascular intervention in pregnant women is indicated in refractory hypertension. We performed endovascular CoA stenting in 4 pregnant women at 15–23 weeks of gestation (average, 19.8 ± 3.1 weeks), and in 6 women with well-controlled hypertension stenting was performed within 48 hours to 5 years after delivery. In all the presented cases, successful revascularization was achieved. During follow-up (from 2 months to 10 years), all 10 women are alive, did not develop recoarctation or complications.
Conclusions. The results of the analysis of CoA endovascular treatment showed that the chosen method and technique of intervention is appropriate and safe for patients of all ages, including pregnant women. Based on the results obtained, we have developed an algorithm for the management of patients who, according to clinical examination and echocardiography, were diagnosed with CoA during pregnancy.
The Use of Protective Ventilation in Post-COVID Respiratory Failure
Authors: Koltunova Hanna B. , Voitiuk Vitalii V. , Chyzh Kostiantyn P. 
Published: December 2021

Implementation of the principles of protective ventilation in the intensive care of respiratory failure in patients after COVID-19 can improve the results of treatment of patients with cardiosurgical abnormalities, namely the implementation of surgical treatment in the post-COVID-19 period. The widespread occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the world has led to a sharp decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries and had a negative impact on treatment outcomes.
Case description. Patient P., 62 years old, underwent examination and treatment from February 18 to March 3, 2021 at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine with a diagnosis of infective endocarditis of the aortic valve. Aortic insufficiency. Acute heart failure. Grade III respiratory failure. Condition after bilateral polysegmental COVID-19 pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GOLD 2. After aortic valve replacement, plasty of aortic root abscess due to infective endocarditis of the aortic valve, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for further treatment. In the postoperative period, respiratory failure was observed. Given the COVID-19 pneumonia, mechanical ventilation was performed according to the recommendations for protective ventilation. The duration of mechanical ventilation was 72 hours, followed by a successful transition to self-breathing.
Conclusions. Given the initial condition of the patient with COVID-19 pneumonia, protective lung ventilation is reasonable after cardiac surgery. This issue needs further study.
Complications of Surgical Treatment of Aortic Arch Hypoplasia in Infants
Authors: Truba Iaroslav P. , Dziuryi Ivan V. , Sekelyk Roman I. , Golovenko Oleksandr S. , Lazoryshynets Vasyl V. 
Published: December 2021

Aortic arch surgery in neonatal patients remains problematic despite the constant evolution and improvement of treatment methods. Even after successful correction, complications associated with aortic arch reconstruction are more common in young children. This is especially true for newborns and infants with concomitant complex congenital intracardiac abnormalities. Despite the risk of postoperative complications, the risk of surgical treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia is lower than the cumulative hazards associated with the natural course of this defect. That is why pediatric cardiologists are obliged to constantly monitor the operated patients in order to timely identify and treat complications.
The aim. To analyze the complications in the early and remote postoperative periods after the reconstruction of the aortic arch in the neonatal period.
Materials and methods. The work is based on a study of 445 patients under 1 year of age, who underwent surgical treatment of aortic arch hypoplasia from 2010 to 2019. The criterion for inclusion in the study group was the presence of isolated hypoplasia of the aortic arch and combination with other defects, which were corrected by two-ventricular repair. The majority of the treated patients were male (284 [63.8% of the total number of patients]). The median age of the patients was 0.7 months (0.3; 2.7). The median body weight of the patients was 3.7 kg (3.25; 4.59).
Results. At the hospital stage, 12 patients died, which accounted for 3.1% of the entire cohort of operated patients. Complications occurring at the hospital stage were recorded in 75 (16.8%) patients. In the long term, a complicated course was observed in 72 (16.6%) children. Among them, the most frequent complications were: respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (36.9%), dilated sternum due to severe heart failure (17.4%), diaphragmatic paresis (8.7%), chylothorax (5.4%). In the long term, 47 (10.5%) patients developed aortic arch restenosis, which required reinterventions. The proportion of patients without reoperations in the follow-up period according to the KaplanMeier analysis was 93.4% after 1 year, 91.2% after 4 years, and 76.5% after 9 years. Residual hypertension requiring medical treatment was reported in 59 (13.2%) patients.
Conclusions. Aortic arch hypoplasia is a complex congenital heart disease; its surgical treatment is accompanied by the development of complications both in the early and in the long-term period. The main complications at the hospital stage were respiratory and heart failures which were associated with the presence and correction of concomitant congenital heart defects. The main complication of the follow-up period was reobstruction at the level of the aortic arch. Anatomical correction of reobstruction is safe with both endovascular and surgical treatments.