bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Isotope Analysis of Igneous Reference Materials using a Double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS Method
Authors: LI Jin , TANG Suohan , ZHU Xiangkun , MA Jianxiong , ZHAO Xinmiao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTi separation was achieved by ion‐exchange chromatography using Bio‐Rad AG 1‐X8 anion‐exchange and DGA resins. For high‐Fe/Ti and high‐Mg/Ti igneous samples, a three‐column procedure was required, whereas a two‐column procedure was used for low‐Fe/Ti and low‐Mg/Ti igneous samples. The Ti isotopes were analysed by MC‐ICP‐MS, and instrumental mass bias was corrected using a 47Ti‐49Ti double‐spike technique. The 47Ti‐49Ti double‐spike and SRM 3162a were calibrated using SRM 979‐Cr, certificated value 53Cr/52Crtrue = 0.11339. Isobaric interference was evaluated by analysing Alfa‐Ti doped with Na, Mg, Ca, and Mo, and results indicate that high concentrations of Na and Mg have no significant effect on Ti isotope analyses; however, Ca and Mo interferences lead to erroneous δ49/47Ti values when Ca/Ti and Mo/Ti ratios exceed 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. Titanium isotopic compositions were determined for 12 igneous reference materials, BCR‐2, BHVO‐2, GBW07105, AGV‐1, AGV‐2, W‐2, GBW07123, GBW07126, GBW07127, GBW07101, JP‐1, and DTS‐2b. Samples yield δ49/47Ti (‰) of −0.035 ± 0.022, −0.038 ± 0.031, 0.031 ± 0.022, 0.059 ± 0.038, 0.044 ± 0.037, 0.000 ± 0.015, 0.154 ± 0.044, −0.044 ± 0.018, 0.010 ± 0.022, 0.064 ± 0.043, 0.169 ± 0.034, and −0.047 ± 0.025 (relative to OL‐Ti, ±2SD), respectively; of which isotopic compositions of DTS‐2b, JP‐1, GBW07101, GBW07105, GBW07123, GBW07126, and GBW07127 are reported for the first time. Standard Alfa‐Ti was analysed repeatedly over a ten‐month period, indicating a reproducibility of ±0.047 (2SD) for δ49/47Ti, similar to the precisions obtained for geochemical reference materials.
Middle Permian Mixed Siliciclastic‐Carbonate System on the Northwestern Margin of the Indian Plate, Pakistan: Implications for Paleoclimate and Carbonate Platform Evolution
Authors: WADOOD Bilal , KHAN Suleman , LI Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate system that responds to changes in Permian climate and subsequent carbonate platform evolution is investigated using microscopic details of the Middle Permian Amb Formation (Fm.), in Saiyiduwali section, Khisor Range, northern Pakistan. Thin sections were made from rocks throughout the stratigraphic section of the Amb Fm. and analyzed with an emphasis on carbonate and clastic microfacies, and the latter interpreted within the existing chronostratigraphic framework. Outcrop observations reveal that the units comprise coarse‐grained, channelized, ripple‐marked, and burrowed sandstone and sandy, fossiliferous limestone with minor marls and shale intercalations, suggesting deposition in a subaqueous tide‐dominated delta to beach barrier. Based on the determined seven microfacies coupled with outcrop observation, the Amb Fm. was deposited in a tide‐influenced subaqueous delta to middle shelf environment under fluctuating sea level. The deposition of compositionally mature sandstone in the lower part of the formation suggests reworking of detritus from the rift shoulders and an adjacent source area with an ambient warm and humid climate. The stratal mixing of carbonates and compositionally mature siliciclastic units in the middle part suggest deposition under tectonic and climate‐induced terrigenous and carbonate fluxes to the basin. Thus the deposition shows a perfect transition from clastic‐dominated deltaic to pure carbonate platform settings as a result of warm climate and tectonics. This Middle Permian warming is confirmed by sea‐level rise and the presence of a temperature‐sensitive fusulinid fauna in association with photozoan‐based ooids. Deposition of the Amb Fm. and establishment of a carbonate platform are envisaged to be associated with major rifting of northern Gondwana, which subsequently resulted in the development of a rift basin at the passive margin of the NW Indian Plate then in northern Pakistan.
Petrogenesis, Geodynamics and Radioactivity of the Granitic Rocks of the Nugrus Weakness Zone, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: ABU ELATTA Abdallah Mahmoud Soliman , MANSOUR Gehad M.R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe studied granitic bodies belong to the south Eastern Desert of Egypt. They extend in a NNW–SSE trend along the same strike of the Nugrus weakness zone by which they are structurally controlled. These rocks are composed of biotite and biotite‐muscovite monzogranites to syenogranites. Geochemically, a higher abundance of Ba and Rb in biotite granites with a relatively low abundance in biotite‐muscovite granites as well as the diversity of Th, U, Nb, Ta, Zr, and REE reflects their origin from different sources and geodynamic settings. The biotite granites are predominantly metaluminous to low peraluminous whereas the biotite‐muscovite granites have a peraluminous nature. Potassium enrichment at the expense of calcium in these rocks reflects a derivation from crustal sources by partial melting in the presence of a volatile system. Radiometric investigation showed high abundances of U (up to 38 ppm) and Th (up to 26 ppm) in biotite‐muscovite granites relative to biotite granites (up to 5 ppm U and 18 ppm Th). Radioactive anomalies furthermore have been recorded in parts of biotite‐muscovite granites that were affected by the faults (up to 116 ppm eU and 97 ppm eTh). Consequently, biotite‐muscovite granites form a potentially fertile source for uranium mineralization.
Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of the Mylonite Xenoliths and Monzogranite Rocks at Wadi Abu Rusheid, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: Insights on the Genesis of Mineralization
Authors: KAMAR Mohamed Salem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbu Rusheid area lie in the south of the Eastern Desert of Egypt and comprises (1) ophiolitic mélange, consisting of ultramafic rocks and layered metagabbros in metasedimentary matrix (2) cataclastic group, consisting of protomylonites, mylonites, ultramylonites and silicified ultramylonites (3) monzogranites (4) pegmatite pockets, quartz veins and post‐granite dykes. Focus on the monzogranites and the xenoliths of mylonite rocks from the geochemical and mineralogical points of view introduces a new view about the genesis of the related mineralization. Geochemically, the monzogranites have a metaluminous character and were crystallized under moderate water‐vapor pressure around 3 kb and temperatures of 750–800°C. The monzogranites are altered along strike‐slip faults exhibiting propylitic, with slightly sodic metasomatism and record high radioactive measurements. The average uranium and thorium (U and Th) contents in fresh monzogranites, mylonite xenolith and altered monzogranites are (7.3, 21.20), (40.36, 94.82), (60.34 and 347.88 ppm), respectively. These high radioactivities are attributed to the presence of kasolite, uranothorite, cerite, fluorite, zircon, apatite and columbite. The mylonite xenolith is higher in radioactivity than the surrounding fresh monzogranites, reflecting U and Th enrichment before emplacement of the monzogranites, then the latter were subjected to right lateral strike‐slip faulting with producing hydrothermal solution rich in Th and U.
Selling strategic information in digital competitive markets
Authors: Bounie David , Dubus Antoine , Waelbroeck Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the strategies of a data broker selling information to one or to two competing firms. The data broker combines segments of the consumer demand that allow firms to third‐degree price discriminate consumers. We show that the data broker (1) sells information on consumers with the highest willingness to pay; (2) keeps consumers with low willingness to pay unidentified. The data broker strategically chooses to withhold information on consumer demand to soften competition between firms. These results hold under first‐degree price discrimination, which is a limit case when information is perfect.
Guest editors’ foreword
Authors: Bonnéric Julie , Crassard Rémy , Al‐Duwaish Sultan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis special issue of Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy is the result of the conference ‘Archaeological Failaka, Recent and Ongoing Investigations’ organised at the National Library of Kuwait by the National Council for Culture, Arts, and Letters (NCCAL) of the State of Kuwait and the French Research Center of the Arabian Peninsula (CEFREPA, formerly known as CEFAS) between 26 and 28 November 2019. Not less than 13 articles on the archaeology of Failaka offer an overview of the most recent works on sites dating from its first occupation in the Bronze Age to the late Islamic period. It provides a new insight into the rich history of Failaka – an island explored by Kuwaiti and international teams since the 1950’s and that was connected with Mesopotamia, Iran, the Near East and India – and begin to fill in some gaps, in particular concerning the late Islamic period, the pottery studies, the long‐distance trade and the geomorphology of the island.
Penetrating colonic trauma and damage control surgery: Anastomosis or stoma?
Authors: Oosthuizen George , Buitendag Johan , Variawa Saffiya , Čačala Sharon , Kong Victor , Xu William , Clarke Damian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe management of colon injuries in damage control surgery (DCS) remains controversial.MethodsA retrospective study investigating outcomes of penetrating colonic trauma in patients who survived beyond the initial repeat laparotomy (IRL) after DCS was performed. Patients over 18 years with penetrating colon injury and who underwent DCS from 2012 to 2020 were included from our electronic trauma registry. Demographic data, admission physiology and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were reviewed. Patients were classified into three groups: primary repair of non‐destructive injuries at DCL, delayed anastomosis of destructive injuries at IRL and diversion of destructive injuries at IRL. Outcomes observed included leak rates, length of intensive care unit stay, length of hospital stay, morbidities, mortality and colon‐related mortality.ResultsOut of 584 patients with penetrating colonic trauma, 89 (15%) underwent DCS. After exclusions, 74 patients were analysed. Mean age was 32.8 years (SD 12.5); 67 (91%) were male. Mechanism of injury was gunshot in 63 (85%) and stab 11 (15%) patients. Seventeen patients underwent primary repair at DCS, of which one leaked. Twenty patients underwent delayed anastomosis at IRL. Of these, five (25%) developed leaks. Mortality was significantly higher for those with an anastomotic leak compared to those without (p < 0.001). Thirty‐seven patients were diverted at IRL. Overall mortality (p = 0.622) and colon‐related mortality (p = 0.592) were not significantly different across groups.ConclusionDelayed anastomosis at IRL following DCL was associated with a leak rate of 25% in this study. When anastomotic leak did occur, it was associated with significant mortality. Delayed anastomosis should only be undertaken in highly selected patients.
Open versus laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of diverticular colovesical fistulas: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trejo‐Avila Mario , Vergara‐Fernández Omar 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the evidence regarding open versus laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of diverticular colovesical fistula (CVF) in terms of perioperative outcomes.MethodsA systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases for studies comparing laparoscopic versus open surgery for CVF. We pooled odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) using random or fixed effects models.ResultsFive non‐randomized studies with 227 patients met the inclusion criteria. All were retrospective studies, published between 2014 and 2020. For laparoscopic surgery, the pooled rate for conversion to laparotomy was 36%. Laparoscopic and open procedures required similar operative time (MD: −11.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −51.41 to 28.16). No difference was found in terms of stoma rates between laparoscopic and open surgery (OR: 1.12; 95% CI 0.44–2.86). Overall, the rate of total postoperative complications was lower in the laparoscopic group (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.30–0.99). The pooled analysis showed equivalent rates of anastomotic leaks (OR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.15–2.45), surgical site infections (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.19–1.01), and mortality (OR: 0.18; 95% CI 0.03–1.15). The length of stay was significantly reduced with laparoscopic surgery (MD: −2.89; 95% CI −4.20 to −1.58).ConclusionAmong patients with CVF, the laparoscopic approach appears to have shorter hospital length of stay, with no differences in anastomotic leaks, surgical site infections, stoma rates, and mortality, when compared with open surgery.
Feeding cashew nut shell liquid decreases methane production from feces by altering fecal bacterial and archaeal communities in Thai local ruminants
Authors: Tamori Koya , Matsunaga Bungo , Boonsaen Phoompong , Khongpradit Anchalee , Sawanon Suriya , Nagashima Kyo , Koike Satoshi , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect of feeding cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on fecal fermentation products and microbiota was investigated in Thai native cattle and swamp buffaloes. Four of each animal were fed rice straw and concentrate diet with control pellets without CNSL for 4 weeks, followed by the same diet with pellets containing CNSL for another 4 weeks, so that CNSL was administered at a level of 4 g/100 kg body weight. Feces were collected the last 2 days in each feeding period. CNSL alkyl phenols were recovered from feces (16%–28%) in a similar proportion to those in the diet, indicating that most functional anacardic acid was not selectively removed throughout the digestive tract. In vitro production of gas from feces, particularly methane, decreased with CNSL feeding. The proportion of acetate in feces decreased with CNSL feeding, whereas that of propionate increased, without affecting total short‐chain fatty acid concentration. CNSL feeding changed fecal microbial community, particularly in swamp buffaloes, which exhibited decreases in the frequencies of Treponema, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Methanomassiliicoccaceae. These results suggest that CNSL feeding alters not only rumen fermentation but also hindgut fermentation via modulation of the microbial community, thereby potentially attenuating methane emission from the feces of ruminant animals.
Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract in creeping water bugs (Heteroptera: Naucoridae)
Authors: Munhoz Igor Luiz Araújo , Serrão José Eduardo , Melo Alan Lane de , Martins Luiza Carla Barbosa , Araújo Vinícius Albano 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCreeping water bugs (Naucoridae) are predatory aquatic insects widely distributed in the Neotropical region. This study describes the structure of the male reproductive tract in two species, Limnocoris porphyros Nieser & Lopez Ruf, 2001 (Limnocorinae) and Pelocoris subflavus Montandon, 1898 (Naucorinae), under light microscopy. Both in L. porphyros and P. subflavus, the reproductive tract of sexually mature males consists of a pair of testes, efferent ducts, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, two pairs of accessory glands, and an ejaculatory duct. Each testis has seven follicles. Deferent ducts were long with a dilation forming the seminal vesicle. Post‐vesicular deferent ducts were long, coiled, and contained spermatozoa. Characters derived from anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract in the two species, expand the knowledge on reproductive biology and provide new data that can enhance behavioural research and contribute to understand the evolutionary history of aquatic Heteroptera.
Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study
Authors: Hill Geena M. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Daniels Jaret C. , Bateman Craig C. , Scheffers Brett R. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTButterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life‐history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate‐based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
Enhancement of epidermal growth factor receptor antibody tumor immunotherapy by glutaminyl cyclase inhibition to interfere with CD47/signal regulatory protein alpha interactions
Authors: Baumann Niklas , Rösner Thies , Jansen J. H. Marco , Chan Chilam , Marie Eichholz Klara , Klausz Katja , Winterberg Dorothee , Müller Kristina , Humpe Andreas , Burger Renate , Peipp Matthias , Schewe Denis M. , Kellner Christian , Leusen Jeanette H. W. , Valerius Thomas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntegrin associated protein (CD47) is an important target in immunotherapy, as it is expressed as a “don't eat me” signal on many tumor cells. Interference with its counter molecule signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), expressed on myeloid cells, can be achieved with blocking Abs, but also by inhibiting the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC) with small molecules. Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition reduces N‐terminal pyro‐glutamate formation of CD47 at the SIRPα binding site. Here, we investigated the impact of QC inhibition on myeloid effector cell‐mediated tumor cell killing by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Abs and the influence of Ab isotypes. SEN177 is a QC inhibitor and did not interfere with EGFR Ab‐mediated direct growth inhibition, complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, or Ab‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by mononuclear cells. However, binding of a human soluble SIRPα‐Fc fusion protein to SEN177 treated cancer cells was significantly reduced in a dose‐dependent manner, suggesting that pyro‐glutamate formation of CD47 was affected. Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition in tumor cells translated into enhanced Ab‐dependent cellular phagocytosis by macrophages and enhanced ADCC by polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes. Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocyte‐mediated ADCC was significantly more effective with EGFR Abs of human IgG2 or IgA2 isotypes than with IgG1 Abs, proposing that the selection of Ab isotypes could critically affect the efficacy of Ab therapy in the presence of QC inhibition. Importantly, QC inhibition also enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR Abs in vivo. Together, these results suggest a novel approach to specifically enhance myeloid effector cell‐mediated efficacy of EGFR Abs by orally applicable small molecule QC inhibitors.
‘Periodontal health and disease in an older population: A 10‐year longitudinal study’
Authors: Edman Kristina , Norderyd Ola , Holmlund Anders 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate alveolar bone loss (ABL), which is an indicator of periodontitis, and to identify risk factors for ABL in an older population between 2008 and 2018.MethodsThis longitudinal study used data from a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination administered on two occasions ten years apart to 273 individuals who were 65 years and 75 years in 2008.ResultsThe mean number of teeth decreased significantly over the ten‐year study period, while the proportion of individuals with calculus and moderate ABL visible on radiographs increased. For both ages, the number of teeth decreased by a mean of 2 teeth. The proportions of participants reporting poor general health, daily medication, xerostomia, living singly, visiting dental care irregularly and being in need of extra support in their homes all increased over the observation period.ConclusionsDespite an increased progression of moderate alveolar bone loss, a fairly good dentition and chewing capacity was retained in this older population. However, the individual's age and fragility are important indicators that need to be considered when planning oral health care and the availability of dental care.
A critical review of the compassionate conservation debate
Authors: Coghlan Simon , Cardilini Adam P. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCompassionate conservation holds that compassion should transform conservation. It has prompted heated debate and has been criticized strongly. We reviewed the debate to characterize compassionate conservation and to philosophically analyze critiques that are recurring and that warrant further critical attention. The necessary elements of compassionate conservation relate to the moral value of sentient animals and conservation and to science and conservation practice. Although compassionate conservation has several nontraditional necessary conditions, it also importantly allows a degree of pluralism in values and scientific judgment regarding animals and conservation practice. We identified 52 specific criticisms from 11 articles that directly critique compassionate conservation. We closely examined 33 of these because they recurred regularly or included substantial questions that required further response. Critics criticized compassionate conservation's ethical foundations, scientific credentials, clarity of application, understanding of compassion, its alleged threat to conservation and biodiversity. Some criticisms, we found, are question begging, confused, or overlook conceptual complexity. These criticisms raise questions for critics and proponents, regarding, for example, equal versus differential intrinsic moral value of different sentient animals (including humans), problems of natural and human‐caused suffering of wild animals and predation, and the acceptability of specific conservation practices within compassionate conservation. By addressing recurring and faulty critiques of compassionate conservation and identifying issues for compassionate conservation to address, this review provides a clearer basis for crucial ongoing interdisciplinary dialogue about ethics, values, and conservation.