bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer and generalization of learned manipulation between unimanual and bimanual tasks
Authors: Lee-Miller Trevor , Santello Marco , Gordon Andrew M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSuccessful object manipulation, such as preventing object roll, relies on the modulation of forces and centers of pressure (point of application of digits on each grasp surface) prior to lift onset to generate a compensatory torque. Whether or not generalization of learned manipulation can occur after adding or removing effectors is not known. We examined this by recruiting participants to perform lifts in unimanual and bimanual grasps and analyzed results before and after transfer. Our results show partial generalization of learned manipulation occurred when switching from a (1) unimanual to bimanual grasp regardless of object center of mass, and (2) bimanual to unimanual grasp when the center of mass was on the thumb side. Partial generalization was driven by the modulation of effectors’ center of pressure, in the appropriate direction but of insufficient magnitude, while load forces did not contribute to torque generation after transfer. In addition, we show that the combination of effector forces and centers of pressure in the generation of compensatory torque differ between unimanual and bimanual grasping. These findings highlight that (1) high-level representations of learned manipulation enable only partial learning transfer when adding or removing effectors, and (2) such partial generalization is mainly driven by modulation of effectors’ center of pressure.
Obesity, metabolic health, and urological disorders in adults: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Jong Keun , Lee Young Goo , Han Kyungdo , Han Jun Hyun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe evaluate the risks of various urological disorders that require treatments according to obesity and metabolic health status using a nationwide dataset of the Korean population. 3,969,788 patients who had undergone health examinations were enrolled. Participants were classified as “obese” (O) or “non-obese” (NO) using a BMI cut-off of 25 kg/m2. People who developed ≥ 1 metabolic disease component in the index year were considered “metabolically unhealthy” (MU), while those with none were considered “metabolically healthy” (MH). There were classified into the MHNO, MUNO, MHO, and MUO group. In BPH, chronic renal disease, neurogenic bladder, any medication related to voiding dysfunction, alpha-blocker, and antidiuretics, age and gender-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was highest in MUO, but higher in MUNO than in MHO. In stress incontinence, prostate surgery, and 5alpha-reductase, HR increased in the order of MUNO, MHO, and MUO. In prostatitis, anti-incontinence surgery, and cystocele repair, HR was higher in MHO than MUNO and MUO. In cystitis, cystostomy, and anticholinergics, HR was higher in MUNO and MUO than MHO. In conclusion, obesity and metabolic health were individually or collaboratively involved in urological disorders related to voiding dysfunction. Metabolic healthy obesity needs to be distinguished in the diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders.
En-face analysis of short posterior ciliary arteries crossing the sclera to choroid using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lejoyeux R. , Atia R. , Vupparaboina K. K. , Ibrahim M. N. , Suthaharan S. , Sahel J. A. , Dansingani K. K. , Chhablani J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo study the topographic distribution of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) entry sites into the choroid in normal eyes using structural en-face swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT scans (wide-field structural SS-OCT 12 × 12 mm) of 13 healthy subjects was performed. Cross-sectional swept-source OCT scans derived from a volume scan were represented as en-face image display following the Choroid-Scleral Interface to obtain en-face OCT. SPCAs in their last scleral location before choroidal entrance were identified manually, counted and localized by two masked observers. Correlations between two masked observers were analyzed using inter- and intra-class correlation. Accuracy for the choroidal inner and outer border segmentation was 95–99%. Eighteen eyes from 13 normal subjects were included for SPCA analysis. The mean number of arteries was 13.8 ± 3.5 per eye. Thirty-six percent were in the center of the posterior pole image; however, 21% were in the temporal part of the posterior pole. Median accuracy of the detection is 0.94. The correlation between the two observers was fair (0.54). Our algorithm allows visualization of the SPCA at the posterior pole of the eye using wide-field en-face SS-OCT. It can also help the clinicians to study the SPCAs in numerous ocular diseases, particularly its relationship with focal choroidal diseases.
The relationship between metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Kim Bongseong , Han Kyungdo , Kim Soo Whan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere has been a need for research on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using large data such as nationwide population-based data that adjusts important confounding factors. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between MetS and OSAS. The data source we used was the National Health Insurance Service claims database managed by the Republic of Korea government, in which 10,113,560 individuals were enrolled in 2009 and followed up until 2018. The independent association of MetS with the risk of OSAS was determined using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular physical exercise, and body mass index. Our results showed that MetS were strongly associated to OSAS which was adjusted for several confounding factors. Also, we found men, increased waist circumference and increased triglyceride are important risk factors for OSAS.
Pattern of hydromorphone use in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Central Region (KAMC-CR)
Authors: Alhabardi Saja , Almodaimegh Hind , Alammari Maha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHydromorphone is a semi-synthetic opioid that acts mainly on the μ-opioid receptor. Hydromorphone has a fast onset of action, usually within 5 min, and its effectiveness peaks at approximately 20 min, which makes it favourable in the postoperative setting. It plays a role in the management of moderate to severe chronic pain. The most common adverse effects of hydromorphone are hypotension, bradycardia, and respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to determine the trend in the use of hydromorphone analgesics and to evaluate hydromorphone-related toxicity in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Central Region (KAMC-CR). A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out in KAMC-CR, and medical and pharmacological data were retrieved from electronic health records for adult patients who used hydromorphone between December 2014 and December 2015. The characteristics of the enrolled patients, including measured blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, and pain severity score, were collected. Moreover, we identified patients who received naloxone as a hydromorphone antidote. A total of 153 patients were included; 64.1% were male and 35.8% were female. The mean age of the included patients was 55.5 years old (+/− 18.6). Although the majority of patients reported an improvement in pain severity, 75 patients (49%) needed naloxone to overcome adverse effects of hydromorphone. The mean age of patients who received naloxone was 56.2 years old (+/− 20.5), their mean weight was 75.9 kg (+/− 17.2), and 61.3% of them were male (n = 46). Among those who received naloxone, 84% patients (n = 63) had received hydromorphone intravenously. The risk of respiratory depression was significantly higher in patients who received hydromorphone intravenously (IV) than in those who received it orally (p = 0.02). Hydromorphone can have adverse effect. Thus, we recommend evaluating cardiac parameters, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, and pain severity before administering hydromorphone, particularly in patients who have a high risk of cardiorespiratory adverse events, such as patients with cardiac disease, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Additionally, we recommend the use of appropriate hydromorphone doses in cases of conversion from other opioid therapy or changes between oral and IV routes of the administration of hydromorphone. Moreover, we recommend establishing a policy to restrict the prescription of hydromorphone to avoid the overuse of hydromorphone and minimize the risk of adverse effects and medication errors.
CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Authors: Lien Chia-En , Lin Yi-Jiun , Chen Charles , Lian Wei-Cheng , Kuo Tsun-Yung , Campbell John D. , Traquina Paula , Lin Meei-Yun , Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Chuang Ya-Shan , Ko Hui-Ying , Liao Chun-Che , Chen Yen-Hui , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Ma Hsiu-Hua , Sun Cheng-Pu , Lin Yin-Shiou , Wu Ping-Yi , Wang Yu-Chiuan , Tao Mi-Hua , Lin Yi-Ling 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Rapid development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are imperative to control the pandemic. In the current study, we applied our adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P)-based vaccine, MVC-COV1901, to hamster models to demonstrate immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge. Golden Syrian hamsters immunized intramuscularly with two injections of 1 µg or 5 µg of S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were challenged intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Prior to virus challenge, the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies with 10,000-fold higher IgG level and an average of 50-fold higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers in either dose groups than vehicle or adjuvant control groups. Six days after infection, vaccinated hamsters did not display any weight loss associated with infection and had significantly reduced lung pathology and most importantly, lung viral load levels were reduced to lower than detection limit compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination with either 1 μg or 5 μg of adjuvanted S-2P produced comparable immunogenicity and protection from infection. This study builds upon our previous results to support the clinical development of MVC-COV1901 as a safe, highly immunogenic, and protective COVID-19 vaccine.
Desulfurization of liquid fuels using aluminum modified mesoporous adsorbent: towards experimental and kinetic investigations
Authors: Khosravi-Nikou Mohammad Reza , Safari Mohammad Hadi , Rad Amir Asadi , Hassani Pouya , Mohammadian Mohammad , Ahmadi Maryam , Ghafari Negin , Naseri Maryam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, a modified mesoporous adsorbent (MSU-S) impregnated by aluminum was used to remove the aromatic sulfur compounds from n-decane as the model fuel. Physical and chemical properties of as-synthesized adsorbent were investigated by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method. Adsorptive desulfurization of model fuel was studied through batch and continues processes under mild temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium adsorption was modeled by Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich and the kinetics of adsorption was studied through first, second and intraparticle diffusion models. It was figured out that Temkin and the pseudo-second-order model were best fitting the adsorption equilibrium and describing the kinetics, respectively.
Mean path length invariance in wave-scattering beyond the diffusive regime
Authors: Davy Matthieu , Kühmayer Matthias , Gigan Sylvain , Rotter Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiffusive random walks feature the surprising property that the average length of all possible random trajectories that enter and exit a finite domain is determined solely by the domain boundary. Changes in the diffusion constant or the mean-free path, that characterize the diffusion process, leave the mean path length unchanged. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that this result can be transferred to the scattering of waves, even when wave interference leads to marked deviations from a diffusion process. Using a versatile microwave setup, we establish the mean path length invariance for the crossover to Anderson localization and for the case of a band gap in a photonic crystal. We obtain these results on the mean path length solely based on a transmission matrix measurement through a procedure that turns out to be more robust to absorption and incomplete measurement in the localized regime as compared to an assessment based on the full scattering matrix.
Two-plasmon spontaneous emission from a nonlocal epsilon-near-zero material
Authors: Hu Futai , Li Liu , Liu Yuan , Meng Yuan , Gong Mali , Yang Yuanmu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmonic cavities can provide deep subwavelength light confinement, opening up new avenues for enhancing the spontaneous emission process towards both classical and quantum optical applications. Conventionally, light cannot be directly emitted from the plasmonic metal itself. Here, we explore the large field confinement and slow-light effect near the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequency of the light-emitting material itself, to greatly enhance the “forbidden” two-plasmon spontaneous emission (2PSE) process. Using degenerately-doped InSb as the plasmonic material and emitter simultaneously, we theoretically show that the 2PSE lifetime can be reduced from tens of milliseconds to several nanoseconds, comparable to the one-photon emission rate. Furthermore, we show that the optical nonlocality may largely govern the optical response of the ultrathin ENZ film. Efficient 2PSE from a doped semiconductor film may provide a pathway towards on-chip entangled light sources, with an emission wavelength and bandwidth widely tunable in the mid-infrared.
Listening Effort in School-Age Children With Normal Hearing Compared to Children With Limited Useable Hearing Unilaterally
Authors: Oosthuizen Ilze , Picou Erin M. , Pottas Lidia , Myburgh Hermanus Carel , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Children with limited hearing unilaterally might experience more listening effort than children with normal hearing, yet previous studies have not confirmed this. This study compared listening effort in school-age children with normal hearing and children with limited hearing unilaterally using behavioral and subjective listening effort measures.

Design
Two groups of school-age children (aged 7–12 years) participated: 19 with limited hearing unilaterally and 18 with normal hearing bilaterally. Participants completed digit triplet recognition tasks in quiet and in noise (−12 dB SNR) in three loudspeaker conditions: midline, direct, and indirect. Verbal response times during the recognition task were interpreted as behavioral listening effort. Subjective ratings of “task difficulty” and “hard to think” were interpreted as subjective listening effort. Participant age was included as a covariate in analysis of behavioral data.

Results
Noise negatively affected digit triplet recognition for both groups in the midline loudspeaker condition and for participants with limited hearing unilaterally in the direct and indirect conditions. Relative to their peers with normal hearing, children with limited hearing unilaterally exhibited significantly longer response times and higher ratings of effort only in the noisy, indirect condition. Differences between groups were evident even when age differences were controlled for statistically.

Conclusions
Using behavioral and subjective indices of listening effort, children with limited unilateral hearing demonstrated significantly more listening effort relative to their peers with normal hearing during the difficult indirect listening condition. Implications include classroom accommodations to limit indirect listening situations for children with limited useable hearing unilaterally and consideration of intervention options.
Target‐driven visual navigation in indoor scenes using reinforcement learning and imitation learning
Authors: Fang Qiang , Xu Xin , Wang Xitong , Zeng Yujun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHere, the challenges of sample efficiency and navigation performance in deep reinforcement learning for visual navigation are focused and a deep imitation reinforcement learning approach is proposed. Our contributions are mainly three folds: first, a framework combining imitation learning with deep reinforcement learning is presented, which enables a robot to learn a stable navigation policy faster in the target‐driven navigation task. Second, the surrounding images is taken as the observation instead of sequential images, which can improve the navigation performance for more information. Moreover, a simple yet efficient template matching method is adopted to determine the stop action, making the system more practical. Simulation experiments in the AI‐THOR environment show that the proposed approach outperforms previous end‐to‐end deep reinforcement learning approaches, which demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Towards a framework of enforcing resilient operation of cyber‐physical systems with unknown dynamics
Authors: Nguyen Luan , Gupta Vijay 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEnsuring that safety‐critical cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) continue to satisfy correctness and safety specifications even under faults or adversarial attacks is very challenging, especially in the presence of legacy components for which accurate models are unknown to the designer. Current techniques for secure‐by‐design systems engineering do not provide an end‐to‐end methodology for a designer to provide real‐time assurance for safety‐critical CPSs by identifying system dynamics and updating control strategies in response to newly discovered faults, attacks or other changes such as system upgrades. We propose a new methodology, along with an integrated framework implemented in MATLAB to guarantee the resilient operation of safety‐critical CPSs with unknown dynamics. The proposed framework consists of three main components. The runtime monitor evaluates the system behaviour on‐the‐fly against its correctness specifications expressed as signal temporal logic formulas. The model synthesiser incorporates a sparse identification approach that is used to continually update the plant model and control policies to adapt to any changes in the system or the environment. The decision and control module designs a controller to ensure that the correctness specifications are satisfied at runtime. For evaluation, we apply our proposed framework to ensure the resilient operations of two CPS case studies.
JCa2Co: A joint cascade convolution coding network based on fuzzy regional characteristics for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Xu Zhao , Liu Gang , Xiao Gang , Tang Lili , Li Yanhui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo facilitate the extraction of source image information, and preserve the consistency of heterogeneous regional features, a multiscale image fusion method based on a joint cascaded convolutional coding network (JCa2Co) is proposed. The JCa2Co network can retain vast quantities of information from source images in a multiscale perspective. The approach includes an encoder, a fusion layer and decoder. In the fusion layer, the Fuzzy Regional Characteristics (FRC) scheme is considered, and the multiscale feature maps are extracted from image subregions to ensure regional image consistency. Firstly, a joint cascaded encoder is used to extract multiscale features of the source image, in which the output of each layer is connected to every other layer. The fusion layer based on FRC is then performed to fuse each scale feature. Finally, the fused image is reconstructed by the decoder. In addition, to verify the regional consistency of the fused image, a regional consistency measure is proposed. Experiments are performed on the TNO Image Fusion Database. The experimental results exhibit that the proposed JCa2Co method has better comprehensive performance than the eight state‐of‐the‐art fusion methods. Moreover, it can effectively integrate meaningful information in infrared and visible images and has excellent performance in objective evaluation and visual quality, which is beneficial to target recognition and tracking.
Design and analysis of a high‐integration and low‐loss bearingless flywheel motor in vehicle
Authors: Yang Fan , Yuan Ye , Meng Gaojun , Yan Libin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study investigates an outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor for flywheel batteries in vehicle that exhibits the advantages of high integration and low loss due to outer rotor direct‐drive and bearingless technologies. A hybrid excitation outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor with four‐degrees‐of‐freedom radial suspension and permanent magnet bias is also proposed, further improving the advantages of high integration and low loss. In addition, suspension force density is ameliorated and suspension–torque coupling is reduced through structure design. To verify the aforementioned advantages of hybrid excitation outer rotor bearingless flywheel motor, its working principles are introduced and its electromagnetic characteristics are analyzed using the finite element method. Comparisons with 12/8 ORBFM are also conducted by focusing on suspension loss and suspension force density.
Complex vector fitting toolbox: a software package for the modelling and simulation of general linear and passive baseband systems
Authors: Spina Domenico , Ye Yinghao , Deschrijver Dirk , Bogaerts Wim , Dhaene Tom 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComplex vector fitting (CVF) is a robust method to efficiently and accurately model general linear and passive baseband systems. Such models are important for the analysis and design of modern electronic and optical communication systems. This letter introduces an efficient toolbox implementation of the CVF algorithm. The effectiveness of the code is illustrated on a suitable application example.
Improved CRC aided BP decoding for polar codes
Authors: Hong Sungkwon , Chung Jong‐Moon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a modified message passing algorithm to prevent short cycles in the factor graph is proposed and combined with a relaxation technique to improve the performance of cyclic redundancy check aided belief propagation decoding for polar codes. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a 0.7 dB coding gain, for the code rate of 0.5 at the block error rate of 10−5 with a comparable average number of iterations over the pure belief propagation decoding scheme when the code block length is 1024.