bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface activation with oxygen plasma promotes osteogenesis with enhanced extracellular matrix formation in three‐dimensional microporous scaffolds
Authors: Yamada Shuntaro , Yassin Mohammed A. , Weigel Tobias , Schmitz Tobias , Hansmann Jan , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVarious types of synthetic polyesters have been developed as biomaterials for tissue engineering. These materials commonly possess biodegradability, biocompatibility, and formability, which are preferable properties for bone regeneration. The major challenge of using synthetic polyesters is the result of low cell affinity due to their hydrophobic nature, which hinders efficient cell seeding and active cell dynamics. To improve wettability, plasma treatment is widely used in industry. Here, we performed surface activation with oxygen plasma to hydrophobic copolymers, poly(l‐lactide‐co‐trimethylene carbonate), which were shaped in 2D films and 3D microporous scaffolds, and then we evaluated the resulting surface properties and the cellular responses of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSC) to the material. Using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, we demonstrated that short‐term plasma treatment increased nanotopographical surface roughness and wettability with minimal change in surface chemistry. On treated surfaces, initial cell adhesion and elongation were significantly promoted, and seeding efficiency was improved. In an osteoinductive environment, rBMSC on plasma‐treated scaffolds exhibited accelerated osteogenic differentiation with osteogenic markers including RUNX2, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin upregulated, and a greater amount of collagen matrix and mineral deposition were found. This study shows the utility of plasma surface activation for polymeric scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
Gallium chloride phthalocyanines possessing 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy units: Synthesis, characterization, and photophysicochemical investigations
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Atmaca Göknur Yaşa , Cinar Mehmet Emin , Erdoğmuş Ali , Koçak Makbule Burkut 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study reports synthesis of three new metallophthalocyanines namely 1(4),8(11),15(18),22(25)‐tetrakis‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy) phthalocyaninato} Gallium chloride (1‐Ga), {2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)‐tetrakis‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalocyaninato} Gallium chloride (2‐Ga), and {2,3,9,10,17,18,23,24‐octakis‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalocyaninato} Gallium chloride (3‐Ga). The newly synthesized macromolecules were characterized using different spectroscopic approaches, such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), and mass (MS) spectroscopy. Aggregation properties of the resulting compounds were studied at different concentrations ranging from 4 × 10−6 to 14 × 10−6 M. Density functional theory level computations were conducted to shed light on their electronic properties. The effect of the number and position of the substituent on photophysicochemical properties of the gallium chloride complexes (1‐Ga, 2‐Ga, and 3‐Ga) was studied for the examination of their performance as photosensitizer candidates in photodynamic therapy (PDT), comparatively. The complex 3‐Ga shows up the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.87). The photophysical and photochemical features of the stated compounds are useful for PDT applications.
Beyond emotion valence and arousal: A new focus on the target of leader emotion expression within leader–member dyads
Authors: Silard Anthony , Dasborough Marie T. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryTo date, most research on emotion and leadership in organizations has emphasized only one dimension of emotion, valence; and only some research has mentioned the emotion dimension of arousal. An organizing framework for making sense of the effects of leader emotions vis‐à‐vis the direction in which those emotions are targeted, however, has yet to be developed. To address this shortcoming in the literature, we present a new theoretical framework to explore the impact of the target of leader emotion within leader–member dyads—when the emotion is targeting either the follower or the leader themselves. We theorize that leader emotions have disparate effects on followers in high‐ and low‐quality leader–member relationships, depending on whether the emotions are directed externally toward followers or self‐directed toward the leader. Together, the valence, arousal, and target of the leaders' emotional expressions are signals that shape followers' emotions and, in turn, the subsequent quality of their leader–member exchange relationships.
One‐Step Synthesis of Alkaline‐Soluble Polystyrene Containing Trimethoxysilyl‐ and Boronic Acid‐Moieties as Inorganic, Reactive Pendant Groups for Photosensitive Materials
Authors: Doi Takashi , Sugiura Makoto , Shimokawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt is of great interest in simple preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid thermoset soluble in alkaline developer, intended for photosensitive materials used in the field of semiconductor packaging based on sophisticated molecular design from the viewpoint of performance improvement and cost reduction. Here successful one‐step synthesis of alkaline‐soluble polystyrene with three kinds of pendant groups along the chain; trimethoxysilyl (TMS), boronic acid (BA), and hexafluoroisopropylalcohol (HFA) groups is shown. Solvent composition‐based equilibrium control of reactions involving the inorganic pendant groups (TMS and BA) as well as the hydrogen bonding ability and sterically bulky structure of the HFA group are effective in suppressing cross‐linking reactions during polymerization. The latter is confirmed through DFT calculation and terpolymerization experiments where the effect of the HFA group is compared to other ten kinds of p‐substituted functional groups. The obtained terpolymer is soluble in alkaline developer and forms an insoluble membrane with high heat‐resistance after heat treatment. Furthermore, its photosensitive polymer composition with photochemical acid generator exhibits negative‐type photosensitivity. The organic–inorganic hybrid thermosetting polystyrene is a promising material for semiconductor package applications.
Propeller posteromedial thigh perforator flaps for coverage of extensive perineal defects
Authors: Kwon Hyo Jeong , Seo Jeong Hwa , Choi Jong Yun , Seo Bommie Florence , Kwon Ho , Jung Sung‐No 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of perineal defect is challenging. The goal of reconstruction is to maintain normal function with good esthetic outcomes. Coverage of the perineal defect is often difficult with one loco‐regional flap when the size of defect is very extensive. In this article, clinical applications of the propeller posteromedial thigh perforator (PMTP) flap for extensive perineal defects were described.Patients and MethodsEight patients underwent perineal reconstruction with propeller PMTP flaps from March 2013 to December 2018. The average age of the patients was 65 years (range: 52–80 years). The causes of the defects included infection and skin cancers. The perforator was a branch of deep femoral artery. The flap was harvested as a perforator‐based flap and rotated 180° to the defect area (propeller flap design).ResultsThe average flap size was 256.5 cm2 (range: 136–400 cm2) and average follow‐up period was 22.4 months (range: 6–48 months). All flaps survived after surgery without major complications. The donor sites were all primarily closed and the patients were all satisfied during the follow‐up period.ConclusionThe propeller PMTP flap is an adequate new option for reconstructing extensive perineal defects. The flap avoids the need for microanastomosis and replaces the defect with similar tissue.
Mechanical and thermal properties of date palm/kenaf fiber‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Ghori Syed Waheedullah , Rao Gunji Srinivasa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with date palm fiber (DPF) and kenaf fiber (KF) at various fiber loadings. Flexural properties, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of hybrid composites were reported. The flexural properties revealed the effect of fiber ratio on flexural strength and modulus; a higher kenaf ratio showed a higher flexural modulus. TGA revealed the effect of lignin present in the DPF, which affected the glass transition significantly. In DMA characterization, storage modulus revealed that 7DP3K showed higher modulus in the initial stage and had better glass transition than others. The loss modulus showed that the peak of 7DP3K had higher loss modulus, glass transition at a higher temperature, and wider relaxation period. Damping factor also showed that 7DP3K had peak at a higher temperature. The result showed that KF has positively impacted on DPF to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. The hybrid fibers in epoxy composites were effective in increasing the dynamic mechanical properties and flexural strength ascribed to the improved matrix/fiber bonding. The possible applications of the hybrid composites may be in building industry and automobiles. This study gives directions for further research on comparison of treated hybrid composites with untreated ones.
Use of preventive drugs during the last year of life in older adults with cancer or chronic progressive diseases
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Santucci Claudia , Pasina Luca , Fortino Ida , Merlino Luca , Corli Oscar , Nobili Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prescription of preventive medications with questionable usefulness in community dwelling elderly adults with cancer or chronic progressive diseases during the last year of life.MethodsThrough the utilization of the healthcare databases of the Lombardy region, Italy, we identified two retrospective cohorts of patients aged 65 years or more, who died in 2018 and had a diagnosis of either a solid cancer (N = 19 367) or a chronic progressive disease (N = 27 819). We estimated prescription of eight major classes of preventive drugs 1 year and 1 month before death; continuation or initiation of preventive drug use during the last month of life was also investigated.ResultsOver the last year of life, in both oncologic and non‐oncologic patients, we observed a modest decrease in the prescription of blood glucose‐lowering drugs, anti‐hypertensives, lipid‐modifying agents, and bisphosphonates, and a slight increase in the prescription of vitamins, minerals, antianemic drugs, and antithrombotic agents (among oncologic patients only). One month before death, the prescription of preventive drugs was still common, particularly for anti‐hypertensives, antithrombotics, and antianemics, with more than 60% of patients continuing to be prescribed most preventive drugs and an over 10% starting a therapy with an antithrombotic, an antianemic, or a vitamin or mineral supplement.ConclusionThese findings support the need for an appropriate drug review and improvement in the quality of drug prescription for vulnerable populations at the end‐of‐life.
Stability of the helium atom embedded in classical nonideal plasmas
Authors: Das Biswajit , Ghoshal Arijit 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProperties of the ground state of the helium atom embedded in classical nonideal plasmas have been investigated within the framework of variational method. The background plasma is described by a pseudopotential which has been deduced from the sequential solution of Bogolyubov's hierarchy equations. An extensive trial wave function is employed in Rayleigh–Ritz variational principle to compute various quantities associated with the ground state of helium atom quite accurately. A detailed study is made on the changes in those quantities introduced by the varying nonideality of the plasma in a wide range. In particular, special emphasis is made to study the stability of the atom in the plasma by computing the critical values of screening parameter and nonideal parameter accurately. To the best of our knowledge, such a study on the stability of helium atom in classical nonideal plasmas is reported for the first time in the literature.
Suspension button constructs restore posterior knee laxity in solid tibial avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Forkel Philipp , Buchmann Louis , Lang Jan J. , Burgkart Rainer , Imhoff Andreas B. , Mehl Julian , Feucht Matthias J. , Lutz Patrizia , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Dislocated tibial avulsions of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) require surgical intervention. Several arthroscopic strategies are options to fix the fragment and restore posterior laxity, including two types of suspension button devices: adjustable (self-locking) and rigid knotted systems. Our hypothesis was that a rigid knotted button construct has superior biomechanical properties regarding laxity restoration compared with an adjustable system. Both techniques were compared with standard screw fixation and the native PCL.

Methods
Sixty porcine knees were dissected. The constructs were tested for elongation, stiffness, yield force, load to failure force, and failure mode in a material testing machine. Group N (native, intact PCL) was used as a control group. In group DB (Dogbone™), TR (Tightrope™), and S (screw), a standardized block osteotomy with the osteotomized fragment attached to the PCL was set. The DB and TR groups simulated using a suspension button system with either a rigid knotted (DB) or adjustable system (TR). These groups were compared to a screw technique (S) simulating antegrade screw fixation from posterior.

Results
Comparing the different techniques (DB, TR, S), no significant elongation was detected; all techniques achieved a sufficient posterior laxity restoration. Significant elongation in the DB and TR group was detected compared with the native PCL (N). In contrast, screw fixation did not lead to significant elongation. The stiffness, yield load, and load to failure force did not differ significantly between the techniques. None of the techniques reached the same level of yield load and load to failure force as the intact state.

Conclusion
Arthroscopic suspension button techniques sufficiently restore the posterior laxity and gain a comparable construct strength as an open antegrade screw fixation.
Solution procedures for block selection and sequencing in flat-bedded potash underground mines
Authors: Seifi Cinna , Schulze Marco , Zimmermann Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhosphates, and especially potash, play an essential role in the increase in crop yields. Potash is mined in Germany in underground mines using a conventional drill-and-blast technique. The most commercially valuable mineral contained in potash is the potassium chloride that is separated from the potash in aboveground processing plants. The processing plants perform economically best if the amount of potassium contained in the output is equal to a specific value, the so-called optimal operating point. Therefore, quality-oriented extraction plays a decisive role in reducing processing costs. In this paper, we mathematically formulate a block selection and sequencing problem with a quality-oriented objective function that aims at an even extraction of potash regarding the potassium content. We, thereby, have to observe some precedence relations, maximum and minimum limits of the output, and a quality tolerance range within a given planning horizon. We model the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program which is then linearized. We show that our problem is $${\mathcal {NP}}$$
NP
-hard in the strong sense with the result that a MILP-solver cannot find feasible solutions for the most challenging problem instances at hand. Accordingly, we develop a problem-specific constructive heuristic that finds feasible solutions for each of our test instances. A comprehensive experimental performance analysis shows that a sophisticated combination of the proposed heuristic with the mathematical program improves the feasible solutions achieved by the heuristic, on average, by $$92.5\%$$

92.5
%

.
Relationship Between Bud Cold Hardiness and Budbreak in Two Vitis vinifera L Cultivars, Chardonnay and Thompson Seedless
Authors: Pérez Francisco J. , Rubio Sebastián 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe lack of winter cold is a severe limitation for the cultivation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L) in areas with warm winter climates. This phenomenon is currently becoming quite important due to global warming, which will increase winter temperatures in many temperate regions of the planet where grapevines are cultivated. Although various physical and chemical stimuli have been used to address the lack of winter cold in grapevine cultivation, quantitative studies on its effects on different cultivars are limited. Here, the effects of (a) low temperatures during endodormancy (ED), (b) temperature increases during eco-dormancy (ECD) and (c) the effects of dormancy-breaking compounds such as hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and sodium azide (AZ) on the budburst of an early budbreak cultivar, Chardonnay, and an late budbreak cultivar, Thompson seedless, were assessed. The results were analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to establish statistical significance between the control and treatments. In general, Chardonnay grapevines were more sensitive than Thompson seedless grapevines to all budbreak stimuli, and a temperature increase during ECD was the stimulus that had the greatest effect on the budbreak in both cultivars. Exposure to cold temperatures during ED increased the cold hardiness and improved the budbreak in both cultivars. Based on the results, a relationship between the degree of bud cold hardiness and budbreak potential is suggested, and it is proposed that the greater the cold hardiness achieved by the buds, the better their subsequent budbreak will be.
Clinical and functional results after implantation of the bonebridge, a semi-implantable, active transcutaneous bone conduction device, in children and adults
Authors: Seiwerth Ingmar , Fröhlich Laura , Schilde Sebastian , Götze Gerrit , Plontke Stefan K. , Rahne Torsten 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical, clinical and audiological outcome of 32 implantations of the Bonebridge, a semi-implantable transcutaneous active bone conduction implant.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data for 32 implantations in 31 patients (one bilateral case; seven age < 16 years) with conductive or mixed hearing loss, malformations, after multiple ear surgery, or with single-sided deafness as contralateral routing of signal (CROS).

Results
Four implantations were done as CROS. Five cases were simultaneously planned with ear prosthesis anchors, and 23 implantations (72%) were planned through three-dimensional (3D) “virtual surgery.” In all 3D-planned cases, the implant could be placed as expected. For implant-related complications, rates were 12.5% for minor and 3.1% for major complications. Implantation significantly improved mean sound field thresholds from a preoperative 60 dB HL (SD 12) to 33 dB HL (SD 6) at 3 postoperative months and 34 dB HL (SD 6) at > 11 postoperative months (p < 0.0001). Word recognition score in quiet at 65 dB SPL improved from 11% (SD 20) preoperatively to 74% (SD 19) at 3 months and 83% (SD 15) at > 11 months (p < 0.0001). The speech reception threshold in noise improved from − 1.01 dB unaided to − 2.69 dB best-aided (p = 0.0018).

Conclusion
We found a clinically relevant audiological benefit with Bonebridge. To overcome anatomical challenges, we recommend preoperative 3D planning in small and hypoplastic mastoids, children, ear malformation, and simultaneous implantation of ear prosthesis anchors and after multiple ear surgery.
Efficacy of three BCG strains (Connaught, TICE and RIVM) with or without secondary resection (re-TUR) for intermediate/high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers: results from a retrospective single-institution cohort analysis
Authors: Del Giudice Francesco , Busetto Gian Maria , Gross Martin S. , Maggi Martina , Sciarra Alessandro , Salciccia Stefano , Ferro Matteo , Sperduti Isabella , Flammia Simone , Canale Vittorio , Chung Benjamin I. , Conti Simon L. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Skinner Eila C. , De Berardinis Ettore 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
(I) To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three different BCG strains in patients with intermediate-/high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). (II) To determine the importance of performing routine secondary resection (re-TUR) in the setting of BCG maintenance protocol for the three strains.

Methods
NMIBCs who received an adjuvant induction followed by a maintenance schedule of intravesical immunotherapy with BCG Connaught, TICE and RIVM. Only BCG-naïve and those treated with the same strain over the course of follow-up were included. Cox proportional hazards model was developed according to prognostic factors by the Spanish Urological Oncology Group (CUETO) as well as by adjusting for the implementation of re-TUR.

Results
n = 422 Ta-T1 patients (Connaught, n = 146; TICE, n = 112 and RIVM, n = 164) with a median (IQR) follow-up of 72 (60–85) were reviewed. Re-TUR was associated with improved recurrence and progression outcomes (HRRFS: 0.63; 95% CI 0.46–0.86; HRPFS: 0.55; 95% CI 0.31–0.86). Adjusting for CUETO risk factors and re-TUR, BGC TICE and RIVM provided longer RFS compared to Connaught (HRTICE: 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.86; HRRIVM: 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.87) while no differences were identified between strains for PFS and CSS. Sub-analysis of only re-TUR cases (n = 190, 45%) showed TICE the sole to achieve longer RFS compared to both Connaught and RIVM.

Conclusion
Re-TUR was confirmed to ensure longer RFS and PFS in intermediate-/high-risk NMIBCs but did not influence the relative single BCG strain efficacy. When routinely performing re-TUR followed by a maintenance BCG schedule, TICE was superior to the other strains for RFS outcomes.
The nucleocapsid protein of rice stripe virus in cell nuclei of vector insect regulates viral replication
Authors: Zhao Wan , Zhu Junjie , Lu Hong , Zhu Jiaming , Jiang Fei , Wang Wei , Luo Lan , Kang Le , Cui Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRice stripe virus (RSV) transmitted by the small brown planthopper causes severe rice yield losses in Asian countries. Although viral nuclear entry promotes viral replication in host cells, whether this phenomenon occurs in vector cells remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and roles of RSV in the nuclei of vector insect cells. We observed that the nucleocapsid protein (NP) and viral genomic RNAs were partially transported into vector cell nuclei by utilizing the importin α nuclear transport system. When blocking NP nuclear localization, cytoplasmic RSV accumulation significantly increased. In the vector cell nuclei, NP bound the transcription factor YY1 and affected its positive regulation to FAIM. Subsequently, decreased FAIM expression triggered an antiviral caspase-dependent apoptotic reaction. Our results reveal that viral nuclear entry induces completely different immune effects in vector and host cells, providing new insights into the balance between viral load and the immunity pressure in vector insects.