bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on in-Situ Stress Distribution in the East and West of Sichuan Basin
Authors: Fang Xinxin , Feng Hong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper statistically analyzed 112 acoustic emission experimental data of cores from 38 wells in the Upper Permian Changxing Formation, Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Leikoupo Formation, Jialingjiang Formation, and Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, and 106 acoustic emission test data of cores from 32 wells of the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation and Penglai Formation in western Sichuan, eliminated data with large errors, established scatter plots of in-situ stress changing with depth in northeastern and western Sichuan, and carried out corresponding regression analysis. Studies show that the in-situ stress distribution rules in northeastern Sichuan and western Sichuan are quite different, which are mainly related to the evolution and tectonic movement of basin. The vertical stress of two blocks is generally linear with the depth, and the vertical stress value is related to the rock. The difference between overburden weight and vertical stress is small. The maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses gradually increase with buried depth, and the degree that horizontal principal stress increase with buried depth in northeastern Sichuan is generally greater than that in western Sichuan. The horizontal shear stress is also linear with buried depth. The corresponding linear relationship is stronger in the western part of Sichuan, while the dispersion in the eastern part of Sichuan has an increasing trend as the buried depth increases. The elastic modulus of rock directly affects stress value of rock. Generally, the higher the elastic modulus of rock, the better it is to maintain higher stress. The elastic modulus of rocks of different genesis is obviously different, and the relationship between the stress value of rock and the elastic modulus is quite different. Because strength of carbonate rock is greater than that of sandstone, the change of elastic modulus is the maximum level of carbonate rock. The influence of principal stress is greater than that of sandstone, and the influence of minimum principal stress of sandstone is greater than that of carbonate rock. In carbonate rock, the effect of elastic modulus on the minimum horizontal principal stress is greater than the maximum horizontal principal stress, while in sandstone it is the opposite.
Clinical Characteristics of Nodular Fasciitis of Ear in Children
Authors: Wang Xiaoxu , Liu Wei , He Lejian , Chen Min , Shao Jianbo , Zhang Xiao , Ma Ning , Li Yanhong , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose Summarized the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process of three cases of nodular fasciitis of ear, to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Reviewed the clinical manifestations, images, pathology, treatment and postoperative follow up results of three cases of pediatric nodular fasciitis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from 2018 to 2020. Results The average age at diagnosis were 24 months, with two girls and a boy. Two lesions were found in the left ear and one in the right ear. All cases had a history of biopsy before surgery. Two of three cases showed a sign of rapid growth after biopsy and three of which were ineffective in anti-inflammatory treatment. FISH test for USP6 were performed in two of the three cases with positive results. Three lesions show a hypointensity or isointensity on T1-weighted MRI and a heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. ‘‘Fascial tail’’ sign was found on image of all three cases. All lesions underwent surgical resection. Follow-up showed no recurrence and had an intact ear appearance. Conclusion The early misdiagnosis rate of nodular fasciitis of the ear is high. Combine clinical features with imaging findings may improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Besides the appearance of pathology, USP6 gene test is also an important tool in the diagnosis. The final diagnosis should be based on comprehensive assessment. Complete surgical resection can prevent recurrence.
Determination of Start and End of Rainy Season in the South-western Region of Sri Lanka
Authors: sonnadara upul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Daily rainfall records for 50 years (1961 to 2010) were used to determine the start and end of rainy seasons in the south western region of Sri Lanka. The study was based on data records obtained from two weather stations in Colombo and Galle situated in the western and southern coastal belts of Sri Lanka respectively, that have two growing seasons Yala and Maha. The start and end dates were determined by using a method that is based on cumulative rainfall measured during a season. Substantial interannual variability is seen in start and end of rainy seasons in this study.For the Yala season, the mean start and end dates are in the standard weeks 12.0±2.3 and 24.1±2.0 (March 24th to June 20th) respectively. For the Maha season the mean start and end dates are in the standard weeks 35.4±2.0 and 49.6±2.0 (September 5th to December 15th) respectively. The mean duration of the rainy season for Yala and Maha are 12.1±2.6 weeks and 14.2±2.3 weeks respectively. The start date and the duration of the rainy season for both Yala and Maha are correlated, leading to early start dates resulting in longer rainy seasons. It can be concluded from this study that it is possible to use daily rainfall records to determine the mean start and end dates of rainy seasons in the south-western region of Sri Lanka.
Antisense RNA Enhanced Sensitivity of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: CHEN YU , FANG RONG , LEI LEI , WU ZHOU SHI , LIU JIE YUN , ZHANG HUI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the leading cause of various infective diseases including topical soft tissue infections. Due to an increasing prevalence of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus infection become more challenging to being treated over recent years. The goals of this study were to investigate the roles of antisense yycF/G RNAs in the regulation of the biofilm formation and pathogenicity. Methods: MRSA ASyycF/G overexpression mutants were constructed. The biofilm biomass was determined by crystal violet microtiter assay and scanning electron mi-ceroscopy (SEM). Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect the transcripts and translations of biofilm-related genes. The effects of the antisense RNAs (ASyycF/G) strategy on the susceptibility of biofilm-producing S. aureus to hydrogen peroxide were also investigated. Result: The ASyycF/G transcript leaded to reduction in the biofilm formation. Overexpression of ASyycF/G inhibited the transcripts and translations of biofilm-related genes. The sensibility to vancomycin was improved in ASyycF/G overexpression MRSA. Conclusions: The biofilm biomass and the transcripts of the pathogenicity associated genes decreased in the ASyycF/G overexpression mutant. Thus, the current evidence may provide a supplementary strategy for managing MRSA infections.
A DFT Investigation of The Host-Guest Interactions Between Boron-Based Aromatic Systems and β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Rahali Seyfeddine , Belhocine Youghourta , Allal Hamza , Bouhadiba Abdelaziz , Assaba Ibtissem Meriem , Seydou Mahamadou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Density-functional theory calculations including dispersion at BLYP-D3(BJ)/def2-SVP level of theory were performed for a series of systems based on cyclodextrin complexation with boron-based aromatic compounds. Elaborated investigations were carried out using different quantum chemical parameters such as computed complexation energies, theoretical association constants and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Several configurations and inclusion modes were considered in this work. The calculated complexation energies were consistent with the experimental classification of these systems on the basis of occurring interactions. Reduced density gradient (RDG) and independent gradient model (IGM) approaches determined the nature and strength of non-covalent interactions which played a central role in the formation of the complexes. Thus, phenylboronic acid (PBA) and benzoxaborole (Bxb) act mainly as hydrogen-bonded complexes with β-cyclodextrin, while mainly Van der Waals (vdW) interactions stabilize both catechol (PhBcat) and pinacol esters of phenylboronic acid (PhBpin) complexes. The ferroceneboronic acid (FcBA) exhibits a mixture of H-bonds and vdW interactions with β-cyclodextrin.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Quantitatively by Pressure-strain Loop in Young Strength Athletes With Different Heart Rates
Authors: Li Pengge , Li Lijin , Sun Mengjiao , Li Zhen , Liu Mengmeng , Hua Shaohua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the difference in left ventricular (LV) global and regional myocardial (MW) of strength athletes with different heart rates (HR) through non-invasive LV pressure-strain loop (PSL) and further address the effect of athlete’s heart rate variability on the LV systolic function.Methods:Fifty young professional wrestlers were collected randomly and divided into two groups in accordance with their different HR: the low HR (45~60 bpm, n1=25) and the high HR (60~80 bpm, n2=25). Thirty individuals with gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers served as controls (n3=30). Global and regional MW parameters were evaluated using LV-PSL derived from speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and brachial artery pressure, and then compared between the above three groups.Results:The indicators of global and regional MW did statistically significantly differ between the athlete and control groups. Peak strain dispersion (PSD) and global myocardial wasted work (GWW) increased while global myocardial work efficiency (GWE) reduced in LHR and HHR groups compared with the control group, and global myocardial work index (GWI), global myocardial constructive work (GCW), global longitudinal strain (GLS) decreased in LHR group (P＜0.05). In comparison to the LHR group, GWI, GCW, GWW, PSD increased in HHR group and GWE reduced (P＜0.05). According to the regional MW analysis, the mean regional myocardial work index (RMWI) increasing gradually from basal to apical levels were similar across the three groups and regional myocardial work efficiency (RMWE) did not. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the HR, posterior wall thickness (PWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), GLS, and PSD were correlated with GWE (b’= -0.247, -0.390, -0.370, 0.340, and -0.554, respectively, P＜0.05).Conclusions:The LV contractile performance was more impaired in young strength athletes with high heart rates and PSL can be used to assess LV GMW and RMW quantitatively and accurately in reflecting LV systolic function.
Solenoid-free current drive via ECRH in EXL-50 spherical torus plasmas
Authors: Shi Yuejiang , Liu Bing , Song Shaodong , Song Yunyang , Song Xianming , Tong Bowei , Cheng Shikui , Liu Wenjun , Wang Mingyuan , Sun Tiantian , Guo Dong , Li Songjian , Li Yingying , Chen Bin , Gu Xiang , Cai Jianqing , Luo Di , Banerjee Debabrata , Zhao Xin , Yang Yuanming , Luo Wenwu , Zhou Peihai , Wang Yu , Ishida Akio , Maekawa Takashi , Liu Minsheng , Yuan Baoshan , Peng Yueng-Kay 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As a new spherical tokamak (ST) designed to simplify engineering requirements of a possible future fusion power source, the EXL-50 experiment features a low aspect ratio (A) vacuum vessel (VV), encircling a central post assembly containing the toroidal field coil conductors. Multiple electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) resonances are located within the VV to possibly improve current drive effectiveness. The energetic electrons are observed via hard X-ray detectors, carry the bulk of the plasma current ranging from 50kA to 150kA, which is maintained for more than 1s duration. It is observed that over one Ampere current can be maintained per Watt of ECRH power issued from the 28-GHz gyrotrons. The plasma current with high line-density (approaching 1019m-2) has been achieved for plasma currents as high as 76kA. An analysis was carried out combining reconstructed multi-fluid equilibrium, guiding-center orbits, and resonant heating mechanisms. It is verified that in EXL-50 a broadly distributed current of energetic electrons creates smaller closed magnetic-flux surfaces of low aspect ratio that in turn confine the thermal plasma electrons and ions and participate in maintaining the equilibrium force-balance.
Computer Vision Coaching Microsurgical Laboratory Training: Prime (Proficiency Index in Microsurgical Education) Proof of Concept
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Magaldi , Quittes Lucas , COSTA POLLYANA HELENA VIEIRA , Ramos Taise Mosso , Rodrigues Ana Clara Fidelis , Nicolato Arthur , Malheiros Jose Augusto 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Computer vision (CV) feedback could be aimed as a constant tutor to guide ones proficiency during microsurgical practice in controlled environments.Methods: Five neurosurgeons with different levels of microsurgical expertise performed simulated vessel dissection and micro-suture in an ex-vivo model for posterior computer analysis of recorded videos. Computer program called PRIME (PRoficiency Index of Microsurgical Education) used in this research recognized color labeled surgical instruments, from downloading videos into a platform, with a range of motion greater than 3 mm, for objective evaluation of number of right and left hand movements. A proficiency index of 0 to 1 was pre established in order to evaluate continuous training improvement.Results: PRIME computer program captured all hand movements executed by participants, except for small tremors or inconsistencies that have a range of motion inferior to 3 mm. Number of left and right hand movements were graphically expressed in order to guide more objective and efficacious training for each trainee, without requiring body sensors and cameras around the operating table. Participants with previous microsurgical experience showed improvement from 0.2 to 0.6 (p<0.05), while novices had no improvement. Proficiency index set by CV was suggested, in a self-challenge and self-coaching manner.Conclusions: PRIME would offer the capability of constant laboratory microsurgical practice feedback under CV guidance, opening a new window for oriented training without a tutor or specific apparatus regarding all levels of microsurgical proficiency. Prospective, large data study is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Effective Diagnosis by Real-Time PCR of Herpes Simplex Diffuse Endotheliitis That is Similar in Appearance to Fungal Keratitis: Case Series
Authors: Todokoro Daisuke , Hosogai Mayumi , Nakano Satoko , Akiyama Hideo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PURPOSE: Herpes simplex diffuse endotheliitis with accompanying feathery infiltration is difficult to diagnose due to corneal findings that are similar to fungal keratitis. This case series reports on the effectiveness of using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose herpes simplex diffuse endotheliitis that is similar in appearance to fungal keratitis.METHODS: After extracting corneal smear sample DNA, samples were then applied to two independent PCR assays, a qualitative multiplex 24-pathogen strip PCR assay, and a quantitative real-time PCR assay of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).RESULTS: All 3 cases showed ciliary injection, feathery infiltration in the corneal stroma and hypopyon, which are corneal findings similar to that observed for fungal keratitis. Retrocorneal plaques, which showed clear boundaries between the corneal endothelial surfaces and retrocorneal plaques in anterior segment optical coherence tomography, were observed in 2 out of 3 cases. Corneal scraping was performed in all cases, followed by initiation of antifungal treatment. However, real-time PCR of the corneal scraping detected 6.0 x 106, 1.0 x 105 and 5.0 x 105 copies/μg glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of HSV-1 DNA per each microgram of the samples. Fungi were not cultured in any of the cases. After switching the medication from antifungal to antiviral, the feathery corneal infiltration was cured with only mild scarring.CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR was an effective tool in diagnosing HSV diffuse endotheliitis with feathery infiltration. Topical corticosteroids in conjunction with oral and topical antivirals were an effective treatment.
T1 Relaxation Times in the Rotating Frame for Assessing a Liver Injury-and-Recovery Animal Model
Authors: Hu Genwen , Quan Xianyue , Luo Liangping , Xu Jianmin , Mei Yingjie , Li Yufa , Yang Zhong , Zou Jinsen , Chen Yanhui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the relationship between the T1 relaxation times in the rotating frame (T1rho) and pathophysiology in a liver injury-and-recovery animal model.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=80) were randomly assigned to two groups: group A involved carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injury and withdrawal, and group B involved bile duct ligation (BDL) and recanalization. Time-points (n=8) for 3.0T MRI and histological examination were: Group A on day 0, 15, and 40 after the first injection, and day 10, and 25 after injection withdrawal; Group B on day 0, 6, and 10 after obstruction, and day 6, and 13 after recanalization. calculated to assess the correlation between the T1rho and the histopathological parameters.Results: Collagen content, steatosis, ballooning, and inflammation increased in both groups with injury time and decreased with recovery time (withdrawal and recanalization). The T1rho values displayed the same trend. Significant correlation between the T1rho values and collagen was found in the both group A and group B (r = 0.547, r = 0.575, p < 0.001). Moreover, both group A and group B was correlated with steatosis (r = 0.598, r = 0.594, p < 0.001), ballooning (r = 0.616, r = 0.642, p < 0.001), and inflammation (r = 0.636, r = 0.641, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Overall, the T1rho value appears to reflect the process of injury-and-recovery of the liver. Nevertheless, the T1rho value does not exhibit a simple one-to-one correlation with a single factor, such as collagen.
Nation-wide vector surveillance did not indicate transmission of the “American lineage pandemic ZIKA virus” in India
Authors: KUMAR NARENDRAN PRADEEP , Jambulingam P , Panneer D. , Muthukumaravel S , Abidha S. , Sankari T , Ajithlal PM , Mathew Jessu , Koothradan Suhana , Paramasivan R , Muniyaraj M , Singh Himmat , Saxena Rekha , Vijayachari P , Sunish IP , Shriram AN , Dutta Prafulla , Patgiri Saurav Jyoti , DR Bhattacharyya , Hoti SL , Chattopadhyay D , Roy Subarna , Mahapatra Namita , Pati Sanghamitra , Chand Gyan , Mishra AK , Barde Pradip , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

In wake of the global health emergency declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) during 2016, on the outbreak of ZIKA pandemic, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) carried out countrywide vector surveillance for ZIKA and DENGUE viruses (ZIKV & DENV) in India, as a preparedness measure.

Methods

The study incorporated high-risk zones distributed to 49 Districts in 14 states/ Union Territories (UT) of India during 2016-2019. Seven ICMR Institutions undertook the study, following a uniform Standard Operating Protocol. Aedes specimens sampled on weekly intervals were processed by multiplex Reverse transcriptase PCR for ZIKV/DENV and Real time RT-PCR of ZIKV, among few samples distributed to all the Districts.

Results

Altogether, 79492 specimens of Aedes mosquitoes in 6492 pools were processed for both ZIKV and DENV infections. Among these, three and 63 pools respectively were found positive for ZIKV and DENV. ZIKV infections were recorded from Aedes aegypti sampled during 2018 sporadic ZIKA outbreak in Jaipur, Rajasthan, which belonged to the Asian lineage, already circulating in the Country. Both Ae. aegypti and Aedes albopictus were found infected with DENV and were distributed to ten states/ UTs. Both male and female specimens of Ae. albopictus recorded DENV infections indicating trans-ovarial transmission of DENV in the species.

Conclusion

This national vector surveillance study evinced no active transmission of the “American lineage - pandemic ZIKA virus” in India during 2016-2019, although Asian lineage of the virus already circulating in the Country was detected from Ae. aegypti from Jaipur, Rajasthan.
PlantRep: a resource of plant repeats
Authors: Zhang Yu , Luo Xizhi , Chen Shiyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We re-annotated repeats sequence of 459 plant genomes and release a new resource of plant repeats: PlantRep (http://www.plantrep.cn/). We compared the structural and evolutionary characteristics of repeat sequences in different plant taxonomic group. The contribution of repeat sequences to the genes was examined systematically. PlantRep sheds lights of evolution of plant repeats and provides a free-resource for deep annotation of genome and comparative genomics research of repeat elements in plants.
Developing an Instrument to Assess Children's Capacity for Assent in Research Settings: Considering the Capacity of Five-year-olds in Japan
Authors: Ishiyama Izumi , Akama Kimiko , Yamagata Zentaro , Ishiyama Izumi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: When children are considered for research participation, international guidelines suggest that they should provide assent in addition to the consent of their parents or legally authorised representatives. Guidelines indicate that the assent-capable age of children, as a reference, is above seven years. However, previous studies that have clarified the appropriate age for assent are unavailable in Japan. If it can be shown that children under the age of seven have capacity for assent, it will clarify that assent is possible above the age of seven years. Therefore, we aimed to develop an instrument to assess children’s capacity for assent among four- to six-year-olds and research their capacity for studies with no invasion or intervention. Methods: To develop the instrument, we referenced a semi-structured interview instrument for assessing decision-making capacity to consent to participation in human subject research. Our instrument is composed of three sections based on 10 question items. Each answer is scored 0–2, and the total score is in the range of 0–20. Assent information was modified to be understood by four-year-olds in Japanese. To examine an instrument and to assess children’s capacity for assent, we conducted a study with 68 participants, aged to four to six years. The scores were analysed using a factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way analysis of variance, t-test, and χ2 test.Results: The average age of participants was 5.4 years, the average interview time was 9.6 min, and the average scale score (range 0–20) was 14.4±3.8 points in total. Results showed a significant difference between four-year-olds and five-year-olds in the scale scores of assent capacity, largely attributable to differences in understanding and appreciation. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of this scale was indicated as sufficient. For studies with no invasion or intervention, five-year-olds may have the capacity for assent if provided adequate information about the research, tailored to their level of maturity with a child-friendly assent process. However, it cannot be stated that five to six-year-olds fully understand the significance of participating in a study that includes potential benefits for someone other than themselves. Future research may consider comparing six and seven-year-olds or older children.