bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 2019 Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) in Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ul Ain Qurat , Larik Ehsan , Saeed Abid , Khosa Zubair , Arif Muhammad , Chaudry Ambreen , Ghafoor Tamkeen , Baig Mirza 
Published: March 2021

Background: The unprecedented outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) drastically spread worldwide. The study was aimed to articulate the findings of a descriptive and clinical characteristic, also to access the potential risk factors link with the spread of COVID-19. Method: The COVID-19 cases reported through April 30, 2020, were extracted from Balochistan’s COVID-19 Electronic Dashboard. All cases from March to April 2020 were included. The results of the laboratory finding as well as data acquired through COVID-19 Dashboard were cleaned; descriptive exploratory analysis and chi-square were calculated to demonstrate the association using Epi- Info. Results: A total of 1381 patient records extracted and screened. Of these, 1218 suspected cases and 1049 confirmed cases contributed to the analysis. Among confirmed cases, 77% (811) were male. The most affected age group was 60 – 69 years (attack rate 1.90/10,000), mean age was 36 ±17.11 SD with age range 2 months-94 years. District Quetta 82% (864) and district Pishin 5% (55) remained the epi-center for high attack rates. Among confirmed cases, a total of 14 deaths occurred for an overall Case fatality rate of 1.33%. The epi surge was peaked around March 19, April 5, and April 24, 2020. Among high-risk personals, those who had contact with infected individuals’ showed a high association of 97% (323/333) than without any contact 87% (221/254). Those who had travel history showed a prevalence of 86% (87/101) than in those who did not 59% (60/104) while those admitted in hospital with comorbid conditions showed a prevalence of 70% (26/37) than in those who did not 13% (6/46). Conclusion: COVID-19 epidemic has spread rapidly in the province. A series of multidimensional public health interventions, a cost-effective surveillance system, and the adoption of safe working practice, awareness sessions are necessary to control the COVID-19 outbreak
PENERAPAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PENERIMAAN ASISTEN LABORATORIUM KOMPUTER DENGAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT
Authors: Randa Hendro Nurman, Ahmadi  
Published: March 2021

Keberadaan asisten di laboratorium komputer merupakan salah satu unsur penting dalam menunjang proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran praktikum. Seorang asisten laboratorium yang bertugas sebagai pendamping guru pada kegiatan praktikum harus memahami materi praktikum dan mampu membimbing siswa untuk mencapai standar kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan. Proses penerimaan asisten laboratorium komputer memiliki beberapa kriteria penilaian baik dari akademik maupun non akademik. Kesalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan menimbulkan ketidak percayaan terhadap kualitas asisten laboratorium komputer yang diterima dan berdampak pada menurunnya pemahaman dan keterampilan siswa terhadap mata pelajaran tertentu. Dengan dibangunnya “Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Asisten Laboratorium Komputer Dengan Metode Weighted Product Pada SMK N 5 Rejang Lebong” dapat membantu guru untuk lebih selektif dalam penempatan siswa yang memang memiliki kompetensi dalam bidang IT pada laboratorium komputer SMK N 5 Put Rejang Lebong yang sebelum nya setiap 1 tahun sekali hanya dipilih bukan berdasarkan penilaian dari nilai akademik siswa yang mengarah pada kemampuan tertentu.
A Novel of Displacement: Seeking Spatial Justice in Bleak House's Consequential Ground
Authors: Hatch Michael P. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Taking the microspatial fog in Charles Dickens's Bleak House as a top-down perspective and the London streets as a bottom-up perspective creates compelling arguments for seeing this novel spatially. Drawing on principles from Edward W. Soja's Seeking Spatial Justice, this article contends that Bleak House uses numerous telescoping perspectives alongside these two narrators to explore the impacts of spatial injustice and critique social institutions that displace and threaten the lives of those they should be benefiting and assisting. Soja's proposition of exogenous (top-down), endogenous (bottom-up) and mesogeographical (middle or regional) geographical distributions helps show how Bleak House represents London to show disparity across social spaces and the lives of those who inhabit them through the unequal distribution of material and abstract resources. In doing so, Bleak House challenges its readers to look beyond one's own space and consider the social, political, and economic factors that contribute to our spaces and how these spaces extend outwards, thereby displacing its reader from an isolated perspective to one attentive to their situatedness in a broad, complex social space, and the implications of social space and geography.
Fitzgerald’s Seven-Year Plan
Authors: West James L. W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At some point in late 1938 or early 1939, F. Scott Fitzgerald produced an autobiographical chart entitled “Seven Years” that appears to have been an effort to map his life in seven-year increments. This single sheet of paper, for unknown reasons, ended up filed in a stack of miscellaneous materials from the composition of Tender Is the Night, published a few years earlier in 1934. This article speculates that “Seven Years” is a preliminary outline for the “reminiscent book” that Maxwell Perkins first suggested Fitzgerald try his hand at writing in 1936—not a confessional autobiography, Perkins specified, still concerned about the damage that the “Crack-Up” essays recently published in Esquire had caused the writer’s reputation, but a look back at the stages of his life. Evidence from a handful of published works suggests Fitzgerald was already prone to think of his life in seven-year intervals; with some variations in detail, a second, similar document also headed “Seven Years” and reprinted in Matthew J. Bruccoli’s biography Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (originally published in 1981, and last revised in 2002) seems to corroborate the plan. (This location of this second sheet in the Fitzgerald papers at Princeton is unclear, however.) Had he lived long enough into the 1940s and beyond to flesh out this chart into a full-length manuscript, it might have proved his version of Stein’s The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas or Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast: a memoir that surveyed a much longer career than the one his premature death sadly cut short.
An Invisible Song
Authors: Lanius Marcela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Zelda Fitzgerald’s lone play, Scandalabra, is traditionally dismissed either as a minor literary curiosity that followed the critical and commercial failure of her only published novel, Save Me the Waltz, or as a source of domestic conflict during a turbulent, contentious time in the Fitzgeralds’ marriage when the husband accused his wife of poaching upon his artistic territory. As a result, the play has not yet been subject to proper study or commentary. A closer reading of it, however, reveals that this forgotten piece offers a fascinating, and even innovative, exercise in dramatic language, especially in its use of stage directions. By reading Scandalabra first as a text relevant to a specific movement within the tradition of theatrical realism, second as a further development of the voice its author was crafting in her short stories, and finally as a play that can benefit from a new theatrical context that understands stage directions as a place for formal and linguistic innovation, it is possible to understand the play not as an extravagance of an artist unaccustomed to writing for the theater, but rather as a conscious effort in Fitzgerald’s development as a writer.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams”
Authors: Kruse Horst H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
“A sort of 1st draft of the Gatsby idea” (Life in Letters 121), F. Scott Fitzgerald’s 1922 short story “Winter Dreams” is an assessment of his romance with Ginevra King, his first love. This article explores the wealth of direct and indirect, as well as outright arcane, references to facts and incidents in the lives of Fitzgerald and King and their relationship. It argues that in their complexity these references make sense only if the story is read as the author’s deliberate message to Ginevra, devised in continuation of their erstwhile exchange of bits of fiction written for and about each other to discuss aspects of their relationship. An extraneous reference to the autobiographical hero’s Bohemian immigrant mother—wholly incompatible with the author’s biography—likewise points beyond the fictive world of the story and acknowledges the example of Willa Cather, whose novel My Ántonia (1918) had helped Fitzgerald to conceive and shape his own story of Midwestern experience.
Julia Ward Howe, Maud Howe, and an Archival Legacy: Recordkeeping and the Library of Women’s Books at the 1884 Cotton Centennial
Authors: Tucker Susan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 1884–85, the city of New Orleans hosted a world’s fair, meant to show a New South that was unified within the whole of the United States. One facet of this welcoming vision was a Woman’s Department, where Julia Ward Howe and daughter Maud Howe gathered a literary exhibition, a library of books by women. Maud Howe left the books to the city of New Orleans, but she and her mother also left a legacy of the library’s contents in a shelf list naming the some 1,400 books. This is the story of that list, its survival set within archival theory, its survival dependent on the recordkeeping of the Howes, its affordance today of a digital recreation of the library, and its reinsertion as a once obscured placeholder within the timeline of women’s libraries.
The Design of the Carnegie Library in Danville, Illinois (1904): Rereading the Reputation of the Carnegie Library Built-Form in America
Authors: Black Alistair , Prizeman Oriel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Opened in 1904, the Carnegie public library in Danville, Illinois, was much praised as a civic institution, not only for the services it provided but also for its impressive architectural presence. Responding negatively to a request made in 1910 by the Danville Library Board for additional funding to enlarge the library, Andrew Carnegie’s private secretary and overseer of building applications and plans, James Bertram, was retrospectively critical of what he viewed as the space-wastefulness of the original Danville design. Using this criticism as a sounding board, as well as by drawing on ideas about library architecture debated by librarians over the previous generation, this article attempts to highlight the progressive elements of the Danville design, thus suggesting the possibility of a wider re-reading of the Carnegie library building type, including buildings designed before the more systematic scrutiny and guidance introduced by Carnegie from 1908.
“A Power So Compelling”: Services for African Americans and Steps Toward Integration at the Richmond Public Library, 1925–1964
Authors: Zukas Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the waning days of the Jim Crow era in Virginia, the integration of public libraries was a hotly contested issue. However, public libraries in the state capitol, Richmond, integrated in 1947. That the library system integrated prior to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling might at first suggest progressivism; however, this belies the library system’s incremental and often unwilling journey towards integration. Through an examination of the Richmond Public Library’s services for African Americans between 1925 and 1947, this study explores the circumstances preceding desegregation while considering the methods the Richmond Public Library used to maintain de facto segregation after integration. It additionally uncovers the untold story of the community advocacy that was the catalyst not just for the establishment of the library system’s first branch for African Americans, but also for the system’s eventual integration.
The American Heritage Project: A Legacy of Public Libraries and Community Discussions
Authors: Alvarez Barbara A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
From 1951 to 1955, the American Library Association’s (ALA) national reading and discussion program, the American Heritage Project, facilitated community conversations about democracy across public libraries in the United States. In partnership between the ALA and the Ford Foundation’s Fund for Adult Education, the American Heritage Project was born from decades of emerging adult education programs across the United States that existed inside and outside of public libraries. The American Heritage Project is significant because it developed a platform of discussion groups that demonstrated the library’s newly established commitment to defending intellectual freedom through adult education.
“Road of No Return”: Farview State Hospital
Authors: Stump Tyler 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Farview State Hospital was Pennsylvania's designated mental institution for the “criminally insane” from 1909 to 1995. During that time, it was frequently regarded as the state's worst institution in terms of general conditions and rehabilitation/treatment for inmates. The institution also endured several major scandals that exposed its brutal living conditions to the public. Analysis of Farview's long history (including several failed attempts to establish the hospital in the nineteenth century) lets us see the consequences of decisions made in the formative years of the institution. This article identifies the origins of these trends, controversies, and inmate conditions at Farview and places them in the larger world of transformations of attitudes toward mental health and disability, criminal justice, and institutionalization in Pennsylvania in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
“Most Deeply Hardened”: Eric T. Kunsman Photographs the Eastern State Penitentiary
Authors: Saretzky Gary D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Eric Kunsman diligently traveled to Eastern State Penitentiary (ESP) 362 times between 2003 and 2014 to photograph, inspired by reading the 1830s–1840s journals of ESP administrators who recorded the prisoners’ “moral condition.” ESP’s “Pennsylvania System” minimized social interaction among inmates, who in solitary confinement for years were expected to reform themselves through meditating on their crimes. Today ESP’s deteriorated appearance and doleful aspect is maintained by museum policy. Kunsman’s evocative work reminds us that ideas about crime and punishment have evolved over time and that artists have a role in shaping public policy regarding incarceration.
Mr. Jefferson’s Secret Agent: Tadeusz Kościuszko and the Rapprochement between France and the United States
Authors: Pula James S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
When Tadeusz Kościuszko returned to the United States in 1797, serious political divisions divided the nation, war threatened between the U.S. and France, and the wars of the French Revolution had Europe in turmoil. Each of these circumstances shaped his brief stay in America and his eventual return to Europe. This article examines the domestic political factionalism that led Thomas Jefferson, then vice president of the United States, to enlist Kościuszko as a secret agent, behind the back of President John Adams, to assist in negotiating a rapprochement with France. It also explores how the Pole’s continuing goal of supporting the independence of his homeland intersected with international relations in Europe at the time to facilitate his mission. Finally, it proposes answers as to the nature of the arguments Kościuszko made on behalf of the United States and presents evidence from primary sources that support the Pole’s role in defusing U.S.-French tensions.
Some Pythagorean type equations concerning arithmetic functions
Authors: Kézér Ildikó 
Published: March 2021

We investigate some equations involving the number of divisors d(n); the sum of divisors σ(n); Euler's totient function ϕ(n); the number of distinct prime factors ω(n); and the number of all prime factors (counted with multiplicity) Ω(n). The first part deals with equation f(xy) + f(xz) = f(yz). In the second part, as an analogy to x2 + y2 = z2, we study equation f(x2) + f(y2) = f(z2) and its generalization to higher degrees and more terms. We use just elementary methods and basic facts about the above functions and indicate why and how to discuss this topic in group study sessions or special maths classes of secondary schools in the framework of inquiry based learning.
Subject Classification: 97F60, 11A25
Politiewetenschappers en hun taboes
Authors: Meershoek Guus , Janssen Janine 
Published: March 2021

Police researchers and their taboos. A plea for mind-expanding reflections
The authors have taken a contribution from Frank Bovenkerk from 2003 as a starting point. In this text, Bovenkerk reflects on taboos in criminology. In science, in addition to independence, focus on truth-finding, a willingness to self-correct and organized skepticism, courage is also an important quality. Where Bovenkerk focuses more broadly on criminology, this contribution focuses in particular on taboos and requirements for scientists in police research.
Over hervorming in het gevangeniswezen
Authors: van Wingerden Sigrid 
Published: March 2021

On prison reform
In 1922 Honing gave a speech for the Society for the Moral Improvement of Prisoners, in which he advocated renewal in the prison system: for the sake of rehabilitation the system of solitary confinement should be replaced by a prison system in which prisoners actually share facilities and live together. His proposal for reform is theory driven and accompanied by a plan to experiment with the joint confinement before implementing it. This is in sharp contrast with contemporary prison reforms, which impair the possibilities for rehabilitation of prisoners.
Recognition of Devanagari Scene Text Using Autoencoder CNN
Authors: Shiravale Sankirti Sandeep , R Jayadevan , Sannakki Sanjeev S 
Published: March 2021

Scene text recognition is a well-rooted research domain covering a diverse application area. Recognition of scene text is challenging due to the complex nature of scene images. Various structural characteristics of the script also influence the recognition process. Text and background segmentation is a mandatory step in the scene text recognition process. A text recognition system produces the most accurate results if the structural and contextual information is preserved by the segmentation technique. Therefore, an attempt is made here to develop a robust foreground/background segmentation(separation) technique that produces the highest recognition results. A ground-truth dataset containing Devanagari scene text images is prepared for the experimentation. An encoder-decoder convolutional neural network model is used for text/background segmentation. The model is trained with Devanagari scene text images for pixel-wise classification of text and background. The segmented text is then recognized using an existing OCR engine (Tesseract). The word and character level recognition rates are computed and compared with other existing segmentation techniques to establish the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Dry Capture of Low-level CO2 from Public Indoor Spaces using Chemically Modified Carbonaceous Adsorbents - A Review
Authors: Heo Sujeong , Kim Wooram , Lee Tae Jung , Adelodun Adedeji A. , Jo Young Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although CO2 is prominent as the most important greenhouse gas, responsible for 64% of anthropogenic global warming, it is also a viable indicator for indoor air quality (IAQ). Due to the incessant increase in the human population and residence time indoors, the need to control indoor CO2 levels has become exigent. To this effect, dryphase removal technology via adsorption with zeolites, activated carbons (AC) and activated carbon fibers (ACFs) had sufficed. Chemically modified AC and ACF surfaces through alkali impregnation have been used to improve their selectivity toward CO2 at room temperature. Here we appraise the various methods in the literature and carry out performance evaluation based on the physical and chemical modification induced by the chemical agents and experimental conditions. This study reviews the improved adsorption of low concentration (0.3%) via surface reformation of commercial carbon-based adsorbents, and the highest adsorption capacity was 2.2 mmol/g CO2 at the indoor level, which was achieved by AC pellets doped with ammine functionalities.
Gibbosaverruca weijiai, a new verrucid (Crustacea, Thoracica) species from the Weijia Guyot deep-sea seamount in the West Pacific
Authors: Gan Zhibin , Zhang Dongsheng , Li Xinzheng , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: March 2021

A new species of verrucid barnacle, Gibbosaverruca weijiai sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from a deep-sea seamount, Weijia Guyot, in the West Pacific. This is the third barnacle species reported from Weijia Guyot. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by its extremely long caudal appendage. In terms of shell morphology, G. weijiai sp. nov. is most similar to G. gibbosa and G. sulcata but differs from them by the intermediate articular ridges of its movable tergum and scutum, which are distinctly wider than the axial ridges. The COI and 16S rRNA sequences of the holotype of G. weijiai sp. nov. are presented to support future research, and a key to extant species of the genus Gibbosaverruca Young, 2002 is provided.
Strategy for salvaging infected breast implants: lessons from the recovery of seven consecutive patients
Authors: Yeo Hyeonjung , Lee Dongkyu , Kim Jin Soo , Eo Pil Seon , Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Joon Seok , Kwon Ki Tae , Lee Jeeyeon , Park Ho Yong , Yang Jung Dug 
Published: March 2021

Background In recent years, implant-based breast reconstruction has been performed because of its simplicity, short operation time, and rapid recovery of patients. Several studies have reported treatment methods for implant surgery-related infection, which is a serious complication. The aim of this study was to introduce our strategy for salvaging infected implants and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods The authors performed a retrospective study of 145 cases from 132 patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction from January 2012 to December 2018. Empirical antibiotics were immediately administered to patients with suspected infections. The patients then underwent salvage treatment including appropriate antibiotics, ultrasonography-guided aspiration, debridement, antibiotic lavage, and implant exchange through a multidisciplinary approach. Patient demographics, operative data, duration until drain removal, adjuvant treatment, and complications were analyzed.
Results The total infection rate was 5.5% (8/145). A longer indwelling catheter period and adjuvant treatment were significantly associated with infection. The salvage treatment showed a success rate of 87.5% (7/8). Seven patients who received early aggressive salvage treatment recovered from infection. One patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, who received salvage treatment 11 days after symptom onset, did not respond to drainage and antibiotic treatment. That patient subsequently underwent explantation.
Conclusions In implant-based breast reconstruction, prevention of infection is of the utmost importance. However, if an infection is suspected, proactive empirical antibiotic therapy and collaboration with the necessary departments are required. Through a multidisciplinary approach and proactive early management, swift and appropriate salvage should be performed.