bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Renal Oncocytoma From Renal Cell Carcinoma Using 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT.
Authors: Tzortzakakis Antonios , Papathomas Thomas , Gustafsson Ove , Gabrielson Stefan , Trpkov Kiril , Ekström-Ehn Linnea , Bozoky Bela , Wang Wanzhong , Arvanitis Alexandros , Holstensson Maria , Karlsson Mattias , Kokaraki Georgia , Hagel Eva , Axelsson Rimma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: 99mTc-Sestamibi Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) contributes to the non-invasive differentiation of renal oncocytoma (RO) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated whether standard uptake value (SUV) SPECT, has a beneficial role in differentiating renal oncocytoma (RO) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) besides visual assessment. As a secondary aim, we evaluated the mitochondrial content of 19 oncocytic tumours arranged in a tissue microarray, by immunohistochemistry, using succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B (SDHB) protein expression. In addition to visual evaluation of 99mTc-Sestamibi uptake by characterizing renal tumours as Sestamibi positive or Sestamibi negative regarding their uptake compared to the non-tumoral renal parenchyma, SUVmean and SUVmax measurements were performed in the renal tumour and the non-tumoral renal parenchyma. Intra Class Correlation calculated to assess the intra-reader reliability of SUV measurements. ROC-analysis demonstrated an optimal cut off SUV value that differentiates RO from RCC. SDHB score was analysed using Cochran–Armitage test for trend.Results: 57 renal tumours from 52 patients were evaluated. Visual evaluation of 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT examination resulted in a sensitivity of 83%, whereas quantitative evaluation showed a sensitivity of 64% regarding the differential of RO from RCC. A significant trend (p=0,0328) of increased SDHB score found in the Sestamibi positive group.Conclusion: Quantitative evaluation with SUV SPECT measurements did not improve the performance of 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT in differentiating RO from RCC. 99mTc- Sestamibi SPECT/CT identified a larger Sestamibi-positive tumour group containing RO, Hybrid Oncocytic Chromophobe Tumours and the majority of chromophobe RCCs. Thus, Sestamibi-negative renal tumours, that are possibly malignant, should be considered for surgery. Patients with Sestamibi-positive tumours can be suited for biopsy and follow up according to active surveillance protocols. Low Grade Oncoytic Tumour, a provisional renal entity with no proven recurrence or metastatic potential, appears to be positive on 99mTc- Sestamibi SPECT/CT examination.
Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Khaled Islam , Priego Pablo , Soliman Hany , Faisal Mohamed , Saad Ihab 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The oncological outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and open gastrectomy (OG) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been investigated in a few studies. Our purpose was to evaluate the oncological outcomes of LG and OG after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) and to determine the advantages, preferences, and ease of use of the two techniques after chemotherapy.Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent either OG (n = 43) or LG (n = 41). The neoadjuvant treatment regimen consisted of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin for three cycles, which was then repeated 6 to 12 weeks after the operation for four cycles.Results The hospital stay time and intraoperative blood loss in the LG group were significantly lower than those in the OG group. The mortality rate and the 3-year survival rate for patients in the LG group were comparable to those of patients in the OG group (4.6% vs. 9.7% and 68.3% vs. 58.1%, respectively). Similar trends were observed regarding the 3-year recurrence rate and metastasis. The mean survival time was 52.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.2–61.6) in the OG group compared with 43.3 (95% CI, 36.6–49.8) in the LG group. Likewise, the mean disease-free survival was 56.1 months (95% CI, 46.36–65.8) in the LG group compared with 50.9 months (95% CI, 44.6–57.2) in the OG group.Conclusion LG is a feasible and safe alternative to OG for patients with locally advanced GC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Translation of a Circulating microRNA Signature of Melanoma to a Novel Solid-Tissue Biomarker to Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Reproducibility.
Authors: Laar Ryan Van , King Samuel , McCoy Richard , Saad Mirette , Fereday Sian , Winship Ingrid , Uzzell Catherine , Landgren Anthony 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Successful treatment of cutaneous melanoma depends on early and accurate diagnosis of clinically suspicious melanocytic skin lesions. Currently, histopathology examination of excised skin lesions is considered the ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of melanoma. Multiple studies have shown the low accuracy and reproducibility of this method, underscoring the urgent need for new diagnostic tools, including disease-specific biomarkers. Previously, a 38-microRNA signature of melanoma (‘Mel38’) was previously identified in plasma and validated as novel circulating biomarker. In this study, Mel38 expression in solid biopsy tissue is examined to determine its ability to contribute to accurate and reproducible melanoma diagnoses.Methods Nanostring digital gene expression profiling was used to apply the Mel38 signature in a cohort of 308 formalin fixed paraffin embedded skin biopsies (‘Mel38’). Genomic data were interrogated using hierarchical clustering, univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Mel38 classification scores (range 0 to 10) were compared to consensus histopathology results, including MPATH-DX class, AJCC disease stage, histological subtype as well as technical assay factors.Results The Mel38 score can identify high-risk melanomas (MPATH-Dx Class IV) from less-malignant forms of the disease with an area-under-the curve of 0.96 (P < 0.001). The genomic score ranges from 0 to 10 and is positively correlated with the melanoma progression, from benign naevi to metastatic disease (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.85). Using a score threshold of > 2.3 identifies higher-risk melanomas, associated with poorer outcomes and more intensive suggested clinical actions. Multivariate analysis showed the score to be a significant predictor of malignancy, independent of technical and clinical covariates. Analysis of the Mel38 signature in spitz naevi reveal an intra-subtype profile, in common to both benign and malignant conditions.Conclusion Melanoma-specific circulating microRNAs maintain their association with malignancy when measured in the hypothesized tissue of origin. The Mel38 signature is an accurate and reproducible metric of melanoma status, based on changes in microRNA expression that occur as the disease develops and spreads. Inclusion of the Mel38 score into routine practice would give physicians a genomic assessment of a patient’s disease status. Combining molecular biomarker data with conventional histopathology data may improve diagnostic accuracy, reproducibility, and patient outcomes.
Clogging in subsurface wastewater infiltration beds: genesis, influencing factors, identification methods and remediation strategies
Authors: Li Ying-hua , Peng Lin-lin , Li Hai-bo , Liu De-ze 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Subsurface wastewater infiltration (SWI) is an environmentally friendly technology for the advanced treatment of domestic sewage. Clogging (including physical, chemical and biological clogging) of the porous medium not only directly reduces the hydraulic load (treatment efficiency), but also reduces the service life. Although clogging has become one of the key issues discussed in several reports, there are still several gaps in understanding, especially in its occurrence process and identification. SWI clogging causes, development process and solutions are different from those of constructed wetlands. This article quotes some reports on constructed wetlands to provide technical ideas and reference for revealing SWI clogging problems. Based on the analysis of the clogging genesis, this review gathers the main factors that affect the degree of clogging, and new methods for the identification of clogging conditions. Some preventive and unclogging measures/strategies are presented. Finally, it is suggested that to effectively alleviate the clogging phenomenon and extend the service life, priority should be given to the comprehensive analysis of wastewater quality and solid constituents accumulated in the pores. Then, the effectiveness of in-situ strategies, such as alternating operation will be the main focuses of future research.
Bezoar de dinero: reporte de bezoar atípico, su manejo y una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gómez Daniel Alfonso , Cabrera Luis Felipe , Pulido Jean Andre , González González Laura Maria , Melo Infante Alix Julieth , Pastrana Peña Daniela , Pedraza Ciro Mauricio , Mendoza Zucchini Andres 
Published: April 2021

Objetivos: presentar el manejo laparoscópico en un caso de bezoar atípico y una revisión de la literatura.
Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 67 años con síndrome pilórico debido a una obstrucción intestinal por cuerpo extraño.
Resultados: se encuentra como hallazgo endoscópico un bezoar atípico (bezoar de dinero) impactado en la región prepilórica sin posibilidad de resolución por este medio, por lo cual se considera el manejo laparoscópico.
Discusión: los bezoares se definen como cualquier objeto el cual tuvo una ingesta voluntaria o involuntaria, que se aloja en alguna parte del tracto gastrointestinal superior, con mayor frecuencia a nivel gástrico, y no se puede digerir por los mecanismos fisiológicos del cuerpo; además, se clasifican según su composición.
Conclusiones: en pacientes con obstrucción intestinal alta debido a cuerpos extraños en los cuales el manejo endoscópico falla, el manejo quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo con cirugía laparoscópica es viable y eficaz.
The Effect of Legal Entity Identifiers on Audit Fee Changes
Authors: Yen Ju-Chun 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study investigates whether a client's use of a Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) is associated with audit fee changes. An LEI uniquely identifies different legal entities worldwide, making audit clients' transactions and related parties more transparent and traceable, potentially reducing auditors' costs and audit risks, as reflected in audit fee changes. Using a sample of U.S. firms, I find that audit fees increase more for LEI firms than for non-LEI firms within the first few years of LEI registration, but they increase less for LEI firms than for non-LEI firms afterward. The results support a reduction in audit costs due to LEIs, with a learning effect. I also find that audit firms' brand name and industry expertise strengthen this association. This study provides initial empirical evidence of the effects of LEI and policy implications.
The Association between Auditor Provided Tax Planning and Tax Compliance Services and Tax Avoidance and Tax Risk
Authors: Chyz James A. , Gal-Or Ronen , Naiker Vic , Sharma Divesh S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines associations between auditor provided tax compliance and tax planning services and tax avoidance and tax risk. Collectively, our results suggest that companies paying their auditors for tax planning advice are more effective tax planners (in terms of higher tax avoidance and lower tax risk) than firms that do not engage their auditor for tax work. Our tax avoidance results are more pronounced for clients of auditors with more tax expertise and longer tenure, as well as for firms with higher tax and operational complexity. We also find that our tax avoidance results hold only when firms also engage their auditors for tax compliance work, which is consistent with auditors seeking to minimize reputation threats. Our study's unique hand-collected panel dataset provides a more precise and nuanced perspective on the role auditors play in tax outcomes.
Text-Forming Function of Addition in the Later Stories of V. G. Lidin
Authors: Seagal K. Ya. 
Published: April 2021

The subject of analysis is addition as a phenomenon of language and speech, as well as the specificity of the text-forming function of addition in artistic and speech creativity. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that until now in the theory of syntax there is no generally accepted view of the essence of addition and how it is produced in speech, and it is also not considered that the text-forming function of addition is unique in different speech spheres, in particular in artistic speech creativity. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that addition is presented as a special syntactic form, characterized by its semantics and formally constructive organization and determining the assumptions and limitations of its speech implementation. The dual manifestation of the text-forming function of attachment in artistic and speech creativity is shown. The research material is based on the late stories of V. G. Lidin, included in the collection “Melting Snows” (1980): this writer, whose metapoetics is characterized by close attention to syntax, used addition with extraordinary skill. When analyzing addition constructions in three stories, it was found that the addition is produced intentionally, counting on a textual perspective. It has been established that the text-forming function of addition is manifested in the organization of compositional-semantic communication on the one hand, and in the creation of an artistic detail on the other hand.
Establishment of Highest Bureaucratic Elite in Russian Empire in 19<sup>th</sup>— Early 20<sup>th</sup> Centuries: Education and Professional Qualifications
Authors: Raskin D. I. 
Published: April 2021

The issue of the role of education and professional qualifications in the establishment of the highest bureaucratic elite in the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries is considered in the article. Particular attention is paid to the availability of special (profile) education for ministers and department directors of the main civilian departments. The connection between the attempt to differentiate the requirements for the educational qualification of officials de-pending on the type of service at the beginning of the 19th century, on the one hand, and projects to abolish civil ranks, on the other are analyzed. The results of a comparative analysis of information about education and service experience of representatives of the highest bureaucracy of various departments are presented. Special attention is paid to medical and “technical” departments, the leadership of which required special qualifications. It is shown that legal education has come to be considered a profile qualification not only for the judicial, but also for the administrative service. The age characteristics of Russian ministers at the time of their occupation of ministerial posts are given. It has been proved that the problem of raising the educational level of the Russian bureaucracy was largely solved for the upper and middle level of the Russian bureaucracy by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, but the problem of professional qualifications still existed, although significant steps were taken to resolve it.
Telemedicine for adult congenital heart disease patients during the first wave of COVID-19 era: a single center experience
Authors: Grandinetti Maria , Di Molfetta Arianna , Graziani Francesca , Delogu Angelica Bibiana , Lillo Rosa , Perri Gianluigi , Pavone Natalia , Bruno Piergiorgio , Aspromonte Nadia , Amodeo Antonio , Crea Filippo , Massetti Massimo 
Published: April 2021

Aim
To summarize our experience on the implementation of a telemedicine service dedicated to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients during the lockdown for the first wave of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
This is a prospective study enrolling all ACHD patients who answered a questionnaire dedicated telematic cardiovascular examination.

Results
A total of 289 patients were enrolled, 133 (47%) were male, 25 (9%) were affected by a genetic syndrome. The median age was 38 (29–51) years, whereas the median time interval between the last visit and the telematic follow-up was 9.5 (7.5–11.5) months. Overall, 35 patients (12%) reported a worsening of fatigue in daily life activity, 17 (6%) experienced chest pain, 42 (15%) had presyncope and 2 (1%) syncope; in addition, 28 patients (10%) presented peripheral edema and 14 (5%) were orthopneic. A total of 116 (40%) patients reported palpitations and 12 had at least one episode of atrial fibrillation and underwent successful electrical (8) or pharmacological (4) cardioversion. One patient was admitted to the emergency department for uncontrolled arterial hypertension, five for chest pain, and one for heart failure. Two patients presented fever but both had negative COVID-19 nasal swab.

Conclusion
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine dramatically increased and here we report a positive experience in ACHD patients. The postpandemic role of telemedicine will depend on permanent regulatory solutions and this early study might encourage a more systematic telematic approach for ACHD patients.
Gender and Peacekeeping
Authors: Whiting Kelly 
Published: April 2021

A major challenge for contemporary military policy makers has been the integration of gender into policy. Since 2000, Canada has opened all military roles (including combat and naval ones) to women. This includes Canadian participation in peacekeeping operations (PKO), an essential part of the national identity. From Lester B. Pearson’s work with the United Nations during the Suez crisis to missions in Haiti, Cyprus and Bosnia, Canada has been a part of multilateral operations to support peaceful resolution of conflicts throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. Tens of thousands of Canadians have served in over 40 peacekeeping and peace support operations since the 1960s (Veterans Affairs Canada, 2011, 2012). Despite the freedom to participate, women still constitute a significant minority of Canadian and UN peacekeeping forces. Yet, the nature of PKO and the roles Canadians play today has changed significantly since the end of the Cold War. The impact of armed conflict on women has dramatically increased and the violation of women’s rights has become a focal point in most modern conflicts. Due to the changes in conflicts and the role of a peacekeeper, the integration of gender into all aspects of peacekeeping operations would significantly increase their operational effectiveness. I will begin by explaining the types of modern peacekeeping operations, defining the concept of gender and discussing how operational effectiveness of peacekeeping is measured. Utilizing this definition of operational effectiveness, this presentation will explore how the inclusion of gender will increase operational effectiveness from two perspectives – that of the peacekeeper and that of the victim.
Word-Level Stress Is to Decoding as Phrase-Level Stress Is to Reading Comprehension: A Study of Prosodic Influence in Children’s Reading Development
Authors: Palm-Leis Marth 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine how the use of prosody in spoken language can effect reading development and later, reading ability as an adult. Research shows that individuals who can identify which syllables or words are emphasized within a phrase also have more advanced decoding abilities (i.e. are more proficient at translating letters into speech sounds) and have more advanced reading comprehension. To date, there has been little research examining the precise method by which this awareness of emphasis or “stress” at the word-level and the phrase-level uniquely contribute to reading ability. In this study, I predict that adults’ word-level stress awareness will be more strongly predictive of their word decoding ability than their reading comprehension. I also postulate that adult’s awareness of stress at the phrase-level will be more predictive of their reading comprehension than decoding, when word-level stress sensitivity is removed from the equation. Eighty students from Queen’s University were recruited to participate in two 60-minute interview sessions, during which completed a battery of reading and executive functioning tasks. Multiple regression analyses will be conducted to evaluate the relationship between the measures of interest. The results from this study will benefit elementary school teachers, speech-language pathologists and others working towards providing children with a solid foundation in the spoken language from which their literacy skills can grow. These results may also have important implications for the development of educational programs for individuals with specific reading impairments.
Assessment of Road Mortality in the Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata)
Authors: Shacker Andrew , Scrivens Nick , Tupper Jason , Witherspoon Katherine 
Published: April 2021

The Spotted Turtle (Clemmy guttata), a small freshwater turtle species, prefer shallow wetland habitats, and are restricted to eastern North America, predominantly in southern Ontario along the southern shores of the Great Lakes. However, the Spotted Turtle has been classified as ‘vulnerable’ (a species of special concern) by COSEWIC since 1991, owing to the 35% decline of the population throughout the past century. This is primarily of concern regarding reductions of ecosystem biodiversity, and further anthropogenic pressures will drive the species towards further endangerment. High rates of road mortality are considered a key actor in facilitating a decline in the Spotted Turtle population. A study by Ashley and Robinson (1996) found that approximately 25% of annual Spotted Turtle deaths are a direct result of roadway incidents, around the Long Point Causeway, bordering Lake Erie. By utilizing data from Long Point, the extent of road mortality of the Spotted Turtle will be characterized by analyzing the proportions of deaths in high-density versus low-density roadways. There is varied response to the effectiveness of various solutions to minimize road mortality, including a vegetation management approach boarding roadways, subterranean passages, barriers along roadsides, and influencing and informing in decision-making processes. With the Sandy Pines Wildlife Center, Napanee, reductions in roadway mortality rates will decline along the 401 by increasing both public and private sector awareness regarding the issue of Spotted Turtle road mortality. Recommendations to communities and government entities will be made to facilitate the improvement of the status of Spotted Turtle.
Bardet-Biedl syndrome with chronic kidney disease-CKD G5: a rare case report from India
Authors: Tatapudi Ravi Raju , Rentala Satyanarayana , Varada Ramya , Komarraju Aruna Lakshmi , Pusapati Anusha 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal ciliopathy disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding the proteins localized in primary cilia or basal body complex resulting in derangement of functions of various systemic organs containing cilia. The syndrome is characterized by classic phenotype features. Renal failure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients and early detection offers disease management benefit.

Case Presentation:
We report for the first time in India, a case of BBS in advanced renal failure chronic kidney disease due to mutation in BBS12 gene, confirmed by next-generation sequencing. We also present clinical data, molecular genetics, and treatment of BBS.

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis will help in the management of renal failure, thereby progression of the disease may be retarded. Further genetic mutations in all BBS genes can be studied by routine genotyping of all patients and followed up clinically.