bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HCT Index: a typology and index of health conspiracy theories with examples of use
Authors: Stubbersfield Joseph M. , Widger Tom , Russell Andrew J. , Tehrani Jamshid J. 
Published: July 2021

Background:Conspiracy theories regarding vaccination programmes, medical side effects, and cover-ups by governments or pharmaceutical companies are prevalent in many countries and have highly detrimental and far-reaching effects on people’s wellbeing. For research and policymaking in public health, it is vital to understand the nature, construction and dissemination of these health conspiracy theories (HCTs). Inspired by tale typologies developed in folkloristics, this paper presents a typology and index of international HCTs as a tool for researchers to identify and categorise the HCTs they come across, and to provide a pool of examples of HCTs which could be used in various fields of research. To illustrate this, two studies are also presented (Study 1 and Study 2).Methods:HCTs were collected from relevant academic literature, news journalism, a survey of known health-related, general conspiracy theorist websites, and web searches based around known HCTs. From this, 14 core types were identified, and a numbered index was constructed with brief descriptions, examples, and motifs. Study 1 is a survey of HCT exposure and belief in the UK. Study 2 is a focus group discussion of health rumours in rural Sri Lanka including discussion of HCTs.Results:The HCT Index provides valuable insights into the international dissemination of HCTs. Study 1 found that familiarity with and belief in HCTs were high: 97% of Britons are familiar with at least one HCT and 49% of Britons believed that at least one HCT was likely to be true. Study 2 highlighted concerns over threats to fertility and about how to verify information that falls outside of typical experience.Conclusions:The HCT Index provides a useful framework for future cross-cultural research. As a typology it encompasses a wide range of beliefs which can be more effectively categorized and compared and, ultimately, challenged.
O ESPAÇO PÚBLICO NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE E NO FUTURO: O UTOPISMO QUANDO APLICADO
Authors: Franciscon Anderson , Bovo Marcos Clair 
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Na contemporaneidade, o espaço público urbano, mais precisamente: as ruas, calçadas, parques e praças, por muitas vezes, têm seu uso e funções subutilizadas, conflituosas, predominando o desvio de função, o medo e a diferença em contraponto ao espaço público autêntico, ou seja, aquele de livre acesso, tanto físico, quanto simbólico. Com a popularização do automóvel, com o aumento da violência e com a baixa qualidade formal e funcional do espaço público contemporâneo, temos uma problemática em curso, ou seja, espaços públicos que já não cumprem sua função. Objetivo: Dessa forma, visando maximizar seu uso e reduzir seus conflitos, propomos como objetivo refletir sobre os estudos desenvolvidos acerca do espaço público ideal e utópico. Para tanto, levantamos os seguintes questionamentos: a) o que é um bom espaço público? b) o que visa um espaço público utópico? c) o que vem sendo idealizado e já implantado? Metodologia: Nosso aporte metodológico teve por base a pesquisa bibliográfica. Resultados: Dentre os resultados, destacamos que no utopismo a coexistência (sociocultural, ambiental e entre modais de transportes) constitui a sua principal característica. Já o bom espaço público é aquele capaz de despertar o desejo de permanência de seus usuários. Conclusão: O espaço público utópico demandará impactante mudança socioespacial em nossas cidades, considerando novas mobilidades, energias alternativas, recriação da paisagem primária e, principalmente, primar pela coexistência.
Contribuições do Maracatu de Baque Virado na Educação Antirracista
Authors: Julio Michele Távora 
Published: July 2021

A criança quando brinca movimenta-se descobrindo além do seu corpo, o mundo e reinventa-se a cada desafio que lhe é proposto. Nesse processo relaciona-se com a cultura e o universo em que vive e desvenda a cada dia, dando significado a ele. Este artigo teve como objetivo geral descrever e refletir sobre a rotina e as características do desenvolvimento das crianças da Nação do Maracatu Porto Rico, localizada na Comunidade do Bode, em Recife-PE, a fim de compreender com mais apreço as particularidades da construção da identidade destas crianças e sua contribuição para uma Educação Antirracista. De natureza qualitativa e descritiva, foram analisados os documentos nacionais relativos à Educação Infantil e Relações Étnico-Raciais, evidenciando entrelaçamentos subjetivos com acontecimentos reais, das relações étnico-raciais na Educação. A pesquisa compreendeu o período do Carnaval 2016, acompanhando todo o processo carnavalesco que começou em setembro de 2015 até o momento final, com o desfile das agremiações campeãs. A Nação do Maracatu Porto Rico desempenha papel civilizacional na vida das crianças, com a incumbência de preservar a história de resistência da Comunidade do Bode, e atua na manutenção da luta contra o racismo e o preconceito religioso, e a valorização do (a) negro (a) que revela em sua estrutura a origem de matrizes africanas ou já elaboradas como afro-brasileira.
Two-year postoperative MRI appearances of anterior cruciate ligament hamstrings autografts are not correlated with functional outcomes, anterior laxity, or patient age
Authors: Bouguennec Nicolas , Robinson James , Douiri Adil , Graveleau Nicolas , Colombet Philippe D. 
Published: July 2021

Aims MRI has been suggested as an objective method of assessing anterior crucate ligament (ACL) graft “ligamentization” after reconstruction. It has been proposed that the MRI appearances could be used as an indicator of graft maturity and used as part of a return-to-sport assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between MRI graft signal and postoperative functional scores, anterior knee laxity, and patient age at operation. Methods A consecutive cohort of 149 patients who had undergone semitendinosus autograft ACL reconstruction, using femoral and tibial adjustable loop fixations, were evaluated retrospectively postoperatively at two years. All underwent MRI analysis of the ACL graft, performed using signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) and the Howell score. Functional outcome scores (Lysholm, Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective, and IKDC objective) were obtained and all patients underwent instrumented side-to-side anterior laxity differential laxity testing. Results Two-year postoperative mean outcome scores were: Tegner 6.5 (2 to 10); Lysholm 89.8 (SD 10.4; 52 to 100); and IKDC subjective 86.8 (SD 11.8; 51 to 100). The objective IKDC score was 86% A (128 patients), 13% B (19 patients), and 1% C (two patients). Mean side-to-side anterior laxity difference (134 N force) was 0.6 mm (SD 1.8; -4.1 to 5.6). Mean graft SNQ was 2.0 (SD 3.5; -14 to 17). Graft Howell scores were I (61%, 91 patients), II (25%, 37 patients), III (13%, 19 patients), and IV (1%, two patients). There was no correlation between either Howell score or SNQ with instrumented anterior or Lysholm, Tegner, and IKDC scores, nor was any correlation found between patient age and ACL graft SNQ or Howell score. Conclusion The two-year postoperative MRI appearances of four-strand, semitendinosus ACL autografts (as measured by SNQ and Howell score) do not appear to have a relationship with postoperative functional scores, instrumented anterior laxity, or patient age at surgery. Other tools for analysis of graft maturity should be developed. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):569–575.
Design and fabrication of a downlight luminaire with a dual frusto-conical reflector
Authors: Hsin Shang-Yu , Hsu Cheng-Chih , Chen Nien-Po , Ye Chen-Yu , Ji Guan-Yu , Huang Ke-Cheng , Hsieh Hung-Chih , Wu Chyan-Chyi , Dai Ching-Liang 
Published: July 2021

A design method and corresponding fabrication procedures are proposed for a dual frusto-conical reflector of a downlight luminaire. The profile of the dual frusto-conical reflector consists of two flat-slant reflective surfaces with slightly different slopes. The optimum dual frusto-conical reflector can be obtained with the proposed design method. The finished product of the dual frusto-conical reflector is fabricated by a 3D printer and followed by surface polishing and reflection paint spraying. The measurement results show that luminaires exhibited 70% optimum illuminance confined within an illumination area of

1.8

m

2

, and the optimum illumination intensity is at 252 lux. The optimum efficiency of the proposed luminaire can reach 158 lm/W for normal-white light-emitting diode (LED) and 119 lm/W for warm-white LED, respectively.
Material survey for a millimeter-wave absorber using a 3D-printed
mold
Authors: Otsuka T. , Adachi S. , Hattori M. , Sakurai Y. , Tajima O. 
Published: July 2021

Radio absorptive materials (RAMs) are key elements for receivers in the millimeter-wave
range. We previously established a method for production of RAM by
using a 3D-printed mold. An advantage of this method is a wide range
of choices for absorptive materials to be used. To take advantage of
this flexibility, we added a range of absorptive materials to a base
epoxy resin, STYCAST-2850FT, and examined the optical performance of
the resultant RAM across a wide frequency range under cryogenic
conditions. We found that adding a particular type of carbon fiber
produced the best performance with a reflectance at 77 K estimated as
0.01%–3% over a frequency range of 20–300 GHz.
Direct laser writing spiral Sagnac waveguide for ultrahigh magnetic field sensing
Authors: Zhang Dengwei , Zhang Zhihang , Wei Heming , Qiu Jianrong , Krishnaswamy Sridhar 
Published: July 2021

A high-birefringence spiral Sagnac waveguide (SSW) device fabricated via direct laser writing (DLW) using a two-photon polymerization (2PP) technique is proposed, designed, and experimentally demonstrated as an ultrahigh magnetic field sensor. The sensor comprises a Y-style tapered waveguide and an SSW containing two microfluidic channels. The SSW has a total length of

∼
2.4

mm

and a spiral radius of

∼
200

μm

. Due to the asymmetric structure, the SSW has a high birefringence of 0.016, which can be designed as a magnetic field sensor, as a magnetic fluid can be filled into the microfluidic channel changing the guiding mode and the birefringence and consequently leading to a change in phase of the interferometer when the applied magnetic field changes. The experimental results show that the proposed photonic device has a sensitivity to magnetic fields as high as 0.48 nm/Oe within a range from 10 to 100 Oe. The proposed device is very stable and easy to fabricate, and it can therefore be used for weak magnetic field detection.
Social determinants associated with Zika virus infection in pregnant women
Authors: Nery Nivison , Aguilar Ticona Juan P. , Gambrah Claudia , Doss-Gollin Simon , Aromolaran Adeolu , Rastely-Júnior Valmir , Lessa Millani , Sacramento Gielson A. , Cruz Jaqueline S. , de Oliveira Daiana , dos Santos Laiara Lopes , da Silva Crislaine G. , Botosso Viviane F. , Soares Camila P. , Araujo Danielle Bastos , Oliveira Danielle B. , dos Santos Alves Rubens Prince , Andreata-Santos Robert , Durigon Edison L. , de Souza Ferreira Luís Carlos , Wunder Elsio A. , Khouri Ricardo , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , de Siqueira Isadora C. , Almeida Antônio R. P. , Reis Mitermayer G. , Ko Albert I. , Costa Federico 
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the sociodemographic determinants associated with exposure to Zika Virus (ZIKV) in pregnant women during the 2015–2016 epidemic in Salvador, Brazil.

Methods
We recruited women who gave birth between October 2015 and January 2016 to a cross-sectional study at a referral maternity hospital in Salvador, Brazil. We collected information on their demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics, and evaluated their ZIKV exposure using a plaque reduction neutralization test. Logistic regression was then used to assess the relationship between these social determinants and ZIKV exposure status.

Results
We included 469 pregnant women, of whom 61% had a positive ZIKV result. Multivariate analysis found that lower education (adjusted Prevalence Rate [aPR] 1.21; 95%CI 1.04–1.35) and food insecurity (aPR 1.17; 95%CI 1.01–1.30) were positively associated with ZIKV exposure. Additionally, age was negatively associated with the infection risk (aPR 0.99; 95%CI 0.97–0.998).

Conclusion
Eve after controlling for age, differences in key social determinants, as education and food security, were associated with the risk of ZIKV infection among pregnant women in Brazil. Our findings elucidate risk factors that can be targeted by future interventions to reduce the impact of ZIKV infection in this vulnerable population.
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in Malawian children with diarrheal disease
Authors: Iroh Tam Pui-Ying , Chisala Mphatso , Nyangulu Wongani , Thole Herbert , Nyirenda James 
Published: July 2021

Background
Respiratory cryptosporidiosis has been documented in children with diarrhea. We sought to describe the dynamics of respiratory involvement in children hospitalized with gastrointestinal (GI) diarrheal disease.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, observational longitudinal study of Malawian children 2–24 months hospitalized with diarrhea. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, induced sputum and stool specimens were collected. Participants that were positive by Cryptosporidium PCR in any of the three compartments were followed up with fortnightly visits up to 8 weeks post-enrollment.

Results
Of the 162 children recruited, participants had mild-moderate malnutrition (mean HAZ -1.6 (SD 2.1)), 37 (21%) were PCR-positive for Cryptosporidium at enrollment (37 stool, 11 sputum, and 4 NP) and 27 completed the majority of follow-up visits (73%). Cryptosporidium was detected in all compartments over the 4 post-enrollment visits, most commonly in stool (100% at enrollment with mean cycle thresholds (Ct) of 28.8±4.3 to 44% at 8 weeks with Ct 29.9±4.1), followed by sputum (31% at enrollment with mean Ct 31.1±4.4 to 20% at 8 weeks with Ct 35.7±2.6), then NP (11% with mean Ct 33.5±1.0 to 8% with Ct 36.6±0.7). Participants with Cryptosporidium detection in both the respiratory and GI tract over the study period reported respiratory and GI symptoms in 81% and 62% of study visits, respectively, compared to 68% and 27%, respectively, for those with only GI detection, and had longer GI shedding (17.5±6.6 v. 15.9±2.9 days).

Conclusion
Cryptosporidium was detected in both respiratory and GI tracts throughout the 8 weeks post-enrollment. The development of therapeutics for Cryptosporidium in children should target the respiratory as well as GI tract.
Application of a decision tree model in the early identification of severe patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Wang Bohao , He Zhiquan , Yi Zhijie , Yuan Chun , Suo Wenshuai , Pei Shujun , Li Yi , Ma Hongxia , Wang Haifeng , Xu Bianli , Guo Wanshen , Huang Xueyong 
Published: July 2021

Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease with a fatality of up to 30%. To identify the severity of SFTS precisely and quickly is important in clinical practice.

Methods
From June to July 2020, 71 patients admitted to the Infectious Department of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 990 Hospital were enrolled in this study. The most frequently observed symptoms and laboratory parameters on admission were collected by investigating patients’ electronic records. Decision trees were built to identify the severity of SFTS. Accuracy and Youden’s index were calculated to evaluate the identification capacity of the models.

Results
Clinical characteristics, including body temperature (p = 0.011), the size of the lymphadenectasis (p = 0.021), and cough (p = 0.017), and neurologic symptoms, including lassitude (p<0.001), limb tremor (p<0.001), hypersomnia (p = 0.009), coma (p = 0.018) and dysphoria (p = 0.008), were significantly different between the mild and severe groups. As for laboratory parameters, PLT (p = 0.006), AST (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CK (p = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild and severe groups of SFTS patients. A decision tree based on laboratory parameters and one based on demographic and clinical characteristics were built. Comparing with the decision tree based on demographic and clinical characteristics, the decision tree based on laboratory parameters had a stronger prediction capacity because of its higher accuracy and Youden’s index.

Conclusion
Decision trees can be applied to predict the severity of SFTS.
Attitudes towards gender roles and prevalence of intimate partner violence perpetrated against pregnant and postnatal women: Differences between women immigrants from conflict-affected countries and women born in Australia
Authors: Hicks Madelyn Hsiao-Rei , Mohsin Mohammed , Silove Derrick , Fisher Jane , Moussa Batool , Steel Zachary , Nancarrow Heather , Nadar Nawal , Klein Louis , Hasoun Fatima , Yousif Mariam , Khalil Batoul , Krishna Yalini , Rees Susan J. 
Published: July 2021

Background
The aim was to compare, for the first time in a large systematic study, women born in conflict-affected countries who immigrated to Australia with women born in Australia for attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV and the actual prevalence of IPV. The study also examined if any associations remained across the two timepoints of pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods
Women were interviewed during their first visit to one of three Australian public hospital antenatal clinics and re-interviewed at home six months after giving birth. A total of 1111 women completed both interviews, 583 were born in conflict-affected countries and 528 born in Australia. Associations between attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV, socio-demographic characteristics and reported actual experiences of IPV were examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
Attitudes toward inequitable gender roles including those that condone men’s use of IPV, and prevalence of IPV, were significantly higher (p<0.001) among women born in conflict-affected countries compared to Australia-born women. Women born in conflict-affected countries with the strongest held attitudes towards gender roles and men’s use of IPV had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 3.18 for IPV at baseline (95% CI 1.85–5.47) and an aOR of 1.83 for IPV at follow-up (95% CI 1.11–3.01). Women born in Australia with the strongest held attitudes towards gender roles and IPV had an aOR of 7.12 for IPV at baseline (95% CI 2.12–23.92) and an aOR of 10.59 for IPV at follow-up (95% CI 2.21–50.75).

Conclusions
Our results underscore the need for IPV prevention strategies sensitively targeted to communities from conflict-affected countries, and for awareness among clinicians of gender role attitudes that may condone men’s use of IPV, and the associated risk of IPV. The study supports the need for culturally informed national strategies to promote gender equality and to challenge practices and attitudes that condone men’s violence in spousal relationships.
Prognostic value of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I in heart failure patients with mid-range and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lokaj Petr , Spinar Jindrich , Spinarova Lenka , Malek Filip , Ludka Ondrej , Krejci Jan , Ostadal Petr , Vondrakova Dagmar , Labr Karel , Spinarova Monika , Pavkova Goldbergova Monika , Miklikova Marie , Helanova Katerina , Parenicova Ilona , Jakubo Vladimir , Benesova Klara , Miklik Roman , Jarkovsky Jiri , Ondrus Tomas , Parenica Jiri 
Published: July 2021

Background
The identification of high-risk heart failure (HF) patients makes it possible to intensify their treatment. Our aim was to determine the prognostic value of a newly developed, high-sensitivity troponin I assay (Atellica®, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF < 40%) and HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF) (LVEF 40%–49%).

Methods and results
A total of 520 patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF were enrolled in this study. Two-year all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and/or left ventricular assist device implantation were defined as the primary endpoints (EP). A logistic regression analysis was used for the identification of predictors and development of multivariable models. The EP occurred in 14% of the patients, and these patients had higher NT-proBNP (1,950 vs. 518 ng/l; p < 0.001) and hs-cTnI (34 vs. 17 ng/l, p < 0.001) levels. C-statistics demonstrated that the optimal cut-off value for the hs-cTnI level was 17 ng/l (AUC 0.658, p < 0.001). Described by the AUC, the discriminatory power of the multivariable model (NYHA > II, NT-proBNP, hs-cTnI and urea) was 0.823 (p < 0.001). Including heart failure hospitalization as the component of the combined secondary endpoint leads to a diminished predictive power of increased hs-cTnI.

Conclusion
hs-cTnI levels ≥ 17 ng/l represent an independent increased risk of an adverse prognosis for patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF. Determining a patient’s hs-cTnI level adds prognostic value to NT-proBNP and clinical parameters.
La utopía clásico-induista, clave del primer conservadurismo religioso
Authors: Armenteros Carolina 
Published: July 2021

El primer conservadurismo era una corriente política a veces reacia a comunicar sus ideas de manera directa, por lo que frecuentemente se expresaba a través de la historia y de la erudición. Desde las primeras descripciones jesuitas de la India en el siglo XVI hasta el ocaso del misticismo histórico-romántico trescientos años después, este artículo narra la historia de la utopía clásico-indianista que acabaría transmitiendo los ideales del primer conservadurismo religioso. El texto examina, entre otros temas, la indología jesuita, el romanticismo alemán, la política educativa rusa y el misticismo francófono histórico-romántico. En lugar de considerar al orientalismo y los estudios clásicos como el entretenimiento inconsecuente de una élite educada, el artículo argumenta que estas ocupaciones formaron una parte integral de la civilización europea decimonónica. La utopía clásico-indianista contribuyó a fundar la etnología y la lingüística comparada, a fomentar la erudición histórica y científica, a crear nuevas instituciones públicas y a establecer las humanidades frente al cientismo como las bases de la educación europea. Desde un punto de vista metodológico, el artículo propone igualmente esta utopía como la clave de un movimiento político y religioso cuyos ideales podrían de otra manera pasar desapercibidos o ser difíciles de vislumbrar.
A karanténoktatás tapasztalatai szegregátumban és azon kívül
Authors: Németh Szilvia , Rajnai Richárd , Cziboly Ádám , Bethlenfalvy Ádám 
Published: July 2021

A magyar közoktatás rendszerének legnagyobb közelmúltbeli kihívását az online oktatás 2020. márciusi bevezetése jelentette, egyúttal rengeteg tanulsággal járt: egyebek mellett arról, hogyan szerveződik újra az oktatás/tanulás folyamata a digitális térben, miképpen alakulnak át a tanár-, szülő- és diákszerepek, hogyan változnak meg a közoktatás szereplői közötti kommunikációs folyamatok, illetőleg mi jellemzi a megváltozott körülmények között, az „iskolai” médiahasználatot? Ezekre a kérdésekre is választ kerestünk, amikor – e folyamattal egyidőben – a nemzetközi standard vizsgálatokhoz kapcsolódva, empirikus kutatásokat végeztünk a 13-17 év közötti gyermekek online tanulási és internethasználati szokásairól.
A jelen tanulmány fókuszcsoportos interjúk eredményeire támaszkodva mutatja be és értelmezi az online oktatás három hónapjára jellemző újfajta médiahasználati szokásokat, a különböző szülői, tanulói és tanári tapasztalatokat, a jellegzetes, szociokulturálisan is meghatározott problémamegoldási stratégiákat.