bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« Idol with feet of clay »: reliable predictions of forest ecosystem functioning require flawless climate forcings
Authors: Jourdan M. , François C. , Delpierre N. , Martin St-Paul N. , Dufrêne E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClimate change affects various aspects of the functioning of ecosystem, especially photosynthesis, respiration and carbon storage. We need accurate modelling approaches (impact models) to simulate the functioning, vitality and provision of ecosystem services of forests in a warmer world. These impact models require climate data as forcings, which are often produced by climate models comparing more or less well with observational climate data. The bias percentage of the climate forcings propagates throughout the modeling chain from the climate model to the impact model.In this study, we aimed to quantify these bias percentage, addressing three questions: (1) Do the impact model predictions vary when forcing it with different climate models, and how do the predictions under climate model vs. observational climate forcing differ? (2) Does the variability in the impact climate simulations caused by climate forcings fade out at large spatial scale? (3) How the fact of using simulated climatic data affects the process-based model predictions in the case of stressful events?To answer these questions, we present results obtained over the historical period (e.g. 1970-2010) with the CASTANEA ecophysiological forest model and use the data from three climate models. Our analysis focuses on French forests, studying European beech (Fagus sylvatica), temperate deciduous oaks (Quercus roburandQ. petraea), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) monospecific stands.We show that prediction of photosynthesis, respiration and wood growth highly depends on the climate model used, whether debiased or not, and also on species and region considered. Overall, we observed an improvement of prediction after a monthly mean bias or monthly quantile mapping correction for three model considered, but not with the same success. Then we highlighted a large variability in the processes simulated by the impact model under different climate forcings when considering the plot (i.e. scale of a few hectares) scale. This variability fades out at larger scale (e.g. the scale of an ecological region, i.e. 100 km2), owing to an aggregation effect. Moreover, process predictions obtained under different climate forcings are more variable during driest years. These results highlight the necessity to quantify bias and uncertainties in climate forcings before predicting fluxes dynamics with process-based model.
Understanding self‐affirmation effects: The moderating role of self‐esteem
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Yzer Marco 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesWhether people benefit from self‐affirmation in overcoming resistance to health messages may depend on their level of self‐esteem. However, extant theories offer rival hypotheses about the role of self‐esteem. We pitted these hypotheses against each other, building on the argument that how self‐esteem shapes self‐affirmation effects may depend on how and when people self‐affirm.DesignA 3 (Self‐affirmation type: value essay, attribute scale, control task) by 2 (Timing: pre‐message, post‐message) plus 1 (message‐only) experimental, between‐subjects design.MethodsParticipants (N = 422) completed a value essay, an attribute scale, a control task, or no task, either before or after reading a message about health risks of excessive drinking. Participants then completed defensiveness and message acceptance measures.ResultsSelf‐esteem moderated self‐affirmation effects across different types and timing of self‐affirmation. While participants with relatively high self‐esteem consistently benefited from self‐affirmation, participants with relatively low self‐esteem experienced adverse effects from self‐affirmation. Self‐affirmed participants with high self‐esteem showed lower psychological discomfort, lower personal risk discounting, and higher message acceptance than unaffirmed participants, while self‐affirmed participants with low self‐esteem showed higher psychological discomfort, higher personal risk discounting, and lower message acceptance than unaffirmed participants.ConclusionsThese findings support the proposition that self‐esteem serves as affirmational resources, which implies that self‐affirmation interventions to reduce defensiveness to health messages may be beneficial for people with high self‐esteem but less so for people with lower self‐esteem. Similar to much other self‐esteem research, self‐esteem was negatively skewed, which warrants caution in generalization of the findings across all levels of self‐esteem.
Helicobacterpylori inhibits autophagic flux and promotes its intracellular survival and colonization by down‐regulating SIRT1
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Bo , Gao Wei , An Yifei , Dong Guoying , Jia Jihui , Yang Qing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the strong risk factor for a series of gastric pathological changes. Persistent colonization of H. pylori leading to chronic infection is responsible for gastritis and malignancy. Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved process which can protect cells and organisms from bacterial infection. Here, we demonstrated that H. pylori infection induced autophagosome formation but inhibited autophagic flux. SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, was down‐regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by H. pylori infection in gastric cells. Further investigation showed that the transcriptional factor RUNX3 accounted for down‐regulation of SIRT1 in H. pylori‐infected gastric cells. SIRT1 promoted autophagic flux in gastric cells and activation of SIRT1 restored the autophagic flux inhibited by H. pylori infection. Furthermore, SIRT1 exerted inhibitory effects on intracellular survival and colonization of H. pylori. And activation of autophagic flux in SIRT1‐inhibited gastric cells could significantly reduce intracellular load of H. pylori. Moreover, the relationship between H. pylori infection and SIRT1 expression was identified in clinical specimen. Our findings define the importance of SIRT1 in compromised autophagy induced by H. pylori infection and bacterial intracellular colonization. These results provide evidence that SIRT1 can serve as a therapeutic target to eradicate H. pylori infection.
A mixed‐methods study to evaluate the acceptability of information leaflets for breast cancer screening
Authors: Fernández‐Feito Ana , Canga‐Gutiérrez Carlos , Paz‐Zulueta María 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo obtain feedback regarding the comprehension and acceptability of an information leaflet on breast cancer screening among women.BackgroundWomen usually receive a leaflet inviting them to participate in breast cancer screening programmes for early detection of breast cancer. These leaflets include relevant information about mammograms to aid with decision‐making. It is important to know how the target population perceives these leaflets, as this may influence the attitude towards breast cancer screening.DesignA mixed‐methods study (concurrent triangulation design).MethodsParticipants were 41 women aged between 40–60 years in the north of Spain. The leaflet included information about breast cancer, mammograms, benefits/risks of screening, and the breast cancer mortality and survival rates in relation to screening. Three written methods were used to assess the leaflet: a readability assessment (Flesch Index) and two comprehension assessments (Cloze and multiple‐choice questions). In addition, 26 semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the women's opinions regarding comprehension, acceptability and the contribution of the leaflet as a decision aid. The COREQ checklist was used to guarantee the quality and rigour of the qualitative study.ResultsOverall, women found the leaflet fairly easy to read and most understood the content. Some women found the information on mortality alarming, difficult to understand and a cause for rejection. The leaflet was viewed as a decision aid, although further information was requested on mammograms, the need for complementary tests and the risks and symptoms of breast cancer.ConclusionThe leaflet was accepted by women and, overall, easy to understand. The participation of the target population enabled the content and format of the leaflet to be adjusted to their needs.Relevance for clinical practiceNurses can contribute towards improving the breast cancer screening leaflets, considering women's perceptions surrounding screening.
ACCOUNTING FOR GROWTH IN HISTORY
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro , Vonyó Tamás , Voskoboynikov Ilya B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe contributions to this Special Issue present the state of the art of growth accounting in economic history, exhibiting its strengths and weaknesses. Three set of articles compose the issue: comparative papers that discuss the challenges ahead, long‐run perspectives on Britain since the Industrial Revolution, Japan, Italy and Spain from the late‐19th century, and Latin America during the 200 years since independence, and post‐World War II episodes under Soviet and Fabian socialism and the transition to market economies in Eastern Europe and India. The papers reveal how sensitive the interpretation of results is to the quality of output and inputs and the growth accounting procedure employed and the need to adopt the new developments in growth accounting to improve economic history narrative.
Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis with mycobacteremia after kidney transplantation: A case report
Authors: Ramírez‐Sánchez Isabel Cristina , García Karen , Nieto‐Ríos John Fredy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients have a higher risk of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TB) compared to the general population. Recognized risk factors are immunosuppressant use, graft dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus, and co‐infections by other opportunists. Most of the active TB cases reported in solid organ transplant recipients occur in kidney transplant patients, especially if they come from M tuberculosis‐endemic areas. Extrapulmonary and disseminated TB are among the wide spectrum of clinical presentations found, but the lungs are the most common organ affected. Disseminated disease occurs in up to a third of the affected population, however, multifocal osteoarticular TB with mycobacteremia is unusual. We report the case of a kidney transplant patient with disseminated M tuberculosis infection, who presented with multifocal skeletal TB.
Temperature Effects in a Laminar Compressible-Fluid Boundary Layer Along a Flat Plate
Authors: Emmons H. W. , Brainerd J. G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper the two-dimensional boundary-layer problem of the steady laminar flow of a perfect gas along a thin flat insulated plate has been solved for a wide range of gas velocities and properties. It is found that compressibility and Prandtl number do not introduce any new phenomena, but do alter the drag on the plate, the equilibrium temperature of the plate, and the velocity and temperature distribution through the boundary layer. The drag coefficient for the plate is given by Equation [24] together with Fig. 2. The temperature of the plate is given by Equation [27 a or b], and approximately by Equation [26] or by Figs. 3 or 4. Typical velocity and temperature distributions are given in Figs. 5 to 10, inclusive.
Analysis of Longitudinal Motions in Trains of Several Cars
Authors: Dudley Winston M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Heretofore, longitudinal motions in trains have usually been studied by assuming that the train can be replaced by a bar whose mass and elasticity are uniformly distributed. By means of a long-neglected branch of mathematics known as “difference equations,” it is easy to solve motion problems for trains of concentrated masses connected by springs.
Motion curves are given for a train of five uniform cars, also for one of five nonuniform cars, following a bump at one end. A motion curve is given for the uniform train when constant forces are applied in succession to the cars. The methods shown make it possible to find the effect of any ordinary force system in far less time than by older procedures.
The velocity of waves of force in a train is discussed. It is shown that the elastic-bar assumption gives large errors for this speed. A better approximation is suggested.
Torsional and Flexural Buckling of Bars of Thin-Walled Open Section Under Compressive and Bending Loads
Authors: Goodier J. N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The observed behavior of torsionally weak columns in buckling by twisting rather than, or as well as, bending is analyzed in this paper on the basis of a hypothesis due to Wagner. The theory is simplified, and extended to the general section, where results simpler than some already obtained by Kappus are given. It is further extended to bars, restrained by flexible sheets, and bars with constrained axes of rotation. Wagner’s hypothesis is applied to the problem of lateral buckling, where it yields the accepted theory for symmetrical sections, but indicates results of novel form for unsymmetrical cases. Similar results are obtained in the problem of eccentric thrust, whatever the section.
The cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: Focus on acute cardiac injury
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Rajani Ronak 
Published: February 2021

At the end of 2019 a novel coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by the severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was designated COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) by the World Health Organization in early 2020. Up to 80% of patients with COVID-19 experience mild symptoms with severe or critical disease occurring in the remaining 20%. Severe disease is manifested by the development of pneumonia, hypoxia and radiographic lung involvement while critical disease indicates multiorgan involvement with significant respiratory or cardiac compromise. The current estimated case fatality rate from COVID-19 is approximately 1%. Epidemiological studies have shown that advanced age, male gender, previous chronic lung disease, cardiovascular and kidney disease, obesity and diabetes are risk factors for the severity of disease course. In the current focused review, we present an overview of the acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, their detection and impact upon prognosis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.4063
How to cite this:Saeed S, Rajani R. The cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: Focus on acute cardiac injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):908-912. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.4063
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Kingella kingae septic arthritis
Authors: Khattak Mohammed , Vellathussery Chakkalakumbil Sujith , Stevenson Robert A. , Bryson David J. , Reidy Michael J. , Talbot Christopher L. , George Harvey 
Published: February 2021

Aims The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which patient demographics, clinical presentation, and blood parameters vary in Kingella kingae septic arthritis when compared with those of other organisms, and whether this difference needs to be considered when assessing children in whom a diagnosis of septic arthritis is suspected. Methods A prospective case series was undertaken at a single UK paediatric institution between October 2012 and November 2018 of all patients referred with suspected septic arthritis. We recorded the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological findings in all patients. Results A total of 160 patients underwent arthrotomy for a presumed septic arthritis. Of these, no organism was identified in 61 and only 25 of these were both culture- and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative. A total of 36 patients did not undergo PCR analysis. Of the remaining 99 culture- and PCR-positive patients, K. kingae was the most commonly isolated organism (42%, n = 42). The knee (n = 21), shoulder (n = 9), and hip (n = 5) were the three most commonly affected joints. A total of 28 cases (66%) of K. kingae infection were detected only on PCR. The mean age of K. kingae-positive cases (16.1 months) was significantly lower than that of those whose septic arthitis was due to other organisms (49.4 months; p < 0.001). The mean CRP was significantly lower in the K. kingae group than in the other organism group (p < 0.001). The mean ESR/CRP ratio was significantly higher in K. kingae (2.84) than in other infections (1.55; p < 0.008). The mean ESR and ESR/CRP were not significantly different from those in the 'no organism identified' group. Conclusion K. kingae was the most commonly isolated organism from paediatric culture- and/or PCR-positive confirmed septic arthritis, with only one third of cases detected on routine cultures. It is important to develop and maintain a clinical suspicion for K. kingae infection in young patients presenting atypically. Routine PCR testing is recommended in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):584–588.
Prediction of 90-day mortality after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Garland Anne , Bülow Erik , Lenguerrand Erik , Blom Ashley , Wilkinson Mark , Sayers Adrian , Rolfson Ola , Hailer Nils P. 
Published: February 2021

Aims To develop and externally validate a parsimonious statistical prediction model of 90-day mortality after elective total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to provide a web calculator for clinical usage. Methods We included 53,099 patients with cemented THA due to osteoarthritis from the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Registry for model derivation and internal validation, as well as 125,428 patients from England and Wales recorded in the National Joint Register for England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, and the States of Guernsey (NJR) for external model validation. A model was developed using a bootstrap ranking procedure with a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model combined with piecewise linear regression. Discriminative ability was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration belt plots were used to assess model calibration. Results A main effects model combining age, sex, American Society for Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, the presence of cancer, diseases of the central nervous system, kidney disease, and diagnosed obesity had good discrimination, both internally (AUC = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75 to 0.81) and externally (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.76). This model was superior to traditional models based on the Charlson (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.70) and Elixhauser (AUC = 0.64, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.68) comorbidity indices. The model was well calibrated for predicted probabilities up to 5%. Conclusion We developed a parsimonious model that may facilitate individualized risk assessment prior to one of the most common surgical interventions. We have published a web calculator to aid clinical decision-making. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(3):469–478.
Mapping suitability for Buruli ulcer at fine spatial scales across Africa: A modelling study
Authors: Simpson Hope , Tabah Earnest Njih , Phillips Richard O. , Frimpong Michael , Maman Issaka , Ampadu Edwin , Timothy Joseph , Saunderson Paul , Pullan Rachel L. , Cano Jorge 
Published: March 2021

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disabling and stigmatising neglected tropical disease (NTD). Its distribution and burden are unknown because of underdiagnosis and underreporting. It is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental pathogen whose environmental niche and transmission routes are not fully understood. The main control strategy is active surveillance to promote early treatment and thus limit morbidity, but these activities are mostly restricted to well-known endemic areas. A better understanding of environmental suitability for the bacterium and disease could inform targeted surveillance, and advance understanding of the ecology and burden of BU. We used previously compiled point-level datasets of BU and M. ulcerans occurrence, evidence for BU occurrence within national and sub-national areas, and a suite of relevant environmental covariates in a distribution modelling framework. We fitted relationships between BU and M. ulcerans occurrence and environmental predictors by applying regression and machine learning based algorithms, combined in an ensemble model to characterise the optimal ecological niche for the disease and bacterium across Africa at a resolution of 5km x 5km. Proximity to waterbodies was the strongest predictor of suitability for BU, followed potential evapotranspiration. The strongest predictors of suitability for M. ulcerans were deforestation and potential evapotranspiration. We identified patchy foci of suitability throughout West and Central Africa, including areas with no previous evidence of the disease. Predicted suitability for M. ulcerans was wider but overlapping with that of BU. The estimated population living in areas predicted suitable for the bacterium and disease was 46.1 million.
These maps could be used to inform burden estimations and case searches which would generate a more complete understanding of the spatial distribution of BU in Africa, and may guide control programmes to identify cases beyond the well-known endemic areas.
Handling a double-edged sword: Controlling rhetoric in early China
Authors: Richter Matthias L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present essay discusses rhetorics as an instrument of both persuasion and deception. Early Chinese political thought shows a keen awareness of the deceptive potential immanent in rhetorical skills. Multiple texts warn against certain types of rhetorical behaviour that entail a potential threat to the ruler's control over political power. Yet, at the same time rhetorical skills were also a desirable qualification. While most texts from early China discuss rhetorical skills in general terms as an asset or a threat to the ruler's power, some texts reflect rhetorical skills in more detail, describing specific types of rhetorical behaviour. This essay introduces examples of such texts that were probably first composed as pragmatic texts for application in political practice, before they were integrated into larger compilations or literary texts for argumentative purposes. The essay also shows that these pragmatic texts used a set of technical terms, some of which were no longer recognized in the later transmission, which often led to changes in the texts.