bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat treatment effect on Cadophora luteo‐olivacea of kiwifruit
Authors: Di Francesco Alessandra , Di Foggia Michele , Fasano Amedeo , Baraldi Elena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeat treatment represents an alternative method to fungicides to control latent fruit pathogens, such as Cadophora luteo‐olivacea of kiwifruit. This study reports the efficacy of different hot water (HW) and hot air (HA) treatments (45, 50, 55, 65, and 70°C with durations of 10, 15 or 20, 5 or 10, 5, and 3 min, respectively) on the conidial and mycelial growth of fungal isolates by in vitro assays. Both treatments at 70°C were the most effective in inhibiting conidial and mycelial growth of C. luteo‐olivacea isolates. Treatment efficacy for HW and HA was on average 88% and 71%, respectively, on mycelial growth, and 100% and 91.3%, respectively, on conidial growth. A significant reduction of xylanase and pectinase enzyme activities of the isolates was detected after HW and HA treatment (70°C × 3 min). In most cases, both treatments showed a total reduction, sometimes varying with the target isolate. HA treatment was the most efficient treatment for reducing the skin pitting incidence in in vivo experiments, showing an average efficacy of 46.6%. Results show that heat treatments are effective against C. luteo‐olivacea, but the main challenge will be to develop the optimal time × temperature combinations.
Social networks and internal migration in China: A spatial autoregressive model
Authors: Zhao Chuanmin , Qu Xi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndividual decisions such as migration can be influenced by different types of social networks. This paper examines strong and weak network effects on internal migration in China by distinguishing between first‐time migrants and experienced migrants. Strong networks are constructed by household members, while weak networks are determined by the village in which the individual resides. By employing spatial econometrics tools, we show that strong networks have a significant positive effect on the first‐time migration decision, while weak network effects vary across home provinces and are significant and positive only for some provinces. We also classify the sample to explore the network effects within the household and find that the effects are larger among siblings, especially among siblings of the same gender. In contrast, strong networks have a smaller impact, and weak networks appear to encourage migration after people have migration experience. Similar findings also apply to the choice of destination, months worked away from home, and migration earnings.
Looking in a mirror: Asylum in the United States as a reflection of white supremacy
Authors: Udani Adriano , Torres Wedding Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe contend that the asylum process in the United States exhibits how confinement, surveillance, and deportation work together to extend the primary logics of white supremacy: genocide, anti‐blackness, and orientalism. We envision abolition work that uplifts not only asylum seekers but all people with lived experiences of coerced mobility.MethodsThrough the lenses of critical race, decolonial theory, and abolition, we conceptualize the asylum process beyond only one violent system that coerces the mobility of migrants.ResultsWe build a theory that extends scholarly conversations about asylum processes as a system of racial/colonial surveillance, control, and state‐sanctioned violence and that informs abolitionist practices.ConclusionIn order to eradicate all forms of detention, we must build robust strategies that demolish the pillars of white supremacy and rebuild new politics that reject the notion of freedom as a reward to well‐behaved people, resist coerced mobility, foster shared power arrangements in which people with lived experiences of oppression organize to help each other, and reorient a capitalist system that commoditizes and exploits people's oppression. Striving for anything less will lead to more violence.
Redesigning the photosynthetic light reactions to enhance photosynthesis – the PhotoRedesign consortium
Authors: Hitchcock Andrew , Hunter Christopher Neil , Sobotka Roman , Komenda Josef , Dann Marcel , Leister Dario 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYIn this Perspective article, we describe the visions of the PhotoRedesign consortium funded by the European Research Council of how to enhance photosynthesis. The light reactions of photosynthesis in individual phototrophic species use only a fraction of the solar spectrum, and high light intensities can impair and even damage the process. In consequence, expanding the solar spectrum and enhancing the overall energy capacity of the process, while developing resilience to stresses imposed by high light intensities, could have a strong positive impact on food and energy production. So far, the complexity of the photosynthetic machinery has largely prevented improvements by conventional approaches. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop concepts to redesign the light‐harvesting and photochemical capacity of photosynthesis, as well as to establish new model systems and toolkits for the next generation of photosynthesis researchers. The overall objective of PhotoRedesign is to reconfigure the photosynthetic light reactions so they can harvest and safely convert energy from an expanded solar spectrum. To this end, a variety of synthetic biology approaches, including de novo design, will combine the attributes of photosystems from different photoautotrophic model organisms, namely the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In parallel, adaptive laboratory evolution will be applied to improve the capacity of reimagined organisms to cope with enhanced input of solar energy, particularly in high and fluctuating light.
Prospective investigation of factors associated with success on the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care certification examination (2016‐2018)
Authors: Goggs Robert , Kerl Marie , Jandrey Karl E. , Guillaumin Julien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of candidate attributes and residency training factors with success on the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) board certification examination and to develop multivariable models of first‐attempt success.DesignProspective survey‐based study.SettingPost‐assessment ACVECC examination candidates.AnimalsNone.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsComprehensive surveys were distributed to ACVECC examination candidates in 2016 to 2018 after completion of their assessments, but prior to publication of examination results. Unique anonymous candidate identification numbers were used to match survey responses to outcome data from the office of the ACVECC Executive Secretary. After curation to retain only the first response from each candidate, there were 97 unique candidate responses available for analysis. Univariate analyses identified multiple factors associated with first‐attempt success and multiple differences between academic and private practice residency programs. Multivariable logistic regression modeling suggested that 5 factors were independently associated with first‐attempt success on the ACVECC examination, specifically younger age, more weeks of study prior to the examination, training at a facility with more ACVECC Diplomates, training at a facility with more ACVECC residents, and having no requirement to manage both Emergency Room (ER) and Critical Care (CC) cases simultaneously.ConclusionsNumerous resident and training center factors are associated with success in the ACVECC board certification examination. Residents and training centers might be able to use these data to enhance training, but caution must be exercised because these data are associative only.
-modules on rigid analytic spaces III: weak holonomicity and operations
Authors: Ardakov Konstantin , Bode Andreas , Wadsley Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe develop a dimension theory for coadmissible$\widehat {\mathcal {D}}$-modules on rigid analytic spaces and study those which are of minimal dimension, in analogy to the theory of holonomic$\mathcal {D}$-modules in the algebraic setting. We discuss a number of pathologies contained in this subcategory (modules of infinite length, infinite-dimensional fibres). We prove stability results for closed immersions and the duality functor, and show that all higher direct images of integrable connections restricted to a Zariski open subspace are coadmissible of minimal dimension. It follows that the local cohomology sheaves$\underline {H}^{i}_Z(\mathcal {M})$with support in a closed analytic subset$Z$of$X$are also coadmissible of minimal dimension for any integrable connection$\mathcal {M}$on$X$.
Arbitrary-Order Sensitivity Analysis in Phononic Metamaterials Using the Multicomplex Taylor Series Expansion Method Coupled with Bloch's Theorem
Authors: Navarro Juan David , Millwater Harry R. , Montoya Arturo H. , Restrepo David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Phononic metamaterials (PMs) exhibit frequency ranges at which elastic waves are attenuated. However, this phenomenon is highly sensitive to geometrical variations and the metamaterial's mechanical properties. It is useful to have accurate sensitivity information to identify the variables that produce the highest impact on band gaps and guide the design of PMs with a desired wave propagation behavior. Current methodologies for sensitivity analysis in PMs, such as the finite difference method (FDM), are computationally inefficient, subjected to subtraction cancelation errors, and their accuracy is highly dependent on the magnitude of the perturbation step-size. In this work, we introduce a new computational methodology to perform parameter sensitivity in the dynamic behavior of PMs using the multicomplex Taylor series expansion (ZTSE) coupled with Bloch's theorem. The methodology allows one to obtain arbitrary order sensitivities with high accuracy. In contrast to FDM, this methodology is computationally more efficient, eliminates the step-size selection issue, and is not subjected to subtractive cancelation errors. Also, we show how the method can be applied using real algebra solvers. The analysis is limited to linear undamped PMs.The methodology using ZTSE with Bloch's theorem is presented in numerical examples for the di-atomic lattice and a 2D square lattice, where we compute up to third-order sensitivities. The results normalized errors in the order of 10(−9) for sensitivities of the di-atomic lattice, and in the order of 10(−8) for the 2D square lattice when compared to the analytical solutions.
Ballistic Limit of Sandwich Plates With a Metal Foam Core
Authors: Cui Tianning , Zhang Jinhua , Li Kaikai , Peng Jixiang , Chen Hongen , Qin Qinghua , Poh Leong Hien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The ballistic perforation of sandwich plates comprising two identical/unidentical aluminum alloy face sheets and an aluminum foam core is investigated to gain insights into the factors governing the penetration processes. The impact velocities of projectiles with conical, flat, and hemispherical noses range from 60 ms−1 to 220 ms−1 in the experiments. Against conical-ended projectiles, petalling failure is found to be an active failure mode at the rear face sheet. Against projectiles with flat and hemispherical noses, both petalling failure and petalling-flipped-cover failure are observed. Finite element simulations considering the effect of foam meso-structure on the ballistic limit of sandwich plates are performed and validated against the experimental results. It is shown that the local bending and fracture of the cell walls significantly dissipate the kinetic energy of the projectile and restrain the occurrence of the high stress regions. Characteristic double-peak and single-peak modes of contact force time histories are observed for projectiles with various nose shapes. It is also found that a sandwich plate with thicker front face sheet has higher ballistic resistance, which may facilitate the instructional arrangement of face sheets with regard to mass distribution to achieve higher ballistic resistance. Finally, a three-stage theoretical model based on energy balance principle is developed for each type of projectile to predict the residual velocities after perforation of sandwich plate.
Performance Improvement of Membrane Energy Exchanger Using Ultrasound for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Application
Authors: Gurubalan A. , Maiya M. P. , Geoghegan Patrick , Simonson Carey J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Air conditioning (AC) systems consume the maximum proportion of the total electricity used in the building sector. The demand for AC systems is expected to increase exponentially in the coming years due to various reasons such as climate change, and an increase in affordability and living floor space. A membrane-based liquid desiccant AC system along with energy recovery ventilating equipment is considered as a prospective alternative to the conventional air conditioning system (CACS). It has the potential to meet the increasing current and future AC demand in a sustainable manner. Its efficiency and energy-saving potential with respect to CACS depend on the performance of the membrane-based dehumidifier, regenerator, and energy recovery ventilating equipment, commonly referred to as membrane energy exchangers (MEEs). MEE is an indirect exchanger type in which a membrane separates the working streams. This intermediate membrane creates an additional resistance for the heat and mass transfer processes in the MEE. To reduce the resistance, this study experimentally and numerically investigate the influence of ultrasound on the performance of the MEE for dehumidification, humidification (applicable for membrane-based evaporative cooling and desiccant regeneration devices), and energy recovery processes. It is found that the vibration due to ultrasound has the potential to improve the mass transfer performance of MEE by the resistance at the air-membrane interface.
Graphene Oxide-Induced Carbon Nanoporous Framework Towards Advanced Composite Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shi Guangfeng , Zhou Jiale , Zeng Rong , Na Bing , Zou Shufen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Porous structures in anode materials are of importance to accommodate volume dilation of active matters. In the present case, a carbon nanoporous framework is hydrothermally synthesized from glucose in the presence of graphene oxide, together with in situ active Fe3O4 nanoparticles within it. The composite anode material has outstanding electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity, excellent cyclic stability, and superior rate capability. The specific capacity stays at 830.8 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 1 A/g, equivalent to a high-capacity retention of 88.7%. The findings provide valuable clues to tailor morphology of hydrothermally carbonized glucose for advanced composite anode materials of lithium-ion batteries.
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for studies of pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity
Authors: Lee Siang Ing , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Moss Ngawai , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Anand Astha , Taylor Beck , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Yau Christopher , McCowan Colin , O"Reilly Dermot , Hope Holly , Kennedy Jonathan Ian , Abel Kathryn Mary , Locock Louise , Brocklehurst Peter , Plachcinski Rachel , Brophy Sinead , Agrawal Utkarsh , Thangaratinam Shakila , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Black Mairead 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionIncreasingly more pregnant women are living with pre-existing multimorbidity (≥two long-term physical or mental health conditions). This may adversely affect maternal and offspring outcomes. This study aims to develop a core outcome set (COS) for maternal and offspring outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing multimorbidity. It is intended for use in observational and interventional studies in all pregnancy settings.Methods and analysisWe propose a four stage study design: (1) systematic literature search, (2) focus groups, (3) Delphi surveys and (4) consensus group meeting. The study will be conducted from June 2021 to August 2022. First, an initial list of outcomes will be identified through a systematic literature search of reported outcomes in studies of pregnant women with multimorbidity. We will search the Cochrane library, Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL. This will be supplemented with relevant outcomes from published COS for pregnancies and childbirth in general, and multimorbidity. Second, focus groups will be conducted among (1) women with lived experience of managing pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnancy (and/or their partners) and (2) their healthcare/social care professionals to identify outcomes important to them. Third, these initial lists of outcomes will be prioritised through a three-round online Delphi survey using predefined score criteria for consensus. Participants will be invited to suggest additional outcomes that were not included in the initial list. Finally, a consensus meeting using the nominal group technique will be held to agree on the final COS. The stakeholders will include (1) women (and/or their partners) with lived experience of managing multimorbidity in pregnancy, (2) healthcare/social care professionals involved in their care and (3) researchers in this field.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of Birmingham’s ethical review committee. The final COS will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conferences and to all stakeholders.
Youth in a pandemic: a longitudinal examination of youth mental health and substance use concerns during COVID-19
Authors: Hawke Lisa D , Szatmari Peter , Cleverley Kristin , Courtney Darren , Cheung Amy , Voineskos Aristotle N , Henderson Joanna 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis study analyses longitudinal data to understand how youth mental health and substance use are evolving over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is critical to adjusting mental health response strategies.SettingParticipants were recruited from among existing participants in studies conducted in an urban academic hospital in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsA total of 619 youth aged 14–28 years participated in the study (62.7% girls/young women; 61.4% Caucasian).MeasuresData on mood, substance use and COVID-19-related worries were collected over four time points, that is, every 2 months beginning in the early stages of the pandemic in April 2020. Latent class analyses were conducted on the longitudinal data to identify distinct groups of youth who have different trajectory profiles of pandemic impact on their mood, substance use and COVID-19-related worries.ResultsFor the majority of participants, mood concerns increased early in the pandemic, declined over Canada’s summer months and subsequently increased in autumn. Among the youth with the highest level of mood symptoms at the beginning of the pandemic, increases in mental health concerns were sustained. Substance use remained relatively stable over the course of the pandemic. COVID-19-related worries, however, followed a trajectory similar to that of mood symptoms. Girls/young women, youth living in urban or suburban areas, in larger households, and with poorer baseline mental and physical health are the most vulnerable to mental health concerns and worries during the pandemic.ConclusionsYouth mental health symptom levels and concerns are evolving over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, in line with the evolution of the pandemic itself, and longitudinal monitoring is therefore required. It is also essential that we engage directly with youth to cocreate pandemic response strategies and mental health service adaptations to best meet the needs of young people.
BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (BRACE trial)
Authors: Pittet Laure F , Messina Nicole L , Gardiner Kaya , Orsini Francesca , Abruzzo Veronica , Bannister Samantha , Bonten Marc , Campbell John L , Croda Julio , Dalcolmo Margareth , Elia Sonja , Germano Susie , Goodall Casey , Gwee Amanda , Jamieson Tenaya , Jardim Bruno , Kollmann Tobias R , Guimarães Lacerda Marcus Vinícius , Lee Katherine J , Legge Donna , Lucas Michaela , Lynn David J , McDonald Ellie , Manning Laurens , Munns Craig F , Perrett Kirsten P , Prat Aymerich Cristina , Richmond Peter , Shann Frank , Sudbury Eva , Villanueva Paola , Wood Nicholas J , Lieschke Katherine , Subbarao Kanta , Davidson Andrew , Curtis Nigel 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionBCG vaccination modulates immune responses to unrelated pathogens. This off-target effect could reduce the impact of emerging pathogens. As a readily available, inexpensive intervention that has a well-established safety profile, BCG is a good candidate for protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) and other vulnerable groups against COVID-19.Methods and analysisThis international multicentre phase III randomised controlled trial aims to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the incidence of symptomatic and severe COVID-19 at 6 months (co-primary outcomes) compared with no BCG vaccination. We plan to randomise 10 078 HCWs from Australia, The Netherlands, Spain, the UK and Brazil in a 1:1 ratio to BCG vaccination or no BCG (control group). The participants will be followed for 1 year with questionnaires and collection of blood samples. For any episode of illness, clinical details will be collected daily, and the participant will be tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary objectives are to determine if BCG vaccination reduces the rate, incidence, and severity of any febrile or respiratory illness (including SARS-CoV-2), as well as work absenteeism. The safety of BCG vaccination in HCWs will also be evaluated. Immunological analyses will assess changes in the immune system following vaccination, and identify factors associated with susceptibility to or protection against SARS-CoV-2 and other infections.Ethics and disseminationEthical and governance approval will be obtained from participating sites. Results will be published in peer-reviewed open-access journals. The final cleaned and locked database will be deposited in a data sharing repository archiving system.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04327206