bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging and Controlling Photonic Modes in Perovskite Microcavities
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Yaolong , Yu Haoran , Wang Ju , Hu Aiqin , Jia Shangtong , Li Xiaofang , Yang Hong , Dai Lun , Lu Guowei , Liu Yunquan , Wang Shufeng , Gong Qihuang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerovskite microcavities have excellent photophysical properties for integrated optoelectronic devices, such as nanolasers. Imaging and controlling the photonic modes within the cavity are fundamentally important to understand and develop applications. Here, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is used to image the photonic modes within optical microcavities with a nanometer‐scale spatial resolution. From a CsPbBr3 microcavity, hybrid mode patterns are observed. Spatial frequency spectrum analysis on the patterns uncovers the characteristic cavity modes, which are modeled with transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves, and assigned to exciton–polariton modes. Based on this understanding, the light focus in a designed microcavity is imaged in real space and controlled by the light field polarization. The study confirms that the cavity modes in perovskites can be effectively observed by the PEEM technique under resonant excitation, which, in turn, promotes the design of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite microcavities.
Comments on Ion Selectivity at the Crossroad between Biology and Biomimetics
Authors: Hélix‐Nielsen Claus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe growing global pressure on water resources requires continuous improvements of water treatment technologies. Here new membrane developments are attracting increasing interest as they may provide potential solutions for a wide variety of industrial production processes. In this aspect, efficient ion selective membranes facilitating transport driven by electrochemical gradients for industrial separation processes, or membranes capable of generating energy by conversion of electrochemical gradients into electrical energy are attracting increasing interest. Despite progress in ion selective/ion‐exchange membrane material science there is still a need for performance improvements in order to fully explore promising existing and new applications based on ion‐selectivity. With the advent of new materials where the selectivity mechanism is obtained by establishing narrow conduits akin to structures found in biological membrane channel proteins, a new era is being entered into of ion selective membrane development. Here, some of the key features of ion‐transport in nanoscale pores and apertures will be discussed with a view of how biological mechanisms may inspire the development of biomimetic ion selective membranes.
Synthesis and Properties of Multistimuli Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Bioinspired from α‐Keratin Hair
Authors: Wu Guanzheng , Panahi‐Sarmad Mahyar , Xiao Xueliang , Dong Ke , Mei Xi , Li Siming , Li Ruiqing , Hou Xiuliang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, a multistimuli responsive shape memory polyurethane (multiresponsive SMPU) containing disulfide bonds (–S–S–), bioinspired from α‐keratin hair component, was synthesized using a two‐step reaction and activated via four‐varied stimuli, including water, heat, redox agent, and UV‐light. First, the prepolymer was prepared by the reaction between the comonomers of hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycaprolactone‐2000, and once ended, 1,4‐butylene glycol and 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol (C3H8O2S) have been appended to the prepolymer to initiate the chain‐extension reaction. The chemical structure and properties of the multi‐responsive SMPU were decoded by FT‐IR, XRD, DSC, and Raman spectra. The correlation between microstructure, dynamic‐mechanical‐analysis, and shape‐memory properties of the multi‐responsive SMPU were systemically discussed. As a primary clue, the opening/closing of H‐bonds and disulfide bonds approved that they dictated the shape memory performance. The clear‐cut results clarified that the multiresponsive SMPU endowed composition‐dependent stress relaxation, and its reversible variation of storage modulus was examined by changing temperature. Owing to such molecular switches, the strip pieces were able to represent a multistimuli responsive shape memory effect —induced by water, heat, redox agent (NaHSO3‐H2O2 solutions), and UV‐light. This research paves a feasible road to prepare a novel multistimuli responsive shape memory actuator with high potential features in flexible sensor and robotic applications.
Gate‐Controlled Rectifying Direction in PdSe2 Lateral Heterojunction Diode
Authors: Seo Dongwook , Seo Jae Eun , Das Tanmoy , Kwak Joon Young , Chang Jiwon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe thickness‐dependent band structure of 2D materials has enabled the construction of in‐plane lateral heterojunction within the same material platform. Simply forming regions of the same 2D material with different thicknesses induces the band offsets in energy bands at the interface to complete the heterojunction. Especially, pentagonal palladium diselenide (PdSe2) can create various combinations of different band gaps due to its widely tunable band gap ranging from 0 to ≈1.3 eV. Here, a PdSe2‐based gate‐controlled rectifier diode realized simply by creating the lateral heterojunction using as‐exfoliated PdSe2 flake composed of different thickness regions are reported. Interestingly, by tailoring the heterojunction architecture with a certain combination of the thicknesses, a unique gate‐controlled rectification can be observed where the rectifying direction can be tuned by the applied gate bias. The different gate modulation levels in the thin and thick regions leads to the different band bending, respectively. Therefore, adjusting the heterojunction barrier height by the gate bias makes it possible to modulate the direction of dominant current. The demonstration of the reversible rectifying direction paves the way for the realization of essential component in the tunable logic gate.
Switchable Optically Active Schottky Barrier in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3/ITO Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction
Authors: Rivera‐Calzada Alberto , Gallego Fernando , Kalcheim Yoav , Salev Pavel , del Valle Javier , Tenreiro Isabel , León Carlos , Santamaría Jacobo , Schuller Ivan K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the most desirable attributes of non‐volatile memories and memristors is a fast and non‐destructive read out of their resistive state. Prototypical ferroelectric (FE) memories use the bulk photovoltaic response associated to the polarization of FE films to address this requirement by optically sensing binary memory cells. A more advanced type of non‐volatile memories is FE tunnel junctions (FTJs). They feature resistive state ratios RHigh/RLow up to 106, with a continuum of resistive states accessible, making them promising candidates for neuromorphic computing applications. A novel approach is presented to achieve the optical sensing of the resistive state in a La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3/ITO FTJ, by using the Schottky barrier forming in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BaTiO3 interface to dramatically enhance the optical response of the 5 nm BaTiO3 (BTO) barrier. Illumination with UV light exceeding the BTO bandgap through the top transparent ITO electrode generates a photovoltaic response in the RHigh state, with an open circuit voltage Voc of 400 mV at 20 K, enabling the optical sensing of the resistive state. In the RLow state, the Schottky barrier is removed and the photoresponse disappears.
Metal–CO2 Electrochemistry: From CO2 Recycling to Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Fan , Li Yu , Xia Xinhui , Cai Wei , Chen Qingguo , Chen Minghua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetal–CO2 batteries are among the most intriguing techniques for addressing the severe climate crisis and have matured significantly to simultaneously realize adequate fixation of CO2, energy storage, and conversion. Although significant efforts have been made, the practical application of metal–CO2 battery techniques is still restricted by various tremendous challenges, namely high charge potential, poor rate capability, and reversibility. This review seeks to present a realistic assessment of the most advanced metal–CO2 systems to identify problems, and opportunities to conquer these challenges. The recent progress on understanding the reaction mechanism of CO2 reduction/evolution, cathode materials, electrocatalysts design strategies, interface construction of metal anode/electrolyte, and the role of electrolytes are systematically reviewed and discussed. Meanwhile, high‐performance electrode design principles and interface construction methods are also proposed. The effect of electrolyte and the difference between the nonaqueous and aqueous electrolyte systems in the context of the reaction mechanism, catalyst selection, metal anode protection, and corresponding enhancement strategies are also presented and evaluated. Finally, several perspectives on the opportunities and crucial challenges in the future development of metal–CO2 electrochemical systems for practical applications are proposed.
Comprehensive Performance Calibration Guidance for Perovskites and Other Emerging Solar Cells
Authors: Song Tao , Friedman Daniel J. , Kopidakis Nikos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies (e.g., organic, perovskite, and solution processed quantum dot) have attracted remarkable attention with the rapid growth of their efficiencies, and their transition toward commercialization. Accurate and reliable efficiency measurements of these PV technologies are crucial, yet much more complicated than for conventional PV technologies due to the former's pronounced dynamic responses to changes in measurement conditions (e.g., current–voltage (I–V) scan rate and preconditioning) and their susceptibility to degradation. Adjustments to the measurement procedures are therefore necessary so that a reproducible “steady state” is reached during measurement. Furthermore, given the small size of many emerging cells, inappropriate device area definition and solar simulator setup can lead to measurement errors. Here, comprehensive efficiency calibration guidance is offered for emerging solar cells, including area measurement; spectral irradiance translation to standard test conditions; and steady‐state electrical performance. The necessity of reporting steady‐state efficiency is justified with a statistical performance comparison between conventional and steady‐state I–V scans over hundreds of cells the group has received globally for efficiency certifications. The procedures described here do not require specialized measurement instrumentation; what matters most are changes to the measurement protocols. These described changes aim to enable better comparisons between reported efficiencies.
Corn response to in‐furrow fertilizer and fungicide across rye cover crop termination timings
Authors: Quinn Daniel J. , Poffenbarger Hanna J. , Leuthold Sam J. , Lee Chad D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFarmers looking to maximize soil conservation benefits of a rye cover crop (Secale cereale L.) (RCC) may choose to delay termination closer to corn (Zea mays L.) planting. However, delaying RCC termination may reduce corn yield due to nitrogen (N) immobilization and seedling disease. The objective of this trial was to evaluate corn growth and yield in response to in‐furrow (IF) fertilizer and fungicide following a RCC and across different RCC termination timings. A field study was established at three locations in Kentucky in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate corn response to two RCC termination timings (21 d before corn planting [early terminated] and 1 d after corn planting [postplant terminated]) and three IF starter treatments (fertilizer, fungicide, and fertilizer + fungicide). A postplant‐terminated RCC resulted in greater rye shoot biomass, early‐season (Apr–May) soil moisture, and preplant soil inorganic N compared with an early‐terminated RCC. Also, a postplant‐terminated RCC reduced corn stand by an average of 31% at two of three locations and reduced corn yield by an average of 15.7% across locations. The inclusion of IF fertilizer, fungicide, or fertilizer + fungicide did not improve corn yield at any location, and no interaction between RCC termination timing and IF starter was observed. Overall, our results suggest IF fertilizer and/or fungicide does not ameliorate corn stand and yield reductions following a postplant‐terminated RCC. In addition, farmers should look to terminate a RCC earlier (14–21 d before planting) to reduce potential corn stand and yield loss.
Novel spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome mouse model
Authors: Li Weisha , Cao Lin , Li Mengyuan , Yang Xingjiu , Zhang Wenlong , Song Zhiqi , Wang Xinpei , Zhang Lingyan , Morahan Grant , Qin Chuan , Gao Ran 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders involving hemopoietic dysfunction leading to leukemia. Although recently progress has been made in identifying underlying genetic mutations, many questions still remain. Animal models of MDS have been produced by introduction of specific mutations. However, there is no spontaneous mouse model of MDS, and an animal model to simulate natural MDS pathogenesis is urgently needed.MethodsIn characterizing the genetically diverse mouse strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) we observed that one, designated JUN, had abnormal hematological traits. This strain was thus further analyzed for phenotypic and pathological identification, comparing the changes in each cell population in peripheral blood and in bone marrow.ResultsIn a specific‐pathogen free environment, mice of the JUN strain are relatively thin, with healthy appearance. However, in a conventional environment, they become lethargic, develop wrinkled yellow hair, have loose and light stools, and are prone to infections. We found that the mice were cytopenic, which was due to abnormal differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells. These are common characteristics of MDS.ConclusionsA mouse strain, JUN, was found displaying spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome. This strain has the advantage over existing models in that it develops MDS spontaneously and is more similar to human MDS than genetically modified mouse models. JUN mice will be an important tool for pathogenesis research of MDS and for evaluation of new drugs and treatments.
D‐A type hybrid polymers based on EDOT and various benzodiazoles for electrochromic materials
Authors: Xu Haoran , Hou Yanjun , Li Rui , Chang Lijing , Ma Yang , Miao Shoulei , Niu Haijun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTwo donor units (D)‐acceptor units (A) type monomers were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction, and then three D‐A type hybrid polymers based on 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene and various benzodiazoles were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. Spectroelectrochemical and kinetic studies of these polymers showed that all polymer films exhibited excellent electrochromic behavior, obvious optical contrast, and excellent stability. Among them, the response time of P3 film was the shortest (tc = 1.6 s, tb = 2.2 s), the coloring efficiency of P2 film was the highest (CE = 333 cm2·C−1), and the stability of P1 was the best (the ΔT loss of P1 after 1000 s cycles is only 2.3%). Therefore, these data prove that these new polymers have great potential in applications as electrochromic materials.
Influence of alkaline delignification on moisture uptake behavior and bonding enthalpies of hemp
Authors: Manich Albert M. , Lis Manuel J. , Perez‐Rentero Sonia , Algaba Ines , Marti Meritxell , Cayuela Diana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRaw hemp fibers are alkaline delignified to evaluate the effect of lignin on the moisture uptake behavior of hemp. Samples are subjected to moisture absorption/desorption isotherms from 5% to 95% relative humidity at three different temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C). The sorption ratio between delignified and untreated hemp is lowered by 25%. Hysteresis makes evident the greater influence of lignin on moisture binding at low relative humidity while at high relative humidity, cellulose plays the most important role. The GAB, Hailwood‐Horrobin and Dent models are fitted to absorption/desorption isotherms. Delignification and temperature decrease the size of the monolayer. The energy constants of the monolayer differ according to the model used. Lignin causes great differences between absorption and desorption. The greater the temperature is, the lower the monolayer energy constant. The energy constants of the multilayer are identical for the three models, showing a greater range of variation in delignified samples than in the untreated samples. Based on primary and secondary energy constants, bonding enthalpies are determined. Estimations in desorption show higher correlation coefficients with the energy constants, which enables to conclude that measures in desorption better explain the effect of delignification on the water uptake behavior of hemp.
Overview of special issue on current advances in Brazilian biomedical and anatomical sciences
Authors: Curcio Daniella 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis special issue of The Anatomical Record honors the bridges of knowledge and communications between Brazil and the United States in Anatomical Science, Healthcare, and Medical Education. The volume is organized in two sets of manuscripts: the first one stems from presentations of Brazilian colleagues in the latest iteration of the Building Bridges outreach initiative—a meeting entitled Building Bridges Back to Back, held at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in December of 2019; the second, is a compilation of selected papers submitted independently to The Anatomical Record, authored by Brazilian researchers. All abstracts in this volume are featured in English and in Portuguese, and the opening piece is fully available in both languages. This bold and innovative addition represents the commitment of The Anatomical Record to support and help grow our bridges; it is a gesture of utmost respect and appreciation for our people and our culture. Together, our efforts to advance the knowledge in basic, translational, and clinical sciences, to expand our connections, and to build on our relationships across boundaries becomes a reality. This is an introduction and an overview of the manuscripts contained in this very special issue.
Progress in gene therapy treatments for prostate cancer
Authors: Xue Jingxin , Chen Keming , Hu Heyi , Gopinath Subash C.B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the predominant cancers affecting men and has been widely reported. In the past, various therapies and drugs have been proposed to treat prostate cancer. Among these treatments, gene therapy has been considered to be an optimal and widely applicable treatment. Furthermore, due to the increased specificity of gene sequence complementation, the targeted delivery of complementary gene sequences may represent a useful treatment in certain instances. Various gene therapies, including tumor‐suppressor gene therapy, suicide gene therapy, immunomodulation gene therapy and anti‐oncogene therapies, have been established to treat a wide range of diseases, such as cardiac disease, cystic fibrosis, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, hemophilia, and cancers. To this end, several gene therapy clinical trials at various phases are underway. This overview describes the developments and progress in gene therapy, with a special focus being placed on prostate cancer.
Antioxidant and reducing lipid accumulation effects of rutin in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Qin Xianjin , Wang Wenqian , Chu Weihua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effect of rutin on fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant activity were evaluated. We found that the antioxidant capacity of rutin‐treated Caenorhabditis elegans was enhanced but the triglyceride content was significantly reduced. The reduction of fat accumulation by rutin was also confirmed by Oil Red O staining. RNA‐seq analysis indicated that rutin significantly regulated the expression of seven genes related to lipid metabolism in C. elegans. Among the seven genes, acox‐1.3, stdh‐3, and fat‐7 were associated with fatty acid metabolism. Rutin significantly reduced fat accumulation in both fat‐6 and fat‐7 mutant strains but did not affect the fat storage of fat‐6/fat‐7 double mutant, which indicated that the impact of rutin on fat storage depended on fat‐6 and fat‐7. These findings indicated that rutin reduced fat storage depending on the regulation of lipid metabolism‐related genes expression and thereby regulating the biosynthesis of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid.
Cell stiffness predicts cancer cell sensitivity to ultrasound as a selective superficial cancer therapy
Authors: Bergman Eden , Goldbart Riki , Traitel Tamar , Amar‐Lewis Eliz , Zorea Jonathan , Yegodayev Ksenia , Alon Irit , Rankovic Sanela , Krieger Yuval , Rousso Itay , Elkabets Moshe , Kost Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe hypothesize that the biomechanical properties of cells can predict their viability, with Young's modulus representing the former and cell sensitivity to ultrasound representing the latter. Using atomic force microscopy, we show that the Young's modulus stiffness measure is significantly lower for superficial cancer cells (squamous cell carcinomas and melanoma) compared with noncancerous keratinocyte cells. In vitro findings reveal a significant difference between cancerous and noncancerous cell viability at the four ultrasound energy levels evaluated, with different cell lines exhibiting different sensitivities to the same ultrasound intensity. Young's modulus correlates with cell viability (R2 = 0.93), indicating that this single biomechanical property can predict cell sensitivity to ultrasound treatment. In mice, repeated ultrasound treatment inhibits tumor growth without damaging healthy skin tissue. Histopathological tumor analysis indicates ultrasound‐induced focal necrosis at the treatment site. Our findings provide a strong rationale for developing ultrasound as a noninvasive selective treatment for superficial cancers.