bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimization‐based congestion control for constrained application protocol
Authors: Akpakwu Godfrey A. , Hancke Gerhard P. , Abu‐Mahfouz Adnan M. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a lightweight web transfer protocol designed based on the REST architecture standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to meet and accommodate the requirements of the constrained Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Managing congestion control in a resource‐constrained lossy network with a high bit error rate is a significantly challenging task that needs to be addressed. The primary congestion control mechanism defined by CoAP specification leverages on basic binary exponential backoff and often fails to utilize the network dynamics to the best of its traffic conditions. As a result, CoCoA has been introduced for better IoT resource utilization. In addition, CoCoA retransmission timeout (RTO) for network dynamics is based on constant coefficient values. The resource‐constrained nature of IoT networks poses new design challenges for congestion control mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a new particle swarm optimization (PSO)‐based congestion control approach called psoCoCoA as a variation of CoCoA. The psoCoCoA applies random and optimal parameter‐driven simulation to optimize default CoAP parameters and update the fitness and velocity positions to adapt to the traffic conditions. This process is performed for different traffic scenarios by varying the retransmission and max‐age values by using the optimization‐based algorithm. We carried out extensive simulations to validate the congestion control performance for CoAP with Observe, CoCoA, and psoCoCoA with different network topologies. The results indicate that psoCoCA outperforms or very similar to CoCoA and achieves better performance compared to CoAP with Observe under different network scenarios.
Effect of para‐Substituents in Ethylene Copolymerizations with 1‐Decene, 1‐Dodecene, and with 2‐Methyl‐1‐Pentene Using Phenoxide Modified Half‐Titanocenes‐MAO Catalyst Systems
Authors: Kitphaitun Suphitchaya , Yan Qing , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEffect of para‐substituents in the ethylene (E) copolymerization with 1‐decene (DC), 1‐dodecene (DD), and with 2‐methyl‐1‐pentene (2M1P) using a series of Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐R‐C6H2) [R=H (1), tBu (2), Ph (3), CHPh2 (4), CPh3 (5), SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7), and newly prepared 4‐tBuC6H4 (8) and 3,5‐Me2C6H3 (9)]‐MAO catalyst systems has been studied. The activities in these copolymerization reactions were affected by the para‐substituent, and the SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7) and 3,5‐Me2C6H3 (9) analogues showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E copolymerization reactions with DC (1.06–1.44×106 kg‐polymer/mol‐Ti⋅h), DD (1.04–1.88×106 kg‐polymer/mol‐Ti⋅h) than the others, whereas no significant differences were observed in the comonomer incorporations. Complexes 6 and 7 also showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E/2M1P copolymerization, and the 2M1P incorporation was affected by the para‐substituent and the polymerization temperature; complex 9 showed better 2M1P incorporation at 25 °C.
Simple fabrication of gelatin–polyvinyl alcohol bilayer hydrogel with wound dressing and nonadhesive duality
Authors: Barba Bin Jeremiah D. , Oyama Tomoko G. , Taguchi Mitsumasa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPersistence of postoperative adhesions can lead to fatal complications in patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic surgery, even years after the operation. Thus, effective barrier materials are majorly required for reducing peritoneal adhesions. In the present study, a novel bilayer hydrogel achieving both wound dressing and antiadhesion capabilities was developed from gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using simultaneous reagent‐free radiation‐induced crosslinking with γ‐rays. The gelatin presents wound dressing ability, whereas the PVA reveals nonadhesive capability. Layers were sufficiently bonded via a small “mixed” interface, as supported via scanning electron microscopy and 2D‐infrared spectroscopy. Cell culture of 3T3‐Swiss fibroblasts exhibited good cell proliferation on the gelatin, which can further facilitate tissue regeneration, whereas PVA exhibited limited cell adhesion and growth. Cell viability suggests that the bilayer is noncytotoxic. Enzymatic degradation test indicated a complete breakdown of gelatin by proteases, leaving the PVA layer mostly intact. These in vitro assessments of the developed bilayer hydrogel demonstrated its potential as a novel medical material with wound dressing and nonadhesive duality.
Oral etoposide as a single agent in childhood and young adult cancer in England: Still a poorly evaluated palliative treatment
Authors: Fraser Jess , Wills Lorna , Fardus‐Reid Fahmina , Irvine Lucy , Elliss‐Brookes Lucy , Fern Lorna , Cameron Alison L. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Feltbower Richard G. , Shelton Jon , Stiller Charles , McCabe Martin G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral etoposide is commonly used in palliative treatment of childhood and young adult cancer without robust evidence. We describe a national, unselected cohort of young people in England treated with oral etoposide using routinely collected, population‐level data.MethodsPatients aged under 25 years at cancer diagnosis (1995–2017) with a treatment record of single‐agent oral etoposide in the Systemic AntiCancer Dataset (SACT, 2012–2018) were identified, linked to national cancer registry data using NHS number and followed to 5 January 2019. Overall survival (OS) was estimated for all tumours combined and by tumour group. A Cox model was applied accounting for age, sex, tumour type, prior and subsequent chemotherapy.ResultsTotal 115 patients were identified during the study period. Mean age was 11.8 years at cancer diagnosis and 15.5 years at treatment with oral etoposide. Median OS was 5.5 months from the start of etoposide; 13 patients survived beyond 2 years. Survival was shortest in patients with osteosarcoma (median survival 3.6 months) and longest in CNS embryonal tumours (15.5 months). Across the cohort, a median of one cycle (range one to nine) of etoposide was delivered. OS correlated significantly with tumour type and prior chemotherapy, but not with other variables.ConclusionsThis report is the largest series to date of oral etoposide use in childhood and young adult cancer. Most patients treated in this real world setting died quickly. Despite decades of use, there are still no robust data demonstrating a clear benefit of oral etoposide for survival.
Green NP‐HPTLC and green RP‐HPTLC methods for the determination of thymoquinone: A contrast of validation parameters and greenness assessment
Authors: Foudah Ahmed I. , Shakeel Faiyaz , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Ross Samir A. , Salkini Mohammad A. , Alam Prawez 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThymoquinone (TQ) is a naturally derived bioactive compound with several therapeutic effects.ObjectiveThe highly sensitive, rapid and green normal‐phase (NP)/reversed‐phase (RP) high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) densitometry technique was developed for the determination of TQ in various plant extracts of different geographical regions, commercial capsules, creams and essential oils.MethodologyThe NP densitometry estimation of TQ was performed using a cyclohexane–ethyl acetate (90:10, v/v) green solvent system, while, the RP‐densitometry estimation of TQ was performed using an ethanol–water (80:20, v/v) green solvent system. The estimation of TQ was conducted at 259 nm.ResultsThe NP and RP densitometry techniques were observed linear in the range of 25–1000 and 50–600 ng/band, respectively. All validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, robustness and sensitivity of NP/RP densitometry were observed within the limit of regulatory requirements and hence found to be suitable for the determination of TQ. The TQ contents were found to be highest in the Saudi Arabian extract followed by the Syrian extract, Indian extract, commercial capsules, commercial creams, Jordanian extract, Egyptian extract, Palestinian extract and commercial essential oils using NP densitometry. The TQ contents were found in same order using RP densitometry, but they were much lower than those recorded using NP densitometry. The Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) scores of NP and RP densitometry were found to be 0.82 and 0.84, respectively, suggesting an excellent greenness profile.ConclusionsBased on these results, NP/RP densitometry was found to be suitable for the pharmaceutical assay of TQ.
Differential frequency in imaging‐based outcome measurement: Bias in real‐world oncology comparative‐effectiveness studies
Authors: Adamson Blythe J. S. , Ma Xinran , Griffith Sandra D. , Sweeney Elizabeth M. , Sarkar Somnath , Bourla Ariel B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundComparative‐effectiveness studies using real‐world data (RWD) can be susceptible to surveillance bias. In solid tumor oncology studies, analyses of endpoints such as progression‐free survival (PFS) are based on progression events detected by imaging assessments. This study aimed to evaluate the potential bias introduced by differential imaging assessment frequency when using electronic health record (EHR)‐derived data to investigate the comparative effectiveness of cancer therapies.MethodsUsing a nationwide de‐identified EHR‐derived database, we first analyzed imaging assessment frequency patterns in patients diagnosed with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). We used those RWD inputs to develop a discrete event simulation model of two treatments where disease progression was the outcome and PFS was the endpoint. Using this model, we induced bias with differential imaging assessment timing and quantified its effect on observed versus true treatment effectiveness. We assessed percent bias in the estimated hazard ratio (HR).ResultsThe frequency of assessments differed by cancer treatment types. In simulated comparative‐effectiveness studies, PFS HRs estimated using real‐world imaging assessment frequencies differed from the true HR by less than 10% in all scenarios (range: 0.4% to −9.6%). The greatest risk of biased effect estimates was found comparing treatments with widely different imaging frequencies, most exaggerated in disease settings where time to progression is very short.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence that the frequency of imaging assessments to detect disease progression can differ by treatment type in real‐world patients with cancer and may induce some bias in comparative‐effectiveness studies in some situations.
Clickable 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid‐derived AB2 monomers: Hyperbranched polyesters through the CuAAC cycloaddition (click) reaction
Authors: Pacini Aurora , Nitti Andrea , Sangiovanni Guido , Vitale Marcello , Pasini Dario 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present the synthesis and characterization of two aliphatic AB2 monomers derived from the readily available 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid and containing one alkyne group and two azide functionalities. The distance between the polymerizable groups differs in the two monomers by the insertion of an additional carbon atom in the aliphatic structure that addresses the steric demand during polymerization. The synthetic procedure for the monomers is relatively simple and scalable, and the monomers are able to polymerize through the Copper(I)‐catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC reaction). The polymerization affords hyperbranched polymers in good yields and molecular weights and moderate degrees of branching. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working under pressure: Managing overpressure hazards with high integrity protective systems
Authors: Summers Angela E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe process industrial sector has accepted the use of high integrity protective systems (HIPS) to prevent overpressure of vessels and pipelines. The most common use cases are where a pressure relief device is considered impractical by the owner/operator due to application‐specific factors or where emergency venting causes significant safety consequences. HIPS can also be used to eliminate or minimize the environmental impact of emergency venting. The effectiveness of HIPS is limited by the skill applied in the identification of the overpressure hazards and in the implementation of the HIPS to stop those scenarios. Ultimately, it is the owner/operator who must ensure that the HIPS is designed, installed, operated, and maintained in a manner that prevents overpressure of process equipment.
Seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chisale Master R. O. , Ramazanu Sheena , Mwale Saul Eric , Kumwenda Pizga , Chipeta Mep , Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Nkhata Obed , Nyambalo Billy , Chavura Elton , Mbakaya Balwani C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe estimated the seroprevalence of anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies in residents of African countries and explored its associated factors. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED, CINAHL, DOAJ and Google Scholar databases for peer reviewed articles and pre‐prints that reported anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence of general or specific human populations resident in Africa. The eligible studies were evaluated using Joana Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tool. Twenty‐three studies involving 27,735 individuals were included in our paper. The pooled seroprevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in Africa was 22% (95%CI: 14–31) with very high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%, p < 0.001). Seroprevalence was highest in studies conducted in Central Africa compared to Southern Africa, West Africa, North Africa and East Africa respectively. The number of days between the first reported coronavirus disease 2019 case in each country and when a seroprevalence study was conducted was a significant moderator of seroprevalence. Seropositivity was numerically influenced by gender and age of the participants with males and those aged below 50 years being most affected with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The highest pooled seroprevalence in Africa reported in this review should be interpreted cautiously due to high heterogeneity between studies. Continued seroprevalence surveillance is warranted to establish Africa's transition towards herd immunity.
Deep depth profiling using gas cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry: Micrometer topography development and effects on depth resolution
Authors: Muramoto Shin , Graham Daniel J. 
Published: July 2021

Secondary ion mass spectrometry using the argon cluster primary ion beam enables molecular compositional depth profiling of organic thin films with minimal loss of chemical information or changes in sputter rate. However, for depth profiles of thicker organic films (>10 μm of sputtered depth), we have observed the rapid formation of micron‐scale topography in the shape of pillars that significantly affect both the linearity of the sputter yield and depth resolution. To minimize distortions in the 3D reconstruction of the sample due to this topography, a stepwise, staggered sample rotation was employed. By using polymer spheres embedded in an organic film, it was possible to measure the depth resolution at the film‐sphere interface as a function of sputtered depth and observe when possible distortions in the 3D image occurred. In this way, it was possible to quantitatively measure the effect of micron‐scale topography and sample rotation on the quality of the depth profile.
Interfacial Defects Change the Correlation between Photoluminescence, Ideality Factor, and Open‐Circuit Voltage in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Sohyeon , Jang Jun Hyeok , Wu Ziang , Lee Mi Jung , Woo Han Young , Hwang Inchan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ideality factor (nid) and photoluminescence (PL) analyses assess charge recombination characteristics in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). However, their correlations with open‐circuit voltage (Voc) are often found to be complicated depending on the recombination types in the devices. Herein, the correlation of nid, PL characteristics and Voc is elucidated depending on the interfacial crystal quality in triple‐cation mixed‐halide perovskite, Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3, deposited on different hole transport layers (HTLs). In the devices with low quality interfacial crystals, Voc increases together with nid, which originates from the light intensity‐dependence of majority carrier at the interface. Meanwhile, a negative correlation between Voc and nid is observed for devices with high quality interfacial crystals. The authors discuss the cases that PL enhancement by the improvement of overall crystal quality can fail to correlate with a Voc increase if interfacial crystal quality becomes worse. The study highlights that interfacial crystal quality evaluation can help to understand charge recombination via nid and PL measurements, and more importantly provide information of which defect engineering between at the interface and in the bulk would be more effective for device optimization.
Defect‐Engineered Nanozyme‐Linked Receptors
Authors: Wu Yu , Wen Jing , Xu Weiqing , Huang Jiajia , Jiao Lei , Tang Yinjun , Chen Yifeng , Yan Hongye , Cao Shiyu , Zheng Lirong , Gu Wenling , Hu Liuyong , Zhang Lizhi , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThough nanozymes are successfully applied in various areas, the increasing demands facilitate the exploitation of nanozymes possessing higher activity and more functions. Natural enzyme‐linked receptors (ELRs) are critical components for signal transductions in vivo by expressing activity variations after binding with ligands. Inspired by this, the defect‐engineered carbon nitrides (DCN) are reported to serve as nanozyme‐linked receptors (NLRs). For one thing, cyano defects increase the enzyme‐like activity by a factor of 109.5. For another, DCN‐based NLRs are constructed by employing cyano groups as receptors, and variable outputs are ensued upon the addition of ion ligands. Significantly, both the cascade effect and electronic effect are demonstrated to contribute to this phenomenon. Finally, NLRs are used for pattern recognition of metal ions, indicating the signal transduction ability of NLRs as well. This work not only provides great promise of defect engineering in nanozymes, but also contributes to the design of artificial ELRs.
“I Don’t Even Know Why This is a Monument”: Exploring Multimodal Making in Early Childhood
Authors: Price‐Dennis Detra , Mapes Noelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, we offer insights into the literacy practices that supported students’ inquiry and critical media making about the role of monuments in our society. We learned that multimodal making with print‐based and digital tools provided an opportunity for the students to engage in critical historical analysis of the monuments in NYC. Specifically, this work revealed that 1) technologies functioned as tools for process and production; 2) students constructed monuments to honor collective action for humanity; and 3) students developed fluid and interconnected literacy practices.
Canine disseminated peritoneal angiomatosis with arterial differentiation in a 10‐month‐old Rhodesian Ridgeback
Authors: Bacon Jessica , Berman Katherine Gray , Gosling Mark , Jardim Gomes Barbara , Giannasi Chiara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA 10‐month‐old, male entire Rhodesian Ridgeback was presented with a 1‐week history of vomiting, small and large intestinal diarrhoea, hyporexia and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal ultrasonography and contrast computed tomography demonstrated multiple cystic masses of varied size and wall thickness with no appreciable origin. An exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple mass lesions throughout the mesentery, located adjacent to blood vessels and varying in size from approximately 2 mm up to 13 cm in diameter. In histologic sections, the nodular structures resembled thick‐walled arteries. Immunohistochemistry confirmed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for von Willebrand factor, CD31 and smooth muscle actin. This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first case of disseminated peritoneal angiomatosis with arterial differentiation in the dog. The dog was euthanased due to the progressive nature of the mass lesions.
Social networks research in ex situ populations: Patterns, trends, and future directions for conservation‐focused behavioral research
Authors: Lewton Jack , Rose Paul E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocial networks research using non‐human animals has grown over the past decade, utilizing a wide range of species to answer an array of pure and applied questions. Network approaches have relevance to conservation, evaluating social influences on fecundity, health, fitness and longevity. While the application of network approaches to in situ populations with conservation concern appears in published literature, the degree to which ex situ and zoo‐housed populations are the focus of “social networks for conservation research” is limited. Captive environments provide scientists with an ability to understand the social behavior of species that may be hard to observe consistently in the wild. This paper evaluates the scope of network research involving ex situ populations, analyzing output from 2010 to 2019 to determine trends in questions and subjects using ex situ populations. We show that only 8.2% of ex situ social network analysis (SNA) implications are of conservation‐focus, apparent in papers relating to birds, carnivores, bats, primates, reptiles, and ungulates. Husbandry and welfare questions predominate in ex situ network research, but over half of these papers have nonpractical application (basic science). The chance of a citation for a basic science paper was 95.4% more than for a conservation‐based paper. For taxonomic groups, primate‐focused papers had the most citations. The focus of ex situ conservation‐based networks research may be driven by the needs of conservation programs (e.g., population recovery outcomes) or by a need to evaluate the efficacy of ex situ conservation goals. We evaluate our findings considering the IUCN's One Plan Approach to conservation to show how in situ and ex situ network research is applicable to global conservation efforts. We have identified that there is a lack of application and evaluation of SNA to wildlife conservation. We highlight future areas of research in zoos and hope to stimulate discussion and collaboration between relevant parties.
NNLO QCD study of polarised W+W− production at the LHC
Authors: Poncelet Rene , Popescu Andrei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Longitudinal polarisation of the weak bosons is a direct consequence of Electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism providing an insight into its nature, and is instrumental in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We perform a polarisation study of the diboson production in the pp →$$ {\mathrm{e}}^{+}{v}_{\mathrm{e}}{\mu}^{-}{\overline{v}}_{\mu } $$

e
+

v
e

μ
−

v
¯

μ

process at NNLO QCD in the fiducial setup inspired by experimental measurements at ATLAS. This is the first polarisation study at NNLO. We employ the double-pole approximation framework for the polarised calculation, and investigate NNLO effects arising in differential distributions.