bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Ziziphus spina-christi is a perennial, drought hardy tree. Despite some uncertainty regarding its native range, most sources suggest it originates from the Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa and the Middle East. It is adapted to grow in water-stressed habitats such as savannas and deserts. It is widely cultivated for its fruit, timber and use as fodder for livestock, as well as providing a stock-proof hedge and living fence, but is also used as a dune stabilizer, because of its very deep taproot and spreading lateral roots and in traditional medicine. Due to its cultivation, it has been introduced to parts of northern and tropical Africa and Madagascar. In 1885, Z. spina-christi was introduced to Curacao in the Caribbean, where it is now considered invasive. It has also been introduced to the neighbouring islands of Aruba and Bonaire. This species is an aggressive colonizer that, forms spiny and impenetrable thickets displacing and outcompeting native flora.
Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Dichanthium aristatum is a perennial grass native to Asia and parts of India and naturalized in the tropics and subtropics worldwide through its use as a forage/fodder species. It is reported as invasive in USA (Texas and Hawaii) and French Polynesia due to its prolific seed production, a high density of reproductive shoots and its fast growth. D. aristatum is also reported as invasive in heavily grazed grasslands. In Texas it invades and outcompetes native grasses in coastal prairie communities. D. aristatum has been categorized as an F1 (Fundamental Invasiveness Index 1) species: invasive in disturbed and natural habitats; affecting native species and the biodiversity by altering the native vegetation and habitats by outcompeting the native species; or causing economic damage. Although D. aristatum is considered potentially invasive in Cuba, it has been reported that despite naturalization of the species, it is not frequent, and is neither aggressive nor expanding in the country.
Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (Pata de gallina).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Lepidagathis alopecuroidea is a small perennial herb with a pantropical distribution, not reported as invasive in any of its current range. Although the species is not reported as present in the Pacific Islands, it is considered a threat at high altitudes (PIER, 2020). Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) list L. alopecuroidea as potentially invasive, including it in the category of species naturalised in some areas with a tendency to proliferate. It is also considered as a potential invasive species for the Lesser Antilles by Meyer and Lavergne (2004) despite most references listing the West Indies as part of its native distribution (Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2012).
Helenium quadridentatum (longdisk sneezeweed).
Authors: Dube Shruti 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Helenium quadridentatum is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae. Native to southeastern and south-central USA, Mexico and central America, it is listed as an invasive weed species in Cuba. It has been recorded as a garden plant in the UK and is naturalized in some districts of New Zealand but there is no evidence to suggest that it has impacted the local flora. The plant is toxic to ruminants and the pollen is an irritant to humans.
Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

B. aegyptiaca is one of the most important tree species for African people because it provides food, medicinal products and fuel-wood valued for subsistence living in arid and semiarid areas (PROTA, 2016). This species is well adapted to grow in a wide range of habitats, soil types (from fine sands to heavy clay) and climatic moisture levels (Janick and Paull, 2008; Orwa et al., 2009). This thorny, long-lived tree has been introduced into cultivation in the Cape Verde islands, the Azores, India, Curacao, Bonaire, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico (Booth and Wickens, 1988; Chothani and Vaghasiya, 2011; Burg et al., 2012; Govaerts, 2016). Currently it has been listed as invasive only in Curacao (Burg et al., 2012). On this island it is spreading primarily across ruderal areas. B. aegyptiaca is also listed as a weed in Palestine and in Sudan where it grows forming dense thorny thickets (Zohary, 1973; Miehe, 1986).
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass).
Authors:   CABI
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a perennial grass with fragrant foliage that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for essential oil extracts from its leaves and roots, and for use as a culinary and medicinal herb. The species has rhizomes and densely tufted fibrous roots that tiller strongly, and has the potential to escape from cultivation. Once established, C. schoenanthus often behaves as a weed, forming monospecific stands. Currently It is only listed as invasive in Anguilla and included in the Global Compendium of Weeds.
Parmentiera Aculeata (cucumber tree).
Authors: Areces-Berazain Fabiola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Parmentiera aculeata is a small tree occasionally cultivated as an ornamental or for its edible, cucumber-like fruits. It is native to southern Mexico and several Central American countries, but has been introduced elsewhere in cultivation and has escaped in some countries. In its native range, it is a mid-successional species, able to colonize open areas. It is often found in pastures and disturbed sites along roads and near dwellings. It has been reported as naturalized and potentially problematic in Cuba and as an invasive in northern Queensland, Australia, where it is regarded as an environmental weed.
Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Diplazium esculentum is a herbaceous fern native to Asia. It has been introduced into a number of countries in Africa, Oceania and North America as an ornamental and as a food source. As it produces a large number of spores it can easily escape cultivation and rapidly spread into new areas. The species is reported as having escaped cultivation and become invasive in Hawaii, USA, New Zealand and Australia. In Hawaii, D. esculentum grows abundantly in wet valleys and in sheltered moist areas at dry sites. It is also a frequent volunteer in gardens. In New Zealand it has escaped from cultivation, spreading rapidly and aggressively in riverbanks at an average rate of spread of 1 m per year. In Australia the species is widely cultivated for food and as an ornamental, naturalising in swampy areas of Queensland. Its impacts on other habitats or species are unknown.
Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bougainvillea spectabilis is an aggressive climbing vine or shrub growing >10 m high. Native to Brazil, this species has been extensively introduced into tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world. It is reported to be invasive on the Chilean island of Rapa Nui (Easter Island/Isla de Pasqua) and on Diego Garcia Island in the Indian Ocean. It is often planted as an ornamental and hedge plant in gardens, parks and along roadsides; it can support itself on other plants by means of thorns carried in the leaf axils. It reproduces sexually by seed and vegetatively by cuttings and stem fragments. Fruits are winged achenes, which can be easily dispersed by wind or water. Once established, B. spectabilis can climb trees or shrubs suffocating them and out-competing understorey plants.
Superficial state regulation in double-anion-coupled Ni nanostructure for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Liqian , Shi Dongdong , Chen Qiang , Liu Lizhe , Wu Niandu , Shan Qi , Chen Meiyu , Wang Dunhui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Because nickel-sulfide based electrode materials are regarded as appealing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, various strategies have been designed to enhance their HER activity. Herein, we adopt a simple electrodeposition method to synthesize amorphous nickel sulfide electrocatalysts. Through altering the added amounts of electroplating bath consisting of NiCl2 and thiourea (TU), the HER electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte of these nickel sulfides can be optimized, and it exhibits a low overpotential of 130 mV at a current density of −10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 91 mV dec−1, and high electrochemical stability. The experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations suggest that the excellent electrochemical activity is ascribed to the coordination regulation of Ni nanostructures decorated with sulfur and oxygen anions. These findings demonstrate a simple and effective method to explore high efficiency electrocatalysts to HER.
Non-Hermitian elastic waveguides with piezoelectric feedback actuation: non-reciprocal bands and skin modes
Authors: Braghini Danilo , Villani Luis G G , Rosa Matheus I N , de F Arruda José R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate non-Hermitian (NH) elastic waveguides with periodically applied proportional feedback efforts, implemented through piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Using one-dimensional spectral models for longitudinal motion, it is shown that dispersion diagrams of this family of structures exhibit non-reciprocal imaginary frequency components, manifesting as wave attenuation or amplification along opposite directions for all Bloch bands (BBs). The effects of positive and negative proportional feedback, as well as local and non-local actuation are investigated. Overall, switching the sign of the feedback effort inverts the amplification direction, while increasing the degree of non-locality produces splitting of the BBs into multiple bands with interchanging non-reciprocal behavior. Furthermore, skin modes localized at the boundaries of finite domains are investigated and successfully predicted by the winding number of the complex dispersion bands. These results contribute to recent efforts in designing metamaterials with novel properties associated with the physics of non-Hermitian systems, which may find fruitful technological applications relying on vibration and noise control, wave localization, filtering and multiplexing.
Interface band offset determination of ultra-thin oxides grown on TiO2 and ZnO by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Drivas Charalampos , Botzakaki Martha A , Georga Stavroula N , Krontiras Christoforos A , Kennou Stella 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The knowledge of the electronic structure of the interface is important when designing microelectronic devices with maximum efficiency, based on oxide heterostructures. The design of microelectronic devices tends to utilize thinner layers of materials in order to reduce their overall volume and to maximize their efficiency, resulting in layers up to a few nanometers. Incorporation of sub-nanometer oxides onto oxide surfaces is often used to improve the efficiency of polymer solar cells. In this work, the chemical composition and the valence band of interfaces formed by ultra-thin, less than 1 nm, atomic layer deposited Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, Ta2O5 and ZnO films, onto TiO2 and ZnO substrates, were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electronic structure of the interface was examined, based on the conduction and valence band offsets, which were determined using the Kraut method.
Identification of dislocation-related and point-defects in III-As layers for silicon photonics applications
Authors: Zenari Michele , Buffolo Matteo , De Santi Carlo , Norman Justin , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Bowers John E , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify, analyze and compare the defects present in III-As, as a function of dislocation density, and as a function of the presence/absence of quantum dots (QDs). Such materials are of fundamental importance for the development of lasers and photodiodes for silicon photonics. The study is based on an extensive deep-level transient spectroscopy investigation, carried out on GaAs pin diodes grown on Si and on GaAs (that differ in the dislocation density), with and without embedded QDs. The original results described in this paper demonstrate that: (a) we were able to identify four different defects within the device grown on Si (three electron and one hole traps) and one defect (hole trap) in the device on GaAs, common to both samples; (b) all the majority carrier traps identified are located near midgap, i.e. are efficient non-radiative recombination centers; (c) such defects are absent (or non-detectable) in the sample grown on GaAs substrate, having a very low dislocation density; (d) the presence of QDs does not result in additional defects within the semiconductor material; (e) the analysis of the capture kinetics revealed that two of the identified traps are related to point defects, whereas the other two traps can be associated with point defects located near a dislocation; (f) a comparison with previous reports indicate that the detected traps are related to native III-As defects, or to oxygen-related complexes.
Tunable tunnel barriers in a semiconductor via ionization of individual atoms
Authors: Mueller Sara M , Kim Dongjoon , McMillan Stephen R , Tjung Steven J , Repicky Jacob J , Gant Stephen , Lang Evan , Bergmann Fedor , Werner Kevin , Chowdhury Enam , Asthagiri Aravind , Flatté Michael E , Gupta Jay A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of individual adatoms deposited on an InSb(110) surface. The adatoms can be reproducibly dropped off from the STM tip by voltage pulses, and impact tunneling into the surface by up to ∼100×. The spatial extent and magnitude of the tunneling effect are widely tunable by imaging conditions such as bias voltage, set current and photoillumination. We attribute the effect to occupation of a (+/0) charge transition level, and switching of the associated adatom-induced band bending. The effect in STM topographic images is well reproduced by transport modeling of filling and emptying rates as a function of the tip position. STM atomic contrast and tunneling spectra are in good agreement with density functional theory calculations for In adatoms. The adatom ionization effect can extend to distances greater than 50 nm away, which we attribute to the low concentration and low binding energy of the residual donors in the undoped InSb crystal. These studies demonstrate how individual atoms can be used to sensitively control current flow in nanoscale devices.
Application of an information fusion scheme for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Fan Ji , Qi Yongsheng , Liu Liqiang , Gao Xuejin , Li Yongting 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study addresses the high level of misdiagnoses and low reliability of individual rolling element bearing fault diagnosis methods by proposing a fault diagnosis scheme with enhanced diagnosis accuracy that combines the results of two individual diagnosis methods based on an improved information fusion method. The proposed scheme applies variational mode decomposition in conjunction with a support vector machine for conducting fault diagnosis in the frequency domain, which achieves high fault diagnosis precision for learned fault conditions. Meanwhile, good generalization ability is achieved for identifying the operational conditions of bearings in the time domain by integrated mathematical morphology and correlation analysis. Subsequently, conflicts arising between evidences derived from the individual detection results are measured comprehensively using a novel strategy, and the evidences are then combined based on the Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to enhance the information fusion effect. The effectiveness of the proposed information fusion method is verified by means of a numerical example in comparison with other fusion methods based on DST. The experimental application of the proposed information fusion fault diagnosis scheme demonstrates the complementary advantages of the two individual methods for significantly improving the diagnosis accuracy relative to the accuracies of the individual methods alone.
Model of a surface acoustic wave sensing system based on received signal strength indication detection
Authors: Han Wei , Bu Xiongzhu , Xu Miaomiao , Zhu Yunpu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing systems based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) detection principle have recently gained considerable research attention because of their distinct advantages and disadvantages. However, the test mode requires constant sweeping, which severely limits the system’s dynamic response; to overcome this limitation, an effective solution is to establish a suitable eigenvalue search strategy to replace naive sweeping. To this end, a basis for this process is established in this study. Furthermore, the mechanism of the SAW sensing system based on RSSI detection is analyzed, a system model is established by introducing sequence signal superposition, and the model’s validity is verified via experiments. Signal variations at each stage and model errors are analyzed, and the system’s timing parameters are optimized. Finally, using the SAW torque sensor, an optimized torque measurement prototype is designed and the system’s effectiveness is verified through static torque experiments. A complete model of the measurement system can be simulated through this model; it provides the basis for an eigenvalue search strategy and can act as a simulation model or design basis for other researchers building RSSI-detection-based SAW sensing systems.
About the computation of finite temperature ensemble averages of hybrid quantum-classical systems with molecular dynamics
Authors: Alonso J L , Bouthelier-Madre C , Castro A , Clemente-Gallardo J , Jover-Galtier J A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Molecular or condensed matter systems are often well approximated by hybrid quantum-classical models: the electrons retain their quantum character, whereas the ions are considered to be classical particles. We discuss various alternative approaches for the computation of equilibrium (canonical) ensemble averages for observables of these hybrid quantum-classical systems through the use of molecular dynamics (MD)-i.e. by performing dynamics in the presence of a thermostat and computing time-averages over the trajectories. Often, in classical or ab initio MD, the temperature of the electrons is ignored and they are assumed to remain at the instantaneous ground state given by each ionic configuration during the evolution. Here, however, we discuss the general case that considers both classical and quantum subsystems at finite temperature canonical equilibrium. Inspired by a recent formal derivation for the canonical ensemble for quantum classical hybrids, we discuss previous approaches found in the literature, and provide some new formulas.
On the importance of lensing for galaxy clustering in photometric and spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Jelic-Cizmek Goran , Lepori Francesca , Bonvin Camille , Durrer Ruth 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the importance of gravitational lensing in modelling the number counts of galaxies for the first time in spectroscopic surveys. We confirm previous results for photometric surveys, showing that lensing cannot be neglected in a survey like LSST since it would infer a significant shift of standard cosmological parameters. For a spectroscopic survey like SKA2, we find that neglecting lensing in the monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole of the correlation function can also induce an important shift of cosmological parameters. For ΛCDM parameters, the shift is moderate, of the order of 0.6σ or less. However, for a model-independent analysis, that measures the growth rate of structure in each redshift bins, neglecting lensing introduces a shift of up to 2.3σ at high redshift. Since the growth rate is directly used to test the theory of gravity, such a strong shift would wrongly be interpreted as the breakdown of General Relativity. This shows the importance of including lensing in the analysis of future surveys. For a survey like DESI, we find on the other hand that lensing is not important, mainly due to the value of the magnification bias parameter of DESI, s(z), which strongly reduces the lensing contribution at high redshift. This result relies on our theoretical modelling of s(z) in DESI and should therefore be confirmed with measurements of s(z) in simulations.
We also propose a way of improving the analysis of spectroscopic surveys, by including the cross-correlations between different redshift bins (which is neglected in spectroscopic surveys) from the spectroscopic survey or from a different photometric sample. We show that including the cross-correlations in the SKA2 analysis does not improve the constraints. On the other hand replacing the cross-correlations from SKA2 by cross-correlations measured with LSST improves the constraints by 10% to 20%.
The marginal improvement is mainly due to the density correlations between nearby bins and, therefore, does not
strongly depend on our knowledge of the magnification bias.
Interestingly, for standard cosmological parameter estimation, the photometric survey LSST in its 12 redshift bin configuration
and the spectroscopic SKA2 survey are highly complementary, since they are affected by different degeneracies between parameters:
LSST yields the tightest constraints on Ωcdm, h and n
s, while SKA2 better constrains Ωbaryon, A
s and the bias.
A possible mass distribution of primordial black holes implied by LIGO-Virgo
Authors: Deng Heling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The LIGO-Virgo Collaboration has so far detected around 90
black holes, some of which have masses larger than what were
expected from the collapse of stars. The mass distribution of
LIGO-Virgo black holes appears to have a peak at ∼ 30M
☉
and two tails on the ends. By assuming that they all have a
primordial origin, we analyze the GWTC-1 (O1&O2) and GWTC-2 (O3a)
datasets by performing maximum likelihood estimation on a broken
power law mass function f(m), with the result f ∝ m
1.2
for m < 35 M
☉ and f ∝ m
-4 for m > 35 M
☉. This
appears to behave better than the popular log-normal mass
function. Surprisingly, such a simple and unique distribution can be
realized in our previously proposed mechanism of PBH formation,
where the black holes are formed by vacuum bubbles that nucleate
during inflation via quantum tunneling. Moreover, this mass
distribution can also provide an explanation to supermassive black
holes formed at high redshifts.
Reporting of Hospital Facility on Smartphone
Authors: Rusdi Jack Febrian , Salam Sazilah , Abu Nur Azman , Sunaryo Budi , Agustina Nova , Gusdevi Harya , Hermansah  , Hadhiwibowo Ari , Heryati Tuty , Hardi Richki , Taufiq Rohmat , Jufri Muhammad Taher , Sudarsono Ignatius , Utomo Eko Wahyu , Kodong Frans Richard , Fannya Puteri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the context of achieving Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in hospitals, among others, it is carried out with control and supervision, including in the case of hospital facility maintenance installations. Besides that, the hospital needs to improve its services. The asset reporting system is one of the high needs in this field, so it requires a solution that can deal with existing problems. Unfortunately, the current reporting system so far is more likely to be conventional, such as by telephone. This study proposes a new solution to the hospital facility maintenance reporting process, namely by utilising smartphone-based applications that directly connected to the server. So, the information distributed to the competent parties. This solution can speed up the reporting process and actions. Also, save the historical equipment that is available from each service room — the results of this study used as a hospital facility maintenance reporting system.