bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A usability study in patients with stroke using MERLIN, a robotic system based on serious games for upper limb rehabilitation in the home setting.
Authors: Guillén-Climent Silvia , Garzo Ainara , Muñoz-Alcaraz María Nieves , Casado-Adam Pablo , Ruiz-Ruano Javier Arcas , Mejías-Ruiz Manuela , Mayordomo-Riera Fernando Jesús 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Neuroscience and neurotechnology are transforming stroke rehabilitation. Robotic devices, in addition to telerehabilitation, are increasingly being used to train the upper limbs after stroke, and their use at home allows us to extend institutional rehabilitation by increasing and prolonging therapy. The aim of this study is to assess the usability of the MERLIN robotic system based on serious games for upper limb rehabilitation in people with stroke in the home environment.Methods: 9 participants with a stroke in three different stages of recovery (subacute, short-term chronic and long-term chronic) with impaired arm/hand function, were recruited to use the MERLIN system for 3 weeks: one week training at the Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), and 2 weeks at the patients’ homes. To evaluate usability, the System Usability Scale (SUS), Adapted Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST), and the ArmAssist Usability Assessment Questionnaire were used in the post-intervention. Clinical outcomes for upper limb motor function were assessed pre- and post-intervention.Results: 9 patients participated in and completed the study. The usability assessment reported a high level of satisfaction: mean SUS score 71.94 % (SD=16.38), mean QUEST scale 3.81 (SD=0.38), and mean Adapted IMI score 6.12 (SD=1.36). The results of the ArmAssist Questionnaire showed an average of 6 out of 7, which indicates that MERLIN is extremely intuitive, easy to learn and easy to use. Regarding clinical assessment, the Fugl-Meyer scores showed moderate improvements from pre- to post-intervention in the total score of motor function (p = 0.002). There were no significant changes in the Modified Ashworth scale outcomes (p = 0.169).Conclusions: This usability study indicates that home-based rehabilitation for upper limbs with the MERLIN system is safe, useful, feasible and motivating. Telerehabilitation constitutes a major step forward in the use of intensive rehabilitation at home.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04405609. Registered 06 January 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04405609
Formulation and Characterization of gallic acid and quercetin chitosan nanoparticles for sustained release in treating Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Patil Poournima , Killedar Suresh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current work was addressed to characterize gallic acid from amla fruit and quercetin from peels of pomegranate fruit and formulated into Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles and to evaluate their cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cell lines for the treatment of DMH induced colorectal cancer in Wistar rats. Identification of the biomolecules was performed by using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, as 1H-NMR, GC-MS, LC-MS and HPTLC. Characterization of CS nanoparticles carried out by using X- ray diffraction (XRD) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), entrapment efficiency and In vitro drug release confirmed successful encapsulation of biomolecules into CS nanoparticles. A significant change in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in CS nanoparticles compared to polyherbal extract were observed, with decrease in the colonic glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels and values differed significantly (P < 0.005).
Lithium inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation and modulate inflammation profiles in Rift Valley Fever Virus-infected Raw 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Makola Raymond Tshepiso , Kgaladi Joe , More Garland Kgosi , Vuren Petrus Jansen van , Paweska Janusz Tadeusz , Matsebatlela Thabe Moses 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic life-threatening viral infection endemic across sub-Saharan African countries and the Arabian Peninsula; however, there is a growing panic of its spread to non-endemic regions. This viral infection triggers a wide spectrum of symptoms that span from fibril illnesses to more severe symptoms such as haemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. These severe symptoms have been associated with dysregulated immune response propagated by the virulence factor, non-structural protein (NSs). Thus, this study investigates the effects of lithium on NF-κB translocation and RFVF-induced inflammation in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Methods: The supernatant from RVFV-infected Raw 264.7 cells, treated with lithium, was examined using an ELISA assay kit to measure levels of cytokines and chemokines. The H2DCF-DA and DAF-2 DA florigenic assays were used to determine the levels of ROS and RNS by measuring the cellular fluorescence intensity post RVFV-infection and lithium treatment. Western blot and immunocytochemistry assays were used to measure expression levels of the inflammatory proteins and cellular location of the NF-κB, respectively. Results: Lithium was shown to stimulate interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production as early as 3 hrs pi. Production of the secondary pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), were elevated as early as 12 hrs pi. Treatment with lithium stimulated increase of production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin -10 (IL-10) in RVFV-infected and uninfected macrophages as early as 3 hrs pi. The RVFV-infected cells treated with lithium displayed lower ROS and RNS production as opposed to lithium-free RVFV-infected control cells. Western blot analyses demonstrated that lithium inhibited iNOS expression while stimulating expression of heme oxygenase (HO) and IκB in RVFV-infected Raw 264.7 macrophages. Results from immunocytochemistry and Western blot assays revealed that lithium inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation in RVFV-infected cells compared to lithium-free RVFV-infected cells and 5 mg/ml LPS controls. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that lithium inhibits NF-kB nuclear translocation and modulate inflammation profiles in RVFV-infected Raw 264.7 macrophage cells.
Models of Transforming Quality Management Systems in the Digital Company
Authors: Manakhova I. V. , Levchenko E. V. , Esina A. R. 
Published: February 2021

Today enterprises and organizations use and develop digital technologies more and more intensively, for example, artificial intellect, the Internet of things, chat-bots, virtual and augmented reality, block-chain, which shapes a new landscape in economic activity and changes nature of interrelations in the quality management system (QMS). In conditions of business digitalization physical economic activity is shifted to the virtual environment. The article studies transformation processes in quality management systems of companies under the influence of digital technologies, analyzes mechanisms and directions of raising product quality, growth in efficiency and effectiveness in quality management systems and reaching competitive advantages of digital company. The authors tried to investigate three aspects in the field of developing QMS in companies in conditions of digitalization: 1) studying changing character of stakeholders’ cooperation in digital company QMS; 2) designing tools for assessing cost of these transformations in digital company; 3) analyzing methods of raising efficiency of competitive advantages creation in digital company with new forms stakeholders’ cooperation in QMS. The research identifies models of transforming QMS in digital companies and shows character of stakeholders’ cooperation, it also proposes upgrading tools for assessing the cost of digital company transformation and works out ways of raising competitiveness of digital company in different models of transforming QMS.
Growth and Yield Response of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) to Intra-row Spacing and Variety at Selekeleka, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Teshale Mulu , Tekeste Negasi 
Published: February 2021

Background:Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. Many factors affect the productivity of the crop in the country, however poor agronomic practices, especially the use of low-yielding varieties and inappropriate spacing, are the major ones.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth and yield response of garlic to intra-row spacing and variety, and to identify the optimum intra-row spacing and high-yielding variety.Methods:The field experiment was composed of three garlic varieties vis-a-vis Tsedey 92, Bishoftu Netch and Local and four levels of intra-row spacing with 5cm, 7.5cm, 10cm and 12.5 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using Genstat software.Results:Main effects of variety and intra-row spacing significantly(p≤0.05) affected days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, bulb length, bulb diameter, clove number per bulb, mean bulb weight, and clove diameter. Interaction effects of variety and intra-row spacing significantly (p≤0.05) influenced clove length, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, marketable cloves per bulb, marketable, unmarketable and total bulb yield. The highest total bulb yield of 8.98 tha-1was obtained from treatment combination of variety Tsedey 92 and 5cm intra-row spacing although at par with treatment combinations of Bishoftu Netch variety and 5cm intra-row spacing which gave 8.70 tha-1while the lowest (5.37 tha-1) was obtained at treatment combinations of local variety and intra-spacing of 12.5cm. The highest (8.05 tha-1) and lowest (4.94 tha-1) marketable bulb yield of garlic were obtained at treatment combinations of variety Tsedey 92 planted with 5cm intra-row spacing and local variety planted with 12.5cm, respectively.Conclusion:Tsedey 92 variety together with an intra-row spacing of 5cm could be suggested for high total and marketable bulb yield in the study area.
Postoperative antibiotic therapy patterns in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients
Authors: Inayah Aghnia Fuadatul , Nugraha Rizki Lisya , Hasmono Didik 
Published: February 2021

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlarged prostate disease benign or a condition when the cells are present the prostate gland has an increased proliferation rate. There are several treatment options, including conservative (watchful waiting), medical, and surgery. Antibiotics in BPH cases can be prophylactic antibiotics or empiric antibiotics. This study was an observational study. The samples were BPH patients who received antibiotics for period January - November 2019. The pattern of prophylactic antibiotic use shows that most of the patients received ceftriaxone therapy. Operation on BPH patients is TURP which is an operation classified into surgery with a clean-contaminated category so that prophylactic antibiotics are required. There are two patterns of use for empiric antibiotics in BPH patients: single (88%) and combination (12%). The pattern of single or combined use is given to patients depending on the complications of the disease and the patient's clinical condition. BPH cases occur in men mostly occurs at the age of 60-74 years. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in BPH patients, namely ceftriaxone 1 gr IV once daily was 48 patients (90.6%), a broad spectrum. Meanwhile, the most use of empirical antibiotics with a single pattern is Ceftriaxone 1 gr IV twice daily (35.6%).
ANALISIS DISIPLIN DAN MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PADA KSP TRI DHARMA ARTHA DI KANTOR PUSAT SEPUTIH RAMAN
Authors: Lestari Ni Kadek Dwi , Rahayu Sri Retnaning , Sari Gustin Padwa 
Published: February 2021

Karyawan di dalam suatu perusahaan mempunyai peran yang sangat penting bagi kemajuanperusahaannya, karena pada dasarnya karyawan adalah ujung tombak yang menjalankan rodaperusahaan dengan kata lain karyawan adalah sumber kunci bagi perusahaan. Penelitia ini bertujuan
untuk mengetahui bagaimana pimpinan memberikan motivasi dan terhadap karyawan pada KSP TriDharma Artha. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Dari hasil peneltian menujukanbahwa motivasi sangat penting bagi seseorang mengingat motivasi merupakan dorongan atau motifdalam diri individu yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku tertentu, serta usaha menumbuhkembangkankehidupan pribadi yang bersangkutan.
Deserción Académica y Emociones en Ambientes E-learning
Authors: Lovos Edith , Aballay Laura 
Published: February 2021

En los espacios académicos de nivel superior, existe preocupación en relación a la deserción y abandono de los estudiantes. Por otra parte, existen investigaciones que asocian esta situación académica con el estado afectivo de los estudiantes. En este sentido, es importante analizar y comprender el estado anímico de los estudiantes universitarios, tratando de detectar qué emociones se manifiestan durante el cursado. Las emociones pueden expresarse y detectarse a través de diversos medios, tales como la expresión oral, expresiones faciales, gestos y expresión escrita. En este trabajo, se realizó un recorrido por algunas plataformas educativas consideradas afectivas, analizando los métodos y recursos que se utilizan en cada una de ellas, para la detección de emociones. Adicionalmente, se consultó a 20 docentes de nivel superior participantes de un curso de posgrado vinculado a la temática, acerca de su percepción respecto a las emociones que influyen en la deserción y abandono en los cursos que siguen la modalidad e-learning. En los resultados se evidenció que la emoción frustración, es considerada como aquella que influye en forma más negativa en el aprendizaje, y puede ser causante de abandono o deserción de los estudiantes, entre otros motivos.
Torneos de programación: combinando los aprendizajes competitivo y cooperativo
Authors: Fracchia Claudia Carina , Bramardi Sergio 
Published: February 2021

El empleo de metodologías activas, como es el caso del aprendizaje cooperativo, ha sido beneficioso para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de programación, tanto en el nivel secundario como en el universitario. Ante el desafío de combinar las ventajas asociadas a los aprendizajes cooperativo y competitivo, surgen los torneos de programación como recurso didáctico capaz de promover una motivación positiva y mejorar el rendimiento académico en el área de programación. Entre los años 2014 y 2017 se realizaron diferentes torneos de programación en los niveles secundario y universitario con el fin de generar contribuciones teóricas y metodológicas relacionadas a su uso en contextos educativos. La administración de diferentes encuestas y aplicación de métodos estadísticos permitió conocer indicadores de aspectos motivacionales y del uso de estrategias de aprendizaje, que tienen relación con los torneos y su impacto, tanto en el aprendizaje de programación como en el rendimiento académico. En el caso de este trabajo se presentan los indicadores que hacen referencia principalmente al trabajo cooperativo. El marco del estudio llevado a cabo fue el desarrollo de una tesis doctoral concluida a fines de 2018, en un posgrado de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue.
IBN RUSYD (Kritik Terhadap al-Gazali dan Pengaruhnya di Eropa)
Authors: Yamani Gasim 
Published: February 2021

This article aims to explore the treasures of Ibn Rushd's philosophy of rationality versus Al-Gazali's fundamental religious thought related to 3 (three) metaphysical problems, namely: (1). Qadimnya (eternal) nature, (2) God does not need to take care of small things (3). There is no physical resurrection. To understand and know the three problems, it can be described as follows:
One: Qadim or eternal nature. The scholars represented by Al-Gazali argue that God created this universe from nothing into existence. According to Ibn Rushd, the opinion of the ulama represented by Al-Gazali cannot be justified. Therefore, what is true is that there are 2 (two) substances of two things which are both eternal (eternal), namely God and Nature, although the nature of God is not the same as the nature of Nature. The existence of God was earlier while the existence of Nature was later or later. Initially, God and finally Nature are not in terms of time or time, but from the side of the level of matter, as previously the movement of a person with the movement of his shadow. In fact, a person's movement occurs first, followed by a moving image, but both of them move at the same time and time. Although it is different from the side of its origin.
Second: God doesn't have to take care of little things. Al-Gazali argues that knowledge is something that stands alone, even though it has a relationship or relationship with matter, science stands alone, the matter stands alone, but both of them manifest in one substance. Therefore, God is obliged to know everything big and small.
Third: Resurrection of the body. Al-Gazali argues that the bodily awakening coincides with the spirit. This reasoning is based on a large number of texts from the Al-Qur'an which informs about the awakening between the body and the spirit. This is as informed by God through the incident of the Prophet Moses who asked God so that God could show Prophet Moses how God brought life to the dead. The Lord answered, O Moses, chop a bird then put the bird's flesh separately into all the mountains, after that call the bird, surely the meats that you spread will gather together and immediately come before you. When the Prophet Musa cried out to the bird, suddenly the meat quickly moved to one another to become a bird as before.
PENGARUH ALOKASI DANA APBN DAN APBD SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP PDRB DAN PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Setiawati Erni , Rohmah Siti , Jufenli  , Qolbiy Nurul , Dwi Irsalina Nurulia 
Published: February 2021

Pengaruh Alokasi Dana APBN dan APBD Sektor Pertanian Terhadap PDRB Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada Teori Ekonomi Makro tentang Produk Domestik Bruto (PDRB).
Tujuan khusus yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh alokasi dana APBN dan APBD Sektor Pertanian terhadap PDRB dan dampaknya terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor pertanian di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis data secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Model Analisis Jalur (Analyis Path). Model persamaan Regresinya menggunakan model persamaan dua jalur.
Substruktur 1 : Y1 = ρY1X1 + ρY1X2 + e1
Substruktur 2 : Y2 = ρY2X1 + ρY2X2 + ρY2Y1 + e2
Di mana variabel PDRB (Y1) dan jumlah tenaga kerja yang terserap pada sektor pertanian (Y2) sebagai dependent variable, sedangkan alokasi dana APBN (X1) dan alokasi dana APBD (X2) sebagai independent variable atau disebut juga predictor (variabel penjelas).
Hasil penelitian setelah diuji baik secara uji signifikasi maupun uji simultan dan parsial bahwa antara alokasi dana APBN (X1), alokasi dana APBD (X2) dan nilai PDRB (Y1) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di sektor pertanian (Y2)

Kata kunci: Analisis Path, APBN, APBD, PDRB
Al Khayal Wal Takhyil fil 'Ashril "abbasy
Authors: Ewida Sherif Abdullhalim Mohamed , Abdullah Ramadan khalaf Morsy  , Elsayed Mohamed Salem  
Published: February 2021

الخيال أمر ضروري للإنسان، ولروحه وقلبه وعقله وشعوره، ولا غنى عنه ما دامت الحياة، ولقد حظي التخييل باهتمام عظيم خاصة عند الإبداعيين؛ فعرف مصطلح التخييل قديمًا في المعاجم العربية، وعرف أي ًضا عند الفلاسفة المسلمين واليونان، كما عرفه البلاغيون العرب القدامى كالجرجاني، وأبي هلال العسكري، وحازم القرطاجني. وقد نتج عن امتزاج الثقافات في العصر العباسي أن صارت صور الخيال معقدة؛ فسلك الأدباء والكتاب في ذلك العصر مسالك جديدة أسفرت عن التجديد في التخييل. وقد اكتظت كتب الأدب العباسي بالحكايا والخيالات التي اتسمت بطابع
النضج الفني. من هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة لإلقاء الضوء على ما وصلت إليه الفنون الأدبية في العصر العباسي من سمو وبهاء،
وتناول مفهوم الخيال لغة واصطلاحا، والوقوف عند بعض الحكايا والخيالات في العصر العباسي وتناولها بشيء من￼￼ التفصيل. وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في أنها تلقي الضوء على الرصيد المعرفي والثقافي للعصر العباسي، مع أخذ عينات من أوائل الكتب التراثية الأدبية التي أبرزت الخيال والتخييل، اعتمادا في ذلك كله على استخدام المنهج الوصفيالتحليلي.
Emergence of Primary Teeth in Children of Sunsari District of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Gupta Anita , Hiremath SS , Singh SK , Poudyal S , Niraula SR , Baral DD , Singh RK 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the timing and eruption sequence of primary teeth in children of Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal and compared the eruption pattern of males & females between various, ethnic groups.
Method: This cross-sectional study, included 501 subjects, aged 3 months to 60 months selected by simple random sampling method. The determinant variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, and eruption of teeth were recorded.
Results: This study provides a model data on emergence of primary teeth and number of deciduous teeth in these children. This is a first study of its kind in Nepal. The findings of this study will help as a reference data for optimal use in clinical, academic, and research activities, especially for children of Eastern Nepal.
A forme fruste of Shone’s anomaly in a 65 year-old patient
Authors: Moustafa Sherif E , Lesperance Jacques , Rouleau Jean-Lucien , Gosselin Gilbert 
Published: February 2021

Shone’s anomaly, a congenital cardiac malformation complex, consists of multiple levels
of left heart obstruction. A rare case of an incomplete form of this anomaly discovered incidentally
during cardiac catheterization for an unrelated event is described.
Loud Music Listening
Authors: Petrescu Nicolae 
Published: February 2021

Over the past four decades, there has been increasing interest in the effects of music listening on hearing. The purpose of this paper is to review published studies that detail the noise levels, the potential effects (e.g. noise-induced hearing loss), and the perceptions of those affected by music exposure in occupational and non-occupational settings. The review employed Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO, and the World Wide Web to find relevant studies in the scientific literature. Considered in this review are 43 studies concerning the currently most significant occupational sources of highintensity music: rock and pop music playing and employment at music venues, as well as the most significant sources of non-occupational high-intensity music: concerts, dicotheques (clubs), and personal music players. Although all of the activities listed above have the potential for hearing damage, the most serious threat to hearing comes from prolonged exposures to amplified live music (concerts). The review concludes that more research is needed to clarify the hearing loss risks of music exposure from personal music players and that current scientific literature clearly recognizes an unmet hearing health need for more education regarding the risks of loud music exposure and the benefits of wearing hearing protection, for more hearing protection use by those at risk, and for more regulations limiting music intensity levels at music entertainment venues.