bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) expressed in podocytes attenuates glomerulonephritis and suppresses autoantibody production in an imiquimod-induced lupus model
Authors: Fukuta Masashi , Suzuki Kotaro , Kojima Shotaro , Yabe Yoko , Suzuki Kazumasa , Iida Kazuma , Yamada Hiroyuki , Makino Shinichi , Iwata Arifumi , Tanaka Shigeru , Iwamoto Taro , Suto Akira , Nakagomi Daiki , Wakashin Hidefumi , Maezawa Yuko , Maezawa Yoshiro , Takemoto Minoru , Asanuma Katsuhiko , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveRecently, podocytes have been recognised not only as a physical barrier to prevent urinary protein loss but also as producers of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the roles of podocytes in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) remain largely unknown. This study aims to determine the roles of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) family members expressed in glomeruli in the regulation of LN.MethodsWe investigated the expression of SOCS family members in glomeruli in murine lupus model induced by repeated epicutaneous administration of the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod. We also investigated the roles of SOCS3 expressed in podocytes in the imiquimod-induced glomerulonephritis and systemic autoimmunity by using podocyte-specific SOCS3-deficient mice (podocin-Cre x SOCS3fl/flmice (SOCS3-cKO mice)). Finally, we investigated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SOCS3-deficient podocyte cell lines.ResultsqPCR analysis revealed that among SOCS family members, SOCS3 was preferentially induced in glomeruli on epicutaneous administration of imiquimod and that interleukin 6 (IL-6) induced SOCS3 expression in podocyte cell lines. SOCS3-cKO mice exhibited severe glomerulonephritis, high levels of serum creatinine and urine albumin and decreased survival rate compared with control SOCS3-WT mice. Levels of anti-double-strand DNA antibody, SOCS (GC) formation and the numbers of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and GC B cells in the spleen were higher in SOCS3-cKO mice than those in SOCS3-WT mice. Serum IL-6 levels and expression of IL-6 mRNA in glomeruli were also elevated in SOCS3-cKO mice. IL-6-induced IL-6 expression was enhanced in SOCS3-deficient podocyte cell lines compared with that in SOCS3-sufficient podocyte cell lines.ConclusionSOCS3 expressed in podocytes plays protective roles for the development of glomerulonephritis and inhibits autoantibody production in the imiquimod-induced lupus model presumably by suppressing IL-6 production of podocytes.
Review on therapeutic targets for COVID-19: insights from cytokine storm
Authors: de Mélo Silva Júnior Mário Luciano , de Souza Lívia Maria Alves , Dutra Renata Ellen Maria Carvalho , Valente Ramon Gonçalves de Melo , Melo Thayanara Silva 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been caused the greatest pandemic of our century. Many of the deaths related to it are due to a systemic inflammatory response, which has been called ‘cytokine storm’.ObjectivesWe developed a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology mechanisms of COVID-19 and of the rationale for drugs and therapeutics that have been tested in clinical trials.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 has evolutive mechanisms that made it spread all around the globe, as a higher latency period and a lesser lethality than other coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes a delay in the innate immune response and it disarranges the immune system leading to an overwhelming inflammatory reaction (the ‘cytokine storm’). In this scenario, high levels of interleukins (IL), notably IL-6 and IL-1, create a positive feedback of chemokines and immune responses, and powers pulmonary and systemic tissue damage, leading to capillary leakage and SARS, the main cause of death in patients with COVID-19. On 17 July 2020, there were 1450 entries on ClinicalTrials.gov of ongoing studies on COVID-19. The mechanisms of the main therapeutic approaches were comprehensively reviewed throughout the text. Therapies focus on blocking viral entry (remdesivir, umifenovir, among others) and blocking of immune system for cytokine storm control (IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, glucocorticoids, convalescent plasma, among others).ConclusionsUnderstanding of action mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 enables us to direct efforts on effective therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review helps to interpret the clinical results of the several trials ongoing.
7-Chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline reduces renal oxidative stress induced by oxaliplatin in mice
Authors: da Motta Ketlyn P. , Lemos Briana B. , Paltian Jaini J. , Reis Angélica S. dos , Blödorn Gustavo B. , Alves Diego , Luchese Cristiane , Wilhelm Ethel A. 
Published: May 2021

The object of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oxidative damage induced by oxaliplatin (OXA) and the therapeutic potential of 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ) in kidney of mice. Mice received OXA (10 mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally (days 0 and 2). Oral administration of 4-PSQ (1 mg/kg) or vehicle was performed on days 2 to 14. On day 15 the animals were euthanized and the kidneys and blood were collected. The effect of OXA and (or) 4-PSQ on urea, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, nonprotein thiol (NPSH), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were investigated. Moreover, renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), and Na+,K+ ATPase activities were evaluated. Our findings revealed an increase on urea levels and significant renal oxidative damage in OXA-induced mice. OXA exposure increased SOD, GPx, and GST activities and caused a reduction on NPSH levels and CAT and GR activities. Na+,K+ ATPase and δ-ALA-D activities were reduced by OXA. 4-PSQ decreased plasmatic urea levels and renal oxidative damage. SOD, GPx, CAT, GR, and Na+,K+ ATPase activities were restored by 4-PSQ. 4-PSQ may be a good prototype for the treatment of OXA-induced renal injury.
An introduction to forensic soil science and forensic geology: a synthesis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Robert W. , Donnelly Laurance J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using forensic soil science and forensic geology as trace evidence and searches for burials is the theme of the papers in this Special Publication. The concept and design of this volume was initially established by the International Union of Geological Sciences, Initiative on Forensic Geology, which successfully brought together forensic geologists, forensic soil scientists, police officers and law enforcement agents in the investigation of crimes. In this introductory paper a brief overview is provided of the developments in interdisciplinary knowledge exchange with use of soil and geological materials (known as ‘earth materials’) in the search for burials and the provision of trace evidence. The aim is to provide background information on the role and value of understanding ‘earth materials’ ranging from the landscape scale, to the crime scene through to microscopic scale investigations to support law enforcement agencies in solving criminal, environmental, serious and organized crime, and terrorism. In this connection, recent advances in field and laboratory methods are highlighted. Finally, the 20 papers in the volume are briefly introduced and these include a diversity of global operational case studies that involve collection and analysis of earth material from crime scenes and searches for homicide graves and other buried targets.
Demethylation of the SFRP4 Promoter Drives Gastric Cancer Progression via the Wnt Pathway
Authors: Li Haojie , Zhao Junjie , Sun Jie , Tian Chenyu , Jiang Quan , Ding Chen , Gan Qiangjun , Shu Ping , Wang Xuefei , Qin Jing , Sun Yihong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Wnt signaling is believed to be an important contributor to tumor development and has been reported to be modulated by secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP). Nevertheless, the role of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) in tumorigenesis remains controversial. We aim to explore its biological function in gastric cancer. Genomes analysis based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset was used to find the differential gene expression between different tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) stages of gastric cancer. IHC was used to determine the relationship between SFRP4 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with gastric cancer. The influence of SFRP4 on tumor progression was evaluated by CCK-8, colony formation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro, as well as xenograft model in vivo. The methylation status of SFRPs was examined in gastric cancer specimens by quantitative methylation analysis. SFRP4 was most upregulated in advanced gastric cancer. High intratumoral SFRP4 expression, which was associated with tumor invasion and metastasis, was also a poor prognostic indicator for patients with gastric cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SFRP4 could promote tumor growth; however, IWR-1 could suppress tumor growth mediated by SFRP4 overexpression. Mechanistic exploration found that SFRP4 was overexpressed by the decrease of promoter methylation and thus could competitively antagonize the inhibitory effect of SFRP1 on Wnt pathway activation and tumor progression in gastric cancer.

Implications:
In gastric cancer, the expression of SFRP4 was upregulated by decreased methylation. High intratumoral SFRP4 expression could activate the Wnt pathway to promote tumor progression and predict poor survival of patients with gastric cancer.
Arrhythmia Risk During the 2016 US Presidential Election: The Cost of Stressful Politics
Authors: Rosman Lindsey , Salmoirago‐Blotcher Elena , Mahmood Rafat , Yang Hannan , Li Quefeng , Mazzella Anthony J. , Lawrence Klein Jeffrey , Bumgarner Joseph , Gehi Anil 
Published: May 2021

Background
Anger and extreme stress can trigger potentially fatal cardiovascular events in susceptible people. Political elections, such as the 2016 US presidential election, are significant stressors. Whether they can trigger cardiac arrhythmias is unknown.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective case‐crossover study, we linked cardiac device data, electronic health records, and historic voter registration records from 2436 patients with implanted cardiac devices. The incidence of arrhythmias during the election was compared with a control period with Poisson regression. We also tested for effect modification by demographics, comorbidities, political affiliation, and whether an individual's political affiliation was concordant with county‐level election results. Overall, 2592 arrhythmic events occurred in 655 patients during the hazard period compared with 1533 events in 472 patients during the control period. There was a significant increase in the incidence of composite outcomes for any arrhythmia (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.77 [95% CI, 1.42–2.21]), supraventricular arrhythmia (IRR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.36–2.43]), and ventricular arrhythmia (IRR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.22–2.10]) during the election relative to the control period. There was also an increase in specific types of arrhythmia, including atrial fibrillation (IRR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.06–2.11]), supraventricular tachycardia (IRR, 3.7 [95% CI, 2.2–6.2]), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (IRR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3–2.2]), and daily atrial fibrillation burden (
P
<0.001). No significant interaction was found for sex, race/ethnicity, device type, age ≥65 years, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, political affiliation, or concordance between individual political affiliation and county‐level election results.

Conclusions
There was a significant increase in cardiac arrhythmias during the 2016 US presidential election. These findings suggest that exposure to stressful sociopolitical events may trigger arrhythmogenesis in susceptible people.
Role of Spiritual Intelligence in Public Policy in the African American Pentecostal Church
Authors: Smith James B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although many U.S. faith-based organizations have become partners with the government, the African American Pentecostal Church (aapc), which holds spirituality as a means of serving humanity as its theological framework, has remained a silent partner in public policy engagement. With the framework of spiritual intelligence, this qualitative case study addresses the perceptions of African American Pentecostal leaders regarding how the church’s theology may have an impact on the public policy engagement of its parishioners. Twelve African American Pentecostal Bishops were interviewed, and data were coded and analyzed to identify themes. Results revealed that participants use their spirituality to connect with public policy issues that relate to their personal experiences. Findings also indicated that the aapc is not an organized denomination, but rather a conglomeration of factions. Lack of an organized epicenter and lack of training and development of its leaders prevent this church from engaging in the public sphere. Although members embrace their responsibility to care for the needs of others, the church lacks a collective response to community issues. Findings may be used to prepare the next generation of aapc leaders to unify the church to offer spiritual solutions to public policy issues.
Sancta Sanctis
Authors: Black Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The concept of holiness has played a significant role in Pentecostal identity. Worship has also been a defining feature of Pentecostalism, and for British Pentecostals, the ultimate locus of worship was historically around the Lord’s Table at the weekly Breaking of Bread service. Here at the Table holiness and worship met in the presence of the Lord, and in that meeting of the two the Gifts of the Spirit flowed, healing was found at the Table, and the Spirit-filled gathered congregation were sent back out into the world, renewed and refreshed as witnesses of the living Lord. While the Breaking of Bread could involve either intense joy or tears of repentance, it constantly bore witness to the seriousness with which Pentecostals took the holiness of God and His sanctification of His people. This article draws on historic British Pentecostal Eucharistic worship in working towards a Pentecostal theological account of holiness.
Comparison of Tympanic Membrane Perforation With and Without Calcification of Anterior Mallear Ligament Under Transcanal Endoscopic Type I Tympanoplasty
Authors: Wu Cong , Chen Xiaoyun , Huang Yideng , Zhang Min , Ye Fan , Wu Xianmin 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) induced tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) can be accompanied by anterior mallear ligament (AML) calcification. So far, comparative evaluations of TMP with and without AML calcification have rarely been reported. The aim of the current study is to compare the hearing outcomes of TMP with and without calcification of AML under transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasty. Methods: Records of 67 patients diagnosed with CSOM and receiving transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasty were divided into the AML calcification group (Cal group, n = 31) and the non-AML calcification group (non-Cal group, n = 36). The 31 patients in the Cal group were divided into subgroup A and B according to the severity of calcification. The operation time, closure rate, and pre- and postoperative audiometric results were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Preoperatively, the Cal group had higher mean air–bone gap (ABG; P = .022), and ABGs at 250 Hz ( P = .017) and 500 Hz ( P = .008) compared with the non-Cal groups. The Cal group showed higher improvements of ABGs at 250 Hz ( P = .039) and 500 Hz ( P = .021) compared with the non-Cal groups postoperatively. Conclusions: The TMP with AML calcification leads to higher ABGs at low frequencies. The hearing outcomes are similar for TMP both with and without AML calcification after surgery. Our results suggest that transcanal endoscopic type I tympanoplasty is an appropriate surgical method for TMP with AML calcification, if the lesion can be detected and completely eliminated.
Delay in seeking medical care after the onset of symptoms in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Wei Yan , Mi Fenghua , Cui Yan , Li Ying , Wu Xinyi , Guo Hui 
Published: May 2021

Objective To investigate the reasons for delays in seeking medical care in patients with diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data for patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) who attended a hospital in China. Various forms of STDR were identified, including severe non-proliferative DR, clinically significant macular edema and proliferative DR. Demographic, clinical and socioeconomic information was collected and the associated risk factors were evaluated. Results Of the 127 patients with STDR, 89.2% sought medical care within 1 month of developing symptoms. Those who sought treatment ≥6 months after symptoms developed had significantly lower income and less knowledge of diabetic complications than those who attended earlier. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that no or infrequent routine examination for diabetic complications were associated with long delays in seeking medical care (odds ratio (OR) 3.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–9.19; and OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.04–8.40, respectively). Conclusions Most patients with STDR sought medical care within 1 month of symptoms developing, but no or infrequent routine examination for diabetic complications was associated with long delays. These results stress the importance of educational programs regarding diabetic complications to encourage timely medical care and prevent poor outcomes.
Psychosocial Profiles of Patients Admitted to Psychiatric Emergency Services: Results from the Signature Biobank Project
Authors: Geoffrion Steve , Nolet Kévin , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Lecomte Tania , Potvin Stéphane , Lupien Sonia , Marin Marie-France 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Patients admitted to psychiatric emergency services (PES) are highly heterogenous. New tools based on a transdiagnosis approach could help attending psychiatrists in their evaluation process and treatment planning. The goals of this study were to: (1) identify profiles of symptoms based on self-reported, dimensional outcomes in psychiatric patients upon their admission to PES, (2) link these profiles to developmental variables, that is, history of childhood abuse (CA) and trajectories of externalizing behaviours (EB), and (3) test whether this link between developmental variables and profiles was moderated by sex. Methods: In total, 402 patients were randomly selected from the Signature Biobank, a database of measures collected from patients admitted to the emergency of a psychiatric hospital. A comparison group of 92 healthy participants was also recruited from the community. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, alcohol and drug abuse, impulsivity, and psychosis as well as CA and EB were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Symptom profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Prediction of profile membership by sex, CA, and EB was tested using structural equation modelling. Results: Among patients, four profiles were identified: (1) low level of symptoms on all outcomes, (2) high psychotic symptoms, (3) high anxio-depressive symptoms, and (4) elevated substance abuse and high levels of symptoms on all scales. An indirect effect of CA was found through EB trajectories: patients who experienced the most severe form of CA were more likely to develop chronic EB from childhood to adulthood, which in turn predicted membership to the most severe psychopathology profile. This indirect effect was not moderated by sex. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a transdiagnostic approach allows to highlight distinct clinical portraits of patients admitted to PES. Importantly, developmental factors were predictive of specific profiles. Such transdiagnostic approach is a first step towards precision medicine, which could lead to develop targeted interventions.
Association Between Intoxication and Urgent Neurosurgical Procedures in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Tillmann Bourke W. , Nathens Avery B. , Scales Damon C. , Haas Barbara 
Published: May 2021

Background: The probability of undergoing surgery after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) varies significantly across studies and centers. However, causes of this variability are poorly understood. We hypothesized that intoxication may impact the probability of receiving an urgent neurosurgical procedure among patients with severe TBI. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a Level I or II trauma center in the United States or Canada with an isolated severe TBI (2012–2016). Data were derived from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program dataset. An urgent neurosurgical procedure was defined as a procedure that occurred within 24 hours of admission. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to examine the independent effect of intoxication on a patient’s likelihood of undergoing an urgent procedure, as well as the timing of the procedure. Results: Of the 33,646 patients with an isolated severe TBI, 11,313 (33.6%) were intoxicated. An urgent neurosurgical procedure was performed in 8,255 (24.5%) cases. Overall, there was no difference in the probability of undergoing an urgent procedure between patients who were and were not intoxicated (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.94–1.06). While intoxication status had no impact on the probability of surgery among patients with the most severe TBI (head AIS 5: OR 1.06 [95% CI 0.98–1.15]), intoxicated patients on the lower spectrum of injury had lower odds of undergoing an urgent procedure (AIS 3: OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.66–0.97]). Among patients who underwent an urgent procedure, intoxication had no impact on timing. Conclusion: Intoxication status was not associated with differences in the probability of undergoing an urgent neurosurgical procedure among all patients with a severe TBI. However, in patients with less severe TBI, intoxication status was associated with decreased likelihood of receiving an urgent intervention. This finding underscores the challenge in the management of intoxicated patients with TBI.
British Association of Sexual Health and HIV national guideline on the management of sexually acquired reactive arthritis 2021
Authors: Carlin Elizabeth , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Flew Sarah 
Published: May 2021

These guidelines update the 2008 UK guideline for the management of sexually acquired reactive arthritis. The guideline is aimed at those over the age of 16 years, presenting to healthcare professionals working in sexual health services. The recommendations are primarily aimed at services offering level 3 care in sexually transmitted infection management within the United Kingdom. However, the principles will apply to those presenting to level 1 and 2 services, and appropriate local referral pathways will need to be developed.