bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marriage for the Sake of Parents? Adult Children's Marriage Formation and Parental Psychological Distress in China
Authors: Chen Dan , Tong Yuying 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveDrawing on the stress process from a life course perspective, this study examines the association between children's overage singlehood and parental psychological distress.BackgroundChildren's unfulfilled roles may have a consequence on parental well‐being. Parents may suffer from stress due to children's overage singlehood indicated by unmarried status beyond socially expected ages in some areas of the world. Parents may see it as their own failure to fulfill their parental role and children's failure to establish a family life.MethodDrawing on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study firstly uses Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting to handle the pretreatment bias, and it is then further advanced by testing the potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between children's marriage formation and parental well‐being.ResultsThe results reveal that sons' overage singlehood is associated with a higher level of parental depression. Moreover, parental satisfaction with intergenerational relationships serves as a mediation factor between a son's overage singlehood and parents' depression. Although economic support for parents shows no significant effect on parental depression, it shows a similar pattern in reducing the effect of son's overage singlehood on parental depression.ConclusionThese findings not only demonstrate the reluctance for cultural change in marriage formation timing and gender‐specific role expectations on children by parents, but also reveal the interplay effects of cultural continuity and the modernization process from an intergenerational perspective.
ODAM promotes junctional epithelium‐related gene expression via activation of WNT1 signaling pathway in an ameloblast‐like cell line ALC
Authors: Song Danyang , Yang Sui , Tan Tao , Wang Ruijie , Ma Zeyun , Wang Yixiang , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the potential and mechanism of odontogenic ameloblast‐associated protein (ODAM) in the promoting junctional epithelium‐related gene expression in an ameloblast‐like cell line ALC.BackgroundODAM is expressed in ameloblasts and JE and acts as a component of the inner basal lamina (IBL) and intercellular matrix of JE. ODAM KO mice showed destruction of the integrity of the JE, which detaches from teeth. ODAM was confirmed to regulate the cytoskeleton through the ODAM‐ARHGEF5‐RhoA signaling pathway of the JE. Whether ODAM contributes to the regulation of ameloblast differentiation in JE remains unclear. After the formation of enamel, the ameloblast undergoes a series of morphological changes. Whether ODAM will affect the biological behavior of ameloblasts making them have the characteristics of JE is unclear.MethodsA murine ameloblast‐like cell line, ALC, was used to investigate the effects of ODAM on the JE‐like changes of ALC cells in an epithelium‐induced environment by generating ODAM overexpression and ODAM knockdown cells through a lentivirus transduction approach. The biomarkers of junctional epithelium CK19, SLPI, and ODAM and the potential regulatory gene WNT1 were investigated by real‐time PCR, western blot, immunocytochemistry, immunostaining, luciferase reporter, and rescue assays.ResultsODAM, CK19, and SLPI were significantly upregulated after epithelial induction. Overexpression of ODAM in ALC cells markedly increased CK19 and SLPI expression, while knockdown of ODAM in ALC cells clearly decreased CK19 and SLPI expression. A reporter luciferase assay showed that ODAM activated the WNT signaling pathway, especially through WNT1. Exogenous overexpression of ODAM upregulated WNT1 expression, while knockdown of ODAM reversed this effect. The WNT1 inhibition assay further confirmed the above results and showed that the WNT1 pathway was positively correlated with biomarkers of junctional epithelium CK19 and SLPI expression. Rescue studies showed that knocking down WNT1 in the ODAM‐overexpressing ALC cells decreased the expression of CK19 and SLPI. Immunocytochemistry showed that ODAM colocalized with CK19, SLPI, and WNT1 in the cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, the research work showed that ODAM promotes junctional epithelium‐related gene expression in ALC via the ODAM‐WNT1 axis, which may provide new insight into the function of ODAM and JE formation.
What makes a nurse today? A debate on the nursing professional identity and its need for change
Authors: van der Cingel Margreet , Brouwer Jasperina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2020, due to the Nightingale year and COVID‐19 crisis, nursing is in the public eye more than ever. Nurses often are being seen as compassionate helpers. The public image of nursing, however, also consists of stereotypes such as nursing being a ‘doing’ profession and care being a ‘female’ characteristic. Next to that, nursing is associated with images from the past, such as ‘the lady with the lamp’. Therefore, in the public eye at least, the nursing identity seems a simple and straightforward enough construct, but nothing less is true. Looking at what a professional identity consists of, historic and social developments influence a group identity as a construct. In addition, individual, professional and contemporary societal moralities, including stereotypes, play its role. Nurses themselves reinforce stereotypes in order to fit into what is expected, even when they believe professional behaviour encompasses other features. They may do so individually as well as in a group context. But nursing actually seems to be better off when viewed upon as a diverse, autonomous profession. Moral values such as compassion motivate nurses to enter the profession. Research shows that if such values are addressed in daily practice, nursing could perhaps be saved from nurses leaving the profession because of feeling unfulfilled. Another aspect concerns the huge nursing body of knowledge. If seen as the ground on which nursing behaviour is standing, it would contribute to a different image of nursing than simplified stereotypes, which do not acknowledge the complex nature of the profession. This paper challenges the idea that the nursing identity is unchangeable and the notion that ‘a nurse will always be a nurse’. By doing so, the paper contributes to a debate on the supposed ‘true’ nature of the nursing identity and opens a discussion on the need for it to change.
A Re‐Examination of Inflation Persistence Dynamics in OECD Countries: A New Approach*
Authors: Zsurkis Gabriel , Nicolau JoÃo , Rodrigues Paulo M. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a simple and easy to implement procedure to test for changes in persistence. The time‐varying parameter that characterizes persistence changes under the alternative hypothesis is approximated by a parsimonious cosine function. The new test is the minimum of a t‐statistic computed from a test regression that considers a set of reasonable values for a frequency term that is used to evaluate the time‐varying properties of persistence. The asymptotic distributions of the new tests are derived and critical values are provided. An in‐depth Monte Carlo analysis shows that the new procedure has important power gains when compared to the local Generalized Least Squares (GLS) de‐trended Dickey–Fuller type tests under various data generating processes with persistence changes. Moreover, an empirical application to OECD countries’ inflation shows that for most series analysed persistence was high in the first half of the sample and subsequently decreased. These results conform with modern macroeconomic theories that point to changes in inflation dynamics in the early 1980s and also with recent empirical evidence against the I(1)−I(0) dichotomy.
Medical clown support is associated with better quality of life of children with food allergy starting oral immunotherapy
Authors: Epstein Rigbi Naama , Schwartz Naama , Goldberg Michael R. , Levy Michael B. , Nachshon Liat , Elizur Arnon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe start of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy is a critical period in the treatment process, with a potential to influence patient quality of life (QOL) and subsequently treatment outcome. The association of medical clowning with QOL at OIT initiation was examined.MethodsChildren aged 4‐12 years supported by a medical clown (MC) during the induction week of OIT for food allergy were studied. Children in the same age range starting OIT without the support of a MC served as controls. Parents of all children completed the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Parent Form (FAQLQ‐PF), and children aged 8‐12 years completed the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Child Form (FAQLQ‐CF). QOL scores of parents and children with and without a MC support were compared.ResultsChildren with (n = 88) and without (n = 212) the support of a MC were comparable in demographics and clinical characteristics. The study group had a significantly lower single highest tolerated dose compared to controls (57 ± 83 vs 162 ± 274 mg protein, respectively, P < .001). Parental perception of the QOL of children was not associated with a MC support (P = .81) but rather with previous reaction severity (P < .01). In contrast, the QOL of children aged 8‐12 years (n = 119) was positively associated primarily with a MC support, total score 3.7 ± 1.1 vs 4.6 ± 1.3 (P < .001).ConclusionsWhile the perception of QOL of parents of children with food allergy at OIT initiation is mainly associated with previous reaction severity, the QOL of the children themselves is primarily positively associated with MC support.
Reliability of isokinetic tests of velocity‐ and contraction intensity‐dependent plantar flexor mechanical properties
Authors: Pinto Matheus D. , Wilson Cody J. , Kay Anthony D. , Blazevich Anthony J. 
Published: January 2021

“Flexibility” tests are traditionally performed voluntarily relaxed by rotating a joint slowly; however, functional activities are performed rapidly with voluntary/reflexive muscle activity. Here, we describe the reliabilities and differences in maximum ankle range of motion (ROMmax) and plantar flexor mechanical properties at several velocities and levels of voluntary force from a new test protocol on a commercially available dynamometer. Fifteen participants had their ankle joint dorsiflexed at 5, 30, and 60° s−1 in two conditions: voluntarily relaxed and while producing 40% and 60% of maximal eccentric torque. Commonly reported variables describing ROMmax and resistance to stretch were subsequently calculated from torque and angle data. Absolute (coefficient of variation (CV%) and typical error) and relative (ICC2,1) reliabilities were determined across two testing days (≥72 h). ROMmax relative reliability was good in voluntarily relaxed tests at 30 and 60° s−1 and moderate at 5° s−1, despite CVs ≤ 10% for all velocities. Tests performed with voluntary muscle activity were only reliable when performed at 5° s−1, and ROMmax reliability was moderate and CV ≤ 8%. For most variables, the rank order of participants differed between the slow‐velocity, relaxed test, and those performed at faster speeds or with voluntary activation, indicating different information. A person's flexibility status during voluntarily relaxed fast or active stretches tended to differ from their status in the traditional voluntarily relaxed, slow‐velocity test. Thus, “flexibility” tests should be completed under conditions of different stretch velocity and levels of muscle force production, and clinicians and researchers should consider the slightly larger between‐day variability from slow‐velocity voluntarily relaxed tests.
Time‐restricted feeding combined with aerobic exercise training can prevent weight gain and improve metabolic disorders in mice fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Vieira Renan Fudoli Lins , Muñoz Vitor Rosetto , Junqueira Rafael Lima , de Oliveira Fellipe , Gaspar Rafael Calais , Nakandakari Susana Castelo Branco Ramos , Costa Suleyma de Oliveira , Torsoni Marcio Alberto , da Silva Adelino S.R. , Cintra Dennys Esper , de Moura Leandro Pereira , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Zaghloul Iman , Mekary Rania A. , Pauli José Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

Key points
Time‐restricted feeding (TRF, in which energy intake is restricted to 8 h/day during the dark phase) alone or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training can prevent weight gain and metabolic disorders in Swiss mice fed a high‐fat diet.
The benefits of TRF combined with AE are associated with improved hepatic metabolism and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation.
TRF combined with AE training increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased expression of lipogenic and gluconeogenic genes in the liver of young male Swiss mice.
TRF combined with AE training attenuated the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway in the liver.
AbstractTime‐restricted feeding (TRF) or physical exercise have been shown to be efficient in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders; however, the additive effects of TRF combined with aerobic exercise (AE) training on liver metabolism have not been widely explored. In this study TRF (8 h in the active phase) and TRF combined with AE (TRF+Exe) were compared in male Swiss mice fed a high‐fat diet, with evaluation of the effects on insulin sensitivity and expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. As in previous reports, we show that TRF alone (eating only between zeitgeber time 16 and 0) was sufficient to reduce weight and adiposity gain, increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease lipogenesis genes in the liver. In addition, we show that mice of the TRF+Exe group showed additional adaptations such as increased oxygen consumption (), carbon dioxide production () and production of ketone bodies (β‐hydroxybutyrate). Also, TRF+Exe attenuated the negative effects of high‐fat diet feeding on the insulin signalling pathway (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, Akt), and led to increased fatty acid oxidation (Ppara, Cpt1a) and decreased gluconeogenic (Fbp1, Pck1, Pgc1a) and lipogenic (Srebp1c, Cd36) gene expression in the liver. These molecular results were accompanied by increased glucose metabolism, lower serum triglycerides and reduced hepatic lipid content in the TRF+Exe group. The data presented in this study show that TRF alone has benefits but TRF+Exe has additive benefits and can mitigate the harmful effects of consuming a high‐fat diet on body adiposity, liver metabolism and glycaemic homeostasis in young male Swiss mice.
Exploring Applicability of Acoustic Heat Transfer Enhancement Across Various Perturbation Elements
Authors: Agarwal Tapish , Stratmann Maximilian , Julius Simon , Cukurel Beni 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The requirements of improved heat transfer performance on turbine surfaces and internal cooling passages drive the research into exploring new methods for efficiency enhancements. The addition of ribbed structures inside the cooling ducts has proven to be most practical, which increases heat transfer from surfaces to fluid flow at the cost of some pressure loss. Many active and passive methods have been proposed for enhancing the heat transfer, where acoustic excitation has been recently shown to be an effective option. Moreover, the existing pressure fluctuations due to rotor–stator interactions can also be utilized as a source of excitation. However, the sensitivity of the phenomenon to various flow and geometric parameters has not been fully characterized. The present study investigates various aspects of convective heat transfer enhancement and turbulent flow modulation caused by acoustic forcing on separating and reattaching flow over isolated rib obstacles. A parametric study is conducted; rib obstacles of various sizes and shapes (including rectangular, squared, triangular, and semi-cylindrical) are installed in a low-speed, fully turbulent wind tunnel, and measurements are taken at different velocities and excitation frequencies. Static pressure and spatially resolved surface temperature measurements are performed to quantify the ramifications of acoustic excitation on the wetted wall. Within the favorable Strouhal number range of 0.1–0.25, an optimum value of 0.16 is observed. It is shown that triangular ribs are more prone to acoustic heat transfer enhancement than rectangular or cylindrical perturbations. A linear correlation between static pressure recovery rate and acoustic heat transfer enhancement is observed, which is invariant to change in size/shape of the rib as well as flow and excitation parameters.
Compact Transient Thermal Model of Microfluidically Cooled Three-Dimensional Stacked Chips With Pin-Fin Enhanced Microgap
Authors: Hu Yuanchen , Hossen Md Obaidul , Wan Zhimin , Bakir Muhannad S. , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) stacked integrated circuit (SIC) chips are one of the most promising technologies to achieve compact, high-performance, and energy-efficient architectures. However, they face a heat dissipation bottleneck due to the increased volumetric heat generation and reduced surface area. Previous work demonstrated that pin-fin enhanced microgap cooling, which provides fluidic cooling between layers could potentially address the heat dissipation challenge. In this paper, a compact multitier pin-fin single-phase liquid cooling model has been established for both steady-state and transient conditions. The model considers heat transfer between layers via pin-fins, as well as the convective heat removal in each tier. Spatially and temporally varying heat flux distribution, or power map, in each tier can be modeled. The cooling fluid can have different pumping power and directions for each tier. The model predictions are compared with detailed simulations using computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT). The compact model is found to run 120–600 times faster than the CFD/HT model, while providing acceptable accuracy. Actual leakage power estimation is performed in this codesign model, which is an important contribution for codesign of 3D-SICs. For the simulated cases, temperatures could decrease 3% when leakage power estimation is adopted. This model could be used as electrical-thermal codesign tool to optimize thermal management and reduce leakage power.
Analysis of Random Mechanical Vibrations in Symmetrical Thin Plates Using Full-Field Vibration Measurements
Authors: Le Bot Alain , Robin Olivier , Rouard Kevin , Berry Alain 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A successful application of statistical energy analysis for analyzing energy exchanges between weakly coupled subsystems theoretically requires a diffuse vibrational field in all subsystems. So as to verify the conditions of establishment of the diffuse field in practice, full-field vibration measurements were conducted with a high-speed camera on a simply supported rectangular plate excited by a wide band random force. The results constitute an experimental investigation of the diffuse field region in the frequency-structural damping domain and a validation of previously obtained numerical results. The domain of the diffuse field is confined to high frequencies and low damping, with limits than can be easily defined. However, it is shown that the vibrational field is not fully spatially homogeneous due to enhancement of response induced by the effect of coherence of rays. Theoretical values of the enhancement factor obtained using an image source analysis are confirmed by measurement results.
Evaluation of the Rotor Temperature Distribution of an Automotive Turbocharger Under Hot Gas Conditions Including Indirect Experimental Validation
Authors: Zeh Christopher , Willers Ole , Hagemann Thomas , Schwarze Hubert , Seume Jörg 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While turbocharging is a key technology for improving the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines, the operating behavior of the turbocharger is highly dependent on the rotor temperature distribution as it directly modifies viscosity and clearances of the fluid film bearings. Since a direct experimental identification of the rotor temperature of an automotive turbocharger is not feasible at an acceptable expense, a combination of numerical analysis and experimental identification is applied to investigate its temperature characteristic and level. On the one hand, a numerical conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model of the automotive turbocharger investigated is developed using a commercial CFD-tool and a bidirectional, thermal coupling of the CFD-model with thermohydrodynamic lubrication simulation codes is implemented. On the other hand, experimental investigations of the numerically modeled turbocharger are conducted on a hot gas turbocharger test rig for selected operating points. Here, rotor speeds range from 64.000 to 168.000 rpm. The turbine inlet temperature is set to 600 °C and the lubricant is supplied at a pressure of 300 kPa with 90 °C to ensure practically relevant boundary conditions. Comparisons of measured and numerically predicted local temperatures of the turbocharger components indicate a good agreement between the analyses. The calorimetrically determined frictional power loss of the bearings as well as the floating ring speed are used as additional validation parameters. Evaluation of heat flow of diabatic simulations indicates a high sensitivity of local temperatures to rotor speed and load. A cooling effect of the fluid film bearings is present. Consequently, results confirm the necessity of the diabatic approach to the heat flow analysis of turbocharger rotors.
Control Design for an Emulator of Mechatronic Powertrain Dynamics: A Case Study
Authors: Jacobs Laurens , Janssens Dennis , Croes Jan , Desmet Wim , Swevers Jan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses a detailed design procedure of a linear torque controller for an in-house developed lab-scale powertrain emulator. This set-up was developed for the validation of new developments in virtual torque sensing, and thus requires decent torque tracking performance in order to simulate real drivetrain dynamics sufficiently accurate. Standard proportional-integral (PI) controllers are not able to effectively compensate for potential flexible modes of the set-up, and an H∞ control approach is proposed. The different design steps then comprise experiment design, identification, feedback controller design using H∞ loop shaping, and inverse-based feedforward controller design. Experimental results demonstrate the obtained torque tracking performance.
Arm Motion Dynamics to Excite a Mobile Energy Harvesting Autowinder
Authors: George Abby , Moline David , Wagner John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A mobile energy harvester device based on the inertial automatic winding mechanism found in watches is explored. Through normal human motion during walking and running, the arm travels a spatial path that can potentially be used for energy harvesting. The conceptual harvester consists of a rotary pendulum coupled to a small generator through a step-up gear train. The generator’s electrical output may be stored and utilized as a power source for portable electronic devices that require a smaller amount of power for operation. In this paper, the equations of motion governing the human arm motion dynamics and harvester pendulum excitation are fully derived. Two cases of human walking and running are considered to analyze the system response. A series of representative simulation studies have been conducted for representative arm motion to determine the potential energy. The energy available for harvesting was greater in the case of the human subject running at 2.06 mJ, while when walking it offered an output of 0.42 mJ for a 5 second time period. The two numerical results serve as a basis for building a mobile energy harvester for future research into a renewable device that can be used by humans to augment battery life for portable electronic devices.