bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband model-based optoacoustic microscopy enables deep-tissue imaging beyond the acoustic diffraction limit
Authors: Li Weiye , Hofmann Urs Alexander Tassilo , Rebling Johannes , Zhou Quanyu , Chen Zhenyue , Özbek Ali , Gong Yuxiang , Razanksy Daniel , Dean-Ben Xose Luis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Optoacoustic microscopy (OAM) retrieves anatomical and functional contrast in vivo at depths not resolvable with optical microscopy. Recent progress on reconstruction algorithms have further advanced its imaging performance to provide high lateral resolution ultimately limited by acoustic diffraction. In this work, we suggest a new broadband model-based OAM (MB-OAM) framework efficiently exploiting scanning symmetries for an enhanced performance. By capitalizing on the large detection bandwidth of a spherical polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film while accurately accounting for its spatial impulse response, the new approach significantly outperforms standard OAM implementations in terms of contrast and resolution, as validated by functional in vivo experiments in mice and human volunteers. Furthermore, L1-norm regularization enabled resolving structures separated by less than the theoretical diffraction-limited resolution. This unique label-free angiographic performance demonstrates the general applicability of MB-OAM as a super-resolution deep-tissue imaging method capable of breaking through the limits imposed by acoustic diffraction.
2-Day Versus 7-Day Course of Levofloxacin in Acute COPD Exacerbation
Authors: Messous Selma , Trabelsi Imen , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Sekma Adel , Touati Maha , Boukadida Lotfi , Ali Khaoula Bel Haj , Abdelghani Ahmed , Daya Yosra Ben , Razgallah Rabie , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Beltaief Kaouthar , Mezgar Zied , Methammem Mehdi , Belghith Asma , Bouida Wahid , Boukef Riadh , Boubaker Hamdi , Nouira Semir 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Duration of antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is most commonly based on expert opinion. Typical administration periods range from 5 to 7 days. A 2-day course with levofloxacin was not previously assessed. We performed a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of 2-day versus 7-day treatment with levofloxacin in patients with AECOPD.Methods: Patients with AECOPD were randomized to receive levofloxacin for 2 days and 5 days placebo (n=155) or levofloxacin for 7 days (n=155). The primary outcome measure was cure rate, and secondary outcome included need for additional antibiotics, ICU admission, reexacerbation rates and exacerbation free interval (EFI) within one year follow-up. Results: In ITT analysis, cure rate was 79.3% (n=123) and 74.2% (n=115) respectively in 2-day and 7-day groups. In PP analysis, cure rate was 78% (n=92) and 69% (n=82) respectively in 2-day and 7-day groups. The difference between both groups was not significant. The need for additional antibiotics and ICU admission rates were not significantly different between both groups. One-year reexacerbation rate was 34.8% (n=54) in 2-day group versus 29% (n=45) in 7-day group (p=0.19); the EFI was 121 days (interquartile range, 99-149) versus 110 days (interquartile range, 89-132) in 2-day and 7-day treatment groups respectively (p=0.73). No difference in adverse effects was detected.Conclusion: Levoﬂoxacin once daily for 2 days is not inferior to 7 days with respect to cure rate and hospital readmission in COPD exacerbations. Our finings would improve patient compliance and reduce the incidence of bacterial resistance and adverse effects.
Machine Learning Approaches for Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jingyuan , Chen Xiujuan , Pan Yueshuai , Chen Kai , Zhang Yan , Li Qianqian , Sun Tong , Wang Haoyu , Wei Lili 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To develop and verify an early prediction model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using machine learning algorithm.Methods: The dataset collected from a pregnant cohort study in eastern China, from 2017 to 2019. It was randomly divided into 75% as the training dataset and 25% as the test dataset using the train_test_split function. Based on Python, four classic machine learning algorithm and a New-Stacking algorithm were first trained by the training dataset, and then verified by the test dataset. The four models were Logical Regression (LR), Random Forest (RT), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) were used to analyse the performance of models.Results: Valid information from a total of 2811 pregnant women were obtained. The accuracies of the models ranged from 80.09% to 86.91% (RF), sensitivities ranged from 63.30% to 81.65% (SVM), specificities ranged from 79.38% to 97.53% (RF), and AUCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.82 (New-Stacking).Conclusion: This paper successfully constructed a New-Stacking model theoretically, for its better performance in specificity, accuracy and AUC. But the SVM model got the highest sensitivity, the SVM model was recommends as the prediction model for clinical.
Proper Nacl Alleviates Osmotic Stress in Lycium Ruthenicum
Authors: Hu Jing , Hu Xiaoke , Zhang Huiwen , Yu Qiushi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum is a salt-accumulating xerophytic species with excellent adaptability to adverse environments. Previous studies showed that a certain amount of NaCl resulted in promoting plant growth. To investigate the mechanism of Na+ to plant growth and the effect of drought stress, the growth, photosynthesis, water status and K+, Na+ transport related genes were subjected to different NaCl treatments and osmotic stress in the presence or absence of additional NaCl were assessed. Compared to the control, 50 mM NaCl strongly boosted the fresh weight, dry weight and relative growth rate of L. ruthenicum, and significantly increased the concentration of Na+, the K+ concentration in roots and stems remained stable, while which in leaves increased significantly. Furthermore, the addition of 50 mM NaCl sharply up-regulated the expression of LrSOS1 in roots, LrNHX and LrVP1 in leaves, LrHKT1 down-regulated in roots, it’s the reason why a high quantity of Na+ was accumulated in leaves under 50 mM NaCl. LrAKT1 up-regulated in roots, LrSKOR decreased first and then increased in roots, whereas LrSKOR in leaves remained stable and slightly up-regulated, thereby absorb a large amount of K+ by LrAKT1 and transport it to the leaf through LrSKOR. Moreover, external NaCl apparently alleviated the inhibition of osmotic stress in plant growth. Compared with the drought treatment, the addition of 50 mM NaCl significantly increased the Na+ and K+ content in roots, stems and leaves of L. ruthenicum, resulted in a decrease in proline content and no significant change in soluble sugar content, it is speculated that NaCl treatment could significantly improve the Na+, K+ concentration, thus enhance the osmotic regulation ability of plants, and then improve the photosynthesis and water status of L. ruthenicum.
Characteristics Recognition and Soft Multimedia System for Japanese Machine Translation and Edge-Driven Hardware Implementations
Authors: Song Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the development of economic globalization, international exchanges and cooperation are increasingly frequent and in-depth. In this process, there is a serious obstacle, that is, language differences. Therefore, the development of high quality and practical machine translation system is of great significance. Japan has a close relationship with China, so it is necessary to acquire and process Japanese information. Japanese translation is the basis of Japanese information processing, which plays an important role in cross language information retrieval, machine translation, information extraction and other practical applications. In recent years, machine translation has made remarkable progress, but there is still much room for improvement in the quality of translation. Multimedia assisted instruction is an important application of computer technology in teaching field. In recent years, the wide application of multimedia courseware in all kinds of teaching has received good teaching results. With the development and deepening of Japanese teaching reform, contextualized teaching has been paid more and more attention. In this context, Japanese intensive teaching is also increasingly showing the trend of network, multimedia assisted. Therefore, this paper realizes the feature recognition and hardware structure of Japanese machine translation.
Frequency and Clinical Impact of WT1 Mutations in the Context of CEBPA-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Ting , Hua Haiying , Wang Zhen , Wang Biao , Cao Liujun , Qin Wei , Wu Pin , Chao Hongying , Lu XuZhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Several studies have confirmed that mutations in the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene occur in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few data are available regarding the incidence of WT1 mutations in CEBPAmut AML and their impact. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the frequency and clinical impact of WT1 mutations in 220 newly diagnosed AML patients with CEBPA mutations. Chromosome karyotype analysis was performed by R or G banding method and further confirmed either by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or by multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiple RT-PCR). Mutations were detected with a panel of 112 mutational genes using next-generation sequencing (NGS). FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and CEBPA mutation were detected by PCR Sanger sequencing.Results: Overall, 30 WT1 mutations were detected in 29 of the 220 patients (13.18%) screened. These mutations clustered overwhelmingly in exon 7 (16 mutations in 15 patients), but they were also detected in exon 8 (n=6) and exon 9 (n=8). WT1-mutated (WT1mut) patients presented with lower platelet counts (P=0.0481), higher WT1 expression (P=0.0371), and a negative trend with the M5 subtype (P=0.07) compared to WT wild-type (WTwt) patients. WT1 mutations were found to be significantly more frequent in AML patients with double-mutated CEBPA (CEBPAdm) than in AML patients with single-mutated CEBPA (P=0.043). Of note, the concomitant mutations in epigenetic regulators were inversely correlated with WT1 mutations (P=0.003). Patients with newly diagnosed WT1mut AML had inferior relapse-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival compared with patients with WT1wt AML (P=0.002, 0.004, and 0.010, respectively). Conclusion: Our data showed that WT1 mutations are frequently identified in CEBPAmut AML, especially in CEBPAdm AML. Patients with WT1 mutations show distinct clinical features, a spectrum of comutations, and poor prognosis compared to WT1 wild-type patients.
Loss of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Impaired the Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: HUANG ZIJING , Feng Jingyi , Feng Xin , Chan Laiting , Lu Jiarui , Lei Lizhen , Huang Zhuwei , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that participates in various biologic processes. Loss of Stat3 causes hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, presenting with skeletal disorders including osteoporosis, recurrent fractures, scoliosis, and craniosynostosis. The objective of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of Stat3 on osteogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors.Methods: Stat3 was conditionally knockout (CKO) in mesenchymal progenitors by crossing the pair-related homeobox gene 1-cre (Prx1-Cre) with Stat3-floxed strain mice. Whole-mount-skeletal staining, histology, and Micro-CT were used to assess the differences between Stat3 CKO and control mice. Further, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the osteogenesis potential of primary isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from both control and Stat3 CKO mice. After osteogenic induction for 14d, alizarin red staining was used to show the calcium deposit, while the western blotting was applied to detect the expression of osteogenic markers.Results: Compared with the control, Stat3 CKO mice were present with shortened limbs, multiple fractures of long bone, and open calvarial fontanels. The abnormal growth plate structure and reduced collagen fiber were found in Stat3 CKO limbs. According to micro-CT analysis, the reduced cortical bone thickness and bone volume were found on Stat3 CKO mice. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited in Stat3 CKO samples. After osteogenic induction for 14d, the significantly diminished calcium deposits were found in Stat3 CKO BMSCs. The decreased expression of osteogenic markers (OPN and COL1A1) was observed in Stat3 CKO BMSCs, compared with the control. Conclusions: Stat3 played a critical role in bone development and osteogenesis. Loss of Stat3 impaired the osteogenesis of mesenchymal progenitors in vivo and in vitro.
Investigation on Cultural Characterization and Parasexual Recombination in Pyricularia Grisea, Causal Agent of Blast of Rice
Authors: BOYAPATI RAVI TEJA NAIDU , Barnwal Manoj Kumar , KUMAR RISHIKESH , KUDADA N. , PRASAD KRISHNA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Blast of rice caused by Pyricularia grisea is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Because of importance of the disease and the fact that pyricularia grisea is considered to be notorious and model species. The variability in cultural characteristics of fifty isolates of P. grisea were taken from different regions of Jharkhand state. Out of fifty isolates of P. grisea, colony color of six isolates were found to be as greyish white color, three isolates were blackish grey, six isolates as white color, three isolates as whitish grey color, five isolates were whitish black and twenty seven isolates were recorded as blackish white in color. The growth pattern of 47 isolates of P. grisea showed circular growth pattern and three isolates have irregular growth pattern but elevation of the mycelium differs from flat to raised. Out of fifty isolates of P. grisea, sector formation was observed in seventeen isolates and no sector formation was observed in rest isolates. The radial growth of fifty isolates of P. grisea were ranged from 76.0 mm to 90.0 mm. Out of fifty isolates, group I included six isolates, group II and III included eleven and thirty three isolates, respectively. Parasexual recombination rarely causes genetic and phenotypic variation through hyphal anastomosis in India. Parasexual recombination is the principle cause in rice blast fungus and cause infection of resistant rice variety (IR-64) in India .
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Central Obesity Among Adults With Normal Bmi in Shaanxi, China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Qiang , Feng Wen-yu , Li Xiang-dong , Li Juan , Shen Yuan , Zeng Ling-xia , Dang Shao-nong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Defined by normal body mass index (BMI) and higher waist-to-height ratio, normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) has been recognised as a risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of NWCO and to examine the relationship between NWCO and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults of Shaanxi Province.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents who were aged 18–80 years and had been living in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province, for over six months in 2018. The multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to enroll the study participants. Six towns (districts) in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province, were randomly selected, and then six villages (communities) were randomly selected from each town (district). All residents in the villages (communities) were face-to-face interviewed. Descriptive data analysis and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of prevalence/frequency were conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect the corresponding factors associated with central obesity. Results: A total of 2312 participants (936 men and 1376 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 58.3%. NWCO was significantly associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Compared with normal weight non-central obesity (NWNO), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were 1.47, (95% CI 1.10–1.98) in men and 1.55(1.14–2.10) in women, and the corresponding ones for dyslipidemia were 2.71 (1.77–4.13) in men and 1.84 (1.29–2.61) in women. Female sex, age over 58 years, and lower education level were also significantly predictors of abdominal obesity. In males, comparison with no cigarette smoking, daily cigarette smoking was less likely to lead to normal weight central obesity. Conclusion: In people with normal BMI, the prevalence of central obesity was 58.3%. Female, age over 58 years, hypertension and dyslipidemia indicate a higher risk. Body mass index alone as a measure of obesity is not enough to assess health risks. Central obesity index should be used together for clinical assessment.
Association of Multiple Tumor Markers With Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Li Sifeng , Zhang Zhenqi , Huang Dandan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: To explore the correlation between multiple tumor markers and gastric cancer.Methods: We selected 268 newly-treated patients with gastric cancer and 209 healthy subjects for correlation research. The detection of multiple tumor markers was based on protein chip, and then the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS.Results: (1)We concluded that gastric cancer was significantly related to gender, age, AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242 (P＜0.001). After CA199 and CA242 were stratified by gender, the OR of the male was 30.400 and 31.242 respectively, while the OR of the female was 3.424. After CA125 was stratified by age, among patients with gastric cancer over 54 years old, The risk of occurrence in the CA125-positive population was 16.673 times that in CA125-negative patient; and among patients less than or equal to 54 years old, CA125-positive was not a risk factor for gastric cancer(P=0.082); (2)AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, CA242 in M1 stage were statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group (P<0.001), but AFP (P=0.045) and CA125 (P=0.752) were not statistically significant compared with M0 stage and control group; (3)The combined detection sensitivity of multiple tumor markers were 41.79%.Conclusions: Our research shows that gastric cancer is associated with age, gender, and the positive of AFP, CEA, CA125, CA199, and CA242. The positive of AFP and CA125 is related to the distant metastasis of gastric cancer; The combined detection of multiple tumor markers can be used for initial screening of gastric cancer to a certain extent.
Analysis of systemic epigenetic alterations in inflammatory bowel disease: defining geographical, genetic, and immune-inflammatory influences on the circulating methylome
Authors: Kalla Rahul , Adams Alex , Nowak Jan , Bergemalm Daniel , Vatn Simen , Ventham Nicholas , Kennedy Nicholas , Ricanek Petr , Lindstrom Jonas , Consortium IBD Character , Söderholm Johan , Pierik Marieke ,   Mauro D&#39;Amato, Gomollon Fernando , Olbjørn Christine , Richmond Rebecca , Relton Caroline , Jahnsen Jorgen , Vatn Morten , Halfvarson Jonas , Satsangi Jack 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Gene-environment interactions play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Using the IBD Character inception cohort (295 controls, 154 CD, 161 UC, 28 IBD-U) we confirm the presence of a highly characteristic DNA methylation profile in peripheral blood implicating 137 differentially methylated positions (DMP) in IBD, including VMP1/MIR21 (p = 9.11×10− 15) and RPS6KA2 (6.43×10− 13); with consistency seen across Scandinavia and UK. Cell of origin analysis preferentially implicated the monocyte lineage. Dysregulated loci demonstrate strong genetic influence, notably VMP1 (p = 1.53×10− 15). Age acceleration is seen in IBD (coefficient 0.94, p < 2.2x10− 16). Several immuno-active genes demonstrated highly significant correlations between methylation and gene expression in IBD, in particular OSM: IBD r -0.32, p 3.64×10− 7 vs. non-IBD r -0.14, p = 0.77). Multi-omic integration of methylome, genome and transcriptome also implicate specific pathways that associate with immune activation, response and regulation at disease inception. At follow up, a signature of 3 DMPs (TAP1, TESPA1, RPTOR) associated with treatment escalation to biological agents or surgery (hazard ratio of 5.19 (CI:2.14–12.56, logrank p = 9.70×10− 4).
Utility of the Korean Modified Early Warning Score (KMEWS) as a Triage Screening Tool in the Emergency Department in Patients with Infection
Authors: Oh Se kwang , Ryu Seung , Jeon So young , Lee Bong Kyu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: In patients with sepsis, early resuscitation and intensive care are associated with a lower mortality rate compared with late resuscitation. We evaluated the utility of the Korean Modified Early Warning Score (KMEWS), which combines the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS), as a triage tool to screen for infection in patients visiting the emergency department (ED).Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data extracted from electronic medical records. Patients aged ≥18 years, with infection, who were admitted to hospital via the ED between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019 were eligible for inclusion. The MEWS, quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) of each patient were calculated. The KTAS score was 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 point, for Levels 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The KMEWS was calculate as the sum of the KTAS score and the MEWS. In addition, the participants were assigned to a septic shock group and a non-septic group for intergroup comparisons.Results: The area under the curve (AUC) values for predicting septic shock were: KMEWS, 0.910 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.902–0.918); MEWS, 0.896 (95% CI, 0.887–0.904); KTAS score, 0.809 (95% CI, 0.798–0.819); and the MEDS, 0.927 (95% CI, 0.919–0.934). The AUC values for predicting mortality were: KMEWS, 0.752 (95% CI, 0.740–0.764); MEWS, 0.717 (95% CI, 0.704–0.729); KTAS score, 0.764 (95% CI, 0.752–0.776); and the MEDS, 0.844 (95% CI, 0.834–0.854). The AUC values for predicting intensive care unit admission were: KMEWS, 0.826 (95% CI, 0.816–0.837); MEWS, 0.782 (95% CI, 0.770–0.793); KTAS score, 0.821 (95% CI, 0.810–0.831); and the MEDS, 0.839 (95% CI, 0.829–0.849).Conclusion: The KMEWS is a useful triage screening tool for determining clinical severity in ED patients with infection.
Cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Chin Huang Hin , Chin Pek Woon , Zaid Masliza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder associated with COVID-19 infection. Here, we present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia with concomitant cold agglutinin syndrome (CAS). On admission, the patient was anemic with reticulocytosis and the direct antiglobulin test showed the presence of anti-complement (C3d) antibodies. Peripheral blood film demonstrated red cell agglutination which was dispersible on blood warming. Chest radiography showed bilateral lower zone ground glass appearance. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples by the RT-PCR method. Additional workup for malignancy, autoimmune disease, and other infections yielded negative results. Systemic corticosteroids and oxygen therapy were administered as she developed hypoxic respiratory failure. In addition, she received packed cell transfusion in view of hemolysis. Following corticosteroid and other supportive therapy, she recovered and was discharged well.