bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature proﬁles due to continuous hot water injection into homogeneous ﬂuid-saturated porous media through a line source
Authors: Medina A. , Higuera F. J. , Pliego M. , Gómez G. 
Published: May 2021

We report a theoretical study to determine the temperature proﬁles due to the continuous andconstant injection of hot water through a line source, into a homogeneous ﬂuid-saturated porous medium which has had initially a constant temperature T∞. In our treatment we have taken in to account the simultaneous injection of constant ﬂuxes of volume ﬂuid, q, and of heat, φ. By using a far-ﬁeld description, we found similarity solutions for the dimensionless temperature depending on the Peclet number, P e, as the single parameter of the problem.
Optical Soliton perturbation with fractional temporal evolution by extended modified auxiliary equation mapping
Authors: Seadawy Aly 
Published: May 2021

In this article we discussed the analytical analysis of perturbed nonlinear fractional Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation with the help of our new introduced technique extended modified auxiliary equation mapping method(EMAEMM). By using this newly proposed technique we have found some new and more general variety of exact traveling wave solutions which are collecting some kind of semi half bright, semi half dark, doubly periodic, dark, combined, periodic, bright, half dark and half bright via three parametric values which is the primary key point of difference of our technique. These results are highly applicable to develop new theories of plasma physics, quantum mechanics, biomedical problems, soliton dynamics, nuclear physics, optical physics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, industrial studies, mathematical physics, and in many other natural and physical sciences. For detailed physical dynamical representation of our results we have shown them with graphs in different dimensions via Mathematica 10.4 to get more understanding to observe the behavior of different new dynamical shapes of solutions.
Vector fields localization on brane worlds
Authors: Guerrero R. , Rodríguez R. Omar , Carreras F. 
Published: May 2021

To confine vector bosons in the four dimensional sector of a domain wall spacetime, we propose a mechanism in which the interaction among vectors is propagated via the self-interaction of the scalar wall. In the process, the vector acquires an asymptotic mass, defined by the bulk cosmological constant, and it ends up coupled to the wall by the tension of the brane. The mechanism is applied on the Randall Sundrum scenario and regular versions of it, and on singular domain walls. In any case, the electrostatic potential between two charged particles is defined by both the vector state attached to the wall and a continuous tower of massive vector states that propagate freely along the scenario's extra dimension.
A study on microstructure and magnetic properties of nanostructured CoxNi1-xMn0.5Fe1.5O4(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1) spinel ferrites
Authors: Hussain A. , Tahir S. Akbar , Ahmad N. , Hashim M. , Ziya A. Bashir , Noreen S. 
Published: May 2021

A low-temperature synthesis of novel nanostructured CoxNi1-xMn0.5Fe1.5O4(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1) ferrites was carried out by sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The obtained nanostructured ferrites were investigated by employing the techniques of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The XRD diffractograms of the prepared ferrites revealed the formation of a spinel phase with face centered cubic (fcc) structure belonging to Fd- m space group. The average lattice parameter ‘a’ of ferrites exhibited a rise versus a rise in Co2+ concentration in accordance with the Vegard’s law. The SEM investigation of NiMn0.5Fe1.5O4 powder revealed an existence of octahedral-shaped morphology of ferrite grains. The TEM investigation of NiMn0.5Fe1.5O4 powder showed nanostructures of ferrite particles with sizes consistent with the crystallite sizes as estimated by Debye-Scherer’s formula. An EDX spectrum of NiMn0.5Fe1.5O4 powder confirmed its elemental composition. The M-H hysteresis loops recorded by VSM at room temperature revealed a dependence of coercivity (Hc), maximum magnetization (Mmax) and retentivity (Mr) on Co2+concentration. Due to the shape dependence of M-H loops on Co2+ concentration in compounds enabled their candidature for applications in memory devices and magnetic sensors.
Separation surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: comparison of a minimally invasive versus open approach
Authors: Echt Murray , Stock Ariel , De la Garza Ramos Rafael , Der Evan , Hamad Mousa , Holland Ryan , Cezayirli Phillip , Nasser Rani , Yanamadala Vijay , Yassari Reza 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of separation surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus open surgery.

METHODS
A retrospective study of patients undergoing MIS or standard open separation surgery for MESCC between 2009 and 2019 was performed. Both groups received circumferential decompression via laminectomy and a transpedicular approach for partial corpectomy to debulk ventral epidural disease, as well as instrumented stabilization. Outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS
There were 17 patients in the MIS group and 24 in the open surgery group. The average age of the MIS group was significantly older than the open surgery group (65.5 vs 56.6 years, p < 0.05). The preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale score of the open group was significantly lower than that of the MIS group, with averages of 63.0% versus 75.9%, respectively (p = 0.02). This was also evidenced by the higher proportion of emergency procedures performed in the open group (9 of 24 patients vs 0 of 17 patients, p = 0.004). The average Spine Instability Neoplastic Score, number of levels fused, and operative parameters, including length of stay, were similar. The average estimated blood loss difference for the open surgery versus the MIS group (783 mL vs 430 mL, p < 0.05) was significant, although the average amount of packed red blood cells transfused was not significantly different (325 mL vs 216 mL, p = 0.39). Time until start of radiation therapy was slightly less in the MIS than the open surgery group (32.8 ± 15.6 days vs 43.1 ± 20.3 days, p = 0.069). Among patients who underwent open surgery with long-term follow-up, 20% were found to have local recurrence compared with 12.5% of patients treated with the MIS technique. No patients in either group developed hardware failure requiring revision surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
MIS for MESCC is a safe and effective approach for decompression and stabilization compared with standard open separation surgery, and it significantly reduced blood loss during surgery. Although there was a trend toward a faster time to starting radiation treatment in the MIS group, both groups received similar postoperative radiotherapy doses, with similar rates of local recurrence and hardware failure. An increased ability to perform MIS in emergency settings as well as larger, prospective studies are needed to determine the potential benefits of MIS over standard open separation surgery.
Carbon fiber–reinforced PEEK instrumentation in the spinal oncology population: a retrospective series demonstrating technique, feasibility, and clinical outcomes
Authors: Neal Matthew T. , Richards Alexandra E. , Curley Kara L. , Patel Naresh P. , Ashman Jonathan B. , Vora Sujay A. , Kalani Maziyar A. 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of carbon fiber–reinforced PEEK (CFRP) composite implants in patients with both primary and secondary osseous spinal tumors.

METHODS
Twenty-eight spinal tumor patients who underwent fixation with CFRP hardware were retrospectively identified in a Spine Tumor Quality Database at a single institution. Demographic, procedural, and follow-up data were retrospectively collected.

RESULTS
The study population included 14 females and 14 males with a mean age of 60 years (range 30–86 years). Five patients had primary bone tumors, and the remaining patients had metastatic tumors. Breast cancer was the most common metastatic tumor. The most common presenting symptom was axial spine pain (25 patients, 89%), and the most common Spine Instability Neoplastic Score was 7 (range 6–14). Two patients in this series had anterior cervical procedures. The remaining patients underwent posterior thoracolumbar fixation. The average fusion length included 4.6 vertebral segments (range 3–8). The mean clinical follow-up time with surgical or oncology teams was 6.5 months (range 1–23 months), and the mean interval for last follow-up imaging (CT or MRI) was 6.5 months (range 1–22 months). Eighteen patients received postoperative radiation at the authors’ institution (16 with photon therapy, 2 with proton therapy). Eleven of the patients (39%) in this series died. At the last clinical follow-up, 26 patients (93%) had stable or improved neurological function compared with their preoperative status. At the last imaging follow-up, local disease control was observed in 25 patients (89%). Two patients required reoperation in the immediate postoperative period, one for surgical site infection and the other for compressive epidural hematoma. One patient was noted to have lucencies around the most cephalad screws 3 months after surgery. No hardware fracture or malfunction occurred intraoperatively. No patients required delayed surgery for hardware loosening, fracture, or other failure. Early tumor recurrence was detected in 3 patients. Early detection was attributed to the imaging characteristics of the CFRP hardware.

CONCLUSIONS
CFRP spinal implants appear to be safe and comparable to conventional titanium implants in terms of functionality. The imaging characteristics of CFRP hardware facilitate radiation planning and assessment of surveillance imaging. CFRP hardware may enhance safety and efficacy, particularly with particle therapy dosimetry. Larger patient populations with longer-term follow-up are needed to confirm the various valuable aspects of CFRP spinal implants.
Falcine chondroma: illustrative case
Authors: Chua Melissa M. J. , Bazarek Stanley F. , Meredith David M. , Hsu Liangge , Saris Stephen C. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDChondromas are benign cartilaginous tumors that are rarely seen in the brain.OBSERVATIONSA 58-year-old woman had undergone routine brain imaging after a motor vehicle accident and was incidentally found to have a right falcine lesion. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging showed a mostly nonenhancing mass with discontinuous rim enhancement. She was taken to the operating room and pathology revealed a chondroma.LESSONSFalcine intracranial chondromas are rare and typically misdiagnosed as meningiomas. Chondromas should be in the differential for patients presenting with nonenhancing falcine lesions.
Bone formation in custom-made cranioplasty: evidence of early and sustained bone development in bioceramic calcium phosphate implants. Patient series
Authors: Sundblom Jimmy , Xheka Fabjola , Casar-Borota Olivera , Ryttlefors Mats 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Implant failure (IF) rates in cranioplasty remain high despite efforts to reduce the incidence. New biomaterials may be part of the solution for this problem. Formation of autologous bone in implants may reduce rates of infection and subsequent failure.

OBSERVATIONS
Four patients with calcium phosphate implants supported by titanium mesh and undergoing surgery for reasons unrelated to IF were included in this series. Samples from the implants were microscopically examined. Pathological studies proved the formation of autologous bone in the calcium phosphate implants.

LESSONS
Bone and blood vessel formation in the implants and diminished foreign body reaction to autologous bone may reduce the rates of IF.
Lumbar facet cyst tuberculosis: a rare cause of cauda equina compression. Illustrative case
Authors: Pedro Karlo M. , Torio John Emmanuel R. , Rivera Jonathan P. , Sih Ibet Marie Y. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDSpinal tuberculosis may present in atypical form to involve only the posterior spinal element with relative sparing of the anterior vertebral body and intervertebral disc. Recognition of this unusual pattern is important to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment.OBSERVATIONSThe authors report a case of a 59-year-old woman with right-sided radiculopathy and motor weakness. Her lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging showed a large heterogeneous cyst arising from the right L4–5 facet joint. Laminectomy with excision of the cyst was performed. During surgery, the cyst contained cheese-like material that, on histopathological examination, revealed focal aggregates of tuberculous granuloma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered remarkably with no interval development of instability or any deformity.LESSONSFacet cyst tuberculosis is rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients coming from endemic regions. Laminectomy with excision of the cyst along with concurrent antitubercular chemotherapy is a safe and durable treatment option in this case.
Person-in-the-barrel syndrome following cervical spine surgery: illustrative case
Authors: Shields Lisa B. E. , Iyer Vasudeva G. , Zhang Yi Ping , Shields Christopher B. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDPerson-in-the-barrel syndrome is characterized by bilateral brachial diplegia, intact cranial nerves, and preserved lower-extremity strength. Most cases are due to bilateral supratentorial brain lesions at the border zone of the anterior and middle cerebral artery vascular territories. This condition has been observed with spinal pathology, primarily involving vascular dissection and thromboembolism.OBSERVATIONSThe authors’ case is the first in the literature to highlight person-in-the-barrel syndrome immediately following cervical spine surgery. Weakness of the deltoids, biceps, infraspinatus, and brachioradialis was observed bilaterally postoperatively. Electromyograph (EMG)-nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies revealed a cervical radiculopathy involving C5 and C6 bilaterally with denervation of the deltoids, biceps, and brachioradialis. Within 8 months of cervical spine surgery, the patient regained improvement of the bilateral brachial diplegia.LESSONSEMG/NCV studies play a valuable role in detecting cervical radiculopathy after cervical spine surgery in patients with bilateral brachial diplegia. The authors postulate that this condition may have occurred following neck hyperextension during cervical cage placement, increasing the foraminal stenosis at C4–5 and C5–6 and worsening the C5 and C6 radiculopathy. Spinal surgeons should be cognizant of person-in-the-barrel syndrome that may ensue following cervical spine surgery and promptly identify and treat this condition to offer the best prognosis for a favorable patient outcome.
Surgical management for IgG4-related ophthalmic disease by a transcranial biopsy combined with extraorbital decompression: illustrative case
Authors: Noda Ryuichi , Inoue Tomohiro , Tsunoda Sho , Akabane Atsuya 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDImmunoglobulin G4–related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) accounts for 22% of Japanese lymphoproliferative orbital disease and occurs in 4%–34% of patients with IgG4-related disease, according to the largest case series published to date. Because the optic nerve mass often appears as a tumor-like lesion, it is important, although difficult, to differentiate IgG4-ROD from other orbital tumors and diseases, and biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Here, the authors describe the surgical management of an IgG4-ROD case.OBSERVATIONSA 63-year-old man presented to the authors’ hospital with proptosis and visual impairment. Ophthalmic examination revealed intraocular hypertension. IgG4-related disease with an ophthalmic lesion was suspected on the basis of a blood test and imaging studies. Transcranial biopsy with extraorbital decompression was performed. The patient’s symptoms, including visual impairment, improved 3 days after operation, and his IgG4-related disease resolved after corticosteroid treatment.LESSONSThe standard treatment for IgG4-related disease is systemic corticosteroid therapy. However, this treatment should not be administered to patients with IgG4-ROD who a high risk of blindness. In this case, the authors completed a diagnostic and symptom-relieving transcranial biopsy without affecting the patient’s aesthetic characteristics. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to report extraorbital decompression via a transcranial approach as a surgical option for IgG4-ROD.
Spontaneous regression of a vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in a pediatric patient: illustrative case
Authors: Kumar Kevin K. , Fornoff Linden E. , Dodd Robert L. , Marks Michael P. , Hong David S. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDVein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) are rare congenital intracranial vascular lesions that represent 30% of all pediatric vascular anomalies. These lesions are associated with severe manifestations, including congestive heart failure, hydrocephalus, and spontaneous hemorrhage. The mainstay of management is medical stabilization followed by endovascular embolization of the lesion. Although VGAM was first reported in 1937, there are few published cases demonstrating spontaneous regression of the lesion.OBSERVATIONSThe authors report the case of a 31-month-old female who presented with an incidentally found VGAM. After initial evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, the patient was lost to follow-up. Upon her return to the clinic at age 12 years, the previously identified VGAM was absent, indicative of involution of the lesion. The patient remained asymptomatic and met appropriate developmental milestones during this interval.LESSONSThis report adds a rare case of the spontaneous resolution of VGAM to the literature. This case may suggest the presence of VGAMs that are asymptomatic, undetected, and regress within the pediatric population. Future studies may benefit from identifying imaging and angiographic findings predictive of spontaneous regression. There may be a role for conservative management in particular cases of asymptomatic and medically stable children with VGAMs.
Vascular occlusion in a previously unaffected territory after treatment with intravenous plasminogen activator: illustrative case
Authors: Sugie Akira , Yamada Makoto , Yokoyama Kunio , Miyake Tomoaki , Ito Yutaka , Tanaka Hidekazu , Nomura Yukiya , Fujita Masutsugu , Nakatani Toshio , Kawanishi Masahiro 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) is effective for the treatment of distal artery occlusion. However, after the use of IV t-PA, vascular occlusion in unaffected territories may occur. Early recurrent ischemic stroke (ERIS) is defined as the occurrence of new neurological symptoms that suggest the involvement of initially unaffected vascular territories after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). The authors reviewed the cases of ERIS that occurred within 24 hours after treatment with IVT.

OBSERVATIONS
A 75-year-old woman with occlusion in the M2 segment of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) was treated with IV t-PA. However, 360 minutes later, the patient presented with occlusion in the M1 distal segment of the contralateral side, the right MCA, which was recanalized by endovascular treatment. Her modified Rankin Scale score was 4; however, aphasia was not observed. She was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital after 3 months.

LESSONS
ERIS is an extremely rare but catastrophic event. The underlying mechanism of ERIS most likely involves the disintegration and subsequent scattering of a preexisting intracardiac thrombus. Hence, caution must be used when managing not only hemorrhagic complications but also ischemic complications after IV t-PA. Endovascular management may be the only effective treatment for this type of large vessel occlusion.
A modern multidisciplinary approach to a large cervicothoracic chordoma using staged en bloc resection with intraoperative image-guided navigation and 3D-printed modeling: illustrative case
Authors: Pertsch Nathan J. , Leary Owen P. , Camara-Quintana Joaquin Q. , Liu David D. , Niu Tianyi , Woo Albert S. , Ng Thomas T. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Fridley Jared S. , Gokaslan Ziya L. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDCervicothoracic junction chordomas are uncommon primary spinal tumors optimally treated with en bloc resection. Although en bloc resection is the gold standard for treatment of mobile spinal chordoma, tumor location, size, and extent of involvement frequently complicate the achievement of negative margins. In particular, chordoma involving the thoracic region can require a challenging anterior access, and en bloc resection can lead to a highly destabilized spine.OBSERVATIONSModern technological advances make en bloc resection more technically feasible than ever before. In this case, the successful en bloc resection of a particularly complex cervicothoracic junction chordoma was facilitated by a multidisciplinary surgical approach that maximized the use of intraoperative computed tomography–guided spinal navigation and patient-specific three-dimensional–printed modeling.LESSONSThe authors review the surgical planning and specific techniques that facilitated the successful en bloc resection of this right-sided chordoma via image-guided parasagittal osteotomy across 2 stages. The integration of emerging visualization technologies into complex spinal column tumor management may help to provide optimal oncological care for patients with challenging primary tumors of the mobile spine.
Primary cranial vault germinoma in a 23-year-old man: illustrative case
Authors: Lauren Christopher , Argie Donny , Malelak Elric B. , Mawardy Reza , Suranta Samuel E. , Junaidy Vito M. , Firmansyah Yohanes 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUNDGerminoma is the most common type of germ cell tumor that develops intracranially. Germinomas usually grow in the midline structures, such as the pineal and suprasellar regions, and are rarely found in other locations. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has reported on growth of this tumor in the cranial vault.OBSERVATIONSThe authors reported an unusual case of primary cranial vault germinoma in a young adult. Macroscopically, the tumor had a solid-soft consistency and grayish color with brownish spots on the surface. The histological examination revealed anaplastic cells with round, hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei; prominent nucleoli; and abundant, clear cytoplasm, arranged in lobules and sheets that were infiltrated by lymphocytes and separated by fibrous connective tissue. These findings were consistent with the histopathological characteristics of germinoma.LESSONSPrimary cranial vault germinoma is a unique tumor because no previous research has reported any growth in that location. It should be considered one of the differential diagnoses of lesions located over the cranial vault. Histopathological examination is still the primary modality for diagnosing these tumors and excluding other differential diagnoses.