bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoenvironmental and health risks associated with toxic metals in goldmine site of Iperindo, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adewoye A. O. , Oloyede D , Adewoye S.O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mineral exploitation enhances the nation’s economic growth and development but poses serious threats to the environment thereby leading to ecological imbalances and public health risks. This study evaluates heavy metal pollution in an abandoned gold mining site of Iperindo, Southwest Nigeria and associated environmental and health risks were investigated. Soil samples collected at the site were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed for metals (As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Fe) using AAS. Only SS15 had a baseline pollution level while all other sampling points had significant heavy metal pollution. Generally, the analysis showed that 33.3% and 66.7% of the sites are included in the unpolluted and moderately polluted classes respectively for As, Cr, Cu, Co, and Ni. For Cd and Zn, 13.3% of the sites were in unpolluted class while it was 40.0% and 66.7% for Pb and Fe respectively. By implication, the highest ecological risk was at SS3 while metal that posed the highest ecological risk was Cd. HQ estimated for all metals via ingestion and dermal pathways for both adults and children were > 1 but < 1 via inhalation pathways in both age groups. However, the values were greater in children than adults. This suggested that oral and dermal exposures to As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni and Fe in the soil of the study area would elicit non-carcinogenic adverse health hazard. This result shows the critical need to carry out remediation of the study site despite the abandonment of mining operations to protect possible health hazards, particularly to children.
X-Ray Imaging Techniques Appraisal: Pathway to Sustainable Health Status
Authors: Achuka J. A. , Usikalu M. R. , Aweda M. A. , Olowoyeye O. A. , Enemuwe C. A. , Babarimisa I. O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is possibility for sustainable healthcare delivery through the implementation of periodic x-ray imaging techniques appraisal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the x-ray imaging techniques in the study area in order to promote sustainable health status of the populace. Data for this study was collected from 12 major healthcare institutions located in Southwest Nigeria using self-structured form. The study centres were designated using S1 to S12. The x-ray imaging techniques in the study area were radiography, computed tomography (CT), mammography and fluoroscopy. Radiography machine was available in all the study centres while 75 % of the centres had CT scanners, 50 % had mammography machines and 25 % had fluoroscopy machines. The x-ray imaging centre with the highest number of equipment is Centre S2 while Centre S6 has the least equipment. The outcome of this study implied that x-ray imaging techniques appraisal would boost procurement of more and newer equipment, enhance improved quality and efficiency of the x-ray equipment. Thereby, accord patients accessibility to all the benefits of the modalities x-ray imaging can provide; and consequently promoting patients health status. Hence, this study recommended the implementation of periodic x-ray imaging techniques appraisal.
Measurements of Physiochemical Parameters and Trace Element Concentration of Rock Samples in Ogun State
Authors: Usikalu Mojisola R. , Akinpelu Akinwumi , Lucky-Fiakpa O. , Nmoma J. , Ichoku E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trace elements occur in tiny quantities but detectatble, in minerals and rocks. They are always less than 1% of the all the minerals. When trace elements’ concentration is low, they become beneficial and aids growth an metabolism but when present at high concentrations begin to pose health risks. This paper aimed at investigating and analyzing the pH, electrical conductivity, and trace element concentrations in the rocks samples collected from twenty local government headquarters of Ogun state, using a pH meter, an atomic absorption spectrometer and an electrical conductivity meter, respectively. The measured pH ranged between 6.63 to7.34, which suggests that the rocks in these areas are neutral. The electrical conductivity estimated varied between 46.3 and 598µScm−1, with Ewekoro having the highest conductivity, which may be due to the accumulation of limestone in this area. It was noticed that all the elements were present in minute quantities except iron (Fe), which was present in high concentration that exceeded the recommended value. It was thenconcluded that the rocks in the study area are neutral and contain a high concentration of iron.
The trend of collapse of buildings in concrete materials in Lagos State, Nigeria (2013-2019)
Authors: Ede Anthony N. , Akpabot Akpabot I. , Oyebisi Solomon O. , Olofinnade Oluwarotimi M. , Okeke Chukwueloka A. , Oyeyemi Kehinde D. , Ugwu Emmanuel I. , Gambo Fiyin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Buildings are essential structures that provide mankind with accommodation in the form of offices, factories, residences, etc. Building Infrastructure aid to increase the Gross domestic product of nations by meeting the present needs as well as helping in the reduction of future deficiencies. Unfortunately, in developing countries like Nigeria, regular occurrence of collapse of buildings in concrete materials have dealt a terrible blow to the nation, leading to losses in the form of death and damage to properties. This study aims to show the trend within the period of 2013 to 2019. This study used statistical methods to assess the fatality rate, types of buildings affected, frequency of occurrences and the causative factors. The result indicates that the year2017 witnessed 14 collapse incidences making it the highest within the study period in Lagos state. Furthermore, 204 persons lost their lives in 2014, making it the highest within the period. The results obtained showed that the risk of collapse and fatality rises as the building height goes up and when unauthorized floors are added to an existing building.
Fire Risk Exposure and Preparedness of Peri-Urban Neighbourhoods in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oloke O.C. , Oluwunmi O.A. , Oyeyemi K.D. , Ayedun C.A. , Peter N.J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study assessed the exposure of urban neighbourhoods to environmental hazards generally and fire risk in particular in Ibadan. Lagelu, a rapidly urbanizing local government area was selected for the study with emphasis on Lagelu West Local Development Council. Relevant literatures were review in this regards while structured questionnaires were administered on adult residents of 320 households in the selected peri-urban communities. Respondents opinion were obtained as regards the susceptibility of their communities to different environmental hazards. Data was also obtained from the respondents on the causes/sources of fire risk in their respective neighbourhoods as well as adequacy of fire safety apparatus in the communities. Data were measured on 5-Point likert scale of strongly agreed (5) to strongly disagree (1). Response were analysed with basic tools of mean score, relative importance and interpreted based on cut-off point (as devised in Morenikeji, 2006). The causes of fire and adequacy of community fire safety apparatus were analysed in percentages and presented in tables and bar charts. The study showed that there is a general consensus that the communities are highly vulnerable to the environmental risks identified in the study. It was also revealed that fire outbreak is principally caused by human activities, negligence as well as faulty electrical equipment and power surge. Respondents generally are of the opinion that fire safety apparatus available in the communities are grossly inadequate thereby compounding the vulnerability predicament of these communities. The study therefore recommends amongst others, upgrade of the community road network, provision of firefighting system within the neigbhourhood and enlightenment of residents on fire safety precautions.
Arsenic in agricultural soils and implications for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Kayode O. T , Aizebeokhai A. P. , Odukoya A. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concentration of arsenic in agricultural soils has become a global challenge. Arsenic sources in soils can be both anthropogenic and natural. Certain fertilizers can introduce arsenic into the agricultural soil. For this study, soil samples from a commercial farm in southwest Nigeria were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). This study indicates that arsenic concentration in the farm land is fairly normal, with some portion of the farm having higher concentration than the WHO recommended standard limits in agricultural soils. Thus, there is need for immediate intervention to reduce the arsenic concentration in the farm site as arsenic is toxic to both human and crops alike. Measures to reduce arsenic in agricultural soils have been highlighted.
Viability of residential properties in Ota, Ogun state Nigeria using modified break-even valuation technique
Authors: Iroham C. O. , Oni S. A. , Okagbue H. I. , Emetere M. E. , Oluwunmi A. O. , Durodola O.D. , Ajibola M. O. , Ogunnowo O. , Udonquak U. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Viability appraisal as a veritable tool to guide investors of proposed projects could either be carried out through any of deterministic or probabilistic approach. Both approaches with varied types of techniques have been criticized but still have their relevance in determining the viability of any given project based on required objectives. A review of earlier works on viability appraisal was carried out including that of the Nigerian experience. Observation and required measurements in the property market of the study area, Atan-Ota at Sokoto Road to be precise that lies and situates between latitude 60 40‘29.5716” and longitude 30 11‘52.9908”. Amongst all viability techniques, the break-even viability appraisal technique was adopted for this study based on cost maximization so as to enable investors take decision on the barest minimum production level. The break-even point technique though modified using the Net Present Value (NPV) was utilized in the study area on three residential property types readily purchased. They are the 2 bedroom flat, 3 bedroom flat and 4 bedroom bungalow. It was revealed that the 3 bedroom flat is most viable as it will require the sales of 13.03 units to break-even while 2 bedroom flats will require the sale of 14.69 units to break even. The 4 bedroom bungalow will however require the sales of 17.17 units to break-even. The study thereby recommends that investors focus more on the 3 bedroom housing units in the study area for easiest attainment of the break-even point.
Assessment of Natural Radionuclide Contents in Water and Sediments from Asa-Dam, Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Orosun M. M. , Usikalu M. R. , Onumejor C. A. , Akinnagbe D. M. , Orosun O. R , Salawu N. B. , Olasunkanmi N.K. , Akinpelu A. , Adagunodo T. A. , Achuka J. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Natural radionuclides content of
238U,

232Th and
40Kfor water and sediment samples collected from Asa-dam Ilonn. Nigeria weremeasured using Nal(TI) detector. The mean activity concentration in the water samples were 6.05, 3.23 and 9.65 Bql−1
for
238U,

232Th and
40Krespectively. The mean activity concentration of
238U,

232Th and
40Kmeasured in the sediment samples were 7.57, 8.19 and 73.48 Bql−1
respectively. Theactivity concentration of
40Kwas higher than that of
238U and
232Thfor the water and sediment samples. All measured activity concentration and estimated radiological parameters were below world permissible limit values. Therefore, there may be no serious immediate radiological health burden on the environment and the people using the dam.
Pollution indices and health risk assessment of heavy metals in floodplain of urban catchment of Asa drainage systems, southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adewoye A.O. , Ajibade T.T. , Adewoye S.O. , Olagunju T.E. , Adagunodo T.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Urbanization and industrialization have significantly caused deterioration of surface waters. Since there is close association between river quality and its associated floodplain, the later could therefore provide a quality index of the former. This study examines heavy metal concentrations in floodplain sediment of urban catchment of Asa River and assessed associated risks. Samples were collected at 10 points but at interval of 5cm in vertical profile to a depth of 15cm. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) analyses were done for Pb, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu and Al. The following computational models were employed for risk analysis; Depth Ratio (DR), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cdeg), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Cancer Risk Index (CRI). Considerable degree of metal contamination was observed with various pollution levels from non-pollution with Ni, through moderate pollution with Pb, to a moderately strong pollution with Zn, Fe, Cu and Al. PLI revealed a baseline pollution level (PL ≈ 1) but contamination factor for each of Zn, Fe and Cu was considerable and may pose ecological threats and by extension, human health. Metal association reveals a positive correlation among all the metals evaluated (p < 0.05) which is suggestive of similar source. HQ via ingestion and dermal routes calculated were > 1 for both children and adult but< 1via inhalation. CRI for lead shows that children arepredisposed to cancer risks than adults. Hence, industrial activities in the urban catchment of Asa River must be monitored for environmental compliance.
Determination of Radon gas in bottled and sachet water in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Oni E.A. , Adagunodo T.A. , Adegbite A.A. , Omeje M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The environmental monitoring of radon contents in some bottled and sachet water were carried out, with the aid of an active radon device (RAD7) made by Durridge, USA. This study is aimed to determine the level of radon in selected bottled and sachets water in major market in Ile-Ife, with a view to establishing the health risks that could arise in consumption of the water. The results obtained in this study show that all the water samples were safe for consumption without any health implication from radiological point of view.
Evaluation of the effect of Physicochemical Parameters on the Biodegradation of spent engine oil using selected Oleophilic Bacteria
Authors: Yusuf Olabisi Omolola , Torimiro Nkem , Afolalu Sunday A. , Abioye Abiodun A. , Emetere Moses E. , Alayande Samson O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pollution emanating from the disposal of the auto-mechanic’s workshop is of significant challenge globally. This study presents an evaluation of physicochemical parameters on Biodegradation of spent engine oil using selected Oleophitic bacteria. The effect of nitrogen sources (Casein, Urea, Ammonium Sulphate and Potassium Nitrate), pH (4-10) and temperature (25°C to 45°C) were varying on the Biodegradation of spent engine oil using isolated hydrocarbon degraders;Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Bacillus sp obtained from auto-mechanic’s workshops. The assessment of the growth of these hydrocarbon degraders was assessed in Minimal Salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 1% Spent engine oil for seven days. The turbidity of the inoculated MSM was assayed using U.V. Spectrophotometer. The study revealed that the most preferred Nitrogen sources that supported the optimum growth of these hydrocarbon degraders were Casein, while the best pH was 8 and 9. The temperature that supported the optimal growth of the isolates varied with each strain which ranges between 35°C and 40°C. The growth of these bacterial isolates revealed that Biodegradation of the used engine oil is proceeding.
Providing a sustainable framework for academic workspace evaluation: a literature review
Authors: Adenipekun M. T. , Ajibola M. O. , Oluwunmi A. O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to articulate the user-centred variables in academic work environment with holistically sustainable Academic Workspace Evaluation (AWE) framework for universities. The paper considers emergent thought on academic workspace with respect to the requirement of users. Based on this point, a broad-review of literature around the variables underpinning academic workspace disposition to users’ conduct is carried out. The study identifies 109 user-centred cognate variables as prerequisite of AWE. These variables fall into three basic units for ease of analysis: the organisation culture, the employees’ work environment, and the academic workspace condition. Each of the three identified units must contribute respectively to meeting the desired condition of workspace in its holistic form. In other words, the success in each unit affects the success of the other two units. Furthermore, the quality of the workspace depends entirely on the corporate interaction and interrelationship of the three units. However, differences in culture, system, process, modes of work operations, purpose and objectives between universities presents difficulties to generating a holistic universal user-centred AWE framework. It is therefore inappropriate to strictly and absolutely adopt a universal framework for academic workspace without the inclusion of local contents for individual university flexibility. The framework is context-based designed to accommodate these local contents within the conventional structure arrangement of respective universities. The proposed AWE framework is capable to generate Universal Minimum Academic Workspace Benchmark Standard (UMAWBS) for use in universities globally.
Engineering Site Investigations using Surface Seismic Refraction Technique
Authors: Adewoyin O. O. , Joshua E.O. , Akinyemi M. L. , Omeje M. , Adagunodo T.A. , Joel E.S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, surface seismic refraction method together with cone penetration test were used to provide 2-dimensional (2D) information of the subsurface geological features. This approach simplified the characterization of the subsurface condition of a relatively large area of land especially when it is required for engineering construction purposes. The results of the seismic refraction method disclosed two geologic layers with seismic velocity ranging between 258 and 3544 m/s. Similarly, the cone penetration test revealed the topsoil to a depth of 6 m as soft and highly compressible formation, which is suspected to be Alluvium. Moreover, at depth between 7 and 10 m into the subsurface, a geomaterial with good geotechnical formation and low compressibility potential was encountered. This geologic formation is suspected to be sandy clay. The results of the two methods were correlated, it was revealed that the depth to the most competent layer in the study area is between 7 and 10 m depth.
The morphology of doubly-clamped graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Brand Christian , Monazam Mohammad R A , Mangler Clemens , Lilach Yigal , Cheshnovsky Ori , Arndt Markus , Kotakoski Jani 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the response of micro/nano-patterned graphene to mechanical forces is instrumental for applications such as advanced graphene origami and kirigami. Here, we analyze free-standing nanoribbons milled into single-layer graphene by focused ion beam processing. Using transmission electron microscopy, we show that the length L of the structures determines their morphology. Nanoribbons with L below 300 nm remain mainly flat, whereas longer ribbons exhibit uni-axial crumpling or spontaneous scrolling, a trend that is well reproduced by molecular dynamics simulations. We measure the strain of the ribbons as well as their crystallinity by recording nanometer-resolved convergent beam electron diffraction maps, and show that the beam tails of the focused ion beam cause significant amorphization of the structures adjacent to the cuts. The expansive or compressive strain in the structures remains below 4%. Our measurements provide experimental constraints for the stability of free-standing graphene structures with respect to their geometry, providing guidelines for future applications of patterned graphene.
Natural cuticle-inspired chitin/silk fibroin/cellulose nanocrystal biocomposite films: fabrication and characterization
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Zhang Yulu , Ye Qian , Wu Jiaxi , Li Qiushi , Su Ganmao , Harper David Paul , Du Guanben , Ye Xiaofei P , Wang Siqun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims at developing a green sustainable bio-inspired composite film by combining the flexible chitin/silk fibroin matrix (CT/SF) and the rigid cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with the multi-layer chiral nematic structure. The effects of CNC concentration on the chemical bonding, optical- and micro-morphology, thermal stability and mechanical properies of chitin/silk fibroin/cellulose nanocrystal (CT/SF/CNC) were comprehensively investigated. The results indicate that a critical concentration for CNC at 2 wt% can display the obvious iridescent color domains of biocomposite films with potential optical functional property. There is a color shift from blue to yellow-red corresponding to the higher concentrations at 3.5 and 5.0 wt%, respectively. The concentration of CNC also affects the transition of conformation of SF from the random to the β-turn as well as the bonding ability between SF and CT. The CT/SF/CNC-3.5 wt% with the excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as the improved thermal stability breaks the conventional conflict between increased strength and compromised ductility. Its tensile strength and elongation at break effectively elevate by 282% and 42%, respectively.
Controllable synthesis of SiC wrapped LDHs to reinforce microwave absorption and exothermic properties of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer modified asphalt
Authors: Li Chao , Zeng Guodong , Zhou Min , Fang Yang , Chen Zongwu , Xu Yishen , Ding Siyin , Yuan Miao , Li Hao , Wu Shaopeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Combination of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has commonly applied in asphalt to improve anti-ultraviolet aging performance, but it can not afford the reparation of cracks caused by aging of asphalt. Also, few researches focused on the structure and performance changes during synthesis of LDHs. Based on self-healing performance of asphalt, the produced cracks can be repaired by microwave heating. Therefore, the controllable synthesis of traditional microwave absorber SiC to wrap LDHs (SwL) at different temperatures was studied in this paper, and the effects of different SBS/SwL combination on the microwave absorption and exothermic properties of modified asphalt were studied. The SwL was firstly synthesized at 200 °C, 350 °C, 500 °C and 650 °C. Then morphology, phase composition, chemical structure of different SwL were evaluated. Finally, based on different combination of SBS and SwL, the effects of SBS/SwL on the microwave absorption in the frequency band from 1 GHz to 18 GHz and exothermic characteristics at 2.45 GHz of the modified asphalt were analyzed. The results show that SwL can be synthesized successfully, and the processing temperature significantly affects the structure of SwL. The SBS/SwL-200 modified asphalt has the best microwave absorption and exothermic properties. When used in self-healing asphalt, it is more advantageous to choose 200 °C as the synthesis temperature of SwL.