bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of an Early Net Ultrafiltration Rate and 28-day Mortality in Patients Receiving Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy: a Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Buyun , Shen Yining , Peng Yudie , Xing Changying , Mao Huijuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: An early net ultrafiltration (NUF) rate may be associated with prognosis in patients receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). In this study, we tested whether high or low early NUF rates in patients treated with CKRT were associated with increased mortality.Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study among all patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database who received CKRT for more than 24 hours within 14 days after intensive care unit admission. We defined the early (initial 48 hours) NUF rate as the amount of fluid removal per hour adjusted by the patients’ weight and took it as a classified variable (low rate: < 1.6, moderate rate: 1.6–3.1 and high rate: > 3.1 mL/kg/h). The association between 28-day mortality and the NUF rate was analyzed by logistic regression and mediation analyses. Results: A total of 911 patients were included in our study. The median NUF rate was 2.71 (interquartile range 1.90–3.86) mL/kg/h and the 28-day mortality was 40.1%. Compared with the moderate NUF rate, the low NUF rate (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.35, p = 0.032) and high NUF rate (adjusted odds ratio 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.01, p = 0.040) were associated with higher 28-day mortality. The putative effect of a low or high NUF rate on 28-day mortality was possibly direct [adjusted average direct effects (ADE) 1.03, p = 0.096 for a low NUF rate; adjusted ADE 0.92, p = 0.064 for a high NUF rate], and also mediated by effects of the NUF rate on fluid balance during the same period [adjusted average causal mediation effects (ACME) 0.96, p = 0.010 for a low NUF rate; adjusted ACME 0.99, p = 0.042 for a high NUF rate]. Moreover, we found an increase trend in the NUF rate corresponding to the lowest mortality when fluid input increased. Conclusion: Compared with NUF rates between 1.6–3.1 mL/kg/h in the first 48 hours of CKRT, NUF rates > 3.1 mL/kg/h and < 1.6 mL/kg/h were associated with higher mortality.
Electromagnetic Transparency of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester and Nanolignin: Morphological and Surface Energy Considerations
Authors: Suzuki Mayu , Kondor Annet , Sakuraba Yuma , Rojas Orlando J. , Ago Mariko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce a simple spray drying method for the scaleup production of spherical organic (lignin) microparticles with controlled size distribution (0.85 to 1.57 mm). We assess the surface energy of the lignin particles by inverse gas chromatography and determine its role in nanocomposites synthesized from unsaturated polyester. Such nanocomposites are shown to be irradiation transparent (millimeter frequency region). The permittivity and tan d of the composite material reached values between 0.01 and 3.1 (28 GHz) with 10 per hundred resin filler content. Vinyl groups were introduced on the surface of the particles to achieve enhanced interfacial adhesion, and resulted in a reduced relative permittivity (2.75). Together with wave interactions, the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites are placed in perspective, opening new opportunities in next generation bio-based devices for 5G high-speed communication.
Different Recurrence and Growth Pattern of Gliomatous Foci after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Harbouring the Herpes Simplex Thymidine Kinase Gene Transplantation in Multifocal Glioblastoma Multiform: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Yazdani Saeed Oraee , Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Golmohammadi Maryam , Rostami Fatemeh , Shokri Gelareh , Hafizi Maryam , Oraee-Yazdani Maryam , Zali Ali-Reza , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) as a malignant brain tumor has poor prognosis despite the current therapies. Suicide gene therapy is one of the most widespread cancer gene therapies which requires mRNA encoding a pro-drug activating enzyme transduced into the vector such as Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) that injects into the tumor tissue and leads to tumor suppression. Case presentation: In this case report, the authors describe a 37-year-old man with two obvious foci of glioblastoma multiform at left frontal and left parietal lobes. After the resection of the foci, the patient received stem cell-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene at frontal focus of tumor besides ganciclovir as prodrug for 14 days after injection. Then he was followed up with regular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The growth and recurrence pattern of foci was assessed. After the injection on Feb 09, 2019, the patient’s follow-up revealed recurrence of parietal focus on Dec 19, 2019; however, frontal focus had a slight and unremarkable enhancement. Until our last radiological follow-up (on Mar 18, 2020) left frontal focus had no prominent recurrence and the size of the left parietal focus increased and extended to the contralateral hemisphere through the corpus callosum. Eventually patient has passed away on July 16, 2020 (PFS=293 days, OS=657 days).Conclusions: It seems that the gliomatous focus that undergone administration of bone marrow MSC containing the HSV-TK gene, had a different pattern of growth and recurrence compared to a non-treated one.
Seroprevalence Canine Survey for Selected Vector-Borne Pathogens of and Its Relationship with Poverty in Metropolitan Pereira, Colombia, 2020
Authors: Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Gutiérrez-Grajales Erwin J. , Martínez-Arboleda J. Paola , Reina-Mora María Angelica , Trejos-Mendoza Adrián E. , Pérez-Vargas Soffia , Valencia-Mejía Lorenzo , Marín-Arboleda Luisa F. , Osorio-Navia Daniela , Chacón-Peña Mariana , González-Colonia Luz Victoria , Cardona-Ospina Jaime A. , Jiménez-Posada Erika Vanessa , Diaz Andrés , Salazar Jean Carlos , Sierra Manuel , Muñoz Fausto , Zambrano Lysien I. , Ramírez-Vallejo Eduardo , Álvarez Juan Camilo , Jaramillo-Delgado Ingrid Lorena , Pecho-Silva Samuel , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Tick-borne diseases (TBD) and dirofilariasis are currently not under surveillance in most Latin American countries, and there is a significant lack of studies describing the current situation in most endemic areas, including Colombia. Seroprevalence studies are crucial for understanding the epidemiology of these vector-borne diseases.Methods: A serosurvey for TBD and dirofilariasis amongst 100 dogs was carried out in the municipality of Pereira, located in the Coffee-Triangle region, Colombia. Samples were tested using a rapid assay test system (SNAP® 4Dx®); based on an enzyme immunoassay technique‚ screening for antibodies to Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (sensitivity 99.1%)‚ Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (98.8%), and Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (96.2%) by using specific antigens, and checking for Dirofilaria immitis antigen based on specific antibodies (99.2%). Bivariate analyses were performed on Stata®14, significant p<0.05. Results: Global seroprevalence to the selected vector-borne pathogens was 74% (95%CI 65-83%). The highest seroprevalence was found for Ehrlichia canis/ewingii (74%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys (16%). Seropositivity for Borrelia spp. and Dirofilaria spp. was 0%. All Anaplasma spp. seropositive dogs showed co-detection of Ehrlichia spp. (16%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among dogs from families of lower socioeconomic status / level (I, 86%), followed by level II (74%), and III (36%) (p=0.001); no seropositive dogs were found in for levels IV and V (higher socioeconomic status). All dogs exhibiting anorexia (12%) were invariably seropositive (100%) (p=0.029). Seroprevalence was higher amongst those showing mucocutaneous paleness (95%) compared to those without paleness (68%) (p=0.013) (OR=9.3; 95%CI 1.18-72.9). There was high variability in seroprevalence through the studied areas, ranging from 0% (La Libertad Park) up to Combia, Cesar Nader, Las Brisas and Saturno localities (100%) (p=0.033). Conclusions: Given the high seroprevalence obtained in an area with documented presence of ticks, there is a potential risk for zoonotic transmission to humans. Further seroprevalence studies in humans are needed to assess the prevalence of infections. Poverty is highly associated with these tick-borne pathogens in Pereira, as shown in the present study.
Supplementation with Human-Origin Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 Could Effectively Improve Muscle Mass and Exercise Performance, and Have an Anti-Fatigue Effect
Authors: Lee Mon-Chien , Hsu Yi-Ju , Ho Hsieh‐Hsun , Kuo Yi‐Wei , Lin Wen-Yang , Tsai Shin-Yu , Chen Wei-Ling , Lin Che-Li , Huang Chi-Chang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Gut microbiota are very important for energy metabolism and regulation, which in turn affect the health and physiological functions of the host. The most direct way to change the gut microbiota is to supplement with probiotics. In this study, we screened Lactobacillus plantarum (PL-02), a probiotic of human-origin, from the intestines of Olympic gold medalists and explored the role of PL-02 in improved exercise endurance performance, reduced fatigue biochemical parameters, and changes in body composition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to 0 CFU/kg (vehicle), 2.05 × 109 CFU/kg (PL-02-1X), 4.10 × 109 CFU/kg (PL-02-2X), and 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg (PL-02-5X) groups and were fed by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks to assess exercise performance, fatigue parameters, and body composition. The results showed that 4 weeks of PL-02 supplementation could significantly increase muscle mass, improve muscle strength and endurance performance, and increase hepatic and muscular glycogen storage. Furthermore, PL-02 could significantly decrease fatigue biochemical parameters, such as lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels, after exercise. We believe that PL-02 can be used as a supplement to improve exercise performance and for its anti-fatigue effect.
Pregnancy Outcomes and Associated Factors for Uterine Rupture: An 8 Years Population-based Retrospective Study
Authors: Wan Sheng , Yang Mengnan , Pei Jindan , Zhao Xiaobo , Zhou Chenchen , Wu Yuelin , Sun Qianqian , Wu Guizhu , Hua Xiaolin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Uterine rupture is an obstetrical emergency with serious undesired complications for laboring mothers resulting in fatal maternal and neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of uterine rupture, its association with previous uterine surgery and vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), and the maternal and perinatal implications. Methods: This is a population-based retrospective study. All pregnant women treated for ruptured uterus in one center between 2013 and 2020 were included. Their information retrieved from the medical records department were retrospectively reviewed.Results: A total of 209,112 deliveries were included and 41 cases of uterine rupture were identified. The incidence of uterine rupture was 1.96/10 000 births. 16 (39.0%) had maternal and fetal complications. There were no maternal deaths secondary to uterine rupture, while perinatal fatality related to uterine rupture was 7.3%. Among all case, 38 (92.7%) were scarred uterus and 3 (7.3%) were unscarred uterus. The most common cause of uterine rupture was previous cesarean section, while cases with a history of laparoscopic myomectomy were more likely to have serious adverse outcome. 24 (59%) of the ruptures occurred in anterior lower uterine segment. Fetal heart rate monitoring changes were the most reliable signs for rupture.Conclusions: Incidence of uterine rupture in the study area was consistent with developed countries. Further improvement in obstetric care and strong collaboration with referring health facilities was needed to ensure maternal and perinatal safety.
Implementation of Evidence-based Guidance for Dementia Palliative Care using Participatory Action Research: Examining Implementation Through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
Authors: Coffey Alice , Hartigan Irene , Timmons Suzanne , Buckley Catherine , Lehane Elaine , O'Loughlin Christina , O'Connell Selena , Cornally Nicola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The importance of providing evidence-based palliative care for people with dementia is increasingly acknowledged. In Ireland, evidence-based guidance has been developed in order to address key features of dementia palliative care, including the management of pain, medications and hydration and nutrition. The aim of this study was to identify and explore the factors affecting the implementation of evidence-based guidance on dementia palliative care.Methods: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation (CFIR) guided a mixed-method pre-post study. One guidance document pertaining to the management of pain, medication or hydration and nutrition was implemented in three long-term care facilities. Participatory Action Research in the form of work-based learning groups was used to implement the guidance, drawing on a situational analysis (pre-implementation). Staff questionnaires and audits were conducted pre and post-implementation while champion interviews were also conducted post-implementation. Results: Features of the guidance (innovation), the inner setting, and the process of implementation were most frequently identified as impacting implementation. Components of the outer setting and individual characteristics featured less commonly. The guidance was perceived as advantageous or complimentary to previous care provided. Within the inner setting, leadership and support from other colleagues facilitated implementation. However, limited availability of other healthcare professionals to assist with carrying out guidance actions presented a barrier in some facilities. The external facilitators of the work-based learning groups (WBLGs) were perceived as experienced and encouraged active participation and reflection on practices. Despite the challenge of releasing staff to attend the WBLGs, a trend toward reduced staff de-motivation among those who did attend was noted post-implementation. Conclusions: A situational analysis informed by the CFIR framework in conjunction with a participatory action research approach helped to advance implementation of the guidance. The progress of implementation depended on the extent to which evidence-based care was previously being implemented at each site. Post-implementation analysis using CFIR, identified challenges to address in future projects such as staff cover on the ward and timing of training to facilitate attendance for staff with different working hours. Facilitators included multidisciplinary engagement with the intervention and champions at each site to support the implementation process.
Epidemiological Traceability Investigation of a New Wave of COVID-19 Outbreaks in Beijing
Authors: Chen Dongwan , ZHEN Guo Xin , Chao HE , Chang LV Jin , Peng GAO , LIU Xiu Feng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate a new wave of COVID-19 outbreaks in Beijing at the end of 2020, and to analyze the infection situation and transmission chain of each generation.Methods: Using a unified questionnaire, through the combination of field investigation and telephone survey, and with the help of trajectory big data technology to track the infected persons and close contacts for clues and case investigation. All nasal/pharyngeal swabs were collected and detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method. The propagation relationship was analyzed by using the schematic diagram of transmission chain.Results: The outbreak involved 21 infected persons (15 confirmed cases and 6 asymptomatic). The first case was only an index case rather than the source of infection. The infected persons were spread through family exposure, workplace exposure, public premises exposure, vehicle exposure, diet exposure and so on. The average incubation period was 4 days, and those who had contact during both the virus incubation period and the symptom period had a higher risk of infection (c2=30.688, P<0.001). Unprotected family exposure, diet exposure, and exposure to small spaces, such as within transport, presented a higher risk of infection (c2=33.461, P<0.001). Conclusion: Against the background of global integration, the COVID-19 situation is still grim, still can not relax. While speeding up the recovery of the economy, "external defense input and internal defense rebound" is still the top priority in China's epidemic prevention and control work.
Examining Phosphorus Use Efficiency Across Different Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Kreutz Gustavo F. , Bhadha Jehangir H. , Sandoya Germán 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Most agricultural soils worldwide present limited availability of phosphorus (P) and crops require supplemental application of P fertilizers. Due to the economic and environmental concerns derived from the use of P fertilizers, identifying and breeding P-efficient lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars is imperative for the reduction of production costs and implementation of more sustainable practices. Phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) remains unexplored in lettuce. In this research, 66 lettuce genotypes of six morphological types were evaluated between standard recommended P rate (202 kg·ha–1 of P2O5) and half-P rate (101 kg·ha–1 of P2O5). Lettuce genotypes were tested in two field experiments conducted during the 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 growing seasons in the organic soils (Histosols) within the Everglades Agricultural Area of South Florida. Head weight, marketability, tissue P concentration, soil total-P concentration, and soil extractable P were measured. Genetic variation was detected for PUE within romaine, crisphead, butterhead, Latin, and loose leaf. Eight genotypes were found to produce similar or higher head weight and good marketability when grown in the half-P rate compared to the standard P rate. No correlations were detected between head weight and tissue P concentration, indicating possible variation in P uptake and utilization on the tested lettuce genotypes. A significant, positive correlation was observed for soil total-P and soil extractable P, indicating that the increase in total P concentration of Histosols resulted in higher availability of P to plants. Lettuce genetic variation for PUE may allow further development of P-efficient cultivars for conventional and alternative production systems. More comprehensive investigations must be conducted to elucidate the genetic mechanisms controlling PUE in lettuce.
Macroautophagy Involved in Testosterone Synthesis in Leydig Cells of Male Dairy Goats (Capra Hircus)
Authors: Chen Hong , Chen Kexin , Zhao Fange , Guo Yihan , Liang Yue , Wang Zhengrong , Liu Tengfei , Chen Shulin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Testosterone is an important steroid hormone that is indispensable for male sexual development and the reproductive system. Leydig cells (LCs), where autophagy extremely active, reside in the testicular interstitium and are the major sites of testosterone production. However, the ultrastructural characteristics and the functional role of autophagy in LCs of livestock remain unknown. This study was to investigate the role of autophagy in LCs testosterone synthesis of dairy goats at juvenile, pubertal, and adult stages.
Results
In the present study, morphological results showed that the steroidogenic activity and ultrastructure of the LCs were altered with increasing age. Serum luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels were significantly elevated with sexual maturation. Organelles involved in testosterone synthesis, e.g., smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lipid droplets, were abundantly distributed within the cytoplasm of LCs in adult testes. However, further studies demonstrated that selective autophagy (including lipophagy and mitophagy) did not participate in the synthesis of testosterone in LCs. In contrast, the autophagy activity was enhanced in the testes at puberty and adulthood compared to that at the juvenile stage. Moreover, a number of different autophagosomes, including phagophores and autolysosomes, were observed within the cytoplasm of LCs.
Conclusions
Together, our results reveal that macroautophagy is involved in testosterone synthesis mainly through degrading mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the LCs of dairy goats.
Season of Birth and Vulnerability to the Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease: an in Vivo Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Minami Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study used positron emission tomography to examine whether the seasonal birth effect as an exogenic indicator of early life environmental factors influenced vulnerability to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in the elderly. We analyzed datasets from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, which included the data for 234 cognitively normal individuals and patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 115) and AD dementia (n = 38). As an index of amyloid β (Aβ)/tau accumulation, the AV-45/AV-1451-standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were compared between groups of spring-to-summer births and fall-to-winter births by analysis of covariance. Seasonal birth difference was a good predictor of AV-1451 SUVR. We found that participants with a fall-to-winter birth showed lower AV-1451 SUVRs than those with a spring-to-summer birth, after accounting for the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS) score and other factors that could possibly affect tau accumulation. Our findings showed a vulnerability to tau pathology in participants with a fall-to-winter birth, which may be caused by perinatal or postnatal brain damage due to the risk factors associated with the cold season.