bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of patients receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections during COVID-19-related lockdown
Authors: Sindal Manavi D , Chhabra Kanika , Khanna Vaibhav 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact on vision due to delay in presentation of patients requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, consequent to COVID-19-related travel restrictions.

Methods:
Data were collected retrospectively of patients who received anti-VEGF injections during four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Visual acuities, indication for treatment were noted along with basic demographic characteristics.

Results:
Data were analyzed for 303 eyes of 263 patients. The indication for treatment was age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 60 eyes (19.8%), while 162 eyes (53.5%) had Diabetic Macular Edema, 71 eyes (23.4%) had Retinal Vein Occlusion and 10 eyes (3.3%) had other diagnosis. The visual acuity in the treatment naïve eyes (Group A, n = 168) was significantly worse (P < 0.001) than those who presented for retreatment (Group B, n = 135). In Group B, there was a significant decline in vision for the entire cohort (P = 0.009) and those with AMD (P = 0.036). Those in Group B presented at a mean interval of 19.1 ± 10.6 (range, 4–64) weeks for retreatment.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a delay in patients receiving anti-VEGF injections. The visual acuity is worse in both treatment naïve as well as those requiring retreatment. This could have long-term impact on vision of patients requiring this vision preserving treatment.
Propensity of aerosol and droplet creation during oculoplastic procedures
Authors: Gupta Roshmi , Pandey Khushboo , Thomas Rwituja , Basu Saptarshi , Shetty Bhujang , Shetty Rohit , Roy Abhijit Sinha 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The study uses principles of liquid and gas mechanics to verify and quantify the generation of aerosols in oculoplastic procedures, namely surgery using a scalpel, electrosurgical device, and a mechanized drill.

Methods:
Surgical techniques were performed ex vivo using the electrosurgical device, scalpel, and mechanized drill on the muscle and bone of commercially available chicken. The liquid and gas dynamics were observed using a high-speed high-resolution Photron SA5 camera (0.125 to 8 ms temporal resolution, 0.016 to 0.054 mm/pixel spatial resolution) and stroboscopic lighting (Veritas 120 E LED Constellation). The analysis was performed using in-house algorithms and ImageJ software.

Results:
The use of a mechanized drill at 35000 rpm and a 3 mm fluted burr generated aerosol with particle size 50 to 550 microns with a spread of 1.8 m radius. Surgical smoke was generated by an electrosurgical device in both cutting and coagulation modes. Dispersion of the smoke could be controlled significantly by the use of suction, mean smoke spread ratio being 0.065 without suction and 0.002 with use of suction within 2 cm.

Conclusion:
The quantification of the aerosol generation will help surgeons take practical decisions in their surgical techniques in the pandemic era.
Ophthalmic manifestations in the COVID-19 clinical spectrum
Authors: Kumar K Kiran , Sampritha UC , Prakash Akshata A , Adappa Karishma , Chandraprabha S , Neeraja TG , Guru Prasad N S , Basumatary Jessica , Gangasagara Suresh Babu , Sujatha Rathod B L , Jayanthi Chakravarthy Raghunathan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and various types of ophthalmic manifestation of patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients with SARS-Co-V-2 infection, at a dedicated tertiary COVID-19 hospital in South India from April 1 to July 31, 2020. At the time of their admission to the COVID hospital, demographic data such as name, age, sex was recorded. A thorough history regarding the onset, duration, progression, nature of symptoms and its associated factors, medication history, treatment history were elicited and documented. Ocular examination was performed under torchlight by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Further investigations including imaging were sought for, depending on clinical indications. Serial follow-up examinations of all patients were carried out every 72 hours or when patients complained of any ocular symptoms whichever earlier, until discharge. All relevant data were compiled and statistically analyzed.

Results:
A total of 2742 patients were examined. Of them, 1461 (53.28%) were males and 1281 (46.72%) were females. The mean age (±SD) was 39.46 ± 17.63 years. None of the patients in our study had any ocular symptoms or signs as the presenting complaint at the time of their admission. On subsequent follow-up, only 20 (0.72%) developed ocular manifestations, of which 19 (95%) had features suggestive of Bilateral viral conjunctivitis. However, 1 (5%) patient had orbital cellulitis secondary to pansinusitis.

Conclusion:
Ophthalmic manifestations in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 infection are uncommon and unlikely to be the presenting clinical impression. However, it has broadened our view to a wider spectrum of COVID-19 presentations enhancing our clinical acumen for staunch detection of COVID-19 suspects in our daily practice, augmenting early diagnosis and management and also break the chain of transmission for the greater good of humanity.
Proteomics-based approach for differentiation of age-related macular degeneration sub-types
Authors: Sivagurunathan Sivapriya , Selvan Lakshmi Dhevi N , Khan Aafaque Ahmad , Parameswaran Sowmya , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Gogoi Krishna , Gowda Harsha , Keshava Prasad T. S. , Pandey Akhilesh , Kumar S Ashok , Rishi Pukhraj , Rishi Ekta , Ratra Dhanashree , Bhende Muna , Janakiraman Narayanan , Biswas Jyotirmay , Krishnakumar Subramanian 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible central vision loss in the elderly population. The current study aims to find non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in the urine specimens of the AMD patients.

Methods:
Peripheral blood and urine samples were collected from 23 controls and 61 AMD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat of peripheral blood. Allele specific PCR was used to assay SNPs in complement factor H (CFH), complement component 3 (C3). Comparative proteomic analysis of urine samples from early AMD, choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), geographic atrophy (GA), and healthy controls was performed using isobaric labelling followed by mass spectrometry. Validation was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
Comparative proteomic analysis of urine samples identified 751 proteins, of which 383 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in various groups of AMD patients. Gene ontology classification of differentially expressed proteins revealed the majority of them were involved in catalytic functions and binding activities. Pathway analysis showed cell adhesion molecule pathways (CAMs), Complement and coagulation cascades, to be significantly deregulated in AMD. Upon validation by ELISA, SERPINA-1 (Alpha1 antitrypsin), TIMP-1 (Tissue inhibitor of matrix metaloprotease-1), APOA-1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) were significantly over-expressed in AMD (n = 61) patients compared to controls (n = 23). A logistic model of APOA-1 in combination with CFH and C3 polymorphisms predicted the risk of developing AMD with 82% accuracy.

Conclusion:
This study gives us a preliminary data on non-invasive predictive biomarkers for AMD, which can be further validated in a large cohort and translated for diagnostic use.
Alexithymia and anxiety symptoms in Pakistani adolescents: a study of compounded directions
Authors: Sadia jafer  , Farzana Ashraf  , Amna Arif  , Admin  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: There is an empirical evidence that symptoms of internalizing disorders such as alexithymia and anxiety increase in adolescence and these symptoms varies across gender and age groups. The purpose of this study was to explore these differences in adolescents.
Method: In this cross-sectional study conducted since November 2018 to March 2019, the sample of 185 adolescents selected through random sampling method from different schools. They were assessed on alexithymia and anxiety symptoms by administering Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale respectively. Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was applied to determine the direct and interactive effect of age groups and gender on alexithymia and anxiety symptoms.
Results: The results demonstrate that boys reported significantly (p<0.05) higher level of alexithymia symptoms partially (externally oriented) as compared to their counterparts. Further significant (p<0.05) interactive effect of age group and gender was also seen.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that the presence of clinical symptoms in school going adolescents may hinder in the physical and psychological health of adolescents, which should be managed through suitable interventions.
Keywords: Alexithymia symptoms, Anxiety symptoms, Continuous...
GRIEF PASTORAL DALAM PANDANGAN MAJELIS JEMAAT GMIST MUSAFIR KOTA MANADO
Authors: Brek Yohan , Umbas Toar 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Pastoral Grief referred to in this study is a pastoral service to those who are grieving especially to the congregation of GMIST in the City of Manado. The pastoral duty must be carried out by Church councils in this case the Pastor, Elder and Deacon. Based on observations and interviews with Church councils, it was found that the pastoral care of grief for them only applies when a person dies and that is only a consolation and funeral service. Even though talking about grief does not only apply to people whose closest relatives die. This prompted researchers to conduct further research on Church councils in the GMIST congregation of Musafir Manado City. This study aims to find out how the understanding and practice of special servants about the task of the Pastoral Grief service and what the impact of the service results and the meaning obtained for the development of the Grief Pastoral service for Church councils in the congregation of GMIST Musafir in Manado. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods which will describe in full the purpose of the study so that it is expected to get valid and scientific results about the understanding of special servants regarding Pastoral Grief.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN DAN TINGKAT KEPENTINGAN PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
Authors: Kristy Rellanti Diana , Kusuma Wahyu Andhyka 
Published: February 2021

Untuk mengetahui apakah sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, maka diperlukan proses evaluasi terhadap kinerja dari sistem informasi tersebut. Evaluasi dapat dilakukan dengan dengan berbagai cara sesuai dengan tujuan dari evaluasi tersebut. Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan menggunakan PIECES Framework. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan 6 fokus analisis yaitu performance, information and data, economy, control and security, efficiency, dan service. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan dan tingkat kepentingan sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, mengetahui kelemahan dan kekuatan dan menganalisis komponen apa saja yang perlu ditingkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Data didapatkan dari penyebaran kuesioner terhadap 40 pengguna sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa pengukuran rata-rata tingkat kepuasan berada pada 3,6 yang berarti sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang telah memberikan kepuasan kepada pengguna, sedangkan untuk nilai pengukuran rata-rata tingkat kepentingan 3,4 yang berarti sistem informasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dianggap penting oleh pengguna.
ESTIMASI GERAK SURGE, HEAVE DAN PITCH AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE DENGAN ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER (EnKF)
Authors: Herlambang Teguh , Subchan Subchan , Nurhadi Hendro 
Published: February 2021

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) atau wahan air tanpa awak merupakan salah satu jenis robot bawah air yang relatif flexibel untuk eksplorasi bawah laut dan peralatan sistem pertahanan bawah laut. AUV dapat dikendalikan untuk bergerak dengan enam derajat kebebasan (6-DOF). Pengendalian AUV dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kendali kecepatan dan kendali agar mengikuti lintasan yang diinginkan. Kendali AUV agar mengikuti trajectory yang diinginkan ini biasa disebut dengan sistem navigasi atau Estimasi trajectory. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sistem navigasi untuk gerak menyelam dengan model 3-DOF yaitu gerak surge, heave dan pitch dengan metode Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa metode EnKF dapat digunakan sebagai estimator gerak 3-DOF dengan menghasilkan error 0.011 m/s untuk gerak surge dan 0.009 m/s untuk gerak heave serta 0.004 rad/s untuk gerak pitch, sedangkan error posisi menyelam 0.01 m.
Evaluasi Sifat Fisik Kaplet Asam Mefenamat Generik Berlogo dan Bermerek
Authors: Firmansyah Ferdy 
Published: February 2021

Asam mefenamat sebagai salah satu obat pilihan sebagai analgesik, antiinflamasi, dan antipiretik. Obat ini terdapat dalam bentuk kaplet, kapsul dan suspensi. Masyarakat masih menganggap bahwa obat dengan nama generik bermerek lebih bermutu dari pada obat generik berlogo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisik kaplet asam mefenamat generik berlogo dan bermerek di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dari 2 produk generik berlogo (G1 dan G2) dan 2 produk generik bermerek (M1 dan M2). Hasil evaluasi sifat fisik kaplet asam mefenamat yang didapatkan yaitu uji keragaman bobot dengan persen bobot berada pada rentang 98,017-101,491%; uji keseragaman ukuran yang memiliki ketebalan berada pada rentang 0,440-0,545 cm dan rentang diameter 0,682-0,828 cm; uji kekerasan memiliki rentang 8,8-11,1 kg/cm2; uji kerapuhan dengan rentang 0,024-0,316%; uji ketahanan berada pada rentang 0,008-0,200%; dan uji waktu hancur yang berada pada rentang 3 menit 58 detik sampai 19 menit 55 detik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa evaluasi sifat fisik kaplet asam mefenamat generik berlogo dan generik bermerek telah memenuhi persyaratan sifat fisik yang tertera dalam Farmakope Indonesia Edisi IV dan V.
Sistema de registro electrónico de obra pública y su aporte a la transparencia y rendición de cuentas
Authors: Cruz-Meléndez Christian , Pinacho Rios Araceli 
Published: February 2021

La búsqueda de gobiernos capaces y modernos, ha hecho que las administraciones públicas tengan que utilizar las herramientas y construir capacidades para cumplir su misión. Dentro de estas herramientas se encuentran el Gobierno Electrónico y el Gobierno Abierto, tendencias actuales de la Administración Pública, distintos pero a la vez complementarios, pues la tecnología ha facilitado los procesos de Gobierno Abierto, lo cual requiere instrumentos, y en el presente trabajo se propone la utilización de un registro electrónico llamado Bitácora Electrónica de Seguimiento a la Obra Pública (BESOP), para contribuir a los procesos de transparencia y rendición de cuentas telemática . Para ejemplificar estos aportes, se tomará como referencia el uso de la Bitácora en el sector carretero en el estado de Oaxaca.
La transparencia informativa de los medios de comunicación en campaña electoral
Authors: Galvín Benítez Angy , Pintado Pérez Javier 
Published: February 2021

Los medios de comunicación juegan un papel fundamental a la hora de transmitir a los ciudadanos una información plural sobre las candidaturas electorales. Esta afirmación es mayor en los medios públicos, sometidos a una estricta regulación en campaña electoral, teniendo que dedicar un tiempo y un orden proporcionales a cada candidatura según los votos obtenidos por éstas en las anteriores elecciones equivalentes (los llamados “bloques electorales”). Los periodistas utilizan criterios legales para elaborar la información política, una circunstancia impuesta por la Ley Electoral (LOREG) y la doctrina de la Junta Electoral Central y ampliamente criticada por las asociaciones de periodistas.
Este artículo compara, mediante un análisis de contenido con variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, el ejercicio de transparencia de varias televisiones. Así, ofrece un nuevo concepto de transparencia aplicada a los medios. Se analiza la cobertura de cada televisión y los mensajes que éstas emiten para explicar a los ciudadanos los criterios legales aplicados a la información política. Para ello, se estudian los planes de cobertura de la televisión española, catalana, gallega, balear y canaria en las elecciones generales de 2015 y 2016, así como los Informativos y los debates electorales disponibles en el momento del trabajo de campo. La investigación incluye los debates emitidos por medios privados (pertenecientes a Atresmedia y Mediaset) al estar también regulados por la LOREG. Los resultados indican el cumplimiento de los bloques electorales y el grado de transparencia de las televisiones con sus audiencias.
Thermal annealing of implanted 252Cf fission tracks in monazite
Authors: Jones Sean , Gleadow Andrew , Kohn Barry 
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A series of isochronal heating experiments were performed to constrain
monazite fission track thermal annealing properties. The 252Cf
fission tracks were implanted into monazite crystals from the Devonian
Harcourt granodiorite (Victoria, Australia) on polished surfaces oriented
parallel to (100) pinacoidal faces and perpendicular to the crystallographic
c axis. Tracks were annealed over 1, 10, 100 and 1000 h schedules at
temperatures between 30 and 400 ∘C. Track lengths
were measured on captured digital image stacks and then converted to
calculated mean lengths of equivalent confined fission tracks that
progressively decreased with increasing temperature and time. Annealing is
anisotropic, with tracks on surfaces perpendicular to the crystallographic
c axis consistently annealing faster than those parallel to the (100) face.
To investigate how the mean track lengths decreased as a function of
annealing time and temperature, one parallel and two fanning models were
fitted to the empirical dataset. The temperature limits of the monazite
partial annealing zone (MPAZ) were defined as length reductions to 0.95
(lowest) and 0.5 (highest) for this study. Extrapolation of the laboratory
experiments to geological timescales indicates that for a heating duration
of 107 years, estimated temperature ranges of the MPAZ are −44 to
101 ∘C for the parallel model and −71 to 143 ∘C (both
±6–21 ∘C, 2 standard errors) for the best-fitting linear
fanning model (T0=∞). If a monazite fission track closure
temperature is approximated as the midpoint of the MPAZ, these results, for
tracks with similar mass and energy distributions to those involved in
spontaneous fission of 238U, are consistent with previously estimated
closure temperatures (calculated from substantially higher energy particles)
of < 50 ∘C and perhaps not much higher than ambient surface
temperatures. Based on our findings we estimate that this closure
temperature (Tc) for fission tracks in monazite ranges between
∼ 45 and 25 ∘C over geological timescales of
106–107 years, making this system potentially useful as an
ultra-low-temperature thermochronometer.
Ultrasound-guided supracondylar radial nerve block to manage distal radius fractures in the emergency department
Authors: Isfahani Mehdi Nasr , Javid Maryam 
Published: February 2021

Background: Distal radius fractures, the most prevalent of all fracture types, are often associated with severe pain and discomfort and treated with closed reduction and splinting. This study aimed to compare ultrasound-guided supracondylar radial nerve block with procedural sedation for the treatment of distal radius fractures in the emergency department. Methods: Patients with isolated distal radius fractures and limited displacement who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, an ultrasound-guided nerve block group and a procedural sedation group, which were compared in terms of managing patients with distal radius fractures. The number of patients in each group was 27. Results: The duration of the procedure was significantly shorter in the nerve block group than in the ketamine group (p < 0.001). Physician and patient satisfaction were determined according to the unipolar Likert scale and unlike for patients (p = 0.001), no significant difference was noted between the two groups for the physicians (p = 0.619). Unlike nerve block, emergence reactions (p = 0.038) and vomiting (p = 0.009) occurred in the ketamine intervention. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided supracondylar radial nerve block can be prescribed as an alternative method in minimal or non-displaced distal radius fractures instead of IV sedation due to fewer side effects and a shorter procedural duration.
Does the Fight Against the Pandemic Risk Centralizing Power in Pakistan?
Authors: Thirlby David A. 
Published: February 2021

Does the Fight Against the Pandemic Risk Centralizing Power in Pakistan?
When the pandemic struck Pakistan, there was a high-profile divergence between how the federal government and the provincial government of Sindh responded. This points to a tension between the need for a national approach to tackle the pandemic and the prerogative of the provinces to deal with health issues under its devolved powers. These powers were the result of the 18th amendment, which restored a parliamentary federal democracy. Power has also been decentralized from executive presidents to parliamentary forms of government. However, parliamentary systems centralize power within the executive: a trend which the pandemic has reinforced. The article will explore the various interplays although it is the economic landscape which will prove most challenging. Although the emergence of a national centralized approach to combat the pandemic points to a weakening of the devolution process and therefore the reasoning behind the 18th amendment, the situation is more complex which this article seeks to explore.
Legislative Scrutiny in Times of Emergency
Authors: Doust Kate , Hastings Sam 
Published: February 2021

Legislative Scrutiny in Times of Emergency: A Case Study of Australian Parliaments
Citizens’ trust in Australian governments and parliaments has fallen in recent years, yet trust is critical for governments to do their job effectively and attack challenging issues. The coronavirus pandemic provides an opportunity for governments and parliaments to bridge the gap between citizens’ expectations and parliamentary and government performance and therefore rebuild trust. In doing so, parliaments need to balance their desire for speedy action with proportionate measures and mechanisms for review.This article examines the scrutiny of primary legislation by the parliaments of Western Australia the Commonwealth of Australia during the initial stages of the pandemic, through the application of principles from the House of Lords Select Committee inquiry into fast-track legislation. The data shows that both parliaments had severely abridged time to consider, debate and consult on bills during the initial stages of the emergency. The parliaments took a different approach to address this issue. The Western Australian Parliament supported the inclusion of sunset clauses into most of the bills whereas the Commonwealth Parliament did not. The Commonwealth Parliament’s scrutiny committees considered and commented on the bills post-enactment. The Western Australian Parliament does not have mechanisms for the technical scrutiny of all bills by parliamentary committees. This divergence of approach is noteworthy as the Commonwealth Parliament has information about the impact and technical quality of bills but no power to address the issues identified. The Western Australian Parliament has little information about the impact and technical quality of the Acts but will likely have the opportunity to reconsider the laws if they are sought to be extended.