bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of molecular markers in the verification of fish and seafood authenticity and the detection of adulteration
Authors: Kotsanopoulos Konstantinos V. , Exadactylos Athanasios , Gkafas George A. , Martsikalis Petros V. , Parlapani Foteini F. , Boziaris Ioannis S. , Arvanitoyannis Ioannis S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe verification of authenticity and detection of food mislabeling are elements that have been of high importance for centuries. During the last few decades there has been an increasing consumer demand for the verification of food identity and the implementation of stricter controls around these matters. Fish and seafood are among the most easily adulterated foodstuffs mainly due to the significant alterations of the species' morphological characteristics that occur during the different types of processing, which render the visual identification of the animals impossible. Even simple processes, such as filleting remove very important morphological elements and suffice to prevent the visual identification of species in marketed products. Novel techniques have therefore been developed that allow identification of species, the differentiation between species and also the differentiation of individuals that belong to the same species but grow in different populations and regions. Molecular markers have been used during the last few decades to fulfill this purpose and several improvements have been implemented rendering their use applicable to a commercial scale. The reliability, accuracy, reproducibility, and time‐and cost‐effectiveness of these techniques allowed them to be established as routine methods in the industry and research institutes. This review article aims at presenting the most important molecular markers used for the authentication of fish and seafood. The most important techniques are described, and the results of numerous studies are outlined and discussed, allowing interested parties to easily access and compare information about several techniques and fish/seafood species.
Bean phenolic compound changes during processing: Chemical interactions and identification
Authors: Nicolás‐García Mayra , Perucini‐Avendaño Madeleine , Jiménez‐Martínez Cristian , Perea‐Flores María de Jesús , Gómez‐Patiño Mayra Beatriz , Arrieta‐Báez Daniel , Dávila‐Ortiz Gloria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) represents one of the main crops for human consumption, due to its nutritional and functional qualities. Phenolic compounds have beneficial health effects, and beans are an essential source of these molecules, being found mainly in the seed coat and its color depends on the concentration and type of phenolic compounds present. The bean during storage and processing, such as cooking, germination, extrusion, and fermentation, undergoes physical, chemical, and structural changes that affect the bioavailability of its nutrients; these changes are related to the interactions between phenolic compounds and other components of the food matrix. This review provides information about the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds present in beans and the changes they undergo during processing. It also includes information on the interactions between the phenolic compounds and the components of the bean's cell wall and the analytical methods used to identify the interactions of phenolic compounds with macromolecules.
Dietary low ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve type 2 diabetes mellitus via activating brown adipose tissue in male mice
Authors: Yue Hao , Liu Wei , Zhang Wenlong , Jia Min , Huang Fenghong , Du Fangling , Xu Tongcheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ratio n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been caused widespread discussion. However, the best ratio and mechanism of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are largely unknown. This study investigated the effects of different ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA diets on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and T2DM in mice. Results showed that compared with high ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (50:1) diet, lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (1:1 and 5:1) diets significantly increased BAT mass by 67.55% and 60.49%, decreased the fasting blood glucose (24.87% and 20.64%), total cholesterol (32.9% and 23.84%), triglyceride (33.51% and 29.62%), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (19.23% and 17.38%), and increased glucose tolerance by 21.99% and 15.52%. Further, qRT‐PCR analyses indicated that lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA diets activated BAT, increased the expression of Ucp1, β‐3AR, PPAR‐γ, cAMP, GLU1, HSL, LPL, and PGC‐1α, further improved lipid and glucose metabolism in T2DM mice. In conclusion, this study substantiated that the lower ratio of n‐6/n‐3 PUFA (1:1 and 5:1) improve symptoms associated with T2DM via activating BAT.Practical ApplicationDietary ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is essential for the improvement of chronic diseases. Our current study showed that 1:1 or 5:1 ratio of n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had better efficiency for type 2 diabetes mellitus via activating brown adipose tissue when compared with 1:50. This finding provided useful guidance for the daily diet of patients with diabetes.
Carboxymethylcellulose‐induced changes in rheological properties and microstructure of wheat gluten proteins under different pH conditions
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Tang Yu , Wang Qiming , Lei Lin , Zhao Jichun , Zhang Yuhao , Li Lin , Wang Qiang , Ming Jian 
Published: February 2021

AbsractThe interaction between gluten and hydrocolloid additive, as well as the pH condition during dough formation is very important in making flour products. In this study, the influence of different pH conditions on the interactions between gluten proteins (including glutenin and gliadin) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and on the rheological and microstructure changes of gluten proteins was investigated. The dynamic frequency sweep indicated CMC‐gluten displayed more solid‐like behavior under alkaline conditions than that under acidic conditions. The creep‐recovery experiment suggested acidic conditions were not conducive to maintain the elasticity of CMC‐gluten. Microstructural changes of various glutens with CMC showed that a higher ratio of β‐sheets was observed in the CMC‐gluten and CMC‐glutenin under alkaline conditions. Total free sulfhydryl contents and changes in tryptophan microenvironment showed glutenin played a key role in the G polymerization with the addition of CMC. Lower surface hydrophobicity of CMC‐gluten was displayed under acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that neutral and alkaline conditions were conducive to the network structure formation of CMC‐gluten and CMC‐glutenin.Practical ApplicationThis study investigated the interaction of CMC with gluten, gluten, and gliadin under different pH conditions, providing a basis for expanding dough quality improvement, and extending the in‐depth application of CMC in the food industry.
Handling wine pomace: The importance of drying to preserve phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity for product valorization
Authors: Corte‐Real Joana , Archaimbault Axel , Schleeh Thomas , Cocco Emmanuelle , Herrmann Markus , Guignard Cédric , Hausman Jean‐François , Iken Marcus , Legay Sylvain 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFour different wine grape pomaces (GP) (Vitis vinifera) varieties, Auxerrois, Pinot Blanc, Gamay and Pinot Noir, and obtained from white, rosé or red wine vinification, were considered for possible valorization in food supplement industry. Stabilization of GP by drying is paramount prior to further processing in the valorization chain, as GP might suffer spoilage over time. The objectives of this work were therefore to: evaluate the effect of microbiological spoilage and drying on the polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity of GP; define a drying procedure by comparing kinetics of freeze‐drying (FD) and vacuum oven (VO) (at 60 °C and 40 °C). Microbiological spoilage led to significant losses (P < 0.01) of antioxidant capacity (40% to 87%) and total phenolic content (70% to 90%), while drying had no significant effect. FD and VO at 60 °C drying kinetics exhibited similar drying curves, and a dry weight (DW) plateau was reached by 48 hr. In contrast VO at 40 °C required 170 hr to reach similar DW values, pointing out the importance of temperature when opting for VO technology. Antioxidant capacity of GP extracts did not differ between drying methods. Interestingly, GPs from white and rosé wines (AUX, PB, and GAM) had up to 3.5 times higher content (P < 0.001) of total polyphenols compared to PN, obtained from red wine. These results reinforce the importance of drying of GP as a pretreatment, which otherwise could result in significant product degradation. Additionally, we propose white and rosé GP as more interesting sources for valorization, with higher phenolic content, compared to red wine GP.
Modern, archaeological, and paleontological DNA analysis of a human‐harvested marine gastropod (Strombus pugilis) from Caribbean Panama
Authors: Sullivan Alexis P. , Marciniak Stephanie , O'Dea Aaron , Wake Thomas A. , Perry George H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough protocols exist for the recovery of ancient DNA from land snail and marine bivalve shells, marine conch shells have yet to be studied from a paleogenomic perspective. We first present reference assemblies for both a 623.7 Mbp nuclear genome and a 15.4 kbp mitochondrial genome for Strombus pugilis, the West Indian fighting conch. We next detail a method to extract and sequence DNA from conch shells and apply it to conch from Bocas del Toro, Panama across three time periods: recently‐eaten and discarded (n = 3), Late Holocene (984–1258 before present [BP]) archaeological midden (n = 5), and mid‐Holocene (5711–7187 BP) paleontological fossil coral reef (n = 5). These results are compared to control DNA extracted from live‐caught tissue and fresh shells (n = 5). Using high‐throughput sequencing, we were able to obtain S. pugilis nuclear sequence reads from shells across all age periods: up to 92.5 thousand filtered reads per sample in live‐caught shell material, 4.57 thousand for modern discarded shells, 12.1 thousand reads for archaeological shells, and 114 reads in paleontological shells. We confirmed authenticity of the ancient DNA recovered from the archaeological and paleontological shells based on 5.7× higher average frequency of deamination‐driven misincorporations and 15% shorter average read lengths compared to the modern shells. Reads also mapped to the S. pugilis mitochondrial genome for all but the paleontological shells, with consistent ratios of mitochondrial to nuclear mapped reads across sample types. Our methods can be applied to diverse archaeological sites to facilitate reconstructions of the long‐term impacts of human behaviour on mollusc evolutionary biology.
Established evidence‐based treatment guidelines help mitigate disparities in quality of emergency care
Authors: Trent Stacy A. , George Nigel , Havranek Edward P. , Ginde Adit A. , Haukoos Jason S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines are often cited as a means of ensuring high‐quality care for all patients. Our objective was to assess whether emergency department (ED) adherence to core evidence‐based guidelines differed by patient sex and race/ethnicity and to assess the effect of ED guideline adherence on patient outcomes by sex and race/ethnicity.MethodsWe conducted a preplanned secondary analysis of data from a multicenter retrospective observational study evaluating variation in ED adherence to five core evidence‐based treatment guidelines including aspirin for acute coronary syndrome, door‐to‐balloon time for acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, systemic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke, antibiotic selection for inpatient pneumonia, and early management of severe sepsis/septic shock. This study was performed at six hospitals in Colorado with heterogeneous and diverse practice environments. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to estimate adjusted associations between ED adherence and patient sex and race/ethnicity while controlling for other patient, physician, and environmental factors that could confound this association.ResultsA total of 1,880 patients were included in the study with a median (IQR) age of 62 (51–74) years. Males and non‐Hispanic whites comprised 59% and 71% of the cohort, respectively. While unadjusted differences were identified, our adjusted analyses found no significant association between ED guideline adherence and sex or race/ethnicity. Patients who did not receive guideline adherent care in the ED were significantly more likely to die while in the hospital (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 3.2).ConclusionsLongstanding, nationally reported evidence‐based guidelines can help eliminate sex and race/ethnicity disparities in quality of care. When providers know their care is being monitored and reported, their implicit biases may be less likely to impact care.
Extracorporeal life support in COVID‐19‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome: A EuroELSO international survey
Authors: Mang Sebastian , Kalenka Armin , Broman Lars Mikael , Supady Alexander , Swol Justyna , Danziger Guy , Becker André , Hörsch Sabrina I. , Mertke Thilo , Kaiser Ralf , Bracht Hendrik , Zotzmann Viviane , Seiler Frederik , Bals Robert , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Moerer Onnen , Lorusso Roberto , Bělohlávek Jan , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Lepper Philipp M. ,   for the COVEC‐Study Group
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a means to support patients with acute respiratory failure. Initially, recommendations to treat severe cases of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with ECLS have been restrained. In the meantime, ECLS has been shown to produce similar outcomes in patients with severe COVID‐19 compared to existing data on ARDS mortality. We performed an international email survey to assess how ECLS providers worldwide have previously used ECLS during the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID‐19. A questionnaire with 45 questions (covering, e.g., indication, technical aspects, benefit, and reasons for treatment discontinuation), mostly multiple choice, was distributed by email to ECLS centers. The survey was approved by the European branch of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO); 276 ECMO professionals from 98 centers in 30 different countries on four continents reported that they employed ECMO for very severe COVID‐19 cases, mostly in veno‐venous configuration (87%). The most common reason to establish ECLS was isolated hypoxemic respiratory failure (50%), followed by a combination of hypoxemia and hypercapnia (39%). Only a small fraction of patients required veno‐arterial cannulation due to heart failure (3%). Time on ECLS varied between less than 2 and more than 4 weeks. The main reason to discontinue ECLS treatment prior to patient’s recovery was lack of clinical improvement (53%), followed by major bleeding, mostly intracranially (13%). Only 4% of respondents reported that triage situations, lack of staff or lack of oxygenators, were responsible for discontinuation of ECLS support. Most ECLS physicians (51%, IQR 30%) agreed that patients with COVID‐19‐induced ARDS (CARDS) benefitted from ECLS. Overall mortality of COVID‐19 patients on ECLS was estimated to be about 55%. ECLS has been utilized successfully during the COVID‐19 pandemic to stabilize CARDS patients in hypoxemic or hypercapnic lung failure. Age and multimorbidity limited the use of ECLS. Triage situations were rarely a concern. ECLS providers stated that patients with severe COVID‐19 benefitted from ECLS.
Allogeneic expanded adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease: A case series
Authors: Cabalzar‐Wondberg Daniela , Turina Matthias , Biedermann Luc , Rogler Gerhard , Schreiner Philipp 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimEven with optimal medical and surgical therapy, perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have low closure rates. As a new therapeutic option, administration of local mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has proved to be an innovative option after failure of treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents. The aim of this work is to share our first experience with MSC administration and demonstrate its efficacy, safety and feasibility outside a clinical trial.MethodA total of 11 CD patients with complex perianal fistulas with nonactive or mildly active luminal disease were treated with local injection of 120 million allogeneic adipose‐derived stem cells at a tertiary hospital between February 2019 and June 2020.ResultsThe mean age of the 11 patients was 38.3 years, 72.7% were men and 27.2% were smokers. The mean duration of fistula manifestation was 7.8 years and, except for one patient (therapy with tacrolimus), all other patients had been treated with an antitumour necrosis factor agent without fistula healing in the last 6 months. After a mean follow‐up time of 41.5 weeks, 72.7% (8/11) of patients had complete closure of their fistula and three patients failed MSC treatment. Complete fistula healing could be observed 4–6 weeks postoperatively in half of the patients, while 36.5% (4/11) of patients developed a perianal abscess which had to be drained. One patient experienced cytomegalovirus viraemia 2 weeks after MSC administration and one patient developed a testicular carcinoma 16 weeks after treatment.ConclusionThis case series demonstrates that the efficacy and safety of darvadstrocel in the ADMIRE trial can be replicated outside a clinical trial. This new modality in the treatment of complex perianal fistulas appears to be a promising therapeutic option for a challenging patient population.
Prospective study of sexual function and analysis of risk factors after rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Torrijo Inmaculada , Balciscueta Zutoia , Tabet Janine , Martín M. Carmen , López Manuel , Uribe Natalia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the evolution of sexual function over time after rectal cancer surgery and to identify risk factors that may have an impact on the deterioration of postoperative function.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study of sexual function after rectal cancer surgery using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Predictive factors of worsening were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOne hundred and one patients were included (56 men and 45 women). In men, the average IIEF showed decreased erectile function and intercourse satisfaction at 6 months (respectively 21.58 ± 7.18 to 16.60 ± 7.96, p = 0.002 and 10.87 ± 2.94, to 8.09 ± 4.45, p = 0.002) with recovery at 1 year. As a percentage, erectile dysfunction increased from the preoperative value to 6 months (64.5% vs 87.1%, p = 0.022) and was observed in 72% at 1 year. Patients with moderate to severe dysfunction increased from 22% preoperatively to 58% (p = 0.009) at 6 months and 44% at 1 year (p < 0.0001). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (OR 5.4, 95% CI 0.9–29.6; p = 0.041) and erectile worsening at 6 months (OR 20, 95% CI 1.6–238; p = 0.004) were independent factors for worse function at 6 or 12 months, respectively. No significant worsening of the FSFI was found, although there was an improvement in lubrication and orgasm.ConclusionTemporary deterioration of erectile function in men is common at 6 months after surgery and chemoradiotherapy is the only predictive factor. Furthermore, patients who remain dysfunctional show an increase in the severity of symptoms in relation to the preoperative period.
Die Verwendung von Trichloressigsäure als Depigmentierungstherapie bei Vitiligo universalis
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Fawzy Mohamed M. , Alakad Rania 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungenBei Patienten mit ausgedehnter Vitiligo wurden verschiedene Methoden zur Entfernung der Restpigmentierung im Gesicht angewendet. Es gibt jedoch nach wie vor kein ideales Depigmentierungsmittel. Kürzlich wurde über die Verwendung von Trichloressigsäure (TCA) zur Depigmentierung bei universeller Vitiligo berichtet. Unser Ziel ist die Prüfung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von 100 % TCA zur Depigmentierung bei therapieresistenter Gesichtspigmentierung bei Patienten mit universeller Vitiligo in Ägypten.Patienten und MethodenDie Studie umfasste 50 Patienten mit universeller Vitiligo und Restpigmentierung im Gesicht, die psychische Belastungen verursachte. Trichloressigsäure wurde in einer Konzentration von 100 % fokal auf die pigmentierten Stellen aufgetragen. Die Behandlung wurde alle zwei Wochen bis zur vollständigen Depigmentierung oder in maximal fünf Behandlungssitzungen wiederholt.ErgebnisseBei 80 % der untersuchten Fälle war das Ansprechen auf die TCA‐Behandlung ausgezeichnet (> 90 % Depigmentierung). Bei 12 % lag ein partielles Ansprechen (50–90 % Depigmentierung) vor, und bei 8 % war das Ansprechen unzureichend (< 50 % Depigmentierung). Es traten geringfügige unerwünschte Wirkungen wie Brennen, Erosionen und lokale Infektionen auf.SchlussfolgerungenTrichloressigsäure scheint eine kostengünstige und gut verträgliche Therapieoption zur Behandlung therapieresistenter Restpigmentierungen bei Patienten mit ausgedehnter Vitiligo zu sein. Die Behandlung ist mit kürzeren Ausfallzeiten und minimalen Nebenwirkungen verbunden.
Forschung in der Praxis: Störung des intrazellulären Nukleinsäuremetabolismus fördert die Entwicklung des Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Günther Claudia 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungLupus erythematodes (LE) ist eine Autoimmunkrankheit mit einem breiten Spektrum kutaner Manifestationen. Sie ist charakterisiert durch den Verlust der Toleranz gegenüber nukleären Antigenen und Nukleinsäuren, die Bildung von Autoantikörpern sowie die Hochregulation des Typ‐I‐Interferon‐Signalwegs. Dies kann durch eine Immunreaktion auf nicht restringierte extrazelluläre Selbstantigene induziert werden. Zudem zeigte die molekulare Charakterisierung seltener monogener LE‐Subtypen Einblicke in die Rolle der zellintrinsischen Erkennung endogener Selbst‐Nukleinsäuren bei der Induktion einer Typ‐I‐Interferon‐Reaktion. Dieser Signalweg kann auch LE auslösen und aufrechterhalten. Ein verbessertes Verständnis der angeborenen und adaptiven Immunreaktionen bei LE ist eine Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Therapien, die zielgenauer sind als die aktuell verfügbaren.
Inhalte und Stellenwert der Rehabilitation in der Dermatologie
Authors: Voigt Tilmann Peter , Bause Leonie , Tsianakas Athanasios 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie chronischer Dermatosen mit ihren vielfältigen Einflussfaktoren stellt an die behandelnden Dermatologen hohe Ansprüche. Die neuesten Therapiestandards sollten ebenso wie die individuell unterschiedlichen Lebensumstände der Patienten in die Behandlung einfließen. Zudem gehen chronische Dermatosen oft mit Begleiterkrankungen (Komorbidität) einher, die detektiert und gegebenenfalls ebenfalls individuell behandelt werden müssen. Hierfür bedarf es eines ganzheitlichen Konzeptes, oft im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit. Die dermatologische Rehabilitation ermöglicht hierbei, neben der eigentlichen Erkrankung auch wichtige Aspekte wie Komorbidität, psychische Belastungen, Einschränkungen am Arbeitsplatz zu behandeln und in vollem Umfang mit abzubilden.Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Inhalte der dermatologischen Rehabilitation an Beispielen der chronisch‐entzündlichen Dermatosen, dem chronischen Pruritus und dermatoonkologischen Erkrankungen zu verdeutlichen sowie den Stellenwert in der Versorgung von Patienten mit dermatologischen Erkrankungen darzustellen.