bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Fluid and Diffuse Corneal Edema After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Portellinha Waldir , Kuchenbuk Marcio , Nakano Kozo , Oliveira Marivaldo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a new complication of interface fluid accumulation and corneal edema in an uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure.
METHODS: Uncomplicated bilateral LASIK for myopia using the Hansatome microkeratome was performed. One day postoperatively, the patient noted decreased visual acuity. The topical corticosteroid was changed from dexamethasone to prednisolone acetate 1% every 2 hours. Two weeks later the patient reported worsening visual acuity in both eyes. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy indicated significant fluid build-up in the interface. Intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann applanation tonometry was 15 mmHg in the right eye and 14 mmHg in the left.
RESULTS: After 4 weeks, intraocular pressure by bidigital pressure was increased and high. The corticosteroid was discontinued and antiglaucoma medication lowered the intraocular pressure, which resulted in corneal clearing and disappearence of interface fluid in both eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: Early recognition of this new complication of LASHi is necessary. The falsely low reading of IOP in the setting of interface fluid was the result of easy compressibility of the fluid-filled space and reflects the pressure of the interface fluid. This apparently low IOP reading can be an additional sign of the existence of interface fluid. The corticosteroid should be discontinued and antiglaucoma medication instituted. This should lead to a lowering of intraocular pressure and result in corneal clearing and disappearence of the interface fluid with improvement in visual acuity. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S192-S1951
Management of Corneal Epithelial Defects Following Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Smirennaia Elena , Sheludchenko Viatcheslav , Kourenkova Natalia , Kashnikova OIesja 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the main principles of postoperative management in patients with epithelial defects following LASHC
METHODS: Patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism (N=2972; refraction from -1.25 to -15.50 D) were treated with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser, using the Chiron Vision HT-230 Hansatome microkeratome. We observed 95 cases with intraoperative epithelial damage among 5896 operations (1.6%) . Patients received traditional topical medical treatment (Tobramycin 0.3%, five times a day; Lacrisifi, six to eight times a day). In eyes with an epithelial defect lees then 3 mm, no additional medical care was needed. In eyes with epithelial defects more then 3 mm, soft therapeutic contact lenses were used until total re-epithelialization occurred.
RESULTS: Total re-epithelialization was observed the day following surgery in patients with small defects (less then 3 mm). Visual acuity achieved preoperative level 4 to 7 days after surgery. Total re-epithelialization in patients with soft contact lenses occurred 1 to 3 days after LASHL On the next day examination, Solcoseryl 20% eye gel was added to topical therapy for corneal healing. In these patients visual acuity achieved preoperative level 10 to 14 days after surgery. In three eyes with large epithelial defects (4 to 5 mm), irregular astigmatism (one eye; 0.02%) or against-therule astigmatism (two eyes; 0.03%) occurred. Patients complained of blurred and double vision. Transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed after 3 months for epithelial smoothing, with good visual results.
CONCLUSION: Management of epithelial defects following LASHC can be concentrated on avoiding epithelial hyperplasia. Epithelial defects less than 3 mm do not appear to produce epithelial hyperplasia. Irregular astigmatism induced by LASHC can result in reduced best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. A common cause of irregular astigmatism is corneal epithelial remodeling and corneal thickening secondary to corneal epithelial defects created at the time of the LASHC procedure. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S196-S199]
Photorefractive Keratectomy With Customized Segmental Ablation to Correct Irregular Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Gimbel Howard V , Stoll Stuart B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To correct irregular astigmatism after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with customized segmental ablation using the Nidek OPD-Scan (ARK-10000) to guide the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser with the Final Fit software.
METHODS: One eye of a patient that had undergone LASIK and one enhancement was treated using photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with customized segmental ablation. OPD-Scan maps were analyzed before and after surgery. The Final Fit software was used to link the OPD-Scan to the EC-5000 laser to guide the customized ablation.
RESULTS: At 1 month postoperatively, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity had improved from 20/20-2 to 20/15-2, the patient's subjective evaluation of vision was markedly improved, and the postoperative OPD-Scan maps appeared more regular.
CONCLUSION: Customized segmental ablation can be performed using the Nidek OPD-Scan and Final Fit software to improve best spectaclecorrected visual acuity and minimize irregular astigmatism, which may result from prior surgical procedures. [J Refract Surg 200l;17(suppl): S229-S232]
Intraocular Lens Implantation and Laser in situ Keratomileusis (Bioptics) to Correct High Myopia and Hyperopia With Astigmatism
Authors: Velarde José I , Anton Paula G , de Valentin-Gamazo Luis 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the refractive outcome of moderate to high myopic and hyperopic patients with astigmatism who underwent programmed refractive surgery; first lens phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and 3 months later, laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Four men and eight women (22 eyes) with a mean age 47.3 years (range, 38 to 75 yr), and an average spherical equivalent refraction of -11.76 D and +5.22 D and (range, -17.50 to +8.50 D) underwent two refractive procedures. First, phacoemulsification of the lens with a self-sealing incision through clear cornea on the steepest topographic axis and implant of a monofocal intraocular lens in the bag was performed by two experienced surgeons. Second, LASLK was performed with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser and the Moria LSK-One microkeratome, by one surgeon. Eyes were divided into two different groups. In the first group, the IOL implanted was calculated to leave the eye slightly myopic, with final correction to be achieved with LASLK. In the second group, the IOL implanted was calculated to achieve emmetropia, correcting any residual refractive error with the laser.
RESULTS: After surgery, mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.26 D (range, -0.375 to +1.50 D). Predictability of refractive outcome: 0 to -1.00 D, 63.63%; +0.25 to +1.00 D, 31.80%; +1.25 to +2.00 D, 4.54%. Mean residual refractive astigmatism was 0.30 D (range, 0 to 1.50 D). Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better was achieved in 18.3% of eyes; 20/40 or better in 81.8%. No eyes lost two or more Snellen lines of visual acuity and no adverse effects were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Bioptics (phacoemulsification with IOL implantation followed 3 months later by LASLK with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser) for correction of moderate to high myopia and hyperopia, with astigmatism, enabled us to treat the total refractive error and adjust final outcomes. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S234]
Comparison of Laser in situ Keratomileusis Outcomes With the Nidek EC-5000 and LSX LaserSight Excimer Lasers
Authors: Merchea Mohan , Tokarewicz Al 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the results of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia with and without astigmatism using the Nidek EC-5000 and LaserSight LSX excimer laser systems.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of refractive outcomes with each laser was conducted. Approximately 2900 myopic and astigmatic treatments up to -10.00 D (spherical equivalent refraction) were analyzed using refractive outcomes analysis software.
RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, 78% of patients treated with the Nidek EC-5000 laser and 53% of patients treated with the LaserSight LSX laser were within ±0.50 D of the intended correction.
CONCLUSION: A difference in safety, stability, and efficacy of LASIK was found that favored the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. [J Refract Surg 2001;17(suppl):S246-S249]
Experience With the Nidek MK-2000 Microkeratome in 1220 Cases
Authors: Sarkisian Karen A , Petrov Aleksey A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of the Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome.
METHODS: The Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome was used in 1220 cases of LASDC with the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser. Patients had a wide range of myopia (-0.75 to -25.00 D), hyperopia (+0.75 to +9.00 D) and/or astigmatism (-7.00 to +6.50 D). The flap was created with the 130-µm microkeratome plate for 859 eyes, and the 160-µm plate for 361 eyes. In 632 eyes, the 8.5-mm ring was used, and the 9.5-mm ring was used in 588 eyes. The flap hinge was placed nasally, superiorly, or inferiorly depending on the needs of the case. An easy external modification allowed us to gently increase and decrease the vacuum level and to perform the procedure using a low vacuum regimen, if necessary.
RESULTS: The edges of the flaps and the corneal surface were of good quality in all eyes. No free flaps were noted. One case was aborted because of inappropriate flap formation in a patient with a large difference (6.50 D) in corneal curvature in two main meridians. This patient successfully underwent LASDi 1 month later, placing the flap hinge in the opposite direction. Small epithelial shrinkage was noted in 38 eyes. No other flap complications were noted. In all patients the flap diameter and thickness were close to that estimated by the manufacturer. The vacuum level was adequate and stable in all cases.
CONCLUSION: The Nidek MK-2000 microkeratome was easy to use, predictable, and safe. However, we suggest a modification, adding an adjustable head movement to create wider hingeto-center-of-pupil distance and an additional 9.0-mm suction ring. [J Refract Surg 2001; 17(suppl):S252-S254].
Anterior Corneal Optical Aberrations Induced by Photorefractive Keratectomy for Hyperopia
Authors: Oliver Katherine M , O'Brart David P S , Stephenson Christopher G , Hemenger Richard P , Applegate Raymond A , Tomlinson Alan , Marshall John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for hyperopia requires both a steepening of the central cornea and a flattening of the mid-periphery to achieve its effect and is likely to affect the optical aberrations of the eye.
METHODS: Nine patients underwent PRK to correct between +2.00 and +4.00 D of hyperopia (first eye treated for each patient) using the Summit Technology Apex Plus excimer laser. Anterior corneal aberrations for pupil diameters of 3, 5.5 and 7 mm were estimated from corneal topography data (TMS-I), assuming a uni-index, single surface cornea. Refractive error was assessed using retinoscopy and standard subjective tests.
RESULTS: Apart from the intended change in refraction (mean spherical equivalent manifest refraction, +4.60 ? 1.60 D before surgery and +0.70 ? 1.60 D at 1 year after surgery), the most significant change was in spherical aberration. Anterior corneal spherical aberration was positive (+1.60 ? 0.60 D for a 5.5-mm pupil) before surgery and became negative after surgery (-1.80 ? 1.20 D at 1 year). The change in spherical aberration was related to the achieved change in refractive error.
CONCLUSIONS: The large change (approximately 3.00 D) in spherical aberration (from positive to negative aberration) has implications for the optical performance of the whole eye, where the effects of lenticular aberration must also be considered. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:406-413]
Corneal Temperature Changes During Photorefractive Keratectomy Using the Laserscan 2000 Flying Spot Laser
Authors: Vetrugno Michele , Maino Anna , Valenzano Emanuele , Cardia Luigi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the thermal variations during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) induced by a Laserscan 2000 flying spot excimer laser.
METHODS: Thermal changes during PRK were recorded using a non-contact infrared thermometer on 58 eyes with an attempted correction ranging from -1.25 to -9.00 D. The eyes were randomly divided into two groups to test the thermal effects of two different ablation scan techniques: sequential and randomized modes. Thermal measurements were also performed during myopic ablations on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) test plates.
RESULTS: On PMMA plates, a significant relationship between the amount of attempted myopic correction and thermal changes was established (P=.017 in sequential mode and P=.0O7 in randomized mode); this was not established for human eyes. With the sequential mode, an unexpected cooling effect after PRK was reported for each myopia subgroup (P=.003 in the low and high myopia subgroups, P-cOOl in the medium myopia subgroup). With the randomized mode, the cooling effect was detected only for low amounts of myopia.
CONCLUSION: Despite a high repetition rate, the Laserscan 2000 flying spot laser minimized thermal shock. In comparison with randomized (nonsequential) pulse application, sequential pulsing showed no increase in the thermal loading of corneas. In fact, a cooling effect during PRK was produced. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:454-459]
Broad Beam vs. Flying Spot Excimer Laser: Refractive and Videokeratographic Outcomes of Two Different Ablation Profiles After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Fiore Tito , Carones Francesco , Brancato Rosario 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the refractive outcomes and videokeratographic patterns in photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) of two last-generation excimer lasers: broad beam and flying spot lasers.
METHODS: Forty eyes were treated for a mean myopic correction of -5.59 ± 2.17 D with a Ladarvision excimer laser (Autonomous Technology Corp). We compared the refractive outcomes and the videokeratographic patterns with those of 40 eyes treated with the Summit Apex Plus laser (Summit Technology Ine) for a mean myopic correction of -5.60 ± 2.24 D.
RESULTS: During the 6-month follow-up, we found no significant difference in uncorrected and spectacle-corrected visual acuity, haze grade, regularity index, or decentration. The eyes treated by Ladarvision showed a lower refractive error at 1 month (P - .04), a lower incidence of central islands at 1 (P = .003) and 3 months (P = .04), a wider mean effective ablation area at 1 (P = .0004), 3 (P = .0000009), and 6 months (P = .0000000004), a less steep ablation edge at 1 (P = .0026), 3 (P = .015), and 6 months (P = .011).
CONCLUSIONS: The small beam excimer laser provides better videokeratographic outcomes, which lead to quicker refractive stability and better visual performance. [J Refract Surg 2001;17: 534-541]
Spot Size and Quality of Scanning Laser Correction of Higher Order Wavefront Aberrations
Authors: Huang David , Arif Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of laser spot size on the outcome of aberration correction with scanning laser corneal ablation.
METHODS: Numerical simulation of ablation outcome.
RESULTS: Correction of wavefront aberrations of Zernike modes from second to eighth order were simulated. Gaussian and top-hat beams of 0.6 to 2.0-mm full-width-half-maximum diameters were modeled. The fractional correction and secondary aberration (distortion) were evaluated. Using a distortion/correction ratio of less than 0.5 as a cutoff for adequate performance, we found that a 2 mm or smaller beam is adequate for spherocylindrical correction (Zernike second order), a 1 mm or smaller beam is adequate for correction of up to fourth order Zernike modes, and a 0.6 mm or smaller beam is adequate for correction of up to sixth order Zernike modes.
CONCLUSIONS: Since ocular aberrations above Zernike fourth order are relatively insignificant, current scanning lasers with a beam diameter of 1 mm or less are theoretically capable of eliminating most of the higher order aberrations of the eye. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:S588-S591]
Objective Measurement of Wavefront Aberrations With and Without Accommodation
Authors: Pallikaris Ioannis G , Panagopoulou Sophia I , Siganos Charalambos S , Molebny Vasilys V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The measurement of the refractive error profile is more useful than corneal topography in understanding the complexities of refractive surgery. We report on experimental studies of the spatially resolved refractometer Tracey-1, developed in Ukraine by IBME in medical cooperation with VEIC, Greece.
METHODS: Ten eyes were subjected to dynamic measurement of accommodation, in order to test the effectiveness of Tracey refractometry. Measurements were performed in zones 0 to 6 mm. The refractive aberrations were calculated and accommodation was evaluated.
RESULTS: Evaluation of data shows that the instrument can effectively follow the dynamic change of refractive aberrations through the accommodation process.
CONCLUSION: Clinical tests of Tracey technology demonstrated the ability to investigate accommodation using this instrument. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:S602-S607]
Choice of Spatial Frequency for Contrast Sensitivity Evaluation After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Montés-Micó Robert , Charman W Neil 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the utility of measurements of contrast sensitivity at different spatial frequencies as an index of visual recovery following refractive surgery.
METHODS: Contrast sensitivity at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 c/deg was measured with the Stereo Optical FACT chart in 20 patients after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using the Nidek EC-5000 excimer laser system, and in 18 patients following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASER). Contrast sensitivity was measured preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS: Results showed a statistically significant reduction (P<01) in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies in PRR patients during the first and third month, but contrast sensitivity recovered to preoperative values by 6 months after surgery (P>.1). In LASIK patients, decreased contrast sensitivity values 1 month after surgery were also obtained at all spatial frequencies. After 3 mouths, contrast sensitivity at 1.5 and 3 c/deg had recovered and did not differ significantly from preoperative values (P>.1), although contrast sensitivity at other frequencies remained reduced (P<.01). At 6 and 12 months, contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies did not differ from that obtained preoperatively (P>.1).
CONCLUSIONS: Contrast sensitivity measurements at 6 and 12 c/deg appear to be most useful in the assessment of patients who have undergone laser refractive surgery because defocus and optical aberrations primarily affect the higher spatial frequencies. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:646-651]
Effect of Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia on Measurement of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Carpineto Paolo , Ciancaglini Marco , Zuppardi Eduardo , Doronzo Emanuele , Di Stefano Nicola , Mastropasqua Leonardo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on nerve fiber layer thickness measurements by optical coherence tomography in myopic eyes.
METHODS: Twenty-two patients who had PRK for myopia underwent nerve fiber layer measurement by optical coherence tomography in both eyes before and 6 months after surgery in the first operated eye and before surgery in the fellow (control) eye, 6 months after the first PRK. Optical coherence tomography was performed with a Humphrey Optical Coherence Tomography Scanner. Each eye was scanned at the nerve head program radius of 1.5. For each of the optical coherence tomography parameters (average for each quadrant, superior, inferior, temporal, nasal; average for each clock hour; average over the entire cylindrical section), descriptive statistics were calculated. The difference between the observed change from the first to the second examination was calculated between the treated and the control eye. Individual mean differences were tested with Student's f-test. Hotelling's T-squared generalized means test was used to determine whether the set of mean differences was equal to zero.
RESULTS: The average preoperative refractive error was -3.90 ? 1.50 D in treated eyes and -3.89 ? 1.50 D in control eyes (P = .Sl, Student's /-test). Mean achieved refractive correction was 3.70 ± 1.70 D, corresponding to 48.1 ± 22.1 ?t? of corneal ablation. No statistically significant difference was found in any measurement in the treated eye compared with the untreated control eye.
CONCLUSIONS: At 6 months postoperatively, photorefractive keratectomy for moderate myopia that resulted in clear corneas did not affect nerve fiber layer thickness measurements, as obtained by optical coherence tomography. [J Refract Surg 2001;17:676-681]
Scraping and Mitomycin C to Treat Haze and Regression After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Vigo Luca , Scandola Elena , Carones Francesco 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and predictability of therapeutic scraping and application of a diluted 0.02% mitomycin C solution to treat haze and regression after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia.
METHODS: We performed a non-comparative, non-randomized retrospective study of 35 eyes of 30 patients who had previously undergone PRK for myopia and developed haze and regression after treatment. The range of refractive error after regression was -0.75 to -5.50 D (mean -2.92 D). Haze, ranging from grade 3 to 4 (scale: 0 to 4) caused a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity loss of 1 to 6 Snellen lines. All eyes were treated 6 to 12 months after PRK by scraping the stromal surface and application of a 0.02% mitomycin C solution for 2 minutes using a soaked merocel sponge. No laser ablation was performed. Corneal transparency, refractive error, and visual outcomes were evaluated over a 12-month follow-up period.
RESULTS: All eyes had significant improvement in corneal transparency. Thirty-one eyes had haze grades lower than 1, which were maintained over time. Only four eyes showed haze grades 1 to 2 and two of them needed further treatment using the same technique. At 12 months after treatment, all eyes were within ±1.50 of original intended correction (mean 0.04 ± 0.63 D). BSCVA improved in all eyes. No toxic effects were observed during reepithelialization or during follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Single application of diluted mitomycin C 0.02% solution following scraping of the corneal surface was effective and safe in treating haze and regression after PRK. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:449-454]