bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieving reflection arrivals from passive seismic data using Radon correlation
Authors: Hariri Naghadeh Diako , Bean Christopher J , Brenguier Florent , Smith Patrick J 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince explosive and impulsive seismic sources such as dynamite, air guns, gas guns or even vibroseis can have a big impact on the environment, some companies have decided to record ambient seismic noise and use it to estimate the physical properties of the subsurface. Big challenges arise when the aim is extracting body waves from recorded passive signals, especially in the presence of strong surface waves. In passive seismic signals, such body waves are usually weak in comparison to surface waves that are much more prominent. To understand the characteristics of passive signals and the effect of natural source locations, three simple synthetic models were created. To extract body waves from simulated passive signals we propose and test a Radon-correlation method. This is a time-spatial correlation of amplitudes with a train of time-shifted Dirac delta functions through different hyperbolic paths. It is tested on a two-layer horizontal model, a three-layer model that includes a dipping layer (with and without lateral heterogeneity) and also on synthetic Marmousi model data sets. Synthetic tests show that the introduced method is able to reconstruct reflection events at the correct time-offset positions that are hidden in results obtained by the general cross-correlation method. Also, a depth migrated section shows a good match between imaged horizons and the true model. It is possible to generate off-end virtual gathers by applying the method to a linear array of receivers and to construct a velocity model by semblance velocity analysis of individually extracted gathers.
On the behavior of functionally graded shape memory polymer composites under thermal coupling
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Yin Kai , Zhang Fangfang , Zhou Rui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shape memory polymer composites (SMPC), which are a type of stimuli-responsive material, show better mechanical properties than pure shape memory polymers. However, different engineering applications have different requirements for the fiber content of SMPC. For example, some parts of the structure require more fibers to enhance strength, while other parts require fewer fibers to maintain deformability. In order to solve this problem, a functionally graded shape memory polymer composite (FG-SMPC) is proposed in this work. The contents of the fibers for the FG-SMPC can be changed along the geometric dimension of the material, enabling different performance requirements to be met in different parts of the structure. Based on the constitutive model of the SMP and the mechanics of composite materials, the mechanical behaviors of the FG-SMPC under thermal loading are discussed. The results show that such materials exhibit gradient behaviors for both the intensity and shape memory effect with different gradient distributions.
Understanding Infants’ In-Home Injuries: Context and Correlates
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A , Corbett Michael , Bryant Lindsay , Cox Amanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Rationale
Infancy is a time of elevated risk of injury. Past research has focused mostly on the type of injuries, leaving many gaps in knowledge about contextual information that could aid in injury prevention planning.

Methods
In this longitudinal study, a participant-event recording method was used in which mothers tracked their infants’ home injuries through three motor development stages (sitting up independently, crawling, and walking). A contextual analysis elucidated where injuries occurred, their type and severity, the infant’s and parent’s behaviors at the time, if the infant had done the risk behavior before and been injured, the level of supervision, and the nature of any safety precautions parents implemented following these injuries.

Results
Injuries occurred as often in play as in nonplay areas and were due to physically-active nonplay activities more so than play activities; mothers were often doing chores. Bumps and bruises were the most common types of injuries. As infants became more mobile, supervision scores declined and injury severity scores increased. Infants had done the risk behavior leading to injury previously about 60% of the time, with higher scores associated with parents implementing fewer preventive actions in response to injury. When mothers did implement a safety precaution, greater injury severity was associated with more modifications to the environment and increased supervision; teaching about safety was infrequent.

Conclusion
Implications of these results for injury prevention messaging are discussed.
Long-term outcomes of patients with unresectable benign meningioma treated with proton beam therapy
Authors: Sato Hiroshige , Mizumoto Masashi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki , Sakamoto Noriaki , Akutsu Hiroyoshi , Ishikawa Eiichi , Tsuboi Koji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of proton beam therapy (PBT) for unresectable benign meningiomas at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. From 1986–1998, 10 patients were treated at the Particle Radiation Medical Science Center (PRMSC) with a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value of 1.0 using an accelerator built for physics experiments. The total dose was compensated with an X-ray in three patients. Following that, from 2002–2017, 17 patients were treated with a RBE value of 1.1 at the Proton Medical Research Center (PMRC) which was built for medical use. At the PRMSC, the total dose ranged from 50.4–66 Gy (median: 54 Gy). During the follow-up, which lasted between 3.8 and 31.6 years (median: 25.1 years), the 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 30-year local control rates were 100%, and the 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 30-year survival rates were 90, 80, 70, 70 and 36%, respectively. One patient died of brainstem radiation necrosis 5.1 years after PBT. At PMRC, the total dose ranged from 45.0–61.2 GyE, with a median of 50.4 GyE. During the follow-up, which lasted between 3 and 17 years with a median of 10.5 years, the 5-, 10- and 15-year local control rates were 94.1%, and the 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates were 100, 100 and 88.9%, respectively. Neither malignant transformation nor secondary malignancy was observed, indicating that fractionated PBT may be effective and safely control benign unresectable meningioma even for the lifelong period of time.
Digitization Without Digital Evidence: Technology and Sweden’s Asylum System
Authors: Micinski Nicholas R , Jones Will 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
States and asylum seekers are at the centre of rapid digital innovation in surveillance, mobility, welfare and identity. Why do some states rush to digitalize asylum systems, while others do not? Why is the pace and form of digitalization within countries uneven within asylum agencies? In this article, we examine drivers of the digitalization of the Swedish state, in particular uneven digitalization within the Swedish Migration Agency (Migrationsverket). While many processes were swiftly digitalized, we found that Swedish bureaucrats, rather than politicians or activist lawyers, resisted the adoption of digital evidence within the refugee status determination process, despite enthusiastically digitizing elsewhere. We explore these differences by looking at the historical, institutional and cultural bases of Swedish refugee policy. We present evidence from fieldwork in Sweden and find an unequal pace of digitalization that was largely dependent on the bureaucratic risk-aversion, extant legal norms, and perceived vulnerability to fraud.
Digital insights: bridging the phenotype-to-genotype divide
Authors: McCabe Matthew F , Tester Mark 
Published: March 2021

This article comments on:
Han R, Wong AJY, Tang Z, Truco MJ, Lavelle DO, Kozik A, Jin Y, Michelmore R. 2021. Drone phenotyping and machine learning enable discovery of loci regulating daily floral opening in lettuce. Journal of Experimental Botany 72,2979–2994.
Dutifully Defying Death: A Right to Life-saving Emergency Treatment
Authors: Lui Edward 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights provides for the right to health. Two questions are considered in this article. Does this right entail a more specific right to life-saving emergency treatment? And if so, should the latter right become justiciable in the domestic courts? Two propositions will be made in this article. First, the right to life-saving emergency treatment is a necessary component of the right to health. Second, the conventional arguments against the justiciability of socio-economic rights do not apply to the right to life-saving emergency treatment. Such a right should be justiciable at the domestic level.
High-sensitivity radio study of the non-thermal stellar bow shock EB27
Authors: Benaglia Paula , del Palacio Santiago , Hales Christopher , Colazo Marcelo E 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a deep radio-polarimetric observation of the stellar bow shock EB27 associated with the massive star BD+43○3654. This is the only stellar bow shock confirmed to have non-thermal radio emission. We used the Jansky Very Large Array in S band (2–4 GHz) to test whether this synchrotron emission is polarized. The unprecedented sensitivity achieved allowed us to map even the fainter regions of the bow shock, revealing that the more diffuse emission is steeper and the bow shock brighter than previously reported. No linear polarization is detected in the bow shock above 0.5 per cent, although we detected polarized emission from two southern sources, probably extragalactic in nature. We modelled the intensity and morphology of the radio emission to better constrain the magnetic field and injected power in relativistic electrons. Finally, we derived a set of more precise parameters for the system EB27–BD+43○3654 using Gaia Early Data Release 3, including the spatial velocity. The new trajectory, back in time, intersects the core of the Cyg OB2 association.
An RNA tagging approach for system-wide RNA-binding proteome profiling and dynamics investigation upon transcription inhibition
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Liu Tong , Dong Hangyan , Li Jian , Sun Haofan , Qian Xiaohong , Qin Weijie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
RNA-protein interactions play key roles in epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. To reveal the regulatory mechanisms of these interactions, global investigation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and monitor their changes under various physiological conditions are needed. Herein, we developed a psoralen probe (PP)-based method for RNA tagging and ribonucleic-protein complex (RNP) enrichment. Isolation of both coding and noncoding RNAs and mapping of 2986 RBPs including 782 unknown candidate RBPs from HeLa cells was achieved by PP enrichment, RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis. The dynamics study of RNPs by PP enrichment after the inhibition of RNA synthesis provides the first large-scale distribution profile of RBPs bound to RNAs with different decay rates. Furthermore, the remarkably greater decreases in the abundance of the RBPs obtained by PP-enrichment than by global proteome profiling suggest that PP enrichment after transcription inhibition offers a valuable way for large-scale evaluation of the candidate RBPs.
Machine Learning for the Prediction of Molecular Markers in Glioma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jian Anne , Jang Kevin , Manuguerra Maurizio , Liu Sidong , Magnussen John , Di Ieva Antonio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Molecular characterization of glioma has implications for prognosis, treatment planning, and prediction of treatment response. Current histopathology is limited by intratumoral heterogeneity and variability in detection methods. Advances in computational techniques have led to interest in mining quantitative imaging features to noninvasively detect genetic mutations.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning (ML) models in molecular subtyping gliomas on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS
A systematic search was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines to identify studies up to April 1, 2020. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2. Diagnostic performance estimates were obtained using a bivariate model and heterogeneity was explored using metaregression.

RESULTS
Forty-four original articles were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation in training datasets were 0.88 (95% CI 0.83-0.91) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.91), respectively, and 0.83 to 0.85 in validation sets. Use of data augmentation and MRI sequence type were weakly associated with heterogeneity. Both O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter methylation and 1p/19q codeletion could be predicted with a pooled sensitivity and specificity between 0.76 and 0.83 in training datasets.

CONCLUSION
ML application to preoperative MRI demonstrated promising results for predicting IDH mutation, MGMT methylation, and 1p/19q codeletion in glioma. Optimized ML models could lead to a noninvasive, objective tool that captures molecular information important for clinical decision making. Future studies should use multicenter data, external validation and investigate clinical feasibility of ML models.
Symmetry enhancement in a two-logarithm matrix model and the canonical tensor model
Authors: Sasakura Naoki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study a one-matrix model of a real symmetric matrix with a potential which is a sum of two logarithmic functions and a harmonic one. This two-logarithm matrix model is the absolute square norm of a toy wave function which is obtained by replacing the tensor argument of the wave function of the canonical tensor model (CTM) with a matrix. We discuss a symmetry enhancement phenomenon in this matrix model and show that symmetries and dimensions of emergent spaces are stable only in a phase which exists exclusively for the positive cosmological constant case in the sense of CTM. This would imply the importance of the positivity of the cosmological constant in the emergence phenomena in CTM.
Transparency of the national government as key in promoting the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Dela Cruz Moriah Dianne M , Mendoza Abelardo Jose M , Gueco Gevans Ed A , Maghinang C J Mark P , Gopez Jose Ma W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A recent correspondence discussed two important attributes of the government officials, namely, public service and common good. These two could possibly help the government in terms of promoting vaccination programs in the Philippines. This paper proposes transparency as the third attribute that could help in gaining trust from the people in promoting vaccination in the country.
Genotypes and prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A , Rabaan Ali A , Saunar Justin V , Bazzi Ali M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
The molecular epidemiology of resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important in the study of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We evaluate the prevalence of the different mechanisms of CRE in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
Carbapenem non-susceptible isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by real-time PCR for the detection of genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance.

Results
There were a total of 200 isolates with carbapenem non-susceptibility and these were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=96, 48%), Escherichia coli (n=51, 25.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=45, 22.5%). The detected carbapenemases were oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) (n=83, 41.5%), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) (n=19, 2.5%) and both NDM and OXA-48 (n=5, 2.5%). The other carbapenemases were imipenemase (n=1, 0.5%), Verona integrin encoded metallo-β-lactamase (n=6, 3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (n=1, 0.5%), but none were detected in 86 isolates (43%).

Conclusion
The most common carbapenemases were OXA-48 and a significant percentage had no detectable genes. These data will help in the selection of new antimicrobial therapies.
Progress and Pitfalls of Bacteriophage Therapy in Critical Care: A Concise Definitive Review
Authors: Valente Luca , Prazak Josef , Que Yok-Ai , Cameron David R. 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Bacterial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major problem for patients requiring critical care. An approach to combat resistance is the use of bacterial viruses known as “phage therapy.” This review provides a brief “clinicians guide” to phage biology and discusses recent applications in the context of common infections encountered in ICUs.

Data Sources:
Research articles were sourced from PubMed using search term combinations of “bacteriophages” or “phage therapy” with either “lung,” “pneumonia,” “bloodstream,” “abdominal,” “urinary tract,” or “burn wound.”

Study Selection:
Preclinical trials using animal models, case studies detailing compassionate use of phage therapy in humans, and randomized controlled trials were included.

Data Extraction:
We systematically extracted: 1) the infection setting, 2) the causative bacterial pathogen and its antibiotic resistance profile, 3) the nature of the phage therapeutic and how it was administered, 4) outcomes of the therapy, and 5) adverse events.

Data Synthesis:
Phage therapy for the treatment of experimental infections in animal models and in cases of compassionate use in humans has been associated with largely positive outcomes. These findings, however, have failed to translate into positive patient outcomes in the limited number of randomized controlled trails that have been performed to date.

Conclusions:
Widespread clinical implementation of phage therapy depends on success in randomized controlled trials. Additional translational and reverse translational studies aimed at overcoming phage resistance, exploiting phage-antibiotic synergies, and optimizing phage administration will likely improve the design and outcome of future trials.
Recommendations for COVID-19 Vaccination in People with Rheumatic Disease:Developed by the Singapore Chapter of Rheumatologists
Authors: Santosa Amelia , Xu Chuanhui , Arkachaisri Thaschawee , Kong Kok Ooi , Lateef Aisha , Lee Tau Hong , Leong Keng Hong , Low Andrea Hsiu Ling , Sriranganathan Melonie K , Tan Teck Choon , Teng Gim Gee , Thong Bernard Yu-hor , Fong Warren , Lahiri Manjari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPeople with rheumatic diseases (PRD) remain vulnerable in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. We formulated recommendations to meet the urgent need for a consensus for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in PRD.MethodsSystematic literature reviews were performed to evaluate (1) outcomes in PRD with COVID-19; (2) efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 vaccination; and (3) published guidelines/recommendations for non-live, non-COVID-19 vaccinations in PRD. Recommendations were formulated based on the evidence and expert opinion according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.ResultsThe consensus comprises two overarching principles and seven recommendations. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in PRD should be aligned with prevailing national policy and should be individualized through shared decision between the healthcare provider and patient. We strongly recommended that eligible PRD and household contacts be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. We conditionally recommended that the COVID-19 vaccine be administered during quiescent disease if possible. Immunomodulatory drugs, other than rituximab, can be continued alongside vaccination. We conditionally recommended that the COVID-19 vaccine be administered prior to commencing rituximab if possible. For patients on rituximab, the vaccine should be administered a minimum of 6 months after the last dose and/or 4 weeks prior to the next dose of rituximab. Post-vaccination antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 need not be measured. Any of the approved COVID-19 vaccines may be used, with no particular preference.ConclusionThese recommendations provide guidance for COVID-19 vaccination in PRD. Most recommendations in this consensus are conditional, reflecting a lack of evidence or low-level evidence. (words 247)
Estimating Causal Treatment Effects of Femoral and Tibial Derotational Osteotomies on Foot Progression in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Schwartz Michael H. , Kainz Hans , Georgiadis Andrew G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundFoot progression deviations are a common and important problem for children with CP. Tibial and femoral derotational osteotomies (TDO, FDO) are used to treat foot progression deviations, but outcomes are unpredictable. The available evidence for the causal effects of TDO and FDO is limited and weak, and thus modeling approaches are needed.MethodsWe queried our clinical database for individuals with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) who were less than 18 years old and had baseline and follow up gait data collected within a 3-year time span. We then used the Bayesian Causal Forest (BCF) algorithm to estimate the causal treatment effects of TDO and FDO on foot progression deviations (separate models). We examined average treatment effects and heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) with respect to clinically relevant covariates.ResultsThe TDO and FDO models were able to accurately predict follow-up foot progression (r2 ∼0.7, RMSE ∼8°). The estimated causal effect of TDO was bimodal and exhibited significant heterogeneity with respect to baseline levels of foot progression and tibial torsion as well as changes in tibial torsion at follow-up. The estimated causal effect of FDO was unimodal and largely homogeneous with respect to baseline or change characteristics.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential for causal machine-learning algorithms to impact treatment in children with CP. The causal model is accurate and appears sensible – though no gold-standard exists for validating the causal estimates. The model results can provide guidance for planning surgical corrections, and partly explain unsatisfactory outcomes observed in prior observational clinical studies.