bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear integral equations and two‐dimensional Toda systems
Authors: Yin Yue , Fu Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe direct linearization framework is presented for the two‐dimensional (2D) Toda equations associated with the infinite‐dimensional Lie algebras , , and , as well as the Kac–Moody algebras , , , and for arbitrary integers , from the aspect of a set of linear integral equations in a certain form. Such a scheme not only provides a unified perspective to understand the underlying integrability structure, but also induces the direct linearizing type solution potentially leading to the universal solution space, for each class of the 2D Toda system. As particular applications of this framework to the 2D Toda lattices, we rediscover the Lax pairs and the adjoint Lax pairs and simultaneously construct the generalized Cauchy matrix solutions.
Exploring the Role of Pain as an Early Indicator for Individuals at Risk of Pressure Ulcer Development: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Moore Zena , Avsar Pinar , Moda Vitoriano Budri Aglecia , O’Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Patton Declan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPressure ulcer (PU) development begins with an inflammatory response, arising due to pressure and shear forces causing changes to the cytoskeletal structure of cells. Thus, pain, synonymous with inflammation, may be an indicator of PU development.AimTo explore the role of pain as an indicator of PU development and to determine how this pain was measured.MethodWe searched PUBMED, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases. A total of 879 records were returned, with eight satisfying the inclusion criteria. Narrative data synthesis was undertaken. The quality of studies was assessed using the evidence‐based librarianship (EBL) checklist.ResultsThe studies were conducted between 2000 and 2019, and 75% (n = 6) employed a cross‐sectional design. The mean sample size was 760 participants (SD = 703). Of the included studies, 87.5% (n = 7) identified that pain was associated with PU development. The most frequent pain assessment tool was the numeric rating scale (37.5%; n = 3). Using the EBL checklist, 62.5% (n = 5) of the studies scored ≥75%, reflecting validity.Linking Evidence to ActionPain is associated with PU development; however, further research is required to validate these findings and assess the characteristics associated with pain as a symptom preceding PU development.
Mind affects matter: Hindbrain GLP1 neurons link stress, physiology and behaviour
Authors: Holt Marie K. 
Published: July 2021

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
This Lecture covers the role of caudal brainstem GLP1 neurons in acute and chronic stress responses.

What advances does it highlight?
This Lecture focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of GLP1 neurons and their physiological role in many aspects of stress. Particular focus is given to the recent elucidation, in part, of the anatomical basis for recruitment of GLP1 neurons in response to acute stress. Finally, the potential, but at this time somewhat speculative, role of GLP1 neurons in chronic stress is discussed.

AbstractThe brain responds rapidly to stressful stimuli by increasing sympathetic outflow, activating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and eliciting avoidance behaviours to limit risks to safety. Stress responses are adaptive and essential but can become maladaptive when the stress is chronic, causing autonomic imbalance, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis hyper‐reactivity and a state of hypervigilance. Ultimately, this contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease and affective disorders, including major depression and anxiety. Stress responses are often thought to be driven mainly by forebrain areas; however, the brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is ideally located to control both autonomic outflow and behaviour in response to stress. Here, I review the preclinical evidence that the NTS and its resident glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP1)‐expressing neurons are prominent mediators of stress responses. This Lecture introduces the reader to the idea of good and bad stress and outlines the types of stress that engage the NTS and GLP1 neurons. I describe in particular detail the recent studies by myself and others aimed at mapping sources of synaptic inputs to GLP1 neurons and consider the implications for our understanding of the role of GLP1 neurons in stress. This is followed by a discussion of the contribution of brain GLP1 and GLP1 neurons to behavioural and physiological stress responses. The evidence reviewed highlights a potentially prominent role for GLP1 neurons in the response of the brain to acute stress and reveals important unanswered questions regarding their role in chronic stress.
Elastic Solution of a Polyhedral Particle With a Polynomial Eigenstrain and Particle Discretization
Authors: Wu Chunlin , Zhang Liangliang , Yin Huiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper extends the recent work (Wu, C., and Yin, H., 2021, “Elastic Solution of a Polygon-Shaped Inclusion With a Polynomial Eigenstrain,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 88(6), p. 061002) of Eshelby’s tensors for polynomial eigenstrains from a two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) domain, which provides the solution to the elastic field with continuously distributed eigenstrain on a polyhedral inclusion approximated by the Taylor series of polynomials. Similarly, the polynomial eigenstrain is expanded at the centroid of the polyhedral inclusion with uniform, linear, and quadratic order terms, which provides tailorable accuracy of the elastic solutions of polyhedral inhomogeneity using Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method. However, for both 2D and 3D cases, the stress distribution in the inhomogeneity exhibits a certain discrepancy from the finite element results at the neighborhood of the vertices due to the singularity of Eshelby’s tensors, which makes it inaccurate to use the Taylor series of polynomials at the centroid to catch the eigenstrain at the vertices. This paper formulates the domain discretization with tetrahedral elements to accurately solve for eigenstrain distribution and predict the stress field. With the eigenstrain determined at each node, the elastic field can be predicted with the closed-form domain integral of Green’s function. The parametric analysis shows the performance difference between the polynomial eigenstrain by the Taylor expansion at the centroid and the C0 continuous eigenstrain by particle discretization. Because the stress singularity is evaluated by the analytical form of Eshelby’s tensor, the elastic analysis is robust, stable, and efficient.
Toward a Theory of Systems Engineering
Authors: Hazelrigg George A. , Saari Donald G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The derivation of a theory of systems engineering has long been complicated by the fact that there is little consensus within the systems engineering community regarding precisely what systems engineering is, what systems engineers do, and what might constitute reasonable systems engineering practices. To date, attempts at theories fail to accommodate even a sizable fraction of the current systems engineering community, and they fail to present a test of validity of systems theories, analytical methods, procedures, or practices. This article presents a more theoretical and more abstract approach to the derivation of a theory of systems engineering that has the potential to accommodate a broad segment of the systems engineering community and present a validity test. It is based on a simple preference statement: “I want the best system I can get.” From this statement, it is argued that a very rich theory can be obtained. However, most engineering disciplines are framed around a core set of widely accepted physical laws; to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to frame an engineering discipline around a preference.
The Higgs-portal for dark matter: effective field theories versus concrete realizations
Authors: Arcadi Giorgio , Djouadi Abdelhak , Kado Marumi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHiggs-portal effective field theories are widely used as benchmarks in order to interpret collider and astroparticle searches for dark matter (DM) particles. To assess the validity of these effective models, it is important to confront them to concrete realizations that are complete in the ultraviolet regime. In this paper, we compare effective Higgs-portal models with scalar, fermionic and vector DM with a series of increasingly complex realistic models, taking into account all existing constraints from collider and astroparticle physics. These complete realizations include the inert doublet with scalar DM, the singlet-doublet model for fermionic DM and models based on spontaneously broken dark SU(2) and SU(3) gauge symmetries for vector boson DM. We also discuss the simpler scenarios in which a new scalar singlet field that mixes with the standard Higgs field is introduced with minimal couplings to isosinglet spin-$$0, \frac{1}{2}$$

0
,

1
2

and 1 DM states. We show that in large regions of the parameter space of these models, the effective Higgs-portal approach provides a consistent limit and thus, can be safely adopted, in particular for the interpretation of searches for invisible Higgs boson decays at the LHC. The phenomenological implications of assuming or not that the DM states generate the correct cosmological relic density are also discussed.
Beer mats make bad frisbees
Authors: Ostmeyer Johann , Schürmann Christoph , Urbach Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article we show why flying and rotating beer mats, CDs, or other flat disks will eventually flip in the air and end up flying with backspin, thus, making them unusable as frisbees. The crucial effect responsible for the flipping is found to be the lift attacking not in the center of mass but slightly offset to the forward edge. This induces a torque leading to a precession towards backspin orientation. An effective theory is developed providing an approximate solution for the disk’s trajectory with a minimal set of parameters. Our theoretical results are confronted with experimental results obtained using a beer mat shooting apparatus and a high speed camera. Very good agreement is found.
Compressed Sensing in Parallel MRI: A Review
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Uddin Muhammad Shahin 
Published: July 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a dynamic and safe imaging technique in medical imaging. Recently, parallel MRI (pMRI) is widely used for accelerating conventional MRI. Both frequency and image domain-based reconstructions are the most attractive methods for generating the image from multi-channel k-space data. Compressed sensing (CS) is a recently used procedure to reduce the acquisition time of conventional MRI. This reduction is achieved by taking fewer measurements from the fully sampled k-space data. Therefore, applying the CS technique in pMRI is the most emerging way for further improving the acquisition time that is a tremendous research interest. However, as the phase encoding plane may be perpendicular or parallel to the coil elements plane, finding the exact domain for CS in pMRI reconstruction is a major challenging issue. In this work, the application of the CS technique in pMRI in both domains is investigated. Later some widely used methodologies are presented as the nonlinear reconstruction algorithm of CS in pMRI. Finally, a discussion is performed based on CS in pMRI to perceive the reality of different reconstruction algorithms at a glance for finding preferred methodologies.
The Holy Spirit in the Theological Work of Michael Servetus
Authors: Schulte am Hülse Christine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article examines the pneumatology in the theological works of the “heretic” Michael Servetus, which so far has received limited attention in research. This is worthwhile, since Servetus developed two answers to the question of what the Holy Spirit is: on the one hand, a movement of God in the human spirit understood as a divine accident of God; or, on the other, even the divine substance itself, which is physiologically incorporated by humans. The occasion and the focus of this article are therefore the perception and the discussion of these two pneumatological approaches and their most significant differences. Both approaches are outlined in their main features and explained in their respective contexts. Nevertheless, these separate analyses will also be related to each other in a comparative fashion, so that a fundamental moment of Servetus’ entire pneumatology can be identified: the constitution and mediation of unity between God and creation.
To Network or Not to Network
Authors: Smith Nigel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article contrasts hostility toward visual and literary art in English radical Puritanism before the late seventeenth century with the central role of art for Dutch Mennonites, many involved in the commercial prosperity of Amsterdam. Both 1620s Mennonites and 1650s–1660s Quakers debated the relationship between literal truth of the Bible and claims for the power of a personally felt Holy Spirit. This was the intra-Mennonite “Two-Word Dispute,” and for Quakers an opportunity to attack Puritans who argued that the Bible was literally the Word of God, not the “light within.” Mennonites like Jan Theunisz and Quakers like Samuel Fisher made extensive use of learning, festive subversion and poetry. Texts from the earlier dispute were republished in order to traduce the Quakers when they came to Amsterdam in the 1650s and discovered openness to conversation but not conversion.
Adam Pastor (ca. 1500–ca. 1565)
Authors: Brok Theo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Adam Pastor was an itinerant Anabaptist bishop in the Lower Rhine region. Ordained by Menno Simons around 1542, he is best known for the division that unfolded between Dirk Philips and Menno Simons, which led to the first schism in Mennonitism. Although sixteenth-century contemporaries described him as an important bishop alongside Menno, Mennonite historiography since then has largely ignored him. Pastor’s theological views are known primarily from his Onderscheytboeck [Book of Distinctions] of ca. 1554. The recent discovery of an earlier and hitherto unknown version of this writing, however, demonstrates a more gradual development of Adam Pastor’s “spiritualism.” In 1547 Pastor opposed Menno’s Melchiorite doctrine of the incarnation. Several years later, he arrived at the inevitable conclusion and denied—at least implicitly—the Trinity. The result was his break with Menno and Dirk and a subsequent division between the bishops from the Northern Netherlands and those of the Lower Rhine.
The Contours of the Non-Lutheran Reformation in Germany, 1522–1546
Authors: Stayer James M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Among the common ways of portraying Reformation divides are the following categories: Magisterial vs Radical Reformations; or a “church type” vs a “sect type” of reform. This essay offers an alternative view. It underscores the differences between Lutherans and Anglicans on one side; and the Reformed, Anabaptists, and Schwenckfelders on the other. The Lutherans, like the Anglicans under Henry VIII, worshipped in altar-centered churches which were Roman Catholic in appearance. They presented themselves as reformers of Catholic errors of the late Middle Ages. By contrast, when the Reformed, Anabaptists, and Schwenckfelders met for worship, it was in unadorned Bible-centered meeting houses. The Anabaptists were targeted for martyrdom by the decree of the Holy Roman Empire of 1529 against Wiedertäufer (“rebaptists”). Contrary to the later memory that they practiced a theology of martyrdom, the preference of apprehended Anabaptists was to recant.
Art and Heterodoxy in the Dutch Enlightenment
Authors: Schroeder Nina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the artist Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719) as an unconventional Christian and sheds new light on his representation of artists from religious minority groups in his Great Theatre of Netherlandish Painters and Painteresses (1718–1721). By exploring Houbraken’s years within the Flemish Mennonite milieu in Dordrecht (1660–ca. 1685) and investigating his representation of religious difference in his biographies within The Great Theatre, this study extends scholarship on Houbraken beyond the current focus on his later years as a writer in Amsterdam, and it offers findings on the experience and reception history of nonconformists and religious minority group members, like the spiritualist David Joris and the Mennonite martyr Jan Woutersz van Cuyck (among others), within the Dutch art world. The paper also addresses the historiographical disconnect between literature in the disciplines of art history, intellectual history, and history of religion that persisted until very recently regarding Houbraken’s status as a heterodox Enlightenment thinker.
Religious Tolerance and Freedom of Prophesying
Authors: Quatrini Francesco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This essay focuses on the presence of Polish Brethren (usually known as Socinians) exiles in Amsterdam in the mid-seventeenth century, examining the social and intellectual interrelations between them and other Dutch religious minorities. It describes the phenomenon of the Brethren’s emigration to the United Provinces, roughly between 1638 (when the Socinians were banished from Raków) and the late 1660s, relying on both published and manuscript sources. It particularly emphasizes the social relations that the Brethren established with the Remonstrants, the Mennonites, and the Collegiants. It then focuses on the last group and argues that shared views on religious tolerance were the common intellectual ground that likely contributed to the friendly relationships between the Brethren and the Collegiants. It also argues that these relationships fostered further intellectual crossovers between the two groups, as the Brethren in Amsterdam were influenced by the Collegiants’ emphasis on freedom of prophesying, egalitarianism, and anti-confessionalism.
Inflating the Prestige of Demons
Authors: de Waardt Hans 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the sixteenth century, witchcraft was generally thought to be a grave danger. Specific people, a majority of them women, were believed to threaten the world as servants of the Devil. In his De praestigiis daemonum, published in 1563, the Dutch / German physician Johan Wier argued that human beings were unable to perform witchcraft and that the women who were accused were innocent but often deluded by demons into believing that they were guilty. In his plea for tolerance Wier was inspired by his brother Matthias and the spiritualist prophet David Joris. In order to convince his readers he used their prejudices, that he himself rejected, about the power of demons and the intellectual capacities of women.
Effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Fengyi , Zhang Rengang , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Dinggen , Wang Yu , Yang Yong-Hong , Wei Quan 
Published: July 2021

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain in amputees. Data sources: Nine electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PreQuest, PEDro) were searched from their inception to May 10th, 2021. Methods: Two authors independently selected relevant studies and extracted the data. The effect sizes were calculated under a random-effects model meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the methodological quality was appraised by the PEDro scale. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the confidence of the effect. Results: A total of 11 RCTs involving 491 participants were included in this review and nine RCTs involving 372 participants were included in meta-analysis. The quality of these studies was from poor to good with scores ranging from 2 to 8 points according to PEDro scale. The pooled SMD showed that mirror therapy reduced the pain with a large effect size (−0.81; 95% CI = −1.36 to −0.25; P = 0.005; I2 = 82%; n = 372) compared with other methods (four covered mirror, one phantom exercise, three mental visualization, one sensorimotor exercise, one transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, one tactile stimuli). The quality of evidence for the outcome pain intensity was determined to be fair according to GRADE approach. Conclusion: There is fair-quality evidence that MT is beneficial for reducing phantom limb pain.
Professionals’, patients’ and families’ views on the use of opioids for chronic breathlessness: A systematic review using the framework method and pillar process
Authors: Reedy Florence , Pearson Mark , Greenley Sarah , Clark Joseph , Currow David C , Bajwah Sabrina , Fallon Marie , Johnson Miriam J 
Published: July 2021

Background: In combination with non-pharmacological interventions, opioids may safely reduce chronic breathlessness in patients with severe illness. However, implementation in clinical practice varies. Aim: To synthesise the published literature regarding health professionals’, patients’ and families’ views on the use of opioids for chronic breathlessness, identifying issues which influence implementation in clinical practice. Design: Systematic review and synthesis using the five-stage framework synthesis method. Data sources: Three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase via OVID, ASSIA via Proquest) were searched (March 2020) using a predefined search strategy. Studies were also citation chained from key papers. Papers were screened against a priori eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from included studies using the framework synthesis method. Qualitative and quantitative data were synthesised using the pillar process. Included studies were critically appraised using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: After de-duplication, 843 papers were identified. Following screening, 22 studies were included. Five themes were developed: (i) clinician/patient characteristics, (ii) education/knowledge/experience, (iii) relationship between clinician/family, (iv) clinician/patient fear of opioids and (v) regulatory issues. Conclusions: There are significant barriers and enablers to the use of opioids for the symptomatic reduction of chronic breathlessness based on the knowledge, views and attitudes of clinicians, patients and families. Clinicians’ interactions with patients and their families strongly influences adherence with opioid treatment regimens for chronic breathlessness. Clinicians’, patients’ and families’ knowledge about the delicate balance between benefits and risks is generally poor. Education for all, but particularly clinicians, is likely to be a necessary (but insufficient) factor for improving implementation in practice.