bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Salivary Alpha-Amylase Levels for Determining Stress Variations in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia for Infra-Umbilical Surgery
Authors: Bano Shagufta , Garg Renu , Agrawal Meenu , Agarwal Ruchi , Kumar Ashutosh , Prashant Praveen 
Published: November 2021

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels for determining stress variations in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for infra-umbilical surgery.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty subjects (age 18–65 years) planned for infra-umbilical surgery under spinal anesthesia were included and allocated to Groups A and B ensuring age and sex matching. In both groups, sAA levels (S1 to S4) were assessed sequentially at different times (E1 to E4). S1 and S2 were collected on the evening before surgery (E1) and in the preoperative room on the day of surgery (E2), respectively. Thereafter, in Group A, S3 and S4 were collected before (E3) and 15 min after spinal anesthesia (E4), following which intravenous Midazolam was given. In Group B, intravenous Midazolam was administered first, S3 was collected 5 min later (E3), spinal anesthesia was administered and S4 was collected after15 min (E4).

Results:
In both groups, sAA levels showed a mild increase from E1 to E2 (not significant). Thereafter from E2 to E3 and E3 to E4, a significant sharp rise in sAA levels in Group A and a significantly acute decline in Group B was noted. Mean sAA levels in Group A were higher as compared to group B (P < 0.005) in E3 and E4.

Conclusion:
Sequential documentation of increase in sAA levels in our study, starting with the baseline levels, presents a comprehensive report of the stress that the patients experience during preoperative period and reinforces the need of anxiolytic before spinal anesthesia.
Gender Variations in Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Hausa/Fulani Ethnic group in Northwest Nigeria – A Two-stage Approach
Authors: Tukur Umar Muhammad , Bello Shaibu Oricha 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used drugs worldwide and has been linked to drug-related liver damage, even when taken at recommended doses. Ingesting the upper limit of recommended doses of the drug produced a doubling of mortality when compared to not taking the drug. Acetaminophen ingestion has been implicated in the development of angioedema, the exasperation of asthma, and urticaria in patients with aspirin intolerance.

Aim:
This study aimed at assessing gender variations in the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in Hausa/Fulani, the most populous ethnic group in Nigeria and determines a possibility of toxicity in the group.

Methods:
It was an exploratory study involving twenty participants selected by criterion sampling who satisfied inclusion criteria. They were fasted 11-h preceding acetaminophen administration to 3 h after administration. A single dose of acetaminophen, 1 g orally with 300 ml of distilled water, was administered at 8 A. M. Blood was obtained before the administration and 15, 30, and 45 min, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after the administration. Acetaminophen plasma concentrations were determined by validated reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography Food and Drug Administration guidelines.

Results:
Six out of 19 (31.6%) participants have higher than maximum therapeutic plasma concentration (>20 μg/ml). Pharmacokinetics parameters were higher in males except for clearance and volume of distribution.

Conclusion:
Clearance from the plasma tends to be more for females than their male counterparts. A good proportion of Hausa/Fulani is prone to acetaminophen toxicity at a therapeutic dose.
Role of 4-H Serum Lipase Level in Predicting Postendoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: Parvin Sultana , Islam Md. Samiul , Azam Md. Golam , Majumdar Touhidul Karim , Ahmed Shireen , Zaman Taslima , Dutta Rajib 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
Serum amylase level can rise asymptomatically after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Thus, its assay can lead to overprediction of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Lipase assay is used to diagnose other forms of pancreatitis but usually not for PEP.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to predict whether lipase may be of better use for the early prediction of PEP.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty-five consecutive ERCPs performed over a period of 1 year and 9 months were observed. On admission (baseline) and after ERCP at 4 and 24 h, serum amylase and lipase were measured. Based on sensitivity and specificity from the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, optimal cutoff levels for the enzyme, serum lipase, and amylase levels were employed to predict PEP.

Results:
Out of 125 patients, 26 (20.8%) developed PEP. In multivariate analysis, young age, suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, recurrent pancreatitis, and needle papillotomy were significant risk factors. Considering the optimum cutoff level (single value with the best sensitivity and specificity), both the enzyme amylase and lipase evaluated at 4 h were significant (Chi-square test: P =0.0001 for both the enzymes). However, multivariate regression analysis and levels of enzymes at different cutoff values in the ROC found that 4-h lipase levels were more (about 4 times) increased of the upper limit of normal range than amylase levels (1.19 times).

Conclusion:
The enzyme, serum amylase, and lipase evaluated at 4 h after ERCP were satisfactory predictors for PEP. However, when compared, serum lipase was more reliable than amylase.
Comparison of Tocilizumab and High-dose Methylprednisolone Pulse on Outcomes in Severe Corona Virus Disease-2019
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Kashyap Anil Kumar , Kaur Simran , John Mary , Sibia Raminderpal Singh , Chopra Vishal , Singla Tanvi , Jindal Jyoti , Sethi Suman , Chhabra Sandeep , Berry Amit , Dhooria Harmeet Singh , Singh Akashdeep , Garg Vikas , Jain Dinesh , Mahajan Rajesh , Gautam Parshotam Lal , Midha Vandana , Mohan Bishav 
Published: November 2021

Background:
India recently encountered fierce second wave of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and scarcity of novel medications added to the management challenges. Various studies have highlighted the effectiveness of tocilizumab and high-dose steroids in severe COVIDs, but none has compared their efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective multi-centric analysis compares intravenous tocilizumab (8 mg/kg/day, maximum dose-800 mg), and intravenous Methylprednisolone Pulse (MPS-1 g/day for 3 days) in severe COVID-19. Both the groups had additionally received the standard of care COVID treatment as per protocol. Outcomes were assessed at 30 days.

Results:
A total of 336 patients, with 249 receiving MPS and 87 receiving tocilizumab were compared. Majority of these were males (72.9%) with a mean age of 57.4 ± 13.6 years. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity. Patients in both groups had comparable age distribution, comorbidities, presenting mean-arterial pressures, d-Dimer levels, serum ferritin, serum leukocyte-dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin. However, the tocilizumab group had more number of males, higher incidence of coronary artery disease, more tachypnea and leukocytosis, more number of patients with severe acute respiratory disease syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 ratio <100), and higher C-reactive protein levels at presentation. Both groups had comparable adverse events' profile. Tocilizumab group had lesser requirement of invasive ventilation than MPS group (17% vs. 29%, P = 0.038), however mortality at the end of 30 days follow-up was similar (36% vs. 34% respectively; P = 0.678).

Conclusions:
Tocilizumab decreased the need for invasive ventilation in severe COVID-19; however, it did not translate to improved survival. A planned prospective randomized study is recommended in this respect to compare their efficacy.
Oral health assessment in children aging 8–15 years with bronchial asthma using inhalation medication
Authors: Bansal Vaibhav , Reddy Kolli V.G. , Shrivastava Sugandh , Dhaded Sunil , Noorani Syed Mohammed , Shaikh Mohd. Ikram 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare oral health status of bronchial asthma patients between the age group of 8–15 years with healthy individuals and examines the relationship between the severity of asthma, dose duration, method of taking medication, and use of AeroChamber on the dental health of children diagnosed with asthma.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study assessed the oral status of asthmatic patients and compared with a control group of 200 nonasthmatic patients. Both groups were matched in relation to age and gender. The oral health was assessed by measuring oral hygiene, caries status, periodontal health, and candidiasis of participants. Oral hygiene was measured by plaque index, caries assessment was done with the decayed missing filled teeth index/decayed extracted filled (DMFT/def index) and the periodontal status was measured with community periodontal index (CPI) adapted from the WHO (1997).

Results:
Plaque index score among asthmatics group was 1.49 ± 0.65 was significantly higher than healthy group 1.08 ± 0.57. The significant difference was noted in the mean caries (DMFT/def) score for asthmatic patients (2.31 ± 1.65/1.02 ± 0.39) and the controls (1.98 ± 1.54/0.74 ± 0.39). The CPI score was also significantly high in asthmatics (3.19 ± 1.68) in comparison to healthy individuals (2.32 ± 2.07). The candidiasis was absent in healthy individuals while it was present among 28 patients in the asthmatic group. The patients who were taking medication from longer period of time (9–12 months) had significantly worse oral health. The study result did not show any significant difference with the type of inhalation. However it showed significantly improved oral health for patients using AeroChamber in comparison to the patients not using it.

Conclusion:
Oral health was significantly poor in asthmatic patients in comparison with the healthy individuals. Increased frequency of asthma medication use was associated with increased likelihood of poor oral health. Use of AeroChamber improves the oral health of patients.
The low-velocity encounter of asteroid 2006 RH120 with the Earth
Authors: Емельяненко Н.Ю. , Нароенков С.А. 
Published: November 2021

Исследовано низкоскоростное сближение астероида 2006 RH120 с Землей в 2006 г. Это первый наблюдаемый астероид с длительным временным гравитационным захватом в сферу Хилла Земли. Выполнено моделирование движения объектов из области низкоскоростных сближений малых тел с Землей. Обнаружены объекты с временными спутниковыми захватами в смысле Эверхарта. Найден объект, подобный астероиду 2006 RH120.
The low-velocity encounter of the asteroid 2006 RH120 with the Earth in 2006 has been investigated. This is the first observed asteroid with a long-term gravitational capture into the Hill sphere of the Earth. The modeling of the motion of objects from the area of low-velocity approaches of small bodies with the Earth is carried out. Objects with temporary satellite captures in the sense of Everhart have been detected. An object similar to the asteroid 2006 RH120 has been found.
A sulfur dioxide Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA): application to TROPOMI reveals new emission sources
Authors: Theys Nicolas , Fioletov Vitali , Li Can , De Smedt Isabelle , Lerot Christophe , McLinden Chris , Krotkov Nickolay , Griffin Debora , Clarisse Lieven , Hedelt Pascal , Loyola Diego , Wagner Thomas , Kumar Vinod , Innes Antje , Ribas Roberto , Hendrick François , Vlietinck Jonas , Brenot Hugues , Van Roozendael Michel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Sensitive and accurate detection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from space is
important for monitoring and estimating global sulfur emissions. Inspired by
detection methods applied in the thermal infrared, we present here a new
scheme to retrieve SO2 columns from satellite observations of
ultraviolet back-scattered radiances. The retrieval is based on a
measurement error covariance matrix to fully represent the SO2-free
radiance variability, so that the SO2 slant column density is the only
retrieved parameter of the algorithm. We demonstrate this approach, named
COBRA, on measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite. We show that the method
reduces significantly both the noise and biases present in the current
TROPOMI operational DOAS SO2 retrievals. The performance of
this technique is also benchmarked against that of the principal component
algorithm (PCA) approach. We find that the quality of the data is similar
and even slightly better with the proposed COBRA approach. The ability of
the algorithm to retrieve SO2 accurately is further supported
by comparison with ground-based observations. We illustrate the great
sensitivity of the method with a high-resolution global SO2 map,
considering 2.5 years of TROPOMI data. In addition to the known
sources, we detect many new SO2 emission hotspots worldwide.
For the largest sources, we use the COBRA data to estimate SO2 emission
rates. Results are comparable to other recently published TROPOMI-based
SO2 emissions estimates, but the associated uncertainties are
significantly lower than with the operational data. Next, for a limited
number of weak sources, we demonstrate the potential of our data for
quantifying SO2 emissions with a detection limit of about 8 kt yr−1, a factor of 4 better than the emissions derived from the Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We anticipate that the systematic use of our
TROPOMI COBRA SO2 column data set at a global scale will allow missing sources to be identified and quantified and help improve SO2
emission inventories.
Ações de extensão, o direito à memória e as questões étnico raciais no espaço escolar
Authors: Domingues Andrea Silva , Pinto Benedita Celeste de Moraes , Bastos Ghislaine Dias da Costa , Carmo Eraldo Souza do , Rocha Raryson Maciel 
Published: November 2021

Com o intuito de refletir sobre as questões Étnico Raciais, a Cultura, a Memória, e sobre o modo como essas questões vem sendo significadas pelo discurso dentro do espaço escolar; este artigo tem como objetivo abordar as ações de extensão realizadas por um grupo de pesquisadores, que buscaram efetivar diferentes frentes de ação extensionistas que pudessem contribuir com a formação de profissionais da educação na Amazônia Tocantina. Como resultados foi possível identificar um crescimento constante do índice de interesse e envolvimento não só dos educadores, mas de representantes, líderes sindicais nas discussões realizadas pelos projetos de extensão e na seleção de ingressos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação e Cultura da UFPA; com temáticas étnico raciais; fazendo desta forma um uso mais democrático do espaço universitário por parte destas comunidades afro-indígenas.
Palavras -Chave: Extensão. Memória. Amazônia. Quilombolas. Indígenas
Факторы, влияющие на состояние наркоситуации в субъектах Северо-Западного федерального округа России
Authors: Абсатаров Роман Рифович 
Published: November 2021

Наркотизация населения оказывает негативное влияние на здоровье нации, криминогенную обстановку, экономическое развитие, демографию. По оценкам экспертов федерального проекта «Трезвая Россия», только экономические потери от последствий, связанных с употреблением наркотиков в России в 2019 г., составили 4,1 трлн. руб. (около 3,7% от ВВП России). Вместе с тем, успешное противодействие наркотизации населения не может быть осуществлено без комплексного анализа состояния наркотизации, складывающейся на определенной территории, установления факторов, которые оказывают негативное влияние на неё или наоборот подавляют. Они должны обязательно учитываться при разработке антинаркотических программ. К сожалению, в отечественной научной литературе явно недостаточно работ, в которых рассматривались бы факторы, влияющие на состояние наркоситуации в территориальном плане. В связи с этим автором поставлена цель установить основные факторы, влияющие на состояние наркоситуации в субъектах СЗФО. Сила связи между отдельными показателями состояния наркоситуации и другими социальными явлениями, уровнем развития инфраструктуры устанавливалась на основе статистических методов, среди которых особо следует выделить метод корреляционного анализа. В ходе проведенного исследования были не только установлены основные факторы, влияющие на состояние наркоситуации, но и динамика силы их влияния во времени. Например, такие факторы как плотность населения, уровень развития транспортной инфраструктуры стали оказывать меньшее воздействие на уровень наркотизации населения. Вместе с тем, влияние таких факторов, как низкий уровень доходов, организация досуга населения, занятия спортом, остается по-прежнему высоким. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы органами государственной власти, а также иными лицами при принятии решений, связанных с выработкой антинаркотических мер.
Interacción de las inteligencias lingüística y musical y su impacto sobre la adquisición de una lengua extranjera
Authors: Briceño Núñez Chess Emmanuel , Durán Moreno Erika A. 
Published: November 2021

This document contains a descriptive research, which aims to demonstrate the relationship between linguistic and musical intelligences and their influence on the acquisition of a foreign language. The study had an interdisciplinary approach. From a population of 1000 students aged between 12 and 17 years, a sample of 448 students residing in the city of Lima (Peru) was included, whom in addition to being language students in their educational institutions, were regular students of music. To collect the information, a "TEST VRIMYL" or "Test for the assessment of the relationship between musical and linguistic intelligences" was applied (Briceño & Durán, 2021), conformed of 11 items, of which 10 of them are nominal dichotomous scale, and one multiple-choice. The results obtained demonstrate a positive relationship between music learning and language development, concluding that music students have a natural and inadvertent affinity for learning one or more foreign languages.
Programa de simulación en Simscape de un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía para refrigeración
Authors: González González Carlos R. 
Published: November 2021

A new application on Simscape was developed with the goal to have a tool for simulating the behavior of a zeolite device attached to a standard refrigerator. The program has based on the Simscape example 1.454 from MATLAB R2015a, with the energy storing device placed between the evaporator and the compressor. The environmental temperature was considered as a segmented linear function. In order to keep the application running faster, an ode23t solver had to be used instead of the original ode23. The program was applied to a case study, consisting of a medium size refrigerator with a non-optimal zeolite device, only for examining the program performance. A comparison was carried out between the original Simscape example for the 1.454 model and the present application. Sspeed and robustness for the medium size simulated refrigerators was obtained. Large size refrigerators have not examined.
Uma visita à Ombala Ndala Kandumbu: contribuição para a historiografia dos Reinos Ovimbundu
Authors: Kandjo João Sicato 
Published: November 2021

This work presents a practical research that was conducted at Ombala Kandumbu to contribute to the construction of the Historiography of the kingdoms Ovimbundu, through the leadership of its chiefman, namely, Nondolo, Ndala Kandumbu, Jaime Santos (powerless collaborator of the whitemen), Kacikwalula, Yulembi and Semente. Similarly to others, Ombala has also experienced the Portuguese invasion and occupation during the 20th century. The relevance of Kandumbu's boulder, consists in making known and valuing the Local History of Huambo Province, Angola, Africa and Universal, which can be framed in the disciplines of African History, History of Angola, Cultural History, Oral Tradition and African Cultures, Archaeology and Practical Archaeology, among others. It is ipsus factus that only after the Berlin conference in 1884-1885, taking into account the principle of effective occupation, that forced the Portuguese to occupy the interior of Angola, for the case of Huambo Province, happened at the beginning of the 20th century, more precisely in 1902, which means the aforementioned Ombala was also occupied during the 20th century, as it is part of Huambo Province.
Ciclo escolar inédito: La educación enfrenta la contingencia; antes y durante de la pandemia
Authors: Arce-Peralta Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2021

The school year was ended in advance by the government authorities, first at the state level and later at the national level, therefore it was necessary to review the statistical documents, which show the data on the days worked and the eventualities that occurred in this period. Thus the time that remains pending to work in the educational centers, so that an emergent strategy of education from their homes was implemented known as “learning at home”. Through visual representation such as tables and graphs, the information was shown to conclude the reliability of 72% of the activities carried out, leaving only 28% pending, however, the school must maintain its essence, which is to educate its students to be hard-working, responsible citizens and participatory.
Croyances d’adultes québécois de 70 ans et plus à l’égard du respect du confinement pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 : étude qualitative descriptive
Authors: Boucher Danielle , Savard Catherine , Beaulieu Dominique , Ouellet Nicole , Gagnon Dominique , Boudreau François 
Published: November 2021

Introduction : Les adultes de 70 ans et plus vivant dans la communauté, vulnérables à des complications sévères dues à la COVID-19, ne seraient pas systématiquement enclins à respecter le confinement. Objectifs : 1) Identifier les croyances de ces personnes concernant le respect du confinement et 2) connaître les actions qu’elles ont prises pour répondre aux mesures de confinement. Méthodes : Basée sur l’Approche de l’Action Raisonnée, une étude qualitative descriptive a été effectuée afin d’identifier les croyances saillantes des personnes âgées en regard du respect du confinement et les actions entreprises pour le respecter. Les données ont été collectées à l’été 2020 lors d’entretiens téléphoniques auprès de personnes âgées habitant à domicile ou en résidences privées pour aînés. Résultats : Les participants (N = 41) âgés de 70-97 ans provenaient de cinq régions du Québec. La privation du contact avec les proches constitue le principal inconvénient rapporté par les participants. La famille représente le groupe le plus influent qui approuve le confinement. Le maintien du contact avec elle et son soutien en facilitent le respect. Le fait de se rendre à des rendez-vous médicaux était la seule barrière perçue au confinement. Les actions qui ressortent de l’analyse thématique pour respecter le confinement sont : sortir le moins possible de chez soi, s’occuper de façon solitaire, s’abstenir de recevoir ou visiter les proches et pratiquer la distanciation physique. Discussion et conclusion : Diverses stratégies telles que des interventions individualisées ou l’accès à des rencontres virtuelles avec les proches sont proposées.