bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
АНАЛІЗ ТА ВИРІШЕННЯ КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЇ ТА ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЧНОЇ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ BLOCKCHAIN
Authors: Obushnyi Sergiy , Kravchenko Roman , Khatskevych Leonid , Nekrasov Sergii , Frantsiian Artem 
Published: May 2021

У цьому дослідженні автори сформулювали, проаналізували та розв’язали концептуальну та термінологічну проблему використання терміна та визначення концепції Blockchain, беручи до уваги їх вплив на розвиток послідовних теоретичних знань та правильного практичного досвіду в предметних областях його застосування. Для досягнення мети цього дослідження автори запропонували рішення у вигляді авторського визначення концепції Blockchain, заснованого на аналізі значень, виведенні їх класифікації та ідентифікації характеристик цього поняття.
Ядро дослідницького аналізу, засноване на критерії близькості визначення до вихідного значення, яке було вкладено в концепцію авторами, які заклали теоретичні та практичні основи для області децентралізованих обчислень, машин та мереж.
Для отримання визначення поняття Blockchain автори застосували метод, заснований на виявленні та аналізі двох типів умов у концепції Blockchain: властивостей та характеристик. Таким чином, для формування визначення були обрані характеристики (достатні умови), що характеризують і розкривають зміст явища.
Дослідження починається з реконструкції етимології і, отже, основного значення концепції блокчейн. Далі автори проводять інвентаризацію та систематизують набір існуючих визначень. На основі аналізу цього набору пропонується 3-х типова класифікація інтерпретацій концепцій Blockchain.
Ключовим результатом дослідження є аналіз та декомпозиція визначень на властивості та характеристики. Згодом він синтезується у вигляді авторського визначення, що має властивість унікальності, точності, повноти, надійності, релевантності та об’єктивності.
Щоб знайти рішення проблеми, автори використовують аналітичні лінгвістичні підходи: інвентаризація визначень, аналіз визначень, нормалізація термінів та різноманітність існуючих визначень та кодифікація.
Застосований внесок дослідження, який виходить за основні межі, полягає у підготовці матеріалу, що відповідає класу проблем стандарту ISO 22739 технології Blockchain та DLT.
СТАТИСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КРЕАТИВНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Ishchuk Yaroslava 
Published: May 2021

Усвідомлення провідної ролі та беззаперечно важливого значення культури в економічній сфері призвело до виникнення креативної економіки. Особливістю креативної економіки є те, що в її основі знаходиться «духовна» складова, яка зберігається та передається за допомогою людської творчості, культури та унікального (креативного) бачення звичних речей. В свою чергу це дало потужний поштовх для подальшого соціально-економічного розвитку в усьому світі, але уже в рамках креативної економіки. Стрімкий розвиток цифровізації посприяв не менш стрімкому розвиткові креативних індустрій, які було згруповано у сектори креативної економіки, що частково взаємодіють між собою.
Вивчення та оцінювання креативних індустрій сьогодні не є достатнім і часто обмежене, що пояснюється відсутністю необхідних для глибокого дослідження даних. Існуюче статистичне забезпечення наразі не може задовольнити потреби дослідників у даних, які характеризуються оперативністю та унікальністю, що в першу чергу обумовлюється специфікою цих індустрій, де матеріальна складова тісно поєднана з «духовною».
У статті досліджено теоретико-методологічні засади креативної економіки. Зазначено, що розробка та впровадження Нової європейської програми з культури має важливе значення для подальшого розвитку і становлення креативних індустрій. Проаналізовано та виявлено недоліки в існуючій системі статистичних показників, яка характеризує креативну економіку.
На основі проведеного дослідження статистичного забезпечення креативної економіки зроблено висновок про доцільність імплементації Індексу щастя у методологію оцінювання Глобального індексу креативності, а також використання big data для удосконалення вивчення креативних індустрій, з метою отримання ґрунтовних, унікальних та специфічних даних для подальшого оцінювання цієї категорії індустрій.
THE CURRENT STATE OF INFORMATION AND ECONOMIC CRIMES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kostovyat Hanna , Serzhanov Vitaliy 
Published: May 2021

Considered the quality of the investigation of information and economic crimes in Ukraine, carried out the analysis of the current state of cybersecurity and economic crimes, which have a negative impact on the modern state of the country. The concepts of "economic security", "economic crime" and "cybercrime", which is closely related to each other criminal acts: cybercrime and cybercrime" are defined. A comparative analysis of economic crimes for the third quarter is provided 2020, the dynamics of GDP of Ukraine, the rating of the economic state of security of the country.
The level of information and economic crimes remains high, which is characterized by various consequences for the state, companies, citizens than ever before. Every year in Ukraine, the number of victims of cybercrime increases, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, which made adjustments to the activities of organizations at the local and state levels
The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of cybersecurity and economic crimes that negatively affect the current state of the country, to highlight the main problems of the national cyber defense system.
The economic status of the country is the main criterion for assessing a developed society, since the economy ensures a decent standard of living, the existence of the country and its progress.
In order to ensure the fundamental development of the state's economy, it is necessary to create an appropriate production base, because the decline in production and its low efficiency are an important reason for the dependence of the Ukrainian economy on foreign markets, that is, its low level of economic security. It is also necessary to pay attention to criminal cases related to cybercrime, which operate in accordance with outdated methods that do not facilitate the collection of evidence or the completion of a decision on the case.
Conducting Research on Muslims in the Age of Dichotomies: Ethics, Politics and Responsibilities
Authors: Özturk Ahmet Erdi , Abdelkader Deina 
Published: May 2021

Global politics has always existed in an environment brimming with intricacies and transformations. Wars, natural disasters and treaties have both directly and indirectly impacted the state of global politics in addition to societies and individuals. These interactions certainly influence the flow of history while concurrently dictating the relationships between societies. Identity and its constitutive elements have consistently occupied a determinant position in this context and continue to do so (Gellner 1987; Gurses and Ozturk 2020; Douglas 2003; Daniel 2017). And pre-eminent among these and, no doubt, one of the most primal codes of identity is religion (Lybarger 2018; Ozturk 2021; Cassese and Holman 2017). Contrary to arguments that the world is becoming secularised, and that secularisation is an inevitable phenomenon, religion has persistently once more that it is more durable relative to various other normative values, and it persistently emphasises its presence in individuals, societies and politics (Saeed 2017; Fox 2019; Haynes and Wilson 2019). This indicates that religion will maintain this degree of influence for a very long time. We have both witnessed numerous incidents in which religion was a central element and, it seems, will continue to observe myriad instances demonstrating religion’s influence as an auxiliary actor.
The Literary Geography of Meaning in the Maqāmāt of al-Hamadhānī and al-Ḥarīrī
Authors: bin Tyeer Sarah R. 
Published: May 2021

This chapter proposes that the city plays a meaning-making role in the maqāmāt of al-Hamadhānī and al-Ḥarīrī, offering interpretative strategies through their literary geographies. Both the semantic and legal geographies in the work of these two authors are highlighted through two main foci. I propose that al-Hamadhānī's featured cities belong to the geography of the “familiar,” where the language use of the protagonist, al-Iskandarī, would be comprehensible as the linguistic play that it is inside the Arabic literary geography he inhabits. In this respect, the space of the familiar becomes a metonymy of semantic stability and the tools of adab. On the other hand, I argue that the literary geography acts as a frame to both moral and legal stability in the maqāmāt of these authors. The protagonist of al-Ḥarīrī’s maqāmāt, al-Sarūjī, abuses the stability of the city’s legal geography for his benefit. While the legal framework of the city may not be productive for al-Iskandarī, the protagonist of al-Hamadhānī’s maqāmāt, the city and its laws are conducive to al-Sarūjī’s plans. The city therefore acts as a border in the maqāmāt for both semantic as well as moral and legal stability and law enforcement.
Everyday Writing in an Extraordinary City
Authors: Hayek Ghenwa 
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses emergent literary tactics for writing about Beirut by a new generation of Lebanese authors who take to task western and local exoticisations of the city and its recent history of urban conflict and its aftermath. In texts like 32 and Always Coca-Cola, Sahar Mandour and Alexandra Chreiteh parody these modes of writing Beirut. Instead, they insist on the everydayness of Beirut as a way of reclaiming the city from narratives of its exceptionalism.
‘Some Grand Secreter’: Secrecy and Exposure in Blackwood’s
Authors: Schoenfield Mark 
Published: May 2021

The paradoxical compulsions toward both secrecy and display in early Blackwood’s exemplified the interplay between revelation and concealment that became one of the Romantic-era magazine’s standard modes. This essay shows how, from its inaugural issue of October 1817, Blackwood’s veered between secrecy, suppositions, and disclosures, epitomizing how the construction of secrecy serves as a method for the dissemination of multiple perspectives, identities, and information. Secrecy and exposure are at the heart of one of Blackwood’s—and Romantic print culture’s—fundamental rhetorical moves: the construction of secret knowledge that produces (the sensation and illusion of) shared public intimacy.
‘These are ordinary things’: Regulation of Death under the AKP Regime
Authors: Bakıner Onur 
Published: May 2021

Turkey is far from being the most violent place in the world, but for those who find themselves vulnerable due to their socioeconomic, political, and gender identities and positions, death is an all-too-real possibility. Large-scale death as a result of government action, complicity or inaction is nothing new in Turkey, but I argue that the AKP regime has enacted a remarkable shift in how courts and government officials address incidents resulting in death, what ordinary citizens are allowed to know and discuss about those deaths, and what kinds of demands for redress the relatives of the deceased can make. I identify four strategies through which the AKP regime regulates death: (1) the expansion of martyrdom, a concept hitherto used as a religious justification for military casualties, into the civilian sphere, and the increasing distribution of material benefits through formal laws and informal government discretion regulating civilian and military conceptions of martyrdom; (2) the normalisation of death as an inherent feature of some citizens’ occupational, and socioeconomic, and in some cases, gender position; (3) the depoliticisation of death to eliminate the risk of dissident mobilisation after deadly incidents; and (4) controlling the narrative around the news of death to maintain discursive hegemony.
The Wounds of Rhetoric: Derrida on Condillac and Rousseau
Authors: Gaston Sean 
Published: May 2021

The publication of Derrida's fragment Le Calcul des langues — Distyle offers an insight into Derrida's negotiation with empiricism and his rethinking of rhetoric in the early 1970s. Delineating Condillac's pervasive idealization of empiricism, Derrida gestures to a pain-becoming-pleasure and pleasure-becoming-pain that resists the fixed identity of the proper body. His emphasis on the pains and wounds of rhetoric registers both the limits of Condillac's philosophical project (rhetoric re-marks the excess of metaphor and the sensuous origins of language) and the possibility of another kind of empiricism, of the gaps that border on the word and the body. The article includes a reading of rhetoric and sex in Rousseau, as a gesture to Derrida's still unpublished seminar on rhetoric. It closes with an examination of the two-columned nature of Derrida's work, which ends mid-word (on the left) and mid-sentence (on the right).
Mitf Involved in Innate Immunity by Activating Tyrosinase-Mediated Melanin Synthesis in Pteria penguin
Authors: Yu Feifei , Lu Yishan , Zhong Zhiming , Qu Bingliang , Wang Meifang , Yu Xiangyong , Chen Jiayu 
Published: May 2021

The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is an important transcription factor that plays a key role in melanogenesis, cell proliferation, survival and immune defense in vertebrate. However, its function and function mechanism in bivalve are still rarely known. In this research, first, a Mitf gene was characterized from Pteria penguin (P. penguin). The PpMitf contained an open reading frame of 1,350 bp, encoding a peptide of 449 deduced amino acids with a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) domain. The PpMITF shared 55.7% identity with amino acid sequence of Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas). Tissue distribution analysis revealed that PpMitf was highly expressed in mantle and hemocytes, which were important tissues for color formation and innate immunity. Second, the functions of PpMitf in melanin synthesis and innate immunity were identified. The PpMitf silencing significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis of P. penguin. Meanwhile, the PpMitf silencing clearly down-regulated the expression of PpBcl2 (B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene) and antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, indicating that PpMitf involved in innate immunity of P. penguin. Third, the function mechanism of PpMitf in immunity was analyzed. The promoter sequence analysis of tyrosinase (Tyr) revealed two highly conserved E-box elements, which were specifically recognized by HLH-LZ of MITF. The luciferase activities analysis showed that Mitf could activate the E-box in Tyr promoter through highly conserved bHLH-LZ domain, and demonstrated that PpMitf involved in melanin synthesis and innate immunity by regulating tyrosinase expression. Finally, melanin from P. penguin, the final production of Mitf-Tyr-melanin pathway, was confirmed to have direct antibacterial activity. The results collectively demonstrated that PpMitf played a key role in innate immunity through activating tyrosinase-mediated melanin synthesis in P. penguin.
Procalcitonin and Interleukin-10 May Assist in Early Prediction of Bacteraemia in Children With Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Doerflinger Marcel , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Li-Wai-Suen Connie S. N. , Clark Julia E. , Slavin Monica , Babl Franz E. , Allaway Zoe , Mechinaud Francoise , Smyth Gordon K. , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Phillips Bob , Pellegrini Marc , Thursky Karin A. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesFebrile neutropenia (FN) causes treatment disruption and unplanned hospitalization in children with cancer. Serum biomarkers are infrequently used to stratify these patients into high or low risk for serious infection. This study investigated plasma abundance of cytokines in children with FN and their ability to predict bacteraemia.MethodsThirty-three plasma cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured using ELISA assays in samples taken at FN presentation (n = 79) and within 8–24 h (Day 2; n = 31). Optimal thresholds for prediction of bacteraemia were identified and the predictive ability of biomarkers in addition to routinely available clinical variables was assessed.ResultsThe median age of included FN episodes was 6.0 years and eight (10%) had a bacteraemia. On presentation, elevated PCT, IL-10 and Mip1-beta were significantly associated with bacteraemia, while CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were not. The combination of PCT (≥0.425 ng/ml) and IL-10 (≥4.37 pg/ml) had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.8–100%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 80.0–95.0%) for prediction of bacteraemia, correctly identifying all eight bacteraemia episodes and classifying 16 FN episodes as high-risk. There was limited additive benefit of incorporating clinical variables to this model. On Day 2, there was an 11-fold increase in PCT in episodes with a bacteraemia which was significantly higher than that observed in the non-bacteraemia episodes.ConclusionElevated PCT and IL-10 accurately identified all bacteraemia episodes in our FN cohort and may enhance the early risk stratification process in this population. Prospective validation and implementation is required to determine the impact on health service utilisation.
Readmission Trends Related to Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Treatment
Authors: Mehta Tapan , Desai Ninad , Patel Smit , Male Shailesh , Khan Adam , Grande Andrew Walker , Tummala Ramachandra Prasad , Jagadeesan Bharathi Dasan 
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with high mortality. Prophylactic treatment of the unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is considered in a select group of patients thought to be at high for aneurysmal rupture. Hospital readmission rates can serve as a surrogate marker for the safety and cost-effectiveness of treatment options for UIAs; we present an analysis of the 30-day rehospitalization rates and predictors of readmission following UIA treatment with surgical and endovascular approaches.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the National Readmission Database (NRD) derived from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for the year 2014. The cohort included patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of a treated unruptured aneurysm. The primary outcome variable was the 30-day readmission rate in open surgical vs. endovascularly treated groups. The secondary outcomes included predictors of readmissions, and causes of 30-day readmissions in these two groups.Results: The 30-day readmission rate for the surgical group was 8.37% compared to 4.87% for the endovascular group. The index hospitalization duration was longer in the surgical group. A larger proportion of the patients readmitted following surgical treatment were hypertensive (76.35, vs. 63.43%), but the prevalence of other medical comorbidities was comparable in the two treatment groups.Conclusions: There is a higher likelihood for 30-day readmission, longer duration of initial hospitalization and a lower likelihood of discharge home following surgical treatment of UIAs when compared to endovascular treatment. These findings, however, do not demonstrate long-term superiority of one specific treatment modality.
Trends in Prevalence and Severity of Pre/Perinatal Cerebral Palsy Among Children Born Preterm From 2004 to 2010: A SCPE Collaboration Study
Authors: Arnaud Catherine , Ehlinger Virginie , Delobel-Ayoub Malika , Klapouszczak Dana , Perra Oliver , Hensey Owen , Neubauer David , Hollódy Katalin , Virella Daniel , Rackauskaite Gija , Greitane Andra , Himmelmann Kate , Ortibus Els , Dakovic Ivana , Andersen Guro L. , Papavasiliou Antigone , Sellier Elodie , Platt Mary Jane , Krägeloh-Mann Inge 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To report on prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP), severity rates, and types of brain lesions in children born preterm 2004 to 2010 by gestational age groups.Methods: Data from 12 population-based registries of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe network were used. Children with CP were eligible if they were born preterm (&lt;37 weeks of gestational age) between 2004 and 2010, and were at least 4 years at time of registration. Severity was assessed using the impairment index. The findings of postnatal brain imaging were classified according to the predominant pathogenic pattern. Prevalences were estimated per 1,000 live births with exact 95% confidence intervals within each stratum of gestational age: ≤27, 28–31, 32–36 weeks. Time trends of both overall prevalence and prevalence of severe CP were investigated using multilevel negative binomial regression models.Results: The sample comprised 2,273 children. 25.8% were born from multiple pregnancies. About 2-thirds had a bilateral spastic CP. 43.5% of children born ≤27 weeks had a high impairment index compared to 37.0 and 38.5% in the two other groups. Overall prevalence significantly decreased (incidence rate ratio per year: 0.96 [0.92–1.00[) in children born 32–36 weeks. We showed a decrease until 2009 for children born 28–31 weeks but an increase in 2010 again, and a steady prevalence (incidence rate ratio per year = 0.97 [0.92–1.02] for those born ≤27 weeks. The prevalence of the most severely affected children with CP revealed a similar but not significant trend to the overall prevalence in the corresponding GA groups. Predominant white matter injuries were more frequent in children born &lt;32 weeks: 81.5% (≤27 weeks) and 86.4% (28–31 weeks), compared to 63.6% for children born 32–36 weeks.Conclusion: Prevalence of CP in preterm born children continues to decrease in Europe excepting the extremely immature children, with the most severely affected children showing a similar trend.
Diagnostic Accuracy of PET for Differentiating True Glioma Progression From Post Treatment-Related Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cui Meng , Zorrilla-Veloz Rocío Isabel , Hu Jian , Guan Bing , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PET with different radiotracers and parameters in differentiating between true glioma progression (TPR) and post treatment-related change (PTRC).Methods: Studies on using PET to differentiate between TPR and PTRC were screened from the PubMed and Embase databases. By following the PRISMA checklist, the quality assessment of included studies was performed, the true positive and negative values (TP and TN), false positive and negative values (FP and FN), and general characteristics of all the included studies were extracted. Results of PET consistent with reference standard were defined as TP or TN. The pooled sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (HSROC) were generated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.Results: The 33 included studies had 1,734 patients with 1,811 lesions suspected of glioma recurrence. Fifteen studies tested the accuracy of 18F-FET PET, 12 tested 18F-FDG PET, seven tested 11C-MET PET, and three tested 18F-DOPA PET. 18F-FET PET showed a pooled Sen and Spe of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.93) and 0.78 (0.69, 0.85), respectively. In the subgroup analysis of FET-PET, diagnostic accuracy of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) was higher than that of mixed-grade gliomas (Pinteraction = 0.04). 18F-FDG PET showed a pooled Sen and Spe of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.83) and 0.87 (0.80, 0.92), the Spe of the HGGs group was lower than that of the low-grade gliomas group (0.82 vs. 0.90, P = 0.02). 11C-MET PET had a pooled Sen and Spe of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.96) and 0.78 (0.69, 0.86). 18F-DOPA PET had a pooled Sen and Spe of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.89) and 0.70 (0.60, 0.79). FET-PET combined with MRI had a pooled Sen and Spe of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 0.76 (0.57, 0.88). Multi-parameters analysis of FET-PET had pooled Sen and Spe values of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.92) and 0.79 (0.63, 0.89).Conclusion: PET has a moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between TPR and PTRC. The high Sen of amino acid PET and high Spe of FDG-PET suggest that the combination of commonly used FET-PET and FDG-PET may be more accurate and promising, especially for low-grade glioma.