bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of soft computing techniques to optimize thermal parameters in a double heat exchanger with cylindrical turbulators
Authors: Kumar Shiva , Dinesha Pijakala 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the dimensions of the cylindrical turbulators have been optimized to achieve the highest thermal performance. A double pipe heat exchanger with cylindrical turbulators placed in the annulus side is modeled and a numerical simulation is carried out for different operating conditions. The simulation is conducted for different diameters of the turbulators for various Re for the annulus fluid. The Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and thermohydraulic performance index (THPI) are the responses simulated for the above different cases of input conditions. Response surface methodology has been used to study the influence of operating parameters on the responses. It is observed that Nu, f, and THPI increased as the Re and turbulator diameter increased. Response optimizer is used to optimize the turbulator diameter to obtain the highest thermal performance in terms of highest Nu and THPI and lowest f. The results indicated that maximum performance was obtained for a diameter of 4.45 mm and for a Re of 5530. The Nu and THPI corresponding to the above combinations are 68.4 and 2, respectively.
Incidence of second‐stage (fully dilated) cesarean sections and how best to represent it: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Rahim Asad , Lock Gareth , Cotzias Christina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo gather multicenter data on the incidence of second‐stage cesarean sections and suggest alternative methods by which the data can be represented.MethodsRetrospective, observational study over a 12‐month study period. Numbers of term, singleton live births were collated from each of six maternity units. Data were separated by mode of delivery—unassisted vaginal birth, assisted (instrumental) vaginal delivery and elective, first‐stage, and second‐stage cesarean sections. Second‐stage cesarean sections were expressed as a proportion of all deliveries, of all laboring women (i.e. excluding elective cesarean sections), and all women who reach full dilatation (i.e. excluding elective and first‐stage cesarean sections).ResultsOf the 28 867 deliveries included in the analysis, 493 of these were second‐stage cesarean sections. This represented an incidence of 1.7% of all deliveries, 2.0% of all women in labor, and 2.5% of all women who reach full dilatation.ConclusionSecond‐stage cesarean sections continue to be common. Safe delivery of a deeply impacted fetal vertex is essential in modern obstetric practice.
Albumin concentration is a candidate indicator for predicting the risk of calf venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery
Authors: Xin Xing , Huang Hailong , Lu Weixin , Li Yunli , Zeng Fanke , Wang Shaoshuai , Feng Ling 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the ability of albumin concentration to predict calf venous thromboembolism (cVTE) in gynecologic diseases.MethodsWe analyzed data from 761 patients from the gynecology department. We screened the serum albumin concentration as an important indicator for predicting cVTE through logistic analysis. The data were divided into albumin below 35 and 35 g/L or more. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to compare the predictive ability of albumin, D‐dimer, and a combination of these parameters as indicators for cVTE risk in different groups and subgroups.ResultsIn gynecologic diseases, the albumin concentrations were lower in the surgery and malignancy group than in the chemotherapy and benign disease group. Albumin concentration had a predictive ability for cVTE risk. In ovarian cancer patients with albumin concentrations less than 35 g/L, albumin was better than D‐dimer at predicting cVTE (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.87, P < 0.001 versus AUC 0.65, 95% CI 0.54–0.77, P = 0.016).ConclusionThe albumin concentration was a candidate indicator for predicting cVTE in surgical patients in the gynecology department, especially in ovarian cancer patients with albumin concentrations less than 35 g/L. A combination of the albumin and D‐dimer parameters may improve the predictive ability for cVTE.
Considering Possibilities to Promote Disciplinary Literacy Instruction in Mathematics
Authors: Enderson Mary C. , Colwell Jamie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this article, we use a case study to provide suggestions and lessons for considering mathematical literacy instruction. Preservice teachers in the study were provided coursework and support in designing mathematical literacy instruction, and then they incorporated that instruction into a field‐based practicum experience. We then studied their perceptions to consider how teachers might be supported in mathematical literacy instruction. Themes that emerged from analysis focused on the role of mathematical literacy in mathematics instruction, complexities of instantiating inquiry in mathematics instruction, and linking teacher education in mathematical literacy to the realities of secondary mathematics curricula and schooling. Findings are presented in the form of lessons gleaned from these themes that teachers, mathematics coaches, and teacher educators might use to provide support for mathematical literacy instruction and integration.
Knockdown of RpL36 in testes impairs spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fang Yang , Zong Qiong , He Zhen , Liu Chen , Wang Yu‐Feng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany ribosomal proteins (RPs) not only play essential roles in ribosome biogenesis, but also have “extraribosomal” functions in various cellular processes. RpL36 encodes ribosomal protein L36, a component of the 60S subunit of ribosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. We report here that RpL36 is required for spermatogenesis in D. melanogaster. After showing the evolutionary conservation of RpL36 sequences in animals, we revealed that the RpL36 expression level in fly testes was significantly higher than in ovaries. Knockdown RpL36 in fly testes resulted in a significantly decreased egg hatch rate when these males mated with wild‐type females. Furthermore, 76.67% of the RpL36 knockdown fly testes were much smaller in comparison to controls. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited that in the RpL36 knockdown testis hub cell cluster was enlarged, while the number of germ cells, including germ stem cells, was reduced. Knockdown of RpL36 in fly testis caused much fewer or no mature sperms in seminal vesicles. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) signal was stronger in RpL36 knockdown fly testes than in the control testes, but the TUNEL‐positive cells could not be stained by Vasa antibody, indicating that apoptotic cells are not germ cells. The percentage of pH3‐positive cells among the Vasa‐positive cells was significantly reduced. The expression of genes involved in cell death, cell cycle progression, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway was significantly changed by RpL36 knockdown in fly testes. These results suggest that RpL36 plays an important role in spermatogenesis, likely through JAK/STAT pathway, thus resulting in defects in cell‐cycle progression and cell death in D. melanogaster testes.
Are GMI gangliosidosis and Morquio type B two different disorders or part of one phenotypic spectrum?
Authors: Kingma Sandra D. K. , Ceulemans Berten , Kenis Sandra , Jonckheere An I. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GMI) gangliosidosis and Morquio type B (MorB) are two lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) caused by the same enzyme deficiency, β‐galactosidase (βgal). GMI gangliosidosis, associated with GMI ganglioside accumulation, is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by psychomotor regression, visceromegaly, cherry red spot, and facial and skeletal abnormalities. MorB is characterized by prominent and severe skeletal deformities due to keratan sulfate (KS) accumulation. There are only a few reports on intermediate phenotypes between GMI gangliosidosis and MorB. The presentation of two new patients with this rare intermediate phenotype motivated us to review the literature, to study differences and similarities between GMI gangliosidosis and MorB, and to speculate about the possible mechanisms that may contribute to the differences in clinical presentation. In conclusion, we hypothesize that GMI gangliosidosis and MorB are part of one phenotypic spectrum of the same disease and that the classification of LSDs might need to be revised.
Treatment Outcomes for Adolescents Versus Adults Receiving Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder During Community Training
Authors: LoSavio Stefanie T. , Murphy Robert A. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a gold‐standard treatment for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, adolescents may also benefit from CPT, particularly when existing evidence‐based treatments for adolescents are unavailable or not a good fit. In this program evaluation study, community‐based therapists participating in training delivered a modular version of CPT to 32 adolescents (age range: 14–17 years) and 174 adults recruited at their sites (overall sample: 81.1% female, 59.7% White, 31.6% Black, 21.6% Hispanic, 2.9% American Indian/Alaskan Native, 1.9% Asian, and 9.7% other race). The same protocol was used for adolescents as adults. Treatment outcomes, including treatment completion status, number of sessions needed, and PTSD and depression symptom change, were compared between groups. In total, 47.1% of adults versus 71.9% of adolescents completed treatment. Among completers, there was no between‐group difference in the number of attended sessions, RR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.88, 1.23], p = .576. Overall, in the full intent‐to‐treat sample (i.e., completers and noncompleters), large symptom reductions were observed for PTSD, b = −3.27, SE = 0.17, p < .001, d = 1.22; and depression, b = −0.82, SE = 0.07, p < .001, d = 0.84. There were no differences in the rate of change for adolescents versus adults regarding PTSD, b = −0.15, SE = 0.48, p = .759; or depression, b = −0.20, SE = 0.14, p = .181. These findings suggest that CPT is a viable treatment option for adolescents, who benefited from treatment and completed treatment at a high rate.
Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States
Authors: Bird Claire M. , Webb E. Kate , Schramm Andrew T. , Torres Lucas , Larson Christine , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared to their non‐Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested a link between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in a sample of traumatic injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past racial discrimination was associated with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and (b) discrimination prospectively contributed to the prediction of future PTSD symptoms. African American and/or Black patients (N= 113) were recruited from an emergency department in southeastern Wisconsin. Patients in the acute postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self‐report measures, with PTSD symptoms assessed using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale at 6‐month follow‐up. Bivariate associations indicated past racial discrimination was significantly related to acute PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure to racial discrimination significantly predicted PTSD symptoms at follow‐up, even after controlling for age, gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, social support, and lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest that experiences of racial discrimination add significant additional risk for PTSD symptom development following traumatic injury,R2= .16,F(6, 106) = 3.25,p= .006. Broadly, these findings add to the body of empirical evidence and personal testimonies of Black individuals in White‐centric societies asserting that racial discrimination affects mental health and overall well‐being and further highlight the recent call for racism to be classified as a public health crisis.
Fire Management Effects on Long‐Term Gopher Tortoise Population Dynamics
Authors: Hunter Elizabeth A. , Rostal David C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTLong‐term datasets are required to understand the response of long‐lived organisms (e.g., gopher tortoises [Gopherus polyphemus]) to management actions, such as prescribed burns. Our objective was to estimate the effects of prescribed burning on gopher tortoise population dynamics over decadal time frames at Fort Stewart Army Reserve, southeastern Georgia, USA. We captured and marked adult tortoises from 1994–2020. In addition, since the early 1990s, managers at Fort Stewart collected spatial records of prescribed burns; thus, we could compare demography of the population to prescribed burning. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model (open population Jolly‐Seber model) to estimate population parameters (emigration and survival, immigration and recruitment, and adult abundance) and their relationships with years since burn. We observed opposing responses to years since burn at 2 sites: abundance and the probability of staying (survival plus not emigrating) increased within 1 site when it had been more recently burned (F zones), but abundance and probability of staying in a second site increased when it had been longer since the site was burned (E zones). Some of these effects were weak but indicative of different responses to burning between the sites. Although the sites experienced similar burning regimes, they differed substantially in other habitat features: the F zones had almost twice the tree cover and lower soil sand composition, indicating that tortoise population responses to burning depend on habitat context. We inferred that the primary mechanism for demographic responses to years since burn was likely emigrating adults, which indicates the need for more detailed movement data. Our results demonstrate that gopher tortoise population responses to prescribed burning are complex, context dependent, and primarily influenced by tortoise movements. Therefore, prescribed burn plans may best accommodate spatially dynamic tortoise populations when they create spatial heterogeneity in burn ages within the range of typical tortoise movements. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
Erosion hazard evaluation for soil conservation planning that sustains life expectancy of the A‐horizon: The black soil region of China
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Wilson Glenn V. , Hao Yanfang , Han Xiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoil erosion is threatening crop production in the black soil region (BSR) of China. This study aims to: (i) evaluate soil erosion hazard for all sloping croplands in BSR; (ii) identify optimum soil conservation practices and propose a schedule for soil conservation. High‐quality spatial data were collected and converted to a map with 30‐m resolution for analysis, including consideration of climate, soil, gemology, topography, and land use. The current erosion hazard was evaluated with soil life expectancy of the A‐horizon (SLEA). The lands with SLEA < 0 yr, 0–20 yr, 20–100 yr, 100–1,000 yr, and ≥1,000 yr were classified as ‘Damaged’. ‘High hazard’, ‘Moderate hazard’, ‘Low hazard’, and ‘No hazard’ in erosion hazard degree, respectively. The result indicated that the current area ratio of these degrees was 8%, 5%, 22%, 61%, and 4%, respectively. Conservation practices are urgently needed. Moreover, optimum practices were identified by comparing SLEA, feasibility, and relative crop yield in the future (2020–2120) under several soil conservation scenarios. The optimum practices were found to be: (i) no‐till (zero‐tillage) for all ‘Damaged’, ‘High hazard’ in warmer BSR, and ‘Moderate’ in warmer BSR; (ii) Combo (a combination of contour tillage, terracing, and ‘green for grain’ measures) for ‘High hazard’ in cooler BSR and ‘Moderate’ in cooler BSR; (iii) maintaining present conditions for all ‘Low hazard’ and all ‘No hazard’. Practices should be implemented to assist ‘Damaged’ and ‘High hazard’ immediately, no later than 2040 for ‘Moderate hazard’ and at any time for ‘Low hazard’ and ‘No hazard’. The strategy suggested by this study is useful for soil conservation works in other regions.
Black Race Is Associated With Higher Rates of Early‐Onset End‐Stage Renal Disease and Increased Mortality Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Alvarado Meagan , Schaubel Douglas E. , Reddy K. Rajender , Bittermann Therese 
Published: March 2021

Black race is a risk factor for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Racial disparities in the risks of early and long‐term renal complications after liver transplantation (LT) have not been systematically studied. This study evaluated racial differences in the natural history of acute and chronic renal insufficiency after LT. This was a retrospective single‐center cohort study of 763 non‐Hispanic White and 181 Black LT recipients between 2008 and 2017. Black race was investigated as an independent predictor of the following outcomes: (1) receipt and duration of early post‐LT hemodialysis and (2) time to post‐LT ESRD. The interaction of race and post‐LT ESRD on survival was also studied. Black recipients had higher rates of pre‐LT hypertension (P < 0.001), but diabetes mellitus and renal function before LT were not different by race (all P > 0.05). Overall, 15.2% of patients required early hemodialysis immediately after LT with no difference by race (covariate‐adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; P = 0.71). Early dialysis discontinuation was lower among Black recipients (covariate‐adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.47; P = 0.02), whereas their rate of post‐LT ESRD was higher (aHR, 1.91; P = 0.005). Post‐LT survival after ESRD was markedly worse for Black (aHR, 11.18; P < 0.001) versus White recipients (aHR, 5.83; P < 0.001; interaction P = 0.08). Although Black and White LT recipients had comparable pretransplant renal function, post‐LT renal outcomes differed considerably, and the impact of ESRD on post‐LT survival was greater for Black recipients. This study highlights the need for an individualized approach to post‐LT management to improve outcomes for all patients.
Out‐of‐field dose assessment for a 1.5 T MR‐Linac with optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yan Shaojie , Cui Zhen , Wang Yungang , Li Zhenjiang , Yin Yong , Li Baosheng , Quan Hong , Zhu Jian 
Published: March 2021

PurposeTo assess the out‐of‐field surface and internal dose of the 1.5 T MR‐Linac compared to the conventional external beam linac using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs), and evaluate the out‐of‐field dose calculation accuracy of the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS) of the 1.5T MR‐Linac.MethodsA cubic solid water phantom, with OSLDs on the surface, was vertically irradiated by MR‐Linac square fields with different sizes. In addition, OSLDs were arranged out of the beam edges in four directions. An anthropomorphic adult phantom, with 125 cm3 simulated volume, was irradiated in four orthogonal directions by both MR‐Linac and conventional linac at the head, thoracic, and pelvic sites. Out‐of‐field doses were measured by OSLDs on both the surface and internal emulational organs at risk (OARs). The results were compared to the simulated dose from Monaco TPS.ResultsAt different field sizes (5 × 5 to 20 × 20 cm2) and distances (1 to 10 cm) to beam edge, the out‐of‐field surface dose measured on MR‐Linac varied from 0.16 % (10 cm to 5 × 5 cm2 edge) to 7.02 % (1 cm to 20 × 20 cm2 edge) of the maximum dose laterally and from 0.14 % (10 cm to 5 × 5 cm2 edge) to 8.56 % (1 cm to 20 × 20 cm2 edge) of the maximum dose longitudinally. Compared to the OSLDs measured data, the Monaco TPS presented an overestimate of the out‐of‐field dose of OARs at 0–2 % isodose area on both surface and internal check points, and the overestimation gets greater as the distance increases. The underestimation was found to be 0–35% at 2–5% isodose area on both surface and internal check points. Compared to the conventional linac, MR‐Linac delivered higher average values of out‐of‐field dose on surface check points (20%, 19%, 21%) and internal simulated OARs (42%, 37%, 9%) of the anthropomorphic phantom at head, thoracic, and pelvic irradiations, respectively.ConclusionsCompared to the conventional linac, MR‐Linac has the same out‐of‐field dose distribution. However, considering the absolute dose values, MR‐Linac delivered relatively higher out‐of‐field doses on both surface and internal OARs. Additional radiation shielding to patients undergoing MR‐Linac may provide protection from out‐of‐field exposure.
Point‐Counterpoint: Indirect Calorimetry Is Essential for Optimal Nutrition Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wischmeyer Paul E. , Molinger Jeroen , Haines Krista 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIatrogenic malnutrition and underfeeding are ubiquitous in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide for prolonged periods after ICU admission. A major driver leading to the lack of emphasis on timely ICU nutrition delivery is lack of objective data to guide nutrition care. If we are to ultimately overcome current fundamental challenges to effective ICU nutrition delivery, we must all adopt routine objective, longitudinal measurement of energy targets via indirect calorimetry (IC). Key evidence supporting the routine use of IC in the ICU includes (1) universal societal ICU nutrition guidelines recommending IC to determine energy requirements; (2) data showing predictive equations or body weight calculations that are consistently inaccurate and correlate poorly with measured energy expenditure, ultimately leading to routine overfeeding and underfeeding, which are both associated with poor ICU outcomes; (3) recent development and worldwide availability of a new validated, accurate, easy‐to‐use IC device; and (4) recent data in ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) showing progressive hypermetabolism throughout ICU stay, emphasizing the inaccuracy of predictive equations and marked day‐to‐day variability in nutrition needs. Thus, given the availability of a new validated IC device, these findings emphasize that routine longitudinal IC measures should be considered the new standard of care for ICU and post‐ICU nutrition delivery. As we would not deliver vasopressors without accurate blood pressure measurements, the ICU community is only likely to embrace an increased focus on the importance of early nutrition delivery when we can consistently provide objective IC measures to ensure personalized nutrition care delivers the right nutrition dose, in the right patient, at the right time to optimize clinical outcomes.