bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐brain quantitative CEST MRI at 7T using parallel transmission methods and correction
Authors: Liebert Andrzej , Tkotz Katharina , Herrler Jürgen , Linz Peter , Mennecke Angelika , German Alex , Liebig Patrick , Gumbrecht Rene , Schmidt Manuel , Doerfler Arnd , Uder Michael , Zaiss Moritz , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo enable whole‐brain quantitative CEST MRI at ultra‐high magnetic field strengths (B0 ≥ 7T) within short acquisition times.MethodsMultiple interleaved mode saturation (MIMOSA) was combined with fast online‐customized (FOCUS) parallel transmission (pTx) excitation pulses and correction to achieve homogenous whole‐brain coverage. Examinations of 13 volunteers were performed on a 7T MRI system with 3 different types of pulse sequences: (1) saturation in circular polarized (CP) mode and CP mode readout, (2) MIMOSA and CP readout, and (3) MIMOSA and FOCUS readout. For comparison, the inverse magnetic transfer ratio metric for relayed nuclear Overhauser effect and amide proton transfer were calculated. To investigate the number of required acquisitions for a good correction, 4 volunteers were measured with 6 different B1 amplitudes. Finally, time point repeatability was investigated for 6 volunteers.ResultsMIMOSA FOCUS sequence using correction, with both single and multiple points, reduced inhomogeneity of the CEST contrasts around the occipital lobe and cerebellum. Results indicate that the most stable inter‐subject coefficient of variation was achieved using the MIMOSA FOCUS sequence. Time point repeatability of MIMOSA FOCUS with single‐point correction showed a maximum coefficient of variation below 8% for 3 measurements in a single volunteer.ConclusionA combination of MIMOSA FOCUS with a single‐point correction can be used to achieve quantitative CEST measurements at ultra‐high magnetic field strengths. Compared to previous correction methods, acquisition time can be reduced as additional scans required for correction can be omitted.
Measurement of cellular‐interstitial water exchange time in tumors based on diffusion‐time‐dependent diffusional kurtosis imaging
Authors: Zhang Jin , Lemberskiy Gregory , Moy Linda , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: February 2021

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of using diffusion‐time‐dependent diffusional kurtosis imaging (tDKI) to measure cellular‐interstitial water exchange time (τex) in tumors, both in animals and in humans.MethodsPreclinical tDKI studies at 7 T were performed with the GL261 glioma model and the 4T1 mammary tumor model injected into the mouse brain. Clinical studies were performed at 3 T with women who had biopsy‐proven invasive ductal carcinoma. tDKI measurement was conducted using a diffusion‐weighted STEAM pulse sequence with multiple diffusion times (20‐800 ms) at a fixed echo time, while keeping the b‐values the same (0‐3000 s/mm2) by adjusting the diffusion gradient strength. The tDKI data at each diffusion time t were used for a weighted linear least‐squares fit method to estimate the diffusion‐time‐dependent diffusivity, D(t), and diffusional kurtosis, K(t).ResultsBoth preclinical and clinical studies showed that, when diffusion time t ≥ 200 ms, D(t) did not have a noticeable change while K(t) decreased monotonically with increasing diffusion time in tumors and t ≥ 100 ms for the cortical ribbon of the mouse brain. The estimated τex averaged median and interquartile range (IQR) of GL261 and 4T1 tumors were 93 (IQR = 89) ms and 68 (78) ms, respectively. For the cortical ribbon, the estimated τex averaged median and IQR were 41 (34) ms for C57BL/6 and 30 (17) ms for BALB/c. For invasive ductal carcinoma, the estimated τex median and IQR of the two breast cancers were 70 (94) and 106 (92) ms.ConclusionThe results of this proof‐of‐concept study substantiate the feasibility of using tDKI to measure cellular‐interstitial water exchange time without using an exogenous contrast agent.
The nurses’ occupational stress components and outcomes, findings from an integrative review
Authors: Okuhara Mihoka , Sato Kana , Kodama Yoshimi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo identify, evaluate and summarize the components, factors and outcomes of nurses’ occupational stress published between 2009–2019.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases for articles published in English, between 2009–2019.ResultsThe review included 132 studies. Most studies were conducted in the Confucian Asia and Anglo countries, but a growing number of studies were done in other countries. Almost all studies used a quantitative design, and changes in the use of scales indicated an increasing attention to career‐related components. Factors were categorized into sociodemographic, work environment and personal resources. Sociodemographic factors were inconsistent across countries. Outcomes were categorized into health status, capability, affective and behavioural responses to work, and organizational performance with generally consistent results. Model validation studies showed the non‐linear or non‐direct associations between stress and outcomes.
Diagnostics of care about environment: A systematic review through nursing taxonomies
Authors: González Aguña Alexandra , Fernández Batalla Marta , Monsalvo San Macario Enrique , Sarrión Bravo Juan Antonio , Jiménez Rodríguez María Lourdes , Santamaría García José María 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse the representation of the environment in nursing diagnostic taxonomies.DesignSystematic scoping review through nursing taxonomies.MethodsThe first phase identified nursing diagnostic taxonomies by systematic review. The diagnoses were associated with the environment by analysis of terms into the diagnosis label and definition. Data analysis was quantitative with frequency measurements. The second phase mapped the identified diagnoses to establish equivalences using analysis by terms in the diagnostic labels. Finally, the findings obtained in the first phase were compared with the OMAHA System.ResultsThe bibliographic search identified 112 studies and 16 standardized languages for diagnoses. NANDA‐I and ICNP were the most frequent taxonomies; ATIC, the most recent; and OMAHA, the oldest. 2,062 diagnoses from four diagnostic taxonomies were analysed, and 361 associations corresponding to 352 environmental diagnoses were identified. All taxonomies included the environment but with different weight relative to the interpersonal and geopolitical category.
Electrical resistivity monitoring of an earthslide with electrodes located outside the unstable zone (Pont‐Bourquin landslide, Swiss Alps)
Authors: Bièvre Grégory , Jongmans Denis , Lebourg Thomas , Carrière Simon 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn the past decade, passive seismic methods have shown the possibility to detect significant changes in surface wave velocity up to several days prior to landslide failure, even with sensors located outside the unstable zone. Electrical resistivity tomography has also long been used to monitor hydrological changes in landslides. However, the displacement of electrodes relative to each other during landslide movement induces a modification of the geometric factors and, hence, of the apparent resistivity. The first objective of this work is to evaluate the possibility of monitoring the Pont‐Bourquin landslide (Swiss Alps) with electrodes located outside the unstable zone. The second objective is to monitor both seismic velocity and electrical resistivity to get insights into the evolution with time of mechanical and hydrological parameters, respectively. The sliding mass was first imaged in three dimensions to produce a resistivity starting model for the further inversion of time‐lapse data. Daily time series (235 days from February to November 2015) showed that changes are detected but cannot be spatially localized, in agreement with numerical simulation results. At the seasonal scale, resistivity and seismic time series are positively correlated with temperature and suggest a control by superficial water content. On the scale of a few days, geophysical parameters are negatively correlated with precipitation and suggest rapid infiltration of water into the ground. Although laboratory experiments show that no change in resistivity occurs during fluidization, and since no flow occurred during the monitoring period the evolution of resistivity during a flow event remains an open question.
An emerging role for cellular crosstalk in the cancer stem cell niche
Authors: Oshimori Naoki , Guo Yifei , Taniguchi Sachiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlthough cumulative genetic and epigenetic changes in cancer cells are correlated with tumor malignancy, accumulating evidence supports that tumor cell‐extrinsic mechanisms play an essential role in driving tumor progression. The tissue architecture surrounding tumor cells evolves during disease progression and becomes a significant barrier to cancer treatments. The functional traits of the tumor microenvironment (TME), either tumor suppressive or supportive, are defined by the distribution of various stromal cells and their sequential and reciprocal cellular interactions. Recent studies have uncovered a significant heterogeneity in stromal cells and identified specific subpopulations correlated with clinical outcomes, providing novel insights into the complex TME system that drives tumor progression and therapy resistance. Moreover, a small population of tumor cells with tumor‐initiating and drug‐resistant capabilities, cancer stem cells (CSCs), is maintained by the specialized TME, the so‐called CSC niche. The crosstalk between CSCs and niche cells is an attractive avenue for identifying the vulnerability of difficult‐to‐treat cancers. Here, we review the recent advance in understanding TME biology and its impact on CSCs. We then focus on a newly identified niche signaling loop by which CSCs promote malignant progression and drug resistance of squamous cell carcinoma. The CSC niche is a promising research field that needs more attention and could facilitate the development of durable cancer treatment. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relatıonship bullying in adolescent period with family functionalities and child behaviors
Authors: Bozan Kezban , Evgi̇n Derya , Gördeles Beşer Nalan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis descriptive study determined the relationship of peer bullying in the early adolescent period to family functions and children's behavior. The cohort for the research consisted of 320 students and parents who were selected by a simple random method from a middle school. The data were collected using the student and parent questionnaires, Traditional Peer Bullying Scale, Family Assessment Scale, and Assessment of Child and Adolescent Behavior Scale. In evaluating the data: descriptive statistics, Χ
2, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. It has been determined that verbal and physical bullying was high in the older age group (p < 0.05), in seventh‐grade students (p < 0.05), and that those who do not like school tend to bully others at a higher rate (p < 0.001). Students who were separated from their parents, who witnessed the violence among the family members, and who stated that the violence was applied by family members were more frequent in the bullying cycle (p < 0.05). There was a high‐level positive relationship between the anxiety/depression subscale and social problems subscale (p < 0.001). This study confirms that peer bullying is a problem that is highly correlated with family functionalities and child behaviors.
Health‐related quality of life of caregivers of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Al Baroudi Sahar , Collaco Joseph M. , Nies Melanie K. , Rice Jessica L. , Jelin Eric B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveCongenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital defect associated with significant mortality and morbidity. We sought to assess the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) for caregivers of infants/children with CDH and determine risk factors for poorer HRQoL.MethodsFamilies were recruited from a CDH‐specific outpatient clinic and HRQoL was assessed by a validated HRQoL instrument (PedsQLTM Family Impact Module) at several time points. Mixed models were used to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with worse HRQoL for caregivers.ResultsA total of 29 subjects were recruited at a mean age of 2.4 ± 2.3 years. In terms of defect size, 6.9% had a Type A, 37.9% a Type B, 31.0% a Type C, and 24.1% a Type D. The mean HRQoL score at the first encounter was 67.6 ± 18.3; scores are reported from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing the higher reported quality of life. Lower median household incomes (p = .021) and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p = .013) were associated with poorer HRQoL scores. The presence of respiratory symptoms decreased HRQoL for caregivers, including daytime symptoms (p < .001) and nighttime symptoms (p < .001). While emergency department visits were not associated with a decrease in HRQoL, hospital admissions (p = .002), and reoperations for CDH (p < .001) were.ConclusionOur study found a reduced quality of life associated with socioeconomic factors and severity of ongoing disease. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and identify strategies for aiding families cope with the chronicity of this congenital disease.
Crop rotation enhances soybean yields and soil health indicators
Authors: Agomoh Ikechukwu V. , Drury Craig F. , Yang Xueming , Phillips Lori A. , Reynolds W. Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max L.) is known to contribute to soil N reserves when grown in rotation with other high‐value crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, continuous soybean and “short” soybean rotations (e.g., corn–soybean, wheat–soybean) may cause declining soybean yields and degrading soil health over time. In this long‐term field study, we determined crop rotation effects on soybean yield and soil health indicators for a cool, humid, clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario. The study used nine soybean rotations, which included continuous soybean (S), corn–soybean (C–S), corn–soybean–soybean (C–S–S), and six rotations where winter wheat (WW) was grown with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (+RC) and without underseeded red clover (i.e., winter wheat–soybean [WW–S, WW+RC–S], corn–soybean–winter wheat [C–S–WW, C–S–WW+RC], and winter wheat–soybean–soybean [WW–S–S, WW+RC–S–S]). Ten soil health indicators during the first and second soybean phase of each rotation were measured in 2018, whereas soybean yield was measured from 2002 to 2018. Soybean yields in 2‐ and 3‐yr rotations were 39–44% and 48–52% greater, respectively, relative to continuous soybean excluding the rotations with 2 of 3 yr of soybean (C–S–S, WW–S–S, WW+RC–S–S), which were only 22–35% greater than continuous soybean. Partial least squares regression indicated that inorganic N, particulate organic matter N, particulate organic matter C, potentially mineralizable N, total C, soil respiration rate, and water extractable organic soil C were the most important soil health indicators, explaining 34% of the total variation in soybean yields. It was concluded that soybean grown in 3‐yr rotations with corn and winter wheat produced the largest soybean yields and the greatest positive impacts on soil health indicators likely owing to cereal crops enhancing C inputs into soil.
Applications of MOFs as Luminescent Sensors for Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Yang Guo‐Li , Jiang Xiao‐Lei , Xu Hang , Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe environmental pollution has become a serious issue because the pollutants can cause permanent damage to the DNA, nervous system, and circulating system, resulting in various incurable diseases, such as organ failure, malformation, angiocardiopathy, and cancer. The effective detection of environmental pollutants is urgently needed to keep them far away from daily life. Among the reported pollutant sensors, luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) with tunable structures have attracted remarkable attention to detect the pollutants because of their excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and recyclability. Although lots of metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based luminescent sensors have been summarized and discussed in previous reviews, the detection of environmental pollutants, especially radioactive ions and heavy metal ions, still have not been systematically presented. Here, the sensing mechanisms and construction principles of luminescent MOFs are discussed, and the state‐of‐the‐art MOF‐based luminescent sensors of environmental pollutants, including pesticides, antibiotics, explosives, VOCs, toxic gas, toxic small molecules, radioactive ions, and heavy metal ions are highlighted. This comprehensive review may further guide the development of luminescent MOFs and promote their practical applications for sensing environmental pollutants.
Stay‐at‐home orders were issued earlier in economically unfree states
Authors: McCannon Bryan C. , Hall Joshua C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStay‐at‐home orders curtailed the individual liberty of those across the United States. Governors of some states moved swiftly to impose the lockdowns. Others delayed and a few even refused to implement these policies. We explore common narratives of what determines the speed of implementation, namely partisanship and virus exposure. While correlation exists, we show that the most consistent explanation for the speed of the implementation of these orders is the state's economic freedom. It was the economically unfree states that issued stay‐at‐home orders earlier.
Evolution of Joint Warfare
Authors: Lucas Edward R. , Crosbie Thomas A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability to employ force across the physical warfighting domains of air, land, maritime, and space is essential in contemporary conflict. In NATO doctrine, the term “joint operations” refers to military actions “in which elements of at least two services participate.” While doctrinal definitions differ slightly across Western militaries, the basic premise remains that “jointness” in military operations entails significant action in at least two of the physical warfighting domains. This chapter provides an overview of joint warfare, beginning with a brief discussion of its development over the past century. It then turns its attention to the development of joint doctrine and the joint functions. It concludes with a brief discussion of what some military theorists see as the next iteration of joint warfighting: multi-domain operations (MDO).
Identify, Search and Monitor by Tracks: Elements of Analysis of Pastoral Know-How in Saharan-Sahelian Societies
Authors: Gagnol Laurent 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the knowledge and skills related to tracks in the sand among nomadic and semi-nomadic populations with a predominantly pastoral focus in the Sahara and Sahel. Identifying a sought-after individual, interpreting the associated clues, catching up with it by following the trail – all this is an essentially pastoral know-how. The punctual examination of the footprint aims at identifying the individual who produced it, and the search for clues associated with the footprint enables the tracker to discern other elements interpreting more generally the behaviour of this individual in movement. Through the understanding of the spatial and temporal context, linear tracking of footprints, by implementing a hodological strategy, makes it possible to catch up with the individual in question. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the power structures between the men who are in charge of tracking as well as the confirmation, assurance or subversion of the social order it implies. Finally, the permanence and transformation of this common and essential know-how in the process of becoming sedentary are analysed.
An Echo from a Footprint: A Step Too Far
Authors: Webb Steve 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRarely in archaeology do we see the flesh and blood of ancient people living their lives? In Australia, a unique archaeological site discovered in 2006 allowed us to do just that as people went about their daily lives during the last glacial maximum. The site is a palaeofilm of men, women and children, walking, running and meandering across a wet area that was obviously special to them. While hundreds of footprints displayed this unusual but moving life tapestry, details of their behaviour and other marks they left behind were difficult or impossible to interpret. Moreover, were some of the marks made by humans or just artefacts of nature? Perhaps we were not making the right interpretation and not picking up clues to the everyday life of these people as well as we might. We required interpretative skills we did not have. To help us we needed to partner with people who had such skills. Pintubi people from Central Australia were asked to help, and they were some of the last people contacted by White Australia in the early 1960s. They had the vital skills of tracking, skills that had kept them alive in the harsh Tanami and Gibson deserts of Central Australia. It was possible that they would be able to apply those skills in reaching out to their ancient Dreamtime ancestors. They also brought that Dreamtime to us.
Reproduce to Understand: Experimental Approach Based on Footprints in Cussac Cave (Southwestern France)
Authors: Ledoux Lysianna , Berillon Gilles , Fourment Nathalie , Jaubert Jacques 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe morphology of a track depends on many factors that must be considered when interpreting it. An experimental approach is often required to understand the influence of each of these factors, both at the time of the track formation and after its formation. These aspects, which are fairly well documented for tracks found in open-air settings, are much more limited for those found in karst settings. Although caves are stable environments enabling the preservation of archaeological remains, many taphonomical processes can alter the grounds and the walls. Based on the observations made on footprints found in Cussac Cave (Dordogne region of southwestern France), this study focuses on one of these natural phenomena and tests the impact of flooding episodes and the resulting clay deposits on the track’s morphology and topography. Our experiments show that although the general morphology of footprints and some details such as digits are preserved, their topography is altered by successive flooding episodes and clay deposits. The loss of definition of the footprints due to flooding episodes can also lead to misinterpretation. This work sheds new light on the Cussac footprints, while the further development of such experiments will allow us to improve our results and apply them to other settings and sites.