bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and meat quality of broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal, a probiotic and an organic acid
Authors: Nduku X.P. , Mabusela S.P. , Nkukwana T.T. 
Published: January 2021

Six hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), a probiotic, and an organic acid on growth, weights of digestive organs, and meat quality. Starter, grower, and finisher diets were formulated to which the additives were supplemented, namely T1: 300 g/ton zinc bacitracin and 500 g/ton salinomycin; T2: 1000 g/ton MOLM; T3: probiotic (500 g/ton Enviva Pro); T4: organic acid (1000 g/ton Novyrate C); and T5: without additives. Bodyweight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed intake (FI) were measured weekly through day 28. On days 1 to 7, FI was highest for T4 (22.01 g/d) and lowest for T2 (20.13 g/d). Birds in T3 had the lowest ADG and highest FCR on days 21 to 28, and the highest BW on day 14 and day 21. Twelve birds were randomly selected from each treatment to measure carcass yield, organ sizes and meat quality. pH of the breast muscle was recorded at 45 minutes and 24 hours post mortem. Colour and drip loss were measured 24 hours post mortem. Birds in T4 had the lightest carcasses (1451 g). Birds in T2 had higher redness and chroma values, while hue angle values were highest in T3 birds. The effects of MOLM were comparable with the probiotic and organic acid. That is, they improved growth performance, digestive organ size and meat quality characteristics when included in broiler diets as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP).
Keywords: alternative growth promoters, carcass characteristics, digestive organ size, feed conversion
The Phenomenon of Writing new Lyrics for Folk Songs to Broadcast on Mass Media in Vietnam
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam, Kieu Trung Son 
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of creating new lyrics for folk songs provides an interesting combination between the two fields of linguistics and ethnomusicology (or performing arts) and is highly applicable for life in Vietnam. This research aims at the meaning of choosing folk melodies to express language and to express an ideological content. Based on the thesis of linguistic anthropology, considering language to be a reflection of the human being, this study considers the choice of the way language is transmitted as part of that reflection. To conduct this study, we will look at the Voice of Vietnam Radio. From the material found, the number, content, purpose, context analysis and frequency of creating new lyrics for folk songs were broadcast during the history of anti-American war to teh preent date. The results of the study indicate that language has a number of ways of expressing each of its strengths and cultural and social meanings. This research refers to an innovation in the use of familiar folk melodies to express and promote language content in Vietnam that has been applied effectively in the mass media.
Challenges and Resources in Enhancing English Teachers’ Proficiency
Authors:   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Lie Anita , Tamah Siti Mina ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Trianawaty  ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Jemadi Fransiskus ,   STKIP St. Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This study addresses the conflicting views of the role of English as a means of global communication. Responding to the growing need to foster communicative abilities in English, schools in Indonesia are driven to make their students proficient in English. However, the majority of English teachers themselves might not be adequately prepared to use English as a means of communication; improving their English proficiency and the willingness to communicate in English (Clement, 2003) has thus become a matter of concern amidst the prevailing resistance to English as the language of the imperialist. The present study focuses on teachers’ English proficiency, which has been recognized as an important qualification for successful English teaching. Thirty secondary school teachers of English who were participating in an in-service professional development program were asked to self-assess their English proficiencies based on the ACTFL guidelines as well as to identify their challenges and resources. The teachers assessed their proficiencies in interpersonal communication, presentational speaking, presentational writing, interpretive listening, and interpretive reading. The study also conducted in-depth interviews of selected teachers. This study found that teachers strive to build their willingness to communicate in English despite challenges, and still grapple to improve their proficiency. They employ various resources to overcome the prevailing challenges.
Prosody properties of stanza forms of poems in Uzbek poetry of the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Rakhmonova Shahnoza Muhitdinovna  
Published: January 2021

To research the prosody properties of stanza poem forms, to research their meter, subject relationship, and to research the genre nature of small lyrical genres: rubai, tuyuq, qita, fard, chiston, and ta’rikh in relation to prosody. In the poetry of the second half of the twentieth century, there were mainly three groups according to the characteristics of the rubai genre and prosody: 1)traditional (classical) rubai; 2)dubaitis; 3)The prosody and formal characteristics of tuyuq are studied, were also divided into three groups: 1)tuyuqs created in the ramal meter; 2)tuyuqs based on tajnis; 3)tuyuqs created in syllabic meter. The emergence of new forms of the genre of mustazad, the unconventional appearance of full verses in the first and fourth lines.
Environmental and Affordable Housing Material - The Use of Bricks and Tiles in Reducing Housing Deficits in Developing Countries: A Case Study at Bongo District, Ghana
Authors: ARHIN Emmanuel , ABU Mahamuda , ZANGO Musah Saeed 
Published: January 2021

Many factors such as inadequate mortgage finance, defective land tenure system, and high cost of land are speculated to influence the housing deficit in Ghana. Rarely do the housing deficit challenges include unavailability of construction materials as a factor. Evidence of clays used in building are common mostly in Great Britain, Italy, Japan and sparsely in developing countries and was used in building in ancient Ghana. Clay is considered as an eco- friendly building material available on earth. The abundance of intrusive rocks in Bongo District led to the exploration and evaluation of clay for bricks and tiles in Balungu and Apamtaga areas. Six pits were dug at these two areas for clay mineralogy studies. The predominant minerals found were quartz, kaolinite, smectite and those present but in trace amounts were dolomite, amphibolite, microcline, plagioclase and muscovite. The predominant minerals also vary in mineral compositions with respect to the characteristics of the underlying geology. The results showed over 50% quartz, 11.8 % kaolinite and 6 .7% smectite clay minerals occur in most samples analysed. Additional investigation to aid in the determination of the clays suitability for bricks and tiles involved 85 auger drill holes that assessed the clay thickness at Balungu River catchment. An average clay thickness of 4.5 m was calculated from the 85 drill holes drilled over 382 m of core drilled. This drill activity identified 2840000 m2 area with significant clay thickness of 4.5 m averagely. The product of the prospective clay area and the average thickness led to the estimation of clay volume of 12, 78000.00 m3. Using dimensions of standard solid bricks of 0. 222 m × 0.106 m ×0.076 m, an equivalent of 0.00172 m3 60000 bricks can be produced in a day. A total of 38 or 41 production years will be required to exhaust the discovered clay for bricks and tiles. The utilization of clay that are readily abundant in Ghana may significantly provide solutions to the Ghana’s housing deficits and make housing affordable as the product will be cheap.
Ethics after Wittgenstein
Authors: Amesbury Richard , von Sass Hartmut 
Published: January 2021

What does it mean for ethics to say, as Wittgenstein did, that philosophy “leaves everything as it is”?
Though clearly absorbed with ethical questions throughout his life and work, Wittgenstein's remarks about the subject do not easily lend themselves to summation or theorizing. Although many moral philosophers cite the influence or inspiration of Wittgenstein, there is little agreement about precisely what it means to do ethics in the light of Wittgenstein.
Ethics after Wittgenstein brings together an international cohort of leading scholars in the field to address this problem. The chapters advance a conception of philosophical ethics characterized by an attention to detail, meaning and importance which itself makes ethical demands on its practitioners. Working in conversation with literature and film, engaging deeply with anthropology and critical theory, and addressing contemporary problems from racialized sexual violence against women to the Islamic State, these contributors reclaim Wittgenstein's legacy as an indispensable resource for contemporary ethics.
Gender and Social Protection in the Developing World
Authors: Holmes Rebecca , Jones Nicola 
Published: January 2021

Millions of pounds of international development funds are invested annually in social protection programmes to tackle poverty. Poverty is perpetuated by risk and vulnerability, much of which is gendered. Despite this, little attention has been paid to gender-sensitive policy and programme design and implementation.
Gender and Social Protection in the Developing World introduces a much-needed gender lens to these debates. Drawing on empirical evidence from poor households and communities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the book provides rich insight into the effects of a range of social protection instruments. It concludes that with relatively simple changes to design and with investment in implementation capacity, social protection can contribute to transforming gender relations at the individual, intrahousehold and community levels.
With a foreword by Stephen Devereux.
Relocation failures in Sri Lanka
Authors: Muggah Robert 
Published: January 2021

Each year, millions of people are internally displaced and resettled in the wake of wars and floods or to make way for large-scale development projects, and this number is increasing. Humanitarian and development specialists continue to struggle with designing and executing effective protection strategies and durable solutions.
Relocation Failures explains how internal displacement and efforts to engineer resettlement are conceived and practiced by policy makers and practitioners. The author argues that policies for internally displaced peoples are weak and diluted by narrow interpretations of state sovereignty and collective action dilemmas, and in the case of Sri Lanka, unintentionally intensified ethnic segregation and ultimately war.
This unique new book considers the origins and parameters of internal displacement and resettlement policy and practice and proposes an explanation for why it often fails. In highlighting the ways that development assistance can exacerbate smoldering conflicts, the volume provides an important caution to the aid community.
The Burdens of Freedom: Eastern Europe since 1989
Authors: Kenney Padraic 
Published: January 2021

"From Estonia to Macedonia, this book is a history of 15 countries as they negotiate their transition from communism. For some, the story ends happily, with triumphant entry into the European Union in 2004.Others are caught in limbo, destroyed by nationalist politics, war and genocide, or crippled by corrupt political practices.
The Burdens of Freedom considers the effects of revolutionary change, the resurgence of nationalism and the painful examination of the past. It looks at the process of building stable democratic states, and their integration with international structures. Most of the countries have established admission to the EU as a national objective; but many of them have also been active participants in the American-led occupation of Iraq. Domestically, each has seen a divide emerge between winners and losers. All are moving forward simultaneously to democracy, unity and prosperity, but also to national division and economic disparity."
Changing States, Changing Nations
Authors: McDonald Andrew 
Published: January 2021

This book presents the remarkable constitutional reforms undertaken by the Blair and Brown governments in the UK. The reforms are remarkable in that they had the potential to change the way Britons understood the national identity of the UK. The book illuminates the ambitions of the key players in Whitehall and Westminster and is enriched through a study of comparable constitutional reforms in Canada and Australia: the Charter of Rights and Freedoms pioneered by Pierre Trudeau and the attempt by Paul Keating to make Australia a Republic. The Canadian and Australian chapters are a contribution to the political history of those nations and a device for understanding the changes in Britain.
The author is an expert in the use of Freedom of Information and was a senior policy maker in Whitehall working primarily on constitutional reform. Readers will benefit from the author’s unrivalled access to interviewees and documentary sources in the three countries covered in the book.
The Effectiveness of the Köbler Liability in National Courts
Authors: Varga Zsófia 
Published: January 2021

Over the last 15 years, Köbler liability has resulted in the allocation of damages on only five occasions. Why is that? And what are the practical implications of the Köbler judgment in the Member States?
This book offers a unique analysis of the state liability principle for breaches of EU law by national courts – not from the usual EU-focused point of view but from the practical view of the Member State – and thus follows the track set by earlier books in the ‘EU Law in the Member States’ series. It thoroughly examines the national jurisprudential and legislative acceptation of the state liability principle and explores the existence of alternative remedies available in the Member States in case of such breaches. The conclusions, based on a systematic assessment of 300 national judgments from the 28 Member States, lead to a reconsideration of the role of the Köbler doctrine in the system of judicial remedies against violation of EU law by national supreme courts.
After the pronouncement of the ECJ judgment in Köbler, legal scholars and practitioners have forecast the eradication of the principle of res judicata and the endangering of judicial independence. The judgment caused a lot of ink to flow; according to the ECJ’s records, at least 100 studies are directly devoted to the analysis of this decision. This book is, however, the first to offer a comprehensive analysis on the genuine life of the Köbler liability in the Member States.
Volume 6 in the series EU Law in the Member States
Nonlinear Control Strategies of an Autonomous Double Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Bouchiba Nouha , Sallem Souhir , Ben Ali Kammoun Mohamed , Chrifi-Alaoui Larbi , Drid Saïd 
Published: January 2021

In the last few decades, among the wide range of renewable energy sources, wind energy is widely used. Variable speed wind energy conversion systems based on double fed induction generator have a considerable interest mostly in case of islanded networks and/or isolated applications. In this paper, as a means to supply remote areas, an investigation of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a double fed induction generator (DFIG) is carried out. The presence of both wind turbine aerodynamics and DFIG coupled dynamics causes strong nonlinearities in the studied system. Wind speed and demanded power variations have a major impact on the quality of the produced energy. In order to control and maintain the stator output voltage and frequency at their nominal values (220 V/50 Hz) under wind speed and load variations, this work presents a study of three kinds of controllers: PI, Back-Stepping and Sliding Mode controllers. These controllers are integrated in the studied system and a comparison of their dynamic performances has been developed. Moreover, in order to ensure the rotor side converter safety on the one hand and to guarantee an optimal operation of the DFIG on the other hand, a management strategy is proposed in this work. Simulation results are performed using Matlab/Simulink environment and show the effectiveness and the accuracy of each controller compared to others mainly with the presence of wind speed and load demand variations.
Activated Flooded Jets and Immiscible Layer Technology Help to Remove and Prevent the Formation of Bottom Sediments in the Oil Storage Tanks
Authors: V. Nesyn Georgii 
Published: January 2021

Two flooded jet methods of tank bottom sediments caving based on either screw propeller generation or nozzle jets generated with entering crude head oppose each other. The comparison is not advantageous for the first one. Exceptionally if crude oil contains some concentration of high molecular weight polymer which can perform Drag Reduction. In this case, the jet range increases by many times, thus, upgrading the capability of caving system. Preventing the sedimentation of crude oil heavy components may be put into practice with Immiscible Layer Technology. Before filling the tank with crude oil, some quantity of heavy liquid, that is immiscible with all the components of crude oil, is poured into the tank. The most suitable/fit for purpose and available liquid is glycerin. Neither paraffin and resins, nor asphaltenes can penetrate through the glycerin layer to settle down at the tank bottom because of its density, which is equal to 1.26 g/cm3. Instead, sediments are concentrated at/on the glycerin surface and when it is heated in external heat exchanger all the sediments ought to move upwards with the convection streams. Thus, no deteriorate sediment is formed in the tank bottom.
Letras premiadas y no mencionadas en las Crónicas del Festival Internacional del Cante de las Minas
Authors: Giménez Cánovas Domingo 
Published: January 2021

El Festival del Cante de las Minas de La Unión convocó concursos de letras de distintas modalidades entre 1971 y 2004. No hay una publicación específica dedicada a estos concursos, y la relación más detallada sobre ellos se puede encontrar en las Crónicas del Festival Internacional del Cante de las Minas, con cinco ediciones (la última en 2010). Las sucesivas ediciones contienen algunas lagunas en lo que se refiere a los premios de letras, con algunas de estas o de los autores ausentes o erróneas. En este trabajo se completa la información sobre los premios de letras que aparece errónea o incompleta.
The “Festival del Cante de las Minas” in La Unión included between 1971 and 2004 lyric contests of different modalities. There is no publication dedicated to these contests, and the most detailed relation is in the Crónicas del Festival Internacional del Cante de las Minas, with five editions (the last one in 2010). The successive editions contain some mistakes, with some of the lyrics or authors absent or wrong. In this work we complete the information that appears erroneous or incomplete.
La huella del flamenco en el primer cine español
Authors: Martínez del Baño Benito 
Published: January 2021

Desde edad temprana, el cine español se nutre de las pocas artistas que realmente triunfan en la canción y la radio a principios del siglo pasado, aun con los inconvenientes que ello alberga, al tener que sincronizar durante años película y disco en los pases comerciales. Son un elemento más de la construcción de estos filmes y en muchos casos su eficacia actoral depende más del director que de sus dotes. Son artistas que en la mayoría de casos realizan incursiones esporádicas en el cine. Sólo unas pocas lograrán la continuidad a la hora de participar en películas. Mientras que las mujeres son las que mayoritariamente triunfan y están mejor ponderadas en el terreno de la canción popular, en el campo del flamenco, especialmente son los hombres los que destacan, sobre todo en el cante, y ellas en el baile. La más destacada e internacional de estas actrices es Raquel Meller. Pero, no debemos olvidar a Pastora Imperio, quien, a pesar de estar perdidos sus tres primeros largometrajes, antecede a todas en las lides del cine y destaca entre todos en el flamenco, creando un estilo propio.
From an early age, Spanish cinema has been nourished by the few artists who really succeeded in song and radio at the beginning of the last century, even with the disadvantages that this harbors, having to synchronize film and record for years in commercial shows. They are one more element in the construction of these films and in many cases their acting effectiveness depends more on the director than on their talents. They are artists who in most cases make sporadic forays into the cinema. Only a few will achieve continuity when it comes to participating in movies. While women are the ones who mostly triumph and are better weighted in the field of popular song, in the field of flamenco, it is especially men who stand out, especially in singing, and they in dancing. The most prominent and international of these actresses is Raquel Meller. But, we must not forget Pastora Imperio, who, despite her first three feature films being lost, precedes all of them in filmmaking and stands out among all in flamenco, creating her own style.
Haliclona
: Introduction
Authors: Zerarguia Islem , Stillitani Daniele , dos S. Borges Felipe , Moraes Fernando , Vieira Ricardo P. , Costa Manoel L. , Coutinho Cristiano C. 
Published: January 2021

The phylum Porifera groups originally filter‐feeding pore‐bearing animals, with carnivore sponges lacking the filtering system. Demospongiae is the class comprising sponges with silica spicule, but it is different from the Homoscleromorph. Sponge taxonomy is based on the morphology and arrangement of spicules, which are highly homoplasics. Molecular studies have importantly contributed to refine sponge taxonomy.
Haplosclerida display (or partially) triangular meshes of diactinal (two‐rayed) spicules with sides of one spicule length (i.e. isodictyal reticulation).

The genus
Haliclona
has variable morphology and consistency (erect, tube‐shaped, and branching forms, soft and fragile, and firm and elastic).
Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral Agents Based on Multivalent Inhibitors of Viral Infectivity
Authors: Zelikin Alexander N. , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease (Covid‐19), caused by the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2), highlights the need for broad‐spectrum antiviral drugs. In this Essay, it is argued that such agents already exist and are readily available while highlighting the challenges that remain to translate them into the clinic. Multivalent inhibitors of viral infectivity based on polymers or supramolecular agents and nanoparticles are shown to be broadly acting against diverse pathogens in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, uniquely, such agents can be virucidal. Polymers and nanoparticles are stable, do not require cold chain of transportation and storage, and can be obtained on large scale. Specifically, for the treatment of respiratory viruses and pulmonary diseases, these agents can be administered via inhalation/nebulization, as is currently investigated in clinical trials as a treatment against SARS CoV‐2/Covid‐19. It is believed that with due optimization and clinical validation, multivalent inhibitors of viral infectivity can claim their rightful position as broad‐spectrum antiviral agents.