bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatophytosis in a Suburban Hospital-A Study on Distribution and Clinical Types According to Age and Sex
Authors: Shankar Aishwarya , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: October 2021

Aim and Objectives: Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of the outermost layer of skin and its appendages such as hair, nails and scalp. The present study was undertaken with a view to find out the clinical pattern of dermatophytic infections in our hospital.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. History was taken, general and physical examination was done. Multiple sites were involved in some cases, but were categorised prioritising the most predominant site involved. Patient was diagnosed and classified based on clinical types, age and sex.
Results and Conclusion: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study in which 56 males and 44 females were affected. The most commonly affected age group was 19 to 59 years (63%). The most common clinical type of infection was T. cruris affecting 41% of the study population.
A Stiff yet Rapidly Self‐Healable Elastomer in Harsh Aqueous Environments
Authors: Chen Lili , Feng Wenwen , Li Mengxue , Jin Zhekai , Zhang Yucheng , Cheng Zhe , Liu Yuncong , Wang Chao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid underwater self‐healing elastomers with high mechanical strength at ambient temperature are highly desirable for dangerous underwater operations. However, current room temperature self‐healing materials have shortcomings, such as low healing strength (below megapascal), long healing time (hours), and decay of healing functions in harsh environments (salty, acidic, and basic solutions), limiting their practical applications. Herein, it is introduced water‐stable Debye forces and high‐density nano‐sized physical crosslinking into one network to achieve a stiff yet rapid self‐healing elastomer that can work in harsh aqueous environments. The obtained elastomer possesses a high Young's modulus of 48 MPa (24 times than that of natural elastomer), and it can achieve 90% of maximum mechanical strength healing for 10 s at ambient temperature in all types of harsh aqueous conditions, outperforming three orders of magnitudes in healing speed of reported room‐temperature self‐healing elastomers with Young's modulus over 10 MPa. The new stiff yet rapidly healable elastomers have great potential in emergent repair in urgent and dangerous cases.
Mass Production of 2D Manifolds of Graphene Oxide by Shear Flow
Authors: Choi Gyeong Min , Park Minji , Shim Yul Hui , Kim So Youn , Lee Heon Sang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelf‐organizing 2D sheets into a 3D structure with a well‐defined arrangement and tuned bandgap has garnered significant interest. However, there exist challenges such as scalable and feasible synthetic methods and preservation of 2D properties while preventing re‐stacking. Herein, a facile method for the mass production of 2D manifolds of graphene oxide (GO), which are 3D microtubes, while maintaining their 2D properties by applying shear to roll up GO sheets, is reported. The GO mesotubes are formed by shear flow in aluminum–glass parallel plates. Redox reaction plays a vital role during the formation of GO mesotubes by the vorticity alignment during slow shear flow. A high yield of 94% is achieved at an initial pH of 2.2. The maximum d‐spacing of the GO sheet in the tube wall is 21 nm, indicating no re‐stacking of the graphitic structure. It is demonstrated that the GO mesotubes behaves like a soft gel, rendering them a candidate material for soft robotics, e‐skins, and a visible light sensor owing to their reduced optical bandgap.
Antiquenching Macromolecular NIR‐II Probes with High‐Contrast Brightness for Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy under 1064 nm Irradiation
Authors: Cheng Quan , Tian Youliang , Dang Huiping , Teng Changchang , Xie Kai , Yin Dalong , Yan Lifeng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMost NIR‐II fluorescent dyes, especially polymethine cyanine, face the inevitable self‐quenching phenomenon in an aqueous solution. This unacceptable property has severely limited their application in high‐resolution biological imaging. Here, a NIR‐II macromolecular probe (MPAE) is synthesized through the structure modification of molecule probe and the covalent coupling of an amphiphilic polypeptide, which presents considerable biocompatibility and negligible systemic side effect. The molecule probe's stereo structure and the polymer's conjugation could effectively prevent the π‐π stacking, thereby exhibiting excellent quenching resistance in aqueous solutions (absolute QY = 0.178%). This remarkable feature endows it with deeper tissue penetration than the clinically used indocyanine green (ICG) and high contrast brightness at the tumor site for the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. Based on the effective accumulation of tumor sites and considerable photothermal conversion efficiency (40.07%), the MPAE‐NPS presents superior antitumor efficiency on breast tumor‐bearing mice under the 1064 nm irradiation without rebound or recurrence. All these outstanding performances reveal the great promise of MPAE‐NPS in Nano‐drug delivery and imaging‐assisted photothermal therapy in the NIR‐II window.
Emerging Technologies in Multi‐Material Bioprinting
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Karamzadeh Vahid , Bao Guangyu , Mongeau Luc , Juncker David , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBioprinting, within the emerging field of biofabrication, aims at the fabrication of functional biomimetic constructs. Different 3D bioprinting techniques have been adapted to bioprint cell‐laden bioinks. However, single‐material bioprinting techniques oftentimes fail to reproduce the complex compositions and diversity of native tissues. Multi‐material bioprinting as an emerging approach enables the fabrication of heterogeneous multi‐cellular constructs that replicate their host microenvironments better than single‐material approaches. Here, bioprinting modalities are reviewed, their being adapted to multi‐material bioprinting is discussed, and their advantages and challenges, encompassing both custom‐designed and commercially available technologies are analyzed. A perspective of how multi‐material bioprinting opens up new opportunities for tissue engineering, tissue model engineering, therapeutics development, and personalized medicine is offered.
Photo‐Thermal Switching of Individual Plasmonically Activated Spin Crossover Nanoparticle Imaged by Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hu Yaowei , Picher Matthieu , Tran Ngoc Minh , Palluel Marlène , Stoleriu Laurentiu , Daro Nathalie , Mornet Stephane , Enachescu Cristian , Freysz Eric , Banhart Florian , Chastanet Guillaume 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpin crossover (SCO) is a promising switching phenomenon when implemented in electronic devices as molecules, thin films or nanoparticles. Among the properties modulated along this phenomenon, optically induced mechanical changes are of tremendous importance as they can work as fast light‐induced mechanical switches or allow to investigate and control microstructural strains and fatigability. The development of characterization techniques probing nanoscopic behavior with high spatio‐temporal resolution allows to trigger and visualize such mechanical changes of individual nanoscopic objects. Here, ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) is used to precisely probe the length changes of individual switchable nanoparticles induced thermally by nanosecond laser pulses. This allows revealing of the mechanisms of spin switching, leading to the macroscopic expansion of SCO materials. This study is conducted on individual pure SCO nanoparticles and SCO nanoparticles encapsulating gold nanorods that serve for plasmonic heating under laser pulses. Length changes are compared with time‐resolved optical measurements performed on an assembly of these particles.
Exploring the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 System and Potential for High Capacitive Energy Storage Density and Efficiency
Authors: Acharya Megha , Banyas Ella , Ramesh Maya , Jiang Yizhe , Fernandez Abel , Dasgupta Arvind , Ling Handong , Hanrahan Brendan , Persson Kristin , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Martin Lane W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe hafnate perovskites PbHfO3 (antiferroelectric) and SrHfO3 (“potential” ferroelectric) are studied as epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with the added opportunity of observing a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 system. The resulting (240)‐oriented PbHfO3 (Pba2) films exhibited antiferroelectric switching with a saturation polarization ≈53 µC cm−2 at 1.6 MV cm−1, weak‐field dielectric constant ≈186 at 298 K, and an antiferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition at ≈518 K. (002)‐oriented SrHfO3 films exhibited neither ferroelectric behavior nor evidence of a polar P4mm phase . Instead, the SrHfO3 films exhibited a weak‐field dielectric constant ≈25 at 298 K and no signs of a structural transition to a polar phase as a function of temperature (77–623 K) and electric field (–3 to 3 MV cm−1). While the lack of ferroelectric order in SrHfO3 removes the potential for MPB, structural and property evolution of the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 (0 ≤ x < 1) system is explored. Strontium alloying increased the electric‐breakdown strength (EB) and decreased hysteresis loss, thus enhancing the capacitive energy storage density (Ur) and efficiency (η). The composition, Pb0.5Sr0.5HfO3 produced the best combination of EB = 5.12 ± 0.5 MV cm−1, Ur = 77 ± 5 J cm−3, and η = 97 ± 2%, well out‐performing PbHfO3 and other antiferroelectric oxides.
Encapsulation of Metallic Zn in a Hybrid MXene/Graphene Aerogel as a Stable Zn Anode for Foldable Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Xie Man , Wu Feng , Mei Yang , Hao Yutong , Li Li , Chen Renjie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 3D host can effectively mitigate the dendritic growth of a zinc (Zn)‐metal anode. However, the increased electrode/electrolyte reaction area using the 3D substrate accelerates the passivation and corrosion at the anode interface, ultimately degrading the electrochemical performance. Here, an oriented freezing process is used to create a flexible MXene/graphene scaffold. Based on the abundant zincophilic traits and micropores in the structure, Zn is densely encapsulated inside the host by the electrodeposition process. During cycling, the composite anode endows an in situ solid electrolyte interface with zinc fluoride at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to inherent fluorine terminations in MXene, efficiently inhibiting the dendritic growth. Furthermore, the design wherein bulk Zn is distributed in a 3D microscale manner suppresses hydrogen evolution reactions (3.8 mmol h−1 cm−2) and passivation, through in/ex situ tests. As a result, in a symmetrical cell test, the electrode has a long‐cycling life of over 1000 h at 10 mA cm−2. After continuous single folding followed by double folding, a quasi‐solid‐state foldable cell with the composite anode and a LiMn2O4 cathode (60% depth of discharge) maintains high‐capacity retention of over 91%. This research presents a revolutionary encapsulating idea for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries, as well as foldable investigation.
Omnidirectional Tactile Profiling Using a Deformable Pressure Sensor Array Based on Localized Piezoresistivity
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Park Doowon , Moon Sungmin , Park Chaeyong , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Choi Seungmoon , Hwang Heeseon , Jeong Unyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the recent progress of stretchable electronics, artificial tactile sensors pursue to imitate the human tactile system that is deformable and omnidirectional without signal interference. Although deformable tactile sensors without signal interference are demonstrated previously by using stretchable transistors or diodes, achieving omnidirectional tactility is very limited. It is because covering the 3D surfaces of fingers and hands with a sensor requests the structural simplicity and the customized shape design of the sensor. Here, a simple piezoresistive sensor without using the transistors or diodes is developed. The sensor is based on the localized piezoresistivity realized by creating the elastic resistive pixels that are laterally insulating with neighboring pixels. It can be wrapped on a finger and provide the pressure profiles and the spatial deformation of the substrate when multiple mechanical stimuli are applied from arbitrary directions. Based on this omnidirectional tactility, the blind contact recognition of objects that are piled up in a box is demonstrated.
Vitrification and Rewarming of Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Loaded Rat Hearts
Authors: Gao Zhe , Namsrai Baterdene , Han Zonghu , Joshi Purva , Rao Joseph Sushil , Ravikumar Vasanth , Sharma Anirudh , Ring Hattie L. , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Magnuson Elliott C. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Tolkacheva Elena G. , Garwood Michael , Rabin Yoed , Etheridge Michael , Finger Erik B. , Bischof John C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo extend the preservation of donor hearts beyond the current 4–6 h, this paper explores heart cryopreservation by vitrification—cryogenic storage in a glass‐like state. While organ vitrification is made possible by using cryoprotective agents (CPA) that inhibit ice during cooling, failure occurs during convective rewarming due to slow and non‐uniform rewarming which causes ice crystallization and/or cracking. Here an alternative, “nanowarming”, which uses silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (sIONPs) perfusion loaded through the vasculature is explored, that allows a radiofrequency coil to rewarm the organ quickly and uniformly to avoid convective failures. Nanowarming has been applied to cells and tissues, and a proof of principle study suggests it is possible in the heart, but proper physical and biological characterization especially in organs is still lacking. Here, using a rat heart model, controlled machine perfusion loading and unloading of CPA and sIONPs, cooling to a vitrified state, and fast and uniform nanowarming without crystallization or cracking is demonstrated. Further, nanowarmed hearts maintain histologic appearance and endothelial integrity superior to convective rewarming and indistinguishable from CPA load/unload control hearts while showing some promising organ‐level (electrical) functional activity. This work demonstrates physically successful heart vitrification and nanowarming and that biological outcomes can be expected to improve by reducing or eliminating CPA toxicity during loading and unloading.
Water‐Induced Blue‐Green Variable Nonconventional Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Cross‐Linked Copolymers via Click Chemistry
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhang Yongfeng , Chen Xiaohong , Zheng Yan , Zheng Xian , Wang Chang , Wang Zhonghao , Hao Jinqiu , Tian Quanchi , Yu Xingyu , Yang Chaolong , Li Youbing , Zhao Yanli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltralong room temperature phosphorescence is employed in information encryption, chemical sensing, lighting, and imaging on account of its long lifetime and high signal‐to‐noise ratio. As the triplet excitons can be easily quenched and interfered by nonradiative transition process, it is difficult to obtain long‐lived phosphorescence through conventional methods. Herein, a general design strategy to form cross‐linked networks by click chemistry is presented for efficiently promoting the phosphorescence performance. Using the hydrogen bonding interactions formed between CO···HN units and covalently cross‐linked network by the BO bond, the rigidity of the entire system is greatly enhanced, so the radiative transition process is well strengthened. Interestingly, under the influence of water molecule, the afterglow colors of the system change from blue (488 nm) to green (510 nm). Because of the presence of cross‐linked network, the emission is not directly quenched when the system is intervened by water. Having long phosphorescence lifetime (841.06 ms) and high quantum yield (10.48%), the obtained system is utilized for anti‐counterfeiting demonstration. This strategy paves a new way for the design of amorphous ultralong room temperature phosphorescence materials by efficient and user‐friendly click chemistry.
Observation of Defect Luminescence in 2D Dion–Jacobson Perovskites
Authors: Hu Hao , Liu Yingmeng , Xie Zuoxiang , Xiao Zewen , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe luminescent property of 2D perovskite materials promotes their applications in light emitting diodes, phosphor powders, and scintillators. Recently, an interesting extrinsic low‐energy broadband luminescence is hotly investigated. However, the understanding of such emissions is still at the early stage. In this study, based on a modified solvent evaporation method, centimeter‐size (BDA)PbI4 (BDA = NH3C4H8NH32+) single crystals are grown which, besides the band–band emission, show a large Stokes‐shifted broadband luminescence. We find such emission can be effectively excited by sub‐gap photons and conclude defects‐induced shallow traps are the corresponding luminescence centers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that in‐plane iodine vacancies can introduce shallow electron traps in the band gap and give rise to the broadband emission.
Electric Field‐Driven Rotation of Magnetic Vortex Originating from Magnetic Anisotropy Reorientation
Authors: Wang Yadong , Mehmood Nasir , Hou Zhipeng , Mi Wenbo , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Junming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagnetic vortex, a flux‐closure spin configuration, has shown potential in future high‐density, low‐power magnetic memories due to their nanoscale size and exotic magneto‐electrical transport properties. Although magnetic vortex can be manipulated by various external stimuli in a controllable way, an electrical field‐induced nonvolatile and deterministic reversal rotation of magnetic vortex is yet to be experimentally established. In this work, electrical field‐induced deterministic reversible rotation of a magnetic vortex is realized based on an epitaxial γ   ′‐Fe4N/0.7PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐0.3PbTiO3 multiferroic heterostructure. This rotation is nonvolatile and can be triggered by the electric‐field pulse. More importantly, it does not require an assistant magnetic field. Combined experiments and theoretical simulations reveal that the rotation of magnetic vortex originates from the strain‐mediated reorientation of the in‐plane magnetic anisotropy. The results provide an additional degree of freedom for manipulating magnetic vortex, which can open new doors for constructing magnetic vortex‐based memory devices.
Revealing Roles of Co and Ni in Mn‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Huang Weiyuan , Lin Cong , Zhang Mingjian , Li Shunning , Chen Zhefeng , Zhao Wenguang , Zhu Chen , Zhao Qi , Chen Haibiao , Pan Feng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPressing demand for reducing the dependence of the costly Co and Ni elements has recently made Mn‐rich layered oxides much more attractive as potential cathodes for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries. Although the Co and Ni effects in Ni‐rich cathodes are investigated in detail, there is still a serious lack of fundamental understandings of the influences of the Co and Ni substitution on the structural and electrochemical properties of the Mn‐rich layered cathodes. Here, Co‐substituted, Co and Ni co‐substituted, and Ni‐substituted Mn‐rich layered cathodes Li(Mn, Ni, Co)O2 are consciously designed to explore the roles of Co and Ni. These results elucidate that Co4+ is destructive for the structural stability of Mn‐rich cathodes due to the increased instability in the lattice oxygen, especially at high potentials, thereby delivering poor cycling stability, while Ni substitution of Co introduces Li/Ni mixing to enhance the lattice oxygen stability and suppress phase segregation and irreversible phase transition, leading to much improved cycling stability. These findings complement the elemental chemistry of the Co‐, Ni‐, and Mn‐based layered oxide cathodes, and benefit the development of Co‐free Mn‐rich layered cathode materials for future rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries.
Prevalence of hearing protection device non‐use among noise‐exposed US workers in 2007 and 2014
Authors: Green Deirdre R. , Masterson Elizabeth A. , Themann Christa L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study estimated the prevalence of hearing protection device (HPD) non‐use among US workers exposed to hazardous workplace noise and provided risk estimates.MethodsSelf‐reported data from the National Health Interview Survey in 2007 (15,852 workers) and 2014 (23,656 workers) were examined. Weighted prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios of HPD non‐use (using HPDs half the time or less when exposed to hazardous noise) were estimated by demographic, industry, and occupation. Differences in the prevalences of non‐use were estimated and compared.ResultsThe prevalence of HPD non‐use was 53% among all noise‐exposed workers in 2014. Workers in the Accommodation and Food Services industry had the highest prevalence (90%) and risk (PR: 2.47, 95% confidence interval: 1.54–3.96) of HPD non‐use. The industries with the lowest prevalences of noise exposure, including Finance and Insurance (2%) and Health Care and Social Assistance (4%), had some of the highest prevalences of HPD non‐use (80% and 83%, respectively). There were no statistically significant changes in HPD non‐use among industries between 2007 and 2014. Among occupations, HPD non‐use increased 37% in Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports and Media, and decreased 39% in Architecture and Engineering.ConclusionThe prevalence of HPD non‐use remains high; especially within industries and occupations with fewer noise‐exposed workers. These groups need targeted attention to increase awareness and compliance. Employers should require HPD use and trainings among noise‐exposed workers and provide an assortment of HPDs tailored to noise level and type, workplace environment, communication and audibility needs, and individual comfort and convenience.
Fire‐Retardant, Stable‐Cycling and High‐Safety Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Zhuo , He Jian , Lai Wei‐Hong , Peng Jian , Liu Xiao‐Hao , He Xiang‐Xi , Guo Xu‐Feng , Li Li , Qiao Yun , Ma Jian‐Min , Wu Minghong , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe safety of energy storage equipment has always been a stumbling block to the development of battery, and sodium ion battery is no exception. However, as an ultimate solution, the use of non‐flammable electrolyte is susceptible to the side effects, and its poor compatibility with electrode, causing failure of batteries. Here, we report a non‐flammable electrolyte design to achieve high‐performance sodium ion battery, which resolves the dilemma via regulating the solvation structure of electrolyte by hydrogen bonds and optimizing the electrode–electrolyte interphase. The reported non‐flammable electrolyte allows stable charge‐discharge cycling of both sodium vanadium phosphate@hard carbon and Prussian blue@hard carbon full pouch cell for more than 120 cycles with a capacity retention of >85 % and high cycling Coulombic efficiency (99.7 %).
Carbene‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of α‐Bromoenals to Prepare Phosphine‐Containing Chiral Molecules
Authors: Maiti Rakesh , Yan Jia‐Lei , Yang Xing , Mondal Bivas , Xu Jun , Chai Huifang , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisclosed herein is the first carbene‐organocatalyzed asymmetric addition of phosphine nucleophiles to the in situ generated α,β‐unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates. Our reaction enantioselectively constructs carbon–phosphine bonds and prepares chiral phosphines with high optical purities. The phosphine products are suitable for transforming to chiral ligands or catalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis. The diarylalkyl or trialkyl phosphine products from our catalytic reactions, air‐sensitive and reactive in nature, can be trapped (and stored) in their sulfur‐oxidized form for operational simplicities.