bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐step Two‐intermediate Photorelease Bolm‐McCulla Reaction: Dual Release of Nitrene and Atomic Oxygen Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Rashid Mahir , Baker Devora D. , Greer Alexander 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article is a highlight of the paper by Isor et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology. It describes the photolysis of a dibenzothiophene sulfoximine (bearing N‐phenyl imino and S‐oxide groups) to produce two reactive intermediates in tandem. The sulfoximine undergoes a S–N and S–O photocleavage to release phenyl nitrene and atomic oxygen [O(3P)]. The phenyl nitrene dimerizes to azobenzene or is trapped by diethylamine to reach an azepine. From there, atomic oxygen arises in a secondary photolysis of dibenzothiophene sulfoxide. A computational analysis also reveals that the S–N bond is labile for initial nitrene release, with the secondary release of atomic oxygen by S–O cleavage. Whether future sulfoximine scaffolds can produce the reverse order release of O(3P) then nitrene, or release both simultaneously, is yet to be established. Nonetheless, molecules with dual‐intermediate release, such as coupled photoaffinity labeling and cellular oxidation, are worth pursuing.
Prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rotstein Ilan , Katz Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsTo assess the prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to evaluate the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) used to treat SLE, on the prevalence of such lesions.MethodsIntegrated data of hospital patients was used. Data from the corresponding diagnosis codes for SLE and periapical abscess was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. The odd ratio (OR) of periapical abscesses and its association with SLE and intake of GCs were calculated and analyzed statistically.ResultsThe prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients treated with GCs was 1.5% compared to 0.39% in patients who were not treated with GCs. The OR for periapical abscesses in patients treated with GCs was 2.53 compared with OR of 0.66 in patients not treated with GCs. The differences were statistically significant (p < .0001). The prevalence of periapical abscesses in patients with SLE was 1.88%. The OR was 3.18 and the difference statistically significant (p < .0001). Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, it appears that the prevalence of periapical abscesses is higher in patients with SLE. Patients receiving GCs therapy, either for SLE or for other conditions, may present higher prevalence of periapical abscesses
Persistent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in cats
Authors: Sanz Ressel Berenice L. , Massone Adriana R. , Barbeito Claudio G. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) represents the most common malignant tumour of the feline skin. Emerging evidence suggests that the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signalling pathway may represent a potential target for pharmacological intervention in human and canine CSCC.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe present study aimed to explore the expression pattern and status of activation of relevant signalling proteins of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway in feline CSCC.Methods and materialsThe expression of pEGFRTyr1068, pAktSer473, pS6Ser235/236 combined with Ki‐67, and the tumour suppressor protein PTEN was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis in 45 samples of feline CSCC, using a tissue microarray.ResultsThe immunodetection using phosphospecific antibodies to detect the activated forms of signalling proteins showed that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is frequently activated in feline CSCCs, and may be independent of the activation of EGFR. The results also showed that PTEN expression is not significantly altered in feline CSCCs.Conclusions and clinical importanceOur study shows that the persistent activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway represents a key event in feline CSCC, pointing to this signalling pathway being a potential therapeutic target in feline patients with CSCC.
Ultrasonographic and CT diagnosis of a complete splenic duplication with right splenic torsion and presumed regional splenic vein hypertension in a dog
Authors: Battiato Pierantonio , Salgüero Raquel , Specchi Swan , Longo Maurizio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old mixed breed dog, was referred for lethargy, abdominal discomfort, hematemesis, and melena. Abdominal ultrasound revealed mineralization of the “right splenic vein” with collateral spiraling and a suspected splenic duplication. Computed tomography confirmed the duplication along with torsion of the splenic pedicle. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the splenic torsion associated with congestion of the gastrointestinal vessels, indicative of a chronic onset of secondary regional splenic vein hypertension.
The potential of Myosoton aquaticum extracts and compounds to control barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli)
Authors: Yang Haona , Tang Yi , Wang Lifeng , Guo Yanan , Luo Dingfeng , Wu Lamei , Deng Xile , Li Xiaogang , Bai Lianyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough cover crops are widely used for weed suppression in the agroecosystem, little research is available regarding the possibility that the decomposed weed solution may control weeds. In this study, we tested the allelopathic effect of decomposed weed solution on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli). In two separate tests, we found that the solution of decomposed Myosoton aquaticum completely suppressed the germination of barnyardgrass seeds at a concentration of 20 g l‐1. We then isolated and identified the predominant inhibitory substance in the decomposed M. aquaticum solution. The solution was subjected to organic solvent extraction and then separated on a silica gel column before the final identification of its components by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Dihydrocoumarin was isolated from the M2 and M3 fractions using a bioassay‐guided method and was found to be the most active of eleven candidate allelochemical compounds. Dihydrocoumarin is typically used as a food additive. In this study, barnyardgrass germination was completely inhibited when treated with dihydrocoumarin at 1 g l‐1, and its root and shoot growth were significantly inhibited at an application rate of 0.005 g l‐1. Dihydrocoumarin showed highly efficient inhibition of root and shoot growth in barnyardgrass at low concentrations compared with coumarin. These findings show that weeds may be used as cover crops to provide allelochemicals for weed suppression and that dihydrocoumarin has the potential to be used as a bioherbicide.
Assessment of crab fishermen's exposure to rabies virus in a typical Amazonian community
Authors: de Paula Silva Nailde , de Andrade Elane de Araújo , Cardoso Denis , Guimarães Ruth Cavalcante Silva , Silva Mateus Borges , Nascimento Kelly Karoline Gomes , Xavier Diego de Arruda , Abel Isis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOutbreaks of human rabies transmitted by hematophagous bats occurred in 2018 in Pará state, Brazil, eastern Amazon, after 12 years of no record of the disease. Thus, it is necessary to understand the epidemiological characteristics of these attacks to protect the local population. This study aimed to characterize the bat bite populations in the municipality of São João da Ponta, Pará State, Brazil, in 2013–2015. The Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) database was used to identify the five individuals who sought medical care during the study period (seeds). Other individuals who were attacked during the same period but did not seek medical care (n = 61) were reached by snowball sampling, and a descriptive analysis was performed based on information obtained from questionnaires. Majority of the interviewees were men (92.4%; 61/66) and adults aged 20–50 years (69.9%; 46/66) and had <4 years of formal school education (86.3%; 57/66). Additionally, most of them were rural residents (92.4%; 61/66) and crab fishermen (79.3%; 53/66). The interviewees (92.4%; 61/66) identified mangroves of the Mãe Grande de Curuçá extractive reserve, where groups of fishermen sometimes gather for several days for crab fishing, often living in improvised dwellings without walls and covered by tarps or straw (88.8%; 56/66), conducive to attacks by vampire bats. Overall, 42.4% (28/66) of the participants had been bitten more than four times throughout their life. The median number of attacks over the participant's lifetime was 3.11 (range, 1–23). Participants were unaware of the risk of contracting rabies from the bite (95.4%; 65/66). These results suggest that vampire bat attacks are essentially an occupational hazard in the study region. Moreover, for each reported attack, there were at least 12.2 unreported cases. Thus, the study highlights the need to develop strategies for prophylactic treatment of this population.
Construcción de triángulos, recurso para impulsar un ambiente de indagación
Authors: Camargo-Uribe Leonor , Martínez-Mora Eliana 
Published: July 2021

Este artículo de investigación presenta una vía para involucrar a estudiantes en ambientes de indagación en donde exploren, conjeturen, justifiquen y comuniquen sus hallazgos, al resolver problemas de construcción geométrica con apoyo de GeoGebra. Para ello, se empleó la metodología experimento de diseño, con estudiantes de 10 a 12 años, para poner la vía en funcionamiento y evaluar su efectividad. Se concluye que el reto de promover tal ambiente va más allá del diseño de situaciones problema. Se requiere un cambio en la cultura de la clase, promovido principalmente por el profesor, para generar un espacio colectivo de participación.
Lecturas de etnografías colaborativas con niñas, niños y jóvenes en contextos educativos latinoamericanos
Authors: Guerrero Alba Lucy , Milstein Diana Judit 
Published: July 2021

Presentamos un análisis de etnografías colaborativas con la participación de niñas,niños y jóvenes(NNJ). Estos estudios fueron realizados en contextos escolares diversos de Argentina,Ecuador y México,con los cuales nos proponemos mostrar cómo es posible desarrollar etnografías educativas entre adultos y niños sobre fenómenos sociales y culturales de sus vidas cotidianas,sus memorias,sus emociones, y dar cuenta de aprendizajes que trascienden y enriquecen los conocimientos escolares. Metodológicamente, realizamos una lectura analítica sobre cuatro etnografías seleccionadas de un estado del arte previamente desarrollado sobre investigaciones colaborativas con NNJ. Este análisis visibiliza cómo las etnografías realizadas con NNJ aportan al campo de la investigación educativa.
Does the Time-of-Day of Exercise Influence the Total Volume of Exercise? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Objectively Monitored Physical Activity Among Active Individuals
Authors: Brooker Paige G. , Jung Mary E. , Kelly-Bowers Dominic , Morlotti Veronica , Gomersall Sjaan R. , King Neil A. , Leveritt Michael D. 
Published: July 2021

Background: To improve compliance and adherence to exercise, the concept of temporal consistency has been proposed. Before- and after-work are periods when most working adults may reasonably incorporate exercise into their schedule. However, it is unknown if there is an association between the time-of-day that exercise is performed and overall physical activity levels. Methods: Activity was assessed over 1 week in a sample of 69 active adults (n = 41 females; mean age = 34.9 [12.3] y). At the end of the study, participants completed an interviewer-assisted questionnaire detailing their motivation to exercise and their exercise time-of-day preferences. Results: Participants were classified as “temporally consistent” (n = 37) or “temporally inconsistent” (n = 32) exercisers based on their accelerometry data. The “temporally consistent” group was further analyzed to compare exercise volume between “morning-exercisers” (n = 16) and “evening-exercisers” (n = 21). “Morning-exercisers” performed a greater volume of exercise than “evening-exercisers” (419 [178] vs 330 [233] min by self-report; 368 [224] vs 325 [156] min actigraph-derived moderate to vigorous physical activity, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that active individuals use a mixture of temporal patterns to meet PA guidelines. Time-of-day of exercise should be reported in intervention studies so the relationship between exercise time-of-day, exercise behavior, and associated outcomes can be better understood.
Yenisei–Khatanga Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, northern east Siberia
Authors: Deev E. V. , Shemin G. G. , Vernikovsky V. A. , Bostrikov O. I. , Glazyrin P. A. , Matushkin N. Y. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Yenisei–Khatanga Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element (CTSE) is located between the Siberian Craton and the Taimyr–Severnaya Zemlya Fold and Thrust Belt. The total thickness of the Mesoproterozoic–Cenozoic sediments of the Yenisei–Khatanga CTSE reaches 20–25 km, and they are divided into four tectono-sedimentary elements (TSEs): (i) Mesoproterozoic–early Carboniferous Siberian Craton continental margin; (ii) middle Carboniferous–Permian synorogenic Taimyr foreland basin; (iii) late Permian–Early Triassic synrift; and (iv) Triassic–Early Paleocene post-rift. The last one is the most important in terms of its petroleum potential and is the most drilled part of the CTSE. Its thickness accounts for half of the total thickness of the Yenisei–Khatanga CTSE. The margins of the post-rift TSE and the inner system of inversion swells and adjacent troughs and depressions were shaped by three tectonic events: (i) Middle Triassic uplift of South Taimyr; (ii) the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Verkhoyansk Orogeny; and (iii) Late Cenozoic uplift. These processes led to more intense migration of hydrocarbons, the trap formation and their infill with hydrocarbons. Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous source rocks are mostly gas-prone; and of the 20 discovered fields in Jurassic and Cretaceous plays, 17 are gas or mixed-type fields.
Reconstruction of the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli using the non-hydrostatic WAVE model (NHWAVE)
Authors: Fornaciai Alessandro , Favalli Massimiliano , Nannipieri Luca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In December 2002, two landslides along the Sciara del Fuoco at Stromboli triggered large tsunami waves that caused significant damage on the coast of the island up to an elevation of about 10 m above sea-level. In this work, we report in detail the items and the methods used to reconstruct the 2002 tsunami at Stromboli highlighting their strengths and limits. In particular, we describe: (1) the non-hydrostatic WAVE model used to simulate the triggering landslide, the wave propagation and the inundation/runup on the land; (2) the data and methods used to generate the topo-bathymetric computational grid; and (3) the field data acquired on Stromboli after the 2002 tsunami used as ground truth for checking the simulation outputs. Our results show that the most severe damage on the coast of Stromboli could have been caused by the interaction of successive waves triggered by the same landslide. In addition, we also describe the influence that the bathymetry had on the waves propagation and interaction.
Association Between Patient‐Clinician Relationships and Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Black Adults: An Observational Study Design
Authors: Chang Teng‐Jen , Bridges John F. P. , Bynum Mary , Jackson John W. , Joseph Joshua J. , Fischer Michael A. , Lu Bo , Donneyong Macarius M. 
Published: July 2021

Background
We assessed the associations between patient‐clinician relationships (communication and involvement in shared decision‐making [SDM]) and adherence to antihypertensive medications.

Methods and Results
The 2010 to 2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data were analyzed. A retrospective cohort study design was used to create a cohort of prevalent and new users of antihypertensive medications. We defined constructs of patient‐clinician communication and involvement in SDM from patient responses to the standard questionnaires about satisfaction and access to care during the first year of surveys. Verified self‐reported medication refill information collected during the second year of surveys was used to calculate medication refill adherence; adherence was defined as medication refill adherence ≥80%. Survey‐weighted multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI for the association between both patient‐clinician constructs and adherence. Our analysis involved 2571 Black adult patients with hypertension (mean age of 58 years; SD, 14 years) who were either persistent (n=1788) or new users (n=783) of antihypertensive medications. Forty‐five percent (n=1145) and 43% (n=1016) of the sample reported having high levels of communication and involvement in SDM, respectively. High, versus low, patient‐clinician communication (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14–1.67) and involvement in SDM (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.61) were both associated with adherence to antihypertensives after adjusting for multiple covariates. These associations persisted among a subgroup of new users of antihypertensive medications.

Conclusions
Patient‐clinician communication and involvement in SDM are important predictors of optimal adherence to antihypertensive medication and should be targeted for improving adherence among Black adults with hypertension.
“I Lived without Seeing These Art Works”: (Albanian) Socialist Realism and/against Contemporary Art
Authors: Isto Raino 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article looks closely at the inclusion of Albanian Socialist Realism in one of renowned Swiss curator Harald Szeemann's last exhibitions, Blood & Honey: The Future's in the Balkans (Essl Museum, Vienna, 2003). In this exhibition, Szeemann installed a group of around 40 busts created during the socialist era in Albania, which he had seen installed at the National Gallery of Arts in Tirana. This installation of sculptures was part of an exhibition entitled Homo Socialisticus, curated by Gëzim Qëndro, and Szeemann deployed it as a generalized foil for “subversive” postsocialist contemporary art included in Blood & Honey. The Homo Socialisticus sculptures occupied a prominent place in the exhibition both spatially and rhetorically, and this article examines how we might read Blood & Honey—and the socialist past in general—through Szeemann's problematic incorporation of this collection of works in one of the key Balkans-oriented exhibitions staged in the early 2000s. The article argues that understanding how Szeemann misread—and discursively oversimplified—Albanian Socialist Realism can help us see not only the continued provincialization of Albania in the contemporary global art world, but more importantly the fundamental misunderstanding of Socialist Realism as a historical phenomenon and a precursor to contemporary geopolitical cultural configurations
If You Want to Say Something—Speak in the Language of the Language: Ewa Partum's Model of Conceptual Art
Authors: Majewska-Güde Karolina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The artistic practice of the Polish-born Ewa Partum can be divided chronologically into Polish (1965–1982), West Berlin (1982–89) and transnational / global (from 1989) periods. This essay focuses on the specificity of the conceptual art developed by Partum and her self-historicization as a conceptual artist. At the same time, it regards the local and global historicization of conceptual art as fragmentary and contradicting processes. The study examines local genealogy of Partum's conceptual strategies as part of a localized reflection on the geopolitics of knowledge; it considers a specific position of cultural production that is characteristic of Central and Eastern European neo-avant-gardes. It examines Partum's model of conceptual art in relation to Polish and Western practices. It is argued that Western conceptualism was only a point of reference for Partum's art. Works such as Presence / Absence or Luncheon on the Grass realized by Partum in years 1965–1972 formed a basis from which the artist responded to knowledge of the transnational conceptual movement that was disseminated through Mail Art and Fluxus networks. Analysis reveals Partum's model of conceptual art to be contrapuntal, as it is not subordinate to either its western inflection or local (Polish) cannons and protocols.
Free Trade vis-à-vis Morality: Revisiting the Public-Morals Exception Clause in the World Trade Organization
Authors: Sarkar Swargodeep 
Published: July 2021

The most sanctified obligation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the promotion and facilitation of international trade and liberalisation of the world economy. Although WTO members are committed to the WTO principle of free flow of goods and services among its members, the WTO permits its members to retain certain regulatory powers under its system to impose trade-restrictive measures based on certain exceptions, like, among other things, public morality under Article XX(a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT, 1994). Nevertheless, the question remains: what is public morality for a WTO member, and how far may this clause be invoked in defence of adopting trade-restrictive measures? Recently, the WTO panel on the US tariff case revived the long-standing debate on international trade versus public morality. Is a WTO member free to choose any trade-restrictive measure under the cloak of public morality? Then, what mechanism has the WTO panel/AB (Appellate Body) envisaged to check WTO members from adopting any trade-restrictive measure based on public morals? This article tries to answer these questions by analysing previous WTO disputes related to trade and morality. Against this background, this article looks back at the history of the public-morals exception clause, revisits previous WTO case laws on the public-morals exception and tries to ascertain the precise meaning of public morality—how the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) checks and balances two conflicting principles, that is, the right to regulate and the principle of free trade—and whether WTO has successfully developed a coherent jurisprudential approach to deal with contradictory interests, that is, trade versus morality. JEL Codes: F, F1, F13