bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of trazodone on cognitive decline in people with dementia: Cohort study using UK routinely collected data
Authors: Sommerlad Andrew , Werbeloff Nomi , Perera Gayan , Smith Tanya , Costello Harry , Mueller Christoph , Kormilitzin Andrey , Broadbent Matthew , Nevado‐Holgado Alejo , Lovestone Simon , Stewart Robert , Livingston Gill 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvidence in mouse models has found that the antidepressant trazodone may be protective against neurodegeneration. We therefore aimed to compare cognitive decline of people with dementia taking trazodone with those taking other antidepressants.MethodsThree identical naturalistic cohort studies using UK clinical registers. We included all people with dementia assessed during 2008–16 who were recorded taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine for at least 6 weeks. Linear mixed models examined age, time and sex‐adjusted Mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) change in people with all‐cause dementia taking trazodone compared with those taking citalopram and mirtazapine. In secondary analyses, we examined those with non‐vascular dementia; mild dementia; and adjusted results for neuropsychiatric symptoms. We combined results from the three study sites using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included 2,199 people with dementia, including 406 taking trazodone, with mean 2.2 years follow‐up. There was no difference in adjusted cognitive decline in people with all‐cause or non‐vascular dementia taking trazodone, citalopram or mirtazapine in any of the three study sites. When data from the three sites were combined in meta‐analysis, we found greater mean MMSE decline in people with all‐cause dementia taking trazodone compared to those taking citalopram (0·26 points per successive MMSE measurement, 95% CI 0·03–0·49; p = 0·03). Results in sensitivity analyses were consistent with primary analyses.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of cognitive benefit from trazodone compared to other antidepressants in people with dementia in three naturalistic cohort studies. Despite preclinical evidence, trazodone should not be advocated for cognition in dementia.
Identification of flood seasonality and drivers across Canada
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Ghosh Subimal , Simonovic Slobodan P. , Karmakar Subhankar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFloods are the most frequently occurring natural hazard in Canada. An in‐depth understanding of flood seasonality and its drivers at a national scale is essential. Here, a circular, statistics‐based approach is implemented to understand the seasonality of annual‐maximum floods (streamflow) and to identify their responsible drivers across Canada. Nearly 80% and 70% of flood events were found to occur during spring and summer in eastern and western watersheds across Canada, respectively. Flooding in the eastern and western watersheds was primarily driven by snowmelt and extreme precipitation, respectively. This observation suggests that increases in temperature have led to early spring snowmelt‐induced floods throughout eastern Canada. Our results indicate that precipitation (snowmelt) variability can exert large controls on the magnitude of flood peaks in western (eastern) watersheds in Canada. Further, the nonstationarity of flood peaks is modelled to account for impact of the dynamic behaviour of the identified flood drivers on extreme‐flood magnitude by using a cluster of 74 generalized additive models for location scale and shape models, which can capture both the linear and nonlinear characteristics of flood‐peak changes and can model its dependence on external covariates. Using nonstationary frequency analysis, we find that increasing precipitation and snowmelt magnitudes directly resulted in a significant increase in 50‐year streamflow. Our results highlight an east–west asymmetry in flood seasonality, indicating the existence of a climate signal in flood observations. The understating of flood seasonality and flood responses under the dynamic characteristics of precipitation and snowmelt extremes may facilitate the predictability of such events, which can aid in predicting and managing their impacts.
Weak numerical comparability of ISO‐7027‐compliant nephelometers. Ramifications for turbidity measurement applications
Authors: Davies‐Colley Rob , Hughes Andrew O. , Vincent Alex G. , Heubeck Stephan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNephelometric turbidity, a measure of light scattering by particles suspended in water, is commonly used for indicating water clarity or suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration. Different turbidity sensors have long been known to respond differently to the same suspensions. Design standards have been introduced to improve comparability of turbidity sensors, notably the ISO‐7027 standard adopted by a number of manufacturers. We compared six ISO‐7027‐compliant nephelometers in river silt, kaolinite (layer clay) and algae‐laden pond water, with rigorous tank experiments over a wide (100‐fold) concentration range. The responses of four different field‐type (in situ) and two cuvette instruments, all calibrated to the same freshly made formazin standards, were very strongly linearly correlated, but ranged about twofold in magnitude. Apparently, even sensors meeting the same design standard (ISO‐7027) cannot be relied on to output numerically similar formazin nephelometric unit (FNU) values. This weak numerical comparability highlights the futility of treating turbidity as an absolute quantity, for example in environmental standards or studies of fine SPM effects on aquatic life. Indeed, reporting of turbidity in informal units such as FNU is best avoided. Turbidity records should be converted, by site‐specific calibrations, to quantities of ultimate interest such as SPM concentration or total phosphorus. For performance monitoring of field nephelometers, we advocate routine site‐specific calibration, not to formazin, but to the light beam attenuation coefficient (beam‐c; units: m−1). Beam‐c is a proper (SI) physical quantity that can be precisely measured by beam transmissometry, as in our experiments, and is accurately convertible to visual clarity.
Changes in streamflow regimes and their responses to different soil and water conservation measures in the Loess Plateau watersheds, China
Authors: Zhang Shuyu , Zhao Guangju , Mu Xingmin , Tian Peng , Gao Peng , Sun Wenyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvestigating the changes in streamflow regimes in response to various influencing factors contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of hydrological processes in different watersheds and to water resource management strategies. This study examined streamflow regime changes by applying the indicators of hydrologic alteration method and eco‐flow metrics to daily runoff data (1965–2016) from the Sandu, Hulu and Dali Rivers on the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then determined their responses to terracing, afforestation and damming. The Budyko water balance equation and the double mass curve method were used to separate the impacts of climate change and human activities on the mean discharge changes. The results showed that the terraced and dammed watersheds exhibited significant decreases in annual runoff. All hydrologic metrics indicated that the highest degree of hydrologic alteration was in the Sandu River watershed (terraced), where the monthly and extreme flows reduced significantly. In contrast, the annual eco‐deficit increased significantly, indicating the highest reduction in streamflow among the three watersheds. The regulation of dams and reservoirs in the Dali River watershed has altered the flow regime, and obvious decreases in the maximum flow and slight increases in the minimum flow and baseflow indices were observed. In the Hulu River watershed (afforested), the monthly flow and extreme flows decreased slightly and were categorized as low‐degree alteration, indicating that the long‐term delayed effects of afforestation on hydrological processes. The magnitude of the eco‐flow metrics varied with the alteration of annual precipitation. Climate change contributed 67.47% to the runoff reduction in the Hulu River watershed, while human activities played predominant roles in reducing runoff in the Sandu and Dali River watersheds. The findings revealed distinct patterns and causes of streamflow regime alteration due to different conservation measures, emphasizing the need to optimize the spatial allocation of measures to control soil erosion and utilize water resources on the Loess Plateau.
Baseline lncRNA PCAT1 high expression and its longitude increment during induction therapy predict worse prognosis in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhao Xiaohong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNA PCAT1 (lnc‐PCAT1) involves in the proliferation and drug sensitivity of multiple myeloma (MM), while its prognostic role in MM patients is still obscure. This study aimed to explore the association of lnc‐PCAT1 with MM risk, clinical characteristics, treatment response, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).MethodsA total of 83 symptomatic MM patients were enrolled in this study. Additionally, 30 healthy bone marrow donors as health controls were also recruited. Bone marrow plasma cell samples of MM patients and health donors were collected. Lnc‐PCAT1 in bone marrow plasma cells was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLnc‐PCAT1 was increased in MM patients than in health donors (p < 0.001), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that lnc‐PCAT1 had excellent capability of discriminating MM patients from health donors (area under curve: 0.932, 95% confidence interval: 0.889–0.976). In MM patients, lnc‐PCAT1 was correlated with bone lesion (p = 0.024), higher β2‐MG (p = 0.005), LDH (p = 0.037), and presence of Del (17p) (p = 0.029). Lnc‐PCAT1 was also associated with poor ISS stage (p = 0.013) and R‐ISS stage (p = 0.005). Besides, lnc‐PCAT1 was reduced after treatment (p < 0.001); meanwhile, lnc‐PCAT1 before treatment was correlated with lower CR (p = 0.046) but not ORR (p = 0.185). Additionally, lnc‐PCAT1 after treatment was associated with lower CR (p = 0.003) and ORR (p = 0.010). Furthermore, baseline Inc‐PCAT1 high and Inc‐PCAT1 increase after treatment were correlated with worse PFS and OS (all p < 0.05).ConclusionLnc‐PCAT1 dysregulation serves as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis for MM.
Long‐Acting Lipoglycopeptides Can Interfere With Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Smelter Dan F. , Trisler Michael J. , McCreary Erin K. , Baker Matthew , Copeland Kenneth , Dilworth Thomas J. , Rose Warren E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOritavancin and dalbavancin are long‐acting lipoglycopeptides with activity against susceptible gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Though similar in structure to traditional glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin, these antibiotics have terminal half‐lives >10 days, and, as a result, there is potential for administration of vancomycin to a patient while oritavancin or dalbavancin are still appreciably present in serum. Given the structural similarities, this creates an opportunity for lab assay interference when performing therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin. Following higher‐than‐expected serum vancomycin concentrations in a patient who received both oritavancin and vancomycin within a short time frame, we evaluated the potential for lipoglycopeptide interference with clinical vancomycin assays. Five platforms covering 3 immunoassay technologies were used to quantify vancomycin concentrations in serum spiked with oritavancin or dalbavancin. Oritavancin generated spurious vancomycin concentrations (20%‐84% increase) in both enzyme‐multiplied immunoassay technique and a particle‐enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay. However, the improper detection of oritavancin was not consistent across all particle‐enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay platforms. Dalbavancin interference was not detected on any of the platforms tested. The interference from oritavancin may result in falsely elevated vancomycin concentrations and, subsequently, inappropriately adjusted vancomycin doses.
Influence of different calcium hydroxide removal protocols on the bond strength of epoxy resin‐based sealer in long oval root canals
Authors: Escobar Patrícia Maria , Lopes Fabiane Carneiro , Carvalho Kleber , Fretes Vicente , Hadid Gabriela Gavilán , Mazzi‐Chaves Jardel Francisco , Sousa‐Neto Manoel Damião 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of different protocols for Ca(OH)2 removal on the bond strength (BS) of epoxy resin‐based sealer in long oval root canals. Forty‐eight mandibular incisors with long oval root canals were selected by CBCT. Biomechanical preparation was performed, the samples were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste and distributed in four groups (n = 12): G‐without Ca(OH)2 paste (C); G2‐syringe/needle (SN); G3‐SN + XP‐Endo® Finisher (XPF); G4‐SN + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). After 7 days, Ca(OH)2 was removed and teeth were filled using AHPlus and guttapercha. In four samples from each group, the sealer was manipulated with 0.1% rhodamine to assess sealer penetration by fluorescent laser confocal microscopy (FLCM). Samples were sectioned in slices for BS, scanning electron microscopy, and FLCM analysis. The BS data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The lowest BS values were found for the SN group (12.89 ± 4.36) compared to C (35.55 ± 10.05), while PUI group presented intermediate values (28.57 ± 9.35) and the XPF group (31.34 ± 9.8) showed values that were sometimes similar to C group and sometimes similar to PUI group (p > .05). The analysis of the adhesive interface showed evident gaps, with the presence of residues between the dentin and the filling material for the SN group, and for C, XPF and PUI groups juxtaposed adhesive interface. FLCM images showed sealer penetration in the dentinal tubules along the entire perimeter for C, XPF, and PUI groups. Ca(OH)2 removal with XPF and PUI from long oval root canals resulted in higher bond strength values compared to SN, besides better sealer penetration on dentinal tubules and juxtaposed adhesive interface.
The peroxisomal transporter ABCD3 plays a major role in hepatic dicarboxylic fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis
Authors: Ranea‐Robles Pablo , Chen Hongjie , Stauffer Brandon , Yu Chunli , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Friedman Scott L. , Puchowicz Michelle , Houten Sander M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeroxisomes metabolize a specific subset of fatty acids, which include dicarboxylic fatty acids (DCAs) generated by ω‐oxidation. Data obtained in vitro suggest that the peroxisomal transporter ABCD3 (also known as PMP70) mediates the transport of DCAs into the peroxisome, but in vivo evidence to support this role is lacking. In this work, we studied an Abcd3 KO mouse model generated by CRISPR‐Cas9 technology using targeted and untargeted metabolomics, histology, immunoblotting, and stable isotope tracing technology. We show that ABCD3 functions in hepatic DCA metabolism and uncover a novel role for this peroxisomal transporter in lipid homeostasis. The Abcd3 KO mouse presents with increased hepatic long‐chain DCAs, increased urine medium‐chain DCAs, lipodystrophy, enhanced hepatic cholesterol synthesis and decreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, our study suggests that DCAs are metabolized by mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation when ABCD3 is not functional, reflecting the importance of the metabolic compartmentalization and communication between peroxisomes and mitochondria. In summary, this study provides data on the role of the peroxisomal transporter ABCD3 in hepatic lipid homeostasis and DCA metabolism, and the consequences of peroxisomal dysfunction for the liver.
Deep Generative Medical Image Harmonization for Improving Cross‐Site Generalization in Deep Learning Predictors
Authors: Bashyam Vishnu M. , Doshi Jimit , Erus Guray , Srinivasan Dhivya , Abdulkadir Ahmed , Singh Ashish , Habes Mohamad , Fan Yong , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul , Zhuo Chuanjun , Völzke Henry , Johnson Sterling C. , Fripp Jurgen , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Wolf Daniel H. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Morris John C. , Albert Marilyn S. , Grabe Hans J. , Resnick Susan M. , Bryan Nick R. , Wittfeld Katharina , Bülow Robin , Wolk David A. , Shou Haochang , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Davatzikos Christos ,   The iSTAGING and PHENOM consortia
Published: September 2021

BackgroundIn the medical imaging domain, deep learning‐based methods have yet to see widespread clinical adoption, in part due to limited generalization performance across different imaging devices and acquisition protocols. The deviation between estimated brain age and biological age is an established biomarker of brain health and such models may benefit from increased cross‐site generalizability.PurposeTo develop and evaluate a deep learning‐based image harmonization method to improve cross‐site generalizability of deep learning age prediction.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationEight thousand eight hundred and seventy‐six subjects from six sites. Harmonization models were trained using all subjects. Age prediction models were trained using 2739 subjects from a single site and tested using the remaining 6137 subjects from various other sites.Field Strength/SequenceBrain imaging with magnetization prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo or spoiled gradient echo sequences at 1.5 T and 3 T.AssessmentStarGAN v2, was used to perform a canonical mapping from diverse datasets to a reference domain to reduce site‐based variation while preserving semantic information. Generalization performance of deep learning age prediction was evaluated using harmonized, histogram matched, and unharmonized data.Statistical TestsMean absolute error (MAE) and Pearson correlation between estimated age and biological age quantified the performance of the age prediction model.ResultsOur results indicated a substantial improvement in age prediction in out‐of‐sample data, with the overall MAE improving from 15.81 (±0.21) years to 11.86 (±0.11) with histogram matching to 7.21 (±0.22) years with generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based harmonization. In the multisite case, across the 5 out‐of‐sample sites, MAE improved from 9.78 (±6.69) years to 7.74 (±3.03) years with histogram normalization to 5.32 (±4.07) years with GAN‐based harmonization.Data ConclusionWhile further research is needed, GAN‐based medical image harmonization appears to be a promising tool for improving cross‐site deep learning generalization.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 1
Secondary organizing pneumonia after recovery of mild COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Golbets Evgeny , Kaplan Alon , Shafat Tali , Yagel Yael , Jotkowitz Alan , Awesat Jenan , Barski Leonid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA 36‐year‐old male with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma on maintenance rituximab therapy presented to the emergency department with high fever and fatigue. A chest X‐ray showed a lobar infiltrate, 40 days before admission the patient suffered from a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and fully recovered. PCR nasopharyngeal swab was negative for COVID‐19. Comprehensive biochemical, radiological, and pathological evaluation including 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography and transbronchial lung biopsy found no pathogen or lymphoma recurrence. Treatment for pneumonia with antibiotic and antifungal agents was nonbeneficial. A diagnosis of secondary organizing pneumonia (OP) was made after pneumonia migration and a rapid response to corticosteroids. OP secondary to a viral respiratory infection has been well described. Raising awareness for post‐COVID‐19 OP has therapeutic and prognostic importance because those patients benefit from steroid therapy. We believe the condition described here is underdiagnosed and undertreated by doctors worldwide. Because of the ongoing global pandemic we are now encountering a new kind of patient, patients that have recovered from COVID‐19. We hope that this case may contribute to gaining more knowledge about this growing patient population.
Utilizing Plackett–Burman design and response surface analysis to optimize ultrasonic cleaning of pesticide residues from rape
Authors: Li Xiaohan , Xu Hui , Liu Fengmao , Peng Qingrong , Chen Fei , Guo Yangyang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticide residues in fruits and vegetables threaten food safety. Cleaning before eating is a usual way to remove pesticide residues, so it is very important to find the most efficient cleaning conditions for public health. However, many previous cleaning studies only focused on a single variable which required a large amount of time manpower and material resources. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology can avoid the earlier‐mentioned problems and have potential in studying the influence and interaction of multiple factors. In this study, the effect of five factors on the removal of triadimefon and boscalid from rape by ultrasonic washing was evaluated through PBD: pH of water, ultrasonic cleaning time, water temperature, initial residual concentration and volume of water.RESULTSTemperature had a significant effect on the rate of triadimefon removal while the other four factors impacted boscalid removal greatly. A higher temperature was better for the removal rate of triadimefon. Under alkaline environment, when initial residual concentration and cleaning time increased with decreasing water volume, the removal rate of boscalid increased. Furthermore, the interactions among factors were obtained. The regression coefficients of fitting equations about triadimefon and boscalid were 0.9657 and 0.9738, respectively.CONCLUSIONChanging pH of water, cleaning time, water volume and temperature during the washing process of rape through PBD designed experiments represents a valid strategy for improving the removal rate of two pesticides residue. This study provides a reference for ultrasonic cleaning conditions by a sink dishwasher, which has a positive effect on food safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.