bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive surgery total knee arthroplasty is less popular, but the prosthesis designed specifically for MIS provides good survival and PROMs with a minimum follow-up of 10 years
Authors: Toyoda Shinya , Kaneko Takao , Mochizuki Yuta , Hada Masaru , Takada Kazutaka , Ikegami Hiroyasu , Musha Yoshiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was introduced in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the late 1990s. The number of MIS TKAs has clearly decreased in recent years. An implant designed specifically for MIS TKA has been used all over the world, but there are no reports of long-term postoperative results. The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term clinical results with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.MethodsThis retrospective study included 109 consecutive patients with 143 NexGen CR-Flex prostheses, which are MIS tibial component prostheses designed specifically for MIS TKA. Twelve-year survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. Revision surgery for any reason was the endpoint. Long-term clinical and radiographic results of 74 knees (55%) in 60 patients with more than 10 years of follow-up were analyzed.ResultsThe cumulative survival rate of the single-radius posterior-stabilized TKA of 74 knees was 94.7% (95% confidence interval, 90–99%) at 12 years after surgery. Seven knees (9%) required additional surgery during the 10-year follow-up because of periprosthetic infections. Mean postoperative Knee Society knee score and functional score were 91 and 74 points, respectively. There were no cases of prosthesis breakage, polyethylene wear, or aseptic loosening of the prosthesis.ConclusionThe prosthesis designed specifically for MIS TKA is associated with good survival and clinical results with a minimum follow-up of 10 years, even though MIS TKA has become less popular.Level of evidenceIII
Quantitative imagery analysis of spot patterns for the three-haplogroup classification of Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), an important vector of Chagas disease
Authors: Cruz Daryl D. , Denis Dennis , Arellano Elizabeth , Ibarra-Cerdeña Carlos N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Spots and coloring patterns evaluated quantitatively can be used to discriminate and identify possible cryptic species. Species included in the Triatoma dimidiata (Reduviidae: Triatominae) complex are major disease vectors of Chagas disease. Phylogenetic studies have defined three haplogroups for Mexico and part of Central America. We report here our evaluation of the possibility of correctly discriminating these three T. dimidiata haplogroups using the pattern of the dorsal spots.

Methods
Digital images of the dorsal region of individuals from the three haplogroups were used. Image processing was used to extract primary and secondary variables characterizing the dorsal spot pattern. Statistical analysis of the variables included descriptive statistics, non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests, discriminant function analysis (DFA) and a neural classification network.

Results
A distinctive spot pattern was found for each haplogroup. The most differentiated pattern was presented by haplogroup 2, which was characterized by its notably larger central spots. Haplogroups 1 and 3 were more similar to each other, but there were consistent differences in the shape and orientation of the spots. Significant differences were found among haplogroups in almost all of the variables analyzed, with the largest differences seen for relative spot area, mean relative area of central spots, central spots Feret diameter and lateral spots Feret diameter and aspect ratio. Both the DFA and the neural network had correct discrimination values of > 90%.

Conclusions
Based on the results of this analysis, we conclude that the spot pattern can be reliably used to discriminate among the three haplogroups of T. dimidiata in Mexico, and possibly among triatomine species.

Graphical Abstract
Comparative efficacy of pharmacological agents on reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in the hypertriglyceridemia population: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Yan-yan , Yan Li , Wang Zhong-min , Wang Xi , Meng Hua , Li Wen-bo , Chen Dong-chang , Li Meng , Liu Jun , An Song-tao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is considered an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods
This study analyzed the effects of various agents on MACE risk reduction in HTG (serum triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl) populations by performing a network meta-analysis. We performed a frequentist network meta-analysis to conduct direct and indirect comparisons of interventions. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched for trials until Jul 6, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that reported MACE associated with agents in entire HTG populations or in subgroups were included. The primary outcome was MACE.

Results
Of the 2005 articles screened, 21 trials including 56,471 patients were included in the analysis. The network meta-analysis results for MACE risk based on frequency data showed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.19–1.46), gemfibrozil (OR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.20–1.95), niacin plus clofibrate (OR: 2.00; 95% CI 1.23–3.25), pravastatin (OR: 1.32; 95% CI 1.15–1.52), simvastatin (OR: 2.38; 95% CI 1.55–3.66), and atorvastatin (OR: 0.55; 95% CI 0.37–0.82) significantly reduced the risk of MACE compared to the control conditions. In the subgroup analysis of HTG patients with triglycerides ≥ 200 mg/dL, bezafibrate (OR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.33–0.94), EPA (OR: 0.72; 95% CI 0.62–0.82), and pravastatin (OR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.01–1.75) significantly reduced the MACE risk.

Conclusions
Simvastatin had a clear advantage in reducing the risk of MACE in the entire HTG population analyzed in this meta-analysis. EPA, but not omega-3 fatty acid, was considered an effective HTG intervention. Among fibrates, gemfibrozil was most effective, though bezafibrate may significantly reduce the risk of MACE in populations with triglyceride levels of 200–300 mg/dL.
Trial registration retrospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020213705).
The visceral fat area to leg muscle mass ratio is significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia among women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Xiao-He , Jiang Wei-Ran , Zhang Min-Ying , Shi Ying-Xin , Ji Yun-Ping , Li Chun-Jun , Lin Jing-Na 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
A significant positive association was found in previous studies among obesity, visceral fat accumulation, and hyperuricemia. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the ratio of visceral fat area to leg muscle mass (VFA-to-LMM) and hyperuricemia, and verify the role of gender differences in the association.

Methods
A total of 3393 (43.3% are men) participants from Tianjin Union Medical Center-Health Management Center were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The VFA-to-LMM ratio was used as the independent variable. Hyperuricemia, a serum uric acid level ≥ 416 μmol/L in men and in menopausal women and ≥ 357 μmol/L in premenopausal women, was used as the dependent variable. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval between the VFA-to-LMM ratio and hyperuricemia.

Results
The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 14.8% (8.9% in women, and 22.5% in men). After adjustment by age, smoking status (for males), menopause status (for females), drinking status, exercise frequency, blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, and history of diseases, a strong positive association was found between the VFA-to-LMM ratio and hyperuricemia in both men (4th vs. 1st quartile 1.60, 95%CI: 1.03–2.49) and women (4th vs. 1st quartile 5.22, 95%CI: 2.44–12.56). After additional adjustment by BMI, there was still a significant positive association in women (4th vs. 1st quartile 2.57, 95%CI: 1.06–6.77). The results of subgroup analysis showed that pre-menopausal women (4th vs. 1st quartile OR: 3.61) have a higher risk of hyperuricemia than postmenopausal women (4th vs. 1st quartile OR: 1.94) with the increase of the VFA-to-LMM ratio. Besides, the interaction analysis results showed the highest risk of hyperuricemia when VFA and LMM were both in the highest quantile (OR: 11.50; 95% CI: 4.86–31.98).

Conclusion
The VFA-to-LMM ratio was positively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in women after adjustment by confounders. Pre-menopausal women have a higher risk of hyperuricemia than postmenopausal women with the increase of the VFA-to-LMM ratio. In addition, the highest risk of hyperuricemia was demonstrated when both VFA and LMM were at the highest quartile.
Association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wang Xing-Wang , Hu Hao , Xu Zhi-Yong , Zhang Gong-Kai , Yu Qing-Hua , Yang Hui-Lan , Zheng Ji-Hua 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite the growing number of studies on the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), little is known about the association of menopausal status with COVID-19 outcomes.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, we included 336 COVID-19 inpatients between February 15, 2020 and April 30, 2020 at the Taikang Tongji Hospital (Wuhan), China. Electronic medical records including patient demographics, laboratory results, and chest computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed.

Results
In total, 300 patients with complete clinical outcomes were included for analysis. The mean age was 65.3 years, and most patients were women (n = 167, 55.7%). Over 50% of patients presented with comorbidities, with hypertension (63.5%) being the most common comorbidity. After propensity score matching, results showed that men had significantly higher odds than premenopausal women for developing severe disease type (23.7% vs. 0%, OR 17.12, 95% CI 1.00–293.60; p = 0.003) and bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 64.7%, OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.08–10.64; p = 0.04), but not for mortality (2.0% vs. 0%, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.04–19.12, p = 1.00). However, non-significant difference was observed among men and postmenopausal women in the percentage of severe disease type (32.7% vs. 41.7%, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–1.24, p = 0.21), bilateral lung infiltration (86.1% vs. 91.7%, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22–1.47, p = 0.24), and mortality (2.0% vs. 6.0%, OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.06–1.69, p = 0.25).

Conclusions
Men had higher disease severity than premenopausal women, while the differences disappeared between postmenopausal women and men. These findings support aggressive treatment for the poor prognosis of postmenopausal women in clinical practice.
Unfolded protein response in colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Pan Huayang , Wang Jinge , Wang Tong , Huo Xiaoyan , Ma Yong , Lu Zhaoyang , Sun Bei , Jiang Hongchi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy originating from either the colon or the rectum. A growing number of researches prove that the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. The UPR has three canonical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein sensors: inositol requiring kinase 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER eIF2α kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Each of the three pathways is closely associated with CRC development. The three pathways are relatively independent as well as interrelated. Under ER stress, the activated UPR boosts the protein folding capacity to maximize cell adaptation and survival, whereas sustained or excessive ER triggers cell apoptosis conversely. The UPR involves different stages of CRC pathogenesis, promotes or hinders the progression of CRC, and will pave the way for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. Meanwhile, the correlation between different signal branches in UPR and the switch between the adaptation and apoptosis pathways still need to be further investigated in the future.
Prion-induced photoreceptor degeneration begins with misfolded prion protein accumulation in cones at two distinct sites: cilia and ribbon synapses
Authors: Striebel James F. , Race Brent , Leung Jacqueline M. , Schwartz Cindi , Chesebro Bruce 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccumulation of misfolded host proteins is central to neuropathogenesis of numerous human brain diseases including prion and prion-like diseases. Neurons of retina are also affected by these diseases. Previously, our group and others found that prion-induced retinal damage to photoreceptor cells in mice and humans resembled pathology of human retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in retinal proteins. Here, using confocal, epifluorescent and electron microscopy we followed deposition of disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) and its association with damage to critical retinal structures following intracerebral prion inoculation. The earliest time and place of retinal PrPSc deposition was 67 days post-inoculation (dpi) on the inner segment (IS) of cone photoreceptors. At 104 and 118 dpi, PrPSc was associated with the base of cilia and swollen cone inner segments, suggesting ciliopathy as a pathogenic mechanism. By 118 dpi, PrPSc was deposited in both rods and cones which showed rootlet damage in the IS, and photoreceptor cell death was indicated by thinning of the outer nuclear layer. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL) in uninfected mice, normal host PrP (PrPC) was mainly associated with cone bipolar cell processes, but in infected mice, at 118 dpi, PrPSc was detected on cone and rod bipolar cell dendrites extending into ribbon synapses. Loss of ribbon synapses in cone pedicles and rod spherules in the OPL was observed to precede destruction of most rods and cones over the next 2–3 weeks. However, bipolar cells and horizontal cells were less damaged, indicating high selectivity among neurons for injury by prions. PrPSc deposition in cone and rod inner segments and on the bipolar cell processes participating in ribbon synapses appear to be critical early events leading to damage and death of photoreceptors after prion infection. These mechanisms may also occur in human retinitis pigmentosa and prion-like diseases, such as AD.
Examining the Effect of a 1-yr Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Youth with Overweight or Obesity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Moore Justin B. , Benítez-Porres Javier , Skelton Joseph A. , Vargas-Candela Antonio , South Andrew M. , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Bernal-López M. Rosa 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Physical activity and healthy eating are key to managing overweight/obesity but may not induce adequate improvements in biomarkers of health. Characterizing the effect of behavioral interventions on cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers could help guide a personalized approach to lifestyle change; however, little is known about the relationship between lifestyle changes and biomarkers in youth with overweight/obesity. We sought to determine how cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers change in metabolically healthy youth with overweight/obesity in response to a 1-yr-long physical activity and healthy eating lifestyle intervention. Fifty children (8.7 ± 1.1 yr, 52% male) provided complete data on physical activity, dietary intake, body composition, blood pressure, and fasting biomarkers (insulin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α). A series of t-tests were conducted to assess change over time, with a series of ordinary least squares regressions conducted to examine the association between change in markers responsive to the intervention and changes in macronutrient intake and physical activity, controlling for sex and change in percent body fat. Significant health-enhancing changes were seen over 1 yr in moderate and vigorous physical activity, percent body fat, macronutrient intake, insulin, and inflammatory markers, whereas sedentary time and resistin increased and light physical activity decreased. When change in biomarkers was regressed on behavior changes and change in percent body fat, changes in carbohydrate intake and body fat predicted change in insulin, change in fat intake predicted change in adiponectin, and change in carbohydrate intake predicted interleukin-6 in fully adjusted models. A lifestyle intervention over 1 yr was effective in producing positive changes in moderate and vigorous physical activity, macronutrient intake, insulin, and inflammatory markers, but these changes were not associated with changes in physical activity. Macronutrient changes were modestly associated with changes in insulin, resistin, and interleukin-6.
Case Report: Don’t chew the fufu: a case report of suspected drug body stuffing
Authors: Jimenez Naya , Tran Nguyen Toan , Poletti Pierre-Alexandre , Platon Alexandra , Meach Francesco , Juillerat André , Getaz Laurent , Wolff Hans 
Published: January 2021

Background: Intrabody concealment of illicit substances is a common practice in the trafficking chain. Body packing is a technique used in drug trafficking that consists of deliberately ingesting many drug pellets. Body stuffing consists of precipitously swallowing packets of substances, which are smaller and more fragile than body-packing pellets, for concealment from law-enforcement officers in anticipation of impending search or arrest. Therefore, body stuffing is particularly dangerous due to the rupture risk of the loosely wrapped drug packets, which could lead to substance intoxication or even death. Case presentation: This article reports the case of a young man who was taken by law enforcement authorities to our Emergency Department for investigation of suspected body stuffing. Although the patient denied the facts, the initial reading of the computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of multiple images compatible with drug pellets, which were mostly in the stomach. The pellet findings were more consistent with body packing than body stuffing as initially suspected by the police. However, upon admission to our secured inpatient ward for clinical surveillance of pellet evacuation, the patient denied again having ingested such pellets, and declared that he only ate ‘fufu’. Fufu is a traditional food of central and western Africa consisting of a starchy preparation compacted by hand into small balls. Fufu balls are usually swallowed without chewing to allow a sensation of stomach fullness throughout the day. Considering the fufu intake history, a careful reassessment of the imaging confirmed the presence of food content. Conclusions: This case study offers an example of suspected intrabody concealment of illicit substances, which turned out to be false positive due to fufu. It illustrates the importance of a history of food intake that could bias the interpretation of CT scan images.
Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in hemodialysis patients: trends in dialysis centers of Northern Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Shah Syed Asim Ali , Arshad Naveed , Riaz Faiza , Kiani Rizwan Saeed , Quddus Muhammad Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are at increased risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Guidelines suggest that all patients with CKD should be vaccinated against HBV, but these guidelines are usually not followed. We conducted this study to know the status of vaccination against HBV in CKD patients on regular hemodialysis. Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Teaching Hospital, Poonch Medical College Rawalakot , and POF Teaching Hospital, Wah Medical College Wah Cantt, from March to July 2019. Patients reporting to the dialysis center of both hospitals on regular dialysis were included in the study. Patient information (HBV vaccination status, age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, duration of CKD and duration of dialysis) were collected on a specially designed questionnaire. The statistical analysis of data was done in SPSS for Windows, version 20. Results: A total 149 patients were included in the study, 63.1% were male and 36.9% were female. Out of these 24.2% were uneducated, 33.6% had 1-10 years school education, 38.2% had 10-14 years education, and 4% had more than 14 years education. About 35% patients were from low socioeconomic class, 54% from middle and 11% from higher class. Only 45.6% (n=68) of patients were vaccinated and 54.4% (n=81) were not vaccinated against HBV. Vaccination status was significantly associated with education (p=0.004) and socioeconomic status (p=0.008). Conclusion: The HBV status of patients on regular hemodialysis is not satisfactory at the two centers observed. It is associated with education and socioeconomic status of the patient.
A tale of two SCADs: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection series
Authors: Rao Sanjana , Mittal Nitish , Ansari Mohammad M 
Published: January 2021

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), a relatively rare condition, occurs when a tear is present in the coronary artery walls, slowing the flow of blood due to potential clotting. Most patients show symptoms of chest pain or shortness of breath; however, SCAD is seen mostly in relatively young and healthy women with minimal past medical history. Within this report, we present two female SCAD patients and the etiology of a SCAD case, including a complicated diagnosis and treatment. We describe a 33-year-old woman and a 40-year-old woman both presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. Electrocardiogram was done and coronary artery angiography was performed on both patients, demonstrating a SCAD. Both patients were treated with aspirin, bet-blockers, and statin to relieve associated symptoms and accordingly discharged.

Key words: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), Female, intramural hematoma
Safety study of extract of medicago sativa sowing grass
Authors: Yeriomenko Rimma F. , Maloshtan Lyudmila N. 
Published: January 2021

In this study there was determined the absence of toxic effect after a single intragastric administration of EGMS at a dose of 5000 mg / kg to male and female rats. According to the conventional toxicological classification of substances, under the intragastric administration EGMS belongs to class V of toxicity – practically harmless substances (LD50 >5000 mg / kg). The results of macro- and microscopic studies of internal organs in 14 days after a single intragastric administration of EGMS at a dose of 5000 mg / kg showed the absence of any anatomical and morphological disorders in tissue structures of male and female rats. The calculated value of TI, which lies beyond 200, indicates a high level of safety of EGMS and its prospectivity for medical practice as an effective and safe corrector of protein metabolism with an anabolic action.