bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripapillary vessel density measurement of quadrant and clock-hour sectors in primary angle closure glaucoma using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Lin Yongdong , Chen Shirong , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes in quadrant and clock-hour sectors by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study on forty-one PACG patients (41eyes) and twenty-seven healthy subjects (27 eyes). All subjects underwent OCTA (DRI OCT Triton; Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness imaging with swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). The peripapillary vessel density of quadrant and clock-hour sectors was quantified by imageJ software. The diagnostic capability of OCTA and OCT parameters was evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs). Pearson correlation analysis or Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between vessel density parameters and related factors.

Results
Compared with the control group, the peripapillary vessel density of glaucomatous group was lower to different degrees in the four quadrants and each clock-hour sectors, and vessel density reduced most at 7 o’clock. The difference between the diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density and peripapillary RNFL thickness was not statistically significant, except 4 o’clock and inferior quadrant. The inferior quadrant peripapillary vessel density had the best diagnostic value (AUC0.969), followed by the 7 o’clock vessel density (AUC0.964), average vessel density (AUC0.939) and the 7 o’clock RNFL thickness (AUC0.919). The average peripapillary vessel density was correlated with average RNFL and visual field (VF) mean deviation (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In PACG, the diagnostic ability of the peripapillary vessel density is equivalent to the peripapillary RNFL thickness. Understanding spatial characteristics of the peripapillary vessel density in PACG may be helpful for clinical diagnosis and monitoring the progress of diseases.
Collusion of α-Synuclein and Aβ aggravating co-morbidities in a novel prion-type mouse model
Authors: Lloyd Grace M. , Dhillon Jess-Karan S. , Gorion Kimberly-Marie M. , Riffe Cara , Fromholt Susan E. , Xia Yuxing , Giasson Benoit I. , Borchelt David R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The misfolding of host-encoded proteins into pathological prion conformations is a defining characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Lewy body dementia. A current area of intense study is the way in which the pathological deposition of these proteins might influence each other, as various combinations of co-pathology between prion-capable proteins are associated with exacerbation of disease. A spectrum of pathological, genetic and biochemical evidence provides credence to the notion that amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation can induce and promote α-synuclein pathology, driving neurodegeneration.

Methods
To assess the interplay between α-synuclein and Aβ on protein aggregation kinetics, we crossed mice expressing human α-synuclein (M20) with APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice (L85) to generate M20/L85 mice. We then injected α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) unilaterally into the hippocampus of 6-month-old mice, harvesting 2 or 4 months later.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis of M20/L85 mice revealed that pre-existing Aβ plaques exacerbate the spread and deposition of induced α-synuclein pathology. This process was associated with increased neuroinflammation. Unexpectedly, the injection of α-synuclein PFFs in L85 mice enhanced the deposition of Aβ; whereas the level of Aβ deposition in M20/L85 bigenic mice, injected with α-synuclein PFFs, did not differ from that of mice injected with PBS.

Conclusions
These studies reveal novel and unexpected interplays between α-synuclein pathology, Aβ and neuroinflammation in mice that recapitulate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia.
Unclogging the effects of the Angiojet® thrombectomy system on kidney function: a case report
Authors: Roper Tayeba , Amaran Muhammad , Saha Prakash , Breen Cormac , Game David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
AngioJet® is an increasingly used method of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of patients with arterial and venous thromboses. AngioJet® has been shown to cause intravascular haemoylsis universally. We report the case of a 29 year old patient who underwent AngioJet® thrombectomy and post-procedure developed a stage 3 Acute kidney injury (AKI.) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), secondary to intravascular haemolysis. We aim to explore the mechanism and potential risk factors associated with developing AKI in these patients and suggest steps to optimise patient management.

Case presentation
A 29 year old Caucasian male who developed a stage 3 AKI, requiring RRT, following AngioJet® thrombectomy for an occluded femoral vein stent. Urine and laboratory investigations showed evidence of intravascular haemolysis, which was the likely cause of AKI. Following a brief period of RRT he completely recovered renal function.

Conclusions
AKI is an increasingly recognised complication following AngioJet® thrombectomy, but remains underappreciated in clinical practice. AKI results from intravascular haemolysis caused by the device. Up to 13% of patients require RRT, but overall short-term prognosis is good. Pre-procedural risk factors for the development of AKI include recent major surgery. Sodium bicarbonate should be administered to those who develop renal impairment. Renal biopsy is high risk and does not add to management. Increased clinician awareness and vigilance for AKI post-procedure can allow for early recognition and referral to nephrology services for ongoing management.
3D modelling of an Asbad (Persian windmill): a link between vernacular architecture and mechanical system with a focus on Nehbandan windmill
Authors: Zarrabi Mahsa , Valibeig Nima 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Asbads (Persian windmills) present a multifaceted view of using heritage science. These mills are no longer in use due to advances in technology and the advent of new grinding systems. Windmills show perfect harmony between vernacular architecture and mechanical system. This paper aims to review and analyze the mechanism of one of these windmills in Iran and illustrate how these historical buildings can bridge the gaps between these two science branches for better understanding of cultural heritage. To that purpose, a precise 3D modelling of mechanical components and architectural elements is provided based on architectural survey, photographs and sketches. This study addresses how vernacular architecture, with the specific flexibility, can be considered as one of the most useful tools for human beings. Thus, one of the Iranian windmills in Nehbandan was selected through field studies to be modelled. In this construction, local materials such as wood, adobe and stone are used. Findings reveal that windmills and their architectural flexibility are consistent with mechanical components and address environmental needs.
Stenting deferral in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: exploring benefits and suitable interval in heavy thrombus burden
Authors: Magdy Ahmed M. , Demitry Salwa R. , Hasan-Ali Hosam , Zaky Mohamed , Abd El-Hady Mohamed , Abdel Ghany Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Deferred stenting, despite being successful in early studies, showed no benefit in recent trials. However, these trials were testing routine deferral; not in patients with heavy thrombus burden.

Results
This is a prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial that included 150 patients who presented with STEMI, patients were allocated into three equal groups after the coronary angiography ± primary intervention and before stenting of the culprit lesion; group (A) included 50 patients with early deferral of stenting, group (B) included 50 patients with late deferral and group (C) included 50 patients with immediate stenting. No-reflow was significantly higher in group C, while Final TIMI flow grade 3 and MBG grade 3 were significantly higher in group A and B than group C; p = 0.019 and < 0.001 respectively, with no significant difference between groups A and B, only the thrombus resolution in group B was significantly higher than group A; p < 0.001. Finally, 6-months, over-all MACE was significantly higher in group C (34.7% vs. 14.6% and 16.3%, p = 0.029).

Conclusions
Stent deferral was proved to be better than immediate stenting after recanalization of IRA, in achieving TIMI III flow, reducing risk of 6 months MACE, and restoration of myocardial function in a subset of STEMI patients presenting with large thrombus burden. While, no significant difference was found between both deferral times in final TIMI flow, or clinical outcomes.
Assessing the physical healthcare gap among patients with severe mental illness: large real-world investigation from Italy
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Valsassina Valeria , Lora Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Background
One critical barrier to the uptake of mental health programmes is the so-called physical healthcare gap, a concern raised by the unattended physical comorbidity and early mortality of persons with severe mental illness.

Aims
To evaluate the extension of physical healthcare gap among persons with severe mental illness under chronic drug therapies.

Method
A population-based cohort study was carried out, using Lombardy healthcare utilisation databases. Prevalent patients treated with blood pressure-, lipid- or glucose-lowering agents were identified in January 2017. Among these, those who were receiving care for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or personality disorder formed the study cohort. A reference cohort was randomly selected from prevalent patients treated with chronic therapies without signs of severe mental disorders, to be matched with study cohort members for gender, age and number of previous contacts with the National Health System. One-year adherence to healthcare was measured through the proportion of days covered (drug adherence), and exposure to selected recommendations (clinical control adherence).

Results
The 55 162 patients with severe mental illness were less likely to have high adherence to blood pressure-lowering, lipid-lowering or antidiabetic agents than the reference cohort by −24% (95% CI −26 to −22%), −10% (95% CI −14 to −6%) and −25% (95% CI −29 to −21%), respectively. The 9250 patients with diabetes and severe mental illness had −18% (95% CI −22% to −13%) reduced likelihood to meet recommendations for the clinical management of diabetes, compared with the reference cohort.

Conclusions
Adherence to chronic drug therapies was sensibly worse among patients living with mental illness than those without signs of mental disorders.
Serial interval of COVID-19 and the effect of Variant B.1.1.7: analyses from prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)
Authors: Geismar Cyril , Fragaszy Ellen , Nguyen Vincent , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Shrotri Madhumita , Beale Sarah , Rodger Alison , Lampos Vasileios , Byrne Thomas , Kovar Jana , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Patel Parth , Aldridge Robert W , Hayward Andrew ,   on behalf of Virus Watch Collaborative
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Increased transmissibility of B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) in the UK may explain its rapid emergence and global spread. We analysed data from putative household infector - infectee pairs in the Virus Watch Community cohort study to assess the serial interval of COVID-19 and whether this was affected by emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant. Methods: The Virus Watch study is an online, prospective, community cohort study following up entire households in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic. Putative household infector-infectee pairs were identified where more than one person in the household had a positive swab matched to an illness episode. Data on whether or not individual infections were caused by the B.1.1.7 variant were not available. We therefore developed a classification system based on the percentage of cases estimated to be due to B.1.1.7 in national surveillance data for different English regions and study weeks. Results: Out of 24,887 illnesses reported, 915 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 186 likely ‘infector-infectee’ pairs in 186 households amongst 372 individuals were identified. The mean COVID-19 serial interval was 3.18 (95%CI: 2.55 - 3.81) days. There was no significant difference (p=0.267) between the mean serial interval for VOC hotspots (mean = 3.64 days, (95%CI: 2.55 – 4.73)) days and non-VOC hotspots, (mean = 2.72 days, (95%CI: 1.48 – 3.96)). Conclusions: Our estimates of the average serial interval of COVID-19 are broadly similar to estimates from previous studies and we find no evidence that B.1.1.7 is associated with a change in serial intervals. Alternative explanations such as increased viral load, longer period of viral shedding or improved receptor binding may instead explain the increased transmissibility and rapid spread and should undergo further investigation.
The reliability of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System in children: An international validation study
Authors: Mo Andrew Z. , Miller Patricia E. , Pizones Javier , Helenius Ilkka , Ruf Michael , El-Hawary Ron , de Oliveira Rafael Garcia , Ovadia Dror , Kawakami Noriaki , Crawford Haemish , Odent Thierry , Yazici Muharrem , Johnson Michael B. , Miyanji Firoz , Hedequist Daniel J. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose To evaluate the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System and if it is reliable and reproducible when applied to the paediatric population globally. Methods A total of 12 paediatric orthopaedic surgeons were asked to review MRI and CT imaging of 25 paediatric patients with thoracolumbar spine traumatic injuries, in order to determine the classification of the lesions observed. The evaluators classified injuries into primary categories: A, B and C. Interobserver reliability was assessed for the initial reading by Fleiss's kappa coefficient (kF) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For A and B type injuries, sub-classification was conducted including A0-A4 and B1-B2 subtypes. Interobserver reliability across subclasses was assessed using Krippendorff's alpha (αk) along with bootstrapped 95% CIs. A second round of classification was performed one-month later. Intraobserver reproducibility was assessed for the primary classifications using Fleiss's kappa and sub-classification reproducibility was assessed by Krippendorff's alpha (αk) along with 95% CIs. Results In total, 25 cases were read for a total of 300 initial and 300 repeated evaluations. Adjusted interobserver reliability was almost perfect (kF = 0.74; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78) across all observers. Sub-classification reliability was substantial (αk= 0.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.81), Adjusted intraobserver reproducibility was almost perfect (kF = 0.91; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99) for both primary classifications and for sub-classifications (αk = 0.88; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93). Conclusion The inter- and intraobserver reliability for the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System was high amongst paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. The AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System is a promising option as a uniform fracture classification in children. Level of Evidence III
Collocation and Constitution
Authors: Ruben David-Hillel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany philosophers accept the view that, when one object constitutes a second (say a tree and an aggregate of wood molecules), the two objects can be entirely in the same place at the same time (collocated). But what of two objects such that neither constitutes the other (a non-constituting pair)? Can they be collocated? If there can be such a pair of objects, they would have to share the same material constituents. To show that there are two collocated objects and not just one object at a specific time and place, one has to show that one of the objects has some property that the other fails to have. I claim that the properties I use in my example are legitimate substitution instances in the Law of the Indiscernibility of Identicals. I offer a metaphysically possible example that illustrates such collocation, a possible case from ‘raw nature’, two trees.
Crystal structure of (3E,5E)-1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis(3-fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one-dichloromethane (1/1), C27H20Cl2F2N2O3S
Authors: Gao Zhong-Fei , Wang Lei , Hou Gui-Ge , Wang Chun-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
C27H20Cl2F2N2O3S, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.7887(4) Å, b = 11.2517(6) Å, c = 13.7609(7) Å, α = 74.962(4)°, β = 81.084(4)°, γ = 71.259(4)°, V = 1240.68(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0582, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1543, T = 100.0(1) K.
Task- and Intensity-Dependent Modulation of Arm-Trunk Neural Interactions in the Corticospinal Pathway in Humans
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Kaneko Naotsugu , Masugi Yohei , Kato Tatsuya , Milosevic Matija , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost human movements require coordinated activation of multiple muscles. Although many studies reported associations between arm, leg, and trunk muscles during functional tasks, their neural interaction mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate arm-trunk or arm-leg neural interactions in the corticospinal tract during different arm muscle contractions. Specifically, we examined corticospinal excitability of the erector spinae (ES; trunk extensor), rectus abdominis (RA; trunk flexor), and tibialis anterior (TA; leg) muscles while participants exerted: (1) wrist flexion and (2) wrist extension isometric contraction at various contraction intensity levels ranging from rest to 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) effort. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited through motor cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results showed that ES MEPs were facilitated even at low contractions (>5% MVC) during wrist flexion and extension, while stronger contractions (>25% MVC) were required to facilitate RA MEPs. The extent of facilitation of ES MEPs depended on contraction intensity of wrist extension, but not flexion. Moreover, TA MEPs were facilitated at low contractions (>5% MVC) during wrist flexion and extension, but contraction intensity dependence was only shown during stronger wrist extension contractions (>25% MVC). In conclusion, trunk extensor corticospinal excitability seems to depend on the task and the intensity of arm contraction, while this is not true for trunk flexor and leg muscles. Our study therefore demonstrated task- and intensity-dependent neural interactions of arm-trunk connections, which may underlie anatomic and/or functional substrates of these muscle pairs.
Aplicaciones de conteo de calorías en pacientes con trastornos de conducta alimentaria.
Authors: Del Valle Cipatli Ayuzo , Elizondo-Galdeano Claudia , Rosiles Nidia Albelzy Martinez , Arreola Karina Aurora Ramírez , Lara Francisco J. Rodríguez 
Published: September 2021

Los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) son enfermedades psiquiátricas con bases genéticas, metabólicas y neurológicas frecuentes en la población adolescente. Los adolescentes son los mayores usuarios de aplicaciones electrónicas en teléfonos inteligentes; existen aplicaciones de conteo de calorías que pudieran afectar el desarrollo de los TCA. Se realiza este estudio con el objetivo de conocer las aplicaciones utilizadas en una población de pacientes con TCA y su afección en el desarrollo de su enfermedad. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de Cohorte prospectivo en pacientes con Diagnóstico de TCA por los criterios del DSM V ;se aplicaron los cuestionarios EDE-Q y un cuestionario cualitativo sobre aplicaciones en teléfonos inteligentes en relación al conteo de calorías. Resultados: En nuestra población n=54 la edad promedio fue de 15.5 años (8-21) en su mayoría población femenina (92%), el TCA más frecuente fue anorexia (70.3%). La mayoría tenía descargada más de una aplicación. La aplicación de conteo de calorías más frecuentemente descargada fue MyFitnessPal seguido de Lifesum. Las participantes consideran que éstas aplicaciones contribuyeron al desarrollo de su enfermedad. Conclusión: El conocimiento del uso de aplicaciones de conteo de calorías puede ayudar a los padres de familia a vigilar y supervisar su uso y a los profesionales de salud a poder interrogar su uso y abuso y los efectos en población vulnerable a diagnosticar un TCA.
Gambaran Penerapan Prinsip Higiene Sanitasi Makanan di Kantin PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Pabrik Tuban, Jawa Timur
Authors: Nussy Grace Bella K 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada usia yang produktif dan sanggup untuk bekerja memerlukan asupan makanan yang bergizi dan aman. Pentingnya penyediaan asupan gizi di lingkungan kerja, PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Pabrik Tuban menyediakan layanan makanan dan fasilitas kantin bagi pekerja maupun pengunjung yang datang. Berdasarkan laporan tahunan BPOM tahun 2016 dan 2017, dilihat dari lokasi terjadinya KLB keracunan pangan terbesar ketiga terjadi di area kantor/ pabrik. Mencegah kejadian serupa salah satunya dengan menerapkan prinsip higiene sanitasi makanan pada kegiatan pengolahan makanan.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penulisan artikel adalah untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari penerapan higiene sanitasi makanan mulai dari pemilihan bahan makanan sampai penyajian makanan yang telah dilaksanakan di kantin PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Pabrik Tuban.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif berupa observasi dan wawancara.Hasil: Kegiatan pengolahan makanan terutama di lingkungan kerja penting untuk memperhatikan dan menerapkan higiene sanitasi makanan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya permasalahan kesehatan serta bahaya lainnya yang diakibatkan oleh makanan dan kerugian lainnya. Berdasarkan Permenkes Nomor 1096 Tahun 2011 tentang Higiene Sanitasi Jasaboga, higiene sanitasi adalah upaya untuk mengendalikan faktor risiko terjadinya kontaminasi terhadap makanan, baik yang berasal dari makanan, orang, tempat dan peralatan agar makanan aman untuk di konsumsi. Terdapat enam prinsip dalam penerapan higiene sanitasi makanan, yaitu 1) Pemilihan bahan makanan, 2) Penyimpanan bahan makanan, 3) Pengolahan makanan, 4) Penyimpanan makanan jadi/ masak, 5) Pengangkutan makanan dan 6) Penyajian makanan.Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pengolahan makanan sebagian besar telah memenuhi dan beberapa aspek ada yang belum memenuhi. Kegiatan pengolahan makanan yang belum memenuhi prinsip higiene sanitasi makanan adalah penyimpanan bahan baku, pengolahan makanan dan penyajian makanan. Kata Kunci: higiene sanitasi, pengolahan makanan, kantin pabrik