bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnification effect on fine motor skills of dental students
Authors: Wajngarten Danielle , Pazos Júlia Margato , Menegazzo Vinícius Perassoli , Novo Juliana Pimentel Duarte , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
This study observed the effect of different magnification systems on dental students’ real and perceived fine motor skills.

Methods
This was a laboratory-based experimental study. Students in the fifth year of an undergraduate dentistry program (N = 92) participated in this study. The dependent variables were real motor skills, perceived motor skills and time required to complete the fine motor skills test. The independent variable was the use of a magnification system under four conditions. For each condition, the Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment was performed, which consisted of inserting the #3195FF bur into targets positioned on a Styrofoam plate. The accuracy of each penetration of the targets was scored, using a point system with a maximum possible score of 246 points. Students’ perceived fine motor skills were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from zero for no skills to ten for maximum skills. A descriptive statistical analysis and the repeated measures ANOVA were performed (α = 0.05).

Results
The Galilean and Keplerian loupes were found to positively affect students’ real fine motor skills (p<0.01); however, perceived fine motor skills and time were significantly better (p<0.01) under the naked eye.

Conclusions
Dental students’ real fine motor skills were better when Galilean and Keplerian loupes were used, but the perceived fine motor skills were not.
Fructose-induced severe hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus: a cautionary tale
Authors: Dugic Ana , Kryk Michael , Mellenthin Claudia , Braig Christoph , Catanese Lorenzo , Petermann Sandy , Kothmann Jürgen , Mühldorfer Steffen 
Published: November 2021

Summary
Drinking fruit juice is an increasingly popular health trend, as it is widely perceived as a source of vitamins and nutrients. However, high fructose load in fruit beverages can have harmful metabolic effects. When consumed in high amounts, fructose is linked with hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver and insulin resistance. We present an unusual case of a patient with severe asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 9182 mg/dL) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, who reported a daily intake of 15 L of fruit juice over several weeks before presentation. The patient was referred to our emergency department with blood glucose of 527 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 17.3%. Interestingly, features of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state were absent. The patient was overweight with an otherwise unremarkable physical exam. Lipase levels, liver function tests and inflammatory markers were closely monitored and remained unremarkable. The initial therapeutic approach included i.v. volume resuscitation, insulin and heparin. Additionally, plasmapheresis was performed to prevent potentially fatal complications of hypertriglyceridemia. The patient was counseled on balanced nutrition and detrimental effects of fruit beverages. He was discharged home 6 days after admission. At a 2-week follow-up visit, his triglyceride level was 419 mg/dL, total cholesterol was 221 mg/dL and HbA1c was 12.7%. The present case highlights the role of fructose overconsumption as a contributory factor for severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes. We discuss metabolic effects of uncontrolled fructose ingestion, as well as the interplay of primary and secondary factors, in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by diabetes.

Learning points

Excessive dietary fructose intake can exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia in patients with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and absence of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

When consumed in large amounts, fructose is considered a highly lipogenic nutrient linked with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL).

Severe lipemia (triglyceride plasma level > 9000 mg/dL) could be asymptomatic and not necessarily complicated by acute pancreatitis, although lipase levels should be closely monitored.

Plasmapheresis is an effective adjunct treatment option for rapid lowering of high serum lipids, which is paramount to prevent acute complications of severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Pediatric ICD-10-CM
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

In this first edition, Pediatric ICD-10-CM: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding strives to bring to the pediatric provider, coder, and biller the most accurate and easy-to use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Composed entirely with a pediatrics focus, this manual exclusively features codes and guidelines for physician- and provider-based coding, all in a simplified yet familiar format.
The full draft of the ICD-10-CM code set comes in at well over 1,000 pages. This book condenses that large and potentially cumbersome book into 400 pages of the most relevant,pediatrics-related codes and guidelines. It also fully integrates into the tabular list specific chapter and code guidelines. Guideline are now included directly at the chapter and code level, ensuring that coders will always use the right codes in right circumstances
Features include
Integrated codes and guidelines
Simplified yet familiar layout
Tabular and indexed navigation
Pediatric-focused and provider-based guidance
And more...
Contents Include:
ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: FY 2015
Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00-B99)
Neoplasms (C00-D49)
Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs and Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism (D50-D89)
Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (E00-E89)
Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01-F99)
Diseases of the Nervous System (G00-G99)
Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59)
Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (H60-H95)
Diseases of the Circulatory System (I00-I99)
Diseases of the Respiratory System (J00-J99)
Diseases of the Digestive System (K00-K95)
Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (L00-L99)
Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (M00-M99)
Diseases of the Genitourinary System (N00-N99)
Pregnancy, Childbirth, Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (P00-P99)
Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Q00-Q99)
Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings (R00-R99)
Injury, Poisoning and Consequences of Certain Other External Causes (S00-T88)
External Causes of Morbidity (V00-Y99)
Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact With Health Services (Z00-Z99)
Pediatric ICD-10-CM 2018: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Coding and Nomenclature
Published: November 2021

For the pediatric provider, coder, and biller, here's the most helpful and easy-to-use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Featuring a laser-sharp pediatrics focus, it provides codes and guidelines in a simplified, yet familiar format.
This purpose-built tool streamlines the coding process by condensing the vast ICD-10-CM code set to only pediatric-centered guidelines and codes. This yields a 50% reduction of codes to search for faster, efficient coding. The guidelines are included directly at the chapter and code level, helping ensure that coders will always use the right codes in the right situations. Tabular, indexed navigation helps you find needed items fast.
KEY FEATURES:
Updated for the October 1, 2017 release of ICD-10-CM codes
Pediatrics-focused and provider-based coding guidance
Integrated codes and guidelines
Changing Societal and Lifestyle Factors and Breastfeeding Patterns Over Time
Authors: Logan Chad , Zittel Tatjana , Striebel Stefanie , Reister Frank , Brenner Hermann , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Genuneit Jon 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding is an important determinant of early infant immune function and potentially future health. Although numerous studies have reported rising breastfeeding initiation rates and duration, few longitudinally investigated the impact of shifting societal and lifestyle factors on breastfeeding patterns in developed nations.

METHODS
The Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS) and Ulm SPATZ Health Study (SPATZ) cohorts consist of newborns and their mothers recruited, respectively, from 2000 to 2001 and 2012 to 2013 at the University Medical Center Ulm, Germany. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate crude and mutually adjusted hazard ratios for study effect (time trend) and individual risk factors on noninitiation and duration of predominant and total breastfeeding.

RESULTS
Compared with UBCS mothers, SPATZ mothers had lower cessation rates of both predominant breastfeeding by 4 months and total breastfeeding by 6 months: hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.79 (0.67–0.93) and 0.71 (0.60–0.82), respectively. However, this crude time trend was limited to mothers with higher educational achievement. Similar time trend effects were observed among less educated mothers only after adjustment for early cessation risk factors. Mutually adjusted hazard ratios for individual risk factors were similar in both studies: low education, high BMI, smoking within 6 weeks of delivery, and cesarean delivery were associated with early breastfeeding cessation beginning at 6 weeks. In addition, actively abstaining from drinking alcohol was associated with lower rates of early cessation.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest widening socioeconomic disparity in breastfeeding and potentially subsequent child health, which may require new targeted interventions.
Barriers and Stigma Experienced by Gay Fathers and Their Children
Authors: Perrin Ellen C. , Hurley Sean M. , Mattern Kathryn , Flavin Lila , Pinderhughes Ellen E. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Gay men have become fathers in the context of a heterosexual relationship, by adoption, by donating sperm to 1 or 2 lesbian women and subsequently sharing parenting responsibilities, and/or by engaging the services of a surrogate pregnancy carrier. Despite legal, medical, and social advances, gay fathers and their children continue to experience stigma and avoid situations because of fear of stigma. Increasing evidence reveals that stigma is associated with reduced well-being of children and adults, including psychiatric symptoms and suicidality.

METHODS
Men throughout the United States who identified as gay and fathers completed an online survey. Dissemination of the survey was enhanced via a “snowball” method, yielding 732 complete responses from 47 states. The survey asked how the respondent had become a father, whether he had encountered barriers, and whether he and his child(ren) had experienced stigma in various social contexts.

RESULTS
Gay men are increasingly becoming fathers via adoption and with assistance of an unrelated pregnancy carrier. Their pathways to fatherhood vary with socioeconomic class and the extent of legal protections in their state. Respondents reported barriers to becoming a father and stigma associated with fatherhood in multiple social contexts, most often in religious institutions. Fewer barriers and less stigma were experienced by fathers living in states with more legal protections.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite growing acceptance of parenting by same-gender adults, barriers and stigma persist. States’ legal and social protections for lesbian and gay individuals and families appear to be effective in reducing experiences of stigma for gay fathers.
Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents
Authors: Baams Laura 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
To identify patterns of childhood adversity in a sample of adolescents and assess disparities in these experiences for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and by level of gender nonconformity.

METHOD
By using the cross-sectional, statewide, anonymous 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, 81 885 students were included in the current study (50.59% male; mean age = 15.51). Participants were enrolled in grades 9 and 11 in a total of 348 schools.

RESULTS
Four patterns of childhood adversity were identified with sex-stratified latent class analyses (entropy = 0.833 males; 0.833 females), ranging from relatively low levels of abuse (85.3% males; 80.1% females) to polyvictimization (0.84% males; 1.98% females). A regression analysis showed that compared with heterosexual adolescents, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by polyvictimization (odds ratio [OR] 1.81–7.53) and psychological and/ or physical abuse (OR 1.29–3.12), than no or low adversity. Similarly, compared with nontransgender adolescents, transgender adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by patterns of polyvictimization (OR 1.49–2.91) and psychological and/or physical abuse (OR 1.23–1.96). A higher level of gender nonconformity predicted a higher likelihood of being classified into each adversity profile compared with the no or low adversity profile (OR 1.14–1.45).

CONCLUSIONS
Sexual minority adolescents and adolescents with high levels of gender nonconformity are vulnerable to experience adversity. The disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and adolescents with high gender nonconformity highlight the variation in patterns of childhood adversity that these youth are at risk of experiencing. The findings reveal the need for further research on the benefits and harm of screening for childhood adversity by physicians and pediatricians.
LGBTQ Youth in Unstable Housing and Foster Care
Authors: Baams Laura , Wilson Bianca D.M. , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth are suggested to be overrepresented in unstable housing and foster care. In the current study, we assess whether LGBTQ youth are overrepresented in unstable housing and foster care and examine disparities in school functioning, substance use, and mental health for LGBTQ youth versus heterosexual youth in unstable housing and foster care.

METHODS
A total of 895 218 students (10–18 years old) completed the cross-sectional California Healthy Kids Survey from 2013 to 2015. Surveys were administered in 2641 middle and high schools throughout California. Primary outcome measures included school functioning (eg, school climate, absenteeism), substance use, and mental health.

RESULTS
More youth living foster care (30.4%) and unstable housing (25.3%) self-identified as LGBTQ than youth in a nationally representative sample (11.2%). Compared with heterosexual youth and youth in stable housing, LGBTQ youth in unstable housing reported poorer school functioning (Bs = 20.10 to 0.40), higher substance use (Bs = 0.26–0.28), and poorer mental health (odds ratios = 0.73–0.80). LGBTQ youth in foster care reported more fights in school (B = 0.16), victimization (B = 0.10), and mental health problems (odds ratios = 0.82–0.73) compared with LGBTQ youth in stable housing and heterosexual youth in foster care.

CONCLUSIONS
Disparities for LGBTQ youth are exacerbated when they live in foster care or unstable housing. This points to a need for protections for LGBTQ youth in care and care that is affirming of their sexual orientation and gender identity.
Serum clinical biochemical markers of Hy-Line W-36 laying hens under the influence of increased stocking densities in cages of multilevel batteries
Authors: Osadcha Y. V. , Sakhatsky M. I. , Kulibaba R. O. 
Published: November 2021

Today, the organism of hens is constantly exposed to numerous technological stressors in the conditions of industrial poultry farming, the least studied of which are long-term, which can cause the development of chronic stress. One of such stressors is the increased stocking density of hens, which is also a way of saving resources in egg poultry and is often used by producers to obtain more eggs per 1 m2 of poultry area. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of overcrowding, as a factor of chronic stress development, on the body of hens of a modern high-performance cross, which is necessary to select the best ways to keep them. Four groups of hens were formed for this purpose, which were kept at different stocking densities, according to European standards, Ukrainian standards and with increasing overcrowding. In this way, the gradually increasing intensity of the technological stressor was modeled. Long-term keeping of laying hens at high stocking density did not affect the content in the serum of total protein, albumin, urea and cholesterol, which were within the physiological norm. It was found that the increase in the stocking density of hens to Ukrainian standards, compared to the European, was accompanied by an increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of their blood. With an increase in stocking density above European and Ukrainian standards, namely to 25.3 birds/m2, there was an increase in the activity of three enzymes – lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. It is proved that further overcompaction of hens to 26.7 birds/m2 is accompanied by an increase in serum glucose, creatinine, as well as a decrease in the ratio of calcium and phosphorus, which was confirmed by an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Also, increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase was observed. Thus, the main effects of chronic stress caused by prolonged keeping of hens at high stocking densities are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their serum, namely in the increase of glucose, creatinine, enzyme activity, as well as the violation of the ratio of calcium and phosphorus.
Interactions of productivity, content of separate amino acids, general protein in blood serum of chickens and tone of the autonomic nervous system
Authors: Studenok A. A. , Shnurenko E. O. , Karpovskyi V. I. , Zhurenko O. V. , Kryvoruchko D. I. , Gutyj B. V. , Trokoz V. O. 
Published: November 2021

The regulation of metabolic processes and maintenance of a stable internal environment of the body is the role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It influences all systems and organs, thus along with the neuro-humoral system providing control over the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Amino acids, as structural units of any protein molecule, are essential for the metabolism of proteins, enzymes and hormones. Certain amino acids are involved in neutralizing free radicals and are a donor of metal groups, can act as an energy source in case of a deficiency of carbohydrates and fats, and be structural units of connective tissue. Exchange of these compounds and their regulation by ANS have not been studied sufficiently, therefore, it is necessary to carry out research in this direction. The studies were aimed at finding the presence of the regulatory effect of ANS on the content of individual amino acids in the blood serum of 60-day-old Cobb-500 chickens. Determination of the ANS tone in Cobb-500 chickens at the age of 30–35 days was determined by the method of variation pulsometry. Electrocardiographic examination was performed in a quiet room without the use of sedatives. At the age of 60 days, blood was obtained from the saphenous vein of the chickens’ shoulder. Blood was sampled from 10 am to 1 pm, after a short fasting (2:00). It was found that sympathicotonic chickens had a higher content of individual amino acids compared to normotonics and vagotonics. In vagotonic chickens, the content of glycine and serine in the blood serum significantly exceeded the rate of chickens with a balanced tone of ANS. Correlative relationships between amino acid content were highly significant in poultry with balanced ANS tone. Vagotonic chickens had the highest correlations between ANS tone, heart rate and amino acid content (trend). Correlative relationships were present between ANS and body weight of chickens of different groups, serum protein. The correlation between total serum protein and body weight of chickens was different depending on the tone of the ANS. Fisher’s test revealed a significant effect of balanced ANS tone on the content of valine, serine and glycine and the weight of chickens. The effect of ANS tone on weight in vagotonic birds was high.
Prophylaxis of microelementosis in rabbits using a mixture of glauconite, succinic, humic and fulvic acids and minerals
Authors: Korniichuk Y. V. , Grushanska N. H. , Kostenko V. M. , Paliukh T. A. , Makovska I. F. 
Published: November 2021

Impaired metabolism of mineral substances in the conditions of industrial rabbit breeding may cause decrease in increment of live mass, reduction of immunity, mass morbidity and death of animals. In our experiment, we studied the efficiency of using a mineral mixture to prevent the disorders in the metabolism of rabbits according to changes in morphologic, biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of blood, chemical composition of blood plasma and increments in body weight compared to the control group of animals. For the studies, we formed four groups of white New Zealand rabbits, each comprising six individuals aged 70 days with mean body weight equaling 1.99 kg. In group I, the rabbits received an aqueous form of a mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with water, rabbits of group II were given a dry form of a mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder, and the rabbits of group III were intramuscularly injected with butanol fraction of humic acids. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results of the experiment indicate that the most effective prophylaxis of malfunctions of mineral metabolism in white New Zealand rabbits aged 70–95 was dry mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder (group II), which was given once a day for 21-day period. We determined a positive effect of biologically active supplement on the parameters of hematopoiesis(1.25 times significantly higher level of hemoglobin and 1.14 times higher number of erythrocytes), metabolism of proteins (1.54 times significantly higher content of albumins), mineral substances (significantly higher content of inorganic phosphorus – by 1.17 times, calcium by 2.18 times, manganese by 1.39 times, zinc by 1.50 times, iron by 1.39 times and cuprum by 1.49 times), functional condition of the liver (2.04 times lower activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase), the state of the antioxidant system (lowest catalase activity) and energy of rabbits’ growth (1.20-fold increment in body weight). The results of our study indicate that using a dry form of the mixture of glauconite, succinic acid, humic and fulvic acids and lactates of zinc, manganese, cuprum, cobalt and iron with fodder is an efficient method of preventing malfunctioning of mineral metabolism in rabbits.