bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРАКТИКА ВИКЛАДАННЯ БАЗОВОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «АНАТОМІЯ ЛЮДИНИ» ІНОЗЕМНИМ СТУДЕНТАМ
Authors: Kyryk Kh. A. , Borys R. Ya. , Mykhalevych M. M. 
Published: January 2021

Анатомія людини – фундаментальна базова дисципліна, яку в повному обсязі мають засвоїти студенти всіх факультетів, у тому числі студенти-іноземці. Ця категорія студентів, навчаючись в українських вузах, відчуває складність не тільки в плані мовного бар’єра, оскільки перебуває в чужій для них країні, але й знаходиться в іншому культурному осередку, що потребує, в більшості випадків, тривалої адаптації. З потребою у вирішенні цих проблем зустрічається кожен викладач, який займається з даною категорією студентів, особливо на початкових курсах викладання, а також при організації процесу співпраці з іноземцями.
Всебічні знання з анатомії людини лежать в основі розуміння основних засад практичної медицини. Вивчення нормальної анатомії тіла людини є невід’ємною частиною навчального процесу у медичних вузах. Незважаючи на різноманітність інструментів та методів, які використовуються при викладанні анатомії, існує певна невизначеність по відношенню до методик, які забезпечують оптимальне засвоєння матеріалу. В цій статті здійснюється спроба дати відповідь на питання: як краще викладати анатомію іноземним студентам – дотримуючись балансу між використанням нових технологій і традиційних методів. У цьому дослідженні ми прагнемо оцінити, як студенти-медики вивчають анатомію. Проте важливо прослідкувати різні новітні впровадження для студентів цієї категорії. Ми стараємось описати, які методи студенти вважають найбільш корисними для засвоєння анатомічних знань, допомагаючи тим самим покращити викладання анатомії, надати студентам матеріали й засоби для зрозуміння основ нормальної анатомії людини, необхідних для майбутнього розвитку студента-медика.
Для досягнення мети нашого предмета – з’ясування закономірностей будови організму й оволодіння об’ємним масивом фактологічного матеріалу – використовуються всі доступні і можливі традиційні та сучасні методологічні прийоми.
Cell-Free DNA to Detect Heart Allograft Acute Rejection
Authors: Agbor-Enoh Sean , Shah Palak , Tunc Ilker , Hsu Steven , Russell Stuart , Feller Erika , Shah Keyur , Rodrigo Maria E. , Najjar Samer S. , Kong Hyesik , Pirooznia Mehdi , Fideli Ulgen , Bikineyeva Alfiya , Marishta Argit , Bhatti Kenneth , Yang Yanqin , Mutebi Cedric , Yu Kai , Kyoo Jang Moon , Marboe Charles , Berry Gerald J. , Valantine Hannah A. ,   For the GRAfT Investigators
Published: January 2021

Background:
After heart transplantation, endomyocardial biopsy (EMBx) is used to monitor for acute rejection (AR). Unfortunately, EMBx is invasive, and its conventional histological interpretation has limitations. This is a validation study to assess the performance of a sensitive blood biomarker—percent donor-derived cell-free DNA (%ddcfDNA)—for detection of AR in cardiac transplant recipients.

Methods:
This multicenter, prospective cohort study recruited heart transplant subjects and collected plasma samples contemporaneously with EMBx for %ddcfDNA measurement by shotgun sequencing. Histopathology data were collected to define AR, its 2 phenotypes (acute cellular rejection [ACR] and antibody-mediated rejection [AMR]), and controls without rejection. The primary analysis was to compare %ddcfDNA levels (median and interquartile range [IQR]) for AR, AMR, and ACR with controls and to determine %ddcfDNA test characteristics using receiver-operator characteristics analysis.

Results:

The study included 171 subjects with median posttransplant follow-up of 17.7 months (IQR, 12.1–23.6), with 1392 EMBx, and 1834 %ddcfDNA measures available for analysis. Median %ddcfDNA levels decayed after surgery to 0.13% (IQR, 0.03%–0.21%) by 28 days. Also, %ddcfDNA increased again with AR compared with control values (0.38% [IQR, 0.31–0.83%], versus 0.03% [IQR, 0.01–0.14%];
P
<0.001). The rise was detected 0.5 and 3.2 months before histopathologic diagnosis of ACR and AMR. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for AR was 0.92. A 0.25%ddcfDNA threshold had a negative predictive value for AR of 99% and would have safely eliminated 81% of EMBx. In addition, %ddcfDNA showed distinctive characteristics comparing AMR with ACR, including 5-fold higher levels (AMR ≥2, 1.68% [IQR, 0.49–2.79%] versus ACR grade ≥2R, 0.34% [IQR, 0.28–0.72%]), higher area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.95 versus 0.85), higher guanosine-cytosine content, and higher percentage of short ddcfDNA fragments.

Conclusions:
We found that %ddcfDNA detected AR with a high area under the receiver operator characteristic curve and negative predictive value. Monitoring with ddcfDNA demonstrated excellent performance characteristics for both ACR and AMR and led to earlier detection than the EMBx-based monitoring. This study supports the use of %ddcfDNA to monitor for AR in patients with heart transplant and paves the way for a clinical utility study.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02423070.
The Language Network Is Recruited but Not Required for Nonverbal Event Semantics
Authors: Ivanova Anna A. , Mineroff Zachary , Zimmerer Vitor , Kanwisher Nancy , Varley Rosemary , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ability to combine individual concepts of objects, properties, and actions into complex representations of the world is often associated with language. Yet combinatorial event-level representations can also be constructed from nonverbal input, such as visual scenes. Here, we test whether the language network in the human brain is involved in and necessary for semantic processing of events presented nonverbally. In Experiment 1, we scanned participants with fMRI while they performed a semantic plausibility judgment task versus a difficult perceptual control task on sentences and line drawings that describe/depict simple agent–patient interactions. We found that the language network responded robustly during the semantic task performed on both sentences and pictures (although its response to sentences was stronger). Thus, language regions in healthy adults are engaged during a semantic task performed on pictorial depictions of events. But is this engagement necessary? In Experiment 2, we tested two individuals with global aphasia, who have sustained massive damage to perisylvian language areas and display severe language difficulties, against a group of age-matched control participants. Individuals with aphasia were severely impaired on the task of matching sentences to pictures. However, they performed close to controls in assessing the plausibility of pictorial depictions of agent–patient interactions. Overall, our results indicate that the left frontotemporal language network is recruited but not necessary for semantic processing of nonverbally presented events.
Categorical Shifts of the Idiom Ribono shel(a)olam: From a Tannaitic Vocative to a Jewish Theocentric Interjection to a Substrate Component in Israeli Hebrew Discourse
Authors: Neuman Yishai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Oral transmission of the Tannaitic Hebrew double genitive vocative ribbono šella‘olam ‘Master of the Universe’ maintains the definite article in the Hebrew component of two ancient Jewish vernaculars: Jewish Neo-Aramaic and Judeo-Arabic in Djerba. The textual transmission of the phrase, changed it graphemically from the Tannaitic original רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם into medieval רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם. The new spelling was the source of its final formation in Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish, without the definite article. The decategorialization of this double genitive phrase from a theocentric vocative to a semantically bleached interjection in these Jewish languages, especially Yiddish, was the point of departure for its meaning and pragmatic function in nascent spoken Modern Hebrew, as evidence from Mendele’s bilingual oeuvre indicates. It may be tentatively proposed that further grammaticalization and broadening of this substrate component structure-function pairing may have led to the emergence of a new category of analogically constructed discourse markers in Modern Hebrew.
Variations in Flash Flood–Producing Storm Characteristics Associated with Changes in Vertical Velocity in a Future Climate in the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Dougherty Erin , Rasmussen Kristen L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Mississippi River basin (MRB) is a flash flood hotspot receiving the most frequent flash floods and highest average rainfall accumulation of any region in the United States. Given the destruction flash floods cause in the current climate in the MRB, it is critical to understand how they will change in a future, warmer climate in order to prepare for these impacts. Recent work utilizing convection-permitting climate simulations to analyze future precipitation changes in flash flood–producing storms in the United States shows that the MRB experiences the greatest future increase in flash flood rainfall. This result motivates the goal of the present study to better understand the changes to precipitation characteristics and vertical velocity in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. Specifically, the variations in flash flood–producing storm characteristics related to changes in vertical velocity in the MRB are examined by identifying 484 historical flash flood–producing storms from 2002 and 2013 and studying how they change in a future climate using 4-km convection-permitting simulations under a pseudo–global warming framework. In a future climate, precipitation and runoff increase by 17% and 32%, respectively, in flash flood–producing storms in the MRB. While rainfall increases in all flash flood–producing storms due to similar increases in moisture, it increases the most in storms with the strongest vertical velocity, suggesting that storm dynamics might modulate future changes in rainfall. These results are necessary to predict and prepare for the multifaceted impacts of climate change on flash flood–producing storms in order to create more resilient communities.
Skills and Limitations of the Adiabatic Omega Equation: How Effective Is It to Retrieve Oceanic Vertical Circulation at Mesoscale and Submesoscale?
Authors: Pietri Alice , Capet Xavier , d’Ovidio Francesco , Levy Marina , Le Sommer Julien , Molines Jean-Marc , Giordani Hervé 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe quasigeostrophic and the generalized omega equations are the most widely used methods to reconstruct vertical velocity w from in situ data. As observational networks with much higher spatial and temporal resolutions are being designed, the question arises of identifying the approximations and scales at which an accurate estimation of w through the omega equation can be achieved and what critical scales and observables are needed. In this paper we test different adiabatic omega reconstructions of w over several regions representative of main oceanic regimes of the global ocean in a fully eddy-resolving numerical simulation with a 1/60° horizontal resolution. We find that the best reconstructions are observed in conditions characterized by energetic turbulence and/or weak stratification where near-surface frontal processes are felt deep into the ocean interior. The quasigeostrophic omega equation gives satisfactory results for scales larger than ~10 km horizontally while the improvements using a generalized formulation are substantial only in conditions where frontal turbulent processes are important (providing improvements with satisfactory reconstruction skill down to ~5 km in scale). The main sources of uncertainties that could be identified are related to processes responsible for ocean thermal wind imbalance (TWI), which is particularly difficult to account for (especially in observation-based studies) and to the deep flow that is generally improperly accounted for in omega reconstructions through the bottom boundary condition. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of mesoscale vertical velocities may be sufficient to estimate vertical fluxes of oceanic properties in many cases of practical interest.
Antidepressant awareness and stigmatizing attitudes toward depression and antidepressants, a comparison between first and sixth-year medical students
Authors: Nalçakan Ayşe Derin , Şahin Ezgi Aysu , Yalcinkaya Oguz Kaan , Ak Sertac 
Published: January 2021

Background and aim: Psychiatric disorders and antidepressant usage rates have increased over the years. However, prejudice, self, and public stigma continue to impede patients from receiving appropriate treatment, especially in traditional societies. In this study, the views of first and sixth-year medical students were examined. We aimed to show the potential effect of public information and 6 years of medical education on knowledge and awareness. Method: Our target population was first and sixth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine at Hacettepe University in Ankara, Turkey, during the semester 2018–2019. For measurement, widely used scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered. In addition, scales formed specifically by our research team: Sociodemographic information form and Depression and Antidepressant Awareness and Knowledge Scale were used. Results: Compared to first-year participants, sixth-year participants had significantly less stigmatizing views on individual statements. The overall stigma score of sixth-year participants was significantly lower ( p < .05) than first-year participants. Linear Regression Analysis showed that the only predictor of overall stigma score was the depression score ( p < .05, beta = −0.36), which acted as a negative predictor. Discussion: Sixth-year participants had higher rates of diagnosed psychiatric illness and psychiatric drug usage. Interestingly, the score was not a predictor of the overall stigma score. However, in the responses to individual statements, we observed an overall increase in knowledge and decreased stigma among the sixth-year participants compared to first-year participants. The effects of medical education on knowledge are significant overall. On the other hand, the level of knowledge and beliefs of our first-year participants, which are similar to the public, show a worrisome situation indicating that broader public education efforts are needed. Our study shows an encouraging perspective, indicating that public awareness campaigns can be very effective in increasing knowledge and decreasing misconceptions.
What Does It Mean to Be College-Ready for Career Technical Education?
Authors: Armstrong Sonya L. , Stahl Norman A , King James R. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/Research Question: Surprisingly, little research explores the literacy practices specific to career technical education (CTE) courses at the postsecondary level, yet the number of students coming to college needing literacy support continues to increase. There is a need for focused research on what constitutes college-readiness. The study described in this article addresses this overarching issue by exploring the text expectations, including text types, tasks, and goals in both CTE courses and developmental reading (DR) courses to determine whether, how, and to what extent text expectations align across the DR and CTE courses. Methods: This multisite research project involved three community colleges in one Midwestern state. Data sources included surveys, focus groups, and textbooks for all courses. Data collection procedures were comparable for each type of data, across all study sites, focal tracks, and constituency groups. Results: This study’s findings suggest a lack of alignment between the DR courses and the introductory-level CTE courses, on a number of levels. Conclusions/Contributions: This study’s findings suggest a need to continue investigating what constitutes college-ready for reading, across multiple disciplinary and career technical areas.
Association Between Conflict of Interest and Published Position on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Sleep Apnea
Authors: Crossley Jason R. , Wallerius Katherine , Hoa Michael , Davidson Bruce , Giurintano Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between authors’ financial conflict of interest and published position on clinical use of hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.SettingInternational roster of authors and articles analyzed.MethodsA Google Scholar search was performed for editorials and reviews citing the 2014 New England Journal of Medicine article on hypoglossal nerve stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea. Included articles were coded as favorable or neutral. Conflict of interest was recorded as declared by the authors in these articles and as independently searched in the Open Payments registry.ResultsSixteen articles from 45 independent authors were analyzed. Nine articles by authors were coded as favorable. Among authors of articles with favorable views, 16 (59%) had a financial conflict of interest with the manufacturer of the hypoglossal nerve stimulator device, as opposed to only 1 of 21 (5%) authors of neutral/unfavorable articles. When we included only authors to whom payments could be identified or excluded on Open Payments, 16 of 20 (80%; 95% CI, 62%‐98%) authors of favorable articles had a financial conflict, while 1 of 10 (10%; 95% CI, 0%‐29.6%) of neutral/unfavorable articles did (P =. 004).ConclusionOur study demonstrates an association between published position on hypoglossal nerve stimulator use and financial conflict with the device manufacturer. Several undeclared conflicts were also found, suggesting a role for independent search for conflicts during the review process.
Periprosthetic Leakage in Tracheoesophageal Prosthesis: Proposal of a Standardized Therapeutic Algorithm
Authors: Parrilla Claudio , Longobardi Ylenia , Galli Jacopo , Rigante Mario , Paludetti Gaetano , Bussu Francesco , Scarano Emanuele 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivePeriprosthetic leakage represents the most demanding long‐term complication in the voice prosthesis rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to discuss the various causes of periprosthetic leakage and to propose a systematic management algorithm.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingOtolaryngology clinic of the University Polyclinic A. Gemelli–IRCCS Foundation.MethodsThe study included 115 patients with voice prosthesis who were treated from December 2014 to December 2019. All patients who experienced periprosthetic leakage were treated with the same step‐by‐step therapeutic approach until it was successful. Incidence, management, and success rate of every attempt are analyzed and discussed.ResultsPeriprosthetic leakage was reported 330 times by 82 patients in 1374 clinic accesses. Radiotherapy, timing of tracheoesophageal puncture, and type of total laryngectomy (primary or salvage) did not influence the incidence of periprosthetic leakage. Salvage total laryngectomy increases the risk of more clinically relevant leakages.ConclusionBy using a systematic algorithm with a step‐by‐step standardized approach, periprosthetic leakage management could become a less treacherous issue.
Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis with intermediate dose of tinzaparin: A real word cohort study – The SeVEN EXTension study
Authors: Karathanos Christos , Chatzis Dimitrios , Latzios Panagiotis , Papakostas Ioannis , Goumas Konstantinos , Giannoukas Athanasios D ,   on behalf of the SeVEN EXT Collaborators
Published: January 2021

Background To assess the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) with intermediate dose of tinzaparin in a setting of real world practice. Methods Prospective observational study of consecutive patients treated by vascular physicians in the private sector with tinzaparin (131 IU/Kg) once daily. Treatment duration was at the treating physician’s discretion. The outcomes of the study were symptomatic venous thromboembolism, extension of thrombus and bleeding complications. Results 660 patients were included and followed up for at least 3 months. Median duration of treatment was 30 days (14–120). History of prior deep vein thrombosis (HR 2.77; 95% CI= 1.18–6.49; p = 0.018) and current SVT above the knee (HR1.84; 95% CI = 1.33–3.53; p = 0.0002) were associated with prolonged treatment duration. Primary efficacy outcomes occurred in 20 (3%) patients. The median time to the event was 24 (6–92) days and was not related to treatment duration. Conclusions Tinzaparin at intermediate dose is an effective and safe treatment for SVT.
Disability assessment in stroke: Relationship among the pictorial-based Longshi Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Yulong , Li Dongxia , Zhao Jingpu , Dong Zhiyuan , zhou Jing , Fu Guanqi , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To explore the correlations among the Longshi Scale, the Barthel Index, and the modified Rankin Scale and the differentiate ability of the Longshi Scale and the modified Rankin Scale to Barthel Index scores. Design: Prospective study. Setting: The inpatient rehabilitation units of three teaching hospitals in China. Subjects: A total of 343 stroke inpatients were recruited through convenience sampling. Main measures: Pictorial-based Longshi Scale, Barthel Index, and modified Rankin Scale. Results: The Longshi Scale was highly and moderately correlated with the Barthel Index and modified Rankin Scale, respectively. The median frequency distribution of the Barthel Index was slightly overlapped between Longshi Scale grades 2 and 3 but was considerably overlapped among modified Rankin Scale grades 1, 2, and 3. The Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests showed that, among the modified Rankin Scale grades, the median Barthel Index scores did not differentiate between grades 1 and 2 ( χ2 = 20.643, P = 1.000), between grades 1 and 3 ( χ2 = 60.404, P = 0.070), and between grades 2 and 3 ( χ2 = 39.760, P = 0.232). Among the Longshi Scale grades, the median Barthel Index scores did not differentiate between grades 2 and 3 ( χ2 = 48.778, P = 1.000), between grades 3 and 4 ( χ2 = 57.094, P = 1.000), and between grades 5 and 6 ( χ2 = 24.709, P = 1.000). Conclusion: Using the Barthel Index as reference, the proposed Longshi Scale has better ability than the modified Rankin Scale in differentiating stroke patients’ disability, especially for those with higher level of activities of daily living.