bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomic Effects of β-Blocker Use on Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Nevola Kathleen T , Nagarajan Archana , Hinton Alexandra C , Trajanoska Katerina , Formosa Melissa M , Xuereb-Anastasi Angela , van der Velde Nathalie , Stricker Bruno H , Rivadeneira Fernando , Fuggle Nicholas R , Westbury Leo D , Dennison Elaine M , Cooper Cyrus , Kiel Douglas P , Motyl Katherine J , Lary Christine W 
Published: May 2021

AbstractContextRecent studies have shown that β-blocker (BB) users have a decreased risk of fracture and higher bone mineral density (BMD) compared to nonusers, likely due to the suppression of adrenergic signaling in osteoblasts, leading to increased BMD. There is also variability in the effect size of BB use on BMD in humans, which may be due to pharmacogenomic effects.ObjectiveTo investigate potential single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) associated with the effect of BB use on femoral neck BMD, we performed a cross-sectional analysis using clinical data, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and genetic data from the Framingham Heart Study’s (FHS) Offspring Cohort. We then sought to validate our top 4 genetic findings using data from the Rotterdam Study, the BPROOF Study, the Malta Osteoporosis Fracture Study (MOFS), and the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.MethodsWe used sex-stratified linear mixed models to determine SNVs that had a significant interaction effect with BB use on femoral neck (FN) BMD across 11 gene regions. We also evaluated the association of our top SNVs from the FHS with microRNA (miRNA) expression in blood and identified potential miRNA-mediated mechanisms by which these SNVs may affect FN BMD.ResultsOne variation (rs11124190 in HDAC4) was validated in females using data from the Rotterdam Study, while another (rs12414657 in ADRB1) was validated in females using data from the MOFS. We performed an exploratory meta-analysis of all 5 studies for these variations, which further validated our findings.ConclusionThis analysis provides a starting point for investigating the pharmacogenomic effects of BB use on BMD measures.
Management of Thyrotoxicosis Induced by PD1 or PD-L1 Blockade
Authors: Brancatella Alessandro , Lupi Isabella , Montanelli Lucia , Ricci Debora , Viola Nicola , Sgrò Daniele , Antonangeli Lucia , Sardella Chiara , Brogioni Sandra , Piaggi Paolo , Molinaro Eleonora , Bianchi Francesca , Aragona Michele , Antonuzzo Andrea , Sbrana Andrea , Lucchesi Maurizio , Chella Antonio , Falcone Alfredo , del Prato Stefano , Elisei Rossella , Marcocci Claudio , Caturegli Patrizio , Santini Ferruccio , Latrofa Francesco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Thyrotoxicosis is a common immune-related adverse event in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) or programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade. A detailed endocrinological assessment, including thyroid ultrasound and scintigraphy, is lacking, as are data on response to treatment and follow-up.

Objective
The aim of this study was to better characterize the thyrotoxicosis secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors, gaining insights into pathogenesis and treatment.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients who had normal thyroid function before starting immunotherapy and then experienced thyrotoxicosis on PD1 or PD-L1 blockade. Clinical assessment was combined with thyroid ultrasound, 99mtechnecium scintiscan, and longitudinal thyroid function tests.

Results
Five patients had normal or increased scintigraphic uptake (Sci+), no serum antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor, and remained hyperthyroid throughout follow-up. The other 15 patients had no scintigraphic uptake (Sci–) and experienced destructive thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism (N = 9) or euthyroidism (N = 6). Hypothyroidism was more readily seen in those with normal thyroid volume than in those with goiter (P = .04). Among Sci– individuals, a larger thyroid volume was associated with a longer time to remission (P &lt; .05). Methimazole (MMI) was effective only in Sci+ individuals (P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
Administration of PD1- or PD-L1–blocking antibodies may induce 2 different forms of thyrotoxicosis that appear similar in clinical severity at onset: a type 1 characterized by persistent hyperthyroidism that requires treatment with MMI, and a type 2, characterized by destructive and transient thyrotoxicosis that evolves to hypothyroidism or euthyroidism. Thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasound help in differentiating and managing these 2 forms of iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.
A Digital Displacement Hydrostatic Wind-turbine Transmission
Authors: Rampen Win , Dumnov Daniil , Taylor Jamie , Dodson Henry , Hutcheson John , Caldwell Niall 
Published: May 2021

In 1984 a hydrostatic wind-turbine transmission with ‘secondary control’ was proposed by Stephen Salter using the, then only conceptual, Digital Displacement® (DD) principle for controlling the flow of the primary, rotor-driven, ring-cam pump. This transmission ‘could achieve the correct ratio of tip-speed to wind-speed in conjunction with true synchronous generation’.
In the following years DD machines were progressively developed. To start with they were relatively small in capacity but the power ratings were systematically increased, until it seemed that a high-power hydrostatic wind-turbine transmission might indeed be feasible. In 2006, Artemis Intelligent Power (Artemis), a company that had been formed from Salter's original university team, began working on a megawatt-scale, hydrostatic, wind-turbine transmission based on new pump and motor designs. In 2011 Artemis completed a 1.5 MW transmission and dynamometer test-rig. This was one of the largest hydraulic transmissions ever made and, with a shaft-to-shaft efficiency of 93%, one of the most efficient. Using secondary control to respond rapidly to gusting wind and to instantaneous grid faults, it was also the most controllable. This paper discusses the design of the transmission and test-rig and presents the results of steady-state efficiency tests. Subsequent papers will describe systematic experimental work to account for the various energy losses and to develop a comprehensive simulation model of the DD wind-transmission.
Unbundling teaching and learning in a flipped thermal physics classroom in higher education powered by emerging innovative technology
Authors: Hung Hui-Chun , Young Shelley Shwu-Ching 
Published: May 2021

The emergence of open online courses and flipped classrooms has brought new opportunities to unbundle the traditional university. This study aimed to investigate a thermal physics classroom integrated with an open online learning mode to afford various learning strategies for students in Taiwan. Moreover, we examined students' preferred learning modes by adopting a quasi-experimental design with questionnaires, pre-test and post-test scores, self-reported journals and interviews. A total of 89 students participated in the study. The instructor allowed all students enrolled in the class to choose their own preferred learning modes. All students had full access to all course materials in both open online course and traditional face-to-face learning contexts throughout the whole semester. We examined the learners' academic performance in each learning mode and surveyed their perceptions of the course. The findings of this study indicate that information technology can transform teaching and learning in a thermal physics classroom and challenge the instructor to tailor the course to meet students' diverse needs. Significantly, students adopted five learning modes, consisting of face-to-face, web facilitated, alternative blended, online learning and flipped learning. This study provides a valuable reference on how traditional on-campus higher education institutions could be unbundled to create student-centred learning approaches.

Implications for practice or policy:

Educators could design a flexible delivery model, allowing students to choose five learning modes, consisting of face-to-face, web facilitated, alternative blended, online learning and flipped learning in terms of their learning style and time management.
For students with sufficient background knowledge, the flipped learning mode provides the best learning performance.
This study could provide administrators, educators and instructors with insights and new approaches in science, technology, engineering and mathematics education and improvements in their course policies.
Preparation and synchronous participation improve student performance in a blended learning experience
Authors: Clark Charlotte Emily Jane , Post Ger 
Published: May 2021

Blended learning can create flexibility for students, more efficiently utilise infrastructure, and can provide high-quality learning at scale. We investigated perceived value and learning gains associated with asynchronous eLearning and synchronous face-to-face (f2f) components of a blended learning experience. We hypothesised that individual student preference for eLearning and f2f learning would be variable, but that participation in f2f classes would enhance student learning. Using a design-based research approach, we have evaluated two iterations of a blended learning experience, combining qualitative survey data and quantitative attendance data and student grades. Students overwhelmingly valued active learning, both within eLearning materials and f2f classes. Final marks positively correlated with the number of f2f classes students attended. Analysis of a subset of intended learning outcomes (ILOs) showed that students who accessed eLearning independently and students who attended f2f classes performed equally-well in ILO-related assessment tasks, however, students were more likely to choose an assessment task directly-related to a class they attended. In addition, completion of required eLearning prior to f2f class attendance significantly enhanced student performance in related assessment tasks. We suggest that f2f attendance as part of blended learning is beneficial, however students can obtain selected ILOs from engaging eLearning materials.
Implications for practice or policy:

Instructors will gain insight into aspects of blended active learning that students value.
We present evidence that supports the benefits to students of completion of pre-eLearning prior to participation in synchronous f2f classes.
Macrodynamic Modeling of Innovation Equilibria and Traps
Authors: Sanchez-Carrera Edgar J. , Ille Sebastian , Travaglini Giuseppe 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the interplay between the decision of firms to innovate and human capital. Based on a dynamic evolutionary model, we show that in the presence of a high stock of human capital, an advanced economy can remain caught in an “innovation trap”. Following the literature on endogenous growth, R&D investments and human capital are modeled as strategic complements. Skilled workers increase productivity and enjoy a wage premium if they are employed in the R&D sector, while they receive the same wage as unskilled workers if they are employed in the production sector. We model the evolutionary dynamics of the share of innovative firms and human capital to determine the conditions under which an economy converges to a high, low or mixed state of innovation.
Myosteatosis in NAFLD patients correlates with plasma Cathepsin D
Authors: Ding Lingling , De Munck Toon. J. I. , Oligschlaeger Yvonne , dos Reis Inês Magro , Verbeek Jef , Koek Ger. H. , Houben Tom , Shiri-Sverdlov Ronit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previously, we have shown that hepatic lipid accumulation induces the secretion of cathepsin D (CTSD), and that plasma CTSD levels are associated with increased inflammation and disease severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although it is clear that the liver is a major source of plasma CTSD, it is unknown whether other metabolically active organs such as the muscle, also associate with plasma CTSD levels in NAFLD patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relation between lipid accumulation in the muscle (myosteatosis) and plasma CTSD levels in forty-five NAFLD patients. We observed that hepatic steatosis positively associated with plasma CTSD levels, confirming the previously established link between plasma CTSD and the liver. Furthermore, a positive association between myosteatosis and plasma CTSD levels was observed, which was independent of sex, age, BMI, waist circumference and hepatic steatosis. By establishing a positive association between myosteatosis and plasma CTSD levels, our findings suggest that, in addition to the liver, the muscle is also linked to plasma CTSD levels in NAFLD patients. The observed link between myosteatosis and plasma CTSD levels supports the concept of a significant role of the skeletal muscle in metabolic disturbances in metabolic syndrome-related disorders.
COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2: Everything we know so far – A comprehensive review
Authors: Naz Sumaira , Zahoor Muhammad , Sahibzada Muhammad Umar Khayam , Ullah Riaz , Alqahtani Ali S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a unique type of pneumonia outbreak in the Wuhan city of China in 2019 and spread to all its provinces in a matter of days and then to every continent of the world except Antarctica within 3–4 month. This paper aims to comprehensively consolidate the available information about COVID-19 and present all the possible information about this disease in form of a single paper to readers. Unparalleled research and exhaustive studies of everything about the disease and its causative virus, i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are underway since its emergence. The genome sequence of the virus was made available within a record short time by China, making possible immediate study of its structure and characteristics. The routes of transmission of the disease, signs and symptoms, incubation period, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology have been extensively studied and presented in an organized way in this review paper. The number of confirmed cases and case fatality and mortality rates are updated regularly. The different diagnostic mechanisms have been characterized. Testing and management criteria and protocols have been adopted. Extensive efforts are underway for finding a treatment of the disease and developing a vaccine against it. A number of vaccines are available even in markets in different countries. More and more ways of personal protection, prevention, and mitigation of the disease are being explored and shared. While the outbreak has been declared as pandemic, the response of scientists was timely and enormous; thousands of publications about various aspects and impact of the diseases and its causative virus are there on the World Health Organization database and many more studies are underway. The purpose of writing this review article is to provide a comprehensive summary of the major aspects and important scientific findings so far, about COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, in a single article for ready reference.
On the drag force closures for multiphase flow modeling
Authors: Norouzi Hamid Reza , Golshan Shahab , Zarghami Reza 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Drag force models are one of the most important factors that can affect TFM and CFD-DEM simulation results of two-phase systems. This article investigates the accuracies, implementation issues and limitations of the majority of the drag models for spherical, non-spherical and systems with size distribution and evaluates their performance in various simulations. Around 1888 data points were collected from 19 different sources to evaluate the drag force closures on mono-dispersed spherical particles. The Reynolds number and fluid volume fraction ranges were between 0.01 and 10,000 and between 0.33 and 1, respectively. In addition, 776 data points were collected from seven different sources to evaluate the drag force closures on poly-dispersed spherical particles. The Reynolds numbers were between 0.01 and 500, fluid volume fractions between 0.33 and 0.9, and diameter ratios up to 10. A comprehensive discussion on the accuracy and application of these models is given in the article.
A case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection with negative nasopharyngeal PCR in pregnancy
Authors: Fuchs Anna , Harris Lauren , Huber Ashley , Heiligenstein Mia , Heiselman Cassandra , Herrera Kimberly , Garretto Diana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesSARS-CoV-2 remains a pressing issue for our obstetric community during the current pandemic. We present a case of a 22-year-old nulliparous woman 31 weeks pregnant, with significant clinical SARS-CoV-2 disease, in the setting of negative nasopharyngeal PCR testing but positive IgG antibodies.Case presentationThis was a 22-year-old patient 31 weeks pregnant who presented with fever, tachycardia, and subsequently preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and pulmonary emboli with multifocal pneumonia. The patient underwent three negative SARS-CoV-2 tests via nasopharyngeal PCR testing during her hospital stay as well as a negative workup for fever. After a cesarean section for worsening maternal status after 7 days of hospitalization, the patient was admitted for worsening clinical status to the SICU. At the time of SICU admission patient was found to have serum IgG positive antibodies and was managed with intubation, antibiotics, and anticoagulation. Patient eventually left hospital against medical advice on hospital day 16 on oral antibiotics but was found to be recovering well at later outpatient follow up.ConclusionsDiagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 remains a complicated picture in the setting of testing limitations. This case highlights an antepartum clinical presentation of severe SARS-CoV-2 and recommends a high clinical suspicion for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and initiation of treatment in the pregnant population, even in the presence of negative nasopharyngeal PCR testing.
Effect of whole-body vibration after a resistance exercise bout on heart rate variability in hypertensive population
Authors: Hanif Humaira , Orooj Munazzah , Parveen Adila 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) in the recovery phase after resistance exercise (RE) bout on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in a hypertensive population.

Methods
Twenty hypertensive males and females were randomly allocated into group A (RE bout), and group B (RE bout with WBV). Pre-test and post-test measure of HRV, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were taken before and after RE and placebo WBV in one group and in another group of RE with WBV in the recovery phase.

Results
There were no significant differences in both RE bout group and RE bout with WBV on HRV parameters but on BP it has shown significant improvement in both groups with a p value of SBP and DBP as 0.001 and 0.03 respectively but comparatively RE with WBV in recovery has greater improvement.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that RE bout using WBV has no improvement on HRV but it has significantly improved BP in hypertensive population.
Constructing Cycles in Isogeny Graphs of Supersingular Elliptic Curves
Authors: Xiao Guanju , Luo Lixia , Deng Yingpu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Loops and cycles play an important role in computing endomorphism rings of supersingular elliptic curves and related cryptosystems. For a supersingular elliptic curve E defined over 𝔽
p
2
, if an imaginary quadratic order O can be embedded in End(E) and a prime L splits into two principal ideals in O, we construct loops or cycles in the supersingular L-isogeny graph at the vertices which are next to j(E) in the supersingular ℓ-isogeny graph where ℓ is a prime different from L. Next, we discuss the lengths of these cycles especially for j(E) = 1728 and 0. Finally, we also determine an upper bound on primes p for which there are unexpected 2-cycles if ℓ doesn’t split in O.
Seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kajinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Dar Jahangir Ahmad , Fazili Mustahson F. , Bhat Bilal A. , Wani Ishfaq Nazir , Ahmad Riyaz 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In temperate environments, forage availability and quality are known to influence life history traits of wild ungulates. However, variations in foraging strategies of these mountain dwellers with changing plant availability have received little attention. The seasonal vegetation availability in temperate climatic conditions of Kajinag National Park (KNP) was assessed by plot method at different altitudes (1900–3600 m a.s.l.) from 2018 to 2020 on seasonal basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of availability of vegetation on seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) inhabiting the National Park. We recorded 61 plant species whose availability differed significantly across seasons (F
3,240 = 20.14, p < 0.05). We found seasonal variation in the diet composition of Himalayan goral depicting a strong relationship between plant consumption and dynamic availability in the study area. Himalayan goral consumed herbs in spring (dominated by Dioscorea deltoidea relative importance value (RIV) = 27.20, Poa pratensis RIV = 14.99 and Themeda spp. RIV = 12.87), grasses in summer (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.12, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Bothriochloa ischaemum RIV = 22.72) and autumn (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.64, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Stipa spp. RIV = 29.73) and shrubs in winter (dominated by Indigofera heterantha RIV = 47.05, Prunus tomentosa RIV = 17.51 and Lonicera spp. RIV = 16.98). The annual diet of Himalayan goral was dominated by graze species (72.66%). The proportion of graze items in the diet showed a sharp decline from spring (90.67%) to winter (19.23%) whereas that of browse showed a huge increment from spring (4.67%) to winter (74.43%). This shift shows a survival or foraging strategy of a temperate ungulate in harsh winters with limited forage availability.
New records and southern range extension of the Annamite striped rabbit Nesolagus timminsi in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen An , Tilker Andrew , Le Duy , Le Huong Van , Le Son Van , Luu Truong Hong , Tran Bang Van , Wilting Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Annamite striped rabbit Nesolagus timminsi is a little-known and Endangered lagomorph endemic to the Annamites ecoregion of Vietnam and Laos. The species’ known distribution extends from the northern to central Annamites. Here, we report the first records of the species from the southern Annamites. We recorded camera-trap photographs of Annamite striped rabbit in Bidoup – Nui Ba National Park, located in Lam Dong province, Vietnam. The photographs represent the first records of the species from the southern Annamites, and a significant southern range extension. We discuss the implications of this finding for Annamite striped rabbit conservation.