bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Observation of Hydrocarbon Growth by Resonance‐Stabilized Radical–Radical Chain Reaction
Authors: Couch David E. , Zhang Angie J. , Taatjes Craig A. , Hansen Nils 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRapid molecular‐weight growth of hydrocarbons occurs in flames, in industrial synthesis, and potentially in cold astrochemical environments. A variety of high‐ and low‐temperature chemical mechanisms have been proposed and confirmed, but more facile pathways may be needed to explain observations. We provide laboratory confirmation in a controlled pyrolysis environment of a recently proposed mechanism, radical–radical chain reactions of resonance‐stabilized species. The recombination reaction of phenyl (c‐C6H5) and benzyl (c‐C6H5CH2) radicals produces both diphenylmethane and diphenylmethyl radicals, the concentration of the latter increasing with rising temperature. A second phenyl addition to the product radical forms both triphenylmethane and triphenylmethyl radicals, confirming the propagation of radical–radical chain reactions under the experimental conditions of high temperature (1100–1600 K) and low pressure (ca. 3 kPa). Similar chain reactions may contribute to particle growth in flames, the interstellar medium, and industrial reactors.
Nuclear organization of serotonergic neurons in the brainstems of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee
Authors: Williams Victoria M. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Swiegers Jordan , Bertelsen Mads F. , Hård Therese , Sherwood Chet C. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the current study, we detail, through the analysis of immunohistochemically stained sections, the morphology and nuclear parcellation of the serotonergic neurons present in the brainstem of a lar gibbon and a chimpanzee. In general, the neuronal morphology and nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in the brains of these two species of apes follow that observed in a range of Eutherian mammals and are specifically very similar to that observed in other species of primates. In both of the apes studied, the serotonergic nuclei could be readily divided into two distinct groups, a rostral and a caudal cluster, which are found from the level of the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle to the spinomedullary junction. The rostral cluster is comprised of the caudal linear, supralemniscal, and median raphe nuclei, as well as the six divisions of the dorsal raphe nuclear complex. The caudal cluster contains several distinct nuclei and nuclear subdivisions, including the raphe magnus nucleus and associated rostral and caudal ventrolateral (CVL) serotonergic groups, the raphe pallidus, and raphe obscurus nuclei. The one deviation in organization observed in comparison to other primate species is an expansion of both the number and distribution of neurons belonging to the lateral division of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the chimpanzee. It is unclear whether this expansion occurs in humans, thus at present, this expansion sets the chimpanzee apart from other primates studied to date.
AWWA’s Free Water Audit Software: Updates and Improvements
Authors: Jernigan Will , Sayers David 
Published: October 2021

Key TakeawaysAWWA's Water Loss Control Committee's Software Subcommittee has announced the release of a new version of the Free Water Audit Software.The new release has nearly 1,000 updates and is intended to improve the user experience and increase the value of the software's data outputs.With substantial enhancements that include interactive data grading and dashboard outputs for benchmarking, utilities that conduct top‐down water audits are advised to use the newest software.
Adaptive dose‐response studies to establish proof‐of‐concept in learning‐phase clinical trials
Authors: Ma Shiyang , McDermott Michael P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn learning‐phase clinical trials in drug development, adaptive designs can be efficient and highly informative when used appropriately. In this article, we extend the multiple comparison procedures with modeling techniques (MCP‐Mod) procedure with generalized multiple contrast tests (GMCTs) to two‐stage adaptive designs for establishing proof‐of‐concept. The results of an interim analysis of first‐stage data are used to adapt the candidate dose‐response models and the dosages studied in the second stage. GMCTs are used in both stages to obtain stage‐wise ‐values, which are then combined to determine an overall ‐value. An alternative approach is also considered that combines the ‐statistics across stages, employing the conditional rejection probability principle to preserve the Type I error probability. Simulation studies demonstrate that the adaptive designs are advantageous compared to the corresponding tests in a nonadaptive design if the selection of the candidate set of dose‐response models is not well informed by evidence from preclinical and early‐phase studies.
Stability of proteins encapsulated in Michael‐type addition polyethylene glycol hydrogels
Authors: Ghassemi Zahra , Ruesing Samuel , Leach Jennie B. , Zustiak Silviya P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels are excellent vehicles for sustained drug release due to their biocompatibility, tunable physical properties, and customizable degradation. However, protein therapeutics are unstable under physiological conditions and releasing degraded or inactive therapeutics can induce immunogenic effects. While controlling protein release from PEG hydrogels has been extensively investigated, few studies have detailed protein stability long‐term or under stress conditions. Here, lysozyme and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) stability were explored upon encapsulation in PEG hydrogels formed through Michael‐type addition. The stability and structure of the two model proteins were monitored by measuring the free energy of unfolding and fluoresce quenching when confined in a hydrogel and compared to PEG solution and buffer. Hydrogels destabilized lysozyme structure at low denaturant concentrations but prevented complete unfolding at high concentrations. ADH was stabilized as the confining mesh size approached the protein radius of gyration. Both proteins retained enzymatic activity within the hydrogels under stress conditions, including denaturant, high temperature, and agitation. Conjugation between lysozyme and PEG‐acrylate was identified at long reaction times but no conjugation was observed in the time required for complete gelation. Studies of protein stability in PEG hydrogels, as the one detailed here, can lead to designer technologies for the improved formulation, storage, and delivery of protein therapeutics.
Subacute thyroiditis following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Soltanpoor Pardis , Norouzi Ghazal 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhysicians should be alert about the possibility of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) being induced by COVID‐19 vaccination. SAT may present with anterior neck pain, extended fever or palpitation in recently vaccinated patients, which should not be easily dismissed as expected post‐vaccination flu‐like symptoms, thereby, facilitating in time diagnosis and treatment.
A man with an alcoholic‐related duodenal perforation after losing his job due to the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Mahdi Dana , Ali Mohamed Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPneumoperitoneum is a medical emergency, diagnosed by subdiaphragmatic free air upon X‐ray. The underlying cause, in this case a perforated duodenal ulcer from increased alcohol intake, must also be identified and treated. Public health crisis can impact physical health to varying degrees across socioeconomic groups.
Direct Ink Printing for Flexible Zinc‐Ion‐Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitors Based on Hierarchical Porous Carbon as Cathode
Authors: Gu Yifan , Yu Tiantian , Xue Pan , Zhang Qian , Ma Shaoshuai , Xu Xinhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlexible artificial intelligence and rechargeable electronic devices have been the research hotpot due to the status quo of the energy crisis. However, the existing energy storage devices suffering from undesirable electrochemical performance, poor flexibility, and toxicity, have unsatisfactory practical application prospect. Owing to its unique stability, normal electrodes in energy storage equipment are built out of carbon‐based materials. Recently, zinc hybrid supercapacitors have attracted a lot of attention. Herein, a high‐performance zinc‐ion hybrid micro‐supercapacitor is successfully constructed using hierarchical honeymoon‐like porous carbon frameworks as cathode by direct ink printing method. Due to the bivalent feature of zinc and electric double layered capacitive characteristic of the porous carbon, the optimized device possesses excellent electrochemical performance of excellent specific capacity of 189.06 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, high energy density of76.38 Wh kg−1, power density of 499.94 W kg−1 and superior capacity retention of 95.71 % at 10 mA cm−2 after 1000 cycles. Through direct ink printing, the as‐assembled zinc hybrid micro‐supercapacitors based on flexible substrate exhibit outstanding flexibility with controllable active material mass loading.
Enhancing Mg2+ and Mg2+/Li+ Storage by Introducing Active Defect Sites and Edge Surfaces in MoSe2
Authors: Yang Jingdong , Wang Jinxing , Zhu Ling , Wang Xiao , Dong Xiaoyang , Zeng Wen , Wang Jingfeng , Pan Fusheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecently, Mg‐ion batteries (MIBs) and Mg−Li hybrid ion batteries (MLIBs) are deemed as potential energy‐storage devices. However, due to the insufficient storage sites of Mg2 + in the cathode, MIBs show a low reversible capacity. For MLIBs, the property is also seriously restricted due to the main Li+ intercalation reaction and less Mg2+ intercalation reaction. Herein, ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets with enriched atomic defects and exposed edge surfaces are prepared by the hydrothermal method and subsequent hydrogen treatment. It is found that the Mg2+ storage performance is markedly enhanced, and Mg2+/Li+ co‐intercalation can be achieved. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows that, by introducing a large number of atomic defects and edge exposed surfaces in the ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets, the Mg2+ storage sites are increased, and the diffusion and migration ability of Mg2+ and Li+ are improved, resulting in a significant property improvement. Further, the Mg2+ intercalation in MIBs and Mg2+/Li+ co‐intercalation in MLIBs are confirmed. The discharge‐charge mechanisms only based on the intercalation reactions for both MIBs and MLIBs are also revealed.
Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Haruna Aderemi B. , Gaolatlhe Lesego , Lebechi Augustus K. , Meng Jiashen , Pang Quanquan , Eid Kamel , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Kenneth I. Ozoemena at the University of the Witwatersrand and collaborators from Qatar University and Peking University. The Front Cover illustrates the significance of bifunctional electrocatalysis (ORR / OER) and zinc anode as the key drivers for the development of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries that promise to revolutionize electricity storage and applications (represented herein as electric vehicle charging point). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/celc.202100574.
Chiral‐Directing‐Group‐Assisted Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Inert Arene C−H Bond to Aldimines with Subsequent Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Cai Xuhong , Chen Wenkun , Nie Ruifang , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBy using a chiral directing group, an asymmetric rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond addition to aldimines followed by intramolecular cyclization to form chiral isoindolinones has been achieved (up to 68 % yield, up to 93 % ee). A three‐component variant that resembles Mannich reaction was also realized (41 % yield, 83 % ee). Product elaborations and preliminary mechanistic studies were described.
Tailoring Additively Manufactured Titanium Implants for Short‐Time Pediatric Implantations with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Maher Shaheer , Linklater Denver , Rastin Hadi , Le Yap Pei , Ivanova Elena P. , Losic Dusan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPaediatric titanium (Ti) implants are used for the short‐term fixation of fractures, after which they are removed. However, bone overgrowth on the implant surface can complicate their removal. The current Ti implants research focuses on improving their osseointegration and antibacterial properties for long‐term use while overlooking the requirements of temporary implants. This paper presents the engineering of additively manufactured Ti implants with antibacterial properties and prevention of bone cell overgrowth. 3D‐printed implants were fabricated followed by electrochemical anodization to generate vertically aligned titania nanotubes (TNTs) on the surface with specific diameters (∼100 nm) to reduce cell attachment and proliferation. To achieve enhanced antibacterial performance, TNTs were coated with gallium nitrate as antibacterial agent. The physicochemical characteristics of these implants assessed by the attachment, growth and viability of osteoblastic MG‐63 cells showed significantly reduced cell attachment and proliferation, confirming the ability of TNTs surface to avoid cell overgrowth. Gallium coated TNTs showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with reduced bacterial attachment and high rates of bacterial death. Thus a new approach for the engineering of temporary Ti implants with enhanced bactericidal properties with reduced bone cell attachment is demonstrated as a new strategy toward a new generation of short‐term implants in paediatrics.
Origin and dispersion pathways of guava in the Galapagos Islands inferred through genetics and historical records
Authors: Urquía Diego , Gutierrez Bernardo , Pozo Gabriela , Pozo Maria Jose , Torres Maria de Lourdes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGuava (Psidium guajava) is an aggressive invasive plant in the Galapagos Islands. Determining its provenance and genetic diversity could explain its adaptability and spread, and how this relates to past human activities. With this purpose, we analyzed 11 SSR markers in guava individuals from Isabela, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, and Floreana islands in the Galapagos, as well as from mainland Ecuador. The mainland guava population appeared genetically differentiated from the Galapagos populations, with higher genetic diversity levels found in the former. We consistently found that the Central Highlands region of mainland Ecuador is one of the most likely origins of the Galapagos populations. Moreover, the guavas from Isabela and Floreana show a potential genetic input from southern mainland Ecuador, while the population from San Cristobal would be linked to the coastal mainland regions. Interestingly, the proposed origins for the Galapagos guava coincide with the first human settlings of the archipelago. Through approximate Bayesian computation, we propose a model where San Cristobal was the first island to be colonized by guava from the mainland, and then, it would have spread to Floreana and finally to Santa Cruz; Isabela would have been seeded from Floreana. An independent trajectory could also have contributed to the invasion of Floreana and Isabela. The pathway shown in our model agrees with the human colonization history of the different islands in the Galapagos. Our model, in conjunction with the clustering patterns of the individuals (based on genetic distances), suggests that guava introduction history in the Galapagos archipelago was driven by either a single event or a series of introduction events in rapid succession. We thus show that genetic analyses supported by historical sources can be used to track the arrival and spread of invasive species in novel habitats and the potential role of human activities in such processes.
Phosphorescent Metallacrown Ethers Enchained Through Coordination of Arsafluorene to Platinum(II) Dihalide
Authors: Kikuchi Kazuma , Sumida Akifumi , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetallacrown ethers have functionality due to the incorporated metals as well as a host cavity. In this work, a novel class of enchained‐type metallacrown ethers were developed by using acyclic bidentate arsine ligands and platinum(II) dihalides (PtX2, X=Cl, I). Two arsafluorenes were linked through oligo(ethylene oxide) chains with different lengths. The PtCl2 complexes adopted cis‐configurations, and showed weak emission even at 77 K. In contrast, the PtI2 complexes adopted trans‐configurations, and showed phosphorescence at 298 K. The emission properties were affected by the chain length of the oligo(ethylene oxide) moiety.
A comprehensive approach to the feasibility assessment of on-campus food waste composting
Authors: Al-Aomar Raid , Haroun Aya , Osman Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Food waste management is increasingly being emphasized globally due to its economic and environmental impacts and strategic transformation towards sustainability. This can be observed from the increasing number of zero food waste (ZFW) initiatives that are being adopted by communities and institutions, including universities. Food waste composting, in particular, is increasingly being used for food waste recovery on university campuses. Campus sustainability managers are often challenged with the interrelated impacts of economic and noneconomic factors when selecting a composting system and the sensitivity and risks involved in such a decision. Reviewed research highlights the need for a comprehensive assessment of economic and operational feasibility in order to adopt an effective on-campus food waste composting system. This paper presents a methodological framework for assessing the feasibility of on-campus food waste composting systems. In addition to the composting project's economic feasibility, the framework utilizes the analytical hierarchy process to integrate noneconomic criteria into the assessment of composting alternatives. The framework then analyzes the sensitivity of the present worth of each composting system to projected changes in the economic parameters used. The framework also models the impacts of variability in the operational parameters of the composting system. Assessment values are then integrated into a normalized ranking of the alternative composting systems. The framework is illustrated through the assessment of three alternatives for installing on-campus food composters in a major university. The results provide insight and guidelines for adopting economically effective food waste recovery systems and ZFW initiatives for green and sustainable university campuses. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:964–977. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
On-campus zero food waste (ZFW) initiatives including composting can significantly contribute to the overall campus sustainability. Financial analyses based on cost benefit analysis (CBA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) do not address all critical aspects of assessing the feasibility of on-campus composting systems. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is an effective methodology for integrating non economic factors into the assessment of composting systems. Sensitivity and risk analyses can address and rank the impacts of projected changes to the economic parameters of the assessment and model the variability in its operational parameters.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01410 promotes tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma cells via miR‐497‐5p/HMGA2 axis
Authors: Ma Weiguo , Gao Yun , Zhang Junhua , Yao Xiaobin , Jia Lina , Xu Qingxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLINC01410 is a tumor promoter that is upregulated in some cancer types, such as osteosarcoma (OS). Nonetheless, its role in OS and the underlying molecular mechanism have not been fully understood. Hence, we sought to elucidate it. We performed reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for examining LINC01410, miR‐497‐5p and HMGA2 levels. Additionally, we carried out the cell counting kit‐8 and Transwell assays for detecting cell proliferation and invasion/migration. Bioinformatics predicted that there was a miR‐497‐5p binding site in LINC01410 or HMGA2; meanwhile, miR‐497‐5p was found to interact with HMGA2 and LINC01410 through dual‐luciferase reporter assay. LINC01410 and HMGA2 were high, and miR‐497‐5p showed low expression in OS tissues and cells. Cell function assay demonstrated that LINC01410 or HMGA2 knockdown or miR‐497‐5p overexpression obviously restrained OS proliferation, invasion, and migration. Oppositely, inhibiting miR‐497‐5p had the opposite effects. Functionally, miR‐497‐5p bound with LINC01410 3′‐untranslated region and HMGA2 was found to be the miR‐497‐5p target gene. Lastly, LINC01410 enhanced OS cell growth, invasion, and migration via decreasing miR‐497‐5p expression, whereas increasing that of HMGA2. We have demonstrated that LINC01410 promoted OS development partly by miR‐497‐5p/HMGA2 signal transduction pathway and this provides a reference for studying the mechanism of LINC01410 in OS.
The role of unpaved roads in the sediment budget of a semiarid mesoscale catchment
Authors: Farias Teresa Raquel Lima , Medeiros Pedro Henrique Augusto , Araújo José Carlos de , Navarro‐Hevia Joaquín 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh erosion and runoff rates have been measured on road infrastructure, indicating that unpaved roads might be significant sources of sediment in catchments. In this paper, the production of surface sediments from unpaved rural roads is assessed in Northeastern Brazil, in a semiarid area of the caatinga biome, vulnerable to desertification. Sediment production data from road surface segments were monitored for 2 years (2013–2014) under conditions of natural precipitation. By using hydrosedimentological modeling and a geographical information system (GIS), the sediment budget was calculated at the meso‐scale catchment (aprox. 930 km2), in order to identify the relative contribution of roads to the sediment balance. The universal soil loss equation (USLE) associated with Maner's sediment delivery ratio (SDR) equation, proved to be an adequate approach for predicting sediment yield on the road segment scale. The best results were obtained for the road without traffic, due to the non‐interference in this segment of external factors, such as traffic and maintenance activities, not explicitly considered in the model formulation. The modeling procedure showed that the roads, which occupy only 0.7% of the catchment surface, were responsible for approximately 7% of soil loss in the area. Furthermore, sediment connectivity might be enhanced by roads, which cross the river network and, therefore, deliver more directly the sediment generated at hillslopes. This is particularly important in the studied environment, where sediment connectivity is low due to limited runoff and the existence of a dense network of surface water reservoirs.