bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of multi-zone effusion cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
Authors: Prakash Ved , Chandel Sunil , Thakur Dineshsingh G. , Mishra Mukesh Prakash , Mishra R. K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The present study performed a three-dimensional numerical analysis on an adiabatic flat plate with forward injection holes for multi-zone film cooling. The cooling holes were divided into three-zone, and the cold air was supplied from cylindrical holes at a velocity ratio of 0.5 and 1.5 with 30° inclination to the primary flow. The effect of multi-zone arrangement in film cooling effectiveness is studied, and a comparison between two-zone and three-zone arrangement has been made. Results show that the three-zone arrangement helps achieve better film cooling effectiveness than the two-zone arrangement due to the uniform flow of coolant at a higher velocity ratio. It also reduces the mass flow rate of secondary flow by decreasing the number of cylindrical holes in the perforated plate.
Photoluminescence studies on LiNa5(PO4)2:Dy3+, Sm3+phosphor
Authors: Ravi Miyapuram , Chakrapani Ghanta Pushpa , Balachandrika Mandava , Vasudevarao Pavuluri , Nageswararao Chendela , Krishna Kishore Babu Lavudia , Mallikharjuna Prasad Pulipati , Giridhar Gurram 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation, structure and photoluminescence properties of a new class LiNa5(PO4)2:Dy3+, Sm3+-phosphor. Crystalline nature confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The phases obtained are in good agreement with the standard phase. Excitation dependence and concentration effect on luminescence features are investigated. Color purity and optical bandgap are also estimated for the LiNa5(PO4)2:Dy3+, Sm3+phosphors. The result shows LiNa5(PO4)2:Dy3+, Sm3+-phosphor excited by 374 nm nUV light produces pure white light than others. Admixing of 4fconfigurations and energy transfer between dopants are identified while varying the concentration of Sm3+. The CIE coordinates for LiNa5(PO4)2:0.05Dy3+, 0.05Sm3+(x= 0.309,y= 0.332) are positioned well in white light region and very close to pure white light. The present study on LiNa5(PO4)2:Dy3+, Sm3+-phosphor suggests that it is useful for the fabrication of white light emitting diodes.
Player Position Affects Relationship Between Internal and External Training Loads During Division I Collegiate Female Soccer Season
Authors: Ishida Ai , Travis S. Kyle , Draper Garrison , White Jason B. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ishida, A, Travis, SK, Draper, G, White, JB, and Stone, MH. Player position affects relationship between internal and external training loads during Division I collegiate female soccer season. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 513–517, 2022—The purpose of this study was to investigate how competition phase and player position affect the relationship between internal and external training loads (ITL and ETL, respectively) in collegiate female soccer. Seventeen players participated (21.8 ± 1.7 years; 165.1 ± 6.2 cm; and 63.7 ± 7.9 kg). Nineteen match-plays (10 nonconference and 9 conference) were completed during the 2019 competitive season, including 270 observations of 17 players (defenders = 5, midfielders = 9, and forwards = 3). Internal training load was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). External training load included total distance and high-speed running (HSR) distance. A linear mixed model was compiled with fixed effects of total distance, HSR, competition phase, and player position (defenders, midfielders, and forwards) and random effects of player. There were statistically significant main effects for total distance (p < 0.001), HSR (p = 0.047) and player position (p = 0.045) on the prediction model of sRPE. However, the main effect of competition phase did not statistically contribute to the prediction model of sRPE (p = 0.38). In the final model, total distance (p < 0.001) and player position for forwards (p = 0.008) were significant predictors of sRPE. However, there was no statistically significant fixed effect of HSR on sRPE (p = 0.15). The final model explained 60.6% of the variance in sRPE (R
2 = 0.60), whereas the random effect also explained 6.1% of the variance (R
2 = 0.06). Our findings indicated that total distance and player position were strong predictors of sRPE. The relationship between ITL and ETL should be monitored by player position in female soccer players.
Effects of Altered Excitation-Inhibition Balance on Decision Making in a Cortical Circuit Model
Authors: Lam Norman H. , Borduqui Thiago , Hallak Jaime , Roque Antonio , Anticevic Alan , Krystal John H. , Wang Xiao-Jing , Murray John D. 
Published: December 2021

The synaptic balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is a fundamental principle of cortical circuits, and disruptions in E/I balance are commonly linked to cognitive deficits such as impaired decision-making. Explanatory gaps remain in a mechanistic understanding of how E/I balance contributes to cognitive computations, and how E/I disruptions at the synaptic level can propagate to induce behavioral deficits. Here, we studied how E/I perturbations may impair perceptual decision-making in a biophysically-based association cortical circuit model. We found that both elevating and lowering E/I ratio, via NMDA receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction at inhibitory interneurons and excitatory pyramidal neurons, respectively, can similarly impair psychometric performance, following an inverted-U dependence. Nonetheless, these E/I perturbations differentially alter the process of evidence accumulation across time. Under elevated E/I ratio, decision-making is impulsive, overweighting early evidence and underweighting late evidence. Under lowered E/I ratio, decision-making is indecisive, with both evidence integration and winner-take-all competition weakened. The distinct time courses of evidence accumulation at the circuit level can be measured at the behavioral level, using multiple psychophysical task paradigms which provide dissociable predictions. These results are well captured by a generalized drift-diffusion model (DDM) with self-coupling, implementing leaky or unstable integration, which thereby links biophysical circuit modeling to algorithmic process modeling and facilitates model fitting to behavioral choice data. In general, our findings characterize critical roles of cortical E/I balance in cognitive function, bridging from biophysical to behavioral levels of analysis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCognitive deficits in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, have been associated with alterations in the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I) in cerebral cortical circuits. However, the circuit mechanisms by which E/I imbalance leads to cognitive deficits in decision-making have remained unclear. We used a computational model of decision-making in cortical circuits to study the neural and behavioral effects of E/I imbalance. We found that elevating and lowering E/I ratio produce distinct modes of dysfunction in decision-making processes, which can be dissociated in behavior through psychophysical task paradigms. The biophysical circuit model can be mapped onto a psychological model of decision-making which can facilitate experimental tests of model predictions.
Does exercise beneficially affect sex hormones when added to hypo-caloric diets in adults with overweight or obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Mohseni-Takalloo Sahar , Beigrezaei Sara , Yazdanpanah Zeinab , Rajaie Seyede Hamide , Soltani Sepideh , Zohrabi Tayebeh , Kaviani Mojtaba , Forbes Scott C , Baker Julien S , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: December 2021

Objective
There is no consensus of opinion if exercise beneficially affects sex hormones if added to weight-loss diets. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials to evaluate the effect of adding exercise to a hypo-caloric diet during a weight-loss program, on serum testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in adults with overweight/obesity.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Methods
Online databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to April 2021. A random-effects model was applied to compare mean changes in sex hormones and SHBG between participants undergoing a hypo-caloric diet with or without exercise.

Results
In total, 9 eligible clinical trials with 462 participants were included. Out of these, seven, three, and four studies illustrated changes in testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that exercise had no significant effect on circulating testosterone (WMD = −0.03 nmol/L, 95% CI: −0.11, 0.06, P = 0.51), estradiol (WMD = −0.46 pg/mL, 95% CI: −1.57, 0.65, P = 0.42), and SHBG (WMD = 0.54 nmol/L, 95% CI: −2.63, 3.71, P = 0.74) when added to low-calorie diets.

Conclusion
The addition of exercise to a hypo-caloric diet provided no additional improvement in sex hormone profiles. Further, well-designed randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up periods in both sexes are recommended to confirm and expand the current results.
General Provisions On Duties Of Company Officials In The Legislation Of Ukraine
Authors: Vasylieva V.V. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the provisions of the current legislative acts of Ukraine, which regulate the legal status and duties of the company’s officials, compare the completeness and detail of the regulation of duties of officials for joint stock companies, limited liability companies and additional liability companies. The main methods of research applied by the author are analysis and comparison. The norms of the Civil and Commercial Codes of Ukraine, laws of Ukraine on JSC, LLC and ALC were investigated. The article explores the provisions of the proposed draft law on joint stock companies; proposals for improving the legal regulation of this issue are analyzed. The author explored that new law contains such general provisions on duties of the joint stock company officials: the officials must act in the interests of the company, within the powers granted to them by the charter of the company and the legislation; act in good faith and reason; act in a manner that, in their good faith, will contribute to achieving the goal of the company. Also new regulation is supposed to include a list of duties of officials such as: 1) the duty to facilitate the company’s achievement of successful results in accordance with this Law; 2) the duty to make independent decisions in accordance with this Law; 3) duty to act with a reasonable degree of diligence, professionalism and diligence in accordance with this Law; 4) duty to avoid conflicts of interest; 5) duty to refrain from accepting benefits (benefits) from third parties; 6) duty of notification about the interest in the company’s agreement.
The author expressed positive comments on certain proposed changes, such as establishing a list of duties for officials of the joint stock company and determining the responsibility for these duties breaking, as well as negative comments on law drafting technique, vague concepts and providing the possibility of an exceptional approach towards responsibility for duties breach.
Institutional Management System Of National Nature Parks In Ukraine
Authors: Kosheliuk T.V. 
Published: December 2021

The article presents an analysis of the understanding of the concept and management system in the field of nature reserves of Ukraine, in particular, national nature parks. As a result of the analysis of scientific literature, normative-legal acts the author’s approaches to systematization of types of management in this sphere are presented. The separation of three management systems is substantiated: 1) state; 2) intra-administrative 3) public. Based on this, a system of entities (institutions) that implement management functions at different levels. The study identified problems and shortcomings in the mechanism of public management of national nature parks and suggested ways to solve them.
The issues of peculiarities of management of national nature parks, legal status of subjects of administrative activity, competences of subjects of state management of nature reserve fund, as well as participation of public and scientific institutions in this process are insufficiently researched today. Therefore, there is a need to develop ways to improve the institutional framework of management in this area.
The author emphasizes the subordination of national nature parks various agencies, which creates a problematic situation, because when the national nature park belongs to a non-core agency, which does not have special units for the management of such facilities, there are numerous violations of current legislation on nature reserves.
After all, only a centralized management system of the relevant body will help maintain compliance with the legal regime in these areas and optimize the activities of national nature parks.
Formation And Development Of Constitutional And Legal Responsibility In Ukraine During The Cossack Republic And The Hetman State
Authors: Knysh V.V. 
Published: December 2021

This scientific article is devoted to the problems of formation and development of the institute of constitutional and legal responsibility in the period of the Cossack republic and the Hetman state. A special role here belongs to the legal enshrinement of this institution in the provisions of the Constitution of Philip Orlyk.
In general, in legal science there are various scientific directions in the definition of constitutional liability. Such scientific approaches can be combined into four groups, in particular:
1) scientific direction, which is based on the substantiation of a narrow understanding of constitutional and legal responsibility, which is based on the recognition of only retrospective (negative) constitutional and legal responsibility;
2) scientific direction, which substantiates a broad understanding of constitutional and legal responsibility, which involves a combination of retrospective (negative) and long-term (positive) responsibility;
3) scientific direction, which distinguishes between retrospective (negative) and long-term (positive) responsibility;
4) scientific direction, which substantiates both the combination of retrospective (negative) and perspective (positive) responsibility, and the existence of only retrospective (negative) responsibility.
At the same time, in the context of the latest trends in Ukrainian state-building and law-making, as well as taking into account the need for historical and legal (rather than purely theoretical, sectoral or institutional) study of the needs of transformation of legal responsibility in Ukraine and its individual types, constitutional and legal responsibility needs separate scientific research from a historical and legal point of view, including the formation and development during the Cossack republic and the Hetman state.
According to the author, the acts of the Cossack republic and the Hetman state, and especially the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk of 1710 not only determined the foundations of the political and socio-economic system of Ukraine, the apparatus of state power on the basis of division of power into legislative, executive and judicial, but also provided constitutional legal responsibility as a means of ensuring interaction between branches of government and a means of their effective functioning.
This constitutional and legal responsibility existed both in the form of positive responsibility, which manifested itself in a clear definition of the powers of authorities and the establishment of ways and forms of interaction between them, and in the form of negative responsibility, which provided for sanctions against officials at all levels.
Wettbewerbsprobleme bei Online-Handelsplattformen – Beurteilung nach klassischem Kartellrecht und neuen plattformbezogenen Regelungen
Authors: Schön Cordula 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Bildung von Plattformmodellen mit dem Ziel einer verbesserten digitalen Vernetzung von Marktteilnehmern durch Kooperationen zwischen Industrieunternehmen bzw. zwischen Industrieunternehmen und ihren Abnehmern und Lieferanten ist in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Welt en vogue und wirft Fragen auf, insbesondere kartellrechtlicher Natur.
Seit mehr als 20 Jahren beschäftigen sich die Wettbewerbsbehörden mit den sich aus wettbewerbsrechtlicher Sicht aufdrängenden Fragen bezüglich elektronischen Online-Handelsplattformen. Durch die Corona-Pandemie hat die Digitalisierung einen weiteren deutlichen Schub erhalten, so dass mit einer Zunahme der digitalen Handelsplätze ebenso zu rechnen ist wie mit möglichen weiteren Vernetzungsformen zwischen Handeltreibenden.
Im Folgenden werden nach einer Beschreibung von Funktionsweise und Auftreten von Online-Handelsplattformen in dem hier interessierenden B2B-Bereich (dazu unten II.) die aus solchen Handelsplattformen herrührenden wettbewerblichen Problemlagen herausgearbeitet und systematisiert (dazu unten III.). Dabei werden die bisherige Behördenpraxis sowie der aktuelle Literatur-Stand berücksichtigt. Anschließend (dazu unten IV.) werden die aktuellen Entwicklungen in der einschlägigen Gesetzgebung inhaltlich kurz dargestellt und ihre Relevanz für die speziell mit Online-Handelsplattformen einhergehenden Wettbewerbsprobleme diskutiert. Hierzu zählt das im Januar dieses Jahres in Kraft getretene GWB-Digitalisierungsgesetz sowie das von der EU-Kommission am 15. Dezember 2020 vorgelegte Gesetzespaket in Form zweier Verordnungsvorschläge für eine Plattformregulierung, der sog. Digital Services Act (DSA) und den sog. Digital Markets Act (DMA). Danach wird ein Fazit gezogen (dazu unten V.).
Development and Evaluation of a Satisfaction Scale for Parents of Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Ireys Henry T. , Perry Jamie J. 
Published: December 2021

Objective.This article describes the development and evaluation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Parental Satisfaction (MAPS) for Children With Special Needs, a tool for measuring satisfaction with providers at the individual level of care.Methods.Two studies were conducted. The first study created and pilot-tested the scale, using data from 158 parents of children with 4 selected chronic conditions to calculate estimates of reliability and validity. Initial psychometric characteristics were sufficiently strong to warrant further testing. The second study was a field trial of the 12-item MAPS, using data from 302 parents of children with diverse chronic conditions.Results.Reliability estimates were &gt;.85. The scale's discriminative validity was supported by sharp distinctions between satisfaction ratings for different types of providers. Correlations in the .80s with general satisfaction items indicated strong concurrent validity. Factor analysis revealed a single factor.Conclusions.The MAPS has psychometric integrity. Assessing satisfaction for children with special health care needs is a complex, necessary part of a comprehensive assessment of quality of care.
Management of Child and Adolescent Obesity: Study Design and Practitioner Characteristics
Authors: Trowbridge Frederick L. , Sofka Denise , Holt Katrina , Barlow Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. A study was undertaken to examine the attitudes and practices of health care providers in the assessment and treatment of overweight and obese children and adolescents. This study describes the study design and the practice settings and person characteristics of the practitioners included in this study.
Methods. A needs assessment questionnaire was developed by a working group consisting of researchers, clinicians, educators, and representatives of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration (Department of Health and Human Services), National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, International Life Sciences Institute, and Harris Interactive, Inc. The questionnaire consisted of 35 questions divided into 3 topic areas and was disseminated to a sample of pediatricians (n = 1088), pediatric nurse practitioners (n = 879), and registered dietitians (n = 1652).
Results. Despite a low response rate (33% for pediatric nurse practitioners, 27% for registered dieticians, and 19% for pediatricians), descriptive data were obtained about a variety of practitioner characteristics. Some significant differences were observed across practitioner groups and between genders in regard to years in practice, body mass index, and dietary and physical activity behaviors. Significant relationships were also observed in some practitioner groups between body mass index and compliance with dietary and physical activity guidelines.
Conclusions. Our data show there is a wide variance in practitioner characteristics, particularly in regard to gender, years of practice, body mass index, and obesity-related behaviors. It is hoped the analyses presented in this and in the subsequent articles will provide useful information on current attitudes and practices and will contribute to improvements in the treatment of overweight children and adolescents.
Pregnancy Intendedness and the Use of Periconceptional Folic Acid
Authors: Rosenberg Kenneth D. , Gelow Jill M. , Sandoval Alfredo P. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. Periconceptional use of folic acid can prevent birth defects, including at least 50% of neural tube defects. This study used an ongoing surveillance system to explore the association between pregnancy intendedness and women taking periconceptional folic acid.
Methods. Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveys a stratified random sample of women after a live birth. In 1998–1999, 1867 women completed the survey (64.0% response rate); responses were weighted for nonresponse. Women were asked whether they took folic acid most days in the month before becoming pregnant.
Results. Overall, 33.2% of women took folic acid most days in the month before becoming pregnant, and 39.9% said that their pregnancy was unintended. Adolescent mothers were less likely to take periconceptional folic acid (9.2%) and more likely to report unintended pregnancy (62.0%) than older women. Overall, women who said that their pregnancy was intended were more likely to report that they had taken periconceptional folic acid (odds ratio: 4.75; 95% confidence interval: 3.16–7.14); after controlling for maternal age and income the odds ratio was 3.70 (95% confidence interval: 2.38–5.56).
Conclusions. Women whose pregnancies were intended were more likely to have been taking periconceptional folic acid than women whose pregnancies were unintended. The importance of fertile women’s taking daily multivitamins that contain 400 μg (0.4 mg) of folic acid should be stressed among women who are not contemplating pregnancy, especially adolescents and low-income women.