bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient safety education for undergraduate nursing students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mugerwa Pumla P. , Jordan Portia , van der Heever Mariana , Young Taryn , Iwu-Jaja Chinwe Juliana 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to examine the literature on patient safety and the teaching and learning strategies required to help students learn about patient safety in undergraduate nursing curricula in prelicensure nursing education programs.

Introduction:
Patient safety is a global concern, and health care professionals, including nurses who are on the frontline of health care delivery, should be equipped with the knowledge to enhance patient safety. Undergraduate nursing curricula should include the relevant patient safety content and supply nurse educators with teaching and learning strategies to help students acquire these skills.

Inclusion criteria:
Based on the Participants, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, the eligible population will include nursing students who are enrolled in undergraduate nursing programs and nurse educators who teach in undergraduate nursing programs. The concept of interest is patient safety education, namely, the curricular content and teaching and learning strategies used to help nursing students learn the content. The context is prelicensure nursing education programs at college or university level. Eligible studies will include, but not be limited to, quantitative studies, observational, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies, systematic reviews, and opinion papers.

Methods:
Online databases will be searched across MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science. JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be used to conduct the review. Pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to select relevant studies. Data will be extracted and synthesized from studies that describe patient safety content and teaching and learning strategies in prelicensure nursing education.
Noise Reduction Analysis of Electronic Device Cooling Fan With Duct and Its Application Under Variable Working Conditions
Authors: Sun Zonghan , Tian Jie , Liśkiewicz Grzegorz , Du Zhaohui , Ouyang Hua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A noise reduction method for axial flow fans using a short inlet duct is proposed. The pattern of noise reduction imposed by the short inlet duct on the axial flow cooling fan under variable working conditions was experimentally and numerically examined. A 2-cm inlet duct was found to reduce tonal noise. As the tip Mach number of the fan increased from 0.049 to 0.156, the reduction in the total average sound pressure level at 1 m from the fan increased from 0.8 dB(A) to 4.3 dB(A), and further achieved 4.8 dB(A) when a 1-cm inlet duct was used. The steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) showed that the inlet duct has little effect on the aerodynamic performance of the fan. The results of the full passage unsteady calculation at the maximum flow rate showed that the duct has a significant influence on the suction vortexes caused by the inlet flow nonuniformity. The suction vortexes move upstream to weaken the interaction with the rotor blades, which significantly reduces the pulsating pressure on the blades. The sound pressure level (SPL) at the blade passing frequency (BPF) contributed by the thrust force was calculated to reduce by 36 dB at a 135 deg observer angle, reflecting the rectification effect of the duct on the nonuniform inlet flow and the improvement in characteristics of the noise source. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the static pressure field on the blades verified that the main spatial mode is more uniformly distributed due to the duct, and energy owing to the rotor-inlet interaction decreases. A speed regulation strategy for the cooling fan with a short inlet duct is proposed, which guides the application of this noise reduction method.
Effect of Pad Material, Copper Versus Steel, on the Performance of a Tilting Pad Journal Bearing: Measurements and Predictions
Authors: San Andrés Luis , Kaizar Hussain , Jani Hardik , Thorat Manish 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High-temperature operation limits the life of fluid film bearings; hence the need to quantify the effect of pad material on the performance of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs). The paper presents measurements of performance conducted on a copper-pads bearing (C-PB) and a steel-pads bearing (S-PB). Both bearings have the same geometry and differ on the pads' backing material, copper versus steel, and slightly in the assembled cold clearance. The journal diameter D = 102 mm, and a bearing has five pads with length L = 0.4D, nominal radial clearance 0.064 mm, and pad preload of 0.42. The pads are 12.3 mm in thickness and have a 50% offset pivot, ball-in-socket type. The bearings operate at four shaft speeds ranging from 6 krpm (32 m/s surface speed) to 14 krpm (74 m/s) and under multiple specific loads ranging from 0.17 MPa to 2.1 MPa. ISO VG 32 oil, at a supply temperature of 49 °C, lubricates a test bearing configured with end seals (flooded bearing). At the highest load (on pad) and low shaft speed, the S-PB static eccentricity is up to 37% higher than that for the C-PB. The oil exit temperature rise is similar for both bearings, the maximum difference reaches 6 °C. For all operating conditions, the pads' peak temperature rise, having a maximum difference of 5 °C–16 °C, is larger for the S-PB. The S-PB produces a ∼5% lower drag power loss than that in the C-PB. Drag power in both bearings increases with shaft speed and is largely independent of the applied load. From dynamic load tests with multiple excitation frequencies to 250 Hz, the C-PB direct stiffness KYY (along the load direction) is up to 30% higher than the S-PB stiffness, while the difference in KXX between the C-PB and the S-PB ranges from 60% to 90%. Similar to the stiffness results, the C-PB produces larger direct damping coefficients; CYY and CXX are up to 25% and 40% larger than those for the S-PB. Both bearings, however, show symmetry in the damping coefficients, i.e., CXX ∼ CYY. Virtual mass coefficients (MXX, MYY) are significant in magnitude though having a large uncertainty. A computational physics model predicts the TPJB performance under identical conditions. The exhaustive comparison conducted with a sound dimensional characterization of parameters reveals that predictions agree well with measurements of journal eccentricity, oil exit temperature, pad surface temperatures, and stiffness and damping force coefficients. The differences amount to 20% or less. The model relies on specifying the material properties for pads and pivots and the operating (hot) clearance to produce accurate thermomechanically induced deformations that affect bearing performance at high loads and high surface speed operation.
Safety and parents´ acceptance of ultrasound contrast agents in children and adolescents – contrast enhanced voiding urosonography and contrast enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Seelbach Josefina , Krüger Paul C , Waginger Matthias , Renz Diane M , Mentzel Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To evaluate the safety of the contrast enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in children and adolescence and to receive data about parents’ acceptance of intravesical and intravenous application of sulfur hexafluoride.Material and methods: In this prospective, single centre study conducted over a 1 year study period, parents of 56 children (f/m=32/24; mean age 3.1 years; range 3 weeks - 15.9 years) with ceVUS and of 30 children (f/m=15/15; mean age 10.5 years; range 2 months - 17.7 years) with CEUS agreed to be included. A standardized telephone survey about the acceptance of the parents during and after the procedure as well as the adverse events (AE) were conducted within three days of the examination.Results: The parents would agree with the use of both ceVUS and CEUS as a diagnostic tool again in 96% (54/56) or 100% (30/30) of the cases, respectively and 92.9% (52/56) would prefer ceVUS to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). In addition, 83.3% (25/30) would prefer CEUS to CT and 73.3% (22/30) would prefer CEUS to MRI. AE were reported in 3.6% after ceVUS (2/56; skin rash, mild fever) and in 3.3% after CEUS (1/30; vomiting). AE were subacute and self‑limited.Conclusions: The vast majority of parents prefer ceVUS and CEUS to VCUG, CT or MRI because of the safety profile of the contrast agent and diagnostic accuracy.
Value of ovarian positional assessment on 4D hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography
Authors: Zheng Wu-wu , Chen Lixia , Chen Shunping , Zhu Jian , Lin Feng , Xu Shihao 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To investigate the positional relationship between the ovary and Fallopian tube and the relationship between the ovarian position and tubal morphology.Material and methods: A total of 195 patients with 338 fallopian tubes were enrolled in this retrospective study. The ovarian and tubal positions were defined relative to the uterus in all directions. Tubal morphology was classified as smooth or tortuous.Results: The distribution of the Fallopian tubes corresponded to the positions of the ipsilateral ovaries in the superoinferior direction (χ2 =197.653, p<0.001), mediolateral direction (χ2 =237.447, p <0.001) and anteroposterior direction (χ2 =109.746, p<0.001). Tubal morphology differed according to ovarian position in the superoinferior (χ2 =21.804, p<0.001), mediolateral directions (χ2 =4.679, p=0.031) but not in the anteroposterior direction (χ2 =0.793, p=0.373).Conclusions: Evaluating the ovarian position can provide preliminary information on the distribution and shapeof the Fallopian tube, helping the operator choose the appropriate initial plane and the necessary approaches for inspection.
Feasibility of pneumoperitoneum diagnosis using point-of-care ultrasound: a pilot study using a fresh cadaver model
Authors: Herbst Meghan Kelly , Carter Elizabeth M , Wu Shirley , Dietrich Christoph Frank , Hoffmann Beatrice 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) in the hands of two trained and blinded emergency physicians (EPs) in detecting very small amounts of free intraperitoneal air injected intra-abdominally, using a fresh human cadaver model.Material and methods: Fifteen cadavers were injected on 3 occasions with predefined quantities of free intraperitoneal air ranging from 0-10 mL. Seven cadavers were injected in the mid-epigastrium (ME), while 8 were injected in the left lower quadrant (LLQ). Each cadaver was scanned after each of the 3 injections by 2 trained and blinded EPs, resulting in 45 scans per sonographer. Scans were performed using previously validated and standardized techniques. All scans were recorded, time-stamped and labeled. For each scan the sonographers indicated “yes” or “no” to whether pneumoperitoneum was detected. A chi square analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of PoCUS utilized by each sonographer of pneumoperitoneum based on the location and volume of air injected.Results: Free air (0.25-10 mL) injected into the ME was successfully diagnosed in 36/42 instances (86% sensitivity), but only detected in 10/36 instances when injected into the LLQ (28% sensitivity). Both EPs detected all air injections of ≥2 mL into the ME.Conclusion: Detection of free air originating from the midepigastric region may become a future PoCUS indication for adequately trained EPs.
The invasive intracoronary imaging assessment of left main coronary artery disease
Authors: Dregoesc Mihaela Ioana , Iancu Adrian Corneliu , Homorodean Călin 
Published: September 2021

Left main coronary artery disease is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Evidence-based decision making regarding the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left main disease has become a challenge, in view of the recently published data. An improvement in outcomes following left main percutaneous interventions could be achieved by reducing the rate of repeat target lesion revascularization through stent optimization techniques. In the setting of left main disease, procedural guidance by intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography is essential for good long-term results, in such a way that intravascular imaging has gained more of a therapeutic connotation. Besides stent optimization, intracoronary imaging quantifies lesion severity, guides lesion preparation through morphological data, facilitates stent selection through accurate vessel sizing, identifies the landing zones, diagnoses acute vessel wall complications such as stent-related edge dissection or intramural hematoma, and defines procedural success.This review focuses on the two main intracoronary imaging techniques used for diagnostic evaluation and procedural guidance in left main coronary artery disease: intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Based on the most recently published data, the review discusses each technique’s advantages and pitfalls, and summarizes their indications.
Training Session and Detraining Duration Affect Lower Limb Muscle Strength Maintenance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yong , Chen Shu-Chen , Chen Chiao-Nan , Hsu Chihw-Wen , Zhou Wen-Sheng , Chien Kuei-Yu 
Published: September 2021

Muscle strength after detraining is still higher than the level before training, which is an important issue for middle-aged and older adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of detraining duration (DD), resistance training duration (RTD), and intensity on the maintenance of resistance training (RT) benefits after detraining in middle-aged and older adults. A systematic search yielded 15 randomized control trails (n = 383) eligible for inclusion. The results showed that RTD ≥ 24 weeks and DD ≥ RTD, the RT benefits were still significantly maintained even with medium and low intensity (standardized mean difference = 1.16, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.38, 1.94], p = .004). When RTD < 24 weeks and DD ≤ RTD, only the high-intensity groups maintained the RT benefits (DD, 4–6 weeks: standardized mean difference = 0.71, 95% CI [0.34, 1.08], p = .0002; DD 8–16 weeks: standardized mean difference = 1.35, 95% CI [0.66, 2.04], p = .0001). However, when DD > RTD, the RT benefits were not maintained even with high intensity. In summary, when RTD was less than 24 weeks, RTD > DD was an important factor in maintaining muscle strength.
The Acute Effects of Fast-Paced Walking on Isometric Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in Regularly Exercising and Inactive Older Women
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Blinch Jarrod , Farrow Ahalee C. , Agu-Udemba Chinonye C. , Mitchell Ethan A. 
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of fast-paced walking on isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD) in regular exercising and inactive older women. Ten regular exercising (67 ± 4 years) and 10 inactive (68 ± 4 years) older women performed three isometric knee extension contractions before and after a control condition (quiet resting) and an experimental condition of fast-paced walking for 6 min. Peak torque and early (RTD100), late (RTD200), and maximum (peak RTD) RTD measurements were obtained from each contraction. Results showed no significant changes in peak torque, peak RTD, or RTD200 after walking for either group (p > .050). A significant decrease in RTD100 was observed after walking for the inactive group (p = .005) but not for the regular exercisers (p = .909). These findings highlight the importance of physical activity and suggest that a task as simple as walking may impair the rapid strength capacities of inactive older women.
A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial Evaluating a Resistance Training Intervention With Frail Older Adults in Residential Care: The Keeping Active in Residential Elderly Trial
Authors: Swales Bridgitte , Ryde Gemma C. , Whittaker Anna C. 
Published: September 2021

Frailty is associated with negative health outcomes, disability, and mortality. Physical activity is an effective intervention to improve functional health status. However, the effect of resistance training on multidimensional health in frail older adults remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a U.K. residential care home to assess feasibility with limited efficacy testing on health and functional outcomes and to inform a future definitive randomized controlled trial. Eleven frail older adults (>65 years) completed a 6-week machine-based resistance training protocol three times a week. Uptake and retention were greater than 80%. The measures and intervention were found to be acceptable and practicable. The analyses indicated large improvements in functional capacity, frailty, and strength in the intervention group compared with the controls. These findings support the feasibility of a definitive randomized controlled trial and reinforce the value of resistance training in this population. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03141879.
Match Acceleration and Deceleration Patterns in Female Collegiate Soccer Players
Authors: Trapp Jessica L. , Stannard Alicja B. , Nolan Julie K. , Moran Matthew F. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the current investigation was to report acceleration and deceleration match data in female collegiate soccer players and compare between positions and game halves. A total of 24 players (11 defenders, five midfielders, and eight forwards) (age: M = 19.1, SD = 1.2 years; height: M = 1.64, SD = 0.05 m; and mass: M = 62.2, SD = 5.8 kg) underwent global positioning system monitoring and performance testing. Forwards covered significantly more distance per minute during high-intensity running (effect size [d]: 0.49) and sprinting (d = 0.64) when compared to midfielders across 16 matches for players logging 22.5 min per half. Significant and meaningful positional differences were determined with forwards covering the greatest average distance per acceleration efforts (d = 0.55) and initiating acceleration and deceleration efforts from a greater initial speed (ds = 0.57 and 0.69). When analyzing across all matches for players logging ≥ 40 min per half, second half decreases occurred in the number of accelerations (p < .001; d = 1.98) and decelerations (p < .001; d = 1.92), average distance of accelerations (p < .001; d = 0.83) and decelerations (p = .03; d = 1.30), and starting speed of accelerations (p = .01; d = 0.92) and decelerations (p = .04; d = 1.28). These results provide useful context when interpreting global positioning system–derived player-tracking metrics and can improve positional-specific training programs.
The quality of medical products for cardiovascular diseases: a gap in global cardiac care
Authors: Do Ngan Thi , Bellingham Konnie , Newton Paul N , Caillet Céline 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveGood quality cardiovascular medicines and devices are crucial in the prevention and management of the ever-growing threats of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally. Yet our current understanding of the extent and impact of substandard and falsified (SF) cardiovascular medical products is poor. Our objective was to review the available literature on SF cardiovascular medicines/devices, with a focus on prevalence studies to discuss their impacts on public health.MethodsSearches were conducted in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google and websites with interest in medicines/devices quality up to 31 August 2020. Articles in English and French identified in these searches were screened for eligibility. The Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines was used to assess the quality of prevalence surveys, and we report according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.ResultsA total of 279 articles were included, which were subcategorised into prevalence surveys (n=28), equivalence studies (n=118), stability studies (n=5), routine quality control analyses (n=15), bioavailability studies (n=2), recalls/seizures/case reports (n=77), general discussions (n=24) and reviews (n=10). A failure frequency (defined as the proportion of samples that failed at least one quality test described in the report) of 525 (15.4%) was observed for the 3414 samples tested for quality in the 27 prevalence surveys with sufficient information for inclusion in our quantitative analysis. Nineteen surveys (70.4%) used convenience outlet sampling. The majority (88.8%, 3032/3414) of samples included in prevalence surveys were collected from low-income and middle-income countries. The most common defects were out-of-specification active ingredient(s) content, impurity/contaminant content and impaired dissolution. We found 26 incidents describing SF cardiovascular devices with 181 related deaths but no prevalence surveys.ConclusionThe data suggest that SF cardiovascular products are likely to be a serious public health problem that has received limited attention. We do not suggest that 15.4% of cardiovascular medicines are SF, and our findings highlight the need for more research with robust methodology to provide more accurate prevalence estimates in order to inform policy and implement measures to ensure the quality of cardiovascular medicines and devices within the supply chain. Ensuring that CVD medical products are of good quality would help ensure effectiveness and that the benefits of therapy are realised in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
Neonatal resuscitation practices in Uganda: a video observational study
Authors: Helldén Daniel , Myrnerts Höök Susanna , Pejovic Nicolas J , Mclellan Dan , Lubulwa Clare , Tylleskär Thorkild , Alfven Tobias 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundNeonatal mortality, often due to birth asphyxia, remains stubbornly high in sub-Saharan Africa. Guidelines for neonatal resuscitation, where achieving adequate positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is key, have been implemented in low-resource settings. However, the actual clinical practices of neonatal resuscitation have rarely been examined in these settings. The primary aim of this prospective observational study was to detail the cumulative proportion of time with ventilation during the first minute on the resuscitation table of neonates needing PPV at the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda.MethodsFrom November 2015 to January 2016, resuscitations of non-breathing neonates by birth attendants were video-recorded using motion sensor cameras. The resuscitation practices were analysed using the application NeoTapAS and compared between those taking place in the labour ward and those in theatre through Fisher’s exact test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsFrom 141 recorded resuscitations, 99 were included for analysis. The time to initiation of PPV was 66 (42–102) s overall, and there was minimal PPV during the first minute in both groups with 0 (0–10) s and 0 (0–12) s of PPV, respectively. After initiating PPV the overall duration of interruptions during the first minute was 28 (18–37) s. Majority of interruptions were caused by stimulation (28%), unknown reasons (25%) and suction (22%).ConclusionsOur findings show a low adherence to standard resuscitation practices in 2015–2016. This emphasises the need for continuous educational efforts and investments in staff and adequate resources to increase the quality of clinical neonatal resuscitation practices in low-resource settings.