bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape structure and local variables affect plant community diversity and structure in a Brazilian agricultural landscape
Authors: Silveira dos Santos Juliana , Silva‐Neto Carlos M. , Castro Silva Thiago , Nascimento Siqueira Karoline , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Garcia Collevatti Rosane 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe biodiversity in agricultural landscapes depends on land‐use types, natural elements, and farming intensity. The Brazilian Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot, however, the native vegetation loss rates have increased in the last years, leading several plant species to extinction risk. Here, we analyze the effects of local (soil fertility and litter amount) and landscape variables (patch shape, habitat amount, compositional heterogeneity, matrix dominance and connectivity) on alpha species richness and diversity, and basal area of different Cerrado vegetation types (savanna, forested savanna, and forest) using linear models and Akaike information criterion. We calculated landscape metrics at different spatial scales for 49 sampling sites in intensive farming landscapes. Woody plant diversity and richness were positively related to soil fertility and landscape compositional heterogeneity at 1500 m spatial scale. Plant richness was negatively related to the patch shape of remnants at 1000 m spatial scale. The effects of litter amount to explain the basal area varied between vegetation types. We found a positive effect in savanna and forested savanna and a negative effect in forest areas. Our findings suggest that the increase of monocultures lead to a decline on plant diversity in the studied landscapes. Also, local variables and the diversity of vegetation types need to be considered to design restoration actions in Cerrado. Sustainable intensification and biodiversity‐friendly production systems may be alternatives to increase compositional heterogeneity, thus favoring plant diversity in Cerrado farming landscapes.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Cohort‐based analysis of maternal age at menarche in relation to young adult offspring anthropometric and metabolic parameters
Authors: Jalali Zahra , Bahrampour Saeed , Khalili Parvin , Jalali Nazanin , Esmaeili Nadimi Ali , Sadeghi Tabandeh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesAge of menarche is a determinant factor of cardiometabolic risk, adiposity and stature at adulthood. However, little is known about the transgenerational effects of age of menarche, especially beyond childhood of any offspring, and the studies remain limited to anthropometric outcomes in children at birth or before adolescence. In the present study, we aim to investigate the relationship of maternal age at menarche (MAM) with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in the young adult offspring (aged 15–35 years) in a Persian population.Design, Patients and MeasurementsIn this cohort‐based cross‐sectional study, we recruited 1139 mother–young adult dyads enroled in Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) at adult RCS (aged 35–70 years) and youth RCS (aged 15–35 years) as part of the comprehensive PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN). In this study, MAM was categorized to early (MAM < 12 years), normal (12 ≤ MAM ≤ 14) and late menarche (MAM > 14 years). For these analyses, bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationships between late or early MAM and offspring anthropometric and metabolic parameters.ResultsEarly MAM displayed a significant association with an increased odds ratio (OR) of tall stature adjusting for sex, age, socioeconomic status index, maternal age at birth and maternal height (as genetically determined factor). Sensitivity analysis by sex indicated this relationship to be specific to male offspring only (adjusted OR: 1.84 95% CI: 1.13–3.00, p value: .014). In addition, late MAM displayed a significant association with reduced OR of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in daughters only (obesity adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27–0.88, p value: .018, abdominal obesity adjusted OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23–0.82, p value: .010). dose–response analysis by categorization of MAM, further supported our results. On the contrary, our analyses do not support a significant relationship between MAM and youth metabolic indices, that is, metabolic syndrome, fasting blood sugar (FBS), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG).ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate an association of maternal age of menarche with anthropometric measures of offspring in young adulthood in a sex differential manner. The data does not support a significant relationship between the metabolic indices FBS, TG and HDL in offspring with MAM. Overall, this study provides evidence for the intergenerational effects of age at menarche in the development of anthropometric measures in offspring in young adulthood (15–35), which is the first study of this kind in this age range.
Adverse skin reactions among health care workers using face personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey of six hospitals in Denmark
Authors: Skiveren Jette G. , Ryborg Malene F. , Nilausen Britt , Bermark Susan , Philipsen Peter A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers (HCWs) report frequent adverse skin reactions (ASRs) due to face personal protective equipment (F‐PPE) use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.ObjectivesTo describe self‐reported ASRs among HCWs using F‐PPE; investigate background factors, such as chronic skin diseases and skin types (dry, oily, combination, sensitive), and determine whether HCWs took preventive methods against ASRs.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to 22 993 HCWs at hospitals.ResultsThe prevalence of ASRs was 61.9% based on 10 287 responders. Different types of F‐PPE caused different reactions. The most common ASRs from surgical masks were spots and pimples (37.2%) and from FFP3 masks was red and irritated skin (27.3%). A significantly higher proportion of HCWs with chronic skin diseases had ASRs (71.6%) than those without chronic skin diseases (59.7%) (P < .001). Some skin types were more prone to ASRs (sensitive skin [78.8%] vs dry skin [54.3%]; P = .001). HCWs using F‐PPE for >6 hours versus <3 hours per day had a four times higher ASR risk (P = <.001). Nearly all HCWs used preventive and/or counteractive methods (94.2%).ConclusionsIt is important to consider background factors, such as chronic skin diseases and skin types, to prevent and counteract ASRs due to F‐PPE use.
Disentangling age and schooling effects on inhibitory control development: An fNIRS investigation
Authors: McKay Courtney , Wijeakumar Sobanawartiny , Rafetseder Eva , Shing Yee Lee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChildren show marked improvements in executive functioning (EF) between 4 and 7 years of age. In many societies, this time period coincides with the start of formal school education, in which children are required to follow rules in a structured environment, drawing heavily on EF processes such as inhibitory control. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal development of two aspects of inhibitory control, namely response inhibition and response monitoring and their neural correlates. Specifically, we examined how their longitudinal development may differ by schooling experience, and their potential significance in predicting academic outcomes. Longitudinal data were collected in two groups of children at their homes. At T1, all children were roughly 4.5 years of age and neither group had attended formal schooling. One year later at T2, one group (P1, n = 40) had completed one full year of schooling while the other group (KG, n = 40) had stayed in kindergarten. Behavioural and brain activation data (measured with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS) in response to a Go/No‐Go task and measures of academic achievement were collected. We found that P1 children, compared to KG children, showed a greater change over time in activation related to response monitoring in the bilateral frontal cortex. The change in left frontal activation difference showed a small positive association with math performance. Overall, the school environment is important in shaping the development of the brain functions underlying the monitoring of one own's performance.
A comparison of machine learning algorithms for mapping soil iron parameters indicative of pedogenic processes by hyperspectral imaging of intact soil profiles
Authors: Xu Shengxiang , Zhao Yongcun , Wang Meiyan , Shi Xuezheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSoil iron (Fe) performs vital functions in the biogeochemical cycles of soil environments. The amount and profile allocation of various Fe parameters can be used as sensitive indicators of soil development and pedogenic processes. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ground‐based hyperspectral imaging (HSI: 400–1010 nm) spectroscopy to predict and map six Fe parameters indicative of pedogenic processes: total Fe (Fet), dithionite‐citrate‐bicarbonate (DCB)‐extracted Fe (Fed), oxalate‐extracted Fe (Feo), weathering index (FeW), active ratio (FeA) and crystallinity ratio (FeC). In total, 17 intact soil profiles at a depth of 100 ± 5 cm were collected to acquire HSI images. Four non‐linear machine learning techniques, namely, random forest (RF), XGBoost, CatBoost and support vector machine regression (SVMR), were implemented and compared with linear partial least squares (PLS) to identify the models with the best performance for different soil Fe parameters. Our results indicate that the four non‐linear machine learning models outperformed PLS for most soil Fe parameters, with low root mean square error (RMSE) and high Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) values. Based on the testing set, SVMR showed better performance over the other tested models for Fet (RMSEP = 2.645 g kg−1, LCCCP = 0.89), Fed (RMSEP = 0.972 g kg−1, LCCCP = 0.97), Feo (RMSEP = 0.273 g kg−1, LCCCP = 0.97), FeW (RMSEP = 0.035, LCCCP = 0.97), FeA (RMSEP = 0.033, LCCCP = 0.97) and FeC (RMSEP = 0.031, LCCCP = 0.97). According to the LCCCP values, soil Fet was predicted to be in substantial agreement by SVMR, and the other soil Fe predictions were considered to be in near perfect agreement. Moreover, SVMR required lower computational costs. Given these results, the combination of HSI spectroscopy and SVMR is recommended due to its more reliable estimation and profile mapping of the selected soil Fe parameters than that of PLS, RF, XGBoost and CatBoost.Highlights
Hyperspectral imaging was used to map six soil Fe parameters of intact profiles.
Nonlinear machine learning models were compared to select the most suitable model.
Nonlinear techniques outperformed the linear PLS model in most cases.
SVMR showed higher comprehensive performance than other models.
Hyperspectral imaging combined with SVMR is recommended to map soil Fe in profiles.
The role of forkhead box class O1 during implant osseointegration
Authors: Zhou Feng , Yi Zumu , Wu Yingying , Xiong Yi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFOXO1, a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors, plays a vital role in the osteogenic lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells, and affects multiple cellular functions of osteogenic cells. However, prior studies have focused on mesenchymal stem cells but not on differentiated osteoblasts. In addition, studies about the role of FOXO1 during osseointegration are lacking. In this present study, we constructed osteoblast conditional FOXO1 knock‐out mice and lentivirus‐mediatedFoxO1overexpression to investigate maxillary titanium implant osseointegration. After 4 wk post implant placement, micro‐computed tomography, histomorphometric analyses, and RT‐qPCR assays were performed. Results showed that compared with the control group, overexpression of FOXO1 significantly enhanced bone formation around implant and bone‐implant contact ratio, while loss of FOXO1 impaired peri‐implant osteogenesis and osseointegration. Moreover, overexpression ofFoxO1enhanced expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, such asRunx2,Alp1,Col1a1, andBglap. Whereas, knock‐out ofFoxo1reduced the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes. Taken together, our results suggested that FOXO1 in osteoblasts could enhance osteogenesis‐related gene expression to improve osseointegration.
Acidogenic and aciduric properties of Streptococcus mutans serotype c according to its genomic variability
Authors: Bedoya‐Correa Claudia María , Rincón‐Rodríguez Ramiro Javier , Parada‐Sanchez Monica Tatiana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has a wide genetic diversity that contributes to its phenotypic heterogeneity, and may be related to attributes associated with acidogenicity and aciduricity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acidogenic and aciduric properties of S. mutans serotype c isolates from saliva of schoolchildren according to the genomic variability. S. mutans isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction. Fifty S. mutans serotype c isolates were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and tested for their ability to produce and resist acid. Three specific genotypes were identified in the caries‐active group and only one in the caries‐free group. Although isolates were similarly acidogenic, an exclusive caries‐active genotype had the greatest glycolytic activity. In contrast, isolates exhibited variable aciduricity, and three caries‐active genotypes were the least aciduric. We concluded that there is genetic variability within serotype c. Acid production was similar regardless of the caries status but correlated with the number of genotypes. In addition, resistance to acid could be an important characteristic for the establishment and colonisation of specific genotypes in children with caries. However, it is important to evaluate children's intrinsic characteristics and other phenotypic properties to explain the physiopathological behaviour of the different genotypes.
Prediction intervals should be included in meta‐analyses published in dentistry
Authors: Faggion Clovis Mariano , Menne Max Clemens , Pandis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis focus article aims to highlight the value of reporting prediction intervals (PIs) in random effects meta‐analysis and to assess the prevalence of PI‐reporting in periodontology and implant dentistry meta‐analyses. We searched in the PubMed database for meta‐analyses published in the fields of periodontology and implant dentistry. We selected meta‐analyses related to primary outcomes with at least three trials. Additionally, we extracted information on the type of the meta‐analysis model (fixed or random) and whether the random effects meta‐analyses included PIs in addition to the 95% confidence intervals. Three‐hundred and forty‐nine meta‐analyses were found in 94 systematic reviews. Two‐hundred and sixty‐three (75.4%) subgroup and full meta‐analyses used the random‐effects model, 81 (23.2%) used fixed‐effect methods, and 5 (1.4%) did not specify the model used. In 75 systematic reviews, we found 231 meta‐analyses with three or more trials (173 full meta‐analyses and 58 subgroup meta‐analyses). Only one systematic review reported PIs. Interpretation of the results of random effects meta‐analyses which ignore heterogeneity can be misleading. Heterogeneity should be explored, and two common approaches include subgroup analyses and meta‐regression. Random effects meta‐analyses should include PIs because they convey the extent of heterogeneity in treatment effects across studies in a clinically relevant context.
Dental caries severity and oral health‐related quality‐of‐life in Brazilian preschool children
Authors: Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , Pauli Laís Anschau , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira , Azevedo Marina Souza , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of dental caries on oral health‐related quality‐of‐life (OHRQoL) may be influenced by disease severity. This study evaluated the impact of caries severity on OHRQoL in preschool children. A school‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted with 205 children (aged 2–5 years) in Southern Brazil. Parents answered the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B‐ECOHIS) and provided sociodemographic information. The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment criteria were used to evaluate caries severity, and Poisson regression with robust variance estimation conducted to determine the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the mean OHRQoL scores according to severity level. Most children had at least one tooth in the morbidity (37%) or pre‐morbidity (35%) stages, and the prevalence of impacts on OHRQoL was 40%. Caries severity was associated with the impact scores: after adjustments, the mean B‐ECOHIS scores were 6.31 (95% CI: 4.24–9.38) higher for children in the morbidity stage, and 10.84 (95% CI: 6.51–18.05) higher in the severe morbidity stage, than for healthy children [RR = 10.84 (95% CI: 6.51–18.05)]. Children with carious lesions into dentine or with pulpally‐involved or abscessed teeth had poorer OHRQoL than children without such lesions.
Rare Potamogeton species can establish in restored Danish lowland stream reaches
Authors: Johnsen Trine Just , Henriksen Lisbeth Dalsgaard Romme , Larsen Mette Bundgaard , Kallestrup Helena , Larsen Søren Erik , Riis Tenna , Baattrup‐Pedersen Annette 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity is severely threatened, and despite many efforts to halt biodiversity loss the decline continues. Here, we used a transplantation approach to explore whether failure to reverse this trend for freshwater plants reflects that restoration measures applied to streams are inadequate for restoring suitable habitat conditions for plant species in decline.

We identified declining species within the plant genus Potamogeton and introduced five of these (Potamogeton compressus L., Potamogeton gramineus L., Potamogeton lucens L., Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen., and Potamogeton pusillus L.) into five restored lowland stream reaches in three different habitat types to examine species establishment and growth.

We found that plant establishment varied among streams and species, but we did not see any effect of habitat type within streams on either species growth or survival. Potamogeton compressus and P. pusillus failed to overwinter, while P. gramineus, P. lucens, and P. praelongus were all able to establish viable stands and to overwinter successfully in several of the experimental streams.

Our results suggest that suitable habitats are available for declining Potamogeton species in restored stream reaches in Denmark, but their continued growth may be challenged by limited overwintering success. Consequently, we find it likely that dispersal constraints prevent declining Potamogeton species from naturally recolonising restored stream reaches.

Understanding the importance of life history traits, such as overwintering and dispersal, can be crucial for the recovery of plant diversity in streams. Here we show that species that survived during winter were those with extensive growth of roots and rhizomes making them more adapted to withstand high flows than species relying on seeds and turions for overwintering. The creation of calmer backwater habitats can therefore be crucial when restoring stream reaches since these habitats may facilitate overwintering of species lost from the main channel during winter.
The “new normal” of academia in pandemic times: Resisting toxicity through care
Authors: Plotnikof Mie , Utoft Ea Høg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this piece, we dwell on the shadow sides of the “new normal” of academic labor during the pandemic. As the greedy, neoliberal university penetrates our homes and bodies during lockdown, it infuses our (work) lives with a magnitude of mixed pressures and troublesome effects and affects. Embedded in very different home situations, we explore autoethnographically how we are affected similarly and differently, through questioning our senses of toxic productivity, toxic passivity and toxic affectivity. We recast toxicity as – not a characteristic of the university but – a fundamentally relational issue which works through and exacerbates individualization and isolation in the context of the pandemic, thus requiring relational forms of feminist resistance in response. For this purpose, we develop an approach for writing our differences together, which cares for and fleshes out our lived, multifaceted experiences including the filth and shame associated with the toxic new normal. In doing so, we are not escaping toxicity, but reconfiguring our embodiments and enactments of it by caring for ourselves and others, which re‐energizes us to push back and unsettle how we may live academia, and perhaps become happy academics, during this crisis and beyond.
Wettability and interfacial phenomena in the liquid‐phase bonding of refractory diboride ceramics: Recent developments
Authors: Asthana Rajiv , Sobczak Natalia , Singh Mrityunjay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJoining and integration technologies are integral to manufacturing of components based on ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs) such as transition metal diborides. Brazing is a particularly attractive joining technique because of its simplicity and versatility, but its use to join the UHTCs demands knowledge of the complex interplay among high‐temperature wettability, interfacial reactions, and chemical and thermoelastic compatibilities. This paper summarizes the research and development activities carried out over the last two decades to characterize the wettability and interfacial phenomena in brazing of refractory diboride ceramics. The contact angle data of various metal alloys on diboride‐based ceramics have been collected and critically evaluated in conjunction with an analysis of the chemistry and structure of the interface to understand the underlying mechanisms and phenomena that govern interface formation. It explores how solid–liquid interactions impact and are impacted by physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of joined materials. It also describes how this knowledge has been successfully utilized to create liquid‐phase bonded diboride‐based joints. The paper concludes with a summary of the current state of the art and highlights integration challenges and future research and technology development needs in the area.
Effects of expanded vermiculite on the properties of fired bricks from water treatment sludge
Authors: Gencel Osman , Kizinievic Olga , Sutcu Mucahit , Erdogmus Ertugrul , Velasco Pedro M. , Eliche‐Quesada Dolores , Kizinievic Viktor , Kurmus Halenur 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the suitability of using water treatment sludge (WTS) as the main raw material and expanded vermiculite (EV) as aggregate in the production of fired bricks was investigated. Mixtures containing between 75%–100% WTS by weight (wt.) and 5%–25% EV by wt. were prepared at various proportions. The mixtures were compressed under 40 MPa pressure and fired at 1000°C. It was found the incorporation of EV in fired bricks resulted in a decrease in thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and bulk density and an increase in apparent porosity and water absorption. For the addition of 5%–25% EV by wt., bulk density ranged between 2.01 and 1.69 kg/m3, compressive strength 19.3 and 8.3 MPa, water absorption 21.1% and 10.1%, and thermal conductivity 0.678 and 0.374 W/m‐K, respectively. Based on the promising physical and mechanical properties, fired bricks incorporating WTS and EV can potentially offer an alternative to the traditional production of clay bricks while adhering to the principle of a circular economy.