bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the contribution of a wildlife health capacity building program on orangutan conservation
Authors: Unwin Steve , Commitante Raffaella , Moss Andrew , Bridges Elinor , Farmer Kay H. , Jaya Ricko Laino , Saraswati Yenny S. , Nente Citrakasih , Soedarmanto Indarjulianto , Sulistyo Fransiska , Sugnaseelan Sumita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne Health is increasingly being used as a tool in ecosystem protection. The Orangutan Veterinary Advisory Group (OVAG) is working to address One Health concerns in Pongo spp. (orangutan) welfare and conservation. Orangutans are vital contributors to the ecosystem health of their range areas. Strengthening national capacity is crucial to make a lasting difference in the currently bleak outlook for orangutan species survival. OVAG is a capacity strengthening and expertise network that brings together all those working with orangutans, in‐ and ex‐situ, to share knowledge, skills, and to collectively learn. Using the One Health paradigm embedded to enhance professional development, the OVAG network is successfully supporting conservation outcomes and impact. As part of our adaptive management approach, and to assess individual and organizational change attributable to the capacity strengthening work of OVAG, we evaluated technical skill test data, program satisfaction data, and asked participants to complete a self‐reflective survey. This pilot study of our work demonstrates statistically significant improvements in conservation medicine (t = 5.481, p < 0.0001) and wildlife clinical skills knowledge (t = 3.923, p < 0.001) for those in the OVAG program. Most consider OVAG participation to be either critical or very useful in their conservation medicine decision‐making process, with a perceived positive impact on their skills at handling multiple situations. Additionally, participant feedback shows a sense of being able to drive positive change locally and nationally (within their own countries) as a consequence of OVAG participation. The authors hope the OVAG model including its associated capacity support mechanisms and pedagogical approaches can be used as a template for other One Health efforts.
Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized 129Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
Authors: Khan Alixander S. , Harvey Rebecca L. , Birchall Jonathan R. , Irwin Robert K. , Nikolaou Panayiotis , Schrank Geoffry , Emami Kiarash , Dummer Andrew , Barlow Michael J. , Goodson Boyd M. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHyperpolarization is a technique that can increase nuclear spin polarization with the corresponding gains in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals by 4–8 orders of magnitude. When this process is applied to biologically relevant samples, the hyperpolarized molecules can be used as exogenous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. A technique called spin‐exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can be applied to hyperpolarize noble gases such as 129Xe. Techniques based on hyperpolarized 129Xe are poised to revolutionize clinical lung imaging, offering a non‐ionizing, high‐contrast alternative to computed tomography (CT) imaging and conventional proton MRI. Moreover, CT and conventional proton MRI report on lung tissue structure but provide little functional information. On the other hand, when a subject breathes hyperpolarized 129Xe gas, functional lung images reporting on lung ventilation, perfusion and diffusion with 3D readout can be obtained in seconds. In this Review, the physics of SEOP is discussed and the different production modalities are explained in the context of their clinical application. We also briefly compare SEOP to other hyperpolarization methods and conclude this paper with the outlook for biomedical applications of hyperpolarized 129Xe to lung imaging and beyond.
Identifying Structure–Selectivity Correlations in the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: A Comparison of Well‐Ordered Atomically Clean and Chemically Etched Copper Single‐Crystal Surfaces
Authors: Scholten Fabian , Nguyen Khanh‐Ly C. , Bruce Jared P. , Heyde Markus , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe identification of the active sites for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to specific chemical products is elusive, owing in part to insufficient data gathered on clean and atomically well‐ordered electrode surfaces. Here, ultrahigh vacuum based preparation methods and surface science characterization techniques are used with gas chromatography to demonstrate that subtle changes in the preparation of well‐oriented Cu(100) and Cu(111) single‐crystal surfaces drastically affect their CO2RR selectivity. Copper single crystals with clean, flat, and atomically ordered surfaces are predicted to yield hydrocarbons; however, these were found experimentally to favor the production of H2. Only when roughness and defects are introduced, for example by electrochemical etching or a plasma treatment, are significant amounts of hydrocarbons generated. These results show that structural and morphological effects are the key factors determining the catalytic selectivity of CO2RR.
Ligand‐Conformer‐Induced Formation of Zirconium–Organic Framework for Methane Storage and MTO Product Separation
Authors: Fang Han , Zheng Bin , Zhang Zong‐Hui , Li Hong‐Xin , Xue Dong‐Xu , Bai Junfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn pursuit of novel adsorbents with efficient adsorptive gas storage and separation capabilities remains highly desired and challenging. Although the documented zirconium‐tricarboxylate‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have displayed a variety of topologies encompassing underlying and geometry mismatch ones, the employed organic linkers are exclusively rigid and poorly presenting one type of conformation in the resultant structures. Herein, a used and semirigid tricarboxylate ligand of H3TATAB was judiciously selected to isolate a zirconium‐based spe‐MOF after the preliminary discovery of srl‐MOF. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the fully deprotonated TATAB linker in spe‐MOF exhibits two distinct conformers, concomitant with popular Oh and rare S6 symmetrical Zr6 molecular building blocks, generating an unprecedented (3,3,12,12)‐c nondefault topology. Specifically, the spe‐MOF exhibits structurally higher complexity, hierarchical micropores, open metal sites free and rich electronegative groups on the pore surfaces, leading to relatively high methane storage capacity without considering the missing‐linker defects and efficient MTO product separation performance.
Biphasic Electrolyte Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect of Redox Molecules in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Xiao , Song Xiaosheng , Guo Zhijie , Bian Tengfei , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRedox molecules (RMs) as electron carriers have been widely used in electrochemical energy‐storage devices (ESDs), such as lithium redox flow batteries and lithium‐O2 batteries. Unfortunately, migration of RMs to the lithium (Li) anode leads to side reactions, resulting in reduced coulombic efficiency and early cell death. Our proof‐of‐concept study utilizes a biphasic organic electrolyte to resolve this issue, in which nonafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetrahydrohexyl‐trimethoxysilane (NFTOS) and ether (or sulfone) with lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) can be separated to form the immiscible anolyte and catholyte. RMs are extracted to the catholyte due to the enormous solubility coefficients in the biphasic electrolytes with high and low polarity, resulting in inhibition of the shuttle effect. When coupled with a lithium anode, the Li‐Li symmetric, Li redox flow and Li‐O2 batteries can achieve considerably prolonged cycle life with biphasic electrolytes. This concept provides a promising strategy to suppress the shuttle effect of RMs in ESDs.
Improved Reactive Oxygen Species Generation by Chiral Co3O4 Supraparticles under Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Sun Maozhong , Qu Aihua , Wang Weiwei , Lu Meiru , Guo Xiao , Chen Chen , Hao Changlong , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the most common methods to treat thromboembolism is the use of thrombolytic drugs to activate fibrinolytic protease. The aim of this treatment was to initiate the lysis of fibrin; however, there are many side‐effects associated with this form of treatment. Herein, we fabricated chiral Co3O4 supraparticles (SPs) with a g‐factor of up to 0.02 at 550 nm and paramagnetic performance applied in the treatment of thromboembolism under an electromagnetic field (MF). In vitro experiments showed that d‐SPs degraded blood clot within 8 hours under MF. Compared to l‐SPs, d‐SPs exhibited much stronger thrombolytic ability and effectively enhanced the survival rate of thrombosis model mice more than 70 % in the 25 d of observation. The results of mechanism study showed that under MF, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by d‐SPs were 1.5 times higher than that of l‐SPs, which might be attributed to the chiral‐induced spin selectivity effects.
Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Has Anti‐Proliferative Activity in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiao Zhangping , Song Shanshan , Chen Deng , van Merkerk Ronald , van der Wouden Petra E. , Cool Robbert H. , Quax Wim J. , Poelarends Gerrit J. , Melgert Barbro N. , Dekker Frank J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in protein‐protein interactions that play key roles in inflammation and cancer. Current strategies to develop small molecule modulators of MIF functions are mainly restricted to the MIF tautomerase active site. Here, we use this site to develop proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) in order to eliminate MIF from its protein‐protein interaction network. We report the first potent MIF‐directed PROTAC, denoted MD13, which induced almost complete MIF degradation at low micromolar concentrations with a DC50 around 100 nM in A549 cells. MD13 suppresses the proliferation of A549 cells, which can be explained by deactivation of the MAPK pathway and subsequent induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. MD13 also exhibits antiproliferative effect in a 3D tumor spheroid model. In conclusion, we describe the first MIF‐directed PROTAC (MD13) as a research tool, which also demonstrates the potential of PROTACs in cancer therapy.
The relationships between misinformation and outrage trolling tactics on two Yahoo! Answers categories
Authors: Fichman Pnina , Vaughn Matthew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs the prevalence of online misinformation grows increasingly apparent, our need to understand its spread becomes more essential. Trolling, in particular, may aggravate the spread of misinformation online. While many studies have investigated the negative impact of trolling and misinformation on social media, less attention has been devoted to the relationships between the two and their manifestation on social question and answer (SQA) sites. We examine the extent of and relationships between trolling and misinformation on SQA sites. Through content analysis of 8,401 posts (159 questions and 8,242 answers) from the Yahoo Answers! Politics & Government and Society & Culture categories, we identified levels of and relationships between misinformation and trolling. We find that trolling and misinformation tend to reinforce themselves and each other and that trolling and misinformation are more common in the Politics & Government category than in the Society & Culture category. Our study is among the first to consider the prevalence of and relationship between misinformation and trolling on SQA sites.
Development of a fluorescent probe for detecting Al3+ in cooked wheaten food based on phosphonic acid group functionalized polythiophene derivatives
Authors: Yang Ting , Xu Chun‐ling , Li Song‐Rui , Hu Zhi‐Ru , Feng Guo‐Dong , Gao Hai‐cheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs an unnecessary trace element, the content of aluminium in biological systems should be strictly controlled. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a convenient method for detection of aluminium ions. In this study, a fluorescent probe based on polythiophene derivatives was developed and used to detect Al3+ in Chinese traditional pasta. The fluorescence of this probe showed a significant decrease in hexamethylenetetramine–HCl buffer solution (pH 5) when Al3+ was present. In addition, the probe exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity to Al3+ over other metal ions when EDTA was used as the masking agent. Fluorescence intensity had a good linear relationship with the Al3+ concentration in the range 0.1–10 μM and the limit of detection for Al3+ was 39 nM. Furthermore, the probe was successfully applied to detect Al3+ in food samples and the results were consistent with ICP–AES.
Assessing the influence of perfusion on cardiac microtissue maturation: A heart‐on‐chip platform embedding peristaltic pump capabilities
Authors: Cruz‐Moreira Daniela , Visone Roberta , Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , S. Barros António , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Redaelli Alberto , Moretti Matteo , Rasponi Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeart‐on‐chip is an unprecedented technology for recapitulating key biochemical and biophysical cues in cardiac pathophysiology. Several designs have been proposed to improve its ability to mimic the native tissue and establish it as a reliable research platform. However, despite mimicking one of most vascularized organs, reliable strategies to deliver oxygen and substrates to densely packed constructs of metabolically demanding cells remain unsettled. Herein, we describe a new heart‐on‐chip platform with precise fluid control, integrating an on‐chip peristaltic pump, allowing automated and fine control over flow on channels flanking a 3D cardiac culture. The application of distinct flow rates impacted on temporal dynamics of microtissue structural and transcriptional maturation, improving functional performance. Moreover, a widespread transcriptional response was observed, suggesting flow‐mediated activation of critical pathways of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation and inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypoxic injury. In conclusion, the present design represents an important advance in bringing engineered cardiac microtissues closer to the native heart, overcoming traditional bulky off‐chip fluid handling systems, improving microtissue performance, and matching oxygen and energy substrate requirements of metabolically active constructs, avoiding cellular hypoxia. Distinct flow patterns differently impact on microtissue performance and gene expression program.
Complications associated with the Rotarex® wire in a patient with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Han Donghoon , Shin Dong‐Geum , Kang Min‐Kyung , Rae Cho Jung , Choi Seonghoon , Lee Namho , Lee Jong‐Wook , Haeng Cho Yoon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Rotarex® device is used for thrombectomy as well as atherectomy in patients with PAD. It is important to carefully consider the wire position of the Rotarex® device during the procedure. As possible as the wire should be located in a lesion‐free area.
Agronomic strategies to mitigate yield loss of late‐planted wheat in Kentucky
Authors: Knott Carrie A 
Published: May 2021

Core Ideas
Yield increased when in‐furrow phosphorus was applied to late‐planted wheat in 2 of 3 years.
Yield increased ≥1 bu acre–1 58% of the time in‐furrow phosphorus was applied to late‐planted wheat.
Sixty‐three percent of the time an increased seeding rate increased yield by at least 1 bu acre–1 for late‐planted wheat.
Rapid Aqueous Synthesis of Large‐Size and Edge/Defect‐Rich Porous Pd and Pd‐Alloyed Nanomesh for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Teng Yuxiang , Guo Ke , Fan Dongping , Guo Hongyou , Han Min , Xu Dongdong , Bao Jianchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this work, a facile aqueous synthesis strategy was used (complete in 5 min at room temperature) to produce large‐size Pd, PdCu, and PdPtCu nanomeshes without additional organic ligands or solvent and the volume restriction of reaction solution. The obtained metallic nanomeshes possess graphene‐like morphology and a large size of dozens of microns. Abundant edges (coordinatively unsaturated sites, steps, and corners), defects (twins), and mesopores are seen in the metallic ultrathin structures. The formation mechanism for porous Pd nanomeshes disclosed that they undergo oriented attachment growth along the ⟨111⟩ direction. Owing to structural and compositional advantages, PdCu porous nanomeshes with certain elemental ratios (e. g., Pd87Cu13) presented enhanced electrocatalytic performance (larger mass activity, better CO tolerance and stability) toward ethanol oxidation.
Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoates through 1,2‐Aryl‐Migrative Ring Rearrangement Reaction and their Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Yanai Hikaru , Kawazoe Teru , Ishii Nobuyuki , Witulski Bernhard , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract4‐Aryl‐1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoates having the less accessible 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted naphthalene scaffold and that show photoluminescence emission from solid state as well as in solutions, were selectively synthesized from brominated lactol silyl ethers through the 1,2‐aryl‐migrative ring rearrangement reaction.
PROTOCOL: Community‐based interventions for initiating early end‐of‐life conversations in nonterminally Ill adults: a systematic review
Authors: Lim Mervyn Jun Rui , Foo Qi Xuan Joel , Chan Noreen Guek Cheng , Miny Samuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis systematic review aims to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the existing community‐based interventions for initiating advance care planning (ACP) conversations and quality end‐of‐life (EoL) planning behaviours in nonterminally ill adults internationally? (2) What are the effects of community‐based interventions on the initiation of ACP conversations and EoL planning behaviours of nonterminally ill adults in the community?
Iron Redox Shuttles with Wide Optical Gap Dyes for High‐Voltage Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Curiac Christine , Rodrigues Roberta R. , Watson Jonathon , Hunt Leigh Anna , Devdass Anthony , Jurss Jonah W. , Hammer Nathan I. , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Delcamp Jared H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA series of iron polypyridyl redox shuttles were synthesized in the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states and paired with a series of wide optical gap organic dyes with weak aryl ether electron‐donating groups. High voltage dye‐sensitized solar cell (HV‐DSC) devices were obtained through controlling the redox shuttle energetics and dye donor structure. The use of aryl ether donor groups, in place of commonly used aryl amines, allowed for the lowering of the dye ground‐state oxidation potential which enabled challenging to oxidize redox shuttles based on Fe2+ polypyridyl structures to be used in functional devices. By carefully designing a dye series that varies the number of alkyl chains for TiO2 surface protection, the recombination of electrons in TiO2 to the oxidized redox shuttle could be controlled, leading to HV‐DSC devices of up to 1.4 V.
Basic study to verify possibility for detection of human cardiopulmonary activity in sediment using current‐induced magnetic modulation spectroscopy
Authors: Nebuya Satoru , Takeda Shun , Kumagai Hiroshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe have suggested the current‐induced magnetic modulation spectroscopy (CIMMS) to detect human cardiopulmonary activity in sediment for lifesaving. Initially, a Finite Element (FE) model of human in sediment was developed to simulate impedance change by human cardiopulmonary activity and an optimal electrode arrangement was estimated to detect the activity at burial distance of 47 , 97 , and 147 mm. The estimated electrode arrangement was 427 mm apart for current injection and 305 mm apart for voltage difference detection. The impedance changes at burial distance of 47 mm, 97 mm and 147 mm were 0.0635%, 0.0432%, and 0.0278% caused by respiration and were 0.0006%, 0.0004%, and 0.0003% caused by pulsation, respectively. Secondly, cardiopulmonary activity of a normal male subject was measured with an electrode contactless electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) device using the estimated optimal electrode arrangement. Respiration and pulsation at the distance of 50 mm had shown good agreement between a medical equipment and impedance measurement device. However, the accuracy was worse significantly at the distance of 100 mm and 150 mm gradually. Finally, we calculated the sensitivity difference between EIS and CIMMS and concluded that it would be possible to detect human cardiopulmonary activity in sediment when we use the CIMMS.
A Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Spermine Biosensor Based on Au−Ag Bimetallic Nanoclusters
Authors: Guo Yongliang , Tian Lili , Wu Jiangming , Wu Yang , Liu Yongmei , Du Jie , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, we found that spermine (SPM) could enhance electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of Au−Ag bimetallic nanoclusters (Au−Ag BNCs) with triethylamine (TEA) as a co‐reactant. An ECL sensor was fabricated to detect SPM, which contained Au−Ag BNCs as ECL emitters and conductive hydrogel containing polyaniline‐amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (PANI‐ATMP) as an immobilizing matrix. The increased ECL intensity of SPM was linear with the logarithm of concentrations of SPM in the range of 1 pM to 10 μM with high selectivity, excellent stability, and the limit of detection is 0.11 pM (S/N=3). This sensor realized the detection of SPM in urine samples, which was fast and economic, possessing potential applications for SPM detection in clinical and bioanalysis.
Erosion control in Prehispanic agrarian landscapes from Northwestern Argentina: El Alto‐Ancasti Highlands case study (Catamarca, Argentina)
Authors: Zuccarelli Freire Verónica , Meléndez Ana S. , Rodriguez Oviedo Melisa , Quesada Marcos. N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent research in the El Alto‐Ancasti Highlands (Northwestern Argentina) has identified an extensive agricultural system distributed in between residential sites. This agricultural system seems to have been vulnerable to a gullying system that caused erosion and soil surface loss. The existence of check dams along the inside of these gullies places the beginning of this erosion process at least during its Prehispanic occupation, between 600 and 1000 AD when the agricultural system was active. Here, we characterise the Prehispanic construction of the agricultural landscape, its impact on soil formation and the interaction established by Prehispanic farmers in the area with the local erosive dynamics along the eastern frontier of Northwestern Argentina. Our study indicates the need to pursue further research into runoff agriculture in these environments and its potential contribution for the mitigation of long‐term erosive processes and risks, as well as elucidating strategies towards sustainable soil management by modern‐day local communities.