bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARI and ARID control of virtual synchronous generator for frequency response improvement
Authors: Rathore B. , Chakrabarti S. , Srivastava L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe modern power system is progressing from a centralised generation having synchronous generators to the distributed generation having the large‐scale integration of renewable energy sources. These renewable energy sources are interfaced with the system through the inverter. Due to the inertia‐less nature of inverter, the system becomes prone to frequency instability. The virtual synchronous generator control is used to enhance the frequency stability by introducing virtual inertia in the inverter control. The virtual synchronous generator technique provides flexibility to the researchers to regulate swing equation parameters in real‐time. Based on this concept, this paper proposes an auto‐regulated inertia control as the first contribution to improve the damping effect of virtual synchronous generator control. In the literature, the primary focus is on the inertia control and negligible importance is given to the damping factor control. Therefore, to show the effect of dynamic damping factor, together with dynamic virtual inertia, on the transient stability; an auto‐regulated inertia and damping factor control of virtual synchronous generator is proposed as the second contribution. Simulation results of the proposed techniques are compared with the various virtual inertia control techniques in the real‐time digital simulator environment. The results show that auto‐regulated inertia and damping factor control is the most effective method to provide dynamic frequency support to the microgrid.
Smart electric motor: Evaluation of business potential for digitalisation in the large electric motor industry
Authors: Costello Timothy Joe , Strunz Kai , Müller‐Kirchenbauer Joachim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDigitalisation is seen to have contributed to the demise of 50% of the Fortune 500 companies since 2000. The large electric motor segment is not immune to this changing business landscape and must evolve to survive. This sector is experiencing declining revenues as traditional hardware‐sales‐focused business models have proved inadequate to address a reduction in profitability. New business models that exploit new digital value streams are to leverage the value from emerging technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things, Big Data and the associated emerging predictive analytics. These can be optimised via Cloud Computing and delivered utilising Platform as a Service software solutions to reduce cost and support scalability. The missing link in the justification chain for the installation of digitalisation packages on large electric motors is a model to determine if and which package sections return the most customer value and, therefore, sales opportunities for the supplier. In this context, this paper introduces the concept of the smart electric motor. The focus is on the oil and gas industry, where digitalisation is already deeply engrained in practice and shows how risk‐based decisions can deliver a profitable project through new business models and digitalised solutions to reinvigorate this traditional industry.
Image processing and machine learning‐based classification method for hyperspectral images
Authors: Yaman Orhan , Yetiş Hasan , Karaköse Mehmet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHyperspectral images are used to produce effective solutions in many areas due to the number of information they have. However, the number of information they provide may not bring an advantage always, in contrast, it may cause confusion sometimes. In this study, we propose a machine learning‐based classification method on the reduced bands using median and mean filters. The proposed method is tested on Indian Pines, Pavia University and Salinas datasets. After applying normalization, median filter and mathematical morphology for each band in an image, a feature matrix with only one band is achieved. Then, the most significant features are selected by using relief feature selection algorithm. The selected features are used for classification with support vector machine and K nearest neighbourhood. For all methods and datasets, a success rate above 99% in terms of accuracy is achieved. The proposed method has two significant contributions. First, when the proposed method is compared with the similar studies in the literature, it is clearly seen that the features selected by relief algorithm significantly increase the success rate of classification algorithms. Second significant contribution of using relief algorithm is obtaining faster methods by reducing the number of hyperspectral bands.
A neural network-based methodology to select young stellar object candidates from IR surveys
Authors: Cornu D. , Montillaud J. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Observed young stellar objects (YSOs) are used to study star formation and characterize star-forming regions. For this purpose, YSO candidate catalogs are compiled from various surveys, especially in the infrared (IR), and simple selection schemes in color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are often used to identify and classify YSOs.
Aims. We propose a methodology for YSO classification through machine learning (ML) using Spitzer IR data. We detail our approach in order to ensure reproducibility and provide an in-depth example on how to efficiently apply ML to an astrophysical classification.
Methods. We used feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs) that use the four IRAC bands (3.6,  4.5,  5.8, and 8 μm) and the 24 μm MIPS band from Spitzer to classify point source objects into CI and CII YSO candidates or as contaminants. We focused on nearby (≲1 kpc) star-forming regions including Orion and NGC 2264, and assessed the generalization capacity of our network from one region to another.
Results. We found that ANNs can be efficiently applied to YSO classification with a contained number of neurons (∼25). Knowledge gathered on one star-forming region has shown to be partly efficient for prediction in new regions. The best generalization capacity was achieved using a combination of several star-forming regions to train the network. Carefully rebalancing the training proportions was necessary to achieve good results. We observed that the predicted YSOs are mainly contaminated by under-constrained rare subclasses like Shocks and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), or by the vastly dominant other kinds of stars (mostly on the main sequence). We achieved above 90% and 97% recovery rate for CI and CII YSOs, respectively, with a precision above 80% and 90% for our most general results. We took advantage of the great flexibility of ANNs to define, for each object, an effective membership probability to each output class. Using a threshold in this probability was found to efficiently improve the classification results at a reasonable cost of object exclusion. With this additional selection, we reached 90% and 97% precision on CI and CII YSOs, respectively, for more than half of them. Our catalog of YSO candidates in Orion (365 CI, 2381 CII) and NGC 2264 (101 CI, 469 CII) predicted by our final ANN, along with the class membership probability for each object, is publicly available at the CDS.
Conclusions. Compared to usual CMD selection schemes, ANNs provide a possibility to quantitatively study the properties and quality of the classification. Although some further improvement may be achieved by using more powerful ML methods, we established that the result quality depends mostly on the training set construction. Improvements in YSO identification with IR surveys using ML would require larger and more reliable training catalogs, either by taking advantage of current and future surveys from various facilities like VLA, ALMA, or Chandra, or by synthesizing such catalogs from simulations.
Excitation and evolution of coronal oscillations in self-consistent 3D radiative MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere
Authors: Kohutova P. , Popovas A. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Solar coronal loops are commonly subject to oscillations. Observations of coronal oscillations are used to infer physical properties of the coronal plasma using coronal seismology.
Aims. Excitation and evolution of oscillations in coronal loops is typically studied using highly idealised models of magnetic flux tubes. In order to improve our understanding of coronal oscillations, it is necessary to consider the effect of realistic magnetic field topology and evolution.
Methods. We study excitation and evolution of coronal oscillations in three-dimensional (3D) self-consistent simulations of solar atmosphere spanning from the convection zone to the solar corona using the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code Bifrost. We use forward-modelled extreme-ultraviolet emission and 3D tracing of magnetic field to analyse the oscillatory behaviour of individual magnetic loops. We further analyse the evolution of individual plasma velocity components along the loops using wavelet power spectra to capture changes in the oscillation periods.
Results. Various types of oscillations commonly observed in the corona are present in the simulation. We detect standing oscillations in both transverse and longitudinal velocity components, including higher-order oscillation harmonics. We also show that self-consistent simulations reproduce the existence of two distinct regimes of transverse coronal oscillations: rapidly decaying oscillations triggered by impulsive events and sustained small-scale oscillations showing no observable damping. No harmonic drivers are detected at the footpoints of oscillating loops.
Conclusions. Coronal loop oscillations are abundant in self-consistent 3D MHD simulations of the solar atmosphere. The dynamic evolution and variability of individual magnetic loops suggest that we need to re-evaluate our models of monolithic and static coronal loops with constant lengths in favour of more realistic models.
Ergebnisse nach Pankreaseingriffen aus Sicht der Betroffenen: Versorgungsforschung der Selbsthilfegruppe „Arbeitskreis der Pankreatektomierten e. V.“
Authors: Dimopoulos Ioannis , Meyer Gabriele , Elhabash Saleem Ibrahim , Sorleto Michele , Gartung Carsten , Ewald Nils , Fetzner Ulrich Klaus , Otto Lutz , Möhlenbrock Friedhelm , Uhl Waldemar , Gerdes Berthold 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Im Jahr 1976 gründete sich die Selbsthilfeorganisation „Arbeitskreis der Pankreatektomierten e. V.“ (AdP). Sie ist mit über 1000 Mitgliedern die mit Abstand größte Gruppe von Betroffenen mit Pankreaserkrankungen in Deutschland. AdP-Mitgliedern kommt aufgrund ihrer Betroffenenkompetenz eine bedeutende Unterstützungsfunktion für Ratsuchende zu. Die vorliegende, von Patienten veranlasste Querschnitts- und Versorgungsforschungsstudie hat das Ziel, Ergebnisse nach Pankreasoperationen aus Patientensicht zu erheben.Methode Allen Mitgliedern des AdP wird seit dem 03.03.2018 ein Fragebogen zu 11 Themenkomplexen zugestellt. Die Daten werden in eine pseudonymisierte Datenbank aufgenommen.Ergebnisse 625 pankreasoperierte Patienten nahmen an der Studie teil (Rücklaufquote 55,4 %). 57,5 % erhielten Pankreaskopfresektionen, 15,5 % Pankreaslinksresektionen, 23,2 % Pankreatektomien und 4,0 % einen sonstigen oder nicht spezifizierten Eingriff. Bei 37,9 % wurde ein Pankreaskarzinom diagnostiziert, bei 38,2 % ein sonstiger Pankreastumor, bei 25 % eine Pankreatitis, bei 4 % eine Autoimmunpankreatitis und bei 2,7 % andere seltene Erkrankungen. Ein Teil der Patienten hatte mehr als eine Pankreaserkrankung.Unter den 237 operierten Pankreaskarzinompatienten lebten 82 Patienten länger als 5 Jahre und davon 41 Patienten länger als 10 Jahre. 24,5 % der Karzinompatienten hatten Zweitkarzinome und 13,9 % nahe Verwandte mit einem Pankreaskarzinom.Nach Pankreasoperationen war der Gewichtsverlust eingriffsabhängig beträchtlich, am größten perioperativ nach Pankreatektomie (17,8 ± 9,5 kg). Die Diabetesprävalenz betrug 54,1 %, die Inzidenz perioperativer Diabetesneuerkrankungen 33,3 %. 91,5 % benötigten postoperativ eine Lipasesubstitution im Mittel von 189 417 IE/Tag. Die Lebensqualität (körperlich/seelisch/sozial) zeigte sich von der Operationsart unabhängig.Schlussfolgerung Patienten nach komplexen Pankreasresektionen sind zeitlebens mit Einschränkungen im täglichen Leben konfrontiert. Selbsthilfeorganisationen wie der AdP können einen wichtigen, jedoch bislang wenig genutzten Beitrag zur Erforschung dieser Erkrankungen leisten, und zwar einerseits durch den Perspektivwechsel, andererseits durch Generierung großer Patientenkollektive, z. B. die sehr große Gruppe der Langzeitüberlebenden.
Kurative Radiochemotherapie von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Langer Christine , Wittekindt Claus , Jensen Alexandra Désirée 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungRadio- und Chemotherapie stellen sowohl als definitiver Therapieansatz als auch im adjuvanten Setting wesentliche Bestandteile der Behandlung von malignen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren dar. Der Behandlungserfolg ist hier wesentlich abhängig von Auswahl und Dosierung der verwendeten Substanzen sowie vom spezifischen radiotherapeutischen Setting in Bezug auf Fraktionierung, Therapiegesamtdauer und Bestrahlungstechnik.Hinzu kommen Untersuchungen zur immunologisch basierten Therapie und strahlentherapeutischen Modifikation durch Evaluation der Partikeltherapie innerhalb oder additiv zu etablierten Behandlungskonzepten. Die Therapie HPV-induzierter Tumoren stellt aufgrund der differenten Tumorbiologie und des damit verbundenen verbesserten Gesamtüberlebens eine weitere aktuell untersuchte therapeutische Herausforderung dar.
Management of Deep Spinal Wound Infections Following Instrumentation Surgery with Subfascial Negative Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Rickert Marcus , Rauschmann Michael , Latif-Richter Nizar , Arabmotlagh Mohammad , Rahim Tamin , Schmidt Sven , Fleege Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims The treatment of infections following a spine surgery continues to be a challenge. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been an effective method in the context of infection therapy, and its use has gained popularity in recent decades. This study aims to analyze the impact of known risk factors for postoperative wound infection on the efficiency and length of NPWT therapy until healing.
Patients and Methods We analyzed 50 cases of NPWT treatment for deep wound infection after posterior and posteroanterior spinal fusion from March 2010 to July 2014 retrospectively. We included 32 women and 18 men with a mean age of 69 years (range, 36–87 years). Individual risk factors for postoperative infection, such as age, gender, obesity, diabetes, immunosuppression, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and previous surgeries, as well as type and onset (early vs. late) of the infection were analyzed. We assessed the associations between these risk factors and the number of revisions until wound healing.
Results In 42 patients (84%), bacterial pathogens were successfully detected by means of intraoperative swabs and tissue samples during first revision. A total of 19 different pathogens could be identified with a preponderance of Staphylococcus epidermidis (21.4%) and S. aureus (19.0%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was recorded in two patients (2.6%). An average of four NPWT revisions was required until the infection was cured. Patients with infections caused by mixed pathogens required a significantly higher number of revisions (5.3 vs. 3.3; p < 0.01) until definitive wound healing. For the risk factors, no significant differences in the number of revisions could be demonstrated when compared with the patients without the respective risk factor.
Conclusion NPWT was an effective therapy for the treatment of wound infections after spinal fusion. All patients in the study had their infections successfully cured, and all spinal implants could be retained. The number of revisions was similar to those reported in the published literature. The present study provides insights regarding the effectiveness of NPWT for the treatment of deep wound infection after spinal fusion. Further investigations on the impact of potential risk factors for postoperative wound healing disorders are required. Better knowledge on the impact of specific risk factors will contribute to a higher effectiveness of prophylaxis for postoperative wound infections considering the patient-specific situation.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Extended Half-Life and Recombinant Factor VIII Concentrates by In Silico Simulations
Authors: Bukkems Laura H. , Preijers Tim , van Spengler Max W. F. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of extended half-life (EHL) factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates differ, leading to variation in the optimal dosing regimen for the individual patient. The aim of this study was to establish these PK differences for various EHL FVIII concentrates by in silico simulations.
Methods FVIII level over time profiles of rFVIII-SC, BAY 81–8973, rFVIII-Fc, BAX 855, BAY 94–9027, and standard half-life (SHL) rFVIII concentrates were simulated for 1,000 severe hemophilia A patients during steady-state dosing of 40 IU/kg every 72 hours or dosing as advised in the summary of product characteristics (SmPC).
Results Although the elimination half-life values were comparable for rFVIII-FC, BAX 855, and BAY 94–9027, a higher area under the curve (AUC; 2,779 IU/h/dL) for BAY 94–9027 was obtained. During steady-state dosing of 40 IU/kg every 72 hours, 58.5% (rFVIII-SC), 69.3% (BAY 81–8972), 89.0% (rFVIII-Fc), 83.9% (BAX 855), and 93.7% (BAY 94–9027) of the patients maintained a trough level of 1 IU/dL, compared with 56.0% for SHL rFVIII. Following dosing schemes described in the SmPC, between 51.0 and 65.4% or 23.2 and 31.1% of the patients maintained a target trough level of 1 IU/dL or 3 IU/dL, respectively.
Conclusion BAY 94–9027 showed the largest increase of AUC and best target attainment compared with SHL rFVIII, followed closely by BAX 855 and rFVIII-Fc. BAY 81–8973 and rFVIII-SC showed smaller PK improvements. Although our analyses increase insight into the PK of these FVIII concentrates, more studies evaluating the relation between factor levels and bleeding risk are needed.
Stem Cell Treatment for Ischemic Stroke Recovery
Authors: Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of cellular transplantation to promote functional recovery after stroke has been evaluated over the last two decades. Preclinical studies first established the potential for cultured neuronal cells derived from a teratocarcinoma cell line to be tested for safety and efficacy in the treatment of human stroke. In animal models of stroke that caused reproducible learning and motor deficits, injection of neuronal cells resulted in a return of learning behavior, retention time, and motor function. Clinical trials followed. Additional work with cells derived from a bone marrow neuroprogenitor line, fetal cortical stem cells, and other cell sources showed promise in preclinical studies and then these cells were tested in clinical studies. This report reviews the different biological repair approaches using cell implants, discusses clinical trial design and surgical methods, and the current state of research.
The Initiation of Long-Term Pharmacotherapy in Schizophrenia: Dosage
and Side Effect Comparisons Between Oral and Depot Fluphenazine*
Authors: Schooler Nina R. , Levine J. ,   and the NIMH-PRB Collaborative Fluphenazine Study Group
Published: January 2021

SummaryThis report focuses on two comparisons between oral and depot fluphenazine
specifically FPZ decanoate: 1) can equivalent dosages for the two drugs be
established and do these equivalencies change over six months of treatment; 2)
what are the side effects seen with the two drugs during the early weeks of
administration.Patients in the study receive either oral or depot FPZ as the active treatment
but in order to preserve double blind conditions, they are also given the other
treatment in placebo form. No dosage equivalence is established by the protocol,
however, if dosage is adjusted, both forms must be changed and in the same
direction. During the first weeks of treatment there is a linear relationship
between the two dosage forms but a range of relatively low dosages of the oral
compound (5-20 mg) is associated with a single dose (25 mg/q 3 weeks) of FPZ
decanoate. At higher dosages of the oral drug the relationship is linear. Side effects of some kind are noted in over 60 percent of patients in both
treatment groups after four weeks of treatment, while symptoms of at least
moderate severity occur in almost 40 percent. Only symptoms involving the
extrapyramidal system and sleep disturbance are observed in more than 20 percent
of the patients. Benztropine was prescribed only if needed and was administered to 65 percent of
patients. In general, those receiving benztropine had more side effects than
those who did not. These differences reached significance for extrapyramidal
symptoms and depression.Based on these data, we conclude that at the dosages used in this study there are
no side effect differences between these two forms of fluphenazine in the early
weeks of administration. Dosage equivalence between the two drugs can be set
within the range of 5- 60 mg/day oral and 12.5-100 mg/three weeks depot.
Investigation of device transport characteristics enhancement of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFET through in situ NH3/N2 remote-plasma treatment
Authors: Huang P. , Luc Q. H. , Sibaja-Hernandez A. , Hsu C. W. , Wu J. Y. , Ko H. L. , Tran N. A. , Collaert N. , Chang E. Y. 
Published: January 2021

In this work, we demonstrated considerable enhancement of the transport characteristics of n-type Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (n-MOSFETs) with the assistance of in situ NH3/N2 remote-plasma (RP) treatment. According to the measurement and simulation results, the RP treated sample shows superior device performances as compared to the control sample without plasma treatment including (a) improved on-current (Ion) from 8.5 mA/mm to 17 mA/mm, (b) improved transconductance (Gm) from 16.05 mS/mm to 28.52 mS/mm, (c) suppressed subthreshold swing from 189 mV/dec to 170 mV/dec, (d) suppressed drain induced barrier lowering from 36 mV/V to 28 mV/V, (e) intensified peak effective mobility (μeff) from 1896 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 2956 cm2 V−1 s−1, and (f) reduced acceptor-type density of interface trap state (Dit,A) to 44%. By using TCAD simulation, device output performance is found to be dramatically impacted by the trap state (especially acceptor-type) at the Al2O3/InGaAs interface.