bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of multiband on–off keying pulse modulation with noncoherent receiver for THz applications
Authors: EL Ghzaoui Mohammed , Mestoui Jamal , Hmamou Abdelmounim , Elaage Serghini 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe choice of modulation and waveform is a crucial step for generating a radio signal and designing a wireless communication system. Toward this end, a compromise between low‐complexity and high‐data rate had to be considered when selecting the appropriate transmission technique. Indeed, pulse‐based modulation can be a good candidate for THz system due to its simplicity and it supports very high data over short distance. In this work, we proposed a solution based on multiband on–off keying (MB‐OOK) modulation using a noncoherent receiver. A deferential MB‐OOK transceiver has been evaluated over a THz channel model. A data rate of 54.24 Gbps is achieved with a BER of 10–3 when the distance between transmitter and receiver less than 35 m. Furthermore, the proposed system offers a good compromise between throughput, consumption, and complexity, which allow it to be a good candidate for THz applications.
Out‐of‐field mean photon energy and dose from 6 MV and 6 MV FFF beams measured with TLD‐300 and TLD‐100 dosimeters
Authors: López‐Guadalupe Víctor‐Manuel , Rodríguez‐Laguna Alejandro , Poitevin‐Chacón María Adela , López‐Pineda Eduardo , Brandan María‐Ester 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo measure the out‐of‐field mean photon energy and dose imparted by the secondary radiation field generated by 6 MV and 6 MV FFF beams using TLD‐300 and TLD‐100 dosimeters and to use the technique to quantify the contributions from the different sources that generate out‐of‐field radiation.MethodsThe mean photon energy and the dose were measured using the TLD‐300 glow curve properties and the TLD‐100 response, respectively. The TLD‐300 glow curve shape was energy‐calibrated with gamma rays from 99mTc, 18F, 137Cs, and 60Co sources, and its energy dependence was quantified by a parameter obtained from the curve deconvolution. The TLD‐100 signal was calibrated in absorbed dose‐to‐water inside the primary field. Dosimeters were placed on the linac head, and on the surface and at 4.5 cm depth in PMMA at 1–15 cm lateral distances from a 10 × 10 cm2 field edge at the isocenter plane. Three configurations of dosimeters around the linac were defined to identify and quantify the contributions from the different sources of out‐of‐field radiation.ResultsTypical energies of head leakage were about 500 keV for both beams. The mean energy of collimator‐scattered radiation was equal to or larger than 1250 keV and, for phantom‐scattered radiation, mean photon energies were 400 keV for the 6 MV and 300 keV for the 6 MV FFF beam. Relative uncertainties to determine mean photon energy were better than 15% for energies below 700 keV, and 40% above 1000 keV. The technique lost its sensitivity to the incident photon energy above 1250 keV. On the phantom surface and at 1–15 cm from the field edge, 80%–90% of out‐of‐field dose came from scattering in the secondary collimator. At 4.5 cm deep in the phantom and 1–5 cm from the field edge, 50%–60% of the out‐of‐field dose originated in the phantom. At the points of measurement, the head leakage imparted less than 0.1% of the dose at the isocenter. The 6 MV FFF beam imparted 8–36% less out‐of‐field dose than the 6 MV beam. These energy results are consistent with general Monte Carlo simulation predictions and show excellent agreement with simulations for a similar linac. The measured out‐of‐field doses showed good agreement with independent evaluations.ConclusionsThe out‐of‐field mean photon energy and dose imparted by the secondary radiation field were quantified by the applied TLD‐300/TLD‐100 method. The main sources of out‐of‐field dose were identified and quantified using three configurations of dosimeters around the linac. This technique could be of value to validate Monte Carlo simulations where the linac head design, configuration, or material composition are unavailable.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fyke-Net Sampling to Characterize an Anadromous Rainbow Smelt Population in the Fore River, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Turner Sara M. , Chase Bradford C. , Bednarski Michael S. , Elzey Scott P. , Ayer Matt H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax are a small anadromous species that is native to the northwest Atlantic Ocean, and their populations have declined rangewide. A small, mid-channel survey fyke net is annually deployed to collect demographic information on Rainbow Smelt in several rivers in Massachusetts. Understanding the effectiveness of this fyke net for providing representative data on the spring spawning run is essential for accurate population assessment. To evaluate this effectiveness, we deployed an experimental fyke net that spanned the river channel concurrently with the survey fyke net in the Fore River, Massachusetts, from 2009 to 2012. The survey net CPUE increased as the total number of fish increased, but survey net catches are highly variable at lower daily abundances. The differences in the size distributions were slight and only significant for females in 1 of 4 years. The sex ratios were generally the same between both nets. These findings suggest that while fyke nets might not be ideal for monitoring rivers with very small populations and/or in wide river reaches, catches in larger populations should generally reflect the overall population demographics.
The influence of prostatectomy and body position on location and displacement of pelvic landmarks with pelvic floor muscle contraction
Authors: Cowley David , Stafford Ryan E. , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare pelvic floor muscle (PFM) anatomy and function (i) between pre‐ and post‐prostatectomy in standing, and (ii) between sitting and standing postprostatectomy.MethodsThirty‐two men scheduled to undergo a prostatectomy volunteered to participate. Transperineal ultrasound imaging was used to visualize five anatomical pelvic landmarks that have been validated to reflex anatomy and activity of PFMs (pubic symphysis, anorectal junction [ARJ], mid‐urethra [MU], bulb of penis [BP], and urethrovesical junction [UVJ]). Both before and after prostatectomy, participants performed three submaximal PFM contractions in sitting and/or standing positions while ultrasound data were recorded.ResultsPostprostatectomy the UVJ location was more caudal and dorsal, the ARJ (puborectalis) vector was longer, the BP was more ventral than preprostatectomy, and these landmarks moved less ventrally with contraction. After prostatectomy, the MU, BP, and ARJ were more ventral in standing than sitting. The UVJ was more caudal and elevated more with contraction in standing than sitting after prostatectomy.ConclusionThese data demonstrate differences in the anatomy and mechanics of PFMs post‐ versus pre‐prostatectomy, and between sitting and standing positions postprostatectomy. Findings are consistent with surgical changes to the bladder and urethral anatomy. Reduced passive support for the urethra and bladder are likely to may contribute to differences between standing and sitting postprostatectomy.
Investigation of friction performance and surface integrity of aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composite
Authors: Altin Karataş Meltem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBecause of its superior properties, aramid fiber‐reinforced polymer (AFRP) composite material is used in many sectors including the aerospace, automotive, and defense industries and maintains a stable and reliable coefficient of friction under the various conditions required by these industries. In this study, the friction coefficient of AFRP composites was determined by tests carried out using a ball‐on‐disc friction tester under 8 and 12 N loads at 300, 450, and 550 rpm. The wear traces were investigated and according to the results, the high friction forces negatively affected the wear and led to more prominent wear traces. It was concluded that oxidation, fatigue (thermal), and delamination wear were effective because the increase in the load increased the forces on the samples. In sample A1, the value obtained under the 8 N load was 287.5% lower than that measured under the 12 N load.
Investigations of the improved performances of silicone rubber in the presence of black titanium
Authors: Zhang Ning , Jiang Wenjun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSilicone rubber (SR)/black titanium (BT) composites with high‐temperature resistance and thermal conduction were prepared via an efficient and convenient blending method. The thermal stability and conductivity of these materials, as well as their properties were systematically investigated to determine the effects of BT. As tensile testing showed, the elongation retention rate of SR‐10 described good antioxidation behavior with a value of 30% after aging at 250 °C for 360 h. Additionally, thermal stability was improved with the introduction of BT. The initial decomposition temperature and maximum degradation rate temperature increased by 200 and 23 °C, respectively, in air atmosphere. As is known, it is difficult for inorganic particles to be well dispersed in a polymeric matrix. However, as observed using scanning electron microscopy, BT displayed a good compatibility and dispersion in the SR matrix without any obvious agglomeration. Moreover, it was found that the addition of BT can further enhance the thermal conductivity of SR to 0.48 W m−1 K−1. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Curcumin, a potential initiator of apoptosis via direct interactions with Bcl‐xL and Bid
Authors: Singh Suraj , Barnes C. Ashley , D'Souza Jacinta S. , Hosur Ramakrishna V. , Mishra Pushpa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractApoptosis is a naturally occurring process during the growth and development of multicellular organisms and is increasingly active during times of cellular stress such as in response to intracellular DNA damage when removal of the host cell is paramount to prevent cancer. Unfortunately, once formed, cancer cells become impervious to apoptosis, creating a desperate need to identify an approach to induce apoptosis in these cells. An attractive option is to focus efforts on developing and locating compounds which activate apoptosis using natural compounds. Curcumin is a natural component in turmeric and is well‐known for its pharmacological effects in preventing and combating many ailments and has been shown to decrease the rapid proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells. However, to date, the apoptotic intermediates and interactions through which curcumin exerts its cytotoxic effects are unknown. Motivated by reports linking the intracellular modulation of the concentrations of Bid and Bcl‐xL, following curcumin administration to cancer cells, we set out to probe for potential intermolecular interactions of these proteins with curcumin. Using several biophysical techniques, most notably, fluorescence, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reveal binding interactions of curcumin with both Bcl‐xLΔC and full‐length Bid (Bid‐FL) and prove that this binding is hydrophobically driven and localized to well‐known functional regions of each protein. Specifically, our NMR studies show that while Bid‐FL interacts with curcumin through its hydrophobic and pore forming helices (α6‐α7), Bcl‐xLΔC interacts with curcumin via its BH3 binding pocket (α2‐α3‐α4‐α5), a critical region for mediating apoptosis.
The asymptotic distribution of cluster sizes for supercritical percolation on random split trees
Authors: Berzunza Gabriel , Holmgren Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider the model of random trees introduced by Devroye, the so‐called random split trees. The model encompasses many important randomized algorithms and data structures. We then perform supercritical Bernoulli bond‐percolation on those trees and obtain a precise weak limit theorem for the sizes of the largest clusters. We also show that the approach developed in this work may be useful for studying percolation on other classes of trees with logarithmic height, for instance, we also study the case of d‐regular trees.
HowFIFAWorld Cup2022™can meet the carbon neutral commitments and the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?: Reflections from the tree nursery project in Qatar
Authors: Spanos Ioannis , Kucukvar Murat , Bell Timothy C. , Elnimah Aza , Hamdan Hanin , Al Meer Bodour , Prakash Shashi , Lundberg Orjan , Kutty Adeeb A. , AlKhereibi Aya H. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith sustainability at the heart of Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup 2022™, Qatar has set a track to achieve carbon neutrality, committing to deliver the first‐ever carbon neutral mega event in the world. Achieving these goals require offsetting carbon emissions through quality projects within and outside the state. Tree nurseries with stress‐tolerant variants play a significant role in cutting the excess emissions from Qatar 2022, thereby supporting long‐term sustainable development. This research presents a novel approach to offset carbon emissions utilizing the carbon sequestration potential of trees planted in a tree nursery project in Qatar. The i‐Tree assessment tool and a well‐established US database are used in this regard to undertake a correlation climatic condition analysis between Doha and five locations in the United States with similar demographics as the State of Qatar. The tree nursery data along with water consumption, fertilizer use, and power consumption, were fed as the inputs to the assessment tool. The assessments were carried out considering different irrigation methods for trees and shrubs, treated sewage water with a significant amount of organic fertilizer, and desalinated water. The analysis showed a net‐carbon‐emission reduction equal to 23.482 t CO2‐eqv/year using the treated sewage water. The tree nursery project has a carbon reduction potential of 21.902% compared to the maximum carbon sequestration potential of 30.39 kg/CO2‐eqv/tree/year, when using treated sewage water and a mix of the specific fertilizer. However, the use of desalinated water holds a negative impact on the carbon balance to such a level that the introduction of trees in Middle Eastern may not positively affect climate change mitigation. It was also found that the amount of carbon footprint reduction after the FIFA World Cup 2022 is expected to increase steadily during the average life expectancy of the trees assessed, which were evaluated to be circa 135 years. The results presented support urban planners in proposing integrated sustainability planning strategies and policies. These strategies can initiate projects such as nurseries, parks, and open space areas to reduce carbon footprints, improve the city's social and economic aspects, and preserve the post‐event legacy of mega‐sporting events like the World Cup and Olympic Sports.
A formal framework for the RBV: Resource dynamics as a Markov process
Authors: Wibbens Phebo D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article introduces a formal framework for long‐term resource dynamics under uncertainty. Firms' resource positions are identified with states in a stochastic Markov process. Two stylized examples implementing the framework illustrate how it can yield new strategic insights. One such insight is the attractiveness paradox. Shorter‐lived resources might seem less attractive for the simple reason that they will yield returns for a shorter time period. However, the model in this article shows that when accounting for the full competitive dynamics such seemingly less attractive resources can sometimes yield a more attractive investment opportunity. The ultimate goal of introducing the Markov framework is to provide new directions for resource‐based view research based on formal and simulation models, while retaining the verbal theory's richness and intuitive appeal.Managerial SummaryA firm's resources (the assets and capabilities it has access to) vis‐à‐vis its competitors are the equivalent of the positions of pieces on a chessboard. They represent the “state” of the game, and each player tries to optimize this state in its favor. What sets apart the game of business from the game of chess is uncertainty: while in chess making a move leads to a certain outcome on the board, making an investment usually does not carry such guarantees, especially if it is in an intangible resource such as technology. This article introduces the mathematical tools to study strategic investments in the game of business, inherently incorporating uncertainty and long‐term competitive dynamics.
NIR‐II Excitation Phototheranostic Nanomedicine for Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Tumor Imaging and Targeted Photothermal‐Photonic Thermodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dai Yeneng , Zhao Honghai , He Kun , Du Wenyu , Kong Yingjie , Wang Zhen , Li Meixing , Shen Qingming , Sun Pengfei , Fan Quli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe success of phototheranostics is hampered by some intrinsic defects, such as limited light penetration depth, heat resistance of tumor cells to photothermal therapy (PTT) induced by heat shock protein (HSP) and stress resistance against photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused by hypoxia microenvironment of tumor. Herein, a second near infrared (NIR‐II) light excitation phototheranostic nanomedicine has been fabricated by integrating the semiconducting polymer, azo compound, and HSP inhibitor into a thermosensitive liposome, followed by modification with targeting aptamer, forming Lip(PTQ/GA/AIPH) for multimodal phototheranostics of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The phototheranostic nanomedicine provides tumor targeting NIR‐II fluorescence and photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging, as well as NIR‐II PTT. The released HSP inhibitor can effectively inhibit the activity of HSP for enhanced NIR‐II PTT. Moreover, azo compound can be decomposed by the NIR‐II photothermal activation, generating cytotoxic free radicals and realizing oxygen‐irrelevant photonic thermodynamic therapy (PTDT) effects. Under the NIR‐II laser irradiation, NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging guided enhanced NIR‐II PTT and PTDT by Lip(PTQ/GA/AIPH), can achieve precise diagnosis and effective suppression of deep‐seated TNBC with negligible side effects. This work develops a promising NIR‐II excitation phototheranostic nanomedicine for spatiotemporally specific diagnosis and combination therapy of TNBC.
Reconfigurable 2D WSe2‐Based Memtransistor for Mimicking Homosynaptic and Heterosynaptic Plasticity
Authors: Ding Guanglong , Yang Baidong , Chen Ruo‐Si , Mo Wen‐Ai , Zhou Kui , Liu Yang , Shang Gang , Zhai Yongbiao , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mimicking of both homosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity using a high‐performance synaptic device is important for developing human‐brain–like neuromorphic computing systems to overcome the ever‐increasing challenges caused by the conventional von Neumann architecture. However, the commonly used synaptic devices (e.g., memristors and transistors) require an extra modulate terminal to mimic heterosynaptic plasticity, and their capability of synaptic plasticity simulation is limited by the low weight adjustability. In this study, a WSe2‐based memtransistor for mimicking both homosynaptic and heterosynaptic plasticity is fabricated. By applying spikes on either the drain or gate terminal, the memtransistor can mimic common homosynaptic plasticity, including spiking rate dependent plasticity, paired pulse facilitation/depression, synaptic potentiation/depression, and filtering. Benefitting from the multi‐terminal input and high adjustability, the resistance state number and linearity of the memtransistor can be improved by optimizing the conditions of the two inputs. Moreover, the device can successfully mimic heterosynaptic plasticity without introducing an extra terminal and can simultaneously offer versatile reconfigurability of excitatory and inhibitory plasticity. These highly adjustable and reconfigurable characteristics offer memtransistors more freedom of choice for tuning synaptic weight, optimizing circuit design, and building artificial neuromorphic computing systems.
Vascular Bursts Act as a Versatile Tumor Vessel Permeation Route for Blood‐Borne Particles and Cells
Authors: Igarashi Kazunori , Cabral Horacio , Hong Taehun , Anraku Yasutaka , Mpekris Fotios , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Khan Thahomina , Matsumoto Akira , Kataoka Kazunori , Matsumoto Yu , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDynamic bursting in tumor vasculature has recently sparked interest as a novel particle transportation route for drug delivery. These bursts facilitate the transport of sub‐100 nm nanoparticles into tumors, though their contribution on the access of other blood‐borne particles remains unknown. To evaluate the versatility of this phenomenon, the in vivo kinetics of a variety of intravenously injected particles and their penetration in tumor xenografts and allografts are compared. Dextran, polymeric micelles, liposomes, and polymeric vesicles with diameters ranging from 32 to 302 nm are found to colocalize in virtually all vascular bursts. By mathematical modeling, the burst vent size is estimated to be 625 nm or larger, indicating the dynamic and stochastic formation of large permeation routes in tumor vasculature. Furthermore, some burst vents are found to be µm‐sized, allowing the transport of 1 µm microspheres. Moreover, antibody drugs and platelets are capable of utilizing vascular burst transportation, demonstrating the application of this phenomenon to other types of therapeutics and cellular components. These findings indicate the vast potential of vascular bursts, extending the biological and therapeutic significance of this phenomenon to a wide range of blood‐borne particles and cells.