bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual snow syndrome, the spectrum of perceptual disorders, and migraine as a common risk factor: A narrative review
Authors: Klein Antonia , Schankin Christoph J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this narrative review is to explore the relationship between visual snow syndrome (VSS), migraine, and a group of other perceptual disorders.BackgroundVSS is characterized by visual snow and additional visual and nonvisual disturbances. The clinical picture suggests a hypersensitivity to internal and external stimuli. Imaging and electrophysiological findings indicate a hyperexcitability of the primary and secondary visual areas of the brain possibly due to an impairment of inhibitory feedback mechanisms. Migraine is the most frequent comorbidity. Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that other perceptual disorders, such as tinnitus, fibromyalgia, and dizziness, are associated with VSS. Clinical overlaps and parallels in pathophysiology might exist in relation to migraine.MethodsWe performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search with the following terms: visual snow syndrome, entoptic phenomenon, fibromyalgia, tinnitus, migraine, dizziness, persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD), comorbidities, symptoms, pathophysiology, thalamus, thalamocortical dysrhythmia, and salience network.ResultsVSS, fibromyalgia, tinnitus, and PPPD share evidence of a central disturbance in the processing of different stimuli (visual, somatosensory/pain, acoustic, and vestibular) that might lead to hypersensitivity. Imaging and electrophysiological findings hint toward network disorders involving the sensory networks and other large‐scale networks involved in the management of attention and emotional processing. There are clinical and epidemiological overlaps between these disorders. Similarly, migraine exhibits a multisensory hypersensitivity even in the interictal state with fluctuation during the migraine cycle. All the described perceptual disorders are associated with migraine suggesting that having migraine, that is, a disorder of sensory processing, is a common link.ConclusionVSS, PPPD, fibromyalgia, and chronic tinnitus might lie on a spectrum of perceptual disorders with similar pathophysiological mechanisms and the common risk factor migraine. Understanding the underlying network disturbances might give insights into how to improve these currently very difficult to treat conditions.
Patient's perspectives of injection‐site pain in intracavernosal therapy
Authors: McAllister Bría J. , Bazo Alvaro E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we report on patient's self‐reported anticipated and actual experiences of injection‐site pain while learning intracavernosal therapy. This is significant because anticipated pain has a strong bearing on the willingness of patients to pursue this form of treatment. We looked at 25 men undergoing teaching for intracavernosal injections for erectile dysfunction of mixed aetiology to assess their anticipated pain levels against actual pain levels experienced while injecting. Patients used a standard 0–10 pain score to indicate the level of pain they expected to experience while injecting prior to giving themselves an injection. They were subsequently asked to indicate how painful they actually found the injection. We found that, despite the fact that the majority of patients surveyed expected to experience moderate to severe levels of pain, post‐injection they reported either no pain or mild pain. Men undergoing teaching for penile self‐injection tend to overestimate the injection‐site pain caused by such treatment. Being able to reassure prospective patients of the ease of injection therapy may improve uptake.
Impact of electronic medical records and COVID‐19 on adult Goals‐of‐Care document completion and revision in hospitalised general medicine patients
Authors: Curtis Claire A. , Nguyen Maria U. , Rathnasekara Greasha K. , Manderson Rachel J. , Chong Mae Y. , Malawaraarachchi Janith K. , Song Zheng , Kanumuri Priyanka , Potenzi Bradley J. , Lim Andy K. H. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundConversion from paper‐based to electronic medical records (EMR) may affect the quality and timeliness of the completion of Goals‐of‐Care (GOC) documents during hospital admissions and this may have been further impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic.AimsTo determine the impact of EMR and COVID‐19 on the proper completion of GOC forms and the factors associated with inpatient changes in GOC.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of adult general medicine admissions (August 2018–September 2020) at Dandenong Hospital (Victoria, Australia). We used interrupted time series to model the changes in the rates of proper GOC completion (adequate documented discussion, completed ≤2 days) after the introduction of EMR and the arrival of COVID‐19.ResultsWe included a total of 5147 patients. The pre‐EMR GOC proper completion rate was 27.7% (overall completion, 86.5%). There was a decrease in the proper completion rate by 2.21% per month (95% confidence interval (CI): −2.83 to −1.58) after EMR implementation despite an increase in overall completion rates (91.2%). The main reason for the negative trend was a decline in adequate documentation despite improvements in timeliness. COVID‐19 arrival saw a reversal of this negative trend, with proper completion rates increasing by 2.25% per month (95% CI: 1.35 to 3.15) compared with the EMR period, but also resulted in a higher proportion of GOC changes within 2 days of admission.ConclusionsEMR improved the timeliness and overall completion rates of GOC at the cost of a lower quality of documented discussion. COVID‐19 reversed the negative trend in proper GOC completion but increased the number of early revisions.
“Did I just do that?”—Six‐month‐olds learn the contingency between their vocalizations and a visual reward in 5 minutes
Authors: Keren‐Portnoy Tamar , Daffern Helena , DePaolis Rory A. , Cox Christopher M. M. , Brown Ken I. , Oxley Florence A. R. , Kanaan Mona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has been shown that infants can increase or modify a motorically available behavior such as sucking, kicking, arm waving, etc., in response to a positive visual reinforcement (e.g., DeCasper & Fifer, 1980; Millar, 1990; Rochat & Striano, 1999; Rovee‐Collier, 1997; Watson & Ramey, 1972). We tested infants to determine if they would also change their vocal behavior in response to contingent feedback, which lacks the social, emotional, and auditory modeling typical of parent‐child interaction. Here, we show that in a single five‐minute session infants increase the rate of their vocalizations in order to control the appearance of colorful shapes on an iPad screen. This is the first experimental study to demonstrate that infants can rapidly learn to increase their vocalizations, when given positive reinforcement with no social element. This work sets the foundations for future studies into the causal relationship between the number of early vocalizations and the onset of words. In addition, there are potential clinical applications for reinforcing vocal practice in infant populations who are at risk for poor language skills.
A self‐comfort oriented pattern of regulatory behavior and avoidant attachment are more likely among infants born moderate‐to‐late preterm
Authors: Fuertes Marina , L. Gonçalves Joana , Barbosa Miguel , Almeida Rita , Lopes‐dos‐Santos Pedro , Beeghly Marjorie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInfants born preterm (<37 gestational weeks, GW) are at increased risk for regulatory difficulties and insecure attachment. However, the association between infants' regulatory behavior patterns and their later attachment organization is understudied in the preterm population. We addressed this gap by utilizing a Portuguese sample of 202 mother–infant dyads. Specifically, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 infants born moderate‐to‐late preterm (MLPT, 32–36 GW) to those of 128 infants born full‐term (FT, 37–42 GW) and evaluated the associations of these regulatory patterns with later attachment. Infants' regulatory behavior patterns (Social‐Positive Oriented, Distressed‐Inconsolable, or Self‐Comfort Oriented) were evaluated in the Face‐to‐Face‐Still‐Face paradigm at 3 months, and their attachment organization (secure, insecure‐avoidant, or insecure‐ambivalent) was evaluated in the Strange Situation at 12 months corrected age. In both samples, the Social‐Positive‐Oriented regulatory pattern was associated with secure attachment; the Distressed‐Inconsolable pattern with insecure‐ambivalent attachment; and the Self‐Comfort‐Oriented pattern with insecure‐avoidant attachment. However, compared to FT infants, infants born MLPT were more likely to exhibit a Self‐Comfort‐Oriented pattern and avoidant attachment. Most perinatal and demographic variables were not related to infant outcomes. However, infants with a higher 1‐min Apgar were more likely to exhibit the Social‐Positive‐Oriented regulatory pattern and secure attachment.
An implementation science approach to geriatric screening in an emergency department
Authors: Southerland Lauren T. , Hunold Katherine M. , Van Fossen Jenifer , Caterino Jeffrey M. , Gulker Peg , Stephens Julie A. , Bischof Jason J. , Farrell Erin , Carpenter Christopher R. , Mion Lorraine C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) Guidelines recommend screening older adults during their ED visit for delirium, fall risk/safe mobility, and home safety needs. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) tool for preimplementation planning.MethodsThe cross‐sectional survey was conducted among ED nurses at an academic medical center. The survey was adapted from the CFIR Interview Guide Tool and consisted of 21 Likert scale questions based on four CFIR domains. Potential barriers identified by the survey were mapped to identify recommended implementation strategies using ERIC.ResultsForty‐six of 160 potential participants (29%) responded. Intervention Characteristics: Nurses felt geriatric screening should be standard practice for all EDs (76.1% agreed some/very much) and that there was good evidence (67.4% agreed some/very much). Outer setting: The national and regional practices such as the existence of guidelines or similar practices in other hospitals were unknown to many (20.0%). Nurses did agree some/very much (64.4%) that the intervention was good for the hospital/health system. Inner Setting: 67.4% felt more staff or infrastructure and 63.0% felt more equipment were needed for the intervention. When asked to pick from a list of potential barriers, the most commonly chosen were motivational (I often do not remember (n = 27, 58.7%) and It is not a priority (n = 14, 30.4%)). The identified barriers were mapped using the ERIC tool to rate potential implementation strategies. Strategies to target culture change were identifying champions, improve adaptability, facilitate the nurses performing the intervention, and increase demand for the intervention.ConclusionCFIR domains and ERIC tools are applicable to an ED intervention for older adults. This preimplementation process could be replicated in other EDs considering implementing geriatric screening.
The experiences of frontline nurses in Wuhan: A qualitative analysis of nurse online diaries during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Hua , Wang Ying , Liu Zengmei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAims and objectiveTo explore the experiences of frontline nurses through analyzing nurse online diaries during the pandemic.BackgroundOver 42,600 healthcare professionals took care of patients with COVID‐19 in Wuhan in the initial months between 23 January 2020 and 8 April 2020. Many used to write online diaries on Sina Microblog and still wrote about their experiences in the front line on this site. However, there has been little research on frontline nurses' experiences in the initial months of the pandemic through analyzing their narratives.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsA qualitative content analysis was used to analyze online diaries written by frontline nurses in Wuhan. A total of 205 entries in online diaries were collected from 12 frontline nurses, as accessible to those who subscribed to Sina Microblog social media site, between 23 January 2020 and 8 April 2020. NVivo12 was used to help analyze the data, and COREQ reporting guidelines were also used in this study.ResultsTwo themes were identified: constructing a better self and constructing a strong support network. A better self was constructed in describing positive emotions, commitment to care, pride and achievements, and whole‐person growth. A strong support network was constructed through social support via different sources and gaining self‐support via narrating their personal experiences in diaries.ConclusionsFrontline nurses demonstrated personal growth, psychological well‐being, and professionalism in the process of constructing a better self and a strong support network.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings indicate that frontline nurses can use narratives as debriefing opportunities and a way of gaining self‐support. We suggest that online communities of professional support be used as an essential platform for sharing narratives and gaining a more comprehensive understanding of frontline nurses in the COVID‐19 pandemic and other global public health events.
The work of nurses to provide good and safe services to children receiving hospital‐at‐home: A qualitative interview study from the perspectives of hospital nurses and physicians
Authors: Aasen Line , Johannessen Anne‐Kari , Ruud Knutsen Ingrid , Werner Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo explore and describe the work performed by the nurses providing hospital‐at‐home care to children and their families from the perspectives of hospital nurses and physicians.BackgroundTo reduce capacity pressure on hospitals, various ambulatory services combining hospital and home treatment have emerged. Studies have shown that children and their families are satisfied with hospital‐at‐home when the parents experienced the professionals possessed the necessary competences. Knowledge is limited about nurses and physicians’ perspectives on the work performed and competence needed when children receive hospital treatment in the family's home.DesignA qualitative descriptive design with semi‐structured interviews was used. Sixteen nurses and physicians from two hospitals in Norway working in hospital‐at‐home for children were recruited to interview. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. In preparing the manuscript, we applied the COREQ guidelines. The theory on ‘expert nursing’ supported the discussion of results.ResultsWe identified three categories through analysis; building a trustful relationship with the family and the sick child; performing essential skills in paediatric nursing care in hospital‐at‐home; and nurses serving as the ‘hub’ between the different parties.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the complexity of the work performed by hospital nurses when children received hospital‐at‐home. Building a trustful relationship and alliance with the child and the family formed the cornerstone of accomplishing good and safe paediatric care. The nurses became a coordinating and collaborating ‘hub’ for actors involved, taking care of patient safety on a daily basis.Relevance to clinical practiceThe way the nurses approached the children and their families, was the core element of the paediatric nursing expertise and important for the service quality and patient safety. The importance of building a trustful relationship needs to be more acknowledged, and the services would benefit to organise this through continuity of care.
Effects of ferulic acid on muscle development and intestinal microbiota of zebrafish
Authors: Yin Xiaoyu , Liu Wuyun , Chen Hao , Qi Chelimuge , Chen Hongsong , Niu Huaxin , Yang Jingfeng , Kwok Kevin W. H. , Dong Wu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFerulic acid (FA) is one of a common ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. FA has the interesting property of promoting growth and improving meat quality in livestock, but the mechanism is not understood. This study evaluated both safety and mechanism of efficacy in zebrafish model. At 15 μg/mL or above, FA led to pericardial oedema and delayed growth in zebrafish embryos. Dietary FA promoted growth and feed assimilation in male adult zebrafish. Genes related to myogenic development (myod1, myog and myf5) were significantly upregulated by FA and muscle fibre width in skeletal muscle was increased. At 20 µg/g, FA significantly increased number of goblet cells in zebrafish intestinal tissue, and gut microbiota composition also changed. Based on 16s rRNA gene sequences, 20 μg/g FA decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroides. 20 μg/g FA also stimulated the expression of PPAR‐α, a gene associated with fat metabolism, and decreased the expression of PPAR‐β and PPAR‐γ. These gene expression changes were beneficial to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and decreased fat deposition. Our overall results indicated that FA can be a safe growth promotor in fish particularly in skeletal muscles.
Anxiety and depression among nurses inCOVIDandnon‐COVIDintensive care units
Authors: Tamrakar Parishma , Pant Sagun Ballav , Acharya Subhash Prasad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundFrontline nurses dealing with the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic face various mental health challenges ranging from excessive stress and anxiety to severe depression.AimsTo study the comparative prevalence of anxiety and depression, and their contributing factors, between nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) with COVID‐19 patients (COVID ICU) and nurses working in ICU with patients admitted for other reasons (non‐COVID ICU).DesignQuantitative comparative cross‐sectional study.MethodsAll frontline nurses working in COVID and non‐COVID ICUs at a tertiary care university hospital in Nepal were included. The data were collected using Google Forms. The groups were evaluated and compared in terms of various relevant variables with self‐designed socio‐demographic questionnaire, the validated Nepali version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ‐12).ResultsThe response rate was 100%. Of the 99 nurses who met the inclusion criteria, three were excluded. Out of the 96 nurses included, psychiatric caseness was present in 82 (85.4%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of psychiatric caseness, anxiety, and depression between the COVID ICU and non‐COVID ICU nurses (caseness of 90.4% vs 79.5%,P = .134; anxiety of 36.5% vs 27.3%,P = .587; and depression of 21.2% vs 9.1%,P = .214, respectively). Among the factors that could potentially lead to psychiatric caseness, anxiety, and depression, statistically significant differences were observed only in relation to sleep disturbances, confidence in caring for patients with COVID‐19 and intentions to discontinue current job, all being significantly higher in COVID ICU nurses.ConclusionAnxiety and depression are common in nurses working in both the COVID and non‐COVID ICUs, although the difference is not statistically significant.Relevance to clinical practiceEarly assessment of anxiety and depression in nurses working in all ICUs and their active medical and behavioural interventions are important in protecting this vital work force dealing with the pandemic.
Philosophy, politics, and economics of cryptocurrency I: Money without state
Authors: Bailey Andrew M. , Rettler Bradley , Warmke Craig 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we describe what cryptocurrency is, how it works, and how it relates to familiar conceptions of and questions about money. We then show how normative questions about monetary policy find new expression in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. These questions can play a role in addressing not just what money is, but what it should be. A guiding theme in our discussion is that progress here requires a mixed approach that integrates philosophical tools with the purely technical results of disciplines like computer science and economics.
Skin cancer and sun protective behaviours in water‐based sports: A scoping review
Authors: Bennett Hannah Grace , Dahl Lillian Arabella , Furness James , Kemp‐Smith Kevin , Climstein Mike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who participate in outdoor sports are subject to an increased risk of developing skin cancer. To date, there has been no review examining skin cancer and sun protective behaviours specific to outdoor, water‐based sports. Therefore, this scoping reviews objectives were to (a) summarize volume and type of the scientific literature available relating to skin cancer, (b) examine current sun protective behaviours and (c) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research.MethodA scoping review was conducted to address the objectives following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched; identified studies were screened based on title, abstract and full text for outdoor water‐based sports, which examined skin cancer and/or sun protective behaviours. Data were extracted, synthesized and critically appraised using a modified AXIS tool. Percentage frequencies were calculated, and key results were placed in tabular or graphical presentation.ResultsNine cross‐sectional studies were identified, all defined as low‐level evidence. A combined sample of 4377 participants across six countries and five water‐based sports showed BCC (71%) was the most common skin cancer, followed by melanoma (18%) and SCC (10%). The head (41%) and upper limbs (27%) were the most common location.ConclusionThis review highlights the minimal research available and demonstrates those in water‐based sports are at high risk of developing skin cancer. Due to difficulty adhering to sun protective behaviours, the most prevalent location is the upper body. Included studies were of low‐level evidence, providing opportunity for future research to expand upon the gaps in the current literature.
Marriage matters for Black middle‐class women: A review of Black American marriages, work, and family life
Authors: Council LaToya D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is well documented that Black women tend to experience lower marriage participation than non‐Black women because of the marriage squeeze, including an unequal sex‐ratio within age cohorts, and the increase in economic precarity among Black men. The experience of the marriage squeeze impacts poor, and college educated Black women, but this is only one viewpoint. Drawing on work and family research at the intersection of racial identity, gender, and class, I argue that marriage provides Black middle‐class women access to privileges and resources like safety and kin networks within a U.S. nation‐state constrained by racism and sexism. By relying on marriage, Black middle‐class women can realize personal and familial desires, as well as encounter patriarchal oppression. I end this review with a discussion on future directions for research in this area, and a discussion on imagined futures for Black women that incorporates self‐love and self‐actualization.