bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of dementia or post-traumatic stress disorder? Under-recognised behaviours in veterans with dementia
Authors: Hutchinson Deborah , Isaacs Martin , Chamberlain Lucy , Dening Karen Harrison 
Published: August 2021

Background: The veteran community are at increased risk of poor mental health and developing dementia as a result of their miliary service, with the potential to lead to delayed onset post-traumatic stress disorder (DOPTSD). The manifestation of DOPTSD may be misinterpreted as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which create difficulties in caring for the person experiencing these distressing symptoms. Aims: This paper details the development of a screening tool for people with dementia, which aims to reframe and contextualise some of the behaviours under the lens of historic traumatic events. Methods: The utility of the screening tool is demonstrated through the presentation and an analysis of an anonymised case study to support nurse practice development. Conclusions: A trauma history tool offers a more comprehensive and interpretive view of the possible historic, trauma-related causes of current behaviours and can aid informal carers' understanding of the stress and distress reactions of their family members.
Establishment of Rice Quality Prediction Model for Intermittent Drying
Authors: Song Qi , Wei Xinhua 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsThis study explored the feasibility of developing an evaluation method for rice quality.A unified quality scale for different drying cycles facilitates evaluation of rice quality after drying.A head rice yield (HRY) prediction model was established that fit well with the actual HRY.The established HRY prediction model can be used as a performance index for optimization of rice drying.Abstract. Intelligent control of the drying process is important to achieve better rice quality. An effective quality evaluation method is the basis for intelligent control of rice drying. To study the effects of intermittent drying on the quality of paddy rice and explore the feasibility of establishing a quality evaluation method, intermittent drying experiments were conducted with variety Nanjing 9108 (Oryza sativa L.). The paddy samples were dried from an initial moisture content of 23.10% to 14% wet basis (w.b.). The paddy samples were initially dried at 60°C to various moisture contents without tempering. These pre-dried samples were then dried using different drying temperatures to obtain specific moisture content reductions, tempered, and then dried again at 60°C to the final moisture content of 14% w.b. without tempering. After drying, the quality parameters of the paddy samples were measured and analyzed. The R2 values of the head rice yield (HRY) prediction model, chalkiness prediction model, and protein prediction model established in this study were 0.75, 0.44, and 0.26, respectively. The HRY prediction model was shown to accurately predict HRY in the intermittent drying experiments. Within the range of the model parameters, the effectiveness of the HRY prediction model was explored by constant-temperature intermittent drying and variable-temperature intermittent drying. The results showed that if the summation of the predicted changes in HRY is large, then the measured HRY will be large. Therefore, the HRY prediction model can be used as a performance index for rolling optimization of the paddy drying process. Keywords: Head rice yield, Intermittent drying, Prediction model, Rice quality.
Experiment and Optimization of High-Efficiency Mechanical Separation of Peanut Seedlings and Residual Film Based on Suspension Velocity
Authors: Gu Fengwei , Yang Meng , Hu Zhichao , Zhang Yanhua , Zhang Chong , Wang Shenying 
Published: August 2021

HighlightsAn efficient method for separating peanut seedlings and residual film harvested from film-mulched peanut was proposed, and the mechanism was optimized.The relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials were studied.Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were carried out and analyzed, and the optimal parameter combination was determined.A validation test was carried out to verify the rationality and accuracy of the optimized regression model.Abstract. To address the problems of lower residual film removal and higher material loss in the forage utilization of peanut seedlings wrapped in residual film, this study explored the relationships between the suspension velocity and moisture content of different shredded materials derived from peanut seedlings and conducted performance tests and parameter optimization for a machine that uses peanut seedlings as forage material. Four-factor, three-level Box-Behnken experiments were designed using the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans and the frequency of the vibrating sieve as test factors, and using the residual film removal rate and material loss rate as response values. The test results indicated that the suspension velocity of the shredded materials showed a quadratic relationship with moisture content. The performance tests showed that the significance sequence of the test factors for the residual film removal rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the upper fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, and frequency of the vibrating sieve. The significance sequence for the material loss rate was: rotational speed of the lower fans, rotational speed of the shredding shaft, frequency of the vibrating sieve, and rotational speed of the upper fans. The parameter optimization and validation test showed that the residual film removal rate was 92.71% and the material loss rate was 8.19% when the rotational speeds of the shredding shaft, upper fans, and lower fans were 1650, 770, and 665 rpm, respectively, and the frequency of the vibrating sieve was 4 Hz. The relative errors between the validation test results and the predicted values from the regression models were less than 3%, which suggests that the regression models are reliable. This study provides a reference for the forage utilization of peanut seedlings harvested from film-mulched peanut and provides a reference for determining the optimal working parameters of forage processing machines. Keywords: Agricultural machinery, Box-Behnken experiment, Optimization, Peanut film-seedling separation, Suspension velocity.
Also d'Susi wär e ganz e liebi Frau für de Markus! Zur Verdoppelung des indefiniten Artikels in der adverbiell erweiterten Nominalphrase im Schweizerdeutschen
Authors: Steiner Janine 
Published: August 2021

Three possible constructions of adverbially complemented noun phrases are attested in Swiss German. In (1), the indefinite article is doubled, whereas in (2) and (3) the article appears only once; it precedes or follows the adverb, respectively:
(1)	Also	d'	Susi	wär	e	ganz	e	liebi	Frau	für	de	Markus!
So	the	Susi	would_be	Art	really	Art	lovely	wife	for	the	Markus!
'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!'
(2)	Also	d'	Susi	wär	ganz	e	liebi	Frau	für	de	Markus!
So	the	Susi	would_be	really	Art	lovely	wife	for	the	Markus!
'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!'
(3)	Also	d'	Susi	wär	e	ganz	liebi	Frau	für	de	Markus!
So	the	Susi	would_be	Art	really	lovely	wife	for	the	Markus!
'Susi would be a really lovely wife for Markus!'
Doubling of the indefinite article is quite often mentioned in dialectological literature. Unfortunately there is nothing to be found about regional differences, frequency or possible contexts for a doubling in most standard works of Swiss German dialectology. The present paper now fills in some of these gaps in research on the adverbially complemented noun phrase in Swiss German:
In a quantitative analysis will be shown that the construction with the article between adverb and adjective (2) is the one given the highest acceptance and preference rates by the informants. Furthermore the paper also shows that the doubling-construction (1) is more prominent in some Swiss German speaking-areas than in others. An apparent time analysis reveals ongoing language change and, last but not least, it shows that sociolinguistic parameters have an impact on the adverbially complemented noun phrase as well.
Modeling solar eclipse shadow bands using wave optics simulation through distributed turbulence
Authors: Zhan Hanyu , Voelz David G. 
Published: August 2021

Thin, wavy ribbons of light known as “shadow bands” can be seen moving and
undulating on the ground just preceding and following the occurrence
of a total solar eclipse. Using the scattering scintillation theory,
Codona [Astron.
Astrophys. 164, 415
(1986)AAEJAF0004-6361] presented
theoretical investigations that explain recorded features of shadow
bands and suggest the turbulence mainly responsible for the bands is
within the bottom 2–3 km of the atmosphere. This paper proposes an
approach to model the shadow band phenomena using a numerical wave
optics simulation. The simulation approach employs numerical wave
optics techniques to model a crescent-shape source, propagation of
component plane waves through turbulence phase screens, and
observation of the light at the ground. The simulation produces
intensity patterns with structures and evolution that are consistent
with actual shadow band observations and Codona’s theory. The
contribution of the turbulence phase screens as a function of height
to the shadow band intensity scintillation index is simulated and
excellent correspondence is found with the theory. Finally, the
practical utility of the simulation is illustrated by creating
intensity frames that show the temporal evolution of the patterns due
to wind. The simulation approach is adaptable and can be applied to
scintillation and imaging problems involving other incoherent objects
or sources that subtend relatively large angles and are observed
through atmospheric turbulence.
Delay-and-sum-to-delay-standard-deviation factor: a promising adaptive beamformer
Authors: Paul Souradip , Thomas Anjali , Singh Mayanglambam Suheshkumar 
Published: August 2021

A new adaptive weighting method [delay-and-sum-to-delay-standard-deviation factor (DASDSF)] combined with minimum variance (MV) beamforming is introduced in photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Existing MV-based beamformers improve photoacoustic image quality in terms of achieving narrow main lobes and, thus, improving spatial resolution. But, the beamformers give a strong side-lobe signal strength that greatly degrades the reconstructed image contrast. As a feedback weighting factor, DASDSF addresses the persisting side-lobe issue present in MV-beamformed images, i.e., our proposed method is robust against reduction in noises as well as side lobes, and it outperforms MV and MV combined with coherence factor beamformers. Validation studies—being carried out both in numerical simulation and experiments employing a low-cost (16 elements) linear transducer array in a home-built PAI system—demonstrate an excellent performance of the proposed weighting approach in improving SNR, while reducing main-lobe width (i.e., FWHM) and side-lobe signal strength. The study demonstrates that the proposed algorithm holds promise for development of a cost-effective PAI system using a low-cost linear transducer (

∼

16

elements against

∼

128

generally used).
The prevalence of mental disorders among homeless people in high-income countries: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Gutwinski Stefan , Schreiter Stefanie , Deutscher Karl , Fazel Seena 
Published: August 2021

Background
Homelessness continues to be a pressing public health concern in many countries, and mental disorders in homeless persons contribute to their high rates of morbidity and mortality. Many primary studies have estimated prevalence rates for mental disorders in homeless individuals. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of any mental disorder and major psychiatric diagnoses in clearly defined homeless populations in any high-income country.

Methods and findings
We systematically searched for observational studies that estimated prevalence rates of mental disorders in samples of homeless individuals, using Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar. We updated a previous systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in 2007, and searched until 1 April 2021. Studies were included if they sampled exclusively homeless persons, diagnosed mental disorders by standardized criteria using validated methods, provided point or up to 12-month prevalence rates, and were conducted in high-income countries. We identified 39 publications with a total of 8,049 participants. Study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies and a risk of bias tool. Random effects meta-analyses of prevalence rates were conducted, and heterogeneity was assessed by meta-regression analyses. The mean prevalence of any current mental disorder was estimated at 76.2% (95% CI 64.0% to 86.6%). The most common diagnostic categories were alcohol use disorders, at 36.7% (95% CI 27.7% to 46.2%), and drug use disorders, at 21.7% (95% CI 13.1% to 31.7%), followed by schizophrenia spectrum disorders (12.4% [95% CI 9.5% to 15.7%]) and major depression (12.6% [95% CI 8.0% to 18.2%]). We found substantial heterogeneity in prevalence rates between studies, which was partially explained by sampling method, study location, and the sex distribution of participants. Limitations included lack of information on certain subpopulations (e.g., women and immigrants) and unmet healthcare needs.

Conclusions
Public health and policy interventions to improve the health of homeless persons should consider the pattern and extent of psychiatric morbidity. Our findings suggest that the burden of psychiatric morbidity in homeless persons is substantial, and should lead to regular reviews of how healthcare services assess, treat, and follow up homeless people. The high burden of substance use disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders need particular attention in service development. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018085216).

Trial registration
PROSPERO CRD42018085216.
TCF21 regulates miR-10a-5p/LIN28B signaling to block the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells
Authors: Zhu Haijun , Kang Mengshi , Bai Xinping 
Published: August 2021

Background and aim
Some research has suggested that miRNA-10a (miR-10a-5p) had an inhibitory function in proliferation and invasion of cancers. Whereas the role of miR-10a-5p in melanoma has not been fully explored. This study aims to confirm LIN28B as the targeted gene of miR-10a-5p which was explored in melanoma cells. In addition, upstream regulatory molecule of miR-10a-5p was also investigated in melanoma cells.

Methods
Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was adopted to analyze miR-10a-5p expression level in melanoma and the normal human epidermal melanocyte cells. Several biological assays were performed to evaluate miR-10a-5p influences on cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability in A375 and B16-F10 cells. Gene prediction of miRNA targeting and a dual luciferase assay were applied to assess miR-10a-5p-targeted LIN28B. Western blot assessed the impacts of miR-10a-5p on the protein expression of LIN28B. Western blot analyzed the TCF21 effects on the expression of LIN28B and RT-qPCR assessed the influence of TCF21 on the expression level of miRNA-10a. In addition, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay and JASPAR databases were employed to explore the regulatory relationship between TCF21 and miR-10a-5p.

Results
We discovered that miR-10a-5p expression was lower in melanoma cells and high expression of miR-10a-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of melanoma cells. We also discovered that miR-10a-5p targeted the LIN28B mRNA 3′UTR area and diminished LIN28B protein expression. We found that LIN28B expression was strongly decreased by TCF21 upregulation in the two melanoma cells. The qRT-PCR assay showed that miR-10a-5p expression level was obviously boosted by increased TCF21 expression. The results also demonstrated that TCF21 directly regulated miR-10a-5p at transcript levels.

Conclusion
TCF21 induced miRNA-10a targeting LIN28B could affect the progression and growth of melanoma.
Intravesical CD74 and CXCR4, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) receptors, mediate bladder pain
Authors: Ye Shaojing , Ma Fei , Mahmood Dlovan F. D. , Meyer-Siegler Katherine L. , Menard Raymond E. , Hunt David E. , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard , Vera Pedro L. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Activation of intravesical protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) leads to release of urothelial macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF then binds to urothelial MIF receptors to release urothelial high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and elicit bladder hyperalgesia. Since MIF binds to multiple receptors, we investigated the contribution of individual urothelial MIF receptors to PAR4-induced HMGB1 release in vivo and in vitro and bladder pain in vivo.

Methodology/Principal findings
We tested the effect of intravesical pre-treatment with individual MIF or MIF receptor (CD74, CXCR4, CXCR2) antagonists on PAR4-induced HMGB1 release in vivo (female C57/BL6 mice) and in vitro (primary human urothelial cells) and on PAR4-induced bladder hyperalgesia in vivo (mice). In mice, PAR4 induced HMGB1 release and bladder hyperalgesia through activation of intravesical MIF receptors, CD74 and CXCR4. CXCR2 was not involved in these effects. In primary urothelial cells, PAR4-induced HMGB1 release through activation of CD74 receptors. Micturition parameters in mice were not changed by any of the treatments.

Conclusions/Significance
Urothelial MIF receptors CD74 and CXCR4 mediate bladder pain through release of urothelial HMGB1. This mechanism may set up persistent pain loops in the bladder and warrants further investigation. Urothelial CD74 and CXCR4 may provide novel targets for interrupting bladder pain.
Comparing growth velocity of HIV exposed and non-exposed infants: An observational study of infants enrolled in a randomized control trial in Zambia
Authors: Chilyabanyama Obvious Nchimunya , Chilengi Roma , Laban Natasha Makabilo , Chirwa Masuzyo , Simunyandi Michelo , Hatyoka Luiza Miyanda , Ngaruye Innocent , Iqbal Najeeha Talat , Bosomprah Samuel 
Published: August 2021

Background
Impaired growth among infants remains one of the leading nutrition problems globally. In this study, we aimed to compare the growth trajectory rate and evaluate growth trajectory characteristics among children, who are HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU), under two years in Zambia.

Method
Our study used data from the ROVAS II study (PACTR201804003096919), an open-label randomized control trial of two verses three doses of live, attenuated, oral RotarixTM administered 6 &10 weeks or at 6 &10 weeks plus an additional dose at 9 months of age, conducted at George clinic in Lusaka, Zambia. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were collected on all scheduled and unscheduled visits. We defined linear growth velocity as the rate of change in height and estimated linear growth velocity as the first derivative of the mixed effect model with fractional polynomial transformations and, thereafter, used the second derivative test to determine the peak height and age at peak heigh.

Results
We included 212 infants in this study with median age 6 (IQR: 6–6) weeks of age. Of these 97 (45.3%) were female, 35 (16.4%) were stunted, and 59 (27.6%) were exposed to HIV at baseline. Growth velocity was consistently below the 3rd percentile of the WHO linear growth standard for HEU and HUU children. The peak height and age at peak height among HEU children were 74.7 cm (95% CI = 73.9–75.5) and 15.5 months (95% CI = 14.7–16.3) respectively and those for HUU were 73 cm (95% CI = 72.1–74.0) and 15.6 months (95% CI = 14.5–16.6) respectively.

Conclusion
We found no difference in growth trajectories between infants who are HEU and HUU. However, the data suggests that poor linear growth is universal and profound in this cohort and may have already occurred in utero.
Temporal and regional trends of antibiotic use in long-term aged care facilities across 39 countries, 1985-2019: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z. , Gates Peter J. , Gasparini Claudia , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAntibiotic misuse is a key contributor to antimicrobial resistance and a concern in long-term aged care facilities (LTCFs). Our objectives were to: i) summarise key indicators of systemic antibiotic use and appropriateness of use, and ii) examine temporal and regional variations in antibiotic use, in LTCFs (PROSPERO registration CRD42018107125).Methods & findingsMedline and EMBASE were searched for studies published between 1990–2021 reporting antibiotic use rates in LTCFs. Random effects meta-analysis provided pooled estimates of antibiotic use rates (percentage of residents on an antibiotic on a single day [point prevalence] and over 12 months [period prevalence]; percentage of appropriate prescriptions). Meta-regression examined associations between antibiotic use, year of measurement and region. A total of 90 articles representing 78 studies from 39 countries with data between 1985–2019 were included. Pooled estimates of point prevalence and 12-month period prevalence were 5.2% (95% CI: 3.3–7.9; n = 523,171) and 62.0% (95% CI: 54.0–69.3; n = 946,127), respectively. Point prevalence varied significantly between regions (Q = 224.1, df = 7, p<0.001), and ranged from 2.4% (95% CI: 1.9–2.7) in Eastern Europe to 9.0% in the British Isles (95% CI: 7.6–10.5) and Northern Europe (95% CI: 7.7–10.5). Twelve-month period prevalence varied significantly between regions (Q = 15.1, df = 3, p = 0.002) and ranged from 53.9% (95% CI: 48.3–59.4) in the British Isles to 68.3% (95% CI: 63.6–72.7) in Australia. Meta-regression found no association between year of measurement and antibiotic use prevalence. The pooled estimate of the percentage of appropriate antibiotic prescriptions was 28.5% (95% CI: 10.3–58.0; n = 17,245) as assessed by the McGeer criteria. Year of measurement was associated with decreasing appropriateness of antibiotic use over time (OR:0.78, 95% CI: 0.67–0.91). The most frequently used antibiotic classes were penicillins (n = 44 studies), cephalosporins (n = 36), sulphonamides/trimethoprim (n = 31), and quinolones (n = 28).ConclusionsCoordinated efforts focusing on LTCFs are required to address antibiotic misuse in LTCFs. Our analysis provides overall baseline and regional estimates for future monitoring of antibiotic use in LTCFs.
Tahap Dan Perkembangan Kreativitas Anak
Authors: Hafizallah Yandi - 
Published: August 2021

Abstrak
Peran kreativitas semakin sentral dikarenakan semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan, manuisa dituntut untuk menciptakan atau menghasilkan sebuah karya baru atau pemikiran baru yang berguna untuk sebuah peradaban, dan salah satu cara yang paling efektif untuk mengembangkan peradaban adalah dengan kreativitas. Kreativitas dalam artian luas merupakan suatu produk baru yang belum pernah diraba,atau dilihat sebelumnya. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah pendekatan psikologi, yang menggunakan teori perkembangan Jean Piaget sebagai acuan dasar perkembangan kreativitas. Hasil dari makalah ini adalah untuk menemukan cara bagaimana mengembangkan kreativitas dengan efekti, berdasarkan pemikiran yang sintesis, analitis, praktis, tanpa menyisihkan pengaruh-pengaruh lain seperti, tahap-tahap kreativitas, faktor yang mempengaruhi kretivitas yang didalamnya dibahas salah satunya adalah faktor orangtua, kreativitas sebagai pembelajaran, dan pada akhirnya bisa menyimpulkan bagaimana cara secara sistematis untuk mengembangkan kreativitas sehingga diharapkan mampu menjadi manusia kreatif yang berguna bagi diri sendiri maupun bagi peradaban.
Keywords: Kreativitas, Psikologi, Sintesis, Analitis, Praktis