bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN JENIS DINDING PENAHAN TANAH PADA TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Thomson David , Prihatiningsih Aniek 
Published: October 2021

Kalimantan is one of the 3 islands in Indonesia which has the largest peatlands. Moreover, in 2019 the President of the Republic of Indonesia Ir. H. Joko Widodo inaugurated the move of Indonesia's capital city from DKI Jakarta to East Kalimantan. The development of supporting infrastructure for the Capital City will inevitably occur, so that construction on peatlands cannot be avoided. The characteristics of peatlands as well as the impacts and risks that will occur when working on peatlands need to be considered. In this thesis, we will discuss the types of retaining walls that are most effective when applied to peatlands. Types of retaining walls that will be compared include gravity retaining walls, sheet sheet-type retaining walls, and soldier piles. The analysis will be carried out on the lateral stresses that occur and the collapse in each type of retaining wall. Coulumb soil pressure theory and Rankine soil lateral pressure theory are also used to support this analysis. Theoretically, solid or gap-free retaining walls are likely to be effective when applied to peat soils. This is due to the nature of peat soil which has high water and organic content. The depth of excavation on peat soil is calculated as deep as 9 meters. The deflection that occurs in the diaphragm wall is 0.354 m, the secant pile is 0.751 m, the concrete sheet pile is 1.09 m and the steel sheet pile is 2.73 m. Kalimantan adalah salah satu dari 3 pulau di Indonesia yang memiliki lahan gambut terluas. Terlebih lagi pada tahun 2019 Presiden Republik Indonesia Ir. H. Joko Widodo meresmikan perpindahan Ibukota Indonesia dari DKI Jakarta ke Kalimantan Timur. Pembangunan infrastruktur – infrastruktur pendukung Ibukota pasti akan terjadi, sehingga kontruksi pada lahan gambut tidak akan dapat terhindarkan. Sifat-sifat dari lahan gambut maupun dampak dan resiko yang akan terjadi pada saat melakukan pekerjaan di lahan gambut perlu dipertimbangkan. Pada skripsi ini akan membahas tentang jenis dinding penahan tanah yang paling efektif ketika diaplikasikan ke lahan gambut. Jenis dinding penahan tanah yang akan dibandingkan antara lain dinding penahan gravitasi, dinding penahan tanah tipe turap, dan soldier pile. Analisa akan dilakukan pada tekanan lateral yang terjadi dan keruntuhan pada tiap jenis dinding penahan tanah. Teori tekanan tanah Coulumb dan teori tekanan lateral tanah Rankine dipakai juga untuk mendukung analisis ini. Secara teoritis, dinding penahan tanah yang solid atau yang tidak mempunyai celah yang berkemungkinan akan efektif ketika diaplikasikan pada tanah gambut. Hal ini dikarenakan sifat tanah gambut yang mempunyai kadar air dan organik yang tinggi. Kedalaman galian pada tanah gambut yang diperhitungkan sedalam 9 meter. Defleksi yang terjadi pada diaphragm wall adalah sebesar 0,354 m, pada secant pile sebesar 0,751 m, pada turap beton sebesar 1,09 m dan pada turap baja sebesar 2,73 m.
EVALUASI FAKTOR HAMBATAN SAMPING PADA PENENTUAN KAPASITAS JALAN STUDI KASUS: JALAN GATOT SUBROTO
Authors: Faisal Muhamad , Najid Najid 
Published: October 2021

Overcrowding often occurs in DKI Jakarta, especially on Jalan Gatot Subroto. This location is one of the biggest business centers in Jakarta. Roadside activities that impede traffic flow are called side friction. Side friction is an impact on traffic performance resulting from road segment activities. Highway capacity is also influential. That happens because the available highway capacity is no longer able to accommodate the increasing traffic flow. Therefore, research was conducted. To calculate the highway capacity, observations were made to see the number of vehicles. It takes the perception of side frictions using questionnaire data. Questionnaire data collected 100 respondents. So, the results show that section is in the VL (Very Low) side obstacle class, which occurs in the morning while the L (Low) side obstacle class occurs in the afternoon and evening. The results estimation of the side drag factor data shows that the volume is greater than the highway capacity. The correlation between observation data and questionnaire results vehicles parked or stopped on the side of the road and vehicles from roadside access have a sequential weight order, while pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles have non-sequential weights. Further research to expand the questionnaire and get more precise results. ABSTRAKKepadatan sering terjadi di DKI Jakarta khususnya di Jalan Gatot Subroto. Lokasi ini salah satu pusat bisnis terbesar di Jakarta. Aktivitas sisi jalan dapat menghambat arus lalu lintas disebut hambatan samping. Hambatan samping merupakan dampak terhadap kinerja lalu lintas yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas segmen jalan. Selain itu, kapasitas jalan juga berpengaruh. Hal ini terjadi karena kapasitas jalan yang tersedia sudah tidak mampu untuk menampung arus lalu lintas yang semakin tertambah kepadatannya. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian. Untuk menghitung kapasitas jalan, dilakukan observasi untuk melihat jumlah kendaraan. Selain itu, dibutuhkan persepsi hambatan samping menggunakan data kuesioner. Data kuesioner terkumpul sebanyak 100 responden. Maka, hasil menunjukan ruas Jalan Gatot Subroto berada di kelas hambatan samping VL (Very Low) terjadi di waktu pagi hari sedangkan kelas hambatan samping L (Low) terjadi di waktu siang dan sore hari. Hasil dari estimasi faktor hambatan samping data menunjukan volume lebih besar daripada kapasitas jalan. Korelasi anatra data observasi dengan hasil kuesioner menunjukan bahwa kendaraan parkir atau berhenti di sisi jalan dan kendaraan dari akses sisi jalan memiliki urutan bobot yang berurutan sedangkan untuk pejalan kaki dan kendaraan tidak bermotor memiliki bobot yang tidak berurutan. Penelitian selanjutnya, diharapkan dapat memperluas kuesioner dan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih tepat.
Import of multidrug-resistant bacteria from abroad through interhospital transfers, Finland, 2010–2019
Authors: Kajova Mikael , Khawaja Tamim , Kangas Jonas , Mäkinen Hilda , Kantele Anu 
Published: October 2021

Background
While 20–80% of regular visitors to (sub)tropical regions become colonised by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), those hospitalised abroad often also carry other multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria on return; the rates are presumed to be highest for interhospital transfers.

Aim
This observational study assessed MDR bacterial colonisation among patients transferred directly from hospitals abroad to Helsinki University Hospital. We investigated predisposing factors, clinical infections and associated fatalities.

Methods
Data were derived from screening and from diagnostic samples collected between 2010 and 2019. Risk factors of colonisation were identified by multivariable analysis. Microbiologically verified symptomatic infections and infection-related mortality were recorded during post-transfer hospitalisation.

Results
Colonisation rates proved highest for transfers from Asia (69/96; 71.9%) and lowest for those within Europe (99/524; 18.9%). Of all 698 patients, 208 (29.8%) were colonised; among those, 163 (78.4%) carried ESBL-PE, 28 (13.5%) MDR Acinetobacter species, 25 (12.0%) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 25 (12.0%) vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, 14 (6.7%) carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and 12 (5.8%) MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 46 strains tested carbapenemase gene-positive. In multivariable analysis, geographical region, intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and antibiotic use abroad proved to be risk factors for colonisation. Clinical MDR infections, two of them fatal (1.0%), were recorded for 22 of 208 (10.6%) MDR carriers.

Conclusions
Colonisation by MDR bacteria was common among patients transferred from foreign hospitals. Region of hospitalisation, ICU treatment and antibiotic use were identified as predisposing factors. Within 30 days after transfer, MDR colonisation manifested as clinical infection in more than 10% of the carriers.
The Social Circumstances that Criminalized Abortion in the 19th Century
Authors: Spitz Sara 
Published: October 2021

To say abortion is a controversial subject is an understatement. While there was no federal law against abortion in the 19thcentury, the majority of the states in the U.S. introduced anti-abortion laws after the Comstock Laws outlawed the drugs and practices that made abortion possible in 1873.[1] Legal or not, women have been subject to unrelenting criticism regarding the termination of unwanted pregnancies for centuries. To form realistic conclusions about abortion in the 19thcentury, it is essential to take into consideration far more than the dispute of morality. Regulation of abortive practices was, as this paper will indicate, less about medical safety and gestational awareness than sexual inequality and racial disparities; the aim of this research is to determine the social circumstances that influenced the conceptualization of abortion and inspired legal action against it.

[1] https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/42nd-congress/session-3/c42s3ch258.pdf
Pasqua First Nation Economic Entitlements Final Report
Authors: Frick Amber 
Published: October 2021

Key Findings

The government viewed Treaty 4 as a way to seize and secure Indigenous lands for their nation building project. This view differed substantially from the perspective held by Indigenous peoples, as they saw treaties as sacred nation to nation agreements that solidified a mutual relationship shared between them and the Crown.
Oral promises made in the negotiation of Treaty 4 were not accounted for in the final written document, which caused immense dissatisfaction among bands. In addition, it contributed to feelings of distrust.
Harmful prejudices held by the government, and thus their employees, often negatively affected their judgement in regard to the concerns, anxieties and challenges brought forward by the Treaty 4 signatories.
The inadequate quantity and quality of goods given to Pasquas band had negative impacts on their agricultural success.
Blame was constantly cast onto bands for their perceived failures, although climate conditions, the delayed dispersal of seed, and insufficient assistance often contributed to their lack of success.
The pictographs created by Pasqua are the only written form of records kept throughout this time period that display an Indigenous perspective, rather than a colonial mindset. These pictographs can be used as a method to ascertain whether Pasquas band received the necessary quantities of implements, provisions and livestock that were stipulated under treaty.
Pasquas band received only a small portion of the implements promised to his band, which can be seen in his records.
The government took every opportunity to cut down on the expenditures associated with bands. However, this often went against what had been promised in treaty, such as; limiting the allowed number of headmen, strict stipulations put into place for the distribution of goods and strategically delayed annuity payments.
The ‘Home Farm Policy/Experiment’ failed substantially due to the overall ignorance of the government.
Throughout the ‘Home Farm Policy’ era, the needs of bands were put on the ‘back burner’ while the government choose to supply farm instructors with the implements, provisions and livestock that were promised to bands through treaty.
The records kept for the years spanning 1879-84 are very limited, as they report the location rather than bands that goods and services were distributed to. They do not indicate the quantities of implements, provisions or livestock provided to each of the bands under Treaty 4.
Sickness was a growing challenge for bands on reserves, often being left without medical assistance. Mortality related due to consumption goes against the promise made in Treaty 4 that liquor would not be allowed on reserves.
The private ownership of oxen, securing the necessary agricultural implements and receiving the needed assistance lead to agricultural success on Pasquas reserve.
Growing fears of an uprising significantly influenced the livelihoods of bands, as it led to strict government stipulations and rules that limited their movement as well as their ability to participate in local economies.
Pengaruh Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (Seft) Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Merokok Pada Siswa Laki-Laki
Authors: Wilujeng Sri , Zakaria Masduqi 
Published: October 2021

Merokok merupakan kebiasaan yang sulit diubah tergantung perilaku setiap individu. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi intensitas merokok yaitu Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) yang merupakan gabungan spiritual power dan energy psychology dimungkinkan dapat mengurangi kebiasaan merokok dan memperbaiki kondisi pikiran, emosi dan prilaku seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) terhadap penurunan intensitas merokok pada siswa laki-laki kelas XI di MA Nahdlatul Ulama’ Sidoarjo tahun 2020.
Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimental, one group pre-post test design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa laki-laki kelas XI MA Nahdlatul Ulama’ Sidoarjo dengan jumlah 42 responden diambil dengan teknik Simple Random Sampling. Data dianalisa dengan Uji Wilcoxon yaitu terapi SEFT (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique) terhadap penurunan tingkat intensitas merokok.
Berdasarkan Uji Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai Z = -5.905 dan nilai p Value = 0,000 sehingga (p< α) sehingga H1 diterima H0 ditolak berarti ada pengaruh terapi SEFT (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique) terhadap penurunan intensitas merokok pada siswa laki-laki kelas XI di MA Nahdlatul Ulama’ Sidoarjo.
Analisa Kekuatan Internal Dan Perubahan Eksternal Dalam Menentukan Strategi Daya Saing Perusahaan
Authors: Faizaty Nur Elisa 
Published: October 2021

Background - Strategy formulation is often a complicated process that requires adopting a systematic approach to diagnosing external factors and to match these external factors with internal capabilities, therefore strategy formulation is an important measure of a company's success in winning the competition at the national level or maybe even at the international level. Purpose – This study aims to provide an academic paper on freight Forwarder company management which is the object of research in determining future company strategies by identifying SWOT and TOWS in order to uncover strategies to exploit strengths and opportunities as well as to improve weaknesses and overcome these threats. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This study uses a qualitative approach in answering the formulation of research problems. The data collection method consists of a comprehensive review of the literature and a part of interviews with management executives at freight forwarders. Data analysis uses the IFE approach and the EFE Matrix, to map the scores and weightings of internal strengths and external changes. Result and Discussion – Combining the IFE and EFE analysis, we get a company positioning plot at the medium or hold and maintain level, which means that the company's current focus is on market penetration and product / service development. Conclusion – The TOWS matrix produces a series of proposed strategies, namely SO, WO, ST, and WT that echo internal and external conditions, so it is hoped that the four proposed strategies will be able to increase the competitiveness of companies in the national arena. Research Limitation - This research is limited to companies within the scope of freight forwarders in the city of Surabaya. Research in different years with the same variables is suggested to be carried out in the future, considering that internal changes and external changes will follow changes in time. Research Implications - This research can be used as a reference for other companies in the freight forwarder sector to determine the direction of the company's future strategy, however, these results are only valid for companies that are the object of research, all variables must be changed and adjusted to the conditions of each company. the proposed strategy becomes valid. Acknowledgment - This research was carried out in collaboration with companies in the field of freigt forwarders in the city of Surabaya, along with their leaders who took the time and willingness to complete this research study.
Efektivitas Penerapan Absensi Fingerprint Terhadap Kedisiplinan Kerja Pegawai Dilingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Kota Madiun
Authors: Rokhayah Siti , Rohmatiah Ahadiati , Mutmainah Mutmainah 
Published: October 2021

Background – Supervision of employees needs to be done optimally in order to achieve company goals. Supervision of employee attendance due to frequent absenteeism requires company action to be able to discipline employees. For example, the use of a fingerprint attendance machine in the Madiun City Regional Secretariat. Purpose – To know about the effect of effectiveness of fingerprint attendance application on employee discipline as measured using practical dimensions, accurate dimensions, and security dimensions. Design/ Methodology/ Approach – This research is quantitative research. The samples in this research are all of Madiun City Regional Secretariat employee. Their fingerprints have been recorded by the company. They numbered 159 people. Sampling technique use saturated sample. Data analysis in this research use multiple linier regression analysis. Result and discussion – This research result show that practical dimension, accurate dimension, and security dimension effect to discipline of work employee, partially and simultaneously in the Madiun City Regional Secretariat. Accurate dimension is dominant variable. Research Implication - The results of this study can be used as a reference in conducting performance appraisals and employee supervision. Limitations - This research was conducted at the Madiun City Regional Secretariat and is devoted to employees whose fingerprints have been registered on the fingerprint attendance machine.
التباين في سرع الرياح الجنوبية الغربية والغربية بين فصلي الربيع والخريف في العراق.
Authors: حنين كمال جابر الباحثة 
Published: October 2021

تعد الرياح الجنوبية الغربية والرياح الغربية من انواع الرياح المهمة في الدائرة الاتجاهية كونها ذات تأثيراً واضحاً على العراق, وعلى الخصائص المُناخية فيه لاسيما خلال فصلي الربيع والخريف.
إذ تم الاعتماد في بيان اختلاف سرعة هذه الرياح خلال الفصلين على المعدلات الشهرية الخاصة بكل من النوعين, ولكل المحطات المُناخية المشمولة بالدراسة خلال مدة بلغت (30) سنة.
وأظهرت الدراسة أنّ هناك تفاوت واضح بين فصلي الاعتدال عند المقارنة بينهما في سرعة الرياح الجنوبية الغربية والرياح الغربية نتيجة تأثرها بعدة عوامل, فقد اوضحت أنّ فصل الربيع أعلى من فصل الخريف في سرعة هذان النوعين على الرغم من تقارب بعض المحطات المُناخية في المعدلات العامة.
مدى مشروعية التهديد بالأسلحة النووية أو إستخدامها وفقاً للرأي الإفتائي الصادر عن محكمة العدل الدولية
Authors: أحمد حميد عجم البدري م. د. 
Published: October 2021

الملخص
اعتمدت الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة في دورتها التاسعة والأربعين قراراً تطلب فيه من محكمة العدل الدولية إصدار فتوها بشأن التساؤل الذي نصه (هل التهديد بالأسلحة النووية أو إستخدامها في أي ظرف من الظروف يكون مسموحاً به بموجب القانون الدولي؟), وأثارت إجابة المحكمة على هذه الفتوى عدة إشكاليات, أهمها قرار المحكمة بأنها لا تستطيع الوصول إلى إستنتاج حاسم فيما يتعلق بمشروعية أو عدم مشروعية إستخدام دولة ما للأسلحة النووية في ظرف أقصى من ظروف الدفاع عن النفس, حيث يكون بقاؤها معرضاً للخطر, كما ستحاول هذه الدراسة البحث في ولاية المحكمة في الإجابة على الطلب الإفتائي المقدم إليها من الجمعية العامة, وتحليل نصوص القانون الواجب التطبيق على المسألة المستفتى بها, فضلاً عن التطرق لآراء الفقه والآراء الملحقة بالفتوى لقضاة المحكمة.
النمذجة المكانية للمخاطر الجيومورفولوجية وانعكاساتها على طرق النقل (جبل ميركه سور في محافظة اربيل انموذجاً)
Authors: نادية حاتم طعمة العتابي م.د. نادية حاتم طعمة العتابي 
Published: October 2021

تهدف الدراسة الى دراسة المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية كالتساقط الصخري والانهيارات الارضي والجريان السيلي واثرها على طرق النقل في جبل ميركه سور في محافظة اربيل.
شملت الدراسة عدة محاور جاء في مقدمتها استعراض لابرز الخصائص الطبيعية ذات العلاقة بحدوث المخاطر في المنطقة, في حين تلاه المحور الثاني ليوضح آلية بناء نموذج للمخاطر الجيومورفولوجية في المنطقة, إذ تم اجراء مطابقة للخرائط وتحليلها وفق خاصية (Maps Overly) في برنامج (Arc Maps) التي تعمل على ربط طبقتين او اكثر وتم استخراج خريطة حددت خمسة مستويات من المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية المحتملة حسب درجات الخطورة, واخيراً فقد تناولت الدراسة اثر المخاطر الجيومورفولوجية على طرق النقل في منطقة الدراسة وقد تم تحديد ثلاث مستويات وهي عديمة الخطورة ومتوسطة الخطورة وعالية الخطورة.
تحديث تجربة مقترحة لعمل مجالس الآباء والمعلمين في جمهورية العراق "التعليم عن بعد انموذجاً"
Authors: صباح مهدي رميض العامري أ. د. 
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدراسة التعرف على أهمية دور مجالس الآباء والمعلمين في ضوء التعليم عن بعد ، وتحقيقاً لهذا الهدف وفرضياته إعٌدت أداة مكونة من (35) فقرة موزعة على خمسة مجالات هي( الحوكمة وجودة التواصل التربوي والأسري ، والتعليم عن بعد محور مرتكزي ، وخدمة المجتمع المحلي، والإعلام التربوي ، والتحديث والتطوير ) وتم التحقق من صدق الأداة وثباتها عن طريق عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين المختصين بالشأن التربوي ، وطبقت الأداة على عينة مكونة من (104) مديراً ومديرة ضمن الرقعة الجغرافية للحدود الإدارية لتربية بغداد الرصافة الأولى, جمهورية العراق ، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخراج المتوسطات الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية ، وأظهرت النتائج إن إدارات المدارس الإعدادية غير مدركين لأهمية توظيف الوسائط الألكترونية وتناغمها مع مهام مجلس أولياء الأمور لا سيما في ظل وجود جائحة كورونا (covid19) والتوجه نحو التعليم عن بعد، فضلا عن انشغالهم بالأعمال الإدارية الروتينية على الرغم من التطورات الحاصلة والتحديات في قطاعي التربية والتعليم ،كذلك أظهرت النتائج وجود فرق ذي دلالة إحصائية بين المتوسط الفرضي للأداة وبين المتوسط الحسابي وان الفرق لصالح المتوسط الفرضي، وبذلك أوصت الدراسة وزارة التربية العراقية شعبة مجالس الآباء والمعلمين بتوفير قدر الإمكان وسائل الاتصال الحديثة (الفاكس والبريد الالكتروني ووسائل الاتصال الاجتماعي) بالمدارس الإعدادية لتشجيع أولياء الأمور (مجلس الآباء والمعلمين) على الاتصال المباشر بإدارة المدرسة لمتابعة سلوك أبنائهم عن طريق الوسائل الحديثة في ضوء التعليم عن بعد ، كذلك ضرورة متابعة نتائج اجتماعات إدارات المدارس مع مجالس الآباء والمعلمين والعمل على تذليل الصعوبات ووضع الحلول للمشكلات المشخصة في اجتماعات الطرفين .
Family planning in the U.S. military: The gendered experiences of servicewomen
Authors: Erwin Stephanie K. 
Published: October 2021

LAY SUMMARY Balancing family and work is always challenging for working women; however, military service presents especially nuanced and unique challenges to women serving in the U.S. military. Family planning, and in particular marriage and children, have distinct impacts on servicewomen’s professional careers. Their chosen professions often intersect and detract from their family planning choices. Within a larger study of gendered experiences, women from all four branches of the U.S. military, representing a variety of familial statuses and occupations, noted the complex and challenging intersections of family and work they encountered over the course of their military careers. As in other professions, military women bear disproportionate familial burdens compared with their male counterparts, and challenges pertaining to marriage and children regularly affect their professional careers. However, the military presents heightened professional demands on family planning, including marital status, marital partners’ professions, pregnancy, maternity, and parenthood. These additional challenges women in the military face regarding family planning often run counter to organizational efforts to encourage women’s participation, promotion, and retention in the military.