bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The initial run-in and long-term drift of the adhesive force between polycrystalline silicon MEMS sidewalls
Authors: Kokorian Jaap , van Spengen W. Merlijn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper we measure the evolution of adhesion between two polycrystalline silicon sidewalls of a microelectromechanical adhesion sensor during three million contact cycles. We execute a series of AFM-like contact force measurements with comparable force resolution, but using real MEMS multi-asperity sidewall contacts mimicking conditions in real devices. Adhesion forces are measured with a very high sub-nanonewton resolution using a recently developed optical displacement measurement method. Measurements are performed under well-defined, but different, low relative humidity conditions. We found three regimes in the evolution of the adhesion force. (I) Initial run-in with a large of cycle-to-cycle variability, (II) Stability with low variability, and (III) device-dependent long term drift. The results obtained demonstrate that although a short run-in measurement shows stabilization, this is no guarantee for long-term stable behavior. Devices performing similarly in region II, can drift very differently afterwards. The adhesion force drift during millions of cycles is comparable in magnitude to the adhesion force drift during initial run-in. The boundaries of the drifting adhesion forces are reasonably well described by an empirical model based on random walk statistics. This is useful knowledge when designing polycrystalline silicon MEMS with contacting surfaces.
A review of nonlinear FFT-based computational homogenization methods
Authors: Schneider Matti 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince their inception, computational homogenization methods based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) have grown in popularity, establishing themselves as a powerful tool applicable to complex, digitized microstructures. At the same time, the understanding of the underlying principles has grown, in terms of both discretization schemes and solution methods, leading to improvements of the original approach and extending the applications. This article provides a condensed overview of results scattered throughout the literature and guides the reader to the current state of the art in nonlinear computational homogenization methods using the fast Fourier transform.
Clinical characterization of 266 patients and family members with cleft lip and/or palate with associated malformations and syndromes
Authors: Bartzela Theodosia , Theuerkauf Björn , Reichardt Elisabeth , Spielmann Malte , Opitz Charlotte 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To clinically characterize patients and family members with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and associated congenital malformations or syndromes and propose possible inheritance patterns.

Materials and methods
An observational study of patients with CL/P, including medical and family history and intra- and extra-oral examination of their family members, was performed.

Results
Two hundred sixty-six patients, 1257 family members, and 42 pedigrees were included in the study. The distribution of patients according to the cleft type was 57.9% with CLP, 25.2% with cleft palate (CPO), and 12.8% with cleft lip with/without alveolus (CL/A). Seventy-four (27.8%) patients had associated malformations, and 24 (9.2%) a syndrome. The skeletal (27.7%), cardiovascular (19.3%) systems, and eyes (22.9%) were most commonly affected. Pierre Robin Sequence (7 patients) and van der Woude (4) were the most common syndromes. The majority of patients with CPO (19/24) had an associate syndrome. The families had an average of 2.45 affected members.

Conclusion
Individual and interfamilial phenotypic variability in patients with CL/P makes the understanding of etiopathogenesis challenging.

Clinical relevance
The overall prevalence of individuals with CL/P and their pedigrees with associated malformations and syndromes emphasize the need for early identification, interdisciplinary, and long-term planning.
Social relationship dynamics mediate climate impacts on income inequality: evidence from the Mexican Humboldt squid fishery
Authors: Elsler Laura G. , Frawley Timothy Haight , Britten Gregory L. , Crowder Larry B. , DuBois Timothy C. , Radosavljevic Sonja , Gilly William F. , Crépin Anne-Sophie , Schlüter Maja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSmall-scale fisheries are critically important for livelihoods around the world, particularly in tropical regions. However, climate variability and anthropogenic climate change may seriously impact small-scale fisheries by altering the abundance and distribution of target species. Social relationships between fishery users, such as fish traders, can determine how each individual responds and is affected by changes in fisheries. These informal cooperative and competitive relationships provide access, support, and incentives for fishing and affect the distribution of benefits. Yet, individuals’ actions and impacts on individuals are often the primary focus of the economic analyses informing small-scale fisheries’ formal management. This focus dismisses relevant social relationships. We argue that this leads to a disconnect between reality and its model representation used in formal management, which may reduce formal fisheries management’s efficiency and efficacy and potentially trigger adverse consequences. Here, we examine this argument by comparing the predictions of a simple bioeconomic fishery model with those of a social-ecological model that incorporates the dynamics of cooperative relationships between fish traders. We illustrate model outcomes using an empirical case study in the Mexican Humboldt squid fishery. We find that (1) the social-ecological model with relationship dynamics substantially improves accuracy in predicting observed fishery variables to the simple bioeconomic model. (2) Income inequality outcomes are associated with changes in cooperative trade relationships. When environmental temperature is included in the model as a driver of species production dynamics, we find that climate-driven temperature variability drives a decline in catch that, in turn, reduce fishers’ income. We observe an offset of this loss in income by including cooperative relationships between fish traders (oligopoly) in the model. These relationships break down following species distribution changes and result in an increase in prices fishers receive. Finally, (3) our social-ecological model simulations show that the current fishery development program, which seeks to increase fishers’ income through an increase in domestic market demand, is supported by predictions from the simple bioeconomic model, may increase income inequality between fishers and traders. Our findings highlight the real and urgent need to re-think fisheries management models in the context of small-scale fisheries and climate change worldwide to encompass social relationship dynamics.
Are the existing guidelines sufficient for the assessment of bathing water quality? The example of Polish lakes
Authors: Pronin Eugeniusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe safety of beachgoers and swimmers is determined by the presence or absence of microbial contaminants and cyanobacterial toxins in the water. This study compared the assessment of bathing waters according to the Bathing Water Directive, which is based on the concentration of fecal contaminants, with some modifications, and a new method based on the concentration of chlorophyll-a, which corresponds to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines used for determining cyanobacterial density in the water posing threat to people health. The results obtained from the method based on chlorophyll-a concentration clearly showed that the number of bathing waters in Poland with sufficient and insufficient quality were higher in 2018 and 2019, compared to the method based on microbial contamination. The closing of bathing waters based only on the visual confirmation of cyanobacterial blooms might not be enough to prevent the threat to swimmers’ health. The multivariate analyses applied in this study seem to confirm that chlorophyll-a concentration with associated cyanobacterial density might serve as an additional parameter for assessing the quality of bathing waters, and in the case of small water reservoirs, might indirectly inform about the conditions and changes in water ecosystems.
A Gamma Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model driven by a Hawkes process
Authors: Bernis Guillaume , Brignone Riccardo , Scotti Simone , Sgarra Carlo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose an extension of the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-OU Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model taking into account jump clustering phenomena. We assume that the intensity process of the Hawkes driver coincides, up to a constant, with the variance process. By applying the theory of continuous-state branching processes with immigration, we prove existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of the SDE governing the asset price dynamics. We propose a measure change of self-exciting Esscher type in order to describe the relation between the risk-neutral and the historical dynamics, showing that the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-OU Hawkes framework is stable under this probability change. By exploiting the affine features of the model we provide an explicit form for the Laplace transform of the asset log-return, for its quadratic variation and for the ergodic distribution of the variance process. We show that the proposed model exhibits a larger flexibility in comparison with the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-OU model, in spite of the same number of parameters required. We calibrate the model on market vanilla option prices via characteristic function inversion techniques, we study the price sensitivities and propose an exact simulation scheme. The main financial achievement is that implied volatility of options written on VIX is upward shaped due to the self-exciting property of Hawkes processes, in contrast with the usual downward slope exhibited by the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-OU Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model.
Spotting ignition of larch (Larix gmelinii) fuel bed by different firebrands
Authors: Yang Guang , Ning Jibin , Shu Lifu , Zhang Jili , Yu Hongzhou , Di Xueying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpot fire increase the difficulty of fire-fighting and threaten public safety, and therefore it is important to study ignition probabilities of fuel bed by different firebrands, in order to understand ignition mechanisms and analyze the formation of spot fires. This will provide an important basis for further study to improve the fire-fighting efficiency and reduce casualties. In this study, the ignition probabilities of larch (Larix gmelinii) fuel beds with different moisture levels and packing ratios by diffreent firebrands, including cones and twigs of different sizes, was investigated. Ignition experiments were conducted at different wind speeds generated by fans. The results show that, regardless of moisture content and packing ratio, ignition probability is zero when there is no wind. Both moisture content and wind speed significantly influence ignition probability, while packing ratio has almost no effect. The maximum moisture content at which firebrand ignition occurred was 50%, and ignition probability increased with wind speed and decreased with moisture content. Cones have the highest ignition probability, followed by large twigs and by small twigs. Ignition probability is also affected by firebrand shapes and sizes that determine their potential heat and contact area to the fuel bed. Two empirical models were established to link ignition probability with fuel properties and wind speed. This study will help clarify the mechanism of spot ignition and reduce corresponding losses.
PET Stress Testing with Coronary Flow Capacity in the Evaluation of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Rethinking the Current Paradigm
Authors: Bober Robert M. , Milani Richard V. , Krim Selim R. , Morin Daniel P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiomyopathy with underlying left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a heterogenous group of disorders that may be present with, and/or secondary to, coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this review is to demonstrate, via case illustrations, the benefits offered by cardiac positron-emission tomography (PET) stress testing with coronary flow capacity (CFC) in the evaluation and treatment of patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and CAD.

Recent Findings
CFC, a metric that is increasing in prominence, represents the integration of several absolute perfusion metrics into clinical strata of CAD severity. Our prior work has demonstrated improvement in regional perfusion metrics as a result of revascularization to territories with severe reduction in CFC. Conversely, when CFC is adequate, there is no change in regional perfusion metrics following revascularization, despite angiographically severe stenosis. Furthermore, Gould et al. demonstrated decreased rates of myocardial infarction and death following revascularization of myocardium with severely reduced CFC, with no clinical benefit observed following revascularization of patients with preserved CFC. In a series of cases, we present pre-revascularization and post-revascularization PET scans with perfusion metrics in patients with LV dysfunction and CAD. In these examples, we demonstrate improvement in LV function and perfusion metrics following revascularization only in cases where baseline CFC is severely reduced.

Summary
PET with CFC offers unique guidance regarding revascularization in patients with reduced LV function and CAD.
Continuous High-pressure Cooling-Assisted Homogenization Process for Stabilization of Apple Juice
Authors: Szczepańska Justyna , Skąpska Sylwia , Marszałek Krystian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100–200 MPa (with up to 5 passes) on the quality and storage stability of apple juice was investigated. The microbiological quality, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity, particle size distribution (PSD), apparent viscosity, turbidity, concentration of vitamin C, individual polyphenols and their total content (TPC), antioxidant activity, and colour of fresh, HPH-treated apple juice were all evaluated. The highest reduction in microorganisms (1.4 log) and oxidoreductase activity (~20%) was observed at 200 MPa, while hydrolases did not change significantly. HPH led to significant disintegration of the tissue and a decrease in viscosity. Vitamin C decreased by 62%, while TPC increased by 20% after HPH. Significant correlations were observed between antioxidant activity, TPC, and individual polyphenols. Chlorogenic, ferulic, and gallic acid were most stable at 200 MPa. The optimal shelf-life of the juice was estimated as 7 days.
Are narcissists resilient? Examining grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the context of a three-dimensional model of resilience
Authors: Sękowski Michał , Subramanian Łukasz , Żemojtel-Piotrowska Magdalena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we focused on the poorly understood and rarely researched relationship between resilience and narcissism, adopting the adjective-based measures of narcissism. We examine how levels of resilience are related to grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, based on a three-dimensional model of resilience (i.e., ecological resilience, engineering resilience, and adaptive capacity). Using self-report, cross-sectional data from a general Polish sample (N = 657), we found that grandiose narcissism was positively related to all three dimensions of resilience, while vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to them. Grandiose narcissism was most strongly associated with adaptive capacity where vulnerable narcissism was mostly strongly associated with engineering resilience. We discuss our findings in relation to the function of two forms of narcissism may yield different capacities for stress management and recovery after experiencing stressful events. Therefore, this research is focused on self-report and we look forward to expand our research by behavioral indices in the future.
Understanding the evaluation of mHealth app features based on a cross-country Kano analysis
Authors: Gimpel Henner , Manner-Romberg Tobias , Schmied Fabian , Winkler Till J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile mobile health (mHealth) apps play an increasingly important role in digitalized health care, little is known regarding the effects of specific mHealth app features on user satisfaction across different healthcare system contexts. Using personal health record (PHR) apps as an example, this study identifies how potential users in Germany and Denmark evaluate a set of 26 app features, and whether evaluation differences can be explained by the differences in four pertinent user characteristics, namely privacy concerns, mHealth literacy, mHealth self-efficacy, and adult playfulness. Based on survey data from both countries, we employed the Kano method to evaluate PHR features and applied a quartile-based sample-split approach to understand the underlying relationships between user characteristics and their perceptions of features. Our results not only reveal significant differences in 14 of the features between Germans and Danes, they also demonstrate which of the user characteristics best explain each of these differences. Our two key contributions are, first, to explain the evaluation of specific PHR app features on user satisfaction in two different healthcare contexts and, second, to demonstrate how to extend the Kano method in terms of explaining subgroup differences through user characteristic antecedents. The implications for app providers and policymakers are discussed.
Making our “meta-hypotheses” clear: heterogeneity and the role of direct replications in science
Authors: Strømland Eirik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that some of the discussion around meta-scientific issues can be viewed as an argument over different “meta-hypotheses” – assumptions made about how different hypotheses in a scientific literature relate to each other. I argue that, currently, such meta-hypotheses are typically left unstated except in methodological papers and that the consequence of this practice is that it is hard to determine what can be learned from a direct replication study. I argue in favor of a procedure dubbed the “limited homogeneity assumption” – assuming very little heterogeneity of effect sizes when a literature is initiated but switching to an assumption of heterogeneity once an initial finding has been successfully replicated in a direct replication study. Until that has happened, we do not allow the literature to proceed to a mature stage. This procedure will elevate the scientific status of direct replication studies in science. Following this procedure, a well-designed direct replication study is a means of falsifying an overall claim in an early phase of a literature and thus sets up a hurdle against the canonization of false facts in the behavioral sciences.
Finite-Time Adaptive Fuzzy Control for Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Backlash-Like Hysteresis
Authors: Diao Shuzhen , Sun Wei , Wang Le , Wu Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study considers the tracking control problem of the nonstrict-feedback nonlinear system with unknown backlash-like hysteresis, and a finite-time adaptive fuzzy control scheme is developed to address this problem. More precisely, the fuzzy systems are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinearities, and the design difficulties caused by the nonlower triangular structure are also overcome by using the property of fuzzy systems. Besides, the effect of unknown hysteresis input is compensated by approximating an intermediate variable. With the aid of finite-time stability theory, the proposed control algorithm could guarantee that the tracking error converges to a smaller region. Finally, a simulation example is provided to further verify the above theoretical results.
Dynamic centrality measures for cattle trade networks
Authors: Hoscheit Patrick , Anthony Éric , Vergu Elisabeta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study network centrality measures that take into account the specific structure of networks with time-stamped edges. In particular, we explore how such measures can be used to identify nodes most relevant for the spread of epidemics on directed, temporal contact networks. We present a percolation study on the French cattle trade network, proving that time-aware centrality measures such as the TempoRank significantly outperform measures defined on the static network. In order to make TempoRank amenable to large-scale networks, we show how it can be efficiently computed through direct simulation of time-respecting random walks.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation to study the microstructure evolution in boron-doped amorphous silicon films as a result of hydrogen dilution
Authors: Kanneboina Venkanna , Agarwal Pratima 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a sophisticated technique to find the optical constants, bandgap and microstructure of thin layer. SE is used to study the microstructure evolution in boron-doped amorphous silicon films for different hydrogen flow rates (HFR). Spectral dependance of the real and imaginary parts of pseudo-dielectric constant is obtained at a fix angle of incidence (70°). Tauc–Lorentz (T–L) optical model is used to estimate the thickness, bandgap, optical constant and thickness of the top rough layer of the films, whereas Bruggeman effective medium approximation (BEMA) is applied to find the volume fractions of amorphous, crystalline and void phases. A shift in peak position from 3.65 to 4.1 eV in dielectric constant is observed as the hydrogen flow rate is increased from 30 to 70 SCCM. This is accompanied by the emergence of a peak near 3.4 eV, which belongs to the direct bandgap of c-Si. These observations suggest an improvement in microstructure of the films deposited at higher HFR. It is also supported by the observation that films deposited at higher HFR have higher magnitude of amplitude parameter and less broadening. Fitting of experimental data using BEMA also suggests that crystalline fraction increases and amorphous fraction decreases at higher HFR. The bandgap and thickness of top rough layer estimated from SE data are matched well with those obtained using transmission data and atomic force microscopy.
China and the global search for health security: history, vaccines, and governance
Authors: Zha Daojiong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChina is a key player, not just an actor, in the global search for health security. Reiteration of this point is useful for International Relations studies, which often portray China as a factor to contend with, especially given the background of the country as the first to report the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper adopts an analytical framework developed through a summary of routines in Chinese engagement in global health from a practitioner’s perspective: aid, interdependence, governance and knowledge. These are the core elements in a country’s pursuit of engagement with the rest of the world. After the introduction, the second section of the paper reviews contributions from China in the history of global plague control over the past century. The third section discusses structural issues affecting access to vaccines, which are essential for bringing COVID-19 under effective control. The fourth section identifies a number of challenges China is facing in global health governance. The final section offers a few concluding thoughts, reiterating the nature of interdependence in the global search for enhancement of health security.