bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sex and Estrous Cycle on the Time Course of Incubation of Cue-Induced Craving following Extended-Access Cocaine Self-Administration
Authors: Corbett Claire M. , Dunn Emily , Loweth Jessica A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCocaine addiction is a devastating public health epidemic that continues to grow. Studies focused on identifying biological factors influencing cocaine craving and relapse vulnerability are necessary to promote abstinence in recovering drug users. Sex and ovarian hormones are known to influence cocaine addiction liability and relapse vulnerability in both humans and rodents. Previous studies have investigated sex differences in the time-dependent intensification or “incubation” of cue-induced cocaine craving that occurs during withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration and have identified changes across the rat reproductive cycle (estrous cycle). Female rats in the estrus stage of the cycle (Estrus Females), the phase during which ovulation occurs, show an increase in the magnitude of incubated cue-induced cocaine craving compared with females in all other phases of the estrous cycle (Non-Estrus Females). Here we extend these findings by assessing incubated craving across the estrous cycle during earlier withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 1 and 15) and later withdrawal periods (withdrawal day 48). We found that this increase in the magnitude of incubated craving during estrus (Estrus Females) is present on withdrawal day 15, but not on withdrawal day 1, and further increases by withdrawal day 48. No difference in the magnitude of incubated craving was observed between Males and Non-Estrus Females. Our data indicate that the effects of hormonal fluctuations on cue-induced cocaine craving intensify during the first month and a half of withdrawal, showing an interaction among abstinence length, estrous cycle fluctuations, and cocaine craving.
C-reactive protein and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels as risk factors for hypothyroidism in patients with subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Tang Chenjia , Dong Yanting , Lu Lusi , Zhang Nan 
Published: July 2021

Objective
This study was designed to explore the relationships between the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT).

Design
This is a single-center retrospective study.

Patients
Eighty-nine patients with SAT who were hospitalized in the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital in Zhejiang, China, from October 2014 to September 2020 were included.

Methods
The Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-square test, and Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify the relationships between clinical characteristics and outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Results
The hypothyroidism and recurrence rates were 15.7 and 16.9%, respectively. CRP (≥72.0 mg/L), TSH (<0.02 mIU/L), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) (≥4.10 pg/mL) were associated with hypothyroidism. The cutoff level was 97.80 mg/L for CRP (area under the curve (AUC), 0.717, P = 0.014; sensitivity, 57.1%; specificity, 84.0%) and 0.10 mIU/L for TSH (AUC, 0.752, P = 0.004; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 46.0%) by ROC curve analysis for hypothyroidism. The factors under study were not associated with recurrence.

Conclusion
CRP and TSH were risk factors for hypothyroidism in SAT. Thyroid functions should be monitored closely for the early detection of hypothyroidism, especially in patients with CRP levels of more than 97.80 mg/L and TSH levels of less than 0.10 mIU/L.
The association between expression of lncRNAs in patients with GDM
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Dongmei , Cheng Xingbo 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common worldwide and seriously threatens maternal and infant health. The expression of non-coding (ncRNA) is tissue-specific and highly stable in eukaryotic cells and the circulatory system, which can act as an early molecular marker of GDM.

Methods
The differential expression of lncRNA and mRNA in the peripheral blood of patients with GDM (experimental group) and healthy pregnant women (control group) was analysed via lncRNA gene chip. Employing biological function clustering and KEGG signalling pathway analysis, we selected the mRNAs and lncRNAs closely related to the insulin signalling pathway of GDM to analyse the possible regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of GDM. The sequencing results were further verified via quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).

Results
LncRNA microarray analysis revealed 7498 genes (3592 upregulated, 3906 downregulated) differentially expressed in the GDM group and healthy pregnant women control group, including 1098 differentially expressed lncRNAs (609 upregulated, 489 downregulated). According to the regulatory pathway of the lncRNA mRNA network, 6 lncRNAs and 4 mRNAs were found to play a significant role in insulin resistance.

Conclusions
The lncRNAs ERMP1, TSPAN32 and MRPL38 form a co-expression network with TPH1, which is mainly involved in the tryptophan metabolism pathway and in the development of GDM. Moreover, lncRNA RPL13P5 forms a co-expression network with the TSC2 gene via the PI3K-AKT and insulin signalling pathways, which are involved in the process of insulin resistance in GDM.
Genetic factors of idiopathic central precocious puberty and their polygenic risk in early puberty
Authors: Lin Wei-De , Cheng Chi-Fung , Wang Chung-Hsing , Liang Wen-Miin , Chen Chien-Hsiun , Hsieh Ai-Ru , Chiu Mu-Lin , Lin Ting-Hsu , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Tsai Chang-Hai , Chang Cherry Yin-Yi , Lin Ying-Ju , Tsai Fuu-Jen 
Published: July 2021

Objective,
To investigate the genetic characteristics of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and validate its polygenic risk for early puberty.

Design and methods
A bootstrap subsampling and genome-wide association study were performed on Taiwanese Han Chinese girls comprising 321 ICPP patients and 148 controls. Using previous GWAS data on pubertal timing, a replication study was performed. A validation group was also investigated for the weighted polygenic risk score (wPRS) of the risk of early puberty.

Results
A total of 105 SNPs for the risk of ICPP were identified, of which 22 yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.713 for the risk of early puberty in the validation group. A replication study showed that 33 SNPs from previous GWAS data of pubertal timing were associated with the risk of ICPP (training group: P-value < 0.05). In the validation group, a cumulative effect was observed between the wPRS and the risk of early puberty in a dose-dependent manner (validation group: Cochran–Armitage trend test: P-value < 1.00E−04; wPRS quartile 2 (Q2) (odds ratio (OR) = 5.00, 95% CI: 1.55–16.16), and wPRS Q3 (OR = 11.67, 95% CI: 2.44–55.83)).

Conclusions
This study reveals the ICPP genetic characteristics with 22 independent and 33 reported SNPs in the Han Chinese population from Taiwan. This study may contribute to understand the genetic features and underlying biological pathways that control pubertal timing and pathogenesis of ICPP and also to the identification of individuals with a potential genetic risk of early puberty.
On being loyal to a casino: The interactive influence of tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty
Authors: Hollingshead Samantha J. , Wohl Michael J. A. , Davis Christopher G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Casino loyalty programs are marketing strategies designed to foster attitudinal (i.e., identification and satisfaction) and behavioral (i.e., spending) loyalty among gamblers by offering rewards to members. Casino loyalty programs use a tier-based structure to segment members who spend more money into higher tiers, where they receive better rewards (compared to lower tiered members). Tier-based structures may encourage increased expenditure among patrons, especially among players living with a gambling disorder. The current work aimed to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict attitudinal and behavioral loyalty.

Methods
Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict self-reported loyalty among a sample of American casino loyalty program members (N = 396). In Study 2, archival player account data from Canadian casino loyalty program members (N = 649) were analyzed to examine whether tier status and disordered gambling symptomatology interact to predict objective measures of behavioral loyalty.

Results
The greatest effect of tier status on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty was observed among non-problem gamblers in the highest tiers. Tier status, however, did not influence loyalty among members high in disordered gambling symptomatology.

Discussion
Results suggest that once gambling has become problematic, loyalty programs may not influence player attitudes and behaviors. Non-problem gamblers may be particularly susceptible to the tiered structure of the programs.

Conclusion
Non-problem gamblers may benefit from casino loyalty programs in the short-term but longitudinal research is needed to understand the long-term influence of membership.
Macroeconomic assessment of possible Green Recovery scenarios in Visegrad countries
Authors: Kiss-Dobronyi Bence , Fazekas Dora , Pollitt Hector 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The article discusses how and why Green Recovery could be beneficial for the Visegrad countries based on a modelling exercise using the E3ME macroeconometric model. Green Recovery is defined as including policies in recovery plans that not only target economic recovery, but also contribute to environmental targets. The paper proposes that a Green Recovery could be valuable and suitable for the region contributing to both restoring employment and boosting economic activity as well as reaching climate goals. This is tested through a macroeconomic simulation, using the E3ME model. E3ME is built on Post-Keynesian economic theory and on econometric estimations of macroeconomic relationships. The results of the analysis focus on three dimensions: (1) social – employment, (2) environmental – level of CO2 emissions and (3) economic activity – gross domestic product (GDP). Outcomes indicate that a green recovery can shorten the time needed for employment and economic recovery as well as contributes to CO2 emission reductions. In Hungary, Czechia and Poland, the impact persists into the long-term; however, the paper also concludes that countries with high reliance on coal (e.g. Poland) could return to coal in the long term if no further policies are introduced.
Problems of electromagnetic compatibility of powerful energy associations during mass connection of renewable energy sources
Authors: Papaika Yu.A. , Lysenko O.G. , Bublikov A.V. , Olishevskiy I.G. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the problem of energy efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility of powerful energy associations with nonlinear loads and renewable energy sources. Finding promising ways to increase energy efficiency of power supply systems.
Methodology. Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic compatibility.
Findings. The analysis of the problem of energy efficiency and electromagnetic compatibility of powerful energy associations with nonlinear loads and renewable energy sources allows us to formulate the following provisions that determine the objectives of this study. A promising way to increase the energy efficiency of power supply systems is the introduction of refined methods of analysis and forecasting of electrical modes of industrial enterprises, as well as indicators of voltage quality and reliability of electrical equipment.
Originality. Although the problem of electromagnetic compatibility has been the subject of numerous domestic and foreign studies, it should be noted that most of these works consider the processes of generating electromagnetic interference in the electrical network without reference to the technological schedules of electrical equipment.
Practical value. One of the electromagnetic effects, which is manifested in the operation of frequency converters, are significant levels of interharmonics and higher harmonics, which are generated in the electrical network and contribute to the growth of electricity losses and reduce the service life of electrical equipment. However, the regularities connecting the parameters of the power system and the modes of powerful industrial converters have not been studied, and the substantiation of the parameters of a rational energy efficient mode of the power supply system, taking into account individual graphs of higher harmonics, has not been carried out until today.
Enseñanza de matemática en economía
Authors: Ramos-Barrera María Gabriela , Bello-Rodríguez Sandra Patricia 
Published: July 2021

Un programa de pregrado de Economía se basa, fundamentalmente, en el estudio de dos grandes áreas: la Microeconomía y la Macroeconomía. Así, la mayor parte de las otras áreas del conocimiento que incluye el programa de pregrado tiene el objeto de facilitar la comprensión de estos dos grandes núcleos de conocimiento. Al observar el contenido académico de estas otras áreas del conocimiento económico, se puede evidenciar una fuerte presencia de aritmética, álgebra y cálculo; esto se debe a que la mayor parte de las teorías sobre las cuales se basa la enseñanza de la economía están fundadas en elementos matemáticos.
CONSUMER DECISION PROCESS EXPLORATION: LUXURY FASHION PRODUCTS IN BOGOTÁ
Authors: Robayo-Pinzón Oscar , Rojas-Berrio Sandra , Giraldo-López Diana 
Published: July 2021

This research aims to explore the factors that are part of the decision process for purchasing luxury fashion products in the city of Bogota (Colombia). The variables of influence that arise from the previous literature (product display, technological accessibility, representation of status, brand perception, lifestyle, association with well-being and wealth, association with delight, the motivation of the consumer, authenticity of the product, and cost-benefit ratio) were explored as part of 10 in-depth interviews with people between ages of 25 and 45 who live in strata 5 and 6 in Bogota, Colombia. The validity of the interviews is observed in the verification of concepts with previous research, the quality of the data collected, and, therefore, with the condition of the dependence, credibility, and transferability of these data. The main variables that affect the decision process for purchasing luxury fashion products are the brand, exclusivity, distinction, and their relationship with the positive emotions generated in the consumer. The results of this research suggest how to improve their marketing strategies, focusing on what their target public looks for. This research is the first to analyze the decision process for purchasing luxury fashion products in the city of Bogota by using in-depth interviews.
Usme: Los rastros de la guerra
Authors: Castellanos-Díaz Juliana , Mayorga-Alejo Carlos Antonio , Ramírez-Castillo Jefferson David , Moscoso-González Daniela , Casas-Trujillo Julieth Paola , Lancheros-Rodríguez Natalia , Morales-Rojas Daniel Felipe 
Published: July 2021

Durante la década del 90 y los primeros años del 2000, los habitantes de Usme, una localidad del sur de Bogotá, fueron testigos del trabajo político y de los actos bélicos orquestados por las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC).
El trabajo de reportería da cuenta de una estrategia basada en propaganda, reclutamiento de jóvenes, masacres, asesinatos y secuestros, entre otras acciones que eran consecuencia de decisiones tomadas en la Séptima Conferencia de la organización guerrillera, en la que se habían propuesto desplegar nuevos frentes a zonas urbanas en busca de la toma del poder.
Capítulo 5
Authors: Hernández-Zuluaga José Carlos 
Published: July 2021

A partir de la explicación de los fundamentos ideológicos y estratégicos del Mercado Único Digital Europeo, MUD, se pretende abordar cada uno de los aspectos claves que lo desarrollan. La estrategia surge de las nuevas necesidades transnacionales de comercio y de las diferentes barreras que se han venido advirtiendo en el ámbito comunitario.
Teniendo en cuenta la descripción general de los más importantes aspectos de la implementación del MUD, se analizará la realidad latinoamericana a partir de los avances que algunos tratados u organizaciones locales han venido implementando de manera aislada y que posiblemente lograrían cerrar la brecha que impide un intercambio efectivo de bienes y servicios aprovechando las ventajas de la era digital.
Experimental study of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutment
Authors: Jelušič P. , Žlender B. 
Published: July 2021

The article presents an experimental study of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment (BA). The BAs are seated on a saturated soft foundation layer and support a 16 m long concrete bridge. Laboratory tests were conducted on the foundation soil, geogrid, and fill material. The BA is constructed from 14 geogrids and has a total height of 4.2 m. The strain values in the geogrids were measured and recorded during the construction of the abutments and after installation of the bridge structure. The test results show that more than 50% of the total strain in the geogrids was developed during the construction of the BAs, mostly embedded in the ground. The remainder of the measured strain was a consequence of installing the prefabricated bridge girders, back fill placement, concreting the top slab, and placing the asphalt concrete. The strain distribution along the geogrids shows that the maximum strain was recorded below the sill, and was 50% higher than at the center of the BA. Based on an analysis of the construction costs, it can be concluded that conventional reinforced concrete abutments could cost up to five times the amount of optimally designed GRS-BAs.
Modeling of healing pores of cylindrical form under the action of shock waves in a crystal subjected to shear deformation
Authors: Markidonov A. V. , Starostenkov M. D. , Lubyanoi D. A. , Zakharov P. V. , Lipunov V. N. 
Published: July 2021

Volumetric defects in crystals worsen operational properties of structural materials; therefore, the problem of reducing discontinuities in solid is one of the most important in modern materials science. In the present work, the results of computer simulation are presented that demonstrate possibility of collapse of pores in a crystal in state of shear deformation under the influence of shock waves. Similar waves can occur in a solid under external high-intensity exposure. For example, in the zone of propagation of displacement cascade, there are regions in which occurs a mismatch between the thermalization times of atomic vibrations and the removal of heat from them. As a result of the expansion of such a region, a shock after cascade wave arises. The simulation was carried out based on molecular dynamics method using the potential calculated by means of mmersed atom method. As a bulk defect, we considered extended pores of cylindrical shape, which can be formed after passing of high-energy ions through a crystal, or, for example, when superheated closed fluid inclusions (mother liquor) reach the surface. The study has shown that such defects are the source of heterogeneous nucleation of dislocation loops, contributing to a decrease in the shear stresses in simulated structure. Dependences of the average dislocation density on the shear angle and temperature of the designed cell were established, and the loop growth rate was estimated. Generated shock waves create additional tangential stresses that contribute to the formation of dislocation loops; therefore, in this case, dislocations are observed even with a small shear strain. If during simulation the thermal effect increases, the pore collapses.
Nonparametric control algorithm for metal temperature mode on site BOF – CCM
Authors: Kornet M. E. , Raskina A. V. , Korneeva A. A. 
Published: July 2021

A two-level control system for the temperature mode of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and preparation for casting of low-carbon steel G/ET is proposed in the conditions of BOF shop-2 of JSC “United West Siberian Metallurgical Combine”. Depending on the technological scheme, it is possible to design various control systems for the steelmaking complex with sequential, parallel and combined inclusion of individual operations and processes. The control system of a sequential group of objects is considered on the example of steel G/ET. The control system includes an external control loop that allows coordinated control of the shop departments by optimizing the mode of technological process conducting at the facility, taking into account the actual operation performed at the previous facility. The implemented nonparametric algorithm of dual control allows the decision-maker to perform joint operational adjustment of control actions for local control loops. The temperature mode of the melts of low-carbon steel G/ET is analyzed and it is revealed that the processing time of the steel ladle at each stage of the BOF – CCM technological route has a significant impact on the steel temperature mode. In accordance with this, the criteria for temperature control quality are formed. The results of computational experiment showed that the introduction of a control unit with a decision-maker contributes to the rational control of metal temperature mode in the BOF – CCM site, and as a result, obtaining a given chemical composition and temperature of steel within narrower limits. It allows one to eliminate deviations from the contact schedule of the main units, and to increase the number of melts in the series and the rate of continuous casting.
The Political and Economic Origins of the Roman Revolution
Authors: Lapyrenok Roman 
Published: July 2021

The paper considers some economic and legal aspects of the struggle for the public land in Late Republican Rome. This period is one of the most controversial in ancient history; it brought many significant changes to the socio-economic and political life of Rome and contributed much to its transformation from Republic to Principate. Nevertheless, there is no special paper examining the competition between the Romans and Italians for the ager publicus populi Romani which started with the agrarian reform of Tiberius Gracchus in modern historiography. The first episode ended after the enactment in 111 B.C. of the lex agraria, when a large amount of public land was brought into private hands by its Roman possessors. A further part of the ager publicus populi Romani was still public and remained in hands of the socii. The logic of historical process, the economic changes of the second century B.C. which led Rome from Republic to Principate, demanded the formation of a new class of landowners. The latter would be the basis of the political system of the Roman Empire instead of the nobilitas; its political power would be based on private ownership of land. This was impossible without the full privatization of public land, and it is logical that the struggle for the ager publicus populi Romani was not ended in 111 B.C. Only after privatization of that land, which was possessed by the allies, the agrarian question in Rome could be fully resolved. The latter problem is of crucial importance for the further history of Rome, because it not only caused the Social War but also radically changed both the social structure and the political balance within Roman society during the last decades of the Republic.