bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Effects of Organophosphate (Temephos), Glyphosate (Roundup) and Sodium Dodecil Sulfate (Sds) on Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills: A Morphometric and Histological Study
Authors: Santos-Silva Thamyris , Ribeiro Rosy I. M. A. , Memoriam) Stênio N. Alves (In , Thomé Ralph G. , Santos Hélio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pesticides, as Temephos and Roundup, and surfactants, like Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), when dicharged into the environment, are harmful to non-target wildlife, especially fish. To evaluate the effects of those chemicals alone and their binary combinations, we assessed the histological alterations in Danio rerio gills after 15 days of exposure to Temephos (1ppm), Roundup (10ppm), SDS (2ppm), SDS plus Temephos (2ppm+1ppm), SDS plus Roundup (2ppm+10ppm) and Temephos plus Roundup (1ppm+10ppm). Hyperplasia, a regressive change, was significant in all exposed groups. The progressive change, complete fusion of lamellae, was significantly intensive in Roundup plus Temephos group. Regarding to circulatory disturbances, vascular congestion was significant intensive in SDS group, while severe aneurysm was observed in Roundup group. Although xenobiotics in the blend are biologically complex, mainly for long periods, combinatorial exposure incremented only complete lamellar fusion. Our results reinforce the rationalization of indiscriminate use of those compounds alone or in combination.
Characteristics of Disease Progression and Genetic Correlation in Ambulatory Iranian Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Zamani Gholamreza , Hosseinpour Sareh , Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Mohammadi Mahmoud , Badv Reza Shervin , Tavasoli Alireza , Akbari Masood Ghahvechi , Bereshneh Ali Hosseini , Malamiri Reza Azizi , Heidari Morteza 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy in the pediatric population. The manifestations are progressive muscle weakness, impairment in walking and motor function leading to loss of ambulation by age of 13 years. Molecular studies are standard tests for diagnosis. This article describes the status of disease progression and genetic pattern in the Iranian affected boys and furthermore, concerns to find a correlation between the genotype and motor function phenotype of them.
Methods

This study was performed on 152 DMD patients. Clinical history including disease phenotype, steroid therapy data and the NorthStar Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) score were all collected. Molecular diagnoses were confirmed by multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification and Next Generation Sequencing tests.
Results

We studied a total of 152 Iranian DMD patients. The mean age at disease onset was 4.04 ± 2.00 year and the mean age at diagnosis was 5.05 ± 2.08 year. The mean age of loss of ambulatory was 10.9 year. Contracture was seen in 38.9 %. The overall mean of NSAA total score versus age of the patients peaked at 4 year with mean NSAA score of 24. We assessed the yearly changes in the NSAA linear score for all cases based on mutation type and exon site. We found deletion mutation in 79.1%, duplication in 6.8%, nonsense in 12.8%, and splice site in 1.4%. The most common single exon was deletion exon 44 in our patients (5.3%) and the most common multiexon deletion was 45–50 and 45–52 exon equally with 4.6%. This study did not show any correlation between age at disease onset, loss of ambulation age and wheelchair dependency with mutation type but a correlation between contracture with mutation type was found. A significant deference in NSAA score were seen between deletion and nonsense groups at the age of 3 year (P = 0.036) and 3.5 years (p = 0.04). We couldn’t find any correlation among phenotype and Exon site. 91.1% had a history of corticosteroid taking and 54.1% of patient had compliance with rehabilitation.
Conclusion

This study has demonstrated the phenotype and mutational features of DMD boys and provide information of the disease natural motor history, disease progression and disease diagnosis with the management status of DMD in Iran. Achieved data will encourage the development of clinical trials and advance future molecular therapies in Iran.
The Self-targeting Ability of Cancer-derived Exosomes to their Parental Cells in a Time and Concentration-Dependent Manner
Authors: Ghavami Mahlegha , Moghadam Mehdi Forouzandeh , Gomari Hosna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background/Aim: Exosomes have recently attracted research interest as exploitable nano-carriers. However, cell specificity of exosomes toward their targets still needs to be addressed. This study, for the first time, deals with the natural tropism of cancer-derived exosomes towards HER2 positive cells compared to targeted and untargeted HEK-derived exosomes.Methods and Results: Isolated targeted HEK293 and TUBO exosomes were successfully characterized. TUBO cells were treated with various concentrations of fluorescent labeled exosomes at different time points. The tropism of TUBO exosomes was assessed toward other HER2 positive breast cancer cells as well. TUBO-derived exosomes showed 40% uptake, whereas targeted HEK 293 exosomes had lower affinity. By increasing the incubation time, TUBO cells had more time to recognize TUBO exosomes. Fluorimetry analysis revealed that by increasing the dosage of exosomes on HER-2 positive cells, the prominent factor in the attachment was nonspecific physical absorption.Conclusion: Cancer-derived exosomes might be a promising alternative to targeted exosomes as the delivery agent in targeting cancer cells.
Spatial Spillover Effect of Green Water Use Efficiency and its Influence Factor: New Evidence from Yellow River Economic Belt, China
Authors: Zhong Shen , Li Jian , Wen Hongmei , Wang Hongli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The shortage of fresh water resources is an important factor restriction the sustainable development of the Yellow River Economic Belt (YREB). Increasing Green Water-Use Efficiency (GWUE) is a necessary way to ensure the sustainable development of water resources. Therefore, it is of theoretical significance and practical value to measure GWUE and investigate its influencing factors. Based on the panel data of 98 cities in YREB from 2005–2018, this paper first measures GWUE by global Malmqusit approach which contains unexpected output, and decomposes the comprehensive efficiency into Technological Change (TC), Pure Technical Efficiency Change (PEC) and Scale Efficiency Change (SEC). Furthermore, the spatial correlation of GWUE and decompositon indexs are analyzed by using the spatial Durbin model, and the influence of other interpretations on GWUE is analyzed. The empirical results show that: (1) The average annual growth rate of WGUE is 7.86% during 2005–2018, and the average annual growth rate of TC, PEC, SEC is 2.57%, 3.87% and 1.84% respectively, which all contribute to the improvement of WGUE. (2) GMLPI, TC, PEC, SEC all show the agglomeration characteristics of "high-high" or "low-low", and the GWUE of the local city will be affected by the same direction of the surrounding cities. Every 1% increase in GMLPI, TC, PEC and SEC of surrounding cities will lead to the corresponding index growth of about 0.321%, 0.393%, 0.244% and 0.358% respectively. (3) Industrial structure and foreign direct investment have a negative total effect on GWUE. The expenditure on science and technology, education and population density have significatly promoted technological progress both the local city and surrounding cities. Infrastructure has a significant positive effect on the pure technical efficiency of the city. This paper hodls that the government should strengthen cooperation and technical innovation, optimize foreign capital structure and industrial structure.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan/Agar/SiO2 Nano Hydrogels For Removal of Amoxicillin and of Naproxen From Pharmaceutical Contaminants
Authors: Moradi Omid , Mhdavi Samira , Sedaghat Sajjad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Today, environmental pollutants pose a threat to human societies and all living organisms, which is why they have attracted the attention of environmental researchers. In this study, in order to remove pharmaceutical contaminants Naproxen and Amoxicillin from aqueous media with SiO2 nanoparticles based on Agar and Chitosan was investigated. The study of structural properties, physical and chemical characterization of synthesized nanocomposite was investigated by FTIR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, DLS and EDX analyzes. In addition, the role of parameters affecting the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants such as solution pH, contact time, contaminant concentration and temperature were studied. Nanocomposites prepared from Agar and Chitosan showed good performance in absorbing naproxen and amoxicillin. According to the studies performed to remove naproxen, the max adsorption efficiency was obtained at a concentration of 20 mg/l with an absorbent dose of 0.05 g and a pH of 8 and at an optimum temperature of 25 °C and 99% in 15 min. Also, for amoxicillin with nanocomposite prepared with an initial concentration of 20 mg/l and an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, a time of 10 min, a temperature of 25 °C and a pH of 8, the max removal efficiency of 91.15% was obtained.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Hsf and Hsp Gene Families in Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)
Authors: Chen Xueqian , Wang Zhiyuan , Tang Rui , Wang Lina , Chen Chunhua , Ren Zhonghai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that participate in plants' response to environmental stresses, including heat stress, and also play an essential role in plant growth and development. Hsps expression is monitored and regulated by specific types of transcription factors known as heat shock factors (Hsfs). Although the role of Hsfs and Hsps in stress response has been investigated in some plants, their role is still poorly understood in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). To reveal the mechanisms of cucumber Hsf and Hsp coping with various stresses, the analyses of cucumber Hsf and Hsp gene families were conducted using bioinformatics-based methods. A total of 23 Hsfs and 72 Hsps were identified in the cucumber genome (v3.0), and the gene structure and motif composition are relatively conserved in each subfamily. At least 23 pairs of heat shock genes underwent gene duplication in cucumber. A cis-element analysis is implicit that CsHsfs and CsHsps possessed at least one hormone or stress response cis-element, suggesting that CsHsf and CsHsp genes could respond to different stress conditions. Heatmaps of the CsHsf and CsHsp gene families indicated that most heat shock genes were expressed in different tissues and organs. RNA-seq showed that most of the cucumber Hsf and Hsp genes are differentially expressed upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses. These results provide valuable information to clarify the evolutionary relationship between the CsHsf and CsHsp family and to facilitate the functional characterization of the CsHsf and CsHsp genes in future studies.
Intramuscular Neural Distribution of the Serratus Anterior Muscle: Guidelines to the Injective Method for Treating Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Lee Ji-Hyun , Seo Kyle K , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The serratus anterior muscle is commonly involved in myofascial pain syndrome and is treated with many different injective methods. Currently, there is no definite injection point for the muscle. This study provides an ideal injection point for the serratus anterior muscle considering the intramuscular neural distribution using the whole mount staining method. A modified Sihler method was applied to the serratus anterior muscles (15 specimens). The intramuscular arborization areas were identified in terms of the anterior (100%), middle (50%), posterior axillary line (0%), and from the first to the ninth ribs. The intramuscular neural distribution for the serratus anterior muscle had the largest arborization patterns in the 5th to 9th rib portion between 50% and 70%, and the 1st to 4th rib portion had between 20% and 40%. Clinicians can administer safe and effective treatments with botulinum neurotoxin injections and other types of injections, following the methods in our study. We propose optimal injection sites in relation to the external anatomical line for the frequently injected facial muscles to facilitate the efficiency of botulinum neurotoxin injections. Lastly, these guidelines would assist practice more accurately without the harmful side effects of trigger point injections and botulinum neurotoxin injections.
The Relationship of Coffee Consumption and CVD Risk Factors in Elderly Patients with T2DM
Authors: ghavami Hossein sayed , Khoshtinat Mehran , Sadeghi-Farah Sepehr , Kalimani Arman Bayati , Ferrie Suzie , Faraji Hossein 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective: clinical studies suggest increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and diabetes among the elderly. Meanwhile, coffee as a food compound can cause adverse effects on these risk factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between coffee consumption and CVD risk factors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: this cross-sectional study was performed during 2017 on 300 elderly people above 60 years of age with T2DM in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was performed using a food frequency questionnaire. Coffee consumption was classified into three groups including <1, 1-3, and >3 cups/day. Partial correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between CVD risk factors and usual coffee consumption.Results: the mean age and body mass index of participants in this study were 70.04±4.87 years and 24.74±3.34 kg/m2 respectively. Coffee consumption had a significant inverse relationship with FBG and DBP in the elderly with T2DM (r: - 0.117, 0.134; p: 0.046, 0.022). TG and HDL-C had a significant positive relationship with coffee consumption levels (r: 0.636, 0.128; p: 0.028, 0.029). These results were obtained after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion: increasing coffee consumption was linked to improved status of some CVD risk factors including FBG, HDL-C, and DBP in the elderly with T2DM. Nevertheless, increasing coffee consumption was also associated with higher TG level and had no significant effect on other risk factors. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Comparative Investigation of Different Configurations of Graphene-Based Superficial Microwave Hyperthermia
Authors: Singla alka , Marwaha Anupma , Marwaha Sanjay , Chavali Murthy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
For treating superficial tumours patch antennas present a more compact structure and are easy to design. Graphene-based antenna applicators can further provide an effective solution for the non-invasive procedure by selecting different configurations of the patch for producing homogeneous energy deposition. Graphene patch facilitates the reduction of surface waves among the healthy tissues. Four different antenna shapes of graphene-based antenna applicators are designed at operating frequency of 915 MHz in ISM band and comparison is performed in terms of SAR and temperature distribution. Among all the applicators triangular patch applicator outperforms in terms of more localized heating and attains the highest value of temperature at 324°K and SAR of 186 W/Kg at insertion depth of 6 mm. The double slot applicator also provides localized SAR and uniform heating but results in the lower temperature of 315°K and much reduced SAR of 41 W/Kg at same insertion depth. Further, the effect of distance between the source and tissue model has also been investigated. It has been found that SAR decreases with increased distance from the radiating source. At the optimized distance of 3 mm, SAR values obtained for rectangular, circular, triangular and double slot patch applicator are 60 W/Kg, 54.7 W/Kg, 134.1 W/Kg and 54.2 W/Kg respectively.
Bracketless Invisible Orthosis in the Treatment of Children With Malocclusion : A Protocol of Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Shi-chen , Li Xiao-guang , Xi Yu-li , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalocclusion is a common oral disorder. Childhood is a critical period for the development of malocclusion. This protocol will explore the clinical efficacy and safety of bracketless invisible orthosis (BIO) in the treatment of children with malocclusion.MethodsThis study will search MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WANGFANG, VIP, CNKI, and CBM from inception to the present. We will not apply any limitations to the language and publication status. All potential randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of BIO for the treatment of children with malocclusion will be considered for inclusion. Two authors will independently carry out study identification, data extraction, and study quality assessment in each study. Any disagreement will be resolved through discussion with a third author. When a number of included studies are sufficient, we will conduct meta-analysis, as well as subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. The certainty of evidence will be appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Outcome of interest will be presented in summary of findings tables, and statistical analysis will be performed utilizing RevMan 5.4 software. DiscussionThis systematic study will summarize all available studies to investigate the clinical efficacy of BIO in treating children with malocclusion. Findings of this study will highlight efficacy and safety of BIO for the treatment of children with malocclusion for both clinical practice and future strategies. Study registrationOSF (https://osf.io/avpmx).
Single-Cell Analysis of Alternative Splicing and Gene Regulatory Network Reveals Remarkable Expression and Regulation Dynamics During Early Embryonic Development
Authors: Chen Jiwei , Li Yunjin , Chen Geng , Shi Tieliu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSingle-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies greatly revolutionized our understanding of cell-to-cell variability of gene expression. Although several studies investigated the expression profile of early embryos, they mainly focused on the expression changes at gene level. Here we systematically explored the gene expression dynamics of human early embryonic development from expression level, alternative splicing, isoform switching and expression regulatory network. ResultsWe found that the genes involved in significant changes of these three aspects are all gradually decreased along embryonic development from E3 to E7 stage. Moreover, these three types of variations are complementary for profiling expression dynamics and they vary greatly across embryonic development as well as between different sexes. Strikingly, only a small number of genes exhibited prominent expression level changes between male and female embryos in E3 stage, whereas many more genes showed variations in alternative splicing and major isoform switching. Additionally, we identified functionally important specific gene regulatory modules for each stage and revealed dynamic usage of transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs). Conclusions﻿Collectively, our study gain insights into the expression dynamics of early embryonic development from expression level, alternative splicing, isoform switching and gene regulatory networks, which could benefit the understanding of underlying mechanism of embryonic development.
The prognosis and clinicopathological features of different distant metastases pattern in renal cell carcinoma: analysis based on SEER database
Authors: Wei Haibin , Miao Jia , Cui Jianxin , Zheng Wei , Chen Xinpeng , Zhang Qi , Liu Feng , Mao Zujie , Qiu Songlin , Zhang Dahong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Existing data on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and clinicopathological features of different metastatic sites in patients with mRCC. Methods: A dataset from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Registries (1973–2015) was selected for a retrospective mRCC cohort study. There was information on metastatic sites in lung, bone, liver, and brain. Kaplan-Meier analysis were applied to compare the survival distribution. Univariate and multivariate cox regression models were used to analyze survival outcomes. Results: From the SEER database, a total of 10410 patients with primary mRCC from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled in this cohort study. 54.9%, 37.7%, 19.5%, and 10.4 % of patients were found to have lung, bone, liver, and brain metastasis, respectively. Sarcomatoid RCC had significantly higher risk to develop liver metastasis than clear cell RCC. The median survival for patients with lung, bone, liver, and brain metastasis was 7 months, 7 months, 4 months and 5 months, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, different metastatic sites possess various clinicopathological features and prognostic values. Understanding these differences may contribute to designing targeted pre-treatment assessment of primary mRCC and creating a personalized curative intervention.
An approach for Risk Assessment Score of Suicide Attempt (RASSA)
Authors: Fructuoso Ana , Fierro Inmaculada , Jiménez-Serranía María-Isabel , Garcia-Pando Alfonso Carvajal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Suicide remains a leading cause of death and psychiatric population is often at increased risk for suicide. Therefore, there is a persistent need for well-designed clinical instruments that allows us to identify relevant risk factors. Our study aims to improve patient follow-up and identify possible suicide risk markers from a passage to self-harm among hospitalized psychiatric patients. Methods: This case-control study included the review of psychiatric, sociodemographic, drug use, and other health-related data, retrieved from 1,680 psychiatric patients’ health records. Differences between comparative groups were examined, and stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify suicide risk factors within this population.Results: From the analysis of 560 suicide attempters’ clinical records, thirteen risk items were included in our final model, named as Risk Assessment Score of Suicide Attempt (RASSA). The factors that scored the highest in this model were ‘not taking antipsychotic medication’, ‘somatic comorbidity’, and ‘a family history of suicide’. Suffering from depression has a high score, and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is also involved in the risk of a suicide attempt. Regarding medication use, opioid analgesics decreased the risk score, while taking non-opioid analgesics increased it. In terms of commonly abused substances, alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamine dependence increased the score. A higher risk was also associated with cannabis dependence, while tobacco use reduced it. As for demographics, the risk was significantly greater for women and subjects who were unmarried. Conclusions: The proposed model of risk assessment score of suicide attempt (RASSA) offers the possibility of establishing a suicide attempt risk based on data directly gathered from the health records of psychiatric patients. Therefore, it might be used as an initial screening test before patient evaluation and psychometric tests.