bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS‐CoV‐2 and wastewater: What does it mean for non‐human primates?
Authors: Mathavarajah Sabateeshan , Melin Amanda , Dellaire Graham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn most of our lifetimes, we have not faced a global pandemic such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019. The world has changed as a result. However, it is not only humans who are affected by a pandemic of this scale. Our closest relatives, the non‐human primates (NHPs) who encounter researchers, sanctuary/zoo employees, and tourists, are also potentially at risk of contracting the virus from humans due to similar genetic susceptibility. “Anthropozoonosis”—the transmission of diseases from humans to other species—has occurred historically, resulting in infection of NHPs with human pathogens that have led to disastrous outbreaks. Recent studies have assessed the susceptibility of NHPs and predict that catarrhine primates and some lemurs are potentially highly susceptible to infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus. There is accumulating evidence that a new factor to consider with the spread of the virus is fecal‐oral transmission. The virus has been detected in the watersheds of countries with underdeveloped infrastructure where raw sewage enters the environment directly without processing. This may expose NHPs, and other animals, to SARS‐CoV‐2 through wastewater contact. Here, we address these concerns and discuss recent evidence. Overall, we suggest that the risk of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 via wastewater is low. Nonetheless, tracking of viral RNA in wastewater does provide a unique testing approach to help protect NHPs at zoos and wildlife sanctuaries. A One Health approach going forward is perhaps the best way to protect these animals from a novel virus, the same way that we would protect ourselves.
Temperature and exudativory as drivers of the marmoset (Callithrixspp.) daily activity period
Authors: Hilário Renato R. , Silvestre Saulo M. , Abreu Filipa , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , de Castro Carla S. S. , Chagas Renata R. D. , De la Fuente Maria F. , Duarte Marina H. L. , Ferrari Stephen F. , Passamani Marcelo , Schiel Nicola , Souto Antonio , Young Robert J. , Souza‐Alves João P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrimates are affected by fluctuations in ambient temperatures, mostly through thermoregulatory costs and changes in the availability of food. In the present study, we investigate whether the ambient temperature and proxies of food availability affect the activity period of marmosets (Callithrixspp.). We predicted that: (i) at colder sites, marmosets would spend more time at sleeping sites; (ii) midday resting bouts would be longer at hotter sites; (iii) the onset/cessation of activity and resting behavior at midday would be more closely related to temperature than food availability, and (iv) highly exudativorous groups would have higher total levels of resting. We compiled data on the onset and cessation of activity and the time spent resting at midday from seven marmoset studies from sites with a wide range of temperatures. We used generalized linear mixed models to verify the relationship between the dependent variables (lag between dawn and the onset of activities, lag between cessation of activities and dusk, and proportion of resting during midday) and the minimum and maximum temperatures at the respective study sites, together with proxies of food availability (exudativory rates, the amount of habitat available per individual, and net primary productivity) using each sample month as a sampling unit and the identity of the study as a categorical random factor. At colder sites and during colder months, the marmosets left sleeping trees later in the morning and ceased their activities earlier, while at hotter sites and during hotter months, they spent more time resting during midday. More exudativorous groups become active later in the morning, but also ceased their activities later. The abundance of food did not affect the timing of activities. We provide evidence that both low and high temperatures affect marmosets' activities, and that their activity period appears to be more influenced by the thermal environment than food availability.
Biosocial life‐course factors associated with women's early marriage in rural India: The prospective longitudinal Pune Maternal Nutrition Study
Authors: Marphatia Akanksha A. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Reid Alice M. , Yajnik Chittaranjan S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesBy convention, women's early marriage is considered a sociocultural decision sensitive to factors acting during adolescence such as poverty, early menarche, and less education. Few studies have examined broader risk factors in the natal household prior to marriage. We investigated whether biosocial markers of parental investment through the daughters' life‐course were associated with early marriage risk in rural India. We used an evolutionary perspective to interpret our findings.Materials and MethodsA prospective cohort recruited mothers at preconception. Children were followed from birth to age 21 years. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios of marrying early (<19 years) associated first with wealth, age at menarche and education, and then with broader markers of maternal phenotype, natal household characteristics, and girls' growth trajectories. Models adjusted for confounders.ResultsOf 305 girls, 71 (23%) had married early. Early married girls showed different patterns of growth compared to unmarried girls. Neither poverty nor early menarche predicted early marriage. Girls' non‐completion of lower secondary school predicted early marriage, explaining 19% of the variance. Independent of girls' lower schooling, nuclear household, low paternal education, shorter gestation, and girls' poor infant weight gain were associated with marrying early, explaining in combination 35% of the variance.DiscussionEarly marriage reflects “future discounting,” where reduced parental investment in daughters' somatic and educational capital from early in her life favors an earlier transition to the life‐course stage when reproduction can occur. Interventions initiated in adolescence may occur too late in the life‐course to effectively delay women's marriage.
Flower‐Like Colloidal Particles through Precipitation Polymerization of Redox‐Responsive Liquid Crystals
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Moradi Mohammad‐Amin , Bus Tom , Debije Michael G. , Bon Stefan A. F. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of monodisperse, flower‐like, liquid crystalline (LC) polymer particles by precipitation polymerization of a LC mixture consisting of benzoic acid‐functionalized acrylates and disulfide‐functionalized diacrylates. Introduction of a minor amount of redox‐responsive disulfide‐functionalized diacrylates (≤10 wt %) induced the formation of flower‐like shapes. The shape of the particles can be tuned from flower‐ to disk‐like to spherical by elevating the polymerization temperature. The solvent environment also has a pronounced effect on the particle size. Time‐resolved TEM reveals that the final particle morphology was formed in the early stages of the polymerization and that subsequent polymerization resulted in continued particle growth without affecting the morphology. Finally, the degradation of the particles under reducing conditions was much faster for flower‐like particles than for spherical particles, likely a result of their higher surface‐to‐volume ratio.
Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium‐Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non‐Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Yan Yichao , Vogt David B. , Vaid Thomas P. , Sigman Matthew S. , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis report describes the design of diaminocyclopropenium‐phenothiazine hybrid catholytes for non‐aqueous redox flow batteries. The molecules are synthesized in a rapid and modular fashion by appending a diaminocyclopropenium (DAC) substituent to the nitrogen of the phenothiazine. Combining a versatile C‐N coupling protocol (which provides access to diverse derivatives) with computation and structure‐property analysis enabled the identification of a catholyte that displays stable two‐electron cycling at potentials of 0.64 and 1.00 V vs. Fc/Fc+ as well as high solubility in all oxidation states (≥0.45 M in TBAPF6/MeCN). This catholyte was deployed in a high energy density two‐electron RFB, exhibiting >90 % capacity retention over 266 hours of flow cell cycling at >0.5 M electron concentration.
Ruddlesden–Popper Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanosheets of Phase Pure n=2: Stabilized Colloids Stored in the Solid State
Authors: Cevallos‐Toledo Rita B. , Rosa‐Pardo Ignacio , Arenal Raul , Oestreicher Víctor , Fickert Michael , Abellán Gonzalo , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez‐Prieto Julia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRuddlesden‐Popper lead halide perovskite (RP‐LHP) nano‐nanostructures can be regarded as self‐assembled quantum wells or superlattices of 3D perovskites with an intrinsic quantum well thickness of a single or a few (n=2‐4) lead halide layers; the quantum wells are separated by organic layers. They can be scaled down to a single quantum well dimension. Here, the preparation of highly (photo)chemical and colloidal stable hybrid LHP nanosheets (NSs) of ca. 7.4 μm lateral size and 2.5 nm quantum well height (thereby presenting a deep blue emission at ca. 440 nm), is reported for the first time. The NSs are close‐lying and they even interconnect when deposited on a substrate. Their synthesis is based on the use of the p‐toluenesulfonic acid/dodecylamine (pTS/DDA) ligand pair and their (photo)chemical stability and photoluminescence is enhanced by adding EuBr2 nanodots (EuNDs). Strikingly, they can be preserved as a solid and stored for at least one year. The blue emissive colloid can be recovered from the solid as needed by simply dispersing the powder in toluene and then using it to prepare solid films, making them very promising candidates for manufacturing devices.
Solubility limitations of residual steryl glucosides, saturated monoglycerides and glycerol in commercial biodiesel fuels as determinants of filter blockages
Authors: Heiden Richard W. , Schober Sigurd , Mittelbach Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNewer, improved high pressure common rail diesel engines require increased protection from damaging particles in fuel, resulting in tighter, low‐micron filtration requirements. The unobstructed flow of fuel through filters underlies the well‐known efficiencies and reduced exhaust emissions of diesel engines, and when flows are hindered, these efficiencies become severely compromised. Biodiesel fuels frequently contain saturated monoglycerides, glycerol (GLY) and/or steryl glucosides, systemic impurities that become problematic when low concentrations exceed ill‐defined solubility limits, usually unexpectedly at low temperatures. Here, filters and blended fuels from seven flow obstruction incidents were subjected to detailed compositional analyses. With one exception the fuels contain estimated levels within international specifications, yet exhibit heterophase (HP) formation in the laboratory at 2°C, well above measured cloud points. Feedstock composition, pretreatment and/or purification processes are found to modulate insolubility risks. Interferences in standard gas chromatography methods used without modification can hide or complicate estimates of residual levels of GLY. The data show that classical variables controlling solubility, such as concentrations and temperatures, play important roles in setting the risks associated with in situ formation of HPs from these common impurities. Further, such risks are likely attenuated considerably by reductions in critical impurities beyond currently specified limits.
A novel high mechanical and excellent hydrophilic electrospun polyurethane‐silk‐bioactive glass nanofiber film for rotator cuff injury repair
Authors: Duan Kaikai , Ling Ziao , Sun Minghui , Zhi Weiliang , Zhang Yifeng , Han Sheng , Xu Jingli , Wang Hui , Li Jiusheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRotator cuff injury is the most common muscle injury in bone surgery and there was still enormously challenging to completely repair it. Disturbed by mechanical stability and biocompatibility, most implants have failed to relieve symptoms and prevent the development of osteoarthritis. Herein, we have firstly fabricated novel electrospinned nanofiber membranes by integrating the excellent mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU), the good biocompatibility of silk fibroin with the osteogenesis properties of bioactive glass (PSB). The obtained results have exhibited that the PSB nanofiber film possessed excellent mechanical properties with the tensile stress have reached 14.6 MPa and the tensile strain reached 70%, which had extremely remedied the properties of pure silk film (3.8 MPa and the tensile strain 7.9%). Especially, PSB has shown superior hydrophilicity (WCA) than silk (WCA) and PU (WCA) groups. Furthermore, we have endowed the PSB with osteogenesis by doping bioactive glass (BG) in it. The PSB film can long‐term release functional ions (Si and B ions) that benefit bone tissue repair, and the CCK‐8 and ALP results have also confirmed the excellent biocompatibility and osteogenesis of PSB. Hence, the novel PSB film may provide a new treatment strategy for repairing rotator cuff injury.
A facile strategy to improve the mechanical and thermal conductivity of PA6 nanocomposites by introducing graphene oxide/sodium benzoate compounding nucleator
Authors: Huang Huan , Zhang Zhao Xin , Zhang Xun Tao , Yan Lei , Yang Shang Ke , Xiao Liu Xin , Lin Hai Lan , Bian Jun , Chen Dai Qiang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a new and facile route has been developed to prepare graphene oxide (GO)/sodium benzoate (Sb) compounding nucleator (GO‐Sb) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites. The effects and mechanism of adding GO/Sb compounding nucleator on the morphology and properties of PA6 nanocomposites were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that there are electrostatic interaction and π–π conjugation between GO and Sb, which make the GO‐Sb compounding nucleator homogenously dispersed in matrix and gain good interfacial adhesion. XRD and DSC analysis revealed that incorporation of Sb improved the formation of γ‐crystal. In addition, GO‐Sb significantly enhanced the crystallization temperature of PA6 nanocomposites due to “the heterogeneous nucleating effects”. The tensile results showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites can be obviously improved by incorporation of GO‐Sb compounding nucleator at low contents. The tensile strength and impact strength of the PA6‐GO‐Sb (100/0.05/0.25) nanocomposite were enhanced by 69.9% and 157.1%, respectively compared with pure PA6. Compared with pure PA6, the thermal conductivity of PA6‐GO‐Sb (100/0.05/0.25) nanocomposite increased by 258.8%. This simple and effective approach is believed to offer possibilities for broadening the graphene applications with the development of PA6‐graphene nanocomposites.
Preparation and ultrasonic characterization of modified epoxy resin/coconut shell powder biocomposites
Authors: Oral Imran , Kocaman Suheyla , Ahmetli Gulnare 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA new bio‐based epoxy resin (BER) is produced by the esterification reaction between sebacic acid (SAc) as bio‐based acid and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The epoxy resin (ER) is modified with the BER. The biocomposites are prepared using untreated coconut shell powder (CSP), modified coconut shell powder (MCSP), and MER. The CSP and MCSP particles are mixed with MER in varied compositions (10–50 wt%) for preparation of the MER/CSP and MER/MCSP biocomposites. The influences of CSP and MCSP bio‐fillers amounts on the physical properties (density, elastic constants, acoustic impedance, ultrasonic micro‐hardness, and attenuation coefficient) of biocomposites are investigated using the ultrasonic pulse‐echo overlap method (PEOM). It was seen that the densities, both ultrasonic longitudinal and shear waves' velocity values of obtained biocomposites were higher than those of the MER. All elastic moduli of the MER/MCSP biocomposites have higher values than of the neat MER and MER/CSP biocomposites.
Diselenide‐bearing crosslinked micelles‐reduced and stabilized gold nanoparticles in‐situ
Authors: Lin Wenjing , Yan Jingye , Pan Guoyi , Zhang Jieheng , Wen Liyang , Huang Quanfeng , Li Tang , Zhao Qianyi , Lin Xiaofeng , Yi Guobin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs), usually fabricated through reduction and stabilization two steps, have been widely used in biomedical field. Here, the six‐armed star copolymer was synthesized and self‐assembled into crosslinked micelles for the in‐situ preparation of GNPs in one‐step without external reductant. The copolymer and their precursors were synthesized by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP), and Michael addition reaction. Their molecular weights and structures were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR. The diselenide bond of crosslinked micelles reduced AuCl4− to GNPs, and the crosslinked micelles stabilized the GNPs in‐situ. Through increasing AuCl4− concentration, the collision probability between the GNPs increased, with particle diameters of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.0 nm. Moreover, the GNPs showed good stability, and the wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax) did not change under different dilution, temperature, and storage conditions. Furthermore, integrating dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations and scripts with experiments, the formation process of crosslinked micelles, the stabilization process, and the size regulation of GNPs at mesoscopic scale were revealed. Therefore, this stable crosslinked micelles/GNPs hybrid material is expected to be used as a nanocarrier in an integrated diagnosis and treatment system.
Insight into roles of different types of additives on mechanical and crystalline properties of polylactic acid
Authors: Zhang Ligang , Tian Hongchi , Chen Jun , Hao Yanping , Liu Yang , Sun Yawei , Duan Hongyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith people's awareness of environmental protection, the requirement of eco‐quality is increasingly demanding, particularly a more profound reflection in the field of materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a hopeful biodegradable thermoplastic material while its adverse nature restricts the practical applications. In this work, a one‐step reactive extrusion method was adopted to improve some properties of PLA by melt blending with some active additives, including commercial epoxy‐based chain extender, that is, ADR4468 of BASF, Germany; thermoplastic polyurethane thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer, that is, DN‐5380 of Dawn, China, and mineral nucleating agent talc, that is, AH250CL of Aihai, China. Their influences on mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of PLA were explored, and the detailed mechanisms were also discussed. It is found that ADR chain extender played a key role in improving the strength and rigidity of the composites, and methylenediphenyl diisocyanate type TPU elastomer could significantly enhance the toughness and ductility of PLA materials, while talc had a positive impact on regulating the cooling crystallization behavior of PLA. In particular, only trace ADR4468 (0.4 wt%) could effectively enhance its tensile and flexural strengths of neat PLA by 6.3% and 13.4%, respectively. Reactive polyurethane with 5 wt% significantly improved its elongation at break by 36.5%. The micro‐sized talc‐nucleating agent enhanced the cooling crystallization degrees to 24.7% from 4.8% for PLA blended with trace chain extender. The analysis results indicated that the functional group reactions between the active additives and PLA played key roles in improving the related properties. The output has certain reference values for PLA modification strategy, and will pave a route for endowing PLA materials with specific and required nature.
Fabrication and performance of the ammonium molybdophosphate/polysulfone mixed matrix membranes for rubidium adsorption in aqueous solution
Authors: Sun Xiufang , Wang Yi , Zhang Haiyan , Shen Yi , Shi Qiang , Chen Huanhuan , Sun Jiankui , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe separation of the rare and precious metal rubidium is still a challenge to hydrometallurgy and material science. A novel ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP)/polysulfone (PSf) mixed matrix membrane for rubidium adsorption and separation was prepared successfully by NIPs method via immobilizing AMP into the PSf porous membrane. FTIR, XRD, SEM tests indicate that AMP is embedded into the PSf matrix, and its crystalline structure remains intact. WCA tests show that the membrane surfaces are more and more hydrophilicity with the AMP blending content increasing. The fluxes increase approximately linearly from 210.2 to 370.2 L m−2 h−1 with the AMP content while the bovine serum albu rejections decrease from 97.8% to 88.5%. The Rb+ adsorption capacities of the membranes studied as a function of contact time, pH, Rb+ concentration, temperature, presence of various interference ions, and the Rb+ capacity is up to 98.4 mg g−1 at the optimal adsorption conditions. The Rb+ adsorption on the AMP/PSf porous membrane complies with Langmuir adsorption isotherms and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Finally, the reusability in Rb+ adsorption of the AMP/PSf porous membrane is investigated, and the recovery rate can still be maintained above 95% after five adsorption–desorption recycles.
Antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and tumor‐suppressing effects of the novel anticancer agent alsevirone in prostate cancer cells and xenografts
Authors: Khan Irina I. , Karshieva Saida S. , Sokolova Darina V. , Spirina Tatiana S. , Zolottsev Vladimir A. , Latysheva Alexandra S. , Anisimova Natalia Y. , Komarova Marina V. , Yakunina Marina N. , Nitetskaya Tatiana A. , Misharin Alexander Y. , Pokrovsky Vadim S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of action of alsevirone in prostate cancer (PC) in vitro and in vivo: CYP17A1 inhibition, cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antitumor effects in comparison with abiraterone. The CYP17A1‐inhibitory activity was investigated in rat testicular microsomes using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Testosterone levels were evaluated using enzyme‐linked immunoassay. IC50 values were calculated for PC3, DU‐145, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 cells using the MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test. The antitumor effect in vivo was studied in DU‐145 and 22Rv1 subcutaneous xenografts in Balb/c nude mice. Alsevirone reduced the CYP17A1‐inhibitory activity by 98% ± 0.2%. A statistically significant reduction in the testosterone concentration in murine blood was recorded after the 7th administration of 300 mg/kg alsevirone at 0.31 ± 0.03 ng/ml (p < .001) versus 0.98 ± 0.22 ng/ml (p = .392) after abiraterone administration and 1.52 ± 0.49 ng/ml in control animals. Alsevirone was more cytotoxic than abiraterone in DU‐145, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 cells, with IC50 values of 23.80 ± 1.18 versus 151.43 ± 23.70 μM, 22.87 ± 0.54 versus 28.80 ± 1.61 μM, and 35.86 ± 5.63 versus 109.87 ± 35.15 μM, respectively. Alsevirone and abiraterone significantly increased annexin V‐positive, caspase 3/7‐positive, and activated Bcl‐2‐positive cells. In 22Rv1 xenografts, alsevirone 300 mg/kg × 10/24 h per os inhibited tumor growth: on Day 9 of treatment, tumor growth inhibition = 59% (p = .022). Thus, alsevirone demonstrated significant antitumor activity associated with CYP17A1 inhibition, apoptosis in PC cells, and testosterone reduction.