bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptional longevity in a lightly exploited, semi‐anadromous clupeid (Perth herring Nematalosa vlaminghi) within a degraded estuarine environment
Authors: Smith Kimberley A. , Coulson Peter G. , Hesp S. Alex 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany anadromous (and semi‐anadromous) fish species, which migrate from marine to freshwater ecosystems to spawn and to complete their life cycle, are currently threatened by habitat degradation in the upper parts of estuaries and rivers, where spawning and juvenile nursery areas occur. This situation pertains to Nematalosa vlaminghi, a semi‐anadromous gizzard shad (Clupeidae: Dorosomatinae) endemic to south‐western Australia. More information on the biology of N. vlaminghi is required for its effective management and conservation. This study estimated growth, longevity and natural mortality of N. vlaminghi. Ages were determined by counting validated annual growth increments in thin sections of sagittal otoliths. Fish were sampled in the Swan‐Canning Estuary, which historically hosted the main commercial fishery for N. vlaminghi. Since the late 1990s, however, only very minor catches of this species have been taken from this estuary and none since 2007. Given the essentially unexploited state of the current population, the estimate of total mortality (Z, y−1) from the catch curve analysis in this study provides a direct estimate of natural mortality (M, y−1) for N. vlaminghi. Somatic growth during this study was substantially slower than that historically reported for N. vlaminghi. Various processes operating in this estuary since the 1970s may have contributed to slower growth, including increased hypoxia, higher primary productivity due to eutrophication and cessation of fishing for N. vlaminghi. The maximum observed age of 19.8 years for N. vlaminghi is the highest reported for any gizzard shad globally and one of the highest reported for any clupeid species. This exceptional longevity is likely part of a life‐history strategy that allows N. vlaminghi, which exhibits substantial variation in annual recruitment success, to persist in the intermittently closed estuaries of south‐western Australia where environmental factors, including low flow and hypoxia, can create unfavourable conditions for reproduction for extended periods.
State‐level material flow analysis suggests the need to reconsider current monitoring practice and mitigation policies for poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances in carpet
Authors: Jiang Daqian , Zhang Tianyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe use of per‐‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in consumer products are under scrutiny due to persistence and toxicity concerns, and large‐scale monitoring is being implemented to better estimate and manage the associated risks. However, current monitoring efforts are often conducted independently from regional material flow analysis (MFA), leaving missed opportunities for monitoring to generate data more compatible with MFA, and to benefit from the insights that can be generated by MFA. This study aims to bridge the gap by quantitatively evaluating the sensitivity of state‐level PFAS emissions from carpet to two emission models and seven input parameters. While this exercise is theoretical in nature, it demonstrates the synergies from connecting the often disparate monitoring efforts and regional MFA. Most notably, this study finds that the widely‐followed linear emission reporting would suggest that current mitigation policies (e.g., regulating the PFAS use in carpet production) are ineffective at reducing PFAS emissions from in‐use and landfilled carpet – defeating one of the key purposes, but the hypothetical first‐order emission model would suggest the opposite. The contrast points out the need for future monitoring efforts to prioritize the confirmation of the “true” emission models, including but not limited to the ones examined herein, which will improve the usability of PFAS monitoring in MFA, risk assessment and policy design, and vice versa.
Sexual dimorphism in the first rib of Homo sapiens
Authors: Arlegi Mikel , García‐Sagastibelza Andrea , Veschambre‐Couture Christine , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to study sexual dimorphism in the first rib of modern humans, with a special focus on whether differences in shape are due to divergent allometric growth in males and females. Also, we compare the accuracy of sex classification using different approaches based on two methodologies, traditional morphometry based on linear measurements and geometric morphometric analysis based on 2D landmark coordinates. The sample studied here comprised 121 right and left first ribs from 65 female and male adult recent Euro‐American Homo sapiens individuals. For traditional morphometrics, 12 metric variables were collected from each rib using a digital caliper, and for geometric morphometrics, six landmarks and 31 semilandmarks were captured from photographs using digital software. Both geometric morphometric and metric data were analyzed to calculate the index of sexual dimorphism, variation related to lateral asymmetry, variation in size and shape, and allometric trends between males and females. Finally, a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed comparing both methodologies to test the best approach for sex classification. Results indicated that there are significant sex differences in the size and shape of the first ribs of recent Euro‐American Homo sapiens. Regression analysis revealed different allometric patterns for males and females, and this could partially explain shape differences between sexes. Additionally, traditional morphometrics showed that all characteristics analyzed are significantly dimorphic, with the midshaft minimum craniocaudal diameter, the sternal end minimum diameter, and the neck minimum craniocaudal diameter displaying the most dimorphic scores. Similarly, geometric morphometrics results indicated that males have more curved and interno‐exteriorly wider first ribs. Finally, analysis of sex classification using LDA yielded slightly better accuracy for traditional morphometry (83.8%) than the geometric morphometrics approach (81.3%) based on form Procrustes coordinates. This study demonstrates the usefulness of applying two different morphometric approaches to obtain more comprehensive results.
A school rampage threatens beliefs in justice: A longitudinal study of the belief in a just world among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Stupnianek Kotryna , Wu Michael Shengtao , Schmitt Manfred 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe current study examined whether and how severe injustice such as a school attack threatens the belief in a just world (BJW).MethodWe collected longitudinal data on the BJW from adolescents in China who witnessed random school attacks on the news (N = 227).ResultsChange analyses provided evidence that the BJW increased after witnessing severe injustice. Furthermore, we tested for moderating effects of buffer variables, such as life satisfaction and perceived social support, on change in the BJW. Findings showed that these variables buffered the threat to the BJW after observing unfairness.DiscussionWe discuss these results in the context of justice motive theory and suggest implications for future research and practical implications.
A qualitative content analysis of an online forum for people with kidney disease: Exploring the role of companion and non‐companion animals
Authors: Jackson Tara , Chur‐Hansen Anna , Duncanson Emily , Jesudason Shilpanjali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompanion and other animals have been known to promote wellbeing of people living with chronic disease by assisting in emotional regulation, social interaction and enhancing self‐identity. However, little is known about the impact of animals on people with kidney disease, who often live with treatment burden, as well as compromised immune systems making them vulnerable to zoonotic diseases.ObjectivesTo explore the impact companion and non‐companion animals have on the lives of people living with kidney disease.DesignQualitative Content Analysis of 518 posts from an online forum.ParticipantsOne hundred seventy‐two people (109 female, 41 male and 22 unknown) posting to an online forum for people undergoing kidney dialysis.ResultsBenefits of bonds with animals included reciprocal love and affection, emotional support, stress reduction, aiding relaxation, assisting social interaction, animals' intuitive comfort when unwell, feelings of loyalty, and motivation to live, concerns relating to zoonotic disease risk, and patients' impressions of health professionals' opinions on animals.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the existence of strong bonds between humans and animals, as well as demonstrating the importance of and concerns regarding interacting with non‐companion animals for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is a mismatch between patients' perception of infection risk and the advice and opinions of some healthcare professionals. Recognition and support for the role of animals as social supports are warranted in history taking, patient education of risk, and the biopsychosocial benefits of animals.
High prevalence of CFHR deletions in Indian women with pregnancy‐associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Kandari Sharon , Chakurkar Vipul , Gaikwad Snehal , Agarwal Meenal , Phadke Nikhil , Lobo Valentine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimPregnancy‐associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (P‐aHUS) is an important cause of peripartum acute kidney injury. Studies from Europe have described mutations in complement regulator genes, and data in Indian patients is scarce. Hence this study used multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) to identify variants in complement genes in P‐aHUS patients.MethodsWe present 17 patients of P‐aHUS who were investigated for complement protein levels and genetic analysis with MLPA for complement genes. Plasma exchange therapy was offered to all patients presenting in acute phase.ResultsMean age 26.74 (3.36) years with 15/17 delivered by caesarean section. Eleven patients received early (within 7 days) plasma exchange, three were dialysis‐dependent at 3 months and seven were dialysis‐free. Only one of the three patients receiving late (after 7 days) plasma exchange was dialysis‐free. MLPA showed that 11 patients had heterozygous deletions of exons 3, 5, 6 of CFHR1 and upstream region of exons 1, 2, 3, 6 and intron 4 of CFHR3 gene while four patients had homozygous deletions at the same loci. Two patients had no MLPA‐detectable variations.ConclusionThis study reports a high proportion of deletions of exons of CFHR1 & CFHR3 genes in Indian P‐aHUS patients detectable by MLPA by copy number variations. This needs confirmation in large multicentre studies. Plasma exchange can be an effective therapy in the non‐availability of Eculizumab.
Transgender adolescent and young adult suicide: A bioecological perspective
Authors: Anderson Avery M. , Ford Jodi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSuicide is a public health crisis disproportionately affecting transgender adolescents and young adults. There are gaps in research evaluating this phenomenon using a multilevel, life‐course approach. The following paper will provide an overview of the current models of suicide, critique their applicability to understanding suicide among transgender youth, and discuss how using a bioecological systems approach will help to advance our understanding of suicide among transgender youth. Transgender adolescents and young adults often face unique combinations of interpersonal and intrapersonal challenges that require managing a stark misalignment of social characters, expectations, and roles. These factors are imposed by the complex interactions and influences of the bioecological systems in which transgender adolescents and young adults are situated. Future research is needed to elucidate the characteristics of bioecological adversity faced by this vulnerable population. Identification of these relationships are likely to highlight effective targets for multilevel interventions aimed at preventing suicide.
Cutting tree rings into time slices: how intra‐annual dynamics of wood formation help decipher the space‐for‐time conversion
Authors: Pérez‐de‐Lis Gonzalo , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. , Fernández‐de‐Uña Laura , Ponton Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Tree‐ring anatomy, microdensity and isotope records provide valuable intra‐annual information. However, extracting signals at that scale is challenged by the complexity of xylogenesis, where two major processes – cell enlargement and wall thickening – occur at different times and rates.

We characterized the space‐for‐time association in the tree rings of three conifer species by examining the duration, overlapping, inter‐tree synchronicity and interannual stability during cell enlargement and wall thickening across regular tree‐ring sectors (portions of equal tangential width).

The number of cells and cell differentiation rates determined the duration of sector formation, which augmented more rapidly throughout the ring for wall thickening than for enlargement. Increasing the number of sectors above c. 15 had a limited effect on improving time resolution because consecutive sector formation overlapped greatly in time, especially in narrow rings and during wall thickening. Increasing the number of sectors also resulted in lower synchronicity and stability of intermediate‐sector enlargement, whereas all sectors showed high synchronicity and stability during wall thickening.

Increasing the number of sectors had a stronger effect on enhancing time‐series resolution for enlargement‐ than for wall‐thickening‐related traits, which would nevertheless produce more reliable intra‐annual chronologies as a result of the more similar calendars across trees and years in wall thickening.
Ecological generalism drives hyperdiversity of secondary metabolite gene clusters in xylarialean endophytes
Authors: Franco Mario E. E. , Wisecaver Jennifer H. , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Ju Yu‐Ming , Slot Jason C. , Ahrendt Steven , Moore Lillian P. , Eastman Katharine E. , Scott Kelsey , Konkel Zachary , Mondo Stephen J. , Kuo Alan , Hayes Richard D. , Haridas Sajeet , Andreopoulos Bill , Riley Robert , LaButti Kurt , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Amirebrahimi Mojgan , Yan Juying , Adam Catherine , Keymanesh Keykhosrow , Ng Vivian , Louie Katherine , Northen Trent , Drula Elodie , Henrissat Bernard , Hsieh Huei‐Mei , Youens‐Clark Ken , Lutzoni François , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Eastwood Daniel C. , Hamelin Richard C. , Grigoriev Igor V. , U’Ren Jana M. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Although secondary metabolites are typically associated with competitive or pathogenic interactions, the high bioactivity of endophytic fungi in the Xylariales, coupled with their abundance and broad host ranges spanning all lineages of land plants and lichens, suggests that enhanced secondary metabolism might facilitate symbioses with phylogenetically diverse hosts.

Here, we examined secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs) across 96 Xylariales genomes in two clades (Xylariaceae s.l. and Hypoxylaceae), including 88 newly sequenced genomes of endophytes and closely related saprotrophs and pathogens. We paired genomic data with extensive metadata on endophyte hosts and substrates, enabling us to examine genomic factors related to the breadth of symbiotic interactions and ecological roles.

All genomes contain hyperabundant SMGCs; however, Xylariaceae have increased numbers of gene duplications, horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) and SMGCs. Enhanced metabolic diversity of endophytes is associated with a greater diversity of hosts and increased capacity for lignocellulose decomposition.

Our results suggest that, as host and substrate generalists, Xylariaceae endophytes experience greater selection to diversify SMGCs compared with more ecologically specialised Hypoxylaceae species. Overall, our results provide new evidence that SMGCs may facilitate symbiosis with phylogenetically diverse hosts, highlighting the importance of microbial symbioses to drive fungal metabolic diversity.
Tropical Storms and Temporary Migration in Vietnam
Authors: Berlemann Michael , Tran Thi Xuyen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we provide the first household‐level empirical multievent study of temporary internal migration as a consequence of tropical storms. In order to do, so we combine three waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey with geo‐referenced tropical cyclone data from the Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Based on the resulting panel dataset, we study temporary emigration patterns evolving in the aftermath of occurring storms in the sample communes. We find robust empirical evidence in favor of a significant push effect on temporary migration. Occurring storms increase the likelihood that a household sends members to other regions in Vietnam. Storms also tend to increase the number of absent household members and absence time. Moreover, we show that occurring storms increase both seasonal and long‐term absences.
Congenital anomalies of the large intrathoracic airways
Authors: Johansen Mathias , Veyckemans Francis , Engelhardt Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCongenital lung lesions are numerous but rare in individual clinical practice. They do require close multidisciplinary collaboration between health care professionals. This educational review will focus on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, surgical approaches, and anesthetic management of congenital anomalies of the large intrathoracic airways: congenital tracheal stenosis, tracheal agenesis, tracheal diverticulum, bronchial anomalies (tracheal, esophageal, or bridging bronchus), congenital lung malformations, lung sequestrations and Scimitar syndrome, lobar emphysema, Williams–Campbell syndrome, and pleuropulmonary blastoma. In addition, this review will illustrate common pitfalls and challenges related to the anesthesia management with emphasis on ventilation and correct endotracheal tube positioning.
Lost to follow‐up in the Norwegian mother, father and child cohort study
Authors: Vejrup Kristine , Magnus Per , Magnus Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of pregnancy cohorts was to understand causes and development of health and disease throughout the life course. A major challenge in cohort studies is to avoid selection bias from loss to follow‐up.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe what characterises drop out from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and provide a resource to inform the interpretation of results from analysis of cohort data.MethodsWe estimated loss to follow‐up in subsets of participants that responded to questionnaire waves in MoBa through an eight‐year period and described characteristics of participants who responded to follow‐ups. Within each wave of questionnaires, we estimated two exposure‐outcome associations: the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring birthweight, and between educational level and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI). We explored the use of inverse probability weighting to correct the bias due to loss to follow‐up.ResultsParticipants who continued to respond were older, higher educated, less likely to smoke and had lower BMI. We observed a decline in participation of current smokers from 22.3% to 17.5%, and participants who reported an unplanned pregnancy dropped from 19.2% to 16.4%. There was a gradual decline in the inverse relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring birthweight with increasing follow‐up information, indicating that selection bias due to drop out resulted in lower effect estimates. For the relationship between parental educational level and BMI, the inverse association increased with amount of follow‐up information, indicating that the selection bias resulted in higher effect estimates. Inverse probability weighting did not completely correct the estimates for bias due to loss to follow‐up.ConclusionsParticipants who remain cohort members are different from subjects who drop out. Users of large cohorts should be aware of selective loss to follow‐up and consider imputation or weighting to account for loss to follow‐up when analysing questionnaire responses.
EU integration and structural gravity: A comprehensive quantification of the border effect on trade
Authors: Spornberger Julia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study delivers a comprehensive picture of EU trade integration in manufactured goods using a structural gravity framework together with a flexible two‐step estimation approach. With panel data, time‐invariant effects on trade are typically absorbed by fixed effects. This paper shows how to include both time‐variant and time‐invariant effects on trade into general equilibrium counterfactual experiments. Results show that the time‐invariant effects or, in other words, the initial integration degree of the incumbent EU‐15 members should not be neglected as it already increased intra‐EU trade shares by 70% until 1995. Since then, trade integration has not deepened for the EU‐15, while trade shares among the newly joined central and eastern EU members doubled. A further deepening of the Single Market could potentially unlock another 50% increase in trade and around 3% in welfare (real income).
Shoreline migration paths and depositional architecture of early–mid Miocene deltaic clinoforms in response to sea‐level changes in the north‐eastern shelf margin, South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lin Changsong , Zhang Zhongtao , Feng Xuan , Zhang Bo , Bei Ruiming , Shu Liangfeng , Jiang Jing , Xing Zuochang , Sun Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractShoreline trajectory analysis improves the understanding of the correlation between clinoform architecture, shoreline and shelf‐edge development, and sea‐level changes. This study uses cores, well‐logs and seismic data to investigate the depositional architecture and shoreline migration paths of early−mid Miocene deltaic clinoforms in the northern Pearl River Mouth basin, South China Sea. Five clinoform types are observed, including sigmoidal, oblique, tangential oblique, parallel oblique and sigmoidal‐oblique clinoforms. Both the rollovers of deltaic clinoforms in seismic sections and the transitional points between delta plain and delta front deposits in well correlation cross‐sections can be used as the indicators for shoreline positions, provided that there are no significantly extended subaqueous deltas. This allows for the identification of three shoreline trajectory types from a single clinoform set and three major stages from the net shoreline trajectory for multiple clinoform sets. A landward‐directed net shoreline trajectory and ascending shoreline trajectories dominate in Stage 1 (23.8 to 17.5 Ma) with sigmoidal clinoforms transitioning into parallel oblique clinoforms, suggesting a rise in third and fourth‐order relative sea level. Stage 2 (17.5 to 13.8 Ma) displays flat or descending trajectories and an overall seaward‐directed net trajectory with a change from parallel to tangential oblique clinoform, indicating a relative sea‐level fall. The reoccurrence of sea‐level rise in Stage 3 (13.8 to 10.5 Ma) was inferred by a landward migration of parallel oblique clinoforms. This study shows that shoreline trajectory and net shoreline trajectory plotted from both seismic and well data is consistent with the regional sea‐level curves estimated from foraminiferal fossil records and the shelf‐edge development, which can be used to estimate the third and fourth‐order relative sea‐level changes in passive margins with wide, low‐gradient shelves. Furthermore, clinoform architecture and migration may have been controlled by the variations of subsidence/uplift and sediment supply produced by tectonic events.