bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of gum consumption on blood pressure as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of controlled trials
Authors: Shao Baowei , Li Haijie , Zhang Pengfei , Teng Xilong , Wang Honglu , Verdi Thais , Bhat Latha T. , Zhang Fengquan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Guar gum has been used in the management of hypercholesterolemia, constipation, weight loss, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Our aim was to verify the hypothesis that Guar gum can be used as an alternative to pharmacological agents in the treatment of mild hypertension. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of Guar gum in reducing blood pressure. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for studies published in the English language up to June 2020 which evaluated the effects of gum consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Nine randomized clinical trials with suitable comparison groups (placebo/control) reported SBP and DBP as outcome measures. These trials involved in total 640 participants. The overall results indicated that the consumption of gum resulted in a significant change in SBP (WMD: −1.190 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.011, −0.370) and DBP (WMD: −1.101 mmHg, 95% CI: −1.597, −0.605). Moreover, the greatest reduction in blood pressure was seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome who consumed Guar gum (WMD: −3.375 mmHg). In addition, there was a significant decrease in SBP if the gum dosage was > 15 g (WMD: −6.637 mmHg) and if the intervention duration was > 12 weeks (WMD: −1.668 mmHg). The results of the present dose-response meta-analysis support the employment of gum consumption in the reduction of SBP and DBP. Based on the sub-group analyses, we highlight that the greatest decrease in SBP was experienced if the gum dosage was > 15 g and when the intervention lasted > 12 weeks.
Eddies Connect the Tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Huang Minghai , Liang Xinfeng , Zhu Yingli , Liu Yonggang , Weisberg Robert H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNumerical circulation modeling and observational studies have been conducted to understand the Loop Current (LC) system behaviors in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). One of the factors that may influence the LC are upstream eddies from within the Caribbean Sea. By combining satellite altimetry, sea surface salinity and ocean color data, we demonstrate that mesoscale eddies from the western tropical Atlantic Ocean can eventually make their way to the Gulf of Mexico and likely affect the LC. In addition, our study shows that freshwater of Amazon and Orinoco River origin trapped within mesoscale eddies can also enter the GoM, potentially affecting the GoM stratification. This study provides insights into understanding variations of the LC system and showcases the roles of mesoscale eddies in connecting the open ocean and regional seas.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability in the Sea Surface Temperature Front in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Liu Jin , Liu Hailong , Lin Pengfei , Yuan Yeping , Chai Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFifteen years of satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) are used to identify frontal activities in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The frontogenesis and variability of frontal activities are mainly determined by wind forces. Strong frontal activities are distributed mainly near the coast and decrease with increasing offshore distance. The seasonal cycle dominates the variability in the SST frontal probability (FP) in coastal regions, and large interannual variability is identified in the tropics. Coastal frontal activities are driven by the local wind such that the equatorward wind stress forces coastal upwelling, which brings subsurface cold water to the surface and induces fronts. Frontal activities are generally enhanced during local summer, when an upwelling‐favorable wind prevails. A prominent offshore migration pattern is identified for mid‐latitude regions, and the associated propagation speed is consistent with the wind‐induced offshore Ekman transport and mesoscale eddies. The coastal tropical Pacific is also characterized by a strong FP with large seasonal variability. The corresponding fronts result from the confluence between the boundary current and wind‐driven cold water as the wind jet passes through mountain gaps. The frontal activities near the equator are driven by wind‐induced tropical upwelling associated with a westward propagation at speeds close to the speed of Rossby waves. In the tropics, strong interannual variability in FP is identified that is, modulated by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Frontal activities are suppressed during El Niño years because trade winds are characterized by strong convergence, which induces downwelling and subsequently reduces FP.
A Local Split‐Step Wavelet Method for the Long Range Propagation Simulation in 2D
Authors: Bonnafont Thomas , Douvenot Rémi , Chabory Alexandre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractModeling long‐range propagation of electromagnetic waves is necessary to study the performance of systems, for applications such as radar or navigation. Such models generally rely on split‐step Fourier (SSF) because large mesh sizes can be used. The split‐step wavelet method (SSW) is a recently developed method allowing to perform the same simulations as with SSF but in a shorter computation time. This method requires the pre‐computation of a free‐space propagator. Up to now, one limitation of SSW is that the steps must remain constant during the propagation. In this study, we propose an improvement of SSW in terms of memory size and versatility. This improvement relies on the use of a set of propagators, that is, the propagation of elementary wavelets. The limited support of wavelets renders the computation of the set of propagators fast, approximately as fast as one step of propagation with SSW. First, a numerical test shows the advantage in terms of computation time. Second, a numerical experience shows the advantage in terms of memory. Finally, the SSW method is applied as the direct method for a radio occultation configuration.
Lorentzian Filter Correction of Turbulence Measurements on Oscillating Floating Platforms: Impact on Wind Spectra and Eddy‐Covariance Fluxes
Authors: Ezraty R. , Mor Z. , Bodzin R. , Assouline S. , Tanny J. , Fratini G. , Griessbaum F. , Lensky N. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTurbulence and eddy‐covariance measurements on a floating platform over water surfaces can be contaminated by platform oscillations, which may affect the calculated air‐water exchange. The conventional method for decontamination of the platform oscillations from the wind velocity measurements requires the installation of an additional sensitive, and often costly, motion sensor. This paper examines a new mathematical decontamination method, termed Lorentzian filter, which avoids the need for such an instrument. The method, based on the Lorentzian function, capitalizes on the pseudo‐harmonic behavior of the platform oscillations and reduces the amplitude of turbulent wind velocity data detected as artifacts at the specific natural frequencies of the platform. The Lorentzian filter was applied to wind velocity data measured by sonic anemometer and eddy‐covariance system over the Dead Sea, Israel, for 30 days. We examined two approaches of dealing with motion contamination: Lorentzian filter decontamination and motion sensor decontamination. Both approaches were compared to nonfiltered raw wind velocity as well. Using the 3D wind velocity series, we examined the wind spectra, the cospectra of water vapor concentration and horizontal wind speed with vertical wind speed, and H2O and momentum fluxes. The Lorentzian filter performed very well in decontaminating the wind spectrum, meaning that it efficiently identified the contamination in the natural oscillation frequency and returned a decontaminated wind velocity time series. The cospectra and fluxes were less prone to the contamination of platform oscillations, presumably due to low correlations between the spurious wind velocity components and other measured scalars, such as water vapor.
Risk assessment analysis for maternal autoantibody-related autism (MAR-ASD): a subtype of autism
Authors: Ramirez-Celis Alexandra , Becker Martin , Nuño Miriam , Schauer Joseph , Aghaeepour Nima , Van de Water Judy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been rising, however ASD-risk biomarkers remain lacking. We previously identified the presence of maternal autoantibodies to fetal brain proteins specific to ASD, now termed maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) ASD. The current study aimed to create and validate a serological assay to identify ASD-specific maternal autoantibody patterns of reactivity against eight previously identified proteins (CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA, NSE, LDHA, LDHB, STIP1, and YBOX) that are highly expressed in developing brain, and determine the relationship of these reactivity patterns with ASD outcome severity. We used plasma from mothers of children diagnosed with ASD (n = 450) and from typically developing children (TD, n = 342) to develop an ELISA test for each of the protein antigens. We then determined patterns of reactivity a highly significant association with ASD, and discovered several patterns that were ASD-specific (18% in the training set and 10% in the validation set vs. 0% TD). The three main patterns associated with MAR ASD are CRMP1 + GDA (ASD% = 4.2 vs. TD% = 0, OR 31.04, p = <0.0001), CRMP1 + CRMP2 (ASD% = 3.6 vs. TD% = 0, OR 26.08, p = 0.0005) and NSE + STIP1 (ASD% = 3.1 vs. TD% = 0, OR 22.82, p = 0.0001). Additionally, we found that maternal autoantibody reactivity to CRMP1 significantly increases the odds of a child having a higher Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) severity score (OR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.358–3.987, p = 0.0021). This is the first report that uses machine learning subgroup discovery to identify with 100% accuracy MAR ASD-specific patterns as potential biomarkers of risk for a subset of up to 18% of ASD cases in this study population.
Essential role for autophagy protein VMP1 in maintaining neuronal homeostasis and preventing axonal degeneration
Authors: Wang Panpan , Chen Xi , Wang Yuanyuan , Jia Congcong , Liu Xinyao , Wang Ying , Wu Haifeng , Cai Huaibin , Shen Han-Ming , Le Weidong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized autophagy protein, plays a key role during the autophagy process in mammalian cells. To study the impact of VMP1-deficiency on midbrain dopaminergic (mDAergic) neurons, we selectively deleted VMP1 in the mDAergic neurons of VMP1fl/fl/DATCreERT2 bigenic mice using a tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2/loxp gene targeting system. The VMP1fl/fl/DATCreERT2 mice developed progressive motor deficits, concomitant with a profound loss of mDAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and a high presynaptic accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the enlarged terminals. Mechanistic studies showed that VMP1 deficiency in the mDAergic neurons led to the increased number of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-labeled (LC3) puncta and the accumulation of sequestosome 1/p62 aggregates in the SNc neurons, suggesting the impairment of autophagic flux in these neurons. Furthermore, VMP1 deficiency resulted in multiple cellular abnormalities, including large vacuolar-like structures (LVSs), damaged mitochondria, swollen ER, and the accumulation of ubiquitin+ aggregates. Together, our studies reveal a previously unknown role of VMP1 in modulating neuronal survival and maintaining axonal homeostasis, which suggests that VMP1 deficiency might contribute to mDAergic neurodegeneration via the autophagy pathway.
Circ-NOLC1 promotes epithelial ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and progression by binding ESRP1 and modulating CDK1 and RhoA expression
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wu Wu , Li Qian-hui , Xie Bu-min , Shen Fan , Du Yu-ping , Zong Zhi-hong , Wang Li-li , Wei Xiao-qing , Zhao Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in cancer tumorigenesis and progression, representing prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this case, we demonstrated the role of circ-NOLC1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Our results have shown that Circ-NOLC1 expression was higher in EOC tissues than in normal tissues, and was positively associated with FIGO stage, differentiation. Among ovarian cancer cell lines, circ-NOLC1 expression was the highest in A2780, and lowest in CAOV3. Overexpression of circ-NOLC1 in CAOV3 cells increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability, whereas silencing of circ-NOLC1 in A2780 cells had the opposite effect: however, neither circ-NOLC1 downregulation nor overexpression influenced NOLC1 mRNA expression. In nude mice with subcutaneous tumors, circ-NOLC1 downregulation decreased tumor growth. Bioinformatic analysis and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation showed that circ-NOLC1 could bind to ESRP1. In addition, the overexpression of circ-NOLC1 significantly increased ESRP1, RhoA, and CDK1 protein and mRNA expression level; circ-NOLC1 downregulation had the opposite effects. The tumor-promoting effect of circ-NOLC1 was inhibited by knockdown of ESRP1, CDK1, or RhoA expression in circ-NOLC1-overexpressing cells, which might act by modulating RhoA and CDK1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Circ-NOLC1 might promote EOC tumorigenesis and development by binding ESRP1 and modulating CDK1 and RhoA expression.
Phosphorus(III)-assisted regioselective C–H silylation of heteroarenes
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Chen Xiangyang , Wong Jonathan J. , Jin Liqun , Li Mingjie , Zhao Yue , Houk K. N. , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHeteroarenes containing carbon–silicon (C–Si) bonds are important building blocks that play an important role in the construction of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and organic materials. In this context, the C–H silylation of heteroarenes is a topic of intense interest. Indole C–H silylation can preferentially occur at the nucleophilic C3 and C2 position (pyrrole core), while accessing the C4-C7 positions (benzene core) of the indole remains highly challenging. Here, we show a general strategy for the regioselective C7-H silylation of indole derivatives. Mainly, the regioselectivity is determined by strong coordination of the palladium catalyst with phosphorus (III) directing group. Using this expedient synthetic strategy, the diverse C7-silylated indoles are synthesized effectively which exhibits the broad functional group compatibility. Moreover, this protocol also been extended to other heteroarenes such as carbazoles. The obtained silylated indoles have been employed in various transformations to enable the corresponding differently functionalized indole derivatives. Significantly, a cyclopalladated intermediate is successfully synthesized to test the hypothesis about the P(III)-directed C–H metalation event. A series of mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (M06-2X) calculations has shown the preferred pathway of this directed C–H silylation process.
Profiling serum antibodies with a pan allergen phage library identifies key wheat allergy epitopes
Authors: Monaco Daniel R. , Sie Brandon M. , Nirschl Thomas R. , Knight Audrey C. , Sampson Hugh A. , Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna , Wood Robert A. , Hamilton Robert G. , Frischmeyer-Guerrerio Pamela A. , Larman H. Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAllergic reactions occur when IgE molecules become crosslinked by antigens such as food proteins. Here we create the ‘AllerScan’ programmable phage display system to characterize the binding specificities of anti-allergen IgG and IgE antibodies in serum against thousands of allergenic proteins from hundreds of organisms at peptide resolution. Using AllerScan, we identify robust anti-wheat IgE reactivities in wheat allergic individuals but not in wheat-sensitized individuals. Meanwhile, a key wheat epitope in alpha purothionin elicits dominant IgE responses among allergic patients, and frequent IgG responses among sensitized and non-allergic patients. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial shows that alpha purothionin reactivity, among others, is strongly modulated by oral immunotherapy in tolerized individuals. AllerScan may thus serve as a high-throughput platform for unbiased analysis of anti-allergen antibody specificities.
SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques
Authors: Shaan Lakshmanappa Yashavanth , Elizaldi Sonny R. , Roh Jamin W. , Schmidt Brian A. , Carroll Timothy D. , Weaver Kourtney D. , Smith Justin C. , Verma Anil , Deere Jesse D. , Dutra Joseph , Stone Mars , Franz Sergej , Sammak Rebecca Lee , Olstad Katherine J. , Rachel Reader J. , Ma Zhong-Min , Nguyen Nancy K. , Watanabe Jennifer , Usachenko Jodie , Immareddy Ramya , Yee JoAnn L. , Weiskopf Daniela , Sette Alessandro , Hartigan-O’Connor Dennis , McSorley Stephen J. , Morrison John H. , Tran Nam K. , Simmons Graham , Busch Michael P. , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Van Rompay Koen K. A. , Miller Christopher J. , Iyer Smita S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important for the generation of durable and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates Tfh cells and stimulates the germinal center (GC) response is an important question as we investigate vaccine induced immunity against COVID-19. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques, either infused with convalescent plasma, normal plasma, or receiving no infusion, resulted in transient accumulation of pro-inflammatory monocytes and proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood. CD4 helper cell responses skewed predominantly toward a Th1 response in blood, lung, and lymph nodes. SARS-CoV-2 Infection induced GC Tfh cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and a corresponding early appearance of antiviral serum IgG antibodies. Collectively, the data show induction of GC responses in a rhesus model of mild COVID-19.
A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses
Authors: Tan Tiong Kit , Rijal Pramila , Rahikainen Rolle , Keeble Anthony H. , Schimanski Lisa , Hussain Saira , Harvey Ruth , Hayes Jack W. P. , Edwards Jane C. , McLean Rebecca K. , Martini Veronica , Pedrera Miriam , Thakur Nazia , Conceicao Carina , Dietrich Isabelle , Shelton Holly , Ludi Anna , Wilsden Ginette , Browning Clare , Zagrajek Adrian K. , Bialy Dagmara , Bhat Sushant , Stevenson-Leggett Phoebe , Hollinghurst Philippa , Tully Matthew , Moffat Katy , Chiu Chris , Waters Ryan , Gray Ashley , Azhar Mehreen , Mioulet Valerie , Newman Joseph , Asfor Amin S. , Burman Alison , Crossley Sylvia , Hammond John A. , Tchilian Elma , Charleston Bryan , Bailey Dalan , Tuthill Tobias J. , Graham Simon P. , Duyvesteyn Helen M. E. , Malinauskas Tomas , Huo Jiandong , Tree Julia A. , Buttigieg Karen R. , Owens Raymond J. , Carroll Miles W. , Daniels Rodney S. , McCauley John W. , Stuart David I. , Huang Kuan-Ying A. , Howarth Mark , Townsend Alain R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is need for effective and affordable vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to tackle the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we describe a protein nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine is based on the display of coronavirus spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) on a synthetic virus-like particle (VLP) platform, SpyCatcher003-mi3, using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Low doses of RBD-SpyVLP in a prime-boost regimen induce a strong neutralising antibody response in mice and pigs that is superior to convalescent human sera. We evaluate antibody quality using ACE2 blocking and neutralisation of cell infection by pseudovirus or wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Using competition assays with a monoclonal antibody panel, we show that RBD-SpyVLP induces a polyclonal antibody response that recognises key epitopes on the RBD, reducing the likelihood of selecting neutralisation-escape mutants. Moreover, RBD-SpyVLP is thermostable and can be lyophilised without losing immunogenicity, to facilitate global distribution and reduce cold-chain dependence. The data suggests that RBD-SpyVLP provides strong potential to address clinical and logistic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adsorption separation of heavier isotope gases in subnanometer carbon pores
Authors: Ujjain Sanjeev Kumar , Bagusetty Abhishek , Matsuda Yuki , Tanaka Hideki , Ahuja Preety , de Tomas Carla , Sakai Motomu , Vallejos-Burgos Fernando , Futamura Ryusuke , Suarez-Martinez Irene , Matsukata Masahiko , Kodama Akio , Garberoglio Giovanni , Gogotsi Yury , Karl Johnson J. , Kaneko Katsumi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIsotopes of heavier gases including carbon (13C/14C), nitrogen (13N), and oxygen (18O) are highly important because they can be substituted for naturally occurring atoms without significantly perturbing the biochemical properties of the radiolabelled parent molecules. These labelled molecules are employed in clinical radiopharmaceuticals, in studies of brain disease and as imaging probes for advanced medical imaging techniques such as positron-emission tomography (PET). Established distillation-based isotope gas separation methods have a separation factor (S) below 1.05 and incur very high operating costs due to high energy consumption and long processing times, highlighting the need for new separation technologies. Here, we show a rapid and highly selective adsorption-based separation of 18O2 from 16O2 with S above 60 using nanoporous adsorbents operating near the boiling point of methane (112 K), which is accessible through cryogenic liquefied-natural-gas technology. A collective-nuclear-quantum effect difference between the ordered 18O2 and 16O2 molecular assemblies confined in subnanometer pores can explain the observed equilibrium separation and is applicable to other isotopic gases.
An integrative multiomic network model links lipid metabolism to glucose regulation in coronary artery disease
Authors: Cohain Ariella T. , Barrington William T. , Jordan Daniel M. , Beckmann Noam D. , Argmann Carmen A. , Houten Sander M. , Charney Alexander W. , Ermel Raili , Sukhavasi Katyayani , Franzen Oscar , Koplev Simon , Whatling Carl , Belbin Gillian M. , Yang Jialiang , Hao Ke , Kenny Eimear E. , Tu Zhidong , Zhu Jun , Gan Li-Ming , Do Ron , Giannarelli Chiara , Kovacic Jason C. , Ruusalepp Arno , Lusis Aldons J. , Bjorkegren Johan L. M. , Schadt Eric E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElevated plasma cholesterol and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Individuals treated with cholesterol-lowering statins have increased T2D risk, while individuals with hypercholesterolemia have reduced T2D risk. We explore the relationship between lipid and glucose control by constructing network models from the STARNET study with sequencing data from seven cardiometabolic tissues obtained from CAD patients during coronary artery by-pass grafting surgery. By integrating gene expression, genotype, metabolomic, and clinical data, we identify a glucose and lipid determining (GLD) regulatory network showing inverse relationships with lipid and glucose traits. Master regulators of the GLD network also impact lipid and glucose levels in inverse directions. Experimental inhibition of one of the GLD network master regulators, lanosterol synthase (LSS), in mice confirms the inverse relationships to glucose and lipid levels as predicted by our model and provides mechanistic insights.