bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐scale habitat use of foraging sperm whales is driven by seafloor topography and water column structure
Authors: Guerra Marta , Dawson Stephen M. , Somerford Tamlyn R. , Slooten Elizabeth , Rayment William J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the spatial distribution and habitat preferences of marine top‐predators is essential for monitoring their populations. The summertime abundance of male sperm whales (parāoa, Physeter macrocephalus) at the Kaikōura Canyon (New Zealand) has almost halved over the last three decades, possibly reflecting a shift in distribution away from this foraging ground. To better understand the seasonal drivers of habitat use by sperm whales, we recorded presence and absence locations of foraging whales during acoustic‐visual surveys, in conjunction with water‐column oceanographic sampling. Season‐specific generalized additive models (GAM) indicated that whale distribution was best predicted by seafloor depth, thermal stratification in the water‐column, and slope gradient and orientation. Habitat use differed between summer and winter, consistent with patterns in diving behavior and stable isotope ratios, suggesting seasonal fluctuations in prey targeted by sperm whales. Our results advance understanding of fine‐scale habitat use by sperm whales, with new insights into the ecological drivers of seasonal fluctuations in foraging distribution. Our study demonstrates the importance of quantifying water‐column processes in the study of habitat preferences by deep‐diving predators. We also identify thermal stratification as an oceanographic feature susceptible to climate change, which could contribute to the decline in sperm whale abundance at Kaikōura.
Prognosis of patients with Rome IV‐defined versus physician‐diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome: Longitudinal follow‐up study
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Craig Orla F. , Gracie David J. , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the differences between patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by a physician who meet the Rome IV criteria for IBS and those who do not. We conducted a longitudinal follow‐up study examining this.MethodsWe collected complete gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, and psychological symptom data from 577 consecutive adult patients with suspected IBS in a single UK gastroenterology clinic. We compared baseline characteristics between patients who met Rome IV criteria for IBS, and those who had IBS according to a physician's diagnosis but who did not meet Rome IV criteria, as well as examining whether meeting Rome IV criteria at baseline influenced evolution of symptoms under therapy.Key ResultsOf 455 patients diagnosed with IBS by a physician, 375 (82.4%) met Rome IV criteria and 80 (17.4%) did not. Those who met Rome IV criteria were more likely to report severe symptoms (67.6%, vs. 30.0%,p < 0.001) and that symptoms limited activities ≥50% of the time (63.0%, vs. 37.5%,p < 0.001). Patients with Rome IV IBS were more likely to have abnormal anxiety scores (50.8%, vs. 35.9%,p = 0.007) and higher levels of somatoform symptom‐reporting (29.4%, vs. 12.5%,p < 0.001). Despite this, during longitudinal follow‐up, there was no significant difference in mean number of appointments required subsequently, or IBS symptom severity.Conclusions and InferencesAlthough patients who met the Rome IV criteria had more severe symptoms at baseline and were more likely to exhibit psychological comorbidity, they did not appear to have a worse prognosis than those with physician‐diagnosed IBS.
The nutrition transition to a stage of high obesity and noncommunicable disease prevalence dominated by ultra‐processed foods is not inevitable
Authors: Popkin Barry M. , Ng Shu Wen 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe Nutrition Transition model is presented with the nature and pace of change in key stages varying by location and subpopulations. At present, all high‐income and many low‐ and middle‐income countries are in a stage of the transition where nutrition‐related noncommunicable diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension are dominating adult morbidity and mortality and are very high or growing rapidly in prevalence. Some countries still have key subpopulations facing hunger and undernutrition defined by stunting or extreme thinness among adults. We call these double burden of malnutrition countries. All low‐ and middle‐income countries face rapid growth in consumption of ultra‐processed food and beverages, but it is not inevitable that these countries will reach the same high levels of consumption seen in high‐income countries, with all the negative impacts of this diet on health. With great political and civil society commitment to adoption of policies shown in other countries to have improved dietary choices and social norms around foods, we can arrest and even reverse the rapid shift to diets dominated by a stage of high ultra‐processed food intake and increasing prevalence of nutrition‐related noncommunicable diseases.
Ruminococcus gnavus ameliorates atopic dermatitis by enhancing Treg cell and metabolites in BALB/c mice
Authors: Ahn Jae‐Rin , Lee Seung‐Hwa , Kim Byunghyun , Nam Myung Hee , Ahn Yoon Kyung , Park Yoon Mee , Jeong Seon‐Mi , Park Min Jee , Song Kun Baek , Lee So‐Yeon , Hong Soo‐Jong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRuminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) are mucin‐degrading gut bacteria that play a key role in the early colonization of the gut by serving as endogenous sources of nutrients. They can also influence immune development. We had previously reported a lower abundance of R. gnavus in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with that in healthy subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of orally administered R. gnavus on antibiotic treatment‐induced gut dysbiosis (and the underlying mechanism) in a mouse model of AD.MethodsFour‐week‐old female BALB/C mice were administered antibiotic cocktails for 2 weeks. R. gnavus was orally administered throughout the study duration. At 6 weeks of age, AD was induced by epidermal sensitization with ovalbumin. AD phenotypes and systemic and gut immune responses were investigated.ResultsOrally administered R. gnavus significantly reduced AD‐associated parameters (i.e., transepidermal water loss, clinical score, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, OVA‐specific IgE level, and skin inflammation). R. gnavus treatment also resulted in significant downregulation of T helper 2–related cytokine mRNA and upregulation of interleukin (IL)‐10 and Foxp3 in the skin. The population of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells in mesenteric‐ and skin‐draining lymph nodes and butyrate levels in the cecum increased in R. gnavus‐administered AD mice.ConclusionsImmune modulation by orally administered R. gnavus may alleviate AD symptoms through the enhancement of regulatory T‐cell counts and short‐chain fatty acids production in AD mice.
Rejection sensitivity and mental well‐being: The positive role of friendship quality
Authors: Efeoglu Begum , Sen Celia K. Naivar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious research shows a link between rejection sensitivity (RS) and various psychological disorders; however, its relation to the positive psychological construct of mental well‐being remains unstudied. This study investigates the relationship between RS and mental well‐being while taking the role of friendship quality into consideration for 323 emerging adults using decision tree analysis. In training (R2 = .29) and test trees (R2 = .18), RS had the strongest relationship with mental well‐being where those higher in RS had lower mental well‐being scores. For those lower in RS, higher combined (same‐sex and opposite‐sex) friendship quality was associated with higher mental well‐being. Whereas for those higher in RS, higher same‐sex friendship quality was associated with higher mental well‐being. As our findings indicate, friendship quality may play a buffering role for emerging adults, keeping their mental well‐being at more preferable levels especially for those with higher RS. Implications for future studies and interventions to boost friendship quality are discussed.
The unrevisability of logic
Authors: Hofweber Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCan it ever be rational to revise one's own logic by one's own lights? In this paper I argue that logic is never rationally revisable, even if one's own logic gives rise to paradoxes and allows one to derive any conclusion whatsoever. Instead of revising logic, we need to revise a certain widely held position in the philosophy of logic, one tied to the standard conception of validity and to the alleged monotonicity of deductive reasoning. I develop the alternative conception of validity and of deductive reasoning, which explains why we are generally entitled to the conclusions of deductive reasoning, even though we rationally do not accept them in certain circumstances tied to paradoxes.
Intergovernmental Representation at Different Levels of Government: The Effect of Gender Representation
Authors: Park Sanghee , Charles Mwihambi Yesse 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study examines whether and where bureaucratic representation occurs within the bureaucratic hierarchy and how intergovernmental representation contributes to government efforts to reduce social disparities and improve gender‐related outcomes. The context is the national/central, ministerial, and regional governments of the United Republic of Tanzania for 14 years (2006–2019). The findings reveal that gender representation at the upper level of government plays a primary role in reducing poverty, but its impact on women's socioeconomic status, i.e., women's education and unemployment rate, is limited within the study context. The findings also highlight that the existence and the impact of intergovernmental representation depend on the primary missions of the government at different levels, policy outcomes of interest, and social contexts where identities are constructed and interpreted. This study claims that the potential interdependence of bureaucratic representation across multiple government agencies and institutions deserves more attention in the representative bureaucracy scholarship.
Environmental enrichment in fish aquaculture: A review of fundamental and practical aspects
Authors: Arechavala‐Lopez Pablo , Cabrera‐Álvarez Maria J. , Maia Caroline M. , Saraiva Joao L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) can improve the welfare of captive fish. Its objective is to provide new sensorial and motor stimulation in order to help meet their behavioural, physiological, morphological and psychological needs, whilst reducing stress and frequency of abnormal behaviours. In fish farms, rearing environments are usually designed from a human perspective and based on economic requirements, mainly for practical reasons for the farmer, with little consideration for animal welfare. Throughout aquaculture production cycles, many farming operations can be stressful for fish, and EE may not only help them cope with these stressful events but also improve their overall welfare. In recent years, increasing interest on the effects of EE in captive fish has focussed mainly on structural enrichment. However, there are many other enrichment strategies that merit attention (e.g. sensorial, occupational, social and dietary enrichment) and which may be of interest for fish farming. Here, we review in depth the existing literature on EE and its effects on the welfare of a wide range of farmed fish species, discussing the feasibility and potential applications of different EE strategies to promote fish welfare at a commercial scale. We also present a practical framework to address the design, validation and implementation of EE by the aquaculture industry, taking in consideration the technical challenges of providing enrichment for farmed fish.
Are importing and exporting complements or substitutes in an emerging economy? The case of Colombia
Authors: Gómez‐Sánchez Andrés Mauricio , Mañez Juan A. , Sanchis‐Llopis Juan A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of two trading strategies (exporting and importing) on total factor productivity (TFP) and the potential complementarity/substitutability effects of these strategies. In order to assess these effects, robust estimates of TFP are obtained using a general method of moments approach that explicitly determines the ability of a firm's trading experience to affect productivity. Data from the Annual Manufacturing Survey spanning from 2007 to 2016 is used for Colombian manufacturing firms. Our estimation results suggest that, regardless of the technological intensity of the industry in which the firm operates, active trading strategies (exporting only, importing only, both importing and exporting) pay positive rewards in terms of productivity. Nevertheless, whilst positive (complementary) synergies are found between exporting and importing for firms in med/high‐tech sectors, for firms operating in low‐tech and med/low‐tech sectors, importing and exporting appear to be substitutes.
Call to arms: Research directions to substantiate a unified model of attachment and personality pathology
Authors: Smith Madison Shea , South Susan C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPersonality pathology and adult attachment are “made of the same stuff” (Meyer & Pilkonis, 2005). They share crucial phenomenological features, etiologies, and genetic bases; however, these shared features have not been appropriately represented in empirical literature as reflective of a common dysfunction. Continuing to conceptualize attachment and personality pathology as separable constructs shackles clinical efforts, particularly with regard to identifying persons and relationships that may be most prone to interpersonal problems. In the current review, we argue that adult attachment and personality pathology may indeed be iterations of the same underlying dysfunction, and that empirical work conducted to date has been insufficient in this characterization. We also argue that to accurately represent the nature of attachment and personality pathology, the empirical integration of interpersonal dysfunction must be conducted across nosologies, demographic groups, and time. We support our arguments using empirical, theoretical, and clinical material that demonstrates the unity of attachment and personality disorders.
Numerical Analysis of Thermal, Fluid, and Electrical Performance of a Photovoltaic Thermal Collector at New Micro-Channels Geometry
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Siamak , Garcia Davide Astiaso 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this article, different paths (direct, spiral, and curved) for water flow in a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system are studied, and they are compared together. The intensity of radiation to the cell surface is taken 800 W/m2, and the fluid flow is considered to be laminar in the micro-channels. The PV cell absorbing radiation is of an aluminum type. The numerical solution of the three geometries is carried out using the finite volume method using ansys-fluent software. The pressure decomposition, momentum and energy discretization, and the solution of the pressure–velocity coupling are performed based on the standard method, the second-order upwind method, and the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations (SIMPLE) method, respectively. The convergence factor is considered to be respected and for continuity and energy equations. The results indicate that the cell surface temperature and the outlet fluid temperature decrease by increasing the Reynolds (Re) number. Moreover, electricity efficiency increases with the increased Reynolds number. The curved path has the highest electrical efficiency in comparison to other two paths. The decrease in fluid pressure of the curved path in Re = 600 is 4% and 1.3% higher than the direct and spiral paths, respectively.
Influence of Lubricant Supply on Thermal and Efficient Performances of a Gear Reducer for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhu Bo , Wang Xiang , Luo Liang , Zhang Nong , Liu Xijian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The amount of lubricating oil in a gear reducer greatly influences components’ temperature and efficiency of the reducer. A thermal network simulation model of a gear reducer for electric vehicles based on amesim software was built for thermal and efficiency analysis of the reducer, where heat production and transfer processes of each component in the reducer are considered. Moreover, secondary development submodels were developed to calculate the convection coefficients in real time based on different lubricating oil temperatures and working conditions. Next, the experiments were conducted to verify the developed model regarding transmission efficiency and lubricating oil equilibrium temperature in the reducer. The deviation between the numerical and experimental results is less than 5%, which indicates high accuracy of the developed thermal network model. Thereafter, efficiency and heat balance simulation tests under different working conditions were performed to determine an optimal lubricating oil supply, which is 14 mm gear-oil-immersion oil supply in this study. Finally, a comparison between the reducer with the optimal oil supply and that with normally used 22 mm gear-oil-immersion supply in the NEDC cycles in low temperature was done. The reducer with the optimal oil supply shows 1.032% energy saving. The method presented in this article provides a good guide to design and optimization of the gear reducer for electrical vehicles.
Component-based machine learning paradigm for discovering rate-dependent and pressure-sensitive level-set plasticity models
Authors: Vlassis Nikolaos Napoleon , Sun Waiching 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Conventionally, neural network constitutive laws for path-dependent elasto-plastic solids are trained via supervised learning performed on recurrent neural network, with the time history of strain as input and the stress as input. However, training neural network to replicate path-dependent constitutive responses require significant more amount of data due to the path dependence. This demand on diverse and abundance of accurate data, as well as the lack of interpretability to guide the data generation process, could become major roadblocks for engineering applications. In this work, we attempt to simplify these training processes and improve the interpretability of the trained models by breaking down the training of material models into multiple supervised machine learning programs for elasticity, initial yielding and hardening laws that can be conducted sequentially. To predict pressure-sensitivity and rate dependence of the plastic responses, we reformulate the Hamliton-Jacobi equation such that the yield function is parametrized in the product space spanned by the principle stress, the accumulated plastic strain and time. To test the versatility of the neural network meta-modeling framework, we conduct multiple numerical experiments where neural networks are trained and validated against (1) data generated from known benchmark models, (2) data obtained from physical experiments and (3) data inferred from homogenizing sub-scale direct numerical simulations of microstructures. The neural network model is also incorporated into an offline FFT-FEM model to improve the efficiency of the multiscale calculations.
Design and Compliant Control of a Piggyback Transfer Robot
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Guo Shijie , Yin Yuting , Jiang Zhiwen , Liu Teng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Patient transfer, such as lifting and moving a bedridden patient from a bed to a wheelchair or a pedestal pan, is one of the most physically challenging tasks in nursing care. Although many transfer devices have been developed, they are rarely used because of the large time consumption in performing transfer tasks and the lack of safety and comfortableness. We developed a piggyback transfer robot that can conduct patient transfer by imitating the motion when a person holds another person on his/her back. The robot consisted of a chest holder that moves like a human back. In this paper, we present an active stiffness control approach for the motion control of the chest holder, combined with a passive cushion, for lifting a care-receiver comfortably. A human-robot dynamic model was built and a subjective evaluation was conducted to optimize the parameters of both the active stiffness control and the passive cushion of the chest holder. The test results of 10 subjects demonstrated that the robot could transfer a subject safely, and the combination of active stiffness and passive stiffness were essential to a comfortable transfer. The objective evaluation demonstrated that an active stiffness of k = 4 kPa/mm along with a passive stiffness lower than the stiffness of human chest was helpful for a comfort feeling.
So You Think Your System Is Complex?: Why and How Existing Complexity Measures Rarely Agree
Authors: Hennig Anthony , Topcu Taylan G. , Szajnfarber Zoe 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In an increasingly interconnected & cyber-physical world, complexity is often cited as the root cause of adverse project outcomes, including cost-overruns and schedule delays. This realization has prompted calls for better complexity management, which hinges on the ability to recognize and measure complexity early in the design process. However, while numerous complexity measures (CMs) have been promulgated, there is limited agreement about “how” complexity should be measured and what a good measure should entail. In this paper, we propose a framework for benchmarking CMs in terms of how well they are able to detect systematic variation along key aspects of complexity growth. Specifically, the literature is consistent in expecting that complexity growth is correlated with increases in size, number of interconnections, and randomness of the system architecture. Therefore, to neutrally compare six representative CMs, we synthetically create a set of system architectures that systematically vary across each dimension. We find that none of the measures are able to detect changes in all three dimensions simultaneously, though several are consistent in their response to one or two. We also find that there is a dichotomy in the literature regarding the archetype of systems that are considered as complex: CMs developed by researchers focused on physics-based (e.g., aircraft) tend to emphasize interconnectedness and structure whereas flow-based (e.g., the power grid) focus on size. Our findings emphasize the need for more careful validation across proposed measures. Our framework provides a path to enable shared progress towards the goal of better complexity management.
On Vessel Motion Induced Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Steel Lazy Wave Riser
Authors: Yin Decao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Deepwater steel lazy wave risers (SLWR) subject to vessel motion will be exposed to time-varying oscillatory flow, vortices could be generated and the cyclic vortex shedding force causes the structure vibrate, such fluid-structure interaction is called vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). To investigate VIV on a riser with non-linear structures under vessel motion and oscillatory flows, time domain approaches are needed. In this study, a time-domain approach is used to simulate a full-scale SLWR. Two cases with simplified riser top motions are simulated numerically. By using default input parameters to the time domain approach, the key oscillatory flow induced VIV response characteristics such as response frequency, curvature and displacements are examined and discussed. More accurate VIV prediction could be achieved by using realistic hydrodynamic inputs into the time domain model.