bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Findings of Acute to Subacute Craniocervical Arterial Dissection on Magnetic Resonance Vessel Wall Imaging: A Systematic Review and Proportion Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cho Se Jin , Choi Byung Se , Bae Yun Jung , Baik Sung Hyun , Sunwoo Leonard , Kim Jae Hyoung 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled proportion of image findings of acute to subacute craniocervical arterial dissection (AD) direct signs on magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) and to identify factors responsible for the heterogeneity across the included studies.Methods: A systematic literature search in the Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed for studies published on the relevant topic before April 14, 2020. Pooled sensitivity and specificity values and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using bivariate random-effects modeling. Meta-regression analyses were also performed to determine factors influencing heterogeneity.Results: Eleven articles with data for 209 patients with acute to subacute craniocervical AD who underwent MR-VWI were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The most common findings on MR-VWI were wall hematoma (84%; 95% CI, 71%−92%), abnormal enhancement (72%; 95% CI, 49%−88%), aneurysmal dilatation (71%, 95% CI, 53%−84%), and intimal flap or double lumen signs (49%; 95% CI, 29%−71%). Among the potential covariates of heterogeneity, the presence of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) within the MR-VWI sequence combination significantly affected the pooled proportion of the intimal flap or double lumen signs.Conclusion: Wall hematoma and intimal flap or double lumen signs were the most common and least common direct sign image findings, respectively, on MR-VWI in patients with acute to subacute craniocervical AD. Furthermore, the absence of CE-T1WI in MR-VWI protocol was the cause of heterogeneity for the detection of the intimal flap or double lumen signs. This data may help improve MR-VWI interpretation and enhance the understanding of the radiologic diagnosis of craniocervical AD.
A Pre-Interventional Scale to Predict in situ Atherosclerotic Thrombosis in Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusion Patients
Authors: Zha Mingming , Wu Min , Huang Xianjun , Zhang Xiaohao , Huang Kangmo , Yang Qingwen , Cai Haodi , Ji Yachen , Lv Qiushi , Yang Dong , Dai Qiliang , Liu Rui , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Determining the occlusion mechanism before endovascular treatment (EVT) is of great significance for acute large vessel occlusion patients. We aimed to develop and validate a simple pre-EVT scale with readily available variables for predicting in situ atherosclerotic thrombosis (ISAT) in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) patients.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients were retrieved from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program between January 2014 and December 2019 as a derivation cohort. Anonymous data of consecutive patients between January 2014 and December 2019 were collected from another comprehensive stroke center as an external validation cohort. Demographics, medical histories, and clinical characteristics were collected. ISAT was defined according to the following criteria: (a) detection of moderate to severe (≥50%) stenosis or stenosis with significant distal flow impairment at the occluded segment when successful reperfusion was achieved; (b) transient visualization of eccentric plaque contour or a recurrent re-occlusion tendency when reperfusion was unsuccessful. Logistic regression was taken to develop a predictive scale. The performance of the scale was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer–Lemeshow test.Results: ISAT was observed in 41 of 95 (43.2%) patients included in the derivation cohort. The ISAT predictive scale consisted of three pre-interventional predictors, including the history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation rhythm, and baseline serum glucose level ≥7.55 mmol/L. The model depicted acceptable calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = 0.554) and good discrimination (AUC, 0.853; 95% confidence interval, 0.775–0.930). The optimal cutoff value of the ISAT scale was 1 point with 95.1% sensitivity, 64.8% specificity, and 77.9% accuracy. In the validation cohort, the discrimination ability was still promising with an AUC value of 0.800 (0.682–0.918).Conclusion: The three-item scale comprised of the history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation rhythm, and dichotomous serum glucose level had a promising predictive value for ISAT before EVT in acute VBAO patients.
The Clinical Implications of Tumor Mutational Burden in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Xie Lu , Yang Yufei , Guo Wei , Che Dongxue , Xu Jie , Sun Xin , Liu Kuisheng , Ren Tingting , Liu Xingyu , Yang Yi , Ji Tao , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundOsteosarcoma (OTS) is aggressive bone malignancy without well-recognized prognosis biomarker. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been proved as effective biomarker in predicting clinical outcomes in several cancer types. However, its prognostic value in OTS remains unknown. In this study, we aim to evaluate the implication of TMB in OTS patients.MethodsTo depict the landscape of somatic mutations in OTS, we performed Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) on 31 OTS tissue samples and corresponding White Blood Cells (WBCs) as matched control. TMB was calculated as the total number of somatic alterations in coding regions normalized to the per sequenced genomic megabase (~30.4Mb in WES). The prognostic values of TMB were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models.ResultsThe median age was 16.0 years at diagnosis, and 54.8% of patients were male. The most common genetic alterations were mainly involved in cell cycle and DNA damage response and repair, including H3F3A, TP53, MYC, and CDKN2A/B. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 775.5 days in TMB-High (defined as third quartile of TMB value, &lt;2.565) versus 351 days in TMB-Low (&lt;2.565). All patients with TMB-High are PFS-Long (&gt;400 days), while 36.4% of all patients with TMB-Low were PFS-Long (P=0.003). TMB were significantly greater in PFS-Long than in PFS-Short (&lt;400 days) (P=0.002). Moreover, the median overall survival (OS) was 1,307 days in TMB-High versus 672.5 days in TMB-Low. Furthermore, TMB-High group had significantly improved PFS (P=0.04) and OS (P=0.03).ConclusionsTMB-High can be used as prognostic marker for OTS. Our findings demonstrate that TMB may be helpful in combination with traditionally clinicopathologic risk factors to optimize risk stratification and guide treatment decisions.
Profiling Oncogenic Germline Mutations in Unselected Chinese Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Hefei , Li Ben , Li Wei , Guo Qiang , Hu Ling , Song Zizheng , Zhou Bin 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionEmerging evidence has suggested that inherited factors are also involved in lung cancer development. However, most studies focused on well-elucidated cancer predisposition genes, the majority of which are tumor suppressor genes. The profile of germline mutations in oncogenic driver genes remains unrevealed, which might also provide potential clinical implications for lung cancer management.MethodsSequencing data from 36,813 unselected lung cancer patients who underwent somatic mutation profiling were retrospectively reviewed. All recruited patients had matched white blood cell samples sequenced in parallel using a capture-based panel including eight key lung cancer driver genes (epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(ERBB2), ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), ret proto-oncogene (RET), and B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)). Likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants were called according to the classification criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) located in the kinase domains of driver genes and occurring recurrently (n ≥3) were also included for further analyses.ResultsSeven different LP/P variants in EGFR, MET, or RET were identified in 0.03% of lung cancer patients (n = 14) and 25 different VUS in the kinase domains of seven driver genes (except KRAS) were found with a prevalence of 0.3% (n = 117).Collectively, germline mutations were most frequently seen in ROS1 (n = 31, 0.084%), followed by MET (n = 23, 0.062%), EGFR (n = 22, 0.06%), ALK (n = 22, 0.06%) and RET (n = 17, 0.046%). LP/P variants and VUS fell the most commonly in EGFR (n = 10, 72%) and ROS1 (n = 31, 26%), respectively. Of the 10 patients with EGFR LP/P germline mutation, 70% also acquired somatic EGFR driver mutation exon21 p.L858R or exon19 deletion at baseline; while the three patients with pathogenic germline RET mutation displayed distinct baseline somatic profiles of rare EGFR mutation or KRAS exon2 p.G12C. We discovered 11 germline mutations that also occurred somatically, including four LP/P variants and seven VUS.ConclusionWe present the first study to systemically characterize the germline mutation in oncogenic driver genes in a large cohort of unselected patients with lung cancers.
MYD88 Is a Potential Prognostic Gene and Immune Signature of Tumor Microenvironment for Gliomas
Authors: Guo Qinglong , Xiao Xing , Zhang Jinsen 
Published: April 2021

PurposeTo explore the profiles of immune and stromal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their related key genes in gliomas.MethodsWe applied bioinformatic techniques to identify the core gene that participated in the regulation of the TME of the gliomas. And immunohistochemistry staining was used to calculate the gene expressions in clinical cases.ResultsThe CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE were used to figure out the composition of TME in 698 glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression analysis identified 2103 genes between the high and the low-score group. Then the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction were conducted based on these genes. MYD88 was identified as the key gene by the combination univariate Cox and PPI analysis. Furthermore, MYD88 expression was significantly associated with the overall survival and WHO grade of glioma patients. The genes in the high-expression MYD88 group were mainly in immune-related pathways in the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We found that macrophage M2 accounted for the largest portion with an average of 27.6% in the glioma TIICs and was associated with high expression of MYD88. The results were verified in CGGA database and clinical cases in our hospital. Furthermore, we also found the MYD88 expression was higher in IDH1 wild types. The methylation rate was lower in high grade gliomas.ConclusionMYD88 had predictive prognostic value in glioma patients by influencing TIICs dysregulation especially the M2-type macrophages.
Diving Responses in Experienced Rebreather Divers: Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Cold Water Diving
Authors: Lundell Richard V. , Tuominen Laura , Ojanen Tommi , Parkkola Kai , Räisänen-Sokolowski Anne 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionTechnical diving is very popular in Finland throughout the year despite diving conditions being challenging, especially due to arctic water and poor visibility. Cold water, immersion, submersion, hyperoxia, as well as psychological and physiological stress, all have an effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS).Materials and methodsTo evaluate divers’ ANS responses, short-term (5 min) heart rate variability (HRV) during dives in 2–4°C water was measured. HRV resting values were evaluated from separate measurements before and after the dives. Twenty-six experienced closed circuit rebreather (CCR) divers performed an identical 45-meter decompression dive with a non-physical task requiring concentration at the bottom depth.ResultsActivity of the ANS branches was evaluated with the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) indexes of the Kubios HRV Standard program. Compared to resting values, PNS activity decreased significantly on immersion with face out of water. From immersion, it increased significantly with facial immersion, just before decompression and just before surfacing. Compared to resting values, SNS activity increased significantly on immersion with face out of water. Face in water and submersion measures did not differ from the immersion measure. After these measurements, SNS activity decreased significantly over time.ConclusionOur study indicates that the trigeminocardiac part of the diving reflex causes the strong initial PNS activation at the beginning of the dive but the reaction seems to decrease quickly. After this initial activation, cold seemed to be the most prominent promoter of PNS activity – not pressure. Also, our study showed a concurrent increase in both SNS and PNS branches, which has been associated with an elevated risk for arrhythmia. Therefore, we recommend a short adaptation phase at the beginning of cold-water diving before physical activity.
What You Believe Can Affect How You Feel: Anger Among Caregivers of Elderly People With Dementia
Authors: Wang Haoran , Cui Hongmei , Wang Meng , Yang Chunyan 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Anger has been recognized as a commonly experienced emotion among caregivers of elderly people with dementia. While several cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based intervening methods have been developed, limited research has systematically examined the associations between dementia-related cognition and caregiving anger. Currently, we focused on three representative and well-studied cognitive constructs, person-centered attitude (PCA), dementia representation (DR), and empathy, exploring how they related to caregiving anger.Methods &amp; Results: In total, 327 caregivers (239 female) participated in the study and finished online questionnaires. Multi-variable regression analyzes showed that PCA (βPCA = −0.22**) and empathy (βempathy = −0.18**) could negatively predict caregiving anger. However, all DR dimensions had no influence on caregiving anger except coherence (βcoherence = −0.24**) in the current study.Conclusion: Generally, lower caregiving anger was associated with: (1) being more empathic; (2) having a person-centered attitude; and (3) having a comprehensive understanding of dementia. The results of this study provide detailed suggestions for the development of anger management programs for caregivers of people with dementia.
Trends in Tobacco Smoking in Pregnant Women: Data From French National Perinatal Surveys
Authors: Demiguel Virginie , Blondel Béatrice , Bonnet Camille , Nguyen-Thanh Viêt , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe , Regnault Nolwenn 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: To describe maternal smoking trends in France between 1972 and 2016, and identify whether maternal characteristics associated with smoking in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy evolved between 2010 and 2016.Methods: Using French National Perinatal Surveys, we estimated proportions of smokers and the number of cigarettes smoked both just before pregnancy and during the 3rd trimester from 1972 to 2016. We used a Poisson model with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios for smoking during pregnancy.Results: Proportions of mothers quitting smoking were relatively stable (46.0% in 1972 and 45.8% in 2016). The number of cigarettes smoked just before pregnancy and in the 3rd trimester decreased from 1995 onward. However, proportions of smokers remained high before (30.1%) and during the 3rd trimester in 2016 (16.2%). Smoking in the 3rd trimester was associated with a lower education level and lower income in both 2010 and 2016, whereas the association with age, country of birth and parity varied according to the survey year.Conclusion: Early targeted interventions are needed for smokers who plan to have a child and must take smokers’ characteristics during pregnancy into account.
Mutation Spectrum of EGFR From 21,324 Chinese Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Successfully Tested by Multiple Methods in a CAP-Accredited Laboratory
Authors: Mao Linlin , Zhao Weiwei , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Shangfei , Zhou Changhong , Zhou Danyan , Ou Xiaohua , Xu Yanyan , Tang Yuanxiao , Ou Xiaoyong , Hu Changming , Ding Xiangdong , Luo Pifu , Yu Shihui 
Published: April 2021

Genotyping epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) is essential for identifying those patients who may benefit from targeted therapies. Systemically evaluating EGFR mutation detection rates of different methods currently used in clinical setting will provide valuable information to clinicians and laboratory scientists who take care of NSCLC patients. This study retrospectively reviewed the EGFR data obtained in our laboratory in last 10 years. A total of 21,324 NSCLC cases successfully underwent EGFR genotyping for clinical therapeutic purpose, including 5,244 cases tested by Sanger sequencing, 13,329 cases tested by real-time PCR, and 2,751 tested by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The average EGFR mutation rate was 45.1%, with 40.3% identified by Sanger sequencing, 46.5% by real-time PCR and 47.5% by NGS. Of these cases with EGFR mutations identified, 93.3% of them harbored a single EGFR mutation (92.1% with 19del or L858R, and 7.9% with uncommon mutations) and 6.7% harbored complex EGFR mutations. Of the 72 distinct EGFR variants identified in this study, 15 of them (single or complex EGFR mutations) were newly identified in NSCLC. For these cases with EGFR mutations tested by NGS, 65.3% of them also carried tumor-related variants in some non-EGFR genes and about one third of them were considered candidates of targeted drugs. NGS method showed advantages over Sanger sequencing and real-time PCR not only by providing the highest mutation detection rate of EGFR but also by identifying actionable non-EGFR mutations with targeted drugs in clinical setting.
Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
Authors: Liu Jiemei , Shen Wenxiang , Yuan Yuan , Dong Shikui 
Published: April 2021

This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively 0.26 ± 0.20 and 1.36 ± 0.26. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. AE440–870 is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are −16.36 ± 18.42 Wm−2, −71.01 ± 27.37 Wm−2 and 54.65 ± 30.62 Wm−2, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.
Effects of surface treatment and annealing for Au/Ni/n-GaN Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Shiojima Kenji , Tanaka Ryo , Takashima Shinya , Ueno Katsunori , Edo Masaharu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the basic electrical characteristics and uniformity of 25 Au/Ni Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with three different surface treatments ((I) no treatment (as-grown), (II) alkaline solution, and (III) HCl related solution) before and after post-metallization annealing at 400 °C. The SBDs with (II) showed small diode-to-diode variation in the Schottky barrier height and the ideality factor, and good uniformity over the electrode. In addition, after the annealing, the reverse-biased current significantly reduced to the prediction by the thermionic field emission model. Similar characteristics were obtained for the SBDs with (I), however, the uniformity over the electrode became worse after the annealing. For the SBDs with (III), the diode-to-diode variation was originally large, and the reverse-biased current did not significantly reduce. In addition, inhomogeneity with a line-shape pattern was observed in some SBDs with the large reverse-biased current. Residual Cl atoms may be responsible for low-barrier nature.
Laboratorio molecular en virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y cáncer
Authors: Tapia-Vela Laura Joanna , Campuzano-Zuluaga Germán 
Published: April 2021

No hace muchos años la aproximación hacia las neoplasias malignas en seres humanos tenía un enfoque diagnóstico principalmente basado en los hallazgos morfológicos, y aunque teníamos conocimiento de la oncogénesis por virus desde hace casi medio siglo, este conocimiento no se había logrado integrar al diagnóstico, prevención y manejo oncológico [1]. En la década de los cincuenta, el entendimiento de la historia natural del cáncer de cuello uterino, con tiempos largos de evolución, permitió la implementación de protocolos de tamización, que hasta hace menos de una década, estaban basados en citologías cervicovaginales seriadas y regulares [2,3], sin mucho protagonismo en los algoritmos diagnósticos de la detección de variantes de alto riesgo del virus del papiloma humano (VPHAR) [4]. A pesar de que las pruebas moleculares se encuentran aprobadas para uso clínico desde aproximadamente el año 2001 [5], solo hasta el 2014 en paísescomo Estados Unidos, se incorporó la detección de genotipos de VPH-AR como prueba de tamización principal, que determina la necesidad de estudios adicionales para la detección temprana del cáncer cervicouterino [6].