bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decidualized umbilical endometriosis
Authors: Skidmore R.A. , Woosley J.T. , Katz V.L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA case of umbilical endometriosis is presented to highlight the challenges in its diagnosis. The etiology, clinical findings, histologic evaluation, prognosis and treatment options are discussed. While cyclic symptomatology may lend evidence to the diagnosis of umbilical endometriosis, history and clinical findings are often equivocal. Decidualization of umbilical endometriosis can be initially confused with a malignant process on histologic evaluation. The potential for malignant degeneration appears low. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.
Pregnancy with epilepsy — a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sawhney H. , Vasishta K. , Suri V. , Khunnu B. , Goel P. , Sawhney I.M.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To study the course of epilepsy in pregnancy and to assess the perinatal outcome. Method: A retrospective analysis of 219 pregnant patients with epilepsy. The type of epilepsy, drug therapy and seizure frequency were documented. The perinatal outcome of 157 pregnancies with epilepsy was analyzed and compared with that of 471 normal gravidas of similar age and parity. Results: Generalized seizures occurred in 203 patients, partial seizures in 13 patients and complex partial seizures in three patients. One hundred fifty‐two patients (69.41%) were on monotherapy. Carbamazepine was the most common drug (56.58%) used. Ninety‐five patients (43.38%) had seizures in the current pregnancy, five of whom had status epilepticus. There was no maternal mortality in status epilepticus. There was no difference in perinatal outcome between the study and control groups. The incidence of congenital malformations was higher in the control group (5/476, 1.05%) than in the study group (1/160, 0.63%). The incidence of low‐birth‐weight babies was higher in the study group in patients with gestational seizures. Conclusion: The course of pregnancy and perinatal outcome was not altered by epilepsy. There was no increase in the incidence of congenital malformations with the use of monotherapy.
Key considerations for long-term studies with anxiolytics
Authors: Placchi M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryLong-term (minimum six months) safety and efficacy studies with an anti-anxiety agent are aimed at identifying the emergence of any clinical effects not observed during shorter periods of treatment including the identification of late occurring adverse events, loss of therapeutic benefit, or post-treatment withdrawal effects. There is the need to establish diagnostic criteria for persistent anxiety for patients who truly benefit from long-term therapy. Risk factors predisposing to drug dependence should be assessed prior to continuous use. Ideally, long-term continuous studies should be blinded, comparative and placebo-controlled, with an adequate duration of the withdrawal phase. The treatment response of the elderly in comparison to the overall patient sample should be emphasised.
Laser miniconization procedure
Authors: Békássy Z. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To describe the outpatient procedure of minimal conization with free‐hand guided high power density carbon dioxide laser for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of CIN producing a on‐peiece tissue specimen for histological examination. Material and methods: 3100 non‐pregnant patients with mild, moderate or severe dysplasia in pap smear, having colposcopically proved ectocervical lesions but without evidence of invasive carcinoma, or 85 pregnant patients with severe dysplasia in pap smear having extensive colposcopic signs of at least carcinoma in situ were admitted for this treatment. This outpatient procedure including cervical curettage is performed under local anesthesia to excise a one‐piece 5 mm (during pregnancy 7 mm) deep minicone. Results: The degree of patient discomfort, bleeding complications, postoperative pain, infection or vaginal discharge were all minimal. The procedure was fast, causing minimal thermal damage of resection lines of the minicone specimen. Histopathological examination of the non‐pregnant minicones revealed microinvasive or invasive carcinoma in 1.2%, the primary cure rate was 96.1%. During pregnancy, 13.3% malignancy was found. No unexpected sudden onset of invasive carcinoma was recorded during the 15‐year follow‐up and the cumulative risk of recurrence for all forms of CIN was 3.02%. Conclusions: The outpatient miniconization procedure, performed with a free‐hand guided 60‐W high power density CO2 laser is a reliable method for simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of CIN. Because of the paucity of complications, this procedure may also be appropriate during pregnancy.
Second trimester abortion using intravaginal misoprostol
Authors: Herabutya Y , O‐Prasertsawat P 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To find the effective dose of intravaginal misoprostol to induce second trimester abortion. Methods: Intravaginal misoprostol in 200‐μg, 400‐μg and 600‐μg doses were applied at 12‐h intervals in 150 consecutive pregnancies. Results: The 48‐h successful abortion rate was 70.6%, 82% and 96%, respectively, and these rates were unaffected by parity. The mean induction to abortion interval was 45.0±41.5, 33.4±34.9 and 22.3±14.3 h, respectively. The mean dose of misoprostol required to induce abortion was 416.7 μg, 772.8 μg and 1296 μg. The rate of nausea and vomiting was 3.9%, 12% and 20%. The diarrhea occurrence rate was 0%, 6% and 22% with temperature elevation 0%, 2% and 28%, respectively. The rate of incomplete abortion was 35.3%, 28% and 22%, respectively. Conclusion: The 600‐μg dose is more effective as an abortifacient agent for second trimester abortion in terms of 48‐h success rate and the rate of incomplete abortion but with more side effects. However, the side effects were mild and did not warrant any specific treatment.
Uterine balloon therapy to treat menorrhagia
Authors: Buckshee K , Banerjee K , Bhatla H 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the clinical efficacy, safety and acceptability of the thermal balloon endometrial ablation (TBEA) in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Methods: Thirteen patients with DUB who did not respond to medical treatment and dilatation and curettage consented to a trial of TBEA with EASYTM model of balloon catheter by Gynecare. All procedures were done under intravenous (IV) sedation and paracervical block. Patients were mostly discharged within 48 h. Follow‐up of 2–19 months is reported. Transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy were performed in six patients after 6 months of TBEA. Results: Twelve patients (92.3%) reported a significant reduction in bleeding. Two patients (15.4%) experienced amenorrhea. Only two patients (15.4%) underwent subsequent hysterectomy, one for persistent menorrhagia and the other for severe pelvic pain. In successful patients of TBEA, transvaginal ultrasonography revealed marked reduction in endometrial thickness and no endometrium was visible in one patient who had developed amenorrhea. In successful cases follow‐up hysteroscopy revealed scarring in more than two‐thirds of the endometrium. Conclusions: Thermal balloon endometrial ablation is a safe, simple, effective, easy and minimally invasive procedure which can be done under IV sedation and paracervical block in an office setting. It has several advantages over hysterectomy, including preservation of the uterus, avoidance of surgical incision and potential to perform on an outpatient basis. It is a good alternative to hysteroscopic endometrial ablation with a comparable success rate with minimal risk and no limiting factors except the cost of the balloons. However, large scale randomized controlled studies are needed with TBEA and other endometrial ablation procedures.
Redistribution and increased specificity of GABAB receptors during development of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Heck Wendy L. , Renehan William E. , Schweitzer Laura 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecent results show that there is an abundance of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) before GABAergic synapses have formed in the gustatory zone of the nucleus of the solitary tract. These results suggest that a non‐synaptic, developmental function may exist for GABA prior to synaptogenesis. However, GABA exerts its physiological effect via its receptors, the development of which is a largely unknown process. The developmental expression of one of the GABA receptors in the young nucleus of the solitary tract is the focus of this study. The development of GABAB receptors was investigated by light and electron microscopy. The results suggest that before the development of GABAergic synapses, GABAB receptors are diffusely distributed. When GABAergic synapses form, the receptors become clustered. Quantitative postembedding immunohistochemical studies at the electron microscopic level show that extrasynaptic labeling for GABAB receptors decreases during development, but synaptic labeling increases. Increased specificity of neurotransmitter receptors at synapses has been shown in other systems during development, including other central nervous system structures, but this may be the first demonstration of the phenomenon using quantitative electron microscopy.
Beneficial effect of the addition of the 5-HT 2A/2C and α2 antagonist mianserin to ongoing haloperidol treatment in drug-resistant chronically hospitalized schizophrenic patients
Authors: Grinshpoon A. , Valevski A. , Moskowitz M. , Weizman A. 
Published: July 2002

summaryAtypical neuroleptics that block serotonin 2A (5-HT 2A) and dopamine 2 (D2) receptors have been shown to possess efficacious antipsychotic activity. We assessed the efficacy of the addition of the 5-HT 2A/2C and α2 antagonist mianserin to ongoing haloperidol treatment in chronically hospitalized (> 10 years) drug-resistant schizophrenic patients (N = 12). The patients were assessed at baseline and every three months for one year with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression. Results showed a significant (but < 10%) improvement in the core symptoms of schizophrenia; however, only the reduction (by 43%) in anxiety was clinically relevant (P < 0.0001). The beneficial effect of mianserin may be related to the combined blockade of 5-HT 2A and histamine (H1) receptors.
The Heart Failure Journal Club: a review of publications on heart failure in the American Journal of Cardiology
Authors: Thackray Simon 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe following review contains a bibliography of articles, relevant to heart failure, from the American Journal of Cardiology during 1999. Articles are grouped by topic, with a summary of each topic group. Articles of particular interest have been starred*, and seminal papers marked out with two stars**, each with individual summaries. From 928 original papers reviewed, 79 (8.51%) have heart failure as the main focus of the article and are presented below. There are a further nine reviews mainly taken from the ‘special symposia’ sections. Forty original articles (50.6%) are from Europe, 28 (35.4%) are from the US, with 8 (10.1%) from Japan and one each from Australia, South Africa and Hong‐Kong. One quarter of all original papers study the application of imaging modalities to left ventricular function or metabolism, with the remainder covering extremely diverse topics, reflecting the truly multi‐system pathology of heart failure.
MIDWIFERY IN NORTHERN BELIZE
Authors: Boyer Diane B. , Klima Carrie , Jennrich Judith 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDuring several volunteer experiences in the Corozal District in Northern Belize, the authors worked with and interviewed traditional midwives, midwife educators, administrators, and professional midwives, who practice in public health clinics, rural health outposts, and a government hospital. One interview with a traditional midwife from a rural Mayan village, garnered interesting information about her 63‐year practice, which is compared with the practice of professional midwives. Issues important to midwifery and health care in Belize are discussed. The interviews and the authors' own experiences reveal changing birthing practices, as well as the continued importance of midwives in the care of childbearing women in Northern Belize.
Nitric Oxide to Fight Viral Infections
Authors: Lisi Fabio , Zelikin Alexander N. , Chandrawati Rona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) that has quickly and deeply affected the world, with over 60 million confirmed cases. There has been a great effort worldwide to contain the virus and to search for an effective treatment for patients who become critically ill with COVID‐19. A promising therapeutic compound currently undergoing clinical trials for COVID‐19 is nitric oxide (NO), which is a free radical that has been previously reported to inhibit the replication of several DNA and RNA viruses, including coronaviruses. Although NO has potent antiviral activity, it has a complex role in the immunological host responses to viral infections, i.e., it can be essential for pathogen control or detrimental for the host, depending on its concentration and the type of virus. In this Essay, the antiviral role of NO against SARS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2, and other human viruses is highlighted, current development of NO‐based therapies used in the clinic is summarized, existing challenges are discussed and possible further developments of NO to fight viral infections are suggested.
Medical students are accurate in interpreting the presence of pathologic interstitial edema on focused lung ultrasound compared to expert reviewers
Authors: Risler Zachary , Au Arthur , Sanjeevan Irina , Chang Anna Marie , Davis Elizabeth , Nauheim Jennifer , Sibeck Lauren , Rankin Nicholas , Fields Jason M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOver the past two decades, studies have demonstrated that lung ultrasound is useful in diagnosing alveolar interstitial syndrome, which is seen in patients with decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).MethodsWe studied medical students performing lung ultrasound on patients admitted to the hospital with a presumed diagnosis of decompensated CHF in a prospective convenience observation study. Two ultrasound fellowship–trained emergency medicine attendings independently reviewed the lung ultrasounds at a later date, blinded to the students’ interpretation and other clinical information, to confirm ultrasound findings and assess for inter‐rater reliability of the lung ultrasound using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsThirty‐six patients were enrolled in the study resulting in 653 unique lung zones scanned. The zones were imaged and classified as being normal (B‐lines < 3) or pathologic (B‐lines ≥ 3). The novice scanners’ interpretation was compared to expert reviews using ICCs. The ICC was 0.88, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.87 to 0.90, for all lung zones scanned.ConclusionThere was almost perfect agreement between novice practitioners and experts when determining the presence of pathologic B‐lines in individual patients.
Simulation‐based emergency medicine education in the era of physical distancing
Authors: Nadir Nur‐Ain , Kim Jane , Cassara Michael , Hrdy Michael , Zaveri Pavan , Wong Ambrose H. , Ray Jessica , Strother Christopher , Falk Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic posed significant challenges to traditional simulation education. Because simulation is considered best practice for competency‐based education, emergency medicine (EM) residencies adapted and innovated to accommodate to the new pandemic normal. Our objectives were to identify the impact of the pandemic on EM residency simulation training, to identify unique simulation adaptations and innovations implemented during the pandemic, and to analyze successes and failures through existing educational frameworks to offer guidance on the use of simulation in the COVID‐19 era.MethodsThe Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM)’s Simulation Academy formed the SimCOVID task force to examine the impact of COVID‐19 on simulation didactics. A mixed‐methods approach was employed. A literature search was conducted on the subject and used to develop an exploratory survey that was distributed on the Simulation Academy Listserv. The results were subjected to thematic analysis and examined through existing educational frameworks to better understand successes and failures and then used to generate suggestions on the use of simulation in the COVID‐19 era.ResultsThirty programs responded to the survey. Strategies reported included adaptations to virtual teleconferencing and small‐group in situ training with a focus on procedural training and COVID‐19 preparedness. Successful continuation or relaunching of simulation programs was predicated on several factors including willingness for curricular pivots through rapid iterative prototyping, embracing teleconferencing software, technical know‐how, and organizational and human capacity. In specific instances the use of in situ simulation for COVID‐19 preparedness established the view of simulation as a “value add” to the organization.ConclusionsWhereas simulation educator's responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic can be better appreciated through the lens of iterative curricular prototyping, their successes and failures depended on existing expertise in technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge. That knowledge needed to exist and synergize within a system that had the human and organizational capacity to prioritize and invest in strategies to respond to the rapidly evolving crisis in a proactive manner. Going forward, administrators and educators will need to advocate for continued investment in human and organizational capacity to support simulation‐based efforts for the evolving clinical and educational landscape.
Hydraulic properties of the porous‐fiber module and its effects on infiltration and runoff
Authors: Lv Zhenyu , Qin Tianling , Wang Yu , Liu Shanshan , Nie Hanjiang , Wang Jianwei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe porous‐fiber module (PFM) composed of modified hydrophilic rock wool is an advanced product used for rainfall regulation. However, the hydraulic properties of the PFM and the effects of PFM embedding on key water cycle processes are unclear. In this study, to determine the water absorption and desorption properties of the PFM, a wetting front experiment was conducted in a soil box, comprehensively considering several factors, including two densities of PFM, three PFM cube side lengths, and three initial soil water contents. Furthermore, simulated rainfall experiments were conducted with three types of rainfall intensities to quantify the impacts of PFM embedding with two different patterns on soil infiltration and runoff. The results show that the maximum water absorption volume of each PFM was >93%, with that of the PFM with high density 1.75% higher than that of the low‐density PFM. For a fully saturated PFM in soil, the horizontal and vertical wetting front advance rates gradually decreased and exhibited a power function relationship with time. The results of the simulated rainfall experiments indicate that a PFM cube embedded in the soil increased the infiltration rate in the later period of rainfall events, while a PFM slice separating the upper and lower soil layers showed an opposite trend. Both PFM embedding patterns effectively increased the average cumulative infiltration of the soil by 0.5–4.5% compared with that of the control groups. Moreover, they delayed the runoff time by 5–35 min and reduced the volume of the surface runoff by 5–100% under various rainfall intensities.
Lead adsorption in a serpentine millichannel‐based packed‐bed device: Effect of hydrodynamics and mixing characteristics
Authors: Mondal Somen , Maurya Babban Lal , Majumder Subrata Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe present study depicts the hydrodynamics and the mixing characteristics in a millichannel‐based serpentine fixed‐bed device to attain the particular demands of the miniature adsorption devices' fabrication. Residence time distribution analyses were accomplished to analyze the velocity distribution inside the packed bed geometry. The effects of operating variables on the system hydrodynamics and mixing and their impact on the lead adsorption characteristics were enunciated. New correlations were proposed for the frictional resistance and axial dispersion of the fluid. The parametric effects on the lead ions [Pb(II)] adsorption were studied in the same millichannel geometry packed with the graphene oxide coated glass beads. The kinetics of the adsorptive removal process is assessed by the Thomas model and the Yoon–Nelson model. The regeneration study of the said millichannel‐based fixed‐bed device was also executed.
Effect of turbulence in micro‐reactors on ultrafast competitive reactions in Cu‐Zn co‐precipitation
Authors: Jiang Xin , Chen Shuaishuai , Chen Xinchao , Ling Chen , Lu Jiangang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe enhancement of turbulence was considered to be able to bring about better mixing and more uniform distribution of concentration generally, but its influence on ultrafast competitive reactions is an open question. Cu‐Zn co‐precipitation was carried out in three types of micro‐reactors and the turbulent intensity was regulated by changing flow rate and ultrasound power, respectively. Energy‐dispersive spectrometer of precipitates and characteristic aging time indicate the best uniformity of Cu‐Zn distribution in precipitates appears at moderate turbulent intensity. The numerical simulation shows the uniformities of precipitation both in time and in space are impacted by mixing simultaneously but with opposite direction, resulting in the appearance of maximum. The unevenness of Cu‐Zn distribution caused by inconsistent reaction rates along the time will be erased during subsequent structural evolution, while that caused by diverse reaction rates at various positions can survive and further affect the structure and performance of catalysts.
Proteomic analysis of TGFβ‐induced A549 secretome identifies putative regulators of epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Upadhyay Vishal , Sarkar Monika , Mishra Mukul , Thacker Gatha , Trivedi Arun Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImparting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cellular transformation, a major driving force behind tumor progression, is one of the notorious oncogenic activities of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ); however, the secretary factors released during TGFβ‐induced EMT that may have role in potentiating EMT and tumor progression are poorly known. This study was undertaken to identify such secreted protein factors from TGFβ‐induced A549 cells cultured in serum‐free chemically defined medium (FreestyleTM) using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization‐Time of flight/Time of flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. We identified some of the potential factors such as ESR, ANXA2, ALDH1A, TGFβ‐induced protein ig‐h3, and PAI‐1 that were not only secreted but some were also elevated in TGFβ‐induced A549 cells. Interestingly, these factors are widely reported to play crucial role in EMT induction and progression, which not only validates our findings but also opens avenues for further investigation, if upon secretion they act exogenously through certain receptors to potentiate cellular signaling involved in EMT induction and tumor progression.