bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Microfluidic Waveguides and Solution Lasers of Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells
Authors: Maskoun Joudi , Gheshlaghi Negar , Isik Furkan , Delikanli Savas , Erdem Onur , Erdem Emine Yegan , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe realization of high‐quality lasers in microfluidic devices is crucial for numerous applications, including biological and chemical sensors and flow cytometry, and the development of advanced lab‐on‐chip (LOC) devices. Herein, an ultralow‐threshold microfluidic single‐mode laser is proposed and demonstrated using an on‐chip cavity. CdSe/CdS@CdxZn1−xS core/crown@gradient‐alloyed shell colloidal semiconductor quantum wells (CQWs) dispersed in toluene are employed in the cavity created inside a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic device using SiO2‐protected Ag mirrors to achieve in‐solution lasing. Lasing from such a microfluidic device having CQWs solution as a microfluidic gain medium is shown for the first time with a record‐low optical gain threshold of 17.1 µJ cm−² and lasing threshold of 68.4 µJ cm−² among all solution‐based lasing demonstrations. In addition, air‐stable SiO2 protected Ag films are used and designed to form highly tunable and reflective mirrors required to attain a high‐quality Fabry–Pérot cavity. These realized record‐low thresholds emanate from the high‐quality on‐chip cavity together with the core/crown@gradient‐alloyed shell CQWs having giant gain cross‐section and slow Auger rates. This microfabricated CQW laser provides a compact and inexpensive coherent light source for microfluidics and integrated optics covering the visible spectral region.
SiO2‐Decorated Parylene C Micropillars Designed to Probe Cellular Force
Authors: Fohlerova Zdenka , Gablech Imrich , Otahal Alexandr , Fecko Peter 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLiving cells sense and respond to mechanical signals through specific mechanisms generating traction force. The quantification of cell forces using micropillars can be limited by micropillar stiffness, technological aspects of fabrications, and microcontact printing of proteins. This paper develops the new design of SiO2/Parylene C micropillars with an aspect ratio of 6 and 3.5 and spring constant of 4.7 and 28 µN µm−1, respectively. The upper part of micropillars is coated with a 250 nm layer of SiO2, and results confirm protein deposition on individual micropillars via SiO2 interface and non‐adhesiveness on the micropillars’ sidewalls. Results show an absence of cytotoxicity for micropillar‐based substrates and a dependence on its stiffness. Stiffer micropillars enhance cell adhesion and proliferation rate, and a stronger cellular force of ≈25 μN is obtained. The main contribution of SiO2/parylene C micropillars is the elimination of the step involving the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane stamp because the array enables covalent binding of proteins via SiO2 chemistry. These micropillars stand on Si wafer and thus, any warping of underlying polymer membrane does not have to be considered. Additionally, SiO2/parylene C micropillars can broaden the range of stiffer substrates to be probed by cells.
Fully‐Printed Piezoelectric Devices for Flexible Electronics Applications
Authors: Aliqué Marc , Simão Claudia Delgado , Murillo Gonzalo , Moya Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent advances in materials and manufacturing processes pave the way for the establishment of piezoelectric materials via printing techniques as flexible sensors, actuators, and generators. Such flexible devices are key building blocks for future advanced robotic skin and conformable medical devices. Herein special focus is given to printed devices for its lightweight, flexibility, and manufacturing by high throughput techniques, offering a disruptive advantage in integration technologies and a wide range of opportunities for industrialization routes, where cost‐effective applications are required. In this Progress Report, the different system parameters are discussed, pinpointing the ones that affect the production of reliable flexible printed piezoelectric devices and limit this technology to achieve higher technological maturity. Focus is made on screen and inkjet printing as fabrication techniques and the well‐established piezoelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene). Key limiting factors found for the manufacturing of robust scalable all‐printed piezoelectric devices stems mainly from the piezoelectric ink production and processing. Finally, the integration of these materials, via printing technologies, into soft, flexible, and even stretchable substrates is analyzed and insights are gathered on the manufacturing trends to achieve low‐cost production of flexible piezoelectric devices embedded in electronic skin and smart wearables.
A Universal Method for High‐Efficiency Immobilization of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes toward Fully Printed Paper‐Based Electronics
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Ren Yunfei , Wang Xin , Shao Shuangshuang , Li Hui , Wu Liangzhuan , Liu Xuying , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSemiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) are promising candidates for constructing high‐performance fully printed flexible thin film transistors (TFTs) and circuits. How to achieve highly dense and uniform SWCNT thin films on different substrates has become a key scientific issue for printed flexible carbon‐based electronics. In this work, a universal method to efficiently immobilize conjugated polymer‐sorted sc‐SWCNTs on different substrates using solution‐processable SiO2 thin film as the adhesion layer is developed. Fully printed top‐gate SWCNT TFTs are successfully constructed by combining aerosol jet and inkjet printing using silver electrodes and ionic liquid‐cross‐linkable‐poly(4‐vinylphenol) as metal contact electrodes and dielectrics, respectively. Consequently, the fully printed paper‐based SWCNT TFTs represent extraordinary mechanical flexibility and good electrical properties with high on/off ratio (higher than 105), small subthreshold swing (≈70 mV dec−1), and small hysteresis, as well as high carrier mobility (up to 10.8 cm2 V−1 s−1) at low gate voltages (±1 V). In addition, the resistor‐loaded fully printed paper‐based inverters are also achieved using printed carbon nanotube conductive lines as the loaded resistors, exhibiting relatively large gains (16 at VDD of 1 V) and excellent mechanical flexibility. This work represents an encouraging advancement toward the practical applications of SWCNTs for high‐performance, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly paper‐based electronics.
U‐Shaped Heteroacenes Embedded with Heavy Chalcogen Atoms: Unique Bilayer Self‐Organization of Crooked π‐Cores Enabling Efficient Charge Transport
Authors: Mori Tatsuya , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors are indispensable functional materials for next‐generation printed electronics, and significant progress has been made in the development of high‐mobility organic semiconductors in recent years. Most of these molecules rely on the use of linearly π‐extended polycyclic heteroaromatic systems, referred to as heteroacenes, as the functional core. Here, to expand the scope of the rational design of organic semiconductors, a new series of U‐shaped heteroacenes that features unprecedented “U” geometric configuration together with systematic chalcogen modification is elaborated. This U‐shaped molecular geometry promotes the formation of supramolecular bilayer lamellar assemblies, in which the U‐shaped molecules are packed into a head‐to‐head arrangement via the multiple intermolecular chalcogen interactions. Importantly, the incorporation of heavier chalcogen atoms (selenium and tellurium) instead of sulfur atoms can systematically modulate the key electronic properties of materials by influencing the molecular geometry, frontier orbital energy levels, and noncovalent intermolecular interactions. Consequently, anisotropic, high hole mobilities of up to 3.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be attained in thin‐film organic field‐effect transistors based on the selenium‐embedded U‐shaped heteroacene. In this study, the relationship between the molecular structures, supramolecular self‐organization, and charge transport properties among these U‐shaped heteroacenes are investigated from computational and experimental perspectives.
Ultrathin, Ultra‐Conformable, and Free‐Standing Tattooable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Barsotti Jonathan , Rapidis Alexandros G. , Hirata Ikue , Greco Francesco , Cacialli Franco , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel tattooable, ultrathin, green organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) fabricated on top of commercial temporary tattoo paper, is demonstrated. The transfer mechanism relies on dissolution of the sacrificial layer typically incorporated in paper‐tattoos. The ready‐to‐use device can be stored on the tattoo substrate and released on the target surface at a later time, simply by a slight wetting of the tattoo paper with water. This approach provides a quick and easy method of transferring OLEDs on virtually any surface. This is particularly appealing, in perspective, for on‐skin and disposable electronic applications. The proof of concept demonstrates, for the very first time, the feasibility of ultrathin operational OLED tattoos. While the performance of such devices is not yet comparable with that of OLEDs on rigid or flexible non‐tattooable substrates, the results show the potential for an OLED tattoo technology in integrated conformable electronic circuits.
Impact of abdominal aortic calcification on 90‐day mortality in sepsis patients: a pilot retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kato Takayuki , Fujino Kazunori , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Miyatake Hidemitsu , Tabata Takahisa , Eguchi Yutaka 
Published: January 2021

AimWe aimed to investigate the association between aortic calcification and 90‐day mortality in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit.MethodsWe evaluated adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with sepsis based on the Sepsis‐3 criteria and admitted to our intensive care unit between April 2011 and March 2015. They were classified according to the degree of abdominal aortic calcification (severe and non‐severe), grouped per age (<65, 65–75, and >75 years), and matched. Survival curves were generated, and between‐group differences were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 164 patients were included. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were not significantly different between the severity groups, whereas there were significant differences in age (P < 0.001), sex (P = 0.017), and presence of diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (P = 0.048), and maintenance dialysis (P = 0.001). The severe abdominal aortic calcification group showed significantly poorer prognosis than the non‐severe group (log–rank P = 0.009). The adjusted odds ratio of severe calcification was the highest in patients aged <65 years (7.167; 95% confidence interval, 1.042–49.28, P = 0.045). Twenty‐eight patients from each group were matched. The 90‐day survival rate of the severe calcification group remained significantly lower than that of the non‐severe calcification group (53.6% [15/28] versus 82.1% [23/28], P = 0.022).ConclusionsSevere abdominal aortic calcification is associated with the 90‐day mortality of sepsis patients, particularly among those aged <65 years. Thus, caution is necessary in patients younger than 65 years; they may need to be treated with as much care as the elderly.
Glycerolysis of Buriti Oil (Mauritia flexuosa) by Magnesium Oxide and Immobilized Lipase Catalysts: Reaction Yield and Carotenoids Degradation
Authors: da Silva João Antônio Pessoa , Bönmann Victória Castro , Kuamoto Douglas Takeshi , Ferreira Amanda Lopes , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Cardozo Nilo Sérgio Medeiros 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBuriti (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed in South America. The oil extracted from its fruit is an added value product for its high carotenoids content. The aim of this work was to evaluate the alkaline (magnesium oxide—MgO) and enzymatic (lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on macroporous acrylic resin) glycerolysis of buriti oil to obtain non‐ionic emulsifiers and evaluate the carotenoids degradation during this process. Alkaline glycerolysis was carried out using a 3:1 glycerol/oil molar ratio, temperatures of 170 and 210 °C, and MgO contents of 0.5 and 1%wt. Enzymatic glycerolysis reactions were performed using 3%wt. of a lipase catalyst and varying the following parameters: glycerol: oil molar ratio (3:1, 6:1, and 9:1), solvent (tert‐butyl alcohol) concentration (50%, 150%, and 250%, vol./substrate mass), and temperature (40, 55 and 70 °C). The products were analyzed by liquid chromatography and UV–visible spectroscopy (370–520 nm). Enzymatic glycerolysis was superior in terms of conversion and selectivity to monoacylglycerols (MAG). MAG yields were close to 80% or higher for most conditions tested for enzymatic glycerolysis, while the maximum yield for alkaline glycerolysis was of 58%. UV–Vis data showed that carotenoids were severally degraded in alkaline glycerolysis, while the enzymatic product exhibited high preservation of carotenoids and color and odor similar to those of the pure buriti oil. Based on the final composition of the non‐ionic emulsifiers obtained from buriti oil by enzymatic glycerolysis, they can be considered potential raw materials for cosmetic and food industries.
Examining the utility of DNA barcodes for the identification of tallgrass prairie flora
Authors: Herzog Sarah A. , Latvis Maribeth 
Published: January 2021

PremiseThe tallgrass prairies of North America are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world, making efficient species identification essential for understanding and managing diversity. Here, we assess DNA barcoding with high‐throughput sequencing as a method for rapid plant species identification.MethodsUsing herbarium collections representing the tallgrass prairie flora of Oak Lake Field Station, South Dakota, USA, we amplified and examined four common nuclear and plastid barcode regions (ITS, matK, psbA‐trnH, and rbcL), individually and in combination, to test their success in identifying samples to family, genus, and species levels using BLAST searches of three databases of varying size.ResultsConcatenated barcodes increased performance, although none were significantly different than single‐region barcodes. The plastid region psbA‐trnH performed significantly more poorly than the others, while barcodes containing ITS performed best. Database size significantly affected identification success at all three taxonomic levels. Confident species‐level identification ranged from 8–44% for the global database, 13–56% for the regional database, and 21–80% for the sampled species database, depending on the barcode used.DiscussionBarcoding was generally successful in identifying tallgrass prairie genera and families, but was of limited use in species‐level identifications. Database size was an important factor in successful plant identification. We discuss future directions and considerations for improving the performance of DNA barcoding in tallgrass prairies.
A method to design mechanical transducers for resonant‐mass gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Bortoli Fabio S. , Frajuca Carlos , Magalhaes Nadja S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, a methodology to design two‐mode mechanical transducers for the spherical resonant‐mass gravitational wave detector SCHENBERG is presented. This detector uses microwave multiparametric sensors and has 17 mechanical modes together with 6 electromagnetic modes for the microwave cavities. These transducers, when placed on the spherical surface of the detector, must have an effective mass ratio between their modes constant to provide the better amplification and compose a resonant system that has characteristics necessary for the detection of gravitational waves. To meet this demand, the transducers must form a resonant system with exactly the same quadrupole frequencies of the sphere. This work describes how these transducers were designed using Finite Element Modeling (FEM).
Non‐coaptation of an implanted caval valve leaflets for severe tricuspid regurgitation: Rethinking the concept of “Eustachian ridge?”
Authors: Qintar Mohammed , Wang Dee Dee , O'Neill William W , O'Neill Brian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR) remains an undertreated disease. Multiple trans‐catheter treatment options are currently under investigation. Transcatheter caval valve implantation (CAVI) has been utilized as a treatment option and aims at decreasing or eliminating the caval backflow that occurs in severe TR patients. Understanding challenges with this therapy is paramount. Hereby we present a CAVI case with resultant non‐coaptation of valve leaflets in a patient with a prominent Eustachian ridge.
Procedural optimization of drug‐coated balloons in the treatment of coronary artery disease
Authors: Lee Hak Seung , Kang Jeehoon , Park Kyung Woo , Ki You‐Jeong , Chang Mineok , Han Jung‐Kyu , Yang Han‐Mo , Kang Hyun‐Jae , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Kim Hyo‐Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of procedural optimization on the clinical outcomes of using the drug‐coated balloon (DCB) in the treatment of coronary artery disease.BackgroundsProcedural optimization is considered an essential step in DCB treatment.MethodsData of consecutive patients who underwent DCB treatment at the Seoul National University Hospital were collected. The primary outcome was target lesion failure (TLF) at 2 years.ResultsAmong 259 patients (309 lesions), TLF was observed in 31 (12.0%) patients. The following were modifiable procedural factors: residual percent diameter stenosis (%DS) after lesion preparation; DCB‐to‐vessel/stent ratio; time‐delay to inflation; and total DCB inflation time. The best cutoff values for these parameters were 20%, 0.95, 25, and 60 s, respectively. The patients were classified based on the number of procedural factors that satisfied adequate criteria. TLF was observed in 7.3% in the fully optimized group, 9.1% in the partially optimized group, and 34.1% in the nonoptimized group over 2 years (p < .001). The adequacy of the four factors for DCB optimization was an independent predictor of TLF (adjusted hazards ratio for each unmet criteria for optimization, 2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.74–2.36, p < .001).ConclusionThe optimization of the four procedural factors could reduce TLF following DCB treatment.
Neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear—An intriguing entity
Authors: Bou Rahal Peter , Wängberg Bo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite its rarity, the neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear (NEAME) is a differential diagnosis of the middle ear disease. We suspect that the NEAME is underdiagnosed and more cases can be detected through education and personal experience. Treatment is R0 resection, and long follow‐up is recommended.
Deoxyfluorination of Carboxylic, Sulfonic, Phosphinic Acids and Phosphine Oxides by Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids Featuring CF2O Units
Authors: Zhao Shiyu , Guo Yong , Su Zhaoben , Wu Chengying , Chen Wei , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe deoxyfluorination of carboxylic, sulfonic, phosphinic acids and phosphine oxides is a fundamentally important approach to access acyl fluorides, sulfonyl fluorides and phosphoric fluorides, thus the development of inexpensive, stable, easy‐to‐handle, versatile, and efficient deoxyfluorination reagents is highly desired. Herein, we report the use of potassium salts of perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids (PFECA) featuring CF2O units as deoxyfluorination reagents, which are generated mainly as by‐products in the manufacture of hexafluoropropene oxide (HFPO). The synthesis of acyl fluorides, sulfonyl fluorides and phosphoric fluorides can be realized via carbonic difluoride (COF2) generated in situ from thermal degradation of the PFECA salt.
Evolution of Routes for Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Cyclocitrinol Enabled by Type II [5+2] Cycloaddition†
Authors: Wu Jianlei , Liu Junyang , Fan Jian‐Hong , Xie Zhi‐Dong , Qin Hukun , Li Chuang‐Chuang 
Published: January 2021

Main observation and conclusionThe asymmetric total synthesis of an unusual C25 steroid containing a unique bicyclo[4.4.1]undecene A/B ring system, resulting in the synthesis of cyclocitrinol (1) and its isomer Δ8,14‐cyclocitrinol (38), is reported. Initial attempts to construct the synthetically challenging bicyclo[4.4.1]undecene A/B ring system using a type II [5+2] cycloaddition showed that a chiral substituent at the allylic position of the alkene (C6, cyclocitrinol numbering) controlled the stereoselective outcome of the cycloaddition reaction. Late‐stage migration of the tetrasubstituted C8–C14 double bond in Δ8,14‐cyclocitrinol (38) to obtain cyclocitrinol (1) proved challenging, inspiring an alternative approach. The chiral β‐CH2OR group on the allylic substituent at C6 played a pivotal role both in controlling the diastereoselectivity of the type II [5+2] cycloaddition and retaining the C6 substituent under lithium–amine conditions.
A spatial Bayesian semiparametric mixture model for positive definite matrices with applications in diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Lan Zhou , Reich Brian J. , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStudies on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) quantify the diffusion of water molecules in a brain voxel using an estimated 3 × 3 symmetric positive definite (p.d.) diffusion tensor matrix. Due to the challenges associated with modelling matrix‐variate responses, the voxel‐level DTI data are usually summarized by univariate quantities, such as fractional anisotropy. This approach leads to evident loss of information. Furthermore, DTI analyses often ignore the spatial association among neighbouring voxels, leading to imprecise estimates. Although the spatial modelling literature is rich, modelling spatially dependent p.d. matrices is challenging. To mitigate these issues, we propose a matrix‐variate Bayesian semiparametric mixture model, where the p.d. matrices are distributed as a mixture of inverse Wishart distributions, with the spatial dependence captured by a Markov model for the mixture component labels. Related Bayesian computing is facilitated by conjugacy results and use of the double Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Our simulation study shows that the proposed method is more powerful than competing non‐spatial methods. We also apply our method to investigate the effect of cocaine use on brain microstructure. By extending spatial statistics to matrix‐variate data, we contribute to providing a novel and computationally tractable inferential tool for DTI analysis.