bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social construction of farmer as profession and its potential threat for the food security
Authors: Sukri  , Ekawaty D , Amiruddin A , Syam F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to show the potential threats to food security policies in Indonesia. One of the important aspects in this paper is the influence of aspects of the availability of human resources in supporting food security efforts in meeting the food needs of the community. This paper shows that there is a reality of a downward trend in the number of human resources in agriculture. This becomes a big challenge to get attention. Decreasing the number of human resources seems to be one of the serious threats in guaranteeing food security. This seems to be related to social construction in viewing the agricultural sector as a profession, where it tends to not be fully controlled by the government.
Climate change effects on agricultural productivity and its implication for food security
Authors: Akzar R , Amandaria R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the climate change consequences on agricultural sector in the scope of agricultural market and socioeconomic. Agricultural output and food prices would change as the climate change may negatively affect the agricultural input. The implication of climate change on the food security pillars is discussed. It is proposed to apply farming integration system by cultivating local crops that do not harm the environment, which could be developed by local people. Good infrastructure and implementation of research and innovation would be beneficial to deal with the impacts of climate change to promote sustainable economic growth, social development and environment.
Agribusiness competence model of cocoa smallholders in increasing farming income
Authors: Rayuddin  , Rahman A , Amartani K , Arsyad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with agribusiness competency level of cocoa farmers. The research objectives are; to analyze the factors influencing its competency; to explain the agribusiness competency model on the income of the farming community. The research based on the method of stratified random sampling using the Sliven formula. Data were collected using questionnaires, observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that the level of agribusiness competency of cocoa farmers is influenced by internal farmers’ characteristics and self-motivation. While external factors are extension activities, empowerment intervention and environment. The improvement of cocoa farmers’ agribusiness competence is estimated to increase the productivity and cocoa farming income. The study proposed recommendations for models of extension development and empowerment community, will be able to improve the agribusiness competence of cocoa farmers on the income farms estate communities, conducted with participatory-learning and action.
Is no-till farming more or less efficient than till farming?: the case of tobacco farms in East Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Budastra I , Partha Tanaya I G L , Hamzani M R , Saadah  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
No-till farming is farming technics that could better conserve the fertility of the farmland than till farming. Technically, it is greatly linked with the global sustainable agriculture framework. However, it needs to be economically sound for adoption by farmers. Scientific analysis of this aspect is rarely reported in the literature, accessible to the authors. This paper attempts to fill the gap by taking as a case study: the efficiency of tobacco Virginia farms in East Lombok (Indonesia), involving 15 no-till farming farmers and 15 till farming farmers as the sample. This sample was randomly selected from the population of Virginia farmers in purposively selected two villages in the research areas. Data collection was carried out during 2018 planting session using an individual structural interview technique. Farm efficiency was measured as Return to Cost (R/C) ratio. The significance of the efficiency difference between no-till and till farming was analyzed using a t-test. The analysis found that the R/C ratio of Virginia tobacco farms using no-till farming system (mean = 2.21) was significantly lower at 95% degree of confidence than the R/C ratio of virginal tobacco farms using till farming system (mean=3.47). In spite of this significant difference, the value of the R/C ratio was larger than one, indicating each of the systems was financially feasible. This explained the adoption of no-till farming by some of the Virginia tobacco farmers in the study areas. However, the wider adoption of the no-till farming system needed some improvements to reduce farm cost and increase revenue.
Livestock perception of use smart hatching machines
Authors: Supriyanto  , Pamungkas Aditya , Akimi  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study was carried out in Pagersari Village, Mungkid District on May 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019, aimed to determine the level of farmers’ perceptions and to determine the characteristics of farmers. The data collection method uses observation and interviews. Data regarding the characteristics of respondents and the level of perception were analyzed descriptively, data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between variables. The results showed the level of farmers’ perceptions based on the level of relative profits with a percentage of 66%, the level of compliance with a percentage of 86%, the level of complexity with a percentage of 66%, aspects could be tried with a percentage of 98%, aspects observed with a percentage of 100% showed a positive direction of perception, Based on the results of the statistical analysis of binary logistic regression partially it is known that the value of income sig is 0.043, age is 0.576, education is 0.996 and experience is 0.999. The conclusion from the research results is known that the overall perception of farmers as much as 64% in the good category, based on the statistical analysis used it is known that the income factor has a significant effect of 0.043. While the age of 0.576, education of 0.996, and experience of raising 0.999 did not significantly influence the level ofperception.
Post-harvest handling of cocoa commodities
Authors: Munira  , Arsyad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to get the management of cocoa commodity post-treatment and is explicitly to know the feasibility of the post-harvest handling, knowing the costs incurred by farmers during post-harvest, analyzing fat content, moisture content, and the levels of cocoa bean polyphenols production. The research was conducted in Marioriwawo, Lilirilau, Citta, and Liliriaja, Soppeng regency. Testing of chemical properties in the Laboratory of Chemistry Engineering Makassar Polytechnic. Results of post-harvest treatment stages include harvest time, fruit picking, fruit breakdown, sorting of seeds, fermentation, drying, packaging, and storage. The process of post-harvest handling phase is, post-harvest handling conducted by farmers can be said to be worthy because almost 100% of farmers do post-harvest handling following the guidelines technical improvement movement of national cocoa production and quality. The cost of farmers who do the fermentation is higher than the cost incurred by farmers who do not ferment. The level of cocoa beans has been following the prevailing SNI (Indonesian National Standard). The fat of cocoa beans has not been a valid SNI, but it has a quite high-fat content.
Examining the socio-economic aspects of farmers: whether the dryland rice would be maintained?
Authors: Taridala  , Adha S A , Ode Y W , Yani T , Hartina B , Rosmawaty  , Siti Z , Viantika N M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dryland rice in Southeast Sulawesi has not been managed optimally. Though this region has great potential, both in terms of supply aspects such as climate compatibility, land availability, biodiversity, community culture, and demand aspects such as organic products for the domestic and export markets.This study analyses the socio-economic factors that influence the decisions of farmers in cultivating upland rice. The study was conducted in the Baito District, which is one of the upland rice production centers in South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Research activities are funded by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and the Higher Education Republic of Indonesia in 2018. Data analyzed using quantitative methods, namely logistic model regression equations (logit model). Estimation methods for econometric models in which dependent variables are binary (dichotomous), where the cumulative distribution is not linear, using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The results showed that three variables significantly influenced the decision of farmers to grow upland rice, namely the number of family members, the number of family members in productive age, and the presence of other agricultural commodities that were considered more profitable and or more comfortable to manage.
An analysis of progressive sectors: agriculture position
Authors: Arsyad M , Yunus S R , Lanuhu N , Jamil M H , Mahyuddin  , Alim N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the economic development of a region, there needs to be attention in developing sectors that have the potential and also have good growth. This study aims to identify the economic sectors included in the progressive sector. This research uses secondary data in the form of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Bolaang Mongondow Regency and North Sulawesi Province in 2013-2017 and will then be analyzed using the Location Quotient method and Shift Share analysis. The results of the study concluded that there are five economic sectors which are the base sectors namely the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries sectors; Mining and Excavation sectors, the Electricity and Gas Procurement Sector, Real Estate Sector and Education Services Sector. However, only the Mining and Excavation sector has a progressive growth rate and competitive advantage. As for the Agriculture position itself, it has a non-progressive growth rate and lacks a competitive advantage. In addition, there are four sectors namely the Construction sector, the Wholesale Trade, and Retail; Car and Motorcycle Repair sectors; The Financial Services and Insurance sectors and the Government Administration, Defense, and Social Security sectors are required to be able to move progressively even though those sectors are not included in the base sector.
Literacy and adaptation strategy of rainfed lowland farmer on climate change risk in Takalar Regency
Authors: Mardiyati Sri , Natsir Mohammad , Nailah  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the level of literacy of farmers to the risk of climate change and to analyze climate change risk adaptation strategies in rainfed rice fields. This research was carried out intentionally in areas that have relatively wider rainfed rice fields in the Districts of North Polombakeng and South Polombakeng, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Sampling was conducted purposively on 147 farmer respondents. Data sourced from primary and secondary data. Data analysis is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the level of literacy of rainfed lowland rice farmers to climate change is the highest on the component of climate change impacts, while the lowest on aspects of climate change adaptation strategies. Farmers’ adaptation strategies in dealing with climate change in rainfed rice farming are the most dominant, including tracking climate change information, shifting planting time, managing cropping patterns, planting spacing, and using short-lived varieties. Rainfed lowland rice farmers in strengthening household food security to face the risk of climate change are more dominant in implementing storage strategies (food reserves), diversifying income in farming and non-farming, and empowering family members to obtain additional income.
Development of climate and land requirements for compatibility of land cocoa plant specification based on satellite image
Authors: Basri  , Harli  , Rosmawati Tamin  , Indrabayu  , Areni Intan Sari 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCocoa as leading plantation commodities, which is quite essential for the national economy that decreasing productivity from 2012 to 2018. The low productivity of cocoa is caused by the fact that cocoa plants that are planted do not meet the optimum growth requirements. Land quality as an optimal growth factor varies greatly in land and time quality, so it requires an in-depth study, one of which is the parametric approach. This approach analyzes the land requirements (soil and climate) for the suitability of specific cocoa plantations in particular regions, so this study aims to determine the characteristics of the land that correlate with cocoa productivity in a specific region. Also, this study aims to establish a land index through a deductive parametric approach in the PolewaliMandar Regency as a sample of research locations. Primary data were obtained from direct observation, while secondary data were obtained from related institutions. In addition, the determination of the profile location based on production data and cocoa crop distribution through satellite imagery and the Global Positioning System (GPS). Qualitative and quantitative analysis using regression data analysis was used. The results showed that the climate and soil conditions of the Polewali Mandar Regency were very suitable for the level of land suitability. All parameters tested in this study illustrate that land characteristics (climate and soil) in the PolewaliMandar Regency is very suitable for the optimum growth requirements of cocoa plants.
Social construction and types of participation in poverty alleviation
Authors: Ngangi C , Kaunang R , Lolowang T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Society is a crucial factor that influences poverty. It takes public participation that will bring a positive effect on poverty reduction so that the community will understand or understand the various final decisions that will make. The purpose of this study is to determine the Social Construction and Types of Community Participation in poverty reduction. This research conducted on 100 poor farmers in Tomohon Selatan District, Tomohon City. This type of research is qualitative, and the selection of informants using purposive sampling techniques. The research results obtained dialectical processes that occur through externalization, objectivation, and internalization. And the type of participation plays a role in social construction through a process of dialectic externalization, objectivation, and internalization that creates reality and provides an identity for poor farmers in poverty reduction.
Village governance in realizing smart village in Tongke-Tongke Village, Sinjai Regency
Authors: AR Asriadi , Jamaluddin A. , Jusniaty  , Abdullahi Alima Bachtiar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The implementation of the principles of good governance is the benchmark of good and clean government. The principles include community participation, upheld rules of law, transparency, care and stakeholder, orientation to consensus, equality for every person, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, and strategic vision. In the village government, various efforts are made to develop the village, including the concept of Smart Village. A Smart village is a concept to adopt components or indicators of the Smart City concept to realize better village governance for the people. The indicators of the smart village include Smart People, Smart Environment, Smart Living, Smart Mobility, Smart Economy and Smart Governance. Based on the above, a study on village governance to realize a smart village was performed. The study was performed in Tongke-tongke Village, East Sinjai Sub-district, Sinjai Regency on June-August 2019. The research method is a qualitative research method with a phenomenology research type. The researchers collect data by performing in-depth interviews with research objects or informants, as well as directly observing how the research object interpret their experience to others. The research result showed that the governance of Tongke- tongke village hasn’t applied all concepts of a smart village. The only met indicator was smart mobility. However, there were efforts to improve governance to implement the concept of smart village with the availability of fund to develop information technology and human resources, and the commitment of village officials to realize good governance
Industrialization and regional income inequality: agriculture transformation
Authors: Rauf R A , Suparman  , Husnah  , Halwi M D , Pratama M F , Mayapada A G , Arsyad M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Industrialization and income inequality is a crucial issue in developing countries. This paper analyzes the level of income inequality in Morowali and Banggai Regencies, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Inequality income is proxied by Gini, Williamson and Theil (GWT) indices. The Gini coefficient was calculated based on data obtained from questionnaires distributed to 150 households. The Williamson index and Theil index were calculated by using the data of gross domestic per capita regional income. The results reveal that the regional income inequality of Morowali and Banggai Regency increased when the economic growth of both regions experienced a significant increase, when the large mining industry began to operate in both areas. The manufacturing and mining industries in have succeeded in shifting the dominance of agriculture sector. The level of income inequality among households and regional has reached a moderate level and tends to fluctuate. Meanwhile, the level of income distribution between regions within regencies is relatively low. The government should consider the impact of industrial presence in areas originally sustained by the agrarian sector in relation to income distribution. Second, the preparation of skilled and educated local workers in facing the industrialization era needs to be conducted
Changes in sources and income levels in Samata Village, Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency
Authors: Akhsan  , Sarah A , Fahmid I M , Diansari P , Ali M S S , Mahyuddin  , Sukardi L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Shifting people’s livelihoods is the change of a population’s work from agriculture to non-agriculture, which is a source of income to finance the living needs of each family. This study aims to determine changes in sources and income levels in Samata Village, Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency. The data analysis technique used is a descriptive qualitative analysis using frequency tables. The results of this study indicate that the change in source and income level in the Samata village is marked by the transfer of livelihood sources, which results in a change in the amount of income.
Social capital analysis and its relations with the household food security of the coastal community
Authors: Rahmadanih  , Demmallino E B , Ishak M A , Bulkis S , Fudjaja L , Ibrahim T , Zainal  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Food security is still a problem in the coastal community. One of the resources or capital that can be used to develop food security is social capital. This study aims to (1) analyze the social capital of the coastal community, (2) analyze the level of household food security of the coastal community, and (3) analyze the relationship between social capital and the level of household food security of coastal communities. This research was conducted in Barrang Lompo Sub-District, Sangkarrang District, Makassar City, in 2018 using the survey method. The unit of analysis is a fishing household with a total sample of 40 households. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The results showed that the elements of social capital, especially trust, networking, and reciprocity of the fisherman community, are in the medium and high level. There are 53.00% of fisherman households that have a high level of social capital. Trust, networking, and reciprocity in the fisherman community help them to maintain the sustainability of food availability at the household level, especially during famine season. Statistically, social capital is related to the level of food security of fishermen households (χ
2 = 8.02; C = 0.41).
Warehouse receipt system and food security: factors that influenced farmers’ decisions
Authors: Mahyuddin  , Armita N , Darma R , Summase  , Fahmid I M , Sulili A , Syah I T , Anwar  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) aims to increase commodity selling prices through sales delays and financing. Credit with stored production collateral is used to meet the needs of farmers in facing the next crop season. The research objective is to find out what factors influence farmers’ decisions in utilizing WRS. The research method is a survey with 18 respondents or 50 percent of farmers who use WRS. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. The results showed that the factors that significantly influenced farmers’ decisions to use WRS were the distance from the warehouse to farming and the costs associated with using WRS as an external factor. WRS needs to be supported by WRS cost subsidies as a WRS capitalization process in the agricultural sector.
Demand analysis of rice as a strategic commodity in Makassar
Authors: Tenriawaru A N , Jamil M H , Darma R , Fudjaja  , Jannah M , Munira  , Balla  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rice is the primary needs of the human to survive. Moreover, food problems, especially in rice, are relating to availability, distribution, price, consumption, demands, and other impacting factors. Consumer demand toward rice is influencing by many factors, such as the price of rice, the price of substitution and complementary goods, and the total population. This study aims to analyze the factor which impacts the rice demand in Makassar. This study conducted Makassar from May to July 2017. Data used in this study is a time series collected from a 2011-2016 period and analyzed by linear regression analysis method. The result shows a determinant coefficient (R2) score is 0,925, which means that 92,5% of the dependent variable variances (Y) can be explained by its independent variables (X). The residual score of 7,5% has explained by other variables that do not include in the study. A simultaneous test (F- test) together impacts significantly toward the rice demand in Makassar, while partially (t-test) corn and egg price do not significantly impact the demand.
Partnership patterns in rice farming
Authors: Heliawaty  , Saadah  , Apiaty  , Darma R , Fudjaja L , T Kurnia , Lanuhu N , Amrullah A , Sulili A , Kurniati  , Halil  
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Lowland rice farming run by farmers in Toabo Village is faced with limited capital problems, limited agriculture machinery ownership, and grain prices low. Another problem is the Mamuju Regent Decree (SK) No. 188.45/120/KPTS/1/2018 on the implementation of the grain trade. In this decree, there is a rule that prohibits farmers from selling their products out of the area until Bulog stock needs are fulfilled. To overcome this problem, we need a solution that can help farmers provide capital loans, agriculture machinery, and guarantee the production market. One concept that can be done is cooperation in the form of partnerships. This study aims to describe the implementation of rice farming partnerships. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the partnership that was carried out by UD Subur Dua with partner farmers used the agribusiness operational partnership (KOA) partnership pattern.