bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global rarity of intact coastal regions
Authors: Williams Brooke A. , Watson James E.M. , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Klein Carissa J. , Montgomery Jamie , Runting Rebecca K. , Roberson Leslie A. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Grantham Hedley S. , Kuempel Caitlin D. , Frazier Melanie , Venter Oscar , Wenger Amelia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManagement of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the terrestrial human footprint and marine cumulative human impact maps in a global assessment of the anthropogenic pressures affecting coastal regions. Of coastal regions globally, 15.5% had low anthropogenic pressure, mostly in Canada, Russia, and Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% of coastal regions were heavily affected by humanity, and in most countries (84.1%) >50% of their coastal regions were degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) of protected areas across coastal regions were exposed to high human pressures. To meet global sustainability objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions to preserve and restore the coastal regions within their borders.
Plant naturalizations are constrained by temperature but released by precipitation
Authors: Häkkinen Henry , Hodgson Dave , Early Regan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimDuring naturalization, many species undergo climatic niche expansion, in which they spread into climates with which they have not been associated previously. This suggests that species are absent from some climatically suitable areas in their native range, but the reason for this is unknown. We aimed to evaluate whether the climatic conditions in which expansion occurs provide information about the causes of niche expansion.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsWe compiled native and naturalized occurrence data for 606 terrestrial plant species and compared their native and naturalized climatic niches to detect evidence of climatic niche expansion. Where species showed evidence of niche expansion, we used a variety of circular modelling techniques to investigate further whether species were more likely to expand, or expand further, along some climatic axes than others. We also asked, with or without expansion, whether species were more successful at colonizing the hottest, coldest, wettest or driest portions of their potential niche.ResultsWe found climatic niche expansion in 45% of naturalizations of 606 terrestrial plants. Species expanded predominantly into wetter climate than their native niche, somewhat less frequently into drier climate, and only in rare instances into hotter or colder climate. Species were least likely to naturalize in the hottest or coldest portions of their native climatic niche.Main conclusionsOur results could suggest that the wetter margins of native niches are limited by biotic interactions that are relaxed in the naturalized range. Our results could also suggest that evolutionary adaptation to novel precipitation regimes is occurring, and/or there are time lags caused by slow population growth rates in cold and hot conditions. Regardless of the explanation, range margins associated with precipitation might be the least predictable during naturalization or environmental change.
THINKING ON LOCATION: AN ESSAY IN THE VULNERABILITY OF THE SUBJECT
Authors: LOCK CHARLES 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThis essay addresses problems of how and what we know in an attempt to distinguish what's inside from what's outside and to figure out whether acts of knowing can be plotted on either side of any boundary that might claim to separate inside from outside. Moving beyond the familiar dialectics derived from Hegel's theory of history, the essay reflects on the author's experience as a teacher of English literature “abroad” who has tried to disclaim any privileged access to the interpretation of texts written in English. It was possible to maintain a status as outsider when teaching texts written across the postcolonial world, but such a position was not sustainable when teaching literature by authors from the First Nations of North America. Throughout, various theoretical alternatives are posited, from Mikhail M. Bakhtin's “outsidedness” to Alain Badiou's pursuit (following Saint Paul) of “universal singularity.” None of these theories seems adequate, and the essay's argument finds itself circling around the intractable. That figure of “circling around” would suggest that the outside had been attained, but one can always think of a theme, a context, or a relation in which the subject would find itself again inhabiting the inside. Structuring the argument is the notion of place and location and the Viconian yearning for the strictly geometrical representation of history, and thence of entities in fixed places, and of constant spatial relations between entities—and of metonymy as the figure by whose suppression, alone, space and time have been enabled to persist in their Kantian sovereignty as the a priori categories that ground all our knowing.
Non‐coding RNA‐associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Khashkhashi Moghadam Sattar , Bakhshinejad Babak , Khalafizadeh Ali , Mahmud Hussen Bashdar , Babashah Sadegh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the most prevalent liver malignancy, is annually diagnosed in more than half a million people worldwide. HCC is strongly associated with hepatitis B and C viral infections as well as alcohol abuse. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also significantly enhance the risk of liver cancer. Despite recent improvements in therapeutic approaches, patients diagnosed in advanced stages show poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence provides support for the regulatory role of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer. There are a variety of reports indicating the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different stages of HCC. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) exert their effects by sponging miRNAs and controlling the expression of miRNA‐targeted genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) perform their biological functions by acting as transcriptional regulators, miRNA sponges and protein templates. Diverse studies have illustrated that dysregulation of competing endogenous RNA networks (ceRNETs) is remarkably correlated with HCC‐causing diseases such as chronic viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of the role and molecular mechanisms underlying the function of ceRNETs that modulate the characteristics of HCC such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, resistance to cell death, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. The current knowledge highlights the potential of these regulatory RNA molecules as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
Getting your House in Order for EU Negotiations: When Domestic Constraints Condition Italy's Performance at the EU Level*
Authors: Lovato Marianna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite being one of the founding members of the European Community and the third largest economy in the EU, Italy does not stand out as a particularly influential negotiator when it comes to day‐to‐day EU decision‐making. Why is it that a country with Italy's political weight, economic resources and administrative capacity has such a patchy record in terms of negotiation success? Examining Italy's negotiation of two key EU policies (2008–16) and relying on an original set of interviews with EU officials and Italian politicians, this paper contends that the answer lies in a set of domestic factors that have largely been neglected by negotiation theory: namely, political, administrative and individual domestic constraints.This contribution explains Italy's inconsistent performance in EU negotiations, while also developing a broader theoretical framework accounting for the ways in which domestic factors moderate member states' bargaining power and, ultimately, their likelihood of achieving negotiation success.
A prospective study on vulvovaginal candidiasis: multicentre molecular epidemiology of pathogenic yeasts in China
Authors: Song N. , Kan S. , Pang Q. , Mei H. , Zheng H. , Li D. , Cui F. , Lv G. , An R. , Li P. , Xiong Z. , Fan S. , Zhang M. , Chen Y. , Qiao Q. , Liang X. , Cui M. , Li D. , Liao Q. , Li X. , Liu W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is frequent in women of reproductive age, but very limited data are available on the epidemiology in cases of VVC in China.ObjectivesThe current study has been conducted to reveal the prevalence, species distribution of yeast causing VVC and molecular genetics of Candida albicans in China.MethodsVaginal swabs were collected from 543 VVC outpatients recruited in 12 hospitals in China between September 2017 and March 2018. They were preliminarily incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar and then positive subjects of which were then transmitted to our institute for further identification. CHROMagar™ was used to isolate Candida species, and all isolates were finally identified by DNA sequencing. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to analyse phylogenetic relationships of the various C. albicans isolates.ResultsEleven different yeast species were identified in 543 isolates, among which C. albicans (84.7%) was the most frequent, followed by C. glabrata (8.7%). We obtained 117 unique diploid sequence types from 451 clinical C. albicans isolates and 92 isolates (20.4%) belonged to a New Clade. All the strains appearing in the New Clade were from northern China and they were isolated from non‐recurrent VVC.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that C. albicans are still the main cause of VVC in China and the majority of C. albicans isolates belongs to Clade 1 with DST 79 and DST 45 being two most common. Moreover, the New Clade revealed in our study seems to be specific to northern China.
Cholecystectomy reduces the risk of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with complicated gallstones, but has negligible effect on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Hyeong Sik , Kim Hyun Jung , Kang Tae Uk , Park Seon Mee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimGallstones have been reported to be positively associated with hepatobiliary cancers. However, risks of these cancers by cholecystectomy or in patients with complicated gallstones are controversial. We studied the effect of cholecystectomy on the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with gallstones and subgroup of complicated gallstones.MethodsPatients with gallstone disease (n = 958 677) and age‐matched and sex‐matched controls (n = 9 586 770) were identified using the Korean National Health Insurance database. Complicated gallstones were defined as gallstones associated with acute cholecystitis or acute cholangitis. Adjusted hazard ratios (adjusted hazard ratios, 95% confidence interval) of CCA and HCC incidences were evaluated in patients with gallstones who received cholecystectomy compared to the controls. We also analyzed these effects in patients with complicated gallstones.ResultsPatients with gallstones showed increased risks of CCA (1.80, 1.67–1.93) and HCC (1.03, 1.00–1.07) compared with controls. Cholecystectomy had minimal effects on the risks of CCA (1.94, 1.76–2.14) and HCC (0.93, 0.87–0.99) compared with those without cholecystectomy. However, patients with complicated gallstones showed highly increased CCA risk (5.62, 4.89–6.46) and a 30% risk reduction after cholecystectomy (3.91, 3.43–4.46). Risk reduction by cholecystectomy was greater for extrahepatic CCA than for intrahepatic CCA or ampulla of Vater cancer. However, the risk of HCC was not different in patients with complicated gallstones and those who underwent cholecystectomy compared to controls.ConclusionThe risk of CCA was markedly increased in patients with complicated gallstones and was partially reduced by cholecystectomy. The risk change of HCC was minimal with gallstones or cholecystectomy.
(Dis)Solving the Zero Lower Bound Equilibrium through Income Policy
Authors: ASCARI GUIDO , BONCHI JACOPO 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the possibility to reflate an economy experiencing a long‐lasting zero lower bound episode with subdued or negative inflation by imposing a minimum level of wage inflation. The income policy under investigation is formalized as a downward nominal wage growth rigidity, such that wage inflation cannot be lower than a fraction of the inflation target. This policy allows dissolving the zero lower bound steady‐state equilibrium in an Overlapping Generations (OLG) model featuring “secular stagnation” and in an infinite‐life model, where this equilibrium emerges due to deflationary expectations.
Evaluation of the anti‐wrinkle effect of a lipophilic pro‐vitamin C derivative, tetra‐isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid
Authors: Yokota Mariko , Yahagi Shoichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundTetra‐isopalmitoyl ascorbic acid (VC‐IP), an oil‐soluble vitamin C derivative, is known to be effective for treating photoaging skin caused by oxidative stress. In addition, it is known that morphological changes of the skin occur on the face with aging, and the main cause has been reported to be photoaging.AimsThere have not been any published reports that examined the clinical effects of vitamin C derivatives on periorbital wrinkles. The purpose of this study was to characterize the potential anti‐wrinkle effect of VC‐IP.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, split face clinical trial was performed on 3 groups of 23 female subjects each who used 1%, 2%, or 3% VC‐IP creams versus a placebo cream to treat their facial wrinkles. VC‐IP cream was applied on the periorbital area on one side of the face of each subject twice a day for 8 weeks and a placebo cream was applied on the other side. Anti‐wrinkle effects were evaluated by visual wrinkle grading and topographic assessments.ResultsPeriorbital wrinkles treated with VC‐IP twice a day for 8 weeks showed marked or moderate improvements according to visual observations and grading of photographs. Moreover, topographic assessments confirmed the improving effects of VC‐IP, and more interestingly, the appearance of those effects differed depending on the VC‐IP concentration. In addition, sufficient improvement was observed in parameters reported to be associated with dermal structure at lower concentrations of VC‐IP.ConclusionsThese results indicate that topical application of VC‐IP cream reduces periorbital wrinkles caused by skin aging.
Ventral clitoroplasty preserves dorsal nerves in case of partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: 4 years follow‐up
Authors: Mahajan Niraj N. , Kaushal Nandita , Subramanyam Alka A. , Bhagwat Nikhil M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAndrogen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) causes feminization of the external genitalia, in 46XY individuals. We report a notable case of partial AIS (PAIS), which was treated with ventral clitoroplasty and vaginal dilatation. The patient is a 17‐year‐old phenotypically female, presented with primary amenorrhea, infantile vagina, clitoromegaly, and presence of testes. Feminizing genitoplasty was done in form of ventral clitoroplasty with gonadectomy and was put on hormone replacement therapy and advised regular use of vaginal dilators to improve vaginal length. In ventral approach, the erectile tissues are excised without disturbing the neurovascular structure. Vibratory threshold perception of clitoris assessed by biothesiometer was normal 4 years after the surgery. Vaginal corrective surgery is not required when presentation is at later stage and has some vaginal depth to work out with vaginal dilators. Regular psychiatric consultations and support are needed in patients with PAIS to develop their confidence in gender identity and sexual orientation.
Probiotics for preventing and treating infant regurgitation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Foster Jann P. , Dahlen Hannah G. , Fijan Sabina , Badawi Nadia , Schmied Virginia , Thornton Charlene , Smith Caroline , Psaila Kim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfant regurgitation is common during infancy and can cause substantial parental distress. Regurgitation can lead to parental perception that their infant is in pain. Parents often present in general practitioner surgeries, community baby clinics and accident and emergency departments which can lead to financial burden on parents and the health care system. Probiotics are increasingly reported to have therapeutic effects for preventing and treating infant regurgitation. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for the prevention and treatment of infant regurgitation. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. A meta‐analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. Six RCTs examined the prevention or treatment with probiotics on infant regurgitation. A meta‐analysis of three studies showed a statistically significant reduction in regurgitation episodes for the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD]: −1.79 episodes/day: 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.30 to −0.27, N = 560), but there was high heterogeneity (96%). Meta‐analysis of two studies found a statistically significant increased number of stools per day in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group at 1 month of age (MD: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.73, N = 488), with moderate heterogeneity (69%). Meta‐analysis of two studies showed no statistical difference in body weight between the two groups (MD: −91.88 g, 95% CI: 258.40–74.63: I2 = 23%, N = 112) with minimal heterogeneity 23%. Probiotic therapy appears promising for infant regurgitation with some evidence of benefit, but most studies are small and there was relatively high heterogeneity. The use of probiotics could potentially be a noninvasive, safe, cost effective, and preventative positive health strategy for both women and their babies. Further robust, well controlled RCTs examining the effect of probiotics for infant regurgitation are warranted.
Accurate believers are deductively cogent
Authors: Hewson Matthew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that the agent concerned to have accurate (outright) beliefs will have a consistent and multi‐premise closed belief set, and not a (merely) single‐premise closed and (merely) pairwise consistent belief set, as has often been thought. This argument rests on the fact that we need a notion of accuracy coherence for belief that is belief‐sensitive; sensitive to one's perspective, in a way that the standard belief‐insensitive notion of accuracy coherence is not. The choice of the belief‐sensitive over belief‐insensitive notion is defended, as is the choice of this particular belief‐sensitive kind of accuracy coherence over other belief‐sensitive rivals. Our conclusion is that accurate believers are deductively cogent.
Establishment and characterisation of cell lines and xenograft mouse models of canine systemic histiocytosis and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma
Authors: Hirabayashi Miyuki , Chambers James K. , Kishimoto Takuya E. , Nguyen Son V. , Ishikawa Yuichi , Rimpo Kenji , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Uchida Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanine histiocytic proliferative disorders include reactive diseases (histiocytosis) and neoplastic diseases (histiocytic sarcoma [HS]), however discrimination is challenging due to their overlapping pathological features. In the present study, novel cell lines and xenograft mouse models of systemic histiocytosis (SyH) and disseminated HS were established, and examined together with cell lines previously established from localized HS and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). The chromosomal numbers of the SyH and HS cell lines were abnormal, and their population doubling time and morphological features were comparable. Immunophenotypically, SyH and HS cells were CD204+/E‐cadherin+ in vitro and in vivo, like their original tissues. Western blot analysis for E‐cadherin revealed an immunopositive band of full‐length E‐cadherin (120 kDa) in cultured cells of localized HS and LCH but not in disseminated HS and SyH; expression level was weaker in localized HS than in LCH. An immunopositive band of fragmented E‐cadherin (45 kDa) was detected in cell lines of disseminated HS and SyH. These results suggest that cultured SyH cells have features that are similar to disseminated HS, including chromosomal aberration, high proliferation activity, weak cell adhesion, and expression of fragmented E‐cadherin. Fragmentation of the E‐cadherin cell adhesion molecule may be associated with the loss of cell adhesion and increased abilities of invasion and migration of neoplastic cells. The established cell lines and xenograft mouse models will aid in understanding the pathogenesis and developing novel treatments of canine histiocytic proliferative disorders.
Discussion On Failure Behavior of Piping Systems Under Extremely Large Seismic Loads in BDBE
Authors: Nakamura Izumi , Kasahara Naoto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To investigate the failure behavior of piping systems under severe seismic loads considering beyond design basis event (BDBE), an experimental approach to use pipes made of simulation materials was applied. "Simulation material" means the substitute material for steel to realize the structural experiment by the existing testing facilities. The simulation materials adopted in this study were pure lead (Pb) or lead-antimony (Pb-Sb) alloy. Using pipe elbows made of simulation materials, static loading tests on elbows and shaking table tests on simple piping system models composed of one or two elbows and an additional mass were conducted.
From the static loading tests, the load-deflection relationship of an elbow under monotonic loading was obtained as well as the fatigue failure modes under cyclic loading depending on the several cyclic displacement levels. From the shaking table tests, several failure modes were obtained, namely, "Collapse by self-weight", "Collapse by a few cycles of input", "Ratchet and subsequent collapse", "Overall deformation", and "No failure". It was considered that the occurrence of these failure modes was affected by the ratio of the input frequency to the specimen's natural frequency, the ratio of additional mass weight to the limit mass weight, the configuration of the specimen, and the input acceleration level. The experimental results indicated that it was crucial to understand the structure's ultimate behavior when treating BDBE, and that the research approach using simulation material is effective to investigate the ultimate behavior of piping systems.
A New Risk Assessment Model to Check Safety Threats to Long-Distance Pipelines
Authors: Lu Duhui , Cong Guangpei , Li Bing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the number of long-distance pipelines increasing in China, risk management has become important for controlling pipeline leakage. However, all the current assessment technologies are semiquantitative and do not include inspection data. To address this problem, a new quantitative risk assessment model is proposed to guide decision-making on excavation inspection and maintenance. Based on previous failure cases, the model includes data about the surrounding soils as well as about the pipeline's protective layer, cathodic protection (CP), and pipe wall thickness readings. Testing of the proposed model on previous failure cases shows that the new model can correctly assess the real leakage risk of a long-distance pipeline and support the quantitative integrity management of a long-distance pipeline during its whole service life.