bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT Muscle Density, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Associations With Physical Performance, Mobility Outcomes, and Mortality Risk in Older Men
Authors: Orwoll Eric S , Blackwell Terri , Cummings Steven R , Cauley Jane A , Lane Nancy E , Hoffman Andrew R , Burghardt Andrew J , Evans William J , Cawthon Peggy M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Muscle mass declines with age, while body adiposity increases. Sarcopenic obesity has been proposed to be particularly deleterious. However, previous methods for estimating muscle mass have been inadequate, and the relative contributions of total body fat versus muscle fat to adverse outcomes have been unclear.

Method
In a large cohort of older men (N = 1 017), we measured muscle mass (D3-creatine dilution), muscle density (high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the diaphyseal tibia) as a proxy of muscle fat, and total body fat (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). We examined their associations with physical performance (walking speed, grip strength, chair stand time), the risk of mobility outcomes (mobility limitations, mobility disability), and the risk of death over ~5 years.

Results
In combined models, lower muscle mass and muscle density were independently associated with worse physical performance and the risk of adverse outcomes, while total body fat was minimally related to physical performance and not related to mobility outcomes or mortality. For example, the relative risks for mortality per 1 standardized unit increase in muscle density, muscle mass, and total body fat were 0.84 (95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.96), 0.70 (0.57, 0.86), and 0.90 (0.64, 1.25), respectively.

Conclusions
Muscle mass and muscle density were associated with physical performance and adverse outcomes, and had independent, additive effects. There was little additional contribution of total body fat.
Anticipatory Coping Diversity: Implications for Emotional, Physical, and Cognitive Reactivity to Daily Stressors
Authors: Neupert Shevaun D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines the concept of anticipatory coping diversity, reflected in the evenness and richness of anticipatory coping strategies. The overarching goal of this study is to show how individual differences in anticipatory coping diversity are associated with emotional, physical, and cognitive reactivity to daily stressors and to examine whether these dynamic characteristics might differ between younger and older adults.

Methods
107 younger (M age = 19.44, range 18–36) and 116 older (M age = 64.71, range 60–90) participants reported on 1,627 total days via an online daily diary study. Participants reported baseline demographic information (Day 1) and anticipatory coping, stressor exposure, negative affect, physical symptoms, and memory failures (Days 2–9). Anticipatory coping diversity was indexed at the person level using Shannon’s entropy to capture the evenness and richness of anticipatory coping strategies across stressors.

Results
People with more anticipatory coping diversity were less emotionally reactive, but more physically and cognitively reactive to daily stressors. Older adults exhibited less anticipatory coping diversity than younger adults, but the patterns of anticipatory coping diversity differences in reactivity appeared to be consistent across younger and older adults.

Discussion
Anticipatory coping diversity reflects a useful index within the stress process that is associated with benefits as well as costs. These findings bridge dispositional and contextual approaches to coping and highlight the importance of understanding how deployment of coping strategies is related to well-being across the adult life span.
A Diagnostic Dilemma from a Presentation of Shortness of Breath and Chest Pain
Authors: Nichols Matthew , Silversides Candice K , Woo Anna , Leung Felix , Taher Jennifer , Zhou Qianghua , Brinc Davor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A patient presented to hospital with chest pain and shortness of breath on 2 occasions 4 weeks apart. Clinical examination revealed an elevated jugular venous pressure consistent with heart failure or elevated filling pressures.

Methods
The patient was investigated through various modalities including electrocardiogram (ECG), transthoracic echocardiogram, coronary angiography, MRI, cardiac catheterization, positron emission tomography, and an extensive laboratory workup.

Results
Serial hs TnI measurements consistently revealed grossly elevated troponin I (&gt;10 000 ng/L). In-lab investigation of increased high sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) showed evidence of falsely increased troponin due to the presence of heterophilic antibodies.

Discussion
This case demonstrates a complex patient presentation and the value of involving the laboratory medicine team when dealing with potentially discrepant results. This is a rare report of grossly elevated troponin due to heterophilic antibodies for high-sensitivity troponin Abbott assay.
Mercury Determination in Certifiable Color Additives Using Thermal Decomposition Amalgamation and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Phan Kha , Richardson Nicole , Hepp Nancy M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Color additives requiring batch certification by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) specification limits for certain elements and are usually analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). However, sensitivity for Hg is too low in some color additives.

Objective
The thermal decomposition amalgamation (TDA)-atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) technique was investigated for providing quick and accurate determinations of Hg in certifiable color additives.

Methods
Tests were performed to optimize conditions and test reliability of Hg determinations at and below the CFR specification limit of 1 mg/kg.

Results
Sensitivity is much improved over XRF, with limits of quantitation of 0.03 mg/kg for highly homogeneous color additives.

Conclusion
The TDA-AAS method can be used for determining Hg concentrations at and below the CFR specification limit. The technique is effective for all color additives, including those that are difficult to analyze by XRF, but less efficient for color additives that quickly deteriorate the catalyst. Regular quality checks using certified reference materials and in-house matrix-matched check standards are essential.

Highlights
The TDA-AAS method is applicable for use in routine color additive batch certification. Certain matrixes (notably those that release nitrogen or sulfur oxides or halogens upon combustion) necessitate more frequent replacement of the catalyst and recalibration, impacting productivity. Color additives containing BaSO4, in color additive lakes, that are difficult to analyze by other techniques, are well suited for TDA-AAS analysis.
Computational design and workspace analysis of a passive motion-scaling mechanism based on pantograph for microsurgery
Authors: Lee Tae-Hoon , Choi Dongeun , Lee Woosub 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Robot-assisted surgery has been extensively applied in various microsurgical disciplines owing to its enhanced accuracy and dexterity based on the motion-scaling function between a hand and a surgical instrument. However, the surgical robot system developed thus far incurs high manufacturing costs and restricted compatibility due to the complicated control system, including many actuators and sensors. This paper proposes a novel passive mechanism for motion scaling based on the pantograph structure to resolve these drawbacks of robotic assistance devices. As a first step, a design configuration featuring gravity compensation and the duplication of directional motion is suggested. Subsequently, the geometric dimensions required to satisfy the surgical space and structural constraints are defined. Moreover, the mass of elements required to enable gravity compensation is calculated using moment equations. After determining the principal design parameters, the motion scaling of the proposed passive model is identified using a three-dimensional computer-aided design. In addition, for an extremely precise operation in microsurgery, the dynamic reaction force is expected to be constant in any location. Therefore, to investigate dynamic dexterity, the mathematical model is formulated based on the Lagrangian dynamic equation. Then, the dynamic workspace range is analysed from the determinant of the mass matrix. In addition, the analysis results are evaluated through comparative simulations in different workspace ranges; hence, a constant reaction force can be achieved only in the dynamic workspace range.
How and why do bees buzz? Implications for buzz pollination
Authors: Vallejo-Marín Mario 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Buzz pollination encompasses the evolutionary convergence of specialized floral morphologies and pollinator behaviour in which bees use vibrations (floral buzzes) to remove pollen. Floral buzzes are one of several types of vibrations produced by bees using their thoracic muscles. Here I review how bees can produce these different types of vibrations and discuss the implications of this mechanistic understanding for buzz pollination. I propose that bee buzzes can be categorized according to their mode of production and deployment into: (i) thermogenic, which generate heat with little mechanical vibration; (ii) flight buzzes which, combined with wing deployment and thoracic vibration, power flight; and (iii) non-flight buzzes in which the thorax vibrates but the wings remain mostly folded, and include floral, defence, mating, communication, and nest-building buzzes. I hypothesize that the characteristics of non-flight buzzes, including floral buzzes, can be modulated by bees via modification of the biomechanical properties of the thorax through activity of auxiliary muscles, changing the rate of activation of the indirect flight muscles, and modifying flower handling behaviours. Thus, bees should be able to fine-tune mechanical properties of their floral vibrations, including frequency and amplitude, depending on flower characteristics and pollen availability to optimize energy use and pollen collection.
On the expressive power of Łukasiewicz square operator
Authors: Coniglio Marcelo E , Esteva Francesc , Flaminio Tommaso , Godo Lluís 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyze the expressive power of the square operator of Łukasiewicz logic: $\ast x=x\odot x$, where $\odot $ is the strong Łukasiewicz conjunction. In particular, we aim at understanding and characterizing those cases in which the square operator is enough to construct a finite MV-chain from a finite totally ordered set endowed with an involutive negation. The first of our main results shows that, indeed, the whole structure of MV-chain can be reconstructed from the involution and the Łukasiewicz square operator if and only if the obtained structure has only trivial subalgebras and, equivalently, if and only if the cardinality of the starting chain is of the form $n+1$ where $n$ belongs to a class of prime numbers that we fully characterize. Secondly, we axiomatize the algebraizable matrix logic whose semantics is given by the variety generated by a finite totally ordered set endowed with an involutive negation and Łukasiewicz square operator. Finally, we propose an alternative way to account for Łukasiewicz square operator on involutive Gödel chains. In this setting, we show that such an operator can be captured by a rather intuitive set of equations.
Line confusion in spectroscopic surveys and its possible effects: shifts in Baryon Acoustic Oscillations position
Authors: Massara Elena , Ho Shirley , Hirata Christopher M , DeRose Joseph , Wechsler Risa H , Fang Xiao 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Roman Space Telescope will survey about 17 million emission-line galaxies over a range of redshifts. Its main targets are Hα emission-line galaxies at low redshifts (z &lt; 2) and [O iii] emission-line galaxies at high redshifts (z &gt; 2). The Roman Space Telescope will estimate the redshift of these galaxies with single-line identification. This suggests that other emission-line galaxies may be misidentified as the main targets. In particular, it is hard to distinguish between the H β and [O iii] lines as the two lines are close in wavelength and hence the photometric information may not be sufficient to separate them reliably. Misidentifying H β emitter as [O iii] emitter will cause a shift in the inferred radial position of the galaxy by approximately 90 Mpc h−1. This length-scale is similar to the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale and could shift and broaden the BAO peak, possibly introduce errors in determining the BAO peak position. We qualitatively describe the effect of this new systematic and further quantify it with a light-cone simulation with emission-line galaxies. Our results show a systematic shift in the recovered isotropic BAO positions that depends on the percentage of interlopers (percentage of ${\rm H}\,\beta$) in the sample. The systematic shift can be as large as $0.1{-}0.3\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent} \, {\rm x}\, {{\%}}{\rm H}\,\beta$ for analysis performed at redshifts z = 1.3−1.9.
The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: dynamical evolution and atmospheric properties
Authors: Mancini L , Southworth J , Naponiello L , Baştürk Ö , Barbato D , Biagiotti F , Bruni I , Cabona L , D’Ago G , Damasso M , Erdem A , Evans D , Henning Th , Öztürk O , Ricci D , Sozzetti A , Tregloan-Reed J , Yalçınkaya S 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We present broad-band photometry of 30 planetary transits of the ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b, using five medium-class telescopes. The transits were monitored through standard $B,\, V,\, R,\, I$ filters and four were simultaneously observed from different places, for a total of 36 new light curves. We used these new photometric data and those from the TESS space telescope to review the main physical properties of the KELT-16 planetary system. Our results agree with previous measurements but are more precise. We estimated the mid-transit times for each of these transits and combined them with others from the literature to obtain 69 epochs, with a time baseline extending over more than 4 yr, and searched for transit time variations. We found no evidence for a period change, suggesting a lower limit for orbital decay at 8 Myr, with a lower limit on the reduced tidal quality factor of $Q^{\prime }_{\star }\gt (1.9 \pm 0.8) \times 10^5$ with $95{{\rm {per\ cent}}}$ confidence. We built up an observational, low-resolution transmission spectrum of the planet, finding evidence of the presence of optical absorbers, although with a low significance. Using TESS data, we reconstructed the phase curve finding that KELT-16 b has a phase offset of 25.25 ± 14.03 °E, a day- and night-side brightness temperature of 3190 ± 61 K and 2668 ± 56 K, respectively. Finally, we compared the flux ratio of the planet over its star at the TESS and Spitzer wavelengths with theoretical emission spectra, finding evidence of a temperature inversion in the planet’s atmosphere, the chemical composition of which is preferably oxygen-rich rather than carbon-rich.
Nucleolar TFIIE plays a role in ribosomal biogenesis and performance
Authors: Phan Tamara , Maity Pallab , Ludwig Christina , Streit Lisa , Michaelis Jens , Tsesmelis Miltiadis , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin , Iben Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a highly energy-demanding process in eukaryotes which requires the concerted action of all three RNA polymerases. In RNA polymerase II transcription, the general transcription factor TFIIH is recruited by TFIIE to the initiation site of protein-coding genes. Distinct mutations in TFIIH and TFIIE give rise to the degenerative disorder trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Here, we uncovered an unexpected role of TFIIE in ribosomal RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase I. With high resolution microscopy we detected TFIIE in the nucleolus where TFIIE binds to actively transcribed rDNA. Mutations in TFIIE affects gene-occupancy of RNA polymerase I, rRNA maturation, ribosomal assembly and performance. In consequence, the elevated translational error rate with imbalanced protein synthesis and turnover results in an increase in heat-sensitive proteins. Collectively, mutations in TFIIE—due to impaired ribosomal biogenesis and translational accuracy—lead to a loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) which can partly explain the clinical phenotype in TTD.
Oxidative stress-mediated epigenetic regulation by G-quadruplexes
Authors: Fleming Aaron M , Burrows Cynthia J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many cancer-associated genes are regulated by guanine (G)-rich sequences that are capable of refolding from the canonical duplex structure to an intrastrand G-quadruplex. These same sequences are sensitive to oxidative damage that is repaired by the base excision repair glycosylases OGG1 and NEIL1–3. We describe studies indicating that oxidation of a guanosine base in a gene promoter G-quadruplex can lead to up- and downregulation of gene expression that is location dependent and involves the base excision repair pathway in which the first intermediate, an apurinic (AP) site, plays a key role mediated by AP endonuclease 1 (APE1/REF1). The nuclease activity of APE1 is paused at a G-quadruplex, while the REF1 capacity of this protein engages activating transcription factors such as HIF-1α, AP-1 and p53. The mechanism has been probed by in vitro biophysical studies, whole-genome approaches and reporter plasmids in cellulo. Replacement of promoter elements by a G-quadruplex sequence usually led to upregulation, but depending on the strand and precise location, examples of downregulation were also found. The impact of oxidative stress-mediated lesions in the G-rich sequence enhanced the effect, whether it was positive or negative.
Strategies for Detecting Insincere Respondents in Online Polling
Authors: Kennedy Courtney , Hatley Nicholas , Lau Arnold , Mercer Andrew , Keeter Scott , Ferno Joshua , Asare-Marfo Dorene 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
While the migration of public opinion surveys to online platforms has often lowered costs and enhanced timeliness, it has also created new vulnerabilities. Respondents completing the same survey multiple times from different IP addresses, overseas workers posing as Americans, and algorithms designed to complete surveys are among the threats that have emerged in this new era. This paper is an attempt to measure the prevalence of such respondents and their impact on survey data quality, while demonstrating methodological approaches for doing so. Prior studies typically examine just one platform and rely on closed-ended questions and/or paradata (e.g., IP addresses) to identify untrustworthy interviews. This is problematic because such data are relatively easy for bad actors to fake. We carried out a large-scale study with an eye toward overcoming these limitations. This study examines the threat of insincere respondents using large samples from six online platforms: three opt-in survey panels, two address-recruited survey panels, and a crowdsourced sample. Rather than relying solely on closed-ended responses, we incorporated an analysis of 375,834 open-ended answers. By their very nature, open-ended questions offer a more sensitive indicator of whether a respondent is genuine or not. The study found that the incidence of insincere respondents varied significantly by the type of online sample. Critically, insincere respondents did not just answer at random, but rather they tended to select positive answer choices, introducing a small, systematic bias into estimates like presidential approval. Two common data-quality checks failed to detect most insincere respondents.
miR-23a contributes to T cellular redox metabolism in juvenile idiopathic oligoarthritis
Authors: Rajendiran Anandhi , Klemm Patricia , Schippers Anastasia , Scheufen Anja , Schwarz Tobias , Peitz Joachim , Brandenburg Lars-Ove , Wagner Norbert , Consolaro Alessandro , Raggi Federica , Bosco Maria Carla , Luedde Tom , Foell Dirk , Denecke Bernd , Horneff Gerd , Ohl Kim , Tenbrock Klaus 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
JIA is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin. The regulation of inflammatory processes involves multiple cellular steps including mRNA transcription and translation. Different miRNAs control these processes tightly. We aimed to determine the roles of specific miRNAs within JIA pathogenesis.

Methods
We performed a global miRNA expression analysis in parallel in cells from the arthritic joint and peripheral blood of oligoarticular JIA patients and healthy controls. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to verify expression of miRNA in T cells. Ex vivo experiments and flow cytometric analyses were used to analyse proliferation and redox metabolism.

Results
Global miRNA expression analysis demonstrated a different composition of miRNA expression at the site of inflammation compared with peripheral blood. Bioinformatic analysis of predicted miRNA target genes suggest a huge overrepresentation of genes involved in metabolic and oxidative stress pathways in the inflamed joint. Despite enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the local inflammatory milieu, JIA T cells are hyperproliferative and reveal an overexpression of miR-23a, which is an inhibitor of Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase F (PPIF), the regulator of mitochondrial ROS escape. Mitochondrial ROS escape is diminished in JIA T cells, resulting in their prolonged survival.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that miRNA-dependent mitochondrial ROS shuttling might be a mechanism that contributes to T cell regulation in JIA at the site of inflammation.
The Role of Biofilms in Chronic Otitis Media-Active Squamosal Disease: An Evaluative Study
Authors: Singh Gautam Bir , Malhotra Sonali , Yadav Subhash Chandra , Kaur Ravinder , Kwatra Devanshu , Kumar Sunil 
Published: September 2021

Objectives:
To study the presence of biofilms in patients of chronic otitis media (COM)-active squamosal disease and to evaluate the microflora and clinical impact of biofilms.

Methods:
A total of 35 patients suffering from COM – active squamosal disease was studied. Cholesteatoma sample was collected at the time of mastoid surgery and the same was used to image for biofilms by scanning electron microscope. The said sample was also analyzed microbiologically.

Results:
Biofilms were present in 25 (72%) patients including 6 cases of fungal biofilms (24%). Biofilms were detected irrespective of the micro-organism growth. No statistically significant relationship was observed between biofilms and discharging ear and complications of COM. Though univariate analysis of our data found some correlation between duration of disease, the extent of cholesteatoma and ossicular necrosis but multivariate analysis revealed no such associations, thereby implying a doubtful association between these factors and biofilm.

Conclusions:
Biofilms are an integral part of cholesteatoma ear disease and sometimes harbors fungal isolates.