bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and probabilistic health risk assessment in yogurt and butter in Iran
Authors: Kiani Amin , Ahmadloo Mahsa , Moazzen Mojtaba , Shariatifar Nabi , Shahsavari Saeed , Arabameri Majid , Hasani Mohammad Mahdi , Azari Ali , Abdel‐Wahhab Mosaad A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels and health risk of yogurt and butter samples collected from Tehran using MSPE/GC‐MS (magnetic solid‐phase extraction/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 0.040 to 0.060 and 0.121 to 0.181 μg/kg, respectively; with recoveries ranged from 86.1% to 100.3%. The highest mean of total PAHs was higher in butter (6.87 ± 1.21 μg/kg) than in yogurt (3.82 ± 0.54 μg/kg). The level of benzo (a)pyrene in all samples was lower than of standard levels of the European Union (EU). The highest value of all PAHs in samples was recorded in the winter season and also in the expiration date. The percentile 95% of the total hazard quotient (THQ) due to the consumption of yogurt and butter recorded 1.33E‐02 and 3.69E‐04 in adults and 6.12E‐02 and 1.75E‐03 in children, respectively. The percentile of 95% incremental lifetime of cancer risk (ILCR) due to the ingestion of yogurt and butter recorded 1.17E‐06 and 2.02E‐08 for adults and 5.51E‐06 and 9.46E‐08 for children, respectively. The rank order of 7 PAHs in adult and children based on P95% Hazard Quotient (HQ) in all samples was benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) > pyrene (P) > fluorene (F) > fluoranthene (Fl) > acenaphthylene (Ace) > anthracene (A) > naphthalene (NA). According to the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, health‐risk assessment showed that children and adults are not at significant health risk.
The timeliness of 10‐K filings, early filers, and effects of filing deadline changes
Authors: Brooks Li (Lily) Z. , Cheng Yun , Liu Linxiao , Yu Michael D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study documents the timeliness of 10‐K filings on EDGAR between 1997 and 2018. Consistent with prior studies, we show that firms tend to file around the statutory filing deadlines. We find that 10‐K filings become timelier over time, especially after the statutory filing deadline changes. Prior to deadline changes, we find early filers tend to be dormant state companies, shell companies, development stage companies, or financial entities, such as trusts, asset‐backed securities, mortgage certificates, and funds. Most of these early filers have little or zero assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. After deadline changes, however, we find firms with large market capitalization and better financial position and performance also report 10‐Ks early, indicating that early filers are not a random sample in recent years. Finally, we show that the changes of filing deadlines increase the number of early filers, but do not affect the proportion of late filers.
A novel COL2A1 mutation causing spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhou Tangjun , Yang Xiao , Chen Zhiqian , Zhou Yifan , Cao Xiankun , Zhao Changqing , Zhao Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita is an autosomal dominant cartilaginous dysplasia characterized by short trunk, abnormal epiphysis, and flattened vertebral body. Skeletal features of SEDC are present at birth and evolve over time. Other features of SEDC include myopia and/or retinal degeneration with retinal detachment and cleft palate. A mutation in the COL2A1 gene located in 12q13.11 is considered as one of the important causes of SEDC. In 2016, Barat‐Houari et al. reported a large number of COL2A1 mutations. Among them, a non‐synonymous mutation in COL2A1 exon 37, c.2437G>A (p. Gly813Arg), has been reported to cause SEDC in only one patient from France so far.MethodsWe followed up a patient with SEDC phenotype and his family members. The clinical manifestations, physical examination and imaging examination, including X‐ray, CT and MRI, were recorded. The whole‐exome sequencing was used to detect the patients' genes, and the pathogenic genes were screened out by comparing with many databases.ResultsWe report a Chinese patient with SEDC phenotype characterized by short trunk, abnormal epiphysis, flattened vertebral body, narrow intervertebral space, dysplasia of the odontoid process, chicken chest, scoliosis, hip and knee dysplasia, and joint hypertrophy. Gene sequencing analysis showed that the patient had a heterozygous mutation (c.2437G>A; p. Gly813Arg) in the COL2A1 gene. No COL2A1 mutation or SEDC phenotype was observed in his family members. This is the first report of SEDC caused by this mutation in an East Asian family.ConclusionThis report provides typical clinical, imaging, and genetic evidence for SEDC, confirming that a de novo mutation in the COL2A1 gene, c.2437G>A (p. Gly813Arg), causes SEDC in Chinese population.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic quality of oocytes derived from serum‐free culture of secondary follicles in vitro
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Huai‐Xiu , Wang Feng , Fan Li‐Hua , Zhao Zheng‐Hui , Han Feng , Li Jian , Lei Wen‐Long , Zhou Qian , Shi Ya‐Ping , Song Chun‐Ying , Schatten Heide , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Guo Xing‐Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn vitro culture of follicles is a promising technology to generate large quantities of mature oocytes and it could offer a novel option of assisted reproductive technologies. Here we described a 2‐dimensional follicular serum‐free culture system with 3‐dimensional effect that can make secondary follicles develop into antral follicles (78.52%), generating developmentally mature oocytes in vitro (66.45%). The oocytes in this serum‐free system completed the first meiosis; spindle assembly and chromosome congression in most oocytes matured from follicular culture were normal. However, these oocytes showed significantly lower activation and embryonic development rates, and their ability to produce Ca2+oscillations was also lower in response to parthenogenetic activation, after which a 2‐cell embryonic developmental block occurred. Oocytes matured from follicular culture displayed increased abnormal mitochondrial distribution and increased reactive oxygen species levels when compared to in vivo matured oocytes. These data are important for understanding the reasons for reduced developmental potential of oocytes matured from follicular culture, and for further improving the cultivation system.
Glucose deprivation‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response plays a pivotal role in enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity
Authors: Kalimuthu Kalishwaralal , Kim Jin Hong , Park Yong Seok , Luo Xu , Zhang Lin , Ku Ja‐Lok , Choudry M. Haroon A. , Lee Yong J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbnormalities of the tumor vasculature result in insufficient blood supply and development of a tumor microenvironment that is characterized by low glucose concentrations, low extracellular pH, and low oxygen tensions. We previously reported that glucose‐deprived conditions induce metabolic stress and promote tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL)‐induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether the metabolic stress‐associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway plays a pivotal role in the enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity. We observed no significant cytotoxicity when human colorectal cancer SW48 cells were treated with various doses of TRAIL (2–100 ng/ml) for 4 h or glucose (0–25 mM) for 24 h. However, a combination of TRAIL and low glucose‐induced dose‐dependent apoptosis through activation of caspases (‐8, ‐9, and ‐3). Studies with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), or death receptor 5 (DR5)‐deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts or HCT116 cells suggest that the ATF4–CHOP–PUMA axis and the ATF4–CHOP–DR5 axis are involved in the combined treatment‐induced apoptosis. Moreover, the combined treatment‐induced apoptosis was completely suppressed in BH3 interacting‐domain death agonist (Bid)‐ or Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax)‐deficient HCT116 cells, but not Bak‐deficient HCT116 cells. Interestingly, the combined treatment‐induced Bax oligomerization was suppressed in PUMA‐deficient HCT116 cells. These results suggest that glucose deprivation enhances TRAIL‐induced apoptosis by integrating the ATF4–CHOP–PUMA axis and the ATF4–CHOP–DR5 axis, consequently amplifying the Bid–Bax‐associated mitochondria‐dependent pathway.
A new type of electron microscope rapid collection device for atmospheric particles and its application cases
Authors: Sun Min , Sun Yi‐yuan , Qiao Cong , Zhang Xiao‐kai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA device for collecting atmospheric particulates matter for on‐line electron microscopy was designed and manufactured by using 3D modeling and printing technology. The device was used to collect atmospheric particulates matter in Xining city of Qinghai province for seven consecutive days and used to collect atmospheric particulates matter in Jinan city of Shandong province for 30 consecutive days. And the samples were analyzed by electron microscopy. Through it can obtain ultra structure and size distribution information of atmospheric particulates matter. The experimental results reflected the distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in real time. The on‐line acquisition device for electron microscopy is practical, fast, and convenient, which greatly shortens the sampling period and can be carried to any place outdoors for real‐time sampling. The morphological structure and particle size distribution of atmospheric particles in sampling area was observed by electron microscope. The device has reference value to the study of PM2.5 and PM10 in atmosphere and air pollution. This acquisition device is convenient for the detection of sample by electron microscopy. It can further expand and simplify the sampling technology of large‐scale instruments and equipment. This new method of real‐time monitoring of air pollution is worth popularizing and applying.
Automated Analysis of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Magnetic Resonance Elastography Exams for Prediction of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Dzyubak Bogdan , Li Jiahui , Chen Jie , Mara Kristin C. , Therneau Terry M. , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Ehman Richard L. , Allen Alina M. , Yin Meng 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the global population. The standard of diagnosis, biopsy, is invasive and affected by sampling error and inter‐reader variability. We hypothesized that widely available rapid MRI techniques could be used to predict nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) noninvasively by measuring liver stiffness, with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and liver fat, with chemical shift‐encoded (CSE) MRI. Besides, we validate an automated image analysis technique to maximize the utility of these methods.PurposeTo implement and test an automated system for analyzing CSE‐MRI and MRE data coupled with model‐based prediction of NASH.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEighty‐three patients with suspected NAFLD.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T using a flow‐compensated motion‐encoded gradient echo MRE sequence and a multiecho CSE‐MRI sequence.AssessmentsThe MRE and CSE‐MRI data were analyzed by two readers (5+ and 1 years of experience) and an automated algorithm. A logistic regression model to predict pathology‐diagnosed NASH was trained based on stiffness and proton density fat fraction, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated using 10‐fold cross validation for models based on both automated and manual measurements. A separate model was trained to predict the NASH severity score (NAS).Statistical TestsPearson's correlation, Bland–Altman, AUROC, C‐statistic.ResultsThe agreement between automated measurements and the more experienced reader (R2 = 0.87 for stiffness and R2 = 0.99 for proton density fat fraction [PDFF]) was slightly better than the agreement between readers (R2 = 0.85 and 0.98). The model for predicting biopsy‐diagnosed NASH had an AUROC of 0.87. The NAS‐prediction model had a C‐statistic of 0.85.Data ConclusionWe demonstrated a workflow that used a limited MRI acquisition protocol and fully automated analysis to predict NASH with high accuracy. These methods show promise to provide a reliable noninvasive alternative to biopsy for NASH‐screening in populations with NAFLD.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Functional Tumor Volume by Fast DynamicContrast‐Enhanced MRIfor Predicting Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Response inTriple‐NegativeBreast Cancer
Authors: Musall Benjamin C. , Abdelhafez Abeer H. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Mohamed Rania M.M. , Boge Medine , Le‐Petross Huong , Arribas Elsa , Lane Deanna L. , Spak David A. , Leung Jessica W.T. , Hwang Ken‐Pin , Son Jong Bum , Elshafeey Nabil A. , Mahmoud Hagar S. , Wei Peng , Sun Jia , Zhang Shu , White Jason B. , Ravenberg Elizabeth E. , Litton Jennifer K. , Damodaran Senthil , Thompson Alastair M. , Moulder Stacy L. , Yang Wei T. , Pagel Mark D. , Rauch Gaiane M. , Ma Jingfei 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI is useful for diagnosis and assessment of treatment response in breast cancer. Fast DCE MRI offers a higher sampling rate of contrast enhancement curves in comparison to conventional DCE MRI, potentially characterizing tumor perfusion kinetics more accurately for measurement of functional tumor volume (FTV) as a predictor of treatment response.PurposeTo investigate FTV by fast DCE MRI as a predictor of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) response in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC).Study TypeProspective.Population/SubjectsSixty patients with biopsy‐confirmed TNBC between December 2016 and September 2020.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/3Dfast spoiled gradient echo‐basedDCE MRIAssessmentPatients underwent MRI at baseline and after four cycles (C4) of NAST, followed by definitive surgery. DCE subtraction images were analyzed in consensus by two breast radiologists with 5 (A.H.A.) and 2 (H.S.M.) years of experience. Tumor volumes (TV) were measured on early and late subtractions. Tumors were segmented on 1 and 2.5‐minute early phases subtractions and FTV was determined using optimized signal enhancement thresholds. Interpolated enhancement curves from segmented voxels were used to determine optimal early phase timing.Statistical TestsTumor volumes were compared between patients who had a pathologic complete response (pCR) and those who did not using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAbout 26 of 60 patients (43%) had pCR. FTV at 1 minute after injection at C4 provided the best discrimination between pCR and non‐pCR, with AUC (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.85 (0.74,0.95) (P < 0.05). The 1‐minute timing was optimal for FTV measurements at C4 and for the change between C4 and baseline. TV from the early phase at C4 also yielded a good AUC (95%CI) of 0.82 (0.71,0.93) (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionFTV and TV measured at 1 minute after injection can predict response to NAST in TNBC.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy4
Effect of a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID‐19
Authors: Elalfy Hatem , Besheer Tarek , El‐Mesery Ahmed , El‐Gilany Abdel‐Hady , Soliman Mahmoud Abdel‐Aziz , Alhawarey Ahmed , Alegezy Mohamed , Elhadidy Tamer , Hewidy Asem A. , Zaghloul Hossam , Neamatallah Mustafa Ahmed Mohamed , Raafat Douaa , El‐Emshaty Wafaa M. , Abo El Kheir Nermin Y. , El‐Bendary Mahmoud 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis trial compared the rate and time of viral clearance in subjects receiving a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus Zinc versus those receiving supportive treatment. This non‐randomized controlled trial included 62 patients on the triple combination treatment versus 51 age‐ and sex‐matched patients on routine supportive treatment. all of them confirmed cases by positive reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction of a nasopharyngeal swab. Trial results showed that the clearance rates were 0% and 58.1% on the 7th day and 13.7% and 73.1% on the 15th day in the supportive treatment and combined antiviral groups, respectively. The cumulative clearance rates on the 15th day are 13.7% and 88.7% in the supportive treatment and combined antiviral groups, respectively. This trial concluded by stating that the combined use of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement effectively cleared the SARS‐COV2 from the nasopharynx in a shorter time than symptomatic therapy.
Dialkyl Sulfobetaine Surfactants Derived from Guerbet Alcohol Polyoxypropylene–Polyoxyethylene Ethers for SP Flooding of High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs
Authors: Chen Zhao , Li Yuanli , Liu Xiaomin , Cui Zhenggang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDialkyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (HSB) surfactants, C16GA‐(PO)5‐(EO)3‐HSB and C24GA‐(PO)10‐(EO)10‐HSB, were synthesized from Guerbet alcohols (GA) polyoxypropylene–polyoxyethylene (PO‐EO) ethers and their behaviors in surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding of high temperature and high salinity reservoirs were examined and compared with their anionic hydroxypropyl sulfonate (HS) counterparts, C16GA‐(PO)5‐(EO)3‐HS and C24GA‐(PO)10‐(EO)10‐HS. The PO‐EO chain embedded improves their aqueous solubility, and the sulfobetaines show better salt resistance than sulfonates. For a reservoir condition of total salinity 19,640 mg L−1 and 60–80°C, C16GA‐(PO)5‐(EO)3‐HSB alone can reduce crude oil/connate water interfacial tension (IFT) to ultralow at 0.25–5 mM, which can be further widened to 0.1–5 mM by mixing with dodecylhexyl (C12+6) glyceryl ether hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C12+6GE‐HSB), a slightly hydrophobic surfactant. C24GA‐(PO)10‐(EO)10‐HSB is more hydrophobic for the specified reservoir condition, however, by mixing with hexadecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (C16HSB), a hydrophilic surfactant, ultralow IFT can also be achieved at a total concentration of 0.25–5 mM. The anionic counterparts can also reduce IFT to ultralow by mixing with C12+6GE‐HSB and C16HSB, respectively. Moreover, the optimum binary mixture, C16GA‐(PO)5‐(EO)3‐HSB/C12+6GE‐HSB at a molar fraction ratio of 0.6/0.4, can keep the negatively charged solid surface water‐wet (θw = 12–23°) in a wide concentration range, and can still achieve ultralow IFT after stored at 90°C for 90 days (initially 5 mM), which overall are favor of improving oil displacement efficiency at high temperature and high salinity reservoir conditions.
Dynamics of land‐use changes and their future trends using spatial analysis and the CA‐Markov model—A case‐study with a special emphasis on aquaculture development in India
Authors: Jayanthi Marappan , Duraisamy Muthusamy , Thirumurthy Selvasekar , Samynathan Muthusamy , Muralidhar Moturi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLand resources utilized for aquaculture development have raised many environmental issues worldwide. But no detailed information is available about the land‐use changes due to aquaculture in comparison with other land use modifications. Hence, the land‐use changes and predictions have been explored in India's leading aquaculture region using multitemporal satellite images (1986–2016), spatial techniques, and land change modeling. Agriculture was the largest proportionate land use in the study area and consistently used for aquaculture and buildings. There were no aquaculture farms in 1986; however, their area had expanded to 12,575 ha by 1996 and further increased to 38,564 ha (207%) in 2006. It then reduced in area by 36% in 2016. Agricultural lands have been used for 74%, 66%, and 15% of aquaculture development during 1986–1996, 1996–2006, and 2006–2016, respectively. Scrublands and mudflats have been used for aquaculture growth between 6 and 22% and 1–2% at different periods of our study. Salt pans and mangroves were occasionally used (less than 0.5%) for aquaculture. Dynamic land‐use changes have been observed between agriculture and scrublands. The reconversion to agriculture occurred from the aquaculture area by 20 and 51% during 1996–2006 and 2006–2016, respectively. It is predicted that the aquaculture area will further reduce, but agriculture is likely to be used for aquaculture and for buildings, despite the existing ban. Land availability is a major limiting factor; thus, it will pose a significant challenge and lead to conflicts in the future if not planned for now.
Remarkably high and consistent tolerance of a Red Sea coral to acute and chronic thermal stress exposures
Authors: Evensen Nicolas R. , Fine Maoz , Perna Gabriela , Voolstra Christian R. , Barshis Daniel J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobal warming is resulting in unprecedented levels of coral mortality due to mass bleaching events and, more recently, marine heatwaves, where rapid increases in seawater temperature cause mortality within days. Here, we compare the response of a ubiquitous scleractinian coral, Stylophora pistillata, from the northern Red Sea to acute (7 h) and chronic (7–11 d) thermal stress events that include temperature treatments of 27°C (i.e., the local maximum monthly mean), 29.5°C, 32°C, and 34.5°C, and assess recovery of the corals following exposure. Overall, S. pistillata exhibited remarkably similar responses to acute and chronic thermal stress, responding primarily to the temperature treatment rather than duration or heating rate. Additionally, corals displayed an exceptionally high thermal tolerance, maintaining their physiological performance and suffering little to no loss of algal symbionts or chlorophyll a up to 32°C, before the host suffered from rapid tissue necrosis and mortality at 34.5°C. While there was some variability in physiological response metrics, photosynthetic efficiency measurements (i.e., maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm) accurately reflected the overall physiological response patterns, with these measurements used to produce the Fv/Fm effective dose (ED50) metric as a proxy for the thermal tolerance of corals. This approach produced similar ED50 values for the acute and chronic experiments (34.47°C vs. 33.81°C), highlighting the potential for acute thermal assays with measurements of Fv/Fm as a systematic and standardized approach to quantitively compare the upper thermal limits of reef‐building corals using a portable experimental system.