bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of the impact of COVID-19 on food decisions of economically disadvantaged families in Northern Ireland
Authors: Spyreli Eleni , McKinley Michelle C. , Woodside Jayne V. , Kelly Colette 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The first UK-wide lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19 had a serious financial impact on low-income households, a population already in higher risk of food insecurity and poor dietary choices. Qualitative data on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on food decisions of UK families are scarce. This study aimed to explore how the measures to control the spread of COVID-19 influenced the food-related decisions of socioeconomically deprived families in Northern Ireland.

Methods
A qualitative study captured data from online individual interviews. Participation was open for parents of children 2–17 years old living on a tight budget in urban and rural areas of Northern Ireland. A sampling matrix enabled equal representation of single- and two-parent households, as well as parents of younger children (<12y) and adolescents (≥12y). Data were collected by using the methods of Photovoice and mapping exercise. Data were analysed through a thematic approach.

Results
Twelve online interviews were conducted and five distinct themes were identified reflecting families’ food-related decisions that were affected by the COVID-19 lockdown: 1) food planning; 2) food purchasing; 3) meal preparation; 4) eating and feeding behaviours and 5) eating food prepared outside the house.

Conclusions
The restrictions put in place to inhibit the spread of COVID-19 influenced all aspects of dietary decisions of low-income families. Changes observed during this period included frequent consumption of homemade meals, but also increased unhealthy snacking. Infrequent food shopping encouraged good meal planning, but was also a barrier to securing adequate fresh food. Food-related support including school meal assistance contributed to families’ food security, particularly those of single parents.
The impact of high-risk medications on mortality risk among older adults with polypharmacy: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Huang Yun-Ting , Steptoe Andrew , Wei Li , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Polypharmacy is common among older people and is associated with an increased mortality risk. However, little is known about whether the mortality risk is related to specific medications among older adults with polypharmacy. This study therefore aimed to investigate associations between high-risk medications and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among older adults with polypharmacy.

Methods
This study included 1356 older adults with polypharmacy (5+ long-term medications a day for conditions or symptoms) from Wave 6 (2012/2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. First, using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering method, participants were grouped according to the use of 14 high-risk medication categories. Next, the relationship between the high-risk medication patterns and all-cause and cause-specific mortality (followed up to April 2018) was examined. All-cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model and competing-risk regression was employed for cause-specific mortality.

Results
Five high-risk medication patterns—a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors cluster, a mental health drugs cluster, a central nervous system (CNS) drugs cluster, a RAAS inhibitors and antithrombotics cluster, and an antithrombotics cluster—were identified. The mental health drugs cluster showed increased risks of all-cause (HR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.05, 2.28) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (SHR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.10, 4.05) mortality compared with the CNS drug cluster over 6 years, while others showed no differences in mortality. Among these patterns, the mental health drugs cluster showed the highest prevalence of antidepressants (64.1%), benzodiazepines (10.4%), antipsychotics (2.4%), antimanic agents (0.7%), opioids (33.2%), and muscle relaxants (21.5%). The findings suggested that older adults with polypharmacy who took mental health drugs (primarily antidepressants), opioids, and muscle relaxants were at higher risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, compared with those who did not take these types of medications.

Conclusions
This study supports the inclusion of opioids in the current guidance on structured medication reviews, but it also suggests that older adults with polypharmacy who take psychotropic medications and muscle relaxants are prone to adverse outcomes and therefore may need more attention. The reinforcement of structured medication reviews would contribute to early intervention in medication use which may consequently reduce medication-related problems and bring clinical benefits to older adults with polypharmacy.
Association of three micro-RNA gene polymorphisms with the risk of cervical cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Geng Junze , Zhang Qiang , Fan Yihua , Qi Zijun , Xia Tian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective
Regulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in micro-RNA (miRNA) on the host cells may be one of the most important factors influencing the occurrence of cervical cancer based on the prevalence of HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. In order to explore the contribution of miRNA polymorphism to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, we conducted an analytical study.

Methods
We selected the polymorphisms of three widely studied miRNAs (miRNA-146a rs2910164, miRNA-499 rs3746444, and miRNA-196a2 rs11614913). Then, we conducted a meta-analysis (for the first time) to investigate their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Case control studies on the correlation between these three miRNAs and cervical cancer susceptibility were investigated by searching on from Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database. Basic characteristics were recorded and meta-analysis of the case studies was performed using the STATA 15.1 software.

Results
The miRNA-146a rs2910164 mutation significantly reduced the risk of cervical cancer in both recessive model (OR = 0.804, 95% CI = 0.652-0.992, P = 0.042; CC vs. CG+GG) and allelic model (OR = 0.845, 95% CI = 0.721-0.991, P = 0.038; C vs. G). There was no significant correlation between miRNA-499 rs3746444 and the risk of cervical cancer. The miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 mutation was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer in homozygous model (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.447-0.919, P = 0.016; TT vs. CC), dominant model (OR = 0.795, 95% CI = 0.636-0.994, P = 0.045; CT+TT vs. CC), recessive model (OR = 0.698, 95% CI = 0.532-0.917, P = 0.01; TT vs. CC+CT), and allelic models (OR = 0.783, 95% CI = 0.643-0.954, P = 0.015, T vs. C).

Conclusion
In summary, this meta-analysis shows that the mutant genotypes of miRNA-146a rs2910164 and miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 are associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, they may be two gene regulatory points for the prevention of cervical cancer.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42021270079.
Anaclitic-sociotropic and introjective-autonomic personality dimensions and depressive symptoms: a systematic review
Authors: Marfoli Angelica , Viglia Federica , Di Consiglio Micaela , Merola Sheila , Sdoia Stefano , Couyoumdjian Alessandro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSociotropy (anaclitic) and autonomy (introjective) are conceptualised as two personality dimensions that confer vulnerability to depression. According to Blatt and Beck’s theories, sociotropic individuals exhibit distinctive patterns of symptoms such as prominent anxiety, depressed mood, helplessness, crying and somatic concerns, while self-critical ones seem to exhibit a pattern of symptoms including prominent guilt, hopelessness, feelings of failure and worthlessness and other cognitive symptoms.This systematic review was performed with the aim of investigating whether and to what extent psychological dimensions of anaclitic-sociotropic and introjective-autonomy are related to a specific core of depressive symptoms. The search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus) and 27 articles were selected.Results showed a weak association between somatic symptoms and dependent personality traits, while the relationship between self-criticism and cognitive symptomatology was significantly higher. These findings are discussed in the context of future research, necessary to corroborate the existence of a form of depression characterised by somatic features usually ignored by diagnostic criteria, essential to direct psychological treatments to these depressive personality differences.
A case of catatonia in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic: does autism spectrum matter?
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Amatori Giulia , Gesi Camilla , Carmassi Claudia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
There is growing concern about the psychopathological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prolonged stress due to the spreading fear of the contagion and to the enforced containment measures are deemed to trigger recurrences of preexisting mental disorders as well as the onset of new ones. From such perspective, clinical cases may be of primary ground to identify individual features and pandemic-related factors predisposing to the development of serious psychiatric symptoms.

Case presentation
Mr. R. is a 64-year-old, married, unemployed man, whose premorbid personality was characterized by relevant autistic traits. The patient developed catatonia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at discussing the role of both preexisting and precipitating factors.

Conclusions
Autism spectrum could represent a predisposing factor for severe psychopathological outcome and catatonia. Furthermore, the present clinical case highlights the role of COVID-19 pandemic in influencing physical and mental health.
Persisting neuroendocrine abnormalities and their association with physical impairment 5 years after critical illness
Authors: Vanhorebeek Ilse , Derese Inge , Gunst Jan , Wouters Pieter J. , Hermans Greet , Van den Berghe Greet 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Critical illness is hallmarked by neuroendocrine alterations throughout ICU stay. We investigated whether the neuroendocrine axes recover after ICU discharge and whether any residual abnormalities associate with physical functional impairments assessed 5 years after critical illness.

Methods
In this preplanned secondary analysis of the EPaNIC randomized controlled trial, we compared serum concentrations of hormones and binding proteins of the thyroid axis, the somatotropic axis and the adrenal axis in 436 adult patients who participated in the prospective 5-year clinical follow-up and who provided a blood sample with those in 50 demographically matched controls. We investigated independent associations between any long-term hormonal abnormalities and physical functional impairments (handgrip strength, 6-min walk distance, and physical health-related quality-of-life) with use of multivariable linear regression analyses.

Results
At 5-year follow-up, patients and controls had comparable serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine-binding globulin, whereas patients had higher reverse T3 (rT3, p = 0.0002) and lower T3/rT3 (p = 0.0012) than controls. Patients had comparable concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), but higher IGFBP3 (p = 0.030) than controls. Total and free cortisol, cortisol-binding globulin and albumin concentrations were comparable for patients and controls. A lower T3/rT3 was independently associated with lower handgrip strength and shorter 6-min walk distance (p ≤ 0.036), and a higher IGFBP3 was independently associated with higher handgrip strength (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
Five years after ICU admission, most hormones and binding proteins of the thyroid, somatotropic and adrenal axes had recovered. The residual long-term abnormality within the thyroid axis was identified as risk factor for long-term physical impairment, whereas that within the somatotropic axis may be a compensatory protective response. Whether targeting of the residual abnormality in the thyroid axis may improve long-term physical outcome of the patients remains to be investigated.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00512122, registered on July 31, 2007 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00512122).

Graphical Abstract
Update to the study protocol for an implementation-effectiveness trial comparing two education strategies for improving the uptake of noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe COPD exacerbation
Authors: Stefan Mihaela S. , Pekow Penelope S. , Shea Christopher M. , Hughes Ashley M. , Hill Nicholas S. , Steingrub Jay S. , Farmer Mary Jo S. , Hess Dean R. , Riska Karen L. , Clark Taylar A. , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
There is strong evidence that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improves the outcomes of patients hospitalized with severe COPD exacerbation, and NIV is recommended as the first-line therapy for these patients. Yet, several studies have demonstrated substantial variation in NIV use across hospitals, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. In addition, prior studies suggested that efforts to increase NIV use in COPD need to account for the complex and interdisciplinary nature of NIV delivery and the need for team coordination. Therefore, our initial project aimed to compare two educational strategies: online education (OLE) and interprofessional education (IPE), which targets complex team-based care in NIV delivery. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on recruitment and planned intervention, we had made several changes in the study design, statistical analysis, and implementation strategies delivery as outlined in the methods.

Methods
We originally proposed a two-arm, pragmatic, cluster, randomized hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial comparing two education strategies to improve NIV uptake in patients with severe COPD exacerbation in 20 hospitals with a low baseline rate of NIV use. Due to logistical constrains and slow recruitment, we changed the study design to an opened cohort stepped-wedge design with three steps which will allow the institutions to enroll when they are ready to participate. Only the IPE strategy will be implemented, and the education will be provided in an online virtual format. Our primary outcome will be the hospital-level risk-standardized NIV proportion for the period post-IPE training, along with the change in rate from the period prior to training. Aim 1 will compare the change over time of NIV use among patients with COPD in the step-wedged design. Aim 2 will explore the mediators’ role (respiratory therapist autonomy and team functionality) on the relationship between the implementation strategies and effectiveness. Finally, in Aim 3, through interviews with providers, we will assess the acceptability and feasibility of the educational training.

Conclusion
The changes in study design will result in several limitation. Most importantly, the hospitals in the three cohorts are not randomized as they enroll based on their readiness. Second, the delivery of the IPE is virtual, and it is not known if remote education is conducive to team building. However, this study will be among the first to test the impact of IPE in the inpatient setting carefully and may generalize to other interventions directed to seriously ill patients.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT04206735. Registered on December 20, 2019;
Using the co-expression network of T cell-activation-related genes to assess the disease activity in Takayasu’s arteritis patients
Authors: Tian Yixiao , Li Jing , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
There have been lacking reliable serum biomarkers in assessing the disease activity of Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). This study aimed to assess the disease activity of TAK by assayed gene expression levels in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Methods
The expression level of genes that essential in T cell activation in PBMCs in active TAK patients, inactive TAK patients, and healthy controls were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, including TCR, CD28, CD40, CD40L, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, TIGIT, TIM3, LAG3, CCL5, T-bet, RORC, and FOXP3. Gene co-expression network was established, and the signature of the topology structure in active TAK patients compared to the inactive TAK patients were extracted and described by formulas. Respectively, the disease activity was assessed by the routine serum biomarkers, including ESR, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, the gene expression level of TCR, CD28, T-bet, and RORC, as well as the signature of the topology structure, and the diagnostic efficacies were compared.

Results
Compared with the inactive TAK patient group, the active TAK patient group had a greater clustering coefficient in the network consisting of genes that essential in T cell activation. When assessing the disease activity used this signature of topology structure, the sensitivity was 90.9%, the specificity was 100%, and the AUC was 0.98, which was greater than the AUCs of these biomarkers.

Conclusions
The signature of the topology structure could distinguish the active TAK patients from inactive TAK patients. This maybe is a novel evaluation algorithm of disease activity.
French Bulldogs differ to other dogs in the UK in propensity for many common disorders: a VetCompass study
Authors: O’Neill Dan G. , Packer Rowena M.A. , Francis Peter , Church David B. , Brodbelt Dave C. , Pegram Camilla 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The French Bulldog is a highly popular dog breed but is linked with many serious health issues. A holistic view of breed health in French Bulldogs would assist efforts to appreciate the overall health strengths and weaknesses in the French Bulldog and to take appropriate steps to mitigate these.
Based on random sampling of French Bulldogs and non-French Bulldogs under primary veterinary care during 2016 within the VetCompass Programme, a cohort study design was used to estimate the one-year (2016) period prevalence of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in each group. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling methods.

Results
The analysis included 2,781 French Bulldogs and 21,850 non-French Bulldogs. French Bulldogs were younger (1.51 years, IQR 0.86 – 2.77 vs. 4.48 years, IQR 1.94 – 8.14) (p < 0.001) and lighter (12.45 kg, IQR 11.00 – 14.03 versus 13.80 kg, IQR 8.10 – 25.12) (p < 0.001) than non-French Bulldogs. Of 43 common specific-level disorders across both groups, French Bulldogs had significantly increased adjusted odds of 20/43 (46.5 %) disorders and significantly reduced adjusted odds of 11/43 (25.6 %) disorders compared to non-French Bulldogs. Highly predisposed disorders in French Bulldogs included stenotic nares (OR 42.14; 95 % CI 18.50 to 95.99; p < 0.001), Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (OR 30.89; 95 % CI 20.91 to 45.64; p < 0.001), aural discharge (OR 14.40; 95 % CI 9.08 to 22.86; p < 0.001), skin fold dermatitis (OR 11.18; 95 % CI 7.19 to 17.40; p < 0.001) and dystocia (OR 9.13; 95 % CI 5.17 to 16.13; p < 0.001). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, French Bulldogs had increased adjusted odds of 12/32 (37.5 %) disorders and reduced adjusted odds of 6/32 (18.8 %) disorders compared to non-French Bulldogs.

Conclusions
These results identified ultra-predispositions with worryingly higher odds in French Bulldogs for several disorders, suggesting that the health of French Bulldogs has diverged substantially from, and may be lower than, the health of the wider non-French Bulldog population. Many of these predispositions are closely associated with the conformational extremes that define the French Bulldog breed. Shifting the typical conformation of the French Bulldog population towards a more moderate phenotype is proposed as a logical opportunity to reduce the serious health issues endemic in the French Bulldog breed.
Modelling of geomagnetically induced currents in the Czech transmission grid
Authors: Švanda Michal , Smičková Anna , Výbošťoková Tatiana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigate the maximum expected magnitudes of the geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the Czech transmission power network. We compute a model utilising the Lehtinen–Pirjola method, considering the plane-wave model of the geoelectric field, and using the transmission network parameters kindly provided by the operator. We find that the maximum amplitudes expected in the nodes of the Czech transmission grid during the Halloween storm-like event are about 15 A. For the “extreme-storm” conditions with a 1-V/km geoelectric field, the expected maxima do not exceed 40 A. We speculate that the recently proven statistical correlation between the increased geomagnetic activity and anomaly rate in the power grid may be due to the repeated exposure of the devices to the low-amplitude GICs.Graphical Abstract
Schools as spaces for in/exclusion of young Mainland Chinese students and families in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Maggi W. H. , Waters Johanna L. , Ki Yutin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAround 30,000 children living in Shenzhen, Mainland China cross the border to Hong Kong to attend school every day. This paper focuses on the school as a key meso-level organisation that mediates macro-level policies and micro-level everyday life experiences among these children and their families. We advocate a relational, spatial perspective, conceptualising schools as webs of intersecting physical, social and digital spaces, where differences between the “locals” and “others” are played out, negotiated and (re)produced, and in turn giving rise to specific (and understudied) geographies of in/exclusion. Drawing on our qualitative research, we offer a close reading of three exemplary school spaces: (i) the physical classroom and school grounds, (ii) the digital classroom, and (iii) at the school gate. Our findings demonstrate the complex and at times contradictory ways in which “the school” is a place of both inclusion and exclusion. It is a dynamic and power-traversed space where social differences between the “locals” and the “others” are played out, contested and redefined continuously.
Effective damping of local low frequency oscillations in power systems integrated with bulk PV generation
Authors: Abd El-Kareem Ahmed Hesham , Abd Elhameed Mohamed , Elkholy Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh penetration of renewable sources into conventional power systems results in reduction of system inertia and noticeable low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) in the rotor speed of synchronous generators. In this paper, we propose effective damping of LFOs by incorporating a supplementary damping controller with a photovoltaic (PV) generating station, where the parameters of this controller are coordinated optimally with those of a power system stabilizer (PSS). The proposed method is applied to damp local electromechanical modes by studying a system comprising a synchronous generator and a PV station connected to an infinite bus. The PV station is modeled following the instructions of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. The problem is modeled as an optimization problem, where the damping ratio of the electromechanical modes is designed as the objective function. Constraints including upper and lower limits of decision parameters and damping ratio of other modes are considered by imposing penalties on the objective function. Different optimization algorithms are used to pursue the optimal design, such as political, improved gray wolves and equilibrium optimizers. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller with PSS in damping local modes of oscillations.