bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a brief motivational intervention in the immediate postpartum period on breastfeeding self‐efficacy: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Santano‐Mogena Esperanza , Sánchez‐García Pablo , Chimento‐Díaz Sara , Cordovilla‐Guardia Sergio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBrief motivational intervention (bMI) is a therapeutic approach that encourages self‐efficacy and may have a positive effect on breastfeeding self‐efficacy (BSE). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a bMI in increasing BSE in women who started breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period and to explore the roles of general self‐efficacy and other baseline variables in this relationship. A randomized, parallel‐group clinical trial was carried out. A bMI was compared with an educational session on breastfeeding. Changes in BSE and its dimensions and the interaction and mediation/moderation of general self‐efficacy and other variables were analyzed. BSE increased in the bMI group from a mean baseline score of 59.14 (±9.35) to 64.62 (±7.91) at 1st month (p < 0.001). An interaction was found in that only women with higher education had an improvement in BSE during the follow‐up period that was attributable to the bMI (mean difference between the bMI and the attention control group: 18.25 (95% confidence interval: 5.86–30.19; p = 0.006). This interaction was not found for the changes produced in the intrapersonal thoughts dimension of BSE, whose scores were higher in the bMI group at 3 and 6 months. General self‐efficacy exerted a moderating effect on the association of bMI with BSE change. The effect of bMI was no longer significant when the general self‐efficacy score was above 84. Thus, bMI is effective in increasing BSE. This effectiveness was limited by the mother's educational level and moderated by baseline general self‐efficacy.
A Quantitative Molecular Orbital Perspective of the Chalcogen Bond
Authors: de Azevedo Santos Lucas , van der Lubbe Stephanie C. C. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Matthias Bickelhaupt F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have quantum chemically analyzed the structure and stability of archetypal chalcogen‐bonded model complexes D2Ch⋅⋅⋅A− (Ch = O, S, Se, Te; D, A = F, Cl, Br) using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐M06/QZ4P. Our purpose is twofold: (i) to compute accurate trends in chalcogen‐bond strength based on a set of consistent data; and (ii) to rationalize these trends in terms of detailed analyses of the bonding mechanism based on quantitative Kohn‐Sham molecular orbital (KS‐MO) theory in combination with a canonical energy decomposition analysis (EDA). At odds with the commonly accepted view of chalcogen bonding as a predominantly electrostatic phenomenon, we find that chalcogen bonds, just as hydrogen and halogen bonds, have a significant covalent character stemming from strong HOMO−LUMO interactions. Besides providing significantly to the bond strength, these orbital interactions are also manifested by the structural distortions they induce as well as the associated charge transfer from A− to D2Ch.
Synthesis of Tetra‐Substituted Trifluoromethyl‐3,1‐Benzoxazines by Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cyclization of N‐Benzoyl Benzoxazinones
Authors: Uno Hiroto , Fujimoto Daichi , Harada Kyosuke , Tanaka Chika , Shibata Norio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEfficient synthesis of N,O‐heterocyclic tetra‐substituted trifluoromethyl‐3,1‐benzoxazines via a transition‐metal‐catalyzed decarboxylative intramolecular cyclization was achieved. The decarboxylation of N‐benzoyl trifluoromethyl‐benzoxazinones generated the amide oxygen nucleophile, allowing a selective internal C1‐attack on Pd‐ or Cu‐coordinated zwitterions, affording medicinally attractive tetra‐substituted vinyl‐ or ethynyl‐trifluoromethyl‐3,1‐benzoxazines. This protocol can be applied to the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl‐ and non‐fluorinated 3,1‐benzoxazines.
Scientifically framed gene drive communication perceived as credible but riskier
Authors: MacDonald Edith A. , Edwards Eric D. , Balanovic Jovana , Medvecky Fabien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Humans have caused a catastrophic decline to animal species and look to emerging technologies to stop the decline. Gene drive is a potential tool that may eradicate invasive rodents known for their devastating impact on native animals. The use of gene drive will be significantly influenced by public opinion and support, thus early dialogue with society is needed.

Framing is a communication technique in which certain beliefs or values are emphasized that resonate with the target audience. Framing may increase how much people objectively think about new information and update their opinions; framing may mitigate emotive and polarising public opinion of contentious topics.

Four framed articles were developed that aligned to values of four pre‐identified segments (scientific, humanitarian, pragmatic and individualistic). A representative sample of New Zealanders (n = 1,600) read two frames (one aligning to their segment and one to another segment) and were surveyed. Four constructs were measured: (a) public support for gene drive for conservation gains; (b) motivated reasoning (how fixed the opinion is and thus susceptible to bias processing); (c) affective response (how emotive the topic is) and (d) risk perception (the extent the tool is perceived as detrimental to humans and nature).

Our study found no evidence of motivated reasoning or heightened emotional response to the counter‐aligned frames, suggesting gene drive remains a new topic to the public and entrenched opinion has not been established. While the scientifically framed article was regarded as the most objective and credible, it elicited the greatest perception of risk from the humanitarian group. While current support for gene drive is currently high amongst this group, long‐term exposure to scientifically framed messages may result in reduced support and polarisation. Communicating with this group using language that recognises the sanctity of all life and humaneness of gene drive may be more effective in facilitating an open dialogue over time.

Early and effective public engagement about gene drive should occur prior to entrenched public attitudes, which is the current context in New Zealand, and not wait for further technology development.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Antibacterial activities of centrifugally spun polyethylene oxide/silver composite nanofibers
Authors: Hasan Md Toukir , Gonzalez Ramiro , Chipara Mircea , Materon Luis , Parsons Jason , Alcoutlabi Mataz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractComposite nanofibers were prepared successfully by centrifugal spinning of poly(ethylene oxide) aqueous solutions containing silver nanoparticles. The core focus of the present work is to carefully evaluate the antibacterial activity of poly(ethylene oxide)–Ag composite nanofibers in the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) bacteria. Centrifugally spun nanofibers were obtained from poly(ethylene oxide)–Ag precursor solutions with different Ag nanoparticle loadings. The process parameters such as the spinneret rotational speed, collector‐spinneret distance, and relative humidity were optimized to obtain fine fibers. The complex morphology and flexible structure of the poly(ethylene oxide)–Ag composite fibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The composite nanofibers have been proven as a strong antibacterial agent against E. coli and B. cereus due to their capacity to form superior inhibition zones. The efficiency of inhibiting bacteria by nanofibers was over 98%. The workability of the bacteria was impeded by the nanofibrous membrane as the Ag nanoparticles presented an effective chemical ability to dysfunction the bacterial structure at the nanoscale. These results demonstrate that the centrifugally spun poly(ethylene oxide)–Ag nanofibers are promising antibacterial agents for biomedical applications.
Generosity in dictator game and social value orientation predicted the type of costly punishment in ultimatum game
Authors: Li Jing , Cheng Nanhua , Hou Wenwen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study investigated two types of punishment (prosocial and proself punishment) in the ultimatum game (UG) and examined the impact of individuals' prosocial orientation on the costly punishment in the UG in a representative sample of Chinese undergraduate students (N = 344). The prosocial orientation was measured with individuals' performance in the dictator game (DG), social value orientation (SVO), and the personal norm of reciprocity. Prosocial and proself punishers were established with responses in advantage and disadvantage offers in the UG. Results showed that prosocial and proself punishers coexisted in the UG, and prosocial punishers were more likely to be prosocial in SVO and allocated more resources to the recipient in the DG than proself punishers, but differences in positive/negative reciprocity between prosocial and proself punishers were not found. Further regression analysis found that SVO type and generosity in the DG could predict the type of punishers in the UG, but not positive/negative reciprocity. These findings indicate that individuals rejecting unfair offers in the UG may be motivated by either prosocial motivation with strict fairness concern (prosocial punishment) or selfish motivation with maximizing self‐interest concern (proself punishment). Moreover, SVO type and generosity in the DG might be effective measures to discriminate prosocial and proself punishers in the UG.
Thermodynamic analysis of micelles formation of anionic surfactant SDS in the presence of aqueous and aqueous solution of ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Katal Arjuna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, the experimental conductivity, fluorescence, and UV spectroscopy study have been done for aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and in aqueous ionic liquid (IL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim][Cl] solutions at a temperature of 298.15 K. Experimental conductivity measurement has been done at different temperatures from 298.15 to 308.15 K. Moreover, the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of the mentioned systems were determined by different methods; furthermore, the CMC values have been utilized to originate the values of thermodynamical parameters of micellization like standard enthalpy of micellization (
), the standard free energy of micellization (
), and standard entropy of micellization (
). Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectra have been recorded to investigate the interactions and structural changes that occurred in the mixed system. Work has been discussed in terms of the effect of the aqueous IL solution on the micellization process of the SDS.
Access and benefit‐sharing DNA Componentry for plant synthetic biology: Bioparts expressed in plant chassis
Authors: Rourke Michelle 
Published: February 2021

Societal Impact StatementThe “Parts Agenda” is an approach to synthetic biology that fragments genetic resources into functional bioparts to help design and build biological devices and systems. Access and benefit‐sharing (ABS), and the issue of how to regulate digital sequence information (DSI) within the current ABS regime, poses a problem for synthetic biology because it assumes fragmented and abstracted bioparts can be traced to their country of origin for the purposes of benefit‐sharing, and that contributions to information and knowledge can be quantified and appropriately valued. Any DSI regulatory solutions should account for genetic resource fragmentation and other complexities of modern scientific practice.Summary

The inclusion of digital sequence information (DSI, including genetic sequence data) in the existing access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) regime will alter the practice of synthetic biology. The potential impediments could be magnified for the “Parts Agenda”: the approach to synthetic biology that fragments genetic resources into their smallest functional units to create standardized, interchangeable “bioparts”, the building blocks for assembling synthetic biological devices. These biological devices are themselves interchangeable and can be used to engineer higher order synthetic biological systems.
This article examines how the extension of ABS laws to include DSI could foreseeably apply to the creation and use of plant‐derived and other bioparts in engineered biological devices expressed in plant chassis.
The article demonstrates that ABS issues will be similar for all approaches to synthetic biology, but that the Parts Agenda is uniquely exposed to the potential regulatory burden of bilateral ABS transactions between users and providers of genetic resources.
The original vision for bioparts was one of openness and sharing, with access and use unencumbered by intellectual property. This article shows that open access to bioparts will not last long if DSI is enclosed within the current ABS regime, destabilizing the values of openness and sharing in synthetic biology that are ostensibly foundational to this still developing field.
Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate in the Presence of Copper Tungsten Oxide (CuWO4)
Authors: Jain Sunil , Varma Vijay K. , Mahajan Anil K. , Khire Vrushali H. , Kandasubramanian Balasubramanian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe catalytic effect of copper tungsten oxide (CuWO4) was investigated on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) using differential scanning calorimetry. A lowering of the high‐temperature decomposition peak temperature of AP was observed due to catalytic effect of copper tungsten oxide particles, now referred to as CTO in this paper henceforth. The kinetic parameters were evaluated using the Kissinger method. The decrease in the activation energy confirmed the catalytic activity of CTO. Further, CTO was evaluated in a standard composite propellant formulation having 86 % solid loading. Propellant performance and processing parameters such as the end of mix (EOM) viscosity, density, burning rate, pressure exponent (n‐value), etc. were measured for standard as well as a composition containing 1 % CTO. The results revealed that at 1 % level CTO causes more than 36 % increase in propellant burning rate compared to the standard propellant composition at 6.86 MPa pressure. The pressure exponent also increased to 0.48, whereas the standard composition was having its value of 0.41.
Measuring migration motives with open‐ended survey data: Methodological and conceptual issues
Authors: Gillespie Brian Joseph , Mulder Clara H. , Eggleston Casey M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMotives for migration are difficult to measure. Open‐ended data collection can be an attractive option, but also comes with pitfalls. We use the “Motives for Migration” survey on internal migration in Sweden to identify some of these pitfalls. We identify five categories of methodological issues: how the respondents—and we—dealt with multiple motives for migration; who the motive pertained to (i.e., the respondents themselves or someone else in the household); whether the motive was related to a status or an event; which third‐party person(s) the respondent meant to refer to; and which geographical unit the motive pertained to. We also identify two conceptual issues: (1) the distinction between reasons for moving and location choice and (2) the distinction between moving “from” and moving “to” somewhere. We present some suggestions that will be useful for future attempts to study the topic and possibly such other topics as motives for immigration, getting married, or leaving the parental home.
Objective Bayesian inference for the capability index of the Gamma distribution
Authors: de Almeida Marcello Henrique , Ramos Pedro Luiz , Rao Gadde Srinivasa , Moala Fernando Antonio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Gamma distribution has been applied in research in several areas of knowledge, due to its good flexibility and adaptability nature. Process capacity indices like are widely used when the measurements related to the data follow a normal distribution. This article aims to estimate the index for nonnormal data using the Gamma distribution. We discuss maximum likelihood estimation and a Bayesian analysis through the Gamma distribution using an objective prior, known as a matching prior that can return Bayesian estimates with good properties for the . A comparative study is made between classical and Bayesian estimation. The proposed Bayesian approach is considered with the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to generate samples of the posterior distribution. A simulation study is carried out to verify whether the posterior distribution presents good results when compared with the classical approach in terms of the mean relative errors and the mean square errors, which are the two commonly used metrics to evaluate the parameter estimators. Based on the real dataset, Bayesian estimates and credibility intervals for unknown parameters and the prior distribution are achieved to verify if the process is under control.
Teaching sciences and mathematics – A challenge for higher education institutions: A systematic review
Authors: Vedrenne‐Gutiérrez Fernand , Altamirano‐Bustamante Myriam M. , Monroy‐Fraustro Daniela , de Hoyos Bermea Adalberto , Lopez‐Suero Carolina 
Published: February 2021

The current job market requires scientifically literate human resources. At a time in which scientific reasoning should be part of the higher education curriculum, the general population is pulling away from it. This review aims to identify how students’ and teachers’ attitudes and values influence academic performance in science courses. PICO and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) approaches were used to explore four databases and 6488 articles were retrieved. Articles had to be relevant to the research question and published within the last 10 years. Articles without an identifiable author or articles unrelated to the research question were excluded. Following three rounds of quality screening, 10 articles were finally selected for analysis. Study designs and quality varied across the selected articles. Self‐efficacy, having mastery goals, perceiving the course as valuable, and having a student identity were consistently associated with good learning outcomes. Cooperation was found to increase task value and autonomy when taking science courses; conversely, a performance approach and a consumer identity were negatively correlated with good learning outcomes. In the past 10 years, there was paucity in research studying the role of teacher attitudes towards science courses on learning outcomes. This article proposes a hypothetical model that describes how attitudes and values may lead to mastery and a good academic performance in undergraduate science courses. With this model, we seek to enhance and strengthen the nature and scope of science education in universities.
Output feedback control for quadratic systems: A Lyapunov function approach
Authors: Tognetti Eduardo S. , Jungers Marc , Calliero Taís R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article deals with the design of quadratic and linear dynamic output feedback controllers for quadratic systems to ensure, on the one hand, local exponential stability of the origin in the closed‐loop form and, on the other hand, to increase an estimate of the basin of attraction of the origin as large as possible. The introduction of a quadratic term in the controller allows us to consider a controller in the same class of dynamics as the studied system. Here, our approach is to consider a Lyapunov function with respect to the extended state gathering the states of the system and the controller. The induced nonlinear inequalities are treated thanks to an auxiliary vector repeating the extended state adequately and by combining distinct linearization techniques to finally obtain linear matrix inequalities. For comparison purposes, we also provide another approach characterizing the extended state as belonging to a polytope in the state space. Numerical examples illustrate the results.
Consistent decentralized cooperative localization for autonomous vehicles using LiDAR, GNSS, and HD maps
Authors: Héry Elwan , Xu Philippe , Bonnifait Philippe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be able to localize itself with respect to its driving environment and the vehicles with which it interacts. This study presents a decentralized cooperative localization method. It is based on the exchange of local dynamic maps (LDM), which are cyber‐physical representations of the physical driving environment containing poses and kinematic information about nearby vehicles. An LDM acts as an abstraction layer that makes the cooperation framework sensor‐agnostic, and it can even improve the localization of a sensorless communicating vehicle. With this goal in mind, this study focuses on the property of consistency in LDM estimates. Uncertainty in the estimates needs to be properly modeled, so that the estimation error can be statistically bounded for a given confidence level. To obtain a consistent system, we first introduce a decentralized fusion framework that can cope with LDMs whose errors have an unknown degree of correlation. Second, we present a consistent method for estimating the relative pose between vehicles, using a two‐dimensional LiDAR (light detection and ranging) with a point‐to‐line metric within an iterative‐closest‐point approach, combined with communicated polygonal shape models. Finally, we add a bias estimator to reduce position errors when nondifferential GNSS (global navigation satellite system) receivers are used, based on visual observations of features geo‐referenced in a high‐definition map. Real experiments were conducted, and the consistency of our approach was demonstrated on a platooning scenario using two experimental vehicles. The full experimental data set used in this study is publicly available.
Visual diagnostics of an explainer model: Tools for the assessment of LIME explanations
Authors: Goode Katherine , Hofmann Heike 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe importance of providing explanations for predictions made by black‐box models has led to the development of explainer model methods such as LIME (local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations). LIME uses a surrogate model to explain the relationship between predictor variables and predictions from a black‐box model in a local region around a prediction of interest. However, the quality of the resulting explanations relies on how well the explainer model captures the black‐box model in a specified local region. Here we introduce three visual diagnostics to assess the quality of LIME explanations: (1) explanation scatterplots, (2) assessment metric plots, and (3) feature heatmaps. We apply the visual diagnostics to a forensics bullet matching dataset to show examples where LIME explanations depend on the tuning parameter values and the explainer model oversimplifies the black‐box model. Our examples raise concerns about claims made of LIME that are similar to other criticisms in the literature.