bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rectal temperature is a prognostic indicator in client‐owned guinea pigs
Authors: Levy I. H. , Di Girolamo N. , Keller K. A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo determine whether rectal temperature was associated with patient mortality in client‐owned guinea pigs upon presentation to a veterinary hospital.Materials and MethodsThe medical record database at a veterinary teaching hospital was searched for records of guinea pigs from January 2016 through June 2019. Guinea pigs were included in the study if a rectal temperature was measured at presentation and there was data on survival status 7 days post‐presentation. If survivor status was not documented in the medical record, follow‐up information was obtained from the client via telephone or email. The data was ultimately collected from 201 client‐owned guinea pigs who presented for 388 independent examinations. Univariable, multivariable and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsGuinea pigs with hypothermia (<37.9°C) at presentation had a relative risk of mortality within 7 days of presentation almost 3 times greater than guinea pigs without hypothermia (relative risk: 2.88; 95% confidence interval: 1.86 to 4.48). For each 0.55°C decrease in rectal temperature, the odds of death increased 1.6 times (odds ratio: 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.42 to 2.89). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the finding.Clinical SignificanceRectal temperature was a predictor of death for guinea pigs presenting for care at a veterinary hospital. Obtaining a rectal temperature recording should be considered for patient guinea pigs.
Top graduate programmes in economics: Historical evolution and recent evidence
Authors: O’Hagan John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe first part of the paper provides a novel overview narrative of the historical evolution of PhD programmes in economics from 1880, drawing on multiple sources. The second part is empirical, and, also novel in terms of the data constructed. It attempts to bring the narrative up to date by looking at the cohorts of winners of the main young economist awards in economics in the US and Europe over the last twenty years or so and to chart at which universities they obtained their doctorates and undergraduate degrees. The total number of young (at the time of the award) economists so involved exceeds 350.The evolution of the American‐style PhD programme of today is traced to the emigration of European economists to the US from Nazi‐occupied Europe in the 1930s, and its subsequent spread first to Britain and then Continental Europe documented. What is new in the last twenty years or so is the emergence of many Top‐50 economics departments in Europe, with corresponding highly regarded PhD programmes. However, in relation to the recent elite young award‐winning economists the position in terms of PhD education of Harvard and MIT particularly remains largely unchallenged, in both the US and Europe.
Comparative efficacy of C‐MAC® Miller videolaryngoscope versus McGrath® MAC size “1” videolaryngoscope in neonates and infants undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Anju , Singh Pooja , Gupta Nishkarsh , Kumar Malhotra Rajeev , Girdhar Kiran Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundVarious anatomical and physiological factors make intubation in infants challenging. C‐MAC videolaryngoscope shows better results as compared to the conventional direct laryngoscopy for intubation in infants. McGrath MAC size‐1 with a disposable Macintosh type blade has recently been introduced for use in infants and has not been formally evaluated in this population.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the intubation characteristics of C‐MAC Miller and McGrath MAC in neonates and infants with the primary objective to compare the time with the two devices.MethodsAfter informed consent from the parents, 140 neonates and infants scheduled for surgical procedures were randomized to undergo intubation with either C‐MAC Miller or McGrath MAC after standard general anesthesia. The two devices were compared in terms of total intubation time, Percent of Glottic Opening score, Cormack Lehane grades, time to glottis view, intubation difficulty score, overall success rate, first attempt success rate, and complications.ResultsThe median glottic view time (6 s [4–9] vs. 6 s [4–9]; p = .40) and intubation time (27 s [25.5–28] vs. 27 s [24.5–29.5]; p = .87) were similar. The mean difference (95% CI) in time to tracheal intubation and time to glottic view was 0.49 s [−3.1 to 2.1] and −1.7 s [−3.8 to 0.47], respectively. However, the Percent of Glottic Opening score, Cormack Lehane grades, and subjective intubation difficulty were significantly better with C‐MAC. The first attempt success rates, overall success rates (100% vs. 97.5%), and intubation difficulty scores were comparable. There were two failed intubations with McGrath which were successfully intubated with C‐MAC.ConclusionThe C‐MAC Miller blade showed similar intubation timings, success rates, and intubation difficulty score as compared to McGrath MAC in neonates and infants, though the former provided superior glottic views. Both the videolaryngoscopes may be safely used in infants and neonates for routine intubation scenarios.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with cutaneous presentation: A case series in children
Authors: Chan Grace , Akintorin Similolu , Luu Minnelly , Harter Nicole 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive hematologic malignancy that can present with multiorgan involvement including the skin. While this entity accounts for 0.1% of all cutaneous lymphomas in adults, fewer than 90 pediatric cases have been described in the literature. We present three cases of pediatric BPDCN, highlighting the variable cutaneous and clinical presentation.
Treatment of atrophic acne scars: Topical or intralesional plasma gel?
Authors: Mohamed May Moustafa , Sabry Hanan Hassan , Salem Rehab Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAtrophic post‐acne scarring is considered to be a therapeutic challenge.ObjectivesThe aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of (A) FCL combined with intradermal injection of plasma gel, (B) FCL combined with topical application of plasma gel, and (C) FCL monotherapy in the treatment of atrophic post‐acne scars.MethodsThirty patients with facial atrophic post‐acne scars were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned into one of three groups. All of them underwent four treatment sessions at 4‐weeks intervals. They were assessed objectively by the quantitative global scarring grading system (GSGS). This system was applied at baseline, and after 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up (FU). Subjective assessments were performed through the global esthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and level of patient satisfaction. The DLQI questionnaire was employed at the baseline and 6‐month FU.ResultsAccording to the quantitative GSGS scores, the reductions in group A (68.4%) and group B (63%) scores were comparable, and both were significantly higher than that in group C (41.2%) in all steps of evaluation. At 6‐month FU, both groups A and B showed further significant improvement, while group C did not. Based on the GAIS and patients' satisfaction, there were no significant differences between all groups. The reductions in DLQI scores in groups A and B were comparable; however, both were significantly higher than group C (P < .001).ConclusionsThe combination of plasma gel and FCL resurfacing was noticeably outstanding in their efficacy and impact on the patients' quality of life.
To study the effect of acute infrared radiation‐induced alterations in human skin at cellular and molecular level using in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ali Syed Mehmood , Khalid Syed Ghufran 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolar radiations are classified in terms of wavelengths, including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet. Infrared radiation (IR) accounts the largest proportion of solar radiations that cause oxidative stress‐induced aging of human skin. This study investigates the biochemical changes in proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with acute exposure to IR radiations.MethodIn vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the forearms region of 20 healthy participants with phototype II skin, aged between 18 and 30 years, without IR incidence (T0), with IR incidence 30 minutes (T30) at day 1 and 30 minutes at day 2 (T60). One‐way ANOVA and two‐tailed t test along with post hoc Bonferroni correction were used to detect the existence of significant differences in the timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all IR wavenumbers under test.ResultsAn increase in the Raman peaks of stratum corneum lipids, decrease in stratum basal DNA peaks, and a shift in the amide I peak of collagen in the skin dermis were observed. One‐way ANOVA results showed significant differences among timestamps of stratum corneum, stratum basale, and dermis at all wavenumbers under test (P < .001). Furthermore, paired timestamps also showed significant differences (P < .016) except at two wavenumbers 1293 cm−1 and 852 cm−1 in stratum corneum and basale layer clusters on timestamps (T0 & T30 and T30 & T60, P > .016). This study proved that confocal Raman spectroscopy is an useful technique for early evaluation of IR‐induced skin changes.
Effects of sporadic transthyretin amyloidosis frequently on the gallbladder and the correlation between amyloid deposition in the gallbladder and heart: A forensic autopsy‐based histopathological evaluation
Authors: Ichimata Shojiro , Hata Yukiko , Nishida Naoki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the clinicopathological features of cholecystic ATTR deposition in patients with cardiac involvement, investigate the correlation of amyloid deposition severity in the gallbladder and the heart, and compare its prevalence in the gallbladder and other organs. Fifty patients with sporadic ATTR amyloidosis were identified. Of these, we evaluated 15 patients who underwent gallbladder sampling accurately. Among 10 patients (67%) with cholecystic deposition, six exhibited detectable deposition in the hematoxylin and eosin‐stained specimens, and all of them displayed obstructive vascular deposition (VD). The severity of gall bladder VD was statistically correlated with that of cardiac VD and atrial interstitial deposition (ID). Additionally, all patients exhibiting cholecystic ID displayed severe ventricular and atrial IDs. In visceral organs excluding the heart, amyloid deposition was commonly observed in the lungs (93%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (47%‒80%), liver (60%) and periosteal tissues (53%). The involvement of the gallbladder was prevalent and comparable to that of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the severity of cholecystic deposition was correlated with that of cardiac deposition. Therefore, pathologists should be aware that sporadic ATTR amyloidosis is a common condition and should not be overlooked.
Intraoperative pathology consultation during urological surgery: Impact on final margin status and pitfalls of frozen section diagnosis
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite recent improvements in diagnostic and surgical techniques in urological oncology, positive resection margin remains a significant concern for surgeons. Meanwhile, intraoperative pathology consultation with frozen section assessment (FSA), particularly for histological diagnosis of the lesions incidentally found or enlarged or sentinel lymph nodes, generally provides critical information which enables immediate decision making for optimal patient care. The intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins is also often requested, although there are some differences in its application between institutions and surgeons. Importantly, it remains to be determined whether intraoperative FSA indeed contributes to reducing the risk of final positive margins and thereby improving long‐term patient outcomes. This review summarizes available data indicating the potential impact of FSA at the surgical margins during urological surgeries, including radical or partial cystectomy, partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, penectomy, and orchiectomy. The accuracy and pitfalls of the intraoperative consultation/FSA diagnosis are also discussed.
A longitudinal examination of the interpersonal theory of suicide for predicting suicidal ideation among LGBTQ+ youth who utilize crisis services: The moderating effect of gender
Authors: Chang Cindy J. , Feinstein Brian A. , Fulginiti Anthony , Dyar Christina , Selby Edward A. , Goldbach Jeremy T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionDespite high rates of suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, the interpersonal theory of suicide (IPTS) has rarely been examined in this population. The current study utilized a longitudinal design to examine whether perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness independently and simultaneously predicted higher levels of suicidal ideation over time in a sample of LGBTQ+ youth who utilized crisis services. We also investigated whether gender identity moderated these associations. Methods: A total of 592 youth (12–24 years old) who had contacted a national crisis hotline for LGBTQ+ youth completed two assessments 1‐month apart. Results: Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness independently predicted greater suicidal ideation 1 month later; however, only perceived burdensomeness remained prospectively associated with suicidal ideation when both factors were tested in the same model. Gender identity moderated the associations between IPTS factors and suicidal ideation, such that both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were associated with greater suicidal ideation 1 month later for sexual minority cisgender young women and transgender/genderqueer individuals, but not for sexual minority cisgender young men. Conclusion: The IPTS helps explain increases in suicidal ideation over time among LGBTQ+ youth and therefore can be used to inform suicide prevention and intervention approaches for this population.
Effects of biochar nanoparticles as a soil amendment on the structure and hydraulic characteristics of a sandy loam soil
Authors: Chen Xiaopeng , Duan Manli , Zhou Beibei , Cui Lei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiochar as a soil amendment can influence the physical and solute transport properties of soils and, thus, provide a means to improve soil fertility. However, the use of different sized biochar particles down to the nano‐scale has revealed inconsistent results, with the mechanisms poorly understood owing to a lack of experimental data. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of nano‐sized biochar particles (NBC) applied to a sandy loam soil with regard to impacts on the hydraulic characteristics and soil structure. Column experiments were carried out with NBC application rates of 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 1.0% (by weight). It was found that the NBC changed the distribution of the soil pore structure and affected the degrees of anisotropy, fractal dimension, soil porosity and stability of soil aggregates. NBC applications also increased the water repellency of the soil and reduced the surface energy of soil particles. Regarding soil hydraulic properties, NBC applications increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and decreased soil water retention. Increasing the amount of NBC applied to the mixing‐layer decreased cumulative infiltration values (reduced by 3.75%–13.75%). The above results reveal how NBC affects the soil pore structure and soil hydraulic characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for the systematic evaluation of soil improvement and environmental effects of nano‐sized biochar.
Operationalizing places in GIScience: A review
Authors: Tang Vicente , Painho Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe space–place dichotomy has long been discussed in geography, psychology, philosophy, and more recently in geographic information science. The attempts to integrate vague notions of place into geographic information systems (GIS) constitute the foundations of the place‐based GIS stream of research, but the rationale and methods for operationalizing place differ considerably in the literature. We present a literature review in an attempt to identify and discuss the distinct yet overlapping frameworks that aim to bridge the gap between space, place, and GIS. The review shows that most studies designed knowledge‐based models in the urban context based on concepts drawn from human geography. Using mixed methods, we synthesize the findings, thus encouraging future research in building new conceptual and methodological models that are able to expand and solidify the scope of place‐based GIS.
Recommendation for validation and quality assurance of non‐invasive prenatal testing for foetal blood groups and implications for IVD risk classification according to EU regulations
Authors: Clausen Frederik Banch , Hellberg Åsa , Bein Gregor , Bugert Peter , Schwartz Dieter , Drnovsek Tadeja Dovc , Finning Kirstin , Guz Katarzyna , Haimila Katri , Henny Christine , O'Brien Helen , Orzinska Agnieszka , Sørensen Kirsten , Thorlacius Steinunn , Wikman Agneta , Denomme Gregory Andrew , Flegel Willy Albert , Gassner Christoph , de Haas Masja , Hyland Catherine , Ji Yanli , Lane William J. , Nogués Núria , Olsson Martin L. , Peyrard Thierry , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Weinstock Christof , Legler Tobias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNon‐invasive assays for predicting foetal blood group status in pregnancy serve as valuable clinical tools in the management of pregnancies at risk of detrimental consequences due to blood group antigen incompatibility. To secure clinical applicability, assays for non‐invasive prenatal testing of foetal blood groups need to follow strict rules for validation and quality assurance. Here, we present a multi‐national position paper with specific recommendations for validation and quality assurance for such assays and discuss their risk classification according to EU regulations.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the literature covering validation for in‐vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays in general and for non‐invasive foetal RHD genotyping in particular. Recommendations were based on the result of discussions between co‐authors.ResultsIn relation to Annex VIII of the In‐Vitro‐Diagnostic Medical Device Regulation 2017/746 of the European Parliament and the Council, assays for non‐invasive prenatal testing of foetal blood groups are risk class D devices. In our opinion, screening for targeted anti‐D prophylaxis for non‐immunized RhD negative women should be placed under risk class C. To ensure high quality of non‐invasive foetal blood group assays within and beyond the European Union, we present specific recommendations for validation and quality assurance in terms of analytical detection limit, range and linearity, precision, robustness, pre‐analytics and use of controls in routine testing. With respect to immunized women, different requirements for validation and IVD risk classification are discussed.ConclusionThese recommendations should be followed to ensure appropriate assay performance and applicability for clinical use of both commercial and in‐house assays.
The impact of COVID‐19 outbreak on the Transfusion Medicine Unit of a Northern Italy Hospital and Cancer Centre
Authors: Schiroli Davide , Merolle Lucia , Molinari Giuseppe , Di Bartolomeo Erminia , Seligardi Daniela , Canovi Laura , Pertinhez Thelma A. , Mancuso Pamela , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Baricchi Roberto , Marraccini Chiara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe first wave of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) dramatically affected the Transfusion Medicine Unit of the Azienda Unità Sanitari Locale ‐ Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (AUSL‐IRCCS) di Reggio Emilia, which faced a total rearrangement of the procedures for donors and patients. This study aims to assess the major implications of COVID‐19 on our department, focusing on the blood transfusion chain and therapies, in order to support transfusion specialists in seeking efficient ways to face similar future emergencies.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study compares our Transfusion Medicine Unit data collected between February and May 2020 with the same period in 2017–2019. Data on red blood cells and platelets donations, transfusions and clinical procedures were collected as aggregates from our internal electronic database.ResultsDuring the lockdown, donor centres were re‐organized to reduce the risk of contagion and avoid unnecessary blood collection. Blood donations were re‐scheduled to meet the decrease in elective surgery; consequently, plateletapheresis was implemented to supply the reduction of buffycoat‐derived platelets. Transfusions significantly decreased together with orthopaedic and vascular surgery, while they were only marginally diminished for both cancer and onco‐haematological patients. Reduced procedures for inpatients and outpatients were matched by remote medicine, addressing the need of a constant healthcare support for patients with chronic diseases.ConclusionsThe described measures were adopted to avoid excessive blood collection and expiration, guarantee the safety of our ward (for both patients and staff) and supply the necessary transfusion therapies. These measures may support the development of appropriate risk management plans and safety procedures for other hospitals and transfusion services that have to face similar events.
Disfagia en el adulto mayor
Authors: Ariza Galindo Carlos José , Rojas Aguilar Diana María 
Published: June 2021

La disfagia orofaríngea se define como la dificultad para el paso del bolo alimentario desde la boca hasta el esofago inferior. Es considerado un nuevo sindrome geriatrico común en la población anciana. Su prevalencia aumenta con la edad y plantea problemas especiales en este grupo de pacientes, comprometiendo el estado nutricional, aumentando el riesgo de neumonia de etiología aspirativa y afectando la calidad de vida. Ha llegado a ser descrito como un nuevo sindrome geriatrico y una pandemia emergente, por lo que se considera uno de los principales retos de la medicina geriátrica. Dentro de esta revision temática intentaremos definir la disfagia en el adulto mayor, su clasificación, fisiopatología y tratamiento, así como su presentación en condiciones especiales como la demencia.
Enfoque práctico de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en recién nacidos.
Authors: Gómez Viracachá Ingrid Mayerly , RAMIREZ LOZANO DIANA MARCELA , BERTOLOTTO CEPEDA ANA MARÍA , VARGAS VACA YARIS ANZULLY , MONTEALEGRE POMAR ADRIANA DEL PILAR , LOPEZ GARCIA JUAN CARLOS 
Published: June 2021

Resumen
La reciente aparición del nuevo virus SARS-CoV2, conocido en el mundo como COVID-19, ha generado en personal de salud gran variedad de preguntas y desafíos respecto al horizonte clínico de la entidad y su tratamiento, que no han sido resueltos hasta el momento. Esta incertidumbre se acrecienta aún más cuando se trata de la población neonatal, en donde la evidencia es limitada. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la evidencia existente acerca del COVID-19 en los recién nacidos, y proponer un esquema práctico de diagnóstico y tratamiento para la atención de esta población en las unidades de cuidado neonatal.