bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the microbiota spectrum of prostate secretion affect the clinical status of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis?
Authors: Kogan Mikhail , Naboka Yulia , Ferzauli Akhmed , Ibishev Khalid , Gudima Irina , Ismailov Ruslan 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of the microbiota of prostate secretion on the clinical status of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.MethodsThis was an observational, single‐center, comparative study. We evaluated the survey cards of 230 outpatients aged 18–45 years with a history of prostatitis from 2012 to 2019. As a result, 170 outpatients were selected for the study. All patients underwent an assessment of symptoms using International Prostate Symptom Score‐quality of life, National Institutes of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index, International Index of Erectile Function, pain visual analog scale. A bacteriological study (after the Meares–Stamey test) of post‐massage urine was carried out on an extended media set. The following parameters were determined in each patient: leukocyturia and bacteriuria, serum testosterone and total prostate‐specific antigen levels. Uroflowmetry, transrectal prostate ultrasound with color duplex mapping and ejaculate analysis were also carried out.ResultsAerobic–anaerobic bacterial associations were identified in all patients. Three comparison groups were identified depending on the microbiota’s spectrum (in post‐massage urine): aerobes prevailed in group 1 (n = 67), anaerobes prevailed in group 2 (n = 33), and the levels of aerobic and anaerobic bacteriuria were higher than ≥103 colony‐forming units per mL in group 3 (n = 70). It was found that the severity of clinical symptoms (urination disorders, sexual dysfunction etc.) of chronic bacterial prostatitis, laboratory and instrumental changes (testosterone, prostate‐specific antigen, prostate volume etc.) in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than in group 1.ConclusionIn patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, a predominance of anaerobes or a combination of aerobes and anaerobes in a titer of ≥103 colony‐forming units per mL in post‐massage urine is associated with worse clinical status.
Medical student knowledge and critical appraisal of machine learning: a multicentre international cross‐sectional study
Authors: Blacketer Charlotte , Parnis Roger , B. Franke Kyle , Wagner Morganne , Wang David , Tan Yiran , Oakden‐Rayner Luke , Gallagher Steve , Perry Seth W. , Licinio Julio , Symonds Ian , Thomas Josephine , Duggan Paul , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo utilise effectively tools that employ machine learning (ML) in clinical practice medical students and doctors will require a degree of understanding of ML models. To evaluate current levels of understanding, a formative examination and survey was conducted across three centres in Australia, New Zealand and the United States. Of the 245 individuals who participated in the study (response rate = 45.4%), the majority had difficulty with identifying weaknesses in model performance analysis. Further studies examining educational interventions addressing such ML topics are warranted.
How is mobile health technology transforming physician–nurse collaboration?
Authors: Dongmo Fotsing Laurena N. , Pang Emily M. , Shieh Lisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe integration of mobile health technologies in medical practice has the potential to promote in‐person, high‐quality care. We examine the impact of Voalte, a healthcare‐specific mobile application, on bedside rounding and care coordination. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted on 71 medical ward‐based nurses from a quaternary‐care academic centre, capturing 183 rounding events. The frequency of physician–nurse overlap at the bedside was 50.3%, representing a >20% increase when compared with the 2018 baseline before Voalte's introduction. Our results show that mobile health technologies can strengthen inpatient medicine workflows and interdisciplinary collaboration when implemented successfully.
Improved thermal stability of the near‐infrared Al‐modulated Zn3Ga2GeO8: Cr3+ phosphors for plant growth applications
Authors: Lv Hongyu , Liu Zhichao , Wang Chao , Cai Yiyu , Zhang Hao , Wang Ting , Yang Xiuxia , Yu Xue , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe exploration of the high thermal stability near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors is significantly crucial for the development of plant lighting. However, NIR phosphors suffer from the poor chemical and thermal stability, which severely limits their long‐term operation. Here, the successful improvement of luminous intensity (149.5%) and thermal stability at 423 K of Zn3Ga2GeO8 (ZGGO): Cr3+ phosphors is achieved for the introduction of Al3+ ions into the host. The release of carriers in deep traps inhibits the emission loss for the thermal disturbance. Furthermore, an NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs) lamp is explored by combining the optimized Zn3Ga1.1675Al0.8GeO8: 0.0325Cr3+ phosphors with a commercial 460 nm blue chip, and the emission band can match well with the absorption bands of photosynthetic pigments and the phytochrome (PR and PFR) of plants. The explored LEDs lamp further determines the growth and the pheromone content of the involved plants for the participation of the NIR emission originated from Cr3+ ions. Our work provides a promising NIR lamp as plant light with improved thermal stability for long‐term operation.
Reactive binder and aggregate interfacial zones in the mortar of Tomb of Caecilia Metella concrete, 1C BCE, Rome
Authors: Seymour Linda M. , Tamura Nobumichi , Jackson Marie D. , Masic Admir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntegrated spectroscopic analyses and synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction investigations provide insights into the long‐term reactivity of volcanic aggregate components and calcium‐aluminum‐silicate‐hydrate (C‐A‐S‐H) binder in mortar samples from the robust concrete of the sepulchral corridor of the Tomb of Caecilia Metella, 1st C BCE, Rome. The results of innovative micrometer‐scale analytical maps indicate that Pozzolane Rosse tephra components–scoria groundmass, clinopyroxene, and leucite crystals–contributed to pozzolanic production of C‐A‐S‐H binder and then remained reactive long after hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) was fully consumed. The C‐A‐S‐H binding phase is reorganized into wispy halos and tendril‐like strands, some with nanocrystalline preferred orientation or, alternatively, split into elongate features with short silicate chain lengths. These microstructures apparently record chemical and structural destabilization of C‐A‐S‐H during excessive incorporation of Al3+and K+released through leucite dissolution. Resistance to failure may result from the intermittent toughening of interfacial zones of scoriae and clinopyroxene crystals with post‐pozzolanic strätlingite and Al‐tobermorite mineral cements and from long‐term remodeling of the pozzolanic C‐A‐S‐H binding phase. Roman builders’ selection of a leucite‐rich facies of Pozzolane Rosse tephra as aggregate and construction of the tomb in an environment with high surface and ground water exposure apparently increased beneficial hydrologic activity and reactivity in the concrete.
Relationship between lung function impairment, hypertension, and major adverse cardiovascular events: A 10‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Dai He , Chen Chong , Ding Ganling , Zhang Yongqing , Qin Yu , Zhang Yuqing , Xiang Quanyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLung function impairment and hypertension, especially hypertension, are risk factors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). However, the relationships among lung function impairment, hypertension, and MACEs have not been well‐reported. We aimed to investigate the association between lung function and hypertension and MACEs. We studied 6769 people who were a representative sample of the general population in Jiangsu Province using the multi‐stage stratified cluster sampling method. The average age was 51.54 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the relationships between the blood pressure status and various types of lung function impairment related to MACEs. Over a follow‐up of 10 years, 236 MACEs occurred. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, education, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, creatine and use of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.154, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.565–2.966], and restrictive lung function impairment (RLFI) (HR = 1.398, 95% CI: 1.021–1.879) were independently associated with MACEs. Individuals with hypertension and RFLI had the highest risk for MACEs (HR = 2.930, 95% CI: 1.734–4.953) and stroke (HR = 3.296, 95% CI: 1.862–5.832). Moreover, when combined with hypertension, obstructive lung function impairment (OLFI) (HR = 2.376, 95% CI: 1.391–4.056) and mixed lung function impairment (MLFI) (HR = 2.423, 95% CI: 1.203–4.882) were associated with MACEs. There is a synergistic effect of lung function impairment (especially RLFI) and hypertension on MACEs. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the incidence of MACEs in individuals with impaired lung function, especially those who have hypertension.
The structure of sensory afferent compartments in health and disease
Authors: Middleton Steven J. , Perez‐Sanchez Jimena , Dawes John M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrimary sensory neurons are a heterogeneous population of cells able to respond to both innocuous and noxious stimuli. Like most neurons they are highly compartmentalised, allowing them to detect, convey and transfer sensory information. These compartments include specialised sensory endings in the skin, the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, the cell soma and their central terminals in the spinal cord. In this review, we will highlight the importance of these compartments to primary afferent function, describe how these structures are compromised following nerve damage and how this relates to neuropathic pain.
Association between inflammatory bowel disease and risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix
Authors: Cui Yuemei , Jin Xianyu , Zhang Hui , Liu Lifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies provided inconsistent results regarding the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix. The study aimed to make a meta‐analysis to evaluate the association between IBD and risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix.MethodsArticles published until April 2021 and regarding the association between IBD and risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar. Odds ratios (ORs) from case–control studies and relative risks (RRs) from cohort studies with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to generate a pooled effect size and 95% CI using STATA 12.0 software.ResultsThe present study finally included seven cohort studies (including 94 144 IBD patients and 53 661 004 HC) and four case–control studies (including 20 267 cases and 60 034 matched controls). The meta‐analysis indicated a positive association between IBD and risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix with a random‐effects model (OR/RR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.55–3.91, I2 = 91.8%, p < 0.001). However, no significant association between IBD and risk of cervical cancer was showed in the study with a random‐effects model (OR/RR = 1.54, 95% CI 0.83–2.85, I2 = 82.2%, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, IBD is associated with a 146% higher risk of abnormalities of uterine cervix. However, the study demonstrated no significant association between IBD and risk of cervical cancer. Thus, a conventional screening for abnormalities of uterine cervix is essential for IBD patients.
Stable allopolyploidy in a hybrid zone within the Matsukawaura Lagoon (Japan) between Neopyropia yezoensis and Neopyropia tenera (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) and its relevance to speciation mechanisms and crop improvement
Authors: Niwa Kyosuke , Koizumi Yukiho , Iga Hiroshi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo confirm the distribution of the allopolyploid and ancestral species in the Matsukawaura Lagoon in a hybrid zone between Neopyropia yezoensis and Neopyropia tenera, molecular marker analyses and culture experiments were performed using collected blades. All the blades examined, except for one blade identified as N. tenera, exhibited nuclear genotypes of both species, but only the chloroplast haplotype of N. yezoensis. In addition, four conchocelis strains were isolated from each of the blades, and they contained genotypes of both N. yezoensis and N. tenera; a conchocelis strain from the sole N. tenera blade was also isolated. Using the conchocelis strains, F1 blades that were produced from archeospores were obtained under laboratory culture and examined by nuclear DNA markers. These results indicated that the collected blades and the examined F1 blades, except for the single N. tenera blade, were allodiploids and that the four conchocelis strains could be allotetraploids derived from interspecific hybridization between N. yezoensis as the maternal strain and N. tenera as the paternal strain. Therefore, most of the Neopyropia blades growing in the Matsukawaura Lagoon are presumed to be from allopolyploid lineages derived from interspecific hybridization. Furthermore, a growth comparison between the allopolyploid strain and the N. tenera strain was carried out under identical culture conditions. The rate of increase in blade length was significantly higher in the allopolyploid hybrid than in the pure N. tenera. The results suggest that further exploration of allopolyploidy in the potential hybrid zones will be needed not only for the investigation of speciation mechanisms in the bladed Bangiales but also for the genetic improvement of the marine crop.
Education, Dietary Intakes and Exercise*
Authors: von Hinke Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between education and health behaviours, focusing on potential offsetting responses between calories in (i.e. dietary intakes) and calories out (i.e. physical activity). It exploits the 1972 British compulsory schooling law that raised the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 to estimate the effects of education on diet and exercise around middle age. Using a regression discontinuity design, the findings suggest that the reform led to a worsening of the quality of the diet, with increases in total calories, fats and animal proteins. However, I find that these changes are partially offset by a discontinuous increase in physical activity. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest little effect on the balance of calories. As such, the findings show that focusing on the two components of energy balance provides additional information that is concealed in analyses that only use a measure of obesity.
Grounding, Understanding, and Explanation
Authors: Siscoe Robert Weston 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStarting with the slogan that understanding is a ‘knowledge of causes’, Stephen Grimm and John Greco have argued that understanding comes from a knowledge of dependence relations. Grounding is the trendiest dependence relation on the market, and if Grimm and Greco are correct, then instances of grounding should also give rise to understanding. In this paper, I will show that this prediction is correct – grounding does indeed generate understanding in just the way that Grimm and Greco anticipate. However, grounding examples of understanding also show that Grimm and Greco are not telling the full story when it comes to understanding. Understanding can only be generated by a particular subset of dependence relations – those dependence relations that are also explanatory. Grimm and Greco should thus appeal to a privileged class of dependence relations, relations like grounding that can also give rise to explanation.
Quantification of Conceptual Model Uncertainty in the Modeling of Wet Deposited Atmospheric Pollutants
Authors: Urso Laura , Sy Mouhamadou Moustapha , Gonze Marc‐André , Hartmann Philipp , Steiner Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConceptual model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty are dominant contributors to the total uncertainty of a radioecological model output. In the present study the focus is on conceptual model uncertainty, which is often not acknowledged. Conceptual model uncertainty is assessed by subtracting from the total uncertainty of the model output the propagated parameter uncertainty, obtained by means of Bayesian inference analysis. The conceptual model uncertainty is quantified for two process‐based models, which describe the interception of wet deposited pollutants under equilibrium and kinetic conditions, respectively. The natural variability due the chemical valence of the elements considered is accounted for in both models. Quantitative evidence has been obtained that the conceptual model uncertainty can contribute to the total uncertainty budget of the models for interception of wet deposited pollutants at least as much as, if not more than, parameter uncertainty.
Mitogenomic data elucidate the phylogeny and evolution of life strategies in Dermestidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Motyka Michal , Kusy Dominik , Háva Jiří , Jahodářová Eva , Bílková Renata , Vogler Alfried P. , Bocak Ladislav 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDermestidae (Bostrichoidea) exploit diverse food sources including fungal mycelia, but notably they as saprophagous, feeding on decomposing and dried flesh and keratin of animals and plants. Some of them live in spider webs, vertebrate and social insect nests, while others cause damage in human dwellings. Here, we use mitogenomics to reconstruct their phylogeny and evolution of life history strategies. We recovered serial splits of Orphilinae, Thorictinae + Dermestinae, Attageninae, Trinodinae and Megatominae, and we dated the origins of all subfamilies between the Middle Jurassic and Upper Cretaceous. Extant genera started their diversification in the Middle Cretaceous, except for Dermestes that originated in the Eocene. Mycetophagy, the likely feeding style of the common ancestor with Endecatomidae, was retained only by Orphilinae. Since the Late Jurassic, most dermestids have been saprophagous with the preference for desiccated tissue. We infer a scenario of feeding preferences from mycetophagy moving to saprophagy, always depending on food with low water content, followed by the shift from cryptic life in crevices and wood, to commensalism with social Hymenoptera, and ultimately feeding on angiosperm pollen as adults. The dependence on spider larders evolved already in the Early Cretaceous, but lineages with this specialized strategy remained species‐poor. We date the origin of exploitation of vertebrate carcasses to the Eocene when modern mammalian fauna became dominant. The diversification of Megatominae (62% of known dermestids) and Attagenus Latreille (17%) coincides with the radiation of angiosperms.
Contribution, Replaceability and the Meaning of Our Lives
Authors: Smilansky Saul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractI explore some surprising results concerning positive individual contributions, focusing on those made in one's job or in the position one holds. The replaceability of most people on the job or in positions of influence threatens our common sense notion of contribution. Two concepts of contribution are distinguished, and help to limit the sense of paradox, but do not completely eliminate it. The ideal of making a contribution that would not be done were one not to do it is seen as both highly threatening and potentially very important for acquiring meaning in one's life. Finally, some hazards of our conclusions are seen to lead to thoughts about the dangers of open disclosure.
A novel Medicago truncatula calmodulin‐like protein (MtCML42) regulates cold tolerance and flowering time
Authors: Sun Qiguo , Huang Risheng , Zhu Haifeng , Sun Yanmei , Guo Zhenfei 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYCalmodulin‐like proteins (CMLs) are one of the Ca2+ sensors in plants, but the functions of most CMLs remain unknown. The regulation of cold tolerance and flowering time by MtCML42 in Medicago truncatula and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using MtCML42‐overexpressing plants and cml42 Medicago mutants with a Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion. Compared with the wild type (WT), MtCML42‐overexpressing lines had increased cold tolerance, whereas cml42 mutants showed decreased cold tolerance. The impaired cold tolerance in cml42 could b complemented by MtCML42 expression. The transcript levels of MtCBF1, MtCBF4, MtCOR413, MtCAS15, MtLTI6A, MtGolS1 and MtGolS2 and the concentrations of raffinose and sucrose were increased in response to cold treatment, whereas higher levels were observed in MtCML42‐overexpressing lines and lower levels were observed in cml42 mutants. In addition, early flowering with upregulated MtFTa1 and downregulated MtABI5 transcripts was observed in MtCML42‐overexpressing lines, whereas delayed flowering with downregulated MtFTa1 and upregulated MtABI5 was observed in cml42. MtABI5 expression could complement the flowering phenotype in the Arabidopsis mutant abi5. Our results suggest that MtCML42 positively regulates MtCBF1 and MtCBF4 expression, which in turn upregulates the expression of some COR genes, MtGolS1 and MtGolS2, which leads to raffinose accumulation and increased cold tolerance. MtCML42 regulates flowering time through sequentially downregulating MtABI5 and upregulating MtFTa1 expression.
Plant mitochondria – past, present and future
Authors: Møller Ian Max , Rasmusson Allan G. , Van Aken Olivier 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYThe study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the basic properties of plant mitochondria and plant respiration using biochemical and physiological approaches. A number of unique properties (compared to mammalian mitochondria) were observed: (i) the ability to oxidize malate, glycine and cytosolic NAD(P)H at high rates; (ii) the partial insensitivity to rotenone, which turned out to be due to the presence of a second NADH dehydrogenase on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane in addition to the classical Complex I NADH dehydrogenase; and (iii) the partial insensitivity to cyanide, which turned out to be due to an alternative oxidase, which is also located on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane, in addition to the classical Complex IV, cytochrome oxidase. With the appearance of molecular biology methods around 1985, followed by genomics, further unique properties were discovered: (iv) plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is 10–600 times larger than the mammalian mtDNA, yet it only contains approximately 50% more genes; (v) plant mtDNA has kept the standard genetic code, and it has a low divergence rate with respect to point mutations, but a high recombinatorial activity; (vi) mitochondrial mRNA maturation includes a uniquely complex set of activities for processing, splicing and editing (at hundreds of sites); (vii) recombination in mtDNA creates novel reading frames that can produce male sterility; and (viii) plant mitochondria have a large proteome with 2000–3000 different proteins containing many unique proteins such as 200–300 pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. We describe the present and fairly detailed picture of the structure and function of plant mitochondria and how the unique properties make their metabolism more flexible allowing them to be involved in many diverse processes in the plant cell, such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, CAM and C4 metabolism, heat production, temperature control, stress resistance mechanisms, programmed cell death and genomic evolution. However, it is still a challenge to understand how the regulation of metabolism and mtDNA expression works at the cellular level and how retrograde signaling from the mitochondria coordinates all those processes.