bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegan Diet Induced Myopathy
Authors: Chalasani Vamsi , Shanmugam Sundar , Venkatasubramanian Shankar , Ramesh Rithvik 
Published: January 2021

Background: Secondary hyperparathyroidism can present for the first time as myopathy in some patients. Strict vegans are at risk of vitamin D deficiency resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism. A myopathic presentation may lead to investigations and misdiagnosis of neuromuscular disease, ratherthan a metabolic bone disease.
Methods: We report a young lady presenting with severe progressive limb girdle pattern myopathy, with brisk reflexes and periphral neuropathy. Electrophysiology confirmed the presence of ,yopathy and neuropathy, and labaotorial evaluation revealed vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathormone levels.
Results: She was supplemented with vitamin D, and on follow up was found to have a near complete improvement.
Conclusion: Hence it is imperative to evaluate for vitamin D deficiency in all
susceptible patients, especially with a history of strict vegetarianism.
The Efficacy of Autologous Nanofat Versus Enhanced Nanofat with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Transfers in the Treatment of Atrophic Post Acne Scars
Authors: Elsamongy Marwa , Ayad Hashem , Eid Manal , Gheida Shereen , Latif Amany Abdel- 
Published: January 2021

Background: Acne scarring is a visible reminder of acne vulgaris resulting from inappropriate healing of active lesions. Yet, no golden standard is present. Nanofat is an emulsified homogenous suspension of adipose tissue rich in adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Its application serves regenerative purposes.
Objective: To evaluate efficacy of nanofat versus enhanced nanofat with adipose-derived stem cells transfer in treating atrophic acne scars.
Methods and Materials: This study was carried on 40 patients with atrophic acne scars; grouped into two groups. Group A: 20 patients; treated with nanofat with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and group B: 20 patients; treated with enhanced nanofat with ADSCs and PRP. Histopathological examination was done before and 6-months after treatment, specimens were stained by haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory trichrome and Verhoeff-Van Gieson.
Results: In both groups; 70% showed excellent and very good improvement and patients’ satisfaction was 60% for both groups. Histopathological examination revealed increase in epidermal thickness, formation of new collagen and elastic fibers without significant difference between both groups.
Conclusion: Nanofat transfer is easy, cost-effective, and safe for treating acne scars, compared to enhanced nanofat with ADSCs transfer which is costly and time consuming
Prescribing of Xylometazoline in the Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the prescribing pattern of Xylometazoline in the outpatient department in a public hospital.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted in a public hospital in alkharj. Prescription data was collected from electronic medical records in the outpatient department.
Results: A total of 600 patients received xylometazoline during the study time. 55% of them were males and more than 57% of them aged less than 10 years. More than 86% of the prescriptions were prescribe by the emergency department followed by E.N.T department (13%). Most of the patients received xylometazoline for 3 days and 15.17% of them received it for 5 days.
Conclusion: Xylometazoline was prescribed commonly in the outpatients department and could cause several adverse events so its prescribing should be assessed continuously to prevent its adverse effects and to decrease its interactions with drugs.
Isolation, Biochemical Characterization and Production of Immobilised β-Amylase Chitosan Beads Using Bacteria from Waste Water Effluents for its Industrial Production Aspect
Authors: Chandola Jyoti , Semwal Vandana , Sharma Narotam , Singh Pooja 
Published: January 2021

Aims: An amylase, the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars are produced in both animals and plants and as well as in some bacteria also. Nowadays, the use of amylase enzyme in different industrial sectors and particularly in controlling the industrial water pollution has been increased as this enzyme is effective against different types of industrial effluents such as wastes from dairies, confectionaries, municipal wastes, bakery and so on which are expelled out in water without giving any proper treatment. As, the production of synthetic amylase enzyme for this purpose is quite costly, in this study, the waste water effluent was used to isolate the amylase producing bacteria, hence, decreasing the cost.
Methodology: The samples were taken from drains coming from bakery, municipal waste, etc, and five bacterias were isolated at dilution 10-6 which were named accordingly as Tan1, Tan2, Tan3, Tan4 and Tan5 further followed by Gram staining and biochemical characterization tests for further confirmation of amylase producing bacteria followed by the immobilisation of the β-amylase enzyme produced by the bacteria.
Results and Conclusion: Two bacterias were identified as amylase producing, Tan1 and Tan2, in which Gram positive bacteria showed higher amylase production at 30°C(Tan1). Compared to the free β-amylase, the immobilised β-amylase enzyme showed broader pH and temperature ranges, enhanced thermal stability, better storage stability, reusability and higher accessibility of the substrate to the immobilised β-amylase. Improved activity recovery and enzymatic properties of immobilised β-amylase chitosan beads in present study holds a promising future in industrial applications.
Capturing Manganese Oxide Intermediates in Electrochemical Water Oxidation at Neutral pH by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Cho Kang Hee , Park Sunghak , Seo Hongmin , Choi Seungwoo , Lee Moo Young , Ko Changwan , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is a promising means to produce eco‐friendly hydrogen fuels. Inspired by the Mn4CaO5 cluster in nature, substantial works have been performed to develop efficient manganese (Mn)‐based heterogeneous catalysts. Despite improvements in catalytic activity, the underlying mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is not completely elucidated owing to the lack of direct spectroscopic evidence for the active Mn‐oxo moieties. We identify water oxidation intermediates on the surface of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in the OER at neutral pH by in situ Raman spectroscopy. A potential‐dependent Raman peak was detected at 760 cm−1 and assigned to the active MnIV=O species generated during water oxidation. Isotope‐labeling experiments combined with scavenger experiments confirmed the generation of surface terminal MnIV=O intermediates in the Mn‐oxide NPs. This study provides an insight into the design of systems for the observation of reaction intermediates.
Helicity‐ and Molecular‐Weight‐Driven Self‐Sorting and Assembly of Helical Polymers towards Two‐Dimensional Smectic Architectures and Selectively Adhesive Gels
Authors: Li Yan‐Xiang , Xu Lei , Kang Shu‐Ming , Zhou Li , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSelf‐sorting plays a crucial role in living systems such as the selective assembly of DNA and specific folding of proteins. However, the self‐sorting of artificial helical polymers such as biomacromolecules has rarely been achieved. In this work, single‐handed helical poly(phenyl isocyanide)s bearing pyrene (Py) and naphthalene (Np) probes were prepared, which exhibited interesting self‐sorting properties driven by both helicity and molecular weight (Mn) in solution, solid state, gel, and on the gel surface as well. The polymers with the same helix sense and similarMncan self‐sort and assemble into well‐defined two‐dimensional smectic architectures and form stable gels in organic solvents. In contrast, mixed polymers with opposite handedness or differentMnwere repulsive to each other and did not aggregate. Moreover, the gels of helical polymers with the same handedness and similarMncan recognize themselves and adhere together to form a gel.
Folding‐upon‐Repair DNA Nanoswitches for Monitoring the Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes
Authors: Farag Nada , Mattossovich Rosanna , Merlo Rosa , Nierzwicki Łukasz , Palermo Giulia , Porchetta Alessandro , Perugino Giuseppe , Ricci Francesco 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a new class of DNA‐based nanoswitches that, upon enzymatic repair, could undergo a conformational change mechanism leading to a change in fluorescent signal. Such folding‐upon‐repair DNA nanoswitches are synthetic DNA sequences containing O6‐methyl‐guanine (O6‐MeG) nucleobases and labelled with a fluorophore/quencher optical pair. The nanoswitches are rationally designed so that only upon enzymatic demethylation of the O6‐MeG nucleobases they can form stable intramolecular Hoogsteen interactions and fold into an optically active triplex DNA structure. We have first characterized the folding mechanism induced by the enzymatic repair activity through fluorescent experiments and Molecular Dynamics simulations. We then demonstrated that the folding‐upon‐repair DNA nanoswitches are suitable and specific substrates for different methyltransferase enzymes including the human homologue (hMGMT) and they allow the screening of novel potential methyltransferase inhibitors.
Development of a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method for the pharmacokinetics study of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 1‐[4‐(4‐{5‐Chloro‐4‐[2‐(propane‐2‐sulfonyl)‐phenylamino]‐pyrimidin‐2‐ylamino}‐phenyl)‐piperazin‐1‐yl]‐propenone in rats
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Xiangping , Kong Ying , Zhang Qiuyan , Xie Honglei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTargeted inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor has become an important means of chemotherapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and other malignant tumors. Although remarkable curative effects have been achieved in the past few decades, the emergence of drug resistance is a problem. Therefore, new inhibitors need to be developed. XHL‐31 is a new candidate with significant inhibitory activity against T790M and C797S mutations in vitro. In order to study the pharmacokinetics in vivo, a sensitive and efficient UHPLC–MS/MS method was developed for the determination of XHL‐31 in rat plasma in this study. The lower limit of quantitation of this method was 1 ng/ml and the linear range was 1–2,000 ng/ml. Method validation showed a high accuracy and precision, a high stability, a high recovery and repeatability. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of XHL‐31 in rats. The results indicated that there were significant gender differences in oral absorption and the absolute bioavailability of XHL‐31 in female rats were extremely low (<10%).
The cytology of salivary gland neoplasms with globules of extracellular matrix: Case‐based review of adenoid cystic carcinoma and its potential mimics
Authors: Saeed Omer A. , Whaley Rumeal D. , Segura Sheila , Wu Howard H. , Cramer Harvey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important tool for diagnosing salivary gland neoplasms and for guiding clinical management. The classic adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a basaloid neoplasm with abundant extracellular matrix. The presence globules of extracellular matrix are quite characteristic of AdCC but not diagnostic. We selected from our files six FNA cases that contained at least some globules of amorphous matrix that are similar to the ones seen in AdCC. The aim of this case‐based review is to discuss the pitfalls and some of the common differential diagnoses of AdCC in FNA cytology. By the end of this review, we hope to have shared with the readers the lessons we learned from these cases and to highlight the key criteria needed to make a correct diagnosis of AdCC based on cytomorphology. The importance of considering other entities, in addition to AdCC, whenever a salivary gland FNA presents with globules is emphasized.
Prunus armeniaca gum exudates: An overview on purification, structure, physicochemical properties, and applications
Authors: Salarbashi Davoud , Jahanbin Kambiz , Tafaghodi Mohsen , Fahmideh‐Rad Elham 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrunus armeniaca gum exudate (PAGE) is obtained from the trunk branches of apricot trees. PAGE is a high‐molecular‐weight polysaccharide with arabinogalactan structure. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics of this gum have been investigated in various researches. PAGE offers a good potential for use as an emulsifying, binding, and stabilizing agent in food and pharmaceutical industries. It also can be used as an organic additive in tissue culture media, synthesizing of metallic nanoparticles, binding potential in tablets, antioxidant agent, and corrosion inhibitor. For desirable emulsifying, stabilizing, shelf life‐enhancing properties, and antioxidant activity of PAGE, it can be used as additive in many foods. We present here a comprehensive review on the existing literatures on characterization of this source of polysaccharide to explore its potential applications in various systems.
Investigating the role of ranking household expenditures to reform the subsidies payment system as an economic policy for Iran
Authors: Izadi Hamidreza , Mohammadnejadi Moodi Mojtaba , Sayareh Morteza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGiven the problems created by the high volume of subsidies and their significant share in government budgets, as well as, the failure to achieve the governmental goals in the field of subsidies, reform of the subsidies payment system has constantly been a concern of various governments. The welfare of society, especially the low‐income groups, has always been the focus of governments. To this end, subsidies are paid, particularly for basic goods, with the aim of decreasing prices and increasing purchasing power. However, since such payments are not targeted, a major part of subsidies will be granted to the upper classes and high‐income deciles. Therefore, targeting subsidies and paying attention to prioritizing costs in the household basket regarding subsidies payment will be an undeniable necessity. Currently, Iran faces fundamental problems in equitable management and distribution of subsidies, and the distribution of subsidies is extremely unfair. Given the importance of this issue and in order to provide a solution to reform the subsidy structure of Iran, present paper tries to examine the share of consuming expenditures in Iranian households using econometric methods and thus establish as a basis for ranking the costs. Accordingly, as a policy on targeting subsidies, we also aim to provide policymakers with better ways to implement policies. In general, the results indicate that targeting the subsidies in the household sector is different due to the different share of costs in the household budget and implementing the same approach to policy of targeting the subsidies is not appropriate for all households.
Efficient one‐pot synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives through the Hantzsch condensation using IRMOF‐3 as heterogeneous and reusable catalyst
Authors: Rathod Vaishali N. , Bansode Nilam D. , Thombre Premkumar B. , Lande Machhindra K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA mesoporous Zn‐based 2‐amino terephthalate metal organic framework (IRMOF‐3) catalyst was prepared using the solvothermal method. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET). It was applied as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of one‐pot four‐component polyhydroquinoline derivatives via the Hantzsch condensation. The present method offers several advantages over other reported methods such as easy separation, mild reaction condition, and excellent yield of desired product. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused without loss in activity.
Sorption behavior of tungsten and molybdenum on TVEX‐TOPO resin from nitric acid solution
Authors: Masry Botros A , Daoud Jacqueline A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTVEX‐TOPO, which is a commercial low‐cost macroporous copolymer resin containing 50% (w% Extractant fraction of total adsorbent mass) trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) was used for solid–liquid extraction of tungsten(VI) (W(VI)) and molybdenum(VI) (Mo(VI)) from nitric acid solution. The different parameters affecting the sorption process of both metal ions such as contact time, [HNO3], initial concentrations, V/m ratio and temperature were separately studied.RESULTSThe maximum sorption capacity of TVEX‐ TOPO resin was found to be 17.6 mg g−1 Mo(VI) and 10.7 mg g−1 W(VI) after five sorption stages. Thermodynamic parameters ∆H, ∆G, ∆S were found to be −51.7, −4.3 kJ mol−1 and 157 J mol−1 K−1 for Mo(VI) and −27.4, 1 kJ mol−1 and −93 J mol−1 K−1 for W(VI), respectively. The maximum desorption of W(VI) and Mo(VI) of 97.5% was achieved by reductive stripping with 2% and 4% ascorbic acid, respectively. The highest separation coefficient SMo/W was found to be 13.5 and 10 at V/m = 100 and [HNO3] = 0.1 mol L–1. The W(VI)/TVEX‐TOPO system was found to obey the Langmuir isotherm model with regression factor R2 = 0.999 and qm = 10.5 mg g−1, which is close to the maximum sorption capacity, which equals 10.7 mg g−1. Adsorption kinetics results indicated that the pseudo‐first‐order model is more applicable to W(VI) as qe(exp.) = 4.2 mg g−1 is close to qe(cal.) = 4.3 mg g−1, but Mo(VI) was found to fit with the pseudo‐second order‐model.CONCLUSIONRecovery of Mo(VI) and W(VI) was applied to dental metal filaments waste of (Co‐Cr‐Mo) alloys using TVEX‐TOPO and a flow sheet describing the proposed process was given. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
White matter injury in the neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain and potential therapies targeting microglia
Authors: Shao Rongjiao , Sun Dawei , Hu Yue , Cui Derong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic–ischemic (H‐I) injury, which mainly causes neuronal damage and white matter injury (WMI), is among the predominant causes of infant morbidity (cerebral palsy, cognitive and persistent motor disabilities) and mortality. Disruptions to the oxygen and blood supply in the perinatal brain affect the cerebral microenvironment and may affect microglial activation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Microglia are significantly associated with axonal damage and myelinating oligodendrocytes, which are major pathological components of WMI. However, the effects of H‐I injury on microglial functions and underlying transformation mechanisms remain poorly understood. The historical perception that these cells are major risk factors for ischemic stroke has been questioned due to our improved understanding of the diversity of microglial phenotypes and their alterable functions, which exacerbate or attenuate injuries in different regions in response to environmental instability. Unfortunately, although therapeutic hypothermia is an efficient treatment, death and disability remain the prognosis for a large proportion of neonates with H‐I injury. Hence, novel neuroprotective therapies to treat WMI following H‐I injury are urgently needed. Here, we review microglial mechanisms that might occur in the developing brain due to neonatal H‐I injury and discuss whether microglia function as a double‐edged sword in WMI. Then, we emphasize microglial heterogeneity, notably at the single‐cell level, and sex‐specific effects on the etiology of neurological diseases. Finally, we discuss current knowledge of strategies aiming to improve microglia modulation and remyelination following neonatal H‐I injury. Overall, microglia‐targeted therapy might provide novel and valuable insights into the treatment of neonatal H‐I insult.
Assessment of the quality, oxidative status and dietary energy value of lipids used in non‐ruminant animal nutrition
Authors: Wealleans Alexandra L , Bierinckx Karen , Witters Erwin , di Benedetto Mauro , Wiseman Julian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFats and oils represent the most concentrated source of energy available to animal nutritionists and form an expensive part of the diet. Thorough understanding of lipid quality and composition are required for efficient and precise diet formulation. Therefore, 724 samples of commercially available fats and oils were assessed for fatty acid profile, oxidation status and energetic value as per the Wiseman equation, with consideration of a correction factor K, which is based on the presence of the energy diluting compounds moisture, impurities and unsaponifiables.RESULTSEnergy diluting compounds were widespread across fat types and sources. Average MIU (moisture, insoluble impurities and unsaponifiable matter) presence in individual oils was 5.1–28.1 g kg−1. Using the adapted Wiseman equation presented in the current paper, which reflects the energy diluting potential of MIU, the calculated energy values of fats and oils is reduced by up to 46% in extreme cases compared to those predicted by the original equation. From the chemical parameters, it is clear that there is limited correlation between individual measures of oxidation, with only weak negative correlations between 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and Oxidative Stability Index (OSI) values (Spearman's ρ between −0.20 and −0.39) and a weak to moderate negative correlation between peroxide value (PV) and OSI (Spearman's ρ between −0.20 and −0.59) for certain fats and oils. A moderate to very strong positive correlation between FFA and the energy diluting compounds MIU was observed for all animal fats (Spearman's ρ between 0.40 and 1.00).CONCLUSIONThe current report highlights the large variation in composition and quality seen in commercially available fats and oils and encourages ongoing analysis and assessment rather than reliance on published values. The results also indicate that the oxidation parameters when interpreted as separate values lack the power of inferring oil and fat quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Combination of mutagenesis and adaptive evolution to engineer salt‐tolerant and aroma‐producing yeast for soy sauce fermentation
Authors: Li Yun‐Cheng , Rao Jia‐Wei , Meng Fan‐Bing , Wang Zhong‐Wei , Liu Da‐Yu , Yu Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe moromi fermentation of high‐salt liquid‐state fermentation (HLF) soy sauce is usually performed in high‐brine solution (17–20%, w/w), which decreases the metabolic activity of aroma‐producing yeast. To enhance the soy sauce flavors, increasing the salt tolerance of aroma‐producing yeasts is very important for HLF soy sauce fermentation.RESULTSIn the present study, atmospheric and room‐temperature plasma (ARTP) was first used to mutate the aroma‐producing yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus, and the salt tolerant strains were obtained by selection of synthetic medium with a sodium chloride concentration of 18% (w/w). Furthermore, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was used to improve the salt tolerance of the mutant strains. The results obtained indicated that the combination use of ARTP and ALE markedly increased the NaCl tolerance of the yeast by increasing the cellular accumulation of K+ and removal of cytosolic Na+, in addition to promoting the production of glycerin and strengthening the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall. In soy sauce fermentation, the engineered strains improved the physicochemical parameters of HLF soy sauce compared to those produced by the wild‐type strain, and the engineered strains also increased the alcohol, acid and aldehyde production, and enriched the types of esters in the soy sauce.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicated that the combination of ARTP mutagenesis and ALE significantly improved the salt tolerance of the aroma‐producing yeast, and also enhanced the production of volatiles of HLF soy sauce. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry