bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (‘THRIVE’) in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Hey S Y , Milligan P , Adamson R M , Nixon I J , McNarry A F 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (‘THRIVE’) has been classified as a high-risk aerosol-generating procedure and is strongly discouraged, despite a lack of conclusive evidence on its safety.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the safety of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange usage and its impact on staff members. A prospective study was conducted on all transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange cases performed in our unit between March and July 2020.ResultsDuring the study period, 18 patients with a variety of airway pathologies were successfully managed with transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange. For each case, 7–10 staff members were present. Appropriate personal protective equipment protocols were strictly implemented and adhered to. None of the staff involved reported symptoms or tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019, up to at least a month following their exposure to transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange.ConclusionWith strictly correct personal protective equipment use, transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange can be safely employed for carefully selected patients in the current pandemic, without jeopardising the health and safety of the ENT and anaesthetic workforce.
The relation between serum D-dimer, ferritin and vitamin D levels, and dysgeusia symptoms, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Elibol E , Baran H 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between serum D-dimer, ferritin and vitamin D levels, and dysgeusia symptoms, in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodsThe present study was conducted with the medical records of 300 patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019, hospitalised between 28 March and 15 August 2020. The patients were divided into two groups regarding the presence or absence of dysgeusia symptoms.ResultsFever and sore throat rates, and the mean D-dimer level, were considerably higher in the dysgeusia group than in the non-dysgeusia group (32.1 vs 21.6 per cent, p = 0.04; 43.6 vs 20.7 per cent, p < 0.001; and 0.54 ± 0.32 vs 0.49 ± 0.51 mg/l FEU, p = 0.008, respectively). The mean age was significantly lower in the dysgeusia group than in the non-dysgeusia group (42.83 ± 12.31 vs 50.51 ± 13.67 years, p < 0.001).ConclusionYounger age, fever and shortness of breath could be observed in patients with dysgeusia symptoms. In addition, the D-dimer level was significantly higher in the dysgeusia group.
Unveiling the dynamics of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae, through reproductive and population characteristics on the south-eastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Sousa Aline Nonato de , Bernardes Veronica Pereira , Bernardo Camila Hipolito , Teixeira Gustavo Monteiro , Marques Alexandre de Oliveira , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe investigated the population dynamics of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae, focusing on the frequency distribution of individuals in size classes, sex ratio and the action of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, texture and organic matter content in the sediment) on reproduction and recruitment. Monthly collections were made in the Ubatuba region from January 1998 to December 2000. A total of 222 individuals were collected, including 123 juveniles (males and females), 43 adult males, 25 non-ovigerous adult females and 31 ovigerous females. Unlike most adult brachyurans, there was no significant size difference between sexes, and sexual dimorphism seems to be a varying characteristic for this crab genus. The reproductive period and recruitment were continuous with peaks that could be related to water mass dynamics and higher food availability in the Ubatuba region. In addition, our results increase knowledge about part of the life cycle of L. ferreirae, which could be useful for comparative studies.
Setaria cervi(Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) undressing in ungulates: altered morphology of developmental stages, their molecular detection and complete sequencecox1 gene
Authors: Lanková Sylva , Vejl Pavel , Melounová Martina , Čílová Daniela , Vadlejch Jaroslav , Miklisová Dana , Jankovská Ivana , Langrová Iva 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work introduces new morphological and molecular information on the filaroid nematodeSetaria cervi(Rudolphi, 1819) obtained from 13 infected game ungulates out of 96 dissected. The hosts comprised the following: a single moose (Alces alces), ten red deer (Cervus elaphus) and two sika deer (Cervus nippon) originating from the western and northern regions of the Czech Republic. Based on the complete sequences of the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), all 20 females and four males belonged to the speciesS. cervi. We detected three developmental female stages (adult fertile females, juvenile L5 females and L4 female larvae) differing in size and some morphological traits as the subtle structure of peribuccal crown and shape and features of tail knob. Such differences were described in detail for the first time. The phylogenetic relationships within the family Onchocercidae have been evaluated using new information on thecox1 sequence ofS. cervi(maximum likelihood method, GTR + I + G model). In accordance with the latest phylogenetic studies, the present analysis confirmed the ancient separation of the subclass Setariinae from the remaining two onchocercid lineages Dirofilariinae and Onchocerinae.
Is part of ageism actually ableism?
Authors: van der Horst Mariska , Vickerstaff Sarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgeism is a widely used term that is not (yet) well understood. We propose a redefinition of ageism and to separate it from ableism. We believe this to be important as remedies may depend on whether someone is experiencing ageism or ableism. While focusing the discussion on older workers as a sub-group of older people who (can) experience ageism, we assess the usefulness of critical (feminist) disability studies for ageism research. We hope that redefining ageism and analytically separating it from ableism (without suggesting that both concepts should be studied independently from one another) will provide guidance for researchers who study ageism and will allow for more specific policy guidance on how to solve difficulties experienced by older workers.
ADAM SMITH AND THE ORIGINS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Paganelli Maria Pia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe method of analysis Adam Smith uses is relatively similar to the method economics generally uses today, especially the subfield of experimental economics. The method of analysis that Smith uses is coherent and consistent throughout his whole work. He searches for constant variables and then sees what variables are changed by exogenous changes. In particular, Smith looks for the constancy in human nature, and analyzes how historical and material circumstances change the incentives that the constant human nature faces. This method, applied to human conduct in all its aspects, makes it easy for many economists today to see some continuity between Smith’s political economy and today’s economic science.
THE LEVELLERS AND THE BIRTH OF LIBERAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Otteson James R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhen did liberal political theory, or perhaps liberal political economy, begin? Although many would trace their beginnings to the writings of Adam Smith, David Hume, or perhaps John Locke, in fact many of the propositions we today recognize as forming the core of liberalism were articulated in the first half of the seventeenth century by an unduly neglected group called the Levellers and their leader John Lilburne. In this essay, I first give some historical background and context to the Levellers and Lilburne. Next, I articulate several of their liberal positions, including freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of commerce and trade, and I examine their justifications for these positions, which I argue were both novel and radical. I conclude by exploring the contemporary relevance of the Levellers and argue that they should be considered as among liberalism’s most important founders.
POLITY AND ECONOMY IN PLATO’SREPUBLIC
Authors: Lomasky Loren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough the architectonic of Plato’s best city is dazzling, some critics find its detailed prescriptions inimical to human freedom and well-being. Most notably, Karl Popper in The Open Society and its Enemies sees it as a proto-totalitarian recipe, choking all initiative and variety out of the citizenry. This essay does not directly respond to Popper’s critique but instead spotlights a strand in the dialogue that positions Plato as an advocate of regulatory relaxation and economic liberty to an extent otherwise unknown in the ancient world and by no means unopposed in ours. His contribution to liberal political economy thereby merits greater attention and respect.
Access to Justice in Higher Education: The Student as Consumer in China
Authors: Zhou Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the massive expansion of higher education in China from the late 1990s onwards, private (“social”) forces have increasingly funded higher education institutions. In today's competitive and commercialized environment, private universities are under increasing pressure to make themselves more attractive to potential students. As a result, private HEIs sometimes resort to misleading marketing practices in order to entice prospective students and hike up tuition fees, despite often providing substandard education. The handling of student–university disputes by the courts and other bodies tends to remain administrative in nature. Students are to be regulated rather than seen as consumers with rights and interests to be protected. The system fails to provide adequate redress for the shoddy treatment and educational service that students in private institutions often receive. This paper suggests that a more “consumer welfare” approach would complement the current institutionally focused, academic administration approach found in mainland China today. Given the problems with many private HEIs in China, it would also reflect more realistically the needs of the emerging “student-consumer.”
DRAPING WOVEN SHEETS
Authors: HOWELL P. D. , OCKENDON H. , OCKENDON J. R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivated by the manufacture of carbon fibre components, this paper considers the smooth draping of loosely woven fabric over rigid obstacles, both smooth and nonsmooth. The draped fabric is modelled as the continuum limit of a Chebyshev net of two families of short rigid rods that are freely pivoted at their joints. This approach results in a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations whose characteristics are the fibres in the fabric. The analysis of this system gives useful information about the drapability of obstacles of many shapes and also poses interesting theoretical questions concerning well-posedness, smoothness and computability of the solutions.
Four-element MIMO antenna for X-band applications
Authors: Eslami Ali , Nourinia Javad , Ghobadi Changiz , Shokri Majid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents a new design of a four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, which is suitable for X-band applications. The circular polarization (CP) operation in this work is attained by using Tai Chi-shaped patches and L-shaped feeds. The proposed four-element MIMO antenna achieves two resonant frequencies, the first one at around 7.75 GHz and the second one with CP radiation is at approximately 10.15 GHz frequency. The measured isolations between ports with 46.7 × 46.7 mm2 total dimensions are <−20 dB. Due to the experiments, the envelop correlation coefficient for the orthogonal and parallel ports of the proposed MIMO antenna is <0.003 and 0.005, respectively. Additionally, the presented antenna has a circularly polarized performance in the frequency band of 9.75–10.41 GHz and the average realized peak gain almost 2 dBic. The investigated antenna in this work is fabricated and tested in which the results are in a good agreement.
Countering impaired glucose homeostasis during catch-up growth with essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: is there a major role for improved insulin sensitivity?
Authors: Calonne Julie , Marcelino Helena , Veyrat-Durebex Christelle , Scerri Isabelle , Dulloo Abdul G. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Catch-up growth, an important risk factor for later obesity and type 2 diabetes, is often characterized by a high rate of fat deposition associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. We tested here the hypothesis that refeeding on a high-fat diet rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (ePUFA) improves glucose homeostasis primarily by enhancing insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues.

Methods
Rats were caloric restricted for 2 weeks followed by 1–2 weeks of isocaloric refeeding on either a low-fat (LF) diet, a high-fat (HF) diet based on animal fat and high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (HF SMFA diet), or a HF diet based on vegetable oils (1:1 mixture of safflower and linseed oils) and rich in the essential fatty acids linoleic and α-linolenic acids (HF ePUFA diet). In addition to measuring body composition and a test of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity was assessed during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps at the whole-body level and in individual skeletal muscles and adipose tissue depots.

Results
Compared to animals refed the LF diet, those refed the HF-SMFA diet showed a higher rate of fat deposition, higher plasma insulin and glucose responses during the test of glucose tolerance, and markedly lower insulin-stimulated glucose utilization at the whole body level (by a-third to a-half) and in adipose tissue depots (by 2–5 folds) during insulin clamps. While refeeding on the ePUFA diet prevented the increases in fat mass and in plasma insulin and glucose, the results of insulin clamps revealed that insulin-stimulated glucose utilization was not increased in skeletal muscles and only marginally higher in adipose tissues and at the whole-body level.

Conclusions
These results suggest only a minor role for enhanced insulin sensitivity in the mechanisms by which diets high in ePUFA improves glucose homeostasis during catch-up growth.
Neurotrophic factor-α1, a novel tropin is critical for the prevention of stress-induced hippocampal CA3 cell death and cognitive dysfunction in mice: comparison to BDNF
Authors: Xiao Lan , Sharma Vinay Kumar , Toulabi Leila , Yang Xuyu , Lee Cheol , Abebe Daniel , Peltekian Areg , Arnaoutova Irina , Lou Hong , Loh Y. Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStress leads to brain pathology including hippocampal degeneration, cognitive dysfunction, and potential mood disorders. Hippocampal CA3, a most stress-vulnerable region, consists of pyramidal neurons that regulate cognitive functions e.g. learning and memory. These CA3 neurons express high levels of the neuroprotective protein, neurotrophic factor-α1 (NF-α1), also known as carboxypeptidase E (CPE), and receive contacts from granule cell projections that release BDNF which has neuroprotective activity. Whether NF-α1-CPE and/or BDNF are critical in protecting these CA3 neurons against severe stress-induced cell death is unknown. Here we show that social combined with the physical stress of maternal separation, ear tagging, and tail snipping at weaning in 3-week-old mice lacking NF-α1-CPE, led to complete hippocampal CA3 degeneration, despite having BDNF and active phosphorylated TrkB receptor levels similar to WT animals. Mice administered TrkB inhibitor, ANA12 which blocked TrkB phosphorylation showed no degeneration of the CA3 neurons after the weaning stress paradigm. Furthermore, transgenic knock-in mice expressing CPE-E342Q, an enzymatically inactive form, replacing NF-α1-CPE, showed no CA3 degeneration and exhibited normal learning and memory after the weaning stress, unlike NF-α1-CPE-KO mice. Mechanistically, we showed that radio-labeled NF-α1-CPE bound HT22 hippocampal cells in a saturable manner and with high affinity (Kd = 4.37 nM). Subsequently, treatment of the HT22cpe−/− cells with NF-α1-CPE or CPE-E342Q equivalently activated ERK signaling and increased BCL2 expression to protect these neurons against H2O2-or glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Our findings show that NF-α1-CPE is more critical compared to BDNF in protecting CA3 pyramidal neurons against stress-induced cell death and cognitive dysfunction, independent of its enzymatic activity.
Towards in vivo imaging of functionally active 5-HT1A receptors in schizophrenia: concepts and challenges
Authors: Razakarivony Oriane , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Zimmer Luc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe serotonin 5-HT1A receptor has attracted wide attention as a target for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Although this receptor is important in the pharmacological mechanisms of action of new-generation antipsychotics, its characterization remains incomplete. Studies based on in vitro molecular imaging on brain tissue by autoradiography, and more recently in vivo PET imaging, have not yielded clear results, in particular due to the limitations of current 5-HT1A radiotracers, which lack specificity and/or bind to all 5-HT1A receptors, regardless of their functional status. The new concept of PET neuroimaging of functionally active G-protein-coupled receptors makes it possible to revisit PET brain exploration by enabling new research paradigms. For the 5-HT1A receptor it is now possible to use [18F]-F13640, a 5-HT1A receptor radioligand with high efficacy agonist properties, to specifically visualize and quantify functionally active receptors, and to relate this information to subjects’ pathophysiological or pharmacological state. We therefore propose imaging protocols to follow changes in the pattern of functional 5-HT1A receptors in relation to mood deficits or cognitive processes. This could allow improved discrimination of different schizophrenia phenotypes and greater understanding of the basis of therapeutic responses to antipsychotic drugs. Finally, as well as targeting functionally active receptors to gain insights into the role of 5-HT1A receptors, the concept can also be extended to the study of other receptors involved in the pathophysiology or therapy of psychiatric disorders.
Chronic unpredictable mild stress produces depressive-like behavior, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic dysfunction in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Teng Teng , Shively Carol A. , Li Xuemei , Jiang Xiaofeng , Neigh Gretchen N. , Yin Bangmin , Zhang Yuqing , Fan Li , Xiang Yajie , Wang Mingyang , Liu Xueer , Qin Mengchang , Zhou Xinyu , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdolescent depression is a common and serious mental disorder with unique characteristics that are distinct from adult depression. The adult non-human primate stress-induced model of depressive-like behavior is an excellent model for the study of mechanisms; however, an adolescent nonhuman primate model is still lacking. Ten male adolescent cynomolgus monkeys were divided into a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS, n = 5) group and a control (CON, n = 5) group by age and weight-matched pairs. The CUMS group was exposed to multiple unpredictable mild stressors for five cycles over 55 days. At baseline, there were no differences between CUMS and CON groups. At endpoint, the CUMS group demonstrated significantly higher depressive-like behavior (huddle posture), and significantly lower locomotion compared with the CON group. Furthermore, depressive-like behavior increased from baseline to endpoint in the CUMS group, but not changed in the CON group. In the attempt for apple test, the CUMS group made significantly fewer attempts for the apple than the CON group. In the human intruder test, the CUMS group showed significantly higher anxiety-like behaviors in the stare phase than the CON group. Hair cortisol level was significantly higher in the CUMS group than the CON group at endpoint, and was also elevated from baseline to endpoint. Metabolic profiling of plasma at endpoint identified alterations in metabolite pathways which overlapped with those of adolescent depression patients. CUMS can induce depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors, hypercortisolemia, and metabolic perturbations in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. This is a promising model to study the mechanisms underlying adolescent depression.
Transcription factor 4 and its association with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Teixeira José R. , Szeto Ryan A. , Carvalho Vinicius M. A. , Muotri Alysson R. , Papes Fabio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe human transcription factor 4 gene (TCF4) encodes a helix–loop–helix transcription factor widely expressed throughout the body and during neural development. Mutations in TCF4 cause a devastating autism spectrum disorder known as Pitt–Hopkins syndrome, characterized by a range of aberrant phenotypes including severe intellectual disability, absence of speech, delayed cognitive and motor development, and dysmorphic features. Moreover, polymorphisms in TCF4 have been associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric and neurological conditions. Details about how TCF4 genetic variants are linked to these diseases and the role of TCF4 during neural development are only now beginning to emerge. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the functions of TCF4 and its protein products at both the cellular and organismic levels, as well as a description of pathophysiological mechanisms associated with this gene.