bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond language: Motivators and barriers to breast cancer screening among Korean‐speaking women in Sydney Metropolitan, Australia
Authors: Kim Su Kyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are persistent disparities in breast screening participation rates between Australian‐born women and women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. Cancer Institute NSW statistics from 2015 show Korean speaking women had the second lowest breast screening participation rates when compared across all language groups.ObjectiveThe study aimed to gain a better understanding of the motivators and barriers associated with participation in breast cancer screening among women from a Korean background living in the Sydney metropolitan area.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews (n = 32) and small focus groups (n = 28) were conducted. Data from interviews and focus group discussions were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings highlight the barriers to access breast screening services extend beyond language to include perception, a lack of knowledge and understanding of the services offered, unfamiliarity with the Australian healthcare system and distrust in breast screening services.ConclusionSupporting Korean women to understand and navigate the Australian healthcare system plays an important role in increasing breast screening participation rates. Key strategies to provide this support include the delivery of culturally sensitive health promotion and community engagement as well as the provision of translated health information.
Identification and validation of immune‐related lncRNA prognostic signatures for melanoma
Authors: Xiao Bo , Liu Liyan , Li Aoyu , Wang Pingxiao , Xiang Cheng , Li Hui , Xiao Tao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionMelanoma is a highly aggressive malignant skin tumor as well as the primary reason for skin cancer‐specific deaths. We first identified immune‐related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prognostic signature and found potential immunotherapeutic targets for melanoma cancer.MethodsRNA‐seq data and clinical features of melanoma samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Samples of melanoma were randomly assigned to the training and testing cohort. The immune‐related lncRNA signature was then obtained via using univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox analysis of patients in the training cohort. Eight significant immune‐related lncRNA signature was then subsequently obtained through correlation analysis between immune‐related genes and lncRNAs. The association between risk score and immune cell infiltration was finally assessed using TIMER and CIBERSORT.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐six immune‐related lncRNAs were obtained. Among them, eight immune‐related lncRNAs were identified to build a prognostic risk signature model. The model's performance was then confirmed using the Kaplan–Meier curves, risk plots, and time‐dependent receiver‐operating characteristic curves in the training cohort. The risk score was identified and confirmed as an independent prognostic factor through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. These results were further verified in the testing and whole cohorts. CIBERSORT algorithm showed that the infiltration levels of T cells CD8, M1 macrophages, plasma cells, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells gamma delta, and mast cells activated were significantly lower in the high‐risk group while the infiltration level of macrophages M0 was significantly lower in the low‐risk group.ConclusionThe immune‐related lncRNA signature offers prognostic markers and potential immunotherapeutic targets for melanoma.
Muslim Online Prayer in a Sociocultural Context
Authors: Hegazy Wael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe article argues that the debate over the online prayer is not just an ordinary fatwa issued by religious scholars for the Muslim Ummah, but it rather goes through a complicated process of social, identarian, cultural, authoritative, and transnational caveats. The physicality entailed by this debate over the online prayer shows how the place of worship along with the physical presence in it while performing the prayer is considered as an identity marker, a tool for sustaining the social fiber and the culture of the Muslim community. The article concludes by situating the debate over the online prayer within a broader framework of online religion versus religion online and the impact of the virtualization of rituals on the perception of the religious experience.
Front Cover
Authors: Rodewald Marko , Bae Hyeonsoo , Huschke Sophie , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Press Adrian Tibor , Schubert Stephanie , Bauer Michael , Popp Juergen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key cell type in the development of liver fibrosis. Despite their importance, the identification of HSCs in bulky tissue has remained challenging. Coherent anti‐ Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) can be used to identify HSCs in the liver of a living mouse. HSCs are the main target of novel nanomedical strategies in the development of a treatment for liver fibrosis. Their role in the vitamin A metabolism and the exceptionally high Raman cross section of retinyl compounds make CARS the ideal tool for this otherwise challenging task.Further details can be found in the article by Marko Rodewald, Hyeonsoo Bae, Sophie Huschke, Tobias Meyer‐Zedler, Michael Schmitt, Adrian Tibor Press, Stephanie Schubert, Michael Bauer, and Jürgen Popp (e202100040).
image
Is perfectionism always unhealthy? Examining the moderating effects of psychological flexibility and self‐compassion
Authors: Ong Clarissa W. , Lee Eric B. , Petersen Julie M. , Levin Michael E. , Twohig Michael P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivePerfectionism is generally associated with worse mental health outcomes, though evidence suggests elements of it may be helpful. In light of these findings, we examined whether psychological skills like psychological flexibility and self‐compassion moderated the relationship between perfectionism and wellbeing (i.e., quality of life, symptom impairment, and psychological distress).MethodsUndergraduate students (N = 677) completed self‐report measures.ResultsA latent profile analysis identified three perfectionism groups (low, average, and high) based on four perfectionism subscales: concern over mistakes, need for approval, rumination, and striving for excellence. Generally, we found that psychological flexibility and/or self‐compassion buffered the impact of average and high perfectionism on quality of life and symptom impairment.ConclusionOur results support the utility of practicing psychological flexibility and/or self‐compassion for people with average and high levels of perfectionism. Limitations include using a cross‐sectional design and nonclinical sample.
Alcohol and other substance use by faculty, staff, and students in a university community during two hurricanes: Lessons for preventing risky misuse
Authors: Noel Nora E. , van Swearingen Kristen M. , Urch Melissa A. , Crews Faith S. , Espinosa‐Hernandez Graciela , McCool Matison W. , Jackson Lee A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunities commonly warn against heavy alcohol and other substance use during natural disasters like hurricanes, because such use may produce risk for individuals and communities, with studies showing deleterious effects persisting months or even years. Examining patterns and emotional correlates of use in the immediate presence of hurricanes may identify useful risk prevention targets. We assessed self‐reported substance use and emotions in a university community (faculty, staff, and students) having the unlucky fate of experiencing hurricanes in early September 2 years in a row. Participants (403 in 2018, 76.0% female; M age 28.82; SD = 12.36 and 292 in 2019, 72.6% female; M age 30.63; SD = 13.96) reported typical weekly substance use and emotions and then the same data during each hurricane day. Results showed elevated use of alcohol, caffeine and tobacco before and during each hurricane, but a rapid drop‐off of alcohol and caffeine (but not tobacco) use immediately after—although anxiety remained high. Findings are interpreted using both tension‐reduction and stress‐coping models and suggestions are made for future risk mitigation.
Age‐specific differences in the magnitude of malaria‐related anemia during low and high malaria seasons in rural Zambian children
Authors: Acheampong Clement O. , Barffour Maxwell A. , Schulze Kerry J. , Chileshe Justin , Kalungwana Ng'andwe , Siamusantu Ward , West Keith P. , Palmer Amanda C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMalaria causes anemia by destruction of red blood cells and inhibition of erythropoiesis.ObjectiveWe assessed whether the magnitude of the malaria‐specific effect on anemia differs by age, during low and high malaria seasons.MethodIn rural Zambian children participating in a pro‐vitamin A efficacy trial, we estimated differences in the prevalence of anemia (defined as hemoglobin < 110 g/L for children < 60 months. and < 115 g/L in older children) by malaria status and assessed malaria‐age interactions. Regression models (with anemia as the outcome) were used to model malaria‐age interaction in both the low and high malaria seasons, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsAverage age was 68 months at baseline (n = 820 children). In the low malaria season, anemia prevalence was 29% in malaria‐negative children and 54% in malaria‐positive children (p < 0.001), with no malaria‐age interactions (p = 0.44). In the high malaria season, anemia prevalence was 41% in malaria‐negative children and 54% in malaria‐positive children (p < 0.001), with significant malaria‐age interactions (p = 0.02 for anemia). Age‐stratified prevalence of anemia in malaria positive versus negative children was 67.0% versus 37.1% (in children < 60 months); 57.0% versus 37.2% (in 60–69 months.); 46.8% versus 37.2% (in 70–79 months.); 37.0% versus 37.3% (in 80–89 months) and 28.0% versus 37.4% (in 90+ months).ConclusionsMalarial anemia is most severe in younger children, especially when transmission is intense. Anemia control programs must prioritize this vulnerable group.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4‐(6‐substituted quinolin‐4‐yl)‐N‐aryl thiazol‐2‐amine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents
Authors: Thakare Prashant , Shinde Abhijit , Dakhane Sagar , Chavan Abhijit , Bobade Vivek D. , Mhaske Pravin C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCyclocondensation reaction of 4‐(2‐bromoacetyl)quinolin‐1‐ium bromide (4a–d) with substituted arylthiourea, (5a–g) afforded 4‐(6‐substituted quinolin‐4‐yl)‐N‐aryl/pyridyl thiazol‐2‐amine (6a‐ab). These newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2574), Proteus mirabilis (NCIM 2388) (Gram‐negative strains), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2063), Staphylococcus albus (NCIM 2178) (Gram‐positive strains) and in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (ATCC 504) and Candida albicans (NCIM 3100). Compounds 6a, 6b, 6d, 6f, 6k, and 6l showed moderate to good antibacterial activity against S. albus. Ten derivatives 6c, 6q, 6r, 6s, 6t, 6v, 6w, 6x, 6y, and 6aa, showed moderate to good activity against A. niger. N‐[4‐(Quinolin‐4‐yl)‐1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl]pyridin‐2‐amine presented comparable activity against A. niger with respect to standard drug Rouconazole.
In vitro functional analysis of four variants of human asparagine synthetase
Authors: Matsumoto Hideki , Kawashima Nana , Yamamoto Takahiro , Nakama Mina , Otsuka Hiroki , Ago Yasuhiko , Sasai Hideo , Kubota Kazuo , Ozeki Michio , Kawamoto Norio , Esaka Yukihiro , Ohnishi Hidenori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe loss‐of‐function variants of the human asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene cause asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD). Diagnosis of ASNSD requires genetic tests because a specific biochemical diagnostic for ASNSD is not available. There are a few reports describing the functional evaluation of ASNS variants. Therefore, in vitro methods are needed to evaluate the detected variants in patients. In this report, five types of human ASNS proteins (wild‐type and our reported four variants: p.Leu145Ser, p.Leu247Trp, p.Val489Asp, and p.Trp541Cysfs*5) were expressed in silkworm using a baculoviral expression system. An enzymatic activity assay of ASNS was performed, and the concentration of asparagine by ninhydrin and High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods using the purified recombinant proteins was measured. We established ASNS deficient HEK293 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method and evaluated the growth of cells without asparagine after transduction of ASNS variants with a lentiviral expression system. The four ASNS variants displayed significantly low enzymatic activity. The ASNS deficient HEK293 cells transduced with wild‐type ASNS grew without asparagine, whereas cells transduced with the variants did not grow or showed significantly slower growth than cells transduced with wild‐type ASNS. Herein, we established a method for evaluating the enzymatic activity of the recombinant human ASNS variants. The results of the cell‐based assay corroborated the results of the enzymatic activity. These methods should enable the evaluation of the pathogenicity of ASNS variants.
The atypical small GTPase GEM/Kir is a negative regulator of the NADPH oxidase and NETs production through macroautophagy
Authors: Johnson Jennifer L , Ramadass Mahalakshmi , Rahman Farhana , Meneses-Salas Elsa , Zgajnar Nadia R , Carvalho Gontijo Raquel , Zhang Jinzhong , Kiosses William B , Zhu Yanfang Peipei , Hedrick Catherine C , Perego Marta , Gunton Jenny E , Pestonjamasp Kersi , Napolitano Gennaro , Catz Sergio D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite the important function of neutrophils in the eradication of infections and induction of inflammation, the molecular mechanisms regulating the activation and termination of the neutrophil immune response is not well understood. Here, the function of the small GTPase from the RGK family, Gem, is characterized as a negative regulator of the NADPH oxidase through autophagy regulation. Gem knockout (Gem KO) neutrophils show increased NADPH oxidase activation and increased production of extracellular and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced ROS production in Gem KO neutrophils was associated with increased NADPH oxidase complex-assembly as determined by quantitative super-resolution microscopy, but normal exocytosis of gelatinase and azurophilic granules. Gem-deficiency was associated with increased basal autophagosomes and autolysosome numbers but decreased autophagic flux under phorbol ester-induced conditions. Neutrophil stimulation triggered the localization of the NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox at LC3-positive structures suggesting that the assembled NADPH oxidase complex is recruited to autophagosomes, which was significantly increased in Gem KO neutrophils. Prevention of new autophagosome formation by treatment with SAR405 increased ROS production while induction of autophagy by Torin-1 decreased ROS production in Gem KO neutrophils, and also in wild-type neutrophils, suggesting that macroautophagy contributes to the termination of NADPH oxidase activity. Autophagy inhibition decreased NETs formation independently of enhanced ROS production. NETs production, which was significantly increased in Gem-deficient neutrophils, was decreased by inhibition of both autophagy and calmodulin, a known GEM interactor. Intracellular ROS production was increased in Gem KO neutrophils challenged with live Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Salmonella Typhimurium, but phagocytosis was not affected in Gem-deficient cells. In vivo analysis in a model of Salmonella Typhimurium infection indicates that Gem-deficiency provides a genetic advantage manifested as a moderate increased in survival to infections. Altogether, the data suggest that Gem-deficiency leads to the enhancement of the neutrophil innate immune response by increasing NADPH oxidase assembly and NETs production and that macroautophagy differentially regulates ROS and NETs in neutrophils.
Characterization of simulated extreme El Niño events and projected impacts on South American climate extremes by a set of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 global climate models
Authors: Gulizia Carla , Pirotte Martín N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study the simulated extreme and moderate El Niño events (e.g., frequency of occurrence and spatial variability) are characterized and the historical teleconnections on precipitation and temperature climate extremes in South America are analysed. Future projected changes in these teleconnections under a global warming context are also addressed. For this purpose a set of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) simulations derived from three experiments (historical, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are considered. The study period is 1916–2100. As El Niño is seasonally phase‐locked, peaking in late austral spring and summer, the present analysis is carried out for these two seasons, as well as annually. Results indicate that extreme El Niño events are projected to double their occurrence considering RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, while a less pronounced increase is projected for moderate El Niño events. Most of these events show a similar pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies: a positive centre in the central equatorial Pacific that extends eastward to the coast of America. In a global warming context, the resemblance between these events may decrease. Overall, the spatial structure of the impacts of El Niño are expected to be similar between moderate and extreme events, although in some cases (regions and seasons), a higher intensity is observed considering the events characterized as extreme El Niños rather than moderate ones. As extreme El Niño events are expected to be more frequent in the future, the impacts on climate extremes as well as the associated socioeconomic impacts would also take place much more frequently too.
Internal atmospheric variability of net surface heat flux in reanalyses and CMIP5 AMIP simulations
Authors: Chen Hua , Schneider Edwin K. , Zhu Zhiwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe internal atmospheric variability (IAV) of the net surface heat flux (NHF) in the observed 20th/21st century atmosphere is estimated as the residual after removing the sea surface temperature (SST) and externally forced atmospheric response derived from the four atmospheric models of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations under phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The mean NHF of four atmospheric reanalysis datasets is an estimate of the observed NHF. Although the AMIP models are forced with the same SST and external forcing, the forced responses differ significantly among AMIP models, suggestive of uncertainty in the models. Besides, the uncertainty of IAV in the reanalyses could also arise from the uncertainty in reanalyses as observations contain errors and reanalysis includes interpolation by models. It is concluded that: (a) The SST/NHF and SST/forced NHF correlations are significantly negative over most of world ocean in the AMIP models, indicating damping of the SST anomalies by the NHF. (b) The IAV of the AMIP models is not correlated with SST, while the positive IAV/SST correlations in the reanalyses suggests the role of IAV in forcing the SST variability in the extra‐tropics. (c) The standard deviation (STD) of the IAV of AMIP models is indistinguishable from that of the mean reanalysis over a majority of world ocean, and the STD of the NHF of the AMIP models is larger than that of the mean reanalysis in the subtropics and midlatitudes. (d) The IAV in the mean reanalysis plays a role in forcing the SST variability in the extra‐tropics (e.g., Atlantic Multidecadal Variability), while it may not be an important forcing in the tropical oceans (e.g., ENSO).
Comparing the efficacy of adipose‐derived and bone marrow‐derived cells in a rat model of posterolateral lumbar fusion
Authors: Holmes Christina , Ishida Wataru , Perdomo‐Pantoja Alexander , Elder Benjamin D. , Cottrill Ethan , Locke John , Witham Timothy F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs) have been widely used in spinal fusion procedures, adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) offer a number of advantages as an alternative clinical cell source. This study directly compares the efficacy of ASCs and BMCs from the same donor animals to achieve successful fusion when combined with a clinical‐grade bone graft substitute in a rat lumbar fusion model. ASCs and BMCs were isolated from the same Lewis donor rats and grown to passage 2 (P2). Single‐level bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar fusion surgery was performed on syngeneic rats divided into three experimental groups: clinical‐grade bone graft substitute alone (CBGS); CBGS+ rat ASCs (rASC); and, CBGS+ rat BMCs (rBMC). Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via micro‐CT, manual palpation and histology. In vitro analysis of the osteogenic capacity of rBMCs and rASCs was also performed. Results indicated that the average fusion volume in the rASC group was the largest and was significantly larger than the CBGS group. Although the rASC group displayed the highest fusion rates via micro‐CT and manual palpation, this difference was not statistically significant. Cell‐seeded grafts showed more histological bone formation than cell‐free grafts. P2 rASCs and rBMCs displayed similar in vitro osteogenic differentiation capacities. Overall, this study showed that, when combined with a clinical‐grade bone graft substitute in a rat model, rASCs cells yielded the largest fusion masses and comparable fusion results to rBMCs. These results add to growing evidence that ASCs provide an attractive alternative to BMCs for spinal fusion procedures.
Sex differences in systemic bone and muscle loss following femur fracture in mice
Authors: Osipov Benjamin , Paralkar Manali P. , Emami Armaun J. , Cunningham Hailey C. , Tjandra Priscilla M. , Pathak Suraj , Langer Henning T. , Baar Keith , Christiansen Blaine A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFracture induces systemic bone loss in mice and humans, and a first (index) fracture increases the risk of future fracture at any skeletal site more in men than women. The etiology of this sex difference is unknown, but fracture may induces a greater systemic bone loss response in men. Also sex differences in systemic muscle loss after fracture have not been examined. We investigated sex differences in systemic bone and muscle loss after transverse femur fracture in 3‐month‐old male and female C57BL/6 J mice. Whole‐body and regional bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD), trabecular and cortical bone microstructure, muscle contractile force, muscle mass, and muscle fiber size were quantified at multiple time points postfracture. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) were measured 1‐day postfracture. One day postfracture, IL‐6 and Il‐1B were elevated in fracture mice of both sexes, but TNF‐α was only elevated in male fracture mice. Fracture reduced BMC, BMD, and trabecular bone microstructural properties in both sexes 2 weeks postfracture, but declines were greater in males. Muscle contractile force, mass, and fiber size decreased primarily in the fractured limb at 2 weeks postfracture and females showed a trend toward greater muscle loss. Bone and muscle properties recovered by 6 weeks postfracture. Overall, postfracture systemic bone loss is greater in men, which may contribute to sex differences in subsequent fracture risk. In both sexes, muscle loss is primarily confined to the injured limb and fracture may induce greater inflammation in males.