bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effect of bilateral anterior elevation of occlusion on the temporomandibular joints
Authors: Zhang Yuejiao , Liu Qian , Xu Xiaojie , Zhou Peng , Zhang Hongyun , Yang Hongxu , Zhang Mian , Zhang Jing , Lu Lei , Liu Jiguang , Wang Meiqing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveIncisors tubed prosthesis with bilateral anterior elevation (BAE) relation had been reported to stimulate the proliferative response in the mandibular condylar cartilage of mice, thus the prosthetic occlusion elevation had been proposed to treat cartilage degeneration. Currently, we aimed to detect the long‐term effect of BAE on temporomandibular joints (TMJs).Materials and MethodsTwelve 6‐week‐old female mice were assigned to age‐matched control and BAE groups (n = 6). Micro‐CT images and the macro‐ and micro‐morphology of the mandibular condyles were analyzed at 29 weeks.ResultsCompared with the age‐matched controls, in BAE group, there were loss of subchondral cortical bone and heavy loss of the subchondral trabecular bone at the superior sites of the TMJ condyles, but hyperostosis at the inferior sites as revealed by micro‐CT images and histological slices. In BAE group, cartilage thickness and matrix area were increased with upregulated expression of type II, type X collagen, and Ki67, but the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 was downregulated (all, p < 0.05).ConclusionIn addition to cartilage thickening, long‐term BAE induces loss of the subchondral cortical bone and heavy loss of the underneath subchondral trabecular bone, but hyperostosis further underneath. Using BAE as a treatment remains double‐edged.
Methodological aspects of testing brittle materials using the split Hopkinson bar technique
Authors: Bragov Anatoly M. , Igumnov Leonid A. , Konstantinov Aleksandr Y. , Kruszka Leopold , Lamzin Dmitry A. , Lomunov Andrey K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the features of a method for determining the dynamic properties of brittle materials using the split Hopkinson bar technique on mortar as an example. Experiments were conducted both with and without a loading pulse shaper, a deformable copper disc (pad) placed on the impacted end of the input bar. Experimental data from the experiments without the pad were processed with and without dispersion correction based on a direct solution of the Pochhammer–Chree frequency equation of pulses in the measuring bars. There were compared both the deformation graphs and mechanical characteristics of the tested material for three variants of the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments: with and without a loading pulse shaper, and with the dispersion correction procedure for pulses in the measuring bars. The phenomena observed during these experimental schemes and the processing of obtained data are described and discussed; further, the effect of the nature of the load increase is revealed.
HOW VENUS BECAME COOL: SOCIAL AND MORAL DIMENSIONS OF BIOSIGNATURE SCIENCE
Authors: Capper Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA 2020 scientific report indicated the presence of phosphine, a potential biosignature chemical, in the atmosphere of Venus. As a result, Venus instantly became a global cultural celebrity. How did Venus become so fashionable, so cool in colloquial language, so quickly? I contend that Venus became the center of attention at least temporarily because Venus became moral. Since life at present is a concept that is as much moral as it is scientific, I explain this point by offering a geographically broad sampling of world philosophies that show that secular and religious Western forms of thought strongly value life over nonlife as do many Asian traditions. These cultural valuations of life over nonlife become infused in human psychologies globally and astonish us at the discovery of extraterrestrial life. This essay's substantial culture sample thereby demonstrates that Venus became revered because of deep‐seated but also widespread attitudes of special moral attendance to the presence of life especially in extraterrestrial settings.
Design of an Intent Recognition System for Dynamic, Rapid Motions in Unstructured Environments
Authors: Moolchandani Pooja R. , Mazumdar Anirban , Young Aaron J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, we developed an offline, hierarchical intent recognition system for inferring the timing and direction of motion intent of a human operator when operating in an unstructured environment. There has been an increasing demand for robot agents to assist in these dynamic, rapid motions that are constantly evolving and require quick, accurate estimation of a user’s direction of travel. An experiment was conducted in a motion capture space with six subjects performing threat evasion in eight directions, and their mechanical and neuromuscular signals were recorded for use in our intent recognition system (XGBoost). Investigated against current, analytical methods, our system demonstrated superior performance with quicker direction of travel estimation occurring 140 ms earlier in the movement and a 11.6 deg reduction of error. The results showed that we could also predict the start of the movement 100 ms prior to the actual, thus allowing any physical systems to start up. Our direction estimation had an optimal performance of 8.8 deg, or 2.4% of the 360 deg range of travel, using three-axis kinetic data. The performance of other sensors and their combinations indicate that there are additional possibilities to obtain low estimation error. These findings are promising as they can be used to inform the design of a wearable robot aimed at assisting users in dynamic motions, while in environments with oncoming threats.
Acid and Alkali Pretreatment Effects on CO2-Assisted Gasification of Pinewood
Authors: Li Jinhu , Burra Kiran G. , Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xuan , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Biomass gasification in CO2 is a promising thermochemical pathway to assist with growing issues of CO2 in the environment. However, high reaction temperature requirement and the low reaction rate is limiting its development. To resolve these issues, the effect of acid and alkali pretreatment on the pyrolysis and CO2 gasification of pinewood was examined using a semi-batch reactor. The temporal behavior of syngas components, energy, and their yield, and energy efficiency was quantified. Results showed that the decreased alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) content using acid pretreatment was beneficial for the CO and syngas yield, while the effect of the increased AAEM content using alkali pretreatment provided a converse trend. In contrast, CO2-assisted gasification of alkali-pretreated biomass improved the CO and syngas yield due to the catalytic influence of AAEM on the Boudouard reaction, while the acid-washed biomass yielded the lowest syngas yield. During gasification, the syngas yield, energy yield, and overall energy efficiency were enhanced by 83.4 (by wt%), 44.6 (by wt%), and 44.6%, respectively, using alkali pretreatment. The results revealed that alkali pretreatment is an effective catalytic incorporation pathway to improve the syngas, energy output, and reactivity to CO2 gasification.
Comparative Study of Different Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Configurations From Energetic and Exergetic Points of View: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Abd El-Hamid M. , Wei Gaosheng , Sherin M. , Cui Liu , Du Xiaoze 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
At present, only 20 percent of the incident solar radiation on the photovoltaic module is converted into electricity with the remaining dissipated as heat. The heat accumulation on the photovoltaic modules affects the electricity conversion efficiency. The photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system is considered to be one of the most promising technologies, which is proficient in producing both electrical and thermal energies. In this paper, four different PV/T configurations are numerically investigated by considering different air cooling and glazing methods. A three-dimensional numerical model is validated with both the numerical and experimental results available in the previous literatures. The performance for a typical day in August under the ambient conditions of Beijing, China, is evaluated from the energetic and exergetic points of view. The results show that the thermal, electrical, energy, and exergy efficiencies are significantly higher for the double-pass configurations than those for the single pass with air gap configurations. For the double-pass single-glazed PV/T air collector, the average daily overall energy and exergy efficiencies are 85.06 and 13.92%, respectively. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies are increased by removing the bottom glass cover for both the single pass with air gap configuration and the double-pass configuration. The double-pass single-glazed configuration achieves the highest daily average energetic, exergetic, thermal, and electrical outputs among the proposed configurations. On contrary, the single-pass double glazed with air gap configuration exhibits the lowest thermal and electrical efficiencies.
Job loss and lower healthcare utilisation due to COVID-19 among older adults across 27 European countries
Authors: Ksinan Jiskrova Gabriela , Bobák Martin , Pikhart Hynek , Ksinan Albert J 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundOlder adults are at greater risk for becoming severely ill from COVID-19; however, the impact of the pandemic on their economic activity and non-COVID-19-related healthcare utilisation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19-related unemployment and healthcare utilisation in a sample of older adults across 27 European countries.MethodsWe used data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe COVID-19 Survey, collected between June and August 2020. Participants (n=52 061) reported whether they lost a job, forwent medical treatment and whether their appointment was postponed due to COVID-19. Three-level models were estimated for each outcome to test the effects of individual, household and country-level characteristics.ResultsThe mean prevalence of reported job loss, and forgone and postponed medical care was 19%, 12% and 26%, respectively. Job loss was associated with female sex, lower education and household income, and older age in women. For example, the OR of job loss, comparing primary versus tertiary (college) education, was 1.89 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.26). Forgone and postponed medical care was associated with older age in men, female sex and higher education. At the country level, postponed medical care was associated with more stringent governmental anti-COVID measures.ConclusionJob loss and lower healthcare utilisation for non-COVID-19-related reasons were common among older adults and were associated with several sociodemographic characteristics. Job loss appeared to disproportionally affect already economically vulnerable individuals, raising concerns about the exacerbation of social inequalities.
John the Baptist in Memory, Judaism and Historical Materialism
Authors: Myles Robert J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Joel Marcus’s JBHT argues that John would have seen himself not as forerunner to Jesus but rather that he, and not Jesus, was the proclaimer and inaugurator of God’s apocalyptic kingdom. The historical Baptist, originally part of the Qumran community, broke away from this group due to his belief that he himself was the prophet Elijah and that his own ministry was central to God’s purposes. This article raises three methodological and historiographical questions concerning where Marcus might reconsider and/or expand the results of his study. First, can we really get at John’s self-understanding beyond the subjective memory impressions left in our extant sources? Second, does Marcus’s connection of John to the Qumran community rely on (mis)characterizations of the community as a marginal sect? Third, what social and economic forces prompted John’s ‘individual decision’ to relocate to the wilderness?
Nickel–Cobalt Hydroxides with Tunable Thin-Layer Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Zhang Luomeng , Xia Hui , Liu Shaobo , Zhou Yishan , Zhao Yuefeng , Xie Wenke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLayered double hydroxides as typical supercapacitor electrode materials can exhibit superior energy storage performance if their structures are well regulated. In this work, a simple one-step hydrothermal method is used to prepare diverse nickel–cobalt layered double hydroxides (NiCo-LDHs), in which the different contents of urea are used to regulate the different nanostructures of NiCo-LDHs. The results show that the decrease in urea content can effectively improve the dispersibility, adjust the thickness and optimize the internal pore structures of NiCo-LDHs, thereby enhancing their capacitance performance. When the content of urea is reduced from 0.03 to 0.0075 g under a fixed precursor materials mass ratio of nickel (0.06 g) to cobalt (0.02 g) of 3:1, the prepared sample NiCo-LDH-1 exhibits the thickness of 1.62 nm, and the clear thin-layer nanosheet structures and a large number of surface pores are formed, which is beneficial to the transmission of ions into the electrode material. After being prepared as a supercapacitor electrode, the NiCo-LDH-1 displays an ultra-high specific capacitance of 3982.5 F g−1 under the current density of 1 A g−1 and high capacitance retention above 93.6% after 1000 cycles of charging and discharging at a high current density of 10 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo-LDH-1 is proved by assembling two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor with carbon spheres, displaying the specific capacitance of 95 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with the capacitance retention of 78% over 1000 cycles. The current work offers a facile way to control the nanostructure of NiCo-LDHs, confirms the important affection of urea on enhancing capacitive performance for supercapacitor electrode and provides the high possibility for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
PlncRNA-HDeep: plant long noncoding RNA prediction using hybrid deep learning based on two encoding styles
Authors: Meng Jun , Kang Qiang , Chang Zheng , Luan Yushi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in regulating biological activities and their prediction is significant for exploring biological processes. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) can automatically extract and learn the abstract information from the encoded RNA sequences to avoid complex feature engineering. An ensemble model learns the information from multiple perspectives and shows better performance than a single model. It is feasible and interesting that the RNA sequence is considered as sentence and image to train LSTM and CNN respectively, and then the trained models are hybridized to predict lncRNAs. Up to present, there are various predictors for lncRNAs, but few of them are proposed for plant. A reliable and powerful predictor for plant lncRNAs is necessary.

Results
To boost the performance of predicting lncRNAs, this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning model based on two encoding styles (PlncRNA-HDeep), which does not require prior knowledge and only uses RNA sequences to train the models for predicting plant lncRNAs. It not only learns the diversified information from RNA sequences encoded by p-nucleotide and one-hot encodings, but also takes advantages of lncRNA-LSTM proposed in our previous study and CNN. The parameters are adjusted and three hybrid strategies are tested to maximize its performance. Experiment results show that PlncRNA-HDeep is more effective than lncRNA-LSTM and CNN and obtains 97.9% sensitivity, 95.1% precision, 96.5% accuracy and 96.5% F1 score on Zea mays dataset which are better than those of several shallow machine learning methods (support vector machine, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, naive Bayes and logistic regression) and some existing tools (CNCI, PLEK, CPC2, LncADeep and lncRNAnet).

Conclusions
PlncRNA-HDeep is feasible and obtains the credible predictive results. It may also provide valuable references for other related research.
CancerSiamese: one-shot learning for predicting primary and metastatic tumor types unseen during model training
Authors: Mostavi Milad , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Yidong , Huang Yufei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The state-of-the-art deep learning based cancer type prediction can only predict cancer types whose samples are available during the training where the sample size is commonly large. In this paper, we consider how to utilize the existing training samples to predict cancer types unseen during the training. We hypothesize the existence of a set of type-agnostic expression representations that define the similarity/dissimilarity between samples of the same/different types and propose a novel one-shot learning model called CancerSiamese to learn this common representation. CancerSiamese accepts a pair of query and support samples (gene expression profiles) and learns the representation of similar or dissimilar cancer types through two parallel convolutional neural networks joined by a similarity function.

Results
We trained CancerSiamese for cancer type prediction for primary and metastatic tumors using samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and MET500. Network transfer learning was utilized to facilitate the training of the CancerSiamese models. CancerSiamese was tested for different N-way predictions and yielded an average accuracy improvement of 8% and 4% over the benchmark 1-Nearest Neighbor (1-NN) classifier for primary and metastatic tumors, respectively. Moreover, we applied the guided gradient saliency map and feature selection to CancerSiamese to examine 100 and 200 top marker-gene candidates for the prediction of primary and metastatic cancers, respectively. Functional analysis of these marker genes revealed several cancer related functions between primary and metastatic tumors.

Conclusion
This work demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of predicting unseen cancer types whose samples are limited. Thus, it could inspire new and ingenious applications of one-shot and few-shot learning solutions for improving cancer diagnosis, prognostic, and our understanding of cancer.
Feasibility of point-of-care cardiac ultrasound performed by clinicians at health centers in Tanzania
Authors: Kimambo Delilah , Kennedy Samuel , Kifai Engerasiya , Kailembo Neema , Eichberg Christie , Markosky Sarah , Shah Ishan , Powers Eric , Zwerner Peter , Dorman Susan E. , Janabi Mohamed , Bayer Richard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Point-of-care cardiac ultrasound (cardiac POCUS) has potential to become a useful tool for improving cardiovascular care in Tanzania. We conducted a pilot program to train clinicians at peripheral health centers to obtain and interpret focused cardiac POCUS examinations using a hand-held portable device.

Methods
Over a 5-day period, didactic and experiential methods were used to train clinicians to conduct a pre-specified scanning protocol and recognize key pathologies. Pre- and post-training knowledge and post-training image acquisition competency were assessed. In their usual clinical practices, trainees then scanned patients with cardiovascular signs/symptoms, recorded a pre-specified set of images for each scan, and documented their interpretation as to presence or absence of key pathologies on a case report form. A cardiologist subsequently reviewed all images, graded them for image quality, and then documented their interpretation of key pathologies in a blinded fashion; the cardiologist interpretation was considered the gold standard.

Results
8 trainees (6 Clinical Officers, 1 Assistant Medical Officer, and 1 Medical Doctor) initiated and completed the training. Trainees subsequently performed a total of 429 cardiac POCUS examinations in their clinical practices over a 9 week period. Stratified by trainee, the median percent of images that were of sufficient quality to be interpretable was 76.7% (range 18.0–94.2%). For five of eight trainees, 75% or more of images were interpretable. For detection of pre-specified key pathologies, kappa statistics for agreement between trainee and cardiologist ranged from − 0.03 (no agreement) for detection of pericardial effusion to 0.42 (moderate agreement) for detection of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Mean kappa values across the key pathologies varied by trainee from 0 (no agreement) to 0.32 (fair agreement).

Conclusions
The 5-day training program was sufficient to train most clinicians to obtain basic cardiac images but not to accurately interpret them. Proficiency in image interpretation may require a more intensive training program.
Effect of short-term smoking & L-arginine on coronary endothelial function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance cold pressor testing: a pilot study
Authors: Weng Andreas M. , Köstler Herbert , Bley Thorsten A. , Ritter Christian O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The effect of smoking on coronary vasomotion has been investigated in the past with various imaging techniques in both short- and long-term smokers. Additionally, coronary vasomotion has been shown to be normalized in long-term smokers by L-Arginine acting as a substrate for NO synthase, revealing the coronary endothelium as the major site of abnormal vasomotor response. Aim of the prospective cohort study was to investigate coronary vasomotion of young healthy short-term smokers via magnetic resonance cold pressor test with and without the administration of L-Arginine and compare obtained results with the ones from nonsmokers.

Methods
Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified with first-pass perfusion MRI on a 1.5 T scanner in healthy short-term smokers (N = 10, age: 25.0 ± 2.8 years, 5.0 ± 2.9 pack years) and nonsmokers (N = 10, age: 34.3 ± 13.6) both at rest and during cold pressor test (CPT). Smokers underwent an additional examination after administration of L-Arginine within a median of 7 days of the naïve examination.

Results
MBF at rest turned out to be 0.77 ± 0.30 (smokers with no L-Arginine; mean ± standard deviation), 0.66 ± 0.21 (smokers L-Arginine) and 0.84 ± 0.08 (nonsmokers). Values under CPT were 1.21 ± 0.42 (smokers no L-Arginine), 1.09 ± 0.35 (smokers L-Arginine) and 1.63 ± 0.33 (nonsmokers). In all groups, MBF was significantly increased under CPT compared to the corresponding rest examination (p < 0.05 in all cases). Additionally, MBF under CPT was significantly different between the smokers and the nonsmokers (p = 0.002). MBF at rest was significantly different between the smokers when L-Arginine was given and the nonsmokers (p = 0.035).

Conclusion
Short-term smokers showed a reduced response to cold both with and without the administration of L-Arginine. However, absolute MBF values under CPT were lower compared to nonsmokers independently of L-Arginine administration.