bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faking Orgasm: Relationship to Orgasmic Problems and Relationship Type in Heterosexual Women
Authors: Hevesi Krisztina , Horvath Zsolt , Sal Dorottya , Miklos Eszter , Rowland David L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Although faking orgasm among women appears quite common, the roles of orgasmic problems and relationship type in partnered sex and masturbation have not been fully explored.

Aim
We assessed the relationship between orgasmic problems (separately in partnered sex and masturbation) and faking orgasm across various types of relationships while also considering the role of demographic and sexual function related covariates.

Methods
In this study of 1,168 Hungarian women, we assessed orgasmic problems, sexual functioning, and the prevalence and frequency of faking orgasm in 3 relationship types: romantic relationships, one-night stands, and continuing sexual relationships of more than one night.

Main Outcome Measure
Differences in faking orgasm across 3 types of relationships; the association between faking orgasm in 1 type of relationship with faking orgasm in other types of relationships; and the relationship of “orgasmic problems” in partnered sex and masturbation to the presence and frequency of faking orgasm in various relationship types.

Results
A subset of women who faked orgasm in 1 relationship type were more likely to fake orgasm in other relationship types. Orgasmic problems predicted the occurrence and frequency of faking orgasm in all 3 relationship types, though to different degrees. Other factors, including orgasmic difficulty during masturbation, the frequencies of masturbation and partnered sex, and the self-rated importance of sex were also related to the frequency of faking orgasm.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that faking orgasm has both dispositional and situational elements. “Orgasmic problems” in partnered sex was a consistent and robust predictor of the occurrence and frequency of faking orgasm in different relationship types.
Aerodynamic study of single corrugated variable-camber morphing aerofoil concept
Authors: Dhileep K. , Kumar D. , Gautham Vigneswar P.N. , Soni P. , Ghosh S. , Ali S. Faruque , Arockiarajan A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCamber morphing is an effective way to control the lift generated by any aerofoil and potentially improve the range (as measured by the lift-to-drag ratio) and endurance (as measured by
$C_l^{3/2}/C_d$
). This can be especially useful for fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) undergoing different flying manoeuvres and flight phases. This work investigates the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA0012 aerofoil morphed using a Single Corrugated Variable-Camber (SCVC) morphing approach. Structural analysis and morphed shapes are obtained based on small-deformation beam theory using chain calculations and validated using finite-element software. The aerofoil is then reconstructed from the camber line using a Radial Basis Function (RBF)-based interpolation method (J.H.S. Fincham and M.I. Friswell, “Aerodynamic optimisation of a camber morphing aerofoil,” Aerosp. Sci. Technol., 2015). The aerodynamic analysis is done by employing two different finite-volume solvers (OpenFOAM and ANSYS-Fluent) and a panel method code (XFoil). Results reveal that the aerodynamic coefficients predicted by the two finite-volume solvers using a fully turbulent flow assumption are similar but differ from those predicted by XFoil. The aerodynamic efficiency and endurance factor of morphed aerofoils indicate that morphing is beneficial at moderate to high lift requirements. Further, the optimal morphing angle increases with an increase in the required lift. Finally, it is observed for a fixed angle-of-attack that an optimum morphing angle exists for which the aerodynamic efficiency becomes maximum.
Networked capital: indirect investment and BIT formation
Authors: Tomashevskiy Andrey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhy do states participate in bilateral investment treaties (BITs)? In this article, I examine the role of indirect investment on BIT formation. Indirect investment flows are an important aspect of the global investment regime that are underexamined by research focused on direct flows only. Indirect flows play an important role in affecting incentives for BIT participation because firms channel investment through intermediary destinations to take advantage of existing BITs. I argue that governments are more likely to participate in BITs when states expect to access groups of capital exporting states through second order links. When selecting BIT partners, states evaluate expected indirect foreign direct investment (FDI) flows by considering characteristics of a potential partner's second order FDI partners. States are thus more likely to participate in BITs when expectations for indirect flows are high. I use a variety of analyses to demonstrate evidence in favor of my hypotheses. I find evidence that indirect flows affect the likelihood of BIT formation and increase dyadic FDI flows. This research provides a novel explanation for BIT formation and contributes to research on indirect capital flows, treaty shopping and BIT formation.
#SorryNotSorry: Why states neither confirm nor deny responsibility for cyber operations
Authors: Brown Joseph M. , Fazal Tanisha M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStates accused of perpetrating cyber operations typically do not confirm or deny responsibility. They issue ‘non-denial denials’ or refuse to comment on the accusations. These ambiguous signals are prevalent, but they are largely ignored in the existing cyber literature, which tends to treat credit claiming as a binary choice. The ambiguity of non-denial denials and ‘non-comments’ allows states to accomplish two seemingly opposed goals: maintaining crisis stability and leaving open the possibility of their involvement in the attack. By deliberately remaining a suspect, a state can manipulate rivals’ perceptions of its cyber capability and resolve. Refusing to deny responsibility can also shape rivals’ perceptions of allies’ capabilities, enhancing the credibility of deterrence. All of this can be accomplished without the escalatory risks that would come with an explicit admission of responsibility. Where previous research has focused on the dangers of escalation and the limitations of costly signalling with cyber, we show that non-denial denials and non-comments make cyber operations considerably more useful than the literature appreciates.
Chemical design of onion-like carbon-silicon diimide polymer composites
Authors: Wang Kaili , Mera Gabriela 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel class of polymer composites based on onion-like carbons (OLCs)-silicon diimide by a salt-free polycondensation reaction. The pyridine-catalyzed polymerization reaction was carried out in the presence of various contents (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) of carboxyl-functionalized OLCs in argon atmosphere to provide composites with well-dispersed and covalently incorporated 0D nanocarbons throughout the 3D matrix of silicon diimide polymer. A strong dependency of the optical properties (UV absorbance and the photoluminescence spectra) on the content of functionalized OLCs incorporated within the polymer matrix was observed. The novel polymer composites are suitable precursors for the design of advanced and multifunctional 0D-nanocarbon–containing Si3N4-based ceramic nanocomposites.
Revision of Ordovician chitinozoan Lagenochitina esthonica sensu lato: morphometrics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
Authors: Liang Yan , Nõlvak Jaak , Xu Honghe , Chen Yansen , Hints Olle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLagenochitina esthonica is a globally distributed chitinozoan in Early to Middle Ordovician rocks. It is regarded as an index species for the early Floian in North America and has a stratigraphically constrained range in other regions. Lagenochitina esthonica is distinguished from other chitinozoans by a distinct flexure, a nearly rounded-square chamber, and a cylindrical neck with a flaring collar. However, since the first description of the species in the 1950s, it has included two varieties: a relatively short form with a test length ~400 μm, and a slender form usually longer than 600 μm. In order to revise the taxonomy of the L. esthonica group, we carried out a statistical morphometric study of a large collection of well-preserved specimens from the Baltic region where the taxon was first established. Additionally, the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of both forms was analyzed based on available occurrence data. The results show that the short form occurs in the upper Tremadocian to lower Dapingian, whereas the slender form is mostly reported from the lower and middle Darriwilian. Both forms are identified on Baltica; the short form has also been reported from Laurentia and South China, whereas the other is known also from Avalonia and Gondwana. The morphological distinction, together with differences in stratigraphic and spatial ranges, suggest that the two forms represent separate species: the original stout L. esthonica, based on the morphology of the holotype, and the slender L. megaesthonica n. sp., described herein. The updated taxonomy enhances the stratigraphic and biogeographic usefulness of lagenochitinids globally.UUID: http://zoobank.org/ec49166e-2a8d-4941-8723-f023853c5a7e.
Occurrence and aetiology of subclinical mastitis in water buffalo in Bangladesh
Authors: Singha Shuvo , Ericsson Carl David , Chowdhury Salma , Nath Sanjib Chandra , Paul Ovirup Bhushan , Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Boqvist Sofia , Persson Ylva , Rahman Md. Mizanur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSubclinical mastitis(SCM) in water buffalo is a production disease associated with decreased milk yield and impaired milk quality and safety. Water buffalo is an important livestock species in Bangladesh, but information about the occurrence and aetiology of SCM in this species is scarce. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Udder Health Bangladesh Programme to (i) determine the occurrence of SCM and bulk milk somatic cell count (SCC) in water buffalo in Bangladesh, (ii) identify pathogens causing SCM and (iii) evaluate penicillin resistance in isolated staphylococci strains. Sixteen buffalo farms in the Bagerhat and Noakhali regions of Bangladesh were selected for study and a bulk milk sample was collected from each farm. In addition, 299 udder quarter milk samples were collected from 76 animals. The bulk milk samples were assessed by direct SCC and the quarter milk samples by California mastitis test (CMT). The occurrence of SCM calculated at quarter and animal level was 42.5 and 81.6%, respectively. Milk samples from 108 CMT-positive quarters in 48 animals and 38 randomly selected CMT-negative quarters in 24 animals were investigated using bacteriological culture. Estimated mean bulk milk SCC was 195 000 cells/ml milk (range 47 000– 587 000 cells/ml milk). On culture, estimated quarter-level intramammary infection (IMI) was 40.4%. The identity of isolated bacteria was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) were the most common pathogens (24.7%) and, among 36 NAS tested, 36.1% were resistant to penicillin. Thus there was high occurrence of SCM on the study farms, with relatively high penicillin resistance in NAS. Further studies are needed to identify underlying risk factors and develop an udder health control strategy for water buffalo in Bangladesh.
Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia are associated with oculomotor endophenotypes
Authors: Coors Annabell , Imtiaz Mohammed-Aslam , Boenniger Meta M. , Aziz N. Ahmad , Breteler Monique M. B. , Ettinger Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder with substantial heritability. The use of endophenotypes may help clarify its aetiology. Measures from the smooth pursuit and antisaccade eye movement tasks have been identified as endophenotypes for schizophrenia in twin and family studies. However, the genetic basis of the overlap between schizophrenia and these oculomotor markers is largely unknown. Here, we tested whether schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) were associated with oculomotor performance in the general population.MethodsAnalyses were based on the data of 2956 participants (aged 30–95) of the Rhineland Study, a community-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Genotyping was performed on Omni-2.5 exome arrays. Using summary statistics from a recent meta-analysis based on the two largest schizophrenia genome-wide association studies to date, we quantified genetic risk for schizophrenia by creating PRS at different p value thresholds for genetic markers. We examined associations between PRS and oculomotor performance using multivariable regression models.ResultsHigher PRS were associated with higher antisaccade error rate and latency, and lower antisaccade amplitude gain. PRS showed inconsistent patterns of association with smooth pursuit velocity gain and were not associated with saccade rate during smooth pursuit or performance on a prosaccade control task.ConclusionsThere is an overlap between genetic determinants of schizophrenia and oculomotor endophenotypes. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms that underlie schizophrenia also affect oculomotor function in the general population.
Servants of Francophilia: French Migrant Women as Governesses in the Bohemian Lands, between Cultural Transmission and Reproduction of Social Distinction (1750–1810)
Authors: Čapská Veronika 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article shows empirical and conceptual possibilities of exploring the transcultural roles and economic situations of French migrant women who served as governesses in the noble circles of the Habsburg monarchy. It combines various research methods, employing narrative textual analysis, socioeconomic and material culture approaches, and cultural exchange perspectives. The author uses printed librettos and comparative insights to reveal broader social anxieties connected with governesses who crossed multiple borders in terms of geography, culture, language, class, and the gender order. She also draws attention to inheritance tax–related sources as evidence of these women's economic conditions. Finally, the author outlines the major shifts in attitudes toward the French language and French immigrants and shows how these affected the governesses’ labor market.
Very preterm birth and trajectories of domain-specific self-concept from childhood into adulthood
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Mendonça Marina , Bartmann Peter , Wolke Dieter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelf-concept refers to individuals’ perceptions of themselves in specific domains and is closely related with their overall self-esteem. Lower self-esteem has been reported in those born preterm (<37 weeks gestation), but the development of self-concept has not been studied in this population. This study investigates whether differences in trajectories of domain-specific self-concepts are explained by premature birth or other risk factors, using the Bavarian Longitudinal Study (N = 460), a population-based study of very preterm (VP; <32 weeks gestation)/very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) cohort and term-born controls. Trajectories of body and social self-concept from 6 to 26 years of age were estimated using latent class growth analysis. Regression models examined the effects of VP/VLBW and other individual, social, and family factors. Two trajectories – one stable and one decreasing – were identified for both self-concepts. VP/VLBW birth was associated with decreasing self-concept in both domains, although the effect of VP/VLBW on social self-concept was weakened in the adjusted analysis. Furthermore, mediated pathways were found from VP/VLBW to decreasing social self-concept via chronic bullying (β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.002, 0.12]) and motor impairments (β = 0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.07]), suggesting that negative self-concept in the VP/VLBW population is partially modifiable through improving peer relationships and motor impairments in childhood.
A systematic review of the use of dietary self-monitoring in behavioural weight loss interventions: delivery, intensity and effectiveness
Authors: Raber Margaret , Liao Yue , Rara Anne , Schembre Susan M , Krause Kate J , Strong Larkin , Daniel-MacDougall Carrie , Basen-Engquist Karen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To identify dietary self-monitoring implementation strategies in behavioural weight loss interventions.Design:We conducted a systematic review of eight databases and examined fifty-nine weight loss intervention studies targeting adults with overweight/obesity that used dietary self-monitoring.Setting:NA.Participants:NA.Results:We identified self-monitoring implementation characteristics, effectiveness of interventions in supporting weight loss and examined weight loss outcomes among higher and lower intensity dietary self-monitoring protocols. Included studies utilised diverse self-monitoring formats (paper, website, mobile app, phone) and intensity levels (recording all intake or only certain aspects of diet). We found the majority of studies using high- and low-intensity self-monitoring strategies demonstrated statistically significant weight loss in intervention groups compared with control groups.Conclusions:Based on our findings, lower and higher intensity dietary self-monitoring may support weight loss, but variability in adherence measures and limited analysis of weight loss relative to self-monitoring usage limits our understanding of how these methods compare with each other.
Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary pattern and rheumatoid arthritis in Iranian adults
Authors: Ghaseminasabparizi Maryam , Nazarinia Mohammad Ali , Akhlaghi Masoumeh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the hypothesis that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are less likely than healthy individuals to adhere to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern.Design:A multi-centre cross-sectional study involving a total of 300 eligible Iranian adults (aged >19 years; 93·0 % female) recruited during 2019–2020. Participants’ actual dietary intakes were measured via self-administered 3-d dietary records. The DASH score was computed based on the energy-adjusted intakes of eight major dietary components usually emphasised (i.e. fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, low-fat dairy products and whole grains) or minimised (i.e. sweets, red or processed meats and sodium) in the DASH diet. The higher the DASH score of subjects, the greater their adherence to the DASH pattern.Setting:The outpatient clinics of major general hospitals in Shiraz, Iran.Participants:100 incident cases with definite RA according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for RA and 200 apparently healthy controls frequency-matched by gender and age.Results:After adjusting for several potential covariates in the binary logistic regression analysis, RA cases were less likely than controls to have high adherence to the DASH pattern (OR = 0·08; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·20; P = 0·001).Conclusions:Our findings in a sample of Iranian adults revealed that RA patients are less likely than healthy individuals to adhere to the DASH dietary pattern. However, the potential causal association of greater adherence to the DASH pattern and lower risk of RA needs to be confirmed by prospective studies of high methodological quality.
Recognizing spiritual injury in cancer: A case study
Authors: Goldberg Jessica I. , Andersen Laurie J. , Bowden Jill , Nelson Judith E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpiritual distress is a common symptom among patients with cancer. Spiritual injury (SI), a type of spiritual distress, occurs when there is a breakdown in the relationship between the individual and their higher power. Patients who experience spiritual injury may have poor health outcomes.MethodsA case report of a woman with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer who had experienced a SI.ResultsThe palliative care team, in collaboration with the palliative care chaplain, was able to recognize that the patient had experienced a SI. They were able to help the patient to process and reflect upon this experience and ultimately treat her suffering.Significance of resultsAll palliative care providers should assess their patients’ spiritual health and monitor for the existence of SI.
Determinants of Planktonic Foraminifera Calcite Flux: Implications for the Prediction of Intra‐ and Inter‐Annual Pelagic Carbonate Budgets
Authors: Kiss P. , Jonkers L. , Hudáčková N. , Reuter R. T. , Donner B. , Fischer G. , Kucera M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlanktonic foraminifera precipitate calcite shells, which after the death of the organisms are exported to the seafloor. Globally, the resulting calcite flux constitutes up to half of the pelagic calcite flux. Given their importance for the marine calcite budget and for the carbonate counter pump, which counteracts the biological pump in terms of oceanic capacity for CO2 uptake, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms regulating the planktonic foraminifera calcite flux. In principle, variability in individual species calcite flux could be caused by changes in (a) shell flux, (b) shell size, and (c) calcification intensity. Where size and calcification intensity differ among species, variations can be caused by changes in species composition. To assess the importance of these factors in regulating the planktonic foraminifera calcite flux, we investigated two sediment trap time series from the Cape Blanc upwelling area. On intra‐annual timescales, 82% of the variability in the calcite flux can be explained by shell flux alone. Since the intra‐annual flux variability at the study site covers the global range of mean annual shell fluxes, our results indicate that a global prediction of steady‐state planktonic foraminifera calcite flux can be predicted by shell flux variability in combination with species‐specific average shell mass. However, our results show that on inter‐annual timescales, shell mass variability can be as important as shell flux variability. Therefore, this implies that in order to predict temporal changes in the planktonic foraminifera calcite flux variability in shell size and calcification intensity also require considered.
Tsunami Source of the 2021 MW 8.1 Raoul Island Earthquake From DART and Tide‐Gauge Data Inversion
Authors: Romano F. , Gusman A. R. , Power W. , Piatanesi A. , Volpe M. , Scala A. , Lorito S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe tsunami source of the 2021 MW 8.1 Raoul Island earthquake in the Kermadec subduction zone was estimated by inverting the tsunami signals recorded by Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) bottom pressure sensors and coastal tide‐gauges. The main asperity of up to 5 m of slip is located northeastward from the hypocenter, with features compatible with the aftershock distribution and rapid back‐projection analysis. Three earthquakes of MW ∼8 or larger which also produced moderate tsunamis happened in the 20th century in the same portion of the subduction zone. This is the first great tsunamigenic event captured by the new New Zealand DART network in the South West Pacific, which proved valuable to estimate a robust image of the tsunami source. We also show a first proof of concept of the capability of this network to reduce the uncertainty associated with tsunami forecasting and to increase the lead time available for evacuation for future alerts.