bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wealth accumulation by hypogamy in own and parental education in China
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhou Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines how household wealth accumulation varies by different types of hypogamy on the basis of couples' own and parental education.BackgroundEducational hypogamy (wives having more education than their husbands) is increasingly relevant in many societies, given the reversal of the gender gap in education. Prior research has studied how marital sorting on couples' own education shapes their individual earnings trajectories. Few have examined the implications of marital sorting on parental education for family‐level economic well‐being.MethodUsing data from the 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies and multilevel growth curve models, this study examined how household wealth trajectories over years of marriage differ by types of hypogamy. Hypogamy in the child generation (wives having more education), hypogamy in the parent generation (wives having more parental education), and hypogamy in both generations (wives having more own and parental education) were compared to hypogamy in neither generation (wives having neither more own nor parental education).ResultsHypogamy in either the child or the parent generation accumulated more total wealth and housing wealth than hypogamy in neither generation. Hypogamy in both generations experienced the fastest gains in total wealth.ConclusionHypogamy on the basis of couples' own or parental education is associated with more household wealth and faster wealth accumulation over years of marriage.ImplicationsThis study sheds light on the long‐term implications of hypogamy based on the education of two generations for wealth stratification.
Parent and Child Perceptions of Barriers to Active School Commuting
Authors: Pfledderer Christopher D. , Burns Ryan D. , Byun Wonwoo , Carson Russell L. , Welk Gregory J. , Brusseau Timothy A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDActive commuting (AC) to and from school can contribute to physical activity, although it has recently seen a global decline. The purpose of this study was to examine the agreement between parent and child perceptions of barriers to school AC.METHODSParticipants were parents (N = 152, Mage = 40.6 ± 6.3 years) and elementary school children (N = 98, Mage = 10.0 ± 1.2 years). School commute type/frequency and barriers to AC were collected via surveys. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess relative agreement between parent and child perceptions (N = 98 dyads). Paired t tests and equivalence testing were employed to assess group‐level agreement. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to assess individual‐level agreement. Partial correlations of AC with perceptions were also assessed.RESULTSAll parent and child perceptions of barriers to AC to school had low agreement. Bland‐Altman Plots indicated negative bias for all but 3 barrier perceptions. Paired t tests indicated significant differences between parent and child perceptions for 8 out of 15 barriers while equivalence testing deemed no parent‐child perception equivalent. Partial correlations with AC frequency were significant for 7 parent perceptions and 2 child perceptions.CONCLUSIONSParent and child perceptions have low agreement. Programs aimed at promoting AC to and from school should account for these discrepancies.
Macro‐ and micro‐scale adaptations allow distinct Stylophora pistillata‐symbiodiniaceae holobionts to optimize performance across a broad light habitat
Authors: Kaniewska Paulina , Sampayo Eugenia M. 
Published: October 2021

In sessile organisms, phenotypic plasticity represents an important strategy for dealing with environmental variability. Here we test if phenotypic plasticity enables the common coral Stylophora pistillata to occupy a broad niche. We find clear differences in the photo‐physiology of four putative species of photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts associated with the coral S. pistillata, namely, Cladocopium ‘C35a’, ‘C79’, ‘C78a’ and ‘C8a’. Coral phenotypic responses were also tightly linked to symbiont identity. Corals with Cladocopium ‘C8a’ have more “open” macro‐morphology compared to colonies associating with depth‐restricted Cladocopium ‘C35a’ or ‘C78a’ in the same shallow water habitat. Corals with Cladocopium ‘C8a’ had 40 to 60% lower symbiont cell densities compared to other holobionts but were more efficient at acclimating over a range of light levels, with clear mechanisms to dissipate excess light energy. This holobiont contains host‐based green fluorescent pigments, increased concentrations of symbiont‐based mycosporine amino acids, and xanthophyll cycling in high light habitats. Photosynthetic efficiency was also adjusted over the light habitat. In contrast, limited micro‐scale responses were observed between three depth‐restricted symbionts: Cladocopium ‘C79’, ‘C35a’, and ‘C78a’. To optimize light levels reaching the photosynthetic unit, these colonies rely on a more closed macro‐morphology under high light levels, which reduces incident light levels by up to 43%, and higher symbiont densities . Our results show that distinct macro‐ and micro‐scale adaptations lead to functional differences between four distinct S. pistillata holobionts, allowing them to co‐exist by filling specific niches on a small, but environmentally diverse, spatial scale.Key index words: Light, Symbiodiniaceae, coral, pigments, Stylophora pistillata, ITS2, phenotypic plasticity, niche diversification.
IL10 promoter rs6667202 polymorphism is functional in health but not in grade c periodontitis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Stolf Camila S. , Sacramento Catharina M. , Paz Hélvis E. S. , Machado Renato A. , Ramos Lucas P. , de Oliveira Luciane D. , Cogo‐Müller Karina , Santamaria Mauro P. , Ruiz Karina G. S. , Casarin Renato C. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivePrevious studies have demonstrated an association between the IL10 promoter rs6667202 (C > A) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and grade C, stage 3 or 4 periodontitis (Perio4C) in the Brazilian population, where the altered A allele was detected more frequently in these patients. However, no functional analysis of this variation has yet been performed. Thus, the objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the functionality of rs6667202 in gingival fibroblasts (GFs) of individuals with Perio4C and with periodontal health (PH) stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetencomitans protein extract (AaPE).MethodsPatients with PH and Perio4C were segregated according to their genotype (AA, AC, or CC), and a biopsy was performed to establish the culture of the GFs. After GFs exposure to AaPE at 5 µg/ml for 1.5 h, RNA was extracted to analyze IL10 expression by qPCR. Aliquots of the cell's supernatant were subjected to immunoenzymatic analysis (MAGpix) to detect interleukin‐10 (IL‐10).ResultsIn PH, the genotypes AA and AC are related to less expression of IL10 (p = 0.027 and p < 0.0001) and less production of IL‐10 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001), when compared to CC. In Perio4C, there was no statistical difference between the genotypes (p > 0.05), although a lower IL‐10 expression and release compared with PH CC was seen (p = 0.033 and p < 0.001).ConclusionThe rs6667202 SNP is functional in PH, as it decreases the expression and production of IL‐10. In Perio4C, other factors may be masking its action by altering the IL‐10's response.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography to detect hepatic and splenic lymphomatous infiltration in dogs and cats
Authors: Sumping J. C. , Maddox T. W. , Killick D. , Mortier J. R. 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in the detection of lymphomatous infiltration of the liver and spleen in a population of dogs and cats with lymphoma. To determine if specific ultrasonographic features of the liver and spleen in dogs are associated with lymphomatous infiltration or a specific immunophenotype of multi‐centric lymphoma.Materials and MethodsA blinded retrospective evaluation of ultrasonographic images of the liver and/or spleen in dogs and cats with cytologically or histologically confirmed lymphoma was performed by two board‐certified veterinary radiologists.ResultsA total of 161 animals met the inclusion criteria, comprising 132 dogs and 29 cats. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 16.7%, 91.0%, 55.9%, 62.5% and 55.0% for the detection of lymphomatous infiltration of the liver, and 73.1%, 93.9%, 82.6%, 93.4% and 74.7% for the spleen. In dogs, an ultrasonographically normal liver was associated with not having lymphomatous infiltration, leopard‐spotted splenic parenchyma and splenomegaly were independently associated with lymphomatous infiltration and leopard‐spotted splenic parenchyma was also associated with the B cell immunophenotype of multi‐centric lymphoma.Clinical SignificanceUltrasonography of the spleen and liver is specific but not sensitive in the detection of lymphomatous infiltration. A leopard‐spotted splenic parenchyma in dogs is highly specific for lymphomatous infiltration and in this population predicted a specific immunophenotype of multi‐centric lymphoma.
Opportunities and Limitations of Mobile Neuroimaging Technologies in Educational Neuroscience
Authors: Janssen Tieme W.P. , Grammer Jennie K. , Bleichner Martin G. , Bulgarelli Chiara , Davidesco Ido , Dikker Suzanne , Jasińska Kaja K. , Siugzdaite Roma , Vassena Eliana , Vatakis Argiro , Zion‐Golumbic Elana , van Atteveldt Nienke 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAs the field of educational neuroscience continues to grow, questions have emerged regarding the ecological validity and applicability of this research to educational practice. Recent advances in mobile neuroimaging technologies have made it possible to conduct neuroscientific studies directly in naturalistic learning environments. We propose that embedding mobile neuroimaging research in a cycle (Matusz, Dikker, Huth, & Perrodin, 2019), involving lab‐based, seminaturalistic, and fully naturalistic experiments, is well suited for addressing educational questions. With this review, we take a cautious approach, by discussing the valuable insights that can be gained from mobile neuroimaging technology, including electroencephalography and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy, as well as the challenges posed by bringing neuroscientific methods into the classroom. Research paradigms used alongside mobile neuroimaging technology vary considerably. To illustrate this point, studies are discussed with increasingly naturalistic designs. We conclude with several ethical considerations that should be taken into account in this unique area of research.
Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and the prevention and treatment of childhood acute malnutrition: A systematic review
Authors: Patlán‐Hernández Alan R. , Stobaugh Heather C. , Cumming Oliver , Angioletti Andrea , Pantchova Danka , Lapègue Jean , Stern Stéphanie , N'Diaye Dieynaba S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUndernutrition is more prevalent among children living in unsanitary environments with inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Despite good evidence for the effect of WASH on multiple infectious diseases, evidence for the effect of WASH interventions on childhood undernutrition is less well established, particularly for acute malnutrition. To assess the effectiveness of WASH interventions in preventing and treating acute childhood malnutrition, we performed electronic searches to identify relevant studies published between 1 January 2000 and 13 May 2019. We included studies assessing the effect of WASH on prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We included 26 articles of 599 identified references with a total of 43,083 participants. Twenty‐five studies reported on the effect of WASH on prevention, and two studies reported its effect on treatment of acute malnutrition. Current evidence does not show consistent associations of WASH conditions and interventions with prevention of acute malnutrition or with the improvement of its treatment outcomes. Only two high‐quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated that improved water quality during severe acute malnutrition treatment improved recovery outcomes but did not prevent relapse. Many of the interventions consisted of a package of WASH services, making impossible to attribute the effect to one specific component. This highlights the need for high‐quality, rigorous intervention studies assessing the effects of WASH interventions specifically designed to prevent acute malnutrition or improve its treatment.
The Fadeout of the Pax Americana in the Middle East
Authors: Freeman Chas W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor two centuries, external great powers and their rivalries dominated and manipulated the Middle East. Eventually, the United States emerged as the main regulator of its affairs. Now the interests and interactions of countries within the region itself are the primary drivers of trends and events there. America's primacy in the Middle East is withering as it responds to domestic frustration with failed military interventions in West Asia, shifts its attention to East Asia, competes with the region in global oil and gas markets, and loses the confidence of the region's major actors in its willingness to protect them. A complex new geopolitical geometry is emerging among countries in a region no longer constrained by deference to external powers.
Fission yeast RNA‐binding proteins Puf2 and Puf4 are involved in repression of ferrireductase Frp1 expression in response to iron
Authors: Beaudoin Jude , Normant Vincent , Brault Ariane , Henry Darren J. , Bachand François , Massé Éric , Chua Gordon , Labbé Simon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study identifies a post‐transcriptional mechanism of iron uptake regulation by Puf2 and Puf4 of the Pumilio and FBF (Puf) family of RNA‐binding proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Cells expressing Puf2 and Puf4 stimulate decay of the frp1+ mRNA encoding a key enzyme of the reductive iron uptake pathway. Results consistently showed that frp1+ mRNA is stabilized in puf2Δ puf4Δ mutant cells under iron‐replete conditions. As a result, puf2Δ puf4Δ cells exhibit an increased sensitivity to iron accompanied by enhanced ferrireductase activity. A pool of GFP‐frp1+ 3′UTR RNAs was generated using a reporter gene containing the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of frp1+ that was under the control of a regulatable promoter. Results showed that Puf2 and Puf4 accelerate the destabilization of mRNAs containing the frp1+ 3′UTR which harbors two Pumilio response elements (PREs). Binding studies revealed that the PUM‐homology RNA‐binding domain of Puf2 and Puf4 expressed in Escherichia coli specifically interacts with PREs in the frp1+ 3′UTR. Using RNA immunoprecipitation in combination with reverse transcription qPCR assays, results showed that Puf2 and Puf4 interact preferentially with frp1+ mRNA under basal and iron‐replete conditions, thereby contributing to inhibit Frp1 production and protecting cells against toxic levels of iron.
Measuring thirst distress of patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Flim Marleen , Hofhuis José , Spronk Peter , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThirst is one of the most intense and distressing symptoms experienced by patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and no validated measurement tools exist. Validating a thirst measurement tool for the ICU population could be a first step in gaining a better understanding of thirst in ICU patients and aid the development and implementation of strategies regarding the prevention and control of thirst.AimThe objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the “Thirst distress scale for patients with heart failure (TDS‐HF)” in measuring thirst distress in adult ICU patients.MethodsContent validity was established by an expert panel consisting of ICU nurses, intensivists and five ICU patients. Concurrent validity, known‐groups validity and internal consistency were determined in a consecutive sample of 56 awake and oriented ICU patients with a median age of 70 years (IQR: 57‐74).ResultsContent validity of the TDS‐HF in the ICU population was low, with item‐content validity indexes between 0.25 and 0.75. Concurrent validity was high as Spearman's correlation between TDS‐HF and the numeric rating score (0‐10) for thirst distress was 0.71. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.78). When comparing groups, only higher blood urea nitrogen was significantly related to higher scores on the TDS‐HF (P = .003).ConclusionThe TDS‐HF has high concurrent validity and reliability in measuring thirst distress in ICU patients. Nevertheless, questions remain regarding the applicability and content validity of the scale, which should be further explored before the TDS‐HF can be used in the ICU.Relevance for clinical practiceThe TDS‐HF can be used to explore thirst distress and to evaluate interventions. Individual items of the scale can be used to explore the nature of thirst distress in individual patients.
ATP‐binding cassette transporters in nonmodel plants
Authors: Banasiak Joanna , Jasiński Michał 
Published: October 2021

SummaryKnowledge about plant ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins is of great value for sustainable agriculture, economic yield, and the generation of high‐quality products, especially under unfavorable growth conditions. We have learned much about ABC proteins in model organisms, notably Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the importance of research dedicated to these transporters extends far beyond Arabidopsis biology. Recent progress in genomic and transcriptomic approaches for nonmodel and noncanonical model plants allows us to look at ABC transporters from a wider perspective and consider chemodiversity and functionally driven adaptation as distinctive mechanisms during their evolution. Here, by considering several representatives from agriculturally important families and recent progress in functional characterization of nonArabidopsis ABC proteins, we aim to bring attention to understanding the evolutionary background, distribution among lineages and possible mechanisms underlying the adaptation of this versatile transport system for plant needs. Increasing the knowledge of ABC proteins in nonmodel plants will facilitate breeding and development of new varieties based on, for example, genetic variations of endogenous genes and/or genome editing, representing an alternative to transgenic approaches.
EZH2‐mediated SLC7A11 upregulation via miR‐125b‐5p represses ferroptosis of TSCC
Authors: Yu Yue , MohamedAl‐Sharani Hesham , Zhang Bin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common carcinomas in oral cancer with a high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death involved in various diseases including cancers. Additionally, Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is significantly associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients but its role in TSCC is unclear.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we tried to investigate the possible mechanism of EZH2 involved in the ferroptosis of TSCC. Expression of EZH2 and SLC7A11 was determined by RT‐qPCR. CCK‐8 assays were performed to quantify the cell death rate of TSCC cells. Malondialdehyde (MDA) assays were performed to quantify the lipid accumulation. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression level of SLC7A11. We used dual‐luciferase reporter assays to determine the association between EZH2 and miR‐125b‐5p promoter, and miR‐125b‐5p and the SLC7A11 3’ untranslated region (UTR).ResultOverexpression of EZH2 and SLC7A11 inhibits erastin‐induced ferroptosis in TSCC cells. MiR‐125b‐5p regulates ferroptosis in TSCC cells by targeting SLC7A11. EZH2 inhibits the ferroptosis of TSCC cells by inhibiting miR‐125b‐5p and enhancing SLC7A11.ConclusionEZH2 inhibits erastin‐induced ferroptosis in TSCC cells via miR‐125b‐5p/SLC7A11 axis.
The effect of oxygen concentration on atelectasis formation during induction of general anesthesia in children: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Hyun Il , Min Ji Young , Lee Jeong‐Rim , Kwan Woong Choi , Cho Matthew R. , Byon Hyo‐Jin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn adults, the use of lower oxygen concentration during induction is associated with less atelectasis formation without an increase in incidence of hypoxia. However, it is unknown whether this remains true in the pediatric patients.MethodsFifty‐four pediatric patients who were scheduled to undergo elective lower abdominal surgery were randomized to one of three oxygenation groups: 100%, 80%, or 60% oxygen (in air). During anesthesia induction, patients were ventilated with sevoflurane in 100%, 80%, or 60% oxygen. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were performed. Atelectasis was diagnosed using LUS, which was performed after anesthetic induction and at the end of surgery.ResultsWe assessed atelectasis after anesthetic induction and at the end of surgery. After anesthetic induction, the number of atelectatic lung regions was significantly different among the three groups (median [IQR], 2.0 [1.0–2.5], 2.0 [1.0–2.8], and 3.0 [2.0–3.0] in the 60%, 80%, and 100% oxygen groups, p = .033) and between the 60% and 100% groups (p = .015), but not between 80% and 100% groups (p = .074). However, no differences in the number of atelectatic lung regions were found among the three groups at the end of surgery (2.0 [1.3–3.8], 3.0 [1.8–3.0], and 4.0 [2.0–4.0] in the 60%, 80%, and 100% oxygen groups; p = .169).ConclusionLower oxygen concentration during anesthetic induction is associated with less atelectasis formation immediately after anesthetic induction in children. In addition, applying 80% oxygen instead of 100% oxygen is not enough to prevent atelectasis formation, and 60% oxygen should be applied to prevent atelectasis. However, this effect does not last until the end of surgery.
Malcolm on Memory
Authors: Mounce H. O. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMalcolm argues that memory takes a variety of forms and that philosophers go astray because they attempt to reduce this variety to a single form. We may grant that memory takes a variety of forms. It does not follow that these forms are of equal philosophical significance. In telling you my name, I do not have to recall it. I have repeated it innumerable times. If asked again, I simply repeat it once again. This is what Bergson called “habit memory”. But Proust, in tasting a madeleine cake, did recall the past. His childhood returned vividly to his mind. But since his experience was in the present and his childhood was in the past, how could the one be an experience of the other? Here, it seems, we do have a philosophical problem.