bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and daily life of adults with behavioral health disorders
Authors: Jonikas Jessica A , Cook Judith A , Swarbrick Margaret , Nemec Patricia , Steigman Pamela J , Boss Katherine A , Brice George H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
People with behavioral health disorders may be particularly vulnerable to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet little is known about how they are faring. A mixed-methods, anonymous needs assessment was conducted to understand changes in the lives of adults with mental health and substance use disorders since the pandemic onset. A cross-sectional, online survey was completed by 272 adults in April and May 2020, recruited from statewide networks of community programs in New Jersey and New York. Measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 to screen for depressive and anxiety disorders. Also assessed was the pandemic’s impact on sleep and dietary patterns, exposure to COVID-19 infection, and access to health care and medications. Finally, respondents were asked to describe in their own words any changes in their lives since the pandemic began. Over one-third (35.1%) screened positive for generalized anxiety disorder and over one-quarter (29.6%) screened positive for major depressive disorder. The majority reported pandemic-related changes in eating and sleeping patterns and exposure to COVID-19 infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that many changes attributed to the pandemic were positively and significantly associated with screening positive for anxiety and depressive disorders. Qualitative analysis confirmed these findings and identified participants’ resilience stemming from social support, emotion management, and self-care. These results can inform the design of services that assist this population to bolster self-management skills and reestablish daily habits to improve their lives during and following the pandemic.
Benchmark Concentrations for Untargeted Metabolomics Versus Transcriptomics for Liver Injury Compounds in In Vitro Liver Models
Authors: Crizer David M , Ramaiahgari Sreenivasa C , Ferguson Stephen S , Rice Julie R , Dunlap Paul E , Sipes Nisha S , Auerbach Scott S , Merrick Bruce Alex , DeVito Michael J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interpretation of untargeted metabolomics data from both in vivo and physiologically relevant in vitro model systems continues to be a significant challenge for toxicology research. Potency-based modeling of toxicological responses has served as a pillar of interpretive context and translation of testing data. In this study, we leverage the resolving power of concentration-response modeling through benchmark concentration (BMC) analysis to interpret untargeted metabolomics data from differentiated cultures of HepaRG cells exposed to a panel of reference compounds and integrate data in a potency-aligned framework with matched transcriptomic data. For this work, we characterized biological responses to classical human liver injury compounds and comparator compounds, known to not cause liver injury in humans, at 10 exposure concentrations in spent culture media by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The analyte features observed (with limited metabolites identified) were analyzed using BMC modeling to derive compound-induced points of departure. The results revealed liver injury compounds produced concentration-related increases in metabolomic response compared to those rarely associated with liver injury (ie, sucrose, potassium chloride). Moreover, the distributions of altered metabolomic features were largely comparable with those observed using high throughput transcriptomics, which were further extended to investigate the potential for in vitro observed biological responses to be observed in humans with exposures at therapeutic doses. These results demonstrate the utility of BMC modeling of untargeted metabolomics data as a sensitive and quantitative indicator of human liver injury potential.
Triatomine home invasions in active foci of Chagas disease in Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Mota Bruna Daniele Lisboa , Valente Vera da Costa , Ramos Francisco Luzio de Paula , Valente Sebastião Aldo da Silva , Pinto Ana Yecê das Neves 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Chagas disease is a parasitic infection with high re-emergence rates in some Amazon regions. The main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi are haematophagous insects, the triatomines. Only a few reports are available about the occurrence of these wild vectors and their contact with the inhabitants of the riverside regions of the Amazon. This study describes the unusual behaviour of the triatomines that have invaded the homes of the residents of Abaetetuba, the city that has the second highest number of cases of Chagas disease.

Methods
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted using sero-epidemiological surveys of the inhabitants of Abaetetuba with registered triatomine home invasions. The frequencies of the variables of interest were analysed using Epi Info version 7.2.

Results
In 2014 and 2017, 145 persons registered home invasions of triatomines in their domiciles and 16.55% reported having been bitten by insects. The environmental features described indicated potential conditions for the persistence of the parasite's life cycle. Of the enrolled inhabitants, 0.47% were positive for immunoglobulin G anti-T. cruzi antibodies.

Conclusions
Home invasions of triatomines were confirmed in two periods, with a description of unusual behaviour for the genus Rhodnius. The use of serological surveillance in human populations at risk of this occurrence may constitute a new tool for the early detection of silent infections.
Impact of SDH Mutations in Alternaria solani on Recently Developed SDHI Fungicides Adepidyn and Solatenol
Authors: Budde-Rodriguez Sarah , Celoy Rhodesia M. , Mallik Ipsita , Pasche Julie S. , Gudmestad Neil C. 
Published: March 2021

Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is observed annually in all midwestern potato production areas. The use of foliar fungicides remains a primary management strategy. However, A. solani has developed reduced sensitivity or resistance to many single-site fungicides such as quinone outside inhibitor (QoI, FRAC group 11), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI, FRAC group 7), demethylation inhibitor (DMI, FRAC group 3), and anilinopyrimidine (AP, FRAC group 9) fungicides. Boscalid, fluopyram, solatenol, and adepidyn are EPA-registered SDHI fungicides used commercially on a variety of crops, including potato. Five SDH mutations have been characterized previously in A. solani that affect the efficacy of boscalid while only one of these mutations has been demonstrated to negatively affect fluopyram efficacy. Conidial germination assays were used to determine if a shift in sensitivity has occurred in these SDHI fungicides. A. solani isolates collected prior to the commercial application of SDHI fungicides (baseline) were compared with recently collected isolates (nonbaseline). Greenhouse evaluations were conducted also to evaluate the efficacy of boscalid, fluopyram, solatenol, and adepidyn on A. solani isolates possessing individual SDH mutations. Additionally, field trials were conducted to determine the effects of application of these SDHI fungicides on the frequency of SDH mutations. Fluopyram, solatenol, and adepidyn had high intrinsic activity against A. solani when compared with boscalid, based on in vitro assays. The application of adepidyn and solatenol resulted in greater early blight control than the application of boscalid and fluopyram in greenhouse experiments. Molecular characterization of A. solani isolates collected from the field trials determined that the frequency of the H134R-mutation can increase in response to more recently developed SDHI fungicides. In contrast, the H278R/Y- and H133R-mutations decreased to the point of being nearly absent in these field experiments.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Bone Culture Versus Biopsy in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
Authors: Tardáguila-García Aroa , Sanz-Corbalán Irene , García-Morales Esther , García-Álvarez Yolanda , Molines-Barroso Raúl J. , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare the diagnostic accuracy of bone culture (microbiology) and biopsy (histology) in patients with acute or chronic diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).

METHODS
This cross-sectional study involved patients for whom providers had a clinical suspicion of DFO. Two bone samples were taken: one for microbiologic testing and another for histologic testing. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were calculated for bone culture results in relation to the probability of DFO diagnosis.

RESULTS
Fifty-two patients were included; 69% had positive bone culture results, and 90.4% had positive histology results (P = .013), and of those 90.4%, 25.5% had acute and 74.5% had chronic DFO. The sensitivity of the microbiologic bone culture result was 0.70, the specificity was 0.40, the positive predictive value was 0.92, and the negative predictive value was 0.13.

CONCLUSIONS
Histology provides more accurate diagnosis of DFO than microbiology, especially for patients with chronic DFO. These patients could be underdiagnosed because of false-negative results provided by bone culture. Providers should perform both tests to confirm the presence of DFO.
Does UV Light as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatment Improve Healing and Reduce Infection in Wounds? A Systematic Review
Authors: Inkaran Jeyanth , Tenn Adam , Martyniuk Amanda , Farrokhyar Forough , Cenic Aleksa 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effect of UV light on wound healing and infection in patients with skin ulcers or surgical incisions. Outcomes of interest included healing time, wound size and appearance, bacterial burden, and infection.

DATA SOURCES
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science

STUDY SELECTION
Comparative and noncomparative clinical studies were considered, including observational cohort, retrospective, and randomized controlled studies. They addressed the research question: “Does the use of UV light as an adjunct to conventional treatment help improve healing and reduce infection in wounds?” Selection criteria included any English language study in adults who used UV light to improve wound healing and prevent or treat wound infection.

DATA EXTRACTION
Authors extracted information pertaining to patient demographics, treatment protocols, and the following wound outcomes: appearance, healing time, infection, and bacterial burden.

DATA SYNTHESIS
The search yielded 30,986 articles, and screening resulted in 11 studies that underwent final analysis. Of these (N = 27,833), seven (64%) demonstrated an improvement in healing outcomes with adjunctive UV therapy, and the results of four (36%) achieved statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS
There is limited research on the utility of adjunctive UV therapy to improve wound healing outcomes in humans. The majority of literature included in this review supported improved wound healing outcomes with adjuvant UV therapy. Future well-designed randomized controlled trials will be essential in further determining the benefit and utility of UV therapy in wound healing.
Suicide detection and treatment in a nurse-led, interprofessional primary care practice
Authors: Ketel Christian , Hedges Jordan P. , Smith Jenna P. , Hopkins Leslie W. , Pfieffer Mary Lauren , Kyle Erin , Raman Rameela , Pilon Bonita 
Published: March 2021

Abstract:
Analysis of 2 years of quality improvement data after the implementation of a suicidality screening and treatment protocol in a primary care setting found that among 1,733 patients, 149 had suicidal ideation. Among the 112 of those patients who remained in care, more than half presented with only nonpsychiatric complaints. Primary care practices may be viable tools to combat the nation's suicide epidemic.
The Implementation of Protocol-Based Utilization of Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Using Clinical Variables in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients
Authors: Hadique Sarah , Badami Varun , Forte Michael , Kovacic Nicole , Umer Amna , Shigle Amanda , Gardo Jordan , Sangani Rahul 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
The recent conflicting data on the mortality benefit of neuromuscular blocking agents in acute respiratory distress syndrome and the potential adverse effects of continuous neuromuscular blocking agent necessitates that these medications should be used judiciously with dose reduction in mind. The aims of the study were to improve the process of care by provider education of neuromuscular blocking agent titration and monitoring and to determine the impact of clinical endpoint based neuromuscular blocking agent titration protocol.

Design:
We conducted a proof-of-concept historically controlled study of protocol-based intervention standardizing paralytic monitoring and titration using clinical variables. Education of the protocol was provided to ICU staff via bedside teaching and workshops. The primary outcomes were the time to reach goal paralysis and cumulative neuromuscular blocking agent dose. Secondary outcomes included maintenance of deeper sedation (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale –5) prior to neuromuscular blocking agent initiation, total time on mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and mortality.

Setting:
Medical ICU at a quaternary academic hospital between March 2019 and June 2020.

Patients:
Adult severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (Pao
2/Fio
2 <150) patients requiring neuromuscular blocking agent for greater than or equal to 12 hours. Eighty-two patients fulfilled inclusion criteria, 46 in the control group and 36 in the intervention group.

Interventions:
Education and implementation of standardized protocol.

Measurements and Main Results:
Compared with the control group, the time to reach goal paralysis in the intervention group was shorter (8.55 ± 9.4 vs 2.63 ± 5.9 hr; p < 0.0001) on significantly lower dose of cisatracurium (total dose 1,897.96 ± 1,241.0 vs 562.72 ± 546.7 mg; p < 0.0001 and the rate 5.84 ± 2.66 vs 1.99 ± 0.95 µg/kg/min; p < 0.0001). Deeper sedation was achieved at the time of initiation of neuromuscular blocking agent in the intervention arm (mean Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale –3.3 ± 1.9 vs –4.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in total time on mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and mortality between the two groups.

Conclusions:
Implementation of comprehensive education, standardization of sedation prior to neuromuscular blocking agent initiation, integration of clinical variables in determining paralysis achievement, and proper use of peripheral nerve stimulation served as optimal strategies for the titration and monitoring of neuromuscular blocking agent in acute respiratory distress syndrome. This reduced drug utilization while continuing to achieve benefit without causing adverse effects.
A 16-week concurrent exercise program improves emotional well-being and emotional distress in middle-aged women: the FLAMENCO project randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aparicio Virginia A. , Flor-Alemany Marta , Marín-Jiménez Nuria , Coll-Risco Irene , Aranda Pilar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective:
To analyze the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise program on emotional well-being and emotional distress in middle-aged women.

Methods:
This randomized controlled trial included 150 middle-aged women recruited for the FLAMENCO project. Participants were allocated into counseling (n = 75) or exercise (n = 75) groups. The counseling group attended conferences on healthy lifestyle (including diet and physical activity topics). The exercise group followed a 60-min concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training 3 days/wk for 16 weeks. Emotional health was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in two diverse timeframes, state (PANAS-S) and trait (PANAS-T) ranging from 10 to 50, where higher scores reflect greater affective emotional health/experience (positive affect subscale) and greater emotional distress (negative affect subscale). The differences between the counseling and exercise groups in PANAS were analyzed by linear regression.

Results:
The total number of women for the per-protocol analyses was 111 divided into the counseling (n = 53) and exercise (n = 58) groups. After adjusting for body mass index and Mediterranean diet adherence, PANAS-S and PANAS-T-positive affect scores increased by 3.81 and 3.02, respectively, in the exercise group whereas they decreased by 0.15 and increased by 0.51 in the counseling group (both, P < 0.05). PANAS-T negative affect decreased by 4.10 in the exercise group whereas only decreased by 0.9 in the counseling group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
A 16-week concurrent exercise program improved emotional experience in middle-aged women. Specifically, women in the exercise group significantly improved their emotional well-being and emotional distress through greater changes in positive affect and negative affect compared with the counseling group.
The factor structure and subscale properties of the pain catastrophizing scale: are there differences in the distinctions?
Authors: Cook Karon F. , Mackey Sean , Jung Corinne , Darnall Beth D. 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Increasingly, studies have documented the negative impact of pain catastrophizing on health outcomes. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) has been the measure of choice for many of these studies. The PCS provides 3 subscales for measuring pain catastrophizing: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Factor analytic investigations of these factors have been limited by the sample size and relevance, and results have been inconsistent. No study has directly estimated the added value of subscale scoring of the PCS compared with scoring it as a single measure.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensionality of PCS responses in a sample of patients with chronic pain (N = 8370).

Methods:
Data were randomly halved, and results were cross-validated. Both traditional factor analysis and traditional factor analyses were conducted.

Results:
Findings based on common factor analyses and on bifactor analyses supported the essential unidimensionality of PCS responses. In the bifactor analyses, the general factor accounted for 96% of the explained common variance in the modeling sample. After extracting the general factor, helplessness, magnification, and rumination subscales accounted for 7.0%, 0.0%, and 15%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results do not necessarily disconfirm helplessness, magnification, and rumination as clinically meaningful theoretical distinctions. However, the PCS (at least as presently constructed) fails to discriminate these distinctions. Joint efforts in theory and measurement science could illuminate the role that posited “kinds” of pain catastrophizing play in individuals' pain experiences.
A structural property for reduction of biochemical networks
Authors: Küken Anika , Wendering Philipp , Langary Damoun , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLarge-scale biochemical models are of increasing sizes due to the consideration of interacting organisms and tissues. Model reduction approaches that preserve the flux phenotypes can simplify the analysis and predictions of steady-state metabolic phenotypes. However, existing approaches either restrict functionality of reduced models or do not lead to significant decreases in the number of modelled metabolites. Here, we introduce an approach for model reduction based on the structural property of balancing of complexes that preserves the steady-state fluxes supported by the network and can be efficiently determined at genome scale. Using two large-scale mass-action kinetic models ofEscherichia coli, we show that our approach results in a substantial reduction of 99% of metabolites. Applications to genome-scale metabolic models across kingdoms of life result in up to 55% and 85% reduction in the number of metabolites when arbitrary and mass-action kinetics is assumed, respectively. We also show that predictions of the specific growth rate from the reduced models match those based on the original models. Since steady-state flux phenotypes from the original model are preserved in the reduced, the approach paves the way for analysing other metabolic phenotypes in large-scale biochemical networks.
Optimizing forest canopy structure retrieval from smartphone-based hemispherical photography
Authors: Díaz Gastón Mauro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemispherical photography (HP) is a long-standing tool for forest canopy characterization. Currently, there are low-cost fisheye lenses to convert smartphones into highly portable HP equipment (smartphone-based HP, hereafter SHP). However, there is an obstacle to having a close-to-ideal method for citizen science and large-scale or opportunistic sampling: the known sensitivity of HP to illumination conditions. The purpose of this paper is to test a ready-to-use approach based on previous research, and to contribute to quantifying the errors associated with choosing SHP in non-recommended light conditions over well-established HP practices.In 30 locations distributed in broadleaf and coniferous woodlands, a total of 1080 photographs were taken with two smartphone models, manipulating the exposure, and under varied sky conditions. After image binarization, accurate reference data was employed to evaluate the reliability of extracting canopy parameters from SHP.The proposed methodology can reliably quantify canopy openness (RMSE ~ 0.04) and plant area index (RMSE ~ 10%), suggesting that SHP, when used following the recommendations from the present study, allows the retrieval of unbiased canopy metrics independently of sky conditions and forest type.
Longitudinal allometry of sulcal morphology in health and schizophrenia
Authors: Janssen Joost , Alloza Clara , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Santonja Javier , Pina-Camacho Laura , Gordaliza Pedro M. , Fernández-Pena Alberto , Lois Noemi González , Buimer Elizabeth E.L. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Cahn Wiepke , Vieta Eduardo , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Bernardo Miquel , Parellada Mara , Arango Celso , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Schnack Hugo G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScaling between subcomponents of cortical folding and total brain volume (TBV) in healthy individuals (HI) is allometric, i.e. non-linear. It is unclear whether this is also true in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) or first-episode psychosis (FEP). The current study first confirmed normative allometric scaling norms in HI using discovery and replication samples. Cross-sectional and longitudinal diagnostic differences in folding subcomponents were then assessed using an allometric analytic framework.Structural imaging from a longitudinal (sample 1: HI and SZ, nHI Baseline= 298, nSZ Baseline= 169, nHI Follow-up= 293, nSZ Follow-up= 168, a total of 1087 images, all individuals ≥ 2 images, age 16-69 years) and a cross-sectional sample (sample 2: nHI= 61 and nFEP= 89, age 10-30 years) is leveraged to calculate global folding and its nested subcomponents: sulcation index (SI, total sulcal/cortical hull area) and determinants of sulcal area; sulcal length and sulcal depth.Scaling of the SI, sulcal area, and sulcal length with TBV in SZ and FEP was allometric and did not differ from HI. Longitudinal age trajectories demonstrated steeper loss of SI and sulcal area through adulthood in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis revealed that both annual change in SI and sulcal area was significantly stronger related to change in TBV in SZ compared to HI.Our results detail the first evidence of the disproportionate contribution of changes in SI and sulcal area to TBV changes in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis of sulcal morphology provides deeper insight into lifespan trajectories of cortical folding in SZ.