bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the polygyny and intimate partner violence connection: The role of religion and wife's rank in Nigeria
Authors: Owoo Nkechi S. , Agadjanian Victor , M. Chama‐Chiliba Chitalu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study examines the association between polygyny and intimate partner violence (IPV) by focusing on the Muslim‐vs.‐Christian context of polygyny and on co‐wives' rank.BackgroundAlthough prior research points to a higher incidence of IPV in polygynous unions, the association between polygyny and IPV are not well understood. In particular, the role of broader cultural and religious context of marriage and its connection with intra‐marital dynamics have not been examined.MethodThe study uses pooled data on over 42,000 women from the 2008, 2013 and 2018 rounds of the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the association of polygynous versus monogamous status of marriage, of Muslim versus Christian religious affiliation, and of co‐wife rank within polygynous unions in both religions with women's reported experience of physical, emotional, and sexual IPV. Multivariate logit and propensity score models (PSM) are fitted, and the Rosenbaum bounds test is used to gauge the robustness of PSM results.ResultsResults show a clear disadvantage of polygynously married women, compared to monogamously married ones; IPV experience is more common among Christians than Muslims. Among women in polygynous marriages, senior wives are more likely to experience IPV than junior wives, but this difference is more pronounced among Christians. Results of a Rosenbaum bounds analysis indicate that unobserved selectivity does not present a challenge to causality between polygyny/wife rank and IPV, particularly when analyses are disaggregated by religion.ConclusionFindings reflect multi‐dimensional gender inequalities embedded in the institution of polygynous marriage and their harmful consequences for women's health and well‐being.
Serum Lateral Flow assay with digital reader for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: A two‐centre mixed cohort study
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Egger Matthias , Boyer Johannes , Schulz Eduard , Prattes Juergen , Jenks Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDetection of galactomannan (GM) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or serum is broadly used for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA), although the sensitivity of GM from serum is lower in non‐neutropenic patients. We evaluated the Aspergillus galactomannan Lateral Flow assay (LFA) with digital readout from serum in a mixed cohort of patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective two‐centre study evaluating the LFA from serum of patients with clinical suspicion of IA obtained between 2015 and 2021 at the University of California San Diego and the Medical University of Graz. The sensitivity and specificity was calculated for proven/probable aspergillosis versus no aspergillosis. Correlation with same‐sample GM was calculated using Spearman correlation analysis and kappa statistics.ResultsIn total, 122 serum samples from 122 patients were analysed, including proven IA (n = 1), probable IA or coronavirus‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) (n = 27), and no IA/CAPA/non‐classifiable (n = 94). At a 0.5 ODI cut‐off, the sensitivity and specificity of the LFA was 78.6% and 80.5%. Spearman correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between serum LFA ODI and serum GM ODI (ρ 0.459, p < .0001). Kappa was 0.611 when both LFA and GM were used with a 0.5 ODI cut‐off, showing substantial agreement (p < .001).DiscussionThe LFA with digital read out from serum showed good performance for the diagnosis of probable/proven aspergillosis, with substantial agreement to GM from serum. Like the LFA from BALF, the LFA from serum may serve as a more rapid test compared to conventional GM, particularly in settings where GM is not readily available.
A Thomistic Just Rebellion Analysis of the U.S. Capitol Insurrection
Authors: Moats Nathaniel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOn January 6th, 2021 following a ‘Save America’ rally held by President Donald Trump, supporters violently attacked the U.S. Capitol with the aim to stop Congress’ verification of election results certifying President elect Joe Biden. The subsequent press coverage on this tragedy provided a variety of labels for the violence: insurrection, rebellion, riot, protest, etc. To understand what type of act this was, I utilize Thomas Aquinas distinction of ‘sedition’ and ‘rebellion’ as a conceptual model. I argue that the attack on the Capitol was a form of political sedition, which Aquinas held to be an immoral and unjustified attack on proper political authority. In connection with this claim, I discuss Aquinas’ political theory and his criteria of a justified armed rebellion against political tyranny as a way to understand the events at the U.S. Capitol and to help us think clearer about legitimate and illegitimate civilian political violence in the future.
Young people’s experience of online therapy for first‐episode psychosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Valentine Lee , McEnery Carla , O’Sullivan Shaunagh , D’Alfonso Simon , Gleeson John , Bendall Sarah , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand how young people with first‐episode psychosis experienced online therapy on a Moderated Online Social Therapy (MOST) platform known as Horyzons.MethodsSemi‐structured in‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 young people who had previously participated in Horyzons, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a long‐term digital intervention for first‐episode psychosis. Interviews were analysed using a phenomenological approach.ResultsThis study found that the online therapy experience for first‐episode psychosis was idiosyncratic, taking on different meaning for different users. The relatively fixed therapeutic content led to experiences that included on‐demand help‐seeking, positive distraction, revision, generalization and translation, and normalization. We also found that although the experience of online therapy was motivating to some, it was overwhelming for others.ConclusionsThe self‐directed and flexible nature of the Horyzons online therapy gave some young people a sense of welcomed control over their mental health journey, and others felt overwhelmed by the high level of choice. Feeling overwhelmed by the level of choice appeared to interrupt their engagement with the platform, and thus their overall ability to use the intervention meaningfully. We also found that on‐demand help‐seeking and positive distraction were two functions unique to young people through online therapy and may have been related to the significant reduction in the number of overall presentations by young people to emergency departments and a non‐significant trend for lower hospitalizations due to psychosis in the intervention group of the Horyzons RCT.Practitioner points

Young people used online therapy for on‐demand support to help deal with distress.

Young people used online therapy to distract themselves from distress in a positive way.

Some young people valued the flexibility of online therapy, which increased their motivation to engage with it.

Some young people were overwhelmed by the amount of choice available to them via online therapy, which decreased their motivation to engage.
Functional comparison of the WD‐repeat domains of SPA1 and COP1 in suppression of photomorphogenesis
Authors: Kerner Konstantin , Nagano Soshichiro , Lübbe Annika , Hoecker Ute 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Arabidopsis COP1/SPA complex acts as a cullin4‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase to suppress photomorphogenesis in darkness. It is a tetrameric complex of two COP1 and two SPA proteins. Both COP1 and SPA are essential for the activity of this complex, and they both contain a C‐terminal WD‐repeat domain responsible for substrate recruitment and binding of DDB1. Here, we used a WD domain swap‐approach to address the cooperativity of COP1 and SPA proteins. We found that expression of a chimeric COP1 carrying the WD‐repeat domain of SPA1 mostly complemented the cop1‐4‐mutant phenotype in darkness, indicating that the WD repeat of SPA1 can replace the WD repeat of COP1. In the light, SPA1‐WD partially substituted for COP1‐WD. In contrast, expression of a chimeric SPA1 protein carrying the WD repeat of COP1 did not rescue the spa‐mutant phenotype. Together, our findings demonstrate that a SPA1‐type WD repeat is essential for COP1/SPA activity, while a COP1‐type WD is in part dispensible. Moreover, a complex with four SPA1‐WDs is more active than a complex with only two SPA1‐WDs. A homology model of SPA1‐WD based on the crystal structure of COP1‐WD uncovered two insertions and several amino acid substitutions at the predicted substrate‐binding pocket of SPA1‐WD.
Pregnancy rate per cycle is heritable and reduces with cycle in naturally mated tropically adapted beef cows
Authors: Fordyce Geoffry , Williams Paul , Corbet Nicholas J. , Costilla Roy , McGowan Michael R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPregnancy in cattle is the outcome of the complex process of initiation of cycling, fertilization, maternal recognition of pregnancy and foeto‐placental development. Though much is known about initiation of cycling and associated risk factors, there are virtually no data on pregnancy rate per cycle for naturally mated cattle, especially for extensively managed, tropically adapted genotypes, which this study aimed to determine. Tropical composite (Bos indicus and African Sanga crosses with Bos taurus) and Brahman cattle (n = 2,181) of known pedigree in four‐year groups at four sites were mated annually for 84 days. Body condition, ovarian function, pregnancies, calving and lactation were monitored through six full reproductive cycles using 4–8 weekly ultrasound of the reproductive tract outside the calving period and daily monitoring during calving. From this, dates of commencement of cycling and conception in each year were estimated for each animal, enabling calculation of established pregnancy for consecutive 21‐day periods while cycling and of pregnancies within four months of calving while lactating (P4M). Pregnancy per 21‐day period (cycle) during mating for cycling animals averaged 63%, 71%, 41% and 28% in four consecutive cycles. Pregnant per cycle was 2%–11% higher in tropical composites than in Brahmans. The only other consistently significant risk to becoming pregnant was if cycling commenced later than three weeks before mating commenced. P4M averaged 62% and was lower for cows in sub‐optimal body condition and in first‐parity and later‐calving cows. Pregnant per cycle was moderately heritable (~20%), while heritability was moderate to high (33%) for P4M. Selection for pregnant per cycle could be achieved indirectly by selection for P4M, a trait that is readily measured.
An Ensemble Method for Early Prediction of Dengue Outbreak
Authors: Deb Soudeep , Deb Sougata 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Predicting a dengue outbreak well ahead of time is of immense importance to healthcare personnel. In this study, an ensemble method based on three different types of models has been developed. The proposed approach combines negative binomial regression, autoregressive integrated moving average model and generalized linear autoregressive moving average model through a vector autoregressive structure. Lagged values of terrain and climate covariates are used as regressors. Real-life application using data from San Juan and Iquitos shows that the proposed method usually incurs a mean absolute error of less than 10 cases when the predictions are made 8 weeks in advance. Furthermore, using model confidence set procedure, it is also shown that the proposed method always outperforms other candidate models in providing early prediction for a dengue epidemic.
Outcomes and prognostic factors in canine epitheliotropic and nonepitheliotropic cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Azuma Kazushi , Ohmi Aki , Goto‐Koshino Yuko , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Ohno Koichi , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Namba Hiroyuki , Nagata Masahiko , Nagamine Eiji , Nibe Kazumi , Irie Mitsuhiro , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCanine cutaneous lymphoma is an uncommon lymphoma in dogs. Most canine cutaneous lymphoma cases have a T‐cell origin. Canine cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is classified into epitheliotropic and nonepitheliotropic cutaneous lymphomas, and each type of lymphoma is subclassified into several histological subtypes. Limited information is available regarding the prognostic significance of clinical variables and histopathological subtypes in dogs with CTCL. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of clinical variables and histopathological subtypes on the prognosis of dogs with CTCL. Forty‐six dogs diagnosed with CTCL by histopathological examination were included. Histopathological specimens were reexamined and classified into CTCL subtypes. The influence of the type of skin lesion, histopathological subtype, haematological examination results and treatment response on the overall survival time (OS) was examined. Thirty‐one dogs were diagnosed with epitheliotropic CTCL (mycosis fungoides in 28 dogs; pagetoid reticulosis in 3 dogs) and 15 dogs were diagnosed with nonepitheliotropic CTCL (anaplastic large T‐cell lymphoma in 6 dogs; peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, in 9 dogs). The OS of dogs diagnosed with epitheliotropic CTCL (141 days) was significantly shorter than that of dogs diagnosed with nonepitheliotropic CTCL (374 days). As clinical variables, the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in peripheral blood, thrombocytopenia and initial chemotherapeutic response was related to prognosis. Our results demonstrated that histopathological subtype and several clinical variables were found to influence the prognosis of dogs with CTCL.
Prostaglandin EP4 receptor mRNA expression in canine lymphoma
Authors: Musser Margaret L. , Viall Austin K. , Phillips Rachel L. , Fasina Olufemi , Johannes Chad M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCanine lymphoma (LSA) is a diverse, aggressive malignancy initiated by a variety of factors. Understanding those factors could help identify potential treatment options. Chronic inflammation drives lymphoma in human medicine and is suspected to play a role in veterinary medicine. The exact mechanisms, however, have not been elucidated. Upregulation of the cyclooxygenase enzymes, and subsequently prostaglandins, potentially play a stimulatory role. Prostaglandins work through one of four EP receptors (EP1‐EP4) and the effects mediated through EP4R specifically are thought to be the primary drivers of cancer development. In human T‐cell LSA, overexpression of EP4R has been found and appears to protect LSA cells from apoptosis. The role of EP4R in human B‐cell LSA is more nuanced. This study aims to evaluate the mRNA expression of the EP4R gene (ptger4) in canine B‐cell and T‐cell LSA. Archived canine lymph nodes with histologically confirmed B‐cell and T‐cell LSA, and reactive lymph nodes, were evaluated for EP4R mRNA expression using a novel RNA in situ hybridization technique (RNAscope). Quantification of RNAscope signals was completed with an advanced digital pathology image analysis system (HALO). Results were reported as copy number, H‐score, and percent tumour cell expression of EP4R mRNA. All reactive, B‐cell LSA, and T‐cell LSA lymph nodes expressed EP4R mRNA. The mRNA copy number, H‐score, and percent tumour cell expression of EP4R were higher in B‐cell (p < .003) and T‐cell (p < .001) LSA samples compared to reactive lymph node samples. There were no differences between B‐cell LSA and T‐cell LSA.
Challenges and Opportunities in Geometric Modeling of Complex Bio-Inspired Three-Dimensional Objects Designed for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Letov Nikita , Velivela Pavan Tejaswi , Sun Siyuan , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ever since its introduction over five decades ago, geometric solid modeling has been crucial for engineering design purposes and is used in engineering software packages such as computer-aided design (cad), computer-aided manufacturing, computer-aided engineering, etc. Solid models produced by cad software have been used to transfer geometric information from designers to manufacturers. Since the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM), a CAD file can also be directly uploaded to a three-dimensional (3D) printer and used for production. AM techniques allow manufacturing of complex geometric objects such as bio-inspired structures and lattice structures. These structures are shapes inspired by nature and periodical geometric shapes consisting of struts interconnecting in nodes. Both structures have unique properties such as significantly reduced weight. However, geometric modeling of such structures has significant challenges due to the inability of current techniques to handle their geometric complexity. This calls for a novel modeling method that would allow engineers to design complex geometric objects. This survey paper reviews geometric modeling methods of complex structures to support bio-inspired design created for AM which includes discussing reasoning behind bio-inspired design, limitations of current modeling approaches applied to bio-inspired structures, challenges encountered with geometric modeling, and opportunities that these challenges reveal. Based on the review, a need for a novel geometric modeling method for bio-inspired geometries produced by AM is identified. A framework for such a bio-inspired geometric modeling method is proposed as a part of this work.
On the Application of Machine Learning in Savonius Wind Turbine Technology: An Estimation of Turbine Performance Using Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Expression Programming
Authors: Rathod Umang H. , Kulkarni Vinayak , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the application of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic expression programming (GEP), the popular artificial intelligence, and machine learning methods to estimate the Savonius wind rotor’s performance based on different independent design variables. Savonius wind rotor is one of the competent members of the vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) due to its advantageous qualities such as direction independency, design simplicity, ability to perform at low wind speeds, and potent standalone system. The available experimental data on Savonius wind rotor have been used to train the ANN and GEP using matlab r2020b and genexprotools 5.0 software, respectively. The input variables used in ANN and GEP architecture include newly proposed design shape factors, number of blades and stages, gap and overlap lengths, height and diameter of the rotor, freestream velocity, end plate diameter, and tip speed ratio besides the cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel test section. Based on this, the unknown governing function constituted by the aforementioned input variables is established using ANN and GEP to approximate/forecast the rotor performance as an output. The governing equation formulated by ANN is in the form of weights and biases, while GEP provides it in the form of traditional mathematical functions. The trained ANN and GEP are capable to estimate the rotor performance with R2 ≈ 0.97 and R2 ≈ 0.65, respectively, in correlation with the reported experimental rotor performance.
Radiation proctitis-related lumbar spondylodiscitis due toActinomyces odontolyticus: a rare finding
Authors: Marques Pedro Madeira , Quaresma Maria Marta , Haghighi Eduardo , Barata José Augusto 
Published: July 2021

Lumbar spondylodiscitis due to radiation proctitis-related fistula is a rare finding in the literature. After having isolatedActinomyces odontolyticus, a rare finding in the osteomuscular system, we present one of such cases.A 75-year-old patient with a history of rectum adenocarcinoma, submitted to surgery and radiotherapy, presented himself in our emergency department with a 3-month history of lumbar pain radiating to both legs. Physical examination was compatible with cauda equina syndrome and subsequent investigation revealed L4–L5 spondylodiscitis. Despite a 6-month antibiotic therapy regimen, the symptoms recurred. Intravertebral disc biopsy revealedA. odontolyticusand directed antibiotic therapy was started. However, the symptoms recurred after a new 6-month antibiotic therapy regimen, this time with rectal purulent drainage. Additional study revealed two rectal fistulae. It was assumed those were caused by radiation proctitis and constituted the primary cause of spondylodiscitis. Laminectomy was performed with a satisfactory clinical response.
Motixafortide and Pembrolizumab Combined to Nanoliposomal Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Folinic Acid in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: The COMBAT/KEYNOTE-202 Trial
Authors: Bockorny Bruno , Macarulla Teresa , Semenisty Valerya , Borazanci Erkut , Feliu Jaime , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , Abad David Gutierrez , Oberstein Paul , Alistar Angela , Muñoz Andres , Geva Ravit , Guillén-Ponce Carmen , Fernandez Mercedes Salgado , Peled Amnon , Chaney Marya , Gliko-Kabir Irit , Shemesh-Darvish Liron , Ickowicz Debby , Sorani Ella , Kadosh Shaul , Vainstein-Haras Abi , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely unresponsive to checkpoint inhibitors. Blockade of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis increases intratumoral trafficking of activated T cells while restraining immunosuppressive elements. This study evaluates dual blockade of CXCR4 and PD1 with chemotherapy in PDAC.

Patients and Methods:
Multicenter, single-arm, phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of motixafortide and pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in patients with de novo metastatic PDAC and disease progression on front-line gemcitabine-based therapy (NCT02826486). Subjects received a priming phase of motixafortide daily on days 1–5, followed by repeated cycles of motixafortide twice a week; pembrolizumab every 3 weeks; and nanoliposomal irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin every 2 weeks (NAPOLI-1 regimen). The primary objective was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary objectives included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), safety, and tolerability.

Results:
A total of 43 patients were enrolled. The ORR according to RECISTv1.1 was 21.1% with confirmed ORR of 13.2%. The DCR was 63.2% with median duration of clinical benefit of 5.7 months. In the intention-to-treat population, median PFS was 3.8 months and median OS was 6.6 months. The triple combination was safe and well tolerated, with toxicity comparable with the NAPOLI-1 regimen. Notably, the incidence of grade 3 or higher neutropenia and infection was 7%, lower than expected for this chemotherapy regimen.

Conclusions:
Triple combination of motixafortide, pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy was safe and well tolerated, and showed signs of efficacy in a population with poor prognosis and aggressive disease.
Overcoming Intrinsic Resistance of Cancer Cells to CAR T-Cell Killing
Authors: Lemoine Jean , Ruella Marco , Houot Roch 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the past few years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for cancers that failed standard treatments. Such therapies have already been approved in several blood cancers, such as B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Despite this progress, a significant proportion of patients experience primary or secondary resistance to CAR T-cell therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms by which CAR T cells eliminate their target and how cancer cells may be insensitive to such killing (here referred to as intrinsic resistance). Recent studies suggest that the activation of apoptosis through death receptor signaling is responsible for a major part of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity in vivo. Indeed, cancer cells harboring aberrant apoptotic machinery may be insensitive to CAR T-cell killing. This intrinsic resistance of cancer cells to CAR T-cell killing could be responsible for a significant portion of treatment failure. Finally, we discuss strategies that may be envisioned to overcome such resistance to enhance CAR T-cell efficacy.