bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichomoniasis
Authors: Yarlett Nigel , Fiori Pier L 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by
Trichomonas vaginalis
in humans or
Tritrichomonas foetus
in cattle.

Key Concepts

Trichomoniasis is a global sexually transmitted disease with over 170 million new cases diagnosed annually.

Symptoms vary between males and females with the former being mainly asymptomatic while females have a spectrum of symptoms from minor irritation to severe inflammation and discharge.

The infection has been associated with increased susceptibility to acquiring HIV, vaginal carcinoma and aggressive prostate cancer.

Metronidazole (Flagyl®) is the only FDA approved treatment for the disease, however, an increasing number of refractory cases have been reported.

New treatment options are desperately required for this global disease.
Planctomycetia
Authors: Ward Naomi L. , Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Planc.to.my.ce'ti.a. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Planctomycetales
the type order of the class; ‐
ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Planctomycetia
the class of
Planctomycetales
.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia

The class
Planctomycetia
was circumscribed on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. This class accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative bacteria that possess a complex cellular architecture and divide by budding. The class contains four orders, that is,
Planctomycetales, Pirellulales, Gemmatales
, and
Isosphaerales
, which accommodate aerobic and facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotrophs. Members of the class
Planctomycetia
colonize a wide spectrum of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The type order is
Planctomycetales
.
Isosphaera
Authors: Castenholz Richard W. , Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

I.so.sphae'ra. Gr. masc. adj.
isos
equal; L. fem. n.
sphaera
ball or sphere; N.L. fem. n.
Isosphaera
sphere of equal size.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Isosphaerales / Isosphaeraceae / Isosphaera

The genus
Isosphaera
is represented by planctomycetes with spherical cells, 2.0–2.5 μm in diameter, which are assembled in chains of indefinite length, often over 100 cells. Cell division is by budding, intercalary or terminal. No branching occurs. Gas vesicles are usually present in all cells, mostly in one cluster (gas vacuole or “pseudovacuole”). Resting cells are not known. The Gram‐stain is variable. Cells are motile by means of gliding; pili are present, but flagella are absent. Cells are capable of phototaxis on a solid substrate. Members of the genus are strictly aerobic bacteria that grow within the temperature range ∼40–55°C in culture. The optimal pH range is 7.8–8.8. The type and the only currently described species is
Isosphaera pallida
. This genus is a member of the phylum
Planctomycetes
, class
Planctomycetia
, order
Isosphaerales
, and family
Isosphaeraceae
. The main habitats are hot springs.

DNA G + C content
(
mol
%): 62.4 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Isosphaera pallida
Giovannoni et al. 1987b, VL54 (basonyms:
Isocystis pallida
Woronichin 1927 – as a cyanobacterium;
Torulopsidosira pallida
Geitler 1963 – as a yeast).
Tamilnaduibacter
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Das Joyasree , Verma Ashish , Pal Yash , Krishnamurthi Srinivasan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Ta.mil.na.du.i.bac'ter. N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Tamilnaduibacter
a rod from Tamilnadu.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Alteromonadales / Alteromonadaceae / Tamilnaduibacter

The genus
Tamilnaduibacter
is currently classified within the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, family
Alteromonadaceae
and contains a single species,
Tamilnaduibacter salinus
. The genus forms a robust clade along with the genera
Marinobacter
,
Mangrovitalea
, and
Hydrocarboniclastica
in both 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole‐genome sequence‐based trees. Members of this genus are extremely halotolerant with an obligate requirement for NaCl for growth. They are unable to utilize most simple sugars and amino acid substrates as a source of carbon and energy. The characteristic fatty acid pattern shows predominance of C
16:0
and summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and C
16:1
ω6
c
). Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and an unidentified phospholipid (PL) are the core lipids of the genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.5 (genome).

Type species
:
Tamilnaduibacter salinus
Verma et al. 2015
VP
.
Caldisalinibacter
Authors: Spring Stefan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Cal.di.sa.li.ni.bac'ter
.
L. masc. adj.
caldus
hot; N.L. masc. adj.
salinus
saline; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Caldisalinibacter
a thermohalophilic rod.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Tissierellales / Thermohalobacteraceae / Caldisalinibacter

The genus
Caldisalinibacter
accommodates slender rod‐shaped cells from anoxic hypersaline environments and is so far represented by one species and strain. Cells are spore forming, motile by a monotrichous lateral flagellum, and have a Gram‐positive type of cell wall with a thin peptidoglycan layer. Moderately thermohalophilic, strictly anaerobic bacteria with a fermentative metabolism based on sugars as the preferred substrates. Casamino acids are not fermented. Thiosulfate can be reduced to hydrogen sulfide during fermentative growth. Sulfur is not reduced. Yeast extract is required for growth. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and iso‐C
15:0
DMA. The polar lipid composition is dominated by phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unidentified phospholipids and glycolipids. Respiratory lipoquinones or cytochromes are not formed. The only available genome of this genus is of the nomenclatural type
Caldisalinibacter kiritimatiensis
L21‐TH‐D2
T
. It has a size of 2.79 Mb and contains 2,645 protein‐coding genes, 59 RNA genes, and 5 CRISPR regions.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 30.1 (sequence analysis).

Type species
:
Caldisalinibacter kiritimatiensis
Ben Hania et al. 2015, VL164.
Calditrichota
phyl. nov.
Authors: Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A. , Lebedinsky Alexander V. , Kublanov Ilya V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Cal.di.tri.cho'ta. N.L. fem. n.
Caldithrix
the type genus of the phylum; ‐
ota
ending to denote a phylum; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Calditrichota
the phylum of
Caldithix
.

The phylum
Calditrichota
was circumscribed on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of 38 universally conserved single‐copy proteins present in
Bacteria
and
Archaea
. At present, it includes only one class, one order, and one family with two genera of moderately thermophilic, anaerobic organotrophic bacteria, which are capable of nitrate respiration and inhabit submarine hydrothermal environments.
Global phylogeography of the smooth hammerhead shark: Glacial refugia and historical migration patterns
Authors: Lopes da Silva Ferrette Bruno , Coelho Rui , Peddemors Victor Marten , Ovenden Jennifer R. , De Franco Bruno Alexandre , Oliveira Claudio , Foresti Fausto , Mendonça Fernando Fernandes 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Extreme climate changes during the Cenozoic Era strengthened different biogeographical barriers that decreased the connectivity among populations, triggering lineage diversification of different species worldwide.
The mitochondrial DNA control region was employed to explore the phylogeography of Sphyrna zygaena, a globally distributed species threatened by unsustainable, illegal, unreported and unregulated fisheries triggered by the international shark fin trade. It is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN Red List and its trade is regulated by CITES Appendix II.
Only 13 haplotypes were found with low genetic diversity levels (hd = 0.686 ± 0.014; π = 0.00206 ± 0.00004) compared with other species of the Sphyrnidae family. The species has a very strong phylogeographic population structure among the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (ΦST = 0.79132). Worldwide, there are six distinct populations with some haplotype sharing.
These populations are probably connected by a stepping‐stone dispersal of a small number of migrants per generation from the Indo‐Pacific towards the Atlantic. Modelling suggests that S. zygaena diverged into two lineages around 6.96 million years ago which have been isolated in glacial refuges in the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific oceans; and after deglaciation, a population expansion probably permitted secondary contact.
Conservation plans to establish differentiated management units should be adopted in each of the identified populations. Among these, the Eastern Central Atlantic and West Indo‐Pacific are the most important areas for the species considering the historical migration routes that act as a bridge connecting the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific Oceans while the Gulf of Guinea connects the Atlantic populations. Still, further studies are required to know if these populations are also linked with nursery areas for the species.
The results herein can help to delimit the main evolutionarily significant units to implement effective policies to establish differentiated management units as starting points to genetic monitoring programmes for Sphyrna zygaena.
Post‐modified Strategies of Graphdiyne for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Gao Lei , Yang Ze , Li Xiaodong , Huang Changshui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe new carbon material graphdiyne (GDY) has been verified to have a great application prospect in electrochemical field. In order to study its properties and expand its scope of application, various experiments including structural control tests are imposed on GDY. Among them, as one of the most commonly used methods to modify the structure, heteroatom doping is favored for its advantages in synthesis methods and the control of mechanical, electrical and even magnetic properties of carbon materials. According to the published studies, the top‐down methods of doping heteroatoms for GDY only need cheap raw materials, simple synthetic route and strong controllability, which is conducive to rapid performance breakthroughs in electrochemical applications. This review selects the typical cases in the development of that post‐modification method from the application of GDY in the electrochemical field. Here, based on the existed reports, the commonly used non‐metal elements (such as nitrogen, sulfur) and metal elements (such as iron) have been introduced to post‐modify GDY. Then, a detailed analysis is made for corresponding electrochemical applications, such as energy storage and electrocatalysis. Finally, the challenges and prospects of post‐modified GDY in synthesis and electrochemical applications are proposed. This review provides us a useful guidance for the development of high‐quality GDY suitable for electrochemical applications.
Inhibition of human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase enzyme by Dabrafenib: Implications for drug–drug interactions
Authors: Yin Hang , Wang Zhe , Wang Xiaoyu , Lv Xin , Fan Xiaoyu , Yan Mingrui , Jia Yanyan , Jiang Lili , Cao Jun , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDabrafenib is a novel small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which is used to treat metastatic melanoma. The aim of this research was to survey the effects of dabrafenib on human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and to evaluate the risk of drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The formation rates for 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) glucuronide and trifluoperazine‐glucuronide in 12 recombinant human UGT isoforms with or without dabrafenib were measured and HPLC was used to investigate the inhibitory effects of dabrafenib on UGTs. Inhibition kinetic studies were also conducted. In vitro–in vivo extrapolation approaches were further used to predict the risk of DDI potentials of dabrafenib via inhibition of UGTs. Our data indicated that dabrafenib had a broad inhibitory effect on 4‐MU glucuronidation by inhibiting the activities of UGTs, especially on UGT1A1, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9, and dabrafenib could increase the area under the curve of co‐administered drugs. Dabrafenib is a strong inhibitor of several UGTs and the co‐administration of dabrafenib with drugs primarily metabolized by UGT1A1, 1A7, 1A8 or 1A9 may induce potential DDIs.
Reconstructing spleno‐mesenterico‐portal cofluence by bifurcated allogeneic vein in local advanced pancreatic cancer—a feasible method to avoid left‐sided portal hypertension
Authors: Zhang Xingmao , Wu Qiao , Fan Hua , He Qiang , Lang Ren 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐sided portal hypertension is usually found in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with spleno‐mesenterico‐portal (S‐M‐P) confluence resection. This study is to explore the outcomes of S‐M‐P confluence reconstruction after resection by using bifurcated allogeneic vein.MethodsClinicopathologic data of patients who underwent extensive PD with S‐M‐P confluence resection for carcinoma of pancreatic head/uncinate process in our hospital between December 2011 and August 2018 were retrospectively reviewed and clinical outcomes of vein reconstruction after resection were analyzed.ResultsOf the 37 patients enrolled, S‐M‐P reconstruction by bifurcated allogeneic vein was performed in 24 cases (group 1) and simply splenic vein ligation in 13 cases (group 2). Items including pathological results, blood loss, and complications were comparable between the two groups, operation time was longer in group 1 (573.8 vs. 479.2 min, p = 0.018). Significantly decreased platelet count (205.9 vs. 133.1 × 109/L, p = 0.001) and increased splenic volume (270.9 vs. 452.2 ml, p < 0.001) were observed in group 2 at 6 months after operation. The mean splenic hypertrophy ratio was 1.06 in group 1 and 1.63 in group 2, respectively (p < 0.001). There were four patients with varices were found in group 2, none in group 1.ConclusionsWithout increased complications, reconstructing S‐M‐P confluence by bifurcated allogeneic vein after resection may help to avoid left‐sided portal hypertension.
Altruism and social utility in consumer sharing behavior
Authors: Say Alicia L. , Guo Ruey‐Shan A. , Chen Chialin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies on consumer behavior in the sharing economy mainly focused on users' utilitarian benefits in market‐mediated exchange businesses and the social benefits of not‐for‐profit sharing practices. In particular, existing research on market‐mediated exchange indicates that the effect of personal utility outweighs altruistic and pro‐social values in consumers' sharing behavior; social utility factors, such as sustainability and benefits for the community, do not play significant roles in consumers' participation in for‐profit sharing businesses. Theoretically, this study complements previous studies on consumer behavior in the sharing economy with the social exchange theory (SET). It is important because it fills the research gap by proposing the effects of consumers' altruistic traits, interpersonal relationships, and pro‐social concerns on the commercial shared‐ride service. We conducted two empirical studies in the contexts of Uber in Taiwan and Didi in Mainland China. The results show a significant effect of altruism and social utility on consumers' sharing participation in market‐mediated exchange. Practically, this study highlights the significance of socio‐cultural contexts and psychological mechanisms to sharing‐platform operators. Efforts to promote consumers' altruism and concerns for sustainability and others' benefits will encourage the consumers' involvement. Our results also reveal the cultural differences between Taiwanese and Chinese consumers' sharing adoption.
A Facile Strategy for Synthesizing Organic Tannic Metal Salts as Advanced Energy Storage Anodes
Authors: Liu Fang , Liao Songyi , Lin Hai , Yin Yawen , Liu Yidong , Meng Hong , Min Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUntil now, organic electrode materials have been extensively researched and are expected to emerge as a promising rechargeable battery material, with advantages of adjustable structure, and stable electrochemical performance. Herein, we describe the synthesis of tannic acid metal salt [lithium tannic acid (LiTA) and sodium tannic acid (NaTA)] through a facile and mild acid‐base reaction methodology. The LiTA anode delivers a reversible capacity of 151.7 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and maintains 100.5 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Correspondingly, the NaTA anode presents a capacity of 147.7 mAh g−1 at 80 mA g−1 and remains at 79.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Both materials show good electrochemical behavior as demonstrated by EIS and GITT measured transport dynamics. Furthermore, the ion storage mechanism investigated by ex‐situ FTIR and ex‐situ XPS indicated that the redox pair changes between the C=O and C−O bonds. Therefore, the feasibility of tannic acid metal salt as a rechargeable battery anode provides a strategy to search for other natural organic compounds as promising energy storage materials.
Real‐world experience of nivolumab in the treatment of poor performance status patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Abbas M. Nazim , Klevansky Myron , Koczwara Bogda , Roy Amitesh Chandra , Sukumaran Shawgi , Vatandoust Sina , Karapetis Christos Stelios 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab improves disease control and survival in advanced NSCLC in patients with good performance status (PS), but there is limited data on its efficacy in patients with poor PS.AimPrimary objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab and examine the influence of PS on outcomes.Methods and ResultsRetrospective analysis of patients treated with single‐agent nivolumab for advanced NSCLC at a single institution was performed.Sixty‐six patients treated with nivolumab were identified (33 male) with a median age of 68.5 years. Fifty‐six (85%) patients were current or former smokers and 17 (26%) had brain metastasis. All patients had received prior chemotherapy, 39 (59%) patients received one and 27 (41%) had ≥2 prior lines of therapy. Median overall survival (OS) was 7.1 months (95%CI 3.61–11.3) in the overall study population. OS of patients with PS ≥2 at the start of treatment was 3.04 months (95%CI 1.64–7.36) as compared to 10.23 months (95%CI 7.06–18.9) with PS ≤1. The overall response rate was 7% (four patients had a partial response), 23 (40%) patients had stable disease; the overall disease control rate (partial response and stable disease) was 47%. Twenty‐six (40%) patients had PS ≥2 at the start of treatment and 2 (8%) of these patients developed a partial response, 4 (15%) had stable disease; the overall disease control rate was 23%. Fourteen (58%) patients with PS ≥2 had disease progression at the time of first disease response evaluation. In the overall population, 20% of patients experienced grade ≥3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), most commonly pneumonitis, hepatitis, and colitis. Fourteen TRAEs led to treatment discontinuation, 9 (23%) adverse events (AEs) in patients with PS ≤1 and 5 (19%) with PS ≥2. Fourteen (21%) patients died within 30 days of the last nivolumab treatment.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in toxicity leading to treatment discontinuation between the poor and good PS groups, but survival was shorter with poorer PS. PS appears to be an important prognostic factor and remains a relevant discriminator in the selection of treatment with immunotherapy for lung cancer.
Composite Porous Liquid for Recyclable Sequestration, Storage and In Situ Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide at Room Temperature
Authors: Bhattacharjee Archita , Kumar Raj , Sharma Kamendra P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPermanent pores combined with fluidity renders flow processability to porous liquids otherwise not seen in porous solids. Although porous liquids have been utilized for sequestration of different gases and their separation, there is still a dearth of studies for deploying in situ chemical reactions to convert adsorbed gases into utility chemicals. Here, we show the design and development of a new type of solvent‐less and hybrid (meso‐)porous liquid composite, which, as demonstrated for the first time, can be used for in situ carbon mineralization of adsorbed CO2. The recyclable porous liquid composite comprising polymer‐surfactant modified hollow silica nanorods and carbonic anhydrase enzyme not only sequesters (5.5 cm3 g−1 at 273 K and 1 atm) and stores CO2 but is also capable of driving an in situ enzymatic reaction for hydration of CO2 to HCO3− ion, subsequently converting it to CaCO3 due to reaction with pre‐dissolved Ca2+. Light and electron microscopy combined with X‐ray diffraction reveals the nucleation and growth of calcite and aragonite crystals. Moreover, the liquid‐like property of the porous composite material can be harnessed by executing the same reaction via diffusion of complimentary Ca2+ and HCO3− ions through different compartments separated by an interfacial channel. These studies provide a proof of concept of deploying chemical reactions within porous liquids for developing utility chemical from adsorbed molecules.
Overexpression of ARHI increases the sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to paclitaxel through inducing apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Wang Yang , Shen Fangrong , Zhou Jinhua , Fang Yuelan , Qi Yalan , Chen Youguo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system. This study investigated the role of aplysia ras homolog I (ARHI) in resistance to CC in vitro and in patients' tissues. Hela cells were continuously treated with different concentrations of paclitaxel (1–10 nM) to construct paclitaxel‐resistant cell model (Hela‐TR). CC or CC‐TR tissues were obtained from CC patients or CC patients who had developed paclitaxel resistance. The level of ARHI and multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in cells and tissues were detected by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. Cell viability, apoptosis and the number of colonies were assessed by MTT, flow cytometry and cell clone assay in Hela and Hela‐TR cells after the ARHI plasmid or shARHI were transfected into cells. The autophagy and apoptosis signaling related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The results revealed that the levels of ARHI mRNA and protein were down‐regulated in CC tissues, and were further reduced in paclitaxel‐resistant tissues and Hela cell model. High expression of ARHI inhibited the expression of MDR1 in Hela and Hela‐TR cells. The cell viability and cell clone of Hela and Hela‐TR cells were decreased by ARHI overexpression but increased by ARHI suppression. In addition, highly expressed ARHI promoted apoptosis and activated autophagy by increasing LC3‐II/LC3‐I through inactivating AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, overexpression of ARHI can increase the sensitivity of CC to paclitaxel through promoting apoptosis and autophagy in a AKT/mTOR inactivation dependent pathway.