bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shahin Mona Madbouly Mohammad , Mahmoud Madiha Rabie , Al-Shmaily Hanan Odah Salem , Altamimy Salma Rshed Mohammed , Alanzi Lama Abdulaziz Saud 
Published: April 2021

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and representing 31% of all global deaths according to WHO. So, this study may be useful to detect the risk factors of CVDs and how to prevent them to help in reducing the rate of deaths due to these diseases.
Aim: To estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Hail region, Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Methods: The study was carried out through an observational cross-sectional study on 300 participants from Hail region including both genders (females 231 [77%] & males 69 [23%]) with age group range from 18 years-old and above. The study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.
Results: The highest risk factor for CVDs was obesity, the total number of overweight, obese and extremely obese was 171 (57%) which was more pronounced with peoples at the age of 31-45 years old. Other risk factors that were found in our participants were hypertension (8.3%), diabetes mellitus(DM, 7.3%),family history of diseases (80.4%), consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables (62.7%), always drinking coffee (60.9%), physical inactivity (34.7%), consuming fast foods more than one time per week (32.4%) and smoking 10.3%.We can conclude that many risk factors for CVDs were prevalent among Hail population either non modifiable (family history of diseases) or modifiable (obesity, physical inactivity, fast foods, insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables) showed a considerable percentage which needs awareness programs for Hail population.
Haemopoietic Potential of Tannin Fractionates of Vitex doniana Leaf on Nitrosobis (2-Oxopropyl) Amine Comobidity in Docetaxel-Induced Myelosuppression in Wistar Rat
Authors: Anyanwu Godson Emeka , Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu 
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study investigated the haemopoietic potential of tannin fractionate of Vitex doniana leaf against nitosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine comorbidity in docetaxel-induced bone marrow suppression.
Study Design: This is an experimental research.
Place of Research: University of Nigeria, Enugu campus.
Methodology: The male Wistar rats used in this experiment were twenty-eight in number, and they were grouped into 7, with each group having four rats. Group 1 served as control, and received 1ml of normal saline, while groups 2-7 were treated with Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine 5 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. Then groups 3-7 were treated with 8 mg/Kg of docetaxel weekly for 2 weeks. And groups 4, 5 and 6 also received 250 mg/Kg and 500 mg/Kg and 1000 mg/kg of tannin, respectively, daily for 2 weeks. Group 7 received 40 mg/Kg of fesolate daily for 2 weeks.
Results: The haemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count of rats in the groups treated with Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine alone (group 2) and Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine plus Docetaxel (group 3) showed statistically significant reduction (p=.05) in number when compared with the group treated with normal saline (group 1). The haemoglobin concentration and white blood cell count of the rats in the groups treated with 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg of the tannin fractionate, in addition to the Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine and Docetxel (i.e. groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively) showed statistically significant dose dependent increase in number, with the group treated with 1000mg/kg showing the highest increment (p=.05). The cells in the bone marrow show significant reduction in number in the rats treated with Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (group 2) and Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine plus docetaxel (group 3) when compared with the rats in group 1 (treated with normal saline). With the addition of graded doses of the tannin fractionate, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000mg/kg (i.e. groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively), the number of cells in the bone marrow showed statistically significant increase when compared to group 3 (treated with Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine plus docetxel), with the rats in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of tannin fractionate (group 6) having the highest increment (p=.05).
Conclusion: Tannin obtained from Vitex doniana leaf extract increases the haemoglobin concentration in dose dependent manner. It also increases the white blood cell count, and number of proliferating bone marrow cells, following suppression by Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine and Docetaxel. So, this tannin obtained from Vitex doniana leaf extract may be useful in clinical practice to cushion the myelosupression, anaemia and leukopenia that are associated with use of docetaxel in treatment of malignancies.
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia – A retrospective study of 319 cases
Authors: Dong Ning , Castillo Tokumori Franco , Isenalumhe Leidy , Zhang Yumeng , Tandon Ankita , Knepper Todd C. , Mo Qianxing , Shao Haipeng , Zhang Ling , Sokol Lubomir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLarge granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) is a rare hematological malignancy that arises from cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T‐LGLL) in 85% of cases and natural killer (NK) cells in the rest. A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the pathogenesis, treatment choices, and prognostic factors of LGLL. We report a cohort of 319 consecutive LGLL patients who presented to our cancer center between 2001 and 2020. A total of 295 patients with T‐LGLL and 24 with chronic NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD‐NK) were identified. The median age was 65 years (range, 17–90 years). Eighty‐three patients (26.0%) had autoimmune diseases. A total of 119 patients (37.3%) had coexisting malignancies, 66 (20.7%) had solid tumors, and 59 (18.5%) had hematological malignancies. Most coexisting malignancies were diagnosed before the diagnosis of LGLL. Treatment was needed for 57% of patients. Methotrexate (MTX), cyclophosphamide (Cy), and cyclosporine A (CSA) were most used and had similar response rates between 61.5%–74.4%. Cy produced more complete responses (32.3%) compared to MTX and CSA (15.7% and 23.1%, respectively). Thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, and female gender (after controlling for autoimmune diseases) were associated with decreased response rates to MTX, CSA, or Cy. Autoimmune diseases were associated with increased response rates. Thrombocytopenia was an independent risk factor for worse survival.
Aging‐related Alzheimer's disease‐like neuropathology and functional decline in captive vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)
Authors: Frye Brett M. , Craft Suzanne , Latimer Caitlin S. , Keene C. Dirk , Montine Thomas J. , Register Thomas C. , Orr Miranda E. , Kavanagh Kylie , Macauley Shannon L. , Shively Carol A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAge‐related neurodegeneration characteristic of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) begins in middle age, well before symptoms. Translational models to identify modifiable risk factors are needed to understand etiology and identify therapeutic targets. Here, we outline the evidence supporting the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a model of aging‐related AD‐like neuropathology and associated phenotypes including cognitive function, physical function, glucose handling, intestinal physiology, and CSF, blood, and neuroimaging biomarkers. This review provides the most comprehensive multisystem description of aging in vervets to date. This review synthesizes a large body of evidence that suggests that aging vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with early AD and provide a powerful, naturally occurring model for LOAD. Notably, relationships are identified between AD‐like neuropathology and modifiable risk factors. Gaps in knowledge and key limitations are provided to shape future studies to illuminate mechanisms underlying divergent neurocognitive aging trajectories and to develop interventions that increase resilience to aging‐associated chronic disease, particularly, LOAD.
Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Efficiency and Donor–Acceptor Distance: from Qualitative to Quantitative
Authors: Lou Jinhui , Tang Xiaofang , Zhang Haoke , Guan Weijiang , Lu Chao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince its birth in 1967, the utilization of chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) has made substantial progress in a variety of fields for its unique features. However, the quantitative relationship between CRET efficiency and donor–acceptor distance has not yet been determined owing to the difficulty in designing the variable lengths between chemiluminescent donors and acceptors. Herein, we synthesized three kinds of tetraphenylethene (TPE)‐anchored cationic surfactants with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. For the first time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the CRET efficiency is inversely proportional to the sixth power of distance between luminol donors and TPE acceptors. The details disclosed in this contribute have provided the solid evidence that CRET follows Förster resonance theory. Our strategy would build a promising platform to control donor–acceptor distance, allowing to the interdisciplinary applications of CRET.
Trifluoromethyl Hydrolysis En Route to Corroles with Increased Druglikeness
Authors: Yadav Pinky , Khoury Sally , Fridman Natalia , Sharma Vinay K. , Kumar Amit , Majdoub Mahmoud , Kumar Anil , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHeme‐like metal‐chelating macrocycles, including expanded and contracted porphyrins, are of everlasting interest as drug candidates for numerous diseases. Still, all reported corrole derivatives (and most other heme analogues) do not fulfill the most basic standards expected for oral drug administration: a combination of low molecular weight and reasonable water solubility. We now disclose a very straightforward synthetic method that relies on surprisingly facile trifluoromethyl hydrolysis for gaining access to a new class of corroles that do satisfy all druglikeness criteria. The relevance is briefly exemplified for the iron corroles by demonstrating the ability to affect their association with plasma proteins and their performance for catalase‐like decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
A Supported Pd2Dual‐Atom Site Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Zhang Ningqiang , Zhang Xinxin , Kang Yikun , Ye Chenliang , Jin Rui , Yan Han , Lin Rui , Yang Jiarui , Xu Qian , Wang Yu , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Liu Licheng , Song Weiyu , Liu Jian , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDual‐atom site catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis because the synergistic effect between adjacent metal atoms can promote their catalytic activity while maintaining the advantages of single‐atom site catalysts (SACs), like 100 % atomic utilization efficiency and excellent selectivity. Herein, a supported Pd2DAC was synthesized and used for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) for the first time. The as‐obtained Pd2DAC exhibited superior CO2RR catalytic performance with 98.2 % CO faradic efficiency at −0.85 V vs. RHE, far exceeding that of Pd1SAC, and coupled with long‐term stability. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the intrinsic reason for the superior activity of Pd2DAC toward CO2RR was the electron transfer between Pd atoms at the dimeric Pd sites. Thus, Pd2DAC possessed moderate adsorption strength of CO*, which was beneficial for CO production in CO2RR.
Single and hybrid organoclay‐filled PLA nanocomposites: Mechanical properties, viscoelastic behavior and fracture toughening mechanism
Authors: Lopes Alves Jefferson , de Tarso Vieira e Rosa Paulo , de Redondo Realinho Vera C. , de Sousa Pais Antunes Marcelo , Ignacio Velasco José , Morales Ana Rita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites based on single and hybrid organic‐modified montmorillonites were previously studied in terms of their morphological, thermal and fire performance. As surfactants of the organoclays influenced the compatibility between the nanofillers and PLA with different degrees of clay platelets dispersion, the present work investigated the effect of these features in the mechanical properties of PLA nanocomposites. PLA nanocomposites specimens were analyzed by dynamic‐mechanical‐thermal analysis, which pointed out changes in the viscoelastic behavior of the materials by the incorporation of the organoclays, namely the increase of the storage modulus due to polymer chains movements restriction and reinforcement effects associated with the dispersion of the nanofillers. Flexural and impact testing showed that hybrid organomontmorillonites containing ester ammonium and ethoxylated amine improved PLA's ductility, toughness and impact resistance. This behavior was explained by the high level of compatibility and interaction between the surfactants and PLA chains due to the polar groups in their structures. These organoclays caused a transition on PLA's fracture from brittle to ductile in a way that the toughening mechanism was explained by crazing and multi‐shear banding induced by the plasticized interfacial region around these organoclays.
Fuzzy modeling and control of a class of non‐differentiable multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems
Authors: Zare Kazem , Shasadeghi Mokhtar , Izadian Afshin , Niknam Taher , Asemani Mohammad Hassan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach in modeling and control of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems that have non‐differentiable operating points. A circle criterion is introduced at the non‐differentiable operating points to divide the entire operating region into two parts. Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy models are developed in each part, and a switching framework is introduced to model the operating region. Accordingly, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is developed. The proposed modeling and controller are implemented on the benchmark quadruple tank process (QTP). It is demonstrated that the proposed modeling and controller design provides simplicity and universality in a set of nonlinear systems; it is robust with respect to various internal and external disturbances and model uncertainties which allows for accurate regulation and tracking; and it converges in finite time, is capable of controlling nonlinear systems with coupling dynamic, and enables fuzzy modeling of continuous‐time systems without imposing differentiability.
Utility of 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan for spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric determinations of the anti‐hirsutism agent (α‐difluoromethylornithine) in pharmaceutical cream samples
Authors: Almahri Albandary 
Published: April 2021

Abstractα‐Difluoromethylornithine is an effective medication for the treatment of African Trypanosomiasis and widely distributed for the treatment of hirsutism. This work provides an adequate analytical protocol for the spectrophotometric and the spectrofluorimetric determination of α‐difluoromethylornithine through its interaction with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan (NBD‐chloride) reagent. After optimization of the reaction conditions (NBD‐chloride volume, buffer volume, the best diluting solvent, heating time and temperature and pH of the medium) the reaction product was measured spectrophotometrically at λmax = 478 nm and spectrofluorimetrically at λemission = 540 nm after λexcitation = 475 nm. The proposed methods were linear over the ranges 5–30 μg ml−1 and 0.4–2 μg ml−1 for the spectrophotometric method and the spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. Moreover, the proposed work offers an adequate sensitive and selective determination for α‐difluoromethylornithine where the detection limits were 0.90 μg ml−1 and 0.071 μg ml−1 for the spectrophotometric method and the spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. Furthermore, both methods were successfully applied for the quantification of α‐difluoromethylornithine in the pharmaceutical cream samples with acceptable recovery results.
Bio‐functionalized titanium surfaces with modified silk fibroin carrying titanium binding motif to enhance the ossific differentiation of MC3T3‐E1
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Bhawal Ujjal K. , Takemoto Shinji , Nishiyama Norihiro , Nakahara Yuichi , Tatematsu Ken‐ichiro , Sezutsu Hideki , Kuwabara Nobuo , Minamisawa Tamiko , Shiba Kiyotaka , Asakura Tetsuo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori has superior properties as both a textile and a biomaterial, and has been used to functionalize the surfaces of various medical inorganic materials including titanium (Ti). In this study, we endowed SF with reversible binding ability to Ti by embedding a titanium binding motif (minTBP‐1 and RKLPDA). Artificial SF proteins were first created by conjugating gene cassettes for SF motif (AGSGAG) and minTBP‐1 motif with different ratios, which have been shown to bind reversibly to Ti surfaces in quartz crystal microbalance analyses. Based on these results, the functionalized SF (TiBP‐SF) containing the designed peptide [TS[(AGSGAG)3AS]2RKLPDAS]8 was prepared from the cocoon of transgenic B. mori, which accelerates the ossific differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells when coated on titanium substrates. Thus, TiBP‐SF presents an alternative for endowing the surfaces of titanium materials with osseointegration functionality, which would allow the exploration of potential applications in the medical field.
Oncolytic virus purification with periodic counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Mendes João P. , Silva Ricardo J. S. , Berg Mikael , Mathiasson Linda , Peixoto Cristina , Alves Paula M. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVirus‐based biologicals are one of the most promising biopharmaceuticals of the 21st century medicine and play a significant role in the development of innovative therapeutic, prophylactic, and clinical applications. Oncolytic virus manufacturing scale can range from 5 L in research and development up to 50 L for clinical studies and reach hundreds of liters for commercial scale. The inherent productivity and high integration potential of periodic counter‐current chromatography (PCC) offer a transversal solution to decrease equipment footprint and the reduction of several non‐value‐added unit operations. We report on the design of an efficient PCC process applied to the intermediate purification of oncolytic adenovirus. The developed ion‐exchange chromatographic purification method was carried out using a four‐column setup for three different scenarios: (i) variation in the feedstock, (ii) potential use of a post‐load washing step to improve virus recovery, and (iii) stability during extended operation. Obtained virus recoveries (57%–86%) and impurity reductions (>80% DNA, and >70% total protein) match or overcome batch purification. Regarding process stability and automation, our results show that not only the dynamic control strategy used is able to suppress perturbations in the sample inlet but also allows for unattended operation in the case of ion exchange capture.
microRNA‐377‐3p downregulates the oncosuppressor T‐cadherin in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Di Palo Armando , Siniscalchi Chiara , Polito Rita , Nigro Ersilia , Russo Aniello , Daniele Aurora , Potenza Nicoletta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death of malignant tumors worldwide. Recent studies point to a role for the adiponectin‐receptor axis in colorectal carcinogenesis, and in particular to the oncosuppressive properties of the T‐cadherin receptor. In addition, the loss of T‐cadherin expression in tumor tissues has been linked to cancer progression and attributed to aberrant methylation of its promoter. Recognizing the pivotal role of microRNAs in CRC, this study explores their possible contribution to the downregulation of T‐cadherin. A systematic bioinformatics analysis, restricted by microRNA expression data in the colon or in cultured colorectal cell lines, predicted twelve top‐ranking target miRNA sites within the 3ʹ UTR of T‐cadherin. Experimental validation analyses based on luciferase reporter constructs and miRNA mimic or miRNA inhibitor transfections toward colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines indicated that miR‐377‐3p was able to directly bind to the T‐cadherin sequence, and thus downregulating its expression. Given the oncogenic activity of miR‐377 and the oncosuppressive activity of T‐cadherin in CRC, the regulatory circuit highlighted in this study may add new insights into molecular mechanisms driving colorectal carcinogenesis, and perspectively it could be exploited to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Quantitative assessment of color tracking and gray tracking in color displays
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Wu Chih‐Lei , Badano Aldo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe goal of this study is to develop quantitative metrics for evaluating color tracking and gray tracking in a color display. Chromaticity consistency of red, green, or blue shades is color tracking, while chromaticity consistency of gray shades is gray tracking. Gray tracking and color tracking are the most important colorimetric responses of a color display because they directly indicate the color calibration quality and can therefore be used to compare color performance between displays. Two metrics, primary purity and gray purity, are defined to measure the color shift of the primary shades and gray shades of a color display, respectively. The area under the curves of primary purity and gray purity can then represent the quality of color tracking (C_AUC) and gray tracking (G_AUC), respectively. Fifteen displays including medical, professional‐grade, consumer‐grade, mobile, and special displays were tested to compare their C_AUC and G_AUC. The OLED displays have the greatest C_AUC values. The medical and professional‐grade displays have the greatest combinations of C_AUC and G_AUC values. Most consumer‐grade displays have lower C_AUC and G_AUC values, but some show better gray tracking than color tracking. The special displays exhibit particularly poor color and gray tracking.
Quantitative scoring methods of the Farnsworth D15 and Waggoner computerized D15 color vision tests in clinical practice
Authors: Almustanyir Ali , Alduhayan Reema , Alhassan Mosaad , Bokhary Kholoud , Alabdulkader Balsam 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Farnsworth D15 (FR‐D15) color vision test is generally used to determine whether individuals with color vision defects have good color discrimination to perform their jobs safely. The Waggoner computerized color vision test D15 (WC‐D15) is a computerized version of the FR‐D15 test. This study aimed to evaluate the color differences vectors analyses (CDV) quantitative scoring in clinical practice using the FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 color vision tests. Fifty‐nine individuals with congenital red‐green color vision deficiency participated in this study. All participants were screened with the Ishihara, Waggoner Pseudoisochromatic plates, and City University Tests. Participants also completed FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 tests. The number of crossings, and CDV indices, including the confusion index, total error score, specificity index, and angle were assessed. There were significant correlations between the number of crossings and each of the CDV parameters. Results of both D15 tests showed that defects classified by confusion angles improve with an increase in crossings. The correct diagnosis rate improved when the criterion of failure was relaxed compared to the generally accepted criteria of ≥2. A CDV angle of either 0° or −3° accurately classifies defects as protan or deutan. Quantitative measurements of the FR‐D15 and WC‐D15 color vision tests showed good results in detecting color vision deficiency and diagnosing the type of defect. The CDV parameters positively correlated with the traditional evaluation of the defect's presence by counting the crossings. It is more accurate for clinicians to interpret their results using the CDV parameters.