bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of air pollution exposure in the area of Iasi county – a warning signal for lung health and the risk of developing COPD
Authors: Buculei Ioana , Dobrin Mona-Elisabeta , Tesloianu Anda , Vicol Cristina , Dabija Radu-Adrian Crișan , Antoniu Sabina , Rohozneanu Oana Elena , Trofor Antigona Carmen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Air pollution is a major threat to public health, and the effects of pollution are perceived in all countries of the world, by all social categories, regardless of age. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a growing prevalence worldwide and an increasing number of risk factors that exacerbate symptoms and accelerate disease progression. Exposure to air pollution is one of the less studied and less investigated risk factors for COPD. Depending on the size and chemical nature of the pollutant, it can overcome the defence mechanism of the respiratory system and enter the lung tissues, thus causing some respiratory diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that six major air pollutants have been identified, namely particulate matter (PM), ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and lead. The severe impact of PM exposure is demonstrated by the link between exposure to high concentrations of PM and certain severe diseases such as silicosis, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and COPD. In Iași County, Romania, air quality measurements are performed by six automatic air quality monitoring stations, and the data obtained are used to create annual reports and these are also available online. Due to the high concentrations of air pollutants, the city of Iași is one of the three topmost polluted cities in Romania. A future assessment on the impact of air pollution on the health of the inhabitants of these cities and the implementation of new methods to improve air quality is needed.
Disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis following renal transplant: A case report
Authors: Sadeghi-Haddad-Zavareh Mahmoud , Roushan Mohammad Reza Hasanjani , Afshar Zeinab Mohseni , Bayani Masomeh , Ebrahimpour Soheil , Saeedi Shahab , Babazadeh Arefeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) presents a major challenge following a renal transplant in humans. In the current report, we described a patient with disseminated TB following renal transplantation. The article presents the case of a 38-year-old man who presented an 8-month history of fever, chills, sweating, low-back pain and significant weight loss. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) scan showed miliary nodules distributed in the two lungs. The transbronchial lung biopsy revealed a granulomatous reaction with caseous necrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain found multiple tuberculomas. Also, MRI of the lumbosacral was indicative of a psoas abscess. Therefore, miliary pulmonary, cerebral and spinal TB was confirmed. The patient was started on an anti-TB regimen and paravertebral aspiration was also done. The patient’s condition improved considerably. In conclusion, this case report can remind us of the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion and performing a thorough workup to establish a timely diagnosis and treatment of miliary TB.
Current Trends in Prostate Cancer Etiology, Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
Authors: Folkmanis Kristofs , Junk Elizabete , Merdane Evelīna , Folkmane Inese , Folkmanis Valdis , Isajevs Sergejs 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men, with an estimated 1.1 million diagnoses worldwide in 2012, accounting for 15% of all cancers diagnosed. In many cases, successful treatment of prostate cancer is difficult due to late detection and rate of metastasis. Importantly, the tumours of many patients with prostate cancer become refractory to androgen therapy and progress to metastatic castration-resistant disease. An effective treatment course of prostate cancer patients requires predictive biomarkers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that support individual treatment. Different risk classification tools have been developed to distinguish patients with early PCa according to the prognosis, including the D’Amico classification system, the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk groups classification. Unfortunately, there is still no single, universal, cheap, non-invasive, early prostate cancer diagnostic tool, as serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) has not approved expectations and is not implemented in standardised prostate cancer screening. The aim of this review was to provide current state of art knowledge of prostate cancer screening, diagnosis, staging and future perspectives and directions.
Accelerated Laboratory Testing for Reflective Cracking
Authors: Lobază Mihai Gabriel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the most used methods of rehabilitation of road structures is the laying of a protective asphalt layer over a degraded concrete. The main problem of this solution is the reflective cracking, more precisely the transmission of the existing cracks in the lower layer in the asphalt pavement.
The method presented in this article involves an accelerated laboratory test on specimens composed of a pre-cracked concrete slab over which an asphalt slab is glued, subjected to equivalent traffic loads. This test allows the observation of the crack propagation from the lower layer to the upper layer, until it yields, through parameters such as deformed specimen, opening and length of the crack in asphalt, but also the opening of the existing crack in concrete, relative to the number of cycles.
By relating these parameters, important conclusions can be drawn about the behavior of the composite structure at reflective cracking, being able to choose the optimal recipe of the protective asphalt layer.
Carbonation Resistance Classes of Concretes
Authors: Moraru Cristinel , Apostu Adelina , Georgescu Dan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Concrete carbonation is a phenomenon that occurs by the penetration into the cement stone of CO2 present in the atmosphere. The phenomenon occurs in the presence of water in which CO2 dissolves, forming carbonate ions, which in turn react with calcium ions in the pores of the concrete, resulting in calcium carbonate (calcite). The diffusion of CO2 occurs through pores and surface defects, it thus penetrates deeper into the concrete and the carbonation reaction can occur at a greater depth, eventually exceeding the thickness of the cover, causing corrosion of the reinforcement. [1]
In the case of reinforced concrete bridges, corrosion induced by carbonation of concrete is one of the main causes of degradation. Thus, in the design stage of the reinforced concrete bridge structures, the inevitable process of carbonation of the concrete must be taken into account, in the design of the durability, by calculating the thickness of the concrete cover layer.
This article aims to present the concept of carbonation resistance class, which will be a major change in the standard based on which the thickness of the concrete cover for reinforcement will be determined. This presentation is made in the context of the European performance approach to durability. In this sense, an analysis of the experimental results obtained in research on concrete prepared with different types of cements, carried out in collaboration with the laboratory of the Reinforced Concrete Structures Department, within the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest. Proposals for classification in the carbonation resistance classes for concretes prepared with two types of cements are also presented.
Effect of Concentration of Household Waste Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Planting Media on Growth and Production of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L)
Authors: Mahdalena  
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

"Effect of Concentration of Household Waste Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Planting Media on Growth and Production of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L)".
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing waste on various growing media and the interaction of the two treatments on the growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L). This research was carried out for 4 months, starting from December 2020 to March 2021, the location of the research on the Practicum Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda is located on Jln. K. H Wahid Hasyim, Sempaja Village, North Samarinda District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province.
The research method used a randomized block design with a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 3 replications. The first factor is organic fertilizer of rice washing waste (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely: P0 (control), P1 250 ml + 750 ml water, P2 500 ml + 500 ml water, and P3 750 ml + 250 ml water. The second factor is the planting medium (M) which consists of 4 levels, namely M0 (control) 15 kg, M1 soil 10 kg + husk charcoal 5 kg (2: 1), M2 soil 10 kg + sawdust 5 kg (2: 1) , M3 soil 5 kg + husk charcoal 5 kg + sawdust 5 kg ( 1 : 1 : 1 ).
Observation variables were plant height, stem diameter, harvest age, and fruit weight. The results showed that the effect of liquid organic fertilizer from rice washing waste on various planting media and the interaction of the two treatments did not give the best effect on the growth and production of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L).
Keywords: Fertilizer, Fertilizer, and Organic Media.
Application of Neural Network Analysis for Seismic Data to Differentiate Reservoir Units of Yamama Formation in Nasiriya Oilfield A Case Study in Southern Iraq
Authors: Khorshid Salman Z. , Mohammed Maha F. , Al –Taee Ammar A. J. 
Published: August 2021

The EMERGE application from Hampsson-Russell suite programs was used in the present study. It is an interesting domain for seismic attributes that predict some of reservoir three dimensional or two dimensional properties, as well as their combination. The objective of this study is to differentiate reservoir/non reservoir units with well data in the Yamama Formation by using seismic tools. P-impedance volume (density x velocity of P-wave) was used in this research to perform a three dimensional seismic model on the oilfield of Nasiriya by using post-stack data of 5 wells. The data (training and application) were utilized in the EMERGE analysis for estimating the reservoir properties of P-wave velocity, in addition to the neural network analysis and deriving relations between them at well locations. P- wave velocity slices of reservoir units (Yb1, Yb2, and Yc) of Yamama Formation were prepared to determine the enhancement trends within these units. From a general economic point of view, due to good prospecting in Cretaceous rocks, especially in Nasiriya oilfield, , Yamama Formation was found to contain hydrocarbon accumulation and can be considered as one of the most important reservoirs in southern Iraq.
2D Seismic Reflection Study of Mishrif and Yamama Formations in East Nasiriya Area, Southern Iraq
Authors: Faisal Mohammed S. , Ali Kamal K. 
Published: August 2021

The structural division and stratigraphic estimation of the perceptible geological basin are the most important for oil and gas exploration. This study attempts to obtain subsurface geology in parts of east Nasiriya, southern Iraq using of seismic data and some adjacent well information for structural and stratigraphic interpretation. To achieve this goal, 2D seismic data in SEG-Y format were used with velocity and logging data. The seismic profile is then interpreted as a two-dimensional (time domain and depth domain) contour map, which is represented as a real subsurface geology.
Reflectors from the Mishrif and Yamama Formations (Cretaceous period) were detected. According to the structural interpretation of the selected reflectors, TWT maps of the horizon were prepared, and depth maps were drawn, which show some noses structures in the study area. The seismic interpretation in this area confirmed the existence of certain stratigraphic features in the studied strata. Some distribution mounds and flat spots were also observed which similar to the characteristics of the Nasiriya oil field stratigraphic features that are the considered as hydrocarbon indicators.
Detection and Identification of Novel Genes from Fungi Isolated from Wastewater
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim 
Published: August 2021

The environment in Mosul city is very rich, containing a wide variety of microorganisms which have not been recognised for a long time. Five new fungal genes were identified and registered for the first time in the gene bank. These included Fusarium falciforme 2020-06-MIK-F1 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC555741, Nectriaceae sp. 2020-06-MIK-F2 genes for ITS1 with Accession no. LC555742, Trichoderma asperellum MIK3 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575020, Penecillum sp. MIK4 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575021, and Neurospora crassa MIK5 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575022. These fungal genes were isolated from wastewater of Khosr river in Mosul city/ Iraq, which has many contamination sources.
Roles of IL-17A and IL-23 in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Abdul-Hussein Sarah S. , Ali Ekhlass N. , Alkhalidi Nawal M. F. , Zaki Neihaya H. , Ad'hiah Ali H. 
Published: August 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis of which have been suggested to be influenced by cytokines. Two main clinical types of IBD are recognized, namely ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The present study examined serum levels of two cytokines (IL-17A and IL-23) in 60 IBD patients (30 UC and 30 CD) and 30 healthy controls. The levels were correlated with age, gender, cigarette-smoking status, disease duration, family history, disease extension, symptoms, extra-intestinal manifestations, and medication. The results depicted that IL-17A level was significantly higher in UC and CD patients compared to control (45.2 ± 23.3 and 47.5 ± 34.4 vs. 15.6 ± 7.5 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Serum level of IL-23 was similarly increased in UC and CD patients compared to control (64.1± 23.7 and 62.5 ± 27.3 vs. 25.2 ± 11.1 pg/ml, respectively). However, the level of both cytokines showed no significant variation between UC and CD patients (p = 0.713 and 0.777, respectively). Distributing UC and CD patients into subgroups according to some characteristics revealed that IL-17A level was significantly increased in UC male compared to female patients (57.3 ± 18.2 vs. 34.5 ± 22.5 pg/ml; p = 0.005). It was also significantly increased in smoker UC patients compared with non-smoker patients (51.9 ± 19.4 vs. 31.6 ± 25.5 pg/ml; p = 0.022). Smoker CD patients also showed a significantly increased level of IL-23 compared to non-smoker patients (72.7 ± 28.5 vs. 52.2 ± 22.6 pg/ml; p = 0.038). In the case of family history, IL-23 level was significantly decreased in UC patients with a family history of IBD compared to CD patients with a family history (84.5 ± 24.3 vs. 50.4 ± 17.0 pg/ml.; p = 0.042). In conclusion, the present data suggest a role for IL-17A and IL-23 in the etiology and pathogenesis of UC and CD.
Sistem Penentuan Kualitas Hewan Qurban di Indonesia dengan Metode SAW
Authors: Sari Renny Puspita , Adi Ahmad Cahyono 
Published: August 2021

Setiap tahunnya, umat muslim didunia melaksanakan Ibadah Qurban termasuk di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data dari Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan jumlah hewan qurban di Indonesia pada tahun 2020 adalah sekitar 1.802.651 ekor dengan rincian hewan sapi, kerbau, kambing dan domba. Statistik hewan Qurban dari tahun ke tahun mengalami kenaikan. Hewan yang dapat di Qurbankan pada dasarnya memiliki syarat tertentu sesuai dengan fiqih Qurban. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pengecekkan terlebih dahulu apakah hewan tersebut layak jadi hewan Qurban. Tingginya angka Qurban di Indonesia mendorong lahirnya sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang dapat membantu dalam mengelompokkan hewan-hewan yang akan di Qurbankan di Indonesia. Sistem ini menerapkan metode perhitungan SAW (Simple Adictive Weighting) yang dapat mengklasifikasikan hewan Qurban yang di inputkan dengan kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Hasilnya semua calon hewan Qurban akan secara otomatis diberi nilai yang memiliki arti tertentu apakah hewan tersebut untuk dapat jadi hewan Qurban. Dengan adanya sistem penentu hewan Qurban, diharapkan dapat mendorong peningkatan kualitas hewan Qurban yang ada di Indonesia.
Sistem Rekomendasi Tempat Kost di Sekitar Kampus ITHB Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Sipayung Evasaria Magdalena , Fiarni Cut Fiarni , Sutopo Sherly 
Published: August 2021

Dalam memilih tempat kos terdapat beberapa kriteria yang harus diperhatikan, pada penelitian ini digunakan tujuh kriteria dalam memilih tempat kos, diantaranya adalah fasilitas kamar, ketersediaan listrik dan air, jarak tempat kos ke kampus, akses tempat kos ke jalan protokol, kebersihan tempat kos, aman dari banjir, dan reputasi tempat kos. Setiap orang tentunya memiliki perbedaan akan tingkat penilaian (preferensi) antara satu kriteria dan kriteria lainya dan setiap tempat kos pun memiliki harga dan fasilitas yang berbeda-beda. Hal inilah yang terkadang membuat seseorang sulit untuk membandingkan kos yang satu dengan lainya. Pada sistem yang ada saat ini, rekomendasi yang diberikan hanya berupa list tempat kos berdasarkan pencocokan antara inputan dengan database saja dan tidak memperlihatkan urutan kos yang menjadi alternatif terbaik. Pada penelitian dilakukan penentuan preferensi terhadap kriteria untuk memilih tempat kos dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Sistem rekomendasi tempat kos dilakukan dengan melakukan filter input harga tempat kos dan penilaian terhadap kriteria preferensi fasilitas utama, ketersediaan listrik dan air, jarak tempat kos ke kampus, akses tempat kos ke jalan protokol, kebersihan tempat kos, lingkungan keadaan banjir dan reputasi yang telah ditentukan oleh user. Perhitungan bobot preferensi masing-masing kriteria terhadap alternatif tempat kos sehingga dihasilkan total nilai masing-masing alternatif kos. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, rekomendasi yang diberikan tergantung dari penilaian preferensi setiap kriteria. Hasil yang diberikan berupa rangking alternatif tertinggi ke rangking terendah sesuai dengan preferensi yang dipilih untuk mempermudah mahasiswa menentukan tempat kos yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.
PELAKSANAAN AKAD BAI` BITSAMAN AJIL DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM (STUDY KASUS BMT SIDOGIRI)
Authors: Nurdiansyah Rifqi , Salman Al Farisi Muhammad , Budi Susetyo Achmad , Bayu  , Kusbiantoro Sigit , Muhajjir  
Published: August 2021

P
Pergeseran kebijakan ekonomi nasional yang mengikuti perkembangan ekonomi global telah membuat pemerintah untuk membenahi kegiatan ekonomi negara. Kehadiran lembaga keuangan syariah seperti BMT UGT merupakan pioner untuk membantu masyarakat kalangan menengah kebawah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan simpan pinjam nasabah. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nasabah yang beragam BMT UGT Sidogiri melakukan inovasi akad seperti penyertaan akad lain pada suatu akad tertentu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif meliputi observasi, interview dan library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi akad bai` bitsaman ajil (BBA) di BMT UGT Sidogiri mensyaratkan harus disertakan akad lain yakni akad wakalah. Model pertama barang diserahkan ke BMT oleh nasabah yang menjadi wakil, baru kemudian diserah-terimakan kembali oleh BMT kepada nasabah. Hal ini diperbolehkan dalam hukum Islam dimana pihak BMT UGT Sidogiri dan nasabah telah melakukan akad sesuai dengan syari’at Islam dan ketentuan perbankan. Model kedua, barang langsung dibawa pulang oleh nasabah dan menjadi hak milik, tanpa terlebih dahulu diserahkan kepada BMT, model seperti ini tidak sah karena mengakibatkan terjadinya ittihadul qaabit wal muqbit yang dilarang oleh hukum Islam.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КИНЕТИКИ ГИБЕЛИ СПОР CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM ВО ФРУКТОВЫХ КОНСЕРВАХ
Authors: Левшенко М.Т. , Позднякова Т.А. , Волкова Р.А. 
Published: August 2021

В Российской Федерации считается, если величина рН консервов из персиков, абрикосов и груш превышает 3,8, в них возможно развитие и токсинообразование Clostridium botulinum, поэтому они выделены в отдельную группу. Недавними исследованиями установлено, что существующее выделение консервов из персиков, абрикосов и груш в особую группу, необходимо пересмотреть, так как споры C. botulinum в этих консервах с рН ниже 4,5 не развиваются, а гибнут с различной скоростью, в зависимости от величины рН консервов.

В представленной работе продолжено изучение кинетики гибели спор C. botulinum во фруктовых консервах из тропических фруктов манго и бананов с рН от 3,8 до 4,5. Экспериментально установлена кинетика гибели спор C. botulinum при хранении консервов из манго и бананов в течение 24 месяцев. К концу двухгодичного срока хранения в продукте с рН 3,9 и 4,2 остались жизнеспособными лишь единичные споры в см3 продукта, а в продукте с рН 4,5 выжили десятки спор в см3 продукта. Кинетика гибели спор C. botulinum в манговом и банановом пюре аналогична скорости гибели спор в абрикосовом пюре при равных значениях рН продукта.

Таким образом, проведенные исследования подтверждают предложение изменить подходы к делению фруктовых консервов на группы и соответственно, к разработке режимов стерилизации (пастеризации) консервов из абрикосов, персиков и груш.
МЕТОДИКА РАСЧЕТА ПЛОЩАДИ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ГОРЕНИЯЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНЫХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: Алексеева Н.А. , Попов В.О. , Трубников А.А. 
Published: August 2021

Численное моделирование внутрибаллистических характеристик процесса работы энергетических двигательных установок, снаряженных высокоэнергетическим наполнителем, является одним из наиболее важнейших этапов при проектировании и отработке. При расчете параметров работы изделий решается прямая задача внутренней баллистики, заключающаяся в нахождении газодинамических характеристик (давление в камере, тяга, скорость потока, плотность продуктов сгорания и др.) в зависимости от известных величин: сгоревшего свода и площади поверхности горения наполнителя. При расчете площади поверхности горения в зависимости от свода для установок с простой по геометрической форме конструкцией (канально-цилиндрическая, коническая и т. д.) используются аналитические способы. В настоящей статье представлена методика расчета площади поверхности горения в зависимости от величины сгоревшего свода, базирующаяся на трехмерном моделировании. Для наглядного представления методики проведено моделирование развития поверхности горения в процессе работы энергетической двигательной установки, снаряженной твердым высокоэнергетическим наполнителем со сложной по геометрической форме конструкцией, которая выражается в наличии на правом торце кольцевого выреза и неизвлекамого быстросгораемого элемента по центру изделия. Использование данной методики позволяет значительно сократить трудоемкость и время проведения вычислений за счет автоматизированного измерения площади и других параметров.