bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Eradication Following Direct Acting Antivirals on Liver Stiffness Measurement
Authors: Ghaly Sameh , El-Ray Ahmed , Castera Laurent , Al-Ashry Ahmed M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C infection is a disease with significant global impact, about 130150 million people chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), representing about 2-2.5% of the world’s population. In Egypt, the prevalence is 10% and according to the last DHS in 2015 it was 7%.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the effect of SVR using DAAs on the stage of the liver fibrosis in HCV patients by measuring of liver stiffness, using transient elastography before and after receiving treatment.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in co-operation between Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, AinShams University and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute between January 2019 to September 2019. It included 103 adult Egyptian patients who received SOF/DAC for three months and were assessed before and after achieving SVR-24. The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital (after consents were obtained).

Results
study showed that achieving SVR-24 was associated with improvement of LSM assessed by Transient Elastography and application of FIB-4 score and overall improvement of liver biochemistry as shown by reduction of AST, ALT and serum bilirubin and increase of serum albumin, INR and platelets. This was accompanied by increase of hemoglobin, Creatinine and BMI. The study also showed despite the fact that results were accompanied by significant improvement in LSM, Fib-4 and liver biochemistry, achieving SVR did not guarantee improvement of cirrhosis; only 29% of cirrhotics regressed to sub-cirrhotic range (LSM &lt;12.5 kPa).

Conclusion
Sofosbuvir / Daclatasvir combination is effective and well tolerated for treatment of genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C patients. Achieving SVR-24 was associated with significant improvement of LSM using transient elastography to assess liver fibrosis. Achieving SVR-24 was associated with overall improvement of liver biochemistry. Improvement of LSM was more in cirrhotic patients than non-cirrhotic patients.
The role of hepcidin as a biomarker for iron status in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage IV and V) with negative virology
Authors: El Sharkawy Magdy M , Elsaid Heba W , Khedr Lina E , Ibraheem Ahmed M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that is seen in more than 80% of patients with impaired renal function. Hepcidin, an acute phase reactant protein produced in the liver, is a key regulator of iron homeostasis.

Aim of the Work
to assess hepcidin level in 45 non-dialysis patients (CKD stage IV and V with negative virology) and its relation to iron parameters.

Patients and Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted at Nasser Institute for Treatment and Research on 45 patients with chronic kidney disease stage IV and V. All patients included in this study were subjected to the following: Careful history taking, full clinical examination and proper laboratory investigations.

Results
A statistically significant difference was found between CKD stage 4 and stage 5 according to Hb., iron, TIBC, Frerretin, serum and CRP. Also, there was a significant positive correlation of serum hepcidin with serum ferretin and hsCRP, while Hb and iron were significantly negatively correlated with hepcidin. We found statistically significant decrease in Hb level, serum Iron level, and TIBC in CKD stage 5 less than stage 4. We found statistically significant increase in Hepcidin level, serum ferritin, and hsCRP in CKD stage 5 more than stage 4. We found statistically significant Positive correlation between serum hepcidin with serum ferretin among patients with CKD stage 4 and 5. We found statistically significant Positive correlation between serum hepcidin with hsCRP among patients with CKD stage 4 and 5. We found statistically significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin with Hb among patients with CKD stage 4 and 5. A statistically significant Positive correlation between serum hepcidin with serum Iron among patients with CKD stage 4 and 5. Also we reported a statistically non-significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin and TIBC.

Conclusion
Elevated hepcidin can predict the need for parenteral iron to overcome hepcidin-mediated iron-restricted erythropoiesis and need for relatively higher rhEPO doses to suppress hepcidin in CKD patients with negative viral markers.
Correlation of Serum Vitamin D Levels to Vascular Access Dysfunction in Prevalent Hemodialysis
Authors: Abdel Salam Mona Hosny , Jan Farid Reem , Abdelgawad Mostafa Abdelnassier , Youssef Ismail Marwa Salim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vascular access dysfunction in hemodialysis patients has been correlated to low serum vitamin D level in previous studies. Vitamin D deficiency and hepatitis C virus infection have been linked to endothelial cell dysfunction, promoting inflammatory cascade.30 negative - & 30 positive - hepatitis C virus patients on prevalent hemodialysis in Ain Shams University Hospitals, were enrolled in the study. All patients had access blood flow &lt; 800 ml/min. For all patients we performed: complete physical examination, complete blood count, serum ferritin, ESR 1st and 2nd hours, CRP, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio, serum calcium and phosphorus, and serum intact parathyroid hormone. Previous laboratory tests were performed using conventional methods within our hospitals laboratories. Serum vitamin Dlevel was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Access blood flow was measured by Duplex Ultrasound. Vitamin D serum level was &lt; 20 ng/ml within negative and positive groups with no significant difference between them. Vascular access flow was significantly lower within positive patients. Parathyroid hormone, Phosphorus, Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio, Alanine - and Aspartate - transferase were significantly higher within positive patients. We deduced that Vitamin D level &lt; 20ng/ml was associated with reduced vascular access blood flow &lt; 800 ml/min, with much more reduced access flow within hepatitis C virus positive patients.
[Mona Hosny Abdel Salam, Reem Jan Farid, Mostafa Abdelnassier Abdelgawad and Marwa Salim Youssef Ismail. Correlation of Serum Vitamin D Levels to Vascular Access Dysfunction in Prevalent Hemodialysis.
The Significance of “Fractional Excretion of Urea” in The Differential Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Ghaly Sameh Mohamed , Seyam Moataz Serry , Aly Mohamed Osama , Hesham Abdelfattah Ahmed Mohamed , R. Mashaal Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with cirrhosis are more susceptible to develop AKI than the non-cirrhotic individuals. AKI has an estimated prevalence of approximately 20% to 50% among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Physicians caring for patients with cirrhosis should recognize the acute or chronic character of renal disease, the causes of renal injury, the clinical conditions leading concomitantly to AKI and liver dysfunction, and the prognostic factors associated with the progression of AKI. Hypovolemia (due to diuretics, hemorrhage and diarrhea), acute tubular necrosis (ATN), sepsis, nephrotoxic agents (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aminoglycosides and/or radiological contrasts) and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-type 1 are the most common causes of AKI in cirrhotic patients.

Objective
To evaluate the sensitivity of fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) vas a diagnostic biomarker for different causes of acute kidney injury in liver cirrhosis.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted in co-operation between Tropical Medicine Department, Ain-Shams University and the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute between July 2019 to January 2020. It included 70 adult Egyptian patients admitted for treatment of complications of cirrhosis who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and compared to 10 cirrhotic patients without renal impairment. All patients were subjected to; full history taking, thorough clinical examination, laboratory investigations, Child-Pugh score was calculated for admission and urine samples were collected for urinary urea and creatinine levels to calculate FEUrea.

Results
Concerning the gender distribution in this study, male to female percent was 40 (57.10%) males and 30 (42.90%) females for gender, respectively. As regards to the causes of AKI, there were 24 (34.30%) PRA, 7 (10.00%) HRS and 39 (55.70%) ATN for final diagnosis. In the current study, there was significant difference (P = 0.0001; P &lt; 0.05) in FE urea % among PRA, HRS and ATN groups (26.28±2.89, 11.76±3.44, and 47.37±10.53, respectively). Findings showed a higher FEUrea cut-off for ATN (&gt;33%) compared to lower cut-off values for PRA (&lt;33% and &gt;21%) and HRS (&lt;21%).

Conclusion
FEUrea was found to be an excellent simple tool for the differential diagnosis of AKI in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. FEUrea has also proven to be a useful “tubular injury” marker by differentiating ATN from non-ATN with high diagnostic accuracy (Sensitivity and Specificity exceeding &gt;90%). FEUrea was found to be a good alternative and noninvasive tool for differentiating causes of AKI in cirrhotic patients instead of other non-available or expensive markers.
Assessment of Omentin- 1 AS AN Adipokine in obese male and females with and without fatty liver disease
Authors: Ali Marei Makhlouf Mohammed , Gamal Gina , Magdy Ahmad , Ali Mustafa Eid Amal Muatafa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Omentin-1 (intelectin-1) “a new adipokine described in 2003,” acts centrally to modulate the insulin resistance, body weight, and inflammation. However, its role in the liver pathogenesis and in the metabolic consequences of the liver disorders is not fully elucidated.

Aim and objectives
the aim of the study was to assess the relation of serum omentin1 with fatty liver in obese and non-obese

Subjects and methods
This was a comparative case control study was conducted at Ain Shams university hospital. Patients were divided in to two group: Group1: 40 patient 20 patient with fatty liver 10 of them obese and 10 non-obese compared with 20 not have fatty live 10obese and 10 non-obese, group 2. The duration of the study ranges from 6-12 months.

Results
There was statistically significant difference between the four studied subgroups as regard Omentin1 and Apelin. There was statistically significant difference between group A and group B in obese as regard Omentin1 and Apelin.

Conclusion
Omentin-1 might be considered as a protective factor in the evaluation of occurrence of NAFLD, especially in central obese patients. Thus, the measurement of these novel adipokines may contribute to the evaluation of NAFLD occurrence.
Changes in Serum Level of Autotaxin with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Abdelwahab Khaled Mohamed Hussein , Saleh Shereen Abou Bakr , Ahmed Ghada Abdelrahman , Gomaa Mady Asmaa Mady 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus virus is global health burden and major health hazard in Egypt, since the virus is the etiological factor of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for approximately 15%-20% cases of acute hepatitis. After acute infection, around 50% to 80% of HCV patients will develop chronic infection. Approximately, HCV infects 170 million individuals worldwide). Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients are at high risk to develop lifethreatening complications, including cirrhosis in 20% of cases and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to validate Changes in serum level of autotaxin in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after antiviral treatment.

Patients and methods
This study was designed as a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate Changes in serum levels of autotaxin with direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C before (baseline) and after (sustained virologic response week 12) treatment. This prospective study was conducted on 48 chronic HCV infected patients eligible for antiviral treatment with direct acting antivirals, agreeable to regular follow up, recruited from Hepatology and virology outpatient clinic at DMNI (Damanhour Medical National Institute) during the period from September 2018 till Mars 2019.

Results
This study showed that Autotaxin level significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks post-treatment. ATX therefore represents a novel non-invasive biomarker for liver fibrosis and a prognostic indicator of disease activity.

Conclusion
Serum Autotaxin was found to be higher in chronic hepatitis c and ATX levels became significantly decreased from baseline to 12 weeks post-treatment with direct acting antiviral drugs in patients achieving a SVR.
Usefulness of AF Lactoferrin Levels in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis to Diagnose Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Youssef Tarek Mohamed , Khyal Ahmed El Saady Mohmmed , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Poles Elary Abdel Maseeh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cirrhosis represents the final common histological pathway for a wide variety of chronic liver diseases. Occurrence of ascites is the most common presentation of liver cirrhosis. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is observed in 15–26% of patients hospitalized with ascites.

Objectives
The aims of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of AF lactoferrin for the diagnosis of SBP and to identify a clinically useful cut-off level that can be used for future development of an important clinical, economic and time saving rapid bedside test for the diagnosis of SBP in cirrhotic ascites.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 40 patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and ascites with and without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis admitted to Nasser institute for researches and treatment Hospital and Internal Medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University from November 2017 to April 2018.

Results
Females were affected more than males by SBP, SBP has higher incidence in elderly compared to control group, no significant difference between studied groups regards to risk factors and Child class, HCV infection was the main etiology of liver cirrhosis in both groups while HBV infection was much less common with no significant difference between studied groups. Patients in SBP group showed positive reaction to CRP compared to control group with significant difference between them. No statistical significant differences between studied groups regards to abdominal ultrasonographic findings. Liver enzymes (ALT) and ALP were higher in SBP patients compared to non SBP patients with significant difference between them. SBP patients have higher TLC and lower MCV and platelets count compared to non SBP patients with significant difference between them. No statistical significant difference between studied groups regards to INR, Hb and MCH values.

Conclusion
Outcomes of our study provide evidence of the clinical usefulness of AF lactoferrin levels in patients with cirrhosis to differentiate those with and without SBP.
Comparison of echocardiographic parameters during long and short interdialytic intervals in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Abdelazim Abdelbassit Shaarawy , Mahmoud Badawy Labeeb , Ahmed Fatma Abdelrahman , Ali Ibrahim Hoda Gamal Eldin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD). Most HD patients follow the typical schedule of three sessions per week, and thus remain outside dialysis for two short intervals (∼ 2 days in duration) and for a longer interval (∼3 days) at the end of each week. There is a link between the long interdialytic interval and worsened cardiovascular outcomes but few studies have examined the underlying mechanisms

Objective
To compare changes in echocardiographic parameters during the 2- day (short) and 3day (long) interdialytic intervals of prevalent HD patients.

Patients and Methods
The study involved 30 stable prevalent HD patients on thrice weekly regimen. Echocardiography was done before and after the short and long interdialytic interval to study left and right ventricle functions and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. Patients ages ranged between 28 and 75 years with mean age of 56.23±12.31 years (43.4% females and 56.7% males)

Results
Comparison of echocardiographic measurements was done before and after dialysis between the short (2-days) and long (3-day) interdialytic interval groups (Group 1 Vs Group 2). There were no statistically significant differences between left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dimensions, septum affection, ejection fraction, or pulmonary artery pressure. There were statistically highly significant differences among left pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), IVC diameter and interdialytic weight change after dialysis session between the short and the long interdialytic interval patients' groups. The intradialytic weight gain (2.45 ± 1.13 vs 1.19 ± 0.78 kg), IVC diameter (11 ± 2.98 vs 9.62 ± 2.32) and PCWP (11.13 ± 2.3 vs 10.13 ± 1.55) increase were higher during the 3-day versus the 2-day interval (P &lt; 0.001) .

Conclusion
IVC, PCWP and intradialytic weight increase was higher during the 3-day versus the 2-day interval in post dialysis comparison. IVC, PCWP and intradialytic weight gain reflect degree of volume overload and their increase especially after interdialytic interval call for need to evaluate timing and frequency of prescribed HD regimens for some HD patients.
Effect of hepatitis C eradication with DAA on type II diabetes mellitus control as regard insulin resistance & lipid profile
Authors: El sayed Osama Abo El-fotoh , Foda Enas Mahmoud , Mohammed Azza Emam , El sawy Hsnaa Abdel Majeed abd Allah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Patients with chronic hepatitis C have both higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and increased cardiovascular risk compared to never infected people. The patients with chronic HCV infection can have fatty liver, hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia that may cause lipid and lipid protein metabolism disorders.

Objective
To determine the effect of HCV eradication (SVR 12) on type II Diabetic patients as regard insulin resistance & lipid profile.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted at the gastroenterology and hepatology unit, Ain shams university hospital and Ahmed Maher teaching hospital, Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before participating in this study. 100 Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C and type II Diabetes mellitus were recruited and received (sofosbuvir & daclatasvir) for 3 months. patients continue on same antidiabetics all over the study.

Results
The data from the present study provide evidence of an improvement in IR after clearance of HCV by oral DAA regimen. On the basis of these data, it is possible to hypothesize that HCV clearance by DAAs improving IR and reducing stress on beta-cell function prevents or delay the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or metabolic syndrome in chronic HCV infected patients.

Conclusion
The overall data of this study show that glycemic control improves in patients with diabetes after DAA induced SVR. Patients not only have an improvement in HbA1c level after achieving SVR, they are also less likely to require insulin. the viral clearance due to DAA also led to an improvement of glucose metabolism associated with a global worsening of lipid profile. The HCV clearance by DAA treatment reverses or improves IR and reduces stress on beta-cell function by emphasizing the role of HCV in the development of IR and that this result can prevent IR-related pathological conditions such as worsening liver fibrosis, development of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardio-vascular disorders.
Groundwater in New Valley and kidney disease
Authors: Elshinnawy Howaida A , Elsaid Tamer W , Hussein Hussein A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
This study was performed to assess the possible association between groundwater and kidney disease in new valley governorate .

Methods
This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, during the period from August 2018 to January 2019. After obtaining verbal consent from all participants; the general information of each participant was recorded, full history taken and general examination was done for each participant, then urine samples and serum blood samples taken for urine analysis, serum urea and serum creatinine, then estimated glomulurar filtratin rate (eGFR) was calculated for healthy subjects groups using MDRD Equation; after that three different groundwater samples and Nile water sample collected and analyzed for different solutes and heavy metals contents.

Result
Our data suggests that rural community as in Eldakhla; which depends on groundwater supply may affected by more risk of CKD than urban community as in Cairo city, which depends on Nile water supply.

Conclusion
there are increased prevalence of CKD in New Valley governorate and this may be due to groundwater consumption .
Evaluation of plasma M2-Pyruvate Kinase as a novel biomarker in the differentiation between Functional and Organic Colonic Disorders
Authors: Youssef Tarek M , Yousry Wael A , Salama Mohamed M , Ahmed Ahmed E , Awaad Islam A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Differentiating between functional bowel disorders and organic colonic disorders can often be difficult as they may be present with similar symptoms.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma M2-pyruvate kinase level in differentiating functional colonic disorders (e.g: IBS) from organic colonic disorders (e.g: IBD, colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer) and to assess its use as screening tools for inflammatory bowel disease, premalignant and malignant colorectal lesions.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 80 patients who divided into four groups:

Group I
included 20 patients, representing functional bowel disorders (as a control group).

Group II
included 20 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases;

Group III
included 20 patients with colorectal polyps;

Group IV
included 20 patients with colorectal cancer.

Results
The current study showed that plasma M2 - PK can be used to differentiate functional from organic colonic lesions at a cut-off point &gt; 3 U/mL, with 93.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 83.3% NPV. Also, plasma M2-PK can be used to discriminate between benign (colorectal polyp) and malignant colonic lesions (CRC) with a cut-off level of &gt; 12 U/ml, with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 100% NPV. Also, In the present study there was a highly significant + ve correlations between Plasma M2 PK level and CEA as (r = 0.787, p value = 0.000) and their combination can give higher sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
Plasma M2-PK can differentiate between functional and organic colonic disorders as it is more elevated in organic than functional colonic disorders. Also, it is considered a promising rapid noninvasive biomarker for organic colonic disorders early detection and screening to reduce unnecessary endoscopic intervention.