bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Big Data Visualization-Based Scheme for Anomalous Sound Detection of Facilities
Authors: Talmoudi Sana , Kanada Tetsuya , Hirata Yasuhisa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to validating the scalability and generalization of our previously proposed "machinery failure predictive scheme". Our aim is to have a generic core technology to provide a solution applicable in industry that is low-cost and low-intrusive. Background: In our previous works, we proposed an unsupervised predictive scheme combining the use of full spectrum of vibration / audio data and data visualization techniques. We then proposed a real time data tracker (RTDT) and we applied our proposal on vibration data of bearings. In this paper, we are applying our predictive scheme on a facility (composite system) rather than a specific mechanical component (singular system). We chose to apply our proposal on the MIMII dataset as it was used in task 2 of the DCASE 2020 challenge for the detection of anomalous sounds given normal data only. Methodology: We adopted two approaches: (1) the same scheme used in our application on bearing vibration data and (2) with a slightly modified approach where we apply a high pass filter (HPF) on the audio data to reduce the effect of the background noise. To effectively evaluate the accuracy of our scheme in detecting and recognizing anomalous sounds, we are comparing our results to the performance of the baseline system proposed by the organizers of the challenge as well as the results from the 40 participating teams. For the evaluation, we used the same metrics used in the challenge: the area under the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and the partial AUC (pAUC). Results: We obtained satisfactory values of AUC and pAUC compared to the related works. We also outperformed the baseline system in 13 out of 16 machines in terms of AUC and 15 out of 16 machines in terms of pAUC. Merits: Compared to the current related works, our "machinery failure predictive scheme" is featured by 0-training, and no complex preprocessing or de-noising techniques. Furthermore, our solution based on our scheme is provided as a white box, users will have the following merits: (1) our solution can be in operation right after a normal data set is obtained usually in a few days and (2) our solution can be built into conventional operation and maintenance systems without advanced background in artificial intelligence or data science.
The MMX Rover:&nbsp;Performing in-situ Surface Investigations on&nbsp;Phobos
Authors: Michel Patrick , Ulamec Stephan , Boettger Ute , Grott Matthias , Murdoch Naomi , Vernazza Pierre , Sunday Cecily , Zhang Yun , Valette Rudy , Castellani Romain , Biele Jens , Tardivel Simon , Groussin Olivier , Jorda Laurent , Knollenberg Joerg , Grundmann Jan Thimo , Arrat Denis , Pont Gabriel , Mary Stéphane , Grebenstein Markus , Miyamoto Hirdy , Nakamura Tomoki , Wada Koji , Yoshikawa Kent , Kuramoto Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Japanese MMX sample return mission to Phobos by JAXA will carry a Rover developed by CNES and DLR that will be deployed on Phobos to perform in-situ analysis of the Martian moon's surface properties. Past images of the surface of Phobos show that it is covered by a layer of regolith. However, the mechanical and compositional properties of this regolith are poorly constrained. In particular nothing is known regarding the particle sizes, their chemical composition, the packing density of the regolith as well as other frictional parameters and surface dynamics from current remote images. Understanding the properties and dynamics of the regolith in the low-gravity environment of Phobos is important to trace back its history and surface evolution. Moreover, this information is also important to support the interpretation of data obtained by instruments onboard the main spacecraft and to minimize the risks involved in the sampling by the spacecraft. The instruments onboard the Rover are an infrared radiometer (miniRad), a Raman spectrometer (RAX), two cameras looking forwards for navigation and science purposes (NavCams), and two cameras observing the flow of regolith around the rover wheels (WheelCams). The Rover will be deployed before the sampling of Phobos' surface by MMX spacecraft and will be the first rover driving on a Martian moon and in a low-gravity environment.
The Predictive Power of Serum Vitamin D for Poor Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Derakhshanian Hoda , Rastad Hadith , Ghosh Sanjoy , Zeinali Marjan , Khoeini Tara , Farrokhpour Mohsen , Qorbani Mostafa , Ghamsari Mona Ramezani , Hasani Hossein , Mirzaasgari Zahra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and its relationship with immune response to viral infections, this study attempted to identify the predictive power of serum vitamin D for poor outcomes among the COVID-19 patients.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized between 20 February 2020 and 20 April 2020 at a designated COVID-19 hospital, located in Tehran province, Iran. General characteristics, medical history, and clinical symptoms were recorded by trained physicians. Blood parameters including complete blood count, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and vitamin D were tested. Results: This study included 290 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (the mean age (SD): 61.6 (16.9), 56.6% males), of whom 142 had vitamin D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml, defined as vitamin D deficiency. COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to die (Crude OR (95% CI): 2.30 (1.25-4.26)), require ICU care (2.06 (1.22-3.46)) and invasive mechanical ventilation (2.03 (1.04-3.93)) based on univariate logistic regression results. However, after adjusting for potentials confounders such as gender and age, the association between vitamin D and need to invasive mechanical ventilation lost its significance.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a predictor of poor outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, checking serum 25 (OH) D on admission and taking vitamin D supplements according to the prophylactic or treatment protocols is recommended for all COVID-19 patients.
A Solid-State NMR Study of the Antibacterial Drug Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Authors: Dey Krishna , Ghosh Manasi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of various molecular moieties of cefpodoxime proxetil is described by measuring Chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor, spin-lattice relaxation time and molecular correlation time at twenty one crystallographically different carbon nuclei sites. Cefpodoxime proxetil molecule is associated with three rings, the aminothiazole ring, β-lactam ring, and the dihydrothiazine ring, which provide stability to the drug molecule towards β-lactamases and increase the affinity of the drug to PBPs receptors. A large variation of CSA parameters and motional degrees of freedom are observed among carbon nuclei reside on these three rings, which implies that the electronic environment, molecular conformation, and molecular dynamics are altered substantially within the ring. The substitution at the C7 position of the β-lactam ring (like acyl side chain, oxime group, and aminothiazole ring) is responsible for semi-synthetic incorporation. It also influences the antibacterial activity and the binding affinity of the drug with β-lactamase. A huge variation of the spin-lattice relaxation time and molecular correlation time is observed in this region. These types of description of the structure-activity relationship of the antibacterial drug cefpodoxime proxetil will be beneficial for developing the advanced antibacterial drugs, and it will also be useful in NMR crystallography.
Incidence of Home Delivery Among Women Living With HIV&nbsp;in Lira, Northern Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Napyo Agnes , Tylleskär Thorkild , Mukunya David , Tumuhamye Josephine , Ndeezi Grace , Arach Anna Ojok , Waako Paul , Tumwine James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionFacility delivery is one of the interventions recommended in the context of HIV to reduce on the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Home delivery has been associated with mother-to-child transmission of HIV and remains high among HIV-infected women. Predictors for home delivery in the context of HIV have not been fully studied and understood in Northern Uganda. We therefore aimed to find out the incidence and risk factors for home delivery among women living with HIV in Lira, Northern Uganda. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted between August 2018 and January 2020 in Lira district, Northern Uganda. A total of 505 HIV infected women were enrolled and followed up at delivery. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographic, reproductive-related and HIV-related characteristics. Data was analysed using Stata version 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.). We estimated adjusted risk ratios using Poisson regression models to ascertain risk factors for home delivery.Results The incidence of home delivery among women living with HIV was 6.9% (95%CI: 4.9% - 9.5%). Women who were most likely to deliver at home were single mothers (adjusted risk ratio = 4.39, 95%CI: 1.68 – 11.42). Women who experienced night time onset of labour (adjusted risk ratio =0.4, 95%CI: 0.18 – 0.87) and women who were adherent to their ART were more likely to deliver in the hospital (adjusted risk ratio=0.33, 95%CI: 0.13 – 0.86). Conclusion HIV infected women most likely to deliver at home were single mothers. Women whose labour started at night and those who were adherent to their ART were more likely to deliver in the hospital. We recommend intensified counselling on birth planning and preparedness in the context of HIV and PMTCT especially for single women and those not adherent to their ART.
Intralesional injection of Rose Bengal augments the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy against pancreatic tumors
Authors: Innamarato Patrick , Morse Jennifer , Mackay Amy , Asby Sarah , Beatty Matthew , Blauvelt Jamie , Kidd Scott , Mullinax John , Sarnaik Amod , Pilon-Thomas Shari 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Chemotherapy regimens that include the utilization of gemcitabine are the standard of care in pancreatic cancer patients. However, most patients with advanced pancreatic cancer die within the first 2 years after diagnosis, even if treated with standard of care chemotherapy. This study aims to explore combination therapies that boost the efficacy of standard of care regimens in pancreatic cancer patients.
Methods

In this study, we used PV-10, a 10% solution of rose bengal, to induce the death of human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. Murine in vivo studies were carried out to examine the effectiveness of the direct injection of PV-10 into syngeneic pancreatic tumor cells in causing lesion-specific ablation. Intralesional PV-10 treatment was combined with systemic gemcitabine treatment in tumor-bearing mice to investigate the control of growth among treated tumors and distal untreated tumors. The involvement of the immune-mediated clearance of tumors was examined in immunogenic tumor models that express ovalbumin (OVA).
Results

In this study, we demonstrate that the injection of PV-10 into mouse pancreatic tumors caused lesion-specific ablation. We show that the combination of intralesional PV-10 with the systemic administration of gemcitabine caused lesion-specific ablation and delayed the growth of untreated distal tumors. We observed that this treatment strategy was markedly more successful in immunogenic tumors that express the neoantigen, OVA, suggesting that the combination therapy enhanced the immune clearance of tumors. Moreover, the regression of tumors in mice that received PV-10 in combination with gemcitabine was associated with the depletion of splenic CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and increases in damage associated molecular patterns HMGB1, S100A8, and IL-1α.
Conclusions

These results demonstrate that intralesional therapy with PV-10 can enhance the efficacy gemcitabine against pancreatic tumors.
Cortical Stroke Produces Secondary Injury and Long-lasting Gliosis in the Ipsilateral Thalamus
Authors: Kim Gab Seok , Stephenson Jessica , Mamun Abdullah Al , Wu Ting , Goss Monica , Min Jia-Wei , Li Jun , Liu Fudong , Marrelli Sean 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Remote secondary injury in the thalamus has been observed following cortical infarct, however the mechanisms are not well understood. We used the distal MCAO stroke model (pdMCAO) to explore the cellular and temporal gliosis response in secondary thalamic injury in mice. At 3 days post-stroke (PSD3), primary infarct was limited to the cortex, with no infarct in the thalamus. However, at 2 weeks after stroke (PSD14), the ipsilateral thalamus demonstrated degenerating and severely damaged neurons. Staining for GFAP (astrogliosis) or IBA-1 (microgliosis) was first apparent in the ipsilateral thalamus by PSD3, and showed a progressive increase through PSD14. The number of activated microglia was increased within the thalamus at PSD14, reflecting proliferation of resident microglia as well as infiltration of peripheral monocytes. Interestingly, astrogliosis within the thalamus was enduring, as it was still evident at two years post-stroke. Furthermore, the astrogliosis at two years (but not at 6 weeks) demonstrated glial scar-like characteristics. Lastly, we demonstrated that post-stroke treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine) reduces gliosis in the thalamus at PSD14. These findings highlight the development of lasting secondary injury in the thalamus following cortical stroke and support the value of memantine treatment in the mitigation of this injury.
A Crisis within a Crisis: An Assessment of COVID-19 Attitude and Practice among Syrians - A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bakkar Batoul , Mohsen Fatema , Armashi Humam , Marrawi Marah , Aldaher Nizar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 has overwhelmed public healthcare systems worldwide, exacted substantial economic burden, and forced governments to impose partial or complete lockdowns of entire countries with stringent infection control measures to curb the spread of the virus. This study aimed to reflect the Syrian public’s adherence to infection control measures by assessing their attitude and practice during this outbreak embedded within the war in Syria.Methods: This web-based cross-sectional study was distributed randomly in March 2020, nearly 11 years into the Syrian war crisis. The survey consists of 3 sections: socio-demographic characteristics, attitude, and practice. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with good practice, and negative attitude. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0.Results: Of the 3586 participants, 68.2% were females, 50.8% were unemployed, and 79.2% were college-educated. Only 1402(39.1%) participants were wearing face masks when leaving their homes. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender, age, and residence were factors associated with good practice towards avoiding mass gatherings, wearing face masks, and maintaining a 1-meter interpersonal distance; however, age and occupation were factors associated with a negative attitude towards the closure of universities and schools, travel ban, and quarantine for travelers.Conclusion: This survey sheds light on the need for multiple measures to address targeted populations; there must be a specialized method of prevention for each occupation, age group, and place of residence to prevent the outbreak of COVID-19.
Association Between Osteoarthritis and Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Wei-Hung , Tan Tian-Hoe , Ho Chung-Han , Chen Yi-Chen , Hsu Chien-Chin , Lin Hung-Jung , Wang Jhi-Joung , Huang Chien-Cheng , Chiu Yen-wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) may increase urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults. However, this issue remains unclear.Methods: We identified 8599 older patients (≥65 years) with OA, and an equal number of older patients without OA, matched by age, sex, and index date from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2001 and 2005. Past histories, including UTI and underlying comorbidities, were included in the analyses. Comparisons for any UTI, ≥1 hospitalization for UTI, and ≥3 hospitalizations for UTI between the two cohorts by following up until 2015 were performed.Results: In both cohorts, the percentages of age subgroups were 65–74 years (65.7%), 75–84 years (30.1%), and ≥85 years (4.2%). The male sex was 42.4%. Patients with OA had an increased risk of any UTI compared with those without OA after adjusting for all past histories (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64–1.80). The Kaplan–Meier curve and log-rank test showed that OA increased any UTI (p <.001). Compared with patients without OA, patients with OA also had an increased risk of ≥1 hospitalization for UTI and ≥3 hospitalizations for UTI (AHR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06–1.19 and AHR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.13−1.38, respectively). In addition to OA, older age, female sex, history of UTI, benign prostatic hyperplasia, indwelling urinary catheter, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, dementia, and urolithiasis were independent predictors for any UTI.Conclusions: OA increased UTI in older adults. We suggest appropriately managing OA and controlling underlying comorbidities to prevent subsequent UTI.
Galectin-3 in the Gut-liver axis Regulates Autistic-like Behaviors by Mechanism Associated with Cerebral Shank-3+ cell Niches in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Lemos Felipe , Prins Caio , Carpi-Santos Raul , Waclawiak Ingrid , Santos Sofia , Bernardes Emerson , Peça João , Martinez Ana , Benjamim Cláudia , Luisetto Roberto , Mello-Coelho Valéria , Chammas Roger , Oliveira Felipe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Galectin-3 stabilizes cell-cell junctions and regulates inflammatory pathways in the gut-liver axis. Galectin-3 knockout (Lgals3−/−) mice have atypical behaviors by obscure mechanisms. Given that BALB/c mice naturally develop low-sociability, stereotypies and restrict interest, they have been included as autism experimental model. Our major aims were to investigate whether galectin-3 in the gut-liver axis interferes with autistic-like behaviors analyzing BALB/c Lgals3−/− mice or under partial inhibition of galectin-3 oral intake of cow’s milk for 7 days. Behavioral patterns were assessed using a three-chambers test, open field, and self-grooming. Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry (Galectin-3, NOS-2, Iba-1, Ki-67, Dll-4, Shank-3, Synaptophysin and Drebrin) were performed in gut, liver, and/or brain. Lgals3−/− mice amplified stereotypies, social retraction and restrict interest associated with reduction of cerebral Shank-3+ cells. In Lgals3+/+ mice, cow’s milk intake also amplified atypical behaviors, reduced galectin-3 in enterocytes and Kupffer cells, and disturbed niches of intestinal KI67+ and Dll-4+ cells and hepatic NOS2+ cells. In the brain of milk-treated mice, Iba-1+ microglial cells and NOS2+ Purkinje cells were increased whereas Shank-3+ and Drebrin+Synaptophysin+ cells were reduced suggesting, for the first time, that galectin-3 interferes with autistic behavior. Perhaps, a perspective to new therapies in genetically predisposed individuals to atypical behaviors.
Assessing the Stress of Surgeons and Surgical Residents Using a Wearable Smart Device
Authors: Kim Jin Joo , Lee Chul Seung , Koh Wooree , Bae Jung Hoon , Han Seung rim , Lee In kyu , Lee Do sang , Lee Yoon Suk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although surgeon is one of the most stressful professions, only few studies have attempted to evaluate surgeons’ stress using impractical methods. Meanwhile, many wearable devices have been introduced in the health-care market. This study aimed to assess surgeons’ stress using a wearable device. Data were collected from 13 participants from June to September 2019. We checked level of stress, heart rate (HR) using Vivosmart4 (Garmin, Schaffhausenm, Switzerland) at rest and perioperatively, and also checked their perioperative self-perceived stress using the short-form State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The perioperative stress level and HR significantly increased compared with resting state (stress level: 28.6 ± 18.2 at rest vs. 49.6 ± 25.5 before surgery vs. 55.1 ± 25.5 after surgery, p < 0.001; HR: 81.1 ± 6.2 at rest vs. 85.0 ± 11.5 before surgery vs. 85.0 ± 12.2 after surgery, p = 0.001). Scores on the short-form STAI significantly decreased after surgery (12.6 ± 4.9 before surgery vs. 11.7 ± 3.6 after surgery, p = 0.001). Stress level at rest was significantly higher among fellows and residents compared with professors (fellows: 40.7 ± 15.3 vs. residents: 29.9 ± 12.0 vs. professors: 13.2 ± 7.3, p < 0.001). We assessed surgeons’ stress using a smart device and demonstrated that surgery significantly increased stress. The level of stress was higher among fellows and residents compared with professors.
Same-Day Versus Next-Day Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert Administration for Inflammation and Pain Control Following Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Foster Brian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The dexamethasone 0.4mg intracanalicular insert (Dextenza, Ocular Therapeutix, Bedford, MA) is approved for control of postoperative pain and inflammation following ocular surgery. This study compared pain and inflammation resolution following phacoemulsification in eyes that received the insert immediately postoperatively versus the next day.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of existing electronic health records. Consecutive qualifying eyes were included for analysis. All patients received perioperative antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain and inflammation were assessed at baseline and on postoperative days 1, 7, and 30. Pain was assessed by dichotomous patient report (present/absent). Anterior chamber cell (0, 0.5+, 1-4+) and flare (0-4+) were graded using the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature rubric. Results: Data from 17 eyes of 17 subjects were analyzed; 8 received the insert immediately postoperative and 9 in the office the next day. In both groups, trace cell was present in all eyes at day 1 and had resolved in all but 1 eye in each group at days 7 and 30. Flare was absent in all eyes at every time point, and transient pain was reported in a single same-day eye on day 7. No insert-related adverse events were observed, and no eyes required rescue corticosteroid therapy or insert removal.Conclusion: Similar rates of inflammation and pain resolution after phacoemulsification were achieved with the dexamethasone intracanalicular insert placed either immediately postoperatively or the next day. These findings expand options for insert use to offer surgeons and patients greater flexibility in developing perioperative pain and inflammation control strategies.