bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Key Processes of Plastic Stamping and Forming Machinery Manufacturing Based on CAD Technology
Authors: Jin Dunshui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper adopts the parametric modeling technology of SolidWorks software, introduces CAE-driven design ideas in the stamping process, and realizes the parametric association and process of the blank grid and the tool grid based on the parametric tool grid model of the triangular face The parametric correlation between the parameters and the parametric correlation between the design model and the analysis model ensure that the product design, process design and forming simulation model are updated simultaneously, and the parametric CAE analysis and the true seamless integration of CAD/CAE are realized. By establishing a unified design and simulation model, the system avoids surface loss and accuracy loss caused by model data exchange between traditional CAE software and CAD platform. Through the parametric application of the forming simulation of the automobile bumper produced by an enterprise, and the comparison between the simulation results and the experimental results, the practicability and accuracy of the system are verified.
Research on Temperature Change of Reflow Furnace Based On Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Chen Hao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After referring to many documents, this article comprehensively considers various heat transfer methods, analyzes the heat transfer process of welded components, and establishes a temperature field distribution model based on one-dimensional transient heat transfer equation by ignoring some irrelevant conditions, and useing the finite difference method. We solve it and apply it to the optimization of furnace temperature curve. Due to the many types of reflow furnaces, this article mainly considers hot-air reflow furnaces. The heating methods are mainly heat convection and heat conduction, ignoring heat radiation. The welding area is established by the transient heat transfer equation. The temperature field distribution model is established, and the initial conditions and thermal boundary conditions are determined. Related heat transfer analysis is done for the front area, back area and gap areas. Finally, through the experimental data and the idea of least squares, the parameters of the electronic devices used in this experiment are obtained, and it also provides an idea to check whether the relevant parameters of the experimental materials are accurate. In order to make it easier for the staff to operate, this article proposes a method to find the maximum speed of conveyor belt, which has great practical significance.
Short-term Transmission Line load and State Evaluation method based on improved gradient lifting Stochastic Forest algorithm
Authors: Peng Xie , Yuanchuan Duan , Da Zhang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to accurately predict the short-term load change of power system and provide guidance for the safe, economical and efficient operation of power system, a power system load forecasting method which combines fuzzy clustering and random forest regression algorithm is proposed. the rough set is used to construct compensation rules to modify and compensate the prediction results. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the state of overhead transmission lines, the state quantity system of overhead transmission lines containing 79 state variables is constructed based on the state variables selected by 8 units of the lines and the state quantities of special cases. In the random forest regression prediction, the same kind of data after clustering is used as the training set sample to construct the decision tree. Considering that the stochastic forest regression prediction is conservative and the power system load fluctuates greatly at the peak, the rough set theory is used to generate compensation rules to modify the load forecasting. Accurate state evaluation of overhead transmission lines in the power grid can effectively reduce the failure rate and improve the power supply performance of the system. Finally, an example is given to analyze the actual data of 66 kV voltage grade overhead transmission lines in a city. The results show that the accurate evaluation of the state of overhead transmission lines can be realized by using this method, so as to provide decision support for the operation and regulation of regional power grid.
Research and Discussion on Welding Mechanism of Reflow Furnace
Authors: Wang Youyou , Zhang Na , Yang Shichong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The flexible grasp of automatic welding technology is very important for the production of electronic products such as integrated circuit board, and the most critical step is to accurately control the temperature of the welding area. This paper will establish the mechanism model of the influence of the temperature of each temperature zone of the reflow furnace and the speed of the conveyor belt on the temperature of the welding area through the relevant thermodynamic theory, so as to help the relevant electronic product manufacturers to accurately control the temperature of the welding area. The mechanism model of temperature change in the center of welding area is established, and the heat transfer process is divided into three steps. Firstly, according to the temperature field of the air in the furnace, the air temperature corresponding to the gap in the small temperature zone is determined, and then the heat convection process between the air temperature in the furnace and the surface of the welding area is described by using Newton’s cooling law. Finally, Fourier law is used to study the heat conduction process in the welding area.
Microcomputer Energy Saving Control System for Electric Vehicles Under Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nie Yongtao , Dong Cui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Faced with the problem of dwindling oil resources and increasingly strict automobile exhaust emission standards, the advantages of pure electric vehicles in energy saving and emission reduction have become more and more prominent compared with traditional fuel vehicles. However, in view of the current development scale of the pure electric vehicle market, there are still many deficiencies in the aspects of power density, cycle service life and replacement cost. This paper mainly studies the microcomputer energy saving control system of electric vehicle under the background of artificial intelligence. In this paper, the STM32F103 series chip is used as the main control chip of the battery energy management system. Then according to the requirements of the subject of each module circuit design, forming a complete battery energy management system circuit design. In this paper, the designed electric vehicle energy management system has been tested. The test results show that the electric vehicle battery energy management system has perfect function, sTable operation, and can realize the energy management of electric vehicle battery pack. It can accurately predict the state of charge of electric vehicle lithium battery, and effectively improve the battery performance of electric vehicle lithium battery, and achieve the effect of energy saving.
Cooperative Operation Mechanism of Multi-Energy Microgrids Based on Nash Bargaining Method
Authors: Shuai Xuanyue , Wang Xiuli , Guo Hui , Ma Zhicheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the increasing openness of the electricity sales side of the electricity market, different stakeholders can improve economic benefits through cooperative operation. Aiming at a type of multi-energy microgrid with electricity-heat coupling, this paper proposes a multi-microgrid operating mechanism based on cooperative game. Taking the operating cost of each microgrid’s transaction with the distribution network as the breaking point of the negotiation, the Nash bargaining method is used to solve the electric energy transaction volume and revenue transfer between each microgrid, so that the operating cost of each microgrid reaches the Pareto optimal. The total operating cost of all microgrids is minimized. Taking into account the non-convexity of Nash bargaining solution, the bargaining equilibrium problem is converted into two sub-problems and solved with the Yalmip-Ipopt tool. Finally, we proves the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper by simulation, and provides a reference scheme for the cooperative operation mechanism of multiple microgrids.
East Transbaikal zeolite production: Potential and integrated Ecological safety
Authors: Razmakhnin KK 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The author discusses resource potential of zeolite-bearing rocks in East Transbaikal with regard to geoecological safety of mining and processing. The role of climate in the environmental impact of zeolite production is identified. Potential activities aimed to reduce anthropogenic load on the environment are proposed.
Stress–strain analysis of crack-weakened piecewise uniform rock blocks
Authors: Krasnovskii AA 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The author undertakes the stress–strain analysis of a crack-weakened piecewise homogenous rock block. The relations for estimating stresses and displacements at the whole boundary of the rock block, at the edges of the crack, at the line of continuation of the crack and at the interfaces between the layers of rocks with different properties inside the block are presented. The numerical algorithm is constructed. The research findings prove the complex structure of the stress–strain state and the dependence of the solution on many input parameters.
Limit load in the problem on penetration of wedge-shaped tool in anisotropic medium
Authors: Chanyshev AI , Abdulin IM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The mathematical model of plastic deformation in an initially anisotropic medium assumes that principal directions of strain in elasticity remain principal directions of strain in plasticity and fracture as well. The modeling considers penetration of a bit represented by a cylindrical tool with a wedge-shaped tip. The maximal penetration depth of the bit is calculated at the preset initial rate of penetration. The influence of the anisotropy of the medium and the bit parameters on the bit penetration depth is studied.
New Materials Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene and Modified Filling Materials in Mining Industry
Authors: Isakova TA , Petrova PN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Investigation into properties of polymer composite materials based on polytetrafluoroethylene and natural zeolites modified with F-42 and F-2M fluoroplastics is proposed in the present paper. It is shown that different zeolite modification techniques govern performance of composites. In the mechanical activation process a small amount of F-2M bearing filler improves Young’s modulus and relative tensile elongation of composites under rupture by 20-50%. Introduction of F-2M modified filler in amount of 5% by weight provides 380-fold increase in durability as compared to polytetrafluoroethylene. F-42 fluoroplastic used as a modifier of zeolite enables to gain 2-2.75-fold lower plastic yield of composites. The present research findings make it possible to consider the composites as promising materials in the mining industry.
Mechanochemical brown coal destructuring to produce humic species
Authors: Moskalenko TV , Mikheev VA , Vorsina EV 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research data on the mechanical destruction of brown coal in the presence of an oxidizing agent are reported in the present paper. The study object is brown coal specimens with high (more than 30%) and low (less than 10%) initial contents of humic acids. The mechanochemical oxidation efficiency was evaluated by a change in the inorganic component content and in the yield of humic acids as the organic component in the ash composition. Hydrochloric acid solutions of 1-5% concentration were used as an oxidizing agent. Oxidation was considered and carried out as a raw material pretreatment with its subsequent processing to produce humic species, mechanical activation was introduced into the flowsheet for brown coal processing in view to foster interaction between solid particles and the reagent. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of this process in terms of both increasing the yield of humic acids, and reducing the ash content in the prepared coal.
Improvement of a hot water producing system in a chili sauce
Authors: Phayom Warachit , Bamrungcharoen Jakkaphan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn Udon Thani Province (Thailand), Mahachai Food is a small-sized food processor that manufactures and distributes chili sauce to the local market. The manufacturer is faced with various problems in its production facility. A significant problem was in its hot water system. The system required workers to transfer hot water by buckets. Also, its energy costs were quite high. Thus, this research aims to upgrade the manufacturer’s hot water production system. In doing so, the investigator designed vessels and LPG stoves that preheated the water by solar flat plate collectors and implemented a water transfer system using a pipe system. The results are as follows: 1) Water transfer required only one-third of the original time. This reduced the need for workers from four persons to just one. It also helped increase safety in the workplace since the potential of human exposure to hot water was greatly reduced. 2) The efficiency of the hot water producing system was increased. 3) The cost of energy-producing hot water was reduced.
Thermal performance of heat pump dryer using R32 as refrigerant.
Authors: Ponwapee P. , Somsila P. , Teeboonma U. , Namkhat A. , Pumchumpol S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the performance of heat pump dryer using refrigerant R32 and ginger was selected as testing material. The experiments were conducted under conditions; drying temperature of 45, 50, and 55 °C and air velocity of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ms-1. Drying rate, the specific moisture extraction rate, the specific energy consumption, and the coefficient of performance of heat pump were tested. The results revealed that the increment of drying temperature or air velocity resulted in increment of drying rate, power of heat pump dryer, and specific moisture extraction rate whilst specific energy consumption decreased. Additionally, it was revealed that drying temperature or air velocity did not affect the coefficient of performance of the heat pump.
Analyzing esterification kinetics of model bio-oil with ethanol catalyzed by a green catalyst
Authors: Prasertpong Prapaporn , Tippayawong Nakorn 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a potential method for the production of bio-oils as a renewable liquid fuel. Bio-oils contain a large number of organic compounds, particularly carboxylic acids, which cause corrosiveness and instability that are troublesome for storage and for the transportation of fuel. Upgrading is an important process to transform bio-oils into high-quality biofuels. Contained organic acids are treated with alcohol to convert them into esters by esterification which may be considered as a good intermediate bio-oil upgrading method. This work presents a kinetic study for 12-tungstosilicic acid (a type of heteropoly acid, HPA) catalyzed esterification of a model bio-oil with ethanol. The main compound of the agro-residue-derived bio-oil was illustrated by oleic acid. The kinetic study was investigated under the molar ratio between ethanol to oleic acid of 9.11:1 and catalyst loading of 10 wt% condition with the varied reaction temperature in the range of 35-75°C. The result showed that a pseudo-first-order was suitable to represent the kinetic model for esterification of the model bio-oil. By fitting between the experimental results and kinetic model, the activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential factor (A) were found to be 31.5 kJ/mol and 432 min−1, respectively. This comparatively low activation energy equated to other catalytic esterification proved that the HPA catalyst (12-tungstosilicic acid) considered here was an assured green catalyst for esterification in the bio-oil upgrading process.
Design and fabrication of a solar-dish concentrator with 2-axis solar tracking system
Authors: Savangvong Pongnarin , Silpsakoolsook Banterng , Kwankoameng Sutapat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an economical parabolic solar collector including design analysis, fabrication, and testing of the solar concentrator with a dual-axis solar tracking system. The design goals of the solar dish are high concentrating temperature and power density but low weight and cost. To achieve a high-efficiency dish, minimizing loss is important therefore the design focuses on high reflectability, low heat absorption with an optimum dish profile. The dish is a parabolic shape with two layers of different materials. Three reflector materials, an emergency blanket, PET-Mirror, and Mirror are introduced on the top layer as the solar reflectance. The second layer, fiberglass that is lightweight, easy to shape up in various features, and cheap, is used as a dish structure. The dish is installed with a 2-axis solar tracking system and supported by a steel column. The ¼ inch copper tube is coiled as a receiver. The receiver is placed at the focal point of the solar dish. To evaluate the heat at the focal point, water is pumped through the receiver coil to absorb the heat from the focal point. The heat output of the solar dish is calculated from the temperature difference of the water inlet and outlet of the receiver coil. The temperature at the focal point was presented along with the heat power output, and solar dish efficiency.
A comparative study of equivalent circuit models for a Li-ion battery pack of an electric Tuk-Tuk
Authors: Rajchapanupat Natcha , Poramapojana Poowanart 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents developments and validations of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery cell and battery pack models. A 7.4 kWh NMC battery pack is installed on an electric Tuk-Tuk equipped with a 3 kW motor. The battery pack is configured of four cells connected in parallel and 20 sets of the four cells connected in series. Based on the first-order and the second-order equivalent circuit models, battery cell and battery pack models are developed in Matlab/Simulink environment. For parameter identifications of the cell model, pulse discharge tests are performed at room temperature with 10% State of Charge (SOC) interval. The lumped heat capacitance method is applied to the battery models. The battery cell model is validated with SOC, cell center temperatures and terminal voltage using the experimental data of constant current discharge tests. With the battery pack configuration, the battery cell model is scaled up to match the battery pack voltage and its capacity. The dynamics of the battery pack models are validated with the vehicle testing data using the no-load, wide-open throttle and real road tests. The simulation results show good agreement with the test data. Using the developed battery models, vehicle performance and its energy consumption can be improved by optimizing battery cell and pack configurations.
A fuzzy controller for two energy storage management system in electric bicycle
Authors: Pera P. , Masomtob M. , Intano W. , Kaewpradap A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an energy management system for an electric bicycle that runs in local community in Thailand. Fuzzy logic technique is applied in this system to control supercapacitor and battery management according to the demand of load power. The load of the electric bicycle depends on speed of each driving cycle. Mamdani-based fuzzy logic controller is selected to control the ratio of output between supercapacitor and lead acid battery. Fuzzy logic controller aims to reduce battery usage during peak current occured from the electric bicycle and passes speed bump in order to extend the lead acid battery life time.
Fuzzy-based potential field collision avoidance technique for unmanned surface vehicles
Authors: Tanakitkorn Kantapon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Collision avoidance is a crucial part of the autonomous operation of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV), especially in a dynamic environment. This work presents a fuzzy-based potential field algorithm for collision prevention when a USV encounters an obstacle, either moving or static. Two types of repulsive potential functions are employed. The Gaussian repulsive potential is applied to repel the own ship (OS) away from the target ship (TS). On the other hand, the vortex potential function is used to smoothly deviate the heading of the OS towards the side that quickly resolves the collision. The fuzzy membership functions and rules are imposed to classify the encounter condition and apply the appropriate potential functions accordingly. Head-on and crossing encounter scenarios are simulated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results have shown that, when the collision is detected, the algorithm is effective in generating the vector field that directs the OS away from the collision path. Once the collision is resolved, the algorithm lets the OS continue the original course.
Parametric study of composite wing box for high altitude platform using finite element analysis
Authors: Thaiprayoon Nontawat , Chalernphon Kittigorn , Somtua Chompunut , Aroonjarattham Panya 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the degree and the number of pile stack between five and six ribs wing box that created from the Eppler 397 Airfoil (e397-il) model. The model was varied three numbers of pile stack and six degrees of angle of pile stack to find the best result for the composite material to construct the High-Altitude Platform (HAP). The thickness of pile was fixed at 0.234 mm. The structure of wing box has the safety of factor 5.7 and receive load 3,052 N. The model was analysed by ABAQUS software to compute the vertical-static such as Tsai-Hill and skin defection that did not exceed 1 for Tsai-hill and 2 mm for skin defection. The results were shown that the wing box had six ribs model with the angle of pile stack as [+45/-45/90/90/0/90/90/-45/+45] was the best model in this research. It had Tsai-Hill 0.030 and skin defection 0.348 mm. The model had more ribs and number of pile stack increase the strength of wing box and the degree of pile stack between the outer and the adjacent layer should be a perpendicular direction.
Study of 3D printing for forming spoke of non-pneumatic tire using finite element method
Authors: Suvanjumrat Chakrit , Rugsaj Ravivat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Over the last decade, non-pneumatic tire (NPT) was developed by replacing air in traditional pneumatic tire with polyurethane (PU) spoke. However, there are some limitations in building complex shape of spokes. Recently, the 3D printing technique has been used to form complex part of real products. Consequently, it can use to build the complex spoke of NPT. This research aimed to study the possibility of using 3D printing technique to build the complex shape of spoke for NPT. This can be done by studying the mechanical properties of 3D printing material suitable for NPT’s spoke. The PU filament was printed into tensile specimens to carry out the stress-strain relationship by using universal testing machine. The finite element (FE) model of NPT was then created using mechanical parameters of the tension result. The vertical stiffness testing on the NPT model was analyzed. The NPT performance to support the vertical load of real NPT and FE model with original material was carried out to compare with the 3D printing model. Furthermore, the advantage and disadvantage including limitation of using 3D printing technique to manufacture the NPT spoke were discussed.