bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative exploration of the dynamics of women’s dietary diversity. How much does economic empowerment matter?
Authors: Onah Michael Nnachebe , Hoddinott John , Horton Susan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjective:This study qualitatively examined dietary diversity among married women of reproductive age who engaged in two socio-economic activities to explore the dynamics of food availability, access, costs and consumption.Design:Qualitative in-depth interviews. The food groups in the Minimum Dietary Diversity for women were used to explore women’s dietary diversity. IDI were used to develop a roster of daily food consumption over a week. We explored food items that were considered expensive and frequency of consumption, food items that women require permission to consume and frequency of permission sought and the role of economic empowerment. Data analysis followed an inductive–deductive approach to thematic analysis.Setting:Rural and peri-urban setting in Enugu State, Nigeria.Participants:Thirty-eight married women of reproductive age across two socio-economic groupings (women who work only at home and those who worked outside their homes) were recruited in April 2019.Results:Economic empowerment improved women’s autonomy in food purchase and consumption. However, limited income restricted women from full autonomy in consumption decisions and access. Consumption of non-staple food items, especially flesh proteins, would benefit from women’s economic empowerment, whereas staple food items would not benefit so much. Dietary diversity is influenced by food production and purchase where factors including seasonal variation in food availability, prices, contextual factors that influence women’s autonomy and income are important determinants.Conclusion:With limited income, agency and access to household financial resources coupled with norms that restrict women’s income earning, women continue to be at risk for not achieving adequate dietary diversity.
Gas hydrate stability zone in Muri coalfield, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: LI Jing , YAO Zheng , ZHAO Hongbo , WANG Zewei 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is the essential condition for gas hydrate accumulation, which is controlled by three main factors: gas component, geothermal gradient and permafrost thickness. Based on the gas component of hydrate samples from drilling in Muri coalfield, the gas hydrate phase equilibrium curve was calculated using Sloan's natural gas hydrate phase equilibrium procedure (CSMHYD) program. Through temperature data processing of coalfield boreholes, some important data such as thickness of permafrost and geothermal gradient were obtained. The GHSZ parameters of a single borehole were calculated by programming based on the above basic data. The average thickness of GHSZ of 85 boreholes in Muri coalfield amounted to approximately 1000 m, indicating very broad space for gas hydrate occurrence. The isogram of GHSZ bottom depth drawn from single borehole data in Muri coalfield demonstrated the regional distribution characteristics of GHSZ, and identified three favourable areas of gas hydrate occurrence where the bottom of GHSZ had a burial depth >1500 m – namely, the southern part of Juhugeng Mining Area, the middle part of Duosuogongma Mining Area and the eastern part of Xuehuoli Mining Area.
Targeted Neuropsychological Screening in the Context of a Pediatric Psychiatry Consultation/Liaison Service
Authors: Bush Lauren , Ohanian Diana M. , Drossos Tina , Afzal Khalid I. , Lichtor Stephanie 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Inpatient neuropsychological screening represents a promising direction for addressing consultation questions directed to pediatric psychiatry consultation/liaison (C/L) providers. Despite the potential of such a service, few studies have directly examined the role of targeted neuropsychological screening on a pediatric psychiatry C/L team. Thus, the primary goals of this paper were to explore the feasibility and utility of brief neuropsychological assessment in the context of a C/L service. Method: We review the literature related to neuropsychological consultation in pediatric medical settings. We provide a clinical case example to illustrate our experience incorporating targeted neuropsychological screening on our pediatric psychiatry C/L service. Results: Targeted screening as part of a psychiatry consultation service has the potential to be informative in patient care. Several existing preventive pediatric care models that include brief assessment are already being used in other pediatric medical settings. Conclusions: Inpatient neuropsychological screening can play a role in integrated care teams when both its strengths and limitations are understood. The incorporation of brief neuropsychological assessment into clinical practice within C/L services represents an important and potentially impactful future direction in both research and clinical care. Implications for Impact Statement Neuropsychological screening as part of a psychiatry consultation service has the potential to be informative for patient care. There are many existing preventive pediatric care models that include brief assessment in other medical settings. This paper reviews the relevant literature and provides a clinical case example to illustrate this.
CircRNA circ-NNT mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating pyroptosis by sponging miR-33a-5p and regulating USP46 expression
Authors: Ye Xiaomiao , Hang Yanwen , Lu Yi , Li Dandan , Shen Fangfang , Guan Ping , Dong Jian , Shi Ludong , Hu Wei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPyroptosis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI) in rodents, but its contribution to reperfusion injury in MI patients is unclear. Here, we evaluated pyroptosis in MI patients in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms that regulate pyroptosis and myocardial I/R injury in these in vitro and in vivo models. The study showed that MI patients exhibited elevated serum concentrations of the pyroptosis-related pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 as well as the pyroptosis-related inflammatory caspases (caspase-1 and 11) were detected in cultured cardiomyocytes after anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) and in cardiac tissues after I/R. Circ-NNT and USP46 were upregulated while miR-33a-5p was downregulated in MI patients, as well as in cultured cardiomyocytes after A/R and cardiac tissues after I/R. Circ-NNT or USP46 knockdown or miR-33a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of pro-caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, pro-caspase-11, cleaved caspase-11, IL-1β, and IL-18 in A/R cardiomyocytes and attenuated myocardial infarction in I/R mice. The results from luciferase reporter assays and gene overexpression/knockdown studies indicated that miR-33a-5p directly targets USP46, and circ-NNT regulates USP46 by acting as a miR-33a-5p sponge. Direct association between circ-NNT and miR-33a-5p in cardiomyocytes was confirmed by pull-down assays. In summary, pyroptosis is activated during myocardial I/R and contributes to reperfusion injury. Circ-NNT promotes pyroptosis and myocardial I/R injury by acting as a miR-33a-5p sponge to regulate USP46. This circ-NNT→miR-33a-5p→USP46 signaling axis may serve as a potential target for the development of cardio-protective agents to improve the clinical outcome of reperfusion therapy.
Real-time alerting system for COVID-19 and other stress events using wearable data
Authors: Alavi Arash , Bogu Gireesh K. , Wang Meng , Rangan Ekanath Srihari , Brooks Andrew W. , Wang Qiwen , Higgs Emily , Celli Alessandra , Mishra Tejaswini , Metwally Ahmed A. , Cha Kexin , Knowles Peter , Alavi Amir A. , Bhasin Rajat , Panchamukhi Shrinivas , Celis Diego , Aditya Tagore , Honkala Alexander , Rolnik Benjamin , Hunting Erika , Dagan-Rosenfeld Orit , Chauhan Arshdeep , Li Jessi W. , Bejikian Caroline , Krishnan Vandhana , McGuire Lettie , Li Xiao , Bahmani Amir , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEarly detection of infectious diseases is crucial for reducing transmission and facilitating early intervention. In this study, we built a real-time smartwatch-based alerting system that detects aberrant physiological and activity signals (heart rates and steps) associated with the onset of early infection and implemented this system in a prospective study. In a cohort of 3,318 participants, of whom 84 were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), this system generated alerts for pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in 67 (80%) of the infected individuals. Pre-symptomatic signals were observed at a median of 3 days before symptom onset. Examination of detailed survey responses provided by the participants revealed that other respiratory infections as well as events not associated with infection, such as stress, alcohol consumption and travel, could also trigger alerts, albeit at a much lower mean frequency (1.15 alert days per person compared to 3.42 alert days per person for coronavirus disease 2019 cases). Thus, analysis of smartwatch signals by an online detection algorithm provides advance warning of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a high percentage of cases. This study shows that a real-time alerting system can be used for early detection of infection and other stressors and employed on an open-source platform that is scalable to millions of users.
Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study
Authors: Amadou Amina , Praud Delphine , Coudon Thomas , Danjou Aurélie M. N. , Faure Elodie , Deygas Floriane , Grassot Lény , Leffondré Karen , Severi Gianluca , Salizzoni Pietro , Mancini Francesca Romana , Fervers Béatrice 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMolecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case–control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose–response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.
ASB2 is a novel E3 ligase of SMAD9 required for cardiogenesis
Authors: Min Kyung-Duk , Asakura Masanori , Shirai Manabu , Yamazaki Satoru , Ito Shin , Fu Hai Ying , Asanuma Hiroshi , Asano Yoshihiro , Minamino Tetsuo , Takashima Seiji , Kitakaze Masafumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCardiogenesis requires the orchestrated spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling upon the balance between induction and counter-acting suppression of the differentiation of the cardiac tissue. SMADs are key intracellular transducers and the selective degradation of SMADs by the ubiquitin–proteasome system is pivotal in the spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling. However, among three SMADs for BMP signalling, SMAD1/5/9, only the specific E3 ligase of SMAD9 remains poorly investigated. Here, we report for the first time that SMAD9, but not the other SMADs, is ubiquitylated by the E3 ligase ASB2 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. ASB2, as well as Smad9, is conserved among vertebrates. ASB2 expression was specific to the cardiac region from the very early stage of cardiac differentiation in embryogenesis of mouse. Knockdown of Asb2 in zebrafish resulted in a thinned ventricular wall and dilated ventricle, which were rescued by simultaneous knockdown of Smad9. Abundant Smad9 protein leads to dysregulated cardiac differentiation through a mechanism involving Tbx2, and the BMP signal conducted by Smad9 was downregulated under quantitative suppression of Smad9 by Asb2. Our findings demonstrate that ASB2 is the E3 ligase of SMAD9 and plays a pivotal role in cardiogenesis through regulating BMP signalling.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among college freshmen in China
Authors: Jiang Qingqing , Zhang Qiumei , Wang Tiantian , You Qiqi , Liu Chun , Cao Shiyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypertension is the leading single contributor to all-cause death and disability worldwide. However, there is scarce evidence on the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension for Chinese youth. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese college freshmen and to identify the influencing factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all freshmen from 2015 to 2017 at a university in Wuhan, China by physical examination and standard-structured questionnaire. The Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Forward stepwise logistic regression method was used in the multivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of hypertension in youth. A total of 12,849 participants were included, and the prevalence of hypertension of Chinese college freshmen was 4.3% (7.9% in men and 1.6% in women). Men had a higher risk of hypertension than women (odds ratio [OR]: 5.358, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.345–6.607, P < 0.001). Obese people were more likely to develop hypertension than those with normal body mass index (OR: 10.465, 95% CI: 8.448–12.964, P < 0.001). People with elevated resting heart rate (RHR) had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 4.987, 95% CI: 3.641–6.832, P < 0.001). Staying up late (OR: 2.957, 95% CI: 2.482–3.523, P < 0.001), physical inactivity (OR: 4.973, 95% CI: 4.141–5.972, P < 0.001), living in urban district (OR: 1.864, 95% CI: 1.493–2.329, P < 0.001) and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (OR: 2.685, 95% CI: 2.108–3.421, P < 0.001) were related to higher prevalence of hypertension in youth. Male, obesity, elevated RHR, physical inactivity and family history of CVDs were identified as important risk factors of hypertension in youth. These risk factors should be given more attention when designing and implementing the interventional programs.
Evolution of cooperation in costly institutions exhibits Red Queen and Black Queen dynamics in heterogeneous public goods
Authors: Salahshour Mohammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPublic goods are often subject to heterogeneous costs, such as the necessary costs to maintain the public goods infrastructure. However, the extent to which heterogeneity in participation cost can affect groups’ ability to provide public goods is unclear. Here, by introducing a mathematical model, I show that when individuals face a costly institution and a free institution to perform a collective action task, the existence of a participation cost promotes cooperation in the costly institution. Despite paying for a participation cost, costly cooperators, who join the costly institution and cooperate, can outperform defectors who predominantly join a free institution. This promotes cooperation in the costly institution and can facilitate the evolution of cooperation in the free institution. For small profitability of the collective action, cooperation in a costly institution but not the free institution evolves. However, individuals are doomed to a winnerless red queen dynamics in which cooperators are unable to suppress defection. For large profitabilities, cooperation in both the costly and the free institution evolves. In this regime, cooperators with different game preferences complement each other to efficiently suppress defection in a black queen dynamic.
Acyl-chain saturation regulates the order of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate nanodomains
Authors: Borges-Araújo Luís , Domingues Marco M. , Fedorov Alexander , Santos Nuno C. , Melo Manuel N. , Fernandes Fábio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) plays a critical role in the regulation of various plasma membrane processes and signaling pathways in eukaryotes. A significant amount of cellular resources are spent on maintaining the dominant 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl PI(4,5)P2 acyl-chain composition, while less abundant and more saturated species become more prevalent in response to specific stimuli, stress or aging. Here, we report the impact of acyl-chain structure on the biophysical properties of cation-induced PI(4,5)P2 nanodomains. PI(4,5)P2 species with increasing levels of acyl-chain saturation cluster in progressively more ordered nanodomains, culminating in the formation of gel-like nanodomains for fully saturated species. The formation of these gel-like domains was largely abrogated in the presence of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl PI(4,5)P2. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the impact of PI(4,5)P2 acyl-chain composition on cation-dependent nanodomain ordering, and provides important clues to the motives behind the enrichment of PI(4,5)P2 with polyunsaturated acyl-chains. We also show how Ca2+-induced PI(4,5)P2 nanodomains are able to generate local negative curvature, a phenomenon likely to play a role in membrane remodeling events.
Medikamentöse Systemtherapie bei Neuroendokrinen Neoplasien des GastroEnteropankreatischen Systems
Authors: Auernhammer Christoph Josef , Böck Stefan , Westphalen Christoph Benedikt , Beyer Leonie , Spitzweg Christine 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungNeuroendokrine Neoplasien (NEN) des GastroEnteroPankreatischens Systems (GEP-Systems) im inoperablen fortgeschrittenen Stadium erfordern eine differenzierte Systemtherapie abhängig von Klassifikation und Grading, Primärtumorlokalisation, Somatostatinrezeptorexpression, Tumordynamik, Tumorlast und Funktionalität. Somatostatinanaloga, Peptid Rezeptor Radionuklid Therapie (PRRT), Streptozotocin- oder Temozolomid-basierte Chemotherapieprotokolle und molekular zielgerichtete Therapien mit Everolimus oder Sunitinib sind jeweils etablierte Therapieoptionen bei verschiedenen neuroendokrinen Tumoren (NET). Neue vielversprechende Therapieansätze sind Multityrosinkinaseinhibitoren (TKIs) wie Surufatinib, Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib oder Pazopanib. Cisplatin/Etoposid ist die Standard 1st-line Chemotherapie bei neuroendokrinen Karzinomen (NEC). Bisher zeigten die meisten klinischen Studien zur Immuntherapie bei NET G1/G2 enttäuschende Studienergebnisse, aber die mögliche Effektivität der kombinierten Checkpoint-Inhibition sollte bei höherproliferativen NEN G3 weiter untersucht werden. Molekularpathologie mit Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) und personalisierte Therapie spielen auch bei den NEN eine zunehmende Rolle.
Die neuen diagnostischen Referenzwerte in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Borowski Markus , Giussani Augusto 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 6. Juli 2021 wurden im Bundesanzeiger aktualisierte diagnostische Referenzwerte (DRW) für die Nuklearmedizin publiziert. Dieses ist die erste Novellierung der DRW nach etwa 9 Jahren. Neben einigen Untersuchungen, die aufgrund geringer Bedeutung aus der Liste entfernt wurden, und insbesondere zahlreichen PET-Untersuchungen, die neu hinzugekommen sind, zeichnen sich die neuen DRW durch 3 wesentliche Änderungen gegenüber der Vorgängerversion aus: 1. Die neuen DRW entsprechen nicht mehr Orientierungswerten für die anzuwendenden Aktivitäten, sondern oberen Schwellenwerten, deren Überschreitung zu begründen ist. 2. Für alle PET-Untersuchungen sowie für Skelettszintigrafien wurden gewichtsabhängige Werte als DRW publiziert. 3. Erstmalig werden in Deutschland für computertomografische Untersuchungen zur Schwächungskorrektur und anatomischen Koregistrierung in der Hybridbildgebung DRW publiziert. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die wesentlichen Neuerungen in den DRW vor und diskutiert Konsequenzen für die praktische Anwendung.
Predicting multilingual effects on executive function and individual connectomes in children: An ABCD study
Authors: Kwon Young Hye , Yoo Kwangsun , Nguyen Hillary , Jeong Yong , Chun Marvin M. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Given that using multiple languages incorporates cognitive functions that require a harmony of the whole brain, can we tell whether a child is monolingual or multilingual by only looking at the pattern of functional connectivity? Here, we show that the multilingual experience modulates the functional connections of multilinguals enough to be distinguished from monolinguals. The pattern is distinctive when children are performing an emotional n-back task and even at rest. Furthermore, we found that multilingual children have a stronger relationship between their working-memory functional connectivity and behavior performance than monolinguals. Along with the result that multilingual children outperformed in measures of working memory, we highlight that using multiple languages in early life shapes executive function and functional connections.
Immunosuppression and outcomes in adult patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotypes
Authors: Ferraro Francesca , Miller Christopher A. , Christensen Keegan A. , Helton Nichole M. , O’Laughlin Margaret , Fronick Catrina C. , Fulton Robert S. , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Bloomfield Clara D. , Ramakrishnan Sai Mukund , Day Ryan B. , Wartman Lukas D. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Welch John S. , Christopher Matthew J. , Heath Sharon E. , Baty Jack D. , Schuelke Matthew J. , Payton Jacqueline E. , Spencer David H. , Rettig Michael P. , Link Daniel C. , Walter Matthew J. , Westervelt Peter , DiPersio John F. , Ley Timothy J. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Current acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk assessment relies on cytogenetics and gene-sequencing studies but is imperfect, especially for patients with normal karyotypes and intermediate risk. To understand factors associated with excellent responses in these patients, we compared genetic and transcriptional data from patients with first remissions lasting more than 5 y after chemotherapy, to matched controls with first remissions lasting fewer than 2 y. AML cells from patients with early relapse displayed an immunosuppressive phenotype that blocked CD4 T cell activation via the T cell receptor; the long first-remission AML cells did not display this phenotype. Inhibiting LAG3 reversed this immunosuppression in most tested cases. This immunosuppressive phenotype may help to stratify risk of relapse at presentation, and outcomes.