bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cells and Notch1 signaling appear to drive the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the development of adenomyosis in mice
Authors: Bourdon M , Santulli P , Doridot L , Jeljeli M , Chêne C , Chouzenoux S , Nicco C , Marcellin L , Chapron C , Batteux F 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the development of adenomyosis, along with dysregulated immune responses. Inflammation potentially induces Notch signaling, which could promote this EMT. The objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of immune cells and Notch1-mediated EMT in the development of adenomyosis. Adenomyosis was induced in 18 CD-1 mice by neonatal oral administration of tamoxifen (TAM group), while 18 neonates received vehicle only (Control group). Their uteri were sampled at 30, 60 or 90 days of age. Immune cell markers (Cd45, Ly6c1, Cd86, Arginine1, Cd19, Cd4, Cd8), Notch1 and its target genes (Hey1, Hey2, Hes1, Hes5) and biomarkers of EMT (E-Cadherin, Vimentin, Tgfb, Snail1, Slug, Snail3) were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Activated-Notch1 protein was measured by western blot. Aberrant expression of immune cell markers was observed in the uteri of mice as they developed adenomyosis. The expression of inflammatory cell markers, notably M1 macrophages and natural killer cells, was increased from Day 30 in the TAM group compared to controls, followed by an increase in the Cd4 marker (T cells) at Day 60. Conversely, expression of the Cd19 marker (B cells) was significantly reduced at all of the stages studied. Notch1 signaling was also highly activated compared to controls at Day 30 and Day 60. Concomitantly, the levels of several markers for EMT were also higher. Therefore, the activation of Notch1 coincides with aberrant expression of immune and EMT markers in the early development of adenomyosis.
Intentional endometrial injury enhances angiogenesis through increased production and activation of MMP-9 by TNF-α and MMP-3 in a mouse model
Authors: Tu Yi-An , Chou Chia-Hung , Yang Po-Kai , Shun Chia-Tung , Wen Wen-Fen , Tsao Po-Nien , Chen Shee-Uan , Yang Jehn-Hsiahn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere have been reports of improved pregnancy rates after performing intentional endometrial injuries, also known as endometrial scratching, in patients with recurrent implantation failure. In our previous study on intentional endometrial injury, we found an increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 following induced injuries to the mice endometrium. In the current study, we further examine whether the rise in MMP-3 could contribute to increased angiogenesis. Female C57B1/6 mice were obtained at 12 weeks of age, and intentional endometrial injuries were induced mechanically in the left uterine horns. Using the appropriate media, uterine-washes were performed on the injured and uninjured (control) horns of the harvested uteri. The uterine tissues were further processed for tissue lysates, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The results show that intentional endometrial injuries caused an increase in secreted LPA in the injured horns, which were detected in the uterine-washes. In addition, LPA induced increased production of TNF-α in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEEpCs). Furthermore, TNF-α appeared to induce differential and cell-specific upregulation of the MMPs: MMP-3 was upregulated in the epithelial (hEEpCs), while MMP-9 was upregulated in the endothelial cells (human endometrial endothelial cells; hEEnCs). The upregulation of MMP-3 appeared to be necessary for the activation of MMP-9, whose active form stimulated the formation of vessel-like structure by the hEEnCs. The results of this study suggest that there may be enhanced angiogenesis following intentional endometrial injuries, which is mediated in part by TNF-α-induced and MMP-3-activated MMP-9 production.
Consciousness and complexity: a consilience of evidence
Authors: Sarasso Simone , Casali Adenauer Girardi , Casarotto Silvia , Rosanova Mario , Sinigaglia Corrado , Massimini Marcello 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Over the last years, a surge of empirical studies converged on complexity-related measures as reliable markers of consciousness across many different conditions, such as sleep, anesthesia, hallucinatory states, coma, and related disorders. Most of these measures were independently proposed by researchers endorsing disparate frameworks and employing different methods and techniques. Since this body of evidence has not been systematically reviewed and coherently organized so far, this positive trend has remained somewhat below the radar. The aim of this paper is to make this consilience of evidence in the science of consciousness explicit. We start with a systematic assessment of the growing literature on complexity-related measures and identify their common denominator, tracing it back to core theoretical principles and predictions put forward more than 20 years ago. In doing this, we highlight a consistent trajectory spanning two decades of consciousness research and provide a provisional taxonomy of the present literature. Finally, we consider all of the above as a positive ground to approach new questions and devise future experiments that may help consolidate and further develop a promising field where empirical research on consciousness appears to have, so far, naturally converged.
Correlation Between Prevalence of Selected Enteropathogens and Diarrhea in Children: A Case–Control Study in China
Authors: Huang Zheng , He Zixiang , Wei Zhongqiu , Wang Wei , Li Zhenpeng , Xia Xin , Qin Di , Zhang Ling , Guo Jiayin , Li Jie , Diao Baowei , Zhan Zhifei , Zhang Jingyun , Zeng Mei , Kan Biao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
The application of nucleic acid detection methods improves the ability of laboratories to detect diarrheal pathogens, but it also poses new challenges for the interpretation of results. It is often difficult to attribute a diarrhea episode to the detected pathogens. Here we investigated the prevalence of 19 enteropathogens among diarrheal and nondiarrheal children and provided support for understanding the clinical significance of the pathogens.

Methods
A total of 710 fecal samples were collected from children under 5 years old in 2 different regions of China from May 2017 to March 2018, comprising 383 mild to moderate diarrheal cases and 327 nondiarrheal controls. The enteropathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).

Results
Enteropathogens were detected in 68.9% of cases and 41.3% of controls. Rotavirus A (adjusted OR [aOR], 9.91; 95% CI, 4.99–19.67), norovirus GI and GII (aOR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.12–6.89), and Campylobacter jejuni (aOR, 20.12; 95% CI, 2.57–157.38) were significantly associated with diarrhea (P &lt; .05). Adenovirus, norovirus GII, rotavirus A, and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (pCVD432) gave lower cycle threshold (Ct) values in cases than in controls (P &lt; .05). Rotavirus A and norovirus GII were associated with diarrhea when the Ct values were ≤30 and ≤25, respectively.

Conclusions
The types and loads of enteropathogens are likely to influence the interpretation of the clinical significance of positive results.
Meningovascular Syphilis Presenting as a Brain Mass in an Immunocompetent Male
Authors: Pham Khanh , Gottesdiener Lee , Simon Matthew S , Trzebucki Alex , Maldarelli Grace A , Cisse Babacar , Lieberman Joshua , DeHaan Elliot , Pisapia David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a case of a human immunodeficiency virus–negative man with syphilitic meningovascular disease with subjacent involvement of brain parenchyma leading to a mass-forming inflammatory lesion that was pathologically distinct from a typical gumma. Syphilis was diagnosed after tissue obtained from a brain biopsy demonstrated spirochetes consistent with Treponema pallidum and confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.
Auricular acupressure for treating early stage of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, sham-controlled prospective study
Authors: Zhang X , He B , Wang H , Sun X 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Objective
We examined whether auricular acupressure (AA) at four specifically preselected AA points can alleviate knee pain and decrease non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption and its adverse effects for osteoarthritis patients.

Methods
Sixty-two patients (more than 40 years) with knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren–Lawrence grades of I or II upon radiographic classification were enrolled in this randomized, sham-controlled prospective study, and divided into two groups (AA group and control group). The AA group received true AA by embedding vaccaria seeds at four specific AA points (knee joint, shenmen, subcortex and sympathesis) ipsilateral to the knee osteoarthritis site, while the control group received four nonacupuncture points on the auricular helix. Visual analog scale (VAS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, the number of patients who needed celecoxib pills and adverse effects were recorded.

Results
VAS and WOMAC scores in the AA group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05) at Days 3 and 7 postsugery. The VAS and WOMAC score were significantly decreased after the treatment in the AA group compared with that before the treatment (P &lt; 0.05). The use of celebrex is significantly lower in the AA group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05), no major side effects were observed during the auricular acupressure treatment.

Conclusion
Auricular acupressure plays a role in analgesic effect and can effectively decrease NSAIDs requirements without causing adverse events for the treatment of human knee osteoarthritis.
Causes of Raynaud’s phenomenon and the predictive laboratory and capillaroscopy features for the evolution to a definite connective tissue disease
Authors: Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Ajri Mehrnoush , Hamidi Sahand 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objective
In patients with RP, capillaroscopy is useful for discriminating primary from secondary causes. There are certain capillaroscopy and lab values as predictive factors leading to a known CTD. We conducted the present study to evaluate the causes of RP in our area and followed the studied subjects to find prognostic factors indicating a definite CTD or remaining a UCTD.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study we included all adult patients with RP who were referred for capillaroscopy from 2010 to 2019. All the patients with primary and secondary RP with follow-up were evaluated for demography, laboratory results and capillaroscopy to find the risk factors of their progression to a CTD.

Results
A total of 760 of 776 patients were included, with 679 being female (89.3%) and 81 (10.7%) male. There were 660 subjects (90.8%) with secondary RP [mostly UCTD (48.2%) and then SSc (16.4%)] and 67 (9.2%) with primary RP; 109 patients were followed up and 42 (42%) of those with secondary RP developed a definite CTD. The scleroderma pattern and some capillary changes on capillaroscopy and/or positive ANA had statistically significant differences for CTD transition.

Conclusion
We had a small number of patients with primary RP. The most prevalent causes of secondary RP in our patients were UCTD and SSc. Some capillaroscopy and laboratory results alone or in combination could be used as a predictive marker for the transition of patients with UCTD to CTD.
2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography in rheumatological diseases
Authors: Subesinghe Manil , Bhuva Shaheel , Arumalla Nikita , Cope Andrew , D’Cruz David , Subesinghe Sujith 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT has revolutionized oncological imaging. The cellular processes that make cancer cells visible on FDG PET-CT also occur in a number of inflammatory cells. Exploiting this phenomenon has led to a growth of evidence supporting the use of FDG PET-CT in a wide range of infective and inflammatory diseases. Rheumatological diseases can affect multiple sites within the musculoskeletal system alongside multi-organ extra-articular disease manifestations. Inflammation is central to these diseases, making FDG PET-CT a logical choice. In this review article we describe the various applications of FDG PET-CT in rheumatological diseases using illustrative examples to highlight the beneficial role of FDG PET-CT in each case.
Survey of Vineyard Insects and Plants to Identify Potential Insect Vectors and Noncrop Reservoirs of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus
Authors: Wilson Houston , Hogg Brian N. , Blaisdell G. Kai , Andersen Jeremy C. , Yazdani Armand S. , Billings Alexis C. , Ooi Kei-lin M. , Soltani Nourolah , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. , Cooper Monica L. , Al Rwahnih Maher , Daane Kent M. 
Published: August 2021

Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a DNA virus in the family Geminiviridae. This pathogen is the causal agent of grapevine red blotch disease, which affects cultivated grapevines and leads to negative effects on crop quality and yield. GRBV is present in commercial vineyards across North America, indicating that spread might have been largely human mediated. That said, recent surveys have demonstrated that there appears to be secondary transmission, most likely by an insect vector. In this study, vineyard insects and plants were surveyed to identify potential candidate vectors and noncrop plants that could act as reservoirs for this pathogen. Results reconfirm that GRBV is limited to Vitis spp., including both cultivated and wild grapevines. Eleven insect genera or species, field collected in vineyards, tested positive for GRBV using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These insect taxa include unknown Aphididae, the cicadellids Aceratagallia spp., Acinopterus angulatus, Caladonus coquilleti, Colladonus montanus reductus, Colladonus sp., Empoasca spp., Erythroneura elegantula, and Scaphytopius graneticus, along with the membracid Spissistilus festinus and an unknown delphacid. Of these organisms, S. festinus is already known to be capable of transmitting GRBV, and Scaphytopius graneticus may merit closer evaluation as a candidate vector. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Rethinking Bias to Achieve Maternal Health Equity: Changing Organizations, Not Just Individuals
Authors: Green T.L. , Zapata J.Y. , Brown H.W. , Hagiwara N. 
Published: August 2021

(Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137:935–940)
Disparities exist in communication with and treatment of black women compared with white women within the health care setting, and biases play a role. Subsequently, black women receive inferior care, significantly impacting risk of maternal morbidity. Strategies and trainings have been put in place to reduce implicit bias and, though well intentioned, no evidence suggests that (1) disparities between black-white health care treatment have lessened and (2) biases and behaviors of health care professionals have been affected long term. These trainings also focus on individual-level biases rather than social-context biases and, therefore, are less effective in a health care setting. As maternal and neonatal outcomes are impacted, it is important to underscore the implicit and explicit biases that occur within health care at large.
Management of Clinical Chorioamnionitis: An Evidence-based Approach
Authors: Conde-Agudelo A. , Romero R. , Jung E.J. , Sánchez A.J.G. 
Published: August 2021

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223:848–869)
Clinical chorioamnionitis affects 1% to 6% of US pregnancies and is a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal sepsis, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal death, and other adverse outcomes. Clinical chorioamnionitis has typically been diagnosed by maternal fever combined with at least 2 other symptoms: maternal tachycardia, fetal tachycardia, uterine tenderness, purulent or foul-smelling amniotic fluid or vaginal discharge, or maternal leukocytosis. This condition is usually treated with antibiotics and antipyretic agents, along with expedited delivery, though management regimens vary widely in terms of types of antibiotic and timing of treatment. This review aimed to examine evidence on the treatment of clinical chorioamnionitis to develop an evidence-based management approach. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE, LILACS, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinical trial registries, and Google Scholar.
The Political Nature of Sex—Transgender in the History of Medicine
Authors: Slagstad K. 
Published: August 2021

(N Engl J Med. 2021;384:1070–1074)
Recent policy changes in the United States concerning discrimination, sex, and gender identity are only the most recent developments in a long social and medical history of sex and gender. As ideas of sex and gender change in society, so does medical understanding and approaches.
SSRI Use During Pregnancy and Risk for Postpartum Hemorrhage: A National Register-based Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Skalkidou A. , Sundstrom-Poromaa I. , Wikman A. , Hesselman S. , Wikstrom A.K. , Elenisa E. 
Published: August 2021

(BJOG. 2020;127:1366–1373)
Up to 1 in 6 women globally are affected by maternal mood disorders and perinatal depression, and over the course of the last 20 years, treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has dramatically increased. SSRIs remain the drug of choice for depression affecting pregnant women despite the small elevated risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, cardiovascular defects, and need for neonatal intensive care. However, as the use of SSRIs in nonpregnant populations is associated with elevated risk for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, and increased postoperative blood loss, this study’s primary aim was to investigate whether or not SSRIs used by pregnant women lead to a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The hypothesis was that use of SSRIs in pregnancy would increase the risk of PPH in women with low-risk pregnancies in Sweden.
Association of Lumbar Puncture With Spinal Hematoma in Patients With and Without Coagulopathy
Authors: Bodilsen J. , Mariager T. , Vestergaard H.H. , Christiansen M.H. , Kunwald M. , Lüttichau H.R. , Kristensen B.T. , Bjarkam C.R. , Nielsen H. 
Published: August 2021

(JAMA. 2020;324:1419–1428)
A crucial procedure for central nervous system infections, certain types of cancer, and neurological diseases is lumbar puncture. Spinal hematoma is a possible complication of the procedure and presents with paraparesis, back pain, and urinary incontinence. This study aimed to examine lumbar punctures and determine the risk of spinal hematoma following this procedure for patients with and without coagulopathy in Denmark.
Intrauterine Versus External Tocodynamometry in Monitoring Labour: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hautakangas T. , Uotila J. , Huhtala H. , Palomäki O. 
Published: August 2021

(BJOG. 2020;127:1677–1686)
Intrauterine tocodynamometry (IT) is sometimes used when external tocodynamometry (ET) cannot provide adequate information on uterine contractions. Four studies have previously compared IT and ET and found no difference in terms of neonatal outcomes, but these studies did not include patients undergoing trial of labor after cesarean, and 3 used small (<250 patients) sample sizes and were conducted >20 years ago. This randomized controlled study compared ET and IT in patients admitted for delivery in terms of mode of delivery, neonatal outcomes, and oxytocin use.
Anaphylaxis in Pregnancy: A Population-based Multinational European Study
Authors: McCall S.J , Bonnet M.P. , Ayras O. , Vandenberghe G. , Gissler M. , Zhang W.H. , Van Leeuw V. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Kurinczuk J.J. , Knight M. 
Published: August 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:1469–1475)
Anaphylaxis is an immunoglobulin E–mediated event that occurs without warning after exposure to an inciting antigen. In pregnancy, this rare condition may result in severe maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as it has multisystemic effects. Limited high-quality studies exist regarding anaphylaxis during pregnancy. As the occurrence is rare in a single nation’s population, this European multinational study used prospective and retrospective data collection methods to estimate the causative agents, incidence, management, and outcomes of anaphylaxis during pregnancy.
Anaphylaxis in Obstetrics—Double the Trouble
Authors: Savic L.C. , Lucas D.N. 
Published: August 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:1424–1427)
Anaphylaxis in obstetrics, a rare but life-threatening event, can be expected for an individual anesthetist to witness once every 7 years. As the infrequency coupled with difficulties and challenges of resuscitation may heighten anxieties with such events, investigations such as the pan-European study provide further insight into beneficial management methods.
Prenatal Exposure to General Anesthesia and Childhood Behavioral Deficit
Authors: Ing C. , Landau R. , DeStephano D. , Miles C.H. , von Ungern-Sternberg B.S. , Li G. , Whitehouse A.J.O. 
Published: August 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:1424–1427)
(Anesth Analg. 2021. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005389. Epub ahead of print)
While the US Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning about the neurodevelopmental effects of anesthetic drugs in the third trimester of pregnancy and children under the age of 3, no clinical study has evaluated long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to anesthetics. Since anesthetic drugs cross the placenta and the brain is particularly vulnerable in the prenatal period, it is plausible that prenatal anesthetic exposure could lead to adverse neurodevelopmental effects. This study examined the effects of prenatal exposure to general anesthetic agents and neuropsychological and behavioral survey scores at age 10.
In Vitro Fertilization as an Independent Risk Factor for Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Salmanian B. , Fox K.A , Arian S.E. , Erfani H. , Clark S.L. , Aagaard K.M. , Detlefs S.E , Aalipour S. , Espinoza J. , Nassr A.A. , Gibbons W.E. , Shamshirsaz A.A. , Belfort M.A. , Shamshirsaz A.A. 
Published: August 2021

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223:568.e1–568.e5)
Placental accreta spectrum (PAS) is an increasingly prevalent and possibly life-threatening condition. While major risk factors for the condition are well-recognized (placenta previa and history of cesarean delivery), identifying additional risk factors will also facilitate the focus on at-risk populations. Antenatal diagnosis, in turn, allows for development of multidisciplinary management plans before labor onset or bleeding with PAS, thus improving outcomes and limiting morbidity. Prior studies have suggested a possible association between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PAS. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if there was an independent association between IVF and PAS, with the hypothesis that patients undergoing IVF are at increased risk for PAS. The primary outcome variable was PAS.