bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Fabrication of Bioinspired Gradient Surfaces for Wettability Applications
Authors: Wu Junrui , Yin Kai , Xiao Si , Wu Zhipeng , Zhu Zhuo , Duan Ji‐An , He Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInspired by nature, gradient surfaces have attracted broad research interest because of their potential in microfluidics, fog/water collection, and water electrolysis. Among the various techniques for preparing gradient surfaces, laser processing is substrate‐independent, facile and efficient, pattern‐diverse, which can be used to prepare diverse gradient surfaces. Here, recent advances in the laser fabrication of gradient surfaces for wettability applications are summarized. The preparation principles of gradient surfaces and advantages of laser processing are introduced. Various laser fabrication strategies and wettability applications of gradient surfaces including wettability gradients and geometric gradients are discussed. Challenges and future perspectives for the laser fabrication of gradient surfaces are finally presented.
Capillary‐Force‐Driven Switchable Delamination of Nanofilms and Its Application to Green Selective Transfer
Authors: Kang Sumin , Kim Taek‐Soo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTechnology for transferring nanofilm patterns is important in the fabrication of next‐generation electronic devices. However, with existing transfer methods, selective control of the delamination region is challenging without recourse to conventional lithographic techniques, which involve equipment‐intensive and toxic‐chemical etching processes. Here, capillary‐force‐driven switchable delamination of nanofilms and its application to a green selective transfer process are presented. The capillary‐force‐driven delamination is easily and spontaneously implemented by dipping an Au–Si specimen into water at an oblique angle; no other chemicals or additional processes are required. Moreover, the delamination behavior is switched by changing the hydrophobic Au surface to hydrophilic. The mechanism of switchable delamination is investigated by considering the primary influencing factors which are wettability of Au surface and surface tension of water platform. The switchable delamination allows the selective transfer of nanofilm patterns by locally modulating surface wettability. Diverse nanofilm patterns and structures including spiral, serpentine, and van der Waals heterostructures are demonstrated. Furthermore, various nanofilm materials are used in the transfer process by exploiting Au nanofilm as a debonding layer. Finally, a unique technique for assembly and one‐step transfer of nanofilm devices is suggested using the selective transfer method.
Active Tuning of Optical Constants in the Visible–UV: Praseodymium‐Doped Ceria—a Model Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor
Authors: Kalaev Dmitri , Tuller Harry L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMixed ionic–electronic conductors offer chemical and electrical means for active tuning of their optical constants, e.g., with variations in oxygen non‐stoichiometry in Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ, enabling implementation of adaptive thin film optical devices. In situ chemo‐tuning of the extinction coefficient in Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ at elevated temperatures is demonstrated and a tuning model is provided that treats the interdependence of mobile oxygen vacancies and small polarons coupled to variations in optically active praseodymium ions. Furthermore, a new means for electro‐tuning of the optical constants of mixed ionic–electronic conductors is demonstrated experimentally and modeled for Pr0.1Ce0.9O2–δ thin films deposited on grid‐like electrode structures. Modeling of non‐steady‐state optical transmittance modulations in the latter allows for estimation of oxygen vacancy mobility that determines the switching speed of the device. Quenched‐in values of nr and k to room temperature become nonvolatile, providing a modulation range in the extinction coefficient of Δk ≈ 0.1 (change of ≈800%) and in the refractive index of Δnr ≈ 0.1 (relative to initial nr of ≈2.35). Key figures of merit, including transmission optical modulation of ≈0.04 per 1 mV nm–1, switching energy per area of 1.9 nJ µm–2, and switching times of seconds, are demonstrated, with further improvements possible.
Multi‐Scale Design of Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Materials for Energy Electrocatalysis
Authors: Liang Zibin , Qiu Tianjie , Gao Song , Zhong Ruiqin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of advanced energy conversion systems such as fuel cells and electrolyzers with desirable efficiency and durability is of great significance in order to power society in a sustainable way, which highly depends on the fabrication of electrocatalysts with desirable electrochemical performance. Multi‐scale design of electrocatalysts from the atomic scale to device‐scale is crucial to achieve optimal overall electrochemical performance in terms of activity, selectivity, and durability. Benefitting from their highly diverse and tunable structures and compositions, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising platforms to design and synthesize electrocatalysts at multiple scales for energy electrocatalysis. Herein, the fundamental principles and recent progress in multi‐scale design of MOF‐derived materials from the aspects of active sites, interfaces, pore structures, and morphologies are summarized. Moreover, precise control of these variables, to meet the requirements of specific energy‐related reactions including oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and N2 reduction reaction is critically discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future research directions in multi‐scale design and fabrication of MOF‐derived electrocatalysts for real‐world energy conversion applications are provided.
Effect of carbon nanotubes functionalization on properties of their nanocomposites with polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) matrix
Authors: Granada Jonas E. , Maron Guilherme K. , Beatrice Cesar A. G. , Larocca Nelson M. , Moreira Eduardo C. , Alano José H. , Pessan Luiz A. , Santana Ruth M. C. , Carreño Neftali L. V. , de Oliveira Amanda D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, a comparative study evaluating the influence of different functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the properties of nanocomposites with polymeric matrix was performed. A 50/50 wt% polycarbonate (PC)/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) blend was used as polymeric matrix of the nanocomposites. The comparison was made between nanocomposites reinforced with covalently functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTf) and MWCNTf/nanoclay hybrid functionalization. The effect on the mechanical and morphological properties of the nanocomposites was evaluated through tensile and Izod impact tests and scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The thermal characterization of PC/ABS blends and nanocomposites was performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that both methods of functionalization of MWCNTs increased the stiffness and impact resistance of the nanocomposites. TEM micrographs indicated the preferred location of the reinforcements in the SAN phase of ABS. Results from DSC indicated an increase in the thermal resistance of the nanocomposites.
Assessment of interfacial polymerization modalities on the performance of polyaniline doped polyethersulphone hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Tewfik Shadia R. , Sorour Mohamed H. , Shaalan Hayam F. , Hani Heba A. , Abulnour Abdelghani M. G. , Sayed Eman S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPolyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes doped with polyaniline were coated by interfacial polymerization (IP) using different monomer pairs. The coated fibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, water contact angle (CA), porosity, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the performance of coated fibers has been tested at low to medium pressure by measuring pure water flux and magnesium sulfate salt solution. Characteristics and performance have been assessed and compared for all samples. Porosity decreased for all coated samples as compared to the raw sample. Optimum results were obtained using m‐phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride depicting the lowest water CA (68°), highest Young's modulus (183 MPa), lowest pure water flux (0.28 LMH/bar), and the highest salt rejection (63% at 9 bar).
Oil‐ and water‐resistant paper substrate using blends of chitosan‐graft‐polydimethylsiloxane and poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Nair Aditya , Kansal Dhwani , Khan Ajmir , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReported herein is an economical, plastic‐ and fluorine‐free coating approach for oil and water repellent paper substrates using blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) and chitosan‐graft‐polydimethylsiloxane copolymer. The obtained coated paper showed good water‐resistance, as evidenced by its low Cobb60 values of ~20 ± 2.1 g/m2 and high water contact angles of 119 ± 6.3 °. The kit rating of the coated paper was 7.6/12, indicating decent grease‐resistant properties as compared to the kit value of 0/12 for the uncoated paper. The coated paper is also repulpable as demonstrated by the complete washing off the coating from the coated paper. Giving the cost‐effective nature of the coating materials and good water and oil‐resistant properties of the coated paper, the approach developed here is commercially viable, and will offer a multitude of environmental benefits such as the elimination of microplastic‐ and PFAS problems associated with existing paper coatings.
Glutamine alleviates the renal dysfunction associated with gentamicin‐induced acute kidney injury in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Zhan Feng , Wang Xiang , Zhang Jun , Yi Shengyang , He Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSepsis is a clinical condition caused by an uncontrolled response to an infection, leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) and an increased risk of mortality. Although life support and antibiotic therapy are available, the mortality rate remains high in patients with sepsis. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of glutamine ongentamicin‐induced acute kidney injury in Sprague–Dawley rats. We randomly grouped 24 male rats to the normal control, AKI (control), glutamine 50 mg/kg, and glutamine 500 mg/kg groups. The dose was administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Rats treated with glutamine 500 mg/kg showed changes in systolic blood pressure. Glutamine increased renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, and the levels of potassium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine osmolality, while reducing the relative excretion of sodium, potassium, urinary sodium, and plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In our study, glutamine supplementation reduced gentamicin‐induced oxidative stress and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione levels in AKI rats. In addition, glutamine supplementation attenuated the severity of pathological features in this model. Collectively, our results showed that gentamicin has therapeutic potential against gentamicin‐induced AKI due to its ability to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress.
A parametric quantile regression approach for modelling zero‐or‐one inflated double bounded data
Authors: Menezes André F. B. , Mazucheli Josmar , Bourguignon Marcelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the last decades, the challenges in applied regression have been changing considerably, and full probabilistic modeling rather than predicting just means is crucial in many applications. Motivated by two applications where the response variable is observed on the unit‐interval and inflated at zero or one, we propose a parametric quantile regression considering the unit‐Weibull distribution. In particular, we are interested in quantifying the influence of covariates on the quantiles of the response variable. The maximum likelihood method is used for parameters estimation. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the maximum likelihood estimators are nearly unbiased and consistent. Also, we define a residual analysis to assess the goodness of fit.
An integrated continuous downstream process with real‐time control: A case study with periodic countercurrent chromatography and continuous virus inactivation
Authors: Löfgren Anton , Gomis‐Fons Joaquín , Andersson Niklas , Nilsson Bernt , Berghard Lotta , Lagerquist Hägglund Christine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntegrated continuous downstream processes with process analytical technology offer a promising opportunity to reduce production costs and increase process flexibility and adaptability. In this case study, an integrated continuous process was used to purify a recombinant protein on laboratory scale in a two‐system setup that can be used as a general downstream setup offering multiproduct and multipurpose manufacturing capabilities. The process consisted of continuous solvent/detergent virus inactivation followed by periodic countercurrent chromatography in the capture step, and a final chromatographic polishing step. A real‐time controller was implemented to ensure stable operation by adapting the downstream process to external changes. A concentration disturbance was introduced to test the controller. After the disturbance was applied, the product output recovered within 6 h, showing the effectiveness of the controller. In a comparison of the process with and without the controller, the product output per cycle increased by 27%, the resin utilization increased from 71.4% to 87.9%, and the specific buffer consumption was decreased by 21% with the controller, while maintaining a similar yield and purity as in the process without the disturbance. In addition, the integrated continuous process outperformed the batch process, increasing the productivity by 95% and the yield by 28%.
Is stealing still a crime? Comment on left internal mammary artery side branch intervention in the management of coronary steal syndrome following coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Kern Morton J. 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
Post‐coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) angina has been attributed unligated thoracic side branches competing with LIMA‐LAD flow.
Case reports suggest thoracic branch occlusion can relieve angina.
Phasic arterial blood flow and direct measurements argue against the existence of LIMA steal.
Clinical and hemodynamic performance of the ACURATEneo bioprosthesis: Looking far and beyond randomized trials
Authors: Franzone Anna , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: January 2021

Highlights
In elderly patients, TAVR with the ACURATE neo™ bioprosthesis is associated with good mid to long‐ term clinical outcomes, progressive reduction of PVL severity over time and no warnings of structural valve deterioration or bioprosthetic valve failure.
The long‐term echocardiographic performance of the ACURATE neo™ bioprosthesis in real‐world patients is better than anticipated in randomized trials.
Further studies need to clarify longer terms outcomes of TAVR with the ACURATE neo™ bioprosthesis and technical tips to mitigate the occurrence of moderare or severe PVL.
“Back to the future: Beta radiation to treat recurrent in‐stent restenosis”
Authors: Rodriguez‐Paz Enrique , Heuser Richard 
Published: January 2021

Key Points
When a patient presents with restenosis and two layers of previously place drug eluting stents this is a true treatment dilemma for the interventionist.
Beta radiation has proven its efficacy to decrease in‐stent restenosis compared to standard PCI.
No drug‐coated balloons are currently available in the United States for treatment of in‐stent restenosis.
Dual fungal infection with Lomentospora prolificans and Aspergillus fumigatus: A pathogenetic diagnosis elucidated after two decades by sequential examinations
Authors: Sugiura Yoshitsugu , Sugimoto Naoshi , Takahashi Takayuki , Matsumoto Tadahiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA 44‐year‐old male Japanese was admitted for further post‐remission treatments for acute myeloid leukemia. He developed a right orbital abscess. An isolate of Lomentospora prolificans was obtained from the lesion, and orbital biopsy also revealed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. This fatal case involved a concurrent dual fungal infection.
Temporomandibular joint prosthesis in cancer reconstruction preceding radiation therapy
Authors: Pedersen Torbjørn Ø. , Lybak Stein , Lund Bodil , Løes Sigbjørn 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTotal joint prostheses are a viable treatment option after removal of malignancies invading the temporomandibular joint, even when adjuvant radiation therapy is required.
Enantioselective fate of famoxadone during processing of apple cider and grape wine
Authors: Xu Guofeng , Jia Xiaohui , Li Jing , Kuang Lixue , Li Haifei , Dong Fengshou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFamoxadone enantiomers were separated on Lux Amylose‐1 chiral column and determined by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). The half‐lives of R‐(−)‐famoxadone and S‐(+)‐famoxadone were 69.3 and 86.6 h in apple cider, 231.0 and 346.5 h in apple pomace, 69.3 and 77.0 h in grape wine, and 231.0 and 346.5 h in grape pomace, respectively. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values decreased gradually from 0.498, 0.499, and 0.500 (0 h) to 0.404, 0.374, and 0.427 (144 h) and then increased gradually to 0.474, 0.427, and 0.422 (312 h) in apple cider, grape wine, and grape pomace. The EF value in apple pomace decreased gradually from 0.499 (0 h) to 0.450 (168 h) and then increased gradually to 0.482 (312 h). The processing factors (PFs) for famoxadone ranged from 0.014 to 0.024 in the overall process. The residue of famoxadone reduced 94.7–97.4% after the fermentation process.
Insight into Fructose Dehydration over Lewis Acid α‐Cu2P2O7 Catalyst
Authors: In‐noi Orrasa , Daorattanachai Pornlada , Rungnim Chompoonut , Prasitnok Kongvit , Rungtaweevoranit Bunyarat , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Khemthong Pongtanawat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey information on direct conversion of fructose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) over Lewis acid sites was investigated by combining experimental and computational studies. A series of alpha‐copper pyrophosphate (α‐Cu2P2O7) was synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst model for bifunctional acid‐catalyzed fructose dehydration under hot compressed water at mild temperature. Structural and phase transformations of the catalyst samples were systematically characterized by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (in situ XAS), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The type of acidic site was verified by in situ pyridine‐adsorbed Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ Py‐FTIR). Results revealed that calcination temperature greatly impacted microstructure, acid strength, and activity of the α‐Cu2P2O7 catalysts. Lewis acid sites showed the main activity on α‐Cu2P2O7 catalyst surfaces. Catalytic performance was strongly dependent on reaction temperature and reaction time. Under optimal reaction condition, the calcined sample at 900 °C exhibited the best catalytic performance with 5‐HMF production yield of 42.0%. Results from density functional theory (DFT) revealed that fructose dehydration over α‐Cu2P2O7 catalyst was enhanced by increasing reaction thermodynamics via Lewis acid sites.
Nonlinear propagation of low‐frequency electromagnetic disturbances in plasmas
Authors: Yadav Sharad Kumar , Bera Ratan Kumar , Verma Deepa , Kaw Predhiman , Das Amita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) waves/disturbances are typically the best means to understand and analyse an ionized medium like plasma. However, the propagation of EM waves with a frequency lower than the plasma frequency is prohibited by the freely moving charges of the plasma. In dense plasmas, though the plasma frequency can be typically quite high, EM sources at such higher frequency are not easily available. It is, therefore, of interest to seek possibilities wherein a low frequency (lower than the plasma frequency) EM disturbance propagates inside a plasma. This is possible in the context of magnetized plasmas. However, in order to have a magnetized plasma response in high‐density plasmas, one requires an extremely strong external magnetic field. In this manuscript, it is demonstrated that the nonlinearity of the plasma medium can aid the propagation of a slow (effective frequency lower than the plasma frequency) EM wave inside an overdense plasma. A possible mechanism of guiding, collimating, and trapping of the EM pulse or electron current pulses by appropriate tailoring of the local plasma density profile is also shown. Certain interesting applications of the propagation of such slow EM pulse through the inhomogeneous plasma is also discussed.
Excitation of upper‐hybrid plasma wake wave by a low‐frequency extraordinary electromagnetic wave
Authors: Akou H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe excitation of upper‐hybrid wake electrostatic wave by interaction of an extraordinary Gaussian wave propagating perpendicular to the external magnetic field in a cold homogeneous plasma is investigated using magnetohydrodynamics theory. The plasma oscillations can be excited due to the charge separation appeared by the ponderomotive force of the electromagnetic wave whose frequency is considered in the lower pass band. By obtaining the equation governing the plasma wake, the dependency of the wake amplitude on the physical parameters is studied. It is observed that larger wake oscillation takes place when the pulse length is approximately close to 3λp/π and the X‐wave frequency is greater than ωp, which means that the phase velocity is less than the speed of light in vacuum (vp < c).
Routing and collision avoidance techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: Analysis, optimal solutions, and future directions
Authors: Sharma Bhisham , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Sharma Vinay , Hsiao Kuei‐Fang 
Published: January 2021

SummaryRouting remains the most important problem to be explored, for discovering an ideal pathway in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Several problems for identifying and targeting location continue giving the immense motility of UAVs. In routing planning, optimum decisions have to be taken for several vital operations for solving the issues in UAVs. Many types of routing techniques of UAVs, which have been used for many years, have been analyzed in this paper. Routing techniques aim to provide striking‐free surroundings to the UAVs and not only to find an optimum path but also the smallest path. Routing techniques play a vital part in the development of a secured way in a minimal time to reach the ultimate destination and hence much needed. There are various routing techniques, real‐time applications of UAVs which are elaborated in this paper, namely, representative, cooperative, and noncooperative techniques. In UAV, collision avoidance is very important for the obstacle‐free environment. Collision avoidance techniques are discussed for a safe environment of UAV. Further, the UAVs network communication coverage and connectivity by these techniques are discussed. Finally, we discuss the security and connectivity and future directions in UAV.