bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
835Neighbourhoods and mental health in early childhood: what does the evidence tell us?
Authors: Alderton Amanda , Villanueva Karen , O'Connor Meredith , Boulangé Claire , Badland Hannah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Mental health inequities can emerge early in life and are shaped by the daily conditions and environments where children develop, including neighbourhoods. Synthesizing evidence around neighbourhoods, disadvantage, and early childhood mental health can advance understandings of neighbourhood features (e.g. housing, parks) associated with (1) optimal mental health and (2) narrowing inequities.

Methods
We systematically searched and critically reviewed the international quantitative literature investigating associations between the neighbourhood built environment and young children’s (0-8 years) mental health, including positive aspects (‘competence’) and difficulties.

Results
Eight of the 14 included studies examined nature or public open space (parks); seven found some association between greater access to neighbourhood nature or parks and better mental health. Significant gaps included few studies investigating: (1) social infrastructure (e.g. services, childcare), (2) competence, (3) the extent to which the neighbourhood built environment closed the gap (versus benefiting children generally), and (4) pathways between neighbourhoods, disadvantage, and mental health.

Conclusions
Emerging evidence suggests that features of the neighbourhood are associated with young children’s mental health. Future research should unpack the neighbourhood’s role in narrowing inequities in early childhood. Availability of population linked geospatial and child development data in Australia offers opportunities to address these gaps and is prioritized as the next step in this research program.

Key messages
The neighbourhood built environment holds potential for promoting young children’s mental health. Future research should examine its potential to reduce inequities during early childhood.
1356Translating urban health research in Bangkok: partnership framework for building capacity in monitoring liveability
Authors: Alderton Amanda , Nitvimol Kornsupha , Higgs Carl , Butterworth Iain , Correia Joana , Davern Melanie , Badland Hannah 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
This poster outlines a partnership framework for developing a web-based liveability indicators monitoring system for Bangkok, Thailand, as a mechanism for translating urban health research into urban planning and policy. We reflect on our partnership with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, including its critical success factors and framing around the Sustainable Development Goals, and provide an overview of the capacity building program supporting the use of the indicators in practice.

Findings
In total, 65 indicators were calculated for Bangkok and housed in a web-based urban liveability portal. A series of capacity building activities, including face-to-face meetings, webinars and online presentations, supported the use of these indicators in monitoring liveability. Numerous critical success factors were identified, such as having a bilingual liaison as well as two working groups within the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

Conclusions/Implications
This partnership provides a framework for other cities seeking to translate urban health research and progress the Sustainable Development Goals through building capacity in monitoring liveability. Future international partnerships should seek to engage partners through a mix of face-to-face and online activities and develop project governance structures (e.g. bilingual project liaison) that enable the prioritisation of local knowledge.

Key messages
This partnership provides a framework for translating urban health research into urban planning and policy, with relevance for other cities globally. It resulted in the mapping of 65 liveability indicators across Bangkok.
1364Predicting obesity and smoking using medication data: a machine-learning approach
Authors: Ali Sitwat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Administrative health datasets are widely used in public health research but often lack information about common confounders. We aimed to develop and validate machine learning (ML)-based models using medication data from Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database to predict obesity and smoking.

Methods
We used data from the D-Health Trial (N = 18,000) and the QSkin Study (N = 43,794). Smoking history, and height and weight were self-reported at study entry. Linkage to the PBS dataset captured 5 years of medication data after cohort entry. We used age, sex, and medication use, classified using Anatomical Therapeutic Classification codes, as potential predictors of smoking and obesity. We trained gradient-boosted machine learning models using data for the first 80% of participants enrolled; models were validated using the remaining 20%. We assessed model performance overall and by sex and age, and compared models generated using 3 and 5 years of PBS data.

Results
Based on the validation dataset using 3 years of PBS data, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 – 0.71) for predicting obesity and 0.71 (95% CI 0.70 – 0.72) for predicting smoking. Models performed better in women than in men. Using 5 years of PBS data resulted in marginal improvement.

Conclusions
Medication data in combination with age and sex can be used to predict obesity and smoking. These models may be of value to researchers using data collected for administrative purposes.
1315Influence of comorbidity on mortality in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis 1980-2015: A longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Almutairi Khalid , Nossent Johannes , Preen David , Keen Helen , Inderjeeth Charles 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
To describe temporal changes in mortality rates for patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to comorbidity accrual from 1980-2015 in Western Australia (WA).

Methods
Using population-level linked data from WA health administrative datasets (hospital morbidity, emergency department and death data) we followed 17,125 RA patients (ICD-10-AM M05.00–M06.99, ICD-9-CM 714) from 1980- 2015. Comorbidity was ascertained using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were calculated per decade between the RA cohort and the WA general population by direct age standardisation method,

Results
During 356,069 patient-years, a total of 8955 (52%) deaths occurred in the RA cohort. The highest prevalence of comorbidity (688.6 per 1000 separations) was in the period 1991-2000 following a 1.3% average annual increase since 1980. In-hospital mortality rate was highest (26.7 deaths per 1000 separations) in the same period. After 2001, both RA comorbidity and mortality rates decreased annually by -0.5% and -4.8%, respectively, with annual changes of -4.4% to -2% and from 2011-2015, respectively. The overall mortality rate in RA patients after age adjustment was 2.5-times (95%CI: 2.52-2.65) higher than the general population between 1980-2015 and 1.5-times (95%CI: 1.39-1.81) for 2011-2015.

Conclusions
The annual comorbidity prevalence and mortality rates in WA have decreased significantly since 2001 reflecting improvements in the management of RA and comorbidity.

Key messages
The mortality rate in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients in Western Australia remains 1.5-times higher than their community.
607Longitudinal weight gain and lifestyle factors in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Awoke Mamaru Ayenew , Earnest Arul , Joham Anju , Hodge Allison , Brown Wendy , Teede Helena , Moran Lisa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and greater weight gain than women without PCOS. The association of lifestyle factors with weight change in PCOS is not known.

Methods
We used data from the 1973-78 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health collected from seven surveys over 19 years (N = 14127 survey 1). Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between diet, physical activity, and sitting time with weight change, after adjustment for socio-demographics, psychological factors, and health care utilisation.

Results
Women with PCOS gained more weight annually (0·26 kg/year, 95% CI 0·13, 0·39; P &lt; 0·0001) and over 19 years (4·75 kg; 95% CI 3·17, 6·34; P &lt; 0·0001) than women without PCOS (adjusted analyses). For all women, there were positive associations between weight gain and energy intake, sitting time, and stress; inverse associations with fibre intake and physical activity; and no associations with diet quality, glycemic index, healthcare utilization, depression, or anxiety. There were interactions between lifestyle factors (energy intake P = 0·006, glycemic index P = 0·007, sitting time P = 0·029, and physical activity P = 0·022), PCOS status and time (age) such that weight gain varied between women with and without PCOS according to these factors.

Conclusions
Women with PCOS had a higher rate of weight gain than women without PCOS. This was most marked in those with indicators of unhealthy lifestyles. Increased stress, energy intake and sitting time and lower physical activity contributed to weight gain in women with and without PCOS.

Key messages
The findings reinforce the importance of early and ongoing lifestyle intervention and the potential use of specific lifestyle factors for weight gain prevention and management in PCOS.
250Different perspectives of survival outcomes for Australian cancer patients
Authors: Baade Peter , Kou Kou , Dasgupta Paramita , Cramb Susanna , Yu Xue Qin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
While relative survival is commonly used to describe cancer prognosis, its interpretation remains confusing. Alternative measures provide additional insights into the survival experience of Australian cancer patients.

Methods
Population-based cohort of over 2 million Australians diagnosed with 19 types of primary invasive cancer from 1982 to 2014 with mortality follow-up to 31 December 2015. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate loss of life expectancy, avoidable cancer deaths, crude survival, probability of cure and survival of uncured population for cancers diagnosed in Australia.

Results
There has been an overall decrease in the loss of life expectancy caused by a cancer diagnosis. Australians diagnosed in 2014 will gain an extra 432,588 life years due to the improvement in relative survival since 1982. Similarly, 29% (females) and 40% (males) of expected cancer deaths among the 2005-2014 cohort will be avoided compared to the 1985-1994 cohort. While the 10- year crude probability of cancer deaths decreased over time, patterns varied by cancer type. The crude probability of competing deaths increased with age. Between 1982 and 2009, the cure proportion increased significantly for all cancers.

Conclusion
Alternative measures of survival may help communicate the reducing impact that a cancer diagnosis has on average life expectancy.

Key messages
The growing number of Australian cancer survivors can pose emerging challenges to these patients, their caregivers, medical professionals and health-care systems in accessing or providing evidence-based survivorship and psychosocial care after a cancer diagnosis.
172A research-policy partnership for the achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Bangkok
Authors: Badland Hannah , Alderton Amanda , Higgs Carl , Davern Melanie , Butterworth Iain , Correia Joana , Nitvimol Kornsupha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of presentation
Through the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there is a major commitment from cities to prioritise health and wellbeing, reduce poverty, support environmental resilience, and increase liveability. Existing tools for tracking progress towards liveable, equitable cities have been developed primarily for high-income country contexts. This project is a collaboration led by RMIT University (Australia), partnering with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) (Thailand), the UN Global Compact - Cities Programme, and the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services (Australia). It aims to provide a proof-of-concept spatial indicators system using open access and local spatial data to monitor progress towards the SDGs in Bangkok.

Findings
Approximately 50 spatial indicators aligned to the SDGs have been generated for Bangkok. These are available in a range of formats, including a bi-lingual online-portal, and static and interactive maps. The BMA have identified three Bangkok districts for deeper interrogation, and on-going workshops shape the capacity building activities.

Conclusions/Implications
This partnership has enhanced understandings of liveability within the SDG framework including: i) providing indicators for monitoring liveability in a low-to-middle income city context; ii) developing an international liveability network and deeper understanding of challenges; and iii) creating opportunities for capacity building and reciprocal learning.

Key messages
There has been little ‘liveability’ guidance for cities in low- or middle-income country contexts. This project contributes to the global SDG agenda to enhance health and wellbeing through the built environment in diverse contexts.
1034All-cause mortality in Australia: impact of social isolation and living alone
Authors: Barr Margo , Kabir Alamgir , Harris-Roxas Ben , Comino Elizabeth , Jackson Tony , Crozier Ann-Marie , Goodger Brendan , Finch Julie , Harris Mark 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of social isolation (SI), living alone (LA) and loneliness among older people in Australia is 17%, 25% and 19% respectively. In a meta-analysis of 70 prospective studies undertaken by Holt-Lunstad et al (2015)1 they found, after controlling for covariates, a 29% increased all-cause mortality for SI, 32% for LA, and 26% for loneliness. But how accurate is this evidence for Australia considering that the meta-analysis only included three Australian studies; all only reporting on LA, and only one reported a significant effect of LA on total mortality.

Methods
We conducted a record linkage study in NSW using the Social Economic and Environmental Factors sub-study questionnaire data (n = 60,399) from the 45 and Up Study (n = 267,153) and death registrations (Centre for Health Record Linkage). Overall, 20% were SI and 18% were LA. Univariate and multivariable generalised linear models were used to estimate crude and adjusted 7-year all-cause mortality rate ratios (MRR).

Results
Crude MRR were 28% higher for SI and 98% higher for LA. When adjusted by age and sex they were still significantly higher (28% and 23% respectively). However, when controlled for covariates, SI was 9% higher [AdjRR(95%CI):1.09(1.01-1.18)] and LA had no effect on mortality [AdjRR(95%CI):1.05(0.94-1.18)].

Conclusions
As was the case for the Australian studies used in the meta-analysis we found no association between LA and all-cause mortality. We did however find a small significant effect for SI.

Key messages
Applying the overall meta-analysis results to Australia overestimates the effect of SI and LA on increased all-cause mortality.
1268Occupational risk factors for declined kidney function among field and non-field sugarcane workers in Peru
Authors: Bazalar-Palacios Janina , Zafra-Tanaka Jessica , Bazo-Alvarez Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Compare the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between field and non-field working in the sugar industry, exploring occupational factors associated with eGFR levels.

Methods
Cross-sectional study performed with workers of a sugar company in San Jacinto, Peru. We compared both groups regarding their eGFR&lt;90 (ml/min/1.73m2) estimated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI prediction equation. We analyzed heat stress, vigorous activities and dehydration as risk factors associated with eGFR. We fitted Poisson regression models with robust variance to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of eGFR&lt;90 between field and non-field and the association to risk factors.

Results
We analyzed the data from 137 men, aged 42.3 years (SD = 11.3) on average. Field (57/137, 41.6%) were exposed to higher occupational heat stress (median +0.1 °C), drank 0.7 litres more fluids, and developed more vigorous activities than non-field. The eGFR&lt;90 was more prevalent in field (31.6%) than in non-field (23.6%). After adjusting for occupational factors, the PR between field and non-field was 1.40 (95% CI:0.83-2.37). Occupational heat stress (PR:2.11; 95% CI:1.06-4.22) and age (PR:1.04; 95% CI:1.01-1.08) were associated with a deteriorated renal function (eGFR&lt;90).

Conclusions
Field had a more deteriorated kidney function compared to non-field. Strenuous work in high-temperature environments and age contribute to reducing the kidney function of field. Occupational interventions focused on these factors can help to reduce the incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease of an undetermined cause among Peruvian fields.

Key messages
Occupational health; Sugarcane work; CKDu.
931Work productivity trajectories in a representative sample of Australians living with multiple sclerosis- group-based modelling
Authors: Bessing Barnabas , Hussain Mohammad A. , Blizzard Leigh , Claflin Suzi B. , Taylor Bruce V. , Mei Assoc Ingrid van der 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Studies have documented loss of work capacity and work productivity loss in multiple sclerosis (MS). Little is known about the longitudinal trajectories of work productivity in MS.

Objectives
To explore trajectories of work productivity in people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and examine the baseline factors linked with assignment to the trajectories group.

Methods
Study participants were from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) from 2015 to 2018 who were employed with ≥2 datapoints (n = 1205). We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify unique work productivity trajectories in PwMS. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations with the work productivity trajectories.

Results
We identified three distinct trajectories of work productivity: ‘moderately worsened’ (16.7%) with a mean work productivity of 47.6% in 2015, ‘mildly worsened’ (50.1%) with a mean work productivity of 86.3% in 2015 and ‘normal’ (33.2%) with a mean work productivity of 99.7% in 2015. On multivariable analysis, the relative probability of being in moderately or mildly worsened work productivity trajectory were higher for baseline factors such as higher education level, longer disease duration, higher disability score, and high MS symptom severity. For example, the relative probability of being in ‘moderately worsened’ rather than ‘normal’ work productivity trajectory increased by 94% (RRR:1.94 ; 95% confidence interval:1.68 - 2.25) for each unit increase in ‘fatigue and cognitive symptoms’ cluster.

Conclusion
Education level, disability and MS symptom severity increased the probability of following low work productivity trajectory.

Key messages
Work productivity interventions should target MS symptom severity and disability reduction.
1062Effectiveness of recruitment and retention strategies in a population based prospective LoCARPoN AIIMS cohort study
Authors: Bhasin Renu , Prasad Kameshwar , Dwivedi Sadanand , Kant Shashi , Vibha Deepti , Verma Vivek 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In Indian population, recruitment and retention of elderly population for any study is challenging due to different demographic variations and ageing effects. In LoCARPoN (Longitudinal Cognition and Aging Research in the Population of National Capital Region) Cohort study which is first study in India to identify the risk factors for stroke or major cognitive disorders among elderly different multiple strategies were adopted for recruitment and retention of healthy participants aged 50 years and above .

Methods
The study was conducted in urban population in Delhi, India. The strategies adopted for recruitment and retention of participants for 3 years including follow up is done by following multiple principles viz, participants centric, resource management, system functionality, approachable facilities and other reinforcement tactics.

Results
Among 18294 households, 9817 households were found to be eligible to participate in the study. Out of that 7383 houses were approachable others refused (2434) at first stage. By following the strategies which incorporates participants’ satisfaction, efficient system functionality and reliable information a total of 12250 eligible participants in 7383 houses were contacted, out of them 8858 (72.3%) were consented to visit medical sites . Out of he Consented individuals 7505 (61.3 %) visited medical site.

Conclusions
The multiple strategies used were very effective for recruitment and retention of cohort participants

Key messages
Multiple strategies concerning study participants needs flexible and approachable techniques helps in recruitment and retention in any longitudinal cohort studies.
961Absolute cardiovascular disease risk scores and medication use in rural India
Authors: Birhanu Mulugeta Molla , Evans Roger G , Zengin Ayse , Riddell Michaela A , Kalyanram Kartik , Kartik Kamakshi , Suresh Oduru , Thomas Nihal , Srikanth Velandai K , Thrift Amanda G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) have limited resources to tackle the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most screening guidelines recommend the use of absolute risk scoring to determine treatment, but there is uncertainty among policy makers and clinicians about which risk algorithm to choose. We aimed to compare laboratory-based absolute CVD risk algorithms in a LMIC setting.

Methods
The study was conducted in the Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India. Over 8,000 participants were surveyed between 2012-2015. The 10-year absolute risk was computed and compared using the Framingham, WHO, and Australian absolute risk CVD algorithms.

Results
In participants aged 35-74 years, 151 (3%) had prior CVD. In all algorithms, absolute CVD risk increased with age and was greater in men than women. Using the WHO algorithm 4% were characterized as high-risk while &gt;29% were at high-risk using the Australian risk tool. Agreement of risk classification among men ranged from a high of 84% (Spearman’s rho (rs) =0.92) between Australian and Framingham algorithms to 43% (rs=0.6) between the Australian and WHO risk scores. Among the high-risk population, only 15% were on lipid-lowering or antihypertensive therapy.

Conclusions
The Framingham and Australian risk scores enable some discrimination between high- and low-risk groups. However, the WHO algorithm underestimates these high-risk groups. Even though one third of the participants were at high-risk, most of them were not receiving recommended treatment.

Key messages
Lab-based CVD risk assessment tools have the potential in identifying high-risk populations in LMICs but the WHO risk scoring tool should be used with caution.