bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsporidial Keratoconjunctivitis in South India - Various Presentations, Role of Therapeutic Debridement and Topical Voriconazole
Authors: Potti Sudhakar , Nayak Aparna , Banigallapati Shashidhar , Venigalla Madhuri 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
To report various presentations and the effect of therapeutic debridement with topical Voriconazole in Microsporidial epithelial keratitis

Design:
Retrospective analysis

Methods and Material:
33 eyes of 32 patients of clinically and microbiologically proven Microsporidial epithelial keratitis were included. Diagnosis was done with Gram staining and confirmed by modified Ziehl Neelsen (1% Acid fast). All lesions were therapeutically debrided and 1% topical voriconazole was given and followed up weekly until resolution.

Results:
The mean age of our patients was 32 years (Range: 10-68 years). The disease was more common in young adults (21-30 years age group). All patients had undergone therapeutic debridement and prescribed 1% topical voriconazole and were symptomatically better. Visual acuity ranged from log MAR 0.6 to log MAR 0.00 which further improved after resolution. Significant visual loss did not occur in any patient.

Conclusion:
Microsporidial epithelial keratitis is more common than expected in young, healthy individuals including doctors and are typically confused with viral keratitis. The disease showed complete resolution with no recurrence with therapeutic debridement and topical voriconazole therapy.
Determination of Heavy Metals and Anti – Nutrients in Cow Meat Sold in Minna, Major Markets
Authors: Onuruoiza Suleiman I. , Itopa Suleiman A. , Emmanuel Jwan’an L. , Yetunde Adebiyi H. , Cornelius Aderemi O. , Hebron Habakkuk 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Meat is a major source of protein for the urban – population, but it could be susceptible to contamination by heavy metals, heavy metals and anti - nutrients pose a serious threat to human well being due to thier toxicity and chelating activity, this call for the need to determine thier level in meat which is one of our daily food.
Objectives: This study is designed to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Cupper, Cadmium, and Zinc) and anti-nutrients (Phytate, Oxalate and cyanogenic glycoside) in cow meat sold in different locations in Minna, Niger State.
Method: A total of 12 beef samples were bought from beef outlet in 4 major markets in Minna namely Bosso Market, Kure Market, Mobil Market, and Tunga Market. The level of the heavy metals were assayed using Atomic Absorbance Spectrophotometry (AAS) while that of anti – nutrients were determined using standard analytical methods.
Results: Show that the concentration of Lead is highest across all locations while that of Zinc is the lowest across all locations. The order of the level of heavy metal concentration across the locations are Pb > Cd = Cu >Cr > Zn. Lead (Pb) concentrations across the four markets are 6.340±1.3562µg/g, 6.766±0.3684µg/g, 6.057±1.2097µg/g, 3.716±0.247µg/g respectively, while that of zinc are 0.310±0.0061µg/g, 0.304±0.0023µg/g, 0.298±0.0227µg/g, 0.299±0.0180µg/g respectively.
Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that heavy metal toxicity could result from the consumption of cow meat from these study areas.
Tornumonkpe Distribution: Statistical Properties and Goodness of Fit
Authors: Nwikpe Barinaadaa John 
Published: July 2021

A new sole parameter probability distribution named the Tornumonkpe distribution has been derived in this paper. The new model is a blend of gamma (2, and gamma(3 distributions. The shape of its density for different values of the parameter has been shown. The mathematical expression for the moment generating function, the first three raw moments, the second and third moments about the mean, the distribution of order statistics, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness has been given. The parameter of the new distribution was estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The goodness of fit of the Tornumonkpe distribution was established by fitting the distribution to three real life data sets. Using -2lnL, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) as criterial for selecting the best fitting model, it was revealed that the new distribution outperforms the one parameter exponential, Shanker and Amarendra distributions for the data sets used.
A Synthesis of Substituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazole, Pyrazole Deravatives and It’s Biological Activities
Authors: D’souza Alphonsus , Nayak Prashant , Khandige Prasanna Shama , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Nicotine Substituted 1,3,4 Oxadiazole and pyrazole moieties were integrated by utilizing hydrazide as halfway .Oxadiazole were acquired by two techniques one is by utilizing PoCl3 within the sight of fragrant corrosive ,other is by utilizing carbon disulphide in the presence ofpotassium hydroxide as an impetus .Pyrazoles were likewise gotten by ehtylacetoacetate we acquired unrefined item and again it was recrystallized by utilizing alcohol.All incorporated mixtures were evaluated for Antibacterial activity and enaminones showed promising action against standard medication ciprofloxacin.
Methods: TLC on silica gel G was used to check for homogeneity of the title compound. H NMR, Mass, and IR Spectra were used to characterise these compounds, and their antibacterial activity was tested.
Results: All of these compounds, including nicotine substituted ester, hydrazide, 1,3,4 Oxadiazole, and pyrazole, showed antibacterial activity. The maximum activity of enaminones was comparable to that of the standard drug ciprofloxacin (5mcg). Compound1 showed potent antimicrobial activity
Conclusion: In the zone of inhibition studies, all six samples at MIC concentrations showed reasonable antimicrobial activity Compound1 showed very good antimicrobial activity
Treating of Joint Pain - Arthritis through YOGA
Authors: Telang Amit , Iyer Subramaniam Seshan , Saoji Kunal , Gawande Vasant 
Published: July 2021

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more of your joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. Although there's no cure for arthritis, treatments have improved greatly in recent years and, for many types of arthritis, particularly inflammatory arthritis, there's a clear benefit in starting treatment at an early stage. Cartilage is a firm but flexible connective tissue in your joints. It protects the joints by absorbing the pressure and shock created when you move and put stress on them. A reduction in the normal amount of this cartilage tissue cause some forms of arthritis. Yoga is giving new lease of life to many, so to tackle chronic diseases it is providing remedies which will be effective for your entire life. It is delivered to many people by PATANJALI. Yoga can give support to patients having arthritis through its numerous relevant postures (asana’s) which can be done very simply. Yoga does not send a message that if you do it regularly you will be relieved from a particular ailment. If it is performed each day it will add vital energy for smooth life even if you are suffering from any long term ailment. In this article we will be providing 5 postures (asana’s) which can be performed at any time in the day but early morning will always be preferred (empty stomach) to get good result. Secondly this postures must be implemented after due consultation with your physician. If your physician disapproves don’t do these postures as it will be harmful for your body.
Self-Medication Practices: A Threatening Challenge
Authors: Bante Vaishnavi , Rahate Vaishali , Dixit Rahul , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Jha Roshan Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: Self-Medication is a growing concern for the health authorities especially in Urban population. This research was aimed to find the various determinants of Self-Medication and to assess the influence of Pharmacists, Perception about doctors, Self- Knowledge gaining attitude of the patients on Self-Medication.
Methods: This study was conducted in Nagpur city with a random sample constituting house wives, students, professionals and Businessman. The sample size was 71. Descriptive analyses, correlation analyses and multiple regressions were performed using SPSS Version 21.0.
Results: The results indicated that 80% of the housewives take the medicines on the basis of previous prescription, word of mouth or on the suggestion of the pharmacist. It was alarming to find that 76% of the students took the medicines on the basis of web search. Fever (39%), headache (33%) & Abdominal pain (23%) are the prominent reasons for Self-Medication. There was a positive correlation between Advice of Pharmacist, Self-knowledge collection attitude of the patient with the Self-Medication behavior. NSAID’s, anti-allergen and antibiotics are the most frequently used drugs.
Conclusion: Self-medication is an important health issue prevalent in India. Over the counter (OTC) and Old prescriptions available with the patients leads to rise in Self-Medication. There should be a strict regulatory control on procurement of drugs from the pharmacist.
Neuroprotective Outcome of Thymol against Global Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion injury in Albino Rats
Authors: Saila M. Hima , Ch Manga Devi , Thakur Santhrani 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The purpose of the present study was targeted to explore the possible role of thymol against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in albino rats.
Study Design: Healthy Albino Wistar rats (200–250 gm) were divided randomly into 5 groups (n=6). Group I and II were considered as normal control and sham control, received 2% tween 80 orally, group III was ischemic- reperfusion (disease control) and received 2% tween 80 orally and Group IV and V received thymol at doses of 50 mg/kg, per oral and 100 mg/kg, per oral. respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Sri Padmavathi School of pharmacy, Tiruchanur, Tirupati in between Sept 2019 to March 2020.
Methodology: Group I and II were considered as normal control and sham control, received 2% tween 80 orally, group III was ischemic- reperfusion (disease control) and received 2% tween 80 orally and Group IV and V received thymol at doses of 50 mg/kg, per oral (p.o) and 100 mg/kg, per oral (p.o). respectively. After pretreatment with thymol for 2 weeks, rats were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 1 hour accompanied by 22 hours reperfusion (I/R). After 22 hrs of reperfusion, motor coordination, hanging wire test, despair swim tests were studied. Antioxidant levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and pro-oxidant level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in brain tissue homogenate. Changes in cerebral infarct size and histopathology were studied.
Results: Pretreated groups of thymol (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o) showed significant improvement in neurobehavioral changes and attenuated oxidative damage as indicated by reduced LPO, restored GSH, SOD and CAT levels and decreased infract size when compared to ischemic reperfusion group.
Conclusion: This study suggests that thymol may have a beneficial role against global ischemia reperfusion induced damage caused by excessive free radicals and behavioral alterations in rats.
Consumers’ Post-purchase Regret Determinants in Sri Lankan Shopping Malls
Authors: Ekanayake E. A. S. K. , Karunarathne E. A. C. P. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: This study aims to find the factors affecting post-purchase regret at shopping malls in Sri Lanka. Marketing needs better recognition of customer behavior decisions. The importance of this study is to find the gaps in customer expectations and what malls actually deliver. It also aims to identify ways to create the best possible post-purchase customer experience.
Study design: Factors considered in this study have framed the number of alternatives forgone, the return process experience at mall shop, the self-esteem, and risk-aversion of the consumer.
Place and duration of study: People who have shopped at malls during the year 2020 were chosen via an online survey, and 369 responses were collected concerning the period mentioned above.
Methodology: A questionnaire was used to gather data, and its reliability has been tested with Pearson Product-Moment values and reliability measured via a factor analysis using SPSS application.
Results: The results indicated that the number of alternatives forgone, return procedure of the mall shop, and the consumers' self-esteem positively associated with post-purchase regret. At the same time, risk-aversion shows a negative relationship with post-purchase regret.
Conclusion: The number of alternatives is the most significant factor that relates to post-purchase regret. To lower the regret of alternatives forgone, mall shop managers must look into customer’s preferences. It is better to cluster the loyal and non-loyal customers in a long time. The number of options showcase in the mall must be limited, but with a sense of marketing. To decrease dissatisfaction with the return procedure, one should enhance the services behind the return procedure and provide correct directions. Risk aversion is negatively proportional to post-purchase regret.
Impact of overtime working and social interaction on the deterioration of mental well-being among full-time workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: Focusing on social isolation by household composition
Authors: Tomono Misa , Yamauchi Takashi , Suka Machi , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has forced many employees to alter both their work style and lifestyle. This study aimed to examine how the combination of changes in overtime working hours and social interaction affects the full-time employees’ mental well-being, focusing on the difference in household composition.

Methods
In November 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional Internet survey that included 4388 Japanese men and women aged 25–64 years, who continued the same full-time job during the pandemic. We performed a logistic regression analysis using a combination of the changes in overtime working hours and social interaction as an independent variable, and the presence/absence of deterioration of mental well-being as the dependent variable.

Results
Overall, 44% of participants reported the deterioration of mental well-being compared to before the outbreak. The multivariate analysis revealed that the participants coded as “increased overtime/decreased interaction” were significantly associated with the deterioration of mental well-being compared to those with “unchanged overtime/unchanged interaction” (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–2.89). Moreover, this association was relatively stronger among single-person households (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.50–4.69).

Conclusions
The negative combination of increasing overtime working hours and decreasing social interaction may have an impact on the deterioration of mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this association was comparably strong among single-person households. In the pandemic, it is necessary to pay close attention to both overtime working hours and the presence of social interaction to address the mental well-being among employees.
Alert system for monitoring changes in patient anatomy during radiation therapy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Schaly Bryan , Kempe Jeff , Venkatesan Varagur , Mitchell Sylvia , Chen Jeff 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to validate a previously developed algorithm for alerting clinicians when to consider re‐CT simulation due to changes in the patient's anatomy during radiation therapy of head and neck cancer. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were collected prospectively for 77 patients. Each CBCT was mathematically compared to a reference CBCT using the gamma index. We defined the match quality parameter (MQP) as an indicator of CBCT image similarity, where a negative MQP value indicates a poorer CBCT match than the match between the first two CBCT acquired during treatment. If three consecutive MQP values were below a chosen threshold, an “alert” is triggered to indicate action required, for example, possible re‐CT simulation. The timing of image review requests made by the radiation therapists and any re‐CT/re‐plan decisions were documented for each patient's treatment course. The MQP for each patient (including any re‐plans) was calculated in a manner that was blinded from the clinical process. The MQP as a function of fraction number was compared to actual clinical decisions in the treatment progress to evaluate alert system performance. There was a total of 93 plans (including re‐plans) with 34 positives (action required) and 59 negatives (no action required). The sensitivity of the alert system was 0.76 and the false positive rate was 0.37. Only 1 case out of the 34 positive cases would have been missed by both the alert system and our clinical process. Despite the false negatives and false positives, analysis of the timing of alert triggers showed that the alert system could have resulted in seven fewer clinical misses. The alert system has the potential to be a valuable tool to complement human judgment and to provide a quality assurance safeguard to help improve the delivery of radiation treatment of head and neck cancer.
Preclinical Cancer Theranostics—From Nanomaterials to Clinic: The Missing Link
Authors: Johnson Kochurani K. , Koshy Pramod , Yang Jia‐Lin , Sorrell Charles C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNanomaterials with cancer‐imaging and therapeutic properties have emerged as the principal focus of nanotheranostics. The past decade has experienced a significant increase in research in the design, formulation, and preclinical and clinical trials of theranostic nanosystems. However, current theranostic nanoformulations have yet to be approved by the FDA for clinical use. Consequently, the present review focuses on the importance of the careful examination of the in vivo preclinical status of specific nanotheranostic materials as a prerequisite for their clinical translation. The scope of coverage is structured according to all of the major organic, inorganic, 2D, and hybrid nanotheranostic materials and their in vivo preclinical status. The therapeutic advantages and limitations of these materials in animal models are considered and the various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarized.
2D van der Waals Heterojunction of Organic and Inorganic Monolayers for High Responsivity Phototransistors
Authors: Zhao Baolin , Gan Ziyang , Johnson Manuel , Najafidehaghani Emad , Rejek Tobias , George Antony , Fink Rainer H. , Turchanin Andrey , Halik Marcus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures composing of organic molecules with inorganic 2D crystals open the door to fabricate various promising hybrid devices. Here, a fully ordered organic self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) to construct hybrid organic–inorganic vdW heterojunction phototransistors for highly sensitive light detection is used. The heterojunctions, formed by layering MoS2 monolayer crystals onto organic [12‐(benzo[b]benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]thiophen‐2‐yl)dodecyl)]phosphonic acid SAM, are characterized by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as Kelvin probe force microscopy. Remarkably, this vdW heterojunction transistor exhibits a superior photoresponsivity of 475 A W−1 and enhanced external quantum efficiency of 1.45 × 105%, as well as an extremely low dark photocurrent in the pA range. This work demonstrates that hybridizing SAM with 2D materials can be a promising strategy for fabricating diversified optoelectronic devices with unique properties.
Oxygen‐Independent Photocleavage of Radical Nanogenerator for Near‐IR‐Gated and H2O‐Mediated Free‐Radical Nanotherapy
Authors: Chen Yixin , Xiang Huijing , Zhuang Shangwen , Shen Yujia , Chen Yu , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe oxygen‐dependent nature and limited penetration capacity of visible light render the low efficiency of photodynamic therapy in hypoxic and deep‐seated tumors. Therefore, the development of oxygen‐free photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by near‐IR (NIR) light‐cleavable photocages is in high demand. Here, an oxygen‐irrelevant PACT strategy based on NIR light‐triggered hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation is developed for free‐radical nanotherapy. Blebbistatin‐loaded upconversion of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (UCSNs‐B) is established to facilitate the high loading efficiency of blebbistatin and implement the efficient transformation of NIR light into blue light for unprecedented direct photorelease of oxygen‐independent •OH. Under NIR laser irradiation, UCSNs‐B converted NIR light into blue light, thus enabling the photocleavage of blebbistatin to induce the burst of •OH. The •OH burst under NIR laser irradiation further induces cancer cell apoptosis and significant suppression of hypoxic tumors. In addition, the gadolinium ion (Gd3+)‐doped UCSNs‐B are used as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging to facilitate real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic processes. This study effectively demonstrates that the UCSNs‐B act as NIR light‐triggered photocages to facilitate oxygen‐irrelevant •OH bursts, thus providing insights into the development of efficient PACT nanoagents for cancer treatment.
Large‐Area Vertically Aligned Bismuthene Nanosheet Arrays from Galvanic Replacement Reaction for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Conversion
Authors: Fan Jia , Zhao Xuan , Mao Xinnan , Xu Jie , Han Na , Yang Hao , Pan Binbin , Li Yongshen , Wang Lu , Li Yanguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of straightforward methods to prepare high‐quality bismuthene nanosheets, or, even more challengingly, to grow their arrays due to the low melting point and high oxophilicity of bismuth. This synthetic obstacle has hindered their potential applications. In this work, it is demonstrated that the galvanic replacement reaction can do the trick. Under well‐controlled conditions, large‐area vertically aligned bismuthene nanosheet arrays are grown on Cu substrates of various shapes and sizes. The product features small nanosheet thickness of two to three atomic layers, large surface areas, and abundant porosity between nanosheets. Most remarkably, bismuthene nanosheet arrays grown on Cu foam can enable efficient CO2 reduction to formate with high Faradaic efficiency of >90%, large current density of 50 mA cm−2, and great stability.