bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolite profiling and characterization of diterpenes and flavones from the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata using HPLC-LC-MS/MS
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Sonter Shruti , Mishra Shringika , Singh Priyanka , Singh Prashant Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant that contains various classes of bioactive secondary metabolites. It is widely used by the traditional medicinal healers for treatment of malaria and other diseases. There is an urgent need for screening of potent novel compounds from the methanol extract of A. paniculata. Earlier, we obtained appreciable in vitro anti-malarial activity (IC50-10.75 μg/ml) in the same plant. In current study, we developed novel analytical methods for rapid identification and characterization of diterpenes and flavones using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and identified major compounds that might possess anti-malarial activities.

Results
Based on the chromatographic and mass spectrometric features, we have identified a total of 74 compounds (25 compounds from positive ion mode; 49 compounds from negative ion mode). The mass spectrum data predicted andrographolide (15%) presence in the highest amount in both positive and negative ion modes. Based on the percentage purity, Andrographolide and skullcapflavone I was selected as representative class of diterpenes and flavones for fragmentation studies.

Conclusions
The result led to identification of Neoandrographolide, andrographolactone, 14-dehydroxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, skullcapflavone I, and 5-Hydroxy-2′,7,8-tri methoxy flavone from the methanolic extract of A. paniculata that is used in traditional medicine by tribal healers of Amarkantak region for treating malaria. These could be lead compounds for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs.
Pharmacognostical evaluation and anti-convulsant property of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root
Authors: Manoj Kumar S. , Azamthulla Mohammad , Saravanan Kamatchi Sundara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The present investigation was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostical parameters and preliminary phytochemical screening of Annona reticulata Linn. (Annonaceae) root. Pharmacognostical studies and phytochemical evaluation of A. reticulata root were carried out by following standard procedures to provide information that help to identify the species. The species of Annonaceae family are documented to possess anticonvulsant property, while A. reticulata and its root are reported to be used as a folklore medicine to treat epilepsy. In this study, anti-convulsant activity of the root extract was further investigated in mouse model with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.). Diazepam (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard anti-convulsant drug. Prior to induction of seizures, ethanol extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.,) and 0.1% sodium CMC were administered. Later, the onset, duration of convulsions along with recovery was recorded.

Results
A. reticulata can be recognized by its crown shape, leaves with lengthy petioles, fleshy petals and heart-shaped fruits. Roots are cylindrical with rootlets and have aromatic odour. Presence of oil globules and rhomboidal calcium oxalate crystals in cortex, sclerenchyma cells in cortex and secondary phloem, starch grains in cortex, secondary phloem and secondary xylem, and uni- to tri-seriate medullary rays are the key diagnostic characters of root. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, proteins, fixed oil and fats. The total alkaloid content in the root was 0.524% w/w, while total flavonoid and total phenolic content in ethanol extract were 16.65 mg QE/g and 59.54 mg GAE/g, respectively. Based on the values obtained from anti-convulsant activity, it is evident that the ethanol extract offered significant protection against PTZ-induced convulsion in mice.

Conclusion
The current pharmacognostical study aids not only in identification of crude drug material but also in establishing the standardization parameters. Further, the findings of this study indicated that the ethanolic extract of Annona reticulata Linn root displayed significant anti-convulsant property and this property could be attributed to imperative bioactives like flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, in addition to other secondary metabolites.
Nanofiber as a novel vehicle for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Verma Shivani , Joshi Kajal , Utreja Puneet , Sharma Sumit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Transdermal delivery of drugs is a quite challenging task for pharmaceutical scientists. The transdermal route is preferred over the oral route due to various advantages like avoidance of the first-pass effect, non-invasiveness, and high patient compliance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective carrier system that enables the effective passage of the drug through the dermal barrier.

Main body of abstract
Various novel drug delivery systems are used to enhance the permeation of a variety of drugs through the skin barrier. Researchers around the globe have explored nanofibers for the transdermal delivery of various therapeutic agents. Nanofibers are designed to have a high concentration of therapeutic agents in them promoting their flux through various skin layers. Polymeric nanofibers can be explored for the loading of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Biopolymer-based nanofibers have been also explored for transdermal delivery. They are capable of controlling the release of therapeutic agents for a prolonged time.

Short conclusion
The literature presented in this review paper provides significant proof that nanofibers will have an intense impact on the transdermal delivery of different bioactive molecules in the future.

Graphic abstract
Quality control and standardization of Quercetin in herbal medicines by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques
Authors: Kagawad Pooja , Gharge Shankar , Jivaje Kadambari , Hiremath Sushmita I. , Suryawanshi Shailendra S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Herbal medicines and their preparations have been mostly used since from thousands of years in all developing and developed countries in the primary health care of society and community. Flavonoids are the class of polyphenolic compounds, which are mainly distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Quercetin is a flavonoid which shows major pharmacological activities and effectively used for the management and treatment of various diseases and disorders. Many herbal medicines and their formulations containing Quercetin are available in market and hence quality control of Quercetin in is very important and essential in manufacturing industries

Main body of the abstract
We have reviewed various scientific research published on quality control analysis and standardization of Quercetin in its isolated form, extract or any other herbal or polyherbal preparation. We have mainly focused on the spectroscopic and chromatographic methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Quercetin and they were comprehensively presented in the present review work.

Short conclusion
The present review concludes that the spectroscopic and chromatographic methods play great role in the quality control and standardization of Quercetin in its isolated form, extract and in its herbal and polyherbal preparation.
Genome-wide binding analysis of the tomato transcription factor SlDof1 reveals its regulatory impacts on fruit ripening
Authors: Wang Yuying , Wang Peiwen , Wang Weihao , Kong Lingxi , Tian Shiping , Qin Guozheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe DNA binding with one finger (Dof) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in a variety of biological processes. However, little is known about their functions in fruit ripening, a flowering-plant-specific process that is required for seed maturation and dispersal. Here, we found that the tomato Dof transcription factor SlDof1, is necessary for normal fruit ripening. Knockdown of SlDof1 expression by RNA interference delayed ripening-related processes, including lycopene synthesis and ethylene production. Transcriptome profiling indicated that SlDof1 influences the expression of hundreds of genes, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed a large number of SlDof1 binding sites. A total of 312 genes were identified as direct targets of SlDof1, among which 162 were negatively regulated by SlDof1 and 150 were positively regulated. The SlDof1 target genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, and follow-up analyses verified that SlDof1 directly regulates some well-known ripening-related genes including ACS2 and PG2A as well as transcriptional repressor genes such as SlIAA27. Our findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying fruit ripening and highlight a gene potentially useful for genetic engineering to control ripening.
Genomic Profiling of Premenopausal HR+ and HER2– Metastatic Breast Cancer by Circulating Tumor DNA and Association of Genetic Alterations With Therapeutic Response to Endocrine Therapy and Ribociclib
Authors: Bardia Aditya , Su Fei , Solovieff Nadia , Im Seock-Ah , Sohn Joohyuk , Lee Keun Seok , Campos-Gomez Saul , Jung Kyung Hae , Colleoni Marco , Vázquez Rafael Villanueva , Franke Fabio , Hurvitz Sara , Harbeck Nadia , Chow Louis , Taran Tetiana , Rodriguez Lorenc Karen , Babbar Naveen , Tripathy Debu , Lu Yen-Shen 
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE This analysis evaluated the genomic landscape of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer and the association of genetic alterations with response to ribociclib in the phase III MONALEESA-7 trial. METHODS Premenopausal patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive endocrine therapy plus ribociclib or placebo. Plasma collected at baseline was sequenced using targeted next-generation sequencing for approximately 600 relevant cancer genes. The association of circulating tumor DNA alterations with progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated to identify biomarkers of response and resistance to ribociclib. RESULTS Baseline circulating tumor DNA was sequenced in 565 patients; 477 evaluable patients had evidence of ≥ 1 alteration. The most frequent alterations included PIK3CA (29%), TP53 (19%), CCND1 (10%), MYC (8%), GATA3 (8%), receptor tyrosine kinases (18%), and the Chr8p11.23 locus (13%). A treatment benefit of ribociclib was seen with wild-type (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.61]) and altered (HR 0.56 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.89]) PIK3CA. Overall, patients with altered CCND1 had shorter PFS regardless of treatment, suggesting CCND1 as a potential prognostic biomarker. Benefit with ribociclib was seen in patients with altered (HR 0.22 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.55]) or wild-type (HR 0.50 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.67]) CCND1, but greater benefit was observed with altered, suggesting predictive potential of CCND1. Alterations in TP53, MYC, Chr8p11.23 locus, and receptor tyrosine kinases were associated with worse PFS, but ribociclib benefit was independent of alteration status. CONCLUSION In this study—to our knowledge, the first large study of premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced breast cancer—multiple genomic alterations were associated with poor outcome. A PFS benefit of ribociclib was observed regardless of gene alteration status, although in this exploratory analysis, a magnitude of benefits varied by alteration.
A feasibility pilot study of the effects of neurostimulation on dysphagia recovery in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Hammerbeck Ulrike , Michou Emilia , Cheng Ivy , Zhang Mengqing , James Charlotte , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dysphagia often occurs during Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can have severe consequences. Recently, neuromodulatory techniques have been used to treat neurogenic dysphagia. Here we aimed to compare the neurophysiological and swallowing effects of three different types of neurostimulation, 5 Hertz (Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 1 Hz rTMS and pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES). Method: 12 PD patients with dysphagia were randomised to receive either 5 Hz rTMS, 1 Hz rTMS, or PES. In a cross-over design, patients were assigned to one intervention and received both real and sham stimulation. Patients received a baseline videofluoroscopic (VFS) assessment of their swallowing, enabling penetration aspiration scores (PAs) to be calculated for: thin fluids, paste, solids and cup drinking. Swallowing timing measurements were also performed on thin fluid swallows only. They then had baseline recordings of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from both pharyngeal and (as a control) abductor pollicis brevis (APB) cortical areas using single-pulse TMS. Subsequently, the intervention was administered and post interventional TMS recordings were taken at 0 and 30 minutes followed by a repeat VFS within 60 minutes of intervention. Results: All interventions were well tolerated. Due to lower than expected recruitment, statistical analysis of the data was not undertaken. However, with respect to PAs swallowing timings and MEP amplitudes, there was visual separation in a positive direction between active and sham groups for all interventions. Conclusion: PES, 5 Hz rTMS and 1 Hz rTMS are tolerable interventions in PD related dysphagia. Due to small patient numbers no definitive conclusions could be drawn from the data with respect to individual interventions improving swallowing function and comparative effectiveness between interventions. Larger future studies are needed to further explore the efficacy of these neuromodulatory treatments in Parkinson’s Disease associated dysphagia.
ПОСТРОЕНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОДНОВРЕМЕННЫХ УРАВНЕНИЙ
Authors: Lazhauninkas Julia V. , Berdnova Ekaterina V. 
Published: September 2021

В настоящее время народное хозяйство нашей страны нуждается в четкой и эффективной экономической модели с возможностью проведения анализа доли денежных средств на потребление и инвестиции, так как государство заинтересовано в скорейшем росте и развитии различных отраслей. Предлагаемая авторами статьи модель со статистически значимыми коэффициентами обладает высокой точностью, а значит и эффективностью.
Цель: используя конкретные числовые данные, построить статическую модель Кейнса, определить параметры системы одновременных эконометрических уравнений, проанализировать получившуюся модель.
Метод и методология: общенаучные методы теоретического исследования: анализ и синтез, систематизация, обобщение, методы регрессионного анализа.
Результаты: получена структурная форма экономической модели сельскохозяйственной отрасли Саратовской области. Построенная модель свидетельствует о том, что из каждой дополнительной тысячи дохода на потребление расходуется 777 ден. ед., а 223 ден. ед. инвестируется; дополнительные вложения в размере 1 тысячи ден. ед. приведут при прочих равных условиях к дополнительному увеличению потребления на 3,48 тыс. ден. ед.; дополнительные инвестиции в размере 1 тыс. ден. ед. приведут при прочих равных условиях к увеличению дополнительного дохода на 4,48 тыс. ден. ед.
Область применения: результаты исследования могут быть использованы для оценки эффективности субсидирования различных отраслей народного хозяйства на уровне регионов, то есть для получения числовых значений денежных средств на потребление и инвестиции, а также для расчета инвестиционного мультипликатора потребления и инвестиционного мультипликатора национального дохода.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ВОЕННО-ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Plotnik Mihail A. 
Published: September 2021

Рост геополитической нестабильности в сочетании с ограничениями, связанными с пандемией коронавируса Covid-19, ведет к рискам нарушения функционирования цепей поставок. Особенно велики эти угрозы для цепей поставок, связанных с ресурсным обеспечением военной организации. По этой причине необходимо разработать перечень мероприятий для повышения устойчивости военно-логистических систем.
Цель: разработка модели проведения мероприятий, направленных на повышение устойчивости военно-логистических систем.
Методы: в статье использовался общенаучный метод анализ и синтеза, а также метод анализа источников.
Результаты: предложена последовательность и состав мероприятий по повышению устойчивости военно-логистической системы.
АНАЛИЗ КОНФЛИКТНОЙ СРЕДЫ ВНУТРИ КОЛЛЕКТИВА НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРСОНАЛА МЕДЕЦИНСКОГО УЧЕРЕЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Shakirova Dinara M. , Sultanova Gulia M. , Tomashova Anastasia G. , Ivanova Karina V. , Imasheva Sholpan E. , Ivanova Yulia A. 
Published: September 2021

В статье раскрывается понятие конфликта с точки зрения социального и психологического явления, на базе теоретических материалов выявляется его наиболее распространенный тип, а также рассматривается специфика конфликта в организации и влияние на работу внутри нее. В научной работе представлен анализ конфликтов на примере выбранного медицинского учреждения. В ходе исследования была составлена анонимная анкета, включающая в себя вопросы, отвечая на которые сотрудники организации высказываются о наличии причин конфликтов в своем коллективе, а также дают индивидуальную оценку о рабочей среде коллектива и организации с учетом конфликтов. Результаты исследования представлены в виде статьи с количественными данными, полученными в ходе опроса и анализа данных. Выводы, полученные в процессе обработки результатов, способствуют выявлению предполагаемой методики разрешения конфликтов и дальнейшему решению конфликтных ситуаций в организациях подобного типа.
Цель исследования – изучить конфликтные ситуации на примере выбранного коллектива, определить их причины и способы решения.
Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались статистические методы анализа, а также практическое исследование на основе анкетирования.
Результаты: получены данные о «конфликте» как социальном явлении, проанализирована конфликтная среда выбранной организации, сделаны выводы о причинах конфликта и предложены пути разрешения конфликтных ситуаций.
Область применения результатов: полученные результаты имеют место применения как в научных и учебных целях для демонстрации явления конфликта и примере конфликтной среды, а так же в процессе обучения и найма менеджеров организаций любого уровня, для четкого понимания сотрудника о конфликте.
Extending the Scope of Robust Quadratic Optimization
Authors: Marandi Ahmadreza , Ben-Tal Aharon , den Hertog Dick , Melenberg Bertrand 
Published: September 2021

We derive computationally tractable formulations of the robust counterparts of convex quadratic and conic quadratic constraints that are concave in matrix-valued uncertain parameters. We do this for a broad range of uncertainty sets. Our results provide extensions to known results from the literature. We also consider hard quadratic constraints: those that are convex in uncertain matrix-valued parameters. For the robust counterpart of such constraints, we derive inner and outer tractable approximations. As an application, we show how to construct a natural uncertainty set based on a statistical confidence set around a sample mean vector and covariance matrix and use this to provide a tractable reformulation of the robust counterpart of an uncertain portfolio optimization problem. We also apply the results of this paper to norm approximation problems. Summary of Contribution: This paper develops new theoretical results and algorithms that extend the scope of a robust quadratic optimization problem. More specifically, we derive computationally tractable formulations of the robust counterparts of convex quadratic and conic quadratic constraints that are concave in matrix-valued uncertain parameters. We also consider hard quadratic constraints: those that are convex in uncertain matrix-valued parameters. For the robust counterpart of such constraints, we derive inner and outer tractable approximations.
How Do Restrictions on Advertising Affect Consumer Search?
Authors: Chiou Lesley , E. Tucker Catherine 
Published: September 2021

Advertising is often criticized for presenting only partial or selective information about products. This criticism is particularly pronounced for health products, where large asymmetries in information may exist between consumers and firms. This paper explores how government restrictions designed to prevent selective advertising affect the types of information to which consumers are exposed. We exploit a natural experiment in the form of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) crackdown that prevented pharmaceutical companies from using selectively chosen information in their Internet search ads. Because companies could not adequately document side effects within the advertising space allowed, they removed their ads. Our results suggest that, after the ads were removed, consumers were more likely to seek information from websites based on user-generated content or websites that focused on medical treatments not regulated by the FDA, such as Canadian pharmacies and sites promoting herbal remedies. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Youth Care Health Service Program in the West Lingkar Health Center of Bengkulu City
Authors: Oktarianita Oktarianita , Pratiwi Bintang Agustina , Febriawati Henni , Yanuarti Riska 
Published: August 2021

Background: One of the strategies to overcome adolescent problems is the formation of the Youth Care Health Service Program or Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR). PKPR itself is a health service program aimed at adolescents and is a forum for overcoming adolescent problems. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the PKPR program in the working area of the West Lingkar Health Center. Method: This research was a qualitative descriptive study conducted in March-April 2021. The methods used were observation and in-depth interviews with seven informants: the person in charge of the PKPR program, health workers, peer counselors, and youth participating in PKPR. Results: The results showed that the PKPR program was aligned with the 2014 standard guidelines. This research was done inside and outside the health center by collaborating with PKPR's person in charge and the health team based on the Decree of PKPR implementation. PKPR program is held in three schools in the working area of the West Lingkar Health Center and provides services such as health checks, counseling, and education about youth health. The peer counselor training subprogram has fulfilled the standard 10% of the target schools. PKPR is fully funded by the Special Operational Assistance or Bantuan Operasional Khusus (BOK) fund. Recording and reporting were done every two to three months to the public health office. Monitoring was reported during the activities, while the evaluation report is annual. This research discovered the availability of counseling rooms and related references about communication, information, and education books on PKPR. This research had collaborated with cross-sectors such as schools and the National Antinarcotics Agency. Conclusion: Implementation is under PKPR guidelines, but overall it was still not optimal. There was no regular socialization of PKPR, especially for youth who did not attend school.