bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KADAR ANTIBODI RESEPTOR ASETILKOLIN DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN PENYAKIT MIASTENIA GRAVIS DI RS CIPTO MANGUNKUSUMO
Authors: Hakim Manfaluthy , Tiara Fika , Yanuar Ahmad , Wiratman Winnugroho , Ari Indriawati Luh , Budikayanti Astri , Octaviana Fitri 
Published: April 2021

Pendahuluan: Antibodi reseptor asetilkolin (anti-AChR) merupakan antibodi utama dalam patogenesis penyakit miastenia gravis (MG). Pemeriksaan antibodi ini merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan penting dalam menegakkan diagnosa. Gambaran klinis MG dapat terbagi menjadi MG okular, MG generalisata dan MG bulbar. Tiap individu dapat memiliki derajat keparahan yang berbeda yang dinilai berdasarkan MG composite score (MG-cs).
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan kadar anti-AChR dengan derajat keparahan penyakit MG berdasarkan MG-cs di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM).
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang yang melibatkan pasien MG di RSCM pada bulan Januari 2017- November 2017. Kriteria inklusi subjek ialah pasien yang telah didiagnosa MG berusia 18-75 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar anti-AChR dengan metode ELISA. Penilaian MG-cs dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengambilan sampel darah.
Hasil: Didapatkan 72 subjek yang sesuai kriteria inklusi. Rerata usia subjek adalah 43 tahun (SD 12,56) dengan jenis kelamin perempuan lebih banyak (2,5:1). Gejala okular merupakan gejala terbanyak saat awitan (79,2%) dan early onset MG lebih banyak ditemukan (77,8%). Sebanyak 59,7% subjek memiliki seropositif anti-AChR. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna seropositifitas anti-AChR pada kelompok berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia awitan, tipe MG, dan pemberian terapi imunosupresan. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara kadar anti-AChR dengan MG-cs (p=0,727).
Diskusi: Kadar anti-AChR tidak berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan penyakit MG.
Kata kunci: Antibodi reseptor asetilkolin, derajat keparahan MG, MG-cs
PERAN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMGAGING DALAM DIAGNOSIS DAN PROGNOSIS CEDERA MEDULA SPINALIS AKUT
Authors: Eddy Yunus Reyhan , Budianto Taufik , Pingkan Siregar Trifonia , Salamah Thariqah , Aviesena Zairinal Ramdinal , Triadi Wijaya Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

Cedera atau trauma medula spinalis merupakan salah satu jenis cedera yang sering ditemui dan dapat berakibat fatal. Secara klinis, cedera medula spinalis dapat dinilai dengan pemeriksaan fisis terstandar dari International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Patients yaitu panduan American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale atau biasa disebut AIS. Hasil pemeriksaan dari skor AIS yang dihubungkan dengan pemeriksaan MRI untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan menetukan prognosis pasien. Pada kasus ini akan dilaporkan pasien laki-laki usia 20 tahun datang ke IGD rumah sakit dengan keluhan kelemahan keempat anggota gerak setelah mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas saat sedang mengendarai sepeda motor. Pada pemeriksaan neurologis pasien masih dapat merasakan sedikit sentuhan namun tidak menggerakkan keempat ekstremitas sama sekali. Pemeriksaan X-ray servikal menunjukkan adanya fraktur dislokasi setinggi C5. Pemeriksaan MRI menunjukkan fraktur dislokasi setinggi C5 disertai edema dan perdarahan medula spinalis. Temuan edema dan perdarahan medula spinalis pada pemeriksaan MRI bermanfaat dalam proses diagnosis serta menentukan prognosis pasien dengan cedera medula spinalis akut.

Kata kunci: Cedera medula spinalis, MRI, skor AIS
Pengaruh Pengalaman dan Jarak Tempuh Melaut terhadap Pendapatan Nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Cahyandi Kristian 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengalaman dan jarak tempuh melaut secara individu dan bersama-sama terhadap pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap. Kajian tulisan ini menganalisa hal apa yang paling dominan diantara dua variabel tersebut terhadap peningkatan pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap. Kajian dengan memakai data primer serta sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui sebaran kuesioner kepada nelayan tentang pengalaman dan jarak tempuh melaut di Kabupaten Cilacap. Data tersebut didukung oleh data sekunder lain yang relevan menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda. Dari hasil kajian nampak bahwa variabel pengalaman dan jarak tempuh melaut berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap. Secara parsial variabel pengalaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap, sedangkan variabel jarak tempuh melaut tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan di Kabupaten Cilacap.
Capítulo 5.1. Metodologías Avanzadas de Investigación en Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales, la revolución de los instrumentos y los métodos, Qualtrics, Big Data, Web Data et al
Authors: Ortega Félix , Muñoz-Saldaña Mercedes , Azurmendi Ana 
Published: April 2021

La investigación sobre las prácticas, metodologías e instrumentos de investigación en comunicación en nuestro contexto cultural es un objeto de estudio que presenta un interés cada vez más creciente. Presentamos en este capítulo seis casos de estudio asociados a metodologías e instrumentos avanzados de recopilación de datos estructurados y mediante targets y objetos de análisis definidos para objetos y muestras pequeñas y medianas. Introducimos brevemente estos ejemplos y analizamos las debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades que las nuevas aproximaciones científicas mediante instrumentos avanzados, metodologías de análisis automático, machine learning, algorítmico, big data e inteligencia artificial pueden ofrecer a los investigadores en comunicación y ciencias sociales afines. Los objetivos que presentamos en este capítulo son los siguientes:1. Presentar un análisis de estado de la cuestión de las metodologías e instrumentos utilizados en la investigación en Comunicación en la última década en nuestro país y contexto cultural.2. Presentar nuevas herramientas y metodologías avanzadas e innovadoras de investigación en Comunicación en nuestro contexto cultural y científico. 3. Presentar una reflexión sobre el cambio de «paradigma científico» que la investigación en comunicación debe acometer en los próximos años.4. Introducimos la conceptualización big data, medium data, small data, web-data, mediante breves casos de estudio y su adaptación a la investigación en comunicación.Introducimos a su vez los datos más relevantes relativos a las metodologías e instrumentos de investigación más presentes en la investigación en comunicación disponibles en la base de datos del proyecto Mapcom.es «El sistema de investigación en España sobre prácticas sociales de Comunicación. Mapa de Proyectos, Grupos, Líneas, Objetos de estudio y Métodos», Código de Referencia CSO2013-47933-C4-1P.
Palabras Clave: Comunicación, Métodos de investigación, objetos de estudio, instrumentos de investigación, España.
TEORIJA PRAVA I NJEGOVE ZLOUPOTRE (Nezarijetul-hakki vet-te'assufu fist'imalihi)
Authors: Topoljak Sulejman 
Published: April 2021

Pravne teorije su pravno tkivo koje u sebi sadrži manje složene pravne sisteme koji imaju isti zajednički cilj - integralno sagledati određeni pravni segment i putem načela i generalnih pravila ponuditi rješenja i odgovore na postavljena pitanja i dileme iz tog pravnog segmenta. Tema ove studije je samo jedna od pravnih teorija koje involvira islamsko pravo. S toga je cilj ove studije da upozna čitaoce sa jednom od najvažnijih teorija – teorijom prava i njegove zloupotrebe, njenim osnovnim načelima i principima kako bi se shvatila i razumjela na jedan jednostavan, a u isto vrijeme i stručan način. Pošto je pitanje prava i slobode ljudska nagonska potreba, pitanje o kome ljudi najviše brinu i s čijim problemima se svakodnevno susreću, a po islamskom učenju cilj ne opravdava sredstvo, nego i cilj i sredstvo moraju biti legalni, onda je sasvim opravdano i uveliko potrebno da se ova teorija stalno reaktivira i elaborira kako bi ljudi pri konzumiranju svojih prava što manje kršili pravila i principe koje je postavio uzvišeni Allah pri njihovoj upotrebi i korištenju.
UPOTREBA ARAPSKOG JEZIKA U GOVORU BOSANACA - DIE ARABISCHE SPRACHE IM BOSNISCHEN SPRACHGEBRAUCH
Authors: Burnić Hatidže 
Published: April 2021

Ovaj rad traga za problematikom nastanka islamske jezičke kulture u Bosni i Hercegovini i istražuje upotrebu i frekventnost pojedinih arapskih riječi, odnosno fraza u govoru Bošnjaka. Istraživanje je ciljano sažeto na određenu populaciju Bošnjaka, tj. analizirani su razgovori muslimana koji prakticiraju vjeru Islam i koji pokušavaju slijediti Poslanika, s.a.v.s., kako u kulturi ponašanja, tako i kulturi govora. Za ovu priliku je odabrana analiza jezičke upotrebe slijedećih kur'ansko-hadiskih fraza: Esselamu alejkum, Alejhis-selam, Bismillah, Ma ša Allah, In ša Allah i Subhanallah. Kur'an je prvi i glavni izvor islamske nauke. S obzirom na činjenicu da su svi muslimani obavezni upotrebljavati Allahov govor u izvornom arapskom jeziku kako bi obavljali svoje osnovne islamske dužnosti, ovaj rad će sa prevodilačke perspektive potvrditi činjenicu da tekst originalnog Kur'ana nije moguće prevesti sa potpunim sadržajem na drugi jezik. Fraze koje će se analizirati u radu posmatraju se sa aspekta univerzalnosti. U cijelom svijetu, bez obzira koje nacije i kulture, muslimani imaju isti pozdrav – selam. Svi muslimani u svom govoru koriste fraze Bismillah, Ma ša Allah, In ša Allah i Subhanellah jer su one Božanskog porijekla. Rezultat ovog istraživanja je prvenstveno konstatacija da su analizirane fraze dobile status jezičkih univerzalija, da nemaju potpunih bosanskih ekvivalenata i da arapski jezik nije samo jezik Arapa, nego je religijski jezik, odnosno islamski jezik – jezik svih muslimana.
PERSONALISTIČKI SKLOP INTELIGENCIJE I USPJEŠNO UČENJE
Authors: Ramić Osman 
Published: April 2021

S obzirom da je učenje centralni pojam,kad je riječ o odgoju i obrazovanju, nužno mu je posvetiti punu pažnju. Dužnost škole je da osposobljava učenike za samostalno učenje i da kod njih razvija kompentencije koje im omogućuju da budu aktivni sudionici nastavnog procesa.Uvažavajući individualne sposobnosti svakog učenika odgajatelji će stvarati takvu socio-emocionalnu klimu u razredu koja će osigurati ravnopravan tretman i uspješno savladavanje programskih sadržajasvih učenika u skladu s njihovim mogućnostima i sposobnostima. Odgovornost odgajatelja je velika, teška, ali i plemenita i lijepa. Zar ima nešto ljepše od susreta odgajatelja i učenika? Aktuelno pitanje u današnjoj školi je uključivanje djece s teškoćama u razvoju u redovna odjeljenja. To je jako važan momenat u sistemu odgoja i obrazovanja jer se radi o osobama koje imaju posebne potrebe s aspekta teškoća u razvoju i neminovno zahtijevaju poseban tretman kako bi ostvarili rezultate u skladu sa svojim mogućnostima i sposobnostma. Zato je veoma značajno poznavati personalistički sklop inteligencije svakog učenika. Ta spoznaja nas usmjerava kako uspješno raditi, kako usklađivati naše zahtjeve, koje metode i postupke koristiti za ostvarivanje optimalnih rezultata s njma. Uspješno učenje ostvarit će oni odgajatelji koji u svome radu budu ispoljavali ljubav, interes i stručnost za posao koji obavljaju. Međutim, to je samo jedna strana uspješnog odgojno-obrazovnog rada. Akteri u nastavnom procesu (ili bi bar trebali biti) su i učenici od koji zavisi uspjeh u učenju. Njihov interes, motiviranost za učenje uz adekvatno korištenje vlastitih potencijala osigurat će da učenje bude uspješno.
PRINCIPI I INSTRUMENTI ISLAMSKOG FINANSIJSKOG TRŽIŠTA
Authors: Štulanović Mudžahid 
Published: April 2021

Finansijsko tržište (engl. financial market, njem. Finanzmarkt) ili tržišta novca u konvencionalnoj ekonomiji označava skup institucija i transakcija gdje se susreću kupci i prodavači i na kojima se odvija trgovina kapitalom, odnosno to su mjesta, osobe, instrumenti, tehnike i tokovi koji omogućavaju razmjenu novčanih viškova i manjkova, tj. novca, kapitala i deviza. Nerazvijena financijska tržišta su svedena na depozit, kredit i banke, a razvijena obiluju financijskim instrumentima, raznovrsnim financijskim institucijama, složenim financijskim tehnikama i brojnim financijskim tokovima pa se dijele na tržište novca i kratkoročnih vrijednosnih papira, tržište kapitala i devizno tržište. Postavlja se aktualno i važno pitanje da li i kako ovako definirano finansijsko tržište može funkcionirati u uvjetima isključivanja kamate i kamatarenja iz finansijskih operacija? To je pitanje na koje moraju odgovoriti treoretičari islamske ekonomije koja ne priznaje kamatu kao dozvoljenu vrijednost. Pitanja islamskog financijskog tržišta spadaju u domen varijabilne islamske ekonomske prakse koja se razlikuje u vremenu i prostoru, podložna je promjeni i prilagodbi, ali isto tako moraju se uskladiti sa konstantnim, nepromjenljivim principima islamske ekonomije. Neki teoretičari islamske ekonomije, kao što je i sam Ahmed Osman Babikir, daju prijedlog kratkoročnih islamskih finansijskih instrumenata koji su zasnovani na murabehi, mušareki, mudarebi, baj’i al-selem, istisna'u i idžari modelima finansiranja, a koji bi se mogli koristiti u operacijama na islamskom novčanom tržištu.
PRIMARNA I SEKUNDARNA MORFOLOŠKA ADAPTACIJA GLAGOLSKIH GERMANIZAMA U BOSANSKOM JEZIKU
Authors: Burnić Hatidže 
Published: April 2021

Pored velikog broja orijentalnih, latinskih, grčkih i drugih stranih riječi i izraza, značajno mjesto u bosanskom jeziku zauzimaju posuđenice iz njemačkog jezika. One se u lingvističkoj literaturi nazivaju „germanizmi“. U ovom radu germanizmi se posmatraju sa stajališta interferencije. Riječ koja se posuđuje postaje model koji u jeziku primatelja dobiva svoju repliku. Replika se mora prilagoditi jezičkom sistemu u koji ulazi. Ona se prilagođava na različitim jezičkim razinama. Polazeći od prethodno navedene konstatacije, glavni cilj ovog rada je prikazati prilagođavanje glagolskih germanizama na morfološkoj razini kako u primarnoj tako i u sekundarnoj fazi.
BMP9‐ID1 signaling promotes EpCAM‐positive cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Han , Nio Kouki , Yamashita Taro , Okada Hikari , Li Ru , Suda Tsuyoshi , Li Yingyi , Doan Phuong Thi Bich , Seki Akihiro , Nakagawa Hidetoshi , Toyama Tadashi , Terashima Takeshi , Iida Noriho , Shimakami Tetsuro , Takatori Hajime , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Sakai Yoshio , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: April 2021

The malignant nature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Bone morphologic protein 9 (BMP9), a member of the transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) superfamily, was recently reported to be involved in liver diseases including cancer. We aimed to elucidate the role of BMP9 signaling in HCC‐CSC properties and to assess the therapeutic effect of BMP receptor inhibitors in HCC. We have identified that high BMP9 expression in tumor tissues or serum from patients with HCC leads to poorer outcome. BMP9 promoted CSC properties in epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)‐positive HCC subtype via enhancing inhibitor of DNA‐binding protein 1 (ID1) expression in vitro. Additionally, ID1 knockdown significantly repressed BMP9‐promoted HCC‐CSC properties by suppressing Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Interestingly, cells treated with BMP receptor inhibitors K02288 and LDN‐212854 blocked HCC‐CSC activation by inhibiting BMP9‐ID1 signaling, in contrast to cells treated with the TGF‐β receptor inhibitor galunisertib. Treatment with LDN‐212854 suppressed HCC tumor growth by repressing ID1 and EpCAM in vivo. Our study demonstrates the pivotal role of BMP9‐ID1 signaling in promoting HCC‐CSC properties and the therapeutic potential of BMP receptor inhibitors in treating EpCAM‐positive HCC. Therefore, targeting BMP9‐ID1 signaling could offer novel therapeutic options for patients with malignant HCC.
Evaluation of failure modes and effect analysis for routine risk assessment of lung radiotherapy at a UK center
Authors: Gilmore Martyn D. F. , Rowbottom Carl G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeExplore the feasibility of adopting failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) for risk assessment of a high volume clinical service at a UK radiotherapy center. Compare hypothetical failure modes to locally reported incidents.MethodAn FMEA for a lung radiotherapy service was conducted at a hospital that treats ~ 350 lung cancer patients annually with radical radiotherapy. A multidisciplinary team of seven people was identified including a nominated facilitator. A process map was agreed and failure modes identified and scored independently, final failure modes and scores were then agreed at a face‐to‐face meeting. Risk stratification methods were explored and staff effort recorded. Radiation incidents related to lung radiotherapy reported locally in a 2‐year period were analyzed to determine their relation to the identified failure modes. The final FMEA was therefore a combination of prospective evaluation and retrospective analysis from an incident learning system.ResultsThirty‐six failure modes were identified for the pre‐existing clinical service. The top failure modes varied according to the ranking method chosen. The process required 30 h of combined staff time. Over the 2‐year period chosen, 38 voluntarily reported incidents were identified as relating to lung radiotherapy. Of these, 13 were not predicted by the identified failure modes, with six relating to delays in the process, three issues with appointment times, one communication error, two instances of a failure to image, and one technical fault deemed unpredictable by the manufacturer. Four additional failure modes were added to the FMEA following the incident analysis.ConclusionFMEA can be effectively applied to an established high volume service as a risk assessment method. Facilitation by an individual familiar with the FMEA process can reduce resource requirement. Prospective evaluation of risks should be combined with an incident reporting and learning system to produce a more comprehensive analysis of risk.
Access to Allene‐Containing Molecules via Enantioselective Reactions of Azolium Cumulenolate Intermediates
Authors: Xie Yongtao , Yang Xing , Xu Jun , Chai Huifang , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Junmin , Song Jun , Gao Yuan , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAzolium cumulenolates are a special type of intermediates in N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. They contain elongated linear structures with three contiguous C=C bonds and sterically unhindered α‐carbon atoms. These structural features make it difficult to develop enantioselective reactions for these intermediates. Here we disclose the first carbene‐catalyzed highly enantioselective addition reactions of azolium cumulenolates. The reaction starts with alkynals as the precursors for azolium cumulenolate intermediates that undergo enantioselective addition to activated ketones. From the same set of substrates, both allene and spirooxindole products can be obtained with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. The allene moieties in our optically enriched products carry rich reactivities and can be transformed to diverse molecules. The spirooxindole scaffolds in our products are important structural motifs in natural products and medicines.
Developments in Dilatometry for Characterisation of Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Michael Harry , Jervis Rhodri , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSince the 1970s, electrochemical dilatometry (ECD) has been used to investigate the dilation of layered host materials due to the intercalation of guest ions, atoms or molecules, and has recently gained traction in application to various electrochemical devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LiBs), which have electrodes that undergo volume changes during cycling, resulting in particle cracking and electrode degradation. With resolution capabilities spanning tens of microns down to a few nanometres, dilatometry is a valuable tool in understanding how commonly used electrodes dilate and degrade and can therefore be of critical value in improving their performance. In recent years, there has been a plethora of studies using dilatometry as a monitoring tool for understanding operating performance in various electrochemical devices; however, to our knowledge, there has been no in‐depth review of this body of research to date. This paper seeks to address this by reviewing how dilatometry works and how it has been used for the characterisation of electrochemical energy storage devices.
Establishment of a post‐race biomarkers database and application of pathway analysis to identify potential biomarkers in post‐race equine plasma
Authors: Ohnuma Kohei , Uchida Taiga , Leung Gary Ngai‐Wa , Ueda Toshiki , Obara Taku , Ishii Hideaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the context of doping control, conventional direct chemical testing detects only a limited scope of target substances in equine biological samples. To expand the ability to detect doping agents and their detection windows, metabolomics has recently become a common approach for monitoring alteration of biomarkers caused by doping agents in relevant metabolic pathways. In horse racing, remarkable changes in metabolic profiles between the rest state and racing are likely to affect the identification of doping biomarkers. Previously, we reported a limited number of significantly upregulated metabolites after racing, based on a non‐targeted metabolomics approach using out‐of‐competition and post‐race equine plasma samples. In this study, we performed a more thorough analysis of the data set, using pathway analysis to establish a post‐race biomarkers database (PBD) that includes upregulated and downregulated metabolites, their fold changes, and relevant pathways, with the main objective of improving our understanding of changes in physiological status related to horse racing. Statistical analysis of the PBD revealed that two peak combinations of pentadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (P/G) and heptadecanoyl carnitine/galactosylglycerol (H/G) could be used as potential biomarkers for the discrimination of the rest and post‐race groups. To demonstrate the applicability of the PBD, we validated the post‐race biomarkers P/G and H/G (highly involved in lipid metabolism) by a single‐blind test. This strategy, which combines establishment of a biomarker database with pathway analysis, represents a powerful tool for discovering potential doping biomarkers in the future.