bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koji je administrativni status rimskog naselja na Ilidži? / What was the administrative status of the Roman settlement in Ilidža?
Authors: Šačić Beća Amra 
Published: November 2021

Medicinal sulfuric springs at present-day Ilidža helped to create Roman thermae that gave the Roman municipium the name Aquae. Systematic archaeological examinations conducted by Carl Patch and Esad Pašalić suggest that this Roman settlement in Ilidža had existed without interruptions from the 1st to the 4th century. Based on the comparison of literary sources and the results of archaeologic research and epigraphic inscriptions, this paper will determine the genesis of administrative development of this Roman administrative unit whose administration included the upper course of the Bosna river and the Sarajevo area. This is an attempt at answering the following question: «Can we speak of Aquae in the context of Roman citizens at all?” Another important question is what methodology should we use to treat the expression res publica Aquae S(...?) that was carved on the base of Diocletian’s statue discovered in Ilidža. BiH scholarship has so far based its understanding of this term on Mócsy’s definition of the noun phrase res publica in the context of “pseudo-municipal” status. The results of analysis of inscriptions found on epigraphic monuments that will be presented in this paper suggest that one should step away from understanding the phrase res publica as an administrative category. Finally, we should point out that the objective of this paper is to present the territorial and administrative development of Aquae, as it is an exact example of the Roman municipalization model in the provincial interior. This interior was usually geographically very distant from the most important economic and urban centers of the Roman Empire that has also left an impact on its cultural and historical development. Systematic archaeological research on the right bank of the Željeznica river in 2016 and 2017 has revealed several stratigraphic layers which include, among others, the ancient period. These new findings have been discovered more to the east compared to the previous findings, indicating that the urban complex of Aquae had been expanding toward the Sarajevo area.
Rechterlijke beoordelingsvrijheid vraagstelling voorlopig deskundigenbericht: doorbreking rechtsmiddelenverbod bij afwijkende vraagstelling?
Authors: Quaak H.M. 
Published: November 2021

Rechterlijke beoordelingsvrijheid vraagstelling voorlopig deskundigenbericht: doorbreking rechtsmiddelenverbod bij afwijkende vraagstelling?
In dit artikel staat centraal of, en zo ja, in hoeverre de rechter beoordelingsvrijheid heeft om bij een voorlopig deskundigenbericht af te wijken van de door verzoeker voorgestelde vraagstelling, en de daaraan verbonden vraag of, en zo ja, wanneer, een dergelijke afwijking kan leiden tot een doorbreking van het rechtsmiddelenverbod van artikel 204 lid 2 Rv.
Dry Hydrogen Peroxide for Viral Inactivation
Authors: Lee Chris , R. Henneman John 
Published: November 2021

Hydrogen peroxide is a common antiseptic and disinfectant that is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, and it is sometimes used as a fumigant to achieve disinfection of indoor spaces. While it is effective as a fumigant, it cannot be used continuously, allowing for possible recontamination of the treated spaces between applications. A novel method of hydrogen peroxide application, termed “Dry Hydrogen Peroxide” (DHP™), generates molecules of hydrogen peroxide in a true gas state at concentrations low enough to be used continuously within spaces occupied by humans. This chapter explores the efficacy of DHP against a variety of viruses, both enveloped and non-enveloped. On surfaces, DHP achieved a ≥ 99.8% reduction (≥2.62 log10 inactivation) of infectious H1N1 influenza A (enveloped) compared to the control condition within 1 hour, and it achieved a 99.8% reduction (2.62 log10 inactivation) of infectious feline calicivirus (non-enveloped) compared to the control condition within 6 hours. DHP also achieved a 99.8% reduction 2.62 log10 inactivation) of airborne MS2 bacteriophage (non-enveloped) within 1 hour in comparison to the control condition. These inactivation efficacy results, combined with results from recent clinical studies, indicate that DHP represents an effective adjunct technology that can mitigate viral load between intermittent applications of other types of disinfectants.
The Value of Self-Ligating Brackets in Orthodontics: About the Damon Protocol
Authors: Siva Suvetha , Kishore Shreya , Dhanapal Suganya , Ravi Janani , Suresh Chandhini 
Published: November 2021

In orthodontics there has been a change in the treatment plan of crowding cases from extraction protocol. This was mainly due to the introduction of self-ligating bracket and temperature activated wires. Even though there are certain exceptions, the self-ligating bracket have evolved in orthodontics because of its advantages such as low friction, shorter treatment duration and increased efficacy. Damon’s self-ligating system has been in existence since 1930 but it has been well developed in the past 30 years with the introduction of newer systems. Damon’s self-ligating brackets have been designed to overcome the drawbacks of conventional bracket system and are often considered as the pinnacle of bracket technology. The main advantage of Damon’s system was low friction and shorter treatment duration. But the efficiency of the appliance is influenced by several factors such as Biomechanics, frequency of dental visits and patient comfort. The chapter will highlight the efficiency of the appliance, the various possible outcomes and its influence on the ease of orthodontic therapy.
On the enigma ofPalaenigma wrangeli(Schmidt), a conulariid with a partly non-mineralized skeleton
Authors: Kröger Björn , Vinn Olev , Toom Ursula , Corfe Ian J. , Kuva Jukka , Zatoń Michał 
Published: November 2021

Palaenigma wrangeli(Schmidt) is a finger-sized fossil with a tetraradiate conical skeleton; it occurs as a rare component in fossiliferous Upper Ordovician strata of the eastern Baltic Basin and is known exclusively from north Estonia. The systematic affinities and palaeoecology ofP. wrangeliremained questionable. Here, the available specimens ofP. wrangelihave been reexamined using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray computed tomography (microCT). Additionally, the elemental composition of the skeletal elements has been checked using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The resulting 2D-, and 3D-scans reveal thatP. wrangeliconsists of an alternation of distinct calcium phosphate (apatite) lamellae and originally organic-rich inter-layers. The lamellae form four semicircular marginal pillars, which are connected by irregularly spaced transverse diaphragms. Marginally, the diaphragms and pillar lamellae are not connected to each other and thus do not form a closed periderm structure. A non-mineralized or poorly mineralized external periderm existed originally inP. wrangelibut is only rarely and fragmentary preserved.P. wrangelioften co-occurs with conulariids in fossil-rich limestone with mudstone–wackestone lithologies. Based on the new data,P. wrangelican be best interpreted as a poorly mineralized conulariinid from an original soft bottom habitat. Here the new conulariinid family Palaenigmaidae fam. nov. is proposed as the monotypic taxon forP. wrangeli.
Construction of Ni(CN)2/NiSe2 Heterostructures by Stepwise Topochemical Pathways for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Nai Jianwei , Xu Xiangzhen , Xie Qifan , Lu Gongxun , Wang Yao , Luan Deyan , Tao Xinyong , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExploiting effective electrocatalysts based on elaborate heterostructures for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been considered as a promising strategy for boosting water splitting efficiency to produce the clean energy—hydrogen. However, constructing catalytically active heterostructures with novel composition and architecture remains poorly developed due to the synthetic challenge. In this work, it is demonstrated that unique Ni(CN)2/NiSe2 heterostructures, composed of single‐crystalline Ni(CN)2 nanoplates surrounded by crystallographically aligned NiSe2 nanosatellites, can be created from nickel‐based Hofmann‐type coordination polymers through stepwise topochemical pathways. When employed as the OER electrocatalyst, the Ni(CN)2/NiSe2 heterostructures show enhanced performance, which could be attributed to optimized geometric and electronic structures of the catalytic sites endowed by the synergy between the two components. This work demonstrates a rational synthetic route for creating a novel Ni‐based OER electrocatalyst that possesses nanoscale heterostructure, whose composition, spatial organization, and interface configuration can be finely manipulated.
Materials for Implantable Surface Electrode Arrays: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Tringides Christina M. , Mooney David J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSurface electrode arrays are mainly fabricated from rigid or elastic materials, and precisely manipulated ductile metal films, which offer limited stretchability. However, the living tissues to which they are applied are nonlinear viscoelastic materials, which can undergo significant mechanical deformation in dynamic biological environments. Further, the same arrays and compositions are often repurposed for vastly different tissues rather than optimizing the materials and mechanical properties of the implant for the target application. By first characterizing the desired biological environment, and then designing a technology for a particular organ, surface electrode arrays may be more conformable, and offer better interfaces to tissues while causing less damage. Here, the various materials used in each component of a surface electrode array are first reviewed, and then electrically active implants in three specific biological systems, the nervous system, the muscular system, and skin, are described. Finally, the fabrication of next‐generation surface arrays that overcome current limitations is discussed.
Optically Induced Ferroelectric Polarization Switching in a Molecular Ferroelectric with Reversible Photoisomerization
Authors: Liao Wei‐Qiang , Deng Bin‐Bin , Wang Zhong‐Xia , Cheng Ting‐Ting , Hu Yan‐Ting , Cheng Shu‐Ping , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFerroelectrics usually exhibit temperature‐triggered structural changes, which play crucial roles in controlling their physical properties. However, although light is very striking as a non‐contact, non‐destructive, and remotely controlled external stimuli, ferroelectric crystals with light‐triggered structural changes are very rare, which holds promise for optical control of ferroelectric properties. Here, an organic molecular ferroelectric, N‐salicylidene‐2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluoroaniline (SA‐PFA), which shows light‐triggered structural change of reversible photoisomerization between cis‐enol and trans‐keto configuration is reported. SA‐PFA presents clear ferroelectricity with the saturate polarization of 0.84 μC cm−2, larger than those of some typical organic ferroelectrics with thermodynamically structural changes. Benefit from the reversible photoisomerization, the dielectric real part of SA‐PFA can be reversibly switched by light. More strikingly, the photoisomerization enables SA‐PFA to show reversible optically induced ferroelectric polarization switching. Such intriguing behaviors make SPFA a potential candidate for application in next‐generation photo‐controlled ferroelectric devices. This work sheds light on further exploration of more excellent molecular ferroelectrics with light‐triggered structural changes for optical control of ferroelectric properties.
Position‐Scanning Peptide Libraries as Particle Immunogens for Improving CD8+ T‐Cell Responses
Authors: He Xuedan , Zhou Shiqi , Quinn Breandan , Huang Wei‐Chiao , Jahagirdar Dushyant , Vega Michael , Ortega Joaquin , Long Mark D. , Ito Fumito , Abrams Scott I. , Lovell Jonathan F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractShort peptides reflecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC‐I) epitopes frequently lack sufficient immunogenicity to induce robust antigen (Ag)‐specific CD8+ T cell responses. In the current work, it is demonstrated that position‐scanning peptide libraries themselves can serve as improved immunogens, inducing Ag‐specific CD8+ T cells with greater frequency and function than the wild‐type epitope. The approach involves displaying the entire position‐scanning library onto immunogenic nanoliposomes. Each library contains the MHC‐I epitope with a single randomized position. When a recently identified MHC‐I epitope in the glycoprotein gp70 envelope protein of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is assessed, only one of the eight positional libraries tested, randomized at amino acid position 5 (Pos5), shows enhanced induction of Ag‐specific CD8+ T cells. A second MHC‐I epitope from gp70 is assessed in the same manner and shows, in contrast, multiple positional libraries (Pos1, Pos3, Pos5, and Pos8) as well as the library mixture give rise to enhanced CD8+ T cell responses. The library mixture Pos1‐3‐5‐8 induces a more diverse epitope‐specific T‐cell repertoire with superior antitumor efficacy compared to an established single mutation mimotope (AH1‐A5). These data show that positional peptide libraries can serve as immunogens for improving CD8+ T‐cell responses against endogenously expressed MHC‐I epitopes.
State‐of‐the‐Art Advancements in Photocatalytic Hydrogenation: Reaction Mechanism and Recent Progress in Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF)‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Guo Mengya , Zhang Mingwei , Liu Runze , Zhang Xiangwen , Li Guozhu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogenation provides an effective alternative way for the synthesis of industrial chemicals to meet the economic and environment expectations. Especially, over the past few years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), featured with tunable structure, porosity, and crystallinity, have been significantly developed as many high‐performance catalysts in the field of photocatalysis. In this review, the background and development of photocatalytic hydrogenation are systemically summarized. In particular, the comparison between photocatalysis and thermal catalysis, and the fundamental understanding of photohydrogenation, including reaction pathways, reducing species, regulation of selectivity, and critical parameters of light, are proposed. Moreover, this review highlights the advantages of MOFs‐based photocatalysts in the area of photohydrogenation. Typical effective strategies for modifying MOFs‐based composites to produce their advantages are concluded. The recent progress in the application of various types of MOFs‐based photocatalysts for photohydrogenation of unsaturated organic chemicals and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, a brief conclusion and personal perspective on current challenges and future developments of photocatalytic hydrogenation processes and MOFs‐based photocatalysts are also highlighted.
Single‐Material Organic Solar Cells Based on Small Molecule Homojunctions: An Outdated Concept or a New Challenge for the Chemistry and Physics of Organic Photovoltaics?
Authors: Roncali Jean 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSingle‐material organic solar cells (SMOSCs) are on the forefront of research on organic photovoltaics (OPV). The generic term of SMOSCs encompasses a large variety of chemical structures implying very different basic concepts. Polydisperse «double cable» polymers and oligomers with acceptor groups linked to the conjugated backbone by a flexible spacer and donor–acceptor block copolymers are at present, the most investigated and efficient systems with spectacular progress in conversion efficiency achieved in the past 2–3 years. However, besides this mainstream SMOSCs research, a few recent publications describe OPV cells constituted of homojunctions based on small π‐conjugated molecules. While the process of charge generation in such systems is still a matter of debate due in particular to the possible direct photogeneration of charge–carriers, devices with significant performance have been recently reported. After a brief overview of the most recent advances on the various types of SMOSCs, recent remarkable results on homojunction OPV cells based on small π‐conjugated molecules are discussed in order to highlight the potential fundamental and technological interest of this emerging field of research.
Natural History of Leigh Syndrome: A Study of Disease Burden and Progression
Authors: Lim Albert Z. , Ng Yi Shiau , Blain Alasdair , Jiminez‐Moreno Cecilia , Alston Charlotte L. , Nesbitt Victoria , Simmons Louise , Santra Saikat , Wassmer Evangeline , Blakely Emma L. , Turnbull Doug M. , Taylor Robert W. , Gorman Gráinne S. , McFarland Robert 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThis observational cohort study aims to quantify disease burden over time, establish disease progression rates, and identify factors that may determine the disease course of Leigh syndrome.MethodsSeventy‐two Leigh syndrome children who completed the Newcastle Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (NPMDS) at baseline at 3.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.0–7.6) and follow‐up assessments at 7.5 years (IQR = 3.7–11.0) in clinics were enrolled. Eighty‐two percent of this cohort had a confirmed genetic diagnosis, with pathogenic variants in the MT‐ATP6 and SURF1 genes being the most common cause. The total NPMDS scores denoted mild (0–14), moderate (15–25), and severe (>25) disease burden. Detailed clinical, neuroradiological, and molecular genetic findings were also analyzed.ResultsThe median total NPMDS scores rose significantly (Z = −6.9, p < 0.001), and the percentage of children with severe disease burden doubled (22% → 42%) over 2.6 years of follow‐up. Poor function (especially mobility, self‐care, communication, feeding, and education) and extrapyramidal features contributed significantly to the disease burden (τb ≈ 0.45–0.68, p < 0.001). These children also deteriorated to wheelchair dependence (31% → 57%), exclusive enteral feeding (22% → 46%), and one‐to‐one assistance for self‐care (25% → 43%) during the study period. Twelve children (17%) died after their last NPMDS scores were recorded. These children had higher follow‐up NPMDS scores (disease burden; p < 0.001) and steeper increase in NPMDS score per annum (disease progression; p < 0.001). Other predictors of poor outcomes include SURF1 gene variants (p < 0.001) and bilateral caudate changes on neuroimaging (p < 0.01).InterpretationThis study has objectively defined the disease burden and progression of Leigh syndrome. Our analysis has also uncovered potential influences on the trajectory of this neurodegenerative condition. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:117–130
Transport of Molecular Cargo by Interaction with Virus‐Like Particle RNA
Authors: Das Soumen , Yau Mei‐Kwan , Noble Jeffery , De Pascalis Lucrezia , Finn M. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVirus‐like particles (VLPs) derived from Leviviridae virions contain substantial amounts of cellular and plasmid‐derived RNA. This encapsidated polynucleotide serves as a reservoir for the efficient binding of the intercalating dye thiazole orange (TO). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules and oligopeptides of varying length, end‐functionalized with TO, were loaded into VLPs up to approximately 50 % of the mass of the capsid protein (hundreds to thousands of cargo molecules per particle, depending on size). The kinetics of TO–PEG binding included a significant entropic cost for the reptation of long chains through the capsid pores. Cargo molecules were released over periods of 20–120 hours following simple reversible first‐order kinetics in most cases. These observations define a simple general method for the noncovalent packaging, and subsequent release, of functional molecules inside nucleoprotein nanocages in a manner independent of modifications to the capsid protein.
Combined Precursor Engineering and Grain Anchoring Leading to MA‐Free, Phase‐Pure, and Stable α‐Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Ling Xufeng , Zhu Hongwei , Xu Weidong , Liu Cheng , Pan Linfeng , Ren Dan , Yuan Jianyu , Larson Bryon W. , Grätzel Carole , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Ouellette Olivier , Krishna Anurag , Sun Jianguo , Zhang Chunyang , Li Youyong , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Gao Jing , Liu Yuhang , Durrant James R. , Luther Joseph M. , Ma Wanli , Grätzel Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstractα‐Formamidinium lead iodide (α‐FAPbI3) is one of the most promising candidate materials for high‐efficiency and thermally stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its outstanding optoelectrical properties and high thermal stability. However, achieving a stable form of α‐FAPbI3 where both the composition and the phase are pure is very challenging. Herein, we report on a combined strategy of precursor engineering and grain anchoring to successfully prepare methylammonium (MA)‐free and phase‐pure stable α‐FAPbI3 films. The incorporation of volatile FA‐based additives in the precursor solutions completely suppresses the formation of non‐perovskite δ‐FAPbI3 during film crystallization. Grains of the desired α‐phase are anchored together and stabilized when 4‐tert‐butylbenzylammonium iodide is permeated into the α‐FAPbI3 film interior via grain boundaries. This cooperative scheme leads to a significantly increased efficiency close to 21 % for FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. Moreover, the stabilized PSCs exhibit improved thermal stability and maintained ≈90 % of their initial efficiency after storage at 50 °C for over 1600 hours.
Kinetic model for the esterification of free fatty acids from palm oil with methanol using sulfuric acid as catalyst and sensitivity analysis in tubular reactors
Authors: Serrano‐Bermúdez Luis Miguel , Monroy‐Peña Camilo Antonio , Moreno Darío , Abril Andrés , Imbachi Niño Anderson D. , Martínez Riascos Carlos Arturo , Buitrago Hurtado Gustavo , Narváez Rincón Paulo Cesar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIndustrial biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) by homogeneous transesterification requires some conditioning stages. One is deodorization, where free fatty acids (FFA) are stripped out from the CPO. The FFA from the deodorizer is esterified using a homogeneous acid catalyst to produce more biodiesel and improve process profitability. This work studied the sulfuric acid‐catalyzed esterification of FFA with methanol. The factors evaluated were temperature (between 40 and 60°C) and catalyst concentration (between 0.15 and 1.5 wt% based on the mixture). The parameters of a reversible second‐order kinetic model were adjusted from experimental data using a genetic algorithm. The kinetic model, which adequately represents the esterification reaction, according to the Fisher–Snedecor test, was used to perform a sensitivity analysis in isothermal, adiabatic, and non‐isolated continuous tubular esterification reactors using ASPEN HYSYS V10. The results showed that the highest conversion (~96%) was predicted using an isothermal reactor. However, its installation and operational costs could also be the highest. An adiabatic reactor was preferred, which optimal conversion of 94.5% was predicted at temperature, catalyst concentration, residence time, and methanol‐to‐FFA molar ratio of 140°C, 0.3 wt%, 47 min, and 6.7, respectively, its predicted operational cost was 0.63 dollars per biodiesel kilogram. Therefore, the adjusted and validated model has a relevant importance in the biofuel sector, not only in Colombia, but also worldwide.