bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID)
Authors: Wild Jim M , Porter Joanna C , Molyneaux Philip L , George Peter M , Stewart Iain , Allen Richard James , Aul Raminder , Baillie John Kenneth , Barratt Shaney L , Beirne Paul , Bianchi Stephen M , Blaikley John F , Brooke Jonathan , Chaudhuri Nazia , Collier Guilhem , Denneny Emma K , Docherty Annemarie , Fabbri Laura , Gibbons Michael A , Gleeson Fergus V , Gooptu Bibek , Hall Ian P , Hanley Neil A , Heightman Melissa , Hillman Toby E , Johnson Simon R , Jones Mark G , Khan Fasihul , Lawson Rod , Mehta Puja , Mitchell Jane A , Platé Manuela , Poinasamy Krisnah , Quint Jennifer K , Rivera-Ortega Pilar , Semple Malcolm , Simpson A John , Smith DJF , Spears Mark , Spencer LIsa G , Stanel Stefan C , Thickett David R , Thompson A A Roger , Walsh Simon LF , Weatherley Nicholas D , Weeks Mark Everard , Wootton Dan G , Brightling Chris E , Chambers Rachel C , Ho Ling-Pei , Jacob Joseph , Piper Hanley Karen , Wain Louise V , Jenkins R Gisli 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 100 million cases worldwide. The UK has had over 4 million cases, 400 000 hospital admissions and 100 000 deaths. Many patients with COVID-19 suffer long-term symptoms, predominantly breathlessness and fatigue whether hospitalised or not. Early data suggest potentially severe long-term consequence of COVID-19 is development of long COVID-19-related interstitial lung disease (LC-ILD).Methods and analysisThe UK Interstitial Lung Disease Consortium (UKILD) will undertake longitudinal observational studies of patients with suspected ILD following COVID-19. The primary objective is to determine ILD prevalence at 12 months following infection and whether clinically severe infection correlates with severity of ILD. Secondary objectives will determine the clinical, genetic, epigenetic and biochemical factors that determine the trajectory of recovery or progression of ILD. Data will be obtained through linkage to the Post-Hospitalisation COVID platform study and community studies. Additional substudies will conduct deep phenotyping. The Xenon MRI investigation of Alveolar dysfunction Substudy will conduct longitudinal xenon alveolar gas transfer and proton perfusion MRI. The POST COVID-19 interstitial lung DiseasE substudy will conduct clinically indicated bronchoalveolar lavage with matched whole blood sampling. Assessments include exploratory single cell RNA and lung microbiomics analysis, gene expression and epigenetic assessment.Ethics and disseminationAll contributing studies have been granted appropriate ethical approvals. Results from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.ConclusionThis study will ensure the extent and consequences of LC-ILD are established and enable strategies to mitigate progression of LC-ILD.
Effect of crop rotation and cropping history on net nitrogen mineralization dynamics of a clay loam soil
Authors: Zhang Bin , Li Jingyi , Drury Craig F. , Woodley Alex L. , Yang Xueming 
Published: September 2021

Estimating soil nitrogen (N) mineralization is critical to balance fertilizer N requirements and their environmental impacts. In this study, net N mineralization was examined in soils under different crop rotations with each phase of the rotation present every year with biologically based incubations in 2011 and 2015. Net N mineralization was significantly different among treatments when the current crop was soybean, and the effect was dependent upon the previous crop and the cropping sequence. In particular, net increases in inorganic N were greater when the previous crop was winter wheat with or without red clover than if it were corn, and greater for the first year of soybean compared with the second year for rotations with two consecutive years of soybean in the 2011 incubation. However, cropping history did not influence net soil N mineralization when the current crop was corn, winter wheat, or winter wheat with red clover. In 2015, the presence of red clover in the rotation increased net N mineralization in all phases of the rotation. These results suggest both current and previous crops should be considered when estimating the N supplying capacity (net mineralization) of the soil. Net mineralizable N was found to be significantly correlated with total amino sugars (P < 0.001), glucosamine (P < 0.001), and galactosamine (P = 0.003), which suggests that amino sugars could be used as an indicator of the N supplying capacity of soil.
A successive multi-phase transitions in polycrystalline BaFe2As2: Emergence of C4 phase
Authors: Oner Yildirhan , Boyraz Cihat 
Published: September 2021

We report magnetization and resistivity studies on polycrystalline BaFe2As2 prepared by solid-state reaction, in the temperature range of 5–350 K, upto the field of 9 T. Low-field susceptibility exhibits multi-phase transitions with two new magnetic phase transitions beside the well-known transition at [Formula: see text] K from paramagnetic/antiferromagnetic-tetragonal/orthorhombic transitions. The phase at [Formula: see text] K is attributed to the phase transition from antiferromagnetic-orthorhombic (C2-phase) to antiferromagnetic-tetragonal phase (C4-phase), while the phase transition at higher temperatures remains unsolved. Making an analogy to the antiferromagnetic nanosized particles, we suggest that BaFe2As2 consists of smaller but similar nanosized clusters. We have analyzed the magnetization data using the modified Langevin function on the basis of thermally activated induced uncompensated spins (thermoinduced moments). The nanosized clustering in this compound is evidenced by the exchange bias and coercivity stemming from the exchange coupling interactions between weak ferromagnetic bulk magnetization in clusters and spin-glass-like phase interface layers surrounding the clusters. We also observe that annealing enhances the superconductivity, similar to the effect of pressure on the superconductivity. We find that an exponential term well describes the resistivity of this compound due to magnon-assisted interband electron–phonon scattering between the bands with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] orbitals forming two-hole pockets around the zone center and one electron pocket around the zone corner. We have also obtained the Kadowaki–Woods ratio ([Formula: see text] cm (K mol/mJ)[Formula: see text] and the Sommerfeld–Wilson ratio ([Formula: see text]) for BaFe2As2, both ratios are much larger than those ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] cm (K mol/mJ)2, [Formula: see text]) for Kondo lattice systems, indicating the existence of a weak ferromagnetic correlation between Fe moments. It appears that magnon-mediated pairing is responsible for superconductivity. Finally, we observe zero resistance at [Formula: see text] K in amorphous BaFe2As2, which gives a new insight into the superconductivity under very high pressure.
Recent Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research
Authors: McEachron Troy A. , Helman Lee J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Over the past few years, the field of pediatric cancer has experienced a shift in momentum, and this has led to new and exciting findings that have relevance beyond pediatric malignancies. Here we present the current status of key aspects of pediatric cancer research. We have focused on genetic and epigenetic drivers of disease, cellular origins of different pediatric cancers, disease models, the tumor microenvironment, and cellular immunotherapies.
Association of Rosacea With Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Daein , Choi Sungjun , Choi Seulggie , Park Sang Min , Yoon Hyun‐Sun 
Published: September 2021

Background
There is emerging evidence that rosacea, a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease, is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether patients with rosacea are at increased risk of developing CVD.

Methods and Results
This retrospective cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort included patients with newly diagnosed rosacea (n=2681) and age‐, sex‐, and index year–matched reference populations without rosacea (n=26 810) between 2003 and 2014. The primary outcome was subsequent CVD including coronary heart disease and stroke. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate adjusted hazard ratios for subsequent CVD adjusted for major risk factors of CVD. Compared with the reference population (13 410 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years), patients with rosacea (1341 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years) displayed an increased risk for CVD (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03–1.40) and coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05–1.60). The risk for stroke was not significantly elevated (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91–1.37).

Conclusions
This study suggests that patients with rosacea are more likely to develop subsequent CVD. Proper education for patients with rosacea to manage other modifiable risk factors of CVD along with rosacea is needed.
Measuring and Improving Consistency in Pretrained Language Models
Authors: Elazar Yanai , Kassner Nora , Ravfogel Shauli , Ravichander Abhilasha , Hovy Eduard , Schütze Hinrich , Goldberg Yoav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Consistency of a model—that is, the invariance of its behavior under meaning-preserving alternations in its input—is a highly desirable property in natural language processing. In this paper we study the question: Are Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) consistent with respect to factual knowledge? To this end, we create ParaRel🤘, a high-quality resource of cloze-style query English paraphrases. It contains a total of 328 paraphrases for 38 relations. Using ParaRel🤘, we show that the consistency of all PLMs we experiment with is poor— though with high variance between relations. Our analysis of the representational spaces of PLMs suggests that they have a poor structure and are currently not suitable for representing knowledge robustly. Finally, we propose a method for improving model consistency and experimentally demonstrate its effectiveness.1
Compressing Large-Scale Transformer-Based Models: A Case Study on BERT
Authors: Ganesh Prakhar , Chen Yao , Lou Xin , Khan Mohammad Ali , Yang Yin , Sajjad Hassan , Nakov Preslav , Chen Deming , Winslett Marianne 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Pre-trained Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, these models often have billions of parameters, and thus are too resource- hungry and computation-intensive to suit low- capability devices or applications with strict latency requirements. One potential remedy for this is model compression, which has attracted considerable research attention. Here, we summarize the research in compressing Transformers, focusing on the especially popular BERT model. In particular, we survey the state of the art in compression for BERT, we clarify the current best practices for compressing large-scale Transformer models, and we provide insights into the workings of various methods. Our categorization and analysis also shed light on promising future research directions for achieving lightweight, accurate, and generic NLP models.
Religious Minority Rights and their Satisfaction in Pakistan
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Nasar Asim , Rehman Abid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study investigates the satisfaction of religious minorities in Pakistan subject to government policies and attitudes of the Muslim majority. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 120 respondents living in rural areas in Pakistan. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson correlation coefficient were used to measure the relatedness of essential factors of freedom of expression, opportunity in government services, security of unprotected assembly, prejudice in relationship with Muslims and welcomeness in Muslim neighbourhoods. Yeh’s Index of Satisfaction was used to measure the satisfaction level of religious minorities with government policies and attitudes of the Muslim majority. The study findings revealed that religious minorities are least satisfied with their citizenship rights in Pakistan, which poses various questions to government policies and legislation. Further, they were also least satisfied with the attitudes of the Muslim majority with whom they must interact in their everyday life.
Recognition of the Ainu as an Indigenous People in Japan: Legal Implications for their Right to Traditional Salmon Fishing
Authors: Hossain Kamrul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Japanese government legally recognized the Ainu as an Indigenous People in 2019. While the legislation is a step forward, it does not provide the Ainu with concrete rights applicable to Indigenous Peoples as those rights are set out in international legal standards, articulated in several human rights instruments and authoritative statements issued by both United Nations organs and the international treaty monitoring bodies. The most common issue concerning Indigenous Peoples’ rights is the practice of traditional livelihoods linked to their lands and resources. Particularly for coastal communities, traditional fishing has been recognized as an important livelihood for sustaining the people’s culture and their ethnic and cultural identity. This article explores the traditional fishing right of the Ainu, which has recently become a point of conflict given that existing local regulations jeopardize the right. The article critically examines the compatibility of the provisions of the conflicting local and national regulations.
The Trial of Jesus before Pilate in the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Young Norman H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article proceeds through a series of integrated sections. First, the problem of the Fourth Gospel’s (FG) positioning of the scourging of Jesus and the Roman soldiers’ mocking of him in the midst of the trial is compared with Mark’s account of the trial. Second, by drawing on contemporary sources the methods of Roman crucifixion are examined to provide a guide for interpreting the Biblical data. Third, the efforts to harmonize the FG with the other Gospels by suggesting it referred to a lighter lashing are examined and found wanting. The next four sections develop John’s approach to the Trial as a drama; not as fiction, but as a creative reshaping of his data. By placing the mocking as well as the scourging of Jesus prior to Pilate’s handing him over to be crucified allows the FG to climax the drama with Jesus finally exiting from the praetorium to face his accusers for the first time as their King (Messiah).
Psychiatric well-being among men leaving prison reporting a history of injecting drug use: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stewart Ashleigh C , Cossar Reece , Lee Wilkinson Anna , Scott Nick , Dietze Paul , Quinn Brendan , Kinner Stuart A , Aitken Campbell , Walker Shelley , Curtis Michael , Butler Tony , Ogloff James R. P. , Stoové Mark 
Published: September 2021

Background: Community reintegration from prison is typically stressful, with several health and social outcomes impacting psychiatric well-being during this time, often exacerbated among individuals with histories of drug use. Longitudinal data was used to assess change in psychiatric well-being over 2 years following release from prison among men who reported a recent history of injecting drug use. Methods: Data for this study come from the Prison and Transition Health cohort study of 400 men recruited in prison prior to release and followed up over three time points. Psychiatric well-being was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. We calculated change in individual General Health Questionnaire scores between interviews and identified covariates associated with General Health Questionnaire score using linear mixed-effects regression. Results: Data from 690 follow-up interviews among 326 participants were included in analyses. There was considerable variation in individuals’ General Health Questionnaire scores. Moving accommodation frequently and frequent illicit drug injections were associated with an increase in General Health Questionnaire score (i.e. decline in psychiatric well-being). Two or more prior adult imprisonment episodes, social supports and past month primary healthcare attendance were associated with a decrease in General Health Questionnaire score. Conclusion: Our findings identify health, social and structural influences on psychiatric well-being after release from prison that can inform re-entry programmes to support community reintegration.
Association between admission serum procalcitonin and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with septic shock: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Qinghe , Zhang Yaqing , Xu Hongying , Zhu Lina , Chen Lingzhi , Hao Cuiping 
Published: September 2021

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is an effective and sensitive diagnostic biomarker that can facilitate the early detection of infection and septicemia, but whether it can similarly be utilized to predict the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients suffering from septic shock remains to be established. Herein, the relationship between serum PCT at admission and the onset of AKI in septic shock patients was thus evaluated following adjustment for other potential covariates. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 303 septic shock patients treated in a Chinese hospital between May 2015 and May 2019. All patients in whom PCT levels were measured on admission and who did not exhibit AKI or chronic kidney disease at the time of admission were assessed for AKI development within one week following intensive care unit (ICU) admission as per the KDIGO criteria. The relationship between serum PCT at admission and AKI incidence was then assessed for these patients. Results: These 303 patients were an average of 64 years old, and were 59.7% male. Of these patients, 50.5% developed AKI within the first 7 days following ICU admission. A dully-adjusted binary logistic regression analysis revealed PCT levels at admission to be associated with AKI following adjustment for potential confounding factors (odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95%CI (1.01,1.02), p = 0.0007). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis further indicated that a PCT cutoff level of 52.59 ng/ml at admission was able to predict the incidence of AKI with respective sensitivity and specificity values of 50% and 84%. Interaction analysis revealed no significant interactive relationship between PCT and AKI, suggesting that serum PCT levels represent an early predictor of AKI incidence in septic shock patients. Conclusions: Serum PCT at the time of admission can be used as a predictor of AKI in patients suffering from septic shock.
Impact of COVID-19 Campus Closure on Undergraduates
Authors: Telli Olufunmilayo , Mountcastle Lindsey , Jehl Brianna L. , Munoz-Osorio Angel , Dahlquist Lynnda M. , Jayasekera Ashani , Dougherty Aryn , Castillo Raquel , Miner Kollin 
Published: September 2021

Background The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an abrupt transition from in-person to online learning in Spring 2020. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of the transition on undergraduates during the period following the campus closure. Method 131 psychology undergraduate students completed an online survey of how the COVID-19 closure had impacted their academics, online learning environment, and traumatic stress symptoms (using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5). Results Most participants reported increased academic difficulty compared to before closure. Approximately 30% reported elevated traumatic stress symptoms. Greater traumatic stress was associated with greater difficulty completing assignments, more limited access to the internet and quiet places to study, and greater sibling-care responsibilities. Conclusions The acute transition to online instruction posed academic and emotional challenges to many students, especially those from environments with competing demands or less access to academic supports. Follow-up evaluation is needed to determine whether these difficulties have persisted in subsequent semesters of online instruction. Teaching Implication Instructors should anticipate the emotional and academic needs of students who are relatively unfamiliar with online instruction and consider ways to minimize negative environmental impacts and increase access to mental health resources.
One-stage thoracoscopic resection of bilateral bronchiectasis
Authors: Wu Ming-Ho , Wu Han-Yun 
Published: September 2021

Objective To evaluate the results of one-stage thoracoscopic resection of bilateral bronchiectasis. Methods Between June 2009 and December 2020, there were 23 patients selected for one-stage thoracoscopic resection of bilateral bronchiectasis. Their average age was 58.5 (36–73). Female patients were more common, accounting for 17 (74%). Preoperatively, 17 (74%) patients mainly presented with hemoptysis and the other 6 (26%) patients with purulent sputum. Results In these 23 patients, a total of 121 segments were resected, with an average of 5.26 segments, ranging from 3 to 9 segments. Five of 17 patients with massive hemoptysis underwent ligation of bronchial arteries in addition to lung resections. The average operating time was 271 min, ranging from 145 to 500 min. The average blood loss was 108 ml, ranging from 20 to 600 ml. The average postoperative hospital stay was 8 days, ranging from 3 to 20 days. There was no surgical morbidity or surgical death. Hemoptysis and purulent sputum of all patients was almost controlled after surgery. Conclusion One-stage thoracoscopic resections of bilateral localized bronchiectasis could be well-tolerated and safe for these selected patients. The one-stage operation could shorten the course of treatment.
Shedding Light on the Causes and Characteristics of Stroke in Lebanon: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Gifford Abbott , Biffi Alessandro , Gelaye Bizu , Chemali Zeina 
Published: September 2021

Background: The prevalence and severity of stroke in Lebanon has increased over the past decade and stroke is currently the second leading cause of death in the country. Methods: We systematically reviewed existing research on stroke prevalence, risk factors, mortality and morbidity of stroke, stroke treatment, and stroke education to assess the epidemiology of stroke in Lebanon. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database for articles presenting data in any of these 5 categories in Lebanon, as well as articles discussing the Middle East and North Africa region generally. Results: A high prevalence of modifiable risk factors (cigarette and waterpipe smoking) and risk factors that could be mitigated by lifestyle changes (obesity and hypertension) were found in Lebanon. Stroke mortality rates and risk factors of mortality were consistent with global trends, though the cost of treatment in Lebanon was significantly higher than in other developing nations. Conclusion: Urgent public health initiatives are needed to educate the public about the dangers of modifiable stroke risk factors and to reduce the burden of stroke in Lebanon.