bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting intention to eat breakfast among adolescents using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Carson Diane E , Sharkey Joseph R , McIntosh Wm. Alex , Kubena Karen S , Goodson Patricia 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo test the effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on intention to eat breakfast.Settings/ParticipantsA sample of 106 primarily Hispanic adolescents aged 12‐ to 14‐years was recruited from an after‐school program in Los Angeles County, CA. Youth were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. One hundred‐six adolescents completed the pre‐intervention questionnaire, 75 completed the post‐intervention questionnaire,DesignParticipants were assigned by after‐school site to either the treatment group (n = 57) or control group (n = 49). Within the treatment group, participants were assigned to groups based on grade to facilitate discussion and to allow for easy group interaction. Each group met for 60 minutes, once weekly, for seven weeks. The curriculum focused on the benefits of eating breakfast and in identifying the influences of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.ResultsFifty‐five percent of participants were girls and 88% were Hispanic. Attitude and perceived behavioral control were significant in predicting intention to eat breakfast after controlling for gender and age. Subjective norms had no effect in predicting intention. Behavioral belief was significant in predicting attitude toward eating breakfast.ConclusionsThese results show incorporating interventions based on the TPB may improve breakfast behavior and habits among adolescents.
Genetic Variation in Selenoenzymes and Their Activity
Authors: Takata Yumie , Kristal Alan R , Burk Raymond F , Hill Kristina E , Santella Regina M , King Irena B , Duggan David J , Lampe Johanna W , Blount Patricia L , Reid Brian J , Vaughan Thomas L , Peters Ulrike 
Published: June 2021

Selenium may protect against various diseases through the activity of selenoenzymes. However, little is known of the effect of genetic variation in selenoenzymes on their activity. We tested 37 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the selenoenzyme genes, glutathione peroxidase1–4 (GPX1–4), selenoprotein P (SEPP1), and 15 kDa selenoprotein (SEP15), with regard to activity of lymphocyte GPX1 and plasma GPX3, plasma SEPP1 concentration (conc), plasma malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content. We included 195 participants of a cohort of Barrett's esophagus who were free of esophageal cancer at the time of blood draw. Genetic variation in the GPX1 gene as measured by 3 SNPs (rs3448, rs8179164 and rs1987628) was significantly associated with GPX1 activity (p global = .02), with each of the latter 2 SNPs being suggestively associated (p trend = .10 and .08, respectively). Moreover, we found that 2 GPX2 SNPs (rs4902346 and rs2071566) and a GPX3 SNP (rs3763011) were significantly associated with SEPP1 conc (p trend = .004, .002, and .02, respectively). Our suggestive association of GPX1 rs1987628 with the GPX1 activity is consistent with previous studies. To our knowledge, this is the first study that observed associations of SNPs in GPX2 and GPX3 genes with SEPP1 conc, which need a replication in future studies. Our study supports that common genetic variants in selenoenzymes affect their activity.Grant Funding Source: National Cancer Institute
Activating ERK Signaling enhances 1alpha,25(OH)2D3‐regulated 25‐hydroxyvitamin D‐24‐hydroxylase (CYP24) gene expression through the transcription factor Sp3 pathway in Caco‐2 cells.
Authors: Jiang Yan , Fleet James C 
Published: June 2021

CYP24 is an enzyme critical for degradation of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D) and its gene is strongly regulated by 1,25D. Multiple signaling pathways have been shown to modulate 1,25D‐mediated CYP24 gene expression. Phorbol ester (PMA) treatment activates PKC, as well as ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways. In addition, PMA treatment enhances 1,25D‐induced CYP24 gene transcription (mRNA, 180%; reporter gene 150–250%) in Caco‐2 cells. Inhibition of PKC, ERK, and p38 kinase signaling pathways each reduced PMA enhanced and 1,25D induced CYP24 mRNA and reporter genes by 20–40%. Mithramycin A, an inhibitor of Sp protein binding to DNA, dose‐dependently reduced both 1,25D‐induced and PMA‐enhanced CYP24 promoter activity. Bioinformatics revealed 11 putative Sp1/Sp3 sites in the −298 to +74 bp region of the human CYP24 promoter. siRNA knockout of Sp1 reduced 1,25D action by only 30% but had no effect on PMA‐mediated enhancement of CYP24 induction. In contrast, Sp3 siRNA decreased both 1,25D‐mediated CYP24 induction and PMA enhancement of that effect by 20%. Immunoprecipitation showed that PMA can phosphorylate a serine residue on Sp3 and that this is blocked by inhibition of MEK1 with U0126. These data show that a portion of the impact that PMA has on 1,25D‐mediated CYP24 induction is due to activation of ERK1/2 and subsequent phosphorylation/activation of the Sp3 transcription factor. Supported by NIDDK Award DK054111 to JCF.Grant Funding Source: NIDDK Award DK054111 to JCF
Genome‐wide identification of vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding sites in DNA from prostate epithelial cells (PEC) by chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq)
Authors: Cui Min , Fang Youhan , Qi Yuan , Fleet James 
Published: June 2021

The 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) activates the VDR to bind DNA and initiate gene transcription. While microarray studies show 1,25D regulates expression of many transcripts, few of these genes have been examined for VDR binding. Using ChIP‐seq, we mapped VDR binding sites in DNA from the human PEC line, RWPE1. Cells were treated with vehicle or 1,25D (10 nM, 3 h) and subjected to ChIP using either VDR antibody or IgG. Using IgG as the reference, 1236 and 1175 VDR binding peaks were found in 1,25D and vehicle‐treated cells, respectively (0.1 FDR, 200 bp window, Cisgenome). Genes with known VDREs were confirmed e.g. CYP24 and IGFBP3. Correlation between ChIP‐seq peaks and a previous microarray study found that only 39% were associated with 1,25D‐regulated transcripts, including novel peaks close to the transcription factors (TF) JunB, FOS and TBP. Also only 5% of VDR peaks were found within 5 kb of the transcription start site of a gene and the known DR3 VDR binding motif was found in just 15% of the peaks. However, several other DNA‐binding motifs were enriched under the peaks suggesting indirect DNA association of VDR through other TF. Our data suggest the relationship between VDR binding and transcription is more complex that previously reported.Grant Funding Source: Showalter Trust to JCF
Supplement of an egg‐containing formula in Thai elderly does not adversely affect blood lipid profiles
Authors: Mayurasakorn Korapat , Srichayet Phisamai , Mingpakanee Raveenan , Dahlan Winai 
Published: June 2021

We developed (low carbohydrate, egg‐containing) formulas in a blended diet (BD) and determined their effects on blood lipoproteins and proteins after continuous six‐week feeding. 51 older participants (mean age 70.7±1.8 years), living at an elderly care center were randomly assigned into 3 groups: control (N=11), low‐carbohydrate‐low‐cholesterol‐formula group (LCL; n=25) and low‐carbohydrate‐high‐cholesterol‐formula group (LCH; n=15) Anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed at wk‐1, wk‐3, wk‐6 with 8‐week‐run‐in period. Our data showed that 100 ml of BD in LCL arm provided 80.57 kcal (45%carb, 27%prot and 28%fat) with 17.01 mg of dietary cholesterol (dC), while the LCH arm provided 73.04 kcal (44%carb, 27%prot and 29% fat) with 50.87 mg of dC. When other items of daily dC were added, LCL received up to 223 mg/day while LCH received 373 mg/day, equivalent to 1–1.5 egg/day. There were no statistical differences in blood level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL‐C, albumin and prealbumin (p >0.05) after BD diet. There were no differences in lipid and protein levels between LCL and LCH formula. However, BD diet continuously increased HDL levels by 1.38 mg every 3 weeks (95% CI: 0.204, 2.561). We conclude that in Thai elderly, addition of egg‐containing, low‐carbohydrate blenderized supplement improves HDL cholesterol levels without affecting LDL levels.Supported by NRCT Grant No. 2550‐299No conflict of interest.Email: Drkorapat@hotmail.com
Selenium ablates Friend Virus induced Erythroleukemia in mice
Authors: Kaushal Naveen , Hegde Shailaja N , Hankey Pamela A , Paulson Robert F , Prabhu K. Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

Selenium (Se), an essential micronutrient is reported to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumorigenic properties. Recently, we have reported that anti‐inflammatory role of Se is mediated, in part, through the production of 15d‐PGJ2, a cyclopentanone prostaglandin D2 metabolite. Cyclopentanone prostaglandins, including 15d‐PGJ2, display anti‐inflammatory and anti‐proliferative properties. We hypothesize that Se acts through the production of 15d‐PGJ2 to mediate the anti‐carcinogenic effect by targeting cancer stem cells. In the current study, murine Friend‐virus (FVP) induced erythroleukemia model was used to examine the effect of Se and 15d‐PGJ2 on the ablation of spleen derived‐ leukemia stem cells (LSC), characterized by the expression of gp55, Sca, Kit, and Ter119. These cells retained the ability to proliferate in transplantation models and cause clonal leukemia. Infection of Balb/c mice fed on Se‐supplemented diets with FVP clearly protected the mice from splenomegaly; while those on Se‐deficient diet succumbed to infection. Furthermore, experiments with in‐vivo administration of 15d‐PGJ2 at physiologic doses also demonstrated a similar effect. Here we discuss the mechanisms of chemopreventive action of 15d‐PGJ2 and Se from the point of cancer stem cell apoptosis. NIH DK 077152Grant Funding Source: NIH
Curcuminoids from tumeric (Curcuma longa) target microRNA148 and microRNA146 in their anti‐inflammatory effects in non‐cancer colon cells
Authors: Noratto Giuliana , Angel‐Morales Gabriela , Follo Armando Del , Tian Yanan , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne 
Published: June 2021

The anti‐inflammatory properties of tumeric have been investigated in multiple studies, however the involvement of microRNAs in anti‐inflammatory properties of natural compounds has not been much investigated yet. We studied the potential protective effects of a standardized curcuminoid extract against inflammation induced by lipopolysacharide (LPS) in CCD‐18Co colon cells and investigated underlying miRNA based mechanisms. We investigated miRNAs 146, which is regulated by NF‐kB and involved in the regulation of the TLR4 pathway and also microRNA148a which is a regulator of pregnane X receptor (PXR) a transcription factor involved in the regulation of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters as well as in the suppression of NF‐kB. LPS significantly induced the expression of all inflammatory biomarkers by up to 2 fold. The extract significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers including NF‐kB, IL‐6, IL‐8, TRAF6, TLR‐4 up to 0.9, 0.2, 0.4, 0.32, and 0.1 fold of control cells. The expression of microRNA146 and 148a were increased by LPS up to 30% and reduced by curcuminoids by 30 and 25% respectively. Overall, these data confirm the anti‐inflammatory effects of curcuminoids in colon and indicate the involvement of microRNAs 146 and 148a in the anti‐inflammatory effects of curcuminoids.Grant Funding Source: ASN
Viscous dietary fibers reduce visceral adiposity, lower oxidative stress and improve glucose control in ZDF rats
Authors: Brockman David Andrew , Chen Xiaoli , Gallaher Daniel D 
Published: June 2021

Viscous dietary fibers have been shown to blunt the postprandial rise in blood glucose. Previous studies in this lab have suggested that viscous dietary fibers decrease adiposity in rats with little or no change in body weight. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of consumption of viscous dietary fibers, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and β‐glucans (Sustagrain), in an obese diabetic rat model. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and their lean counterparts (n=12) were fed diets containing either 5% non‐viscous cellulose, low viscosity (LV) HPMC, high viscosity (HV) HPMC or 40% Sustagrain flour. After 6 weeks of feeding, the HV HPMC group had a reduced percentage epididymal fat pad weight (visceral fat) compared to the other ZDF groups, but no differences in percentage inguinal (subcutaneous) fat pad weights were found. Fasting plasma leptin did not differ among the ZDF groups. Rats fed HPMC and Sustagrain had lower percent glycated hemoglobin and kidney weights than the cellulose group, indicating improved glycemic control. Urinary 8‐isoprostane concentrations in the ZDF cellulose, LV HPMC and Sustagrain groups were significantly higher than the lean group, but HV HPMC and lean groups did not differ. These results indicate that consumption of viscous dietary fiber can lower visceral adiposity and oxidative stress and improve diabetic control in ZDF rats. (Supported by the MN Agric Exp Station)Grant Funding Source: MN Agric Exp Station/CHE Administative Fund
A blend of soluble fiber and resistant starch promotes feelings of fullness in humans
Authors: Klosterbuer Abby , Sanders Lisa , Potter Susan , Thomas William , Slavin Joanne 
Published: June 2021

Some research suggests that high fiber foods cause greater satiety than low fiber foods. The mechanism is unclear, but may be related to the glycemic and insulin response to a meal. This randomized, double‐blind, crossover study examined differences in satiety scores and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations among different types and combinations of fiber. On 5 occasions, subjects (n=20) consumed either a low‐fiber control breakfast or 1 of 4 breakfasts containing 25 g fiber from soluble corn fiber (SCF) or resistant starch (RS), alone or in combination with pullulan (SCF+P and RS+P), a soluble fiber. All breakfasts were equal in calories and macronutrients. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured and satiety was assessed via visual analog scales (VAS) for 3 hours after breakfast. Results were analyzed as area under the curve (AUC). The RS+P treatment caused significantly greater fullness than the control (p<0.05). While there was a trend of increased fullness with the other fiber treatments, no other significant differences in satiety were observed. Despite equal available carbohydrates, glucose and insulin AUC were significantly reduced for RS (p=0.03) and RS+P (p=0.01) compared to control. This indicates that a blend of soluble and insoluble fiber may be more effective in promoting satiety and favorably altering postprandial blood parameters. Supported by Tate & Lyle Health & Nutrition Sciences.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Tate & Lyle Health & Nutrition Sciences
Sugar intake and cardio metabolic risk factors in high BMI African American children
Authors: Sharma Sushma , Roberts Lindsay S , Hudes Mark L , Lustig Robert H , Fleming Sharon E 
Published: June 2021

AimTo evaluate the relationship between intakes of subgroups of energy‐providing carbohydrate, and markers of cardio metabolic risk factors in high BMI African American (AA) children.MethodsA cross sectional analysis was performed on data from a sample of 9–11 year old children (n=80) with BMI greater then the 85th percentile. Fasting hematological and biochemical values for selected markers were related to carbohydrates intake.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender, pubertal stage and WC, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher intakes of carbohydrate energy (fat and protein held constant) were associated with higher VLDL‐C, IDL‐C, TG and hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). After dividing carbohydrate into non‐sugar versus sugars, both groups contributed to increased VLDL‐C, IDL‐C & TG whereas increased sugars accounted for the higher HOMA‐IR and lower adipocyte FA insulin sensitivity (ISI‐FFA). Further dividing sugar into the food group showed that sugar from the candy/soda was associated with increased TG and sugars from the fruit and dairy was associated with lower ISI‐FFA.ConclusionsIncreased intakes of carbohydrates from many subgroups are significantly associated with increases in key markers of cardio metabolic risk in high BMI AA children. This analysis suggests that increases in many types and sources of carbohydrate energy may be detrimental to cardio metabolic health in children.
The effects of macronutrient self‐selection and sucrose form on energy intake, body composition, and aspects of the metabolic syndrome in rats
Authors: Apolzan John W. , Harris Ruth B.S. 
Published: June 2021

The effects of macronutrient self‐selection and sucrose form on energy intake, percent body fat, insulin tolerance, and fasting serum triacylglycerol (TG) were determined in young adult male Sprague Dawley rats over 21 days. In experiment one, 24 rats were weight matched to control (chow), sucrose (chow and 30% sucrose solution), or choice (chow, 30% sucrose solution, and lard) diets. Energy intake of sucrose rats was 25% chow and 75% sucrose while energy intake of choice rats was 27% chow, 32% sucrose, and 41% lard. Energy intake, body weight gain, and percent body fat were higher in the sucrose (1872±31 kcal/21d, 44±5 g/21d, 9.4±0.7%) and choice (1894±45 kcal/21d, 50±6 g/21d, 11.2±0.7%) rats than controls (1260±31 kcal/21d, 11±4 g/21d, 5.2±0.4%). Choice rats were less insulin sensitive than control or sucrose animals. TG were higher in sucrose (105±4 mg/dL) than control (58±4 mg/dL) or choice (75±9 mg/dL) rats. In experiment two, 16 rats were weight matched to either a 20% protein, 35.5% sucrose, 34.5% starch, and 10% fat diet or a 20% protein, 70% sucrose, and 10% fat diet. There were no differences in energy intake, body weight gain, percent body fat, insulin sensitivity, or fasting TG after 21 days. Thus, liquid, but not solid dietary sucrose promotes obesity. Macronutrient self‐selection influences the development of specific aspects of the metabolic syndrome independent of adiposity.Support: NIH R01 DK53903
Development and validation of an algorithm to establish a total antioxidant capacity database of U.S. diet
Authors: Floegel Anna , Kim Dae‐Ok , Chung Sang‐Jin , Song Won O. , Koo Sung I. , Chun Ock K. 
Published: June 2021

The present study was designed to develop and validate an algorithm to estimate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the U.S. diet. Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacities (VCEAC) of individual antioxidant nutrients and 50 popular antioxidant‐rich food items in the U.S. diet were determined by 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay. According to the algorithm, theoretical TAC for each food item was calculated as the sum of the product of antioxidant content and antioxidant capacities of individual antioxidant nutrients. The top ten TAC food items in the U.S. diet according to standard serving size were blueberry > plum > green tea > strawberry > green tea (decaffeinated) > red wine > grape juice > black tea > cherry > grape. Major contributors to TAC were total phenolics (r = 0.952, p < 0.001) and flavonoids content (r = 0.827, p < 0.001) of 50 food items. Theoretical TAC was positively correlated with experimental TAC (r = 0.833, p < 0.01) and with TAC from the USDA database for the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (r = 0.484, p < 0.01, n = 44). This study validates that TAC measurement based on VCEAC can be employed to establish a TAC database of the U.S. diet. In future studies, TAC of the U.S. diet can be calculated and linked to biomarkers of chronic disease.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Beginning Grant in Aid (BGIA) No. 0865092E from the American Heart Association and University of Connecticut Faculty Large Grant
Genetic polymorphisms in bovine ferroportin are associated with longissimus dorsi muscle iron content
Authors: Duan Qing , Reecy James , Tait Richard , Liu Qi , van Eenennam Allison , Mateescu Raluca , Garmyn Andrea , Beitz Donald 
Published: June 2021

We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in ferroportin (Fpn), the only known cellular iron exporter, could influence muscle iron content. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons and flanking regions of the bovine Fpn gene and to evaluate the extent to which they were associated with beef iron content. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected from 1086 head of purebred Angus cattle for iron quantification and DNA extraction. All exons and flanking regions of Fpn were sequenced. Eight novel SNPs were identified, among which NC 007300: g.19208 C>T genotype was associated significantly with iron content (P < 0.005). Cattle with the g.19208 TT genotype had significantly higher amount of iron compared with those with the g.19208 CC and CT genotypes (P < 0.005). Sequence analysis showed that this locus might be part of an intron enhancer, potentially influencing pre‐mRNA splicing regulation. Similar significant associations of iron content were observed for three other SNPs. In conclusion, the SNPs identified may be used as DNA markers for muscle iron content.Research support: PFIZER Animal Genetics DivisionGrant Funding Source: PFIZER Animal Genetics Division
Wolfberry Supplements Prevent the Development of Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Lin Dingbo , Jiang Yu , Zhang Yunong , Ortiz Edlin , Medeiros Denis M. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo determine if wolfberry supplements prevent the development of hepatic steatosis.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice, at 6 weeks of age, were fed 45 kcal % fat diets (high fat diets) for up to 28 weeks (10 mice for each group). Two groups of mice had their diets supplemented with either 1 % or 5 % (w/w) wolfberry fruits; and there was a high fat diet control group without any added fruit. In addition, there was a group of mice fed 10 kcal % fat diets only as a low fat diet control. Body weight and food consumption were monitored weekly. Development of hepatic steatosis and cellular biochemical alterations were determined at 8, 18, and 28 weeks of dietary treatments. Western blotting was used to determined activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver tissues.ResultsMice fed high fat diets (45 kcal % fat) developed obesity and hepatic steatosis as early as 8 weeks of treatment. Wolfberry supplements, at both levels, completely prevented hepatic steatosis occurring, whereas it was present in high fat diet controls, but not in low fat diet controls. Wolfberry supplements activated AMPK, inhibited ACC, but SIRT1 level was not altered. Wolfberry addition prevented high fat diet‐triggered ER stress through inhibition of GRP78/BiP and protein kinase‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK).ConclusionsWolfberry fruits prevent high fat diet‐induced hepatic steatosis most likely through a rebalance of cellular energy homeostasis, control of fatty acid synthesis, and diminishing cellular ER stress.Support: National Institutes of Health COBRE Grant P20‐RR‐017686 to D. L.Grant Funding Source: National Institutes of Health COBRE Grant P20‐RR‐017686