bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intensive blood pressure control on subtypes of mild cognitive impairment and risk of progression from SPRINT study
Authors: Gaussoin Sarah A. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Chelune Gordon , Cleveland Maryjo L. , Crowe Michael G. , Launer Lenore J. , Lerner Alan J. , Martindale‐Adams Jennifer , Nichols Linda O. , Ogrocki Paula K. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Sink Kaycee M. , Supiano Mark A. , Wadley Virginia G. , Wilson Valerie M. , Wright Clinton B. , Williamson Jeff D. , Reboussin David M. , Rapp Stephen R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the effect of intensive blood pressure control on the occurrence of subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and determine the risk of progression to dementia or death.MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized trial of community‐dwelling adults (≥50 years) with hypertension. Participants were randomized to a systolic blood pressure (SBP) goal of <120 mm Hg (intensive treatment; n = 4678) or <140 mm Hg (Standard treatment; n = 4683). Outcomes included adjudicated MCI, MCI subtype (amnestic, non‐amnestic, multi‐domain, single domain), and probable dementia. Multistate survival models were used to examine transitions in cognitive status accounting for the competing risk of death.ResultsAmong 9361 randomized participants (mean age, 67.9 years; 3332 women [35.6%]), 640 participants met the protocol definition for MCI, with intensive treatment reducing the risk of MCI overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.81 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.69–0.94]), as previously reported. This effect was largely reflected in amnestic subtypes (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.92]) and multi‐domain subtypes (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65–0.93]). An adjudication of MCI, as compared with normal cognitive function, substantially increased the probability of progressing to probable dementia (5.9% [95% CI: 4.5%–7.7%] vs. 0.6% [95% CI: 0.3%–0.9%]) and to death (10.0% [95% CI: 8.3%–11.9%] vs. 2.3% [95% CI: 2.0%–2.7%]) within 2 years.ConclusionsIntensive treatment reduced the risk for amnestic and multi‐domain subtypes of MCI. An adjudication of MCI was associated with increased risk of progression to dementia and death, highlighting the relevance of MCI as a primary outcome in clinical and research settings.
Mentoring of nursing students—A comparative study of Japan and five European countries
Authors: Mikkonen Kristina , Utsumi Momoe , Tuomikoski Anna‐Maria , Tomietto Marco , Kaučič Boris Miha , Riklikiene Olga , Vizcaya‐Moreno Flores , Nakaoka Akiko , Yamakawa Miyae , Inoue Mitsuyo , Yayama So , Pérez‐Cañaveras Rosa M. , Filej Bojana , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore mentoring competence in nursing student mentors during clinical practice by identifying different mentor profiles and connections between different competence areas among five European countries and Japan.MethodsThe study implemented a cross‐sectional design in Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain, and Japan during 2016 and 2019. In total, 6208 mentors were invited, and 1862 participated from 58 healthcare organizations. The data were collected with a survey questionnaire by including background question items with the Mentor Competence Instrument. K‐clustering and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis.ResultsFour mentor profiles, A (43%), B (30%), C (18%), and D (9%), were identified according to the seven mentoring competence areas with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Higher mentoring competence (mean >3.50) was observed among Finnish, Lithuanian, and Slovenian mentors with university education in nursing, older ages, more work experience, and previous education in mentoring. Lower competence (mean <2.49) was observed among Japanese and Italian mentors with diplomas in nursing, younger ages, less work experience, and no previous education in mentoring.ConclusionMentoring requires motivated, highly competent mentors since mentoring is a critical aspect of nursing education. Mentoring roles should be given to nurses with higher education and mentoring training. Younger, less experienced nurses without formal mentoring training may need support from senior nurses when performing mentoring roles and could also facilitate a more balanced workload between patient care and mentoring for senior nurses.
Apolipoprotein C‐III predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria
Authors: Jansson Sigfrids Fanny , Stechemesser Lars , Dahlström Emma H. , Forsblom Carol M. , Harjutsalo Valma , Weitgasser Raimund , Taskinen Marja‐Riitta , Groop Per‐Henrik ,   the FinnDiane Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe studied apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III) in relation to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 1 diabetes.MethodsThe cohort comprised 3966 participants from the prospective observational Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. Progression of DKD was determined from medical records. A major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was defined as acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality through 2017. Cardiovascular and mortality data were retrieved from national registries.ResultsApoC‐III predicted DKD progression independent of sex, diabetes duration, blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, LDL‐cholesterol, lipid‐lowering medication, DKD category, and remnant cholesterol (hazard ratio [HR] 1.43 [95% confidence interval 1.05–1.94], p = 0.02). ApoC‐III also predicted the MACE in a multivariable regression analysis; however, it was not independent of remnant cholesterol (HR 1.05 [0.81–1.36, p = 0.71] with remnant cholesterol; 1.30 [1.03–1.64, p = 0.03] without). DKD‐specific analyses revealed that the association was driven by individuals with albuminuria, as no link between apoC‐III and the outcome was observed in the normal albumin excretion or kidney failure categories. The same was observed for mortality: Individuals with albuminuria had an adjusted HR of 1.49 (1.03–2.16, p = 0.03) for premature death, while no association was found in the other groups. The highest apoC‐III quartile displayed a markedly higher risk of MACE and death than the lower quartiles; however, this nonlinear relationship flattened after adjustment.ConclusionsThe impact of apoC‐III on MACE risk and mortality is restricted to those with albuminuria among individuals with type 1 diabetes. This study also revealed that apoC‐III predicts DKD progression, independent of the initial DKD category.
Melatonin and verteporfin synergistically suppress the growth and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Shin Ye Young , Seo Yoojin , Oh Su‐Jeong , Ahn Ji‐Su , Song Min‐hye , Kang Min‐Jung , Oh Jung‐Min , Lee Dongjun , Kim Yun Hak , Sung Eui‐Suk , Kim Hyung‐Sik 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has continued to rise for decades. However, drug resistance to chemotherapeutics and relapse, mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), remains a significant impediment in clinical oncology to achieve successful treatment. Therefore, we focused on analyzing CSCs in HNSCC and demonstrated the effect of melatonin (Mel) and verteporfin (VP) on SCC‐25 cells. HNSCC CSCs were enriched in the reactive oxygen species‐low state and in sphere‐forming cultures. Combination treatment with Mel and VP decreased HNSCC viability and increased apoptosis without causing significant damage to normal cells. Sphere‐forming ability and stem cell population were reduced by co‐treatment with Mel and VP, while mitochondrial ROS level was increased by the treatment. Furthermore, the expression of mitophagy markers, parkin and PINK1, was significantly decreased in the co‐treated cells. Mel and VP induced mitochondrial depolarization and inhibited mitochondrial function. Parkin/TOM20 was localized near the nucleus and formed clusters of mitochondria in the cells after treatment. Moreover, Mel and VP downregulated the expression of markers involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The migration capacity of cells was significantly decreased by co‐treatment with Mel and VP, accompanied by the down‐regulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that co‐treatment with Mel and VP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in the apoptosis of CSCs. Mel and VP could thus be further investigated as potential therapies for HNSCC through their action on CSCs.
Melatonin induces apoptotic cell death through Bim stabilization by Sp1‐mediated OTUD1 upregulation
Authors: Woo Seon Min , Seo Seung Un , Min Kyoung‐jin , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMelatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, regulates the circadian rhythms and also plays an oncostatic role in cancer cells. Previously, we showed that melatonin induces the expression of Bim, a pro‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein, at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the melatonin‐mediated Bim upregulation through post‐translational regulation. We found that ovarian tumor domain‐containing protein 1 (OTUD1), a deubiquitinase belonging to the OTU protein family, is upregulated by melatonin at the mRNA and protein levels. OTUD1 knockdown inhibited melatonin‐induced Bim upregulation and apoptosis in cancer cells. OTUD1 directly interacted with Bim and inhibited its ubiquitination. Melatonin‐induced OTUD1 upregulation caused deubiquitination at the lysine 3 residue of Bim, resulting in its stabilization. In addition, melatonin‐induced activation of Sp1 was found to be involved in OTUD1 upregulation at the transcriptional level, and pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of Sp1 (siRNA) interrupted melatonin‐induced OTUD1‐mediated Bim upregulation. Furthermore, melatonin reduced tumor growth and induced upregulation of OTUD1 and Bim in a mouse xenograft model. Notably, Bim expression levels correlated with OTUD1 levels in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. Thus, our results demonstrated that melatonin induces apoptosis by stabilizing Bim via Sp1‐mediated OTUD1 upregulation.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis response to exogenous corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) is attenuated in men with chronic insomnia
Authors: Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , Lenker Kristina Puzino , Basta Maria , Bixler Edward O. , Chrousos George P. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryAlthough insomnia is by far the most common sleep disorder, our understanding of its neurobiology is limited. Insomnia, particularly when associated with objective sleep disturbance, has been associated with activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. The objective of this experimental study was to compare the response of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis to ovine corticotropin‐releasing hormone, a stress test, in men with insomnia versus controls. Circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels were assayed before (−30 min, −15 min), at (0 min) and after (+5 min, +15 min, +30 min, +60 min, +90 min, +120 min) exogenous ovine corticotropin‐releasing hormone administration in 23 men (11 insomnia, 12 controls), who underwent four consecutive nights of in‐lab polysomnography. Men with insomnia compared with controls demonstrated markedly and significantly shorter total sleep time (368.4 ± 8.99 min versus 411.61 ± 8.61 min; p < 0.01) and lower sleep efficiency (76.77 ± 1.80% versus 86.04 ± 1.72%; p < 0.01) on polysomnography, and showed decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels after ovine corticotropin‐releasing hormone administration. Adrenocorticotropic hormone levels at 15 min and 30 min were significantly lower in men with insomnia than in controls (p < 0.05). Similarly, the peak levels of cortisol at +60 min, and the total and net area under the curve levels of this hormone were significantly lower in men with insomnia than controls (all p < 0.01). Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol response to ovine corticotropin‐releasing hormone administration was attenuated in men with insomnia associated with objective sleep disturbance, suggesting that objectively defined insomnia subtypes have a disrupted hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function and highlight the need to develop treatments targeting the underlying hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation.
Born‐Again Versus Evangelical: Does the Difference Make a Difference?
Authors: Smidt Corwin E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough it has long been recognized that treating “born‐again” and “evangelical” as equivalents is problematic, little scholarly effort has been made to assess whether the difference makes a difference. This study seeks to do so, assessing, in part, the extent to which the “born‐again or evangelical Christian” survey question captures evangelical identities and whether the question has merit for capturing evangelical respondents. By analyzing surveys in which respondents were asked separate questions related to a “born‐again” and an evangelical identity, this study addresses several issues related to such identities, including whether “born‐again” and evangelical identities are the same, and, if not, whether the difference makes a difference. In the end, significant political differences emerge between those who identify as evangelicals and those who identify as “born‐again,” suggesting that scholars and surveys would be better served to ask separate “born‐again” and evangelical identity questions than to merge the two into one.
Bullying, cyberbullying, and youth health behaviors
Authors: Nikolaou Dimitrios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of bullying and cyberbullying victimization on youth health behaviors (smoking, drinking, drugs, sexual intercourse) since the literature has not evaluated within the same framework whether bullying on school grounds and cyberbullying have distinct effects on such behaviors. Using within law heterogeneity in anti‐(cyber)bullying laws during 2011–2019, I jointly estimate the decision to adopt a health (dis)accumulating behavior along with a multivariate treatment into four victimization groups: no victimization, bullying only at school, only cyberbullying, both bullying and cyberbullying. Identification of students who face one of the four distinct victimization types reveals heterogeneous effects: cyberbullying has stronger deleterious effects than bullying, and students who experience both accumulate even less health capital. Interestingly, female students respond to victimization by increasing their participation in addictive health behaviors (smoking, excess drinking, marijuana, other illicit drugs), whereas male students are prone to engaging in riskier sexual behaviors (multiple sex partners, unprotected sex). These effects remain even after accounting for mediating effects of student depression and truancy suggesting that public policies should invest in strategies to educate the student's social environment (peers, teachers, parents) about their role in preventing (cyber)bullying and in providing effective counseling for victimized students.
Using young adult fiction to interrogate raciolinguistic ideologies in schools
Authors: Cushing Ian , Carter Anthony 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article reports on an UKLA funded study which is working with young readers to explore the use of fictional texts to interrogate raciolinguistic ideologies in schools. We draw on data generated from workshops where young students read and responded to Front Desk, a 2018 novel by the Chinese writer Kelly Yang, which centres around a young immigrant girl who is the target of systemic language discrimination. We describe how literary texts might serve as an entry point into examining the pervasive, intersectional, institutional and systemic nature of language discrimination, focusing on how schools can be hostile spaces for speakers deemed to not conform with ‘standard’ language practices amidst raciolinguistic ideologies which construct racialised speakers as inferior, deficient and unwelcome. We show how students used Front Desk and the workshops as a space for (a) describing the surveillance, stigmatisation and erasure of their own language practices through tracing raciolinguistic contours between fictional and real worlds; (b) interrogating the raciolinguistic ideologies and punitive listening practices of white authoritative subjects; and (c) conceptualising language discrimination as intersectional and institutional.
Inter‐sexual comparison of body biomass, proximate biochemical composition, and fatty acid profiles of new juvenile squat lobsters (Pleuroncodes monodon) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Guzmán‐Rivas Fabián , Quispe‐Machaca Marco , Olavarría Luis , Zilleruelo Maximiliano , Urzúa Ángel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the wide distribution range of the red squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, there is an important nursery area on the southern coast of Chile. The new juvenile individuals from this nursery area are directly recruited into the adult squat lobster population, which is exploited by industrial fisheries. Despite the importance of new P. monodon juveniles for recruitment estimations in fishery management models, their bioenergetic condition and/or nutritional status at the onset of their benthic phase remain unknown, as are the differences in the biochemical composition and energy reserves of the two sexes, which could help explain the cost of the first breeding event in females. Therefore, in new juvenile squat lobsters with the same degree of immaturity, we quantified and compared between the sexes (female vs. male): the size (cephalothorax length, CL), body biomass (dry weight and organic matter), biochemical composition (proteins, glucose, and lipids), and fatty acid profiles (FAs). The results indicate that the CL of new juveniles was similar between the sexes, while the dry weight and organic matter presented significant differences, with higher values in new juvenile females (NJF) than new juvenile males (NJM). Similarly, the NJF had a higher content of proteins, glucose, and lipids than NJM. The FAs also showed significant differences between the sexes; the NJF had a higher content than NJM in all fatty acid classes (i.e., saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated), with the FAs DHA (C22:6n‐3), EPA (C20:5n‐3), oleic (C18:1n‐9), palmitic (C16:0), and eicosatrienoic (C20:3n‐3) significantly contributing to the differentiation of FA profiles between the sexes. All of the aforementioned differences among the multiple variables of the bioenergetic condition can indicate biochemical adaptations in the storage capacity of energy reserves, particularly among NJF that must support the high energy cost of the first reproductive event (characterized by embryo production and incubation), which occurs during the austral winter, a period predominated by cold‐water temperatures and scarce food availability in the habitat. Overall, our findings have significant implications in fishery management models. In this case, defining the bioenergetic condition of the new juvenile squat lobsters can aid in predicting the density and stability of the adult population, which is exploited by commercial fisheries.
Multiple shock events recorded in the Northwest Africa 2139 LL6 chondrite: Implications for collisional histories of the LL chondrite parent body
Authors: Takenouchi Atsushi , Sumino Hirochika , Shimodate Karin , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLL chondrites have experienced multiple shock events; however, the relations of each shock event and their timing have rarely been investigated. To demonstrate the relations between each shock texture and shock chronological ages, we conducted both petrological and chronological (40Ar/39Ar and I‐Xe ages) studies using aliquots subsampled from the same chip of the Northwest Africa (NWA) 2139 LL6 chondrite. Our 40Ar/39Ar studies and petrological observation reveal that NWA 2139 recorded at least three impact events before 4.17 ± 0.10 Ga, thus resulting in a complex brecciated texture, silicate darkening, and thick shock veins. An intense heating event occurred at 4.17 ± 0.10 Ga, which recrystallized the thick veins and healing cracks. Then, a weak shock event occurred at <3.9 Ga. Combined with 40Ar/39Ar data of other LL chondritic materials, this study supports that the LL chondrite parent body was possibly broken up by 1.7 Ga, and that most of the breakup likely occurred within 3.8–4.2 Ga.
Population subdivision promoted by a sea‐level‐change‐driven bottleneck: A glimpse from the evolutionary history of the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum
Authors: Zhang Rufan , Guo Zixiao , Fang Lu , Zhong Cairong , Duke Norman C. , Shi Suhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHistoric climate changes drive geographical populations of coastal plants to contract and recover dynamically, even die out completely. Species suffering from such bottlenecks usually lose intraspecific genetic diversity, but how do these events influence population subdivision patterns of coastal plants? Here, we investigated this question in the typical coastal plant: mangrove species Aegiceras corniculatum. Inhabiting the intertidal zone of the tropical and subtropical coast of the Indo‐West Pacific oceans, its populations are deemed to be greatly shaped by historic sea‐level fluctuations. Using dual methods of Sanger and Illumina sequencing, we found that the 18 sampled populations were structured into two groups, namely, the “Indo‐Malayan” group, comprising three subgroups (the northern South China Sea, Gulf of Bengal, and Bali), and the “Pan‐Australasia” group, comprising the subgroups of the southern South China Sea and Australasia. Based on the approximate Bayesian computations and Stairway Plot, we inferred that the southern South China Sea subgroup, which penetrates the interior of the “Indo‐Malayan” group, originated from the Australasia subgroup, accompanied by a severe bottleneck event, with a spot of gene flow from both the Australasia and “Indo‐Malayan” groups. Geographical barriers such as the Sundaland underlie the genetic break between Indian and Pacific Oceans, but the discontinuity between southern and northern South China Sea was originated from genetic drift in the bottleneck event. Hence, we revealed a case evidencing that the bottleneck event promoted population subdivision. This conclusion may be applicable in other taxa beyond coastal plants.
Information availability and ability choice in a market for physicians
Authors: Lara Córdova Edgardo , Rodríguez‐Camacho Javier A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the ability choices and pricing strategies of physicians in a duopolistic market where consumers base their decisions on anecdotes. The consumers are aware of only some of the physicians and estimate their abilities by taking a sample from the patients a physician has previously treated. In this setting, situations arise where physicians have incentives to choose a low level of ability even when it is costless. Namely, more information availability leads to more ability differentiation and a lower average level in equilibrium. Conversely, an equilibrium where both physicians choose a maximum ability is possible when information on at least one of the physicians is not readily available.