bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Message Framing on Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Intentions Related to Primary HPV Testing
Authors: Ogden Shannon N. , Leskinen Emily A. , Sarma Elizabeth A. , Wainwright Jocelyn V. , Rendle Katharine A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Numerous national guidelines now include primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a recommended screening option for cervical cancer in the United States yet little is known regarding screening intentions for this specific screening strategy or interventions that may increase uptake. Gain- and loss-framed messaging can positively impact health behaviors; however, there is mixed evidence on which is more effective for cervical cancer screening, with no published evidence examining HPV testing. To help address this gap, this study compared the effects of message framing on screening knowledge and intentions related to primary HPV testing. We randomized females aged 21–65 (n = 365) to receive brief messaging about cervical cancer screening with either gain- or loss-framing. In January–February 2020, participants completed pretest and posttest measures evaluating cervical cancer knowledge, beliefs, and intentions to be screened using HPV testing. We used generalized estimating equations to model message and framing effects on screening outcomes, controlling for age, education, race, and baseline measures. In comparison to pretest, messaging significantly increased HPV-related screening intentions [adjusted OR (aOR): 2.4 (1–3.5)] and knowledge [aOR: 1.7 (1.2–2.4)], perceived effectiveness of HPV testing [aOR: 4.3 (2.8–6.5)], and preference for primary HPV screening [aOR: 3.2 (1.2–8.5)], regardless of message framing. For all outcomes, no significant interaction by message framing was observed. Brief public health messaging positively impacted HPV-related screening intentions, knowledge, and beliefs, independent of message framing. In conjunction with other strategies, these results suggest that messaging could be an effective tool to increase uptake of primary HPV testing.

Prevention Relevance:
Primary HPV tests are more sensitive and offer greater reassurance than Pap tests alone yet use for routine cervical cancer screening remains low. Brief public health messaging can positively impact awareness, knowledge, and screening intention regarding primary HPV testing. Messaging campaigns paired with other strategies can increase uptake across populations.
See related Spotlight, p. 823
Determinants of Response and Intrinsic Resistance to PD-1 Blockade in Microsatellite Instability–High Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kwon Minsuk , An Minae , Klempner Samuel J. , Lee Hyuk , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Sa Jason K. , Cho Hee Jin , Hong Jung Yong , Lee Taehyang , Min Yang Won , Kim Tae Jun , Min Byung-Hoon , Park Woong-Yang , Kang Won Ki , Kim Kyu-Tae , Kim Seung Tae , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Sequence alterations in microsatellites and an elevated mutational burden are observed in 20% of gastric cancers and associated with clinical response to anti–PD-1 antibodies. However, 50% of microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) cancers are intrinsically resistant to PD-1 therapies. We conducted a phase II trial of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced MSI-H gastric cancer and included serial and multi-region tissue samples in addition to serial peripheral blood analyses. The number of whole-exome sequencing (WES)–derived nonsynonymous mutations correlated with antitumor activity and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS). Coupling WES to single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified dynamic tumor evolution with greater on-treatment collapse of mutational architecture in responders. Diverse T-cell receptor repertoire was associated with longer PFS to pembrolizumab. In addition, an increase in PD-1+ CD8+ T cells correlated with durable clinical benefit. Our findings highlight the genomic, immunologic, and clinical outcome heterogeneity within MSI-H gastric cancer and may inform development of strategies to enhance responsiveness.

Significance:
This study highlights response heterogeneity within MSI-H gastric cancer treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy and underscores the potential for extended baseline and early on-treatment biomarker analyses to identify responders. The observed markers of intrinsic resistance have implications for patient stratification to inform novel combinations among patients with intrinsically resistant features.
See related commentary by Fontana and Smyth, p. 2126.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113
Unequal clustering in wireless sensor network: a review
Authors: Al-ani Khalid Waleed , Bin Abdullah Fairuz , Yossuf Salman 
Published: April 2021

<p><span>In recent time, the applications' diversity of wireless sensor network (WSN) attracts many researchers. WSN comprises of many sensor nodes with limited battery power. Therefore, energy consumption should be controlled to the optimum. Clustering is an efficient solution for energy management in WSN, but clustering does not consider the sink node location. It will cause the energy hole problem in multi-hop routing. Energy hole problem was solved by unequal clustering. A review of various unequal clustering mechanisms is presented in this paper. The comparison between the various mechanisms was based on cluster head election process, cluster properties, simulation parameters and energy efficiency to highlight a more efficient and scalable unequal clustering algorithm for </span>WSN.</p>
A survey on predicting oil spills by studying its causes using deep learning techniques
Authors: Mohamed Nasr Mona , Kamal Kamel Fahd , Abd Elwahab Yasmen Samhan 
Published: April 2021

<span>It’s so easy to know the accidents as it’s already happened and solving these accidents is immediately handled, but searching for a solution for these accidents, don’t deny the existence of reasons that made accidents happen. Knowing the source of accidents will help in avoiding them to occur in the future. It’s an important field in searching as some human lives depend on the safety of such a field, so it’s so important to use a powerful technique to define these reasons as the research point in spill accidents and predicting accidents and to predict the occurrence of the accident before its happening depending on its reasons that lead to that accident in past times so with similar conditions it might happen an accident but it needs a sufficient data and a powerful technique such as deep learning techniques that give very precise results and by using this tool an Intelligent Model will build to predict oil spilling. In this survey paper, related work will be discussed to enhance that work.</span>
Late-Life Vascular Risk Score in Association With Postmortem Cerebrovascular Disease Brain Pathologies
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Yu Lei , Capuano Ana , Arvanitakis Zoe , Barnes Lisa L. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A. , Buchman Aron S. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:
The general cardiovascular Framingham risk score (FRS) identifies adults at increased risk for stroke. We tested the hypothesis that baseline FRS is associated with the presence of postmortem cerebrovascular disease (CVD) pathologies.

Methods:
We studied the brains of 1672 older decedents with baseline FRS and measured CVD pathologies including macroinfarcts, microinfarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We employed a series of logistic regressions to examine the association of baseline FRS with each of the 5 CVD pathologies.

Results:

Average age at baseline was 80.5±7.0 years and average age at death was 89.2±6.7 years. A higher baseline FRS was associated with higher odds of macroinfarcts (odds ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07–1.13],
P
<0.001), microinfarcts (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01–1.07],
P
=0.009), atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.04–1.11],
P
<0.001), and arteriolosclerosis (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01–1.07],
P
=0.005). C statistics for these models ranged from 0.537 to 0.595 indicating low accuracy for predicting CVD pathologies. FRS was not associated with the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Conclusions:
A higher FRS score in older adults is associated with higher odds of some, but not all, CVD pathologies, with low discrimination at the individual level. Further work is needed to develop a more robust risk score to identify adults at risk for accumulating CVD pathologies.
Revealing Christ’s Presence in Jesus Films and Dreams: Towards Ontonic Semiotics of Non-representation
Authors: Merz Johannes 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Jesus films remain popular in missionary work, yet little is known about how they communicate. Working with viewers in Benin, West Africa, I observed that they watch films as an embodied practice that goes beyond the explanatory power of meaning-based communication models. For them, the filmic portrayal of Jesus is not an image or representation; it rather reveals Christ’s presence in a veracious and immediate way. Consequently, people experience the actor as if he were Jesus, who sometimes interacts with them in dreams. I argue that current anthropological theories are inadequate when trying to account for this. By shifting the focus from meaning to presence, and by introducing the notion of the ‘onton,’ I propose the novel approach of ‘ontonic semiotics’ that accounts for how people make sense of, and interact with, the world. This approach highlights the need to give more attention to how Jesus appears to global audiences.
“Powerlessness, Impotence, Astonishment, and the Need for an Immediate Lie”: The Byproducts of Lopez Mausere
Authors: Stańczyk Xawery 
Published: April 2021

The article focuses on the question of national, gender, and religious identity in the poetry and other writings of Wojciech Stamm, also known as Lopez Mausere and Gertruda Jarząbek. Mausere’s affiliation with the Polish Failures Club (Club der Polnischen Versager) in Berlin and the relationships between his biography and literature are examined as well. The author contends that Mausere’s concept of poetry as a genre similar to a joke, anecdote, mistake or deliberate deception, as well as his use of low, slang or colloquial registers of language, reflect Stamm’s belief that the carnivalized upside-down world is more real than the illusion produced by social roles, norms, statuses, hierarchies, and identities. Thus, failure to perform one’s role or normative identity might ultimately prove more creative and meaningful than the proper observance of prevalent social mores.
Job Analyses of Earth Science Data Librarians and Data Managers
Authors: Bishop Bradley Wade , Orehek Ashley Marie , Collier Hannah R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study’s purpose is to capture the skills of Earth science data managers and librarians through interviews with current job holders. Job analysis interviews were conducted of 14 participants—six librarians and eight data managers—to assess the types and frequencies of job tasks. Participants identified tasks related to communication, including collaboration, teaching, and project management activities. Data-specific tasks included data discovery, processing, and curation, which require an understanding of the data, technology, and information infrastructures to support data use, reuse, and preservation. Most respondents had formal science education and six had a master’s degree in Library and Information Sciences. Most of the knowledge, skills, and abilities for these workers were acquired through on-the-job experience, but future professionals in these careers may benefit from tailored education informed through job analyses.
Seasonal Gap Theory for ENSO Phase Locking
Authors: Kim Soong-Ki , An Soon-Il 
Published: April 2021

Abstract The life cycle of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) typically follows a seasonal march, onset in spring, developing during summer, maturing in boreal winter, and decaying over the following spring. This feature is referred to as ENSO phase locking. Recent studies have noted that seasonal modulation of the ENSO growth rate is essential for this process. This study investigates the fundamental effect of a seasonally varying growth rate on ENSO phase locking using a modified seasonally-dependent recharge oscillator model. There are two phase locking regimes associated with the strength of the seasonal modulation of growth rate: (1) a weak regime in which only a single peak occurs; and (2) a strong regime in which two types of events occur either with a single peak or double peak. Notably, there is a seasonal gap in the strong regime, during which the ENSO peak cannot occur because of large-scale ocean-atmosphere coupled processes. We also retrieve a simple analytical solution of the seasonal variance of ENSO, revealing that the variance is governed by the time-integral of seasonally varying growth rate. Based on this formulation, we propose a seasonal energy index (SEI) that allows explaining the seasonal gap, and provides an intuitive explanation for ENSO phase locking, potentially applicable to global climate model ENSO diagnostics.
The Effects of Ice Habit on Simulated Orographic Snowfall
Authors: Sterzinger Lucas J. , Igel Adele L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany factors are at play in determining the amount and distribution of mountain snowfall that is predicted by weather models; among them is the influence of assumed ice habit on snowfall distribution. Ice habit is necessarily greatly simplified in microphysics schemes and uncertainty remains in how best to model ice processes. In this study we simulate a Sierra Nevada snowfall event driven by an extratropical cyclone in February 2014. We have simulated the storm with four fixed habit types as well as with an ice habit scheme that is variable in time and space. In contrast to some previous studies, we found substantially smaller sensitivity of total accumulated precipitation amount and negligible changes in spatial distribution to the ice habit specification. The reason for smaller sensitivity seems to be linked to strong aggregation of ice crystals in the model. Nonetheless, while changes in total accumulated precipitation were small, changes in accumulated ice hydrometeors were larger. The variable-habit simulation produced up to 37% more ice precipitation than any of the fixed-habit simulations with an average increase of 14%. The variable-habit simulation led to a maximization of ice growth in the atmosphere and, subsequently, ice accumulation at the surface. This result points to the potential importance of accounting for the time and space variation of ice crystal properties in simulations of orographic precipitation.
An Impact Study of GNSS RO Data on the Prediction of Typhoon Nepartak (2016) Using a Multiresolution Global Model with 3D-Hybrid Data Assimilation
Authors: Chen Shu-Ya , Shih Cheng-Peng , Huang Ching-Yuang , Teng Wen-Hsin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConventional soundings are rather limited over the western North Pacific and can be largely compensated by GNSS radio occultation (RO) data. We utilize the GSI hybrid assimilation system to assimilate RO data and the multiresolution global model (MPAS) to investigate the RO data impact on prediction of Typhoon Nepartak that passed over southern Taiwan in 2016. In this study, the performances of assimilation with local RO refractivity and bending angle operators are compared for the assimilation analysis and typhoon forecast. Assimilations with both RO data have shown similar and comparable temperature and moisture increments after cycling assimilation and largely reduce the RMSEs of the forecast without RO data assimilation at later times. The forecast results at 60–15-km resolution show that RO data assimilation largely improves the typhoon track prediction compared to that without RO data assimilation, and assimilation with bending angle has better performances than assimilation with refractivity, in particular for wind forecast. The improvement in the forecasted track is mainly due to the improved simulation for the translation of the typhoon. Diagnostics of wavenumber-1 potential vorticity (PV) tendency budget indicates that the northwestward typhoon translation dominated by PV horizontal advection is slowed down by the southward tendency induced by the stronger differential diabatic heating south of the typhoon center for bending-angle assimilation. Simulations with the enhanced resolution of 3 km in the region of the storm track show further improvements in both typhoon track and intensity prediction with RO data assimilation. Positive RO impacts on track prediction are also illustrated for two other typhoons using the MPAS-GSI system.
Efficient Estimation of a Scale Parameter of Bivariate Lomax Distribution by Ranked Set Sampling
Authors: Koshti Rohan D. , Kamalja Kirtee K. 
Published: April 2021

Ranked set sampling (RSS) is an efficient technique for estimating parameters and is applicable whenever ranking on a set of sampling units can be done easily by a judgment method or based on an auxiliary variable. In this paper, we assume [Formula: see text]to have bivariate Lomax distribution where a study variable [Formula: see text]is difficult and/or expensive to measure and is correlated with an auxiliary variable [Formula: see text] which is readily measurable. The auxiliary variable is used to rank the sampling units. In this article, we propose an estimator for the scale parameter of bivariate Lomax distribution using some of the modified RSS schemes. Efficiency comparison of the proposed estimators is performed numerically as well as graphically. A simulation study is also performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators. Finally, we implement the results to real-life datasets. AMS classification codes: 62D05, 62F07, 62G30
The association between depression and chronic lower back pain from disc degeneration and herniation of the lumbar spine
Authors: Kao Yeh-Chan , Chen Ji-Ying , Chen Hsi-Han , Liao Kuang-Wen , Huang Shiau-Shian 
Published: April 2021

Objective Chronic lower back pain induced by lumbar disc degeneration or herniation exerts a great impact on patients’ daily lives. Depression and anxiety often exist among patients with lower back pain. Some studies mentioned about mechanisms, such as inflammatory biomarkers, which are commonly seen in herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Method: Our study used a large database from the National Health Insurance to explore the incidence rate of MDD in patients with HIVD and correlated risk factors. A total of 41,874 patients with HIVD were included in this work. The control group was matched by using propensity scores. Results: The results showed a temporal association between prior HIVD and subsequent MDD after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Patients with HIVD were at high risk of developing MDD (hazard ratio, HR: 9.00, 95% confidence interval, CI: 7.196–11.257) even after adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities (HR: 8.47, 95% CI: 6.84–10.49, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The combination of HIVD and MDD represents an important health problem that is associated with higher disability rates, socioeconomic disadvantage, and greater utilization of health care resources. Early detection and combined treatment of depressive symptoms may benefit patients with HIVD.
Consultation in Ecuador: Institutional Fragility and Participation in National Extractive Policy
Authors: Vela-Almeida Diana , Torres Nataly 
Published: April 2021

An analysis of five lawsuits against the infringement of the rights to participation illustrates that effective compliance with free prior and informed consultation and popular consultation on extractive projects in Ecuador is compromised by state institutional fragility. While suits on the rights to participation have served as strategies to halt extractive projects that lack prior consultation, extractive activities continue to present great risks to territorial defense and the good-living agenda. Un análisis de cinco demandas contra la violación del derecho a la participación ilustra que el cumplimiento efectivo de la consulta previa, libre e informada y la consulta popular sobre proyectos extractivos en Ecuador se ha visto comprometido por la fragilidad institucional del Estado. Si bien las demandas en torno a los derechos de participación han servido como estrategias para detener los proyectos extractivos que carecen de consulta previa, las actividades extractivas siguen presentando grandes riesgos para la defensa territorial y la agenda del buen vivir.
Navigating celiac disease and the gluten-free diet in China
Authors: Zhang Qianhui , Wolf Randi L , Lee Anne R , Catassi Carlo , Zybert Patricia , Green Peter HR , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: April 2021

Background: Little is known about celiac disease (CeD) diagnosis and management in China. Aim: This pilot aimed to be the first study to describe, quantitatively and qualitatively, how individuals living in China navigate CeD and the gluten-free diet (GFD). Methods: Participants were 13 adults and four parents of children with reported CeD, recruited from 11 mainland China cities via an online GFD support group. CeD-specific quality of life (CD-QOL and CD-PQOL) and diet adherence (CDAT) were assessed. In-depth interviews addressed experiences with CeD and the GFD. Results: Six of 17 participants reported biopsy- or serology-confirmed CeD. The mean (SD) adult CDAT score was 15.2 (3.6), > 13 indicating inadequate GFD adherence. The mean adult CD-QOL score was 62.1 (24.1) out of 100, in the “medium” to “good” range. Results were similar in children. Major interview themes included: (1) a challenging journey to obtain diagnosis; (2) social and structural barriers to maintaining the GFD; and (3) reliance on self in management of CeD. Conclusion: Obtaining a diagnosis, maintaining a GFD, and living with CeD can be extremely challenging in mainland China. Results suggest an urgent need for CeD-specific education and Asian-adapted GFD guidance for both healthcare practitioners and patients.
Clinical utility of immunological methods based on the singleplex and multiplex ImmunoCap systems for diagnosis of shrimp allergy
Authors: Ukleja-Sokołowska Natalia , Lis Kinga , Żbikowska-Gotz Magdalena , Adamczak Rafał , Kuźmiński Andrzej , Bartuzi Zbigniew 
Published: April 2021

Background Levels of specific IgE (sIgE) against allergen components can be assessed using multiplex assays or with highly sensitive, quantitative methods. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of different immunological methods for diagnosis of shrimp allergy. Methods Twenty patients with positive skin prick tests for frozen tiger shrimp were selected for further examination. Blood samples were taken to assess concentrations of sIgE against the house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, shrimp allergen extract, allergen components Der p 1, Der p 2 and Pan a 1 (ImmunoCap), and the ImmunoCap ISAC 112 panel. Results All patients had elevated levels of sIgE against shrimp and D pteronyssinus. Eight patients were sensitized to Pen m 1, three patients were sensitized to Pen m 2, and two patients were sensitized to Pen m 4 (ISAC). ImmunoCap ISAC detected shrimp sensitization in 50% of patients. There was a strong correlation between concentrations of sIgE against Pen m1 and Der p 10 detected by ImmunoCap. Conclusions The singleplex ImmunoCap system remains the reference diagnostic method, but in the case of shrimp allergy ImmunoCap ISAC provided better insight into patient allergen profiles.