bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the foam-forming of non-woven lightweight fibrous materials using X-ray tomography
Authors: Burke S. R. , Möbius M. E. , Hjelt T. , Ketoja J. A. , Hutzler S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Foam-forming has in the past predominantly been used to create two-dimensional sheet-like fibrous materials. Allowing the foam to drain freely and decay under gravity, rather than applying a vacuum to remove it rapidly, we can produce lightweight three-dimensional fibrous structures from cellulose fibres, of potential use for thermal and acoustic insulation. $$\mu$$
μ
CT scanning of the fibrous materials enable us to determine both void size distributions and also distributions of fibre orientations. Through image analysis and uniaxial compression testing, we find that the orientation of the fibres, rather than the size of the voids, determine the compressive strength of the material. The fibrous samples display a layering of the fibres perpendicular to the direction of drainage of the precursor liquid foam. This leads to an anisotropy of the compressive behaviour of the samples. Varying the initial liquid fraction of the foam allows for tuning of the compressive strength. We show an increase in over seven times can be achieved for samples of the same density (13 kg.m-3).

Graphic abstract
Influence of load-shedding and night on SiR insulator environmental aging under AC test voltages
Authors: Ahmed Waqas , Arshad  , Masood Muhammad Tahir , Ali Muhammad Umair 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInsulators play a critical role in healthy transmission under the influence of operational stresses (OSs). OSs include environmental stresses (ultraviolet-radiations, seasonal heat and humidity variations, and pollution (inert and active), etc.) and electrical stresses (electric field distribution, corona, etc.). OSs can deteriorate insulators, jeopardizing the healthy transmission. In this experimental study, four silicon rubber (SiR) insulators with different concentrations of micro and nano-silica fillers are tested in a specially designed and fabricated compact environmental chamber for 1920 h under OSs, un-scheduled load shedding, and night factors for more realistic field insulators deterioration characteristics. Insulators' potential distribution, electrical field distribution, hydrophobicity, and leakage current characteristics are considered. Experimental results reveal OSs affected insulators' leakage current profile due to hydrophobicity loss and electric field distribution variations. Moreover, SiR insulators under OSs regained insulation characteristics due to heavier inner molecule replacement to the dissipated and degraded outer lower weight insulating molecules. This property provides a reusability opportunity for SiR insulators in power system networks, unlike traditional insulators.
Influence of the fermentation methods on the resistant starch formation by X-ray diffraction
Authors: Kanazawa Sachio , Sanabria Melissa , Monteiro Magna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work consists of a study about the influence of the fermentation methods on the resistant starch (RS) formation. Crystalline phases at the white bread after production and during the staling were evaluated. The bakery formulation was proportionally the same for the two fermentation methods used, except for the yeast. A commercial dry yeast and sourdough were used for the direct method (DM) and indirect method (IM), respectively. The temperature and cooking time, as well as the packaging and storage, were kept constant for all samples. Characterizations were performed on both samples by XRD and FTIR-ATR. It is possible to affirm that the fermentation method greatly influences the crystalline and microstructural properties of bread, mainly on the RS. The bread produced by IM presented more significant changes in its microstructure and degree of crystallinity than bread made by DM. These microstructural differences may be directly related to the microorganisms present in the sourdough, which can influence the bread resistant starch during the cooking and storage time.
A cohort retrospective study on computed tomography scan among pediatric minor head trauma patients
Authors: Tabrizi Shahrouz , Zafar Elahe , Rafiei Hooman 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Computed tomography (CT) scan is commonly performed in head trauma patients to identify severity of the brain injury. However, the role of clinical signs and consciousness is critical in deciding the need of CT scan, in order to avoid unnecessary exposure to X-ray radiations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of positive CT findings in our pediatric population referred to our center with minor head trauma and its correlation with clinical signs and symptoms.

Method:
In this retrospective study, children aged under 15 years presented to our center within 6 h of minor head trauma from 2019 to 2020 were included. CT findings, demographic data, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and clinical sign were extracted from patient data file. Positive CT scan patients were further evaluated in terms of GCS and signs and symptoms. The data were analyzed using SPSS v25.

Result:
Of 380 children included, the most common findings from CT scan were fractures (11.8%), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage) (6.1%), and ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage) (5.5%). 18.7% of total children had positive CT findings. Nausea and vomiting, seizure, racoon eyes, battle sign and GCS less than 15 were positively associated with positive CT finding. Mechanism of trauma and age group were not associated with positive CT.

Conclusions:
Clinical signs should be observed among the patients along with level of consciousness before CT scan. Further studies are required to design a precise algorithm and guidelines regarding the use of CT scan among pediatric minor head trauma patients.

Highlights
The Prevalence of Vaginal Flatus in Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders and Its Impact on Sexual Function
Authors: Lau Hui-Hsuan , Su Tsung-Hsien , Chen Ying-Yu , Huang Wen-Chu 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaginal flatus is involuntarily passing gas from the vagina. Women seldom voluntarily report it, and related data are limited.AimTo investigate the prevalence of vaginal flatus in women with pelvic floor disorders and its impact on sexual function.MethodsThis was an observational study involving women who visited a urogynecologic clinic in a tertiary medical center. Patients were asked about their experience of vaginal flatus. Other evaluations included urodynamics, genital prolapse stage, and quality-of-life questionnaires, including the short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, Urogenital Distress Inventory, and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire.OutcomesClinical characteristics, vaginal anatomic landmarks, stage of prolapse, urodynamic parameters, and quality-of-life scores were compared between women with and without vaginal flatus.RESULTSAmong 341 women, 118 (35%) reported vaginal flatus, which was more common in those who were younger (a mean age of 49.3 ± 9.2 years; range 25–74 years vs 49.3 ± 9.2 years; range 25–74 years, P &lt; .001) and sexually active (98% vs 55%, P &lt; .001). Women with vaginal flatus had significantly worse sexual function (Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, 16.3 ± 15.9 vs 30.9 ± 8.0, P &lt; .001) and incontinence-related quality of life (Urogenital Distress Inventory, 23.4 ± 10.5 vs 17.8 ± 8.9, P = .039; Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, 25.5 ± 14.5 vs 17.2 ± 12.5, P = .012). For frequency and bother, 48 of 116 (46%) women reported often or always having symptoms during sexual activity, 5 of 34 (15%) when performing daily activities, and 4 of 31 (12%) when exercising, and 70 of 116 (60%) felt least moderate bothersome during sexual activity compared with 2 of 34 (5%) when performing daily activities and 6 of 31 (18%) when exercising.Clinical ImplicationsVaginal flatus is prevalent in women with pelvic floor disorders, particularly in those who are younger and sexually active.Strengths & LimitationsThe strength of this study is to evaluate the sexual function with validated questionnaires. The lack of data after pelvic floor management is the major limitation.CONCLUSIONSAmong women with pelvic floor disorders, those with vaginal flatus reported poorer sexual function. Routine counseling should be considered for these patients.
AIRS Satellite Observations of Gravity Waves During the 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Kalisch S. , Chun H.‐Y. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA major sudden stratospheric warming event occurred on January 24, 2009 and showed a unique and pronounced planetary wave 2 amplitude with a subsequent split in the polar vortex. While research about the role of planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events exists, the contribution of gravity waves (GWs) is still uncertain. We therefore investigated the role of stratospheric GWs in the Northern Hemisphere during the 2009 winter season. We use observational data from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite instrument for our analysis. Variances in the 4.3 µm brightness temperature perturbations are analyzed together with Level 3 temperature retrievals to investigate the connection between GWs and the warming event. Our planetary wave analysis shows zonal wavenumber 1 amplitudes during December 2008 and early January 2009. However, zonal wavenumber 2 is more dominant between mid‐January and January 24, 2009. We also found a decrease in Northern hemisphere GW activity a few days before the maximum warming and the wind reversal occur at 30 hPa altitude. Furthermore, prominent GW activity was found at Labrador Peninsula and southern Greenland, both are locations of elevated GW activity (hotspots), until mid‐January 2009. We discuss the potential of these orographic GWs to amplify planetary waves during the onset of the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event.
Exploring salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: a scoping review and research suggestions
Authors: Kapoor Priyanka , Chowdhry Aman , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Bablani Popli Deepika , Gautam Kamini , Saini Vikram 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionMolecular diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infection characteristically involves the sampling of the throat or nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). However, these procedures are invasive, require necessary skills for sample collection, cause patient discomfort, and are non-conducive for extensive scale testing. Saliva is increasingly being suggested as an alternate diagnostic sample in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ObjectivesThis scoping review was done with the objective of exploring the evidence on the role of saliva as an alternate diagnostic sample in SARS‐CoV‐2 condition.MethodsThorough search of the literature in major databases was undertaken in June 2020 using free text and MESH terms, followed by PRISMA to identify 17 studies for data extraction.Results and conclusionsEvidence was summarised for study characteristics, salivary sampling characteristics, viral load, and longevity of virus in saliva. The literature supports that saliva offers a simple sample collection method compared to technique-sensitive NPS and has the advantage of point-of-care testing for initial screening in community or hospital-based set-up. The additional highlights of this review are heterogeneity in the current literature and the gaps in methodology. Therefore, a robust study design to generate higher levels of evidence has been proposed.
The AiiDA-KKR plugin and its application to high-throughput impurity embedding into a topological insulator
Authors: Rüßmann Philipp , Bertoldo Fabian , Blügel Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe ever increasing availability of supercomputing resources led computer-based materials science into a new era of high-throughput calculations. Recently, Pizzi et al. introduced the AiiDA framework that provides a way to automate calculations while allowing to store the full provenance of complex workflows in a database. We present the development of the AiiDA-KKR plugin that allows to perform a large number of ab initio impurity embedding calculations based on the relativistic full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function method. The capabilities of the AiiDA-KKR plugin are demonstrated with the calculation of several thousand impurities embedded into the prototypical topological insulator Sb2Te3. The results are collected in the JuDiT database which we use to investigate chemical trends as well as Fermi level and layer dependence of physical properties of impurities. This includes the study of spin moments, the impurity’s tendency to form in-gap states or its effect on the charge doping of the host-crystal. These properties depend on the detailed electronic structure of the impurity embedded into the host crystal which highlights the need for ab initio calculations in order to get accurate predictions.
Breakdown of supersaturation barrier links protein folding to amyloid formation
Authors: Noji Masahiro , Samejima Tatsushi , Yamaguchi Keiichi , So Masatomo , Yuzu Keisuke , Chatani Eri , Akazawa-Ogawa Yoko , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Kawata Yasushi , Ikenaka Kensuke , Mochizuki Hideki , Kardos József , Otzen Daniel E. , Bellotti Vittorio , Buchner Johannes , Goto Yuji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding, known as the “Anfinsen’s dogma” states that the native structure of a protein represents a free energy minimum determined by the amino acid sequence. However, inconsistent with the Anfinsen’s dogma, globular proteins can misfold to form amyloid fibrils, which are ordered aggregates associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Here, we present a general concept for the link between folding and misfolding. We tested the accessibility of the amyloid state for various proteins upon heating and agitation. Many of them showed Anfinsen-like reversible unfolding upon heating, but formed amyloid fibrils upon agitation at high temperatures. We show that folding and amyloid formation are separated by the supersaturation barrier of a protein. Its breakdown is required to shift the protein to the amyloid pathway. Thus, the breakdown of supersaturation links the Anfinsen’s intramolecular folding universe and the intermolecular misfolding universe.
Berberine accelerated wound healing by restoring TrxR1/JNK in diabetes
Authors: Zhou Rui , Xiang Changpei , Cao Guangzhao , Xu He , Zhang Yi , Yang Hongjun , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The high disability, mortality and morbidity of diabetic ulcers make it urgent to explore effective strategies for diabetic wound repair. TrxR1 plays a vital role in regulating redox homeostasis in various pathologies. In the present study, the effect of berberine (BBR) on diabetic wounds was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and a high glucose (HG)-induced cell model, and the mechanism of BBR on TrxR1 was elucidated. BBR treatment remarkably accelerated wound healing and enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and significantly inhibited HG-induced HaCaT cell damage. Further analysis indicated that BBR activated TrxR1, suppressed its downstream JNK signaling, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoted cell proliferation, down-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 (MMP9) and up-regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitors of MMP 1 (TIMP1), resulting in accelerated wound healing. Importantly, the enhancement of BBR on wound repair was further abolished by TrxR1 inhibitor. Moreover, in diabetic wounds induced by a combination of STZ injection and high-fat diet, BBR significantly increased wound closure rate and TrxR1 expression, and this was reversed by TrxR1 inhibitor. These data indicated that topical BBR treatment accelerated diabetic wound healing by activating TrxR1. Targeting TrxR1 may be a novel, effective strategy for restoring redox homeostasis and promoting diabetic wound healing.
New reconstruction of event-integrated spectra (spectral fluences) for major solar energetic particle events
Authors: Koldobskiy S. , Raukunen O. , Vainio R. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Usoskin I. 
Published: January 2021

Aims. Fluences of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are not easy to evaluate, especially for high-energy events (i.e. ground-level enhancements, GLEs). Earlier estimates of event-integrated SEP fluences for GLEs were based on partly outdated assumptions and data, and they required revisions. Here, we present the results of a full revision of the spectral fluences for most major SEP events (GLEs) for the period from 1956 to 2017 using updated low-energy flux estimates along with greatly revisited high-energy flux data and applying the newly invented reconstruction method including an improved neutron-monitor yield function.
Methods. Low- and high-energy parts of the SEP fluence were estimated using a revised space-borne/ionospheric data and ground-based neutron monitors, respectively. The measured data were fitted by the modified Band function spectral shape. The best-fit parameters and their uncertainties were assessed using a direct Monte Carlo method.
Results. A full reconstruction of the event-integrated spectral fluences was performed in the energy range above 30 MeV, parametrised and tabulated for easy use along with estimates of the 68% confidence intervals.
Conclusions. This forms a solid basis for more precise studies of the physics of solar eruptive events and the transport of energetic particles in the interplanetary medium, as well as the related applications.
Bone and muscle development in three inbred female mouse strains
Authors: Föger-Samwald Ursula , Papageorgiou Maria , Wahl-Figlash Katharina , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTMuscle force is thought to be one of the main determinants of bone development. Hence, peak muscle growth is expected to precede peak bone growth. In this study, we investigated muscle and bone development in female C57BL/6 J, DBA/2JRj, and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure and the weights of selected muscles were assessed at the ages of 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Muscle mass increased from 8 to 24 weeks in all 3 strains, suggesting peak muscle development at 24 weeks or later. Bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and connectivity density of the femur decreased or remained unchanged, whereas trabecular density and trabecular thickness largely increased. These results suggest a peak in trabecular bone accrual at 8 weeks or earlier followed by further increases in density and structural reorganization of trabeculae. Cortical density, cortical thickness, and cortical cross sectional area increased over time, suggesting a peak in cortical bone accrual at 24 weeks or later. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that growth of muscle lags behind trabecular bone accrual.
Asymmetric Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reactions of 2-Pyrones by Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Cai Quan , Si Xu-Ge , Zhang Zhi-Mao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiels–Alder reactions of 2-pyrones with alkenes can provide highly functionalized [2,2,2]-bicyclic lactones under mild reaction conditions. Synthetic utilizations of these reactions have been well demonstrated in natural-product synthesis. Although several catalytic asymmetric strategies have been realized, current research in this area is still largely underdeveloped. Recent advances in enantioselective inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reactions with Lewis acid catalysis are reviewed.1	Introduction2	State of the Art of Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reactions of 2-Pyrones by Lewis Acid Catalysis3	Enantioselective Synthesis of Arene cis-Dihydrodiols by Diels–­Alder/Retro-Diels–Alder Reactions of 2-Pyrones4	Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Decalin Derivatives by Diels–­Alder Reactions of 2-Pyrones5	Conclusions
Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion: An Independent Risk Factor for Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants
Authors: Huang Chun-Pin , Hung Yi-Li , Hsieh Wu-Shiun , Shen Chung-Min 
Published: January 2021

Objective The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a major complication of prematurity, may be reduced by restricting fluid administration. Prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion may reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in these infants, but risks transfusion-related volume overload. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether FFP transfusion is a risk factor for hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) in very low birth weight (BW) premature infants.
Study Design From January 2009 to December 2014, 102 premature infants with gestational age (GA) less than or equal to 30 weeks were admitted to a level III neonatal intensive care unit, and 88 patients were enrolled. Patients were further divided into non-hsPDA (n = 29) and hsPDA groups (n = 59). We retrospectively reviewed demographic characteristics and various perinatal and postnatal variables. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for hsPDA.
Results Compared with non-hsPDA patients, hsPDA patients had lower mean BW and GA, a higher incidence of severe respiratory distress symptoms, perinatal infection, use of surfactant, and need for FFP transfusion. However, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only FFP transfusion remained an independent risk factor for hsPDA (adjusted odds ratio = 3.880, 95% confidence interval: 1.214–12.402, p = 0.022) after adjusting for confounding factors.
Conclusion FFP transfusion is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of hsPDA in our study population. FFP transfusion may complicate the fluid management of premature infants and increase the risk of hsPDA.
Key Points
Mortality and Morbidity in Premature Infants: An East and West Comparative Study
Authors: Patil Monika , Vardhelli Venkateshwarlu , Hagan Joseph L. , Deshabhotla Saikiran , Murki Srinivas 
Published: January 2021

Objective Survival of preterm infants differs dramatically depending on birthplace. No previous studies have compared outcomes of preterm infants between low middle-income and high-income countries such as India and the United States. The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in care practices, resources, mortality, and morbidities in preterm infants with birth weight 700 to 1,500 g between two major neonatal centers in these countries.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study with de-identified data from Fernandez Hospital (FH) in Hyderabad, India, and Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) in Houston, TX, for infants born January 2016 to December 2018, and weighing 700 to 1,500 g at birth. The primary outcome was death before hospital discharge.
Results Of 1,195 infants, 736 were admitted to FH and 459 were admitted to TCH. After controlling for differences in gestational age, small for gestational age, and antenatal corticosteroid use, TCH patients had lower mortality before hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.48, p < 0.001) and more bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.51–3.21, p < 0.001). The composite outcome of death or BPD and death or any major morbidity (BPD or intraventricular hemorrhage grade II or more or periventricular leukomalacia grade II or more or retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment) were not different.
Conclusion In this study, TCH infants had decreased odds of death before hospital discharge compared with FH but higher odds of BPD, which may be related to increased survival and differences in care practices.
Key Points