bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of peak oxygen uptake and heart rate reserve in patients after off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Abulimiti Abidan , Nishitani‐Yokoyama Miho , Shimada Kazunori , Kunimoto Mitsuhiro , Matsubara Tomomi , Fujiwara Kei , Aikawa Tatsuro , Ouchi Shohei , Sugita Yurina , Fukao Kosuke , Kadoguchi Tomoyasu , Miyazaki Tetsuro , Shimada Akie , Yamamoto Taira , Takahashi Tetsuya , Fujiwara Toshiyuki , Asai Tohru , Amano Atsushi , Daida Hiroyuki , Minamino Tohru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and heart rate reserve (HRR) are independent prognostic markers of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of peak VO2 and HRR on long‐term prognosis after off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP‐CABG) remains unclear.HypothesisTo determine the prognostic impact of peak VO2 and HRR in patients after OP‐CABG.ResultsWe enrolled 327 patients (mean age, 65.1 ± 9.3 years; male, 80%) who underwent OP‐CABG and participated in early phase II cardiac rehabilitation. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at the beginning of such rehabilitation. Overall, 48 (14.6%) patients died during the median follow‐up period of 103 months. The non‐survivor had significantly lower levels of peak VO2 (10.6 ± 0.5 vs. 13.7 ± 0.2 ml/kg/min, p < .01) and HRR (24.2 ± 1.8 vs. 32.7 ± 0.8 beats/min, p < .01) than the survivor. In both groups, peak VO2 significantly correlated with HRR (p < .01). Moreover, patients were divided into four groups according to the peak VO2 and HRR levels for predicting total mortality. The low‐peak VO2/low‐HRR group had a significantly higher mortality risk than the other groups (hazards ratio, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.59–12.16; p < .01). After adjusted the confounding factors, peak VO2 and HRR were independently associated with total mortality (both p < .05).ConclusionsHRR is a simple parameter of CPET and an important prognostic marker for the risk stratification of total mortality even in patients with low‐peak VO2 after OP‐CABG.
Comparison between translucencies of anterior resin composites and natural dental tissues
Authors: Balci Melin , Ergucu Zeynep , Çelik Esra Uzer , Turkun Lezize Sebnem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe aimed to assess the translucencies of seven anterior resin composites in comparison to natural dental tissues under dry and hydrated conditions. Seven resin composites—Clearfil Majesty ES‐2 (A1‐AE1), Essentia (LE‐Universal), Ceram‐X Duo (E1), Synergy D6 Enamel (Universal White Opaque), Harmonize (A1), Filtek Ultimate (XW Enamel), and Zenit (W2)—were used. Five disc‐shaped (5 × 1 mm) specimens of each shade were fabricated, and enamel and dentin slices were obtained from extracted teeth. The color coordinates of dry and hydrated samples were measured using the SpectroShade Micro device. Translucency parameter (TP) values were calculated using a formula derivated from the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the interaction between the substrate and the storage medium. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to compare the TP values, and the t test was used to compare the translucency parameter values of dry and hydrated samples (P < .05). Translucency parameter values of all dry and hydrated resin composites were higher than those of enamel and dentin samples (P < .05) except for Clearfil Majesty ES‐2 A1 and Ceram‐X Duo E1. Hydration increased the translucency parameter value of all samples (P < .05) except Ceram‐X Duo E1, Harmonize A1, and Filtek Ultimate XW shades where the values were unchanged. Translucency seems to be material‐specific, and no generalization relating to the different substance classes could be made. Hydration and type of materials had a significant effect on TP values. Furthermore, translucency parameter values of anterior resin composites were higher than those of dental tissues, different from each other, and increasing or remain unchanged with hydration depending on the brands tested.
A Remark on the Concentration Compactness Principle in Critical Dimension
Authors: Hang Fengbo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe prove some refinements of the concentration compactness principle for Sobolev space W1, n on a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension n. As an application, we extend Aubin's theorem for functions on with zero first‐order moments of the area element to the higher‐order moments case. Our arguments are very flexible and can be easily modified for functions satisfying various boundary conditions or belonging to higher‐order Sobolev spaces. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Smart biological sensor network for efficient energy consumption
Authors: Tiwari Richa , Nagaria Deepak , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a link is proposed for wireless body area sensor networks (WBASNs) for the transmission of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. When the quantity of signal is very high, then it is beneficial that signal should be compressed before transmission. In that situation, the signal compression and error control schemes played an important role in the designing of link for WBASNs. In case of biological sensor network, it is very important that node consumed less power in transmission because the replacement of nodes is a very complex surgical procedure in many medical situations. A compressed sensing concept is introduced here. The main aspect of this paper is to present transmission strategy that provides fast and accurate transmission of ECG signals. In this the smart sensor nodes are utilized. These nodes having sensing, transformation and transmission capability. The nodes sense the ECG signals, and these signal are compressed by Walsh–Hadamard transform method. This compressed signal is transmitted to the module outside the human body. In this module, various error control coding and modulation operations are to be performed on signals, and after that, signals are transmitted to the final destination. The compressed signal occupied less storage space, and ECC provides high data rate. In that manner, the fast transmission of ECG data becomes possible on low data rate sensor network link.
Single‐cell transcriptomics provides new insights into the role of fibroblasts during peritoneal fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Chen Yuxian , Chen Tufeng , Miao Bin , Tang Zuofu , Hu Xiao , Luo You , Zheng Tong , Na Ning 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe contributions of various types of cell populations in dialysis‐related peritoneal fibrosis are poorly understood. Single‐cell RNA sequencing brings single‐cell level resolution to the analysis of cellular transcriptomics, which provides a new way to further characterize the distinct roles and functional states of each cell population during peritoneal fibrosis.MethodsSingle‐cell transcriptomics from normal peritoneal tissues of six patients, from effluent of patients with short‐term peritoneal dialysis (less than 2 weeks, n = 6), and from long‐term peritoneal dialysis patients (more than 6 years, n = 4) were analyzed.ResultsWe identified a distinct cell component between samples among different groups. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified cell type specific biological processes relevant to different fibrosis stages. Well‐known key molecular mechanisms participating in the pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis were vitrified, and some of them were found to be restricted to specific cell types. Gradually growing enrichment of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and impairment of oxidative phosphorylation in mesothelial cells and fibroblasts were found from healthy control, short‐term dialysis, to long‐term dialysis, respectively. The fibroblasts’ population obtained from the patients, who received peritoneal dialysis, showed a functional characteristic of immune‐chemotaxis and immune response, which was characterized by broadly significant increase in the expression of interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, and human leukocyte antigens. Furthermore, we described the intercellular crosstalk networks based on receptor‐ligand interactions, and highlighted a central role of fibroblasts in regulating the key mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis through crosstalk with other cells.ConclusionsIn summary, despite describing information for fibrogenic molecular mechanisms in the resolution level of individual cell populations, this work identifies the significant functional evolution of fibroblasts during peritoneal fibrosis. This study also reveals the intercellular receptor‐ligand interactions in which the fibroblasts serve as a major node, eventually providing new insights into the role of fibroblasts during disease pathogenesis.
Serous fluid cytopathology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Michael Claire W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSerous fluids/effusions are common cytology samples that reflect a wide range of diseases and lend themselves to a multitude of investigations that include microscopy, chemical analysis, cell count, cultures, and analysis for biomarkers and immunomarkers. In recent years, effusions have also served as a liquid biopsy that can be interrogated by molecular tests for thoranostic and prognostic markers and selection of targeted therapy. The recently published International Reporting System for Serous Fluid Cytopathology (IRSSF) provides a standardized reporting terminology with well‐ defined diagnostic criteria. This editorial provides a global review of the progress in the work‐up of effusions and a summary of the IRSSF book and its most significant contributions. The editorial also includes a summary of the diagnostic categories including their definition and the significant relevant information.
Litter decomposes slowly on shaded steep slope and sunny gentle slope in a typical steppe ecoregion
Authors: Hu An , Duan Yaning , Xu Lei , Chang Shenghua , Chen Xianjiang , Hou Fujiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant litter decomposition is mainly affected by litter properties and environmental factors, but the influence of terrain on litter decomposition is not well understood. We studied the effects of terrain on litter decomposition over a period of 12 months at six locations in a typical steppe ecoregion and measured the concomitant release of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The study site has two aspects, shaded and sunny, each aspect having three slopes: 15°, 30°, and 45°. The same mixed litter was used at each location to exclude the influence of litter quality variation. Results showed that soil temperature and moisture, solar radiation, and plant species diversity varied by terrain, which in turn, affected the k‐value (standardized total effects, 0.78, 0.12, 0.92, 0.23, respectively) and the release of C (0.72, –0.25, 0.83, 0.24, respectively), N (0.89, –0.45, 0.76, 0.40, respectively) and P (0.88, 0.77, 0.58, 0.57, respectively). K‐value and C release decreased with increasing slope on shaded aspect, while increased with increasing slope on sunny aspect. The release of N and P decreased with increasing slope on the shaded aspect. K‐value and C, N, and P release were significantly higher on shaded than that on sunny aspect at 15° and 30°, while at 45°, it was higher on sunny than on shaded aspect. The litter mass loss was slower on shaded 45° and sunny 15°. So moderate grazing or mowing could be used to reduce litter accumulation and accelerate litter decomposition on these terrains. Structural equation modeling indicated that soil temperature and solar radiation had the greatest influence on k‐value and C, N, and P release, and these two factors were directly related to soil moisture and plant species diversity. Overall, our results emphasize the need to consider terrain for litter decomposition in typical steppe ecoregions.
Spatial heterogeneity facilitates carnivore coexistence
Authors: Davies Andrew B. , Tambling Craig J. , Marneweck David G. , Ranc Nathan , Druce Dave J. , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , le Roux Elizabeth , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompetitively dominant carnivore species can limit the population sizes and alter the behavior of inferior competitors. Established mechanisms that enable carnivore coexistence include spatial and temporal avoidance of dominant predator species by subordinates, and dietary niche separation. However, spatial heterogeneity across landscapes could provide inferior competitors with refuges in the form of areas with lower competitor density and/or locations that provide concealment from competitors. Here, we combine temporally overlapping telemetry data from dominant lions (Panthera leo) and subordinate African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) with high‐resolution remote sensing in an integrated step selection analysis to investigate how fine‐scaled landscape heterogeneity might facilitate carnivore coexistence in South Africa’s Hluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park, where both predators occur at exceptionally high densities. We ask whether the primary lion‐avoidance strategy of wild dogs is spatial avoidance of lions or areas frequented by lions, or if wild dogs selectively use landscape features to avoid detection by lions. Within this framework, we also test whether wild dogs rely on proactive or reactive responses to lion risk. In contrast to previous studies finding strong spatial avoidance of lions by wild dogs, we found that the primary wild dog lion‐avoidance strategy was to select landscape features that aid in avoidance of lion detection. This habitat selection was routinely used by wild dogs, and especially when in areas and during times of high lion‐encounter risk, suggesting a proactive response to lion risk. Our findings suggest that spatial landscape heterogeneity could represent an alternative mechanism for carnivore coexistence, especially as ever‐shrinking carnivore ranges force inferior competitors into increased contact with dominant species.
Propensity score‐based analysis of long‐term outcome of patients on HeartWare and HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device support
Authors: Numan Lieke , Ramjankhan Faiz Z. , Oberski Daniel L. , Oerlemans Martinus I.F.J. , Aarts Emmeke , Gianoli Monica , Van Der Heijden Joris J. , De Jonge Nicolaas , Van Der Kaaij Niels P. , Meuwese Christiaan L. , Mokhles Mostafa M. , Oppelaar Anne‐Marie , De Waal Eric E.C. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Van Laake Linda W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular assist device therapy has become the cornerstone in the treatment of end‐stage heart failure and is increasingly used as destination therapy next to bridge to transplant or recovery. HeartMate 3 (HM3) and HeartWare (HVAD) are centrifugal continuous flow devices implanted intrapericardially and most commonly used worldwide. No randomized controlled trials have been performed yet. Analysis based on large registries may be considered as the best alternative but has the disadvantage of different standard of care between centres and missing data. Bias is introduced, because the decision which device to use was not random, even more so because many centres use only one type of left ventricular assist device. Therefore, we performed a propensity score (PS)‐based analysis of long‐term clinical outcome of patients that received HM3 or HVAD in a single centre.Methods and resultsBetween December 2010 and December 2019, 100 patients received HVAD and 81 patients HM3 as primary implantation at the University Medical Centre Utrecht. We performed PS matching with an extensive set of covariates, resulting in 112 matched patients with a median follow‐up of 28 months. After PS matching, survival was not significantly different (P = 0.21) but was better for HM3. The cumulative incidences for haemorrhagic stroke (P = 0.01) and pump thrombosis (P = 0.02) were significantly higher for HVAD patients. The cumulative incidences for major bleeding, ischaemic stroke, right heart failure, and driveline infection were not different between the groups. We found no interaction between the surgeon who performed the implantation and survival (P = 0.59, P = 0.78, and P = 0.89). Sensitivity analysis was performed, by PS matching without patients on preoperative temporary support resulting in 74 matched patients. This also resulted in a non‐significant difference in survival (P = 0.07). The PS‐adjusted Cox regression showed a worse but non‐significant (P = 0.10) survival for HVAD patients with hazard ratio 1.71 (95% confidence interval 0.91–3.24).ConclusionsSurvival was not significantly different between both groups after PS matching, but was better for HM3, with a significantly lower incidence of haemorrhagic stroke and pump thrombosis for HM3. These results need to be interpreted carefully, because matching may have introduced greater imbalance on unmeasured covariates. A multicentre approach of carefully selected centres is recommended to enlarge the number of matched patients.
Flexible nonstationary spatiotemporal modeling of high‐frequency monitoring data
Authors: Geoga Christopher J. , Anitescu Mihai , Stein Michael L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany physical datasets are generated by collections of instruments that make measurements at regular time intervals. For such regular monitoring data, we extend the framework of half‐spectral covariance functions to the case of nonstationarity in space and time and demonstrate that this method provides a natural and tractable way to incorporate complex behaviors into a covariance model. Further, we use this method with fully time‐domain computations to obtain bona fide maximum likelihood estimators—as opposed to using Whittle‐type likelihood approximations, for example—that can still be computed conveniently. We apply this method to very high‐frequency Doppler LIDAR vertical wind velocity measurements, demonstrating that the model can expressively capture the extreme nonstationarity of dynamics above and below the atmospheric boundary layer and, more importantly, the interaction of the process dynamics across it.
Fire safety of alcoholic beverages in retail stores
Authors: Hakkarainen Tuula , Korhonen Timo , Vaari Jukka 
Published: February 2021

SummaryA fire test series to study pool fires of ethanol‐water mixtures in the small, intermediate and large scale has been performed. Additionally, demonstration tests of piles of PET plastic 0.5‐L liquor bottles (39 vol%) in retail store arrays were carried out to illustrate their burning behaviour. On the basis of the test results, the burning of pool fires of different alcoholic beverages and the fire load due to alcohol can be evaluated for the purpose of performance‐based fire safety design. The fire tests of retail store arrays showed that these fires grow slowly, and their heat release rate maxima are relatively low taking into account the mass of the fire load. The estimated heat release rate maxima of four‐layer retail store arrays were ca. 1.5 MW and their growth times were over 600 seconds. Design fires generally used for the fire safety design of shopping centres are typically much more severe than the fire test results of retail store arrays of alcoholic beverages in this study.
Reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in Alzheimer's disease—Systematic review of studies using the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model
Authors: Smit Tamar , Deshayes Natasja A. C. , Borchelt David R. , Kamphuis Willem , Middeldorp Jinte , Hol Elly M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAstrocytes regulate synaptic communication and are essential for proper brain functioning. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) astrocytes become reactive, which is characterized by an increased expression of intermediate filament proteins and cellular hypertrophy. Reactive astrocytes are found in close association with amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposits. Synaptic communication and neuronal network function could be directly modulated by reactive astrocytes, potentially contributing to cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we focus on reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in AD in the APPswePS1dE9 AD mouse model, a widely used model to study amyloidosis and gliosis. We first give an overview of the model; that is, how it was generated, which cells express the transgenes, and the effect of its genetic background on Aβ pathology. Subsequently, to determine whether modifying reactive astrocytes in AD could influence pathogenesis and cognition, we review studies using this mouse model in which interventions were directly targeted at reactive astrocytes or had an indirect effect on reactive astrocytes. Overall, studies specifically targeting astrocytes to reduce astrogliosis showed beneficial effects on cognition, which indicates that targeting astrocytes should be included in developing novel therapies for AD.
Perceived corporate social responsibility and affective commitment: The mediating role of psychological capital and the impact of employee participation
Authors: Papacharalampous Nikolaos , Papadimitriou Dimitra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study examines the influence of employees' perception of their employers' corporate social responsibility (CSR) on their affective commitment. Drawing on social identity theory and positive organizational behavior in the context of human resource development, the study tests the mediating effect of employees' psychological capital (PsyCap) by using the bootstrap method to estimate the significance of indirect effects. Also, it accounts for any significant group differences across participants (Ps) and non‐participants in organizational CSR programs. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 260 employees of 23 firms in Greece. The measurement model was tested by applying confirmatory factor analysis and the research hypotheses were empirically tested by using structural equation modeling, independent samples t‐test, and chi‐square difference test. Findings revealed a strong and positive relation between employees' CSR perception and affective commitment, which is partially mediated by PsyCap. All scores of the study's variables were found to differ significantly in favor of Ps. However, the hypothesized interactions between variables were not proven to vary significantly on account of the employees' participation in CSR. The study advances the emerging micro‐level CSR literature by estimating the importance of employees' positive perception and participation in CSR.