bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rechtsfälle in der juristischen Ausbildung der Pandektenwissenschaft
Authors: Haferkamp Hans-Peter 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Case studies as part of pandectistic legal education in 19th century Germany. The traditional image of the pandectistics rested on the assumption that legal education in this area, which inspired students from all over the world, relied exclusively on the logicsystematic pandect textbooks. These days we know that case studies, too, played an important role in addition to the primarily systematic pandect lectures. The pandectists studied the interpretation of legal problems, which were mainly inspired by court practise. This paper is unprecedented in using actual lecture notes to evaluate those solutions developed during the lectures which were not included in the printed case collections. It becomes clear that the technique used for solving legal problems differs as much from the relation method, which was applied by the courts in that period, as it differs from the so-called claim method, which is common in German legal education today.
Evaluation of High-Temperature Performance Indexes of Anti-rutting Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Zhang Mingliang , Zhang Jiupeng , Guan Yongsheng , Zhang Hongfei , Huang Guojing , Wang Yichun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Because of frequent high-temperature weather and increased traffic volume, the rutting of asphalt pavement has become the main technical problem to be resolved. In this paper, seven types of anti-rutting asphalt mixtures, including masterbatch hard asphalt mixture with high-modulus, additive-type anti-rutting asphalt mixture, styrene-butadiene-styrene modified asphalt, and intersection anti-pushing asphalt mixtures A, B, C, and D were proposed. The Chinese and French rutting tests, the flow number test, the evaluation method of anti-pushing performance, and the structural depth attenuation test were used to evaluate the applicability of the following anti-rutting test methods: the evaluation methods and indicators of anti-displacement performance and the evaluation methods and indicators of structural depth attenuation under high-temperature conditions. The test results showed that the dynamic stability (DS) index of the Chinese rutting test was more suitable for evaluating the first stage of rutting development, and the DS index was more suitable for evaluating the second stage of rutting development than the creep rate of the French rutting test. It was reasonable to use the French evaluation method for asphalt concrete (AC) mixtures. The Chinese rutting test was more suitable for the high-modulus asphalt mixture. In addition, improving the high-temperature stability of the asphalt mixture can slow down the attenuation of the anti-slipping property.
Green Nail Syndrome, A Rare Infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in The Nail
Authors: Suwarsono Erike A. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveA nail infection is a common case caused by fungal infection, thus can make any bacterial correlated infection in the nail can be under-diagnosed. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause nail infection known as green nail syndrome (chromonychia). Method A 3 years old girl presented with greenish discoloration on the nail plate of the right toenail since previous a month. She came from well-educated family, but the water resource at their home was not good enough. The specimen of nail scraping was sent to the microbiology laboratory. The Gram from nail scraping didn’t show any significant result. After 24 hours, a greenish colony, non-lactose fermenter on the Mac Conkey and a dominant blue-green color colony on the blood sheep agar had grown. The colonies are beta hemolytic, flat and spreading. They were also positive to oxidase and catalase. Result The Gram result from the colony was showed as basil negative Gram. Identification from Vitex 2® concluded as Pseudomonas aeruginosa that resistant to all penicillin derivate and 2nd generation of cephalosporin. However the isolate was still sensitive to ceftazidime, carbapenems, quinolones and amino-glycosides. The treatment was decided using topical fluoroquinolone nadifloxacin, and gave a significant result in a month Conclusion Green nail syndrome that is caused by P. aeruginosa infection could be treated by topical fluoroquinolone for 1-2 months
Assisted Reproductive Techniques, ADHD, and School Performance
Authors: Wang Chen , Johansson Anna L.V. , Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A. , Almqvist Catarina , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Oberg A. Sara 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES
To examine the long-term impact of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) on offspring neurodevelopment, accounting for parental factors and the role of infertility.

METHODS
Linkage of national registers allowed follow-up of &gt;2.4 million children born in Sweden 1986–2012. Information on ART was retrieved from fertility clinics, medical records, and maternal self-report. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was identified from specialist diagnosis and/or use of medication through 2018. School performance was assessed from records of ninth year final grade averages (0–20) and eligibility for upper secondary school through 2017.

RESULTS
Children conceived with ART had lower risk of ADHD (hazard ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80 to 0.87) and did better in school (grade mean difference 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.21 and eligibility odds ratio 1.53; 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.63) compared with all other children. Differences in parental characteristics explained and even reversed associations, whereas no disadvantage was seen when the comparison was restricted to children of couples with known infertility (adjusted hazard ratio 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.00, adjusted mean difference 0.05; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.11, and adjusted odds ratio 1.03; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.10). Among children conceived with ART, there was furthermore no indication that intracytoplasmic sperm injection (compared with standard in vitro fertilization) or frozen (compared with fresh) embryo transfer had any adverse influence.

CONCLUSIONS
With this nationwide, long-term follow-up, we provide additional reassurance concerning offspring neurodevelopment after use of ART, finding no indication for concern about risk of ADHD or school performance in adolescence.
Factores psicosociales del personal de una organización educativa y su relación con desgaste psíquico
Authors: Anaya-Velasco Ana , Luna Chávez Estibalis Anaís , Saldaña Orozco Claudia , Carrión-García M. Ángeles 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo. Evaluar los factores psicosociales percibidos por los trabajadores en una organización pública de educación superior y su relación con el desgaste psíquico. Método. La investigación fue transversal, participaron 292 trabajadores y se utilizó una batería que evalúa las dimensiones: Contexto de Trabajo, Contenido de Trabajo y Factores Individuales, como variables independientes y Desgaste Psíquico como variable dependiente. Resultados. La percepción de los participantes resultó favorable en más del 80%. Las dimensiones psicosociales indicaron una correlación media, positiva y estadísticamente significativa con el Desgaste Psíquico, consistente con los análisis Odds Ratio. Factores Individuales fue la dimensión de mayor influencia acorde con el modelo de regresión lineal múltiple, seguida de Contenido de Trabajo.
A subvenção de escolas públicas em São Leopoldo/RS nas primeiras décadas do século XX
Authors: Souza José Edimar  de 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo do trabalho é identificar instituições escolares de ensino primário público[i] que foram subvencionadas nas localidades do município de São Leopoldo/RS, especialmente, em Novo Hamburgo. Os documentos analisados procedem de fundos da instrução pública localizados em diferentes arquivos: Arquivo Público do Rio Grande do Sul, Arquivo do Museu Histórico Visconde de São Leopoldo, entre outros. Sob a perspectiva da História Cultural a investigação valeu-se da análise documental histórica, buscou construir aspectos do processo de escolarização neste município e nas localidades que compreendiam sua vasta extensão territorial entre a segunda metade do século XIX e o primeiro quartel do século XX. A escolarização pública neste espaço recebeu estímulo da experiência escolar que foram trazidas pelos imigrantes europeus e a forma de organização comunitária destes grupos sociais contribui para abertura de aulas, mesmo que de forma subvencionada em diferentes localidades.

[i] Este trabalho consiste em um primeiro movimento de organização documental já compulsada em outros estudos e desdobrada no Projeto de investigação financiado pela FAPERGS título “XXXXXXXXXXXX e processo número XXXXXXXX”.
Non-woven shape-memory polymer blend actuators
Authors: Izraylit Victor , Heuchel Matthias , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The hierarchical design approach provides various opportunities to adjust the structural performance of polymer materials. Electrospinning processing techniques give access to molecular orientation as a design parameter, which we consider here in view of the shape-memory actuation performance. The aim of this work is to investigate how the reversible strain $$\varepsilon^{\prime}_{{{\text{rev}}}}$$

ε
rev
′

can be affected by a morphology change from a bulk material to an electrospun mesh. $$\varepsilon^{\prime}_{{{\text{rev}}}}$$

ε
rev
′

could be increased from 5.5 ± 0.5% to 15 ± 1.8% for a blend from a multiblock copolymer with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) segments with oligo(D-lactide) (ODLA). This study demonstrates an effective design approach for enhancing soft actuator performance, which can be broadly applied in soft robotics and medicine.

Graphic abstract
توظيف القرآن الكريم في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
Authors: KANNAS Mohamad Burhan 
Published: June 2021

يحاول الباحث دراسة إحدى أهم التحديات التي تواجه تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها، ويرتبط هذا التحدي بالسلاسل التّعليميّة التي تُقدَّم لمتعلم اللغة العربية من غير أبنائها، ومن ناحية أخرى وبشكل غير مباشر، يثبت الباحث خطأ تقسيم اللغة العربية إلى لغتين قديمة ميتة، ومعاصرة لا تمت للعربية القديمة بصلة، إذ إن هذا التقسيم لايصلح للغة العربية البتّة، فالاختيارات التي قام الباحث باختيارها من القرآن الكريم، ليست بالقليلة بل هي في غاية الأهمية، لغويًا ونحويًا وصرفيًا، وهي تثبت ثبات اللغة العربية واستمراريتها، وهذا البحث يأتي محاولة للتمهيد لتوظيف أكبر للنصوص الدينية القرآنية أو النبوية، في سلاسل المراحل الأولى من تعليم اللغة لغير أبنائها، الذين في معظمهم يدرسون اللغة العربية لفهم القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية، فيصل المتعلمون بطريق أقصر إلى هدفهم، ويحققون الهدف الرئيسي من تعلم اللغة وهو التواصل.
تبدأ المشكلة من سلاسل اللغة العربية، فهي قليلًا ما تلجأ إلى القرآن الكريم وتستفيد من ألفاظه وتراكيبه، رغم غناها وقدرتها على تغطية قدر كبير من المعاني الحسية وغير الحسية، لكن معظم السلاسل تستعيض بألفاظ غير واردة في القرآن الكريم، أو لا تركّز على التراكيب النحوية المهمة فيه.
Solving two-point seismic-ray tracing problems in a heterogeneous medium
Authors: Pereyra V. , Lee W. H. K. , Keller H. B. 
Published: June 2021

abstractA study of two-point seismic-ray tracing problems in a heterogeneous isotropic medium and how to solve them numerically will be presented in a series of papers. In this Part 1, it is shown how a variety of two-point seismic-ray tracing problems can be formulated mathematically as systems of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations subject to nonlinear boundary conditions. A general numerical method to solve such systems in general is presented and a computer program based upon it is described. High accuracy and efficiency are achieved by using variable order finite difference methods on nonuniform meshes which are selected automatically by the program as the computation proceeds. The variable mesh technique adapts itself to the particular problem at hand, producing more detailed computations where they are needed, as in tracing highly curved seismic rays.A complete package of programs has been produced which use this method to solve two- and three-dimensional ray-tracing problems for continuous or piecewise continuous media, with the velocity of propagation given either analytically or only at a finite number of points. These programs are all based on the same core program, PASVA3, and therefore provide a compact and flexible tool for attacking ray-tracing problems in seismology.In Part 2 of this work, the numerical method is applied to two- and three-dimensional velocity models, including models with jump discontinuities across interfaces.
Induced versus natural earthquakes: Search for a seismic discriminant
Authors: Peppin William A. , Bufe Charles G. 
Published: June 2021

abstractA sizeable body (150 records) of three-component, wideband (0.2 to 50 Hz) digital seismic data has allowed a direct comparison between earthquakes at The Geysers geothermal area, California and along nearby active faults of the San Andreas system. An attempt has been made to find analog or spectral parameters which would permit discrimination between 12 events within the steam production field and 30 outside it. Results of the study for both classes of events are: (1) seismic moments vary with local magnitude ML as log M0 = (1.06 ± 0.11) ML + 16.9 ± 0.1; (2) the ratio of vertical P-wave to horizontal S-wave spectral corner frequencies is near unity; (3) seismic stress drops are low (1.0 to 10 bars); and (4) focal mechanisms are quite comparable during the time period of this study.
Tidal tilt from localized ocean loading in the New Hebrides Arc
Authors: Marthelot Jean-Michel , Coudert Elisabeth , Isacks Bryan L. 
Published: June 2021

abstractTidal signals recorded by two tiltmeters located near the coast on Vate Island (New Hebrides) are interpreted in terms of the loading effect of the local tide. Homogeneous and stratified elastic models are used in the computation of the theoretical tilts due to the tidal loading. The direction and the magnitude of the tidal tilt recorded at a distance of 120 m from the coast indicate the presence of a surficial layer with a very low value of rigidity overlying materials with much higher rigidity.
S-wave velocity measurements in deep soil deposit and bedrock by means of an elaborated down-hole method
Authors: Ohta Y. , Goto N. , Yamamizu F. , Takahashi H. 
Published: June 2021

abstractDeep S-wave velocity measurements were planned at two separate sites in the Tokyo area from the earthquake engineering point of view, and actually carried out down to 2 to 3 km in depth using geophysical observation wells.S-waves were produced by means of ordinary small explosions and a specially designed SH-wave generator. A set of three component seismometers was installed in a capsule having a device that is clamped to the borehole wall. Measurements to the bottom of the wells were conducted at about 15 different depths at intervals of 100 to 500 m.The S-wave velocities are around 0.8 km/sec in Pleistocene soils, 1.2 to 1.6 km/sec in Miocene soils, and 2.5 to 2.7 km/sec in Cambrian rocks. The corresponding P-wave velocities are 2.0 to 2.3 km/sec, 2.6 to 3.0 km/sec, and 4.7 to 4.9 km/sec, respectively. These data show both S- and P-wave velocities in deep soil deposit increasing with depth. The greatest velocity difference is at the boundary above the pre-Tertiary rocks.The velocity structures completely agree with the known data such as sonic logs, density distributions, and geological sections. A comparison with velocity profiles at two separate sites was also made as the first step to visualize the three-dimensional underground structure in the Tokyo metropolitan area.The seismological and earthquake engineering importance of shear-wave velocity measurements for thick soil deposits was demonstrated by approximate calculations of the amplification of seismic waves between ground surface and bedrock.
Temporal variation of seismicity and spectrum of small earthquakes preceding the 1952 Kern County, California, earthquake
Authors: Ishida Mizuho , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe spatio-temporal variation of seismicity in the epicentral area of the 1952 Kern County California, earthquake (Ms = 7.7, 34°58.6′N; 119°02′W) was examined for the period prior to the main shock. Most of the events that occurred in the epicentral area were relocated by using the main shock as a master event. A large part of the fault plane of the Kern County earthquake had been seismically quiet for nearly 15 yr before the main shock. However, the activity in the immediate vicinity of the epicenter had been very high during the same period. The temporal variation of the activity in the vicinity of the epicentral area exhibits a pattern very similar to that found for the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. During the 112 yr period immediately before the main shock, tight clustering of activity around the main-shock epicenter occurred. This clustering may be considered to be foreshock activity. This period of increased activity was preceded by a quiet period for 2 yr from 1949 to 1950; no event was located on the fault plane of the Kern County earthquake during this period. This pattern, quiescence followed by clustering, seems to have repeated several times prior to 1949. Thus, this pattern alone cannot be used as a definite indicator of a large earthquake, but in terms of a fault model with asperities, it can be a manifestation of progressive stress concentration toward the eventual hypocenter. Spectral analyses of the Pasadena Wood-Anderson seismograms of the events that occurred near the epicentral area showed that the frequency of the spectral peak is systematically higher for the foreshocks than the events prior to 1949. A similar trend was found for the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. These results are consistent with the model of stress concentration around the eventual hypocenter.
A technique for the recovery of the seismic moment tensor applied to the Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake of November 1978
Authors: Ward Steven N. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe potential for using seismograms in a linear inversion process to recover the seismic moment tensor has been theorized for sometime. Unfortunately, practical application of the theory is difficult. Lateral variations of the Earth and imprecise knowledge of the source often severely contaminate real seismic data relative to synthetic models which must be supplied. This paper outlines an experiment which minimizes the contamination sufficiently to permit a successful inversion yet retains much of the data's sensitivity to source parameters. Routineness of technique was maintained in data selection and preparation by an unambiguous on-line windowing of P phases from the SRO network. Duplicate preparation of the theoretical P phases assured their synchronization with the observations. A time domain weighted least-squares inversion was implemented including double couple and nondouble couple constraints. Estimates of the total variance in addition to variances of the moment tensor eigenvalues and eigenvectors were returned, forming the basis for statistical tests. Seismic moments of 1.4 ± 0.4, 2.8 ± 0.3, and 2.7 ± 0.2 ×1027 dyne-cm were found for the Oaxaca, Mexico earthquake of November 1978, using 10 P phases in the distance ranges 20 to 120°, 25 to 120°, and 40 to 120°, respectively. Corresponding azimuth and dips of the probable slip vector are 21.5°, 11.8°; 30.3°, 9.3°; and 32.1°, 9.0°. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that unconstrained source models fit the data significantly better than a double couple. We believe an automated procedure such as this is a viable means for the routine recovery and cataloging of earthquake sources.
Direct observation of a p-τ curve in a slant stacked wave field
Authors: McMechan George A. , Ottolini Richard 
Published: June 2021

abstract
The well known Wiechert-Herglotz technique for computing a velocity-depth profile from refraction seismograms uses data in the form of ray parameter as a function of intercept time (a p-τ curve). The technique of slant stacking used by reflection seismologists automatically produces a p-τ curve from a common shot profile, thereby bypassing arbitrary travel-time picking and several intermediate calculations of previous methods. Successful preliminary results are presented for both synthetic and real data. This method deteriorates for widely separated geophones and where a number of apparent sources with low inter-source coherency coexist in a single profile, but is capable of completely sorting out triplications in data with less extreme contrasts without human intervention.
Surface waves in structures with locally irregular boundaries
Authors: Suteau Anne , Martel Louis 
Published: June 2021

abstract
The transmitted field due to surface waves incident on a local irregularity of a plane-layered medium has been studied. A perturbation method to the first order and the Born approximation can be used if the variations in the thickness of the layers are sufficiently smooth and the wavelengths are long when compared to the size of the irregularities. The spectrum of the perturbed part of the displacement field at the surface is a sum over the surface-wave modes for the regular medium, with an additional term involving the scattered body waves. Numerical computations have been performed for structures composed of a layer overlying a half-space. The contribution of the various modes to the transmitted Love or Rayleigh fields has been studied for several structures. A general method has been obtained to analyze the effect of a complex structure as the superposition of the fields due to simpler ones. When the layer thickness is kept unchanged, the incident mode is not perturbed to the first order. Synthetic seismograms, computed at stations sufficiently close to the irregular region, show how the perturbation of the signal depends on distance. A comparison has been made for Love waves with a finite element method. Both methods give very similar results when the stations are not too close to the irregularities so that the body-wave contribution is negligible. The local phase velocity shows departures from the curves for a regular model.
The ratio of the travel times forSandPat distances less than 10°
Authors: Hales A. L. , Muirhead K. J. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe ratios of the S and P travel times, Ts/ Tp, observed at central Australian stations from Banda Sea earthquakes with depths between 100 and 200 km are less than the corresponding ratios for surface explosions in the same distance range. This result is surprising and inconsistent with the increase in the Vp/ Vs ratio with depth inferred from laboratory measurements on upper mantle minerals. Studies from several continental regions, including Japan, and oceanic regions, show similar low values.Possible reasons for the inconsistency are discussed. Studies of three well-observed earthquakes in the Hokkaido region lead to the conclusion that the depths of earthquakes in the 60 to 200 km depth range are systematically underestimated by ISC and that there is an associated error in the times of origin of about 3 sec. Using corrected origin times, the average value of the Ts/ Tp ratio over the distance range 0° to 8° is about 1.785.