bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus awamori ameliorates the physicochemical characteristics and mineral profile of mung bean under salt stress
Authors: Ali Raid , Gul Humaira , Hamayun Muhammad , Rauf Mamoona , Iqbal Amjad , Shah Mohib , Hussain Anwar , Bibi Hamida , Lee In-Jung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the list of abiotic stresses, salt stress is a main growth retarding factor which affects 7% of rain-fed while 30% worldwide irrigated agriculture. However, various strategies are assumed to manage this problem, but the use of endophytes is cheap and eco-friendly. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of endophyticAspergillus awamori(EWF) in creating salt tolerance in mung bean in terms of its seedling growth, biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes, endogenous IAA, and ionic status of the plant.ResultsThe results revealed that the 150 mM of NaCl reduced seedling growth (seedlings’ weight and length; leaves number), chlorophyll contents, and IAA. On the other hand, proline, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannin, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased. Inoculation of EWF had promoted the mung bean growth under all tested conditions. EWF enhanced the biomass and IAA contents of the mung bean plants under salt stress. Moreover, EWF-associated mung bean seedlings exhibited low accumulation of stress markers, and Cl, Na, Na/K, and Ca/K ratio, whereas higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, N, and P in mung bean seedlings.ConclusionThe results provided a sustainable approach in using endophytic EWF under salt stress, thus concluded that this fungus can be very handy in mung bean as well as other important crop production in saline areas.
Comparative study of bone regeneration using fibrin sealant with xenograft in rabbit sinus: pilot study
Authors: Choi Won-Hyuk , Kim Yong-Deok , Song Jae-Min , Shin Sang-Hun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundStability of the grafted bone volume is one of the important factors to the success of alveolar bone grafts. For this, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or fibrin sealant is mixed with the bone graft material. Bio-Oss® is a protein-free bovine mineral commonly used in bone graft procedures. The grafting particles are commonly combined with a standard fibrin sealant (Tisseel®) to fabricate a plastic implantable product. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of fibrin sealant (Tisseel®) in bone regeneration performance in a rabbit maxillary sinus model.MethodsA total of five 3.5 kg weight New Zealand white rabbits were used for the study. After elevating the sinus membrane in both maxillary sinus cavities, Bio-Oss® mixed with normal saline (group 1) was filled into the right side, and Tisseel® mixed Bio-Oss® (group 2) was inserted into the other side. The bone mineral density and bone volume were analyzed with microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric 12 weeks after application.ResultsHistologically, new bone formation rate was 14.8%, and grafted bone rate was 70.5% in group 1. In group 2, they were 18.5% and 60.4%, respectively. According to micro-CT analysis, bone mineral density (mg/cm3, BMD) was 2.5% larger in group 1.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that, although the difference in the bone formation between group 1 and group 2 appears to be insignificant, group 2 had an advantage in using smaller amount of bone substances to achieve the reliable bone formation.
Simultaneous assessment of colon motility in children with functional constipation by cine-MRI and colonic manometry: a feasibility study
Authors: Vriesman M. H. , de Jonge C. S. , Kuizenga-Wessel S. , Adler B. , Menys A. , Nederveen A. J. , Stoker J. , Benninga M. A. , Di Lorenzo C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Colonic manometry is the current reference standard for assessing colonic neuromuscular function in children with intractable functional constipation (FC). Recently, cine magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative. We compared colonic motility patterns on cine-MRI with those obtained by manometry in children, by stimulating high-amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) with bisacodyl under manometric control while simultaneously acquiring cine-MRI.

Methods
After Institutional Review Board approval, adolescents with FC scheduled to undergo colonic manometry were included. A water-perfused 8-lumen catheter was used for colonic manometry recordings. After an intraluminal bisacodyl infusion, cine-MRI sequences of the descending colon were acquired for about 30 min simultaneously with colonic manometry. Manometry recordings were analysed for HAPCs. MRI images were processed with spatiotemporal motility MRI techniques. The anonymised motility results of both techniques were visually compared for the identification of HAPCs in the descending colon.

Results
Data regarding six patients (three males) were analysed (median age 14 years, range 12–17). After bisacodyl infusion, three patients showed a total of eleven HAPCs with colonic manometry. Corresponding cine-MRI recorded high colonic activity during two of these HAPCs, minimal activity during seven HAPCs, while two HAPCs were not recorded. In two of three patients with absent HAPCs on manometry, colonic activity was recorded with cine-MRI.

Conclusions
Simultaneous acquisition of colonic cine-MRI and manometry in children with FC is feasible. Their motility results did not completely overlap in the identification of HAPCs. Research is needed to unravel the role of cine-MRI in this setting.
Determination of residual solvents in paclitaxel by headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Noorbasha Khaleel , Shaik Abdul Rahaman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A simple and sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, N-hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and N,N-diisopropyl ethyl amine in Paclitaxel. A chromatographic separation was done on DB-624 column, 30 m length × 0.53 mm ID, and film thickness 3 μm, using a flame ionization detector (FID) with gradient column oven temperature program. The injection was carried out in split mode, with a split ratio of 5:1. A mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (contains 1% piperazine) and water in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v) was selected as a diluent to obtain good sensitivity along with the recovery.

Results
The developed gas chromatographic method offers symmetric peak shape, good resolution of more than 2.0 between the solvent peaks, and the relative standard deviation for replicate injections of all the solvents were found to be not more than 15.0% with reasonable retention time for all the solvents. The limit of detection for methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, N-hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and N,N-diisopropyl ethyl amine was found to be 304.69 ppm, 497.98 ppm, 498.99 ppm, 504.49 ppm, 61.81 ppm, 30.07 ppm, 505 ppm, 73.05 ppm, and 2.09 ppm, respectively. Limit of quantitation of methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, N-hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, and N,N-diisopropyl ethyl amine was found to be 89.62 ppm, 146.47 ppm, 146.76 ppm, 148.38 ppm, 18.18 ppm, 8.84 ppm, 148.53 ppm, 21.49 ppm, and 0.62 ppm, respectively. Precision was found to be satisfactory. Linear in the range of LOQ to 150% level for all the solvents, and accuracy along with robustness, is performed, and acceptable results were obtained.

Conclusion
The proposed method was demonstrated to be simple, sensitive, specific, linear, precise, accurate, and robust, hence can be used to determine the residual organic solvents in Paclitaxel drug substance and drug product.
Improvement in A1c Levels in Early Adulthood in the T1D Exchange: Impact of Racial, Socioeconomic, and Clinical Factors
Authors: Toschi Elena , Bailey Ryan J , Miller Kellee M , Calhoun Peter M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes is poor; yet, it typically improves during early adulthood. Factors related to improvement of glycemic control are unclear.

Objective
This work examines how demographic and clinical variables may affect trajectories of glycemic control over time.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study comprised 1775 participants ages 18 to 30 years at enrollment in the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Latent class trajectory modeling was used to determine subgroups following a similar glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectory over time.

Results
Five distinct trajectories of HbA1c classes were identified: “low-decline” and “moderate-decline” groups had low or moderate HbA1c with a gradual decline, the “high-stable” group had high HbA1c and remained stable, and the “very high-rapid decline” and “very high-slow decline” groups had very high HbA1c with rapid or gradual decline. Compared with the “high-stable” group, the “low-decline” and “moderate-decline” groups were more likely to be male (P = .009), White non-Hispanic (P = .02), nonsmokers (P &lt; .001), check self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) more frequently (P &lt; .001), and have higher education (P &lt; .001), lower body mass index (P = .02), and lower daily insulin dose (P &lt; .001). Compared with the “very high-rapid decline” and “very high-slow decline” groups, the “low-decline” and “moderate-decline” groups were more likely to be male (P = .02), have higher education (P &lt; .001), use insulin pumps (P = .01), be nonsmokers (P &lt; .001), and have a higher number of SMBG checks per day at enrollment (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
We determined 5 distinct patterns of glycemic control from early adulthood into adulthood. Further evaluation into the modifiable factors associated with a declining HbA1c trajectory would aid in the development of targeted interventions.
Use of Ulipristal Acetate and Risk of Liver Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yoon Eileen L , Yuk Jin-Sung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Large-scale clinical trials on the hepatotoxicity of ulipristal acetate (UPA) are lacking.

Objective
This work aimed to determine the incidence of liver disease with UPA vs gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in South Korea of women with uterine fibroids from the Korean Health Insurance Data 2010 to 2018. Women with uterine fibroids were divided into 2 treatment groups: the UPA (5 mg/day) and GnRH agonist groups. Main outcome measures included the presence or absence of severe liver disease, mild liver disease, and liver transplantation.

Results
Among the patients with uterine fibroids,17 207 patients were treated with GnRH agonists and 20 926 patients with UPA. After 1:1 propensity score matching for each group, there were 11 445 individuals. Neither group had a liver transplantation case. In the conditional logistic regression analysis, the incidence of total liver diseases (relative risk [RR] 1.111; 95% CI, 1.015-1.216) and mild liver diseases (RR 1.094; 95% CI, 1-1.196) was higher in the UPA group than in the GnRH agonist group, but that of severe liver diseases (RR 0.07; 95% CI, 0.001-4.412) and toxic liver disease (RR 1.256; 95% CI, 0.845-1.867) did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion
The incidence of severe liver disease, hepatic failure, and toxic liver disease was not different between the UPA and GnRH agonist groups. However, the incidence of mild liver disease was higher in the UPA group than in the GnRH agonist group. The incidence of hepatic damage with UPA was very low.
Motherhood Penalties and Fatherhood Premiums: Effects of Parenthood on Earnings Growth Within and Across Firms
Authors: Yu Wei-hsin , Hara Yuko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Despite much interest in how parenthood contributes to the gender pay gap, prior research has rarely explored firms' roles in shaping the parenthood pay penalty or premium. The handful of studies that investigated parenthood's effects within and across firms generally compared parents and their childless peers at a given time and failed to account for unobserved heterogeneity between the two groups. Such comparisons also cannot inform how having children may alter individuals' earnings trajectories within and across firms. Using 26 rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and fixed-effects models, we examine how being a mother or father is linked to earnings growth within and across firms. We find that women's pay decreases as they become mothers and that the across-employer motherhood penalty is larger than the within-employer penalty. By contrast, fatherhood is associated with a pay premium, and the within-employer fatherhood premium is considerably greater than the across-employer one. We argue that these results are consistent with the discrimination explanation of the motherhood penalty and fatherhood premium. Because employers are likely to trust women who become mothers while working for them more than new recruits who are mothers, their negative bias against mothers would be more salient when evaluating the latter, which could result in a larger between-organizational motherhood penalty. Conversely, employers' likely greater trust in existing workers who become fathers than fathers they hire from elsewhere may amplify their positive bias favoring fathers in assessing the former, which could explain the greater within-firm fatherhood premium.
Additional records of black bear (Ursus americanus) in central-eastern México
Authors: Charre-Medellín Juan F. , Botello Francisco , Guzmán-Díaz Esmar O. , Mendiola-González Ma. Eugenia , Torres-García Ulises , Ángeles-Escudero Jorge I. , Rosas-Rosas Octavio 
Published: February 2021

El oso negro (Ursus americanus) redujo significativamente su área de distribución en México en el siglo XX. En los últimos años, sin embargo, hay evidencia de su presencia en áreas fuera del rango de distribución propuesto. El objetivo es documentar un conjunto de registros nuevos de oso negro para los estados de Guanajuato, Querétaro y San Luis Potosí en el centro-este de México. Se detectaron osos negros como resultado de acciones de monitoreo que incluyeron cámaras trampa, avistamientos y observación indirecta (huellas y eventos de depredación), realizados entre los años 2000 y 2019. Detectamos la presencia de oso negro a través de seis registros en los estados de Guanajuato, Querétaro y San Luis Potosí, en un área cercana a la distribución más sureña para esta especie en el Continente Americano. Cinco de las observaciones ocurrieron dentro de áreas naturales protegidas. Las observaciones aumentan el número de especies de mamíferos registrados en el estado de Guanajuato a 95 y confirman la presencia del oso negro en los estados de Querétaro y San Luis Potosí. Las observaciones proveen evidencia que respalda la hipótesis de que las poblaciones de oso negro del noreste de México se mueven hacia el centro-este de México a través de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO). La presencia de oso negro en el centro-este de México señala la necesidad de intensificar el monitoreo sistemático de la biodiversidad en la SMO y en áreas protegidas de la región a través de programas de monitoreo y conservación.
Development of a Land Suitability Framework for Sustainable Manure Utilization
Authors: Saha Gourab K. , Cibin Raj , Elliott Herschel A. , Preisendanz Heather E. 
Published: February 2021

HighlightsWe developed a land suitability framework for sustainable manure utilization based on seven water quality-related environmental vulnerability factors.ArcGIS-based decision-support tools were developed that use readily available data for the U.S.The tools can be adapted to any location in the U.S. for any livestock agricultural system.In a case study, 19.9% of the study area was identified as potentially suitable for manure utilization.2%, 33%, and 44% of the potential areas were highly, moderately, and marginally suitable, respectively.Abstract. Intensive livestock agriculture is a significant source of nutrient pollution that contributes to water quality degradation worldwide. This study presents a land suitability framework and accompanying decision-support tools for sustainable manure management. The developed framework identifies potentially suitable areas for manure application in a user-defined area and further classifies the land as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable using seven environmental vulnerability factors considering landscape biophysical characteristics and proximity to streams. The decision-support tools, built in ArcGIS, were applied in a case study in western Pennsylvania. The ArcGIS toolbox, available from ScholarSphere (https://doi.org/10.26207/99tk-sn24), classified 2% of the case study area as highly suitable for manure application and 21% as unsuitable. Landscape slope and proximity to streams were the dominant vulnerability factors in the case study area. The framework and accompanying tools are transferable across watershed boundaries and can help identify areas where environmentally sustainable animal agriculture can be developed. Keywords: Decision-support tool, Land suitability analysis, Sustainable manure management, Vulnerability analysis.
Development and Evaluation of a Variable-Rate Irrigation Management Method in the Mississippi Delta
Authors: Sui Ruixiu , Baggard Jonnie 
Published: February 2021

HighlightsWe developed and evaluated a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management method for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta.VRI management significantly reduced irrigation water use in comparison with uniform-rate irrigation (URI). There was no significant difference in grain yield and irrigation water productivity between VRI and URI management.Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was used to delineate irrigation management zones and generate VRI prescriptions.Sensor-measured soil water content was used in irrigation scheduling.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) allows producers to site-specifically apply irrigation water at variable rates within a field to account for the temporal and spatial variability in soil and plant characteristics. Developing practical VRI methods and documenting the benefits of VRI application are critical to accelerate the adoption of VRI technologies. Using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil moisture sensors, a VRI method was developed and evaluated with corn and soybean for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta. Soil ECa of the study fields was mapped and used to delineate VRI management zones and create VRI prescriptions. Irrigation was scheduled using soil volumetric water content measured by soil moisture sensors. A center pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water according to the VRI prescription. Grain yield, irrigation water use, and irrigation water productivity in the VRI treatment were determined and compared with that in a uniform-rate irrigation (URI) treatment. Results showed that the grain yield and irrigation water productivity between the VRI and URI treatments were not statistically different with both corn and soybean crops. The VRI management significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water by 22% in corn and by 11% in soybean (p = 0.05). Adoption of VRI management could improve irrigation water use efficiency in the Mississippi Delta. Keywords: Soil electrical conductivity, Soil moisture sensor, Variable rate irrigation, Water management.
Spatio-temporal focal spot characterization and modeling of the NIF ARC kilojoule picosecond laser
Authors: Williams Wade H. , Crane John K. , Alessi David A. , Boley Charles D. , Bowers Mark W. , Conder Alan D. , Di Nicola Jean-Michel G. , Di Nicola Pascale , Haefner Constantin , Halpin John M. , Hamamoto Mathew Y. , Heebner John E. , Hermann Mark R. , Herriot Sandrine I. , Homoelle Doug C. , Kalantar Daniel H. , Lanier Thomas E. , LaFortune Kai N. , Lawson Janice K. , Lowe-Webb Roger R. , Morrissey Francis X. , Nguyen Hoang , Orth Charles D. , Pelz Lawrence J. , Prantil Matthew A. , Rushford Michael C. , Sacks Richard A. , Salmon J. Thaddeus , Seppala Lynn G. , Shaw Michael J. , Sigurdsson Ronald J. , Wegner Paul J. , Widmayer C. C. , Yang Steven T. , Zobrist Thomas L. 
Published: February 2021

The advanced radiographic capability (ARC) laser system, part of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a short-pulse laser capability integrated into the NIF. The ARC is designed to provide adjustable pulse lengths of

∼

1

−

38

p
s

in four independent beamlets, each with energies up to 1 kJ (depending on pulse duration). A detailed model of the ARC lasers has been developed that predicts the time- and space-resolved focal spots on target for each shot. Measurements made to characterize static and dynamic wavefront characteristics of the ARC are important inputs to the code. Modeling has been validated with measurements of the time-integrated focal spot at the target chamber center (TCC) at low power, and the space-integrated pulse duration at high power, using currently available diagnostics. These simulations indicate that each of the four ARC beamlets achieves a peak intensity on target of up to a few

10

18

W

/

c
m

2

.
Parity-time symmetric frequency-tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on a Si3N4 microdisk resonator
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Zheng Pengfei , Yang Huimin , Lin Dongdong , Hu Guohua , Yun Binfeng , Cui Yiping 
Published: February 2021

The optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) generates low-phase noise and high-frequency microwave signals thanks to a high Q-factor cavity with long and low-loss fiber delay. Traditionally, for the desired mode selection from the ultradense cavity modes, a narrowband electrical filter is needed, whose frequency tuning is very limited. On the other hand, for a tunable OEO offered by a microwave photonic filter (MPF), a paradox existed between the large number of cavity modes and the wide MPF bandwidth. Here, we achieve a tunable OEO using the mode-selection mechanism of parity-time symmetry, which overcomes the paradox. A high Q-factor silicon nitride microdisk resonator (

S
i

3

N

4

MDR) is introduced to achieve frequency filtering and tuning. Moreover, the experimental results reveal that the tunable OEO generates a signal range from 3 GHz to 20 GHz with a phase noise about

−

120

d
B
c

/

H
z

at a 10 kHz offset frequency.
10  kHz 2D thermometry in turbulent reacting flows using two-color OH planar laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Hsu Paul S. , Jiang Naibo , Lauriola Daniel , Grib Stephen W. , Schumaker Stephen A. , Caswell Andrew W. , Roy Sukesh 
Published: February 2021

10 kHz two-color OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) thermometry was demonstrated in both laminar Hencken flames and turbulent premixed jet flames using two injection-seeded optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) pumped by a high-speed three-legged burst-mode laser. The two burst-mode OPOs generate

∼

5

m
J

/

p
u
l
s
e

at 282 nm and 286 nm to excite the

Q

1

(

5

)

and

Q

1

(

14

)

transitions of the

A

2

Σ
+

←

X

2

Π

(1,0) system of OH, respectively. PLIF images were collected simultaneously from each of the two transitions and ratios of intensities from the two images were used to determine local temperatures. Analyses of flame curvature, temperature, and the correlation in time of these two quantities are also discussed. The results from this work are promising for the use of this technique in more complex flow environments and at, potentially, even higher repetition rate.