bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Particles Interfere with Pro‐Inflammatory Polarization of Human Macrophages: Functional and Electrophysiological Evidence
Authors: Povo‐Retana Adrián , Mojena Marina , Boscá Alberto , Pedrós Jorge , Peraza Diego Alberto , Valenzuela Carmen , Laparra José Moisés , Calle Fernando , Boscá Lisardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe interaction of two types of fragmented graphene particles (30–160 nm) with human macrophages is studied. Since macrophages have significant phagocytic activity, the incorporation of graphene particles into cells has an effect on the response to functional polarization stimuli, favoring an anti‐inflammatory profile. Incubation of macrophages with graphene foam particles, prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and commercially available graphene nanoplatelet particles does not affect cell viability when added at concentrations up to 100 µg mL−1; macrophages exhibit differential quantitative responses to each type of graphene particles. Although both materials elicit similar increases in the release of reactive oxygen species, the impact on the transcriptional regulation associated with the polarization profile is different; graphene nanoplatelets significantly modify this transcriptomic profile. Moreover, these graphene particles differentially affect the motility and phagocytosis of macrophages. After the incorporation of both graphene types into the macrophages, they exhibit specific responses in terms of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption and electrophysiological potassium currents at the cell plasma membrane. These data support the view that the physical structure of the graphene particles has an impact on human macrophage responses, paving the way for the development of new mechanisms to modulate the activity of the immune system.
First Bignoniaceae liana from the Miocene of South America and its evolutionary significance
Authors: Franco M. Jimena , Brea Mariana , Cerdeño Esperanza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPremiseTwo Bignoniaceae stems with the distinctive anatomy of a liana are described from the Miocene of South America. They are the first fossil evidence of climbing habit in Bignoniaceae.MethodsThe fossil lianas are siliceous permineralizations. Transverse, tangential, and radial thin sections of the woods were prepared for study using standard petrographic techniques and observed under both light and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe stems consist of wood and presumably bark (peripheral tissues). They exhibit phloem wedges, a cambial variant associated with the climbing habit in Bignoniaceae. The wood is diffuse‐porous; solitary and in radial multiples vessels; alternated intervessel pitting; ray‐vessel pitting with distinct borders; simple perforation plates; rays 1–3 seriate, composed of procumbent cells or body ray cells procumbent with one or two‐row of upright or square marginal cells; fibers septate and non‐septate, with simple to minutely bordered pits; axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal, vasicentric, septate; perforated ray cells; prismatic crystals in rays, and rays and fibers irregularly storied. The fossil stems are related to extant Dolichandra unguis‐cati (L.) Miers.ConclusionsThe fossils represent a new taxon, Dolichandra pacei sp. nov., which confirms the presence of a neotropical Bignoniaceae liana from the Miocene and provides the first and oldest evidence of the climbing habit in the family. Paleobotanical studies in the Mariño Formation, with the record of Bignoniaceae and Verbenaceae, and phylogenetic and biogeographical studies have great importance to understand plant evolution and diversification in South American Andes.
Neighborhood‐level predictors of African American and Latinx parents' ethnic–racial socialization
Authors: Witherspoon Dawn P. , Smalls Glover Ciara , Wei Wei , Hughes Diane L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFew studies examine how neighborhood structural factors (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES] and diversity) and perceived disorder may influence the messages parents communicate to their youth about race/ethnicity. Guided by the integrative model and social disorganization theory, this study examines how parents' ethnic–racial socialization messages (ERS) are shaped by the broader environment. Data come from the MacArthur Studies of Diversity in Midlife. Latinx and African American parentsN = 508 (Mage = 39) with a child between 6‐ and 17‐years old living in two urban US cities were included. Cultural perceptions were assessed at both the individual level (e.g., perceived discrimination and ethnic affirmation) and neighborhood level along with demographic and structural neighborhood characteristics at the individual and neighborhood level, respectively. Multilevel analyses revealed that at both the individual level and neighborhood levels, perceived neighborhood problems were associated with more frequent messages about ethnicity and race (e.g., cultural socialization and preparation for bias). In addition, neighborhood‐level affirmation promoted cultural messages; in contrast, neighborhood‐level discrimination experiences positively impacted preparation for unfair treatment. Results reveal how parents' ERS is informed by their own characteristics as well as neighborhood factors. Further, cross‐level interactions were found. Findings are discussed in terms of contextual and cultural‐developmental theorizing about parenting.
Diversity in Alzheimer's disease drug trials: The importance of eligibility criteria
Authors: Franzen Sanne , Smith Jade Emily , van den Berg Esther , Rivera Mindt Monica , van Bruchem‐Visser Rozemarijn L. , Abner Erin L. , Schneider Lon S. , Prins Niels D. , Babulal Ganesh M. , Papma Janne M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo generalize safety and efficacy findings, it is essential that diverse populations are well represented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug trials. In this review, we aimed to investigate participant diversity in disease‐modifying AD trials over time, and the frequencies of participant eligibility criteria.MethodsA systematic review was performed using Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov, identifying 2247 records.ResultsIn the 101 included AD trials, participants were predominantly White (median percentage: 94.7%, interquartile range: 81.0–96.7%); and this percentage showed no significant increase or decrease over time (2001–2019). Eligibility criteria such as exclusion of persons with psychiatric illness (78.2%), cardiovascular disease (71.3%) and cerebrovascular disease (68.3%), obligated caregiver attendance (80.2%), and specific Mini‐Mental State Examination scores (90.1%; no significant increase/decrease over time) may have led to a disproportionate exclusion of ethnoracially diverse individuals.DiscussionEthnoracially diverse participants continue to be underrepresented in AD clinical trials. Several recommendations are provided to broaden eligibility criteria.
Apolipoprotein B is a novel marker for early tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Picard Cynthia , Nilsson Nathalie , Labonté Anne , Auld Daniel , Rosa‐Neto Pedro ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Breitner John C.B. , Villeneuve Sylvia , Poirier Judes ,   for the PREVENT‐AD research group
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe examine the role of brain apolipoprotein B (apoB) as a putative marker of early tau pathology and cognitive decline.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) participants were collected to measure protein levels of apoB and AD biomarkers amyloid beta (Aβ), t‐tau and p‐tau, as well as synaptic markers GAP43, SYNAPTOTAGMIN‐1, synaptosome associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25), and NEUROGRANIN. CSF apoB levels were contrasted with positron emission tomography (PET) scan measures of Aβ (18F‐NAV4694) and Tau (flortaucipir) along with cognitive assessment alterations over 6 to 8 years.ResultsCSF apoB levels were elevated in AD participants and correlated with t‐tau, p‐tau, and the four synaptic markers in pre‐symptomatic individuals. In the latter, CSF apoB levels correlated with PET flortaucipir‐binding in entorhinal, parahippocampal, and fusiform regions. Baseline CSF apoB levels were associated with longitudinal visuospatial cognitive decline.DiscussionCSF apoB markedly associates with early tau dysregulation in asymptomatic subjects and identifies at‐risk individuals predisposed to develop visuospatial cognitive decline over time.
Committee on High‐quality Alzheimer's Disease Studies (CHADS) consensus report
Authors: Jicha Greg A. , Abner Erin L. , Arnold Steven E. , Carrillo Maria C. , Dodge Hiroko H. , Edland Steven D. , Fargo Keith N. , Feldman Howard H. , Goldstein Larry B. , Hendrix James , Peters Ruth , Robillard Julie M. , Schneider Lon S. , Titiner Jodi R. , Weber Christopher J. ,   the Clinical Trial Advancement & Methodology Professional Interest Area of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART)
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundConsensus guidance for the development and identification of high‐quality Alzheimer's disease clinical trials is needed for protocol development and conduct of clinical trials.MethodsAn ad hoc consensus committee was convened in conjunction with the Alzheimer's Association to develop consensus recommendations.ResultsConsensus was readily reached for the need to provide scientific justification, registration of trials, institutional review board oversight, conflict of interest disclosure, funding source disclosure, defined trial population, recruitment resources, definition of the intervention, specification of trial duration, appropriate payment for participant engagement, risk‐benefit disclosure as part of the consent process, and the requirement to disseminate and/or publish trial results even if the study is negative.ConclusionsThis consensus guidance should prove useful for the protocol development and conduct of clinical trials, and may further provide a platform for the development of education materials that may help guide appropriate clinical trial participation decisions for potential trial participants and the general public.
Inhibition of Autophagy by a Small Molecule through Covalent Modification of the LC3 Protein
Authors: Fan Shijie , Yue Liyan , Wan Wei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Bidong , Otomo Chinatsu , Li Quanfu , Lin Tingting , Hu Junchi , Xu Pan , Zhu Mingrui , Tao Hongru , Chen Zhifeng , Li Lianchun , Ding Hong , Yao Zhiyi , Lu Junyan , Wen Yi , Zhang Naixia , Tan Minjia , Chen Kaixian , Xie Yuli , Otomo Takanori , Zhou Bing , Jiang Hualiang , Dang Yongjun , Luo Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe autophagic ubiquitin‐like protein LC3 functions through interactions with LC3‐interaction regions (LIRs) of other autophagy proteins, including autophagy receptors, which stands out as a promising protein–protein interaction (PPI) target for the intervention of autophagy. Post‐translational modifications like acetylation of Lys49 on the LIR‐interacting surface could disrupt the interaction, offering an opportunity to design covalent small molecules interfering with the interface. Through screening covalent compounds, we discovered a small molecule modulator of LC3A/B that covalently modifies LC3A/B protein at Lys49. Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) based evaluations reveal that a derivative molecule DC‐LC3in‐D5 exhibits a potent covalent reactivity and selectivity to LC3A/B in HeLa cells. DC‐LC3in‐D5 compromises LC3B lipidation in vitro and in HeLa cells, leading to deficiency in the formation of autophagic structures and autophagic substrate degradation. DC‐LC3in‐D5 could serve as a powerful tool for autophagy research as well as for therapeutic interventions.
Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring Expansion Toward Enantioenriched Silicon‐Stereogenic Benzosiloles
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Yan Nuo , Ju Cheng‐Wei , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe development of a straightforward strategy to obtain enantioenriched silicon‐stereogenic benzosiloles remains a challenging yet appealing synthesis venture due to their potential future application in chiral electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this context, all of the existing methods rely on Rh‐catalyzed systems and are somewhat limited in scope. Herein, we disclose the first Ni0‐catalyzed ring expansion process that enables the preparation of benzosiloles possessing tetraorganosilicon stereocenters in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The presented catalysis strategy is further applied to the asymmetric synthesis of silicon‐stereogenic bis‐silicon‐bridged π‐extended systems. Preliminary studies reveal that such compounds exhibit fluorescence emission, Cotton effects and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity.
An Integrated Photoelectrochemical Nanotool for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Evaluation of Treatment Effect
Authors: Ruan Yi‐Fan , Chen Feng‐Zao , Xu Yi‐Tong , Zhang Tian‐Yang , Yu Si‐Yuan , Zhao Wei‐Wei , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith reduced background and high sensitivity, photoelectrochemistry (PEC) may be applied as an intracellular nanotool and open a new technological direction of single‐cell study. Nevertheless, the present palette of single‐cell tools lacks such a PEC‐oriented solution. Here a dual‐functional photocathodic single‐cell nanotool capable of direct electroosmotic intracellular drug delivery and evaluation of oxidative stress is devised by engineering a target‐specific organic molecule/NiO/Ni film at the tip of a nanopipette. Specifically, the organic molecule probe serves simultaneously as the biorecognition element and sensitizer to synergize with p‐type NiO. Upon intracellular delivery at picoliter level, the oxidative stress effect will cause structural change of the organic probe, switching its optical absorption and altering the cathodic response. This work has revealed the potential of PEC single‐cell nanotool and extended the boundary of current single‐cell electroanalysis.
Mechanical Enhancement and Kinetics Regulation of Fmoc‐Diphenylalanine Hydrogels by Thioflavin T
Authors: Tikhonova Tatiana N. , Rovnyagina Nataliya N. , Arnon Zohar A. , Yakimov Boris P. , Efremov Yuri M. , Cohen‐Gerassi Dana , Halperin‐Sternfeld Michal , Kosheleva Nastasia V. , Drachev Vladimir P. , Svistunov Andrey A. , Timashev Peter S. , Adler‐Abramovich Lihi , Shirshin Evgeny A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe self‐assembly of peptides is a key direction for fabrication of advanced materials. Novel approaches for fine tuning of macroscopic and microscopic properties of peptide self‐assemblies are of a high demand for constructing biomaterials with desired properties. In this work, while studying the kinetics of the Fmoc‐Diphenylalanine (Fmoc‐FF) dipeptide self‐assembly using the Thioflavin T (ThT) dye, we observed that the presence of ThT strongly modifies structural and mechanical properties of the Fmoc‐FF hydrogel. Notably, the presence of ThT resulted in a tenfold increase of the gelation time and in the formation of short and dense fibers in the hydrogel. As a result of these morphological alteration higher thermal stability, and most important, tenfold increase of the hydrogel rigidity was achieved. Hence, ThT not only slowed the kinetics of the Fmoc‐FF hydrogel formation, but also strongly enhanced its mechanical properties. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the ThT effect on the hydrogel properties and suggest the mechanisms for this phenomenon, paving the way for the novel approach to the control of the peptide hydrogels’ micro‐ and macroscale properties.
Self‐Metalation of Porphyrins at the Solid–Gas Interface
Authors: Armillotta Francesco , D'Incecco Enrico , Corva Manuel , Stredansky Matus , Gallet Jean‐Jacques , Bournel Fabrice , Goldoni Andrea , Morgante Alberto , Vesselli Erik , Verdini Alberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSelf‐metalation is a promising route to include a single metal atom in a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle in organic frameworks supported by metal surfaces. The molecule–surface interaction may provide the charge transfer and the geometric distortion of the molecular plane necessary for metal inclusion. However, at a metal surface the presence of an activation barrier can represent an obstacle that cannot be compensated by a higher substrate temperature without affecting the layer integrity. The formation of the intermediate state can be facilitated in some cases by oxygen pre‐adsorption at the supporting metal surface, like in the case of 2H‐TPP/Pd(100). In such cases, the activation barrier can be overcome by mild annealing, yielding the formation of desorbing products and of the metalated tetrapyrrole. We show here that the self‐metalation of 2H‐TPP at the Pd(100) surface can be promoted already at room temperature by the presence of an oxygen gas phase at close‐to‐ambient conditions via an Eley–Rideal mechanism.
Sins of omission: Critical informatics perspectives on privacy in e‐learning systems in higher education
Authors: Paris Britt , Reynolds Rebecca , McGowan Catherine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic emptied classrooms across the globe and pushed administrators, students, educators, and parents into an uneasy alliance with online learning systems already committing serious privacy and intellectual property violations, and actively promoted the precarity of educational labor. In this article, we use methods and theories derived from critical informatics to examine Rutgers University's deployment of seven online learning platforms commonly used in higher education to uncover five themes that result from the deployment of corporate learning platforms. We conclude by suggesting ways ahead to meaningfully address the structural power and vulnerabilities extended by higher education's use of these platforms.
Pyrazine Based Type‐I Sensitizing Assemblies for Photoreduction of Cu(II) in ‘One‐Pot Three‐Component’ CuAAC Reaction Under Aerial Conditions
Authors: Kumar Sourav , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotosensitizing assemblies of pyrazine derivative PDA have been developed which exhibit a high photostability, ‘lighted’ excited state, balanced redox potential, high transportation potential and activate oxygen via type‐I pathway only. These PDA assemblies in combination with Cu(II) ions catalyze the CuAAC reaction via in situ reduction of Cu(II) ions without any reducing or stabilizing agent. The present protocol has wide substrate scope with recyclability of the catalytic system up to six catalytic cycles and is applicable to gram‐scale synthesis.
Students authoring molecular case studies as a partial course‐based undergraduate research experience (CURE) for lab instruction
Authors: Riley Kasandra J. , Vardar‐Ulu Didem , Pollock Elizabeth , Dutta Shuchismita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between protein structure and function is a core‐learning goal in biochemistry. Students often struggle to visualize proteins as three‐dimensional objects that interact with other molecules to affect its biochemical consequences. We describe here a partial course‐based undergraduate research experiences that has students exploring protein structure and function hands‐on while authoring a molecular case study intended for others to use.
Advanced‐sectioned images obtained by microsectioning of the entire male body
Authors: You Yaqian , Kim Chung Yoh , Kim Seul Ki , Chung Beom Sun , Har Donghwan , Choi Jack , Park Jin Seo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRealistic two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) applications for anatomical studies are being developed from true‐colored sectioned images. We generated advanced‐sectioned images of the entire male body and verified that anatomical structures of both normal and abnormal shapes could be visualized in them. The cadaver was serially sectioned at constant intervals using a cryomacrotome. The sectioned surfaces were photographed using a digital camera to generate horizontal advanced‐sectioned images in which normal and abnormal structures were classified. Advanced‐sectioned images of the entire male body were generated. The image resolution was 3.3 × 3.3 fold better than that of the first sectioned images obtained in 2002. In the advanced‐sectioned images, normal and abnormal structures ranging from microscopic (≥0.06 mm × 0.06 mm; pixel size) to macroscopic (≤473.1 mm × 202 mm; body size) could be identified. Furthermore, the real shapes and actual sites of lung cancer and lymph node enlargement were ascertained in them. Such images will be useful because of their true color and high resolution in digital 2D and 3D applications for gross anatomy and clinical anatomy. In future, we plan to generate new advanced‐sectioned images of abnormal cadavers with different diseases for clinical anatomy studies.
Factors associated with distinct prognostic‐awareness‐transition patterns over cancer patients’ last 6 months of life
Authors: Chen Chen Hsiu , Wen Fur‐Hsing , Chou Wen‐Chi , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Tang Siew Tzuh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients may develop prognostic awareness (PA) heterogeneously, but predictors of PA‐transition patterns have never been studied. We aimed to identify transition patterns of PA and their associated factors during cancer patients’ last 6 months.MethodsFor this secondary‐analysis study, PA was assessed among 334 cancer patients when they were first diagnosed as terminally ill and monthly till they died. PA was categorized into four states: (a) unknown and not wanting to know; (b) unknown but wanting to know; (c) inaccurate awareness; and (d) accurate awareness. The first and last PA states estimated by hidden Markov modeling were examined to identify their change patterns. Factors associated with distinct PA‐transition patterns were determined by multinomial logistic regressions focused on modifiable time‐varying variables assessed in the wave before the last PA assessment to ensure a clear time sequence for associating with PA‐transition patterns.ResultsFour PA‐transition patterns were identified: maintaining accurate PA (56.3%), gaining accurate PA (20.4%), heterogeneous PA (7.8%), and still avoiding PA (15.6%). Reported physician‐prognostic disclosure increased the likelihood of belonging to the maintaining‐accurate‐PA group than to other groups. Greater symptom distress predisposed patients to be in the still‐avoiding‐PA than the heterogeneous PA group. Patients with higher functional dependence and more anxiety/depressive symptoms were more and less likely to be in the heterogeneous PA group and in the still‐avoiding‐PA group, respectively, than in the maintaining‐ and gaining‐accurate PA groups.ConclusionsCancer patients heterogeneously experienced PA‐transition patterns over their last 6 months. Physicians’ prognostic disclosure, and patients’ symptom distress, functional dependence, and anxiety/depressive symptoms, all modifiable by high‐quality end‐of‐life care, were associated with distinct PA‐transition patterns.