bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake and plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in early-stage Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yoo Dallah , Lim Yunsook , Son Yiseul , Rho Hyunkyung , Shin Chaewon , Ahn Tae-Beom 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important for neuronal function and may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the correlation between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of PUFA and their associations with clinical severity in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a case–control study with 38 patients with PD and 33 controls, we assessed dietary intake using food frequency questionnaires and simultaneously measured the plasma levels of five PUFA. No differences were observed in dietary total energy and lipid intake, including PUFA, between patients with PD and controls. However, α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) plasma levels were lower in patients with PD. The association between dietary intake and plasma PUFA concentrations was not significant in patients with PD. ALA and LA plasma levels were inversely correlated with motor severity in patients with PD, while docosahexaenoic acid and AA plasma levels were positively correlated with non-motor symptoms after controlling for age and sex.
Long-term mortality due to infection associated with elevated liver enzymes: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Jang Eun Sun , Song In-Ae 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether elevated liver enzymes in the adult population were associated with mortality due to infection. As a population-based cohort study, data from the National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort were used. Adult individuals (aged ≥ 40 years) who underwent standardized medical examination between 2002 and 2003 were included, and infectious mortality was defined as mortality due to infection between 2004 and 2015. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), AST/ALT ratio, and dynamic AST/ALT ratio (dAAR) were included in multivariable Cox modeling. A total of 512,746 individuals were included in this study. Infectious mortality occurred in 2444 individuals (0.5%). In the multivariable model, moderate and severe elevation in AST was associated with 1.94-fold [hazard ratio (HR):1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–2.19; P < 0.001] and 3.93-fold (HR: 3.93, 95% CI 3.05–5.07; P < 0.001) higher infectious mortality respectively, compared with the normal AST group. Similar results were observed for moderate and severe elevation in ALT and mild, moderate, and severe elevation in γ-GTP. Additionally, a 1-point increase in the AST/ALT ratio and dAAR was associated with higher infection mortality. Elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio, γ-GTP, and dAAR) were associated with increased infectious mortality.
Quantitative assessment of normal middle deltoid muscle elasticity at various arm abduction using ultrasound shear wave elastography
Authors: Wang Lei , Guo Xuanyan , Tan Li , Chen Qin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the change in the normal MD elasticity using shear wave elastography (SWE) through measuring the middle deltoid (MD) elasticity in healthy participants at various arm abduction (with bilateral arms at 0 degrees abduction and 90 degrees active abduction) and analyzing the factors affecting normal MD elasticity. Mean shear wave velocity (SWV) of the MD in healthy right-handed participants were evaluated using SWE at different arm abduction, and potential factors (gender, MD thickness, age, body mass index) affecting MD elasticity were analyzed. Different arm abduction positions of each participant were as follows: (i) 0° abduction of bilateral arm (L0° and R0°), (ii) 90° active abduction of bilateral arm (L90° and R90°). Mean SWV was significantly higher at L90° than L0°, higher at R90° than R0°, higher at R0° than L0°, and higher at R90° than L90° (all P < 0.0001). SWV was significantly higher in males at both L0° (P < 0.05) and R0° (P < 0.01) than in females. Neither MD thickness, age nor body mass index influenced MD elasticity. Reference ranges of normal MD elasticity were 2.4–3.1 m/s in males and 2.2–2.9 m/s in females at L0° and 2.5–3.3 m/s in males and 2.4–3.2 m/s in females at R0°, and were 4.9–6.7 m/s at L90°, 5.2–7.1 m/s at R90° for both males and females. SWE is a feasible technique to assess normal MD elasticity at various arm abduction. Our results suggest that normal MD elasticity at L0°, R0°, L90°, and R90° with SWE are different. Moreover, these reference ranges may serve as quantitative baseline measurements for assessment of normal MD elasticity in the future.
Pan-cancer analysis of SETD2 mutation and its association with the efficacy of immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Mingdong , Zhao Bin , Liu Mengshan , Wu Le , Li Yingying , Zhai Yingna , Shen Xian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHistone methyltransferase SETD2 plays a critical role in maintaining genomic integrity and stability. Here, we investigated the characteristics of SETD2 somatic mutation in the cancer genome atlas pan-cancer cohort. Our data revealed that, compared with SETD2 nonmutant patients, SETD2 mutant patients had higher tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability. In addition, the transcriptions of most genes related to immune activities were upregulated in patients with SETD2 mutant tumors. Further examination of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors suggested SETD2 mutation was associated with favorable clinical outcomes. These results have implication for the personalization of cancer immunotherapy.
A simulation-based evaluation of machine learning models for clinical decision support: application and analysis using hospital readmission
Authors: Mišić Velibor V. , Rajaram Kumar , Gabel Eilon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interest in applying machine learning in healthcare has grown rapidly in recent years. Most predictive algorithms requiring pathway implementations are evaluated using metrics focused on predictive performance, such as the c statistic. However, these metrics are of limited clinical value, for two reasons: (1) they do not account for the algorithm’s role within a provider workflow; and (2) they do not quantify the algorithm’s value in terms of patient outcomes and cost savings. We propose a model for simulating the selection of patients over time by a clinician using a machine learning algorithm, and quantifying the expected patient outcomes and cost savings. Using data on unplanned emergency department surgical readmissions, we show that factors such as the provider’s schedule and postoperative prediction timing can have major effects on the pathway cohort size and potential cost reductions from preventing hospital readmissions.
The power and promise of genetic mapping from Plasmodium falciparum crosses utilizing human liver-chimeric mice
Authors: Button-Simons Katrina A. , Kumar Sudhir , Carmago Nelly , Haile Meseret T. , Jett Catherine , Checkley Lisa A. , Kennedy Spencer Y. , Pinapati Richard S. , Shoue Douglas A. , McDew-White Marina , Li Xue , Nosten François H. , Kappe Stefan H. , Anderson Timothy J. C. , Romero-Severson Jeanne , Ferdig Michael T. , Emrich Scott J. , Vaughan Ashley M. , Cheeseman Ian H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGenetic crosses are most powerful for linkage analysis when progeny numbers are high, parental alleles segregate evenly and numbers of inbred progeny are minimized. We previously developed a novel genetic crossing platform for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, an obligately sexual, hermaphroditic protozoan, using mice carrying human hepatocytes (the human liver-chimeric FRG NOD huHep mouse) as the vertebrate host. We report on two genetic crosses—(1) an allopatric cross between a laboratory-adapted parasite (NF54) of African origin and a recently patient-derived Asian parasite, and (2) a sympatric cross between two recently patient-derived Asian parasites. We generated 144 unique recombinant clones from the two crosses, doubling the number of unique recombinant progeny generated in the previous 30 years. The allopatric African/Asian cross has minimal levels of inbreeding and extreme segregation distortion, while in the sympatric Asian cross, inbred progeny predominate and parental alleles segregate evenly. Using simulations, we demonstrate that these progeny provide the power to map small-effect mutations and epistatic interactions. The segregation distortion in the allopatric cross slightly erodes power to detect linkage in several genome regions. We greatly increase the power and the precision to map biomedically important traits with these new large progeny panels.
Hydroclimate changes in eastern Africa over the past 200,000 years may have influenced early human dispersal
Authors: Schaebitz Frank , Asrat Asfawossen , Lamb Henry F. , Cohen Andrew S. , Foerster Verena , Duesing Walter , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Opitz Stephan , Viehberg Finn A. , Vogelsang Ralf , Dean Jonathan , Leng Melanie J. , Junginger Annett , Ramsey Christopher Bronk , Chapot Melissa S. , Deino Alan , Lane Christine S. , Roberts Helen M. , Vidal Céline , Tiedemann Ralph , Trauth Martin H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReconstructions of climatic and environmental conditions can contribute to current debates about the factors that influenced early human dispersal within and beyond Africa. Here we analyse a 200,000-year multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Chew Bahir, a tectonic lake basin in the southern Ethiopian rift. Our record reveals two modes of climate change, both associated temporally and regionally with a specific type of human behavior. The first is a long-term trend towards greater aridity between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, modulated by precession-driven wet-dry cycles. Here, more favorable wetter environmental conditions may have facilitated long-range human expansion into new territory, while less favorable dry periods may have led to spatial constriction and isolation of local human populations. The second mode of climate change observed since 60,000 years ago mimics millennial to centennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events. We hypothesize that human populations may have responded to these shorter climate fluctuations with local dispersal between montane and lowland habitats.
Text Structure Strategy for Expository Reading Comprehension: Case Study With an Adolescent With Noonan Syndrome
Authors: Hall-Mills Shannon , Marante Leesa 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This article describes the implementation of a text structure strategy approach to reading comprehension intervention to improve comprehension of expository texts for an adolescent with Noonan Syndrome and a history of developmental language disorder and reading disability.

Method
The text structure intervention program was created for a feasibility study with adolescents who have language and literacy disorders. In the present case study, we investigated whether it was possible to improve expository text comprehension in a client with Noonan Syndrome and a history of significant needs in literacy. The text structure program leveraged the participant's progressive knowledge and awareness of specific text structures and structure signal words for improved comprehension of compare-contrast texts. The participant attended 60-min sessions twice weekly for three weeks at a university clinic.

Results
The participant demonstrated an increase in signal word identification as well as compare-contrast text comprehension.

Conclusions
This preliminary case study demonstrates that a short-term, explicit text structure strategy intervention is feasible for treatment of reading comprehension difficulties. This study also provides support for future text structure research with adolescent language and literacy deficits secondary to medical complexities.
Building capacity for the engineering of biology in Australia
Authors: Curach Natalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Australia, synthetic biology has taken a gradual and rational passage of growth from a collective of discrete practitioners and projects to capacity building initiatives. These initiatives fall under the National Innovation and Science Agenda [2] and have culminated into the formation of hubs of scientific expertise and education supported by the leveraging and enhancement of existing infrastructure networks across the country. The spotlight on science has also motivated more of a whole‐of‐government response to strengthening the nation's entire innovation ecosystem. Policy changes to tax incentives and gene technology regulation have created a momentum which is seeing increasingly more financial backing from Australian and international investors in synthetic biology. With these structures in place, the opportunities afforded by engineering biology have opened for uplifting innovation and the formation of new industries.
Das Disease-Management-Programm Osteoporose
Authors: Kurth Andreas A. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungEine zentrale Herausforderung im Gesundheitswesen stellt der Ausbau von Versorgungsstrukturen für die bessere Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention von chronischen Erkrankungen dar. Aufgrund festgestellter Defizite in der Versorgung chronisch Kranker in Deutschland wurden im Jahr 2002 flächendeckend Disease-Management-Programme (DMPs) als Behandlungsprogramme im ambulanten Bereich implementiert. Dies sind strukturierte Behandlungsprogramme mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung des Behandlungsablaufs und der Qualität in der medizinischen Versorgung chronisch kranker Patienten. Osteoporose ist in Deutschland als Volkskrankheit anzusehen, und die Herausforderungen bei der Osteoporose-Behandlung bestehen einerseits in der aktuellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Unterversorgung sowie einer strukturierten Vorgehensweise.Mit Inkrafttreten des G-BA-Beschlusses zum DMP Osteoporose im Juli 2020 wurde der Notwendigkeit für eine strukturierte Behandlung von Osteoporose-Patienten Rechnung getragen. Die bessere Kooperation der verschiedenen behandelnden Ärzte sowie eine engere Arzt-Patienten-Bindung sollen dazu beitragen, die Versorgungslücken zu schließen.Kernelemente bestehen in einer Strukturierung der Behandlungsabläufe und einer klaren Orientierung von Diagnostik und Therapie, basierend auf aktuellen evidenzbasierten Leitlinien. Die konkreten Therapieziele des DMP Osteoporose liegen in der Vermeidung von Frakturen, der Schmerzreduktion, der Sturzprophylaxe und einer Verbesserung der Lebenserwartung und in der Lebensqualität der Patienten. Dafür können sich die teilnehmenden Ärzte an der Leitlinie Osteoporose des Dachverbands Osteologie e. V. (DVO) orientieren.In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Entwicklung der DMPs in Deutschland und im Speziellen die Erarbeitung des DMP Osteoporose und die GBA-Richtlinien dargestellt.
Oral Progestins in Hormonal Contraception: Importance and Future Perspectives of a New Progestin Only-Pill Containing 4 mg Drospirenone
Authors: Römer Thomas , Bitzer Johannes , Egarter Christian , Hadji Peyman , Kiechle Marion , Kramer Heike , Oppelt Patricia G. , Peters Klaus , Stute Petra , Schaudig Katrin , Wiegratz Inka , Regidor Pedro-Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHormonal contraceptives are an effective and safe method for preventing pregnancy. Progestins used in contraception are either components of combined hormonal contraceptives (tablets, patches or vaginal rings) or are used as a single active ingredient in progestin mono-preparations (the progestin-only pill (POP), implants, intrauterine systems or depot preparations). Progestins are highly effective in long-term contraception when used properly, and have a very good safety profile with very few contraindications. A new oestrogen-free ovulation inhibitor (POP) has recently been authorised in the USA and the EU. This progestin mono-preparation contains 4 mg of drospirenone (DRSP), which has anti-gonadotropic, anti-mineralocorticoidic and anti-androgenic properties. The hormone administration regimen of 24 days followed by a 4-day hormone-free period was chosen to improve bleeding control and to maintain oestradiol concentrations at early follicular-phase levels, preventing
oestrogen deficiency. Clinical trials have demonstrated a high contraceptive effectiveness, a very low risk of cardiovascular side effects and a favourable menstrual bleeding pattern. Due to the long half-life of DRSP (30 – 34 hours), the effectiveness of the preparation is maintained even if a woman forgets to take a pill on a single occasion. Studies involving deliberate 24-hour delays in taking a pill have demonstrated that ovulation inhibition is maintained if a single pill is missed. Following a summary of the current status of oestrogen-free contraception, this review article will describe the clinical development programme of the 4 mg DRSP mono-preparation and the resulting data on the effectiveness and safety of this new oestrogen-free oral hormonal contraceptive.
Primary Extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: A First Tertiary Care Experience from Punjab, North India
Authors: Narang Vikram , Singh Aminder , Sood Neena , Garg Bhavna , Kaur Harpreet , Jain Kunal , Grover Sumit ,   Steffi
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Primary extranodal lymphomas are less frequently encountered and difficult to diagnose in routine practice. The histopathological and immunohistochemical studies are essential in addition to clinical details to diagnose. The incidence is varied in different parts of India along with variation in histopathological spectrum.
Methodology The clinical features and histopathological findings of patients diagnosed with primary extranodal lymphoma over 3-year period were retrieved from archives of pathology department and analyzed.
Results During the 3-year study period, a total of 135 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphomas were evaluated, and of these, 41.4% (56/135) of cases presented with primary extranodal involvement. The mean age of primary extranodal lymphoma presentation was 61.3 ± 17.5 with M:F ratio of 1:1.1 Most common extranodal site involved was gastrointestinal tract 32.1%, 18/56 (small intestine [17.8%, 10 cases] and large intestine [8.9%, 5 cases]). Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of B cell type were the predominant subtype (48/56, 85.7%), while 8/56 (14.2%) cases were of T cell lineage. Of the B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma diffuse, large B cell lymphoma was the predominant subtype constituting ~83.3% (40/48).
Conclusion Primary extranodal lymphomas exhibit varied histomorphological and clinical presentation. The present study is first such analysis from Punjab that intends to compare with studies from other parts of India.
Tonsillar Carcinoma Spreading Metastases to Central Nervous System: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Khan Shujhat , Anichini Giulio , Mian Areeb , Kareem Haider , Syed Nelofer , O'Neill Kevin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a case report of a 51-year-old left-handed male with a background of human papillomovairus 16-positive tonsil squamous cell carcinoma presenting with tonic-clonic seizure and a radiological diagnosis of secondary metastatic deposits. These were initially treated with stereotactic radiosurgery and subsequently with surgery. Surgical resection was performed under general anesthesia with right-sided temporal and parietal approaches. Both the parietal and temporal deposits were removed, while the intraventricular mass was intentionally left to avoid postoperative deficits. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered postoperatively. The patient experienced a satisfactory recovery postoperatively and was reoperated for recurrence 4 months later. He maintained a good quality of life and an excellent performance status throughout, but unfortunately he passed away in November 2018 due to septic complications. This case history stresses the difficulty in managing squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with brain metastatic deposits. There are no current guidelines about the management of patients presenting with such a rare condition. More data are thus desirable to better define treatment guidelines and protocols when SCC brain metastases are present.
Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia–Dual-phase Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiogram and Role of Radiologist
Authors: Gupta Vikash Kumar , Alkandari Buthaina Mohammad , Mohammed Wasif , Abdelmohsen Mohsen Ahmed , Mohammad Mohammad Gaber Abdullah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies available in the literature have shown alterations in blood coagulation tests in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since microvascular thrombosis is a well-known fact in COVID-19 disease, requiring therapeutic anticoagulation, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose is a part of the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, we describe three cases of abdominal spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) in hospitalized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients.
Bilateral Cemented Custom-Made Total Hip Arthroplasty in Paget's Disease with Femoral Cortical Thickening and Canal Narrowing
Authors: D'Ambrosi Riccardo , Ballini Luca , Valli Federico , Guarino Stefano , Rubino Maurizio , Ursino Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this report, we present a case of a 57-year-old man complaining of pain in both his hips. Clinically, the patient reported lameness and reduction in the range of motion of the hips. Radiographic imaging showed a very narrow medullary femoral canal, confirmed by a computed tomography scan. In consideration of the narrowness of the femoral canal and cortex thickening, and due to the rarity of the clinical case, we opted to use a custom-made prosthesis. We performed total hip arthroplasty, initially on the right side. One year later, we repeated the procedure on the left side. One year after the last surgery, the patient reported well-being and continuous improvement in walking, with no complications. This case report highlights the features and the critical issues related to this kind of surgery in patients affected by Paget's disease of the bone and the importance of custom-made implants in challenging cases.
An all-digital associated particle imaging system for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions
Authors: Ayllon Unzueta Mauricio , Ludewigt Bernhard , Mak Brian , Tak Tanay , Persaud Arun 
Published: June 2021

Associated particle imaging (API) is a non-destructive nuclear technique for the 3D determination of isotopic distributions. By detecting the alpha particle associated with the emitted neutron in the deuterium–tritium fusion reaction with a position- and time-resolving detector, the direction of the 14.1 MeV neutron and its time of emission can be determined. Employing this method, isotope characteristic gamma rays emitted in inelastic neutron scattering events can be correlated with the neutron interaction location. An API system consisting of a sealed-type neutron generator, gamma detectors, and a position-sensitive alpha detector was designed, constructed, and characterized. The system was tested with common soil elements and shown to be sensitive to 12C, 16O, 28Si, 27Al, and 56Fe. New aspects of our approach are the use of a yttrium–aluminum–perovskite scintillator, using a sapphire window instead of a fiber-optic faceplate for light transport to the photomultiplier, and the all-digital data acquisition system. We present a description of the system with simulations and experimental results that show a position resolution on the alpha detector of 1 mm, a depth resolution using a LaBr3 detector of 6.2 cm, and an angular resolution of 4.5°. Additionally, we present single-element gamma response measurements for the elements mentioned above together with a comparison to Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP6).