bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcending capitalism growth strategies for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Moranta Joan , Torres Cati , Murray Ivan , Hidalgo Manuel , Hinz Hilmar , Gouraguine Adam 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe unlimited economic growth that fuels capitalism's metabolism has profoundly transformed a large portion of Earth. The resulting environmental destruction has led to an unprecedented rate of biodiversity loss. Following large‐scale losses of habitats and species, it was recognized that biodiversity is crucial to maintaining functional ecosystems. We sought to continue the debate on the contradictions between economic growth and biodiversity in the conservation science literature and thus invite scholars to engage in reversing the biodiversity crisis through acknowledging the impacts of economic growth. In the 1970s, a global agenda was set to develop different milestones related to sustainable development, including green–blue economic growth, which despite not specifically addressing biodiversity reinforced the idea that economic development based on profit is compatible with the planet's ecology. Only after biodiversity loss captured the attention of environmental sciences researchers in the early 2000s was a global biodiversity agenda implemented. The agenda highlights biodiversity conservation as a major international challenge and recognizes that the main drivers of biodiversity loss derive from economic activities. The post‐2000 biodiversity agendas, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the post‐2020 Convention on Biological Diversity Global Strategy Framework, do not consider the negative impacts of growth‐oriented strategies on biodiversity. As a result, global biodiversity conservation priorities are governed by the economic value of biodiversity and its assumed contribution to people's welfare. A large body of empirical evidence shows that unlimited economic growth is the main driver of biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene; thus, we strongly argue for sustainable degrowth and a fundamental shift in societal values. An equitable downscaling of the physical economy can improve ecological conditions, thus reducing biodiversity loss and consequently enhancing human well‐being.
Completion of annual diabetes care processes and mortality: A cohort study using the National Diabetes Audit for England and Wales
Authors: Holman Naomi , Knighton Peter , OʼKeefe Jackie , Wild Sarah H. , Brewster Sarah , Price Hermione , Patel Kiran , Hanif Wasim , Patel Vinod , Gregg Edward W. , Holt Richard I. G. , Gadsby Roger , Khunti Kamlesh , Valabhji Jonathan , Young Bob , Sattar Naveed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo conduct an analysis to assess whether the completion of recommended diabetes care processes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c], creatinine, cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index [BMI], smoking habit, urinary albumin, retinal and foot examinations) at least annually is associated with mortality.Materials and methodsA cohort from the National Diabetes Audit of England and Wales comprising 179 105 people with type 1 and 1 397 790 people with type 2 diabetes, aged 17 to 99 years on January 1, 2009, diagnosed before January 1, 2009 and alive on April 1, 2013 was followed to December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for demographic characteristics, smoking, HbA1c, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, BMI, duration of diagnosis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, prior myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, respiratory disease and cancer, were used to investigate whether care processes recorded January 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010 were associated with subsequent mortality.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 7.5 and 7.0 years there were 26 915 and 388 093 deaths in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Completion of five or fewer, compared to eight, care processes (retinal screening not included as data were not reliable) had a mortality hazard ratio (HR) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28‐1.46) in people with type 1 and 1.32 (95% CI 1.30‐1.35) in people with type 2 diabetes. The HR was higher for respiratory disease deaths and lower in South Asian ethnic groups.ConclusionsPeople with diabetes who have fewer routine care processes have higher mortality. Further research is required into whether different approaches to care might improve outcomes for this high‐risk group.
Rapamycin prevents the long‐term impairing effects of adolescence Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on memory and plasticity in male rats
Authors: Sabran‐Cohen Talia , Bright Uri , Mizrachi Zer‐Aviv Tomer , Akirav Irit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLong‐lasting cognitive impairment is one of the most central negative consequences related to the exposure to cannabis during adolescence and particularly of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The aim of this study was to compare the protracted effects of adolescent versus late‐adolescent chronic exposure to THC on short‐term memory and plasticity and to examine whether rapamycin, a blocker of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, can restore THC‐induced deficits in memory and plasticity. Male rats were injected with ascending doses of THC [2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally (i.p.)] during adolescence and late‐adolescence (post‐natal days 30–41 and 45–56, respectively), followed by daily injections of rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 10 days of cessation from THC. Thirty days after the last injection, rats were tested for short‐term and working memory, anxiety‐like behaviour, and plasticity in the pathways projecting from the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). THC exposure in adolescence, but not late‐adolescence, was found to induce long‐term deficits in object recognition short‐term memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal‐accumbens pathway. Importantly, rapamycin rescued these persistent effects of THC administered during adolescence. Our findings show that some forms of memory and plasticity are sensitive to chronic THC administration during adolescence and that rapamycin administered during THC cessation may restore cognitive function and plasticity, thus potentially protecting against the possible long‐term harmful effects of THC.
Panax notoginseng saponin attenuates the hypoxic–ischaemic injury in neonatal rats by regulating the expression of neurotrophin factors
Authors: Huang Jin , Tan Ya‐Xin , Xue Lu‐Lu , Du Ruo‐Lan , Chen Jun‐Jie , Chen Li , Li Ting‐Ting , Bai Xue , Yang Si‐Jin , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Wang Ting‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeonatal hypoxic–ischaemic (HI) injury is a serious complication of neonatal asphyxia and the leading cause of neonatal acute death and chronic neurological injury, and the effective therapeutic method is lacking to improve patients' outcomes. We reported in this study that panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) may provide a treatment option for HI. HI model was established using neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats and then intraperitoneally injected with different dosage of PNS, once a day for 7 days. Histological staining and behavioural evaluations were performed to elucidate the pathological changes and neurobehavioural variation after PNS treatment. We found PNS administration significantly reduced the infarct volume of brain tissues and improved the autonomous activities of neonatal rats, especially with higher dosage. PNS treatment at 40 mg/kg reduced neuronal damage, suppressed neuronal apoptosis and depressed astroglial reactive response. Moreover, the long‐term cognitive and motor functions were also improved after PNS treatment at 40 mg/kg. Importantly, PNS treatment elevated the levels of BDNF and TrkB but decreased the expression of p75NTR both in the cortex and hippocampus of HI rats. The therapeutic efficacy of PNS might be correlated with PNS‐activated BDNF/TrkB signalling and inactivation of p75NTR expression, providing a novel potential therapy for alleviating HI injury.
Investors' decisions following acquisition announcements: A configurational analysis of the role of acquirers' resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target firm
Authors: Colovic Ana , Lamotte Olivier , Yang Jiachen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis research investigates how different configurations of acquirers' resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target firm influence investors' decisions following acquisition announcements. Drawing on signalling theory and the resource‐based view, we argue that investors closely scrutinize acquirers' bundles of resources to evaluate holistically the future outcome of the deal. Our fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) confirms that investors' decisions leading to abnormal stock returns following acquisition announcements depend on the configuration of the acquirer's resources, capabilities, and strategic fit with the target. It also reveals different configurations that lead to high or low short‐term stock market performance. Based on the findings, we propose five strategic profiles of merger and acquisition (M&A) deals.
Machine learning‐enabled multitrust audit of stroke comorbidities using natural language processing
Authors: Shek Anthony , Jiang Zhilin , Teo James , Au Yeung Joshua , Bhalla Ajay , Richardson Mark P. , Mah Yee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeWith the increasing adoption of electronic records in the health system, machine learning‐enabled techniques offer the opportunity for greater computer‐assisted curation of these data for audit and research purposes. In this project, we evaluate the consistency of traditional curation methods used in routine clinical practice against a new machine learning‐enabled tool, MedCAT, for the extraction of the stroke comorbidities recorded within the UK's Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) initiative.MethodsA total of 2327 stroke admission episodes from three different National Health Service (NHS) hospitals, between January 2019 and April 2020, were included in this evaluation. In addition, current clinical curation methods (SSNAP) and the machine learning‐enabled method (MedCAT) were compared against a subsample of 200 admission episodes manually reviewed by our study team. Performance metrics of sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, and F1 scores are reported.ResultsThe reporting of stroke comorbidities with current clinical curation methods is good for atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, but poor for congestive cardiac failure. The machine learning‐enabled method, MedCAT, achieved better performances across all four assessed comorbidities compared with current clinical methods, predominantly driven by higher sensitivity and F1 scores.ConclusionsWe have shown machine learning‐enabled data collection can support existing clinical and service initiatives, with the potential to improve the quality and speed of data extraction from existing clinical repositories. The scalability and flexibility of these new machine‐learning tools, therefore, present an opportunity to revolutionize audit and research methods.
Endoscopic image recognition method of gastric cancer based on deep learning model
Authors: Qiu Wengang , Xie Jun , Shen Yi , Xu Jiang , Liang Jun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe combination of computer algorithms to diagnose clinical images has attracted more and more attention. This research aims to improve the efficiency of gastric cancer (GC) diagnosis, so deep learning (DL) algorithms are tentatively used to assist doctors in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. In the experiment, the collected 3591 gastroscopic images were divided into network training set and experimental verification test set. The lesion samples in the image are all marked by many endoscopists with many years of clinical experience. In order to improve the experimental effect, 5261 endoscopic images were obtained by expanding the training set. Then the obtained training set is input into the convolutional neural network (CNN) for training, and finally get the algorithm model DLU‐Net. By inputting 598 test set samples into the CNN constructed in this paper, five results such as advanced GC, early GC, precancerous lesions, normal and benign lesions can be identified and output, with a total accuracy of 94.1%. It can be concluded that the DL algorithm model constructed in this paper can effectively identify the staging characteristics of cancer as well as gastroscopic images, greatly improve efficiency, and effectively assist physicians in the diagnosis of GC under gastroscopy.
Barreras y Soluciones: Lessons learned from integrating research‐based clinical techniques into a community agency serving low‐income Latinx immigrant families
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Cervantes Breana R. , Hecht Hannah K. , Marquez Christina M. , DePrado Rosy , Torres Gina , Robles Araceli , Chirinos Noraima , Leal Francisca , Montiel Gloria Itzel , Pedroza Melissa , Guerra Nancy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBarriers facing effective science‐to‐practice translation have led scholars to conduct early‐stage intervention research within community organizations. We describe our experiences developing a manualized parent–youth attachment‐based group therapy intervention within a community health organization dedicated to serving low‐income Latinx immigrant families, Latino Health Access (LHA), in which services are rendered by trained community workers (promotores). By conducting a qualitative analysis of interviews with all members of this academic–community partnership (research [Principal Investigator, student researchers] and community agency team members [Administrators, promotores]), we discuss the challenges and opportunities that this collaboration has generated. The results led both the research and community teams to question assumptions about the basic skills, values, and attitudes that underlie the integration of science and practice. We will share the insights that have helped to promote connection and understanding among the stakeholders and the efforts made to support the progress and successes of developing community interventions.
Evaluation of plastic deformation and prediction of thermal mechanical fatigue life of an Al–Si alloy piston for diesel engines
Authors: Li Ziliang , Li Jianxing , Zhu Ye , Guo Jinbao , Li Meng , Luo Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a three‐step prediction method was developed to predict the thermal mechanical fatigue (TMF) life of an Al–Si alloy piston: (1) establishing a relation between the plastic deformation and fatigue life under the temperature cycle of 100–350°C via a series of TMF tests of the aluminum alloy specimens; (2) computing the dangerous plastic deformation of the piston under the thermal shock condition of interest by numerical simulation; (3) estimating the life of the piston through taking the computed plastic deformation into the established relation. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction method was verified by thermal shock tests of the piston, and the prediction error is no more than 25%. The mechanism of piston cracking can be summarized as follows: the inhomogeneous plastic deformation induced higher tensile stress around primary Si particles and protrusions at the rim and then microcracks were produced at the protrusions under the dangerous tensile stress, and finally, macrocracks occurred. The life of the piston under the thermal shock load and combustion pressure is speculated to be shorter than that under the thermal shock load. Considering the effect of stress relaxation on plastic deformation, the long full‐load operation of the engine contributes to the piston cracking in T direction, while the long idling operation reduces the piston cracking tendency in T direction and increases the piston cracking tendency in F and R directions.
The poetic identity work and sisterhood of Black women becoming academics
Authors: Sobande Francesca , Wells Jaleesa Renee 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStudies highlight institutional structures that hamper the recruitment, retention, and progression of Black university students and scholars in Britain. Yet, scarce research explores the nuanced encounters of Black women who are early career (Ph.D.) researchers, facing entangled oppressions. Located in a Black feminist tradition and by drawing on two Black women's (our) accounts of co‐reflexive identity work in academia, this article addresses calls for more sociological analysis of how intersecting antiblackness and sexism impacts academic experiences. By analyzing the identity work and spirit of Black sisterhood embedded in a longitudinal postal poetic exchange that we began as doctoral students, this research examines components of collaborative, co‐reflexive, and counter‐narrative coping mechanisms between Black women in Britain in predominantly white institutions. We conceptualize dimensions of poetic co‐reflexivity and identity work at the nexus of studentship and scholarship as Black women; through a praxis‐based framework—Black women “becoming” academics.
Influence of fermentation with different lactic acid bacteria and in vitro digestion on the change of phenolic compounds in fermented kiwifruit pulps
Authors: Chen Xiao , Yuan Minlan , Wang Yuting , Zhou Yan , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermentation and gastrointestinal digestion of three kinds of fermented kiwifruit pulps with different Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei). The changes in bioactive substances (total phenolic acid, total flavonoid, vitamin C and the viable count), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity) and phenolic profiles (protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p‐coumaric acid) were detected. The result showed, compared to non‐fermented kiwifruit pulp, fermentation with LP and LA had higher content of TPA, TF and VC, as well as antioxidant capacity. Fermentation with LP and the content of protocatechualdehyde, p‐coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid were increased. However, after digestion, LP showed more effect in maintaining the content of antioxidants, antioxidant capacity and the viable count rather than LA. During digestion, the content of protocatechualdehyde and p‐coumaric acid was increased in fermented samples compared with non‐fermented samples. Overall, compared with LA and LC, LP is more suitable for the fermentation of kiwifruit pulp.
Effects of plasma‐activated water and heat moisture treatment on the properties of wheat flour and dough
Authors: Shi Miaomiao , Wang Fei , Ji Xiaolong , Yan Yizhe , Liu Yanqi 
Published: August 2021

SummaryPlasma‐activated water (PAW) production and use is an emerging technology for enhancing product safety, extending shelf‐life and quality retention, and promoting sustainable processing. At present, it has generated considerable attention for applications to starch and flour modification. This work presents an innovative approach to wheat flour (WF) modification using PAW and heat‐moisture treatment (HMT), and compares this approach with distilled water (DW) treatment. As expected, PAW and HMT promoted flour granule clustering, increasing particle size. These treatments accelerated molecular interactions between wheat starch and non‐starch components (e.g. proteins and lipids), which eventually increased resistant starch (RS) content. Addition of modified flour (30 g) to WF positively affected its rheological properties, and closely bound water content of the dough. The gluten protein network structure in the dough suffered varying degrees of damage. In conclusion, our results showed that PAW and HMT may provide a novel beneficial method for modifying wheat flour during food processing to obtain viscoelastic wheat flour products with nutritional functions.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on respiratory surveillance and explanation of high detection rate of human rhinovirus during the pandemic in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Kim Heui Man , Lee Eun Jung , Lee Nam‐Joo , Woo Sang hee , Kim Jeong‐Min , Rhee Jee Eun , Kim Eun‐Jin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAfter the detection of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in South Korea on January 20, 2019, it has triggered three major outbreaks. To decrease the disease burden of COVID‐19, social distancing and active mask wearing were encouraged, reducing the number of patients with influenza‐like illness and altering the detection rate of influenza and respiratory viruses in the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System (KINRESS). We examined the changes in respiratory viruses due to COVID‐19 in South Korea and virological causes of the high detection rate of human rhinovirus (hRV) in 2020.MethodsWe collected 52 684 oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal swab samples from patients with influenza‐like illness in cooperation with KINRESS from 2016 to 2020. Influenza virus and other respiratory viruses were confirmed using real‐time RT‐PCR. The weekly detection rate was used to compare virus detection patterns.ResultsNon‐enveloped virus (hRV, human bocavirus, and human adenovirus) detection rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic were maintained. The detection rate of hRV significantly increased in 2020 compared with that in 2019 and was negatively correlated with number of COVID‐19‐confirmed cases in 2020. The distribution of strains and genetic characteristics in hRV did not differ between 2019 and 2020.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the respiratory virus detection rate. The extremely low detection rate of enveloped viruses resulted from efforts to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 in South Korea. The high detection rate of hRV may be related to resistance against environmental conditions as a non‐enveloped virus and the long period of viral shedding from patients.
Safety and feasibility of conduction system pacing in patients with congenital heart disease
Authors: Cano Óscar , Dandamudi Gopi , Schaller Robert D. , Pérez‐Roselló Víctor , Ayala Hebert D. , Izquierdo Maite , Osca Joaquín , Sancho‐Tello María‐José , Rueda Joaquín , Ruiz Eladio , Insa Beatriz , Martínez‐Dolz Luis , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionConduction system pacing (CSP) has emerged as an ideal physiologic pacing strategy for patients with permanent pacing indications. We sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of CSP in a consecutive series of unselected patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsConsecutive patients with CHD in which CSP was attempted were included. Safety and feasibility, implant tools and electrical parameters at implant and at follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included (10 with a previous device). A total of 10 patients had complex forms of CHD, 9 moderate defects and 1 a simple defect. CSP was achieved in 75% of cases (10 His bundle pacing, 5 left bundle branch pacing) with left ventricular septal pacing in the remaining 5 patients. Procedure times and fluoroscopy times were prolongued (126 ± 82 min and 27 ± 30 min, respectively). Ventricular lead implant times widely varied ranging from 4 to 115 min, (mean 31 ± 28 min) and the use of multiple delivery sheaths was frequent (50%). The QRS width was reduced from 145 ± 36 ms at baseline to 116 ± 18 ms with CSP. Implant electrical parameters included: CSP pacing threshold 0.95 ± 0.65 V; R wave amplitude 9.2 ± 8.8 mV and pacing impedance 632 ± 183 Ohms, and remained stable at a median follow‐up of 478 days (interquartile range: 225–567). Systemic ventricle systolic function and NYHA class (1.50 ± 0.51 vs. 1.10 ± 0.31; p = .008) significantly improved at follow‐up. Lead revision was required in one patient at Day 4.ConclusionsPermanent CSP is safe and feasible in patients with CHD although implant technique is complex.