bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitor Erythromycin on the Pharmacokinetics of Palbociclib: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Molenaar‐Kuijsten Laura , Braal C. Louwrens , Groenland Stefanie L. , de Vries Niels , Rosing Hilde , Beijnen Jos H. , Koolen Stijn L.W. , Vulink Annelie J.E. , van Dongen Marloes G.J. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Steeghs Neeltje ,   the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group (DPOG)
Published: October 2021

Palbociclib is an oral inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 used in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer, and is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4). A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship between palbociclib exposure and neutropenia is well known. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of palbociclib. We performed a randomized crossover trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of palbociclib monotherapy 125 mg once daily (q.d.) with palbociclib 125 mg q.d. plus oral erythromycin 500 mg three times daily for seven days. Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed at steady‐state for both dosing schedules. Eleven evaluable patients have been enrolled. For palbociclib monotherapy, geometric mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0–24h), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) were 1.46 × 103 ng•h/mL (coefficient of variation (CV) 45.0%), 80.5 ng/mL (CV 48.5%), and 48.4 ng/mL (CV 38.8%), respectively, compared with 2.09 × 103 ng•h/mL (CV 49.3%, P = 0.000977), 115 ng/mL (CV 53.7%, P = 0.00562), and 70.7 ng/mL (CV 47.5%, P = 0.000488) when palbociclib was administered concomitantly with erythromycin. Geometric mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) of AUC0–24h, Cmax, and Cmin for palbociclib plus erythromycin vs. palbociclib monotherapy were 1.43 (1.24–1.66), 1.43 (1.20–1.69), and 1.46 (1.30–1.63). Minor differences in adverse events were observed, and only one grade ≥ 3 toxicity was observed in this short period of time. To conclude, concomitant intake of palbociclib with the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin resulted in an increase in palbociclib AUC0–24h and Cmax of both 43%. Therefore, a dose reduction of palbociclib to 75 mg q.d. is rational, when palbociclib and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors are used concomitantly.
Long‐Lived Organotypic Slice Culture Model of the Rat Basolateral Amygdala
Authors: Michaelson Sheldon D. , Müller Taylor M. , Bompolaki Maria , Miranda Tapia Ana Pamela , Villarroel Heika Silveira , Mackay James P. , Balogun Pauline J. , Urban Janice H. , Colmers William F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganotypic slice cultures (OTCs) have been employed in the laboratory since the early 1980s and have proved to be useful for the study of a number of neural systems. Our recent work focuses on the development of behavioral stress resilience induced by repeated daily injections of neuropeptide Y into the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Resilience develops over weeks, persisting to 8 weeks. To unravel the cellular mechanisms underlying neuropeptide Y–induced stress resilience we developed in vitro OTCs of the BLA. Here, we provide an optimized protocol that consistently yields viable and healthy OTCs containing the BLA and surrounding tissue using the interface method, prepared with slices taken from postnatal (P) day 14 rats. We explain key points to optimizing tissue viability and discuss mitigation or avoidance of pitfalls that can arise to aid in successful implementation of this technique. We show that principal neurons in BLA OTCs (8 weeks in vitro = equivalent postnatal day 70) develop into networks that are electrophysiologically very similar to those from acute slices obtained from older rats (P70) and respond to pharmacological treatments in a comparable way. Furthermore, we highlight how these cultures be used to further understand the molecular, cellular, and circuit‐level neuropathophysiological changes underlying stress disorders. BLA OTCs provide long‐term physiological and pharmacological results whose predictions were borne out in vivo, supporting the validity of the BLA OTC as a model to unravel BLA neurocircuitry. Recent preliminary results also support the successful application of this approach to preparing long‐lived OTCs of BLA and neocortex from mice. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Organotypic slice cultureSupport Protocol 1: Changing mediumSupport Protocol 2: Drug incubationsBasic Protocol 2: Excision of OTC slices from insertsSupport Protocol 3: Fixation of slices
Tunable Selectivity in CO2 Photo‐Thermal Reduction by Perovskite‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles
Authors: Mateo Diego , Maity Partha , Shterk Genrikh , Mohammed Omar F. , Gascon Jorge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhoto‐thermal catalysis has recently emerged as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of traditional photocatalysis. Despite its potential, most of the photo‐thermal systems still lack adequate selectivity patterns and appropriate analysis of the underlying reaction pathways, thus hampering a wide implementation. Herein, a novel photocatalyst based on Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on barium titanate (BTO) was prepared for the selective photo‐thermal reduction of CO2 and displayed catalytic rates of up to 8.2 molCO gPd−1 h−1. The photocatalyst allowed for a tailored selectivity towards CO or CH4 as a function of the metal loading or the light intensity. Mechanistic studies indicated that both thermal and non‐thermal contributions of light played a role in the overall reaction pathway, each of them being dominant upon changing reaction conditions.
Efficient hardware‐accelerated pseudoinverse computation through algorithm restructuring for parallelization in high‐level synthesis
Authors: Tan Chong Yeam , Ooi Chia Yee , Choo Hau Sim , Ismail Nordinah 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis paper describes a fast and efficient hardware‐accelerated pseudoinverse computation through algorithm restructuring and leveraging FPGA synthesis directives for parallelism prior to high‐level synthesis (HLS). The algorithm, which is composed of modified Gram–Schmidt QR decomposition (MGS‐QRD), triangular matrix inversion (TMI), and matrix multiplication (MM), is synthesized and implemented on a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA). MGS‐QRD is restructured and augmented with parallelism directives prior to synthesizing the algorithm, which yielded an MGS‐QRD hardware accelerator with high throughput. Modifications to the current TMI algorithm were also proposed, in which the removal of redundant computational tasks was done in order to speed up overall operation. Data dependencies in the MM algorithm were carefully considered such that appropriate parallelism directives were inserted, and matching the data flow of MM with MGS‐QRD and TMI modules was also performed to accelerate the pseudoinverse computation. The results showed that the proposed pseudoinverse module is better than the naïve implementation which is composed of existing MGS‐QRD, TMI and a standard MM in terms of maximum frequency (1.24× speedup), hardware resources(48% of reduction of DSP usage), latency (23% reduction), and throughput (62% increase).
Comprehensive phenotyping of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes in healthy conditions
Authors: Carsetti Rita , Terreri Sara , Conti Maria Giulia , Fernandez Salinas Ane , Corrente Francesco , Capponi Claudia , Albano Christian , Piano Mortari Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe B cell compartment provides innate and adaptive immune defenses against pathogens. Different B cell subsets, reflecting the maturation stages of B cells, have noninterchangeable functions and roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview of the B cell subsets present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. A specific gating strategy is also described to clearly and univocally identify B cell subsets based on the their phenotypic traits by flow cytometric analysis.
Understanding emerging regulation: The role of frontal electroencephalography asymmetry and negative affectivity
Authors: Campagna Allegra X. , Pham Christie N. , Gartstein Maria A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study examined frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry and negative affectivity (NA) as predictors of infant behaviors during the Still‐Face Paradigm (SFP). It was hypothesized that infants with lower NA subscale scores who also demonstrate greater left frontal activation would exhibit more frequent social engagement and self‐soothing behaviors during the SFP. Mothers reported infant temperament at 6–12 months of age (N = 62), and EEG was recorded during a baseline task and the SFP. Social engagement, distress, and self‐soothing behaviors were coded during the SFP. A three‐factor solution emerged based on exploratory factor analysis of eight infant behaviors. After considering bivariate relations, multiple regression analyses predicting the behavior factor labeled social engagement (containing vocalizations and handwaving; average factor loading = .56) were conducted separately for asymmetry and NA subscales, controlling for infant sex and age. The SFP asymmetry predicted social engagement after controlling for covariates and baseline asymmetry; however, NA subscales (falling reactivity and distress to limitations) did not uniquely explain significant variance. These findings highlight the importance of frontal EEG asymmetry in contributing to emerging social engagement and regulation in infancy. Implications include potentially utilizing asymmetry markers as screening and intervention targets in the first year of life.
Medial prefrontal brain activity correlates with emerging symptoms of anxiety and depression in late adolescence: A fNIRS study
Authors: Papasideris Mia , Ayaz Hasan , Hall Peter A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe brain undergoes dramatic changes over the course of the adolescent years, and these developmental changes are implicated in the emergence of disorders that involve negative emotionality. Late adolescence might be the window within which brain networks manifest vulnerabilities to depressive and anxiety symptomology; particularly within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which houses emotional control (dorsolateral) and emotional processing (medial) nodes. Given the comorbidity of depressive and anxious symptomology, it may be that the neural signature is similar for both within the developing PFC. In a sample of 67 adolescents (M = 15.97 years, SD = 1.36), we used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to examine the neural signature of emergent anxiety and depressive symptoms among younger and older adolescents. We further examined the extent to which neural signatures of anxiety and depressive symptoms within the PFC were similar or different. Findings revealed that self‐reported anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly correlated, and that the neural signatures of both within the PFC were similar, corresponding with the medial subregions of the PFC (i.e., those involved in evaluative processing). These findings were evident only in later adolescence, suggesting the possibility of a common vulnerability for anxiety and depressive disorders emerging around this developmental window.
Olfactory sensory and perceptual evaluation in newborn infants: A systematic review
Authors: Tristão Rosana Maria , Lauand Lucas , Costa Kassandra Silva Falcão , Brant Luiz Alberto , Fernandes Geraldo Magela , Costa Karina Nascimento , Spilski Jan , Lachmann Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFetuses are able to process olfactory stimuli present in the womb and continue to show a preference for these odors for months after birth. Despite the accumulated knowledge about their early ability to perceive odors, there is a lack of validated scales for odor response in newborns. The evaluation of reactions of the olfactory system to environmental stimuli in infants has been defined by methodological theoretical approaches of experimental and clinical assessment tools. These approaches are mainly based on psychophysical approaches and predominantly use behavioral and physiological measures. Examples can be found in studies describing early abilities of newborn babies for behaviors or heart rate variability showing memory of maternal food preferences or mother's breast milk. This systematic review aimed to determine whether validated odor assessment tools can be feasibly used in studies. Particularly in light of the current COVID‐19 pandemic and evidence of associated olfactory impairment resulting from SARS‐COV‐2 infection, the study is also motivated by the need for tools to assess olfactory function in neonates.
Fragmented landscapes affect honey bee colony strength at diverse spatial scales in agroecological landscapes in Kenya
Authors: Ochungo Pamela , Veldtman Ruan , Abdel‐Rahman Elfatih M. , Muli Elliud , Ng'ang'a James , Tonnang Henry E. Z. , Landmann Tobias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLandscape fragmentation and habitat loss at multiple scales directly affect species abundance, diversity, and productivity. There is a paucity of information about the effect of the landscape structure and diversity on honey bee colony strength in Africa. Here, we present new insights into the relationship between landscape metrics such as patch size, shape, connectivity, composition, and configuration and honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength characteristics. Remote‐sensing‐based landscape variables were linked to honey bee colony strength variables in a typical highly fragmented smallholder agroecological region in Kenya. We examined colonies in six sites with varying degrees of land degradation during the period from 2017 to 2018. Landscape structure was first mapped using medium resolution bitemporal Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery with an optimized random forest model. The influence of the surrounding landscape matrix was then constrained to two buffer distances, i.e., 1 km representing the local foraging scale and 2.5 km representing the wider foraging scale around each investigated apiary and for each of the six sites. The results of zero‐inflated negative binomial regression with mixed effects showed that lower complexity of patch geometries represented by fractal dimension and reduced proportions of croplands were most influential at local foraging scales (1 km) from the apiary. In addition, higher proportions of woody vegetation and hedges resulted in higher colony strength at longer distances from the apiary (2.5 km). Honey bees in moderately degraded landscapes demonstrated the most consistently strong colonies throughout the study period. Efforts towards improving beekeeper livelihoods, through higher hive productivity, should target moderately degraded and heterogeneous landscapes, which provide forage from diverse land covers.
Fast plants have water‐use and drought strategies that balance rainfall retention and drought survival on green roofs
Authors: Chu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Farrell Claire 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGreen roofs can improve ecosystem services in cities; however, this depends on appropriate plant selection. For stormwater management, plants should have high water use to maximize retention and also survive dry periods. Plants adapted to wetter habitats develop “fast” traits for growth, whereas plants from drier habitats develop “slow” traits to conserve water use and survive drought. Therefore, we hypothesized that (1) plants with fast traits would have greater water use, (2) plants with slow traits would have greater drought tolerance, (3) fast‐slow traits would be consistent across the plant, and (4) fast plants with greater water use could avoid drought stress. We evaluated 14 green roof species in a glasshouse experiment under well‐watered (WW) and water‐deficit (WD) conditions to determine relationships between fast‐slow traits, water use, and drought resistance. Traits measured were shoot dry mass, specific leaf area (SLA), root mass fraction (RMF), and specific root length (SRL). Daily evapotranspiration per shoot dry mass was used to describe water use. Drought resistance was represented by (1) days to stomatal closure; (2) cumulative ET before stomatal closure; and (3) degree of iso‐anisohydry (difference between midday leaf water potential (ΨMD) of WW and WD plants; ΔΨMD). Plants with greater water use had fast aboveground traits (greater shoot biomass and SLA). Plants with slow traits had greater drought tolerance as plants with lower shoot dry mass closed their stomata later under WD, and plants with greater root allocation were more anisohydric. Fast‐slow traits were not consistent across the plant. Although SLA and SRL were positively related, SRL was not related to water use or drought resistance. Shoot dry mass was inversely related to SLA and had a stronger influence on stomatal closure. Though plants with greater water use under well‐watered conditions closed their stomates earlier to avoid drought stress, they were not more isohydric (smaller ∆ΨMD) and did not necessarily use more water under WD. Fast aboveground traits can be used to select green roof plants with high water use that avoid drought stress to optimize rainfall retention without jeopardizing drought survival. This will facilitate rapid plant selection using trait information from online databases.
A comparative analysis of spider prey spectra analyzed through the next‐generation sequencing of individual and mixed DNA samples
Authors: Yang Tingbang , Song Xuhao , Xu Xiaoqin , Zhou Caiquan , Shi Aimin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs one of the most abundant predators of insects in terrestrial ecosystems, spiders have long received much attention from agricultural scientists and ecologists. Do spiders have a certain controlling effect on the main insect pests of concern in farmland ecosystems? Answering this question requires us to fully understand the prey spectrum of spiders. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been successfully employed to analyze spider prey spectra. However, the high sequencing costs make it difficult to analyze the prey spectrum of various spider species with large samples in a given farmland ecosystem. We performed a comparative analysis of the prey spectra of Ovia alboannulata (Araneae, Lycosidae) using NGS with individual and mixed DNA samples to demonstrate which treatment was better for determining the spider prey spectra in the field. We collected spider individuals from tea plantations, and two treatments were then carried out: (1) The DNA was extracted from the spiders individually and then sequenced separately (DESISS) and (2) the DNA was extracted from the spiders individually and then mixed and sequenced (DESIMS). The results showed that the number of prey families obtained by the DESISS treatment was approximately twice that obtained by the DESIMS treatment. Therefore, the DESIMS treatment greatly underestimated the prey composition of the spiders, although its sequencing costs were obviously lower. However, the relative abundance of prey sequences detected in the two treatments was slightly different only at the family level. Therefore, we concluded that if our purpose were to obtain the most accurate prey spectrum of the spiders, the DESISS treatment would be the best choice. However, if our purpose were to obtain only the relative abundance of prey sequences of the spiders, the DESIMS treatment would also be an option. The present study provides an important reference for choosing applicable methods to analyze the prey spectra and food web compositions of animal in ecosystems.
Negative carry‐over effects on larval thermal tolerances across a natural thermal gradient
Authors: Waite Heidi R. , Sorte Cascade J. B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUnder climate change, marine organisms will need to tolerate or adapt to increasing temperatures to persist. The ability of populations to cope with thermal stress may be influenced by conditions experienced by parents, by both genetic changes and transgenerational phenotypic plasticity through epigenetics or maternal provisioning. In organisms with complex life cycles, larval stages are particularly vulnerable to stress. Positive parental carry‐over effects occur if more stressful parental environments yield more tolerant offspring while the opposite pattern leads to negative carry‐over effects. This study evaluated the role of parental effects in determining larval thermal tolerances for the intertidal mussel,Mytilus californianus. We tested whether thermal environments across a natural gradient (shoreline elevation) impacted mussel temperature tolerances. Lethal thermal limits were compared for field‐collected adults and their larvae. We observed parental effects across one generation, in which adult mussels exposed to warmer habitats yielded less tolerant offspring. Interestingly, although parental environments influenced offspring tolerances, we found no clear effects of habitat conditions on adult phenotypes (tolerances). We found indicators of trade‐offs in energy investment, with higher reproductive condition and larger egg diameters in low stress environments. These results suggest that parental effects are negative, leading to possible adverse effects of thermal stress on the next generation.
Visual map of power transmission of magnetically coupled wireless power transfer system based on independent analysis of transmitter and receiver sides
Authors: Takeda Kodai , Koseki Takafumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has recently garnered significant attention owing to its advantages of removing wire and mitigating charging concerns. In a conventional resonance‐based compensation circuit design, the power transmission characteristics strongly depend on the coupling condition of the transmitter and receiver coils. Therefore, some non‐resonance‐based designs have been proposed. However, they are complicated and lack the resonance condition; therefore, circuit designers cannot comprehensively understand their power transmission characteristics. This study proposes a visualization method for the power transmission characteristics based on a divided analysis of WPT systems. The proposed visual map, which consists of simple circles and lines, can help in intuitively understanding the tendency of WPT and evaluate the transmission power of the compensation circuits, including the non‐resonance condition. The tendency obtained from the visual map was validated via numerical simulations and experiments. The experimental results were significantly consistent with the intuitively estimated tendency and the evaluated power transmission.