bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchy-based semantic embeddings for single-valued & multi-valued categorical variables
Authors: Mumtaz Summaya , Giese Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn low-resource domains, it is challenging to achieve good performance using existing machine learning methods due to a lack of training data and mixed data types (numeric and categorical). In particular, categorical variables with high cardinality pose a challenge to machine learning tasks such as classification and regression because training requires sufficiently many data points for the possible values of each variable. Since interpolation is not possible, nothing can be learned for values not seen in the training set. This paper presents a method that uses prior knowledge of the application domain to support machine learning in cases with insufficient data. We propose to address this challenge by using embeddings for categorical variables that are based on an explicit representation of domain knowledge (KR), namely a hierarchy of concepts. Our approach is to 1. define a semantic similarity measure between categories, based on the hierarchy—we propose a purely hierarchy-based measure, but other similarity measures from the literature can be used—and 2. use that similarity measure to define a modified one-hot encoding. We propose two embedding schemes for single-valued and multi-valued categorical data. We perform experiments on three different use cases. We first compare existing similarity approaches with our approach on a word pair similarity use case. This is followed by creating word embeddings using different similarity approaches. A comparison with existing methods such as Google, Word2Vec and GloVe embeddings on several benchmarks shows better performance on concept categorisation tasks when using knowledge-based embeddings. The third use case uses a medical dataset to compare the performance of semantic-based embeddings and standard binary encodings. Significant improvement in performance of the downstream classification tasks is achieved by using semantic information.
Anymatrix: an extensible MATLAB matrix collection
Authors: Higham Nicholas J. , Mikaitis Mantas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnymatrix is a MATLAB toolbox that provides an extensible collection of matrices with the ability to search the collection by matrix properties. Each matrix is implemented as a MATLAB function and the matrices are arranged in groups. Compared with previous collections, Anymatrix offers three novel features. First, it allows a user to share a collection of matrices by putting them in a group, annotating them with properties, and placing the group on a public repository, for example on GitHub; the group can then be incorporated into another user’s local Anymatrix installation. Second, it provides a tool to search for matrices by their properties, with Boolean expressions supported. Third, it provides organization into sets, which are subsets of matrices from the whole collection appended with notes, which facilitate reproducible experiments. Anymatrix comes with 146 built-in matrices organized into 7 groups with 49 recognized properties. The authors continue to extend the collection and welcome contributions from the community.
Influence of Aluminum and Molybdenum on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Thermally Sprayed High-Entropy Alloy Coatings
Authors: Löbel Martin , Lindner Thomas , Grimm Maximilian , Rymer Lisa-Marie , Lampke Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown a wide range of promising structural and functional properties. By the application of coating technology, an economical exploitation can be achieved. The high wear and corrosion resistance of HEAs make them particularly interesting for the application as protective coatings. Especially for alloys with a high chromium content, a high corrosion resistance has been revealed. For the current investigations, the equimolar HEA CrFeCoNi with a single-phase face centered cubic structure is considered as a base alloy system. To increase the corrosion resistance as well as the hardness and strength, the influence of the alloying elements aluminum and molybdenum is analyzed. For the current investigations, the high kinetic process high-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying (HVOF) has been considered to produce coatings with a low porosity and oxide content. Feedstock is produced by inert gas atomization. The influence of the alloy composition on the microstructure, phase formation and resulting property profile is studied in detail. A detailed analysis of the corrosion resistance and underlying mechanisms is conducted. The pitting and passivation behavior are investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements in NaCl and H2SO4 electrolyte. A distinct improvement of the corrosion resistance can be achieved for the alloy Al0.3CrFeCoNiMo0.2.
Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane evacuation
Authors: Huang Wenrui , Yin Kai , Ghorbanzadeh Mahyar , Ozguven Eren , Xu Sudong , Vijayan Linoj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn integrated storm surge modeling and traffic analysis were conducted in this study to assess the effectiveness of hurricane evacuations through a case study of Hurricane Irma. The Category 5 hurricane in 2017 caused a record evacuation with an estimated 6.8 million people relocating statewide in Florida. The Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model was applied to simulate storm tides during the hurricane event. Model validations indicated that simulated pressures, winds, and storm surge compared well with observations. Model simulated storm tides and winds were used to estimate the area affected by Hurricane Irma. Results showed that the storm surge and strong wind mainly affected coastal counties in south-west Florida. Only moderate storm tides (maximum about 2.5 m) and maximum wind speed about 115 mph were shown in both model simulations and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) post-hurricane assessment near the area of hurricane landfall. Storm surges did not rise to the 100-year flood elevation level. The maximum wind was much below the design wind speed of 150–170 mph (Category 5) as defined in Florida Building Code (FBC) for south Florida coastal areas. Compared with the total population of about 2.25 million in the six coastal counties affected by storm surge and Category 1–3 wind, the statewide evacuation of approximately 6.8 million people was found to be an over-evacuation due mainly to the uncertainty of hurricane path, which shifted from south-east to south-west Florida. The uncertainty of hurricane tracks made it difficult to predict the appropriate storm surge inundation zone for evacuation. Traffic data were used to analyze the evacuation traffic patterns. In south-east Florida, evacuation traffic started 4 days before the hurricane’s arrival. However, the hurricane path shifted and eventually landed in south-west Florida, which caused a high level of evacuation traffic in south-west Florida. Over-evacuation caused Evacuation Traffic Index (ETI) to increase to 200% above normal conditions in some sections of highways, which reduced the effectiveness of evacuation. Results from this study show that evacuation efficiency can be improved in the future by more accurate hurricane forecasting, better public awareness of real-time storm surge and wind as well as integrated storm surge and evacuation modeling for quick response to the uncertainty of hurricane forecasting.
Childhood traumatic events and the dopaminergic theory of psychosis: A mini-review of studies investigating gene – environment interactions
Authors: Frydecka Dorota , Hamza Eid Abo , Helal Ahmed , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is great body of evidence showing a relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis onset. Genetic factors moderate the association between childhood adversity and psychosis risk potentially by influencing biological and/or psychological reaction following exposure to adversity. In this review, we discuss studies identifying the specific genetic variants known to affect dopamine levels involved in this interaction. Our review shows that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), AKT1 gene play a key role in mediating the relationship between childhood adversity and development of psychosis. We have also found conflicting findings on the impact of dopamine genes on the relationship between childhood adversity and development of psychosis, suggesting that other genetic and environmental factors should be taken into account. We here discuss the implications of our findings and future directions.
Comparison of Poisson structures on moduli spaces
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Bottacin Francesco , Gómez Tomás L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet X be a complex irreducible smooth projective curve, and let $${{\mathbb {L}}}$$
L
be an algebraic line bundle on X with a nonzero section $$\sigma _0$$

σ
0

. Let $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
denote the moduli space of stable Hitchin pairs $$(E,\, \theta )$$

(
E
,

θ
)

, where E is an algebraic vector bundle on X of fixed rank r and degree $$\delta $$
δ
, and $$\theta \, \in \, H^0(X,\, {\mathcal {E}nd}(E)\otimes K_X\otimes {{\mathbb {L}}})$$

θ

∈

H
0

(
X
,

E
n
d

(
E
)

⊗

K
X

⊗
L
)

. Associating to every stable Hitchin pair its spectral data, an isomorphism of $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
with a moduli space $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
of stable sheaves of pure dimension one on the total space of $$K_X\otimes {{\mathbb {L}}}$$

K
X

⊗
L

is obtained. Both the moduli spaces $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
and $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
are equipped with algebraic Poisson structures, which are constructed using $$\sigma _0$$

σ
0

. Here we prove that the above isomorphism between $${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
and $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
preserves the Poisson structures.
Assessment of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis practice in medical-surgical adult ICU: A cross sectional study
Authors: Kiflie Alemnesh Molla , Mersha Abraham Tarekegn , Workie Misganaw Mengie , Admass Biruk Adie 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition in which blood clots develop in the deep veins, especially in the lower limb veins. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients have a greater risk of thrombotic events due to additional risk factors such as immobilization, mechanical ventilation, and central catheters. In medical-surgical critically ill patients, the occurrence of symptomatic or asymptomatic DVT without thromboprophylaxis is 13–31%.

Objective:
To assess the practice of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in medical-surgical adult ICU.

Methods:
All consecutive critically ill patients in ICU from January 10, 2021, to Jun 9, 2021, were included in the study. Data were collected using reviewing the patient chart and interviewing the responsible body in ICU including the residents and nurses. The same patient was not included twice within the same cycle, or in the second cycle, if he/she was still in the ICU at the time of the second cycle excluded by observing previous patient ID. The data was processed and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2010.

Result:
A total of 90 surgical-medical ICU patients were observed. All of the patients in the sample were receiving some form of VTE prophylaxis (100%), but none of them (0%) had the risk stratification documented in the chart.

Conclusion:
and recommendations: It's critical to emphasize the importance of VTE risk stratification documentation in patients' charts. We recommend that the ICU staffs to follow a specific protocol for VTE risk stratification and prophylaxis dosing based on well-known guidelines and recommendations and that once that protocol is implemented, an awareness and education campaign be applied.

Highlights
Review of Aboriginal astronomy and navigation: A Western Australian focus
Authors: Forster Patricia A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis review of Aboriginal astronomy and navigation brings together accounts from widely dispersed places in Western Australia, from Noongar Country in the south-west, through to the Eastern Goldfields, the Pilbara, the Kimberley and the Central Deserts. Information for this review has been taken from the literature and non-conventional sources, including artist statements of paintings. The intention for the review is that the scope is traditional, pre-European settlement understandings, but post-settlement records of oral accounts, and later articulation by Aboriginal peoples, are necessarily relied upon. In large part, the Western Australian accounts reflect understandings reported for other states. For example, star maps were used for teaching routes on the ground, but available accounts do not evidence that star maps were used in real-time navigation. The narratives or dreamings that differ most from those of other states explain creation of night-sky objects and landforms on Earth, events including thunder, or they address social behaviour.
Females restrict the position of domatia and suffer more herbivory than hermaphrodites inMyriocarpa longipes,a neotropical facultative myrmecophyte
Authors: Sandoval-Molina Mario A. , Lugo-García Bernardo Rafael , Mendoza-Mendoza Alan Daniel , Janczur Mariusz Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDomatia are hollow structures in plants occupied by ant colonies, in turn ants provide protection against herbivores. In plants, competition for resources has driven sex-related changes in the patterns of resource allocation to life-history traits and defence traits. The resource-competition hypothesis (RCH) proposes that female plants due to their higher investment in reproduction will allocate fewer resources to defence production, showing greater herbivore damage than other sexual forms. We hypothesise the existence of sex-related differences in defensive traits of domatia-bearing plants, being female plants less defended due to differences in domatia traits, such as size, number of domatia and their position, exhibiting more herbivore damage than hermaphrodite plants ofMyriocarpa longipes, a facultative neotropical myrmecophyte. We found eight species of ants inhabiting domatia; some species co-inhabited the same plant, even the same branch. Our results are consistent with the predictions of RCH, as female plants had ant-inhabited domatia restricted to the middle position of their branches and exhibited greater herbivore damage in leaves than hermaphrodites. However, we did not find differences in domatia size and leaf area between sexual forms. Our study provides evidence for intersexual differences in domatia position and herbivory in a facultative ant–plant mutualism inM. longipes.We highlight the importance of considering the plant sex in ant–plant interactions. Differences in resource allocation related to sexual reproduction could influence the outcome of ant–plant interactions.
A real-time predictive software prototype for simulating urban-scale energy consumption based on surrogate models
Authors: Rahimian Mina , Duarte Jose Pinto , Iulo Lisa Domenica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of an experimental software prototype that uses surrogate models for predicting the monthly energy consumption of urban-scale community design scenarios in real time. The surrogate models were prepared by training artificial neural networks on datasets of urban form and monthly energy consumption values of all zip codes in San Diego county. The surrogate models were then used as the simulation engine of a generative urban design tool, which generates hypothetical communities in San Diego following the county's existing urban typologies and then estimates the monthly energy consumption value of each generated design option. This paper and developed software prototype is part of a larger research project that evaluates the energy performance of community microgrids via their urban spatial configurations. This prototype takes the first step in introducing a new set of tools for architects and urban designers with the goal of engaging them in the development process of community microgrids.
Parsing between- and within-person effects: Longitudinal associations between irritability and internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence
Authors: Chad-Friedman Emma , Galano Maria M. , Lemay Edward P. , Olino Thomas M. , Klein Daniel N. , Dougherty Lea R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroduction:This report examines between- and within-person associations between youth irritability and concurrent and prospective internalizing and externalizing symptoms from early childhood through adolescence. Distinguishing between- and within-person longitudinal associations may yield distinct, clinically relevant information about pathways to multifinality from childhood irritability.Methods:Children’s irritability and co-occurring symptoms were assessed across five waves between ages 3 and 15 years using the mother-reported Child Behavior Checklist (N = 605, 46% female). Parental history of depressive disorders was assessed with a clinical interview.Results:Results demonstrated that between- and within-person irritability were uniquely associated with concurrent depressive, anxiety, and defiance symptoms, but not ADHD. Prior wave within-person irritability also predicted next wave depressive, anxiety, and defiance symptoms, controlling for prior symptoms; these prospective associations were bidirectional. Child sex and parental depressive disorders moderated associations.Discussions:Findings identify pathways from within- and between-person irritability to later internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Results demonstrate the importance of parsing within- and between-person effects to understand nuanced relations among symptoms over childhood.
Compact, flexible and highly selective wideband complementary FSS with high angular stability
Authors: Coomar Srimita , Mondal Santanu , Sanyal Rajarshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel miniaturized (0.105λ0 × 0.105λ0) flexible complementary frequency selective surfaces (CFSS) structure with sharp band edge selectivity and very high angular stability. To explore two diverse applications as a passband and stopband filter, a novel complementary convoluted square loop (CCSL) type structure has been designed and investigated on ultrathin dielectric material of thickness 0.0023λ0. The second-order wide controllable passband with fractional bandwidth of 19.23% (−3 dB) and remarkably wide stopband of 64.7% (−10 dB) and 54.8% (−20 dB) respectively have been achieved by using a cascaded resonating structure which is composed of asymmetrical meandered CCSL array, arranged on two ultrathin dielectric layers with air foam separation. This particular format would lead to sharp band edge selectivity with steep roll-off (72.43 dB/GHz) and an excellent passband selectivity factor (0.731). An equivalent lumped LC circuit in conjunction with the transmission line model has also been adopted to comprehend the physical mechanism of the proposed single layer and double layer structures. Further, better passband and stopband angular stability at an oblique incident angle of 45° and the bending characteristics have also been investigated thoroughly for the proposed flexible CFSS to check their employability in different conformal structures with WiMAX passband and WLAN stopband application.
Modeling the Occurrence of M ∼ 5 Caldera Collapse‐Related Earthquakes in Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i
Authors: Llenos Andrea L. , Michael Andrew J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse, M ∼ 5 caldera collapse earthquakes occurred almost daily from mid‐May until the beginning of August. While caldera collapses happen infrequently, the collapse‐related seismicity damaged nearby structures, and so these events should be included in a complete seismic hazard assessment. Here, we present an approach to forecast the seismic hazard of the collapse earthquakes. We model their occurrence by combining a Poisson distribution for the number of collapses with a negative binomial for the number of earthquakes in a collapse, based on observations at Kīlauea. This rate model is then combined with a ground motion model to assess the seismic hazard posed by caldera collapse events. The rate model is non‐Poisson but a Poisson model is adequate for low exceedance probabilities (e.g., <10% in 50 years). This approach could be generalized to model the hazard from earthquakes triggered by other underlying processes.
3D Joint Inversion of Scanning Magnetic Microscopy Data
Authors: Pastore Z. , Lelievre P. , McEnroe S. A. , Church N. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScanning magnetic microscopy (SMM) is a modern magnetometry technique that maps the magnetic anomalies resulting from small‐scale variations of remanent magnetization within a sample. This information is vital to understand the origin of rock behavior in laboratory experiments and in larger scale magnetic surveys. To quantify the fine‐scale remanent magnetization, we used 3D magnetic vector inversion to jointly invert SMM data collected both above and below a 5 mm‐thick norite sample from the Bjerkreim‐Sokndal layered intrusion in South Norway. The sample is from an area with a striking remanent aeromagnetic anomaly which shows a minimum of −13,000 nT below background in the high‐resolution helicopter survey. Inversion results confirm bulk remanent magnetization measurements with calculated median magnetization intensities between 79 and 106 A/m and a strong preferred magnetization direction perpendicular to the slab plane. Furthermore, results indicate that the main source of natural remanent magnetization is in the pyroxenes.
Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning and Near‐Surface Fire Weather Control Wildfire Occurrence in Arctic Tundra
Authors: He Jiaying , Loboda Tatiana V. , Chen Dong , French Nancy H. F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWildfire is a dominant disturbance agent in pan‐Arctic tundra and can significantly impact terrestrial carbon balance and ecosystem functioning. Interactions between fire and climate change can enhance their impacts on the Arctic. However, the driving mechanisms of tundra fire occurrence remain poorly understood. This study focuses on identifying key environmental factors controlling fire occurrence in Arctic tundra of Alaska. Our random forest models, considering ignition source, fuel, fire weather, and topography, have shown a strong predictive capability with an overall accuracy above 91%. We found cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning to be the dominant driver controlling tundra fire occurrence. Near‐surface weather warmer and drier than normal was required to support burning, while fuel composition and topography have modest correlations with fire occurrence. Our results highlight the critical role of CG lightning in driving tundra fires and that incorporating lightning in modeling is essential for fire monitoring, forecasting, and management in the Arctic.