bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy Generation and Impacts of Activation Energy with Electroosmosis of Couple Stresses on the Peristaltic Transport of Bingham Blood Nanofluid
Authors: Mostapha Doaa R. , Nabil T. M. El‑dabe , Abbas W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this theoretical paper, an analysis is undertaken to explore the peristaltic transition of a non-Newtonian Bingham nanofluid within a non-uniform microchannel oriented horizontally. This inquiry investigates the entropy generation arising from the flow of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and the accompanying heat transport. This theoretical investigation addresses the behavior of an electrically conductive fluid influenced by electroosmotic flow, incorporating the effects of couple stresses and Darcy law with a heat generation scheme. To bolster the robustness of the study, an activation energy term is incorporated into the nanoparticle concentration using both a modified Arrhenius model and a Buongiorno-type approach. The assumptions of long wavelengths and low Reynolds numbers are applied to change the complex equations that describe fluid motion into ordinary ones. The homotopy perturbation mechanism is utilized to solve the derived neutralized equations. The findings reveal that the critical velocity escalates with an augmentation in both the electroosmotic parameter and the regularization parameter. Moreover, the elevation of the heat absorption parameter and thermophoresis contributes to the augmentation of the temperature profile. Additionally, it is noted that an augmentation in the activation energy parameter has a positive impact on the concentration approach. This consideration recognizes broad applicability in both clinical and industrial settings. This research is beneficial in micro-fabrication mechanisms, reservoir engineering, and the chemical industry, where electro-osmotic energy and mass exchanges play a crucial role.
Mitigating drying shrinkage and efflorescence in high strength alkali-activated materials through steam curing
Authors: Zou Shuai , Xu Bowen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe manufacturing of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) significantly contributes to global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, necessitating the exploration of alternative binders like alkali-activated materials (AAM). Despite its environmental benefits, AAM generally faces challenges such as drying shrinkage and efflorescence, limiting its industrial application. This study focuses on investigating the impact of steam curing on addressing these challenges in high strength slag-based AAM. The results indicates that high strength AAM can be developed by carefully optimizing the activator-to-binder and water-to-binder ratios, and incorporating steam curing. Specifically, a compressive strength of 112.4 MPa was achieved after one day of steam curing, compared to 100.8 MPa after 28 days of standard curing. This demonstrates the ability of steam curing to accelerate strength development of AAM. Furthermore, steam curing proved to be highly effective in reducing drying shrinkage, which was decreased from 17 351 microstrains to 1 440 microstrains. This reduction aligns the shrinkage levels of AAM with those of OPC, addressing a major limitation of AAM. This study also found that efflorescence was notably mitigated, with a significant reduction observed after a 24-hour steam curing period. These findings highlight steam curing as a cost- effective and practical-effective method in improving the performance of AAM. By addressing the key challenges, steam curing facilitates the broader adoption of AAM in sustainable construction practices.
Smart organic crystalline materials based on photo-induced topochemistry
Authors: Song Yuhui , Zhang Xiaomin , Ning Lijian , Zhou Qian , Feng Jinkun , Wang Yanli , Gong Qiuyu , Huang Yinjuan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPresponsive smart organic crystalline materials (SOCMs) have emerged as an attractive research topic because of their many advantages, such as well-defined structures, high structural order, and the resulting fast response speeds, as well as high energy conversion efficiency and remarkable dynamic optical/electronic changes or mechanical responses. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in SOCMs based on topochemistry beyond coordination compounds, which include [2 + 2] or [4 + 4] photocycloaddition of anthracene and olefin derivatives as well as 1, 4-addition-polymerization of diacetylenes. The detailed design principles and mechanisms associated with smart behavior, photoresponsive physical and chemical properties (i.e., photochromism, photo fluorochromism, and photodeformation), and structure–property relationships are discussed, along with their advanced applications in exciting fields such as intelligent microrobots, encryption, sensors, photoactuators, data storage, and displays. Finally, we summarize the current developments and discuss the major current challenges and future opportunities in this field. We expect that this review will inspire more innovative research into the development of advanced photoresponsive organic smart crystal materials with fast, accurate, and reversible responses, and promote the further development of smart materials and devices.
Research on the mechanism and prediction model of gas leakage and diffusion from shallow-buried natural gas pipelines
Authors: Yue Chengjun , Lu Ping , Zhu Jinjin , Guan Shaokun , Yang Kun , Xu Yan , Chen Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs a crucial component of urban lifeline projects, shallow-buried gas pipelines pose a significant threat to society and people's lives, as well as property in the event of a leakage accident. To investigate the diffusion mechanism of gas leakage out of pipelines, the CFD method is employed to establish a validated numerical model for gas diffusion in backfilled soil. The effects of operating pressure, burial depth, leakage direction of pipelines, and soil resistance coefficient were discussed. The calculated results indicate that the numerical model can accurately predicte the diffusion process and the resistance coefficient of methane in soil-sand, loam, and clay-based. It was found that the burial depth affects the speed of gas diffusion to the soil surface but has little impacts on the concentration distribution range. The diffusion process in the same type of backfilled soil was found very similar under varying pipeline operating pressures, though the pipeline pressure significantly impacts the diffusion range. The shape of the leaked gas cloud in the soil is affected by soil resistance, leak direction, and air buoyancy. A new diffusion model for methane leaking in soil was proposed by introducing two time-related concentration adjustment parameters to the existing natural gas diffusion model. The average error between the calculated results of the proposed diffusion model and the established numerical model was found to be within 10%.
Mechanism of therapeutic action of Folium Artemisiae Argyi on Neuropathic pain based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
Authors: Deng Jun , Li Jun , Azhar Muhammad , Huang Xian-Ju , Cui Qin-Dan , Dai Jia-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To elucidate the mechanism of therapeutic action of Folium Artemisiae Argyi (FAA) on Neuropathic Pain (NP) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification.

Methods
The components of the FAA were screened from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database (TCMSP) and predicted their targets of action in the Swiss Target Predication platform. Then, retrieving the NP targets from Genecards and other disease databases. Thereby, the common targets of the medicine and the disease were screened out by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, and the STRING database was used for Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment by DAVID database, and pathway analysis was done using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to identify core targets, further we performed the molecular docking to obtain the binding efficiency between the components and the targets of proteins. After that, NP modeling of BV2 cells induced by ATP was established to detect the protective effect of the four key components. The effectiveness of the results was further verified by in vitro experiments.

Results
The result showed that Chlorogenic Acid (CGA), Eupatilin (EUP), Ethyl Oleate (EO) and Ethyl Linoleate (ELO) are the key components dedicated to its neuroprotective effect. The neuroprotective mechanism may be related to AKT1, PIK3CA, JAK1, P2X4, P2X7 and other targets enriched in PI3K-Akt pathway. CGA, EUP, EO and ELO were able to protect against neurological damage caused by ATP, downgraded the activated P2X receptors and the above approach may be its protection mechanism.

Conclusion
The potential targets and biological effects of FAA in the treatment of NP were predicted in this study. The P2X receptor and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may be key targets of FAA on ATP-induced NP cells.
Two stackelberg games in life insurance: Mean-variance criterion
Authors: Liang Xiaoqing , Young Virginia R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe study two continuous-time Stackelberg games between a life insurance buyer and seller over a random time horizon. The buyer invests in a risky asset and purchases life insurance, and she maximizes a mean-variance criterion applied to her wealth at death. The seller chooses the insurance premium rate to maximize its expected wealth at the buyer’s random time of death. We consider two life insurance games: one with term life insurance and the other with whole life insurance—the latter with pre-commitment of the constant investment strategy. In the term life insurance game, the buyer chooses her life insurance death benefit and investment strategy continuously from a time-consistent perspective. We find the buyer’s equilibrium control strategy explicitly, along with her value function, for the term life insurance game by solving the extended Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations. By contrast, in the whole life insurance game, the buyer pre-commits to a constant life insurance death benefit and a constant amount to invest in the risky asset. To solve the whole life insurance problem, we first obtain the buyer’s objective function and then we maximize that objective function over constant controls. Under both models, the seller maximizes its expected wealth at the buyer’s time of death, and we use the resulting optimal life insurance premia to find the Stackelberg equilibria of the two life insurance games. We also analyze the effects of the parameters on the Stackelberg equilibria, and we present some numerical examples to illustrate our results.
The age-productivity profile: long-run evidence from Italian regions
Authors: Barbiellini Amidei Federico , Gomellini Matteo , Incoronato Lorenzo , Piselli Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of demographic shifts on labor productivity by leveraging variation in the age structure of Italian regions. These effects are analyzed along a first channel – the direct relation between population age and productivity – and a second channel capturing the productivity implications of a more or less dispersed age distribution. We propose an estimation framework that relates regional productivity to the entire age distribution of the working-age population and use instrumental variable techniques to address endogeneity issues. The estimates yield a hump-shaped age-productivity profile peaking between 35 and 40 years. We also document non-linear effects of regional age dispersion on productivity.
Vaccine Intention, Uptake, and Hesitancy Among US Certified Food Producers: The National COVID-19 Organic Farmer Study
Authors: Soto Mas Francisco , Zhao Shixi , Ji Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To estimate COVID-19 vaccine intention, uptake, and hesitancy among essential workers.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of USDA-certified organic producers. An electronic survey was used for data collection. Analyses included descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and ordinal logistic regressions.

Results
The dataset consisted of 273 records. While 63% of respondents had received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine, only 17% had the recommended minimum of 2 doses. More than two-thirds of unvaccinated individuals indicated no plan to receive the vaccine, and limited perception of vaccine necessity. They indicated concerns about side effects and a distrust of the vaccines and the government. Age, education level, acreage, region, and health insurance status were variables significantly associated with the number of doses of vaccine received.

Conclusions
Interventions to encourage vaccination may target farmers who are less educated, live alone or just with one other person, lack health insurance, and run larger farms. Results also suggest focusing on enhancing trust in science and the government. Theory-based approaches that address low perception of risk and severity may be more likely to be effective with this population. Information on how US organic producers handled the COVID-19 pandemic is critical for emergency preparedness and food system stability.
The UK Ministry of Defence and the transition to ‘low-carbon warfare’: A multilevel perspective on military change
Authors: Depledge Duncan , Santos Tamiris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Retaining operational effectiveness in a low-carbon world will require military innovation and change. Indeed, there has been growing acknowledgement within some defence ministries that as the world decarbonises a military energy transition is essential. In this paper, we illustrate how calls for a military energy transition have gained renewed traction within the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) since 2018. Empirically, we draw on semi-structured interviews with 46 officials and armed forces personnel, conducted by the authors between June and October 2023. To structure our analysis, we adopt a multilevel perspective (MLP) from the field of Sustainability Transitions. Combining the MLP with insights from the literature on military innovation, we shed light on the ways proponents of ‘low-carbon warfare’ have challenged the ‘high-carbon’ sociotechnical regime that currently dominates the MoD. We also explain why more rapid and disruptive change has been stymied. By centring attention on the extent of ‘alignment’ between internal and external sources of change, our MLP makes a valuable contribution to understanding why the struggle for military change often unfolds in non-linear ways.
The social contract between the state and the citizen-migrant: EU free movement under a cosmopolitan statist lens
Authors: Strumia Francesca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow does EU free movement alter the role of the sovereign state? While this question may not sound new, this Article addresses it from a novel angle. If from the perspective of host Member States free movement upgrades a class of migrants to the status of ‘migrant citizens’, from the perspective of home Member States free movement instead splits the class of the citizens into citizen–settlers and citizen–migrants. The Article explores how the social contract between the state and the citizen is rewritten in the wake of this latter transformation. It articulates the duty of the states as agents for the citizen–migrants. It flashes out the implications for the relation between citizen–migrants and citizen–settlers. And it points to the partly reflexive nature of duties of states and citizens towards non-citizen migrants. It thus ultimately sheds light on how free movement prompts the sovereign state to embrace cosmopolitan obligations towards others ‘from within’, as an indirect effect of advancing the transnational interests of the citizen–migrants. The findings ultimately add to the cosmopolitan statist vision of European integration, while also rephrasing some of the questions of solidarity, non-discrimination and participation that remain unanswered in the literature on Union citizenship and free movement.
High-flux angularly uniform proton beams from multiple laser interaction with wire-hemisphere targets
Authors: Jiang Xiangrui , Zou Debin , Yu Mingyang , Zhao Na , Hu Lixiang , Ouyang Jianming , Shao Fuqiu , Tang Wenhui , Yu Tongpu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A scheme for generating high-flux angularly uniform proton beams with high laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency is proposed. Three laser beams are focused on a microwire array attached to a solid-density hemispheric target. The laser-driven hot electrons from the front of the microwire hemisphere generate a hot-electron sheath in the hollow behind it, so that the protons on its back are accelerated by target normal sheath acceleration. The accelerated protons are of high flux, as well as angularly and energetically uniform. The scheme should be useful for applications involving warm dense matter, such as isochoric heating and modification of materials, as well as for proton therapy and inertial confinement fusion.
Global scattered-light spectrography for laser absorption and laser–plasma instability studies
Authors: Zhang Yihang , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Xu , Glize Kevin , Dong Yufeng , Yuan Xiaohui , Li Yutong , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An optical spectrometer system based on 60 channels of fibers has been designed and employed to diagnose light emissions from laser–plasma interactions. The 60 fiber collectors cover an integrated solid angle of

$\pi$

, enabling the measurement of global energy losses in a symmetrical configuration. A detecting spectral range from ultraviolet to near-infrared, with angular distribution, allows for the understanding of the physical mechanisms involving various plasma modes. Experimental measurements of scattered lights from a conical implosion driven by high-energy nanosecond laser beams at the Shenguang-II Upgrade facility have been demonstrated, serving as reliable diagnostics to characterize laser absorption and energy losses from laser–plasma instabilities. This compact diagnostic system can provide comprehensive insights into laser energy coupling in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion research, which are essential for studying the driving asymmetry and improving the implosion efficiencies.
Dependence of the focal intensity of a femtosecond laser pulse on the non-flatness of compressor diffraction gratings
Authors: Khazanov Efim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An analytical expression for the focal intensity of a laser pulse was obtained for an asymmetric out-of-plane compressor with gratings of arbitrary surface shape. The focal intensity is most strongly affected by the linear angular chirp caused by the spatial shift of different frequencies on the second and third gratings. The chirp can be eliminated by simply rotating the fourth grating by an optimal angle, which significantly reduces the requirements for the grating quality. It is shown that the decrease in the focal intensity depends on the product of the grating surface root mean square and pulse spectrum bandwidth. With low-quality gratings, spectrum narrowing would not reduce focal intensity; contrariwise, it may even slightly increase it.
The effect of parent rocks on river sediment composition and implication for regional tectono-magmatic events: a case from two tributaries of the Songhua River, NE China
Authors: Qi Haodong , Chi Yunping , Sun Lei , Meng Jie , Wu Peng , Wei Zhenyu , Liu Haijin , Wang Yehui , Liu Ruonan , Xie Yuanyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Modern fluvial sediments provide important information about source-to-sink process and regional tectono-magmatic events in the source area, but many factors, e.g., chemical weathering, sedimentary cycles and source-rock types, can interfere with the establishment of the source-sink system. The Lalin River (LR) and the Jilin Songhua River (JSR) are two important tributaries of the Songhua River in the Songnen Plain in NE China. They have similar flow direction, topography and identical climate backgrounds, but have notably different parent-rock types in the headwater, which provides an opportunity to explore the influencing factors of river sediment composition. To this end, the point bar sediments in the two rivers were sampled for an analysis of geochemistry (including element and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios), heavy mineral and detrital zircon U-Pb dating. The results are indicative of the fact that the two rivers have the similar geochemical composition (e.g., elements and Sr isotopes) as well as chemical weathering (CIA = 51.41–57.60, CIW = 59.68–66.11, PIA = 51.95–60.23, WIP = 56.00–65.47, Rb/Sr = 0.38–0.42) and recycling (SiO2/Al2O3 = 5.79 and 5.03, ICV = 1.0 and 1.2, CIA/WIP = 0.81–1.03) characteristics, showing a major control of climate on the low-level weathering and recycling of the river sediments. However, there are significant differences in the detrital zircon U-Pb age (a significant Mesozoic age peak for the LR but an additional Precambrian peak for the JSR), Nd isotope ratio (−6.2812–8.5830 and −8.1149–10.2411 for the LR and the JSR, respectively) and to a certain extent heavy mineral composition (e.g., for the < 63 μm fraction, a dominance of hornblende and magnetite in the LR, but haematite-limonite in the JSR) in the two river sediments, indicating that source rocks largely control the composition of the river sediments. Some of the major tectono-magmatic events (e.g., crustal growth and cratonisation of the North China Craton, closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean, subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate) occurring in the eastern Songnen Plain are well documented in the JSR sediments but not in the LR, the difference of which is largely regulated by the source rocks in the source area.
Dissimilation and phonological conspiracy in Tenyidie tone
Authors: Meyase Savio M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I propose an analysis for tonal alternations at the prefix–stem boundary in Tenyidie (Angami), where Mid tones in prefixes and stems dissimilate. I argue that this alternation is driven by the OCP (Obligatory Contour Principle) (Leben 1970) of Mid tones. However, sequences of Mid tones are seen elsewhere. I claim that this asymmetry can be solved with recourse to prosodic phonology (Nespor & Vogel 1986/2007). By assuming that stem and suffix form a prosodic word, excluding prefix, I argue that Mid tones fuse within the prosodic constituent to avoid OCP-Mid. The same constraint also triggers dissimilation across the prefix–stem environment, because of prohibition of fusion across prosodic boundaries. This is an example of phonological conspiracy where multiple processes work together to repair or avoid a single marked structure (Kisseberth 2011).