bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An aged life has less value: A qualitative analysis of moral disengagement and care failures evident in Royal Commission oral testimony
Authors: Austen Katrina , Hutchinson Marie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify common themes about care failures in residential aged care as described from the perspectives of older people and their families in transcripts from hearings and submission to the Australian Royal Commission. These failures are explored through the lens of moral disengagement.BackgroundPrevious inquiries into care failures have highlighted widespread harm from inhumane care, caused by staff carelessness, indifference and callousness. In health care, limited consideration has been given to the moral engagement or disengagement of staff and the relationship of moral engagement with care failures.MethodQualitative latent content analysis of 22 transcripts from the Royal Commission between March 2020–August 2020. Methods are reported using the SRQR.ResultsThis paper presents one theme, Dehumanisation of the care process: An aged life has less value, from a larger study. Care failures relating to morally disengaged staff were found to be widespread and influenced by the environments created by organisations.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for further research to identify indicators of moral disengagement among staff and explore strategies to reduce or prevent moral disengagement within organisations trusted with providing care to older people.Relevance to clinical practiceCaregiving is necessarily associated with, and shaped by, moral dimensions. The erosion or disengagement of these moral dimensions among care staff reveals important aspects of residential aged care’s lived experience. Studying dynamics within aged care facilities can provide a useful analytic lens for illuminating ways that residents and their family or those close to them, experience or are impacted by moral dimensions and behaviours.
Cold therapy for pain relief during and after amniocentesis procedure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Benchahong Sawanya , Pongrojpaw Densak , Chanthasenanont Athita , Limpivest Uravee , Nanthakomon Tongta , Lertvutivivat Supapen , Prasitpaisan Natavadee , Pattaraarchachai Junya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo compare effects of cold therapy on patient pain score during and after amniocentesis procedure.MethodsWe performed a prospective randomized‐controlled study comparing the anticipated pain, perceived pain during the procedure, and pain after 15 and 30 min of amniocentesis between pregnant women receiving cold therapy before (group 1), after (group 2), and both before and after amniocentesis (group 3) with a control group (group 4). Pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) score.ResultsA total of 480 participants were recruited and randomly assigned into four groups of 120 each. Anticipated pain scores in all groups were not statistically different. When compared with group 4, groups 1 and 3 experienced significant pain reduction during amniocentesis, while VAS scores at 15 and 30 min after amniocentesis in groups 1–3 were significantly lower as compared to group 4.ConclusionCold therapy both before and after amniocentesis procedure is most effective in pain reduction. It encourages the pregnant woman's cooperation during the procedure and provides a good amniocentesis experience. Application of cold compression is also beneficial in other aspects as it is simple, safe, convenient, and yet reusable and economically efficient for routine use in all pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis.
Is fiscal austerity really self‐defeating?
Authors: Piergallini Alessandro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes local and global equilibrium dynamics in an optimizing endogenous growth model under expenditure‐based fiscal austerity feedback policies expressed relative to the private capital stock—prescribing spending cuts in reaction to public debt accumulation. Because the present value of equilibrium primary surpluses turns to be a nonlinear function of debt, two steady state equilibria are shown to emerge, one exhibiting low debt and high growth, one exhibiting high debt and low growth. Local analysis reveals that the low‐debt/high‐growth steady state is saddle‐path stable while the high‐debt/low‐growth steady state is unstable—the latter thus indicating the possibility of self‐defeating austerity, characterized by off‐equilibrium upward spirals in debt because of persistent policy‐induced adverse effects on growth dividends and fiscal revenues. However, when global nonlinear dynamics are taken into account, it is demonstrated that the two steady states are endogenously connected. In particular, global analysis reveals that even if the high‐debt/low‐growth steady state is locally unstable, there exists a unique and possibly nonmonotonic saddle connection making the economy converge to the low‐debt/high‐growth steady state. The existence of the saddle connection guarantees global determinacy of perfect foresight equilibrium should the high‐debt/low‐growth steady state be a node, ruling out multiple explosive paths incompatible with the government's intertemporal budget constraint and the private agents' transversality condition. The foregoing results are robust with respect to the adoption of an output‐based—rather than a capital‐based—policy function as long as the rule is nonlinear and sufficiently reactive to debt changes.
False Safety Behavior Elimination Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Japanese: A Pilot, Single‐Arm Uncontrolled Study1
Authors: Arai Honami , Seki Yoichi , Okawa Sho , Shimizu Eiji , Takahashi Sho , Ishikawa Shin‐Ichi , Korte Kristina Jo , Schmidt Norman Brad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by an excessive fear of social situations that can lead to serious functional impairment; it negatively affects a person’s self‐esteem and social interactions. Its prevalence has increased over the past four decades, and SAD is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in Japan. Therefore, more precise interventions are needed. This study administered false safety behavior elimination therapy (F‐SET), which eliminates safety behavior (i.e., strategies that reduce anxiety), to six Japanese patients with SAD. This is the first adaptation of F‐SET into Japanese. Seven patients were screened and six (Mage = 27.83 years, only males) were eligible for the study criteria. Each patient received five weekly 60‐min F‐SET sessions. At post‐F‐SET, the mean reduction in Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale score from baseline was −20.50 (95% confidence interval: −30.65, −10.35; p = .003). After completing the treatment, all participants showed substantially decreased SAD symptoms, which indicates preliminary support for the adapted treatment’s efficacy.
Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in Labrador retrievers with copper‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Vincent A. M. , Sordillo L. M. , Smedley R. C. , Gandy J. C. , Brown J. L. , Langlois D. K. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with copper‐associated hepatitis (CAH) as compared with healthy controls, and to evaluate if these markers correlate with hepatic copper concentrations and hepatic histopathologic features.Materials and MethodsProspective study. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations, plasma antioxidant potential, and plasma and urine isoprostane concentrations were determined in Labrador retrievers with copper‐associated hepatitis (n=9) as well as in breed‐ and sex‐matched (n=9) and age‐ and sex‐matched (n=9) healthy control populations. Possible correlations between markers of oxidative stress and hepatic histopathological features also were investigated.ResultsReactive metabolites (median, range) were over twofold greater in dogs with copper‐associated hepatitis (87.2 RFU/μL, 60.9 to 185.6 RFU/μL) as compared to breed‐ and sex‐matched (38.2 RFU/μL, 22.4 to 116.8 RFU/μL) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (32.0 RFU/μL, 18.5 to 127.4 RFU/μL). Antioxidant potential was decreased in copper‐associated hepatitis dogs (6.5 TE/μL, 5.1 to 7.7 TE/μL) as compared to breed‐ and sex‐matched controls (8.2 TE/μL, 5.3 to 11.8 TE/μL). Both reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio were positively correlated with hepatic copper concentrations. Plasma and urine isoprostanes were variable and not significantly different between populations.Clinical SignificanceLabrador retrievers with copper‐associated hepatitis have altered oxidant status. Plasma reactive metabolite concentrations and the reactive metabolite to antioxidant potential ratio could be useful biomarkers. However, neither plasma nor urine isoprostanes were useful biomarkers for copper‐associated hepatitis.
Introducing synchromodality: One missing link between transportation and supply chain management
Authors: Acero Beatriz , Saenz Maria Jesus , Luzzini Davide 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study develops and tests the synchromodality construct, a novel supply chain concept that integrates the flexible use of different transport modes based on real‐time information. At a time when global supply chains are complex and subject to uncertainty, synchromodality has emerged at the forefront of research and practice as a tool to ensure efficient delivery performance and thus supply chain competitiveness. Despite synchromodality is attracting the attention of leading companies and policy makers, only scholars within the transport research community have engaged with the topic so far. We believe a supply chain management perspective is missing, but essential, to develop the full potential of synchromodality. Our study shows that synchromodality capabilities encapsulate four key elements: visibility, integration, multi‐modal transport, and flexibility. Thanks to a three‐stage research approach exploiting multiple methods, this study conceptualizes, develops, and validates the first synchromodality measurement model, which reflects the multidimensional nature of the concept. We hope to set the stage for a number of potential future research opportunities that can explore synchromodality implementation and outcomes.
Relationship between endogenous plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and reproductive performance in Thoroughbred broodmares
Authors: Tsuchiya Takeru , Noda Ryusuke , Ikeda Hiroki , Maeda Masaya , Sato Fumio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is an endocrine disorder the clinical signs of which include infertility, but few reports have examined the relationship between PPID and reproductive performance in broodmares.Hypothesis/ObjectiveBroodmares with infertility of unknown etiology were screened for PPID using baseline endogenous plasma ACTH concentrations, and its relationship with subsequent reproductive performance was analyzed.AnimalsSixty‐seven Thoroughbred broodmares.MethodsAdrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were measured in autumn. The broodmares were divided into 3 groups based on endogenous plasma ACTH concentration (low, <50 pg/mL; intermediate 50‐100 pg/mL; and high >100 pg/mL) as recommended by the Equine Endocrinology Group. We compared these results with those of other blood tests, clinical examinations, subsequent conception, and frequency of normal delivery.ResultsThe numbers of horses per group (percentage) were 22 (32.8%), 20 (29.9%), and 25 (37.3%). The mean ± SD ages (years) were 11.1 ± 3.4, 12.1 ± 4.5, and 13.0 ± 4.3, with no significant difference among groups. Mean ± SD plasma cortisol concentrations (μg/dL) were 4.0 ± 1.6, 7.1 ± 1.4, and 7.6 ± 1.9, with the intermediate and high ACTH groups having significantly higher results than the low ACTH group (P < .001). Conception rates were 77.3%, 89.5%, and 56.5% and normal delivery rates were 77.2%, 84.2%, and 43.5% with the percentage of each significantly lower in the high ACTH group (P = .02, P = .008, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe study group of infertile broodmares may include horses with PPID. The reproductive performance of the high ACTH group was significantly lower than the other groups. Early diagnosis and treatment of infertile broodmares by screening plasma ACTH concentrations could help improve reproductive performance.
The status of striped bass,Morone saxatilis,as a commercially ready species for U.S. marine aquaculture
Authors: Andersen Linnea K. , Abernathy Jason , Berlinsky David L. , Bolton Greg , Booker Matthew M. , Borski Russell J. , Brown Travis , Cerino David , Ciaramella Michael , Clark Robert W. , Frinsko Michael O. , Fuller S. Adam , Gabel Steve , Green Bartholomew W. , Herbst Eric , Hodson Ronald G. , Hopper Michael , Kenter Linas W. , Lopez Frank , McGinty Andrew S. , Nash Barry , Parker Matthew , Pigg Stacey , Rawles Steve , Riley Kenneth , Turano Marc J. , Webster Carl D. , Weirich Charles R. , Won Eugene , Curry Woods L. , Reading Benjamin J. ,   StriperHub
Published: May 2021

AbstractStriped bass,Morone saxatilis, is an anadromous fish native to the North American Atlantic Coast and is well recognized as one of the most important and highly regarded recreational fisheries in the United States. Decades of research have been conducted on striped bass and its hybrid (striped bass × white bassMorone chrysops) and culture methods have been established, particularly for the hybrid striped bass, the fourth largest finfish aquaculture industry in the United States (US $50 million). Domesticated striped bass have been developed since the 1990s and broodstock are available from the government for commercial fry production using novel hormone‐free methods along with traditional hormone‐induced tank and strip spawning. No commercial‐scale intensive larval rearing technologies have been developed at present and current fingerling production is conducted in fertilized freshwater ponds. Larval diets have not been successfully used as first feeds; however, they have been used for weaning from live feeds prior to metamorphosis. Striped bass can be grown out in marine (32 ppt) or freshwater (<5 ppt); however, they require high hardness (200+ ppm) and some salinity (8–10 ppt) to offset handling stress. Juveniles must be 1–10 g/fish prior to stocking into marine water. Commercially available fingerling, growout, and broodstock feeds are available from several vendors. Striped bass may reach 1.36 kg/fish in recirculating aquaculture by 18 months and as much as 2.27 kg/fish by 24 months. Farm gate value of striped bass has not been determined, although seasonally available wild‐harvested striped bass are valued at about US $6.50 to US $10.14 per kg and cultured hybrid striped bass are valued at about US $8.45 to US $9.25 per kg whole; the farm gate value for cultured striped bass may be as much as US $10.00 or more per kg depending on demand and market. The ideal market size is between 1.36 and 2.72 kg/fish, which is considerably larger than the traditional 0.68 to 0.90 kg/fish for the hybrid striped bass market.
Metabolic exchange between pathways for isoprenoid synthesis and implications for biosynthetic hydrogen isotope fractionation
Authors: Ladd S. Nemiah , Nelson Daniel B. , Bamberger Ines , Daber L. Erik , Kreuzwieser Jürgen , Kahmen Ansgar , Werner Christiane 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Hydrogen isotope ratios of plant lipids are used for paleoclimate reconstruction, but are influenced by both source water and biosynthetic processes. Measuring 2H : 1H ratios of multiple compounds produced by different pathways could allow these effects to be separated, but hydrogen isotope fractionations during isoprenoid biosynthesis remain poorly constrained.

To investigate how hydrogen isotope fractionation during isoprenoid biosynthesis is influenced by molecular exchange between the cytosolic and plastidial production pathways, we paired position‐specific 13C‐pyruvate labeling with hydrogen isotope measurements of lipids in Pachira aquatica saplings.

We find that acetogenic compounds primarily incorporated carbon from 13C2‐pyruvate, whereas isoprenoids incorporated 13C1‐ and 13C2‐pyruvate equally. This indicates that cytosolic pyruvate is primarily introduced into plastidial isoprenoids via glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate and that plastidial isoprenoid intermediates are incorporated into cytosolic isoprenoids. Probably as a result of the large differences in hydrogen isotope fractionation between plastidial and cytosolic isoprenoid pathways, sterols from P. aquatica are at least 50‰ less 2H‐enriched relative to phytol than sterols in other plants.

These results provide the first experimental evidence that incorporation of plastidial intermediates reduces 2H : 1H ratios of sterols. This suggests that relative offsets between the 2H : 1H ratios of sterols and phytol can trace exchange between the two isoprenoid synthesis pathways.
Food for thought: Robots, jobs and skills in food and drink processing in Norway and the UK
Authors: Lloyd Caroline , Payne Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is intense debate surrounding digitalisation and its implications for work. However, empirical research within established workplaces, especially international comparative studies, remains limited. This article uses cross‐country research to further analysis of the relative importance of different institutions, actors and power relations in shaping digitalisation and worker outcomes. Through a multi‐level approach, it compares the use of industrial robots in the food and drink processing sector in Norway and the UK. Drawing on qualitative research, it explores the pace of digitalisation, the process of implementation and job and skills outcomes. The study finds strong national differences in the pace of digitalisation, and the role of unions in the process of implementation. In Norway, union power at workplace and national level, embedded in institutional arrangements, underpins more advanced use of technology and improved outcomes for workers.
Inhibitory effects of circulating natural autoantibodies to CD47‐derived peptides on OSCC cells
Authors: Liu Xiu , Liang Chao , Meng Qingyong , Qu Yi , He Ziyi , Dong Rui , Qin Lizheng , Mao Minghui , Hu Ying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesNatural autoantibodies serve as an important anti‐tumorigenic component in the body. This study was thus designed to investigate whether circulating natural IgG autoantibodies against a cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) could exert inhibitory effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Subjects and methodsThe expression levels of 13 tumor‐targeted genes in three OSCC cell lines were analyzed by qPCR, and CD47 expression in OSCC tissues was also verified with IHC staining. An in‐house ELISA was performed to analyze circulating anti‐CD47 IgG levels in control subjects, oral benign tumor, and OSCC patients, and to detect anti‐CD47 IgG‐abundant plasma. Three OSCC cell lines were treated with anti‐CD47 IgG‐abundant and ‐deficient plasma, respectively, followed by the analysis of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion/metastasis.ResultsThe CD47 gene showed the highest expression among 13 genes detected in three OSCC cell lines; its expression was significantly higher in OSCC tissues than adjacent tissues. Plasma anti‐CD47 IgG levels showed the differences between control subjects, oral benign tumor, and OSCC patients. Anti‐CD47 IgG‐abundant plasma could evidently reduce cell viability via suppressing p‐AKT expression and inducing cell apoptosis and inhibit the invasion of all three OSCC cell lines.ConclusionsNatural autoantibodies against CD47 may be a potential agent for OSCC immunotherapy.
Characterization of murine extracellular vesicles and Toxoplasma gondii infection
Authors: Maia Marta Marques , da Cruz Allecineia Bispo , Pereira Ingrid de Siqueira , Taniwaki Noemi Nosomi , Namiyama Gislene Mitsue , Pereira‐Chioccola Vera Lucia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study characterized extracellular vesicles (EVs) of sera from mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii or immunized with EVs derived T gondii. EVs were purified of sera from four groups (5 A/Sn mice/group). EV‐IM: Mice immunized with T gondii‐released EVs; ACT: mice in acute infection; CHR: mice in chronic infection; and NI: normal mice. EVs were purified by ultracentrifugation. Concentration of serum‐derived EVs from NI group was smaller than EV‐IM, ACT and CHR groups. Most of the EVs from ACT and CHR groups were microvesicles, and they were bigger than the NI group. The same results were shown by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The presence of exosomes was shown in immunoblotting by tetraspanin (CD63 and CD9) evidence. Splenocytes of EV‐IM, CHR and NI groups were stimulated with T. gondii derived EVs. EV‐IM and CHR groups up‐expressed IFN‐γ; TNF‐α and IL‐17, when compared with the NI group. IL‐10 was up‐expressed only in the EV‐IM group. EV‐IM, ACT and CHR groups expressed more miR‐155‐5p, miR‐29c‐3p and miR‐125b‐5p than the NI group. Host‐T gondii interaction can occur, also, via EVs. miRNAs participate in the modulation of cellular immune response against T gondii. These data give subsidies to propose the differentiation between infect or noninfect hosts by concentration of EVs.
Histone modifications and chromatin remodelling in plants in response to salt stress
Authors: Yung Wai‐Shing , Li Man‐Wah , Sze Ching‐Ching , Wang Qianwen , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the face of global food security crises, it is necessary to boost agricultural production. One factor hampering the attempts to increase food production is elevated soil salinity, which can be due to salt that is naturally present in the soil or a consequence of excessive or prolonged irrigation or application of fertiliser. In response to environmental stresses, plants activate multiple molecular mechanisms, including the timely activation of stress‐responsive transcriptional networks. However, in the case of salt stress, the combined effects of the initial osmotic shock and the subsequent ion‐specific stress increase the complexity in the selective regulation of gene expressions involved in restoring or maintaining osmotic balance, ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. Histone modifications and chromatin remodelling are important epigenetic processes that regulate gene expressions by modifying the chromatin status and recruiting transcription regulators. In this review, we have specifically summarised the currently available knowledge on histone modifications and chromatin remodelling in relation to plant responses to salt stress. Current findings have revealed the functional importance of chromatin modifiers in regulating salt tolerance and identified the effector genes affected by epigenetic modifications, although counteraction between modifiers within the same family may occur. Emerging evidence has also illustrated the crosstalk between epigenetic modifications and hormone signalling pathways which involves formation of protein complexes. With an improved understanding of these processes, plant breeders will be able to develop alternative strategies using genome editing technologies for crop improvement.
Controlling hope
Authors: Milona Michael , Stockdale Katie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the kind of control we exercise over hope. In doing so, we situate our discussion against the backdrop of the growing literature on hope's nature. Several important analyses of hope have the implication that, once the relevant desires and beliefs for hope are present, an agent can (sometimes) directly control whether they hope. But we argue against the possibility of direct control. This is because hope bears systematic relationships with fear and despair; and the view that we can directly control hope makes wrong predictions about the extent to which we can control fear and despair. Throughout the paper, we explain how prominent theories of hope can be amended to better reflect the ways in which hope is controllable. In this way, the paper identifies an underexplored fault line in the philosophy of hope, one which cuts across more familiar ways of cataloguing theories of hope.