bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRYPTOSTEGIA MADAGASCARIENSIS SOB SOLOS SALINIZADOS E ESTRESSE HÍDRICO
Authors: Mesquita Francisco de Oliveira , Medeiros Jailma dos Santos de , Mesquita Evandro Franklin de , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Bakker Alexandre Pereira de , Roque Iara Almeida , Macedo Rodrigo Santana , Vasconcelos Erika Alves Graciano de 
Published: December 2021

A salinidade do solo é comum, principalmente em áreas cultivadas, em regiões semiáridas no nordeste brasileiro que, aliado a longos períodos de estiagem, são responsáveis pela desertificação nessas áreas, favorecendo a degradação ambiental do solo frente às diversas condições adversas do ambiente salino, visto que, sob certas circunstâncias, torna-se difícil e/ou economicamente inviável manter baixo nível de salinidade no solo quando a água é salina e não temos uma alternativa sustentável ecologicamente. Apesar disso, algumas plantas invasoras como a C. madagascariensis, podem apresentar resistência à essas condições adversas. Nestesentido, objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional de C. madagascariensis sob dois tipos de solos, salinidade do solo e diferentes regimes hídricos, no semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (DBC), comesquema fatorial de 4 x 4 x 2, correspondente à quatro níveis de salinidade do solo (0,3; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 dS m-1), quatro teores de umidade (20% da CC; 40% da CC; 70% da CC e 110% da CC) e dois tipos de solos (Neossolo Flúvico e Vertissolo), com 4 repetições, totalizando 128 amostras experimentais, conduzido em casa de vegetação, no semiárido nordestino. A salinidade do solo influenciou de forma negativa a qualidade ambiental dos solos, refletindo diretamente no meio ambiental pois, conforme resultados, as plantas jovens de C. madagascariensis ficam desequilibradas nutricionalmente com o aumento da salinidade e umidade simultaneamente nos dois tipos de solos estudados, ocasionando desequilíbrio nutricional causado pelos distúrbios na absorção, mas sem prejudicar o crescimento da espécie, sendo assim, a salinidade do solo pode ser um indicativo de degradação ambiental como desertificação, erosão do solo, perda de parte da vegetação entre outros.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Recovery and Rehabilitation
Authors: Glattke Kaycee E. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Chhabra Anikar 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The success of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is influenced by effective rehabilitation. Previously published, comprehensive systematic reviews evaluating rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction have studied Level-I and II evidence published through 2012. Interval studies continue to evaluate the efficacy of various rehabilitative modalities.

Methods:
A total of 824 articles from 2012 to 2020 were identified using multiple search engines. Fifty Level-I or II studies met inclusion criteria and were evaluated using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Study Quality Assessment Tools.

Results:
Accelerated rehabilitation can be effective for patients with semitendinosus-gracilis grafts. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training with high-intensity exercise is not effective for ACL reconstruction recovery. Postoperative bracing does not offer any advantages or improve limb asymmetry. Cryotherapy is an effective analgesic when used perioperatively. The early introduction of open kinetic chain exercises may improve ACL reconstruction outcomes, and high-intensity plyometric exercise is not effective. Estimated pre-injury capacity (EPIC) levels may be more accurate than the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) when using functional test results to predict reinjury rates, and hip external rotation strength may be the most accurate predictor of the hop test performance. Nerve blocks can provide postoperative analgesia with minimal complication risk. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is effective when used independently and in combination with rehabilitative exercises. Psychological readiness should be evaluated both objectively and subjectively before allowing patients to safely return to sport. Electromyography biofeedback may help to regain muscular function, and whole-body vibration therapy can improve postural control. Supervised rehabilitation is more effective than unsupervised rehabilitation.

Conclusions:
Various rehabilitative modalities following ACL reconstruction are effective in improving surgical outcomes and return-to-sport rates. Further evidence and improved study design are needed to further validate modalities including accelerated rehabilitation, BFR training, functional testing, and return-to-sport criteria.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Halter Traction for the Treatment of Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation
Authors: Yeung Chi-Yung , Feng Chi-Kuang 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) comprises a spectrum of abnormal rotational relationships between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term clinical outcomes of halter traction in treating patients diagnosed with primary AARF.

Methods:
We included patients <18 years of age who presented with new-onset painful torticollis, neck pain, and sternocleidomastoid muscle spasm, had an AARF diagnosis confirmed by use of 3-dimensional dynamic computed tomography, received in-hospital cervical halter traction under our treatment protocol, and were followed for ≥12 months. Radiographic and long-term clinical outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 43 patients (31 male and 12 female; average age of 7.9 years) satisfied the inclusion criteria. There were 5 acute, 6 subacute, and 32 chronic cases. The mean duration of initial symptoms prior to treatment was 12.1 weeks. Thirty-seven (86.0%) of the patients experienced previous minor trauma, and 6 (14.0%) had a recent history of upper-respiratory infection (Grisel syndrome). The mean duration of in-hospital traction was 17.6 days. The mean follow-up period was 8.5 years. Forty-two (97.7%) of the patients achieved normal cervical alignment after treatment. One patient (2.3%) had recurrence and received a second course of halter traction, with cervical alignment restored without any surgical intervention. No neurological deficits were noted during or after the treatment. No major complications were observed.

Conclusions:
Normal anatomy and restoration of cervical alignment can be achieved by cervical halter traction in most cases of AARF.

Levels of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
International Orthopaedic Volunteer Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Miclau Theodore , MacKechnie Madeline C. , Born Christopher T. , MacKechnie Michael A. , Dyer George S.M. , Yuan Brandon J. , Dawson John , Lee Cassandra , Ishmael Chad R. , Schreiber Verena M. , Tejwani Nirmal C. , Ulmer Todd , Shearer David W. , Agarwal-Harding Kiran J. , Johal Herman , Khormaee Sariah , Sprague Sheila , Whiting Paul S. , Roberts Heather J. , Coughlin Richard , Gosselin Rich , Rosenwasser Melvin P. , Johnson Anthony , Babu Jacob M. , Dworkin Myles , Makhni Melvin C. , McClellan Trigg , Nwachuku Chinenye O. , Miclau Elizabeth , Morshed Saam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract:
Globally, the burden of musculoskeletal conditions continues to rise, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability to meet these orthopaedic surgical care demands remains a challenge. To help address these issues, many orthopaedic surgeons seek opportunities to provide humanitarian assistance to the populations in need. While many global orthopaedic initiatives are well-intentioned and can offer short-term benefits to the local communities, it is essential to emphasize training and the integration of local surgeon-leaders. The commitment to developing educational and investigative capacity, as well as fostering sustainable, mutually beneficial partnerships in low-resource settings, is critical. To this end, global health organizations, such as the Consortium of Orthopaedic Academic Traumatologists (COACT), work to promote and ensure the lasting sustainability of musculoskeletal trauma care worldwide. This article describes global orthopaedic efforts that can effectively address musculoskeletal care through an examination of 5 domains: clinical care, clinical research, surgical education, disaster response, and advocacy.
Analysis of Social Media Perceptions Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants and Social Media Use by Residency Programs During the 2020 to 2021 Cycle
Authors: Checketts Jake X. , Hunt Tyler , Checketts Beaun R. , Scott Jared T. , Johnson Mark , Boose Marshall , Schwartz Mark , Chalkin Brian 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Owing to the coronavirus 2019 pandemic limiting both applicants and residency programs in their ability to connect in-person, it is likely that a shift toward virtual connections was made. We aimed to query applicants regarding their perspectives of orthopaedic residency program social media use. Furthermore, we aimed to quantify the number of orthopaedic surgery residency programs with active social media accounts.

Methods:
All applicants to a single orthopaedic surgery residency were surveyed regarding their perceptions of social media use by orthopaedic surgery residency programs. After this, we evaluated social media use by orthopaedic surgery residency programs.

Results:
Of total, 54.3% of applicants indicated that an orthopaedic surgery residency program they followed on social media posted content that increased their interest in the program. Furthermore, 77.8% of the applicants believed that orthopaedic surgery residency programs should have social media accounts, specifically Instagram. Of the orthopaedic surgery residencies identified, 113 (58.9%) had Instagram, 84 (43.8%) had Twitter, and 21 (10.9%) had Facebook accounts.

Discussion:
Applicants largely feel that orthopaedic surgery residencies should have social media accounts. Orthopaedic surgery residencies saw the value in connecting with students virtually, as shown by nearly 90% of the programs, with social media starting their accounts this year.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Agreement in the Scoring of PD-L1 (SP142) and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Ong David Jerome , Medina Pier Angeli , Datay-Lim Sarah Jane , Alcazaren Elizabeth Ann 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. Known for their poor outcomes, triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have been investigated for immune checkpoint inhibitors that target Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). In the recent decade, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have also become potential biomarkers. The aim of the study is to determine the reproducibility of PD-L1 scoring system for TNBC (SP142 clone) and TILs interpretation in the local setting through intra- and interobserver agreement.
Methodology. Forty-three primary resection specimens TNBC were evaluated on two occasions with PD-L1 (Roche VENTANA SP142 assay) and TILs by two breast pathologists and one general pathologist on physical glass slides. PD-L1 expression was determined by at least 1% positivity among immune cells within the tumoral area and contiguous peritumoral stroma while TILs was assessed based on International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer. Kappa statistic for PD-L1 and TILs categories while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were assessed, with cutoffs of 0.80 and 0.70, respectively.
Results: The overall interrater kappa statistic for PD-L1 on the first and second rounds were weak at 0.506 (95% CI: 0.334-0.679) and minimal at 0.314 (95% CI: 0.142-0.487), respectively. Intraobserver kappa statistic for PD-L1 were varied across the three readers while interobserver kappa values for PD-L1 showed none (0.181) to moderate (0.789) agreement. The TILs intraobserver reliability showed poor to good agreement, with the highest ICC of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.805-0.938).
Conclusion. This study demonstrated variable intra and interobserver agreement for both TILs and PD-L1 expression. Although it is desirable to have strong to almost perfect agreement, the kappa and ICC values suggest additional room for improvement. In light of the repercussions in management of patients who will undergo immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, regular training sessions, concurrences of equivocal results, and possible use of digital pathology as a medium in interpreting TILs and PD-L1 stains to achieve consistent results.
A Phase-Field-Based Approach for Modeling Flow and Geomechanics in Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Jammoul M. , Wheeler M. F. 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Modeling the geomechanical deformations of fracture networks has become an integral part of designing enhanced geothermal systems and recovery mechanisms for unconventional reservoirs. Stress changes in the reservoir can cause variations in the apertures of fractures resulting in large changes in their transmissivities. At the same time, sustained high-injection pressures can induce shear slipping along existing fractures and faults and trigger seismic activity. In this work, we extend the phase-field method to solve for flow and geomechanical deformations in naturally fractured reservoirs. The framework can predict the opening/closure of fractures as well as their shear slipping because of induced stresses and poromechanical effects. The flow through fractures is modeled on spatially nonconforming grids using the enhanced velocity mixed finite element method. The geomechanics equations are discretized using the continuous Galerkin (CG) finite element method. The flow and mechanics equations are decoupled using the fixed stress iterative scheme. The implementation is validated against the analytical solutions of Mandel’s problem and Sneddon’s benchmark test. Two synthetic examples are presented to illustrate the impact of poroelastic deformations and the accompanying dynamic behavior of fractures on the safety and productivity of subsurface projects.
Phase 1/2 Study of Topical Submicron Particle Paclitaxel for Cutaneous Metastases of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lacouture Mario E. , Goldfarb Shari B. , Markova Alina , Chawla Sant P. , Dewnani Karan V. , Iacobucci Marc A. , Lang Julie E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This Phase 1/2 study evaluated safety and efficacy of a topical submicron particle paclitaxel (SPP) in an anhydrous ointment base (SOR007), primarily in breast cancer patients with cutaneous metastases (CM).Methods: One of 3 concentrations of SOR007 SPP (0.15%, 1.0%, or 2.0%) was applied twice daily over an area of 50 cm2 under a 3+3 phase I design for up to 28 days, with the option for additional 28 days at the highest dose once safety was established. Efficacy was analyzed by lesion measurements and photographs to determine overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) and progression free survival by day 28 or 56.Results: Twenty-three subjects were enrolled, 21 with cutaneous metastases of breast cancer (CMOBC). Four subjects received SOR007 0.15%, three at a dose of 1.0% for a median of 28 days (range = 6 to 29 days), and sixteen at 2.0% for a median of 56 days (range = 42 to 60). All doses were well tolerated, and 19 subjects were evaluable for efficacy. At day 28 across all dose levels, 16% (95%CI: 3.4 to 39.6%) of subjects achieved an ORR and another 63.1% (95%CI: 34.9 to 96.8%) had stable disease (SD). The proportion of patients being progression free at 28 days across all treatments was 79% (95:CI: 54 to 94%). Conclusion: Application of SOR007 0.15%, 1.0%, and 2.0% to CM resulted in lesion stabilization or response in most subjects, with reduced lesion pain, and minimal systemic absorption of paclitaxel. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to confirm these findings is warranted.NCT: #03101358
Label-free Viability Assay using Holographic Video Microscopy
Authors: Odete Mary Ann , Boltyanskiy Rostislav , Cheong Fook Chiong , Philips Laura 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Total Holographic Characterization (THC) is presented here as an efficient, automated, label-free method of accurately identifying cell viability. THC is a single-particle characterization technology that determines the size and index of refraction of individual particles using the Lorenz-Mie theory of light scattering. Although assessment of cell viability is a challenge in many applications, including biologics manufacturing, traditional approaches often include unreliable labeling with dyes and/or time consuming methods of manually counting cells. In this work we measured the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the presence of various concentrations of isopropanol as a function of time. All THC measurements were performed in the native environment of the sample with no dilution or addition of labels. We compared our results with THC to manual counting of living and dead cells as distinguished with trypan blue dye. Our findings demonstrate that THC can effectively distinguish living and dead yeast cells by the index of refraction of individual cells.
Shared Responsibility for Carbon Emission Based on Embodied Carbon Emission in China-US Trade
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Pan Binbin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Traditional Production-Based Accounting (PBA) principle does not consider the embodied carbon emissions in export and import trade. A multiregional input-output (MRIO) model is constructed to estimate the embodied carbon dioxide emissions of 41 countries and regions worldwide, based on the PBA and shared responsibility approach in this paper. The results indicate that the embodied carbon emissions in 2018 in China's export trade were 1326.1 million tons higher than that of import trade. Through the empirical analysis of the embodied carbon emissions in China's import and export trade, it can be seen that China is a major producer of carbon emissions, not a consumer country, and has taken more carbon emissions responsibility for the world. And it is more reasonable and impartial to assign developed and developing country’s carbon emissions responsibility in the light of the shared responsibility method.
No Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kuhn Wilfried , Karp Georg , Müller Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Previous trials describe a decrease of vitamin D levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease and relationships to clinical disease severity. This case control study found not significant but higher 25-OH-vitamin D plasma levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease patients compared with age and sex matched controls and no associations to clinical parameters, such as rating scores of disease severity or assessments of cognitive function. A certain variability of vitamin D concentration was observed in both cohorts. These outcomes put into perspective the emerging discussion on the importance of vitamin D in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Our results warrant further confirmatory research with a strict matching design of patients and controls, which has not been done in previous investigations. We stress that this case control study does not allow any comment on the putative beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation, i.e. on bone mass or bone mineral density in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
The Manchester Framework For The Evaluation of Emergency Department Pharmacy Services
Authors: Greenwood D , Tully MP , Martin S , Steinke D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Many countries, including the United Kingdom, have established Emergency Department (ED) pharmacy services where some ED pharmacists now work as practitioners. They provide both traditional pharmaceutical care and novel practitioner care i.e. clinical examination, yet their impact on quality of care is unknown.Aim: To develop a framework of structures, processes and potential outcome indicators to support evaluation of the quality of ED pharmacy services in future studies.Method: Framework components (structures, processes and potential outcome indicators) were identified in three ways, from a narrative review of relevant international literature identified through systematic searches; a panel meeting with ED pharmacists; and a panel meeting with other ED healthcare professionals. Structures and processes were collated into categories developed iteratively throughout data collection, with outcome indicators collated into six domains of quality as proposed by the Institute of Medicine. These raw data were then processed e.g. outcome indicators screened for clarity i.e. those which explicitly stated what would be measured were included in the framework.Results: A total of 190 structures, 533 processes, and 503 outcome indicators were identified. Through data processing a total of 153 outcome indicators were included in the final framework divided into the domains safe (32 outcome indicators), effective (50), patient centred (18), timely (24), efficient (20) and equitable (9). Fewer potential outcome indicators were identified for the patient centred, efficient and equitable domains than others. Conclusion: Whilst frameworks to support evaluation of general ED care exist, this is the first framework specific to ED pharmacy services. Although included in the framework, potential outcome indicators require further development prior to their use in evaluation studies. To that end, evaluation teams should be multidisciplinary and ideally involve researchers with expertise in outcome measurement. Finally, evaluation should not neglect some domains of quality at the expense of others, as previously found by the Institute of Medicine. High quality health services are not only safe, effective and timely, but also patient centred, efficient and equitable.