bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a novel nomogram to predict aneurysm rupture in patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Feng Xin , Tong Xin , Peng Fei , Niu Hao , Qi Peng , Lu Jun , Zhao Yang , Jin Weitao , Wu Zhongxue , Zhao Yuanli , Liu Aihua , Wang Daming 
Published: February 2021

Background and purposeApproximately 15%–45% of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms have multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs). Determining which one is most likely to rupture is extremely important for treatment decision making for MIAs patients. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to evaluate the per-aneurysm rupture risk of MIAs patients.MethodsA total of 1671 IAs from 700 patients with MIAs were randomly dichotomised into derivation and validation sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select predictors and construct a nomogram model for aneurysm rupture risk assessment in the derivation set. The discriminative accuracy, calibration performance and clinical usefulness of this nomogram were assessed. We also developed a multivariate model for a subgroup of 158 subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients and compared its performance with the nomogram model.ResultsMultivariate analyses identified seven variables that were significantly associated with IA rupture (history of SAH, alcohol consumption, female sex, aspect ratio >1.5, posterior circulation, irregular shape and bifurcation location). The clinical and morphological-based MIAs (CMB-MIAs) nomogram model showed good calibration and discrimination (derivation set: area under the curve (AUC)=0.740 validation set: AUC=0.772). Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Compared with the nomogram model, the AUC of multivariate model developed from SAH patients had lower value of 0.730.ConclusionsThis CMB-MIAs nomogram for MIAs rupture risk is the first to be developed and validated in a large multi-institutional cohort. This nomogram could be used in decision-making and risk stratification in MIAs patients.
On the gauge transformation for the rotation of the singular string in the Dirac monopole theory
Authors: Pan Xiao-Yin , Chen Yin , Li Yu-Qi , Kogan Aaron G. , Wu Juhao 
Published: February 2021

In the Dirac theory of the quantum-mechanical interaction of a magnetic monopole and an electric charge, the vector potential is singular from the origin to infinity along a certain direction — the so-called Dirac string. Imposing the famous quantization condition, the singular string attached to the monopole can be rotated arbitrarily by a gauge transformation, and hence is not physically observable. By deriving its analytical expression and analyzing its properties, we show that the gauge function [Formula: see text] which rotates the string to another one is a smooth function everywhere in space, except their respective strings. On the strings, [Formula: see text] is a multi-valued function. Consequently, some misunderstandings in the literature are clarified.
Adjustments to Proactive Motor Inhibition without Effector-Specific Foreknowledge Are Reflected in a Bilateral Upregulation of Sensorimotor β-Burst Rates
Authors: Soh Cheol , Hynd Megan , Rangel Benjamin O. , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Classic work using the stop-signal task has shown that humans can use inhibitory control to cancel already initiated movements. Subsequent work revealed that inhibitory control can be proactively recruited in anticipation of a potential stop-signal, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful movement cancellation. However, the exact neurophysiological effects of proactive inhibitory control on the motor system are still unclear. On the basis of classic views of sensorimotor β-band activity, as well as recent findings demonstrating the burst-like nature of this signal, we recently proposed that proactive inhibitory control is implemented by influencing the rate of sensorimotor β-bursts during movement initiation. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis using scalp EEG recordings of β-band activity in 41 healthy human adults during a bimanual RT task. By comparing motor responses made in two different contexts—during blocks with or without stop-signals—we found that premovement β-burst rates over both contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor areas were increased in stop-signal blocks compared to pure-go blocks. Moreover, the degree of this burst rate difference indexed the behavioral implementation of proactive inhibition (i.e., the degree of anticipatory response slowing in the stop-signal blocks). Finally, exploratory analyses showed that these condition differences were explained by a significant increase in β bursting that was already present during baseline period before the movement initiation signal. Together, this suggests that the strategic deployment of proactive inhibitory motor control is implemented by upregulating the tonic inhibition of the motor system, signified by increased sensorimotor β-bursting both before and after signals to initiate a movement.
Behavioral and Neural Fusion of Expectation with Sensation
Authors: Panichello Matthew F. , Turk-Browne Nicholas B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHumans perceive expected stimuli faster and more accurately. However, the mechanism behind the integration of expectations with sensory information during perception remains unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that such integration depends on “fusion”—the weighted averaging of different cues informative about stimulus identity. We first trained participants to map a range of tones onto faces spanning a male–female continuum via associative learning. These two features served as expectation and sensory cues to sex, respectively. We then tested specific predictions about the consequences of fusion by manipulating the congruence of these cues in psychophysical and fMRI experiments. Behavioral judgments and patterns of neural activity in auditory association regions revealed fusion of sensory and expectation cues, providing evidence for a precise computational account of how expectations influence perception.
Effects of Temporal Expectations on the Perception of Motion Gestalts
Authors: Nobre Alexandre de P. , Nikolaev Andrey R. , Gauer Gustavo , van Leeuwen Cees , Wagemans Johan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Gestalt psychology has traditionally ignored the role of attention in perception, leading to the view that autonomous processes create perceptual configurations that are then attended. More recent research, however, has shown that spatial attention influences a form of Gestalt perception: the coherence of random-dot kinematograms (RDKs). Using ERPs, we investigated whether temporal expectations exert analogous attentional effects on the perception of coherence level in RDKs. Participants were presented fixed-length sequences of RDKs and reported the coherence level of a target RDK. The target was indicated immediately after its appearance by a postcue. Target expectancy increased as the sequence progressed until target presentation; afterward, remaining RDKs were perceived without target expectancy. Expectancy influenced the amplitudes of ERP components P1 and N2. Crucially, expectancy interacted with coherence level at N2, but not at P1. Specifically, P1 amplitudes decreased linearly as a function of RDK coherence irrespective of expectancy, whereas N2 exhibited a quadratic dependence on coherence: larger amplitudes for RDKs with intermediate coherence levels, and only when they were expected. These results suggest that expectancy at early processing stages is an unspecific, general readiness for perception. At later stages, expectancy becomes stimulus specific and nonlinearly related to Gestalt coherence.
Multiomic Profiling of Iron Deficient Infant Monkeys Detects Biochemical Signatures of Inflammatory and Neural Dysfunction in Blood and CSF Prior to Anemia
Authors: Sandri Brian , Lubach Gabriele , Lock Eric , Kling Pam , Georgieff Michael , Coe Christopher , Rao Raghavendra 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pre-anemic iron deficiency (ID) and ID anemia in infancy is associated with long-term effects on brain development. Iron is an essential micronutrient needed for multiple neurodevelopmental processes, including energy production, myelination and neurotransmission. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomic and proteomic analyses can potentially characterize the metabolic and protein signatures of aberrant iron-dependent brain development pathways. A better understanding of the timing and course of the biochemical signatures of ID-induced dysfunction in the heme and intrathecal compartments may help with early diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency prior to onset of anemia.
Objective: To determine proteomic and metabolomic signatures of ID-induced dysfunction in serum and CSF of infant monkeys prior to the onset of iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
Methods: Hematological parameters were determined in rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta) at 4 and 6 months of age as they progressed from preanemic ID to IDA (ID group; n=6) or remained iron-sufficient(IS group; n=12). Blood and CSF were collected at 4 and 6 months and metabolically profiled using HPLC/MS with isobaric standards for identification and quantification. Proteomic quantification utilized a custom TMT-labeled workflow with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. Serum and CSF metabolomic and proteomic profiles of the ID and IS groups were compared, along with a a third group of infants that became IDA earlier at 4 months of age (IDA group; n=3).
Results: Evidence of pre-anemic ID was apparent in some infant at 4 months of age with clinical IDA evident at 6 months A (Hgb &lt;10 g/dL and MCV &lt;60 fL). A total of 1,128 CSF proteins and 251 serum proteins were identified and quantified. Over 4,000 metabolite features were observed in serum and CSF across three modalities including reverse phase positive, reverse phase negative and HILIC mode. Pathway analyses provided evidence of increased inflammatory activity, impacts on neural pathways, and bioindicators of acute phase responses in ID and IDA groups. Signs of these metabolic changes were already present in the preanemic ID? period (4 months).
Conclusions: Biomarkers indicating indicative of increased inflammatory activity with downstream effects on pathways involved in normal neural function were detectable in both the CSF and serum of ID monkeys prior to the onset of clinical anemia. Brain-specific proteomic and metabolomic profiling of novel analytes in circulation can facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment of infantile ID to reduce neurodevelopmental risk.
Funded by NIH/NICHD Grant HD089989, this abstract is sponsored by ASH member Zohar Sachs MD, PhD

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of MiR-451a on the Phagocytosis and Polarization of Macrophages
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Dongyue , Wang Hao , Ren Qian , Wang Lina , Yuan Weiping , Zheng Guoguang 
Published: February 2021

Macrophages are important member in tissue microenvironments and play diverse physiologic and pathologic roles. Leukemia associated macrophages (LAM) are a kind of specifically activated macrophages in leukemia microenvironment, which are different from M1, M2 and TAMs. We have reported the heterogeneities in gene expression profiles of LAMs. However, MicroRNA expression profiles of LAMs and regulatory mechanism are still unknown. Here, a MLL-AF9 induced mouse acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model was used, and LAMs in the spleen and bone marrow were sorted for microRNA sequencing. The microRNA expression profiles of LAMs in bone marrow and spleen in AML mice were different from macrophages from control mice. Based on the volcano plot, more than 100 microRNAs were differentially expressed in LAMs compared with macrophages in control mice. Next, five differentially expressed microRNAs were selected and verified by qRT-PCR in LAMs from spleen. The results showed that miR-451a and miR-155-5p in spleen LAMs were significantly upregulated in LAMs from spleen. Overexpression of miR-451a altered the morphology of macrophages, enhanced the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and promotes the expression of macrophage differentiation marker CD11b. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-451a had little effect on M0 macrophages, but increased the proliferation capacity of macrophages upon stimulation toward M1 or M2 phenotype. MiR-451a overexpressed-macrophages had higher level of iNOS when stimulated with LPS or IL-4 whereas there was no difference in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CD206 and Arg-1 between MiR-451a overexpressed-macrophages and control macrophage. Therefore, our data revealed the characteristics of the microRNA expression profile of LAMs for the first time, and verified the effect of miR-451a on macrophage in vitro.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fossil oceanic core complexes in the Alps. New field, geochemical and isotopic constraints from the Tethyan Aiguilles Rouges Ophiolite (Val d’Hérens, Western Alps, Switzerland)
Authors: Decrausaz Thierry , Müntener Othmar , Manzotti Paola , Lafay Romain , Spandler Carl 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExhumation of basement rocks on the seafloor is a worldwide feature along passive continental margins and (ultra-) slow-spreading environments, documented by dredging, drilling or direct observations by diving expeditions. Complementary observations from exhumed ophiolites in the Alps allow for a better understanding of the underlying processes. The Aiguilles Rouges ophiolitic units (Val d’Hérens, Switzerland) are composed of kilometre-scale remnants of laterally segmented oceanic lithosphere only weakly affected by Alpine metamorphism (greenschist facies, Raman thermometry on graphite: 370–380 °C) and deformation. Geometries and basement-cover sequences comparable to the ones recognized in actual (ultra-) slow-spreading environments were observed, involving exhumed serpentinized and carbonatized peridotites, gabbros, pillow basalts and tectono-sedimentary cover rocks. One remarkable feature is the presence of a kilometric gabbroic complex displaying preserved magmatic minerals, textures and crosscutting relationships between the host gabbro and intruding diabase, hornblende-bearing dikelets or plagiogranite. The bulk major and trace element chemistry of mafic rocks is typical of N-MORB magmatism (CeN/YbN: 0.42–1.15). This is supported by in-situ isotopic signatures of magmatic zircons (εHf =  + 13 ± 0.6) and apatites (εNd =  + 8.5 ± 0.8), determined for gabbros and plagiogranites. In-situ U–Pb dating was performed on zircons by laser ablation-ICP-MS, providing ages of 154.9 ± 2.6 Ma and 155.5 ± 2.8 Ma, which are among the youngest for oceanic gabbros in the Alps. Our study suggests that the former Aiguilles Rouges domain was characterized by tectonism and magmatism resembling present-day (ultra-) slow-spreading seafloor. It also suggests that the Tethyan lithosphere is laterally segmented, with punctuated magmatism such as the Aiguilles Rouges gabbros and carbonated ultramafic seafloor covered by basalts and Jurassic tectono-sedimentary deposits.
Potato virus X-mediated constitutive expression of Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana confers resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae
Authors: Moran-Bertot Ivis , Rodríguez-Cabrera Lianet , Borras-Hidalgo Orlando , Huang Siliang , Kan Yunchao , Wright Denis J. , Ayra-Pardo Camilo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The Plutella xylostella PxSDF2L1 gene was previously reported to enhance insect resistance to pathogen at high basal transcription rate. PxSDF2L1 shows similitude with the stromal cell-derived factor 2 (SDF2), an ER stress-induced chaperon protein that is highly conserved throughout animals and plants. The precise biological function of SDF2 is not clear, but its expression is required for innate immunity in plants. Here, we investigate whether a continuous expression of PxSDF2L1 in Nicotiana benthamiana can similarly confer resistance to plant pathogen, particularly, the black shank Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae.

Results
The N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with agrobacteria transformed with a PVX-based binary vector carrying the PxSDF2L1 gene; similar agroinoculation experiments with a PVX vector carrying the GFP gene were used for controls. In pot trials, agroinfected N. benthamiana plants constitutively expressing PxSDF2L1 showed a significant reduction of stem disease symptoms caused by the inoculation with P. parasitica, compared with controls.

Conclusions
We confirm a role of PxSDF2L1 in resistance to black shank, with a potential application to engineering active resistance against this oomycete in the commercial N. tabacum species and propose its evaluation in other crop families and plant pathogens.
The STS case study: an analysis method for longitudinal qualitative research for implementation science
Authors: Van Tiem Jennifer M. , Schacht Reisinger Heather , Friberg Julia E. , Wilson Jaime R. , Fitzwater Lynn , Panos Ralph J. , Moeckli Jane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Ethnographic approaches offer a method and a way of thinking about implementation. This manuscript applies a specific case study method to describe the impact of the longitudinal interplay between implementation stakeholders. Growing out of science and technology studies (STS) and drawing on the latent archaeological sensibilities implied by ethnographic methods, the STS case-study is a tool for implementors to use when a piece of material culture is an essential component of an innovation.

Methods
We conducted an ethnographic process evaluation of the clinical implementation of tele-critical care (Tele-CC) services in the Department of Veterans Affairs. We collected fieldnotes and conducted participant observation at virtual and in-person education and planning events (n = 101 h). At Go-Live and 6-months post-implementation, we conducted site visits to the Tele-CC hub and 3 partnered ICUs. We led semi-structured interviews with ICU staff at Go-Live (43 interviews with 65 participants) and with ICU and Tele-CC staff 6-months post-implementation (44 interviews with 67 participants). We used verification strategies, including methodological coherence, appropriate sampling, collecting and analyzing data concurrently, and thinking theoretically, to ensure the reliability and validity of our data collection and analysis process.

Results
The STS case-study helped us realize that we must think differently about how a Tele-CC clinician could be noticed moving from communal to intimate space. To understand how perceptions of surveillance impacted staff acceptance, we mapped the materials through which surveillance came to matter in the stories staff told about cameras, buttons, chimes, motors, curtains, and doorbells.

Conclusions
STS case-studies contribute to the literature on longitudinal qualitive research (LQR) in implementation science, including pen portraits and periodic reflections. Anchored by the material, the heterogeneity of an STS case-study generates questions and encourages exploring differences. Begun early enough, the STS case-study method, like periodic reflections, can serve to iteratively inform data collection for researchers and implementors. The next step is to determine systematically how material culture can reveal implementation barriers and direct attention to potential solutions that address tacit, deeply rooted challenges to innovations in practice and technology.
The effect of family-based counseling on domestic violence in pregnant women referring to health centers in Sahneh city, Iran, 2018
Authors: Babaheidarian Fereshteh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Sangestani Gita , Roshanaei Godratollah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Domestic violence is a term that shows aggressive behavior with different physical, psychological, economic, and social dimensions. This concept is considered as one of the health priorities regarding its significant effects on pregnancy, postpartum, and the outcome of pregnancy. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of family-based counseling on domestic violence against pregnant women.

Methods
An intervention trial was conducted on 92 pregnant women exposed to domestic violence, selected among 274 pregnant women accessible in Sahneh, Iran. Data collection was performed using the standard questionnaire of domestic violence against women of Mohseni Tabrizi. The pregnant women exposed to violence were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (in two groups of 45 people). In the intervention group, three 45-min individual counseling sessions were held for the pregnant women and their spouses according to Greeting, Ask, Tell, Help, Explain, and Refer (GATHER) principles. Four weeks after the end of the sessions, the two groups again completed the questionnaire.

Results
Family-based counseling intervention reduced the mean score of domestic violence in the intervention group from 68.58 ± 9.21 before the intervention to 49.56 ± 8.83 after intervention. Also, various domains of violence including mental, verbal, financial, physical, sexual, and social violence were significantly declined in the intervention group (P < 0.001); however, there was no significant decrease in emotional violence score (P > 0.001).

Conclusion
Family-based counseling plays a significant role in reducing the various types of violence against women through increasing the awareness of couples and by improving the relationship between couples during pregnancy. It will reduce the incidence of violence against a pregnant woman and consequently reduce complications on the mother and pregnancy outcomes. Family-oriented counseling played a significant role in deterring all forms of violence against women by increasing awareness of couples and improving their relationship during pregnancy. Moreover, family-oriented counseling reduced the incidence of violence against pregnant women and thus deterred maternal complications associated with pregnancy.