bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune infiltrating cells in cholangiocarcinoma may become clinical diagnostic markers: based on bioinformatics analysis.
Authors: Zhang yongwei , Chen Sihan , Li Jun , Dai Wei , Qian yeben 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a malignant tumor originating from the secondary bile duct and its branch epithelium. Among primary liver tumors, the incidence of ICC is second only to hepatocellular carcinoma. tumor microenvironment can regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. This study is dedicated to finding more markers that can diagnose ICC by finding the differential tumor microenvironment cells between ICC and normal tissues. Methods: We wanted to study the infiltration of immune cells between the cholangiocarcinoma of the same patient and its paired non-tumor tissues, to explore the difference of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and adjacent non-tumor tissues in the same organism. So, we searched the relevant data of patients with ICC from the GEO database and found that the GSE45001 data set meets our research needs. CIBERSORT database is used to calculate immune cell composition. Finally, perform visual analysis and data statistics to find out the differentially expressed immune cells. Results: we found that the expression levels of Dendritic cells activated, Macrophages M2 and T cells regulatory (Tregs) in ICC were higher than normal tissues and the expression levels of Macrophages M1, Monocytes and T cells follicular helper in ICC were lower than normal tissues. Conclusion: These 6 types of immune cells are expected to become molecular markers for clinical diagnosis of ICC.
Selecting an anti-malarial clinical candidate from two potent dihydroisoquinolones
Authors: Chen Yizhe , Zhu Fangyi , Hammill Jared , Holbrook Gloria , Yang Lei , Freeman Burgess , White Karen L , Shackleford David M , O’Loughlin Kathleen G , Tang Liang , Charman Susan A , Mirsalis Jon C , Guy R Kiplin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The ongoing global malaria eradication campaign requires development of potent, safe, and cost-effective drugs lacking cross-resistance with existing chemotherapies. One critical step in drug development is selecting a suitable clinical candidate from late leads. Herein we present the process used to select the clinical candidate SJ733 from two potent dihydroisoquinolone (DHIQ) late leads, SJ733 and SJ311, based on their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK), and toxicity profiles. Methods: The compounds were tested to define their physicochemical properties including kinetic and thermodynamic solubility, partition coefficient, permeability, ionization constant, and binding to plasma proteins. Metabolic stability was assessed in both microsomes and hepatocytes derived from mice, rats, dogs, and humans. Cytochrome P450 inhibition was assessed using recombinant human cytochrome enzymes. The pharmacokinetic profiles of single intravenous or oral doses were investigated in mice, rats, and dogs. Results: Although both compounds displayed similar physicochemical properties, SJ733 was more permeable but metabolically less stable than SJ311 in vitro. Single dose PK studies of SJ733 in mice, rats, and dogs demonstrated appreciable oral bioavailability (60-100%), whereas SJ311 had lower oral bioavailability (mice 23%, rats 40%) and higher renal clearance (10-30 fold higher than SJ733 in rats and dogs), suggesting less favorable exposure in humans. SJ311 also displayed a narrower range of dose-proportional exposure, with plasma exposure flattening at doses above 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: SJ733 was chosen as the candidate based on a more favorable dose proportionality of exposure and stronger expectation of the ability to justify a strong therapeutic index to regulators.
Just like fireworks in my brain – a Swedish interview study on experiences of emotions in female patients with eating disorders
Authors: Petersson Suzanne , Gullbing Lydia , Perseius Kent-Inge 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with eating disorders have reported poorer emotional awareness, more emotional suppression, less use of adaptive emotional regulation strategies, and more use of maladaptive emotional regulation strategies compared to people in healthy control groups. Aim: To explore experiences of emotions by a transdiagnostic sample of patients with eating disorders. Method: Nine patients with different eating disorder diagnoses at an eating disorder outpatient clinic in Sweden were interviewed for their thoughts on emotions. The interviews were analyzed with Thematic Analysis. Result: Four themes were constructed: "Not knowing what one feels", "Switch off, run away, or hide behind a mask", "Emotions in a lifelong perspective", and "Using eating behaviours to regulate emotions". The patients described uncertainty regarding whether they experienced emotions correctly. They described how they tried to avoid difficult emotions through suppressive strategies and eating disorder behaviour. All described strategies were inefficient and all emotions were experienced as problematic, even joy. Since joy was used as a mask, the real experience of happiness was lost and mourned. Conclusion: All kinds of emotions were considered problematic to experience, but shame, fear, and sadness were considered worst. It is difficult to know if the emotional difficulties preceded an eating disorder, however such difficulties may have increased as a result of the eating disorder.
Sex and nest type influence avian blood parasite prevalence in a high elevation bird community
Authors: Rodriguez Marina D. , Doherty Paul F. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Huyvaert Kathryn P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background - Prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites and the factors influencing infection in the Colorado Rocky Mountains are largely unknown. With climate change expected to promote the expansion of vector and avian blood parasite distributions, baseline knowledge and continued monitoring of the prevalence and diversity of these parasites is needed. Methods - Using an occupancy modeling framework, we conducted a survey of haemosporidian parasite species infecting an avian community in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in order to estimate prevalence and diversity of blood parasites and to investigate species-level and individual-level characteristics that may influence infection. Results - We estimated prevalence and diversity of avian haemosporidia across 24 bird species, detecting 39 parasite haplotypes. We found that open cup nesters have higher Haemoproteus prevalence than cavity or ground nesters. Additionally, we found that male Ruby-crowned Kinglets, White-crowned Sparrows, and Wilson’s Warblers have higher Haemoproteus prevalence compared to other host species. Conclusions - Our study presents baseline knowledge of haemosporidian parasite presence, prevalence, and diversity among avian species in the Colorado Rocky Mountains and adds to our knowledge of host-parasite relationships of blood parasites and their avian hosts.
Working short and working long: can primary healthcare be protected as a public good in Lebanon today?
Authors: Hamadeh Randa Sami , Kdouh Ola Ali , Hammoud Rawan , Leresche Enrica , Leaning Jennifer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this commentary we propose four questions to be addressed while building a meaningful public primary healthcare response in Lebanon today. These questions emerge from two imperatives: the necessity to consider both short- and longer-term struggles in a context of protracted conflict and the need to protect public health as a public good whilst the public Primary Healthcare Network (PHCN) is facing the Covid19 pandemic. In order to identify how these questions are related to the need to be working short and long, we look at the imprints left by past and present shocks. Profound shocks of the past include the Lebanese civil war and the Syrian refugee crisis. We analyse how these shocks have resulted in the PHCN developing resilience mechanisms in order to ensure a space for healthcare provision that stands public in Lebanon today. Then, we consider how two present shocks -- the economic breakdown and the blast of ammonium nitrate in Beirut port -- are affecting and threatening the progress made by the PHCN to ensure that primary healthcare remains a public good, a fragile space acquired with difficulty in the past half century. We identify what questions emerge from the combined consequences of such traumas, when the immediate constraints of the present meet the impediments of the past. We consider what such questions mean more broadly, for the people living in Lebanon today, and for the PHCN ability to respond to the Covid 19 pandemic in a relevant way. Our hypothesis is that in a protracted conflict, such as the one defining the circumstances of Lebanon now, public access to primary healthcare might persist for the people as one safeguard, in which social and moral continuity can be anchored to protect a sense of public good.
Predictors of maternal and neonatal complications in patients with severe valve heart disease during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hammami Rania , Hadj Mohamed Ali Ibn , Mejdoub Yosra , Bahloul Amine , Charfeddine Selma , Abid Leila , Kammoun Samir , Dammak Abdallah , Chaabene Kais 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The severe valve disease especially stenosis is a contraindication to conception according to World Health Organization. This situation is still encountered in countries with a high rheumatic fever prevalence. The objective of this study is to determine the predictors of maternal cardiac, obstetric and neonatal complications.Methods: This is an observational study of all pregnant women with severe valvulopathy, delivered between 2010 and 2017.Results: We included 60 pregnancies in 54 women. Cardiac complications occurred in 37 patients (61%). In multivariate analysis, the predictors of these complications were parity (OR = 2.41, p = 0.023), revelation of valvulopathy by pregnancy (OR = 6.34, p = 0.025), severe mitral stenosis (OR= 6.84, p= 0.035) and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (OR = 1.08, p= 0.01). Obstetrical complications were noted in 19 women (31.8%). The predictors of these complications were primiparity (OR = 5.22, p = 0.032), multiple valve disease (OR = 5.26, p = 0.028), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (OR = 1.04, p = 0.04) and treatment with vitamin K antagonist (OR = 8.71, p = 0.04). Neonatal complications were noted in 39% of new-borns. The predictors of these complications were the occurrence of obstetric complications (OR = 15.48, p = 0.001) and the revelation of valvulopathy by pregnancy (OR = 6.95, p = 0.017).Conclusions: The revelation of valve disease by pregnancy is a predictor not only of cardiac complication but also of neonatal complications, thus valve disease screening during pre-conceptional counselling is so crucial.
Serious Games for Improving Technical Skills in Medicine: Scoping Review
Authors: Olgers Tycho Joan , bij de Weg Anne Akke , ter Maaten Jan Cornelis 
Published: January 2021

Background
Serious games are being used to train specific technical skills in medicine, and most research has been done for surgical skills. It is not known if these games improve technical skills in real life as most games have not been completely validated.

Objective
This scoping review aimed to evaluate the current use of serious games for improving technical skills in medicine and to determine their current validation state using a validation framework specifically designed for serious games.

Methods
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A multidatabase search strategy was adopted, after which a total of 17 publications were included in this review.

Results
These 17 publications described five different serious games for improving technical skills. We discuss these games in detail and report about their current validation status. Only one game was almost fully validated. We also discuss the different frameworks that can be used for validation of serious games.

Conclusions
Serious games are not extensively used for improving technical skills in medicine, although they may represent an attractive alternative way of learning. The validation of these games is mostly incomplete. Additionally, several frameworks for validation exist, but it is unknown which one is the best. This review may assist game developers or educators in validating serious games.
POLA KOMUNIKASI KELUARGA DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL BERISIKO PADA REMAJA TUNARUNGU DI SEKOLAH LUAR BIASA KECAMATAN PATRANG KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Ramadhani Livia Dwi , Susanto Tantut , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Deaf adolescent during their development needs special attention particularly parents, to prevent risk for sexual behavior. Risk for sexual behavior among deaf adolescent related to the role of parents can be facilitated by families on how families communicate issues regarding reproductive health of deaf adolescents.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the family communication patterns and risky sexual behavior in Disabled Children School, Patrang regency of Jember district
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 53 deaf adolescent aged 11-20 with convenience sampling. A questionnaire was used to identify the sociodemography of participants while the data family communication patterns of was obtained by using the Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire and Adolescents Reproductive Health (ARH) Questionnaire to measure risky sexual behavior. Spearman test was performed to analyze the objective of the study.
Results: There is a correlation between family communication patterns and risky sexual behavior in Disabled Children School, Patrang regency of Jember district (r = -0,301; p-value= 0,029).
Conclussion: Family communication patterns received by deaf adolescents determine their sexual behavior. Deaf adolescents with dysfunctional family communication patterns tend to show risky sexual behavior.
Keywords: family communication pattern, risk for sexual behavior, deaf adolescents
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Remaja tunarungu selama tumbuh kembangnya membutuhkan perhatian khusus terutama orang tua, untuk mencegah perilaku seksual berisiko. Perilaku seksual berisiko di kalangan remaja tunarungu berkaitan dengan peran orang tua dan dapat difasilitasi oleh keluarga terkait bagaimana keluarga mengkomunikasikan masalah kesehatan reproduksi remaja tunarungu.
Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara pola komunikasi keluarga dengan perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja tunarungu di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dilakukan pada 53 remaja tunarungu berusia 11-20 tahun dengan convenience sampling. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner Pola Komunikasi Keluarga dan Kuesioner Adolescents Reproductive Health (ARH) untuk mengukur perilaku seksual berisiko.
Hasil: Ada hubungan antara pola komunikasi keluarga dengan perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja tunarungu di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember (r = -0,301; p-value= 0,029).
Kesimpulan: Pola komunikasi keluarga yang diterima oleh remaja tunarungu menentukan perilaku seksualnya. Remaja tunarungu dengan pola komunikasi keluarga disfungsional cenderung menunjukan perilaku seksual yang berisiko.

Kata kunci: pola komunikasi keluarga, perilaku seksual berisiko, remaja tunarungu
Modern approach to tactics of management of patients with cervical intraepitital neoplasia of easy degree
Authors: Tkachenko Liudmila V. , Sviridova Nataliia I. , Kostenko Tatiana I. , Gritsenko Irina A. , Shishimorova Svetlana G. 
Published: January 2021

Aim. Evaluate the effectiveness of management tactics for patients with mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination of 72 patients aged 18 to 35 years with morphologically verified CIN I was performed. The main group consisted of 36 patients who, along with active observation, were prescribed vaginal suppositories diindolylmethane at a dose of 200 mg per day for 3 months. The comparison group included 36 patients who, according to clinical recommendations, had chosen the tactics of active observation.
Results. An analysis of the outcomes of mild squamous intraepithelial lesions after 12 months showed that in the main group CIN I regression was observed in 91.7% of patients, persistence in 8.3% of cases, while in the comparison group CIN I regression was noted in 69. 4% of cases, persistence in 25% of patients, and progression to CIN II in 5.6% of cases.
Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that the inclusion of diindolylmethane, which has multi-target antitumor activity, in the treatment of pre-invasive diseases of the cervix in young women.
POLIS AS A MODEL FOR ASSEMBLING THE «SOCIAL» IN EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Рассадин Сергей Валентинович 
Published: January 2021

Обострившиеся в условиях глобализации социальные конфликты демонстрируют перманентную проблемность «социального» как феномена. Концептуальное оформление данного феномена во многом определяет не только понимание, но и варианты последующих социальных трансформаций. При этом устойчивость многих социальных интеллектуальных построений на протяжении столетий не вызывает сомнений. Актуальность наиболее ранних социальных представлений, которые во многом предзадали европейскую традицию социальной мысли тем самым очевидна. Анализируется генезис социальных идей в ранней греческой философии. Автор эксплицирует «протосоциальные» воззрения в творчестве ряда досократических мыслителей. В исследовании используются методы дискурсивного анализа и акторно-сетевой теории. В результате проведённого теоретического изыскания выявлены наиболее значимые механизмы генезиса «социального» в начале европейской интеллектуальной традиции.
The aggravated social conflicts in the context of globalization demonstrate the permanent problematic nature of the «social» as a phenomenon. The conceptual design of this phenomenon largely determines not only understanding, but also options for subsequent social transformations. At the same time, the stability of many social intellectual constructions over the centuries is beyond doubt. The relevance of the earliest social concepts, which in many ways foreshadowed the European tradition of social thought, is thus obvious. The genesis of social ideas in early Greek philosophy is analyzed. The author explicates «social» views in the works of a number of pre-Socratic thinkers. The work uses the methods of discourse analysis and actor-network theory. As a result of the theoretical study, the most significant mechanisms of the genesis of the «social» at the beginning of the European intellectual tradition have been identified.
"Overpoliced and Underprotected": Racialized Gendered Violence(s) in Ta-Nehisi Coates's Between the World and Me
Authors: Puyuelo Ureña Eva 
Published: January 2021

Ta-Nehisi Coates’s Between the World and Me (2015) evidences the lack of visibility of black women in discourses on racial profiling. Far from tracing a complete representation of the dimensions of racism, Coates presents a masculinized portrayal of its victims, relegating black women to liminal positions even though they are one of the most overpoliced groups in US society, and disregarding the fact that they are also subject to other forms of harassment, such as sexual fondling and other forms of abusive frisking. In the face of this situation, many women have struggled, both from an academic and a political-activist angle, to raise the visibility of the role of black women in contemporary discourses on racism.
Terapia antidepresiboaren azken pausoak: oraina eta geroa
Authors: Erkizia-Santamaria Ines , Ortega Jorge E. , Horrillo Igor 
Published: January 2021

Depresioa gaixotasun psikiatriko ohikoenen artean dago, eta haren intzidentziaren gorakada etengabea da. Depresioaren jatorria eta mekanismo etiologikoak azaltzen dituzten hainbat teoria garatu diren arren, gaixotasunaren oinarri neurobiologikoaren alderdi asko ezezagunak dira oraindik. Hipotesi esanguratsuenak depresioaren teoria monoaminergikoa, neurotrofikoa eta neuroinflamatorioa dira, eta horien eta beste batzuen jatorria, ebidentziak eta xehetasunak aditzera ematen dira berrikuspen honetan. Iraganean depresioa tratatzeko farmakoen aurkikuntza zorizkoa izan da, eta haien ekintza-mekanismoen ikerketak gaixotasunean ageri diren nahasmendu neurobiologikoei buruzko ezagutza eman digu. Azken hamarkadetan, aldiz, paradigma aldatu da, eta tratamendu berriak depresioaren etiopatogeniaren ituetan oinarritzen hasi dira. Patologiaren tratamendu farmakologikoaren oinarrian antidepresibo klasikoak daude. Duela hamarkada ugari aurkitu ziren, eta geroztik erabili dira: monoaminooxidasaren inhibitzaileak, antidepresibo triziklikoak eta monoaminen birxurgapenaren inhibitzaileak. Trazodona eta mirtazapina antidepresiboak, profil farmakodinamiko konplexuagokoak, urte batzuk geroago garatu ziren. Farmako talde horien eragin desiragaitz ohikoak ekiditeko eta tratamenduaren eraginkortasuna hobetzeko xedez ekintza-mekanismo alternatiboak esploratu dira, eta ikerketa horietatik sortu dira, esate baterako, agomelatina, tianeptina eta bortioxetina. Horien eraginkortasuna eta erabilera oso mugatuak dira, dena den. Ketamina, aldiz, denbora laburrean depresioaren tratamenduaren iraultza abian jarri duen substantzia izan da, sintomen hobekuntza nabarmena eta azkarra erakutsi duelako entsegu anitzetan, segurtasun eta tolerantzia egokiarekin batera. Azkenik, nabarmentzekoak dira substantzia haluzinogenoak, depresioaren eta beste gaixotasun psikiatrikoen tratamendurako erakutsi duten potentzial izugarriari esker. Depresioari dagokionez, psilozibina da psikodelikoen artean azpimarragarriena: paziente deprimituen hobekuntza azkarra eta iraunkorra eragiten badu ere, haren mekanismo antidepresiboak ezezagunak dira, eta horiek argitzeko entseguak ikerketaren gailurrean daude egun.
Image Classification Using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Elizarov Artem Aleksandrovich , Razinkov Evgenii Viktorovich 
Published: January 2021

Recently, such a direction of machine learning as reinforcement learning has been actively developing. As a consequence, attempts are being made to use reinforcement learning for solving computer vision problems, in particular for solving the problem of image classification. The tasks of computer vision are currently one of the most urgent tasks of artificial intelligence.
The article proposes a method for image classification in the form of a deep neural network using reinforcement learning. The idea of ​​the developed method comes down to solving the problem of a contextual multi-armed bandit using various strategies for achieving a compromise between exploitation and research and reinforcement learning algorithms. Strategies such as -greedy, -softmax, -decay-softmax, and the UCB1 method, and reinforcement learning algorithms such as DQN, REINFORCE, and A2C are considered. The analysis of the influence of various parameters on the efficiency of the method is carried out, and options for further development of the method are proposed.