bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, And Antitumor Activity Study of a Novel Long-Acting Paclitaxel Nanodrug Delivery System Constructed On a Curcumin Derivative Carrier
Authors: Pi chao , Zeng Mingtang , Ma Jingwen , Guo Pu , Shen Hongping , Zhang Xiaomei , Zou Yonggen , Guo Yongcan , Li Ke , Zhao Wenmei , Wei Yumeng , Zhao Ling 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose/Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) has been widely used in the clinic to treat breast cancer. However, its poor water solubility and intolerable toxicity greatly reduce the efficacy and medication safety. In this paper, a curcumin derivative (CUD) synthesized by the research group was used as a carrier to prepare a new type of PTX nanodrug delivery system (CUD-PTX-LN), thereby improving the safety of PTX medication and enhancing the anti-tumor effect.Methods: CUD-PTX-LN was prepared by solid dispersion technology and the dialysis method was adopted to investigate the release behavior of CUD-PTX-LN in vitro. Meanwhile, the dynamic process of nanoparticles in vivo was analyzed by pharmacokinetic experiments. Hemolysis experiment, acute toxicity and cumulative toxicity were conducted in mice to evaluate the safety of CUD-PTX-LN. Subsequently, the anti-tumor activity of CUD-PTX-LN was investigated using in vitro and in vivo breast cancer cell models.Results: The average particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential of CUD-PTX-LN were 238.5 ± 4.79 nm, 0.225 ± 0.011 and -33.8 ± 1.26 mV, respectively. CUD-PTX-LN had an encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of 94.20 ± 0.49% and an achievable drug loading (%DL) of 10.98 ± 0.31%. This nanoparticle was stable for up to half a year when the lyophilized powder was stored at room temperature. Cytotoxicity test on MCF-7 cells demonstrated the stronger cytotoxic activity of nanoparticles in comparison to free PTX. CUD-PTX-LN significantly prolonged the half-life and retention time of PTX. The area under the curve (AUC) of CUD-PTX-LN was 14.72 mg/L × h, which was 6 times that of the free PTX group (2.38 mg/L × h). In anti-tumor experiments in vivo, CUD-PTX-LN possessed the advantages of improving the antitumor efficacy and reducing the toxic side effects of drugs. Importantly, CUD-PTX-LN is safer than free PTX in terms of assessing hemolytic, acute and cumulative toxicity.Conclusion: A novel PTX nanodrug delivery system constructed based on CUD as a carrier holds great potential in improving breast cancer treatment.
Development and Validation of a Novel Diagnostic Model for Initially Clinical Diagnosed Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Using An Extreme Gradient-Boosting Machine
Authors: Hu Bozhi , Wang Chao , Jiang Kewei , Shen Zhanlong , Yang Xiaodong , Yin Mujun , Liang Bin , Xie Qiwei , Ye Yingjiang , Gao Zhidong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common gastrointestinal soft tissue tumor. Clinical diagnosis mainly relies on enhanced CT, endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), but the misdiagnosis rate is still high without fine needle aspiration biopsy. We aim to develop a novel diagnostic model by analyzing the preoperative data of the patients.
METHODS
We used the data of patients who were initially diagnosed as gastric GIST and underwent partial gastrectomy. The patients were randomly divided into training dataset and test dataset at a ratio of 3 to 1. After pre-experimental screening, max depth = 2, eta = 0.1, gamma = 0.5, and nrounds = 200 were defined as the best parameters, and in this way we developed the initial extreme gradient-boosting (XGBoost) model. Based on the importance of the features in the initial model, we improved the model by excluding the hematological features. In this way we obtained the final XGBoost model and underwent validation using the test dataset.
RESULTS
In the initial XGBoost model, we found that the hematological indicators (including inflammation and nutritional indicators) examined before the surgery had little effect on the outcome, so we subsequently excluded the hematological indicators. Similarly, we also screened the features from enhanced CT and ultrasound gastroscopy, and finally determined the 6 most important predictors for GIST diagnosis, including the ratio of long and short diameter under CT, the CT value of the tumor, the enhancement of the tumor in arterial period and venous period, existence of liquid area and calcific area inside the tumor under EUS. Round or round-like tumors with a CT value of around 30 (25–37) and delayed enhancement, as well as liquid but not calcific area inside the tumor best indicate the diagnosis of GIST.
CONCLUSIONS
We developed a model to further differential diagnose GIST from other tumors in initially clinical diagnosed gastric GIST patients by analyzing the results of clinical examinations that most patients should have completed before surgical resection.
Palladium Supported On Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Functionalized Cellulose: Synthesis, Characterization, And Its Application In Carbon−Carbon Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Xu Zhian , Xu Jinxi , Zheng Waner , Li Yiqun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Through the esterification of cellulose (Cell) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-functionalized cellulose (Cell-EDTA) was conveniently obtained. Furtherly a novel and efficient Cell-EDTA-supported palladium catalyst (Pd@Cell-EDTA) was easily prepared via coordination of Cell-EDTA with PdCl2. The as-prepared Pd@Cell-EDTA was fully characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Flourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) techniques. Then Pd@Cell-EDTA were successfully exerted as catalysts in Suzuki reactions and Sonogashira reactions. Due to the interactions of carboxylic groups, nitrogen atoms, and hydroxyl groups on cellulose, the Pd complex showed excellent activity towards these carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions. The catalyst recycling experiment for Suzuki model reaction showed that the catalyst can be reused at least five times without significant losing its catalytic performance. The present cellulose-based Pd@Cell-EDTA catalyst offers the salient features of wide application, excellent catalytic activity, good reusability, tolerance of broad scope of substrate, and environmental benign.
A Topological Perspective on Weather Regimes
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Chantry Matthew , Dorrington Joshua , Otter Nina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
It has long been suggested that the mid-latitude atmospheric circulation possesses what has come to be known as `weather regimes', loosely categorised as regions of phase space with above-average density and/or extended persistence. Their existence and behaviour has been extensively studied in meteorology and climate science, due to their potential for drastically simplifying the complex and chaotic mid-latitude dynamics. Several well-known, simple non-linear dynamical systems have been used as toy-models of the atmosphere in order to understand and exemplify such regime behaviour. Nevertheless, no agreed-upon and clear-cut definition of a `regime' exists in the literature. We argue here for an approach which equates the existence of regimes in a dynamical system with the existence of non-trivial topological structure of the system's attractor. We show using persistent homology, an algorithmic tool in topological data analysis, that this approach is computationally tractable, practically informative, and identifies the relevant regime structure across a range of examples.
Effects of Spatial Expansion Between Phragmites Australis And Cyperus Malaccensis On Temporal Variations And Bioaccumulation of Vanadium In Coastal Marshes of The Min River Estuary, Southeast China
Authors: Yao Shaohui , Sun Zhigao , Li Yajin , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Vanadium (V) plays important roles in physio-ecological processes of marsh plants. To investigate the effects of spatial expansion between native invasive species (Phragmites australis, PA) and common native species (Cyperus malaccensis, CM) on temporal variations and bioaccumulation of V in coastal marshes of the Min River estuary, in situ filed sampling was conducted in PA marsh (PAM, before expansion), CM marsh (CMM, before expansion) and ecotonal marsh (EM, during expansion, marsh plants were denoted by PA' and CM') at different seasons by space-for-time substitution method. Results showed that, over all sampling seasons, the mean V contents in marsh soils ranged from 99.71 to 108.41 mg·kg-1 which exceeded its background value in soils of Fujian province (78.3 mg·kg-1). The V levels in soils differed among seasons or marshes. Higher V contents in soils of PAM, EM and CMM generally occurred in spring and winter. Over all sampling seasons, the V levels in profiles of EM were much higher than those of PAM and CMM. The temporal variation of V levels in soils of EM might rest with the alterations of soil pH, SOM and plant ecological traits during the spatial expansion. Although the V contents in PA, PA', CM' and CM differed among tissues, both the roots/stems (R/S) and roots/leaves (R/L) ratios were larger than 1 while the stems/leaves (S/L) ratios were less than 1, implying that the values in roots were much higher than those in other tissues. The V levels in tissues differed among species or seasons, which could be interpreted by the differences in ecological traits among plants and the competitive absorption for V by plants during the spatial expansion. Allocations of V in organs differed among seasons or species and roots were the main V stock of plant subsystems. This paper found that the V in soils of the Min River estuary existed enrichment process and the spatial expansion between PA and CM promoted its enrichment in soils and its bioaccumulation by plants.
A Spatiotemporally Explicit Paleoenvironmental Framework for the Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa
Authors: Timbrell Lucy , Grove Matt , Manica Andrea , Rucina Stephen , Blinkhorn James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Eastern Africa has played a prominent role in debates about human evolution and dispersal due to the presence of rich archaeological, palaeoanthropological and palaeoenvironmental records. However, substantial disconnects occur between the spatial and temporal resolutions of these data that complicate their integration. Here, we apply high-resolution climatic simulations of two key parameters, mean annual temperature and precipitation, and a biome model, to produce a highly refined characterisation of the environments inhabited during the eastern African Middle Stone Age. Occupations are typically found in sub-humid climates and landscapes dominated by or including tropical xerophytic shrubland. Marked expansions from these core landscapes include movement into hotter, low-altitude landscapes in Marine Isotope Stage 5 and cooler, high-altitude landscapes in Marine Isotope Stage 3, with the recurrent inhabitation of ecotones between open and forested habitats. Through our use of high-resolution climate models, we demonstrate a significant independent relationship between past precipitation and patterns of Middle Stone Age stone tool use overlooked by previous studies. Engagement with these models not only enables spatiotemporally explicit examination of climatic variability across Middle Stone Age assemblages in eastern Africa but enables clearer characterisation of the habitats early human populations were adapted to, and how they changed through time.
Developing Status and Hotspot Analysis of Health Policy With Bibliometrics Methods: 2011-2020
Authors: Lu Xinyue , Ali Sajid , Yang Shuang , Feng Yueqiao , Sun Meiling , Kong Junhui , Li Ruifeng , Xu Kun , Huang Youliang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: This study mainly discusses the developing status in the field of health policy in recent two decades to provide an effective reference for researchers.Methods: Health policy publications published in Web of Science between 2011 to 2020 were searched, screened, organized, and analyzed the yearly-outputs, research author, institution, regional distribution, keywords, subject categories, and so on.Results: The total number of publications in health policy has shown a trend of upward in the past twenty years. Health policy was identified as the most productive journal. The research of United States takes the lead in this field. Health care, public health, epidemiology, children, and quality of life will likely to take a dominant position in future research.Conclusion: The field of health policy has developed a stable research community with good partnerships, and the high-impact authors lead the development of the discipline. The hotspots of health policy research are constantly updated with the trend of social development and have strong timeliness. With constantly study, health policy has become a relatively mature research topic, but it doesn't mean the termination of the study. It remains to be properly explored and improved to protect people’s health and promote the quality of life in the future.
Voluntary Exercise Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Overexpression in the Lumbar Dorsal Horns in Response to Injury to the Cervical Spinal Cord
Authors: Cheng Xing , Yu Zhengran , Hu Wenjie , Chen Jiacheng , Chen Wei , Wang Le , Li Xiang , Zhang Wenwu , Chen Jiewen , Zou Xuenong , Chen Wenli , Wan Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a frequent finding in patients diagnosed with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). We aimed to investigate the effects of voluntary exercise on NP after SCI and to elucidate its potential mechanisms. MethodsA rat model of post-SCI NP induced by compression of the posterior or lateral cervical spinal cord was used to evaluate the effects of voluntary exercise by measuring the bilateral withdrawal of the hind paws using the Von Frey filament and Hargreaves tests. The place escape/avoid paradigm was used to evaluate supraspinal pain processing and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were used to examine disturbances in proprioception. Locomotor function was evaluated using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring. Pathologic findings in hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate the morphological changes after SCI. The lesion size within the cervical spinal cord was evaluated by staining with Eriochrome cyanine R. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the lumbar dorsal horns. ResultsAll injured rats developed mechanical hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, and thermal hyperalgesia in the contralateral hind paws at one week post-injury. Rats that underwent lateral compression injury developed NP in the ipsilateral hind paws one week later than rats with a posterior compression injury. Our findings revealed that voluntary exercise ameliorated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and significantly improved proprioception as measured by SEP, but had no impact on mechanical hypoalgesia or motor recovery and provided no significant neuroprotection after recovery from an acute SCI. SCI-induced NP was accompanied by increased expression of CGRP and Iba-1 in the lumbar dorsal horn. These responses were reduced in rats that underwent voluntary exercise. ConclusionsVoluntary exercise ameliorates NP that develops in rats after compression injury. Increased expression of CGRP and Iba-1 in the lumbar dorsal horns of rats exhibiting symptoms of NP suggests that microglial activation might play a crucial role in its development. Collectively, voluntary exercise may be a promising therapeutic modality to treat NP that develops clinically in response to SCI.
The Correlation between Aire and ICOSL Expression in Peripheral Blood CD14+ Cells and Tfh Cells and Disease Activity in RA Patients
Authors: Huo Feifei , Zou Xueyang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Rongchao , Wang Xiaoya , Lu Yaoping , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent trans-ethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that autoimmune regulator (Aire) played a pivotal role in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Our preliminary research showed that Aire can affect T follicular helper (Tfh) cells differentiation by regulating the expression of inducible costimulator molecule ligand (ICOSL) on DCs. The abnormal levels of Tfh cells are related to the pathogenesis of RA, which can promote autoantibody production by helping autoreactive B cells activation.Therefore, the abnormal expression of the Aire in RA patients may lead to increased expression of ICOSL, promoting the differentiation of Tfh cells and the secretion of autoantibodies, consequently resulting in RA. However, to date, changes in the Aire, Tfh cell, and ICOSL levels in the peripheral blood of RA patients have not been reported. This study assessed the expression level of Aire and ICOSL and the number of Tfh cells in the peripheral blood of patients with RA and then explored the relationship between these three factors and RA severity. We are attempting to further explore the pathogenesis of RA to develop targeted treatments.Methods: Fifteen RA patients were enrolled, basic clinical information of the patients was collected, blood samples were collected to examine the Aire expression, ICOSL expression and CD4+CXCR5+PD1+ (Tfh cell) numbers in circulation before treatment. The relationship between these three factors and RA severity was explored.Results: This study showed that compared with the control group, the levels of circulating Aire in RA group significantly reduced, while the ICOSL expression levels and Tfh cell numbers in the peripheral blood of RA group were increased. Additionally, the Aire expression levels were negatively correlated with the ICOSL expression levels and Tfh cell numbers, and the ICOSL expression levels were positively correlated with Tfh cell numbers. Moreover, the Aire and ICOSL expression levels and Tfh cell numbers were correlated with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) levels and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). Conclusions: These results suggested the abnormal Aire gene expression in RA patients may affect Tfh differentiation by regulating the expression of ICOSL, leading to the autoantibodies production and promote the onset of RA.
Patches of Dual Functions for Wideband MIMO Array Antenna with Linear or Circular Polarization Characteristics
Authors: Zaker Reza , Khalily Mohsen , Tafazolli Rahim , Kishk Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a design of a monopole-based four-element MIMO array antenna is proposed. The design is based on a novel technique that makes a patch be a ground plane of the next patch. Thus, each patch has a dual function. This method is named the sharing technique. Thus, for the first time, two of such antennas can be merged, providing a subminiature structure. The method is introduced step by step. Then, a 2×2 MIMO array with a total area of 49×49 mm 2 is designed, which provides a miniaturized of 57% (from 0.18λ 2 0 to 0.076λ 2 0 @ 1.7GHz). Two linearly-polarized array samples are evaluated. One sample with center-fed patches and another with off-center-fed. Both samples provide a semi-end-fire pattern with a minimum front-to-back (F/B) ratio of 11dB and 360° rotation capability with wide 10-dB S 11 bandwidths over 100%. Moreover, an ultra-wideband circularly polarized array with broadside radiation can be achieved by simultaneous, sequential exciting all ports. The antenna achieves isolation better than 15dB, peak efficiency of 95%, and 5.9dBi gain verified with different measurements.
Non-Prostate Cancer Tumours: Incidence on 18f-Dcfpyl Psma Pet/Ct and Psma Expression Characteristics in 1445 Patients.
Authors: Perry Elisa , Talwar Arpit , Sharma Sanjana , O'Connor Daisy , Wong Lih-Ming , Taubman Kim , Sutherland Tom R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeProstate cancer (PCa) imaging has been revolutionized by Positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeted to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Identification and characterization of non-PCa tumors has become an increasing clinical dilemma with growing use. The primary aim of this retrospective multicenter analysis was to determine atypical PSMA expression in PCa and expression in non-PCa tumors to aid providing clinically relevant reports and guiding multidisciplinary discussion.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study examining 1445 consecutive 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT between 2016-2020. Referrals were from public and private, secondary and tertiary referral centres serving New Zealand and Melbourne. Repeat studies were excluded. Lesions atypical for PCa were categorized into four groups: 1. Atypical PCa metastases 2. Non-PCa tumors 3. Benign and 4. Indeterminate.Results67 patients had lesions atypical for PCa metastases; 11.9% atypical prostate cancer metastases, 25.4% non-PCa tumors, 40.3% indeterminate, 10.4% benign. With the exception of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), the non-PCa tumors, indeterminate and benign lesions demonstrated low PSMA expression. Most atypical PCa metastases demonstrated significant expression. Limitations included retrospective design and lack of histopathological correlation/follow up in some.Conclusions: Non-PCa tumor detection is low. Lesions demonstrating significant PSMA expression were almost exclusively PCa metastases. Differentiation of atypical PCa metastases from second primary malignancies is vital to avoid unnecessary investigation, delayed therapy and additional costs.
Model Smoke Stream Adsorption over Cellulose Acetate Stick with Three-dimensional Temperature Gradient by Combining in-situ DRIFTS with Infrared Thermal Imaging
Authors: Xu Xin , Du Xi , Zheng Feng , Guo Lisheng , Shi Panwei , Li Mengmeng , Fang Zhengyu , Liu Jiuyi , Cai Mengdie , Sun Song 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of the smoke stream (SR) on cellulose acetate stick as cigarette filter with different temperatures is beneficial for controlling chemical emissions and reducing the toxic effect of smoking on human health. However the investigation of corresponding adsorption properties was missing because the adsorption of smoke stream (SR) on cigarette cellulose acetate stick is sensitive with the three-dimensional temperature gradient. In this work, the adsorption of typical smoke stream substances, such as CO, propylene glycol, formaldehyde, and acetone, on cellulose acetate stick were studied by in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with different temperatures assisted by the infrared thermal imaging method. The adsorption capacities of cellulose acetate stick to these typical smoke stream substances is dependent on the adsorption time and temperature. The adsorption properties all fitted well with the Freundlich model. By a spectroscopic and mathematical explanation, quantifying contours of adsorption was performed. The 3D model of the normalized CO adsorption of cellulose acetate stick versus the spatial coordinates and time was established. This study gives unparalleled insight into smoking release characteristics of tobacco filtered by cellulose acetate and regulating cellulose acetate stick for reducing the negative effect of smoke on human health.