bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avulsion Injuries of the Thumb: Survival Factors and Functional Results of Replantation
Authors: Aziz Waqar , Noojin Frank , Arakaki Akira , Kutz Joseph E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven cases of replantation for avulsion injuries of the thumb from 1979 to 1987 were analyzed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria required all thumbs to have tendinous attachments (either the extensor pollicis longus or the flexor pollicis longus) to the amputated part. Thirteen replants survived for an overall survival rate of 48%. Avulsions at or proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint had a survival rate of 83% compared with a 38% survival rate distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. This difference was not statistically significant. Of the 13 patients with surviving replanted thumbs, 11 (85%) achieved protective sensation only and 2 attained a two-point discrimination <10 mm. Of the 13 replanted thumbs that survived, 7 were treated with primary arthrodesis, 4 at the level of the interphalangeal joint and 3 at the metacarpophalangeal joint. The other 6 thumbs were treated with primary or secondary tendon transfers.
In a literature review of thumb avulsion injuries, survival rates range from 26% to 100%. In this study, tendon transfers and primary arthrodesis were useful adjuncts in the management of thumb avulsions, and the majority of patients with successfully replanted thumbs attained protective sensation only. Larger studies are needed to better define statistically significant relationships affecting replantation survival.
A Comparison of Danaparoid and Warfarin for Prophylaxis Against Deep Vein Thrombosis After Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Comp Philip C , Voegeli Thomas , McCutchen John W , Skoutakis Vasilios A , Trowbridge Arthur , Overdyke William L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Orgaran (danaparoid sodium injection) is a novel antithrombotic agent. Early studies suggest that this compound may be beneficial in preventing deep vein thrombosis in predisposed patients. This multicenter, randomized, assessor blinded, clinical trial compared subcutaneous danaparoid with warfarin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Bilateral venography was used to detect thrombi. Patients also underwent follow-up examinations 1, 2, and 3 months after discontinuation of the study to determine the after effects of treatment.
Nearly 27% of patients who received warfarin and 14.6% of patients who received danaparoid developed deep vein thrombosis, a risk reduction of 46%. The absolute difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 12.3% in favor of danaparoid. The incidence of venographically documented proximal deep vein thrombosis was 1.5% for danaparoid and 4.1% for warfarin. These results demonstrate that danaparoid is more effective than warfarin in preventing deep vein thrombosis following hip replacement surgery. The preoperative administration of danaparoid does not increase surgical blood loss compared with warfarin.
Allografting in Uncemented Acetabular Revision
Authors: Reikeraas Olav , Folleraas Gunnar , Winge Johan F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
From 1987 to 1991, a total of 43 acetabular revisions were performed in 39 patients aged 36 to 79 years. In group A (26 revisions in 24 patients), morselized allograft was used to fill in cavitary acetabular defects, and in group B (17 revisions in 15 patients), a solid (bulk) allograft was used to reconstruct defects of the acetabular rim, mainly superiorly. An uncemented acetabular cup was used in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 7 years. Results demonstrated that while large structural or morselized allografts are useful in reconstructing the anatomy, there is a high rate of loosening due to resorption. The failure rate of bulk graft was higher than that of morselized graft, but because the bone stock in failures is usually restored, a second revision is easier.
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Diurnal Variations
Authors: Wroblewski B M , Siney Paul D , Fleming Patricia A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
From 1970 through 1986, a total of 18,104 Charnley low-friction arthroplasties were performed; of these, 122 deaths occurred from pulmonary embolism within 1 year of surgery. Diagnosis was confirmed by post-mortem examination in 71% of cases. The exact time of the onset of the complication was recorded in 90 cases. In 74 (82%) cases, the time of collapse occurred during the 7-hour period from 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, and in 16 (18%) cases, it occurred in the 17-hour period from 4:00 PM to 9:00 AM. The patient's activity at the time of collapse was recorded in 73 cases. Sixty (82%) were mobile, 3 were in the bathroom, and 10 (14%) were in bed. Sixty-six (70.2%) patients died within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms.
Arthroscopic Findings in the Initial Stages of Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Santori N , Villar R N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Standard radiographic projections have poor diagnostic ability in detecting early degenerative changes of the hip. Comparison of arthroscopic and radiographic findings is the best method to assess the accuracy of conventional radiography. This study reviewed the records and radiographs of 234 hip arthroscopies. One hundred eighty-six of the patients had normal preoperative radiographs; of these, 60 (32.2 %) had evidence of osteoarthritis at arthroscopy. The extent and location of the chondral damage were studied, and both of these parameters were correlated to the radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis. Hips with normal radiographs but arthroscopic osteoarthritis were found to have less damage compared with the radiographically osteoarthritic hip. Hips with normal radiographs also were more likely to have only one side (60%) of the joint damaged, either the acetabulum or femoral head. Conversely, when osteoarthritis was evident radiographically, both sides of the joint were usually involved (75.7%). These patients are often young (average age: 36 years), and women are more likely to be affected than men (71 % versus 29%).
The Lumbosacral Nerves in Relation to Dorsal S1 Screw Placement and Their Locations on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A , Haman Steve P , Xu Rongming , Stanescu Stephan , Yeasting Richard A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seven adult cadaver lumbopelvises were harvested to study the anatomic relationship of the L4 and L5 nerves to Sl dorsal screw placement and the location of the L4, L5, and Sl nerves on plain radiographs. The mean lateral angle of Sl screw trajectory toward the L4 nerve was 31 ±8°, and the mean screw trajectory length was 53±8 mm. The mean lateral angle of the screw trajectory toward the L5 nerve was 21 ±8°, and the mean screw trajectory length was 38±4 mm. On both inlet and outlet radiographs, the lateral angle of the nerves increased from L4 to Sl . The L4 nerve coursed over the middle third of the superior ala in the inlet view and the middle third of the lateral mass in the outlet view. The L5 nerve coursed over the inner third of the superior ala and inner third of the lateral mass. On the lateral view, the mean distances from the sacral promontory to the L4, L5, and Sl nerves along the anterior border of the sacrum were 4±7 mm, 12±5 rnm, and 28±8 mm, respectively. This study suggests that Sl sacrai screws be directed between 30° and 40° lateral to avoid compromising the lumbosacral trunk and sacroiliac joint.
The Relationship Between Acromial Morphology and Conservative Treatment of Patients With Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Wang Jeffrey C , Horner Gregory , Brown Eric D , Shapiro Matthew S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study assessed the predictive value of acromial morphology in the treatment outcome of patients with impingement syndrome. Sixty-five patients with impingement syndrome were treated by a single orthopedic surgeon according to the same protocol and initially received the same conservative modalities. The incidence of acromial types in the nonoperative group was significantly different from those in the operative group (P=.008). A large proportion (88.9%) of the patients with type I acromions responded to conservative measures, while fewer (73.1%) patients with type II acromions responded to conservative measures. The majority (58.3%) of patients with type III acromions required surgical intervention. Acromial morphology appears to have a predictive value in determining the success of conservative measures and the need for surgery in patients with impingement syndrome.
Current Concepts in Sports Medicine: The Use of COX-2 Specific Inhibitors and the Emerging Trends in Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Andrews James R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Arthritis does not escape the athlete. From the recreational athlete to the professional athlete, arthritis can be a common and perplexing problem. In the typical orthopedic sports medicine practice, it is no longer uncommon to see relatively young patients suffering from arthritis. It can affect the major joints such as the knee, hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow. One of the most common problems is shoulder arthritis secondary to injury in recreational athletes. Athletes at risk for shoulder arthritis typically include overhead athletes and weight lifters. The clinical presentation is usually specific for pain, decreased range of motion, and sometimes mechanical symptoms. Physical examination reveals a loss of motion, crepitus, catching, and locking; often, there is associated underlying instability. Radiographs can confirm the diagnosis of glenohumeral degenerative arthritis.
Pain control is a primary objective when treating these athletes with arthritis at any level. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors are emerging as primary treatment because of their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Although a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors block the en2ymes that trigger pain and inflammation, while sparing a related enzyme that helps maintain the normal stomach lining (cyclooxygenase-1 ). In contrast, traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block both enzymes and may cause damage to the stomach lining, potentially leading to ulcers.
Minimally invasive surgery can be performed as a palliative procedure for treating early arthritis in athletes. These procedures include removal of loose bodies, debridement, capsular release, and other associated procedures such as rotator cuff repair and decompression.
Rehabilitation plays an important role in nonoperative treatment and also an important roie in postoperative treatment particularly to restore motion. Modification of activities continues to be an important adjunct in managing these types of arthritic problems in relatively young athletes.
Three-Dimensional Computerized Selection of Hip Prostheses in Patients With Congenital Dislocated Hips
Authors: Gelalis Ioannis D , Xenakis Theodore A , Hantes Michael , Vartziotis Kostantine , Soucacos Panayiotis N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study assessed the effectiveness of the combined use of computed tomography (CT) and computeraided design (CAD) in the preoperative evaluation and implant selection in 20 patients (20 hips) with congenital dislocation of the hip who were scheduled to undergo total hip arthroplasty. Computerized selection of the femoral implant with optimum fit and fill was made after a three-dimensional reconstruction of the femoral canal using CT data and CAD. Implantation of all sizes of 5 noncemented and 2 cemented femoral implants was simulated using CATIA software (IBM, Kingstone, NY). When patients underwent surgery, 1 8 of 20 preselected prostheses agreed by type and size with the prostheses implanted. The remaining 2 preselected implants agreed by type only. In patients with dislocated and dyspJastic hips, combined use of CT and CAD allows effective preoperative planning by providing the surgeon with vital information about the proximal femoral canal geometry and the possible femoral implant with optimum fit and fill to be used.
Selecting Technical Skills to Teach for Competency
Authors: Kieffer Judith S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This pilot project describes a method using data from the clinical setting to assist nurse educators in the selection of technical nursing skills to teach for competency within the basic nursing program. Based on Dr. Dorothy del Bueno's proposal that skills taught should be those which are most frequently performed and considered most important in the community where new graduates are employed, five registered nurses in 16 metropolitan hospitals were asked to rate 154 technical nursing skills for frequency and importance. Findings for medical-surgical, intensive care, obstetric and pediatric areas, as well as for all groups combined, are described as skills ranking from 1) most frequent to least frequent, 2) most important to least important, and 3) most important/most frequent to least important/least frequent. Examination of skills placement within the rankings assisted faculty within an associate degree program to decide which skills to select and which to eliminate from the program.
Computer-Managed Instruction: An Alternative Teaching Strategy
Authors: Day Rene , Payne Louise 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Computer-managed instruction is an instructional strategy whereby the computer is used to provide learning objectives, learning resources, and assessment of learner performance. Computer-managed instruction (CMI) aids the instructor in instructional management without actually doing the teaching. Central CMI themes discussed in the literature are individualization, behavioral objectives, and educational technology. The main objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of two teaching strategies: CMI versus the traditional lecture method. The learning objectives were based on specified theoretical content from a Health Assessment course for baccalaureate nursing students. The design of the study was quasiexperimental incorporating two experimental treatments applied to two groups on two occasions. Data analysis addresses differences between groups using CMI and the traditional lecture method. The variables examined were the cognitive performance of learners, the learners attitude toward the instructional strategy, the learners retention of knowledge, the time involved in mastering the learning objectives, and the relationship between learner characteristics and the effectiveness of the instructional strategy. No significant mean difference (p<0.05) was found between groups on cognitive performance as measured by written and practical examination scores. For these first-year baccalaureate nursing students, CMI did not prove to be a positive instructional method as assessed by the Attitude Questionnaire. The majority of students preferred a combination of instructional methods. There was no significant difference between groups in the time spent meeting the learning objectives by either teaching strategy. The findings suggested that these students preferred learning strategies that are traditional in nature and teacher directed. The implications of the study are discussed in relation to the applicability of alternative instructional methods in nursing education.
Baccalaureate Student Nurse Success Prediction: A Replication
Authors: Wold Jean E , Worth Charles 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The use of group testing that predicts success in understanding and using the nursing process suggests a tempting solution to a vexing problem: selecting those students from an applicant pool who have the potential to successfully complete a nursing program. Failure to replicate or extend previous studies has been recognized as a major limitation in nursing research (Brown, Tanner, & Padrick, 1984). The purpose of this research was to replicate a study using a set of four short test instruments identified as being successful predictors (Kissinger & Munjas, 1982). As part of a larger research project, four successive classes of students admitted to the school of nursing (N = 155) were tested and followed over a 4½-year period with 100% participation. The results were not supportive of the findings in the previous study. The importance of cross validation of prediction studies, as well as the need for periodic sampling of previously validated prediction batteries due to changing elements in selection programs, was demonstrated. The study's outcome and the nursing literature suggest that some configuration of prerequisite grade point average, with all of its limitations and student manipulations, and a required verbal SAT/ACT score may still be the most efficient predictors available to admission committees in schools of nursing.
A Study to Determine the Difference in Clinical Judgment Abilities Between BSN and Non-BSN Graduates
Authors: Sanford Martha , Genrich Sandra , Nowotny Mary 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this retrospective study is to determine the difference in clinical judgment abilities of recent baccalaureate nurses (BSN) seeking employment in a large metropolitan hospital and of nurses without a baccalaureate degree. Using an ex post facto design, the orientation records of 116 newly hired nurses were analyzed to determine the clinical judgment abilities using video vignettes produced by Medcom, Inc. Findings indicated that there was no difference in clinical judgment in newly hired BSN and non-BSN graduates. These findings indicate a need for more research studies to determine how clinical judgment is developed and to evaluate teaching strategies that facilitate clinical judgment.
Effects of Structured Controversy on Students' Perceptions of Their Skills in Discussing Controversial Issues
Authors: Pederson Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The teaching strategy that educators use when addressing controversial issues can help students develop the skills they need to deal effectively with controversial issues. Structured controversy is designed to allow students to practice these skills. This study measured the change in students' perceptions of their skills in perspectivetaking, logical arguing, and reaching consensus after using structured controversy on two controversial issues. Results of two-factor analyses of variance and comparison of means indicate significant positive changes in 51 senior nursing students' perceptions of their skills in perspectivetaking (<.001), logical arguing (<.01), and reaching consensus (<.01). These results are consistent with findings of previous research studies on the effectiveness of structured controversy.
Power and Change in Health Care: Challenge for Nursing
Authors: Cohen Leland B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article proposes the need for consideration of status and power issues in nursing research, in theory, and at all levels of nursing education. Including the concept of power in nursing curricula will better prepare nurses to participate in social and political decisions affecting health care. By recognizing the role nurses have played, often in the face of opposition, nursing students will gain a sense of the potential power and strength of nurses. Curricular reform and revision of nursing theories to emphasize the sociopolitical context of nursing may change the socialization of student nurses by stressing autonomy, independence, and confidence. These changes may have a positive impact on recruitment, retention, and on efforts to change the public's perception of nursing.
Empowerment Through Teaching
Authors: Chally Pamela S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Empowerment through teaching is built on the feminist belief that successful and effective teaching is a cointentional process, emerging from meaningful connections between students and faculty. Empowerment results from teaching characterized by caring, commitment, creativity, interaction, and a recognition of the humanity of both teacher and students. Teaching is conceptualized as a directional process emerging from the energy of both student and teacher. There must be continued, intense, and frequent exchange of these energies. The tools that students and teacher must possess or acquire for empowerment include positive self-concept, creativity, resources, information, and support. This perspective permits a new understanding of teaching that results in empowerment of both parties involved in the process of learning.
Undergraduate Preparation for Primary Health Care Roles in an Academic Nursing Center
Authors: Tyree Elizabeth A , Henly Susan J , Schauer Janet B , Lindsey Deborah L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe goal of the Nursing Center at the University of North Dakota is to prepare professional nurses to meet priority health needs of the next century through service to people currently in need. Health needs in the state, educational needs related to preparation for primary health care roles, and an explicit nursing paradigm for primary health care framed the development of the Nursing Center. As an integral part of the College of Nursing, the Nursing Center serves as a primary site for undergraduate clinical experiences. Family-centered, community-based programs were designed to simultaneously meet health needs of underserved rural populations and educational needs of undergraduates for preparation in primary health care roles. Implementation proved feasible from both service and educational perspectives. Initial evaluation data demonstrated a high level of effective clinical activity and role development for students beyond that experienced in more traditional settings.
Using Feedback to Reduce Students' Judgment Bias on Test Questions
Authors: Flannelly Laura T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTBACT
Judgment bias represents a common tendency of people to inaccurately gauge the extent of their own knowledge. While research has shown that people tend to overestimate their knowledge on hard questions and underestimate their knowledge on easy questions, overconfidence poses a more pernicious problem from an educational perspective since it can undermine students' ability to monitor their own learning effectively and interfere with their test performance. The findings of the present study show that students who perform poorly on a test are more overconfident about their answers to hard test questions, especially those they answer wrongly, than are students who perform better. The results also show that judgment bias can be reduced by providing feedback to students about their prior performance and confidence on specific test questions. This intervention was found to be effective in decreasing both underconfidence on easy questions and overconfidence on hard questions regardless of students' performance level.
Perspective Transformation in RN-to-BSN Distance Education
Authors: Cragg C E (Betty) , Plotnikoff Ronald C , Hugo Kylie , Casey Alberta 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study examines perspective transformation (or professional resociahzation) in RN-to-BSN students obtaining their degree by distance education. A socialization scale was used to compare newly admitted and graduating RN-to-BSN students who had taken their courses onsite, by distance education, or a mixture of the two methods. The scores of entering and graduating RN-toBSN students also were compared to those of graduates from the generic program to identify if program and experience are factors in scores achieved. Results indicate that all BSN graduates had significantly higher scores than the diploma-prepared nurses entering the RN-to-BSN program. RN-to-BSN graduates who had used distance education had the highest scores, followed by the onsite RN-to-BSN students. Students who had taken a mixture of distance and onsite courses had scores similar to those of generic program graduates. Experience and full-time employment status were significantly associated with higher scores among graduating RN-to-BSN students. Implications for nurse educators working with RN-to-BSN students who use distance education are discussed.