bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of a Capnophilic Small Colony Variant of Escherichia Coli Co-Isolated With Two Other Strains From a Patient With Bacteremia in China
Authors: Gao Shuo , Zhang Zhifeng , Xu Xuejing , Zhou Hui , Zhu Hong , Zhang Yan , Cao Xiaoli , Zhou Wanqing , Shen Han 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Small colony variants (SCVs) are a slow-growing subpopulation of bacteria characterized by their atypical colony morphology and distinct biochemical properties, which are known to cause chronic persistent infections. Here, we investigated the characteristics of three phenotypes of Escherichia coli, including a capnophilic SCV, co-isolated from a 64-year-old patient with bacteremia in China. The three strains were identified as a capnophilic strain (EC1), a capnophilic SCV (EC2), and a wild-type strain (EC3). The EC1 and EC2 strains did not grow in the absence of CO2, while the EC2 colonies were pinpoint in appearance and had the ability to revert to the large-form phenotype. The growth of the SCV was slow and not enhanced in the presence of thymidine, hemin, thiamine, and menadione. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility showed similar sensitivity to cefoxitin and imipenem, but resistant to most of the other antimicrobials tested. Whole genome sequencing showed that no genetic mutational variations associated with SCVs were observed, while EC1, EC2 and the revertible strains of EC2 lacked the can gene. Multi-locus sequence typing showed that all strains belonged to ST457 and nucleotide similarity analysis indicated that they had high homology. In conclusion, we report rarely described co-isolated forms of three phenotypes of E. coli that included acapnophilic SCV in a patient with bacteremia. The capnophilic SCV strain had atypical morphology and biochemical characteristics with the absent of can gene. Based on our findings, we have discussed the laboratory identification, characterization, mechanisms, and clinical treatment of capnophilic SCV strains.
Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella
Authors: Venardou Brigkita , O’Doherty John V. , Maher Shane , Ryan Marion T. , Gath Vivian , Ravindran Rajeev , Kiely Claire , Rajauria Gaurav , Garcia-Vaquero Marco , Sweeney Torres 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE), possessing an in vitro anti- Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in pigs. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the anti- S. Typhimurium activity of ANE (≈ 47% fucoidan) in vitro , and; 2) compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected pigs. This was established post-weaning (newly weaned pig experiment) and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with S. Typhimurium (challenge experiment).

Results

In the in vitro assay, increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in S. Typhimurium counts ( P < 0.05). In the newly weaned pig experiment (12 replicates/treatment), high ANE supplementation increased growth to feed ratio, similar to ZnO supplementation, and reduced faecal Salmonella counts on day 21 compared to the low ANE and control groups ( P < 0.05). The challenge experiment included thirty-six pigs from the previous experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments (control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group) apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on day 21 (ZnO-residual group). These dietary treatments had no effect on performance, faecal scores, Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts ( P > 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the control. Enterobacteriaceae counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control (P < 0.05). ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control ( P < 0.05).

Conclusions

ANE supplementation promoted a healthier composition in the colonic microbiota, reduced Salmonella shedding, and the expression of inflammatory genes associated with persistent Salmonella infection.
Rate of Recovery and Symptomatic Efficacy of a Polyherbal AYUSH Formulation in the Treatment of SARS CoV-2 disease: A Single-arm trial
Authors: Kanchibhotla Divya , Harsora Prateek , Subramanian Saumya , reddy Ravi , Venkatesh Hari 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the human coronavirus SARS CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths across the globe. Not only is the SARS CoV-2 virus highly infectious, it also mutates very easily. This creates additional challenges for development of robust therapeutic solutions. Along with modern system of healthcare, there is a definite need for exploring natural plant based antiviral compounds directed against the SARS CoV-2 virus.
Objective

The present observational study investigates the efficacy of an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation of 19 ingredients, NOQ19, in the management of COVID-19.
Methodology:

A single arm, single centric, open label study design was adopted for this feasibility study. 161 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The enrolled participants were provided the Ayurvedic intervention, 2 tablets of NOQ19, thrice daily along with the standard of care treatment. Follow up COVID-19 RT- PCR tests were conducted on Day 5, Day 10 and Day 14, or until the patient turned negative. The time required for testing negative on the RT-PCR test or becoming asymptomatic was noted.
Results

A subjective analysis demonstrated that 74% of patients turned RT-PCR negative within 5 days of taking NOQ19. Additionally, 98% of the subjects turned RT-PCR Negative on Day 10 after taking NOQ19 in addition to the standard of care treatment of Vitamin C, Zinc and antipyretic (as necessary). None of the participants reported any adverse or side effects to the medication.
Conclusion

NOQ19 Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation can be an effective and safe option for the symptomatic management of COVID-19.
Litter Breakdown among Intermittently Connected and Unconnected Geographically Isolated Wetlands (GIWs): How Nutrient Pulses Alter Wetland Function
Authors: Smith Chelsea R. , Golladay Stephen W. , Atkinson Carla L. , Clayton Brian A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) comprise a significant portion of the wetlands in the U.S., connecting to surrounding landscapes in varying ways and providing diverse ecosystem functions. Understanding the consequences of wetland connections across space and time are crucial in understanding GIW function. We compared nutrient concentrations, litter breakdown, and associated macroinvertebrate communities from 2018–2019 in three wetlands connected by an intermittent flow path to agricultural fields, to three unconnected GIWs. Litter bags were constructed of two mesh sizes to reduce macroinvertebrate abundances. We observed increased breakdown with increased connection to agricultural fields, likely the result of increased nutrients such as phosphorus increasing microbial activity. Enhanced breakdown in the connected wetlands was transient, varying between years with the degree of connection. While water quality measures did not consistently show increased nutrient levels across all connected wetlands, lower litter N:P within connected wetlands provided a broader look at nutrient subsidies. Macroinvertebrate abundance was greater in connected wetlands when connection occurred and shredder abundance was greater later during breakdown, however high variability obscured any pattern with breakdown rates. Comparing litter decomposition rates in our study to previous studies, we note that our connected wetlands functioned more similarly to flowing waters while the unconnected wetlands functioned similar to discrete wetlands. Future climate predictions indicate increased winter rainfall for this region which will increase the degree and frequency of hydrologic connection and associated nutrient transport. Understanding how seasonal variability alters wetland function is important in understanding the roles wetlands play in landscape ecosystem function.
Impact of the Gamma Variant on the ICU Admission in a Hospital of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina
Authors: Mandich Veronica , Chiacchiara Daniel , Bravo Marcelo , Pilipec Antonio , Grimaldi Santiago , Cotez Johnny , Paniouk Victor , Arevalo Henry , Escobar Oswaldo , Flach Sebastian Perez , Pozo Amilcar Herbas , Aimar Alejandro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Comparison between patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with ventilatory support during the first and second wave (Gamma variant) of COVID 19 in a tertiary hospital in the City of Buenos Aires.Method: Descriptive, observational, prospective cohort study in ICU of an acute general hospital in Argentina, with patients adult patients COVID-19 admitted consecutively to the ICU. The ICU the main variables of interest: Demographic and laboratory data, history, duration of MV, mortality.Results: 44 patients were recruited during the first wave, and 80 in the second. Significant differences were observed in the second wave for age (60, [SD 11]; vs 68 [SD 11]; p <0.01), days with symptoms (9 [SD 5]; vs 4.5 [SD 3]; p <0.01), duration of MV (10 days [SD 7]; vs 16 [SD 13]; p <0.01), Ferritin (1450 mcg / l [SD 547]; vs 941 mcg / l [ SD 593]; p 0.04) and use of antibiotics (97% vs 45% p <0.01). There was no difference in mortality (66% vs 78% p 0.14) but there was in its primary causes; being more frequent hypoxemia associated with sepsis in the second wave (40% vs 3.4% p <0.01) and hypoxemia and multiorgan failure in the first (28% vs 4% p <0.01).Conclusions: During the second wave of the pandemic, due to Gamma variant, more patients were admitted to our unit, younger, with a longer evolution time, a shorter time on MV and a greater inflammatory response, with no difference in mortality, although there was a difference in its causes.
Event Prediction Model Considering Time and Input Error Using Electronic Medical Records in the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Study
Authors: Sung MinDong , Hahn Sangchul , Han Chang Hoon , Lee Jung Mo , Lee Jayoung , Yoo Jinkyu , Heo Jay , Kim Young Sam , Chung Kyung Soo 
Published: November 2021

Background
In the era of artificial intelligence, event prediction models are abundant. However, considering the limitation of the electronic medical record–based model, including the temporally skewed prediction and the record itself, these models could be delayed or could yield errors.

Objective
In this study, we aim to develop multiple event prediction models in intensive care units to overcome their temporal skewness and evaluate their robustness against delayed and erroneous input.

Methods
A total of 21,738 patients were included in the development cohort. Three events—death, sepsis, and acute kidney injury—were predicted. To overcome the temporal skewness, we developed three models for each event, which predicted the events in advance of three prespecified timepoints. Additionally, to evaluate the robustness against input error and delays, we added simulated errors and delayed input and calculated changes in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values.

Results
Most of the AUROC and area under the precision-recall curve values of each model were higher than those of the conventional scores, as well as other machine learning models previously used. In the error input experiment, except for our proposed model, an increase in the noise added to the model lowered the resulting AUROC value. However, the delayed input did not show the performance decreased in this experiment.

Conclusions
For a prediction model that was applicable in the real world, we considered not only performance but also temporal skewness, delayed input, and input error.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ANIMATION MOVIE IN IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS
Authors: Nuansari Hasti , Sriyanto Widi 
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to prove the effectiveness of using animation movie in improving speaking ability of elementary students. The research was conducted in one class of the fourth grade with twenty-nine students and the selected samples were taken by random sampling. The data collection used an oral test as it is an experimental research by using T-test at 0.05 significance level. The results showed that the score of t-observation (to) was 9.43. Moreover, on the 0.05 significance level and with df n-1=28 the score of t-table (tt) was 1.70. It appears to > tt (9.43 > 1.70). It can be concluded that using animation movie in teaching speaking was effective for the elementary students. Benefits of the research result were by using animation movie the students could be more confident to speak with others because animation movies had interesting content that made the students interested to retell the animation movie with their own sentences. Therefore, they could be easier to make their own visualization with the movies which they had watched. However, it would be better if a language teacher gives many chances to practice in the classroom along with interesting media.
The Beneficial Learning Effects of Combining a Hypothesis-Testing Mindset with a Causal Model
Authors: Huo Kun , Kelly Khim , Webb Alan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Firms often use causal models to align decision-making with strategic objectives. However, firms often operate in changing environments such that an accurate causal model can become inaccurate. Prior research has not examined the consequences that a change in the accuracy of causal models may have for managerial learning. Using an experiment, we predict and find that providing an accurate causal model positively affects managerial learning, and this positive effect is not reduced by encouraging a hypothesis-testing mindset (HTM). However, when the model subsequently becomes inaccurate, we predict and observe that providing a causal model alone negatively affects managerial learning, although this effect is partially mitigated by additionally encouraging a HTM. Our results can inform designers of control systems about the potential implications of providing a causal model when its accuracy changes over time and demonstrate how simple encouragement of a HTM moderates the effects of providing a causal model.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
JEL Classifications: C91; M41.
Independence Commitment dan Orientasi Etika pada Intensi Melakukan Whistleblowing dengan Moral Reasoning menjadi Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Alfi Syahr Oryza Daffa , Ashedica Pesudo David Adechandra 
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh orientasi etika dan independendence commitment terhadap intensi melakukan whistleblowing dengan moral reasoning sebagai variabel moderasi pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh 272 sampel mahasiswa sebagai responden dalam penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Independence commitment memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap intensi melakukan whistleblowing, dengan tingkat signifikan yang rendah, orientasi etika tidak berpengaruh terhadap intensi melakukan whistleblowing, dan moral reosing tidak dapat memoderasi hubungan antara dua variabel bebas tersebut terhadap intensi melakukan whistleblowing pada mahasiswa aktif.
Kompensasi, Motivasi dan Budaya Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Zebua Iren Kurnia , Lumban Toruan Josua Evan , Pasaribu Devi Novita , Tanjung Maya Agustina 
Published: November 2021

Kinerja karyawan pada perusahaan banyak mengalami penurunan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kompensasi yang tidak sesuai dengan yang dikorbankan kepada perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompensasi, motivasi kerja, dan budaya terhadap kinerja pegawai. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah seluruh 70 karyawan. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan Non-Probability sampling ialah sampel jenuh yang berjumlah 30 orang. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis determinasi, uji signifikansi simultan (F-test) dan uji signifikansi parsial (t-test). Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai thitung (3,447) > ttabel (1,981) dan signifikan yang diperoleh 0,001 < 0,05, berarti Kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Nilai thitung (3,009) > ttabel (1,981) dan signifikan yang diperoleh 0,003 < 0,05, berarti secara parsial Motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Nilai thitung (3,005) > ttabel (1,981) dan signifikan yang diperoleh 0,003 < 0,05. Ini berarti bahwa secara parsial budaya berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Ini berarti bahwa kompensasi, motivasi kerja dan budaya berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai. Implikasi penelitian ini dapat memberikan evaluasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja karyawan.
Knowledge and Attitude of Guardians in Management of Avulsion of Primary and Permanent Teeth of Children: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Abbasi Hira , Lal Abhishek , Jaffrani Ammara Shamim 
Published: November 2021

Aims: This study aims to assess knowledge and attitude of guardians in management of dental avulsion of the children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Pakistan, from April to May 2021. A total of 400 parents were recruited. An online self-administered questionnaire was circulated to the parents after taking the informed consent. 17 questions regarding demographics, knowledge and attitude were included. Chi-square test was used for association between demographics and responses of the participants.
Results: Of the 400 participants, there were 140 (35%) males and 260 (65%) females. Most of the 180 (45%) participants belonged to 18-30 years age bracket. About 63% of the children did not have past dental trauma history. Predominantly, 80% chose dentists being most appropriate of emergency treatment. 33% believed to visit the dentist within 30minutes for treatment. About 50% participants agreed avulsed teeth can be placed back into its original position. More than half knew different transport mediums, with milk (21%) and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (19%) being commonly selected. Younger age group and females were more knowledgeable regarding emergency management.
Conclusion: Dental avulsion is a common finding in childhood, which mandates proper knowledge for the guardians. There is still a gap present in adequate knowledge for management of such emergencies which mandates organizations of education and awareness programs for both children and adults.
Kajian Metode Root Cause Analysis yang Digunakan dalam Manajemen Risiko di Industri Farmasi
Authors: Susendi Nurike , Suparman Adrian , Sopyan Iyan 
Published: November 2021

Untuk meningkatkan pengembangan produk, efisiensi proses produksi dan strategi pengendalian, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mendorong penerapan Quality by Design (QBD) sebagai pendekatan ilmiah yang berbasis pada penerapan mutu risiko dalam pengembangan produk obat. Manajemen risiko bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebuah sistem terhadap potensi penyimpangan yang terjadi untuk mencegah masalah yang lebih serius. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai metode root cause analysis yang dapat digunakan dalam manajemen risiko mutu terhadap masalah yang terjadi di industri farmasi. Dalam mereview artikel ini jurnal yang didapat dari berbagai sumber secara daring melalui berbagai jurnal nasional dan internasional yang diakses dari situs Google scholar, Elsevier dan PubMed. Hasil dari review artikel metode analisis akar penyebab, seperti Pareto Analysis, Fishbone Diagram, 5Whys, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Brainstorming dan Six Sigma, dapat digunakan untuk menemukan akar penyebab suatu masalah dengan perbedaan masing-masing metode dari segi tahapan, analisis dan penilaian risiko. Dari review yang dibuat, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keenam metode root cause analysis yang diketahui memiliki perbedaan serta kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing metode, sehingga dalam penggunaannya dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan suatu masalah yang terjadi di industri farmasi melalui kriteria kelebihan dan kekurangan metode tersebut.
Billroth II procedure for the treatment of spontaneous gastrointestinal perforation in two cats
Authors: Barandun Marc A. , Mullins Ronan A. , Rytz Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
A 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat (cat 1) and a 10-year-old castrated male Maine Coon cat (cat 2) were presented for recurrent feline lower urinary tract disease after receiving outpatient care from their primary veterinarians.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
Physical examination findings for both cats were initially within reference limits. After a short period of hospitalization, both cats developed peritoneal effusion; results of cytologic analysis of a sample of the fluid were consistent with septic peritonitis. During exploratory laparotomy, perforation of the pylorus or proximal portion of the duodenum secondary to ulceration was identified.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Both cats underwent partial duodenectomy, partial gastrectomy (pylorectomy), and gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II procedure). The cats recovered from surgery and returned to a normal quality of life; however, each had mild episodes of anorexia but maintained a stable body weight. Cat 2 required additional surgery for trichobezoar removal 7 weeks later but recovered quickly. At 7 months after trichobezoar removal, cat 2 developed intermittent vomiting, but clinicopathologic, abdominal ultrasonographic, and upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic findings were within reference limits. At 9 (cat 2) and 13 (cat 1) months after the Billroth II procedure, both cats were reported to be in good general health and without gastrointestinal signs.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In both cats, the Billroth II procedure was technically straightforward and associated with a full recovery and good medium- to long-term quality of life. A Billroth II procedure could be considered for treatment of cats with large mural lesions in the pyloroduodenal region.