bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of MSZ Hydrogel and Its Treatment of Colitis
Authors: Wu Yanhong , Li Shangyong , Jin Mengfei , Li Dandan , Zhou Zihan , Hou Haiqing , Han Yantao 
Published: October 2021

In order to control the release of mesalazine (MSZ) in the gastrointestinal tract to achieve better pharmacological effects in the colon, in this study, MSZ was added to hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to form a water-soluble HP-β-CD/MSZ inclusion complex. Then, the inclusion compound was loaded into the structure of the bilayer polyelectrolyte complex microsphere formed by alginate (Alg), chitosan (Cs), and kappa carrageenan (κ-Car) as the hydrogel carrier, and the hydrogel beads with colon-specific release MSZ after oral administration were formed. The formed hydrogel beads have different swelling capabilities in different pH media and have the greatest swelling degree under pH 7.4. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of hydrogel beads can reach up to 83.23 and 18.31%, respectively, and the size of hydrogel beads can be reduced to less than 1 mm after drying, so that the size of oral administration can be reached. In vivo experiments also showed that the formed hydrogel beads had a better therapeutic effect on colitis than free drugs, and the microspheres were biodegradable, so the double-layer pH-sensitive microspheres could be effectively used in colon-targeting drug delivery.
FDX1 can Impact the Prognosis and Mediate the Metabolism of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Ma Yarui , Guo Xiaolei , Du Yingxi , Zhu Qing , Wang Xiaobing , Duan Changzhu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Lung cancer has emerged as one of the most common cancers in recent years. The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is closely connected with metabolic pathways and inflammatory response. However, the influence of ETC-associated genes on the tumor immune response and the pathogenesis of lung cancer is not clear and needs further exploration.Methods: The RNA-sequencing transcriptome and clinical characteristic data of LUAD were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The LASSO algorithm was used to build the risk signature, and the prediction model was evaluated by the survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. We explored the function of FDX1 through flow cytometry, molecular biological methods, and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).Results: 12 genes (FDX1, FDX2, LOXL2, ASPH, GLRX2, ALDH2, CYCS, AKR1A1, MAOB, RDH16, CYBB, and CYB5A) were selected to build the risk signature, and the risk score was calculated with the coefficients from the LASSO algorithm. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves of the dataset were 0.7, 0.674, and 0.692, respectively. Univariate Cox analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk signature is an independent risk factor for LUAD patients. Among these genes, we focused on the FDX1 gene, and we found that knockdown of FDX1 neither inhibited tumor cell growth nor did it induce apoptosis or abnormal cell cycle distribution. But FDX1 could promote the ATP production. Furthermore, our study showed that FDX1 was closely related to the glucose metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid metabolism.Conclusion: Collectively, this study provides new clues about carcinogenesis induced by ETC-associated genes in LUAD and paves the way for finding potential targets of LUAD.
Self-Medication and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Survey of Students Studying Healthcare Programmes at a Tertiary Institution in Ghana
Authors: Owusu-Ofori Alex K. , Darko Eric , Danquah Cynthia A. , Agyarko-Poku Thomas , Buabeng Kwame Ohene 
Published: October 2021

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind. Inappropriate uses of antibiotics including self-medication promote the increase and spread of AMR. Self-medication has not been well-studied among students. This study was undertaken to determine students of healthcare programmes self-medication practices and attitudes in relation to AMR.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey that used a pretested self-administered questionnaire to elicit responses from first-year students of healthcare programmes at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana from January 2018 to August 2019.Results: Two hundred and eighty students were recruited with 264 of them returning the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 94.3%. Majority were female (68.9%) and participants ages ranged from 16 to 34 years with a mean age (SD) of 19.5 (1.88) years. 136 students (56.2%) had previously purchased antibiotics without a prescription and 78.3% expressed satisfaction with the outcome of self-medication. Amoxicillin (78%) was the most frequent antibiotic bought without a prescription. Majority (76.3%) agreed that self-medication can lead to AMR. Majority (77.0%) believed that antibiotic abuse is a problem in Ghana and 94.8% agreed that the introduction of a course in the University on the rational use of antibiotic will help improve student's knowledge and practices.Conclusion: Self-medication is common among participants despite their knowledge that inappropriate use of antibiotic may lead to resistance. Innovative ways including the introduction of new curricula may help to improve knowledge and to curb wrong attitudes and practices related to antibiotic misuse and ultimately to overcome the problem of AMR.
Outcomes and Blood Product Use in 89 Surgically Managed and 79 Medically Managed Cases of Acute Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum in the Dog
Authors: Wright Leah Veronica , Renwick Michelle , Soh Rachel W. Y. , Fan Nicole R. , Tebb Anna J. , Indrawirawan Yenny H. 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To describe a population of dogs with acute spontaneous hemoperitoneum (ASH) that were treated with either surgical or medical management in the first 12 h after presentation, and to perform a preliminary investigation into whether there were differences in achieving cardiovascular stabilization or patterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion between patients treated with early (&lt;12 h) surgery vs.medical management.Design: A retrospective multicenter preliminary study performed on 168 dogs presenting with ASH between January 2015 and May 2019. Patients were excluded if they were euthanized or discharged from hospital within the first 12 h, or if clinical records were incomplete. All patients received appropriate medical stabilization efforts. Statistical analysis was performed comparing patients that underwent early (&lt;12 h) surgery and those that did not.Results: Eighty-nine patients were in the early surgical group and 79 patients in the medical group. A significantly higher proportion of medical cases were euthanized (p &lt; 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of early surgical cases were discharged from hospital (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in achieving cardiovascular stabilization (OR 1.07 p = 0.82). A higher proportion of patients with body-weight over 20 kg achieved stabilization within 12 h than those with body-weight of 20 kg or less (62.7 vs. 41.4%, p &lt; 0.01). A higher proportion of patients with splenic conditions achieved stabilization than patients with non-splenic conditions (56.5 vs. 28.6%, p = 0.05). The odds of receiving an RBC transfusion were higher in the early surgical group than the medical group [OR 3.81 (p &lt; 0.001)].Conclusions: This preliminary study did not identify a significant difference in the ability to achieve cardiovascular stabilization in the first 12 h in dogs with ASH that underwent early surgical intervention vs. those managed medically. Patients in the early surgical group were more likely to receive a RBC transfusion than those in the medical group. At this time the decision on whether to pursue medical or early surgical management should be made on a case by case basis.
Korelasi Antara Cara Orangtua Mendidik dengan Prestasi Belajar
Authors: Risanti Dewi 
Published: October 2021

The ways, forms and content of education provided by parents to children will affect the growth and development and learning achievement of children, therefore parents should not be separated in fostering and developing all the potential of children in order to improve their children's learning achievement in the family environment by trying to create a good atmosphere and learning environment, which of course can affect learning achievement. In this study, the authors determined the population of students of class XII IPA and IPS Of Nurhasanah Medan Private High School who lived with parents as many as 38 people, the sample was determined as many as 30 people taken through random sampling techniques. To collect data, closed questionnaires are used, to obtain data on how parents educate and documentary studies to obtain student learning achievement. Respondents' answers are given a value by giving a value weight for option a given a value of 4, for option b is given a value of 3, and for option c is given a value of 2, and for option d is given a value of 1. To find a correlation between the way parents educate and learning achievement is used pearson product moment formula as follows :

To test a hypothesis with a significant level of 5% or by using a belief level of 95% used a table r (correlation table) with a sample number of 30 people which is 0.361. Thus the result of the calculation obtained the value r = -0.24 cannot prove the hypothesis. The results of the conclusions in the study stated a negative relationship between the way parents educate and student learning achievement. So the author can conclude that the way parents educate good influences low on student learning achievement at Nurhasanah Medan Private High School.
Pengaplikasian Konsep Bimbingan Konseling dalam Belajar dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Steven Eduard 
Published: October 2021

This research aims to find out the need for the application of the concept of Guidance and Counseling in teaching and learning activities in SMP Negeri 10 Medan., the ability and understanding of classroom teachers in applying the concept of Guidance and Counseling in teaching and learning activities in SMP Negeri 10 Medan., How the intensity of the application of guidance and counseling concepts in teaching and learning activities in SMP Negeri 10 Medan. The sample in this study is a classroom teacher found in SMP Negeri 10 Medan which amounted to 31 teachers who served in SMP Negeri 10 Medan., the data analysis technique used is content analysis or non-statistical analysis. Based on the data analysis, the results of the study are obtained as follows: In general, students in junior high school also urgently need Guidance and Counseling in teaching and learning activities., in general, teachers who serve in SMP Negeri 10 Medan, have understood and applied the concept of Guidance and Counseling in teaching and learning activities. well, career guidance in the category is quite good, the application of tutoring and the application of social guidance in the category is not good., in general, the reality of teachers who serve in SMP Negeri 10 Medan expects a special officer of Guidance and Counseling (BP teacher/Counselor).
Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Pemilihan Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal
Authors: Lely Khulafa'ur Rosidah  , Novita Asdary Rahma 
Published: October 2021

Latar belakang
Menurut statistik WHO, Angka kematian ibu (AKI) di negara-negara maju diperkirakan 12/100.000 kelahiran hidup, sedangkan di negara-negara berkembang dan berpenghasilan rendah adalah 239/100.000 kelahiran hidup. 99% dari semua kematian ibu diperkirakan terjadi di negara berkembang, padahal penyebab kematian dapat dicegah dengan kebijakan yang tepat mengingat tujuan Sustainable Development Goals salah satunya adalah menurunkan AKI. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi status sosial ekonomi berdasarkan keanggotaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) terhadap pemilihan layanan kesehatan maternal.
Metode
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional menggunakan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Data ini digunakan untuk menilai proporsi status ekonomi dan keanggotaan JKN dan untuk mengukur hubungan keduanya dengan persalinan di Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (Fasyankes), dan persalinan oleh tenaga terampil serta PNC oleh tenaga terampil. Analisis menggunakan R software version 3.6.3. dan melakukan Propensity Score Matching (PSM) untuk mengurangi bias seleksi mandiri dengan menyeimbangkan variabel yang diamati antara kelompok responden berdasarkan status ekonomi dengan dan tanpa JKN.
Hasil
Dari 5429 responden, 20.2% adalah penduduk sangat miskin, 20.9% penduduk miskin, 19.9% menengah, 20.8% kaya, dan 18.2% sangat kaya. Di antara penduduk tersebut, 61.4% memiliki keanggotaan JKN. Kesenjangan substansial dalam pemanfaatan layanan kesehatan maternal antara kelompok sangat miskin dan sangat kaya masih ada terutama memilih Fasyankes untuk proses persalinan sebesar 38 poin lebih rendah untuk kelompok sangat miskin (58,5%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok sangat kaya (96,9%) pada wanita yang memiliki keanggotaan JKN.
Simpulan
Pemilihan Fasyankes untuk proses persalinan cenderung dilakukan oleh kelompok sangat kaya dibandingan oleh kelompok sangat miskin walaupun tercakup dalam keanggotaan JKN. Temuan ini konsisten dengan teori ekonomi bahwa cakupan asuransi kesehatan dapat mengurangi hambatan keuangan untuk perawatan dan meningkatkan penyerapan layanan.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur ( PUS )tentang Kanker Serviks dengan Minat Melakukan Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks
Authors: Komariyah Siti , Herdyana Erma 
Published: October 2021

Kanker serviks adalah tumor ganas yang tumbuh di dalam serviks, paling banyak terjadi pada perempuan dan banyak menyebabkan kematian. Deteksi dini kanker serviks dapat meminimalkan angka kejadian kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan wanita pasangan usia subur (PUS) tentang kanker serviks dengan minat melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks.
Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah semua wanita PUS di RT 029 RW 05 Kelurahan Campurejo, Kota Kediri sebanyak 37 responden. Dengan teknik Total Sampling. Variabel independen penelitian adalah pengetahuan wanita PUS tentang kanker serviks dan variabel dependen adalah minat melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data dengan editing, coding, scoring dan tabulating. Dianalisis menggunakan teknik Spearman Rank.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 31 responden (83,7 %) mayoritas mempunyai pengetahuan baik tentang kanker serviks dan minat yang tinggi melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks sebanyak 28 responden (75,6 %).
Dari uji statistik spearman rank diperoleh hasil Z hitung sebesar 2,38 dengan taraf signifikan 5 % dan Z tabel sebesar 1,96. Jadi Z hitung > Z tabel, sehingga H1 diterima artinya ada hubungan antara pengetahuan wanita PUS tentang kanker serviks dengan minat melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks.
Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan minat. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan meningkatkan pemberian informasi khususnya dalam aplikasi deteksi dini kanker serviks..
ELLIPSIS PHENOMENON IN SENTENCES FOUND IN NOVEL SHERLOCK HOLMES
Authors: Putu Devi Maharani  , I Ketut Suartawan Mudayasa  
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Ellipsis is one of phenomenon in language use. Traditionally, ellipsis is the grammar means that avoids repetitions, abandons the old information, highlights key words and make the context connected tightly. The structure of the sentence that occur ellipsis phenomenon of course will have changed and quite different with the common grammatical sentence which used the rules but still have same meaning.cNovel Sherlock Holmes was chosen as the data source of this research because there are a lot of type ellipsis phenomenon found. It mainly aimed at investigating types of ellipsis phenomenon occurred in the novel completed by showing the structure of constituent that construct the sentences in tree diagram. The discussion is not only in Syntax view point, this research also tries to describe the function of the ellipsis, because actually ellipsis is not only used for the speaker’s economy but it can have many other function such can remove ambiguity, can convey non-expressible aspect of meaning, can establish discourse coherence and contribute to a positive rapport with the hearer. The data focused on the sentences that got from narration and dialogs that found in a fictional private detective novel. The method of collecting the data used direct observation method by reading the novel which contains 1059 pages, then collected the sentences which occur ellipsis, checked the structure of the sentences while choosing some sentences that represent various sentence structure of elliptical phenomenon and functions based on theory used. After the data collected, they analyzed by some theories. The types of ellipsis phenomenon analyzed using Kiss and Alexiadou (2015) collected theories, then the structure investigated by Brown (1991) theory, and the function analyzed by Hendricks & Spenader (2005) theory.
Keywords: Ellipsis phenomenon, type, syntactic structure, function.
PENERAPAN PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING DENGAN SIKLUS LESSON STUDY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS ESAI ARGUMENTATIF
Authors: Anak Agung Putri Maharani  
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The skill to write argumentative essas as a necessity in the 21st century is crucial for students to hone their critical thinking skills. Having been designed as a classroom action research, the researcher applied Problem-Based Learning with Lesson Study cycle that answered the following two research questions: (a) Can students' argumentative essay writing skill be improved by applying Problem-Based Learning with Lesson Study cycle? And (b) How was the student's response to their implementation? The research subjects consisted of 36 students of IVA semester in English Education Study Program, Faculty of TeacherTraining and Education, Mahasaraswati Denpasar University. To collect data, test and questionnair were administered as research instruments. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitative and qualitative (interactive model). It was found that the application of Problem-Based Learning and Lesson Study was able to improve students' argumentative essay writing skill and the students gave positive response towards their application for the improvement of learning.
Key words: argumentative essay, Lesson Study, Problem-Based Learning.
Paragenesis of gold mineralization at the Kiyuk Lake Project, Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Jones Stacie , Kyser Kurt , Leybourne Matthew , Mackie Robin , Fleming Adrian , Layton-Matthews Daniel 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Exploration for gold in Nunavut has been primarily focused on Archean greenstone belts in the north and coastal regions of the territory, resulting in large areas of underexplored terrain in the south. The Kiyuk Lake property is located in the underexplored southwest corner of the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut within the Hearne domain of the ∼1.9 Ga western Churchill Province. The property is hosted by Proterozoic calc-silicate and clastic sedimentary units of the Hurwitz Group (&lt;2.4–1.9 Ga) and the unconformably overlying Kiyuk Group (1.9–1.83 Ga). Gold mineralization in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks is rare in the Canadian Shield, so the Rusty Zone at Kiyuk Lake presents a unique opportunity to study the enigmatic gold mineralization hosted in such sedimentary rocks. Mineralization at the Rusty Zone is hosted by an immature lithic wacke cut by thin intermediate dikes that are associated with hydrothermal breccias composed of Fe-carbonate, calcite, calcic-amphibole, Fe-sulfide, Fe-oxide minerals, and gold. Textural and timing relationships suggest that the gold mineralization is post-sedimentary and syn- to post-intrusion of intermediate dikes. Stable isotope thermometry suggests that mineralization took place between 450 and 600 °C, and geochronological studies indicate that the intrusion and mineralization occurred before or about 1.83 Ga. Using basement breaching thrusts faults as conduits to the surface, over-pressurization along a later normal fault is thought to be the primary cause for the localized breccia pipe that controls gold mineralization. The hydrothermal fluids are postulated to be volatile-rich aqueous solutions exsolved from a source of cooling magmas at depth. Although sub-economic at present, the occurrence of high-grade gold in a Paleoproterozoic basin such as Kiyuk Lake could signal a new opportunity for exploration for gold in the Canadian Shield.
G-7 ÜLKELERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İLE BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Authors: FİLİZ BAŞTÜRK Meryem 
Published: October 2021

Küresel iklim değişikliğinin çevreye verdiği zarar ekonomileri katı fosil atıklar yerine yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönlendirmiştir. Başlangıçta gelişmiş ülkeler tarafından yapılan yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları fazla iken özellikle son yıllarda gelişmekte olan ülkelerin yapmış oldukları yatırımlar artmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji küresel iklim değişikliğini azaltmadaki rolü nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı 1990 – 2017 döneminde G-7 ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığını araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: 1990 – 2017 döneminin ele alındığı çalışmada yatay kesit bağımlılığı söz konusu olduğu için ikinci nesil birim kök testlerinden Bai & Ng (2010) tarafından geliştirilen yeni PANIC testleri uygulanmıştır. Uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin varlığı Westerlund (2008) tarafından geliştirilen Durbin-Hausman testi ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucunda G-7 ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında herhangi bir uzun dönemli ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.
Özgünlük: G-7 ülkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasında herhangi bir uzun dönemli ilişkinin bulunmaması bu ekonomilerde yenilenebilir enerjinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde belirleyici bir rol oynamadığını ifade eder. Çünkü G-7 ekonomileri büyümelerini gerçekleştirmede yükselen piyasa ekonomileri gibi enerjiye bağımlı değildir. G-7 ülkeleri özelinde bu ilişkinin ortaya konmasının literatüre katkı sağladığı belirtilebilir.