bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis of Gravity‐Modulated Thermohaline Convection in Viscoelastic Fluid Saturating Porous Medium
Authors: Dhiman Joginder Singh , Gupta Khushboo , Sharma Praveen Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the modified stability analysis of thermohaline convection in a horizontal Oldroyd‐B fluid using the Darcy model, with applications in geophysics, environmental engineering, material science, and biological systems. The basic equations of motion and heat conduction in the present model are based on the Darcy model and the modified Boussinesq approximation. The perturbation equations are derived using the power series perturbation method to study two‐dimensional convective roll instability with finite amplitude disturbances. Linear stability analysis, as a first‐order stability problem, provides expressions for the Rayleigh numbers for stationary and oscillatory convection. The influence of various parameters, including the Darcy–Prandtl number, solutal Rayleigh number, stress and strain retardation parameters, and variations in the coefficient of specific heat, on the stability of the considered system, is studied numerically. It is observed that an approximate 67% increase in the coefficient of specific heat variations and a 23% increase in the solutal Rayleigh number result on average increases of 80% and 8%, respectively, in the value of the oscillatory Darcy–Rayleigh number. Conversely, an average 42% increase in the Darcy–Prandtl number leads to an average decrease of 8% in the oscillatory Darcy–Rayleigh number. In the weakly nonlinear oscillatory analysis, second‐ and third‐order stability problems are discussed, and the Landau equation is derived, which describes the amplitudes of the convection cells. The effects of the parameters on heat and mass transfer rates, as described by the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, are studied numerically. Furthermore, the weakly nonlinear stability analysis evaluates the effects of the Darcy–Prandtl number, specific heat coefficient, stress relaxation time, salinity Rayleigh number, strain retardation time, diffusivity ratio, and gravity modulation characteristics on heat and mass transfer rates. The effects of amplitude and frequency of gravity modulation on heat and mass transport are analyzed and depicted graphically. The study establishes that heat and mass transport can be effectively controlled by a mechanism external to the system. The results are validated by comparison with previous work, which considered a special case without the velocity gradient term in the momentum equation.
Hydrological Modelling Using Gridded and Ground‐Based Precipitation Datasets in Data‐Scarce Mountainous Regions
Authors: Khatakho Rajesh , Firoz Aaron , Elagib Nadir Ahmed , Fink Manfred 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSatellite‐ and gridded ground‐based precipitation data are crucial for understanding hydrological processes. However, the performance of these products needs rigorous evaluation before their integration into hydrological models. This study evaluates two types of precipitation products based on their hydrological simulation performance. The evaluation focuses on ground‐based precipitation datasets (GA and Aphrodite) and satellite‐based precipitation products (SPPs). The GA dataset combines rain gauge measurements with the Asian Precipitation—Highly‐Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation (Aphrodite) dataset to fill gaps in areas with insufficient rain gauge coverage. It is also used for model calibration under Method I. In Method II, models are calibrated with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation (CHIRPS), Multi‐Source Weighted‐Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) and Aphrodite product without the station data. The study considers the Koshi River Basin located in the eastern Himalayas encompassing Nepal and China's Tibetan region. The basin supports downstream ecosystems and domestic, hydro‐power and irrigation development. Based on ranking of seven performance metrics, CHIRPS emerged as the best performing SPP whereas MSWEP ranked the lowest. When the five precipitation datasets were evaluated, GA performed the best, followed by CHIRPS, TRMM, MSWEP and Aphrodite respectively. In Method I, TRMM achieved the highest Nash−Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) value of 0.68, and MSWEP showed poor performance with an NSE value of −0.20. In Method II, CHIRPS showed the strongest performance with an NSE values of 0.82, whereas MSWEP performed slightly lower but still achieved an NSE value of 0.74. Seasonal analysis provided further valuable insights into selecting and blending precipitation datasets by identifying time series that performed best in specific seasons. These findings, alongside model uncertainty analyses, emphasise the influence of precipitation biases and underscore the value of integrating ground‐based and satellite data. Ultimately, this study contributes to advancing water resource planning and management strategies in the Koshi River Basin and similar mountainous regions.
The Impacts of Evaporites on the Hydrogeochemical Processes of Brackish Groundwater in the Huangshui River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Zheng Haofan , Mao Xumei , Peng Hongming , Cai Wen , Yuan Youjing , Zha Xixi , Zhao Zhen , Liu Jiamin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Huangshui River is a major tributary of the upper Yellow River. Understanding the hydrogeochemical processes involved in the formation of brackish groundwater in the Huangshui River Basin is essential for the rational development and utilisation of water resources, as well as for the protection of water resources and aquatic ecosystems. The chemical composition of brackish groundwater can reveal the hydrogeochemical processes it has undergone, while isotopic tracing can indicate the sources and processes of groundwater formation. This study employs hydrochemical and isotopic analyses to elucidate the contribution of groundwater–rock interactions to the formation of brackish groundwater in the Huangshui River Basin. The groundwater is classified as HCO3–Ca·Mg type freshwater and SO4·Cl–Ca·Mg type brackish water. Based on ion ratio coefficients and 87Sr/86Sr ratios, mineral dissolution, evaporation concentration and cation exchange are the dominant processes in the hydrochemical formation of brackish groundwater in the basin. The primary minerals undergoing dissolution in the basin include evaporites, carbonates and silicates. Discrimination using a hydrochemical component end‐member mixing model identifies evaporites (73.6%) and carbonates (4.5%) as the main dissolved components in the brackish groundwater segment, while evaporites (67.5%) and carbonates (16.25%) are predominant in the partial dissolution of minerals in the freshwater segment. This suggests that the dissolution of evaporites plays a significant role in shaping the hydrogeochemistry of the Huangshui River Basin.
Geopolitical Risk and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: The Moderating Role of Water and Energy Risks
Authors: Kapopoulos Theodore , Sakkas Athanasios , Drakos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUsing a panel of 43 economies between 1985 and 2022, this article establishes a link between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and geopolitical risk. We distinguish the idiosyncratic component of geopolitical risk from the global geopolitical risk index provided by Caldara and Iacoviello (2022. American Economic Review, 112, 1194–1225.). We then incorporate both global and idiosyncratic risks into a static FDI regression model, controlling for other economic and institutional determinants. Our findings suggest that both global and idiosyncratic geopolitical risks pose significant obstacles to FDI inflows. Additionally, we investigate whether water and energy risks, when interacting with geopolitical risk, influence the behaviour of international investors. To test this hypothesis, we estimate the interaction effect of water stress and energy intensity as proxies for water and energy risks, respectively. Our findings imply that foreign investors perceive high energy intensity and water stress as moderating factors that could motivate host country policymakers to avoid involvement in geopolitical confrontations, thereby supporting peacebuilding to prevent or resolute conflicts.
Determinants of Dividend Payout Policy: More Evidence From Emerging Markets of G20 Bloc
Authors: de Souza Junior Wagner Dantas , Hijazi Mohamed Mehdi , da Silva Tarcísio Pedro 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to examine the key factors influencing dividend payout policy in emerging markets, using a quantitative approach with a sample of 938 firms and 19,698 firm‐year observations. The study considers dividends, and share repurchases as elements of payout, analysing the effect of earnings, taxes, debt, size and free cash flow on payout decisions through an OLS Panel Data regression model and a GMM‐AB model for robustness. Findings indicate that taxes, size and leverage positively influence payout, while free cash flow and earnings show negative associations. Notably, free cash flow exhibits the largest impact on payout variations, supporting asymmetric information theories like bird‐in‐hand, signalling and dividend life cycle theories, where payout responds to investor risk aversion. The paper's originality lies in its 21‐year analysis of 11 emerging economies, identifying that, unlike developed markets where payout is shaped by agency conflicts, emerging markets emphasise reducing investor risk aversion. The findings also challenge existing financial theories by demonstrating a complementary relationship between investment and debt policies, with a negative correlation between cash flow and dividends and a positive one between leverage and dividends.
Preemergence pyrimisulfan applications affect purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) survival and reproduction
Authors: Begitschke Erick , Wang C. J. , Young A. A. , Tucker K. A. , Henry G. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most problematic turfgrass weeds due to an elevated growth rate, aggressive rhizomes, and prolific tuber production. Currently, limited preemergence herbicide options exist for the control of C. rotundus. Therefore, research was conducted in the greenhouse to examine preemergence activity of pyrimisulfan on C. rotundus control and reproduction. Seven tubers were planted in 1‐L pots containing native soil. Treatments were initiated on July 14, 2021 and consisted of single and sequential applications of granular‐applied pyrimisulfan, liquid‐applied pyrimisulfan, and liquid‐applied pyrimisulfan + dithiopyr. Sequential applications were made on September 3, 2021. A nontreated check was added for comparison. Pots were destructively harvested 12 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). Shoot dry biomass (g), rhizome dry biomass (g), tuber dry biomass (g), and tuber number were determined for each pot. Tubers were tested for viability (%) using tetrazolium chloride. All herbicide treatments reduced the number of emerged plants, shoot dry biomass, rhizome dry biomass, tuber dry biomass, tuber number, and tuber viability compared to the nontreated. A single application of liquid‐applied pyrimisulfan reduced the number of emerged plants by 99% 10 WAIT and viable tubers by 100% 12 WAIT, compared to a single application of granular‐applied pyrimisulfan (70% and 87%, respectively). Sequential applications of granular‐applied pyrimisulfan provided similar results as all liquid‐applied pyrimisulfan treatments across response variables. Neither a sequential application nor the addition of dithiopyr increased liquid‐applied pyrimisulfan efficacy.
Comparing and intervening on behavioral demand for snack foods among justice‐involved adolescents: A preliminary translational analysis
Authors: Edgemon Anna Kate , Martinez‐Perez Carla N. , Newland M. Christopher , Rapp John T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObesity may be more prevalent among populations who are of low socioeconomic status, have limited access to nutrient‐dense foods, or both. One such population is justice‐involved youth. This series of translational experiments builds on previous research on food reinforcement and behavioral demand by (a) assaying demand for snack foods among justice‐involved adolescents and (b) evaluating the effect of a nutrition intervention on justice‐involved adolescents' demand for healthier alternatives. In Experiment 1, participants completed preference assessments for high‐ and low‐energy‐density snack foods and corresponding commodity purchasing tasks. The results indicated significant differences in demand based on energy density and preference. In Experiment 2, justice‐involved adolescents received a nutrition intervention. Following intervention, participants repeated preference assessments and commodity purchasing tasks. The researchers used mixed‐effects modeling to evaluate the effect of (a) the intervention, (b) participant age, and (c) the amount of intervention received on pre–post differences in demand for healthier alternatives. Results and implications are discussed along with future directions for improving conditions of confinement for justice‐involved adolescents.
Impact of tillage, cover crop, and in situ bioreactors on nutrient loss from an artificially drained Midwestern Mollisol
Authors: Rogovska Natalia , Kovar John L. , Malone Robert , O'Brien Peter , Emmett Bryan , Ruis Sabrina J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNutrient losses via subsurface tile cause environmental degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Various management practices are primarily aimed at reduction of nitrate leaching in tile discharge; however, studies on leaching of other nutrients are limited. A replicated plot experiment was initiated in 2016 as part of the Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network Croplands Common Experiment to quantify the effectiveness of management practices on leaching of NO3‐N, total P, K, and S from drained soils. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown under five different treatments: (1) BP: basic practice with fall chisel plow; (2) NT: no‐till crop production; (3) RC: no‐till with a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop; (4) DW: no‐till with woodchip denitrification walls parallel to both sides of the tile; and (5) ZN: zero N; no‐till without N fertilization. Compared to BP, both RC and DW treatments reduced NO3‐N load by 63% and 47%, respectively; 15.5, 5.8, and 8.2 kg N ha−1 year−1, while omitting N fertilization did not impact N loads (12 kg N ha−1 year−1). The DW resulted in greater K loss compared to BP, presumably due to decomposing woodchips. No‐till practices increased drainage flow and K and P loads compared to conventionally tilled BP plots but had no impact on other nutrients. The BP produced the highest corn yield, whereas soybean yields were not affected by treatments. These findings indicate that while some conservation practices are effective in reducing nutrient leaching, others are likely to increase their loss and reduce crop yields.
Does FinTech Reduce Gender Asymmetry in Access to Finance in Sub‐Saharan Africa? Examining the Role of Digital Inclusion
Authors: Olaoye Olumide O. , Shaddady Ali , Tabash Mosab I. , Ray Samrat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe study examined whether FinTech reduces gender gap in access to finance in sub‐Saharan Africa. The study adopts a battery of econometric techniques in analysing the relationship between the two variables. Specifically, the study adopts the ordinary least square (OLS), the two‐step system generalized method of moments (GMM) to address the issues of endogeneity and simultaneity feedback and Driscoll and Kraay's consistent covariance matrix estimator to control for every form of cross sectional and temporal dependence in panel data. The study finds that FinTech increases gender asymmetry in access to finance in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, the study also reveals that reducing the gender gap in digital inclusion can help to reduce the gender gap in access to finance in sub‐Saharan Africa. The results also indicate that government quality and education are important determinants of gender access to financial inclusion in sub‐Saharan Africa. One main economic implication of our findings is that the deployment of FinTech alone will not reduce the gender gap in access to finance in sub‐Saharan Africa, rather in addition to FinTech, the gender gap in digital inclusion must be adequately addressed. The research and policy implications are discussed.
The Influence of North Atlantic Dipole Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on Autumn Drought Over Southwest China
Authors: Qin Yi , Qin Yujing , Lu Chuhan , Bai Yingying , Liu Qian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, there has been a notable increase in the frequency and severity of drought events in Southwest China (SWC), which have significantly impacted agriculture and the social economy. Using sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Hadley Centre, daily meteorological drought composite index grid data and ERA5 reanalysis data, we investigate the characteristics of autumn drought in SWC and discuss its possible causes using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The results indicate a distinct ‘Northeast–Southwest’ dipole pattern of autumn drought over SWC in the past decade, which we define as the ‘Chuan‐Yu’‐type drought. A British–Okhotsk Corridor (BOC) pattern Rossby wave train, presenting over Eurasia, is identified as the key factor influencing the ‘Chuan‐Yu’‐type drought in SWC during the autumn. The BOC‐pattern Rossby wave train not only obstructs water vapour transport channels in SWC but also induces anomalous descending motions in the lower to middle troposphere over the region, leading to high temperatures and insufficient precipitation. Further investigation reveals that North Atlantic dipole SST anomalies trigger the BOC‐pattern Rossby wave train in autumn. The results of the linear baroclinic model sensitivity simulations support the above conclusion. These findings will make valuable contributions to autumn drought prevention and mitigation in SWC.
A Micro‐CT Based Cadaveric Study Investigating Bone Density Changes During Hip Arthroplasty Surgery
Authors: Seemala Vineet , Williams Mark A. , King Richard , Goia Sofia , Wilson Paul F. , Palit Arnab 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe impact of broaching and uncemented implantation on bone density during total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. Previous studies have typically examined extracted bone sections, which may not directly correlate with outcomes in human hip systems. This study aimed to evaluate bone density changes resulting from broaching and uncemented implantation using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) on cadaveric samples. An in‐house density calibration phantom (DCP) was developed by validating the densities of polymer inserts through mass and volume measurements. Its performance was then evaluated using lamb bone in comparison with a commercial DCP (QRM‐50124). The sensitivity of density predictions to μCT scan parameters was also evaluated with the lamb bone. Additionally, density predictions from medical‐CT and μCT scans were compared using the in‐house DCP. Finally, uncemented THA procedures were performed on three cadaveric femurs, each undergoing three μCT scans at various surgical stages to assess changes in bone density. The density predictions obtained using the in‐house DCP achieved an accuracy of ±0.097 g/cc compared to QRM‐50124, with a precision of ±0.052 g/cc. The sensitivity to changes in μCT scan parameters was ±0.022 g/cc. Notably, density predictions from medical‐CT and μCT scans were similar, particularly in cortical bone. Broaching and implantation led to an average increase in bone density of 0.137 g/cc, which was attributed to the accumulation of bone debris around the bone‐implant interface. This accumulation raised the bone volume fraction, ranging from 3.31% to 20.69%, which acts as an autograft. These measurements have been made for the first time using a µCT and an in‐house DCP.
Effects of potassium fertilization on grain yield, taste quality, and starch characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain
Authors: Liu Aihua , Ye Tinghong , Zhang Yangyang , Liao Shipeng , Li Xiaokun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is limited information on the effect of potassium (K) on the taste quality of rice. Field experiments with five K fertilizer application rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg K2O ha−1) were conducted in 2019 and 2020 using two cultivars (Xiadao No. 1 and Shenliangyou 5814) to study the effects of K fertilization on grain yield, taste quality, starch components, and protein components in grains.RESULTSCompared with a no‐potassium treatment (K0), K fertilization increased the grain yield significantly: by 57.29% for Xiadao No. 1 and 33.51% for Shenliangyou 5814. It did this mainly by increasing the number of rice spikelets per panicle and improving the seed‐setting rate. K fertilization improved the taste value by 12.64% for Xiadao No. 1 and 10.83% for Shenliangyou 5814. Starch components, protein components, and viscosity parameters were also influenced by K fertilization. With increased K application, the amylose content and the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content tended to increase. K fertilization increased the peak viscosity and cool paste viscosity, while decreasing the prolamin content and pasting temperature. Principal component analysis highlighted the importance of amylose content and the ratio of amylose content to amylopectin content in determining taste value, texture, and appearance.CONCLUSIONApplying 180 kg K2O ha−1 of K fertilizer ensured high rice yields and taste quality, providing a basis for the production of high‐yield and high‐quality rice. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Corrosion Behavior of 110SS Steel in Self‐Generated Acid at High Temperature
Authors: Du Juan , Zou Qi , Chen Pengfei , Shi Yiquan , Liu Pingli , Liu Jinming , Yuan Yaoshun , Chen Xiang , Shu Hui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe corrosion behavior of hydrogen sulfide corrosion‐resistant alloy steel 110SS in the self‐generated acid system at (ultra‐) high temperature was studied. The results of the weight loss experiment showed that the corrosion rate of 110SS steel decreased with the increase of temperature at 120°C–200°C. The comprehensive study of SEM‐EDS and XPS showed that FeCO3 was formed on the surface of 110SS steel. With the increase in temperature, FeCO3 became dense, and the corrosion rate of self‐generated acid decreased. In addition, when the temperature is 120°C, the results of weight loss experiment and 3D laser scanning show that the corrosion of 110SS steel is strong, and the corrosion phenomenon is inhibited after adding oleic imidazoline. SEM and electrochemical experiments show that the oleic imidazoline corrosion inhibitor can be stably adsorbed on the surface of 110SS steel and reduce its corrosion in the self‐generated acid.