bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of BUB1 suppresses tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma via blocking of PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wang Shenglin , Wei Hongxiang , Chen Hui , Shen Rongkai , Lin Renqin , Wang Xinwen , Lan Wenbin , Lin Rongjin , Lin Jianhua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour that mainly affects teenagers, with patients displaying poor prognosis. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1), a type of serine/threonine kinase that is linked to pro‐tumorigenic phenomena, has not been well studied in OS. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of BUB1 in OS. The expression of BUB1 in OS specimens and cell lines was assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate the impact of BUB1 on patient survival. Cell counting kit‐8, wound‐healing and Transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry, were used to investigate the influence of BUB1 inhibition on OS in vitro. Moreover, a tumour xenograft model was established to investigate the in vivo effect of BUB1 inhibition on OS tumour growth. Results showed that BUB1 was overexpressed in OS specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, BUB1 overexpression was closely associated with the poor clinical outcomes of patients with OS. Inhibition of BUB1 markedly suppressed cell proliferation and tumour growth, cell migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis of OS by blocking the PI3K/Akt and ERK signalling pathways. Thus, our study suggested that overexpression of BUB1 protein contributed to poor survival of OS patients and that inhibition of BUB1 resulted in considerable anti‐tumour activity associated with proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of OS.
Mortality and skin pathology of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caused by exposure to the jellyfish Physalia physalis in Ireland
Authors: Mitchell Susie Olivia , Bresnihan Sophie , Scholz Felix 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn October 2019, during Tropical Storm Lorenzo, an unusual bloom of Physalia physalis (commonly known as the Portuguese man o’ war) appeared on the west coast of Ireland. The jellyfish were observed aggregating in high numbers surrounding salmon pens on two Atlantic salmon farms with tentacles extending underwater through the nets into the pens. Acute skin lesions and mortality were reported as a consequence of exposure to P. physalis on both sites. The impact of noxious zooplankton species such as P. physalis may pose a significant and more frequent threat in future if increased adverse weather events continue to transport these and other jellyfish outside their normal range. This is the first published record of Physalia physalis causing mortality in cultured fish.
Design, development, and performance evaluation of an ohmic extractor to valorize fruit by‐products based on Taguchi method: Reduced energy consumption and enhanced total phenolics
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Chu Rachael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, an ohmic extractor system was designed and developed, and system performance was compared with the conventional method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from pineapple peels. Besides, the Taguchi approach was used to find the optimal processing conditions. Dependent parameters were voltage, frequency, and electrode surface area. Independent parameters include come‐up time, heating rate, energy consumption, specific energy consumption, and total phenolics. The highest heating rate was 13°C min−1 which showed that optimal processing conditions can reduce the come‐up time by eight folds. Also, the optimized ohmic system had a higher heating rate in comparison with the conventional method (13 vs. 9°C min−1). Besides, it was revealed that changing the processing parameters in the range explored in the present study can save up to 33% of total energy consumption. Furthermore, the ohmic system saved a substantial amount of energy (up to 55%) in comparison with the conventional process while enhancing the total phenolics to achieve up to 89.25 mg GAE per 100 g FW of total phenolic compounds [Correction added on 16 November, after first online publication: The word “by 12.6%” has been removed from the preceding sentence to improve clarity.]. Therefore, this extraction approach can provide profit to farmers and food factories and contribute to achieving sustainable development goals by reducing energy consumption and enhancing resource efficiency through the efficient valorization of agricultural by‐products such as pineapple peels.Practical ApplicationsThe ohmic extraction system, which was designed and developed in this study, is scalable and affordable. It can help farmers and food factories to enhance their profit through the valorization of their production by‐products. Besides, using fruit by‐products (e.g., pineapple peels) as raw materials for extraction can cut the expenses required for sample preparation, which can be regarded as an approach for relatively low‐cost extraction of phenolic compounds in the ohmic systems. Furthermore, the innovative valorization platform proposed in this study showed to be time‐ and energy‐saving for obtaining high‐quality extracts. Therefore, this system can contribute to achieving sustainable development goals.
Physiological markers of rapid antidepressant effects of allopregnanolone
Authors: Lambert Peter M. , Lu Xinguo , Zorumski Charles F. , Mennerick Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rise of ketamine and brexanolone as rapid antidepressant treatments raises the question of common mechanisms. Both drugs act without the long onset time of traditional antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The drugs also share the interesting feature of benefit that persists beyond the initial drug lifetime. Here, we briefly review literature on functional changes that may mark the triggering mechanism of rapid antidepressant actions. Because ketamine has a longer history of study as a rapid antidepressant, we use this literature as a template to guide hypotheses about common action. Brexanolone has the complication of being a formulation of a naturally occurring neurosteroid; thus, endogenous levels need to be considered when studying the impact of exogenous administration. We conclude that network disinhibition and increased high‐frequency oscillations are candidates to mediate acute triggering effects of rapid antidepressants.
Temporary labor migration and skill transfer in Japan: Migration experiences and outcomes of technical intern trainees from Vietnam and China
Authors: Siu Kaxton , Koo Anita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe interviewed Vietnamese and Chinese technical intern trainees who went to Japan under Japan's Technical Intern Training Program (TITP). We showed how Vietnam's and China's temporary labor‐export institutional arrangements differed, and contributed to the two countries’ intern trainees having varied migration experiences and outcomes. We also explored the reasons TITP failed to achieve its stated objective—international skill transfer. Guided by human capital theory, we attempt to make sense of the different migration expectations and experiences of Vietnamese and Chinese trainees under different institutional arrangements and contribute to the debate of temporary labor migration and international skill transfer. We argue that the government of a temporary migrant labor‐sending country must exercise sufficiently good socio‐technical infrastructural governance to steward labor‐export policy and industrial policy to match national development goals in order to make international skill transfer possible.
Associations of tobacco use and consumption with rurality among patients with psychiatric disorders: Does smoke‐free policy matter?
Authors: Yau Man Ting Kristina , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposePeople with psychiatric disorders (PDs) have high risks for tobacco use and associated health effects; however, little is known about differences in tobacco use status and consumption by urban or rural residence. Among patients with PDs, we examined the association of smoke‐free policy on tobacco use by rural/urban residenceMethodA cross‐sectional retrospective study (N = 2060) among patients in a psychiatric facility was conducted. Multi‐logistic and multilinear regression analyses assessed differences in outcomes stratified by rural/urban status.ResultsAmong rural residents, a substance use history (odds ratios [ORs[ = 2.82, 95% CI: 2.01–3.96), high school education (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98), older age (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00), and longer length of hospital stay (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00) were associated with tobacco use. Among urban residents, male sex (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.02–1.86), a substance use history (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.86–3.66), and externalizing disorder diagnosis (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.35–5.48) correlated with tobacco use. Increased tobacco consumption among rural residents was associated with being male (β = 0.12, p = 0.007) and having less than a high school education (β = 0.14, P = 0.001). Whereas, White ethnicity (β = 0.14, p = 0.006), having less than a high school education (β = 0.11, p = 0.022), and a psychotic disorder diagnosis (β = 0.25, p = 0.038) were associated with greater tobacco consumption in urban residents. Smoke‐free policy was not associated with tobacco use (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.87–1.34) and consumption (β = 0.05, p = 0.134).ConclusionsDespite higher rates of tobacco use among rural patients with PDs, they have similar risk factors as their urban counterparts. However, residing in a location with a smoke‐free policy may not contribute to tobacco use behaviors among those with PDs.
A review of the social behaviour of the giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis: a misunderstood but socially complex species
Authors: Muller Zoe , Harris Stephen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUntil around 2000, giraffeGiraffa camelopardaliswere believed to have no social structure. Despite a resurgence of interest in giraffe behaviour in around 2010, most studies are of isolated populations, making it difficult to draw general conclusions. Although it is now well established that giraffe social organisation is non‐random, there is little consensus as to what influences preferred and avoided associations or the underpinning mechanisms.We test two hypotheses: first, giraffe have a complex cooperative social system, exhibited by 1) stable groups of females, 2) offspring that stay in their natal group for part or all of their lives, 3) support by non‐mothers in rearing young, and 4) non‐reproductive females in the group; and second, giraffe form matrilineal societies, evidenced by 1) male dispersal, 2) female philopatry, 3) assistance in raising or protecting offspring, and 4) individual benefits gained from social foraging.We reviewed 404 papers on giraffe behaviour and social organisation; captive studies were included where they supplemented information from free‐living populations.We show that giraffe exhibit many of the features typical of mammals with complex cooperative social systems and matrilineal societies. However, the social complexity hypothesis posits that such species also require complex communication systems to regulate interactions and relations among group members; giraffe communication systems are poorly understood.Quantifying the fitness and survival benefits of the giraffe’s social organisation is necessary to ensure its long‐term survival. Giraffe numbers have declined by 40% since 1985, they have been declared extinct in seven (possibly nine) countries and are listed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We identify research areas that will advance our understanding of giraffe behaviour and conservation requirements.
A general trait‐based modelling framework for revealing patterns of airborne fungal dispersal threats to agriculture and native flora
Authors: Wang Ming , Kriticos Darren J. , Ota Noboru , Brooks Aaron , Paini Dean 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Fungal plant pathogens are of economic and ecological importance to global agriculture and natural ecosystems. Long‐distance atmospheric dispersal of fungal spores (LAD) can pose threats to agricultural and native vegetation lands. An understanding of such patterns of fungal spore dispersal and invasion pathways can provide valuable insights into plant protection.

Spore traits affect their dispersal abilities. We propose a general trait‐based framework for modelling LAD to reveal dispersal patterns and pathways, and assess subsequent threats of arrival (TOA) quantitatively in the context of biosecurity. To illustrate the framework, we present a study of Australia and its surrounding land masses.

The overall dispersal pattern covered almost the entire continent of Australia. Fungal spores in the size class of 10 and 20 µm (aerodynamic diameter) posed the greatest TOA. Our study shows the effects of morphological traits on these potential TOA, and how they varied between source regions, size classes, and seasons.

Our framework revealed spore dispersal patterns and pathways. It also facilitates comparisons of spatio‐temporal dispersal dynamics among fungal classes, gaining insights into atmospheric long‐distance dispersal of fungi as a whole, and provides a basis for assessing fungal pest threats in potential source regions based on easily measured spore characteristics.
Evolutionarily distinct resistance proteins detect a pathogen effector through its association with different host targets
Authors: Wang Haixia , Trusch Franziska , Turnbull Dionne , Aguilera‐Galvez Carolina , Breen Susan , Naqvi Shaista , Jones Jonathan D. G. , Hein Ingo , Tian Zhendong , Vleeshouwers Vivianne , Gilroy Eleanor , Birch Paul R. J. 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Knowledge of the evolutionary processes which govern pathogen recognition is critical to understanding durable disease resistance. We determined how Phytophthora infestans effector PiAVR2 is recognised by evolutionarily distinct resistance proteins R2 and Rpi‐mcq1.

We employed yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, virus‐induced gene silencing, transient overexpression, and phosphatase activity assays to investigate the contributions of BSL phosphatases to R2‐ and Rpi‐mcq1‐mediated hypersensitive response (R2 HR and Rpi‐mcq1 HR, respectively).

Silencing PiAVR2 target BSL1 compromises R2 HR. Rpi‐mcq1 HR is compromised only when BSL2 and BSL3 are silenced. BSL1 overexpression increases R2 HR and compromises Rpi‐mcq1. However, overexpression of BSL2 or BSL3 enhances Rpi‐mcq1 and compromises R2 HR. Okadaic acid, which inhibits BSL phosphatase activity, suppresses both recognition events. Moreover, expression of a BSL1 phosphatase‐dead (PD) mutant suppresses R2 HR, whereas BSL2‐PD and BSL3‐PD mutants suppress Rpi‐mcq1 HR. R2 interacts with BSL1 in the presence of PiAVR2, but not with BSL2 and BSL3, whereas no interactions were detected between Rpi‐mcq1 and BSLs. Thus, BSL1 activity and association with R2 determine recognition of PiAVR2 by R2, whereas BSL2 and BSL3 mediate Rpi‐mcq1 perception of PiAVR2.

R2 and Rpi‐mcq1 utilise distinct mechanisms to detect PiAVR2 based on association with different BSLs, highlighting central roles of these effector targets for both disease and disease resistance.
Clinical outcomes in relapsed oropharyngeal cancer after definitive (chemo) radiotherapy
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Bird Thomas , Michaelidou Andriana , Jeannon Jean‐Pierre , Simo Ricard , Oakley Richard , Lyons Andrew , Fry Alastair , Cascarini Luke , Asit Arora , Thavaraj Selvam , Reis Ferreira Miguel , Petkar Imran , Kong Anthony , Lei Mary , Guerrero Urbano Teresa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo report clinical outcomes of relapsed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after definitive intensity‐modulated (chemo)radiotherapy [(C)RT].Materials and methodsData for all relapsed patients treated for OPSCC with definitive (C)RT between 2010 and 2016 were collected. Primary end‐point was post‐failure survival (PFS).ResultsOverall, 273 OPSCC patients completed definitive (C)RT. Of these, 42 cases (n = 26 human papilloma virus (HPV)‐negative; n = 16 HPV‐positive) had relapsed (n = 23 persistent disease; n = 19 recurrent disease) and were included in the final analysis. Two‐year PFS for the entire population was 30.6%; 20.5% for HPV‐negative and 43.8% for HPV‐positive patients. Salvage curative surgery was associated with a significantly higher 2 years PFS rate (56.2%) compared with palliative treatment (22.9%) and best supportive care (0%) (p < 0.001). A positive trend in 2 years PFS was recorded in the early complete response cases (49.5%) versus patients who did not achieve a complete response within 3 months of the end of (C)RT (23.0%) (p = 0.11).ConclusionA higher PFS rate is achieved when relapsed OPSCC cases are treated with salvage curative intent. HPV‐positive disease and early complete response within 3 months from the end of (C)RT may be related to better PFS.
Communication in home care: Understanding the lived experiences of formal caregivers communicating with persons living with dementia
Authors: Kamalraj Pabiththa , Savundranayagam Marie Y. , Orange J. B. , Kloseck Marita 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about formal caregivers’ lived experiences communicating with persons living with dementia (PLWD) who live in their own homes. Most information comes from research conducted in long‐term care settings or home care settings involving family care partners. Yet, there are expected needs and rising demands for formal caregivers to provide support within clients’ homes.ObjectivesAccordingly, this study aimed to understand the lived experiences of personal support workers (PSWs) regarding their communication with PLWD who live in their own homes.MethodsThe study was grounded in a hermeneutic phenomenological research approach. Data were collected as part of the Be EPIC project, an evidence‐informed, person‐centred communication intervention for PSWs caring for PLWD. One, in‐depth semi‐structured interview was conducted with each of the PSWs (N = 15). Thematic analysis was completed on the interviews.ResultsThree major themes emerged: (1) Challenged by dementia‐related impairments; (2) Valuing communication in care; and (3) Home is a personal space. Findings revealed that PSWs experience difficulties communicating with PLWD because of dementia‐related impairments, despite PSWs recognizing the importance of communication when they provide optimal care in the homes of PLWD. This suggests that PSWs view communication as a crucial component of quality care but do not possess the skills necessary to ensure effective interactions. Findings also demonstrated the importance, uniqueness and impact of the personal home space on PSWs’ experiences with communication.ConclusionOverall, findings indicate that PSWs acknowledge the importance of communication as an integral element of providing optimal care, but dementia‐related impairments and the intimate, personal home‐based care context can hinder successful communication between PSWs and PLWD. The implications of the findings are that additional and targeted education and training are required for PSWs, especially on how dementia‐related impairments impact communication within the context of home care based services for PLWD.
Posttraumatic onychoheterotopia: A case and review of the pediatric literature
Authors: Braun Mitchell , Reynolds Sean , Shah Sonal D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnychoheterotopia, or ectopic nail, is a rare nail condition in which nail growth occurs in areas other than the distal phalanges. The majority of cases in the literature are noted to be congenital; however, acquired cases have less commonly been described following either acute or chronic trauma.MethodsWe present a case of acquired onychoheterotopia in a child, with a corresponding literature review of acquired pediatric onychoheterotopia cases for comparison.ResultsThere were a total of 10 cases of acquired onychoheterotopia in pediatric patients in the literature. Including our patient, 81.8% (9/11) developed an ectopic nail on the fingers. Crush injury preceded the ectopic nails in 45.5 % (5/11) of cases. Infection occurred in 27.3% (3/11).ConclusionsAlthough the incidence and prevalence of acquired onychoheterotopia are unknown, it seems to be an uncommon phenomenon. From our case and others from the literature, there may be associations with crush injury specifically. Further research will be needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and risk factors for ectopic nail growth.
Congenital onychodysplasia of the ring finger presenting as a bifid nail
Authors: Banerjee Annesha , McLarney R Matthew , Duffy Robert F. , Manders Steven M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCongenital onychodysplasia, or Iso‐Kikuchi syndrome, is classically defined as a congenital nail abnormality of one or both index fingers that is often associated with a bone abnormality in the affected finger. We report an unusual case of a 6‐year‐old girl who presented with an S‐shaped, bifid nail of the left ring finger that had been present since birth. X‐ray findings were used to confirm a diagnosis of congenital onychodysplasia of the ring finger.
First successful frozen semen of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Authors: Teodoro Laura O. , Camargo Laiza S. , Scheeren Verônica F. C. , Freitas‐Dell'Aqua Camila P. , Papa Frederico O. , Honsho Cristiane S. , Souza Fabiana F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to describe successful cryopreservation of sperm from maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Three ejaculates from 2 maned wolves were collected by digital manipulation of the penis and evaluated subjectively, centrifuged and frozen in BotuCrio® (Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil) or Tris–yolk egg extender. Spermatozoa were thawed at 37ºC/30s or 70ºC/4s and evaluated for kinetics, morphology, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation. From 5 thawed samples, two had sperm total motility >55% (56.0% and 64.0%) and progressive motility ~35% (35% and 40%), both frozen with Tris–yolk egg. Plasma and acrosome membrane integrity decreased and percentage of sperm defects increased post‐thawing. We concluded that is possible to freeze spermatozoa from maned wolves using semen collection and processing methods applied for domestic dogs.
Public participation, indigenous peoples’ land rights and major infrastructure projects in the Amazon: The case for a human rights assessment framework
Authors: Pereira Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe recognition of land title and demarcation of indigenous peoples’ ancestral lands and the guarantee of the rights of consultation and free, prior and informed consent in the context of large infrastructure projects represent some of the major challenges for indigenous peoples and communities in the Amazon States. These challenges have been exacerbated by the election of the current Brazilian federal government in power since January 2019. Yet a significant development with the potential to strengthen participatory environmental governance in the region followed the adoption and entry into force in April 2021 of the 2018 Regional Agreement on Access to Environmental Information, Public Participation and Access to Justice in Latin America and the Caribbean. This article will argue that national environmental impact assessment and licensing procedures must integrate a human rights approach to project impact assessments to safeguard the protection of the environment and indigenous peoples’ fundamental rights.