bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of cooperation and consistent personalities in public goods games
Authors: Salahshour Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe evolution of cooperation has remained an important problem in evolutionary theory and social sciences. In this regard, a curious question is why consistent cooperative and defective personalities exist and if they serve a role in the evolution of cooperation? To shed light on these questions, here, I consider a population of individuals who possibly play two consecutive rounds of public goods game, with different enhancement factors. Importantly, individuals have independent strategies in the two rounds. However, their strategy in the first round affects the game they play in the second round. I consider two different scenarios where either only first-round cooperators play a second public goods game, or both first-round cooperators and first-round defectors play a second public goods game, but in different groups. The first scenario can be considered a reward dilemma, and the second can be considered an assortative public goods game but with independent strategies of the individuals in the two rounds. Both models show cooperators can survive either in a fixed point or through different periodic orbits. Interestingly, due to the emergence of a correlation between the strategies of the individuals in the two rounds, individuals develop consistent personalities during the evolution. This, in turn, helps cooperation to flourish. These findings shed new light on the evolution of cooperation and show how consistent cooperative and defective personalities can evolve and play a positive role in solving social dilemmas.
Machine learning prediction of UV–Vis spectra features of organic compounds related to photoreactive potential
Authors: Mamede Rafael , Pereira Florbela , Aires-de-Sousa João 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) algorithms were explored for the classification of the UV–Vis absorption spectrum of organic molecules based on molecular descriptors and fingerprints generated from 2D chemical structures. Training and test data (~ 75 k molecules and associated UV–Vis data) were assembled from a database with lists of experimental absorption maxima. They were labeled with positive class (related to photoreactive potential) if an absorption maximum is reported in the range between 290 and 700 nm (UV/Vis) with molar extinction coefficient (MEC) above 1000 Lmol−1 cm−1, and as negative if no such a peak is in the list. Random forests were selected among several algorithms. The models were validated with two external test sets comprising 998 organic molecules, obtaining a global accuracy up to 0.89, sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.88. The ML output (UV–Vis spectrum class) was explored as a predictor of the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity in vitro assay for a set of 43 molecules. Comparable results were observed with the classification directly based on experimental UV–Vis data in the same format.
A prospective interventional trial on the effect of periodontal treatment on Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance in patients with colorectal tumours
Authors: Yoshihara Tsutomu , Kioi Mitomu , Baba Junichi , Usuda Haruki , Kessoku Takaomi , Iwaki Michihiro , Takatsu Tomohiro , Misawa Noboru , Ashikari Keiichi , Matsuura Tetsuya , Fuyuki Akiko , Ohkubo Hidenori , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Wada Koichiro , Nakajima Atsushi , Higurashi Takuma 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Thus, the possibility of preventing colorectal cancer or its progression by targeting F. nucleatum has been explored. As F. nucleatum is associated with periodontitis, we analysed whether treating periodontitis could influence F. nucleatum abundance in the colon. Patients with colorectal tumours who underwent colonoscopy were recruited. Patients diagnosed with periodontitis by a dentist were treated for approximately 3 months. Endoscopic resection of colorectal tumours was performed after periodontitis treatment, and resected tumours were pathologically classified as high-(HGD) or low-grade dysplasia (LGD). Saliva and stool samples were collected before and after the treatment. Of the 58 patients with colorectal tumours, 31 were included in the study, 16 showed improvement in periodontitis, and 11 showed no improvement. Stool F. nucleatum levels before treatment were significantly lower in the LGD group than in the HGD group. A significant decrease in faecal F. nucleatum levels was observed in patients who underwent successful treatment but not in those whose treatment failed. Salivary F. nucleatum levels were not altered in patients despite periodontal treatment. Thus, successful periodontitis treatment reduces stool F. nucleatum levels and may aid research on periodontitis and suppression of colorectal cancer development.
Globalized parametric optimization of microwave components by means of response features and inverse metamodels
Authors: Pietrenko-Dabrowska Anna , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSimulation-based optimization of geometry parameters is an inherent and important stage of microwave design process. To ensure reliability, the optimization process is normally carried out using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools, which entails significant computational overhead. This becomes a serious bottleneck especially if global search is required (e.g., design of miniaturized structures, dimension scaling over broad ranges of operating frequencies, multi-modal problems, etc.). In pursuit of mitigating the high-cost issue, this paper proposes a novel algorithmic approach to rapid EM-driven global optimization of microwave components. Our methodology incorporates a response feature technology and inverse regression metamodels to enable fast identification of the promising parameter space regions, as well as to yield a good quality initial design, which only needs to be tuned using local routines. The presented technique is illustrated using three microstrip circuits optimized under challenging scenarios, and demonstrated to exhibit global search capability while maintaining low computational cost of the optimization process of only about one hundred of EM simulations of the structure at hand on the average. The performance is shown to be superior in terms of efficacy over both local algorithms and nature-inspired global methods.
Early non-excisional debridement of paediatric burns under general anaesthesia reduces time to re-epithelialisation and risk of skin graft
Authors: Griffin Bronwyn , Bairagi Anjana , Jones Lee , Dettrick Zoe , Holbert Maleea , Kimble Roy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReported advantages of early excision for larger burn injuries include reduced morbidity, mortality, and hospital length of stay for adult burn patients. However, a paucity of evidence supports the best option for paediatric burns and the advantages of non-excisional (mechanical) debridement. Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department is a popular alternative to debridement in operating theatres under general anaesthesia. This study aims to evaluate the association between early (< 24 h post-injury) non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia with burn wound re-epithelialisation time and skin graft requirements. Cohort study of children younger than 17 years who presented with burns of five percent total body surface area or greater. Data from January 2013 to December 2019 were extracted from a prospectively collected state-wide paediatric burns’ registry. Time to re-epithelialisation was tested using survival analysis, and binary logistic regression for odds of skin graft requirementto analyse effects of early non-excisional debridement in the operating theatre. Overall, 292 children met eligibility (males 55.5%). Early non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre, significantly reduced the time to re-epithelialisation (14 days versus 21 days, p = 0.029)) and the odds of requiring a skin graft in comparison to paediatric patients debrided in the emergency department under Ketamine sedation (OR: 6.97 (2.14–22.67), p < 0.001. This study is the first to demonstrate that early non-excisional debridement under general anaesthesia in the operating theatre significantly reduces wound re-epithelialisation time and subsequent need for a skin graft in paediatric burn patients. Analysis suggests that ketamine procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department used for burn wound debridement is not an effective substitute for debridement in the operating theatre.
Prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Fernandes Arthur G. , Berezovsky Adriana , Watanabe Sung E. S. , Mitsuhiro Márcia R. K. H. , Cypel Marcela C. , Ferraz Nívea N. , Furtado João M. , Sacai Paula Y. , Muñoz Sergio , Cunha Cristina C. , Vasconcelos Galton C. , Morales Paulo H. A. , Cohen Marcos J. , Cohen Jacob M. , Campos Mauro , Belfort Rubens , Salomão Solange R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe. The presence of an ocular finding was considered positive when any abnormality was noted, regardless of VA. Refractive errors were not considered. A total 2384 eligible persons were enumerated and 2041 (85.6%) examined. The prevalence of ocular disturbances in either eye was 87.0% and was associated with male gender, older age, lower education, and rural residence. Overall, main findings were pterygium, cataract, and pinguecula, occurring in 58.8%, 45.4% and 17.4%, respectively. Among individuals with 20/20 VA in both eyes, the most frequent findings were pterygium, pinguecula, and glaucoma cupping, occurring in 47.4%, 31.2% and 6.5%, respectively. The high prevalence of ocular findings observed in this population reinforces that different conditions might not immediately decrease VA but can indicate risk and/or discomfort symptoms and should be considered when planning public health ophthalmic services.
The deleterious effects induced by an acute exposure of human skin to common air pollutants are prevented by extracts of Deschampsia antarctica
Authors: Fernández-Martos Sandra , Calvo-Sánchez María I. , Lobo-Aldezabal Ana , Sánchez-Adrada Ana Isabel , Moreno Carmen , Vitale María , Espada Jesús 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe homeostatic and regenerative potential of the skin is critically impaired by an increasing accumulation of air pollutants in human ecosystems. These toxic compounds are frequently implicated in pathological processes such as premature cutaneous ageing, altered pigmentation and cancer. In this scenario, innovative strategies are required to tackle the effects of severe air pollution on skin function. Here we have used a Human Skin Organotypic Culture (HSOC) model to characterize the deleterious effects of an acute topic exposure of human skin to moderately high concentrations of common ambient pollutants, including As, Cd, Cr, dioxins and tobacco smoke. All these toxic compunds inflict severe damage in the tissue, activating the AHR-mediated response to xenobiotics. We have further evaluated the potential of an aqueous leaf extract of the polyextremophile plant Deschampsia antarctica (Edafence) to protect human skin against the acute exposure to toxic pollutants. Our results indicate that pre-treatment of HSOC samples with this aqueous extract conuterbalances the deleterious effects of the exposure to toxic comunds and triggers the activation of key genes invoved in the redox system and in the pro-inflammatory/wound healing response in the skin, suggesting that this natural compound might be effectively used in vivo to protect human skin routinely in different daily conditions.
The potential of COVID-19 patients’ sera to cause antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and IL-6 production
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Sasaki Tadahiro , Yamanaka Atsushi , Ichihara Yoko , Koketsu Ritsuko , Samune Yoshihiro , Cruz Pedro , Sato Kei , Tanga Naomi , Yoshimura Yuka , Murakami Ami , Yamada Misuzu , Itoi Kiyoe , Nakayama Emi E. , Miyazaki Kazuo , Shioda Tatsuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many vaccine trials have been initiated. An important goal of vaccination is the development of neutralizing antibody (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2. However, the possible induction of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, which is known for other coronaviruses and dengue virus infections, is a particular concern in vaccine development. Here, we demonstrated that human iPS cell-derived, immortalized, and ACE2- and TMPRSS2-expressing myeloid cell lines are useful as host cells for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The established cell lines were cloned and screened based on their function in terms of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2-infection or IL-6 productivity. Using the resulting K-ML2 (AT) clone 35 for SARS-CoV-2-infection or its subclone 35–40 for IL-6 productivity, it was possible to evaluate the potential of sera from severe COVID-19 patients to cause ADE and to stimulate IL-6 production upon infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Intracellular thermometry uncovers spontaneous thermogenesis and associated thermal signaling
Authors: Okabe Kohki , Uchiyama Seiichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConventional thermal biology has elucidated the physiological function of temperature homeostasis through spontaneous thermogenesis and responses to variations in environmental temperature in organisms. In addition to research on individual physiological phenomena, the molecular mechanisms of fever and physiological events such as temperature-dependent sex determination have been intensively addressed. Thermosensitive biomacromolecules such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were systematically identified, and their sophisticated functions were clarified. Complementarily, recent progress in intracellular thermometry has opened new research fields in thermal biology. High-resolution intracellular temperature mapping has uncovered thermogenic organelles, and the thermogenic functions of brown adipocytes were ascertained by the combination of intracellular thermometry and classic molecular biology. In addition, intracellular thermometry has introduced a new concept, “thermal signaling”, in which temperature variation within biological cells acts as a signal in a cascade of intriguing biological events.
Emergent $${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$-symmetry breaking of collective modes with topological critical phenomena
Authors: Pan Jian-Song , Yi Wei , Gong Jiangbin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe spontaneous breaking of parity-time ($${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$
PT
) symmetry yields rich critical behavior in non-Hermitian systems, and has stimulated much interest, albeit most previous studies were performed within the single-particle or mean-field framework. Here, by studying the collective excitations of a Fermi superfluid with $${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$
PT
-symmetric spin-orbit coupling, we uncover an emergent $${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$
PT
-symmetry breaking in the Anderson-Bogoliubov (AB) collective modes, even as the superfluid ground state retains an unbroken $${{{{{{{\mathcal{PT}}}}}}}}$$
PT
symmetry. The critical point of the transition is marked by a non-analytic kink in the speed of sound, which derives from the coalescence and annihilation of the AB mode and its hole partner, reminiscent of the particle-antiparticle annihilation. The system consequently becomes immune to low-frequency external perturbations at the critical point, a phenomenon associated with the spectral topology of the complex quasiparticle dispersion. This critical phenomenon offers a fascinating route toward perturbation-free quantum states.
Geological evidence of an unreported historical Chilean tsunami reveals more frequent inundation
Authors: Hocking Emma P. , Garrett Ed , Aedo Diego , Carvajal Matías , Melnick Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAssessing tsunami hazards commonly relies on historical accounts of past inundations, but such chronicles may be biased by temporal gaps due to historical circumstances. As a possible example, the lack of reports of tsunami inundation from the 1737 south-central Chile earthquake has been attributed to either civil unrest or a small tsunami due to deep fault slip below land. Here we conduct sedimentological and diatom analyses of tidal marsh sediments within the 1737 rupture area and find evidence for a locally-sourced tsunami consistent in age with this event. The evidence is a laterally-extensive sand sheet coincident with abrupt, decimetric subsidence. Coupled dislocation-tsunami models place the causative fault slip mostly offshore rather than below land. Whether associated or not with the 1737 earthquake, our findings reduce the average recurrence interval of tsunami inundation derived from historical records alone, highlighting the importance of combining geological and historical records in tsunami hazard assessment.
Kuwaiti hospital patients’ continuance intention to use telemedical systems in the wake of the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Almutairi Ibtisam L F H , Alazemi Bodoor F , Almutairi Faisal L F H 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate factors influencing patients’ continuance intention to use telemedicine after the COVID‐19 pandemic in the medical sector of Kuwait. To reach this purpose, the updated Delone and Maclean (2003) model was utilized to investigate the aforementioned factors. As such, this research applied quantitative research methods with a sample of 290 participants from patients in Dar Al Shifa Hospital, a private hospital in Kuwait which utilizes telemedical services called ‘Sehaty online’. The corresponding data was analyzed using SmartPLS. The findings of this study revealed that information quality and system quality have a positive and significant influence on patient's satisfaction, whereas service quality has an insignificant influence on patient's satisfaction. Also, patients’ continuance intention to use telemedicine is found to be significantly impacted by their satisfaction. Furthermore, several limitations of the study, related future research, and recommendations have been discussed.
Cosmic-ray flux predictions and observations for and with Metis on board Solar Orbiter
Authors: Grimani C. , Andretta V. , Chioetto P. , Da Deppo V. , Fabi M. , Gissot S. , Naletto G. , Persici A. , Plainaki C. , Romoli M. , Sabbatini F. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Telloni D. , Uslenghi M. , Antonucci E. , Bemporad A. , Capobianco G. , Capuano G. , Casti M. , De Leo Y. , Fineschi S. , Frassati F. , Frassetto F. , Heinzel P. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Liberatore A. , Magli E. , Messerotti M. , Moses D. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Pelizzo M. G. , Romano P. , Sasso C. , Schühle U. , Slemer A. , Straus T. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , Volpicelli C. A. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Zuppella P. 
Published: December 2021

Context.The Metis coronagraph is one of the remote sensing instruments hosted on board the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission. Metis is devoted to carry out the first simultaneous imaging of the solar corona in both visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV). High-energy particles can penetrate spacecraft materials and may limit the performance of the on-board instruments. A study of the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) tracks observed in the first VL images gathered by Metis during the commissioning phase is presented here. A similar analysis is planned for the UV channel.Aims.We aim to formulate a prediction of the GCR flux up to hundreds of GeV for the first part of the Solar Orbiter mission to study the performance of the Metis coronagraph.Methods.The GCR model predictions are compared to observations gathered on board Solar Orbiter by the High-Energy Telescope in the range between 10 MeV and 100 MeV in the summer of 2020 as well as with the previous measurements. Estimated cosmic-ray fluxes above 70 MeV n−1have been also parameterized and used for Monte Carlo simulations aimed at reproducing the cosmic-ray track observations in the Metis coronagraph VL images. The same parameterizations can also be used to study the performance of other detectors.Results.By comparing observations of cosmic-ray tracks in the Metis VL images with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic-ray interactions in the VL detector, we find that cosmic rays fire only a fraction, on the order of 10−4, of the whole image pixel sample. We also find that the overall efficiency for cosmic-ray identification in the Metis VL images is approximately equal to the contribution ofZ ≥ 2 GCR particles. A similar study will be carried out during the whole of the Solar Orbiter’s mission duration for the purposes of instrument diagnostics and to verify whether the Metis data and Monte Carlo simulations would allow for a long-term monitoring of the GCR proton flux.