bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility treatment with clomiphene citrate and childhood epilepsy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kettner L O , Matthiesen N B , Ramlau-Hansen C H , Kesmodel U S , Henriksen T B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Is fertility treatment with clomiphene citrate associated with an increased risk of childhood epilepsy, including specific subtypes of epilepsy?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Fertility treatment with clomiphene citrate may be associated with a small increased risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy and focal epilepsy in childhood.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Clomiphene citrate is among the most commonly prescribed drugs for fertility treatment. However, concerns have been raised as to whether the treatment may harm the developing fetus.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This nationwide cohort study included all pregnancies in Denmark from 1 July 1995 resulting in a live-born singleton child before 31 December 2013. The children were followed until 31 December 2016.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Children conceived after fertility treatment with clomiphene citrate were identified from the Danish National Prescription Registry. The primary outcomes were childhood epilepsy, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, and focal epilepsy identified from the Danish National Patient Register and from antiepileptic drug prescriptions in the Danish National Prescription Registry. All analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards regression.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
A total of 1 081 291 pregnancies were included; 12 644 children (1.2%) developed epilepsy. Fertility treatment with clomiphene citrate was associated with a small increased risk of childhood epilepsy (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00–1.22), idiopathic generalized epilepsy (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16–1.72), and focal epilepsy (HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.53).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The increased risk of idiopathic generalized epilepsy may be due to confounding from time stable parental characteristics related to treatment with clomiphene citrate, since the association was strongest with the lowest administered dosage of clomiphene citrate prior to conception, and the association disappeared in a sibling analysis.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The increased risk of focal epilepsy may be related to the hormonal treatment, since the association tended to increase with increasing cumulative dosage of clomiphene citrate prior to conception, and the association persisted in a sibling analysis. This finding may be of clinical importance, since alternative hormones are available for fertility treatment.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
Financial support from Aarhus University and the Aase and Ejnar Danielsen Foundation. U.S.K. received personal teaching fees from Merck, outside the submitted work.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
A Microscopic Derivation of Gibbs Measures for Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Unbounded Interaction Potentials
Authors: Sohinger Vedran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study the derivation of the Gibbs measure for the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation from many-body quantum thermal states in the mean-field limit. In this paper, we consider the nonlocal NLS with defocusing and unbounded $L^p$ interaction potentials on $\mathbb{T}^d$ for $d=1,2,3$. This extends the author’s earlier joint work with Fröhlich et al. [ 45], where the regime of defocusing and bounded interaction potentials was considered. When $d=1$, we give an alternative proof of a result previously obtained by Lewin et al. [ 69]. Our proof is based on a perturbative expansion in the interaction. When $d=1$, the thermal state is the grand canonical ensemble. As in [ 45], when $d=2,3$, the thermal state is a modified grand canonical ensemble, which allows us to estimate the remainder term in the expansion. The terms in the expansion are analysed using a graphical representation and are resummed by using Borel summation. By this method, we are able to prove the result for the optimal range of $p$ and obtain the full range of defocusing interaction potentials, which were studied in the classical setting when $d=2,3$ in the work of Bourgain [ 15].
Gonococcal Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Placing Mechanistic Insights Into the Context of Clinical and Epidemiological Observations
Authors: Xu Stacey X , Gray-Owen Scott D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is often asymptomatic in women, undetected infections can ascend into the upper genital tract to elicit an inflammatory response that manifests as pelvic inflammatory disease, with the outcomes depending on the intensity and duration of inflammation and whether it is localized to the endometrial, fallopian tube, ovarian, and/or other tissues. This review examines the contribution of N. gonorrhoeae versus other potential causes of pelvic inflammatory disease by considering new insights gained through molecular, immunological, and microbiome-based analyses, and the current epidemiological burden of infection, with an aim to highlighting key areas for future study.
Activating Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Are Associated With the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Bernal Enrique , Gimeno Lourdes , Alcaraz María J , Quadeer Ahmed A , Moreno Marta , Martínez-Sánchez María V , Campillo José A , Gomez Jose M , Pelaez Ana , García Elisa , Herranz Maite , Hernández-Olivo Marta , Martínez-Alfaro Elisa , Alcaraz Antonia , Muñoz Ángeles , Cano Alfredo , McKay Matthew R , Muro Manuel , Minguela Alfredo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Etiopathogenesis of the clinical variability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains mostly unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/human leukocyte antigen class-I (HLA-I) interactions in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19.

Methods
We performed KIR and HLA-I genotyping and natural killer cell (NKc) receptors immunophenotyping in 201 symptomatic patients and 210 noninfected controls.

Results
The NKcs with a distinctive immunophenotype, suggestive of recent activation (KIR2DS4low CD16low CD226low CD56high TIGIThigh NKG2Ahigh), expanded in patients with severe COVID-19. This was associated with a higher frequency of the functional A-telomeric activating KIR2DS4 in severe versus mild and/or moderate patients and controls (83.7%, 55.7% and 36.2%, P &lt; 7.7 × 10−9). In patients with mild and/or moderate infection, HLA-B*15:01 was associated with higher frequencies of activating B-telomeric KIR3DS1 compared with patients with other HLA-B*15 subtypes and noninfected controls (90.9%, 42.9%, and 47.3%; P &lt; .002; Pc = 0.022). This strongly suggests that HLA-B*15:01 specifically presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 peptides could form a neoligand interacting with KIR3DS1. Likewise, a putative neoligand for KIR2DS4 could arise from other HLA-I molecules presenting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 peptides expressed on infected an/or activated lung antigen-presenting cells.

Conclusions
Our results support a crucial role of NKcs in the clinical variability of COVID-19 with specific KIR/ligand interactions associated with disease severity.
Stepwise generation of AID knock-in and conditional knockout mice from a single gene-targeting event
Authors: Kinoshita Kazuo , Uemura Munehiro , Shimizu Takahiro , Kinoshita Shun , Marusawa Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) encoded by the Aicda gene initiates class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. In addition to this function, AID is also implicated in the epigenetic regulation in pluripotent stem cells and in the oncogenesis of lymphoid and non-lymphoid origins. To examine AID’s role in specific cell types, we developed mouse strains of conditional knockout (Aicda-FL) and knock-in with a red fluorescent protein gene (RFP) inserted into the Aicda locus (Aicda-RFP). These two strains were obtained from a single targeting event in embryonic stem cells by a three-loxP or tri-lox strategy. Partial and complete recombination among the three loxP sites in the Aicda-RFP locus gave rise to Aicda-FL and AID-deficient loci (Aicda-KO), respectively, after mating Aicda-RFP mice with Cre-expressing mice driven by tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphate promoter. We confirmed RFP expression in B cells of germinal centers of intestine-associated lymphoid tissue. Mice homozygous for each allele were obtained and were checked for AID activity by class-switch and hypermutation assays. AID activity was normal for Aicda-FL but partially and completely absent for Aicda-RFP and Aicda-KO, respectively. Aicda-FL and Aicda-RFP mice would be useful for studying AID function in subpopulations of B cells and in non-lymphoid cells.
Single- and Multiple-Laboratory Validation of LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Fosetyl-Al and Phosphonic Acid in Cereal Grains and Analysis of Rice, Wheat, and Barley
Authors: Sekiyama Atsushi , Toriumi Eisuke , Yamada Yukiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
In Japan, the residue definition for fosetyl-Al is “sum of fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid expressed as fosetyl-Al” and its current provisional maximum residue limit (MRL) in cereals is under review.

Objective
For establishment and enforcement of fosetyl-Al MRL in cereals, a new analytical method for fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid in cereals should be developed and validated.

Method
The new method involves water extraction, cleanup using tandem cation- and anion-exchange mini columns, and determination by LC-MS/MS. It was validated in a single laboratory and multiple laboratories. Using the method, 41 samples of rice, wheat, and barley were analyzed.

Results
In the multiple-laboratory validation: repeatability and reproducibility for three concentrations of fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid were in ranges of 4.8–20 and 5.9–34%; calculated sum of fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid, expressed as fosetyl-Al, showed good recoveries; linearity was observed for fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid in ranges of 0.005–0.4 and 0.025–2.0 mg/kg; and specificity was sufficient. The method was verified for rice matrixes. In 41 samples, phosphonic acid was detected up to 0.2 mg/kg while fosetyl was not.

Conclusions
The method was successfully validated with high precision, accuracy, linearity, and specificity and capable of analyzing fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid with a practical LOQ of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg. The LOQs and concentrations of phosphonic acid in samples indicate that a potential MRL would be 0.5 mg/kg for fosetyl-Al in cereals.

Highlights
The validated method was simpler than many methods and did not require derivatization, matrix-matched orisotopically-labeled internal standards.
Delayed Neurological Sequelae in an Infant After Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Authors: Lai Yeu-Her , Chen Li-Wen , Hsueh Yuan-Yu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Delayed neurological sequelae are symptoms that appear over a period of time after an acute event of carbon monoxide poisoning. The incidence of delayed neurological sequelae is lower in children than in adults and is even more uncommon in infants. Here, we present a case of a 4-month-old infant who developed delayed neurological sequelae after carbon monoxide intoxication. She presented with neurological symptoms, including opisthotonus, athetoid movements, anterior tongue thrust, and opsoclonus. Because these symptoms are starkly different from those of adults, they should be compared with age-appropriate developmental milestones. Because of their faster metabolic rate and presence of fetal hemoglobin, infants with developing brains may be especially vulnerable to carbon monoxide toxicity. Therefore, thorough neurological examination and prompt treatment are critical for infants who experience carbon monoxide intoxication.
Vernacular Design: A History of Hong Kong Neon Signs
Authors: Kwok Brian Sze-Hang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Neon signs dominated Hong Kong’s urban landscape from the 1950s to the early 2000s. This visual vernacular, however, has begun to vanish from Hong Kong’s streets over the past decade due to stricter regulations and the emergence of cheaper alternatives. As a result, scholars, the media and the general public have become more engaged in recording and preserving neon signs, and have begun to recognize them as an aspect of Hong Kong’s vernacular design. This engagement serves as an entry point for investigating the application of western views of vernacular design to Hong Kong, using neon signs as a case study. A collection of 218 original neon sign designs was donated by the Nam Wah Neonlight & Electrical Factory to the Information Design Lab at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Using these original designs and photos of neon signs taken in different districts in Hong Kong, this article provides historical and socio-cultural perspectives with which to examine vernacular design, to identify other attributes that should be taken into account, such as aesthetics, bottom-up participation, architecture and the urban environment. The article aims to contribute to the study of vernacular design and the design history of neon signs.
Effects ofHelicobacter pylorieradication on gastric cancer incidence in the Japanese population: a systematic evidence review
Authors: Lin Yingsong , Kawai Sayo , Sasakabe Tae , Nagata Chisato , Naito Mariko , Tanaka Keitaro , Sugawara Yumi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Sawada Norie , Matsuo Keitaro , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Utada Mai , Ito Hidemi , Shimazu Taichi , Kikuchi Shogo , Inoue Manami ,   Research Group for the Development and Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, there are ongoing efforts to shift the gastric cancer prevention and control policy priorities from barium-based screening to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-oriented primary prevention. A comprehensive summary of the evidence regarding the effects of H. pylori eradication on the risk of gastric cancer could inform policy decisions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies evaluating the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer in otherwise healthy individuals (primary prevention) and early gastric cancer patients (tertiary prevention).ResultsIn total, 19 studies were included. Three moderate-quality observational cohort studies showed that H. pylori eradication may be associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic Japanese people. There is moderate certainty regarding the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication in patients with gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcers. A meta-analysis of 10 observational studies with otherwise healthy individuals (mainly peptic ulcer patients) yielded an overall risk ratio of 0.34 (95% CI: 0.25–0.46). Regarding tertiary prevention, the overall risk ratio for developing metachronous gastric cancer was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.39–0.66) in the eradication group in a meta-analysis of nine studies involving early gastric cancer patients who underwent endoscopic resection.ConclusionH. pylori eradication is effective in preventing gastric cancer in the Japanese population, regardless of symptoms. Well-designed, large cohort studies are warranted to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication in the context of reducing the gastric cancer burden through population-based screening and treatment.
The current status of inpatient cancer rehabilitation provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan
Authors: Fukushima Takuya , Tsuji Tetsuya , Watanabe Noriko , Sakurai Takuro , Matsuoka Aiko , Kojima Kazuhiro , Yahiro Sachiko , Oki Mami , Okita Yusuke , Yokota Shota , Nakano Jiro , Sugihara Shinsuke , Sato Hiroshi , Kawakami Juichi , Kagaya Hitoshi , Tanuma Akira , Sekine Ryuichi , Mori Keita , Zenda Sadamoto , Kawai Akira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
This survey was conducted to clarify the current status of inpatient cancer rehabilitation provided by designated cancer hospitals in Japan.

Methods
A survey questionnaire was sent to 427 designated cancer hospitals in Japan. Information was sought regarding whether inpatient cancer rehabilitation was provided by the center, and if so, whether respondents regarded such provision as satisfactory.

Results
Responses were obtained from 235/427 surveyed institutions (55.0%). Cancer rehabilitation was provided in inpatient settings by 97.4%. Two-thirds of respondents (67.7%) regarded inpatient cancer rehabilitation provision as still inadequate. The primary reasons claimed for this inadequacy were a lack of human resources, a lack of rehabilitation professionals with the requisite knowledge/skills and patients who would benefit from cancer rehabilitation present but not prescribed. The total number of rehabilitation staff was identified as associated factor of inadequate inpatient cancer rehabilitation in multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 0.979, 95% confidence interval = 0.96–1.00, P = 0.009).

Conclusions
In order to provide adequate cancer rehabilitation, a sufficient supply of rehabilitation staff, education and recognition of the need for cancer rehabilitation within oncology units are necessary.
A flexible modelling of galaxy assembly bias
Authors: Contreras S , Angulo R E , Zennaro M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We use the illustris TNG300 magneto-hydrodynamic simulation, the sage semi-analytical model, and the subhalo abundance matching technique (SHAM) to examine the diversity in predictions for galaxy assembly bias (i.e. the difference in the large-scale clustering of galaxies at a fixed halo mass due to correlations with the assembly history and other properties of host haloes). We consider samples of galaxies selected according to their stellar mass or star formation rate at various redshifts. We find that all models predict an assembly bias signal of different magnitude, redshift evolution, and dependence with selection criteria and number density. To model these non-trivial dependences, we propose an extension to the standard SHAM technique so it can include arbitrary amounts of assembly bias. We do this by preferentially selecting subhaloes with the same internal property but different individual large-scale bias. We find that with this model, we can successfully reproduce the galaxy assembly bias signal in either sage or the tng, for all redshifts and galaxy number densities. We anticipate that this model can be used to constrain the level of assembly bias in observations and aid in the creation of more realistic mock galaxy catalogues.
Formation of chiral CO polyhedral crystals on icy interstellar grains
Authors: Kouchi Akira , Tsuge Masashi , Hama Tetsuya , Niinomi Hiromasa , Nakatani Naoki , Shimonishi Takashi , Oba Yasuhiro , Kimura Yuki , Sirono Sin-iti , Okuzumi Satoshi , Momose Munetake , Furuya Kenji , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The crystallinity and morphology of solid carbon monoxide (CO) on icy interstellar grains were examined by observing the deposition, crystallization, and UV and electrons irradiation of solid CO using transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we found that solid CO deposited in molecular clouds was crystalline, and that even if amorphous CO was deposited, amorphous CO crystallized within 103 yr at 10 K. Conversely, crystalline CO was not amorphized by UV rays or electron beam at 10 K. These results indicated the occurrence of chiral crystalline CO instead of amorphous CO in space. Furthermore, the large surface diffusion coefficients of CO on eamorphous H2O and crystalline CO at 10 K facilitated the morphological equilibration of crystalline CO. Bad wetting of crystalline CO with amorphous H2O proved that the morphology of the ice grains was not spherical with an onion-like structure, as hitherto assumed, but rather it was a polyhedral crystalline CO attached to amorphous H2O. This has important implications for phenomena associated with the collision and subsequent sticking between ice grains, surface chemical reactions, non-thermal desorption of molecules and the origin of homochirality in interstellar biomolecules.
Impact of surface heterogeneity on IR line profiles of adsorbed carbon monoxide on models of interstellar grain surfaces
Authors: Taj S , Rosu-Finsen A , McCoustra M R S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTSurface heterogeneity of model amorphous silica films used as a model for interstellar grain surfaces is revealed through the application of the pre-exponential optimized inversion method to previously reported sub-monolayer thermal desorption studies of carbon monoxide (CO) desorption. The impact of that surface heterogeneity, as represented by the coverage dependence of the CO activation energy for desorption from the amorphous silica surface, on the IR spectroscopy of the CO stretching vibration is explored through vibrational line profile synthesis. Comparison is then made to previous investigations of CO line profiles on this surface and on amorphous solid water as reported in Taj et al. (2017, 2019a). A tentative conclusion is drawn that CO vibrationally promoted desorption from, and diffusion on, the amorphous silica surface may be responsible for the correspondingly short vibrational excited state lifetime of CO on that surface. The contrast with CO on amorphous solid water, where direct and rapid vibrational relaxation into the solid water phonon bath occurs, is highlighted. The consequences of this from the standpoint of CO deposition on grain surfaces are discussed.
Testing the fossil field hypothesis: could strongly magnetized OB stars produce all known magnetars?
Authors: Makarenko Ekaterina I , Igoshev Andrei P , Kholtygin A F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Stars of spectral types O and B produce neutron stars (NSs) after supernova explosions. Most of NSs are strongly magnetized including normal radio pulsars with B ∝ 1012 G and magnetars with B ∝ 1014 G. A fraction of 7–12 per cent of massive stars are also magnetized with B ∝ 103 G and some are weakly magnetized with B ∝ 1 G. It was suggested that magnetic fields of NSs could be the fossil remnants of magnetic fields of their progenitors. This work is dedicated to study this hypothesis. First, we gather all modern precise measurements of surface magnetic fields in O, B, and A stars. Secondly, we estimate parameters for lognormal distribution of magnetic fields in B stars and found μB = 2.83 ± 0.1 log10 (G), σB = 0.65 ± 0.09 for strongly magnetized and μB = 0.14 ± 0.5 log10 (G), $\sigma =0.7_{-0.27}^{+0.57}$ for weakly magnetized. Third, we assume that the magnetic field of pulsars and magnetars have 2.7-dex difference in magnetic fields and magnetars represent 10 per cent of all young NSs and run population synthesis. We found that it is impossible to simultaneously reproduce pulsars and magnetars populations if the difference in their magnetic fields is 2.7 dex. Therefore, we conclude that the simple fossil origin of the magnetic field is not viable for NSs.
Matched filtering with non-Gaussian noise for planet transit detections
Authors: Robnik Jakob , Seljak Uroš 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We develop a method for planet detection in transit data, which is based on the matched filter technique, combined with the Gaussianization of the noise outliers. The method is based on Fourier transforms and is as fast as the existing methods for planet searches. The Gaussianized matched filter (GMF) method significantly outperforms the standard baseline methods in terms of the false positive rate, enabling planet detections at up to 30 per cent lower transit amplitudes. Moreover, the method extracts all the main planet transit parameters, amplitude, period, phase, and duration. By comparison to the state-of-the-art Gaussian process methods on both simulations and real data, we show that all the transit parameters are determined with an optimal accuracy (no bias and minimum variance), meaning that the GMF method can be used for both the initial planet detection and the follow-up planet parameter analysis.