bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeding Supermassive Black Holes with Self-interacting Dark Matter: A Unified Scenario with Baryons
Authors: Feng Wei-Xiang , Yu Hai-Bo , Zhong Yi-Ming 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Observations show that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with a mass of ∼109
M
⊙ exist when the universe is just 6% of its current age. We propose a scenario where a self-interacting dark matter halo experiences gravothermal instability and its central region collapses into a seed black hole. The presence of baryons in protogalaxies could significantly accelerate the gravothermal evolution of the halo and shorten collapse timescales. The central halo could dissipate its angular momentum remnant via viscosity induced by the self-interactions. The host halo must be on high tails of density fluctuations, implying that high-z SMBHs are expected to be rare in this scenario. We further derive conditions for triggering general relativistic instability of the collapsed region. Our results indicate that self-interacting dark matter can provide a unified explanation for diverse dark matter distributions in galaxies today and the origin of SMBHs at redshifts z ∼ 6–7.
Brevet et santé : d’une mondialisation à l’autre, d’une controverse à l’autre sous système de production capitaliste
Authors: Guennif Samira 
Published: June 2021

Cet article propose une revue de la littérature qui examine la propriété intellectuelle et ses effets en termes de soutien à l’innovation et de contribution au bien-être général. Il permet de retracer, parallèlement au passage d’une première mondialisation à l’autre au sein du système de production capitaliste, le glissement subtil d’une controverse à l’autre entre la fin du xix e siècle et le début du xxi e siècle : celle de l’utilité sociale du brevet à celle de la licence obligatoire.
Les félicités du capital en santé
Authors: Bourgain Catherine , Cassier Maurice , Gaudillière Jean-Paul , Juven Pierre-André 
Published: June 2021

Alors que le terme de « crise » est sans cesse mobilisé depuis le milieu des années 2000 pour décrire une industrie pharmaceutique financiarisée, en spéculant sur un nombre limité d’innovations à valeur ajoutée clinique importante, cet article propose d’élargir la perspective en considérant les capitalismes pharmaceutiques des Nords et des Suds dans leur diversité. Nous présentons une analyse socio-historique de plusieurs modes de déploiements de ces industries de santé et des conditions de « félicité » de leur modèle scientifique et financier. Insistant sur l’importance des infrastructures politiques de construction des marchés et sur les ordres institutionnels dans lesquels s’insèrent les industries (et qu’elles contribuent à façonner), nous montrons qu’il est possible de lire le développement des capitalismes pharmaceutiques à l’aune de trois critères : le degré de financiarisation, les formes de propriété intellectuelle et la place prise par les biotechnologies. Cette analyse remet en cause la division entre des Nords industriels et innovateurs d’une part et des Suds gérant la pénurie d’autre part.
pH and Proton Sensor GPR65 Determine Susceptibility to Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Xie Liang , McKenzie Craig I , Qu Xinyan , Mu Yan , Wang Quanbo , Bing Nan , Naidoo Karmella , Alam Md Jahangir , Yu Di , Gong Fang , Ang Caroline , Robert Remy , Marques Francine Z , Furlotte Nicholas , Hinds David , Gasser Olivier ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L , Fontanillas Pierre , Huber Karen E , Kleinman Aaron , Litterman Nadia K , McCreight Jennifer C , McIntyre Matthew H , Mountain Joanna L , Noblin Elizabeth S , Northover Carrie A M , Pitts Steven J , Sathirapongsasuti J Fah , Sazonova Olga V , Shelton Janie F , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y , Vacic Vladimir , Xavier Ramnik J , Mackay Charles R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
pH sensing by GPR65 regulates various inflammatory conditions, but its role in skin remains unknown. In this study, we performed a phenome-wide association study and report that the T allele of GPR65-intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs8005161, which reduces GPR65 signaling, showed a significant association with atopic dermatitis, in addition to inflammatory bowel diseases and asthma, as previously reported. Consistent with this genetic association in humans, we show that deficiency of GPR65 in mice resulted in markedly exacerbated disease in the MC903 experimental model of atopic dermatitis. Deficiency of GPR65 also increased neutrophil migration in vitro. Moreover, GPR65 deficiency in mice resulted in higher expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by T cells. In humans, CD4+ T cells from rs8005161 heterozygous individuals expressed higher levels of TNF-α after PMA/ionomycin stimulation, particularly under pH 6 conditions. pH sensing by GPR65 appears to be important for regulating the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Alveolar Macrophages Inherently Express Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 for Optimal Protective Immunity and Tolerance
Authors: Sun Fan , Li Liwen , Xiao Yadong , Gregory Alyssa D , Shapiro Steven D , Xiao Gutian , Qu Zhaoxia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in lung physiology and pathology. In this study, we show in mice that alveolar macrophages (AMs), unlike other macrophage types (interstitial, peritoneal, and splenic macrophages), constitutively express programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), thereby possessing a superior phagocytic ability and the capacity to repress CTLs by cis- and trans-interacting with CD80 and programmed death-1 (PD-1), respectively. This extraordinary ability of AMs assures optimal protective immunity and tolerance within the lung. These findings uncover a unique characteristic of AMs and an innate immune function of PD-L1 and CD80 and therefore help in the understanding of lung physiology, diseases, and PD-L1/PD-1–based immunotherapy.
QUEER FEMINITY MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON WEB SERIES BOUNDARIES: CONFINING OR FREEING(?)
Authors: Utomo Samuel Rihi Hadi , Udasmoro Wening 
Published: June 2021

This study attempts to explain and dissect the position of queer femininity in the gender order constellation in the context of queer in Indonesia, exploring the position of queer femininity on the Batas web series. Analysis of multimodal discourse from the perspective of Kress and van Leeuwen with terminologies; representational meaning, interactive meaning and compositional meaning, shows that queer femininity discourse within Batas explains the shifting and blurring of boundaries between subject-object and active-passive which always refers to rigid masculine and feminine binary. Queer femininity discourse in Batas shows that femininity is not monolithic. A queer perspective can provide a subversive position, negotiate and resist the dominant discourse. On the other hand, it shows the idealized codes of heterosexual discourse, patriarchy and media.
Keywords: Queer, Femininity, Discourse, Multimodal, Webseries
Afectación a las exportaciones de banano ecuatoriano a causa de la pandemia por el covid 19
Authors: Burgos Guido Homero Poveda , Jara Clara Augusta Cabrera , López Jean Steve Carrera , García Bárbara de Lourdes Sambonino 
Published: June 2021

En los actuales momentos, el desarrollo económico del Ecuador se encuentra seriamente comprometido ante la declaración de la pandemia a causa del COVID19, por cuanto las medidas de bioseguridad adoptadas obligan al confinamiento de los habitantes en sus hogares, y una seria reducción de la capacidad empresarial y productiva de todos los sectores.
Las generalidades en el comportamiento de la economía reflejan una perspectiva global muy compleja en el sector bananero del país, por cuanto desde el pequeño productor independiente hasta las grandes empresas nacionales y transnacionales dedicadas a la producción y comercialización de la fruta se ven seriamente afectados en toda su cadena logística.
Las operaciones de comercio internacional, así como el consecuente impacto al medio ambiente se ha reducido significativamente en todos sus indicadores, afectando el ingreso de divisas, liquidez del sistema financiero, estabilidad de personal, pago de proveedores y otros. Es de recordar que el banano representa uno de los principales recursos renovables que posee el Ecuador dentro de su oferta exportable tomando en cuenta que según la Asociación de Exportadores de Banano del Ecuador los envíos al exterior crecieron un 4% durante el primer semestre 2019 representando 1706 millones de dólares que se inyectan directamente a la economía nacional.
La oferta exportable del banano se ha reducido aproximadamente un 70% en los mercados internacionales y a su vez también se han incrementado el precio de los servicios logísticos multimodal requeridos para el transporte de la fruta por el riesgo inherente a un contagio no deseado que conlleva en los actuales momentos el desarrollo de toda actividad comercial.
En la planificación de la política pública ecuatoriana, está muy presente que el banano tiene un importante aporte a la economía fundamental del Ecuador. Dándole la debida importancia siendo el banano la segunda fuente de ingresos al estado. Constituyéndose este en un elemento clave de la economía ecuatoriana.
Propuestas básicas de actualizaciones curriculares para el enfoque de enseñanza por competencias
Authors: León de Umaña María Natalia 
Published: June 2021

El proceso educativo como tal a nivel global, a partir de los últimos sucesos mundiales ocurridos generados por la pandemia COVID19, no podrá ser igual. Se hace necesario realizar una actualización curricular en todos los niveles educativos y en toda la oferta académica para adecuar los programas educativos actuales al uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Se trataría no solo de un complemento o cambios instrumentales en el proceso de aprendizaje, sino más allá, establecer la construcción y vinculación del aprendizaje, en especial aplicando el enfoque de enseñanza por competencias, aplicando como parte indispensable las “tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento”. La metodología utilizada para la recopilación de datos fue por medio de la observación directa a diversos procesos educativos en los niveles básico, medio y superior. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca que será indispensable en la formación y actualización docente incluir estrategias pedagógicas y andragógicas, estableciendo nuevas competencias didácticas que den respuestas a las nuevas necesidades especiales de aprendizaje, surgidas a partir de las brechas tecnológicas actuales, a la realidad del estudiantado, a la disponibilidad de material didáctico en la población estudiantil entre otros factores.
Thematic Study of Siraiki Naat
Authors: Bakar Muhammad Abu , Khan Muhammad Mumtaz 
Published: June 2021

With the advent of Islam, Naat recitation was started. Siraiki Naat recitation also has a thousand years of history. Love to rasool (PBUH), event miraj, Sarapa nigari, the birth of Prophet (PBUH), miracles, morality, Mercy for the whole universe, and Ghazwat is prominent in major naat subjects, The siraiki poet begins his poetry with the divine and naat-e-Rasool (PBUH) and in his own style and his own words, He seeks to describe the Holly prophet (PBUH) and considers it an essential part of his faith. The majority of Siraiki poetry consists of the praise of the Holy Prophet and this series will continue till the Day of Judgment. The thematic study of siraiki naat is presented in the research paper under discussion.
Telemedicine Terhadap Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19 Di Ruang Instalasi Gawat Darurat (Igd) Selama Masa Pandemik Covid-19
Authors: Martini Made 
Published: June 2021

Pencegahan penyebaran virus SARS-Cov-2 memerlukan suatu strategi dan tindakan terutama di pelayanan kesehatan.Instalasi gawat darurat merupakan tempat perawatan yang tinggi angka kunjungan dan beresiko menyebabkan infeksinosocomial yang tinggi, pelaksanaan telemedicine merupakan salah satu cara untuk menekan jumlah kunjungan terutamake Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali pelaksanaan Telemedicine terhadap pencegahanpenyebaran penyakit COVID-19 di ruang IGD selama masa pandemic COVID-19. Metode yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini adalah literature review ini dilakukan dengan penelusuran database elektronik yaitu DOAJ, PubMed, danScientDirect. Publikasi artikel mulai dari tahun 2020-2021 dengan menggunakan kata kunci: covid-19, telemedicine, gawatdarurat. Literature review ini menggunakan kriteria seleksi untuk melakukan data extraction yaitu artikel bahasa Inggrisdan Indonesia, full text dan mencakup abstrak. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dan kualitatif, subjek tenagakesehatan. Jumlah artikel terakhir yang digunakan dalam literature review ini sebanyak 10 artikel yang memenuhi kreteriainklusi. Secara keseluruhan peneliti menemukan bahwa membahas tentang pelaksanaan telemedicine. Kesimpulan daripenelitian ini menunjukkan pelaksanaan telemedicine merupakan salah satu strategi yang efektif dilakukan untuk mencegahpenyebaran COVID-19 selama masa Pandemi.
Kata Kunci: Gawat-darurat, Telemedicine, Covid-19
Rarefied particle motions on hillslopes – Part 3: Entropy
Authors: Furbish David Jon , Williams Sarah G. W. , Doane Tyler H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Theoretical and experimental work (Furbish et al., 2021a, b) indicates that the travel distances of rarefied particle motions on rough hillslope surfaces are described by a generalized Pareto distribution. The form of this distribution varies with the balance between gravitational heating, due to conversion of potential to kinetic energy, and frictional cooling, due to particle–surface collisions; it varies from a bounded form associated with rapid thermal collapse to an exponential form representing isothermal conditions to a heavy-tailed form associated with net heating of particles. The generalized Pareto distribution in this problem is a maximum entropy distribution constrained by a fixed energetic “cost” – the total cumulative energy extracted by collisional friction per unit kinetic energy available during particle motions. That is, among all possible accessible microstates – the many different ways to arrange a great number of particles into distance states where each arrangement satisfies the same fixed total energetic cost – the generalized Pareto distribution represents the most probable arrangement. Because this idea applies equally to the accessible microstates associated with net cooling, isothermal conditions and net heating, the fixed energetic cost provides a unifying interpretation for these distinctive behaviors, including the abrupt transition in the form of the generalized Pareto distribution in crossing isothermal conditions. The analysis therefore represents a novel generalization of an energy-based constraint in using the maximum entropy method to infer non-exponential distributions of particle motions. Moreover, the energetic costs of individual particle motions follow an extreme-value distribution that is heavy-tailed for net cooling and light-tailed for net heating. The relative contribution of different travel distances to the total energetic cost is reflected by the product of the travel distance distribution and the cost of individual particle motions – effectively a frequency–magnitude product.
Political Micro-Targeting in Kenya: An Analysis of the Legality of Data-Driven Campaign Strategies under the Data Protection Act
Authors: Mude Hashim 
Published: June 2021

The 2013 general election marked the entry of data-driven campaigning into Kenyan politics as political parties begun collecting and storing voter data. More sophisticated techniques were deployed in 2017 as politicians retained the services of data analytics firms such as Cambridge Analytica, accused of digital colonialism and undermining democracies. It is alleged that political parties engaged in regular targeting and more intrusive micro-targeting, facilitated by the absence of a data protection legal framework.The promulgation of the Data Protection Act, 2019, ostensibly remedied this gap. This paper analyses whether, and to what extent, political parties can rely on the same–or similar– regular targeting and micro-targeting techniques in subsequent elections. While regular targeting differs from micro-targeting as the latter operates at a more granular level, both comprise of three steps- collecting a voter’s personal data, profiling them, and sending out targeted messages.
This paper considers the legality of each of these steps in turn. It finds that going forward, such practices will likely require the consent of the data subject. However, the Act provides for several exceptions which political parties could abuse to circumvent this requirement. There are also considerable loopholes that allow open access to voter data in the electoral list as well as the personal data of the members of a rival political party. The efficacy of the Data Protection Act will largely rest on whether the Data Protection Commissioner will interpret it progressively and hold political parties to account.
Introduction
Authors: Sciabarra Chris Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This introduction celebrates the progress of The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies, the only interdisciplinary, double-blind peer-reviewed, university press–published periodical devoted to the study of Ayn Rand and her times. It notes the expansion of the journal's readership and the creation of the new Scholarly Publishing Collective that will further expand the accessibility and visibility of the journal as it enters its third decade of publication.
Perubahan Kadar Protein dalam Urin terhadap Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi (Valsartan) pada Pasien Nefropati
Authors: Fandinata Selly Septi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus (DM) adalah suatu sindroma gangguan metabolisme yang dicirikan dengan hiperglikemia abnormal sebagai akibat dari suatu defisiensi sekresi insulin, berkurangnya efektivitas aktivitas biologis insulin atau adanya resistensi insulin. Komplikasi kronik mikrovaskular, salah satunya yaitu Penyakit Ginjal Diabetik. Penyakit Ginjal Diabetik didefinisikan secara klinik yaitu penyakit DM dengan proteinuria yang menetap dalam urin. Meta analisis melaporkan bahwa proteinuria merupakan marker terjadinya kerusakan ginjal. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa terapi ARB dapat menurunkan derajat proteinuria pada pasien ginjal-diabetik. Terapi ARB yang paling banyak digunakan di RSUD Dr. Sutomo adalah valsartan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar protein dalam urin terhadap penggunaan antihipertensi (valsartan) pada pasien penyakit Nefropati. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Penyakit Dalam RSUD Dr. Sutomo. Kriteria Inklusi yaitu penderita penyakit ginjal diabetik di Instalasi rawat jalan dengan proteinuria dan tekanan darah terkontrol (≤130/80mmHg), yang menggunakan terapi antihipertensi tunggal valsartan. Kriteria Eksklusi yaitu hiperkalemia, ISK, menggunakan obat-obatan yang mempengaruhi proteinuria (NSAID, vit B6, B12) dan kontraindikasi terhadap valsartan. Dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada pemberian valsartan tidak terjadi perubahan distribusi derajat proteinuria, dari 27 penderita 29,6% mengalami penurunan, 59,26% tetap dan 11,11% mengalami peningkatan derajat proteinuria. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini bahwa valsartan tidak mengalami perubahan dalam menurunkan deraajat proteinuria.Kata kunci: nefropati, proteinuria, ARB, valsartan. ABSTRACTDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal hyperglicemia. One of the chronic complication DM is renal microangiopathy called Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). In addition, clinical DN is defined as DM with proteinuria. Meta analysis reported proteinuria as a marker of kidney damage as predictor of progressive kidney disease is robust. Moreover several trials concluded ARBs treatment could reduce the level of proteinuria in DN patients. ARBs treatment used in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Central Hospital Surabaya is valsartan. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of valsartan treatments on the proteinuria level in DN patients. This study was done at the outpatients clinic departement RSUD Dr. Soetomo Central Hospital Surabaya. The inclusion criteria were DN patients with normal blood pressure (≤130/80mmHg). Twenty seven patients were enrolled in this study. The result showed valsartan antiproteinuria, there was no change in proteinuria level distribution. From twenty seven patients 29,6% decreased, 59,26% did not change and 11,11% increased proteinuria level. As a conclusion, valsartan treatment no change in proteinuria level distribution.Keywords: diabetic nephropathy, proteinuria, ARBs, valsartan.
Analisis Kandungan Formalin pada Mie Basah Menggunakan Nash dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Yulianti Cicik Herlina , Safira Aldila Nur 
Published: June 2021

Mie merupakan produk makanan yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu jenis mie yang banyak diolah menjadi makanan adalah mie basah. Mie basah yaitu mie yang memiliki kandungan air cukup tinggi karena dalam pembuatannya mengalami proses perebusan sebelum dijual. Oleh sebab itu mie basah tidak dapat disimpan terlalu lama. Untuk mencegah mie berlendir dan tumbuhnya jamur maka produsen mie basah biasanya menambahkan pengawet kedalam adonan makanan. Akan tetapi adakalanya produsen menambahkan pengawet berbahaya, salah satunya adalah formalin. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah ditemukan pemakaian formalin sebagai pengawet pada mie basah. Formalin adalah bahan kimia yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan dan juga dilarang penggunaannya sebagai bahan tambahan makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan formalin pada mie basah di pasar Wonokusumo dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan reagen nash. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sampel mie basah dari Pasar Wonokusumo Kota Surabaya yang tidak mengandung formalin dijual oleh tiga pedagang (A, D, dan E) dan dua pedagang (B dan C) diketahui menjual mie basah mengandung formalin. Rata – rata kandungan formalin pada sampel mie basah yang diperoleh dari pedagang B sebesar 257,596 mg/kg dan pedagang C sebesar 320,884 mg/kg.
Kata kunci: mie basah, formalin, nash, spektrofotometri UV-Vis