bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STS Protects Diabetic Glomerular Vascular Endothelial Barrier by Ameliorating EPC Dysfunction: Targeting RAGE-TXNIP-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway
Authors: Heng Yan-Yan , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Wang Fei-Fei , Zhang Peng-Fei , wei wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) injury is one of the crucial causes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) is the essential mechanism of vascular endothelial repair, which damages by diabetic pathology. Sodium Tanshinone Sulfonate ⅡA (STS) is known to protect endothelium, but the mechanism and the role in DKD need to be studied. Methods: EPC was treated with high glucose (HG), and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, DNA damage, proliferation, differentiation and senescence were detected; STS and EPC were intravenous injected into diabetic nude mice, the urine protein quantitation and urine protein/creatinine were detected; the Dil-labeled EPC was traced and the expression of TXNIP, caspase-1 (p20), p21, Ki67, CD31 were detected by fluorescence co-location in glomerulus.Results: We found that STS inhibited HG-induced TXNIP expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, catalase (CAT) inactivation, DNA damage, senescence； STS restored EPC proliferation and differentiation functions; advanced glycation end products (AGEs) produced in HG treated EPC supernatant, the receptor of AGE (RAGE) blocking inhibited TXNIP expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which mimicked by STS. STS protected EPC functions in diabetic glomerular and enhanced EPC renal function amelioration. Conclusions: We concluded that STS watched CAT activity to prevent HG-induced EPC DNA damage, proliferation, differentiation dysfunction, accelerated senescence by inhibiting the RAGE-TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway.
A Spider Silk-derived Solubility Domain Inhibits Nuclear and Cytosolic Protein Aggregation in Human Cells
Authors: Schellhaus Katharina , Gierisch Maria , Vornberger Julia , Johansson Jan , Dantuma Nico 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Due to the inherent toxicity of protein aggregates, the propensity of natural, functional amyloidogenic proteins to aggregate must be tightly controlled to avoid negative consequences on cellular viability. The importance of controlled aggregation in biological processes is illustrated by spidroins, which are functional amyloidogenic proteins that form the basis for spider silk. Premature aggregation of spidroins is prevented by the N-terminal NT domain. Here we explored the potential of the engineered, spidroin-based NT* domain in preventing protein aggregation in the intracellular environment of human cells. We show that the NT* domain increases the soluble pool of a reporter protein carrying a ligand-regulatable aggregation domain. Interestingly, the NT* domain prevents the formation of aggregates independent of its position in the aggregation-prone protein. The ability of the NT* domain to inhibit ligand-regulated aggregation was evident both in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments, which are both highly relevant for human disorders linked to non-physiological protein aggregation. We conclude that the spidroin-derived NT* domain has a generic anti-aggregation activity, independent of position or subcellular location, that is also active in human cells and propose that the NT* domain can potentially be exploited in controlling protein aggregation of disease-associated proteins.
Dynamic Analysis and Synchronization with Unidirectional Coupling Involving Energy of a HR Neuron Under Electric Field and Memristive Autapse
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Gao Chenghua , An Xinlei , He Xingyue , Wang Jingjing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Reliable neuron models play an important role in identifying the electrical activities, global bifurcation patterns, and dynamic mechanisms of neurons in complex electromagnetic environments. Considering the memristive autapse involving magnetic coupling has voltage-controlled, nonlinear, and memory, a 5-D HR neuron model containing magnetic field and electric field variables is established. Detailedly, the existence and stability conditions of the equilibrium point are determined by theoretical analysis, and the complex time-varying stability, saddle-node bifurcation, and Hopf bifurcation behaviors of the model are verified by numerical calculation. Interestingly, the system has a bistable structure consisting of quiescent state and period-1 and period-2 bursting modes near the subcritical Hopf bifurcation. It is noteworthy that the memristive autapse has a complex regulation mechanism for the bistable region so that three kinds of bistable coexisting structures and counterintuitive dynamic phenomena can be induced by appropriately adjusting the memristive autapse. Accordingly, the mechanism of positive feedback memristive autapse decreases its firing frequency, while negative feedback memristive autapse promotes its excitability was revealed by the fast-slow dynamic analysis. Extensive numerical results display that the system generally possesses period-adding bifurcation modes and comb-shaped chaotic structures. Furthermore, it is found that the firing modes and multistability regions of the system can be accurately predicted by analyzing the global dynamic behaviors of Hamilton energy. Importantly, it is verified that the unidirectional coupling controller involving energy is far more efficient and consumes less energy than electrical synaptic coupling in achieving complete synchronization with mismatched parameters.
Comparison of Different Sepsis Scoring Systems and Pathways: qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro Criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS Pathway in Bacteraemic and Non-Bacteraemic Patients Presenting To The Emergency Department
Authors: Sparks Rebecca , Harada Arisa , Chavada Ruchir , Trethewy Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Bacteraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with delayed antibiotic treatment associated with poorer outcomes. Early identification is challenging, but clinically important. Multiple scoring systems have been developed to identify individuals in the broader categories of sepsis. We designed this study to assess the performance of existing scoring systems and pathways - CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway, quick sequential organ failure score (qSOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the Shapiro criteria.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study performed in two metropolitan hospitals in NSW, consisting of adult patients (>18 years) with positive blood cultures containing a true pathogen and patients matched by age without positive blood cultures. Performance (sensitivity, specificity, and mortality prediction) of recognised sepsis and bacteraemia criteria and pathways - qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway in the first 4 hours following ED triage was assessed.
Results
There were 251 patients in each cohort. Sepsis-related mortality was higher in the bacteraemic group (OR 0.4, p=0.03). Of the criteria studied, the modified Shapiro criteria had the highest sensitivity (88%) with modest specificity (37.85%), and qSOFA had the highest specificity (83.67%) with poor sensitivity (19.82%). SIRS had reasonable sensitivity (82.07%), with poor sensitivity (20.72%). The CEC SEPSIS pathway sensitivity of 70.1% and specificity of 71.1%. The SEPSIS KILLS was activated on only 14% of bacteraemic patients.
Conclusion
The performance of all scoring systems and pathways was suboptimal in the identification of patients at risk of bacteraemia presenting to the emergency department.
Navigating the role of clinician-researcher: Insights from a Constructivist Grounded Theory study in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Kivunja Stephen , Pryor Julie , River Jo , Gullick Janice 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Using the case of traumatic brain injury, this paper explores 1) challenges to academic and ethical integrity when in the role of clinician-researcher, and 2) potential strategies to enhance ethical qualitative research involving people with possible physical and/or emotional trauma and temporary or permanent cognitive disruption. When undertaking qualitative research with patients, families, and/ or health professionals, a researcher’s clinical background may stimulate insightful and relevant research questions, interviews, and/or field observations of care to inform meaningful and translatable practice improvements. However, there may be tension between clinician versus researcher values, and these priorities affect what the clinician sees and interprets in the field. A clinician’s ingrained values and professional socialisation can make it difficult to hold their professional assumptions about various phenomena at bay. The principles of human research merit and integrity, justice, beneficence, and respect, along with methodological clarity, can provide a rigorous foundation for discussion of ethical research in traumatic brain injury.
This paper discusses challenges and strategies through: 1) examining clinical assumptions; 2) determining capacity for consent; 3) considering dependent or unequal power relationships; 4) determining the scope for field observations; 5) responding to unprofessional practice; 6) discriminating between research interviews and clinical conversations; and 7) critically reflecting on research data. Implications for clinical research are evident: seeing past one’s own construct of understanding is challenging for clinician-researchers aiming to illuminate both patient and family experiences of care, and nuanced clinical skills. Careful ethical and methodological planning can protect participants while illuminating elements of specialist practice.
Comparing the effect of tailwater replenishment at different time intervals on eutrophic surface freshwater: a mesocosm simulation study
Authors: Tang Haibin , Dai Yanran , Fan Yaocheng , Cun Deshou , Song Xiaoyong , Wang Feihua , Liang Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Tailwater is becoming the main water source supplied to surface freshwater worldwide. However, few studies have compared the effect of tailwater replenishment at different time intervals on eutrophic surface freshwater. In this study, we investigated the changes of water quality, sediment, and submerged macrophytes in eutrophic water in an outdoor mesocosm in response to different tailwater replenishment time intervals [every 7 days (TW7), 14 days (TW14) and 28 days (TW28)]. An 84-day simulation experiment demonstrated that there were only significant differences in the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of the overlying water, with the lowest mean value occurring in TW28. Nevertheless, the sediment TN was lowest in TW7 with a denitrification rate of 102.9 μmol/m2/h. Tailwater replenishment also increased the nitrogen content and total biomass of Vallisneria spiralis, and TW7 had the highest total biomass of 20.19 g. Additionally, tailwater replenishment also affected plant enzyme activity, causing an increase in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, coupled with a decrease in malondialdehyde concentration in leaves. Overall, TW28 can be adopted as a tailwater replenishment strategy to ensure water quality, whereas TW7 can be applied without a strict water quality requirement for TN.
Sustainable robust green synthesis of nanoparticles from waste aquatic plants and its application in environmental remediation
Authors: Balasubramanian Uma Maheswari , Vaiyazhipalayam Murugaiyan Sivakumar , Marimuthu Thirumarimurugan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles using natural materials is an emerging technique that fascinates the scientific community globally for the treatment of wastewater. In the present study, aquatic plants such as Piaropus crassipes (PC) and Lemna gibba (LG), were utilized to make low-cost nanoparticles, and its feasibility for the removal of Zn(II) ions was studied. The synthesized nano adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and zeta potential analysis. The optimal conditions were evaluated by batch adsorption studies, to investigate the parameters such as pH (2–7), adsorbent dosage (0.5–5 g/L), initial concentration (20–60 mg/L), and contact time (10–120 min) etc. The isotherm, and kinetic data results fit well with Langmuir, and pseudo-second order models. The anticipated monolayer adsorption capacity with respect to the PC, and LG was found to be 42.41 mg/g and 27.65 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the process is exothermic. The adsorption mechanism of PC/LG on Zn(II) exhibited surface complexation, ion exchange, and diffusion. Desorption studies were performed to analyze the recovery potential of Zn(II) ion. Hence, this article investigates the economic synthesis of green nanoparticles, and their potential utilization in heavy metal remediation.
Purification and Characterization of Thermostable α-Amylase from Soil Bacterium Bacillus sp.
Authors: Enez Barış 
Published: October 2021

Background:Amylases are used in several industrial and biotechnological sectors, including those producing textiles, detergents, paper and bakery products.Objective:This study aimed to purify an industrially important α-amylase from Bacillus sp. For this purpose, a single and rapid α-amylase purification was performed using the starch affinity method.Methods:Characterization of the purified enzyme was determined by investigating temperature, pH stability, detergents, and metal ions.Results:The purification coefficient of 29.8-fold with a yield of 9.2% was found. The molecular weight of the purified α-amylase was determined to be 53 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and thermostability was confirmed with 100% activity at 30ºC and 40ºC after 1 h. The purified enzyme was stable over a wide range of pH values, with optimum activity at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 after 2 h. The study also investigated the effects of the metal ions and detergents on the purified amylase and found that Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions were the activators of the enzyme, while Zn2+, Co2+ and Na+ ions decreased the activity. Furthermore, Hg2+ indicated complete inhibition of amylase activity. The detergents Triton X-100 and Tween 20 increased the α-amylase activity, while sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibited the activity.Conclusion:The purified α-amylase obtained from Bacillus sp. is considered to be environmentally friendly, can be processed in a short time, and has a low cost.
The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Sánchez Manuel Lisardo , Coveñas Rafael 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in
cancer has increased in the last few years. In tumor cells, the overexpression of peptides
and their receptors is known, and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have
been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated
with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk, and
worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of
the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting
this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR), and the involvement
of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver,
and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and B-cell leukemia will be
mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research
lines to be developed in the future will be suggested, such as molecules regulating
the expression of the NT precursor, the influence of the diet in the development of tumors,
molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT, and antitumor therapeutic strategies
targeting the neurotensinergic system.

Conclusion:
NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration,
angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these
effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target, and the administration
of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat
tumors overexpressing NTR.
A Systematic Review of Potential Immunotherapies Targeting
PRAME in Retinoid Resistant Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
and Oral Cancer
Authors: Dwivedi Ruby , Mehrotra Divya , Chandra Shaleen , Pandey Rahul 
Published: October 2021

Backgound and Objective:
Early chemoprevention in Oral Potentially Malignant
Disorders (OPMDs) and Oral Cancer (OC) has been extensively researched in order to
mitigate the malignant transformation and progression of the lesion. Many agents have been
attempted, but their cost inefficacy and inadequate outcomes posed a major hindrance in
their successful adoption. Retinoid Based Therapy (RBT) though a cheap and effective
treatment option, could not achieve much clinical usage because of variable responsiveness
in clinical outcomes. Such clinical response variability may be attributed to the repression of
retinoid receptors by Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma (PRAME) protein
molecule. Therefore, in order to make RBT successful, targeting PRAME by various
immunotherapies is an exciting area of research investigation. This review provides an insight
into the various immunotherapeutic strategies targeting PRAME and their usefulness in
retinoid-resistant OPMD and OC.

Method of data collection:
An exhaustive internet-based literature search following PRISMA
(Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was
carried out in PUBMED and Google SCHOLAR database using terms ‘Anti-PRAME’ OR
‘PRAME Immunotherapy’ OR ‘PRAME Vaccines’ AND ‘Cancer’ AND ‘Retinoid resistance’.
Only articles in the English language with at least 1 citation, published in a journal with impact
factor ≥ 1, having relevance to the context and availability of full text were considered.

Results:
After an initial search, 342 articles were yielded on the basis of inclusion criteria
and, by reading the abstract and availability of full text, a total of 124 articles were selected.
Further reading the full texts and considering articles from the references of the selected
articles, a total of 65 articles were finally included in the review.

Conclusion:
Our analysis of the literature suggests that PRAME screening in OC and
OPMDs prior to RBT should be done. In PRAME positive cases, approaches like PRAME
based immunotherapy in the form of Cancer vaccine therapy [Acellular PRAME vaccine,
PRAME pulsed Dendritic Cells (DC)]; Adoptive T Cell therapy/T Cell Receptor-T Cell therapy,
Antibody therapy/Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell therapy along with Presented antigen
modulation Therapies employing histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylation agents
seem plausible. In the future, a combination therapy employing either PRAME vaccines or
antibodies or Adoptive T cell Therapy and ATRA could be used in retinoid resistant OC and
OPMDs.
Does the Interaction of KIR and HLA Affect the Development of
Non-Infectious Uveitis?
Authors: Nakamura Jutaro , Takeuchi Masaki , Ota Masao , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Ohno Shigeaki 
Published: October 2021

:
Immune tolerance is established in the eye to prevent permanent blindness
associated with destructive damage to the cornea and retina caused by immune cell
infiltration; hence, the immune responses and subsequent inflammations are strongly
suppressed. While non-infectious uveitis develops from a disruption of immune tolerance
in the eye, its onset is a result of accumulating etiologic factors, including genetic
predisposition, environmental factors, and aging. Many non-infectious uveitis cases are
genetically predisposed to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as the most substantial
disease susceptibility region. HLA class I molecules are critical for natural killer (NK)
cells to distinguish between self and non-self. The killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family
is one of the essential components of these receptors. Evidence has accumulated that
NK cells are involved in innate and acquired immunity by interacting with other
immunocompetent cells to develop several autoimmune diseases. This review
summarizes the possible role of KIR in the development of non-infectious uveitis.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; is it Still Relevant?
Authors: Ofoegbu Chima K.P. , Manganyi Rodgers M. 
Published: October 2021

:
Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCAB) experienced a resurgence in the
1980s -2000s and developed steadily with improvement of the instrumentation and techniques.
However questions about graft patency and long-term survival of OPCAB patients still exist. This
review attempts to explore the current relevance of OPCAB.
COVID-19 Vaccinations: Summary Guidance for Cancer Patients in 28
Languages: Breaking Barriers to Cancer Patient Information
Authors: Mauri Davide , Kamposioras Konstantinos , Tsali Lampriani , Dambrosio Mario , De Bari Berardino , Hindi Nadia , Salembier Carl , Nixon Joanna , Dimitrios Tzachanis , Alongi Flippo , Hameed Hassan , Valachis Antonios , Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Corradini Stefanie , Popovic Lazar , Kopecky Jindrich , Rodriguez Andres , Antunac Katarina , Yi Junlin , Lovey Jozsef , Strojan Primoz , Saraireh Haytham , Røtterud Ranveig , Chojnacka Marzanna , Olalla Santa Cruz , Chilingirova Natalia , De Mello Ramon Andrade , Amaral Giovanna Araujo , Arbabi Farsid , Vidra Radu , Rapushi Erjeta , Takeuchi Dan , Christopoulos Chirstos , Ivanova Irina , Djan Igor , Petricevic Branka , Cellini Francesco , Mihaylova Iglika , Plavetic Natalija Dedic , Kuhar Cvetka Grašič , Takeuchi Elena , Kountourakis Pantelis , Ntellas Panagiotis , Gazouli Ioanna , Gkoura Stefania , Yuce Salih , ER Özlem , Yasmina Chait , Kumaran Gireesh , Spahiu Orges , Yusuf Aasim , Gono Paulina , Apostolidis Kathi , Tolia Maria 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Covid-19 vaccination has started in the majority of the countries at the
global level. Cancer patients are at high risk for infection, serious illness, and death from
COVID-19 and need vaccination guidance and support.
Guidance availability in the English language only is a major limit for recommendations’ delivery
and their application in the world’s population and generates information inequalities across the different
populations.

Methods:
Most of the available COVID-19 vaccination guidance for cancer patients was screened
and scrutinized by the European Cancer Patients Coalition (ECPC) and an international oncology
panel of 52 physicians from 33 countries.

Results:
A summary guidance was developed and provided in 28 languages in order to reach more
than 70 percent of the global population.

Conclusion:
Language barrier and e-guidance availability in the native language are the most important
barriers when communicating with patients. E-guidance availability in various native languages
should be considered a major priority by international medical and health organizations that
are communicating with patients at the global level.