bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Makes High‐Entropy Alloys Exceptional Electrocatalysts?
Authors: Löffler Tobias , Ludwig Alfred , Rossmeisl Jan , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe formation of a vast number of different multielement active sites in compositionally complex solid solution materials, often more generally termed high‐entropy alloys, offers new and unique concepts in catalyst design, which mitigate existing limitations and change the view on structure–activity relations. We discuss these concepts by summarising the currently existing fundamental knowledge and critically assess the chances and limitations of this material class, also highlighting design strategies. A roadmap is proposed, illustrating which of the characteristic concepts could be exploited using which strategy, and which breakthroughs might be possible to guide future research in this highly promising material class for (electro)catalysis.
Radical 1,4/5‐Amino Shift Enables Access to Fluoroalkyl‐Containing Primary β(γ)‐Aminoketones under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Wei Dian , Liu Tuming , He Yiheng , Wei Bangyi , Pan Jiahao , Zhang Jianwu , Jiao Ning , Han Bing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA novel radical 1,4/5‐amino shift from the oxygen center of alkene‐tethered diphenyl ketoxime ethers to the carbon center to achieve high value‐added fluoroalkyl‐containing primary β(γ)‐amino‐ketones is reported. Mechanism studies reveal that the migration is triggered by the alkene addition of fluoroalkyl radical derived from the electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex of Togni's reagent II or fluoroalkyl iodides and quinuclidine, and involves a unique 5(6)‐exo‐trig cyclization of the carbon‐centered radical onto the N‐atom of ketoxime ethers followed by a cascade sequence of N−O bond cleavage and dehydrogenation. Notably, besides Togni's reagent II and fluoroalkyl iodides, this protocol is also compatible with other radical precursors to provide various functionalized primary aminoketones.
Hydroboration of Terminal Alkenes and trans‐1,2‐Diboration of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Manganese(I) Alkyl Complex
Authors: Weber Stefan , Zobernig Daniel , Stöger Berthold , Veiros Luis F. , Kirchner Karl 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA MnI‐catalyzed hydroboration of terminal alkenes and a 1,2‐diboration of terminal alkynes with pinacolborane (HBPin) is described. For alkenes, anti‐Markovnikov hydroboration takes place; for alkynes the reaction proceeds with excellent trans‐1,2‐selectivity. The most active pre‐catalyst is bench‐stable alkyl bisphosphine MnI complex fac‐[Mn(dippe)(CO)3(CH2CH2CH3)]. The catalytic process is initiated by migratory insertion of a CO ligand into the Mn–alkyl bond to yield an acyl intermediate, which undergoes B−H bond cleavage of HBPin (for alkenes) and rapid C−H bond cleavage (for alkynes), forming the active MnI boryl and acetylide catalysts [Mn(dippe)(CO)2(BPin)] and [Mn(dippe)(CO)2(C≡CR)], respectively. A broad variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes and alkynes was efficiently and selectively borylated. Mechanistic insights are provided based on experimental data and DFT calculations revealing that an acceptorless reaction is operating involving dihydrogen release.
Engineered Cell‐Penetrating Peptides for Mitochondrion‐Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xiao Qicai , Dong Xiao , Yang Fen , Zhou Shizhe , Xiang Menghua , Lou Liang , Yao Shao Q. , Gao Liqian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMitochondrion is a promising target in cancer therapy. However, gaining access to this organelle is difficult due to the obstacles to cross the complicated mitochondrial membrane. Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) with mitochondrion‐targeting ability, named mitochondrion‐targeting peptides (MTPs), are efficient tools to deliver exogenous therapeutics into mitochondria. Herein, we report several new MTPs, which can be readily synthesized via resin‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis. In particular, MTP3 (compound 5), consisting of three positively charged arginines and two D‐ and L‐ alternating naphthylalanines, demonstrated excellent mitochondrion‐targeting ability with high Pearson's correlation coefficient, suggesting that MTP3 has good potential for mitochondrion‐targeted drug delivery. As proof‐of‐concept, the feasibility of MTP3 was validated by the preparation of a mitochondrion‐targeting prodrug (compound 17, doxorubicin‐based prodrug). This prodrug was subsequently confirmed to be specifically transported to the mitochondria of tumor cells, where it was able to release the native doxorubicin upon intracellular GSH activation, leading to mitochondrial depolarization and eventually cell death. Importantly, compound 17 showed good cytotoxicity against human tumor cells while negligible toxicity towards normal cells, indicating its potential as a potent mitochondrial medicine for targeted cancer therapy. Our study thus opens a way for engineered CPPs to be used to deliver bioactive cargos in mitochondrion‐targeted cancer therapy.
Investigation of Phase Transition from Critical Nucleus to Bi2Te3 Nanoplate Based on Screw Dislocation‐Driven Spiral Growth by Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Yamazaki Hideo , Eguchi Rikuo , Takashiri Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo‐dimensional bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanoplates have great potential for thermoelectrics and topological insulators. The material performance increases as the nanoplate size decreases. However, the initial stage of the crystal growth of the nanoplates has not been significantly investigated. The Bi2Te3 nanoplates are prepared by solvothermal synthesis and the phase transition based on the screw dislocation‐driven spiral growth of the nanoplates is investigated. The optimal synthesis conditions are first determined by controlling the Te concentration in the precursor solution. The spiral‐grown nanoplates are collected from the synthesized products. The diameter of the critical nucleus is calculated to be in the range of 5.0–7.2 nm from the step width in the spiral. Subsequently, the solvothermal synthesis is implemented by changing the synthesis time from 15 to 1200 min under the optimal conditions of the precursor solution. Crystals are not grown in the solution at 15 min. At 25 min, an intermediate phase of Bi2TeO5 with an approximate grain size of 5.0 nm is formed, which corresponds to the calculated diameter of the critical nucleus. Another intermediate phase of Te is formed, and the Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a lateral size of 300 nm grow slowly at the expense of Bi2TeO5 and Te.
Protective function of interleukin‐22 in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Gu Peiyu , Wang Dandan , Zhang Ji , Wang Xin , Chen Zhiyong , Gu Lina , Liu Mengying , Meng Fanqing , Yang Jun , Cai Hourong , Xiao Yonglong , Chen Yin , Cao Mengshu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive scarring disease with unknown etiology. The evidence of a pathogenic role for transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) in the development and progression of IPF is overwhelming. In the present study, we investigated the role of interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) in the pathogenesis of IPF by regulating the TGF‐β pathway. We measured parameters and tissue samples from a clinical cohort of IPF. IL‐22R knock out (IL‐22RA1−/−) and IL‐22 supplementation mouse models were used to determine if IL‐22 is protective in vivo. For the mechanistic study, we tested A549, primary mouse type II alveolar epithelial cell, human embryonic lung fibroblast, and primary fibroblast for their responses to IL‐22 and/or TGF‐β1. In a clinical cohort, the expression level of IL‐22 in the peripheral blood and lung tissues of IPF patients was lower than healthy controls, and the lower IL‐22 expression was associated with poorer pulmonary function. IL‐22R−/− mice demonstrated exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis. Reciprocally, IL‐22 augmentation by intranasal instillation of recombinant IL‐22 repressed inflammation and fibrotic phenotype. In vitro, IL‐22 treatment repressed TGF‐β1 induced gene markers representing epithelial‐mesenchymal‐transition and fibroblast‐myofibroblast‐transition, likely via the inhibition of TGF‐β receptor expression and subsequent Smad2/3 activation. IL‐22 appears to be protective against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF‐β1 signaling, and IL‐22 augmentation may be a promising approach to treat IPF.
Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis
Authors: Mannino Giuliana , Russo Cristina , Maugeri Grazia , Musumeci Giuseppe , Vicario Nunzio , Tibullo Daniele , Giuffrida Rosario , Parenti Rosalba , Lo Furno Debora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
Corticosteroids for COVID‐19 symptoms and quality of life at 1 year from admission
Authors: Catalán Ignacio Pérez , Martí Celia Roig , Sota Daniela Palomo de la , Álvarez Alejandro Cardenal , Gimeno Maria José Esteve , Juana Sergio Fabra , Rodríguez Germán Herrero , Bajo Elena Domínguez , Gaya Nuria Tornador , Blasco Jorge Usó , Rincón Jose Manuel Ramos 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe long‐term evolution of COVID‐19 is unknown, making it necessary to study the persistence of symptoms over time and their impact on quality of life in people who have had the disease. We analyzed these aspects 1 year after admission for COVID‐19 and explored the influence of treatment with systemic corticosteroids during the acute phase of the illness. This observational cohort study took place in a tertiary hospital in March and April 2021 and included people admitted due to infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 in March, April, or May 2020. We excluded patients who had died, were unreachable or had substantial cognitive impairment. A telephone survey was undertaken to assess the presence of symptoms related to COVID‐19 and to administer the SF‐36 quality of life questionnaire. Other variables collected were demographic and clinical data along with the treatment received and the evolution over time. We analyzed 76 patients, including 44 who did not receive corticosteroids and 32 who did. Most symptoms were less frequent in the group that received corticosteroids, with statistically significant differences for headache, dysphagia, chest pain, and depression. These patients also showed significantly better outcomes in the SF‐36 domains for “bodily pain” and “mental health.” Corticosteroids administered in the acute phase of COVID‐19 could attenuate the presence of long‐term symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.
Hyperactivation of MEK/ERK pathway by Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 promotes cellular proliferation by activating cyclin‐dependent kinases and minichromosome maintenance protein in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Najar Mohd. A. , Aravind Anjana , Dagamajalu Shobha , Sidransky David , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T. , Gowda Harsha , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Modi Prashant K. , Chatterjee Aditi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough CAMKK2 is overexpressed in several cancers, its role and relevant downstream signaling pathways in gastric cancer (GC) are poorly understood. Treatment of AGS GC cells with a CAMKK2 inhibitor, STO‐609, resulted in decreased cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, colony‐forming ability, and G1/S‐phase arrest. Quantitative phosphoproteomics in AGS cells with the CAMKK2 inhibitor led to the identification of 9603 unique phosphosites mapping to 3120 proteins. We observed decreased phosphorylation of 1101 phosphopeptides (1.5‐fold) corresponding to 752 proteins upon CAMKK2 inhibition. Bioinformatics analysis of hypo‐phosphorylated proteins revealed enrichment of MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling. Kinase enrichment analysis of hypo‐phosphorylated proteins using the X2K Web tool identified ERK1, cyclin‐dependant kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK2 as downstream substrates of CAMKK2. Moreover, inhibition of CAMKK2 and MEK1 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of ERK1, CDK1, MCM2, and MCM3. Immunofluorescence results were in concordance with our mass spectroscopy data and Western blot analysis results. Taken together, our data reveal the essential role of CAMKK2 in the pathobiology of GC through the activation of the MEK/ERK1 signaling cascade.
The value of primary transcripts to the clinical and non‐clinical genomics community: Survey results and roadmap for improvements
Authors: Morales Joannella , McMahon Aoife C. , Loveland Jane , Perry Emily , Frankish Adam , Hunt Sarah , Armean Irina M. , Flicek Paul , Cunningham Fiona 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundVariant interpretation is dependent on transcript annotation and remains time consuming and challenging. There are major obstacles for historical data reuse and for interpretation of new variants. First, both RefSeq and Ensembl/GENCODE produce transcript sets in common use, but there is currently no easy way to translate between the two. Second, the resources often used for variant interpretation (e.g. ClinVar, gnomAD, UniProt) do not use the same transcript set, nor default transcript or protein sequence.MethodEnsembl ran a survey in 2018 to sample attitudes to choosing one default transcript per locus, and to gather data on reference sequences used by the scientific community. This was publicised on the Ensembl and UCSC genome browsers, by email and on social media.ResultsThe survey had 788 responses from 32 different countries, the results of which we report here.ConclusionsWe present our roadmap to create an effective default set of transcripts for resources, and for reporting interpretation of clinical variants.
Global EPD regulation of uncertain nonlinear systems without global normal forms
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Guo Lei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article considers the global regulation problem for a class of non‐affine nonlinear uncertain systems. We will investigate the extended proportional‐derivative (EPD) controller together with its parameters design. The EPD controller is the natural extension of the classical PD control, which adjusts the input signal by using the regulation error together with its derivatives only. We will show that under some suitable conditions on nonlinearity and uncertainty of the systems, the regulation error of the closed‐loop system will converge to 0 exponentially, provided that the EPD controller parameters are chosen from an n‐dimensional unbounded set constructed in the article. In contrast to most of the existing literature on controller design of nonlinear systems, we do not require such special system structures as normal or triangular forms. We will also give an example where the regulation problem is solvable globally by the classical PD control, while the controlled system cannot be transformed into the nonlinear normal form globally.
P‐5.1: Research on the color shift mechanism model of TDDI product ESD test center
Authors: Sun Le , zhang Zhen , Hou Jingwei , Wang Xiaojie , Zhao Xin , Tang Wulijibaier , Xie Jianyun 
Published: August 2021

As customers pursue the ultimate pursuit of the display effect of the screen (Panel), display panel manufacturers have increasingly higher requirements for the anti‐static (ESD) of the screen. In the process of testing the ESD performance of the screen, when a large amount of static electricity accumulates on the surface of the Panel, it will usually affect the deflection of the liquid crystal (LC), and the abnormal phenomenon of black and purple appears. This phenomenon is collectively called ESD color shift.At present, the most effective way to improve the color shift of ESD in the industry is to plate a high‐resistance film (ATO) on the surface of the display panel (Cell), that is, to plate a conductive layer with low resistance on the surface of the CF(Color Film). This conductive layer passes through the Ag on the TFT. The paste point leads to static electricity; however, due to the high cost of ATO, the production cost ofpanel manufacturers has increased significantly. On the premise of canceling the high‐resistance film, improving the ESD color shift of the screen has become a research hotspot in the industry.During the ESD test, the electrostatic gun hits the surface of the T‐LCM, and the static electricity will be transmitted down each layer of the T‐LCM. During this process, the static electricity can be exported through the conductive path designed on the T‐LCM. The conductive path cannot discharge static electricity in time, causing static electricity to reach the liquid crystal. The amount of charge reaching the liquid crystal directly determines whether the liquid crystal is deflected. If the static electricity reaching the liquid crystal is greater than the voltage at which the liquid crystal is deflected, the liquid crystal will be deflected, resulting in ESD color shift.Starting from the discussion of the ESD failure mechanism, this paper establishes an ESD color shift failure model; through the analysis of the product structure, each component in the product structure is regarded as an independent capacitor, and the chargedfilm layer (or Parts) quantify the impact of LC, obtain the key factors affecting ESD color shift through comparison, and provide certain guidance for subsequent product design and material selection. The improvement plan proposed in this article has been fully verified on our products, and the ESD color shift is effectively improved under the premise of canceling the high resistance film.
P‐12.15: An evaluation method of photo‐alignment PI for vehicle TFT‐LCD panel
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Zhang Jingsi , Zhang Xiaona , Wan Nianqing , Jiang Jinqiang , Tang Rong , Chen Xiangyu , Song Di 
Published: August 2021

As the increasing requirements of vehicle panel specifications, traditional PI materials can not meet the optical and yield requirements of vehicle panel, A new type of PI is urgently needed to improve the optical performance and yield of vehicle panel.Compared with the traditional rubbing PI material ,photo‐alignment PI material has the advantages like wide viewing angle, high contrast, less particles, less ESD and so on(Refer to table 1). In summary it can effectively improve the optical performance and yield of the panel.Through the analysis of PI material structure and the summary a large number of experimental data, we completed the PI type selection and input. Finally, a new type of PI material was selected and successfully put into the mass production of vehicle TFT‐LCD.
Trace Level Recognition of Sulfasalazine Electrooxidation Exploiting the Synergism of Carbon Nanotubes and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mane Suyash , Chatterjee Sanghamitra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe significance of sulfasalazine (SSZ) as a therapeutic agent has garnered paramount research interest in the design and fabrication of a viable sensor for the detection of SSZ. Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy for the sensitive determination of SSZ employing single walled carbon nanotubes decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles sensing platform for the first time. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the surface morphology of the developed sensor were investigated by exerting various analytical techniques. The optimization of operational parameters was effectuated. The developed sensor exhibited pronounced electrocatalytic activity for the electro oxidation of SSZ in the dynamic detection range of 25 nM–1.5 μM manifesting noteworthy high sensitivity and phenomenal low detection limit of 18.6 μA μM−1 and 1.6 nM respectively. Apparent specificity in the presence of interferents along with remarkable stability and reproducibility were attained by the sensor. The prominence of the developed methodology was emphasized by the determination of SSZ in pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed electrode was established by utilizing it effectually for the first time to quantify SSZ in serum sample of patients undergoing pharmacological treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Variables Influencing Differences in Sequence Conservation in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Harnqvist Simon Emanuel , Grace Cooper Alastair , Jeffares Daniel Charlton 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhich variables determine the constraints on gene sequence evolution is one of the most central questions in molecular evolution. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an important model organism, the variables influencing the rate of sequence evolution have yet to be determined. Previous studies in other single celled organisms have generally found gene expression levels to be most significant, with numerous other variables such as gene length and functional importance identified as having a smaller impact. Using publicly available data, we used partial least squares regression, principal components regression, and partial correlations to determine the variables most strongly associated with sequence evolution constraints. We identify centrality in the protein–protein interactions network, amino acid composition, and cellular location as the most important determinants of sequence conservation. However, each factor only explains a small amount of variance, and there are numerous variables having a significant or heterogeneous influence. Our models explain more than half of the variance in dN, raising the possibility that future refined models could quantify the role of stochastics in evolutionary rate variation.