bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crucial Factors for Lyα Transmission in the Reionizing Intergalactic Medium: Infall Motion, H ii Bubble Size, and Self-shielded Systems
Authors: Park 박 Hyunbae 현 배 , Jung Intae , Song Hyunmi , Ocvirk Pierre , Shapiro Paul R. , Dawoodbhoy Taha , Iliev Ilian T. , Ahn Kyungjin , Bianco Michele , Kim Hyo Jeong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Using the CoDa II simulation, we study the Lyα transmissivity of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during reionization. At z > 6, a typical galaxy without an active galactic nucleus fails to form a proximity zone around itself due to the overdensity of the surrounding IGM. The gravitational infall motion in the IGM makes the resonance absorption extend to the red side of Lyα, suppressing the transmission up to roughly the circular velocity of the galaxy. In some sight lines, an optically thin blob generated by a supernova in a neighboring galaxy results in a peak feature, which can be mistaken for a blue peak. Redward of the resonance absorption, the damping-wing opacity correlates with the global IGM neutral fraction and the UV magnitude of the source galaxy. Brighter galaxies tend to suffer lower opacity because they tend to reside in larger H ii regions, and the surrounding IGM transmits redder photons, which are less susceptible to attenuation, owing to stronger infall velocity. The H ii regions are highly nonspherical, causing both sight-line-to-sight-line and galaxy-to-galaxy variation in opacity. Also, self-shielded systems within H ii regions strongly attenuate the emission for certain sight lines. All these factors add to the transmissivity variation, requiring a large sample size to constrain the average transmission. The variation is largest for fainter galaxies at higher redshift. The 68% range of the transmissivity is similar to or greater than the median for galaxies with M
UV ≥ −21 at z ≥ 7, implying that more than a hundred galaxies would be needed to measure the transmission to 10% accuracy.
NICER Study of Pulsed Thermal X-Rays from Calvera: A Neutron Star Born in the Galactic Halo?
Authors: Mereghetti S. , Rigoselli M. , Taverna R. , Baldeschi L. , Crestan S. , Turolla R. , Zane S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Calvera (1RXS J141256.0+792204) is an isolated neutron star detected only through its thermal X-ray emission. Its location at high Galactic latitude (b = +37°) is unusual if Calvera is a relatively young pulsar, as suggested by its spin period (59 ms) and period derivative (3.2 × 10−15 s s−1). Using the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer, we obtained a phase-connected timing solution spanning four years, which allowed us to measure the second derivative of the frequency

ν

̈

=
−
2.5
×

10

−
23

Hz s−2 and to reveal timing noise consistent with that of normal radio pulsars. A magnetized hydrogen atmosphere model, covering the entire star surface, provides a good description of the phase-resolved spectra and energy-dependent pulsed fraction. However, we found that a temperature map more anisotropic than that produced by a dipole field is required, with a hotter zone concentrated toward the poles. By adding two small polar caps, we found that the surface effective temperature and that of the caps are ∼0.1 and ∼0.36 keV, respectively. The inferred distance is ∼3.3 kpc. We confirmed the presence of an absorption line at 0.7 keV associated with the emission from the whole star surface, difficult to interpret as a cyclotron feature and more likely originating from atomic transitions. We searched for pulsed γ-ray emission by folding seven years of Fermi-LAT data using the X-ray ephemeris, but no evidence for pulsations was found. Our results favor the hypothesis that Calvera is a normal rotation-powered pulsar, with the only peculiarity of being born at a large height above the Galactic disk.
Cold Molecular Gas in Merger Remnants. II. The Properties of Dense Molecular Gas
Authors: Ueda Junko , Iono Daisuke , Yun Min S. , Michiyama Tomonari , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Snell Ronald L. , Rosa-González Daniel , Saito Toshiki , Vega Olga , Yamashita Takuji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present the 3 mm wavelength spectra of 28 local galaxy merger remnants obtained with the Large Millimeter Telescope. Sixteen molecular lines from 14 different molecular species and isotopologues were identified, and 21 out of 28 sources were detected in one or more molecular lines. On average, the line ratios of the dense gas tracers, such as HCN (1–0) and HCO+(1–0), to 13CO (1–0) are 3–4 times higher in ultra/luminous infrared galaxies (U/LIRGs) than in non-LIRGs in our sample. These high line ratios could be explained by the deficiency of 13CO and high dense gas fractions suggested by high HCN (1–0)/12CO (1–0) ratios. We calculate the IR-to-HCN (1–0) luminosity ratio as a proxy of the dense gas star formation efficiency. There is no correlation between the IR/HCN ratio and the IR luminosity, while the IR/HCN ratio varies from source to source ((1.1–6.5) × 103
L
☉/(K km s−1 pc2)). Compared with the control sample, we find that the average IR/HCN ratio of the merger remnants is higher by a factor of 2–3 than those of the early/mid-stage mergers and nonmerging LIRGs, and it is comparable to that of the late-stage mergers. The IR-to-12CO (1–0) ratios show a similar trend to the IR/HCN ratios. These results suggest that star formation efficiency is enhanced by the merging process and maintained at high levels even after the final coalescence. The dynamical interactions and mergers could change the star formation mode and continue to impact the star formation properties of the gas in the postmerger phase.
Absolute Absorption Cross Section and Orientation of Dangling OH Bonds in Water Ice
Authors: Nagasawa Takumi , Sato Reo , Hasegawa Takeshi , Numadate Naoki , Shioya Nobutaka , Shimoaka Takafumi , Hasegawa Takeshi , Hama Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The absolute absorption cross section of dangling OH bonds in water ice, a free OH stretch mode by three-coordinated surface water molecules, is derived experimentally as 1.0 ± 0.2 × 10−18 cm2 at 3696 cm−1 for amorphous water at 90 K using infrared multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (IR–MAIRS). The integrated absorption cross section (band strength) of the dangling OH bond at 90 K (1.4 ± 0.3 × 10−17 cm molecule−1 at 3710–3680 cm−1) is found to be more than 1 order of magnitude smaller than those in bulk ice or liquid water. This indicates that a lack of hydrogen-bonding significantly decreases the band strength of dangling OH bonds. The present study also provides average molecular orientations of dangling OH bonds at 10 K and 90 K, because both the surface-parallel (in-plane) and surface-perpendicular (out-of-plane) vibration spectra of dangling OH bonds are quantitatively measured by IR–MAIRS. The intensity ratio of the dangling-OH peaks between in-plane to out-of-plane spectra shows the isotropic nature (random orientation) of the two- and three-coordinated dangling OH bonds in microporous amorphous water prepared at 10 K; however, the three-coordinated dangling OH bonds in nonporous amorphous water prepared at 90 K are dominantly located at the top ice surface and oriented perpendicular to it. These findings provide fundamental insights into the relationship between the structure and optical properties of ice surfaces, and aid quantitative understanding of the surface structure of interstellar ices and their laboratory analogs.
Evolutionary history of the two North African hedgehogs (Mammalia: Erinaceidae) Atelerix algirus and Paraechinus aethiopicus based on phylogeography and species distribution modelling
Authors: El-Farhati Haithem , Khaldi Mourad , Ribas Alexis , Hizem Mohamed Wassim , Nouira Saïd , Nicolas Violaine 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTwo species of hedgehogs are known to occur in northern part of Africa: the Algerian hedgehogAtelerix algirusand the Ethiopian hedgehogParaechinus aethiopicus. Within each species several subspecies were described based on morphometrical data and pelage coloration, but all these subspecies have enigmatic and unclear definitions. We investigated the phylogeographical history and taxonomy of these two species based on mitochondrial DNA data covering the entire geographical distribution ofA. algirusand the North African distribution ofP. aethiopicus. We also used climatic niche modelling to make inferences about their evolutionary history. Low genetic diversity was recovered in both species. While no phylogeographic pattern was found inP. aethiopicus, two haplogroups were identified withinA. algirus. This could be explained by the fact that continuous high or moderate climatic suitability occurred throughout most of the Saharan desert since the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) for the first species, while during the LGM there were several disconnected areas of high climatic suitability forA. algirus: one in South-West Morocco, one at the coastal Moroccan-Algerian border and one in Tunisia-coastal Libya. Our genetic results confirm thatA. algirusrecently colonized Spain, Balearic and Canary Islands, and that this colonization was probably mediated by humans. Suitable climatic conditions occurred throughout most of the Southern and Eastern Iberian Peninsula during the last 6,000 years which could have favored the spatial expansion of the Algerian hedgehog after its arrival in Europe. According to our molecular results subspecific recognition within North Africa is unwarranted for both species.
Le développement du e-sport : histoire de la compétition vidéoludique, définition du e-sport et approche psychologique du progamer
Authors: Saint Jevin Alexandre 
Published: December 2021

Objectif du travail Cet article aborde le développement de la pratique compétitive des jeux vidéo appelée e-sport , afin d'en comprendre les enjeux spécifiques pour la préparation mentale. Méthode Notre démarche confronte une approche historique du e-sport à une pratique clinique, en tant que psychologue intervenant auprès d’équipes de e-sport . Principaux résultats D’abord, nous proposons une approche historique du développement de la compétition vidéoludique devenant l’ e-sport à partir de la littérature (peu développée à ce jour), nous ayant permis de lister les caractéristiques principales de son histoire. Puis, à partir de ces caractéristiques, nous listons les traits propres au e-sport . Interprétation des résultats Nous confrontons ces résultats à notre expérience clinique, pour analyser les enjeux psychologiques essentiels de la prise en charge de joueurs professionnels.
Les Aventuriers de Zoom, chronique d'un groupe à vocation thérapeutique créé pendant le confinement
Authors: Martinez-Takegami Paula , Minari Marion 
Published: December 2021

Le confinement imposé en mars 2020 nous a poussés à réinventer une façon d’« accueillir » sans lieu les patients de l'hôpital de jour. Comment transposer des soins basés sur la psychanalyse et la psychothérapie institutionnelle quand la distance nous sépare ? Comment se saisir des outils numériques et informatiques pour tenter de maintenir une continuité des soins et des liens ? La création d'un groupe via la plateforme Zoom durant cette période confinée a été l'une des réponses apportées par l'équipe soignante, amenant son lot de questionnements éthiques et cliniques.
Influence of Perioperative Practice on Cognitive Function of Scrub Nurses: A Cross-Sequential Study
Authors: Yousefiazar Awat , Vafaeiardeh Simin , Nabavi Amanj , Ahmadzadeh Jamal 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The operating room is a sophisticated, dynamic environment, with advanced technology. The goal of our study is to evaluate the effect of peri-operative practice on the cognitive functions of scrub nurses.

Method:
This study included a total of 75 scrub nurses. The d2 Test of Attention was used for evaluation of cognitive function. The test was conducted with participants on three different working shifts.

Results:
A significant difference was found between overall mean values for total number of items processed, number of errors, total number of items processed minus number of errors, and concentration performance scores for the posttest compared with the pretest.

Conclusion:

Perioperative practice has a significantly positive effect on cognitive function of scrub nurses, although this positive effect has a downward trend with increasing age as well as increasing workload.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs.
2021;52(12):565–574.]
Strategies to Reduce Bias and Racism in Nursing Precepted Clinical Experiences
Authors: Johnson Ragan , Browning Kristine , DeClerk Leonie 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Nursing programs are tasked with ensuring diverse, equitable, and inclusive (DEI) learning environments for all student learners. With calls to diversify the nursing workforce, engaging nursing preceptors in program-wide DEI initiatives are crucial. Preceptors lacking commitment to DEI could result in poor patient-preceptor communication, tense learning environments, or biased evaluations of students.

Method:
Suggestions for successful strategies to include the preceptor in nursing program's antiracism initiatives are based on the current literature.

Results:
Best practices include providing antiracism training for preceptors, decreasing potential for bias in student evaluations, inquiring about observed racism in clinical sites, and equipping students to be upstanders for antiracism and DEI interventions.

Conclusion:

Dismantling racism and bias in nursing education requires a multilevel strategy. Nursing programs and nurse educators have a responsibility for ensuring a bias-free learning environment and should include the preceptor in antiracism strategic planning.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;60(12):697–702.]
Gender Differences in Coronary Profiles of Chronic Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: AlRashed Maraam , Rajan Rajesh , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Dashti Raja , Hussain Salman , Al Saber Ahmad , Brady Peter A , Al Zakwani Ibrahim , El Khouly Ibrahim 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a recently defined entity that necessitates evaluating individual clinical risk factors in this cohort.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate patients with CCS and examine their coronary profiles in order to delineate differences between genders.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 51 patients who met the criteria of CCS and have undergone both coronary angiography and CT coronary angiography. Analyses were conducted using univariate statistics.

Results:
The cohort consisted of mainly Kuwaiti nationals with an average age of 61 ± 10 years. Females consisted 41% of the cohort, were older by an average of 9 years (P = 0.001), and were overweight (67% vs. 44%). Males were more likely to be cigarette consumers (47% vs. 14%; P = 0.022). Females had more comorbidities such as hypertension (86% vs. 80%) and atrial fibrillation (24% vs. 10%), excluding stroke (0% vs. 3.3%), and coronary artery disease (71% vs. 83%). Males had an elevated level of creatinine (88 vs. 72 umol/L; P = 0.045). Other results were not significantly different between genders. Males were more likely to be prescribed aspirin upon admission (100% vs. 81%; P = 0.026), however, this difference decreased upon discharge (97% vs. 86%; P = 0.297). Recurrent ischemia (12%; n = 6) was the most common major outcome recorded.

Conclusions:
This study shows that females were more likely to be older than their male counterparts whereas males were more often on aspirin and more likely to be cigarette smokers. We found no significant differences in comorbidities, admission laboratory and imaging results, nor outcomes between genders.
Validation of a lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-COVID-19 among symptomatic and asymptomatic high-risk OBGYN patients in selected hospitals in Olongapo city and Zambales – A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Guiao Tosca Camille S. , Valdez Corazon R. , Aquino Louella P. , Rivera Daisy Grace Z. , Valenzuela Madonna M. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION:
As the world face health-system shocks from COVID-19, Obstetrician-Gynecologists become perplexed by the uncertainties these bring to the vulnerable pregnant and gynecologic population. The country's capacity for diagnosis via RTPCR consists of only a tiny proportion of the population. With the intent of coming up with a less expensive fast point of care test kits, antibody-based lateral flow assays were developed.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
Determine the diagnostic accuracy of a lateral flow immunoassay for the detection IgM/IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV2 using RT-PCR as gold standard among symptomatic and asymptomatic high risk OBGYN population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a multicenter cross-sectional prospective study performed on 147 asymptomatic and symptomatic high risk OBGYN patients who underwent both RTPCR and RAT. Test results were entered using a two by two table to compute for the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive value (PPV/NPV), likelihood ratios (LR) comparing RT-PCR with IgM/IgG using Medcalc statistical software.

RESULTS:
The RAT for IgG/IgM was not found to be sensitive in both groups. It was able to identify only one of the five patients who had COVID-19 based on RT-PCR. Moreover, the (PPV) was found to be only 20% since only one patient tested positive in the RAT for IgM/IgG that was also positive in the RT-PCR. The (LR+ and LR-) for the symptomatic group was close to 1 implying a slightly higher probability of a true positive compared to that of a false positive test and a negative test result given the absence of the disease respectively. (Sp) and (NPV) of the RAT for IgM/IgG is high for both groups. This means that RAT for IgM/IgG does well in identifying patients who truly do not have COVID-19.

CONCLUSION:
With a very low sensitivity of 5% in this study, RAT for COVID-19 cannot be used for screening purposes.
Cognitive Outcomes at 18 Months: Findings from the Early Life Interventions for Childhood Growth and Development in Tanzania (ELICIT) Trial
Authors: Parpia Tarina , Svensen Erling , Elwood Sarah , Wanjuhi Anne , Blacy Ladislaus , Bayo Eliwaza , Houpt Eric , Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth , DeBoer Mark , Platts-Mills James , Mduma Estomih , Scharf Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT.
Micronutrient deficiencies and enteric infections negatively impact child growth and development. We enrolled children shortly after birth in a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial interventional trial in Haydom, Tanzania, to assess nicotinamide and/or antimicrobials (azithromycin and nitazoxanide) effect on length at 18 months of age. Cognitive score at 18 months using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT), which includes gross motor, fine motor, language, and social assessments, was a secondary outcome. Here, we present the MDAT results of 1,032 children. There was no effect of nicotinamide (change in development-for-age Z score [DAZ] −0.08; 95% CI: −0.16, 0) or antimicrobials (change in DAZ 0.04; 95% CI: −0.06, 0.13) on overall MDAT score. The interventions had no effect on cognitive outcomes in subgroups defined by gender, socioeconomic status, birthweight, and birth season or on MDAT subscores. Further analyses are needed to identify targetable risk factors for impaired cognitive development in these settings.
ÇOCUK İSTİHDAMINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: ERİŞ DERELİ Bilge 
Published: December 2021

Çocuk istihdamı çocuk bireyin bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal ve sosyal gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilemesi açısından oldukça önemli bir sorundur. Aynı zamanda çocuk işgücünün uzun vadede hem bireysel hem de ulusal boyutta yarattığı maliyetler oldukça yüksektir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından yayınlanan, en güncel veri olan 2019 yılı Çocuk İşgücü Araştırması mikro veri seti kullanılmış ve çocuk bireylerin istihdamda yer almalarını etkileyen faktörler incelenmiştir.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de çalışmakta olan çocuk bireylerin çalışma kararlarını etkileyen faktörleri analiz etmektir.
Metodoloji: Çalışmada en küçük kareler (EKK) yöntemi ve ikili cevap değişkeni temelinde lojistik regresyon modeli, tamamlayıcı log-log regresyon modeli ve cezalı en çok olabilirlik lojistik regresyon modeli kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın bulgularına göre kız çocuk bireylerin çalışma olasılığı erkek çocuk bireylere göre daha düşüktür. Aynı zamanda çocuk bireyin eğitimine devam etmesi, anne ve babanın eğitim seviyesinin artması ve anne ve babanın işgücü dışında olmaya göre istihdamda olması; çocuk bireyin istihdamda olma olasılığını düşüren faktörlerdir. Bu etkilerin yanı sıra, çocuk bireyin yaşının artması, anne ve babanın yaşının 35’ten yüksek olması ve anne ve babanın işgücü dışında olmaya göre işsiz olması çocuk bireyin istihdamda olma olasılığını artıran faktörlerdir. “Çocuk bireylerin istihdamda yer almalarını etkileyen en önemli faktörler nelerdir?” sorusu çerçevesinde tahmin edilen standartlaştırılmış beta katsayıları incelendiğinde, çocuk bireyin çalışma olasılığını en çok etkileyen faktörler arasında çocuk bireyin kendi demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra annenin eğitim seviyesi ve işgücü durumu değişkenlerinin yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu çarpıcı sonuç, çocuk işçiliği ile mücadelede kadınlar ile ilgili eğitim ve istihdam politikalarının da önemini gözler önüne sermektedir.
Özgünlük: Türkiye’de çocuk istihdamı ile ilgili mevcut en güncel veri setinin kullanılması, çocuk istihdamını etkileyen faktörlerin daha önce bu konu bağlamında yapılan çalışmalardan farklı yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edilmesi ve standartlaştırılmış beta katsayıları hesaplanarak çocuk istihdamını en çok etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi bu çalışmanın özgün yanları olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Patungan Wakaf Online
Authors: Putri Ekarizki Aryani Mandala , Garadian Endi Aulia 
Published: December 2021

Revolusi Industri 4.0 telah membawa praktek wakaf ke level yang jauh berbeda. Bila di masa Islam awal praktek tersebut dilakukan oleh individu yang relatif mampu secara finansial, sekarang siapapun dapat melakukannya dengan skema patungan. Dengan adanya platform crowdfunding digital siapa saja punya kesempatan untuk mewakafkan hartanya dalam skema patungan wakaf. Tulisan ini mengkaji bagaimana patungan wakaf online dipraktekkan di Indonesia. Selain itu, lewat pertanyaan model wakaf digital seperti apa yang mendorong orang-orang untuk melakukan wakaf, tulisan ini berargumen bahwa motivasi para wakif dalam mewakafkan hartanya lewat skema ini terletak pada bagaimana sebuah kampanye wakaf online dilakukan. Semakin meyakinkan sebuah kampanye dipresentasikan dengan kisah-kisah humanis dan punya potensi keberlanjutan yang besar, maka semakin tinggi kemungkinan sebuah kampanye wakaf online itu berhasil. Dengan menganalisa kampanye wakaf online di kitabisa.com, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa partisipasi digital masyarakat Indonesia dalam aktivitas filantropi turut mendorong iklim masyarakat sipil yang baik dalam konteks demokratisasi Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: patungan, wakaf, wakaf online, filantropi, revolusi industri 4.0.