bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID‐19 in a low‐prevalence, well resourced setting, Sydney, Australia
Authors: Shiel Emily , Miyakis Spiros , Tennant Elaine , Fernando Shelanah , Kizny‐Gordon Alice , Koh Bryant , Findlay Michael , Garnham Katherine , Pilli Shravya , Segboer Hayden , Tallon Jo , Kao Joanna , Miller Anne , Shore Tim , Maher Richard , Telford Mark , Barclay Kate , Harris Ben , Newcombe James , Hudson Bernie , Figtree Mel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Northern Sydney Local Health District was one of the first health regions to be affected by COVID‐19 in Australia.AimsTo describe the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes in our low‐prevalence Australian population.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 517 laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 cases between January and June 2020. Patient information was collected as part of routine care within the COVID‐19 Virtual Hospital system. Outcomes examined were death, recovery at 30 days and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.ResultsThe case fatality rate was 1.8%. Multivariate analysis showed factors independently associated with death, composite outcome of death/ICU admission or incomplete recovery at 30 days were age >80 years and presence of two or more comorbidities. Most cases acquired COVID‐19 through international (50.9%) or cruise ship travel (9.1%). Healthcare workers comprised 12.8% of the cohort and represented a disproportionately high percentage of the ‘unknown’ source group (27.6%). The median incubation period was 5 days (interquartile range 3–8); one patient had an incubation period of 15 days. Hospitalisation was required in 11.8%, ICU admission in 2.1% and ventilation in 1.4%. A Radiographic Assessment of Lung Oedema score on chest X‐ray of >10 was independently associated with death.ConclusionsIn this low prevalence, well resourced Australian setting, we report an overall low mortality. Factors associated with adverse patient outcomes on multivariate analysis were age greater than 80 and the presence of two or more comorbidities. These data can assist in early risk stratification of COVID‐19 patients, and in surge capacity planning for hospitals.
How and when organization identification promotes safety voice among healthcare professionals
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Casey Tristan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of organizational identification on safety voice behaviour, focusing on the mediating role of safety motivation and the moderating role of management commitment to safety and psychological safety.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional questionnaire and a convenience sampling method.MethodData were collected online during November 2019 from 165 staff members from a disability healthcare organization in Australia that employs over 800 staff. Nearly 80% of the study sample were healthcare workers without supervisory responsibilities, and the remainder were senior staff with some operational duties. Measures of organizational identification, safety motivation, perceived management commitment to safety, psychological safety and safety voice were collected. Data were analysed using a moderated mediation model available with the SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsFindings show that organizational identification interacted with management commitment to safety to predict safety motivation, such that only healthcare employees who identified with their organization and perceived that their management cares about safety would feel that safety was personally important to them. In turn, safety motivation predicted safety voice. However, the effect of safety motivation on safety voice was only significant when psychological safety was low.ConclusionThese findings offer initial evidence for the important role of organizational identification in prompting safety voice, how the relationship is contingent on management commitment to safety and psychological safety.ImpactHealthcare professionals' discretionary sharing of ideas and suggestions are crucial to organizational performance and both staff and patient safety. However, safety voice involves inherent social risks because speaking up might not always be perceived positively by co‐workers and leaders. We recommend that managers implement specific strategies to cultivate employee identification with the organization and demonstrate a genuine and visible commitment to safety so that employees will be motivated to raise safety concerns.
Entrepreneurship and nurse entrepreneurs lead the way to the development of nurses’ role and professional identity in clinical practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Jakobsen Lizette , Wacher Qvistgaard Laura , Trettin Bettina , Juel Rothmann Mette 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences and perspectives of nurses’ transition into entrepreneurship in a clinical and cultural nursing setting and the impact of entrepreneurship on the nurses’ role and professional identity.BackgroundEntrepreneurship is a relatively unknown phenomenon in international nursing research, and the prevalence of entrepreneurial nurses is only 0.5–1% of all working nurses globally. Unfortunately, several barriers occur within the healthcare system and existing nursing culture that may affect the potential of bringing entrepreneurship into the nursing profession.DesignThe qualitative study used a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach based on an interpretative phenomenological analysis and COREQ‐guided reporting.MethodsNine individual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted face to face (n = 6) and by telephone (n = 3) with Danish nurse entrepreneurs between February and March 2019.ResultsThe analysis revealed four themes: (a) prejudice towards entrepreneurship; (b) to become an entrepreneur in a nursing culture; (c) rebellion against the traditional role as employee and (d) challenged professional identity and new professional roles.ConclusionNurse entrepreneurs are caught between traditional and new ways of viewing nursing identity, norms, values and roles, and they face a conflict of professional values and a stereotyped view of ‘real’ nursing. Our findings show that entrepreneurship entails a huge learning process that develops nurses’ ability to think outside the box in a broader health perspective and challenge the existing nursing culture and role. However, nurse entrepreneurs’ ability to engage in entrepreneurship is compromised by professional values, the duty to behave as a good nurse and their own prejudices towards entrepreneurs.ImpactEntrepreneurship and nurse entrepreneurs pose a huge potential development of the nursing role and identity, as they challenge the current view on the nursing profession. This development is important for patients and health professionals, as future health challenges call for new ways of thinking and acting.
Advanced glycation end products induce endothelial hyperpermeability via β‐catenin phosphorylation and subsequent up‐regulation of ADAM10
Authors: Weng Jie , Chen Zhenfeng , Li Jieyu , He Qi , Chen Deshu , Yang Lin , Su Haiying , Huang Junlin , Yu Shengxiang , Huang Qiaobing , Xu Qiulin , Guo Xiaohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEndothelial hyperpermeability is the initial event in the development of diabetic microvascular complications, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are suggested to cause much of the endothelial hyperpermeability associated with diabetes mellitus, but the molecular mechanism remains to be characterized. β‐catenin reportedly plays dual functions in maintaining normal endothelial permeability by serving both as an adhesive component and a signal transduction component. Here, we found that AGEs induced the phosphorylation of β‐catenin at residues Y654 and Y142 and the endothelial hyperpermeability was reversed when the two residues were blocked. In mechanism, phosphorylation of Y654 was blocked by Src inactivation, whereas phosphorylation of Y142 was reduced by a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. β‐catenin Y654 phosphorylation induced by AGEs facilitated the dissociation of vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin/β‐catenin and the impairment of adherens junctions (AJs), whereas β‐catenin Y142 phosphorylation favoured the dissociation of β‐catenin and α‐catenin. Further investigation revealed that β‐catenin Y142 phosphorylation was required for AGEs‐mediated β‐catenin nuclear translocation, and this nuclear‐located β‐catenin subsequently activated the TCF/LEF pathway. This pathway promotes the transcription of the Wnt target, ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10), which mediates VE‐cadherin shedding and leads to further impairment of AJs. In summary, our study showed the role of β‐catenin Y654 and Y142 phosphorylation in AGEs‐mediated endothelial hyperpermeability through VE‐cadherin/β‐catenin/α‐catenin dissociation and up‐regulation of ADAM10, thereby advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AGEs‐induced microvascular hyperpermeability.
Efficacy of non‐hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on tooth whitening: An in vitro study
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Masouras Konstantinos , Lagouvardos Panagiotis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the tooth whitening efficacy of non‐hydrogen peroxide containing mouthrinses.MethodsForty incisors were randomly assigned into four groups. Four whitening mouthrinses, Oral‐B 3D White Luxe/Procter & Gamble (WL), Listerine Advanced White/Johnson & Johnson (AW), Colgate Max White/Colgate (MW), and iWhite Whitening Mouthwash/Sylphar (iW), were used over a four‐week period. Color changes of L*, a*, b*, ΔE*ab, and ΔE00, were recorded by a digital spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Micro/Mht), at baseline and intermediate week‐intervals. Data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA at α = 0.05.ResultsThe first‐week mean change of L* was 0.76 and significantly different from the baseline for all solutions, without any further changes. Correspondingly, a* decreased by −0.36, while b* increased by 0.48, contributing to a color change of 1.15 ΔE*ab or 0.91 ΔE00. No differences were found among the solutions in respect to color‐parameter changes (p > 0.05). Differences among time intervals were significant (p < 0.05) and mainly observed between the baseline and the following week‐measurements. There was no statistically significant time‐solution interaction (p > 0.05).ConclusionsNon‐hydrogen peroxide whitening mouthrinses, slightly contribute to tooth whitening, by removing superficial staining, without any further tooth bleaching effect.Clinical significanceNon‐hydrogen peroxide containing whitening mouthrinses, despite having a quick initial action, reach their ceiling relatively soon. Their effectiveness is barely perceptible and definitely inferior to other professional tooth bleaching methods. Thus, they can only be considered as a supplementary way of keeping teeth whiter, mainly by preventing recurrent tooth discoloration.
The Other's Tongue: Place, Perspective, and the Desire to Speak Portuguese among the People of the Xingu Indigenous Territory
Authors: Horta Amanda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article examines the frequently expressed desire among people of the Xingu Indigenous Territory living in the city of Canarana, Brazil, to learn Portuguese. It examines such statements of intent, which are typically presented as a reason for indigenous urban migration. I argue that the desire to learn Portuguese is itself in need of investigation, to which end I turn to two Upper‐Xinguan Carib myths and a conversation at the headquarters of the Xingu indigenous land association. The indigenous presence in urban spaces offers evidence of the ways in which place serves as a perspectival stabilizer for them, in a world where perspective determines the body's form and, by extension, ontology. Based on long‐term fieldwork and the application of a technique of ethnographic imagination, adapted from Strathern, the article demonstrates how modulation of the tongue is a means of preserving autonomy in relations with Whites and a survival strategy.
Testing the inhibitory cascade model in a recent human sample
Authors: Bermúdez de Castro José María , Modesto‐Mata Mario , García‐Campos Cecilia , Sarmiento Susana , Martín‐Francés Laura , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Martinón‐Torres María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Inhibitory Cascade Model was proposed by Kavanagh and colleagues (Nature, 449, 427–433 [2007]) after their experimental studies on the dental development of murine rodent species. These authors described an activator–inhibitor mechanism that has been employed to predict evolutionary size patterns of mammalian teeth, including hominins. In the present study, we measured the crown area of the three lower permanent molars (M1, M2, and M3) of a large recent modern human sample of male and female individuals from a collection preserved at the Institute of Anthropology of the University of Coimbra (Portugal). The main aim of the present study is to test if the size molar patterns observed in this human sample fits the Inhibitory Cascade Model. For this purpose, we first measured the crown area in those individuals preserving the complete molar series. Measurements were taken in photographs, using a planimeter and following well‐tested techniques used in previous works. We then plot the M3/M1 and M2/M1 size ratios. Our results show that the premise of the Inhibitory Cascade Model, according to which the average of the crown area of M2 is approximately one‐third of the sum of the crown area of the three molars, is fulfilled. However, our results also show that the individual values of a significant number of males and females are out of the 95% confidence interval predicted by the Inhibitory Cascade Model in rodents. As a result, the present analyses suggest that neither the sample of males, nor that of females, nor the pooled sample fits the Inhibitory Cascade Model. It is important to notice that, although this model has been successfully tested in a large number of current human populations, to the best of our knowledge this is the first study in which individual data have been obtained in a recent human population rather than using the average of the sample. Our results evince that, at the individual level, some factors not yet known could interfere with this model masking the modulation of the size on the molar series in modern humans. We suggest that the considerable delay in the onset of M3 formation in modern humans could be related to a weakening of the possible activation/inhibition process for this tooth. Finally, and in support of our conclusions, we have checked that the absolute and relative size of M1 and M2 is not related to the M3 agenesis in our sample. In line with other studies in primates, our results do not support the Inhibitory Cascade Model in a recent human sample. Further research is needed to better understand the genetic basis of this mechanism and its relationship to the phenotype. In this way, we may be able to find out which evolutionary changes may be responsible for the deviations observed in many species, including Homo sapiens.
A stereoscopic optical system for objective quantification of the change in cumulative acne scar depth following various treatment interventions
Authors: Salameh Fares , Shehadeh Waseem , Sprecher Eli , Artzi Ofir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCurrent approaches for assessment of acne scars are subjective, including counting scar subtypes, subjective self‐assessment, or scoring global acne scar severity.AimsWe aimed to validate accuracy and present initial data of a new, simple, non‐contact, high‐resolution 3D stereoscopic optical imaging system in the setting of acne scarring.Patients/methodsTen patients treated for acne scars in the dermo‐esthetic outpatient clinics in our institution from July to December 2019 were recruited from medical files and completed by telephone interview. Each patient was assessed by the 3D imaging system, the Qualitative Scarring Grading Score (QSGS), and the patient's questionnaire for Self‐assessment of Clinical Acne‐Related Scars (SCARS) before and 4 weeks after a single intervention.ResultsScar depth measured by the imaging system correlated significantly with the actual depth of printed surface depressions and the 3D optical imaging assessments. The changes in SCARS and 3D optical imaging assessments correlated significantly, but there were no correlations between changes in QSGS and 3D optical assessment measures, or between the QSGS and SCARS results.ConclusionThe new stereoscopic optical system is a reliable and practical objective method for assessing the cumulative depth of atrophic acne scars and monitoring treatment response. It is more sensitive, accurate, and informative than subjective scales.
Care and management of stillborn babies from the parents’ perspective: A phenomenological study
Authors: Sun Jui‐Chiung , Rei Wenmay , Chang Min‐Yu , Sheu Shuh‐Jen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo explore parents’ perspective on hospital's care and management of the remains of stillborn babies.BackgroundEach year, 2.6 million of pregnancies end as stillbirth. Recent literature began to understand parents’ traumatic experience in stillbirth and its profound impact on parents’ mental health and psychosocial effect. But there is limited understanding on the actual care and management of the stillborn baby, nor is there an agreement on how hospitals should care for the stillborn baby to mitigate parents’ profound loss.DesignA descriptive phenomenological approach was applied to conduct this study.MethodsA purposive sample of twenty couples (40 individuals) who had encountered how to care for the remains of their stillborn babies participated in the study. The data were collected through in‐depth interviews, which involved semi‐structured and open‐ended questions. The phenomenological methods of Giorgi were applied to analyse the data. The COREQ checklist was used preparing the manuscript.ResultsParents felt unprepared and lack of support when they had to handle their stillborn babies’ remains. The research results revealed two major themes: (1) Handling stillborn babies remain ignorantly; (2) Pacifying the disturbed soul on both sides.ConclusionsIt was found in the study that reflection and identification were the emerging themes, which can enable healthcare professionals to understand parents’ concerns in a meaningful way, as they deal with the remains of stillborn babies. Moreover, it is hoped that hospital administration and health care personnel should consider stillborn parents’ concerns and incorporate their needs into nursing assessment and treatment practices.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven stillbirth's profound implication for parents’ identity and psychosocial role, hospitals need to be more sensitive and proactive to parents’ cultural and religious needs when they care for stillborn baby and handle its body.
Withdrawn and Acting out?: Early Adolescents’ Social Avoidance and Externalizing Problems
Authors: Clifford Brandon Neil , Eggum Natalie D. , An Danming , Clifford Sierra , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: July 2021

Relative to other motivations of social withdrawal (i.e., shyness, unsociability), social avoidance is understudied. Furthermore, the relation between social avoidance and externalizing problems seldom has been investigated despite reasons to expect an association. We examined the association between social avoidance and externalizing problems using a sample of early adolescents in the United States using parents’ reports (N = 294; 54.1% boys; M age = 12.43 years). Supporting our hypotheses, structural equation models indicated that social avoidance positively predicted concurrent externalizing problems, controlling for shyness, unsociability, and internalizing problems (including depression and anxiety). Findings highlight that socially avoidant adolescents’ behaviors may include avoiding others as well as acting out. Longitudinal work is needed to examine the potential bidirectional relations between social avoidance and externalizing problems.
Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Coelachyrum, Dinebra, Eleusine, Leptochloa, Schoenefeldia, and a new genus, Schoenefeldiella (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Eleusininae)
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Herrera Arrieta Yolanda , Vorontsova Maria S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate the evolutionary relationships among species of Afrotrichloris, Apochiton, Coelachyrum, Dinebra, Eleusine, Leptochloa, and Schoenefeldia of subtribe Eleusininae, a phylogeny based on DNA sequences from nine gene regions (ITS, rps16‐trnK, rps3, rps16, rpoC2, rpl32‐trnL, ndhF, ndhA, ccsA) is presented. Previous molecular phylogenies indicated that Coelachyrum was polyphyletic and Schoenefeldia was paraphyletic, with Afrotrichloris embedded within it. Apochiton burttii was embedded in the Coelachyrum clade paired with C. longiglume, Coelachyrum poiflorum was placed outside of Coelachyrum and sister to Eleusine, and Schoenefeldia is paraphyletic, with its two species forming a grade sister to Afrotrichoris. Our molecular phylogeny supports recognition of a new genus, Schoenefeldiella, and a new combination, Schoenfeldiella transiens. In addition, we provide generic emendations for Coelachyrum, which now includes five species including a new combination proposed here, Coelachyrum burttii, and Eleusine, which now includes 11 species.
Pharmacokinetics of dipyrone in horses: A multi‐dose, dose escalation study
Authors: O'Banion Melinda Poole , Sundman Emily , Edmonds Matt , Davis Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDipyrone is a non‐opioid, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic properties commonly used in horses. Dipyrone is rapidly hydrolyzed to the primary active metabolite 4‐methylaminoantipyrine (4‐MAA). The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of 4‐MAA following repeated and escalating doses of intravenously administered dipyrone. Twenty‐six horses were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (one placebo group and four dipyrone groups [30 mg/kg q8h, 30 mg/kg q12h, 60 mg/kg q8h, and 90 mg/kg q12h]) and treated for nine consecutive days. Blood was collected at predetermined timepoints, and plasma was analyzed for 4‐MAA concentrations with a validated LC/MS/MS method. Following a single dose, there was a linear correlation to the maximum concentration (Cmax) achieved. There was a disproportionate increase in the minimum concentration (Cmin) of 4‐MAA with accumulation occurring at higher doses or more frequent dosing intervals. Significant differences were noted in 4‐MAA Cmax, half‐life, and area under the curve during the dosing interval (AUCtau) when dipyrone was administered at 30 mg/kg q12h versus q8h. Adverse effects attributed to drug administration were not noted.