bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Attributable Mortality of Sepsis for Acute Kidney Injury: A Propensity Score Matched Study
Authors: Jia Huimiao , Jiang Yijia , Zheng Xi , Li Wen , Wang Meiping , Xi Xiuming , Li Wenxiong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Both sepsis and AKI are diseases of major concern in intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to evaluate the excess mortality attributable to sepsis for acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods: A propensity score-matched analysis of a prospective cohort study about sepsis epidemiology in 18 Chinese ICUs (January 2014-August 2015) was performed (registration number: ChiCTR-ECH-13003934). Propensity score model was sequentially conducted to match AKI patients with and without sepsis on day 1, day 2, and day 3-5. The primary outcome was hospital death of AKI patients. Propensity score-matched analyses were conducted to estimate the excess mortality attributable to sepsis for AKI. Results: A total of 2008 AKI patients (40.9%) were eligible for the study. Of the 1010 AKI patients with sepsis, 619 (61.3%) were matched to 619 AKI patients in whom sepsis did not develop during the screening period of the study. The hospital mortality rate of matched AKI patients with sepsis was 205 of 619 (33.1%) compared with 150 of 619 (24.0%) for their matched AKI controls without sepsis (p = 0.001). The attributable mortality of total sepsis for AKI patients was 9.1% (95% CI 4.8-13.3%). Matched AKI patients with and without sepsis were subgrouped according to the severity of sepsis (sepsis, septic shock). Of the matched patients with sepsis, 328 (53.0%) diagnosed septic shock. The mortality rate showed remarkably higher in matched AKI patients with septic shock (43.9%) than their controls of patients without sepsis (27.7%). The attributable mortality of septic shock for AKI was 16.2% (95% CI 11.3-20.8%, p < 0.001). Further, the attributable mortality of sepsis for AKI was 1.4% (95% CI 4.1-5.9%, p = 0.825), although there was no significant difference of mortality rate observed between matched AKI patients with and without sepsis (21.0% vs. 19.6%).Conclusions: The attributable hospital mortality of total sepsis for AKI were 9.1%. Septic shock contributes to major excess mortality rate for AKI than sepsis.
Knowledge, Practice and Psychological Symptoms Among the Nepalese Medical Laboratory Staff: An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Study During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Satyal Deepa , Pandit Roshan , Basnet Til Bahadur , Khattri Sandeep , Mishra Shyam Kumar 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has spread globally causing a significant impact on the social and mental life of people across the world including frontline health care workers. The knowledge level, practice behaviour, and mental well-being of healthcare workers are the most important factors for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Nepal is a developing country lacking well-established health infrastructures and well-trained human resources to fight an outbreak. The continuous rise in the number of COVID-19 cases inside the country has left unanswered questions on the availability of health resources in Nepal. In this regard, we tried to assess the level of knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff working in Nepal.MethodsAn online survey using a pre-validated questionnaire was conducted in late January 2021 among medical laboratory staff across Nepal. A total of 301 completely filled responses were used to assess knowledge, practice, and psychological distress. Different statistical tests were used to evaluate differences among variables, and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 301 respondents, 180 (59.8%) were male and 121 (40.2%) were female. The average score of knowledge obtained in this study was 32.4 ± 5.7 on a 56-point scale. Knowledge level was significantly different among age-groups (p value – 0.034). The average practice score obtained was 2.25 ± 0.91 on a 4-point scale. More than one psychological distress symptom was observed in nearly half (41.5%) of the participants enrolled in the study; mood change behavior being the most common symptom. ConclusionWe concluded that medical laboratory staff in Nepal has satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice and, larger number of them had psychological distress during the pandemic. The study recommends improvement in an effective information flow system, regular training social security and psychological support to the medical laboratory staff inside the country.
Predicting Fault Slip via Transfer Learning
Authors: Wang Kun , Johnson Christopher , Bennett Kane , Johnson Paul 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Data-driven machine-learning for predicting instantaneous and future fault-slip in laboratory experiments has recently progressed markedly due to large training data sets. In Earth however, earthquake interevent times range from 10's-100's of years and geophysical data typically exist for only a portion of an earthquake cycle. Sparse data presents a serious challenge to training machine learning models. Here we describe a transfer learning approach using numerical simulations to train a convolutional encoder-decoder that predicts fault-slip behavior in laboratory experiments. The model learns a mapping between acoustic emission histories and fault-slip from numerical simulations, and generalizes to produce accurate results using laboratory data. Notably slip-predictions markedly improve using the simulation-data trained-model and training the latent space using a portion of a single laboratory earthquake-cycle. The transfer learning results elucidate the potential of using models trained on numerical simulations and fine-tuned with small geophysical data sets for potential applications to faults in Earth.
Electrometric Investigation of the Nature and Stability of Mixed Ligand Complexes of L-Ornithine and 1,10-Phenanthroline with Some Essential Metal Ions in Aqua-TBAB or PEG-400 Surfactant
Authors: Assefa Atnafu Guadie , Negash Molla Tefera , Akele Mulugeta Legesse , Workneh Bewketu Mehari , Mesfin Ayal Adugna , Shyamala Pulipaka , Rao Gollapalli Nageswara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite the availability of information about the effect of aqua-surfactants media on the stability of binary complexes, data related to mixed ligand complexes of Phen and Orn with essential metals in aqua-surfactant medium is scarce. The aim of this study was, to determine the stabilities of the mixed ligand complexes of essential metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) with Phen and Orn in aqua-TBAB and PEG-400 surfactants with an eye on the prediction of the bioavailability of the metal complexes.
Results

Complexes of some essential metal (M) ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) of L-ornithine (L) and 1,10-phenanthroline (X) ligands in various concentrations (0.0–2.5% v/v) of aqueous tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) or polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) surfactant were synthesized pH-metrically at 298 K and 0.16 mol L− 1 ionic strength. The relative amounts of L:M:X were 2.5:1.0:2.5; 5.0:1.0:2.5; 2.5:1.0:5.0. The data acquisition of acid-base equilibria and determination of stability constants were performed using MINIQUAD75 algorithm. The distribution patterns of the complexes with varying pH and compositions of surfactants were presented from the plots of SIM run data.
Conclusions

The best fit chemical models were found to be MLXH, MLX2H in the lower pH, and MLX, ML2X in the higher pH ranges for all the metals. The logged values of stability constants decreased linearly with increasing concentrations of surfactants, indicating the dominance of electrostatic factors. The log of the disproportionation constant and the change in log values of the mixed ligand constant indicated additional stability of the mixed ligand complexes, compared to the parent binary complexes due to interactions outside the coordination sphere. This makes the mixed ligand complexes more amenable to metal ion storage and transport and threw light to have information on the less stable binary complexes easily bioavailability while the mixed ligand complexes could be stored and transported in the bio-fluids. Significant change on the magnitudes of the stability constants, high values of standard deviation and rejection of some of the proposed chemical models were observed due to pessimistic error, indicating the sufficiency of the models to represent the data and accuracy of the method employed.
The effectiveness of microwave endometrial ablation combined with hysteroscopic transcervical resection in treating submucous uterine myomas: A retrospective study
Authors: Kakinuma Toshiyuki , Kakinuma Kaoru , Shimizu Ayano , Kaneko Ayaka , Kagimoto Masataka , Okusa Takafumi , Suizu Eri , Saito Koyomi , Matsuda Yoshio , Yanagida Kaoru , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Ohwada Michitaka 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Submucous uterine myomas can be effectively and safely treated using microwave endometrial ablation (MEA). However, recurrence is common and requires additional treatment. This study investigated the efficacy of MEA combined with transcervical resection (TCR).
Methods

This retrospective study included 32 women who underwent MEA in addition to TCR for submucous uterine myomas at the International University of Medicine and Welfare Hospital between January 2016 and June 2020. All patients were followed up for ≥ 6 months after the procedure.
Results

The 32 women had a mean age of 45.2 ± 4.3 years. The myomas had a mean major diameter of 26.3 ± 12.3 mm and a protrusion degree of 51.3 ± 11.3%. The patients reported very severe hypermenorrhea/dysmenorrhea (10/10 points on the visual analogue scale) before the procedure. After the procedure, the hypermenorrhea scores decreased to 1.2 ± 1.3 and 0.9 ± 1.3 after 3 and 6 months, respectively (both p < 0.001). The dysmenorrhea scores also decreased to 1.3 ± 1.8 and 1.3 ± 1.8 after 3 and 6 months, respectively (both p < 0.001). Circulating hemoglobin concentrations improved significantly from 8.7 ± 1.9 g/dL to 13.5 ± 1.1 g/dL (p < 0.001). The mean follow-up duration was 33.8 ± 16.8 months and 10 women (31.3%) developed amenorrhea during this period, although none experienced recurrence of hypermenorrhea. No surgical complications were observed. The patients reported being highly satisfied with the ability of the combined treatment to relieve hypermenorrhea (mean visual analogue scale score: 9.5 ± 0.8).
Conclusion

Reducing the size of uterine fibroids via a combination of MEA and TCR can safely and effectively treat hypermenorrhea in patients with submucous myomas. Furthermore, the procedure’s effectiveness is complemented by the patients’ high satisfaction level.
Mathematical Model of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes to Plant Growth–Defense Tradeoff in Salvia Miltiorrhiza
Authors: Wang Ke , Yan Zhu-yun , Ma Yun-tong , Li Bo , Wang Wei , Qi Lu-ming , Jia Hong-mei , Li Na , Wang Zhun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Enzyme activities play a very important role in metabolism. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the two most basic elements for plant growth and development, and their mutual coupling makes C:N become an important index to explore plant element allocation and adaptation strategies. Although the key enzymes activity in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and defense enzymes are often used to indexes of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants, the relationship between them and biomass still lacks understanding. In this paper, under the control condition, the biomass and 18 kinds of physiological and biochemical indexes were obtained through 24 groups experiments of the regenerated seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza by 9 endophytic fungi strains grafted. Results: The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, Lasso variable screening analysis and MLP neural network regression analysis. Results show that many physiological and biochemical indexes are related to biomass, and glutamine synthetase ( GS ),glutamate synthase ( GLS ), glutamate dehydroge nase ( GDH ), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT), soluble protein are the key factors which affect the biomass synthesis of Salvia miltiorrhiza . Conclusion: In this paper, it discusses the relationship between physiological and biochemical indexes and biomass in a comprehensive and systematic way by the framework of "Build-Design-Calculate-Test". Through rigorous logical reasoning process, the factors affecting the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza are selected, and the mathematical model is established. It also provides a powerful tool for the comprehensive and systematic study of plant growth and the synthesis of effective components.
Chinese ICU Physicians’ Knowledge of Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD): A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Mao Wenchao , Lu Difan , Zhou Jia , zhen Junhai , Yan Jing , Li Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients with sepsis have a high mortality rate, accumulated evidences suggest that an optimal antibiotic administration strategy based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics（PK/PD）can improve the prognosis of septic patients. Therefore, we assessed Chinese intensive care unit (ICU) physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD.Methods: In December 2019, we designed a questionnaire focused on Chinese ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD and collected the questionnaires after 3 months. The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail and WeChat, and was distributed to ICU doctors in 31 administrative regions of China except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The passing score was corrected by the Angoff method, and the ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD was analysed accordingly.Results: We received a total of 1,309 questionnaires and retained 1,240 valid questionnaires. The passing score was 90.8, and the overall pass rate was 56.94%. The pass rate for tertiary and secondary hospitals was 59.07% and 37.19%, respectively. ICU physicians with less than 5 years of work experience and resident physician accounted for the highest pass rate, while those with between 5 to 10 years of work experience and attending accounted for the lowest pass rate. The majority of participants in the Chinese Critical Care Certified Course (5C) were from Jiangsu and Henan provinces, and they had the highest average scores (125.8 and 126.5, respectively). For Beijing and Shanghai, the average score was only 79.4 and 90.9, respectively.Conclusions: Chinese ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen ICU physicians’ knowledge about PK/PD.
Lobular Carcinoma in Situ During Preoperative Biopsy and the Rate of Upgrade
Authors: Lee Jeea , Ku Ga Yoon , Lee Haemin , Park Hyung Seok , Ku Ja Seung , Kim Jee Ye , Park Seho , Kim Seung Il , Park Byeong-Woo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: There is a potential risk that lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) on preoperative biopsy might be diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma in the final pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of upgrade of LCIS on preoperative biopsy to DCIS or invasive carcinoma.Methods: Data of 55 patients with LCIS on preoperative biopsy were analyzed. All patients underwent surgery between 1991 and 2016 at Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the rate of upgrade of preoperative LCIS to DCIS or invasive cancer in the final pathology. The clinicopathologic features related to the upgrade were evaluated.Results: The rate of upgrade of LCIS to DCIS or invasive carcinoma was 16.4% (9/55). In multivariate analysis, microcalcification and progesterone receptor expression were significantly associated with the upgrade of LCIS (P = 0.023 and 0.044, respectively).Conclusions: The current study showed a relatively high rate of upgrade of LCIS on preoperative biopsy to DCIS or invasive cancer. The presence of microcalcification and progesterone receptor expression may be potential predictors of upgradation of LCIS on preoperative biopsy. Surgical excision of the LCIS during preoperative biopsy could be a management option to identify the concealed malignancy.
Cross-cultural Validation and Psychometric Testing of the Debriefing Experience Scale (DES): A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Xie Ya Dian , Li Xin Yi , Liu Qian , Huang Run , Li Ting , Fang Ya Xuan , Luo Dan , Wan Yonghui , Yang Bing Xiang , Reed Shelly J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The Debriefing Experience Scale (DES) is a tool that is used to explore nursing students’ subjective experiences during a debriefing. Information obtained from completed scales can be used to help determine best debriefing practices. No Chinese version of the scale has been found verifying reliability and validity.Methods: The Chinese DES was completed by 34 undergraduate (second year) nursing students after debriefing six separate simulation scenarios. Eight experts were consulted to determine the content validity of the scale. Critical ratio method, Cronbach’s alpha and the correlation coefficient and factor analysis were used for data analysis.Results: 200 cases were included in the analysis, it showed that the simplified Chinese version DES scale held a good potential to discriminate nursing students’ experience of the debriefing.Conclusions: The simplified Chinese DES scale was effective in evaluating the experience of debriefing. A larger sample size and multicenter research is needed to confirm these findings.
Physiological Responses of Amaranthus Cruentus L. to Drought Stress Under Sufficient- and Deficient-Nitrogen Conditions
Authors: Cechin Inês , Silva Laura Prado da , Ferreira Elisa Teófilo , Barrochelo Sarah Corrêa , de Melo Fernanda Pereira de Souza Rosa , Dokkedal Anne Ligia , Saldanha Luiz Leonardo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Water and nitrogen availability are environmental factors that can impair plant growth, and when they are combined their effects can be intensified or reduced. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of nitrogen availability on the responses of Amaranthus cruentus’s metabolisms to water stress. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots filled with vermiculite and kept under greenhouse conditions and were watered with 70% of full strength nitrogen-free Long Ashton solution, containing 1.97 or 9.88 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate, three times a week. Photosynthetic parameter were evaluated in planta and leaves were harvested for chemical analysis of proline and phenolic contents. Higher nitrogen supply increased the shoot dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, total leaf nitrogen, proline, nitrate and ammonium but reduced the concentration of flavonoids and total phenols. Water stress for 6 days did not affect dry matter, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen, ammonium or specialized metabolites but increased the proline and affected negatively the other variables. The observed interactions between nitrogen and water supply resulted in no alleviation of the negative effects of drought on amaranth. Although the increase in nitrogen supply had benefits on plant performance, it intensified the negative effect of water stress. The study shows the importance of choosing the correct level of nitrogen fertilization in order to obtain satisfactory results in terms of plant growth under drought conditions.
Impact of B.1.617 and RBD SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Vaccine Efficacy: An In-silico Approach
Authors: Ranjan Prashant , Neha  , Devi Chandra , Jain Garima , Mallick Chandana Basu , Das Parimal 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The existing panels of COVID-19 vaccines are based on the spike protein of earlier SARS-CoV-2 strain that emerged in Wuhan, China. However, the evolving nature of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in emergence of new variants, thereby, posing a greater challenge in the management of the disease. India faced a deadlier second wave of infections very recently and genomic surveillance revealed that B.1.617 variant and its sub lineages are responsible for majority of the cases. These are highly infectious and possibly more lethal and therefore labelled as variants of concern by WHO. Hence, it’s crucial to determine if the current vaccines available can be effective against these variants. To address this, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on B.1.617 along with K417G variants and other RBD variants. We studied structural alteration of the spike protein and factors affecting antibody neutralization and immune escape. We found in seven of the 12 variants studied, there was a structural alteration in RBD region further affecting its stability and function. Docking analysis of RBD variants and wild type strain demonstrated increase in binding affinity with ACE2 (angiotensin 2 altered enzymes) receptor in these variants. Molecular interaction with CR3022 antibody revealed that binding affinity was less in comparison to wild type, with B.1.617 showing the least binding affinity. These findings from the extensive simulations provides novel mechanistic insights on the conformational dynamics and improves our understanding of the enhanced properties of these variants in terms of infectivity, transmissibility, neutralization potential, virulence and host-viral replication fitness.
Recapitulating aortic valve disease hemodynamics with a highly tunable bio-inspired soft robotic aortic sleeve
Authors: Rosalia Luca , Ozturk Caglar , Fan Yiling , Coll-Font Jaume , Chen Shi , Eder Robert , Kim Jo , Nagata Yasufumi , Levine Robert , Panagia Marcello , Guerrero Jose , Mauskapf Adam , Roche Ellen , Nguyen Christopher 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Existing models of aortic stenosis (AS) are limited to inducing left ventricular pressure overload. As they have reduced control over the severity of aortic constriction, the clinical relevance of these models is largely hindered by their inability to mimic AS hemodynamics and recapitulate flow patterns associated with congenital valve defects, responsible for the accelerated onset and progression of AS. Here we report the development of a highly tunable bio-inspired soft robotic tool that enables the recapitulation of AS in a porcine model, in which customization of actuation patterns allows hemodynamic mimicry of AS and congenital aortic valve defects. In vitro and computational tools including lumped-parameter, finite element, and computational fluid dynamics platforms were developed to predict the hemodynamics induced by the bio-inspired soft robotic sleeve. The controllability of our in vivo model and its ability to replicate flow patterns of AS and congenital defects were demonstrated in swine through echocardiography, left ventricular catheterization, and magnetic resonance imaging. This work supports the use of soft robotics to simulate human physiology and disease, while paving the way towards the development of patient-specific models of AS and congenital defects that can guide clinical decisions to improve the management and treatment of these patients.