bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The density and distribution of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Krueng Cut, Aceh Besar
Authors: Ramadhaniaty M , Octavina C , Putri FA , Karina S , Ichsan  
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Crassostrea gigas is a Pacific oyster that has the largest size among the other oysters. This oyster is most often found because of its ability to adapt to a variety of environments. Krueng Cut is an estuary area that gets a lot of nutrient input from sea water because it is directly adjacent to the ocean. This condition makes this area has a high abundance of oysters with high fishing and antropogenic activities as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the density and distribution of the oyster population from 3 representative stations along the estuary area of Krueng Cut. The method used in this study is random sampling using a quadratic transect. The results show that the highest density is indicated by station 3 with 55.67 ind/m2 and the lowest density is indicated by station 1 is 40.33 ind/m2. These results indicate that the activities of residents, the entry of contaminants from antropogenic affect the density of oysters. The distribution of oysters from the three stations showed similarities, namely they tended to grouping. The aquatic environment at the three research stations still supports the growth of oysters. This study confirms that there has been a decline in the population, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of catches and a smaller size of oysters.
Beach sands deposite identification using very low frequency method in the Benteng Lubuk, Krueng Raya coastal area
Authors: Jannah M , Muhammad M , Marwan  , Jalil Z 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The 2D subsurface identification work of iron sands in Benteng Lubuk, Krueng Raya was successfully studied using the very low frequency method based on resistivity mode (VLF-R). This study aims to identify iron sand deposits in coastal areas using electromagnetic inversion. The inversion process shows a conductivity zone of iron sand area, where the resistive layer is strongly covered by a conductive layer above it. High resistivity values were found at 80-100 m stations. This layer has a resistivity value between 20000 – 40000 m and the conductivity value tend to be low. It is estimated that at this point there will only be manifestations of iron sand or sea water intrusion, due to the location of the track close to the coastline.
Embryogenesis of climbing perch fish Anabas testudineus Bloch 1792 at incubation temperature of 28°C
Authors: Rahmadi R , Syahril A , Nur F M , Maulida S , Muchlisin Z A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Information on the embryonic development of fish is important to understand the early life history of fish, this information is useful for fish breeding, especially in crossbreeding and genetic engineering. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the process of embryonic development and the incubation time of climbing perch eggs which were incubated at a temperature of 28 °C. The results showed that the embryonic development of betok fish was divided into six phases, namely the cleavage phase (3 hours and 5 minutes), morula (4 hours and 30 minutes), blastula (5 hours, and 40 minutes), gastrula (8 hours, and 47 minutes), organogenesis (15 hours, and 39 minutes) and hatched. At an incubation temperature of 28 °C, the climbing perch fish eggs hatched 18 hours and 38 minutes after fertilization.Introduction
Conservation impact from Lamteungoh fishing village: lesson learned from Aceh coastal area
Authors: Haridhi H A , Agustina S , Damora A , Fajri I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelago nation with most of its big cities lays on or adjacent to the coastal area. Thus, driving huge demand for marine and fisheries resources in the concerning region. However, with a long coastline, the rural areas or coastal villages are distributed along the coast surrounding the archipelago, therefore it is reasonable to consider the impact being given by the coastal village on its effort toward conservation. In this study, we applied the Rapid Appraisal of Fisheries Management System (RAFMS), which is a recently developed technique to quickly assess the fisheries management system, which is time-efficient, was cost-effective and was gathered from coastal community and stakeholders. In this study, the study area is located at Lamteungoh village in the coastal area of Peukan Bada subdistrict, Aceh Province. This village is known for its pristine coastal and marine ecological condition compare to the other region. The result shows that the traditional fishermen institution called the Panglima Laot has a significant role in the region’s conservation actions. Some policies of implementing area- and time-based restrictions in engagement to the marine resource by the fishermen, as well as restrictions to catch particular marine species have impacted positively towards conservation activities in the region. Thus, it is possible to replicate this traditional management system at the other coastal areas beside Aceh province in Indonesia.
Simulation of a perovskite sandwich solar cell with the p-CZTS / p-CH3NH3PbCI3 / p-CZTS absorber layers
Authors: Mahmood Marwah S , Hassan N K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells attract the attention because of their unique properties in photovoltaic cells. Numerical simulation to the structure of Perovskite on p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS absorber layers is performed by using a program solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), with changing absorber layer thickness. The effect of thickness p-CZTS/p-CH3NH3PbCI3/p-CZTS, layers at (3.2μm, 1.8 μm, 1.1 μm) respectively are studied. The obtained results are short circuit current density (Jsc
), open circuit voltage (V
oc), fill factor (F. F) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) equal to (28 mA/cm2, 0.83 v, 60.58 % and 14.25 %) respectively at 1.1 μm thickness. Our findings revealed that the dependence of current - voltage characteristics on the thickness of the absorbing layers, an increase in the amount of short circuit current density with an increase in the thickness of the absorption layers and thus led to an increase in the conversion efficiency and improvement of the cell by increasing the thickness of the absorption layers.
Investigation of pollution level of groundwater in the ALjazaier Area, Babil
Authors: Hadi N S , Jabbur Z S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A total with 15 samples was collected from 3 wells in the aljazaier distreet in Babil governorate for the period from January to April 2020, to study the microbial contamination represented by fecal bacteria, while chemical contamination includes a physochemical and the heavy element’s properties. The goal of this study: Study the water of some wells from some microbes and chemical aspects and evaluate this according to Iraqi standards and specifications. Results showed microbial pollution by fecal Coliform bacteria in well water when using Using the agar media. Results showed the difference in the mean of (MPN) of well water. It was found that the EC value (1061) μs/cm was exceeded the permissible limit in W1, Cl values (325, 430)mg/l, pb values (0.43, 0.14) μg/l and Ni values (0.11, 0.11) μg/l and the permissible limit were exceeded in W1, W2 and SO4 values (681, 653, 584) mg / l also the permissible limit was exceeded in W1, W2 and W3 as well as Ag value (0.12) μg/l is in W1 only. The total risk index (HIT) in the groundwater for W1, W2, W3 was acceptable for adult values ΣHI( 0.23, 0.97, 3.8E-4 ) and children values ΣHI ( 2.6E-2, 1.6E-2, 1.3E-3 ) respectively.
Surface Heat Budget estimation for Laurance Lake, US
Authors: Abed-Zaid Dahlia S. , Al-Zubaidi Hussein A. M. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Estimating heat budget factors are important to understand the many physical processes of large lakes and their reaction to the atmosphere. Some of these components are affected by water temperature, while the other depends on atmospheric conditions. This paper estimates the total heat flux for Lawrence lake via a code developed in MATLAB environment. The code can deal with different time resolutions if the lake water surface temperature data were at different time resolutions from the meteorological data. Results showed that solar energy peaks at 842 Watt/m2 at 540 Julian day, which is very normal for a sunny summer day, while the longwave radiation has 204 Watt/m2 as a min value. The back radiation did not make any reaction for the variation, but it revealed a small gradient. Furthermore, evaporation recorded - 67 Watt/m2 as a minimum value at 659 Julian day and 360 Watt/m2 as a maximum value at 578.43 Julian day close to the maximum water surface temperature event.
The effect of saturation Methods on natural gypsum rocks
Authors: abdulrahman Dhafar , Hasan Falah , Ibrahim Amjad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When the gypsum rock is exposed to the relative humidity in a closed environment for a continuous period, the result is an increase in the weight of these rocks after the passage of the first 24 hours, and there is no effect on the percentage of gypsum that the rocks contain, as the weight increase occurred at the same time for the different gypsum ratios. For rocks submerged in potable water and located within a humid environment, most of these rocks witnessed weight gain, with some exhibiting dissolving behavior. As for the gypsum rocks submerged with water saturated with aqueous calcium sulfate salt, they witnessed weight gain without any solubility. It is worth noting the important effect that relative humidity plays in the atmosphere at high levels, as it stimulated the saturation property to cover and overcome the famous property of gypsum rocks, which is the melting at high humidity.
Effect of Fullerenes Additions on Physical – Mechanical Properties of Hot-Forged Iron-Based Powder Materials
Authors: Kareem Mohammed Qasim , Dorofeyev Vladimir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is possible to expand the applications ranges of powder material products by enhancing the performance properties of these products in addition to their manufacturability and reliability together, it’s possible by materials structures modification. In this paper, the effect of fullerene (C60) additives to iron-based powder material has been studied. All samples produced by Hot-Forging (HF) powder materials technology. Green and HF density of the obtained samples calculated by volume / weight and Archimede’s principle, respectively. The effect of technological parameters on the microstructure of carbon steels’ samples was done by an ALTAMI MET-1M metallographic microscope. Tensile test executed by using of a universal testing machine UMM –5 and the microhardness (HV10) was measured by REICHERT hardness test machine. The results showed that the HF C60 steels’ samples had higher density and strength of 0.81 and 25%, respectively, with a good plasticity in comparison with graphite steels’ samples.
Study of haemoflagellates Trypanosoma sp. infection in some fish of Iraq marshes and relationship of leukocytes with inflammatory response
Authors: Jarallah H M 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Fresh water fishes infected with different species of genus Trypanosoma parasite that is similar to that same genus in blood of mammals. Trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness disease that causes by protozoa flagellate parasites which live inside cell called Trypanosoma. Fish parasites play an important role in regulating the population of their hosts. This study was implemented to verify the infection with Trypanosoma sp. report the cellular intervening through inflammatory response in blood smears of infected fishes. A total of 190 fishes of three species Carasobarbus luteus, Aspius vorax and Liza abu were collected from Al-Hamare and Al-Chibayish marsh south of Iraq. The flagellate parasite Trypanosoma sp. observed in blood of Carasobarbus luteus 41.42% and Aspius vorax 12.28% fishes, while no infection was recorded with Trypanosoma sp. in Liza abu fishes. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection were calculated. The different counts and various types of inflammatory cells were monitored, there are increased in lymphocytes in the infected fishes. Statistically, there are significant differences (p<0.05) among species of infected fish with Trypanosoma sp.
Constructing the optimal power algorithm for AS/RS systems using multi-mobile robots
Authors: Hameed H M , Rashid A T , Rashid M T , Al Amry K A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For any mobile system there is especially advantageous from a business perspective to develop energy-saving techniques that also extend to existing production processes. Therefore, looking for ways to enhance the energy efficiency of robot operations to maximize energy consumption efficiency is of considerable significance, a route-planning issue that refers to finding the shortest path to meet the predetermined goal location in a certain complex environment. So, one of the energy saving methods for a multi-mobile robot environment is to find the optimal path for a mobile robot that can improve power consumption. In this paper, an optimal power algorithm for “automatic storage and retrieval system” using multi-mobile robots is introduced based on efficient motion planning among a group of multi-mobile robots that gives a significant improvement in the level of energy consumption. Energy mechanism can be achieved using electrical power quantities on real robots, models or analytical equations based on robots’ physical model. The simulation results indicate that the algorithm enhanced power consumption efficiency.
Design and Implementation of Sunlight Tracking Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Majhool Mohammed Hassan , Salim ALRikabi Haider TH. , Farhan Mansour S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article, for smart management and control of the solar pursuing device, an archetype is designed to evaluate or verify administration system and control. The newly-built prototype is designed for several applications to be a powerful platform for understanding the smart solar energy method. The Internet of Stuff integrates ordinary items using the Internet to enter the physical world. The IoT technology is facilitated to track solar PV (photovoltaic) power generation that can improve plant upkeep, tracking, and efficiency. This would include monitoring the solar panel and pointing it into the sunlight. It’s all feasible to utilize LDR sensors. The IoT automatically preserves track of the voltage supply the solar panel detects the towards of sunlight. The suggested system demonstrates the online utilization of solar PV power.
Concrete Properties using Treated Recycled EPS
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Jasim , Hussein Yasir Gaib 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study explores the mechanical properties of treated recycled extended polystyrene (TEPS) concrete, treated by two methods, one by heating, and the other by immersed recycled EPS in cement neat. By substituting 0 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % of the coarse aggregate volume with treated recycled EPS, (for both method). Treated recycled TEPS concrete ratios are experimentally prepared, while the cement is substituted thru 10 % silica fume (SF). Tests were carried out, like compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and density. The outcomes display the decreasing of the compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of rupture of TEPS concretes with rise TEPS percentage around 26 %, 17 % and 32 %, respectively (35% TEPS) related to standard concrete. They also show that TEPS concrete density decrease about 30 % of normal concrete. The TEPS is suitable in concrete and meets provisions.
Properties of Concrete Containing Recycled Demolition Aggregate
Authors: Mohammed Hasan Jasim , Sabir Zeina Saad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the properties of Recycled Demolition Aggregate (RDA) concrete. Five RDA concrete ratios are prepared experimentally by substituting, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the gravel weight with RDA. While, the 10% of cement is substituted by silica fume (Si). Adding steel fibres (SF) (0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5 %). Treated RDA with cement mortar and superplasticizer (SP) admixture added to (1%) of total cementitious materials (TCM). The concrete properties exams performed such as; density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of rupture. The tests concluded that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and rupture modulus values of RDA concretes are reduced with an increased RDA ratio relative to normal concrete. Density of RDA concrete reduces around 9% of normal concrete. The RDA is suitable in concrete and meets specifications.
Prediction and Forecasting of Maximum Weather Temperature Using a Linear Autoregressive Model
Authors: Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Hashim Khalid , Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem Saad , Farhan Sabeeh L. , Defae Asad Al , Jameel Mohammed J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the autoregressive (AR) model performance in prediction and forecasting the monthly maximum temperature. The temperature recordings are collected over 12 years (i.e., 144 monthly readings). All the data are stationaries, which is converted to be stationary, via obtaining the normal logarithm values. The recordings are then divided into 70% training and 30% testing sample. The training sample is used for determining the structure of the AR model while the testing sample is used for validating the obtained model in forecasting performance. A wide range of model order is selected and the most suitable order is selected in terms of the highest modelling accuracy. The study shows that the monthly maximum temperature can accurately be predicted and forecasted using the AR model.
Forecasting of Air Maximum Temperature on Monthly Basis Using Singular Spectrum Analysis and Linear Autoregressive Model
Authors: Saad Al-Bdairi Nabeel Saleem , Zubaidi Salah L. , Al-Bugharbee Hussein , Hashim Khalid , Farhan Sabeeh L. , Defae Asad Al 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this research, the singular spectrum analysis technique is combined with a linear autoregressive model for the purpose of prediction and forecasting of monthly maximum air temperature. The temperature time series is decomposed into three components and the trend component is subjected for modelling. The performance of modelling for both prediction and forecasting is evaluated via various model fitness function. The results show that the current method presents an excellent performance in expecting the maximum air temperature in future based on previous recordings.
Physical Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Na-Geopolymer Paste Designed by a Taguchi Method
Authors: Ahmed Al-dujaili Mohammad A. , Disher Al-hydary Imad A. , Hassan Zainab Zayer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Geopolymer paste is a revolutionary building material that the chemical activity of inorganic molecules will create. It is an alternative to traditional Portland cement and is more Eco-friendly. This analysis aimed to classify the mixtures and their process parameters suitable for the development of Geo-polymer paste with one of the ultimate compressive powers, the highest-lowest porosity, and the lowest-lowest final and initial setting time. In the experimental design of the Geo-polymer-based-metakaolin, a Taguchi methodology has been utilized. Five variables parameters were chosen that are mostly to influence the properties of the geopolymer. These are the quantity of Si, alkali, the proportion of alkali reagents, duration of blending, and water amount. These variables’ influence has been calculated at 7 and 28 days on compressive strengths, porosity, density, and setting time. The analysis indicates that the strong compressive strength (115MPa) of Geopolymer paste could be achieved with the formula (1Na2O. Al2O3. 3.8SiO2.xH2O) utilizing suitable processing conditions under which the molar ratio of alkali silicate to alkali hydroxide must be held within the range of 3.25-3.02.
A Review of New Solar Still Design Comprising a Five-Sided Glass Cover and Equipped with an External Tank for PCM
Authors: Shareef Abbas Sahi , Kurji Hayder Jabbar , Matrood Hassan Abdulameer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Various human activities have led to the consumption of large quantities of pure water, which has led researchers to find efficient and economical methods for desalinating seawater and water containing impurities. In this review paper, solar energy where it is permanent, abundant and environmentally friendly, to produce pure water was discussed using a new solar distillation device, representing the paper’s novelty. The distillation was designed and used in the way led to increase efficiency and improve productivity by adding a solar collector to the system and equipped with a tank containing phase change material (PCM). It has a low melting point and can change the phase by absorbing the system’s latent heat to maintain the system’s temperature. Which contributes to increasing the distillation period even after sunset, thus increasing the daily productivity of freshwater. Using phase change materials will increase distillation hours from (3-4) hours after sunset, increasing the amount of production between (75 - 90) %.
Improvement of Thermal Performance of Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger Utilizing Air Bubble Injection Technique
Authors: Hasan Saif Salah , Baqir Ali Shakir , Mahood Hameed B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The heat transfer enhancement in terms of temperature of a vertical helically coiled tube heat exchanger is carried out experimentally. The experiments were achieved in a heat exchanger with a 50 cm height and 15 cm internal diameter under four different cold and three hot water mass flow rates and four different airflow rates. At the same time, the temperature difference was taken invariant (ΔT=20°C). To avoid some uncertainties, the hot side temperature of the heat exchanger was measured via k-type thermocouples. The results showed that the increase of air injection flow rate improved heat transfer from the hot stream flowing in the coil to the shell’s cold stream. An intimate thermal mixing when air injected is clearly observed, which could be responsible for the heat exchanger’s thermal enhancement. Finally, the injected air pressure was noticed to be having only a minor effect on thermal performance improvement.
Experimental Investigation of a Single Slope Solar Still Performance- Evaporation Process Enhancement Using Evacuated Pipes
Authors: Jaafar Zahraa Abdulkareem , Hameed Hassanain Ghani 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The single slope solar still productivity strongly depends on the amount of energy absorbed by the solar still basin plate. Therefore, increasing either the basin plate’s absorption or enhancing the heat transfer with raw water will increase the pure water production rates. To improve the evaporation and the solar still thermal performance, custom-designed evacuated copper pipes with different diameters and water filling rates are experimentally investigated in this paper. Moreover, it has been noticed that pure water productivity is significantly affected as it improved by 90.09% when using a 15mm diameter pipe with a 50% filling ratio.