bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge on Risk Factors and Practice of Early Detection Methods of Breast Cancer Among Graduating Students of Debre Tabor University, Northcentral Ethiopia
Authors: Mehiret Gashaw , Molla Amsalu , Tesfaw Aragaw 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

Breast cancer is the greatest common cancer in women worldwide, with approximately 1.7 million new cases diagnosed each year in the world which accounts for 12% of all new cancer cases and 25% of all cancers in women. Even though the higher mortality rate of breast cancer in low and middle-income countries, the practice of early detection methods is low and the majority of the patients who appeared at an advanced stage of the disease need palliative care with little survival rates. However, evidence is sparse on knowledge of risk and practice of breast cancer screening methods used among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Hence we aimed to assess knowledge on risk factors and practice of early detection methods of breast cancer among female graduating students of Debre Tabor University.
Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 15 at Debra-Tabor University female graduating class students. A multistage sampling technique was used. Data were collected with a self-administer questionnaire. The collected data were processed and analyzed with the computer using SPSS version 25 software. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic information of participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Statistical significance was stated at p < 0.05.
Result;

A total of 270 female students have participated in the study. The median age (±SD) was 24.63 years (±1.26). All of the students heard about breast cancer and early detection methods. About 206 (76.67% of the participants had good knowledge of breast self-examination. Mass media, health professionals, and friends in combination were the main source of information 172 (63.77%), only 110 (40.70%) of students performed a breast-self-examination and the rest did not perform it due to forgetting fullness and lack of knowledge. About 208 (77.1%) of the respondents respond family history is a risk factor for breast cancer. Being a health science student (AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: 2.12, 3.52), family history of breast problem (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 3.22, 8.33), and having a good level of knowledge (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.68) were the factors associated with the practice of breast self-examination.
Conclusion

Most of the participants were unaware of the benefits, appropriate timing, and techniques of doing a breast self-examination. Health science students had better awareness & practice of breast self-examination than non-health science students. Trained health professionals must give focus on giving health information regarding risk factors of breast cancer and methods of early detection of breast cancer to the public & their clients.
Development of Tannin-bridged Cerium Oxide Microcubes-chitosan Cryogel as a Multifunctional Wound Dressing
Authors: Teng Muzhou , Li Zhijia , Lu Zhihui , Wu Keke , Guo Jinshan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Efficient resolution of oxidative stress, inflammation and bacterial infections are crucial for wound healing. To surmount these problems, tannic acid (TA)-bridged CeO2 microcubes and chitosan (CS) (CS-TA@CeO2) cryogel was fabricated through hydrogen bonding interactions as a multifunctional wound dressing. Results: The physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful introduction and uniform incorporation of TA@CeO2 microcubes into CS network. Thus-obtained CS-TA@CeO2 cryogels displayed suitable porous structure and swelling ratio. The CS-TA@CeO2 cryogels exhibited favorable antioxidant ability evidenced by scavenging more than 82.9% ROS in vitro and significantly increasing the antioxidant enzyme levels in vivo. The anti-inflammatory ability of the cryogels was confirmed by the downregulated expression of the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the upregulated expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). The multifunctional cryogels also showed excellent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive (S.aureus) and Gram-negative (E.coli) bacteria. Furthermore, the cryogels can promote the adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts (L929) cells. Moreover, CS-TA@CeO2 cryogels presented excellent hemostatic performance in rat tail amputation model. In vivo Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats full-thickness experiments illustrated that the cryogels can significantly accelerate wound healing through providing considerable antioxidant activity, promoting angiogenesis, and increasing collagen deposition. Conclusions: Overall, the multifunctional CS-TA@CeO2 cryogels showed great potential for wound healing.
Discovery of UPSTREAM of FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) in Gladiolus ×Hybridus, G. Dalenii
Authors: Aljaser Jaser A. , Anderson Neil , Noyszewski Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background.

Gladiolus is a geophytic floricultural crop cultivated for cut flower and garden ornamental uses. Monocotyledonous flower crops have few, if any, flowering genes identified. Ornamental geophytes such as gladiolus, lily, tulip and daffodil are examples of floral crops that are currently being investigated to understand the flowering pathway. While the flower genes and environmental / hormonal factors leading to flowering are established in Arabidopsis, the lack of identified flowering genes in economically important ornamental geophytic crops, such as gladiolus, is critical to further genetic research. Thus, the importance of such an ornamental crop that relies on flowers (flowering) for economic purposes encourages researchers to discover the flowering genes to breed vigorous, flowering cultivars. The understanding of the flowering mechanisms in the flowering pathway is also of paramount importance.
Results.

Herein we show the discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) genes in Gladiolus ×hybridus and G. dalenii. The UFC gene is adjacent to FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) which is a floral repressor in many temperate species. The FLX gene upregulates FRIGIDA (FRI) which upregulates FLC expression. Discovery of both genes is a step forward in finding the FLC gene in gladiolus, provided they are linked. Seventeen gladiolus genotypes, consisting of early flowering and commercial cultivars, were discovered to possess the UFC gene, consisting of four exons in two allelic forms. The sequenced UFC gene, when translated into its amino acid sequence and set in pair-alignment to other species, has up to 57% in amino acid identity to Musa acuminata. The UFC protein ranges in identity with pair-alignment to other monocot species, also with 57% amino acid identity to M. acuminata. The FLX gene in gladiolus has 3/5 (60%) exons in common relative to Ananas comosus, i.e. lacking 2 exons and a partially complete gene sequence; the pair-alignment of the three exons shows an overall ~65% identity of FLX to A. comosus. The UFC protein consists of a conserved domain, DUF966, which is higher in identity (86%) and pair-alignment with Elaeis guineensis.
Conclusions.

The two newly-discovered genes in gladiolus, UFC and FLX, provide insight to further our understanding of the flowering mechanism, flowering pathway genes, and vernalization response in ornamental geophytes. This knowledge will be valuable for gladiolus breeders and geneticists to finding the FLC gene, identify segregating seedlings for both UFC and FLX, and aid in marker assisted selection for flowering gene expression.
GlucoMedix ®, an Extract of Stevia Rebaudiana and Uncaria Tomentosa, Reduces Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Hypertension in Rat Models Without Toxicity: A Treatment For Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Vílchez León F. Villegas , Ascencios Julio Hidalgo , Dooley Thomas P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: The objective of this in vivo study is to evaluate in five rat models the pharmacologic effects and toxicity of a commercial hydro-alcoholic extract, GlucoMedix®, derived from Stevia rebaudiana and the pentacyclic chemotype of Uncaria Tomentosa (Willd.) DC, for use as a treatment for Metabolic Syndrome. The extract contains phytochemicals of Stevia (e.g., steviol glycosides) and Uncaria (e.g., pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids, but lacks tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids).Methods: The pharmacologic assessments in three rat models include reductions in chemically induced hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (cholesterol and triglycerides), and hypertension, all of which are comorbidities of Metabolic Syndrome. Acute toxicity and 28-day subacute toxicity were assessed in rat models at doses higher than those used in the efficacy models.Results: The acute oral toxicity was evaluated in Holtzman rats and the extract did not produce acute toxic effects or lethality, with the LD50 > 5000 mg/kg (extract wet weight). Furthermore, subacute oral toxicity was evaluated in rats for 28 days at daily doses as high as 2000 mg/kg without toxicity or abnormal clinical chemistry or hematological effects. Daily oral doses of 250 - 1000 mg/kg were used to evaluate the treatment effects in hyperglycemic (alloxan-induced and glibenclamide-controlled), hyperlipidemic (cholesterol-induced and atorvastatin-controlled), and hypertensive (L-NAME-induced and enalapril-controlled) rat models. Alloxan-induced hyperglycemia was reduced in a dose-dependent manner within 28 days or less. Cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rats exhibited dose-dependent reductions in cholesterol and triglycerides at 21 days. Furthermore, GlucoMedix® produced a dose-dependent decrease in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats at 28 days.Conclusions: The five in vivo rat models revealed that the all-natural phytotherapy GlucoMedix® is a safe and effective treatment for hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. This extract is expected to affect multiple comorbidities of Metabolic Syndrome, without any acute or subacute oral toxicity in humans. Although multiple prescription drugs are well known for the treatment of individual comorbidities of Metabolic Syndrome, no drug monotherapy concurrently treats all three comorbidities.
Increased Lateral and Medial Femoral Posterior Radius Ratios Are Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Fu Chunxu , Fan Xuguo , Jiang Shigang , Wang Junsen , Li Tong , Kang Kai , Gao Shijun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Many studies have shown that the distal femoral sagittal morphological characteristics had a clear relationship with knee joint kinematics. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between distal femoral sagittal morphological characteristics and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.
Methods
A retrospective case-control study of 148 patients was conducted. Two age- and sex-matched cohorts (each n = 74) were analysed: a noncontact ACL injury group and a control group. The lateral femoral posterior radius (LFPR), medial femoral posterior radius (MFPR), lateral height of the distal femur (LH), medial height of the distal femur (MH), lateral femoral anteroposterior diameter (LFAP), medial femoral anteroposterior diameter (MFAP), lateral femoral posterior radius ratio (LFPRR), and medial femoral posterior radius ratio (MFPRR) were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the LFPRR and MFPRR in predicting ACL injury.
Results
Compared with patients in the control group, patients in the ACL injury group had an increased LFPR, MFPR, MFAP, LFPRR, and MFPRR. ROC curve analysis revealed that an increased LFPRR above 31.7% was associated with noncontact ACL injury, with a sensitivity of 78.4% and a specificity of 58.1%, and an increased MFPRR above 33.4% was associated with noncontact ACL injury, with a sensitivity of 58.1% and a specificity of 70.3%.
Conclusion
This study showed that increased LFPRR and MFPRR were risk factors for noncontact ACL injury. These data could help identify individuals susceptible to ACL injuries.
The Dynamic Coupling Nexus Among Inclusive Green Growth: A Case Study in Western Yangtze River Delta of China
Authors: Cao Jia lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Inclusive Green growth (IGG) offers an effective alternative to pursue sustainable development. The core of the IGG system lies in the coordination of inclusive, green, and growth subsystems. However, there is little quantitative assessment on IGG based on subsystem collaboration. This paper explores the dynamic coupling IGG nexus in western Yangtze River Delta of China from 2009 to 2018, by using the entropy weight approach (EWA), coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) and obstacle factor diagnostic model (OFDM). The results show that: (1) The integrated approach can allow assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamic coupling nexus of IGG subsystems; (2) At the provincial level, a relatively high IGG performance and a low coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the IGG nexus are seen. The impact of indicators on the coordinated development of IGG can be divided into two stages; (3) At the prefectural level, the cities in which CCD is rising outnumber those it is falling. However, the CCD is also low, and the gap among the regions is getting wider. The obstacles that affect the CCD of cities see a dynamic evolution trend from “inclusive obstacle type” to “inclusive and growth obstacle type” then to “green obstacle type” over the decade.
Generation of a Mitochondrial Protein Compendium in Dictyostelium Discoideum
Authors: Freitas Anna V , Herb Jake T , Pan Miao , Cheng Yong , Gucek Marjan , Jin Tian , Xu Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is a well-established model to study numerous cellular processes including cell motility, chemotaxis, and differentiation. As energy metabolism is involved in these processes, mitochondrial genetics and bioenergetics are of interest, though many features of Dictyostelium mitochondria differ from metazoans. A comprehensive inventory of mitochondrial proteins is critical to understanding mitochondrial processes and their involvement in various cellular pathways. Here, we utilized high-throughput multiplexed protein quantitation and homology analyses to generate a high-confidence mitochondrial protein compendium. Our proteomic approach, which utilizes quantitative mass spectrometry in combination with mathematical modeling, was validated through mitochondrial targeting sequence prediction and live-cell imaging. Our final compendium consists of 1082 proteins. Within our D. discoideum mitochondrial proteome, we identify many proteins that are not present in humans, yeasts, or the ancestral alpha-proteobacteria, which can serve as a foundation for future investigations into the unique mitochondria of Dictyostelium. Additionally, we leverage our compendium to highlight the complexity of metabolic reprogramming during starvation-induced development. Our compendium lays a foundation to investigate mitochondrial processes that are unique in protists, as well as for future studies to understand the functions of conserved mitochondrial proteins in health and diseases using D. discoideum as the model.
Women’s Perception of Attractiveness of Men’s Faces Inversely Correlates with Men’s Serum Testosterone During the Fertility Phase of the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Krejza Jaroslaw , Śledziewski Rafał , Tabedzki Marek , Chen Rong , Krzystanek Ewa , Arkuszewski Michal , Odachowska Magdalena , Kwiatkowska Kinga , Marynowska Marcelina , Rogowski Maciej , Ustymowicz Andrzej 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The attractiveness of the human face may signal the genetic suitability of a mate. The ‘ovulatory shift hypothesis’ postulates that women in the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle prefer faces of masculine men that signal ‘good genes’, whereas in the non-fertile phase they prefer good parental providers. We studied relationships between serum total testosterone and face attractiveness of 77 healthy men (20-29 years, mean±SD 22.44±1.79) as rated by 19 healthy women (20-27 years, mean±SD 22.84±1.96) on day 13 of their menstrual cycle. Using advanced Bayesian multilevel modeling we showed that the attractiveness of faces is negatively associated with the concentration of serum testosterone in the men, even taking into account the concentration of serum estrogen in the raters. The average face composited from images of 39 faces rated above pool median attractiveness rate, was slightly narrower than the average face composited from 38 less attractive faces. Our results challenge the ‘ovulatory shift hypothesis’ as faces of males with higher circulating testosterone were rated as less attractive than faces of males with lower testosterone by women on the fertile phase of the cycle.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Represses the Early Immune Response Against Murine Cytomegalovirus but Enhances NK Cell Effector Function
Authors: Wu Shuting , Wang Lili , Peng Hongyan , Zhang Shuju , Yang Qinglan , Huang Minghui , Li Yana , Guan Shuzhen , Jiang Wenjuan , Zhang Zhaohui , Bi Qinghua , Li Liping , Gao Yuan , Xiong Peiwen , Zhong Zhaoyang , Xu Bo , Deng Yafei , Deng Youcai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation is beneficial for several chronic diseases; however, its effect on immune regulation is still debated. Given the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and because natural killer (NK) cells are the component of innate immunity critical for controlling CMV infection, the current study explored the effect of a DHA-enriched diet on susceptibility and the NK cell effector response to murine (M) CMV infection.
Results
Male C57BL/6 mice fed a control or DHA-enriched diet for 3 weeks were infected with MCMV and sacrificed at the indicated time points postinfection. Compared with control mice, DHA-fed mice had higher liver and spleen viral loads on day 7 postinfection, but final MCMV clearance was not affected. The ratio and total numbers of NK cells and their terminal mature cell subset (KLRG1+ and Ly49H+ NK cells) were reduced compared with those in control mice on day 7 but not day 21 postinfection. DHA feeding resulted in higher IFN-γ and granzyme B expression in splenic NK cells on day 7 postinfection. A mechanistic analysis showed that the splenic NK cells of DHA-fed mice showed enhanced glucose uptake, increased CD71 and CD98 expression, and higher mitochondrial mass and activity than those of control mice. In addition, DHA-fed mice showed reductions in the total numbers and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Conclusions
These results suggest that DHA supplementation represses the early response to CMV infection but preserves NK cell effector functions by improving mitochondrial activity, which may play critical roles in subsequent MCMV clearance.
Preclinical and Clinical Studies of p38α MAP kinase inhibition to Treat Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Dysfunction and Degeneration
Authors: Alam John , Nixon Ralph , Jiang Ying , Gomperts Stephen , Maruff Paul , Lemstra Afina , Germann Ursula , Stavrides Philip , Darji Sandipkumar , Malampati Sandeep , Peddy James , Bleiwas Cynthia , Plawik Monika , Pensalfini Anna , Yang Dun-Sheng , Subbanna Shivakumar , Basavarajappa Balapal , Smiley John , Gardner Amanda , Blackburn Kelly , Prins Niels , Teunissen Charlotte , Harrison John , Scheltens Philip 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The endosome-associated protein Rab5 is a central player in the molecular mechanisms leading to degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCN), a long-standing target for drug development. As p38α kinase is a Rab-5 activator, we hypothesized that inhibition of this kinase held potential as an approach to treat diseases associated with BFCN loss. Herein we report that treatment with an oral small molecule p38α kinase inhibitor reversed pathological disease progression in the basal forebrain in a mouse model that develops BFCN degeneration. Further, the preclinical results were successfully translated to the clinic, with improvement of clinical outcomes associated with cholinergic function in a clinical study in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), a disease in which BFCN dysfunction and degeneration is the primary driver of disease expression. The findings both advances a novel approach to treating DLB and validates the translational platform that provided the mechanistic rationale for advancing that approach.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Potyvirus Infecting Miscanthus Sinensis (Silver Grass)
Authors: Leblanc Zacharie , Gauthier Marie-Emilie , Lelwala Ruvini , Elliott Candace , McMaster Cassie , Eichner Robin , Davis Kevin , Liefting Lia , Thompson Jeremy , Dinsdale Adrian , Whattam Mark , Pattemore Julie , Barrero Roberto Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Here, we describe the full-length genome sequence of a novel potyvirus, tentatively named “miscanthus sinensis mosaic virus” (MsiMV), isolated from Miscanthus sinensis (silver grass) held in a post entry quarantine facility following its initial import into Western Australia, Australia. The MsiMV genome encompasses 9604 nucleotides (nt) encoding a 3071 amino acids (aa) polyprotein with conserved sequence motifs. The MsiMV genome is most closely related to sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) with 74% nt and 78.5% aa sequence identity to the SrMV polyprotein region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein grouped MsiMV with SrMV, sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV). This is the first report of a novel monopartite ssRNA virus in Miscanthus sinensis related to members of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae.
Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Pyridine in Water Using Zinc Porphyrin Incorporated in a Transparent Hydrophobic Film
Authors: Sasai Ryo , Aoyama Yu-hei , Fujimura Takuya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and zinc meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) incorporated in a transparent layered double hydroxide (LDH) film modified with 1-decanesulfonate (C10S) in an aqueous solution. The equilibrium constant (K11) of the axial coordination reaction between pyridine and ZnTPPS incorporated in the transparent ZnTPPS/C10S/LDH film was approximately 260 times that of the corresponding reaction in an aqueous solution. The hydrophobisation of the LDH interlayer space by C10S, which led to the elimination of water molecules surrounding ZnTPPS and enabled the accumulation of pyridine molecules, was responsible for such a significant increase in the K11 value. The developed film can detect pyridine in aqueous solutions with ultra-high sensitivity in the order of 10−5 mol/L through changes in the colour tone, which is comparable to the molecular detection ability of insect antennae. The sensing response was also observed at pyridine concentrations as low as 10−9 mol/L.