bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Wheat-infecting Virus in Family Betaflexiviridae
Authors: Wu Jianxiang , Fu Shuai , He Mengzhu , Sun Bingjian , Zhou Xueping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Wheat plants showing yellow mosaic in leaves and stunting were observed and collected from wheat fields in the Henan Province, China. Analyses of these plants through transmission electron microscopy showed that these plants contained two filamentous virus-like particles of 200–500 nm and 1000–1300 nm long, respectively. RNA-seq result unveiled a co-infection of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and an unknown wheat-infecting virus. The complete genome sequence of the unknown virus is 8,410 nucleotide long, excluding its 3’ end poly (A) tail. This unknown virus has six open reading frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes a putative viral replication-associated protein, and the ORF2, 3 and 4 encode the triple gene block (TGB) proteins. The ORF5 and 6 encode the capsid protein (CP) and a protein with unknown function, respectively. Phylogenetic relationship analyses showed that this novel virus is evolutionarily related to viruses in the subfamily Quinvirinae, family Betaflexiviridae. It is, however, distinctly different from the viruses in other genera. Based on the species and genus demarcation criteria set by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), we tentatively name this novel virus as wheat yellow stunt-associated betaflexivirus (WYSaBV). We also propose WYSaBV as a new member in a new genus in the family Betaflexiviridae.
Prediction of Network Security Situation Awareness based on an Improved Model Combined with Neural Network
Authors: Yuan Li 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
People always pay attention to the security of the network. This paper mainly analyzed the problem of network security situation prediction (NSSP). The Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was improved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and a modified PSO (MPSO)-RBF algorithm was obtained, which was used as the prediction model. Then, the data from National Internet Emergency Center (CNCERT/CC) were used as the experimental data, and the MPSO-RBF algorithm was compared with RBF and PSO-RBF algorithms. The results showed that the MPSO-RBF algorithm could achieve convergence in about 50 times of iterations, showing a high calculation efficiency, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value, mean square error (MSE) value, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) value were small, 2.13%, 0.0005, and 0.0224, respectively, showing that the algorithm had good prediction performance. The results verify the reliability of the MPSO-RBF algorithm in NSSP, which is conducive to further improve network security.
Cross-scale evaluation of catchment- and global-scale hydrological model simulations of drought characteristics across eight large river catchments
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gosling Simon N , Johnson Matthew F , Zaherpour Jamal , Leng Guoyong , Schmied Hannes Muller , Kupzig Jenny , Breuer Lutz , Hanasaki Naota , Tang Qiuhong , Kumar Rohini , Ostberg Sebastian , Stacke Tobias , Pokhrel Yadu , Wada Yoshihide , Masaki Yoshimitsu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although global- and catchment-scale hydrological models are often shown to accurately simulate long-term runoff time-series, far less is known about their suitability for capturing hydrological extremes, such as droughts. Here we evaluated runoff simulations from nine catchment scale hydrological models (CHMs) and eight global scale hydrological models (GHMs) for eight large catchments: Upper Amazon, Lena, Upper Mississippi, Upper Niger, Rhine, Tagus, Upper Yangtze and Upper Yellow. The simulations were conducted within the framework of phase 2a of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2a). We evaluated the ability of the CHMs, GHMs and their respective ensemble means (Ens-CHM and Ens-GHM) to simulate observed monthly runoff and hydrological droughts over 31 years (1971–2001). Observed and simulated hydrological drought events were identified using the Standardised Runoff Index (SRI) and were classified based on intensity. Our results show that for all eight catchments, CHMs out-performed GHMs in monthly runoff estimation showing a better representation of observed runoff than GHMs. The number of drought events identified under different drought categories (i.e. SRI values of -1 to -1.49, -1.5 to -1.99, and ≤-2) varied significantly between models. All the models, as well as the two ensemble means present limited ability to accurately simulate severe drought events in all eight catchments, in terms of their timing and intensity. By analysing the monthly runoff time-series for several extreme droughts over the historical period, we identify room for improvement in the models so that extreme droughts may ultimately be better represented by both CHMs and GHMs.
Theoretical Investigation on Electronic Structure and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Mixed-Carbene Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes With Different Ancillary Ligand Applied in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Tong , Han Deming , Zhao Lihui , Wang Bao , Shang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the geometrical structure, electronic structure and photophysical properties of a series of mixed-carbene cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with different ancillary ligand have been explored. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) components and energy levels for all studied complexes have been investigated. The lowest lying absorptions were calculated to be at 327, 322, 333, 332 and 332 nm for these complexes, which have the transition configuration of HOMO→LUMO. The lowest energy emissions for these complexes are localized at 413, 399, 498, 418 and 415 nm, respectively, simulated in CH2Cl2 medium at the M062X level. One complex designed could possess the largest radiative decay rate (kr) value and be a potential candidate for blue emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The theoretical study can provide a useful guidance for design and synthesis of new iridium(III) complexes in phosphorescent materials.
Predictors of the Effectiveness of Insulin Pumps in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Neves Joana Camões , Neves João Sérgio , Neves Celestino , Carvalho Davide 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Insulin pump therapy has become the preferential treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D) as it mimics the physiological secretion of insulin better than multiple daily injections. However, not all patients improve with insulin pump therapy. This study aims to determine the predictors of the effectiveness of insulin pumps in T1D.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients who started insulin pumps. Data from four timepoints (before, at 6, 12 and 36 months) were evaluated for outcomes of glycemic control and safety. The association of baseline predictors with outcomes was analyzed using linear and logistic regression models.
Results
We evaluated 136 patients (57.4% females, age 36 ± 12 years, duration of T1D 14 ± 9 years). During the follow-up, there was a mean decrease of HbA1c of 0.9 ± 1.2%. The improvement in HbA1c was independent of sex, age and duration of T1D. Higher baseline HbA1c, family history of diabetes and not being treated with statins were predictors of improvement in HbA1c. Not being treated with statins and higher baseline HbA1c predicted improvement in HbA1c without worsening hypoglycemia. History of hypoglycemia was a predictor of severe hypoglycemia. Family history, higher baseline HbA1c and psychological/psychiatric disorders were predictors of ketoacidosis.
Conclusion
Benefits of insulin pump were independent of sex, age, and duration of T1D. Baseline HbA1c, family history of diabetes, treatment with statins, history of hypoglycemia and psychological/psychiatric disorders were predictors of outcomes and may allow the identification of patients who benefit most from insulin pump therapy or who are at increased risk of complications.
The Quality of Service Provision to Newborns in the Primary Healthcare, West Gojjam Zone, North-West of Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Birhanu Bizuhan Gelaw , Mathibe-Neke Johanna Mmabojalwa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: During 2019, neonatal conditions in Ethiopia accounted for 56% of under-5 deaths, with 33 neonatal deaths occurring for every 1,000 live births. More than 80% of all newborns deaths are caused by preventable and treatable conditions with available interventions. In Ethiopia, mortality rates for newborn babies have remained stubbornly high over the decades. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were administered to 221 health workers and health extension workers in 142 health facilities from April to July 2017. Data was entered in the EpiData 3.1, exported to SPSS and STATA for analysis. Results: Out of the ten quality of newborn care variables, 8.7 [95%CI: 6.03-11.303], the highest mean was achieved by primary hospitals, followed by urban health centres with a 6.4 mean [95%CI:5.168-7.601]. However, nearly half of the rural health centres were providing quality of newborn care at the mean of 5.7 [95%CI: 5.152-6.18], and below half was provided by health posts, 4.5 [95%CI: 3.867-5.116]. From the seven emergency newborn care signal functions, primary hospitals had a higher mean score, 6.3 [95%CI: 6.007-7.325] and rural health centres had a lowest mean score, 2.3 [95%CI: 2.043-2.623]. The availability of essential equipment is also significantly associated with the quality of neonatal care provision in the health facilities (p < 0.05). Overall, the effectiveness of the neonatal healthcare services has a significant association with the health facilitates readiness score [95%CI: 0.134-0.768]. Conclusion: The quality of newborn care was high at the higher-level health facilities and lower in the lower level health facilities such as rural health centres and health posts; where these facilities are designed to provide the newborn care services to the majority of the rural communities. In addition, the provision of emergency newborn care signal functions were critically low in rural health centres where these are a referral receiving health facilities from health posts. Thus, the rural health centres and health posts should be targeted to improve their readiness to provide the quality of services for newborns as per their expected level of care.
Optimization of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Schistosoma Mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) Detection in Biomphalaria spp. from Endemic Areas for Schistosomiasis in Brazil
Authors: Mesquita Silvia Gonçalves , Neves Floria Gabriela dos Santos , Scholte Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho , Carvalho Omar dos Santos , Fonseca Cristina Toscano , Caldeira Roberta Lima 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis mansoni is a neglected tropical disease endemic in Brazil caused by Schistosoma mansoni, which is transmitted by Biomphalaria snails. Among all measures to control and eliminate the disease, accurate mapping and monitoring of snail breeding sites for susceptible and/or infected hosts in endemic areas are recommended. Parasitological methods are frequently used to identify infected snails, although they have many limitations, often providing false-negative results. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a promising alternative method for a more sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective diagnosis. However, standardization of LAMP assays is challenging due to the variety of parasites that are co-endemic with S. mansoni, and their varying prevalence rates in different areas. In this work, we aimed to optimize a LAMP assay for the detection of S. mansoni in Biomphalaria snails from endemic areas in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A total of 1,001 snails were collected in five municipalities of the Mucuri and Jequitinhonha Valleys. Snails were pooled and squeezed according to the collection site to detect the presence of the larval forms of S. mansoni and other trematodes. Pooled snails were submitted to pepsin digestion and DNA extraction. Then molecular assays were performed for the species-specific identification and characterization of the samples. A LAMP assay was optimized and validated using laboratory and field samples. Results: Using the parasitological method, S. mansoni cercariae were detected in snails from two collection sites. Biomphalaria glabrata, the main snail host of S. mansoni in Brazil, was detected in 72.2% of the collection sites by PCR-RFLP. Multiplex PCR, LS-PCR, and conventional PCR allowed the detection of positive snails in four additional sites. The optimized LAMP assay was effective in detecting the presence of S. mansoni infection with 100% sensitivity, 91.66% specificity, and a Kappa index of 0.88, when compared to LS-PCR and conventional PCR. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that LAMP is a good alternative for the detection and monitoring of transmission foci of S. mansoni, as it enabled the detection of infection three times more than the parasitological examination and is more applicable directly in the field when compared to other molecular approaches.
HER2-Low Status and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2 Negative Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Leite Luciana de Moura , Cesca Marcelle Goldner , Tavares Monique Celeste , Santana Debora Maciel , Saldanha Erick Figueiredo , Guimarães Paula Tavares , Sá Daniella Dias Silva , Simões Maria Fernanda Evangelista , Viana Rafael Lima , Rocha Francisca Giselle , Loose Simone Klog , Silva Sinara Figueiredo , Pirolli Rafaela , Fogassa Camilla Albina Zanco , Mattos Bruna Raphaeli Silva , Campos Fernando Augusto Batista , Sanches Solange Moraes , de Lima Vladmir Cláudio Cordeiro , Pondé Noam Falbel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Recently, phase I studies with novel antibody drug conjugates targeting HER2 suggested benefit in HER2-low patients – defined as immunohistochemistry(IHC) +1 or +2 FISH/ISH non-amplified, with advanced breast cancer(BC). Data on the prognostic value of HER2-low in early stage disease is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of HER2-low status on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT) and survival outcomes in early stage HER2- negative BC. Methods: Records from all BC patients treated with NACT from January 2007 to December 2018 in a single cancer center were retrospectively reviewed. Primary objective was to compare differences between pathologic complete response(pCR) and relapse free survival(RFS) in luminal HER2-low/HER2-0 and triple negative(TNBC) HER2-low/HER2-0. Results: 855 non-HER2-positive patients were identified. Median follow-up was 59 months. 542 had luminal BC (63.4%) and 313 TNBC (36.6%). 285 (33.3%) were HER2-low. Among luminal tumors, 145 had HER2 IHC+1 (26.8%) and 91 IHC+2/ISH non-amplified (16.8%). In TNBC, only 36 had HER2 IHC+1 (11.5%) and 13 IHC+2/ISH non-amplified (4.2%). Among luminal/HER2-low and luminal/HER2-0 population, there was a high proportion of clinical T3/4 (61.5% vs 69.2%, p=0.053), node positive (74.2% vs 66.3%, p=0.27) and stage III tumors (63.1% vs 65%, p=0.51). The same was true TNBC/HER-low as compared to TNBC/HER2-0, despite a non-statistically significant higher cT4 among TNBC/HER-low (32.7% vs. 19.3%, p=0.17). pCR was 13% in luminal/HER2-low versus 9.5% in luminal/HER2-0 (p=0.27), and 51% in TNBC/HER2-low versus 47% in TNBC/HER2-0 (p=0.64). 5y RFS was 72.1% in luminal/HER2-low and 71.7% in luminal/HER2-0 (p=0.47), and 75.6% in TNBC/HER2-low versus 70.8% in TNBC/HER2-0 (p=0.23). HER2-low status was not associated with RFS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.83, 95%CI 0.6–1.11, p=0.21). Conclusion: Our data does not support HER2-low as a biologically distinct BC subtype, with no predictive effect on pCR after NACT nor prognostic value on survival outcomes.
Chemically Characterized Nanoencapsulated Homalomena aromatica Schott. Essential oil as Green Preservative Against Fungal and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination of Stored Spices based on in Vitro and in Situ Efficacy and Favourable Safety Profile on Mice
Authors: Tiwari Shikha , Upadhyay Neha , Singh Bijendra Kumar , Singh Vipin Kumar , Dubey Nawal Kishore 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Present study deals with the efficacy of nanoencapsulated Homalomena aromatica essential oil (HAEO) as a potent green preservative against toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain (AF-LHP-NS 7), AFB1 and free radical mediated deterioration of stored spices. GC-MS analysis revealed linalool (68.51%) as the major component of HAEO. HAEO was encapsulated into chitosan nanomatrix (CS-HAEO-Ne) and characterized through SEM, FTIR and XRD. CS-HAEO-Ne completely inhibited A. flavus growth and AFB1 biosynthesis at 1.25 µL/mL and 1.0 µL/mL, respectively in comparison to unencapsulated HAEO (1.75 µL/mL and 1.25 µL/mL respectively). CS-HAEO-Ne exhibited superior antioxidant efficacy (IC50 (DPPH) = 4.5 µL/mL) over unencapsulated HAEO (IC50 (DPPH) = 15.9 µL/mL). Further, CS-HAEO-Ne caused significant reduction in ergosterol content in treated A. flavus and provoked leakage of cellular ions (Ca+ 2, Mg+ 2 and K+) as well as 260 nm and 280 nm absorbing materials. Depletion of methylglyoxal level in treated A. flavus cells deals with the novel antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of CS-HAEO-Ne. CS-HAEO-Ne depicted excellent in situ efficacy by inhibiting mold attack and AFB1 contamination, mineral preservation and acceptable sensorial profile. Moreover, broad safety paradigm (LD50 value = 8006.84 µL/kg) of CS-HAEO-Ne also suggest it as novel green preservative to enhance shelf life of stored spices.
Life Cycle Assessment of Rice Bran Oil Production: A Case Study in China
Authors: Sun Lihui , Wang Yuying , Gong Yuqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Environmental problems caused by the food processing industry have always been one of the concerns for the public. Herein, for the first time, a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to evaluate the environmental impact of rice bran oil production. Four subsystems namely transportation of the raw rice bran to oil factory, crude oil extraction, oil refining as well as oil storage were established. The product sustainability software GaBi and the method CML 2001-Jan. 2016 were used to calculate and analyze the environmental burdens at each stage of the rice bran oil production chain. The results show the oil refining stage had the greatest environmental impact, followed by the oil extraction stage. High demands for coal and electricity, make a critical difference in generating vast majority of environmental impacts. Modifying the electricity source and replacing traditional fuels with cleaner ones will do bring benefits to the sustainable development of the industry.
Prediction of radiation pneumonitis after definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer using multi-region radiomics analysis
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Imano Nobuki , Nishioka Riku , Ogawa Kouta , Kimura Tomoki , Nakashima Taku , Iawamoto Hiroshi , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hattori Noboru , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective To predict grade 2 radiation pneumonitis (RP) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with high accuracy by using multi-region radiomics analysis.Material and Methods Data from 77 patients with NSCLC who underwent definitive radiotherapy from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed. Radiomic feature extraction from the whole lung (whole-lung radiomics analysis) and imaging- and dosimetric-based segmentation (multi-region radiomics analysis) were performed. The data were split into 2 sets: 54 tumors for model training and 23 tumors for model testing. Patients with RP grade ≥2 or RP grade <2 was classified. Models were built with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and applied to the set of candidate predictors. To build predictive models with clinical features, machine-learning methods with neural network classifiers were used. The precision, accuracy, and sensitivity by generating confusion matrices and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each model were evaluated. Results A total of 49383 radiomics features per patient image were extracted from the radiotherapy planning computed tomography scan. We identified 4 features selected in the whole-lung radiomics analysis and 13 radiomics features selected in the multi-region radiomics analysis for the classification. Out of 13 features, the median and high-dose region were selected from the shape analysis. The features of local intensity roughness and variation were selected from the statistical and texture analysis. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and AUC were 80.1%, 79.2%, 88.9%, and 0.84 for our new method of multi-region radiomics analysis, respectively, which was improved from 60.8%, 64.6%, 53.8%, and 0.62 for whole-lung radiomics analysis. Conclusions The developed multi-region radiomics analysis can help predict grade 2 RP for NSCLC after definitive radiotherapy. The radiomics features in the median- and high-dose regions, and that of local intensity roughness and variation were important factors in predicting grade 2 RP.
Performance Analysis of Vertically Stacked Nanosheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor with Ideal Subthreshold Swing
Authors: Jain Garima , Sawhney Ravinder Singh , Kumar Ravinder , Saini Amit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a novel vertically stacked silicon Nanosheet Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (NS-TFET) device scaled to a gate length of 12nm with Contact poly pitch (CPP) of 48nm is simulated. NS-TFET device is investigated for its electrostatics characteristics using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulator. The inter-band tunneling mechanism with a P-I-N layout has been incorporated in the stacked nanosheet devices. The asymmetric design technique for doping has been used for optimum results. NS-TFET provides a low leakage current of order10-16 A, an excellent subthreshold swing (SW) of 23mv/decade, and negligible drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) having a value of 10.5 mv/V. The notable ON to OFF current ratio of the order of 1011 has been achieved. The device exhibits a high transconductance of 3.022x10-5 S at the gate to source voltage of 1V. NS-TFET shows tremendous improvement in short channel effects (SCE) and is a good option for advanced technologies.