bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine risk factors for COVID-19: Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid excess
Authors: Vogel Frederick , Reincke Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients with endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess exhibit a range of side effects, including an increased risk of infections. Via both mechanism, immune impairments and cardiometabolic concomitant diseases, patients with GC excess could be at increased risk for COVID-19. The impact on incidence and outcome of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population are not yet completely clear. This review aims to compile the data available to date and to discuss the existing literature on this topic. Further we highlight potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as the influence of endogenous or exogenous GC excess on SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. There is growing evidence suggesting an increased risk of infection and severe outcome in patients with high-dose GC therapy after contracting SARS-CoV-2. The few data and case reports on patients with endogenous GC excess and SARS-CoV-2 infection point in a similar direction: chronic GC excess seems to be associated with an unfavorable course of COVID-19. Whether this is mainly a primary immune-mediated effect, or also triggered by the many GC-associated comorbidities in this population, is not yet fully understood. Patients with endogenous or exogenous GC excess should be considered as a vulnerable group during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Regardless of the cause, vaccination and consistent surveillance and control of associated comorbidities are recommended.
Learning from machine learning: prediction of age-related athletic performance decline trajectories
Authors: Hoog Antink Christoph , Braczynski Anne K. , Ganse Bergita 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFactors that determine individual age-related decline rates in physical performance are poorly understood and prediction poses a challenge. Linear and quadratic regression models are usually applied, but often show high prediction errors for individual athletes. Machine learning approaches may deliver more accurate predictions and help to identify factors that determine performance decline rates. We hypothesized that it is possible to predict the performance development of a master athlete from a single measurement, that prediction by a machine learning approach is superior to prediction by the average decline curve or an individually shifted decline curve, and that athletes with a higher starting performance show a slower performance decline than those with a lower performance. The machine learning approach was implemented using a multilayer neuronal network. Results showed that performance prediction from a single measurement is possible and that the prediction by a machine learning approach was superior to the other models. The estimated performance decline rate was highest in athletes with a high starting performance and a low starting age, as well as in those with a low starting performance and high starting age, while the lowest decline rate was found for athletes with a high starting performance and a high starting age. Machine learning was superior and predicted trajectories with significantly lower prediction errors compared to conventional approaches. New insights into factors determining decline trajectories were identified by visualization of the model outputs. Machine learning models may be useful in revealing unknown factors that determine the age-related performance decline.
Genetic structure and diversity of the mustard hill coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract
Authors: Gallery Dominique N. , Green Michelle L. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Lenz Elizabeth A. , Toth Lauren T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIncreases in local and global stressors have led to major declines in coral populations throughout the western Atlantic. While abundances of other species have declined, however, the relative abundance of the mustard hill coral,Porites astreoides, has increased.Porites astreoidesis relatively resilient to some stressors, and because of its mixed reproductive strategies, its populations often recover quickly following disturbances. The ability forP. astreoidesto continue as a potential “winner” in western Atlantic reefs relies on maintaining sufficient genetic variation within populations to support acclimatization and adaptation to current and future environmental change. Without high genetic diversity and gene flow within the population, it would have limited capacity for adaptation and the species’ competitive advantages could be short-lived. In this study, we determined the genetic relatedness of 37P. astreoidescolonies at four shallow reefs along the offshore Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), a region particularly hard-hit by recent disturbances. Using previously designed microsatellite markers, we determined the genetic diversity and connectivity of individuals among and between sites. Our results suggest that the FKRT likely contains a single, well-mixed genetic population ofP. astreoides, with high levels of gene flow and evidence for larval migration throughout the region. This suggests that regional populations ofP. astreoideslikely have a higher chance of maintaining resilience than many other western Atlantic species as they face current and future disturbances.
Contribution of traditional fermented foods to food systems transformation: value addition and inclusive entrepreneurship
Authors: Materia Valentina C , Linnemann Anita R , Smid Eddy J , Schoustra Sijmen E 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo date, many efforts to eradicate hunger include increasing agricultural production, processing of raw materials and supplementation, and fortification of foods. Locally produced foods represent a significant part of Food Systems as they contribute to tackling hunger and malnutrition. However, few studies have investigated the processing of traditional fermented foods at household level as a means to improve nutrition and triggering inclusive entrepreneurship, two crucial dimensions Food Systems build on. Fermentation is an ancient processing technique that relies on transformation of raw materials by microbial activity and is mainly undertaken by women. This paper posits that upscaling small scale fermented food processing activities while enhancing functional food properties and fostering women entrepreneurship contributes to prevention of food losses, promotion of nutrition and health, and entrepreneurial opportunities for current processors. This is key for effective policy interventions to foster food security in challenging contexts.⨪.
Soziodemografische Herkunft, Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Studienwahlmotive von Studierenden der Sozialen Arbeit – Anregungen und Hinweise für die Ausgestaltung der Förderung der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung in der Hochschulausbildung
Authors: Pulver Caroline , Matti Thomas 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungPersönlichkeitsentwicklung in der Sozialen Arbeit ist ein zentrales Thema. Für eine gezielte Förderung der Entwicklung im Rahmen des Studiums ist ein besseres Verständnis, wer sich für ein Studium in Sozialer Arbeit entscheidet und welche Vorerfahrungen diese Studierenden mitbringen, notwendig. Diese Überlegungen markieren auch den Beginn der Verlaufsstudie der Berner Fachhochschule (BFH), aus welcher im folgenden Artikel erste Ergebnisse präsentiert werden.Im Vordergrund der ersten Teilstudie, der als Kohorten- und Panelstudie konzipierten Verlaufsstudie, stehen Fragen zur soziokulturellen Herkunft, zum Bildungshintergrund, zu Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und zur Motivation des Studienentscheids der Studierenden.Aus den gewonnenen Daten lassen sich verschiedene Themen herauslesen, die für die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung an der Hochschule voraussetzungsvoll sind: Der Studiengang Soziale Arbeit ist auffällig geschlechtersegregiert. Zudem deuten die schulische Vorbildung der Studierenden und der Bildungshintergrund der Eltern auf eine starke Berufsorientierung hin (im Gegensatz zu einer stark akademischen Orientierung), was für die Planung der Lernstrategien und -erfahrungen an der Hochschule wichtig ist. Ausgehend von den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen der Studierenden können Fähigkeiten und Stärken von Studierenden detektiert werden und als Einstiegs- oder Anschlusspunkt für die weitere Persönlichkeitsentwicklung genutzt werden. Die Studienwahlmotive von Studierenden hängen immer auch mit Lebenserfahrungen und Lebensrealitäten zusammen. Die Motivation sich zu entwickeln, ist bereits Bestandteil der Studienwahlmotivation und kann für eine tragfähige Persönlichkeitsentwicklung nutzbar gemacht werden.
Prostate Cancer Ultrasound: Is Still a Valid Tool?
Authors: Carpagnano F. A. , Eusebi L. , Carriero S. , Giannubilo W. , Bartelli F. , Guglielmi G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe main purpose of this paper review is to highlight the latest ultrasound (US) imaging technologies of the prostate gland, an organ increasingly at the center of attention in the field of oncological diseases of the male sex, which needs a 360° evaluation in order to obtain tailored therapeutic planning. Specialist urological evaluation is designated for this purpose, together with integrated prostate imaging which currently tends to focus more and more on the use of US imaging and its state-of-the-art technologies in iconographic diagnosis, biopsy and, sometimes, treatment of prostatic cancer.Recent FindingsIn particular, the main tools to which reference is made, represent a valid aid to basic US technologies already widely known and diffused, like the grayscale US or the Doppler US, for a "multiparametric" evaluation of the prostate cancer. The concept of multiparametricity is explained by the integration of prostate imaging obtained both with the US evaluation of the gland before and after administration of contrast medium, with the elaboration of parametric maps of quantitative measurement of the enhancement, and with elastography that provides information about the tissue consistency, a finding that strongly relates with the degree of cellularity and with the tumor grading.SummaryProstate cancer screening consists of dosing serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and performing digit-rectal examination (DRE), more or less associated with transrectal prostate ultrasound (TRUS). However, although these are the most common techniques in clinical practice, they have numerous limitations and make the diagnosis of prostate cancer often challenging. The purpose of mp-US is to enrich the clinical-laboratory data and, above all, the standard US imaging with further details to strengthen the suspicion of malignancy of a prostate tumor, which needs to be addressed to diagnostic deepening with biopsy. This review article provides a summary of the current evidence on mp-US imaging in the evaluation of a clinically significant prostate cancer, comparing the data obtained to the imaging of mp-MRI, the reference tool both in diagnosis and staging.
Diagnostic and Classification Considerations Related to Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use
Authors: Antons Stephanie , Brand Matthias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
There are ongoing debates about specific features of compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) relating to classification and diagnoses. We aim to address current discussions relating to potential subtypes of CSBD, the aspect of compulsivity in CSBD, and the aspect of moral incongruence and CSBD.

Recent Findings
CSBD includes multiple specific sexual behaviors that might be related to specific psychological processes. Problematic pornography use may be considered a subtype of CSBD, which may have multiple parallels with addictive behaviors. The feature of compulsivity in CSBD may be different from compulsivity in other disorders and may be differently involved in early versus later stages of CSBD. Moral incongruence is important to consider in the context of CSBD, although moral disapproval is not a general exclusion criterion for diagnosing CSBD.

Summary
Considering the current debates of specific features of CSBD, future research and clinical practice may benefit from a trans-diagnostic approach to contribute to a more fine-grained understanding of the multiple facets of CSBD.
A Review on Metal- and Metal Oxide-Based Nanozymes: Properties, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Zhang Amin , Wang Ruhao , Zhang Qian , Cui Daxiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSince the ferromagnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were firstly reported to exert enzyme-like activity in 2007, extensive research progress in nanozymes has been made with deep investigation of diverse nanozymes and rapid development of related nanotechnologies. As promising alternatives for natural enzymes, nanozymes have broadened the way toward clinical medicine, food safety, environmental monitoring, and chemical production. The past decade has witnessed the rapid development of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes owing to their remarkable physicochemical properties in parallel with low cost, high stability, and easy storage. It is widely known that the deep study of catalytic activities and mechanism sheds significant influence on the applications of nanozymes. This review digs into the characteristics and intrinsic properties of metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes, especially emphasizing their catalytic mechanism and recent applications in biological analysis, relieving inflammation, antibacterial, and cancer therapy. We also conclude the present challenges and provide insights into the future research of nanozymes constituted of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials.
Partizipation als Veränderung
Authors: Büker Petra , Hüpping Birgit , Zala-Mezö Enikö 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Diskussionsbeitrag problematisiert auf Basis internationaler Forschungsarbeiten sowie unter Einbezug von empirischen Studien der Verfasserinnen das Spannungsfeld konfligierender Ansprüche bei der Umsetzung von Partizipation in Grundschule und partizipationsorientierter Schulforschung. Mithilfe des Analysemodells von Pearce und Wood (2019) werden Partizipationspraxen in Schule und Forschung anhand der Kategorien Dialog, Inklusivität, Intergenerationalität und Transgression geprüft. Dabei werden für beide Systeme „Blinde Flecke“ identifiziert, die insbesondere dann entstehen, wenn die transformatorischen Effekte von Partizipation außer Acht bleiben. Gerade hierüber braucht es einen offenen, reflexiven Dialog zwischen Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus Grundschule und Forschung.
Is routine neck dissection warranted at salvage laryngectomy?
Authors: Sharma S , Chaukar D A , Bal M , D'Cruz A K 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is controversy regarding management of the neck at salvage laryngectomy. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis to determine the incidence of occult node positivity in this group and analyse factors affecting it.MethodA retrospective analysis of 171 patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy between 2000 and 2015 for recurrent or residual disease following definitive non-surgical treatment and were clinico-radiologically node negative at the time salvage laryngectomy was carried out.ResultsA total of 171 patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers underwent concurrent neck dissection at laryngectomy. There were 162 patients (94.7 per cent) who underwent bilateral neck dissection, and 9 patients (5.3 per cent) who underwent ipsilateral neck dissection. The occult lateral nodal metastasis rate was 10.5 per cent. Of various factors, initial node positive disease was the only factor predicting occult metastasis on univariable and multivariable analysis (p =0.001).ConclusionRisk of occult metastasis is high in patients who have node positive disease before starting radiotherapy. This group should be offered elective neck dissection.
Oliver Williamson and the strategic theory of the firm
Authors: Argyres Nicholas , Zenger Todd 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOliver Williamson's contributions to the theory of the firm were of course seminal. Yet, they were not originally formulated to address the central question in strategic management: Why do some firms persistently outperform others in financial terms? We suggest that when Williamson did address this question, his efforts were not compelling. We also suggest, however, that with suitable adjustments, the key mechanisms in Williamson's theory can indeed usefully address this question.
Material Hide‐and‐Seek: Looking for the Resource Savings Due to International Trade of Food Products
Authors: Dombi Mihály , Szakály Zoltán , Kiss Virág Ágnes , Cao Zhi , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdverse environmental effects of international trade are emphasized in the literature frequently. Nevertheless, following a theoretical trade logic, the production of goods in regions with higher resource efficiency may lead to reduced global resource use. In this article, major drivers of food‐related material footprint (MF) are analyzed at the global, regional, and country levels. Changes in consumption, the supply chain's efficiency, and participation in international trade are considered drivers of MF. An index decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the contribution of these factors to the variation of the MF in time. Our results partially prove that the optimization regarding natural resource use may contribute to a lower MF of food consumption. Regions and countries with increasing food imports reinforce their efficiency improvement with the lower resource intensity of imported goods, and the international trade counteracted the effects on additional resource requirements of increasing consumption throughout the analyzed period (1990–2013). Furthermore, the impact of international trade on capital stock is discussed. In line with the descending flow‐type material intensity by approximately 5%, the material composition of the footprint has shifted toward stock building materials. Additionally, the intensity of the trade was found to be negatively correlated with domestic efficiency improvements.
Temporal Variations in Landslide Distributions Following Extreme Events: Implications for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling
Authors: Jones J. N. , Boulton S. J. , Bennett G. L. , Stokes M. , Whitworth M. R. Z. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLandslide susceptibility models are fundamental components of landslide risk management strategies. These models typically assume that landslide occurrence is time‐independent, even though processes including earthquake preconditioning and landslide path dependency transiently impact landslide occurrence. Understanding the temporal characteristics of landslide occurrence remains limited by a lack of systematic investigation into how landslide distributions vary through time, and how this impacts landslide susceptibility. Here, we apply Kolmogorov‐Smirnoff and chi‐square statistics to a 30‐yr inventory of monsoon‐triggered landslides from Nepal to systematically quantify how landslide spatial distributions vary through time in “normal” years and years impacted by extreme events. We then develop binary logistic regression (BLR) susceptibility models for 12 yrs in our inventory with >400 landslides and use area under receiver operator curve validation to assess how well these models can hindcast landslide occurrence in other years. Landslide distributions are found to vary through time, particularly in years impacted by storms (1993 and 2002), earthquakes (2015), and floods (2017). Notably, Gorkha earthquake landscape preconditioning shifted 2015 monsoon‐triggered landslides to higher slopes, reliefs, and excess topographies. These variations significantly impact BLR susceptibility modeling, with models trained on extreme years unable to consistently hindcast landslide occurrence in other years. However, developing BLR models using increasingly long historical inventories shows that susceptibility models developed using >6–8 yrs of landslide data provide consistently good hindcasting accuracy. Overall, our results challenge time‐independent assumptions of landslide susceptibility approaches, highlighting the need for time‐dependent modeling techniques or historical inventories for landslide susceptibility modeling.
Public mental health problems during COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale meta-analysis of the evidence
Authors: Liu Xuerong , Zhu Mengyin , Zhang Rong , Zhang Jingxuan , Zhang Chenyan , Liu Peiwei , Feng Zhengzhi , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed humans to the highest physical and mental risks. Thus, it is becoming a priority to probe the mental health problems experienced during the pandemic in different populations. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence of postpandemic mental health problems. Seventy-one published papers (n = 146,139) from China, the United States, Japan, India, and Turkey were eligible to be included in the data pool. These papers reported results for Chinese, Japanese, Italian, American, Turkish, Indian, Spanish, Greek, and Singaporean populations. The results demonstrated a total prevalence of anxiety symptoms of 32.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.10–36.30) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For depression, a prevalence of 27.60% (95% CI: 24.00–31.60) was found. Further, insomnia was found to have a prevalence of 30.30% (95% CI: 24.60–36.60). Of the total study population, 16.70% (95% CI: 8.90–29.20) experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence of anxiety (63.90%) and depression (55.40%) in confirmed and suspected patients compared with other cohorts. Notably, the prevalence of each symptom in other countries was higher than that in China. Finally, the prevalence of each mental problem differed depending on the measurement tools used. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a fairly large-scale sample and further clarified that the heterogeneous results for these mental health problems may be due to the nonstandardized use of psychometric tools.
Biological significance of monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression
Authors: Quijada-Álamo Miguel , Hernández-Sánchez María , Rodríguez-Vicente Ana-Eugenia , Pérez-Carretero Claudia , Rodríguez-Sánchez Alberto , Martín-Izquierdo Marta , Alonso-Pérez Verónica , García-Tuñón Ignacio , Bastida José María , Vidal-Manceñido María Jesús , Galende Josefina , Aguilar Carlos , Queizán José Antonio , González-Gascón y Marín Isabel , Hernández-Rivas José-Ángel , Benito Rocío , Ordóñez José Luis , Hernández-Rivas Jesús-María 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBIRC3 is monoallelically deleted in up to 80% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases harboring del(11q). In addition, truncating mutations in the remaining allele of this gene can lead to BIRC3 biallelic inactivation, which has been shown to be a marker for reduced survival in CLL. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms by which these lesions could contribute to del(11q) CLL pathogenesis and progression are partially unexplored. We implemented the CRISPR/Cas9-editing system to generate isogenic CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and/or BIRC3 mutations, modeling monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss. Our results reveal that monoallelic BIRC3 deletion in del(11q) cells promotes non-canonical NF-κB signaling activation via RelB-p52 nuclear translocation, being these effects allelic dose-dependent and therefore further enhanced in del(11q) cells with biallelic BIRC3 loss. Moreover, we demonstrate ex vivo in primary cells that del(11q) cases including BIRC3 within their deleted region show evidence of non-canonical NF-κB activation which correlates with high BCL2 levels and enhanced sensitivity to venetoclax. Furthermore, our results show that BIRC3 mutations in del(11q) cells promote clonal advantage in vitro and accelerate leukemic progression in an in vivo xenograft model. Altogether, this work highlights the biological bases underlying disease progression of del(11q) CLL patients harboring BIRC3 deletion and mutation.