bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Intuition into Tourism-Inclusive Growth Nexus in Turkey and Nigeria (1995 – 2018)
Authors: Osinubi Tolulope T. , Ajayi Adedoyin O. , Osinubi Olufemi B. , Olaniyi Clement O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the symmetric and asymmetric causal relationships between tourism and inclusive growth in Turkey and Nigeria over the period 1995Q1-2018Q4. The study employs a bootstrap simulation method with leverage adjustments to achieve the objective of the study. The method is used to see whether positive or negative tourism shocks cause inclusive growth and whether positive or negative inclusive growth shocks cause tourism activity. The results show no evidence of asymmetric causality between tourism and inclusive growth, while there is evidence of symmetric causality running from tourism to inclusive growth in Turkey. On the other hand, there is neither symmetric nor asymmetric causal relationship between tourism and inclusive growth in Nigeria. In sum, both neutrality and tourism-led growth hypothesis hold in Turkey, while Nigeria gives credence to neutrality hypothesis. The recommendations coming from the findings are that the tourism sector in both countries, Nigeria in particular, should be repositioned for better performance and effectiveness in stimulating inclusive growth. Rather than focusing on pro-poor and micro-based tourism policies that favour selected communities and localities, tourism should be included in development plans nationally, in order to ensure wider participation and more encompassing trickle-down effects on the citizenry. Furthermore, both countries should implement policies that will stimulate their tourism sectors for a larger and more significant contribution to real GDP.
Influences of girdling and potassium treatments on fruit quality and some physiological characters of ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety
Authors: Ülker Tuğba , Kamiloğlu Müge Uysal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Growing citrus involves cultural treatments such as girdling and foliar potassium treatment to increase fruit size, yield and quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of single and double stem girdling, potassium nitrate (KNO3) treatment on leaves and combinations of these treatments on the fruit yield, size and quality characteristics, leaf chlorophyll concentration and leaf nitrogen content, leaf fluorescence (PSII) and leaf sugar content of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety. Girdling treatments were applied on the stem by removing 4 mm wide ring of bark at the end of anthesis and after the June fruit drop. Foliar KNO3 applications were applied at a concentration of 4% twice (90 days and 120 days after full anthesis) in the experiment. The single girdling (SG) and double girdling (DG) treatments on stems increased fruit yield (kg · tree−1) by approximately 40% relative to the control (C). Treatments did not significantly affect the internal fruit quality of the ‘Fremont’ mandarin variety except in fruit colour and appearance. The highest impact on fruit size was found in the DG + KNO3 treatment. According to treatments and periods, the SPAD values varied between 62.08 and 70.67, whereas the PSII values varied between 0.698 and 0.756. The treatments significantly increased the leaf nitrogen (N) concentration and the fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations relative to the control. The highest N concentration content was detected in the foliar potassium treatment, and the highest total sugar content was detected in the SG treatment.
Romania’s tourism industry in free fall
Authors: Anghelache Constantin , Anghel Mădălina-Gabriela , Iacob Ştefan Virgil , Dumbravă Ştefan Gabriel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tourism is one of the consistent branches of the national economy, which can ensure some concrete results and a tailor-made contribution to the formation of the Gross Domestic Product. The tourism industry is also called invisible trade in the sense that, although it does not export goods and services, by practicing it, by developing it, it ensures consistent revenues to the state budget, but also ensures the possibility of increasing Gross Domestic Product.
Analysing the current situation of the health and economic-financial crisis, it is found that in 2020 HoReCa, the tourism industry, complementary services have decreased alarmingly. Against this background, tourism has reduced its contribution to the formation of the Gross Domestic Product, which can lead to an even greater decrease.
Investments in tourism are eroding. There is no possibility of refinancing despite support measures provided by the authorities. We say in spite of some measures granted because the postponement of some payments, the postponement of some credits, the transition to technical unemployment and others will be coupled later with other measures with almost devastating effect for the Romanian economy. Thus, many jobs will be lost. On the other hand, tourism companies will not be able to move from technical unemployment to normal activity and give a minimum of six months to those in this situation.
The tourist market practically does not exist because there are only sequential possibilities in which it takes place, but especially under the rule of business activities, which are also considered tourist activities.
The tourist activity materialized through arrivals, overnight stays, arrivals and departures has decreased steadily and this result mainly from the data subject to the study we mentioned. It is necessary to interpret these data and possibly find ways to recover.
Study on the effect of crises on economic correlations and macrostability
Authors: Anghelache Constantin , Anghel Mădălina-Gabriela , Iacob Ştefan Virgil , Grigorescu Dana Luiza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Economic growth is a goal of every country and equally of the European Community. In this sense, all national strategies related and not subordinated to the European Union’s strategy aim at economic growth, which will ensure the improvement of the quality of life. Economic growth is always achieved by the level registered by the Gross Domestic Product (Gross Domestic Product per capita) these being the most important indicators of results calculated at macroeconomic level.
The proper functioning of a country’s economy must be based, first of all, on certain correlations that are established between socio-economic variables, a context in which there must be certain proportions. The evolution of the economy in free market conditions reaches imbalances at certain times, a context in which macroeconomic stability is affected. Most often, crises, regardless of their health, economic, economic or financial nature, have the first effect of affecting macroeconomic stability. In the current conditions, when we face the health crisis, combined with the economic and financial crisis, the macroeconomic imbalance is obvious by not respecting some proportions and correlations, which must be established at the macroeconomic level. The analysis of this aspect of crises and their effect on economic correlations and macrostability is the subject of the study in this article.
Testing the Feldstein Horioka puzzle in Algeria: Maki co-integratioan and hidden causality analysis
Authors: Ayad Hicham , Belmokaddem Mostefa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to test the existence of Feldstein Horioka puzzle in the case of Algerian economy for the period 1970-2019 by examining the link between domestic savings and investments, we use in this paper both the co-integration tests under Gregory-Hansen (1996), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012) tests in the context of structural breaks, and the symmetric and asymmetric causality (hidden causality) proposed by Hacker-Hatemi (2010) and Hatemi (2012) respectively, the results suggest that there is a co-integration relationship between saving and investment with five endogenous structural breaks, and the saving retention coefficient is equal to 0.324 which means the existence of Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in a weaker form and high capital mobility, on the other hand, the results indicate asymmetric causal relationship between savings and investments.
Assessing the entrepreneurial intention in Romania. An approach based on a binomial logistic regression
Authors: Bălă Denisa Elena , Stancu Stelian , Bălă Dragoş 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Entrepreneurship is an increasingly popular activity, spread worldwide. Every year, thousands of individuals choose to start their own business, some of them beginning from college, others after years of experience and activity in other companies, as simple employees. In Romania, entrepreneurial activity is a practice of great interest in society during the last years. But what could be the reasons behind the entrepreneurial intention and decision in Romania? We intend to answer this question using as a starting point the database provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, from which a series of variables considered relevant in line with other studies on this topic will be selected. We will therefore identify what determines Romanians to choose the path of entrepreneurship, but also to what extent. The methodology applied in this paper is the binomial logistic regression. Using this technique, four regression models will be estimated, based on them concluding which are the explanatory factors of the entrepreneurial intent in Romania. The results will show that in Romania some significant factors to explain the preference for entrepreneurship are individuals’ confidence in their own abilities, fear of failure, knowledge of other entrepreneurs, but also occupational status. These records will prove to be in line with the results obtained at the level of other states. However, it will be shown that unlike other nations and societies, in Romania there are no significant differences regarding the entrepreneurial decision in terms of age or gender.
Technical and scale efficiency in Romanian public hospitals: Estimating with Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Caunic Raluca-Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hospitals are a major component of the health systems, due to the complexity of the medical services they deliver and the great resources consumption. They impact the performance of the health systems, the economic policies and the public health. Since performance is a multidimensional concept, the main technique used to get a proxy evaluation of performance in the healthcare sector is Data Envelopment Analysis. DEA measures the efficiency of the healthcare providers and allows comparative analysis to identify the best practice frontier. This study addresses the performance of Romanian public hospitals from the North-Eastern region of the country and measures technical and scale efficiency. DEA basic models were run under the assumptions of constant and variable returns to scale, in an input-oriented evaluation of a sample of 18 public hospitals. The results indicated that most of the hospitals are technically inefficient (89%) and these inefficiencies are in the form of scale inefficiency for 39% of the hospitals. The average efficiency scale value was of 82%, implying that the observed hospitals could have increased their outputs by 18% if they had reached the optimal scale. The conclusion of the paper is that the inefficiency of the compared hospitals is almost equally caused by the inefficient implementation of the production plan and by the divergence of the decision making units from the most productive scale size. This kind of efficiency analyses could support managers when planning hospitals activity and policy makers when planning resources allocation and implementation of new strategies for the health system governance.
Kinetic energies in random vectors
Authors: Daia Alexandru , Stancu Stelian , Suchak Om 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper uses the Onicescu Coefficient concept, which is the sum of squared probabilities, through mathematical formulations to show the kinetic energy in random vectors. The paper has a brief introduction section that addresses the background of the study, the purpose of the study, and its objective. The literature review section provides an in-depth industrial application of mathematical formulations in solving real-life problems. The paper contains a methodology section highlighting the study design, data collection methods, and analysis section, highlighting some of the keywords used in locating resources and significant databases that provided the study with information. Later, the study takes the result and discussion sectional approach to present the experiments’ findings backed with facts from previous studies by other scholars in the same field. Lastly, the paper concludes with a section recapping the critical points of this study and study application in real-life, concluding with a list of references utilized by this study.
Use of Social Networks in Determining stockmarket Evolution
Authors: Dan Flaviu Bogdan , Maer-Matei Monica , Stancu Stelian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article aims to use text mining methods and sentiment analysis to determine the stock market evolution of companies as well as virtual currencies such as Bitcoin. The source of the text is the social media channel Twitter and the text is composed of individual messages sent by users. Although previous papers proved with a degree of certainty that this paper hypothesis is true, as we will see bellow, the area of research was focused only on the professional environment or known opinion makers and not taking into account a high population mass. To ensure that a high level of information is maintained after the sentiment analysis process, we will use multiple algorithms based on different calculation methods and different word dictionaries. In addition, indicators such as the number of assessments, the number of replays etc. will be added to the methodology. By the end of the paper we will be able to both identify a working methodology of analyzing text for the purposes of stock market prediction and also we will touch on the limitations faced when creating it and the ways through which we can expand and improve it’s reliability. The implementation of all these methods and of the multiple dictionaries helped us in simulating human behavior and the differences of opinion, when a group wants to analyze a text. The algorithm becoming a way to balance the different “opinions” that resulted out of the sentiment analysis.
Spatial changes in entrepreneurship in relation to economic crisis and recovery. Insights from Romanian counties
Authors: Goschin Zizi , Druică Elena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Trying to explain the sources of persisting high inequalities in the regional distribution of entrepreneurship in Romania, this paper puts a spotlight on the spatial interactions among neighbour regions in a spatial modelling framework. We explored the interplay of factors that inform the territorial distribution of SMEs by employing various spatial panel data models that not only provided better estimations of the parameters, but also removed the cross – sectional dependence detected in our previous research using classic panel models. We found that the existing regional inequalities in entrepreneurial activity are strongly associated with differences in economic development, gross investments, research and development, age of the population, and and differences in regional resilience to economic crises. Additional useful information was brought about by the computation of direct and indirect effects of these factors of influence.
Using discriminant analysis to study the discrinimation issue of refugees and migrants from MENA region in European countries
Authors: Kobeissi Amira , Bager Ali Sadig Mohammed , Mohammad Hiba 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the last years and after the arrival of a significant number of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees. Foreigners from MENA region started facing numerous issues in the host countries. One of the major issues that the refugees and migrants are facing now adays is discrimination. As most of the studies exposes that this topic is recently debatable among the European governments. Likewise, the literature review on this matter shows that most of the European countries who welcomed refugees in large numbers were more able to understand and keep away factors that drive to discrimination. It is well known that are many factors that lead to discrimination such as the difference in nationalities, religion, and gender. Although there are different places where the migrants and refugees can feel discriminated for instance: public authorities, workplace, schools, and universities. Moving on to the methodology used in this paper is the quantitative method, we conducted an online survey distributed on refugees and youth migrants in both languages (English and Arabic) that are living in European countries. We tried in our survey to ask questions related to discrimination, in order to understand how they are dealing with this issue and to what extent is discrimination affecting them. For that reason, we used the discriminant analysis. the discriminant analysis feature is split into a 2-step process firstly is testing significance of a series of functions that most affect the migrations as the results of the discriminant analysis had shown us that the number of years lived in Europe was directly affected by discrimination, in addition to the classification. As using the discriminant analysis was an efficient way to study the main factors affected by discrimination.
Does the Tax Burden impact the Performance of Companies? A case study for Romania
Authors: Ogneru Victor , Stancu Stelian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the relationship between the total tax amount paid by the Romanian companies and several indicators of size, financial performance, and capital structure to identify whether there is an impact of these indicators on the tax potential and to assess the impact of the tax burden on the performance of companies as well. The total tax amount is viewed on the one hand as a tax burden when it is used as an independent variable, and as tax potential when it is used as a dependent variable. To assess these relationships, we applied cross-sectional regression models for each year of analysis, 2014-2018, using balance sheet data from the entire population of Romanian companies. In literature, is questioned only the relationship between tax burden and economic performance. Our study emphasizes the link between tax potential and some characteristics of the companies. We have identified, also, the determinants of return of equity in the case of Romanian companies. Overall, the data reveal major structural changes during the period of analysis. This movement did not affect the tax potential, but the performance of undertakings. Our findings show that it is necessary to rethink economic and tax policies.
Budgetary efficiency expressed as the interdependence of public expenditures and the Gross Domestic Product in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Pârţachi Ion , Mija Simion 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We address budget performance in terms of savings, efficiency, and effectiveness. To facilitate a quantitative analysis of budgetary efficiency, we perform a detailed study based on an econometric model of the interdependence of public expenditure, both capital and private, and GDP. We show that an increase in public expenditure, especially current, can significantly accelerate the growth of the productive sectors of the economy. Further, the implementation of performance indicators for public expenditure can lead to accelerated economic growth, both quantitatively as well as qualitatively, in the Republic of Moldova.
Supporting secondary research in early drug discovery process through a Natural Language Processing based system
Authors: Popa Alina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Last decades were characterised by a constant decline in the productivity of research and development activities of pharmaceutical companies. This is due to the fact that the drug discovery process contains an intrinsic risk that should be managed efficiently. Within this process, the early phase projects could be streamlined by doing more secondary research. These activities would involve the integration of chemical and biological knowledge from scientific literature in order to extract an overview and the evolution of a certain research area. This would then help refine the research and development operations.
Considering the vast amount of pharmaceutical studies publications, it is not easy to identify the important information. For this task, a series of projects leveraged the advantages of the open pharmacological space through state-of-the-art technologies. The most popular are Knowledge Graphs methods. Although extremely useful, this technology requires increased investments of time and human resources. An alternative would be to develop a system that uses Natural Language Processing blocks. Still, there is no defined framework and reusable code template for the use-case of compounds development.
In this study, it is presented the design and development of a system that uses Dynamic Topic Modelling and Named Entity Recognition modules in order to extract meaningful information from a large volume of unstructured texts. Moreover, the dynamic character of the topic modelling technique allows to analyse the evolution of different subject areas over time. In order to validate the system, a collection of articles from the Pharmaceutical Research Journal was used.
Our results show that the system is able to identify the main research areas in the last 20 years, namely crystalline and amorphous systems, insulin resistance, paracellular permeability. Additionally, the evolution of the subjects is a highly valuable resource and should be used to get an in-depth understanding about the shifts that happened in a specific domain.
However, a limitation of this system is that it cannot detect association between two concepts or entities if they are not involved in the same document.