bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of calcium chloride and pH on soluble complex of whey protein‐basil seed gum and xanthan gum
Authors: Sarraf Mozhdeh , Naji‐Tabasi Sara , Beig‐babaei Adel 
Published: October 2021

SummaryInteraction between biopolymers generates different rheological behaviors, which can be effective on the structure of food products. One way to control the polysaccharide–protein interaction is the variation of acidic and ionic strength. In this research, the different amounts of pHs (3–7) and calcium chloride (5–20 mM) were investigated on a soluble complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) with xanthan gum (XG) and basil seed gum (BSG). The complex characteristic was investigated according to turbidity, viscosity behavior, and electrostatic interactions. The turbidity test showed that WPC:BSG and WPC:XG absorbance increased at pH 3.5 and 4.5, respectively, due to the formation of insoluble complex. pH 6 was the start point of the turbidity increment, which showed the formation of soluble complexes between WPC and polysaccharides. The FTIR analysis confirmed creation of soluble complex at pH 6. The absorbance raised with increasing the molar of CaCl2 to 10 mM, but no significant difference was observed by turbidity test in the range of CaCl2<10 mM. Also, the highest viscosity value was obtained by 10 mM CaCl2.
Banff consensus recommendations for steatosis assessment in donor livers
Authors: Neil Desley A. H. , Minervini Marta , Smith Maxwell L. , Hubscher Stefan G. , Brunt Elizabeth M. , Demetris A. Jake 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
No consensus criteria or approaches exist regarding assessment of steatosis in the setting of human donor liver suitability for transplantation. The Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology undertook a study to determine the consistency with which steatosis is assessed and reported in frozen sections of potential donor livers.

Approach and Results
A panel of 59 pathologists from 16 countries completed a questionnaire covering criteria used to assess steatosis in donor liver biopsies, including droplet size and magnification used; subsequently, steatosis severity was assessed in 18 whole slide images of donor liver frozen sections (n = 59). Survey results (from 56/59) indicated a wide variation in definitions and approaches used to assess and report steatosis. Whole slide image assessment led to a broad range in the scores. Findings were discussed at a workshop held at the 15th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology, September 2019. The aims of discussions were to (i) establish consensus criteria for defining “large droplet fat” (LDF) that predisposes to increased risk of initial poor graft function and (ii) develop an algorithmic approach to determine fat droplet size and the percentage of hepatocytes involved. LDF was defined as typically a single fat droplet that expands the involved hepatocyte and is larger than adjacent nonsteatotic hepatocytes. Estimating severity of steatosis involves (i) low magnification estimate of the approximate surface area of the biopsy occupied by fat, (ii) higher magnification determination of the percentage of hepatocytes within the fatty area with LDF, and (iii) final score calculation.

Conclusions
The proposed guidelines herein are intended to improve standardization in steatosis assessment of donor liver biopsies. The calculated percent LDF should be provided to the surgeon.
Frailty and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Cullaro Giuseppe , Verna Elizabeth C. , Duarte‐Rojo Andres , Kappus Matthew R. , Ganger Daniel R. , Rahimi Robert S. , Boyarsky Brian , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara , Ladner Daniela P. , Volk Michael L. , Hsu Chi‐yuan , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2021

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and frailty are major drivers of outcomes among patients with cirrhosis. What is unknown is the impact of physical frailty on the development of AKI. We included adults with cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma listed for liver transplantation at nine US centers (n = 1,033). Frailty was assessed using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI); “frail” was defined by LFI ≥ 4.2. Chronic kidney disease as a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Our primary outcome, AKI, was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL or a serum creatinine ≥1.5‐fold increase. Wait‐list mortality was defined as either a death on the wait list or removal for being too sick. We performed Cox regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for AKI and wait‐list mortality. Of 1,033 participants, 41% were frail and 23% had CKD. Twenty‐one percent had an episode of AKI during follow‐up. Frail versus nonfrail patients were more likely to develop AKI (25% vs. 19%) and wait‐list mortality (21% vs. 13%) (P < 0.01 for each). In multivariable Cox regression, each of the following groups was associated with a higher risk of AKI as compared with not frail/no CKD: frail/no CKD (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29‐2.72); not frail/CKD (aHR = 4.30, CI = 2.88‐6.42); and frail/CKD (aHR = 4.85, CI = 3.33‐7.07). We use a readily available metric, LFI, to identify those patients with cirrhosis most at risk for AKI. We highlight that serum creatinine and creatinine‐based estimations of glomerular filtration rate may not fully capture a patient’s vulnerability to AKI among the frail phenotype. Conclusion: Our work lays the foundation for implementing physical frailty in clinical practice to identify AKI earlier, implement reno‐protective strategies, and expedite liver transplantation.
Synthesis of Helical and Planar Extended‐Phenanthridinium Salts
Authors: Hutskalova Valeriia , Prescimone Alessandro , Sparr Christof 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe investigation of new synthetic routes towards positively charged N‐heterocycles is of high importance for the further development of medicinal chemistry, functional materials, catalysis and other areas of application. For accessing acridinium dyes, we previously reported an approach based on an aryne‐imine‐aryne coupling followed by the subsequent oxidation of the acridane intermediates. Herein, we now present an unusual reaction outcome when phenanthryne is used as aryne component. Under optimized conditions, this two‐step synthetic methodology led to the formation of a helical tetrabenzophenanthridinium derivative. Furthermore, the susceptibility of this product to photoinduced cyclodehydrogenation was observed, providing a highly fluorescent planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a positively charged nitrogen. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the mesityl‐phenyltetrabenzophenanthridinium tetrafluoroborate were also determined.
Heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of non‐Newtonian fluid in a microchannel with electromagnetohydrodynamics and thermal radiation
Authors: Gajbhiye Sneha , Warke Arundhati , Katta Ramesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe study of electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) of non‐Newtonian fluid plays a significant role for optical design, thermal management of electronic components, and various operations of microfluidic devices. The use of parallel geometry is seen in the circulatory system, extrusion process, and respiratory system. By considering various practical applications, in the current study, the Poiseuille flow of an incompressible Casson liquid between the plates is investigated. The effects of MHD, Joule heating, thermal radiation, modified Darcy's law, and chemical reaction have been taken into account. The dimensional governing equations have been converted into dimensionless equations with pertinent nondimensional quantities. The resulting system of nondimensional system of equations has been analytically solved with nondimensional slip boundary conditions. The graphical results have been displayed with various fluid flow parameters. From the current study, it is concluded that the influence of Darcy number and Casson fluid parameter enhances the velocity profile, but the concentration declines with the enhancement of Casson fluid parameter. The radiation parameter and Prandtl number suppress the temperature profile.
Structure‐Property Relationships and Idiosyncrasies of Bulk, 2D Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Vasileiadou Eugenia S. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBulk, 2D hybrid lead bromide perovskites comprise a robust family of halide perovskites with a rich structural and photophysical chemistry witnessed thus far. In an attempt to boost focus on systematically charting the phase space of 2D lead bromide perovskites, it is timely and critical to review the structure‐property relationships that are emerging in this family of materials. In this review, we assess the multitude of (100)‐orientated lead bromide perovskites, as well as the idiosyncratic (110)‐orientated members. We examine the underpopulated phase space of bulk, thick‐layer (n>1) lead bromide perovskites, highlighting several examples of structures violating Goldschmidt's tolerance factor with large organic spacers in the cuboctahedral perovskite cages. The narrow and broadband emission is discussed, along with the developed optoelectronic profile of bulk, lead bromide perovskites, as yet. Lastly, we summarize the integration of 2D lead bromide perovskites in optoelectronic devices.
Dominant clade‐featured SARS‐CoV‐2 co‐occurring mutations reveal plausible epistasis: An in silico based hypothetical model
Authors: Alam A. S. M. Rubayet Ul , Islam Ovinu Kibria , Hasan Md. Shazid , Islam Mir Raihanul , Mahmud Shafi , Al‐Emran Hassan M. , Jahid Iqbal Kabir , Crandall Keith A. , Hossain M. Anwar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has evolved into eight fundamental clades with four of these clades (G, GH, GR, and GV) globally prevalent in 2020. To explain plausible epistatic effects of the signature co‐occurring mutations of these circulating clades on viral replication and transmission fitness, we proposed a hypothetical model using in silico approach. Molecular docking and dynamics analyses showed the higher infectiousness of a spike mutant through more favorable binding of G614 with the elastase‐2. RdRp mutation p.P323L significantly increased genome‐wide mutations (p < 0.0001), allowing for more flexible RdRp (mutated)‐NSP8 interaction that may accelerate replication. Superior RNA stability and structural variation at NSP3:C241T might impact protein, RNA interactions, or both. Another silent 5′‐UTR:C241T mutation might affect translational efficiency and viral packaging. These four G‐clade‐featured co‐occurring mutations might increase viral replication. Sentinel GH‐clade ORF3a:p.Q57H variants constricted the ion‐channel through intertransmembrane–domain interaction of cysteine(C81)‐histidine(H57). The GR‐clade N:p.RG203‐204KR would stabilize RNA interaction by a more flexible and hypo‐phosphorylated SR‐rich region. GV‐clade viruses seemingly gained the evolutionary advantage of the confounding factors; nevertheless, N:p.A220V might modulate RNA binding with no phenotypic effect. Our hypothetical model needs further retrospective and prospective studies to understand detailed molecular events and their relationship to the fitness of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Comparison of physicochemical and emulsifying properties of commercial pea protein powders
Authors: Burger Travis G , Singh Indarpal , Mayfield Caleb , Baumert Joseph L , Zhang Yue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is an increasing trend in the food industry to utilize plant‐based proteins. Pea protein (PP) is one such protein that is a promising alternative emulsifier. However, there is a significant functionality gap between laboratory and commercially produced PP that limits its usage. The physicochemical and emulsification properties of five commercial PP powders were characterized to better understand the functionality gap.RESULTSFour of the five commercial powders displayed low solubility, high surface hydrophobicity, and an abundance of large insoluble aggregates. High‐pressure homogenization was able to break up the aggregates, reduce surface hydrophobicity, and increase solubility. There was a significant correlation between the homogenized solubility and the emulsification properties of the commercial PPs. There was not a significant correlation between the emulsification properties and the other physicochemical properties (unhomogenized solubility, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, and interfacial tension).CONCLUSIONSThe conformational changes caused by the commercial isolation process may disrupt the correlations between the physicochemical and emulsification properties of PP. Solubility is a key physicochemical property to enable good emulsification properties for PP. Homogenization is an effective step to improve the solubility of commercial PP and therefore promote its functional properties before industrial usage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating compliance of extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following abdominopelvic surgery for cancer: A multidisciplinary quality improvement project
Authors: McGinnis Justin M. , Helpman Limor , Gundayao Marylrose , Nancekivell Kelly‐Lynn , Russell Jacqueline , Linkins Lori‐Ann , Ruo Leyo , Serrano Pablo E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDespite quality evidence supporting postoperative extended venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (eVTEp) following abdominopelvic cancer surgery, baseline use of eVTEp at our institution was 3%. Our project aim was to improve the proportion of patients prescribed eVTEp following surgery for gynecologic, hepatobiliary, and colorectal cancers by a 30% absolute increase.MethodsWe performed an interrupted time series study using quality improvement methodology. Postoperative order sets, pre‐printed prescriptions, process checklists, and multimodal education were introduced. Process and outcome data were collected and analyzed on statistical process control charts.ResultsWe included 324 patients with gynecologic and hepatobiliary cancers. Despite efforts to include them, the colorectal team did not participate. The monthly mean order set‐use was 58% (SD = 14%), by specialty: gynecology 79%, hepatobiliary 47%. The proportion of patients prescribed eVTEp increased from 3% to 70% (SD = 14%). The target goal was surpassed and sustained by both cohorts. Patient compliance was 73% (n = 117/160, SD = 16%). Of those who stopped eVTEp early, 45% (n = 14/31) objected because of the injectable nature. Bleeding events were infrequent (0.6%, n = 2/324).ConclusionsThree process changes and multimodal education resulted in a significant increase in eVTEp use. Failure to identify improvement champions limited project expansion to colorectal patients. Patient compliance was largely limited by the injectable nature of the medication.
Electrooxidation of Formamidine Disulfide Simultaneously Investigated by On‐Line High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Zhang Wei , Luo Hainan , Li Fengli , Zhang Baoying , Zhao Yuyan , Feng Na , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electro‐oxidation of formamidine disulfide, an important sulfur‐containing compound, was simultaneously investigated with on‐line high‐performance liquid chromatography and cyclic voltammetry. Using a home‐made microporous sampler located at the electrode interface, the solution on the electrode surface was in situ sampled and analyzed. The electrochemical scanning was synchronously performed, which allowed the electro‐oxidation products to be detected at a given potential. The main products on the surface of platinum electrode were found to be thiourea, formamidine sulfinic acid, cyanamide, and elemental sulfur. Forced convection arising from the sampling played an important role in the electrochemical oxidation. The extraction of electrode surface solution promoted the renewal of reactant and its intermediates, which induced the change of cyclic voltammetry curve. The forced convection also contributed to the redox peak current of the species on the cyclic voltammetry curves through the change of concentration of reactant and its intermediates. This technique can help to explore the reaction mechanism of complex electrochemical reactions.
Comparison of Mo and ITO back contacts in CIGSe solar cells: Vanishing of the main capacitance step
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Dethloff Christiane , Hölscher Torsten , Kempa Heiko , Scheer Roland 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdmittance measurements of Cu (In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells typically show at least one capacitance step, the so‐called N1 signal. Its origin is still under debate, even though the signal is present in almost all CIGSe solar cells. In this work, CIGSe solar cells with different absorber layer thicknesses have been prepared on Mo and on indium tin oxide (ITO)‐based back contacts. The samples were analyzed by temperature‐dependent current–voltage (JV) and admittance measurements. No N1 signal was found for ITO‐based samples. The N1 signal was also absent in Mo‐based solar cells with an ultrathin absorber layer, unless a forward bias voltage was applied. The observations can be consistently explained by a back contact barrier, which is only present in the Mo‐based solar cells. The explanation is further supported by measured JV curves and by theoretical simulations. The results give a strong indication that the N1‐signal is due to a back contact barrier. While a back contact barrier is not necessarily detrimental for regular CIGSe solar cells, it may be an issue for CIGSe solar cells with ultrathin absorbers, where a so‐called punch‐through effect can occur.
Optimized front TCO and metal grid electrode for module‐integrated perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Messmer Christoph , Tutsch Leonard , Pingel Sebastian , Erath Denis , Schön Jonas , Fell Andreas , Goldschmidt Jan Christoph , Goraya Baljeet S. , Clement Florian , Lorenz Andreas , Nold Sebastian , Bivour Martin , Glunz Stefan W. , Hermle Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo unlock the full potential of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells with >30% efficiency at presumably low cost, the transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and metal grid at the front side need to be adapted compared to classical silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. By means of optical and electrical modelling, we consider the main aspects to optimize the front electrode for the tandem case, where in contrast to silicon single junction devices, there are (i) different optical properties including a lower refractive index of the perovskite absorber (ii) about half the current, thus quarter the resistive power losses for the same series resistance contribution (iii) lateral transport at the front needs to be provided solely by the front TCO layer and (iv) lower thermal stability of the perovskite, which affects TCO deposition conditions and results in a less efficient sintering of the silver screen printing pastes. This study concludes that compared to silicon heterojunction cells, the thickness of the front TCO should be reduced from 75 nm to around 20 nm, resulting in less parasitic absorption and a potential cost reduction of 1.46 €ct/cell for ITO. We investigate the impact of different front metallization including plating and silver screen printing and showcase that for multi‐wire interconnection concepts, the number of wires can be reduced from 18 wires to 9 or even less depending on the front metallization. Finally, we give an outlook on the silver consumption and levelized cost of electricity.
Spinal glial cells in itch modulation
Authors: Shiratori‐Hayashi Miho , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlial cells are non‐neuronal cells in the nervous system that are electrically non‐excitable and outnumber neurons in humans. Glial cells have attracted attention in recent years for their active involvement in the regulation of neuronal activity, suggesting their contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases. Studies have shown that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are activated in the spinal cord in response to skin inflammation and contribute to the exacerbation of chronic itch. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of astrocytes and other glial cells in the modulation of itch processing and the mechanism of their activation under itch conditions.
Goshajinkigan attenuates paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain via cortical astrocytes
Authors: Takanashi Kenta , Shibata Keisuke , Mizuno Keita , Komatsu Ryohei , Koizumi Schuichi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe anticancer agents platinum derivatives and taxanes such as paclitaxel (PCX) often cause neuropathy known as chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy with high frequency. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying such neuropathy largely remain unknown. Here, we show new findings that the effect of Goshajinkigan (GJG), a Japanese KAMPO medicine, inhibits PCX‐induced neuropathy by acting on astrocytes. The administration of PCX in mice caused the sustained neuropathy lasting at least 4 weeks, which included mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia but not cold allodynia. PCX‐evoked pain behaviors were associated with the sensitization of all primary afferent fibers. PCX did not activate microglia or astrocytes in the spinal cord. However, it significantly activated astrocytes in the primary sensory (S1) cortex without affecting S1 microglial activation there. GJG significantly inhibited the PCX‐induced mechanical allodynia by 50% and thermal hyperalgesia by 90%, which was in accordance with the abolishment of astrocytic activation in the S1 cortex. Finally, the inhibition of S1 astrocytes by an astrocyte‐toxin L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid abolished the PCX‐induced neuropathy. Our findings suggest that astrocytes in the S1 cortex would play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCX‐induced neuropathy and are a potential target for its treatment.
Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furfural from Monosaccharides: A Simple, Fast, and Practical Method
Authors: Ly Phat Duc , Phan Ha Bich , Le Yen‐Nhi Thi , Tran Phuong Hoang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a versatile intermediate from biomass, can be applied to prepare a wide range of valuable compounds in the petroleum and chemical industries. Thus, simple, fast, and practical methods to convert carbohydrates into HMF have been capturing increasing attention. We reported herein a method of using p‐toluenesulfonic acid (p‐TsOH) and Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as catalysts for the dehydration of fructose in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under a continuous flow process. The effect of the various reaction conditions on HMF formation was investigated, and the HMF yields were determined by the HPLC method. The results showed that p‐TsOH and Brønsted acidic ionic liquid are effective catalysts within short residence times. This study provides a simple and safe procedure that can be potentially performed on a large scale to synthesize HMF from fructose.