bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of Pre-XDR TB with line probe assay in a high TB burden country
Authors: Madukaji Laura , Okohu Isaac , Usman Saheed , Oyedum Uche , Enagi Abdullah , Usman Abubakar , Adedeji AS , Owolagba Femi , Ofuche Eke , Osi Samuels Jay , Jolayemi Toyin , Okonkwo Prosper 
Published: October 2021

Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death. Drug resistant tuberculosis has lately become a major public health problem that threatens progress made in Tuberculosis (TB) care and control worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Pre-extensive drug resistant TB among MDR TB in North Central of Nigeria.
Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2018 to August, 2019 with 150 samples. In Nigeria, guidelines for DR-TB as recommended by WHO is followed. All the samples from the patients who gave their consent were transported to a zonal reference TB laboratory (ZRL).
Results: Mean age was 38.6 ± 13.4 years with peak age at 35-44. Out of these 103 samples processed with LPA, 101(98%) were rifampicin resistant and 2 were rifampicin sensitive, 99(96%) were INH resistant and 4 (4%) were INH sensitive, 5(5%) were fluoroquinolone resistant, 98(95%) were fluoroquinolone sensitive, 12 (12%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin resistant, 91(83%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin sensitive.
Conclusion: Multidrug resistant TB and its severe forms (Pre-extensive & extensively drug resistant TB) can be detected early with rapid tool- Line Probe Assay rapid and prevented timely by early initiation on treatment.
Keywords: Pre-XDR TB; line probe assay in a high TB burden country.
Gut permeability is associated with hypertension and measures of obesity but not with Endothelial Dysfunction in South African youth
Authors: E Ntlahla Ezona , MO Mfengu Mvuyisi , A Engwa Godwill , N Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta , R Sewani-Rusike Constance 
Published: October 2021

Background: Though gut permeability has shown to be associated with measures of obesity and hypertension, its relation- ship with endothelial dysfunction, an early predictor for cardiovascular diseases remains unknown.
Objective: This study assessed the relationship between hypertension, measures of obesity, gut permeability and endothelial dysfunction.
Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study which enrolled 151 South African youths was conducted. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed. Zonulin, a marker for gut permeability; adiponectin, an anti-inflamma- tory molecule, as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Nitric oxide (NO) which are markers for endothelial- function were assayed.
Results: Approximately eighteen percent (17.88%) of the participants were hypertensive while 40.4% were pre-hyperten- sive. Adiponectin significantly increased in hypertensive subjects and negatively correlated (p<0.05) with measures of obesity but was not associated with gut permeability and endothelial dysfunction. Increased body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat (VF) predicted reduced adiponectin (inflammation). Zonulin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hypertensive subjects and positively associated (p<0.05) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in females. A positive relationship (p<0.05) was observed between zonulin and measurements of obesity. Moreover, zonulin negatively associated (p<0.05) with ADMA but positively associated (p<0.05) with NO in males. Increased VF and waist circumference predicted gut permeability.
Conclusion: Gut permeability was associated with hypertension and measures of obesity but not with markers of endothe- lial dysfunction in a South African youth population.
Keywords: Gut permeability; hypertension; obesity; endothelial dysfunction; inflammation.
Reported self-management of hypertension among adult hypertensive patients in a developing country: a cross-sectional study in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: E Omoronyia Ogban , Okesiji Idowu , H Uwalaka Chiamaka , A Mpama Enagu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Sustained control of blood pressure, is dependent on degree of self-management, which includes self-inte- gration, self-regulation, self-monitoring and adherence to regimen. We assessed the pattern of self-management of hyper- tension among adult hypertensive patients in a developing country.
Methods: Cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling, was used to recruit adult hypertensive patients, attending Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on self-management components. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze data, with p-value set at 0.05.
Result: One hundred and seven (107) respondents, had mean age of 49.0 ± 12.0 years. Mean value for self-management was 3.15 ± 0.55, comprising self-integration (3.06 ± 0.36), self-regulation (3.32 ± 0.63), self-monitoring (3.29 ± 0.84) and adherence to regimen (3.15 ± 0.55). Most components of self-management, had high levels of mean score. Respondents that were less than 40 years, compared with those that were more than 40 years, had greater mean values for self-integration (3.37 vs 3.05), but significantly lesser values for all other components (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Young hypertensives had poor levels of most components of self-management. There is urgent need for health educational programs on self-management of hypertension among young people in sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords: Hypertension; self-management; self-integration; self-regulation; adherence; Nigeria.
Comparison of survival models and assessment of risk factors for survival of cardiovascular patients at Addis Ababa Cardiac Center, Ethiopia: a retrospective study
Authors: Yeniew Enyew Belaynesh , Gashaw Asfaw Zeytu 
Published: October 2021

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is disorders of heart and blood vessels. It is a major health problem across the world,and 82% of CVD deaths is contributed by countries with low and middle income. The aim of this study was to choose appropriate model for the survival of cardiovascular patients data and identify the factors that affect the survival of cardiovascular patients at Addis Ababa Cardiac Center.
Method: A Retrospective study was conducted on patients under follow-up at Addis Ababa Cardiac Center between Sep- tember 2010 to December 2018. The patients included have made either post operation or pre-operation. Out of 1042 car- diac patients, a sample of 332 were selected for the current study using simple random sampling technique. Non-parametric, semi-parametric and parametric survival models were used and comparisons were made to select the appropriate predicting model.
Results: Among the sample of 332 cardiac patients, only 67(20.2%) experienced CVD and the remaining 265(79.8%) were censored. The median and the maximum survival time of cardiac patients was 1925 and 1403 days respectively.The estimated hazard ratio of male patients to female patients is 1.926214 (95%CI: 1.111917-3.336847; p = 0.019) implying that the risk of death of male patients is 1.926214 times higher than female cardiac patients keeping the other covariates constant in the model. Even if, all semi parametric and parametric survival models ﬁtted to the current data well, various model comparison criteria showed that parametric/weibull AFT survival model is better than the other.
Conclusions: The governmental and non-governmental stakeholders should pay attention to give training on the risk fac- tors identiﬁed on the current study to optimize individual’s knowledge and awareness so that death due to CVDs can be minimized.
Keywords: Cardiovascular patient; survival analysis; non-parametric; semi-parametric; parametric.
Effect of different cold application materials on pain during chest tube removal: three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Soydan Dilara , Altun Uğraş Gülay 
Published: October 2021

Background: Chest tube causes severe pain during removal because it attaches to the endothelium in the chest cavity.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cold application with ice pack and gel pad in the control of pain experienced during chest tube removal.
Methods: The sample of prospective, parallel three-arm (1:1:1), randomized controlled clinical trial consisted of 180 patients in two experimental groups (ice pack/gel pad) and one control group. The primary outcome was effect of cold application materi- als on severity of pain during chest removal. Secondary outcomes were duration of cold application and analgesic requirements of the patients.
Results: The study found that the cold application using either of the materials reduced the severity of pain and the need for analgesics after the removal of chest tube compared to the control group (p<0.05). But cold application with ice pack allowed the skin to drop to the temperature effective in pain control in a shorter time than gel pad application (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Despite entirely covering the area around the chest tube, the gel pad was more disadvantageous than ice pack in pain control due to the longer duration of cold application.
Keywords: Chest tube removal; cold application; pain; nurse.
Evaluation of PCR pncA-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR amplification of genomic regions of difference for the identification of M. bovis strains in lymph nodes cultures
Authors: Bouzouita Imen , Draoui Henda , Mahdhi Samia , Essalah Leila , Slim Saidi Leila 
Published: October 2021

Background: A rapid accurate identification of Mycobacterium bovis is essential for surveillance purposes.
Objectives: A PCR pncA-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and a multiplex PCR based on the detection of 3 regions of difference (RD-PCR): RD9, RD4 and RD1 were evaluated for the identification of M. bovis in lymph nodes cultures, in Tunisia, during 2013-2015.
Methods: Eighty-two M. tuberculosis complex strains were identified using the biochemical tests, GenoType MTBC assay, PCR pncA-RFLP and RD-PCR.
Results: The PCR pncA-RFLP showed that 54 M. bovis strains, identified by GenoType MTBC, had a mutation at position 169 of pncA gene. Twenty-eight strains did not show any mutation at this position 27 M. tuberculosis isolates and one M. caprae. The PCR pncA-RFLP had a sensitivity of 100.0% (95%CI: 93.3 -100.0) and a specificity of 100.0% (95%CI: 87.9- 100.0) for identifying M. bovis. The RD-PCR showed that all M. bovis strains had the RD9 and RD4 deleted but presented RD1. RD-PCR also presented high sensitivity and specificity in detecting M. bovis strains (100.0%).
Conclusions: PCR pncA-RFLP and RD-PCR represent very accurate and rapid tools to identify M. bovis. They can be easily implemented in each laboratory due to their low cost and easy use.
Keywords: GenoType MTBC; lymph nodes; Mycobacterium bovis; PCR pncA-RFLP; RD-PCR.
Prevalence of pre-diabetes and risk factors among secondary school adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: O Akintayo-Usman Nafisat , A Okanlawon Funmilayo , O Usman Saheed 
Published: October 2021

Background: Pre-diabetes is an emerging public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.
Objectives: To estimate prevalence of pre-diabetes and assess its associated factors among adolescents. The risk factors were divided into individual, interpersonal and community factors, adapting socio-ecological model.
Methods: This study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The target population was secondary school adolescents of Osogbo Local Government. Questionnaire was used to interview 405 participants through multi-stage sampling. Predia- betes was measure through fasting blood glucose.
Results: Findings revealed prevalence rate of 9.4%. Individual factors identified to be significant include age, religion and family history. Further analysis showed adolescents with normal BMI and high BP are likely to develop pre-diabetes when compared to those with underweight and normal BP respectively. Among interpersonal factors, parents’ dietary habit was significant. Also, adolescents with employed parents were likely to develop pre-diabetes compared to those with unemployed parents. Lastly, availability of healthy food in school was the only statistically significant community factor. Hence, the more availability of food, fruits and vegetables in schools, the less likelihood of developing prediabetes.
Conclusion: These findings affirmed that prediabetes is becoming common problem among Nigerian adolescents. There is therefore need for stakeholders to face this challenge before it becomes endemic.
Keywords: Pre-diabetes; adolescents; individual factors; interpersonal factors; community factors.
Perspectives of skilled birth attendants and pregnant women regarding episiotomy: a quantitative approach
Authors: Tex-Jack Dokuba , Eleke Chinemerem 
Published: October 2021

Background: The World Health Organization recommended less than 10% episiotomy rate for Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) and hospitals in 1996. More than two decades afterwards, some health facilities are still grappling with meeting the set target.
Objectives: This study assessed the perspectives of SBAs and pregnant women regarding episiotomy in a Nigerian univer- sity teaching hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. Census sampling was used to select 19 SBAS and 973 vaginal birth re- cords from 2019, while consecutive sampling technique was used to enrol 134 consenting pregnant women obtaining ante- natal services in the facility. Data was collected using a three part instrument involving a data extraction sheet, episiotomy practice questionnaire for SBAs, and feelings about episiotomy questionnaire for pregnant women. Assembled data were summarised with descriptive statistics.
Results: The episiotomy rate was 345(35.5%). About 266 (77.1%) of first time mothers (primips) and 79(22.9%) of non- first time mothers (multips) received episiotomy. Ten (52.6%) of the SBAs were unsure of any evidence supporting routine episiotomy. All the 19(100%) SBAs reported that there was no existing facility-based policy regarding routine episiotomy. Seventy five (56%) of the pregnant women reported feeling generally bad about episiotomy. One hundred and one (82.3%) of them hinted that they will not feel satisfied if they were given episiotomy with the reason that it ensures quick vaginal birth.
Conclusion: The rate of episiotomy was higher than global recommended standards and primips are disproportionately af- fected. If organised by professional societies, more scientific conferences on limiting episiotomy might remedy this situation.
Keywords: Episiotomy; birth; pregnant women; vagina; Nigeria.
Prevalence and socio-economic factors affecting the use of traditional medicine among adults of Katikekile Subcounty, Moroto District, Uganda
Authors: Logiel Annie , Jørs Erik , Akugizibwe Pardon , Ahnfeldt-Mollerup Peder 
Published: October 2021

Background: In Uganda generally and in rural areas in particular, use of traditional medicine is a common practice, yet there remains lack of evidence on the overall utilization of traditional medicine and there are many aspects that remain unclear.
Objective: To determine the use of traditional medicine and factors associated with this among the adults of Katikekile Subcounty in Moroto district.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative methods. Interviews among 323 respond- ents, and focus group discussions were carried out among village traditional birth attendants, village health team members, and traditional health providers.
Results: Use of traditional medicine among the adults of Katikekile Subcounty was 68%. Usage was more prevalent among older people, and the majority of the adults used traditional medicine often as their first line-treatment for any illness. Herbs used for traditional medicines are usually locally available and free-of-charge. Long distance to health-facility based health care services, and medical fees contributed to the use of traditional medicine.
Conclusion: Use of traditional medicine among adults of Katikekile Subcounty in Moroto in the Karamoja region in Uganda was high, and majority of the adults often used traditional medicine as first line-treatment. Both socioeconomic and health sector factors were associated with use of traditional medicine.
Keywords: Intercultural medicine; indigenous; herbalists.
Cussonia arborea Hochst (Araliaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry
Authors: Kayangar Modjinan , Nono N. Raymond , Fouedjou T. Romuald , Tchegnitegni T. Billy , Ponou K. Beaudelaire , Teponno B. Rémy , Siems J. Kristina , Melzig F. Matthias , Barboni Luciano , Tapondjou A. Léon 
Published: October 2021

Background: C. arborea belonging to Araliaceae family is used traditionally to cure many alien diseases including gonorrhoeae infection, diarrhea, malaria, and diabetes mellitus. The plant has been examined on the basis of scientific in vitro and in vivo evaluations possessing the major pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, antiplasmodial and anticancer properties.
Aim of the study: In the present paper, we reported the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of the stem bark of Cussonia arborea Hochst after a short review of the traditional and pharmacological studies done on this important medicinal plant.
Materials and methods: MeOH extract of stem bark of C. arborea was suspended in water and successively extracted with EtOAc and n-BuOH. The EtOAc extract (18 g) was subjected to repeated column chromatography to yield seven (1-7) compounds. Their structures were determined by means of NMR, and published data.
Results: The isolated compounds were identified as: protocatechuic acid (1), mixture of 3,23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (2a) and 3,23-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2b) in ratio 5/4, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosylolean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosylolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), β-resorcylic acid (5), mixture of 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-23-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (6a) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-23-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (6b) in ration 4/1, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (7). Compounds 3, 4, 5, 7, 2b and 6b are herein reported for the first time in this plant
Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of phytoconstituents of the stem bark extract of Psychotria djumaensis
Authors: Tameko Mbasso Joseph Eric , Nono Ngansop Raymond , Frese Marcel , Chouna Jean Rodolphe , Lenta Ndjakou Bruno , Nkeng-Efouet-Alango Pépin , Tapondjou Azefack Leon , Sewald Norbert 
Published: October 2021

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark extract of Psychotria djumaensis led to the isolation of ten known pentacyclic triterpenoids among which one lupane-, three oleanane-, and six ursane-types. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods and by comparison with previously reported data. The isolated compounds were tested against five strains of bacteria, and the cytotoxicity against the human cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cell was evaluated. The isolates exhibited weak antibacterial activity against the five strains. The cytotoxic activity exhibited by 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5) (IC50 5.9 µM) was about three times more significant than that of the reference [(+) griseofulvin, IC50 17-21 µM].
Occurrence of some campanian-maastrichtian organic-walled microfossils from Enugu Shale, Anambra Basin, Southeastern nigeria: Implications for age and paleoenvironments
Authors: Ikegwuonu Okechukwu Nicodemus , Chiaghanam Osita Igwebuike , Nwakoby Nnamdi Enock , Aniwetalu Emmanuel Ude , Chiadikobi Kingsley Chukwuebuka 
Published: October 2021

Detailed geological field mapping and sampling of the Enugu Formation in the Anambra Basin has been carried out in order to re-examine the age of sediments and reconstruct their paleoenvironments of deposition. A total of ten (10) outcrop samples of shale were subjected to palynological laboratory examination, using conventional method of acid demineralization and maceration techniques for recovering acid-insoluble organic-walled microfossils from sediments. Two main lithological units were distinguished: - carbonaceous fissile shale and siltstone. A late Campanian - Earliest Maastrichtian age was assigned based on index palynomorphs marker taxa Longapertites marginatus (overwhelming abundance), Monocolpites marginatus, Zlivisporis blanensis, and Echitriporites trianguliformis. The age designation was strengthened by the occurrence of a well-known stratigraphic age-diagnostic organic-walled microplankton Coronifera tubulosa, Senegalinium spp. and Andalusiella polymorpha. Palynomorphs of environmental value include Cyathidites minor, (a tree fern of wet, forested, tropical to temperate regions, usually most developed in mountainous / highland terrains under moist and equable climate); Spinizonocolpites baculatus/echinatus, Longapertites marginatus, Mauritidites crassibaculatus and Moncolpites marginatus, which are palm pollen that inhabit similar brackish water as the mangrove. A non-marine to marginal marine depositional setting has therefore been proposed for the Enugu Formation.
SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF US WOMEN: HISTORY OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Isabella Lindberg  
Published: October 2021

American women in society. 200 years after the US War of Independence, a peaceful revolution for women's independence took place. The efforts of several generations were required for the struggle for equality to succeed. Modern young American women can afford to skeptically or negatively speak about feminism, while they are ambitious, striving for social, political and economic positions, fundamentally inaccessible to women 30 years ago.
When creating the American Republic, the Declaration of Independence proclaimed that "all people are created equal and endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, which include life, freedom and the pursuit of happiness".
ГЕНДЕРНАЯ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ К МЕДИЦИНЕ И ЗДОРОВЬЮ
Authors: Е. ЛОПАТКИНА  , Г.ИВАНОВ  
Published: October 2021

В учебники по здравоохранению включены такие разделы, как «заболеваемость женщин ­и детей» и подразделы «заболеваемость женского населения». Женщины рожают детей в медицинских учреждениях, и в СССР всегда уделялось внимание охране здоровья «матери и ребенка» (Охранмлад), а в национальном проекте «Здоровье» 2010-х гг. разрабатывались специальные меры для улучшения медицинской помощи женщинам в период беременности и родов. Однако в отношении здоровья в целом и общество, и медицина, и исследователи долго оставались гендерно нечувствительными. В этой статье приведены примеры гендерно окрашенного взаимодействий врача и пациента и социальной роли больного, в каких ситуациях и контекстах становится значимым гендерное измерение взаимодействий.
ДИСКУСР ГЕНДЕРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
Authors: Н. А. СЕМЕНОВА  
Published: October 2021

Создание нового аналитического языка было связано с заимствованием в начале 1990-х – в рамках изменяющегося институционального и политического контекста – в русский язык, а также в другие языки постсоветского пространства термина «гендер» как ключевого означающего иного дискурса. Впервые, как установила недавно исследовательница из Новосибирска Татьяна Барчунова, он был употреблен философом Ольгой Ворониной в начале 1990-х: именно из московского (кон)текста – а не из англоязычных изданий, к которым у большинства не было доступа, – он был впоследствии перенесен и стал общепринятым.