bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of preauricular skin flaps in the treatment of ear malignancy in elderly patients
Authors: Frattaroli Jacopo Maria , Turriziani Gianmarco , Lo Torto Federico , Cavalieri Enrico , Bruno Edoardo , Dal Prà Giovanni , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ear is one of the face areas most affected by skin cancers, and the surgical reconstruction is often challenging because of tumor‐ and patient‐related factors. Reconstructive options are essentially skin flaps and grafts or their combinations. The use of preauricular translocation (PAT) flap for auricular reconstructions is constantly increasing.Aim and MethodsThis retrospective study reports the comparison between the PAT flap and the full‐thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) for surgical auricular defect reconstruction in elderly population (≥65 years) that typically shows poor compliance in the postoperative wound care management.ResultsA total of 52 FTSGs (Group A) and 39 PAT (Group B) were performed between April 2007 and July 2020. The aim was to investigate, compare, and define advantages and disadvantages of both techniques. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the overall patients’ satisfaction. The mean surgical and healing times were longer in Group A (p < 0.05). No complications occurred in the PAT group, and all the flaps survived. In the FTSG group, the overall complication rate was 17.3% (four partial and three total graft failure, and two graft infections). T test was used to compare the VAS scores: Patients with PAT flap were more satisfied than those with FTSG (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPreauricular translocation flap is a reproducible, safe, and quick option for auricular defects reconstruction in the ≥65 years population, associated with an easier patient management, high patient satisfaction, and excellent aesthetic result.
Experimental studies and randomised controlled trial investigating the impact of traditional dried fruits consumed as snacks on food intake, experience of appetite and bodyweight
Authors: Harrold Joanne A. , Sadler Michele , Hughes Georgina M. , Boyland Emma J. , Williams Nicola J. , McGill Rory , Higgs Jennette , Harland Janice I. , Halford Jason C. G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo studies investigating the impact of dried fruits eaten as a snack on weight control were designed to examine the effects of prunes and raisins on appetite (phase 1), and whether prunes undermine weight loss, due to the increase in energy density on drying, when included in a structured weight loss programme (phase 2). Phase 1 compared the effect on appetite of equi‐weight or equi‐caloric snacks of prunes (100 or 140 g) and raisins (100 or 111 g) with a control condition (100 g/335 kcal jelly babies), in a pre‐load, cross‐over design (n = 40 analysed). A significant effect of condition on food intake was observed, with significantly lower weight of food consumed in the 140 g prune group versus control, and on Area Under the Curve (AUC) fullness, due to a greater effect in the 140 g prune group versus control. In phase 2, change in bodyweight and waist circumference were measured in a 12‐week randomised, parallel‐groups intervention study (n = 100 analysed, 50 per group). Prunes (females: 140 g, males: 171 g/day) replaced usual snacks whilst following a weight loss programme. The active control group followed the same programme and participants were instructed on healthy snacking. A significant reduction in mean bodyweight in the prune group versus baseline was consistent with the phase 1 evidence that prunes can aid appetite control, although it could also be explained by overall diet in the context of a structured weight loss programme. Prunes did not produce a detrimental effect on mean weight loss over 12 weeks versus control (prune group: −1.99 kg; active control: −1.53 kg), nor on decrease in waist circumference (prune group: −2.40 cm; active control: −1.74 cm). No additional benefit on weight loss was seen (between‐group difference was non‐significant). The daily intake of prunes was well‐tolerated. Phase 1 demonstrated that prune snacks produced beneficial changes in appetite. Phase 2 demonstrated that prunes did not undermine weight management, and this warrants further study.
CONSTRUCTING THE ASSYRIAN SIEGE RAMP AT LACHISH: TEXTS, ICONOGRAPHY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Garfinkel Yosef , Carroll Jon W. , Pytlik Michael , Mumcuoglu Madeleine 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThis research examines the Assyrian siege ramp at Lachish, the only such known from the ancient Near East and the oldest in the world. The combination of different sources (texts, iconography and archaeology) enables us to reconstruct how this monumental war installation was erected. We used photogrammetric analysis, facilitated through small Unmanned Aerial System (sUAS) imagery, to digitally map the landscape and evaluate different potential scenarios with regard to the construction and use of the ramp.
Single‐cut osteotomy for correction of a complex multiplanar deformity of the radius in a Shetland pony foal
Authors: Schweinsberg Lorenz P. , Ehrle Anna , Schweinsberg Uwe , Meehan Lucy , Noguera Cender Andrea , Lischer Christoph J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical correction of a multiplanar deformity of the radius in a pony using a single‐cut osteotomy.Study designCase report.AnimalsA 9‐week‐old male Shetland pony foal with a bodyweight of 47 kg.MethodsThe foal presented with a complex multiplanar deformity of the right radius. A 3‐dimensional model of the bone was created based on computed tomography (CT) imaging. To correct the deformity, the cutting plane for a single‐cut osteotomy was calculated following the mathematical approach described by Sangeorzan et al. After osteotomy, the bone was realigned and stabilized with two 4.5 locking compression plates (LCPs).ResultsRecovery from surgery was uneventful, and the foal remained comfortable. A CT exam 15 weeks after surgery revealed that diaphyseal deformities improved substantially in procurvatum (from 8° to 1°), varus (from 27° to 0°), and rotation (30° to 5°). The operated radius was 2.1 cm shorter than the left. Eighteen‐month follow up confirmed a functionally and cosmetically acceptable outcome.ConclusionThe single‐cut osteotomy resulted in the successful correction of a multiplanar equine long‐bone deformity with a favorable outcome in a Shetland pony.Clinical significanceSingle‐cut osteotomy is an alternative surgical technique for the correction of complex diaphyseal long‐bone equine deformities. Computed tomography data and the possibility of printing 3D models provides a significant advantage for rehearsing the procedure and for evaluating the correction that was achieved.
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
Authors: Israel Sarah K. , Liska William D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report outcomes of cementless collared stem total hip replacement (THR) with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application in dogs.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n= 150) with THR (n= 184).MethodsSerial postoperative radiographs and medical records of dogs that underwent consecutive index cementless THR, with a single full cerclage wire placed distal to the femoral neck osteotomy line and proximal to the lesser trochanter, were reviewed for intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsNo proximal femoral fractures occurred. No complications associated with the use of the cerclage wire were encountered. A fissure (n = 1) or fractures (n = 2) occurred near the tip of the femoral stem in three cases postoperatively. All three cases required plate and screw fixation. All dogs returned to subjectively normal function at home and all owners were satisfied with the outcome.ConclusionA single full cerclage wire may minimize the risk of a proximal femur fracture following cementless collared stem total hip replacement in dogs. No complications were encountered with the cerclage wire.Clinical significanceApplication of a cerclage wire is a simple and economically feasible procedure that requires minimal additional instrumentation, takes little time, and may decrease the risk of proximal femur fractures after cementless press‐fit THR.
The Relationship Between Perceived Confidence, Gender, and Writing in a Biomedical Engineering Research Experience for Undergraduates Site
Authors: Reed Elisabeth C. , Kain Donna , George Stephanie M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Women frequently feel alienated in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) environments due to gender biases, ultimately leading them to feel less competent or leave the field altogether. This study utilizes personal statements from a subset of participants from a National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) Site: Biomedical Engineering in Simulations, Imaging, and Modeling (BME-SIM) to investigate how confidence is shown by participants and how confidence is perceived by faculty reviewers in personal statements. This study compares feedback from faculty reviewers to perceived and self-reported confidence using lexical (i.e., word choices and use) and syntactic (i.e., structures of language segments such as sentences, phrases, and organization of words) features of these personal statements. Women received more negative feedback related to confidence compared to their male counterparts, notably in relation to modesty. Few differences were found between writing styles of genders in their pre- and post-program statements. Overall, writing styles did not seem to correlate with the genders' perceived or self-reported confidence; however, perception of confidence suggested a relationship between genders' pre- and post-program statements when examined by noun and adjective variation. A similar relationship was found between self-reported confidence and noun variation in men and women participants. Findings suggest that writing style perceptions and practices may be influenced by gender norms; however, without looking at the specific diction and content of personal statements, these conclusions cannot be fully established.
Real-Time Velocity Optimization for Energy-Efficient Control of Connected and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Dong Shiying , Gao Bingzhao , Chen Hong , Huang Yanjun , Liu Qifang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a fast numerical algorithm for velocity optimization based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP). Considering the difficulties associated with the application of the PMP when state constraints exist, a penalty function approach is proposed to convert the state-constrained problem into an unconstrained problem. Then, an iterative numerical algorithm in which the explicit solution is used to find the optimal solution is proposed. The proposed numerical algorithm is applied to velocity trajectory optimization for energy-efficient control of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The simulation results indicate that the algorithm can generate the optimal inputs in milliseconds and achieve a significant improvement in computational efficiency compared with traditional methods in a few seconds. A hardware-in-the-loop test for experimental validation is implemented to further verify the real-time performance of the proposed algorithm.
Ultra-Compact Microscale Heat Exchanger for Advanced Thermal Management in Data Centers
Authors: Amalfi Raffaele L. , Salamon Todd , Cataldo Filippo , Marcinichen Jackson B. , Thome John R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study is focused on the experimental characterization of two-phase heat transfer performance and pressure drops within an ultracompact heat exchanger (UCHE) suitable for electronics cooling applications. In this specific work, the UCHE prototype is anticipated to be a critical component for realizing a new passive two-phase cooling technology for high-power server racks, as it is more compact and lighter weight than conventional heat exchangers. This technology makes use of a novel combination of thermosyphon loops, at the server-level and rack-level, to passively cool an entire rack. In the proposed two-phase cooling technology, a smaller form factor UCHE is used to transfer heat from the server-level thermosyphon cooling loop to the rack-level thermosyphon cooling loop, while a larger form factor UCHE is used to reject the total heat from the server rack into the facility-level cooling loop. The UCHE is composed of a double-side-copper finned plate enclosed in a stainless steel enclosure. The geometry of the fins and channels on both sides are optimized to enhance the heat transfer performance and flow stability while minimizing the pressure drops. These features make the UCHE the ideal component for thermosyphon cooling systems, where low pressure drops are required to achieve high passive flow circulation rates and thus achieve high critical heat flux values. The UCHE's thermal-hydraulic performance is first evaluated in a pump-driven system at the former laboratory of heat and mass transfer (LTCM)-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne, where experiments include many configurations and operating conditions. Then, the UCHE is installed and tested as the condenser of a thermosyphon loop that rejects heat to a pumped refrigerant system at Nokia Bell Labs, in which both sides operate with refrigerants in phase change (condensation-to-boiling). Experimental results demonstrate high thermal performance with a maximum heat dissipation density of 5455 (kW/m3/K), which is significantly larger than conventional air-cooled heat exchangers and liquid-cooled small pressing depth brazed plate heat exchangers. Finally, a thermal performance analysis is presented that provides guidelines in terms of heat density dissipations at the server- and rack-level when using passive two-phase cooling.
Wind Tunnel Tests of a Model Small-Scale Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Developed From Blade Element Momentum Theory
Authors: Siram Ojing , Sahoo Niranjan , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) have emerged as the promising alternative energy resource for the off-grid electrical power generation. These turbines primarily operate at low Reynolds number and low tip speed ratio conditions. Under such circumstances, the airfoil selection and blade design of a SHAWT becomes a challenging task. The present work puts forward the necessary steps starting from the aerofoil selection to the blade design and analysis by means of blade element momentum theory (BEMT) for the development of four model turbine rotors composed of E216, SG6043, NACA63415, and NACA0012 airfoils. This analysis shows the superior performance of the model rotor with E216 airfoil in comparison with other three models. However, in the subsequent wind tunnel study with the E216 model, a marginal drop in its performance due to mechanical losses has been observed.
The Effect of Using Different Wake Models on Wind Farm Layout Optimization: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Puyi , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The accuracy of analytical wake models applied in wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problems is of great significance as the high-fidelity methods such as large eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) are still not able to handle an optimization problem for large wind farms. Based on a variety of analytical wake models developed in the past decades, Flow Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) have been published as a tool that integrated several widely used wake models and their expansions. This paper compares four wake models selected from FLORIS by applying three classical WFLO scenarios. The results illustrate that the Jensen wake model is the fastest, but the issue of underestimating the velocity deficit is obvious. The multi-zone model needs additional tuning on the parameters inside the model to fit specific wind turbines. The Gaussian-curl hybrid (GCH) wake model, as an advanced expansion of the Gaussian wake model, does not provide a significant improvement in the current study, where the yaw control is not included. The Gaussian wake model is recommended for the WFLO projects implemented under the FLORIS framework and has similar wind conditions with the present work.
Assessment of the Resolution of Nonplanar Flaws in Pressure Retaining Components in Terms of Stress Intensity Factors
Authors: Lacroix Valéry , Dulieu Pierre , Hasegawa Kunio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
When flaws are detected in pressure retaining components, assessments have to be done in order to demonstrate the fitness-for-service (FFS) of the component for continued operation. This FFS demonstration is performed in accordance with FFS Codes providing flaw assessment procedure and acceptance standards. The first step of the flaw assessment is the flaw characterization which aims at determining the flaw geometry to be used for the analyses. This key step is done according to flaw characterization rules provided in the FFS Codes and hence appears as essential for the rest of the assessment.
According to the flaw characterization rules of ASME B&PV Code Section XI, a nonplanar flaw (i.e., oriented in two or more intersecting inclined planes, curvilinear geometry, or combinations of nonplanar geometry) shall be resolved into two planar flaws by projection of the flaw area into planes normal to the maximum principal stresses. This approach allows to simplify the flaw assessment but should remain conservative. Therefore, the conservatisms due to the simplified projection approach for nonplanar flaws are investigated in this paper. Current computational tools have been clearly improved so that the modelling of nonplanar flaws does not present any significant difficulty. In this frame, this paper compares the stress intensity factors of projected nonplanar flaws and the mixed mode stress intensity factor of actual nonplanar flaws. This is carried out for multiple flaw sizes, flaw shapes, flaw orientations and different load cases. The final scope is to quantify how the flaw projection into planes normal to the maximum principal stresses is conservative and how this conservatism could be improved, if need be.
Modeling Crack Growth in ASME Section XI Flaw Evaluations
Authors: Bamford W. H. , Udyawar Anees 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rules for assessment of flaws found as a result of periodic in-service examinations of nuclear components, first appeared in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in 1974. Since that time, literally hundreds of evaluations have been completed, which have allowed flaws that met the required margins to be accepted for continued service without repair. The flaw evaluation process of Section XI involves prediction of the future growth of such flaws, and then comparison with a calculated allowable flaw size for the location of interest. The crack growth models to be used for such evaluations are generally contained in the ASME Code itself, in Section XI Nonmandatory Appendices A or C, or the new Nonmandatory Appendix Y for Crack Growth Rate Curves (2021 Code Edition), depending on the application and material type. Occasionally, Code Cases are also used to provide recommended crack growth models. The philosophy that has been followed by the Code since its inception has been to model crack growth as accurately as possible, so as to make an accurate prediction of future flaw growth, and then compare the predicted final flaw size with the allowable flaw size for the area of interest, after a margin has been applied. Therefore, the margin is applied only once, so it is easily identified, and is not “double-counted”.
The goal of this paper is to summarize the background and basis behind the ASME Section XI general philosophy of the use of a best estimate, or mean, treatment of the crack growth models in Section XI of the ASME Code. This paper will discuss the various approaches that are available to characterize crack growth, and then discuss the approaches which have been used in ASME Code Section XI flaw evaluation rules over the years.
A Fatigue Crack Growth Model for Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steels in an Elevated Temperature Air Environment
Authors: Barron Kathleen C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI utilizes reference fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) curves for flaw evaluations. The current ASME reference curve for austenitic stainless steels in air environments is a Paris-Law relation with a single ΔK exponent that covers the entire ΔK range. Since generation of the model that became the ASME reference curve, extensive additional FCGR testing of Type 304, Type 304L, and Type 304/304L dual-certified stainless steel and the corresponding weld metal has been performed in an elevated temperature air environment. This testing revealed fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviors that were not adequately captured by the ASME reference curve. In particular, the ASME reference curve failed to capture a flattening of the FCGR curve in the intermediate ΔK range before the FCGRs sharply dropped off as the threshold behavior is approached. Additionally, the FCGR data showed a slight frequency-dependence. Based on this new data, a new FCGR model was generated for Type 304 austenitic stainless steels in air environments between 250°C and 338°C. A tri-linear Paris-Law style correlation was chosen for the updated FCGR model to accommodate both the flattening of the FCGR curve at intermediate ΔK levels and the sharp downturn in the near-threshold ΔK regime. Each of the three branches of the FCGR curve exhibit a different R-ratio dependence, with the near-threshold regime being the most sensitive to changes in the R-ratio.