bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Azo (N=N) Bonds to Amines
Authors: Das Uttam Kumar , Kar Sayan , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Milstein David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe report the first example of homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation of the N=N bond of azo compounds using a complex of an earth‐abundant‐metal. The hydrogenation reaction is catalyzed by a manganese pincer complex, proceeds under mild conditions, and yields amines, which makes this methodology a sustainable alternative route for the conversion of azo compounds. A plausible mechanism involving metal‐ligand cooperation and hydrazine intermediacy is proposed based on mechanistic studies.magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Cascade Cyclization of o‐Diisocyanoarenes: Synthesis of Diethyl Benzo[a]phenazine‐6,6(5H)‐Dicarboxylate
Authors: Yuan Yao , Zhang Si‐Yuan , Dong Wu‐Heng , Wu Feng , Xie Xiao‐Min , Zhang Zhao‐Guo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced radical cascade cyclization of ortho‐diisocyanoarenes for the synthesis of diethyl benzo[a]phenazine‐6,6(5H)‐dicarboxylates has been developed. This process provides an efficient and convenient protocol for the construction of benzo[a]phenazine skeleton that widely present in biologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals. The reaction takes place under mild conditions and the products are obtained in moderate to excellent yields.magnified image
Vertically Aligned Nanostructured Topographies for Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Neuronal Cell Interrogation
Authors: Lestrell Esther , O'Brien Carmel M. , Elnathan Roey , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders are a widespread global health concern caused by aging, disease, and trauma, for which there are limited treatment options. Stem cell therapies, tissue engineering, and nanobiotechnologies offer hope for improved therapeutic delivery approaches, as well as tissue repair and regenerative medicine interventions. The complexity of the human brain, coupled with its limited availability for research, makes human neural lineage cells and their precursor stem cells integral to the further understanding of brain functions in health, development, and disease.Engineered nanomaterials provide highly specialized microenvironments, enabling precise interrogation of the impact of external and spatial stimuli on human neural cells in vitro, greatly advancing the knowledge of human neural function. Interacting with neural cells at the nanoscale, vertically aligned nanostructured (VA‐NS) arrays can influence cell fate and aid in more efficient cell reprogramming, and lend themselves to the development of highly targeted, sensitive signal transducer platforms suitable for in vivo monitoring of neural cell health and activity.This perspective highlights the current state of stem cell nanoneurobiology, specifically focusing on interdisciplinary advances made by VA‐NS arrays to manipulate human neural stem cells in translatable research applications. Current challenges and identify are discussed underexplored and emerging future research areas.
Self‐Selective Organic Memristor by Engineered Conductive Nanofilament Diffusion for Realization of Practical Neuromorphic System
Authors: Park Hea‐Lim , Kim Min‐Hwi , Kim Hyungjin , Lee Sin‐Hyung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSolution‐processed organic memristors are promising ingredients to realize smart wearable electronics including neural networks. In organic memristors, tunable functionality of materials allows for realizing bio‐realistic neuromorphic electronics in the view point of the mechanical and electrical characteristics. However, it is challenging to achieve high‐density crossbar arrays of organic memristors due to undesirable sneak currents arising from unselected cells. For inorganic systems, considerable effort has been made to fabricate practical arrays by employing external components to suppress sneak current. By contrast, in organic memristors, it is barely possible to achieve practical systems due to the solvent orthogonality limiting the integration of the devices. Herein, an unprecedented structure of organic memristors with high self‐selectivity is developed to realize practical crossbar arrays. In the developed memristor, the self‐selective characteristics are achieved by systematically engineering the conductive nanofilament diffusion in the polymer. The maximum size of the memristor arrays is found to be more than 1 Mbits, and the neural networks based on the developed device showed reliable recognition performance similar to ideal software systems. This novel concept of developing the organic memristor with high self‐selectivity will open a new platform for realizing next‐generation flexible memory and practical neuromorphic systems linked to artificial intelligence.
Laser Processing Methods for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Brooks Keith G. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe perovskite photovoltaic technology is now transitioning from basic research to the pre‐industrialization phase. In order to achieve reliable and high‐performance commercial perovskite solar modules, high throughput manufacturing technologies must now be adapted to the specific constraints and requirements imposed by the perovskite solar cells unique new chemistries, film deposition methodologies, and encapsulation requirements. Laser technologies will play an important role in the industrialization of these devices, both to achieve high active surface area modules and for the deposition and/or treatment of the critical layers. Industrial lasers will be essential to achieve active areas greater than 95% of the total area to retain the benefits of the very high performances reported for <1 cm2 laboratory cells. The speed of laser processing for the preparation of interconnects is unrivalled by comparison to other structuring methods. Recent reports of the use of lasers in upscaling perovskite solar cells are presented and analyzed here.
Fluoroethylamine Engineering for Effective Passivation to Attain 23.4% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability
Authors: Su Hang , Zhang Jing , Hu Yingjie , Du Xinyi , Yang Ying , You Jiaxue , Gao Lili , (Frank) Liu Shengzhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDefects in perovskite layers usually cause nonradiative recombination, impairing device performance and stability. Here, fluoroethylamine (FC2H4NH3, FEA) is integrated into the perovskite film to passivate defects. By engineering of different amounts of fluorine in the molecule, it is found that when 2‐fluoroethylamine (1FEA), in which one F bonds to the first carbon atom at the end of the molecule's structure, is used, the F atoms appear to be distributed throughout the bulk to the very surface. When 2,2‐difluoroethylamine (2FEA) and 2, 2, 2‐trifluoroethylamine (3FEA) are used, F is prone to distribution in the bulk of the perovskite film, while there appears to be no detectable F content on the surface. With the FEA passivation, the nonradiative recombination is suppressed, the carrier‐lifetime is improved to 840.01 ns, and the film‐air interface offers greater hydrophobicity, especially in the case of 1FEA, where because it is distributed throughout the film thickness, it passivates more defects and delivers the highest efficiency, as much as 23.40%. The device with 3FEA shows the best environmental stability; specifically, the bare cell without any encapsulation maintains 87% of its initial efficiency after exposure to the ambient environment for 1200 h.
Genome sequencing for detection of pathogenic deep intronic variation: A clinical case report illustrating opportunities and challenges
Authors: Walker Susan , Lamoureux Sylvia , Khan Tayyaba , Joynt Alyssa C. M. , Bradley Melissa , Branson Helen M. , Carter Melissa T. , Hayeems Robin Z. , Jagiello Lukasz , Marshall Christian R. , Meyn M. Stephen , Miller Steven P. , Wilson Diane , Scherer Stephen W. , Blaser Susan , Mireskandari Kamiar , Costain Gregory 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVariants in JAM3 have been reported in four families manifesting a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and cataracts. We describe a 7‐year‐old male with a similar presentation found by research‐based quad genome sequencing to have two novel splicing variants in trans in JAM3, including one deep intronic variant (NM_032801.4: c.256+1260G>C) not detectable by standard exome sequencing. Targeted sequencing of RNA isolated from transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines confirmed that each of the two variants has a deleterious effect on JAM3 mRNA splicing. The role for genome sequencing as a clinical diagnostic test extends to those patients with phenotypes strongly suggestive of a specific Mendelian disorder, especially when the causal genetic variant(s) are not found by a more targeted approach. Barriers to diagnosis via identification of pathogenic deep intronic variation include lack of laboratory consensus regarding in silico splicing prediction tools and limited access to clinically validated confirmatory RNA experiments.
Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of Beta3GalT6‐associated phenotypes
Authors: Leoni Chiara , Tedesco Marta , Radio Francesca Clementina , Chillemi Giovanni , Leone Antonio , Bruselles Alessandro , Ciolfi Andrea , Stellacci Emilia , Pantaleoni Francesca , Butera Gianfranco , Rigante Donato , Onesimo Roberta , Tartaglia Marco , Zampino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiallelic mutations in B3GALT6, coding for a galactosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have been associated with various clinical conditions, causing spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMDJL1 or SEMDJL Beighton type), Al‐Gazali syndrome (ALGAZ), and a severe progeroid form of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDSSPD2). In the 2017 Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) classification, Beta3GalT6‐related disorders were grouped in the spondylodysplastic EDSs together with spondylodysplastic EDSs due to B4GALT7 and SLC39A13 mutations. Herein, we describe a patient with a previously unreported homozygous pathogenic B3GALT6 variant resulting in a complex phenotype more severe than spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1, and having dural ectasia and aortic dilation as additionally associated features, further broadening the phenotypic spectrum of the Beta3GalT6‐related syndromes. We also document the utility of repeating sequencing in patients with uninformative exomes, particularly when performed by using “first generations” enrichment capture methods.
Exploring the Druggability of Conserved RNA Regulatory Elements in the SARS‐CoV‐2 Genome
Authors: Sreeramulu Sridhar , Richter Christian , Berg Hannes , Wirtz Martin Maria A. , Ceylan Betül , Matzel Tobias , Adam Jennifer , Altincekic Nadide , Azzaoui Kamal , Bains Jasleen Kaur , Blommers Marcel J. J. , Ferner Jan , Fürtig Boris , Göbel Michael , Grün J. Tassilo , Hengesbach Martin , Hohmann Katharina F. , Hymon Daniel , Knezic Bozana , Martins Jason N. , Mertinkus Klara R. , Niesteruk Anna , Peter Stephen A. , Pyper Dennis J. , Qureshi Nusrat S. , Scheffer Ute , Schlundt Andreas , Schnieders Robbin , Stirnal Elke , Sudakov Alexey , Tröster Alix , Vögele Jennifer , Wacker Anna , Weigand Julia E. , Wirmer‐Bartoschek Julia , Wöhnert Jens , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 contains a positive single‐stranded RNA genome of approximately 30 000 nucleotides. Within this genome, 15 RNA elements were identified as conserved between SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2. By nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we previously determined that these elements fold independently, in line with data from in vivo and ex‐vivo structural probing experiments. These elements contain non‐base‐paired regions that potentially harbor ligand‐binding pockets. Here, we performed an NMR‐based screening of a poised fragment library of 768 compounds for binding to these RNAs, employing three different 1H‐based 1D NMR binding assays. The screening identified common as well as RNA‐element specific hits. The results allow selection of the most promising of the 15 RNA elements as putative drug targets. Based on the identified hits, we derive key functional units and groups in ligands for effective targeting of the RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2.
A Unified Catalytic Asymmetric (4+1) and (5+1) Annulation Strategy to Access Chiral Spirooxindole‐Fused Oxacycles
Authors: Gao Min , Luo Yanshu , Xu Qianlan , Zhao Yukun , Gong Xiangnan , Xia Yuanzhi , Hu Lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA unified catalytic asymmetric (N+1) (N=4, 5) annulation reaction of oxindoles with bifunctional peroxides has been achieved in the presence of a chiral phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC). This general strategy utilizes peroxides as unique bielectrophilic four‐ or five‐atom synthons to participate in the C−C and the subsequent umpolung C−O bond‐forming reactions with one‐carbon unit nucleophiles, thus providing a distinct method to access the valuable chiral spirooxindole‐tetrahydrofurans and ‐tetrahydropyrans with good yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. DFT calculations were performed to rationalize the origin of high enantioselectivity. The gram‐scale syntheses and synthetic utility of the resultant products were also demonstrated.
1,3‐Alkyl Transposition in Allylic Alcohols Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhao Kuo , Seidler Gesa , Knowles Robert R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA method is described for the isomerization of acyclic allylic alcohols into β‐functionalized ketones via 1,3‐alkyl transposition. This reaction proceeds via light‐driven proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation of the O−H bond in the allylic alcohol substrate, followed by C−C β‐scission of the resulting alkoxy radical. The transient alkyl radical and enone acceptor generated in the scission event subsequently recombine via radical conjugate addition to deliver β‐functionalized ketone products. A variety of allylic alcohol substrates bearing alkyl and acyl migratory groups were successfully accommodated. Insights from mechanistic studies led to a modified reaction protocol that improves reaction performance for challenging substrates.
Strained and Reactive Donor/Acceptor‐Supported Metallasilanone
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Ramos‐Enríquez Manuel A. , Bellan Ekaterina , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Nakata Norio , Hashizume Daisuke , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA novel stable donor/acceptor‐supported MnI‐metallasilanone 3 was synthesized. The intramolecular silanone‐MnI interaction induces a highly strained three‐membered cyclic structure, leading to an exceptionally high reactivity of 3 as a donor/acceptor complex of silanone. Indeed, metallasilanone 3 readily reacts with various small molecules such as H2 or ethylene gas in mild conditions.
Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands Enable Cu‐Catalyzed Markovnikov Protoboration and Protosilylation of Terminal Alkynes: A Versatile Portal to Functionalized Alkenes**
Authors: Gao Yang , Yazdani Sima , Kendrick Aaron , Junor Glen P. , Kang Taeho , Grotjahn Douglas B. , Bertrand Guy , Jazzar Rodolphe , Engle Keary M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRegioselective hydrofunctionalization of alkynes represents a straightforward route to access alkenyl boronate and silane building blocks. In previously reported catalytic systems, high selectivity is achieved with a limited scope of substrates and/or reagents, with general solutions lacking. Herein, we describe a selective copper‐catalyzed Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes that is facilitated by strongly donating cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands. Using this method, both alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted alkynes are coupled with a variety of boryl and silyl reagents with high α‐selectivity. The reaction is scalable, and the products are versatile intermediates that can participate in various downstream transformations. Preliminary mechanistic experiments shed light on the role of CAAC ligands in this process.
Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed Diarylation/Annulation of Benzoic Acids: Facile Access to Multi‐Aryl Spirobifluorenes as Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for High‐Performance OLEDs
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Liu Zheng , Yang Ge , Wang Tianhong , Bin Zhengyang , Lan Jingbo , Wu Di , You Jingsong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein disclosed is the first example of diarylation/annulation of benzoic acids via an iridium catalyst system. This protocol provides a step‐economic and highly efficient pathway to 1‐aryl, 1,3‐diaryl, 1,7‐diaryl and 1,3,7‐triaryl spirobifluorenes from readily available starting materials. The applications of multi‐aryl spirobifluorenes as pure hydrocarbon (PHC) hosts for red, green, and blue (RGB) phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) were explored. Due to high triplet energies, 1,3‐diaryl spirobifluorenes exhibit the potential as the host material of blue PhOLEDs. 1,7‐Diaryl spirobifluorene can serve as the host of green PhOLEDs. 1,3,7‐Triaryl spirobifluorene is a high‐performance host for red PhOLEDs, which exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 27.3 %. This work not only exemplifies the great potential of multi‐aryl spirobifluorenes as PHC hosts, but also offers a new approach for the synthesis of these PHC hosts.
Silicon Naphthalocyanine Tetraimides: Cathode Interlayer Materials for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Chunsheng , Yao Jia , Chen Lie , Yuan Zhongyi , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Hu Yu , Zhao Xiaohong , Zhang Youdi , Chen Yiwang , Li Yongfang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNaphthalocyanine derivatives (SiNcTI‐N and SiNcTI‐Br) were firstly used as excellent cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) in organic solar cells, via introducing four electron‐withdrawing imide groups and two hydrophilic alkyls. Both of them showed deep LUMO energy levels (below −3.90 eV), good thermal stability (Td >210 °C), and strong self‐doping property. The SiNcTI‐Br CIM displayed high conductivity (4.5×10−5 S cm−1) and electron mobility (7.81×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1), which could boost the efficiencies of the PM6:Y6‐based OSCs over a wide range of CIM layer thicknesses (4–25 nm), with maximum efficiency of 16.71 %.
A Chemiluminescent Tetraaryl Diborane(4) Tetraanion
Authors: Budy Hendrik , Kaese Thomas , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo subvalent, redox‐active diborane(4) anions, [3]4− and [3]2−, carrying exceptionally high negative charge densities are reported: Reduction of 9‐methoxy‐9‐borafluorene with Li granules without stirring leads to the crystallization of the B(sp3)−B(sp2) diborane(5) anion salt Li[5]. [5]− contains a 2,2′‐biphenyldiyl‐bridged B−B core, a chelating 2,2′‐biphenyldiyl moiety, and a MeO substituent. Reduction of Li[5] with Na metal gives the Na+ salt of the tetraanion [3]4− in which two doubly reduced 9‐borafluorenyl fragments are linked via a B−B single bond. Comproportionation of Li[5] and Na4[3] quantitatively furnishes the diborane(4) dianion salt Na2[3], the doubly boron‐doped congener of 9,9′‐bis(fluorenylidene). Under acid catalysis, Na2[3] undergoes a formal Stone–Wales rearrangement to yield a dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivative with B=B core. Na2[3] shows boron‐centered nucleophilicity toward n‐butyl chloride. Na4[3] produces bright blue chemiluminescence when exposed to air.
Ruthenium‐Nanoparticle‐Loaded Hollow Carbon Spheres as Nanoreactors for Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid: Explicitly Recognizing the Void‐Confinement Effect
Authors: Yu Zhihao , Ji Na , Xiong Jian , Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Rui , Zhang Lidong , Lu Xuebin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs a typical class of man‐made nanoreactors, metal‐loaded hollow carbon nanostructures (MHC nanoreactors) exhibit competitive potentials in the heterogeneous catalysis due to their tailorable microenvironment effects, in which the void‐confinement effect is one of the most fundamental functions in boosting the catalytic performance. Herein this paper, Ru‐loaded hollow carbon spheres are employed as nanoreactors with a crucial biomass hydrogenation process, levulinic acid (LA) hydrogenation into γ‐valerolactone, as the probe reaction to further recognize the forming mechanism of this pivotal effect. We demonstrated that the void‐confinement effect of the selected MHC nanoreactors is essentially driven by an integrating action of electronic metal‐support interaction, reactant enrichment and diffusion, which are mainly ascribed to peculiar properties of hollow nanoreactors both in electronic and structural aspects, respectively. This work offers a distinct case for interpreting the catalytic behaviour of MHC nanoreactors, which could potentially promise broader insights into the microenvironment engineering strategies of hollow nanostructures.
Lineage‐specific vs. universal: A comparison of the Compositae1061 and Angiosperms353 enrichment panels in the sunflower family
Authors: Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Hidalgo Oriane , Palazzesi Luis , Pellicer Jaume , Pokorny Lisa , Maurin Olivier , Leitch Ilia J. , Forest Felix , Baker William J. , Mandel Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2021

PremisePhylogenetic studies in the Compositae are challenging due to the sheer size of the family and the challenges they pose for molecular tools, ranging from the genomic impact of polyploid events to their very conserved plastid genomes. The search for better molecular tools for phylogenetic studies led to the development of the family‐specific Compositae1061 probe set, as well as the universal Angiosperms353 probe set designed for all flowering plants. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which data generated using the family‐specific kit and those obtained with the universal kit can be merged for downstream analyses.MethodsWe used comparative methods to verify the presence of shared loci between probe sets. Using two sets of eight samples sequenced with Compositae1061 and Angiosperms353, we ran phylogenetic analyses with and without loci flagged as paralogs, a gene tree discordance analysis, and a complementary phylogenetic analysis mixing samples from both sample sets.ResultsOur results show that the Compositae1061 kit provides an average of 721 loci, with 9–46% of them presenting paralogs, while the Angiosperms353 set yields an average of 287 loci, which are less affected by paralogy. Analyses mixing samples from both sets showed that the presence of 30 shared loci in the probe sets allows the combination of data generated in different ways.DiscussionCombining data generated using different probe sets opens up the possibility of collaborative efforts and shared data within the synantherological community.
The cardioprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress and the Nrf2 signaling pathway: A review
Authors: Yarmohammadi Fatemeh , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCardiac diseases are emerging due to lifestyle, urbanization, and the accelerated aging process. Oxidative stress has been associated with cardiac injury progression through interference with antioxidant strategies and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is generated endogenously from l‐cysteine in various tissues including heart tissue. Pharmacological evaluation of H2S has suggested a potential role for H2S against diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and cardiotoxicity. Nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity is crucial for cell survival in response to oxidative stress. H2S up‐regulates Nrf2 expression and its related signaling pathway in myocytes. H2S also suppresses the expression and activity of ER stress‐related proteins. H2S has been reported to improve various cardiac conditions through antioxidant and anti‐ER stress‐related activities.