bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of repair activity by quantification of ribonucleotides in the genome
Authors: Iida Tetsushi , Iida Naoko , Sese Jun , Kobayashi Takehiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRibonucleotides incorporated in the genome are a source of endogenous DNA damage and also serve as signals for repair. Although recent advances of ribonucleotide detection by sequencing, the balance between incorporation and repair of ribonucleotides has not been elucidated. Here, we describe a competitive sequencing method, Ribonucleotide Scanning Quantification sequencing (RiSQ‐seq), which enables absolute quantification of misincorporated ribonucleotides throughout the genome by background normalization and standard adjustment within a single sample. RiSQ‐seq analysis of cells harboring wild‐type DNA polymerases revealed that ribonucleotides were incorporated nonuniformly in the genome with a 3′‐shifted distribution and preference for GC sequences. Although ribonucleotide profiles in wild‐type and repair‐deficient mutant strains showed a similar pattern, direct comparison of distinct ribonucleotide levels in the strains by RiSQ‐seq enabled evaluation of ribonucleotide excision repair activity at base resolution and revealed the strand bias of repair. The distinct preferences of ribonucleotide incorporation and repair create vulnerable regions associated with indel hotspots, suggesting that repair at sites of ribonucleotide misincorporation serves to maintain genome integrity and that RiSQ‐seq can provide an estimate of indel risk.
The effectiveness of cognitive‐behavioural therapy on emotional regulation and quality of life in children with Haemophilia
Authors: Arbab Siyar Nikoo , Amiri Majd Mojtaba , Baghdassarians Anita 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSummary and Background DataHaemophilia has known as an inherited bleeding disorder accompanied by remarkable pain, emotional distress, and impaired quality of life (QoL) and emotional regulation. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT), have cost‐effectiveness to promote emotional well‐being, QoL and emotional regulation; however, they have been scarcely used in the treatment of haemophilia.Objectives of the StudyThis research aimed at examining the effect of CBT on emotional regulation and QoL in children with haemophilia using quasi‐experimental research with pretest and post‐test design and a control group.Method30 subjects were selected using convenient sampling and divided into two groups (n = 15). Both groups responded to the QoL questionnaire, the Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) developed and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ‐k) in the pretest. The experimental group was then subjected to the CBT intervention through 9 sessions. The analysis of covariance was used for data analysis.ResultsThere was a significant increase in the QoL and emotion regulation in the experimental group than the control group.ConclusionThe CBT training was effective to stop negative thinking and control their anger at school and also to adopt more appropriate strategies to deal efficaciously with concerns in social situations. Awareness about the thoughts, feelings and behaviours and being able to solve problems enables children to have better social relations and friendships with peers and also in other social situations. It also can increase the QoL and emotion regulation.
High‐resolution upper Pliocene to Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1146A in the South China Sea
Authors: Emanuel Sara , Sato Tokiyuki , Chiyonobu Shun , Shyu J. Bruce H. , Bassi Davide , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe established a high‐resolution calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy for the late Pliocene–Pleistocene by analyzing a 242 m‐thick, continuous sedimentary succession from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1146, Hole A, in the South China Sea (SCS). A total of 14 calcareous nannofossil datums were detected in the SCS succession. They are, in descending order: first occurrence (FO) of Emiliania huxleyi, last occurrence (LO) of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, LO of Reticulofenestra asanoi, FO of Gephyrocapsa parallela, FO of R. asanoi, LO of large Gephyrocapsa spp., FO of large G. spp., FO of Gephyrocapsa oceanica, FO of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica, LO of Calcidiscus macintyrei, LO of Discoaster brouweri, LO of Discoaster pentaradiatus, LO of Discoaster surculus, and LO of Discoaster tamalis. The FO of E. huxleyi was not precisely detected due to poor preservation and dissolution of nannofossils in the underlying strata. We refined the previous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in the SCS by identifying Gephyrocapsa species and four evolutionary extinction events of the genus Discoaster. The proposed calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy correlates with those reported in other terrestrial and marine areas/sites and global benthic foraminiferal δ18O records. The age–depth curves based on nannofossil biostratigraphy indicate a significant increase in the sedimentation rates at the LO of R. asanoi (0.91–0.85 Ma). The timing of this increase corresponds to reef expansion in the Ryukyu Islands linked to a stepwise increase in Kuroshio Current intensity. This timing is broadly coeval with a sea surface temperature increase of ∼2 °C in the northwestern Pacific due to expansion of the Western Pacific Warm Pool towards the north and south subtropical regions. This can be explained by increased weathering and erosion of terrestrial areas in glacial periods and increased rainfall causing higher sediment transport in interglacial periods, which were both linked to Middle Pleistocene Transition‐related climatic changes.
Development and quality characteristics of functional Kulfi fortified with microencapsulated betalains
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Amandeep , Sridhar Kandi , Sharma Minaxi , Singh Tajendra Pal , Kumar Shiv 
Published: May 2021

SummaryFruit and vegetable waste valorisation has opened opportunities for the utilisation of food waste for extraction and development of valuable functional foods. Therefore, the study was designed to develop a functional Kulfi fortified with encapsulated betalains extracted from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) pomace. Moreover, fortified functional Kulfi samples were studied for physico‐chemical, antioxidant, microbiological and sensory analyses. Fortified functional Kulfi reported the higher antioxidant activity (64.88% and 75.27%) with reduced melting rate (1.84 mL min−1 and 2.08 mL min−1) and microbial profile (3.77 log CFU g−1 and 3.14 log CFU g−1) compared with control. Sensory analysis showed a no significant (P > 0.05) impact on the overall acceptability of functional Kulfi (7.25) compared with the commercial Kulfi (7.20), which was further confirmed by a bi‐plot of principal component analysis. Overall, the encapsulated betalains improved the quality characteristics of functional Kulfi and could be used for the development of frozen dairy products.
Life expectancy in metastatic prostate cancer patients according to racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Würnschimmel Christoph , Wenzel Mike , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Nocera Luigi , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F , Mirone Vincenzo , Chun Felix KH , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: May 2021

ObjectivesTo quantify the magnitude of differences between observed overall survival and respective, age‐adjusted Social Security Administration life tables‐derived life expectancy in Caucasian, African American, Hispanic/Latino and Asian metastatic prostate cancer patients. Furthermore, to test for differences in cancer‐specific mortality and other‐cause mortality according to race/ethnicity.MethodsWe relied on the 2004–2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to identify Caucasian, African American, Hispanic/Latino and Asian metastatic prostate cancer patients. Social Security Administration life tables were used to compute 10‐year life expectancy for comparisons with observed overall survival. Poisson regression plots showed cancer‐specific mortality relative to other‐cause mortality for each race/ethnicity.ResultsA total of 2574 (64.2%) patients were Caucasian, 753 (18.8%) were African American, 453 (11.3%) were Hispanic/Latino and 227 (5.7%) were Asian, respectively. The median age at diagnosis was 72 years in Caucasian patients, 68 years in African American patients, 70 years in Hispanic/Latino patients and 72 years in Asian patients. Observed overall survival rates were always lower compared with respective predicted life expectancy. The magnitude of the difference between observed overall survival and predicted life expectancy at 10 years was highest in African American patients (−52.2%), followed by Caucasian patients (−48.3%), Hispanic/Latino patients (−46.1%) and Asian patients (−37.4%). African American patients showed the highest cancer‐specific mortality rates (71.1%) and second‐highest other‐cause mortality rates (17.4% vs highest 18.4% in Caucasian patients), despite having the youngest age at diagnosis. Asian patients showed the lowest cancer‐specific mortality rates (65.5%, P < 0.0001) and lowest other‐cause mortality rates (13.3%, P = 0.04), despite having the oldest age at diagnosis.ConclusionsDespite having the youngest age at diagnosis, African American patients show the least favorable survival profile in metastatic prostate cancer. Conversely, Asian patients show the most favorable survival profile in metastatic prostate cancer, despite having the oldest age at diagnosis.
Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis*
Authors: Wang Jie , Lin Sinan , Brown Jonathan Mark , van Wagoner David , Fiocchi Claudio , Rieder Florian 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel obstruction is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease (CD), and the lack of anti‐fibrotic therapies makes elucidation of fibrosis mechanisms a priority. Progress has shown that mesenchymal cells, cytokines, microbial products, and mesenteric adipocytes are jointly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. This recent information puts prevention or reversal of intestinal strictures within reach through innovative therapies validated by reliable clinical trial endpoints. Here, we review the role of immune and non‐immune components of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, including new cell clusters, cytokine networks, host‐microbiome interactions, creeping fat, and their translation for endpoint development in anti‐fibrotic clinical trials.
Atrial fibrillation and atrial cardiomyopathies
Authors: Baman Jayson R. , Cox James L. , McCarthy Patrick M. , Kim Daniel , Patel Ravi B. , Passman Rod S. , Wilcox Jane E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia among adults. While there have been incredible advances in the management of AF and its clinical sequelae, investigation of atrial cardiomyopathies (ACMs) is becoming increasingly more prominent. ACM refers to the electromechanical changes—appreciated subclinically and/or clinically—that underlie atrial dysfunction and create an environment ripe for the development of clinically apparent AF. There are several subtypes of ACM, distinguished by histologic features. Recent progress in cardiovascular imaging, including echocardiography with speckle‐tracking (e.g., strain analysis), cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), and atrial 4‐D flow CMR, has enabled increased recognition of ACM. Identification of ACM and its features carry clinical implications, including elevating a patient's risk for development of AF, as well as associations with outcomes related to catheter‐based and surgical AF ablation. In this review, we explore the definition and classifications of ACM, its complex relationship with clinical AF, imaging modalities, and clinical implications. We propose next steps for a more unified approach to ACM recognition that can direct further research into this complex field.
Epicardial access complications during electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Romero Jorge , Patel Kavisha , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Alviz Isabella , Velasco Alejandro , Rodriguez Daniel , Karpenos Joseph , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPercutaneous epicardial access (EA) was first described more than two decades ago. Since its initial introduction, indications for its utilization in the field of electrophysiology have expanded dramatically.DiscussionEpicardial mapping and ablation in patients with ventricular tachycardia is routinely performed in tertiary electrophysiology centers around the world. Although limited by lack of randomized controlled trials, epicardial ablation for atrial fibrillation has been suggested as a conjunctive strategy in patients who have failed an initial endocardial catheter ablation attempt, and it is necessary for placement of some left atrial appendage occlusion devices as well. An accurate understanding of the cardiac anatomy is crucial to avoid complications such as inadvertent right ventricular puncture, injury to the coronary arteries, abdominal viscera, phrenic nerves, and esophagus during both EA and catheter ablation.ConclusionThe aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the cardiac anatomy, technical aspects to optimize the safety of epicardial puncture, recognize and avoid potential complications.
The effect of catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular papillary muscles on mitral valve function
Authors: Sink Joshua , Turin Alexander , Cytron Joseph , Green Alexander , Santucci Peter , Wilber David , Vasaiwala Samip , Vasaiwala Smit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAblation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) originating from the left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles (PM) has the potential to damage the mitral valve apparatus resulting in mitral regurgitation (MR). This study sought to evaluate the effect of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of a PM on MR severity.MethodsPatients with pre‐ and postablation transthoracic echocardiograms who underwent PM ablation for treatment of VA were retrospectively identified and compared to similar patients who underwent VA ablation at non‐PM sites. MR severity was evaluated pre‐ and postablation in both groups and graded as none/trace (Grade 0); mild/mild‐to‐moderate (Grade 1); moderate (Grade 2); moderate‐to‐severe/severe (Grade 3).ResultsA total of 45 and 49 patients were included in the PM and non‐PM groups, respectively. There were no significant baseline demographic differences. The PM group had longer RF ablation times (22.3 vs. 13.3 min, p < .01) compared to the non‐PM group. Most patients had low‐grade MR in both groups at baseline. Change in pre‐ versus postablation MR within the PM group was not statistically significant by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test (Figure 2, p = .46). MR severity following ablation was also evaluated using logistic regression models. The odds ratio for worsening MR in the PM group compared to non‐PM was 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.008–4.18, p = .29) after adjusting for comorbidities, LV ejection fraction, and LV internal end‐diastolic diameter.ConclusionRF ablation of VA originating from PM under intracardiac echocardiography guidance did not result in clinically or statistically significant worsening of MR.
NT5DC2 promotes leiomyosarcoma tumour cell growth via stabilizing unpalmitoylated TEAD4 and generating a positive feedback loop
Authors: Hu Bowen , Zhou Shijie , Hu Xuefeng , Zhang Hua , Lan Xiaorong , Li Mei , Wang Yunbing , Hu Qinsheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract5′‐Nucleotidase Domain Containing 2 (NT5DC2) is a novel oncoprotein, the regulatory effects of which have not been well characterized. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and functional regulation of NT5DC2 and its potential interplay with TEAD4 in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Bioinformatic analysis was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) program. LMS cell lines SK‐LMS‐1 and SK‐UT‐1 were used for both in vitro and in vivo analysis. Results showed that NT5DC2 is aberrantly upregulated in LMS. Its overexpression was associated with unfavourable survival. Deletion of NT5DC2 significantly reduced the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin A2, cyclin E1 and CDK1 and increased G1 phase arrest in LMS cell lines, and suppressed their proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. NT5DC2 interacted with unpalmitoylated TEAD4, and this association reduced TEAD4 degradation via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. TRIM27 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces K27/48‐linked ubiquitination of unpalmitoylated TEAD4 at Lys278. TEAD4 inhibition significantly suppressed LMS cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Dual‐luciferase assay demonstrated that TEAD4 could bind to the NT5DC2 promoter and activate its transcription. Based on these findings, we infer that the NT5DC2‐TEAD4 positive feedback loop plays an important role in LMS development and might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) overexpression promotes cartilage endplate‐derived stem cells (CESCs) to regulate molecular mechanisms related to repair of intervertebral disc degeneration by rat nucleus pulposus
Authors: Guan Yunzhi , Sun Chi , Zou Fei , Wang Hongli , Lu Feizhou , Song Jian , Liu Siyang , Xia Xinlei , Jiang Jianyuan , Ma Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo investigate the regulatory effect of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 (CHST3) in cartilage endplate‐derived stem cells (CESCs) on the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration after nucleus pulposus repair in rats. We performed GO and KEGG analysis of GSE15227 database to select the differential genes CHST3 and CSPG4 in grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ intervertebral disc degeneration, IHC and WB to detect the protein profile of CHST3 and CSPG4, Co‐IP for the interaction between CHST3 and CSPG4. Then, immunofluorescence was applied to measure the level of CD90 and CD105, and flow cytometry indicated the level of CD73, CD90 and CD105 in CESCs. Next, Alizarin red staining, Alcian blue staining and TEM were performed to evaluate the effects of CESCs into osteoblasts and chondroblasts, respectively, CCK8 for the cell proliferation of osteoblasts and chondroblasts after induction for different times; cell cycle of osteoblasts or chondroblasts was measured by flow cytometry after induction, and WB for the measurement of specific biomarkers of OC and RUNX in osteoblasts and aggrecan, collagen II in chondroblasts. Finally, colony formation was applied to measure the cell proliferation of CESCs transfected with ov‐CHST3 or sh‐CHST3 when cocultured with bone marrow cells, WB for the protein expression of CHST3, CSPG4 and ELAVL1 in CSECs, transwell assay for the migration of CESCs to bone marrow cells, TEM image for the cellular characteristics of bone marrow cells, and WB for the protein profile of VCAN, VASP, NCAN and OFD1 in bone marrow cells. CHST3 and CSPG4 were differentially expressed and interacted in grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ intervertebral disc degeneration; CD73, CD90 and CD105 were lowly expressed in CESCs, osteogenic or chondroblastic induction changed the characteristics, proliferation, cell cycle and specific biomarkers of osteoblasts and chondroblasts after 14 or 21 days,; CHST3 affected the cell proliferation, protein profile, migration and cellular features of cocultured CESCs or bone marrow cells. CHST3 overexpression promoted CESCs to regulate bone marrow cells through interaction with CSPG4 to repair the grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ intervertebral disc degeneration.
β‐Cell failure in diabetes: Common susceptibility and mechanisms shared between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ikegami Hiroshi , Babaya Naru , Noso Shinsuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is etiologically classified into type 1, type 2 and other types of diabetes. Despite distinct etiologies and pathogenesis of these subtypes, many studies have suggested the presence of shared susceptibilities and underlying mechanisms in β‐cell failure among different types of diabetes. Understanding these susceptibilities and mechanisms can help in the development of therapeutic strategies regardless of the diabetes subtype. In this review, we discuss recent evidence indicating the shared genetic susceptibilities and common molecular mechanisms between type 1, type 2 and other types of diabetes, and highlight the future prospects as well.
Neuroimmune metabolism: Uncovering the role of metabolic reprogramming in central nervous system disease
Authors: Korshoj Lee E. , Kielian Tammy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe rapidly expanding field of immunometabolism has highlighted an intricate association between the metabolic pathways that program cellular pro‐inflammatory versus anti‐inflammatory activity. This Special Issue on Neuroimmune Metabolism showcases a growing body of work characterizing the metabolic profiles of the major CNS‐resident and peripheral immune cell players in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and brain injury. The review articles address the roles of glycolytic, oxidative, and lipid metabolism that are associated with beneficial or detrimental properties in various neurological conditions, address unanswered questions in the field, and discuss promising avenues for future therapeutics.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15069
Minimally invasive aesthetic treatment of male patients: The importance of consultation and the lower third of the face
Authors: Mastroluca Erminio , Patalano Mariagrazia , Bertossi Dario 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundMen worry disproportionately about potential negative consequences of facial aesthetic treatment with injectable therapies, such as side effects or appearing more feminine. Features of the lower third of the face (eg, prominent chin and jaw) are particularly important in perceptions of masculinity. A strategy has been developed for male patients based on an initial consultation emphasizing the safety and masculinizing potential of injectables, followed by treatment with a high G’ hyaluronic acid filler targeting the lower third.AimsTo assess this strategy in routine practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of male patients with poor definition of the lower third of the face wishing to undergo non‐surgical correction. Initial consultation focused on detailed patient education and facial masculinization with injectables. Individuals were then treated in the lower third using VYC‐25 based on the standardized MD Codes approach. Follow‐up lasted ≤12 months.ResultsForty patients were included (mean age: 40.9 ± 9.6 years). The mean volume of VYC‐25 injected into the lower third was 7.8 ± 1.2 ml. Patient satisfaction was high, as assessed using the FACE‐Q “Satisfaction with outcome” questionnaire (mean Rasch‐transformed score: 88.1 ± 10.3). Complications included the following: soft tissue edema, n = 12 (30.0%); hematoma, n = 6 (15.0%); and telangiectasia, n = 2 (5.0%). All were early, transient, and minor; there were no major or delayed events.ConclusionsThis approach to male subjects was practical and safe despite the large volumes of filler used. Focusing on the lower third may help to reassure patients and deliver results that respect masculine identity.