bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different remineralizing agents on color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth following vital bleaching
Authors: Bilge Kübra , Kılıç Vahti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various remineralizing agents on the color stability and surface characteristics of the teeth after vital bleaching. The extracted 96 human incisors were used for the study. Initially, the samples were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to in‐office and at‐home bleaching agents. Then, the groups were divided into six subgroups (n = 8), including the control group did not undergo remineralization after bleaching, according to five remineralizing agents (Gelato APF Gel, Remin Pro, Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, Curodont Protect). Surface roughness was assessed at baseline, after bleaching and remineralization procedures. Color measurements of the samples were obtained at baseline, after bleaching and then after immersion in the staining solution following remineralization process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyzes were carried out in order to examine the morphological changes on the surface of the enamel. The independent t‐test, paired‐samples t‐test, and one‐way ANOVA was used to compare the data and post‐hoc LSD test to compare the difference among the study groups (α = .05). Surface roughness increased following in‐office and at‐home bleaching in all groups, and reduced after application of remineralizing agents in all groups. Significant differences were found among the groups with respect to changes in surface roughness and color values following treatment with remineralizing agents (p <.05). AFM analyses revealed increased surface roughness after bleaching and a reduction of rough surfaces following treatment with remineralizing agents. Remineralizing agents can be used to reduce postbleaching increase in surface roughness and to maintain color stability after bleaching.
Targeted metabolomics revealed changes in phospholipids during the development of neuroinflammation in Abcd1tm1Kds mice and X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
Authors: Kettwig Matthias , Klemp Henry , Nessler Stefan , Streit Frank , Krätzner Ralph , Rosewich Hendrik , Gärtner Jutta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is the most common leukodystrophy. Despite intensive research in recent years, it remains unclear, what drives the different clinical disease courses. Due to this missing pathophysiological link, therapy for the childhood cerebral disease course of X‐ALD (CCALD) remains symptomatic; the allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or hematopoietic stem‐cell gene therapy is an option for early disease stages. The inclusion of dried blood spot (DBS) C26:0‐lysophosphatidylcholine to newborn screening in an increasing number of countries is leading to an increasing number of X‐ALD patients diagnosed at risk for CCALD. Current follow‐up in asymptomatic boys with X‐ALD requires repetitive cerebral MRIs under sedation. A reliable and easily accessible biomarker that predicts CCALD would therefore be of great value. Here we report the application of targeted metabolomics by AbsoluteIDQ p180‐Kit from Biocrates to search for suitable biomarkers in X‐ALD. LysoPC a C20:3 and lysoPC a C20:4 were identified as metabolites that indicate neuroinflammation after induction of experimental autoimmune encephalitis in the serum of Abcd1tm1Kds mice. Analysis of serum from X‐ALD patients also revealed different concentrations of these lipids at different disease stages. Further studies in a larger cohort of X‐ALD patient sera are needed to prove the diagnostic value of these lipids for use as early biomarkers for neuroinflammation in CCALD patients.
Network dynamic model of epidemic transmission introducing a heterogeneous control factor
Authors: Sheng Huaxiong , Wu Lin , Wu Tingting , Peng Bo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 epidemic is not only a medical issue but also a sophisticated social problem. We propose a network dynamics model of epidemic transmission introducing a heterogeneous control factor. The proposed model applied the classical susceptible‐ exposed‐infectious‐recovered model to the network based on effective distance and was modified by introducing a heterogeneous control factor with temporal and spatial characteristics. International aviation data were approximately used to estimate the flux fraction matrix, and the effective distance was calculated. Through parameter estimation and simulation, the theoretical values of the modified model fit well with practical values. By adjusting the parameters and observing the change of the results, we found that the modified model is more in line with the actual needs and has higher credibility in the comprehensive analysis. The assessment shows that the number of confirmed cases worldwide will reach about 20 million optimistically. In severe cases, the peak value will exceed 80 million, and the late stage of the epidemic shows a long tail shape, lasting more than one and a half years. The effective way to control the global epidemic is to strengthen international cooperation and to impose international travel restrictions and other measures.
Characterization of the alumina oxide, copper and nickel powders and their processing intended for fabrication of the novel hybrid composite: A comparative study
Authors: Zygmuntowicz J. , Bulski B. , Szymańska J. , Piotrkiewicz P. , Kaszuwara W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was the fabrication and characterization of the novel hybrid composite from the Al2O3/Cu/Ni system. The research included the production of composite specimens by uniaxial pressing and their further sintering. The influence of the ceramic and metallic powders and their sintering temperature on the microstructure of composites was investigated. The firing process was conducted in reducing the atmosphere at three different temperatures, selected on the basis of the copper‐nickel phase diagram: 1100 °C, 1260 °C, 1400 °C. Reference samples of Al2O3/Cu were also produced in the same way for comparative purposes. The addition of the third component, which together with copper will form a Ni−Cu solid solution, was intended to improve the wettability of ceramic matrix through a liquid metallic phase, and thus to reduce the phenomenon of the liquid metal flow on samples surface during sintering. However, it had an impact on physical and mechanical properties.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of CoCrFeNiMnTix high‐entropy alloys
Authors: Shahmir H. , Derakhshandeh A. , Hallstedt B. , Nili‐Ahmadabadi M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of titanium addition on the microstructure and properties of an equitaomic CoCrFeNiMn high‐entropy alloy. Homogenized microstructures of CoCrFeNiMnTix (x = 0.1 and 0.3) alloys consist of face‐centered cubic phase; however, addition of more titanium led to formation of a (chromium, titanium)‐rich σ phase in CoCrFeNiMnTi0.4 alloy. The average electron hole number calculations indicate the higher possibility of σ phase formation by adding more titanium. Furthermore, addition of an atom like titanium with a larger atomic radius in comparison with other elements can affect stability of face‐centered cubic structure. Chromium and manganese has a destabilizing influence on the single face‐centered cubic phase and manganese may reject chromium to facilitate the formation of a (chromium, titanium)‐rich phase in alloys containing more than 5.5 at.% titanium (x>0.3). The mechanical properties revealed an improvement in strength without losing the ductility drastically by adding titanium up to 5.5 at.% (x = 0.3). Nevertheless, the strength remarkably increased and ductility significantly decreased in CoCrFeNiMnTi0.4 alloy due to formation of brittle σ phase in the microstructure.
Mechanical behavior and wear characteristics of fine grained ZE41 magnesium alloy
Authors: Kiran Babu B. , Jawahar Babu A. , Ranga Janardhana G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZE41 magnesium alloy was successfully produced by friction stir processing and grain refinement was achieved from a starting size of 107 μm±6.7 μm to 3.5 μm±1.5 μm. MgZn intermetallic which was appeared as network like structure at the grain boundaries before friction stir processing was greatly affected due to the severe plastic deformation and broken as small particles as observed from the microstructural studies. Higher hardness (≈30 %) was measured for the fine grained ZE41 magnesium alloy compared with the base alloy due to the grain refinement. From the tensile tests, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength was significantly increased at the cost of decreased ductility reflected in lower strain for the fine grained ZE41 compared with the base alloy. Wear studies showed higher coefficient of friction and lower mass loss for the grain refined ZE41 magnesium alloy. From the results, it can be understood that the grain refinement achieved by friction stir processing has a profound influence on enhancing the mechanical and tribological properties of ZE41 magnesium alloy.
Single‐wall carbon nanotubes‐chitosan nanocomposites: Surface wettability, mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Rodrigues M.Á.V. , Horn M.M. , Martins V.C.A. , Plepis A.M.G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFunctionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes (f‐SWCN) are dispersed in chitosan films by self‐assembly of both components in aqueous media. This carbon form is a promising nanofiller to achieve nanocomposites with refined thermal, mechanical and surface features. In this study, we investigated the influence of functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes concentration on the resulting properties of the nanocomposites structures. Functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes are dispersed on a molecular scale in the polymeric matrix due to electrostatic interactions between both components. The thermal and mechanical properties have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively, while their wettability is studied by water contact angle measurements. Mechanical resistance of the films is improved up to 18 % with the addition of functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes, but the thermal stability is expressively reduced. A decrease in the surface hydrophobicity of 25 % is obtained after the inclusion of the nanofiller.
Process parameter dependencies of continuous and pulsed laser modes on surface polishing of additive manufactured aluminium AlSi10Mg parts
Authors: Hofele M. , Schanz J. , Roth A. , Harrison D.K. , De Silva A.K.M. , Riegel H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLaser powder bed fusion is a well‐established 3D printing technique for metal alloys, but exhibits a poor surface quality. Laser polishing provides the possibility of a fast contact‐free and fully‐automatable surface treatment. This paper deals with the experimental investigation of laser polishing of laser powder bed fusion parts made of aluminium AlSi10Mg. Laser polishing is done with a 4 kW solid state disc laser in combination with a multi‐axis system and a one dimensional scanner optic. The laser is operated at continuous and pulsed operation mode. The parameter study reveals a high dependency of the achievable roughness on the laser beam intensity, the track and pulse overlap, the energy density and the number of polishing passes and polishing directions. Pulsed laser polishing mode with up to four passes from different directions revealed the lowest surface roughness of 0.14 μm Ra. With respect to the initial average surface roughness of Ra = 8.03 μm a reduction of the surface roughness of greater than 98 % could be achieved. Polishing with continuous laser radiation at one polishing pass resulted in Ra = 0.23 μm at an area rate of 20 cm2/min. Laser polishing using four passes achieved a further improvement up to Ra = 0.14 μm.
On the links between nature's values and language
Authors: Inglis Dylan , Pascual Unai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent research into the plural values about nature is focusing on relational values as a concept through which to better understand the breadth and importance of situated human–nature relations. However, potential relevance of language as a mediating factor in relational values has not been sufficiently examined.To investigate the links between language and values, we explore the influence of the ancient non‐Indo‐European Basque language (‘Euskara’) upon people's relationships with mountain forests in the Western Pyrenees of the Basque Country.Results based on triangulation of data from Q‐methodology, focus groups and a socio‐demographic survey indicate that while relational values are highly rated in all principal viewpoints about local forests, there is an emergent perspective that emphasises Euskara's key role in relations with the forest via cultural identity and place attachment.We conclude that positive relational values linked to Euskara may be seen as key levers for local sustainability transitions.The fact that positive rapports with language can have a meaningful role in human–nature relations points to the need for further research into the consequential links between biological and linguistic diversity.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The Quantum Technology Puzzle Game
Authors: Sprenger Benjamin , Krok Patrizia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe quantum revolution has reached its second phase. While the first phase brought us new technologies like transistors, semiconductors, lasers, and satellite‐based navigation techniques, we are now able to exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for tasks like communication, computation, simulation, or sensing and metrology. In the second phase, we expect to see the first novel quantum devices replace classical devices due to their superior performance.
Clinical features and follow‐up of pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID‐19
Authors: Tang Feng , Luo Wanjun , Wang Xiaowen , Li Hui , Mei Hong , Shao Jianbo , Song Qifa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis report summarizes the clinical features and 1‐month follow‐up observations for pediatric patients who were hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan Women and Children's Hospital.MethodsThe 1‐month follow‐up data included clinical manifestations and results from serum severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) IgG and IgM tests, reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2, lung computed tomography (CT) scans, and laboratory tests.ResultsBetween January 20 and March 15, 2020, 127 patients aged 0–15 years were hospitalized for COVID‐19 treatment, including 3 severe cases and 124 mild or moderate cases. The main therapies included inhalation of aerosolized interferon‐α (122/127) and additional antiviral drugs (28/127). Among the 81 patients who had pneumonia at admission, 35 with right lobe pneumonia had the longest hospital stay (mean 14.5 ± 7 days); 17 with left lobe pneumonia had the highest creatine kinase (154 ± 106 U/L) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK‐MB, 43 ± 48 U/L) levels; and 29 with bilateral pneumonia had the highest white blood cell counts (8.3 ± 4 × 109/L). Among the 46 patients who were successfully followed up 1 month after discharge, two notable findings were right lobe pneumonia in 22% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11%–37%) of patients and persistently elevated serum creatine kinase and CK‐MB levels. The median duration of elevated CK‐MB was 45 days. The mean concentrations of serum SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and IgM in 41 patients were 8.0 ± 7.5 and 98 ± 40 ng/ml, respectively. At follow‐up, four patients retested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2.ConclusionsThe involvement of different lung lobes in patients with COVID‐19 was associated with variations in the persistence of pneumonia and elevation of CK‐MB levels and body temperature.
Inverse probability of censoring weighting for visual predictive checks of time‐to‐event models with time‐varying covariates
Authors: Bartels Christian , Dumortier Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen constructing models to summarize clinical data to be used for simulations, it is good practice to evaluate the models for their capacity to reproduce the data. This can be done by means of Visual Predictive Checks (VPC), which consist of several reproductions of the original study by simulation from the model under evaluation, calculating estimates of interest for each simulated study and comparing the distribution of those estimates with the estimate from the original study. This procedure is a generic method that is straightforward to apply, in general. Here we consider the application of the method to time‐to‐event data and consider the special case when a time‐varying covariate is not known or cannot be approximated after event time. In this case, simulations cannot be conducted beyond the end of the follow‐up time (event or censoring time) in the original study. Thus, the simulations must be censored at the end of the follow‐up time. Since this censoring is not random, the standard KM estimates from the simulated studies and the resulting VPC will be biased. We propose to use inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPoC) method to correct the KM estimator for the simulated studies and obtain unbiased VPCs. For analyzing the Cantos study, the IPoC weighting as described here proved valuable and enabled the generation of VPCs to qualify PKPD models for simulations. Here, we use a generated data set, which allows illustration of the different situations and evaluation against the known truth.
A semiparametric modeling approach for analyzing clinical biomarkers restricted to limits of detection
Authors: Dutta Sandipan , Halabi Susan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBefore biomarkers can be used in clinical trials or patients' management, the laboratory assays that measure their levels have to go through development and analytical validation. One of the most critical performance metrics for validation of any assay is related to the minimum amount of values that can be detected and any value below this limit is referred to as below the limit of detection (LOD). Most of the existing approaches that model such biomarkers, restricted by LOD, are parametric in nature. These parametric models, however, heavily depend on the distributional assumptions, and can result in loss of precision under the model or the distributional misspecifications. Using an example from a prostate cancer clinical trial, we show how a critical relationship between serum androgen biomarker and a prognostic factor of overall survival is completely missed by the widely used parametric Tobit model. Motivated by this example, we implement a semiparametric approach, through a pseudo‐value technique, that effectively captures the important relationship between the LOD restricted serum androgen and the prognostic factor. Our simulations show that the pseudo‐value based semiparametric model outperforms a commonly used parametric model for modeling below LOD biomarkers by having lower mean square errors of estimation.
Hybrid event‐triggered control of linear multiagent systems via a fully distributed approach
Authors: Luo Shengping , Ye Dan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article studies the problem of event‐triggered consensus for linear multiagent systems. Leaderless and leader‐following cases are considered here. By adopting adaptive technology and utilizing the relationship between parameters, novel fully distributed control schemes are proposed. Both the control updates and the communication consumption between agents can be declined under the designed hybrid event‐triggered controller. Meanwhile, different from some existing event‐based control schemes, the projection operator is avoided so that the developed controllers use only local signal, which relies on neither the minimum nonzero eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix nor the total number of agents. The designed control schemes can ensure that leaderless and leader‐following consensus to be achieved asymptotically, and Zeno behavior is excluded by presenting a hybrid event‐triggered mechanism. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control protocols.
Global software engineering in the age of GitHub and zoom
Authors: Herbsleb James 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMuch has changed since the inaugural ICGSE conference in 2006. Tools have improved, awareness of cultural differences is widespread, and developments such as the foregrounding of open source have all enhanced our ability to work across geographic divides. But the pervasive and profound impact of software in the world—especially for societal scale systems such as social media—forces new and deeply challenging responsibilities on both developers and academics. We must find better ways of incorporating ethics into our development practices and pay far more attention to harmful unintended consequences as deployed systems interact with and often disrupt crucial social systems.
Electrochemical Sensing Platforms of Dihydroxybenzene: Part 2 – Nanomaterials Excluding Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Authors: Abu Nayem S. M. , Shaheen Shah Syed , Sultana Nasrin , Abdul Aziz Md. , Saleh Ahammad A. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe high surface‐to‐volume ratio and desirable chemical, thermal, and catalytic properties of nanomaterials have made them promising electrode materials for sensing applications. As such, different nanomaterials and their nanocomposite‐based individual and/or simultaneous detection of dihydroxybenzene (DHB) have been reported in recent years. Due to the low degradation rate and high toxicity of DHB isomers, the development of innovative and robust sensors for their simultaneous detection has received considerable attention. In this review, applications of different nanomaterials (with the exception of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their derivatives) for individual and/or simultaneous detection of DHB are briefly discussed. The focal point is on the characteristic features of the modified electrodes that improve their electrocatalytic activities toward DHB. Real sample analysis and electrolyte media are also summarized. This review includes studies published from 2011 to 2020.
Methane production from anaerobic digestion of dairy grease trap waste: Effect of sugarcane bagasse addition
Authors: Egerland Bueno Beatriz , Rosero Henao Jenny Carolina , Rabelo Sarita Cândida , Gomes Tamara Maria , Ribeiro Rogers , Tommaso Giovana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLipids are attractive substrates for anaerobic digestion due to their high methane production yield. However, high concentrations of lipids may cause problems in anaerobic processes. Typically, grease trap waste is mechanically removed and discharged, both generating environmental issues and wasting a potential energy source. In this study, grease trap waste from a dairy wastewater treatment plant was subjected to anaerobic digestion. Untreated and pretreated sugarcane bagasse was evaluated as fat adsorbents to reduce the inhibitory effect of the fatty waste. The bagasse pretreated by the organosolv method was the condition that most contributed to increased methane production (82%) from anaerobic digestion of dairy fatty waste at 0.5 g COD.g–1TVS concentration. Untreated bagasse provided the second‐best condition, followed by hydrothermally treated bagasse, presenting no statistical difference. The obtained results showed the potential of using sugarcane bagasse as a strategy to reduce the inhibitory effect of the fatty waste from the dairy grease trap, making this waste another possible source for generating biogas.