bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Phytoconstituents using GC-MS and Determination of Antimicrobial and Antimycobacterial Activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Leaves
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Singh Veer Inder 
Published: July 2021

Background: To identify bioactive phytoconstituents and evaluate antimicrobial and antimycobacterial potential of Boerhaavia diffusa leaves against selective human pathogens.
Methods: The extract of Boerhaavia diffusa leaves was carried out by using methanol. Bioactive compounds was identified by GC-MS. Antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activity of methanolic extract Boerhaavia diffusa leaves was tested in vitro by Kirby-Bauer well diffusion method and rapid culture - MGITTM DST method against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus & Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida, Aspergillus and M. tuberculosis (H37RV ) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria resistant to Isoniazid & Rifampicine.
Results: The obtained results of the GC-MS of Boerhavia diffusa led to the identity of 16 bioactive compounds. The crude extract showed antimicrobial activity against E.coli (Sensitive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Sensitive) but extract did not show antimicrobial effect against, E.coli (ESBL), Klebsiella pneumonia (Sensitive), Klebsiella pneumonia (ESBL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Resistant), Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates. The result of anti-mycobacterial activity showed that extract not showed antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis (H37RV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria resistant to Isoniazid & Rifampicine.
Conclusion: The study result proved that methanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa leaves has antimicrobial potential due to the presence of the bioactive compounds.
Study of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological Parameters and Lipid Profile in Vidharbha Region, India
Authors: Bhadarge Gangaram , Ambad Ranjit , Bankar Nandkishor , Kotecha Raunak 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Cigarette smoke increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke are also examples of ischaemic heart disease. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 substances that have a negative or minimal effect on human health, including free radicals, nicotine, and the most important carbon monoxide in the pharmacy. Tobacco smoke kills 6 million people a year, many from lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). When opposed to never-smokers, smokers lose 10–15 years of life on average, and they begin to develop tobacco-related disorders such as coronary disease.
Aim: Study of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological parameters and Lipid Profile in Vidharbha Region
Material and Method: 25 subjects were smokers and 25 subjects were non-smokers. Patients went directly to the Observed Treatment Short-course focus in the Dept. of Medicine and Dept. of Respiratory, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Center.
Result: Patients who were non-smokers and smokers were compared. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL are statistically higher in smokers than non-smokers, but the same is true for HDL-cholesterol. Smokers had slightly lower HDL cholesterol than non-smokers.
Conclusion: The smokers in this sample had dyslipidaemia as well as a large rise in haemoglobin and haematocrit. The RBC count rises as the rate of smoking rises, as it does in heavy smokers, and the altered lipid profile worsens. This dyslipidaemia in smokers can expose the vascular endothelium to potentially atherogenic lipoproteins, placing smokers at higher risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques and heart disease. As a result, quitting smoking early can alter these processes, which may prevent any major health risks.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Terminalia chebula and Piper nigrum against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bellamkonda Pavani , Koothati Ramesh Kumar , Bee Aamina , Desai Abhishree , Aarthi G. K. , Aarthi R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Dental caries is an infectious disease in which S. mutans plays a key role. Haphazard and irrational use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance and fatal diarrhoeal diseases in children. Antimicrobial potency of Terminalia chebula and Piper nigrum extracts against several bacterial strains have been documented. The aims of this study were to assess and compare the antimicrobial activities of T. chebula and P. nigrum extracts against S. mutans with Ciprofloxacin as the positive control.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, S. mutans was isolated from plaque samples of people with active caries lesions. Antimicrobial potency of both T. chebula and P.nigrum were tested using agar well diffusion method.
Results: All the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans bacteria. Regarding the two tested herbs extracts, a higher antimicrobial activity was shown by the methanol extract of T. chebula with a mean diameter of inhibition zone was 26.75mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25mg /ml concentration followed by acetonic extract.
Conclusion: These findings confirm the Antimicrobial potency of T. chebula which can be used as an alternative antibiotic and/or in combination with allopathic antibiotics to prevent the antibiotic resistance.
Code Wisely: Risk assessment and mitigation for custom clinical software
Authors: Cardan Rex A. , Covington Elizabeth L. , Popple Richard A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe task of software development has become an increasing part of the medical physicist's role. Many physicists who are untrained in the best practices of software development have begun creating scripts for clinical use. There is an increasing need for guidance for both developers and medical physicists to code wisely in the clinic.Materials and MethodsWe created a novel model for assessing risk for custom clinical software analogous to failure modes and effects analysis and propose minimum best practices that should be followed to mitigate the risks. Using this risk model, we integrated a literature review and institutional experience to form a practical guide for risk mitigation.ResultsUsing this new risk assessment model, we outlined several risk mitigation techniques including unit testing, code review, source control, end‐user testing, and commissioning from the literature while sharing our institutional guidelines for evaluating software for risk and implementing these strategies.ConclusionWe found very little literature for custom software development guidelines targeted at medical physicists. We have shared our institutional experience and guidelines to help facilitate safe software development for the evolving role of the medical physicist.
Clinical implementation of automated treatment planning for whole‐brain radiotherapy
Authors: Han Eun Young , Cardenas Carlos E. , Nguyen Callistus , Hancock Donald , Xiao Yao , Mumme Raymond , Court Laurence E. , Rhee Dong Joo , Netherton Tucker J. , Li Jing , Yeboa Debra Nana , Wang Chenyang , Briere Tina M. , Balter Peter , Martel Mary K. , Wen Zhifei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to develop and clinically deploy an automated, deep learning‐based approach to treatment planning for whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT). We collected CT images and radiotherapy treatment plans to automate a beam aperture definition from 520 patients who received WBRT. These patients were split into training (n = 312), cross‐validation (n = 104), and test (n = 104) sets which were used to train and evaluate a deep learning model. The DeepLabV3+ architecture was trained to automatically define the beam apertures on lateral‐opposed fields using digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs).For the beam aperture evaluation, 1st quantitative analysis was completed using a test set before clinical deployment and 2nd quantitative analysis was conducted 90 days after clinical deployment. The mean surface distance and the Hausdorff distances were compared in the anterior‐inferior edge between the clinically used and the predicted fields. Clinically used plans and deep‐learning generated plans were evaluated by various dose–volume histogram metrics of brain, cribriform plate, and lens.The 1st quantitative analysis showed that the average mean surface distance and Hausdorff distance were 7.1 mm (±3.8 mm) and 11.2 mm (±5.2 mm), respectively, in the anterior–inferior edge of the field. The retrospective dosimetric comparison showed that brain dose coverage (D99%, D95%, D1%) of the automatically generated plans was 29.7, 30.3, and 32.5 Gy, respectively, and the average dose of both lenses was up to 19.0% lower when compared to the clinically used plans. Following the clinical deployment, the 2nd quantitative analysis showed that the average mean surface distance and Hausdorff distance between the predicted and clinically used fields were 2.6 mm (±3.2 mm) and 4.5 mm (±5.6 mm), respectively.In conclusion, the automated patient‐specific treatment planning solution for WBRT was implemented in our clinic. The predicted fields appeared consistent with clinically used fields and the predicted plans were dosimetrically comparable.
Beneficial effects of the 30‐minute door‐to‐needle time standard for alteplase administration
Authors: Rajan Suja S. , Decker‐Palmer Marquita , Wise Jessica , Dao Thanh , Salem Cindy , Savitz Sean I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe American Heart Association recently raised the bar on the timely treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with intravenous alteplase. Our study looks at the effectiveness of this new standard, by examining the effect of varying door‐to‐needle times of alteplase initiation on the clinical, quality of care, and efficiency of care outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study examined 752 AIS patients treated with intravenous alteplase in a large academic health system during 2015–2018, and compared their outcomes after treatment within 30, 45, and 60 min of arrival. The outcomes compared were: (1) clinical – discharge and 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and post‐intravenous alteplase (24‐h) NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS); (2) quality of care – inpatient mortality, 30‐day readmission, discharge to home, and disability at discharge; (3) efficiency of care – length of stay (LOS) and index stroke hospitalization costs. Adjusted logistic and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effects, after controlling for baseline characteristics.ResultsBased on the adjusted regression analyses, treatment within 30 min of arrival was associated with better post‐treatment mRS and NIHSS scores, and the clinical benefits were reduced when the windows were expanded to within 45 or 60 min. An important finding of the study was that treatment within 30 min of arrival significantly reduced the average LOS.InterpretationEarly intravenous alteplase treatment significantly improved clinical and efficiency of care outcomes. This study provides evidence that meeting the new AHA Target Stroke recommendations will help hospitals improve patient clinical outcomes and reduce LOS, thereby improving the efficiency of care standards.
Diaphragm dysfunction in severe COVID‐19 as determined by neuromuscular ultrasound
Authors: Farr Ellen , Wolfe Alexis R. , Deshmukh Swati , Rydberg Leslie , Soriano Rachna , Walter James M. , Boon Andrea J. , Wolfe Lisa F. , Franz Colin K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany survivors from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) suffer from persistent dyspnea and fatigue long after resolution of the active infection. In a cohort of 21 consecutive severe post‐COVID‐19 survivors admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital, 16 (76%) of them had at least one sonographic abnormality of diaphragm muscle structure or function. This corresponded to a significant reduction in diaphragm muscle contractility as represented by thickening ratio (muscle thickness at maximal inspiration/end‐expiration) for the post‐COVID‐19 compared to non‐COVID‐19 cohorts. These findings may shed new light on neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction as a contributor to prolonged functional impairments after hospitalization for post‐COVID‐19.
Metabolism‐based therapies for epilepsy: new directions for future cures
Authors: Cervenka Mackenzie , Pascual Juan M. , Rho Jong M. , Thiele Elizabeth , Yellen Gary , Whittemore Vicky , Hartman Adam L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThousands of years after dietary therapy was proposed to treat seizures, how alterations in metabolism relates to epilepsy remains unclear, and metabolism‐based therapies are not always effective.MethodsWe consider the state of the science in metabolism‐based therapies for epilepsy across the research lifecycle from basic to translational to clinical studies.ResultsThis analysis creates a conceptual framework for creative, rigorous, and transparent research to benefit people with epilepsy through the understanding and modification of metabolism.InterpretationDespite intensive past efforts to evaluate metabolism‐based therapies for epilepsy, distinct ways of framing a problem offer the chance to engage different mindsets and new (or newly applied) technologies. A comprehensive, creative, and inclusive problem‐directed research agenda is needed, with a renewed and stringent adherence to rigor and transparency across all levels of investigation.
New Phenothiazine Derivatives That Exhibit Photoinduced Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Gong Yanxiang , Ren Jia , Tu Liangjing , Tang Ben Zhong , Li Zhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe research of purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with stimulus response characteristic has drawn increasing attention for their broad application prospects. However, these kinds of materials are really scarce now, especially for those with efficient RTP emissions, which have largely limited their practical applications. Here, an all‐around‐type player in the field of photoinduced phosphorescence material appears, whose RTP efficiency can increase from near 0 to 22% after continuous UV irradiation. Correspondingly, the UV‐written patterns based on them can be clearly observed by the naked eye in daytime or even under sunlight. Moreover, these materials are found to show excellent photostability, and the strong RTP emission can still be observed after repeated activation for more than 50 times. The high RTP efficiency and good photostability make these photoinduced RTP materials exhibit an attractive prospect for potential applications in many fields, including leak test, microcrack detection, programmable information storage, and encryption.
Jammed Emulsions with Adhesive Pea Protein Particles for Elastoplastic Edible 3D Printed Materials
Authors: Sridharan Simha , Meinders Marcel B. J. , Sagis Leonard M. , Bitter Johannes H. , Nikiforidis Constantinos V. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract3D printed materials are of great relevance to produce medicinal scaffolds and specialized foods. An approach to forming 3D printable materials is to use jammed oil droplets. Jammed oil droplets are highly viscous and can be extruded through the nozzle of a 3D printer, while after chemical cross‐linking they acquire a self‐standing ability. However, the molecules currently used to stabilize and cross‐link the oil droplets have questionable biocompatibility. Therefore, this study aims to produce a 3D printable jammed emulsion using pea proteins. This jammed oil‐in‐water emulsion is remarkably stable and viscoelastic enough to be extruded through the printer nozzle. Adhesive pea protein particles formed by pH adjustment act as physical cross‐links between the oil droplets, forming a scaffold with elastoplastic rheological properties that flows above critical stress while, without any additional treatment, exhibits the required self‐standing properties for 3D printing. By understanding the properties of pea proteins and their behavior in bulk and on interfaces, pea protein‐based 3D printable material is created for the first time.
4D Printing of Multi‐Responsive Membrane for Accelerated In Vivo Bone Healing Via Remote Regulation of Stem Cell Fate
Authors: You Dongqi , Chen Guancong , Liu Chao , Ye Xin , Wang Shaolong , Dong Minyi , Sun Mouyuan , He Jianxiang , Yu Xiaowen , Ye Guanchen , Li Qi , Wu Junjie , Wu Jingjun , Zhao Qian , Xie Tao , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDynamic regulation of substrate micro‐structures is an effective strategy to control stem cell fate in tissue engineering. Translating this into in vivo tissue repair in a clinical setting remains challenging, which requires precise temporal control of multi‐scale structural features. Using 4D printing technique, a multi‐responsive bilayer morphing membrane consisting of a shape memory polymer (SMP) layer and a hydrogel layer, is fabricated. The SMP layer is featured with responsive surface micro‐structures, which can switch the phase between proliferation and differentiation precisely, thus promoting the bone formation. The hydrogel layer endows the membrane with the ability to digitally regulate its 3D geometry, matching the specific macroscopic bone shape in clinical scenario. The authors’ in vivo experiments show that the 4D shape‐shifting membrane exhibits over 30% improvement in new bone formation in comparison to a reference membrane with static micro‐structure. More importantly, the 4D membrane can conformally wrap a bone defect model in a non‐invasive way and this strategy can be extended to repairs involving complex tissue defects.
Customizing Multifunctional Sulfur Host Materials Via a General Anion‐Exchange Process with Metal–Organic Solid
Authors: Liang Qian , Chen Jiande , Zhou Yao , Li Jun‐Tao , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFe/Co/Ni‐based discrete nanoparticles are often explored to chemically adsorb and catalytically convert polysulfides for high‐performance Li–S batteries. Herein, by manipulating the anion‐exchange process between Ni–Co acetate microcrystals and various organic anions, porous single‐ or multi‐layered hierarchically functionalized carbon nanoshells are customized. Among them, the shell‐in‐shell composite, namely C–NiCoPi@C–Ni2Co, which has an external Ni2Co‐decorated carbon nanoshell and an internal Ni3P‐anchored carbon nanoshell encapsulated within a 3D‐structured continuous NiCo‐phosphate (NiCoPi) layer, displays collective merits as a sulfur host. Particularly, compared with discrete nanoparticles, the network‐like NiCoPi layer is structurally and inherently advantageous in chemical adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides, as also supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, while the metallic Ni2Co nanoparticles enable high local conductivity. Such S@C–NiCoPi@C–Ni2Co displays an initial specific capacity of 1237 mAhg–1 at 0.1 C and maintains 1010 mAhg–1 after 100 cycles; at 0.5 C, its discharge specific capacity in the 1st cycle is as high as 1038 mAhg–1 and maintains capacity retention as high as 86% after 500 cycles. This study provides a straightforward strategy in customizing multifunctional sulfur hosts for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Fast Photothermoelectric Response in CVD‐Grown PdSe2 Photodetectors with In‐Plane Anisotropy
Authors: Li Gang , Yin Shiqi , Tan Chaoyang , Chen Lijie , Yu Mengxi , Li Liang , Yan Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPdSe2, a star photosensitive functional material, has been successfully used in photodetectors based on sensing mechanisms of photogating, photoconductive, and photovoltaic effects. Here, a photothermoelectric (PTE) effect is observed in photodetectors based on PdSe2 flakes grown by chemical vapor deposition. The unique photoresponse arises from an electron temperature gradient instead of electron–hole separation. Direct evidence of the PTE effect is confirmed by a nonlocal photoresponse under zero bias. Moreover, the PdSe2 photodetector shows high performance in terms of ultrafast response speed (4 µs), high air‐stability, broadband spectrum photodetection, reasonable responsivity, and anisotropic optical response. This study paves a new way for developing high‐performance photodetectors based on PdSe2 layered materials.
Expanded Phase Distribution in Low Average Layer‐Number 2D Perovskite Films: Toward Efficient Semitransparent Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Cheng , Kanda Hiroyuki , Ding Yong , Huang Hao , Chen Haibin , Ding Bin , Liang Yongri , Liu Xuepeng , Cai Molang , Dyson Paul J. , Dai Songyuan , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe application of low average layer‐number (〈n〉 ≤ 2) 2D perovskites in semitransparent photovoltaics (ST‐PVs) has been hindered by their strong exciton binding energy and high electrical anisotropy. Here, the phase distribution is expanded fully and orderly to enable efficient charge transport in 2D (NMA)2(MA)Pb2I7 (NMA: 1‐naphthylmethylammonium, MA: CH3NH3+) perovskite films by regulating the sedimentation dynamics of organic cation‐based colloids. Ammonium chloride is synergistically introduced to enhance the phase separation further and construct a favorable out‐of‐plane orientation. The wide and graded phase distribution well aligns the energy level to facilitate charge transfer. As a result, the first application of an average 〈n〉 = 2 2D perovskite is implemented in ST‐PVs with visible power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.52% and high average visible transmittance (AVT) of 40.5%. This study offers a new candidate and an effective strategy for efficient and stable ST‐PVs and is relevant to other perovskite optoelectronic devices.
The Manufacture of Unbreakable Bionics via Multifunctional and Self‐Healing Silk–Graphene Hydrogels
Authors: Kadumudi Firoz Babu , Hasany Masoud , Pierchala Malgorzata Karolina , Jahanshahi Mohammadjavad , Taebnia Nayere , Mehrali Mehdi , Mitu Cristian Florian , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Zsurzsan Tiberiu‐Gabriel , Knott Arnold , Andresen Thomas L. , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiomaterials capable of transmitting signals over longer distances than those in rigid electronics can open new opportunities for humanity by mimicking the way tissues propagate information. For seamless mirroring of the human body, they also have to display conformability to its curvilinear architecture, as well as, reproducing native‐like mechanical and electrical properties combined with the ability to self‐heal on demand like native organs and tissues. Along these lines, a multifunctional composite is developed by mixing silk fibroin and reduced graphene oxide. The material is coined “CareGum” and capitalizes on a phenolic glue to facilitate sacrificial and hierarchical hydrogen bonds. The hierarchal bonding scheme gives rise to high mechanical toughness, record‐breaking elongation capacity of ≈25 000%, excellent conformability to arbitrary and complex surfaces, 3D printability, a tenfold increase in electrical conductivity, and a fourfold increase in Young's modulus compared to its pristine counterpart. By taking advantage of these unique properties, a durable and self‐healing bionic glove is developed for hand gesture sensing and sign translation. Indeed, CareGum is a new advanced material with promising applications in fields like cyborganics, bionics, soft robotics, human–machine interfaces, 3D‐printed electronics, and flexible bioelectronics.