bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic performance of eccentrically braced frames
Authors: David Rinu G , Sarif N 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to assess the seismic performance of Eccentrically Braced Frames of different configurations. Modelled Eccentrically Braced Frames subjected to both linear and nonlinear analysis in SAP 2000. The linear analysis gives an insight to mode shapes and mass participation ratios. The nonlinear analysis includes the pushover analysis, which provides information about the collapse mechanisms and performance points. This study also extended to compare the performance of Eccentrically braced frames with the performance of Special Moment Resisting Frames that helps to understand the structural efficiency of both systems. This study concludes that all selected configurations of Eccentrically braced frames undergo small roof displacement that is well below the target drift whereas SMRF frames will show large displacement. 2D braced EBFs shows a better post yielding behaviour and is more ductile compared to other frame systems. Shear links in the EBF frames increase the stiffness of the frame which in turn results in high base shear demand. Post yielding behaviour of EBF frames can be improved by proper detailing of beam-column joints and link connections which confirms that performance of EBF frames is superior to SMRF frames in seismic areas.
Emerging intrinsic magnetism in two-dimensional materials: theory and applications
Authors: Wei Songrui , Liao Xiaoqi , Wang Cong , Li Jianwei , Zhang Han , Zeng Yu-Jia , Linghu Jiajun , Jin Hao , Wei Yadong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The intrinsic magnetism has long been pursued in two-dimensional (2D) materials down to one-atomic layer thickness. But only very recently, the intrinsic magnetism of monolayer CrI3, Fe3GeTe2, FePS3, VSe2 and bilayer Cr2Ge2Te6 are verified in experiment by optical measurement, Raman spectrum and conventional magnetism measurement. Among them, the intralayer exchange interaction of FePS3 is antiferromagnetic while all the others are ferromagnetic. Most of the ferromagnetic orders in these materials are induce by super exchange interaction. Monolayer Fe3GeTe2 and VSe2 exhibit metallic character while all the others are semiconductor or insulator. Stable spontaneous magnetization can exist in these monolayer 2D materials because of their strong anisotropy. The anisotropy is mostly from the strong spin–orbit coupling of heavy atoms (CrI3, Cr2Ge2Te6, Fe3GeTe2). Asymmetric lattice distortion (FePS3) or the increased density of state near Fermi level (VSe2) may also contribute to the anisotropy. The relationship between anisotropy and stable spontaneous magnetization are discussed based on spin wave theory and Mermin-Wagner theorem. About the application, spintronics may be the most direct benefitted field. Considering the relationship between conductance and magnetic structure, the applications related with the transport property are also widely investigated. Similarly, as the coupling between spin, phonon and photon are prominent in these magnetic 2D materials, the applications based on the magnetocaloric effect and magneto-optic effect are promising. And these magnetic 2D materials may be also applied as catalyst in water-splitting or electrode of supercapacitor.
Effect of twin thickness-length ratio on twin-induced dynamic recrystallization of coarse-grained Mg alloys
Authors: Wang C , Xie C , Xie P F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the current study, based on the disclination quadrupole, the thermodynamic process of the necklace-like TDRX structures with smooth and straight boundaries is theoretically modeled. The influence of the applied shear stress and the twin thickness-length ratio on the misorientation angle between TDRX and matrix grain and the volume ratio of TDRX to parent twin band are numerically analyzed and experimentally validated by the electron back-scatter diffraction characterization. The results show that: (1) the misorientation angle increases with increasing applied shear stress; (2) The greater the thickness-length ratio is, the lower the volume ratio of TDRX to parent twin is; (3) The elevation of the applied shear stress can clearly escalate the volume ratio of TDRX to parent twin. Based on the above results, some strategies regulating TDRX are given based on the control of the applied shear stress and twin thickness-length ratio.
Fabrication of thermal energy storage wood composite based on shape-stable phase change material
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Jia Shifang , Lin Xianxian , Cao Huimin , Wang Wenbin , Guo Xi , Sun Weisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, a novel phase change energy storage wood (PCESW) was fabricated by impregnating solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCM) into delignified wood. The SSPCM was prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500 as the thermal energy storage ingredient, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the cross-linking agent and castor oil (CO) as the skeleton material. The chemical composition and structure of SSPCM and PCESW were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the crystalline structure of PEG and SSPCM were tested by x-ray diffraction (XRD); the microstructure of PCESW was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); thermal properties and durability of SSPCM and PCESW were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that: (1) the porosity of wood was improved obviously after delignification and SSPCM mainly distributed in wood vessels; (2) PCESW-15 exhibited superior temperature-regulating performance and thermal stability; (3) PCESW-15 presented outstanding shape stability and no liquid leakage occurred during the phase transition. The great thermal performance of PCESWs suggested that it can be used as energy-saving building materials for indoor temperature regulating.
Influence of boss-backing welding to ERW pipe
Authors: Luo Jinheng , Zhao Xinwei , Liu Ming , Luo Sheji , Hu Meijuan , Wu Gang , Li Lifeng , Zhu Lixia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Station and valve chamber design often encounter the situation of drilling hole at the main pipeline and welding boss-backing to connect the branch pipe. Boss hole location should generally be at least 100 mm away from the longitudinal weld or spiral weld. However, because the electric resistance weld (ERW) is difficult to distinguish in practice, some bosses mounting position coincide with ERW or close to. In this paper, the influence of boss-backing welding directly on the longitudinal weld to the original residual stresses of ERW pipe was studied. The microstructure of pipe body and longitudinal weld after welding was also analysis. The testing results showed that the overall residual stresses of ERW pipe were relatively small. Residual stress at the longitudinal weld region were smaller than those at the pipe body region. After the boss-backing welding, the axial residual stress at the longitudinal weld and the circumferential residual stress at the pipe body region near the intersection increased sharply to 2.5 (444 MPa) and 3.8 (433 MPa) times, respectively. The invaded width and depth to the ERW pipe after welding were about 15.167 mm and 3.376 mm. Granular bainite with necklace type M-A constituents could be observed at the invaded zone. It is suggested that small welding heat input should be adopted for boss-backing welding.
Transcervical microwave ablation in type 2 uterine fibroids via a hysteroscopic approach: analysis of ablation profiles
Authors: Zia Ghina , Sebek Jan , Schenck Jessica , Prakash Punit 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Type 2 uterine fibroids are challenging to resect surgically as ≥ 50% volume of myoma lies within the myometrium. A hysteroscopic approach for ablating fibroids is minimally-invasive, but places a considerable burden on the operator to accurately place the ablation applicator within the target. We investigated the sensitivity of transcervical microwave ablation outcome with respect to position of the ablation applicator within 1 – 3 cm type 2 fibroids. Methods: A finite element computer model was developed to simulate 5.8 GHz microwave ablation of fibroids and validated with experiments in ex vivo tissue. The ablation outcome was evaluated with respect to applicator insertion angles (30°, 45°, 60°) , depth and offset from the fibroid center (±2 mm for 3 cm fibroid and ±1 mm for 1 cm fibroid) with 35 W and 15 W applied power for 3 cm and 1 cm fibroids, respectively. Power deposition was stopped when thermal dose of 40 cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43) was accrued in adjacent myometrium. Results: Within the range of all evaluated insertion angles, depths and offsets, the ablation coverage was less sensitive to variation in angle as compared to depth and offset, and ranged from 34.9 – 83.6% for 3 cm fibroid in 140 – 400 s and 34.1 – 67.9% for 1 cm fibroid in 30 – 50 s of heating duration. Maximum achievable ablation coverage in both fibroid cases reach ∼ 90% if thermal dose is allowed to exceed 40 CEM43 in myometrium. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the technical feasibility of transcervical microwave ablation for fibroid treatment and the relationship between applicator position within the fibroid and fraction of fibroid that can be ablated while limiting thermal dose in adjacent myometrium.
A simple process to create micro-gaps in printed copper electrodes by sintering induced stress in flexible PET substrates
Authors: Wu Xinzhou , Yuan Wei , Su Wenming , Cui Zheng , Zhu Simeng , Deng Ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A new simple low-cost technique for fabricating micro-gaps of less than 50 µm in copper electrodes is reported, which combines conventional screen printing of copper paste and intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering. The micro-gap is created via a two-step IPL sintering. First, a continuous printed copper stripe is half sintered along its length with another half blocked by an opaque mask. Then, the second sintering is performed over the entire length of copper stripe with the opaque mask removed. At the joint between two sintering steps, a micro-gap is formed across the copper stripe due to thermal contraction of underlying polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The width of copper micro-gaps can be adjusted by IPL energy. Simple light emitting diode circuits have been made by the micro-gap electrodes, demonstrating its feasibility for practical applications.
Formulation and characterization of screen printable dopant ink for fabrication of polysilicon TFTs
Authors: Ito Mao , Kamath Arvind 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To move the promise of printed electronics from the laboratory to volume production required adopting a new approach eliminating ink-jet printing and adopting instead a hybrid mature print and conventional process. Novel screen printable N+ and P+ dopant inks were developed to fabricate polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs). Semiconductor-grade dopant inks were formulated from a combination of thermoset plastic with boron and phosphor compounds. Inks were screen printed on polysilicon active islands on a 300 mm square stainless-steel foil substrate. The drain and source of the top gate TFTs were then formed via a thermal anneal activation. The residue after annealing was removed with an inoffensive process to avoid damage to the thin silicon layer and gate oxide. Doping was uniform across 300 mm sheet substrate. The sheet resistance was modulated to 200 Ω sq−1 for the N+ and 1000 Ω sq−1 for the P+ active layer. Field mobility of polysilicon TFTs fabricated using this screen-printed dopant process were 80 cm2V s−1 for PMOS and 200 cm2V s−1 for NMOS using low-cost, mature equipment, and an easily manageable process that is both scalable and compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing.
A chain of three dimensional scatterers under quasi-one dimensional quantum confinement: a Green’s function approach to energy band engineering
Authors: Kim J. I. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A mechanism to modify the energy band structure is proposed by considering a chain of periodic scatterers forming a linear lattice (akin to an optical lattice for ultracold atoms) around which an external cylindrical trapping potential is applied along the chain axis. It is analytically shown that, when this trapping (confining) potential is tight enough so as to reduce the dimensionality of the problem to an effective one dimension, it may modify the bound and scattering states of the local lattice potential, whose three-dimensional nature around each site is fully taken into account and going beyond the zero-range contact-potential approximation. Since these states contribute to the formation of the energy bands, the latter could thereby be continuously tuned by manipulating the confinement without the need to change the lattice potential. Such dimensionality reduction by quantum confinement is analyzed by using a Green’s functions method that can describe the scattering off the lattice sites in the presence of strong confinement and that can collect the contribuitions of several scattering partial waves.
Irradiance transport equation applied to propagation of wavefront obtained by the Bi-Ronchi test using point cloud
Authors: Arriaga Hernández J A , Cuevas Otahola B T , Oliveros Oliveros J , Jaramillo Núñez A , Morín Castillo M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, we show a Bi-Ronchi test (BRT) proposal using point cloud for sensing the whole surface and wavefront of spherical mirrors as a fast computational test with efficiency comparable with the Ronchi test. We also show an application of the Irradiance Transport equation based on the differential form of the circular Zernike polynomials, to obtain the Phase Transport equation, with capabilities to study the wavefront propagation. To this aim, we experimentally analyze the propagation of W with the BRT, to validate the experimental propagation performed with the Irradiance Transport Equation, giving place to a Phase Transport equation. For this purpose, we use square rulings to observe bi-Ronchigrams and their corresponding Transversal Aberrations as well as their W. We validated our results by comparing the BRT with the Ronchi Test for several measurements of a given wavefront W with Ronchi rulings in the same position. Three different bRR were placed in several locations before and beyond the mirror curvature Radius in order to characterize the experimental propagation of W and test the reflection relation of W before and beyond the mirror Curvature Radius. Finally, we use the Phase Transport equation to analyze the propagation of an efficient W in terms of the differential circular Zernike Polynomials in order to obtain a Riemann-integrable function to numerically find a solution for validating the experimental propagation, the symmetry of the wavefronts, the existence of a symmetry matrix, and the BRT.
Convolutional neural network based non-iterative reconstruction for accelerating neutron tomography
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Authors: Venkatakrishnan Singanallur , Ziabari Amirkoushyar , Hinkle Jacob , Needham Andrew W , Warren Jeffrey M , Bilheux Hassina Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Neutron computed tomography (NCT), a 3D non-destructive characterization technique, is carried out at nuclear reactor or spallation neutron source-based user facilities. Because neutrons are not severely attenuated by heavy elements and are sensitive to light elements like hydrogen, neutron radiography and computed tomography offer a complementary contrast to x-ray CT conducted at a synchrotron user facility. However, compared to synchrotron x-ray CT, the acquisition time for an NCT scan can be orders of magnitude higher due to lower source flux, low detector efficiency and the need to collect a large number of projection images for a high-quality reconstruction when using conventional algorithms. As a result of the long scan times for NCT, the number and type of experiments that can be conducted at a user facility is severely restricted. Recently, several deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) based algorithms have been introduced in the context of accelerating CT scans that can enable high quality reconstructions from sparse-view data. In this paper, we introduce DCNN algorithms to obtain high-quality reconstructions from sparse-view and low signal-to-noise ratio NCT data-sets thereby enabling accelerated scans. Our method is based on the supervised learning strategy of training a DCNN to map a low-quality reconstruction from sparse-view data to a higher quality reconstruction. Specifically, we evaluate the performance of two popular DCNN architectures—one based on using patches for training and the other on using the full images for training. We observe that both the DCNN architectures offer improvements in performance over classical multi-layer perceptron as well as conventional CT reconstruction algorithms. Our results illustrate that the DCNN can be a powerful tool to obtain high-quality NCT reconstructions from sparse-view data thereby enabling accelerated NCT scans for increasing user-facility throughput or enabling high-resolution time-resolved NCT scans.
Unsupervised machine learning of topological phase transitions from experimental data
Authors: Käming Niklas , Dawid Anna , Kottmann Korbinian , Lewenstein Maciej , Sengstock Klaus , Dauphin Alexandre , Weitenberg Christof 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Identifying phase transitions is one of the key challenges in quantum many-body physics. Recently, machine learning methods have been shown to be an alternative way of localising phase boundaries from noisy and imperfect data without the knowledge of the order parameter. Here, we apply different unsupervised machine learning techniques, including anomaly detection and influence functions, to experimental data from ultracold atoms. In this way, we obtain the topological phase diagram of the Haldane model in a completely unbiased fashion. We show that these methods can successfully be applied to experimental data at finite temperatures and to the data of Floquet systems when post-processing the data to a single micromotion phase. Our work provides a benchmark for the unsupervised detection of new exotic phases in complex many-body systems.
Structure–activity relationships of antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of cinnamic acid and its derivatives
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Ran Mengnan , Wang Meixia , Liu Xinying , Liu Siwan , Yu Yue 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The related structure–activity relationships of cinnamic acid and its derivates have not been studied in details yet. Herein, antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of 18 compounds were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the substituents on the phenyl ring of cinnamic acid led to the enhancement of the inhibition on monophenolase and the weakening of the inhibition on diphenolase. Among these tested compounds, 9 was first discovered as a tyrosinase inhibitor in a reversible competitive manner with IC50 value of 68.6 ± 4.2 µm. Docking results demonstrated 9 located into the catalytic center of tyrosinase. Antioxidant assay indicated that only 1 hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring was not enough to possess the radical scavenging activity, and the number of hydroxyl groups may be more important. This study will be helpful in the development of new cinnamic acid derivates as tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants with higher efficacy.
A predictive paradigm for COVID-19 prognosis based on the longitudinal measure of biomarkers
Authors: Chen Xin , Gao Wei , Li Jie , You Dongfang , Yu Zhaolei , Zhang Mingzhi , Shao Fang , Wei Yongyue , Zhang Ruyang , Lange Theis , Wang Qianghu , Chen Feng , Lu Xiang , Zhao Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging, rapidly evolving crisis, and the ability to predict prognosis for individual COVID-19 patient is important for guiding treatment. Laboratory examinations were repeatedly measured during hospitalization for COVID-19 patients, which provide the possibility for the individualized early prediction of prognosis. However, previous studies mainly focused on risk prediction based on laboratory measurements at one time point, ignoring disease progression and changes of biomarkers over time. By using historical regression trees (HTREEs), a novel machine learning method, and joint modeling technique, we modeled the longitudinal trajectories of laboratory biomarkers and made dynamically predictions on individual prognosis for 1997 COVID-19 patients. In the discovery phase, based on 358 COVID-19 patients admitted between 10 January and 18 February 2020 from Tongji Hospital, HTREE model identified a set of important variables including 14 prognostic biomarkers. With the trajectories of those biomarkers through 5-day, 10-day and 15-day, the joint model had a good performance in discriminating the survived and deceased COVID-19 patients (mean AUCs of 88.81, 84.81 and 85.62% for the discovery set). The predictive model was successfully validated in two independent datasets (mean AUCs of 87.61, 87.55 and 87.03% for validation the first dataset including 112 patients, 94.97, 95.78 and 94.63% for the second validation dataset including 1527 patients, respectively). In conclusion, our study identified important biomarkers associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients, characterized the time-to-event process and obtained dynamic predictions at the individual level.
Rapid T-cell receptor interaction grouping with ting
Authors: Mölder Felix , Stervbo Ulrik , Loyal Lucie , Bacher Petra , Babel Nina , Rahmann Sven 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Clustering T-cell receptor repertoire (TCRR) sequences according to antigen specificity is challenging. The previously published tool GLIPH needs several days to weeks for clustering large repertoires, making its use impractical in larger studies. In addition, the methodology used in GLIPH suffers from shortcomings, including non-determinism, potential loss of significant antigen-specific sequences or inclusion of too many unspecific sequences.

Results
We present an algorithm for clustering TCRR sequences that scales efficiently to large repertoires. We clustered 36 real datasets with up to 62 000 unique CDR3β sequences using both an implementation of our method called ting, GLIPH and its successor GLIPH2. While GLIPH required multiple weeks, ting only needed about one minute for the same task. GLIPH2 is comparably fast, but uses a different grouping paradigm. In addition, we found that in naïve repertoires, where no or very few antigen-specific CDR3 sequences or clusters should exist, our method indeed selects much fewer motifs and produces smaller clusters.

Availability and implementation
Our method has been implemented in Python as a tool called ting. It is available from GitHub (https://github.com/FelixMoelder/ting) or PyPI under the MIT license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.