bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME LEGAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION OVER WAR CRIMES
Authors: GULİYEV İlyas 
Published: July 2021

The application of universal jurisdiction over war crimes requires responses to a number of questions: Which crimes under international law are considered war crimes? Is there consensus regarding the application of universal jurisdiction over war crimes? Is the prosecution of war crimes under universal jurisdiction the right or the duty of a state? Does the application of universal jurisdiction over war crimes require any connection to the forum state? Do the state officials enjoy immunities from being prosecuted by foreign states under universal jurisdiction for war crimes? Which value should outweigh in deciding of reasonableness of application of universal jurisdiction – to prevent the impunity of the perpetrators of war crimes or to ensure stable and secure international relations with the foreign states? What measures should be taken to ensure further efficiency of universality principle in combatting international crimes?
These questions are the major ones, but not exhaustive and the answers to them have both theoretical and practical importance. In this article we will try to find answers to those questions analyzing the relevant norms of international law, the decisions of the international courts, the legislation and case-law of the states, as well as the legal doctrine. Significant place in the article is allocated to the questions related to the limitations on application of universal jurisdiction and how these limitations could affect the future perspective of this principle.
Findings reached in the article are that further limitations on application of universality principle can lead to loss of its meaning as a legal concept and adoption of a single convention in this field is the possible way out to preserve the important role of this principle in fighting international crimes.
ANALISA PEMANFAATAN CAMPURAN BRIKET ARANG SEKAM PADI DENGAN CANGKANG KEMIRI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF
Authors: Suluh Sallolo 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; (1) Pengaruh campuran briket arang sekam padi dengan arang cangkang kemiri terhadap boiling time, (2) Pengaruh campuran briket arang sekam padi dengan arang cangkang kemiri terhadap daya bersih (Pout) (3) Pengaruh campuran briket arang sekam padi dengan arang cangkang kemiri terhadap kehilangan daya pada tungku pembakaran, (4) Pengaruh campuran briket arang sekam padi dengan arang cangkang kemiri terhadap efesiensi thermal yang dihasikan.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan memanfaatkan arang sekam padi dengan arang cangkang kemiri untuk dilakukan pengujian pada kompor.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran briket arang sekam padi dengan kulit kemiri yang paling unggul didapatkan pada briket B3 (campuran arang sekam padi 40% dan kulit kemiri 40%) menghasilkan boiling time pada menit ke-55, daya bersih sebesar 0,24 kW, kehilangan daya sebesar 0,098 kW dan efisiensi thermal sebesar 40,45%.
Sistem Pendeteksi Kebocoran Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Menggunakan Sensor MQ-2 Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Garonga Melki , Michael Aryo , Dudung Marni 
Published: July 2021

Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a household need which is currently the most widely used by the community as a fuel other than petroleum. The use of LPG cylinders, which increases every year, is directly proportional to the increased risk of fire caused by gas leaks. Many LPG cylinders circulating in the community today do not use good safety. Therefore, a tool is needed to detect LPG leaks so that people can find out more quickly when there is a gas leak. This system is designed using a microcontroller-based MQ-2 sensor. The MQ-2 sensor functions as a gas leak detector, the buzzer serves as a warning in the event of a gas leak and the SIM800L will send an SMS via the user's smartphone.
The MQ-2 sensor can detect gas leaks at a distance of 2 meters in a closed room without ventilation. The MQ-2 gas sensor detects gas leaks using a distance that can be influenced by room temperature and the sensitivity of the MQ-2 sensor, so that the MQ-2 sensor produces a non-permanent time even though it is at the same distance. The buzzer sounds when the MQ-2 sensor detects a gas leak. SIM800L can send SMS notifications to smartphones of LPG cylinder owners when the MQ-2 sensor detects a gas leak, but the time it takes to send an SMS is not fixed because it is influenced by whether the network used by the simcard on the smartphone or the simcard on the SIM800L is good or not.
RITUAL DALAM CERITA RAKYAT DI MUKIM BEBAR, PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: MOHD HANIPAH NOORZATULHIDAYAH , DAENG JAMAL DAENG HALIZA , ABDILLAH NASIRIN 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Cerita rakyat berkembang dari generasi ke generasi dan disampaikan melalui lisan sehingga cerita rakyat dikenali sebagai sastera rakyat naratif nusantara. Cerita rakyat dianggap sebagai media hiburan pada zaman dahulu yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai pengajaran. Namun begitu, jika cerita rakyat difahami dan diteliti ia mempunyai hubung kait antara kehidupan masyarakat dengan kebudayaan masyarakatnya seperti kepercayaan, sistem kekeluargaan dan ekonomi. Namun, kini cerita rakyat semakin kurang mendapat tempat di hati generasi kerana kewujudan teknologi moden. Lantaran itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenalpasti dan membincangkan ritual yang terkandung dalam cerita rakyat di Mukim Bebar Pekan, Pahang. Seterusnya, kajian ini juga menggunakan landasan teori fungsionalisme bagi analisis perbincangan. Metodologi kajian adalah secara kualitatif melalui kajian kerja lapangan iaitu kaedah temu bual berstruktur yang melibatkan tukang-tukang cerita di Mukim Bebar Pekan, Pahang. Hasil kajian mendapati ritual yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat di Mukim Bebar Pekan, Pahang mempunyai hubung kait yang rapat dengan kebudayaan masyarakat Melayu dan masih diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sesetengah masyarakat di kampung tersebut hingga ke hari ini.

Abstract

Folklore grows from generation to generation and is conveyed orally until it is known as folk narrative literature of the archipelago. Folklore was known as an entertainment medium in ancient times laden with teaching values. Folklore has a relation between the life of the community and the culture of the community, projected through beliefs, family system and economy. However, folktales are now less appreciated as among the younger generation, mostly due to the modern technology advancement. This study aims at identifying and discussing the rituals contained in the folklore collected at Mukim Bebar Pekan, Pahang. This study also uses the theoretical foundation of functionalism in the discussions and analyses. The research methods employed are qualitative and a fieldwork involving a structured interview method of the storytellers in Mukim Bebar Pekan, Pahang. It can be concluded that there is a close relation between the community and its culture where some rituals are still being practiced in the lives of some people in the village, even up to now.
PERSPEKTIF PERSONALITI DAN PSIKOLOGI TERHADAP DENIM JEANS LELAKI DALAM MUZIK DAN FESYEN DI ERA REVOLUSI PERINDUSTRIAN KE-4
Authors: MUSTAPHA AZWADY , MOHD ROSLAN NUR IZZATY 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Sifat psikologi menerangkan cara di mana setiap orang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Ini merupakan konsep Maslow dan keperluan psikologi. Sehubungan itu, ramai artis Malaysia menggemari seluar jeans semasa membuat tayangan pentas, penggambaran drama atau filem dan kehidupan seharian. Sebagai contoh, artis dan muzik yang dipersembahkan memainkan peranan besar ke arah fesyen. 40 responden lelaki dipilih secara rawak berumur antara 23 hingga 30 tahun berhampiran Kuala Lumpur. Objektifnya adalah bagi memahami gaya pemotongan yang sesuai dengan dapat membezakan pelbagai gaya yang sedia ada dan melambangkan keperibadian lelaki terhadap penggayaan seluar jeans. Kajian ini menekankan kepada pelbagai penggayaan seluar jeans dalam mencerminkan keperibadian lelaki. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah kualitatif. Kajian ini diharap dapat memberi kefahaman tentang keperibadian terhadap refleksi identiti diri lelaki di Kuala Lumpur menggunakan kaedah Pakej Statistik Sains Sosial (SPSS).

Abstract Psychological trait describes ways in which people are different from each other. This follows Maslow concepts and psychological needs. In relation, many Malaysian artists favour jeans wearing during stage show, drama shooting or film and daily life. For instance, both the artist and the music they sing can play a huge role in which direction the fashion industry moves. 40 male respondents are randomly selected, aged from 23 to 30 years old near Kuala Lumpur. The objectives are to understand the cutting styles that fits the person by being able to differentiate various styles available reflecting men’s personality towards jeans styles. By undertaking a quantitative method, the study was able to provide an insight into the personality of self-identity reflection towards men in Kuala Lumpur using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study emphasizes on whether men’s personality was reflected by different styles of denim jeans
ANALISIS INTRINSIK SIMBOL BUDAYA MELAYU DALAM KARYA CATAN MODEN TERPILIH JALAINI ABU HASSAN DAN FATIMAH CHIK
Authors: ABDULLAH AHMAD HAKIM , IBRAHIM YUHANIS , RAJA HALID RAJA ISKANDAR 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis skop perkembangan karya-karya seni oleh Jalaini Abu Hassan dan Fatimah Chik melalui pendekatan Edmund Feldman pada tahun 1967 yang menerangkan empat langkah aras kritikal analisis seperti yang berikut iaitu deksripsi, analisis, interpretasi dan pertimbangan. Kerangka kerja teoritikal yang dianalisis menggunakan teori Edmund Feldman yang diasaskan pada tahun 1967 dengan menekankan metodologi analisis kaedah primari iaitu pemerhatian dua karya seni catan iaitu Pohon beringin yang dihasilkan oleh Fatimah Chik pada tahun 2002 dan karya Tales of the heroes yang dihasilkan oleh Jalaini Abu Hassan pada tahun 2010. Nilai kemelayuan juga terdapat pada makna tersurat terutamanya pada catan Pohon beringin Fatimah seperti simbol segi tiga, wayang kulit Kelantan, filem Melayu Bawang Putih Bawang Merah telah diinspirasikan daripada falsafah catan Pohon Beringin itu dan juga tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan simbol warisan Melayu yang telah divisualkan dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu sejak zaman nenek moyang kita lagi dan sehingga ke zaman era kemodenan abad ke 21 ini. Dapatan kajian dalam catan Jalaini Abu Hassan menunjukkan terdapat seorang lelaki dengan baju melayu menjelaskan tentang 5 prinsip rukun Islam dan rukun negara dan juga makna tersurat tentang perubatan tradisional Islam yang telah diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan Jailani dan ayahnya.

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the development of Malaysian artworks of Jalaini Abu Hassan and Fatimah Chik paintings through the Edmund Feldman 1967 approach which is a theory that describes the description, the analysis, the interpretation and the judgement. The theoretical framework of this approach involved four steps of critical analysis processes. Hence, the methodology emphasized the qualitative methodology by observing two (2) paintings which were Tales of the Heroes from year 2010 and Pohon Beringin from year 2002 artworks by the Malay Malaysian artists, Jalaini Abu Hassan and Fatimah Chik, respectively. The findings suggested that the Malaysian painters expressed the value of the Malay identity and philosophy in their artworks. For example, Jalaini Abu Hassan’s Tales of the Heroes that potrayed a guy in Malay’s traditional costume represented the 5 Pillars of Islam, the National Principles (Rukun Negara) and the literal meaning of the traditional Islamic medicine which were applied in Jalaini’s and his father’s lives. Additionally, the Malay value can also be found literally in Pohon Beringin batik painting by Fatimah Chik such as the triangle symbol. To date, banyan tree has a significant meaning in the Malay heritage which have been visualised in the Malay community since the ancestral era. Other than the canvas painting of Fatimah Chik’s Pohon Beringin, the banyan tree has been adapted in many Malay artworks such as Kelantanese Wayang Kulit and Malay film of Bawang Putih Bawang Merah.
PEMBANGUNAN INDEKS HARGA HARTA TANAH WARISAN: KEDAI PRAPERANG (PW-SPI) PULAU PINANG, MALAYSIA
Authors: JAMALUDIN MOHAMAD HAFIZ , ISMAIL SURIATINI , AHMAD AINA EDAYU 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Pengiktirafan Bandar George Town sebagai Tapak Warisan Dunia (TWD) UNESCO telah membawa kepada usaha pemuliharaan harta-harta warisan seperti pelaksanaan Pelan Pengurusan Warisan dan pewartaan Akta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005. Antara elemen warisan yang perlu dipelihara berkaitan harta tanah ialah kedai pra-perang. Kedai pra-perang merupakan kedai yang telah dibina dan dibangunkan sebelum perang dunia pertama pada tahun 1914. Ciri-ciri warisan yang ada pada kedai pra-perang perlu dipelihara dari segi ciri fizikalnya. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan arus pembangunan yang semakin pesat, semua usaha ini perlu penglibatan para pelabur dalam sektor harta tanah. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membangunkan Indeks Harga Kedai Praperang Pulau Pinang (PW-SPI) bagi mewujudkan indikator yang dapat membantu para pelabur dalam membuat keputusan pelaburan dalam pasaran harta tanah praperang. Kajian ini melibatkan pembangunan PW-SPI menggunakan Model Hedonik Laspeyres. PW-SPI yang dibangunkan membolehkan perbandingan secara grafik dibuat ke atas pergerakan harga harta tanah warisan di Pulau Penang. Ia menunjukkan bahawa bagi tempoh 2008-2014, harta tanah kedai praperang di Pulau Pinang mempunyai pertumbuhan harga yang lebih baik berbanding kedai bukan praperang. Kajian pertama di Malaysia berkaitan indeks harga harta tanah warisan ini boleh diulang dengan melibatkan kawasan geografi yang lebih luas. Ini kerana ia terbukti dapat membantu para pelabur dalam membuat keputusan pelaburan berkaitan harta tanah kedai praperang melalui perbandingan.

AbstractThe recognition of George Town City as a World Heritage Site (TWD) UNESCO has led to the conservation efforts such as the implementation of the Heritage Management Plan and the publication of the National Heritage Act 2005. Among the elements of heritage that need to be preserved in relation to property are pre-war shops. Pre-war shops are shops that were built and developed before the first world war in 1914. The pre-war shops need to be preserved in terms of its physical features. However, with the rapid development trend, implementing this goal needs the involvement of investors in the real estate sector. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop the Penang Pre-war Shop Price Index (PW-SPI) in order to create an indicator that can help potential investors in making investment decisions related to the pre-war property market. PW-SPI was developed using the Laspeyres Hedonic Model. The developed PW-SPI has enabled a graphical comparison be made about heritage property price movement in Penang. It indicates that for the period 2008-2014 the pre-war shops in Penang had better price growth than the non pre-war shops. This earliest study of heritage property price index in Malaysia could be replicated to include data of other geographical areas. It is shown that it can help potential investors in making investment decision related to heritage property of shophouse through graphical comparison.
ELEMEN-ELEMEN ADAPTASI DALAM FILEM TOMBIRUO: PENUNGGU RIMBA (TPR)
Authors: KIFFLI SUDIRMAN , MOHD SAUFI NURUL AFINI ROSLIN 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Penghasilan filem adaptasi adalah salah satu kaedah dalam memastikan kesinambungan karya-karya sastera agar sentiasa berkembang dalam pelbagai medium. Menerusi kajian ini, penelitian diberikan terhadap aspek-aspek adaptasi yang terdapat dalam penghasilan filem Tombiruo: Penunggu Rimba yang diadaptasi daripada novel Tombiruo Penunggu Rimba karya Ramlee Awang Murshid. Sebagai sebuah filem adaptasi yang masih baharu, kajian dan penyelidikan mengenai filem Tombiruo Penunggu Rimba (TPR) masih belum banyak dianalisis. Oleh hal yang sedemikian, penelitian telah dilakukan ke atas filem TPR dengan menerapkan pendekatan daripada Linda Hutcheon (2006). Empat aspek yang menjadi fokus kajian ini ialah (1) sumber dan cara adaptasi, (2) tujuan adaptasi, (3) kumpulan atau penonton sasaran dan (4) konteks. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keempat-empat elemen berkenaan diterapkan dengan baik di dalam penghasilan filem adaptasi TPR oleh pihak pembikin filem. Keadaan ini dikukuhkan dengan pelbagai peristiwa dan situasi seperti dipaparkan di dalam filem berkenaan yang secara tidak langsung memberikan kesan yang amat mendalam kepada khalayak yang menonton filem ini. Kesemua elemen adaptasi ini boleh membantu pihak pembikin filem untuk menghasilkan sebuah filem adaptasi dengan lebih baik.

Abstract
The production of adaptation films is one of the methods in ensuring the continuity of literary works so that they are constantly evolving in various mediums. Through this study, research focuses on the aspects of adaptation found in the production of the film Tombiruo: Penunggu Rimba (TPR) adapted from the novel with the same title by Ramlee Awang Murshid. As an adaptation film that is still considered as new, the TPR film has not been much analyzed. As such, a study was conducted on TPR film by applying the approach introduced by Linda Hutcheon (2006). This study focuses on four aspects namely (1) source and method of adaptation, (2) purpose of adaptation, (3) target group or audience and (4) context. The results show that the four aspects are well applied in the production of TPR by the filmmakers. This situation is reinforced by various events and situations as shown in the film itself which indirectly gives a very profound effect to the audience watching this film. All these elements of adaptation can help the filmmaker to produce a better adaptation film.
IMPLIKASI COVID-19 TERHADAP KEMISKINAN KANAK-KANAK
Authors: SAARI FARRAH ATIKAH , WAN ISMAIL WAN AHMAD AMIR ZAL , TENGKU ANUAR TENGKU FAUZAN 
Published: July 2021

Abstrak
Isu kemiskinan kanak-kanak amat jarang diwacanakan di Malaysia sedangkan ia merupakan isu kritikal yang menjadi penentu masa hadapan mereka dan negara. Keadaan kemiskinan kanak-kanak menjadi lebih teruk dengan penularan wabak Covid-19 dan pengisytiharan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Andaian awal, PKP memberikan kesan secara multidimensional ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak. Justeru, objektif kajian adalah untuk mengetahui cabaran berkaitan implikasi Covid-19 yang berbentuk multidimensional ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak. Kajian menggunapakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan merujuk kepada sumber sekunder sahaja yang terdiri dari Laporan Kemiskinan Kanak-kanak Bandar, UNICEF 2017, artikel jurnal, buku dan tesis yang berkaitan. Pengkaji menggunakan instrument melalui pendekatan Cadangan Dasar Program sedia ada yang dikeluarkan oleh United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF Malaysia) yang meliputi empat bidang iaitu pendidikan, makanan, kesihatan dan kebajikan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa implikasi Covid-19 sememangnya telah memberi pelbagai kesan negatif kepada kanak-kanak dalam pendidikan, makanan, kesihatan dan kebajikan. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini telah membantu pelbagai pihak, khususnya pihak kerajaan berkaitan realiti kesan Covid-19 dan PKP ke atas kemiskinan kanak-kanak dari pelbagai dimensi.

Abstract
The poverty issue among children is rarely being discussed and talked about in Malaysia while it is one critical problem that could affect the future generation as well as the nation. The poverty rate among children has increased with the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic and also the declaration of Restricted Movement Order (RMO). Based on the early estimation, RMO has been affecting the children's poverty in multidimensional aspects. Hence, objective of the study is to know the challenges related to the Covid-19 implications in form of multidimensional aspects regarding the children poverty. The research is using a qualitative approach by referring to the secondary resources which is the Report of Poverty in Urban Kids, UNICEF 2017, journal articles, books, and theses. Researchers use the instrument through the existing Program Policy Proposal approach issued by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF Malaysia) which covers four areas, education, food, health and welfare. The results of the study found that the implications of Covid-19 have indeed had various negative effects on children in education, food, health and welfare. In conclusion, this study has helped various parties, especially the government bodies on tackling the reality of Covid-19 and RMO towards the poverty of children in multidimensional aspects.
ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NDE YEREL HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİ
Authors: KARA Eray 
Published: July 2021

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, uzun yıllar boyunca Batı merkezli politikaların dünya genelinde etkili
olması ve diğer ülkeler açısından kapalı bir kutu şeklinde görülmesi nedeniyle bilimsel
çalışmalarda araştırma konusu olarak yeterince incelenmemekteydi. Ancak, küreselleşme
çağında dünyanın üretim merkezine dönüşmesi, modernizasyon sürecini hızla
gerçekleştirmesi ve 2030’lu yıllarda ekonomik olarak dünyanın zirvesinde yer alacağının
öngörülmesi gibi sebeplerden dolayı Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, son yıllarda oldukça ilgi gören bir
araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. Şüphesiz bu ilgi, ülkenin gelişme sürecine paralel şekilde
izleyen hızlı kentleşme olgusunun ve yerel örgütlenme sisteminin de incelenmesi sonucunu
doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki yerel örgütlenme birimlerinin Avrupa merkezli dizge içerisinde yer alan diğer ülkelerden farklılaştığı noktalar bağlamında kendine
özgü bir model oluşturması, bu nedenle bilinen anlamda bir “yerel yönetim” olmadığı, ülkedeki
yerel birimlerin merkezi yönetiminin birer uzantısı olması ve tüzel kişiliğe sahip olmamaları
nedeniyle “yerel hükümet” olarak değerlendirilebileceği görülmektedir.
MAHALLE VE KÖYÜN BİRLEŞTİRİLMESİ İLE OLUŞAN YENİ BİR BİRİM: KIRSAL MAHALLELER
Authors: KARALEZLİ Gökçe 
Published: July 2021

6360 Sayılı On Dört İlde Büyükşehir Belediyesi ve Yirmi Yedi İlçe Kurulması İle Bazı Kanun ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanunun yürürlüğe girmesi ile birlikte 30 büyükşehir belediyesinin sınırlarının il sınırı ile çakıştırılması ile birlikte, bu sınırlar içerisindeki tüm köylerin mahalle statüsüne düşürülmesi yıllardır tartışma konusu olmuştur. 2020 yılının ekim ayında 5216 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kanununa eklenen bir ek madde ile kırsal mahalle uygulaması başlamıştır. Uygulamanın nasıl yürütüleceğine dair ayrıntılar ise 15 Nisan 2021 tarihinde resmi gazetede yayımlanan Kırsal Mahalle ve Kırsal Yerleşik Alan Yönetmeliği ile mevzuattaki yerini almıştır.
Çalışma ilk olarak mahalle kavramı ve sorunlarını irdeleyecek, ardından kısaca köy kavramı ve köy yönetiminin sorunlarının üzerinde duracaktır. Son bölümde ise bu iki kavramın birleşmesi ile oluşan “kırsal mahalle” uygulaması incelenerek mevcut sorunlara çözüm olup olamayacağı tartışmaya açılacaktır.