bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous manifestations of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A retrospective review of a tertiary referral centre with clinicopathological correlation
Authors: Han Winn Hui , Yong Jo Yen , Yong Shin Shen , Faheem Nik Aimee Azizah , Toh Yen Fa , Chew Man Fong , Kwan Zhenli , Azwa Iskandar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe majority of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will have cutaneous manifestation during their disease course. We report the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations and clinicopathological concordance in the diagnosis of skin diseases in patients with HIV.MethodsA retrospective review of all cutaneous manifestations of HIV‐infected patients with skin biopsy‐proven histopathological confirmation, treated in the University of Malaya Medical Centre, from 2016 till 2018, was performed. Clinical characteristics and histopathological correlation of these patients were reviewed.ResultsA total of 38 cases were included where the median age was 40.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 13.3). The median duration of HIV diagnosis to the development of skin disease was 3 years (IQR 7.8). Majority of our patients were male (89.5%, n = 34), and the commonest mode of transmission is men who have sex with men (36.8%, n = 14). Most patients (92.1%, n = 35) had Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome when they presented with skin diseases, predominantly non‐infectious types (51.4%, n = 19). Commonest skin diseases include eczema (n = 7) and pruritic papular eruption of HIV (n = 6). Papules and plaques were the commonest morphology for both infectious and non‐infectious skin diseases.Duration of HIV diagnosis (P = 0.018) and non‐compliance to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) (P = 0.014) were significantly associated with the development of non‐infectious skin diseases. Overall, clinicopathological concordance was 84.2% in our centre.ConclusionA wide spectrum of cutaneous diseases can occur in HIV patients depending on the degree of immunosuppression. skin biopsy along with appropriate stains, and microbiological cultures are important in helping clinicians clinch the right diagnosis.
Collective rumination: When “problem talk” impairs organizational resilience
Authors: Knipfer Kristin , Kump Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhen adversity strikes, organization members often turn to others in order to vent their negative emotions and receive social support. While social interaction is commonly seen as a major resource for organizational resilience, dysfunctional social interactions and their negative effects on coping with and overcoming adversity are less well understood. This conceptual article develops theory on collective rumination—defined as repetitive and prolonged discussions of adverse events that center on the negative and uncontrollable aspects of the situation—and its detrimental effects on organizational resilience. We elaborate that collective rumination emerges through a vicious circle of a shared negative situational assessment and mutual contagion with highly negative emotions. Based on our theorizing, we propose that collective rumination is negatively related to three core dimensions of organizational resilience: perceptions of control, commitment to joint action, and the acceptance of adversity as a challenge. With our conceptual article, we answer earlier calls to theorize about forms of social interactions that are not valuable but destructive for organizational resilience and elucidate previously neglected social dynamics that are dysfunctional for recovering from adversity.
Individualized model for predicting COVID‐19 deterioration in patients with cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Xu Bin , Song Ke‐Han , Yao Yi , Dong Xiao‐Rong , Li Lin‐Jun , Wang Qun , Yang Ji‐Yuan , Hu Wei‐Dong , Xie Zhi‐Bin , Luo Zhi‐Guo , Luo Xiu‐Li , Liu Jing , Rao Zhi‐Guo , Zhang Hui‐Bo , Wu Jie , Li Lan , Gong Hong‐Yun , Chu Qian , Song Qi‐Bin , Wang Jie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe 2019 novel coronavirus has spread rapidly around the world. Cancer patients seem to be more susceptible to infection and disease deterioration, but the factors affecting the deterioration remain unclear. We aimed to develop an individualized model for prediction of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) deterioration in cancer patients. The clinical data of 276 cancer patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in 33 designated hospitals of Hubei, China from December 21, 2019 to March 18, 2020, were collected and randomly divided into a training and a validation cohort by a ratio of 2:1. Cox stepwise regression analysis was carried out to select prognostic factors. The prediction model was developed in the training cohort. The predictive accuracy of the model was quantified by C‐index and time‐dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (t‐AUC). Internal validation was assessed by the validation cohort. Risk stratification based on the model was carried out. Decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the model. We found age, cancer type, computed tomography baseline image features (ground glass opacity and consolidation), laboratory findings (lymphocyte count, serum levels of C‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, urea, and d‐dimer) were significantly associated with symptomatic deterioration. The C‐index of the model was 0.755 in the training cohort and 0.779 in the validation cohort. The t‐AUC values were above 0.7 within 8 weeks both in the training and validation cohorts. Patients were divided into two risk groups based on the nomogram: low‐risk (total points ≤ 9.98) and high‐risk (total points > 9.98) group. The Kaplan‐Meier deterioration‐free survival of COVID‐19 curves presented significant discrimination between the two risk groups in both training and validation cohorts. The model indicated good clinical applicability by DCA curves. This study presents an individualized nomogram model to individually predict the possibility of symptomatic deterioration of COVID‐19 in patients with cancer.
Transcriptional dysregulation by aberrant enhancer activation and rewiring in cancer
Authors: Okabe Atsushi , Kaneda Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCell identity is controlled by regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers, and insulators, within the genome. These regulatory elements interact in the nucleus and form tissue‐specific chromatin structures. Dysregulation of these elements and their interactions can lead to loss of cell identity and promote the development of diseases such as cancer. Tumor cells acquire aberrantly activated enhancers at oncogenic driver genes through various mechanisms. Small genomic changes such as mutations, insertions, and amplifications can form aberrant enhancers. Genomic rearrangements at the chromosomal level, including translocations and inversions, are also often observed in cancers. These rearrangements can result in repositioning of enhancers to locations near tumor‐type‐specific oncogenes. Chromatin structural changes caused by genomic or epigenomic changes lead to mis‐interaction between enhancers and proto‐oncogenes, ultimately contributing to tumorigenesis through activation of oncogenic signals. Additional epigenomic mechanisms can also cause aberrant enhancer activation, including those associated with overexpression of oncogenic transcription factors and the mutation of transcriptional cofactors. Exogenous viral DNA can also lead to enhancer aberrations. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying aberrant oncogene activation through enhancer activation and rewiring, both of which are caused by genomic or epigenomic alterations in non‐coding regions.
Insectivorous bat occupancy is mediated by drought and agricultural land use in a highly modified ecoregion
Authors: Smith Trinity N. , Furnas Brett J. , Nelson Misty D. , Barton Daniel C. , Clucas Barbara 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimCalifornia's Central Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions worldwide, is home to a high number of at‐risk species due to habitat conversion. Amplifying the issue, the Central Valley faces severe droughts, creating water scarcity in surrounding natural areas. At least 14 insectivorous bat species live in this region, and prior studies show mixed results regarding the impact of agriculture and drought on bats. The aim of this study was to investigate how bats use agricultural areas during drought.LocationCentral Valley, California, United States.MethodsWe deployed ultrasonic acoustic detectors at 274 sites from March through July of 2016, the final year of an extreme drought, and 2017, one of the wettest years on record. We identified bats to species, used single‐species occupancy models including biologically relevant covariates and created spatial projections of ecoregion‐wide occupancy for each species.ResultsWe modelled occupancy for eight bat species. Long‐distance migrants in the study area contracted their geographic range during the drought, while resident species did not. Five of the eight bats in this analysis were more likely to occupy areas with orchard crop cover. Lastly, arid‐adapted bats used cultivated landscapes during the drought but retracted their range after the drought ended.Main conclusionsMigratory bats appeared to shift occupancy more during drought than resident bats, possibly because of lower roost fidelity. Additionally, the effects of drought on some bat species in the Central Valley may be buffered by agricultural landscapes acting as drought refugia. Overall, this study demonstrates the benefits of broad‐scale acoustic studies which can serve as a tool to track changing bat distributions on the landscape and provide baseline occupancy for acoustically detectable species.
The burden of poor glycaemic control in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Sweden: A health economic modelling analysis based on nationwide data
Authors: Hellgren Margareta , Svensson Ann‐Marie , Franzén Stefan , Ericsson Åsa , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Ekström Nils , Bertilsson Rebecka , Valentine William , Malkin Samuel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the economic and clinical burden associated with poor glycaemic control in Sweden, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating first‐line glucose‐lowering therapy.Materials and MethodsPopulation data were obtained from Swedish national registers. Immediate glycaemic control was compared with delays in achieving control of 1 and 3 years, with outcomes projected over 3, 10 and 50 years in the validated IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model. Glycaemic control was defined as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) targets of 52, 48 and 42 mmol/mol, as recommended in Swedish guidelines, according to age and disease duration. Costs (expressed in 2019 Swedish krona [SEK]) were accounted from a Swedish societal perspective.ResultsImmediate glycaemic control was associated with population‐level cost savings of up to SEK 279 million and SEK 673 million versus delays of 1 and 3 years, respectively, as well as small population‐level life expectancy benefits of up to 1305 and 2590 life years gained. Reduced levels of burden were a result of lower incidence and delayed time to onset of diabetes‐related complications.ConclusionsEven in people with T2D initiating first‐line glucose‐lowering therapy, the economic burden of poor glycaemic control in Sweden is substantial, but could be reduced by early and effective treatment to achieve glycaemic targets.
Unusual complication of late presentation deceleration aortic injury
Authors: Risher William , Stevenson Samuel , Danrad Raman , Kerut Edmund K. , Batson Robert , Bhalla Ritu , Vander Heide Richard , Hollier Larry H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 50‐year‐old patient presented with a stroke. An ascending aortic mass noted by computed tomography was attached to the aortic wall and was found to be thrombus at surgery. Pathologic examination revealed an intraluminal thrombus attached to a focal segment of intimal fragmentation. Sectioning of the aortic wall revealed what were findings consistent with what would be noted with a previously unrecognized traumatic ascending aortic deceleration injury. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a late presentation of deceleration aortic injury, presenting with a thrombus within the ascending aorta.
The interaction processes of the fish assemblages between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, China
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Mingzheng , Chang Tao , Gao Xin , Liu Huanzhang , Cao Wenxuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLateral hydrological connectivity (LHC) maintains the high biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the river–floodplain system. We investigated the changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of fish assemblages in the lateral connection channel between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake, China, during the dry and wet seasons and which factors drive the changes. The results indicated more lake‐residence species and fewer river–lake species in the channel during the wet season than the dry season, leading to significant seasonal differences in taxonomic compositions and trait patterns. Water temperature, water level and fish migration influenced fish assemblage structures in the channel. Water‐level fluctuations that limited food sources and suitable habitats promoted the migration of riverine and lake‐residence fish during both seasons. Water temperature and level also significantly influenced species‐specific migration. Water temperature influenced the spawning migration of river–lake fish during the wet season. Based on these results, we found temporal species‐specific migration dynamics in fish assemblages in the lateral channel that were related to species’ life‐history traits. Therefore, we inferred that the temporal–spatial interaction of the fish community in the river–floodplain system is essentially derived from the evolutionary adaption to the monsoon climate. This process is well studied and predictable, and can be beneficial for managing the river–floodplain systems. The invasion risk of the exotic species, including fish and macroinvertebrates, should be assessed before implementing LHC restoration.
Reflections of psychomotor skill development in preclinical simulation: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Ziada Hassan M. , Ditmyer Marcia M. , Abubakr Neamat H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionReflection on competency helps students become more proficient in performing skills, with the ultimate goal of better retention of knowledge and skill. Competency progression involves a complex interplay of factors, and not having the insight of such multiple perspectives of the same experience, we will not be able to understand students as learners fully and consequently may rely on assumption and may not be able to provide the necessary interventions for growth and progress towards competency. This study aims to investigate students' insight of their own progression during psychomotor skill development.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from scanned reflective dialogue log document portfolios from the preclinical fixed dental prosthodontics section, which is part of a comprehensive dental care course during the second year. Data were coded using NVivo software version 12 plus (QSR International Pty Ltd, Vic, Australia), and subsequent thematic analyses identified emerging themes.ResultsThree themes emerged and these were (a) challenges to overcome, (b) feed‐back and self‐appraisal, and (c) progress and growth. The qualitative data generated did not reveal considerable variation in the students' reflections, and the three themes seem to interrelate.ConclusionsThe main challenge was the concept of the single path of insertion and the perception that it was a source of frustration during this course. Self‐appraisal identified time management issues and the transformation from preconceived or learned concepts. As the semester progressed, students reflected progress and growth.
Multivariate‐bounded Gaussian mixture model with minimum message length criterion for model selection
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Bouguila Nizar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBounded support Gaussian mixture model (BGMM) has been proposed for data modelling as an alternative to unbounded support mixture models for the cases when the data lies in bounded support. In this paper, we propose applications of multivariate BGMM in data clustering for more insightful analysis of the model. We also propose minimum message length (MML) criterion for model selection in data clustering using multivariate BGMM. The presented model is applied to data clustering in several speech (TSP and Spoken Digits) and image databases (MNIST and Fashion MNIST). We also propose the application of BGMM in code‐book generation at feature extraction phase. Inspired by the success of bag of visual words approach in computer vision, it is also introduced in speech data representation and validated through experiments presented in this paper. For validation of model selection criterion, MML is applied to different medical, speech and image datasets. Experimental results obtained during the model selection through MML are further compared with seven different model selection criteria. The results presented in the paper demonstrate the effectiveness of BGMM for clustering speech and image databases, code‐book generation through clustering for feature representation and model selection.
Defect‐based multiaxial fatigue life prediction of L‐PBF additive manufactured metals
Authors: Sanaei Niloofar , Fatemi Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFatigue cracks in additively manufactured (AM) components typically initiate from critical defects such as gas porosities and lack of fusion defects. In addition, such components are often subjected to multiaxial stresses at fatigue critical locations due to complex geometry and/or multiaxial loads. In this work, a fracture mechanics framework based on defects and their characteristics was used for multiaxial fatigue life prediction of laser‐based powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) fabricated Ti‐6Al‐4V and 17‐4 PH specimens as illustrative examples. Modes I and II and mixed‐mode small crack growth were considered in the predictions based on the experimentally observed damage mechanisms, depending on the metal, fabrication process, and post‐process treatment conditions. Implications of initial defects characteristics under multiaxial loading and the effect of roughness‐induced closure in mixed‐mode crack growth are also discussed.
Gender disparities operate in opposite directions for hospitalizations and mortality among individuals receiving long‐term ART in rural Uganda
Authors: Massah G , Zhang W , Birungi J , Nanfuka M , Zhu J , Okoboi S , Kaleebu P , Tibenganas B , Moore DM 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesWe conducted an analysis to determine if differences in health‐seeking behaviour can explain gender disparities in mortality among long‐term survivors receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural Uganda.MethodsFrom June 2012 to January 2014, we enrolled patients receiving a first‐line ART regimen for at least 4 years without previous viral load (VL) testing in Jinja, Uganda. We measured HIV VL at study entry. We switched participants to second‐line therapy, if VL was ≥ 1000 copies/mL on two measurements, and followed participants for 3 years. We collected clinical and behavioural data at enrolment and every 6 months after that. We used Poisson regression to examine factors associated with hospitalizations and Cox proportional hazards modelling to assess mortality to September 2016.ResultsWe enrolled 616 participants (75.3% female), with a median age of 44 years and a median duration of ART use of 6 years. Of these, 113 (18.3%) had VLs ≥ 1000 copies/mL. Hospitalizations occurred in 101 participants (7% of men vs. 20% of women; P < 0.001). A total of 22 (3.6%) deaths occurred, 9% of men vs. 2% of women (P < 0.001). Multivariate modelling revealed that mortality was associated with age [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.07 per year increase; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.13], male gender (AHR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.06–6.23) and time‐updated CD4 counts (AHR = 0.67 per 100 cell increment; 95% CI: 0.52–0.88). Virological failure was not associated with mortality (P = 0.762).ConclusionFemale patients receiving ART in rural Uganda were three times more likely to be hospitalized than men, but male mortality was nearly four times higher. Facilitating care for acute medical problems may help to improve survival among male ART patients.
Light pollution is the fastest growing potential threat to firefly conservation in the Atlantic Forest hotspot
Authors: Vaz Stephanie , Manes Stella , Gama‐Maia Danielle , Silveira Luiz , Mattos Gustavo , Paiva Paulo C. , Figueiredo Marcos , Lorini Maria Lucia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn addition to being threatened by habitat loss derived from deforestation and urbanisation, fireflies are further deeply impacted by light pollution, which impairs their unique use of light signals to communicate and track females. The impact of stressors that can lead to declines in firefly populations is poorly known in the southern hemisphere, including the Atlantic Forest where they are especially diverse, associated with lack of knowledge about their distributions.Here, we model the potential distribution of the tracker ghost fireflyAmydetes fastigiataand investigate whether light pollution, urbanisation and deforestation are increasing over time in this area.We found that light pollution is the stressor with the most prominent increase rates over its distribution. Light pollution is significantly increasing in extent and intensity over time, outpassing urbanisation and deforestation which increased at lower rates. Protected areas successfully buffer effects of urbanisation and deforestation, but are incapable to halt the spread of light pollution.Increasing light pollution is especially concerning due to the spotlighting behaviour ofA. fastigiatato track females through the night, which is imperilled by overshadowing lights. Light pollution trends are increasing fast and should be considered as a significant stressor even within protected areas – which calls for a reform in regional conservation policies and designation of new areas to be prioritised.We presented a framework for the evaluation of threat rates based on species distribution models that can foster future research and assess vulnerabilities of important species facing global change.