bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Clinical Features in Colombian Patients With Rolandic Epilepsy and Suggestion of Unlikely Association With GRIN2A, RBFOX1, or RBFOX3 Gene Variants
Authors: Tascón-Arcila José , Rojas-Jiménez Sara , Cornejo-Sánchez Diana , Gómez-Builes Paola , Ucroz-Benavides Andrea , Holguín Blear-Maria , Restrepo-Arbeláez Daniel , Gómez-Castillo Christhian , Solarte-Mia Rodrigo , Cornejo-Ochoa William , Pineda-Trujillo Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Our purpose was to describe the phenotypic features and test for association of genes GRIN2A, RBFOX1 and RBFOX3 with rolandic epilepsy in patients from Colombia. Methods: Thirty patients were enrolled. A structured interview was applied. In addition, saliva samples were collected from the patients and their parents. One polymorphism in each of GRIN2A, RBFOX1 and RBFOX3 genes was tested. Results: The average age at onset was 5.3 years. Almost half the sample presented prolonged seizures (>5 minutes); although the majority of the patients presented their seizures only while asleep, over a quarter presented them only while awake. The most frequent comorbidity was the presence of symptoms compatible with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Personal history of febrile seizures and parasomnias were equally frequent (20%). Family history of any type of epilepsy was reported in 80% of the patients, followed by migraine (73.3%) and poor academic performance (63.3%). About half the sample reported sleepwalking in parents or sibs. Most patients had received pharmacologic treatment. We found no association of rolandic epilepsy with the single nucleotide polymorphisms tested. Conclusions: Our rolandic epilepsy cohort presents clinical features clearly different from other cohorts. For instance, age at onset is much earlier in our set of patients, and personal and family history of febrile seizures as well as parasomnias are highly prevalent in our sample. No association of rolandic epilepsy with variants at the 3 genes tested was found. This lack of association may reflect the high genetic heterogeneity of the epilepsies.
Errors of Commission in Cardiac Arrest Care in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gill Harman Singh , Lindgren Elsa , Steele Alexander D. , Chakraborti Gouri , Calhoun Dylan A. , Bharati Pankaj , Srikanth Sathvik , Nett Sholeen T. , Braga Matthew S. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary arrests (CPAs) are common in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, effects of protocol deviations on CPA outcomes in the ICU are relatively unknown. Objectives: To establish the frequency of errors of commission (EOCs) during CPAs in the ICU and their relationship with CPA outcomes. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data entered into institutional registry with inclusion criteria of age >18 years and non-traumatic cardiac arrest in the ICU. EOCs consist of administration of drugs or procedures performed during a CPA that are not recommended by ACLS guidelines. Primary outcome: relationship of EOCs with likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Secondary outcomes: relationship of specific EOCs to ROSC and relationship of EOCs and CPA length on ROSC. Results: Among 120 CPAs studied, there was a cumulative ROSC rate of 66%. Cumulatively, EOCs were associated with a decreased likelihood of ROSC (OR: 0.534, 95% CI: 0.387-0.644). Specifically, administration of sodium bicarbonate (OR: 0.233, 95% CI: 0.084-0.644) and calcium chloride (OR: 0.278, 95% CI: 0.098-0.790) were the EOCs that significantly reduced likelihood of attaining ROSC. Each 5-minute increment in CPA duration and/or increase in number of EOCs corresponded to fewer patients sustaining ROSC. Conclusions: EOCs during CPAs in the ICU were common. Among all EOCs studied, sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride seemed to have the greatest association with decreased likelihood of attaining ROSC. Number of EOCs and CPA duration both seemed to have an inversely proportional relationship with the likelihood of attaining and sustaining ROSC. EOCs represent potentially modifiable human factors during a CPA through resources such as life safety nurses.
Acupuncture combined with multidisciplinary care for recovery after traumatic multiple rib fractures: a prospective feasibility cohort study
Authors: Kim Kun Hyung , Lee Chan Kyu , Cho Hyun Min , Kim Youngwoong , Kim Seon Hee , Shin Myung Jun , Kim Jung Eun , Shin Yu Kyung , Lee Soo Jin , Seok Junepill , Choi Ju Hee , Kim Minkyung , Kim Young Hee 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Acute pain significantly delays early physiological recovery and results in chronic functional disability in patients with traumatic multiple rib fractures (MRFs). This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the feasibility of acupuncture combined with multidisciplinary care during recovery in patients with traumatic MRFs. Methods: Twenty patients with traumatic MRFs who were admitted to a regional trauma centre in South Korea were enrolled. A combination of acupuncture and multidisciplinary inpatient ward management was provided at the trauma ward. Patients were permitted to continue acupuncture treatments at outpatient clinics for 3 months after the traumatic events. Clinical outcomes, including pain, acute physiological recovery, quality of life, patient satisfaction with the care provided, respiratory function and use of opioids, were evaluated up to 6 months after trauma. Results: Seventeen (85%) participants completed the 6-month follow-up. One patient withdrew consent during admission due to discomfort after three sessions of acupuncture. The proportion of patients with above-moderate level of pain decreased from 95% at baseline to 41% at 6 months. Quality of life appeared to deteriorate consistently throughout the study period. Around 80% of respondents expressed satisfaction with the acupuncture treatments and stated that they found acupuncture to be acceptable. Over 94% of respondents reported slight or considerable improvement. Conclusion: The provision of acupuncture combined with multidisciplinary care for recovery in patients with traumatic MRFs was feasible in a regional trauma centre in South Korea. Randomised trials are needed to investigate the role of acupuncture combined with multidisciplinary care in the future. Trial registration number: KCT0002911 (Clinical Research Information Service)
Management of Type II Diabetes by Modulating the Modifiable Risk Factors: A Future Roadmap for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Complications
Authors: Sharma Kanupriya , Battu Priya , Anand Akshay , Nagarathna Raghuram , Kaur Navneet , Malik Neeru , Singh Amit , Nagendra Hongasandhra R 
Published: May 2021

Background: Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a screening tool for quantifying the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) development in the Indian population. The present study has evaluated the level of risk of developing DM in Chandigarh and Panchkula based on the IDRS score. Methods: As a part of a national diabetes control trial funded by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 1,916 participants from the Chandigarh and Panchkula regions were assessed for the risk of developing DM. Risk assessment was done on the basis of the IDRS score which includes age, family history, waist circumference, and physical activity as its contributing factors. Participants with an IDRS score <30 were in the low-risk category, those with 30 to 50 were in the moderate-risk category, and those with >60 were in the high-risk category for DM. Results: Out of the 1,916 screened respondents (59.86% females and 40.14% males), 894 participants (46.65%) were at a high risk for DM (IDRS >60), 764 (39.87%) were at a moderate risk (IDRS = 30–60), and 258 (13.46%) were at a low risk (IDRS <30). Waist circumference contributed to 35.90% of the high-risk category followed by age (19.67%) and physical activity (11.67%). Age and waist circumference also showed a strong correlation with the total IDRS score. Conclusion: The Chandigarh and Panchkula population showed a high tendency to develop DM based on the IDRS score. Modifiable risk factors such as waist circumference and physical activity were the major contributing factors. Apart from the modifiable risk factors, age was also another major contributing risk factor. Based on these outcomes, lifestyle modifications like yoga and exercise can be proposed for this population as a preventive approach to reduce the risk of developing DM and other associated cerebrovascular complications.
New Drug Formulary Management and Utilization: Evidence in Sex, Race, and Ethnicity: 2019-2020
Authors: Keeys Christopher A. , Harding Benjamin W. , Migneco Gina E. , Rahini Sina S. , Coleman Hope B. 
Published: May 2021

Background It is well established that females and persons of racial and ethnic minorities are frequently underrepresented in clinical trials. These disparities are potentially important aspects of evidence-based formulary management and drug utilization review (DUR) processes. Objective The purpose of this study was to review the demographic composition of pivotal trials and post-approval study requirements for recent FDA-approved drugs, analyzing the representation of minority groups and its generalizability to the US population or corresponding disease state. Methods Drugs approved between July 2019 and June 2020 were identified and demographic data including race, ethnicity, and sex was extracted from their pivotal trials. Demographic data was compared to US demographics and/or the disease state demographics for the respective approved drug. Results There were a total of 85 drugs and 142 pivotal trials included in the study. Compared to the estimated US population, the minority groups with a statistically significant underrepresentation across all pivotal trials included Black or African Americans and American Indian or Alaska Natives. The Hispanic/Latinx population had a statistically significant underrepresentation in 55.4% of trials. Females had a statistically significant underrepresentation in 21.2% of trials when compared to the disease state demographics of the respective approved drug. Conclusion and Relevance Persons of minorities are underrepresented in the generation of evidence of safety and efficacy for many new drugs. Formulary management and DUR offer an integrated strategic opportunity for the clinical community to formally and carefully consider the data on sex, race, and ethnicity to address disparities in health care.
Who Is Talking About Adverse Childhood Experiences? Evidence From Twitter to Inform Health Promotion
Authors: Srivastav Aditi , Park Kaitlyn , Koziarski Alyssa , Strompolis Melissa , Purtle Jonathan 
Published: May 2021

Background Growing availability of research about addressing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has recently been embraced by the mainstream media and public. Social media, especially Twitter, provides a unique forum and platform for the public to access and share information about this topic. Objective This study aims to better understand how the public is framing, sharing, and using research about ACEs on Twitter and to examine the information being commonly discussed about ACEs. Method We obtained tweets on the topics of ACEs, childhood resilience, and childhood trauma between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. This timeframe was determined based on key related events in the mainstream media. Crimson Hexagon, a social media analytics system using Boolean logic, was used to identify salient topics, influencers, and conduct a content analysis. Results A total of 195,816 relevant tweets were obtained from our search. The weekly volume was approximately 1,864 tweets. Key topics included general use of the term ACEs (23%), trauma and ACEs (19%), long-term impact of ACEs (12%), preventing ACEs (11%), short-term effects of ACEs (8%), the 1997 ACE Study (5%), and students with ACEs (5%). The top two sentiments were fear and joy. Top conversation influencers included pediatricians, child health advocacy organizations, California’s state government, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Public Radio. Conclusion This analysis provides insight to the ways the public is conversing about ACEs and related topics. Results indicated that conversations focus on increasing awareness of ACEs by content experts and public health organizations. This presents an opportunity to leverage social media tools to increase public engagement and awareness.
Educational intervention to adopt selective laser trabeculoplasty as first-line glaucoma treatment: Randomized controlled trial: Educational intervention on selective laser trabeculoplasty
Authors: Tran Evelyn , Sanvicente Carina , Hark Lisa A , Myers Jonathan S , Zhang Qiang , Shiuey Eric J , Tran Judie , Bonafede Lucas , Hamershock Rose A , Withers Colleen , Katz L Jay 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of an educational intervention on patient adoption and attitudes toward selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as first-line treatment for glaucoma. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Subjects include 33 patients within 1-year diagnosis of either primary open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or pseudoexfoliation syndrome. After informed consent, subjects were randomly assigned to a Usual Care or Educational Intervention group. All subjects completed a pre-intervention questionnaire. The Educational Intervention group was shown a slideshow presentation and a 3-min video and given a post-intervention questionnaire. Follow-up examinations were reviewed for 6 months to determine subject completion of SLT, the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include assessment of attitude toward SLT before and after intervention. Results: Age, gender, and baseline characteristics between the groups did not differ. The Usual Care group had a higher proportion of African Americans (77% vs 31%, p = 0.04). At 6 months following the intervention, 63% of subjects underwent SLT compared to 35% of Usual Care subjects ( p = 0.12). Older age was associated with decreased SLT uptake (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, p = 0.03). Prior to the intervention, there were no differences in attitudes of both groups regarding SLT therapy. Nineteen percent of Educational Intervention subjects changed positively toward SLT ( p = 0.08) and 50% scheduled an SLT appointment after intervention ( p = 0.005). Conclusions: A slideshow and video-based educational intervention may positively enhance patient adoption of SLT. Clinical trial registration name, number, URL: Educational Intervention to Adopt SLT as First-Line Glaucoma Treatment, NCT03365778, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03365778
Does exogenous androgen use affect the retinal blood flow: An OCTA study in transgender men
Authors: Tüten Abdullah , Hamzaoğlu Kübra , Gönen Busenur , Tüten Nevin , Uçar Didar 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of using exogenous androgen on retinal microvascular structures in transgender men. Methods: Retinal microvascular structures of transgender men and healthy women in the control group were visualized with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), superficial capillary vascular density (sCVD), deep capillary vascular density (dCVD), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vascular density were evaluated. Results: Thirty transgender men and 30 healthy women were included in the study. There were no significant differences between transgender men and the control group in terms of FAZ, central macular thickness, parafoveal, and perifoveal retinal thicknesses ( p = 0.859, 0.288, 0.561, and 0.719; respectively). sCVD were found to be low in transgender men in the whole image, parafoveal, and perifoveal zones ( p = 0.006, 0.025, and 0.005; respectively). Although there were low values of dCVD of the whole image, parafoveal, and perifoveal zones in transgender men, the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.295, 0.085, and 0.270; respectively). RPC vessel densities in the whole image, peripapillary zone, and the inferior of the optic disc were found to be significantly low in transgender men ( p = 0.003, 0.005, and 0.003; respectively). Conclusion: In this study, a decrease in vessel density in the superficial retinal layers and around the optic disc was detected in transgender men. These findings suggest that routine ophthalmological examination may be important in individuals who use exogenous androgens.
Prevalence of Mastitis and Phenotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Lactating Dairy Cows of Selected Dairy Farms in and Around Adama Town, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Kaleab , Gizaw Zemichael , Haile Aklilu Feleke 
Published: May 2021

Background: The emergence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious public health threat. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics are known as MRSA. MRSA has gained attention as community pathogen. MRSA has been increasingly reported as emerging problem in veterinary medicine. However, little is known in Ethiopia. This study was, therefore, conducted to identify MRSA, to determine its drug susceptibility patterns, and mastitis infection in dairy cattle in and around Adama town, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of MRSA in mastitic dairy cows in and around Adama town, central Ethiopia. A total of 384 lactating cows were included from the conveniently selected dairy farms in the study area. Approximately 10 ml of milk was aseptically collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows into sterile universal bottles after discarding the first 3 milking streams. Then, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using the conventional bacteriological procedure. Resistance to methicillin was detected using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility method. Oxacillin disc was used to detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted against MRSA strains using streptomycin (S, 10 µg), amoxicillin (Am, 25 µg), kanamycin (k, 30 µg), nalidixic acid (NA, 30 µg), oxytetracycline (OT, 30 µg) sulphonamide (S, 300 µg) and ceftriazole (CRO, 30 µg). Results: The study found that the prevalence of mastitis was 121(31.5%). Among this 37(30.6%) were clinical mastitis and 84 (69.4%) of them were sub-clinical mastitis. Of 121 mastitis cases, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 37 (30.6%) of mastitic cow milk samples. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly affected by breed, age, floor type and hygienic status of the milkers ( P < .05). Moreover, 32.4% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. A total of 75% percent of MRSA isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 66.7% were resistant to oxytetracycline, and 50% were resistant to sulphonamide. However, 75% of MRSA isolates were susceptible to kanamycin, 58.3% were susceptible to streptomycin, and 50% were susceptible to nalidixic acid. Conclusion: The study revealed that relatively high number of strains are resistant to the antibiotics commonly used in the therapeutic protocol of many human and animal infections. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility test should be carried out at a regular basis and proper hygienic practices should be introduced at farm level. Creating public awareness about transmission, prevention and control of MRSA should also be considered.
Validation of an obstructive sleep apnea symptom inventory in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Singh Mini , Gavidia Ronald , Dunietz Galit Levi , Washnock-Schmid Elizabeth , Romeo Andrew R , Hershner Shelley , Chervin Ronald D , Braley Tiffany J 
Published: May 2021

Background: Improved screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) could enhance multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical care; yet the utility of current screening tools for OSA have yet to be evaluated in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: The STOP-Bang Questionnnaire is an 8-item screening tool for OSA that is commonly used in non-MS samples. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the STOP-Bang in PwMS. Methods: STOP-Bang and polysomnography data were analyzed from n = 200 PwMS. Sensitivity, specificity, positive-, and negative-predictive value (PPV and NPV) were calculated, with receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, for each STOP-Bang threshold score, against polysomnography-confirmed OSA diagnosis at three apnea severity thresholds (mild, moderate, and severe). Results: Nearly 70% had a STOP-Bang score of ⩾3% and 78% had OSA. The STOP-Bang at a threshold score of 3 provided sensitivities of 87% and 91% to detect moderate and severe OSA, respectively; and NPV of 84% and 95% to identify PwMS without moderate or severe OSA, respectively. Sensitivity to detect milder forms of OSA was 76%. The NPV to identify persons without milder forms of OSA was 40%. Conclusion: The STOP-Bang Questionnaire is an effective tool to screen for moderate and severe OSA in PwMS, but may be insufficient to exclude mild OSA.
The dignity of older individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: A scoping review
Authors: Torossian Maral R 
Published: May 2021

Background Supporting human dignity is the essence of delivery of care. Dignity is one’s sense of self-value that is influenced by the perceived value attributed to the individual from others. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are at risk of violations of their dignity, due to their diminished autonomy, the alteration in their sense of self, the loss of meaningful social roles, and their limited interactions with peers and confirmation of identity. Objectives A scoping review was conducted to explore the state of art regarding the dignity of individuals with ADRD. Methods: A search was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Relevant articles were analyzed and organized based on the themes they addressed, and a narrative description of findings was presented. Results Twenty-six articles were included in the review. Findings highlighted characteristics of care that affected the dignity of these individuals. Researchers found that care was task-centered, depersonalized, and lacked a genuine connection. Individuals with ADRD experienced embarrassment, lack of freedom, and powerlessness, which contributed to feelings of being devalued, and threatened their dignity. Studies testing interventions to enhance dignity were either inconclusive, lacked rigor, or had no lasting effect. Conclusion: The dignity of individuals with ADRD may be violated during healthcare interactions. More research is needed to objectively measure the dignity of these individuals and examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting dignity.