bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Markers of Breast Tissue for the Diagnosis of Regional Metastatic Lesion
Authors: Chagovets Vitaliy , Tokareva Alisa , Starodubtseva Natalia , Kometova Vlada , Rodionova Maria , Chingin Konstantin , Rodionov Valeriy , Frankevich Vladimir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The development of minimally invasive, non-traumatic and stable approaches for the diagnosis of metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes upon breast cancer is of great urgency. Here we recorded lipid profiles of normal breast tissue and malignant tissue to reveal potential lipid markers of metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes. Lipid identification was done using the Lipid Match package. The search for lipid markers was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. Lipids for the construction of a diagnostic logistic regression were selected according to the Akaike information criterion. For normal breast tissue, a diagnostic model was obtained with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83; for tumor tissue, a model with AUC = 0.86 was obtained. The species PC 14:0_20:4, PE 18:1_20:1, PC P-16:0/20:4, PC P-16:0/20:4, PE P-16:0/22:4, SM d18:1/18 0, SM d18:1/22:0 were determined as markers for normal breast tissue. The species PC 18:2_22:6, PC O-18:0/20:2, SM d16:1/18:1, SM d22:0/20:2, SM d16:0/18:2 were determined as markers for tumor tissue. The high AUC values ​​for the developed diagnostic model indicate the potential significance of the revealed marker species for the diagnosis of breast cancer metastasis and indicate the need for further research in this direction.
High resolution evaluation of various cochlear implant electrodes’ scalar position by 3T MRI
Authors: Riemann C , Scholtz LU , Gehl HB , Sudhoff H , Todt I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: The estimation of scalar electrode position is a central point of quality control during the cochlear implant procedure. Ionic radiation is a disadvantage of commonly used radiologic estimation of electrode position. Recent developments in the field of cochlear implant magnets, implant receiver magnet position, and MRI sequence usage allow the postoperative evaluation of inner ear changes after cochlear implantation.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the position of lateral wall and modiolar cochlear implant electrodes using 3T MRI scanning.Material and Methods: In a prospective study, we evaluated 20 patients (10x Med-El Flex 28; 5x HFMS AB and 5x SlimJ AB) with a 3T MRI and a T2 2D Drive MS sequence (voxel size: 0.3 x 0.3 x 0.9 mm) for the estimation of the intracochlear position of the cochlear implant electrode.Results: In all cases, MRI allowed a determination of the electrode position in relation to the basilar membrane. This observation made the estimation of 19 scala tympani electrode positions and a single case of electrode translocation possible.Conclusion: 3T MRI scanning allows the estimation of lateral wall and modiolar electrode intracochlear scalar positions.
Morphometric and Histomorphometric Evaluations of High-Purity Macro/Microporous β-TCP in Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation
Authors: Fujita Atsushi , Fukumoto Chonji , Hasegawa Tomonori , Sawatani Yuta , Kawamata Hitoshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study examined the effectiveness of high-purity macro/microporous beta-tricalcium phosphate (HPMM β-TCP) as a bone grafting material for maxillary sinus floor elevation by morphometric and histopathological, histomorphometric evaluations.Methods: Ten maxillary sinus ﬂoor elevation procedures using 100% HPMM β-TCP were performed on 10 patients. Morphometric evaluation was carried out by CT imaging immediately after augmentation and prior to dental implant placement after 7 months.Histopathological and histomorphometric evaluation were carried out by bone biopsy retrieval at the time of dental implant placement 7 months after sinus floor elevation. Results: All 10 sinus floor elevations were successful. Morphometric evaluation by CT images showed that the vertical height and the volume gained by sinus floor elevation decreased 7 months after surgery. Histopathological evaluation by bone biopsy retrieval specimens showed no signs of inﬂammation at the newly formed bone area and the native alveolar bone area. New bone formation was observed at the cranial side from the native alveolar bone. The newly formed bone had a trabecular structure and was in intimate contact with the HPMM β-TCP material. Histomorphometric evaluation by bone biopsy retrieval specimens revealed an average new bone volume of 33.97%±2.79% and an average residual HPMM β-TCP volume of 15.81%±4.52%.Conclusions: In this study, HPMM β-TCP showed the osteoconductive properties for vertical augmentation of the atrophied maxilla by means of a maxillary sinus ﬂoor elevation procedure allowing subsequent dental implant placement after a 7-month healing period.
Characteristics of United States Military Pilots with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Keithler Andrea N. , Wilson Andrew S. , Yuan Alexander , Sosa Jose M. , Bush Kelvin N.V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
INTRODUCTIONAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a recognized disqualifying condition for United States military pilots impacting deployments and retention. This study aims to characterize United States active duty (AD) pilots with AF and review deployment and retention rates associated with medical and ablative therapies. METHODSAn observational analysis was performed to assess AD pilots diagnosed with AF in the largest military regional healthcare system from 2004 to 2019. Baseline characteristics and AF management were reviewed.RESULTS27 AD pilots (mean age, 37.3±7.9 years; mean BMI, 27.3±3.1 kg/m2; 100% male sex) were diagnosed with AF during the study dates. 17 (63%) were Air Force pilots with hypertension as the most common risk factor (26%) and overall low CHA2DS2-VASc scores (mean 0.29±0.47). 22 (82%) pilots evenly received medical rate and rhythm strategies (41% and 41%, respectively). 16 (59%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with zero complications. 11 (41%) pilots received warfarin and 5 (19%) received a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for stroke prevention. After diagnosis 12 (44%) pilots deployed and 25 (93%) were military retained. PVI was not associated with a change in subsequent deployments rates (PVI, 38% vs No PVI, 55%; p=0.3809) or retention rates (PVI, 94 % vs no PVI, 91%; p=0.7835).CONCLUSIONSUnited States military pilots diagnosed with AF are younger patients with few traditional AF risk factors. They receive medical rate and rhythm strategies equally. Many pilots maintain deployment eligibility and most remain on AD status after diagnosis. PVI is not associated with changes in retention or deployment rates.
Interfacial coupling effect of Cr2O3 on the magnetic properties of Fe72Ga28 thin films
Authors: Hontecillas I. , Maicas M. , Andrés J. P. , Ranchal R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Here it is investigated the effect of the antiferromagnet Cr2O3 on the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Fe72Ga28 thin films. Although Fe72Ga28 layers have their magnetization almost in the sample plane, the interfacial coupling with Cr2O3 that has perpendicular magnetic moments enables to turn the Fe72Ga28 magnetization direction into the out of plane (OOP) direction. Cr2O3 has been obtained from Cr oxidation, whereas Fe72Ga28 has been deposited on top of it by sputtering in the ballistic regime. Although a uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy is expected for Fe72Ga28 thickness above 100 nm, the interfacial coupling with Cr2O3 prevents this anisotropy. The formation of stripe domains in Fe72Ga28 above a critical thickness reveals the enhancement of the out of plane component of the Fe72Ga28 magnetization with respect to uncoupled layers. Due to the interface coupling, the Fe72Ga28 magnetization turns into the out-of-plane direction as its thickness is gradually reduced, and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 3.4·106 erg·cm− 3 is inferred from experimental results. Eventually, the coupling between Cr2O3 and Fe72Ga28 promotes an exchange-bias effect that has been well fitted by means of the random field model.
Interleukin-6 induces spatially dependent whole-body hypersensitivity in rats: implications for extracephalic hypersensitivity in migraine
Authors: Avona Amanda , Price Theodore J , Dussor Gregory 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by throbbing head pain, increased sensitivity to light, sound, and touch, as well as nausea and fatigue. It is one of the most common and most disabling disorders globally but mechanisms causing migraine are poorly understood. While head pain is a typical feature of attacks, they also often present with cutaneous hypersensitivity in the rest of the body. In contrast, pain conditions in the lower parts of the body do not generally lead to cutaneous hypersensitivity in the head. Previous studies indicate that application of stimuli to the meninges of rodents causes cutaneous facial as well as hindpaw hypersensitivity. In the present study, we asked whether widespread hypersensitivity is a unique feature of dural stimulation or whether body-wide responses occur similarly when the same stimulus is given in other locations.Methods: Rats were given the same dose of IL-6 either via dural, intraplantar, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intracisternal, or intrathecal injection. Cutaneous facial and hindpaw allodynia was assessed using Von Frey following injection into each location. Results: Hindpaw allodynia was observed following dural and intraplantar injection of IL-6 in both males and females. Hindpaw allodynia was only observed in females following intracisternal and intrathecal IL-6 injections. In contrast, facial allodynia was only observed in either sex following dural and intracisternal injections, which would activate meningeal afferents and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), respectively. Conclusions : Here we show that while stimulation of upper body regions with IL-6 including the meninges and brainstem can cause widespread hypersensitivity spreading to the paws, similar stimulation of the lower body does not cause the spread of hypersensitivity into the head. These data are consistent with the observations that whole body hypersensitivity is specific to conditions such as migraine where pain is present in the head and they may provide insight into co-morbid pain states associated with migraine.
Prevalence and Correlates of Childhood-onset Bipolar Disorder among Adolescents
Authors: Barton Jessica S , Mio Megan , Timmins Vanessa , Mitchell Rachel H.B. , Goldstein Benjamin I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Early-onset Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with a more severe illness as well as a number of clinical factors amongst adults. Early-onset can be categorised as childhood- (age < 13) or adolescent- (age ≥ 13) onset, with the two displaying different clinical profiles. However, among adolescents, there is a paucity of research comparing the both prevalence and clinical profiles of childhood-onset to adolescent-onset BD. We set out to examine potential differences in demographic, clinical, and familial characteristics amongst adolescents with childhood- vs. adolescent-onset BD.
Methods

The study included 195 adolescents with BD, ages 14–18 years Age of onset was determined retrospectively by self-report. Participants completed the semi-structured K-SADS-PL diagnostic interviews along with self-reported dimensional scales. Analyses examined between-group differences in demographic, clinical, and familial variables, as well as individual manic and depressive symptom severity for most severe past episodes. Variables that were associated with age of onset at p < 0.1 in univariate analyses were evaluated in a logistic regression model.
Results

Approximately one-fifth of participants had childhood-onset BD (n = 35; 17.9%). A number of clinical and demographic factors were significantly associated with childhood-onset BD. However, there were no significant differences in individual depression and mania symptom severity. In multivariate analyses, the variables most strongly associated with childhood-onset were police contact, stimulant treatment, and family history of suicidal ideation (positively associated), as well as smoking and psychiatric hospitalization (negatively associated).
Conclusions

In this large clinical sample of adolescents with BD, one-fifth reported childhood-onset BD. Correlates of childhood-onset generally aligned with those observed in the literature, the majority of which were age-related. The lack of differences in individual manic and depressive symptom severity were particularly noteworthy. Future research is warranted to better understand the genetic and environmental implications of high familial loading of psychopathology associated with childhood-onset, and to integrate age-related treatment and prevention strategies.
What is the motivation of young emergency physicians to pursue an academic career in Emergency Medicine?
Authors: Douillet Delphine , Javaudin François , Laribi Saïd , Conte Philippe Le , Montassier Emmanuel , Peschanski Nicolas , Querellou Emgan , Roy Pierre-Marie , Savary Dominique , Soulat Louis , Batard Eric 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

The study aims were to assess the motivation behind embarking on a university hospital career in Emergency Medicine, as well as any potential motivational barriers and levers.
Methods

We carried out a multicenter prospective observational study. All interns from the first year to the fourth year of a residency program in Emergency Medicine as well as young emergency physicians at 5 universities in the west of France were interviewed. A questionnaire with 37 questions was developed based on the literature and in line with the Delphi method. The questionnaires were self-administered online. This questionnaire assessed 4 aspects: demographic data, overall motivational factors, specific motivational factors, and motivational barriers and levers.
Results

The participation rate was 70%, with 193 answers. A median of 3 (2–4) out of 6 was the result for motivation to pursue an academic career in Emergency Medicine. Twenty respondents (10%) showed a genuine motivation for an academic career, rating this item at 5 or 6 (out of 6). The most motivated students were those who had received research training (first-level master’s degree, Master 1) (OR, 3.2 [95%CI: 1.3 to 3.9]). Among them, the most important potential levers were the possibility to devote at least 50% of the time to clinical activity, the time dedicated to missions, clear recruitment prospects, and supervision/guidance in preparing for an academic career.
Conclusions

Ten percent of the young emergency physicians who responded to this questionnaire have a high motivation for an academic career, which suggests that there is a large potential reserve of academics in emergency medicine. There are several levels to maintain this motivation and transform it into commitment in the academic course.
The Memory Effect on Fractional Calculus: An Application in the Spread of Covid-19
Authors: de Barros Laécio Carvalho , Lopes Michele Martins , Simões Francielle Santo Pedro , Esmi Estevão , Santos José Paulo Carvalho dos , Sánchez Daniel Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Fractional calculus has been widely used in mathematical modeling of evolutionary systems with memory effect on dynamics. The main interest of this work is to attest, through a statistical approach, how the hysteresis phenomenon, which describes a type of memory effect present in biological systems, can be treated by fractional calculus. We also analyse the contribution of the historical values of a function in the evaluation of fractional operators according to their order. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this non-integer order calculus, we consider the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) compartmental model which is widely used in epidemiology. We employ this compartmental model to study the dynamics of the spread of Covid-19 in some countries, one version with memory and one without memory.
Uncertainty analysis of rising sewer models with respect to input parameters and model structure using Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Santoro Domenico , Batstone Damien J. , DeGroot Christopher T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modelling conversion processes in sewers can help minimize odour and pipe corrosion issues, but model uncertainties and errors must be understood. In this study, the Wastewater Aerobic/Anaerobic Transformation in Sewers (WATS) model is implemented in two different frameworks; 1-D (CSTR-in-series) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the uncertainties due to model parameters and its mathematical form. The 1-D model is used to conduct uncertainty/sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulations. Time-averaged outputs were represented using a general linearized model to quantify the importance of specific parameters. The sulfide formation rate per unit area of the biofilm is the most influential parameter. Parameters controlling anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation are also significant. Uncertainty due to model structure is studied using CFD to explore the influences of non-homogeneous surface reactions and solids settling. These showed that the 1-D model provides a reasonable characterisation of the process for simple flows in pressure mains.
Simultaneous nitrification and phosphate removal by bioaugmented aerobic granules treating a fluoroorganic compound
Authors: Duque Anouk F. , Bessa Vânia S. , van Dongen Udo , de Kreuk Merle K. , Mesquita Raquel B. R. , Rangel António O. S. S. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Castro Paula M. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The presence of toxic compounds in wastewater can cause problems for organic matter and nutrient removal. In this study, the long-term effect of a model xenobiotic, 2-fluorophenol (2-FP), on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) in aerobic granular sludge was investigated. Phosphate (P) and ammonium (N) removal efficiencies were high (&gt;93%) and, after bioaugmentation with 2-FP degrading strain FP1, 2-FP was completely degraded. Neither N nor P removal were affected by 50 mg L−1 of 2-FP in the feed stream. Changes in the aerobic granule bacterial communities were followed. Numerical analysis of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed low diversity for the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene with an even distribution of species. PAOs, including denitrifying PAO (dPAO), and AOB were present in the 2-FP degrading granules, although dPAO population decreased throughout the 444 days reactor operation. The results demonstrated that the aerobic granules bioaugmented with FP1 strain successfully removed N, P and 2-FP simultaneously.
Reflexão sobre práticas de ensino de português e espanhol durante a pandemia na Nova Zelândia
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane , Direnzo Raquel 
Published: April 2021

Este artigo é um relato de experiências e reflexões de práticas pedagógicas adotadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 para os cursos on-line de português e espanhol da Massey University (NZ). Antes da pandemia, esses cursos promoviam eventos presenciais e viagens de imersão para fomentar a motivação, o sentimento de pertencimento e a interação entre os alunos. Entretanto, durante a pandemia, essas atividades se tornaram inviáveis. Apresentamos neste trabalho ferramentas digitais e práticas pedagógicas que nos auxiliaram a fomentar tais aspectos em ambiente exclusivamente on-line. Apesar dos desafios impostos pelo novo cenário mundial, observamos que foi um momento importante para repensar práticas consolidadas e refletir acerca dos objetivos que almejamos para o ensino dessas línguas na Universidade. Destacamos, também, a importância do componente emocional e afetivo – por vezes esquecido em cursos universitários e para adultos, mas extremamente importante para uma aprendizagem significativa.
Realizacja Regionalnych Inwestycji Terytorialnych na przykładzie subregionu ostrołęckiego
Authors: Klimkowska Justyna , Pawłowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2021

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie stanu realizacji projektów w ramach Regionalnych Inwestycji Terytorialnych (RIT) na przykładzie subregionu ostrołęckiego. RIT to nowy mechanizm finansowania zaproponowany przez Samorząd Województwa Mazowieckiego na perspektywę finansową 2014–2020, mający za zadanie wspomaganie rozwoju obszarów wymagających wsparcia oraz wzmacnianie ich potencjałów poprzez rozwijanie funkcji społeczno-gospodarczych. Mechanizm ten powstał w wyniku zmiany w modelu polityki spójności Unii Europejskiej, która ma mieć ukierunkowanie terytorialne. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawione zostały podstawowe informacje na temat samego instrumentu RIT oraz sposobu jego realizacji w województwie mazowieckim. Następnie zaprezentowano krótką charakterystykę subregionu ostrołęckiego, zawierającą informacje o zidentyfikowanych w Planie Inwestycyjnym dla Miasta Ostrołęki i subregionu ostrołęckiego potencjałach i potrzebach inwestycyjnych obszaru. W dalszej części artykułu, na podstawie danych pozyskanych z Departamentu Rozwoju Regionalnego i Funduszy Europejskich Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Mazowieckiego, informacji zawartych w Planie Inwestycyjnym dla Miasta Ostrołęki i subregionu ostrołęckiego oraz innych dostępnych źródeł, dokonano podsumowania dotychczasowej realizacji projektów w ramach mechanizmu w subregionie ostrołęckim. Ponadto, porównano subregiony województwa mazowieckiego w zakresie łącznej liczby i wartości podpisanych umów na dofinansowanie zaplanowanych przedsięwzięć. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wykazały, że funkcjonowanie instrumentu RIT przynosi korzystne rezultaty zarówno w subregionie ostrołęckim, jak i w całym województwie mazowieckim. Mechanizm ten wspomaga rozwój obszarów w różnych dziedzinach, m.in.: infrastruktura drogowa, przygotowanie terenów pod działalność gospodarczą, rewitalizacja i ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego, infrastruktura zdrowotna oraz ograniczanie niskiej emisji. Działanie mechanizmu w kolejnych perspektywach finansowych z pewnością przyczyniłoby się do dalszego wzmacniania procesów rozwojowych w subregionach województwa mazowieckiego.