bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives
Authors: Basupi Innocent 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures and appliances whose water flows impact water distribution system (WDS) and sanitary sewer (SS) hydraulic performances in different ways. In the proposed flexible approach, a multi-objective optimisation problem was formulated and solved considering trade-offs of three objectives: (1) maximisation of the average cost savings (2) maximisation of the average WDS resilience index and (3) minimisation of the average SS self-cleansing velocity deficit factor. The decision variables include water-saving fixture and appliance capacities that are applied in a deterministic or flexible manner at a household level. The constraints include WDS and SS hydraulic requirements together with decision bounds of the available water-saving scheme capacities. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to obtain trade-off solutions. This method was demonstrated in the corresponding WDS and SS network subsystems of Tsholofelo extension in Gaborone, Botswana. The results indicate that WSSs lead to visibly conflicting WDS and SS hydraulic performances. Moreover, considering the uncertainty inherent in water demand and the corresponding planning and management of WDSs and SSs provides more sustainable solutions as demand uncertainties unveil.
Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Developmental Programming
of the Cardiovascular Changes in the Offspring
Authors: Sirasanagandla S. Rao , Al-Huseini Isehaq , Sofin R.G. Sumesh , Das Srijit 
Published: December 2021

:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial ubiquitous compound, frequently used to
produce synthetic polymers and epoxy resins. BPA is a well-recognized endocrine disruptor
and xenoestrogen compound. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental
studies suggests that perinatal BPA exposure (gestation and/or lactation) increases the
risk of developing various diseases, including the cardiovascular system. Developmental
programming refers to environmental insults during the critical window of development
that affect the structure and physiology of body systems, causing permanent changes in
later stages. BPA influences the developmental programming of non-communicable diseases
in the offspring. In the present review, we discuss the developmental programming
of cardiovascular diseases related to perinatal exposure to BPA, supported by epidemiological
and experimental evidence from published literature. The majority of the reported
studies found a positive association between perinatal BPA exposure and adverse cardiovascular
repercussions in the fetal, neonatal, and adulthood stages. The possible underlying
mechanisms include epigenetic modifications of genes involved in cardiac muscle development,
autonomic tone, collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix, cardiac
remodeling and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Epigenetics
can modify the outcome of any disease. Hence, in the present review, we also discuss
the role of epigenetics in preventing cardiovascular diseases following perinatal exposure
to BPA. We also highlight how future treatment and drug delivery related to cardiovascular
involvement could be based on epigenetic markers.
Carboxylation of Alkenes and Alkynes Using CO2 as a Reagent: An Overview
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: December 2021

:
CO2 fixation reactions are of paramount interest both from economical and environmental perspectives. As an abundant, non-toxic, and renewable C1 feedstock, CO2 can be
utilized for the synthesis of fuels and commodity chemicals under elevated reaction conditions. The major challenge in the CO2 utilization reactions is its chemical inertness due to
high thermodynamic stability and kinetic barrier. The carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with CO2 is an important transformation as it forms high-value reaction products having
industrial as well as medicinal importance. This mini-review is mainly focused on the recent
developments in the homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed carboxylation of alkenes
and alkynes by using carbon dioxide as a reagent. We have highlighted various types of carboxylation reactions of alkenes and alkynes involving different catalytic systems, which
comprise mainly C-H bond activation, hydrocarboxylation, carbocarboxylation, heterocarboxylation, and ring-closing
carboxylation, including visible-light assisted synthesis processes. The mechanistic pathways of these carboxylation
reactions have been described. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives of these carboxylation reactions are discussed.
Effect of Vaginal Delivery on Lactose Content of Human Milk
Authors: Zeynali Leila , Nourizadeh Roghaiyeh , Khalili Azizeh Farshbaf , Hosseini Mohammadbagher , Khalili Assef , Hakimi Sevil 
Published: December 2021

Objective:The macronutrients of human milk are considered essential nutritional sources in the first few months of a newborn’s life. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of delivery mode on the macronutrients of human milk.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 102 women who gave birth by cesarean section or vaginal delivery between September 2019 and November 2019. The participants were requested to provide their milk samples on day 15±1 after childbirth.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups (cesarean and vaginal delivery) regarding the sociodemographic characteristics and intake of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and energy. The lactose level was significantly higher in women who gave birth by vaginal delivery (adjusted mean difference, 1.2 (95 % CI 0.02- 1.82)). For other macronutrients, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Conclusion:The vaginal delivery might influence the mature milk lactose level.
Dual Synthesis of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Edible Green Amaranthus Viridis and their In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Kotakadi Venkata Subbaiah , Kolapalli Bhulakshmi , Gaddam Susmila Aparna , Ramana Sai Gopal  Divi Venkata 
Published: December 2021

Background:
There is an increasing commercial demand for nanoparticles due to their
wide applicability in various areas, such as chemistry, catalysis, energy and medicine. Metallic
nanoparticles are traditionally synthesized by wet chemical techniques where the chemicals used
are quite often toxic and flammable.

Objective:
In the present study, we have described a simple, cost-effective and environmentally-
friendly technique for green synthesis of silver and iron nanoparticles by using the aqueous extract
of leafy vegetable Amaranthus viridis as a reducing agent.

Methods:
The silver and iron nanoparticles (Av-AgNPs, Av-IONPs) were characterized by different
spectral methods. The surface plasmon resonance spectrums of Av-AgNPs, Av-IONPs were recorded
at 422nm and 261nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the
Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs are roughly spherical in shape. Energy dispersive absorption spectroscopy
(EDAX) of biosynthesized Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs indicates the reduction of silver ions to
elemental silver and iron ions to elemental iron.

Results:
The particle size analysis of Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs was carried out by the dynamic
light scattering (DLS) method; the results reveal both Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs to be polydispersed
in nature. The average particle size of Av-AgNPs is 55.8 nm with a polydispersed index
(PI) of 0.297; similarly, the average particle size of Av-IONPs is 80.6 nm with a polydispersed index
(PI) of 0.469. Zeta-potential of Av-AgNPs was detected at -24.6 mV and Av-IONPs were detected
at 28.8 mV; the result reveals that their high stability may be due their high negative charge
and positive charge, respectively. The dual synthesized Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs exhibited excellent
antioxidant activity by DPPH, H2O2 and NO methods. DPPH was proven to be the best when
compared with the other two methods. The biosynthesized Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs proved to
have very good antimicrobial activity against gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria.

Conclusion:
Compared with the standard antibiotic, there are several reports on the green synthesis
of metal nanoparticles using various plant parts, but here, edible leafy vegetable Amaranthus viridis
was used for biosynthesis of both Av-AgNPs and Av-IONPs.
Chemoresistance Mechanisms in Colon Cancer: Focus on Conventional Chemotherapy
Authors: Mladenić Klara , Sedić Mirela 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread tumour type amongst men and
women. Despite the available screening tests, advanced stage CRC is the most frequent diagnosis.
It is treated with cytotoxic chemotherapeutics 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (Ox) and irinotecan
(CPT-11) that eventually lose their effectiveness as chemoresistance develops.

Methods:
In this review, the compilation and analysis of PUBMED-retrieved literature data was
comprehensively presented and some novel and/or previously poorly described molecular features
of CRC unresponsiveness to conventional chemotherapy drugs identified using bioinformatics approach.
Complex interactions between previously reported biomarkers of resistance to 5-FU, Ox
and CPT-11 were analysed by STRING and cytoHubba accompanied by KEGG pathway enrichment
analysis using DAVID functional annotation tool.

Results:
The bioinformatics analysis has revealed that 5-FU affects ribosome biogenesis and functioning
(translational activity), leading to colon cancer cells resistance to 5-FU. Unresponsiveness
of CRC to Ox was associated with Rap1 signalling pathway, which opens the possibility of using
RAP1A inhibitors as an adjuvant to oxaliplatin in CRC. Furthermore, stem cell markers c-Myc and
CD44 as well as Akt kinase emerged as novel resistance biomarkers whose pharmacological targeting
could elevate the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan. Lastly, several pathways common to the resistance
to all three drugs were revealed, including miRNAs in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, cellular
senescence and the sphingolipid signalling pathway.

Conclusion:
This paper gives a comprehensive overview of resistance mechanisms to 5-FU, Ox
and irinotecan in colon cancer and reveals several novel molecular players and associated mechanisms
that could account for the development of chemoresistance and whose targeting might enable
the design of novel combination strategies to overcome resistance to conventional treatment in
CRC.
Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Technique for Monitoring Levothyroxine (T4)
in Human Serum Against Endogenous Thyroxin Level
Authors: Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Pareek Diwakar , Mishra Sanjeev , Gurule Sanjay Jagannath , Khuroo Arshad , Goswami Dipanjan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is chemically identical
to Thyroxine (T4), which is secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine is
used to treat deficiency of thyroid hormone and prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. Levothyroxine
is present endogenously in the human body.

Method:
It requires a treated matrix for the preparation of calibration curve standard and quality
control samples. The method was developed using LC-MS/MS and validated in human charcoal
stripped serum. Charcoal stripped matrix was used for the preparation of Calibration curve standards
and Quality control samples. The method involves Solid-Phase Extraction technique.
Levothyroxine D3 is used as an internal standard (ISTD).

Result:
Chromatographic separation was achieved using reversed phase analytical column Gemini
NX-C18 110Å, 3μm (50x3.6) mm. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water in a ratio of
70:30 with 150μL of formic acid in 1000 mL of the mobile phase. Mobile phase achieved shorter
run-time of 0.9 minute due to the use of Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).
Positive electro-spray ionization technique detected MRM ion pair transitions 777.60→731.65 for
Levothyroxine and 780.70→734.6 for Levothyroxine- D3 (ISTD) were used. AB SCIEX Triple
Quad™ API-4000 LC-MS/MS system and the bioanalytical method with 10ng/mL as the limit of
quantification have been applied successfully to pharmacokinetics studies.

Conclusion:
Chromatographic separation was achieved using reversed phase analytical column
Gemini NX-C18 110Å, 3μm (50x3.6) mm. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water in a ratio
of 70:30 with 150μL of formic acid in 1000 mL of the mobile phase. Mobile phase achieved
shorter run-time of 0.9 minutes due to the use of Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
(UHPLC). AB SCIEX Triple Quad™ API-4000 LC-MS/MS system and the bioanalytical method
with 10ng/mL as the limit of quantification have been applied successfully to pharmacokinetics
studies.
Expectations of Health Researchers From Academic Social Network Sites: Qualitative Study
Authors: Dehghani Mohammad , Kahouei Mehdi , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Mesgarpour Bita , Ferdousi Reza 
Published: December 2021

Background
Today, academic social network sites' role in improving the quality of education and how investigators conduct their research has become more critical.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate Iranian health researchers' requirements for academic social network sites from a low-income country perspective.

Methods
This qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was done in 2020. In this study, 23 researchers in the health system were selected by purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by MaxQDA-10 software and the content analysis method.

Results
We identified 2 categories of functional and technical characteristics in the study participants' expectations. Functional characteristics included facilitating communication and team activities, managing scientific publications, enhancing the process of conducting research, being informative, and sharing and trading laboratory materials and equipment. Technical characteristics of an academic social network include user management capabilities, high security and privacy, being user-friendly, and other technical features.

Conclusions
Health researchers emphasized 2 functional and technical characteristics required to meet academic social network sites' expectations.
Understanding the #longCOVID and #longhaulers Conversation on Twitter: Multimethod Study
Authors: Santarossa Sara , Rapp Ashley , Sardinas Saily , Hussein Janine , Ramirez Alex , Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E , Cheng Philip , Yu Eunice 
Published: December 2021

Background
The scientific community is just beginning to uncover the potential long-term effects of COVID-19, and one way to start gathering information is by examining the present discourse on the topic. The conversation about long COVID-19 on Twitter provides insight into related public perception and personal experiences.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the #longCOVID and #longhaulers conversations on Twitter by examining the combined effects of topic discussion and social network analysis for discovery on long COVID-19.

Methods
A multipronged approach was used to analyze data (N=2500 records from Twitter) about long COVID-19 and from people experiencing long COVID-19. A text analysis was performed by both human coders and Netlytic, a cloud-based text and social networks analyzer. The social network analysis generated Name and Chain networks that showed connections and interactions between Twitter users.

Results
Among the 2010 tweets about long COVID-19 and 490 tweets by COVID-19 long haulers, 30,923 and 7817 unique words were found, respectively. For both conversation types, “#longcovid” and “covid” were the most frequently mentioned words; however, through visually inspecting the data, words relevant to having long COVID-19 (ie, symptoms, fatigue, pain) were more prominent in tweets by COVID-19 long haulers. When discussing long COVID-19, the most prominent frames were “support” (1090/1931, 56.45%) and “research” (435/1931, 22.53%). In COVID-19 long haulers conversations, “symptoms” (297/483, 61.5%) and “building a community” (152/483, 31.5%) were the most prominent frames. The social network analysis revealed that for both tweets about long COVID-19 and tweets by COVID-19 long haulers, networks are highly decentralized, fragmented, and loosely connected.

Conclusions
This study provides a glimpse into the ways long COVID-19 is framed by social network users. Understanding these perspectives may help generate future patient-centered research questions.
Mayel Lyang Embodied: ‘Tradition’ and Contemporary Lepcha Textiles
Authors: Faulkner Sarah , Rama Mohan KR 
Published: December 2021

The Lepchas, an ethnic group indigenous to the Himalayas and the Darjeeling hills, have been weaving textiles from local nettle (Girardinia diversifolia) for millennia. However, their native land, centered around the former Kingdom of Sikkim in modern-day northeastern India, has been the site of centuries of cultural exchange and colonization despite its remoteness, entailing wide-ranging and continuous social, political, and economic changes within the area. Rapid regional industrialization, and the concomitant globalization process and urbanization will potentially further transform Lepcha culture. Despite this, the Lepchas continue to weave textiles they consider traditional. With that in mind, this article will consider the concept of ‘tradition’ and its place in post-industrial Sikkim, using these textiles as a basis for understanding the significance of ‘tradition’ and how ‘tradition’ is used as a tool for carving a place out in the contemporary world. This study analyzes its deployment in contemporary Lepcha textiles so as to illuminate the relationship between tradition, textiles, and contemporary Lepcha identity.
Nonsurgical treatment of a hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with mini-screw–assisted mandibular dentition distalization and flattening of the occlusal plane
Authors: He Yiruo , Wang Yangyang , Wang Xinghai , Wang Jiangyue , Bai Ding , Guo Yongwen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class III malocclusion is challenging for orthodontists, and orthognathic-orthodontic treatment is usually required. This report presents the successful nonsurgical treatment of a 20-year-old man who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, hyperdivergent growth pattern, steep occlusal plane, early loss of three first molars, and an uncommon convex profile with a retruded chin. An orthodontic camouflage treatment plan was chosen based on the etiology and the patient's complaints. Tooth #37 was extracted. Miniscrews were used for uprighting and intruding of the lower molars, distalization of the lower dentition, and flattening of the occlusal plane. After 34 months of active treatment, Class I relationships, proper anterior overjet and overbite, flat occlusal plane, and an esthetic facial profile were achieved. The results demonstrated that the biomechanics involved in the nonsurgical treatment assisted with miniscrews to distalize the mandibular dentition and flatten the occlusal plane while keeping the mandibular plane stable was effective for treating this hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with a convex profile and anterior open bite.
Pengaruh Latihan Metode Bermain terhadap Ketepatan Passing
Authors: Syahputra Muhammad Robby , Yenes Ronni , Irawan Roma , Padli Padli 
Published: December 2021

Masalah penelitian ini adalah masih rendahnya kemampuan atlet dalam melakukan teknik dasar Passing pada atlet sepakbola U-15 SSB Obor kota Solok Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode bermain terhadap ketepatan Passing atlet U-15 SSB Obor Kota Solok. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli s.d Agustus 2020 dilapangan sepakbola Merdeka Kota Solok. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua atlet sepakbola SSB Obor kota Solok sebanyak 70 orang atlet. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Pusposive Sampling, maka jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 orang atlet. Instrument dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes ketepatan Passing dengan short pass test. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis statistik uji t. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: Terdapat pengaruh metode bermain terhadap ketepatan Passing sepakbola atlet U-15 SSB Obor Kota Solok (thitung= 13,37> ttabel = 1,72). Maka di peroleh nilai rata-rata pre test=95,10 dan nilai rata-rata post test=109,35 karena nilai rata-rata post test lebih besar dari rata-rata pre test maka terjadi peningkatan ketepatan Passing sebesar = 14,25 jadi metode bermain berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketepatan passing atlet U15 SSB Obor Kota Solok
METODE STRUKTURAL EQUATION MODELLING DI DINAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP KABUPATEN WAY KANAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: . Aprianis , Mustakim Senen 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini adalah model penelitian Kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisisnya yaitu SEM. Model penelitian Struktural Equation Modelling (SEM) yaitu merupakan alat analisis statistik multivariat yang menghubungkan antara analisis faktor dengan analisis jalur, serta tepat untuk menguji hubungan yang rumit antar variabel. Responden penelitian adalah seluruh pegawai PNS dan Non PNS Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Way Kanan yang berjumlah 35 orang pegawai. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner, yang didesain dengan Skala Linkert. Alat analisis SEM dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis smartPLS dengan dua model yaitu outer model dan inner model. Dari hasil pengolahana data telah berhasil ditemukan jawaban hipotesis yakni sebagai berikut; terdapat pengaruh Budaya Kerja (X1) terhadap kinerja dengan nilai t hitung X1= 3,623 dan p value X1= 0,000, nilai p value X1 kurang dari α (0,05) yang berarti Budaya kerja berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y). Kompetensi (X3) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja dengan nilai X3= 2,243 dan p value X3= 0,025, nilai p value X3 kurang dari α (0,05) yang berarti Kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Y).