bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic proton back-precipitation onto the solar atmosphere in relation to long-duration gamma-ray flares
Authors: Hutchinson A. , Dalla S. , Laitinen T. , de Nolfo G. A. , Bruno A. , Ryan J. M. , Waterfall C. O. G. 
Published: November 2021

Context.Gamma-ray emission during long-duration gamma-ray flare (LDGRF) events is thought to be caused mainly by > 300 MeV protons interacting with the ambient plasma at or near the photosphere. Prolonged periods of the gamma-ray emission have prompted the suggestion that the source of the energetic protons is acceleration at a coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock, followed by particle back-precipitation onto the solar atmosphere over extended times.Aims.We study the latter hypothesis using test particle simulations, which allow us to investigate whether scattering associated with turbulence aids particles in overcoming the effect of magnetic mirroring, which impedes back-precipitation by reflecting particles as they travel sunwards.Methods.The instantaneous precipitation fraction,P, the proportion of protons that successfully precipitate for injection at a fixed height,ri, is studied as a function of scattering mean free path,λandri. Upper limits to the total precipitation fraction,P̅, were calculated for eight LDGRF events for moderate scattering conditions (λ= 0.1 AU).Results.We find that the presence of scattering helps back-precipitation compared to the scatter-free case, although at very lowλvalues outward convection with the solar wind ultimately dominates. For eight LDGRF events, due to strong mirroring,P̅is very small, between 0.56 and 0.93% even in the presence of scattering.Conclusions.Time-extended acceleration and large total precipitation fractions, as seen in the observations, cannot be reconciled for a moving shock source according to our simulations. Therefore, it is not possible to obtain both long durationγray emission and efficient precipitation within this scenario. These results challenge the CME shock source scenario as the main mechanism forγray production in LDGRFs.
Extent Of Measurement And Disclosure Of Environmental Information In Financial Reports Under (IFRS & IAS) For Yemeni
Authors: Dhaif Allah ali abdo , Bourekkadi Salmane , Babounia Aziz , Elhakmi Saliha 
Published: November 2021

The study aims to determine the requirements for the disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements in light of international accounting standards and to study and determine the degree and nature of disclosure of environmental information in the financial statements of the sample companies, and the importance of environmental information in making decisions about setting plans and objectives and drawing policies that aim to protect and sustain the environment as It represents the comprehensive container of the elements of natural wealth, based on the information announced in the annual reports of the sample companies, which include an industrial and forestry company, and it was selected from the most environmentally sensitive sectors and the most impacting on the environment.
Using the content analysis method, which will be the main measurement tool for the research, where the disclosure scale will be prepared using this method and in a similar way to the scale (1982, Wiseman), which includes 18 axes of environmental disclosure within 6 main axes covering all aspects of the environmental performance of the company. The results of the study showed that disclosure in the sample companies is restricted by what is imposed by the standard accounting system with regard to the disclosure of fuel or production waste, as the environmental accounting applications in industrial and strategic companies in Yemen did not take sufficient attention, and this comes as a result of the lack of awareness of industrial companies and their weak contribution to the responsibilities that should be borne in the field of environmental protection and society.
This study represents the theoretical framework for understanding the nature of environmental accounting and reporting by providing a detailed review of environmental accounting, in addition to understanding the nature of environmental disclosures for industrial and extractive companies in Yemen and the extent of their application to international accounting standards. The research recommends the necessity of obligating industrial and extractive companies to environmental disclosure due to its low levels in the annual reports they issue, which reflect a state of lack of interest and awareness by the majority of Yemeni companies of their environmental role and responsibilities towards society.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, …
Authors: Peuker Elmar T. 
Published: November 2021

Tempus fugit.Nunmehr halten Sie die 5. Ausgabe der AkupunkturPraxis in Händen. Ein ganzes Jahr sind wir jetzt schon auf dem Markt; sicher zu früh, um ein Resümee zu ziehen, aber lange genug, um eine kurze Rückmeldung aus unserer (ganz subjektiven) Herausgebersicht zu geben.
Long-Term Risk of Major Bleeding after Discontinuing Anticoagulation for Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Faizan , Rahman Alvi , Tritschler Tobias , Carrier Marc , Kearon Clive , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Schulman Sam , Couturaud Francis , Becattini Cecilia , Agnelli Giancarlo , Brighton Timothy A. , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Pinede Laurent , Parpia Sameer , Geersing Geert-Jan , Takada Toshihiko , Bradbury Charlotte A. , Andreozzi Giuseppe M. , Palareti Gualtiero , Prandoni Paolo , Buller Harry R. , Mallick Ranjeeta , Hutton Brian , Thavorn Kednapa , Le Gal Gregoire , Rodger Marc A. , Fergusson Dean A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background The long-term risk of major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulant therapy for a first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) is uncertain.
Objectives To determine the incidence of major bleeding up to 5 years after discontinuing anticoagulation for a first unprovoked VTE.
Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (from inception to January 2021) to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies reporting major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with a first unprovoked or weakly provoked VTE who had completed (IMAGE_)3 months of initial treatment. Unpublished data on major bleeding events and person-years were obtained from authors of included studies to calculate study-level incidence rates. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool results across studies.
Results Of 1,123 records identified by the search, 20 studies (17 RCTs) and 8,740 patients were included in the analysis. During 13,011 person-years of follow-up after discontinuing anticoagulation, the pooled incidence of major bleeding (n = 41) and fatal bleeding (n = 7) per 100 person-years was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.54) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.15). The 5-year cumulative incidence of major bleeding was of 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4–2.4%). The case-fatality rate of major bleeding after discontinuing anticoagulation was 19.9% (95% CI: 10.6–31.1%).
Conclusion The risk of major bleeding once anticoagulants are discontinued in patients with a first unprovoked VTE is not zero. Estimates from this study can help clinicians counsel patients about the incremental risk of major bleeding with extended anticoagulation to guide decision making about treatment duration for unprovoked VTE.
s-Tetrazine: Robust and Green Photoorganocatalyst for Aerobic Oxidation of N,N-Disubstituted Hydroxylamines to Nitrones
Authors: Masson Géraldine , Lyu Jiyuan , Le Tuan , Claraz Aurélie , Allain Clémence , Audebert Pierre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEfficient photocatalytic aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation reactions of N,N-disubstituted hydroxylamines to nitrones were developed with an in situ generated photocatalyst based on commercially available 3,6-dichlorotetrazine. This process affords a wide range of nitrones in high yields under mild conditions. In addition, an oxidative (3+3) cycloaddition between an oxyallyl cation precursor and a hydroxylamine was also developed.
Measurement of Anticoagulation in Patients on Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban Therapy by Novel Automated Thrombelastography
Authors: Artang Ramin , Dias Joao D. , Walsh Mark , Bliden Kevin , Nielsen Jorn D. , Anderson Maren , Thurston Brian C. , Tantry Udaya S. , Hartmann Jan , Gurbel Paul A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require monitoring. Measurement of DOAC effect would be useful in the event of bleeding, trauma, and thromboembolism while on anticoagulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the investigational DOAC assays on the TEG®6s Hemostasis Analyzer to assess the anticoagulant effect of DOACs in patients treated for atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Methods Patients on treatment for a minimum of 7 days with standard doses of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were included. DOAC plasma concentrations and TEG®6s Reaction (R)-time were measured and correlated. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value (NPV) of R-time to detect DOAC concentrations of ≥30, ≥50, and ≥100 ng/mL were calculated.
Results A total of 189 patients were included, (n = 50) on apixaban, (n = 62) on rivaroxaban, (n = 53) on dabigatran, and (n = 24) on no DOAC were studied. Using the direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) channel, R-time demonstrated strong linear correlation with dabigatran levels (r = 0.93, p < 0.0001). Using the antifactor Xa (AFXa) channel, R-time demonstrated strong nonlinear correlation with rivaroxaban and apixaban levels (r
s = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both). R-time revealed strong sensitivity and NPV in detecting low DOAC levels for the predefined concentrations.
Conclusion R-time measured by TEG®6s DOAC-specific cartridge has a strong correlation with concentrations of the most commonly used DOACs with high sensitivity and NPV for detecting lower drug levels that are considered clinically relevant for patients in need of antidote, or prior to urgent surgery. Further studies to determine the relation of R-time to clinical outcomes are warranted.
The Efficacy of Whole Genome Sequencing and RNA-Seq in the Diagnosis of Whole Exome Sequencing Negative Patients with Complex Neurological Phenotypes
Authors: Blake Bianca , Brady Lauren I. , Rouse Nicholas A. , Nagy Peter , Tarnopolsky Mark A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) is being increasingly utilized for the diagnosis of neurological disease by sequencing both the exome and the remaining 98 to 99% of the genetic code. In addition to more complete coverage, WGS can detect structural variants (SVs) and intronic variants (SNVs) that cannot be identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) or chromosome microarray (CMA). Other multi-omics tools, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), can be used in conjunction with WGS to functionally validate certain variants by detecting changes in gene expression and splicing. The objective of this retrospective study was to measure the diagnostic yield of duo/trio-based WGS and RNA-Seq in a cohort of 22 patients (20 families) with pediatric onset neurological phenotypes and negative or inconclusive WES results in lieu of reanalysis. WGS with RNA-Seq resulted in a definite diagnosis of an additional 25% of cases. Sixty percent of these solved cases arose from the identification of variants that were missed by WES. Variants that could not be unequivocally proven to be causative of the patients' condition were identified in an additional 5% of cases.
Matthew-Wood Syndrome in Monochorionic, Diamnionic Twins
Authors: Geiculescu Irina , Saxonhouse Matthew A. , Demmer Laurie , Sutsko Ronald , Cosper Graham , Jones James E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMatthew-Wood syndrome represents a rare genetic disorder characterized by diaphragmatic defects, pulmonary hypoplasia, micro- or anophthalmia, and cardiac defects. Most cases are lethal with very few infants living beyond a few years of life. Siblings with this diagnosis have been reported but never twins. In this article, we provided a review and discussion of this syndrome following its presentation in monochorionic, diamnionic twin females.
Photoluminescence study of solution-deposited Cu2BaSnS4 thin films
Authors: Levcenko S. , Teymur B. , Mitzi D. B. , Unold T. 
Published: November 2021

To experimentally identify the character of radiative transitions in trigonal Cu2BaSnS4, we conduct temperature and excitation intensity dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements in the temperature range of 15–300 K. The low-temperature near band edge PL spectrum is interpreted as the free exciton at 2.11 eV and the bound exciton at 2.08 eV, coupled with associated phonon-assisted transitions. In the low energy region, we assign the dominant defect emission at 1.96 eV to donor–acceptor-pair recombination and the weak broad emission at 1.6 eV to the free-to-bound transition. The activation energies and temperature shift for the radiative transitions are determined and discussed. Above 90 K, the free exciton recombination becomes the dominant radiative transition, with its energy shift mainly governed by the contribution of optical phonons.
Stability and electronic properties of two-dimensional metal–organic perovskites in Janus phase
Authors: Na Guangren , Li Yawen , Xing Bangyu , Zhang Yilin , He Xin , Saidi Wissam A. , Zhang Lijun 
Published: November 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal–organic perovskites have been widely studied due to their good stability and unique optoelectronic properties. By incorporating different ligands on opposite sides of the inorganic octahedron plane, we construct a novel 2D Janus perovskite (2D-JP) exhibiting structural out-of-plane symmetry-breaking. Our first-principles calculations show that the proposed 2D-JPs have thermodynamic stability comparable to that of the corresponding non-Janus perovskites. By modifying the passivating ligands or the thickness of the perovskite phase, we show that the band gaps and the carriers’ effective masses of the 2D-JPs can be modulated up to 0.29 eV and 0.27me, respectively, compared to the non-Janus materials. Furthermore, the structural out-of-plane asymmetry of 2D-JPs leads to the asymmetrical distribution of electrostatic potential and band edge charge density, which facilitates the separation of electrons and holes. Furthermore, we explored the stability and the electronic structures of Ruddlesden–Popper layered Janus perovskites with two different stacking methods. Our results provide a new approach to regulate the electronic properties by constructing 2D-JPs for practical applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Functional alterations in cortical processing of speech in glioma-infiltrated cortex
Authors: Aabedi Alexander A. , Lipkin Benjamin , Kaur Jasleen , Kakaizada Sofia , Valdivia Claudia , Reihl Sheantel , Young Jacob S. , Lee Anthony T. , Krishna Saritha , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Edward F. , Brang David , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. 
Published: November 2021

Significance
As gliomas proliferate, they infiltrate healthy brain tissue. Often, patients with such tumors in the language areas of the brain develop aphasia. Understanding how gliomas interact with normal neural circuits is critical for developing neuroprostheses that restore speech. Recent evidence demonstrates that glioma cells interact synaptically with neurons and thus can modulate neural circuits. However, it is unclear the extent to which glioma-infiltrated cortex participates in cognitive processing. Using electrocorticography to record both glioma-infiltrated and normal-appearing cortex during speech, we found that glioma-infiltrated cortex is capable of coordinated neural responses but has reduced capacity for information encoding. Instead, glioma-infiltrated cortex recruits a broader network of cortical regions during speech, which may represent a compensatory mechanism with implications for future neuroprostheses.
Strategies in the production of PP relative clauses in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Augusto Marina Rosa Ana , Rodrigues Erica , Grolla Elaine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on the production of Prepositional Phrase Relative Clauses (PP RCs) by Brazilian 4-/5-year-olds, aiming at discussing the types of responses children produce, compared to adults, considering competing alternatives pragmatically available in the language. Difficulty with non-subject RCs has been attributed to the presence of interveners between the RC head and the position of the moved element (Friedmann, Belletti, & Rizzi, 2009). Our experiment contrasted the elicitation of PP RCs in two conditions: with and without interveners. Although results show that children provide more target responses to the condition without interveners, alternative responses are also produced in this condition, suggesting that not only intervention, but also the availability of less complex alternatives in the language shape children’s behavior.
Cost-reducing strategies in the production of Brazilian Portuguese relative clauses
Authors: Sicuro Corrêa Letícia M. , Augusto Marina Rosa Ana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the production of relative clauses (RCs) by Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children/adolescents, focusing on cost-reducing RCs strategies that may circumvent syntactic language impairment. Different types of RCs are elicited from participants at risk of language impairment (LI) and an age-matched control group. The results support the differential demands of these structures. Group differences are restricted to moderate-severe LI participants on standard direct object (DO) RCs. The greater demands of indirect object/prepositional phrase (IO/PP) RCs in relation to DO RCs can be nevertheless noticed in the use of resumptive pronouns predominantly in IO/PP RCs. More truncated/inappropriate responses appear in the LI group. Although cost-reducing strategies can largely circumvent LI effects, the overall quality of responses can distinguish LI children.
Differing design decisions – comparing Swedish FrameNet to
FrameNet*
Authors: Friberg Heppin Karin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Creation of framenets for languages other than
English based on Berkeley FrameNet has tested the hypothesis that
semantic frames, to a certain extent, are language independent. This
working hypothesis facilitated reuse of frames for new framenets,
defining language specific frame evoking lemmas and annotating
language specific sentences. The caveat is the bias towards creating
what is possible, rather than typical, in a language. The reuse of
frames allowed developing SweFN in a relatively short period of
time. However, the goal to build a typical, not a possible
Swedish framenet, necessitated some frame modifications.
This chapter provides a comparison between the
English and Swedish framenets regarding semantic annotation and
representation, and socio-cultural factors, including how
differences forced modification of the original structure.
Regularization of the factorization method applied to diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Harris Isaac 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a new regularized version of the factorization method for positive operators mapping a complex Hilbert space into it is dual space. The factorization method uses Picard’s criteria to define an indicator function to image an unknown region. In most applications the data operator is compact which gives that the singular values can tend to zero rapidly which can cause numerical instabilities. The regularization of the factorization method presented here seeks to avoid the numerical instabilities in applying Picard’s criteria. This method allows one to image the interior structure of an object with little a priori information in a computationally simple and analytically rigorous way. Here we will focus on an application of this method to diffuse optical tomography where will prove that this method can be used to recover an unknown subregion from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping. Numerical examples will be presented in two dimensions.
Local saddles of relaxed averaged alternating reflections algorithms on phase retrieval
Authors: Chen Pengwen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Phase retrieval can be expressed as a non-convex constrained optimization problem to identify one phase minimizer one a torus. Many iterative transform techniques have been proposed to identify the minimizer, e.g., relaxed averaged alternating reflections (RAAR) algorithms. In this paper, we present one optimization viewpoint on the RAAR algorithm. RAAR algorithm is one alternating direction method of multipliers with one penalty parameter. Pairing with multipliers (dual vectors), phase vectors on the primal space are lifted to higher dimensional vectors, RAAR algorithm is one continuation algorithm, which searches for local saddles in the primal-dual space. The dual iteration approximates one gradient ascent flow, which drives the corresponding local minimizers in a positive-definite Hessian region. Altering penalty parameters, the RAAR avoids the stagnation of these corresponding local minimizers in the primal space and thus screens out many stationary points corresponding to non-local minimizers.
Development of an instantaneous velocity-vector-profile method using conventional ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Yoon Dongik , Park Hyun Jin , Ihara Tomonori 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A velocity vector profile technique based on an ultrasound pulsed Doppler method can enrich the information on the flow field. However, it has shown low availability because a new design of special transducers is required for each measurement case. This study proposes a new method of profiling the velocity vectors using conventional ultrasound transducers that are widely supplied to ultrasound velocity profile users. We constructed a configuration of transducers to minimize the uncertainty of the detection points at the receivers, and a measurable distance was theoretically determined by the configuration. Two feasibility tests were carried out. One was a test for the assessment of the measurable distance, which agreed well with the theoretical distance. The other was the evaluation of the measurement of 2D velocity vectors by the new method, and it was performed in a towing tank facility without the velocity fluctuation. From the evaluation, it was confirmed that the measured vectors showed good agreement with the reference values, and their accuracy and precision were competitive compared to previous studies. In order to demonstrate this, the developed method was applied to two unsteady flows. The results clarified that the proposed method guarantees high availability and accuracy for the velocity vector profiles.