bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive microbial diversity within the chicken gut microbiome revealed by metagenomics and culture
Authors: Gilroy Rachel , Ravi Anuradha , Getino Maria , Pursley Isabella , Horton Daniel L. , Alikhan Nabil-Fareed , Baker Dave , Gharbi Karim , Hall Neil , Watson Mick , Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Foster-Nyarko Ebenezer , Jarju Sheikh , Secka Arss , Antonio Martin , Oren Aharon , Chaudhuri Roy R. , La Ragione Roberto , Hildebrand Falk , Pallen Mark J. 
Published: April 2021

Background
The chicken is the most abundant food animal in the world. However, despite its importance, the chicken gut microbiome remains largely undefined. Here, we exploit culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches to reveal extensive taxonomic diversity within this complex microbial community.

Results
We performed metagenomic sequencing of fifty chicken faecal samples from two breeds and analysed these, alongside all (n = 582) relevant publicly available chicken metagenomes, to cluster over 20 million non-redundant genes and to construct over 5,500 metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes. In addition, we recovered nearly 600 bacteriophage genomes. This represents the most comprehensive view of taxonomic diversity within the chicken gut microbiome to date, encompassing hundreds of novel candidate bacterial genera and species. To provide a stable, clear and memorable nomenclature for novel species, we devised a scalable combinatorial system for the creation of hundreds of well-formed Latin binomials. We cultured and genome-sequenced bacterial isolates from chicken faeces, documenting over forty novel species, together with three species from the genus Escherichia, including the newly named species Escherichia whittamii.

Conclusions
Our metagenomic and culture-based analyses provide new insights into the bacterial, archaeal and bacteriophage components of the chicken gut microbiome. The resulting datasets expand the known diversity of the chicken gut microbiome and provide a key resource for future high-resolution taxonomic and functional studies on the chicken gut microbiome.
The relationship between the female athlete triad and injury rates in collegiate female athletes
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Inaba Hiromi , Hoshino Fumi , Natsui Saya , Maruyama Sae , Omori Go 
Published: April 2021

Background
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the triad risk assessment score and the sports injury rate in 116 female college athletes (average age, 19.8 ± 1.3 years) in seven sports at the national level of competition; 67 were teenagers, and 49 were in their 20s.

Methods
Those with menstrual deficiency for >3 months or <6 menses in 12 months were classified as amenorrheic athletes. Low energy availability was defined as adolescent athletes having a body weight <85% of ideal body weight, and for adult athletes in their 20s, a body mass index ≤17.5 kg/m2. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured on the heel of the right leg using an ultrasonic bone densitometer. Low BMD was defined as a BMD Z-score <−1.0. The total score for each athlete was calculated. The cumulative risk assessment was defined as follows: low risk (a total score of 0–1), moderate risk (2–5), and high risk (6). The injury survey recorded injuries referring to the injury survey items used by the International Olympic Committee.

Results
In swimming, significantly more athletes were in the low-risk category than in the moderate and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In long-distance athletics, significantly more athletes were in the moderate-risk category than in the low and high-risk categories (p = 0.004). In the moderate and high-risk categories, significantly more athletes were in the injury group, whereas significantly more athletes in the low-risk category were in the non-injury group (p = 0.01). Significantly more athletes at moderate and high-risk categories had bone stress fractures and bursitis than athletes at low risk (p = 0.023).

Discussion
These results suggest that athletes with relative energy deficiency may have an increased injury risk.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study in Lambayeque, Peru. June–July 2020
Authors: Díaz-Vélez Cristian , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E. , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Colchado Juan , Carrera-Acosta Lourdes , Becerra Mileny , Moreno Paico Dafne , Ocampo-Salazar Elgin Thom 
Published: April 2021

Background
Estimating the cumulative prevalence of SARS-COV-2 will help to understand the epidemic, contagion, and immunity to COVID-19 in vulnerable populations. The objective is to determine the extent of infection in the general population and the cumulative incidence by age group.

Methods
It was carried out with a longitudinal analytical study, in the population of the Lambayeque region, located in the north of Peru. The selection was carried out in multistages (districts, area, household, and finally choosing the interviewee within the house). Seroprevalence was estimated as a positive result of the rapid test whether it was positive IgM or positive IgG. An adjustment was made for the sampling weights used.

Results
The seroprevalence found in the region was 29.5%. Young people between 21 and 50 years old presented the highest seroprevalence frequencies. A total of 25.4% were asymptomatic. The most frequent complaint was dysgeusia and dysosmia (85.3% and 83.6%). Dysosmia (PR = 1.69), chest pain (PR = 1.49), back pain (PR = 1.45), cough (PR = 1.44), fever (PR = 1.41), general malaise (PR = 1.27) were associated factors with the higher the frequency of seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2. Reporting of complete isolation at home decreased the frequency of positivity (PR = 0.80), however, reporting having ARI contact (PR = 1.60), having contact with a confirmed case (PR = 1.51), and going to market (PR = 1.26) increased the frequency of positivity for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion
These results suggest that Lambayeque is the region with the highest seroprevalence in the world, well above Spain, the United States and similar to a study in India.
TENDÊNCIAS DE PESQUISA SOBRE RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA / RESEARCH TRENDS ON PROBLEM SOLVING IN CHEMISTRY TEACHER TRAINING
Authors: De Freitas Amanda Pereira , Campos Angela Fernandes 
Published: April 2021

Esta investigação apresenta uma análise das tendências de pesquisas sobre resolução de problemas RP no âmbito da formação de professores de Química objetivando identificar e analisar as propostas de estudos que vêm sendo desenvolvidas nesta área e os aspectos teóricos e metodológicos utilizados nestes estudos. A natureza desta investigação foi qualitativa do tipo bibliográfica. Encontrou-se vinte e quatro pesquisas, as quais foram analisadas conforme alguns elementos da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado, identificou-se uma escassez de pesquisas sobre RP na área de formação de professores no ensino de Química. Também, as pesquisas mostram a RP sendo utilizada como estratégia didática no contexto escolar; não há evidências da RP como projeto curricular.
The Pattern of Psychoactive Substance Use among Undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okechukwu C. , Abolo S. A. , Ogo R. N. , Okorie O. U. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study set out to determine the extent of use, abuse and dependence of commonly abused psychoactive substances and their correlates among undergraduates in the University of Port Harcourt.
Methodology: In a cross-sectional survey, using multi-stage sampling, undergraduates in the Social sciences faculty of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria were selected. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO student drug survey proforma was used as an instrument for data collection. The results were analysed using EPI-info 2000 statistical package.
Results: There were 352 respondents with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3.5 years. There were 203 (57.7%) males and 149 (42.3%) females. A majority of respondents (90.6%) use at least one psychoactive substance while 22.2% of them abuse substances. The male sex predominated among the substance abusers with a M: F ratio of 2:1. The prevalence of current use for psychoactive substances ranged from 1.3% to 74.9%. Alcohol (74.9%), was the most commonly used psychoactive substances while heroin (1.3%), was the least used. Abuse rates were higher in cocaine, tobacco and cannabis (66.7%, 63.6% and 55.3% respectively) while dependency rates were higher in heroin, cannabis and cocaine (100.0%, 76.2% and 50.0% respectively). The top three reasons given for starting to use psychoactive substances were experimentation (23.1%), group conformity (23.1%) and curiosity (20.5%) while the reasons given for continuing to use/abuse these substances were to feel good (37.2%), relieve stress (20.0%) and avoid withdrawal symptoms (11.5%). The majority (70.5%) of psychoactive substance users started to use substances before enrolment into the university while more than half of the substance users (56.4%) admitted that being in the university did not increase their use of psychoactive substances. Adverse effects on productivity were noted in 60.3% of substance users.
Conclusion: The tendency to abuse substances may begin earlier in childhood and adolescent ages, with the male sex, more vulnerable. More efforts at public enlightenment on the detrimental effects of psychoactive substances should be strategically targeted to include the family unit, primary and secondary school children.
Serum Vitamine D3 Level in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Enab Riham M. , El Sokary Amal A. , Mourad Heba A. , Mahfouz Amal E. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabolized in liver and kidney in humans. It is well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate vitamin D3 level in pregnant women who were suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus and comparing it with the control groups.
Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted on 100 pregnant women who were attending the inpatient and outpatient clinics of Obstetrics department, Tanta University Hospital, who were divided into two equal groups.Group A (control group): Fifty apparently healthy pregnant women at 24th-28th weeks of gestation. Group B (study group): Fifty pregnant women had gestational diabetes.
Results: There is significant increase between the two studied groups according to HbA1c, also there is decrease between the two groups as regards VIT D. Mean HbA1c % was statistically significant higher in the study group versus control group. There was statistical significant difference noted between mean serum level of vitamin D among the two studied groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between serum 25 OH vitamin D and HbA1c among our cases (r=- 0.745) (p ≤ 0.001). Mean serum vitamin D was significantly lower in cases with complications than those with normal outcome.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may have a positive relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus.
iPSC screening for drug repurposing identifies anti‐RNA virus agents modulating host cell susceptibility
Authors: Imamura Keiko , Sakurai Yasuteru , Enami Takako , Shibukawa Ran , Nishi Yohei , Ohta Akira , Shu Tsugumine , Kawaguchi Jitsutaro , Okada Sayaka , Hoenen Thomas , Yasuda Jiro , Inoue Haruhisa 
Published: April 2021

Human pathogenic RNA viruses are threats to public health because they are prone to escaping the human immune system through mutations of genomic RNA, thereby causing local outbreaks and global pandemics of emerging or re‐emerging viral diseases. While specific therapeutics and vaccines are being developed, a broad‐spectrum therapeutic agent for RNA viruses would be beneficial for targeting newly emerging and mutated RNA viruses. In this study, we conducted a screen of repurposed drugs using Sendai virus (an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae), with human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to explore existing drugs that may present anti‐RNA viral activity. Selected hit compounds were evaluated for their efficacy against two important human pathogens: Ebola virus (EBOV) using Huh7 cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) using Vero E6 cells. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including raloxifene, exhibited antiviral activities against EBOV and SARS‐CoV‐2. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, also exhibited antiviral activities against SARS‐CoV‐2, and both raloxifene and pioglitazone presented a synergistic antiviral effect. Finally, we demonstrated that SERMs blocked entry steps of SARS‐CoV‐2 into host cells. These findings suggest that the identified FDA‐approved drugs can modulate host cell susceptibility against RNA viruses.
Elucidation of Diffusivity of Hydrogen Isotopes in Flexible MOFs by Quasi‐Elastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Jung Minji , Park Jaewoo , Muhammad Raeesh , Kim Jin Yeong , Grzimek Veronika , Russina Margarita , Moon Hoi Ri , Park Jitae T. , Oh Hyunchul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKinetic‐quantum‐sieving‐assisted H2:D2 separation in flexible porous materials is more effective than the currently used energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation and girdle‐sulfide processes for isotope separation. It is believed that material flexibility results in a pore‐breathing phenomenon under the influence of external stimuli, which helps in adjusting the pore size and gives rise to the optimum quantum‐sieving phenomenon at each stage of gas separation. However, only a few studies have investigated kinetic‐quantum‐sieving‐assisted isotope separation using flexible porous materials. In addition, no reports are available on the microscopic observation of isotopic molecular transportation during the separation process under dynamic transition. Here, the experimental observation of a significantly faster diffusion of deuterium than hydrogen in a flexible pore structure, even at high temperatures, through quasi‐elastic neutron scattering, is reported. Unlike rigid structures, the extracted diffusion dynamics of hydrogen isotopes within flexible frameworks show that the diffusion difference between the isotopes increases with an increase in temperature. Owing to this unique inverse trend, a new strategy is suggested for achieving higher operating temperatures for efficient isotope separation utilizing a flexible metal–organic framework system.
Effects of Natural Mentoring Relationships on College Students’ Mental Health: The Role of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Le Thomas P. , Hsu Ti , Raposa Elizabeth B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe transition to college involves a number of novel stressors for young adults and represents a period of heightened risk for the onset or worsening of diverse mental health problems. The presence of natural mentors may be one factor which alleviates risk for mental health problems in college first‐year students. Using a diverse sample of 275 first‐year college students, the present study examined the effects of different types of natural mentors within students’ support networks on internalizing symptoms during the first semester of college. In addition, analyses explored whether different student approaches to emotion regulation were one mechanism by which natural mentors influence internalizing symptoms. Path analyses indicated that students with a greater number of close family member/family friend mentors reported less emotion suppression, which in turn accounted for the associations between these mentoring relationships and reduced depressive symptoms and worry at follow‐up. In contrast, less emotionally close mentors, such as teachers or coworkers, did not significantly shape emotion regulation strategies or internalizing symptom outcomes. Results have implications for the design of more targeted interventions that promote emotional well‐being in college first‐year students.
CBPR Implementation Framework for Community‐Academic Partnerships
Authors: Sánchez Victoria , Sanchez‐Youngman Shannon , Dickson Elizabeth , Burgess Ellen , Haozous Emily , Trickett Edison , Baker Elizabeth , Wallerstein Nina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Engage for Equity (E2) study is an intervention trial for community–academic research partnerships that seeks to improve partnering practices and health equity outcomes by providing community and academic partners with tools to enhance and advance power sharing and health equity. Twenty‐five community/academic research teams completed a two‐day training intervention where they were introduced to the CBPR Conceptual Model and corresponding applied tools to their partnerships. We report on team interviews conducted immediately after the training, where teams discussed opportunities and challenges using the CBPR Model as an implementation framework as they considered their own contexts, their partnering processes/practices, actions, and their desired outcomes. We applied Diffusion of Innovation theory to guide data collection and analysis; augmented by intent to use and collective reflection. Results pointed to the flexibility of the CBPR model, concrete use of tools (e.g., planning/evaluation), and broader use in inspiring collective reflection to improve partnering practices and inform equity values. As an implementation framework, the CBPR model incorporates collaborative processes and strategies to mitigate power differentials into key phases of implementation studies, adding factors central to health equity work, not existing in previous implementation frameworks.
Enantio‐ und regiokonvergente, nickelkatalysierte C(sp3)‐C(sp3)‐Kreuzkupplung von allylischen Elektrophilen gelenkt durch eine Silylgruppe
Authors: Kranidiotis‐Hisatomi Nektarios , Yi Hong , Oestreich Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEs wird über eine zweistufige Sequenz zur enantio‐ und diastereoselektiven Synthese von nur alkylsubstituierten, acyclischen Allylsystemen mit einem Stereozentrum in Allylstellung berichtet. Die asymmetrische Induktion und die Ortsselektivität werden in einer enantio‐ und regiokonvergenten, nickelkatalysierten C(sp3)‐C(sp3)‐Kreuzkupplung von Regioisomerengemischen racemischer α‐/γ‐silylierter Allylhalogenide und primären Alkylzinkreagenzien kontrolliert. Die Silylgruppe lenkt die allylische Substitution hin zur Bildung des Vinylsilanregioisomers, und die dadurch entstandene C(sp2)‐Si‐Bindung dient als Anknüpfungspunkt für die Einführung verschiedener C(sp3)‐Substituenten in einem nachgeschalteten Schritt.
Molecular Surgery at Microporous MOF for Mesopore Generation and Renovation
Authors: Albolkany Mohamed K. , Liu Congyan , Wang Yang , Chen Chun‐Hui , Zhu Chaofeng , Chen Xihai , Liu Bo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHierarchically porous MOFs (HP‐MOFs) present advantageous synergism of micro‐ and mesopore but challenging in synthetic control at molecular scale. Herein, we present the first example of reversible and controllable mesopore generation and renovation in a microporous MOF of HKUST‐1 via synthetic manipulation at molecular scale. An ammonia‐gas etching strategy is proposed to create mesopores in carboxylate‐based microporous MOFs and thus produce HP‐MOFs. Gas‐phase etching ensures uniform mesopore formation inside the MOF crystals via plane‐oriented cutting the carboxylate‐metal bonds off without affecting the crystal size and morphology. The mesopore size is controlled by the etching temperature, while the mesopore volume could be tuned by adjusting etchant pressure. The generated mesopores could be renovated using MOF precursors solutions so that to achieve controllable mesopore generation/closure, and encapsulation of the adsorbed molecules. This work demonstrates a powerful protocol for precisely tailoring and tuning the properties of MOF materials at molecular scale.
Enantio‐ and Regioconvergent Nickel‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling of Allylic Electrophiles Steered by a Silyl Group
Authors: Kranidiotis‐Hisatomi Nektarios , Yi Hong , Oestreich Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA two‐step sequence for the enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of exclusively alkyl‐substituted acyclic allylic systems with a stereocenter in the allylic position is reported. The asymmetric induction and the site selectivity are controlled in an enantio‐ and regioconvergent nickel‐catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of regioisomeric mixtures of racemic α‐/γ‐silylated allylic halides and primary alkylzinc reagents. The silyl group steers the allylic displacement towards the formation of the vinylsilane regioisomer, and the resulting C(sp2)−Si bond serves as a linchpin for the installation of various C(sp3) substituents in a subsequent step.
Extremely Low‐Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Entrain Locust Wingbeats
Authors: Shepherd Sebastian , Jackson Christopher W. , Sharkh Suleiman M. , Aonuma Hitoshi , Oliveira Eugenio E. , Newland Philip L. 
Published: April 2021

Extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) have been shown to impact the behavior and physiology of insects. Recent studies have highlighted the need for more research to determine more specifically how they affect flying insects. Here, we ask how locust flight is affected by acute exposure to 50 Hz EMFs. We analyzed the flights of individual locusts tethered between a pair of copper wire coils generating EMFs of various frequency using high‐speed video recording. The mean wingbeat frequency of tethered locusts was 18.92 ± 0.27 Hz. We found that acute exposure to 50 Hz EMFs significantly increased absolute change in wingbeat frequency in a field strength‐dependent manner, with greater field strengths causing greater changes in wingbeat frequency. The effect of EMFs on wingbeat frequency depended on the initial wingbeat frequency of a locust, with locusts flying at a frequency lower than 20 Hz increasing their wingbeat frequency, while locusts flying with a wingbeat frequency higher than 20 Hz decreasing their wingbeat frequency. During the application of 50 Hz EMF, the wingbeat frequency was entrained to a 2:5 ratio (two wingbeat cycles to five EMF cycles) of the applied EMF. We then applied a range of ELF EMFs that were close to normal wingbeat frequency and found that locusts entrained to the exact frequency of the applied EMF. These results show that exposure to ELF EMFs lead to small but significant changes in wingbeat frequency in locusts. We discuss the biological implications of the coordination of insect flight in response to electromagnetic stimuli. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.