bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blackleg in cattle in the Irkutsk region
Authors: Blokhin Andrei A. , Toropova Nadezhda N. , Burova Olga A. , Zakharova Olga I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Blackleg is an acute, toxic, infectious, non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that occurs while the animals are pastured. This article describes an outbreak of blackleg on a farm in Siberia (Russia). This article provides a detailed description of these cases based on the results of comprehensive diagnostic and epidemiological investigations. The distinctive features (in addition to the characteristic features) were as follows: the outbreak of the disease occurred in early spring when there was abundant snow cover; the disease appeared in both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle; the characteristic clinical signs were low-grade fever, the absence of crepitus, and the presence of haematomas containing erythrocytes with basophilic granularity. The evidence suggests that blackleg can present with a variety of conditions and symptoms in cattle.
Domination for subordinated positive semigroups
Authors: Chen-Yu Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We first give a necessary and sufficient condition for -f(B) to be dominated by -f(A), where f is a completely Bernstein function, B and A are C0-semigroup generators. Then we prove that there is no domination relationship between a semigroup and the subordinated semigroup if additional conditions are satisfied.
Identification of hub-genes, lncRNAs, and skin cancer inducer genes through meta-analysis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa disease transcriptome data.
Authors: Shahbazi Mehrdad , Ziaei Nikta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This research is aimed to explore the molecular response of the skin cells to Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS). Microarray transcriptome data for patients with HS, merged and employed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). A protein-protein interaction network, and consequently, a co-expression network, was constructed for the essential genes. The key genes' clinical relevance was also established by survival analysis, relative expression level, immunohistochemistry, and immune infiltration correlation analysis. Finally, potential herbal ingredients with inhibitory effects on cancer inducer proteins were characterized using the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMD) database. The chemokine signaling pathway was the gene ontology of the most significant cluster found by clusterONE. Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (MIAT) and RNA Polymerase II Subunit J4, Pseudogene (POLR2J4) are the predicted lncRNAs for up-and down-regulated genes. Interleukin 6 (IL6), Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2), C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 7 (CCR7), and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) genes were predicted as hub-genes. Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO2), Serpin Family B Member 4 (SERPINB4), and Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) were demonstrated to be potential cancer inducers due to their high expression level in HS disease. These genes also were positively correlated with dendritic cells, T cell CD4+, monocytes, and neutrophils in the skin cancer microenvironment. Piceatannol, Salicylic acid, and magnolol herbal ingredients were predicted as potential compounds with inhibitory effects on SERPIN B4, MMP3, and TDO2, respectively. The output of the present study will aid in a better understanding of the HS disease and consequent cancer induction mechanism.
Use of the pass-through method to solve sound radiation problems of a spherical electro-elastic source of zero order
Authors: Korzhyk Oleksii , Naida Sergey , Kurdiuk Sergii , Nizhynska Valeriia , Korzhyk Maxim , Naida Anton 
Published: September 2021

In the article was solved the problem of radiation of a sound by the electroacoustic transducer which is executed in the form of a thin spherical cover, using a pass-through method. The outer and inner surfaces of the shell are completely electroded.
The application of this method provides an opportunity to avoid inaccuracies that arise during the traditional formulation of boundary conditions for acoustic mechanical fields, the use of equivalent substitution schemes and the absence of boundary conditions for the electric field in general. Given methodology eliminates these shortcomings by applying conjugation conditions, taking into account the types of electroding of the surfaces of piezoceramic transducers, the introduction of boundary conditions for current and voltage. The results of the solution demonstrate the high capabilities of this pass-through method, in terms of taking into account the peculiarities of determining the characteristics of these fields, values and dependences of the main complex characteristics of the electroelastic transducer, and auxiliary material constants of the piezoelectric material.
The proposed approach is relevant, because it allows to increase the reliability of modeling the operating conditions of acoustic transducers in the context of wave problems of acoustics. Aim is to enhance the range of performances and build algorithms solving problems of stationary mode hydroelectroelasticity sound radiation. The expected results are presented in terms of improving approaches to studying the features of the oscillatory process of the active elements of sound-emitting systems and the accompanying effects of the transformation of interconnected fields involved in the formation of the acoustic signal in the liquid
Study on model for cutting force when milling SCM440 steel
Authors: Thien Nguyen Van , Trung Do Duc 
Published: September 2021

This article presents empirical study results when milling SCM440 steel. The cutting insert to be used was a TiN coated cutting insert with tool tip radius of 0.5 mm. Experimental process was carried out with 18 experiments according to Box-Behnken matrix, in which cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth were selected as the input parameters of each experiment. In addition, cutting force was selected as the output parameter. Analysis of experimental results has determined the influence of the input parameters as well as the interaction between them on the output parameters. From the experimental results, a regression model showing the relationship between cutting force and input parameters was built. Box-Cox and Johnson data transformations were applied to construct two other models of cutting force. These three regression models were used to predict cutting force and compare with experimental results. Using parameters including coefficient of determination (R-Sq), adjusted coefficient of determination (R-Sq(adj)) and percentage mean absolute error (% MAE) between the results predicted by the models and the experimental results are the criteria to compare the accuracy of the cutting force models. The results have determined that the two models using two data transformations have higher accuracy than model not using two data transformations. A comparison of the model using the Box-Cox transformation and the model using the Johnson transformation was made with a t-test. The results confirmed that these two models have equal accuracy. Finally, the development direction for the next study is mentioned in this article
Fully guided placement of orthodontic miniscrews— a technical report
Authors: Kirnbauer Barbara , Rugani Petra , Santigli Elisabeth , Tepesch Philipp , Ali Kamran , Jakse Norbert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Orthodontic miniscrews are used to obtain skeletal anchorage during orthodontic treatment and their application is growing due to the simple method of placement and removal, which invites improved patient compliance without significant impact on function and aesthetics. However, complications and risks are reported that underscore the need for a thorough preoperative assessment to enable accurate placement, especially in confined sites. A novel approach is presented which employs a custom-designed 3D-printed splint to facilitate a fully-guided placement of orthodontic miniscrews.

Materials and methods
The presented splint was virtually planned using coDiagnostiX® software after matching the DICOM data and STL file, to enable fully-guided screw insertion. Insertion depth was defined by a sleeve tube height that provided a depth stop when contact was reached with the head of the hand piece. Additionally, to prevent movement of the insertion instrument, a custom metallic sleeve was designed and 3D-printed by a metallic printer.

Results
Accurate placement was achieved and no complications were experienced during insertion and use.

Conclusions
The insertion approach provides more predictable results and enables accurate placement of orthodontic screws. The procedure avoids associated risks and complications primarily encountered in difficult cases.
Effectiveness of different psychological interventions in reducing fixed orthodontic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Chong , Wu Chenzhou , Jiang Zhaowei , Zhang Linkun , Zhang Xizhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background/Objective
Pain induced by tooth movement is a common experience for orthodontic patients. The effectiveness of psychological intervention, as a new approach to control pain, has not been fully explored. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis is intended to evaluate the analgesic effect of psychological intervention within the week after fixed orthodontic initial arch wire placement.

Methods
A computerised literature search was conducted in the Medline (1966-2019), Embase (1984-2019), Cochrane Library (Issue 1 of 2019), CBMdisk (1978-2019) and CNKI (1994-2019) databases to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs), which used psychological interventions to relieve pain during fixed orthodontic treatment. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant articles. The data were extracted independently by two reviewers and a quality assessment was carried out by using the Cochrane Collaboration ‘risk of bias’ tool. Meta-analyses were conducted with fixed or random effects models as appropriate. Statistical heterogeneity was also examined. The RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis.

Results
A total of 472 articles were identified, from which nine RCTs were finally included. A meta-analysis revealed that after initial arch wire placement, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and music therapy could significantly reduce pain within three days compared with a control group. In addition, there were no differences in pain reduction between CBT and music therapy within one week. Furthermore, a structured phone and text follow-up could significantly reduce and control pain and had the same effectiveness in pain reduction.

Conclusions
In the short term after initial arch wire placement, all psychological interventions could significantly reduce the intensity of pain without adverse effects. In the current study, there was no significant difference in pain relief between the different psychological interventions. In the future, more high-quality research with consistency in research design is needed for further evaluation.
Congenitally absent maxillary lateral incisors. A case report illustrating the use of a Mesialslider and a customised lingual appliance
Authors: Pies Stephan , Wilmes Benedict , Vasudavan Sivabalan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
A young adolescent female, aged 17 years and one month, presented seeking orthodontic treatment to address the congenital absence of her maxillary lateral incisors.

Aims
The therapeutic aims were to provide an adequate aesthetic and functional occlusion, coupled with sound adjunctive periodontal tissue relationships and a favourable long-term prognosis.

Methods
The malocclusion was managed by customised lingual orthodontic appliances and the adjunctive use of direct skeletal anchorage derived from two palatal mini-implants.

Results
The treatment objectives of good aesthetics, a functional occlusion, normal function, a healthy periodontium and a balanced profile were readily achieved. The retention records demonstrate the stability of the correction. The treatment duration was approximately 41 months, which encompassed the use of full fixed customised lingual appliances over a period of 24 months.
The effect of headgear treatment on the development of obstructive sleep apnoea. A systematic review
Authors: Studer Vera , Koletsi Despina , Iliadi Anna , Eliades Theodore 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the effect of the cervical headgear on the development of obstructive sleep apnoea and subsequent alterations of oropharyngeal dimensions.

Materials and method
An electronic database search of published and unpublished literature was performed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Clinical Trials.gov and National Research Register). Search terms included obstructive sleep apnoea, sleep disorders, pharyngeal dimensions and headgear. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the ACROBAT-NRSI tool for non-randomised studies.

Results
Of the 51 articles initially retrieved, only three were eligible for inclusion, while the remainder were retrospective cohort studies presenting serious risk of bias primarily due to undetected confounding factors or selection bias. No quantitative synthesis was possible. One study assessed the potential effect of isolated headgear treatment on apnoeic indices, while two studies described pharyngeal airway dimensions after the use of headgear alone or in combination with an activator appliance. Overall, increased apnoeic indices and the oxygen desaturation index were detected for headgear users. Dimensional changes in the posterior airway space were comparable after headgear or activator use, while combined headgear-activator treatment led to an increase in posterior pharyngeal area when compared with isolated fixed appliance therapy.

Conclusions
Due to methodological inconsistencies and apparent risk of bias of the existing studies, no robust conclusions can be drawn. Prospective controlled or randomised controlled trials are deemed necessary to provide evidence on the effect of headgear treatment on sleep apnoea or pharyngeal airway dimensions.
Dentoskeletal and airway effects of the X-Bow applian ce versus removable functional appliances (Frankel-2 and Trainer) in prepubertal Class II division 1 malocclusion patients
Authors: Atik Ezgi , Görücü-Coşkuner Hande , Kocadereli Ilken 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dentoskeletal and airway effects of three different functional appliances (Frankel-2, Trainer and X-Bow) in prepubertal Class II division 1 patients.

Methods
The sample consisted of 54 patients with a Class II relationship as a result of mandibular retrognathia and relative maxillary constriction. Group I included 15 patients treated with a Frankel-2 appliance. Group II consisted of 14 patients treated with a T4-K Trainer. Group III consisted of 15 patients treated with the X-Bow appliance. Group IV consisted of 10 untreated Class II patients who served as a control group. Pretreatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) cephalograms were used to evaluate dentoskeletal and airway changes. Parametric one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and a paired t-test were used to perform statistical analysis.

Results
The decrease in SNA angle was significant in groups I and III, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). SNB angle and Co-GN length changes from T1 to T2 were statistically significant in groups I and II (p < 0.05), but not relative to the control group. The upper and lower incisors were significantly retruded and protruded, respectively, in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Except PNS-AD2 and MAS measurements in group I, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway dimensions did not significantly change from T1 to T2 in all groups.

Conclusions
The Frankel-2 and X-Bow appliances were efficient in restricting the forward growth of the maxilla. The Frankel-2 and Trainer appliances produced a larger sagittal increase in mandibular length than the X-Bow appliance. Lower incisor proclination was more pronounced in the X-Bow group. The effect of the treatment protocols was similar and matched the control group with respect to the airway.
Influence of facial types on sliding mechanics
Authors: Cadenas-Llano María , Castillo-Oyagüe Raquel , Iglesias-Linares Alejandro , Yáñez-Vico Rosa María , Solano Enrique , Torres-Lagares Daniel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background/objectives/aims
The present study considered the effect of orthodontic friction in an evaluation of the relationship of craniofacial pattern and surface micro-roughness of fixed appliances as determinants of treatment response and time.

Methods
Brachyfacial (BF; N = 17) and dolichofacial (DF; N = 18) patients treated by canine retraction using sliding mechanics, were identified. One archwire and one bracket per patient (those of the hemi-arch showing the fastest space closure of 4 mm) were subjected to confocal scanning microscopic analysis. Total treatment duration, sliding time, tooth movement rate, topographical surface average roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (RMS), surface-kurtosis (SK), and surface-skewness (SS) were recorded and compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations between final micro-roughness and treatment time were investigated using Pearson’s coefficient within each craniofacial type (a = 0.05). The post-treatment appliance surfaces were examined by SEM.

Results
BF patients recorded a significantly higher sliding time, lowest retraction rates, and greatest final Ra and RMS (p < 0.001). A comparison of total treatment time and final SK and SS values yielded no significant differences. Significant positive correlations between sliding time and final Ra were identified in both groups.

Conclusions
Compared with DF subjects, BF patients registered higher friction between the orthodontic components, required longer sliding time, and showed lower retraction rates.
Porcelain surface conditioning protocols and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Lestrade Ashley M. , Ballard Richard W. , Xu Xiaoming , Yu Qingzhao , Kee Edwin L. , Armbruster Paul C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
The objective of the present study was to determine which of six bonding protocols yielded a clinically acceptable shear bond strength (SBS) of metal orthodontic brackets to CAD/CAM lithium disilicate porcelain restorations. A secondary aim was to determine which bonding protocol produced the least surface damage at debond.

Methods
Sixty lithium disilicate samples were fabricated to replicate the facial surface of a mandibular first molar using a CEREC CAD/CAM machine. The samples were split into six test groups, each of which received different mechanical/chemical pretreatment protocols to roughen the porcelain surface prior to bonding a molar orthodontic attachment. Shear bond strength testing was conducted using an Instron machine. The mean, maximum, minimal, and standard deviation SBS values for each sample group including an enamel control were calculated. A t-test was used to evaluate the statistical significance between the groups.

Results
No significant differences were found in SBS values, with the exception of surface roughening with a green stone prior to HFA and silane treatment. This protocol yielded slightly higher bond strength which was statistically significant.

Conclusion
Chemical treatment alone with HFA/silane yielded SBS values within an acceptable clinical range to withstand forces applied by orthodontic treatment and potentially eliminates the need to mechanically roughen the ceramic surface.
Invisalign treatment of lower incisor extraction cases
Authors: Weir Tony 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To demonstrate the use of the Invisalign appliance in lower incisor extraction cases.

Method
Twelve patients, consecutively treated by the removal of a single lower incisor and Invisalign appliances, were selected from the author’s private practice. Pretreatment, treatment and post-treatment photographic records were obtained and are presented.

Results
All cases completed treatment, with a mean treatment time of 42 weeks. Fifty percent of the cases required a brief period of refinement (average six weeks) at the end of the initial projected treatment period.

Conclusion
The Invisalign appliance, in correctly diagnosed cases, with careful ‘ClinCheck’ set-ups and good clinical monitoring, can routinely produce satisfactory outcomes in patients who require the removal of a lower incisor.
The Herbst appliance and the Activator: influence of the vertical facial pattern
Authors: Turnock Christopher , Woods Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Aim
To compare the effects of the Herbst appliance and the Activator at the completion of two-phase treatment, with respect to the vertical facial pattern (VFP) and to identify possible predictors of treatment effect.

Materials and methods
Pretreatment, post-treatment and overall cephalometric change data were used to assess the dental and skeletal effects. Results for the change in mandibular length were also compared with changes reported for an untreated external control group.

Results
Clinically significant dental and skeletal changes (including mandibular incisor proclination and overjet reduction) were characteristics of both treatment methods. Any increases in mandibular length and chin prominence were not greater than those expected following natural growth. The pretreatment VFP remained essentially unaltered, while mean changes as a result of treatment were similar for brachyfacial, mesofacial, and dolichofacial subjects. No predictive factors were identified.

Conclusions
Clinicians are advised to expect significant overjet reduction and mandibular incisor proclination with either treatment method. Significant skeletal change may be observed in growing subjects; however, any increase in mandibular length or chin projection is not likely to be beyond the limit set by nature. While there will be some individual variation, no significant long-term alteration in the pretreatment vertical facial pattern should be expected with either treatment. Long faces will remain long and short faces will remain short.
A computed tomographic, mixed dentition, space analysis comparison
Authors: Queijo Luís , do Vale Francisco , Corte-Real Ana , Alves Sónia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
A considered space analysis aims to predict the combined mesiodistal widths of unerupted permanent canine and premolars. A miscalculation can lead to the application of inadequate and irreversible treatments.

Objective
To assess the level of agreement between predictions generated by three methods (Moyers’ predictive tables at the 50th and 75th percentiles and Tanaka-Johnston’s equations) on the sum of unerupted teeth compared with measurements derived from cone beam computed tomography, considered in the present study as a ‘gold standard’.

Materials and methods
The study sample was comprised of children (N = 26) aged 8–13 who visited the Department of Dentistry. Moyers’ predictive tables and the Tanaka-Johnston equation were applied to ascertain the space requirements. Cone beam computed tomography was performed on each patient and the volumetric data analysed. A concordance correlation coefficient between each method’s predictions was applied.

Results
The three methods tended to overestimate the cone beam computed tomography readings and were not able to entirely capture the variability of the sum of the unerupted teeth. Moyers’ 50th percentile estimate revealed a more balanced distribution between over-and underestimation.

Conclusion
The present study suggested that Moyers’ 50th percentile is the predictive method with the lowest absolute error and is preferred for clinical use.