bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rapport aux règles d’hygiène auprès d’étudiants en soins infirmiers : une approche éthogénique
Authors: Hardy-Massard Sandrine , Gandon Laurence , Linero Rachel , Deparois David , Capon-Lagneau Karine , Auzoult Laurent 
Published: January 2021

Introduction : le respect des règles d’hygiène est un élément central dans la formation en soins infirmiers et plus globalement dans les pratiques de soins. Cette étude s’intéresse aux comportements associés aux respects de règles d’hygiène en nous basant sur les discours d’étudiants en formation en soins infirmiers vis-à-vis des règles d’hygiène. Le cadre théorique de référence est éthogénique et vise à expliquer les comportements à partir des conventions sociales, de la culture et de l’environnement des professionnels de soin. Méthode : 159 étudiants en formation ont été interviewés en groupe à propos de la violation et du respect des règles d’hygiène. Résultats : les discours font ressortir que les comportements dépendent de la perception des contextes de soins, des compétences et de la reconnaissance au sein d’un collectif de travail pour les futurs professionnels du soin. Conclusion : ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de développer une pédagogie de la règle et d’éviter la mise en place de résistances associées à leur application au travail.
L’Entreprise-agence de Jean Walter. 1918-1957. L’architecture au service de l’affairisme ?
Authors: Gaimard Marie 
Published: January 2021

Dans un contexte de régulation progressive du métier d’architecte en France dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, la carrière de Jean Walter (1883-1957), peu préoccupé par les débats de nature déontologique qui animent la profession, illustre bien les libertés et les tolérances encore possibles avant la loi du 31 décembre 1940. Si elle est reconnue brièvement au début des années 1930, la figure de Jean Walter a été frappée d’ostracisme dès 1935, en raison notamment de scandales politico-financiers dans lesquels il fut impliqué. La fortune critique de ses réalisations dans l’historiographie de l’architecture s’en est ressentie jusqu’à nos jours : ainsi son nom fut, vers la fin de sa vie, davantage cité dans les journaux à grand tirage et même dans la presse à sensation que dans les revues d’architecture. Imprégné de libéralisme, s’inspirant du monde de l’industrie, l’intéressé a transposé dans l’architecture, parfois de façon littérale, des méthodes relevant de l’Organisations scientifique du travail. L’article précise la vision affairiste qu’entretient Jean Walter et s’interroge sur sa mise en application.
L’Agence d’Antonin Raymond à Tokyo dans l’Entre-deux-guerres : enjeux, acteurs, processus
Authors: Gloaguen Yola 
Published: January 2021

Au Japon, l’architecte est une figure apparue relativement récemment sur l’échiquier des métiers de la construction. Le cadre de son activité, l’agence d’architecture a, comme lui, été importée lors du grand transfert des savoirs et des technologies opéré à l’ère Meiji (1868-1912). Mais l’importation de modèles étrangers dans un contexte local ne suffit pas pour répondre aux exigences spécifiques à ce contexte et demande de nombreuses adaptations. Celles-ci relèvent en premier lieu des différents acteurs agissant en son sein et de leur propre capacité d’adaptation, d’apprentissage et de collaboration. Pour illustrer ce propos, cet article porte sur l’agence de l’architecte américain d’origine tchèque Antonin Raymond durant son premier séjour au Japon (1920-1938). Au cours de ces dix-huit premières années, Raymond met sur pied une équipe et une structure qui lui permettront de se situer parmi les principaux acteurs du développement de l’architecture moderne au Japon. Basé sur des témoignages émanant d’un certain nombre de ses anciens collaborateurs et sur l’analyse d’un corpus de dessins d’architecture, cet article aborde en particulier deux thèmes : la présentation des partenaires clés de Raymond et de leur rôle dans la production de l’architecture moderne et contextuelle qui caractérisera son agence dès les années 1920, et certains des outils de conception architecturale adaptés du contexte local pour la réalisation de villas privées.
Les architectes en coworking. Ou le renouvellement d’une figure de l’architecte
Authors: Dadour Stéphanie , Perrier Lucie 
Published: January 2021

En 2018, l’observatoire démographique et économique de la profession d’architecte publié par le conseil national de l’Ordre, introduit pour la première fois le coworking comme l’un des principaux outils de collaboration utilisés par les architectes. La collaboration apparaît comme l’une des formes d’exercice transformant la pratique de l’architecture, et par conséquent le choix des lieux. Cet article s’intéresse aux enjeux de la transformation des activités des agences des architectes travaillant en coworking, ainsi qu’aux raisons qui encouragent les architectes à s’installer dans les espaces de coworking : dans quelle mesure le coworking participe à la pratique de l’architecte ? Et de quel architecte s’agit-il ? Il ne s’agit pas de retracer l’histoire ou la gestion managériale des agences mais de saisir ce que les architectes tirent de ces lieux en coworking à un moment (2016-2020) où la profession rencontre des modifications législatives et des représentations dévalorisantes, notamment la diminution du leadership des architectes sur les projets, comme le reflète la loi ELAN par exemple.
The Office of William Tite (1798-1873): Architecture at the Start of the Railway Age
Authors: Chrimes Mike 
Published: January 2021

This article looks at how William Tite’s office practice developed in the context of the financial and professional world in which he lived and worked. The office supported Tite’s activities for 50 years from c. 1823 until his death in 1873. He was one of the most successful English architects of the nineteenth century in terms of wealth and general reputation. His principal office was located in the City of London, close to his commercial clients. With the arrival of the railway age, these clients enabled Tite to become a well-known figure in the provision of professional architectural and valuation services to railway companies. Like most practices of the time, his office staff was small and he was only able to provide services by delegating or passing on work to other architects and surveyors, and by establishing sub-offices where necessary. Thus, in the 1840s, he had offices of some form in France, Carlisle, Edinburgh and Perth. His busy schedule meant he frequently provided sketches whilst in the midst of site visits, and he therefore relied on his office staff to provide finished drawings. Ultimately, he had a number of partners who carried on his practice for a further generation.
Effects of Hip Range of Motion and Isometric Strength on Energy Flow during Windmill Softball Pitching
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Wasserberger Kyle , de Swart Anne , Friesen Kenzie , Downs Jessica , Bordelon Nicole 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Context:Inadequate hip range of motion (ROM) and isometric strength (ISO) may interfere with energy flow through the kinetic chain and result in increased injury susceptibility.
Objective:To examine the relationship of hip ROM and ISO with energy flow through the trunk and pitching arm segments during the windmill softball pitch in youth athletes. A subsequent purpose was to examine the relationship between energy flow and pitch speed.
Design:Descriptive laboratory study.
Setting:University research laboratory.
Participants:A sample of 29 youth softball pitchers (11.2±1.3 yrs.; 155.0±10.4 cm; 53.2±12.6 kg).
Main Outcome Measure(s):Bilateral hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) ROM and ISO were measured. Net energy outflow and peak rates of energy outflow from the distal ends of the trunk, humerus, and forearm were calculated for the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, and pitch speed was measured.
Results:Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of drive hip ER ISO on the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk (p=0.045) and humerus (p=0.002). Specifically, increased drive hip ER ISO was associated with increased net energy outflow from the trunk to the humerus and from the humerus to the forearm. No significant effects of hip ROM or other hip ISO measures were observed. Additionally, pitchers who achieved higher peak rates of distal outflow tended to also achieve higher pitch speeds.
Conclusions:There is an association between drive hip ER ISO and the net energy flow out of the distal ends of the trunk and humerus during the acceleration phase of the windmill softball pitch, emphasizing the importance of hip and lower body strength in the execution of the whole-body windmill pitch. Overall, energy flow analysis is an interesting new way to analyze pitching mechanics and will aid in further understanding of performance and injury risk in windmill softball pitching.
Shoulder Strength and Range of Motion in Healthy Collegiate Softball Players
Authors: Biaggi Kelsey , Farmer Brooke , Hobson Matt , Self Curtis , Grindstaff Terry L. 
Published: January 2021

Context
Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and strength are key injury evaluation components for overhead athletes. Most normative values are derived from male baseball players, with limited information specific to female softball players.

Objective
To determine between-limbs differences in shoulder ROM and strength in healthy collegiate softball players.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
University research laboratory and collegiate athletic training room.

Patients or Other Participants
Twenty-three healthy collegiate softball players (age = 19.9 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.5 ± 4.3 cm, mass = 78.4 ± 11.3 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Shoulder ROM (internal rotation [IR] and external rotation [ER]), isometric strength (IR, ER, flexion, abduction [135°], and horizontal abduction), and a measure of dynamic strength (Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test) were obtained. Paired-samples t tests were used to determine between-limbs differences for each outcome measure.

Results
Participants had more ER ROM (12° more) and less IR ROM (12° less) in the dominant arm, relative to the nondominant arm. No differences were present between limbs for any of the isometric strength measures or the Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test reach directions.

Conclusions
Female collegiate softball players demonstrated typical changes in ER and IR ROM in the dominant arm and relatively symmetric performance across strength measures, which contrasts with previous findings in male baseball players.
Management of a diagnostic radiology department amid Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Parry Arshed H , Wani Haseeb A , Yaseen Mudasira 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) is a highly contagious infectious disease and spreads through aerosols and fomites. Health care personnel who are at the forefront of the fight against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic are also at greater risk of contracting the infection. Mixing of uninfected people with infected people is potentially hazardous, especially in a radiology department. Implementation of meticulous operational changes, curtailment of nonurgent radiological work, rationalization of staff, equipment disinfection, use of personal protection equipment, and psychological support are needed to combat COVID-19 or any such infectious disease outbreak. This technical note will familiarize radiology workers with infectious disease outbreak-response to be adopted to ensure the safety of staff and patients.
Radiographic features of COVID-19 infection at presentation and significance of chest X-ray: Early experience from a super-specialty hospital in India
Authors: Sahu Amit K , Dhar Anandmoyee , Aggarwal Bharat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the relative early lockdown in India, relative greater availability of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and mandate to admit all positive corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the protocol in our hospital is to perform a baseline chest X-ray (CXR) at the time of admission and for follow up. There are currently limited publications demonstrating the radiographic findings and the role of CXR of COVID-19 patients at presentation. Aims: Evaluatethe radiographic findings on CXR in COVID-19 patients at presentation. Recommend a guideline for its judicious use. Settings and Design: Retroprospective study performed on RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in our hospital between March 31,2020 to May 25, 2020. The study included symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. CXR was performed for218 patients. Materials and Methods: Portable bedside CXR was performed. The CXRs were evaluated by three radiologists to record the findings and grade the disease. All variables were expressed as mean, ranges, counts, and percentages. Results: 157 patients (72%) were symptomatic and 61 (28%) were asymptomatic. 104 CXRs (48%) were abnormal (97 in symptomatic (62%) and fourin asymptomatic (6%)). 74 patients (47%) in the symptomatic group had known comorbidities and of these, 62 (84%) had abnormal CXR. 97 CXRs (93%) had bilateral findings and 87 CXRs (84%) had peripherally predominant abnormalities. The lower zone was the most common area of involvement (73%). Ground glass opacity (GGO) was the most common finding (94%–98 CXRs). Mild disease was seen in 56 (54%). Conclusion: CXR can be used to assess symptomatic COVID-19 patients at presentation and to grade the severity of disease. It may be avoided in asymptomatic patients.
Role of portable chest radiography in management of COVID-19: Experience of 422 patients from a tertiary care center in India
Authors: Goyal Alka , Tiwari Raghav , Bagarhatta Meenu , Ashwini B , Rathi Bhavyansh , Bhandari Sudhir 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyze radiological changes in portable chest radiographs in coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19) patients to optimize the management of hospitalized patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 638 portable radiographs of 422 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. All the radiographs were reported in a structured format by two experienced radiologists. A severity score was assigned to every Chest Xray (CXR) and correlation was done with the CT scans whenever available. Results: Out of 422 baseline portable radiographs assessed,the ratio of male: female patients was 337:85 that is 79.8% were males and 20.14% were females.The mean age was 50.5 years and the range was 17–84 years.Of these 422 patients, 187 patients (44.3%) had abnormal baseline CXR. 161 out of 187 (86%) had either typical or indeterminate findings for COVID-19 pneumonia, rest 26 (13.9%) patients had CXR findings not consistent with COVID-19, like pleural effusion, hydropneumothorax, or lung cavity.Most commonly observed CXR findings in COVID 19 pneumonia were bilateral, multifocal air space opacities (consolidation and ground-glass opacities) predominantly involving lower zones and peripheral lung fields. X-ray identifiable lung changes of COVID-19 were mostly seen at 9-11 days after symptom onset. Conclusion: The presence of multifocal air-space opacities with bilateral, peripheral distribution on chest radiograph is highly suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia in this pandemic setting.Portable chest radiography is a widely available and quicktool for estimating the evolution and assessing the severity of lung involvement of COVID-19 pneumonia in hospitalized symptomatic patients.
Perception and practice regarding infection control measures in Radiology department during pre-COVID and COVID times—A survey among radiologists and a review of current concepts and literature
Authors: Srivastava Saubhagya , Rai Santosh PV , Jain Animesh , Shenoy Suchithra 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aim to evaluate the perception and practice of IPC measures by Radiologists during pre-COVID and present COVID times, while conducting a thorough review of current concepts and literature, to provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) for radiology operations. Methods: This study was conducted by Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Mangalore. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee, and other required permissions, the Google form questionnaire was sent to 350 Radiologists via email and text during the period of May 2020. Data was collected by time-based sampling in the period of fifteen days during the end of the total lockdown time. Results: 54% (n = 152) reported never attending a training session on (Infection Prevention & Control) IPC prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. The perception regarding IPC were found to be good among radiologists as majority of the respondents were correctly able to answer questions regarding IPC. 86% (n = 152) of the respondents believed that their knowledge on IPC has improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was revealed that majority of the respondents only started to practice appropriate contact and droplet / procedural precautions only after the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The present COVID-19 scenario coupled with the lack of knowledge and training regarding IPC amongst radiologists evident from the results of our survey, highlights the need for proper training and establishing standard operating procedures and best practices in IPC pertinent to modern radiology practice
Artificial intelligence and radiology: Combating the COVID-19 conundrum
Authors: Pankhania Mayur 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid testing and diagnosis to manage its spread. While reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is being used as the gold standard method to diagnose COVID-19, many scientists and doctors have pointed out some challenges related to the variability, accuracy, and affordability of this technique. At the same time, radiological methods, which were being used to diagnose COVID-19 in the early phase of the pandemic in China, were sidelined by many primarily due to their low specificity and the difficulty in conducting a differential diagnosis. However, the utility of radiological methods cannot be neglected. Indeed, over the past few months, healthcare consultants and radiologists in India have been using or advising the use of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest for early diagnosis and tracking of COVID-19, particularly in preoperative and asymptomatic patients. At the same time, scientists have been trying to improve upon the radiological method of COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring by using artificial intelligence (AI)-based interpretation models. This review is an effort to compile and compare such efforts. To this end, the latest scientific literature on the use of radiology and AI-assisted radiology for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 has been reviewed and presented, highlighting the strengths and limitations of such techniques.
Demographic and clinico-radiological profile on High-Resolution Computerized Tomography (HRCT) thorax in mild or asymptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 patients in high-endemicity area of India—Can HRCT be the first screening tool? —The DECRYPTION study
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Gupta Amit , Vadgama Komal , Desai Hardik D , Sharma Neha , Shah Komal , Jadeja Dhigishaba M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: With COVID-19 cases rising, despite CT chest being of value in diagnosis and prognostication in COVID-19, its role in mild or asymptomatic suspected COVID-19, before RT-PCR test is lacking. Method: This is a retrospective observational study involving asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19 infection in a high endemicity area. Of 2532 HRCT chest database, 376 eligible cases were analyzed for clinico-radiological correlation for CT findings based CORADS and CT severity score between positive vs negative group. Results: Of 376, 186 (48.46%) had COVID-19 features on HRCT in mild and asymptomatic suspected patients. 98 (26.06%) had CO-RARDS - 5, 88 (23.40%) had CO-RADS - 4. 48 (12.76%), 128 (34.04%), 14 (3.72%) had CO-RADS score of 3,2,1, respectively. Positive CT findings were more likely beyond 3 days of symptoms compared to those presenting earlier {days: (Mean) 4.2 vs 2.76} Positive CT was significantly associated with patients with anosmia and dyspnea. The common presenting symptoms were Fever 196 (52.12%) and followed by sore throat in 173 (46.01%). The common HRCT findings were Ground glass opacity (GGO) (74.60%), followed by Lymphadenopathy (LN) (27.92%). LN which was more prevalent in symptomatic patients {99/343 (28.86%) vs {6/33 (18.18%)} asymptomatics (P: 0.04)}. Consolidation was significantly more in asymptomatics with COPD (P: 0.004). 6 (3.22%) patients had CT score >17/25. Conclusion: Chest HRCT picked 48.46% positive cases in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of which 3.22% had severe involvement (>17). Being a noninvasive, rapid, sensitive, low risk of cross infection with high reproducibility, chest CT is worth evaluating as screening modality even in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic clinically suspected COVID-19.
Role of chest radiography in the management of COVID-19 pneumonia: An overview and correlation with pathophysiologic changes
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Hande Pradipta C , Chugh Shivam 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Chest radiography (CXR) is a widely available baseline radiological modality in evaluating symptomatic patients with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 disease. Serial changes can help in monitoring the patients in conjunction with the clinical status of these patients in a hospital setting. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the patterns of radiological findings on chest radiograph (CXR) for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients on initial presentation to the emergency medical services (EMS) on admission and to assess the progression and resolution. Materials and Methods: In this study, patients who presented to EMS of a multispeciality hospital as suspected or confirmed Covid-19 on consecutive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CXR was examined for findings of haziness, patterns and distribution of opacities. Progression and regression of findings in serial CXR were studied and evaluated with the clinical and laboratory parameters. High resolution CT (HRCT) chest was performed initially for some patients. Results: 756 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in our study who had initial CXR. 510 (67.46%) of our patients with positive initial RT-PCR showed abnormal baseline CXR. The abnormal findings were described as haziness akin to ground glass opacities (GGO) on CT, peripheral opacities, patchy parenchymal opacities and consolidation. Peripheral opacities and lower zone distribution were the commonest pattern of CXR abnormalities with bilateral involvement. The severity of findings on serial CXR and radiographic regression was studied along with follow-up to assess response to treatment. Forty-six patients showed features of acute lung injury (ALI). Complications and new CXR findings were reported for patients who were given ventilator support. Conclusion: CXR is a valuable baseline radiological investigation on hospital admission in symptomatic patients with suspected or confirmed Covid-19 presenting to the EMS as it helps to monitor the progress and regression of the disease in conjunction with clinical findings.