bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization and fermentation characteristics of sheep fed Atriplex hay‐based diet supplemented with discarded dates as a replacement for barley grain
Authors: Khattab Ibrahim Mohamed , Anele Uchenna Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis experiment aimed to investigate the effects of substituting barley grain with discarded dates on intake and digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and fermentation characteristics of sheep fed Atriplex hay‐based diets. Four Barki sheep (50.9 ± 2.93 kg of body weight (BW)) fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design with 23‐day periods. Four isonitrogenous (~140 g crude protein (CP)/kg of dry matter (DM)) experimental diets were formulated with Atriplex hay, and dietary sugar content was increased by replacing barley grain with discarded dates (the proportions of discarded dates in the diet were 0, 93, 187 and 280 g/kg DM). Nutrient intakes were not influenced by diet. Organic matter, CP and neutral detergent fibre digestibility increased (p < 0.05) linearly and DM digestibility tended to increase with increased dates inclusion. Ruminal pH and molar proportion of butyrate increased (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing levels of dates inclusion, whereas ruminal ammonia‐N decreased (p < 0.05) linearly. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was unaffected. Microbial protein synthesis (MCP) increased linearly and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis tended to increase as discarded dates increased. Total N intake was not affected by diets whereas, urinary N, urea‐N and total N execrations linearly decreased (p < 0.05) with higher amounts of dates in the diets. Blood urea‐N tended to decrease with increasing levels of dates. It could be concluded that replacing 100% barley grain with discarded dates as a source of soluble carbohydrates can enhance the utilization of N in Atriplex hay‐based diet and consequently improve digestibility and MCP.
History of Psychological Testing from the Perspective of Test Developers in Japan1
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the history of psychological testing in Japan is described using the oral history method. Seven test developers discussed the development of Japanese versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Binet‐Simon Intelligence Scale, and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Three conclusions were identified. First, the motivation for developing the tests shifted from one of personal aspiration to a wider responsibility of specialists' desiring to make social contributions. Second, the test developers shifted from working in small, familiar, collaborative groups to working in groups of specialists conducting well‐organized projects. Third, the development of tests has variously been led by researchers, publishers, researcher‐and‐publisher collaborations, or institutes. In addition, this study identifies contemporary challenges for developing psychological tests, specifically due to insufficient numbers of participants and test developers.
The challenge and promise of estimating the de novo mutation rate from whole‐genome comparisons among closely related individuals
Authors: Yoder Anne D. , Tiley George P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGermline mutations are the raw material for natural selection, driving species evolution and the generation of earth's biodiversity. Without this driver of genetic diversity, life on earth would stagnate. Yet, it is a double‐edged sword. An excess of mutations can have devastating effects on fitness and population viability. It is therefore one of the great challenges of molecular ecology to determine the rate and mechanisms by which these mutations accrue across the tree of life. Advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies are providing new opportunities for characterizing the rates and mutational spectra within species and populations thus informing essential evolutionary parameters such as the timing of speciation events, the intricacies of historical demography, and the degree to which lineages are subject to the burdens of mutational load. Here, we will focus on both the challenge and promise of whole‐genome comparisons among parents and their offspring from known pedigrees for the detection of germline mutations as they arise in a single generation. The potential of these studies is high, but the field is still in its infancy and much uncertainty remains. Namely, the technical challenges are daunting given that pedigree‐based genome comparisons are essentially searching for needles in a haystack given the very low signal to noise ratio. Despite the challenges, we predict that rapidly developing methods for whole‐genome comparisons hold great promise for integrating empirically derived estimates of de novo mutation rates and mutation spectra across many molecular ecological applications.
Emergency Remote Language Teaching and U.S.‐Based College‐Level World Language Educators’ Intention to Adopt Online Teaching in Postpandemic Times
Authors: JIN LI , XU YI , DEIFELL ELIZABETH , ANGUS KATIE 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study adopted a mixed methods approach to explore the impact of emergency remote language teaching (ERLT) in the spring of 2020 on 662 U.S.‐based college‐level world language educators’ intention to teach languages online in postpandemic times. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from an online questionnaire and follow‐up interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural path analysis, which identified 3 factors—perceived values of online language teaching, self‐confidence in online language teaching, and stress felt during ERLT—having significant positive predictions of world language educators’ intention to teach online in the future. All other ERLT‐related factors had indirect effects on their intention. Typological analysis was conducted with qualitative data, which revealed primary reasons for the 3 types of intention to teach online in the future. The results indicate that U.S.‐based college‐level world language educators were generally positive about adopting online language teaching in postpandemic times after the ERLT experience, although many preferred hybrid teaching if given the choice.
Seeing‐in and Singling Out: How to Reconcile Pictures with Singular Thought
Authors: Terrone Enrico 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to the standard view of pictorial reference, a picture produces singular thought in virtue of both its appearance and its history. Zeimbekis (2010) challenges this view, arguing that the perception of the picture's appearance does not contribute to the production of singular thought. The paper defends the standard view from Zeimbekis' challenge, specifying the roles of appearance and history in pictorial reference. While knowledge about the picture's history allows one to identify the standpoint from which to see the scene depicted, the perception of the picture's appearance exploits that standpoint to single out individuals in that scene.
Parental neurotic excoriation injury of children: A case series of hidden physical abuse
Authors: Hines Larissa , Lang Margaret E. , Johnson Katie L. , Ruiz‐Maldonado Tagrid M. , Feldman Ken W. , Graff Arne H. , Hand Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecognizable skin findings of child physical abuse include bruises, abrasions, lacerations, bite marks, burns, and oral injuries. Self‐induced skin picking, or neurotic excoriation, can correspond to emotional stress, underlying psychiatric illness, or substance abuse. Parental neurotic excoriation injury of children has not been reported previously as a form of physical abuse.MethodsWe present a case series of five children abused via parental excoriation. All affected children were three years of age or younger and otherwise healthy. Each child presented with wounds determined to be consistent with chronic picking. Patient age, injury location, and in some cases, witness accounts confirmed the lesions were not self‐inflicted.ResultsIn three cases, caregivers reported methamphetamine use. In these cases, caregivers repeatedly picked or wiped the infants’ skin. In two cases, the caregiver demonstrated personal neurotic excoriation behavior, which was imposed upon her children resulting in similar lesions. One affected child died at 14 days of age from abusive head trauma, while the other four children were placed in foster care by Child Protective Services.ConclusionExcoriation injury places children at risk for significant scarring and other long‐term effects. We report examples demonstrating that repetitive skin injury by caregivers is a diagnostic consideration for abuse in young children.
Topical sirolimus: Difference between compounded preparations and commercial oral solution
Authors: Brichta Lars , Carver James G. , Carver DeKlotz Cynthia Marie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTopical sirolimus has become a crucial treatment option for many dermatologic disorders. Because an FDA‐approved topical formulation is not commercially available, sirolimus creams, ointments, and gels are professionally prepared by compounding pharmacies. Also, the topical use of a commercially available sirolimus solution approved for oral administration is described regularly. To better guide providers in their decision‐making when topical sirolimus is being considered, this article highlights the substantial pharmaceutical and clinical differences between commercial oral solution and compounded preparations specifically designed for topical therapy.
Decreased neutrophil‐mediated bacterial killing in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Nomani Masoumeh , Varahram Mohammad , Tabarsi Payam , Hashemian Seyed MohammadReza , Jamaati Hamidreza , Malekmohammad Majid , Ghazi Mona , Adcock Ian M. , Mortaz Esmaeil 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease COVID‐19 was first described in December 2019. The peripheral blood of COVID‐19 patients have increased numbers of neutrophils which are important in controlling the bacterial infections observed in COVID‐19. We sought to evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of neutrophils in COVID‐19 patients. 34 confirmed COVID‐19 patients (29 severe, five mild disease), and nine healthy controls were recruited from the Masih Daneshvari Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from March to May 2020. Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were isolated from whole blood and incubated with green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Bacterial growth was determined by measuring the florescence of co‐cultures of bacteria and neutrophils and reported as the lag time before exponential growth. The number of viable bacteria was determined after 70 hours as colony‐forming units (CFU). The immunophenotype of tested cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Isolated neutrophils have higher surface expression of CD16 and CD62L with negative markers for PMN‐MDSC. Bacterial growth in the presence of SA (22 ± 0.9 versus 9.2 ± 0.5 h, P < .01) and PA (12.4 ± 0.6 versus 4.5 ± 0.22, P < .01) was significantly reduced in COVID‐19 patients. After 70 h incubation of PMN with bacteria (SA and PA), CFUs were significant increased in COVID‐19 patients SA (2.6 ± 0.09 × 108 CFU/mL‐severe patients and 1.4 ± 0.06 × 108 CFU/mL‐mild patients, P < .001) and PA (2.2 ± 0.09 × 109 CFU/mL‐severe patients and 1.6 ± 0.03 × 109 CFU/mL‐mild patients, P < .001). Gentamycin proliferation assays confirmed the presence of intracellular bacteria. Reduced bacterial killing by neutrophils from COVID‐19 patients may be responsible for the high bacterial yield seen in these patients.
The impact of donor ferritin testing on blood availability in Canada
Authors: Blake John T. , O'Brien Sheila F. , Goldman Mindy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIron depletion is a side effect of blood donation. Agencies have developed policies to test donors and to extend inter‐donation intervals (IDIs) for individuals with low ferritin levels. Ferritin testing, however, has an impact on product availability due to longer IDIs and the effect of test results on donor behaviour. In this paper we apply a model to evaluate the impact of ferritin testing in the Canadian donor population on whole blood donations.Materials and MethodsA discrete event simulation was adopted for the study. The model represents a population of individuals that donate blood, are tested for ferritin levels, and may exit the system. Data for the simulation was derived from operational data, donor research studies from Canadian Blood Services and previously published sources.ResultsRed cell collections will decline by at least 3.1% and could decline by as much as 19.2% after ferritin testing is put in place. Requirements for new donors could rise by as much as 36.0%.ConclusionThe impact of ferritin testing on repeat donor behaviour, rather than extensions to the mandated inter‐donation interval, is the largest factor influencing declines in whole blood donations. Because behaviour changes following the receipt of a low ferritin result, blood agencies must ensure that donors with low ferritin are motivated to modify their lifestyle and, when healthy, return to the donor pool.
Gas Flowrate Evaluation in Coal Coupling the Matrix Shrinkage Effect Caused by Water Extraction
Authors: Miao Yanan , Zhao Chaojie , Zhou Gang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Estimating production in coal accurately is crucial for promoting the process of safe, efficient, and green coal mining. It has been gradually recognized that horizontal wells with multiple fractures are employed to develop the coal reservoir, which signifies that the linear flow regime will dominate for a rather long time. However, the traditional analysis approaches of transient linear flow regimes may yield the overestimation of coal reservoir property. In this work, a new analytical model was proposed to estimate the rate-transient of wells with multi-fractures in coal reservoir that produce at a constant flowing pressure, which considers multiple flow mechanisms. Especially, the matrix shrinkage effect caused by water extraction from microscopic pores was incorporated, which has never been investigated by current production analysis models. In comparison with the conventional reservoir, the advanced pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time equations incorporating earlier critical mechanisms were established, including the four effects of gas slippage, effective stress, and matrix shrinkage caused by gas desorption/water extraction. In addition, the excellent agreement between the predicted rate by the proposed model and field data was achieved to validate the reliability of proposed models. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis was carried out to clarify the influence of a series of factors on the seepage mechanism and productivity curve. Results demonstrated that the matrix shrinkage effect caused by water extraction may increase the well production rate in coal reservoirs. Selecting one field case as an example, the production rate predicted by the red curve is obviously higher than that by the green curve, the average discrepancy yields around 39.5%. The relative humidity in the coal matrix will present a positive impact on well production performance. Taking a field case as an instance, when the relative humidity varies from 8% to 14%, the well production sharply increases by about 11.6%.
Optimal Sizing of Cylindrical Receivers for Surround Heliostat Fields Using fluxtracer
Authors: Grigoriev Victor , Milidonis Kypros , Constantinou Marios , Corsi Clotilde , Pye John , Blanco Manuel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents an innovative approach for optimizing the dimensions of cylindrical receivers for solar tower systems. In this approach, a single set of rays, representative of a complete annual ray-tracing simulation of the solar tower system, is used and processed to evaluate numerous receiver designs simultaneously and to select the optimum. The simultaneous evaluation of receiver designs is achieved by exploiting the geometrical properties of the intersection between a ray and a cylinder, which allows estimating the annual energy intercepted by receivers of different heights without the need for processing the annual set of rays more than one time. Once the annual intercepted energy is known for each receiver, the application of a costing function estimating the receiver cost as a function of its surface area allows to estimate their cost and, therefore, to select the receiver dimensions that will yield a minimum surface area for a given annual energy interception factor. The overall workflow to carry out the mentioned receiver optimization approach has been implemented by adapting several open-source tools that The Cyprus Institute (CyI) is developing in collaboration with the Australian National University (ANU) to assist in the modeling, analysis, design, and optimization of concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems. This article also presents a detailed overview of the overall simulation workflow as well as a case study demonstrating the capabilities of the approach.
Intrapartum interventions and outcomes for women and children following induction of labour at term in uncomplicated pregnancies: a 16-year population-based linked data study
Authors: Dahlen Hannah G , Thornton Charlene , Downe Soo , de Jonge Ank , Seijmonsbergen-Schermers Anna , Tracy Sally , Tracy Mark , Bisits Andrew , Peters Lilian 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesWe compared intrapartum interventions and outcomes for mothers, neonates and children up to 16 years, for induction of labour (IOL) versus spontaneous labour onset in uncomplicated term pregnancies with live births.DesignWe used population linked data from New South Wales, Australia (2001–2016) for healthy women giving birth at 37+0 to 41+6 weeks. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed for intrapartum interventions, postnatal maternal and neonatal outcomes, and long-term child outcomes adjusted for maternal age, country of birth, socioeconomic status, parity and gestational age.ResultsOf 474 652 included births, 69 397 (15%) had an IOL for non-medical reasons. Primiparous women with IOL versus spontaneous onset differed significantly for: spontaneous vaginal birth (42.7% vs 62.3%), instrumental birth (28.0% vs 23.9%%), intrapartum caesarean section (29.3% vs 13.8%), epidural (71.0% vs 41.3%), episiotomy (41.2% vs 30.5%) and postpartum haemorrhage (2.4% vs 1.5%). There was a similar trend in outcomes for multiparous women, except for caesarean section which was lower (5.3% vs 6.2%). For both groups, third and fourth degree perineal tears were lower overall in the IOL group: primiparous women (4.2% vs 4.9%), multiparous women (0.7% vs 1.2%), though overall vaginal repair was higher (89.3% vs 84.3%). Following induction, incidences of neonatal birth trauma, resuscitation and respiratory disorders were higher, as were admissions to hospital for infections (ear, nose, throat, respiratory and sepsis) up to 16 years. There was no difference in hospitalisation for asthma or eczema, or for neonatal death (0.06% vs 0.08%), or in total deaths up to 16 years.ConclusionIOL for non-medical reasons was associated with higher birth interventions, particularly in primiparous women, and more adverse maternal, neonatal and child outcomes for most variables assessed. The size of effect varied by parity and gestational age, making these important considerations when informing women about the risks and benefits of IOL.
Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool prognostic value in older hospitalised patients: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: Piers Ruth , De Brauwer Isabelle , Baeyens Hilde , Velghe Anja , Hens Lineke , Deschepper Ellen , Henrard Séverine , De Pauw Michel , Van Den Noortgate Nele , De Saint-Hubert Marie 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAn increasing number of older patients are hospitalised. Prognostic uncertainty causes hospital doctors to be reluctant to make the switch from cure to care. The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) has not been validated for prognostication in an older hospitalised population.AimTo validate SPICT as a prognostic tool for risk of dying within one year in older hospitalised patients.DesignProspective multicentre study. Premorbid SPICT and 1-year survival and survival time were assessed.Setting/participantsPatients 75 years and older admitted at acute geriatric (n=209) and cardiology units (CUs) (n=249) of four hospitals.ResultsIn total, 59.3% (124/209) was SPICT identified on acute geriatric vs 40.6% (101/249) on CUs (p<0.001). SPICT-identified patients in CUs reported more functional needs and more symptoms compared to SPICT non-identified patients. On acute geriatric units, SPICT-identified patients reported more functional needs only.The HR of dying was 2.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 8.7) in SPICT-identified versus non-identified after adjustment for hospital strata, age, gender and did not differ between units. One-year mortality was 24% and 22%, respectively, on acute geriatric versus CUs (p=0.488). Pooled average sensitivity, specificity and partial area under the curve differed significantly between acute geriatric and CUs (p<0.001), respectively, 0.82 (95%CI 0.66 to 0.91), 0.49 (95%CI 0.40 to 0.58) and 0.82 in geriatric vs 0.69 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.87), 0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.77) and 0.65 in CUs.ConclusionsSPICT may be used as a tool to identify older hospitalised patients at risk of dying within 1 year and who may benefit from a palliative care approach including advance care planning. The prognostic accuracy of SPICT is better in older patients admitted at the acute geriatric versus the CU.
MRI and muscle enzymes do not support the diagnosis of local anesthetic myotoxicity: a descriptive case series
Authors: Mahyar Lauren , Neal Joseph M , Blackmore C Craig , Jackson Dane W , Hanson Neil A , MacDonald Kevin M , Warren Daniel , Verdin Peter J 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe presence of thigh muscle edema as characterized by increased signal intensity on MRI has been used to support the diagnosis of presumed local anesthetic-induced myotoxicity reported after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with continuous adductor canal block (CACB). However, neither postoperative baseline imaging appearance nor muscle enzyme values have been described in conjunction with this clinical scenario. Thus, the usefulness of MRI or enzymatic biomarkers of muscle injury for supporting the diagnosis of local anesthetic myotoxicity is unknown.MethodsThis descriptive case series documents postoperative MRI appearance of the ipsilateral upper leg, plus preoperative and postoperative creatine phosphokinase and aldolase values in volunteer patients who underwent uncomplicated TKA with CACB.ResultsIn 27 volunteer patients with no postsurgical evidence of clinically relevant myotoxicity, anterior thigh muscle edema was universally evident on imaging (n=12) and muscle enzyme values (n=19) were normal or only slightly elevated.ConclusionsThe non-specificity of these findings suggests that MRI and near normal muscle enzyme levels are of limited diagnostic value when there is clinical suspicion of local anesthetic myotoxicity in the setting of TKA with CACB.Trial registration numberNCT04821245.