bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity Test of ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Indonesian Strain) Recombinant Protein Fusion: TNF-α, IL-17 and CD4+ T Cells Expression in PBMC Culture
Authors: Prasetyo Eko , Astuti Triwahju , Muktiati Nunuk Sri , Arthamin Maimun Z 
Published: April 2021

Background: Bascillus Calmette Guѐrin vaccination has not provided protection against TB in adults. ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb recombinant protein fusion as a vaccine candidate can stimulate the body's immune response. Interleukin-17, TNF-α and CD4+ play a major role against TB. This study aims to determine that the recombinant protein fusion ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb can stimulate TNF-α, IL-17 and CD4+ T cells expression in PBMC culture.
Methods: Design of this study is experimental study. Number of research sample per group of 8 subjects. The subjects: healthy, TB contact and TB patients were taken their peripheral blood sample and treated with ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb recombinant protein fusion. TNF-α CD4+ T cells were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry is used to measure IL-17 and CD4+ Tcells. As standard protocol research on tuberculosis vaccine, each subject also treated without antigen and with PPD.
Results: There was no significant increase in the administration of ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb fusion compared without antigen on TNF-α expression of CD4+ (P=0.202), expression of IL-17 CD4+ (P=0.994) and percentage of CD4+ T cells (P=0.183). ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb Fusion was able to stimulate expression of TNF-α CD4+ in healthy subjects (29.91±1.23pg/ml), TB contact (32.21±4.02pg/ml) and TB patients (33.35±8.41 pg/ml). Expression IL-17 CD4+ in healthy subjects (33.24 ± 39.01%), TB contact (23.88 ± 21%) and TB patients (51.93 ± 36%). CD4+ T cell expression in healthy subjects 30.64 ± 7.63%, TB contact 24.58 ± 5.24% and TB patients (40.73±2.63%).
Conclusions: ESAT-6/CFP-10 Mtb recombinant proteins fusion may stimulate the production of TNF-α, IL-17 CD4+ and CD4+ T cells in all subject. Expression of TNF-α, IL-17 CD4+ and CD4+ T cells in the healthy group, indicated that the ESAT-6/CFP-10 recombinant protein fusion has the potential as vaccine candidate. (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39(3):160-8)
Prevalence and Determinant of Depression among Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: Study in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital
Authors: Azam Mahalul , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Indrawati Fitri , Septiani Indah 
Published: April 2021

Backgrouds: Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) adds the burden of tuberculosis (TB). Depression is a common comorbidity in TB patients. Prevalence of depression among MDR-TB patients was higher, i.e. 11-70%. Prevalence of depression among TB patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 51.9%. Previous study reported the determinants related to the depression in MDR-TB patients. This study explored the prevalence of depression in MDR-TB patients and its determinants.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from July-August 2019. Data consisted of primary and secondary data from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital patients. Sample in this study involved 72 respondents, over 16 years old from 151 registered MDR-TB patients. Depression status was determined using Depression Anxiety Stress Scales obtained from the medical record. Subjects’ characteristics and determinants were collected from primary as well as secondary data. Descriptive data were presented in proportion. Chi-square test continued by Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the association between depression status and its determinants. A P-value
Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms of Petrol Station Attendants in Central and North Jakarta and Its Contributing Factors
Authors: Ramadhany Putri Suci , Yunus Faisal , Susanto Agus Dwi 
Published: April 2021

Background: To satisfy growing needs of petrol consumption in big city many new petrol stations has been built. Petrol station attendant is considered to have high risk exposure to dangerous pollutant from motor vehicle emission and petrol fumes, especially while filling up petrol tanks. Combination of those exhaust and petrol fumes is suspected to cause the reduction of lung function.
Methods: This research is a cross sectional study in petrol station in Central Jakarta and North Jakarta region between August 2017 and February 2018. A total of 97 petrol station attendants were taken in this research using consecutive sampling technique. The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires, spirometry and chest radiograph. Measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matter 2,5 (PM 2,5) and steam gasoline (benzene) concentrations were performed at the study sites.
Results: In this study, 56.7% normal spirometry results, 42.3% abnormalities in the form of restriction, 1% obstruction and none of which experienced mixed disorders of restriction and obstruction. Most subjects (84.6%) did not experience respiratory complaints, 10.3% had a dry cough and 5.1% complained of cough with phlegm. There was a statistically significant association between peak expiratory flow and duration of work (p=0.011), but no significant association with other parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), %FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), %FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC.
Conclusion: Prevalence of lung function abnormalities of petrol station attendant is 43,3% and respiratory symptoms at 15,4% subject.
El aparato de gobierno y justicia indiano a partir de las reformas ovandinas
Authors: Diego-Fernández Sotelo Rafael 
Published: April 2021

Tres son los momentos constitutivos del gobierno indiano desde finales del siglo XV al XVI. En una primera instancia, bajo la tutela de los Reyes Católicos, se fijan sólidamente los pilares políticos del edificio indiano a partir de las bulas papales, los tratados internacionales entre Castilla y Portugal, y las capitulaciones de descubrimiento, conquista y colonización; en una segunda etapa, con la creación del Consejo de Indias por Carlos V, en 1524, se fundan la mayor parte de las Reales Audiencias indianas, que serán la base de la división político-territorial del Nuevo Mundo; finalmente, Felipe II encomendará a Juan de Ovando la visita al Consejo de Indias en 1568, que luego presidirá entre 1571 y 1575, cuando se termina de constituir el aparato de gobierno indiano que se mantendrá hasta que la dupla de Carlos III y José de Gálvez introduzcan las llamadas reformas borbónicas.
Presentación: Etnicidad en el Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Allpanchis Revista 
Published: April 2021

El contexto historiográfico del bicentenario de las independencias hispanoamericanas ha orientado la mirada de los historiadores al panorama político-cultural del denominado Antiguo Régimen, término utilizado por los revolucionarios franceses para referirse al orden social enteramente diferente al sistema republicano, edificado de forma racionalmente utópica sobre los principios liberales. En efecto, la construcción del Estado-nación supuso un radical cambio de las formas políticas y de los supuestos culturales sobre los que se había edificado un orden político de tres siglos, con representaciones e imaginarios fuertes y duraderos que legitimaban una monarquía católica, un cuerpo jurídico compuesto por leyes civiles y canónicas, y un concepto de justicia que presuponía el reconocimiento de diferencias étnicas y estamentales para ejercer justicia según el estado y condición de cada uno.
La cosmovisión intelectual del Perú virreinal previo a la Independencia
Authors: Vargas Ezquerra Juan Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

El virrey de la época optó por una política de conciliación y acercamiento a las élites americanas, especialmente a los intereses ya concedidos por la política borbónica del siglo XVIII. Su política en el Perú no fue innovadora ni mucho menos abrupta, sino continuadora de un proceso de acercamiento —que ya había comenzado— entre el gobierno virreinal y las élites limeñas. La habilidad política del español le permitió sobrevivir en una situación potencialmente peligrosa, en la cual la élite limeña, sinuosa e intrigante como siempre, estaba buscando maneras de promover sus propios intereses. Pero el reflujo de ideas también se produjo en los claustros universitarios de San Marcos y San Antonio, sitos en las dos principales ciudades peruanas, Lima y Cusco, en los que tan pronto debatían escolásticos y novatores como se leían clandestinamente obras de L'Encyclopèdie bajo la constante mirada, entre condescendiente y atenta, del virrey del Perú.
Con más nobleza que la que ha tenido el orbe entero: La vindicatio indianorum de Ventura Travada (c. 1752) y el tópico del «racismo colonial» en el Perú
Authors: Sánchez Martínez César Félix 
Published: April 2021

Reducir la complejidad de la subjetividad andina del periodo virreinal a las muchas veces anacrónicas categorías de constructos ideológicos modernos puede ser una tentación constante en los ámbitos académicos y mediáticos de reflexión sobre el Perú. En este artículo indagaremos sobre esta complejidad y sobre la validez y consistencia del tópico del supuesto «racismo colonial» de la mano, preferentemente, de un letrado virreinal de provincias, el padre Buenaventura Fernández de Córdoba y Peredo (1695-1758), párroco de pueblos de indios en la diócesis de Arequipa, más conocido por su nombre de pluma Ventura Travada, autor de El Suelo de Arequipa convertido en Cielo (c.1752).
La producción textual en español en la América colonial: reflexiones en torno a la «información» y la «autoría»
Authors: Oesterreicher (+) Wulf 
Published: April 2021

De modo selectivo y ejemplar, el artículo presenta una aproximación a la producción textual en español durante el periodo colonial americano. Las reflexiones ofrecidas ponen de relieve el interés y la complejidad de la extensa pluralidad textual aludida desde la consideración de la «información» y la «autoría».
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Liver: Evolution of the World Experts Opinions from 2012 to 2020
Authors: Borsukov A. V. 
Published: April 2021

The article considers two publications 2012 and 2020 of expert groups of the World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) and European Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB), which provides clinical recommendations for contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the liver.These recommendations are considered from the perspective of the change vector in the expert opinions. The analysis of the scientific substantiation of the differences in ultrasound semiotics of liver pathology depending on contrast phases in the format of evidence-based medicine is made.
Analysis of the Density Characteristics of Giant Cell Bone Tumors Treated with Denosumab According to CT Findings
Authors: Tabakaev S. A. , Frolova I. G. , Anisenya I. I. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Vasilyev N. V. , Grigoriev E. G. , Sitnikov P. K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a relatively common benign bone tumor, accounting for 4–9.5 % of all primary bone neoplasms. Localization of GCTB is one of the most important differential diagnostic criteria, since the tumor affects certain parts of the skeleton. Until now, surgical treatment was considered the method of choice in the treatment of GCTB. However, in recent years, denosumab, a genetically engineered drug, has been widely used to treat this tumor. Denosumab treatment of GCTB prevents further tumor progression and reduces tumor size. Histological examination of the surgical specimen is undoubtedly the most objective method for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment. However, it is sometimes necessary to get information regarding the effectiveness of conservative therapy.Purpose: To analyze the density characteristics of denosumab-treated GCTB using CT densitometry.Material and methods: The study included 15 patients aged 28–59 years with histologically verified giantcell tumor, who received denosumab treatment followed by surgery. Tumor structure was assessed before starting denosumab therapy, after 3 and 6 courses of denosumab therapy.Results: Changes in the density parameters (the mean tumor density, standard deviation of density, increase in the median tumor density and standard deviation of density, index of the relative density of the tumor) measured by CT images were analyzed. These changes were statistically significant in GCTB patients before initiating therapy with denosumab, and after 3 and 6 courses of denosumab therapy.Conclusion: Thus, CT densitometry is a useful tool for assessing the density characteristics of the tumor in GCS patients treated denosumab.
Analysis of Key Radiographic Characteristics of Early Invasive Breast Cancer, Stages T₁ₐ₋bN₀M₀ and DCIS
Authors: Alieva G. S. , Korzhenkova G. P. , Kolyadina I. V. 
Published: April 2021

Relevance: The systematization of radiological signs of microcarcinomas will increase the frequency of detection of the disease at an early stage and maximize the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.Purpose: To assess the key radiological characteristics of early forms of breast cancer (invasive tumors up to 1.0 cm and ductal carcinoma in situ).Material and methods: The key radiological characteristics were studied in 110 patients with verified early forms of breast cancer: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive breast cancer up to 1 cm in size according to the morphological examination of the surgical material in the absence of signs of regional and distant metastasis — stage p T₁ₐ₋bN₀M₀.Results: The main radiological signs detected in mammography (MG) in early breast cancer were the nodular mass without microcalcifications — in 26 cases (23.9 %), the nodule and microcalcifications — in 35 cases (32.1 %), in 27 patients (24.8 %) — microcalcifications without a tumor node. In addition, in 17 cases (15.6 %) there was a violation of the architectonics or focal asymmetry, and in 4 patients (3.7 %) no signs of a malignant process were revealed at all with MG. The revealed changes in the breast in most patients (83 cases, 76.1 %) were interpreted as BIRADS 5, which indicates an extremely high probability of the presence of a malignant neoplasm. In 9 cases (8.3 %) after mammography, the diagnosis was interpreted as BIRADS 4, in 16 (14.7 %) cases the category BIRADS 0 was assigned, which required additional examination methods, and only in 1 patient (0.9 %) the revealed changes were interpreted as benign.Conclusions: Mammography performed in 92 patients (84.4 %), based on the assessment of radiological signs, to establish the BIRADS 4/5 category, which served as the basis for performing a biopsy and verifying the diagnosis. However, in 15 % there were diagnostic difficulties in interpreting the data, which confirms the data of the world literature on the complexity of the differential diagnosis of microcarcinomas.
Intelligence test items varying in capacity demands cannot be used to test the causality of working memory capacity for fluid intelligence
Authors: Frischkorn Gidon T. , Oberauer Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is a strong relationship between fluid intelligence and working memory capacity (WMC). Yet, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this relationship remain elusive. The capacity hypothesis states that this relationship is due to limitations in the amount of information that can be stored and held active in working memory. Previous research aimed at testing the capacity hypothesis assumed that it implies stronger relationships of intelligence test performance with WMC for test items with higher capacity demands. The present article addresses this assumption through simulations of three theoretical models implementing the capacity hypothesis while systematically varying different psychometric variables. The results show that almost any relation between the capacity demands of items and their correlation with WMC can be obtained. Therefore, the assumption made by previous studies does not hold: The capacity hypothesis does not imply stronger correlations of WMC and intelligence test items with higher capacity demands. Items varying in capacity demands cannot be used to test the causality of WMC (or any other latent variable) for fluid intelligence.
Peculiarities of Industry-Specific Terms Translation from English into Russian (on the basis of construction terminology)
Authors: Квач Ю.А. 
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются способы перевода английских строительных терминов на русский язык, семантические и структурные различия строительных терминов в английском языке и их русских эквивалентов. Исследование приемов, применяемых для перевода английских строительных терминов, показывает, что наиболее распространенными способами перевода простых терминов является подбор эквивалента, транскрипция и транслитерация, в то время как для перевода многокомпонентных терминов применяются различные лексические трансформации, а также перестановки и грамматические замены. Применение трансформаций позволяет учитывать типологические различия английского и русского языков, а также адекватно передавать содержание термина. Перевод многокомпонентных терминов может вызывать определенные трудности, так как для передачи их точного значения важно правильно определить границы термина, выделить главные
и зависимые слова, учесть при переводе часто наблюдаемые изменения исходного количества компонентов.
The article deals with means of construction terminology translation from English into Russian language. The paper presents semantic and structural differences of construction terminology in the English language
and their Russian equivalents. The research of methods used for translation of English construction terminology shows that the most commonly used methods of simple terms translation are the search of equivalents, transcription and transliteration, while multicomponent terms are commonly translated with the help of different lexical transformations, transposition and grammatical substitution. Translation transformations make it possible to account for typological differences of the English and Russian languages and also to adequately convey the meaning of a term. Translation of multicomponent terms may present some problems as for delivering their precise meaning it is
important to correctly define their boundaries and also to elicit nuclear and determinative components. It is worth noting that the number of components in a translated term may differ from that of the original term.
The Poetic Function of Language as a Guarantee Ensuring the Authenticity of Translation
Authors: Колкер Я.М. 
Published: April 2021

О поэтической функции языка пишут немного и редко. И только недавно С. Т. Золян счел нужным напомнить лингвистической общественности, что в 2021 году исполняется 100 лет идее Р. О. Якобсона о поэтической функции языка и о ее плодотворном влиянии на развитие лингвистической науки. В нашей статье, посвященной приему как одному из компонентов поэтической функции языка, художественный прием рассматривается, с одной стороны, как выразительное средство языка оригинала поэтического текста, а с другой стороны — как способ достижения функциональной эквивалентности поэтического перевода. Материал исследования — стихи великого русского поэта Ф. И. Тютчева — как нельзя лучше соответствует поставленной задаче. Тютчев, поэт и переводчик, понимал роль перевода в реализации поэтической функции языка. Более того, он помнил, что именно поэтическая функция языка объединяет посыл поэта и мастерство переводчика в «формообразующее» целое. Он также помнил, что перевод является способом исследования языка, так как при переводе выбор нужного слова и структуры определяет достоверность использования языка вообще и служит критерием коммуникативной валидности как формы, так и содержания. Поэтому русские поэты, и Тютчев в частности, относятся к переводу как к действенному инструменту совершенствования языка во всех присущих ему функциях.
Перевод стихотворений Тютчева на английский язык выполнен автором статьи.
The poetic function of language is not receiving due attention in linguistic studies. We have been recently reminded by Professor S. Zolyan that exactly a century ago the concept of the poetic function of language, destined to promote linguistic science, was introduced by Roman Jacobson. Our paper discusses poetic translation focusing on an important component of the poetic function, — that of poetic device. The latter is treated in broader terms than stylistics usually intends. For the author of the paper, a poetic device, whether used by the poet or by the translator, whether a local device or one operating on the textual level, is a functional mechanism (e. g., such as contrast or analogy) rather than a specific trope or figure of speech. If, employed in translation, it performs the same function as
in the source language text, the authenticity of translation is guaranteed. For poetic material we turned to F. I. Tiutchev’s lyrics. Being a skillful translator, the great Russian poet was keenly aware of the poetic function of language, which brings the message of the poet and its rendering by a translator into an entity, a unity of form and content, with the poetic function serving as an instrument of perfecting the language in all its other functions.
The verses have been translated by the author of the article.
Research on Multiwavelength Isolated Bright Points Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Xu Li , Yang Yunfei , Yan Yihua , Zhang Yin , Bai Xianyong , Liang Bo , Dai Wei , Feng Song , Cao Wenda 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multiwavelength bright points (BPs) are taken to be cross sections of magnetic flux tubes extending from the surface of the photosphere upward to the higher photosphere. We aim to study the characteristics of isolated multiwavelength BPs using the cotemporal and cospatial TiO band and Hα line wings from the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. A deep-learning method, based on Track Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks, is proposed to detect, segment, and match the BPs across multiple wavelength observations, including the TiO, Hα + 1 Å, Hα − 1 Å, Hα + 0.8 Å, and Hα − 0.8 Å line wings. Based on the efficient detection and matching result with a precision of 0.98, 1283 groups of BPs matched in all five wavelengths are selected for statistics analysis. The characteristic values of the BPs observed at the same red and blue line wings are averaged. For the BPs of the TiO, averaged Hα ± 1 Å, and averaged Hα ± 0.8 Å line wings, the mean equivalent diameters are 162 ± 32, 254 ± 33, and 284 ± 28 km, respectively. The maximum intensity contrasts are 1.11 ± 0.09, 1.05 ± 0.03, and 1.05 ± 0.02

, respectively. The mean eccentricities are 0.65 ± 0.14, 0.63 ± 0.11, and 0.65 ± 0.11, respectively. Moreover, the characteristic ratios of each Hα ± 1 Å and Hα ± 0.8 Å BP to its corresponding TiO BP are derived. Hα ± 1 Å and Hα ± 0.8 Å line wings BPs show 60% and 80% increases compared to TiO BPs, respectively. With increasing height, most BPs almost keep their shapes. This work is helpful for modeling the three-dimensional structure of flux tubes.