bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Rare Earth Material (EuOCl) with Ultra‐Narrow Photoluminescence at Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Ping , Li Zexin , Li Dongyan , Pi Lejing , Liu Xitao , Luo Junhua , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh color purity and color rendition of 2D luminescent materials have long been pursued for applications in low‐dimensional lighting, display, biolabeling, and laser. However, the reported photoluminescence (PL) linewidth of most 2D luminescent materials is about dozens of meV. Herein, a brand‐new luminescent system of 2D rare earth (RE) material EuOCl (1.1 nm) with ultra‐narrow linewidth (1.2 meV) at room temperature is successfully synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The linewidth of EuOCl flakes at room temperature is even narrower than most 2D luminescent materials and heterostructures detected at below 10 K. Impressively, the as‐synthesized EuOCl flakes show abnormal temperature‐dependent photoluminescent properties, which is absolutely different from the relatively stable 4f–4f transitions in RE owing to shielding from outer shell electrons. J‐mixing effect has been successfully applied for this phenomenon. Undoubtedly, luminescent 2D EuOCl flakes will open new territory for the applications of 2D RE materials in the 2D luminescent areas, especially for the applications at room temperature.
Batch Fabrication of High‐Quality Infrared Chalcogenide Microsphere Resonators
Authors: Xie Yu , Cai Dawei , Pan Jing , Zhou Ning , Gao Yixiao , Jin Yingying , Jiang Xiaoshun , Qiu Jianrong , Wang Pan , Guo Xin , Tong Limin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOptical microsphere resonators working in the near‐ and mid‐infrared regions are highly required for a variety of applications, such as optical sensors, filters, modulators, and microlasers. Here, a simple and low‐cost approach is reported for batch fabrication of high‐quality chalcogenide glass (ChG) microsphere resonators by melting high‐purity ChG powders in an oil environment. Q factors as high as 1.2 × 106 (7.4 × 105) are observed in As2S3 (As2Se3) microspheres (≈30 µm in diameter) around 1550‐nm wavelength. Smaller microspheres with sizes around 10 µm also show excellent resonant responses (Q ≈ 2.5 × 105). Based on the mode splitting of an azimuthal mode in a microsphere resonator, eccentricities as low as ≈0.13% (≈0.17%) for As2S3 (As2Se3) microspheres are measured. Moreover, by coupling ChG microspheres with a biconical As2S3 fiber taper, Q factors of ≈1.7 × 104 (≈1.6 × 104) are obtained in As2S3 (As2Se3) microspheres in the mid‐infrared region (around 4.5 µm). The high‐quality ChG microspheres demonstrated here are highly attractive for near‐ and mid‐infrared optics, including optical sensing, optical nonlinearity, cavity quantum electrodynamics, microlasers, nanofocusing, and microscopic imaging.
Ownership structure, corruption, and capital investment: Evidence from firms in selected Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Okafor Godwin , Ede Obiajulu , Chijoke‐Mgbame Aruoriwo M. , Ohalehi Paschal , Mgbame Oscar C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the relationship between ownership structure, corruption, and capital investments in firms operating in a selected sample of Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Using a sample of an unbalanced panel of firms over different time periods that ranged from 2003 to 2016, and estimating with the fixed effects technique, we find that foreign ownership and bribery payments have positive and negative effects, respectively, on the capital investment of firms. Furthermore, the marginal effects analysis reveals that the effects of ownership structure and bribery payments differ significantly across our selected sample of countries and across different firm sizes. Policy implications were deduced from the findings.
Evaluation of an evidence‐based veterinary medicine exercise for instruction in clinical year of veterinary medicine program
Authors: Gibbons Philippa M. , Anderson Stacy L. , Robertson Stanley , Thurman Faythe K. , Hunt Julie A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based veterinary medicine (EBVM) is a fundamental core competency for new graduates. Our objectives were to evaluate clinical students’ use, understanding of, and confidence in EBVM before undertaking an exercise consisting of an hour seminar in conjunction with a medical librarian, followed by a journal club and to evaluate students’ knowledge of and ability to apply EBVM following the exercise.MethodsIn this cohort study, students undertaking a large animal ambulatory rotation completed questionnaires before the seminar, following the journal club, and at graduation. Students took a Fresno test evaluating EBVM knowledge at the end of the rotation.ResultsPrior to the seminar, 94% of students defined EBVM at least somewhat accurately, and 51% reported EBVM was at least 'quite important'. During previous rotations, 71% of students had performed literature searches to answer a clinician‐assigned question; 89% had done this to answer their own questions. Students with previous research or EBVM training were more likely to perform self‐directed literature searches. The most frequently used resource was textbooks. Eighty‐seven per cent and 90% of students found the seminar and journal club, respectively, at least moderately useful in improving EBVM knowledge.ConclusionsOur results support the inclusion of an EBVM exercise during the clinical year and suggest spaced repetition may be helpful in teaching this topic.
Concepts, models, and methods in computational heterogeneous catalysis illustrated throughCO2conversion
Authors: Morales‐García Ángel , Viñes Francesc , Gomes José R. B. , Illas Francesc 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTheoretical investigations and computational studies have notoriously contributed to the development of our understanding of heterogeneous catalysis during the last decades, when powerful computers have become generally available and efficient codes have been written that can make use of the new highly parallel architectures. The outcomes of these studies have shown not only a predictive character of theory but also provide inputs to experimentalists to rationalize their experimental observations and even to design new and improved catalysts. In this review, we critically describe the advances in computational heterogeneous catalysis from different viewpoints. We firstly focus on modeling because it constitutes the first key step in heterogenous catalysis where the systems involved are tremendously complex. A realistic description of the active sites needs to be accurately achieved to produce trustable results. Secondly, we review the techniques used to explore the potential energy landscape and how the information thus obtained can be used to bridge the gap between atomistic insight and macroscale experimental observations. This leads to the description of methods that can describe the kinetic aspects of catalysis, which essentially encompass microkinetic modeling and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The puissance of computer simulations in heterogeneous catalysis is further illustrated by choosing CO2conversion catalyzed by different materials for most of which a comparison between computational information and experimental data is available. Finally, remaining challenges and a near future outlook of computational heterogeneous catalysis are provided.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials ScienceStructure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Copulae: An overview and recent developments
Authors: Größer Joshua , Okhrin Ostap 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOver the decades that have passed since they were introduced, copulae still remain a very powerful tool for modeling and estimating multivariate distributions. This work gives an overview of copula theory and it also summarizes the latest results. This article recalls the basic definition, the most important cases of bivariate copulae, and it then proceeds to a sketch of how multivariate copulae are developed both from bivariate copulae and from scratch. Regarding higher dimensions, the focus is on hierarchical Archimedean, vine, and factor copulae, which are the most often used and most flexible ways to introduce copulae to multivariate distributions. We also provide an overview of how copulae can be used in various fields of data science, including recent results. These fields include but are not limited to time series and machine learning. Finally, we describe estimation and testing methods for copulae in general, their application to the presented copula structures, and we give some specific testing and estimation procedures for those specific copulae.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Models > Multivariate Models
Statistical Models > Semiparametric Models
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Regulation of mating and mating‐type‐specific genes in Zygosaccharomyces sp. yeast
Authors: Ogata Tomoo , Kuroki Katsuaki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractZygosaccharomyces sp. is an industrially important yeast for the production traditional fermented foods in Japan. At present, however, there is no easy method for mating Zygosaccharomyces sp. strains in the laboratory; furthermore, little is known about the expression of mating‐type‐specific genes in this yeast. Here, mating was observed when Zygosaccharomyces sp. was subjected to nitrogen‐starvation conditions. The expression of mating‐type‐specific genes, Zygo STE6 and Zygo MFα1, was induced under nitrogen‐starvation conditions, as confirmed by lacZ reporter assay. This expression was mating‐type‐specific: Zygo STE6 was expressed specifically for mating‐type a, whereas and Zygo MFα1 was expressed specifically for mating‐type α. Yeast strains Zygosaccharomyces rouxii DL2 and DA2, derived from type strain Z. rouxii CBS732, did not show mating even under nitrogen‐starvation conditions. Gene sequencing revealed that the Zygo STE12 in Z. rouxii CBS732 has a frameshift mutation. Under nitrogen starvation, mating was observed in both DL2 and DA2 transformed with the wild‐type Zygo STE12. The expression of Zygo STE6 in Z. rouxii DL2 transformed with wild‐type Zygo STE12 under nitrogen‐starvation conditions was confirmed by lacZ reporter assay. Collectively, these results revealed that, under nitrogen‐starvation conditions, Zygosaccharomyces sp. can mate and mating‐type‐specific genes are expressed. Furthermore, Zygo Ste12 is essential for both mating and the expression of mating‐type‐specific genes in Zygosaccharomyces sp.
Coarse median algebras: the intrinsic geometry of coarse median spaces and their intervals
Authors: Niblo Graham A. , Wright Nick , Zhang Jiawen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper establishes a new combinatorial framework for the study of coarse median spaces, bridging the worlds of asymptotic geometry, algebra and combinatorics. We introduce a simple and entirely algebraic notion of coarse median algebra which simultaneously generalises the concepts of bounded geometry coarse median spaces and classical discrete median algebras. We study the coarse median universe from the perspective of intervals, with a particular focus on cardinality as a proxy for distance. In particular we prove that the metric on a quasi-geodesic coarse median space of bounded geometry can be constructed up to quasi-isometry using only the coarse median operator. Finally we develop a concept of rank for coarse median algebras in terms of the geometry of intervals and show that the notion of finite rank coarse median algebra provides a natural higher dimensional analogue of Gromov’s concept of $$\delta $$
δ
-hyperbolicity.
Conflicting Guidelines: A Systematic Review on the Proper Interval for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Molenaar Charlotte J. L. , Janssen Loes , van der Peet Donald L. , Winter Desmond C. , Roumen Rudi M. H. , Slooter Gerrit D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTimely treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) is a quality indicator in oncological care. However, patients with CRC might benefit more from preoperative optimization rather than rapid treatment initiation. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the definition of the CRC treatment interval, (2) to study international recommendations regarding this interval and (3) to study whether length of the interval is associated with outcome.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the literature in June 2020 through MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, complemented with a web search and a survey among colorectal surgeons worldwide. Full‐text papers including subjects with CRC and a description of the treatment interval were included.ResultsDefinition of the treatment interval varies widely in published studies, especially due to different starting points of the interval. Date of diagnosis is often used as start of the interval, determined with date of pathological confirmation. The end of the interval is rather consistently determined with date of initiation of any primary treatment. Recommendations on the timeline of the treatment interval range between and within countries from two weeks between decision to treat and surgery, to treatment within seven weeks after pathological diagnosis. Finally, there is no decisive evidence that a longer treatment interval is associated with worse outcome.ConclusionsThe interval from diagnosis to treatment for CRC treatment could be used for prehabilitation to benefit patient recovery. It may be that this strategy is more beneficial than urgently proceeding with treatment.
Interdecadal changes in synoptic transient eddy activity over the Northeast Pacific and their role in tropospheric Arctic amplification
Authors: Xiao Dong , Ren Hongli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractArctic amplification refers to the greater surface warming of the Arctic than of other regions during recent decades. A similar phenomenon occurs in the troposphere and is termed “tropospheric Arctic amplification” (TAA). The poleward eddy heat flux and eddy moisture flux are critical to Arctic warming. In this study, we investigate the synoptic transient eddy activity over the North Pacific associated with TAA and its relationship with the subtropical jet stream, and propose the following mechanism. A poleward shift of the subtropical jet axis results in anomalies of the meridional gradient of zonal wind over the North Pacific, which drive a meridional dipole pattern of synoptic transient wave intensity over the North Pacific, referred to as the North Pacific Synoptic Transient wave intensity Dipole (NPSTD). The NPSTD index underwent an interdecadal shift in the late 1990s accompanying that of the subtropical jet stream. During the positive phase of the NPSTD index, synoptic eddy heat flux transports more heat to the Arctic Circle, and the eddy heat flux diverges, increasing Arctic temperature. This mechanism highlights the need to consider synoptic transient eddy activity over the North Pacific as the link between the mean state of the North Pacific subtropical upper jet and TAA.
Factors associated with mortality in older patients sustaining pelvic or acetabular fractures
Authors: Harrison Anna , Ordas-Bayon Alejandro , Chimutengwende-Gordon Mukai , Fortune Mary , Chou Daud , Hull Peter , Carrothers Andrew , Rawal Jaikirty 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to investigate potential factors, including delay to surgical stabilisation, affecting mortality in older patients sustaining pelvic or acetabular (PA) fractures.

Materials and methods
A retrospective review of the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was performed to identify older patients (aged 65 and over) sustaining PA fractures treated surgically in a UK Major Trauma Centre (MTC) between 2015 and 2019. Chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to compare 1-year mortality rates following operative intervention between patients treated within 72 h and after 72 h. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to visualise survival probability; significant predictors of survival were found using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
Of 564 older patients with PA fractures, 70 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 76.1 years. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 20%. When patients were grouped by time to surgery (fracture fixation within or greater than 72 h), there was no statistically significant difference in 1-year mortality. Patients whose surgery was delayed more than 72 h were more likely to have longer hospital stays (p = 0.002) or to have suffered from polytrauma (p = 0.025). Age, Charlson Co-morbidities Index (CCI) and pre-op mobility status were associated with statistically significant differences in overall mortality. The same factors were associated with a significantly increased hazard of death in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Patient gender, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 and head injury were not significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Surgical intervention within 72 h of injury did not result in decreased mortality in older patients with PA fractures. The 1-year mortality rate between older PA fractures and hip fractures was comparable. Consideration should be given to a combined multidisciplinary approach between orthogeriatric and expert PA surgeons for these patients.
Treatment success after rhinosurgery: an evaluation of subjective and objective parameters
Authors: Martin M. M. , Hauck K. , von Witzleben A. , Lindemann J. , Scheithauer M. O. , Hoffmann T. K. , Sommer F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Septal deviation and nose deformities are widely prevalent. As a consequence, patients may complain about difficulties in nasal breathing leading to a perception of diminished disease-specific quality of life. In a prospective randomized trial, we aimed to analyse the outcome of septoplasty (SPL) and septorhinoplasty (SRP) on patient satisfaction.

Methods
Patients with functional indication for SPL (n = 19) or SRP (n = 54) were included and randomized for additional turbinoplasty. Preoperative clinical symptoms were collected with SNOT-20 GAV (Sinu-nasal outcome test-20—German adapted version) and NOSE© (nasal obstruction symptom evaluation) questionnaires. The final evaluation of treatment success was performed 9 months after surgery with SNOT-20 GAV, NOSE© and a self-established feedback questionnaire. Nasal breathing and obstruction were objectively measured with rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry [minimum cross-sectional area 2 (MCA2)].

Results
Minimum cross-sectional area 2 was statistically improved compared to the pre-treatment value in SPL (p = 0.0004) and SRP (p = 0.0001). Regarding MCA2 values of matched patient groups, similar findings were detected (SPL: p = 0.0013, SRP: p < 0.0001).
Sinu-nasal outcome test-20 GAV and NOSE© scores were significantly reduced after both surgical procedures (NOSE©: SPL: p < 0.0001, SRP: p < 0.0001; SNOT-20 GAV: SPL: p = 0.0068, SRP: p < 0.0001). Evaluation of patient satisfaction in a self-established feedback questionnaire revealed a motivation of 81% of patients to redo the surgery (SPL 13/16, SRP 34/42) and a notably general satisfaction of 86% for SPL and 80% for SRP.

Conclusion
Rhinosurgery leads to quantitative better nasal breathing and increased disease-specific satisfaction. However, this study implies the importance of the right selection of patients and the correct indication of the surgical technique.
A de novo STUB1 variant associated with an early adult-onset multisystemic ataxia phenotype
Authors: Mengel David , Traschütz Andreas , Reich Selina , Leyva-Gutiérrez Alejandra , Bender Friedemann , Hauser Stefan , Haack Tobias B. , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Biallelic STUB1 variants are a well-established cause of autosomal-recessive early-onset multisystemic ataxia (SCAR16). Evidence for STUB1 variants causing autosomal-dominant ataxia (SCA48) so far largely relies on segregation data in larger families. Presenting the first de novo occurrence of a heterozygous STUB1 variant, we here present additional qualitative evidence for STUB1-disease as an autosomal-dominant disorder.

Methods
Whole exome sequencing on an index patient with sporadic early-onset ataxia, followed by Sanger sequencing in all family members, was used to identify causative variants as well as to rule out alternative genetic hits and intronic STUB1 variants. STUB1 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs in all family members were analysed using qRT-PCR and Western Blot.

Results
A previously unreported start-lost loss-of-function variant c.3G>A in the start codon of STUB1 was identified in the index case, occurring de novo and without evidence for a second (potentially missed) variant (e.g., intronic or copy number) in STUB1. The patient showed an early adult-onset multisystemic ataxia complicated by spastic gait disorder, distal myoclonus and cognitive dysfunction, thus closely mirroring the systems affected in autosomal-recessive STUB1-associated disease. In line with the predicted start-lost effect of the variant, functional investigations demonstrated markedly reduced STUB1 protein expression in PBMCs, whereas mRNA levels were intact.

Conclusion
De novo occurrence of the loss-of-function STUB1 variant in our case with multisystemic ataxia provides a qualitatively additional line of evidence for STUB1-disease as an autosomal-dominant disorder, in which the same neurological systems are affected as in its autosomal-recessive counterpart. Moreover, this finding adds support for loss-of-function as a mechanism underlying autosomal-dominant STUB1-disease, thus mirroring its autosomal-recessive counterpart also in terms of the underlying mutational mechanism.
A clinical evaluation of VO2 kinetics in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Patti Alessandro , Neunhaeuserer Daniel , Ortolan Sara , Roman Fausto , Gasperetti Andrea , Battista Francesca , Di Bella Caterina , Gobbo Stefano , Bergamin Marco , Furian Lucrezia , Ermolao Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in patients with chronic kidney disease, partly due to alterations at the muscular and microvascular level. This study evaluated oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics as indicator of muscular oxidative metabolism in a population of Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTRs).

Methods
Two groups of KTRs enrolled 3 (n = 21) and 12 months (n = 14) after transplantation and a control group of healthy young adults (n = 16) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on cycle-ergometer. The protocol consisted in two subsequent constant, moderate-load exercise phases with a final incremental test until exhaustion.

Results
The time constant of VO2 kinetics was slower in KTRs at 3 and 12 months after transplantation compared to controls (50.4 ± 13.1 s and 43.8 ± 11.6 s vs 28.9 ± 8.4 s, respectively; P < 0.01). Peak VO2 was lower in KTRs evaluated 3 months after transplantation compared to patients evaluated after 1 year (21.3 ± 4.3 and 26.4 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; P = 0.04). Blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was higher in KTRs evaluated at 12 months (12.8 ± 1.7 vs 14.6 ± 1.7 g/dL; P < 0.01). Among KTRs, τ showed a moderate negative correlation with Peak VO2 (ρ = − 0.52) and Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) (r = − 0.57) while no significant correlation with Hb and peak heart rate.

Conclusions
KTRs show slower VO2 kinetics compared to healthy controls. Hb and peak VO2 seem to improve during the first year after transplantation. VO2 kinetics were significantly associated with indices of cardiorespiratory fitness, but less with central determinants of aerobic capacity, thus suggesting a potential usefulness of adding this index of muscular oxidative metabolism to functional evaluation in KTRs.