bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slamming of Composite Yacht Hull Panels
Authors: Lake Susan , Eaglen Michael , Jones Brian , Battley Mark 
Published: May 2021

The principles of designing sandwich panels for slamming loads include selecting the correct core materials and understanding the fundamental loading differences between static uniformly distributed pressure loads and slamming induced pressure pulses. This paper will discuss the two issues in detail.
The results demonstrate that the testing method used for characterisation of core materials can have a significant effect on the shear strength obtained, and that slam loaded panels are subjected to higher shear loads relative to bending than is the case for uniform pressure loaded panels. The combination of these factors results in significant performance advantages for high-elongation foam cores in slam loaded hull panels.
Effect of extreme temperature changes on phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Alhaithloul Haifa A.S. , Galal Fatma H. , Seufi AlaaEddeen M. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Climatic changes are the most important abiotic factor affecting plant growth, crop quality and nutritional value. Plants exposed to thermal stress respond by accumulation of secondary metabolites/molecules (SMs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a cosmopolitan crop, eaten by most of the world’s people because it is highly nutritious plant. It is cultivated in more than 16 thousand hectares in Saudi Arabia and thus is influenced by extreme climatic changes.

Objective
In the current study, the phytochemical effect of thermal stress was investigated in seedlings of S. lycopersicum. Such information will be very helpful in developing more tolerant tomato cultivars in a climate change scenario.

Methods
Seedlings of S. lycopersicum were subjected to heat shock; HS1 and HS2 (45 and 50 °C) and cold shock; CS (4 °C) in comparison to control; Con (25 °C). Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were estimated under the four temperature treatments.

Results
Using 23 standards (17 phenolic and six flavonoids), HPLC resulted in the estimation of 16, 20, 15 and 18 compounds for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. Differences in the amounts of total phenolics, and total flavonoids were strongly correlated to thermal stress. CS plants exhibited the highest number of signals and the highest absolute quantities of total phenolics, flavonoids and sum of both. The major peaks of phenolics were (Chlorogenic acid, Resvertol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid, Quinol), (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) and (Vanillic acid, Benzoic acid) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. The major peaks of flavonoids were (Quercetin, Myricetin), (Quercetin, Rutin), (Quercetin, Rutin, Catechin) and (Quercetin) for Con, CS, HS1 and HS2, respectively. CS plants contain the highest amounts of Benzoic acid (8010.37 mg/kg FW) and Quercetin (2319.48 mg/kg FW). The highest TPC (131 mg GAE/100 g FW) and TFC (61 mg QE/100 g FW) were determined in the case of CS plants. In terms of IC50s, the CS plants showed the highest antioxidant activities (lowest values) in both of DPPH (467.73 µM TE/100 g FW) and ABTS (8.97 µM TE/100 g FW) assays.

Conclusions
Our findings supported that the complexity and quantity of phenolics and flavonoids in tomato’s extract are strongly related to thermal stress. Additionally, the CS plants demonstrated more desirable phytochemical profile over the other treatments. CS plants exhibited higher number, absolute amounts of SMs, higher TPC and TFC than those of Con, HS1 and HS2 plants. Additionally, CS plants showed higher antioxidant activity than that of both HS1 and HS2 plants. Such results are very useful in justifying mechanism of tolerance in tomato plant to thermal stress in the context of climate change. Additional research has turned on to reveal molecular response of tomato to such thermal stress.
Highly Crystalline Post‐Consumer PET Waste Hydrolysis by Surface Displayed PETase Using a Bacterial Whole‐Cell Biocatalyst
Authors: Gercke David , Furtmann Christoph , Tozakidis Iasson E. P. , Jose Joachim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a promising new approach for the environmentally friendly recycling of PET waste, but so far, low degradation rates paired with releatively high costs have limited the economic feasibility of this method. Here we present the construction of a new bacterial whole‐cell biocatalyst utilizing a new inverse autotranspoter based surface display of PETase in E. coli. The resulting catalyst allows an extremely easy production of large amounts of enzyme and a five times more effective degradation of PET at a lower temperature of 25 °C compared to free PETase at 30 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how rhamnolipids, which are environmentally benign and can be cost‐effectively produced using strains of E. coli, can be used to amplify the hydrolysis rates of PET even further, presumably by acting as mediators between PETase and PET. Cells displaying PETase in combination with externally supplied rhamnolipids outperformed free PETase by a factor of 16, allowing the degradation of highly crystalline post‐consumer PET waste to an extent of 8 % within 3 days at room temperature.
Propane Aromatization Tuned by Tailoring Cr Modified Ga/ZSM‐5 Catalysts
Authors: Xu Bing , Tan Minghui , Wu Xuemei , Geng Hailun , Zhao Shengying , Yao Jie , Ma Qingxiang , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Tan Yisheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccelerating propane dehydrogenation in propane aromatization is vital because it is the first and rate control step. In this study, we introduced Cr to Ga/ZSM‐5 by tuning its impregnation sequence and amount, which was expected to accelerate the dehydrogenation step and improve aromatization performance. The impregnation sequence of Cr on catalyst not only affected the interaction between Ga and ZSM‐5, but also tuned the amount of dehydrogenation active species Cr3+. Due to the plenty of Cr3+ species and strong interaction between Ga species and ZSM‐5, 2Cr/GaZ5 catalyst accelerated the dehydrogenation step and improved the aromatization process. More light hydrocarbons were preferred to be produced and were further converted into BTX on 2Cr/GaZ5 catalyst. Excessive Cr on catalyst caused the formation of Cr2O3 particles with worse dispersion. The aggregated Cr2O3 decreased the strong acidity of catalyst, which could not further promote propane conversion and decreased the aromatization ability of catalyst.
A Low‐Cost Al‐Graphite Battery with Urea and Acetamide‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Jach Franziska , Wassner Maximilian , Bamberg Max , Brendler Erica , Frisch Gero , Wunderwald Ulrike , Friedrich Jochen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the Fraunhofer IISB energy materials group of Dr. Ulrike Wunderwald and her collaborators at TU Dresden and TU Freiberg. The cover picture shows the investigation of deep eutectic solvent electrolytes for Al–graphite batteries by spectroscopic methods. Ionic speciation can be deliberately tailored by varying electrolyte compositions allowing purposeful improvement of the battery performance. This is evident from the correlation of the electrolytes’ spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.202100183.
Flavin‐Helicene Amphiphilic Hybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Preparation of Surface‐Supported Films
Authors: Jakubec Martin , Novák David , Zatloukalová Martina , Císařová Ivana , Cibulka Radek , Favereau Ludovic , Crassous Jeanne , Cytryniak Adrianna , Bilewicz Renata , Hrbáč Jan , Storch Jan , Žádný Jaroslav , Vacek Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work reports on the preparation and structural characterization of flavo[7]helicene 1 (flavin‐[7]helicene conjugate), which was subsequently characterized at the molecular level in either an aqueous environment or an organic phase, at the supramolecular level in the form of polymeric layers, and also embedded in a lipidic mesophase environment to study the resulting properties of such a hybrid relative to its parent molecules. The flavin benzo[g]pteridin‐2,4‐dione (isoalloxazine) was selected for conjugation because of its photoactivity and reversible redox behavior. Compound 1 was prepared from 2‐nitroso[6]helicene and 6‐methylamino‐3‐methyluracil, and characterized using common structural and spectroscopic tools: circular dichroism (CD), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and DFT quantum calculations. In addition, a methodology that allows the loading of 1 enantiomers into an internally nanostructured lipid (1‐monoolein) matrix was developed.
Product Line Re‐Engineering for Modularity in a US Department of Defense Project
Authors: Wood John , Tolentino Glenn 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis case study details the options evaluated and path chosen by a United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) software development organization to re‐engineer four existing products with common features into a single product‐line resulting in product sponsors taking advantage of cost savings, developers shortening implementation and testing timeframes, and users obtaining product features faster while sharing a common experience across product variants. Although the software‐intensive products were originally a product line operating from a common code repository, they diverged due to different product sponsors having differing priorities and schedule commitments. The mission scope of each variant differs leading to a commonality range of approximately 20% to 70% based on the quantity of common features. The re‐engineering options evaluated included merging common code and maintaining it in a single repository; re‐using software code while keeping it in separate repositories for each product variant; and pursuing a Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) to create common modules for insertion, updating, and replacement within any product variant without disrupting the rest of that product. With product sponsor support, the DoD project decided to pursue a hybrid approach of immediate code re‐use complemented with an agile approach to MOSA implementation. This solution allowed the project to re‐engineer the four existing product variants while still meeting sponsor, DoD, and end‐user operational needs.
Funding the PLE Factory in a Multi‐Customer Contract‐Based PLE Organization
Authors: Clements Paul 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTFeature‐based Product Line Engineering is a well‐defined, repeatable, automation‐centric PLE method that is delivering even improvements in time, cost, and quality. An organization intent on adopting it so they can reap the benefits for their product line or product lines needs a viewpoint focusing on the people involved and what they do to keep the PLE factory operational on a day‐to‐day basis. This article describes an organizational structure for Feature‐Based PLE based on the factory concept. It introduces the few roles that have no analog in other development disciplines; they are new to Feature‐Based PLE. It also describes how traditional systems engineering roles carry out traditional systems engineering tasks, but with slight PLE‐inspired extensions. Finally, we will explain why these changes are necessary.
Impressively printing patterns of gold and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Ameer Fathima S. , Ranasinghe Meenakshi , Varahagiri Shilpa , Benza Donald W. , Hu Longyu , Willett Daniel R. , Wen Yimei , Bhattacharya Sriparna , Chumanov George , Rao Apparao M. , Anker Jeffrey N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe optical and chemical properties of gold and silver nanoparticles make them useful for many applications, including surface enhanced spectroscopy‐based biosensors, photostable colorants, enhanced photovoltaic, and nanoscale optical elements. We report a simple technique to generate patterns of gold and silver nanoparticles with controlled shape and shape‐dependent optical properties using metal stamps to impress them onto a glass substrate or flexible polymers. The pressure flattens the nanoparticles, converting initially spherical nanoparticles into discs with reduced height and increased diameter. This deformation causes their localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength to red‐shift. Nanoparticles were characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dark field optical scattering spectroscopy. The deformed nanoparticle patterns had a lateral resolution limited by the nanoparticle diameter (single particles are partly flattened only where they contact the stamp). The method also (i) transfers the stamp's topography, with smooth stamps generating flattened nanoparticles with uniform height, and small changes in stamp height are evident in the nanoparticle height and scattering wavelength, and (ii) allows facile removal of undeformed nanoparticles using scotch tape, and patterns of deformed nanoparticles can be transferred to a flexible polymer film. The patterning process is simple and inexpensive. It can be performed by hand for demonstrations or artistic applications, with controlled force for plasmonics research, and potentially automated on reel‐to‐reel presses for large scale production.
Graph neural network‐based virtual network function deployment optimization
Authors: Kim Hee‐Gon , Park Suhyun , Lange Stanislav , Lee Doyoung , Heo Dongnyeong , Choi Heeyoul , Yoo Jae‐Hyoung , Hong James Won‐Ki 
Published: May 2021

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) help reduce the operating expenditure (OPEX) and capital expenditure (CAPEX) as well as increase the network flexibility and agility. However, since the network is more dynamic and heterogeneous than before, operators have problems to cope with the increased complexity of managing virtual networks and machines. This complexity is paired with strict time requirements for making management decisions; traditional mechanisms that rely on, for example, integer linear programming (ILP) models are no longer feasible. Machine learning has emerged as one of the possible solution to address network management problems to get near‐optimal solutions in a short time. However, applying machine learning to network management is also not simple and has many challenges. Especially, understanding the network environment is an important problem for designing a machine learning model. In this paper, we proposed to use graph neural network (GNN) for virtual network function (VNF) management. The proposed model solves the complex VNF management problem in a short time and gets near‐optimal solutions. We developed a model by taking into account various network environment conditions so that it can be applied in the actual network environment. Also, through in‐depth experiments, we suggested the direction of the machine learning‐based network management method.
Hepatectomy Followed by Adjuvant Chemotherapy with 3-Month Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Authors: Satake Hironaga , Hashida Hiroki , Tanioka Hiroaki , Miyake Yasuhiro , Yoshioka Shinichi , Watanabe Takanori , Matsuura Masato , Kyogoku Takahisa , Inukai Michio , Kotake Takeshi , Okita Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Yasui Hisateru , Kotaka Masahito , Kato Takeshi , Kaihara Satoshi , Tsuji Akihito 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned

Background
The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of initially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM) is still unclear. We evaluated the feasibility of 3-month adjuvant treatment with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin in combination (CAPOX) for postcurative resection of CLM.

Methods
Patients received one cycle of capecitabine followed by four cycles of CAPOX as adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection of CLM. Oral capecitabine was given as 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 2 weeks in a 3-week cycle, and CAPOX consisted of oral capecitabine plus oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 in a 3-week cycle. Primary endpoint was the completion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included recurrence-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), dose intensity, and safety.

Results
Twenty-eight patients were enrolled. Median age was 69.5 years, 54% of patients had synchronous metastases, and 29% were bilobar. Mean number of lesions resected was two, and mean size of the largest lesion was 31 mm. Among patients, 20 (71.4%; 95% confidence interval, 53.6%–89.3%) completed the protocol treatment and met its primary endpoint. The most common grade 3 or higher toxicity was neutropenia (29%). Five-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival were 65.2% and 87.2%, respectively.

Conclusion
Three-month adjuvant treatment with CAPOX is tolerable and might be a promising strategy for postcurative resection of CLM.
A Ratio Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Bisulfite and Its Application in Living Cells
Authors: Zhao Xuejun , Shen Qingguo , Sun Yan , Han Xueshun , Guan Yongxia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSulfur dioxide derivatives play excellently vital roles in numerous essential physiology and pathology processes of living systems. The abnormal levels of bisulfite/sulfite (HSO3−/SO32−) may cause the occurrence of a series of diseases, including acute symptoms of respiratory disease, brain damage, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple and effective methods to monitor the fluctuation of HSO3−/SO32−. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe ((E)‐3‐(2‐(4‐formylstyryl)‐3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐benzo[g]indol‐1‐ium‐1‐yl)propane‐1‐sulfonate, Cy‐DBPS) is devised to trace HSO3−/SO32− in living cells. In the presence of HSO3−/SO32−, the large conjugated system is destroyed by triggering the Michael addition reaction, which further induce the probe to emit a ratio of fluorescence signal. Furthermore, the probe can quickly respond to HSO3−/SO32− within 120 s and exhibits low detection limit, which provides the possibility of sensitive and real‐time detection of HSO3−/SO32− in living cells. Based on the unique advantages of high selectivity, negligible cytotoxicity and great biocompatibility, Cy‐DBPS can effectively detect exogenous and endogenous HSO3−/SO32− in HepG2 and HeLa cells. The outstanding properties of the probe Cy‐DBPS provided a great potential for the further valuable application in living cells and even deeper biological applications for HSO3−/SO32− detection.
Oxidative Damage of S‐Containing Amino Acids by the Environmental Radical NO3.: A Kinetic, Product and Computational Study
Authors: Cui Jiaxing , Nathanael Joses G. , Wille Uta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMethionine, cysteine and cystine, which were acetylated at the N‐terminus and methylated at the C‐terminus, react rapidly with the environmental nitrate radical (NO3.) with rate coefficients of 7.7×109, 3.4×109 and 2.0×109 M−1 s−1, respectively, in acetonitrile. Methionine (Ac−Met−OMe) is successively oxidized via the sulfoxide (Ac−MetO−Me) to the sulfone (Ac−MetO2−OMe), with the latter step being also extremely fast with a rate coefficient of 1.2×109 M−1 s−1. Computations predict formation of an initial charge transfer complex between NO3. and the S or SO moiety in Ac‐Met‐OMe, Ac‐MetO‐OMe and cystine (Ac−Cys(S−S)Cys‐OMe), respectively, which is followed by simultaneous S−O bond formation and NO2. expulsion. Calculations for the reaction of cysteine (Ac‐Cys‐OMe) with NO3. revealed side‐chain oxidation to give a thiyl radical or a sulfenic acid as likely pathways. These findings highlight the potential harmful impact of NO2./O3 pollution on S‐containing amino acid residues in peptides.
Rudolf Carnap und Kurt Gödel: Die beiderseitige Bezugnahme in ihren philosophischen Selbstzeugnissen
Authors: Engelen Eva-Maria 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungGegenstandes des Aufsatzes ist die gegenseitige Beeinflussung und Bezugnahme von Rudolf Carnap und Kurt Gödel in ihren jeweiligen Selbstzeugnissen während der 20er- bis 40er-Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Vergleicht bestätigt die bisherige Forschung, der zufolge Carnap auf Gödels Arbeiten der Jahre 1930 und 1931 einigen Einfluss hatte. Er zeigt darüber hinaus, dass die beiden sich größtenteils als mathematische Logiker wahrgenommen und rezipiert haben. Nach allem, was wir bisher wissen, bleibt das so hinsichtlich Carnaps Wertschätzung für Gödels Denken. Gödel wendet sich hingegen Carnap ab 1934 auch als einem philosophischen Denker zu, dessen Philosophie eine gewisse Nähe zu der von Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz aufweist, aber anders als letztere, von Gödel kritisch gesehen wird.
Eigenpsychisches und Fremdpsychisches: Rudolf Carnaps Verhältnis zur Psychologie zwischen 1928 und 1932
Authors: Feest Uljana 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungCarnaps Werk zwischen den späten 1920er- und frühen 1930er-Jahren nimmt verschiedentlich auf Begrifflichkeiten und Debatten der philosophischen und experimentellen Psychologie seiner Zeit Bezug. Diese Bezugnahmen sind jedoch nicht immer konsistent oder explizit. Beispielsweise bedient Carnap sich sowohl im Aufbau (1928) als auch in seinen Ausführungen zur Psychologie in einer physikalischen Sprache (1932) einiger Grundannahmen der experimentellen Psychologie (speziell der Psychophysik und der psychophysikalisch vorgehenden Gestaltpsychologie), führt dies jedoch nicht konsequent zu Ende. Umgekehrt sieht er seine Auffassungen zur Physikalisierung der psychologischen Sprache nicht zuletzt auch als potenzielles Korrektiv für die existierende Psychologie seiner Zeit, was bei dem Gestaltpsychologen Carl Duncker auf Unverständnis stößt. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz belege ich meine These von Carnaps spannungsvolle Verhältnis zur Psychologie und versuche, dieses Verhältnis historisch und systematisch einzuordnen.
Physikalistische Graphologie als Avantgarde der Psychologie oder Physikalismus auf Abwegen
Authors: Mormann Thomas 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Physikalisierung der Psychologie war für Carnap Teil eines Programms, das die Sonderstellung der Psychologie als Wissenschaft desmenschlichenDenkens und Fühlens als Illusion entlarven und zeigen sollte, die Psychologie sei ein Teil der Physik wie alle anderen Wissenschaften auch. In etwas anderer Motivation zielte Carnaps Physikalismus ausserdem auf eine Überwindung der Trennung von Geistes–wissenschaften und Naturwissenschaften: Erwiese sich die Psychologie sich als physikalisierbar, wäre das ein wesentlicher Schritt für die Vereinheitlichung der Wissenschaften in Gestalt einer enzyklopädischen „Einheitswissenschaft“ überhaupt.Carnaps Argument für die Physikalisierbarkeit der Psychologie als ganzer basierte auf der These der Physikalisierbarkeit derGrafologieals zentraler Teildisziplin der Psychologie. Die Grafologie sei der begrifflich am weitesten fortgeschrittene und deshalb am ehesten physikalisierbare Teil der Psychologie. Das verdanke sie in erster Linie den wegweisenden Arbeiten Ludwig Klages’. Erweise sich die Grafologie als physikalisierbar, stehe einer durchgehenden PhysikalisierungallerWissenschaften nichts mehr im Wege.Als Episode in Carnaps philosophischer Entwicklung ist dem Grafologieprojekt bis heute kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt worden. Das ist ein Versäumnis, manifestiert sich in diesem Projekt doch der allgemeine Stil des Carnapschen Philosophierens besonders deutlich, nämlich von einer sehr abstrakten und idealisierten Vorstellung von Wissenschaft ausgehend weitreichende philosophische Folgerungen zu ziehen.