bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage, an Online Tool to Support Interdisciplinary Biomimetic Design Teams
Authors: Graeff Eliot , Maranzana Nicolas , Aoussat Améziane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Implementation of biomimetics in practical innovation strategies still faces various impediments. Multidisciplinary communication is one of the most recognized one. Enabling teammates having various cognitive and conceptual frameworks to properly exchange information is a key lever for optimization. In a previous study, we performed a comparative analysis of biologists’ and engineers’ cognitive and conceptual frameworks in order to support the establishment of a shared framework of reference within biomimetic teams. This theoretical work led us to consider various guidelines, embodied in a tool, LINKAGE, guiding the team along the biomimetic process, and more specifically during analysis and abstraction steps. This article presents a first version of this free access digital tool, LINKAGE 1.2. After the description and positioning of LINKAGE, comparing with other existing tools, a testing phase involving 19 professionals divided into five interdisciplinary teams is presented. The results of this evaluation lead to the validation of some of the tool’s objectives while underlining some lines of improvements. Various perspectives on the tool’s development are also presented.
Miniature Continuum Manipulator With Three Degrees-of-Freedom Force Sensing for Retinal Microsurgery
Authors: Zhang Tianci , Ping Zhongyuan , Zuo Siyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Retinal microsurgery requires the precise manipulation of delicate tissue in the interior of the eye. Smart surgical instruments with dexterous tip and force sensing capabilities can permit surgeons to perform more flexible surgical procedures and obtain imperceptible force information, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of microsurgery. In this study, we present an intraocular continuum manipulator with three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) force sensing capabilities. A contact-aided compliant mechanism based on cutting superelastic Nitinol tubes is used to provide high dexterity. It enables two rotational DOFs at the distal end of the manipulator. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) fibers are used to provide high-resolution force measurements. Moreover, a novel Nitinol flexure was designed to achieve high axial force sensitivity. The experimental results show that the maximum bending angle of the dexterous tip is more than ±45 deg for each DOF with high repeatability. In addition, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed force sensor can provide sub-millinewton resolution. The manipulator has also been validated with an artificial eye model, demonstrating the potential clinical value of the manipulator for retinal microsurgery.
Cable Behavior Influence on Cable-Driven Parallel Robots Vibrations: Experimental Characterization and Simulation
Authors: Gueners Damien , Bouzgarrou Belhassen-Chedli , Chanal Hélène 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of cable behavior on cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) is studied. This study is conducted with the goal of designing a medium size CDPR for additive manufacturing. This robot needs to have a high level of rigidity to guarantee a given tracking tool path error. First, the characterization of different thin cables (steel, Dyneema®, aramid) is presented. The mechanical properties of these cables, in terms of stiffness, damping, hysteresis, and creep are compared with regard to additive manufacturing applications. A stiffness model, which takes into account the cable preload, and a dynamic model of CDPR are proposed. The simulations of these two models are compared with experimental results obtained for the range of cables studied using dynamic stiffness analysis on an 8-cable fully constrained CDPR. This paper concludes on the type of cable that should be chosen for our application.
A Novel Suction-and-Irrigation Laparoscopic Surgical Instrument: Internal Design and Preclinical Performance Evaluation
Authors: Yi Sang Wook 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: Laparoscopic instruments with suction and irrigation functions often lead to tissue damage during removal of the aspirated tissues, owing to the presence of aspiration into the side holes of their catheters. To address this problem, we designed a novel irrigation-and-suction catheter and assessed its preclinical efficacy.
Methods: We made structural improvements to the irrigation-suction catheter to prevent tissue aspiration through its side holes. We ran a simulation program to perform experimental assessments before printing out the catheter tip models using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. Model 1 was the control, and Models 2, 3, and 4 were the improved models. Using these, we performed 10 repetitions of 15-s suction followed by 15-s irrigation, for a total of 5 times per model. We recorded the number of aspirations that occurred through the side holes and analyzed each model using nonparametric methods.
Results: Models 2 and 3 showed fewer aspirations because the velocity and pressure around their side holes were lower than those of Model 1; this was statistically significant. On the other hand, Model 4 had a lesser preventive effect against aspiration due to higher velocity and pressure around its side holes.
Interpretation of Results: We confirmed that side-hole aspiration can be prevented with an internal structure that completely separates the irrigation and suction paths. Even if the irrigation and suction paths are not completely separated, adding a septal structure at the distal end of the catheter may prevent aspiration.
Temperature of Grinding Carbide With Castor Oil-Based MoS2 Nanofluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Sui Menghua , Li Changhe , Wu Wentao , Yang Min , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Zhang Yanbin , Jia Dongzhou , Hou Yali , Li Runze , Cao Huajun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) has better stability, higher thermal conductivity, and excellent lubrication performance compared with traditional flood lubrication. The heat transfer model and finite difference model were established to verify the feasibility of NMQL conditions in grinding cemented carbide. Based on them, the grinding temperature of cemented carbide is calculated numerically. Results show that the grinding zone temperatures of flood grinding and NMQL are lower, 85.9 °C and 143.2 °C, respectively. Surface grinding experiments of cemented carbide YG8 under different working conditions are carried out. Dry grinding (227.2 °C) is used as the control group. Grinding zone temperatures of flood grinding, minimum quantity lubrication, and NMQL decrease by 64.2%, 39.5%, and 20.4%, respectively. The error is 6.3% between theoretical calculation temperature and experimental measurement temperature. Based on machining process parameters (specific grinding force, force ratio) and experimental results (microstructure of grinding wheel, workpiece, and grinding debris), the effects of different working conditions on wheel wear are studied. NMQL achieves the highest G ratio of 6.45, the smallest specific grinding force, and the smallest Fn/Ft ratio of 2.84, which further proves that NMQL is suitable for grinding cemented carbide.
Comparison of Piston Concept Design Solutions for Composite Cycle Engines Part II: Design Considerations
Authors: Chatzianagnostou Dimitrios , Staudacher Stephan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHecto pressure composite cycle engines with piston engines and piston compressors are potential alternatives to advanced gas turbine engines. The nondimensional groups limiting their design have been introduced and generally discussed in Part I (Chatzianagnostou and Staudacher, 2018, “Comparison of Piston Concept Design Solutions for Composite Cycle Engines—Part I: Similarity Considerations,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 140(9), p. 9). Further discussion shows, that the ratio of effective power to piston surface PA characterizes the piston thermal surface load capability. The piston design and the piston cooling technology level limit its range of values. Reynolds number and the required ratio of advective to diffusive material transport limit the stroke-to-bore ratio s/d. Torsional frequency sets a limit to crankshaft length and hence cylinder number. A rule based preliminary design system for composite cycle engines is presented. Its piston engine design part is validated against data of existing piston engines. It is used to explore the design space of piston components. The piston engine design space is limited by mechanical feasibility and the crankshaft overlap resulting in a minimum stroke-to-bore ratio s/d. An empirical limitation on stroke-to-bore ratio s/d is based on existing piston engine designs. It limits the design space further. Piston compressor design does not limit the piston engine design but is strongly linked to it. The preliminary design system is applied to a composite cycle engines of 22 MW takeoff shaft power, flying a 1000 km mission. It features three 12-cylinder piston engines and three 20-cylinder piston compressors. Its specific fuel consumption and mission fuel burn are compared to an intercooled gas turbine with pressure gain combustion of similar technology readiness.
Relationship Between the Nonlocal Effect and Lagging Behavior in Bioheat Transfer
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Li Yan , Luo Pengfei , Tian Xiaogeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Lots of generalized heat conduction models have been developed in recent decades, such as local thermal nonequilibrium model, phase lagging model, and nonlocal heat conduction model. But no attempt was made to prove which model is better (or worse) than others, or whether there is a certain relationship between these different models. With this inspiration, we establish the nonlocal bioheat transfer equations with lagging time, and the two and three-temperature bioheat transfer equations with considering all the carrier's heat conduction effect are also constructed. Comparing the two (or three)-temperature equation model with the nonlocal bioheat transfer models with lagging time, one may obtain: the lagging time of temperature gradient τtand the nonlocal characteristic length λq in the space derivative items of heat flux have the same effect on heat transfer; when the heat transport occur among N energy carriers with considering the conduction effects of all carries, the heat transfer processes are dependent upon the high-order effect of τqN-1, τtN-1 and λt(2N-1) in nonlocal dual phase lag bioheat transfer model. This phenomenon is very important for biological and medical systems where numerous carriers may exist on the cellular level.
A Review On Transient Thermal Management of Electronic Devices
Authors: Mathew John , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Much effort in the area of electronics thermal management has focused on developing cooling solutions that cater to steady-state operation. However, electronic devices are increasingly being used in applications involving time-varying workloads. These include microprocessors (particularly those used in portable devices), power electronic devices such as IGBTs, and high-power semiconductor laser diode arrays. Transient thermal management solutions become essential to ensure the performance and reliability of such devices. In this review, emerging transient thermal management requirements are identified, and cooling solutions reported in the literature for such applications are presented with a focus on time scales of thermal response. Transient cooling techniques employing actively controlled two-phase microchannel heat sinks, phase change materials (PCM), heat pipes/vapor chambers, combined PCM-heat pipes/vapor chambers, and flash boiling systems are examined in detail. They are compared in terms of their thermal response times to ascertain their suitability for the thermal management of pulsed workloads associated with microprocessor chips, IGBTs, and high-power laser diode arrays. Thermal design guidelines for the selection of appropriate package level thermal resistance and capacitance combinations are also recommended.
Design Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (s-CO2) Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery From Marine Engines
Authors: Hossain Md. Jubayer , Chowdhury Jahedul Islam , Balta-Ozkan Nazmiye , Asfand Faisal , Saadon Syamimi , Imran Muhammad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The global climate change challenge and the international commitment to reduce carbon emission can be addressed by improving energy conversion efficiency and adopting efficient waste heat recovery technologies. Supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) cycles that offer a compact footprint and higher cycle efficiency are investigated in this study to utilize the waste heat of the exhaust gas from a marine diesel engine (Wärtsilä-18V50DF, 17.55 MW). Steady-state models of basic, recuperated, and reheated s-CO2 Brayton cycles are developed and optimized for network and thermal efficiency in Aspen Plus to simulate and compare their performances. Results show that the reheated cycle performs marginally better than the recuperated cycle accounting for the highest optimized network and thermal efficiency. For the reheated and recuperated cycle, the optimized network ranges 648–2860 kW and 628–2852 kW, respectively, while optimized thermal efficiency ranges are 15.2–36.3% and 14.8–35.6%, respectively. Besides, an energy efficiency improvement of 6.3% is achievable when the engine is integrated with an s-CO2 waste heat recovery system which is operated by flue gas with a temperature of 373 °C and mass flow rate of 28.2 kg/s, compared to the engine without a heat recovery system.
Three-dimensional geometry and growth of a basement-involved fault network developed during multiphase extension, Enderby Terrace, North West Shelf of Australia
Authors: Deng Hongdan , McClay Ken 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Basement fault reactivation, and the growth, interaction, and linkage with new fault segments are fundamentally three-dimensional and critical for understanding the evolution of fault network development in sedimentary basins. This paper analyzes the evolution of a complex, basement-involved extensional fault network on the Enderby Terrace on the eastern margin of the Dampier sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia. A high-resolution, depth-converted, 3-D seismic reflection data volume is used to show that multiphase, oblique extensional reactivation of basement-involved faults controlled the development of the fault network in the overlying strata. Reactivation of the pre-existing faults initially led to the formation of overlying, en échelon Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic fault segments that, as WNW-directed rifting progressed on the margin, linked by breaching of relay zones to form two intersecting fault systems (F1 and F2–F4). Further reactivation in the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (NNW-SSE extension) produced an additional set of en échelon fault arrays in the cover strata. The final fault network consists of main or principal faults and subordinate or splay faults, together with branch lines that link the various components. Our study shows that breaching of relay ramps and/or vertical linkages produces vertical and horizontal branch lines giving complex final fault geometries. We find that repeated activity of the basement-involved faults tends to form continuous and planar fault architectures that favor displacement transfer between the main constituent segments along strike and with depth.
Scleral buckling versus pars plana vitrectomy in simple phakic macula-on retinal detachment: a propensity score-matched, registry-based study
Authors: Kawano Sumihiro , Imai Takumi , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: January 2021

Background/AimsTo assess the anatomical and visual results of uncomplicated phakic macula-on retinal detachment (RD) in patients treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) or scleral buckling (SB).MethodsA retrospective cohort of patients aged <65 years and diagnosed with uncomplicated phakic macula-on primary RD, who were registered in the Japan-Retinal Detachment Registry, was compiled between February 2016 and March 2017. We performed propensity score matching using preoperative findings and surgeon-related factors as covariates to account for relevant confounders. The primary outcome was anatomical failures at 6 months postoperatively, classified as follows: level 1, an inoperable state; level 2, anatomical recovery with silicone oil tamponade; and level 3, need for additional surgery to repair the detachments. The secondary outcome was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsOf the 822 included patients, 552 underwent PPV and 270 underwent SB. After propensity score matching, 137 matched cases between the PPV and SB groups were analysed. The total proportion of surgical failures in the PPV group was higher than that in the SB group (risk difference, 0.10 (0.02 to 0.18), p=0.011, McNemar’s test). Conversely, the change in BCVA was not significantly different between the two groups (logMAR units, −0.015 (−0.084 to 0.053), p=0.66, paired samples t-test).ConclusionsAlthough the indications for PPV are becoming broader, PPV may not be the optimal approach for repairing all types of RD. Therefore, careful consideration is needed when selecting the right surgical technique for treating uncomplicated phakic macula-on RD cases.
Time in range–A1c hemoglobin relationship in continuous glucose monitoring of type 1 diabetes: a real-world study
Authors: Valenzano Marina , Cibrario Bertolotti Ivan , Valenzano Adriano , Grassi Giorgio 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionThe availability of easily accessible continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics can improve glycemic control in diabetes, and they may even become a viable alternative to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) laboratory tests in the next years. The REALISM-T1D study (REAl-Life glucoSe Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes) was aimed at contributing, with real-world data, to a deeper understanding of these metrics, including the time in range (TIR)–HbA1c relationship, to facilitate their adoption by diabetologists in everyday practice.Research design and methods70 adults affected by type 1 diabetes were monitored for 1 year by means of either flash (FGM) or real-time (rtCGM) glucose monitoring devices. Follow-up visits were performed after 90, 180 and 365 days from baseline and percentage TIR70–180evaluated for the 90-day time period preceding each visit. HbA1c tests were also carried out in the same occasions and measured values paired with the corresponding TIR data.ResultsA monovariate linear regression analysis confirms a strong correlation between TIR and HbA1c as found in previous studies, but leveraging more homogeneous data (n=146) collected in real-life conditions. Differences were determined between FGM and rtCGM devices in Pearson’s correlation (rFGM=0.703, rrtCGM=0.739), slope (β1,FGM=−11.77, β1,rtCGM=−10.74) and intercept (β0,FGM=141.19, β0,rtCGM=140.77) coefficients. Normality of residuals and homoscedasticity were successfully verified in both cases.ConclusionsRegression lines for two patient groups monitored through FGM and rtCGM devices, respectively, while confirming a linear relationship between TIR and A1c hemoglobin (A1C) in good accordance with previous studies, also show a statistically significant difference in the regression intercept, thus suggesting the need for different models tailored to device characteristics. The predictive power of A1C as a TIR estimator also deserves further investigations.
Clusters of people with type 2 diabetes in the general population: unsupervised machine learning approach using national surveys in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Anza-Ramirez Cecilia , Bernabé-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionWe aimed to identify clusters of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess whether the frequency of these clusters was consistent across selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).Research design and methodsWe analyzed 13 population-based national surveys in nine countries (n=8361). We used k-means to develop a clustering model; predictors were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), and T2DM family history. The training data set included all surveys, and the clusters were then predicted in each country-year data set. We used Euclidean distance, elbow and silhouette plots to select the optimal number of clusters and described each cluster according to the underlying predictors (mean and proportions).ResultsThe optimal number of clusters was 4. Cluster 0 grouped more men and those with the highest mean SBP/DBP. Cluster 1 had the highest mean BMI and WC, as well as the largest proportion of T2DM family history. We observed the smallest values of all predictors in cluster 2. Cluster 3 had the highest mean age. When we reflected the four clusters in each country-year data set, a different distribution was observed. For example, cluster 3 was the most frequent in the training data set, and so it was in 7 out of 13 other country-year data sets.ConclusionsUsing unsupervised machine learning algorithms, it was possible to cluster people with T2DM from the general population in LAC; clusters showed unique profiles that could be used to identify the underlying characteristics of the T2DM population in LAC.
Evaluating the impact of prehospital care on mortality following major trauma in New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kool Bridget , Lilley Rebbecca , Davie Gabrielle , Reid Papaarangi , Civil Ian , Branas Charles , de Graaf Brandon , Dicker Bridget , Ameratunga Shanthi N 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundInjury is a leading cause of death and health loss in New Zealand and internationally. The potentially fatal or severe consequences of many injuries can be reduced through an optimally structured prehospital trauma care system that can provide timely and appropriate care.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between emergency medical services (EMS) care and survival to hospital for major trauma cases in New Zealand.MethodsThis project is a retrospective cohort study of New Zealand major trauma cases attended by EMS providers over a 2-year period. Outcomes include survival to hospital and survival in hospital for at least 24 hours. The project has three phases: (1) identification of the cohort and assembling a bespoke longitudinal dataset linking EMS, New Zealand Major Trauma Registry and Coronial data; (2) describing the pathways and processes of care to inform an investigation of the relationships between types of EMS care and survival using propensity score modelling to adjust for case-mix differences; (3) assessment of the implications for future practice, policy and research.DiscussionThe study findings will help identify opportunities to optimise the delivery of EMS care in New Zealand by informing the development or revision of existing major trauma EMS policies and guidelines, and to provide a baseline for monitoring the impact of future initiatives. Establishing an evidence-base will support a whole-of-system appraisal that could include broader complex variables relating to healthcare services throughout the continuum of trauma care.