bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional observational descriptive study
Authors: Folch Ayora Ana , Salas‐Medina Pablo , Collado‐Boira Eladio , Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel , Bernat‐Adell María Desamparados 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo provide data on the fears of pregnant women during the confinement period and to learn about the factors, which may have exacerbated fear in Spanish pregnant women during the pandemic.DesignA cross‐sectional observational and descriptive study.MethodsAn anonymous survey was carried out using virtual media in a pregnant population (aged ≥18 years) during the confinement period from 1 April to 1 May 2020.ResultsThe total sample comprised of 62 individuals, with a mean age of 33.6 ± 3.6 years and a mean gestation time of 23.6 ± 9.8 weeks. All of the women used preventive measures against SARS‐CoV‐2. The most common preventive measures were social isolation (82.3%, n = 51) and frequent handwashing (69.4%, n = 43). The most common feeling was fear (29%, n = 18). The main fears were related to transplacental infection (27%, n = 16), loneliness during childbirth, and being separated from the newborn (27%, n = 16). In addition, 59.7% (n = 37) considered changing their child‐rearing practices after the pandemic.
Structure and performance of hydrogenated styrenic block copolymers/polypropylene/oil (HSBCs/PP/oil) composites
Authors: Wu Rui , Liu Junyi , Xiong Chunzhu , Zhen Xinping , Hu Beili , Yao Huijiang , Jiao Zhen , Wu Jianxun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the past few decades, considerable attention has been paid to the thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Among them, hydrogenated styrenic block copolymers (HSBCs) have attracted extensive interest because of outstanding ozone resistance, remarkable aging properties, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, theoretical and experimental investigations on the HSBCs/PP/oil composites have been reported many times, but the influence of molecular structure on the structure and properties of composites has yet to be identified. In this study, three HSBCs with different molecular structures were used as the research object to systematically study the effects of their molecular structural differences on the aggregate structure, microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of HSBCs/PP/oil composites. It was found thatthe content of side groups in the molecular chain was the main factor affecting the structure and performance of the HSBCs/PP/oil composites. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the molecular design and structural control of the new HSBC, so it has obvious theoretical significance and practical value.
Aerosol filtration performance of nanofibrous mats produced via electrically assisted industrial‐scale solution blowing
Authors: Gungor Melike , Toptas Ali , Calisir Mehmet Durmus , Kilic Ali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHighly efficient polyamide 6 (PA6)‐based nanofibrous air filter media was developed for particulate matter (PM) removal in the ambient atmosphere. The PA6 nanofibrous mats exhibited 85% PM0.3 capture performance at a cost of 164 Pa pressure drop when the multiple‐nozzle solution blowing system was set to 8 m/h fabric winding speed. However, an increase in the winding speed at a constant feeding rate lowered the filtration efficiency to 62% due to the less amount of nanofibrous mats collected on the substrate. The application of electrical field at the same parameters allowed us to produce a filter media having FFP3‐level filtration performance, which means 99% PM0.3 capture performance. This was attributed to a fine fiber diameter (116 nm), higher solidity value (0.149), and lower average pore size (2.28 μm). These results show that the electrically assisted solution blowing provides a feasible route for the production of high‐quality nanofibrous filter media.
Sustained pharyngeal inflation on upper airway effects in children—Flexible bronchoscopy measurement
Authors: Soong Wen‐Jue , Chen Chieh‐Ho , Lin Chien‐Heng , Yang Chia‐Feng , Lee Yu‐Sheng , Tsao Pei‐Chen , Sung Yi‐Hung , Dhochak Nitin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveSustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen and nose‐closure (PhO2‐NC) can create positive peak inflation pressure (PIP) inside the pharyngolaryngeal space (PLS). This study measured and compared the effects of four different SPI durations in the PLS.MethodsA prospective study, 20 consecutive children aged between 6 months and 3 years old, scheduled for elective flexible bronchoscopy (FB) suspected positive PLS findings were enrolled. SPI was performed twice in four different durations (0, 1, 3, and 5 s) sequentially in each infant. PIP was measured for each SPI in the pharynx, while simultaneously record images at two locations of the oropharynx and supra‐larynx. Patient demographic details, PIP levels, lumen expansion scores, and images of PLS were measured and analyzed.ResultsTwenty patients with 40 measurements were collected. The mean (SD) age and weight were 11.6 (9.1) months and 6.8 (2.4) kg, respectively. The measured mean (SD) pharyngeal PIPs were 4.1 (3.3), 21.9 (7.0), 42.2 (12.3), and 65.5 (18.5) cmH2O at SPI duration of 0, 1, 3, and 5 s, respectively, indicating significant (p<.001) positive correlation. At assigned locations, corresponding PLS images also displayed a significant increase in lumen expansion scores and a number of detected lesions with an increase in SPI duration (p < .004). The mean (SD) procedural time was 5.7 (1.2) min. No study‐related complication was noted.ConclusionsFB utilizing PhO2‐NC as SPI of 1–3 s is a simple, less invasive, and valuable ventilation modality. It provides an adequate PIP level to expand the PLS and improve FB performance in children.
Can bronchial challenge test with adenosine or methacholine at preschool age predict school‐age asthma?
Authors: Golan‐Lagziel Tal , Mandelberg Avigdor , Wolfson Yonatan , Ater Dorit , Armoni Domany Keren 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveBronchial challenge test (BCT) measures current airways‐hyperreactivity, however, its predictive role in pre‐school children (<6 years) for the diagnosis of asthma at school age is still debatable. We aimed to find whether preschool children with a positive adenosine or methacholine BCT are more prone to asthma at school age.MethodsWe included children aged 6–13 years with respiratory symptoms that were previously referred to our pulmonary function laboratory for BCT (methacholine or adenosine, depending on the question asked) at age 10 months to 6 years (baseline). BCT was considered positive based on spirometry results or wheezing, desaturation, and tachypnea reactions. The primary outcome measure was asthma diagnosis at school age using the well‐validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. We used logistic regression analysis to explore whether positive BCT could predict school‐age asthma while including age and collected modified asthma predictive index in the model.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐one of 189 children (53% males), completed the ISAAC questionnaire (response rate = 80%). Mean ages at BCT and at follow‐up were 3.9 ± 1.28 and 9.4 ± 1.85 years, respectively. At baseline, 40 of 67 had a positive adenosine test and 73 of 84 had a positive methacholine BCT. Thirty‐nine children were diagnosed with asthma at school age. Logistic regression analysis showed that a positive adenosine test at pre‐school age was the best predictor, significantly increasing the odds of asthma at school age by 6.34 (95% CI: 1.23–32.81, p = .028), while methacholine did not show significance (p = .69).ConclusionChoosing the relevant BCT for the question asked, positive adenosine, but not methacholine test, at pre‐school, may predict asthma at school age.
Family‐building and parenting considerations for people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kazmerski Traci M. , West Natalie E. , Jain Raksha , Uluer Ahmet , Georgiopoulos Anna M. , Aitken Moira L. , Taylor‐Cousar Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs people with cystic fibrosis (CF) live longer and healthier lives, increasing numbers are considering the full range of reproductive options for their futures, including parenthood, pregnancy, or pregnancy prevention. As the face of CF changes, the CF care model must adapt to meet the reproductive health needs of both parents and nonparents with CF. This article summarizes the reproductive goals and family‐building concerns faced by people with CF, including fertility, pregnancy, and alternative paths to parenthood, the impact of parenthood on mental and physical health, and important future research.
Living with oversized spring‐loaded vapor relief valves
Authors: Smith Dustin , Paul Ken 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPressure relief valves are installed on pressurized systems to mitigate consequences related to excessive pressure. Since relief valves come in discrete sizes, a relief system designer specifies a relief device with a rated capacity greater than the largest required relief rate. An oversized relief device is one in which a credible overpressure scenario exists; that is, the relief device capacity is more than a multiple (typically five times) the scenario's required relief rate. Most systems have more than one credible overpressure scenario (e.g., external fire or blocked outlet). In some other cases, installations in vapor service have been identified with an oversized relief device concern, without verification of whether or not these installations have a history of instability‐related damage (e.g., excessive relief device damage). Typically damage from oversized vapor relief devices is less severe than chatter which is caused by the coupling of the inlet line and the relief device, not the flow through the relief device. Some owners/operators have specified that oversized relief devices require mitigation. However, this paper shows why an oversized relief device in vapor service may not require mitigation.
Development of recognised position‐guided navigation system
Authors: Kanehira Masaru , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Abe Kyohei , Yasuda Jungo , Onda Shinji , Futagawa Yasuro , Ikegami Toru , Suzuki Naoki , Hattori Asaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we developed an image‐guided navigation system (IG‐NS) incorporating augmented reality technology. Nevertheless, the system could still only aid the operator by presenting imagery and was short of achieving the goal of developing a real navigation system. Therefore, we developed a recognised position‐guided navigation system (RP‐NS) and herein reported the functionality and usefulness of this system in a phantom model for clinical applications.MethodsWe developed RP‐NS which was reconstructed by adding the positional recognition and instruction functions with the cautions by displaying the images on the monitor with a voice to the IG‐NS. We evaluated accuracy of positional recognition and instruction functions using phantom model. By utilising the chronological recording of the tip position of the surgical apparatus, the surgical precision of the operators was assessed. Finally, the feasibility of improvements in surgical precision using this system was evaluated.ResultsThe RP‐NS indicated an accuracy of the position recognition functions with an error of 2.7 mm. The surgeons could perform partial hepatectomies within mean value of 7.5% error as compared with calculated volume according to the instruction. Improvements in surgical precision using this system were obtained on the surgeons with different levels.ConclusionsThe RP‐NS was highly effective as a navigation system owing to precise positional recognition and adequate instruction functions. Therefore, these results indicate that the use of this system may complement differences in proficiency, and numerically evaluate surgical skills and analyse tendencies of surgeons.
Dynamic effect of three locking plates fixated to humeral fracture based on multibody musculoskeletal model
Authors: Jian‐Qiao Peng Matthew , Chen Chin‐Tu , MA LiMin , JU Xiangyang , Khambay Balvinder 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study attempts to analyse the biomechanical effect of internal fixation (plated in parallel or plated vertically) on the basis of distal humeral fractures on musculoskeletal multibody dynamics using AnyBody in Finite Element Method.MethodHumeral 3D models were reconstructed by MIMICS after volunteers' CT image input in *.dicom format, and processed by Geomagic Studio for surfaces, while locking plates and screws were then designed by Pro‐E. A humeral model of T‐type fracture was created and assembled in Hypermesh, to integrate fixtures (e.g., MPL/PML/ML), to grid the mesh and then assign materials. A musculoskeletal model of the upper limb was established by AnyBody to simulate elbow flexion and extension. They were finally imported to Abaqus for boundary conditions and dynamic analysis.ResultIn terms of Von Mises stress, its maximum increased and then decreased gradually during the joint motion, but p > 0.05 in SPSS suggests no significant difference for all three fixtures. In terms of displacement, when the elbow was at 90°, each motional pattern reached its peak as follows: ML180° = 0.28 mm, MPL90° = 0.49 mm & PML90° = 0.54 mm during flexion; ML180° = 0.073 mm, MPL90° = 0.10 mm & PML90° = 0.12 mm during extension. p < 0.05 suggests a significant difference for the displacements of all three fixations. p = 0.007 < 0.01667 suggests the significant difference between the two fixations, for example, PML90° and ML180°, indicating that the peak displacement of ML180° is less than that of PML90°.ConclusionAfter generally analysed in musculoskeletal dynamics, the biomechanical property of the fixtures was presented as follows: the displacement of the parallel plate was less than that of the vertical, and the parallel plate may optimise the clinical reduction anatomically.
Early and late clinico‐pathologic outcomes of minimally invasive total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched comparison of robotic and laparoscopic approaches
Authors: Park Chan Hee , Bae Sung Uk , Jeong Woon Kyung , Baek Seong Kyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare the early and late clinical outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic total mesorectal excision (TME) using propensity score matching.MethodsThe retrospective study included 489 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robotic TME for rectal cancer between June 2011 and December 2018. Overall, 131 matched pairs were generated via propensity scoring matching according to several factors.ResultsThe matched groups had generally similar demographic characteristics. The robotic TME group had significantly longer mean times for the total operation and the TME procedure. There were no significant differences in terms of the other procedure‐specific parameters, although the robotic TME group had significantly shorter duration of hospitalisation and shorter duration of need for postoperative indwelling urinary catheter. Moreover, the robotic TME group had non‐significantly lower rates of late postoperative complications and reoperation.ConclusionsEarly and late clinico‐pathologic outcomes of robotic TME were comparable to that of laparoscopic TME.
Boosting H2 Production over C60‐Mediated NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)/Zn0.5Cd0.5S S‐Scheme Heterojunction via Enhanced Interfacial Carrier Separation
Authors: Li Chunxue , Liu Xiaoteng , Huo Pengwei , Yan Yongsheng , Liao Guangfu , Ding Guixiang , Liu Chunbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImproving greatly the separation efficiency of interfacial charge carrier is a major challenge in photocatalysis. Herein, a new class of C60‐mediated NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)/Zn0.5Cd0.5S S‐scheme heterojunction with enhanced interfacial charge carrier separation is designed and synthesized. The constructed S‐scheme heterojunction thermodynamically favors photocatalytic H2 evolution because of the large driving force resulting from its strong redox abilities. As a consequence, the optimum proportion of C60‐mediated NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)/Zn0.5Cd0.5S S‐scheme heterojunction displays comparable H2 evolution activity with a rate of 7825.20 µmol h−1 g−1 under visible light irradiation, which is about 93.05 times, 6.38 times and 2.65 times higher than that of 2% C60/NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti), Zn0.5Cd0.5S and 45% NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)/Zn0.5Cd0.5S, and outperforms the majority of the previously reported MOFs‐based photocatalysts. Spectroscopic characterizations and theory calculations indicate that the S‐scheme heterojunction can powerfully promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. This work offers a new insight for future design and development of highly active MOFs‐based photocatalysts.
Ecology‐inspired resilient and affordable system of systems using degree of system order
Authors: Chatterjee Abheek , Malak Richard , Layton Astrid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn optimal trade‐off between resilience (the ability to survive and recover from disruptions) and affordability is highly desirable in System of Systems (SoS) architectures. However, it is difficult to design SoS architectures for these goals as existing resilience evaluation methods require detailed disruption models that are not readily available in the early stages of design. Biological ecosystems (nature's resilient SoS) achieve these goals through a unique balance of efficient and redundant interactions in their architectures—measured using the metric Degree of System Order (DoSO). This research tests if this ecological architecting principle and the DoSO metric are useful for designing resilient and affordable SoS. The resilience versus affordability tradespace of a large number of notional SoS architectures is investigated using the DoSO metric. Results indicate that the majority of Pareto optimal SoS architectures, under various disruptions, lie in the ecologically‐identified favorable DoSO range. Further, SoS architectures within this DoSO range were found to have better resilience and affordability attributes, in general, than the architectures outside it. DoSO evaluation does not require knowledge of disruption scenarios and is the first network architecture metric to consider resilience versus affordability trade‐offs, making it a valuable addition to the SoS engineering toolset.
Enrichment of potential toxic elements and environmental health implications: A study of the tropical agricultural soils in southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: A. Krishnakumar , Das Revathy , S.K. Aditya , K. Anoop Krishnan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLarge‐scale usage of agrochemicals in the soils found in the highland regions of Western Ghats, Kerala, India, is often equated with soil contamination and land degradation. Kerala, being the second largest cardamom producer in the world, unscrupulously uses agrochemicals in cardamom plantations, which release high levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the soils. Here, the PTEs from 25 agricultural soils were taken from high‐range mountain landscapes of southern Western Ghats, India, to evaluate the sources and levels of soil pollution. The data revealed that the soil samples from the study area were contaminated with PTEs, and their observed average concentration was in the order of Ba > Zr > V > Cr > Ni > Sr > Zn > Cu. Geochemical maps were generated to understand the hotspots in trace element contamination. Correlation matrix and factor analysis were applied to apportion the sources of PTEs. Enrichment factor and geochemical accumulation index indicated slight enrichment in all the elements analyzed. The contamination factor varied from 15.41 to 25.58, signifying a considerable degree of contamination in the area with respect to soil pollution. The pollution load index (PLI) values ranged from 0.97 to 1.99, indicating progressive deterioration of the sites. High degree of contamination and PLI values implied that not only geogenic sources, but also intensified anthropogenic activities may contribute to trace element accumulation. This work provides insights on the accumulation of PTEs in the soils, which will pose a great health risk to the local population through the consumption of various agricultural products cultivated in the area.
Outcomes following single, caudally based bilateral versus unilateral frontonasal sinusotomy for treatment of equine paranasal sinus disease
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn M. , Hackett Eileen S. , McCready Erin , Easley Jeremiah T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBilateral sinus disease is relatively uncommon in horses, accounting for 3%–4.5% of horses with sinonasal disease, but may require bilateral paranasal surgery for complete resolution. Complications and recurrence following bilateral sinusotomy have not been reported or compared to those following unilateral procedures.ObjectiveTo describe clinical features and outcomes in horses undergoing standing single, caudally based bilateral frontonasal sinusotomy compared to unilateral frontonasal surgery.MethodsRecords of horses (n = 37) undergoing surgical treatment for sinus disease (five bilateral, 32 unilateral) were retrospectively reviewed (2010–2017) for signalment, presenting complaint, duration of signs preoperatively, diagnostic imaging, treatments administered, duration hospitalization, complications, and owner satisfaction with the procedure. Mann–Whitney testing was used to compare age, duration of hospitalization, and follow‐up time in horses undergoing unilateral or bilateral procedures. Fisher's exact testing was used to determine if sex predilection was present for unilateral or bilateral disease. Survival time and time to recurrence were compared by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log‐rank curve comparison testing. Significance was assessed atp < 0.05.ResultsLength of signs prior to admission did not differ between horses with unilateral and bilateral disease (p = 0.09), but there was a tendency for horses with bilateral disease to have clinical signs for longer. Age (p = 0.19) and hospitalization duration (p = 0.53) did not differ between horses undergoing unilateral versus bilateral procedures. Recurrence or failure to resolve signs was reported in 11/32 (34%) of unilateral and 0/5 bilateral cases (p = 0.07).ConclusionsThe bilateral single, caudally based sinusotomy approach may be considered to effectively treat bilateral paranasal sinus disease without concern for increased risk of life‐threatening complications or longer hospitalization duration than would be typical for unilateral sinusotomy procedures.
High morbidity associated with an outbreak of tick‐borne disease in a dairy herd, Cornwall
Authors: McFadzean Harriet , Johnson Nicholas , Phipps L. Paul , Hobbs Rebecca L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn April 2020, animals in a herd of 180 dairy cows began displaying pyrexia, milk drop and condition loss. Some animals aborted while others developed anaemia and red‐coloured urine. Copious ticks were noted on affected animals. Blood smear examination performed on sick animals detected piroplasms within erythrocytes, and a pan‐piroplasm PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of Babesia divergens. Further PCR testing detected Anaplasma phagocytophilum in some of the animals. In a number of animals, co‐infection with both pathogens was demonstrated. A range of control measures were implemented with varying levels of success, and clinical cases continued until winter housing of cows in November. A total of 61 animals were affected. The main contributory factor in this case was likely buying in of large numbers of naïve animals into an endemic tick area. Co‐infection also potentially increased severity of disease. The difficulties in controlling this outbreak are discussed.