bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble CD137 is a novel serum marker of liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C and alcohol‐associated disease etiology
Authors: Weigand Kilian , Peschel Georg , Grimm Jonathan , Luu Khang , Schacherer Doris , Wiest Reiner , Müller Martina , Schwarz Herbert , Buechler Christa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDefective T‐cell functions play a role in the persistence of HCV infection. Activated T cells express CD137, which costimulates antivirus T‐cell responses, and this activity is antagonized by soluble CD137 (sCD137). Here, we show that in sera of 81 patients with chronic HCV, sCD137 levels did not correlate with measures of viral infection, and did not decline after virus eradication using direct‐acting antivirals. Thus, serum sCD137 was similar in patients infected with HCV and in uninfected controls. Of note, in HCV patients with liver cirrhosis and patients with mostly alcohol‐associated liver cirrhosis, sCD137 was increased. A negative association of sCD137 and albumin existed in both cohorts. sCD137 concentrations were similar in hepatic and portal vein blood excluding the liver as the origin of higher levels. Recombinant sCD137 reduced Th1 and Th2 but not Th17 cell polarization in vitro, and accordingly lowered IFN‐γ, TNF, and IL‐13 in cell media. Serum sCD137 is associated with inflammatory states, and positively correlated with serum TNF in cirrhotic HCV patients following virus eradication. Our study argues against a role of sCD137 in HCV infection and suggests a function of sCD137 in liver cirrhosis, which yet has to be defined.
How does antiseptic mouthwashes against SARS‐COV‐2 affect the bond strength of universal adhesive to enamel?
Authors: Özduman Zümrüt Ceren , Oglakci Burcu , Doğan Miraç , Deger Ceren , Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic Evrim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study compares the effect of different mouthwashes that have been recommended during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on shear bond strength (SBS) of universal adhesive to enamel in regards to self‐etch (SE) and etch‐and‐rinse (ER) modes. Flat enamel surfaces were obtained from 100 sound human maxillary central incisors. They were randomly allocated to five groups according to the different mouthwashes (no mouthwash/control [Ctrl], 0.2% chlorhexidine 1.5% hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], 0.2% povidone‐iodine [PVP‐I], Listerine [L]), and adhesive application modes (ER and SE) (n = 10). After the application of a universal adhesive (single bond universal), composite resin (Filtek Z250) was bonded by a cylinder‐shaped mold (height: 2 mm, diameter: 2.4 mm). They were subjected to SBS test using a universal testing machine (AGS‐X, Shimadzu Corp.) (crosshead speed: 1 mm/min). The resin–enamel interfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The semiquantitative chemical microanalyses were performed with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The data were statistically analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test (p < .05). In SE mode, Group Ctrl revealed significantly higher SBS than all mouthwash groups (p < .05). In ER mode, Group Ctrl showed significantly higher SBS than H2O2 and PVP‐I groups (p < .05). ER mode caused significantly higher SBS than SE mode in all mouthwash groups (p < .05). The SEM observations highlighted that Group Ctrl had a regular and intact hybrid layer with resin tag formation while the H2O2 and PVP‐I groups exhibited a thin hybrid layer in both modes. EDS analysis indicated that in SE mode, all mouthwash groups presented increased O content compared to Group Ctrl. H2O2 and PVP‐I that were suggested for preprocedural use during the COVID‐19 pandemic, reduced the enamel bond strength of the universal adhesive in ER mode.
Phenotypic plasticity in the energy metabolism of a small Andean rodent: Effect of short‐term thermal acclimation and developmental conditions
Authors: Menéndez Josefina , Ruperto Emmanuel F. , Taraborelli Paula A. , Sassi Paola L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study of phenotypic variation within species in response to different environments is a central issue in evolutionary and ecological physiology. Particularly, ambient temperature is one of the most important factors modulating interactions between animals and their environment. Phyllotis xanthopygus, a small Andean rodent, exhibits intraspecific differences along an altitudinal gradient in traits relevant to energy balance that persist after acclimation to common experimental temperatures. Therefore, we aim to explore geographic variations in energetic traits of P. xanthopygus and to assess the contribution of phenotypic plasticity to population differences. We compared metabolic rate and thermal conductance in response to different acclimation temperatures in animals collected at distinct altitudes (F0 generation) and in their offspring, born and raised under common‐garden conditions (F1 generation). We found intraspecific differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) of animals collected at different altitudes that were no longer evident in the F1 generation. Furthermore, although both generations showed the same pattern of RMR flexibility in response to acclimation temperature, its magnitude was lower for the F1 individuals. This suggests that developmental conditions affect the short‐term acclimation capacity of this trait during adulthood. On the other hand, thermal conductance (C) showed irreversible plasticity, as animals raised in the laboratory at stable warm conditions had a relatively higher C than the animals from the field, showing no adjustments to thermal acclimation during adulthood in either group. In sum, our results support the hypothesis that the developmental environment shapes energetic traits, emphasizing the relevance of incorporating ontogeny in physiological studies.
Potential of vegetation and woodland cover recovery during primary and secondary succession, a global quantitative review
Authors: Coradini Karen , Krejčová Jana , Frouz Jan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSuccession is a basic natural process of ecosystem recovery, it may start completely de novo (primary succession) or after serious disturbance of the previous ecosystem (secondary succession). Despite most reclamation and restoration approaches depending on it and despite extensive previous research, we found no worldwide review that would describe the pattern of vegetation cover and woody vegetation recovery in individual types of succession and explore major factors that affect the speed of vegetation recovery. To fill this gap we have searched world literature and extracted data about 244 succession series about total vegetation cover and 113 about woody vegetation cover. The rate of vegetation cover recovery is significantly slower during primary succession than during secondary succession, this however not apply to woody vegetation. The type of disturbance affects the speed of recovery, post‐mining sites recover fastest among primary succession and older fields were the fastest among secondary succession, the slowest one being succession in glacier retreats. Latitude, soil pH, the size of the disturbed area, temperature, and actual evapotranspiration affect the rate of vegetation recovery in primary succession, while only latitude affects secondary succession. Some other factors affect succession after a specific disturbance. The study shows that succession can be an effective tool to restore vegetation cover and woody vegetation on many occasions. We expect that differences in the nutrient availability determine differences in the rate of total vegetation cover recovery, while soil porosity (compaction) may be an important factor affecting woody vegetation recovery.
Eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators on finite and infinite intervals
Authors: Korotyaev Evgeny L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider a Sturm–Liouville operator with an integrable potential q on the unit interval . We consider a Schrödinger operator with a real compactly supported potential on the half line and on the line, where this potential coincides with q on the unit interval and vanishes outside I. We determine the relationships between eigenvalues of such operators and obtain estimates of eigenvalues in terms of potentials.
NF‐κB signaling in inflammation and cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Chao , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Huiyuan , Hu Hongbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism of NF‐κB for 35 years, which lead to significant progress. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanisms regulating NF‐κB activation have also been illuminated, the cascades of signaling events leading to NF‐κB activity and key components of the NF‐κB pathway are also identified. It has been suggested NF‐κB plays an important role in human diseases, especially inflammation‐related diseases. These studies make the NF‐κB an attractive target for disease treatment. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the family members of NF‐κB, as well as the basic mechanisms of NF‐κB signaling pathway activation. We will also review the effects of dysregulated NF‐κB on inflammation, tumorigenesis, and tumor microenvironment. The progression of the translational study and drug development targeting NF‐κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment and the potential obstacles will be discussed. Further investigations on the precise functions of NF‐κB in the physiological and pathological settings and underlying mechanisms are in the urgent need to develop drugs targeting NF‐κB for inflammatory diseases and cancer treatment, with minimal side effects.
Asthma academy: A student nurse‐led telehealth education program for low‐income family caregivers of children with asthma
Authors: Foronda Cynthia , Prather Susan , Snowden Kenya , Gonzalez Juan M. , Gattamorta Karina A. , Lee Jiye , Gonzalez Juan E. , Cardenas Monica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe aims of the Asthma Academy study were to (1) evaluate the telehealth performance of DNP students, (2) evaluate the perceived learning experience of DNP students and (3) investigate whether an association exists related to student performance and family caregiver outcomes.DesignA descriptive study was conducted with doctor of nursing practice students.MethodsStudents conducted telehealth visits to help family caregivers of children with asthma and were rated on their performance by two faculty members using a rubric. Student perception data were gathered via survey.ResultsOut of a total possible score of 15 points, the mean telehealth performance score of students was 13.38 points. Students indicated the telehealth experience was valuable and that they were satisfied with their learning. This model of leveraging telehealth to bridge nursing students to the community may be adapted to help family caregivers of children with various disease foci.
Structure–fragmentation study of pentacyclic triterpenoids using electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐QTOFMS/MS)
Authors: Uddin Jalal , Muhsinah Abdullatif Bin , Imran Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Noman , Musharraf Syed Ghulam 
Published: December 2021

RationalePentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves, and stem bark. Due to their important biological activities, these compounds are widely screened using advance analytical techniques like electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Over the past few decades, the practice of ESI has been refined into a versatile ionization technique for a wide variety of analytes differing in their chemical makeup, size, complexity, and bimolecular stability.MethodsThe structure–fragmentation relationships (SFRs) of 16 pentacyclic triterpenoids were studied using a positive ion ESI quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐QqTOFMS/MS) hybrid instrument.ResultsESI‐QqTOFMS (positive ion mode) showed the presence of the protonated molecules [M + H]+ of most of analyzed compounds. Low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation MS/MS analysis of these molecules indicated multiple losses of water molecules and the loss of the formic acid moiety [M + H − HCOOH]+ and other substituents as the predominant pathway for further fragmentation. Key product ions were identified which resulted from the retro‐Diels–Alder cleavage of the ring system. SFRs of all the compounds analyzed were also developed.ConclusionsWe developed a fragmentation pattern of pentacyclic triterpenoids using the ESI‐QqTOFMS/MS technique. It was concluded that the formation of key product ions and loss of characteristic neutrals can give detailed insight into structural information about the basic structure and attached substituents.
Protective and pathological roles of regulatory immune cells in human cytomegalovirus infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Namdari Haideh , Hosseini Maryam , Yazdanifar Mahboubeh , Farajifard Hamid , Parvizpour Farzad , Karamigolbaghi Maryam , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Rezaei Farhad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitously prevalent. Immune system in healthy individuals is capable of controlling HCMV infection; however, HCMV can be life‐threatening for immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients. Both innate and adaptive immune systems are critically involved in the HCMV infection. Recent studies have indicated that regulatory immune cells which play essential roles in maintaining a healthy immune environment are closely related to immune response in HCMV infection. However, the exact role of regulatory immune cells in immune regulation and homoeostasis during the battle between HCMV and host still requires further research. In this review, we highlight the protective and pathological roles of regulatory immune cells in HCMV infection following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Carboxyl‐Functionalized Candida albicans for Removal of Heavy Metals Ions from Wastewater
Authors: Azzam Ahmed M. , El‐Wakeel Shaimaa T. , Mostafa Bayaumy B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPresently, there is increased interest in heavy metal contamination due to its high‐risk health effects. In this work, we fabricated nano‐magnetic/carboxyl Candida albicans biomass composite (MCC) as a new bio‐adsorbent agent based on the ultrasonic cavitation‐assisted oxygen implosion method. The synthesized MCC nano adsorbent was characterized using SEM, EDX, and FTIR. The adsorption capacity of MCC nanocomposite was detected for toxic metals Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ ions. SEM image showed rough C. albicans cell walls due to loading of magnetic/carboxyl nanoparticles, while EDX confirmed the formation of magnetic nanoparticles on the cell surface. The results of adsorption metal ions showed that the optimum removal efficiencies for Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ were recorded at pH 4, 6, and 6.5, respectively. The adsorption capacity was determined as 1009, 280 and 202 mg/g for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+, while calculated qe values agreed very well with the experimental data indicating that the adsorption of tested metals obeyed the second‐order kinetic model. The removal rates reached 99.8 % for Pb2+, 99.4 % for Cd2+, and 94.7 % for Cu2+ in the presence of different concentrations of coexisting ions in treated wastewater. The MCC nanocomposite bio‐adsorbent agent satisfied the increasing need for the purification of water resources and can be used widely in industrial wastewater remediation.
Copper‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Remote C−H Bond Amidation of 8‐Amidoquinolines with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: He Li , Zhu Yihang , Xu Yongjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed direct C−H bond C5‐amidation of 8‐amidoquinolines with NFSI has been developed. This catalytic amination process is carried out without any ligands to form various derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using a commercially available Cu(II) as the catalyst under a simple condition. A single‐electron transfer (SET)‐mediated mechanism was proposed based on the experimental data and a serious of mechanistic studies.
Highly Efficient Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol by Cu Nanoparticle Decorated Graphdiyne
Authors: Xie Shuanglei , Xu Ze , Yu Cong , Yu Xianglin , Zhang Zihe , Li Junbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCatalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) over high‐performance and stable metal nanoparticle catalyst is highly desirable. This study experimentally demonstrated that graphdiyne (GDY), an all‐carbon two‐dimensional material composed of two hybrid carbon atoms (sp and sp2), can uniformly disperse copper nanoparticles through simple microwave reduction and has excellent 4‐NP reduction ability. Cu/GDY shows an extraordinary reaction rate constant of 0.9984 min−1, Moreover, the catalytic activity is maintained almost intact within five cycles. These encouraging results demonstrated that the unique pores and electronic structure of GDY enhance the stability of anchored metal nanoparticles and have great potential to degrade 4‐NP as a promising support for copper nanoparticles.
Direct Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Trisubstituted Pyrimidines via Base‐Mediated One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Zhang Ming M. , Zhan Zhen Z. , Wang Meng , Wang He S. , Huang Guo S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA base‐mediated strategy was adopted to synthesize 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines from amidine hydrochlorides, aldehydes and acetylacetone. The starting materials were widely available and could tolerate various functional groups, and the produced 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines had moderate to good yields. The construction of C−C and C−N bonds was achieved under transition metal‐free conditions. Unlike previous approaches, the present approach utilizes a multicomponent reaction and is a new protocol for the construction of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidines from raw materials that do not require further preparation.
The Political Economy of Regulation: An Analysis of the Mexican Emission Trading System
Authors: Stevens Daniela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter argues that the design of carbon pricing policies takes place as a sequential, negotiated process whereby specific constituencies have privileged access to shape policy design because they have high stakes in regulations. These groups, identified ex ante based on the political economy of regulation and a stakeholder approach, exhibit two characteristics: first, they are high-interest actors, as a change in the status quo would impose concentrated costs on them; second, they are high-power actors, since their resources and participation in the national economy make them a critical sector. Using theory-guided process tracing and the policy stages heuristics framework, the empirical analysis explores the policymaking process of the Mexican pilot emission trading system and discusses key features of its design.
The Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Lessons from the Mexican Carbon Tax Experience for the Mexican Cap-and-Trade System
Authors: Belausteguigoitia Juan Carlos , Romero Vidal , Simpser Alberto 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrice-based climate change policy instruments, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems, are known for their potential to generate desirable results such as reducing the cost of meeting environmental targets. Nonetheless, carbon pricing policies face important economic and political hurdles. Powerful stakeholders tend to obstruct such policies or dilute their impacts. Additionally, costs are borne by those who implement the policies or comply with them, while benefits accrue to all, creating incentives to free ride. Finally, costs must be paid in the present, while benefits only materialize over time. This chapter analyses the political economy of the introduction of a carbon tax in Mexico in 2013 with the objective of learning from that process in order to facilitate the eventual implementation of an effective cap-and-trade system in Mexico. Many of the lessons in Mexico are likely to be applicable elsewhere. As countries struggle to meet the goals of international environmental agreements, it is of utmost importance that we understand the conditions under which it is feasible to implement policies that reduce carbon emissions.
Hyperosmolarity adversely impacts recombinant protein synthesis by Yarrowia lipolytica—molecular background revealed by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Kubiak-Szymendera Monika , Skupien-Rabian Bozena , Jankowska Urszula , Celińska Ewelina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this research, we were interested in answering a question whether subjecting a Yarrowia lipolytica strain overproducing a recombinant secretory protein (rs-Prot) to pre-optimized stress factors may enhance synthesis of the rs-Prot. Increased osmolarity (3 Osm kg−1) was the primary stress factor implemented alone or in combination with decreased temperature (20 °C), known to promote synthesis of rs-Prots. The treatments were executed in batch bioreactor cultures, and the cellular response was studied in terms of culture progression, gene expression and global proteomics, to get insight into molecular bases underlying an awaken reaction. Primarily, we observed that hyperosmolarity executed by high sorbitol concentration does not enhance synthesis of the rs-Prot but increases its transcription. Expectedly, hyperosmolarity induced synthesis of polyols at the expense of citric acid synthesis and growth, which was severely limited. A number of stress-related proteins were upregulated, including heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and aldo–keto reductases, as observed at transcriptomics and proteomics levels. Concerted downregulation of central carbon metabolism, including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid synthesis, highlighted redirection of carbon fluxes. Elevated abundance of HSPs and osmolytes did not outbalance the severe limitation of protein synthesis, marked by orchestrated downregulation of translation (elongation factors, several aa-tRNA synthetases), amino acid biosynthesis and ribosome biogenesis in response to the hyperosmolarity. Altogether we settled that increased osmolarity is not beneficial for rs-Prots synthesis in Y. lipolytica, even though some elements of the response could assist this process. Insight into global changes in the yeast proteome under the treatments is provided.

Key points
• Temp enhances, but Osm decreases rs-Prots synthesis by Y. lipolytica.
• Enhanced abundance of HSPs and osmolytes is overweighted by limited translation.
• Global proteome under Osm, Temp and Osm Temp treatments was studied.
Extra-pair paternity in a species with frequent extra-pair courtship feedings, few extra-pair copulations, and male-biased parental care
Authors: Ledwoń Mateusz , Szczys Patricia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatterns of extra pair paternity (EPP) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP) were studied in a Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida population characterized by female brood desertion, a high level of extra pair courtship feedings (10%) and a low level of extra pair copulation (EPC; 0.6%). In this study, we used a set of microsatellite loci to analyse parentage in 56 Whiskered Tern families from southern Poland. Depending on the method, we detected that 1.4%–3.6% of chicks were sired by an extra-pair male, and extra-pair chicks were present in 3.6%–8.9% of broods. IBP was observed in 8.9%–14.3% of broods, corresponding to 3.6%–6.4% of the chicks. The low rate of EPP is in agreement with the hypothesis that in species with high male parental investment, females should avoid EPC. The low level of IBP indicates that intraspecific egg dumping is not a common female strategy in Whiskered Tern, similar to many other colonial waterbird species.