bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation impact metrics in NWP: A theoretical study. Part I: Optimal systems
Authors: Eyre J. R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwo methods are widely used to assess the impact of observations in global numerical weather prediction (NWP): data denial experiments (DDEs) and the forecast sensitivity‐based observation impact (FSOI) method. A DDE measures the impact on forecast accuracy of removing an observation type from the system, whereas FSOI measures the amount by which an observation type reduces the short‐range forecast error (within a system containing all observation types). It is usually found, in global NWP experiments in which both methods are used, that the FSOI impact of a given observation type is greater than its DDE impact. The aim of this article is to present the theory behind the DDE and FSOI metrics that are commonly used and to explore factors that cause DDE and FSOI metrics to give different results. The general theory is presented for an optimal analysis and forecast system and then applied to a simple model with two state variables. To explain the commonly found result of FSOI impact greater than DDE impact, the following system properties are found to be important: mixing of information (and error) by the forecast model between state variables, the rate of forecast error growth, the presence of forecast model error, the way in which observational information is distributed between state variables and denied from them, and the presence of error in the data used for forecast verification. These results provide insight into why NWP systems are resilient to the removal of observational information; they are shown to be resilient if information is denied primarily from well‐observed variables but not when denied primarily from poorly observed variables.
Desired dynamic equationalproportional‐integral‐derivativecontroller design based on probabilistic robustness
Authors: Shi Gengjin , Li Donghai , Ding Yanjun , Chen Yang Quan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUncertainties existing in industrial processes always result in many challenges for controller design. To enhance the ability of the closed‐loop system to handle the uncertainties, a desired dynamic equational (DDE) proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controller is designed based on probabilistic robustness (PR) in this article. The necessity of the proposed design method is demonstrated by introducing the problem formulation. Based on its fundamentals, DDE PID designed based on PR (DDE‐PR PID) is proposed for uncertain systems and corresponding design procedure is summarized as a flow chart. Then the proposed DDE‐PR PID is designed for several typical processes and simulation results indicate that the proposed DDE‐PR PID cannot only achieve satisfactory control performance for nominal systems, but also satisfy control requirements for all uncertain systems with the maximum probability. Finally, the proposed DDE‐PR PID is applied to the nonlinear model of a fluidized bed combustor unit and the level system of a water tank. Its superiority in robustness is validated by both simulations and experiments, which shows the promising prospect of DDE‐PR PID in future power industry. On the other hand, the DDE method is extended to the generalized two‐degree‐of‐freedom PID controller and its bandwidth‐parameterization is proposed in this article as well.
Physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Kua Zaylea , Hamzah Fadzil , Tan Pei T. , Ong Li J. , Tan Benedict , Huang Zhongwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID‐19 has precipitated international lockdown measures to curb disease transmissions. The closure of public activity spaces as well as changes in pandemic workload may disrupt healthcare workers' physical activity and self‐care routines. We sought to examine the association between physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 lockdown in Singapore. This cross‐sectional study comprised of an multidomain survey that was administered digitally to 707 healthcare workers between 17 May and 18 June 2020. Exercise frequency, duration and intensity of these healthcare workers had reduced significantly during the lockdown compared to pre‐lockdown. 25.3%, 37.2%, and 11.9% had screened positive for moderate‐to‐extremely‐severe depression, anxiety and stress respectively. Reductions in exercise duration was a significant risk factor for mild stress and moderate‐to‐severe depression while increase in exercise frequency was found to be a protective factor against depressed mood. Our study revealed that a short‐term reduction in physical activity levels during lockdown was associated with poorer psychological outcomes. Given the protection that exercise confers on depression, physical activity should be promoted at the workplace and at home to support healthcare workers to cope through this protracted health crisis.
Mechanically Tunable Lattice‐Plasmon Resonances by Templated Self‐Assembled Superlattices for Multi‐Wavelength Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Charconnet Mathias , Kuttner Christian , Plou Javier , García‐Pomar Juan Luis , Mihi Agustín , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Seifert Andreas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLattice plasmons, i.e., diffractively coupled localized surface plasmon resonances, occur in long‐range ordered plasmonic nanostructures such as 1D and 2D periodic lattices. Such far‐field coupled resonances can be employed for ultrasensitive surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), provided they are spectrally matched to the excitation wavelength. The spectral positions of lattice plasmon modes critically depend on the lattice period and uniformity, owing to their pronounced sensitivity to structural disorder. We report the fabrication of superlattices by templated self‐assembly of gold nanoparticles on a flexible support, with tunable lattice‐plasmon resonances by means of macroscopic strain. We demonstrate that the highest SERS performance is achieved by matching the lattice plasmon mode to the excitation wavelength, by post‐assembly fine‐tuning of long‐range structural parameters. Both asymmetric and symmetric lattice deformations can be used to adapt a single lattice structure to both red‐shifted and blue‐shifted excitation lines, as exemplified by lattice expansion and contraction, respectively. This proof‐of‐principle study represents a basis for alternative designs of adaptive functional nanostructures with mechanically tunable lattice resonances using strain as a macroscopic control parameter.
Treatment outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for colorectal neoplasms in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kasuga Kengo , Yamada Masayoshi , Shida Dai , Tagawa Teppei , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Masau , Sakamoto Taku , Uraoka Toshio , Sekine Shigeki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Saito Yutaka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to clarify the validity and long‐term outcomes of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of visible lesions (≥20 mm) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and investigate the incidence of undetected lesions in surgical specimens.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective study included 11 lesions from nine patients with UC who underwent ESD and 19 lesions from nine patients with UC who underwent colectomy between March 2001 and January 2019. We evaluated the endoscopic findings of scarring, atrophy, and loss of haustra in the ESD group, and we determined the lesion visibility in the colectomy group. We investigated the clinicopathological features of all lesions and examined the follow‐up evaluations in the ESD group.ResultsThe en bloc and curative resection rates of ESDs were 91% and 82%, respectively. Endoscopic findings of scarring, atrophic colitis, and loss of haustra were observed in two (18%), seven (64%), and one (9%) lesions, respectively. The two lesions with scarring showed severe submucosal fibrosis. Mortality and recurrence were not observed during the median follow‐up of 25 months. Metachronous lesions ≥20 mm were detected in two patients, which were successfully treated with ESDs. In the colectomy specimens, 21% of the lesions were undetected, 67% had multiple neoplasms, and 33% had multiple invasive cancers.ConclusionsESD is feasible and valid for large visible lesions in patients with UC; however, for lesions with endoscopic findings of scarring, technical difficulties in endoscopic resection must be considered. In addition, intensive surveillance colonoscopy is necessary to detect undetected lesions.
The Different Ways of Implementing Shared Physical Custody in the French Context
Authors: Hachet Benoit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrawing on quantitative contextual data, this largely qualitative study comprehensively explores the different ways of obtaining shared physical custody (SPC) in France. I show that the choice of SPC depends on the historical context in which the marital separation occurred. I distinguish three ways of entering into SPC: situations of parental disagreement settled by law, situations in which a third party intervened in the decision, and situations of parental agreement. In this final category, I discuss the category of agreement itself, showing that behind seemingly obvious, though far from explicit, ways of reasoning lie processes of influence and negotiation occurring between separated mothers and fathers.
Are “Part-Time Parents” Healthier and Happier Parents? Correlates of Shared Physical Custody in Switzerland
Authors: Recksiedler Claudia , Bernardi Laura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChanging legal and parental practices across Europe led to a higher share of parents practicing shared physical custody (SPC) upon separation, who tended to be more affluent and less conflict-ridden. Since SPC became more prevalent, profiles of SPC parents pluralized. Far from these developments, no clearly defined legal pathways toward SPC existed in Switzerland before 2017. Profiling the Swiss case, we examine the prevalence of SPC families, and its associations with parental health and well-being before these legislative changes. Among 875 separated parents of 1,269 minors, SPC (i.e., child alternates between parental homes at least 30% of the time) was practiced by about 11% of the sample. A higher share of SPC parents was highly-educated, yet more financially strained compared to other parents. Although no overall differences in health and well-being emerged between SPC and other separated parents (e.g., with sole custody), SPC-health-linkages varied by gender and education. We conclude that lacking institutional support for SPC and gender-biased employment practices reinforce traditional custody models. Because of costly childcare and more skewed time splits among Swiss SPC parents, SPC may represent more of a resource drain—at least economically—than a relief for the parent shouldering more care duties and expenses.
Equational Theorem Proving Modulo
Authors: Kim Dohan , Lynch Christopher 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnlike other methods for theorem proving modulo with constrained clauses [12, 13], equational theorem proving modulo with constrained clauses along with its simplification techniques has not been well studied. We introduce a basic paramodulation calculus modulo equational theories E satisfying certain properties of E and present a new framework for equational theorem proving modulo E with constrained clauses. We propose an inference rule called Generalized E-Parallel for constrained clauses, which makes our inference system completely basic, meaning that we do not need to allow any paramodulation in the constraint part of a constrained clause for refutational completeness. We present a saturation procedure for constrained clauses based on relative reducibility and show that our inference system including our contraction rules is refutationally complete.
Verified Interactive Computation of Definite Integrals
Authors: Xu Runqing , Li Liming , Zhan Bohua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSymbolic computation is involved in many areas of mathematics, as well as in analysis of physical systems in science and engineering. Computer algebra systems present an easy-to-use interface for performing these calculations, but do not provide strong guarantees of correctness. In contrast, interactive theorem proving provides much stronger guarantees of correctness, but requires more time and expertise. In this paper, we propose a general framework for combining these two methods, and demonstrate it using computation of definite integrals. It allows the user to carry out step-by-step computations in a familiar user interface, while also verifying the computation by translating it to proofs in higher-order logic. The system consists of an intermediate language for recording computations, proof automation for simplification and inequality checking, and heuristic integration methods. A prototype is implemented in Python based on HolPy, and tested on a large collection of examples at the undergraduate level.
Tableau-based Decision Procedure for Non-Fregean Logic of Sentential Identity
Authors: Golińska-Pilarek Joanna , Huuskonen Taneli , Zawidzki Michał 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSentential Calculus with Identity ($$\mathsf {SCI}$$
SCI
) is an extension of classical propositional logic, featuring a new connective of identity between formulas. In $$\mathsf {SCI}$$
SCI
two formulas are said to be identical if they share the same denotation. In the semantics of the logic, truth values are distinguished from denotations, hence the identity connective is strictly stronger than classical equivalence. In this paper we present a sound, complete, and terminating algorithm deciding the satisfiability of $$\mathsf {SCI}$$
SCI
-formulas, based on labelled tableaux. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first implemented decision procedure for $$\mathsf {SCI}$$
SCI
which runs in NP, i.e., is complexity-optimal. The obtained complexity bound is a result of dividing derivation rules in the algorithm into two sets: decomposition and equality rules, whose interplay yields derivation trees with branches of polynomial length with respect to the size of the investigated formula. We describe an implementation of the procedure and compare its performance with implementations of other calculi for $$\mathsf {SCI}$$
SCI
(for which, however, the termination results were not established). We show possible refinements of our algorithm and discuss the possibility of extending it to other non-Fregean logics.
Improving ENIGMA-style Clause Selection while Learning From History
Authors: Suda Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe re-examine the topic of machine-learned clause selection guidance in saturation-based theorem provers. The central idea, recently popularized by the ENIGMA system, is to learn a classifier for recognizing clauses that appeared in previously discovered proofs. In subsequent runs, clauses classified positively are prioritized for selection. We propose several improvements to this approach and experimentally confirm their viability. For the demonstration, we use a recursive neural network to classify clauses based on their derivation history and the presence or absence of automatically supplied theory axioms therein. The automatic theorem prover Vampire guided by the network achieves a 41 % improvement on a relevant subset of SMT-LIB in a real time evaluation.
The Fusemate Logic Programming System
Authors: Baumgartner Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFusemate is a logic programming system that implements the possible model semantics for disjunctive logic programs. Its input language is centered around a weak notion of stratification with comprehension and aggregation operators on top of it. Fusemate is implemented as a shallow embedding in the Scala programming language. This enables using Scala data types natively as terms, a tight interface with external systems, and it makes model computation available as an ordinary container data structure constructor. The paper describes the above features and implementation aspects. It also demonstrates them with a non-trivial use-case, the embedding of the description logic $$\mathcal ALCIF$$

A
L
C
I
F

into Fusemate’s input language.
Whole-body uptake classification and prostate cancer staging in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using dual-tracer learning
Authors: Capobianco Nicolò , Sibille Ludovic , Chantadisai Maythinee , Gafita Andrei , Langbein Thomas , Platsch Guenther , Solari Esteban Lucas , Shah Vijay , Spottiswoode Bruce , Eiber Matthias , Weber Wolfgang A. , Navab Nassir , Nekolla Stephan G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In PSMA-ligand PET/CT imaging, standardized evaluation frameworks and image-derived parameters are increasingly used to support prostate cancer staging. Clinical applicability remains challenging wherever manual measurements of numerous suspected lesions are required. Deep learning methods are promising for automated image analysis, typically requiring extensive expert-annotated image datasets to reach sufficient accuracy. We developed a deep learning method to support image-based staging, investigating the use of training information from two radiotracers.

Methods
In 173 subjects imaged with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, divided into development (121) and test (52) sets, we trained and evaluated a convolutional neural network to both classify sites of elevated tracer uptake as nonsuspicious or suspicious for cancer and assign them an anatomical location. We evaluated training strategies to leverage information from a larger dataset of 18F-FDG PET/CT images and expert annotations, including transfer learning and combined training encoding the tracer type as input to the network. We assessed the agreement between the N and M stage assigned based on the network annotations and expert annotations, according to the PROMISE miTNM framework.

Results
In the development set, including 18F-FDG training data improved classification performance in four-fold cross validation. In the test set, compared to expert assessment, training with 18F-FDG data and the development set yielded 80.4% average precision [confidence interval (CI): 71.1–87.8] for identification of suspicious uptake sites, 77% (CI: 70.0–83.4) accuracy for anatomical location classification of suspicious findings, 81% agreement for identification of regional lymph node involvement, and 77% agreement for identification of metastatic stage.

Conclusion
The evaluated algorithm showed good agreement with expert assessment for identification and anatomical location classification of suspicious uptake sites in whole-body 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. With restricted PSMA-ligand data available, the use of training examples from a different radiotracer improved performance. The investigated methods are promising for enabling efficient assessment of cancer stage and tumor burden.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung
Authors: Riffer Friedrich , Knopp Magdalena , Burghardt Juliane , Sprung Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei psychischen Erkrankungen sind vielfach belegt. Auch bei der Inanspruchnahme psychotherapeutischer und medizinischer Versorgungsangebote sind Geschlechtsunterschiede festzustellen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Geschlechtsunterschiede bei der Inanspruchnahme psychotherapeutischer Versorgungsangebote in Österreich, da hierzu bisher keine Studien vorliegen.

Material und Methoden
Eine Stichprobe von 1909 Patient*innen (64 % Frauen) mit einer psychischen Erkrankung wurde im Rahmen einer stationären Behandlung in einer psychosomatischen Klinik in Österreich zur Inanspruchnahme ambulanter psychotherapeutischer Behandlung befragt. Sowohl psychotherapeutische Vorbehandlung als auch geplante weiterführende Behandlung wurden einbezogen.

Ergebnisse
Der größte Teil der Patient*innen (70 %) litt seit mehr als 2 Jahren an einer psychischen Erkrankung, und knapp die Hälfte (45 %) war bereits zuvor in stationärer und 82 % in ambulanter psychotherapeutischer Behandlung. Demnach handelt es sich um eine Stichprobe chronisch psychisch kranker Menschen. Die Studienergebnisse zeigten geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei der Inanspruchnahme psychotherapeutischer Behandlung. Männer gingen seltener zum Arzt, waren weniger häufig in psychotherapeutischer Vorbehandlung (Männer: 79 %; Frauen: 84 %) und planten weniger häufig eine weiterführende Behandlung im Anschluss an eine stationäre Behandlung als Frauen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Geschlechtsunterschiede bei der Inanspruchnahme von psychotherapeutischer Behandlung könnten damit erklärt werden, dass es Unterschiede in den gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen gegenüber Männern und Frauen gibt. Die Behandlungsmotivation von Männern könnte durch eine geschlechtsspezifische Behandlungsstrategie gefördert werden.
The role of natural killer cells in liver inflammation
Authors: Highton A. J. , Schuster I. S. , Degli-Esposti M. A. , Altfeld M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe liver is an important immunological site that can promote immune tolerance or activation. Natural killer (NK) cells are a major immune subset within the liver, and therefore understanding their role in liver homeostasis and inflammation is crucial. Due to their cytotoxic function, NK cells are important in the immune response against hepatotropic viral infections but are also involved in the inflammatory processes of autoimmune liver diseases and fatty liver disease. Whether NK cells primarily promote pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic responses is not known for many liver diseases. Understanding the involvement of NK cells in liver inflammation will be crucial in effective treatment and future immunotherapeutic targeting of NK cells in these disease settings. Here, we explore the role that NK cells play in inflammation of the liver in the context of viral infection, autoimmunity and fatty liver disease.