bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letters to the Editor
Authors: CORNBLATH MARVIN , FORBES AUDREY E. , PILDES ROSITA S. , LUEBBEN GERTRUDE , GREENGARD JOSEPH 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate Dr. Tow's comments and apologize for not referring to him by name, although his classical book, Diseases of the Newborn, published in 1937, was included in the bibliography.
We also agree that expert obstetrical care and management are critical in the intact survival of every newborn.
Our only disagreement is that we firmly and unequivocally believe that carefully controlled studies in the care of the low birth weight infant are essential if we are to avoid making "full cycle" every 20 to 30 years based on clinical impressions.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: INTERPRETING THE POSITIVE SCREENING TEST IN THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Scriver Charles R. 
Published: December 2021

THE recent interest in metabolic screening in the newborn period stems from the belief that early detection of certain hereditary metabolic diseases provides the best opportunity to initiate treatment. It has been implied generally that identification of an aberrant biochemical phenotype is synonymous with disease; treatment ought, therefore, to be initiated to restore the normal phenotype in order to prevent harm to the patient. A practical application of this philosophy emerged in the case of phenylketonuria; a nation-wide alert to prevent mental retardation provided fertile ground for "phenylketonuria" screening programs to take root and appear abruptly in the mainstream of medical care. Many state legislatures were convinced that eradication of any cause of mental retardation was an important venture; thus, enabling or compulsory legislation was passed to achieve this end. How to interpret the "positive screening test" and how to divine its true significance has, therefore, become a problem which could face any pediatrician at any time in North America today.
A recent editorial in Pediatrics commenting on neonatal screening programs noted that they may bring both good and harm. An accompanying article described the vicissitudes which beset several investigators of neonatal tyrosinemia. Early impressions suggested that infants would benefit from treatment of their tyrosinemia; however, the need for treatment in most infants with tyrosinemia was not substantiated after more detailed investigations had been performed. It is easy to see how harm might have been done in terms of quite unnecessary treatment for neonatal tyrosinemia, although at one point it seemed that it might be good to screen all infants for neonatal tyrosinemia.
Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde
Authors: EICHENWALD HEINZ F. 
Published: December 2021

Volume III of the Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde contributes another significant segment to the encyclopedic exposition of the entire field of pediatrics, which eventually will occupy nine large volumes. Volumes II and IV have previously been reviewed in this journal. Also available at this time are Volume V (Infectious Diseases) and Volume VII (The Lungs, The Heart, Cardiopulmonary Function, The Kidneys, and The Urinary System).
Volume III deals with two separate fields, immunology and social pediatrics. It contains contributions by 67 authors; most authors are from Germany but some are also from Switzerland Poland, and the United States.
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES OF PLASMA PROTEINS IN NORMAL CHILDREN
Authors: KNAPP ELIZABETH L. , ROUTH JOSEPH I. 
Published: December 2021

Electrophoretic studies of plasma proteins have been made for 54 healthy children ranging in age from birth to 17 years. Mean values for most plasma protein fractions agreed well with previously published results for normal adults and children, but changes in the relative concentration of some of the components with age were noted.
Although the percentage of albumin decreased from infancy to midchildhood and appeared to be lowest in children 5 to 11 years old, figures for absolute concentration of albumin in gm./100 ml. showed no significant decrease in albumin for this age group.
The percentage and the absolute concentration of α2-globulin were highest in infancy and decreased gradually with increasing age.
Both the percentage and the absolute concentration of γ-globulin decreased from unusually high values in the newborn infant to unusually low values in infancy, then gradually increased with age to reach the normal adult level in midchildhood, 5 to 11 years of age. These changes are believed to be related to the loss of passive immunity received by the infant from its mother and the accumulation of antibodies and the development of active immunity in the child.
HUMORAL ANTIBODY FORMATION IN INFANTS AGED ONE TO THREE MONTHS INJECTED WITH A TRIPLE (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS) ALUM-PRECIPITATED ANTIGEN
Authors: BRADFORD WILLIAM L. , DAY ELIZABETH , MARTIN FREDERICK 
Published: December 2021

Immunization of infants, 1 to 3 months of age, with an alum-precipitated antigen containing diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and Hemophilus pertussis organisms resulted in satisfactory humoral antibody levels against diphtheria and tetanus. Ninety-seven per cent of the subjects tested revealed more than the generally accepted level of protection against diphtheria and 94% showed a similar result against tetanus.
In regard to pertussis, only a few of the immunized infants developed agglutinative titers of 1:320 or higher. However, analysis of the titers in terms of the expected number of cases of pertussis, if subjected to family exposure, indicates that probably 75% of the infants were protected.
When tested six months after the completion of the original series of injections, each of 29 infants gave positive skin reactions to the injection of agglutinogen.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: ZISMAN ALAN S. 
Published: December 2021

In the March 1967 issue of Pediatrics you have reprinted the letter of Dr. R. A. Norton, who, as a private practitioner, finds the articles in Pediatrics esoteric and almost useless.
As just another ordinary practitioner, I must disagree with Dr. Norton. I find the journal informative, provocative, and of great value. I find that, in a manner of speaking, it reflects the world in which I live and the field of medicine in which I serve. As a case in point, I take the issue in which Dr. Norton's letter appears, that of March 1967.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: GEEFHUYSEN J. 
Published: December 2021

Thank you for forwarding the letter relating to a further case of temporary idiopathic neonatal hyperglycemia published by W. L. Burland.
I apologize for overlooking Dr. Burland's port of a case of temporary idiopathic neonatal hyperglycemia, which brings the total to date up to 18.
The infant described by me was rehydrated intravenously within 24 hours and thereafter was maintained on oral fluids of 360 ml expressed breast milk and 120 ml water per 24 hours. The infant gained weight normally and did not become dehydrated on this regime. Therefore, in this case no insulin appeared necessary.
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: SMITH STEPHEN A. , NEWMAN ARTHUR J. 
Published: December 2021

Rose and Matson's article in the February issue ofPediatrics (39:227, 1967) seems to indicate a relationship between preceding infection and the development of benign intracranial hypertension. It would be of interest to know the antibiotics used to treat these children's infections.
we have recently encountered a 5-year-old girl with congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract and urinary tract infection who developed headache, vomiting, diplopia, papilledema, and separation of sutures while being treated with tetracycline. She had not received vitamin A, steroids, or other antibiotics.
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS
Authors: Repetto Guillermo , Lisboa Carmen , Emparanza Eugenia , Ferretti Ricardo , Neira Manuel , Etchart Martin , Meneghello Julio 
Published: December 2021

Eleven cases of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis were studied over a 10-year period. The main clinical features were irondeficiency anemia and mild recurrent hemoptysis. Pulmonary opacities which changed in a few days were constantly seen radiologically during the acute episodes. In addition, permanent reticulation and miliary-type stippling were present in the children who developed lung fibrosis.
Respiratory function tests, including diffusing capacity of lungs, were studied in five children and an attempt was made to correlate lung structure and function.
Diagnosis was confirmed by necropsy or by the finding of siderophages in sputum, gastric washing, pulmonary puncture, or surgical lung biopsy. The last procedure was the only method by which the disease was diagnosed in three children after the other methods were negative.
Anticipating the Response to Amphetamine Therapy in the Treatment of Hyperkinetic Children
Authors: CONRAD W. GLENN , INSEL JONATHAN 
Published: December 2021

It appears that there are two kinds of significant variables pertinent to a positive response to amphetamines: (1) organic factors, which appear primary, and (2) emotional factors, which, if present, counteract or interfere with the drugs' action. In general, those children responded positively to the drug who showed an organic background, positive parent-child relationship, and the absence of severe psychiatric problems in the parents. Seventy-five percent of the O and OE children with parents who were not grossly deviant improved while none became worse.
As with all retrospective studies the absence of a control group prevents examination of such factors as "placebo effect" or the effect of other services received at the Center or in school. However, since positive responses were usually immediate and were maintained over extended periods of time, often after other forms of treatment were unsuccessful, it is felt that these other variables were not significant contaminants.
HOW WELL DO PATIENTS TAKE ORAL PENICILLIN? A COLLABORATIVE STUDY IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Authors: Charney Evan , Bynum Rufus , Eldredge Donald , Frank Donald , MacWhinney James B. , McNabb Neal , Scheiner Albert , Sumpter Edwin A. , Iker Howard 
Published: December 2021

A study of how well children took oral penicillin when prescribed for streptococcal pharyngitis or otitis media was conducted in three private pediatric group practices. The presence of penicillin in the urine, as determined by the Sarcina lutea culture method, was used to assess the compliance rate. A total of 459 patients were studied—107 at five days of therapy and 352 at nine days.
Eighty-one percent of the patients were taking the penicillin as prescribed on the fifth day, and 56% were taking it on the ninth day. Another 13% were erratic takers at the end of therapy. The children with pharyngitis were somewhat more likely to complete therapy than those with otitis media. A number of factors were studied in an attempt to differentiate those who complied with the therapy from those who did not. The take rate was unrelated to age or sex of the child, duration of symptoms, or doctor's estimate of severity of disease at onset. It was correlated with mother's estimate of severity, whether or not their usual doctor prescribed the medicine, and certain personality traits of the mother as perceived by the pediatrician. The implications of the study for the use of oral therapy in children are discussed.
Factors Associated with Impairment of the Early Development of Prematures
Authors: AVERY GORDON B. 
Published: December 2021

This monograph reports a prospective study of the development up to the age of 15 months of 331 infants of low birth weight and 50 control infants of normal weight. Originally started to evaluate the effects of hyperbilirubinemia, the investigation was broadened to include birth weight, social condition, maternal complications, hypoxia, neonatal weight loss, and neonatal infections among the factors analyzed. The study team consisted of a psychologist, pediatrician, social worker, and psychiatrist.
The published results contain no real surprises but represent carefully obtained documentation of the aftereffects of low birth weight and perinatal complications.
Relationship of the Physician in Practice to a Children's Cancer Clinic
Authors: McClelland Charles Q. 
Published: December 2021

I WANT to make clear in the beginning that I am not a hematologist, and I am certainly not a cancer expert. However, I have been asked to present the views of a general pediatrician. I have divided the content of my presentation into three areas. First, the initial period of diagnosis of malignant disease in a child; second the relationship of the primary physician, or the practicing pediatrician, to the family and the clinic in the course of the illness; and, finally, the relationship of the physician to the family and clinic during the terminal stages and, indeed, after the death of the child.
TIME OF INITIAL DIAGNOSIS
First of all, at the time of the initial diagnosis of cancer and a malignant disease in a child, all physicians who serve as family physicians go through some rather serious self-searching problems of their own. This is not a straightforward illness, and there is a great deal of concern, such as "did I miss this diagnosis or did I completely overlook something critical here that has been going on for some time." This is a question that almost everybody who is thoughtful in their relationship with children will ask themselves. In some, it is a very destructive kind of response and, in others, perhaps constructive; but, nevertheless, it is a real one and a frightening one for a physician to face. Secondly, many physicians ask the question: "How can I get rid of this patient? Nobody likes doctors who take care of dying kids; how can I unload this patient?" I am talking of what many people have told me of their feelings.
COLD DIURESIS IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Fisher D. A. 
Published: December 2021

The effect of environmental temperature on urine volume, urine osmolality, creatinine excretion and clearance, and sodium and potassium excretion has been investigated in groups of incubated (seven) and non-incubated (six) newborn, term infants. Environmental temperature for the "warm," incubated infants ranged between 32.6 and 37.6°C; corresponding values for the cooler, non-incubated infants were 22 and 30°C. Fluid intake in the two groups of infants was similar.
Urine volume during the second day in the cooler infants was significantly greater and urine osmolality significantly less than the values in the warm infants. Creatinine excretion throughout the study and creatinine clearance during the second day were similar in the two groups of infants. Although a tendency to greater sodium and potassium excretion was observed in the colder infants at all collection periods, this difference was statistically significant only for potassium excretion between 12 and 24 hours and for total (48 hour) potassium excretion.
These data document a "cold diuresis," unrelated to water intake, in newborn infants maintained at ambient temperatures below 30°C. This diuresis is not due to increased glomerular filtration rate. It is not observed during the first 12 to 24 hours of life, probably because glomerular filtration during this early period is limiting. The electrolyte diuresis characteristic of adults acutely exposed to cold was not observed in the present study, suggesting that the mechanism of the increased electrolyte excretion during cold exposure is independent of the mechanism of water diuresis.
INSULIN RESISTANCE IN DIABETES IN JUVENILES
Authors: Guthrie Richard A. , Murthy D. Y. N. , Womack William 
Published: December 2021

A discussion of insulin resistance in a 10-year-old girl successfully treated with pork insulin is presented. This patient had antibodies to beef insulin. The insulin requirement with beef insulin was in excess of 200 units per day and decreased to about 35 units per day with pork insulin. There was no response to steroid administration.
The literature is reviewed for the very limited number of cases of insulin resistance in children. Only 16 cases under 16 years of age were found. The different types of management of these children with insulin resistance are discussed.
Kohlenhydratstörungen im Kindesalter (Postgraduate Courses in Pediatrics) Vol. 19
Authors: ZELLWEGER HANS 
Published: December 2021

The rapidity with which new volumes of Postgraduate Courses in Pediatrics appear is impressive, and is to be credited to the proficient and industrious editor of this series, Professor E. Rossi of Berne, Switzerland.
Volume 19, Disturbances of Carbohydrate Metabolism, consists of nine chapters, two written in French and seven in German. The purpose of this booklet is to acquaint the practitioner with some of the newer aspects of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. Some of these disturbances (notably the glycogenoses, disaccharidase deficiencies, and monosaccharide malabsorption syndrome) have been omitted from the discussion.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PH1 CHROMOSOME IN ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: SERIAL CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN A CRITICAL CASE
Authors: Mastrangelo Renato , Zuelzer Wolf W. , Thompson Ruby I. 
Published: December 2021

Serial cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow during a prolonged complete remission of AML in a child revealed a dual population of Ph1-positive and -negative cells whose proportions varied with therapy. Although the further course remained typical of AML, blood and bone marrow during remission intermittently showed features consistent with incipient CML. The blastic stem line emerging in relapse was 100% Ph1 positive and showed aneuploidy and a marker chromosome.
The findings support the view that the blastic crisis of CML is identical with AML, for they indicate that the blastic transformation of Ph1-positive cells can occur before the normal marrow population has been completely replaced by descendants of the mutant clone and the proliferative phase of CML has been reached. This further suggests that CML should be included among the conditions carrying a high risk of acute leukemia and that it is the chromosomal defect rather than the myeloproliferative process which constitutes the predisposing factor, in analogy to trisomies and other chromosomal aberrations.
Placental Transfusion or Redistribution of Circulating Red Cell Mass
Authors: BAUM RICHARD S. 
Published: December 2021

The splendid review of placental transfusion published in your July issue (Pediatrics, 40:109, 1967) bravely suggests reasonable definitions of "early" and "late" cord clamping. Placental transfusion itself is not defined, but once again the implication is, "It is what a baby gets when his cord isn't clamped early."
Although cord clamping clearly can influence hugely the placenta-to-baby transfer of blood, might not placental transfusion be defined more accurately by not focusing on considerations of clamping time?
Letters to the Editor
Authors: MACGILLIVRAY M. H. , CRAWFORD J. D. , ROBEY J. S. 
Published: December 2021

The frequency of the clinical association between deafness and hypothyroidism leads us to look forward eagerly to full publication of the results Drs. Bargman and Gardner have obtained with their interesting experimental model. As pointed out in their letter, it is difficult to exclude the diagnosis of Pendred's syndrome in the case we reported recently, although the possibility seems unlikely.
There is no evidence of inheritance of her disorder as a recessive trait since the child is not the product of a consanguineous marriage nor has she any affected siblings or other relatives.
READJUSTMENT IN DISTRIBUTION OF ALVEOLAR VENTILATION AND LUNG PERFUSION IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Ledbetter Marion K. , Homma Takeshi , Farhi Leon E. 
Published: December 2021

An increased urinary-alveolar PN2 difference was demonstrated in normal, full-term infants during time first 6 days of life. This uADN2 results only from regions of the lungs with a low VA/Q and is not affected by true venous admixture, a diffusion barrier, or the presence of atelectasis. The mean aADN2 of 25 mm Hg on the first day of life was comparable to the N2 difference found in patients with severe emphysema. The mean PN2 difference decreased gradually and by time sixth day was approximately 10 mm.
The histologic signs of amniotic detritus in the lungs of virtually all new-born infants dying of non-respiratory causes on the first day of life and the subsequent lower incidence of these materials in the lungs of infants dying during the first week suggests the possibility of partial obstruction and low VA/Q in some regions of the lung. The temporary increase in uADN2, which was found in some cases may indicate that atelectatic areas may open at different times.
Hand-Washing for Nursery Technique
Authors: Lee Henry F. 
Published: December 2021

It is satisfying to see careful questioning of old rules and techniques as exemplified in the communication from Drs. Silverman and Sinclair (Pediatrics, 40:900, 1967) concerning the questionable value of gowns and masks in nurseries.
Nothing that follows here implies the slightest criticism of their valuable work or conclusions or suggests omissions in the frame within which they are working.
An experience of 20 years in both large center city nurseries and in an active community hospital leads me to agree with their conclusion that gowns and masks are not an important part of nursery technique.
Béla Schick, 1877-1967, a Gracious Man
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

In his tenderly written eulogy in the February issue, Dr. Hodes calls attention to Dr. Schick's warmth and friendliness towards others. Although I was not a close personal friend, I was the recipient over the years of a number of neatly, hand-written letters from this great man. These letters always had a gracious tone reminiscent of a bygone era. An example of this is the following written to me in 1964 when Dr. Schick was in his eighty-seventh year:
Oct. 23, 1964
I Just returned from Israel two days ago and found your kind letter of October 10th awaiting me. As much as I would like to attend your meeting Monday evening I feel that it will be impossible for me to do so at the present time.
WHICH ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE DOES THE PREMATURE INFANT PREFER?
Authors: Brück K. 
Published: December 2021

At first glance it may seem to be easy to find the most beneficial thermal environmental condition for the young premature infant. Whoever is of this opinion may be surprised to find an elaborate new article by Glass, Silverman, and Sinclair. appearing in this issue;1 it gives the impression that still more data are needed before a definite answer can be given to this question, particularly if age is included as a variable. Thus, a commentary on past achievements in this field as well as on the questions still open to discussion may not be out of place.
A crucial point in the history of thermal premature care arose, in my opinion, with the introduction of the modern type of transparent incubator, in which the baby was placed unclothed.