bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SURFACE HEAT EXCHANGE
Authors: Selikhov Yu. A. , Ryshchenko I. M. , Gorbunov K. O. , Nagorniy E. R. 
Published: December 2024

Despite the discrete nature of the interaction of droplets of sprayed liquid with a high-temperature surface, the inevitable formation of a liquid film leads to the fact that the main qualitative laws of the heat exchange that occurs in this case are characteristic of the known process of heat exchange during boiling.
At the same time, the presence of extensive theoretical and experimental studies of “large-volume boiling” and the process of steam generation in channels does not allow us to establish the conditions of heat exchange during the thermal interaction of a dispersed liquid - water with different concentrations of surfactants with a high-temperature surface.
We did not find any materials about this process in the scientific literature. With a number of features common to the above two cases of heat exchange (the presence of boiling crises, film and bubble modes, etc.), cooling a high-temperature surface with a droplet medium containing various concentrations of surfactants has significant distinctive features due to the hydrodynamics of the process, which is the subject of further study.
To fully explore the above task, the following must be done:

Develop a methodology for experimental study of local conditions of non-stationary heat exchange of sprayed water with different concentrations of surfactants.
Develop and manufacture an experimental setup on which to conduct research on the effects of irrigation density, surface temperature, degree of liquid underheating, its speed and angle of impingement on the surface.
Develop a mathematical model for calculations of heat flows, heat transfer coefficients, dynamics of hydraulic methods of liquid dispersion – water with different concentrations of surfactants, critical heat flows and surface temperatures in the transition region from film to bubble boiling as a function of determining factors.
Establish the independent influence of the degree of non-stationarity of the process on the heat exchange conditions.
METHODOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF LOCAL CONDITIONS OF NON-STATIONARY HEAT TRANSFER
Authors: Selikhov Yu. A. , Gorbunov K. O. , Shkolnikova T. V. , Pilnyk I. V. 
Published: December 2024

The task of studying the conditions of heat exchange of a sprayed liquid – water with different concentrations of surfactants with a high-temperature surface has defined a number of problems that need to be solved.
Two tasks: development of means for experimental study of non-stationary local conditions of heat exchange of a high-temperature surface with a sprayed liquid, taking into account the possibility of implementing a change in the level of determining factors in the range corresponding to their real values ​​in full-scale energy and metallurgy facilities, and the task of choosing a method for identifying the boundary conditions of heat exchange, from our point of view, are the main ones.
Analysis of scientific publications and our own research have allowed us to establish that the central factor influencing local heat exchange conditions is the local irrigation density, which would be one of the factors for developing effective cooling systems, or for determining the thermal state of an object under various external influences.
The next objective of the study is to investigate the intensity of heat exchange as a function of underheating of the sprayed liquid – water with different concentrations of surfactants at different local irrigation densities and surface temperatures.
Since we are considering a multifactorial problem, modern requirements of the theory of experimental planning have made it possible to develop a methodology for experimental study of local conditions of non-stationary heat exchange, which will allow us to conduct a study of the boundary conditions of heat exchange as a function of the interrelated influence of the irrigation density, surface temperature, velocity and angle of impingement of the sprayed liquid onto the surface.
The measurement technique we have developed will allow us to obtain reliable research results.
Solving the inverse problem of heat conduction will allow us to establish the degree of influence of almost all factors noted as determining. It is obvious that in this case, studying the boundary conditions of heat exchange as a function of the speed of movement of a high-temperature surface results in a large independent problem.
Development and Validation of an AI-Enabled Composite Oral Score Using Large-Scale Dental Data
Authors: Yarlagadda Sri Kalyan , Samavati Navid , Ghorbanifarajzadeh Mina , Levinta Vlada , Sojoudi Alireza , Inam Wardah , Dolan Teresa A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This research introduces Oral Score Basic (OS-B), a novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) derived methodology designed to provide a comprehensive, objective assessment of individual teeth and overall oral health. Leveraging data from more than 340,000 patients across 2,558 U.S. dental practices, OS-B combines radiographic findings and periodontal probing depths with a treatment probability-weighted cost function to quantify the severity of dental conditions. The OS-B score aims to address limitations in prior oral health scoring systems by incorporating nuanced clinical data, accounting for disease severity, and providing a scalable, data-driven approach to measuring oral health. This score was developed using Overjet’s FDA-cleared AI platform, which detects dental conditions using bitewing and periapical radiographs, providing a detailed analysis of each tooth. OS-B’s effectiveness was validated by demonstrating a strong correlation between tooth scores and treatment costs, surpassing the predictive power of previous scoring systems. This research presents a foundational framework for AI-enabled oral health scoring, with potential applications in value-based care, population risk analysis, and consumer health management. Future iterations may expand to include additional dimensions of oral health beyond clinical conditions such as risk factors and measures of oral function and esthetics, further enhancing the score’s clinical utility and patient engagement.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on central adiposity in male shift workers: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Machado-Coelho George Luiz , Pimenta Fausto Aloisio Pedrosa , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , Freitas Sílvia Nascimento 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Low plasma levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) are often observed in obese individuals, but the mechanisms linking vitamin D deficiency to adiposity remain unclear. This study evaluated whether cholecalciferol supplementation influences central adiposity by assessing changes in waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).
Methods
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 198 shift workers from an iron ore extraction company in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants with 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/mL and at least one metabolic alteration—such as metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, or increased WC—were included. They were randomized into three groups: placebo, cholecalciferol 14,000 IU/week, and cholecalciferol 28,000 IU/week, for 4 months. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, WC, and WHtR were measured at baseline and post-intervention.
Results
After 4 months, no significant differences in WC or WHtR were observed between the vitamin D supplementation groups (14,000 IU and 28,000 IU/week) and the placebo group. However, there was a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels in the supplementation groups: +6.23 ng/mL (p25 = 0.58; p75 = 10.61) in the 14,000 IU group and + 15.25 ng/mL (p25 = 10.57; p75 = 19.68) in the 28,000 IU group, compared to a reduction of -0.50 ng/mL (p25= -1.03; p75 = 2.71) in the placebo group (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
In vitamin D-deficient shift workers, supplementation with cholecalciferol for 4 months significantly increased 25(OH)D levels but did not lead to reductions in WC or WHtR. These findings suggest that while vitamin D supplementation improves serum 25(OH)D concentrations, it may not directly impact central adiposity in this population.
The clinical implications of interacting hypothyroid and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Elhussein Amar Babikir , Dawod Ogail Yousif , Abu Ibrahim Ismail Mohammed , babikr Walid G , Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Otayf Abdullah Y. , Bajahzer Mohammed , Mondal Monami Mukherjee , Alageb Nusayba Abdelrhman , Almaki Mohamed M , Ahmed Badreldin S. R. , Abdelmola Ammar , Abdalla Saif Elden B. , Elmobark Mohamed Eltaib , Elbadawi Nour Eldaim Elnoman , Homeida Husham E. , Elamin Nahid Mahmoud Hassan , Alhassen Muntaser Mohammed Fadoul , Khalid Asaad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose uptake, affecting millions worldwide. Hypothyroidism, a common thyroid disorder, frequently coexists with T2DM, complicating disease management. This study investigates the prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients and its relationship with lipid profiles and clinical parameters. A total of 275 diabetic patients and 136 healthy controls were included. Glycemic control, thyroid function, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels were assessed.
Results indicated that in the diabetic group, (39%) had non-hypothyroidism, while (44%) had hypothyroidism. People with both conditions had a higher average BMI of 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m² than those with just T2DM (mean: 29.5 ± 4.8 kg/m², p < 0.05). Hypothyroid diabetics had higher fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels (average: 162 ± 20 mg/dL) compared to non-hypothyroid diabetics (average: 145 ± 18 mg/dL). The hypothyroid group showed higher HbA1c levels than the control group (mean: 8.7% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.01). Hypothyroid diabetics showed significantly poorer lipid profiles compared to non-hypothyroid diabetics, with lower HDL (mean: 35 ± 8 mg/dL) and higher LDL (mean: 145 ± 25 mg/dL) and triglycerides (mean: 220 ± 45 mg/dL). Hypothyroid diabetic individuals had a higher prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (average: 12.3 ± 4.6 ng/mL) than control subjects (average: 21.6 ± 5.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001).
In conclusion, the study found that 44% of diabetics have hypothyroidism, which is linked to poorer metabolic indicators compared to diabetics without hypothyroidism. Individuals who have both conditions showed increased BMI, higher fasting blood sugar levels, poorer lipid profiles, and decreased levels of Vitamin D. These results highlight the importance of implementing specific management plans for diabetic individuals who also have hypothyroidism.
Changes in E-scooter related maxillofacial injuries following legislative measures in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Snäll Johanna , Vasara Henri , Murros Olli-Jussi , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Castrén Maaret , Puolakkainen Tero 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The increasing use of e-scooters globally has resulted in a rise in traffic-related injuries, particularly maxillofacial trauma. This study assesses the potential impact of legislative measures, specifically speed limits and night-time usage restrictions, on reducing maxillofacial injuries from e-scooter accidents. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from patients treated for e-scooter-related injuries at Helsinki University Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. The study included 1275 patients, aged ≥ 16 years, treated in three trauma hospitals. Patients not riding e-scooters at the time of injury were excluded. Injury patterns and the influence of legislative measures were analyzed. Among the 1275 patients, 169 (13.3%) sustained maxillofacial injuries. Legislative restrictions were associated with a significant reduction in maxillofacial injuries, with up to an 88% decrease in some months.Predictors of maxillofacial injuries included older age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08), alcohol intoxication (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.5–5.8), and concurrent head and neck injuries (OR 12.1, 95% CI 5.8–25.2). Legislative restrictions on e-scooter use, including speed limits and nighttime riding bans, were associated with a significant reduction in maxillofacial injuries. These findings highlight the importance of targeted policies to mitigate injury risks associated with e-scooter use.
Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection with Multiple Machine Learning Models
Authors: Ahmed Abdelmoty M. , Hanandeh Feras A. , Soliman Amr Mohamed , Gaber Amira M. , Sharif Abdulrahman , Enany Marwa O. Al , Khattab Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) arises from aberrant protein buildup in the brain and impairs cognition. AD is more susceptible to therapy early on, therefore early detection is crucial for effective treatments. In the last decade, machine learning (ML) methods have successfully detected AD and other medical imaging applications. These methods can automatically learn and recover features from large datasets, making them useful for medical picture analysis. Logistic Regression, Radial Basis Function Support Vector, Decision Tree, Random forest, Adaptive-Boost, EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XG-Boost), Voting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Gaussian Naive Bayes, Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), Extra-Gaussian Naive Bayes, and For AD predictions, ML models are assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score using the open access series of imaging studies (OASIS) dataset. The study shows that ML models may be used to generate clinically meaningful AD diagnosis methods in MRI pictures. This paper ranks selected ML models by accuracy scores. Random forest, Voting, and Boosting classifiers achieved 100% accuracy and excellent results, while Passive Aggressive and KNN classifiers had lower scores.
Forward-Reflected-Backward Algorithms with Double Inertial Extrapolations for Variational Inequalities with Applications to Image Processing
Authors: Yao Yonghong , Adamu Abubakar , Shehu Yekini , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This paper designs forward-reflected-backward algorithms with two inertial extrapolation steps to solve variational inequalities of quasi-monotone operators. We consider forward-reflected algorithms with two inertial extrapolation steps for constant and non-decreasing self-adaptive step sizes. The algorithms also feature one projection and operator evaluation at each inertial step per iteration. We give weak convergence results for the two proposed algorithms. Strong convergence and linear convergence results are also achieved under standard conditions. Numerical results from image processing confirm the superiority of our algorithms over other related ones in the literature.
2020 MSC classification: 47H05, 47J20, 47J25, 65K15, 90C25.
Heavy Metal Pollution from Illegal Mining ‘Galamsey’ Activities on the Viability of Clarias Gariepinus in the Oda River, Ghana
Authors: Adusei Seth , Gikunoo Emmanuel , Arthur Emmanuel Kwesi , Amponsah William , Agyemang Frank Ofori , Ohemeng-Boahen Godfred 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Activities associated with illegal mining “galamsey’’ often result in significant environmental degradation, particularly to water bodies. In the case of River Oda, like all other affected areas in Ghana, galamsey operations contribute to the pollution of the water body with some heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). These heavy metals have posed a significant threat to the aquatic environment (fish population) and human health. In this study, the effect of the concentration of Hg, Cd and As at varying concentrations (2, 4 and 6 ppm) and its interactions on the growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was investigated. A total of 154 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to varying concentrations of the heavy metals for 42 days. The results revealed that Hg exhibited a negative effect on fish survival, while Cd showed a positive impact, with varying patterns of growth and mortality rates within the three concentrations. As, however, showed no significant effect on the growth and survival of fingerlings. Combinations of Hg, Cd, and As concentrations resulted in a significant negative effect on fish growth and survival. Furthermore, the interactions between Hgand Cd, as well as Hg and As, had negative significant impacts on the fingerlings, with higher concentrations resulting in lower growth and survival rates. Cd and As had a positive effect on the fingerlings. The study concluded that higher concentration of Hg; with or without the presence of other heavy metals, may result in high reduction of growth and survival of fish. This research highlights the environmental risks of continuous Hg, Cd, and As release into the River Oda, emphasizing the need for monitoring and control to protect ecosystems, human well-being and local economies as called for in Sustainable Development Goal 6.
Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ismail Youssef A. , Habib Omar K. , El-Bannan Yahya , Ramadan Raneem , El-Badry Mohammed E. , Rabea Ahmed R. , Fouad Amira A. , El-Tahlawy Salsapeel I. , El-Shawa Rahma M. , Atef Mohammed , Henidak Mohammed O. , El-Kader Rahma A. Abd , El-Lawendy Abdullah , El-Morsy Mariam , El-Rayes Mariam S. , El-Hasanen Hanem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Tobacco use disorder remains one of the most prevalent substances use disorders globally, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. While pharmacological and behavioral interventions have been effective, relapse rates remain high, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. One such approach is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown promise in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including medication-resistant conditions.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of rTMS in smoking cessation, its impact on abstinence rates, nicotine dependence, and craving.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Clinicaltrials.gov) from inception to August 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating rTMS as a treatment for smoking cessation, with outcomes including nicotine dependence, craving, abstinence, and cigarette consumption.
Results
We included 17 RCTs involving 859 participants were included in this review. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in nicotine dependence based on the Fagerström Test (mean difference = -0.47, 95% CI [-0.88 to -0.06], P = 0.03). rTMS also demonstrated significant reductions in craving, as measured by the Tobacco Questionnaire for Smoking Urges (mean difference = -10.88, 95% CI [-12.87 to -8.89], P < 0.00001). Self-reported abstinence showed a significant improvement (risk ratio = 1.91, 95% CI [1.16 to 3.14], P = 0.01). However, no significant effects were observed for self-reported cigarette consumption (mean difference = -3.81, 95% CI [-7.99 to 0.38], P = 0.07) or the Visual Analog Scale for craving (pooled standardized mean difference = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.66 to 0.12], P = 0.17). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences based on rTMS targets (e.g., DLPFC, insula) or the number of sessions.
Conclusion
rTMS shows promising potential as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation by reducing nicotine dependence, alleviating craving, and improving abstinence rates. However, its effectiveness is not uniform across all smoking-related outcomes. With further research, rTMS could become a valuable component of comprehensive smoking cessation strategies.
Dynamic Patterns of Growth and Structural Transformation: Comparative Regional Insights and Strategic Lessons
Authors: Altasseb Habtamu Getnet , Angelsen Professor Arild , Garcia Professor Roberto J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study analyzes economic growth and structural transformation (ST) across East Asia (EA), Southeast Asia (SEA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regions from 1980 to 2020, utilizing Shapley growth decomposition to evaluate sectoral contributions to productivity and income growth. It highlights the pivotal role of ST in driving sustained growth and reveals distinct regional trajectories. EA transitioned effectively from agriculture to manufacturing and high-tech services, propelled by industrialization and export-led growth. In contrast, SSA's progress has been slower, with limited industrialization and dependence on agriculture and low-value services, resulting in fragile growth. While EA exemplifies economic maturity with a shift to high-value services, its declining manufacturing share underscores the need to sustain industrial competitiveness. SEA’s balanced growth, driven by industrialization and rising service employment, calls for investments in manufacturing and infrastructure to avoid premature deindustrialization. SSA's underindustrialization and reliance on low-productivity services reflect enormous structural challenges, necessitating industrialization, agricultural modernization, and service-sector development to foster growth and reduce poverty. To achieve sustainable growth, SEA must enhance manufacturing competitiveness, SSA should prioritize industrialization and productivity improvements, and EA must focus on innovation-driven growth in high-value services to maintain its economic success.
JEL Codes: O11, O13, O14, O41, O47, R11
Investigation of Silent Neurological Ischemia in Pacemaker-Implanted Patients with Atrial High-Rate Episodes (AHRE)
Authors: Çınar Ahmet , Gedikli Ömer , Uyanık Muhammet , Avcı Bahattin , Terzi Özlem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Atrial high-rate episode (AHRE) is defined according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines as a heart rate of ≥175 bpm lasting at least 5 minutes. This study aimed to investigate whether neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels, an indicator of silent neurological ischemia, could be used as an effective biomarker to demonstrate silent neurological ischemia in patients with detected AHRE and to examine factors associated with AHRE.
METHODS
Patients with AHRE detected in pacemaker analysis and a control group without any arrhythmias were included. Patients with AHRE were divided into subgroups according to AHRE duration: Group 1: AHRE <5 minutes, Group 2: AHRE ≥5 minutes - <1 hour, Group 3: AHRE ≥1 hour - <24 hours, Group 4: AHRE ≥24 hours. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels of the patients were measured.
RESULTS
There were 160 patients, including 80 (50.0%) in the AHRE group and 80 (50.0%) in the control group. According to AHRE duration, there were 24 (30.0%) patients in Group 1, 33 (41.2%) in Group 2, 19 (23.8%) in Group 3, and 4 (5.0%) in Group 4. Patients with AHRE had statistically significant differences in age, sPAP, transmitral E/A ratio and NSE levels. The mean NSE levels of all groups were significantly different (p<0.001). Correlation analysis in patients with AHRE showed a very strong positive correlation between AHRE duration and NSE values as well as correlations with age, CHA2DS2-VASc score and LA diameter. NSE levels were positively correlated with AHRE duration and LA diameter. AHRE duration was an independent predictor of elevated NSE levels.
CONCLUSION
It was shown that AHRE is associated with silent neurological ischemia and that NSE levels can be used to demonstrate these neurological effects. Future studies can contribute to the development of more effective treatment strategies based on these findings by investigating the neurological effects of AHRE in more detail.