bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment on fundamental behaviours of wavelength and height of vegetated alternate bar in river
Authors: Salleh Mohd Zulkhairi Mat , Ibrahim Zulkiflee , Saari Radzuan , Jumain Mazlin , Ismail Zulhilmi , Shariff Muhamad Effandi Mohd , Zulkifli Nurdalina Syuhada , Mazlan Che Ku Ahmad Lukman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study on the alternate bar has been implemented by many researchers previously. However, the detailed analysis of the formation of the vegetated alternate bar is still not sufficient, especially on the bar wavelength, height, and width. Therefore, this present study provides an analysis of the experimental approach on the vegetated alternate bar formations. The focus was on the characteristics of wavelength, height, and width of the alternate bar. The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship of these parameters for three different conditions of alternate bar formations of non-vegetated, full and half patches of vegetation alternate bar. The flume of 10 m long and 1 m wide with erodible bed and fixed banks were used for the experiments with uniform bed sediment of size 0.8 mm. The wavelength and height of both full and half vegetated alternate bars increased compared to non-vegetated thus stabilized the formation of the alternate bar in the channels. The vegetation also reduced the value of the shield parameter to produce high deposition on the bar. The width of the bar increased at the head and body of the vegetated bar however it was decreased in the area of bar edge. Therefore, it could say that vegetation gives positive impacts on the alternate bar formation characteristics especially on its formation and stability in the rivers.
The effects of rainfall intensity to floor interception of Axonopus Compressus (Dwaft) under controlled condition
Authors: Azida A B Azinoor , Syahidah A M Nur , Lee W K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aims to quantify the amount of canopy storage capacity, to determine the canopy interception values and to investigate the effects of rainfall intensities to interception loss for Axonopus compressus (Dwaft) as floor vegetation under laboratory conditions. A rainfall simulator, Kohler GHE20 Hydrology apparatus, has been applied to produce an artificial rainfall with three different intensities. General water balance equation was applied where the changes in water storage between barren land and land with canopy cover was recorded to obtain the interception loss amount. Canopy storage capacity determined from this study was 1.35 to 0.48 mm for 90 to 180 mm/hr rainfall intensity, respectively. Meanwhile, the canopy interception obtained is 3 to 18% from the rainfall depth.
Field evaluation of using coconut husk and fibre to control slope erosion
Authors: Asha’ari Muhammad Afiq , Rahman Ena Kartina Abdul , Ratnayake Uditha , Tan Soon Jiann , Shams Shahriar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
One of the most common temporary measures to control soil slope erosion is the placement of synthetic geotextile or biological cover over the sloping surface. However, synthetic geotextiles have some disadvantages. Firstly, they are much expensive compared to biological materials. Secondly, synthetic geotextiles made of polymeric materials are not biodegradable and are likely to cause soil pollution. The use of natural bio-resources, such as coconut husk and fibre, is less costly and they are readily available in tropical countries. It is environmentally friendly and also durable and will not decompose as fast as live mulches due to its high carbon to nitrogen ratio and lignin content. A field experiment is set up to test two designs of coconut mulches, coconut fibre net and coconut husk using onsite experimental erosion plots with a slope gradient of 27°. The results showed that the coconut husk placed in the correct orientation is effective in reducing soil loss (980 grams), produced two times less soil loss compared to the control plot of bare soil (2465 grams) and coconut fibre net (2410 grams). Both the mulch covers also enhanced soil and water holding capacity promoting vegetation growth.
Kinetic and isotherm studies of empty fruit bunch biochar on ammonium adsorption
Authors: Ahmad R , Sohaimi K S A , Mohamed A R , Zailani S N , Salleh N H M , Azizan N H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The presence of excessive ammonium in wastewater due to agriculture and other industrial activities affects the aquatic plants, animals and human health. Common wastewater practice offers high cost and maintenance as well as low performance. The adsorption technique offers an efficient, economically favourable and reliable physicochemical treatment method. Despite the efficiency, the studies on Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) biochar as an adsorbent for ammonium removal is under discovered. The conducted study described the characterization of EFB biochar together with its kinetic and isotherm studies for ammonium removal. EFB underwent conventional pretreatment using fixed bed reactor at temperature of 350, 450,550 and 650 °C for 60 min of holding time prior for characterization and kinetic studies. For characterization studies, moisture, ash and pH anlysis were performed before proceed with adsorption and kinetic studies. It was found that the increment of temperature resulted in high content of ash and low content of moisture while optimum pH was in the range of pH 7. The optimum condition for ammonium adsorption was 2.5 ppm of EFB, 0.05g of ammonia dosage and time exposure of 200 minutes. The ammonium adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which suggests that the ammonium adsorption process is controlled by the chemical adsorption mechanism. The finding suggests the utilization of EFB biochar as a good alternative for ammonium removal through adsorption process while increasing the biomass value.
Effect of sonication on ZnO and ZnO-Fe catalyst for colour and COD removal from Methylene Blue solution
Authors: Ibrahim A H , Bakar M Y A , Abidin C Z A , Ridwan F M , Jalil M F A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Textile and cosmetics industries are among the industries which produce huge volume of dyes wastewater. Photocatalysis is of the methods that effectively treating dye wastewater. Semiconductor such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the photocatalyst which is widely used in photocatalysis treatment method. In this research, removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour from Methylene Blue (MB) solution using ZnO were compared with ZnO doped with Fe. In addition, ultrasonic cavitation was also applied during the preparation of the catalyst. The catalysts were successfully synthesized through sol-gel method. By comparing all catalysts, sonocatalyst ZnO doped Fe produced the highest efficiency for colour removal. During the experiments, the colour removal from MB solution with 10 ppm and 30 ppm concentration were 99.65% and 51.3% respectively. This study concluded that the presence of ultrasonic cavitation during the catalyst preparation did change the physical and chemical characteristics of ZnO doped Fe. As a result, the catalyst worked better during the treatment system to remove colour from MB solution.
Oil palm in the face of climate change: A review of recommendations
Authors: A Ahmed , Y B I Mohd , A M Abdullah 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Climate change imposes serious challenges in oil palm production and the current pace of adaptation and mitigation cannot continue to support oil palm production. We reviewed and analysed literature that reports sustainable recommendations, adaptation and mitigation measures to deal with impacts of climate change. Literature spanning the period 2000-2020 were systematically reviewed and several consistent recommendations emerged which require time frame and actionable plan for sustainability. The review categorized the identified recommendations into groups; fertilizer, policy, soil management, sustainability, water management, research and development, best development practices and agroecological practices. Sustainable implementation of adaptation requires collaboration from diverse disciplines to come together and work toward defined objective(s) through certain principles that guide adaptation; these principles must be consistent, operational and more specific, must be practical and achievable recommendation for inclusion into policies and must be embrace by all and sundry for sustainable development.
The estimation of greenhouse gas emission in leachate treatment plant and its carbon credit revenue
Authors: Izhar Tengku Nuraiti Tengku , Xuan Lim Pei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Landfilling disposal method has led to the more concern environmental issue around the world, which are greenhouse gas emissions. According to IPCC (2006), the waste sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which accounts for about 5% of the global greenhouse budget. This 5% is methane (CH4) emissions from the anaerobic decomposition of solid waste and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the decomposition of wastewater. Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gas (GHG) due to it has about 21–23 times global warming potential than CO2. The CH4 and N2O emissions released in leachate treatment systems are the second-largest sources of greenhouse gases. The study is aimed to estimate methane emissions in leachate treatment plant in Landfill Rimba Mas Perlis, Malaysia, and its carbon credit revenue. The CH4 emission from the leachate treatment plant was estimated by using the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) methodology AM0013 and its economic benefit was determined based on the Clean Development Mechanism. From the study, the greenhouse gas emission in a leachate treatment plant has contributes to a reduction in carbon emissions by 233.21 tonnes/yr which could attract the carbon credit of RM 8,162.35 based on RM35/tonnes of CO2. The results indicate the anthropogenic emission in the leachate treatment plant can bring direct economic benefits to the local.
Utilization of Moringa oleifera seed waste as substrate in lipase production under different pretreatments
Authors: Irfansyah A R , Koentjoro M P , Isdiantoni  , Ekawati I , Prasetyo E N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Moringa industry in Sumenep Regency experienced growth in recent years along with the increase in export demand. Moringa seed waste, which is the coproduct of oil extraction contains a massive amount of lipid and biomass. As much as 30% of lipid residue from Moringa oleifera seeds waste are potentially usable as a substrate for lipase production. However, the phenolic compounds contained in the waste are difficult to degrade and have antimicrobial property which is needed to be removed. This study aims to determine the best pretreatment method in removing phenolic content in Moringa seed waste. The proposed pretreatment methods in this study including enzymatic pretreatment, Laccase Mediator System pretreatment, basic chemical pretreatment, acidic chemical pretreatment, and peroxide pretreatment. Lipase production carried out using Bacillus sp. SK II-5 isolates. Total protein content of lipases produced from various pretreatment then measured using the Bradford method. Lipase enzymatic activity determined qualitatively using the Quantofix formaldehyde test. Characterization of lipase based on isoelectric point. The result of this study is that laccase pretreatment is the best pretreatment method which capable of reducing total phenol concentration in Moringa seed waste by 70% to 3.87 mgGAE/g. The results were followed by a high total protein concentration of 0.43 mg/ml and lipase activity in the range of 100-200 ppm formaldehyde
Design and future application of mobile fish platform for local fishermen in the archipelago regions
Authors: Hetharia W R , Gaspersz F , de Fretes E R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The archipelago regions are spread out in some parts of Indonesia. These regions are related to maritime issues such as transportation, resources, infrastructures, and others. There are problems faced by local fishermen such as unavailable preservation facilities, sparse fish collectors and low income. A continuous study has been executing by the authors to define a proper fishing boat. A prototype of mobile fish platform was defined in the study to be operated in Moluccas waters. The fish platform was mobile catamaran type and provided with multi-fishing gears. The results of design and layout are presented in this paper. The study has been executed up to the platform construction phase and will complete in the future. In future scenario, the captured fishes will be transferred from the mobile fish platform to the existing fish cages to keep them alive. The whole scenario of future fishing operations with the mobile fish platform are also presented in this paper. The output of study is defined as prototype and will be tested at sea for technical and economic aspects before applying to users. The whole aim of future study is expected to increase fishermen catching products, to keep the fish alive for buyers and to increase economic aspects for the local fishermen.
Economic study on the construction of a 50 MW Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) facility in Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati S , Muna A I , Wardhana W 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Electricity demand is increasing every year along with economic growth and population in Indonesia. Meanwhile, non-renewable fossil fuels are still the main source of electricity generation in Indonesia. Therefore, the development of an affordable and environ-mentally friendly renewable energy-based power plant is very necessary. Ocean thermal energy sources available in abundance and has great potential in meeting national energy needs. In this study, a design concept of the 50 MW Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) facility was developed for Banten Province. Capital costs and expenditures for OTEC facilities were identified based on location requirements. The cost analysis is then combined with the OTEC facility investment scheme to obtain the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).
Distribution of phytoplankton in Pangkep Waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha H , Bayu M D , Rachman A , Nasution A K , Siswantining T 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The coastal water of Pangkajene Kepulauan, or Pangkep, in South Sulawesi has been influenced by high anthropogenic activities, where the inflow of nutrient from the land has caused several cases of harmful algal blooms and mass fish mortality. Thus, it was important to understand the community structure and distribution of phytoplankton, with particular interest on the bloom-forming and harmful genus, to better mitigate the effects of harmful algal blooms in the future. Sample collection for this study was conducted on May 2017 at 22 stations from three zones, the northern, middle, and southern coastal area of Pangkep. From this study, the phytoplankton density in Pangkep was found varied between 2.179 × 106 cells/m3 to 2.192 × 108 cells/m3, with the highest density of phytoplankton was observed in the northern and southern area of Pangkep. On the other hand, the middle area has lower phytoplankton density but has the highest diversity and evenness. Two stations, station 15 and 21, have a distinct phytoplankton community structure which might have caused by a combined effect of temperature and nutrient input from the land. Twenty-nine genera of phytoplankton were observed, with the diatoms Skeletonema as the most dominant genus which contributes to over 95% of total phytoplankton density. The occurrence of Ceratium, which once was found as a dominant genus in Pangkep coastal and estuaries, has caused a concern whether it might blooms and replacing the dominance of diatoms in these areas.
Alginate/PVA/chitosan injection composites as scaffold material for nucleus pulposus regeneration
Authors: Suryandaru H V , Aziz A I , Hanifah N , Rasyida A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lower Back Pain (LBP) is common healthproblemin societywithprevalence80-85%. One of the causes of LBP is Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP). This disease occurs in intervertebral discs (IVD), supporting the spine, found a gel fluid called Nucleus pulposus (NP) at the center surrounded by 15-20 concentric thin layers of the Annulus fibrosus (AF). This gel that will come out through AF and nerve pinched behind which makes sufferer feel pain and numb. Handling HNP with physical therapy only reduce the pain and not totally cured. While the surgery use discectomy method by eliminating the protruding parts NP or in whole, but has some drawbacks, such as: high cost, wide surgical incisions, probably occurrence of bleeding or other neurological disorders. Solving problem with find new methods that are faster, easier, and more affordable, we analyze using of alginate/PVA composite with chitosan suspense as a reinforcement as hydrogel injectable material to replace NP. Independent variable is chitosan percentage each sample, as much 5; 10; 15%. This study as a purpose to know mechanical properties, biocompatible, injectable performance, viscosity of alginate/PVA/chitosan, SEM-EDX test and FTIR test. The best result got is addition chitosan 15% appropriate as NP replacement.
Pre-evaluation of urease production by Bacillus sp. SK II-5 thermophilic bacteria using agricultural waste as a substrate
Authors: Destari D N , Koentjoro M P , Isdiantoni  , Ekawati I , Prasetyo E N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Agricultural waste contain nutritive minerals including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which help plants grow faster and increase yields, but when released into the open environment can leads the aquatic environment to eutrophication. Agricultural waste, which is mostly contain urea, can be utilized for the growth media of microorganisms to produce urease. Urease is an enzyme that functions to hydrolyze urea to ammonia and carbonate. Naturally, some organisms can produce urease, one of which is the thermophilic bacteria of the genus Bacillus. The purpose of this research is determine the results of the viability test of thermophilic bacteria Bacillus sp. SK II-5 using small island agricultural waste as media. The viability test of Bacillussp. SK II-5 is carried out using the streak plate and turbidimetry methods. The results of this research were thermophilic bacteria Bacillus sp. SK II-5 can grow at 50°C and 60°C which have been tested for cell viability in agricultural waste extract agar media at 37°C.
Community empowerment of Sumberpelas, Plabuan Village-Jombang to create independent and sustainable Moringa oleifera village
Authors: Muslihatin W , Purwani K I , Ermavitalini D , Prasetyo E N , Nurhatika S , Nurhidayati T , Jadid N , Febrianti A , Yunas N S , Raikhani A , Sari L R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plabuhan village, Jombang regency, East Java Province has a big potential in Moringa. Moringa is a plant that we encounter often around us that contains high nutrition. It is widely used especially for health. Potential that can be developed from Moringa’s leaf by S community is tea. As a product of the Plabuan village, the tea standards produced must be in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and the eligibility according to the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM). To maximize this potential, assistance is needed to the Plabuan village community to process the Moringa’s leaf into high quality tea product. Through this assistance, it is expected that independent and sustainable Moringa oleifera villages will be realized. The results of the study showed that the community in Plabuan village was very active to contribute to utilisation and production of Moringa oleifera based products.
Analysis of angle comparison for the “Kawung” pattern module development based on additive manufacturing method using 3D filament from recycled plastic waste material
Authors: Prihandana D B , Kuswanto D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The process of additive manufacturing, particularly in 3D printing, is very closely related to CAD (Computer-Aided Design) files, 3D printers, and materials for creating object layers. Of course in the printing process, there are some limitations on the design and rules that must be considered. For example, material, design and printer settings to obtain maximum results. In this project an angle comparison analysis is performed on the Kawung module design to find out the most efficient and effective conditions in the printing process. From the strength test, the T3 Kawung module is found to be the most powerful with polypropylene material (recycled PP from Robries) with a yield strength of 20 MPa, a breakpoint of 13 N and maximum stress of 21.17 MPa.
Analysis of the effect of hull vane on ship resistance using CFD methods
Authors: Kiryanto  , Budiarto U , Firdhaus A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of technology in the ship industry is remarkable with many new innovations in the effort to improve ship performances. Ship resistance is one of the aspects that is very important to be comprehended the ship's characteristics. One of the innovations to reduce ship resistance is by adding hull vane to the ship hull. Hull vane is a fixed foil placed under the water line at the stern of the ship. This study is aimed to determine the effect of ship resistance after the addition of the hull vane and the location of the hull vane on the ship hull. This study utilizes a computer application program Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The foil used is NACA 2415 type with s parameters angle of attack 5°, span foil 9.76 m, and chord hull vane length 1.15 m.. Investigations are further carried out on the variation of the vane hull at 2 different positions and implementation of single foil and double foil configurations. The results of this study indicate that the installation of a single foil hull vane on a ship can reduce vessel resistance and in contrast for the installation of double foil. In the case of single foil and its position at 50% of T = 2.9 m the resistance is found to be most optimally reduced when the vessel is operated at Froude number Fr = 0.342. The reduction in the total vessel resistance is 20.135% in comparison to the ship without a hull vane.
Technical and economic analysis on the using of Hibiscus Tiliaceus (Waru) and Boehmeria Nivea (Rami) fibres for fishing vessel mooring rope
Authors: Supomo H , Rahman A , Baihaqi I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mooring rope of fishing boat made of synthetic fibre materials such as polypropylene or nylon can bring detrimental impacts to the environment as it is arduous to degrade. Natural fibre rope can potentially substitute the commonly-used undegradable mooring line to prevent further chain impacts. This paper aims to technically and economically analyse the tensile strength of mooring ropes made of two natural fibres, Hybiscus Tiliaceus (Waru) and Boehmeria Nivea (Rami), and to compare them with the former - conventional material manufactured rope. Tensile test, according to ASTM D3822, is performed to measure the tensile strength of the natural fibre ropes twisted into three different diameters (12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm). Specimens are immersed in seawater for several weeks before testing. As a benchmark, this research examines unimmersed ones. The result shows that immersed Waru fibre ropes with three different diameters are 32.15 MPa, 27.10 MPa, 23.94 MPa, respectively; while for Rami fibre ropes are 37.58 MPa, 29.56 MPa, 24.31 MPa. Waru fibre rope is the most economical one if compared to Rami and synthetic fibre ropes. The manufacturing of mooring rope made of Waru fibres can save 19.4%, 11.5%, and 29.7% for each diameter variation, respectively.