bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty: Indications, Techniques, Grafts, and Outcomes
Authors: Hacker Stefan , Pollock Jonathan , Gubisch Wolfgang , Haack Sebastian 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The nose is at the center of the face and has essential functional and aesthetic properties. Over recent years, rhinoplasty has gained increasing popularity through the influence of “selfies” and social media. As a result, a growing demand for secondary correction has also emerged. Revision rhinoplasty is more complex than primary cases and often requires the use of extranasal grafting material. The authors sought to analyze the indications, techniques, and outcomes after primary and revision rhinoplasty.

Methods:
A total of 245 patients (153 primary cases and 92 revisions) undergoing surgery at the authors’ specialized clinic for facial plastic surgery were included. All patients were treated by an experienced facial plastic surgeon according to the authors’ established clinic standards. A retrospective data analysis was performed to evaluate the differences between the groups regarding the indications, intraoperative techniques, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Although more patients sought revision surgery for aesthetic reasons alone than isolated functional issues, almost two-thirds of the revision patients had functional and aesthetic problems in combination. Complex reconstructive techniques, extracorporeal septoplasties, and extranasal grafts were more commonly used in revision cases. The occurrence of another revision during the follow-up period was significantly higher after revision surgery compared to primary rhinoplasty cases (primary rhinoplasty, 10.5 percent; revision surgery, 23.9 percent; p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
There are differences between primary and revision rhinoplasty that must be appreciated by the treating surgeon. The patient should be informed about the increased complexity of the secondary procedure, the possible need for extranasal grafts, and the increased risk of a further revision.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Treatment Outcomes and Trajectories of Change in Patients Attributing Their Eating Disorder Onset to Anti-obesity Messaging
Authors: Mensinger Janell L. , Cox Shelbi A. , Henretty Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Given the increased prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) among individuals higher on the weight spectrum, we aimed to 1) report the prevalence of ED patients in higher levels of care (residential, partial hospitalization, and intensive outpatient) attributing the onset of their ED to anti-obesity messaging, 2) report the most commonly recollected sources of those messages, and 3) determine if those attributing the onset of their ED to anti-obesity messaging a) enter, b) exit, and c) respond to treatment differently from peers who did not.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used data from 2901 patients receiving ED treatment in higher levels of care at a US-based center between 2015 and 2018. Multilevel models examined differences in ED symptoms and trajectories of change over time. NVivo was used to analyze the patients’ comments about sources of messages.

Results
Eighteen percent attributed their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging, 45% did not, and 37% were unsure. Of those providing comments, the most common sources included the following: educational curriculum/school context (45.9%), media/Internet (24.7%), health care (10.4%), family (9%), and peer bullying (3.7%). At admission, patients attributing their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging had more severe ED symptoms than those who did not (γ = 0.463, standard error [SE] = 0.086, p < .001) and those who were unsure (γ = 0.288, SE = 0.089, p < .001); no differences were evident at discharge (p > .483). During phase 2 of treatment, patients attributing their ED onset to anti-obesity messaging improved faster than those who did not (γ = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .008) and those who were unsure (γ = 0.003, SE = 0.001, p = .014).

Conclusions
Anti-obesity messaging may put vulnerable individuals at risk for EDs. We recommend increasing weight bias training for school personnel and health care professionals. To reduce health disparities, we also suggest the promotion of weight-neutral health-enhancing self-care practices in media and public health campaigns, legislative policies, and health care overall.
The Cumulative Impact of Chronic Stressors on Risks of Myocardial Infarction in US Older Adults
Authors: Dupre Matthew E. , Farmer Heather R. , Xu Hanzhang , Navar Ann Marie , Nanna Michael G. , George Linda K. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between cumulative exposure to chronic stressors and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in US older adults.

Methods
Nationally representative prospective cohort data of adults 45 years and older (n = 15,109) were used to investigate the association between the cumulative number of chronic stressors and the incidence of MI in US older adults. Proportional hazards models adjusted for confounding risk factors and differences by sex, race/ethnicity, and history of MI were assessed.

Results
The median age of participants was 65 years, 714 (4.7%) had a prior MI, and 557 (3.7%) had an MI during follow-up. Approximately 84% of participants reported at least one chronic stressor at baseline, and more than half reported two or more stressors. Multivariable models showed that risks of MI increased incrementally from one chronic stressor (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–1.37) to four or more chronic stressors (HR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.08–3.53) compared with those who reported no stressors. These risks were only partly reduced after adjustments for multiple demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, and clinical risk factors. In adults who had a prior MI (p value for interaction = .038), we found that risks of a recurrent event increased substantially from one chronic stressor (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.09–1.54) to four or more chronic stressors (HR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.43–5.69).

Conclusions
Chronic life stressors are significant independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in US older adults. The risks associated with multiple chronic stressors were especially high in adults with a previous MI.
Perceived Social Support and Latent Herpesvirus Reactivation: Testing Main and Stress-Buffering Effects in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adults
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Zilioli Samuele , Stowe Raymond P. , Rubinstein Rebecca , Peek M. Kristen , Cutchin Malcolm P. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective
Perceived social support is consistently associated with physical health outcomes, and one potential physiological mechanism underlying this association is immune function. In this study, we tested both the main and stress-buffering effects of perceived social support on cellular immunity measured via latent herpesvirus reactivation.

Methods
Data were collected from a community-based sample of 1443 ethnically diverse adults between the ages of 25 and 90 years. Participants self-reported measures of perceived social support, stressful life events, daily hassles, and perceived stress, and provided a blood sample to assess antibody titers to the herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Results
In accordance with the main effect hypothesis, results indicated that perceived social support was directly associated with EBV viral capsid antigen antibody titers (β = −0.06, 95% confidence interval = −0.12 to −0.01, p = .029). Perceived social support, however, did not interact with stressful life events, daily hassles, or perceived stress to influence latent herpesvirus reactivation (p values > .05). Neither race/ethnicity nor age moderated any of the interactions between perceived social support and the stress measures on latent herpesvirus reactivation (p values > .10).

Conclusions
Overall, the current study supports the main effect hypothesis, according to which higher levels of perceived social support were associated with lower levels of herpesvirus antibody titers.
Brief Report: Polymorphisms in TNF-α/TNFR1 Pathway Genes Are Associated With CD4+ T-Cell Recovery in HIV-1–Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Celerino da Silva Ronaldo , Alves Neyla M. Pereira , Gondim Silva Maria L. , Agrelli Almerinda , Coelho Antonio V. Campos , Guimarães Rafael L. , Arraes Luiz C. , Crovella Sergio , Brandão Lucas A. Cavalcanti 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important hallmark of HIV-1 treatment, enabling viral load suppression to undetectable levels and CD4+ T-cell recovery. However, some individuals do not recover the CD4+ T-cell count to normal levels, despite viral suppression. We hypothesize that variation in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways may influence interindividual immune recovery during ART.

Methods:
We assessed clinical-epidemiological variables and the allelic/genotypic distribution of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways (TNFRSF1A: rs1800692 and rs767455; TNFAIP3: rs2270926; NFKBIA: rs8904; and TNF-α: rs1800629) and their relationship with immune recovery in ART-treated (1 year) HIV-1–infected individuals. We enrolled 155 HIV-1–infected individuals, with 102 individuals showing immunological success and 53 with immunological failure.

Results:
Through univariate analysis, we observed that the male sex (60.4%, P = 0.002) showed a higher median of age at treatment onset (34.8 years, P = 0.034) and higher time until virological suppression (6 months, P = 0.035), both risk factors for immune failure. Survival analysis revealed that individuals who started ART treatment with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3 took a longer time to immunological recovery (median time = 27 months, P = 0.029). ART containing zidovudine also was associated with immune recovery in univariate e multivariate analysis. Variants in TNFRSF1A (rs767455: T and TT; rs1800692-rs767455: T-T combination) and NFKBIA (rs8904: A) genes were associated with immune failure, whereas NFKBIA (rs8904: GA) and TNF-α (rs1800629: GA) were with CD4+ T-cell recovery.

Conclusions:
Clinical-epidemiological variants in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways might influence the CD4+ T-cell immune recovery.
Ductal Variant of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Alabed Yazan Z. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 51-year-old man with high-grade ductal variant of prostate cancer with normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels underwent radical prostatectomy. Follow-up 18F–prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted ligand 1007 (PSMA-1007) PET/CT revealed enlarged PSMA-expressing left common iliac node. Patient was placed on androgen deprivation therapy and was lost to follow-up. Repeat 18F-PSMA PET/CT scan after 16 months showed disease progression. PSA levels were still within normal limits. This case highlights the utility of 18F-PSMA PET/CT for staging and follow-up of patients with this rare ductal variant prostate cancer with normal PSA levels.
99mTc-Pyrophosphate Retention in Atelectatic Pulmonary Tissues of a Patient With Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Yue , Zhou Yilei , Xi Yun , Zhang Yifan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 61-year-old man was hospitalized for suspected cardiac amyloidosis. 99mTc-Pyrophosphate scintigraphy showed intense radiotracer uptake in the heart compared with the ribs, suggestive of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Subsequent genetic test showed missense mutations in the transthyretin gene, which confirmed the diagnosis. Incidentally, a regional radiotracer uptake was seen in the bilateral lungs, respectively, corresponding to areas of atelectasis on the localizing CT of the SPECT/CT. Attention should be paid to radiotracer retention in lung atelectasis as it influences the H/CL (heart–to–contralateral lung) ratio calculation and may hinder the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis based on the quantitative H/CL ratio.
DOTATATE Uptake in an Axillary Lymph Node After COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Brophy James , Henkle Gregory , Rohren Eric M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A 58-year-old man underwent DOTATATE PET/CT scan for follow-up of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor after resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. On screening paperwork, the patient indicated having received the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (Janssen Biotech, Inc) 1 day previously, administered in the right deltoid muscle. Reactive changes in regional lymph nodes is a known response for all 3 currently Food and Drug Administration–approved COVID-19 vaccines. Recent published data have demonstrated FDG PET-avid axillary lymphadenopathy subsequent to COVID-19 vaccination, and included here is a report of DOTATATE PET-avid axillary lymph node after injection of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine.
Differentiation of Pulmonary Lymphoma Manifestations and Nonlymphoma Infiltrates in Possible Invasive Fungal Disease Using Fast T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T Comparison of Texture Analysis, Mapping, and Signal Intensity Quotients
Authors: Jensen Laura J. , Kim Damon , Elgeti Thomas , Steffen Ingo G. , Hamm Bernd , Nagel Sebastian N. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of texture analysis (TA), T1 mapping, and signal intensity quotients derived from fast T1-weighted gradient echo (T1w GRE) sequences for differentiating pulmonary lymphoma manifestations and nonlymphoma infiltrates in possible invasive fungal disease in immunocompromised hematological patients.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients with hematologic malignancies and concomitant immunosuppression (including 10 patients with pulmonary lymphoma manifestations and 10 patients with nonlymphoma infiltrates) prospectively underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging using a conventional T1w GRE sequence and a T1w GRE mapping sequence with variable flip angle. A region of interest was placed around the most representative lesion in each patient. TA was performed using PyRadiomics. T1 relaxation times were extracted from precompiled maps and calculated manually. Signal intensity quotients (lesion/muscle) were calculated from conventional T1w GRE sequences.

Results:
Of all TA features, variance, mean absolute deviation, robust mean absolute deviation, interquartile range, and minimum were significantly different between the 2 entities (P<0.05), with excellent diagnostic performance in receiver operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve [AUC] >80%). Neither T1 relaxation times from precompiled maps (AUC=63%; P=0.353) nor manual calculation (AUC=63%; P=0.353) nor signal intensity quotients (AUC=70%; P=0.143) yielded significant differences.

Conclusions:
TA from fast T1w GRE images can differentiate pulmonary lymphoma manifestations and nonlymphoma infiltrates in possible invasive fungal disease with excellent diagnostic performance using the TA features variance, mean absolute deviation, robust mean absolute deviation, interquartile range, and minimum. Combining a fast T1w GRE sequence with TA seems to be a promising tool to differentiate these 2 entities noninvasively.
Characteristics of Postoperative Anisocoria After Medial Orbital Wall Fracture Repair
Authors: Kang Min Seung , Ahn Jung Hyo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present the clinical characteristics and etiology of patients with anisocoria after medial wall fracture repair. This study was a retrospective, noncomparative case series of postoperative anisocoria after medial orbital wall fracture repair. Data regarding patient demographics, laterality, signs and symptoms at presentation, interval between injury and surgery, fracture size using orbital computed tomography, pupil size of mydriasis, time of discovery of postoperative mydriasis, time of resolution of anisocoria, surgical outcomes, and complications were collected. Twelve patients were included in this study. The mean interval between injury and surgery was 19.17 ± 4.95 (range, 12–30) days. The mean fracture size of the anteroposterior meridian was 25.22 ± 2.15 (range, 21.8–28.4) mm and that of the horizontal meridian was 16.02 ± 2.02 (range, 12.5–21.2) mm. Postoperatively, unilateral pupil dilation was observed at a mean of 5.33 ± 1.61 (range, 3–8) hours after surgery, and mean pupil size was 5.13 ± 0.61 (range, 4–6) mm in the dilated eye and 3.29 ± 0.26 (range, 3–3.5) mm in the normal eye. The dilated pupils all recovered within a mean of 3.42 ± 1.08 (range, 2–5) days. Postoperative anisocoria after medial orbital wall blowout fracture surgery may occur in delayed repair of the posterior location of large fractures. Transient mydriasis caused by parasympathetic nerve injury returned to normal pupil size.
Dacryocystitis With Skin Defects Secondary to Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Çetin Yaser Said , Akin Ramazan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure frequently performed by surgeons dealing with facial aesthetic surgery and includes various risks. All surgical procedures have an increased risk of complications. Complication rate of nasal surgeries is approximately 4% to 19%. Although rhinoplasty is a nonsterile procedure, infections occur in less than 2% of all cases. This rate may decrease as the surgeon gains experience. Lacrimal ducts can be injured during nasal aesthetic surgery due to its anatomical structure. In addition to minor and temporary injuries, major injuries requiring surgical intervention may also occur. Most injuries to the lacrimal system remain asymptomatic. Postrhinoplasty dacryocystitis usually occurs secondary to soft-tissue edema that compresses the lacrimal system and typically resolves within 1 to 2 weeks. After reviewing the literature and examining possible traumatic mechanisms, we recommend that the infections in the lacrimal system should be treated with medical therapy before performing surgical interventions such as dacryocystorhinostomy and abscess drainage. Knowing the complications of surgical interventions before the study and administering some basic principles before and after surgery are highly essential. In this study, we present a relatively rare complication of septorhinoplasty known as acute postoperative dacryocystitis, which is mostly encountered in the early postoperative period.
Does Coronal Suturectomies and Occipital Barrel Staves Make a Difference in Early Reconstruction for Sagittal Craniosynostosis?
Authors: Unander-Scharin Jesper , Heliövaara Arja , Enblad Per , Leikola Junnu , Nowinski Daniel 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Various surgical methods are used for early treatment of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. The craniofacial centers in Uppsala and Helsinki fundamentally both use the H-Craniectomy: Renier's technique. However, the Helsinki group systematically adds coronal suturectomies to prevent secondary coronal synostosis and posterior barrel staves to address posterior bulleting. The effects of these additions in early treatment of sagittal craniosynostosis are currently unknown.

Methods:
Thirty-six patients from Uppsala and 27 patients from Helsinki were included in the study. Clinical data and computed tomography scans were retrieved for all patients.

Results:
The Helsinki patients had a smaller preoperative Cranial index (CI) (65 vs 72) and a smaller preoperative width (10.1 vs 11.2). There was no difference in postoperative CI, corresponding to a difference in change in CI. Regression analysis indicated that the larger change in CI in the Helsinki group was mainly due to a lower preoperative CI allowing for a larger normalization. The Helsinki patients had less growth in length (1.5 vs 2.1 cm) and more growth in width (2.3 vs 1.9 cm). There were no differences in head circumference or surgical complications. Secondary coronal synostosis was present in 43% of the Uppsala group at 3 years of age, while calvarial defects located at sites of previous coronal suturectomies and posterior barrel staving were seen in the Helsinki group 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Lower preoperative CI appears to be the main factor in determining the amount of normalization in CI. Prophylactic coronal suturectomies do not seem to benefit preservation of coronal growth function since the modification correlates to less sagittal growth and more growth in width.
Olfactory detection of human odorant signatures in Covid patients by trained dogs
Authors: Vlachová Ing. Lenka , Hotový Gustav , Šlechta Ing. Jiří , Váňa Ing. Roman , Vokřálová Bc. Milena , Zeman Mgr. Jiří 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe objective of the study was to verify the ability of specially trained dogs to detect the odour of people ill with COVID-19 and, at the same time, to use the outcome of this research in the future, whether in combatting a similar pandemic or in the field of medicine in the shape of a biological detector in uncovering different diseases. Our key assumption was that the disease will change the active odour signature of the individuals just like other diseases (TBC, malaria, tumours, etc.). The pilot study was conducted in two places, based on the same protocolar methods, and it included four specially trained detection dogs in total. For the first phase of the project, we obtained 156 positive and 72 negative odour samples primarily from a hospital. Each detection dog involved in the study was imprinted with the smell samples of Covid-positive people. The first experiment only involved two dogs. With the other two dogs, the phase of imprinting a specific smell was longer, possibly because these dogs were burdened with previous training. During a presentation of 100 randomised positive samples, the experimental dogs showed a 95% reliability rate. Data from this pilot study show that specially trained dogs are able to detect and identify the odour samples of people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
Global and regional prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A cutting-edge systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Raya Reynie Purnama , Kamila Ami , Alqahtani Jaber S , Hjazi Ahmed M , Li Amy , Oyelade Tope 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19 clinical outcome is uncertain, with conflicting data and hypotheses. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk of severe COVID-19 and death in people living with HIV (PLWH) on the global and continental level.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched in July 2021. Studies were screened and then extracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Narratives were synthesised and data pooled for global and continental prevalence and relative risk of severity and mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients using random-effect model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score, Egger’s test and presented as funnel plots.ResultsA total of 46 studies were included involving 18,034,947 COVID-19 cases of which 31,269 were PLWH. The global prevalence of PLWH with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1% (95% CI = 0.9% -1.1%) with the highest prevalence observed in sub-Saharan Africa. The relative risk (RR) of COVID-19 severity was significant only in Africa (RR, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.08 – 1.24) while risk of COVID-19 mortality was 1.53% (95% CI = 1.45 – 2.03) globally. The prevalence of PLWH in COVID-19 cases was significantly low, and the calculated global risk ratio show that HIV infection may be linked with increased COVID-19 death. The between-studies heterogeneity was significantly high while risk of publication bias was not significant.ConclusionThere is low prevalence of HIV-SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. HIV infection was linked with severe COVID-19 in Africa and increased risk of death globally.