bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harvesting Brain Signal Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Matsuno Kevin , Nandikolla Vidya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brain computer interface (BCI) systems are developed in the biomedical engineering fields to increase the quality of life among patients with paralysis and neurological conditions. The development of a six class BCI controller to operate a semi-autonomous mobile robotic arm is presented. The controller uses the following mental tasks: imagined left/right hand squeeze, imagined left/right foot tap, rest, and a physical jaw clench. To design a controller, the locations of active electrodes are verified, and an appropriate machine learning algorithm is determined. Three subjects, ages ranging between 22 and 27, participated in five sessions of motor imagery experiments to record their brainwaves. These recordings were analyzed using event related potential (ERP) plots and topographical maps to determine active electrodes. bcilab was used to train two, three, five, and six class BCI controllers using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and relevance vector machine (RVM) machine learning methods. The subjects' data were used to compare the two-method's performance in terms of error rate percentage. While a two class BCI controller showed the same accuracy for both methods, the three and five class BCI controllers showed the RVM approach having a higher accuracy than the LDA approach. For the five-class controller, error rate percentage was 33.3% for LDA and 29.2% for RVM. The six class BCI controller error rate percentage for both LDA and RVM was 34.5%. While the percentage values are the same, RVM was chosen as the desired machine learning algorithm based on the trend seen in the three and five class controller performances.
Aeroelastic Analysis of a Single Element Composite Wing in Ground Effect Using Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Bang Chris Sungkyun , Rana Zeeshan A. , Könözsy László , Rodriguez Veronica Marchante , Temple Clive 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on an advanced coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and structural finite element analysis (FEA) on the aeroelastic behavior of a single element inverted composite wing with the novelty of including the ground effect. The front wing of the formula one (F1) car can become flexible under the fluid loading due to elastic characteristics of composite materials, resulting in changing the flow field and eventually altering overall aerodynamics. The purpose of this study is to setup an accurate fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling framework and to assess the influence of elastic behavior of the wing in ground effect on the aerodynamic and structural performance. Different turbulence models are studied to capture better the changes of the flow field and variation of ride heights are considered to investigate the influence of ground effect on aerodynamic phenomena. A steady-state two-way coupling method is exploited to run the FSI numerical simulations using ansys, which enables simultaneous calculation by coupling CFD with FEA. The effect of various composite structures on the wing performance is extensively studied concerning structure configuration, ply orientation, and core materials. The numerical results generally represent good agreement with the experimental data, however, discrepancy, especially in the aerodynamic force, is presented. This may be a consequence of a less effective angle of attack due to the wing deflection and deterioration of vortex-induced effect. For the structural analysis, the woven structure gives rise to more stable structural deflection than the unidirectional structure despite the associated weight penalty.
Silver Nanoparticles Conjugate Attenuates Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hippocampal Nissl Substance and Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Lawal Sodiq Kolawole , Olojede Samuel Oluwaseun , Dare Ayobami , Faborode Oluwaseun Samuel , Naidu Edwin Coleridge S. , Rennie Carmen Olivia , Azu Onyemaechi Okpara 
Published: November 2021

Background. The application of nanomedicine to antiretroviral drug delivery holds promise in reducing the comorbidities related to long-term systemic exposure to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the safety of drugs loaded with silver nanoparticles has been debatable. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of HAART-loaded silver nanoparticles (HAART-AgNPs) on the behavioural assessment, biochemical indices, morphological, and morphometric of the hippocampus in diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods. Conjugated HAART-AgNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometer, HR-TEM, SEM, and EDX for absorbance peaks, size and morphology, and elemental components. Forty-eight male SD rats (

250
±
13

g) were divided into nondiabetic and diabetic groups. Each group was subdivided into (

n
=
8

) A (nondiabetic+vehicle), B (nondiabetic+HAART), C (nondiabetic+HAART-AgNPs), D (diabetic+vehicle), E (diabetic+HAART), and F (diabetic+HAART-AgNPs). Morris water maze, Y-maze test, and weekly blood glucose levels were carried out. Following the last dose of 8-week treatment, the rats were anaesthetized and euthanized. Brain tissues were carefully removed and postfixed for Nissl staining histology. Results. 1.5 M concentration of HAART-AgNPs showed nanoparticle size 20.3 nm with spherical shape. HAART-AgNPs revealed 16.89% of silver and other elemental components of HAART. The diabetic control rats showed a significant increase in blood glucose, reduced spatial learning, positive hippocampal Nissl-stained cells, and a significant decrease in GSH and SOD levels. However, administration of HAART-AgNPs to diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose level, improved spatial learning, biochemical indices, and enhanced memory compared to diabetic control. Interestingly, diabetic HAART-AgNP-treated rats showed a significantly improved memory, increased GSH, SOD, and number of positive Nissl-stained neurons compared to diabetic-treated HAART only. Conclusion. Administration of HAART to diabetic rats aggravates the complications of diabetes and promotes neurotoxic effects on the experimental rats, while HAART-loaded silver nanoparticle (HAART-AgNP) alleviates diabetes-induced neurotoxicity.
Tacrolimus as Single-Agent Immunotherapy and Minimal Manifestation Status in Nonthymoma Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Duan Weiwei , Peng Yuyao , Jin Wanlin , Ouyang Song , Yang Huan 
Published: November 2021

Background. Tacrolimus is a second-line immunosuppressant in myasthenia gravis (MG) therapy, which is mainly used in combination with corticosteroids to reduce steroid dose and maintain the effect of immunotherapy. However, few studies have focused on the effect of tacrolimus as single-agent immunotherapy on achieving minimal manifestation status (MMS). Thus, this study is aimed at exploring the efficacy and influencing factors of tacrolimus as single-agent immunotherapy in MG. Methods. Clinical data of 75 nonthymoma MG patients treated with tacrolimus single-agent as initial immunotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America postintervention status. Clinical factors affecting the achievement of MMS and treatment reactivity of different MG subtypes were determined by Cox regression analysis. Results. Tacrolimus was generally safe, with only two patients (2.7%) switching medications due to side effects. 32% of patients had improved symptoms after 1 month of treatment. 69.2% of patients achieved MMS or better after one year. The

age
<
39

years old,

QMG

score
<
11

points, and

AChR
−
Ab

titer
<
8.07

nmol
/
L

were indicative of a favorable response, which was independent of gender, course of the disease. As for MG subtypes, ocular and seronegative MG showed better treatment sensitivity. Conclusions. Tacrolimus as single-agent immunotherapy takes effect quickly and can effectively enable nonthymoma MG patients to achieve MMS. Tacrolimus can be used alone for the initial immunotherapy of MG patients, especially for young, mild, and low antibody titer patients.
Endovascular Thrombectomy Versus Medical Therapy Alone in Patients With Large Core Based on Computed Tomography Perfusion
Authors: Aghaebrahim Amin N. , Desai Shashvat M. , Monteiro Andre , Cortez Gustavo M. , Granja Manuel F. , Agnoletto Guilherme J. , Gonsales Douglas , Legault Catherine , Powers Ciarán , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Sauvageau Eric , Albers Gregory W. , Jovin Tudor , Hanel Ricardo 
Published: November 2021

Background
Patients presenting with large vessel occlusion and a large ischemic core (>50 mL) have been consistently undersampled in the major endovascular thrombectomy (ET) trials. As such, equipoise exists as to whether ET is associated with improved outcomes over medical therapy alone in this population.

Methods
Prospectively collected databases from 4 US centers were reviewed to identify patients with baseline ischemic cores >50 mL based on computed tomography perfusion imaging using RAPID software (iSchemaView), who were treated with ET or medical therapy alone between January 2014 and October 2019. Baseline characteristics, procedural information, and clinical follow‐up data were collected. A matched‐control comparison of these patients was performed.

Results

A total of 167 patients were included, of whom 92 received medical therapy alone and 75 underwent ET. Seventy‐five pairs were obtained after matching for baseline ischemic core volume, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and age. Rate of 90‐day good outcome was significantly higher in the ET arm (28.4% versus 4.9%,
P
=0.002). In univariate analysis of ET patients, the rate of good outcome was significantly higher among patients treated within <6 hours compared with ≥6 hours (44.2% versus 17.4%,
P
=0.02). Predictors of good outcome included age (
P
=0.008), ischemic core volume (
P
=0.01), and time from last known well to groin puncture (
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
ET was associated with improved outcomes in patients with large ischemic core based on computed tomography perfusion. This association was more pronounced in patients who present early (<6 hours from last seen well) with an adequate target mismatch. These results may guide the practice until data from ongoing randomized trials become available.
Interlocution on the Imperative of Understanding: Gadamer’s Philosophical Hermeneutics and Cheng’s Onto-Hermeneutics
Authors: Ng On-cho 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The essay imagines a dialogic interlocution that features the points of convergence and divergence between Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics and Chung-ying Cheng’s onto-hermeneutics, taking note of the fact the latter is an ongoing response to and revision of the former, to the extent it seeks to construct a theory of reading that takes into account both the phenomenological and ontological dimensions of interpretation and understanding. The essay furthers identifies Cheng’s theory as a Eurotropic construct that sensitively represents the Chinese philosophical worldview while strategically employing appropriate western analytical apparatuses.
How Readers Construct New Testament Characters: The Calling of Peter in the Gospels in Cognitive-Narratological Perspective
Authors: Bennema Cornelis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The discipline of cognitive narratology applies insights of cognitive linguistics to narrative analysis. This study seeks to demonstrate the value of cognitive narratology by exploring the role of the reader and the extent of the reader’s knowledge in constructing characters. While traditional narrative criticism often limits itself to the world of the text, cognitive narratology recognizes that the reader’s knowledge from other texts and the real world also contributes to the construction of characters. This study will show that the extent of the reader’s literary and social knowledge of a text affects the construction of characters. As a case study, we will examine the calling of Peter in the canonical Gospels and show how four readers with varying degrees of knowledge will arrive at different constructions of Peter’s character.
Towards a Blending-Based Approach to Early Christian Characters: Nicodemus as a Test Case
Authors: Whitenton Michael R. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article presents a blending-based approach to characters in early Christian narratives. Even cognitive approaches to complex characters (including my previous work) tend to frame character development as a primarily linear unidirectional process. However, the human mind integrates incoming information through processes that are more recursive than linear and more synergistic than summative. I propose that Cognitive Blending Theory, pioneered by Gilles Fauconnier & Mark Turner, provides a heuristic approach that better accounts for the complexity of cognitive information processing. First, I articulate a blending-based approach to ancient characters. Next, I show the validity of such an approach by modeling the blends for each of Nicodemus’s appearances in John’s gospel, focusing on the novel insights only available through blending. As will become apparent, these blends are interrelated, building upon and challenging one another on the path toward a complete characterization of “Nicodemus” across John’s gospel. I conclude with brief reflections on the future prospects of blending-based character studies.
Potential and Actual Cognitive-Emotional Engagement with Characters: A Response to Michael Whitenton and Bonnie Howe & Eve Sweetser
Authors: Schneider Ralf 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the contributions by Michael Whitenton, and Bonnie Howe and Eve Sweetser, in the present volume. I endorse all three contributors’ use of cognitive-linguistic approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for the reconstruction of frames that shape the reading experience of audiences located in different historical and cultural contexts. The two chapters meticulously trace the complexity and dynamics of understanding exemplary biblical characters. I emphasise that the level of attention to linguistic detail displayed by cognitive stylistics is a desideratum for a reader-oriented analysis of a text’s potential reading effects. At the same time, I question some assumptions in cognitive linguistics concerning the cognitive-emotional processes real readers are actually likely to perform. The two chapters serve as a starting point for me to discuss general tendencies in recent cognitive and empirical literary studies, which have perhaps overstated the intensity and impact of some processes, while overlooking others that may be just as important.
How Audience Members Envision New Testament Characters: Mental Character Models, Blending, and the Reception of Luke 1:5–2:52
Authors: Hartvigsen Kirsten Marie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the Gospel of Luke 1–2, the narrator focuses on two couples and their (future) sons. The plot of the narrative emphasizes the main characteristics of the characters, which in turn accentuate important characteristics of God. Audience members construct these characters like real-life persons based on the discourse aspect (textual features which indicate character traits, plots, focalization, etc.) and the suggestion aspect (memories, emotions, schemata that are activated or primed, etc.). In this article, the construction of characters is analyzed with insights into mental character models and social schemata. The linear presentation of information in orally performed narratives structures the first part of the analysis. The latter part draws on conceptual blending theory to explore how the character of God is constructed based on selected information projected from the utterances of the other characters to the blended space.
Dramatis Personae in the Acts of Peter: Character Identification and the Conveyance of Ethical Values
Authors: Kraus Thomas J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Roman senator Marcellus plays a prominent role among the considerable number of characters mentioned in the apocryphal Acts of Peter. He was very important for the Christian community, and his house was a central meeting place for widows, orphans, foreigners, and the poor, before it became the residence of Simon Magus and his followers. By applying a specific approach of cognitive narratology and by taking serious an active participation of readers in analyzing a character more closely, this study intends to analyze the extent to which such an approach might help to perceive and understand Marcellus more appropriately and to highlight his function within the story and his impact on readers.
Power and the Reproduction of History: Twentieth-Century Histories of Abortion in the Ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: Baldrick-Morrone Tara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This essay explores issues of identity and power in twentieth-century scholarship on abortion in the ancient Mediterranean world. I consider how two scholars, John T. Noonan, Jr. and Beverly Wildung Harrison, approach the same ancient Christian sources from different theoretical frameworks: narrative historiography and feminist liberation ethics, respectively. While Noonan’s historical narrative on ancient Christian opposition to abortion demonstrates the “moral supremacy” of Christianity, Harrison’s historical counternarrative reads the ancient sources as borne out of the “sex-negativism” of a minority of ancient Christians. In this analysis I focus on the ways in which the production of history manufactures power by means of authority and legitimacy, particularly for each scholar’s own religious identity and views on the morality of abortion in America. In conclusion, I consider the interests of the respective authors in the production of these histories.
Beyond the Life Sentence – A Children’s Rights Lens on Sentencing for Murder
Authors: van den Brink Yannick , Lynch Nessa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Children around the world who have been found responsible for murder continue to be sentenced to indeterminate or long periods of detention. This is in contravention of children’s rights standards which urge a ban on the life sentence and require that detention is used only for the shortest appropriate period of time. Nonetheless, the public and victims of crime have a legitimate interest in the protection of public safety and appropriate accountability for serious offending. Further, there is little guidance on what a rights compliant approach in such cases might involve. This work builds on previous studies of how children are sentenced for murder across the common law world and extends the analysis to a selection of European civil law jurisdictions. It explores and applies recent updated guidance from the Committee on the Rights of the Child and seeks to develop a framework for a children’s rights and human rights compliant approach to such cases.
Children’s Views on Children’s Rights: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Fairhall Nicola , Woods Kevin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Children’s rights are set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. This systematic literature review aimed to investigate children’s views of children’s rights, at a broad level. Nine papers were included, from a range of countries and contexts. They all accessed the views of children and young people (aged up to 18 years). A content analysis was carried out using a recursive process of hybrid aggregative-configurative synthesis, and themes within children’s views and factors that may affect these were identified. These were ‘awareness of rights’, ‘value placed on (importance of) rights’, ‘impact of having/not having rights fulfilled’, ‘realisation and respect of rights’, ‘equality of rights’, ‘identifying and categorising of rights’, and ‘factors that may affect children’s views’. These were developed into a progression of rights realisation and implications for practice and further research were considered.
Leveraging City-level Climate Change Law and Policy for the Protection of Children
Authors: Fambasayi Rongedzayi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
While climate change is a global challenge, its impact is generally felt in local communities, particularly cities. The impact of climate change in urban settings is exacerbated by the built environment, high energy usage, air pollution and urbanisation, among other factors. Due to urbanisation, more children will be born and raised, or migrate to live in cities. Children in cities are vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to their physiology and developmental needs. City authorities are expected to utilise their constitutional and legislative powers in climate governance to protect children from the impact of climate change. The central inquiry of this article is to explore how city-level climate law and policy protects children in the context of climate change. Using Kenya and South Africa, as key examples, it illustrates that cities have constitutional powers and legislative authority to plan, implement and govern in certain climate-related functional areas and that could be leveraged to ensure the protection of children. The discussion of cities, children’s rights and climate change governance has global significance given the trends of urban growth in the present and coming decade.
Roles, Responsibilities, and Rights: An Organisational Analysis of Provincial and Territorial Child and Youth Advocate Offices in Canada
Authors: Bendo Daniella 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Limited academic literature has explored the responsibilities of Provincial and Territorial Child and Youth Advocates in Canada. This paper analyses the responsibilities that constitute the role of Canadian Provincial and Territorial Child and Youth Advocates, as well as the forces that impact and shape these responsibilities. A total of 17 participants, including current and former members of the Canadian Council of Child and Youth Advocates (cccya) as well as their staff members are included in the study. Findings reveal that individual advocacy, systemic advocacy, investigations into critical injuries and child deaths, as well as educational outreach, constitute the primary responsibilities of the cccya. Additionally, at the provincial and territorial level, it is important for advocates to navigate the historical, cultural and political factors that inform discourses surrounding childhood as these factors impact the way advocacy is understood and carried out within these organisations.
Visualizing Colonial Power
Authors: Falcucci Beatrice 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to compare the ways in which some of Europe’s most important colonial museums displayed their exhibits—how colonial territories and colonial subjects were represented through visual exhibition, how the display cases were arranged, which objects and artefacts were presented and in what sequence—as the clearest possible representation of the biological, technological, and cultural superiority of Europe with respect to the populations on display. The paper will therefore emphasise both the differences and different histories as well as the similarities between colonial museums in Europe. In fact, while acknowledging that there are special features linked to the differing conditions of both the motherland and her overseas territories, a common cultural horizon can be found in the different national museums taken into consideration here and in the interpretation of the inherent propaganda such institutions promoted.