bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating the clinical and computed tomography imaging features of mixed epithelial and stromal tumors of the kidney to establish a treatment plan
Authors: Chen Juan , Liu Hui , Li Mengsi , Liu Wenguang , Masokano Ismail Bilal , Pei Yigang , Li Wenzheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo differentiate the clinical features and computed tomography imaging features in the two types of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) and to establish a treatment plan for the MESTK types.MethodsSeventeen patients who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) before surgery and had a pathological diagnosis of MESTK were enrolled. Their clinical information (R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (R.E.N.A.L.‐NS), radical nephrectomy (RN), partial nephrectomy (PN), etc.) were collected. The radiological features included renal sinus fat invagination (SFI), maximal diameter (MD), capsule and septa of the tumor, etc., were also analyzed. They were divided into two types according to the MDsolid/MDtumor ratio (solid type with >60%; cystic type with ≤60%). An independent‐sample t‐test and Fisher exact test were used to assess the differences between the two groups.ResultsMESTKs demonstrated a variable multi‐septate cystic and solid components with a delayed enhancement. There were nine patients for solid type and eight patients for cystic type. Compared with solid type, the lesions in cystic type have larger MD (81.00 ± 37.91 vs. 41.22 ± 24.19, p = 0.020), higher R.E.N.A.L.‐NS (10.03 ± 0.50 vs. 8.95 ± 1.26, p < 0.001), higher RN (75.00% vs. 22.22%, p = 0.015), larger SFI (87.5% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.05), more septa (100% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), and more capsule (100% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionCystic type MESTK has more hazardous features (such as larger MD, higher R.E.N.A.L.‐NS, more RN, greater SFI, multiple septa) compared with solid type, suggesting that RN is more suitable for cystic type and PN for solid type.
Improvement of Air Filtration Performance Using Nanofibrous Membranes with a Periodic Variation in Packing Density
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Shao Hao , Wang Hongxia , Ji Zhongli , Bai Ruixi , Chen Feng , Li Bin , Chang Cheng , Lin Tong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study reports a patterned nanofibrous membrane and its novel filtration performance. The nanofibers are prepared using an electrospinning technique, and the nanofibers are collected on a commercial nonwoven fabric covering a roller collector, which is prepared using a metal sheet with a round hole array. The nanofibers collected on the metal surface have a much denser structure than those in the hole areas. As a result, the patterned nanofibrous membrane has a different filtration performance (lower pressure drop and filtration efficiency) from the uniform nanofiber membrane, prepared under the same condition but using a smooth roller collector. When two layers of this patterned nanofibrous membrane are combined, the filtration performance depends on the layer arrangement. When the dual‐layer membranes are arranged with the dense and loose packing areas staggering between the layers, the filter shows lower filtration resistance but higher efficiency than the uniform dual‐layer filter. It is further shown that the staggered dual‐layer membranes (made of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers) maintain high efficiency after eliminating the electrostatic charges. The efficiency meets air filter F9, the highest requirement according to the air filter standard (EN 779:2012), enabling a long service life.
Rechargeable Batteries: Regulating Electronic and Ionic Transports for High Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Zhao Xiuxiu , Hui Kwan San , Dinh Duc Anh , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRechargeable batteries are serving society and are continuing to develop according to application requirements. Recently, rechargeable batteries with high energy density, power density, stability, and rate performance, as well as low cost have attracted the attention of researchers globally. However, achieving all these merits in a single rechargeable battery system is difficult. Accordingly, many approaches are reported to improve the performance of different energy storage devices. Nevertheless, reports on a general research method to improve the performance of battery systems are still limited. Herein, the current progress of rechargeable batteries and the corresponding opportunities and challenges are summarized. The principles of electrochemical reactions for lead–acid batteries, metal–ion batteries, metal–sulfur batteries, and metal–air batteries are introduced and compared. The technological challenges in the development of rechargeable batteries on the basis of transports of electrons and ions are comprehensively analyzed. In particular, approaches for regulating electronic and ionic transports are comprehensively discussed for the enhancement of electrochemical performance. Some advanced energy storage materials with good electronic and ionic conductivities are also highlighted. Furthermore, several perspectives on potential research directions for the choice and design of high‐performance rechargeable batteries for practical application are proposed.
Wearable Piezoelectric Yarns with Inner Electrodes for Energy Harvesting and Signal Sensing
Authors: Ryu Chul Hee , Cho Jae Yong , Jeong Se Yeong , Eom Wonsik , Shin Hwansoo , Hwang Wonsoep , Jhun Jeong Pil , Hong Seong Do , Kim Taeyun , Jeong In Wha , Sung Tae Hyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWearable device‐based gait data analysis is being used in medical research to prevent and treat serious diseases such as dementia beyond modern health management strategies. For gait‐related data collection and analysis, it is advantageous to place the sensor on the sole of the foot as a foot‐pressure, it is advantageous to use a piezoelectric generator‐based electronic textile (E‐textile) that can supply its own power by converting mechanical energy from the foot into electrical energy. In order to apply E‐textile materials to the sole of the foot, excellent durability, flexibility, and high signal accuracy through noise minimization are required. In this study, a piezoelectric polymer was used to coat the surface of a conductive fiber using the reverse dip coating technique. This method is easily scalable, feasible for large‐scale processing with a continuous process. The electrodes of this process are placed inside a piezoelectric fiber to minimize noise from the electrodes. The inner‐electrode piezoelectric yarn (IEPY) used during the process has excellent tensile strength (maximum stress and strain value: 54.2 MPa, 54%) and strong durability, maintaining its performance over 105 cycles under pushing force of 60 kg and generating excellent piezoelectric output (292 mVmax, 16.2 µW). The IEPY can drive the sensor for gait data, with the sensors being capable of continuous and large‐scale operation and feasible for the manufacturing of custom sensors.
Combined Photoredox and Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of γ‐Aryloxy Ketones
Authors: Wang Pengzhi , Fitzpatrick Keegan P. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as catalysts for the construction of C−C bonds in the synthesis of substituted ketones under single‐electron processes. Despite these recent reports, there still remains a need to increase the utility and practicality of these reactions by exploring new radical coupling partners. Herein, we report the synthesis of γ‐aryloxyketones via combined NHC/photoredox catalysis. In this reaction, an α‐aryloxymethyl radical is generated via oxidation of an aryloxymethyl potassium trifluoroborate salt, which is then added into styrene derivatives to provide a stabilized benzylic radical. Subsequent radical‐radical coupling reaction with an azolium radical affords the γ‐aryloxy ketone products.magnified image
Flexible Threshold Switching Selectors with Ultrahigh Endurance Based on Halide Perovskites
Authors: Tang Lingzhi , Huang Yang , Wang Chen , Zhao Zhenxuan , Yang Yiming , Bian Jiming , Wu Huaqiang , Zhang Zengxing , Zhang David Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlexible electronics are essential for wearable setup. Due to the high nonlinear property, threshold switching (TS) selectors can effectively suppress interference currents and are compatible to large‐scale integration, enabling them to be promising for circuit applications. However, it is still a big challenge to develop flexible TS selectors with both high electrical performance and flexibility endurance due to the lack of suitable materials and processes. Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) show great potential in flexible TS selectors owing to fast ion migration, low‐temperature synthetic processes, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Here, the flexible TS selectors with an Ag/OIHP/indium tin oxide/polyethylene naphthalate structure are demonstrated by a low‐cost solution process. The devices exhibit ultrahigh endurance (1010 cycles), excellent mechanical bending stability (104 times), as well as fast switching speed (40 ns). One‐selector one‐memristor is assembled to perform the write and read operation, clearly indicating nearly free of interference current. The working mechanism of the selectors is also carefully studied by energy dispersive spectroscopy and dynamic Monte Carlo model, showing that the high electrical performance should be ascribed to the low migration barrier of Ag in OHIP films. This work should provide a new promising approach in developing large‐scale integration of flexible high‐performance electronic devices.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Axially Chiral Tetrasubstituted Allenes via 1,6‐Addition of Alkynyl Indole Imine Methides with 2‐Substituted Indoles
Authors: Wu Yu , Yue Zhibin , Qian Chenxiao , Chen Xuling , Li Fushuai , Li Pengfei , Li Wenjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAn organocatalytic construction of axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenes featuring indole skeletons has been established. With the aid of chiral phosphoric acid, alkynyl indole imine methides were formed in situ from α‐(3‐indolyl) propargylic alcohols, followed by the asymmetric 1,6‐conjugate addition with 2‐substituted indoles, furnishing axially chiral indole‐containing tetrasubstituted allenes in generally high yields and enantioselectivities.
Development of bipedal walking in olive baboons, Papio anubis: A kinematic analysis
Authors: Druelle François , Özçelebi Jonathan , Marchal François , Berillon Gilles 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough extant nonhuman primates are not habitual bipeds, they are able to walk bipedally from an early age. In humans, children improve their walking skills through developmental processes and learning experience. In nonhuman primates, infants do not routinely experience bipedalism and their musculoskeletal system gradually specializes for other locomotor modes. The aim of this study is to explore the development of occasional bipedal walking in olive baboon and to test whether the postural adjustments change with age.Materials and MethodsWe collected kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of bipedal gait in an ontogenetic sample of 24 baboons. Data were collected at the primatology station of the CNRS (France) and a total of 47 bipedal strides were extracted for the present analysis.ResultsAdults and adolescents walk bipedally in the same way, and the average kinematic pattern is similar across the age‐classes. Infants walk bipedally with longer duty factor, they present larger movement amplitude of the thigh and the amplitude of the knee joint decreases with speed. In contrast, older baboons increase the amplitude of the knee and ankle joints with speed.DiscussionIn a non‐adapted biped, the postural adjustments of bipedal walking vary with age. In infant baboons, the balance requirements are likely to be higher and these are solved by adopting a “blocking strategy”. In older baboons, the postural adjustments are focused on the lower limb and the movements increase with speed. These results may echo, in some respects, the developmental sequence of the intersegmental coordination described in the ontogeny of human locomotion.
From Impossible to Possible: Atom‐Economic Polymerization of Low Strain Five‐Membered Carbonates
Authors: You Huai , Wang Enhao , Cao Han , Zhuo Chunwei , Liu Shunjie , Wang Xianhong , Wang Fosong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe direct ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene carbonate (PC) only affords oligomers with substantial unidentified by‐products, which hinders the efficient utilization of PC. Through detailed studies, for the first time, a careful mechanism involving the in situ release of propylene oxide (PO) from PC decarboxylation is proposed. Further, we report a novel strategy of copolymerization of PC/cyclic anhydrides via in situ capture of the formed intermediates. Results show that PC is successfully transformed into polyesters. Especially for the ring‐opening alternating copolymerization (ROAC) of PC/phthalic anhydride (PA), a variety of advantages are manifold: i) slow‐release of PO ensuring a perfectly alternating structure; ii) quantitative and fast transformation of PC; iii) visualization of polymerization process by a CO2 pressure gauge. Of importance, through tandem polymerizations, PC is fully transformed into polyesters and polycarbonates concurrently, thus achieving PC utilization with a high atom‐economy.
PDMS with Tunable Side Group Mobility and Its Highly Permeable Membrane for Removal of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Pan Yang , Guo Yanan , Liu Jiangying , Zhu Haipeng , Chen Guining , Liu Quan , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as the benchmark of organophilic membrane materials, still faces challenges for removal of aromatic compounds due to the undesirable transport channels. In this work, we propose to reconstruct the PDMS conformation with tunable side group mobility by introducing phenyl as rigid molecular spacer to relieve steric hindrance of large‐sized aromatic molecules; meanwhile, polymer segments are loosely stacked to provide additional degrees of freedom as increasing the permeant size. Moreover, the reconstructed PDMS is engineered into the composite membrane with prevention of condensation of aromatic compounds in the substrate pores. The resulting thin‐film composite membrane achieved one order of magnitude higher flux (11.8 kg m−2 h−1) with an equivalent separation factor (12.3) compared with the state‐of‐the‐art membranes for aromatic removal. The permeant‐customized membrane molecular and microstructure designing strategy opens a new avenue to develop membranes for specific separation targets.
Composition, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of avocado oil obtained from Duke and Fuerte cultivars
Authors: Elosaily Ahmed H. , Mahrous Engy A. , Salama Abeer A. , Salama Ahmed M. , Elzalabani Soheir M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAvocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit and oil are traditionally used for their antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐aging properties. We investigated chemical variability between two avocado cultivars (Duke and Fuerte) in relation to their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Duke cultivar showed higher β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol content but significantly lower lipid content (36% dry weight) compared to Fuerte (52% dry weight). The ethanolic extract of Duke cultivar showed good antioxidant properties in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay with IC50 at 27.21 μg/ml, while that of Fuerte showed weak activity. Meanwhile, in rat paw edema anti‐inflammatory model, Duke oil (15 mg/kg) was slightly more effective in reducing inflammation by 41.12% after 1 h compared to Fuerte oil (15 mg/kg). However, after 4 h, both oils showed comparable inhibition of edema by 35.39% and 34.14% (15 mg/kg). The study underscores that variability in chemical composition of different avocado cultivars could affect biological activities attributed to the fruit and its oil.
Universal focal reducer for small telescopes
Authors: Afanasiev Victor L. , Amirkhanyan Vladimir R. , Uklein Roman I. , Perepelitsyn Alexander E. , Malygin Eugene A. , Shablovinskaya Elena S. , Afanasieva Irina V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the memory of Dr Victor Afanasiev and his immense legacy. The report highlights the capabilities of two new instruments tested at the 1‐m Zeiss‐1000 telescope of SAO RAS: The Stokes Polarimeter (StoP) and the MAGIC focal reducer. Optimized for the study of active galactic nuclei, methodically, these instruments are suitable for a wide range of small telescope tasks. The fields of view of StoP and MAGIC are 6′ and 13′ for direct images, respectively. The StoP device allows one to conduct photometric observations and polarimetric ones with a double Wollaston prism; the spectral mode was added to MAGIC. For a star‐like target up to 14 mag in medium‐band filters with a seeing of 1″ for 20 min of total exposure, the photometry accuracy is better than 0.01 mag and the polarization accuracy is better than 0.6%. The available spectral range obtained with the volume phase holographic grating in MAGIC is 4,000–7,200 AA with a dispersion of 2A/px. StoP and MAGIC received the first light in 2020 and are used in test mode at the Zeiss‐1000. The report discusses the first results obtained by the authors with new instruments, as well as further prospects.
Simultaneous quantitative determination of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in human plasma using simple shoot LC method
Authors: Abdelwaly Eman A. , Mohamed Abeer A. , El‐Kosasy Amira M. , Ayad Miriam F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCombining short‐acting and long‐acting insulin analogs was a real challenge that was overcome by NovoNordisk through the co‐formulation of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in single‐dosage form. The proposed study provides a simple, short, and reliable HPLC method with diode array detection that is developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of insulin aspart and insulin degludec in human plasma. The proposed method achieved good separation between the two analytes utilizing a C8 column at 35°C in a very short run time (6 min), with a simple, low‐cost, and reliable extraction method through precipitation of plasma protein. Gradient elution was applied using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 M sodium sulfate (pH 3.4) and acetonitrile. The method was validated according to EMA Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation. The proposed method had a linear range from 3.0 to 300 μg/mL for insulin aspart and from 3.5 to 300 μg/mL for insulin degludec. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision of insulin aspart were 0.36–3.33% and 1.59–8.84%, respectively, and accuracy was between 10.06 and 3.09% The intra‐ and inter‐day precision of insulin degludec were 0.29–1.93% and 0.89–5.14%, respectively, and accuracy was between −5.29 and 3.91%.
Mechanistic Insight into Polypyrrole Coating on V2O5 Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Dong Ruichen , Zhang Tian , Liu Jiyuan , Li Huan , Hu Deji , Liu Xingjiang , Xu Qiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have been extensively studied among energy storage devices due to the excellent electrochemical performance, high safety, and low cost. Recently, vanadium oxide (V2O5) cathode materials have received much attention owing to the high theoretical capacity. However, it is still hindered by some drawbacks, including poor electronic conductivity, sluggish kinetics for zinc‐ion diffusion, and cathode dissolution in the electrolyte. To address these issues, the cathode material of V2O5 particles coated by a layer of polypyrrole (V2O5/PPy) has been prepared by an environmental favorable route in this work. It was found that the PPy coating layer can efficiently enhance the cyclic and rate performance. The obtained V2O5@PPy cathode demonstrates a high capacity retention of 95.6 % after 300 cycles, and deliver a high‐rate capacity of 68.4 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. The theoretical computation clarifies that PPy coating can weaken the electrostatic interaction between V2O5 matrix and zinc‐ion and therefore boost the insertion/extraction process of Zn2+ ion. This work provides a valuable insight into the underlying action mechanism of polymer‐coated cathode materials for Zn2+ storage in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Self‐catalyzed formation of strongly interconnected multiphase molybdenum‐based composites for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Jiani , Zhang Haijuan , Yu Jie , Guan Daqin , She Sixuan , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (MoxC) with variable phase structure possesses flexible hydrogen‐binding energy (HBE), which is a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. Herein, a hybrid multiphase MoxC freestanding film coupled with Co3Mo (CM/MoxC@NC) is synthesized through the electrospinning method supplemented by the heteroatom incorporation. CM/MoxC@NC surpasses its pure phase counterparts and exhibits remarkable catalytic activity at 114 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in acid, which is among the first‐rate level performance reported for MoxC‐based catalysts. The subsequent ex situ and in situ characterizations reveal a phase transition mechanism based on self‐catalysis that CoOx depletes the coordinated C of α‐MoC via the interaction, which realizes the assembly of weak HBE α‐MoC and strong HBE β‐Mo2C, and the enhanced utilization of active materials as well. The multiple structures with optimal HBE are in favor of the stepwise reactions of HER, as the study of the correlation between HBE and phase structure revealed. This study discloses the underlying phase transition mechanism and highlights the HBE–structure relationship that should be considered for catalyst design.
Engineering and Application of Pillar[6]arene Functionalized Chiral Surface in Selective Adsorption of R‐Adrenaline
Authors: Cheng Ming , Gong Wen , Lu Mingxiang , Ma Junkai , Lu Zhiyan , Li Haibing 
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive SummaryChiral properties of biological surface is of importance as they dominate interactions with biomolecules (such as proteins, nucleic acids, hormones) in a living system. Inspired by this phenomenon, we designed and constructed a L‐/D‐N‐acetyl‐cysteine‐pillar[6]arene functionalized Si surface (L‐/D‐NACP surface) for studying the influence of superficial chirality on selective adsorption of R‐adrenaline. The fabricated chiral L‐/D‐NACP surface with consistency in hydrophilia and elementary composition exhibited a strong mirror‐symmetric circular dichroism signal. In the adsorption study, the contact‐angle of R‐adrenaline droplet on D‐NACP surface was more hydrophilic from macroscopical view, and the size and quantity of R‐adrenaline aggregation on D‐NACP surface was larger than L‐NACP surface, implying selective adsorption of R‐adrenaline appeared on the D‐NACP surface. The possible mechanism was due to the stronger host‐guest interaction between D‐NACP and R‐adrenaline, which facilitated the selective adsorption. Besides, the D‐NACP surface with good selectivity can be used for chiral separation of racemic adrenaline. The results enhance the understanding of hormones adsorption affected by surface chirality, and may provide some helpful inspiration for practical application of chiral surface.