bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Follow-up of Antibody Responses in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 up to 9 Months After Infection
Authors: Oygar Pembe Derin , Ozsurekci Yasemin , Gurlevik Sibel Lacinel , Aykac Kubra , Kukul Musa Gurel , Cura Yayla Burcu Ceylan , Ilbay Sare , Karakaya Jale , Teksam Ozlem , Cengiz Ali Bulent , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Antibody response developed within 2–3 weeks after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to decrease over time; however, there is limited data about antibody levels at 6 months or later postinfection, particularly in children.

Materials and Method:
A prospective multicenter study was performed using 315 samples of 74 confirmed and 10 probable coronavirus disease 2019 pediatric cases. About 20% of these cases were classified as asymptomatic, 74% as mild/moderate and 6% as severe/critical. Patients were included if at least 2 samples were available. The antibody response was classified as either early-period or late-period (14 days–3 months and after 6 months, respectively) for IgG response whereas IgA response was tested on various time intervals, including as early as 4 days up to 3 months. Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA and Genscript SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Kits were used for antibody detection.

Results:
There was no difference between the early-period and late-period IgG positivity (P = 0.1). However, the median IgG levels were 11.98 in the early periods and 4.05 in the late periods, with a significance of P < 0.001. Although the decrease in IgG levels was significant in asymptomatic and mild/moderate cases (P < 0.008 and P < 0.001, respectively), the decrease in severe/critical cases was moderate (P = 0.285). The sensitivity of the IgG after 15 days was higher than 94%, and the sensitivity of IgA was 88% on days 8–15.

Conclusion:
SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels decreased after 6 months. The decrease was moderate in severe/critical cases. Overall, 95.8% of the patients remained positive up to 9 months after infection. Although the IgA response may be useful early on, the IgG response is useful after 14 days.
Trajectories of distress regulation during preschool vaccinations: child and caregiver predictors
Authors: Shiff Ilana , Greenberg Saul , Garfield Hartley , Pillai Riddell Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of the heterogeneity in trajectories of children's distress after acute pain exposure, moving beyond the group means of behavioural pain scores at a single timepoint. During preschool vaccinations, 3 distinct trajectories of postvaccination pain regulation have been elucidated, with approximately 75% of children displaying trajectories characterized by downregulation to no distress by 2 minutes postneedle and 25% concerningly failing to downregulate by 2 minutes. The objective of this study was to examine child and caregiver predictors of preschool children's postvaccination regulatory patterns. Our results indicated that higher child baseline distress, more caregiver coping-promoting verbalizations in the first minute after the needle, less coping-promoting verbalizations in the second minute, and more caregiver distress-promoting verbalizations in the second minute after the needle were associated with membership in the trajectories characterized by high distress. Furthermore, although all children's pain-related distress at various timepoints throughout the appointment was most strongly predicted by previous pain scores, different patterns of associations emerged depending on the trajectory exhibited. This research highlights both the need to minimize distress before the needle to avoid the highly distressed trajectory and the importance of considering the heterogeneity of trajectories of preschool pain responding when examining the factors that are associated with children's pain-related distress.
A ketogenic diet reduces mechanical allodynia and improves epidermal innervation in diabetic mice
Authors: Enders Jonathan , Swanson Matthew Taylor , Ryals Janelle , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Dietary interventions are promising approaches to treat pain associated with metabolic changes because they impact both metabolic and neural components contributing to painful neuropathy. Here, we tested whether consumption of a ketogenic diet could affect sensation, pain, and epidermal innervation loss in type 1 diabetic mice. C57Bl/6 mice were rendered diabetic using streptozotocin and administered a ketogenic diet at either 3 weeks (prevention) or 9 weeks (reversal) of uncontrolled diabetes. We quantified changes in metabolic biomarkers, sensory thresholds, and epidermal innervation to assess impact on neuropathy parameters. Diabetic mice consuming a ketogenic diet had normalized weight gain, reduced blood glucose, elevated blood ketones, and reduced hemoglobin-A1C levels. These metabolic biomarkers were also improved after 9 weeks of diabetes followed by 4 weeks of a ketogenic diet. Diabetic mice fed a control chow diet developed rapid mechanical allodynia of the hind paw that was reversed within a week of consumption of a ketogenic diet in both prevention and reversal studies. Loss of thermal sensation was also improved by consumption of a ketogenic diet through normalized thermal thresholds. Finally, diabetic mice consuming a ketogenic diet had normalized epidermal innervation, including after 9 weeks of uncontrolled diabetes and 4 weeks of consumption of the ketogenic diet. These results suggest that, in mice, a ketogenic diet can prevent and reverse changes in key metabolic biomarkers, altered sensation, pain, and axon innervation of the skin. These results identify a ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and/or epidermal axon loss.
A surgical needs assessment for airway rapid responses: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Hynes Allyson M. , Lambe Leah D. , Scantling Dane R. , Bormann Bradford C. , Atkins Joshua H. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Seamon Mark J. , Martin Niels D. 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Airway rapid response (ARR) teams can be compiled of anesthesiologists, intensivists, otolaryngologists, general and thoracic surgeons, respiratory therapists, and nurses. The optimal composition of an ARR team is unknown but considered to be resource intensive. We sought to determine the type of technical procedures performed during an ARR activation to inform team composition.

METHODS
A large urban quaternary academic medical center retrospective review (2016–2019) of adult ARR patients was performed. Analysis included ARR demographics, patient characteristics, characteristics of preexisting tracheostomies, incidence of concomitant conditions, and procedures completed during an ARR event.

RESULTS
A total of 345 ARR patients with a median age of 60 years (interquartile range, 47–69 years) and a median time to ARR conclusion of 28 minutes (interquartile range, 14–47 minutes) were included. About 41.7% of the ARR had a preexisting tracheostomy. Overall, there were 130 procedures completed that can be performed by a general surgeon in addition to the 122 difficult intubations. These procedures included recannulation of a tracheostomy, operative intervention, new emergent tracheostomy or cricothyroidotomy, thoracostomy tube placement, initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and pericardiocentesis.

CONCLUSION
Highly technical procedures are common during an ARR, including procedures related to tracheostomies. Surgeons possess a comprehensive skill set that is unique and comprehensive with respect to airway emergencies. This distinctive skill set creates an important role within the ARR team to perform these urgent technical procedures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic/prognostic, level III.
Long-term sequelae of critical illness in sepsis, trauma and burns: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haug Valentin F. , Tapking Christian , Panayi Adriana C. , Thiele Philipp , Wang Alice T. , Obed Doha , Hirche Christoph , Most Patrick , Kneser Ulrich , Hundeshagen Gabriel 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
Sepsis, major trauma, and severe burn injury are life-threatening critical illnesses that remain significant contributors to worldwide morbidity and mortality. The three underlying etiologies share pathophysiological similarities: hyperinflammation, hypermetabolism, and acute immunomodulation. The aims of this study were to assess the current state of long-term outcome research and to identify key outcome parameters between the three forms of critical illness.

METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis (MA) were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. PubMed was searched from January 1, 1975, to December 31, 2019. Studies were assessed for eligibility by independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were studies reporting at least a 6-month follow-up of health-related quality of life and organ-specific sequelae within the three etiologies: severe burn injury, sepsis, and major trauma.

RESULTS
In total, 125 articles could be included in the systematic review and 74 in the MA. The mean follow-up time was significantly longer in burn studies, compared with sepsis and trauma studies. The majority of patients were from the sepsis group, followed by burns, and major trauma studies. In the overall health-related quality of life, as assessed by Short Form 36 and European Quality-of-Life Index, the three different etiologies were comparable with one another.

CONCLUSION
The effects of critical illness on survivors persist for years after hospitalization. Well-reported and reliable data on the long-term outcomes are imperative, as they can be used to determine the treatment choice of physicians and to guide the expectations of patients, improving the overall quality of care of three significant patient cohorts.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review and MA, level III.
The interaction between pre-admission β-blocker therapy, the Revised Cardiac Risk Index, and mortality in geriatric hip fracture patients
Authors: Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Ahl Rebecka , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Cao Yang , Wretenberg Per , Borg Tomas , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND
An association between β-blocker (BB) therapy and a reduced risk of major cardiac events and mortality in patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures has previously been demonstrated. Furthermore, a relationship between an increased Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) score and a higher risk of postoperative mortality has also been detected. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interaction between BB therapy and RCRI in relation to 30-day postoperative mortality in geriatric patients after hip fracture surgery.

METHODS
All patients older than 65 years who underwent primary emergency hip fracture surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, except for pathological fractures, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into cohorts based on their RCRI score (RCRI 1, 2, 3, and ≥4) and whether they had ongoing BB therapy at the time of admission. A Poisson regression model with robust standard errors of variance was used, while adjusting for confounders, to evaluate the association between BB therapy, RCRI, and 30-day mortality.

RESULTS
A total of 126,934 cases met the study inclusion criteria. β-Blocker therapy was associated with a 65% decrease in the risk of 30-day postoperative mortality in the whole study population (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.35 [0.32–0.38]; p < 0.001). The use of BB also resulted in a significant reduction in 30-day postoperative mortality within all RCRI cohorts. However, the most pronounced effect of BB therapy was seen in patients with an RCRI score greater than 0.

CONCLUSION
β-Blocker therapy is associated with a reduction in 30-day postoperative mortality, irrespective of RCRI score. Furthermore, patients with an elevated cardiac risk appear to have a greater benefit of BB therapy.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level II
Odorization of Natural Gas: What are the Challenges?
Authors: Wise Paul , Rowe Steven , Dalton Pamela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractModern natural gas (NG) has little or no odor, so other compounds, usually mercaptans and thiols, are added as warning odorants. Federal regulations state that NG must be odorized so that it is readily detectable by people with normal senses of smell at one fifth the lower explosive limit, but regulations don’t define “readily detectable” or “normal senses of smell.” Methods to measure human odor detection have been available for decades. However, most previous work on NG odorants has underestimated human sensitivity, and measurements need to be repeated using the latest methods. More work is also needed to determine how odor sensitivity measured under optimal laboratory conditions is affected by real-world factors such as distraction and exposure to other odors in the environment. Regarding a “normal sense of smell,” healthy people vary over orders of magnitude in the concentrations they can detect, so samples of subjects should be chosen to reflect the range of differences in the population.
DYT-TOR1A Subcellular Proteomics Reveals Selective Vulnerability of the Nuclear Proteome to Cell Stress
Authors: Shroff Kunal , Caffall Zachary F. , Calakos Nicole 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTorsinA is a AAA+ ATPase that shuttles between the ER lumen and outer nuclear envelope in an ATP-dependent manner and is functionally implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport. We hypothesized that the DYT-TOR1A dystonia disease-causing variant, ΔE TorsinA, may therefore disrupt the normal subcellular distribution of proteins between the nuclear and cytosolic compartments. To test this hypothesis, we performed proteomic analysis on nuclear and cytosolic subcellular fractions from DYT-TOR1A and wildtype mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We further examined the compartmental proteomes following exposure to thapsigargin (Tg), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor, because DYT-TOR1A dystonia models have previously shown abnormalities in cellular stress responses. Across both subcellular compartments, proteomes of DYT-TOR1A cells showed basal state disruptions consistent with an activated stress response, and in response to thapsigargin, a blunted stress response. However, the DYT-TOR1A nuclear proteome under Tg cell stress showed the most pronounced and disproportionate degree of protein disruptions – 3-fold greater than all other conditions. The affected proteins extended beyond those typically associated with stress responses, including enrichments for processes critical for neuronal synaptic function. These findings highlight the advantage of subcellular proteomics to reveal events that localize to discrete subcellular compartments and refine thinking about the mechanisms and significance of cell stress in DYT-TOR1A pathogenesis.HighlightsThe DYT-TOR1A nuclear proteome under cell stress showed 3-fold greater protein disruptions.DYT-TOR1A MEFs show basal proteome alterations consistent with cell stress.Thapsigargin modulation of WT stress-responsive proteins is blunted in DYT-TOR1A MEFs.TorsinB was identified as part of the cell-stress responsive proteome in WT MEFs.Graphical Abstract
Social choice using moral metrics
Authors: Halpern Kenneth 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a geometry of moral systems. Existing social choice mechanisms predominantly employ simple structures, such as rankings. A mathematical metric among moral systems allows us to represent complex sets of views in a multidimensional geometry. Such a metric can serve to diagnose structural issues, test existing mechanisms of social choice or engender new mechanisms. It also may be used to replace active social choice mechanisms with information-based passive ones, shifting the operational burden.Design/methodology/approachUnder reasonable assumptions, moral systems correspond to computational black boxes, which can be represented by conditional probability distributions of responses to situations. In the presence of a probability distribution over situations and a metric among responses, codifying our intuition, we can derive a sensible metric among moral systems.FindingsWithin the developed framework, the author offers a set of well-behaved candidate metrics that may be employed in real applications. The author also proposes a variety of practical applications to social choice, both diagnostic and generative.Originality/valueThe proffered framework, derived metrics and proposed applications to social choice represent a new paradigm and offer potential improvements and alternatives to existing social choice mechanisms. They also can serve as the staging point for research in a number of directions.
A novel fractional order PID plus derivative (PIλDµDµ2) controller for AVR system using equilibrium optimizer
Authors: Tabak Abdulsamed 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to improve transient response and dynamic performance of automatic voltage regulator (AVR).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a novel fractional order proportional–integral–derivative plus derivative (PIλDµDµ2) controller called FOPIDD for AVR system. The FOPIDD controller has seven optimization parameters and the equilibrium optimizer algorithm is used for tuning of controller parameters. The utilized objective function is widely preferred in AVR systems and consists of transient response characteristics.

Findings
In this study, results of AVR system controlled by FOPIDD is compared with results of proportional–integral–derivative (PID), proportional–integral–derivative acceleration, PID plus second order derivative and fractional order PID controllers. FOPIDD outperforms compared controllers in terms of transient response criteria such as settling time, rise time and overshoot. Then, the frequency domain analysis is performed for the AVR system with FOPIDD controller, and the results are found satisfactory. In addition, robustness test is realized for evaluating performance of FOPIDD controller in perturbed system parameters. In robustness test, FOPIDD controller shows superior control performance.

Originality/value
The FOPIDD controller is introduced for the first time to improve the control performance of the AVR system. The proposed FOPIDD controller has shown superior performance on AVR systems because of having seven optimization parameters and being fractional order based.
Fostering knowledge-sharing behavior through social capital: the implications of face-to-face and online interactions
Authors: Alajmi Bibi M. , Al-Qallaf Charlene L. 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThis study aims to research knowledge-sharing behavior and social capital from a pedagogical perspective. It explores the facilitating role of face-to-face and online interactions in social capital development to understand how the formation of a specific form of social capital nurtures knowledge-sharing behaviors.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach used interviews and a focus group to collect data from 20 teachers in different positions and subject areas.FindingsFor face-to-face interactions to form social capital, learning communities must develop features including shared vision, shared language, trust-building and self-development and foster identification with and commitment to the community. Of all the categories of pedagogical content knowledge exchanged among teachers, teachers seek knowledge of general pedagogy, representations and strategies and knowledge of curriculum and media more than any others. However, when differentiating between online and face-to-face activities, knowledge of the curriculum and media is sought more frequently online. In contrast, the preferred way of learning about general pedagogy is through face-to-face activities. The choice of knowledge channel reflects the complexity of the types of knowledge needed and the type of social ties required to support this exchange.Originality/valueThe research is expected to expand understanding of how teachers develop their social capital and how social ties foster knowledge-sharing behaviors. This study suggests professional development activities and online professional learning platforms facilitate building social ties.
Experience of shame in service failure context among restaurant frontline employees: does industry tenure matter?
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Guchait Priyanko , Khoa Do The , Paşamehmetoğlu Aysin 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to integrate tenets from the appraisal-based model of self-conscious emotions and the compass of shame theory to examine restaurant frontline employees’ experience of shame following service failures, and how shame influences employees’ job attitude and behaviors. In addition, employees’ industry tenure is identified as an individual factor influencing the impacts of shame in resorting to literature on aging in emotion regulation.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey methodology, 217 restaurant frontline employees and their supervisors in Turkey provided survey data. Partial least squares (PLS) method using SmartPLS 3.3.3 was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicated the maladaptive nature of shame following service failures as a salient self-conscious emotion, as it was negatively related to employee outcomes. Moreover, employees’ industry tenure played a moderating role that influences the impacts of shame on commitment to customer service.Practical implicationsManagers should attend to frontline employees’ shame experience depending on their industry experience and adopt appropriate emotion intervention (e.g. cognitive reappraisal) or create error management culture to eliminate the negative effects of shame.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of a powerful but understudied emotional experience, shame, in a typical shame-eliciting hospitality work setting (e.g. service failures). Shame has been linked with commitment to customer service and error reporting. In addition, industry tenure has been identified as a boundary condition to help clarify previous inconsistent findings in regard to the adaptive/maladaptive nature of shame.
Maternal absence and transnational female labour migration; implications for the left-behind child
Authors: Adem Saleh Seid 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
As migration of family members becomes an omnipresent phenomenon, the conventional norm of having a family and living under the same roof together is far from normal for many households. It produces transnational practices and multisite lifestyle configurations. This study aims to explore the implication of maternal absence as a result of transnational labour migration on the left-behind child in the context of transnational labour migration from Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach
It focusses on the perspective of those who stayed behind. The ethnographic fieldwork was carried out in two rural villages – Bulebullo and Bokekesa – of Worebabbo district in Northern Ethiopia. It involved in-depth interviews with children and their caregivers supported by interviews and group discussions with members of the community, local officials and traditional leaders.

Findings
Transnational mothering and other mothering emerge as new practices of mothering in the rural villages due to maternal absence have interrelated implications and meanings for the left-behind child. However, the rigidity of sending societies’ norms related to mothering and gendered labour dynamics exacerbated the negative implications of maternal absence on left-behind children. The absence of the fathers’ effort to redefine mothering or fathering by providing childcare is part of the equation in the relationship between maternal absence and left-behind children.

Originality/value
The findings of this study refute the notion that labels mother’s out-migration as “abandoning children”, “disrupting families” and “acts of selfishness”.