bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche and the Aesthetics of Philosophy
Authors: Ruin Hans 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The review discusses four recent books and collections that approach in different ways the role of aesthetics in Nietzsche’s work, both as a question of poetic expression and as the shaping of sensibility. They testify to a deepening interest in the processes through which he forged his unique style. This involves micro-analyses of the composition of Nietzsche’s writings from the raw material of his notebooks. It also involves biographical and material contexts, as in Tobias Brucker’s monograph on the composition of The Wanderer and His Shadow. Instead of accepting the dichotomy between a Dichterphilosoph and a philosopher for whom style was merely an instrument for formulating truths, these books display in different ways how in the case of Nietzsche this dichotomy breaks down and gives way to a widened concept of philosophical writing that includes many different genres. Other works by Nietzsche discussed are Zarathustra and The Gay Science, and also Ecce Homo. Nietzsche seduced with his art, but he also saw through the art of seduction as practiced by the artist, opting for a position beyond the conventional split between poetics and philosophy.
Hegel’s Answer to the Agrippian Trilemma
Authors: Melichar Hannes Gustav 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In his Encyclopedia, the late Hegel makes the highest demands on truth and justification from the first paragraph onward. With this, Hegel takes up the skeptical challenge and believes that he can overcome this problem. However, it is not easy to see how Hegel tries to meet this challenge in the Science of Logic, which plays a fundamental role in Hegel’s encyclopedic project. The present article argues that the question of the justification of the claim to truth is a fruitful perspective for the interpretation of the Science of Logic. For this purpose Hegel’s answer to the Agrippan Trilemma is examined, which P. Franks analyzed as a basic problem for Classical German Philosophy. One possible interpretation of Hegel sees him solving the skeptical trilemma at the beginning of the Logic. The article argues against this possibility that the Logic of the Concept contains Hegel’s actual solution. This solution consists in (1) that the concept represents the principle of logic and (2) that the concept itself must be presented in the form of an apagogical argument. Finally, the article gives a reason why Hegel sees an analogy to the ontological argument in this attempt of an ultimate justification.
Common and Unique Inhibitory Control Signatures of Action-Stopping and Attentional Capture Suggest That Actions Are Stopped in Two Stages
Authors: Tatz Joshua R. , Soh Cheol , Wessel Jan R. 
Published: September 2021

The ability to stop an already initiated action is paramount to adaptive behavior. Much scientific debate in the field of human action-stopping currently focuses on two interrelated questions. (1) Which cognitive and neural processes uniquely underpin the implementation of inhibitory control when actions are stopped after explicit stop signals, and which processes are instead commonly evoked by all salient signals, even those that do not require stopping? (2) Why do purported (neuro)physiological signatures of inhibition occur at two different latencies after stop signals? Here, we address both questions via two preregistered experiments that combined measurements of corticospinal excitability, EMG, and whole-scalp EEG. Adult human subjects performed a stop signal task that also contained “ignore” signals: equally salient signals that did not require stopping but rather completion of the Go response. We found that both stop- and ignore signals produced equal amounts of early-latency inhibition of corticospinal excitability and EMG, which took place ∼150 ms following either signal. Multivariate pattern analysis of the whole-scalp EEG data further corroborated that this early processing stage was shared between stop- and ignore signals, as neural activity following the two signals could not be decoded from each other until a later time period. In this later period, unique activity related to stop signals emerged at frontocentral scalp sites, reflecting an increased stop signal P3. These findings suggest a two-step model of action-stopping, according to which an initial, universal inhibitory response to the saliency of the stop signal is followed by a slower process that is unique to outright stopping.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans often have to stop their ongoing actions when indicated by environmental stimuli (stop signals). Successful action-stopping requires both the ability to detect these salient stop signals and to subsequently inhibit ongoing motor programs. Because of this tight entanglement of attentional control and motor inhibition, identifying unique neurophysiological signatures of action-stopping is difficult. Indeed, we report that recently proposed early-latency signatures of motor inhibition during action-stopping are also found after salient signals that do not require stopping. However, using multivariate pattern analysis of scalp-recorded neural data, we also identified subsequent neural activity that uniquely distinguished action-stopping from saliency detection. These results suggest that actions are stopped in two stages: the first common to all salient events and the second unique to action-stopping.
Critical Role of Astrocyte NAD+Glycohydrolase in Myelin Injury and Regeneration
Authors: Langley Monica R. , Choi Chan-Il , Peclat Thais R. , Guo Yong , Simon Whitney L. , Yoon Hyesook , Kleppe Laurel , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , Chini Claudia C. S. , Chini Eduardo N. , Scarisbrick Isobel A. 
Published: September 2021

Western-style diets cause disruptions in myelinating cells and astrocytes within the mouse CNS. Increased CD38 expression is present in the cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models of demyelination and CD38 is the main nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-depleting enzyme in the CNS. Altered NAD+metabolism is linked to both high fat consumption and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identify increased CD38 expression in the male mouse spinal cord following chronic high fat consumption, after focal toxin [lysolecithin (LL)]-mediated demyelinating injury, and in reactive astrocytes within active MS lesions. We demonstrate that CD38 catalytically inactive mice are substantially protected from high fat-induced NAD+depletion, oligodendrocyte loss, oxidative damage, and astrogliosis. A CD38 inhibitor, 78c, increased NAD+and attenuated neuroinflammatory changes induced by saturated fat applied to astrocyte cultures. Conditioned media from saturated fat-exposed astrocytes applied to oligodendrocyte cultures impaired myelin protein production, suggesting astrocyte-driven indirect mechanisms of oligodendrogliopathy. In cerebellar organotypic slice cultures subject to LL-demyelination, saturated fat impaired signs of remyelination effects that were mitigated by concomitant 78c treatment. Significantly, oral 78c increased counts of oligodendrocytes and remyelinated axons after focal LL-induced spinal cord demyelination. Using a RiboTag approach, we identified a uniquein vivobrain astrocyte translatome profile induced by 78c-mediated CD38 inhibition in mice, including decreased expression of proinflammatory astrocyte markers and increased growth factors. Our findings suggest that a high-fat diet impairs oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation through astrocyte-linked mechanisms mediated by the NAD+ase CD38 and highlights CD38 inhibitors as potential therapeutic candidates to improve myelin regeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelin disturbances and oligodendrocyte loss can leave axons vulnerable, leading to permanent neurologic deficits. The results of this study suggest that metabolic disturbances, triggered by consumption of a diet high in fat, promote oligodendrogliopathy and impair myelin regeneration through astrocyte-linked indirect nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent mechanisms. We demonstrate that restoring NAD+levels via genetic inactivation of CD38 can overcome these effects. Moreover, we show that therapeutic inactivation of CD38 can enhance myelin regeneration. Together, these findings point to a new metabolic targeting strategy positioned to improve disease course in multiple sclerosis and other conditions in which the integrity of myelin is a key concern.
A kognitív idegtudomány elmúlt 30 éve
Authors: Czigler István 
Published: September 2021

A kognitív idegtudomány klasszikus területei közül a szerző összefoglalja az észlelés, figyelem, tanulás és emlékezés területének hazai idegtudományi vizsgálatait, főként az agyi elektromos működések módszerére koncentrálva. Külön területként mutatja be az öregedéssel kapcsolatos eredményeket.
Concentrating on electrophysiological studies the author reviews Hungarian neuroscience research on the fields of perception, attention, learning and memory. As a specific topic, he reviews results on human aging.
Within- and Between-Event Variabilities of Strong-Velocity Pulses of Moderate Earthquakes within Dense Seismic Arrays
Authors: Yen Ming-Hsuan , von Specht Sebastian , Lin Yen-Yu , Cotton Fabrice , Ma Kuo-Fong 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Ground motion with strong-velocity pulses can cause significant damage to buildings and structures at certain periods; hence, knowing the period and velocity amplitude of such pulses is critical for earthquake structural engineering. However, the physical factors relating the scaling of pulse periods with magnitude are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate moderate but damaging earthquakes (Mw 6–7) and characterize ground-motion pulses using the method of Shahi and Baker (2014) while considering the potential static-offset effects. We confirm that the within-event variability of the pulses is large. The identified pulses in this study are mostly from strike-slip-like earthquakes. We further perform simulations using the frequency–wavenumber algorithm to investigate the causes of the variability of the pulse periods within and between events for moderate strike-slip earthquakes. We test the effect of fault dips, and the impact of the asperity locations and sizes. The simulations reveal that the asperity properties have a high impact on the pulse periods and amplitudes at nearby stations. Our results emphasize the importance of asperity characteristics, in addition to earthquake magnitudes for the occurrence and properties of pulses produced by the forward directivity effect. We finally quantify and discuss within- and between-event variabilities of pulse properties at short distances.
Improved Scaling Relationships for Seismic Moment and Average Slip of Strike-Slip Earthquakes Incorporating Fault-Slip Rate, Fault Width, and Stress Drop
Authors: Anderson John G. , Biasi Glenn P. , Angster Stephen , Wesnousky Steven G. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe develop a self-consistent scaling model relating magnitude Mw to surface rupture length (LE), surface displacement DE, and rupture width WE, for strike-slip faults. Knowledge of the long-term fault-slip rate SF improves magnitude estimates. Data are collected for 55 ground-rupturing strike-slip earthquakes that have geological estimates of LE, DE, and SF, and geophysical estimates of WE. We begin with the model of Anderson et al. (2017), which uses a closed form equation for the seismic moment of a surface-rupturing strike-slip fault of arbitrary aspect ratio and given stress drop, ΔτC. Using WE estimates does not improve Mw estimates. However, measurements of DE plus the relationship between ΔτC and surface slip provide an alternate approach to study WE. A grid of plausible stress drop and width pairs were used to predict displacement and earthquake magnitude. A likelihood function was computed from within the uncertainty ranges of the corresponding observed Mw and DE values. After maximizing likelihoods over earthquakes in length bins, we found the most likely values of WE for constant stress drop; these depend on the rupture length. The best-fitting model has the surprising form WE∝logLE—a gentle increase in width with rupture length. Residuals from this model are convincingly correlated to the fault-slip rate and also show a weak correlation with the crustal thickness. The resulting model thus supports a constant stress drop for ruptures of all lengths, consistent with teleseismic observation. The approach can be extended to test other observable factors that might improve the predictability of magnitude from a mapped fault for seismic hazard analyses.
Concepção de docentes acerca da inclusão dos alunos surdos em uma escola regular de ensino no município de Guarabira-PB
Authors: Souza Vanessa Carvalho da Silva , Leite Maria Clerya Alvino 
Published: September 2021

<p class="Normal1"><span>A pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar quais as concepções dos docentes acerca da inclusão de alunos surdos em uma escola regular no munícipio de Guarabira/PB. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória que contou com <span>a participação de dois docentes que têm experiência com alunos surdos no sistema regular de ensino: um professor de Libras que atua junto à equipe de Atendimento Especializado, ministrando curso de Libras, quando há oferta na matriz curricular; e um outro professor que atua em sala de aula comum. Os docentes responderam a um questionário virtual composto por 10 questões acerca da inclusão educacional de alunos surdos no ensino regular. Dentre os principais resultados, destaca-se que: apesar de a escola pesquisada ser um centro de referência no atendimento especializado, os alunos surdos que ali estão matriculados ainda enfrentam dificuldades na efetivação da inclusão social, obstáculo que se apresenta quase que exclusivamente pela falta de domínio da Libras pelos profissionais que compõem a escola. Há uma centralização na figura do profissional intérprete, que acaba por se responsabilizar por toda a interação social dos alunos surdos com os professores. Ao final do estudo, conclui-se que há a necessidade de uma maior compreensão da cultura surda, bem como da inserção do ensino bilíngue como conteúdo curricular obrigatório, para que assim haja possibilidade de efetivar, de forma mais precisa, aquilo que está disposto em Lei e que implica a inclusão escolar dos alunos surdos. </span></span></p>
O ensino de Libras na modalidade Educação a Distância: desafios e reflexões na percepção dos professores
Authors: Assis Carla Lemos de , Nóbrega Ana Maria Zulema Pinto Cabral da 
Published: September 2021

<p>A valorização do Ensino a Distância como modalidade educacional e o reconhecimento da Libras como segunda língua oficial no Brasil, na perspectiva para ouvintes, ocasionaram mudanças na atuação dos docentes de Libras nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação na modalidade EaD. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a percepção dos docentes do Curso de Especialização em Libras, UAB- EaD/IFPB- <em>Campus </em>Patos, sobre a experiência da docência em Libras na modalidade Educação a Distância. Metodologicamente é um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quali-quantitativa. Como instrumento de pesquisa, utilizou-se o questionário <em>on-line</em>, por meio da ferramenta <em>Google Forms</em>, o qual continha perguntas abertas e fechadas, que contemplavam parâmetros que permitiram demonstrar a experiência da docência do ensino de Libras EaD. A partir dos resultados, identificou-se que docentes do Curso de Especialização em Libras, UAB-EaD/IFPB-<em>Campus </em>Patos (PB), possuem experiência no ensino de Libras. Contudo, existe a necessidade contínua de capacitação desses profissionais no tocante ao uso operacional do AVA (Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem), aprimoramento da capacidade de armazenamento e carregamento do AVA e ampliação do suporte de servidor, para que se efetive cada vez mais com qualidade o ensino de Libras na modalidade EaD.</p><p class="Default"><strong> </strong></p><p> </p>
The effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in the professional training of pre-service geography teachers
Authors: Ferizat Mizambayeva , Kuat Baimyrzayev 
Published: September 2021

The pre-service training of competent geography teachers requires searching for effective teaching methods to increase their professional competence. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of interactive teaching methods for teaching geography during the pre-service teacher training. The ideas of transactional analysis and interactionism underlay the interactive teacher training of 260 students from Kazakh universities. The survey revealed interactive teaching methods positively influence the readiness of pre-service teachers to enhance their professional competence. This research confirms the importance of using interactive teaching methods to promote students’ engagement and cooperation during the pre-service teacher training.

Keywords: pre-service teacher training; professional competence; pre-service geography teacher; interactive teaching methods; methods for teaching geography;
Secondary Dyspareunia After Childbirth: A Pilot Study for Comparison Between Group of Women With Episiotomy and Women Without Perineal Trauma
Authors: Mivšek Ana Polona , Petročnik Petra , Došler Anita Jug 
Published: September 2021

PROBLEMDyspareunia research following childbirth usually includes women who received an episiotomy during childbirth. Few studies have examined dyspareunia after childbirth in women who had no episiotomy or perineal trauma.PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dyspareunia in women with perineal trauma related to childbirth to women without perineal trauma related to childbirth. The second aim was to assess risk factors for dyspareunia after childbirth.METHODSA quantitative cross-sectional study was designed and data were collected from a questionnaire that were sent via the internet (online). The study was performed in Slovenia. The study design included purposive and snowball sampling. Participants were assured anonymity.Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Factor analysis determined the validity and Cronbach's coefficient alpha determined the reliability of the questionnaire. The adequacy of a correlation matrix for factorization was assessed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test. To determine statistically significant differences, the chi-square (χ2) test was used. Kullback–Leibler divergence was used to measure how one probability distribution was different from the other probability distribution when the χ2 test was not satisfactory.FINDINGSThere were 387 respondents to the online questionnaire and 22% of the women who received an episiotomy prior to childbirth reported dyspareunia after childbirth; 13.69% reporteddyspareunia when they had no perineal trauma associated with childbirth. Dyspareunia persisted up to 18 months in 11% of participants who had an episiotomy and in 8% of women who experienced no perineal trauma.DISCUSSIONAfter an atraumatic childbirth, women can also experience dyspareunia. Pregnant women may benefit when their provider knows the risk factors for dyspareunia and limits episiotomy to those situations when there is a clear indication. Additional research may elucidate risk factors for dyspareunia following an atraumatic delivery.
Clinical Spectrum of Neurological Complaints in COVID-19: Experiences from a COVID-19 Referral Hospital in Indonesia
Authors: Situmeang Rocksy Fransisca V. , Simanungkalit Astra Dea , Sutanto Anyeliria , Pangestu Aristo 
Published: September 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The main feature of COVID-19 is symptoms of respiratory system disorder, however, there has been an increase in reports of neurological symptoms that appear in COVID-19 patients. Several previous studies have linked SARS-CoV-2 with nervous system damage. Research studying neurological complaints in confirmed COVID-19 patients in Indonesia is still lacking</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify neurological, laboratory, and imaging findings in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at Siloam Hospitals Mampang, a COVID-19 referral hospital in South Jakarta. We analyzed medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients during the period of April - July 2020. The data collected included demographic data, comorbidities, neurological manifestations, laboratory examinations, and neuroimaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 22 confirmed COVID-19 patients with neurological complaints referred to a neurologist. The mean age of patients was 60.4 (SD 15.8) years. The most common neurological complaints were altered mental status (50%), hemiparesis (27.3%), and tremors (22.7%). More than half of the patients (81.8%) had a comorbid condition or past history related to neurological symptoms. Laboratory examination results showed increased NLR (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio) (50%), anemia (45.5%), and leukocytosis (40.1%). The most common neuroimaging feature was infarct (50%) in the brain CT scan.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The neurological complaints in COVID-19 patients are mostly associated with exacerbation of pre-existing comorbidities as a result of the severe inflammatory process triggered by COVID-19. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism of nervous system dysfunction in COVID-19.</p>
Use Of Panty Liner As A Risk Factor The Occurration Of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Aurellia Leviana , Nainggolan Julita 
Published: September 2021

<p>Vaginal discharge or fluor albus is a problem that is often found in women. Daily use of panty liner is a predisposing factor of pathological/abnormal vaginal discharge. This paper reviews the correlation between the use of panty liner and vaginal discharge. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of daily panty liner use as a risk factor of vaginal discharge. This research is done by using the cross-sectional method. The study population is students of the University of Pelita Harapan in the Faculty of Nursery. Sample size calculation was done using the categorical comparative analytical formula and a result of 46 samples were obtained for each population. A questionnaire was used in this research. Statistical analysis is done by using the SPSS 22.0 program with the Chi-Square method. Bivariate analysis on 92 respondents revealed that there is a significant association between the usage of a panty liner and abnormal vaginal discharge (p-value &lt;0.05). Based on bivariate analysis panty liner material is not related to abnormal vaginal discharge (p-value &gt;0.05).</p>
Implementation Probem Based Learning Model to Enhance Ctirical Thinking IPA
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Surya Anesa 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>The objective of this </em><em>research</em><em> </em><em>are </em><em>improve </em><em>critical thinking IPA </em><em>by a</em><em>pp</em><em>lying the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This research in Classroom Action Research with three cycles. The subject of this research were students of </em><em>V</em><em> class at SDN </em><em>2</em><em> </em><em>Tegalsari</em><em>, totalling </em><em>35</em><em> students. Th</em><em>e</em><em> research uses data collection techniques</em><em> test and nontes</em><em>. </em><em>Result of thorough were in the </em><em>intitial conditions of</em><em> critcal thinking skills V</em><em> class students showed</em><em> 43</em><em>% clasically. The first cycle resulting in a percentage of </em><em>40</em><em>% in classial</em><em>. </em><em>The second cycle bresulting in a percentage of </em><em>86</em><em>%</em><em> </em><em>in classical</em><em>.</em><em> The study continued with third cycle with the percentage of </em><em> </em><em>achivement at the first learning amounting</em><em> 97%. </em></p>