bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial applications to landslide riskscape development: a modeling approach to quantify landslide riskscapes in the Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Hicks Heather Brainerd , Laituri Melinda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Riskscapes are interdisciplinary concepts that integrate multiple facets of physical, environmental, and social components in a spatial and temporal context. While the notion of risk is well documented for landslides, riskscapes are a novel approach in the natural hazard and spatial assessment studies. This term, ‘riskscape’, is described in terms of parameters required and quantification methodological approaches. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or geospatial methods are an appropriate tool to define the development of these riskscape quantification methods. A weighted sum overlay model for a riskscape is developed with three weighted approaches using GIS to measure the strength of spatial relationships across a regional landscape in Colorado, focused on landslide susceptibility modeling in the riskscape context. Binary riskscapes resulted in a limited understanding of the impact of features related to landslide riskscapes, but both ranked and human-factor weighted riskscape models provided more details to inform policy and plan for response to landslide events. Clustering measures using spatial-autocorrelation tools revealed that riskscape outputs are clustered and can further be used to identify areas of increased risk due to landslides in emerging population-growth areas. In conclusion, ranked and human-factor riskscape models are developed and can support decision-making and prioritization for response deployment based on landslide susceptibility criteria to focus resources on areas of interaction between landslide risk and social factors.
Simple Multiplication in the Brain: A MEG Study Comparing Fast and Slow Responses
Authors: G. Arcara , R. Pezzetta , S. Benavides-Varela , G. Rizzi , S. Formica , C. Turco , F. Piccione , C. Semenza 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Despite decades of studies, it is still an open question on how and where simple multiplication is solved by the brain. This fragmented picture is mostly related to the different tasks employed. Although in neuropsychological studies patients are asked to perform and report simple oral calculations, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies often use verification tasks, in which the result is shown, and the participant must verify the correctness. This MEG study aims to unify the sources of evidence, investigating how brain activation unfolds in time using a single-digit multiplication production task. We compared the participants’ brain activity – focusing on the parietal lobes - based on response efficiency, dividing their responses in fast and slow. Results showed a higher activation for fast, as compared to slow, responses in the left angular gyrus starting after the first operand, and in the right supramarginal gyrus only after the second operand. A whole-brain analysis showed that fast responses had higher activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We show a timing difference of both hemispheres during simple multiplications. Results suggest that while the left parietal lobe may allow an initial retrieval of several possible solutions, the right one may be engaged later, helping to identify the solution based on magnitude checking.
Persistent Effect of Temperature on GDP Identified from Lower Frequency Temperature Variability
Authors: Bastien-Olvera Bernardo , Moore Frances 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is well established that temperature variability affects a range of outcomes relevant to human welfare, including health (Gasparrini et al., 2017) emotion and mood (Baylis et al., 2018), and productivity across a number of economic sectors (Carleton & Hsiang, 2016; Dell et al., 2014). However, a critical and still unresolved empirical question is whether temperature variation has a long-lasting effect on economic productivity and, therefore, whether damages compound over time in response to long-lived changes in temperature expected with climate change. Several studies have identified a relationship between temperature and GDP (Burke et al., 2015; Dell et al., 2012; Kalkuhl & Wenz, 2020), but empirical evidence as to the persistence of these effects is still weak. This paper presents a novel approach to isolate the persistent component of temperature effects on output using lower frequency temperature variation. Using three different datasets we find that longer temperature anomalies affect GDP growth as much or more than short-lived anomalies, implying persistent and therefore cumulative effects of climate change on economic output. The population-weighted global effect of -0.8 pp per degree is sufficient to reduce per-capita income in 2100 by 44% under RCP6, approximately an order of magnitude larger than damages currently represented in cost-benefit integrated assessment models (Diaz & Moore, 2017).
Prion-like Conformational Editing of SMN2 Proteins Rescues Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Wang I-Fan , Ting Chen-Hung , Tsai Li-Kai , Chang Hsiang-Yu , Lai Hsing-Jung , Chen Chien-Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) causes the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle weakness. In 95% of patients with SMA, both alleles of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1­) gene are deleted or the gene contains missense mutations. A nearly identical copy of SMN1, SMN2, is normally expressed but is unable to compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to the deletion of exon 7. Here, we demonstrated that conformational editing of the SMN2 protein triggers effective phase separation of SMN2 proteins and rescues SMA. We found that SMN1 contains a prion-like LC domain at exons 6-7, which drives liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and further discovered an LLPS activator of gems, baicalein. Using baicalein, we reinvented SMN2 proteins into a competent prion-like conformation to restore the prion-like functions of SMN1 and effectively rescue SMA mice. Our study suggests that the impaired prion-like activity of SMN1 is the root cause of SMA and provides a drug candidate for SMA and phase separation-deficient diseases.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of nano-ATZ ceramics by solid solution precipitation
Authors: Yu Yongdong , Liu Xudong , Yuan Yuchen , Yu Wanjun , Yin Hang , Yin Zhao , Zheng Y.T. , He Xiaodong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) nanoceramics with high-strength, high-toughness and high-hardness were prepared by in-situ nanoprecipitation from solid solution micro-powders. The submicron Al2O3 (~ 450 nm) and ZrO2 (~ 350 nm) grains contained low-density precipitated nano-ZrO2 (~ 40 nm) and nano-Y4Al2O9 (YAM, ~ 90 nm) particles, respectively, making high-performance nano-ATZ ceramics with ultrafine intracrystalline nanostructure yet achieved. There was a parallel or eutectic lattice orientation relationship between the submicrocrystals and its internal nanoparticles of their crystal planes, which is very conducive to the improvement of the mechanical properties of nano-ATZ ceramics. The fracture toughness and hardness of 30wt%Al2O3/70wt%ZrO2(3mol%Y2O3) can be as high as 5.68 ± 0.17 MPa·m1/2 (single-edge V-notched beam method, SEVNB) and 16.32 ± 0.45 GPa, respectively, which are improved by ~ 25 % and ~ 20 % compared with those of 3Y-TZP ceramics. Therefore, this method can be used to prepare nano-ATZ ceramics contained ultrafine nanoparticles and uniform distribution of Al2O3 phases.
Preparation of Al2TiO5 ceramic fibers and thermal expansion, insulation, and strength of ZrO2-Al2TiO5 fiberboards
Authors: Liu Wei , Xie Yongshuai , Deng Zhezhe , Peng Ying , Dong Jianhong , Zhu Ze , Ma Dehua , Zhu Luyi , Zhang Guanghui , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the field of thermal insulation, Zirconia (ZrO2) fiber and its products have high thermal expansion coefficients and poor thermal shock resistance, which leads to great challenges in the industry. In this work, aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) single-phase ceramic fibers were prepared by a sol-gel method, using polyacetylacetone titanium-aluminum (PAAT) as the precursors with electrospinning technology. The single-phase Al2TiO5 fibers exhibited excellent high-temperature resistance, and maintained fibers morphology at a high temperature of 1500 ºC. Next, ZrO2-Al2TiO5 (ZAT) fiberboards were prepared by mixing ZrO2 fibers and Al2TiO5 fibers. The mixture was heat-treated to 1500 ºC to prepare the ZAT fiberboards. Characterization results indicated that the contents of Al2TiO5 fibers have obvious effects on the performance of thermal insulation, strength, thermal expansion, and thermal shock resistance. Particularly, the thermal expansion coefficient of ZAT-8 fiberboards was about 20% lower than that of ZAT-0 fiberboards. These attractive characteristics might give ZAT fiberboards enormous potential in the field of high-temperature insulation.
Self-colorimetric determination of bio-ethanol using permanganate in fermentation samples
Authors: Abdelazim Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Without the aid of chromatographic techniques, quantification of bio-ethanol in fermentation-broth distillate becomes inconvenient. Potassium permanganate is preferable over potassium dichromate because of the latter well-known toxic properties, it is common used in ethyl alcohol determination either by visible determination of Cr(III) green optical density, a consumed Cr(VI) determination in strong acid medium by measuring band absorbance decrease at 267 nm or the unreacted Cr(VI) determination iodometrically after alcohol oxidation. Nevertheless, these titre methods arise difficulties experience analysts from multiple solutions preparation, standardization that should be carried out every day and to successful end point detection in the presence of Cr(III) green color which leads to a significant ethanol quantification error. Noteworthy permanganate-iodometry drawbacks as same as titre dichromate difficult practical procedures and multiple reagents employed. In this laboratory a self colorimetric method was developed in neutral medium as alcohol-specific oxidizing agent precludes both of its undesirable high oxidizing properties and difficult titrimetric methodologies for bio-ethanol quantification. It is based on unreacted permanganate optical density difference between a non ethanol-containing sample as a blank and ethanol-containing sample is directly proportional to the consumed permanganate amount in ethanol red-ox reaction and consequently directly proportional to ethanol content. This optical density difference versus ethanol concentration 1–6% v/v obeys Beer-Lampert law provides limit of detection, limit of quantification and correlation coefficient equal 0.17%, 0.56% and 0.999 respectively.
Pathogenic antibodies induced by spike proteins of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV viruses
Authors: Wang Huiru , Chen Qiuchi , Hu Yue , Wu Xiancong , Dai Lin , Zhang Yuekai , Li Fang , Lu Jinfeng , Chen Yuxing , Liu Xiaoling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study, using a virus-free mouse model, explores the pathogenic roles and novel mechanism of action of certain antibodies specific to the spike proteins of highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as the COVID-19 and the SARS-CoV viruses. These pathogenic antibodies, induced during a highly pathogenic infection such as the COVID-19 infection, target and bind to host vulnerable cells or tissues such as damaged lung epithelium cells, initiate a persistent self-attack immune response, and lead to serious conditions including ARDS, cytokine storms, and death. Moreover, the pathogenic antibodies may also be responsible for infection-related autoimmune diseases, including those experienced by COVID-19 long haulers. Furthermore, the pathogenic antibodies can bind to the unmatured fetal tissues and cause abortions, postpartum labors, still births, and neonatal deaths of pregnant females. Novel clinical interventions, through disrupting the binding of these pathogenic antibodies, can be developed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the new concept explored by this study may be applicable to other infectious diseases, such as the highly pathogenic influenza infections.
A Tablet ‐ Based Intervention for Activating Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: Results from a Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: O'Sullivan Julie Lorraine , Lech Sonia , Gellert Paul , Grittner Ulrike , Voigt-Antons Jan-Niklas , Möller Sebastian , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Nordheim Johanna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate global and momentary effects of a tablet-based non-pharmacological intervention for nursing home residents living with dementia.Design: Cluster-randomized controlled trial.Setting: Ten nursing homes in Germany were randomly allocated to the tablet-based intervention (TBI, 5 units) or conventional activity sessions (CAS, 5 units).Participants: N = 162 residents with dementia. Intervention: Participants received regular TBI (n = 80) with stimulating activities developed to engage people with dementia or CAS (n = 82) for eight weeks.Measurements: Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES-I, primary outcome), Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease scale, QUALIDEM scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale and psychotropic medication (secondary outcomes). Momentary quality of life was assessed before and after each activity session. Participants and staff were blinded until collection of baseline data was completed. Data was analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Results: Levels of apathy decreased slightly in both groups (mean decrease in AES-I of .61 points, 95%CI: -3.54 to 2.33 for TBI and .36 points, 95%CI: -3.27 to 2.55 for CAS). Group difference in change of apathy was not statistically significant (B = .25; 95%CI: -3.89 to 4.38, p = .91). This corresponds to a standardized effect size (Cohen’s d) of .02. A reduction of psychotropic medication was found for TBI compared to CAS. Further analyses revealed a post-intervention improvement in QUALIDEM scores across both groups and short-term improvements of momentary quality of life in the CAS group.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that interventions involving tailored activities have a beneficial impact on global and momentary quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia. Although we found no clear advantage of TBI compared to CAS, tablet computers can support delivery of non-pharmacological interventions in nursing homes and facilitate regular assessments of fluctuating momentary states. Funding: German National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds. Registry: ISRCTN98947160.
Magmatic volatiles and platinum-group element mineralization in the Stillwater layered intrusion, U.S.A.
Authors: Parker Amy P. , Clay Patricia L. , Boudreau Alan E. , Burgess Ray , O’Driscoll Brian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The activity of volatile-rich fluids may be important in the evolution of basaltic magmatic systems and associated precious metal ore formation. There is evidence for Cl-rich fluids within the Stillwater Complex (Montana, U.S.A.), which have been linked to platinum and palladium mineralization in the economically important Johns-Manville (J-M) Reef ore body. We present the first data set for heavy halogens (Cl, Br, and I) and natural noble gas isotopes in bulk rock and mineral separates from the Peridotite Zone and the Olivine-Bearing Zone I of the Stillwater Complex, including samples from the J-M Reef and G Chromitite bodies. Our data reveal concentrations of 4 to 13 500 ppm for Cl, 26 ppb to 360 ppm for Br, and &lt;1 ppb to 9 ppm I over the whole sample set. Cl, Br, and I correlate well with each other implying a shared process and/or distribution in mineral species. Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios span a range from 0.3 to 35 × 10−3 and 5 to 900 × 10−6 by weight, respectively, encompassing MORB-like to more enriched compositions, particularly for Br/Cl. High-Br/Cl ratios compared to MORB in some Stillwater samples suggest fractionation of halogens during the exsolution of a volatile-rich fluid to explain the most Br-enriched samples. More generally, the presence of minerals such as scapolite, hornblende, and apatite in the most halogen-enriched samples suggests that the halogen-bearing fluids were derived from the cooling of the intrusion rather than late-stage (low-temperature) metamorphism. The combined halogen abundance and noble gas isotope data set imply that crustal contamination may have played a limited role in the crystallization of pegmatoids and the G Chromitite but is not required to account for the halogen budget of the J-M Reef. High-halogen contents in the sulfide-bearing J-M Reef and associated lithologies are consistent with the influence of fluid-related activity during platinum-group element (PGE)-Reef formation, lending weight to the hydromagmatic model for mineralization in the Stillwater intrusion. Our new data also imply chalcophile tendencies of Br and I over Cl in sulfides in natural systems, hinting at the importance of sulfide liquid interaction with halogen-rich fluids in the formation of sulfide-hosted precious metal ore deposits.
Spectroscopic and Computational Studies on a Dansyl Based Luminescent
Probe: Detection of Water Contaminant in Hygroscopic Deuterated
Solvents
Authors: Mandal Saurodeep , Pramanik Koushik , Das Sujoy , Islam Md Majharul , Mandal Sukhendu , Sahoo Prithidipa 
Published: June 2021

:
A Dansyl functionalized fluorescent probe (DFFP) has been intended, synthesized,
and well-characterized (NMR, IR, Mass, SEM, SCXRD), capable of sensing trace amounts of
water contaminant in hygroscopic deuterated solvents by changing colour under UV irradiation.
A distinct bathochromic shift in emission spectra of probe DFFP and the visual colour change
(Green to Yellow) under UV lamp are the key evidence of the presence of water contaminant. To
prove the potentiality of the probe while detecting the remnant water, we did some experimental
studies along with exhaustive theoretical evaluation. DFT (Energy optimization and other
calculations) helped in better understanding the sensing mechanism and the mode of interactions
among probe-water-solvent. Total electron density mapped over Electrostatic Potential Surface
and calculation of ESP charges helped in locating more electron-dense regions in the ground
state. The involvement of TD-DFT studies helped in finding the possible electronic transitions
and corresponding absorption bands. Moreover, the probe is capable of sensing ethanolic water
vapour in the gaseous phase. Due to high fluorescence and being nontoxic to cells, probe DFFP
could be used as a potential cell imaging dye. It has been employed in a human cancer cell line
(A549), and fluorescent confocal microscopic images were obtained.
Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled D5-Cyhalothrin, D5-Fenpropathrin and
D5-Fenvalerate from Deuterium Phenol
Authors: Xu Zhongjie , Bai Shaofei , Shen Liyan , Luo Yong , Hu Zuming 
Published: June 2021

:
A convenient synthetic route of deuterium-labeled D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and
D5-fenvalerate is described with 98.7%, 98.5%, and 98.3% isotopic enrichment and high chemical purities
using D6-phenol as labeled starting material. These structures and isotope-abundance were confirmed
by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The prepared D5-cyhalothrin, D5-fenpropathrin, and D5-
fenvalerate can be used as a standard internal reagent for the determination of residual pyrethroids of
food and environment.
A Web Interface for Antibiotic Prescription Recommendations in Primary Care: User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Madar Ronni , Ugon Adrien , Ivanković Damir , Tsopra Rosy 
Published: June 2021

Background
Antibiotic misuse is a serious public health problem worldwide. National health authorities release clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to guide general practitioners (GPs) in their choice of antibiotics. However, despite the large-scale dissemination of CPGs, GPs continue to prescribe antibiotics that are not recommended as first-line treatments. This nonadherence to recommendations may be due to GPs misunderstanding the CPGs. A web interface displaying antibiotic prescription recommendations and their justifications could help to improve the comprehensibility and readability of CPGs, thereby increasing the adoption of recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment.

Objective
This study aims to design and evaluate a web interface for antibiotic prescription displaying both the recommended antibiotics and their justifications in the form of antibiotic properties.

Methods
A web interface was designed according to the same principles as e-commerce interfaces and was assessed by 117 GPs. These GPs were asked to answer 17 questions relating to the usefulness, user-friendliness, and comprehensibility and readability of the interface, and their satisfaction with it. Responses were recorded on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from “absolutely disagree” to “absolutely agree”). At the end of the evaluation, the GPs were allowed to provide optional, additional free comments.

Results
The antibiotic prescription web interface consists of three main sections: a clinical summary section, a filter section, and a recommended antibiotics section. The majority of GPs appreciated the clinical summary (90/117, 76.9%) and filter (98/117, 83.8%) sections, whereas 48.7% (57/117) of them reported difficulty reading some of the icons in the recommended antibiotics section. Overall, 82.9% (97/117) of GPs found the display of drug properties useful, and 65.8% (77/117) reported that the web interface improved their understanding of CPG recommendations.

Conclusions
The web interface displaying antibiotic recommendations and their properties can help doctors understand the rationale underlying CPG recommendations regarding antibiotic treatment, but further improvements are required before its implementation into a clinical decision support system.