bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ illness perception before and after non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A pre‐post quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Discepoli Nicola , Marruganti Crystal , Mirra Raffaele , Pettinari Gessica , Ferrari Cagidiaco Edoardo , Ferrari Marco 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient's illness perception, assessed through the Brief‐Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief‐IPQ), plays a decisive role in the treatment effectiveness of a wide range of chronic diseases; nonetheless, evidence is still lacking regarding periodontitis. The aim of the present pre‐post quasi‐experimental study was to evaluate the change in the Brief‐IPQ before and after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NST) and to evaluate its ability to foresee the efficacy of NST.MethodsA total of 126 periodontitis participants starting NST were asked to participate in the study. The nine‐item Brief‐IPQ together with a full periodontal chart were recorded at baseline and at the 3‐month follow up (reevaluation) after NST. Pre‐post comparisons of psychometric and periodontal variables were carried out through the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (α = 0.05). A predictive model was built to test the ability of the Brief‐IPQ items to foresee the efficacy of NST.ResultsNST led to a significant reduction in all periodontal parameters (P < 0.001); the proportion of pockets closed was 64.18%. Although the overall sum score of the Brief‐IPQ remained fairly stable (P = 0.0673), significant changes occurred for items seven (“understanding”) (P < 0.001) and 8 (“emotional response”) (P < 0.05). The best model (R2 = 0.068, F = 2.15, P = 0.033) obtained from the multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that item five (“identity”) (β = 2.340, P = 0.017) and item eight (“emotional response”) (β = ‐2.569, P = 0.008) significantly predict the efficacy of NST (i.e., the proportion of pockets closed at reevaluation).ConclusionsNST significantly ameliorates patient's understanding and emotional burden related to periodontitis. Baseline values of perceived symptoms and emotional response are predictive for the short‐term efficacy of NST.
Enabling rapid identification of biotherapeutic protein products using handheld Raman spectrometers and principal component analysis
Authors: Soto Robert J. , Meriage David S. , Wagner Robin L. , Wang Ting , Semin David J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHerein, the utility of Raman spectroscopy for rapid identity (ID) verification of biotherapeutic protein products in solution is demonstrated. The success of this approach hinges on the unique combination of Raman features associated with both the therapeutic agent and excipients as the basis for product differentiation. Product ID method development subjects Raman spectra of the target product(s) to dimension reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) to define product‐specific models which serve as the basis for the ID method decision algorithm. In the initial stages of this work, instrumental sources of variance such as intensity‐axis multiplicative scaling and wavenumber‐axis alignment lead to high rates of erroneous false‐negatives when the methods were executed on other instruments that were not used for model development. To overcome these issues, the PCA‐based spectral models were systematically studied and iteratively adjusted to elucidate key design requirements for transferable models. The use of specific spectral preprocessing algorithms was implemented to compensate for instrumental variance, which reduced false‐negative rates without sacrificing method specificity. Five different methods, along with the associated product samples, were evaluated on 15 Raman instruments that had not been used for method development. No false‐positive analyses occurred for any of the five methods. A small number of false negatives (~2%) were observed on analyzers that performed outside of the instrument manufacturer's specifications and thus would have been identified during preventive maintenance. Taken together, this paper lays the groundwork for developing and implementing Raman ID methods for solution‐based protein products in the biopharmaceutical industry.
Comparison of urinary incontinence, based on pelvic floor and abdominal muscle strength, between nulliparous female athletes and non‐athletes: A secondary analysis
Authors: Arbieto Eliane Regina Mendoza , dos Santos Keyla Mara , da Luz Soraia Cristina Tonon , Da Roza Thuane 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare the strength of abdominal and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) between nulliparous female athletes (FAs) and non‐athletes (FNAs), to determine the frequency of urinary incontinence (UI) in these groups.MethodsThis cross‐sectional comparative study of nulliparous women included 39 professional FAs, who competed at the district level or above, and 34 FNAs. Participants underwent pelvic floor and abdominal muscle assessments. PFM function and strength were assessed using the modified Oxford scale and a manometer (PERINA 996‐2 QUARK). Abdominal muscle function and strength were assessed using a 4‐Pro isokinetic dynamometer. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form was used to assess UI symptoms among the athletes, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form was used to establish the level of physical activity among the non‐athletes.ResultsThe prevalence of UIs in the FAs was 53.8%, while that for FNAs was 35.3%. There was no association between being an athlete and having UI (p = 0.112). FAs were found to weigh more (p = 0.012) and have increased abdominal muscle strength (p = 0.014) and maximum voluntary PFM contraction as recorded by the manometer (p = 0.035), as well as a decreased PFM contraction endurance time (p = 0.025) than FNAs.ConclusionFAs had stronger abdominal muscles and PFM contraction, as assessed by a manometer, but less PFM endurance when compared to FNAs. Despite these differences, the prevalence of UI was similar between groups.
Sensitivity and variability of soil health indicators in a California cropping system
Authors: Lazicki Patricia , Mazza Rodrigues Jorge L. , Geisseler Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn indicator that is used to monitor whether a management practice is improving soil health must be sensitive to management changes. However, it should not be overly influenced by variations in sampling time or location, previous crop, or annual differences in weather or operations timing. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity and variability of several soil health indicators in long‐term plots under typical farming practices in a Mediterranean climate. These plots have been conventionally or organically farmed in a corn (Zea mays L.)–processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rotation for 25 yr. We sampled in both crop phases prior to planting and midseason for two consecutive years, analyzing subsamples taken from three adjacent locations per plot. Management was the most significant factor differentiating most indicators, particularly indicators of biological processes and C accumulation. Whereas management differences were consistent across sampling times, average indicator values for a management system often varied significantly between dates and years. Crop phases, conversely, were usually similar. Accounting for soil texture increased management sensitivity for aggregate stability and most C accumulation indicators. Sensitive indicators such as mineral N, particulate organic matter C, and mineralizable C had greater subsample variability than indicators measuring large, stable pools, such as total C. Our results show that indicators relating to organic C and biological processes most strongly differentiated the two systems, and underline the importance of using consistent sampling dates. They also suggest that an indicator dataset including both stable and sensitive indicators may be the most reliable to interpret.
Fast Label‐Free Nanoscale Composition Mapping of Eukaryotic Cells Via Scanning Dielectric Force Volume Microscopy and Machine Learning
Authors: Checa Martí , Millan‐Solsona Ruben , Mares Adrianna Glinkowska , Pujals Silvia , Gomila Gabriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMapping the biochemical composition of eukaryotic cells without the use of exogenous labels is a long‐sought objective in cell biology. Recently, it has been shown that composition maps on dry single bacterial cells with nanoscale spatial resolution can be inferred from quantitative nanoscale dielectric constant maps obtained with the scanning dielectric microscope. Here, it is shown that this approach can also be applied to the much more challenging case of fixed and dry eukaryotic cells, which are highly heterogeneous and show micrometric topographic variations. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the main bottleneck of the technique (the long computation times required to extract the nanoscale dielectric constant maps) can be shortcut by using supervised neural networks, decreasing them from weeks to seconds in a wokstation computer. This easy‐to‐use data‐driven approach opens the door for in situ and on‐the‐fly label free nanoscale composition mapping of eukaryotic cells with scanning dielectric microscopy.
Crown–rump length measurement error: impact on assessment of growth
Authors: Gadsbøll K. , Wright A. , Kristensen S. E. , Verfaille V. , Nicolaides K. H. , Wright D. , Petersen O. B. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the impact of first‐trimester crown–rump length (CRL) measurement error on the interpretation of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and classification of fetuses as small‐, large‐ or appropriate‐for‐gestational age on subsequent growth scans.MethodsWe examined the effects of errors of ± 2, ± 3 and ± 4 mm in the measurement of fetal CRL on percentiles of EFW at 20, 32 and 36 weeks' gestation and classification as small‐, large‐ or appropriate‐for‐gestational age. Published data on CRL measurement error were used to determine variation present in practice.ResultsA measurement error of −2 mm in first‐trimester CRL shifts an EFW on the 10th percentile at the 20‐week scan to around the 20th percentile, and the effect of a CRL measurement error of + 2 mm would shift an EFW on the 10th percentile to around the 5th percentile. At 32 weeks, a first‐trimester CRL measurement error would shift an EFW on the 10th percentile to the 7th (+ 2 mm) or 14th (−2 mm) percentile; at 36 weeks, the EFW would shift from the 10th percentile to the 8th (+ 2 mm) or 12th (−2 mm) percentile. Published data suggest that measurement errors of 2 mm or more are common in practice.ConclusionBecause of the widespread and potentially severe consequences of CRL measurement errors as small as 2 mm on clinical assessment, patient management and research results, there is a need to increase awareness of the impact of CRL measurement error and to reduce measurement error variation through standardization and quality control. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Temporalsemantische Dynamisierungen: Zur Korrelation von Regression und Progression
Authors: Brössel Stephan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung zu unserem Gegenstandsfeld spricht immer wieder von einer »Auflösung der Romantik« (Schmidt 1853: 434) oder von einer ›Fortwirkung der Romantik‹ (vgl. Kluckhohn 1928), von ›Metamorphosen der Romantik‹ (vgl. Hauser 1953) und von einer ›Romantik im Vormärz‹ (vgl. Dedner/Hoftstaetter 1992).
Schluss: Ein Plädoyer für die Zukunft der Zwischenphase
Authors: Brössel Stephan 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungKehren wir zum Anfang zurück. Die vorangegangenen Ausführungen dienen als Versuch, ein erneutes Nachdenken über die Phase zwischen Goethezeit und Realismus anzustoßen – eine Beschäftigung damit, wie die vielfach konstatierte Vielschichtigkeit und Diversität dieser Phase produktiv in die Literaturgeschichtsschreibung eingebracht werden könnte und nicht einfach kapitulierend als Diffusität hingenommen wird. Die Literaturwissenschaft täte gut daran, die Differenz im Objektbereich als solche anzuerkennen und sie in der Modellbildung des literarhistorischen Segments und der Periodisierung der Literatur des 19. Jahrhunderts im deutschsprachigen Raum zu berücksichtigen.
An improved holographic nodal line semimetal
Authors: Liu Yan , Wu Xin-Meng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study an improved holographic model for the strongly coupled nodal line semimetal which satisfies the duality relation between the rank two tensor operators $$ \overline{\psi}{\gamma}^{\mu v}\psi $$

ψ
¯

γ
μv

ψ
and $$ \overline{\psi}{\gamma}^{\mu v}{\gamma}^5\psi $$

ψ
¯

γ
μv

γ
5

ψ
. We introduce a Chern-Simons term and a mass term in the bulk for a complex two form field which is dual to the above tensor operators and the duality relation is automatically satisfied from holography. We find that there exists a quantum phase transition from a topological nodal line semimetal phase to a trivial phase. In the topological phase, there exist multiple nodal lines in the fermionic spectrum which are topologically nontrivial. The bulk geometries are different from the previous model without the duality constraint, while the resulting properties are qualitatively similar to those in that model. This improved model provides a more natural ground to analyze transports or other properties of strongly coupled nodal line semimetals.
Spin(7) Instantons and Hermitian Yang–Mills Connections for the Stenzel Metric
Authors: Papoulias Vasileios Ektor 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe use the highly symmetric Stenzel Calabi–Yau structure on$$T^{\star }S^{4}$$T⋆S4as a testing ground for the relationship between the Spin(7) instanton and Hermitian–Yang–Mills (HYM) equations. We reduce both problems to tractable ODEs and look for invariant solutions. In the abelian case, we establish local equivalence and prove a global nonexistence result. We analyze the nonabelian equations with structure group SO(3) and construct the moduli space of invariant Spin(7) instantons in this setting. This is comprised of two 1-parameter families—one of them explicit—of irreducible Spin(7) instantons. Each carries a unique HYM connection. We thus negatively resolve the question regarding the equivalence of the two gauge theoretic PDEs. The HYM connections play a role in the compactification of this moduli space, exhibiting aremovable singularityphenomenon that we aim to further examine in future work.
The HELENA study: Hexvix®-TURB vs. white-light TURB followed by intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy—a prospective randomized controlled open-label multicenter non-inferiority study
Authors: Gierth M. , Breyer J. , Zeman F. , Fritsche H. M. , Cordes J. , Karl A. , Zaak D. , Stenzl A. , von Schmeling I. Kausch , Sommerhuber A. , Zierer T. , Burger M. , Mayr R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Photodynamic diagnosis and white-light TURB with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy (ICT) is widely used in treatment of bladder cancer. This non-inferiority trial is designed to demonstrate non-inferiority regarding recurrence-free survival (RFS) of Hexvix® TURB followed by immediate instillation compared to white-light TURB with immediate instillation followed by maintenance ICT.

Methods
Between 07/2010 and 12/2016, 129 patients with EORTC intermediate risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treated with TURB were included in this multicentre phase III study. Patients were randomized and received either white-light TURB with immediate ICT followed by maintenance ICT (n = 62, 20 mg Mitomycin weekly for 6 weeks as induction phase, afterwards 20 mg/month for 6 months) or Hexvix® TURB with immediate ICT only (n = 67, 40 mg Mitomycin). Primary study endpoint was RFS after 12 months. Hexvix® TURB was counted as non-inferior to white light alone if the upper limit of the one-sided 95% confidence interval of hazard ratio was lower than 1.676. Due to the non-inferiority design, the per-protocol population was used as the primary analysis population (n = 113)

Results
Median follow-up was 1.81 years. Hexvix® group showed more events (recurrence or death) than white-light group (19 vs. 10) resulting in a HR of 1.29 (upper limit of one-sided 95%-CI = 2.45; pnon-inferiority = 0.249). The ITT population yielded similar results (HR = 1.67); 3.18], pnon-inferiority = 0.493). There was no significant difference in overall survival between both groups (p = 0.257).

Conclusion
Non-inferiority of Hexvix® TURB relative to white-light TURB with maintenance Mitomycin instillation in intermediate risk urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was not proven. Hence a higher effect of maintenance ICT is to assume compared to a Hexvix®-improved TURB only, confirming its important role in patient treatment.
Vergleich der subjektiven Lebensqualitätsverbesserung von Patienten nach eröffnenden und minimal-invasiven Operationstechniken zur Rekanalisierung von Tränenwegsstenosen in den Jahren 2015 bis 2018
Authors: Mehlan J. , Ismani F. , Dulz S. , Green S. , Spitzer M. S. , Schüttauf F. 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die eröffnende und die minimal-invasive Tränenwegschirurgie gehören zu den häufigen Operationsindikationen. Jedoch ist bislang wenig über die jeweilige Beeinflussung der Lebensqualität bekannt.

Ziel der Arbeit
Mit dieser Studie soll die subjektive Beeinflussung der Lebensqualität von Patienten nach eröffnenden und minimal-invasiven Operationstechniken zur Rekanalisierung von Dakryostenosen vergleichend erfasst werden.

Material und Methoden
Aus dem Kollektiv der Patienten, die von 2015 bis 2018 am Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf operiert wurden, nahmen 169 Patienten (111 DCR, 58 Endoskopie) an der Umfrage teil und beantworteten 9 Fragen zur subjektiven Zufriedenheit, welche wir – auch vergleichend – ausgewertet haben.

Ergebnisse
Gefragt nach der postoperativen Zufriedenheit zeigten sich die Patienten nach DCR signifikant zufriedener (p = 0,001) als die Patienten, die eine Tränenwegsendoskopie erhielten. Es zeigte sich kein signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich der postoperativen Komplikationen (p = 0,348). Die Rate an Re-Operationen jedoch war in der Patientengruppe, welche eine Tränenwegsendoskopie erhielten, signifikant höher (Chi-Quadrat-Test, p = 0,004).

Schlussfolgerung
Zusammenfassend lässt sich daher sagen, dass die DCR hinsichtlich der Patientenzufriedenheit einer Tränenwegsendoskopie nicht unterlegen ist.
Vorhersage von Zeitserien der Biogasproduktion in anaeroben Faultürmen mit einem Temporal Fusion Transformer
Authors: Sappl Johannes , Harders Matthias , Rauch W. 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAnaerobe Gärung in Faultürmen liefert als fixer Bestandteil vieler Abwasserreinigungsanlagen einen wertvollen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Energieerzeugung. Der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die gewonnene Menge an Biogas ist dabei noch nicht hinreichend erforscht. Mit Veränderungen am Faulprozess kann unter realen Bedingungen jedoch nicht experimentiert werden. Deshalb trainieren wir ein datengetriebenes Modell, einen sogenannten Temporal Fusion Transformer, welcher die biochemischen Vorgänge abbildet und Vorhersagen über die zu erwartende Produktionsrate trifft. Sowohl Zeitserien als auch nicht-numerische Merkmale werden dabei gemeinsam verarbeitet. Dies liefert ein umfassenderes Bild, weil externe Faktoren, wie z. B. Schwankungen bedingt durch den Tourismus, ebenfalls mit in Betracht gezogen werden. Das Modell stützt sich auf die vorliegende Information der letzten sieben Tage und erstellt daraus eine Vorhersage für die kommende Woche. Diese besteht zusätzlich zum Median aus den 2 %-, 10 %-, 25 %-, 75 %-, 90 %-und 98 %-Quantilen. Damit unterstützt und verbessert unser Modell die betriebliche Entscheidungsfindung. Der zur Kalibrierung verwendete Datensatz stammt von zwei realen Fermentern in Tirol.
Stability conditions in families
Authors: Bayer Arend , Lahoz Martí , Macrì Emanuele , Nuer Howard , Perry Alexander , Stellari Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop a theory of Bridgeland stability conditions and moduli spaces of semistable objects for a family of varieties. Our approach is based on and generalizes previous work by Abramovich–Polishchuk, Kuznetsov, Lieblich, and Piyaratne–Toda. Our notion includes openness of stability, semistable reduction, a support property uniformly across the family, and boundedness of semistable objects. We show that such a structure exists whenever stability conditions are known to exist on the fibers.Our main application is the generalization of Mukai’s theory for moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on K3 surfaces to moduli spaces of Bridgeland semistable objects in the Kuznetsov component associated to a cubic fourfold. This leads to the extension of theorems by Addington–Thomas and Huybrechts on the derived category of special cubic fourfolds, to a new proof of the integral Hodge conjecture, and to the construction of an infinite series of unirational locally complete families of polarized hyperkähler manifolds of K3 type.Other applications include the deformation-invariance of Donaldson–Thomas invariants counting Bridgeland stable objects on Calabi–Yau threefolds, and a method for constructing stability conditions on threefolds via degeneration.
Benznidazole in vitro dissolution release from a pH-sensitive drug delivery system using Zif-8 as a carrier
Authors: de Moura Ferraz Leslie Raphael , Tabosa Alinne Élida Gonçalves Alves , da Silva Nascimento Débora Dolores Souza , Ferreira Aline Silva , Silva José Yago Rodrigues , Junior Severino Alves , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Rolim-Neto Pedro Jose 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Endemic in underdeveloped and developed countries, due to the migratory movement, it is considered a serious public health problem. Endemic in underdeveloped countries and due to the migratory movement, in developed countries as well, it is considered a serious public health problem. One of the reasons for this is a weak therapeutic arsenal, represented only by the drug benznidazole (BNZ) which, although it promotes significant cure rates in the acute phase of the disease, presents serious problems of toxicity and bioavailability, mainly due to its low aqueous solubility. Several studies have presented several drug delivery systems (DDS) based on BNZ aiming at enhancing its solubility in aqueous medium and, with this, promoting an increase in the dissolution rate and, consequently, in its bioavailability. However, the present work is a pioneer in using a zeolitic imidazolate framework as a carrier agent for a DDS in order to promote a pH-sensitive modulation of the drug. Thus, this work aimed to develop a novel DDS based on BNZ and the ZIF-8 to use it in development of prolonged-release dosage forms to alternative treatment of Chagas disease. The BNZ@ZIF-8 system was obtained through an ex situ method selected due to its higher incorporation efficiency (38%). Different characterization techniques corroborated the obtainment and drug release data were analyzed by in vitro dissolution assay under sink and non-sink conditions and setting the kinetic results through both model dependent and independent methods. Under sink conditions, at pH 4.5, BNZ and BNZ@ZIF-8 showed similar release profile, but the DDS was effective in promoting a prolonged release. At pH 7.6, after 7 h, BNZ showed a lower release than BNZ@ZIF-8. On the other hand, in non-sink conditions at pH 4.5 the BNZ presented 80% of drug release in 3 h, while the DDS in 6 h. At pH 7.6, BNZ presented a release of 80% in 2 h, while the DDS reaches it in only at 12 h. Therefore, at pH 4.5 the DDS BNZ@ZIF-8 showed a faster release with a burst effect, while at pH 7.6 it showed a prolonged and controlled release. Finally, it is evident that a promising DDS pH-sensitive was obtained as a novel carrier that might be able to prolongs BNZ release in dosage forms intended for the alternative treatment of Chagas disease.