bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased crystalloid fluid requirements during zone 3 Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) versus Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) after class II hemorrhage in swine
Authors: Brännström Andreas , Dahlquist Albin , Gustavsson Jenny , Arborelius Ulf P. , Günther Mattias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposePelvic and lower junctional hemorrhage result in a significant amount of trauma related deaths in military and rural civilian environments. The Abdominal Aortic and Junctional Tourniquet (AAJT) and infra-renal (zone 3) Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) are two options for resuscitation of patients with life threatening blood loss from and distal to the pelvis. Evidence suggest differences in the hemodynamic response between AAJT and zone 3 REBOA, but fluid management during resuscitation with the devices has not been fully elucidated. We compared crystalloid fluid requirements (Ringer’s acetate) between these devices to maintain a carotid mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 60 mmHg.Methods60 kg anesthetized and mechanically ventilated male pigs were subjected to a mean 1030 (range 900–1246) mL (25% of estimated total blood volume, class II) haemorrhage. AAJT (n = 6) or zone 3 REBOA (n = 6) were then applied for 240 min. Crystalloid fluids were administered to maintain carotid MAP. The animals were monitored for 30 min after reperfusion.ResultsCumulative resuscitative fluid requirements increased 7.2 times (mean difference 2079 mL; 95% CI 627–3530 mL) in zone 3 REBOA (mean 2412; range 800–4871 mL) compared to AAJT (mean 333; range 0–1000 mL) to maintain target carotid MAP. Release of the AAJT required vasopressor support with norepinephrine infusion for a mean 9.6 min (0.1 µg/kg/min), while REBOA release required no vasopressor support.ConclusionZone 3 REBOA required 7.2 times more crystalloids to maintain the targeted MAP. The AAJT may therefore be considered in a situation of hemorrhagic shock to limit the need for crystalloid infusions, although removal of the AAJT caused more severe hemodynamic and metabolic effects which required vasopressor support.
Glucocorticoids dexamethasone and prednisolone suppress fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)
Authors: Feger Martina , Ewendt Franz , Strotmann Jörg , Schäffler Holger , Kempe-Teufel Daniela , Glosse Philipp , Stangl Gabriele I. , Föller Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone mainly secreted by bone cells. Its most prominent effects are the regulation of renal phosphate reabsorption and calcitriol (active vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3) formation, effects dependent on its co-receptor αKlotho. Besides these actions, further paracrine and endocrine effects exist. The production of FGF23 is regulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone, dietary phosphate intake, iron status, as well as inflammation. Glucocorticoids are hormones with anti-inflammatory properties and are, therefore, widely used for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. The present study explored whether glucocorticoids influence the production of FGF23 in vitro as well as in mice. Fgf23 transcription was analyzed by semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Serum concentrations of FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were measured by ELISA. Urinary phosphate and Ca2+ excretion were determined in metabolic cages. As a result, in UMR106 rat osteoblast-like cells and in MC3T3-E1 cells, both, dexamethasone and prednisolone, downregulated Fgf23 transcription and FGF23 protein synthesis. Dexamethasone increased Dmp1 and Phex (encoding FGF23-regulating genes) as well as Nfkbia (encoding NFκB inhibitor IκBα) transcription in UMR106 cells. In mice, a single injection of dexamethasone or prednisolone was followed by a significant decrease of serum C-terminal and intact FGF23 concentration and bone Fgf23 mRNA expression within 12 h. These effects were paralleled by increased renal phosphate excretion and enhanced 1,25(OH)2D3 formation. We conclude that a single glucocorticoid treatment strongly downregulates the FGF23 plasma concentration.

Key messages

Glucocorticoids dexamethasone and prednisolone suppress the formation of bone-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in vitro.

The effect is accompanied by an upregulation of Dmp1, Phex, and IκBα, negative regulators of FGF23, in UMR106 osteoblast-like cells.

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU-486 attenuates the effect of dexamethasone on FGF23, Dmp1, and Phex.

In mice, a single glucocorticoid dose suppresses FGF23 and enhances 1,25(OH)2D3 (active vitamin D).
Molecular dynamics simulation of the Pb(II) coordination in biological media via cationic dummy atom models
Authors: Tolbatov Iogann , Marrone Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coordination of Pb(II) in aqueous solutions containing thiols is a pivotal topic to the understanding of the pollutant potential of this cation. Based on its hard/soft borderline nature, Pb(II) forms stable hydrated ions as well as stable complexes with the thiol groups of proteins. In this paper, the modeling of Pb(II) coordination via classical molecular dynamics simulations was investigated to assess the possible use of non-bonded potentials for the description of the metal–ligand interaction. In particular, this study aimed at testing the capability of cationic dummy atom schemes—in which part of the mass and charge of the Pb(II) is fractioned in three or four sites anchored to the metal center—in reproducing the correct coordination geometry and, also, in describing the hard/soft borderline character of this cation. Preliminary DFT calculations were used to design two topological schemes, PB3 and PB4, that were subsequently implemented in the Amber force field and employed in molecular dynamics simulation of either pure water or thiol/thiolate-containing aqueous solutions. The PB3 scheme was then tested to model the binding of Pb(II) to the lead-sensing protein pbrR. The potential use of CDA topological schemes in the modeling of Pb(II) coordination was here critically discussed.
Effect of sucrose replacement and resistant starch addition on textural properties of gluten-free doughs and biscuits
Authors: Di Cairano Maria , Caruso Marisa Carmela , Galgano Fernanda , Favati Fabio , Ekere Ndy , Tchuenbou-Magaia Fideline 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a need to develop low-sugar healthy products. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of maltitol and inulin as sucrose replacement alongside resistant starch (RS) and green banana flour (GBF) on the texture and physical properties of gluten-free doughs and biscuits formulated with buckwheat, sorghum and lentil flours. These properties are important to predict the dough workability, how easy the biscuits could be mass-produced and determine consumers’ acceptability. Results showed that partial and complete substitution of sucrose could be achieved and appropriate concentration of resistant starch or green banana flour contributed to better dough and biscuit texture. RS content showed the biggest influence on dough stickiness and biscuit hardness and could be used to correct the negative effect of sucrose replacement and to maximise both the dough processability and biscuit acceptability.
Effect of boiling on classification performance of potatoes determined by computer vision
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potato boiling on the correctness of cultivar discrimination. The research was performed in an objective, inexpensive and fast manner using the image analysis technique. The textures of the outer surface of slice images of raw and boiled potatoes were calculated. The discriminative models based on a set of textures selected from all color channels (R, G, B, L, a, b, X, Y, Z, U, V, S), textures selected for color spaces and textures selected for individual color channels were developed. In the case of discriminant analysis of raw potatoes of cultivars ‘Colomba’, ‘Irga’ and ‘Riviera’, the accuracies reached 94.33% for the model built based on a set of textures selected from all color channels, 94% for Lab and XYZ color spaces, 92% for color channel b and 92.33% for a set of combined textures selected from channels B, b, and Z. The processed potatoes were characterized by the accuracy of up to 98.67% for the model including the textures selected from all color channels, 98% for RGB color space, 95.33% for color channel b, 96.67% for the model combining the textures selected from channels B, b, and Z. In the case of raw and processed potatoes, the cultivar ‘Irga’ differed in 100% from other potato cultivars. The results revealed an increase in cultivar discrimination accuracy after the processing of potatoes. The textural features of the outer surface of slice images have proved useful for cultivar discrimination of raw and processed potatoes.
Complete genome sequence of lovastatin producer Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 and evaluation of genomic diversity among A. terreus strains
Authors: Ryngajłło Małgorzata , Boruta Tomasz , Bizukojć Marcin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the present study, the complete genome of a filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 was sequenced, assembled, and annotated. This strain is mainly recognized for being a model wild-type lovastatin producer and a parental strain of high-yielding industrial mutants. It is also a microorganism with a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites that has been a subject of numerous bioprocess-related studies. In terms of continuity, the genomic sequence provided in this work is of the highest quality among all the publicly available genomes of A. terreus strains. The comparative analysis revealed considerable diversity with regard to the catalog of biosynthetic gene clusters found in A. terreus. Even though the cluster of lovastatin biosynthesis was found to be well-conserved at the species level, several unique genes putatively associated with metabolic functions were detected in A. terreus ATCC 20542 that were not detected in other investigated genomes. The analysis was conducted also in the context of the primary metabolic pathways (sugar catabolism, biomass degradation potential, organic acid production), where the visible differences in gene copy numbers were detected. However, the species-level genomic diversity of A. terreus was more evident for secondary metabolism than for the well-conserved primary metabolic pathways. The newly sequenced genome of A. terreus ATCC 20542 was found to harbor several unique sequences, which can be regarded as interesting subjects for future experimental efforts on A. terreus metabolism and fungal biosynthetic capabilities.

Key points
• The high-quality genome of Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 has been assembled and annotated.
• Comparative analysis with other sequenced Aspergillus terreus strains has revealed considerable diversity in biosynthetic gene repertoire, especially related to secondary metabolism.
• The unique genomic features of A. terreus ATCC 20542 are discussed.
Abatacept as salvage therapy in chronic graft-versus-host disease—a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wertheimer Tobias , Dohse Marius , Afram Gabriel , Weber Daniela , Heidenreich Martin , Holler Barbara , Kattner Anna-Sophia , Neubauer Andreas , Mielke Stephan , Ljungman Per , Holler Ernst , Herr Wolfgang , Edinger Matthias , Martínez Antonio Pérez , Fante Matthias , Wolff Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe immunomodulatory fusion protein abatacept has recently been investigated for the treatment of steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) in a phase 1 clinical trial. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of abatacept for cGvHD therapy in a retrospective study with 15 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and received abatacept for cGvHD with a median age of 49 years. Grading was performed as part of the clinical routine according to the National Institute of Health’s (NIH) consensus criteria at initiation of abatacept and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months thereafter. The median time of follow-up was 191 days (range 55–393 days). Best overall response rate (ORR) was 40%. In particular, patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome showed significant clinical improvement and durable responses following abatacept treatment with a response rate of 89% based on improvement in lung severity score (n= 6) or stabilized lung function (n= 4) or both (n= 3). Infectious complications CTCAE °III or higher were observed in 3/15 patients. None of the patients relapsed from the underlying malignancy. Thus, abatacept appears to be a promising treatment option for cGvHD, in particular for patients with lung involvement. However, further evaluation within a phase 2 clinical trial is required.
A machine learning-based branch and price algorithm for a sampled vehicle routing problem
Authors: Furian Nikolaus , O’Sullivan Michael , Walker Cameron , Çela Eranda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlanning of operations, such as routing of vehicles, is often performed repetitively in rea-world settings, either by humans or algorithms solving mathematical problems. While humans build experience over multiple executions of such planning tasks and are able to recognize common patterns in different problem instances, classical optimization algorithms solve every instance independently. Machine learning (ML) can be seen as a computational counterpart to the human ability to recognize patterns based on experience. We consider variants of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, which are based on the assumption that problem instances follow specific common patterns. For this problem, we propose a ML-based branch and price framework which explicitly utilizes those patterns. In this context, the ML models are used in two ways: (a) to predict the value of binary decision variables in the optimal solution and (b) to predict branching scores for fractional variables based on full strong branching. The prediction of decision variables is then integrated in a node selection policy, while a predicted branching score is used within a variable selection policy. These ML-based approaches for node and variable selection are integrated in a reliability-based branching algorithm that assesses their quality and allows for replacing ML approaches by other (classical) better performing approaches at the level of specific variables in each specific instance. Computational results show that our algorithms outperform benchmark branching strategies. Further, we demonstrate that our approach is robust with respect to small changes in instance sizes.
Flow-structure identification in a radially grooved open wet clutch by means of defocusing particle tracking velocimetry
Authors: Leister Robin , Fuchs Thomas , Mattern Philipp , Kriegseis Jochen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe volumetric defocusing particle tracking velocimetry (DPTV) approach is applied to measure the flow in the sub-millimeter gap between the disks of a radially grooved open wet clutch. It is shown that DPTV is capable of determining the in-plane velocities with a spatial resolution of $$12\;\upmu \mathrm{m}$$

12

μ
m

along the optical axis, which is sufficient to capture the complex and small flow structures in the miniature clutch grooves. A Couette-like velocity profile is identified at sufficient distance from the grooves. Moreover, the evaluation of the volumetric flow information in the rotor-fixed frame of reference uncovers a vortical structure inside the groove, which resembles a cavity roller. This vortex is found to extend well into the gap, such that the gap flow is displaced towards the smooth stator wall. Hence, the wall shear stress at the stator significantly increases in the groove region by up to $$15\%$$

15
%

as compared to the ideal linear velocity profile. Midway between the grooves, the wall shear stress is around $$4\%$$

4
%

lower than the linear reference. Furthermore, significant amounts of positive radial fluxes are identified inside the groove of the rotor; their counterpart are negative fluxes in the smooth part of the gap. The interaction of the roller in the groove and the resulting manipulation of the velocity profile has a strong impact on the wall shear stress and therefore on the drag torque production. In summary, this DPTV study demonstrates the applicability of such particle imaging approaches to achieve new insights into physical mechanisms of sub-millimeter gap flow scenarios in technical applications. These results help to bring the design- and performance-optimization processes of such devices to a new level.
Graphic abstract
Collision and separation of nickel particles embedded in a polydimethylsiloxan matrix under a rotating magnetic field: A strong magneto active function
Authors: Schmidt Henrik , Straub Benedikt B. , Sindersberger Dirk , Bröckel Ulrich , Monkman Gareth J. , Auernhammer Günter K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to function as soft actuators, depending on their field of use, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) must fulfill certain criteria. To name just a few, these can include rapid response to external magnetic fields, mechanical durability, mechanical strength, and/or large deformation. Of particular interest are MREs which produce macroscopic deformation for small external magnetic field variations. This work demonstrates how this can be achieved by just a small change in magnetic field orientation. To achieve this, (super)paramagnetic nickel particles of size ≈ 160 μm were embedded in a non-magnetic polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) (661–1301 Pa) and their displacement in a stepwise rotated magnetic field (170 mT) recorded using a video microscope. Changes in particle aggregation resulting from very small variations in magnetic field orientation led to the observation of a new strongly magneto-active effect. This configuration is characterized by an interparticle distance in relation to the angle difference between magnetic field and particle axis. This causes a strong matrix deformation which in turn demonstrates hysteresis on relaxation. It is shown that the occurrence strongly depends on the particle size, particle distance, and stiffness of the matrix. Choosing the correct parameter combination, the state can be suppressed and the particle-matrix system demonstrates no displacement or hysteresis. In addition, evidences of non-negligible higher order magnetization effects are experimentally ascertained which is qualitatively in agreement with similar, already theoretically described, particle systems. Even at larger particle geometries, the new strongly magneto-active configuration is preserved and could create macroscopic deformation changes.
Developmental malformations in Huntington disease: neuropathologic evidence of focal neuronal migration defects in a subset of adult brains
Authors: Hickman R. A. , Faust P. L. , Rosenblum M. K. , Marder K. , Mehler M. F. , Vonsattel J. P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuropathologic hallmarks of Huntington Disease (HD) include the progressive neurodegeneration of the striatum and the presence of Huntingtin (HTT) aggregates that result from abnormal polyQ expansion of the HTT gene. Whether the pathogenic trinucleotide repeat expansion of the HTT gene causes neurodevelopmental abnormalities has garnered attention in both murine and human studies; however, documentation of discrete malformations in autopsy brains of HD individuals has yet to be described. We retrospectively searched the New York Brain Bank (discovery cohort) and an independent cohort (validation cohort) to determine whether developmental malformations are more frequently detected in HD versus non-HD brains and to document their neuropathologic features. One-hundred and thirty HD and 1600 non-HD whole brains were included in the discovery cohort and 720 HD and 1989 non-HD half brains were assessed in the validation cohort. Cases with developmental malformations were found at 6.4–8.2 times greater frequency in HD than in non-HD brains (discovery cohort: OR 8.68, 95% CI 3.48–21.63, P=4.8 × 10-5; validation cohort: OR 6.50, 95% CI 1.83–23.17, P=0.0050). Periventricular nodular heterotopias (PNH) were the most frequent malformations and contained HTT and p62 aggregates analogous to the cortex, whereas cortical malformations with immature neuronal populations did not harbor such inclusions. HD individuals with malformations had heterozygous HTT CAG expansions between 40 and 52 repeats, were more frequently women, and all were asymmetric and focal, aside from one midline hypothalamic hamartoma. Using two independent brain bank cohorts, this large neuropathologic series demonstrates an increased occurrence of developmental malformations in HD brains. Since pathogenic HTT gene expansion is associated with genomic instability, one possible explanation is that neuronal precursors are more susceptible to somatic mutation of genes involved in cortical migration. Our findings further support emerging evidence that pathogenic trinucleotide repeat expansions of the HTT gene may impact neurodevelopment.
Pyloric, pseudopyloric, and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasias in autoimmune gastritis: a case series of 22 Japanese patients
Authors: Wada Yasuhiro , Nakajima Shigemi , Kushima Ryoji , Takemura Shizuki , Mori Naoko , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Nakayama Takahisa , Mukaisho Ken-ichi , Yoshida Akiko , Umano Shinji , Yamamoto Kazuo , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere are two types of pyloric gland-like metaplasia in the corpus of stomach: pyloric and pseudopyloric metaplasias. They show the same morphology as the original pyloric glands in H&E staining. Pseudopyloric metaplasia is positive for pepsinogen (PG) I immunohistochemically, whereas pyloric metaplasia is negative. Recently, spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) is proposed for pyloric gland-like metaplasia mainly in animal experiments. SPEM expresses trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) and is often considered synonymous with pseudopyloric metaplasia. We reviewed consecutive 22 Japanese patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) to investigate TFF2 expression in pyloric and pseudopyloric metaplasias by counting all pyloric gland-like glands in biopsy specimens taken from greater curvature of the middle corpus according to the Updated Sydney System. Pyloric metaplasia was seen in all the 22 cases, and pseudopyloric metaplasia was found in 15 cases. Of 1567 pyloric gland-like glands in all the cases, 1381 (88.1%) glands were pyloric metaplasia glands, and the remaining 186 (11.9%) glands were pseudopyloric metaplasia glands. TFF2 expression was observed in pyloric or pseudopyloric metaplasia glands in 20 cases. TFF2 expression was recognized in 409 of 1381 (26.9%) pyloric metaplasia glands and 27 of 186 (14.5%) pseudopyloric metaplasia glands (P<0.01, chi-square test). In conclusion, SPEM was not always the same as pseudopyloric metaplasia in human AIG, and the majority of metaplasia in AIG was not pseudopyloric but pyloric metaplasia.