bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron quantum path control in high harmonic generation via chirp variation of strong laser pulses
Authors: Petrakis S. , Bakarezos M. , Tatarakis M. , Benis E. P. , Papadogiannis N. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe quantum phases of the electron paths driven by an ultrafast laser in high harmonic generation in an atomic gas depends linearly on the instantaneous cycle-averaged laser intensity. Using high laser intensities, a complete single ionisation of the atomic gas may occur before the laser pulse peak. Therefore, high harmonic generation could be localised only in a temporal window at the leading edge of laser pulse envelope. Varying the laser frequency chirp of an intense ultrafast laser pulse, the centre, and the width of the temporal window, that the high harmonic generation phenomenon occurs, could be controlled with high accuracy. This way, both the duration and the phase of the electron trajectories, that generate efficiently high harmonics, is fully controlled. A method of spectral control and selection of the high harmonic extreme ultraviolet light from distinct quantum paths is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, a phenomenological numerical model enlightens the physical processes that take place. This novel approach of the electron quantum path selection via laser chirp is a simple and versatile way of controlling the time-spectral characteristics of the coherent extreme ultraviolet light with applications in the fields of attosecond pulses and soft x-ray nano-imaging.
Development and validation of a new scoring system for prognostic prediction of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults
Authors: Shirata Masahiro , Ito Isao , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa , Tanabe Naoya , Konishi Satoshi , Oi Issei , Hamao Nobuyoshi , Nishioka Kensuke , Matsumoto Hisako , Yasutomo Yoshiro , Kadowaki Seizo , Ohnishi Hisashi , Tomioka Hiromi , Nishimura Takashi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Nakagawa Atsushi , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe discriminative power of CURB-65 for mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is suspected to decrease with age. However, a useful prognostic prediction model for older patients with CAP has not been established. This study aimed to develop and validate a new scoring system for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP. We recruited two prospective cohorts including patients aged ≥ 65 years and hospitalized with CAP. In the derivation (n = 872) and validation cohorts (n = 1,158), the average age was 82.0 and 80.6 years and the 30-day mortality rate was 7.6% (n = 66) and 7.4% (n = 86), respectively. A new scoring system was developed based on factors associated with 30-day mortality, identified by multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort. This scoring system named CHUBA comprised five variables: confusion, hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90% or PaO2 ≤ 60 mmHg), blood urea nitrogen ≥ 30 mg/dL, bedridden state, and serum albumin level ≤ 3.0 g/dL. With regard to 30-day mortality, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CURB-65 and CHUBA was 0.672 (95% confidence interval, 0.607–0.732) and 0.809 (95% confidence interval, 0.751–0.856; P < 0.001), respectively. The effectiveness of CHUBA was statistically confirmed in the external validation cohort. In conclusion, a simpler novel scoring system, CHUBA, was established for predicting mortality in older patients with CAP.
Conceptual model of adding antibiotics to dialysate fluid during renal replacement therapy
Authors: Bartuseviciene Ieva , Vicka Vaidas , Vickiene Alvita , Tetianec Lidija , Dagys Marius , Ringaitiene Donata , Klimasauskas Andrius , Sipylaite Jurate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStudies have shown significant variability in antibiotic trough concentrations in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT). The purpose of this study was to assess whether adding beta-lactam antibiotics to dialysate solution can maintain stable antibiotic concentrations during RRT in experimental conditions. A single compartment model reflecting the patient was constructed and connected to the RRT machine. Dialysate fluid was prepared in three different concentrations of meropenem (0 mg/L; 16 mg/L; 64 mg/L). For each dialysate concentration various combinations of dialysate and blood flow rates were tested by taking different samples. Meropenem concentration in all samples was calculated using spectrophotometry method. Constructed experimental model results suggest that decrease in blood meropenem concentration can be up to 35.6%. Moreover, experimental data showed that antibiotic loss during RRT can be minimized and stable plasma antibiotic concentration can be achieved with the use of a 16 mg/L Meropenem dialysate solution. Furthermore, increasing meropenem concentration up to 64 mg/L is associated with an increase antibiotic concentration up to 18.7–78.8%. Administration of antibiotics to dialysate solutions may be an effective method of ensuring a constant concentration of antibiotics in the blood of critically ill patients receiving RRT.
LRRK2 signaling in neurodegeneration: two decades of progress
Authors: Iannotta Lucia , Greggio Elisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a complex GTPase/kinase orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics and multiple steps of the endolysosomal pathway through interaction with a host of partners and phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Mutations in LRRK2 cause late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) and common variants in the locus containing LRRK2 have been associated with sporadic PD, progressive supranuclear palsy as well as a number of inflammatory diseases. This review encompasses the major discoveries in the field of LRRK2 pathobiology, from the initial gene cloning to the latest progress in LRRK2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach to fight neurodegeneration.
Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration
Authors: Lewis Patrick A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.
Thoraxchirurgische Aspekte beim Polytrauma
Authors: Toffel Melanie , Pin Martin , Ludwig Corinna 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungHäufig sind thorakale Verletzungen Begleitverletzungen im Rahmen eines Polytraumas. Die Therapie polytraumatisierter Patienten ist anspruchsvoll und nur im interdisziplinären Kontext erfolgversprechend. Aus thoraxchirurgischer Sicht steht dabei das stumpfe Thoraxtrauma im Vordergrund.
Diaphyseal Radius Fracture Associated with Irreducible Head Dislocation. Case Report
Authors: Blanco Alfredo Villar , Barbero Patricia Gómez , Aparicio María Del Sol Gómez , Correa Jose Ignacio Pérez 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIrreducible dislocation of the radial head is an extremely rare lesion, especially in an adult patient. We present a case of diaphyseal radius fracture associated with a posterior elbow dislocation and an irreducible radial head dislocation. After closed reduction of the elbow, we performed open reduction and ostheosynthesis of the radius, and the radial head remained irreducible. We finally found, surrounding the radius, the interposition of the insertion of the biceps, and, after extracting it, we performed the correct reduction of the radial head. Six months after the surgery, the patient presented a full articular balance, with no pain. We have not found any similar case in the literature.
Usefulness of the Ultrasound in Hand Surgery: Part I
Authors: Díaz Homid Fahandezh-Saddi , Fernández Fernando Dávila , Horcajadas Ángel Bueno , Martínez Manuel Villanueva , Yubero María Elena Cantero 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the last years, ultrasonography (US) of the wrist and hand have increased in popularity. Technical advances led us to improve image quality and have the ability to see superficial soft-tissue structures with high resolution with the patient in our office.The advantages of US are the fact that it is noninvasive, its lack of ionising radiation, low cost, and portability. The dynamic real-time assessment in the office is an additional benefit.Ultrasound can be used in hand surgery for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We can use US for injections with needle guidance, for the evaluation of soft-tissue masses, foreign bodies, tendon injuries, compressive neuropathies, and rheumatologic joint disease. It also helps us perform ultrasound-guided procedures: carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, and intersection syndrome or compartimental syndrome.The aim of the present review is to describe different uses of US in hand surgery to show its important role of providing to the surgeon more information on the diseases of their patients.
Debates about vaccines and climate change on social media networks: a study in contrasts
Authors: Schonfeld Justin , Qian Edward , Sinn Jason , Cheng Jeffrey , Anand Madhur , Bauch Chris T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVaccines and climate change have much in common. In both cases, a scientific consensus contrasts with a divided public opinion. They also exemplify coupled human–environment systems involving common pool resources. Here we used machine learning algorithms to analyze the sentiment of 87 million tweets on climate change and vaccines in order to characterize Twitter user sentiment and the structure of user and community networks. We found that the vaccine conversation was characterized by much less interaction between individuals with differing sentiment toward vaccines. Community-level interactions followed this pattern, showing less interaction between communities of opposite sentiment toward vaccines. Additionally, vaccine community networks were more fragmented and exhibited numerous isolated communities of neutral sentiment. Finally, pro-vaccine individuals overwhelmingly believed in anthropogenic climate change, but the converse was not true. We propose mechanisms that might explain these results, pertaining to how the spatial scale of an environment system can structure human populations.
Global monitoring of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic through online surveys sampled from the Facebook user base
Authors: Astley Christina M. , Tuli Gaurav , Mc Cord Kimberly A. , Cohn Emily L. , Rader Benjamin , Varrelman Tanner J. , Chiu Samantha L. , Deng Xiaoyi , Stewart Kathleen , Farag Tamer H. , Barkume Kristina M. , LaRocca Sarah , Morris Katherine A. , Kreuter Frauke , Brownstein John S. 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The University of Maryland Global COVID Trends and Impact Survey (UMD-CTIS), launched April 2020, is the largest remote global health monitoring system. This study includes ∼30 million responses through December 2020 from all 114 countries/territories with survey weights to adjust for nonresponse and demographics. Using self-reported cross-sectional survey data sampled daily from Facebook users, we confirm consistent demographics and COVID-19 symptoms. Our global model predicts local COVID-19 case trends. Importantly, one survey item strongly correlates with reported cases, demonstrating potential utility in locales with scant UMD-CTIS sampling or government data. Despite limitations resulting from sampling, nonresponse, coverage, and measurement error, UMD-CTIS has the potential to support existing monitoring systems for COVID-19 as well as other new as-yet-undefined global health threats.
Bilingual language development in autism
Authors: Prévost Philippe , Tuller Laurice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bilingual language development in children with autism is a new field; the entire body of literature, which is so
far sparse, has been published within the last ten years. The potential impact of this research is, however, very high, due to
increasing numbers of children growing up bilingually in many countries crossed with the rising number of children being diagnosed
with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Parents and practitioners need guidelines with solid empirical foundations which could
provide the base for answering questions about language practices. Overall, no detrimental effects of bilingualism have so far
been reported for either language development or characteristics related to autism. Based on a scoping review, this paper assesses
these findings and addresses what current knowledge allows us to conclude about bilingual language development in autism. It is
suggested that while recent studies are posing more sophisticated research questions and using more appropriate tools, remaining
issues, notably related to how variables related to autism and to bilingualism are taken into account, render clarity on this
research topic elusive at this point. It is argued that future studies should directly take up the challenge of addressing
diversity in both ASD and in bilingualism, and their intersection.
The affect bias in the metaphorical representation of anticipated events
Authors: Piata Anna , Soriano Cristina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
When talking about anticipated events, speakers can conceptualize them either as destinations towards which they are moving or as entities moving towards them, which correspond to the Ego- and the Time-moving metaphors, respectively (cf. ‘We are approaching Christmas’ and ‘Christmas is approaching’). Research in psycholinguistics has shown affective valence, i.e. whether the conceptualized event is perceived as positive or negative, to be one of the factors that modulate metaphor choice; positive anticipation is preferentially associated with Ego-moving expressions, whereas negative anticipation is predominantly associated with Time-moving metaphors. This paper sets out to test if the time-affect association surfaces in naturally-occurring language use when both metaphorical patterns are available. By focusing on the temporal usage of the verb approach, we provide linguistic evidence in favor of such an affective bias in time representations. In addition, the language data point to a semantic preference for a particular type of event (i.e., personal vs social) under each metaphorical pattern. We interpret this finding as preliminary evidence for a possible semantic bias in time representations to be further investigated.
Tunable resonantly pumped Er:GGAG laser
Authors: Němec M , Boháček P , Švejkar R , Šulc J , Kratochvíl J , Jelínková H , Trunda B , Havlák L , Nikl M , Jurek K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this work was to present spectroscopic and laser characteristics including the wavelength tunability of Er-doped Gd3Ga3Al2O12 (Er:GGAG) crystal. Seven Er:GGAG crystals of various Er/Gd concentrations were investigated. The maximum output peak power of 0.99 W with an absorbed pumping peak power amplitude of 5.22 W for the crystal at 0.55 at.% Er/Gd concentration was researched. The tuning was accomplished using a SiO2 birefringent plate. The laser wavelength was tunable in three eye-safe spectral bands from 1609 to 1650 nm.
An electron wave packet in the relativistic strophotron FEL
Authors: Oganesyan K B , Hnatic M , Kopchancky P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The theory of free electron lasers (FELs) is well developed both in quantum mechanical and classical approaches. In strophotron FEL, in classical approach, resonance frequency and the gain are strongly dependent on initial parameters of electron beam. In the quantum mechanical approach considered by Zaretsky and Nersesov (1983 JETP
57 518), there is no such dependence. The correspondence between the quantum mechanical and classical approaches in a relativistic strophotron FEL is discussed. We study the initial distribution of electrons over vibrational levels determined by the expansion coefficients in relativistic strophotron FEL. It is shown, (presenting electron wave function in the form of Gaussian wave packet), that the number of the vibrational level most efficiently populated at the initial moment of time can be expressed in terms of the initial parameters of the electron beam.
Gravitational waves from cosmic strings after a first-order phase transition *
Authors: Zhou Ruiyu , Bian Ligong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the possibility of probing high scale phase transitions that are inaccessible by LIGO. Our study shows that the stochastic gravitational-wave radiation from cosmic strings that are formed after the first-order phase transition can be detected by space-based interferometers when the phase transition temperature is

GeV.
A multi-charged particle model with local U(1)
μ-τ
to explain muon g–2, flavor physics, and possible collider signature *
Authors: Kumar Nilanjana , Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider a model with multi-charged particles, including vector-like fermions, and a charged scalar under a local

symmetry. We search for an allowed parameter region explaining muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon

) and

anomalies, satisfying constraints from the lepton flavor violations, Z boson decays, meson anti-meson mixing, and collider experiments. Via numerical analysis, we explore the typical size of the muon

and Wilson coefficients to explain the

anomalies in our model when all other experimental constraints are satisfied. Subsequently, we discuss the collider physics of the multicharged vectorlike fermions, considering a number of benchmark points in the allowed parameter space.
Feature selection method based on Menger curvature and LDA theory for a P300 brain–computer interface
Authors: Li Shurui , Jin Jing , Daly Ian , Liu Chang , Cichocki Andrzej 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective. Brain–computer interface (BCI) systems decode electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to establish a channel for direct interaction between the human brain and the external world without the need for muscle or nerve control. The P300 speller, one of the most widely used BCI applications, presents a selection of characters to the user and performs character recognition by identifying P300 event-related potentials from the EEG. Such P300-based BCI systems can reach good levels of accuracy but are difficult to use in day-to-day life due to redundancy and noisy signal. A room for improvement should be considered. We propose a novel hybrid feature selection method for the P300-based BCI system to address the problem of feature redundancy, which combines the Menger curvature and linear discriminant analysis. Approach. First, selected strategies are applied separately to a given dataset to estimate the gain for application to each feature. Then, each generated value set is ranked in descending order and judged by a predefined criterion to be suitable in classification models. The intersection of the two approaches is then evaluated to identify an optimal feature subset. Main results. The proposed method is evaluated using three public datasets, i.e. BCI Competition III dataset II, brain/neural computer interaction Horizon dataset, and Lausanne Federal Institute of Technology dataset. Experimental results indicate that compared with other typical feature selection and classification methods, our proposed method has better or comparable performance. Significance. Additionally, our proposed method can achieve the best classification accuracy after all epochs in three datasets. In summary, our proposed method provides a new way to enhance the performance of the P300-based BCI speller.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for numerical solution of multidimensional filtering problems
Authors: Bashurov V , Zhigalov V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to solving the filtering problem for a mixture of water, gas, and oil in a homogeneous porous medium. The basic equations of filtration theory are converted into a special form for the numerical approximation with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. A numerical difference scheme is constructed on the basis of SPH method. An algorithm for setting the boundary conditions is proposed and a number of isothermal 1D and 2D tests on the filtering process simulation for a mixture of water, oil, and gas.
Solving the hourglass instability problem using rare mesh variation-difference schemes
Authors: Chekmarev D T , Dawwas Ya A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The hourglass instability effect is characteristic of the Wilkins explicit difference scheme or similar schemes based on two-dimensional 4-node or three-dimensional 8-node finite elements with one integration point in the element. The hourglass effect is absent in schemes with cells in the form of simplexes (triangles in two-dimensional case, tetrahedrons in three-dimensional case). But they have another well-known drawback - slow convergence. One of the authors proposed a rare mesh scheme, in which elements in the form of a tetrahedron are located one at a time in the centers of the cells of a hexahedral grid. This scheme showed the absence “hourglass” effect and other drawbacks with high efficiency. This approach was further developed for solving 2D and 3D problems.
Numerical simulation of a stabilizing Poiseuille-type polymer fluid flow in the channel with elliptical cross-section
Authors: Blokhin A , Semisalov B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to the numerical analysis of stabilization of the incompressible viscoelastic polymer fluid flow in the channel with elliptical cross-section. To describe the flow, mesoscopic rheological relations are used, and resolving non-stationary equations are derived. For solving them a special pseudo-spectral method is developed and implemented. As time increases, under certain conditions on the parameters of flow the solution to the non-stationary problem stabilizes and converges to the one of three branches of the solution to the corresponding stationary problem. It is shown that the variation of the parameters describing polymer microstructure leads to the switch of stabilized solution between these branches. The work provides the results of simulation of the flow stabilization and the analysis of the threshold values of parameters at which the switching occurs.
Invariant submodel of rank 1 and two families of exact solutions of gas dynamics equations with an equation of state of the special form
Authors: Siraeva D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, the gas dynamics equations with an equation of state of the special form are considered.The equation of state is the pressure which is equal to the sum of two functions, with one being a function of a density, and the other one being a function of an entropy. The system of equations is invariant under the action of 12-parameter transformations group. For three-dimensional subalgebra 3.32 of the 12-dimensional Lie algebra invariants are calculated, an invariant submodel of rank 1 is constructed, and two families of exact solutions are obtained. The obtained solutions specify the motion of particles in space with a linear velocity field with inhomogeneous deformation. The first family of solutions has two moments of time of particles collapse. The second family of solutions has one moment of time of particles collapse on the plane. In the simplest case of second family of solutions, a surface consisting of particle trajectories is constructed.