bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Conceptual Model of Hydrogeological System in The Raimanuk and its Surrounding Area on the Timor Island
Authors: Bukhari A M W , Hendrayana H , Setiawan H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are several areas with groundwater potential in Timor island, one of which is the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. This study aims to determine the hydrogeological system in the Raimanuk and its surrounding area. The hydrogeological system is determined by the geological conditions, geomorphology, lithology, and groundwater flow patterns. Geological conditions and groundwater flow patterns are provided by conducting a field investigation. Twenty shallow wells and four springs were measured to provide the groundwater contour. The geoelectrical survey was conducted at eleven points to analyze subsurface lithology. The results show that the geology of the study area is dominated by alluvium (west area), carbonate siltstone, and crystalline limestone (middle to the east area). There are two types of aquifers in the study area: unconfined aquifers and confined aquifers with gravel sandstone lithology. The groundwater flow pattern shows that the groundwater movement is from the east to the southwest. Moreover, the groundwater also moved from the northern, southern, and western of the study area. It is implied that the aquifer’s shape at the Raimanuk area is formed as a bowl-like shape influenced by the geological, geomorphological conditions.
Study on behavior of ponding time based on characteristics of infiltration rate and rainfall intensity with varying return period
Authors: Harisuseno D , Hidayati I K , Khaeruddin D N 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRunoff management is based on two main concepts: controlling runoff discharge and managing concentration (Tc).Tcis closely related to understanding ponding time (tp), which is associated with estimating the length oftpon a land surface. The present study aims to investigate the behavior oftpdue to varying infiltration rates (f) and rainfall intensities (i) with different return periods (Tr). The ponding time (tp) was derived from graph analysis of infiltration rate and rainfall intensity withTr2, 5, and 10 years. Infiltration measurements were conducted at 8 points using a double-ring infiltrometer. Meanwhile, rainfall data were obtained from 2010 to 2019. The observedtp(tpobs) was derived through overlying between infiltration rate curve and rainfall intensity. In contrast, empiricaltp(tpemp) was estimated using Horton’s formula. The result confirms that the infiltration rate followed an exponential curve and varying rainfall intensities. Infiltration rates give vary intpwhere the longerTr, the faster the initial time oftp. There was fairly good consistency betweentpobsandtpempas shown by relatively high-valueR2>0.6) forTr2, 5, and 10 years. It indicates that the Horton’s formula has reliable to estimatetpin the study area.
Best management practices for erosion and sedimentation control of The Sermo Watershed
Authors: Rofikha A A , Saputra Y , Islami F A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Erosion and sedimentation problems caused by human activities disturbed the primary conditions of the watershed. This situation was also influenced by significant hydrometeorological shifts and high rainfall, which increased soil erosion. These inclement watershed conditions resulted in high sedimentation rates and caused severe problems for the quality and quantity of water in the reservoir. This study aims to solve the Sermo watershed problems by calculating the value of erosion and sedimentation, then providing a solution to deal with these problems in the form of Best Management Practices (BMP). This research used a USLE method to calculate the erosion and sedimentation rate. The calculation results showed that 40.86% of Sermo Reservoir within 809.12 hectares was classified as a high level of erosion. Further recommendations for overcoming this condition were made by referring to BMP for erosion and sediment control, including structures and soil water conservation. Further recommendations to address this condition were made regarding BMP for controlling water, maintaining soil stability, controlling sedimentation, and managing and maintaining optimal watersheds.
Flash Flood Disaster Reconstruction for Estimating the Available Warning Time, the Case in Sempor River on 21st of February 2020, Mt. Merapi Slope, Yogyakarta Special Region
Authors: Sathya K , Rahardjo A P , Jayadi R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flash floods are hazardous events characterized by short response times. The occurrences of flash flood disasters have increased significantly in the last few years, producing a remarkable casualty number globally. On February 21st, 2020, a flash flood occurred in the Sempor River of the Mount Merapi slope, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, causing a significant death of high school students. This study aims to reconstruct the river’s hydrologic and hydraulic conditions and identify the available warning time based on the flash flood event. This study extracted the catchment configuration from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using the GIS technique. A simulation of flood hydrograph at a control point used the HEC-HMS model, the SCS Curve Number Loss method, and the SCS Unit Hydrograph. The simulated flood hydrograph was inputted into the one-dimensional unsteady flow model of HEC-RAS to simulate water depth and flow velocity. The calibration process adjusts both models’ parameters by comparing the simulated peak discharge with the surveyed data. The modelling results provide warning time components. The results of this study can support the decision-making in flash flood risk mitigation for the local communities.
Study of Liquefaction Potential at Sabo dam Construction on Poi and Bangga River, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Fauzan  , Rifa’i A , Ismanti S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Palukoro fault, an active sinistral fault that cuts through Sulawesi Island, was the cause of the earthquake and liquefaction disaster in Palu and Sigi Regency in 2018. A series of studies related to liquefaction have been carried out since then but more focused on the west side of the Palu River. This research will raise the potential for liquefaction on the eastern side of the Palu river, precisely in the sabo dam area at Poi and Bangga River. These rivers are located on the opposite side of the Sibalaya liquefaction area. Liquefaction potential was calculated using the Simplified Procedure Method based on NSPT values. Fifteen and twelve boreholes are located at Bangga and Poi rivers, respectively. The qualitative analysis assessed the criteria of vulnerability based on geological factors, groundwater levels, and seismicity. The Liquefaction Potential Index method was used and calculated using several earthquake scenarios based on historical data and potential earthquakes of The Palu-koro fault. Based on LPI analysis, the Poi River has meager potential at the middle stream area and moderate level potential at the downstream. Bangga River has moderate to high liquefaction potential downstream and low to very low potential at the middle stream.
Potential Study of Liquefaction in the Downstream Area of Jono Oge-Paneki River, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Widyatmoko A , Legono D , Hardiyatmo H C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Liquefaction during an earthquake is likely to occur in the quaternary geological layer of sediment. Based on the geological process, the mainland of Central Sulawesi was initially a sea lifted upward to become land Palu-Koro fault. Therefore, the land is basically of basic alluvium soil formation, sand deposits, and loose rock. The earthquake in Central Sulawesi in September 2018 was the cause of liquefaction, one of which was in the Jono Oge area, where most of the flow entered the Paneki river. This paper analyzed the potential for recurrent liquefaction by considering the soil structure and water level conditions. The authors focused on the downstream areas of the Paneki River, which passes through Langaleso and Kabobona Village. The data used is N-SPT data, followed by examining post-liquefaction settlement and lateral displacement. This study uses several variations of the earthquake magnitude and potential earthquakes that may occur. The results of observations indicate that the soil conditions of the study area are cohesionless soil. The liquefaction analysis shows that most of the research areas have liquefaction, land subsidence, and lateral displacement potential.
Flash Flood Characteristics of Ciberang River, Its Impact and Mitigation
Authors: Say V , Legono D , Rahardjo A P , Yuniawan R A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flash flood is a deadly natural disaster that develops at space and time scales caused by high rainfall intensities and frequently occurs. It occurs in mountainous regions with steep slope relief and often causes a loss of economy, society, and environment and threatens human lives. The Ciberang river is located at Lebak district, Banten Province, and has been experiencing a significant flash flood from December 31, 2019 to January 01, 2020, which contributed to various damages, including households nearby the river. In this study, the impact areas were identified with the HEC-RAS model and satellite image data. The impact area was damage on eight sub-districts, including agriculture (77.86 Ha), buildings (0.80 Ha), roads (2.5 km), and nine bridges. In addition, this study tried to build Sabo Dam upstream of Banjar Irigasi sub-districts to respond to the flash flood occurrence. The results have reduced the discharge to around 40 m3/s, and the travel time was delayed about 53 min. The results of this study help the community and decision-makers be ready for further flash flood disasters.
The Development of Closure Dike as Countermeasure of Sedimentation in the Wonogiri Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Winari T , Mardjono A , Juwono P T , Sisinggih D , Legono D , Setiyantono  , Windianita K , Hidayat F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of reservoir sedimentation occurs worldwide, including in the Wonogiri reservoir, Indonesia. The reservoir was built from 1977 to 1980, but the dam faces a severe problem of sedimentation. Sediment inflow in the Wonogiri Reservoir comes from several sources, especially from Keduang River, a tributary from Mount Lawu. The sediment management problems are generally complicated and different in every place. In some conditions, it will be possible to prevent sediment from entering the reservoir by adding an internal barrier as applied in the Wonogiri Reservoir. The reservoir is divided into two reservoirs by a closure dike equipped with an overflow dike and a new spillway. This paper will describe the development of closure dike based on field observation and data obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Moreover, this paper will also describe the sedimentation status of the Wonogiri reservoir based on the recent bathymetric data. The development of closure dike already completed, which consists of Closure Dike A (700 m), B (700 m), C (302 m), and Overflow Dike (298 m). The recent bathymetric survey revealed that the capacity of effective storage of the main reservoir is 322.84 MCM.
Review on Co-factors Triggering Flash Flood Occurrences in Indonesian Small Catchments
Authors: Zain A , Legono D , Rahardjo A P , Jayadi R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flash flood is defined as “a flood of short duration with a relatively high peak discharge,” which leaves little time to take action to reduce property damage and the risk to life. Flash floods occur not only because of heavy rainfall but some co-factors that can trigger it. This study aims to determine the co-factors that trigger the flash flood. Observations are carried out using a descriptive-qualitative approach of five small catchments in Indonesia, namely Bahorok Catchment (Langkat, North Sumatra), Kalijompo, and Kalipakis Catchment (Jember, East Java), Nasiri Catchment (Western Seram, Maluku), Wasior Catchment (Wondama Bay, West Papua). The dominant co-factors are related to rainfall IDF, morphological characteristics (slope, channel properties, flow pattern), geological conditions (rock, soil, structure, geohydrology), catchment conditions (vegetation, land use). Flash floods generally occur due to landslides in the upstream part of the river. Debris consisting of water, rock, and tree trunks can stem the river’s flow and form natural dams. In five flash flood cases under investigation, the causes of a flash flood triggered by heavy rainfall and the morphological characteristics are 60% and 40%, respectively. The quantitative measure of each co-factor that triggers flash floods is essential for further research to identify flash flood symptoms.
Dam Break Analysis of Gembong Dam Using Zhong Xing HY21
Authors: Milleanisa K E , Juwono P T , Asmaranto R , Ayu M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dams are a form of effort to conserve or protect water resources. The function of the Dam as a reservoir for water, irrigation, power generation, and flood control. However, in addition to its huge benefits, dam construction also can endanger the community’s safety, namely in the form of dam breaks. The main causes of dam break are overtopping and piping. So that analysis is needed related to dam break to minimize the impact. Based on the Zhong Xing HY21 software, the most severe impact of the break of the Gembong Dam was due to overtopping using the QInflow PMF design flood of 724.142 m3/s. It resulted in an inundation area of 54.682 km2 with a maximum inundation height of 5.129 m. As a result of the break of the Gembong Dam, 37 villages downstream of the Gembong Dam were flooded. There are 80.819 people affected by this risk. It is stated that all affected villages are at the 4th hazard classification level or very high hazard.
Tsunami risk levels mapping in Puger Sub-District, Jember Regency
Authors: Anindia E P , Hidayah E , Wiyono R U A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Puger sub-district is categorized as a tsunami-prone area because of its location in the South Coast, directly facing the Indian Ocean, which is the meeting point for two active tectonic plates. The active plate zone is prone to causing earthquakes that raise tsunamis. This article will describe the tsunami hazard and vulnerability level in Puger sub-district using the Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method in this study uses a weighted overlay method. The weighting method is carried out to determine the level of tsunami hazard and vulnerability by following the weighting criteria in previous studies. Physical vulnerability criteria include land elevation, slope, beach type, land use, coastline distance, and rivers. The tsunami hazard level is determined based on the tsunami run-up map from previous studies. Based on the results of the risk mapping, it was found that there were five risk categories in Puger sub-district, namely the very low level (13.90 Ha), low level (271.99 Ha), medium level (7133.25 Ha), high level (644.22 Ha), and very high level (23.29 Ha).
Frequency ratio application for mapping flood susceptibility in Welang Watershed, East Java
Authors: Aprilia R , Hidayah E , Junita K D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Flood is one of the disaster threats downstream of Welang river, Pasuruan. A flood susceptibility map is needed to anticipate floods disasters. This research aimed to map flood Susceptibility in the Welang watershed using a Geographical Information System. In determining flood hazard, the Frequency Ratio (FR) approach was used. Flood locations were identified from the interpretation of field survey data as training data and model validation. The data were represented in a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) map, geological data, land use, river data, and Landsat Satellite Imagery and processed into a spatial database on the GIS platform. The factors that caused flooding consisted of Flood inventory, slope, Elevation, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Flow Accumulation, Distance to the river, River Density, Rainfall, Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Landuse. The map results with acceptable accuracy showed that the FR model gained an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 90%, and the incidence for the Area Under Curve ( AUC ) was 93%. It is known that 1% of the flood-prone area is very high. The local Government can use the research to minimize the risk of flooding in the Welang watershed.
Geotechnical Properties of Bauxite: A Case Study in Bukit Goh, Kuantan, Malaysia
Authors: Hasan M , Zaini M S I , Zulkafli A S , Wahab A , Hokabi A A , Masri K A , Jaya R P , Hyodo M , Winter M J , Sholichin M , Haribowo R , Zulkafli M S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research focuses on the basic and morphological characteristics to ensure bauxite ore reached the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code (IMSBC Code) standard before being exported to other countries. The testing procedure, referred to as Geo-spec 3: Model Specification for Soil Testing, was performed to discover the basic parameters of the soil, including pore size distribution, water content, particle density, and morphology qualities. At Bukit Goh, Kuantan, about four (4) samples were chosen, whereas two (2) samples were from the stockpile and two (2) samples were from the Bukit Goh mine. The results illustrated that the mean water content of the soil is 20.64% which is above 10% of the recommended value. The value of Bulk Density is not in the range of 1190 kg/m3 to 1389 kg/m3, which is 2836.25 kg/m3 and the particle size distribution for fine material is greater than 30%, and coarse material is less than 70%. The SEM examination revealed a high concentration of tiny particles in bauxite samples. Bukit Goh bauxite cannot be classified as group C under the IMSBC Code. As a result, the bauxite does not meet the criteria and cannot be shipped.
Study on sliding stability of porous-concrete retaining wall model test subjected to rainfall infiltration
Authors: Suryo E A , Arifi E , Zaika Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The common disadvantage of a conventional retaining wall is a heavy object as a block that is difficult to lift and handle conveniently. A drainage pipe is commonly used to displace water from the backfill. In areas with high annual rainfall, the soil could be saturated in a short time and added lateral load significantly. In this study, porous concrete was utilized as a retaining wall material with the advantages of the lighter weight of the block and additional drainage capability due to its high void ratio. A set of a laboratory-scale retaining walls using conventional and porous concrete walls was investigated through three different rainfall modes. To initiate the instability condition, a vertical load was applied then the lateral moving was recorded using LVDT sensors. Soil moisture content sensors recorded hydrologic responses of the saturation process. The loading test results showed that the porous concrete wall model was being displaced less than experienced by the conventional concrete wall. It shows that the porous concrete wall model can withstand the load as the additional lateral load from infiltrated rainwater dissipates rapidly. Therefore, the porous concrete wall has the advantage of being used as a Retaining Wall Material.
The Use of Steel Slag as Substitution of Coarse Aggregate on Indirect Tensile Strength and Marshall Properties of AC-WC
Authors: Nugraha A A , Fauziah M , Subarkah  
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High traffic levels on road can causing road damage, especially cases of permanent deformation and fatigue cracking. One solution is to utilize waste of material, such as steel slag as coarse aggregate and polymer modified asphalt as binding material. This paper explores experimental laboratory investigation on the use of steel slag on Marshall characteristics and indirect tensile strength of AC-WC mixture by using Starbit E-60 and Pen 60/70. Laboratory works begin with physical testing of material, then, finding the optimum bitumen content (OBC) for each type of the mixtures. Finally, Marshall Standard and indirect tensile strength (ITS) at OBC were conducted. Results shows that the use of steel slag for AC-WC mixture are proven to improve resistance to permanent deformation as well as fatigue cracking. Substitution of steel slag for coarse aggregates were able to increase Marshall stability, Marshall Quotient and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of the mixtures, however, it slightly decreases the volumetric performance of mixture, such as voids in total mixes become higher and voids filled with asphalt as well as voids in mineral aggregates tend to decrease.
An Overview of Behaviour of Concrete with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Cement Replacement
Authors: Cahyani R A T , Rusdianto Y 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is one of green construction materials that held benefits in producing sustainable and high-quality concrete. GGBFS is commonly used as supplementary cementitious materials in blended cement to reduce the need for Portland cement in mortar or concrete production. An overview of the utilization of GGBFS as partial cement replacement with regards to mortar and concrete properties is presented in this paper. The fresh properties of GGBFS mixes addressed include workability and setting time. While compressive strength, porosity, shrinkage, and resistance to sulfate attack are the reviewed hardened properties. Overall, various studies showed that incorporating GGBFS in mortar/concrete mixes significantly improves mortar/concrete properties depending on the GGBFS replacement ratios. It is anticipated that this review will provide valuable information for a better understanding of the fresh and hardened properties of GGBFS-blended mortar and concrete. Moreover, as there is a growing interest in optimal utilization of GGBFS in Indonesia’s cement and construction industry, this review paper intended to raising awareness of GGBBFS utility regarding its benefit for sustainable construction.
Response analysis of a multi-story building structure with a variety of horizontal irregularities and shear wall geometries
Authors: Prathama A H , Teguh M , Saleh F 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The growing growth of human activities has led to changes in housing patterns in urban areas. The land crisis in urban areas has made land prices uneconomical, so buildings are designed vertically. One solution to resist earthquakes in multi-story buildings is to add a shear wall structure with the proper profile and layout. Shear wall designs with variations influence the base shear, drift ratio, lateral deflection, and story drift patterns. This study presents the structural response comparison of buildings against variations in the profile and layout of shear walls subjected to earthquake loads. Force Based Design method utilizing the response spectrum approach was adopted in the analysis and carried out using SAP200. Six structural models comprise a frame without shear walls, three L-profile shear walls, two I-profile (straight) shear walls. The simulation results of the overall structural models show that the profile and layout configuration of shear walls in the frame structure of a multi-story building correlates directly to the performance of base shear, drift ratio, and story drift with relatively comparative conditions.