bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe acute respiratory infections in a resource-limited pediatric hematology oncology setting
Authors: Ebeid Fatma S.E. , Makkeyah Sara , Tolba Marwa W. , Saber Nouran , Agwa Sara H.A. 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To examine the spectrum of pathogens and outcome of severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) among admitted children with hematology/oncology disorders who presented with SARIs in low-middle income countries.

Patients and methods
The prospective observation study recruited 52 children, clinically assessed, and their nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were examined and analyzed by real-time multiplex PCR.

Results
The children were 27 females and 25 males, mean age of 5.2 ± 2.9 years, 36 (69.2%) had pediatric malignancies, mostly (67%) hematologic malignancies, eight (15.4%) had chronic hemolytic anemia. Forty-eight (92.3%) presented with fever, 42 (80.7%) had a cough at the time of presentation. The median time from onset of symptoms till admission was 3.0 (1–6) days, and the median length of hospital stay was 9.0 days (4–16.5). Respiratory pathogens were detected in 39 (75%) samples, mostly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (30.8%), Pdm H1N1 (33.3%), rhinoviruses (25.6%). Bacterial and viral pathogens codetected in 19 (48.7%) of cases. Five (9.6%) required pediatric ICU admission, four (7.7%) patients died during the study period; one died of respiratory failure, one of septic shock, and two died of their primary disease in the pediatric ICU.

Conclusion
The present study added more insights about the viral and bacterial agents involved in SARI cases in Egypt in vulnerable pediatric groups.
Complement regulatory proteins in hepatitis-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Aziz Shereen P. , Sayed Sherif A. , Mohamed Nermeen G. , Ali Amal H. , Elsharkawy Ramy , Hefny Hesham M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Thrombocytopenia is a significant concern in individuals with chronic hepatitis infections, especially those who have advanced liver injury. Complement regulatory proteins, namely, CD55 and CD59, may directly disrupt the proper functioning of the complement system. Both proteins are found on platelets and, as a result, might be subjected to autoantibody targeting. This work aimed to assess the expression of complement regulatory proteins (CD59 and CD55) on the platelet surface in patients with hepatitis-associated thrombocytopenia.

Methods
This case-control study was performed on 90 patients aged 4 to 80. The patients were divided into three equal groups. Group I: included 30 chronic hepatitis patients with hepatitis B virus and thrombocytopenia. Group II: included 30 chronic hepatitis C virus patients with thrombocytopenia. Group III: 30 immune thrombocytopenia patients were used as controls.

Results
Compared with those in group III CD55, CD59, CD61, and CD42 did not substantially differ among group I and group II patients, however, they significantly decreased when group I was compared with group III control subjects, and they significantly differed when group II was compared group III control subjects. A statistically significant positive correlation existed between absolute counts of CD55+ platelets and CD59+ platelets as well as between the absolute counts of CD61+ platelets and CD42+ platelets.

Conclusion
CD55 and CD59 could be predictors of late-stage hepatitis accompanied by thrombocytopenia, and this information is important for determining the diagnosis and treatment choice.
Impact of serum albumin and prealbumin as well as anthropometric measurements on long-term survival outcomes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: El Afifi Amal M. , Ali Saad Ahmed E.M. , El-Ghammaz Amro M.S. , Ahmed Alia M.S. , Abdallah Nour E.H.H. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for treatment of patients with high-risk features of acute leukemia or those who are relapsed after standard treatment. By now, there are few studies on nutritional assessment of hematological patients before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and additionally, most rely on one single assessment method.

Objective
Evaluating nutritional indicators as well as anthropometric measurements in long-term survivors posttransplant, identifying their relationship on transplant outcomes.

Patients and methods
The present work included 30 patients with two or more years after allogeneic stem cell transplantation who were following up at Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Ain-Shams University Hospitals, from January 2019 till January 2023. We assessed nutritional laboratory parameters, including albumin, prealbumin as well as anthropometric measurements, including BMI, waist, circumference, waist–hip ratio, and body fat percentage, using bioelectric impendence in long-term survivors as well as assessment of the quality of life (QoL) using the FACT-BMT questionnaire.

Results
We found a statistically significant association between nutritional laboratory parameters as well as anthropometric measurements with late transplant outcomes, including the incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease, disease relapse, and transplant-related mortality as well as posttransplant QoL.

Conclusion
Nutritional laboratory biomarkers and anthropometric measurements in long-term survivors postallogeneic stem cell transplantation were low-cost, noninvasive biomarkers for early and late transplant complications, patients’ survival, and QoL.
Serum cereblon level in Egyptian patients with multiple myeloma post autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mostafa Nevine N. , El-Ghammaz Amro M. S. , Mohammed Abulmaged Dina F. A.-G. , Abdalla Nour E.-H. H. 
Published: December 2024

Background
In Multiple myeloma (MM) there is increase in number of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow, and these cells secrete a monoclonal paraprotein and later on these proteins causes end organ damage. MM is a common hematological malignancy, and it is also one of the diseases that is difficult to follow-up accurately, especially when trying to know the possibilities of relapse after treatment proactively, and for this reason, the need for ways to follow-up patients with MM after treatment emerged proactively. Accurate evaluation of the depth of response to treatment, especially posttreatment with an autologous bone marrow transplant.

Aim
To measure cereblon (CRBN) in MM patients postautologous stem cell transplantation to determine its prognostic impact, to do correlation with other prognostic factors and to detect its influence on maintenance treatment response.
This study had 20 myeloma patients after autologous stem cell transplantation. All patients received the same treatment; induction by VCD for 6 cycles (28 days-cycle) until CR/very good partial remission. Serum CRBN was measured in all patients post-ASCT to assess the response and to check for any sign of relapse. Diagnosis and response evaluation were applied according to International guidelines.

Results
This study was carried on 20 MM patients, the age ranged from 42 to 69, and most of them were males. CRBN ranged from 2.4 to 3.9 with mean of 3.1. All patients were CMV, HIV, HBV negative and 15% of them had HCV positive. In our study when comparing the complete blood count (CBC) results between 3 and 6 months after treatment, there is statistically significant increase in Hb, and Platelet; while the other complete blood count results showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusion
There is studies found a linkage between high levels of CRBN and attainment of a favorable treatment response however no important association between the presence of high levels of this marker and overall survival OS, in our study we could not prove or deny that CRBN can be used as a reliable prognostic marker and this may be because this study requires a larger number of patients.
The Effectiveness of Vitamin C for Postoperative Pain Relief in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Trial
Authors: Bala Renu , Saini Ram Murti , Kiran Shashi , Bansal Priyanka , Kshetrapal Kirti , Kataria Pulkita 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with postoperative pain in the upper and lower abdomen, back, and shoulder region which persist for 2–3 days. Vitamin C is a powerful reductant with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neuromodulation effects. It is successfully used in complex regional pain syndrome and few surgeries. In the present study, its effect on postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been assessed.

Materials and Methods:
The present, prospective, randomized double-blind study was conducted following approval from the institutional ethics committee. Sixty adult patients either sex, the American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II were randomized to group C who received 1 g Vitamin C intraoperatively, whereas Group N received normal saline (control group). Standardized anesthesia protocol was followed in all patients. Postoperative pain was assessed as per the numeric rating scale. For rescue analgesia acetaminophen, ketorolac and diclofenac were given. Follow-up period was 24 h after surgery.

Results:
The demographic profile was comparable into two groups. Postoperative pain scores were lower in Group C as compared to Group N. There was reduced demand for rescue analgesic in Group C. None of the patients reported any adverse event.

Conclusion:
A single dose of 1 g Vitamin C intraoperatively helped in obtunding pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy with no side effects. Hence, it may be incorporated as a component of multimodal analgesic regimen.
A Quasi-experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy on Depression among Hospitalized Elderly Undergoing Abdominal Surgery Admitted in Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh
Authors: Tandon Ritika , Gupta Rajesh , Sharma Sunita , Thakur Mukta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Improved health-care quality has led to a global increase in the elderly population. With the increase in life expectancy, the number of elderly patients with surgically correctable diseases has also increased. Abdominal operations are common among the elderly due to the increased incidence of gastrointestinal tract disorders. It is not uncommon for older adults who are undergoing abdominal surgery to experience depression during their hospital stay. Reminiscence therapy is one of the most widely used interventions to alleviate depressive feelings among older adults. Being aware of this risk and providing therapeutic intervention such as reminiscence therapy is crucial to ensure patients make a full and successful recovery.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the level of depression among the elderly undergoing abdominal surgery and to assess the effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on depression among hospitalized elderly undergoing abdominal surgery admitted in Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Materials and Methods:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the surgical unit of Nehru Hospital at PGIMER, Chandigarh. The institute ethics committee granted ethical approval for the project with the reference number INC/IEC/2021/SPL.1146. The approval was issued on July 28, 2021. Written consent was obtained from all 60 participants who were selected using a purposeful sampling approach. Randomization was done through an alternate allocation method, assigning each group of 30 participants to both the experimental and control groups. Data were collected from patients through interviews conducted between July 2021 and September 2021. The interviews covered their sociodemographic background, clinical profile, and geriatric depression scale scores. Reminiscence therapy was only provided to the experimental group, which underwent four sessions lasting 45–60 min. The control group had no intervention.

Results:
After undergoing reminiscence therapy, subjects in the experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in depression levels. About 83.4% of the subjects had no depression, while 16.6% had mild depression. No change was observed in the control group. There was a significant decrease in depression scores in postassessment in the experiment group, P value (<0.001) as compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Reminiscence therapy appeared to be successful in reducing depression in hospitalized elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The use of nonpharmacological methods, such as reminiscence therapy, can be a cost-effective way to manage depression.
Severe Anaphylaxis Following Intradermal Test Dose of Ceftriaxone
Authors: Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Chandramohan T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used commonly for treating infections; however, hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, occur in approximately 1%–3% of patients. Anaphylaxis can vary from minor skin rashes to life-threatening events affecting multiple organ systems, making it challenging for anesthesiologists. We present a case of severe anaphylaxis resulting in anaphylactic shock after an intradermal test dose of ceftriaxone in a 55-year-old female undergoing umbilical hernia mesh repair. The patient was a well-controlled hypertensive who came with stable vital signs before surgery. However, soon after administering the test dose, she began to exhibit asystole and unresponsiveness; hence, cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately commenced, along with intravenous administration of adrenaline. Although consciousness returned, she failed to show palpable pulses while maintaining adequate respiratory effort. She was put on 100% oxygen with noninvasive ventilation and managed on noradrenaline and adrenaline infusions due to significant hypotension. After 6 days in critical care, the patient’s condition improved, allowing for weaning from the ventilator and eventual discharge. This incident, despite a negative history of allergy testing, points to the unpredictable nature of drug hypersensitivity and the importance for anesthesiologists and surgical teams to be keen on monitoring patients. As there was normal recovery with adequate left ventricular function, we did not think in terms of any other cause. Clear documentation of such reactions is essential for future medical care, underlining the importance of complete allergy reviews to avoid similar life-threatening events. This case is also an important reminder about the vigilance that should be maintained during the perioperative period.
Compliance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in hospital cardiac arrest in a teaching institution
Authors: Kumar R. Arun , Chandresh S. , Ali Ahamed Ashar 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the essential part of emergency care, is defined as chest compressions and ventilation for survival of cardiac arrest patients, which indicates the influence of outcome and exerts a significant survival benefit after cardiac arrest.

Aims:
The primary objective of this audit is to determine compliance with the American Heart Association 2020 guidelines by measuring multiple parameters of in hospital CPR quality.

Settings and Design:
In hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients from all wards of a tertiary care medical college institution was selected for this observational analytic study between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021.

Materials and Methods:
Our study was conducted without randomization, blinding, or control groups, in all code blue victims aged between 20 and 80 years, who suffered cardiac arrest. The results of the compliance of CPR during IHCA in a teaching institution are discussed based on the CPR audit findings under the quality indicators such as protocol deviations, documentation issues, and resource issues.

Statistical Analysis:
Evaluation, analysis, compilation, and statistical reporting were done on documentation based on these quality indicators.

Results and Conclusions:
Over a three-year period, 672 cardiac arrest victims analyzed. Of these, 30.91% demonstrated protocol deviation compliance, 15.97% had documentation issues, 12.27% had resource issues, and 40.85% had excellent documentation with no errors or corrections in the critical event monitoring. Out of 672 victims, only 15.62% of cardiac arrest patients achieved spontaneous circulation. The patients who had shockable initial rhythm on the monitor had better outcomes than those who did not have shockable rhythm. Our study revealed that the issues with resuscitation performance in an algorithmic approach were more significant than those with documentation and resource issues. The quality of CPR performance can be improved by demonstrating live and practicing on a mannequin with appropriate teamwork and knowledge sharing.
The Mediating Effect of Social Cognition on Neurocognition and Community Functioning in Outpatients with Schizophrenia in Taiwan
Authors: Ku Yung-Li , Lin Ming-Teng , Li Cheng , Hwang Shyh-Jou 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Patients with schizophrenia often suffer from a wide range of functional impairments. The underlying cognitive factors that cause functional impairments have been a focus of clinical research. We hypothesized that social cognition in outpatients with schizophrenia would mediate the relationship between neurocognition and community functioning. In this study, we intended to use structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized mediation relationship.

Methods:
We recruited 52 patients with schizophrenia from a community psychiatric rehabilitation institute in Taiwan. Neurocognitive latent construct was established on the basis of the measures of processing speed, vigilance, working memory, reasoning, and problem-solving. Social cognitive latent construct was established on the measures of emotional perception, social perception, and theory of mind. Community functioning latent variable was established on the subscales of interpersonal communication, recreation, and occupation/employment of the Chinese version of the Social Functioning Scale.

Results:
According to the results of SEM, a mediation model was obtained by the analysis of sample data. The model showed that the relationship between neurocognition and community functioning was fully mediated by social cognition. The model explained 55% of variance in community functioning.

Conclusion:
This study identified important cognitive components of neurocognition and social cognition associated with community functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia. Implications for the therapeutic targets and intervening steps of the cognitive rehabilitation to improve community functioning in schizophrenia are discussed and suggested.
A Comparative Study of Two Anesthetic Agents Thiopentone Sodium and Propofol in Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Manasa Sanagapalli S. V. L. , Reddy E. Ananda , Harshitha V. , Prasanna Velama Pooja , Lekha Chennuru Kavya , Krishna Javangula Swetha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) remains one of the effective treatment modalities for various psychiatric illnesses. There are various anesthetic agents used in MECT. Thiopentone sodium and propofol are the most commonly used induction agents but differences exist among these two agents. In this study, we intended to compare thiopentone sodium and propofol in seizure duration, recovery time, hemodynamic, and cognitive profiles in patients receiving MECT.

Methods:
This was a comparative study done in Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. We recruited 80 study patients who were diagnosed with severe depression with suicidal ideations and schizophrenia with positive symptoms and were planned for receiving MECT. The study patients received assessments using Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HAM-D), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) at the time of admission, after the first, and the last post-MECT sessions.

Results:
The difference of the mean seizure duration between in thiopentone sodium and propofol (28.3 vs. 20.9 s) was statistically significant (p < 0.01). There were significant changes in baseline parameters after the procedure. The difference in the mean value of the recovery period between the thiopentone sodium and propofol group, i.e., (467.0 ± 72.2 vs. 311.5 ± 58.6 s) was also significant (p < 01). The mean BCRS scores after 1st and last sessions in the thiopentone sodium group were 9.2 and 11.6, respectively, whereas those in the propofol group were 8.0 and 10.0, respectively. The mean BCRS scores between the first and the last post-MECT were significantly different in the thiopentone sodium group (p < 0.01) and the propoful group (p < 0.01). The mean BCRS scores were significantly different at the first post-MECT (p < 0.05) and the last post-MECT (p < 0.05) between two anesthetic groups.

Conclusion:
The study showed that propofol was a better anesthetic agent than thiopentone sodium as propofol had faster recovery time with stable hemodynamic parameters, and less cognitive deficits, but had shorter seizure duration.
Electroacupuncture alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathy through modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressing oxidative stress
Authors: Yuan Chong-Xi , Wang Xuan , Liu Yun , Xu Tian-Cheng , Yu Zhi , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes is closely related to the vicious cycle of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from metabolic abnormalities. The effects mediated by the silent information regulator type 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) axis present new opportunities for the treatment of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (T2DPN), potentially breaking this harmful cycle.
AIM
To validate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) in the treatment of T2DPN and investigate its potential mechanism based on the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis.
METHODS
The effects of EA were evaluated through assessments of metabolic changes, morphological observations, and functional examinations of the sciatic nerve, along with measurements of inflammation and oxidative stress. Proteins related to the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidative stress, were detected in the sciatic nerve using Western blotting to explain the underlying mechanism. A counterevidence group was created by injecting a SIRT1 inhibitor during EA intervention to support the hypothesis.
RESULTS
In addition to diabetes-related metabolic changes, T2DPN rats showed significant reductions in pain threshold after 9 weeks, suggesting abnormal peripheral nerve function. EA treatment partially restored metabolic control and reduced nerve damage in T2DPN rats. The SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, which was downregulated in the model group, was upregulated by EA intervention. The endogenous antioxidant system related to the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, previously inhibited in diabetic rats, was reactivated. A similar trend was observed in inflammatory markers. When SIRT1 was inhibited in diabetic rats, these beneficial effects were abolished.
CONCLUSION
EA can alleviate the symptoms of T2DNP in experimental rats, and its effects may be related to the mitochondrial biogenesis and endogenous antioxidant system mediated by the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis.