bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersectoral partnerships in the recycling sector
Authors: Alves Pacheco de Campos Simone , Gallon Shalimar , Goi Becker Rúbia 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This study aims to identify the nature of the characteristics and the social results of partnerships established between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the company.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is a qualitative collective case study. Data were collected through 12 interviews and analyzed through the content analysis technique.

Findings
The findings indicate that in the first case, the partnership is driven by the company’s interest in qualifying its supplier, facing a relational identity orientation, establishing philanthropic relationships. In the second case, the search for social legitimacy is evident, in the face of a collectivist identity orientation, in which Petro establishes a relationship of a transactional nature. Thus, the differential in intersectoral collaboration lies in the interaction among company, NGO and cooperatives. The results also show that the dialogue proximity between companies and civil society have a strong relationship with social results for the local communities.

Social implications
This study reveals the need to broaden the understanding of the social results of social partnerships to local communities.

Originality/value
The nature of the relationship among state, companies, NGOs and local communities in developing countries are different from developed countries. In the first case, companies are called to assume state’s role in improving quality of life and income generation.
Apocynin prevents reduced myocardial nerve growth factor, contributing to amelioration of myocardial apoptosis and failure
Authors: Jie Xi , Yang Hong , Wang Ke , Zhu Zong‐Feng , Wang Jia‐Pu , Yang Li‐Guo , Yang Zi‐Jian , Zhang Xiao‐Juan , Wang Ai‐Ling , Li Lu , Chi Rui‐Fang , Qin Fu‐Zhong , Li Bao , Fan Bianai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReduced nerve growth factor (NGF) is associated with cardiac sympathetic nerve denervation in heart failure (HF) which is characterized by increased oxidative stress. Apocynin is considered an antioxidant agent which inhibits NADPH oxidase activity and improves reactive oxygen species scavenging. However, it is unclear whether apocynin prevents reduced myocardial NGF, leading to improvement of cardiac function in HF. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that apocynin prevents reduced myocardial NGF, contributing to amelioration of myocardial apoptosis and failure. Rabbits with myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation were randomly assigned to receive apocynin or placebo for 4 weeks. MI rabbits exhibited left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and elevation in oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decreased reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione ratio and an increased 4‐hydroxynonenal expression, and reduction in NGF and NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrKA) expression in the remote non‐infarcted myocardium. Apocynin treatment ameliorated LV dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, prevented decreases in NGF and TrKA expression and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. In cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes, hypoxia or hydrogen peroxide decreased NGF expression, and apocynin normalized hypoxia‐induced reduction of NGF. Recombinant NGF attenuated hypoxia‐induced apoptosis. Apocynin prevented hypoxia‐induced apoptosis, and the suppressive effect of apocynin on apoptosis was abolished by NGF receptor TrKA inhibitor K252a. We concluded that apocynin prevented reduced myocardial NGF, leading to attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and LV remodelling and dysfunction in HF after MI. These findings suggest that strategies to prevent NGF reduction by inhibition of oxidative stress may be of value in amelioration of LV dysfunction in HF.
International Collaboration to Ensure Equitable Access to Vaccines for COVID‐19: The ACT‐Accelerator and the COVAX Facility
Authors: ECCLESTON‐TURNER MARK , UPTON HARRY 
Published: March 2021

Policy Points
Equitable access to a COVID‐19 vaccine in all countries remains a key policy objective, but experience of previous pandemics suggests access will be limited in developing countries, despite the rapid development of three successful vaccine candidates.
The COVAX Facility seeks to address this important issue, but the prevalence of vaccine nationalism threatens to limit the ability of the facility to meet both its funding targets and its ambitious goals for vaccine procurement.
A failure to adequately address the underlying lack of infrastructure in developing countries threatens to further limit the success of the COVAX Facility.
ContextSignificant effort has been directed toward developing a COVID‐19 vaccine, which is viewed as the route out of the pandemic. Much of this effort has coalesced around COVAX, the multilateral initiative aimed at accelerating the development of COVID‐19 vaccines, and ensuring they are equitably available in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This paper represents the first significant analysis of COVAX, and the extent to which it can be said to have successfully met these aims.MethodsThis paper draws on the publicly available policy documents made available by the COVAX initiatives, as well as position papers and public statements from governments around the world with respect to COVID‐19 vaccines and equitable access. We analyze the academic literature regarding access to vaccines during the H1N1 pandemic. Finally, we consider the WHO Global Allocation System, and its principles, which are intended to guide COVAX vaccine deployment.FindingsWe argue that the funding mechanism deployed by the COVAX Pillar appears to be effective at fostering at‐risk investments in research and development and the production of doses in advance of confirmation of clinical efficacy, but caution that this represents a win‐win situation for vaccine manufacturers, providing them with opportunity to benefit regardless of whether their vaccine candidate ever goes on to gain regulatory approval. We also argue that the success of the COVAX Facility with respect to equitable access to vaccine is likely to be limited, primarily as a result of the prevalence of vaccine nationalism, whereby countries adopt policies which heavily prioritize their own public health needs at the expense of others.ConclusionsCurrent efforts through COVAX have greatly accelerated the development of vaccines against COVID‐19, but these benefits are unlikely to flow to LMICs, largely due to the threat of vaccine nationalism.
MiR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p inhibit monosodium urate‐induced gouty inflammation by targeting NLRP3
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chi Jingwei , Dong Bingzi , Xu Lili , Zhou Yue , Huang Yajing , Sun Shengnan , Wei Fanxiang , Liu Yuzhao , Liu Chuanfeng , Che Kui , Lv Wenshan , Chen Ying , Wang Yangang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a crucial role in inflammation regulation; however, their relationship with inflammation in acute gouty arthritis has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we conducted a study to explore the regulatory roles of miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p in gouty‐associated inflammation.MethodsIn vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to examine the molecular mechanisms of miRNA regulation in gouty inflammation. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the direct target of miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p.ResultsWe found that miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p interacted with the 3′ untranslated region segment of NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat [NLR] and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) and inhibited its expression. A decreased expression of miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p was observed in both mice air pouch synovium and phorbol myristrate acetate‐treated THP‐1 cells stimulated with monosodium urate (P < .05). Compared with the negative control group, NLRP3 expression at the transcript and protein level in miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p overexpression group significantly decreased after 6 hours of monosodium urate treatment in vivo and in vitro (P < .05). The results of the dual‐luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p directly targeted NLRP3.ConclusionThe findings of the present study show that miR‐223‐3p and miR‐22‐3p can reduce the inflammatory effects of gout by inhibiting the expression of NLRP3.
Detection dogs in nature conservation: A database on their world‐wide deployment with a review on breeds used and their performance compared to other methods
Authors: Grimm‐Seyfarth Annegret , Harms Wiebke , Berger Anne 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Over the last century, dogs have been increasingly used to detect rare and elusive species or traces of them. The use of wildlife detection dogs (WDD) is particularly well‐established in North America, Europe and Oceania, and projects deploying them have increased world‐wide. However, if they are to make a significant contribution to conservation and management, their strengths, abilities and limitations should be fully identified.

We reviewed the use of WDD with particular focus on the breeds used in different countries and for various targets, as well as their overall performance compared to other methods, by developing and analysing a database of 1,220 publications, including 916 scientific ones, covering 2,464 individual cases—most of them (1,840) scientific.

With the world‐wide increase in the use of WDD, associated tasks have changed and become much more diverse. Since 1930, reports exist for 62 countries and 408 animal, 42 plant, 26 fungi and six bacteria species. Altogether, 108 FCI‐classified and 20 non‐FCI‐classified breeds have worked as WDD. While certain breeds have been preferred on different continents and for specific tasks and targets, they were not generally better suited for detection tasks than others. Overall, WDD usually worked more effectively than other monitoring methods. For each species group, regardless of breed, detection dogs were better than other methods in 88.71% of all cases and only worse in 0.98%. It was only for arthropods that Pinshers and Schnauzers performed worse than other breeds. For mono‐ and dicotyledons, detection dogs did less often outperform other methods.

Although every breed can be trained as a WDD, choosing the most suitable dog for the task and target may speed up training and increase the chance of success. Albeit selection of the most appropriate WDD is important, excellent training, knowledge about the target density and suitability, and a proper study design all appeared to have the highest impact on performance. Moreover, an appropriate area, habitat and weather are crucial for detection dog work. When these factors are taken into consideration, WDD can be an outstanding monitoring method.
Endodontic set sealer eluates promote cytokine production in human mononuclear and periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Pérez‐Serrano Rosa M. , Soza‐Bolaños Ana I. , Castillo‐Valdés Samantha N. , Hernández‐Valdez Gabriela , Mora‐Izaguirre Ofelia , González‐Dávalos María L. , Dammaschke Till , Domínguez‐Pérez Rubén A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEndodontic freshly mixed sealers display toxic effects; however, these are significantly reduced and most become relatively inert in the set state but there is no information about the possible inflammatory reaction promoted by them. Four contemporary and different formulated endodontic set sealers (MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS, AH Plus, and Pulp Canal Sealer) were evaluated. Human periodontal ligament cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐8 and interleukin‐10 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. All endodontic set sealer eluates promoted a similar production (P ˃ 0.05) of the four cytokines. However, their concentrations decreased within a short time period to nearly undetectable concentrations after 24 h, suggesting that the studied endodontic set sealers do not possess inflammatory properties which has favoured their long‐term use in clinical practice.
Single‐dose prolonged drug provocation test, without previous skin testing, is safe for diagnosing children with mild non‐immediate reactions to beta‐lactams
Authors: Prieto Ana , Muñoz Candelaria , Bogas Gádor , Fernández‐Santamaría Rubén , Palomares Francisca , Mayorga Cristobalina , Salas Maria , Doña Inmaculada , Torres María José 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionMild non‐immediate reactions (NIRs) to beta‐lactams (BLs) are the most frequent manifestation of drug allergy in children. The diagnostic approach is complex as the utility of skin tests (STs) and lymphocyte transformation tests (LTTs) is controversial. Drug provocation test (DPT) is the gold standard, although no standardized protocols exist. We aimed to investigate the utility of DPT in a unique dose without previous STs, and LTTs in the diagnosis of NIRs to BLs in children.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated children 0–14 years old referred to the Regional University Hospital of Málaga during 2017–2020 reporting NIRs to BLs. We performed a DPT with a unique dose followed by regular treatment at home. If positive, STs and LTTs were done after the reaction had disappeared.ResultsWe included 194 children, having 24 (12.4%) a positive DPT. The main culprit was AX (70.1%) followed by AX‐clavulanic acid (CLV) (26.8%) and the main symptoms maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (49.5%) and delayed‐urticaria (48.5%). A decrease (p = 0.013) in the interval of days between drug administration and onset of symptoms was observed in positive DPT compared with the original reaction (3.5 vs 6 days), with no differences in the overall percentage of MPE and delayed‐appearing urticaria (p = 0.551). No severe reactions occurred during DPT. Moreover, STs were positive in 13.33% and LTTs in 52.9%.ConclusionsSingle‐dose DPT without previous STs is a safe and useful way to assess NIRs to BLs in children. LTT has shown to be useful, confirming a T‐cell mechanism involved in these reactions.
Zymogen‐locked mutant prostasin (Prss8) leads to incomplete proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and severely compromises triamterene tolerance in mice
Authors: Essigke Daniel , Ilyaskin Alexandr V. , Wörn Matthias , Bohnert Bernhard N. , Xiao Mengyun , Daniel Christoph , Amann Kerstin , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Szabo Roman , Bugge Thomas H. , Korbmacher Christoph , Artunc Ferruh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe serine protease prostasin (Prss8) is expressed in the distal tubule and stimulates proteolytic activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in co‐expression experiments in vitro. The aim of this study was to explore the role of prostasin in proteolytic ENaC activation in the kidney in vivo.MethodsWe used genetically modified knockin mice carrying a Prss8 mutation abolishing proteolytic activity (Prss8‐S238A) or a mutation leading to a zymogen‐locked state (Prss8‐R44Q). Mice were challenged with low sodium diet and diuretics. Regulation of ENaC activity by Prss8‐S238A and Prss8‐R44Q was studied in vitro using the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system.ResultsCo‐expression of murine ENaC with Prss8‐wt or Prss8‐S238A in oocytes caused maximal proteolytic ENaC activation, whereas ENaC was activated only partially in oocytes co‐expressing Prss8‐R44Q. This was paralleled by a reduced proteolytic activity at the cell surface of Prss8‐R44Q expressing oocytes. Sodium conservation under low sodium diet was preserved in Prss8‐S238A and Prss8‐R44Q mice but with higher plasma aldosterone concentrations in Prss8‐R44Q mice. Treatment with the ENaC inhibitor triamterene over four days was tolerated in Prss8‐wt and Prss8‐S238A mice, whereas Prss8‐R44Q mice developed salt wasting and severe weight loss associated with hyperkalemia and acidosis consistent with impaired ENaC function and renal failure.ConclusionUnlike proteolytically inactive Prss8‐S238A, zymogen‐locked Prss8‐R44Q produces incomplete proteolytic ENaC activation in vitro and causes a severe renal phenotype in mice treated with the ENaC inhibitor triamterene. This indicates that Prss8 plays a role in proteolytic ENaC activation and renal function independent of its proteolytic activity.
The Effects of opioids on female fertility, pregnancy and the breastfeeding mother‐infant dyad: A Review
Authors: Corsi Daniel J. , Murphy Malia S. Q. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOpioids cover a broad class of natural, synthetic and semi‐synthetic drugs that act on opioid receptors to produce powerful analgesic effects. Rates of opioid use and opioid agonist maintenance treatment have increased substantially in recent years, particularly among women. Trends and outcomes of opioids use on fertility, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and longer‐term child developmental outcomes have not been well‐described. Here, we review the existing literature on the health effects of opioid use on female fertility, pregnancy, breastmilk and the exposed infant. We find that the current literature is primarily concentrated on the impact of opioid use in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, with little exploration of effects on fertility. Studies are limited in number, some with small sample sizes, and many are hampered by methodological challenges related to confounding and other potential biases. Opioid use is becoming more prevalent due to environmental pressures such as COVID‐19. More research is needed to better elucidate its effects on reproductive health among younger women and support the development of evidence‐based recommendations for safe prescription practices and public health messaging.
Effect of lithium on circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Ni , Shinohara Kiyomi , Saunders Kate E. A. , Geddes John R. , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesCircadian rhythm disruption is commonly reported in patients with bipolar disorder. Lithium has been suggested to have effects on the circadian clock, the biological basis of the circadian rhythm. The objective of the current review was to review systematically the existing studies on the effect of lithium on circadian rhythm in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsWe systematically searched the scientific literature up to September 2020 for experimental or observational studies which measured circadian rhythm in bipolar patients taking lithium (in comparison with placebo or other active treatments) and carried out a meta‐analysis. Circadian rest‐activity was our primary outcome, but we also collected data about sleep quality and chronotype (Morningness‐Eveningness). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018109790).ResultsFour observational studies (n = 668) and one experimental study (n = 29) were included. Results from the meta‐analysis suggest a potential association between lithium and shifts towards morningness (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.05 to 0.90). One cohort study with 21 days of follow‐up found that patients treated with lithium had significantly larger amplitude (0.68, 0.01 to 1.36) when compared to anticonvulsants.ConclusionThis review highlights the insufficient evidence to inform us about the effect of lithium on circadian rhythm. However, we found that chronotype can be a potential target for further exploration of biomarkers or biosignatures of lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. Further studies with prospective and longitudinal study design, adopting actigraphy to monitor daily circadian rest‐activity changes are needed.
Thrombotic microangiopathy in untreated myeloma patients receiving carfilzomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone on the CARDAMON study
Authors: Camilleri Marquita , Cuadrado Maria , Phillips Elizabeth , Wilson William , Jenner Richard , Pang Gavin , Kamora Sumaiya , Streetly Matthew , Popat Rakesh , Bygrave Ceri , Owen Roger , Cavenagh James , Chapman Mike , Sive Jonathan , Eccersley Lydia , Sheaff Michael , Benjamin Reuben , Ramasamy Karthik , Cook Gordon , Virchis Andres , Chavda Selina J. , Clifton‐Hadley Laura , Scully Marie Anne , Yong Kwee 
Published: March 2021

SummaryProteasome inhibitors have been associated with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) — a group of disorders characterised by occlusive microvascular thrombosis causing microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and end‐organ damage. To date, carfilzomib‐associated TMA has predominantly been described in relapsed/refractory myeloma patients. We report eight patients with newly diagnosed myeloma who experienced TMA events while receiving carfilzomib on the phase II CARDAMON trial. The first three occurred during maintenance single‐agent carfilzomib, two occurred at induction with carfilzomib given with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (KCd) and three occurred during KCd consolidation. At TMA presentation 6/8 were hypertensive; 7/8 had acute kidney injury and in three, renal impairment persisted after resolution of TMA in other respects. The mechanism of carfilzomib‐associated TMA remains unclear, though patients with known hypertension seem particularly susceptible. Given the first three cases occurred during maintenance after a longer than five‐week treatment break, a protocol amendment was instituted with: aggressive hypertension management, carfilzomib step‐up dosing (20 mg/m2 on day 1) at start of maintenance before dose escalation to 56 mg/m2 maximum, and adding 10 mg dexamethasone as premedication to maintenance carfilzomib infusions. No further TMA events occurred during maintenance following this amendment and the TMA incidence reduced from 4·2 to 1·6 per 1 000 patient cycles.