bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Independent Cushing Syndrome with Right Adrenal Adenoma and HIV Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Luo Bingfeng , Yi Xiang , Liang Tuo , Lu Zhenquan 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome
(CS) with right adrenal adenoma combined with HIV infection has rarely been reported.

Case presentation:
A 39-year-old Chinese male patient with HIV infection was admitted to our
hospital due to increased blood pressure in the previous 2 years and weight gain in the previous 6
months. Endocrinological examinations showed that blood cortisol (8 a.m.) was 22.23 μg/dl, the
level of ACTH (8 a.m.) was less than 1pg/ml and twenty-four-hour urinary cortisol was 1429
μg/24h. ACTH-independent CS was diagnosed based on low ACTH levels (<1.00 pg/ml), a lack of
cortisol circadian rhythms, and unsuppressed cortisol levels by dexamethasone. The ultrasonography
and multislice spiral computed tomography scan revealed a right adrenal mass. Due to the HIV
status of the patient, we measured the count of CD4+ T helper cells. Laparoscopic right adrenal resection
was performed after the CD4+ T helper cell count was > 200 cells/μl. Subsequent immunohistochemical
staining confirmed right adrenal adenoma.

Results:
The postoperative recovery was good, and wound healing was possible. After surgical
treatment, endocrinological examinations indicated that the level of ACTH increased and the levels
of serum cortisol and twenty-four-hour urinary cortisol decreased, which indicated that CS was controlled.
CD4/CD8 was 0.47 at reexamination, and the patient's immunity was improved.

Conclusion:
Due to the potential side effects of steroid drugs, clinicians should use these medications
with caution and closely monitor the development of adrenal deficiency.
Recent Advances in C-C/Heteroatom Bond Forming and Annulation Reactions of β- Ketodithioesters
Authors: Devi Laishram M. , Singh Thokchom P. , Singh Okram M. 
Published: June 2021

:
β-Ketodithioesters (KDEs) are versatile building blocks for the rapid construction of various heterocyclic
compounds. Quite a good number of successful reactions based on KDEs have been developed in the
past decade for the construction of heterocyclic skeletons under mild conditions. This review covers the new CC/
X bond formation and annulation reactions of KDEs with dielectrophilic or dinucleophilic reagents. Multicomponent
reactions using KDEs to construct various heterocycles are also the major contents in this review.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to bring a fresh perspective on the application of KDEs in organic synthesis
covering from 2013 to 2020.

Conclusion:
From this review, it has been cleared that KDEs have been the object of numerous studies on its
use in heterocyclic synthesis. The presence of different functional groups on this synthon permits the incorporation
of C-C/X sources into the final targets, which is the significant property of KDEs.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Datura metel Flower Extract Assisted by Ultrasound Method and Its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Fatimah Is , Hidayat Habibi , Nugroho Bambang , Husein Saddam 
Published: June 2021

Background:Green synthesis method of nanoparticles has been developed for several years. Besides providing environmental-friendly process, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract provides synergistic effect of the secondary metabolite in such antibiotic activity. The study with an intensification process in nanoparticles formation is also gaining great attention. This research deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Datura metel flower extract for the antibacterial agent. The use of ultrasound-assisted method for the synthesis was investigated.Methods:Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Datura metel flower extract under ultrasound- assisted method has been conducted. Evaluation of the successful synthesis was done using UV-visible spectrophotometry, particle size analyzer, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared AgNPs were tested as an antibacterial against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and E. coli.Results:The ultrasound-assisted synthesis of AgNPs produces particles ranging from 25-70 nm in size; meanwhile, the reflux method demonstrated the size of 50-170 nm. These particles size represents the effect on the antibacterial activity as the ultrasound-assisted synthesized Ag NPs have higher inhibition zone towards all tested bacteria. Subsequently, these data presented the applicability of Ag NPs synthesis using an ultrasound method as a potential candidate for biomedical applications.Conclusion:The profile of UV-Visible spectra and particle size analyses demonstrated the applicability of the ultrasound technique to produce a smaller size of the nanoparticles with higher antibacterial activity.
Application of Support Vector Regression and Time Series Method in
Short-term Power Load Forecasting with Regional Difference
Authors: Fan Guo-Feng , Peng Li-Ling , Dong Song-Qiao , Yu Meng , Hong Wei-Chiang 
Published: June 2021

Aims:
The aim of this study is to perform short-term load forecasting.

Background:
Short-term load forecasting plays a key role in power dispatching. It provides basic data
for basic power generation planning and system safety analysis so that the power dispatching work is
more practical and the power generation efficiency is higher.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to ensure the safe operation of the electricity market and relieve the
pressure of supply and demand.

Method:
In this paper, the SVR model is used for short-term load prediction.

Results:
The SVR model has the advantage of minimizing the structural risk and has good generalization
performance for the predicted object. At the same time, the global optimization is ensured, a lot of
mapping calculation is reduced, the actual risk is reduced, and the prediction performance is improved.

Conclusion:
The target model has higher forecasting accuracy than other forecasting models and can
effectively solve the problems of the power market.
Data Missing Not at Random in Mobile Health Research: Assessment of the Problem and a Case for Sensitivity Analyses
Authors: Goldberg Simon B , Bolt Daniel M , Davidson Richard J 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundMissing data are common in mobile health (mHealth) research. There has been little systematic investigation of how missingness is handled statistically in mHealth randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although some missing data patterns (ie, missing at random [MAR]) may be adequately addressed using modern missing data methods such as multiple imputation and maximum likelihood techniques, these methods do not address bias when data are missing not at random (MNAR). It is typically not possible to determine whether the missing data are MAR. However, higher attrition in active (ie, intervention) versus passive (ie, waitlist or no treatment) conditions in mHealth RCTs raise a strong likelihood of MNAR, such as if active participants who benefit less from the intervention are more likely to drop out.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically evaluate differential attrition and methods used for handling missingness in a sample of mHealth RCTs comparing active and passive control conditions. We also aim to illustrate a modern model-based sensitivity analysis and a simpler fixed-value replacement approach that can be used to evaluate the influence of MNAR.MethodsWe reanalyzed attrition rates and predictors of differential attrition in a sample of 36 mHealth RCTs drawn from a recent meta-analysis of smartphone-based mental health interventions. We systematically evaluated the design features related to missingness and its handling. Data from a recent mHealth RCT were used to illustrate 2 sensitivity analysis approaches (pattern-mixture model and fixed-value replacement approach).ResultsAttrition in active conditions was, on average, roughly twice that of passive controls. Differential attrition was higher in larger studies and was associated with the use of MAR-based multiple imputation or maximum likelihood methods. Half of the studies (18/36, 50%) used these modern missing data techniques. None of the 36 mHealth RCTs reviewed conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the possible consequences of data MNAR. A pattern-mixture model and fixed-value replacement sensitivity analysis approaches were introduced. Results from a recent mHealth RCT were shown to be robust to missing data, reflecting worse outcomes in missing versus nonmissing scores in some but not all scenarios. A review of such scenarios helps to qualify the observations of significant treatment effects.ConclusionsMNAR data because of differential attrition are likely in mHealth RCTs using passive controls. Sensitivity analyses are recommended to allow researchers to assess the potential impact of MNAR on trial results.
Improving Electronic Survey Response Rates Among Cancer Center Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Authors: Hathaway Cassandra A , Chavez Melody N , Kadono Mika , Ketcher Dana , Rollison Dana E , Siegel Erin M , Peoples Anita R , Ulrich Cornelia M , Penedo Frank J , Tworoger Shelley S , Gonzalez Brian D 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundSurveys play a vital role in cancer research. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of electronic surveys is crucial to improve understanding of the patient experience. However, response rates to electronic surveys are often lower compared with those of paper surveys.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the best approach to improve response rates for an electronic survey administered to patients at a cancer center during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe contacted 2750 patients seen at Moffitt Cancer Center in the prior 5 years via email to complete a survey regarding their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, with patients randomly assigned to a series of variations of prenotifications (ie, postcard, letter) or incentives (ie, small gift, modest gift card). In total, eight combinations were evaluated. Qualitative interviews were conducted to understand the level of patient understanding and burden with the survey, and quantitative analysis was used to evaluate the response rates between conditions.ResultsA total of 262 (9.5%) patients completed the survey and 9 participated in a qualitative interview. Interviews revealed minimal barriers in understanding or burden, which resulted in minor survey design changes. Compared to sending an email only, sending a postcard or letter prior to the email improved response rates from 3.7% to 9.8%. Similarly, inclusion of an incentive significantly increased the response rate from 5.4% to 16.7%, especially among racial (3.0% to 12.2%) and ethnic (6.4% to 21.0%) minorities, as well as among patients with low socioeconomic status (3.1% to 14.9%).ConclusionsStrategies to promote effective response rates include prenotification postcards or letters as well as monetary incentives. This work can inform future survey development to increase response rates for electronic surveys, particularly among hard-to-reach populations.
Evaluación de la calidad del servicio en las clínicas de la Licenciatura en Estomatología de la BUAP: metodologías SERVPERF y Donabedian
Authors: López Ramírez Edith , Sifuentes Valenzuela Ma. Cristina , Lucero Rodríguez Rebeca , Aguilar Sonia Lilia , Perea González Gloria Patricia 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: comparar la percepción de la calidad funcional de los pacientes que acuden a los servicios en las Clínicas Estomatológicas de Docencia y Servicio (CEDS), con las metodologías Donabedian y SERVPERF. Diseño metodológico: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y prolectivo para comparar cómo perciben los pacientes atendidos en las CEDS de la Facultad de Estomatología (FE) de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) la calidad del servicio, a partir de las metodologías Donabedian y SERVPERF. Se diseñó y aplicó a una muestra aleatoria estratificada de 400 pacientes un instrumento denominado PERCACEL estructurado en tres partes: a) datos generales; b) metodología de evaluación de Donabedian; y c) metodología SERVPERF.Resultados: el porcentaje de percepción de la calidad con el instrumento Donabedian fue menor (8.14 %) en comparación con el obtenido con la metodología SERVPERF (8.51 %).Limitaciones de la investigación: la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento resultaron altas, sin embargo, su sensibilidad depende de la identificación de los procesos del servicio a evaluar en cada una de las dimensiones de las dos metodologías, para asegurar su confiabilidad.Hallazgos: ambos instrumentos pueden ser utilizados en diferentes servicios, tanto públicos como privados, y en diferentes ámbitos, incluyendo el de estomatología.
Las funciones de las aves en la producción avícola de pequeña escala: el caso de una comunidad rural en Hidalgo, México
Authors: Romero-López Ana Rosa 
Published: June 2021

En México, diversos estudios enfatizan que la importancia de la avicultura de pequeña escala en el ámbito rural recae en dos funciones que se les asignan a las aves: 1) aporte a la seguridad alimentaria y 2) generación de ingresos económicos. Pocos son los estudios que identifican y describen las funciones complementarias que tienen las aves en sistemas de producción de pequeña escala y la manera en que dicha especie contribuye al bienestar de la familia productora. En el presente estudio se identificaron y analizaron las funciones que las familias productoras le asignaban a la especie avícola en las 26 unidades de producción que poseían aves, de un total de 29, en la comunidad rural La Cuchilla, Hidalgo, México. Se encontró que las aves podían tener 6 diferentes funciones, no mutuamente excluyentes: nutrimental (26.9 %), medioambiental (24.4 %), cultural (17.9 %), económica (16.7 %), social (11.5 %) y de recreación (2.6 %). Cada una de las funciones contribuían al bienestar familiar en cinco diferentes esferas: seguridad alimentaria, disponibilidad de recursos económicos, reforzamiento de relaciones sociales, vinculación al mercado y transmisión de conocimientos vernáculos. Se concluye que las aves pueden tener una multifuncionalidad que va más allá de su aporte a la seguridad alimentaria (función nutrimental) y generación de recursos económicos (función económica). Las funciones de las aves pueden ser estrategias que los productores definen para alcanzar el bienestar familiar en cinco diferentes esferas. La comprensión integral del concepto de función es importante para el diseño de estrategias de desarrollo acordes a los objetivos y lógica de producción de la familia productora.
Detección de anticuerpos de Neospora spp. en caballos, asociados a diferentes factores de riesgo en México
Authors: Padilla-Díaz Kenia Jasher , Medina-Esparza Leticia , Cruz-Vázquez Carlos , Vitela-Mendoza Irene , Gómez-Leyva Juan F. , Quezada-Tristán Teódulo 
Published: June 2021

Neospora spp. es un parásito protozoario causante de abortos y enfermedad del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) en diversas especies domésticas y silvestres. En equinos, se le ha involucrado como causa de aborto, mortalidad neonatal y enfermedades del SNC. La especie identificada en equinos es distinta a Neospora caninum y se denomina Neospora hughesi. El objetivo del presente, fue detectar la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Neospora spp., asociados a factores de riesgo en caballos de México. Se realizó una encuesta de cada cuadra y animales individuales de cuatro regiones del país (Centro, Norte, Occidente y Sur) para identificación de los factores de riesgo. Se obtuvo un total de 684 muestras de sueros de caballos de las diferentes regiones, 52.3 % (358) machos y 47.7 % (326) hembras. Los sueros fueron conservados a -20 °C. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), los resultados de este fueron analizados para estimar la asociación entre la seropositividad y los factores de riesgo. La seroprevalencia a Neospora spp. fue de 2.34 % en la población estudiada; los casos positivos se encontraron principalmente en tres de las cuatro regiones incluidas, que presentaron una relación significativa a la presencia de anticuerpos anti-Neospora spp.; la convivencia de los caballos con otros animales obtuvo un valor de OR de 2.34 (IC 95%: 0.28 - 19.0; P<0.04). Se concluye que, Neospora spp., está presente en los caballos de México.
Четыре принципа нормативной архитектуры Китая
Authors: Шевченко Марианна 
Published: June 2021

Нормативная архитектура Китая, или архитектура «гуань- ши», наряду с народной, представляет собой одну из двух важнейших составляющих частей китайского зодчества. Термин «гуаньши» состоит из двух иероглифов: 官 (гуань) - административный, казённый, государственный; и 式 (ши) - образец, норма, стандарт, эталон, тип. Архитектура «гу­аньши» - это архитектура, соответствующая определённым государственным нормативам, соблюдению которых уделя­лось особое внимание со стороны императорского двора. К нормативной архитектуре относились императорские и административные постройки, а также крупные монастыри, храмы, захоронения, резиденции знати, важные фортифика­ционные сооружения и другие. Иными словами, принадлеж­ность к разряду нормативной архитектуры не была связана с функцией построек, а также с их географическим положением на территории Поднебесной.
В данном исследовании нормативная архитектура Китая рассматривается как единое феноменальное явление, основу которого составляли четыре базовых принципа: модульность, иерархичность, пространственная регулярность и единство числовых и геометрических пропорций. В статье кратко рас­крыто содержание данных принципов, исследован процесс формирования нормативной архитектуры, который начался на рубеже IV-III тысячелетий до н.э. и завершился к VI веку нашей эры. Вскрыта связь четырёх принципов с различными аспектами традиционного китайского мировоззрения. Вы­явлен преемственный характер формирования и развития нормативной архитектуры. Кроме того показано, почему ар­хитектура, не обладающая одним или несколькими базовыми принципами, не может быть отнесена к разряду нормативной и как в этом случае меняется её характер.
Teori Hukum Pidana Minimalis dari Douglas Husak: Urgensi dan Relevansi
Authors: Ali Mahrus , Setiawan M. Arif 
Published: June 2021

Douglas Husak has been widely known, especially in the United States and Europe, as a leading theorist who combines the disciplines of legal philosophy and criminal law. Most of his writings were directed at the use of the coercive means of the state through criminal law as minimum as possible. The minimalist theory of criminal law that he coined was motivated by the phenomenon of the increasing number of acts criminalized in the United States Federal State Law in which the majority related to offenses of risk prevention causing overcriminalization. To prevent this, criminal law must be placed as a last resort. The state’s decision to criminalize an act must pay attention to internal and external constraints. The first includes the nontrivial harm or evil constraint, the culpability of the actor, and the proportionality of punishment, while the second is related to the substantiality of the state’s authority to punish. The thought is relevant to be adopted in the criminalization policy in Indonesia, especially regarding the principle of the blameworthiness of conduct, the severity of punishment must weigh the dangerousness of the (actor) offenses, and criminalization should not be taken if other means are equally effective or even more effective to achieve the goal.
Abstrak
Douglas Husak dikenal luas terutama di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa sebagai teoretisi terkemuka yang menggabungkan antara disiplin filsafat hukum dan hukum pidana. Tulisan-tulisan Husak kebanyakan diarahkan pada penggunaan sarana koersif negara melalui hukum pidana seminimal mungkin. Teori hukum pidana minimalis yang dicetuskannya dilatarbelakangi fenomena semakin banyaknya perbuatan-perbuatan yang dikriminalisasi dalam undang-undang Negara Federal Amerika dan mayoritas terkait offenses of risk prevention sehingga menimbulkan kelebihan kriminalisasi. Untuk mencegahnya, hukum pidana harus ditempatkan sebagai sarana terakhir. Keputusan negara untuk mengkriminalisasi suatu perbuatan harus memperhatikan pembatas internal dan pembatas eksternal. Yang pertama meliputi sifat jahat dan dampak kerugian/kerusakan yang begitu serius dari dilakukannya suatu tindak pidana, kesalahan pembuat, dan proporsionalitas pidana; sedangkan yang kedua terkait substansialitas kewenangan negara untuk memidana. Pemikiran Husak relevan untuk diadopsi dalam kebijakan kriminalisasi di Indonesia terutama menyangkut prinsip ketercelaan suatu perbuatan, penetapan beratnya ancaman pidana mengacu pada seriusitas delik dan kesalahan pembuat, dan kriminalisasi tidak boleh ditempuh jika cara-cara lain sama efektif atau bahkan lebih efektif untuk mencapai tujuan.
MECHANISM OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AND FUNDAMENTALS FOR ITS CREATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: Inna Barbanova  
Published: June 2021

In today's world, one of the important indicators of each country is the mechanism of its innovative development. It is proved that countries with stable and developed economic system, high standard of living, education, science and business sector have created and regulated a mechanism of innovative development. In order to create, launch and effectively operate the mechanism of innovative development in Ukraine, it is necessary to create favorable conditions while applying world experience and taking into account its capabilities and features. The article considers the content of the concept of "innovation development mechanism", identifies and analyzes the ten leading countries according to the Global Innovation Index 2019, highlights the main factors of influence of each country that have become key and common elements in successfully achieving innovation at the national level. The state and the business sector have given effective cooperation and interaction. The availability and sufficiency of resources for the creation of a mechanism of innovative development in Ukraine are studied, the main elements are identified and the scheme of interaction of these elements of innovative development is developed.