bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa: assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey
Authors: Tetteh John , Ekem-Ferguson George , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Swaray Swithin Mustapha , Ayanore Martin Amogre , Seneadza Nana Ayegua Hagan , Asante Kwaku Oppong , Yawson Alfred Edwin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundMarijuana use among adolescents, including high school students, has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours. Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.AimsTo assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours, including repeated attempted suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide planning, among high school students in Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 32 802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa, North Africa, South-East Africa, South Africa and East Africa subregions. Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables. We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors. Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.ResultsThe prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7% (95% CI: 3.1 to 4.3) and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.9 to 7.4), respectively. The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption, which constituted approximately 40% of the impact. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation, suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12% (ATT=0.12 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.22)), 18% (ATT=0.18 (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.22)) and 31% (ATT=0.31 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.41)), respectively.ConclusionsMarijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours (suicidal ideation, planning and repeated attempted suicide) among the students. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5 (tostrengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse), school-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use. Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.
CTLA4promoter hypomethylation is a negative prognostic biomarker at initial diagnosis but predicts response and favorable outcome to anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Klümper Niklas , Ralser Damian J , Zarbl Romina , Schlack Katrin , Schrader Andres Jan , Rehlinghaus Marc , Hoffmann Michèle J , Niegisch Günter , Uhlig Annemarie , Trojan Lutz , Steinestel Julie , Steinestel Konrad , Wirtz Ralph M , Sikic Danijel , Eckstein Markus , Kristiansen Glen , Toma Marieta , Hölzel Michael , Ritter Manuel , Strieth Sebastian , Ellinger Jörg , Dietrich Dimo 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIn metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), different combination therapies, each including anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), are applied as first-line treatment. Robust predictive biomarkers for rational upfront therapy decisions are lacking, although they are urgently needed. Recently, we showed thatCTLA4promoter methylation predicts response to ICB in melanoma. Here, we aimed to investigateCTLA4methylation in ccRCC and its utility to serve as a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 based ICB in metastatic ccRCC.MethodsCTLA4methylation was analyzed with regard to transcriptional gene activity (mRNA expression), intratumoral immune cell composition, and clinical course in two ccRCC cohorts obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA cohort, n=533) and the University Hospital Bonn (UHB Non-ICB Cohort, n=116). In addition,CTLA4methylation as well as CD8+T cell infiltrates and PD-L1 expression were evaluated in pre-treatment samples from a multicenter cohort (RCC-ICB Cohort, n=71). Patients included in the RCC-ICB Cohort were treated with either first line anti-PD-1 based combination therapy (n=25) or monotherapy post–tyrosine kinase inhibition in second line or later. Analyses were performed with regard to treatment response according to RECIST, progression-free survival (PFS), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) following treatment initiation.ResultsCTLA4promoter hypomethylation was significantly correlated withCTLA4mRNA expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and poor OS in both primary ccRCC cohorts (TCGA: HR 0.30 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.49), p<0.001; UHB Non-ICB: HR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.75), p=0.007). In contrast,CTLA4promoter hypomethylation predicted response and, accordingly, favorable outcomes (PFS and OS) in patients with ICB-treated ccRCC, overcompensating the negative prognostic value ofCTLA4hypomethylation at initial diagnosis. Moreover, in multivariable Cox regression,CTLA4promoter hypomethylation remained an independent predictor of improved outcome in ICB-treated ccRCC after co-adjustment of the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium score (HR 3.00 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.28), p=0.003).ConclusionsOur study suggestsCTLA4methylation as a powerful predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in metastatic RCC.
Intramuscular hyaluronic acid expression following repetitive power training induced nonfunctional overreaching
Authors: Purdom Troy M. , Wayland Alexis , Nicoll Justin X. , Ludwar Bjoern , Fry Andrew , Shanle Erin , Giles Jake 
Published: August 2021

Hyaluronic acid (HA) contributes to extracellular matrix viscosity and fiber regeneration. HA role in resistance training (RT) performance adaptations is unclear. RT men performed power training (nonfunctional overreaching (NFOR) or normal training (CG)) over 7.5 days. Post RT, the CG improved power while NFOR did not with HA content decreasing 34.5% in NFOR with no change in CG. HA is critical for muscular recovery; decreased HA may contribute to impaired power adaptations with NFOR RT. Novelty: Nonfunctional over-reaching decreases muscular hyaluronic acid.
Extratropical Southern Hemisphere Synchronous Pressure Variability in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Fogt Ryan L. , Connolly Charlotte J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Because continuous meteorological observations across Antarctica did not start until the middle of the twentieth century, little is known about the full spatial pattern of pressure variability across the extratropical Southern Hemisphere (SH) in the early twentieth century, defined here as the period from 1905 to 1956. To fill this gap, this study analyzes pressure observations across the SH in conjunction with seasonal pressure reconstructions across Antarctica, which are based on observed station-to-station statistical relationships between pressure over Antarctica and the southern midlatitudes. Using this newly generated dataset, it is found that the early twentieth century is characterized by synchronous but opposite-signed pressure relationships between Antarctica and the SH midlatitudes, especially in austral summer and autumn. The synchronous pressure relationships are consistent with the southern annular mode, extending its well-known influence on SH extratropical pressure since 1957 into the early twentieth century. Apart from connections with the southern annular mode, regional and shorter-duration pressure trends are found to be associated with influences from tropical variability and potentially the zonal wavenumber 3 pattern. Although the reduced network of SH observations and Antarctic reconstruction captures the southern annular mode in the early twentieth century, reanalysis products show varying skill in reproducing trends and variability, especially over the oceans and high southern latitudes prior to 1957, which stresses the importance of continual efforts of historical data rescue in data-sparse regions to improve their quality.
Testing Methods of Pattern Extraction for Climate Data Using Synthetic Modes
Authors: Fulton D. James , Hegerl Gabriele C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper we develop a method to quantify the accuracy of different pattern extraction techniques for the additive space–time modes often assumed to be present in climate data. It has previously been shown that the standard technique of principal component analysis (PCA; also known as empirical orthogonal functions) may extract patterns that are not physically meaningful. Here we analyze two modern pattern extraction methods, namely dynamical mode decomposition (DMD) and slow feature analysis (SFA), in comparison with PCA. We develop a Monte Carlo method to generate synthetic additive modes that mimic the properties of climate modes described in the literature. The datasets composed of these generated modes do not satisfy the assumptions of any pattern extraction method presented. We find that both alternative methods significantly outperform PCA in extracting local and global modes in the synthetic data. These techniques had a higher mean accuracy across modes in 60 out of 60 mixed synthetic climates, with SFA slightly outperforming DMD. We show that in the majority of simple cases PCA extracts modes that are not significantly better than a random guess. Finally, when applied to real climate data these alternative techniques extract a more coherent and less noisy global warming signal, as well as an El Niño signal with a clearer spectral peak in the time series, and more a physically plausible spatial pattern.
Anxiety and fear related to coronavirus disease 2019 assessment in the Spanish population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Allande-Cussó Regina , Linares Manrique Marta , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Romero Ruiz Adolfo , Romero-Martín Macarena , García-Iglesias Juan J. , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos 
Published: August 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide, compromising the responsiveness of governments and states and thus generating anxiety and fear at the population level. Objective: To assess the level of anxiety and fear of coronavirus disease 2019 in a Spanish adult population group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, using the anxiety and fear of COVID-19 assessment scale (AMICO, for its acronym in Spanish). The sample was composed of 1038 subjects. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were performed, after analysis of normality in the data distribution. Categorical regression analyses were also executed. Findings: The total sample size was 1036 subjects, 56.3% was made up of females, with a mean age of 48.11 years (SD = 15.13). The mean score obtained on the AMICO scale was 5.54 points (SD = 1.83), with a score range between 1.22 and 10. Bivariate analysis only demonstrated statistically significant differences in the mean score of the scale and the variables: sex, marital status, work area and academic level. The executed categorical regression analysis revealed an R2 value of 0.75 and a significance of p = 0.00. Conclusions: The results obtained show that the Spanish population presents moderate anxiety levels to coronavirus disease 2019. Women, married, with primary and/or secondary education level, and working in the public transport, services and/or hospitality sectors are more likely to have high levels of fear and anxiety. Application to Practice: These results could be used for therapeutic and preventive psychological interventions, and also to plan new research under sex perspective and observing the socio-economic environment.
Comments on Michael Hudson: Making Capitalism Great Again? A Critique of the “Rentier Takeover” Thesis
Authors: Mason J. W. 
Published: August 2021

Michael Hudson argues that a new form of financial capitalism has displaced the industrial capitalism of Marx’s day. Unlike earlier capitalists, whose pursuit of lower costs led to improvements in the organization of production, the typical wealth owner today is a passive rentier who, like a feudal landlord, merely claims the surplus from existing production processes. Some form of this vision of financialization is widely held, but, I argue, misleading. It exaggerates the differences between historical and present-day capitalism, and misses the ways in which “finance” and “industry” form complementary parts of a single process. JEL classification: B51, E44, N20
Depression in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes Adults
Authors: Mathur Deepali , Anand Akshay , Srivastava Vinod , Patil Suchitra S. , Singh Amit , Rajesh SK , Nagendra HR , Nagarathna Raghuram 
Published: August 2021

Background: Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are two to three times more vulnerable to develop depressive symptomatology. Purpose: To report the association between depression and high-risk diabetes in India. Methods: A total of 1,606 adults were recruited for the study. A patient health questionnaire was used to determine the depression on the basis of score. A statistical analysis was done using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression to determine the association between diabetes categories and four degrees of depression. Results: Out of 1,606 participants, 52.6% were males and 47.4% were females, 56.4% belonged to the urban area and 43.6% to the rural area. However, 19.5% (314) had diabetes; 29.1% of diabetes individuals had minimal depression, 38.7% had mild, 17.2% moderate, 12.0% moderately severe, and 3.1% had severe depression. In the self-reported diabetic participant group ( N = 142), there was a significantly higher degree of severe depression (3.3%) in the uncontrolled group (HbA1c >7%) as compared to the well-controlled diabetes group (HbA1c <7%). ANCOVA in gender differences in the uncontrolled diabetes group showed that male gender had significantly ( P = –.02) higher mean scores of depression. Conclusion: This study found that there is a positive association between depression and uncontrolled diabetes in male gender.
Formulation Comprising Arsenic Trioxide and Dimercaprol Enhances Radiosensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Tang Renyan , Zhu Jianmin , Liu Ying , Wu Ning , Han Jinbin 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of a formula comprising arsenic trioxide and dimercaprol (BAL-ATO) as a radiosensitizing agent in model mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts. Methods: Female BALB/c nude mice bearing SW1990 human pancreatic cancer xenografts were divided into four treatment arms, including control, radiotherapy (RT), BAL-ATO, and RT + BAL-ATO groups. Survival and tumor volume were analyzed. We also assessed apoptosis in tumor samples by live imaging and detected hypoxia by confocal laser microscope observation. We further investigated the mechanisms of BAL-ATO action in RT by detecting affected proteins by western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. Results: Median survival was significantly longer in the RT + BAL-ATO group (64.5 days) compared with the control (49.5 days), RT (39 days), and BAL-ATO (48 days) groups ( P < 0.001). RT + BAL-ATO inhibited the growth of tumors in mice by 73% compared with the control group, which was significantly higher than the rate of inhibition following RT alone (59%) ( P < 0.01). Further analysis showed an improved microenvironment in terms of hypoxia in tumors treated with BAL-ATO alone or RT + BAL-ATO. Expression of signaling molecules associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells, including CD24, CD44, ALDH1A1, Gli-1, and Nestin, was detected in tumors treated with BAL-ATO alone or in combination with RT. Conclusion: These data suggest that BAL-ATO function as a radiosensitizer in mice with pancreatic cancer xenografts, via mechanisms involving hypoxia reduction and inhibition of signaling pathways associated with pancreatic cancer stem cells. BAL-ATO may thus be a promising radiosensitizing agent in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Monoclinic–orthorhombic first-order phase transition in K2ZnSi5O12 leucite analogue; transition mechanism and spontaneous strain analysis
Authors: Bell Anthony M.T. , Clegg Francis , Henderson Christopher M.B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrothermally synthesised K2ZnSi5O12 has a polymerised framework structure with the same topology as leucite (KAlSi2O6, tetragonal I41/a), which has two tetrahedrally coordinated Al3+ cations replaced by Zn2+ and Si4+. At 293 K it has a cation-ordered framework P21/c monoclinic structure with lattice parameters a = 13.1773(2) Å, b = 13.6106(2) Å, c = 13.0248(2) Å and β = 91.6981(9)°. This structure is isostructural with K2MgSi5O12, the first cation-ordered leucite analogue characterised. With increasing temperature, the P21/c structure transforms reversibly to cation-ordered framework orthorhombic Pbca. This transition takes place over the temperature range 848−863 K where both phases coexist; there is an ~1.2% increase in unit cell volume between 843 K (P21/c) and 868 K (Pbca), characteristic of a first-order, displacive, ferroelastic phase transition. Spontaneous strain analysis defines the symmetry- and non-symmetry related changes and shows that the mechanism is weakly first order; the two-phase region is consistent with the mechanism being a strain-related martensitic transition.
Reducing burden from respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants: a systematic review of interventions in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries
Authors: Lambert Jan-Frederic , Stete Katarina , Balmford James , Bockey Annabelle , Kern Winfried , Rieg Siegbert , Boeker Martin , Lange Berit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Respiratory diseases are a major reason for refugees and other immigrants seeking health care in countries of arrival. The burden of respiratory diseases in refugees is exacerbated by sometimes poor living conditions characterised by crowding in mass accommodations and basic living portals. The lack of synthesised evidence and guideline-relevant information to reduce morbidity and mortality from respiratory infections endangers this population.

Methods
A systematic review of all controlled and observational studies assessing interventions targeting the treatment, diagnosis and management of respiratory infections in refugees and immigrants in OECD, EU, EEA and EU-applicant countries published between 2000 and 2019 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYNDEX and the Web of Science.

Results
Nine of 5779 identified unique records met our eligibility criteria. Seven studies reported an increase in vaccine coverage from 2 to 52% after educational multilingual interventions for respiratory-related childhood diseases (4 studies) and for influenza (5 studies). There was limited evidence in one study that hand sanitiser reduced rates of upper respiratory infections and when provided together with face masks also the rates of influenza-like-illness in a hard to reach migrant neighbourhood. In outbreak situations of vaccine-preventable diseases, secondary cases and outbreak hazards were reduced by general vaccination strategies early after arrival but not by serological testing after exposure (1 study). We identified evidence gaps regarding interventions assessing housing standards, reducing burden of bacterial pneumonia and implementation of operational standards in refugee care and reception centres.

Conclusions
Multilingual health literacy interventions should be considered to increase uptake of vaccinations in refugees and immigrants. Immediate vaccinations upon arrival at refugee housings may reduce secondary infections and outbreaks. Well-designed controlled studies on housing and operational standards in refugee and immigrant populations early after arrival as well as adequate ways to gain informed consent for early vaccinations in mass housings is required to inform guidelines.
Clinical, surgical characteristics and long-term outcomes of lumbar hernia
Authors: Shen Chaoyong , Zhang Guixiang , Zhang Sen , Yin Yuan , Zhang Bo , Song Yinghan , Lei Wenzhang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background/Aim
Lumbar hernia is caused by a defect in the abdominal wall. Due to its rarity, there is no established consensus on optimal treatment for lumbar hernia yet. Thus, we here investigated the clinical, surgical characteristics and outcomes of lumbar hernia by collecting 28 such patients from our hospital.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with lumbar hernia from our institution between April 2011 and August 2020 were retrospectively collected in this study. Demographics, clinical characteristics and surgical information were recorded.

Results
A consecutive series of 28 patients with lumbar hernia were retrospectively collected, including 13 males (46%) and 15 females (54%). The ages of the patients ranged from 5 to 79 years (median: 55 years), with a mean age of 55.6 ± 14.9 years. A total of 7 cases had a history of previous lumbar trauma or surgery. There were 11 (39%), 15 (54%) and 2 (7.1%) cases had right, left and bilateral lumbar hernia, respectively. Superior and inferior lumbar hernia were found in 25 (89%) and 3 (11%) patients. General anesthesia was adopted in 16 cases (group A), whereas 12 patients received local anesthesia (group B). Patients in the group B had a shorter hospital stay than that of the group A (3.5 ± 1.3 days vs. 7.1 ± 3.2 days, p = 0.001), as well as total hospitalization expenses between the two groups (2989 ± 1269 dollars vs. 1299 ± 229 dollars, p < 0.001). With a median follow-up duration of 45.9 months (range: 1–113 months), only 1 (3%) lumbar hernias recurred for the entire cohort.

Conclusions
Lumbar hernia is a relatively rare entity, and inferior lumbar hernia is rarer. It is feasible to repair lumbar hernia under local anesthesia.
TIPE2 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced phenotype switching in airway smooth muscle cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Huiyuan , Zhong Bo , Geng Yan , Hao Juanjuan , Jin Qiaoyan , Zhang Yang , Dong Lijuan , Gao Dan , Li Jing , Hou Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Childhood asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) has been found to be involved in the progression of asthma. This study aimed to explore the role of TIPE2 in the regulation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), which are one of the main effector cells in the development of asthma.

Materials and methods
ASMCs were transfected with pcDNA3.0-TIPE2 or si-TIPE2 for 48 h and then treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Cell proliferation of ASMCs was measured using the MTT assay. Cell migration of ASMCs was determined by a transwell assay. The mRNA expression levels of calponin and smooth muscle protein 22α (SM22α) were measured using qRT-PCR. The levels of TIPE2, calponin, SM22α, PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt were detected by Western blotting.

Results
Our results showed that PDGF-BB treatment significantly reduced TIPE2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in ASMCs. Overexpression of TIPE2 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced ASMC proliferation and migration. In addition, overexpression of TIPE2 increased the expression of calponin and SM22α in PDGF-BB-stimulated ASMCs. However, an opposite effect was observed with TIPE2 knockdown. Furthermore, TIPE2 overexpression blocked PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, whereas the expression of p-PI3K and p-Akt were aggravated by TIPE2 knockdown. Additionally, the effects of TIPE2 overexpression and TIPE2 knockdown were altered by IGF-1 and LY294002 treatments, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that TIPE2 inhibits PDGF-BB-induced ASMC proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, TIPE2 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.