bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust model predictive control for hypersonic vehicle with state‐dependent input constraints and parameter uncertainty
Authors: Hu Chaofang , Yang Xiaohe , Wei Xiaofang , Hu Yongtai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, a robust model predictive control strategy based on sum‐of‐squares (SOS‐RMPC) is proposed for hypersonic vehicle with state‐dependent input constraints and uncertain parameters. Based on feedback linearization model of hypersonic vehicle, the polytopic linear parameter varying error model with bounded disturbance is established for reference trajectory tracking. The real limits of the actual control inputs are transformed into the constraints of the virtual inputs equivalently with the state‐dependent nonlinear functions. Further, the multivariate linear fitting is used to approximate the state‐dependent input constraints into polynomials. A weighted composite virtual control is formulated as the combination of unconstrained control and auxiliary control. SOS technique is introduced to cast the polynomial constraints into the convex matrix SOS conditions via linear matrix inequality. The virtual control law can be obtained by solving a SOS‐RMPC convex optimization with infinite horizon. The invariant set is designed for the undisturbed error states and the norm‐bounding theory is applied to ensure that the predictive error states with disturbance can remain in the same invariant set. The real control law is obtained by inverse control. The simulation verifies the performance of the designed controller.
Choked out: Battling invasive giant cane along the Rio Grande/Bravo Borderlands
Authors: Briggs Mark K. , Poulos Helen M. , Renfrow Jeffrey , Ochoa‐Espinoza Javier , Larson David , Manning Patricia , Sirotnak Joseph , Crawford Kelon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlong the U.S.‐Mexico border, an aggressive non‐native grass, giant cane (Arundo donax), grows in dense, nearly impenetrable stands along hundreds of kilometers of the Rio Grande/Bravo (RGB). Between 2008 and 2018, a diverse, multisector binational‐team repeatedly treated giant cane with prescribed fire and herbicide along 90 km of this binational river to restore aquatic and riparian habitat and native plant community composition. The large geographic scale, binational management response, treatment methods used, and development of a long‐term monitoring program to quantify treatment impacts on the RGB's riparian plant community underscore the unique aspects of this effort. Results of this decade‐long management experiment indicate that (i) the combination of a primary treatment of giant cane (using prescribed fire followed 4–6 weeks later by herbicide treatment of regrowth) and a secondary treatment (spot treatment of regrowth one or more years following primary treatment) was effective in reducing the extent and distribution of giant cane at relatively low cost, (ii) giant cane re‐establishment following treatment is often not rapid, nor dramatic; and (iii) as revealed by analysis of riparian vegetation monitoring data, eradication of dense stands of giant cane have fostered significant and long‐term reduction in giant cane cover and recovery of native woody riparian plant taxa. Important caveats to the long‐term viability of managing giant cane hinge on better understanding the consequences of herbicide use, securing funding to cover the cost of re‐treatment, and continuing river flow management focused on promoting the recovery of native riparian obligate plants over non‐natives.
Combinatorial and stochastic properties of ranked tree‐child networks
Authors: Bienvenu François , Lambert Amaury , Steel Mike 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTree‐child networks are a class of directed acyclic graphs that have recently risen to prominence in phylogenetics. Although these networks have numerous, attractive mathematical properties, many combinatorial questions concerning them remain intractable. We show that endowing tree‐child networks with a biologically relevant ranking structure yields mathematically tractable objects, which we term ranked tree‐child networks (RTCNs). We derive explicit enumerative formulas and explain how to sample RTCNS uniformly at random. We study the properties of uniform RTCNs, including: lengths of random walks between root and leaves; distribution of number of cherries in the network; and sampling RTCNs conditional on displaying a given tree. We also formulate a conjecture regarding the scaling limit of the process counting the number of lineages in the ancestry of a leaf. The main idea in this paper, namely using ranking as a way to achieve combinatorial tractability, may also extend to other classes of networks.
A study of detection of abnormal network traffic: A comparison of multiple algorithms
Authors: Li Yanting 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe detection of abnormal traffic in networks is of great value for maintaining network security. This article gives a brief introduction of abnormal traffic and compares the performance of three algorithms, the support vector domain description algorithm, the gradient boosting decision tree algorithm, and the extreme learning machine‐k‐nearest neighbor (ELM‐KNN) algorithm. Experiments were carried out on the NSL‐KDD dataset. It was found that the accuracies of the three algorithms were 0.8327, 0.8679, and 0.9468, the recall rates were 0.6764, 0.7236, and 0.8997, the F1‐scores were 0.7898, 0.8364, and 0.9578, and the false alarm rates were 0.3236, 0.2764, and 0.1003. The running time of the ELM‐KNN algorithm was far less than the other two algorithms. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the ELM‐KNN algorithm in abnormal network traffic detection. The ELM‐KNN algorithm can be further promoted and applied in practice.
Analytic results for two-loop planar master integrals for Bhabha scattering
Authors: Duhr Claude , Smirnov Vladimir A. , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We analytically evaluate the master integrals for the second type of planar contributions to the massive two-loop Bhabha scattering in QED using differential equations with canonical bases. We obtain results in terms of multiple polylogarithms for all the master integrals but one, for which we derive a compact result in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms. As a byproduct, we also provide a compact analytic result in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms for an integral belonging to the first family of planar Bhabha integrals, whose computation in terms of polylogarithms was addressed previously in the literature.
Relationship between malnutrition and the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Sánchez-Torralvo Francisco José , Contreras-Bolívar Victoria , Ruiz-Vico María , Abuín-Fernández José , González-Almendros Inmaculada , Barrios Manuel , Olveira Gabriel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Anxiety and depression are a common issue in patients with cancer, yet understudied among hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptomatology in cancer inpatients and its relationship with malnutrition.

Methods
Cross-sectional study in hospitalized cancer patients. A nutritional assessment was done using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria to diagnose malnutrition. Data regarding anxiety and depression symptomatology was obtained with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Results
A total of 282 inpatients were assessed. GLIM criteria found 20% (66) of well-nourished and 80% (216) with malnutrition. HADS presented an average score of 8.3 ± 4.4 with respect to anxiety and an average score of 7.7 ± 4.6 with respect to depression. Up to 54% of the patients showed a possible presence of anxiety, and 45.3% of them showed a possible presence of depression. In malnourished patients, HADS score was non-significantly higher with respect to anxiety (8.5 ± 4.3 in malnourished vs 7.1 ± 4.6 in well-nourished; p = 0.06) and was significantly higher with respect to depression (8.2 ± 4.6 in malnourished vs 5.3 ± 4.0 in well-nourished; p < 0.001). After controlling for potential confounders, malnourished patients were 1.98 times more likely to present anxious symptomatology (95% CI 1.01–3.98; p = 0.049) and 6.29 times more likely to present depressive symptomatology (95% CI 1.73–20.47; p = 0.005).

Conclusions
The presence of anxiety and depression symptomatology in oncological inpatients is high. There is an association between malnutrition and presenting anxious and depressive symptomatology in hospitalized cancer patients.
Associations between changes in behavioral difficulties and levels of problematic smartphone use in adolescents over a 1-year period
Authors: Poulain Tanja , Vogel Mandy , Kliesener Tobias , Kiess Wieland 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The present longitudinal study investigates associations between changes in externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and changes in problematic smartphone usage within the same 1-year period in healthy adolescents.

Methods
The project is part of the LIFE Child cohort study conducted in Leipzig, Germany. Ten- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 363) provided information on behavioral difficulties [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)], the duration of daily smartphone use, and symptoms of smartphone addiction [Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS)] at two consecutive study visits, t1 and t2 (1 year after t1). In the first of two analysis phases, we applied linear regression analyses to assess cross-sectional associations between externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties and the duration of smartphone use and symptoms of smartphone addiction (at t1 and t2). In the second, we assessed associations between the changes measured in these variables over the period of a year. All associations were adjusted for age, sex, and soci-economic status.

Results
Children who reported prolonged periods of smartphone use or more symptoms of smartphone addiction exhibited significantly higher levels of externalizing and internalizing behavioral difficulties at t1 and t2. Further, children who increased their usage or developed addiction symptoms between t1 and t2 also developed more externalizing behavioral difficulties. We found the same tendencies in regard to internalizing behavioral difficulties, although the associations did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions
The present findings suggest that externalizing behavioral difficulties and problematic smartphone use are mutually dependent in the long term.
EZB-Schuldverschreibungen — neue Verwendung für ein altes Instrument?
Authors: Hansen Arne , Meyer Dirk 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungAls Reaktion auf die Corona-Krise haben die Notenbanken des Eurosystems ihre Anleihekäufe im Rahmen des APP-Programms weiter aufgestockt und um das PEPP-Programm erweitert. Diese im Zusammenspiel mit weiteren Maßnahmen der „außergewöhnlichen Geldpolitik“ geschaffene zusätzliche Liquidität müsste bei anhaltend höherem Inflationsdruck zurückgeführt werden. Als eine Neutralisierung auf dem Entstehungsweg wäre ein umfänglicher Verkauf von Anleihebeständen naheliegend. Mit den resultierenden Kursverlusten gingen allerdings abschreibungsbedingte Instabilitäten im Finanzsektor und insbesondere für Krisenstaaten problematische Zinsanstiege bei Staatsanleihen einher. Der Beitrag analysiert als alternative Möglichkeit die Emission von Schuldverschreibungen durch die EZB zur Liquiditätsabschöpfung.
Competitive trait hierarchies of native communities and invasive propagule pressure consistently predict invasion success during grassland establishment
Authors: Rojas-Botero Sandra , Kollmann Johannes , Teixeira Leonardo H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvasive non-native plants challenge ecosystems restoration, and understanding the factors that determine the establishment of invasive plants is crucial to improve restoration outcomes. However, the drivers of invasibility of plant communities are not sufficiently clear, and combined effects are not understood. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the main drivers of invasion success during early phases of restoration, i.e., biotic resistance, invasive propagule pressure, and environmental fluctuations. We compared the contribution of these drivers in a series of mesocosms experiments using designed grasslands as a model system, and Solidago gigantea as invasive model species. Two grassland communities were designed according to competitive trait hierarchies with different sowing patterns, reflecting variation in biotic resistance. We then manipulated invader propagule pressure and applied different scenarios of environmental fluctuation, i.e., flood, heat, and N fertilization. Invasive biomass was considered as proxy for invasion success, while native biomass represented restoration success. There were consistent effects of biotic resistance to S. gigantea invasion via competitive trait hierarchies in the three experiments. Communities dominated by species with high-competition traits were more resistant regardless of environmental fluctuation. Clumped seeding of the native community reduced invasibility, whereas high non-native propagule density increased invasion. The effects of environmental fluctuation were less consistent and context-dependent, thus playing a secondary role when compared to biotic drivers of invasion. Restoration initiatives on grasslands impacted by invasive plants should consider biotic resistance of the restored community as a key driver and the importance of controlling further arrivals of invasive species during community assembly.
Two categorial issues of degree constructions in Mandarin
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis squib argues against Yiwen Zhang’s (J East Asian Linguist 29:393–434, 2020) adjective analysis of the Mandarin word you ‘have’ to the left of a gradable noun, as in you yongqi ‘have courage’, showing that it is a verbal element. It also shows that for a gradable predicate of any category, if the question under discussion is about a comparison of individuals with respect to a gradable property, the degree word hen ‘very’ is banned; if the question under discussion is about the content of a gradable property of an individual, hen must occur; and finally, if the question under discussion is not about either of the two above, hen is optional.
Host Plant Constancy in Ovipositing Manduca sexta
Authors: Nataraj Nandita , Adam Elisabeth , Hansson Bill S. , Knaden Markus 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany pollinating insects exhibit flower constancy, i.e. they target flower species they have already experienced and fed from. While the insects might profit from reduced handling costs when revisiting similar flowers, flower constancy, in addition, is of benefit for the plants as it guarantees pollen transfer to conspecifics. Here we investigate whether the previous experience of an insect can also result in oviposition constancy, i.e. whether ovipositing on a given plant species will drive future oviposition preference in a female insect. We show that female hawkmoths (Manduca sexta), after having oviposited on a given plant species only once, indeed will prefer this plant in future oviposition choices. As oviposition preference is even affected 24 h after the moth has oviposited on a given plant, long term memory seems to be involved in this oviposition constancy. Our data furthermore suggest that, as shown for flower constancy, ovipositing moths increase their handling efficiency by targeting those host plants they have already experienced.
Meifuite, A New Ferrous Phyllosilicate Mineral With Modulated Tetrahedral Sheets Similar to Minnesotaite
Authors: Jin Shiyun , Li Xiaochun , Hobbs Franklin , Guggenheim Stephen , Xu And Huifang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new ferrous phyllosilicate, meifuite, has been discovered in the Yinachang Fe-Cu-REE (rare-earth element) deposit in China. The structural formula, calculated using averaged electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) results, is K0.72Na0.20(Fe5.56Mg0.31Mn0.13)Σ6.00(Si6.95Al1.04)Σ7.99O18.84(OH)4.84 Cl1.33, with an ideal formula of KFe6(AlSi7)O19(OH)4Cl2. The structure of meifuite has a P1¯ space group symmetry, with unit-cell parameters of a = 22.7773(13) Å, b = 9.5553(5) Å, c =14.3282(8) Å, α = 99.258(4)°, β = 136.750(3)°, γ = 89.899(4)°, Z = 2, and V = 2077.9(2) Å3. Meifuite has a strip-modulated 2:1 layer (T–O–T) structure similar to that of minnesotaite. About 1/8 of the tetrahedra in the T sheet are occupied by Al instead of Si, and the interlayer cavities are partially occupied by K and Na. Some of the OH sites in the octahedral sheet in the layer structure are fully or partially substituted by Cl, which is apparently the primary reason for the meifuite structure being more stable than stilpnomelane, the most common ferrous layer silicate mineral found at similar temperature and pressure conditions. An updated, more accurate structure model of minnesotaite is also provided for comparison with the meifuite structure. The mineral is named after Meifu Zhou in honor of his outstanding contributions to the field of economic geology.
The False Promise of Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016?
Authors: Kneebone Susan , Missbach Antje , Jones Balawyn 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this Introduction, Indonesia’s approach towards refugee protection is contextualized historically and regionally in light of the enactment of Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees (PR). In particular, we describe the legal and policy framework for refugee protection in Indonesia and analyze its underlying norms and values, including the constitutional right to asylum. We explain how the legal framework competes with Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, which facilitates a discretionary, securitized, and ‘humanitarian’ approach to refugee policy, which is inconsistent with Indonesia’s legal responsibilities. In conclusion, we assess both the challenges and opportunities provided by the PR.
Neuropsychiatric manifestations in a patient with prolonged COVID-19 encephalopathy: case report and literature review
Authors: O’Leary J. , McAndrew J. , Shukralla A. , Murphy K.C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile the respiratory complications of COVID-19 infection are now well known, psychiatric manifestations are an emerging issue. We report a case of prolonged encephalopathy secondary to COVID-19 which was associated with prominent neuropsychiatric features. The patient went on to develop sub-clinical seizures, a rare but recognised complication of SARS-CoV-2.
Amsassia(calcareous alga) from the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) of western Newfoundland, and the biologic affinity and geologic history of the genus
Authors: Lee Dong-Jin , Elias Robert J. , Pratt Brian R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModular coral-like fossils from Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) thrombolitic mounds in the St. George Group of western Newfoundland were initially identified asLichenariaand thought to include the earliest tabulate corals. They are here assigned toAmsassia terranovensisn. sp. andAmsassia? sp. A from the Watts Bight Formation, andA.diversan. sp. andAmsassia? sp. B from the overlying Boat Harbour Formation.Amsassia terranovensisn. sp. andA.argentinafrom the Argentine Precordillera are the earliest representatives of the genus.Amsassiais considered to be a calcareous alga, possibly representing an extinct group of green algae. The genus originated and began to disperse in the Tremadocian, during the onset of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, on the southern margin of Laurentia and the Cuyania Terrane. It inhabited small, shallow-marine reefal mounds constructed in association with microbes. The paleogeographic range ofAmsassiaexpanded in the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) to include the Sino-Korean Block, as well as Laurentia, and its environmental range expanded to include non-reefal, open- and restricted-marine settings.Amsassiaattained its greatest diversity and paleogeographic extent in the Late Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian), during the culmination of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. Its range included the South China Block, Tarim Block, Kazakhstan, and Siberia, as well as the Sino-Korean Block and Laurentia, and its affinity for small microbial mounds continued during that time. In the latest Ordovician (Hirnantian), the diversity ofAmsassiawas reduced, its distribution was restricted to non-reefal environments in South China, and it finally disappeared during the end-Ordovician mass extinction.UUID:http://zoobank.org/ef0abb69-10a6-46de-8c78-d6ec7de185fe
On Disinformation, Elections and Ethiopian Law
Authors: Yilma Kinfe Micheal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDisinformation has become a formidable challenge to the integrity of electoral processes as well as the internal political stability of many countries. This state of affairs has spurred a wave of new regulatory measures in several countries. From stringent rules governing dissemination of political advertisements via social media platforms to media literacy programmes, the past few years saw the introduction of legislative and non-legislative measures in many jurisdictions. Ethiopia is no exception in introducing measures to address the problem. This article examines Ethiopia's policy responses towards addressing the impact of disinformation on the integrity and credibility of elections. It argues that measures taken thus far in Ethiopia appear to address the impact of disinformation on national security and social harmony. As such, Ethiopia has not taken tailored measures to address the impact of disinformation on its democratic aspirations, particularly in holding free, fair and democratic elections.
Heterotaxy – Res ipsos loquitur
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Spicer Diane E. , Loomba Rohit , Krishna Mani Ram , Tretter Justin T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe essence of so-called heterotaxy is the potential disharmony between the arrangement of the bronchuses, abdominal organs, and the atrial appendages. Accurate description of the heart, however, can only be provided by specific description of these features, all of which are readily discernible in the clinical setting. We argue that, when accurate description of the atrial and visceral arrangement is provided, along with appropriate description of the intracardiac findings, no further accuracy is gained by suggesting that an individual heart is “heterotaxic”.
Newborns physiological differences in low- and high-altitude settings of Ecuador
Authors: Asas-Jinde Mayra , González-Andrade Fabricio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNewborns show physiological differences in low- and high-altitude settings of Ecuador; those differences are especially relevant because most important cities in Ecuador are located at high altitude, above 2500 m. This study is an epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional research performed at San Francisco Hospital in Quito (at 2850 m) and General Hospital in Manta (at 6 m) in the Manabí province. We studied 204 full-term newborns, healthy without any prenatal comorbidities, singleton pregnancy, mestizos, and born of healthy parents born. We found significant differences between the values of red blood cells (RBC), leucocytes, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. There was a difference of 27% more in RBC, 3% at hematocrit, and 0.4 g at hemoglobin in the high-altitude cohort. The leucocyte difference is 1270 cells/µl, which means a difference of 6%. At high-altitude settings, the mean pH was lower than normal values and pO2, pCO2,and HCO3. High-altitude newborns showed RBC of > 4,500,000 cells/µl; leukocytes > 19,000; pO2≤ 72 mm Hg; hemoglobin > 17.50 g/dl; and hematocrit > 54%. Both cohorts showed physiological changes of transition to extrauterine life. We observed higher polycythemia, respiratory acidosis, and hypoxemia among high-altitude newborns. High-altitude setting intensifies the physiological changes in hematological and arterial blood gases parameters.