bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submerged macrophytes benefit from lanthanum modified bentonite treatment under juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish disturbance: Implications for shallow lake restoration
Authors: Han Yanqing , Zhang You , Li Qisheng , Lürling Miquel , Li Wei , He Hu , Gu Jiao , Li Kuanyi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The re‐establishment of submerged macrophytes is crucial in shallow lake restoration transforming a turbid into a clear water system, but it might be inhibited by juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish. These fishes disturb the sediment, and even uproot new sprouts, creating turbid water through sediment resuspension and release of nutrients stored in the sediment. Lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB), an in‐situ capping material, can immobilise phosphate and consolidate sediments, potentially weakening the negative effects of juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish.

We hypothesised that applying LMB would improve water quality and promote the growth of submerged macrophytes by eliminating or weakening the increase of suspended solids, nutrient concentration, and algal reproduction due to juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish disturbance. To test our hypothesis, a two‐by‐two factorial mesocosm experiment with two densities of juvenile crucian carp (absence and 10 g/m3) and two doses of LMB (absence and 800 g/m2) was conducted.

Juvenile crucian carp significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of the macrophyte Vallisneria natans by reducing the underwater light and direct effects such as uprooting. No significant inhibition or promotion by LMB on the growth of V. natans in the absence of juvenile crucian carp was observed. However, LMB significantly inhibited the fish‐induced sediment resuspension and nutrients increases. Consequently, algal production was reduced and underwater light conditions were improved, which promoted the growth and reproduction of V. natans, e.g., more ramets, biomass, and leaves of V. natans.

Our results indicated that submerged macrophytes could benefit from LMB application under high intensity disturbance by juvenile omni‐benthivorous fish, thereby conducive to the maintenance of a clear water state in shallow lakes.
Precipitation effects on nematode diversity and carbon footprint across grasslands
Authors: Franco André L. C. , Guan Pingting , Cui Shuyan , de Tomasel Cecilia M. , Gherardi Laureano A. , Sala Osvaldo E. , Wall Diana H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFree‐living nematodes are one of the most diverse metazoan taxa in terrestrial ecosystems and are critical to the global soil carbon (C) cycling through their role in organic matter decomposition. They are highly dependent on water availability for movement, feeding, and reproduction. Projected changes in precipitation across temporal and spatial scales will affect free‐living nematodes and their contribution to C cycling with unforeseen consequences. We experimentally reduced and increased growing season precipitation for 2 years in 120 field plots at arid, semiarid, and mesic grasslands and assessed precipitation controls on nematode genus diversity, community structure, and C footprint. Increasing annual precipitation reduced nematode diversity and evenness over time at all sites, but the mechanism behind these temporal responses differed for dry and moist grasslands. In arid and semiarid sites, there was a loss of drought‐adapted rare taxa with increasing precipitation, whereas in mesic conditions increases in the population of predaceous taxa with increasing precipitation may have caused the observed reductions in dominant colonizer taxa and yielded the negative precipitation–diversity relationship. The effects of temporal changes in precipitation on all aspects of the nematode C footprint (respiration, production, and biomass C) were all dependent on the site (significant spatial × temporal precipitation interaction) and consistent with diversity responses at mesic, but not at arid and semiarid, grasslands. These results suggest that free‐living nematode biodiversity and their C footprint will respond to climate change‐driven shifts in water availability and that more frequent extreme wet years may accelerate decomposition and C turnover in semiarid and arid grasslands.
Social frailty is independently associated with geriatric depression among older adults living in northern Japan: A cross‐sectional study of ORANGE registry
Authors: Kume Yu , Kodama Ayuto , Takahashi Tomoko , Lee Sangyoon , Makizako Hyuma , Ono Tsuyosi , Shimada Hiroyuki , Ota Hidetaka 
Published: December 2021

AimTo clarify prevalence of social frailty among older adults living in a rural Japanese community, and factors associated with social frailty status.MethodsIn total, 322 adults aged ≥65 years living in a Japanese rural community took part in the study from 2018 to 2020. Social frailty was defined as deficiencies of: (i) living alone; (ii) talking with someone every day; (iii) feeling helpful to friends or family; (iv) going out less frequently compared with last year; and (v) visiting friends sometimes. Social frail status was categorized as robust (0), social prefrail (1), and social frail (≥2), according to the summated score of Makizako's criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to clarify factors associated with social frailty status.ResultsFinal samples were classified into 68 persons with social frailty, 98 persons with social prefrailty and 147 persons as robust. We observed the prevalence of social frailty (21.7%) and social prefrailty (31.3%) and the GDS‐15 had significantly high scores in the social frail groups. Social frailty was significantly associated with the GDS‐15 score (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19–1.49) and TMT‐A (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08) and GDS‐15 (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.26) were extracted as independent variables of social prefrail status, with adjustment for demographics, polypharmacy and lifestyle‐related diseases.ConclusionsOur results suggest that social frailty tends to be increasing gradually in a Japanese rural area, and social prefrailty might be potentially associated with attentional function, as well as the GDS‐15 score. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 145–151.
Fluoride concentration in dentifrices marketed In Argentina
Authors: Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Sorazabal Ana Laura , Salgado Pablo Andres , Argentieri Angela Beatriz , Squassi Aldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the different forms of fluoride available in dentifrices commercialized in Argentina.MethodsThirty three different brands of fluoridated dentifrices were purchased in different cities of Argentina. The total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF) of two samples of each brand were analysed (μg F/ml) by ion‐specific fluorine electrodes.ResultsA total of 67% of dentifrices showed fluoride content that compromises anti‐caries activity. A total of 54.5% was formulated with sodium fluoride (NaF), 36.3% formulated with sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP), 3% NaF associated with MFP and 9% formulated with stannous fluoride (SnF2). The TF found was less than the amount declared by the manufacturer in all the brands analysed. The concentration of TF found in the fluoride dentifrices ranged from 590.3 to 1381.4 μg/ml F, TSF ranged from 343.1 to 1258.3 μg/ml F, and IF ranged from 13.1 to 913 μg/ml F.ConclusionThe concentrations of TF were below the reported values. TSF and IF were lower than the total fluoride concentration. Most of the samples studied have TSF concentration that compromises anti‐caries effect. Additional studies with a larger number of samples are suggested to obtain more data.
Rapid screening of dengue fever using research parameters from new generation hematological analyzers
Authors: Chhabra Gaurav , Das Bismay , Mishra Shruti , Mishra Baijayantimala 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe early diagnosis of dengue fever and its differentiation from other causes of acute febrile illness is essential for a better outcome. The new generation automated hematology analyzers provide parameters like high fluorescence lymphocyte count (HFLC) and leukocyte cell population data (CPD) representing various leukocytes. We tried to analyze the utility of these parameters in the rapid screening of dengue fever.MethodsThe HFLC and the leukocytic CPD from the Sysmex XN1000 analyzer were obtained for 299 cases presenting with acute febrile illness, which included 97 dengue‐positive and 202 cases dengue‐negative controls. Additionally, 100 healthy controls were also included. The Receiver operative curves (ROC) were drawn to obtain a cut‐off value for these parameters for discriminating among the dengue‐positive and dengue‐negative subgroups and healthy controls.ResultsThe dengue‐positive cases showed a significantly increased HFLC among the different groups of controls. The median (range) HFLC% was 1.9(0.30–6.55), 0.20(0.10–0.70), and 0.10(0.0–0.30) in the cases that were positive for dengue, negative for dengue, and healthy controls, respectively. The ROC analysis revealed HFLC% at a cut‐off value of 1.75 which can discriminate between dengue‐positive and dengue‐negative patients, with 52% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 72% positive predictive value (PPV), and 80% negative predictive value (NPV). The regression analysis revealed LY‐X, LY‐Z, Ly‐WX, LY‐WZ, and MO‐X as independent predictors for dengue fever.ConclusionThe HFLC and CPD obtained from Sysmex XN1000 hematology analyzer are valuable tools in rapidly screening dengue infection from other febrile illnesses in routine practice.
Effect of treatment modality on quality of life among patients with urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Nowroozi Ali , Abbasi Behzad , Amini Erfan , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Moghadam Solmaz Ohadian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBladder cancer is the second malignancies of the urinary system and negatively affect the patient's quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL of patients with urinary bladder cancer in terms of physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects. From January 2019 to December 2020, a cross‐sectional survey was accomplished using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire to assess QoL of bladder cancer patients in terms of physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects. A multiple linear regression model was developed to assess the associations of clinical and demographic variables and treatment modalities with the QoL domains. No statistically difference between age, and comorbidities (i.e., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and body mass index) and the patients' QoL was observed. There was a significant direct correlation between QoL and health satisfaction (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Neither overall QoL nor satisfaction of health status were correlated with the use of urostomy (p = 0.589 and 0.436, respectively), and domain scores of patients with urostomy were comparable to those without, in all four domains. None of the treatments were associated with a variation in the environment score. Patients who only underwent trans‐urethral resection of bladder tumour had statistically higher scores in the other three domains (i.e., physical, psychological and social relations), while scores of patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) were significantly lower in those domains. Patients who received either chemotherapy or radiotherapy did not differ in any of the domains from those who did not. To conclude, according to the results, the patient‐related factors (e.g., age and comorbidities) were not associated with the individuals' QoL of bladder cancer patients, while disease‐related factors—namely tumour grading and treatment modality—gained statistical significance. Moreover, we found that different QoL domains (physical health and psychological in specific) were highly correlated in our study population.
Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive candidiasis in haematology, oncology and intensive care settings, 2021
Authors: Keighley Caitlin , Cooley Louise , Morris Arthur J. , Ritchie David , Clark Julia E. , Boan Peter , Worth Leon J. ,   the Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatients with haematological malignancies, haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and patients requiring admission to intensive care settings are at high risk for invasive candidiasis (IC). Over the past decade, there has been increased reporting of non‐albicans species and fluconazole resistance in Australia. These guidelines provide updated evidence‐based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of IC in adult and paediatric haematology, oncology and intensive care settings. Optimal pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management are discussed. Recent studies strengthen the recommendation for an echinocandin agent as first‐line therapy for high‐risk patients with IC. Mortality benefit has also been demonstrated for non‐pharmacological management, including removal of central venous catheters, infectious diseases consultation and use of care bundles. Healthcare facilities managing immunocompromised patient populations should therefore adopt implementation strategies for these multimodal interventions.
Psychological experiences of caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with substance use disorder attending a youth centre in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Njoki Lydia Nyaga , Mageto Irene G. , Kivuti‐Bitok Lucy W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCaregivers, whether a biological parent, adoptive parent, or a relative such as a grandparent, of adolescent with substance use disorder (SUD) undergo immense psychological and social strains, as they have to deal with substance habituated issues arising from their adolescent child. Caregivers often encounter many untold experiences while parenting adolescents on substance use. However, there is limited documentation of such experiences. A remarkable proportion of research has focused on adolescent substance use and the experiences of adolescents, whereas little attention has been paid to caregivers. This study explored the psychological experiences of caregivers of adolescents diagnosed with SUD. This was a qualitative study based on in‐depth interviews with 18 caregivers of adolescents with SUD conducted at a Youth Centre located in a national referral hospital and focused on the caregivers’ psychological experiences. Data collected through in‐depth interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. Recurrent themes were analysed and reported. The study identified several themes in the experiences of caregivers of adolescents with SUDs. The main psychological experience was stress, whereas lasting psychological effects as well as difficult social outcomes as a result of substance use by the adolescent child were also identified. This study revealed the complex landscape of psychological turmoil that the caregivers have to navigate while caring for an adolescent diagnosed with SUD.
The specific inhibition of glycerol synthesis and the phosphorylation of a putative Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase give insight into the mechanism of osmotic sensing in a dinoflagellate symbiont
Authors: Suescún‐Bolívar Luis P. , Thomé Patricia E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSignaling pathways are fundamental for the establishment and maintenance of diverse symbioses. The symbiosis of cnidarians and dinoflagellate algae is the foundation for the ecological success of coral reefs, involving the transfer of photosynthetic products from the symbiont to host. However, signal transduction pathways for this symbiosis remain uncharacterized. Cultured and natural cnidarian symbionts can produce glycerol, one of the main translocated photosynthates. Here, we investigate whether a signal transduction pathway may be involved in inducing glycerol synthesis in cultured symbionts under an osmotic stress model. We evaluated the effect of specific inhibitors of the main transduction pathways, p38, JNK, and ERK 1/2 in Brevolium minutum, the symbiont of the Aiptasia model system. We found that glycerol production and the specific activity of the enzyme Gpdh were selectively inhibited by a p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) inhibitor. Additionally, the phosphorylation of a putative p38‐like protein was rapidly detected. Finally, we studied the presence of each of the components of the p38 MAPK pathway in silico in genomes and transcriptomes reported up to date for different symbiont types. We propose a model for the arrangement of this pathway in the family of dinoflagellate symbionts known as Symbiodiniaceae.
Framing the time while designing and conducting reviews: A Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Mansutti Irene , Visintini Erica , Caruzzo Davide , Moreale Renzo , Longhini Jessica , Danielis Matteo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo identify the profile of time restrictions and their justifications as reported on a set of published reviews.BackgroundThere is a body of methodological knowledge addressing how to design and perform reviews in their different designs. However, how the time restrictions should be set and the justifications that should be provided have received limited attention to date.DesignA Focused Mapping Review and Synthesis following three steps (Focus, Mapping and Synthesis) was performed on 2021. The ENTREQ checklist was followed to report methods and findings.MethodsAll Journal of Clinical Nursing reviews published in online or printed version on 2020 (n = 85). Time limits imposed in the literature search, and justifications provided were mapped and synthetised with quantitative and a qualitative analysis.ResultsTime restrictions in reviews are not always reported and, when available, reflect three different profiles: (a) including all studies, to provide a comprehensive review; (b) selecting a period, to provide reviews for a contemporary practice; and (b) including only recent studies for reviews reflecting current practice. Reasons justifying time restrictions are not always reported; when documented, justifications regard changes in the practice, in the research or in the theory occurred over time, recent or ongoing.ConclusionsIn exploring the date restrictions applied in reviews published over the course of a year, it emerged that the time of access to the sources and the justifications are not always indicated. The attributes of the emerging concepts of “comprehensive reviews,” “contemporary practice reviews” and “current practice reviews” might be further developed to support researchers in selecting an appropriate time frame.Relevance to clinical practiceReviews require improvements regarding the time restrictions and their justifications. Methodological efforts to standardise the approach ensuring transparency in review protocols and in the following review publication are recommended.
Fine‐tuning of pathogenesis‐related protein 1 (PR1) activity by the melatonin biosynthetic enzyme ASMT2 in defense response to cassava bacterial blight
Authors: Guo Jingru , Bai Yujing , Wei Yunxie , Dong Yabin , Zeng Hongqiu , Reiter Russel J. , Shi Haitao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMelatonin is widely involved in plant disease resistance through modulation of immune responses. Pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins play important roles in plant immune responses. However, the direct association between melatonin biosynthetic enzyme and PR protein remains elusive in plants. In this study, we found that N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2) physically interacted with MePR1 in vitro and in vivo, thereby promoting the anti‐bacterial activity of MePR1 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Consistently, MeASMT2 improved the effect of MePR1 on positively regulating cassava disease resistance. In addition, we found that type 2C protein phosphatase 1 (MePP2C1) interacted with MeASMT2 to interfere with MePR1‐MeASMT2 interaction, so as to inhibiting the effect of MeASMT2 and MePR1 on positively regulating cassava disease resistance. In contrast to the increased transcripts of MeASMT2 and MePR1 in response to Xam infection, the transcript of MePP2C1 was decreased upon Xam infection. Therefore, disease activated MeASMT2 was released from disease inhibited MePP2C1, so as to improving the anti‐bacterial activity of MePR1, resulting in improved immune response. In summary, this study illustrates the dynamic modulation of the MePP2C1‐MeASMT2‐MePR1 module on cassava defense response against cassava bacterial blight (CBB), extending the understanding of the correlation between melatonin biosynthetic enzyme and PR in plants.
Off‐tenofovir hepatitis flares in HBeAg‐negative patients occur earlier, more frequent and severe than those off‐entecavir therapies
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chun , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Peng Chien‐Wei , Chien Rong‐Nan , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsClinical relapse occurs much earlier and more frequently in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after stopping tenofovir (TDF) therapy than those off‐entecavir (ETV). Clinical relapse may subside or progress to hepatitis flare which poses a safety concern. This study compared the incidence, timing and severity of hepatitis flares after stopping TDF and ETV.MethodsHBeAg‐negative CHB patients who had stopped ETV or TDF were included in the study. Off‐therapy hepatitis flare patterns were compared between off‐ETV and off‐TDF patients before and after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsThe off‐therapy hepatitis flares occurred more frequently (2‐year: 58% vs 38%, P < .001) and much earlier (12 vs. 38 weeks, P < .001) in TDF group, with higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (after PSM: 536 vs. 419 U/L, P = .020) and two times rate of hepatic decompensation (4.0% vs. 2.1%, P = .322). The cirrhotic status [aHR: 20.531 (2.645‐159.365), P = .004] and off‐TDF [aHR: 5.530 (1.728‐17.694), P = .004] were two independent predictors for hepatic decompensation.ConclusionsHepatitis flare occurred more frequently, earlier, and more severe in off‐TDF than off‐ETV patients. More stringent off‐therapy monitoring within 6 months off‐TDF is mandatory whereas more attention is needed after 6 months off‐ETV.
Skin microvascular reactivity and subendocardial viability ratio in relation to dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance in non‐diabetic hypertensive patients
Authors: Jekell Andreas , Kalani Majid , Kahan Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance for the development of microvascular dysfunction in non‐diabetic primary hypertension.MethodsSeventy‐one patients with untreated primary hypertension were included. Skin microvascular reactivity was evaluated by laser Doppler fluxmetry with iontophoresis (acetylcholine, ACh and sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and heat‐induced hyperemia. Myocardial microvascular function was estimated by the subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) calculated from pulse wave analysis and applanation tonometry. Triglyceride x glucose (TyG index) and triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio were used as measurements of insulin resistance.ResultsSkin microvascular dysfunction was associated with low HDL cholesterol, where Ach‐mediated peak flux (r = .27, p = .025) and heat‐induced peak flux (r = .29, p = .017) related to HDL cholesterol levels. ACh peak flux was inversely related to TG/HDL ratio (r = –.29, p = .016), while responses to local heating and SNP did not. SEVR did not relate to HDL and was unrelated to markers of insulin resistance. These findings were confirmed by multivariable analyses, including potential confounders.ConclusionsEarly microvascular dysfunction can be detected in non‐diabetic hypertensive patients and is related to dyslipidemia and to signs of insulin resistance, thus predicting future cardiovascular risk.