bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR-155 regulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation and lung injury in abdominal sepsis
Authors: Hawez Avin , Taha Dler , Algaber Anwar , Madhi Raed , Rahman Milladur , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-mediated tissue damage is a hallmark in abdominal sepsis. Under certain conditions, microRNAs (miRs) can regulate protein expression and cellular functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-155 in sepsis-induced NET formation, lung inflammation, and tissue damage. Abdominal sepsis was induced in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and miR-155 gene-deficient mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The amount of DNA–histone complex formation as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and citrullinated histone 3 in neutrophils isolated from bone marrow were examined by ELISA and flow cytometry. NETs were detected by electron microscopy in the septic lung. Levels of PAD4 and citrullinated histone 3 were determined by Western blot in the blood neutrophils. Lung levels of MPO, CXC chemokines, and plasma levels of DNA–histone complexes and CXC chemokines were quantified. In vitro studies revealed that neutrophils from miR-155 gene-deficient mice had less NETs forming ability than WT neutrophils. In the miR-155 gene-deficient mice, CLP yielded much less NETs in the lung tissue compared with WT control. CLP-induced PAD4 levels, histone 3 citrullination, edema, MPO activity, and neutrophil recruitment in the lung were markedly reduced in the mice lacking miR-155. Furthermore, tissue and plasma levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2 were significantly lower in the miR-155 gene-deficient mice compared with WT after induction of abdominal sepsis. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-155 regulates pulmonary formation of NETs in abdominal sepsis via PAD4 up-regulation and histone 3 citrullination. Thus, targeting miR-155 could be a useful target to reduce pulmonary damage in abdominal sepsis.
Sinonasal surgery alters brain structure and function: Neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Whitcroft Katherine L. , Noltus Jan , Andrews Peter , Hummel Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is more common than hearing loss, partial blindness, or blindness and can have a significant impact on the quality of life. Moreover, unexplained OD is an early biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases and increases 5‐year mortality risk. Structural alterations in olfactory eloquent brain regions may represent the neuroanatomical correlates of OD. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced gray matter (GM) volume in areas of presumed olfactory relevance in patients with OD. However, being cross‐sectional in nature, these studies do not provide evidence of causality, for which longitudinal work is required. At present, however, longitudinal studies addressing olfactory structural plasticity are limited, both in number and methodological approach: to our knowledge, such work has not included parallel functional imaging to confirm the relevance of structural change. We therefore performed a longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging study investigating structural and functional plasticity in 24 patients undergoing surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis, compared with 17 healthy controls. We demonstrated functionally significant structural plasticity within the orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate and insular cortices, and temporal poles in patients 3 months after surgery. Of interest, GM volume decreased in these regions, in association with increased psychophysical scores and BOLD signal. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate both structural and functional plasticity of the central olfactory networks, thereby confirming these areas as neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory function/dysfunction.
Audiologic Phenotype and Progression in Pediatric STRC‐Related Autosomal Recessive Hearing Loss
Authors: Simi Andrea , Perry Julia , Schindler Emma , Oza Andrea , Luo Minjie , Hartman Tiffiney , Krantz Ian D. , Germiller John A. , Kawai Kosuke , Kenna Margaret 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesSensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a common sensory deficit affecting pediatric populations. The majority of pediatric SNHL is genetic in etiology, with over 123 identified nonsyndromic causative genes. One such gene is STRC, which has been identified as the second most frequent autosomal recessive nonsyndromic gene associated with SNHL in multiple populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic presentation and incidence of audiologic progression in pediatric patients with STRC‐related hearing loss (HL).MethodsThirty‐nine pediatric patients with confirmed HL and biallelic pathogenic STRC mutations were identified at two pediatric hospitals. A retrospective chart review was completed including demographics, medical history, genetic testing results, and audiologic data. HL progression was assessed using air conduction thresholds from pure‐tone audiograms and auditory brain stem responses, and masked bone conduction thresholds from pure‐tone audiograms.ResultsThirty‐six patients had homozygous STRC deletions. Three were compound heterozygotes. All patients had bilateral, symmetric SNHL. Baseline HL was mild in 39% of ears, moderate in 52%, and moderate‐severe in 3%. Of the 31 patients for which sufficient data were available to evaluate progression, 18 (58%) had some degree of progressive HL. Among these 31 patients assessed for progression, the mean hearing threshold declined by 0.6 dB per year (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.8; P < .001).ConclusionsThese biallelic STRC patients displayed HL ranging from mild to moderate‐severe at baseline and progressing in 58%. The variability of the STRC phenotype and the possibility of audiologic progression should be considered in the clinical management of pediatric STRC‐related SNHL.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2897–E2903, 2021
Proteomic Characterization of Senescent Laryngeal Adductor and Plantaris Hindlimb Muscles
Authors: Shembel Adrianna C. , Kanshin Evgeny , Ueberheide Beatrix , Johnson Aaron M. 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesThe goals of this study were to 1) compare global protein expression in muscles of the larynx and hindlimb and 2) investigate differences in protein expression between aged and nonaged muscle using label‐free global proteomic profiling methods.MethodsLiquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis was performed on thyroarytenoid intrinsic laryngeal muscle and plantaris hindlimb muscle from 10 F344xBN F1 male rats (5 old and 5 young). Protein expression was compared and pathway enrichment analysis performed for each muscle type (larynx and limb) and age group (old and young muscle).ResultsOver 1,000 proteins were identified in common across both muscle types and age groups using LC‐MS/MS analysis. Significant age‐related differences were seen across 107 proteins in plantaris hindlimb and in 19 proteins in thyroarytenoid laryngeal muscle. Bioinformatic and enrichment analysis demonstrated protein differences between the hindlimb and larynx may relate to immune and stress redox responses and RNA repair.ConclusionThere are clear differences in protein expressions between the laryngeal and hindlimb skeletal muscles. Initial analysis suggests differences between the two muscle groups may relate to stress responses and repair mechanisms. Age‐related changes in the thyroarytenoid appear to be less obvious than in the plantaris. Further in‐depth study is needed to elucidate how aging affects protein expression in the laryngeal muscles.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:148–155, 2022
Plankton respiration in the Atacama Trench region: Implications for particulate organic carbon flux into the hadal realm
Authors: Fernández‐Urruzola Igor , Ulloa Osvaldo , Glud Ronnie N. , Pinkerton Matthew H. , Schneider Wolfgang , Wenzhöfer Frank , Escribano Rubén 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRespiration is a key process in the cycling of particulate matter and, therefore, an important control mechanism of carbon export to the ocean's interior. Most of the fixed carbon is lost in the upper ocean, and only a minor amount of organic material sustains life in the deep‐sea. Conditions are particularly extreme in hadal trenches, and yet they host active biological communities. The source of organic carbon that supports them and the contribution of these communities to the ocean carbon cycle, however, remain uncertain. Here we report on size‐fractionated depth profiles of plankton respiration assessed from the activity of the electron transport system in the Atacama Trench region, and provide estimates of the minimum carbon flux (FC) needed to sustain the respiratory requirements from the ocean surface to hadal waters of the trench and shallower nearby sites. Plankton < 100 μm contributed about 90% to total community respiration, whose magnitude was highly correlated with surface productivity. Remineralization rates were highest in the euphotic zone and declined sharply within intermediate oxygen‐depleted waters, remaining fairly constant toward the bottom. Integrated respiration in ultra‐deep waters (> 1000 m) was comparable to that found in upper layers, with 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol C m−2 d−1 being respired in the hadopelagic. The comparison between our FC models and estimates of sinking particle flux revealed a carbon imbalance through the mesopelagic that was paradoxically reduced at greater depths. We argue that large fast‐sinking particles originated in the overlying surface ocean may effectively sustain the respiratory carbon demands in this ultra‐deep marine environment.
Biocompatible Autonomic Self‐healing PVA‐TA Hydrogel with High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Huang Jinxin , Wu Chengwei , Yu Xiaogang , Li Heng , Ding Shuaiwen , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe autonomic self‐healing hydrogel with good biocompatibility is generally poor in tensile strength, which seriously hinders its development and application in the field of loaded biomaterials. Here, based on a large number of strong H bonds formed between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tannic acid (TA), an autonomic self‐healing PVA‐TA hydrogel with high strength and high healing efficiency is successfully prepared. The tensile strength of PVA‐TA hydrogel is 224 kPa, which can spontaneously restore to 87% of its initial strength within 2 h after fracture without external stimuli. The obtained hydrogel also shows good biocompatibility.
Dialectical thinking as a driver of charitable giving
Authors: DeMotta Yoshiko 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIt is well documented that people are less generous in their charitable contribution when donation recipients are perceived to bear some responsibility for their aversive situation. However, there is limited research that identifies the factors that may influence generosity toward blameworthy recipients. The present research addresses this gap and examines the moderating role of dialectical thinking in the relationship between recipient responsibility and charitable giving. Our studies demonstrate that compared to high dialectical thinkers, low dialectical thinkers are less likely to donate when they perceive recipients to be responsible for their plight. Mediation analysis reveals that this effect is mediated through low dialectical thinkers' weaker belief in recipients' changeability and lower degree of sympathy. This study intends to make theoretical contributions to the literatures of dialectical thinking and charitable giving, and provides implications for organizations with the aim of helping seemingly irresponsible individuals.
Prevalence of Black Gill (Hyalophysa lynni) in White Shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and Brown Shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus along the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Swinford Jillian L. , Anderson Joel D. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Shrimp black gill is an emerging disease caused by a parasitic ciliate, Hyalophysa lynni, that attacks gill tissue in white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus and brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus and induces an immune response that produces melanized tissue in shrimp gills. This immune response causes necrosis and damage in shrimp gill tissue, which limits shrimp metabolic capability and can lead to high predation mortality among infected individuals. Shrimp black gill was first observed in the southeast Atlantic shrimp fishery in the United States, and this ciliate has been increasing in prevalence in shrimp populations of this region since 2000. The Gulf of Mexico, with its lucrative shrimp fishery and extended warmwater conditions during the year, is a potential region for H. lynni spread. White and brown shrimp were sampled from seven major bays along the Gulf coast of Texas from March to November 2019 and underwent PCR analysis to detect H. lynni presence in gill tissue. From March to November, 65% of the collected shrimp samples tested positive for H. lynni. Samples from all seven bays tested positive for H. lynni, with the upper-coast bays having a significantly higher disease prevalence than lower-coast bays. Both white and brown shrimp samples tested positive for H. lynni; however, white shrimp samples had a significantly higher disease prevalence. Overall, disease prevalence showed a temporal pattern of low prevalence in the spring, peaking during the late fall. Generalized additive mixed models detected a high water temperature and a salinity level of 30‰ or less as significant contributors to high disease prevalence. This study validates the commonality of H. lynni presence in the western Gulf of Mexico, serves as a baseline for future shrimp black gill sampling efforts in this region, and contributes to the understanding and management of potential disease threats to the Texas shrimp fishery.
Artemisinin‐derived dimers from a chemical perspective
Authors: Çapcı Aysun , Herrmann Lars , Sampath Kumar Halmuthur M. , Fröhlich Tony , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made with the rather recently developed dimer approach, which has already found applications in the development of new effective artemisinin‐derived antimalarial, anticancer, and antiviral agents. One observation common to these potential applications is the significant (i.e., much more than double) improvement in activity of artemisinin based dimers, which are not toxic to normal cells and have fewer or less harmful side effects, with respect to monomers against parasites, cancer cells and viruses. Due to the high potential of the dimerization concept, many new artemisinin‐derived dimer compounds and their biological activities have been recently reported. In this review an overview of the synthesis of dimer drug candidates based on the clinically used drug artemisinin and its semisynthetic derivatives is given. Besides the highlighting of biological activities of the selected dimers, the main focus is set on different synthetic approaches toward the dimers containing a broad variety of symmetric and nonsymmetric linking moieties.
Oklahoma's perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs related to water resources and their management: A decade long look
Authors: Wagner Kevin L. , Eck Christopher J. , King Audrey E. H. , Joshi Omkar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWater resources are a critical issue across the United States. Addressing water issues requires public understanding, acceptance, support, and participation. This study compared the public's perceptions and knowledge of Oklahoma water over time. A 53‐item paper questionnaire was administered to a randomly sampled mailing list of Oklahoma residents in 2008 and 2018. There were no statistically significant differences between the public's perception in 2008 and 2018. Participants were mostly unaware of what watersheds are, and their perceptions and behaviors were seemingly unaffected by changes in weather patterns and water education efforts. When questioned about their knowledge of water issues, the most frequent response was ‘don't know’. Results suggest improved education and outreach is needed to advance the public's water knowledge. Furthermore, this study found that long term evaluations of public perceptions, behaviors, and knowledge are extremely important in determining education program effectiveness. In this case, findings indicate status quo will not yield needed changes.
Exploring the role and clinical implications of proteasome inhibition in medulloblastoma
Authors: Hoerig Clay M. , Plant‐Fox Ashley S. , Pulley Michelle D. , Di Kaijun , Bota Daniela A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUbiquitin proteasome‐mediated protein degradation has been implicated in posttranslational oncogenesis in medulloblastoma. Current research is evaluating the clinical implications of proteasome inhibition as a therapeutic target. In medulloblastoma cell lines, proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation via multiple pathways involving activation of caspase pathways, NFκB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) pathway inhibition, reduced AKT/mTOR pathway activity, and pro‐apoptotic protein expression. Second‐generation proteasome inhibitors demonstrate blood–brain barrier penetration while maintaining antitumor effect. This review summarizes the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma and the potential clinical implications.
Rank of a matrix of block graphs
Authors: Chen Yu , Liao Yunhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe block graphs are good models in many real‐world applications, such as molecular graph model for Polymers and windmill networks. A block graph is a graph in which every block is a complete graph. In this paper, we first prove that, the entries of distance matrix of block graph satisfy the famous () and we define an matrix and index inspired by the Wiener index . We find that, if the block graph is a tree or each of its blocks is a triangle, then and it is independent of the structure of block graphs . Finally, we obtain the index, Wiener index and Wiener polarity index of isomers of heptane, respectively.
Precautionary strategy for high‐risk airway bleeding cases during robotic‐assisted bronchoscopy
Authors: Fernandez‐Bussy Sebastian , Abia‐Trujillo David , Patel Neal M. , Pascual Jorge M. , Majid Adnan , Folch Erik E , Reisenauer Janani S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBronchoscopy in thrombocytopenic patients remains a controversial topic as traditionally varying platelet thresholds have been stablished as “safe,” ranging from 20,000 to 50,000. A lower threshold may be safe for a routine airway inspection with bronchoalveolar lavage but will be far from safe for more invasive interventions such as needle biopsy, transbronchial biopsy, or cryo‐biopsy. Currently, a minimal platelet threshold during robotic‐assisted bronchoscopy (RAB) has not been established. In addition, the absolute platelet number does not guarantee appropriate platelet function. The literature regarding the safety of bronchoscopy and its bleeding risk, considering broader and more functional tests such as thromboelastography (TEG), is also lacking. We present our RAB approach to safely sample lung nodules in a patient with thrombocytopenia. Our precautionary strategy for high‐risk bleeding cases during RAB utilizing TEG and parallel flexible bronchoscopy with segmental balloon occlusion may be an appropriate technique to minimize bleeding risk.
Survival mediation analysis with the death‐truncated mediator: The completeness of the survival mediation parameter
Authors: Tai An‐Shun , Tsai Chun‐An , Lin Sheng‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn medical research, the development of mediation analysis with a survival outcome has facilitated investigation into causal mechanisms. However, studies have not discussed the death‐truncation problem for mediators, the problem being that conventional mediation parameters cannot be well defined in the presence of a truncated mediator. In the present study, we systematically defined the completeness of causal effects to uncover the gap, in conventional causal definitions, between the survival and nonsurvival settings. We propose a novel approach to redefining natural direct and indirect effects, which are generalized forms of conventional causal effects for survival outcomes. Furthermore, we developed three statistical methods for the binary outcome of survival status and formulated a Cox model for survival time. We performed simulations to demonstrate that the proposed methods are unbiased and robust. We also applied the proposed method to explore the effect of hepatitis C virus infection on mortality, as mediated through hepatitis B viral load.
Ammonium‐Anchored Palladium‐NHC Complex on Polystyrene Resin: A Highly Reactive Catalyst for the Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction**
Authors: Meng Qi , Zhang Huimin , Chen Haiqun , Teng Qiaoqiao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA polystyrene supported palladium complex was prepared via quaternization of an amine functionalized NHC palladium complex with Merrifield resin. The material was characterized by multiple spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and applied in the Mizoroki‐Heck reactions. Upon immobilization, the catalytic activity of the Pd‐NHC increased significantly, which even allowed gram‐scale conversions at ppm [Pd] loadings. Kinetic, hot filtration and poisoning tests indicated that the material only functioned as a pre‐catalyst. Soluble Pd(0) species were generated under the catalytic condition as the real catalysts, which were re‐capturable to the ammonium‐NHC functionalized resin support, allowing catalytic recycling for seven times.
Advanced Devices for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Wang Lude , Dai Chendong , Jiang Lianfu , Tong Gangling , Xiong Yunhai , Khan Karim , Tang Zhongmin , Chen Xiang , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAt present, tumor diagnosis is performed using common procedures, which are slow, costly, and still presenting difficulties in diagnosing tumors at their early stage. Tumor therapeutic methods also mainly rely on large‐scale equipment or non‐intelligent treatment approaches. Thus, an early and accurate tumor diagnosis and personalized treatment may represent the best treatment option for a successful result, and the efforts in finding them are still in progress and mainly focusing on non‐destructive, integrated, and multiple technologies. These objectives can be achieved with the development of advanced devices and smart technology that represent the topic of the current investigations. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress in tumor diagnosis and therapy and briefly explains the advantages and disadvantages of the described microdevices, finally proposing advanced micro smart devices as the future development trend for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
Strategies for Polysulfide Immobilization in Sulfur Cathodes for Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Xu Shengming , Yang Yue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium–sulfur batteries are one of the most attractive energy storage systems due to their low cost and ultrahigh energy density (2600 W h kg−1). During the charge/discharge process, the sulfur can react with sodium via a multistep redox reaction to obtain a high specific capacity (1675 mA h g−1). However, these batteries face the difficult challenge of the “shuttle effect,” which hinders their practical application. Many strategies have been employed to address this issue on sulfur electrodes, such as intact physical confinement, chemical inhibition, and electrocatalysis. In this review, the mechanisms of the abovementioned strategies are summarized, the remaining issues are clarified, and research directions are proposed for developing advanced sodium–sulfur batteries.