bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter retrospective study on the real-world outcomes of autologous vs. allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for peripheral T-cell lymphoma in China
Authors: Gu Zhen-Yang , Dong Yu-Jun , Fu Xiao-Rui , Li Nai-Nong , Liu Yao , Wu Xiao-Xiong , Wang Yi-Ni , Li Yu-Hang , Ren Han-Yun , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Li Xiao-Fan , Wang Mai-Hong , Wu Ya-Mei , Liu Dai-Hong , Wang Zhao , Hu Liang-Ding , Huang Wen-Rong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
There were few studies on real-world data about autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) or allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients who received auto-HSCT or allo-HSCT in China.

Methods:
From July 2007 to June 2017, a total of 128 patients who received auto-HSCT (n
= 72) or allo-HSCT (n
= 56) at eight medical centers across China were included in this study. We retrospectively collected their demographic and clinical data and compared the clinical outcomes between groups.

Results:
Patients receiving allo-HSCT were more likely to be diagnosed with stage III or IV disease (95% vs. 82%, P = 0.027), bone marrow involvement (42% vs. 15%, P = 0.001), chemotherapy-resistant disease (41% vs. 8%, P = 0.001), and progression disease (32% vs. 4%, P < 0.001) at transplantation than those receiving auto-HSCT. With a median follow-up of 30 (2–143) months, 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in the auto-HSCT group were 70%(48/63) and 59%(42/63), respectively. Three-year OS and PFS for allo-HSCT recipients were 46%(27/54) and 44%(29/54), respectively. There was no difference in relapse rate (34%[17/63] in auto-HSCT vs. 29%[15/54] in allo-HSCT, P = 0.840). Three-year non-relapse mortality rate in auto-HSCT recipients was 6%(4/63) compared with 27%(14/54) for allo-HSCT recipients (P = 0.004). Subanalyses showed that patients with lower prognostic index scores for PTCL (PIT) who received auto-HSCT in an upfront setting had a better outcome than patients with higher PIT scores (3-year OS: 85% vs. 40%, P = 0.003). Patients with complete remission (CR) undergoing auto-HSCT had better survival (3-year OS: 88% vs. 48% in allo-HSCT, P = 0.008). For patients beyond CR, the outcome of patients who received allo-HSCT was similar to that in the atuo-HSCT group (3-year OS: 51% vs. 46%, P = 0.300).

Conclusions:
Our study provided real-world data about auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT in China. Auto-HSCT seemed to be associated with better survival for patients in good condition (lower PIT score and/or better disease control). For patients possessing unfavorable characteristics, the survival of patients receiving allo-HSCT group was similar to that in the auto-HSCT group.
Alterations in thymocyte populations under conditions of endotoxin tolerance
Authors: Tao Yi-Jing , Zhao Juan-Juan , Rao Li-Hua , Yang Song , Zhang Guo-Liang , Guo Meng-Meng , Chen Chao , Xu Lin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective phenomenon in which pre-treatment with a tolerance dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to dramatically elevated survival. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what happens to T cell development in the thymus under ET conditions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations in thymocyte populations (double-positive [DP] and single-positive [SP] cells) under ET conditions.

Methods:
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of phosphate-buffered saline was used as a control (control group). Changes in thymus weight, cell counts, and morphology were detected in the three groups. Moreover, surface molecules such as CD4, CD8, CD44, CD69, and CD62L were analyzed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway signaling were analyzed in thymocyte populations. The polymorphism and length of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis DNA laser scanning analysis (ABI 3730).

Results:
Thymus weight and cell counts were decreased in the early stage but recovered by the late stage in a murine model of LPS-induced ET. Moreover, the proportions of DP cells (control: 72.130 ± 4.074, 72-h: 10.600 ± 3.517, 8-day: 84.770 ± 2.228), CD4+ SP cells (control: 15.770 ± 4.419, 72-h: 44.670 ± 3.089, 8-day: 6.367 ± 0.513), and CD8+ SP cells (control: 7.000 ± 1.916, 72-h: 34.030 ± 3.850, 8-day: 5.133 ± 0.647) were obviously different at different stages of ET. The polymorphism and length of TCR β chain CDR3 also changed obviously, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Further analysis showed that the expression of surface molecules, including CD44, CD69, and CD62L, on thymocyte populations (DP and SP cells) were changed to different degrees. Finally, the proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and ERK pathway signaling of thymocyte populations were changed significantly.

Conclusion:
These data reveal that alterations in thymocyte populations might contribute to the establishment of ET.
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Nasi: A Case Report of a Rare Variant of Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis
Authors: Bal Arjun , Rashid Zaina , Shamma H. Nicholas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is an inflammatory condition affecting the helix or antihelix of the ear. It is commonly described as a solitary, painful, ulcerated nodule affecting the cartilage or skin because of continuous pressure, trauma, sun exposure, or ischemic changes. In this case report, we present a rare variant of chondrodermatitis, named chondrodermatitis nodularis nasi, which affects the skin and cartilage of the nose. Clinical resemblance to neoplasms of the skin such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma requires that a biopsy be performed for definitive diagnosis. On histopathological examination, chondrodermatitis presents as a central ulcer bordered by epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis with fibrin deposits in the papillary dermis admixed with sparse inflammatory cells. Included in this case report is a discussion of the clinical and histopathology of chondrodermatitis nodularis nasi. With increased frequency of diagnosing this rare variant, better management and treatments can be explored.
Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Hidroacanthoma Simplex and Clonal Seborrheic Keratosis With GATA3 and p63
Authors: Lin Chien-Yio , Kuo Tseng-tong , Chang Ya-Ching 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Histopathologically both hidroacanthoma simplex (HS) and clonal seborrheic keratosis (CSK) are characterized by intraepidermal nests of tumor cells. Although they show subtle microscopic differences, they can be difficult to accurately differentiate. Previous immunohistochemical studies have been inconclusive. We conducted an immunohistochemical study with GATA3 and p63 on cases of HS and CSK tentatively identified by their microscopic appearances and cases of eccrine poroma and seborrheic keratosis as their respective controls. The clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic findings of these cases were also reviewed. All cases of HS and poroma were negative for GATA3, whereas all cases of CSK and seborrheic keratosis were positive for GATA3. HS, CSK, and their controls were all positive for p63. Microscopic, clinical, and dermoscopic differences were also found between HS and CSK. Our study demonstrated that GATA3 is useful for differentiating HS from CSK. Our initial microscopic observations also proved to be reliable, but immunostaining with GATA3 is helpful for confirming the diagnosis or establishing the diagnosis of uncertain cases. Awareness of the clinical and dermoscopic features of these 2 entities could also avoid misdiagnosis based solely on pathological observation.
Adding Perplexity to Rarity: Diffuse S100-Protein and SOX10 Expression in a Molecularly Confirmed PAX7-Positive Primary Cutaneous Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Parra Ourania , Thuraisingam Ravina , Baker Michael L. , Kerr Darcy A. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a very rare neoplasm that shares similar morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features with its osseous counterpart. Herein, we present an extraordinarily rare case of PAX7-positive cutaneous EWS in a 9-year-old girl that was also diffusely positive for SOX10 and S100-protein. Next generation sequencing detected the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion supporting the diagnosis, which was further validated by break-apart EWSR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization. Diffuse S100-protein and SOX10 expression has been reported only in a handful of cases of EWS and may pose significant diagnostic challenges for dermatopathologists. PAX7 is a recently introduced marker, which is highly sensitive for EWS and can potentially have discriminatory power in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous undifferentiated round blue cell tumors.
Intraoperative Diagnosis of Histologic Change in Irradiated Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Guffey Darren J. , Guerra Ricardo , Malhi Jasmine K. , Russell Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Adjuvant radiation may be used to reduce the recurrence of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after resection. Adjuvant radiation can produce histologic changes in the skeletal muscle that mimic keratinocyte atypia, presenting a diagnostic challenge during subsequent resections. We present a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and histologic changes observed in a fresh frozen section that were consistent with degenerative changes of irradiated skeletal muscle that had a muscle-specific actin+, Melan-A−, and cytokeratin− immunophenotype on paraffin-embedded permanent sections. We also reviewed the literature of other similar reported findings on irradiated skeletal muscle.
Acylated Ghrelin Attenuates l-Thyroxin–induced Cardiac Damage in Rats by Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects and Downregulating Components of the Cardiac Renin–angiotensin System
Authors: Badi Rehab 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
This study investigated the protective effect of acylated ghrelin (AG) against l-thyroxin (l-Thy)-induced cardiac damage in rats and examined possible mechanisms. Male rats were divided into five intervention groups of 12 rats/group: control, control + AG, l-Thy, l-Thy + AG, and l-Thy + AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (AG antagonist). l-Thy significantly reduced the levels of AG and des-acyl ghrelin and the AG to des-acyl ghrelin ratio. Administration of AG to l-Thy–treated rats reduced cardiac weights and levels of reactive oxygen species and preserved the function and structure of the left ventricle. In addition, AG also reduced the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c and prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In the left ventricle of both control + AG-treated and l-Thy + AG-treated rats, AG significantly increased left ventricular levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), total glutathione (GSH), and Bcl2. It also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and Bax and the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. Concomitantly, in both treated groups, AG reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NADPH oxidase 1, angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor, and Ang-converting enzyme 2. All the beneficial effects of AG in l-Thy–treated rats were prevented by the coadministration of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtype 1a antagonist. In conclusion, AG protects against hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac hypertrophy and damage, which is mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials and requires the activation of GHS-R1a.
Wogonin Alleviates Cisplatin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice Via Inhibiting Gasdermin D-mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Zhang Bin , Chu Zhenliang , Jiang Fenfen , Han Jibo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Cardiotoxicity has been well documented as a side effect of cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the pathological process of CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity. Wogonin is a natural flavonoid compound that possesses cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory qualities. Knowledge of the pharmacological effect and mechanism of wogonin could reveal an efficient way to identify therapeutic strategies. In this study, the potential of wogonin to antagonize CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice in vivo and in H9c2 cells in vitro. The results showed that wogonin protected against CDDP-induced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury, and pyroptosis in vivo. Using a Gasdermin D expression plasmid, we revealed that wogonin dramatically reduced CDDP-induced pyroptosis by modulating the Gasdermin D protein in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, wogonin has great potential in attenuating CDDP-induced cardiotoxicity. In addition, greater emphasis should be placed on the antipyroptotic effects of wogonin for the treatment of other diseases.
Impact of Breast Reconstruction Patients on Cosmetic Practice
Authors: Cooper Danielle C. , Qureshi Ali A. , Sharma Ketan , Tenenbaum Marissa M. , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Postmastectomy breast reconstruction can often restore a patient’s self-image. A notable percentage of women will go on to seek elective aesthetic procedures to further improve their perceived appearance. The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage of primary breast reconstruction patients who go on to receive a cosmetic procedure. We identify factors that may increase the likelihood that a patient subsequently chooses to pursue a cosmetic procedure.

Methods:
A retrospective review of primary breast reconstruction patients of the two senior authors was conducted from January 2014 through December 2015. Demographics, types of cosmetic procedures received, and time to first cosmetic procedure were obtained. Time to first cosmetic procedure was assessed from date of mastectomy through December 2017. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with obtaining cosmetic procedures.

Results:
There were 289 patients in our cohort with ~10% who subsequently sought a cosmetic procedure at our practice. The average time to conversion was ~9 months after mastectomy. The majority (67%) underwent noninvasive procedures only. Patients with lower-staged breast cancers were more likely to undergo a cosmetic procedure (P < 0.042).

Conclusions:
At least 10% of patients undergoing primary breast reconstruction over a year period went on to have a cosmetic procedure during the study period. The majority of patients pursued noninvasive cosmetic procedures. Reconstruction of women with higher cancer stages was associated with a lower likelihood of pursuing a cosmetic procedure during the time period studied.
Plastic Surgery and Music: Examining Plastic Surgery References in Hit Songs
Authors: Castro Ruben , Tsutsumi Kotaro , Sayadi Jamasb J. , Hu James , Vyas Raj M. , Sayadi Lohrasb R. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency by which plastic surgery-related terms have been included in the lyrics of Western music hits from the 1970s to the present day as a proxy for estimating the cultural impact of plastic surgery. A list of the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 songs from 1968 to 2019 and the Billboard Year-End Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs from 1970 to 2019 was obtained for a combined total of 8550 songs. Lyrics for each song were extracted via a web-scraping system, and a database of plastic surgery-related terms was developed by our team. Each term was then queried amongst the compiled lyrics data sets, and the total frequency of plastic surgery-related terms per year and per decade was determined. Each term was also examined in its context of usage to validate its relevance to plastic surgery and determine its connotation through sentiment analysis. The frequency of plastic surgery-related terms referenced in the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 and Billboard Year-End Hot R&B/Hip-Hop charts has increased 15-fold from the 1970s (n = 1 song) to 2010s (n = 15 songs). The terms most often mentioned included “doctor,” “silicone,” “plastic,” “surgery,” “nip-tuck,” and “lipo.” Artists who most frequently used plastic surgery-related terms were Kanye West, 2 Chainz, and Nicki Minaj. The current study is the first to evaluate trends in plastic surgery references in music formally. In turn, this study helps further our understanding of the interplay between plastic surgery and popular culture.
New Therapies for Corneal Endothelial Diseases: 2020 and Beyond
Authors: Soh Yu Qiang , Poh Stanley S. J. , Peh Gary S. L. , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract:
Penetrating keratoplasty used to be the only surgical technique for the treatment of end-stage corneal endothelial diseases. Improvements in surgical techniques over the past decade have now firmly established endothelial keratoplasty as a safe and effective modality for the treatment of corneal endothelial diseases. However, there is a worldwide shortage of corneal tissue, with more than 50% of the world having no access to cadaveric tissue. Cell injection therapy and tissue-engineered endothelial keratoplasty may potentially offer comparable results as endothelial keratoplasty while maximizing the use of cadaveric donor corneal tissue. Descemet stripping only, Descemet membrane transplantation, and selective endothelial removal are novel therapeutic modalities that take this a step further by relying on endogenous corneal endothelial cell regeneration, instead of allogenic corneal endothelial cell transfer. Gene therapy modalities, including antisense oligonucleotides and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–based gene editing, offer the holy grail of potentially suppressing the phenotypic expression of genetically determined corneal endothelial diseases at the asymptomatic stage. We now stand at the crossroads of exciting developments in medical technologies that will likely revolutionize the way we treat corneal endothelial diseases over the next 2 decades.
Impact of Sample Collection Order on the Diagnostic Performance of Metagenomic Deep Sequencing for Infectious Keratitis
Authors: Redd Travis K. , Lalitha Prajna , Prajna N. Venkatesh , Sikha Misra , Gunasekaran Rameshkumar , Hinterwirth Armin , Chen Cindi , Zhong Lina , Liu Zijun , Lietman Thomas M. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Doan Thuy , Seitzman Gerami D. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact of sample collection order on the diagnostic yield of metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) for determining the causative pathogen in infectious keratitis.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional diagnostic test evaluation among subjects with infectious keratitis at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India. All subjects underwent corneal scrapings of the affected eye to obtain potassium hydroxide smear, Gram stain, bacterial culture, and fungal culture, in this order. The order of MDS specimen collection relative to smear and culture samples was randomized and served as the primary predictor. Outcomes included the normalized copy number of pathogenic RNA detected by MDS, the proportion of MDS samples that were diagnostic, and the agreement of MDS results with cultures.

Results:
MDS samples from 46 subjects with corneal ulcers were evaluated. MDS was positive in 33 subjects (76%) and had 74% overall agreement with culture results. There was no association between order of MDS sample collection and normalized copy number of genetic material detected (P = 0.62) or the likelihood of MDS positivity (P = 0.46). However, the likelihood of agreement between MDS and cultures decreased when MDS corneal swabs were collected after other diagnostic corneal scrapings (P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
The overall yield of MDS for detecting the cause of infectious keratitis was not affected by sample collection order. However, diagnostic agreement between MDS and cultures decreased when MDS samples were collected after other specimens. Additional investigation is warranted to determine whether this represents increased sensitivity of MDS compared with cultures or higher susceptibility to contaminants.
Use of Cenegermin in the Presence of Bandage Contact Lenses
Authors: Cheung Albert Y. , Shah Amar P. , Pierson Kasey L. , Denny Matthew R. , Nordlund Michael L. , Holland Edward J. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to characterize the outcomes of eyes with neurotrophic keratitis (NK) treated with a course of cenegermin-bkbj in the presence of a bandage contact lens (BCL).

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all eyes with a clinical diagnosis of NK treated with cenegermin-bkbj was performed between 2018 and 2020. Inclusion criteria included cenegermin-bkbj treatment with a BCL in place. Demographics, etiology, visual acuity, pretreatment and posttreatment corneal sensation, and treatment outcomes were assessed.

Results:
There were 18 eyes of 16 patients (69% female) with NK treated with cenegermin-bkbj while having a BCL in place. After cenegermin-bkbj treatment, presence of corneal sensation significantly increased from 7% of eyes to 79% of eyes (P < 0.0001). There was also a significant increase in the number of quadrants with corneal sensation (mean of 0.1 quadrants increased to 1.6 quadrants, P =0.0005). Six of 10 eyes (67%; P = 0.004) with a persistent epithelial defect (PED) experienced complete resolution at the conclusion of treatment, while 3 additional eyes experienced a decrease in the defect size. Despite all 18 eyes necessitating a chronic BCL before cenegermin-bkbj treatment, 4 were able to maintain their epithelium without a BCL after treatment for at least some period.

Conclusions:
Cenegermin-bkbj treatment for NK with a BCL in place demonstrated improvement in corneal sensation, epithelial defect size, and fluorescein staining. In eyes demonstrating previous ocular surface decompensation with discontinuation of a BCL, maintenance of BCL use during treatment with cenegermin-bkbj may be considered.
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and gut flora analysis in intestinal polyps patients
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Yanjie , Liu Taotao , Yu Jie , Ma Lili , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2021

Background
The intestinal polyp is the precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer. DNA methylation and intestinal microbiota may play an important role in the development of intestinal polyp.

Materials and methods
In this study, we included 10 patients with intestinal polyps who received the colonoscopy examination. We applied the Illumina Human Methylation 850K array to investigate the epigenome-wide DNA methylation patterns. Then, we filtered out the hub genes in the protein–protein interaction networks using functional epigenetic modules analysis. We also analyzed the colonizing bacteria on the surface of polyps compared with those in normal colonic mucosal epithelium with 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.

Results
We identified 323 hypermethylated sites and 7992 hypomethylated sites between intestinal polyps and normal samples. Five hub genes, including CREB1, LPA, SVIL and KRT18, were identified in five modules. Hypomethylation of CREB1 is a candidate marker of colorectal adenoma. Gut microbiota analysis showed that Butyricicoccus was significantly decreased in the intestinal polyp groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we identified DNA methylation disparities in intestinal polyps compared with normal tissue, of which methylation of CREB1 may hold clinical significance in colorectal cancer progress. Colonizing bacteria in the colonic epithelium might be related to the formation of intestinal polyps.