bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control
Authors: Lethe Eric 
Published: July 2021

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation.
The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new.
This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner. Salient discussion points will be:
1. Process Examination
2. Material Selection
3. Steps For Successful Implementation
4. Possible Impediments
5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives
It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.
Response of Cotton to Conservation Tillage Plus Wheat Straw Management and Nitrogen in Wheat Based Cropping System
Authors: Khan Niamat Ullah , Ullah Sami , Khan Azhar Abbas , Shahzad Umbreen 
Published: July 2021

Zero tillage straw retained with optimum N is an important strategy to increase soil fertility and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton system. A 3 years field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 to study the impact of two tillage techniques [zero tillage plus wheat straw retained- ZTsr and conventional tillage-CT straw burnt (CTsb, with disc plow, tiller, rotavator, and leveling operations)] and four nitrogen rates namely 0, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 on cotton yield and soil fertility. Results indicated that bolls/plant–1, weight per boll, seed cotton yields, lint percentage and N recovery efficiency were highest with 150 kg N ha–1. Interaction tillage into N indicated that ZTsr had graeter bolls plant-1, bolls weight, seed cotton yields, lint percentage and N recovery efficiency compared to CTsb. ZTsr had more soil organic matter (SOM) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) compared to CTsb. ZTsr with 150 kg nitrogen per hectare enhanced cotton yield and soil fertility on sustainable basis in arid environment of Dera Ismail Khan.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection amongst Pregnant Women in a Community North Central Nigeria
Authors: A Ndako, James , D Mawak, John , O Fajobi, Victor , Ifeanyi Ilochi , Olatinsu Oludolapo , C Odiase Marily 
Published: July 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global challenge mostly in developing countries. Hepatitis B virus has infected almost one third of the world population. Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. As a result of the developing status of most of our communities screening of antenatal attendees is rarely done as a routine in most health facilities that offers antenatal services, hence the need for this studies at our location of study.
Methods: One hundred and ninety (190) serum samples were screened among pregnant women on ante-natal care, using standard ELISA method. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to individuals to determine incidence rates and identify relative risk factors that predispose subjects to the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection.
Results: From the total samples screened, Sixty-three, 63 (33.2%) were found to be positive for Hepatitis B virus. The highest prevalence was found among those aged 21-30 with overall number of 37(19.5%) Positivity, X2 =1.508; P=0.471. Considering educational status of subjects screened, high prevalence was recorded among those without formal education with 25(13.2%) Prevalence, x2= 5.381; P = 0.146 considering the various risk factors, subjects with history of tattooing/tribal markings recorded 41(21.6%), while women in their second trimester of pregnancy had a higher prevalence of 42(22.2%).
Conclusions: This study recorded a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women at our study location, which also reflects high probable risks of HBV perinatal transmission. It is therefore strongly recommended that pregnant women be routinely screened for Hepatitis B virus infection as part of antenatal care services.
Suitability of Rice Transplanters and Weeders in Different Soil Types
Authors: Kannan S. Vallal , Veeramani A. , Hemalatha M. , Elamathi S. , Umamageswari C. , Kumar N. Satheesh , Rangasami S. R. Shri 
Published: July 2021

Aim: To evaluate the performance of existing models of rice transplanters in different soil types, to evaluate the performance of existing models of power weeder in different soil types, and to reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance the rice production and profitability.
Study design: Strip plot design with different soil types as main-plot treatments(3),existing models of rice transplanter(5) as sub-plot treatment and existing models of power weeder(3) as sub-sub-plot treatments.
Place and duration: Experiments were conducted in six locations of delta zones of Tamil Nadu representing three soil types’ viz., sandy clay loam, sandy loam, and clay loam during samba season(2019 & 2020) with the medium duration rice variety ‘TKM 13.
Methodology: Transplanter machine related parameters of actual field efficiency, theoretical capacity and field efficiency and weeder machine related parameters of field capacity and field efficiency and weed control efficiency was observed in different soil types. Suitability of transplanter and weeder combination on rice growth and yield parameters and yield, reduction of cost of cultivation and increase in net return and net income were observed and calculated.
Results: Among growth and yield parameters, the 6 row yanmar transplanter along with conoweeding combination were recorded higher tillers and productive tillers (16.28 &20.65/hill), number of filled grains (113&145/panicle) seed yield (5922 &5733kg/ha) respectively in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil. Similarly, higher net return(Rs.70195/ha& Rs.55343/ha)) and BCR(2.62& BCR(2.28) in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Furthermore, they achieved additional grain yield of 1769 kg/ha and 1873 kg/ha with the additional net profit of Rs.37027/ha& Rs.34813/ha in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Yanmar 8 row transplanter along with single row power weeder combination were recorded higher productive tillers (15.25/hill), filled grains(122/panicle) and seed yield (5506 kg/ha) with higher net return (Rs.58175/ha) and BCR(2.32) in clay loam soil. Furthermore, they achieved with an additional grain yield of 1121 kg/ha with additional net profit of Rs.24618/ha and net income change of Rs.24618/ha in clay loam soil compared to farmers practice.
Conclusion: Cultivation of rice by using 6 row yanmar transplanter and weeding by cono weeder along with agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil. Cultivation of rice by using 8 row Yanmar transplanter for transplanting and single row power weeder for weeding operation along with recommended agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in clay loam soil.
Sertanejo universitário: expressão e valores de jovens urbanos no Brasil contemporâneo // Sertanejo universitário: expression and values of urban youths in contemporary Brazil
Authors: França Vera Regina Veiga , Vieira Vanrochris 
Published: July 2021

A migração da música caipira, profundamente enraizada no mundo rural, para o meio urbano, no Brasil, deu origem à música sertaneja. Nos últimos anos, tem surgido uma nova variação deste gênero, o sertanejo universitário, voltado mais especificamente para um público jovem e caracterizado pela mistura melódica e pelo afastamento do cenário e dos valores da tradição rural. As temáticas exploram a importância do dinheiro para garantir conquistas sexuais, o universo das “baladas” (festas noturnas frequentadas pelos jovens), a sensualidade. Tais músicas têm alcançado um estrondoso sucesso de público no Brasil e no exterior. Entre seu público, e como propagandistas desse novo gênero musical, há celebridades do futebol (Neymar no Brasil, Cristiano Ronaldo em Portugal), cujo estilo de vida tem sintonia com as letras das músicas. Mais do que as características musicais do sertanejo universitário, procuramos refletir sobre aquilo que ele expressa enquanto quadro de valores e comportamentos de parcela da juventude contemporânea.
The migration of caipira music, deeply rooted in rural areas, to urban areas in Brazil, has given rise to sertanejo music. In recent years, it has emerged a new variation of this rhythm, the sertanejo universitário, turned more specifically to a young public and characterized by melodic mix and a large removal of rural tradition scene and values. The themes explore the importance of money to ensure sexual conquests, the universe of "baladas" (evening parties attended by young people), sensuality. Such songs have been achieved a resounding success of public in Brazil and abroad. Among its audience, and as propagandists of this new musical genre, there are celebrities from soccer (Neymar in Brazil, Cristiano Ronaldo in Portugal), whose lifestyle has line with the lyrics. More than musical features of the sertanejo universitário, we try to reflect on what it expresses as a set of values and behaviors of a portion of contemporary youth.
Efficacy and Safety of Tramadol for Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Xiurui , Li Xiaoxiao , Xiong Yilin , Wang Yilun , Wei Jie , Zeng Chao , Sha Tingting , Lei Guanghua 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo examine efficacy and safety of tramadol for knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to May 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any of the following interventions: tramadol 100 mg/day, 200 mg/day, and 300 mg/day, and placebo for knee or hip OA. Pain and function were measured at or near 12 weeks for efficacy. Gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system (CNS) adverse events (AEs), and withdrawals were measured for safety. Bayesian network meta‐analysis was conducted.ResultsSix RCTs (3,611 participants) were included. Tramadol 100 mg/day (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.16 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.34, 0.00]), 200 mg/day (SMD –0.21 [95% CI –0.37, –0.06]), and 300 mg/day (SMD –0.30 [95% CI –0.48, –0.14]) were statistically more effective than placebo in pain relief, but only tramadol 300 mg/day was better than placebo in functional improvement (SMD –0.24 [95% CI –0.47, –0.03]). Tramadol 100 mg/day (relative risk [RR] 2.29 [95% credible interval (CrI) 1.22, 4.25]), 200 mg/day (RR 4.35 [95% CrI 2.31, 8.01]), and 300 mg/day (RR 6.02 [95% CrI 3.22, 11.1]) involved a higher risk of gastrointestinal AEs. Similarly, tramadol 100–300 mg/day showed a higher risk of CNS AEs and withdrawals. However, the risk of cardiovascular AEs remained unclear.ConclusionOnly tramadol 300 mg/day showed minimal improvement in pain and function but with increasing AEs compared with placebo. Tramadol may not be sufficiently recommended for knee or hip OA based on the presented evidence, especially in patients with the risk of gastrointestinal and CNS AEs.
Engineering Microdomains of Oxides in High‐Entropy Alloy Electrodes toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Chen Zheng‐Jie , Zhang Tao , Gao Xiao‐Yu , Huang Yong‐Jiang , Qin Xiao‐Hui , Wang Yi‐Fan , Zhao Kai , Peng Xu , Zhang Cheng , Liu Lin , Zeng Ming‐Hua , Yu Hai‐Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne important goal of the current electrocatalysis is to develop integrated electrodes from the atomic level design to multilevel structural engineering in simple ways and low prices. Here, a series of oxygen micro‐alloyed high‐entropy alloys (O‐HEAs) is developed via a metallurgy approach. A (CrFeCoNi)97O3 bulk O‐HEA shows exceptional electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), reaching an overpotential as low as 196 mV and a Tafel slope of 29 mV dec−1, and with stability longer than 120 h in 1 m KOH solution at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. It is shown that the enhanced OER performance can be attributed to the formation of island‐like Cr2O3 microdomains, the leaching of Cr3+ ions, and structural amorphization at the interfaces of the domains. These findings offer a technological‐orientated strategy to integrated electrodes.
Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Sulfide Li6PS5Cl Solid Electrolyte Using Li2WO4‐Coated LiCoO2 Cathode
Authors: Sun Zhen , Lai Yanqing , lv Na , Hu Yaqi , Li Bingqin , Jing Shenghao , Jiang Liangxing , Jia Ming , Li Jie , Chen Shiyou , Liu Fangyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid‐state batteries exhibit promising prospects due to their potential in terms of safety and energy density. Sulfide solid electrolytes have received much attention due to their high ionic conductivity (about 10−2 S cm−1). However, high side reactions between solid sulfide electrolytes and oxide cathodes, such as LiCoO2, have hampered the development of all‐solid‐state sulfide batteries. Here, first‐principles calculations and experiments are combined to demonstrate a novel protective layer to cope with the Li6PS5Cl electrolyte and LiCoO2 cathode interface problem. By uniformly coating LiCoO2 with a layer of Li2WO4, the interfacial resistance (the 100th cycle) between the sulfide electrolyte and LiCoO2 is reduced to about 68 Ω cm2, which is nearly 15 times lower than the premodified 1061 Ω cm2. The 2 wt% Li2WO4‐coated LiCoO2(2%LWO‐LCO)/Li6PS5Cl/Li‐In all‐solid‐state battery exhibits satisfactory capacity and excellent cycling stability at room temperature (93% capacity retention after 100 cycles). Furthermore, the ab initio molecular dynamics based on the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof density functional theory calculations show that Li2WO4 can effectively prevent the diffusion of Co and O from LiCoO2 into the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte. It is shown that molecular dynamics help predict the interfacial reactions in all‐solid‐state sulfide batteries.
Modeling of Deformable Cell Separation in a Microchannel with Sequenced Pillars
Authors: Hymel Scott J. , Fujioka Hideki , Khismatullin Damir B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmbedded pillar microstructures are an efficient approach for controlling and sculpting shear flow in a microchannel but have not yet demonstrated to be effective for deformability‐based cell separation and sorting. Although simple pillar configurations (lattice, line sequence) work well for size‐based separation of rigid particles, these have a low separation efficiency for circulating cells. The objective of this study is to optimize sequenced microstructures for separation of deformable cells. This is achieved by numerical analysis of pairwise cell migration in a microchannel with multiple pillars, where size, longitudinal spacing, and lateral location as well as the cell elasticity and size vary. This study reveals two basic pillar configurations optimized for deformability‐based separation: “duplet” that consists of two closely spaced pillars positioned far below the centerline and above the centerline halfway to the wall; and “triplet” composed of three widely spaced pillars located below, above and at the centerline, respectively. The duplet configuration is well suited for deformable cell separation in short channels, whereas the triplet or a combination of duplets and triplets provides even better separation in long channels. These optimized pillar microstructures can dramatically improve microfluidic methods for sorting and isolation of blood and rare circulating tumor cells.
Outcome assessment of medical education fellowships in emergency medicine
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Ahn James , Diller David , Riddell Jeffrey , Pedigo Ryan , Tolles Juliana , Gisondi Michael A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesMedical education fellowships in emergency medicine (EM) provide training in teaching, assessment, educational program administration, and scholarship. The longitudinal impact of this training is unknown. Our objective was to characterize the career outcomes of medical education fellowship graduates.MethodsWe solicited curriculum vitae (CV) from graduates of U.S. EM education fellowships by email. We abstracted data from CVs with a standard instrument that included program characteristics, employment history, leadership positions, awards, and scholarly productivity. We calculated and reported descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 71 of 91 (78%) graduates participated. Thirty‐three completed a 1‐year fellowship and 38 completed a 2‐year fellowship. Nineteen (27%) completed an advanced degree during fellowship. Median (range) graduation year was 2016 (1997–2020). The majority, 63 of 71 (89%), work in an academic setting. Graduates held leadership positions in continuing medical education, graduate medical education, and undergraduate medical education. Forty‐eight (68%) served on national medical education committees. The mean ± SD number of national medical education awards was 1.27 ± 2.03. The mean ± SD number of national medical education presentations was 7.63 ± 10.83. Graduates authored a mean ± SD of 3.63 ± 5.81 book chapters and a mean ± SD of 4.99 ± 6.17 peer‐reviewed medical education research publications. Ten (14%) served on journal editorial boards, 34 (48%) were journal reviewers, and 31 (44%) had received a medical education grant.ConclusionEM medical education fellowship graduates are academically productive and hold education leadership positions.
A New and Effective One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Carbazoles Starting from β‐Nitro‐β,γ‐Unsaturated‐Ketones and Indoles
Authors: Lupidi Gabriele , Bassetti Benedetta , Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino , Palmieri Alessandro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a new one‐pot synthesis of polysubstituted carbazoles starting from β‐nitro‐β,γ‐unsaturated‐ketones and indoles. The process is based on a Friedel‐Crafts reaction of indoles to nitroolefins supported by 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) followed by an acidic‐promoted and microwave‐assisted intramolecular cyclization, that involves the elimination of both nitrous acid and water molecules. Products were obtained in satisfactory to good overall yields (55–78%).
One‐step Annulation/Chlorination towards Chlorinated Diphenanthro, Dibenzophenanthro, and Dichrysenothiophens
Authors: Venkateswarlu Samala , Kumar Sushil , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOne‐step Scholl and chlorination reactions on fourteen polyaryl thiophenes offered regioselective preparations of chlorinated diphenanthro‐, dibenzophenanthro‐, dichrysenothiophenes derivatives. Specific annulating patterns and the positions of chlorination in these polyheteroaromatics were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses for the selected ones. Despite being twisted in their molecular frameworks, these derivatives packed into near‐perfect face‐to‐face styles.
Stressful social environment and financial strain drive depressive symptoms, and reveal the effects of a FKBP5 variant and male sex, in African Americans living in Tallahassee
Authors: Fuller Kia , Gravlee Clarence C. , McCarty Christopher , Mitchell Miaisha M. , Mulligan Connie J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe World Health Organization estimates that almost 300 million people suffer from depression worldwide. African Americans are understudied for depression‐related phenotypes despite widespread racial disparities. In our study of African Americans, we integrated information on psychosocial stressors with genetic variation in order to better understand how these factors associated with depressive symptoms.MethodsOur research strategy combined information on financial strain and social networks with genetic data to investigate variation in symptoms of depression (CES‐D scores). We collected self‐report data on depressive symptoms, financial strain (difficulty paying bills) and personal social networks (a model of an individual's social environment), and we genotyped genetic variants in five genes previously implicated in depressive disorders (HTR1a, BDNF, GNB3, SLC6A4, and FKBP5) in 128 African Americans residing in Tallahassee, Florida. We tested for direct and gene–environment interactive effects of the psychosocial stressors and genetic variants on depressive symptoms.ResultsSignificant associations were identified between high CES‐D scores and a stressful social environment (i.e., a high percentage of people in participants' social network who were a source of stress) and high financial strain. Only one genetic variant (rs1360780 in FKBP5) was significantly associated with CES‐D scores and only when psychosocial stressors were included in the model; the T allele had an additive effect on depressive symptoms. Sex was also significantly associated with CES‐D score in the model with psychosocial stressors and genetic variants; males had higher CES‐D scores. No significant interactive effects were detected.ConclusionsA stressful social environment and material disadvantage increase depressive symptoms in the study population. Additional associations with FKBP5 and male sex were revealed in models that included both psychosocial and genetic data. Our results suggest that incorporating psychosocial stressors may empower future genetic association studies and help clarify the biological consequences of social and financial stress.
Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Economics and ethics
Authors: Roland Lauren T. , Regenberg Alan , Luong Amber U. , Wise Sarah K. , Toskala Elina , Lam Kent K. , Levy Joshua M. , Franzese Christine B. , Smith Kristine , Kim Jean 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBiologics have recently been approved for use in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps patients. While effective in controlling disease on subjective and objective short‐term outcome measures, limited data suggest that biologics have the potential to be used long term. The current wholesale acquisition costs for biologics are quite high. Widespread, prolonged use of these medications may create a large burden to our healthcare system. Cost‐effectiveness analyses, particularly for specific patient cohorts, are needed to determine appropriate use of these medications. The ethics of patient preference of various treatment options, counseling regarding side effect profiles, and healthcare economics also need to be addressed.