bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 as PCR marker to identify diatoms and their associated lineage
Authors: Vinayak Vandana , Khan Mohd Jahir , Jha Anupam Nath , Harish  
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe morphological characteristics of diatoms are useful for studying their taxonomy. However, the distinction between closely related diatom taxa can be very difficult, especially when the morphological characters are modified by environmental constraints. In the present study, 13 fresh water diatoms were identified morphologically and cultured under axenic conditions. To check this, PCR primers specific for multilocus genes were designed to amplify and screen 13 fresh water diatom monocultures. Multilocus PCR primers (DRR3, scfcpA,Lhcf11,SIT1,SIT3,SIT4,LOC101218388,COI‐5P,rbcL,rbcL‐3P,LSU D2/D3,UPA,psaA, and18S rRNA) were tested. It was found thatpsaAgene, a plant pigment chlorophyll‐based PCR marker, amplified in all the diatoms. Out of 13 diatom amplicons, only two fresh water diatoms DNA were sequenced. This includedCyclotella meneghinianaandSellaphora pupula. The Sanger sequencing results thus established that morphologically identified diatom,Sellaphora pupula, exhibited close phylogeny toSellaphorawhereas fresh waterCyclotella meneghinianahas close lineage to marine diatomThallosiosira.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Pan Jiaqi , Cen Li , Zhou Tianyu , Yu Mengli , Chen Xueyang , Jiang Wenxi , Li Youming , Yu Chaohui , Shen Zhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsInsulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is recently proved to be associated with glucose regulation and insulin resistance. However, little is known about its direct impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of IGFBP1 in NAFLD.MethodsWe first measured the expression level of IGFBP1 in NAFLD patients, mice, and cells. Then in in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with a methionine/choline‐deficient (MCD) diet for 4 weeks to establish the model of NAFLD. And for the last 2 weeks, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with vehicle or recombinant mouse IGFBP1 0.015 mg/kg/d. The L02 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFA) or palmitate acids (PA) and recombinant IGFBP1 for 48 h. Integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor and small interfering RNA were used to explore the potential interactions between IGFBP1 and integrin β1 (ITGB1).ResultsThe expression of IGFBP1 was increased in NAFLD patients, mice, and cells. IGFBP1 treatment significantly ameliorated lipid accumulation and hepatic injury in MCD‐fed mice. IGFBP1 downregulated hepatic lipogenesis and upregulated lipid β‐oxidation. In addition, IGFBP1 attenuated the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathways. In vitro, we proved that IGFBP1 relieved FFA‐induced lipid accumulation via interacting with ITGB1 and alleviated inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB and ERK signaling pathways.ConclusionsIGFBP1 treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis by interacting with ITGB1 and suppressed inflammation by inhibiting NF‐κB and ERK signaling pathways. Therefore, IGFBP1 might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Enantiomers of 4‐aminopentanoic acid act as false GABAergic neurotransmitters and impact mouse behavior
Authors: Wawro Adam M. , Gajera Chandresh R. , Baker Steven A. , Leśniak Robert K. , Montine Kathleen S. , Fischer Curt R. , Saw Nay L. , Shamloo Mehrdad , Montine Thomas J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractImbalance in the metabolic pathway linking excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission has been implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Recently, we described enantiomer‐specific effects of 2‐methylglutamate, which is not decarboxylated to the corresponding methyl analogue of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA): 4‐aminopentanoic acid (4APA). Here, we tested the hypothesis that 4APA also has enantiomer‐specific actions in brain. Mouse cerebral synaptosome uptake (nmol/mg protein over 30 min) of (R)‐4APA or (S)‐4APA was time and temperature dependent; however, the R enantiomer had greater uptake, reduction of endogenous GABA concentration, and release following membrane depolarization than did the S enantiomer. (S)‐4APA exhibited some weak agonist (GABAA α4β3δ, GABAA α5β2γ2, and GABAB B1/B2) and antagonist (GABAA α6β2γ2) activity while (R)‐4APA showed weak agonist activity only with GABAA α5β2γ2. Both 4APA enantiomers (100 mg/kg IP) were detected in mouse brain 10 min after injection, and by 1 hr had reached concentrations that were stable over 6 hr; both enantiomers were cleared rapidly from mouse serum over 6 hr. Two‐month‐old mice had no mortality following 100–900 mg/kg IP of each 4APA enantiomer but did have similar dose‐dependent reduction in distance moved in a novel cage. Neither enantiomer at 30 or 100 mg/kg impacted outcomes in 23 measures of well‐being, activity chamber, or withdrawal from hot plate. Our results suggest that enantiomers of 4APA are active in mouse brain, and that (R)‐4APA may act as a novel false neurotransmitter of GABA. Future work will focus on disease models and on possible applications as neuroimaging agents.
image
Reimagining the Global South: Consumer welfare and public policy insights from the United States' Gulf Coast
Authors: Dadzie Charlene A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPockets of vulnerable communities located in the US Gulf Coast live out a curious existence, experiencing diseases, environmental disruptions, healthcare access challenges, and quality of life characteristic of the Global South. The persistent lack of access to goods and services available in other parts of the US hinders these individuals' consumption adequacy. Thus, policymakers have an opportunity to develop impactful solutions informed by a nuanced understanding of the challenges to these consumers' welfare.
Effects of Covid‐19 lockdown on parental functioning in vulnerable families
Authors: Helland Maren Sand , Lyngstad Torkild Hovde , Holt Tonje , Larsen Linda , Røysamb Espen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about how the initial Covid‐19 lockdown influenced parental functioning in vulnerable families.BackgroundThe Covid‐19 pandemic has caused major changes to family life. Using a natural experiment design can potentially adjudicate on former inconclusive findings about the effects of lockdown on parental functioning in vulnerable families.MethodResponses from parents in a sample of potentially vulnerable families in Norway were divided into a lockdown group if participating at baseline and during the initial Covid‐19 lockdown (n = 820 responses) or into a control group if participating at baseline and before lockdown (n = 1368 responses). Mixed model regression analyses were used to mimic a wait‐list design investigating direct lockdown effects on mental health, parenting stress, and three aspects of interparental conflicts, as well as moderation effects.ResultsThe lockdown group showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress compared with the control group, but no aversive lockdown effect on mental health or destructive conflicts were found. In fact, decreased levels of verbal aggression and child involvement in conflict were found during lockdown among parents living apart. Pre‐existing financial problems and conflict levels, age of youngest child, and parent gender did not moderate the lockdown effects.ConclusionThe initial lockdown did not seem to adversely affect parental functioning, beyond increased parenting stress. Caution should be taken when generalizing the findings as child effects and long‐term lockdown effects were not investigated.
Comparison of outcomes with the single‐puncture and double‐puncture techniques of arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nagori Shakil Ahmed , Bansal Adity , Jose Anson , Roychoudhury Ajoy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intra‐operative and postoperative outcomes between the single‐puncture and the standard double‐puncture techniques of arthrocentesis.MethodsPubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to 31st August 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective studies conducted on patients with temporomandibular joint disorders comparing any type of single‐puncture arthrocentesis with standard double‐puncture arthrocentesis and reporting intra‐operative/postoperative outcomes were included. Assessment of the risk of bias was done with the Cochrane Collaboration risk assessment tool.ResultsThirteen studies were included (12 were RCTs). Analysis of a limited number of studies indicated no difference in pain or maximal mouth opening (MMO) between the single‐puncture type‐1 or type‐2 and the double‐puncture technique at various follow‐up intervals. Pooled analysis (four studies) demonstrated that the single‐puncture type‐2 technique requires significantly less operating time as compared to the double‐puncture method. No such difference was noted between single‐puncture type‐1 and double‐puncture techniques. Analysis of two studies indicated significantly reduced intra‐operative needle relocations with the single‐puncture techniques. Studies were not of high quality with concerns of bias in randomisation, allocation concealment and blinding.ConclusionsLimited data indicate no difference in pain or MMO with single‐ or double‐puncture techniques of arthrocentesis. Amongst the three techniques, the single‐puncture type‐2 technique has the advantages of significantly lower operating time and reduced intra‐operative needle relocations and it may be the preferred method of TMJ arthrocentesis in clinical practice.
In‐person vs home schooling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Differences in sleep, circadian timing, and mood in early adolescence
Authors: Stone Julia E. , Phillips Andrew J. K. , Chachos Evangelos , Hand Anthony J. , Lu Sinh , Carskadon Mary A. , Klerman Elizabeth B. , Lockley Steven W. , Wiley Joshua F. , Bei Bei , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. ,   for the CLASS Study Team
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, schools around the world rapidly transitioned from in‐person to remote learning, providing an opportunity to examine the impact of in‐person vs remote learning on sleep, circadian timing, and mood. We assessed sleep‐wake timing using wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries over 1‐2 weeks during in‐person learning (n = 28) and remote learning (n = 58, where n = 27 were repeat assessments) in adolescents (age M ± SD = 12.79 ± 0.42 years). Circadian timing was measured under a single condition in each individual using salivary melatonin (Dim Light Melatonin Onset; DLMO). Online surveys assessed mood (PROMIS Pediatric Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms) and sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale – Child and Adolescent) in each condition. During remote (vs in‐person) learning: (i) on school days, students went to sleep 26 minutes later and woke 49 minutes later, resulting in 22 minutes longer sleep duration (all P < .0001); (ii) DLMO time did not differ significantly between conditions, although participants woke at a later circadian phase (43 minutes, P = .03) during remote learning; and (iii) participants reported significantly lower sleepiness (P = .048) and lower anxiety symptoms (P = .006). Depressive symptoms did not differ between conditions. Changes in mood symptoms were not mediated by sleep. Although remote learning continued to have fixed school start times, removing morning commutes likely enabled adolescents to sleep longer, wake later, and to wake at a later circadian phase. These results indicate that remote learning, or later school start times, may extend sleep and improve some subjective symptoms in adolescents.
Association between periodontal inflammation and serum lipid profile in a healthy population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mikami Risako , Mizutani Koji , Matsuyama Yusuke , Matsuura Takanori , Kido Daisuke , Takeda Kohei , Takemura Shu , Nakagawa Keita , Mukaiyama Yuto , Suda Tomonari , Yasuda Takako , Ohta Syujiro , Takaya Norihide , Fujiwara Takeo , Izumi Yuichi , Iwata Takanori 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe impact of periodontal inflammation on lipid metabolism is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between full‐mouth periodontal inflammation and serum lipid levels.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we performed periodontal and bacteriological examinations during medical checkup on 131 subjects. The association between the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and the lipid markers was analyzed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and body mass index.ResultsOverall, 118 medically healthy participants were analyzed. The proportions of none, mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis were 37.3%, 32.2%, 25.4%, and 5.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in participants with the lowest tertile of PISA values (PISA low, coefficient: 7.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63, 14.26, p = .01) compared to those in other tertiles (PISA high). Low‐density/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were significantly lower in the PISA‐low group than the PISA‐high group (coefficient: −0.26 and −0.30; 95% CI: −0.50, −0.02, and −0.59, −0.0002; p = .04 and .0498). Serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level, but not serum Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody titer, partly explained the association between PISA and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. A significant interaction between female sex and PISA values toward high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level was detected.ConclusionPeriodontal inflammation was inversely associated with higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially in females. Elevated serum C‐reactive protein partly explained this association.
Mending fences in a buyer–supplier relationship: The role of justice in relationship restoration
Authors: Mir Saif , Blessley Misty , Zacharia Zach , Aloysius John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWhile the extant literature has examined causes for buyer–supplier relationship dissolution, the restoration of severed buyer–supplier relationships has been overlooked. Drawing on organizational justice theory, our research develops and tests a model of relationship restoration. We examine how the supplier's restoration tactics—acknowledgment, compensation, and operational transparency, influence the interactional, distributive, and procedural fairness perception, respectively, of the buyer, resulting in relationship restoration. The results are based on a 2 (Acknowledgment – Yes/No) × 2 (Compensation – Yes/No) × 2 (Operational Transparency – Yes/No) vignette‐based study with 390 experienced practitioners. The analysis shows that compensating the buyer and providing transparent procedures for dealing with similar situations in the future, lead to higher distributive fairness and procedural fairness, respectively, resulting in restored relationships. Compensation makes up for past supplier malperformance, whereas operational transparency mitigates future concerns. We also find that restoration tactics based on interactional justice are less effective than those based on procedural and distributive justice. There is only marginal support for the indirect positive effect of acknowledgment on restoration intentions (p < 0.10). These results point to the importance of knowing how to approach a buyer to initiate relationship restoration. Managers must understand and evaluate the specific needs of each buyer when proposing a compensatory design that appeals to the buyer. Additionally, establishing procedures that are appealing to all buyers can be a challenge for a supplier, due to the differing benefits to the supplier provided by each buyer.
Mindful larks and lonely owls: The relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in young adults
Authors: Walsh Nyissa A. , Repa Lily M. , Garland Sheila N. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryChronotype is related to mental health, with evening chronotypes being more susceptible to psychological disorders than intermediate and morning types. The present study investigated the relationship between chronotype, mental health, sleep quality, and social support in Canadian young adults. We surveyed 3160 university students aged 18–35 years. Participants completed the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Medical Outcomes Study – Social Support Survey. We conducted Bonferroni‐corrected one‐way analyses of covariance with post hoc paired comparisons to determine the relationship between the aforementioned variables, with age and sex as covariates. We further looked at the moderation of social support on the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. Overall, 55%, 36% and 9% of participants were classified as intermediate, evening and morning types, respectively. There was a significant difference between chronotype on levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality, with evening types reporting more severe symptomology than morning‐types and intermediate types. Morning types reported greater levels of overall social support and mindfulness. Evening types reported the lowest levels of all types of social support. Social support did not moderate the relationship between chronotype and sleep quality. This study further demonstrates the association between worse psychological well‐being and eveningness and between more social support, and mindfulness in morning chronotype young adults. Education and intervention are warranted to help evening chronotypes manage the potential negative features of their circadian rhythm, as well as to cultivate a greater sense of social support and mindfulness.
Multiple soil factors explain eutrophication signals in the understorey vegetation of temperate forests
Authors: Roth Marina , Michiels Hans‐Gerhard , Puhlmann Heike , Sucker Carina , Hauck Markus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractQuestionsVegetation in forest understories is determined by a complex interplay of many different environmental factors, including light, water and nutrient availability. Changes in these conditions, especially changes in nitrogen (N) availability, have been widely discussed to cause shifts in species composition and loss of oligotrophic species. We examined whether nitrogen is the most important factor for the decline of nitrogen‐sensitive species in understorey communities, as measured by average Ellenberg N values and the share and number of nitrogen‐sensitive character species.LocationNine different oligo–mesotrophic types of temperate forest in southwest Germany.MethodsWe combined understorey vegetation and soil data from 135 forest stands. To study the importance of variables in explaining the vegetation gradients, we used random forest analyses and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations combined with fitting of environmental vectors.ResultsWe detected strong differences between three examined forest type groups: eutrophication in the understorey vegetation of broad‐leaved forests on carbonate soils was strongly related to high canopy closure and low soil carbon/phosphorus (C/P) ratio. In broad‐leaved forests on acidic soil, base saturation played a major role, but the vegetation was also influenced by the C/N and C/P ratios. In coniferous forests on acidic soil, soil pH and organic layer depth were important, as were the C/N, C/P and N/P ratios.ConclusionOur results show that eutrophication in understorey forest vegetation is not monocausal. Rather, oligotrophic species of forest communities are reduced at sites with higher N or P availability and/or higher base saturation and soil pH. These conditions favor fast‐growing ubiquitous species in the competition for light and other limiting factors. Since these factors were of varying importance between the forest types examined, differences shaping the forest communities need to be regarded when evaluating the impact of environmental changes, for example through atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
Male meiotic recombination rate varies with seasonal temperature fluctuations in wild populations of autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Weitz Andrew P. , Dukic Marinela , Zeitler Leo , Bomblies Kirsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMeiosis, the cell division by which eukaryotes produce haploid gametes, is essential for fertility in sexually reproducing species. This process is sensitive to temperature, and can fail outright at temperature extremes. At less extreme values, temperature affects the genome‐wide rate of homologous recombination, which has important implications for evolution and population genetics. Numerous studies in laboratory conditions have shown that recombination rate plasticity is common, perhaps nearly universal, among eukaryotes. These studies have also shown that variation in the length or timing of stresses can strongly affect results, raising the important question whether these findings translate to more variable field conditions. Moreover, lower or higher recombination rate could cause certain kinds of meiotic aberrations, especially in polyploid species—raising the additional question whether temperature fluctuations in field conditions cause problems. Here, we tested whether (1) recombination rate varies across a season in the wild in two natural populations of autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa, (2) whether recombination rate correlates with temperature fluctuations in nature, and (3) whether natural temperature fluctuations might cause meiotic aberrations. We found that plants in two genetically distinct populations showed a similar plastic response with recombination rate increases correlated with both high and low temperatures. In addition, increased recombination rate correlated with increased multivalent formation, especially at lower temperature, hinting that polyploids in particular may suffer meiotic problems in conditions they encounter in nature. Our results show that studies of recombination rate plasticity done in laboratory settings inform our understanding of what happens in nature.