bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Aspects of Vitamin D: Clinical Utility of Vitamin D Metabolite Profiling
Authors: Jones Glenville , Kaufmann Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe assay of vitamin D that began in the 1970s with the quantification of one or two metabolites, 25‐OH‐D or 1,25‐(OH)2D, continues to evolve with the emergence of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) as the technique of choice. This highly accurate, specific, and sensitive technique has been adopted by many fields of endocrinology for the measurement of multiple other components of the metabolome, and its advantage is that it not only makes it feasible to assay 25‐OH‐D or 1,25‐(OH)2D but also other circulating vitamin D metabolites in the vitamin D metabolome. In the process, this broadens the spectrum of vitamin D metabolites, which the clinician can use to evaluate the many complex genetic and acquired diseases of calcium and phosphate homeostasis involving vitamin D. Several examples are provided in this review that additional metabolites (eg, 24,25‐(OH)2D3, 25‐OH‐D3‐26,23‐lactone, and 1,24,25‐(OH)3D3) or their ratios with the main forms offer valuable additional diagnostic information. This approach illustrates that biomarkers of disease can also include metabolites devoid of biological activity. Herein, a case is presented that the decision to switch to a LC‐MS/MS technology permits the measurement of a larger number of vitamin D metabolites simultaneously and does not need to lead to a dramatic increase in cost or complexity because the technique uses a highly versatile tandem mass spectrometer with plenty of reserve analytical capacity. Physicians are encouraged to consider adding this rapidly evolving technique aimed at evaluating the wider vitamin D metabolome toward streamlining their approach to calcium‐ and phosphate‐related disease states. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Critical aspects of the physiological interactions between lead and magnesium
Authors: Wyparło‐Wszelaki Magdalena , Machoń‐Grecka Anna , Wąsik Marta , Dobrakowski Michał 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite technological progress, exposure to lead is an ongoing problem. There are many mechanisms governing the toxic effects of lead on the human body. One such mechanism involves the interaction of this xenobiotic with bivalent metal ions, including magnesium. Literature data suggest that the competition between these elements for binding sites at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as at the systemic level, may represent an important aspect of lead toxicity in the human body. This is especially clear in the context of oxidative stress, immune response, and gene expression modifications. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding these issues.
The distal arthrogryposis‐linked p.R63C variant promotes the stability and nuclear accumulation of TNNT3
Authors: Lu Jinfang , Li Huanzheng , Zhang He , Lin Zhengxiu , Xu Chenyang , Xu Xueqin , Hu Lin , Luan Zhaotang , Lou Yongliang , Tang Shaohua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDistal arthrogryposis (DA) is comprised of a group of rare developmental disorders in muscle, characterized by multiple congenital contractures of the distal limbs. Fast skeletal muscle troponin‐T (TNNT3) protein is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in DA. Missense variants in TNNT3 are associated with DA, but few studies have fully clarified its pathogenic role.MethodsSanger sequencing was performed in three generation of a Chinese family with DA. To determine how the p.R63C variant contributed to DA, we identified a variant in TNNT3 (NM_006757.4): c.187C>T (p.R63C). And then we investigated the effects of the arginine to cysteine substitution on the distribution pattern and the half‐life of TNNT3 protein.ResultsThe protein levels of TNNT3 in affected family members were 0.8‐fold higher than that without the disorder. TNNT3 protein could be degraded by the ubiquitin‐proteasome complex, and the p.R63C variant did not change TNNT3 nuclear localization, but significantly prolonged its half‐life from 2.5 to 7 h, to promote its accumulation in the nucleus.ConclusionThe p.R63C variant increased the stability of TNNT3 and promoted nuclear accumulation, which suggested its role in DA.
Building power through reindigenization: Sharing the story of Menīkānaehkem
Authors: Faust Victoria , Pollard Ethen , Welch Kristin , Hilgendorf Amy , (Anahkwet) Reiter Guy , Brown Tony , Thunder Cherie , Wescott Sara , Wilber Dawn , Christens Brian D. , Wells Alexandra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCulture shapes and animates how community organizing is understood and carried out in specific contexts. Many frameworks for examining organizing, however, do not effectively attend to the influences of culture. Greater understanding of how culture can be imbued in organizing can help to ground it in the social realities of organizing participants and can advance approaches to organizing that honor the past and present of specific cultures. This study details local culturally grounded community organizing work rooted in Indigenous, and specifically Menominee, culture. First, it provides a description of the formation of the organization Menīkānaehkem in the Menominee Nation and includes examples of how current organizing practices of Menīkānaehkem build from long‐standing Menominee cultural practices. It then highlights the reinvigoration of cultural practices, or re‐indigenization, as an important goal for community power building in Menīkānaehkem. It ends with a discussion of the importance of culture in frameworks for understanding, analyzing, and promoting organizing as an endeavor to advance well‐being in a way that also interrupts cycles of structural oppression, such as legacies of settler colonialism.
Role of biofilms in the degradation of microplastics in aquatic environments
Authors: Debroy Abhrajit , George Nancy , Mukherjee Gunjan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroplastics are pollutants of emerging concern that have already gained significance in recent years because of their recalcitrant nature and their detrimental effects on living beings and the ecosystem. Due to their small size, microplastics are easily integrated into biogeochemical cycles and food webs, drastically affecting the environment. Our current knowledge on the interactions of microplastics with various components of ecosystems is limited; however, considering their potential long‐term impact, massive research efforts are underway to understand the environmental fate of microplastics and any possible strategies for remediation. In marine ecosystems, plastic surfaces are mostly colonized by microorganisms that form biofilms. Plastic‐biofilm interactions potentially influence the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, thereby leading to its degradation. Hence, to mitigate the foreseen nuisance of microplastics contamination, biofilms are being considered as potential candidates for the remediation of marine environments. Though the interactions between plastic and microbes are still inadequately understood, much of the research in the field is being focused on this aspect. In this review, we discuss several types and sources of microplastics, along with their trophic transfer and negative impacts on ecosystem. In addition, we focus on the current knowledge and explain the research gaps in understanding plastic‐microbe interactions in marine environments, while highlighting the role of biofilms in the degradation of microplastic debris. Finally, we comment on the future aspects and research priorities in this field to further elaborate the role of microorganisms in determining the fate of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparison of mechanical and optical properties of a newly marketed universal composite resin with contemporary universal composite resins: An in vitro study
Authors: Gurgan Sevil , Koc Vural Uzay , Miletic Ivana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, microhardness, color change, and translucency of a newly marketed universal nanohybrid composite resin (CR) (G‐aenial A'CHORD) comparing with four contemporary universal CRs including two nanofilled (Filtek and Estelite Asteria) and two nanohybrid CRs (Charisma Dimond and Neo Spectra ST HV in vitro). Sixty‐five specimens (8.0 mm × 2.0 mm) were fabricated (n = 13, per group). After finishing and polishing, specimens were subjected to surface roughness and microhardness tests. Color and translucency of the specimens were evaluated at baseline and after darkening with coffee solution at day 1 and day 7. A representative specimen from each group was investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data was analyzed statistically (p < .05). There were significant differences among the groups in terms of surface roughness, microhardness, color, and translucency. The surface roughness was recorded as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, G‐aenial A'CHORD, whereas Vickers Hardness number was as: Filtek, Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Estelite Asteria. Color change was as: Charisma Diamond > Neo Spectra ST HV, Filtek, G‐aenial A'CHORD > Estelite Asteria and the translucency was as: Neo Spectra ST HV > G‐aenial A'CHORD, Filtek > Estelite Asteria, Charisma Diamond. SEM examinations revealed smooth surfaces for G‐aenial A'CHORD, Neo Spectra ST HV and Estelite Asteria. Mechanical and optical properties of universal composite resins with different compositions show variations.
Clinical features and independent predictors for recurrence of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Liu Ke , Yang Xiuli , Feng Chen , Chen Mei , Zhang Chuantao , Wang Yuelian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPatients with COVID‐19 may be recurrence positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) RNA after being cured and discharged from the hospital. The aim of this study was to explore independent influencing factors as markers for predicting positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence. The study included 601 COVID‐19 patients who were cured and discharged from the Public and Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu from January 2020 to March 2021, and the recurrence positive of patients within 6 weeks after SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA turned negative was followed up. We used propensity score matching to eliminate the influence of confounding factors, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors for positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the elevated serum potassium (odds ratio [OR] = 6.537, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.864–22.931, p = 0.003), elevated blood chlorine (OR = 1.169, 95% CI: 1.032–1.324, p = 0.014) and elevated CD3+CD4+ count (OR = 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001–1.004, p < 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for positive SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence (p < 0.05). The difference in virus shedding duration (OR = 1.049, 95% CI: 1.000–1.100, p = 0.05) was borderline statistically significant. For sensitivity analysis, we included virus shedding duration as a categorical variable in the model again and found that the OR value related to recurrence positively increased with delayed virus shedding duration, and the trend test showed a statistical difference (P trend = 0.03). Meanwhile, shortening of activated partial prothrombinase time (OR = 0.908, 95% CI: 0.824–1.000, p = 0.049) was identified as an independent protection factor for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA recurrence positive. We have identified independent factors that affect the recurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA positive. It is recommended that doctors pay attention to these indicators when first admitted to the hospital.
New perspectives for studying the role of affect in interpersonal work relationships
Authors: Tse Herman H. M. , Troth Ashlea C. , Ashkanasy Neal M. , Liden Robert C. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe impetus for this special issue, which focuses on the role of affect in interpersonal work relationships, derives from recent concerns scholars have expressed about one model of interpersonal work relationships, namely, the leader–member exchange (LMX) perspective. In particular, scholars have noted that research on the role of affect in LMX is being impeded because of three factors: (1) limited theoretical frameworks, (2) insufficient research integrating both relationship parties, and (3) a scarcity of studies that adopt a multilevel perspective. In this introductory article, we begin by detailing our reasons for undertaking the special issue and discuss why the three factors hamper research on affect, not only in LMX, but in understanding the nature of interpersonal work relationships in general. We next summarize the eight articles comprising this special issue and examine how each tackles the three issues by either considering alternative theoretical frameworks, incorporating all relational parties, and/or by taking a multilevel approach. Finally, we discuss new perspectives and promising directions for future research endeavors on this topic. It is our intention that this special issue should stimulate further research to explore the dynamic role affect plays in shaping interpersonal work relationships at multiple levels of organizational analysis.
Biochar and compost amendments alter the structure of the soil fungal network in a karst mountainous area
Authors: Yan Taotao , Xue Jianhui , Zhou Zhidong , Wu Yongbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe karst ecosystem is prone to degradation and this accounts for a large proportion of land degradation in southwestern China. In order to improve the nutrient status and microbial community structure of karst soil, the amendment method of combining biochar, compost, and chemical fertilizer l was explored. With CK as the control, M as manure compost, B as wood biochar, and F as chemical fertilizer, field trials were set up with eight treatments. The results showed that the biochar treatments led to higher fungal diversity and soil nutrient content than no‐biochar treatments, and the compost treatments resulted in higher fungal diversity and soil nutrient content than no‐compost treatments. Cluster and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses indicated that the composition and structure of the fungal community varied under different treatments; both the compost fungal network and biochar fungal network were more complex than their respective control networks. Soil carbon and nutrient fractions had significant effects on soil fungal networks. In short, the addition of both biochar and manure compost enlarged the complexity of microbial‐related networks and enhanced the soil nutrient status, indicating that biochar‐based fertilizer was beneficial in karst‐degraded soil restoration.
In Situ Electrodeposition of Gold Nanostructures in 3D Ultra‐Thin Hydrogel Skins for Direct Molecular Detection in Complex Mixtures with High Sensitivity
Authors: Ansah Iris Baffour , Kim Sunho , Yang Jun‐Yeong , Mun ChaeWon , Jung Ho Sang , Lee Seunghun , Kim Dong‐Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun , Park Sung‐Gyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on nanostructured metals has promise as a nondestructive tool for sensitive molecular detection. However, metal surfaces are prone to fouling by the nonspecific adsorption of macromolecules, which limits the selective detection of small molecules in complex fluids. Therefore, samples must be purified and enriched before Raman analysis, which makes on‐site detection difficult. In the present work, Au nanopillar arrays are encapsulated with ultra‐thin hydrogel skins to protect the metal surfaces against macromolecular interferents while selectively allowing the infusion of small target molecules. In addition, densely packed Au nanostructures are produced in situ in the 3D mesh of the hydrogel skin via electrodeposition, which effectively captures targets into dense plasmonic nanogaps, providing rapid and ultrasensitive molecular detection. The synergistic influence of the size‐selective permeability of the hydrogel skin and the in situ formation of hotspots enables the direct, highly sensitive detection of pyocyanin dissolved in an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin and human serum. It is believed that the new nanocomposite materials and techniques will enable rapid and affordable SERS‐based on‐site analysis and point‐of‐care testing.
Single Pulse Manipulations in Synthetic Time‐Frequency Space
Authors: Li Guangzhen , Yu Danying , Yuan Luqi , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSynthetic dimensions in photonic structures provide unique opportunities for actively manipulating light in multiple degrees of freedom. Here, a dispersive waveguide under the dynamic phase modulation is theoretically explored, which supports single pulse manipulations in the synthetic (2+1) dimensions. Compared with the counterpart of the conventional (2+1) space‐time, temporal diffraction and frequency conversion in a synthetic time‐frequency space are demonstrated while the pulse evolves along the spatial dimension. It is found that a rich set of pulse propagation behaviors can be achieved by introducing the effective non‐uniform gauge potential for photons in the synthetic time‐frequency space with the control of the modulation phase, including confined pulse propagation, fast/slow light, and pulse compression. With the additional nonperiodic oscillation subject to the effective force along the frequency axis of light, this work provides an exotic approach for actively manipulating the single pulse in both temporal and spectral domains, which shows the great promise for applications of the pulse processing and optical communications in integrated photonics.
Postpolymerization Modification: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Function Tuning of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers
Authors: Chen Xu , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymers are a type of functional polymers showing a change in their physicochemical properties in response to external stimuli, such as temperature, pH, and electrochemical potential application, and they can be used in biosensors, biomedicine, and separation technology. Postmodification of polymers plays an important role in designing stimuli‐responsive polymers in terms of their synthesis, tuning of their thermoresponsivity, and functionalization. A variety of topological polymer structures, such as a comb, sphere, and dendrimer, can be produced, and the resultant tuning of the transition temperatures and phase types (lower critical solution temperature‐ or upper critical solution temperature‐type) can be achieved. Furthermore, postmodification techniques are employed as a useful tool to functionalize precursor polymers or improve the responsive properties of the polymers, which expands the applicable fields of these polymers. In this review, click chemistry‐related reactions, the esterification reaction, and surface‐initiated polymerization are the focus as efficient postmodification reactions to produce high‐performance stimuli‐responsive polymers.
Mitigation of chloride driven stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 316L austenitic stainless steel using plasma sprayed TiO2 coating
Authors: Kumar K. , Bhadauria S. S. , Singh A. P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study proposes a protective TiO2 coating against chloride driven stress corrosion cracking problem of 316L austenitic stainless steel. To test the performance of the proposed coating, the severe chloride‐based boiling magnesium chloride solution at 155 °C was chosen. For experimentation, the constant strain‐based U‐bend specimens were coated with TiO2 using atmospheric plasma spray method. The results indicated higher resistance by TiO2 coated specimens against stress corrosion cracking problem, while the bare specimens experienced severe damage in the boiling magnesium chloride solution under various strain loading configurations. The coating‐electrolyte system of TiO2 coated sample demonstrated over seven times higher resistance, eventually led to reduction in corrosion rate over fifteen times compared to the bare 316L stainless steel in the boiling magnesium chloride solution. This improved performance of the coated 316L stainless steel is attributed to inhibition of outward diffusion of iron‐chromium‐nickel in the corrosive environment and the high chemical stability of TiO2.
Selective outcome reporting across psychopharmacotherapy randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lancee Michelle , Schuring Marleen , Tijdink Joeri K. , Chan An‐Wen , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Luykx Jurjen J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveSelective reporting impairs the valid interpretation of trials and leads to bias with regards to the clinical evidence. We aimed to examine factors associated with selective reporting in psychopharmacotherapy trials and thus enable solutions to prevent such selective reporting in the future.MethodsWe retrieved all registry records of trials investigating medication for depressive, bipolar and psychotic disorders. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with selective reporting as outcome, and funding source, psychiatric disorder, year of study start date, participating centers, and anticipated sample size as explanatory variables, after testing for multicollinearity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated. Two‐sided Fisher exact test was used to compare the proportions of newly added positive primary outcomes with the proportions of positive results in the overall group of primary outcomes.ResultsOf 151 included trials (N = 94,303 participants), 21 (14%) showed irregularities between registered and published primary outcomes. Higher odds of such irregularities were associated with non‐industry‐funded RCTs (AOR 5.3; p = 0.014) and trials investigating major depressive disorder (AOR 12.7; p = 0.024) or schizophrenia (AOR 14.5; p = 0.016; Table 1).ConclusionWe demonstrate discrepancies between trial registrations and publications across RCTs investigating debilitating psychiatric disorders, especially in non‐industry funded RCTs.