bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Effective Technique for Removing Broken Pedicle Screws
Authors: Deng Qian-xing , Zhang Rong , Yu Jian-quan , Tao Yong , Zhan Peng , Fan Hong-wu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Different methods and tools had been developed to remove the broken pedicle screws. Removing a broken pedicle screws was not always easy. We reported a simple and effective technique to remove the broken pedicle screws in this study.Methods: The Institutional Review Board of the Fengdu people's Hospital of Chongqing approved the study. A total of 34 patients (aged 47.76±8.12 years) accepted first operation because of thoracolumbar fractures in our department and other departments were analyzed retrospectively. They accepted secondary surgery to remove the spinal instrumentations when they obtained bone fusion or bone healing from March 2017 to March 2020. We applied a high speed drill (with 2mm diameter), a three rhomboid pointed cone, an acutenaculum, and a larger forceps to remove the broken pedicle screws.Results: The spinal segment of broken pedicle screws was consist of L2 (3 cases), L3 (8 cases), L4 (17 cases), L5 (6 cases). The location of the broken pedicle screws was within the scope of pedicle. There were no complications about broken pedicle screws, such as injury of nerve roots, severe low back pain, and spinal cord injury. The average time of removing the broken pedicle screws was 13.79±3.52 minutes. The mean blood loss of surgery was 72.06±28.05 milliliters. No other complications happened during surgery.Conclusion: A simple and effective technique for removing broken pedicle screws is reported. This technique reserves the original nail road of pedicle, does not destroy the pedicle cortex, and averts producing the debris of spinal instrumentations.
The CoRisk-Index: Measuring economic risks related to COVID-19 in real time
Authors: Braesemann Fabian , Stephany Fabian , Neuhäuser Leonie , Stoehr Niklas , Darius Philipp , Teutloff Ole 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The global spread of Covid-19 has caused major economic disruptions. Governments around the world provide considerable financial support to mitigate the economic downturn. However, effective policy responses require reliable data on the economic consequences of the corona pandemic. We propose the CoRisk-Index: a real-time economic indicator of Covid-19 related risk assessments by industry. Using data mining, we analyse all reports from US companies filed since January 2020, representing more than a third of all US employees. We construct two measures - the number of 'corona' words in each report and the average text negativity of the sentences mentioning corona in each industry - that are aggregated in the CoRisk-Index. The index correlates with U.S. unemployment data and preempts stock market losses of February 2020. Moreover, thanks to topic modelling and natural language processing techniques, the CoRisk data provides unique granularity with regards to the particular contexts of the crisis and the concerns of individual industries about them. The data presented here help researchers and decision makers to measure, the previously unobserved, risk awareness of industries with regard to Covid-19, bridging the quantification gap between highly volatile stock market dynamics and long-term macro-economic figures. For immediate access to the data, we provide all findings and raw data on an interactive online dashboard in real time.
Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes of Harmonic Focus Versus Monopolar Electrocautery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Conservative Surgery: A Comparative Study
Authors: Khaled Islam , Saad Ihab , Soliman Hany , Faisal Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Surgical devices are commonly used during breast conservative surgery (BCS) to provide better hemostasis. The Harmonic scalpel has recently gained momentum as an effective tool for intraoperative bleeding reduction. This comparative study was designed to determine the efficacy of Harmonic Focus in reducing postoperative complications of BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCTH) compared to the conventional method using monopolar diathermy.Results: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was conducted on patients scheduled to undergo BCS with axillary dissection after NCTH. Patients in the Harmonic Focus group had significantly shorter operative times than the monopolar electrocautery group (101.32 ± 27.3 vs. 139.3 ± 31.9 min, respectively; p < 0.001). Besides, blood loss was significantly lower in the Harmonic Focus group (117.14 ± 35.6 vs. 187 ± 49.8 mL, respectively; p < 0.001). Postoperatively, patients in the Harmonic Focus group had a significantly lower volume of chest wall drain (p < 0.001) and shorter time until drain removal (p < 0.001). Likewise, patients in the Harmonic Focus group had a significantly lower volume of axillary drain and shorter time until drain removal than monopolar electrocautery (p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications was comparable between both groups (p = 0.128).Conclusions: This study confirmed the superiority of Harmonic Focus compared to monopolar electrocautery among patients receiving NCTH before BCS.
Tensiomyography Variable Trend of Changes After Acute Muscle Fatigue Induced by Acute Exercise: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yeom Seunghyeok , Lee Hyungwoo , Jeon Kyoungkyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tensiomyography (TMG) has advantage in measuring fatigue. However, no studies have used a meta-analysis approach to analyze the trend of changes in TMG variables for acute muscle fatigue induced by an acute exercise. This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to establish criteria for measuring acute fatigue using TMG by quantifying trend of changes in TMG variables. Searches were conducted in Web of Science and Pubmed from December 6, 2020 to January 7, 2021. 16 studies were included that they used in TMG for measuring acute muscle fatigue that was caused by acute exercises in rectus femoris or biceps femoris. The meta-analysis results indicated that in the biceps femoris, showed a significant (p < .05) decrease in all TMG variables of the elite athletes. Also, in the overall effects of maximum displacement and mean velocity until 90% Dm (Vc90) showed significant (p < .05) decreasing trend. In the rectus femoris, showed a significant (p < .05) decreasing trend was found for maximum displacement (Dm) in the average person, while contraction time (Tc) showed a decreasing trend in elite athletes and overall. In conclusion, acute muscle fatigue was induced decreased Dm, Tc, Vc90 in the TMG measurement after an acute exercise. These results TMG could be used as a muscle fatigue indicator and help develop a more proper protocol for testing the response of body to muscle fatigue.
Capacitance Response of Concave Well Substrate MEMS Double Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor: Robust Design, Theoretical Modeling, Numerical Simulation and Performance Comparison
Authors: Kumar Guru Aathavan Alagu Uthaya , Jindal Sumit Kumar , K SREEKANTH P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor (TMCPS) is very suitable for industrial applications where pressure sensing is necessary because of their linearity, mechanical robust nature and large overload protection from harsh industrial condition. This work proposes an introduction of a notch in the concave substrate for further improvement of the sensitivity of the sensor. Small deflection mode is utilized for the mathematical analysis of the design proposed and MATLAB is utilized for all the software simulations. The sensitivity of the proposed model is very high compared to other models with flat substrate. The analysis and simulation show significant increase in sensitivity in touch mode. The pressure at which the value of the capacitance saturates is also much higher than the designs stated in the literature. The analysis of concave substrate Double Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor (DTMCPS) will be helpful in designing new sensor for performance increase and to evaluate the behaviour of it.
Does the sagittal spinal profile differ between the elderly Chinese populations with and without lumbar disc herniation?
Authors: Song Jipeng , Pan Fumin , Kong Chao , Sun Xiangyao , Wang Yu , Wang Wei , Lu Shibao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The influence of spinopelvic morphology on the Chinese elderly LDH population was not clear. The purpose of this study is to explore its influence on the characteristics of lumbar disc herniation or degeneration.
Methods
212 elderly patients with LDH and 213 asymptomatic volunteers were involved. Spinal parameters were measured on full-length X-ray and compared between two populations. In herniated group, sagittal profiles were determined according to the Roussouly classification, the degenerative grades, the herniated location and the number of intervertebral lumbar disc degeneration were evaluated from the L1 to S1 on MRI scans. The differences on them among Roussouly types were analyzed.
Results
There were no significant differences in BMI, the mean value of age and sex distribution between two populations. Patients were found to have significantly smaller TK, LL, and SS than those volunteers (p < 0.05), while contradicting observations on PT and TPA were obtained (p < 0.05). Roussouly type 1 and type 2 ( 50.4% and 28.7% respectively) are predominant in the LDH population and the proportion of type 1 in elderly LDH is further increased. Subjects with LDH in type 1 and 2 had lower mean herniated locations and fewer mean herniated numbers than those with type 3 and 4.
Conclusions
Sagittal spinopelvic parameters were found to be significantly different in elderly LDH patients and asymptomatic volunteers. There were significant differences in the Roussouly distribution among different age groups of LDH. Different Roussouly subtypes have different effects on lumbar disc degeneration and herniation.
A solution for external costs beyond negotiation and taxation
Authors: Faria Alexandre Magno , Hdom Hélde 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article aims to launch light on the limitations of the Coase and Pigou approach in the solution of externalities. After contextualizing the need for integration of ecological and economic approaches, we are introducing a new conceptual proposal complementary to conventional economic approaches. Whose process is guaranteed by a set of diffuse agents in the economy that partially reverses entropy formation and marginal external costs generated by also diffuse agents? The approach differs in six fundamentals from traditional theory and proposes a new way of analyzing the actions of agents capable of reducing entropy and containing part of external costs in the market economy.
Assessing the external exposome of South African children using wearable passive samplers and high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Koelmel Jeremy P. , Lin Elizabeth Z. , DeLay Kayley , Williams Antony J. , Zhou Yakun , Bornman Riana , Obida Muvhulawa , Chevrier Jonathan , Pollitt Krystal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Children in low- and middle-income countries are often exposed to higher levels of, and more vulnerable to, the health effects of air pollution. Little is known about the diversity, toxicity, and dynamics of airborne chemical exposures at the molecular level. We developed a workflow employing state-of-the-art wearable passive sampling technology coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to comprehensively measure 147 children’s personal exposures to airborne chemicals in Limpopo, South Africa, as part of the VHEMBE study. 637 environmental exposures were detected, many of which have never been measured in this population, including 50 airborne chemical exposures of concern in the children, including biocides, plasticizers, organophosphates, dyes, combustion products, and perfumes. Biocides detected in wristbands included p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, propoxur, piperonyl butoxide, and triclosan. 27% of exposures were significantly different across seasons. Our study provides the first report covering hundreds of chemical exposures among African children, demonstrating chemical exposures warranting further study.
Effect of Body Mass Index on the outcomes of primary Total Knee Arthroplasty up to one year- a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mishra Ashish Kumar , Vaish Abhishek , Vaishya Raju 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Obesity is an important risk factor in development of knee osteoarthritis, and these cases suffer from complications following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The association between obesity and outcomes after TKA is ambiguous. Knowledge is scarce about a definite relation between the two. This study aims to establish a correlation between obesity and early outcomes of TKA.
Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was done in cases undergoing primary knee arthroplasty between September 2019 to August 2020. Obesity was classified in all cases, and multiple variables like pain, functional status, Range of Motion, knee deformity, and Patient Response Outcome Measures were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistical Software version 22.0 and R.3.2.0. The level of statistical significance was taken as p < 0.05.
Results
We studied 100 knees (37 bilateral and 26 unilateral) in 63 cases. Pain score decreased maximally in the normal and overweight group and minimal in class III obesity (p < 0.001). KSS, FKSS, and PROMs gradually improved in all, except in morbidly obese (p < 0.001). Although the improvement in all variables was minimum in class III obesity compared to other classes of obesity, the margin of difference from the preoperative period was maximum in class III obese participants.
Conclusion
All cases, irrespective of class of obesity, experienced a comparable improvement in their knee function and improved quality of life. In addition, the TKA offered substantial benefits in terms of range of movement of the knee, pain relief, knee stability, walking distance, and stairs climbing.
Salivary bacterial signatures in depression-obesity comorbidity are associated with neurotransmitters and neuroactive dipeptides
Authors: Hong Suzi , Aleti Gajender , Kohn Jordan N. , Troyer Emily A. , Weldon Kelly , Huang Shi , Tripathi Anupriya , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Swafford Austin D. , Knight Rob 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDepression and obesity, both of which are highly prevalent and inflammation underlies, often co-occur. Microbiome perturbations are implicated in obesity-inflammation-depression interrelationships, but how microbiome alterations contribute to underlying pathologic processes remains unclear. Metabolomic investigations to uncover microbial neuroactive metabolites may offer mechanistic insights into host-microbe interactions. MethodsUsing 16S sequencing and untargeted mass spectrometry of saliva, and blood monocyte inflammation regulation assays, we determined key microbes, metabolites and host inflammation in association with depressive symptomatology, obesity, and depressive symptomatology-obesity comorbidity. ResultsGram-negative bacteria with inflammation potential were enriched relative to Gram-positive bacteria in comorbid obesity-depression, supporting the inflammation-oral microbiome link in obesity-depression interrelationships. Oral microbiome was highly predictive of depressive symptomatology-obesity co-occurrences than obesity and depressive symptomatology independently, suggesting specific microbial signatures associated with obesity-depression co-occurrences. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed significant changes in levels of signaling molecules of microbiota, microbial or dietary derived signaling peptides and aromatic amino acids among host phenotypes. Furthermore, integration of the microbiome and metabolomics data revealed that key oral microbes, many previously shown to have neuroactive potential, co-occurred with potential neuropeptides and biosynthetic precursors of the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and serotonin. ConclusionsTogether, our findings offer novel insights into oral microbial-brain connection and potential neuroactive metabolites involved.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) in Medical Staff After Outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in China
Authors: Sheng Han , Wang Rong , Yao Ming , Zhou Qinghe , Zhu Zhihong , Fei Yeping , Zhou Xuyan , Liu Qifei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: In the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, medical staff is the main force for aiding in the control of the rapid spread. They have to risk lives to undertake the high-pressure task which may cause immediate and long-term psychological problems. This study aims to explore the trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over time after the outbreak and determine predictors associated with each trajectory. Methods: 448 medical workers participated in the investigation and completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS) for the first PTSD screening at 1 month after the outbreak and 259 (57.81%) of them finished the second round at 12 months. According to whether the medical staff had close contact with the COVID-19 patient, participants were divided into close contact group (CC group) and non-close contact group (non-CC group). While in each group, subgroups were created based on the time-varying changes of developing PTSD. Distinct patterns of PTSD symptom trajectories were established according to the different development of PTSD in respective subgroup. Then, repeated-measure analysis of variance(ANOVA), bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine predictors for trajectory membership.Results: Four trajectories of PTSD symptoms were found both in CC and non-CC group, namely, resilience (25.28%, 45.24%, respectively), recovery (36.26%, 32.74%, respectively), chronic (16.48%, 10.71%, respectively), and delayed (21.98%, 11.31%, respectively). ANOVA revealed that PTSD scores were significantly changed through time both in CCs and non- CCs. With bivariate and multivariate analyses, several socio-demographic predictors and work experience related factors were found in the CC group, while limited ones in the non-CC group. This means that although the trajectory trends are similar between these two groups, the methods of psychological intervention may need to be treated differently. Furthermore, CC group had less resilient individuals (p=0.002) and more delayed PTSD sufferers (p=0.022) compared with non-CC medical staff, which suggest that CCs were more likely to experience PTSD course and encounter long-term psychological problems.Conclusions: A considerable number of medical personnel have long-term PTSD, both in CC group and non-CC group, which deserve public attention. Identified factors may indicate preventive and treatment interventions for medical workers with PTSD symptoms.
Nutritional Status and Associated Factors Among Children 6-59 months Who Attend IMNCI Departments in Bole Sub City Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Worku Lelisa , Bulcha Tesfaye , Taddesse Addisu , Hailu Sisay , Geletu Tadele , Taddesse Mintesinot 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Globally, 52 million children under 5-years of age were wasted and 155 million are stunted, while 41 million are overweight/obese. However, the contemporary rate of tumbling malnutrition is not fast ample to reach the World Health Organization global target for dropping malnutrition by 40% by 2025. Hence aimed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among under-five children IMNCI departments in the Bole Sub City Health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in the Bole sub-city at selected health centers through a cross-sectional study design. 385 Sample were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study population. Binomial and multinomial logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Result: The magnitude of normal nutrition was 69.6%, overweight/obese 3.2%, and undernutrition 27.2 %. Obese mothers increasing odd over nutrition (AOR=9.13, at 95%, CI: 1.05-79.79). While, having counseling about child nutrition (AOR= 18.37, at 95% CI: 4.06-83.08), who feed children (AOR=6.43, 95% CI: 1.11-37.43) and growth monitoring (AOR =0.50, at 95%, CI: 0.26-0.98) were statistically associated with undernutrition.Conclusion: The magnitude of normal nutrition was higher than both under-nutrition and obese/overweight. However, the magnitude of undernutrition chiefly stunting was remained high. Obese mothers, having counseling on nutrition, who feed children, and growth monitoring were statistically associated with nutritional status.
Development of Nanobodies against Mal de Río Cuarto virus major viroplasm protein P9-1 for diagnostic sandwich ELISA and immunodetection
Authors: Llauger Gabriela , Monti Demián , Adúriz Matías , Romão Ema , Dumón Analía Delina , Mattio María Fernanda , Wigdorovitz Andrés , Muyldermans Serge , Vincke Cécile , Parreño Viviana , Vas Mariana del 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) is a member of the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae that causes a devastating disease in maize and is persistently and propagatively transmitted by planthopper vectors. Virus replication and assembly occur within viroplasms formed by viral and host proteins. This work describes the isolation and characterization of llama-derived Nanobodies (Nbs) recognizing the major viral viroplasm component, P9-1. Specific Nbs were selected against recombinant P9-1, with affinities in the nanomolar range as measured by surface plasmon resonance. Three selected Nbs were fused to alkaline phosphatase and eGFP to develop a sandwich ELISA test which showed a high diagnostic sensitivity (99.12%, 95% CI: 95.21–99.98) and specificity (100%, 95% CI: 96.31–100) and a detection limit of 0.236 ng/ml. Interestingly, these Nanobodies recognized different P9-1 conformations and were successfully employed to detect P9-1 in pull-down assays of infected maize extracts. Finally, we demonstrated that fusions of the Nbs to eGFP and RFP allowed the immunodetection of virus present in phloem cells of leaf thin sections. The Nbs developed in this work will aid the study of MRCV epidemiology, assist maize breeding programs, and be valuable tools to boost fundamental research on viroplasm structure and maturation.Gabriela Llauger and Demián Monti equally contributed to this work.