bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of mode switching performance: from training to upper-limb prosthesis use
Authors: Heerschop Anniek , van der Sluis Corry K. , Bongers Raoul M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Current myoelectric prostheses are multi-articulated and offer multiple modes. Switching between modes is often done through pre-defined myosignals, so-called triggers, of which the training hardly is studied. We evaluated if switching skills trained without using a prosthesis transfer to actual prosthesis use and whether the available feedback during training influences this transfer. Furthermore we examined which clinically relevant performance measures and which myosignal features were adapted during training.

Methods
Two experimental groups and one control group participated in a five day pre-test—post-test design study. Both experimental groups used their myosignals to perform a task. One group performed a serious game without seeing their myosignals, the second group was presented their myosignal on a screen. The control group played the serious game using the touchpad of the laptop. Each training session lasted 15 min. The pre- and post-test were identical for all groups and consisted of performing a task with an actual prosthesis, where switches had to be produced to change grip mode to relocate clothespins. Both clinically relevant performance measures and myosignal features were analysed.

Results
10 participants trained using the serious game, 10 participants trained with the visual myosignal and 8 the control task. All participants were unimpaired. Both experimental groups showed significant transfer of skill from training to prosthesis use, the control group did not. The degree of transfer did not differ between the two training groups. Clinically relevant measure ‘accuracy’ and feature of the myosignals ‘variation in phasing’ changed during training.

Conclusions
Training switching skills appeared to be successful. The skills trained in the game transferred to performance in a functional task. Learning switching skills is independent of the type of feedback used during training. Outcome measures hardly changed during training and further research is needed to explain this. It should be noted that five training sessions did not result in a level of performance needed for actual prosthesis use.
Trial registration The study was approved by the local ethics committee (ECB 2014.02.28_1) and was included in the Dutch trial registry (NTR5876).
Defining and characterizing task-shifting medical devices
Authors: Sabet Sarvestani Amir , Coulentianos Marianna , Sienko Kathleen H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Task shifting could help address limited human resources available for the delivery of quality health care services in low-resource settings. However, the role of medical devices in supporting task shifting is not fully understood. This study aimed to 1) define “task-shifting medical devices” and 2) identify product characteristics to guide the design and development of task-shifting medical devices.
A three-part survey questionnaire comprising open-ended, rank-ordering, and multiple-choice questions was disseminated to healthcare professionals worldwide. The survey included questions to capture stakeholders’ general understanding of and preferences for task shifting in medicine and public health, and questions to define task-shifting medical devices and identify desirable product characteristics of task-shifting medical devices.

Results
Task-shifting medical devices were defined by respondents as “devices that can be used by a less specialized health worker”. Aside from safe and effective, both essential characteristics for medical devices, easy to use was the most cited product characteristic for a task-shifting medical device. Responses also emphasized the importance of task-shifting medical devices to enable local agency, such as peer-to-peer training and local maintenance. Several additional frequently mentioned attributes included low cost, contextually appropriate, maintainable, capable of using an alternative power source, easy to understand, easy to learn, reusable, and easy to manage throughout its use cycle.

Conclusion
This study defines and characterizes task-shifting medical devices based on healthcare professionals’ responses. Ease of use was identified as the most important characteristic that defines a task-shifting medical device, alongside safe and effective, and was strongly associated with enabling peer-to-peer training and maintainability. The findings from this study can be used to inform technology product profiles for medical devices used by lower-level cadres of healthcare workers in low-resource settings.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients on ticagrelor therapy is not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes
Authors: Diab Sammer , Arazi Mattan , Sternik Leonid , Raanani Ehud , Kachel Erez , Grosman-Rimon Liza , Shalabi Amjad , Amir Offer , Carasso Shemy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Management of patients treated with Ticagrelor is challenging, as stopping Ticagrelor prior to coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) may increase the risk of acute stent thrombosis. The aim of the study was to compare bleeding complications in patients treated with ticagrelor combined with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) versus ASA alone until 1 day before surgery.

Methods
Bleeding complications, defined as the composite of red blood cell transfusion ≥1000 ml, chest drainage ≥2000 ml, and bleeding requiring surgical re-exploration, were compared in 161 patients, with 101 on preoperative acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alone (group A) and 65 on ticagrelor + ASA (group B).

Results
There were no differences in bleeding complications between the two groups (26% vs. 27% in group A and B, respectively), with similar chest drainage in the first 24 h (569 ± 393 ml and 649 ± 427 ml, respectively).

Conclusions
Continuing ticagrelor until coronary artery bypass surgery was not associated with increased bleeding complications, suggesting that continued management with ticagrelor until surgery may be safe.
Fasciola gigantica tegumental calcium-binding EF-hand protein 4 exerts immunomodulatory effects on goat monocytes
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Hu Rui-Si , Hou Jun-Ling , Elsheikha Hany M. , Li Xiao-Dong , Liang Pan-Hong , Zhu Xing-Quan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe liver flukeFasciola giganticasecretes excretory-secretory proteins during infection to mediate its interaction with the host. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of a recombinant tegumental calcium-binding EF-hand protein 4 ofF. gigantica(rFg-CaBP4) on goat monocytes.MethodsThe rFg-CaBP4 protein was induced and purified by affinity chromatography. The immunogenic reaction of rFg-CaBP4 against specific antibodies was detected through western blot analysis. The binding of rFg-CaBP4 on surface of goat monocytes was visualized by immunofluorescence assay. The localization of CaBP4 within adult fluke structure was detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The cytokine transcription levels in response to rFg-CaBP4 were examined using ABI 7500 real-time PCR system. The expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II molecule (MHC-II) in response to rFg-CaBP4 protein was analyzed using Flow cytometry.ResultsThe isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactopyranoside-induced rFg-CaBP4 protein reacted with rat sera containing anti-rFg-CaBP4 polyclonal antibodies in a western blot analysis. The adhesion of rFg-CaBP4 to monocytes was visualized by immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis localized native CaBP4 to the oral sucker, pharynx, genital pore, acetabulum and tegument of adultF. gigantica. Co-incubation of rFg-CaBP4 with concanavalin A-stimulated monocytes increased the transcription levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon gamma and transforming growth factor-β. However, a reduction in the expression of IL-10 and no change in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α were detected. Additionally, rFg-CaBP4-treated monocytes exhibited a marked increase in the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II molecule (MHC-II) and a decrease in MHC-I expression, in a dose-dependent manner.ConclusionsThese findings provide additional evidence that calcium-binding EF-hand proteins play roles in host-parasite interaction. Further characterization of the immunomodulatory role of rFg-CaBP4 should expand our understanding of the strategies used byF. giganticato evade the host immune responses.Graphical abstract
MHD Powell–Eyring dusty nanofluid flow due to stretching surface with heat flux boundary condition
Authors: Abo-zaid Omima A. , Mohamed R. A. , Hady F. M. , Mahdy A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA steady MHD boundary layer flow of Powell–Eyring dusty nanofluid over a stretching surface with heat flux condition is studied numerically. It is assumed that the fluid is incompressible and the impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are taken into regard. In addition, the Powell–Eyring terms are considered in the momentum boundary layer and thermal boundary layer. The dust particles are seen as to be having the same size and conform to the nanoparticles in a spherical shape. We obtain a system of ordinary differential equations that are suitable for analyzed numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method via software algebraic MATLAB by applying appropriate transformations to the system of the governing partial differential equations in our problem. There is perfect compatibility between the bygone and current results when comparing our numerical solutions with the available data for values of the selected parameters. This confirms the validity of the method used here and thus the validity of the results. The influence of some parameters on the boundary layer profiles (the velocity and temperature for the particle phase and fluid phase, and nanoparticle concentration) is discussed. The results of this study display that the profiles of the velocity for particle and fluid phases increase with increasing Powell–Eyring fluid parameter, but reduce with height in magnetic field values. Mass concentration of the dust particles decreases the temperature of both the particle and fluid phases. The results also indicate the concentration of nanoparticle contraction as Schmidt number increases.
Clamping Cortisol and Testosterone Mitigates the Development of Insulin Resistance during Sleep Restriction in Men
Authors: Liu Peter Y , Lawrence-Sidebottom Darian , Piotrowska Katarzyna , Zhang Wenyi , Iranmanesh Ali , Auchus Richard J , Veldhuis Johannes D , Van Dongen Hans P A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Sleep loss in men increases cortisol and decreases testosterone, and sleep restriction by 3 to 4 hours/night induces insulin resistance.

Objective
We clamped cortisol and testosterone and determined the effect on insulin resistance.

Methods
This was a randomized double-blind, in-laboratory crossover study in which 34 healthy young men underwent 4 nights of sleep restriction of 4 hours/night under 2 treatment conditions in random order: dual hormone clamp (cortisol and testosterone fixed), or matching placebo (cortisol and testosterone not fixed). Fasting blood samples, and an additional 23 samples for a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were collected before and after sleep restriction under both treatment conditions. Cytokines and hormones were measured from the fasting samples. Overall insulin sensitivity was determined from the OGTT by combining complementary measures: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the fasting state; Matsuda index of the absorptive state; and minimal model of both fasting and absorptive states.

Results
Sleep restriction alone induced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and overall insulin resistance (P &lt; 0.001 for each). Clamping cortisol and testosterone alleviated the development of overall insulin resistance (P = 0.046) and hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.014) by 50%. Interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, peptide YY, and ghrelin did not change, whereas tumor necrosis factor-α and leptin changed in directions that would have mitigated insulin resistance with sleep restriction alone.

Conclusion
Fixing cortisol-testosterone exposure mitigates the development of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia, from sustained sleep restriction in men. The interplay between cortisol and testosterone may be important as a mechanism by which sleep restriction impairs metabolic health.
Overcoming Stress, Hunger, and Pain: Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Peptide’s Promise
Authors: Samson Willis K , Salvemini Daniela , Yosten Gina L C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript encodes an eponymous peptide, CARTp, which exerts diverse pharmacologic actions in the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in several endocrine organs, including pancreas. Here we review those diverse actions, the physiological relevance of which had remained unestablished until recently. With the identification of a CARTp receptor, GPR160, the physiologic importance and therapeutic potential of CARTp or analogs are being revealed. Not only is the CARTp-GPR160 interaction essential for the circadian regulation of appetite and thirst but also for the transmission of nerve injury-induced pain. Molecular approaches now are uncovering additional physiologically relevant actions and the development of acute tissue-specific gene compromise approaches may reveal even more physiologically relevant actions of this pluripotent ligand/receptor pair.
Patient-reported outcomes after primary or revision total hip arthroplasty: A propensity score-matched Asian cohort study
Authors: Harada Satoru , Hamai Satoshi , Shiomoto Kyohei , Hara Daisuke , Fujii Masanori , Ikemura Satoshi , Motomura Goro , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: May 2021

Background
Few studies have compared patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). We investigated and compared PROMs between propensity score-matched primary and revision THA in an Asian cohort.

Methods
The Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, satisfaction score, and Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF-12) were compared between 110 primary and 110 revision THAs after propensity score matching. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine which factors, including patients’ demographics, indication for revision, and pre-operative PROMs, were associated with post-operative PROMs in the revision THA cohort.

Results
The revision THA cohort demonstrated significantly lower post-operative OHS, UCLA activity score, and satisfaction score (10% decrease on average) than those in the primary THA cohort (P < .05). The difference in SF-12 mental component summary measure (MCS) between the two cohorts was statistically insignificant (P = .24). In multivariate analysis for the revision THA cohort, lower post-operative UCLA activity score was significantly associated with higher BMI and lower pre-operative UCLA activity score (P < .05).

Conclusion
Revision THA was associated with a modest but significant decrease in physical PROMs as compared with primary THA. Pre-operative UCLA activity score significantly affected the post-operative physical outcome measures in the revision THA cohort. However, post-operative SF-12 MCS was comparable between the primary and revision THA cohorts.
«Бесконечный день сурка»: социологический анализ учебных практик студентов вузов в ситуации вынужденной изоляции
Authors: Чернова Жанна Владимировна , Шпаковская Лариса Леонидовна 
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются практики обучения во время вынужденного перехода на дистанционный формат весной 2020 г. В этот период многие молодые люди переживали кризис устройства повседневности: некоторые оказались закрытыми в ограниченном жилом пространстве в одиночестве, кому-то пришлось вернуться в родительскую семью, кто-то был изолирован в университетском общежитии. Карантин создал ситуацию глобальной поломки привычных структур повседневности и учебной деятельности. Авторов интересует, как изменилась повседневность студентов во время карантина весной 2020 г. Дистанционное обучение в условиях самоизоляции связано с изменением форм социальной включенности в учебный процесс, переструктурированием локальности и темпоральности практик обучения, досуга, свободного времени, общения и поиском новых способов «управления собой» (поддержание концентрации и включенности в образовательный процесс, борьба с прокрастинацией и попытки сделать свою повседневность комфортной). Авторы используют основные положения социологии повседневности (теория практик), фокусируясь на микроуровне анализа повседневных коммуникаций. Эмпирическими материалами исследования выступили полуструктурированные интервью со студентами, обучающимися в одном из университетов Санкт-Петербурга (N = 35). Анализ этих данных дал возможность понять, каким образом молодые люди адаптируются в ситуации обучения в изоляции, какие практики они вырабатывают и каким образом переживают эту ситуацию разрывов привычной ткани повседневности. Студенты были вынуждены переструктурировать пространство и время путем зонирования, обустройства виртуальных классов, создания нового режима дня, включения в дистантные локальности, (а)синхронизации времени учебы и внеучебных практик. Авторы описывают режимы включения в образовательные коммуникации «камера on» и «камера off», тем самым внося вклад в обсуждение более широких тем, связанных с социологическим осмыслением размывания границ между приватным и публичным в современном обществе.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках НИР «Развитие образовательной модели свободных искусств и наук (Liberal Arts) в условиях цифровизации» (РАНХиГС, 2020 г., ID проекта в системе Pure СПбГУ 53583510).
Kant on Civil Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Davies Luke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKant distinguishes between ‘active’ and ‘passive’ citizens and holds that only the former are civilly self-sufficient and possess rights of political participation. Such rights are important, since for Kant state institutions are a necessary condition for individual freedom. Thus, only active citizens are entitled to contribute to a necessary condition for the freedom of each. I argue that Kant attributes civil self-sufficiency to those who are not under the authority of any private individual for their survival. This reading is more textually grounded than the dominant reading, which understands civil self-sufficiency in terms of economic relations alone. I further argue that Kant was interested in relations of authority because he was concerned to eliminate certain forms of corruption. This indicates that Kant’s contested distinction between active and passive citizens was a response to a key problem of any account of public lawgiving.
Consensus and swarming behaviors for a proportional-derivative system with a cut-off interaction
Authors: Wu Jun , Liu Yicheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a proportional-derivative protocol for the consensus problem of a class of linear second-order multi-agent systems with local information transmission. The communication topology among the agents is switching and agents receive information within a critical bounded distance. As new observations, we show that the desired protocol system undergoes consensus and swarming behaviours when 1 is a simple eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix. In this case, both final velocity and final relative position are formulated. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Comparing the effectiveness of mother’s live lullaby and recorded lullaby on physiological responses and sleep of preterm infants: a clinical trial study
Authors: Namjoo Razyeh , Mehdipour-Rabori Roghayeh , Bagherian Behnaz , Nematollahi Monirsadat 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Environmental stimuli in neonatal intensive care units can disrupt the physiological stability and sleep of infants. It is essential to perform nursing interventions to reduce the adverse effects of such stimuli. This study aimed to compare the effect of recorded lullabies and mothers’ live lullabies on physiological responses and sleep duration of preterm infants.

Methods
This study was a randomized clinical trial. The participants were 90 preterm infants selected using convenience sampling. In the intervention groups, music (recorded lullabies and mother’s live lullabies) was played for 14 days, 20 min a day, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected using physiological criteria and infant sleep checklists before, during, and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (Version 21.0).

Results
The mean scores of physiological parameters (O2 saturation and heart rate) were not significantly different in the three groups before, during, and after the intervention (p>0.05). However, there was an improvement in O2-saturation and a decrease in the heart rate in two intervention groups. The mean duration of the infants’ overnight sleep was not statistically significant between the groups before the intervention (p>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the intervention groups after the intervention, (p<0.05), and the infants’ overnight sleep was longer in the recorded-lullaby group than the other two groups.

Conclusions
Although performing interventions, including recorded lullaby and mother’s live lullaby did not differ significantly with that of the control group in physiological criteria, it can be clinically important. In addition, recorded-lullaby increased the infants’ overnight sleeping. Thus, it is suggested that further studies be conducted to confirm the effect of recorded lullaby and mother’s live lullaby interventions on physiological parameters and sleep duration of hospitalized infants.
Resolving resolution dimensions in triangulated categories
Authors: Ma Xin , Zhao Tiwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Let

T

{\mathcal{T}}

be a triangulated category with a proper class

ξ

\xi

of triangles and

X

{\mathcal{X}}

be a subcategory of

T

{\mathcal{T}}

. We first introduce the notion of

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions for a resolving subcategory of

T

{\mathcal{T}}

and then give some descriptions of objects having finite

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions. In particular, we obtain Auslander-Buchweitz approximations for these objects. As applications, we construct adjoint pairs for two kinds of inclusion functors and characterize objects having finite

X

{\mathcal{X}}

-resolution dimensions in terms of a notion of

ξ

\xi

-cellular towers. We also construct a new resolving subcategory from a given resolving subcategory and reformulate some known results.