bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Vietnamese version of the nursing critical thinking in clinical practice questionnaire: Translation and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Van , Liu Hsueh‐Erh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThis study translated and evaluated the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N‐CT‐4 Practice (V‐v)).DesignForward‐ and back‐translation approach developed by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat (2011).Methods545 nurses were recruited based on convenience sampling and asked to complete the N‐CT‐4 Practice (V‐v) questionnaire for psychometric testing. Data were collected during June 2019 in three public hospitals located in Southwestern Vietnam. We evaluated translation equivalence, the item content validity index, floor/ceiling effects, construct validity, internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe N‐CT‐4 Practice (V‐v) questionnaire retained the meaning of the original English version and was clear, explicit and easy for nurses to understand. The item content validity index was 1.0. There were no floor/ceiling effects. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.98. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.81. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this Vietnamese version fit the proposed model.
Reaction Model for the Aging and Shelf‐Life Prediction of Double‐Base Propellant SF‐3
Authors: Li Jin , Tian Tian , Zhang Guan , Liu Zongkuan , Gu Zhaolin , Niu Jiaxin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe prediction and determination of shelf‐life is an important step in the storage and use of ammunition. In this study, the aging reaction model and shelf‐life prediction model of SF‐3 double‐base propellant were studied. First, a theoretical aging reaction model of SF‐3 was developed based on scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis and the aging reaction process. The aging reaction model was also experimentally validated. Then, based on the theoretical aging reaction model and the Arrhenius equation, the stabilizer depletion and mass loss kinetics models were developed. The aging reaction model showed a linear relationship between the stabilizer depletion rate xn and the aging time t, which indicated that the aging reaction is a zero‐order reaction. The rate‐limiting step of the SF‐3 aging reaction was the decomposition rate of nitrate ester compounds. The reaction kinetics model showed that the equation to predict the shelf‐life of SF‐3 was t[d]=1.44×10−13exp(11428.38/T[K]). Additionally, the relationship between the mass loss rate xw and storage temperature T was xw[%]=53.93exp(−446.97/T[K]) at the end of the shelf‐life of SF‐3. The results of this study provide a reference for predicting the aging process of other propellants that use nitrate ester compounds as the main energetic components. It also provides theoretical support for using the mass loss rate to predict the shelf‐life of SF‐3.
Hemoadsorption eliminates remdesivir from the circulation: Implications for the treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Biever Paul , Staudacher Dawid L. , Sommer Michaela J. , Triebel Hannah , Neukamm Merja A. , Bode Christoph , Supady Alexander , Lother Achim 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBoth antiviral treatment with remdesivir and hemoadsorption using a CytoSorb® adsorption device are applied in the treatment of severe COVID‐19. The CytoSorb® adsorber consists of porous polymer beads that adsorb a broad range of molecules, including cytokines but also several therapeutic drugs. In this study, we evaluated whether remdesivir and its main active metabolite GS‐441524 would be adsorbed by CytoSorb®. Serum containing remdesivir or GS‐441524 was circulated in a custom‐made system containing a CytoSorb® device. Concentrations of remdesivir and GS‐441524 before and after the adsorber were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Measurements of remdesivir in the outgoing tube after the adsorber indicated almost complete removal of remdesivir by the device. In the reservoir, concentration of remdesivir showed an exponential decay and was not longer detectable after 60 mins. GS‐441524 showed a similar exponential decay but, unlike remdesivir, it reached an adsorption–desorption equilibrium at ~48 µg/L. Remdesivir and its main active metabolite GS‐441524 are rapidly eliminated from the perfusate by the CytoSorb® adsorber device in vitro. This should be considered in patients for whom both therapies are indicated, and simultaneous application should be avoided. In general, plasma levels of therapeutic drugs should be closely monitored under concurrent CytoSorb® therapy.
Intensity and uncertainty: Performing border conflicts at the US–Mexico borderlands
Authors: Candiz Guillermo , Basok Tanya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article draws on border studies that recognise rebordering practices as ongoing performances of conflict between various actors including state authorities, border security agents, migrants, migrant supporters, smugglers, international organisations, lawyers, advocates and others. We draw attention tovariable levels of intensitywith which these conflicts are performed and the impact they have on migrants' ability to exercise their agency. We understand intensity to mean not merely the emotional discursive environment in which these conflicts unfold, and the pressure tactics used by at least some parties, but, more importantly, the speed of the responses by all actors involved in this border performance. Focusing on rebordering practices at the US–Mexico borderlands in 2018 and 2019 adopted in response to new forms of mobility, we characterise these years as a period of high intensity, when rapidly changing policies provoked immediate responses by migrants, and equally speedy counter‐responses by other actors, particularly the US and Mexican administration. We suggest that the volatile architecture of border control in the US–Mexico borders has rendered many strategies employed by Central American migrants to overcome obstacles and create innovative solutions virtually ineffective. The article is based on an ethnographic study carried out between early May and mid‐August 2019 in Mexico.
Redox‐sensitive signalling pathways regulated by human papillomavirus in HPV‐related cancers
Authors: Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina 
Published: March 2021

SummaryHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) chronic infection is associated with the induction of different HPV‐related cancers, such as cervical, anus, vaginal, vulva, penis and oropharynx. HPV‐related cancers have been related to oxidative stress (OS), where OS has a significant role in cancer development and maintenance. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for localised HPV‐related cancers; however, these malignancies commonly progress to metastasis. In advanced stages, systemic therapies are the best option against HPV‐related cancers. These therapies include cytokine therapy or a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immunotherapies. Nevertheless, these strategies are still insufficient. Cell redox‐sensitive signalling pathways have been poorly studied, although they have been associated with the development and maintenance of HPV‐related cancers. In this review, we analyse the known alterations of the following redox‐sensitive molecules and signalling pathways by HR‐HPV in HPV‐related cancers: MAPKs, Akt/TSC2/mTORC1, Wnt/β‐Cat, NFkB/IkB/NOX2, HIF/VHL/VEGF and mitochondrial signalling pathways as potential targets for redox therapy.
Quantification of the microscale dynamics of live bighead carp egg settlement in static water
Authors: Wan Yunjiao , Zeng Yuhong , Li Mingzheng , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe survival of bighead carp is threatened by the construction and operation of river engineering projects. In order to guide future reservoir regulation to suitably incorporate the ecological requirements of fish, it is important to understand fish egg settlement in static water. Therefore, video capture technology and wavelet analysis in experiments were used to observe and analyze the microscale processes of live bighead carp egg settlement in static water. The study examined the temporal variations in the egg attributes and revealed microscale fluctuations in the trajectories of eggs and changes in settling velocity. The egg settling velocities were divided into both mean and fluctuating components. Both components indicated that bighead carp eggs had different settling velocities depending on the stage of development. Settling velocity is dominated by hydrodynamic drag in the first 22 min post‐fertilization, with a rapid increase in velocity through time, followed by a decrease in velocity and finally a stable value of 0.75 cm/s. The periodicity of the fluctuating component may indicate the importance of the egg inner structure or even the development of the embryo to settling velocity. This work strengthens the understanding of bighead carp egg settlement in static water and provides a clear indication to river engineers and managers of the need to promote the successful drift of bighead carp eggs in rivers to ensure the maintenance of their populations.
The Science of Reading: Four Forces That Modified, Distorted, or Ignored the Research Finding on Reading Comprehension
Authors: Dewitz Peter , Graves Michael F. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe science of reading is the latest version of the reading wars brought to national attention by the popular press. Although most of the popular press has focused on phonics and early reading, in this article, we chose to study what happened to the research on reading comprehension. By the beginning of the 21st century, there had emerged a mainstream view of reading comprehension and comprehension instruction. However, four factors distorted, impeded, and swamped the research findings. (1) Commercial publishers fit comprehension instruction into a curricular format that distorted the intent of the research. (2) The No Child Left Behind Act, with its high‐stakes testing and concomitant interim assessments, moved the focus in schools from developing comprehension to passing tests. (3) The publishers’ criteria for the Common Core State Standards promoted instruction that ran contrary to research findings. (4) Problems with the educational research, publication, development, and dissemination process itself further weakened the effect of research on practice. We conclude with suggestions for researchers to better communicate their results and procedures to other educators, suggestions for how the research community can have a greater impact on the development and review of commercial reading materials and policy initiatives, and suggestions for improving the education of future researchers, administrators, and teachers.
Embedment of Multiple Transition Metal Impurities into WS2 Monolayer for Bandstructure Modulation
Authors: Siao Ming‐Deng , Lin Yung‐Chang , He Tao , Tsai Meng‐Yu , Lee Kuei‐Yi , Chang Shou‐Yi , Lin Kuang‐I , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chou Mei‐Yin , Suenaga Kazu , Chiu Po‐Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBand structure by design in 2D layered semiconductors is highly desirable, with the goal to acquire the electronic properties of interest through the engineering of chemical composition, structure, defect, stacking, or doping. For atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides, substitutional doping with more than one single type of transition metals is the task for which no feasible approach is proposed. Here, the growth of WS2 monolayer is shown codoped with multiple kinds of transition metal impurities via chemical vapor deposition controlled in a diffusion‐limited mode. Multielement embedment of Cr, Fe, Nb, and Mo into the host lattice is exemplified. Abundant impurity states thus generate in the bandgap of the resultant WS2 and provide a robust switch of charging/discharging states upon sweep of an electric filed. A profound memory window exists in the transfer curves of doped WS2 field‐effect transistors, forming the basis of binary states for robust nonvolatile memory. The doping technique presented in this work brings one step closer to the rational design of 2D semiconductors with desired electronic properties.
Recent Advances in Amino‐Based Molecules Assisted Control of Noble‐Metal Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Meng , Li Zhijuan , Fu Gengtao , Tang Yawen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMorphology‐control synthesis is an effective means to tailor surface structure of noble‐metal nanocrystals, which offers a sensitive knob for tuning their electrocatalytic properties. The functional molecules are often indispensable in the morphology‐control synthesis through preferential adsorption on specific crystal facets, or controlling certain crystal growth directions. In this review, the recent progress in morphology‐control synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals assisted by amino‐based functional molecules for electrocatalytic applications are focused on. Although a mass of noble‐metal nanocrystals with different morphologies have been reported, few review studies have been published related to amino‐based molecules assisted control strategy. A full understanding for the key roles of amino‐based molecules in the morphology‐control synthesis is still necessary. As a result, the explicit roles and mechanisms of various types of amino‐based molecules, including amino‐based small molecules and amino‐based polymers, in morphology‐control of noble‐metal nanocrystals are summarized and discussed in detail. Also presented in this progress are unique electrocatalytic properties of various shaped noble‐metal nanocrystals. Particularly, the optimization of electrocatalytic selectivity induced by specific amino‐based functional molecules (e.g., polyallylamine and polyethyleneimine) is highlighted. At the end, some critical prospects, and challenges in terms of amino‐based molecules‐controlled synthesis and electrocatalytic applications are proposed.
Eastward Expansion of Round Goby in New York: Assessment of Detection Methods and Current Range
Authors: George Scott D. , Baldigo Barry P. , Rees Christopher B. , Bartron Meredith L. , Winterhalter Dylan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus has spread rapidly around the Great Lakes region since its introduction to North America in 1990. In 2014, a specimen was captured in the New York State Canal System west of Utica, prompting concerns that Round Goby would soon reach the ecologically and economically valuable watersheds of Lake Champlain and the Hudson River estuary. The establishment of Round Goby populations elsewhere has been linked to a number of negative ecological consequences, yet methods for monitoring the invasion front of this species remain limited. The objectives of this study were to assess the current distribution of Round Goby in central New York and to determine the most effective methods for monitoring the invasion front. This was achieved by concurrently using benthic trawling, seining, minnow traps, and environmental DNA (eDNA) twice annually from 2016 to 2019 at 12 sites on the canal system between Oneida Lake and the Hudson River. Of the three traditional gear types, benthic trawling was the most effective method and captured Round Goby as far east as Utica by 2019. This finding suggests only minimal eastward expansion of Round Goby occurred between 2014 and 2019. Round Goby DNA was detected in water samples during all surveys in which individuals were captured with trawling, and the estimated concentration of DNA explained 69% of the variability in trawl catch. At multiple study sites, Round Goby DNA was identified during consecutive surveys before Round Goby were first captured with trawling. This suggests that in lotic waters, eDNA has the potential to forecast or serve as a sentinel for the expansion of Round Goby to new locations. Our results demonstrate the importance of using eDNA in a repeated sampling framework and supplementing eDNA sampling with some level of effort with traditional sampling methods.
Probing new U(1) gauge symmetries via exotic Z → Z′γ decays
Authors: Michaels Lisa , Yu Felix 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
New U(1) gauge theories involving Standard Model (SM) fermions typically require additional electroweak fermions for anomaly cancellation. We study the non-decoupling properties of these new fermions, called anomalons, in the Z − Z′ − γ vertex function, reviewing the connection between the full model and the effective Wess-Zumino operator. We calculate the exotic Z → Z′γ decay width in U(1)B−L and U(1)B models, where B and L denote the SM baryon and lepton number symmetries. For U(1)B−L gauge symmetry, each generation of SM fermions is anomaly free and the exotic Z →$$ {Z}_{BL}^{\prime}\gamma $$

Z
BL
′

γ
decay width is entirely induced by intragenerational mass splittings. In contrast, for U(1)B gauge symmetry, the existence of two distinct sources of chiral symmetry breaking enables a heavy, anomaly-free set of fermions to have an irreducible contribution to the Z →$$ {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma $$

Z
B
′

γ
decay width. We show that the current LEP limits on the exotic Z →$$ {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma $$

Z
B
′

γ
decay are weaker than previously estimated, and low-mass $$ {Z}_B^{\prime } $$

Z
B
′

dijet resonance searches are currently more constraining. We present a summary of the current collider bounds on U(1)B and a projection for a TeraZ factory on the Z →$$ {Z}_B^{\prime}\gamma $$

Z
B
′

γ
exotic decay, and emphasize how the Z → Z′γ decay is emblematic of new anomalous U(1) gauge symmetries.
Non-Hermitian BCS-BEC crossover of Dirac fermions
Authors: Kanazawa Takuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate chiral symmetry breaking in a model of Dirac fermions with a complexified coupling constant whose imaginary part represents dissipation. We introduce a chiral chemical potential and observe that for real coupling a relativistic BCS-BEC crossover is realized. We solve the model in the mean-field approximation and construct the phase diagram as a function of the complex coupling. It is found that the dynamical mass increases under dissipation, although the chiral symmetry gets restored if dissipation exceeds a threshold.
A note on gauge anomaly cancellation in effective field theories
Authors: Feruglio Ferruccio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The conditions for the absence of gauge anomalies in effective field theories (EFT) are rivisited. General results from the cohomology of the BRST operator do not prevent potential anomalies arising from the non-renormalizable sector, when the gauge group is not semi-simple, like in the Standard Model EFT (SMEFT). By considering a simple explicit model that mimics the SMEFT properties, we compute the anomaly in the regularized theory, including a complete set of dimension six operators. We show that the dependence of the anomaly on the non-renormalizable part can be removed by adding a local counterterm to the theory. As a result the condition for gauge anomaly cancellation is completely controlled by the charge assignment of the fermion sector, as in the renormalizable theory.
Proper time to the black hole singularity from thermal one-point functions
Authors: Grinberg Matan , Maldacena Juan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We argue that the proper time from the event horizon to the black hole singularity can be extracted from the thermal expectation values of certain operators outside the horizon. This works for fields which couple to higher-curvature terms, so that they can decay into two gravitons. To extract this proper time, it is necessary to vary the mass of the field.
Well-posedness of the classical solution for the Kuramto–Sivashinsky equation with anisotropy effects
Authors: Coclite Giuseppe Maria , di Ruvo Lorenzo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Kuramto–Sivashinsky equation with anisotropy effects models the spinodal decomposition of phase separating systems in an external field, the spatiotemporal evolution of the morphology of steps on crystal surfaces and the growth of thermodynamically unstable crystal surfaces with strongly anisotropic surface tension. Written in terms of the step slope, it can be represented in a form similar to a convective Cahn–Hilliard equation. In this paper, we prove the well-posedness of the classical solutions for the Cauchy problem, associated with this equation.
The impact of regionalized trauma care on the distribution of severely injured patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkink Suzan , van Zwet Erik W. , Krijnen Pieta , Leenen Luke P. H. , Bloemers Frank W. , Edwards Michael J. R. , Hartog Dennis Den , Leenhouts Peter A. , Poeze Martijn , Spanjersberg W. Richard , Wendt Klaus W. , De Wit Ralph J. , Van Zuthpen Stefan W. A. M. , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTwenty years ago, an inclusive trauma system was implemented in the Netherlands. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of structured trauma care on the concentration of severely injured patients over time.MethodsAll severely injured patients (Injury Severity Score [ISS] ≥ 16) documented in the Dutch Trauma Registry (DTR) in the calendar period 2008–2018 were included for analysis. We compared severely injured patients, with and without severe neurotrauma, directly brought to trauma centers (TC) and non-trauma centers (NTC). The proportion of patients being directly transported to a trauma center was determined, as was the total Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and ISS.ResultsThe documented number of severely injured patients increased from 2350 in 2008 to 4694 in 2018. During this period, on average, 70% of these patients were directly admitted to a TC (range 63–74%). Patients without severe neurotrauma had a lower chance of being brought to a TC compared to those with severe neurotrauma. Patients directly presented to a TC were more severely injured, reflected by a higher total AIS and ISS, than those directly transported to a NTC.ConclusionSince the introduction of a well-organized trauma system in the Netherlands, trauma care has become progressively centralized, with more severely injured patients being directly presented to a TC. However, still 30% of these patients is initially brought to a NTC. Future research should focus on improving pre-hospital triage to facilitate swift transfer of the right patient to the right hospital.
Influence of moisture content on the contact angle and surface tension measured on birch wood surfaces
Authors: Benkreif Rami , Brahmia Fatima Zohra , Csiha Csilla 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurface tension of solid wood surfaces affects the wettability and thus the adhesion of various adhesives and wood coatings. By measuring the contact angle of the wood, the surface tension can be calculated based on the Young-Dupré equation. Several publications have reported on contact angle measured with different test liquids, under different conditions. Results can only be compared if the test conditions are similar. While the roles of the drop volume, image shooting time etc., are widely recognized, the role of the wood surface moisture content (MC) is not evaluated in detail. In this study, the effect of wood moisture content on contact angle values, measured with distilled water and diiodomethane, on sanded birch (Betula pendula) surfaces was investigated, in order to find the relationship between them. With increasing MC from approximately 6% to 30%, increasing contact angle (decreasing surface tension) values were measured according to a logarithmic function. The function makes possible the calculation of contact angles that correspond to different MCs.