bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le genre musical comme prisme d’analyse de la distribution des responsabilités esthétiques d’une performance musicale
Authors: Battentier Andy 
Published: April 2021

Bien que l’approche interactionniste des mondes de l’art ait mis en évidence le caractère collectif de la production artistique, les artistes restent globalement considérés comme à l’origine des décisions esthétiques donnant son sens à une œuvre. En étudiant les modalités de prise de décision des techniciens son dans la musique, cet article montre que ces « responsabilités esthétiques » sont en réalité partagées à des degrés divers entre tous les acteurs du monde de l’art, et en particulier avec le « personnel de renfort », dont l’autonomie de décision est plus importante que ce que le terme sous-entend. L’article décrit également la façon dont la distribution des responsabilités esthétiques suit notamment les logiques propres à une approche socioculturelle des genres musicaux.
“Musiciens fonctionnels”, technologie et rapport de classe
Authors: Umney Charles 
Published: April 2021

Cet article part de l'expérience de l’auteur en matière de recherche et d'écriture sur le travail musical, en particulier au sujet des « musiciens fonctionnels ». Il s’attache à pointer comment une lecture marxiste en termes de « classes » a influencé les choix pris dans le cadre de ce parcours de recherche et opère une comparaison quant aux autres façons de concevoir les classes sociales. Il aborde ensuite les thèmes de la numérisation, en se demandant comment l’évolution du marché du travail musical vers l’économie de « plateforme » a affecté la façon dont les musiciens fonctionnels travaillent et les types de rapports de classe qu’ils expérimentent. Il conclut sur le fait que les travaux qui font un parallèle strict entre travail musical et « gig economy » produisent des analyses trop générales pour être heuristiques, et que l'on peut tirer beaucoup de profit d'une approche marxiste de la relation dialectique entre acheteurs et vendeurs de la force de travail.
Michael Jackson’s Off the wall : au-delà du mur de la catégorisation musico-coloriste américaine
Authors: Stegner-Petitjean Isabelle 
Published: April 2021

Notre article se propose d’analyser l’album Off the wall de Michael Jackson (1979) selon les modalités de la dichotomie musico-raciale américaine, commerciale et stylistique, telle qu’elle se décline à l’aube des années 1980. Il vise à mettre en évidence la manière dont cette production a dépassé les clivages des classements de vente, mais également les conventions coloristes attachées aux étiquettes stylistiques, par des dynamiques globales et internes d’imbrications et d’associations sonores. Des éléments d’autant plus importants qu’ils sont des jalons créatifs fondamentaux dans la trajectoire décatégorisante que Michael Jackson n’aura de cesse de poursuivre tout au long de sa carrière adulte.
Increased apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor-α, and DNA damage attenuated by 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol in rats with brain İschemia-reperfusion
Authors: Dasdelen Dervis , Solmaz Merve , Menevse Esma , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim , Erdogan Ender 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:
This research was aimed to find out the effects of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) on apoptosis, DNA damage, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the frontal cortex of rats with induced experimental brain ischemi reperfusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 38 Wistar albino male rats were used. Groups were created as 1-Sham; 2-Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R); 3-I/R + DiOHF (10 mg/kg); 4-Ischemia + DiOHF + reperfusion; 5-DiOHF + I/R. I/R was performed by carotid artery ligation for 30 min in anesthesized animals. Following experimental applications, blood samples were taken from anesthetized rats to obtain erythrocyte and plasma. Later, the rats were killed by cervical dislocation, and frontal cortex samples were taken and stored at − 80° C for the analysis.

RESULTS:
In the ischemic frontal cortex tissue sections degenerate neuron numbers, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cell ratio and caspase-3 positive cell ratio increased. Malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and 8-OHdG levels were increased in both plasma and tissue in ischemia group, whereas tissue and erythrocyte glutathione levels were significantly suppressed. However, these values were significantly reversed by DiOHF treatment.

CONCLUSION:
The results of the study showed that I/R significantly increased apoptosis, TNF-α, and DNA damage in rats with brain I/R. However, 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal DiOHF treatment improved deterioted parameters.
Pregnancy associated coagulopathies in selected community hospitals in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oluwaseyi Bamisaye E. , Michael Okungbowa A. , Oluwafemi Akanni E. , David Akinbo B. 
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim:
Pregnancy is characterized by multiple changes in the coagulation system which occurs at different stages of the condition, representing one of the major triggers of maternal and foetal morbidity/mortality in the world during complicated incidences. This study determined the prevalence of coagulation disorders among pregnant women in Southwest Nigeria to buttress the need for prompt and accurate routine diagnosis of these disorders.

Methods:
Four hundred and five participants (405) attending some selected tertiary health facilities in Southwestern Nigeria were randomly recruited for the study, comprising two hundred and seventy (270) pregnant subjects and one hundred and thirty-five (135) apparently healthy age- and socio-economic status-matched non-pregnant women as controls. The platelet count was assessed; prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were assessed. Immunoturbidimetric and chromogenic techniques were also used to assess the level of D-dimer and activated protein C resistance.

Results:
Platelet count, PT and INR in all three trimesters were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced when compared to the non-pregnant control subjects. However, the level of circulating D-dimer was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in all three trimesters when compared with the control group, with observable steady increase in the second and third trimesters. Also, 13% of respondents had thrombotic predisposition and 14.8% with tendencies for consumption coagulopathy while 1.1% are APCr positive individuals.

Conclusion:
The study affirms the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy coupled with mild gestational thrombocytopenia which could be pointers to onset of coagulation disorders in some participants, subjects with coagulation profiles indicative of thrombotic tendencies and possible onset of consumption coagulopathy and the presence of activated protein C resistant in the region. A review of the coagulation monitoring strategies for pregnant women from primary care to include more definite assays and its proper implementation will immensely contribute to early diagnosis along with intervention for pregnancy associated coagulopathies in resource-limited settings.
Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and its associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics in Bengaluru
Authors: Nath Anita , B Sheeba , Raj Sisira , Metgud Chandra S. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Hypertension in pregnancy is a major challenge in antenatal practice due to its impact on obstetric and foetal outcomes.

Objective:
To assess the prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy and its associated risk factors among pregnant women availing of antenatal care at public sector hospitals in Bengaluru, Southern India.

Methods:
The sample frame included pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic at three public sector hospitals. The data were analyzed for 783 pregnant women who had completed their baseline visit over a period of 18 months (September 2017 to March 2019). The blood pressure was categorized based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guidelines.

Results:
Out of the 783 respondents who were examined, 13.9% were found to be hypertensive. The adjusted Odd's ratio was significantly higher for those who were employed outside the house and obese respondents. Other factors such as higher maternal age, lower socioeconomic status, pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal depression, nulliparity appeared to increase the risk.

Conclusion:
Hypertension during pregnancy continues to be a matter of concern. Risk factor profiling of pregnant women is of utmost importance to identify those who may be likely to develop hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Retention in HIV care and its predictors among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Plateau state, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Afolaranmi Tolulope O. , Hassan Zuwaira I. , Ugwu Obinna J. , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O.D. , Bello Kayode K. , Chingle Moses P. , Shugaba Ali I. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Retention in HIV care is the constancy of engagement in HIV treatment, care and support services which is essential to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the infection as well as halting the development of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In most African countries, Nigeria inclusive, men who have sex with men (MSM) are major contributors to HIV/AIDS burden. HIV-positive MSM are generally understudied and mostly underserved due to social, political and legislation factors resulting in limited characterization and documentation of the existing health disparities particularly with regards to retention in HIV care. It was against this backdrop that we conducted this study to assess the level of retention in HIV care and its predictors among MSM linked to HIV care.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study conducted among 114 HIV-positive MSM in 2019 using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using version 7 of Epi Info statistical software version 7 and a probability value of less than 0.05 used as the cut-off for drawing statistically significant conclusion.

Results:
The average age in years of the respondents was 26.0 ± 5.4 while 43 (37.7%) of the participants were adequately retained in HIV care. Adequate retention in HIV care was found to be predicted by awareness of regular male partner's HIV status (AOR = 11.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.924–65.167) and financial difficulty (AOR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.022–0.840).

Conclusions:
A suboptimal level of retention in HIV care was demonstrated in the study with awareness of male partner's HIV status and financial buoyancy as its main predictors.
The utility of Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
Authors: Thomas Lydiya , Asha Hesarghatta S. , Amalraj Raja E. , Prakash R. , Abraham Prakash , Thomas Nihal 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of diabetes-specific psychological distress (DSPD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the “Problem areas in diabetes” (PAID) scale at a teaching hospital in southern India. Other objectives included observing the relationship between socio-demographic factors and DSPD and, finally exploring the level of acceptance of the PAID scale by Asian–Indian patients.

Methods:
The patients with T2DM aged >18 years attending the diabetes outpatient clinic were recruited. They completed two sets of questionnaires; PAID and a satisfactory questionnaire, which included socio-demographic characteristics and questions relating to the acceptance of PAID. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 13.1 and Excel.

Results:
A total of 253 questionnaires were completed, including 157 (62.1%) male and 96 (37.9%) female patients. The prevalence of DSPD was 32.8% (83/253). Younger age (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.36–9.80) and presence of retinopathy (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.12–6.04) were significantly associated with DSPD. However, it was observed that one-third of the patients had an elevated level of distress regardless of socio-demographic or clinical factors. PAID was well accepted by the participants and 84.6% (214/253) were pleased to complete it again.

Conclusion:
About one-third of the patients with T2DM had DSPD. Psychological distress was higher in the younger age group and those with retinopathy. PAID is an easy, well-accepted questionnaire and would serve as a useful tool to screen for DSPD.
The study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with snakebite in a rural community
Authors: Patel Samirkumar , Patel Aayushi , Ganjiwale Jaishree , Patel Dhaval , Nimbalkar Somashekhar 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Snakebite remains an underrated cause of accidental death in modern India, primarily in rural India, where people fail to reach out to modern medicine and fall victim to the handful of quacks using traditional healing methods. If promptly diagnosed and treated based on various clinical determinants like mode of presentation, time of medical intervention, recognition of the species, and analysis of a series of reliably identified bites, the treatment outcome would be more promising. We aimed to study snakebite patients' clinical profile and treatment outcome in a rural tertiary care setup.

Materials and Method:
This is a retrospective study in which the data evaluated from an epidemiological viewpoint; gender and age of the snake bite victim, time when bitten, interval between the bite and medical consultation, pattern of toxicity, and response to anti-snake venom (ASV).

Results:
Of a total of 200 patients bitten by a snake, 121 were males, with 77% adults. In nearly all cases, the type of snake was unknown; however, most of the bites were poisonous, showing one or the other type of toxicity. One hundred seventy-one patients survived the snake bite, and 29 succumbed. When Logistic regression was done with Death/discharge as the dependent variable and “Time to bite and reaching hospital, Age, Sex, number of ASV given, Ventilation needed or not, pack cell volume (PCV) numbers, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) numbers, Dialysis and presence or absence of toxicity” as the independent variables, the model developed did not account for any respectable amount of variation in the outcome. The only variable found to be predicting the outcome significantly was FFP.

Conclusion:
It is often difficult to identify the type of snake, and thus polyvalent antisnake venom remains the only available treatment resource. Readily available treatment resources, timely intervention, appropriate referral, and close ICU will alleviate mortality.
Psychological impact of infection with SARS-CoV-2 on health care providers
Authors: Venkatesh Vidya , Samyuktha Vijay Nirup , Wilson Benny Paul , Kattula Dheeraj , Ravan Jayaprakash Russell 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Rapid increase in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection has also affected many health care providers (HCPs). This study aims to understand personal stories of HCPs affected by SARS-CoV-2, which could help with insights about ways to support them.

Methods:
Using a phenomenological approach and purposive sampling method, we recruited participants for semi-structured interviews through a telephone. Data saturation was achieved by the 11th participant and two more interviews were performed to confirm the same. Interviews were transcribed, and a seven-step Colaizzi method was used to identify different themes.

Results:
The psychological impact of SARS-CoV-2 on HCPs who tested positive can be summarized into four broad themes. These are challenges faced by HCPs, social concerns, experience of quarantine period, and positive experiences. Challenges they faced were about dealing with uncertainty, fear of spreading infection, and stigma. In the social concerns theme, what featured was concerns about family, social support from friends and hospital, and stigmatizing experience in neighborhood. In the quarantine experience theme, self-care and desperation to connect prominently colored their emotional and psychological experience. There were positive experiences also, which included personal strength, sense of gratitude, growth, and professional commitment.

Conclusion:
The personal stories of HCPs highlight that while they coped effectively during the recovery process, it may be important to address psychosocial factors of well-being as they worked with patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
Knowledge, attitudes and practice of primary care physicians in eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia towards exercise during pregnancy
Authors: Albahhar Eman H. , Albahhar Zainab H. , Alqumber Nedhal A. , Aljanahi Elham 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Physical activity is well known to have enormous benefits for women in all phases of life, including pregnancy.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of primary care physicians towards exercise during pregnancy in the eastern provinces of Saudi Arabia: Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Khobar.

Methods and Material:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2019 among primary care physicians, based on a 32-item self-administered questionnaire distributed through e-mails and SMS messaging.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were used to compare groups.

Results:
The majority of participants (97.3%) believed that exercise during pregnancy is beneficial and showed fair knowledge; however, most of them (86.5%) were unaware of the guidelines and nearly half of them (55.2%) did not give advice on exercise to their patients.

Conclusions:
Primary care physicians demonstrate fair knowledge and positive attitude towards exercise in pregnancy; however, their practice and recommendations did not align with the guidelines. Thus, we need to bridge this gap by providing well-structured evidence based continuous educational programs and activities to all physicians providing maternal care.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics among health practitioners in Taif government, KSA
Authors: Althobaiti Mutaz H. , Alkhaldi Lama H. , Alotaibi Waad D. , Alshreef Maha N. , Alkhaldi Asalah H. , Alshreef Nejoud F. , Alzahrani Nawaf N. , Atalla Ayman A. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Medical ethics practice and the attitude and knowledge toward it was our concern and aim to investigate.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1943 healthcare practitioners from three tertiary care hospitals. A questionnaire requesting demographic data and items related to the level of knowledge and awareness beside the real-life practice of medical ethics among healthcare providers was used. A score was given for each response and a total score was calculated.

Results:
Of the participants, 86.9% had studied medical ethics, 70.3% thought patients should know about their rights, 87.4% supported that the patient have the right to know and be informed if any malpractice happened, 61.8% never engaged in healthcare-related act on a patient without informed consent, 73% ensured that no one was present other than medical team during assessments or procedures, and 86.6% tried to give only what was necessary to the patient regarding their situation. Nursing specialists/technicians, with of 20-<30 years of practice and participants who had previous training in bioethics had significantly higher mean attitude scores than others. Females, laboratory specialists/technicians, and those who reported previous study of medical ethics had a significantly higher practice scores. A cogent positive correlation was found between the practice and attitude scores.

Conclusion:
Interduce medical ethics and insist on its importance in medical institutions will positively affect practitioners' knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Infection control awareness level among dental laboratory technicians, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Aali Khulud , Binalrimal Sultan , AlShedokhi AlJawharah , Al Saqer Ebtihal , AlHumaid Masheal 
Published: April 2021

Aims and objectives:
Infection control is an essential part in dental practices. Potential disease transmission in the dental lab is well documented. Dental technicians should strictly adhere to the standard precautions in order to prevent potential risks of cross-contamination, thereby producing a safe environment for patients and staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice among dental lab technicians toward infection control protocols at the dental laboratories of Riyadh.

Materials and methods:
A self-administered questionnaire will be distributed to dental lab technicians working at both private and governmental laboratories in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from one hundred and twenty-one dental laboratory technicians.

Results:
According to the findings, only 42.9% had an infection control manual display in the dental lab, 43.8% had received infection control training courses as part of their orientation, 40.4% of the technicians had a valid hepatitis B vaccination. Dental technicians are exposed to high risk of injuries, 72.7% of respondents answered Yes, when they were asked about reporting sharp injuries to laboratory administration.

Conclusion:
There was poor compliance to infection control procedures, dental techniques are at increased risk of cross-contamination and infection, they have limited orientation and knowledge on the infection control guideline and policy.
Stumbling block for inferior alveolar nerve block in predoctoral students
Authors: Ahmed Suhael , Tabassum Nafeesa , Al Dayel Omar , Bamusa Badr , Zakirulla Meer , Binyahya Fatima Abdullah 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Dentists earnestly try to practice painless treatment. Conventional inferior alveolar nerve block technique is preferred by most of the dentists despite its various modifications.However its failure rate as per literature is quite high. Inexperienced dentists face difficulty in obtaining effective anesthesia. This may be due to limited access to inferior alveolar nerve,greater density of alveolar bone,bulky soft tissues,damage to nerve or due to risk of intravascular injection.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to review and clinically assess the factors causing difficulty or failure of inferior alveolar nerve block in predoctoral students and to review the mandibular nervve blocks.

Material and methods:
Dental interns of riyadh elm university were monitored during administration of inferior alveolar nerve block for difficulty factors influencing inferior alveolar nerve block. Onset of anesthesia, efficacy anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve and long buccal nerve were ascertained. Difficulty index was used to assess the “item difficulty” with a score of 0.0 which indicates that none of the dental interns anesthetised correctly to 1.0 suggesting all the dental interns anesthetised correctly.

Results:
Complete failure of inferior alveolar nerve block was noticed in 2.4% of predoctoral students. The most common cause for inferior alveolar nerve block failure was attributed to the difficulty in palpating the landmarks (77%), 22% of the patients refused multiple needle penetrations,and 19% of inferior alveolar nerve block failure was due to the fear of potential complications by the predoctoral students.

Conclusion:
Clinical skill of predoctoral students need adequate training in nerve blocks. Revising the current literature on alternative inferior alveolar nerve block techniques or use of evidence based dentistry to update and practice alternative nerve block techniques would aid in improving the clinical skills and treatment outcome which would therefore enable to remove the stumbling blocks in successful anesthesia.