bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analysis on retinal gas cover rates using computational eye models
Authors: Gozawa Makoto , Takamura Yoshihiro , Aoki Tomoe , Iwasaki Kentaro , Inatani Masaru 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigated the change in the retinal gas cover rates due to intraocular gas volume and positions using computational eye models and demonstrated the appropriate position after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software was used to calculate the retinal wall wettability of a computational pseudophakic eye models using fluid analysis. The model utilized different gas volumes from 10 to 90%, in increments of 10% to the vitreous cavity in the supine, sitting, lateral, prone with closed eyes, and prone positions. Then, the gas cover rates of the retina were measured in each quadrant. When breaks are limited to the inferior retina anterior to the equator or multiple breaks are observed in two or more quadrants anterior to the equator, supine position maintained 100% gas cover rates in all breaks for the longest duration compared with other positions. When breaks are limited to either superior, nasal, or temporal retina, sitting, lower temporal, and lower nasal position were maintained at 100% gas cover rates for the longest duration, respectively. Our results may contribute to better surgical outcomes of RRDs and a reduction in the duration of the postoperative prone position.
Reduced serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone is a putative biomarker of early knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged females at menopausal transition
Authors: Sasaki Eiji , Chiba Daisuke , Ota Seiya , Kimura Yuka , Sasaki Shizuka , Yamamoto Yuji , Oishi Maika , Iino Kaori , Ando Masataka , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA recent epidemiological study revealed that the highest prevalence of early knee osteoarthritis (OA) was observed in females aged ≥ 50 years. The major causal factor of early knee OA was sex. Despite the relevance of estrogen in evaluating chondral and bone metabolism in OA, it is not easily clinically monitored because irregular menstrual cycles induce unstable female hormone patterns during menopausal transitions. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been found to be a new stable biomarker to predict menopause. This study aimed to investigate the association between menopausal transition and early knee OA by using serum biomarkers, with special focus on AMH. A total of 518 female volunteers who participated in the Iwaki cohort study were enrolled and divided into pre-menopause and post-menopause groups. Weight-bearing anterior–posterior knee radiographs were classified by Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade, and grade ≥ 2 was defined as radiographic knee OA. In participants with KL grades 0 and 1, early knee OA was defined by Luyten’s criteria. AMH, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol (pg/ml), prolactin, and testosterone were measured on the female hormones. Bone mineral density at a distal radius was measured. The predictive power of female hormones for early knee OA was estimated by ROC analysis (comparison of area under curve, AUC) and regression analysis. Fifty-two participants (10.0%) were diagnosed with early knee OA and 204 (39.4%) with radiographic knee OA. In 393 (75.9%) females, menopause began. From the ROC analysis in pre-menopausal females, cutoff value of AMH for detecting early knee OA was 0.08 ng/ml (area under curve (AUC), 0.712; 95% CI, 0.527–0.897; p value, 0.025; odds ratio, 8.28). AUCs of other female hormones did not reach the level of AMH (range, 0.513 of prolactine to 0.636 of estradiol). Logistic regression analysis focusing on AMH reduction at menopausal transition showed that the related AMH below 0.08 ng/ml was significantly related to the presence of early knee OA (p = 0.035; odds ratio, 5.55). Reduced serum levels of AMH in middle-aged females were correlated with the presence of early knee OA, which might be a useful serum biomarker.
Assessment of transient changes in oxygen diffusion of single red blood cells using a microfluidic analytical platform
Authors: Chng Kevin Ziyang , Ng Yan Cheng , Namgung Bumseok , Tan Justin Kok Soon , Park Soyeon , Tien Sim Leng , Leo Hwa Liang , Kim Sangho 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) capability to deliver oxygen (O2) has been routinely measured by P50. Although this defines the ability of RBCs to carry O2 under equilibrium states, it cannot determine the efficacy of O2 delivery in dynamic blood flow. Here, we developed a microfluidic analytical platform (MAP) that isolates single RBCs for assessing transient changes in their O2 release rate. We found that in vivo (biological) and in vitro (blood storage) aging of RBC could lead to an increase in the O2 release rate, despite a decrease in P50. Rejuvenation of stored RBCs (Day 42), though increased the P50, failed to restore the O2 release rate to basal level (Day 0). The temporal dimension provided at the single-cell level by MAP could shed new insights into the dynamics of O2 delivery in both physiological and pathological conditions.
A Longitudinal Comparison of Environmental Sound Recognition in Adults With Hearing Aids Before and After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Harris Michael S. , Moberly Aaron C. , Hamel Ben L. , Vasil Kara , Runge Christina L. , Riggs William J. , Shafiro Valeriy 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The aims of this study were (a) to longitudinally assess environmental sound recognition (ESR) before and after cochlear implantation in a sample of postlingually deafened adults and (b) to assess the extent to which spectro-temporal processing abilities influence ESR with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method
In a longitudinal cohort study, 20 postlingually deafened adults were tested with hearing aids on the Familiar Environmental Sound Test–Identification and AzBio sentences in quiet pre-CI and 6 months post-CI. A subset of 11 participants were also tested 12 months post-CI. Pre-CI spectro-temporal processing was assessed using the Spectral-temporally Modulated Ripple Test.

Results

Average ESR accuracy pre-CI (
M
= 63.60%) was not significantly different from ESR accuracy at 6 months (
M
= 65.40%) or 12 months (
M
= 69.09%) post-CI. In 11 participants (55%), however, ESR improved following implantation by 10.91 percentage points, on average. Pre-CI ESR correlated moderately and significantly with pre-CI and 12-month post-CI AzBio scores, with a trend toward significance for AzBio performance at 6 months. Pre-CI spectro-temporal processing was moderately associated with ESR at 6 and 12 months post-CI but not with speech recognition post-CI.

Conclusions
The present findings failed to demonstrate an overall significant improvement in ESR following implantation. Nevertheless, more than half of our sample showed some degree of improvement in ESR. Several environmental sounds were poorly identified both before and after implantation. Spectro-temporal processing ability prior to implantation appears to predict postimplantation performance for ESR. These findings indicate the need for greater attention to ESR following cochlear implantation and for developing individualized targets for ESR rehabilitation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13876745
Low‐complexity neuron for fixed‐point artificial neural networks with ReLU activation function in energy‐constrained wireless applications
Authors: Chin Wen‐Long , Zhang Qinyu , Jiang Tao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis work introduces an efficient neuron design for fixed‐point artificial neural networks with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function for energy‐constrained wireless applications. The fixed‐point binary numbers and ReLU activation function are used in most application‐specific integrated circuit designs and artificial neural networks (ANN), respectively. It is well known that, owing to involved computation intensive tasks, the computational burden of ANNs is ultra heavy. Consequently, many practitioners and researchers are discovering the ways to reduce implementation complexity of ANNs, particularly for battery‐powered wireless applications. For this, a low‐complexity neuron to predict the sign bit of the input of the non‐linear activation function, ReLU, by employing the saturation characteristics of the activation function is proposed. According to our simulation results based on random data, computation overhead of a neuron using the proposed technique can be saved by a ratio of 29.6% compared to the conventional neuron using a word length of 8 bits without apparently increasing the prediction error. A comparison of the proposed algorithm with the popular 16‐bit fixed‐point format of the convolutional network, AlexNet, indicates that the computation can be saved by 48.58% as well.
A switched‐capacitor battery equalization method for improving balancing speed
Authors: Sun Wenbin , Li Yanling , Liu Lizhou , Mai Ruikun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe switched‐capacitor equalizer (SCE) has a broad application prospect because of its small size, easy control, and implementation. However, the conventional SCE by shifting energy between two adjacent cells usually has a lower balancing speed the number of imbalanced battery cells increases. Therefore, an automatic SCE is proposed to improve the balancing speed for a long battery string. The main advantage of the proposed method is taking the highest‐voltage battery cell as the source for balancing. By controlling the MOSFETs alternately with one pair of complementary pulse width modulation signals, the energy can be directly delivered from the highest‐voltage battery cell to other lower‐voltage ones, to avoid the frequent energy inflow or outflow from the same battery cell. A prototype for four lithium battery cells is implemented, and the comparisons between the proposed SCE and other SCEs in simulation and experiment are presented. Results show that the proposed SCE topology exhibits an obvious improvement in balancing speed at different initial voltage mismatch distributions.
Diagnostik der Spondylodiszitis
Authors: Leiderer Miriam , Viezens Lennart , Henes Frank Oliver 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Spondylodiszitis gilt in der westlichen Welt als ein häufig verzögert diagnostiziertes Krankheitsbild. Jedoch ist eine frühe Diagnosestellung entscheidend, um die Therapie zeitgerecht einzuleiten und so Komplikationen zu vermeiden. Die radiologische Bildgebung spielt dabei – besonders im Frühstadium – eine zentrale Rolle bei der Abgrenzung zu anderen Erkrankungen der Wirbelsäule.
Die Bedeutung der Ethik bei der Nutzung Künstlicher emotionaler Intelligenz in der Psychiatrie – ein ethischer Diskurs
Authors: Rüther Eckart , Hajak Göran , Huber Lukas , Zech Katharina , Trojan Andreas 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer ethische Diskurs spricht nachfolgende Aspekte an: Wofür brauchen wir Ethik? Disposition des Menschen zur Moral, Naturethik. Moral als gesellschaftliche Norm. Moral zum Erhalt einer un-, übermenschlichen Machtstruktur. Moral als Artefakt des Gehirns, als behindernd für neue Entwicklungen. Einheit von Ethik und Ästhetik. „Zoon politikon“, „Robinson Crusoe“. Benötigt eine Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) eine neue Ethik? Eigenschaften einer KI, entwickelt für die Einsamkeit, als Dienender oder mit christlicher Software, Gruppenfähigkeit, eigenen Emotionen, Bewusstsein und eigener Ethik, als Ergänzung. Soll KI zugemutet werden, menschliche Emotionen zu haben? Emotionale Intelligenz, Sprache als Vermittler von Emotionen und Empathie, Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, Künstliche (generale) emotionale Intelligenz, „Terminator“, „L’Eve future“.
Postoperative Hypokalzämie – die häufigste Komplikation der endokrinen Chirurgie der Halsregion: Akutes Management
Authors: Lammert Anne , Nowak Kai , Weber Roland , Rotter Nicole , Schölch Sebastian , Krämer Bernhard K. , Lammert Alexander 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund In Deutschland sind jährlich ca. 8000 Patienten nach Eingriffen an Schilddrüse, Nebenschilddrüse und Larynx von einem behandlungsbedürftigen postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus betroffen. Die Patienten leiden im Akutstadium der Hypokalzämie an Parästhesien und nicht selten auch über viele Jahre hinweg unter der Angst vor einem erneuten körperlichen Kontrollverlust bei schweren postoperativen Tetanien.Fragestellung/Ziel Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, für die Wichtigkeit des Managements des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus in der endokrinen Chirurgie der Halsregion zu sensibilisieren, einen praktikablen Diagnostikpfad aufzuzeigen und so die effektive Therapie zu ermöglichen.Material und Methode Narratives Review mit Auswertung und Diskussion von relevanten klinischen Originalarbeiten und Expertenempfehlungen.Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die frühzeitige postoperative Diagnosestellung nach Eingriffen im Halsbereich mittels Bestimmung von Kalzium und Parathormon ermöglicht den rechtzeitigen Therapiebeginn. Aktives Vitamin D sichert dabei die Resorption von Kalzium, sodass nur eine kombinierte Gabe von Vitamin D und Kalzium in der Lage ist, den postoperativen Kalziumabfall zu mitigieren oder ganz zu verhindern.Schlussfolgerung Eine Arbeitsanweisung (SOP) zur Diagnostik und Therapie der postoperativen Hypokalzämie sollte in jeder Klinik etabliert werden. Ein entsprechender Entwurf wurde in die Arbeit aufgenommen, damit Diagnose- und Therapiepfad effektiv an lokale Gegebenheiten angepasst werden können.
CENP-A chromatin prevents replication stress at centromeres to avoid structural aneuploidy
Authors: Giunta Simona , Hervé Solène , White Ryan R. , Wilhelm Therese , Dumont Marie , Scelfo Andrea , Gamba Riccardo , Wong Cheng Kit , Rancati Giulia , Smogorzewska Agata , Funabiki Hironori , Fachinetti Daniele 
Published: March 2021

Significance
CENP-A, the histone H3 variant that forms a unique centromeric chromatin, is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. Inability to connect the centromere to the mitotic spindle causes aneuploidy, a hallmark of many cancers. In addition to chromosome missegregation, chromosome fusions at (peri)centromeres are prevalent in cancers, but how such rearrangements arise remains unclear. Here, we identified a role for CENP-A in maintaining the integrity of centromere-associated repetitive sequences by ensuring their effective replication in human cells. In the absence of CENP-A, generation of DNA–RNA hybrids due to transcription–replication conflicts causes delayed DNA replication, centromere breakage, recombination, and chromosome translocations at centromeres. Centromeres thus possess a special mechanism to facilitate their replication and suppress chromosome translocations.
Machine learning active-nematic hydrodynamics
Authors: Colen Jonathan , Han Ming , Zhang Rui , Redford Steven A. , Lemma Linnea M. , Morgan Link , Ruijgrok Paul V. , Adkins Raymond , Bryant Zev , Dogic Zvonimir , Gardel Margaret L. , de Pablo Juan J. , Vitelli Vincenzo 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Artificial intelligence holds considerable promise for transforming quantitative modeling in materials science. We illustrate this potential by developing machine-learning models of a paradigmatic class of biomaterials called active nematics. These hybrid materials can be viewed as artificial muscles composed of biological fibers and molecular motors. Here, the macroscopic coefficients characterizing energy injection by motors and material elasticity are not constant. They are unknown functions of space and time that we extract directly from experiments using neural networks. Our physics-inspired machine-learning algorithms can also forecast the evolution of these complex materials simply using image sequences from their past, without any knowledge of the governing dynamics.
Ligand effects on phase separation of multivalent macromolecules
Authors: Ruff Kiersten M. , Dar Furqan , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Phase transitions of multivalent macromolecules known as scaffolds help drive the formation of functional biomolecular condensates in cells. The formation and dissolution of condensates is tightly regulated, as aberrant phase behavior is associated with disease. Here, we show that distinct types of ligands can exert control over the formation and dissolution of condensates by binding to distinct sites on scaffold molecules. We further show that the extent and direction of regulation can be inferred through direct measurements of how ligands impact scaffold phase boundaries. Our findings have broad implications for understanding and modeling ligand-mediated regulation of condensates in cells and for designing novel molecules that exert regulatory control over condensates.
Transcriptional heterogeneity and tightly regulated changes in gene expression duringPlasmodium bergheisporozoite development
Authors: Bogale Haikel N. , Pascini Tales V. , Kanatani Sachie , Sá Juliana M. , Wellems Thomas E. , Sinnis Photini , Vega-Rodríguez Joel , Serre David 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceA better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development ofPlasmodiumparasites inAnophelesmosquitoes would facilitate the development of malaria vaccines and of novel strategies to interrupt disease transmission. We characterized, at the single-cell level, the gene expression profiles of sporozoites from the rodent malaria parasitePlasmodium berghei, throughout their development in mosquitoes and upon salivation. Our analyses reveal heterogeneity in gene expression among parasites isolated from the same anatomical location, suggesting that parasite development is asynchronous in mosquitoes. In addition, our results highlight the role of gene expression changes in regulating the ability of sporozoites to remain quiescent in the salivary glands, and their rapid reactivation upon salivation.
In situ AP-XPS study on reduction of oxidized Rh catalysts under CO exposure and catalytic reaction conditions
Authors: Toyoshima Ryo , Ueda Kohei , Koda Yuki , Kodama Hiroshi , Sumida Hirosuke , Mase Kazuhiko , Kondoh Hiroshi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Reduction of oxidized Rh catalysts under carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and reaction conditions were studied by using ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. First, Rh powders pressed into a pellet were deeply oxidized and the reduction process under 100 mTorr CO environment was monitored in situ at different temperatures. The oxidized Rh surfaces are composed of Rh2O3 and RhO2, the latter of which is more segregated near the surface. Both oxide species are reduced simultaneously to the metallic state; kinetic analyses indicate that the activation energy of the reduction of the Rh oxides is 1.68 eV, which is a little larger than those for Pd oxides, probably due to a stronger Rh–O interaction. Reduction of oxidized Rh nano-particles deposited on SiO2 under two reaction conditions (CO + O2 and CO + NO + O2) was observed with increasing temperature. It was found that the reduction temperature shifts to the higher temperature in the presence of NO, even though the S-factors are almost the same. The NO molecule more strongly prevents the reduction of oxidized Rh catalyst compared to O2.
How to read between the lines of electronic spectra: the diagnostics of fluctuations in strongly correlated electron systems
Authors: Schäfer Thomas , Toschi Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While calculations and measurements of single-particle spectral properties often offer the most direct route to study correlated electron systems, the underlying physics may remain quite elusive, if information at higher particle levels is not explicitly included. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the different approaches which have been recently developed and applied to identify the dominant two-particle scattering processes controlling the shape of the one-particle spectral functions and, in some cases, of the physical response of the system. In particular, we will discuss the underlying general idea, the common threads and the specific peculiarities of all the proposed approaches. While all of them rely on a selective analysis of the Schwinger–Dyson (or the Bethe–Salpeter) equation, the methodological differences originate from the specific two-particle vertex functions to be computed and decomposed. Finally, we illustrate the potential strength of these methodologies by means of their applications the two-dimensional Hubbard model, and we provide an outlook over the future perspective and developments of this route for understanding the physics of correlated electrons.
Is there a role for haematopoietic cell transplants after radiation and nuclear accidents?
Authors: Gale Robert Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
My task is to consider whether haematopoietic cell transplants would be considered appropriate today in persons with features like victims of high-dose and dose-rate ionizing radiations after the Chernobyl nuclear power facility accident in 1986 given knowledge and experience gained over the past 35 years. First I consider the conceptual bases for considering an intervention appropriate and then the metric for deciding whether a transplant is appropriate in similar persons. Data needed to support this decision-making process include estimates of dose, dose-rate, dose uniformity, synchronous or metachronous injuries, donor availability and alternative interventions. Many of these co-variates have substantial uncertainties. Fundamental is a consideration of potential benefit-to-risk and risk-to-benefit ratios under conditions of substantial inaccuracy and imprecision. The bottom line is probably fewer transplants would be done and more victims would receive molecularly-cloned haematopoietic growth factors.
New two-dimensional arsenene polymorph predicted by first-principles calculation: robust direct bandgap and enhanced optical adsorption
Authors: Gao Yifan , Cheng Zixin , Wen Minru , Zhang Xin , Wu Fugen , Dong Huafeng , Zhang Gang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we predict a new polymorph of 2D monolayer arsenic. This structure, named δ-As, consists of a centrosymmetric monolayer, which is thermodynamically and kinetically stable. Distinctly different from the previously predicted monolayer arsenic with an indirect bandgap, the new allotrope exhibits a direct bandgap characteristic. Moreover, while keeping the direct bandgap unchanged, the bandgap of monolayer δ-As can be adjusted from 1.83 eV to 0 eV by applying zigzag-direction tensile strain, which is pronounced an advantage for solar cell and photodetector applications.
High electric field transport in GaAs0.51Sb0.49
Authors: Ferry David K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The semiconductor alloy GaAsSb is commonly found in many types of semiconductor devices, ranging from high electron mobility transistors to solar cells. Yet, surprisingly little is known about its transport properties. Here, we theoretically determine the high field transport properties of electrons and holes in the alloy GaAs0.51Sb0.49 that is lattice matched to InP and, in particular, is used in a great many of these types of semiconductor devices.