bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION OF THE VEGETATIVE PART OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE IN THE MEDIUM ACETIC ACID-WATER
Authors: Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Fedorov Vladimir Sergeyevich , Kharyanova Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna , Loskutov Sergey Redzhinal'dovich , Kournikova Aleksandra Vasil'yevna 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke as a raw material for the production of cellulose using redox-organosolvent delignification in the medium "CH3СOOН – H2O2 – H2O".
The chemical composition of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke and the influence of technological parameters of the delignification process on the yield and properties of the cellulose product were studied.
It was found that the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke collected in October (stems without leaves) with a chemical composition of more than 50 wt.% of polysaccharides in which presented the Kurshner-Hoffer cellulose more than 90 wt.% was more promising for processing. Experimental methods have been used to determine the parameters of the process of delignification of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke, which provide a high yield of cellulose (42.1 wt.%) with a low content of residual lignin (1.1 wt.%): content of H2O2 – 6.5 wt.%, CH3COOH – 23.4 wt.%, GM 15, duration – 2.5 h, catalyst H2SO4 – 0.2 wt.%.
It is shown that pre-extraction of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke with a 0.3% solution of dicarboxylic acids at a temperature of 80 °C with a liquid modulus of 10 for 3 hours reduces the content of residual lignin in the cellulose product to 0.5 wt.% and obtain an extract whose yield is – 7.8 wt.%, including a PB of 4.2 wt.%, which makes it promising for biochemical processing. The obtained results expand the areas of use of the vegetative part of Jerusalem artichoke and show the prospects for further more depth research to optimize the process of delignification and study the properties of the cellulose product.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BIOCONVERSION PRODUCTS POST-EXTRACTION RESIDUES OF THE VEGE-TATIVE PART OF PLANTS BY FUNGI FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA (SW.) P. KARST (FP5-15)
Authors: Mamaeva Ol'ga Olegovna , Isaeva Elena Vladimirovna 
Published: January 2021

The vegetative part of coniferous and deciduous wood plants is a unique source of natural compounds. The natural renewability of woody plants makes them an inexhaustible raw material for the production of biologically active substances. In the process of their production, about 70% of the non-recyclable post-extraction residue of the vegetative part remains, which is used as a feed additive. Since many plant wastes have a low protein content, in which essential amino acids are most often the limiting ones, they must be enriched with microbial protein, in particular the protein of basidial fungi. For this purpose, the fungi Fomitopsis pinicola (sw.) P. KARST (Fp5-15) were used in this work, since they are the least demanding to plant substrates and have high growth indicators.
The purpose of this study was to study the amino acid composition of products obtained as a result of bioconversion of post-extraction residues of fir tree greens and the vegetative part of balsamic poplar (buds, litter). The analysis of the amino acid composition of the products showed that the protein score increases during the biodegradation process (phenylalanine and tyrosine-by 35 %, threonine – by 37.5%). Also, high amounts of glycine, alanine, histidine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were found in the products of biodegradation. In terms of the content of a number of amino acids, the resulting products are superior to cereals and feed products based on the vegetative part of woody plants.
Thus, the results obtained show the possibility of using fermentation products as protein feed additives.
INFLUENCE OF THE MODIFIED WOOD BARK "UNISORB-BIO" ON THE RESTORATION OF SOILS CONTAMI-NATED WITH OIL
Authors: Ryazanova Tat'yana Vasil'yevna , Fedorova Ol'ga Semenovna 
Published: January 2021

The article examines the effect of the "Unisorb-Bio" carbamide sorbent modified with wood bark on the biodegradation of fuel oil using the example of artificially contaminated soil.
It is shown that for 100 days of exposure "Unisorb-Bio" and actinomycetes immobilized on it (Streptomyces exfoliatus strain) are able to effectively decompose fuel oil. The maximum value of the degree of destruction of fuel oil was 82.7% in soil samples with a sorbent modified with birch bark. In the samples with larch bark, this figure is 7.3% lower. The degree of destruction of fuel oil in the control soil sample (soil with fuel oil) for the entire exposure period was – 27.4%. If this figure is taken as the background, then only the direct contribution to the degradation of fuel oil biosorbent is 45.1%; biosorbent with 0.2% diammofoska – 55%; sorbent without microorganisms – 33.8%.
The results showed that the used carbamide sorbent with immobilized and native microflora is capable of effectively decomposing fuel oil to concentrations that allow the transition to agrotechnical measures. Thus, sowing watercress on soils after the end of the experiment showed that seed germination is 50–60%, which suggests that residual concentrations of fuel oil are relatively harmless to the root system of plants and the completion of the bioremidation process can be carried out by growing plants that are resistant to residual concentrations of pollutants.
In general, the result confirms the effectiveness of the applied method in accelerating bioremidation processes, but further development is required in the direction of creating mixed associations of UVOM.
TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF BIOMASS OF VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Akbulatov Edkham Shukriyevich , Lyubyashkin Aleksey Viktorovich , Pavlov Igor' Nikolayevich , Marchenko Roman Aleksandrovich , Alashkevich Yuriy Davydovich 
Published: January 2021

A special issue of the journal "Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials" is published on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Siberian State Technological University and the 60th anniversary of the Siberian State Aerospace University named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev. In 2016, the Reference University was created in Krasnoyarsk – Siberian State University of Science and Technology, by combining these two largest higher educational institutions.
The review article presents a brief historical reference, the main directions of pedagogical and scientific activity of the Department of Machines and Apparatus of Industrial Technologies. The main directions and prospects of work created on the basis of the department of scientific laboratory "Deep processing of plant raw materials" related to solving problems of deep complex processing of vegetal raw materials are presented.
The Effect of Macroeconomic Conditions on the Performance of Vietnamese Stock Market
Authors: Pham Hien-Ly , Lin Ching-Chung , Chan Shih-Ju 
Published: January 2021

Vietnam plays an important role in the global supply chain. As one of important emerging markets, many studies have focused on Vietnam-related issues. Vietnam established two stock markets in 2000s. The market performance becomes one of interesting issues to explore. This study is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables, including inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate, imports, exports, and gold price, on Ho Chi Minh stock market.
The study period is from July 2000 to October 2014. Using the monthly data collected from Vietnam General Statistic Office, IMF International Financial Statistics, and Ho Chi Minh stock exchange, the empirical findings of our regression model show that there exists a positive relationship for imports and gold price, while the relationships for exchange rate and interest rate are negative. No significant relationship has been found for the variables of inflation rate and exports.
Effects of Covid-19 Pandemy Over Maritime Transport: An Evaluation of Supply-demand Balance
Authors: Danisman Murat , Akkartal Erkut 
Published: January 2021

This research aims to examine the covid-19 pandemic measurements taken in maritime transport and their possible effects on the supply-demand equilibrium and consequently on the freight market. Covid-19 virus which infected quite large geographic area and people within very short time affects negatively not only every part of our life but also the production and service sector within the globalised world. This is mainly because the future tendency and further effects of this virus are unpredictable. Because of that, most countries are focused firstly on measurements to be taken to reduce the spreading speed of the virus. Although measurements and restrictions seem reduced spreading speed in some countries in short term, those measurements increase the operating costs of production and service companies. On the one hand reduction on cargo movements due to low demand and increasing operation cost due to measurements, have effected the supply-demand equilibrium of maritime transportation. This research examined the effects of already taken and could be revised measurements due to the present situation and possible future tendency of covid-19, and its consequential results on the freight market.
What is the optimal age for withdrawing Social Security Benefits? Full Retirement Age, Late Withdrawal Age of 70, or Early Withdrawal Age of 62
Authors: Pant Anurag , Kohli Raj K. 
Published: January 2021

When to retire is an individual decision based on many criteria like health of the individual, family responsibilities, expected life of the individual, single family income or dual family income, and other such considerations. A financial consideration can also be made. Retiring early will imply a reduction in social security benefits for the rest of your life. Retiring later than your full retirement age can mean a significant bump in benefits for the rest of your life. This paper simulates different conditions to estimate how long a life one needs to live to recover from the reduction in benefits resulting from earlier retirements. Specifically, we model four permutations of the time value of money and the marginal tax rate on early benefits. Our results show there are significant advantages of withdrawing early benefits in most cases where life expectancy is shorter. But when expected life terms are much higher above 83, delaying retirement can significantly enhance the payout of benefits.
Evolution to Digital Government through Intelligent Government in Korea
Authors: Cho June-Suh 
Published: January 2021

The Fourth Industrial Revolution can be summarized as the evolution of a connected and more intelligent society. Moreover, intelligence information technology is the driving force of change as the industry's fundamental structural changes.
The intelligence government is one of the digital governments that the Korean e-Government aims for. Korea is one of the leading e-government countries in the world. It is responsible for leading and disseminating e-government around the world, especially in the developing world.
In this paper, we discuss the stages of change, strategies, efforts, and examples from the Korean e-government to intelligent government, present guidelines, and discuss future development directions.
Trade Restriction and Economic Growth: A Study of Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Monadjemi Mehdi , Lodewijks John 
Published: January 2021

According to the World Bank, most research suggests that unilateral reduction in trade barriers can result in the greatest and the quickest gains in welfare. However, recently United States imposed tariffs on good imported from China and Chinese government retaliated by introducing trade barriers on imports from the United States. Generally, developed counties attempt to improve their trade deficits by allowing the exchange rate to depreciate, whereas developing countries rely more on trade restrictions.
In this paper, five developed countries and five developing countries that experienced persistent trade deficits were selected. A VAR statistical technique was used to examine the effects of exchange rate changes of the net trade of two selected groups of countries. It is shown that in case of developed counties, the exchange rate and net trade moved in the same direction. However, the same results were not confirmed for the developing countries.
SEX FOR SURVIVAL: THE FAILURE OF NEGOTIATION ON CONDOM USE BETWEEN FEMALE SEX-WORKERS AND THEIR MALE CUSTOMERS (A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY)
Authors: Soedirham Oedojo , Indarwati Dian Ratna 
Published: January 2021

The problem of covert prostitution is challenging to solve because it cannot be controlled by the loccal health officers due to the difficulties in detecting the presence of female sex workers (FSWs) who do not claim their profession when the Social Service does the data collection. It causes the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continues to increase, and it is difficult to prevent transmission of these diseases. The highest STI cases, based on data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia with a syndrome diagnosis approach and laboratory examinations according to risk groups for 2016-2018, suffered by FSWs as many as 93,798 cases. An increase in STI cases among FSWs shows that condom use among customers is still low. It is related to fewer negotiations with customers during sexual transactions. Prevention of STI transmission can be done by adhering customers to use condoms during sexual intercourse. This qualitative approach research was conducted to find out the ability of female sex workers to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms in every sexual transaction they do. The research approach was in the form of phenomenological studies and the informants were chosen based on their rich information on the issues through in-depth interviews. The informants in this research were FSWs, and their customers and shop owners were added as for research triangulation. The results showed that the ability of FSWs to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms is still low because FSWs are tempted to get money to live on. So sometimes they are tempted to get extra money from customers if the customers don't want to use condoms regardless of their own health. This study concludes that the economic needs of FSWs is still critical factors and also influences the ability to negotiate with customers about the use of condoms.
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Of PT. Sarihusada And Community Empowerment-Based Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) to Establish A Child Friendly Village In Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Agustinawati Eva Agustinawati , Karsidi Ravik , Tri Kartono Drajat , Kusnandar Kusnandar 
Published: January 2021

Badran in Yogyakarta which is located in the river bank of Winongo river used to be known as a dirty and slum area. Some children were malnourished due to unhealthy food and environment. This situation led people to being determined to establish a village that is more conducive for children. In cooperation with PT. Sarihusada, the community empowered Posyandu(Integrated Service Posts) to help them improve their health especially toddlers. This research is a qualitative research since the research findings based on the research problems, purposes, approaches as well as analysis cannot be achieved by using statistical or quantitative approaches.This reasearch uses primary and secondary data sources. The sampling techniques used in this research are purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data collecting technique was conducted through interactive methods including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD).The data validation in this research was conducted by using the source triangulation and data analysis which consists of data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results of the research demonstrate that the Integrated Service Posts (Posyandu) that exist in Badran village are the results of collaboration between the people of the village and the CSR of PT. Sarihusada through Rumah Srikandi (The House of Srikandi). The operation of the Posyandu is managed fully by the cadres of the Posyandu itself who come from the Badran village. The nutritionists of PT. Sarihusada mentored the mothers who have toddlers the ways to process healthy and nutritious food. Furthermore, PT. Sarihusada also provides milk for toddlers everytime the service held at Posyandu. After the CSR program of PT. Sarihusada has been completed, people contributed 500 rupiahs a month for the operational costs of the Posyandu sustenance.
Swimming against the tide: Comparative lessons from government efforts to prohibit private supplementary tutoring delivered by regular teachers
Authors: Bray Mark 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrivate supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has become a global phenomenon. It has a range of providers, including commercial companies, university students desiring extra pocket money, and regular school teachers who provide tutoring as a sideline activity. This paper focuses on the last category.Governments are commonly ambivalent about the existence of shadow education, and may especially disapprove of regular teachers providing private supplementary tutoring in part because they fear that the teachers will neglect their main duties. With such matters in mind, some governments have attempted to prohibit teachers from providing private tutoring. However, such prohibitions are difficult to implement. This paper analyses situations in Korea, Mauritius, Kenya and England in order to derive comparative lessons from experience. It demonstrates the importance of wider contextual factors including alignment of macro-level aspirations with the micro-level perspectives of families finding themselves in increasingly competitive environments.
The evolution of shadow education in China: From emergence to capitalisation
Authors: Feng Siyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPrivate supplementary tutoring, or shadow education, has become a global phenomenon, and China is among the countries where it is most prevalent. By 2019, China’s private tutoring industry had grown into a prominent sector providing educational services to millions of students and parents. This article examines the development process of shadow education in China, and explores the path that led to its current prevalence. Drawing on existing literature and publicly available data sources, the article maps key stages of shadow education’s evolution and its changing characteristics. The analysis suggests that China’s private tutoring industry has undergone three stages of evolution: first, the emergence stage, when small numbers of individuals started to provide tutoring on an informal basis; second, the industrialisation stage, when institutionalised providers became primary providers of more formal types of tutoring services; and third, the capitalisation stage, when major providers of shadow education evolved into part of the educational capital market. The discussion argues that the development trajectory of shadow education occurred in line with the continued marketisation of education in China. The article also addresses the implications of capitalised shadow education as it enters a more intensified and controversial phase of development.
Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction by a New 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonamide Derivative In Acute Leukemia Cells
Authors: Alves Almeida Patricia , Schmitz de Souza Luiz Felipe , Franzoni Maioral Mariana , Otto Walter Laura , Fischer Duarte Bruna , Mattos Santos-Pirath Íris , Bauer Speer Douglas , Sens Larissa , Tizziani Tiago , Sena de Oliveira Aldo , Nunes Ricardo José , Santos-Silva Maria Cláudia 
Published: January 2021

Background: Current therapies for acute leukemias (ALs) are associated with severe adverse reactions and high relapse rates, which makes the search for new antileukemic agents a necessity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new sulfonamide, S1, in AL cells K562 and Jurkat. Methods: The cytotoxic activity of S1 was assessed using MTT method. The involvement of apoptosis in the mechanism of cell death was assessed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that S1 induced morphological changes suggestive of apoptosis in both K562 and Jurkat cells. Additionally, S1 was not cytotoxic to normal erythrocytes and mononuclear cells and had a highly selective cytotoxicity for AL lineages. The mechanisms of cell death induced by S1 in K562 cells involves cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, with an increased FasR and AIF expression and the loss of mitochondrial potential. As for Jurkat, we observed cell cycle blockade at G0/G1 phase, phosphatidylserine exposure and the involvement of intrinsic apoptosis only, with mitochondrial potential loss and a reduced expression of Survivin. Although sulfonamide S1 did not altered Bcl-2 and Bax expression in AL cell lines, it was able to activate caspase-3 in K562 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that sulfonamide S1 may be a promising candidate for the development of new drugs for the treatment of ALs
The Effect of Selenium on Micro-Albuminuria in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghadiri-Anari Akram , Jam-Ashkezari Saeedeh , Fallah-Tafti Bahareh , Rahmanian Masoud , Namiranian Nasim 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy. So antioxidant agents may be one of the key treatment strategies for prevention of diabetic nephropathy progression .The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selenium (Se) on micro-albuminuria in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical study on 60 T2DM patients with micro-albuminuria who were referred to Yazd diabetic research center from March 2016 till April 2017. Patients were randomized in to two groups: Se (200 microgram Se daily) and control. The control group did not receive placebo. The intervention duration was 12 weeks. Micro-albuminuria, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, urea, creatinine, HbA1c, plasma Se concentration were measured at the baseline and after 12 weeks.
Results: Micro-albuminuria decreased after 12 weeks in both studied groups but it was not statistically significant. Cholesterol and LDL levels improved statistically in both studied groups at the end of study (P-value: 0.034, 0.023 respectively). Plasma Se level increased in intervention group (P-value< 0.001). There were clinically improvement in other studied variables after 12 weeks in two studied groups but not statistically significant
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that Se supplementation for 12 weeks among patients with micro-albuminuria had no beneficial effects on micro albuminuria.