bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling augmented Lagrangian preconditioner in an incompressible fluid solver
Authors: Olshanskii Maxim A. , Zhiliakov Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper discusses a reuse of matrix factorization as a building block in the Augmented Lagrangian (AL) and modified AL preconditioners for nonsymmetric saddle point linear algebraic systems. The strategy is applied to solve two‐dimensional incompressible fluid problems with efficiency rates independent of the Reynolds number. The solver is then tested to simulate motion of a surface fluid, an example of a two‐dimensional flow motivated by an interest in lateral fluidity of inextensible viscous membranes. Numerical examples include the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability problem posed on the sphere and on the torus. Some new eigenvalue estimates for the AL preconditioner are derived.
Anxiety due to COVID‐19 among healthcare providers during pandemic: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey in Iran
Authors: Kamali Mahsa , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Azizi Marzieh , Ghasemian Roya , Hasannezad Reskati Maryam , Elyasi Forouzan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimThe main purpose of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare providers in Iran.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional survey was performed on healthcare providers selected through the convenience sampling method from April 6 to May 19, 2020, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, a self‐report web‐based questionnaire made up of a sociodemographic characteristics information form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was distributed. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test (χ2), and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were accordingly practiced to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.ResultsOf 1343 healthcare providers, 45.8% and 73.0% had moderate physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, respectively. The logistic regression model similarly demonstrated that anxiety caused by COVID‐19 was significantly correlated with the age ranges of 41‐50 (P = .007) and 51‐60 (P = .014) years as well as male participants (P < .001). In addition, the prevalence rates of depression and stress were, respectively, reported by 35.1% and 27.8%. There was correspondingly a significant relationship between depression and age as well as stress and gender.ConclusionsIt seems that healthcare managers need to focus more attention on psychological aspects in healthcare providers during this pandemic and plan to teach them about coping strategies.
Collision‐induced spin‐orbit relaxation of highly vibrationally excited NO near 1 K
Authors: Amarasinghe Chandika , Perera Chatura A. , Li Hongwei , Zuo Junxiang , Besemer Matthieu , van der Avoird Ad , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , Guo Hua , Suits Arthur G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractState‐to‐state scattering studies of vibrationally excited molecules in the cold regime extend inelastic scattering investigations into a new territory. Here, we present differential cross‐sections for superelastic scattering of spin‐orbit excited nitric oxide (NO) (v = 10, Ω = 1.5, j = 1.5) with argon near 1 K utilizing our recently developed near‐copropagating beam technique, and compare these to quantum scattering calculations on coupled cluster and multi‐reference potential energy surfaces. At these collision energies, the scattering is mainly governed by resonances and provides a platform to assess the accuracy of the attractive part of the difference potential for the NO–Ar system, which has remained untested. Quantum scattering calculations for such inelastic processes on high‐quality potential energy surfaces at thermal energies have largely been successful at reproducing the key features of experimental results, but cold spin‐orbit changing collisions are shown to test the limits of the current theoretical state‐of‐the‐art. The experimental results clearly exhibit backscattering centered around 3.5 cm−1 collision energy suggesting a scattering resonance; such resonances have never been detected for the well‐studied NO–Ar system. A partial wave analysis based on a multireference potential energy surface suggests the enhanced backscattering arises from overlapping resonances associated with the highest partial wave contributions.Key points
We have achieved state‐to‐state spin‐orbit changing collisions of highly vibrationally excited NO with Ar near 1 K utilizing the near‐copropagating beam technique.
The experiment reveals the influence of quantum scattering resonances for the well‐studied NO–Ar system for the first time.
The results are found to challenge the current theoretical state‐of‐the‐art.
Optimal leader‐follower affine formation control of linear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zhi Hui , Chen Liangming , Li Chuanjiang , Lv Yueyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article studies optimal leader‐follower affine formation control for linear multi‐agent systems, which has more formation flexibility due to the usage of stress matrices. First, based on the inverse optimality strategy, an affine formation control law is designed to drive the followers to their target positions, in which a corresponding performance index is minimized. Next, to minimize a prespecified performance index, another class of optimal affine formation control law is proposed by using a cooperative estimator. The design of the cooperative estimator is based on the proportional‐integral feedback which estimates the target position of each follower. Under the proposed control law, the followers achieve the target formation and the given performance indices are guaranteed to be optimal at the same time. Finally, the corresponding simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the presented approaches.
Unknown input observer design for vehicle lateral dynamics described by Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems
Authors: El Youssfi Naoufal , El Bachtiri Rachid , Zoulagh Taha , El Aiss Hicham 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the problem of an unknown input observer for nonlinear lateral dynamic systems. Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models have been used to represent the vehicle lateral system with parameters uncertain. The observer used is well suited to estimate the vehicle state and actuator/sensor faults, simultaneously. By using Finsler's lemma, the conditions obtained are expressed through linear matrix inequality constraints. Finally, the results of the simulation clearly show the importance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Understanding changes to children's connection to nature during the COVID‐19 pandemic and implications for child well‐being
Authors: Friedman Samantha , Imrie Susan , Fink Elian , Gedikoglu Mina , Hughes Claire 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

While psychological connection to nature is known to be associated with both pro‐environmental behaviours and well‐being, there is an urgent need to extend this research to consider impacts from the COVID‐19 lockdown period. Examining whether children's connection to nature changed during this period, identifying the drivers of these changes and determining the links between connection to nature and child well‐being can each serve to guide post‐lockdown initiatives to promote children's connection to nature.

Three findings emerged from this UK sample of 376 families with young children. First, nearly two thirds of parents reported a change (most typically, an increase) in their child's connection to nature. Explanations for this increase included having more time, increased enjoyment of nature and increased awareness or interest in nature. Second, a third of children whose connection to nature decreased during the pandemic displayed increased problems of well‐being—manifest as either ‘acting out’ (externalising problems) or sadness/anxiety (internalising problems). Third, an increase in connection to nature during the pandemic was more evident for children from affluent families than for their less affluent peers.

While connecting to nature may be an effective means of addressing child problems of well‐being, the divergent findings for children from different family backgrounds indicate that efforts to enhance connection to nature should focus on the barriers experienced by children from less affluent families.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Approaching new biomaterials: copolymerization characteristics of vinyl esters with norbornenes, allyl esters and allyl ethers
Authors: Steinbauer Patrick , Liska Robert , Baudis Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVinyl ester‐based monomers for radical photopolymerization have recently been shown to be promising alternatives to (meth)acrylates through lower irritancy and cytotoxicity. Vinyl ester monomers are becoming increasingly important on account of new, more cost‐efficient synthetic production methods, not to forget their increased reactivity and improved material properties in combination with thiol–ene polymerization. Due to their biocompatibility and degradability, these monomers are more frequently used in tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the material properties can be improved by possible copolymerizations with other monomers. Therefore, the copolymerization behavior of vinyl ester with norbornene, allyl ether and allyl ester has been studied fundamentally in a photoreactor via free radical photopolymerization. Here, the consumption of double bonds of the monomers has been identified using NMR spectroscopy. Copolymerization parameters have been determined using the Kelen–Tüdös method. Results show equal consumption of vinyl ester and co‐monomer double bonds leading to alternating copolymerizations. The double bond conversion was confirmed via in situ real‐time near‐infrared photorheology. Mono‐ and difunctional vinyl esters with co‐monomers have also provided further insight into the polymer network of these copolymers. © 2021 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Examining the structural validity of the SSIS SEL brief scales—Teacher and student forms
Authors: Anthony Christopher J. , Brann Kristy L. , Elliott Stephen N. , Garis Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlthough interest in social‐emotional learning (SEL) is growing, there are few efficient measures of SEL constructs, especially those of the popular CASEL Framework. To address this need, the SSIS SEL Brief Scales (SSIS SELb) were developed. Initial evidence for the SSIS SELb is promising, but evidence is needed for its structural validity. The purpose of this study was to provide such evidence. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate six plausible structures of the SSIS SELb‐Teacher (n = 643) and SSIS SELb‐Student (n = 530) forms with a large sample collected from two Midwestern private/parochial schools. Results indicated each of the models were defensible, but all models pointed to the conclusion that applied use should focus on the overall SEL Composite score. Findings provided support for the SSIS SELb Scales and indicated the need for future research better explicating the theoretical specifics of the CASEL Framework.
Brassinosteroids promote parenchyma cell and secondary xylem development in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) root
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Yaqing , Li Guolong , Zhang Shaoying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIncreasing crop yield has always been an important goal in agriculture. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are growth‐promoting steroid hormones with vital roles in many root developmental processes. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a root crop with a tertiary root structure. The differentiation of vascular bundles and the division of cambial cells increase root diameter. However, little is known about how BRs regulate the transverse growth of beetroot. Therefore, sugar beet with eight leaves was grown in medium containing epibrassinolide or brassinazole, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. BRs increased the spacing between the cambial rings by increasing the size of parenchyma cells between the rings and ultimately increasing root diameter. BRs also promoted secondary xylem differentiation. Moreover, the gene expression analysis of BvXTH33, BvSHV3, BvCESA6, BvPARVUS, and BvCEL1, which were related to the cell wall biosynthesis, indicated that BR could promote the growth of cell wall. These findings showed that BRs function in transverse development in beetroot.
Registration of tropical populations of maize selected in parallel for early flowering time across the United States
Authors: Weldekidan Teclemariam , Manching Heather , Choquette Nicole , de Leon Natalia , Flint‐Garcia Sherry , Holland James , Lauter Nick , Murray Seth C. , Xu Wenwei , Goodman Major M. , Wisser Randall J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTropical strains of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays L.) flower very late in temperate environments. This is a barrier to maize diversification and improvement in regions where a large share of the world's corn production takes place. For investigating early flowering time adaptation, a tightly controlled parallel selection experiment spanning a 28° latitudinal range (∼3,100 km) across the United States was conducted. First, a tropical synthetic population (TropicS‐G0) (Reg. no. GP‐605, PI 698625) of maize was created from seven inbred parents. The molecular genetic diversity in TropicS‐G0 is representative of tropical inbreds that are differentiated from the prevailing germplasm used for hybrid production in the United States. Admixture analysis and genome simulation showed that breeding of TropicS‐G0 captured the parental genomes mostly at random, as intended prior to selection. With TropicS‐G0 as a common base population, a standardized protocol was used to recurrently select for early flowering time at eight locations for two generations, giving rise to location‐specific lineages (TropicS‐G1‐PR, Reg. no. GP‐621, PI 698641; TropicS‐G2‐PR, Reg. no. GP‐622, PI 698642; TropicS‐G2‐FL, Reg. no. GP‐620, PI 698640; TropicS‐G1‐cTX, Reg. no. GP‐618, PI 698638; TropicS‐G2‐cTX, Reg. no. GP‐619, PI 698639; TropicS‐G1‐nTX, Reg. no. GP‐616, PI 698636; TropicS‐G2‐nTX, Reg. no. GP‐617, PI 698637; TropicS‐G1‐NC, Reg. no. GP‐614, PI 698634; TropicS‐G2‐NC, Reg. no. GP‐615, PI 698635; TropicS‐G1‐DE, Reg. no. GP‐610, PI 698630; TropicS‐G1‐IA, Reg. no. GP‐608, PI 698628; TropicS‐G2‐IA, Reg. no. GP‐609, PI 698629; TropicS‐G1‐WI, Reg. no. GP‐606, PI 698626; TropicS‐G2‐WI, Reg. no. GP‐607, PI 698627). Additional generations of selection were performed for the DE lineage (TropicS‐G3‐DE, Reg. no. GP‐611, PI 698631; TropicS‐G4‐DE, Reg. no. GP‐612, PI 698632; TropicS‐G5‐DE, Reg. no. GP‐613, PI 698633). The parallel‐selected maize population is a novel resource for breeders and those seeking to investigate adaptation.
Registration of HA‐R14, HA‐R15, HA‐R16, and HA‐R17 oilseed sunflower germplasm with broad resistance to rust and downy mildew
Authors: Qi Lili , Ma Guojia , Seiler Gerald 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRust and downy mildew (DM) are two of the most important sunflower diseases in the world. The development of sunflower hybrids with enhanced levels of genetic resistance to both diseases is a goal for sunflower breeding. Four oilseed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm lines, HA‐R14 (Reg. no. GP‐371, PI 698193), HA‐R15 (Reg. no. GP‐372, PI 698194), HA‐R16 (Reg. no. GP‐373, PI 698195), and HA‐R17 (Reg. no. GP‐374, PI 698196) are multiple rust‐ and DM‐resistant lines that were developed and released by the USDA‐ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2020. Three lines, HA‐R14 (R4R4/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), HA‐R15 (R5R5/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), and HA‐R16 (R13bR13b/R12R12/PlArgPlArg), stack two different rust genes with a common DM gene PlArg, and HA‐R17 (R13bR13b/R15R15) possesses two rust genes, R13b and R15. These germplasm lines will provide a broad spectrum of useful sources of resistance to all known races of rust and DM.
Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Time for a new paradigm?
Authors: Binns Emma , Koenraads Marianne , Hristeva Lidia , Flamant Alix , Baier‐Grabner Sebastian , Loi Mervin , Lempainen Johanna , Osterheld Elise , Ramly Bazlin , Chakakala‐Chaziya Jessica , Enaganthi Niveditha , Simó Nebot Silvia , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeasonal epidemics of influenza and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality among children. During the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the epidemiology of these viruses seems to have changed dramatically. In Australia and New Zealand, a significant decrease in both influenza and bronchiolitis have been noticed during usual peak seasons. Data from early months of winter seasons in Europe are showing similar trends. This current scenario imposes a reconsideration of the paradigm that toddlers and young schoolchildren are the main drivers of seasonal RSV outbreaks and respiratory epidemics in general. In this article, we summarize current literature, address current knowledge or role of adults in the RSV epidemiology, describe the lessons learned from pertussis epidemics and call the international community to better understand the community transmission dynamics of respiratory infections in all age groups. This can allow the establishment of better and more affordable preventive measures in the whole population level, which can ultimately save millions of child lives.
The Meaning of “Participation” in Co‐Design with Children and Youth: Relationships, Roles, and Interactions
Authors: Bowler Leanne , Wang Karen , Lopatovska Irene , Rosin Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper examines the concept of participation in co‐design practices with children and youth. Rooted in Participatory Design and Participatory Action Research frameworks, the paper draws from multi‐disciplinary literature to survey existing definitions of the relationships, roles, and types of human interactions in participatory co‐design. The paper advocates for the active role of children and youth in the co‐design process and presents models of youth participation. The paper highlights the importance of understanding and clearly communicating various degrees of participation, with the ultimate goal of empowering youth and involving them in brainstorming, planning, decision‐making, and interpretation stages of the design process. We introduce the concept of conscious co‐design and the need to reflect on the design process at a meta level in Participatory Design and Participatory Action Research.
Predicting Surrogates' Health Information Seeking Behavior via Information Source and Information Evaluation
Authors: Chang Yung‐Sheng , Zhang Yan , Gwizdka Jacek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates surrogates' health information sharing behavior through information sources and information evaluation. A lab‐based experiment was conducted. Twenty‐five participants read five scenarios, each with three preselected webpages from a government, a commercial, and an online forum source. Participants had to decide whether to share the information with an imaginary friend of theirs and provide rationales (an indication of information evaluation). Content analysis and mixed effects logistic regression models were performed. Government websites were recommended for sharing the most, followed by commercial and online forum sources. Criteria predicting participants' intention to share information were different for each information source. The content's usefulness and trustworthiness were two criteria predicting participants' intention to share commercial websites. Source's trustworthiness and individual relevant criterion were two significant predictors for government sources. Source's trustworthiness had negative effects on sharing information from online forums. 13.3% of the information evaluation involved using both positive and negative criteria.
Racist Framing through Stigmatized Naming: A Topical and Geo‐locational Analysis of #Chinavirus and #Chinesevirus on Twitter
Authors: Chong Miyoung , Chen Haihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, racists remarks accompanied by racist hashtags were disseminated via social media. Particularly, Asian Americans in the U.S. have been suffered from racism and xenophobia, resulting in physical violence and mental harassment in many cases. Despite the major function of the social media as an open‐access platform for unedited and free speech for people with a diverse background, the global episodes of the soaring racism and xenophobia occurred in online public arenas reaffirmed that the platforms could be used for a nurturing ground of racism and xenophobia. This study examined the top influencers in the racist hashtag Twitter network and top shared neighboring hashtags with #Chinavirus or #Chinesevirus. We extracted topics from the racist hashtag Twitter network applying the state‐of‐the‐art BERTopic modeling technique and conducted a geo‐locational analysis of the participants of the network globally and by U.S. states. Trump was identified as the most influential actor in the #Chinavirus and #Chinesevirus Twitter network. This study confirmed previous literature that the political elite's public communication strategy to deviate the attention of the public suffered from the new disease and went through hardships under the epidemic crisis.
Youth Research under the Microscope: A Conceptual Analysis of Youth Information Interaction Studies
Authors: Figueiredo Vanessa , Meyers Eric M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractYouth information interaction (YII) research has focused on challenges youth encounter when interacting with information across different contexts. Although these studies have been fundamental to outline youth information behaviour, the absence of YII theoretical frameworks might limit our approach to contemporary issues, such as the increased use of apps and mobile devices for information searching. This paper presents a conceptual analysis of studies conducted between 1997–2020 to explore predominant epistemological stances and cognitive frameworks in YII. The conceptual analysis generated five typologies operationalizing YII studies in seven categories: epistemological stance, knowledge assumption, cognitive framework, study type, study design, theoretical framework, study outcomes, and applications. The findings suggest that YII research have converged to empiricist and rationalist stances supporting exploratory approaches. These findings elicit the urgency for the development of theoretical frameworks that support the validity of YII phenomena with the purpose of developing a new agenda for YII research.