bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of potato to fertilizers applied on different soil types in Kenyan Highlands
Authors: Mugo James Njeru , Karanja Nancy , Gachene Charles , Dittert Klaus , Schulte‐Geldermann Elmar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDeclining soil fertility in Nitisols and Planosols, which dominate major potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growing areas of Kenya, is a hindrance to sustainable production of the crop. A study was conducted in Nyandarua County, Kenya, to assess performance of potato and the agronomic efficiencies of three fertilizer types: diammonium phosphate (DAP) (N–P2O5–K2O: 18–46–0), Mavuno Peas, Beans and Root Vegetables (MRV) (15N:8 P2O5:15 K2O plus S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mn, Mo), and new Mavuno blend (18N:24 P2O5:10 K2O plus 5S, 0.04B, 0.02 Zn). The experiments were established on Nitisol and Planosol soil types in farmers’ fields. Two potato varieties were evaluated in a split plot layout design. Diammonium phosphate had the highest and significant influence on potato haulm, giving 16.5 and 15.5 g plant–1 on variety Sherekea growing on Nitisol and Planosol, respectively. Fertilizer type significantly influenced potato yield, which was recorded at 29.2 t ha–1 with DAP and 26.6 t ha–1 with new Mavuno on variety Sherekea grown on Nitisol. A significant positive interaction (P < .05) of fertilizer type and soil type was observed. Fertilizers also gave significant effect on agronomic efficiency of N, P, and K. Potato yield and agronomic nutrient use efficiency were dependent on the fertilizer types used as well as soil type. Diammonium phosphate and new Mavuno were the best fertilizer types.
The COLTRIMS Reaction Microscope—The Spyhole into the Ultrafast Entangled Dynamics of Atomic and Molecular Systems
Authors: Schmidt‐Böcking Horst , Ullrich Joachim , Dörner Reinhard , Cocke Charles Lewis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COLTRIMS Reaction Microscope C‐REMI can image the momentum vectors of all emitted charged fragments in an atomic or molecular reactions similar to the bubble chamber in high energy particle physics. C‐REMI can detect fragments with “zero” kinetic energy in an ultrahigh vacuum environment by projecting them with weak electromagnetic fields onto position‐sensitive detectors. Geometrically a nearly 4π collection solid angle and a nearly 50% efficiency for a fivefold multi‐coincidence can be achieved. Measuring time‐of‐flight and detector position the momenta of the fragments can be measured with excellent resolution (<0.01 a.u.; see A1 in the Appendix). Thus, multivector correlations in momentum space are measured, which provide insight into the entangled dynamics of atomic and molecular quantum systems. From these vector‐correlations phases and energies can be deduced which allow for relative time measurements even in the zeptosecond range. C‐REMI provides a “spyhole” into the secrets of ultrafast dynamics of atomic and molecular processes. It is applied today around the globe in numerous research projects in physics and chemistry. The purpose for writing this article is to demonstrate the universal application possibilities of C‐REMI, and its high multi‐coincidence efficiency and high momentum resolution. This paper will not give a review on all milestone experiments performed with C‐REMI.
Highly Efficient Oxidative Cyanation of Aldehydes to Nitriles over Se,S,N‐tri‐Doped Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanosheets
Authors: Hua Manli , Song Jinliang , Huang Xin , Liu Huizhen , Fan Honglei , Wang Weitao , He Zhenhong , Liu Zhaotie , Han Buxing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOxidative cyanation of aldehydes provides a promising strategy for the cyanide‐free synthesis of organic nitriles. Design of robust and cost‐effective catalysts is the key for this route. Herein, we designed a series of Se,S,N‐tri‐doped carbon nanosheets with a hierarchical porous structure (denoted as Se,S,N‐CNs‐x, x represents the pyrolysis temperature). It was found that the obtained Se,S,N‐CNs‐1000 was very selective and efficient for oxidative cyanation of various aldehydes including those containing other oxidizable groups into the corresponding nitriles using ammonia as the nitrogen resource below 100 °C. Detailed investigations revealed that the excellent performance of Se,S,N‐CNs‐1000 originated mainly from the graphitic‐N species with lower electron density and synergistic effect between the Se, S, N, and C in the catalyst. Besides, the hierarchically porous structure could also promote the reaction. Notably, the unique feature of this metal‐free catalyst is that it tolerated other oxidizable groups, and showed no activity on further reaction of the products, thereby resulting in high selectivity. As far as we know, this is the first work for the synthesis of nitriles via oxidative cyanation of aldehydes over heterogeneous metal‐free catalysts.
Tuning the Circular Dichroism and Circular Polarized Luminescence Intensities of Chiral 2D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites through Halogenation of the Organic Ions
Authors: Lin Jin‐Tai , Chen Deng‐Gao , Yang Lan‐Sheng , Lin Tai‐Chun , Liu Yi‐Hung , Chao Yu‐Chiang , Chou Pi‐Tai , Chiu Ching‐Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThrough the incorporation of various halogen‐substituted chiral organic cations, the effects of chiral molecules on the chiroptical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are investigated. Among them, the HOIP having a Cl‐substituted chiral cation exhibits the highest circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL) intensities, indicating the existence of the largest rotatory strength, whereas the F‐substituted HIOP shows the weakest intensities. The observed modulation can be correlated to the varied magnetic transition dipole of HOIPs, which is sensitive to the d‐spacing between inorganic layers and the halogen–halogen interaction between organic cations and the inorganic sheets. These counteracting effects meet the optimal CD and CPL intensity with chlorine substitution, rendering the rotatory strength of HOIPs arranged in the order of (ClMBA)2PbI4>(BrMBA)2PbI4>(IMBA)2PbI4>(MBA)2PbI4>(FMBA)2PbI4.
The multifaceted hTR telomerase RNA from a structural perspective
Authors: Raghunandan Maya , Decottignies Anabelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman telomerase progressively emerged as a multifaceted ribonucleoprotein complex with additional functions beyond telomeric repeat synthesis. Both the hTERT catalytic subunit and the hTR long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) subunit are engaged in highly regulated cellular pathways that, together, contribute to cell fitness and protection against apoptosis. We recently described a new role for hTR in regulating the abundance of replication protein A at telomeres, adding to the growing repertoire of hTR’s functions. Here, we focus on the non‐canonical roles of hTR and discuss them in the context of the structural elements of the lncRNA. We propose that some functions of hTR may compete amongst each other through distinct interactions with its partners, proteins or mRNAs. We postulate that hTR’s non‐canonical functions may be highly relevant in the context of normal somatic cells that naturally silence hTERT gene, while keeping hTR expression.
Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Particles Prepared by Classical Polymerization Techniques
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Debije Michael G. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiquid‐crystalline polymer particles prepared by classical polymerization techniques are receiving increased attention as promising candidates for use in a variety of applications including micro‐actuators, structurally colored objects, and absorbents. These particles have anisotropic molecular order and liquid‐crystalline phases that distinguish them from conventional polymer particles. In this minireview, the preparation of liquid‐crystalline polymer particles from classical suspension, (mini‐)emulsion, dispersion, and precipitation polymerization reactions are discussed. The particle sizes, molecular orientations, and liquid‐crystalline phases produced by each technique are summarized and compared. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges and prospects of the preparation of liquid‐crystalline polymer particles by classical polymerization techniques.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing Trans Mitomycin C DNA Adducts at N6 of Adenine and N2 of Guanine
Authors: Zacarias Owen , Petrovic Ana G. , Abzalimov Rinat , Pradhan Padmanava , Champeil Elise 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMitomycin C, (MC), an antitumor drug, is a DNA alkylating agent currently used in the clinics. Inert in its native form, MC is reduced to reactive mitosenes, which undergo nucleophilic attack by guanine or adenine bases in DNA to form monoadducts as well as interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Although ICLs are considered the most cytotoxic lesions, the role of each individual adduct in the drug's cytotoxicity is still not fully understood. Synthetic routes have been developed to access modified oligonucleotides containing dG MC‐monoadducts and dG‐MC‐dG ICL at a single position of their base sequences to investigate the biological effects of these adducts. However, until now, oligonucleotides containing monoadducts formed by MC at the adenine base had not been available, thus preventing the examination of the role played by these lesions in the toxicity of MC. Here, we present a route to access these substrates. Structural proof of the adducted oligonucleotides were provided by enzymatic digestion to nucleosides and high‐resolution mass spectral analysis. Additionally, parent oligonucleotides containing a dG monoadduct and a dG‐MC‐dG ICL were also produced. The stability and physical properties of all substrates were compared via CD spectroscopy and UV melting temperature studies. Finally, virtual models were created to explore the conformational space and structural features of these MC‐DNA complexes.
Halogen‐Bonding Strapped Porphyrin BODIPY Rotaxanes for Dual Optical and Electrochemical Anion Sensing
Authors: Cheong Tse Yuen , Hein Robert , Mitchell Edward J. , Zhang Zongyao , Beer Paul D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAnion receptors employing two distinct sensory mechanisms are rare. Herein, we report the first examples of halogen‐bonding porphyrin BODIPY [2]rotaxanes capable of both fluorescent and redox electrochemical sensing of anions. 1H NMR, UV/visible and electrochemical studies revealed rotaxane axle triazole group coordination to the zinc(II) metalloporphyrin‐containing macrocycle component, serves to preorganise the rotaxane binding cavity and dramatically enhances anion binding affinities. Mechanically bonded, integrated‐axle BODIPY and macrocycle strapped metalloporphyrin motifs enable the anion recognition event to be sensed by the significant quenching of the BODIPY fluorophore and cathodic perturbations of the metalloporphyrin P/P+. redox couple.
Herleitung und Validierung eines einfachen Modells zur Beschreibung des Misch‐ und Entmischungsprozesses beim Feststoffmischen
Authors: Habermann Ralf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiskontinuierliche Feststoff‐Mischprozesse werden weitestgehend über die Mischzeit geführt. Dabei wird die erforderliche Mischzeit häufig in Mischversuchen separat ermittelt. Ob diese dem Optimum entspricht, bleibt offen. Es fehlt an Modellen zur Beschreibung des zeitlichen Mischgüte‐Verlaufs. Der vorliegende Beitrag fügt ein einfaches, zweiparametriges Modell hinzu, das neben dem Homogenisier‐ auch den Segregationsprozess berücksichtigt. Damit können mögliche Mischgüte‐Optima mithilfe weniger durchgeführter Mischversuche approximiert werden.
PROTOCOL: Strengthening women's empowerment and gender equality in fragile contexts towards peaceful and inclusive societies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lwamba Etienne , Ridlehoover Will , Kupfer Meital , Shisler Shannon , Sonnenfeld Ada , Langer Laurenz , Eyers John , Grant Sean , Barooah Bidisha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis review builds on 3ie's (international initiative for impact evaluation) evidence gap map (EGM) of the impact evaluation and systematic review (SR) evidence base of interventions aiming to promote peaceful and inclusive societies in fragile contexts. The EGM identified a cluster of studies evaluating gender equality‐focused behaviour change communication programmes and raised interest in investigating the evidence base for understanding the role of women more broadly as agents of change in developing peaceful and inclusive societies. Building on the cluster of evidence identified in the EGM, our review will increase generalisability of findings from single studies and focus on interventions across a broad range of geographical locations, settings and populations, types of implementations and outcomes. We will also address (when possible) the identified gaps in literature regarding metaanalysis in conflict‐affected contexts. As such, we propose the following objectives: (1) The primary objective of this review is to identify, assess and synthesise evidence on the effect of gender specific and gender transformative interventions within the context of the four pillars of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on women's empowerment and gender equality in Fragile and Conflict Affected States/Situations (FCAS). The SR will facilitate the use of evidence in informing policy and practice decisions within the field of transition aid, particularly as it relates to gender focused programming. (2) Our second objective is to assess how these interventions contribute to inclusive and sustainable peace in conflict affected situations. We will compare the effectiveness of these different types of interventions through the lenses of their ecological level, types of impact on women's empowerment, local context of gender inequality and conflict. To achieve these objectives we aim to answer the following questions: (1) What are the impacts of gender transformative and specific interventions on women's empowerment and gender equality in FCAS? (2) What are the effects of these interventions on sustainable peace? (3) To what extent do effects vary by population group, ecological level and types of interventions? (4) What are contextual barriers to and facilitators of intervention effectiveness?
Pulmonary surveillance in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A multinational multidisciplinary survey
Authors: Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Gower William A. , Abts Matthew , Liptzin Deborah R. , Fiorino Elizabeth K. , Stone Anne , Srinivasan Saumini , Vece Timothy J. , Akil Nour , Cole Theresa , Cooke Kenneth R. , Goldfarb Samuel B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) is an established treatment for malignant and non‐malignant conditions and pulmonary disease is a leading cause of late term morbidity and mortality. Accurate and early detection of pulmonary complications is a critical step in improving long term outcomes. Existing guidelines for surveillance of pulmonary complications post‐HSCT contain conflicting recommendations.AimTo determine the breadth of current practice in monitoring for pulmonary complications of pediatric HSCT.MethodsAn institutional review board approved, online, anonymous multiple‐choice survey was distributed to HSCT and pulmonary physicians from the United States of America and Australasia using the REDcap platform. The survey was developed by members of the American Thoracic Society Working Group on Complications of Childhood Cancer, and was designed to assess patient management and service design.ResultsA total of 40 (34.8%) responses were received. The majority (62.5%) were pulmonologists, and 82.5% were from the United States of America. In all, 67.5% reported having a protocol for monitoring pulmonary complications and 50.0% reported adhering “well” or “very well” to protocols. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) most commonly involved spirometry and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. The frequency of PFTs varied depending on time post‐HSCT and presence of complications. In all, 55.0% reported a set threshold for a clinically significant change in PFT.ConclusionsThese results illustrate current variation in surveillance for pulmonary complications of pediatric HSCT. The results of this survey will inform development of future guidelines for monitoring of pulmonary complications after pediatric HSCT.
A new method for image classification and image retrieval using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Giveki Davar , Shakarami Ashkan , Tarrah Hadis , Soltanshahi Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a new method for image classification and image retrieval. The advantages of the proposed method are its high performance and requiring less memory compared to other methods. In order to extract image features, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), AlexNet, has been used. For image classification, we design a committee of four classifiers trained on graphics cards, narrowing the gap to human performance. For image retrieval, the similarity between extracted features from dataset images and features of the query image is calculated and the final results are visualized. Comprehensive experiments on Corel‐1k, Corel‐10k, Caltech‐101 object and Scene‐67 datasets have been investigated to find optimal parameters of the proposed method. The experiments demonstrate the high performance of the proposed method in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art in the field.
Effects of early‐life stress and sex on blood–brain barrier permeability and integrity in juvenile and adult rats
Authors: Solarz Anna , Majcher‐Maślanka Iwona , Chocyk Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly‐life stress (ELS) is considered a relevant etiological factor for neurodegenerative and mental disorders. In the present study, we hypothesized that ELS may persistently and sex dependently influence blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function during critical periods of brain development and consequently determine susceptibility to and sex‐related prevalence of chronic diseases in adult life. We used the maternal separation (MS) procedure in rats to model ELS and evaluated BBB permeability and gene expression of selected tight junction (TJ) proteins, glucose transporter type 1 (Slc2a1) and aquaporin 4 (Aqp4) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), dorsal striatum (dSTR) and hippocampus of juvenile and adult rats. Serum concentrations of a peripheral marker of BBB function (S100β) and proinflammatory cytokines were also assessed. We observed developmental sealing of the BBB and sex differences in the permeability of the BBB and the mRNA expression of TJ proteins and Slc2a1. Adult females showed lower BBB permeability and higher levels of Cldn3, Cldn5, Ocln, and Slc2a1 in the mPFC and dSTR than males. MS temporarily increased BBB permeability in the dSTR of juvenile males and affected mRNA expression of the majority of studied proteins related to BBB function in age‐, region‐ and sex‐dependent manners. Additionally, MS sex dependently decreased serum S100β levels and did not affect proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. In general, our study did not reveal a clear or strong negative effect of MS on BBB integrity. However, the results suggest that ELS may induce adaptive/maladaptive changes or compensatory mechanisms within the BBB of unknown yet consequences.
5α‐reductase inhibitors: Evaluation of their potential confounding effect on GC‐C‐IRMS doping analysis
Authors: Iannella Loredana , Colamonici Cristiana , Curcio Davide , Botrè Francesco , de la Torre Xavier 
Published: July 2021

Abstract5α‐reductase inhibitors (5‐ARIs) are considered by the World Anti‐doping Agency as potential confounding factors in evaluating the athlete steroid profile, since they may interfere with the urinary excretion of several diagnostic compounds. We herein investigated 5α‐reductase inhibitors from a different perspective, by verifying their influence on the carbon isotopic composition of 5α‐ and 5β‐reduced testosterone and nandrolone metabolites. The GC‐C‐IRMS analysis was performed on a set of urine samples collected from three male Caucasian volunteers after the acute and chronic administration of finasteride in combination with the intake of 19‐norandrostenedione, a nandrolone precursor. The excretion and the isotopic profile of androsterone (A), etiocholanolone (Etio) 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (5αAdiol), and 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (5βAdiol) were determined as well as those of 19‐norandrosterone (19‐NA) and 19‐noretiocholanolone (19‐NE). Pregnanediol (PD) and pregnanetriol (PT) were also measured as endogenous reference compounds to define the individual endogenous isotopic profile. Our results confirmed the impact of finasteride, especially if chronically administered, on the enzymatic pathway of testosterone and nandrolone, and pointed out the influence of 5‐ARIs on δ13C values of the selected target compounds determined in the IRMS confirmation analysis.
The effect of forest‐to‐bog restoration on the hydrological functioning of raised and blanket bogs
Authors: Howson Tim , Chapman Pippa J. , Shah Nadeem , Anderson Russell , Holden Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe carbon sequestration potential of peatlands has led to increasing interest in the restoration of bogs previously subjected to plantation forestry. However, little information exists about the effects on hydrological processes of what has become known as forest‐to‐bog restoration. The hydrological functioning of three afforested, two intact and four forest‐to‐bog restoration sites was compared at a raised bog and blanket bog location. For the raised bog location, the annual runoff/rainfall coefficient was 59.7% for the intact site, 41.0% for the afforested site and 53.1% for the oldest restoration site (9 years post‐felling). At the blanket bog location, the coefficient was 80.6% for the intact site, 63.0% for the afforested site and 71.6% for the oldest restoration site (17 years post‐felling). Compared with intact bog, median peak storm discharge was significantly greater in the restoration sites for the raised bog location but not for the blanket bog location. Water‐table peak lag times were greatest, and water‐table depths deepest in the afforested sites and the most recent raised bog restoration site and least in the oldest blanket bog restoration site. The estimated contribution of overland flow in the afforested sites was 2.9% for the raised bog and 11.9% for the blanket bog, increasing to 8.7% and 32.2% at the oldest restoration sites for the raised bog and blanket bog, respectively. Overall, hydrological functioning of the raised bog and blanket bog restoration sites was different from the intact sites but was most similar to intact bog in the oldest restoration sites.
Bridging Aromatic/Antiaromatic Units: Recent Advances in Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Main‐Group and Transition‐Metal Clusters from Bonding and Magnetic Analyses
Authors: Tkachenko Nikolay V. , Popov Ivan A. , Kulichenko Maksim , Fedik Nikita , Sun Zhong‐Ming , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Boldyrev Alexander I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynthetic exploration and theoretical characterization of metal clusters are actively developing branches of modern inorganic chemistry. Advances in these areas constantly expand the rich structural diversity of viable species, allowing a detailed study of the fundamental characteristics of bench‐stable compounds. In this minireview, we summarize recent achievements in synthesis and computational analyses of main‐group and heterometallic clusters containing multiple aromatic/antiaromatic units. These systems range from bare clusters to ligand‐decorated aggregates, providing a fundamental understanding of the aromaticity and antiaromaticity concepts in species exhibiting unprecedented shapes and composition. The review gives a comprehensive summary of bonding and magnetic response properties of such systems deciphered from the Adaptive Natural Density Partitioning (AdNDP) approach and induced magnetic field analyses.