bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating genetic reference datasets: Indirect sampling of target species using terrestrial leeches as sample “collectors”
Authors: Wilting Andreas , Nguyen Thanh V. , Axtner Jan , Nguyen An , Schmidt Anke , Le Minh , Nguyen Anh H. Q. , Rawson Benjamin M. , Tilker Andrew , Fickel Joerns 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSampling genetic material from rare and often secretive mammals can be difficult in challenging environments such as tropical rainforests. Large‐scale sampling is important however for resolving species' taxonomic uncertainties, as well as to help provide genetic material for reference databases that can be used with DNA forensics to combat the illegal wildlife trade. Environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) offer a promising way to overcome this sampling bottleneck, though to date e/iDNA studies have been primarily used to obtain information about species presence using barcoding or metabarcoding approaches. In this study, we collected 4,710 terrestrial leeches across six protected areas in the Annamite Mountains of Viet Nam and Laos and sequenced fragments (223–694 bp) of mt‐Cytb and/or mt‐Dcr of the mitogenomes from six species that are frequently found in the illegal wildlife trade. Although amplification success was generally low (<50%) because DNA was highly degraded, we showed that e/iDNA samples can be an important source of genetic material for difficult to sample species and show promise as a way to fill existing sampling gaps. Because e/iDNA sampling has the potential to generate much‐needed genetic data to improve taxonomic assessments, this approach can be used to support conservation management by contributing to genetic databases that are necessary to determine the origin of wildlife products or to inform the reintroduction of confiscated animals.
Effect of negative ions on decomposition of acetic acid in water using DC corona discharge
Authors: Kawabata Yuito , Shindo Masako , Miichi Tomoaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics of acetic acid decomposition on a negative DC corona discharge over water. The corona discharge is 4 mm away from the water surface. Furthermore, this study explores the mechanisms involved in the chemical reactions of active species during water treatment, using discharged plasma. During processing, oxygen or ozone is supplied to the reactor. The results of experiment and simulation show the same trend on time variation of acetic acid concentration. Therefore, the simulation model that considers the supply of ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and can confirm the change in acetic acid concentration. Our results indicate that negative ions such as can be used for water treatment by DC corona discharge.
Persistence of neutralizing antibodies a year after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in humans
Authors: Haveri Anu , Ekström Nina , Solastie Anna , Virta Camilla , Österlund Pamela , Isosaari Elina , Nohynek Hanna , Palmu Arto A , Melin Merit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost subjects develop antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 following infection. In order to estimate the duration of immunity induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 it is important to understand for how long antibodies persist after infection in humans. Here, we assessed the persistence of serum antibodies following WT SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at 8 and 13 months after diagnosis in 367 individuals. The SARS‐CoV‐2 spike IgG (S‐IgG) and nucleoprotein IgG (N‐IgG) concentrations and the proportion of subjects with neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were assessed. Moreover, the NAb titers among a smaller subset of participants (n = 78) against a WT virus (B) and variants of concern (VOCs): Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2) were determined. We found that NAb against the WT virus persisted in 89% and S‐IgG in 97% of subjects for at least 13 months after infection. Only 36% had N‐IgG by 13 months. The mean S‐IgG concentrations declined from 8 to 13 months by less than one third; N‐IgG concentrations declined by two‐thirds. Subjects with severe infection had markedly higher IgG and NAb levels and are expected to remain seropositive for longer. Significantly lower NAb titers against the variants compared to the WT virus, especially after a mild disease, suggests reduced protection against VOCs.
Laser‐induced Graphene in Facts, Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review
Authors: Muzyka Kateryna , Xu Guobao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this review, laser‐induced graphene (LIG) ‐based electrodes are discussed by covering such essential areas, as a characterization of LIG material properties necessary for electroanalysis, including data on LIG sheet resistance, wettability, spatial resolution, electrochemical characteristics, as well as correlations of “process” ‐ “properties” ‐ “electroanalytical characteristics”of LIG‐electrodes. Moreover, typical and innovative LIG‐based electrodes designs for electroanalytical applications, including combined multi‐analyte multimodal wearable sensors, interdigitated electrodes, are shown. The essential data related to LIG in electroanalysis are summarized in tables. The authors also discussed recent LIG‐based electroanalytical applications. Close attention has been paid to LIG glucose sensors and biosensors.
Perfluoroalkyl Substance Contamination Levels of Pike (Esox lucius L.) and Roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) from Selected Masurian Lakes in Eastern Europe
Authors: Surma Magdalena , Hliwa Piotr , Sznajder‐Katarzyńska Katarzyna , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Topolska Joanna , Zieliński Henryk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of increased concern because of their bioaccumulation in humans and the biota, the health risk they pose to humans and other animals, and their persistence in the environment. In the present study, the occurrence of PFAS in selected tissues from pike (Esox lucius L.) and roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) collected from two lakes in the Masurian Lake District (Poland) in eastern Europe was addressed. Ten PFAS were analyzed in the tissue of the brain, liver, kidneys, gonads, and muscles by micro‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Only perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorodecanoic acid were detected above the limit of quantification. Concentrations in pike and roach from Ełckie Lake and Hańcza Lake were estimated to be 14/27 and 4.4/3.2 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The contributions of PFOS and PFOA to the sum of PFAS calculated for particular tissues for each fish species were higher than those of the other analyzed compounds: PFOS was found to be predominant in fish from Ełckie Lake, whereas PFOA predominated in fish from Hańcza Lake. It was noted that PFAS concentrations in tissues declined in the following order: kidney > gonads ≈ brain > liver > muscle. The sum of the greatest estimated PFAS concentration was 9.7 ng/g wet weight in kidneys of pike collected from Hańcza Lake. No correlation was noted between PFAS concentration and fish size. The information provided in our study gives a better understanding of the potential dependencies in PFAS distribution and accumulation in biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3317–3327. © 2021 SETAC
Ignore the faces: Neural characterisation of emotional inhibition from childhood to adulthood usingMEG
Authors: Vandewouw Marlee M. , Safar Kristina , Sato Julie , Hunt Benjamin A. E. , Urbain Charline M. , Pang Elizabeth W. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Taylor Margot J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe ability to effectively and automatically regulate one's response to emotional information is a basic, fundamental skill for social functioning. The neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation processing have been assessed, however few investigations have leveraged neurophysiological techniques, particularly magnetoencephalography (MEG) to determine the development of this critical ability. The current MEG study is the first to examine developmental changes in the neural mechanisms supporting automatic emotion regulation. We used an emotional go/no‐go task with happy and angry faces in a single‐site cohort of 97 healthy participants, 4–40 years of age. We found age‐related changes as a function of emotion and condition in brain regions key to emotion regulation, including the right inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortices and primarily right‐lateralized temporal areas. Interaction effects, including an age by emotion and condition, were also found in the left angular gyrus, an area critical in emotion regulation and attention. Findings demonstrate protracted and nonlinear development, due to the adolescent group, of emotion regulation processing from child to adulthood, and highlight that age‐related differences in emotion regulation are modulated by emotional face type.
Healthcare systems strengthening in Africa: The call for action to achieve SDG 3
Authors: Olaniyi Peter Oluwafemi , Oluwatobi Fajobi Timothy , Olaniyan Muhibah Eniola , Olajide Olanipekun Abdulazeez , Sunday Blessing Abai , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Inya Christian Oko , Chinonso Uwandu‐uzoma Anthony 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe responsibility to achieve human right to health is a specific mandate to the organization, people, and action within the health system, with adequate support from government and private sectors. Therefore, positive growth from the past health development, seems to decline due to certain factors such as governance and economy, as observed through researches in different regions in Africa. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the health systems, with a call for action to support the sustainable development goal 3 in achieving quality health by 2030.
Thermal effects of nonuniform heating in a nanofluid‐filled annulus: Buoyant transport versus entropy generation
Authors: Sankar M. , Swamy H. A. Kumara , Do Younghae , Altmeyer Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe primary challenge in the majority of heat transfer applications, in view of design perspective, is to maximize the thermal transport with the minimum generation of entropy. This paper addresses the numerical investigation of buoyant convection and entropy generation processes of Al2O3–water nanofluid inside a vertical annular configuration having two coaxial cylinders. The vertical cylindrical surfaces are imposed with sinusoidal thermal distribution having different phase deviation and amplitude, while the horizontal surfaces are retained adiabatic. In this analysis, the numerical computations of conservation equations governing the physical process are performed using the time‐splitting technique and line overrelaxation methods. Detailed numerical simulations are performed for broad ranges of critical parameters, such as Rayleigh number, phase deviation, amplitude ratio, and nanoparticle volume fraction. From the vast numerical experiments, we systematically identified the suitable parameter regimes at which enhanced thermal transport has been produced with minimum entropy generation. Furthermore, the critical quantities, such as thermal dissipation and entropy generation, could be effectively monitored by a particular selection of phase deviation () and amplitude ratio (). It has been identified that these parameters have more influence on thermal transport as well as entropy production as compared to other parameters of the analysis.
Trace element accumulation from swine feeds to feces in Chinese swine farms: Implication for element limits
Authors: Li Helian , Cheng Yuhang , Liu Yinghao , Li Shiwei , Han Xuemei , Ma Yibing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Trace elements like copper and zinc are supplemented in swine feeds to suppress bacteria and/or promote growth. Due to low absorption rates, trace elements are highly concentrated in swine feces, posing a risk to soil and human health if applied to agricultural fields. In the present study, the concentrations of six trace elements (Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Cr) in pig feed and feces were evaluated by sample analysis and data from the literature. The feed-to-feces and feces-to-compost enrichment factors of the trace elements were determined to back-calculate safe concentrations in feed needed to meet permissible trace element concentrations in organic fertilizers. The Cu and Zn concentrations in feeds were the highest, being statistically significantly higher in starter pig feeds than in grower–finisher feeds. Copper exceeded feed limits mainly in the feeds of finisher pigs and sows, while exceedance for Zn occurred in almost all feed samples. Concentrations above the limits were also observed for Pb and Cr impurities in mineral feed supplements. The highest Cu and Zn concentrations in feces were observed for starter pigs. Moreover, significant enrichment of trace elements from feeds to feces was found, with enrichment factors calculated as: 4.68–6.11 for Cu, 3.43–4.60 for Zn, 2.30–3.12 for As, 2.89–4.63 for Cd, 2.45–5.00 for Pb, and 3.32–5.00 for Cr. On this basis, the recommended calculated limits for Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in feeds for different ages of pigs were 41–53, 130–175, 2–3, 0.3–0.5, 5–10, and 15–23 mg/kg, respectively. Priority index calculations and the calculated recommended limits indicated that Cu in starter pig feeds and Cd in starter and breeding pig feeds should be prioritized for reduction to enable feces compost to be utilized safely in agricultural land amendment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:978–987. © 2021 SETAC
KEY POINTS
The highest concentrations of Cu and Zn were detected in starter pig feeds and feces. Trace elements in pig feces were 2-6 times those in the feeds. Limits for feed trace elements were derived by enrichment chain of feed-feces-compost. Copper was a priority pollutant in pig feed, followed by Cd.
Genetic variation in CYP1A1 and AHRR genes increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus and exacerbate disease severity in smoker patients
Authors: Saghaeian Jazi Marie , Mohammadi Saeed , Zare Ebrahimabad Mojtaba , Sedighi Sima , Abdolahi Nafiseh , Tabarraei Alijan , Yazdani Yaghoub 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variations of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway genes could influence the imbalanced immune response to xenobiotics. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the polymorphism of AHR pathway genes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in association with smoking.MethodsGenomic DNA from patients (N = 107) and controls (N = 105) of a population from northeast of Iran was used for genotyping of CYP1A1 T>C (rs4646903) and AHRR C>G (rs2292596) variants. The SLEDAI score and smoking status of the patients were registered. The AHR activity was estimated by CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).ResultsThe C allele in rs4646903 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67) and G allele in rs2292596 (OR = 1.79) SNPs were significantly associated with the increased risk of SLE. The AHR pathway was more active in high‐risk CYP1A1/AHRR: C/G haplotype. The most severe disease was observed in smoker patients with high‐risk haplotype and both smoking (Exp (β) = 9.5) and high‐risk CYP1A1/AHRR (C/G) haplotype (Exp (β) = 3.7) can significantly increase the likelihood of having severe (SLEDAI ≥ 20) SLE disease activity.ConclusionOur findings indicated the association of xenobiotic‐metabolizing genes (CYP1A1, AHRR) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to SLE and disease severity regarding the smoking background, suggesting the interaction of gene and environmental risk factors in SLE pathogenesis.
In silico insights into potential gut microbial modulation of NAD+ metabolism and longevity
Authors: Salekeen Rahagir , Siam Md. Hasanul Banna , Sharif Dilara Islam , Lustgarten Michael S. , Billah Md Morsaline , Islam Kazi Mohammed Didarul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent evidence has prompted the notion of gut‐microbial signatures as an indirect marker of aging and aging‐associated decline in humans. However, the underlying host‐symbiont molecular interactions contributing to these signatures remain poorly understood. In this study, we address this gap using cheminformatic analyses to elucidate potential gut microbial metabolites that may perturb the longevity‐associated NAD+ metabolic network. In silico ADMET, KEGG interaction analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular mechanics calculation predict a large number of safe and bioavailable microbial metabolites to be direct and/or indirect activators of NAD+‐dependent sirtuin proteins. Our simulation results suggest dihydropteroate, phenylpyruvic acid, indole‐3‐propionic acid, phenyllactic acid, all‐trans‐retinoic acid, and multiple deoxy‐, methyl‐, and cyclic nucleotides from intestinal microbiota as the best‐performing regulators of NAD+ metabolism. Retracing these molecules to their source microorganisms also suggest commensalEscherichia, Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, andLactobacillito be associated with the highest number of pro‐longevity metabolites. These findings from our early‐stage study, therefore, provide an informatics‐based context for previous evidence in the area and grant novel insights for future clinical investigation intersecting anti‐aging drug discovery, probiotics, and gut microbial signatures.
Adapting skills from genetic counseling to wearables technology research during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Poised for the pivot
Authors: Higgs Emily , Dagan‐Rosenfeld Orit , Snyder Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGenetic counselors have shown themselves to be adaptable in an evolving profession, with expansion into new sub‐specialties, various non‐clinical settings, and research roles. The COVID‐19 pandemic caused a sudden and drastic shift in healthcare priorities. In an effort to contribute meaningfully to the COVID‐19 crisis, and to adapt to a remote‐ and essential‐only research environment, our workplace and thus our roles pivoted from genomics research to remote COVID‐19 research using wearables technologies. With a deep understanding of genomic data, we were quickly able to apply similar concepts to wearables data including considering privacy implications, managing uncertain findings, and acknowledging the lack of ethnic diversity in many datasets. By sharing our own experience as an example, we hope individuals trained in genetic counseling may see opportunities for adaptation of their skills into expanding roles.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of kaempferol 3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside), the key bitter compound of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) protein isolate
Authors: Siebert Mareike , Krings Ulrich , Günther Thorben , Fragalas Apostolos , Berger Ralf G 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of rapeseed protein for human nutrition is primarily limited by its strong bitterness, which is why the key bitter compound, kaempferol 3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside), is enzymatically degraded.RESULTSMass spectrometry analyses of an extract from an untreated rapeseed protein isolate gave three signals for m/z 815 [M‐H]. The predominant compound among the three compounds was confirmed as kaempferol‐3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside). Enzymatic hydrolysis of this key bitter compound was achieved using a sinapyl ester cleaving side activity of a ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune (ScoFAE). Recombinant ferulic acid esterases from Streptomyces werraensis (SwFAE) and from Pleurotus eryngii (PeFAE) possessed better cleavage activity towards methyl sinapate but did not hydrolyze the sinapyl ester linkage of the bitter kaempferol sophoroside.CONCLUSIONKaempferol‐3‐O‐(2‴‐O‐sinapoyl‐β‐sophoroside) was successfully degraded by enzymatic treatment with ScoFAE, which may provide a means to move the status of rapeseed protein from feed additive to food ingredient. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy of sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial cancer with low‐ or high‐intermediate risk
Authors: Xue Yu , Shan Wei‐wei , Wang Qian , Wang Chao , Luo Xue‐zhen , Chen Xiao‐jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping using indocyanine green (ICG) in Chinese women with endometrial cancer (EC).MethodsConsecutive EC patients undergoing SLN mapping at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were retrospectively reviewed. Overall and bilateral SLN detection rates and SLN locations were presented. Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and agreement rate were calculated and were compared between patients with low‐intermediate (LIR) or high‐intermediate risk (HIR).ResultsThere were 454 patients screened, with SLN mapping with ICG performed in 428 patients and systematic lymphadenectomy performed in 159 patients. Overall and bilateral SLN detection rates were 96.50% and 82.71%, respectively. The sensitivity of SLN mapping was 80.00%, and the NPV was 97.76%. SLNs were most commonly located in obturator and external iliac regions. Efficacy of SLN mapping was higher in LIR patients than in HIR patients, with sensitivities of 100.00% and 75.00% (p > 0.05), NPVs of 100.00% and 90.00% (p = 0.002), and agreement rates of 100.00% and 92.31% (p = 0.007), respectively.ConclusionSLN mapping with ICG had acceptable diagnostic efficacy in Chinese women with EC, but may cause more missed diagnoses in patients with HIR due to relatively low NPV and agreement rate.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Office Laryngoscopy: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yao Peter , Usman Moon , Chen Yu H. , German Alexander , Andreadis Katerina , Mages Keith , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: September 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis scoping review aims to provide a broad overview of the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to office laryngoscopy to identify gaps in knowledge and guide future research.Study DesignScoping Review.MethodsSearches for studies on AI and office laryngoscopy were conducted in five databases. Title and abstract and then full‐text screening were performed. Primary research studies published in English of any date were included. Studies were summarized by: AI applications, targeted conditions, imaging modalities, author affiliations, and dataset characteristics.ResultsStudies focused on vocal fold vibration analysis (43%), lesion recognition (24%), and vocal fold movement determination (19%). The most frequently automated tasks were recognition of vocal fold nodules (19%), polyp (14%), paralysis (11%), paresis (8%), and cyst (7%). Imaging modalities included high‐speed laryngeal videos (45%), stroboscopy (29%), and narrow band imaging endoscopy (7%). The body of literature was primarily authored by science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) specialists (76%) with only 30 studies (31%) involving co‐authorship by STEM specialists and otolaryngologists. Datasets were mostly from single institution (84%) and most commonly originated from Germany (23%), USA (16%), Spain (9%), Italy (8%), and China (8%). Demographic information was only reported in 39 studies (40%), with age and sex being the most commonly reported, whereas race/ethnicity and gender were not reported in any studies.ConclusionMore interdisciplinary collaboration between STEM and otolaryngology research teams improved demographic reporting especially of race and ethnicity to ensure broad representation, and larger and more geographically diverse datasets will be crucial to future research on AI in office laryngoscopy.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1993–2016, 2022