bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel nanohybrids for effervescence enhanced magnetic solid‐phase microextraction of wide‐polarity organic pollutants in roasted meat samples
Authors: Liu Tingting , AgyeKum Evans , Ma Sai , Ye Hanzhang , Li Jiani , Gao Ming , Ni Min , Zhang Xiaofan , Wang Xuedong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo simultaneously and efficiently extract pollutants with differential polarities, we herein fabricated and characterized a multifunctional nanocomposite. The novel nanohybrids used NiFe2O4 as magnetic cores, and NH2‐MIL‐101(Al), β‐cyclodextrin and graphene oxide as functional components combined with magnetic cores. With the aid of graphene oxide's large π‐conjugated system, NH2‐MIL‐101(Al)’s strong adsorption to moderately/strongly polar chemicals, and β‐cyclodextrin's specific recognition effect, the nanohybrids realized synergistically efficient extraction of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and bisphenols with a logKow range of 3–6. Combined with acidic and alkaline sources, the nanohybrids‐based effervescent tablets were prepared. Based on effervescent reaction‐enhanced nanohybrids‐based efficient adsorption/extraction and high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, we successfully developed an excellent microextraction method for the simultaneous determination of both polyaromatic hydrocarbons and bisphenols in roasted meat samples. Several important variables were optimized as follows: Na2CO3 and tartaric acid as acidic and alkaline sources, 900 μLof the mixed solvent (acetone and hexane at 2:1 by v/v) as the eluent, 5 min of elution time. Under optimized conditions, the novel method gave low limits of detection (0.07–0.30 μg kg−1), satisfactory recoveries (86.9–103.9%), and high precision (relative standard deviations of 1.9–6.7%) in roasted lamb, beef, pork, chicken, and sausage samples.
Isolation and purification of flavonoids from Euonymus alatus by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and neuroprotective effect of rhamnazin‐3‐O‐rutinoside in vitro
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Liu Yuanyuan , Che Fenfang , Li Hao , Liu Jiangang , Wu Nan , Gu Yanxiang , Wei Yun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe flavonoids from Euonymus alatus exhibit many biological activities including significant antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer. In this work, a high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from crude extracts of Euonymus alatus was established. The effects of several solvent systems on the separation efficiency of target compounds in the extract of Euonymus alatus were studied. The solvent system composed of n‐hexane‐ethyl acetate‐methanol‐water at a volume ratio of (3:5:3:5, v/v) was chosen, in which the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at the rotation speed of 800 rpm and flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The three flavonoids were obtained and identified as patuletin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, rhamnazin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, and dehydrodicatechin A by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, and the quantities of patuletin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, rhamnazin‐3‐O‐rutinoside, and dehydrodicatechin A were 2.2, 9.7, and 1.8 mg, respectively. The results indicated that high‐speed countercurrent chromatography was a simple and efficient method for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from the crude extracts of Euonymus alatus. The cellular antioxidant activity experimental result indicated that rhamnazin‐3‐O‐rutinoside could alleviate H2O2‐induced oxidative stress.
Emergency management of jujube pit esophageal impactions using rigid esophagoscopy in the aged
Authors: Wei Xingmei , Wang Jie , Xu Wen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the emergency management of esophageal jujube pit ingestion.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective study of 114 consecutive cases of jujube pits esophageal impaction during 3 months was performed.ResultsOne hundred and fourteen cases were confirmed as jujube pit esophageal impaction using contrast‐enhanced radiography. All jujube pits were retrieved using rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia as outpatients, except one case where a direct laryngoscope was used. In four cases, esophageal perforation was found, the patients were treated with conservative measures, and none died.ConclusionJujube pit esophageal impaction is characterized by a high incidence of perforation. The conservative management of cervical perforation is effective in this study. Rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia is safe for jujube pit esophageal impaction.Level of Evidence4.
Dual Drug Release from Gelatin/PLGA Core–Shell Fibers for Diabetic Neuropathic Wound Healing
Authors: Mostofizadeh Mahsa , Ghasemi‐Mobarakeh Laleh , Zamani Maedeh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting many people around the world. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), which affects about 10–26% of diabetic patients. In this research, the gelatin/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) core–shell fibers containing gabapentin (GBP) and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) are fabricated via coaxial electrospinning for healing of diabetic neuropathic wounds. The core–shell structure of fibers is confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is utilized to explore the morphology of core–shell fibers, revealing the smaller diameter for core–shell fibers containing CipHCl and GBP compared to the core–shell fibers without the drugs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) represents the amorphous distribution of drugs inside the core–shell fibers, which is also confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Core–shell fibers containing CipHCl and GBP show strong antimicrobial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrate the sustained release of CipHCl and GBP within 64 days from the core–shell fibers. In conclusion, the fabricated core–shell fibers show a great promise to be utilized as an efficient dressing for diabetic neuropathic wounds.
An FR4‐based dc to 60 GHz substrate integrated suspended line to suspended coplanar waveguide transition
Authors: Wu Xu , Ma Kaixue , Wang Yongqiang , Yan Ningning , Wang Keping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn FR4‐based dc to 60 GHz transition from substrate integrated suspended line (SISL) to suspended coplanar waveguide (SCPW) is proposed in this letter. The design is fabricated using standard multilayer printed circuit boards (PCB) technology, and the substrates used are all low‐cost FR4. Since the whole structure is in the suspended form, the bandwidth of the transition has been expanded three times when compared with the state of art. By using SISL with double‐metal layer and patterned substrate, the loss of the transition is further reduced, and the conductor loss and dielectric loss have been individually analyzed. The results show that the proposed back‐to‐back transition has an insertion loss of less than 2.7 dB and a return loss of better than 11.4 dB from dc to 60 GHz.
Assessment of predictive indicators of acute gastrointestinal toxicity using in vivo transmission images
Authors: Bojechko Casey , Nelson Tyler , Simpson Daniel , Moiseenko Vitali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeFor pelvic and abdominal treatments, excess dose to the bowel can result in acute toxicities. Current estimates of bowel toxicity are based on pre‐treatment dose‐volume histogram data. However, the actual dose the bowel receives depends on interfraction variations, such as patient anatomy changes. We propose a method to model bowel toxicities, incorporating in vivo patient information using transit electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images.Methods and materialsFor 63 patients treated to the lower thorax, abdomen, or pelvis on the Varian Halcyon, weekly chart review was performed to obtain incidences of grade 2 or higher toxicity, RTOG scale. Twenty patients presented with acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. All patients were treated with conventional fractionation. For each treatment plan, the absolute volume dose‐volume histogram of the bowel was exported and analyzed. Additionally, for each fraction of treatment, in vivo EPID images were collected and used to estimate the change in radiation transmission during the course of treatment. A logistic model was used to test correlations between acute GI toxicity and bowel dosimetric parameters as well as metrics obtained from in vivo image measurements. After performing the fit to the in vivo EPID data, the bootstrap resampling method was used to create confidence intervals. In vivo EPID image metrics from an additional 42 patients treated to the lower thorax, abdomen, or pelvis were used to validate the logistic model fit.ResultsThe incidence of toxicity versus the volume of 40 Gy to the bowel space was fitted with a logistic function, which was superior to an average model (p < 0.0001) and agrees with previously published models. For the initial in vivo EPID data, the incidence of toxicity versus the sum of in vivo transmission measurements showed marginal significance after 15 fractions (p = 0.10) of treatment and a significance of p = 0.038 is seen at the 20th fraction, when compared to an average model. For the validation data set, the logistic model of the in vivo transmission measurement after 20 fractions was superior to the average model (p = 0.043), with the model falling within the 68% confidence interval of the fit of the initial data set.ConclusionsDose‐volume constraints to reduce the incidence of acute GI toxicity have been validated. The presented novel EPID transmission‐based metric can be used to identify GI toxicity as patients progress through treatment.
Deep learning predicts epidermal growth factor receptor mutation subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Jiangdian , Ding Changwei , Huang Qinlai , Luo Ting , Xu Xiaoman , Chen Zongjian , Li Shu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore the predictive ability of deep learning (DL) for the common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation subtypes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 665 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (528/137) were recruited from two different institutions. In the training set, an 18‐layer convolutional neural network (CNN) and fivefold cross‐validation strategy were used to establish a CNN model. Subsequently, an independent external validation cohort from the other institution was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the CNN model. Grad‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) technology was used for the visual interpretation of the CNN model. In addition, this study also compared the prediction abilities of the radiomics and CNN models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, accuracy and precision values, and recall and F1‐score were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the CNN model and compare its performance with that of the radiomics model.ResultsIn the validation set, the micro‐ and macroaverage values of the area under the ROC curve of the CNN model to identify the three EGFR subtypes were 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. All evaluation indicators of the CNN model were better than those of the radiomics model.ConclusionsOur study confirmed the potential of DL for predicting the EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma. The imaging phenotypes of the three mutation subtypes were found to be different, which can provide a basis for choosing more accurate and personalized treatment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
On adapting Nesterov's scheme to accelerate iterative methods for linear problems
Authors: Hong Tao , Yavneh Irad 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNesterov's well‐known scheme for accelerating gradient descent in convex optimization problems is adapted to accelerating stationary iterative solvers for linear systems. Compared with classical Krylov subspace acceleration methods, the proposed scheme requires more iterations, but it is trivial to implement and retains essentially the same computational cost as the unaccelerated method. An explicit formula for a fixed optimal parameter is derived in the case where the stationary iteration matrix has only real eigenvalues, based only on the smallest and largest eigenvalues. The fixed parameter and corresponding convergence factor are shown to maintain their optimality when the iteration matrix also has complex eigenvalues that are contained within an explicitly defined disk in the complex plane. A comparison to Chebyshev acceleration based on the same information of the smallest and largest real eigenvalues (dubbed restricted information Chebyshev acceleration) demonstrates that Nesterov's scheme is more robust in the sense that it remains optimal over a larger domain when the iteration matrix does have some complex eigenvalues. Numerical tests validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. This work generalizes and extends the results of [14, lemmas 3.1 and 3.2 and theorem 3.3].
Corticosteroid use in ARDS and its application to evolving therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review
Authors: Landolf Kaitlin M. , Lemieux Steven M. , Rose Christina , Johnston Jackie P. , Adams Christopher D. , Altshuler Jerry , Berger Karen , Dixit Deepali , Effendi Muhammad K. , Heavner Mojdeh S. , Lemieux Diana , Littlefield Audrey J. , Nei Andrea M. , Owusu Kent A. , Rinehart Marisa , Robbins Blake , Rouse Ginger E. , Thompson Bastin Melissa L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractData regarding the use of corticosteroids for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are conflicting. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic progresses, more literature supporting the use of corticosteroids for COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 ARDS have emerged. Glucocorticoids are proposed to attenuate the inflammatory response and prevent progression to the fibroproliferative phase of ARDS through their multiple mechanisms and anti‐inflammatory properties. The purpose of this systematic review was to comprehensively evaluate the literature surrounding corticosteroid use in ARDS (non‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19) in addition to a narrative review of clinical considerations of corticosteroid use in these patient populations. OVID Medline and EMBASE were searched. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of corticosteroids for COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 ARDS in adult patients on mortality outcomes were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. There were 388 studies identified, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria that included a total of 8877 patients. The studies included in our review reported a mortality benefit in 6/15 (40%) studies with benefit being seen at varying time points of mortality follow‐up (ICU survival, hospital, and 28 and 60 days) in the COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 ARDS studies. The two non‐COVID19 trials assessing lung injury score improvements found that corticosteroids led to significant improvements with corticosteroid use. The number of mechanical ventilation‐free days significantly were found to be increased with the use of corticosteroids in all four studies that assessed this outcome. Corticosteroids are associated with improvements in mortality and ventilator‐free days in critically ill patients with both COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 ARDS, and evidence suggests their use should be encouraged in these settings. However, due to substantial differences in the corticosteroid regimens utilized in these trials, questions still remain regarding the optimal corticosteroid agent, dose, and duration in patients with ARDS.
Advances in the treatment of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Current and emerging therapies
Authors: Warner Alberta L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTransthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR‐CA) has been recognized as an underdiagnosed and undertreated cause of heart failure with often unrecognized multiorgan involvement. Guideline development and the establishment of nonbiopsy criteria for diagnosis of ATTR‐CA have led to an increased rate of diagnosis and hence patients referred for therapies. ATTR is a protein misfolding disorder where the TTR tetramer disassociates into monomers which form insoluble amyloid depositions in organs, including the heart. ATTR‐CA can be due to autosomal dominant transmitted gene mutation or due to misfolding of wild‐type TTR. Prior to 2019, there were no FDA‐approved pharmacological treatments for ATTR‐CA. Understanding of ATTR‐CA pathogenesis has enabled development of targeted strategies with novel disease‐modifying therapies. Current and emerging therapies for ATTR‐CA include (1) TTR gene silencing (siRNA, ASO, CRISPR/Cas9), (2) TTR tetramer stabilization, and (3) TTR amyloid fibril degradation. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of ATTR‐CA, diagnostic criteria, and addresses current and emerging treatments for this diverse disorder.
Post‐polymerization modification of aromatic polyimides via Diels‐Alder cycloaddition
Authors: Schaumüller Stephan , Cristurean Doris , Haudum Stephan , Pappas George S. , Himmelsbach Markus , Bechmann Matthias , Brüggemann Oliver , Teasdale Ian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a facile post‐polymerization modification route to functionalized aromatic polyimides via Diels‐Alder cycloaddition. Aromatic polyimides are important, versatile high‐performance polymers; however, their structural diversity is restricted by the requirements of the step‐growth polymerization. We prepared polyimides with alkynes in their main‐chain as macromolecular dienophiles and quantitatively grafted tetraphenylcyclopentadienone based dienes. The resulting solution‐processable, wholly aromatic polyimides show a considerable increase in surface area due to the induced conformational changes and bulky, rigid, and contorted molecular structures. The orthogonality of the reaction is exploited to insert functional groups, namely bromine and sulfonates, along the polymer backbone. In a further extension, the phenylene segments undergo cyclodehydrogenation to form nanographene segments within the polymer chains. The Diels‐Alder cycloaddition onto polyimides is therefore demonstrated to be an effective, widely applicable route to tunable high‐performance polymers with value‐added functionality and thus considerable potential in a wide range of advanced materials.
Effects of diluted Concord grape juice laced with sodium chloride and selected boron‐containing compounds on attraction, consumption, crop muscle contractions, and mortality of adult Drosophila suzukiiMatsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Wen Xiaojian , Stoffolano John G , Greamo Brendan , Salemme Victoria , Piñero Jaime C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, there has been interest in low‐cost, reduced‐risk materials that could be used for attract‐and‐kill of the invasive pest, spotted‐wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. This pest causes heavy economic damage to soft‐skinned fruits in many countries. In this study, we evaluated physiological and behavioral effects of adding either borax, boric acid, or sodium chloride to diluted Concord grape juice (DGJ), a material that is attractive to adult D. suzukii.RESULTSResults showed that the addition of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid did not significantly affect the response of adult D. suzukii, relative to DGJ alone. Increases in concentrations (to 5% and 10%) of borax, sodium chloride and boric acid were correlated with decreased ingestion of materials. Mortality of males and females was almost 100% with lower concentrations (1% and 5%) of borax and boric acid within 72 h. The higher concentrations of sodium chloride (5% and 10%) resulted in 100% mortality of both sexes within 72 h. There was no significant effect of chemicals on the number of crop contractions of flies when fed for 4 h.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that some substances such as boric acid and borax may act as toxicants without influencing the behavioral response of D. suzukii. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chemometric approaches to resolving base oil mixtures
Authors: Ellick Samuel , Wicking Christianne , Hancock Thomas , Whitmarsh Samuel , Arthur Christopher J. , Gates Paul J. 
Published: October 2021

RationaleIn the lubrication industry, commercial base oils are commonly made up of blends of base oil stocks from different sources in different ratios to reduce production costs and modulate rheological properties. This practice introduces complexity in lubricant design because as the chemistry of the base oil becomes more complicated, it can become harder to formulate the base oil – particularly when the ratio of the original base oil stocks is unknown.MethodsIn this study, field ionisation mass spectrometry is used to collect chemical information on a range of base oil mixtures. The resultant data are processed within the Python workspace where molecular formulae are assigned to the components and statistical analyses are performed. A variety of regression techniques including regularised linear models and automated machine learning are evaluated on the data.ResultsThe use of an automated machine learning pipeline yields insight into effective modelling strategies that could be applied to the data obtained. The best results were obtained using polynomial feature generation combined with ridge cross‐validation regression. Overall, with this methodology it is possible to resolve the ratio of group 2 and group 3 base oil within a blended mixture to an accuracy of ±5%.ConclusionsThe strategies outlined in this study show how modern data science and chemometrics can be applied successfully to resolve the ratio of a complex mixture.
Adaptive batching for Gaussian process surrogates with application in noisy level set estimation
Authors: Lyu Xiong , Ludkovski Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe develop adaptive replicated designs for Gaussian process metamodels of stochastic experiments. Adaptive batching is a natural extension of sequential design heuristics with the benefit of replication growing as response features are learned, inputs concentrate, and the metamodeling overhead rises. Motivated by the problem of learning the level set of the mean simulator response, we develop five novel schemes: Multi‐Level Batching (MLB), Ratchet Batching (RB), Adaptive Batched Stepwise Uncertainty Reduction (ABSUR), Adaptive Design with Stepwise Allocation (ADSA), and Deterministic Design with Stepwise Allocation (DDSA). Our algorithms simultaneously (MLB, RB, and ABSUR) or sequentially (ADSA and DDSA) determine the sequential design inputs and the respective number of replicates. Illustrations using synthetic examples and an application in quantitative finance (Bermudan option pricing via Regression Monte Carlo) show that adaptive batching brings significant computational speed‐ups with minimal loss of modeling fidelity.