bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, Biological Activities and Metabolism of Flavonoid Glucuronides
Authors: Chen Min , Ren Xueyang , Sun Siqi , Wang Xiuhuan , Xu Xiao , Li Xiang , Wang Xiaoping , Li Xiao , Yan Xin , Li Ruiwen , Wang Yu , Liu Xiaoyun , Dong Ying , Fu Xueyan , She Gaimei 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Flavonoid glucuronides are a kind of natural products presenting a flavone
linked directly with one or several glucuronides through O-glycoside bond. They had become of interest
in natural product research in the past decades for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacteria
activities. In particular, the compound breviscapine has a notable effect on cardiocerebrovascular
diseases. Several other compounds even have antitumor activity.

Methods:
Through searching the database and reading a large number of documents, we summarized
the related findings of flavonoid glucuronides.

Results:
We summarized 211 naturally occurring flavonoid glucuronides in 119 references with their
chemical structures, biological activities, and metabolism. A total of 220 references from 1953 to
2020 were cited in this paper according to literature databases such as CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang data,
Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, NCBI, PubMed, EmBase, etc.

Conclusion :
Flavonoid glucuronides are a class of compounds with various chemical structures and a
diverse range of biological activities. They are thought to be potential candidates for drug discovery,
but the specific study on their mechanisms is still limited until now. We hope this article can provide
references for natural product researchers and draw more attention to flavonoid glucuronides’ biological
activities and mechanisms.
Determination of Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol-A Leakage from Different
Matrices of Dental Resin-based Composite Materials
Authors: Al-Tannak Naser F. , Alzoubi Fawaz , Kareem Fatma M. , Novotny Ladislav 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives monomers as resins are common components
in dental restorative materials and materials used for orthodontic treatment. However, they are a source
for BP-A leakage, which can affect adult and child health as an endocrine disruptor.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the level of BPA leakage from four selected weights (0.1,
0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg) of five different resin combinations used in dental restorative materials.

Method:
The resin combinations were cured with light for 20 seconds, kept in 1 mL of acetonitrile, and
sonicated for 30 minutes. Separation was achieved by using BEH C18 (1.7 μm, 2.1 x 100 mm) analytical
column (Waters® Acquity UPLC) and a mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile (68:32
v/v). Moreover, Waters® Xevo G2-SQToF coupled with Waters® Acquity UPLC system with binary
Solvent Manager (I-Class) via electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was used to confirm peaks identities.

Results:
BPA was detected in all resin combinations and in all selected sample weights. However, BPA
was below the limit of quantification (LOQ) in all selected weights of the Filtek Z350 XT Universal
Restorative System. The results show that BPA is still released from selected dental resin combinations
available in the market despite the general concern about its potential adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Nevertheless, the amounts of BPA were within the acceptable levels indicated by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National
Toxicology Program and represent a very small contribution to the total BPA exposure. The use of alternative
materials such as high-viscosity glass ionomers, inorganic biomaterials, and ceramic would be
ideal and healthier for adults and children.
Progress in the Electrochemical Analysis of Flavonoids: A Scientometric Analysis in CiteSpace
Authors: Zhang Jingzhou , Zhou Zaifu , Kong Qingxin 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Flavonoids are a large class of phenolic compounds, which generally refer to two benzene rings (A ring, B ring) with phenolic hydroxyl groups connected to each other through three central carbon atoms, that is, a series of C6-C3-C6 basic core compounds. Because of its potential medicinal value, the research on flavonoids has aroused great interest.

Methods:
This review aims to identify the research progress and development trends of electrochemical analysis of flavonoids. We retrieved published papers (1998–2020) from Scientific Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database of the WoS with a topic search related to electrochemical analysis of flavonoids.

Results:
In this paper, the research progress in electrochemical analysis of flavonoids has been reviewed. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids is the hot area that attracted considerable attention because it directly affects the application of flavonoids. Different analytical methods also received attention of researchers, such as cyclic voltammetry and capillary electrophoresis. This is because advanced analysis technology can be useful for evaluating the property of flavonoids.

Conclusion:
The research progress and development trends were analyzed based on CiteSpace software of text mining and visualization. Three peaks of this research area can be found as 2004-2005, 2011-2013 and 2016-2018. Although the different countries are conducting research on electrochemical analysis of flavonoids, most of these institutions are not related to each other.
Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech:
Authors: Damasceno Melo Paulo Eduardo , Bocato Jéssica Rico , de Castro Ferreira Conti Ana Cláudia , Siqueira de Souza Karen Regina , Freire Fernandes Thais Maria , de Almeida Marcio Rodrigues , Pedron Oltramari Paula Vanessa 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and conventional fixed appliances on production of speech.

Materials and Methods
This was a parallel, randomized clinical trial. Patients with Angle Class I malocclusion, moderate crowding, and no speech impairment were randomly allocated to two groups: patients with orthodontic aligners (OAs; n = 20; mean age = 23.60 ± 5.65 years) and those with conventional fixed appliances (n = 20; mean age = 20.56 ± 4.51 years) and treated at the University of North Parana's clinic in Londrina, Brazil. Evaluation of speech production was performed semiobjectively by a speech therapist (myofunctional orofacial examination) and subjectively (self-assessment) at five time points: baseline, immediately after insertion of appliances, and subsequently at 3, 30, and 180 days after insertion. For intergroup comparison, independent t, χ2, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used; for intragroup comparison, the Friedman test was applied (α = 5%).

Results
In the semiobjective evaluation, patients with OAs exhibited a change in production of speech production, compared with patients with fixed appliances, immediately and 3 days after insertion of appliances (P &lt; .001). Thirty days after insertion, the groups were similar (P = .487), an outcome that was unchanged at 180 days. However, in the self-assessments, patients in both groups reported significant speech difficulties immediately and 3 days after insertion of appliances, but such impairment was no longer perceived at 30 days or 180 days.

Conclusions
Although the speech therapist identified changes in speech production at the start of treatment in the OA group only, patient self-assessments demonstrated that orthodontic treatment, regardless of the type of appliance used, interfered with their perception of speech.
Say Why You Say It
Authors: Jensen Casper Bruun 
Published: May 2021

This paper explores “how ethnographic collaboration configures its data” via examination of three relations: between ethnography as method and writing, between leaky empirical and conceptual sets, and between ethnographic and rhetorical effects. I suggest that writing entails keeping the research imagination alive to two simultaneous processes of scaling—of the empirical within the text, and of diverse sets of literature in mutual relation—always with a specific focus and orientation. What emerges is an image of both ‘ethnographer’ and ‘data’ as hybrid and transformable companions.
I illustrate with reference to two quite different texts about emerging Mekong realities. Both are elicited as experimental additions to worlds. In that capacity, they are capable of generating reality effects but those effects cannot be preordained. I conclude that ethnographic collaborations find no other grounds than dic cur hic—why, here, now—or as Isabelle Stengers has formulated it “say why you say it.”
Evaluation of the educational competencies of the biology teachers in the secondary stage by teaching Alnmas - Saudi Arabia: تقييم الكفايات التعليمية لمعلمي الأحياء في المرحلة الثانوية بتعليم النماص- السعودية
Authors: Ali bin Mohammed Abdullah Al-Shihri  
Published: May 2021

This research aimed to study professional competencies of biology teachers in Namas, Saudi Arabia. and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher used the descriptive survey manner suits the nature of the problem, and be the research community from all teachers of biology to the stage of the secondary school in the Namas, Saudi Arabia, totaling (55) teachers, and consisted study tool of the questionnaire, which consisted of (50) items, divided into five areas, which were distributed to intentional sample consisted of all teachers and biology teachers who answered the questionnaire and numbered (52) teachers, and use ALL statistical treatments. According to the statistical program (SPSS) and using the arithmetic means and frequencies and percentages, the skills acquired at the macro level of the search, according to the evaluation of the sample, the arithmetic average (3.38) (5), and the percentage (66.70%), grade-verbal (medium), and at the level fields, got the efficiencies field (academic and educational) to the highest arithmetic average (4.03) and percentage (73.70%) appreciated (great), while I got the areas of competencies (lesson planning, implementation, teaching methods, evaluation) on the averages (3.47, 3.40, 3.30, 3.10) for each of them in a level; frequencies was (69.40%, 63%, 64.60%, 65.20%), all of which are appreciated (medium), and in the light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended intensified training courses by specialists educators applied as models for the development of competencies of teachers and confirmed that the biology teachers and all educators academic and professional development, the adoption of self-importance and its relation to the professional growth of teachers. And activate the system in-service training for teachers to develop teaching competencies.
The Effect of corporative learning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development in the arabic language for the 3rd grade students in Jordan: أثر استراتيجية التعليم التعاوني في تنمية مهارة القراءة في اللغة العربية لدى طالبات الثالث الأساسي في محافظة معان بالأردن
Authors: Aisha Ahmad Hussien Al-swalmeh  
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was inquiring The effect of corporative learning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development in the arabic language for the 3rd grade students in Jordan. To achieve goals of this study, a test has been developed to observe the Development of reading skill. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach in which the experimental group consisting of (30) students was taught in accordance with the corporative learning Strategy. At the same time, the controlled group consisting of (30 students) was taught in the traditional way. The tests and the motive measuring was applied prior and post- teaching on both groups. The Analysis of Covariance results (Test-t) indicated a significant difference at (α≤0.05) between the two groups, which is attributed to the corporative learning Strategy, in developing the reading skill, of Learning Arabic language Course for the experimental group. The results also indicated variation in the performance of (the experimental group) students in the corporative learning Strategy in the Reading Skill Development Where the control obtained a general average of (13.03 of 25) in comparison to the pilot on a general average (20.25 of 25) and the difference is clear for the benefit of the experimental group, and the value of ETA (2) for the post test (0.75) that is 0.75) Performance (experimental group) is a return to the cooperative learning strategy The study recommended introducing the corporative learning Strategy in the teaching of Arabic language Course, and conducting other similar studies in different educational stages.
The degree to which history teachers use modern evaluation strategies in Jordan: درجة استخدام معلمي التاريخ لاستراتيجيات التقويم الحديثة في الأردن
Authors: Amjad "Ahmad Shareef" Alzoubi  
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to reveal the degree to which history teachers use modern evaluation strategies in Jordan from their point of view, as the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, due to its suitability for the purposes of the study, and to achieve this goal the study tool was constructed and represented by the questionnaire, as it consisted of two areas (modern evaluation strategies And modern evaluation tools), and after making sure of their sincerity and reliability, they were applied to a random sample of (100) male and female teachers from history teachers in the Irbid governorate in Jordan. The data was entered into SPSS programs in preparation for analysis. The results revealed that the degree of social studies teachers using of modern evaluation strategies from their point of view was average, as the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences attributable to gender and scientific qualification variables in the degree of social studies teachers using of modern evaluation strategies from their point of view. In light of the previous results, the researcher recommended the need to train history on how to use modern evaluation strategies to develop their teaching performance, and the need to prepare evidence for how to use modern teaching strategies and the appropriate tools for them.
Education for Active Citizenship of Saudian Girl
Authors: Alia Omar Kamel Faraj  
Published: May 2021

The Objective of the Current Research is to Clarify the Reality of the Practice of the Students of Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University for Active Citizenship and Mechanisms for Activating it Among University Students; the Researcher Used the Descriptive Approach, The Tool Consisted of a Questionnaire Which Consisted of (59) Paragraphs Divided in to Three Axes, It Was Applied to a Random Sample of the Students of Prince Sattam University (200) Students in Scientific and Humanities Colleges, The Results of the Research Showed That the University of Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz Contribute Significantly to the Development of Active Citizenship of Students from Their Point of View, and that the Degree of Students Represent the University of Prince Sattam to the Dimensions of Active Citizenship Came all Significantly, The Results also Showed no Significant Differences to the Variable of Specialization from the Point of View of Female Students, While the Results Indicate That There are Differences of Statistical Significance Attributed to the Variable School Year, in Favor of the Fourth Year, the Research Ended With the Introduction of Measures to Activate the Role of the University in Promoting the Active Citizenship of the Saudi Girl.
Role of The School Administration in Applying the Quality Standards in Teaching Among Islamic Education Teachers Perspectives in The Directorate of Education in The Zarqa Region: دور الإدارة المدرسية في تطبيق معايير جودة التدريس من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الإسلامية في مديرية تعليم منطقة الزرقاء بالأردن
Authors: Omar AbdelAziz Mosa Yassen  
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify the role of the school administration in applying the quality standards in teaching among Islamic education teachers Perspectives in the Directorate of Education in the Zarqa Region study sample consisted of (72) male teachers and (88) female teachers. To achieve the objectives of the study, The descriptive approach was used a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection; The result showed that the level of the role of the school administration in applying the quality standards in teaching among Islamic education teachers was High with (3.71) score the stander of planning gets the highest score with (4.85) degree then the stander of implementation the lesson was also high with (3.83) score finally the stander of the evaluation was moderate with (3.56) score The finding also showed there are no statistically significant differences between the level of Islamic Education teachers sex (male and female) in addition there were statistically significant differences refers to years of experience in favor of the five and less. - In light of these results, there are a set of recommendations and suggestions to maintain quality standards in teaching and to improve evaluation quality in Zarqa School and in the whole of the kingdom of Jordan and Arab countries.
Assessment of Violence Against Medical Staff in Prince Salman Hospital in Al Riyadh City, Case Study
Authors: Ahlam Melfi Alotaibi  
Published: May 2021

The current study aims at assessing violent prevalence experienced and / or witnessed by medical staff at work, and determining whether there is a relationship between the prevalence of violence which the staff of Prince Salman Hospital has experienced and/or witnessed and the demographic factors. Descriptive and analytical case study method was used to gather information at Prince Salman Hospital. The health care staff of the hospital is the sample. All of them were asked to do the questionnaire. Results indicate that most of the staff are subjected to a variety of violence, at least, once a day. The statistical analysis shows that physical violence rates are between 27.7% and 30.4 %, verbal violence rates are between 41.1% and 41.1%, and sexual harassment rates are between 11.6 % and 19.6. In addition, results refer that there is a relationship between physical violence, age, and the workgroup. Whereas, there is no relationships between physical violence and sexual intends. in regarding with verbal violence, there is a relationship with different elements of age, marital status, and workgroup. Furthermore, there are no relationships between sexual harassments and marital status and workgroup. The present study conclusions that there are increasing numbers of violent states at the Prince Salman Hospital in Al-riyadh. So, it recommends that some procedures must be done to help the staff to handle violent actions, to develop the policies of reporting events, to increase security and community awareness with the phenomenon of violence.
Physics teachers' attitudes towards using Polya`s strategy for solving physics problems at Post Basic Education in Sultanate of Oman: اتجاهات معلمي الفيزياء نحو استخدام استراتيجية بوليا لحل المسائل الفيزيائية بمرحلة التعليم ما بعد الأساسي بسلطنة عُمان
Authors: Ahmed Humaid Al- Badri, Hamed Said Ali Al- Jabri  
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to identify Physics teachers' attitudes towards using Polya`s strategy for solving physics problems at Post Basic Education stage. To achieve the objectives of the study, a direction measurement was built to identify the degree of physics teachers' attitudes towards using Polya`s strategy. The measurement consisted in its final form of (34) statements. The sincerity of arbitrators of study tool was calculated and the correlation coefficients of the measurement statements was (0.567- 0.802). The stability of scales was also calculated by applying it on an exploratory sample and the reliability coefficient was (0.87) which is a high index of relevance to achieve objectives of the study. A descriptive approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study and the study population consisted of all physics teachers at Post Basic Education of Al Batinah North and Muscat Governorates in the academic year 2016/2017.A representative sample was chosen in a random way; the study sample was (41) male and female physics teachers of Post BE stage and the study tool was applied on them. The study results indicated that the average sample study of physics teachers' attitudes towards Polia strategy on a full scale was (3.76), which is a high degree level according to the standard of correcting performance on study tool which is a higher degree than the acceptable level educationally (3.5); that is due to the physics teachers of the importance of Polia strategy in developing skills of solving physics problems for learners. The results of the study indicated also that there were no statistically significant differences in the physics teachers' attitudes towards using Polya`s strategy in solving physics problems in Post BE, according to the variables of gender, scientific qualification and teaching experience. The researchers attribute that to the modernity of this strategy for physics teachers and the presence of a real desire from physics teachers to develop their teaching skills in solving physics problems in grade 11 and 12 (Post Basic Education The study recommended the need for paying attention to the development of physics teachers' skills in Polya strategy with its four(4) steps in teaching and solving physics problems at Post BE, and continuing work to raise awareness level and positive attitudes among physics toward Polya strategy and its importance in solving physics problems process.
The Impact of Economic Growth on Unemployment Case study: The King of Saudi Arabia during the period 1980- 2018: أثر النمو الاقتصادي على البطالة- دراسة حالة المملكة العربية السعودية خلال الفترة: 1980- 2018م
Authors: Abbas Fouad Abbas Hasan  
Published: May 2021

The study seeks to analyze and measure the relationship between rates of unemployment and economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the period 1980- 2018 and stand on the economic measures by the authorities to address the negative effects of high unemployment rates using the correlation matrix, Granger causality test, the methodology of the Co- integration test, error correction model and Okun model. The study found that there is strong relationship between economic growth and the unemployment rate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the study period. The study depends on the data from the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA)، the World Bank and other resources. One of the most important hypotheses of the study there is statistically significant relationship between economic growth and unemployment. The study recommended several recommendations one of them is: develop new economic policies to reduce dependence on oil as a primary source of revenue reducing inflation and working to increase investments, which leads to an increase in the size of the labor market.