bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of energetic materials via polyaniline and its different modified forms
Authors: Patil Veerabhadragouda B. , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Ture Satish A. , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwara V. , Abbaraju Venkataraman 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe detection techniques for traces of energetic materials (EMs) is achieved using fact interaction between fluorescent polymers and EMs. Researchers have designed various fluorophores for explosives detection worldwide. In present study, PAni, DBSA doped PAni (D‐PAni), γ‐Fe2O3PAni composite (Fe‐PAni), were synthesized and collectively used terminology as modified PAnis. This were employed for trace detection of EMs like TNT, RDX, PETN, and HNIW/CL‐20 and compared outcome with our earlier results of doped PAnis. All the synthesized PAnis were characterized by FT‐IR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and resonance Raman studies, UV–Visible, and photoluminescence (PL). The PL studies showed that quenching is selective and sensitive at ppm level (LOD about 0.04–1.50 μ mL−1) and Fe‐PAni emerged as a potential sensor (LOD; 0.092 ± 0.07 μ mL−1). The formation of polaron from bipolaron, the existence of exciton and intermolecular interactions were confirmed and evaluated from the spectrochemical studies.
Facilitators and barriers to return to work and meet financial needs in parents of children with cancer
Authors: Hjelmstedt Sofia , Forinder Ulla , Montgomery Scott , Lindahl Norberg Annika , Hovén Emma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore what facilitators and barriers parents of children with cancer identify for their ability to return to work and meet financial needs.ProcedureNine focus groups (21 mothers; 11 fathers) were performed across Sweden in 2015 and 2019. A deductive content analysis approach was used. A preconstructed matrix consisting of 12 codes based on previous literature was used to organize the data. The codes were grouped into subcategories, which were abstracted to four generic categories.ResultsFacilitators for a return to work were covered in the category “Flexibility and understanding from employers and social services,” and barriers in the category “Pressure to return without consideration of the consequences.” Facilitators to meeting financial needs were covered in the category “Available public, private, and employer support,” and barriers in the category “Lack of organized and efficient support from employers and social services.”ConclusionsThe identified barriers suggest that there is room for improvement in the provision of psychosocial support, which relates to a perceived lack of organized support regarding practical, financial, and occupational matters. The results show a need for a coordinated support system that includes major stakeholders, such as the health care, welfare agencies, and employers. Moreover, employers should consider how to implement more workplace flexibility and involvement of occupational health services. Importantly, to be able to return to work and achieve a sustainable financial situation, it is necessary for all stakeholders to recognize the long‐term impact of parenting a child with cancer.
Expression and prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) and its receptor in canine prostate cancer
Authors: Leis‐Filho Antonio Fernando , Lainetti Patricia deFaria , Kobayashi Priscila Emiko , Palmieri Chiara , Amorim Renée Laufer , Fonseca‐Alves Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) and its receptor, VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2), represent a complex family of angiogenic molecules consisting of different ligands and receptors. Due to the importance of VEGF‐A/VEGFR‐2 signaling in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, this study aimed to evaluate the protein and gene expression levels of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 in canine prostate cancer (PC).MethodsWe analyzed VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 expression in 87 PC samples by immunohistochemistry and quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction. PC samples were graded according to the Gleason score and the immunohistochemical staining for VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 was quantified using a selected threshold from the ImageJ Software. Microvascular density was assessed by cluster of differentiation 31 staining and counting the number of positive vessels. Additionally, the homology of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 between humans and dogs was assessed, followed by the construction of a protein structure homology model to compare the tertiary structures of these proteins in both species.ResultsNegative to weakly positive expression levels of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 were observed in the epithelial cells of the normal prostate (NP) and prostatic hyperplasia samples. In contrast, the canine proliferative atrophy and PC samples exhibited higher VEGF‐A (p < .0001) and VEGFR‐2 (p < .0001) compared to NP. Moreover, positive correlations between the expression levels of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 (Spearman's coefficient (r) = .68, p = .013) and the expression levels of VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 proteins (r = .8, p < .0001) were also observed in the NP samples. Additionally, the patients with PC exhibiting higher VEGFR‐2 expression levels experienced a shorter survival period (p = .0372). Furthermore, we found an association between the microvascular density and overall survival. Dogs with a higher number of vessels showed a shorter survival time. We further demonstrated that the VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 exhibited high homology between humans and dogs, and identified their protein structures in both species.ConclusionsIn conclusion, VEGFR‐2 appears to be an independent prognostic factor in animals with PC. VEGF‐A and VEGFR‐2 are highly conserved between humans and dogs, which can be investigated further in future cross‐species studies to explore their therapeutic applications.
A case of diffuse pulmonary ossification
Authors: Yomota Makiko , Kamei Tina , Mirokuji Kie , Hishima Tsunekazu , Hosomi Yukio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiffuse pulmonary ossification (DPO) is a rare condition characterized by the formation of bone tissues in the lung. DPO is considered to be accompanied by chronic lung diseases, such as idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or inhalation‐related lung diseases. Most reported cases of DPO were diagnosed during autopsies or surgical specimen. We report a case of DPO after kidney transplantation diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy.
Dual‐Mode Learning of Ambipolar Synaptic Phototransistor Based on 2D Perovskite/Organic Heterojunction for Flexible Color Recognizable Visual System
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Qingyuan , Shi Wei , Liu Kai , Zhang Yunpeng , Liu Yanwei , Wei Xiaofang , Zhao Zhiyuan , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence vision systems (AIVSs) with information sensing, processing, and storage functions are increasingly gaining attention in the science and technology community. Although synapse phototransistor (SPT) is one of the essential components in AIVSs, solution‐processed large‐area photonic synapses that can detect and recognize multi‐wavelength light are highly desirable. One of the major challenges in this area is the inability of the available materials to distinguish colors from the visible light to the near‐infrared (NIR) light for single carrier (hole‐only or electron‐only) SPTs owing to lack of cognitive elements. Herein, 2D perovskite/organic heterojunction (PEA2SnI4/Y6) ambipolar SPTs (POASPTs) are developed via solution process. The POASPTs can display dual‐mode learning process, which can convert light signals into postsynaptic currents with excitement/inhibition modes (hole‐transporting region) or inhibition/excitement (electron‐transporting region). The POASPTs exhibit high responsivity to visible light (104 A W−1) and NIR light (200 A W−1), and effectively perform learning and memory simultaneously. The flexible POASPT arrays can successfully recognize the images of different colors of light. This study reveals that the fabricated POASPTs have great potentials in the development of large‐area, high‐efficiency, and low‐cost AIVSs.
Seismic performance of high‐strength steel framed‐tube structures with web‐bolted double‐channel shear links
Authors: Lian Ming , Cheng Qianqian , Su Mingzhou , Guan Binlin , Zhang Hao 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAn innovative high‐strength steel framed‐tube structure system with web‐bolted double‐channel shear links (SFTS‐WSL) is introduced herein as an alternative solution to strengthening the seismic performance and earthquake resilience of structures while maintaining the recognized advantages of conventional steel framed‐tube structures (SFTS). In the SFTS‐WSL, the shear links consist of a double‐channel section connected to the ends of spandrel beams via web‐bolted connections. A 2/3‐scale subassembly was tested under cyclic loading to investigate the seismic behavior and replaceability of the links. The results indicate that the expected ductile failure mode is characterized by the web fracture of the links. To readily replace the links, the allowable residual story drift ratio should be 0.31%. Thereafter, a simplified numerical model was developed using OpenSees, which provides accurate predictions for the hysteretic response of the SFTS‐WSL. Additionally, the superior performance of the SFTS‐WSL was benchmarked against that of the SFTS. Under the maximum considered earthquake conditions, the average base shear and inter‐story drift ratio (IDR) of the SFTS‐WSL were 18.33% and 15.13% lower than those of the SFTS, respectively. Meanwhile, a small residual IDR of well below 0.31% enabled replacement of the damaged links to achieve post‐earthquake repair.
Context dependency of time-based event-related expectations for different modalities
Authors: Ball Felix , Andreca Julia , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExpectations about the temporal occurrence of events (when) are often tied with the expectations about certain event-related properties (what and where) happening at these time points. For instance, slowly waking up in the morning we expect our alarm clock to go off; however, the longer we do not hear it the more likely we already missed it. However, most current evidence for complex time-based event-related expectations (TBEEs) is based on the visual modality. Here we tested whether implicit TBEEs can act cross-modally. To this end, visual and auditory stimulus streams were presented which contained early and late targets embedded among distractors (to maximise temporal target uncertainty). Foreperiod-modality-contingencies were manipulated run-wise: visual targets either occurred early in 80% of trials and auditory targets occurred late in 80% of trials or vice versa. Participants showed increased sensitivity for expected auditory early/visual late targets which increased over time while the opposite pattern was observed for visual early/auditory late targets. A benefit in reaction times was only found for auditory early trials. Together, this pattern of results suggests that implicit context-dependent TBEEs for auditory targets after short foreperiods (be they correct or not) dominated and determined which modality became more expected at the late position irrespective of the veridical statistical regularity. Hence, TBEEs in cross-modal and uncertain environments are context-dependent, shaped by the dominant modality in temporal tasks (i.e., auditory) and only boost performance cross-modally when expectations about the event after the short foreperiod match with the run-wise context (i.e., auditory early/visual late).
Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: Kurt Jellinger`s legacy
Authors: Campese Nicole , Fanciulli Alessandra , Stefanova Nadia , Haybaeck Johannes , Kiechl Stefan , Wenning Gregor K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple System Atrophy (MSA) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Its etiology and exact pathogenesis still remain poorly understood and currently no disease-modifying therapy is available to halt or slow down this detrimental neurodegenerative process. Hallmarks of the disease are α-synuclein rich glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs). Neuropathologically, various degrees of striatonigral degeneration (SND) and olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) can be observed. Since the original descriptions of this multifaceted disorder, several steps forward have been made to clarify its neuropathological hallmarks and key pathophysiological mechanisms. The Austrian neuropathologist Kurt Jellinger substantially contributed to the understanding of the underlying neuropathology of this disease, to its standardized assessment and to a broad systematical clinic-pathological correlation. On the occasion of his 90th birthday, we reviewed the current state of the art in the field of MSA neuropathology, highlighting Prof. Jellinger’s substantial contribution.
The Ethics of Financial Market Making and Its Implications for High-Frequency Trading
Authors: Roncella Andrea , Ferrero Ignacio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the last 20 years, the financial sector has undergone an unprecedented transformation due to new regulations and the implementation of several technological advancements. The combination of regulation and technology has brought about new financial processes thathavefundamentally changed how financial market making is done. This paper studies the ethics of financial market making and its implications for one of the most controversial financial innovations of modern times, namely high-frequency trading (HFT). We claim that the Aristotelian distinction between naturalchrematistics, which is aimed at serving the real economy, and unnaturalchrematistics, whose ultimate purpose is wealth accumulation, can be a useful criterion to assess the ethics of financial market making and the goodness of an innovation as HFT, and how it can serve the common good of society. This approach can be defined as ‘purpose oriented’ or ‘purpose fulfillment’.
Preparations for and practices of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic: A study of Bangladesh and Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sagun , Haque Saifa , Dawadi Saraswati , Giri Ram Ashish 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnline education has been adopted widely to address the educational chaos created by the Covid-19 pandemic. Reports on its constraints and challenges appear daily in the global media. However, accounts of teachers’ and students’ experiences of this abrupt shift in pedagogical modality are conspicuously absent in the available literature. This article reports the findings of a study that explored teachers’ and students’ experiences of online education during the pandemic in the context of higher education in Bangladesh and Nepal. The online survey with 147 students and 76 teachers and interviews with a sub-sample of 17 participants indicate that they adapt the action potentials of the digital artifacts to local contexts and use them in the best possible ways to facilitate their communication and enhance student learning in difficult circumstances. The major challenges and constraints they experience in transitioning to online education include poor network, lack of digital skills, lack of technological support from institutions among others. The study findings indicate some pressing policy, pedagogical and research implications, which are discussed in the final section.
Numerical modelling of steady detonations with a variational streamline approach
Authors: Cartwright Malcolm , Falle Sam A. E. G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious studies (Watt et al. in J Eng Math 75(1):1, 2012; Cartwright and Falle in J Eng Math 115(1):157, 2019) have shown that a streamline based approach to modelling of steady state detonations can produce good results for rate laws which have maximal reaction at the shock. In this paper we consider a Variational Streamline Approximation (VSA) which introduces streamline curvature. Comparing results with Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and the existing Straight Streamline Approximation (SSA) model, we find that the VSA improves the predictive accurary of streamlines modelling compared to DNS calculations, capturing the shock front and sonic surfaces with greater accuracy than SSA.
Dissolved oxygen as a propulsive parameter for polyhydroxyalkanoate production using Bacillus endophyticus cultures
Authors: Madhusoodanan Geethu , Hariharapura Raghu Chandrashekar , Somashekara Divyashree 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConventional biopolymers resembling synthetic polymers produced from microorganisms, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesized utilizing renewable resources have gained supreme attention recently. PHA accumulation within the microbial cell is an innate capability of bacteria to store carbon and energy when nutrient imbalance pertains. Gram positive Bacillus endophyticus capable of synthesizing PHA was focused in this study. Study focuses on the possibility of attaining high PHA yield in relation to the varying dissolved oxygen levels induced during production phase. There was a gradual increment in PHA production from 34.5 to 53.03% when cultivated in bioreactor that maintained least dissolved oxygen of 0.4 mg/L at 32 °C. The metabolic flux of organism was altered during oxygen stress brought by varying agitation rate and volume resulting in the accumulation of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen (NADH), which led to increase in the overall PHA production. PHA yield was found to be favored by decreasing the oxygen supply thereby inducing an oxygen stress environment. This report was the first one that was correlating the hypothesis that links PHA yield and oxygen stress condition during production phase. PHA produced was characterized by FTIR and 1HNMR spectra in which the presence of Polyhydroxybutyrate was confirmed.
Graphical abstract
Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Deaf Adults with Intellectual Disability: Feasibility and Psychometric Properties of an Adapted Version of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2)
Authors: Holzinger D. , Weber C. , Bölte S. , Fellinger J. , Hofer J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study describes the adaptation of the autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS-2) to assess autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and hearing loss who communicate primarily visually. This adapted ADOS-2 was applied to residents of specialized therapeutic living communities (n = 56). The internal consistency of the adapted ADOS-2 was excellent for the Social Affect of modules 2 and 3 and acceptable for Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors subscale of module 2, but poor for module 3. Interrater reliability was comparable to standard ADOS-2 modules 1–3. Results suggest that autism symptoms of deaf adults with ID can be reliably identified by an adapted ADOS-2, provided adequate expertise in deafness, ID, ASD and proficiency in signed language by the administrator.
Evolution of pitting corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in ultrafine-grained commercially pure aluminium during annealing
Authors: Orłowska Marta , Ura-Bińczyk Ewa , Adamczyk-Cieślak Bogusława , Olejnik Lech , Lewandowska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the evolution of resistance to pitting corrosion and changes in the mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained aluminium during annealing. In contrast to the numerous papers devoted to the topic of the corrosion resistance of severely deformed aluminium alloys, a unique approach has been taken in this study. The size and distribution of the primary intermetallic particles, which are crucial in terms of corrosion resistance, remain constant during annealing. Therefore, the influence of other microstructural features could be investigated and compare with the results of mechanical properties. It was shown that the ultrafine-grained structure of commercially pure aluminium was stable up to 200 °C. Higher annealing temperatures caused significant grain growth and a reduction in dislocation density, which resulted in a drop in mechanical strength. Also, the corrosion resistance slightly decreased, since with an increase in annealing temperature a decrease in the corrosion potential, pit size, and the area damaged by corrosion attack were noted. The best combination of mechanical strength and resistance to pitting corrosion has been achieved for as-deformed state.
Interactive regulation of root exudation and rhizosphere denitrification by plant metabolite content and soil properties
Authors: Maurer Daniel , Malique François , Alfarraj Salah , Albasher Gada , Horn Marcus A. , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Dannenmann Michael , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims
Root exudates are known to shape microbial activities in the rhizosphere and to be of fundamental importance for plant-soil-microbe-carbon–nitrogen interactions. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent the amount and composition of root exudation affects rhizosphere denitrification.

Methods
In this study root exudation patterns and rhizosphere denitrification enzyme activity of three different grass species grown on two agricultural soils under two different soil water contents were investigated under controlled conditions.

Results
We found that root exudation of primary metabolites largely depends on plant species, soil type, soil moisture and root exudation medium. In dependence of soil properties and soil moisture levels, plants largely controlled amount and quality of root exudation. Exudates affected denitrification activity and plant–microbe competition for nitrate. Specifically, exudation of organic acids stimulated denitrifying activity while the sugar lyxose exhibited an inhibitory effect.

Conclusion
We show that interactive effects of physicochemical soil properties and species-specific effects of plant metabolism on root exudation act as a dominant control of rhizosphere denitrification, thereby explaining more than half of its variance.
Population living on permafrost in the Arctic
Authors: Ramage Justine , Jungsberg Leneisja , Wang Shinan , Westermann Sebastian , Lantuit Hugues , Heleniak Timothy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPermafrost thaw is a challenge in many Arctic regions, one that modifies ecosystems and affects infrastructure and livelihoods. To date, there have been no demographic studies of the population on permafrost. We present the first estimates of the number of inhabitants on permafrost in the Arctic Circumpolar Permafrost Region (ACPR) and project changes as a result of permafrost thaw. We combine current and projected populations at settlement level with permafrost extent. Key findings indicate that there are 1162 permafrost settlements in the ACPR, accommodating 5 million inhabitants, of whom 1 million live along a coast. Climate-driven permafrost projections suggest that by 2050, 42% of the permafrost settlements will become permafrost-free due to thawing. Among the settlements remaining on permafrost, 42% are in high hazard zones, where the consequences of permafrost thaw will be most severe. In total, 3.3 million people in the ACPR live currently in settlements where permafrost will degrade and ultimately disappear by 2050.