bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral vector beams for high-speed spectroscopic measurements
Authors: Kopf Lea , Ruano Juan R. Deop , Hiekkamäki Markus , Stolt Timo , Huttunen Mikko J. , Bouchard Frédéric , Fickler Robert 
Published: May 2021

Structuring light in multiple degrees of freedom has become a powerful approach to create complex states of light for fundamental studies and applications. Here, we investigate the light field of an ultrafast laser beam with a wavelength-dependent polarization state, which we term a spectral vector beam. We present a simple technique to generate and tune such structured beams and demonstrate their spectroscopic capabilities. By measuring only the polarization state using fast photodetectors, it is possible to track pulse-to-pulse changes in the frequency spectrum caused by, e.g., narrowband transmission or absorption. In our experiments, we reach readout rates of around 6 MHz, which is limited by our technical ability to modulate the spectrum and can in principle reach GHz readout rates. In simulations we extend the spectral range to more than 1000 nm by using a supercontinuum light source, thereby paving the way to various applications requiring high-speed spectroscopic measurements.
Vector harmonic mode-locking by acoustic resonance
Authors: Sergeyev Sergey , Kolpakov Stanislav , Loika Yury 
Published: May 2021

For an Er-doped fiber laser, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically a novel mechanism of harmonic mode-locking based on the electrostriction effect leading to excitation of the torsional acoustic modes in the transverse section of the laser. The exited torsional acoustic modes modulate the fiber birefringence that results in synchronization of oscillations at the harmonic modes and the linewidth narrowing with the increased signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB. By adjusting the in-cavity birefringence based on tuning the polarization controller, we enable the selection of the harmonic mode to be stabilized.
Genome-scale metabolic modelling when changes in environmental conditions affect biomass composition
Authors: Schulz Christian , Kumelj Tjasa , Karlsen Emil , Almaas Eivind 
Published: May 2021

Genome-scale metabolic modeling is an important tool in the study of metabolism by enhancing the collation of knowledge, interpretation of data, and prediction of metabolic capabilities. A frequent assumption in the use of genome-scale models is that the in vivo organism is evolved for optimal growth, where growth is represented by flux through a biomass objective function (BOF). While the specific composition of the BOF is crucial, its formulation is often inherited from similar organisms due to the experimental challenges associated with its proper determination.
A cell’s macro-molecular composition is not fixed and it responds to changes in environmental conditions. As a consequence, initiatives for the high-fidelity determination of cellular biomass composition have been launched. Thus, there is a need for a mathematical and computational framework capable of using multiple measurements of cellular biomass composition in different environments. Here, we propose two different computational approaches for directly addressing this challenge: Biomass Trade-off Weighting (BTW) and Higher-dimensional-plane InterPolation (HIP).
In lieu of experimental data on biomass composition-variation in response to changing nutrient environment, we assess the properties of BTW and HIP using three hypothetical, yet biologically plausible, BOFs for the Escherichia coli genome-scale metabolic model iML1515. We find that the BTW and HIP formulations have a significant impact on model performance and phenotypes. Furthermore, the BTW method generates larger growth rates in all environments when compared to HIP. Using acetate secretion and the respiratory quotient as proxies for phenotypic changes, we find marked differences between the methods as HIP generates BOFs more similar to a reference BOF than BTW. We conclude that the presented methods constitute a conceptual step in developing genome-scale metabolic modelling approaches capable of addressing the inherent dependence of cellular biomass composition on nutrient environments.
Genomic and cDNA selection-amplification identifies transcriptome-wide binding sites for the Drosophila protein sex-lethal
Authors: Banerjee Hiren , Singh Ravinder 
Published: May 2021

Background
Downstream targets for a large number of RNA-binding proteins remain to be identified. The Drosophila master sex-switch protein Sex-lethal (SXL) is an RNA-binding protein that controls splicing, polyadenylation, or translation of certain mRNAs to mediate female-specific sexual differentiation. Whereas some targets of SXL are known, previous studies indicate that additional targets of SXL have escaped genetic screens.

Methodology/Principal findings
Here, we have used an alternative molecular approach of GEnomic Selective Enrichment of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (GESELEX) using both the genomic DNA and cDNA pools from several Drosophila developmental stages to identify new potential targets of SXL. Our systematic analysis provides a comprehensive view of the Drosophila transcriptome for potential SXL-binding sites.

Conclusion/Significance
We have successfully identified new SXL-binding sites in the Drosophila transcriptome. We discuss the significance of our analysis and that the newly identified binding sites and sequences could serve as a useful resource for the research community. This approach should also be applicable to other RNA-binding proteins for which downstream targets are unknown.
The impact of malaria coinfection on Ebola virus disease outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Edwards Hannah M. , Counihan Helen , Bonnington Craig , Achan Jane , Hamade Prudence , Tibenderana James K. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Viral outbreaks present a particular challenge in countries in Africa where there is already a high incidence of other infectious diseases, including malaria which can alter immune responses to secondary infection. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one such problem; understanding how Plasmodium spp. and Ebolavirus (EBOV) interact is important for future outbreaks.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Web of Science to find peer-reviewed papers with primary data literature to determine 1) prevalence of EBOV/Plasmodium spp. coinfection, 2) effect of EBOV/Plasmodium spp. coinfection on EVD pathology and the immune response, 3) impact of EBOV/Plasmodium spp. coinfection on the outcome of EVD-related mortality. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted with the R package meta to produce overall proportion and effect estimates as well as measure between-study heterogeneity.

Results
From 322 peer-reviewed papers, 17 were included in the qualitative review and nine were included in a meta-analysis. Prevalence of coinfection was between 19% and 72%. One study reported significantly lower coagulatory response biomarkers in coinfected cases but no difference in inflammatory markers. Case fatality rates were similar between EBOV(+)/Pl(+) and EBOV(+)/Pl(-) cases (62.8%, 95% CI 49.3–74.6 and 56.7%, 95% CI 53.2–60.1, respectively), and there was no significant difference in risk of mortality (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.90–1.31) although heterogeneity between studies was high. One in vivo mouse model laboratory study found no difference in mortality by infection status, but another found prior acute Plasmodium yoeli infection was protective against morbidity and mortality via the IFN-γ signalling pathway.

Conclusion
The literature was inconclusive; studies varied widely and there was little attempt to adjust for confounding variables. Laboratory studies may present the best option to answer how pathogens interact within the body but improvement in data collection and analysis and in diagnostic methods would aid patient studies in the future.
Supporting families to protect child health: Parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Roos Leslie E. , Salisbury Marlee , Penner-Goeke Lara , Cameron Emily E. , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. , Giuliano Ryan , Afifi Tracie O. , Reynolds Kristin 
Published: May 2021

Background
Supportive parenting is critical for promoting healthy child development in the face of stressors, such as those occurring during COVID-19. Here, we address a knowledge gap regarding specific household risk factors associated with parenting quality during the pandemic and incorporate first-person accounts of family challenges and needs.

Methods
Mixed methods were applied to data collected between April 14th - 28th, 2020 from the “Parenting During the Pandemic” survey. Participants included 656 primary caregivers (e.g., mothers, fathers, foster parents) of least one child age 1.5–8 years of which 555 (84.6%) responded to at least one parenting questionnaire. Parenting quality was assessed across stressful, negative, and positive parenting dimensions. Household risk was examined across pandemic- linked (e.g., caregiver depression, unmet childcare needs) and stable factors (i.e., annual income, mental illness history). Significant correlates were examined with regressions in Mplus. Thematic analysis identified caregiver challenges and unmet needs from open-ended questions.

Findings
Caregiver depression, higher child parity, unmet childcare needs, and relationship distress predicted lower-quality parenting. Caregiver depression was the most significant predictor across every parenting dimension, with analyses indicating medium effect sizes, ds = .39 - .73. Qualitative findings highlighted severe strains on parent capacities including managing psychological distress, limited social supports, and too much unstructured time.

Interpretations
Lower quality parenting during COVID-19 is associated with multiple household and pandemic risk factors, with caregiver depression consistently linked to parent- child relationship disruptions. Focused efforts are needed to address caregiver mental health to protect child health as part of the pandemic response.
Primary care physician perspectives on screening for axial spondyloarthritis: A qualitative study
Authors: Lapane Kate L. , Shridharmurthy Divya , Khan Sara , Lindstrom Daniel , Beccia Ariel , Yi Esther , Kay Jonathan , Dube Catherine , Liu Shao-Hsien 
Published: May 2021

Background
Many patients with axial spondylarthritis (axSpA) experience lengthy diagnostic delays upwards of 14 years. (5–14 years). Screening tools for axSpA have been proposed for use in primary care settings, but whether this approach could be implemented into busy primary care settings remains unknown.

Objective
To solicit feedback from primary care physicians regarding questions from the Inflammatory Back Pain Assessment: the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) Expert Criteria and gain insight about barriers and facilitators for implementing axSpA screening in primary care.

Methods
Guided by Consolidated Criteria for reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ-criteria), we recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in-depth interviews with eight family medicine physicians and ten internists (purposeful sampling) using immersion/crystallization techniques.

Results
Few physicians reported awareness of existing classification criteria for axSpA, and many reported a lack of confidence in their ability to distinguish between inflammatory and mechanical back pain. From three domains, 10 subthemes emerged: 1) typical work-up of axSpA patients in primary care, with subthemes including the clues involved in work-up and role of clinical examinations for axSpA; 2) feedback on questions from the Inflammatory Back Pain Assessment: ASAS Expert Criteria, with subthemes to evaluate contents/questions of a potential screening tool for axSpA; and 3) implementation of the screening tool in primary care settings, with subthemes of perceived barriers including awareness, time, other conditions to screen, rare disease, and lack of structured questionnaire for back pain and perceived facilitators including workflow issues and awareness.

Conclusions
Primary care physicians believed that an improved screening instrument and a strong evidence-base to support the need for screening for axSpA are required. The implementation of axSpA screening into a busy primary care practice requires integration into the practice workflow, with use of technology suggested as a possible way to improve efficiency.
MASCULINIDADES E AS FEMINILIDADES NAS PROPAGANDAS EXIBIDAS EM CANAIS TELEVISIVOS DIRECIONADAS AO PÚBLICO INFANTIL
Authors: D’Amico Sotolani Matheus , Xavier Filha Constantina 
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como proposta analisar as Masculinidades e Feminilidades nas propagandas voltadas ao público infantil, em canais televisivos, exibidas no primeiro semestre de 2018. O questionamento foi: “Quais Masculinidades e Feminilidades são produzidas nas propagandas, direcionadas ao público infantil, exibidas no primeiro semestre do ano de 2018?”. A pesquisa baseou-se nas metodologias pós-críticas e seus pressupostos teóricos apoiaram-se nos Estudos de Gênero e nos Estudos Culturais. Os conceitos utilizados na pesquisa foram: Gênero, masculinidade, feminilidade, mídia, propaganda, publicidade e consumo. Nas discussões, produzimos os seguintes agrupamentos: “Ser menina”, “Maternidade”, “Ideal de beleza”, “Ser menino” e “Produção de violência”. Como síntese de pesquisa, percebeu-se como as Masculinidades e Feminilidades são produzidas nas propagandas
Exposure to Ranitidine and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Cardwell Chris R. , McDowell Ronald D. , Hughes Carmel M. , Hicks Blánaid , Murchie Peter 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Ranitidine has been shown to contain the carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine and increase urinary N-nitrosodimethylamine in humans. We investigated whether ranitidine use is associated with increased bladder cancer risk.

METHODS:
A nested case-control study was conducted within the Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit Research database which contains general practice records from Scotland. Bladder cancer cases, diagnosed between 1999 and 2011, were identified and matched with up to 5 controls (based on age, sex, general practice, and date of registration). Ranitidine, other histamine-2 receptor agonists, and proton pump inhibitors were identified from prescribing records. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression after adjusting for comorbidities and smoking.

RESULTS:
There were 3,260 cases and 14,037 controls. There was evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer in ranitidine users, compared with nonusers (fully adjusted OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.40), which was more marked with use for over 3 years of ranitidine (fully adjusted OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.05–1.94). By contrast, there was little evidence of any association between proton pump inhibitor use and bladder cancer risk based on any use (fully adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.88–1.11) or over 3 years of use (fully adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.80–1.20).

DISCUSSION:
In this large population-based study, the use of ranitidine particularly long-term use was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Further studies are necessary to attempt to replicate this finding in other settings.
Monstrous Femininity and Heroic Masculinity: “El Santo” versus “Las mujeres vampiro”
Authors: Slaughter Stephany 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article interrogates the framing of Mexican film heroes (El Santo) and monsters (Vampire women) through the lens of gender studies, specifically focusing on representations of the “monstrous feminine” in the form of vampire women in Santo contra las mujeres vampiro (1962) and Santo en la venganza de las mujeres vampiro (1970) who destabilize traditional gendered hierarchies and queer desires. However, much as their “bad woman” (mala mujer) celluloid predecessors, these women are framed as aberrations to be punished and the films ultimately reinforce more traditional gender roles.
La política del silencio y el exceso háptico-aural como representación del trauma en Elisa K
Authors: Etxabe Yanire Márquez 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Elisa K, filme codirigido por los directores catalanes Jordi Cadena y Judith Colell, presenta una nueva propuesta visual para representar y revisitar el trauma femenino del estupro al integrar dos registros discursivos distintos entre sí. Basándose en la estética de la visualidad háptica y del exceso aural, los directores transgreden los límites del género fílmico y de lo puramente visual, para explorar de manera cinestética otros sentidos mediante la memoria corporal de sus espectadores. A través de este recurso, se establece un espacio en el que se rompe la política del silencio que envuelve el trauma para hacerse finalmente oír.
ANALISIS PENDETEKSI KECOCOKAN OBJEK PADA CITRA DIGITAL DENGAN METODE ALGORITMA SIFT DAN HISTOGRAM COLOR RGB
Authors: Al Caruban Rosidin , Sugiantoro Bambang , Prayudi Yudi 
Published: May 2021

Through using tools of image processing on digital images just like gimp and adobe photoshop applications, an image on digital images can be a source of information for anyone who observes it. On one hand, those applications can easily change or manipulate the authenticity of the image. On the other hand, they can be misused to undermine the credibility of the authenticity of the image in various aspects. Thus, they can be considered as a crime. The implementation of the SIFT Algorithm (Scale Invariant feature transform) and RGB color histogram in Matlab can detect object fitness in digital images and perform accurate test. This study discusses the implementation of getting object fitness on digital image that has been manipulated by SIFT Algorithm method on the Matlab source. It is done by comparing the original image with the manipulated one. The object fitness in digital images can be obtained from a number of key points and other additional parameters through comparing number of pixels on the analyzed image and on the changed histogram in RGB color on each analyzed image. The digital image forensics which is known as one of the scientific methods commonly used in researches is aimed to obtain evidences or facts in determining the authenticity of the image on digital images. The use of the SIFT algorithm is chosen as an extraction method because it is invariant to scale, rotation, translation, and illumination changes. SIFT is used to obtain characteristics of the pattern of the gained key point. The tested result of the SIFT Algorithm method (Scale Invariant feature transform) is expected to produce a better image analysis.
KEJAHATAN SIBER DALAM BIDANG PERBANKAN
Authors: Faridi Muhammad Khairul 
Published: May 2021

Teknologi internet sudah banyak diterapkan pada berbagai perusahaan salah satunya pada perbankan. Penerapan teknologi internet perbankan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dan menurunkan biaya operasional perusahaan. Selain itu, nasabah juga dimudahkan untuk melakukan transaksi online dimanapun dan kapanpun. Namun keamanan informasi menjadi issue utama dalam penerapan teknologi internet dalam perbankan, dan pada awal tahun 2018 dunia dikejutkan dengan terjadinya pencurian data melalui mesin ATM di 64 negara dan 13 diantaranya bank swasta dan milik pemerintah indonesia. Akibat dari kejadian tersebut bank swasta dan bank milik negara mengalami kerugian senilai 18 miliar rupiah. Tujuan dari makalah ini yaitu bagaimana mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kejahatan perbankan berdasarkan peneliti sebelumnya serta bagaimana cara pencegahan dan penanggulangan tindak kejahatan pada perbankan. Dan hasil dari analisis terhadap beberapa penelitian tersebut terdapat 3 teknik kejahatan siber yang sering digunakan yaitu skimming, hacking dan malware. Dari ketiga jenis teknik kejahatan tersebut terdapat beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menanggulangi kejahatan pada perbankan yaitu dengan penerapan triple otentikasi, biometric dan smart card.
Implementation of educational policies for migrants: A case study in the Swiss canton of Geneva
Authors: Fouquet-Chauprade Barbara , Napoli Julia 
Published: May 2021

The Swiss context presents a specific pattern being a confederal country relying on a subsidiarity principle. Thus, the cantons operate in a framework of a reduced power of central authority (Boulenger et al., 2012; Revaz, 2020) and are autonomous regarding education policies at local level (Akkari, 2019). However, since the adoption of a new law in 2005, the Federal Council, cantons, municipalities and cities officially collaborate on migration policy (Chifelle, 2018; Facchinetti, 2012). In this particular context, the confederation developed migration policies giving guidance to cantonal governments. Our research aimed at analyzing a confederal policy guidance on migrants’ education and its interpretation in the canton of Geneva. In particular, we examined the ”decoupling” between general guidance from the Confederation and the implementation at local level. For this purpose, we studied the implementation of a cantonal program named L’école des mamans (mothers’ school) dedicated to prepare migrants’ families for their children enrolment in primary school. Our main results show that there is a distortion between policy objectives and the implementation phase. We also observe a model of resistance to change with no modification of actors’ practices towards migrants’ parents despite the new integration policy guidance.
Radical empiricism and machine learning research
Authors: Pearl Judea 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
I contrast the “data fitting” vs “data interpreting” approaches to data science along three dimensions: Expediency, Transparency, and Explainability. “Data fitting” is driven by the faith that the secret to rational decisions lies in the data itself. In contrast, the data-interpreting school views data, not as a sole source of knowledge but as an auxiliary means for interpreting reality, and “reality” stands for the processes that generate the data. I argue for restoring balance to data science through a task-dependent symbiosis of fitting and interpreting, guided by the Logic of Causation.