bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Case of IgA Vasculitis with Multisystemic Involvement
Authors: Du Lina , Liu Chang , Wang Panpan , Li Shaojing , Yue Shuang , Guo Ziyun , Yang Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common vasculitis in children. It is generally a self-limiting disease. Due to its systemic nature, a variety of symptoms in different organs can be observed. We report a case of IgAV characterized by several complications to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease.Case presentation: A 4-year-old boy was admitted to a local hospital because of abdominal pain and skin rash. The skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition, consistented with a diagnosis of IgAV. He developed clinical signs of intussusception and laparotomy was undertaken. He continued to have intermittent abdominal pain and edema in the four limbs with oliguria. Elevated pancreatic enzymes and swelling of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasound suggested a combination of pancreatitis in the child. The child subsequently developed headache, dizziness and convulsions, and head MRI showed a high signal on the left side of the cortex and subcortical white matter, and he was considered to have developed cerebral vasculitis.He underwent bronchoscopy because of respiratory distress, which which confirmed the presence of pulmonary hemorrhage. Combined pulmonary infections added to the severity and complexity of his condition. He received two courses of methylprednisolone pulse therapy combined with IVIG and aggressive anti-infective therapy, but his condition eventually deteriorated and he died.Conclusions: IgAV can involve multiple systems and various complications. There is no definitive evidence to support a single drug or multi- immunosuppressive regimen. IgAV usually runs a benign course,however, the severe cases are critical, with a high mortality rate.
Multimodal Prehabilitation in Radioactive Iodine-refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated With Lenvatinib.
Authors: Oca Alejandra Perez-Montes de , Joaquin Clara , Vazquez Federico , Martinez Eva , Etxanitz Olatz , Barez Milagros , Fuentes Sonia , Puig-Domingo Manuel , Reverter Jordi L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study describes our clinical experience with lenvatinib for the treatment of radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) using a multimodal patient-centered prehabilitation multidisciplinary approach assessing its effectiveness and patient outcomes.
Methods and design

This is a retrospective observational real-life study of a consecutive series of RR-DTC patients treated with lenvatinib as first-line treatment at Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital.
Results

Partial response was observed in 6 patients (46.1%), stable disease in 5 patients (38.5%) and disease progression in 2 patients (15.4%). PFS and OS were 16.3 and 17.9 months respectively. AEs occurred in all patients. The most common adverse event (AE) was fatigue (69%), followed by diarrhea (46%), hypertension (46%) and anorexia (38.3%). Weight loss was present in 30.7% of the patients and only 7.7% was grade 3.
Conclusion

In our experience, prehabilitation can be useful to decrease not only the incidence but the severity of important side effects such as weight loss, anorexia and hypertension. For these complex patients, a multidisciplinary team is useful for follow-up, treatment and prevention of possible AEs.
Trends of inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2016
Authors: Amare Tsegaw , Dellie Endalkachew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a cost-effective and straightforward activity with numerous neonates' survival benefits. Thus, any disparity would result in an unacceptably high rate of neonatal death at the national level, and disparities among sub-groups regarding EIBF have not been well explored in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the trends of socioeconomic inequalities in EIBF in Ethiopia.
Methods
The Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2000 to 2016 data and the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) were used to investigate the inequalities in early breastfeeding initiation across the wealth quantile, educational level, residence and subnational region. Difference, ratio, slope index of inequality, relative index of inequality and population attributable risk were used as equity summary measures. A 95% uncertainty interval was calculated to declare the significance of the disparity in each point estimate.
Results
The magnitude of EIBF practice has fluctuated over the last seventeen years, with 47.4% in 2000, 66.2% in 2005, 51.5% in 2011 and 73.3% in 2016. In 2011, a significant change in inequality was observed in wealth- and educational status, whereas in 2016, inequalities were found in the subnational regions. Furthermore, in all survey years, the simple dispersion measure indicated no inequality in EIBF based on residence differences. However, there was high dispersion both in Difference and Ratio in Ethiopia across all survey years based on Ethiopia's sub-national region. In 2016, Afar (42.0%; 95% UI: 34.7–49.7), Tigray (63.0%; 95% UI: 56.6–69.0) and Amhara (66.0%; 95% UI: 59.7–71.8) were the three least EIBF practiced regions in Ethiopia. If the regional performance disparities in 2016 were reduced to an insignificant level, the EIBF proportion at the national level would increase by 17.2% (95% UI: 2.2–32.2).
Conclusion
In Ethiopia, the trend of socioeconomic inequality in EIBF has increased significantly over the past seventeen years. The disparity in EIBF was observed in all measures of dispersion in 2011. In all survey years, the northern part of Ethiopia (Afar, Tigray and Amhara regions) performed worse than the rest of the country. Therefore, interventions targeting them would significantly improve the national level performance of EIBF for the subsequent reduction of neonatal mortality.
An Evidence-Based Personal Finance Education Curriculum for Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: Igu Joel Akachukwu , Zakaria Sammy , Bar-Or Yuval 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMany physicians complete medical school and graduate medical education (GME) burdened by high debt and financial illiteracy. This places them at higher risk for ill-informed financial decisions, which can result in increased stress and anxiety and a lower quality of life. In response, medical wellness programs have increasingly sought to offer personal finance education, but there is little guidance on optimal curricula. Our objective is to systematically review the existing literature examining physician financial literacy curricula and to recommend a standardized curriculum.MethodsThis review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2009 checklist to conduct literature searches in PubMed, ERIC, MedEdPortal, EBSCO, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. Three researchers used predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select articles, including a focus on financial concepts applicable in the United States. Articles were assessed using modified Côté-Turgeon and Kirkpatrick qualitative analyses tools. Results38 articles met all inclusion criteria. Six specifically described personal finance literacy curricula for medical students or GME trainees, with varied criteria for selecting instructors, topics, and outcomes. All studies reported that audiences were ill-prepared for making financial decisions but strongly desired financial literacy education. Qualitative analysis revealed Strength of Findings summary scores ranging from 2-4, while applicable Kirkpatrick Model scores were all 3 or greater.ConclusionsAlthough medical students and GME trainees value financial literacy, few publications report the impact of actual curricula. These efforts vary in depth, breadth, and measured impact. Future research should focus on development of valid testing instruments, content standardization, selection of credible instructors, and country-specific financial concepts.
Metabolic Stimulation-Elicited Transcriptional Responses and Biosynthesis ofAcylated Triterpenoids in the Medicinal Plant Helicteres Angustifolia
Authors: Huang Yuying , An Wenli , Yang Zerui , Xie Chunzhu , Liu Shanshan , Zhan Ting , Zheng Xiasheng , Pan Huaigeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Helicteres angustifolia has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. It has multiple pharmacological benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. Its main active chemicals include betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, helicteric acid, helicterilic acid, and other triterpenoid sapions. It is worth noting that the acylation of triterpenoids, such as helicteric acid and helicterilic acid, are characteristic components of Helicteres and are relatively rare among other plants. However, reliance on natural plants as the only sources of these restricts the potential use of H. angustifolia. Therefore, engineering of its metabolic pathway is of high research value for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Unfortunately, little is known of the biosynthesis of acylated triterpenoids, hindering its further investigation. Here, the RNAs of different groups treated by metabolic stimulation were sequenced with an Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, resulting in 121 gigabases of data. A total of 424,824 unigenes were obtained after the trimming and assembly of the raw data, and 22,430 unigenes were determined to be differentially expressed. In addition, three oxidized squalene cyclases (OSCs) and four Cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) were screened, of which one OSC (HaOSC1) and one CYP450 (HaCYPi3) achieved functional verification, suggesting that they could catalyze the production of lupeol and oleanolic acid, respectively. At the same time, we also screened two triterpenoid acetyl transferases (TATs) and one triterpenoid benzoyl transferase (TBT), as subsequent structural modificatory genes, their preliminary study laid a foundation for the acylation of triterpenoids. In a nutshell, these results shed light on the regulation of acylated triterpenoids biosynthesis.
Congenital Phenotypes and DMPK CTG Repeat Number in Mothers and Children With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Shigematsu Kosuke , Mikami Yukiko , Takai Yasushi , Huang Haipeng , Shinsaka Mamiko , Itaya Yukiko , Kinoshita Masanobu , Nomura Kyoichi , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. In DM1, the mutant allele expands during gametogenesis, and an extended CTG repeat sequence is inherited by the offspring. This often results in increased severity of DM1 symptoms in the affected offspring and may cause congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM). This study aimed to clarify whether CTG repeat number predicts CDM in offspring. This retrospective study examined 14 women with DM1, their pregnancy and labor histories, and their 14 children diagnosed with DM1. There were 12 CDM patients and 2 non-CDM patients. Correlations between CDM onset and CTG repeat numbers of the mother and child were analyzed. Women who bore a child with CDM (infants with detected polyhydramnios during pregnancy, hypotonia, respiratory insufficiency, or suckling failure at birth) had a mean repeat number of 643 (standard deviation [SD] 436). For women who bore a child without CDM, the mean repeat number was 950 (SD 71), and no significant between-group difference was detected. The mean (SD) CTG repeat numbers observed in children with and without CDM were 1,646 (324) and 1,700 (565), respectively. CDM cannot be predicted based on the CTG repeat numbers of mothers or children.
Clinical analysis of persistent subretinal fluid after pars plana vitrectomy in macular involving diabetic tractional retinal detachment
Authors: Kang Yong Koo , Shin Jae Pil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the duration of persistent subretinal fluid (PSF) and contributing factors after pars plana vitrectomy in patients accompanying macular involving diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD). We included 33 eyes of 33 patients diagnosed macular involving diabetic TRD and received pars plana vitrectomy between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. PSF was confirmed on optical coherence tomography. The duration of PSF after surgery and relevant ocular and systemic factors according to the duration of PSF were analyzed. The prevalence of PSF was 81.8% a 1 month, 54.5% at 3 months, 36.4% at 6 months and 12.1% at 12 months after surgery and mean duration of PSF was 5.2 ± 4.9 months. The mean best corrected visual acuity was significantly improved after 1 year and the final visit than baseline. Blood urine nitrogen, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly associated with duration of PSF in univariate analysis, but only eGFR was significantly associated in the multivariate analysis. Therefore, patients with impaired kidney function tend to have delayed subretinal fluid absorption and it would be necessary to explain in advance that PSF could be long-lasting in patient with impaired kidney function.
Revealing the structure deformation in multi-component lipids by dynamic speckle pattern analysis
Authors: Panahi Majid , Rad Vahideh Farzam , Sasan Shiva , Jamali Ramin , Moradi Ali-Reza , Darudi Ahamd 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the bio-molecular field of Liquid-crystalline, the stacked lipid bilayers phase represents an extensive issue. It was proven that in addition to the typical smectic order, multi-component multilayer membranes could present columnar order arising from the coupling of two-dimensional intralayer phase separation. Interlayer smectic ordering distributes across hundreds of membrane lamellae, resulting in long-range alignment of phase-separated domains. In the current paper, the self-ordering of the sample over time is investigated by dynamic speckle pattern analysis. Temporal alteration of the sample is associated with changes in the intensity and contrast of the speckle pattern. We have used different factors, including motion history, co-occurrence, and time history speckle pattern, to examine the structure evolution of lipid mixtures, which are done by sequence images of speckle pattern over time. Roughness parameters inclusive of skewness and kurtosis of speckle pattern were investigated that are related to the domain size evolution of the sample. It is shown that the activity is decreasing by increasing the cholesterol content and inertia moment is inversely proportional with the growth of domain formation. The experimental setup, data recording, and data analysis are presented too.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 elicited a robust humoral and cellular response against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Authors: Lilleri Daniele , Cassaniti Irene , Bergami Federica , Percivalle Elena , Gabanti Elisa , Sammartino Josè Camilla , Ferrari Alessandro , Adzasehoun Kodjo , Zavaglio Federica , Zelini Paola , Comolli Giuditta , Sarasini Antonella , Piralla Antonio , Ricciardi Alessandra , Zuccaro Valentina , Maggi Fabrizio , Novazzi Federica , Simonelli Luca , Varani Luca , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BNT162b2 vaccine was introduced in Italy on 27th December 2020 and healthcare workers were rapidly vaccinated. In this study, we demonstrated that one vaccine dose was sufficient for eliciting a sustained humoral and cell-mediated response in SARS-CoV-2 experienced healthcare workers but had a lower effect in SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects. However, 98% naïve subjects developed both neutralizing antibodies and Spike-specific T-cells after the second dose. Moreover, the antibody and T-cell responses were effective against viral variants since a partial reduction in antibody response was observed only against the South-African variant in SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, while the T-cell response was less affected.
Identification of aquifer pollution’s point sources with the Reciprocity Principle
Authors: Hariga Nejla T. , Bouhlila Rachida 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The principle of reciprocity, called Maxwell-Bettitheorem, initially used in mechanics in an elastic structure, establishes a relation of equality between two distinct strains under different loads. In this paper, we extend and apply this principle to flow and solute transport equations in porous media, in order to perform the pollution sources identification in aquifers. We developed general 2D expressions of the reciprocity principle for transient transport problems. This model leads to a linear equations set, with point sources coordinates, concentrations and associated water fluxes as unknowns. The proposed model is then applied to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal aquifer, where polluted water is injected into a well in the domain. The proposed inverse technique successfully recovered the position and the pollutant concentration in addition to the associated water flux. Moreover, we developed and implemented the inverse method for different knowledge levels of the degrees of the aquifer contamination, i.e. more or less data available in the field. Multiple pollution point sources and noisy data situations are also developed and tested with high efficiency. The proposed method would be easy and useful to be implemented in the modeling software now widely used by researchers and groundwater managers. It can thus be applied in real case studies, to help authorities and regulators to efficiently identify the polluters and the contamination process i.e. its location, onset, duration and the associated mass and water fluxes.
Investigating the Length, Area and Volume Measurement Accuracy in UAV-Based Oblique Photogrammetry Models produced with and without Ground Control Points
Authors: Maraş Erdem , Nasery Mohammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the performance and sensitivity of a 3D photogrammetric model generated without GCPs (Ground Control Points). To see if the models with no GCPs show the accuracy in every types of terrain as well as climate or metrological conditions, two separate studies are done in two areas with different characteristics such as Altitude, slope, topography, and meteorological varieties. The study areas were initially modelled with GCPs and later without GCPs. Furthermore, some of the dimensions and areas within the modelled area were measured using terrestrial techniques (with GPS/GNSS) for accuracy analysis. After modelling within the areas with and without GCPs, different territories with different slope and geometric shapes were selected. Various measurement in terms of length, area and volume carried out over the selected territories within both model (generated with and without GCPs) of each 2 studies. The datasets obtained as results of measurements were compared to each other and the measurements carried out over the models produced with GCPs were accepted as true values. Results from length measurement provided various level of success. First study area exhibited very promising results in length measurement with a relative error of less than 1% and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of 0.139m. In the case of area measurement, in the first study area (Sivas), a minimum relative error of 0.04% and a maximum relative error of 1.05% with a RMSE of 1.264 m² is obtained. In the second study areas (Artvin) for area measurement a minimum relative error of 0.56% and a maximum relative error of 5.27% with a RMSE of 1.76m² is achieved. And finally, in the case of volume measurement, for fist study area (Sivas) a minimum relative error of 0.8% and a maximum relative error of 6.8% as well as 2.301 m³ is calculated. For second study area (Artvin) minimum relative error for volume measurement is 0.502% as well as maximum relative error is 2.01% with a 7.061m³ RMSE.
Combined Association of Multiple Chronic Diseases and Social Isolation With Functional Disability in Elderly Stroke Patients: A Multicentre Cross-sectional Study in China
Authors: Liu Xiangxiang , Yu Hong-jie , Gao Yan , Zhou Jing , Zhou Mingchao , Wan Li , Xiong Feng , Zhao Jingpu , He Qi-qiang , Wang Yulong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMultiple chronic diseases (MCDs) and social isolation are independent risk factors related with stroke and disability, but it is unknown whether the combination of these two conditions resulted from ageing related to functional disability in stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to probe the relationship between combination of MCDs, social isolation and functional disability in elderly stroke patients.MethodsA multicentre and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine of 103 hospitals located in 23 cities across China. Stroke patients aged over 60 years were selected as participants. Demographic characteristics, lifestyles and clinical information were investigated by questionnaire and medical records. Multi-nominal logistic regression model was used to explore the association of MCDs, social isolation and their combination with functional disability assessed by Barthel Index Scale.ResultsA total of 4281 elderly stroke patients were included in the final analysis. The proportion of social isolation and MCDs (>1) increased by the severity of functional disability. Social isolation was associated with increased risks for mild (33%), moderate (175%), and severe (833%) functional disability significantly in their comparisons with those without social isolation and MCDs. The intragroup odds ratio (OR) of MCDs increased by its number and the intergroup of OR increased by the severity of functional disability significantly. Social isolation and ≥3 MCDs associated the highest risk for severe (OR= 38.24, 95%CI: 14.76-99.07) and moderate (OR = 9.74, 95%CI: 3.62-26.22) functional disability, but not significant for mild group.ConclusionsMCDs, social isolation, and their combination were associated with functional disability in Chinese elderly stroke patients. Future secondary prevention and rehabilitation for functional disability in this population should underscore both social activity and the combined treatments of MCDs.Clinical Trial Registration NOChiCTR2000034067.
Global Implication of Mesoproterozoic (1.4 Ga) Magmatism Within Sette-Daban Range (Southeast Siberia)
Authors: Malyshev Sergey , Ivanov Alexey , Khudoley Andrey , Kamenetsky Vadim , Kamenetsky Maya , Marfin Alexander , Lebedeva Olga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mesoproterozoic period included several global tectonic events like break-up of Nuna and formation of Rodinia. However, although Siberia is a significant piece of both supercontinents, Mesoproterozoic time is marked by quiescence of magmatic and tectonic activity in it. We report here a mafic dyke (named Gornostakh dyke) in the southeastern Siberian Craton dated at 1419 ± 32 Ma by LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology of apatite. Paleogeographic reconstructions suggest that Siberia was connected to Laurentia and Baltica and their reconfiguration interrupts a prolonged tectonic quiescence in the Siberian Craton from ca. 1.88 Ga reflecting a transition from Nuna to Rodinia configuration. The 1419 Ma Gornostakh dyke and coeval deformation observed in the structure of the region may be a direct consequence of this transition. The dyke has tholeiitic compositions with high MgO and alkaline content, low-Ti, and arc-like trace element pattern. Due to the absence of subduction tectonics in the study area, geochemical data could be attributed to a significant contribution from metasomatically enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle previously modified by subduction processes. Such mafic magmatism on the margin of the Siberian Craton could be related to a hypothetic large igneous province, which initiated the continental break-up.