bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Abstract System for Converting and Recovering Texts like Structured Information
Authors: Verdesoto Edgardo Samuel Barraza , Herrera Richard de Jesus Gil , Ortiz Marlly Yaneth Rojas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an abstract system for converting texts into structured information. The proposed architecture incorporates several strategies based on scientific models of how the brain records and recovers memories, and approaches that convert texts into structured data. The applications of this proposal are vast because, in general, the information that can be expressed like a text way, such as reports, emails, web contents, etc., is considered unstructured and, hence, the repositories based on a SQL do not capable to deal efficiently with this kind of data. The model in which was based on this proposal divides a sentence into clusters of words which in turn are transformed into members of a taxonomy of algebraic structures. The algebraic structures must comply properties of Abelian groups. Methodologically, an incremental prototyping approach has been applied to develop a satisfactory architecture that can be adapted to any language. A special case is studied, this deals with the Spanish language. The developed abstract system is a framework that permits to implements applications that convert unstructured textual information to structured information, this can be useful in contexts such as Natural Language Generation, Data Mining, dynamically generation of theories, among others.
The Zoom solution: Promoting effective cross-ideological communication online
Authors: Binnquist Ashley , Dolbier Stephanie , Dieffenbach Macrina , Lieberman Matthew 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rise of ideological polarization in the U.S. over the past few decades has come with an increase in hostility on both sides of the political aisle. Although communication and compromise are hallmarks of a functioning society, research has shown that people overestimate the negative affect they will experience when viewing oppositional media, and it is likely that negative forecasts lead many to avoid cross-ideological communication (CIC) altogether. Additionally, a growing ideological geographic divide and online extremism fueled by social media audiences make engaging in CIC more difficult than ever. Here, we demonstrate that online video-chat platforms (i.e., Zoom) can be used to promote effective CIC among ideologically polarized individuals, as well as to better study CIC in a controlled setting. Participants (n = 122) had a face-to-face CIC over Zoom, either privately or publicly with a silent ingroup audience present. Participant forecasts about the interaction were largely inaccurate, with the actual conversation experience found to be more positive than anticipated. Additionally, the presence of an ingroup audience was associated with increased conflict. In both conditions, participants showed signs of attitude moderation, felt more favorable toward the outgroup, and felt more informed about the issue after the CIC. These results suggest that face-to-face CIC’s are generally positive and beneficial for partisans, and that greater effects may be achieved through private conversations, as opposed to more public social media interactions. Future researchers studying ideological conflict may find success using similar Zoom paradigms to bring together ideologically diverse individuals in controlled lab settings.
Prolonged Fever and Exaggerated Hypercoagulopathy in Malaria Vivax Relapse and COVID-19 Co-infection: A Case Report
Authors: Asmarawati Tri Pudy , Martani Okla Sekar , Bramantono Bramantono , Arifianto Muhammad Vitanata 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often causes atypical clinical manifestations similar to other infectious diseases. In malaria-endemic areas, the pandemic situation will very likely result in co-infection of COVID-19 and Malaria, although reports to date are still few. Meanwhile, in areas with low malaria prevalence, this disease will be challenging to diagnose because the symptoms closely resemble COVID-19.Case presentationA 23-year-old male patient presented to hospital with fever, anosmia, headache, and nausea since one week before. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated for approximately ten days then discharged to continue self-quarantine at home. Two weeks later, he came back to the hospital with fever that was raised intermittently every two days, and was marked by a chilling-fever-sweating cycle. We conducted a laboratory test for malaria and nasopharyngeal swab for SARS CoV-2 PCR which confirmed both of the diagnosis. The laboratory examination showed markedly elevated D-dimer. He was treated with Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) 4 tablets per day for three days and Primaquine 2 tablets per day for 14 days according to Indonesian national anti-malarial treatment guidelines. After six days of treatment, the patient had no complaints, and the results of laboratory tests had improved. This report describes the key points in considering the differential diagnosis and prompt treatment of malaria infection during the pandemic of COVID-19 in an endemic country to prevent the worse clinical outcomes. COVID-19 and malaria may also cause hypercoagulable state, so a co-infection of those diseases may impact on the prognosis of the disease.ConclusionThis case report shows that considering the possibility of a co-infection in COVID-19 patient who presents with fever can prevent delayed treatment that can worsen the disease outcome. Paying more attention to a history of travel to malaria-endemic areas, a history of previous malaria infection, and exploring anamnesis regarding the fever patterns in patients are important points in making a differential diagnosis of malaria infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Designing and implementing equity-based pandemic preparedness and response learning modules: Lessons from a multi-country short-course
Authors: Manzi Anatole , Henley Phaedra , Lieberman Hannah , Topper Langley , Wuethrich Bernice , Logan Jenae , Bekele Abebe , Mubiligi Joel , Davis Sheila , Binagwaho Agnes , Farmer Paul , Mukherjee Joia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had disproportionate impacts across race, social class, and geography. Insufficient attention has been paid to addressing the massive inequities worsened by COVID-19. In July 2020, Partners In Health (PIH) and the University of Global Health Equity (UGHE) designed a four-module short course, “An Equity Approach to Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Emerging Insights from COVID-19 Global Response Leaders.” We describe the design and use of a case-based, short-course education model to transfer knowledge and skills in equity approaches to pandemic preparedness and response.MethodsThis course used case studies of Massachusetts and Navajo Nation in the U.S, and Rwanda to highlight examples of equity-centered pandemic response. A post-session assessment survey was completed by course participants after each of the four modules. A mixed-method analysis was conducted to understand knowledge acquisition on key topics and assess participants’ experience and satisfaction with the course. Additionally, a landscape analysis was conducted to identify other equity-centered courses for pandemic response offered previously and to compare the content, audience, and intended outcomes.Results Forty-four percent of participants identified, “Immediate need for skills and information to address COVID-19” as their primary reason for attending the course. Participants reported that they are very likely (4.75 out of 5) to use the information, tools, or skills from the course in their work. The average score for content related questions answered correctly was 82-88% for each session. Participants (~70-90%) said their understanding was Excellent or Very Good for each session. Participants expressed a deepened understanding of the importance of prioritizing vulnerable communities and built global solidarity.ConclusionParticipants viewed the training as highly relevant, well-presented, actionable, shareable, and contributed to a new level of understanding of the social determinants of health and equity issues surrounding pandemic preparedness, crisis response, and long-term population recovery. This course offered a clear analysis of the impact of racism on the pandemic in the United States, the intersection of racism and wealth inequality; the role of the social determinants of health in pandemic preparedness, outcomes and response; and the impacts of neocolonialism on pandemic response in low- and middle-income countries.
Human Resources in Europe. Estimation, Clusterization, Machine Learning and Prediction
Authors: LEOGRANDE ANGELO , COSTANTIELLO ALBERTO 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We estimate the relationships between innovation and human resources in Europe using the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 36 countries for the period 2010-2019. We perform Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Random Effects, Pooled OLS, Dynamic Panel and WLS. We found that Human resources is positively associated to “Basic-school entrepreneurial education and training”, “Employment MHT manufacturing KIS services”, “Employment share Manufacturing (SD)”, “Lifelong learning”, “New doctorate graduates”, “R&D expenditure business sector”, “R&D expenditure public sector”, “Tertiary education”. Our results also show that “Human Resources” is negatively associated to “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Medium and high-tech product exports”, “SMEs innovating in-house”, “Venture capital”. In adjunct we perform a clusterization with k-Means algorithm and we find the presence of three clusters. Clusterization shows the presence of Central and Northern European countries that has higher levels of Human Resources, while Southern and Eastern Europe has very low degree of Human Resources. Finally, we use seven machine learning algorithms to predict the value of Human Resources in Europe Countries using data in the period 2014-2021 and we show that the linear regression algorithm performs at the highest level.
Geographic distribution and prevalence of human echinococcosis at the township level in the Tibet Autonomous Region
Authors: WANG Liying , Quzhen Gongsang , Qin Min , Liu Ze-hang , Pang Hua-sheng , Frutos Roger , Gavotte Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larval stages of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcosis is prevalent in 10 provinces/autonomous regions in western and northern China. A 2016 epidemiological survey of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) showed that the prevalence of human echinococcosis was 1.66% which is much higher than the average prevalence in China (0.24%). Therefore, understanding the prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis at the township level in TAR is critical.
Methods

Data from echinococcosis cases were obtained from 692 TAR townships in 2018. Cases were identified using the B-ultrasonography diagnostic method. The epidemic status of echinococcosis was classified in all townships in TAR according to the relevant standards of population prevalence indexes as defined in the national technical plan for echinococcosis control. Spatial scan statistics were used to highlight the geographical townships most at risk of echinococcosis. SPSS 21.0 was used to calculate the prevalence for cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). For spatial clustering analyses and mapping, data were processed using ArcGIS 10.1. Spatial scan analyses were performed using SaTScan V9.5.
Results

In 2018, 16,009 echinococcosis cases were recorded in 74 endemic counties in TAR. The total prevalence rate was 0.53%. All the 692 townships were classified according to the order of the epidemic degree from high to low. 127 townships had prevalence rates higher than or equal to 1%. The spatial clustering scanning analysis of echinococcosis cases and exposed population showed that CE displayed one primary cluster, two secondary clusters and six minor secondary clusters. The primary cluster and other clusters were defined by Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) statistically significant values. The primary cluster covered 88 townships in 12 epidemic counties. AE displayed one primary cluster and two secondary clusters. The primary cluster covered 38 townships in 6 epidemic counties.
Stochastic Analysis of the Variability of Groundwater Flow Fields in Heterogeneous Confined Aquifers of Variable Thickness
Authors: Chang Ching-Min , Ni Chuen-Fa , Li We-Ci , Lin Chi-Ping , Lee I-Hsian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The problem of flow through heterogeneous confined aquifers of variable thickness is analyzed from a stochastic point of view. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the integrated equations of the depth-averaged hydraulic head and integrated specific discharge, which are developed by integrating the continuity equation and equation for the specific discharge over the thickness, respectively. A spectrally based perturbation approach is used to arrive at the general results for the statistics of the flow fields in the Fourier domain, such as the variance of the depth-averaged head, and the mean and variance of integrated discharge. However, the closed-form expressions are obtained under the condition of steady unidirectional mean flow in the horizontal plane. In developing stochastic solutions, the input hydraulic conductivity parameter is viewed as a spatial random field characterized by the theoretical spatial covariance function. The evaluation of the closed-form solutions focuses on the influence of the controlling parameters, namely as a geometrical parameter defining the variation of the aquifer thickness and the correlation scale of log hydraulic conductivity, on the variability of the fluid fields. The application of the present stochastic theory to predict the total specific discharge under uncertainty using the field data is also provided.
Le droit suisse des sociétés en 2020 : Modifications législatives et jurisprudence
Authors: Canapa Damiano , Grisoni Arthur , Antonoff Marine 
Published: September 2021

Cette contribution propose un aperçu des principales modifications législatives intervenues durant l’année 2020 en droit suisse des sociétés, ainsi que de la jurisprudence du Tribunal fédéral rendue pendant la même période. La section consacrée aux modifications législatives (chiffre I.) présente en particulier, de manière succincte, la modification du droit de la société anonyme [SA] adoptée le 19 juin 2020. Les résumés de jurisprudence font l’objet de la section suivante (chiffre II.) ; les arrêts sont classés par forme de société. Après la présentation des arrêts publiés au recueil des ATF, les arrêts sont classés par ordre chronologique.
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Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Gesetzesänderungen im Schweizer Gesellschaftsrecht im Jahr 2020 sowie über die bundesgerichtliche Rechtsprechung im selben Zeitraum. Der Abschnitt über Gesetzesänderungen stellt die am 19. Juni 2020 verabschiedete Änderung der Bestimmungen zur Aktiengesellschaft (AG) dar. Der nächste Abschnitt enthält Zusammenfassungen der Rechtsprechung, wobei die Entscheidungen nach Gesellschaftsform geordnet sind. Nach der Vorstellung der in der amtlichen BGE-Sammlung veröffentlichten Entscheide werden die übrigen Urteile in chronologischer Reihenfolge aufgeführt.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA ESPIRITUALIDADE NA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR
Authors: Pires Rosirene Alves , Magalhães Maria Helena Lustosa Rios , Silva Leidiany Souza , Figueredo Rogério Carvalho de , Silva Rafael Souza 
Published: September 2021

RESUMO A espiritualidade é um novo caminho para se promover uma assistência de qualidade a pacientes internados nas unidades de saúde e está em ascensão, uma vez que, há uma tendência moderna de se unir a ciência com a espiritualidade na busca de melhorar o processo de cura e reabilitação de pacientes. O objetivo do artigo é compreender a influência da espiritualidade na assistência de enfermagem no âmbito hospitalar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com base numa revisão narrativa da literatura, onde foram selecionados trabalhos científicos em língua portuguesa publicadas entre o período de 2012 a 2017, de fontes digitais como: LILACS, BDENF, SCIELO, BIREME, PUBMED e Google Acadêmico. Diante à magnitude da dimensão espiritual reconhecida no presente estudo, foi possível evidenciar o conforto, força e o apoio psicológico que a espiritualidade dá a indivíduos que se deparam hospitalizadas. Visto que estes necessitam de cuidados especiais e principalmente um olhar integral por parte dos profissionais que os assistem. Grande parte dos profissionais da saúde que já o aceitam sem reservas, veem a espiritualidade como uma forma coadjuvante, mas muito importante e significativa ao tratamento e busca na recuperação da saúde. Em outras palavras, nunca se deve abandonar as outras formas de tratamento em prol unicamente da espiritualidade. Ainda são necessários estudos semelhantes direcionados à pacientes com diferentes patologias e em fases distintas do adoecimento, procurando também compreender a importância do significado da espiritualidade para familiares, profissionais envolvidos no cuidado e cuidadores. Palavras-chaves: Espiritualidade na Saúde. Espiritualidade e Enfermagem. Espiritualidade Hospitalar.
Pyridine/Pyrimidine Substituted Imidazol-5-one Analogs as HIV-1 RT Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies
Authors: Mokale Santosh , Lokwani Deepak , Mujaheed Abdul 
Published: September 2021

Background:
This paper reports the synthesis, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitory
(NNRTIs) activity and computational studies of 2-((4-chloro-2-subtitutedphenoxy)
methyl)-4-(furan-2-ylmethylene)-1-substituted Pyridine/-pyrimidine-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-ones.

Methods:
The imidazol-5-one analogs were synthesized by conventional method and characterized
by FT-IR, NMR and mass spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for in-vitro NNRTI activity
by using reverse transcriptase (RT) assay kit (Roche). The in-silico docking studies were conducted
on RT enzyme to investigate binding site interactions of synthesized compounds. The MMGBSA
method was also used to calculate the binding free energy between the inhibitors and RT enzyme.
The MD simulation was further performed for the apo form of the RT enzyme and docked
complex of compound A6-RT enzyme to better understand the stability of the protein-ligand complex.

Results:
The bioactivity analysis revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed significant
inhibitory activity against RT enzyme and the IC50 value was found to be in the range of
1.76-3.88 μM. The computational studies suggest that the docked compounds form the H-bonding
with amino acid residue Lys101 and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residues Tyr188,
Tyr181, Trp229, and Tyr318, which act as the primary driving forces for protein-ligand interaction.

Conclusion:
The reported imidazol-5-one analogs can act as lead for further development of
prospective RT inhibitors.
Bridging Oral and Systemic Health in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: Case Reports and Dental Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Ritwik Priyanshi , Vu Jaclyn 
Published: September 2021

Background:Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder caused by gene alterations on chromosome 15q11-q13, resulting in hyperphagia and neuroendocrine deficits. A comprehensive guide for dental treatment for PWS is lacking despite numerous case reports. The objective of this report was to develop a problem-focused list of the interrelationship between oral and systemic parameters of PWS and enable dentists in anticipating the unique treatment needs of children and individuals with PWS.Methods:Four pediatric patients with PWS presenting to an academic dental clinic were evaluated. A literature review spanning the last twenty years was performed to identify the pathophysiological impact of systemic problems on dental health and treatment.Results:The four cases along with cases from the literature were used to enumerate salient oro-dental and systemic features influencing treatment decisions in dentistry. They formed the basis for collective recommendations and precautions for rendering dental treatment in patients with PWS.Conclusion:Sedation for dental treatment is contraindicated due to obesity (BMI over 95th percentile), hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and respiratory limitations (restricted ventilation due to weight on thoracic cage). Prolonged recovery from general anesthesia, OSA, and temperature dysregulation necessitate extended monitoring after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Orthopedic problems and respiratory limitations exclude protective stabilization. Xerostomia and acidic saliva necessitate recommendations for oral rehydrating products. Periodontal assessment is necessary due to poor oral hygiene and diabetes mellitus. Early establishment of a dental home and risk-based frequency of dental care should address caries prevention and restorative needs.
A Review of Diagnostic Reference Levels in Computed Tomography
Authors: Ozsahin Ilker , Dawd Jemal Edris , Ozsahin Dilber Uzun 
Published: September 2021

:
Computed Tomography (CT) scanning generates 3-D images of the inside structures of
the body by delivering a comparative radiation dose to the patient. This requires great concern of
optimization via establishing Diagnostic Reference Level (DRL). DRL values can be estimated
based on reference patient percentiles (such as 90th, 75th, and 50th) dose distribution. DRL has significant
uses in professional judgments by generating harmonized evidence about the radiation dose
received by the patient. The primary goal of this review is to assess the practical application of
DRL in CT procedures internationally. The main objective of establishing DRLs is to optimize the
patient dose without compromising the image quality in order to obtain adequate diagnostic information.
That means the inescapability of DRL for a country in medical diagnosis is to reduce the
limitation of dose dispersion, to harmonize and expand the good practice, to narrow large dispersion
of doses, and to create systematic supervision for unwanted radiological doses. The review presents
that international records have a wide range of mean dose distributions due to the variation of
exam protocols and technical parameters in use. Hence, this review recommends that each CT
health facility are required to exercise careful dose reduction strategies by accounting for adequate
image quality with sufficient diagnostic information via follow-up of concerned bodies.