bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of brief immersion in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and/or copper sulphate on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) blood parameters
Authors: Rożyński Maciej , Sikora Agnieszka , Demska-Zakęś Krystyna , Zakęś Zdzisław 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Research focusing on the effects of chemotherapeutics on the physiological state of fish determines their application in aquaculture. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) and/or copper sulphate (CuSO4) on the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (body weight – 346.42 ± 44.82 g; body length – 29.8 ± 1.3 cm) during rearing in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Three groups of fish were subjected to treatment with NaCl (5 g/L), CuSO4 (1.5 mg/L), and NaCl+CuSO4 (5 g/L + 1.5 mg/L). Blood was drawn 0, 24 and 48 h following immersion. Significant differences were noted immediately following the conclusion of immersion: mean corpuscular volume (MCV; elevated values in the NaCl+CuSO4 group) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; elevated values in the NaCl group). Immediately following fish exposure in all three experimental groups (0 h), significantly elevated glucose and lactic acid levels were recorded as were lowered levels of chloride ions (Cl-). After 24 and 48 h, significant differences were observed in Cl-. In the NaCl group lowered levels of this parameter were sustained after 48 h, while in the other two groups this was sustained for 24 h. It was confirmed that the physiological impact on the pikeperch of the prophylactic bath in sodium chloride and/or copper sulphate was short and that the treatments did not have a significant impact on the health condition of pikeperch.
Dietary silymarin, Silybum marianum extract ameliorates cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Al-Shawi Sarmad Ghazi , Yousif Asraa Yacoob , Al-Younis Zena Kadhim , Shichiyakh Rustem Adamovich , Zekiy Angelina Olegovna , Naserabad Saeid Shahbazi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effects of silymarin extract (SIE) on cadmium chloride toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four experimental groups were considered for the experiment including: SIE0 (control): non-SIE-supplemented fish, SIE1: fish supplemented with 400 mg SIE/kg diet, SIE2: fish supplemented with 1400 mg SIE/kg diet, SIE3: fish supplemented with 2400 mg SIE/kg diet. Fish were fed experimental diet for 60 days and then exposed to cadmium chloride (1.5 mg/l or 25% of LC50-96 h) and antioxidant defense components and the survival rate assayed. After 60 days feeding trial, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels significantly increased (P<0.01) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments compared to those in control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) (P>0.01) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels (P>0.01) remained unchanged during the feeding period in all treatments. Hepatic catalase (CAT) in all SIE supplemented groups and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in 1400–2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatments significantly elevated (P<0.01) in response to SIE. Plasma levels of hepatic metabolic enzymes [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] remained unchanged (P>0.01) in all experimental groups over feeding period. After exposure to cadmium chloride, TAC levels were significantly elevated (P<0.01) in all experimental groups. In control and 400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment, TAC showed lower levels (P<0.01) compared to other groups. MDA levels were significantly increased (P<0.01) in control and fish supplemented with 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. TAC in the fish of 2400 mg SIE/kg diet treatment remained unchanged (P>0.01), following the exposure. CAT (P<0.01), SOD (P<0.01) and GPx (P<0.01) were significantly elevated in response to cadmium chloride in all groups. However, the treatments, 1400 and 2400 mg SIE/kg diet, showed lower increases (P<0.01) of enzymes. AChE activity (P<0.01) in the liver were significantly decreased in control and fish fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. Exposure to cadmium significantly increased (P<0.01) the plasma levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in control and those fed 400 and 1400 mg SIE/kg diet. The findings of the current study indicated that SIE at a rate of 1400–2400mg/kg diet might enhance antioxidant defense and protect hepatocytes against toxic effects of cadmium.
A blend of herbal essential oils enhanced the growth performance, blood bio-immunology traits, and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Magouz Fawzy I. , Shehab El-Din Mohammed T. , Amer Asem A. , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , El-Dahdoh Wafaa A. , Dawood Mahmoud A.O. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nile tilapia were fed four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ml/kg) of a liquid blend of herbal essential oils (EOs) containing carvacrol, oregano, 1,8 cineol, thymol, pinene, pinene β, limonene, and propylene glycol for 60 days. The results showed higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (P<0.05) in fish delivered 0.25 and 0.5 ml EOs/kg than the control. However, the feed conversion ratio was markedly reduced in fish fed 0.5 and 1 ml EOs/kg (P<0.05). Lipase showed enhanced activity in fish subjected to a blend of EOs, while fish fed 0.5 ml/kg of EOs blend had higher amylase activity (P<0.05) than the other levels. Lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase showed a higher value in fish that received 0.5 ml EOs/kg. Additionally, phagocytic and catalase activities were enhanced in fish that received 0.5 and 1 ml/kg while phagocytic index was enhanced in fish fed 1 ml/kg (P<0.05). Interestingly, the total immunoglobulin level was markedly higher, while malondialdehyde was lower in EOs-subjected fish (P<0.05) than in control. The histomorphology appearance of the intestine, liver, and spleen was enriched in EOs-treated fish compared to the control fish. In conclusion, the growth performance, feed efficiency, and blood bio-immunological indices were best in fish fed 0.5–1 ml of EOs blend per kg.
Relationship between polymorphism within Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 gene (PGLYRP1) and somatic cell counts in milk of Holstein cows
Authors: Zabolewicz Tadeusz , Puckowska Paulina , Brym Paweł , Oleński Kamil , Kamiński Stanisław 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Bovine peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLY RP1) is an important receptor that binds to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria and is, therefore, involved in innate immunity. The SNP T>C rs68268284 located in the 1st exon of the PGLYRP1 gene was identified by the PCR-RFLP method in a population of 319 Holstein cows. Somatic cell count (SC) was measured 7–10 times in each of three completed lactations to investigate whether the PGLYRP1 polymorphism is associated with SC. Using the GLM model, it was found that cows with the TT genotype showed significantly lower somatic cell counts than those with the CC genotype during the first lactation (P = 0.023). Moreover, during lactations 1–2 and 1–3, cows with the TT genotype reveal significantly lower SCC than CT heterozygotes, at P = 0.025 and P = 0.006, respectively. Computer-aided analysis showed that rs68268284 polymorphism could modify the PGLY RP1 functions because the mutated residue is located in a domain that is important for the binding of other molecules.
Evaluation of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax
Authors: Özel Osman Tolga , Çakmak Eyüp , Gürkan Selin Ertürk , Coskun İsa , Türe Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (EO) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histomorphology, and intestinal microbiota of the Black Sea salmon juvenile (Salmo labrax). Fish were fed diets different levels of oregano EO such as 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg−1. For this purpose, a total of 675 fish were distributed randomly in triplicate into 5 experiment groups in 15 experiment tanks. Fish with average initial weights of 3.52±0.01 g were fed by hand at 3% of live weight for 90 days. At the end of the study, feeding with oregano EO supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of fish. Except for pepsin, there were no significant differences in the activity of digestive enzymes among the control and oregano EO groups. Besides, oregano EO at the doses of 50 or 400 mg kg−1 may have the potential to increase the surface area required for digestion by increasing intestinal villi length. Moreover, all doses of oregano EO showed antimicrobial properties by decreasing the count of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. Supplementation with 100 and 200 mg kg−1 oregano EO in diets decreased the total coliform, Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria counts when compared to the control group. The results showed that oregano EO may positively affect digestion and absorption without adverse effects on the growth performance of Black Sea salmon juvenile.
Hermetia illucens fat affects the gastrointestinal tract selected microbial populations, their activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens
Authors: Kierończyk Bartosz , Rawski Mateusz , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Leciejewska Natalia , Józefiak Damian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (BSFL) fat, derived using supercritical CO2 extraction and added to broiler chickens’ diets as a partial (50%) or total replacement for commonly used soybean oil, on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial population, its activity, and selected physiological and immune traits. A total of 576 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 16 replicates each. The following treatments were applied: SO – 100% soybean oil, BSFL50 – a mixture of BSFL and soybean oils in a 50:50 ratio, and BSFL100 – 100% BSFL fat. Digesta samples from the crop, jejunum and caeca were collected for further analyses, i.e., pH measurements, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Additionally, the selected plasma biochemical parameters and immunological traits were assessed. In general, the implementation of BSFL fat in broilers’ diets resulted in increased proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacterial populations in the crop, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides–Prevotella cluster, and Clostridium perfringens. Furthermore, BSFL100 enhanced microbial activity via total SCFA production and lowered the pH in this segment. However, no detrimental effects were observed in terms of other GIT segments, i.e., the jejunal and cecal microecosystems. The strongest impact on reduction of select components of the microbial population in the cecum was observed with the BSFL50 treatment for potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides–Prevotella cluster, while commensal populations were also limited, i.e., Bacillus spp., C. leptum subgroup, and C. coccoides–Eubacterium rectale cluster. Additionally, BSFL100 reduced the cholesterol concentration in the blood, while both experimental treatments decreased the ALT level. In conclusion, due to the insufficient release of lauric acid from the BSFL fat in the crop, an adverse shift in the microbiota can be noted. However, a positive suppressive effect on the select components of the cecal microbiota, as well as improvement of liver health suggests implying the BSFL fat in broiler nutrition.
The First Insight Into Full-Fat Superworm (Zophobas morio) Meal in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) Diets: A Study on Multiple-Choice Feeding Preferences and Growth Performance
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Rawski Mateusz , Homska Natalia , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Kierończyk Bartosz , Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Wachowiak Roksana , Hetmańczyk Katarzyna , Mazurkiewicz Jan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Insect meals are sustainable alternative protein sources in animal nutrition. However, the data on their application in petfood and ornamental fish nutrition are scarce. Thus the present study was undertaken to assess their usability in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) diets. The first experiment aimed to investigate the attractiveness of select insect meals for guppies, and the second evaluated superworm (Zophobas morio) meal monodiet effects. The first experiment (free-choice feeding test) lasted five days. Fish were given a choice between four attractants: fish meal, black soldier fly (Hermetia illuces) meal (HI), Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal (MC), and superworm (Zophobas morio) meal (ZM). The preliminary part of the study showed that the most frequently chosen attractant throughout the entire free-choice feeding test period was ZM. Based on the obtained results, the second part of the study was designed as a growth test with the use of a ZM monodiet compared to commercial feed. The experiment lasted 90 days, and 150 guppy fry were used. The fish were randomly divided into two groups (CON – commercial feed, ZM – Zophobas morio meal). No effects of dietary treatment were found in terms of survival rate, fish body length, or fish body length gain. The present study shows that ZM was the most preferred attractant and that a monodiet based on insect meal can be successfully applied in guppy fry nutrition.
Correlations between first order echotextural characteristics and chemical composition of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens receiving different dietary fat supplements
Authors: Ahmadi Bahareh , Jamieson Mark , Ahmadi Behnaz , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Nowak Joanna , Murawski Maciej , Małopolska Martyna , Schwarz Tomasz , Bartlewski Pawel M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study examined the quantitative relationships among ultrasonographic image attributes and chemical composition of the pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens that received four different dietary fat supplements (Group SO: soybean oil; Group FO: flaxseed oil; Group SO+FO: soybean oil+flaxseed oil; and Group BT: beef tallow; n=10 birds/group). Ultrasonograms of birds’ pectoral muscles, in a transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) plane, were obtained just before slaughter at 6 weeks of age and were subjected to digital image analyses to determine mean pixel intensity (MPI) and pixel heterogeneity values (standard deviation of numerical pixel values; MPH; a.k.a first order echotextural characteristics). Thirty-eight chemical characteristics of the muscles were determined post-mortem (crude fat, protein, and dry matter as well as fatty acid profiles) and were analyzed for correlations with the echotextural variables. A total of 12 (L-MPI: 7; L-MPH: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation), 5 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 2; and T-MPI: 1 correlation), 15 (L-MPI: 10; T-MPI: 4; and T-MPH: 1 correlation) and 8 (L-MPI: 2; L-MPH: 1; and T-MPH: 5 correlations) significant correlations were recorded in Groups SO, FO, SO+FO and BT, respectively. When the data were pooled for all 40 birds studied, significant correlations with echotextural attributes were recorded for eighteen different chemical constituents, with the strongest overall correlation found between crude fat content and T-MPI (r=0.52, P=0.0005). In conclusion, there exists a potential application for ultrasonographic imaging in situ combined with computerized image analysis to estimate certain chemical constituents of pectoralis major muscles in broiler chickens. However, the existence and strength of correlations among ultrasonographic image attributes and muscle composition are affected by the source of dietary fat and relative abundance (“threshold concentrations”) of individual chemical components.
A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Urban Spaces
Authors: Nia Hourakhsh Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID-19, evidently the world’s worst pandemic during the last two centuries, has predicated several challenges for urban designers, especially in their bid to find appropriate designing strategies. Even though there are umpteenth studies in the literature that have focused on the different aspects of COVID-19 related pandemics, very scant studies sought to find appropriate mitigating strategies in designing pandemic friendly urban spaces. Thus, through qualitative grounded theory as a main methodological approach, this study hypothesized that the COVID-19 induced pandemic has direct effects on the liveability of public spaces. Accordingly, by developing a comprehensive review of the literature on the environmental and socio-economic effects of the pandemic, this study proposed a comprehensive framework for understanding its side effects and a comprehensive mitigating strategy to deal with it in the short and long term of designing a healthy urban environment.
Experimental Investigation of the Wettability of Protective Glove Materials: A Biomimetic Perspective
Authors: Irzmańska Emilia , Jastrzębska Aleksandra , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Adamus-Włodarczyk Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the surface wettability of commercially available polymeric protective gloves, as well as to determine the effects of their surface topography in conjunction with the glove material on the hydrophobic properties of the final products, together with surface free energy (SFE) and work of adhesion.
The geometric structures imparted to the surface led to different levels of hydrophobicity and SFE. Most of the studied materials were characterized by good wettability properties. It was shown that a textured surface topography affects wettability. The highest SFE was found for nitrile butadiene rubber materials. All materials except for nitrile butadiene rubber exhibited good hydrophobic properties and relatively low work of adhesion.
Shrinking agricultural land and changing livelihoods after land acquisition in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tuan Nguyen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The phenomenon of agricultural land shrinkage is widespread in the world. This phenomenon has many causes, of which industrialisation is one. The industrialisation process is supported in most countries by the use of land acquisition as a tool to convert land use from agricultural to non-agricultural. This research surveyed 100 land-lost households to examine the impact of farmland shrinkage on their livelihoods in Vietnam. The study focuses on three factors: employment and income, how compensation money is used, and quality of life after land loss. The results show that revenue increased by USD 1,500 per household compared to before. The rate of employment depends on age and gender. There is a drop in employment among women over 35 years old and men over 40. The use of compensation money focuses on non-farm goals, with the bright spot being an investment in education for future generations. The environment and society tend to be worse according to the subjective assessment of households, but their ultimate choice is still to enjoy life after land acquisition.
The influence of transport offer on passenger traffic in the railway transport system in a post-socialist country: case study of Poland
Authors: Jurkowski Wojciech , Smolarski Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study examines factors influencing the number of rail passengers in Poland. The subjects of observation were 62 cities with poviat rights. The main factors influencing demand are the number of connections and the speed of trains. Therefore, we developed an original indicator – weighted number of connections, which takes into account the number of rail connections and the speed of trains. The article can be divided into two main parts: an assessment of the diversification of transport offer and transport demand in spatial terms, and an evaluation of the relationship between the variables. Poland has a large spatial diversity in terms of public rail transport offer and passenger traffic. There are three levels of city hierarchy according to the passenger number indicator: [1] Warsaw, [2] the largest agglomerations [3] other regional cities. Transport offer was found to have a statistically significant impact on transport demand.
Growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) reared on diets containing Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae meal
Authors: Nairuti Rita N. , Munguti Jonathan M. , Waidbacher Herwig , Zollitsch Werner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A 72-day feeding trial was conducted at Sagana fish farm to assess the effects of substitution of fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia. Four test diets were formulated and substitution of FM by BSFLM made at 0%, 33%, 67% and 100%. 240 male Nile tilapia (52.3 ± 0.29 g) were divided into 4 groups (4 replicates) each and were placed in 16 hapa nets (15 fish/hapa), mounted in an 800 m2 earthen pond. Fish were fed twice per day at 5% of the body weight. Sampling of the fish was done biweekly; mortalities were recorded daily while the physico-chemical parameters were monitored weekly. The growth performance and survival rates of the Nile tilapia were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between treatments. In conclusion, the present study indicates that full fat BSFLM can replace up to 100% of the FM without negative effects on the growth performance and survival rates of Nile tilapia, although the slight trend towards reduced growth for the 100% substitution diet points at the need for future studies on increasing the nutritional value of BSFLM, for example, by further processing.
Multidisziplinäre Untersuchungen zur nachhaltigen Stickstoffdüngung unter Berücksichtigung der Möglichkeiten der satellitengestützten Präzisionslandwirtschaft
Authors: Essl Laura , Atzberger Clement , Sandén Taru , Spiegel Heide , Blasch Julia , Vuolo Francesco 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im Forschungsprojekt FATIMA (FArming Tools for external nutrient Inputs and water MAnagement) wurde ein integrierter Ansatz für die Optimierung des Stickstoffmanagements in der Landwirtschaft gewählt. Neben der technischen Komponente, die die Verarbeitung von Sentinel-2-Satellitendaten umfasste, wurden auch die sozio-ökonomischen Aspekte eines verbesserten Nährstoff-managements untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass LandwirtInnen vor allem an zeitnahen Applikationskarten zur teilflächenspezifischen Stickstoffausbringung interessiert sind. Im Zuge des Projekts wurde nicht nur ein Feldversuch für die Validierung der Satellitendaten als Grundlage einer ökonomischen Analyse angelegt, sondern auch eine funktionierende Online-Anwendung für teilflächenspezifische Stickstoffdüngung, basierend auf aktuellen und historischen Satellitenbildern, entwickelt und getestet.