bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El arbitraje internacional de inversiones y la lucha internacional contra la corrupción
Authors: Carbajal Valenzuela Christian , Mendoza Neyra Yolanda 
Published: June 2021

En los arbitrajes internacionales de inversión, usualmente se niega la protección internacional a las inversiones efectuadas mediante actos de corrupción al declararse la mayoría de tribunales arbitrales de inversión sin jurisdicción o inadmisibles las demandas. Estas decisiones, inevitablemente, en forma indirecta, conllevan a la exoneración de responsabilidad internacional de los Estados demandados por la corrupción de sus funcionarios públicos, aun cuando estos delitos no se configuran de manera unilateral pues existe, en la mayoría de los casos, responsabilidad compartida entre el inversionista y el Estado. Al no sancionarse la corrupción, se agrava la actual crisis del sistema de solución de controversias de inversión, la misma que, por el contrario, requiere de soluciones consensuadas y urgentes que garanticen una reforma seria y sostenible.
Ante este preocupante escenario, se examinan en este artículo mecanismos para lograr la confluencia entre el derecho internacional de las inversiones, el derecho internacional anticorrupción y las normas internacionales sobre responsabilidad internacional de los Estados por hechos ilícitos. Sostenemos que si se comprueban comportamientos ilícitos de funcionarios públicos, dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada caso, los tribunales arbitrales de inversión deben pronunciarse sobre la responsabilidad internacional de los Estados demandados por incumplir las obligaciones emanadas de los tratados internacionales anticorrupción y de inversión. Asimismo, dependiendo del caso, deben sancionar a inversionistas y Estados, puesto que ambas partes podrían ser responsables de la comisión de delitos de corrupción.
Reconociendo las limitaciones propias de las facultades de los tribunales arbitrales, es posible afirmar que estos no deben mantenerse al margen de la lucha internacional contra la corrupción, conforme a lo acordado por la comunidad internacional en los tratados existentes sobre la materia, siendo esto lo que ocurre cuando se declaran sin jurisdicción, evitando pronunciarse sobre los actos de corrupción identificados en el caso concreto.
PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS MAHASISWA CALON GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI GENDER DAN GAYA BELAJAR
Authors: Turmuzi Muhammad , Kurniati Nani , Azmi Syahrul 
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan secara lengkap kompetensi mahasiswa dalam memahami konsep matematis pada mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar dilihat dari gender dan gaya belajar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Universitas Mataram. Informasi yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan informasi sekunder. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah informan, khususnya mahasiswa, dan sumber tambahan adalah dokumentasi terkait pemahaman mahasiswa tentang konsep matematis. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes gaya belajar dan uji coba kemampuan memahami konsep matematis. Untuk mengetahui gaya belajar mahasiswa digunakan angket tes gaya belajar yang terdiri dari angket gaya belajar visual, gaya belajar auditorial dan angket gaya belajar kinestetik. Untuk mengukur pemahaman konsep matematis mahasiswa digunakan soal ujian semester. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah nilai rata-rata pemahaman konsep matematis mahasiswa ditinjau dari gender dan gaya belajar, secara spesifik: a) Visual (laki-laki 67,50 dan perempuan 80,55); b) Auditorial (laki-laki 72,50 dan perempuan 83,57); Kinestetik (Pria 72.50 dan Wanita 80.00); Auditorial-Kinestetik (wanita 80.00) Kata kunci: Konsep Matematis, Gender, Gaya Belajar Abstract:The purpose of this study was to describe completely the competence of students in understanding mathematical concepts of prospective elementary school teacher students in terms of gender and learning styles. The subjects of this study were students of the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program, Mataram University. The information collected in this study is primary data and secondary information. Primary data in this study were informants, especially students, and additional sources were documentation related to students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The instrument used was a learning style test and a test of the ability to understand mathematical concepts.To determine student learning styles, a learning style test questionnaire was used which consisted of a visual learning style questionnaire, an auditory learning style and a kinesthetic learning style questionnaire. To measure students' understanding of mathematical concepts, semester exam questions are used. The conclusion of this study is the average value of students' understanding of mathematical concepts in terms of gender and learning style, specifically: a) Visual (male 67.50 and female 80.55); b) Auditorial (male 72.50 and female 83.57); Kinesthetic (Male 72.50 and Female 80.00); Auditorial-Kinesthetic (female 80.00). Keywords: Mathematical Concepts, Gender, Learning Styles
Factors Affecting The Effectiveness of Application Local Regulation of Cigarette Free Areas in Puskesmas Balangan District
Authors: Rusandy Herry , Muhyi Ruslan , Widyamala Erida , Husaini Husaini , Marlinae Lenie 
Published: June 2021

Indonesia is the third country of smokers in the world. It increases disease and death by 50% in developing countries. WHO launched "No Smoking Areas" in public places. The purpose of this study was analyzing the socialization, budget, policies, and compliance in the effectiveness of implementing the Regulation on KTR in Balangan Regency. The research subjects were male health services officers in 10 accredited Puskesmas in Balangan Regency with total of 59 people, which determined sample size of 42 people. The method used cross-sectional. Data were analyzed by chi square and logistic regression. The results are there is an effect of socialization on effectiveness of implementing the Regional Regulation on KTR (0.008); there is an influence of budget on effectiveness of implementing Regional Regulation on KTR (p = 0.080); there is a policy influence on effectiveness of the implementation of Regional Regulation on KTR (0.003); there is an effect of compliance with effectiveness of implementing Regional Regulation on KTR (0.016); The most dominant influence is policy with a value of p = 0.004 and exp (B) = 43.530. The conclusion is there is an effect of socialization, policy and compliance with the effectiveness of implementing the Perda KTR with the dominant variable is policy.
Способи оптимізації SQL–запитів для поліпшення роботи з базою даних в високонавантажених системах
Authors: Корнага Я. , Базака Ю. , Мар’єнко Є. 
Published: June 2021

Вирази SQL використовуються для отримання інформації з бази даних.В більшості випадків ці запити виконуються дуже повільно, причиною цього є низька якість їх написання. Для кращої роботи нам потрібно використовувати більш швидші та ефективні запити. У цій статті показано як можна оптимізувати SQL–запити для кращої продуктивності. Тема оптимізації запитів дуже широка, але ми спробуємо охопити найважливіші аспекти цього питання. У цій роботі я не зосереджуюсь на глибокому аналізі бази даних, а приділяю увагу простим підказкам та рекомендаціях щодо налаштування запитів, які можна застосувати для негайного збільшення продуктивності.
Бібл. 6, іл. 5
Апріорний аналіз точності виведення ракети космічного призначення на екваторіальну орбіту
Authors: Голубек О. 
Published: June 2021

Стаття присвячена апріорному аналізу точності виведення супутника в перший висхідний вузол близької до колової орбіти висотою 500 км ракетою космічного призначення легкого класу в умовах дії стохастичних збурень комплексу командних приладів, характеристик рушійної установки, масових і аеродинамічних характеристик. Виявлені визначальні збурюючі фактори, що впливають на точність виведення супутника в першому висхідному вузлу автономного польоту і масу залишків компонентів палива в момент відділення супутника від ракети космічного призначення. Для двох режимів роботи безплатформної інерціальної навігаційної системи без комплексування супутниковою навігаційною системою і з в умовах дії збурень визначені розподіли відхилень оскулюючих параметрів орбіти супутника в першому висхідному вузлу автономного польоту, досліджена зміна трубки траєкторій ракети космічного призначення від часу польоту, визначений розподіл відхилення маси компонентів палива в момент відділення супутника від ракети космічного призначення.
Бібл. 23, іл. 10, табл. 5.
Analysis of Placement Conditions on Roads and Characteristics of Railway Crossings in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kapskiy D. V. , Kot E. N. , Bogdanovich S. V. , Rybinskiy A. G. , Ibrayev K. 
Published: June 2021

Road traffic accidents of vehicles with a rolling stock of railways lead to the most serious consequences. Many level crossings are places of long delays of vehicles both before and after the traffic. In this case and in many others, the intersections of highways with railways sharply limit the capacity of the highway. Level crossings require the utmost attention of the traffic organization, since they must include not only devices for the movement of cars, but also pedestrian and sidings. Despite the fact that the problem of road traffic accidents at level crossings is not new, research and analysis of statistics in this area continues around the world. The paper considers the level crossings on the Republican highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research has been carried out on ways to improve traffic safety at such crossings. The situation at the level crossings of the roads of Republican significance, as well as possible restrictions and regulatory requirements, have been studied in the paper. The paper presents results of a detailed collection of data at the facilities, which will serve as the basis for the development of a detailed program for improving the regulatory and technical base of the road sector in Kazakhstan to improve the safety of road transport infrastructure, taking into account existing standards. Recommendations are given for the implementation and generalization of advanced international experience in organizing road traffic at railway crossings, which will contribute to the adaptation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the development of transport and communications.
Model-Based Simulation Approach for Pre-Front End Engineering Design Studies for Subsea Field Architecture Development
Authors: Mnasri Hamdi , Franchek Matthew A. , Wassar Taoufik , Tang Yingjie , Meziou Amine 
Published: June 2021

Summary
Presented is a model-based methodology identifying subsea field architectures that satisfy prespecified multiphysics constraints. The proposed methodology prioritizes the identified subsea system using a multiobjective optimization approach considering two objective functions, which are minimizing pressure drop reflecting the maximization of production flow rates and minimizing capital expenditures. The architecture solutions produce manifolds positioning and optimal pipeline routing/sizing. A convex combination approach creates the multiobjective optimization criterion enabling weighting among constraints such as hydraulic, topological, structural, and flow assurance, as well as technical issues and financial limitations. The optimization problem is computationally solved using a hybrid method with a global multistart algorithm that combines a scatter search process with a gradient-based local nonlinear problem solver. A case study is provided to test the proposed methodology including the effect of varying the weights among the constraints. This deep-dive analysis demonstrates the potential offered by the proposed methodology, illustrated by the ability to perform several investigations such as wells-grouping analysis and insulation effect on the overall optimization procedure, as well as to provide a tracking tool for flow-assurance factors, namely erosion and corrosion rates along the subsea layout. Hence, we present a demonstration of the capabilities of the proposed model-based subsea field layout optimization procedure.
Development and validation of 107 SNP markers in Todarodes pacificus (Ommastrephidae)
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Hu Xingxing , Lu Huajie , Liu Yang , Wang Congcong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Todarodes pacificus is a commercially important squid species; however, there is little information available regarding the population genetics of this species and effective molecular markers are still unavailable. In the present study, 107 novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0345 to 0.5862 and 0.0339 to 0.4994, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.0333 to 0.3747. Among these SNPs, all loci have been confirmed to fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). The novel SNPs developed in this study will be helpful for the genetic conservation and scientific management of Todarodes pacificus.
High-Efficiency Organogenesis and Evaluation of the Regenerated Plants by Flow Cytometry of a Broad Range of Saccharum Spp. Hybrids (Sugarcane)
Authors: Nogueira Gabriela , Luis Zanderluce , Salles Leila , Pasqual Moacir , Scherwinski-Pereira Jonny 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the organogenic potential of Brazilian sugarcane varieties, in addition to verifying the in vitro multiplication rate and genetic stability by flow cytometry over monthly and consecutive subcultures. Thus, stem apices of twenty-two varieties were collected in the field and taken to the laboratory where external layers of leaves were removed. After disinfection, the achlorophyllous portion was sectioned and placed on MS medium with 5.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 KIN. For multiplication rate assessments, ten varieties were selected and inoculated in of liquid or semi-solid MS medium with 0.10 mg L-1 KIN and 0.20 mg L-1 BAP, and subcultured every 30 days for a period up to 8 months. Genetic stability was verified by flow cytometry every two subcultures. At the end of the experiment, sprouts were rooted and acclimatized in a greenhouse. Regeneration occurred both by direct and indirect organogenesis, and the sugarcane varieties differed significantly in their regeneration capacity and number of adventitious shoots formed. For multiplication, a significant interaction was observed between variety, consistency of the culture medium and number of subcultures. In general, in the first subcultures, the liquid medium gave similar or better results compared with semi-solid medium; however, from the fourth transplanting onward, the semi-solid medium was superior. Morphological variations were verified from the fourth subculture. In addition, in some varieties, small changes in the relative DNA content were detected by flow cytometry. Sprouts of normal-looking sugarcane were successfully rooted and acclimatized after the eighth subculture.
Assessment the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Through Mamdani Fuzzy Water Quality Index
Authors: Asgari Ghorban , Komijani Ensieh , Seid-Mohammadi Abdolmotaleb , Khazaei Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this investigation, an innovative index was developed based on the fuzzy inference system for assessing the quality of bottled drinking waters. A method was developed to aggregate the values obtained from the defuzzification step. A total number of 24 quality parameters revealing the characteristics of bottled were in terms of physiochemical, dietary, toxic, and pathogenic aspects were selected as the input parameters. 30 samples were taken from the independent brands found in the Hamadan province retail market to evaluate the bottled water quality index (BWQI). Results show that the values obtained from measuring the parameters are in the range of the standard levels set by national regulations. The BWQI scores obtained from samples were in the range of 61.2–73.8 attributing to the marginal and fair descriptive classes. Sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo algorithm reveals that the parameters NO3, Na, hardness, and NO2 have the most impact on the BWQI scores.
Inverse Fuzzy Multigraphs and Planarity with Application in Decision-making
Authors: Borzooei Rajab Ali , Almallah R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, in [3], we defined the concept of inverse fuzzy graph as a generalization of graph, which is able to answer some problems that graph theory and fuzzy graph theory can not explain. Now, in this paper we define the notion of inverse fuzzy multigraph and the concept of planarity on it by using the concepts of intersecting value and inverse fuzzy planarity value. Then we introduce some related theorems which determining upper bounds and lower bounds for the inverse fuzzy planarity value. After that we define the strong (weak) planarity of an inverse fuzzy multigraph and investigate related results. Finally, we give an application of inverse fuzzy multigraphs to decision-making how to reduce the cost of travel tours.
Potential Anti-Fouling Properties of Extracts from the Mediterranean Sponge Ircinia Oros: An Ecotoxicological Screening
Authors: De Marchi Lucia , Pretti Carlo , Cuccaro Alessia , Oliva Matteo , Tardelli Federica , Monni Gianfranca , Magri Michele , Bulleri Fabio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The phylum Porifera and their symbionts produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds, playing a central role in their ecology and evolution. In this study, four different extracts (obtained by non-polar and semi-polar extraction methodologies) from the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia oros were tested for their potential antifouling purposes. The evaluation was performed using three different target species, associated with three different endpoints: the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (inhibition of bioluminescence), the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (inhibition of growth) and different development stages of the brackish-water serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus (gametes: sperm motion, vitality inhibition and cellular damage; larvae: development; adults: AChE (acetylcholinesterase)-inhibitory activity). Effects of extracts were species-specific and did not vary among different extraction methodologies. In particular, no significant reduction of bioluminescence of A. fischeri was observed for all tested samples. By contrast, extracts inhibited P. tricornutum growth and had toxic effects on different F. enigmaticus’ developmental stages. Obtained results suggest that the proposed test battery can be considered a suitable tool as bioactivity screening of marine natural products.
Dialell Analysis for Morphoagronomic Descriptors in Physalis Angulata L. Hybrids
Authors: Farias José Williano de Souza , Orellana Jonathan Said Tejeda , Batista Edgar dos Santos , Cordeiro Rafael Cruz , Passos Adriana Rodrigues , Silva Luiz Cláudio Costa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Physalis angulata L. is an American species with edible fruits that stands out for having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. The species is found in almost the entire Brazilian territory but the consumption of its fruits is not widespread. Genetic improvement is one of the main factors that can make P. angulata a crop in Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the existence of heterosis and heterobeltiosis for morphoagronomic descriptors, to estimate correlations, and to select the best hybrids in P. angulata in a full diallel with five accession. Twenty plant, fruit and seed descriptors were evaluated, and plant height and total soluble solids showed significant genetic variation. Positive heterobeltiosis for total soluble solids was observed in hybrids Pi x G53, Can x Pi and Can x LG, while negative heterobeltiosis for plant height was observed in G53 x LG, Pi x Laj e Can x Laj hybrids. Heterosis was also observed for both descriptors. Using selection indexes, Can x G53, Can x LG, Pi x G53, Can x Pi and G53 x Pi were selected as the best hybrids, expressing smaller plant height and higher total soluble solids.
Hidden Blood Loss in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Study of 765 Cases in a Single Center
Authors: Wang Lipeng , Liu Jiangli , Song Xiaoxiao , Luo Muhui , Chen Yongquan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate Hidden blood loss (HBL) and its potential risk factors in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery and elucidate the influence of HBL on postoperative blood transfusion. Methods: We retrospectively studied 765 patients undergoing posterior spine fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis from January 2014 to December 2018. The patient’s demographics, blood loss related parameters, operation and blood loss information were extracted. The association between patient’s characteristics and HBL was analyzed by Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors associated with HBL. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of HBL on postoperative blood transfusion.Results: A total of 765 patients including 128 males and 637 females (age range 10-18 years) were included in this study. The mean amount of HBL was 693.5±473.4 ml, accounting for 53.9% of the total blood loss. In multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that preoperative Hct (p=0.003) and allogeneic blood transfusion (p<0.0001) were independent risk factors for HBL, while tranexamic acid (p=0.003) was negatively related to HBL. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that HBL > 850 ml ( P < 0.001, OR: 8.845, 95%CI: 5.806-13.290) was the independent risk factor for postoperative blood transfusion.Conclusion: a large amount of HBL was incurred in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgeries. Allogeneic blood transfusion and preoperative Hct were independent risk factors for HBL, while tranexamic acid was negatively related to HBL. HBL and its influential factors should be taken into account when considering the perioperative transfusion management. These patients with HBL greater than 850 ml should be paid more attention in case of postoperative anemia.Level of evidence: Level III
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Contributes to the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Li Naijian , Dai Zhouli , Wang Zhang , Deng Zhishan , Zhang Jiahuan , Pu Jinding , Cao Weitao , Pan Tianhui , Zhou Yumin , Yang Zhaowei , Li Jing , Li Bing , Ran Pixin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, but the contribution of gut microbes to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still poorly understood. Methods: We carried out 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid analyses in stool samples from a cohort of 73 healthy controls, 67 patients with COPD of GOLD stages I and II severity, and 32 patients with COPD of GOLD stages III and IV severity. Fecal microbiota from the three groups were then inoculated into recipient mice for a total of 14 times in 28 days to induce pulmonary changes. Furthermore, fecal microbiota from the three groups were inoculated into mice exposed to smoke from biomass fuel to induce COPD-like changes. Results: We observed that the gut microbiome of COPD patients varied from that of healthy controls and was characterized by a distinct overall microbial diversity and composition, a Prevotella-dominated gut enterotype and lower levels of short-chain fatty acids. After 28 days of fecal transplantation from COPD patients, recipient mice exhibited elevated lung inflammation. Moreover, when mice were under both fecal transplantation and biomass fuel smoke exposure for a total of 20 weeks, accelerated declines in lung function, severe emphysematous changes, airway remodeling and mucus hypersecretion were observed. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that altered gut microbiota in COPD patients is associated with disease progression in mice model.