bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground target finding mechanism for unmanned aerial vehicles to secure crop field data
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Ammad , Ayaz Muhammad , Mansour Ali , Aggoune El‐Hadi M. , El Fawal Ahmad Hani , Razzak Imran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used in many military and civil applications while their use along wireless sensors is emerging abruptly as it upgrades the network in terms of reliability, lifetime, and connectivity. The system performance and throughput can be further enhanced if the UAVs in use are capable to locate ground sensor nodes as a means to address them smartly. In typically localization, the direction of arrival of incoming signals from a target node is measured by using a uniformed linear array (ULA) of antennas having signal processing capabilities. However, adding numerous antennas (transmitter receivers set) on a UAV is an extra burden which ultimately effects its speed, flight time, agility, and payload capacity. Considering the issue, a typical ULA antenna system is modeled by using virtual phased array (VPA) antenna. In the proposed VPA, a single antenna installed on a moving UAV will achieve the desire results. The well‐known multiple signal classification algorithm is modified to adapt this virtual antenna system. Four extra modules including calibrator, virtual antenna, rectifier, and adjustment are added in classical multiple signal classification algorithm to make it enable to work with single antenna. The proposed system mitigates the existing challenges of physical ULA and improves system throughput. Furthermore, due to its virtualness, VPA can adjust the number of antenna elements and interelement spacing, which adds multifrequency support and adaptive precision mechanism. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB to verify the performance of the VPA where the proposed system is evaluated against different scenarios with a varying number of parameters. It is found that VPA gives the same resolution and precision as a physical ULA antenna but it is more flexible, user‐friendly, cost‐effective, reliable, and most importantly, does not affect the UAV characteristics.
Knowledge creation and mobility in and through futures workshops
Authors: Heino Hanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParticipatoryfutures workshopsare commonly used to create future‐oriented knowledge. It is essential to understand how to managefutures knowledgeto benefit from it and utilize it; however, it is unclear how theknowledge creationprocess is developed in futures workshops and how the created futures knowledge is mobilized by participants. These questions were answered by an empirical study using participant observation and interview methods. The results showed that futures knowledge is socially constructed through several processes, but individually interpreted, and that individual understanding and personal contacts are vital for knowledge mobilization.
A Theoretical Study on Terpene‐Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent: Relationship between Viscosity and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions
Authors: Fan Chen , Liu Yang , Sebbah Tarik , Cao Xueli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this work is to shed light on the origins of unique properties by studying the relationship between viscosity and hydrogen‐bonding interactions of terpene‐based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Five systems including camphor/formic acid, menthol/acetic acid, menthol/β‐citronellol, menthol/lactic acid, and thymol/β‐citronellol are prepared (molar ratio 1:1). Their structures and nature of the associated hydrogen bonds are investigated through multiple methods and theories. The viscosity of NADES is consistent with the product of hydrogen‐bond number and lifetime. Through visualization of non‐covalent interactions, terpene‐acid‐based NADES with single sites show the lowest viscosity among the studied systems because of weak and unstable hydrogen bonding. Inversely, multi‐site terpene‐acid‐based NADES possess relatively high viscosity. Owing to the stability of hydrogen bonds in the network, the terpene‐terpene‐based system is in the middle level of viscosity. In‐depth analysis of these hydrogen bonds shows that they can be classified as “weak to medium” and are mainly derived from electrostatic interactions. Moreover, there is an obvious connection between viscosity and hydrogen‐bonding strength (integrated core‐valence bifurcation index) in the networks. The discovery of intrinsic rules between viscosity and hydrogen‐bonding interactions is beneficial for the design of novel low‐viscosity NADES in the future.
Sedimentary unknowns constrain the current use of frequency analysis of radiocarbon data sets in forming regional models of demographic change
Authors: Ward Ingrid , Larcombe Piers 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStatistical manipulation of large radiometric data sets (big data) is increasingly applied to those grand challenges in archaeology that relate to past human‐behavioural dynamics and includes frequency analysis of radiocarbon ages (summed probability distributions [SPDs]). Australian SPD studies use the radiocarbon database “AustArch” to examine regional‐ and continental‐scale demographic change. We review Australian studies, focussing on sampling bias and taphonomic bias, finding that (i) time‐averaged radiometric data cannot simply be correlated across regions, and (ii) sedimentology imposes genuine constraints upon what can be known. Internationally, flaws in SPD use occur in all main research phases, and most importantly, at the initial phase of defining research questions, logic and general approach. Major problems stem from not planning to obtain a sound understanding of the variability of past sedimentary environments, potential occupation sites and site formation processes. Thus, cultural inferences are too often made from archaeological data without due consideration of the natural processes that may explain the data. Highlighting exemplar studies, we present practical approaches to improve SPD use for exploring changes in demography, aimed at reducing uncertainties and reconnecting archaeological, chronological, geological and sedimentary data. Most important is to increase understanding of physical processes and their control on the archaeological record.
Single‐cell transcriptomic profiling of satellite glial cells in stellate ganglia reveals developmental and functional axial dynamics
Authors: van Weperen Valerie Y. H. , Littman Russell J. , Arneson Douglas V. , Contreras Jaime , Yang Xia , Ajijola Olujimi A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStellate ganglion neurons, important mediators of cardiopulmonary neurotransmission, are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which are essential for the function, maintenance, and development of neurons. However, it remains unknown whether SGCs in adult sympathetic ganglia exhibit any functional diversity, and what role this plays in modulating neurotransmission. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing of mouse stellate ganglia (n = 8 animals), focusing on SGCs (n = 11,595 cells). SGCs were identified by high expression of glial‐specific transcripts, S100b and Fabp7. Microglia and Schwann cells were identified by expression of C1qa/C1qb/C1qc and Ncmap/Drp2, respectively, and excluded from further analysis. Dimensionality reduction and clustering of SGCs revealed six distinct transcriptomic subtypes, one of which was characterized the expression of pro‐inflammatory markers and excluded from further analyses. The transcriptomic profiles and corresponding biochemical pathways of the remaining subtypes were analyzed and compared with published astrocytic transcriptomes. This revealed gradual shifts of developmental and functional pathways across the subtypes, originating from an immature and pluripotent subpopulation into two mature populations of SGCs, characterized by upregulated functional pathways such as cholesterol metabolism. As SGCs aged, these functional pathways were downregulated while genes and pathways associated with cellular stress responses were upregulated. These findings were confirmed and furthered by an unbiased pseudo‐time analysis, which revealed two distinct trajectories involving the five subtypes that were studied. These findings demonstrate that SGCs in mouse stellate ganglia exhibit transcriptomic heterogeneity along maturation or differentiation axes. These subpopulations and their unique biochemical properties suggest dynamic physiological adaptations that modulate neuronal function.
The intergenerational effects of socioeconomic inequality on unhealthy bodyweight
Authors: Balasooriya Namal N. , Bandara Jayatilleke S. , Rohde Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe study the effects of inherited socioeconomic characteristics on markers of unhealthy bodyweight. Taking Australian microdata from 2007 to 2013, we show that approximately 4% of the variation in outcomes is determined by factors beyond an individual's control, such as their race, gender, and social class. Paternal socioeconomic status is the primary explanatory factor, with those born to more affluent fathers slightly less likely to be overweight in adulthood. Decompositions reveal that only 20%–25% of this effect is attributable to advantaged families exhibiting better health behaviors, which implies that unobserved factors also play an important role. Since diseases associated with unhealthy weight place a major strain on public healthcare systems, our results have implications for the provision of treatment when resources are constrained.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 prevalence in 1170 asymptomatic Norwegian conscripts
Authors: Borud Einar Kristian , Nakstad Espen Rostrup , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Lind Andreas , Fadum Elin Anita , Taxt Arne Michael , Steens Anneke , Gjein Gaute Eriksen , Sunde Magne Wiken , Iversen Petter , Svanevik Marius , Ahmad Babar Mushtaq , Waldow Thomas , Norheim Arne Johan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate estimates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in different population groups are important for the health authorities. In Norway, public infection control measures have successfully curbed the pandemic. However, military training and service are incompatible with these measures; therefore extended infection control measures were implemented in the Norwegian Armed Forces. We aimed to describe these measures, discuss their value, and investigate the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prevalence and seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2, as well as changes in antibody titer levels over the 6‐week military training period in a young, asymptomatic population of conscripts.MethodsIn April 2020, 1170 healthy conscripts (median age 20 years) enrolled in military training. Extended infection control measures included a pre‐enrollment telephone interview, self‐imposed quarantine, questionnaires, and serial SARS‐CoV‐2 testing. At enrollment, questionnaires were used to collect information on symptoms, and SARS‐CoV‐2 rapid antibody testing was conducted. Serial SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR and serology testing were used to estimate the prevalence of confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 and monitor titer levels at enrollment, and 3 and 6 weeks thereafter.ResultsAt enrollment, only 0.2% of conscripts were SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive, and seroprevalence was 0.6%. Serological titer levels increased nearly 5‐fold over the 6‐week observation period. Eighteen conscripts reported mild respiratory symptoms during the 2 weeks prior to enrollment (all were PCR‐negative; one was serology‐positive), whereas 17 conscripts reported respiratory symptoms and nine had fever at enrollment (all were PCR‐ and serology‐negative).ConclusionsThe prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 was less than 1% in our sample of healthy Norwegian conscripts. Testing of asymptomatic conscripts seems of no value in times of low COVID‐19 prevalence. SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titer levels increased substantially over time in conscripts with mild symptoms.
Biogeography based optimization for mining rules to assess credit risk
Authors: Giri Parimal Kumar , De Sagar S. , Dehuri Sachidananda , Cho Sung‐Bae 
Published: January 2021

SummaryFinancial institutions, by and large, rely on the use of machine learning techniques to improve the classic credit risk assessment model for reduction of costs, delivery of faster decisions, guaranteed credit collections, and risk mitigations. As such, several data mining and machine learning approaches have been developed for computation of credit scores over the last few decades. Moreover, the existing rule‐based classification algorithms tend to generate a number of rules with a large number of conditions in the antecedent part. However, these algorithms fail to demonstrate high predictive accuracy while balancing coverage and simplicity. Thus, it becomes quite a challenging task for the researchers to generate an optimal rule set with high predictive accuracy. In this paper, we present an effective rule based classification technique for the prediction of credit risk using a novel Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) method. The novel BBO in the context of rule mining is named as locally and globally tuned biogeography based rule‐miner (LGBBO‐RuleMiner). This is applied for discovering optimal rule set with high predictive accuracy from the dataset containing both the categorical and continuous attributes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared against a variety of rule‐miners such as OneR (1R), PART, JRip, Decision Table, Conjunctive Rule, J48, and Random Tree, along with some meta‐heuristic based rule mining techniques by considering two credit risk datasets obtained from University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository. It is found from the comparative study that the proposed rule miner in ten independent runs of ten‐fold cross validation outperforms all of the aforesaid algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy, coverage, and simplicity.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Saquib Quaiser , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Ansari Sabiha M. , Alwathnani Hend A. , Musarrat Javed , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPesticides have adverse effects on the cellular functionality, which may trigger myriad of health consequences. However, pesticides‐mediated toxicity in the endothelial cells (ECs) is still elusive. Hence, in this study, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model to quantify the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four pesticides (methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin). In the MTT assay, HUVECs exposed to methomyl, carbaryl, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin demonstrated significant proliferation inhibition only at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 μM). Likewise, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay also showed proliferation inhibition of HUVECs at 500 and 1000 μM by the four pesticides, confirming lysosomal fragility. HUVECs exposed to the four pesticides significantly increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Comet assay and flow cytometric data exhibited DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in HUVECs after 24 h of exposure with methomyl, metalaxyl, carbaryl, and pendimethalin. This is a first study on HUVECs signifying the cytotoxic–genotoxic and apoptotic potential of carbamate insecticides (methomyl and carbaryl), fungicide (metalaxyl), and herbicide (pendimethalin). Overall, these pesticides may affect ECs functions and angiogenesis; nonetheless, mechanistic studies are warranted from the perspective of vascular biology using in vivo test models.
Full‐field optical multi‐functional angiography based on endogenous hemodynamic characteristics
Authors: Guan Caizhong , Yi Min , Du Qianyi , Xiong Honglian , Tan Haishu , Wang Mingyi , Zeng Yaguang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBlood flow functional imaging is widely applied in biological research to provide vascular morphological and statistical parameters. It relies on the absorption difference and is, therefore, easily affected by complex biological structures, and it cannot accommodate abundant functional information. We propose a full‐field multi‐functional angiography method to classify arteriovenous vessels and to display flow velocity and vascular diameter distribution simultaneously. Unlike previous methods, an under‐sampled laser Doppler acquisition mode is used to record the low‐coherence speckle, and multi‐functional angiography is achieved by modulating the endogenous hemodynamic characteristics from low‐coherence speckle. To demonstrate the combination of classified angiography, blood flow velocity measurement, and vascular diameter measurement realized using our method, we performed experiments on the flow phantom and living chicken embryos and generated multi‐functional angiograms. The proposed method can be used as a label‐free multi‐functional angiography technique in which red blood cells provide a strong endogenous source of naturally hemodynamic characteristics.
Bone formation at Ti‐6Al‐7Nb scaffolds consisting of 3D honeycomb frame and diamond‐like carbon coating implanted into the femur of beagles
Authors: Kawaguchi Masahito , Segawa Ayumu , Shintani Kazuhiro , Nakamura Yuka , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Yonezawa Katsutaka , Sasamoto Takeshi , Kaneuji Ayumi , Kawahara Norio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe fabricated Ti‐6Al‐7Nb bone scaffolds with 5 mm diameter and 20 mm length comprise of a three‐dimensional (3D) honeycomb frame structure of truncated octahedra created by selective laser sintering 3D printing. The honeycomb frame was then coated with 0.1 μm thick diamond‐like carbon (DLC) to increase biocompatibility. A round rod of Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy (ASTM F1295) was as a control material. They were implanted into the femur bones of beagles to evaluate bone morphometrics and to investigate changes in the transcriptome of the new bone tissue using DNA microarray analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the present report, the 3D honeycomb material with and without DLC film consisting of a‐C:H is referred to as 3D_a‐C:H and 3D_non, respectively. At 3 weeks after implantation, the 3D_non had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control, and the 3D_a‐C:H had more contact between the new and artificial bones compared with the control and 3D_non. Furthermore, 3D_a‐C:H showed even more new bone compared with the control and 3D_non. At 8 weeks after implantation, more appeared lamellar bone with the 3D_a‐C:H implant than those with the control and 3D_non. The real‐time PCR results at 1 week of implantation revealed higher expression levels of VEGF, RANKL, and NOTCH2 expression with 3D_a‐C:H than with 3D_non and control. As a result of real‐time PCR at 2 weeks of implantation, OPN and CTSK expressions were found to be higher with 3D_a‐C:H and 3D_non than that with the control.
Kinetics and thermodynamics adsorption of Oxazepam drug on the multi‐walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Mohammadi Majid , Vadi Mehdi , Bagehri Narges , Shekoohi Khadijeh , Younessi Floura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNowadays, it is admitted to using of suitable carrier results in improving drug delivery such as nanotubes. So, multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) has been proposed as a carrier (adsorbent) to improve the neurological Oxazepam (OZ) drug delivery. Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models have been used in order to do assay adsorption of the OZ on the MWCNT. The maximum value of the isotherm constant (b = 0.14 L/mg) at 303 K temperature indicates stronger (better) adsorption of the OZ on the MWCNT surface in low concentrations (20 mg/L) and acidic pH; in fact, increasing of pH led to decreasing adsorption (60 → 35.91 mg/g) and dehydrogenation of the OZ drug. Reaching to the equilibrium state after 90 min and negative value of the ∆H (−41.57 kJ/mol) shows that the OZ adsorption has fast kinetic and exothermic processes. These issues imply depending of the OZ adsorption on the OZ concentration and the weight of adsorbent in the adsorption process.
Syntheses, structural diversity, and selective luminescence sensing of three Co(II)/Cd(II) metal–organic frameworks composed of carboxylic acids and nitrogen‐rich mixed ligands
Authors: Xin Lingyun , Ju Fengyang , Zheng Lei , Liu Guang‐Zhen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBy adopting mixed‐ligand strategy, three Co(II)/Cd(II) metal–organic frameworks were prepared by hydrothermal reactions of Co(II)/Cd(II) acetate with 1,2‐phenylenediacetic acid or 1,3‐phenylenediacetic acid(1,2‐H2phda/1,3‐H2phda) combining with two imidazolyl/trazol/pyridyl‐type tectons, namely, {[Co(1,2‐phda)(bip)(H2O)2]·0.25H2O}n (1), {[Cd0.5(1,2‐phda)0.5(bip)0.5(H2O)0.5]·0.5H2O}n (2) and [Cd2(1,3‐phda)2(itmb)2]n (3) (bip = 3,5‐bis(1‐imidazoly)pyridine and itmb = 1‐(imidazo‐1‐ly)‐4‐(1,2,4‐trazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene). The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses show that three compounds contain various metal(II)‐carboxylate motifs, including carboxylate mononuclear (1), carboxylate chain (2), and carboxylate layer (3), which are further extended by two kinds of coligands to afford a vast diversity of the structures from 3‐connected {63}‐hcb topology (1), (4,4) grids layer (2) to 6‐connected {412·63} pcu topology (3). Furthermore, the photoluminescences of both Cd(II) complexes exhibit highly selective sensing of Fe3+ ion through fluorescence quenching, and may be used as a potential Fe3+ sensor material.
Quality of life in patients of corrosive esophageal stricture treated with endoscopic dilatation
Authors: Anand Naveen , Sharma Akhilesh , Shah Jimil , Kochhar Rakesh , Singh Shubh Mohan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCaustic ingestion is associated with long‐term sequelae in the form of esophageal and/or gastric cicatrization requiring endoscopic or surgical intervention. Quality of life (QoL) and disability in patients with caustic‐induced sequelae is less explored.MethodsIn this prospective study, we included consecutive patients with symptomatic caustic‐induced esophageal stricture undergoing endoscopic dilatation. QoL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQoL‐BREF). Disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). Subjective dysphagia score was calculated by Likert scale.ResultsA total of 42 patients were included in the study; 25 (59.5%) patients were male. Patients had poor WHOQoL‐BREF and WHODAS scores compared to normality data in all domains of the scores among both the genders. A majority (66.7%) of patients had a current psychiatric diagnosis, with the most common being mood disorder (50%) followed by suicidality (45.2%). Males had a higher prevalence of a previous psychiatric diagnosis compared to females, while females had a higher prevalence of suicidality. Dysphagia score had strong correlation with the WHOQoL (r = −0.66; P < 0.01) and WHODAS (r = 0.71; P < 0.01).ConclusionPatients with esophageal stricture due to caustic ingestion on long‐term endoscopic dilatation have poor QoL, high prevalence of psychological morbidity, and disability.