bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient Field Divergence-based Small Target Detection in Infrared Images
Authors: Ma Tianlei , Yang Zhen , Wang Jiaqi , Ren Xiangyang , Ku Yanan , Peng Jinzhu , Liu Yunpeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Infrared small target detection in complex cloud backgrounds has always been a challenging research topic. To synchronously enhance the target and suppress the complex background, a novel robust target detection method based on the divergence of the gradient field is proposed. The negative gradient field of the target intensity (NIG field) matches with characteristics of the positive source. However, the cloud clutter lacks this characteristic. Firstly, based on the property of the target, the NIG field is calculated from the original image. Thereafter, the divergence values of NIG field are calculated to obtain a defined divergence map (D map), which highlights the target regions and suppresses the clutter regions. Meanwhile, a local vectors angle measure (LVAM) operator of the NIG field is designed to measure the angle distribution of 8-neighbour vectors and eliminate false target areas. Then, the defined local angle map (LA map) is obtained by measuring the local angle value of 8-neighbour vectors for each patch of the NIG field. In addition, the divergence-local angle map (D-LA map) is obtained as the Hadamard product of D map and LA map. Finally, we can obtain the target conveniently via constant false alarm ratio (CFAR) based on the D-LA map. The performance evaluation results of real image sequences show that the proposed method is satisfactory in terms of clutter suppression and target detection. Moreover, the results from comparative experiments show that the proposed method is superior to conventional methods in terms of detection accuracy, false alarm rate, and running time.
Effects of Biochar Produced From Tropical Rice Straw, Corncob and Bamboo Tree at Different Processing Temperatures on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production
Authors: Dung Dinh Van , Thao Le Duc , Ngoan Le Duc , Phung Le Dinh , Roubík Hynek 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from tropical biomass resources (rice straw, corncob and bamboo) at different processing temperatures (300, 500 and 700oC) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production. Treatments were arranged as a 3x3 factorial with three biomass resources and three biochar processing temperatures. Added biochar occupied 3% of the substrate (DM basic). 250 mg of the air-dried substrate was incubated in 120 ml bottles, which contained 25 ml of mixed rumen fluid and buffer mineral solution. Total gas and methane production, in vitro digestibility of DM, OM, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were determined at three-time points: 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation. Results showed that biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation (P < 0.02). Interactions between biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4 hours (P = 0.06) and 24 hours (P = 0.001). Biomass resources and processing temperatures affected methane production at different time points of the incubation, except the effect of biomass resources at 24 hours (P = 0.406). Increased processing temperature from 300 to 700oC reduced gas and methane production (P < 0.05). Biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 4 and 24 hours of incubation. Processing temperatures and their interaction with biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.001). NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48h were highest for corncob, then rice straw, and lowest for bamboo tree derived biochar (P < 0.05). Increased processing temperatures resulted in higher NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). To mitigate methane production, biomass resources and processing temperatures should be considered when utilising biochar as feed additive in ruminant diets.
Modified uvsY by N-Terminal Hexahistidine Tag Addition Enhances Efficiency of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification to Detect SARS-CoV-2 DNA.
Authors: Juma Kevin Maafu , Takita Teisuke , Yamagata Masaya , Ishitani Mika , Hayashi Kaichi , Kojima Kenji , Suzuki Koichiro , Ando Yuri , Fujiwara Shinsuke , Nakura Yukiko , Yanagihara Itaru , Yasukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Recombinase (uvsY and uvsX) from bacteriophage T4 is a key enzyme for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) that amplifies a target DNA sequence at a constant temperature with a single-stranded DNA-binding protein and a strand-displacing polymerase. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of the N- and C-terminal tags of uvsY on its function in RPA to detect SARS-CoV-2 DNA.
Methods
Untagged uvsY (uvsY-Δhis), N-terminal tagged uvsY (uvsY-Nhis), C-terminal tagged uvsY (uvsY-Chis), and N- and C-terminal tagged uvsY (uvsY-NChis) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. RPA reaction was carried out with the in vitro synthesized standard DNA at 41ºC. The amplified products were separated on agarose gels.
Results
The minimal initial copy numbers of standard DNA from which the amplified products were observed were 6 ×105, 60, 600, and 600 copies for the RPA with uvsY-Δhis, uvsY-Nhis, uvsY-Chis, and uvsY-NChis, respectively. The minimal reaction time at which the amplified products were observed were 20, 20, 30, and 20 min for the RPA with uvsY-Δhis, uvsY-Nhis, uvsY-Chis, and uvsY-NChis, respectively. The RPA with uvsY-Nhis exhibited clearer bands than that with either of other three uvsYs.
Conclusion
The reaction efficiency of RPA with uvsY-Nhis was the highest, suggesting that uvsY-Nhis is suitable for use in RPA.
Disaster Development Interface &amp; its Impact on Emerging Vulnerability Scenario in Ladakh Region of North Western Himalayas
Authors: Bhat M Shafi , Khan Amir Ali , AKBAR MOHMAD , Sumaira Mir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Union Territory of Ladakh located in the North-Western Himalayan Region is a multi-hazard prone region, highly vulnerable to seismic hazards, landslides, snow-avalanches, flash-floods and cloud bursts. Besides, anthropogenic hazards like border conflicts and political turmoil in neighboring region of Kashmir has resulted in huge economic loss to the region. Findings reveal that despite suffering losses by natural and human -induced disasters, the region has been positively affected by publicity generated by such events. These events managed to showcase the unique physiography, pristine environment and adventurous terrains of Ladakh, which in the subsequent years increased tourism sector as the main growth driver in the region. Furthermore, movies like LOC Kargil and 3 idiots highlighted the potential for adventurous tourism in the region ultimately attracting large number of domestic tourist to Ladakh. The exceptional growth in tourists and associated developmental sectors has resulted in enhanced levels of vulnerabilities in this environmentally fragile region on account of faulty planning practices. The study focuses on geo- physical as well as anthropogenic vulnerability analysis with the help of remote sensing and Analytical Hierarchical Processes (AHP) method. The results reveal that the region is facing an increase in climate change related vulnerabilities followed by geo- physical, socio-cultural and environmental vulnerabilities. The study highlights the need to manage emerging vulnerabilities through proper adaptation and mitigation measures by incorporation of geo physical factors in policy formulation. Proper implementation of these measures can ensure sustainable development in this fragile Himalayan region.
Inhibition of RFX6 Suppresses Invasive Ability of Tumor Cells and Activates T Cell Immune Response Though Notch Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Song Mu , Kuerban Mulati , Zhao Lu , Peng Xiaolin , Xu Youqin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

DNA-binding protein RFX6 was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and its expression level was correlated with the prognosis and immune cell infiltration in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism of abnormal expression and biological effects of RFX6 in liver cancer remains unknown.
Methods

To understand the specific expressing mechanism of RFX6 in liver cancer, we performed bioinformatic prediction, CHIP-qPCR assay, Co-IP and dual-luciferase assay to assess the regulating mechanism of RFX6. In the meantime, a series of biological experiments in vivo and vitro were conducted to analyze the biological significance of RFX6 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Results

We demonstrated that the knockdown of RFX6 in liver cancer cells significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of RFX6 could stimulate immune response of T cells. Among lots of interacting proteins, we revealed RFX6 directly binding to DTX2, regulator of Notch signaling pathway by targeting NOTCH1, and help it`s transcription stability. Furthermore, we discovered miRNA-542-3p, expression of which was decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma, was directly involved in negative regulation of the expression of RFX6.
Conclusions

In summary, we discovered a miRNA-542-3p-RFX6-DTX2-NOTCH1 regulatory pathway played significant roles in the tumor progression of liver hepatocellular carcinoma.
The Effects of Ammonia Stress Exposure on Protein Degradation, Immune Response, Degradation of Nitrogen-containing Compounds and Energy Metabolism of Chinese Mitten Crab.
Authors: Tang Dan , Wu Ya , Wu Lv , Bai Yuze , Zhou Ying , Wang Zhengfei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab is one of the most economically important crab that is widely farmed in China. Ammonia, which is a main physiological challenge for crab culture, grow rapidly in the intensive culture system over time, but little information is available with Chinese mitten crab on the molecular mechanisms. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of response to ammonia stress in Eriocheir japonica sinensis, comparative transcriptome analysis was used to identify the key genes and pathways in hepatopancreas challenged with ammonia stress (325.07 mg/L NaCl). By sequencing the transcriptome hepatopancreas of E. j. sinensis treated with ammonia, 366,472 unigenes were obtained and annotated into several public libraries for later analyses. Subsequently, 1,775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified according to comparative transcriptome analysis, of which 307 were up-regulated and 1,468 were down-regulated. According to the DEGs of GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, we focused on four aspects of significant enrichment in this study: protein degradation, immune response, degradation of nitrogen-containing compounds and energy metabolism. The genes involved in protein degradation and energy metabolism process showed a significant decrease which was consisting of overall biological activity of E. j. sinensis decreased. In addition, five genes involved in high concentration of ammonia were discovered and validated by qRT-PCR. Therefore, this study will help us understand the molecular mechanisms of E. j. sinensis under high ammonia exposure.
A Novel Detection Performance Modular Evaluation Metric of Space-based Infrared System
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxuan , Ni Xinyue , Zhang Jingwen , Weng Dongshan , Hu Zhuoyue , Chen Fansheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In order to reflect the space-based full chain information of the detection process comprehensively and objectively, we proposed a novel modular evaluation metric to discuss the target, background and system independently. It takes the equivalent radiation intensity as the parameter, which can evaluate the detection performance of the system quantitatively. In this paper, taking the fifth-generation American stealth fighter F22 as an example, the mathematical detection model of the space-based infrared system to aircraft targets in the Earth background is described. A modular evaluation metric is proposed. The simulation analyzes the impact of different detection scenes and system parameters on system equivalent irradiance. Furthermore, recommendations for the optimization of the detection system are given. The research results provide a new idea for the analysis of the detection performance of highly maneuverable targets under dynamic backgrounds and have guiding significance for the performance evaluation and parameter design of the infrared detection system.
Fractional Physics-informed Neural Networks for Time-fractional Phase Field Models
Authors: Wang Shupeng , Zhang Hui , Jiang Xiaoyun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new fractional physics-informed neural networks (fPINNs) is proposed, which combines fPINNs with spectral collocation method to solve the time-fractional phase field models. Compared to fPINNs, it has large representation capacity due to the property of spectral collocation method, which reduces the number of approximate points of discrete fractional operators, improves the training efficiency and has higher error accuracy. Unlike traditional numerical method, it directly optimizes the spectral collocation coefficient, saves the time of matrix calculation, is easy to deal with the high-dimensional model, and also has higher error accuracy. First, fPINNs based on a spectral collocation method is used to obtain the numerical solutions of the models under consideration. The spectral collocation method is used to discretize the space direction, and the fractional backward difference formula is used to approximate the time-fractional derivative. The error accuracy in different cases is discussed, and it is observed that the point-wise error is 10−5 to 10−7 . Next, fPINNs is employed to solve several inverse problems in time-fractional phase field models to identify the order of fractional derivative, mobility constant, and other coefficients. The results of numerical experiments are presented to prove the effectiveness of fPINNs in solving time-fractional phase field models and their inverse problems
Evaluation of Lamellar Macular Hole With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Comparison Between Degenerative and Tractional Subtypes
Authors: Gültekin Burcu Polat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aim
To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) findings in cases with degenerative and tractional-subtype lamellar macular hole (LMH).
Methods
Two sub-types of LMH cases were included. Thirty-seven patients had degenerative-subtype, whereas 35 patients had tractional-subtype LMH. Thirty healthy cases were enrolled as control group. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal vascular densities in superficial, deep capillary and choriocapillaris plexuses were analyzed and compared with fellow eyes and healthy controls using OCTA.
Results
Mean FAZ area was wider in the degenerative-subtype (0.33±0.14 mm²) than the tractional-subtype (0.24±0.10 mm²) (p=0.04) and control eyes (0.26±0.10 mm2) (p=0.02). Compared with the tractional group, foveal vessel density in the superficial layer was lower in the degenerative group (29.1±6.9% vs.21.9±9.2%, p=0.01). Choriocapillaris vascular density in the parafoveal area was also lower in the degenerative-subtype lamellar macular holes ( 61.8±4.7% vs. 63.2±4.2 %) (p=0.03). The vascular densities in the DCP did not disclose any significant difference between two sub-types (p>0.05). Compared with control eyes, the vascular densities in the superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layers were significantly lower in the LMH subtypes (p<0.05).
Conclusion
These OCTA changes may indicate a primary or secondary chronic degenerative process affecting the retinal microvascular plexuses in degenerative and tractional lamellar macular holes. The distinction of the pathogenesis is also demonstrated by OCTA and supports the recent change in classification and terminology of this macular pathology.
Supplying of Active Fire Protection System (APAR) in Pulo Asem Area Jakarta Timur to Increase Safety Awareness for the Community
Authors: Rini Sartika , Yulianto Hubertus Davy 
Published: November 2021

Among the world record occupational safety and health (K3) accidents, the death toll in a fire is ranked just below natural disasters such as the earthquake and tsunami. Almost every type of building and almost every country in the world has experienced a history of devastating fires, whether in hotels, nightclubs, hostels, agriculture, shops or fuel depots, included a house. The question we must ask ourselves is ‘why has this tragedy occurred repeatedly and what have we learned from disasters over the past 100 years to strengthen preventive measures globally? There are three basic requirements that a fire can occur and get bigger:

The presence of fuel or flammable materials;
The existence of a lighter source; and
The presence of oxygen in the air to support combustion.

The ability to manage and reduce the risks associated with these three elements will greatly reduce the likelihood of a serious fire. So, our obligation as academics to provide knowledge and counseling about the danger of fire to the community so that they understand the danger of fire and can-do prevention and control, in addition to increasing awareness of fire hazards to create a safe and comfortable atmosphere in our environment.
Health Information Needs of Young Chinese People Based on an Online Health Community: Topic and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Xin , Wang Lei , Peng Yan 
Published: November 2021

Background
The internet has been widely accessible and well accepted by young people; however, there is a limited understanding of the internet usage patterns and characteristics on issues related to health problems. The contents posted on online health communities (OHCs) are valuable resources to learn about youth's health information needs.

Objective
In this study, we concurrently exploited statistical analysis and topic analysis of online health information needs to explore the distribution, impact factors, and topics of interest relevant to Chinese young people.

Methods
We collected 60,478 health-related data sets posted by young people from a well-known Chinese OHC named xywy.com. Descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis were applied to find the distribution and influence factors of the information needs of Chinese young people. Furthermore, a general 4-step topic mining strategy was presented for sparse short texts, which included sentence vectorization, dimension reduction, clustering, and keyword generation.

Results
In the Chinese OHC, Chinese young people had a high demand for information in the areas of gynecology and obstetrics, internal medicine, dermatology, plastic surgery, and surgery, and they focused on topics such as treatment, symptoms, causes, pathology, and diet. Females accounted for 69.67% (42,136/60,478) and young adults accounted for 87.44% (52,882/60,478) of all data. Gender, age, and disease type all had a significant effect on young people's information needs and topic preferences (P<.001).

Conclusions
We conducted comprehensive analyses to discover the online health information needs of Chinese young people. The research findings are of great practical value to carry out health education and health knowledge dissemination inside and outside of schools according to the interests of youth, enable the innovation of information services in OHCs, and improve the health literacy of young people.
An App-Based Intervention for Adolescents Exposed to Cyberbullying in Norway: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaiser Sabine , Martinussen Monica , Adolfsen Frode , Breivik Kyrre , Kyrrestad Henriette 
Published: November 2021

Background
Adolescents exposed to negative online events are at high risk to develop mental health problems. Little is known about what is effective for treatment in this group. NettOpp is a new mobile app for adolescents who have been exposed to cyberbullying or negative online experiences in Norway.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to provide a description of the content of the intervention and about a randomized controlled trial that will be conducted to examine the effectiveness of NettOpp. This protocol is written in accordance with the Spirit 2013 Checklist.

Methods
An effectiveness study with a follow-up examination after 3 months will be conducted to evaluate the mobile app. Adolescents will be recruited through schools and will be randomly assigned to the intervention (NettOpp) group and a waiting-list control group. The adolescents (aged 11 to 16 years) will respond to self-report questionnaires on the internet. Primary outcomes will be changes in mental health assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the WHO-Five Well-being Index, and the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen.

Results
Recruitment will start in January 2022. The results from this study will be available in 2023.

Conclusions
There are few published evaluation studies on app-based interventions. This project and its publications will contribute new knowledge to the field.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04176666; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04176666

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/31789
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PENEMUAN TERBIMBING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI FUNGSI INVERS DI KELAS XI IPA 2 SMA NEGERI 9 PALU
Authors: Ulfa Mariah , Sudarman Sudarman , Ismaimuza Dasa 
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dalam upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi fungsi invers di kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 9 Palu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi Fungsi Invers Di kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 9 Palu. Rancangan penelitian ini mengacu pada desain penelitian Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yakni (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) observasi dan (4) refleksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model penemuan terbimbing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi fungsi invers di kelas XI IPA 2 SMA Negeri 9 Palu mengikuti langkah-langkah Penemuan terbimbing yaitu (1) perumusan masalah,(2) pemprosesan data dan penyusunan konjektur, (3) pemeriksaan dan verbalisasi konjektur, dan (4) umpan balik. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes, observasi, catatan lapangan dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang terlihat dari ketuntasan belajar klasikal siswa yang mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, lembar hasil observasi aktivitas siswa dan guru kategori baik pada siklus I dan lembar hasil observasi aktivitas siswa kategori baik, lembar hasil observasi aktivitas guru kategori sangat baik pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran penemuan terbimbing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi fungsi invers di kelas XI IPA2 SMA Negeri 9 Palu.