bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Development in Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Natural Resources and Their Applications in Biomedicine and Multi‐Sensing Platform
Authors: Bag Puja , Maurya Rahul K. , Dadwal Ankita , Sarkar Mrinmoy , Chawla Pooja A. , Narang Raj K. , Kumar Bhupinder 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon has always found a spotlight in human life either in the form of graphite, diamonds, activated charcoal, carbon nanotubes, or carbon dots (CDs). Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) or CDs became the centre of attraction because of their potential applications in biomedical field such as bio‐imaging, drug nanocarriers, gene therapeutics, photosensitizing agents, theranostics and provides other multifunctional diagnostic platforms. There are numerous advantages of CDs due to their biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, water‐solubility, ease of scale‐up, and, most notably their fluorescence properties contrary to other carbon nanostructures. In last few years, significant efforts have been put by various research teams to synthesize and develop nanostructured materials possessing specific functional properties and characteristics. This work focus on the recent developments in the synthetic approaches applied for CDs using environment‐friendly sources. This review also highlights the mechanistic aspects, applications of CDs in biomedicine and a multi‐sensing platform along with challenges and future perspectives of this promising field. The authors believe that this review will help audible researchers to select a suitable environment‐friendly approach for the synthesis of CDs from green sources with required functions and properties. It will also guide researchers to develop a more convenient, efficient, and environment‐friendly method for the synthesis of new tunable carbon dots.
Superior Competitive Adsorption Capacity of Natural Bentonite in the Efficient Removal of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Ahmed Said Abd El‐Aziz , Goda Mohamed Nady 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, natural bentonite has been used as a highly efficient, and low‐cost sorbent for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and fuchsine basic (FB) dyes from aqueous solutions. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses (TG‐DTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses for bentonite clay were performed. Results revealed that bentonite is an excellent sorbent for the elimination of these dyes with maximum adsorption capacities of 598.8, 929.7 and 875.2 mg g−1 for MB, CV, and FB, respectively. In addition, thermodynamic results reflected that the adsorption process is a spontaneous, endothermic, and of chemisorption nature. While kinetic studies specified that the adsorption of these dyes is ruled by the film diffusion and pore diffusion mechanism. Moreover, simultaneous removal of these dyes from their binary and ternary mixtures was also examined. A Regeneration study demonstrated that, bentonite can be recycled several times with almost the same efficiency.
Carbon Nitride‐Based Ruthenium Single Atom Photocatalyst for CO2 Reduction to Methanol
Authors: Sharma Priti , Kumar Subodh , Tomanec Ondrej , Petr Martin , Zhu Chen Johnny , Miller Jeffrey T. , Varma Rajender S. , Gawande Manoj B. , Zbořil Radek 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith increasing concerns for global warming, the solar‐driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into chemical fuels like methanol is a propitious route to enrich energy supplies, with concomitant reduction of the abundant CO2 stockpiles. Herein, a novel single atom‐confinement and a strategy are reported toward single ruthenium atoms dispersion over porous carbon nitride surface. Ruthenium single atom character is well confirmed by EXAFS absorption spectrometric analysis unveiling the cationic coordination environment for the single‐atomic‐site ruthenium center, that is formed by Ru‐N/C intercalation in the first coordination shell, attaining synergism in N–Ru–N connection and interfacial carrier transfer. From time resolved fluorescence decay spectra, the average carrier lifetime of the RuSA–mC3N4 system is found to be higher compared to m‐C3N4; the fact uncovering the crucial role of single Ru atoms in promoting photocatalytic reaction system. A high yield of methanol (1500 µmol g‐1 cat. after 6 h of the reaction) using water as an electron donor and the reusability of the developed catalyst without any significant change in the efficiency represent the superior aspects for its potential application in real industrial technologies.
Nanoengineering Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Materials for Use in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reactions
Authors: Zhao Yingji , Zheng Lingling , Jiang Dong , Xia Wei , Xu Xingtao , Yamauchi Yusuke , Ge Jianping , Tang Jing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals is a sustainable technology that can achieve a carbon‐neutral energy cycle in the environment. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) processes using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), featuring atomically dispersed active sites, large surface area, high porosity, controllable morphology, and remarkable tunability, have attracted considerable research attention. Well‐defined MOFs can be constructed to improve conductivity, introduce active centers, and form carbon‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with enhanced active sites that are accessible for the development of CO2 conversion. In this review, the progress on pristine MOFs, MOF hybrids, and MOF‐derived carbon‐based SACs is summarized for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Finally, the limitations and potential improvement directions with respect to the advancement of MOF‐related materials for the field of research are discussed. These summaries are expected to provide inspiration on reasonable design to develop stable and high‐efficiency MOFs‐based electrocatalysts for CO2RR.
Lowering the Contact Barriers of 2D Organic F16CuPc Field‐Effect Transistors by Introducing Van der Waals Contacts
Authors: Yan Hang , Li Yang , Qin Jing‐Kai , Xu Bo , Hu Ping‐An , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract2D organic crystals exhibit efficient charge transport and field‐effect characteristics, making them promising candidates for high‐performance nanoelectronics. However, the strong Fermi level pinning (FLP) effect and large Schottky barrier between organic semiconductors and metals largely limit device performance. Herein, by carrying out temperature‐dependent transport and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements, it is demonstrated that the introducing of 2D metallic 1T‐TaSe2 with matched band‐alignment as electrodes for F16CuPc nanoflake filed‐effect transistors leads to enhanced field‐effect characteristics, especially lowered Schottky barrier height and contact resistance at the contact and highly efficient charge transport within the channel, which are attributed to the significantly suppressed FLP effect and appropriate band alignment at the nonbonding van der Waals (vdW) hetero‐interface. Moreover, by taking advantage of the improved contact behavior with 1T‐TaSe2 contact, the optoelectronic performance of F16CuPc nanoflake‐based phototransistor is drastically improved, with a maximum photoresponsivity of 387 A W−1 and detectivity of 3.7 × 1014 Jones at quite a low Vds of 1 V, which is more competitive than those of the reported organic photodetectors and phototransistors. The work provides an avenue to improve the electrical and optoelectronic properties of 2D organic devices by introducing 2D metals with appropriate work function for vdW contacts.
Literacy Development at Camp: Leveraging Language Models
Authors: Dostal Hannah M. , Scott Jessica A. , Weir Joan , Kang Ki Y. , Amadi-Ihebuzor Chidinma , Bernard Teri-Ann 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is little research on effective educational experiences for deaf and hard‐of‐hearing (d/hh) children in Jamaica. Using a formative and design experiment framework, in this project we explored the potential efficacy of an intensive literacy camp that provided professional development for d/hh adults working in classrooms with d/hh children, and provided literacy instruction for elementary‐age campers. We found that the children improved in all tested areas, and observations of d/hh adults provided evidence that with minimal training they were able to implement important facets of literacy instruction with the campers. Further research on these types of experiences and their potential for lasting impact after the camp is necessary.
Labor Supply and Well-Being During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Crisis in the Netherlands: Lessons from Microdata
Authors: von Gaudecker Hans-Martin , Siflinger Bettina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLike many other countries, the Netherlands shut down large parts of economic and social life in the spring of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Between late March and early May, schools and childcare facilities as well as restaurants, cafes, and bars were shut down; contact-related occupations were closed; gatherings were prohibited; and employees were advised to work from home as much as possible. While these regulations represented a sharp cut in individuals’ personal lives, they were more relaxed in the Netherlands than in many other European countries. At the same time, the Netherlands has enacted large-scale economic relief programs.This chapter gives an overview of how labor supply and well-being have changed in the Netherlands in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. We show that changes in the labor market have affected different groups of people differently and we discuss reasons for these differences. In addition, we illustrate how the consequences of the lockdown have altered the well-being of Dutch workers.
Plus Ça Change…? How the COVID-19 Crisis May Lead to a Revaluation of the Local
Authors: Groenleer Martijn , Bertram Daniel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe spread of the coronavirus around the world once again confronts us with the vulnerability of a globalized economy and society. As with previous global crises, it is not obvious that the COVID-19 crisis is leading to a process of de-globalization. It is much more likely that the crisis will accelerate localization—a process that has been going on for much longer. In fact, localization occurs simultaneously with globalization, and is inextricably bound up with it—in both the “old” and the “new common.” In this sense, the struggle to grapple with the current situation shows us the continuing importance of the local in a global context.
The Sciences During the New Common: A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Kaptein Maurits 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBy Wednesday, July 22, 2020, the coronavirus had killed over 611,000 people and infected over fourteen million globally. It devastated lives and will continue to do so for a long time to come; the economic consequences of the pandemic are only just starting to materialize. This makes it a challenging time to write about the new common. However, we need to start somewhere. At some point, we need to reflect on our own roles, the roles of our institutions, the importance of our economy, and the future fabric of everyday life. In this chapter, I will discuss one minor—and compared to the current crisis seemingly inconsequential—aspect of the new common: I will discuss my worry that we are on the verge of missing the opportunity to properly (re-)define the role of the sciences as we move from our old to our new common.
Growing Up in Times of COVID-19: When a Window of Opportunity is Temporarily Closed
Authors: Keijsers Loes , Bülow Anne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 crisis, the governmental restrictions seriously affected the daily lives of adolescents (aged 12–25). They could not attend school, had to limit face-to-face contact with peers, and had to stay at home with their parents. This chapter combines insights from theoretical models on adolescent development with some of the first empirical findings of the impact of COVID-19 on adolescents. We will discuss how lockdown and social distancing measures affect mental health and well-being in a formative and vulnerable period in life. Specifically, the authors focus on delayed attainment of developmental tasks toward adulthood, the importance of friendships, and how parents can promote developmental growth and resilience in a “new common.” Advice is included on how future society can and should be shaped around the developmental needs, risks, and opportunities that characterize adolescence.
Efficient Scientific Self-Correction in Times of Crisis
Authors: Nuijten Michèle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScience has been invaluable in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences. However, science is not flawless: especially research that is performed and written up under high time pressure may be susceptible to errors. Luckily, one of the core principles of science is its ability to self-correct. Traditionally, scientific self-correction is achieved through replication, but this takes time and resources; both of which are scarce. In this chapter, I argue for an additional, more efficient self-correction mechanism: analytical reproducibility checks.
Is COVID-19 a Crime? A Criminological Perspective
Authors: Spapens Toine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIs COVID-19 a crime? The answer to that question seems relatively straightforward. Although the virus may be viewed as a “villain,” we cannot treat it as a criminal. However, how the virus impacts societies and government responses to the crisis raises serious criminological questions. In this chapter, I briefly address three. I will start by looking at the effects of COVID-19 and particularly the lockdowns on criminal activities. My second question is whether we should rethink our response to crimes that may facilitate future pandemics, particularly wildlife trafficking. Finally, I will discuss some examples of systemic inequalities, which affect the impact of the virus on societies. Given the current state of affairs, I will raise questions and ideas for future research, rather than provide clear-cut answers.
In-Work Poverty in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Bekker Sonja , Buerkert Johanna , Quirijns Quirine , Pop Ioana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe corona crisis has an unequal impact on worker’s income. Workers with unstable jobs prior to the crisis, have been affected hardest due to the loss of work and income (Börner, 2020). An example is the group of workers who cannot make ends meet, despite having a job. In order to explore the impact of the coronavirus crisis on in-work poverty, it is relevant to get a better insight into how low income is defined because in the Netherlands low income and poverty are calculated in various ways. For this chapter we use two indicators (Statistics Netherlands, 2018; SCP, 2018). The first is the poverty threshold, indicating whether or not the income is sufficient to meet basic needs such as buying food, housing, and participating in social activities. The second is the low-income threshold, representing stable purchasing power over time.
Who Are the People in Your Gayborhood? Understanding Population Change and Cultural Shifts in LGBTQ+ Neighborhoods
Authors: Hess Daniel Baldwin , Bitterman Alex 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGay neighborhoods, like all neighborhoods, are in a state of continual change. The relevance of gay neighborhoods—originally formed to promote segregation of individuals who identify as sexual minorities—is lately challenged by advances in technology, experiences with pandemics, shifts in generational opinion and social values, increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals, and (in certain places) increased rights and protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. This confluence of change has created for many people anxiety related to the belief that gay neighborhoods may be dissolving or even disappearing altogether. Seeking to address these concerns, this opening chapter of the bookThe Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods: Renaissance and Resurgencepresents eight important takeaway messages distilled from the chapters in this volume that, taken together, provide an in-depth overview of the formation, maturation, current challenges, and future prospects of LGBTQ+ spaces in urban environments. Findings suggest that shifts in patterns of residence, socialization, and entertainment for LGBTQ+ residents and visitors across metropolitan space have resulted in certain gay neighborhoods becoming less gay while other neighborhoods become more gay. In this time of social change, economic inequities, public health crises, and technological evolution, gay neighborhoods provide a culturally and historically significant template for communities in confronting adversity, fear, and discrimination. At this point in their maturity, gay neighborhoods have reached a plateau in their evolution; from here we pause to consider the current state of gay neighborhoods—and trajectories that might describe their future form—as we contemplate the importance of gay neighborhoods in the ongoing advancement of LGBTQ+ people everywhere. We conclude by observing that while gayborhoods have experienced a certain level of de-gaying, the trend toward viewing gayborhoods as inclusive and gay-friendly places de-emphasizes the self-segregation aspects of gayborhoods that were important to their initial formation; consequently, while gay neighborhoods may become less gay, other neighborhoods may also become more gay.
After the Life of LGBTQ Spaces: Learning from Atlanta and Istanbul
Authors: Doan Petra L. , Atalay Ozlem 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMany gay villages (or “gayborhoods”) arose in the wake of the gay liberation movement attracted a good deal of academic research within the last 40 years. Unfortunately, this hyper focus on certain spaces often populated by white gay men has frequently eclipsed research on other types of LGBTQ areas as well as other geographies beyond the global north. This chapter aims to address this gap, taking an ordinary cities perspective (Robinson, 2006) and asking how we can develop models that are conceptually useful for understanding the life of a more diverse array of LGBTQ spaces across the globe. To answer this question we avoid linear models of change by developing a new model based on a conceptual framework derived from physics: centripetal and centrifugal forces. The advantage of this model is its explicit recognition of the ways that social, economic, and political forces and their manifestations influence queer spaces. We use two cases from relatively under-studied regions; Atlanta and Istanbul to illustrate the utility of this framework. The “in-betweenness” of these cities, linking south and north as well as west and east, makes them a haven for queers and others fleeing the conservative surroundings in the search for more attractive and welcoming places for marginalized LGBTQ individuals. This chapter draws on the authors’ lived experiences, prior research, and additional interviews to conduct a relational reading of queer spaces with emphasis on the ways that LGBTQ people circulate and congregate in a wider range of urban areas. This comparative strategy and relational reading of queer spaces expands the narrow focus from normalized narratives of gayborhoods to a broader “analysis of the heterogeneity and multiplicity of metropolitan modernities” (Roy 2009, p. 821) of queer spaces.
Understanding Generation Gaps in LGBTQ+ Communities: Perspectives About Gay Neighborhoods Among Heteronormative and Homonormative Generational Cohorts
Authors: Bitterman Alex , Hess Daniel Baldwin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing Strauss-Howe generational theory as a guiding structure, this chapter examines differences between generational identity for LGBTQ+ individuals compared to heteronormative generational identity. We theorize that LGBTQ+ individuals may identify with two generational cohorts—one defined by birth year and a second related to “coming of age” as a sexual minority. A case study examining the lifespan of four LGBTQ+ celebrity personalities demonstrates the concept of generational layering. We argue “generational layering” affects various aspects of LGBTQ+ life, including connection to place as reflected in attitudes of LGBTQ+ people regarding gay neighborhoods. The chapter concludes with five takeaway messages that clarify the relationship between LGTBQ+ people, the generational cohorts to which they belong and with which they identify, and the attitudes of various LGBTQ+ generational cohorts toward gay neighborhoods.
Commemorating Historically Significant Gay Places Across the United States
Authors: Miller Camden , Bitterman Alex 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe stories of gay spaces across the United States are largely unrecorded, undocumented, and are not centrally collected or archived beyond informal reports and oral histories. Evidence demonstrates that the preservation of historic sites allows for future generations to benefit from intangibles related to community and identity. However, the LGBTQ+ community has been unable to gain benefits that place-based, historic sites can provide, due to an inability to commemorate spaces that have shaped LGBTQ+ history in significant ways. This chapter explores the disparities between the preservation and commemoration of significant LGBTQ+ spaces and the amount of funding distributed to these sites. As of 2016, LGBTQ+ sites comprised only 0.08 percent of the 2,500 U.S. National Historic Landmarks and 0.005 percent of the more than 90,000 places listed in the National Register of Historic Places. This representation is well short of the share of American adults that identify as LGBTQ+ , which in 2017 was approximately five percent of the United States population. In 2010 the Administration of President Barack Obama launched the LGBTQ Heritage Initiative under the National Historic Landmarks Program. This effort underscored a broader commitment to include historically underrepresented groups, including LGBTQ+ individuals. As a result, LGBTQ+ communities became eligible to receive funding for projects through the Underrepresented Community Grant Program. An analysis of the distribution of Underrepresented Community Grant Program funds revealed that the LGBTQ+ community receives considerably less funding compared to other underrepresented communities. The findings from this study suggest that there is still a significant amount of work that remains to be done to integrate LGBTQ+ histories into historic preservation programs that exist at various levels of programming (local, state, and federal).