bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious Disease Providers’ Knowledge of and Engagement in Quality Improvement
Authors: Sheridan Kathleen R , Lane Michael A , Kim Thomas J , Eby Joshua C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Although engagement of infectious disease physicians has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcomes in a variety of disease states, the extent of ID physician engagement in quality improvement or their knowledge of QI has not been assessed.

Methods
A 12 question, web-based survey was distributed to members of the Infectious Disease Society of America between August and October 2019 to assess knowledge of and engagement in QI. The survey link was sent to IDSA members that self-identified patient care as their primary professional activity.

Results
Responses were received from 200 individuals (5.4% response rate which is just below standard IDSA survey response rate of 6%) consisting of 175 adult IDP. Most respondents were employed in a hospital or clinic (41%), private or group practice (25%), or university/medical center (24%). 58% of respondents currently participate in QI projects while 38% serve on QI oversight committees. Among respondents, 27% reported not being engaged in QI. Infection Prevention/Hospital Epidemiology (77%), stewardship (72%), and antimicrobial resistance (56%) were the most commonly reported measure types. Respondents reported barriers that limited participation in QI including cost (61%), lack of time (56%), lack of data collection resources (48%), and lack of an ID-specific registry (46%). IDPs report significant interest in additional training in QI and new quality measures.

Conclusion
Although IDPs participate in QI, there are gaps in QI knowledge and measurement systems. The low response rate of our survey also suggests a lack of engagement in QI amongst IDPs. Closing these gaps will benefit ID in a value-driven healthcare economy.
Rest activity rhythms characteristics of breast cancer women following endocrine therapy
Authors: Martin Tristan , Duivon Mylène , Bessot Nicolas , Grellard Jean-Michel , Emile George , Polvent Sébastien , Raoul Lucie , Viader Fausto , Eustache Francis , Joly Florence , Giffard Bénédicte , Perrier Joy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rest-activity rhythm (RAR) disruptions are frequently associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC), but they are less known in BC with endocrine therapy (ET). The aim of this ancillary study was to characterize the RAR and estimated sleep characteristics from actigraphy in BC patients either treated (ET+) or untreated with ET (ET−), compared to healthy controls (HC) and using a cross-sectional design. Eighteen ET+, 18 ET−, and 16 HC completed questionnaires and wore wrist actigraphs at home for 2 weeks. Parametric and nonparametric RAR, sleep parameters, and quality of life were compared between groups (p &lt; .05). BC groups presented lower daytime activity than HC according to RAR analysis (mesor and M10 parameters). Compared to HC, ET− had lower inter-daily stability and ET+ had greater sleep complaints. Compared to ET−, ET+ had lower sleep efficiency, more time awake, and higher activity levels at night, as assessed with actigraphy. Our results suggest an effect of cancer independent of treatment on RAR in BC, highlighting the need for further investigation of this topic. In contrast, sleep as assessed with actigraphy seems modified only during ET which matches with patients’ sleep complaints. Further longitudinal studies would aid in confirming the latter hypothesis.
Ethnoracial Capitalism and the Limits of Ethnic Solidarity
Authors: Vallejo Jody Agius , Canizales Stephanie L 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on qualitative data drawn from Latino elites, Latino entrepreneurs, and two Latino banks in Los Angeles, we theorize the concept of ethnoracial capitalism, which occurs within racialized groups when group members commodify ethnicity through the sale of culturally-specific goods or when institutions and services are imbued with ethnicity and assumed to form the basis of profitable financial exchanges. We investigate why Latino elites establish Latino-centric banks, and we draw on the perspectives of Latino-elites and middle- and upper-class entrepreneurs to examine whether shared ethnoracial and class resources breed solidarity between Latino elite-owned and -operated banks and the Latino entrepreneurs they target. We find that structural constraints, the state, and class conflict thwarts the possibility of sustaining banking practices rooted in ethnoracial solidarity. Our research provides insights into the fraught intra-ethnic relationships that can occur within ethnoracial capitalistic endeavors that are situated within racist racial projects, such as the U.S. banking system. Ultimately, the sole presence of capital and ethnic financial institutions in minoritized communities does not remedy economic inequalities born of White supremacist racial projects and racially stratified systems, such as U.S. financial markets.
Analyses of symbiotic bacterial communities in the plant pest Bemisia tabaci reveal high prevalence of Candidatus Hemipteriphilus asiaticus on the African continent
Authors: Mouton Laurence , Henri Hélène , Romba Rahim , Belgaidi Zainab , Gnankiné Olivier , Vavre Fabrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrobial symbionts are widespread in insects and some of them have been associated to adaptive changes. Primary symbionts (P-symbionts) have a nutritional role that allows their hosts to feed on unbalanced diets (plant sap, wood, blood). Most of them have undergone genome reduction, but their genomes still retain genes involved in pathways that are necessary to synthesize the nutrients that their hosts need. However, in some P-symbionts, essential pathways are incomplete and secondary symbionts (S-symbionts) are required to complete parts of their degenerated functions. The P-symbiont of the phloem sap-feeder Bemisia tabaci, Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarium, lacks genes involved in the synthesis of vitamins, cofactors, and also of some essential amino-acids. Seven S-symbionts have been detected in the B. tabaci species complex. Phenotypic and genomic analyses have revealed various effects, from reproductive manipulation to fitness benefits, notably some of them have complementary metabolic capabilities to Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarium, suggesting that their presence may be obligatory. In order to get the full picture of the symbiotic community of this pest, we investigated, through metabarcoding approaches, the symbiont content of individuals from Burkina Faso, a West African country where B. tabaci induces severe crop damage. While no new putative B. tabaci S-symbiont was identified, Candidatus Hemipteriphilus asiaticus, a symbiont only described in B. tabaci populations from Asia, was detected for the first time on this continent. Phylogenetic analyses however reveal that it is a different strain than the reference found in Asia. Specific diagnostic PCRs showed a high prevalence of these S-symbionts and especially of Candidatus Hemipteriphilus asiaticus in different genetic groups. These results suggest that Candidatus Hemipteriphilus asiaticus may affect the biology of B. tabaci and provide fitness advantage in some B. tabaci populations.
Beneficial effects of two Ayurvedic formulations,Saraswata GhritaandKalyanaka Ghritaon survival and on toxic aggregates inDrosophilamodels of Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sharma Swati , Singh Girish , Patwardhan Kishor , Lakhotia Subhash C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to understand the health promotive, rejuvenative and disease preventive approach of the Ayurvedic system of medicine in the light of current principles, we examined two Rasayana formulations, viz.,Kalayanaka Ghrita(KG) andSaraswata Ghrita(SG) for their effects in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Huntington’s (HD) neurodegenerative disease models ofDrosophila. Initial experiments involving feeding of wild type flies on food supplemented with 0.05%, 0.25% and 0.5% (w/v)KGorSGrevealed 0.05% to be without any adverse effect while higher concentrations caused dose-dependent reduction in pupation frequency and adult life span in wild type flies. RearingGMR-GAL4>127Q(HD model) andey-GAL4>Aβ42(AD model) larvae and adults on 0.05% or 0.25%SGorKGsupplemented food enhanced the otherwise significantly reduced larval lethality and enhanced their median life span, with the 0.25%SGorKGconcentrations being less effective than the 0.05%. In parallel with the better larval survival and enhanced adult life span, feeding the HD and AD model larvae on either of theGhritasupplemented food (0.05% and 0.25%) substantially reduced the polyQ aggregates or amyloid plaques, respectively, in the larval eye discs. The present first in vivo organismic model study results have clinical implications for the increasing burden of age-associated dementia and neurodegenerative diseases like AD and HD in human populations.
Harmoni: a Method for Eliminating Spurious Interactions due to the Harmonic Components in Neuronal Data
Authors: Idaji Mina Jamshidi , Zhang Juanli , Stephani Tilman , Nolte Guido , Müller Klaus-Robert , Villringer Arno , Nikulin Vadim V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCross-frequency synchronization (CFS) has been proposed as a mechanism for integrating spatially and spectrally distributed information in the brain. However, investigating CFS in Magneto- and Electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) is hampered by the presence of spurious neuronal interactions due to the non-sinusoidal waveshape of brain oscillations. Such waveshape gives rise to the presence of oscillatory harmonics mimicking genuine neuronal oscillations. Until recently, however, there has been no methodology for removing these harmonics from neuronal data. In order to address this long-standing challenge, we introduce a novel method (called HARMOnic miNImization - Harmoni) that removes the signal components which can be harmonics of a non-sinusoidal signal. Harmoni’s working principle is based on the presence of CFS between harmonic components and the fundamental component of a non-sinusoidal signal. We extensively tested Harmoni in realistic EEG simulations. The simulated couplings between the source signals represented genuine and spurious CFS and within-frequency phase synchronization. Using diverse evaluation criteria, including ROC analyses, we showed that the within- and cross-frequency spurious interactions are suppressed significantly, while the genuine activities are not affected. Additionally, we applied Harmoni to real resting-state EEG data revealing intricate remote connectivity patterns which are usually masked by the spurious connections. Given the ubiquity of non-sinusoidal neuronal oscillations in electrophysiological recordings, Harmoni is expected to facilitate novel insights into genuine neuronal interactions in various research fields, and can also serve as a steppingstone towards the development of further signal processing methods aiming at refining within- and cross-frequency synchronization in electrophysiological recordings.
Predicting selection-response gradients of heat tolerance in a widespread reef-building coral
Authors: Weeriyanun Ponchanok , Collins Rachael B. , Macadam Alex , Kiff Hugo , Randle Janna L. , Quigley Kate M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTOcean temperatures continue to rise due to climate change but it is unclear if heat tolerance of marine organisms will keep pace with warming. Understanding how tolerance scales from individuals to species and quantifying adaptive potentials is essential to forecasting responses to warming. We reproductively crossed corals from a globally distributed species (Acropora tenuis) on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia) from three thermally distinct reefs to create 85 offspring lineages. Individuals were experimentally exposed to temperatures (27.5, 31, and 35.5 °C) in adult and two critical early life stages (larval and settlement) to assess acquired heat tolerance via outcrossing of offspring phenotypes by comparing five physiological responses (photosynthetic yields, bleaching, necrosis, settlement, and survival). Adaptive potentials and physiological reaction norms were calculated across three stages to integrate heat tolerance at different biological scales. Selective breeding improved larval survival to heat by 1.5 - 2.5x but did not result in substantial enhancement of settlement, although population crosses were significantly different. At heat, adults were less variable compared to larval responses in warmer reefs compared to the cooler reef. Adults and offspring also differed in their mean population responses, likely underpinned by heat stress imposing strong divergent selection on adults. These results have implications for downstream selection during reproduction, evidenced by variability in a conserved heat tolerance response across offspring lineages. These results inform our ability to forecast the impacts of climate change on wild populations of corals and will aid in developing novel conservation tools like the assisted evolution of at-risk species.SUMMARY STATEMENTHeat stress exerts disruptive selection on adult corals. This likely underpins variability in offspring survival and results in differences in offspring responses to selection.
Measurements of EEG Alpha Peak Frequencies Over the Lifespan: Validating Target Ranges on an In-Clinic Platform
Authors: Joffe David , Oakley D S , Lucini F. Arese , Palermo F. X. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeak individual alpha frequencies (IAF) extracted from an EEG exam can provide novel sources of information regarding brain function. This information can help measure and track changes in cognition arising from conditions such as concussion or unhealthy aging.Objective 1To validate a method for combining eyes-closed EEG with eyes-closed audio P300 ERP in order to streamline testing times involved in IAF extraction.Objective 2To validate age-stratified target ranges of IAF collected in clinic against published researchObjective 3To validate the stability of IAF for data collected in routine clinical settings.ParticipantsTwo thousand twenty-five subjects aged 13-90.MethodsEEG with audio P300 was collected as part of a health screening exam for studies through Colorado University, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Boone Heart Institute, WAVi Co., and various clinics alongside other clinical evaluations.Results(1) No differences were seen between IAF extracted during an eyes-closed resting and the P300 protocol. (2) The age-related AF trends measured in clinic match the age-related trends from previous research. (3) IAF remained stable over the course of 0-2 years in a test-retest dataset.ConclusionIn-clinic measures of peak EEG frequency corroborate the age-related trends of published research taken over the last several decades and IAF. These results also confirm that IAF is a stable trait, making it useful for within-person longitudinal tracking. By following changes in IAF over time, deviations from normal CNS functioning, such as onset or progression of disease, can be monitored.
Seascape genomics reveals metapopulation connectivity network of Paramuricea biscaya in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Galaska Matthew P. , Liu Guangpeng , West Destiny , Erickson Katie , Quattrini Andrea , Bracco Annalisa , Herrera Santiago 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe degree of connectivity among populations influences their ability to respond to natural and anthropogenic stressors. In marine systems, determining the scale, rate, and directionality of larval dispersal is therefore central to understanding how coral metapopulations are interconnected and the degree of resiliency in the event of a localized disturbance. Understanding these source-sink dynamics is essential to guide restoration efforts and for the study of ecology and evolution in the ocean. The patterns and mechanisms of connectivity in the deep-sea (> 200 meters deep) are largely understudied. In this study, we investigated the spatial diversity patterns and metapopulation connectivity of the octocoral Paramuricea biscaya throughout the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Paramuricea biscaya is one of the most abundant corals on the lower continental slope (between 1200 and 2500 m) in the GoM. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) directly impacted populations of this species and thus are considered primary targets for restoration. We used a combination of seascape genomic analyses, high-resolution ocean circulation modeling, and larval dispersal simulations to quantify the degree of population structuring and connectivity among P. biscaya populations. Evidence supports the hypotheses that the genetic diversity of P. biscaya is predominantly structured by depth, and that larval dispersal among connected populations is asymmetric due to dominant ocean circulation patterns. Our results suggest that there are intermediate unsampled populations in the central GoM that serve as stepping stones for dispersal. The data suggest that the DeSoto Canyon area, and possibly the West Florida Escarpment, critically act as sources of larvae for areas impacted by the DWH oil spill in the Mississippi Canyon. This work illustrates that the management of deep-sea marine protected areas should incorporate knowledge of connectivity networks and depth-dependent processes throughout the water column.
Prediction and preview strongly affect reading times but not skipping during natural reading
Authors: Heilbron Micha , van Haren Jorie , Hagoort Peter , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a typical text, readers look much longer at some words than at others and fixate some words multiple times, while skipping others altogether. Historically, researchers explained this variation via low-level visual or oculomotor factors, but today it is primarily explained in terms of cognitive factors, such as how well word identity can be predicted from context or discerned from parafoveal preview. While the existence of these effects has been well established in experiments, the relative importance of prediction, preview and low-level factors for eye movement variation in natural reading is unclear. Here, we address this question in three large datasets (n=104, 1.5 million words), using a deep neural network and Bayesian ideal observer to model linguistic prediction and parafoveal preview from moment to moment in natural reading. Strikingly, neither prediction nor preview was important for explaining word skipping – the vast majority of skipping was explained by a simple oculomotor model. For reading times, by contrast, we found strong but independent contributions of both prediction and preview, with effect sizes matching those from controlled experiments. Together, these results challenge dominant models of eye movements in reading by showing that linguistic prediction and parafoveal preview are not important determinants of word skipping.
Kilometer-scale larval dispersal processes predict metapopulation connectivity pathways for Paramuricea biscaya in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Liu Guangpeng , Bracco Annalisa , Quattrini Andrea M. , Herrera Santiago 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFine-scale larval dispersal and connectivity processes are key to species survival, growth, recovery and adaptation under rapidly changing disturbances. Quantifying both are required to develop any effective management strategy. In the present work, we examine the dispersal pattern and potential connectivity of a common deep-water coral, Paramuricea biscaya, found in the northern Gulf of Mexico by evaluating predictions of physical models with estimates of genetic connectivity. While genetic approaches provide estimates of realized connectivity, they do not provide information on the dispersal process. Physical circulation models can now achieve kilometer-scale resolution sufficient to provide detailed insight into the pathways and scales of larval dispersal. A high-resolution regional ocean circulation model is integrated for 2015 and its advective pathways are compared with the outcome of the genetic connectivity estimates of corals collected at six locations over the continental slope at depths comprised between 1000 and 3000 meters. Furthermore, the likely interannual variability is extrapolated using ocean hindcasts available for this basin. The general connectivity pattern exhibits a dispersal trend from east to west following 1000 to 2000-meter isobaths, corresponding to the overall westward near-bottom circulation. The connectivity networks predicted by our model were mostly congruent with the estimated genetic connectivity patterns. Our results show that although dispersal distances of 100 km or less are common, depth differences between tens to a few hundred meters can effectively limit larval dispersal. A probabilistic graphic model suggests that stepping-stone dispersal mediated by intermediate sites provides a likely mechanism for long-distance connectivity between the populations separated by distances of 300 km or greater, such as those found in the DeSoto and Keathley canyons.
Software choice and depth of sequence coverage can impact plastid genome assembly – A case study in the narrow endemic Calligonum bakuense
Authors: Giorgashvili Eka , Reichel Katja , Caswara Calvinna , Kerimov Vuqar , Borsch Thomas , Gruenstaeudl Michael 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTMost plastid genome sequences are assembled from short-read whole-genome sequencing data, yet the impact that sequence coverage and the choice of assembly software can have on the accuracy of the resulting assemblies is poorly understood. In this study, we test the impact of both factors on plastid genome assembly in the threatened and rare endemic shrub Calligonum bakuense, which forms a distinct lineage in the genus Calligonum. We aim to characterize the differences across plastid genome assemblies generated by different assembly software tools and levels of sequence coverage and to determine if these differences are large enough to affect the phylogenetic position inferred for C. bakuense. Four assembly software tools (FastPlast, GetOrganelle, IOGA, and NOVOPlasty) and three levels of sequence coverage (original depth, 2,000x, and 500x) are compared in our analyses. The resulting assemblies are evaluated with regard to reproducibility, contig number, gene complement, inverted repeat length, and computation time; the impact of sequence differences on phylogenetic tree inference is also assessed. Our results show that software choice can have a considerable impact on the accuracy and reproducibility of plastid genome assembly and that GetOrganelle produced the most consistent assemblies for C. bakuense. Moreover, we found that a cap in sequence coverage can reduce both the sequence variability across assembly contigs and computation time. While no evidence was found that the sequence variability across assemblies was large enough to affect the phylogenetic position inferred for C. bakuense, differences among the assemblies may influence genotype recognition at the population level.