bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Objections to Cultural Appropriation in the Arts
Authors: Young James O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Some writers have objected to cultural appropriation in the arts on the grounds that it violates cultures’ property rights. Recently a paper by Erich Matthes and another by C. Thi Nguyen and Matthew Strohl have argued that cultural appropriation does not violate property rights but that it is nevertheless often objectionable. Matthes argues that cultural appropriation contributes to the oppression of disadvantaged cultures. Nguyen and Strohl argue that it violated the intimacy of cultures. This paper argues that neither Matthes nor Nguyen and Strohl succeed in showing that cultural appropriation is often objectionable.
A New Target for Temple Volumization? An Anatomical and Ultrasound-Guided Study of the Intermediate Temporal Fat Pad
Authors: Surek Christopher C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Current techniques for temple volumization primarily focus on deep or superficial targets. Further anatomical exploration of intermediate injection targets is warranted.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomy of the intermediate temporal fat pad (ITFP) as it relates to filler injection procedures and to explore the utilization of ultrasound technology for clinical localization.

Methods
Ultrasound technology was utilized to identify and inject red dyed hyaluronic acid filler into the ITFP in 20 hemifacial fresh cadavers. Cross-sectional dissection was performed to confirm injection accuracy and document pertinent anatomical relationships. The same technique was performed in a single clinical patient case employing ultrasound guidance and injectable saline.

Results
The ITFP is a quadrangular structure located in the anterior-inferior bony trough. The ITFP is supplied by a middle temporal artery branch and encased between the superficial and deep layers of deep temporal fascia. In 18 of 20 (90%) injections performed under ultrasound guidance, the injected product was accurately delivered to the substance of the ITFP, and in 2 of 20 (10%), the product was found immediately below the deep layer of deep temporal fascia within the temporalis muscle. In the single clinical case, saline was successfully injected in the ITFP under ultrasound guidance.

Conclusions
The ITFP is a consistent anatomical structure in the anterior-inferior trough of the temporal fossa. Ultrasound technology can be utilized to identify and inject the fat pad. Further clinical evaluation will determine the role of this fat pad as a potential intermediate injection target for temple volumization procedures.
Optimal post-selection inference for sparse signals: a nonparametric empirical Bayes approach
Authors: Woody S , Padilla O H M , Scott J G 
Published: February 2021

SummaryMany recently developed Bayesian methods focus on sparse signal detection. However, much less work has been done on the natural follow-up question: how does one make valid inferences for the magnitude of those signals after selection? Ordinary Bayesian credible intervals suffer from selection bias, as do ordinary frequentist confidence intervals. Existing Bayesian methods for correcting this bias produce credible intervals with poor frequentist properties. Further, existing frequentist approaches require sacrificing the benefits of shrinkage typical in Bayesian methods, resulting in confidence intervals that are needlessly wide. We address this gap by proposing a nonparametric empirical Bayes approach to constructing optimal selection-adjusted confidence sets. Our method produces confidence sets that are as short as possible on average, while both adjusting for selection and maintaining exact frequentist coverage uniformly over the parameter space. We demonstrate an important consistency property of our procedure: under mild conditions, it asymptotically converges to the results of an oracle-Bayes analysis in which the prior distribution of signal sizes is known exactly. Across a series of examples, the method is found to outperform existing frequentist techniques for post-selection inference, producing confidence sets that are notably shorter, but with the same coverage guarantee.
Clinical Efficacy of Cefixime for the Treatment of Early Syphilis
Authors: Stafylis Chrysovalantis , Keith Kori , Mehta Shivani , Tellalian David , Burian Pamela , Millner Carl , Klausner Jeffrey D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Safe and efficacious alternative treatment options for syphilis are necessary. This randomized, 2-arm, noncomparative pilot study evaluated the efficacy of oral cefixime 400 mg in achieving a ≥4-fold rapid plasma reagin titer decrease by 3 or 6 months after treatment. The proportion of cefixime arm participants treated successfully was 87% (95% confidence interval, 69%–100%; 13/15).
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03752112.
UbiNet 2.0: a verified, classified, annotated and updated database of E3 ubiquitin ligase–substrate interactions
Authors: Li Zhongyan , Chen Siyu , Jhong Jhih-Hua , Pang Yuxuan , Huang Kai-Yao , Li Shangfu , Lee Tzong-Yi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUbiquitination is an important post-translational modification, which controls protein turnover by labeling malfunctional and redundant proteins for proteasomal degradation, and also serves intriguing non-proteolytic regulatory functions. E3 ubiquitin ligases, whose substrate specificity determines the recognition of target proteins of ubiquitination, play crucial roles in ubiquitin–proteasome system. UbiNet 2.0 is an updated version of the database UbiNet. It contains 3332 experimentally verified E3–substrate interactions (ESIs) in 54 organisms and rich annotations useful for investigating the regulation of ubiquitination and the substrate specificity of E3 ligases. Based on the accumulated ESIs data, the recognition motifs in substrates for each E3 were also identified and a functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the collected substrates. To facilitate the research on ESIs with different categories of E3 ligases, UbiNet 2.0 performed strictly evidence-based classification of the E3 ligases in the database based on their mechanisms of ubiquitin transfer and substrate specificity. The platform also provides users with an interactive tool that can visualize the ubiquitination network of a group of self-defined proteins, displaying ESIs and protein–protein interactions in a graphical manner. The tool can facilitate the exploration of inner regulatory relationships mediated by ubiquitination among proteins of interest. In summary, UbiNet 2.0 is a user-friendly web-based platform that provides comprehensive as well as updated information about experimentally validated ESIs and a visualized tool for the construction of ubiquitination regulatory networks available at http://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/~ubinet/index.php.
Development of a biomarker database toward performing disease classification and finding disease interrelations
Authors: Hossain Shaikh Farhad , Huang Ming , Ono Naoaki , Morita Aki , Kanaya Shigehiko , Altaf-Ul-Amin Md 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A biomarker is a measurable indicator of a disease or abnormal state of a body that plays an important role in disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. The biomarker has become a significant topic due to its versatile usage in the medical field and in rapid detection of the presence or severity of some diseases. The volume of biomarker data is rapidly increasing and the identified data are scattered. To provide comprehensive information, the explosively growing data need to be recorded in a single platform. There is no open-source freely available comprehensive online biomarker database. To fulfill this purpose, we have developed a human biomarker database as part of the KNApSAcK family databases which contain a vast quantity of information on the relationships between biomarkers and diseases. We have classified the diseases into 18 disease classes, mostly according to the National Center for Biotechnology Information definitions. Apart from this database development, we also have performed disease classification by separately using protein and metabolite biomarkers based on the network clustering algorithm DPClusO and hierarchical clustering. Finally, we reached a conclusion about the relationships among the disease classes. The human biomarker database can be accessed online and the inter-disease relationships may be helpful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diseases. To our knowledge, this is one of the first approaches to classify diseases based on biomarkers.
Database URL: http://www.knapsackfamily.com/Biomarker/top.php
Total velocity-based finite volume discretization of two-phase Darcy flow in highly heterogeneous media with discontinuous capillary pressure
Authors: Brenner K , Masson R , Quenjel E H , Droniou J 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work proposes a finite volume scheme for two-phase Darcy flow in heterogeneous porous media with different rock types. The fully implicit discretization is based on cell-centered, as well as face-centered degrees of freedom in order to capture accurately the nonlinear transmission conditions at different rock type interfaces. These conditions play a major role in the flow dynamics. The scheme is formulated with natural physical unknowns, and the notion of global pressure is only introduced to analyze its stability and convergence. It combines a two-point flux approximation of the gradient normal fluxes with a Hybrid Upwinding approximation of the transport terms. The convergence of the scheme to a weak solution is established taking into account the discontinuous capillary pressure at different rock type interfaces and the degeneracy of the phase mobilities. Numerical experiments show the additional robustness of the proposed discretization compared with the classical Phase Potential Upwinding approach.
Human Antibody Responses Following Vaccinia Immunization Using Protein Microarrays and Correlation With Cell-Mediated Immunity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses
Authors: Frey Sharon E , Stapleton Jack T , Ballas Zuhair K , Rasmussen Wendy L , Kaufman Thomas M , Blevins Tammy P , Jensen Travis L , Davies D Huw , Tary-Lehmann Magdalena , Chaplin Paul , Hill Heather , Goll Johannes B ,   DMID 09-0002 MVA Vaccine Study Group, Belshe Robert B , Wald Anna , Johnston Christine , Jackson Lisa A , Winokur Patricia , Keitel Wendy , El Sahly Hana , Atmar Robert , Patel Shital M , El-Kamary Samer S , Chen Wilbur H , Edupuganti Srilatha , Rouphael Nadine , Mulligan Mark , Edwards Kathryn M , Creech C Buddy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data regarding immunological correlates of protection for the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) smallpox vaccine.MethodsA total of 523 vaccinia-naive subjects were randomized to receive 2 vaccine doses, as lyophilized MVA given subcutaneously, liquid MVA given subcutaneously (liquid-SC group), or liquid MVA given intradermally (liquid-ID group) 28 days apart. For a subset of subjects, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), interferon-γ release enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), and protein microarray antibody-binding assays were conducted. Protein microarray responses were assessed for correlations with plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ADCC, and ELISPOT results.ResultsMVA elicited significant microarray antibody responses to 15 of 224 antigens, mostly virion membrane proteins, at day 28 or 42, particularly WR113/D8L and WR101H3L. In the liquid-SC group, responses to 9 antigens, including WR113/D8L and WR101/H3L, correlated with PRNT results. Three were correlated in the liquid-ID group. No significant correlations were observed with ELISPOT responses. In the liquid-ID group, WR052/F13L, a membrane glycoprotein, correlated with ADCC responses.ConclusionsMVA elicited antibodies to 15 vaccinia strain antigens representing virion membrane. Antibody responses to 2 proteins strongly increased and significantly correlated with increases in PRNT. Responses to these proteins are potential correlates of protection and may serve as immunogens for future vaccine development.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT00914732.
Trapping Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Different Crop Habitats in Togo and Ghana
Authors: Koffi Djima , Agboka Komi , Adjevi Anani Kossi Mawuko , Assogba Kodjo , Fening Ken Okwae , Osae Michael , Aboagye Ebenezer , Meagher Robert L , Nagoshi Rodney N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The economic impact of the invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into Africa has so far been limited to maize agriculture but could potentially impact many other crops. Trapping based on pheromone lures provides a cost-effective method for detecting this important pest (commonly known as fall armyworm) and will be essential for large-scale monitoring of populations to determine its geographical distribution and migration behavior as the species equilibrates to its new environment. However, the effective use of pheromone trapping requires optimization for a given location. An earlier report demonstrated that two commercial lures (one 3-component and the other 4-component) that were effective for trapping S. frugiperda in maize fields in Togo, Africa. The current study extends these findings to agricultural areas that differ in plant host composition (maize, pasture grasses, rice, and sorghum) in multiple locations in Ghana and Togo. In two seasons, significantly higher numbers of moths were found in maize, and in one season, higher numbers were found in rice than in sorghum and pasture grass systems. The results confirm the effectiveness of pheromone trapping and identify pheromone lures and trapping methods best suited for the different agroecosystems common to West Africa and that are at risk of infestation by S. frugiperda.
The diving behavior of African clawless and spotted-necked otters in freshwater environments
Authors: Jordaan Rowan K , Somers Michael J , McIntyre Trevor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the diving behavior of semiaquatic mammals, particularly in relation to estimated aerobic dive limits and diet, is important to understand their adaptability and potential vulnerability to changes in prey type and distribution. The diving behavior of African clawless otters, Aonyx capensis, and spotted-necked otters, Hydrictis maculicollis, is poorly known, and no estimates of their dive performance in relation to targeted prey and calculated dive limits have been reported previously for freshwater environments. We investigated the diving behavior of both these otter species in freshwater environments within South Africa through video recordings of direct observations and subsequent video analyses where dive and recovery durations and dive function were recorded. African clawless otters were found to perform longer dives (mean ± SD = 26.9 ± 12.2 s), compared to spotted-necked otters (8.5 ± 7.6 s). African clawless otters showed substantial variation in dive durations, with the shortest dives sometimes lasting &lt; 5 s, and the longest recorded dive being 70 s. The majority of spotted-necked otter dives lasted &lt; 10 s, with the shortest recorded dive lasting 0.66 s and the longest recorded dive lasting 50.9 s. Spotted-necked otters performed different dive types that were evidently dependent on prey targeted, with dives targeting crabs (16.10 ± 1.91 s) being longer than dives targeting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (5.58 ± 0.17 s). The theoretical dive durations of African clawless otters were exceeded during play dives, while spotted-necked otters sometimes exceeded their theoretical dive durations when performing successful foraging dives. The results of this study suggest that spotted-necked otters can vary behavior in relation to prey and exceed theoretical dive duration during successful foraging dives to maximize the net rate of energy gain. Furthermore, when considering known individual-level dietary specialization and plasticity in these species, it may be predicted that dive behaviors are likely to vary substantially among individuals, and in relation to prey availability and localized habitat conditions.
Making sound public health decisions for the roll-out of COVID-19 vaccines
Authors: Priyanka   , Choudhary, Om Prakash , Singh Indraj 
Published: February 2021

Highlight/Teaser
The universal mitigation of the pandemic triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 relies on successfully implementing a fast-paced immunization program based on an efficient framework encompassing the in-field logistics of the vaccine distribution, coverage and efficacy. The forthcoming challenges and resolution plans for executing the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination have been comprehensively outlined in the present discourse.
Thioredoxin-mediated regulation of (photo)respiration and central metabolism
Authors: da Fonseca-Pereira Paula , Souza Paulo V L , Fernie Alisdair R , Timm Stefan , Daloso Danilo M , Araújo Wagner L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous proteins engaged in the redox regulation of plant metabolism. Whilst the light-dependent TRX-mediated activation of Calvin–Benson cycle enzymes is well documented, the role of extraplastidial TRXs in the control of the mitochondrial (photo)respiratory metabolism has been revealed relatively recently. Mitochondrially located TRX o1 has been identified as a regulator of alternative oxidase, enzymes of, or associated with, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD) involved in photorespiration, the TCA cycle, and the degradation of branched chain amino acids. TRXs are seemingly a major point of metabolic regulation responsible for activating photosynthesis and adjusting mitochondrial photorespiratory metabolism according to the prevailing cellular redox status. Furthermore, TRX-mediated (de)activation of TCA cycle enzymes contributes to explain the non-cyclic flux mode of operation of this cycle in illuminated leaves. Here we provide an overview on the decisive role of TRXs in the coordination of mitochondrial metabolism in the light and provide in silico evidence for other redox-regulated photorespiratory enzymes. We further discuss the consequences of mtLPD regulation beyond photorespiration and provide outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies to improve our understanding of the role of TRXs in the regulation of central metabolism.
‘too beautiful’: useless art and the queerly optimistic Make Your Own Brainard Project
Authors: Cran Rona 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article offers an account of the British Academy-funded Make Your Own Brainard project, which has put the work of New York School artist and poet Joe Brainard into dialogue with digital media and digital media users via an interactive website: www.makeyourownbrainard.com. The project has created a digital corpus of previous un-exhibited paper fragments (hi-res, 2d images) which were intended for use in Brainard’s collages and were discovered among his possessions a number of years after his death. It has enabled users to create their own collages out of the fragments, either digitally or by downloading and printing them for manual assemblage, via a freely accessible bespoke website and app. In doing so the project provides a model for the social and academic significance of user-driven, non-hierarchical, non-monetized artistic activities, and emphasizes the value of enabling and promoting the practical, emotional, and inspirational aspects of making, sharing, and talking about art, rather than inertly observing it. It also argues that the project calls for a reassessment of value judgments regarding ‘fun’ or even ‘useless’ art, and suggests that in its queer optimism it raises important questions about existing hegemonic narratives surrounding academic impact, funding for the arts, and the digital humanities.
Head Wounds Received During Force-on-Force Training With Non-lethal Ammunition
Authors: Biggs Adam T , Doubrava Matthew R , Littlejohn Lanny F 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Close quarters combat training is designed to replicate the mental and physiological stressors of firing upon an adversary while in close proximity. One method to replicate combat stressors is to use non-lethal training ammunition specifically designed for force-on-force exercises. These rounds can be fired from slightly modified service-issued weapons and provide a pain sensation upon striking the opponent. The current investigation presents a case study of several injuries when these rounds impacted the head directly, which is a primary area of concern for safety issues. Most impacts produced initial swelling that reduced substantially within the first few hours. Approximately 24 hours later, the swelling disappeared entirely with a visible contusion near the impact center. Bruising would typically clear within a few days. However, another example produced sufficient bleeding to require intervention before continuing with the training exercises and sanguineous crust or scabbing rather than the typical contusion. Pain was minimal for all wounds after only several days, which aligns with previous research on pain from non-lethal training ammunition wounds. Based on the head wounds observed here, loss of eyesight is a realistic possibility. Eye protection should be a requisite across all force-on-force training exercises without exception. This case study documents some potential hazards of force-on-force training, but more importantly, it further highlights the need for medically informed training standards about engagement distances and personal protective equipment.
Comparison of Perceived and Measured Body Composition in a Military Population: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sibille Florian , Pretalli Jean-Baptiste , Grillot Julienne 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Weight status perception (WSP) is the subjective assessment of one’s own body weight. It is not correlated with the body mass index (BMI). People practicing sports, including overweight people, tend to perceive themselves as normal weight. The military is in a paradoxical position between the need to gain muscle mass for professional purposes while respecting BMI standards. Using body composition might be more advantageous than using BMI as part of an individual approach in making a decision about fitness to serve. However, measuring body composition is not easy in current practice, and a bridge between WSP and body composition would make it possible to develop a simple assessment tool.

Materials and Methods
This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. We collected sociodemographic data, anthropometric data, and WSP.

Results
Thirty-eight subjects were included. Among them, 71.1% were male. Mean age was 31.2 years (SD 8.9). The BMI was greater than 25 for 15 (39.5%) subjects. Twenty-four (63.2%) defined themselves as being overweight. Thirteen were overweight according to fat percentage (Fat%). A significant association (P = .008) was found between WSP and Fat%.

Conclusion
We were able to show a statistically significant association between WSP and Fat%. Such an association may be of great interest because the measurement of the Fat%, whatever the method used, is not easy in current practice. A replication of the study in the general population would be of great interest, especially since Fat% is closely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and many cancers.