bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Horizons for the Use of Edoxaban to Treat Brachiocephalic Vein Thrombosis in Primitive Mediastinal Seminoma. Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors: Fioretti Agnese Maria , Leopizzi Tiziana , Argentiero Antonella , Latorre Agnese Carmela , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Lorusso Vito , Oliva Stefano 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCancer-associated thrombosis is a worrisome complication for patients receiving chemotherapy. Management of anticoagulant therapy is complex in cancer patients because of comorbidities such as thrombocytopenia, renal impairment and a hypercoagulability due to the cancer itself. Therefore, tailoring anticoagulant treatment is challenging. Case presentationWe describe the case of a 35-year-old male patient with primitive mediastinal seminoma undergoing treatment with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP protocol) who presented with marked upper-extremity vein thrombosis unresponsive to low molecular weight heparin. After unsuccessful therapy with heparin, therapy was switched to edoxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, which was able to dissolve the huge thrombus, suggesting that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be a reliable option especially in long-term anticoagulant treatments like in this case.A short review of the literature on cancer-related thrombosis and the use of direct oral anticoagulants in malignancies is also presented. ConclusionsOur case suggests that in severe and extended cancer-associated thrombosis, instituting treatment with direct oral anticoagulants instead of low molecular weight heparin can be an effective, safe and practical option. This choice is preferred by most patients as shown by their proper adherence to treatment.
Effect of Valproic Acid on miRNAs Affecting Histone Deacetylase in a Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Günel Nur Selvi , Birden Nihal , Kurt Cansu Çalışkan , Bağca Bakiye Göker , shademan behrouz , Soğutlu Fatma , Ozates Neslihan Pinar , Avci Cigir Biray 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system seen in the thyroid gland. More than 90% of thyroid cancers comprise papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Although anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for less than 2% of thyroid cancer. But patients' lifespan after diagnosis is about 6 months. Surgical interventions, radioactive iodine use, and chemotherapy are not sufficient in the treatment of ATC, so alternative therapies are needed. The WST-1 assay test was performed to evaluate the anti-proliferative effects of Valproic acid (VPA). Also, Effect of VPA on miRNAs affecting histone deacetylase were determined by Quantitative RT-PCR. In BRAFV600E / mut SW1736 (SW1736) cell line IC50 dose for VPA found 1.6 mg/ml. in our study, the level of oncogenic genes expression in cells treated with VPA, including miR-184, miR-222-5p, miR-124-3p, and miR-328-3p, decreased. Also, the expression of tumor inhibitory genes is miR-323-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-138-5p, miR-217, miR-15a-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-324-5p and miR-101- 5p increased significantly. VPA can ad-just countless gene expression patterns, including microRNAs (miRNAs), by targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC). We got very promising results with VPA.
COP Adoption, Implications and Projections of Climate Change Mitigation Policy for ASEAN Region
Authors: ahmed adeel , Al-Amin Abul Quasem , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Doberstein Brent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Climate Change is a critical concern for Southeast Asia as this region is extremely vulnerable to the extreme weather patterns, temperature fluctuations and uneven precipitation expected under climate change, and thus vulnerability is expected to increase in the future. With this background, this study aims to analyze the readiness of ASEAN member countries to undertake the promised determinants of INDCs by the Paris Agreement and transfer these into measurable actions, and also to explore how ASEAN nations may reduce climatic threats over time. Consequently, a long run RICE (Regional Integrated Climate and Economy) based dynamic non-linear numerical model for the economy and environment was utilised. Simulation forecasts investigated several alternatives in order to determine optimal climate strategies against global-warming in the region, using both an Optimal Scenario (OS) and Business-as-usual (BAU) projections from 2020 to 2060. The results indicate that under an optimal scenario, industrial emissions are estimated in monetary values, RM14.05 (US$1=RM4.30)(btCO2 per year) in 2040 and RM31.99 (btCO2 per year) by 2060. These estimated values under OS are striking for sustainable development since they are far lower than BAU projections. Carbon price (RM per tCO2) by OS indicates that the carbon tax could be RM224.65 in 2040, RM258.16 in 2050 and RM245.41 in 2060 per tCO2. The collected carbon tax can be reinvested by ASEAN nations in order to implement alternative backstop technologies and technological innovation. The optimal scenario outcomes examined for carbon emission reduction are tempting since they can support a strong balance between sustainable development and quality environment. Despite long-run economic assumptions, the findings are still a worthy means by which ASEAN governments can compare climate change mitigation strategies while also making amendments for any unexpected developments.
Effects of Boric Acid on Invasion, Migration, Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cell Cycle and miRNAs in Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells
Authors: Yıldırım Onurcan , Seçme Mücahit , Dodurga Yavuz , Mete Gülçin Abban , Fenkci Semin Melahat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), which makes up 5-10% of all thyroid cancers, is a highly aggressive and chemotherapeutically resistant cancer originating from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid. In recent years, testing of new biological, chemical or natural compounds as an alternative to existing agents used in cancer treatment has been a popular research topic. One of these compounds is boric acid originating from the element boron, and studies have shown that it has anti-carcinogenic, anti-osteoporotic and anti-oxidant effects. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic effects of boric acid on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms in TT medullary thyroid cancer cell line under in vitro conditions.Methodology: The effects of boric acid on cell viability was determined by XTT assay. Total RNA was isolated by Trizol reagent. Gene and miRNA expressions were analyzed by RT-PCR. Effects of boric acid on apoptosis were analyzed by TUNEL assay and genotoxicity was performed by comet assay. Effects of boric acid on cell invasion, colony formation and cell migration were detected by matrigel-chamber, colony formation assay and wound healing assay, respectively. Results: In order to determine the effect of boric acid on cell viability and 50% lethal dose, the XTT method was employed and IC50 dose was found to be 35 μM at 48th hour. A real-time PCR test was used to investigate changes in cell cycle and apoptosis related genes and proteins and identified miRNAs under the addition of boric acid. In addition, miR-21 was significantly reduced in medullary thyroid cancer associated with cancer aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Using the Tunnel test, the apoptosis rate in the dose group cells were found as 14%. Matrigel invasion test showed a 30.8% decrease in invasion in the dose group and colony formation test decreased 67.9% in the dose group. Using the wound healing assay, it has been found that migration was reduced, and the Comet assay has shown that DNA fractures increased after treatment with boric acid.Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study have shown that boric acid can be used as a potential anticancer agent in medullary thyroid cancer and other cancers caused by similar mechanisms.
Strabismus in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Risk Factors and the Effect of Macular Ectopia
Authors: Karamert Selin Şahin , Atalay H. Tuba , Özdek Şengül 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aimed to examine factors associated with strabismus in patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and the relationship between strabismus and macular ectopia.MethodsPatients with ROP were divided into three groups: Group 1, patients with spontaneous regression (n=45); Group 2, patients who received laser treatment (n=70); and Group 3, patients who underwent surgical treatment (n=91). Rates of anisometropia, amblyopia, nystagmus, macular ectopia, and retinal pathologies were evaluated and their impacts on strabismus development were determined. Disc-to-fovea distance (DFD) was measured from coloured fundus pictures and the correlation of macular ectopia with severity of strabismus was evaluated.ResultsA total of 206 patients were included. Rates of anisometropia, amblyopia, nystagmus, macular ectopia, retinal pathologies causing blindness, and strabismus were higher in Group 3 (p=0.0001) and correlated with higher stages of ROP (p=0.0001). Macular ectopia (p=0.005), retinal pathologies (p=0.005), and amblyopia (p=0.012) had the strongest impact on strabismus development in ROP patients. DFD and severity of strabismus were not significantly correlated (p=0.364). Mean visual acuity (VA) was significantly higher in orthophoric patients compared to those with esotropia and exotropia (p=0.027). Patients with esotropia had lower VA compared to patients with exotropia, but this finding was not statistically significant (p=0.729).ConclusionPresence of macular ectopia, retinal pathologies, and amblyopia were the most strongly correlated risk factors for strabismus development in ROP patients. DFD was not associated with severity of strabismus. Exotropia was mostly related to higher DFD and a possible relationship between esotropia and lower VA was encountered.
Modelling And Simulating Biogeochemical Cycles: The BCS Freeware
Authors: Cadan Fellipe Magioli , Xavier Chubraider , Azevedo Eduardo Bessa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The use of simulation is a scientific-recognized way of studying biogeochemical cycles. That assumption is even more relevant when the study scope involves one or more disturbances: in that case, simulation helps students gain insight into the response dynamics of the respective biogeochemical cycle. The development of simulation tools for high school and undergraduate courses did not progress much for the last couple of decades, despite of the advances in computer science. Trying to fill in that gap, this paper presents the BCS (Biogeochemical Cycles Simulator) freeware, an up-to-dated choice for older simulators. The BCS is a light-weighted, user-friendly, Windows®-based simulator, whose results are in accordance with two former simulation tools. In fact, using the sulfur biogeochemical cycle as an example, the simulation results from two sequential disturbances were compared with those of the former tools: the sum of relative errors between the three tools was never greater than 2.7%. The major improvements made include: a friendly graphical user interface, unlimited number of reservoirs, direct input of mass fluxes, multi-disturbance assessment, and fully customizable plots. The BCS has been used in case studies, in a Biogeochemical Cycles course of a B.S. in Chemistry at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. One can observe that simulation helped students to develop decision-making and group-working skills, as well as enhanced data interpretation. Moreover, the students were able to recognize how even small disturbances can cause short- and long-term negative impacts on biogeochemical cycles.
Impact of short rotation willow as riparian land-use practice on soil organic carbon fractions and composition from two contiguous wetland systems in the prairie pothole region.
Authors: Shahariar Shayeb , Peak Derek , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Bedard-Haughn Angela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Evaluating the impact of land-use practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the Canadian prairie pothole region (PPR) is of concern due to the potential to sequester carbon and sustaining soil health. In a field experiment, SOC content, carbon fractions, and chemical composition were assessed under short rotation willow (SRW) plantation in the marginal riparian zones of two PPR wetland sites and compared with adjacent annual crop (AC) and pasture (PA). The SOC, water extractable (WEOC), light fraction (LFOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) were used to evaluate the content and its fractions, whereas Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical composition. The SOC was higher in PA in both sites; however, significant (p < 0.05) only in site B. The SOC, LFOC, and POC followed a similar land-use pattern in both sites, i.e., PA > SRW = AC. The SOC and WEOC were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 0–15 cm across all land-use practices. The ratios of phenolic and amides to polysaccharides were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in site A, while aromatic and carboxylic to polysaccharides were lower under SRW in both sites indicated microbial synthesis of these substances. The abundance of SOC functional groups was higher in the subsoil, accompanied by altered spectral properties with depths showing the potential soil organic matter transformation related to carbon fractions changes. The higher alkyl-C to O-alkyl-C ratio at 15–30 cm under SRW suggested a higher degree of decomposition and better SOC stability.
Chemotherapeutic Agents Increase PD-L1 Expression in A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Ajdary Haniye , Safaei Sahar , Hashemzadeh Shahryar , Kazemi Tohid , Shanehbandi Dariush , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Javadrashid Darya , Amini Mohammad , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

With the highest mortality rate, lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Increasing PD-L1 expression is one of the mechanisms of ineffective anti-tumor response and immune evasion, which causes poor prognosis and survival rate. Chemotherapy has its own limitations such as drug resistance and the escape of cancer cells from the immune system. The current research aimed to assess the effects of common chemotherapy agents used in lung cancer on PD-L1 expression in tumor cells in order to help for selecting appropriate treatment regimens to increase patient survival.
Methods

First, A549 cells were cultured, and the expression of PD-L1 on this cell line was measured by qRT-PCR. Then, the viability of cancer cells was examined by MTT test. PD-L1 gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR in A549 cell line, after treatment with chemotherapy agents.
Results

PD-L1 gene expression was increased after 24 and 48 hours after treatment with cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel and carboplatin. The IC50 of the mentioned drugs 24 hours after treatment were evaluated 27, 38.79, 18.66, and 54.17 µg/ml respectively.
Conclusion

The current study shows that PD-L1 expression increases in response to carboplatin, docetaxel, cisplatin, and paclitaxel in A549 cell line. This indicates that chemotherapy agents cause immune evasion by increasing PD-L1 expression on cancer cells, which makes these cells resistant to the immune system. The results also showed that carboplatin, docetaxel, cisplatin, and paclitaxel at 48 hours after treatment had a greater effect on increasing PD-L1 expression than 24 hours after treatment.
Influence of La-impurities and Plasma Treatment on the Structural and Optical Properties of Some Bismuth Calcium Borate Glasses
Authors: mohamed nasra , Gomaa Hosam M. , Saudi H. A. , shasly raed M. el , El-Meligy W. M. , El-Hossary F. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research work aims to the estimation of the effect of the addition of La2O3, by different amounts in wt. %, to the matrix of the bismuth calcium borate glass. The fast cooling procedure was used to prepare the suggested compositions. XRD was used to inspecting the internal structural phases of the prepared samples, where XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous natures of all samples. It was found that the La-additives act to increase the glass density, micro hardness, and optical absorption. While the plasma treatment using N2 acted to reduce both the relative intensity of XRD and the optical absorption.
Human Sorting Nexin 2 Protein Interacts With Influenza A Virus PA Protein and Has a Negative Regulatory Effect on the Virus Replication
Authors: Kocmar Tugba , Caglayan Elif , Rayaman Erkan , Nagata Kyosuke , Turan Kadir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Replication of the influenza A viruses occurs in the cells through the viral RdRP consisting of PB1, PB2, and PA. Several cellular proteins are involved in these processes. To identify potential host interacting proteins to the viral PA, we have carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen using a HEK293 cell cDNA library. We focused our study on human SNX2 protein, which interacts with the PA protein in yeast cells. By using the co-immunoprecipitation assays, we have demonstrated that the amino-terminal part of the PA was important for binding to the SNX2 protein. Subcellular localization of the PA and human SNX2 proteins in HeLa cells supported this interaction. Knockdown of SNX2 with siRNA transfection in the cells resulted in a significant increase in both viral transcripts and proteins, suggesting that SNX2 could be a negative factor. However, the increase of SNX2 proteins in transfected cells didn’t cause a significant change in the viral RdRP activity in mini-replicon assay. This may suggest that the negative effect of SNX2 on the influenza A virus replication could be saturated with its authentic intra-cellular amount. Therefore, the regulatory mechanism for the amount of SNX2 is important to be studied in terms of influenza A virus replication.
Extended Ensemble Molecular Dynamics Study of Cellulose I–Ethylenediamine Complex Crystal Models: Atomistic Picture of Desorption Behaviors of Ethylenediamine
Authors: Yui Toshifumi , Uto Takuya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cellulose I crystals swell on exposure to ethylenediamine (EDA) molecules to form a cellulose I–EDA complex, and successive extraction of EDA molecules converts the complex crystalline phase to either original cellulose I or cellulose IIII, depending on the treatment procedure. The present study reports the extended ensemble molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the cellulose I–EDA complex models. An accelerated MD simulation allows most of the EDA molecules to desorb from the crystal model through a hydrophilic channel between the piles of cellulose chains, one at a time. Migration of a single EDA molecule along the channel is simulated by the adopted steered MD method combined with the umbrella sampling method to evaluate the potential of mean force (PMF) or free energy change on its movement. The PMF continues to increase during the migration of an EDA molecule to give a final PMF value of more than 30 kcal/mol. The PMF profiles are largely lowered by the removal of EDA molecules in the neighboring channels and by the widening of the channel. The former suggests that the EDA desorption cooperates with that in the neighboring channels, and, in the latter case, an EDA migration is efficiently promoted by solvation with water molecules in the expanded channel. We conclude that the atomistic picture of the EDA desorption behaviors observed in the crystal models is applicable to the real crystalline phase.
Identification of Essential Protein Domains From High-density Transposon Insertion Sequencing
Authors: Rahman A.S.M. Zisanur , Timmerman Lukas , Gallardo Flyn , Cardona Silvia T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A first clue to gene function can be obtained by examining whether a gene is required for life in certain standard conditions, that is, whether a gene is essential. In bacteria, essential genes are usually identified by high-density transposon mutagenesis followed by sequencing of insertion sites (Tn-seq). These studies assign the term “essential” to whole genes rather than the protein domain sequences that confer the essential functions. However, genes can code for multiple protein domains that evolve their functions independently. Therefore, when essential genes code for more than one protein domain, only one of them could be essential. In this study, we defined this subset of genes as “essential domain-containing” (EDC) genes. Using a Tn-seq data set built-in Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2, we developed an in silico pipeline to identify EDC genes and the essential protein domains they encode. We found forty candidate EDC genes and demonstrated growth defect phenotypes using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). This analysis included two knockdowns of genes encoding the protein domains of unknown function DUF2213 and DUF4148. These essential domains are conserved in more than two hundred bacterial species, including human and plant pathogens. Together, our study suggests that essentiality should be assigned to individual protein domains rather than genes, contributing to a first functional characterization of protein domains of unknown function.
Institutional Design and Incentives for Migrant Workers to Participate in Social Insurance in China: Evidence from a Policy Experiment in Chengdu City
Authors: Tian Yihao , Chen Yuxiao , Zhou Mei , Zhao Shaoyang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Rural-to-urban migration has increased rapidly in China since the early 1980s, with the number of migrants reaching 376 million in 2020 (National Bureau of Statistics [NBS], 2020). Despite this sharp trend and the significant contributions that the migrants have made to urban development, migrant workers have had very limited access to the social insurance that the majority of urban workers have enjoyed. Methods: Based on the background of the social insurance system adjustment in Chengdu in 2011, we establish a difference-in-differences (DID) model to empirically test the impacts of change in social insurance policy contribution rates on migrant workers' social insurance participation rates, using the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data from 2009-2016.Results: The social insurance participation rate of migrant workers was significantly reduced after they are incorporated into the urban worker insurance system. Meanwhile, there is no significant change in the wages of migrant workers, but the working hours became longer and the consumption level turned lower. That is to say, simply changing the social insurance model of migrant workers from "comprehensive social insurance" to "urban employee insurance" reduces the incentives for migrant workers to participate in the insurance and harm the overall welfares of migrant workers.Conclusion: The design of the social security policy is an important reason for lower participation rate of migrants. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient incentives through targeted social security policies. Specifically, the first is to formulate a social security policy contribution rate suitable for the migrants. The second is to establish a comprehensive social security policy and gradually integrate the social security system.