bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skull Base Aerosol Generating Cases Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Experience from the Epicenter
Authors: Dastagirzada Yosef , Klauberg Olga , Sheerin Kathleen , Lieberman Seth , Lebowitz Richard , McMenomey Sean , Sen Chandranath , Roland J Thomas , Golfinos John G. , Pacione Donato 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoon after the World Health Organization declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 a global health emergency on January 30, 2020, New York City was plagued by the virus and its health system and economy pushed to their limits. The majority of the limited neurosurgical data in relation to COVID-19 is anecdotal and the higher theoretical risk of transmission of the virus among skull base aerosol generating (SBAG) cases has not been investigated or discussed in a neurosurgical population. We discuss a series of 13 patients who underwent 15 SBAG surgical procedures during the peak of COVID-19 in our hospital system and the protocols use perioperatively for their procedures. Our data support that with proper preoperative testing, a well-delineated surgical algorithm, and appropriate personal protective equipment, emergent/urgent cases can be done safely in hospitals that are currently experiencing high volumes of COVID-19 cases as we did in March to May of 2020.
Primary and Secondary Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma
Authors: Solli Elena , Turbin Roger E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to review issues relating to the recognition, radiographic diagnosis, monitoring, and management of primary and secondary optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM).
Design This study is a review of peer-reviewed literature combined with illustrative case studies.
Participants and Methods A literature search was conducted via the PubMed database using pertinent search terms. Selected articles were limited to those written or translated into English. Additional works cited within articles were also included. Individual cases were drawn from the experience of a tertiary academic neuroophthalmic and orbital practice. Tables summarize radiotherapeutic and surgical studies, excluding single case reports and studies focusing on meningioma of intracranial origin.
Main Outcome Measurements Review of reported surgical and radiotherapeutic series is the primary measurement.
Results The natural history of optic nerve sheath meningiomas is primarily characterized by progressive ipsilateral vision loss. Diagnosis is typically based on radiographic imaging findings, with biopsy remaining indicated in some patients. Management strategies may include observation, radiation, and/or surgical intervention, or a combination of these approaches. The role of surgery, especially with respect to primary ONSM (pONSM), remains controversial. Advancement of radiotherapy techniques has shifted modern treatment paradigms in pONSM toward radiation as primary treatment, as surgical outcomes are inferior in major studies. Although radiation remains the treatment of choice in many cases, selected patients may benefit from surgery, especially in the setting of secondary ONSM (sONSM).
Conclusion A wide variety of radiotherapeutic and surgical treatment modalities for ONSM exist. The specific indications for each management strategy continue to be redefined.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism: Use in Patients with Advanced Renal Impairment, Obesity, or Other Weight-Related Special Populations
Authors: Dobesh Paul P. , Kernan Molly M. , Lueshen Jenni J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere are currently more than 7 million patients taking a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC), with more new prescriptions per year than warfarin. Despite impressive efficacy and safety data for the treatment of venous thromboembolism, patients with obesity or advanced renal impairment represented a small portion of the patients enrolled in the phase 3 clinical trials. Therefore, to evaluate the potential use of DOACs in these special populations, clinicians need to have an understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents in these settings. Since data from randomized controlled trials are limited, data from observational trials are helpful in gaining comfort with the use of DOACs in these special populations. Selecting the appropriate dose for each agent is imperative in achieving optimal patient outcomes. We provide an extensive review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, phase 3 clinical trials, and observational studies on the use of DOACs in patients with advanced renal impairment, obesity, or other weight-related special populations to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of the data for optimal drug and dose selection.
ECLS for Life-Threatening Complications in Mesothelioma Surgery: Is It Worthwhile?
Authors: Bellini Alice , Dell'Amore Andrea , Ferrigno Pia , Sella Nicolo' , Navalesi Paolo , Rea Federico 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an effective method for bridging patients to recovery in cases of respiratory and/or cardiac failure that are potentially reversible and unresponsive to conventional management. Nevertheless, there have been only few reports about the use of ECLS in oncological patients with complications due to their neoplasm or its treatment. We report the use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in three cases of severe perioperative complications following surgery for mesothelioma after induction chemotherapy at our Institution.
Kinetic description of site ensembles on catalytic surfaces
Authors: Razdan Neil K. , Bhan Aditya 
Published: February 2021

SignificanceThe kinetic assessment of catalytic reactions is essential to the design and application of thermochemical processes useful in petrochemical synthesis, energy conversion, and environmental remediation. We demonstrate that the ubiquitously used Langmuir–Hinshelwood formalism is incomplete and fails to correctly describe even simple catalytic reactions (e.g., A + A → A2). An accurate kinetic description requires explicit rate equations for multisite configurations (e.g., A*–A* pairs) to account for the nonrandom clustering/isolation of surface species. We rigorously describe clustering/isolation phenomena by derivation of coverage-dependent stoichiometric coefficients, which capture the distinct influence each elementary step exerts on each catalytic site ensemble—thereby overcoming limitations of the mean-field (i.e., Hinshelwood) assumption in describing reactions of mobile Langmuirian adsorbates on catalytic surfaces.
A letter from Zellig Harris to André Lentin
Authors: Nevin Bruce 
Published: February 2021

SummaryToward the end of his life, Zellig Harris (1909–1992) wrote a brief account of the origins and development of his work to establish the foundations of a science of language on mathematical principles. A French translation was published in 1990, and in the same publication appeared a parallel appraisal from a mathematical point of view by André Lentin (1913–2015). Early the following year, having reread Lentin’s essay several times, Harris wrote him the letter which is presented here. More than a gesture of thanks and appreciation, this letter further illuminates the comprehensive overview afforded by the two essays, both of which appeared in English in 2002.
#StayHome – A pragmatic analysis of COVID-19 health advice in Saudi and Australian tweets
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study aimed to examine how the government departments of health in Saudi Arabia and Australia provided health advice to the public through Twitter during the COVID-19 crisis. To this end, 100 Saudi and 100 Australian tweets were analysed by usingMartínez-Flor’s (2003)advice linguistic realization strategies typology and an adapted version ofTrosborg’s (1995)coding scheme for internal modifiers. The external modifiers that emerged in the data were also examined. The results showed a general tendency to use direct advice-giving strategies among Saudis and Australians. Statistical comparisons showed that Saudis used significantly more direct advice-giving strategies and external modifiers than Australians while Australians employed significantly more conventionally indirect strategies and internal modifiers than Saudis.
Associations of physical activity, sedentary time, and diet quality with biomarkers of inflammation in children
Authors: Haapala Eero A. , Väistö Juuso , Ihalainen Johanna K. , González Claudia Tomaselli , Leppänen Marja H. , Veijalainen Aapo , Sallinen Taisa , Eloranta Aino‐Maija , Ekelund Ulf , Schwab Ursula , Brage Soren , Atalay Mustafa , Lakka Timo A. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTWe investigated the associations of physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and diet quality with biomarkers of inflammation in 390 children (192 girls, 198 boys) aged 6–8 years. PA energy expenditure (PAEE), light PA, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), and ST were assessed by combined movement and heart rate sensor. Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index was calculated using data from 4 d food records. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (Hs‐CRP), leptin, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐α, and glycoprotein acetyls were measured from fasting blood samples. PAEE, MPA, VPA, and MVPA were inversely associated with hs‐CRP (β=−191 to −139, 95% CI=−0.294 to −0.024), leptin (β=−0.409 to −0.301, 95% CI=−0.499 to −0.107), IL‐6 (β=−0.136 to −0.104, 95% CI=−0.240 to −0.001) and PAEE, MPA, and MVPA were inversely associated with glycoprotein acetyls (β=−0.117 to −0.103, 95% CI=−0.213 to −0.001). ST was directly associated with hs‐CRP (β=0.170, 95% CI=0.070–0.269), leptin (β=0.355, 95% CI=0.265–0.445), and IL‐6 (β=0.105, 95% CI=0.005–0.205). VPA was inversely associated with hs‐CRP, leptin, and IL‐6 in children with higher BF% (β=−0.344 to −0.181, 95% CI=−0.477 to −0.033) but not among children with lower BF% (β=−0.007–0.033, 95% CI=−0.183–0.184). In conclusion, PA was inversely and ST directly associated with circulating levels of biomarkers of inflammation among children. Furthermore, we observed that PA was inversely associated with these biomarkers for inflammation in children with a higher BF%.

Highlights
Systemic inflammation, as indicated by increased circulating concentrations of biomarkers for inflammation, may be important in causal pathways leading to insulin resistance, sub‐clinical atherosclerosis, and eventually clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases.
Higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary time were associated with more favourable inflammatory profile.
Body fat percentage modified these associations and especially vigorous intensity physical activity was inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation on children with higher body fat percentage but not in children with lower body fat percentage.
Electronic, vibrational and optical properties of two-electron atoms and ions trapped in small fullerene-like cages
Authors: Santos Leandro C , Pereira J Claudio C , Martins M Graças R , Vianna J David M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The problem of atoms and molecules caged inside fullerenes has attracted renewed interests since a new endohedral species has been experimentally realized (Bloodworth et al 2019 Angew. Chem., Int. Ed.
58 5038). In this sense, detailed theoretical studies on the spectroscopic properties of atoms and ions spatially confined in fullerene-like structures are convenient. Here we perform density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations to investigate the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of two-electron atomic systems, X, caged in C20 and C20H20 endohedral complexes; i.e. X@C20 and X@C20H20 (X = He, Li+, and Be++). Among these endohedral complexes, only the encapsulated Be++ ion gives rise to strongly bound complexes, whereas the encapsulated Li+ ion depends on the confining environment, and the encapsulated He atom seems to be highly repulsive in both types of cages. Our calculated excitation energies indicate that the lowest-lying singlet states strongly depend on both the nature of the endohedral atom/ion and the type of the carbon cage. Although He@C20H20 and He@C20 are obtained as repulsive complexes, they produce a small effect in the absorption spectra of the complexes. However, the presence of Li+ or Be++ in the endohedral complexes dramatically changes the electronic absorption profile of these cages. Overall, this study shows that the confinement of a Be++ ion in a very restricted space is energetically favorable, being its quantum states controllable by the confining environment.
Magnetic braille using ferrofluids
Authors: Fletcher A M , Downs J S P , Frost W , Clarke D , O’Grady K , Hirohata A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Braille provides an invaluable tactile reading system for the visually impaired. However, current braille keyboards and technology are external mechanical devices limited by their large form factor, high expense and long refresh rates. A magnetic touchpad in which braille dots are formed through a ferrofluid medium is a potential device that could promise to replace current braille technology by providing higher refresh rates, lower cost and give easy integration into current devices. In this report, work is shown towards developing a proof of concept magnetic braille touch pad, wherein a braille dot is formed using a ferrofluid by a controlled magnetic field produced by a small scale electromagnet. Attempted optimisation of braille dot formation is also undertaken, varying ferrofluid properties and electromagnet architecture to form accurate braille dots. Results show that magnetic braille touch pads are realistic devices that can be built and that there are clearly extensive opportunities for further research. In the future magnetic braille touch pads could be fully implemented into information technology devices for use by the visually impaired.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films prepared by vacuum evaporation
Authors: Chen Chen , Wu Dan , Yuan Meng , Yu Chao , Zhang Jian , Li Chuannan , Duan Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
CsPbX
3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) perovskite thin films can be fabricated by vacuum evaporation (VE) with high reproducibility and good film-forming ability. To design optical devices based on CsPbX
3 thin films, precise optical constants are required. As only a few optical and dielectric properties of perovskites obtained by VE have been reported, we have comprehensively studied the complex reflective index and complex dielectric function of CsPbBr3 perovskite VE films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the three-oscillator model precisely describes the optical constants. Therefore, the wavelength-dependent optical constants of a material can be empirically determined. Time-resolved photoluminescence of a designed CsPbBr3-light-emitting device with a Fabry–Perot cavity and agreement of its dielectric properties with reported data confirmed the existence of a microcavity effect and accurately predicted the electric field intensity distribution and cavity length. This methodology also enables the composition of perovskite to be monitored, which contains a fraction that is desirable for optimizing the performance of optical electronics.
CuO(1−x)ZnO
x
nanocomposite with broad spectrum antibacterial activity: application in medical devices and acrylic paints
Authors: Sanguramath Rajashekharayya A , Laadan Boaz , Raz Nadav , Katalan Avishay , Benarroch Daniel J , Franco Ariel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inappropriate and disproportionate use of antibiotics have led to a rapid increase in antibacterial resistance. Therefore, alternative antibacterial strategies and solutions are sought to overcome any form of resistance to effectively treat and/or prevent the spread of infections. In this study, we report an eco-friendly and scalable approach to produce highly antibacterial CuO(1−x)ZnO
x
nanocomposite and its inclusion in medical devices and acrylic paint. Nanocomposite has nanoporous structure composed of primary nanocrystallites of Zn+2 ion doped CuO (∼15 nm) phase and pure ZnO (∼10 nm) phase. Nanocomposite exhibit strong antibacterial activity against broad spectrum of bacteria relevant to the biomedical and food industries. At 100 ppm concentration and 2 h contact period, over 5 log reduction was observed against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Nanocomposite incorporated in medical gauze, topical formulation, and acrylic paint exhibit over 4 log reduction against S. aureus. Bactericidal activity is governed by synergetic combination of electrostatic interaction of nanocomposite with bacterial cell envelope and simultaneous generation of reactive oxygen species. Results described here would be of great benefit in developing medical devices, coatings, and paints to eradicate the growth of a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
Dimensional changes in geological sandstone caused by wetting
Authors: Burkova Irina , Ilin Eduard , Belov Alexander N , Bezryadin Alexey 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Induced seismicity has received a lot of attention in recent years. This new natural phenomenon appeared as a result of active human influence on nature. The phenomenon has been detected in places of natural gas and oil recovery, and geological storage of CO2. One of the main reasons for the observed seismic activity is associated with the adsorption-induced deformation of rocks. We present experimental data and a simple model describing adsorption-induced deformation using the example of the Berea sandstone. We suggest a simplified experiment for the undergraduate university laboratory.
Calibration of an LDR-Lux meter using a smartphone
Authors: Coramik Mustafa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to calibrate an LDR-Lux meter with a calibration setup which includes a light bulb whose brightness can be changed by using a dimmer circuit, a data acquisition card, a smartphone and a lux meter application. In order to make the measurements more accurate and to prevent errors in the measurements, a smartphone and a laptop were connected to each other via internet browser and the data obtained with physical phone experiments was displayed on the computer screen instantly. In the experimental setup, the brightness of the light was changed with the dimmer circuit and height adjustment. The data were obtained as a result of 32 experiments for different illumination values. As a result of this study, it is seen that the calibrated experimental setup works with high accuracy. With this experimental setup, it is thought that students can also easily test the inverse square law of light. The main factors that make this experimental setup effective are that, unlike other studies in the literature, a professional lux meter is not used and the cost of the developed LDR-Lux meter is very low.
Periodic patterns displace active phase separation
Authors: Thomsen Frederik J , Rapp Lisa , Bergmann Fabian , Zimmermann Walter 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this work we identify and investigate a novel bifurcation in conserved systems. This secondary bifurcation stops active phase separation in its nonlinear regime. It is then either replaced by an extended, system-filling, spatially periodic pattern or, in a complementary parameter region, by a novel hybrid state with spatially alternating homogeneous and periodic states. The transition from phase separation to extended spatially periodic patterns is hysteretic. We show that the resulting patterns are multistable, as they show stability beyond the bifurcation for different wavenumbers belonging to a wavenumber band. The transition from active phase separation to the hybrid states is continuous. Both transition scenarios are systems-spanning phenomena in particle conserving systems. They are predicted with a generic dissipative model introduced in this work. Candidates for specific systems, in which these generic secondary transitions are likely to occur, are, for example, generalized models for motility-induced phase separation in active Brownian particles, models for cell division or chemotactic systems with conserved particle dynamics.
Nonlinear simulation of TM mode free electron laser in rectangular waveguide with ion-channel
Authors: Pourali M , Hasanbeigi A , Mehdian H 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By considering the propagation of TM waves in a rectangular waveguide, the radiated power of a free electron laser is calculated during beam–wave interaction in a planar wiggler. A set of self-consistent equations are derived for discerption of this system which includes some electrostatic and electromagnetic fields, equation of motions and evolution equations of amplitude and phase. The evolution equations of amplitude and phase are determined using an averaging method on the wave equation. By writing a 3D simulation code, the variation in power during electron beam propagation is investigated and then the role of various ion channel density on efficiency is examined. Numerical results show that there is a significant increase in the radiation power of TM waves in comparison with the TE waves in the proposed configuration.
Off-axis digital holography based on the Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Zhang Wanbin , Li Baosheng , Zhang Xiaoxue , Shi Chunlin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper an off-axis holography is put forward based on the Sagnac interferometer. The holograms of alumina-dust aerosol particles, an United States Air Force 1951 resolution plate and paramecium were recorded in the experiment. The diffraction integral of a plane hole derived from quantum theory is illustrated by the variation of the thickness of interference fringes. We use an angular spectrum diffraction algorithm to reconstruct the recorded hologram, and the reconstructed image with high resolution is obtained after eliminating the zero-order image and conjugate image. Examples involving alumina-dust aerosols demonstrate the technique’s in situ imaging capability for complex-shaped particles over a size range of roughly 10–50 µm micrometers. The system’s feasibility is analyzed and thus confirmed.
High-efficiency single-photon router in a network with multiple outports based on chiral waveguide–emitter couplings
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Zhen , Li Ling , Li Xiyun , Yang Wen-Xing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We propose a potentially practical scheme for constructing a quantum network based on a system where three waveguides are coupled to two two-level atoms. In the case of chiral couplings between the waveguides and atoms, we realize a directed single-photon router and the efficiency of single-photon routing reaches 100%. In addition, in this network, the photon input from one port of the channel can be fully routed to any outport of the other two channels by modulating the coupling strength of the waveguides and atoms and the frequency of the incident photon. Thus, a quantum network can be constructed based on our scheme. The influence of the ratio of chiral coupling strength on the properties of the single-photon router is also shown. We also show how the efficiency of routing is affected by system dissipation.