bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Husbands, wives, and financial knowledge in wealthy households
Authors: Hanna Sherman D. , Kim Kyoung T. , Lindamood Suzanne , Lee Sunwoo T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhich spouse is more knowledgeable about the household's finances in mixed‐sex married couple households? The answer to this question can be inferred from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), which assigns the title of “respondent” to the person the household indicates is more knowledgeable about its finances. In the 2016 SCF, the husband was the respondent in 56% of husband‐wife households, but among households in the top 1% of net worth, the husband was the respondent in 90% of the households. Despite the progress women have made in education and other aspects of society, husbands were the respondent in a higher percent of households in 2016 than in 1992, and the husband was much more likely to be the respondent in wealthy households. Logistic regression on whether the husband or wife was the respondent showed a strong effect of the spouse with more education being the respondent.
Coexistence of Two Different Distorted Octahedral [MnF6]3− Sites in K3[MnF6]: Manifestation in Spectroscopy and Magnetism
Authors: Stoll Christiane , Atanasov Mihail , Bandemehr Jascha , Neese Frank , Pietzonka Clemens , Kraus Florian , Karttunen Antti J. , Seibald Markus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a consequence of the static Jahn‐Teller effect of the 5E ground state of MnIII in cubic structures with octahedral parent geometries, their octahedral coordination spheres become distorted. In the case of six fluorido ligands, [MnF6]3− anions with two longer and four shorter Mn−F bonds making elongated octahedra are usually observed. Herein, we report the synthesis of the compound K3[MnF6] through a high‐temperature approach and its crystallization by a high‐pressure/high‐temperature route. The main structural motifs are two quasi‐isolated, octahedron‐like [MnF6]3− anions of quite different nature compared to that met in ideal octahedral MnIII Jahn‐Teller systems. Owing to the internal electric field of Ci symmetry dominated by the next‐neighbour K+ ions acting on the MnIII sites, both sites, the pseudo‐rhombic (site 1) and the pseudo‐tetragonally elongated (site 2) [MnF6]3− anions are present in K3[MnF6]. The compound was characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, and magnetometry as well as by FTIR, Raman, and ligand field spectroscopy. A theoretical interpretation of the electronic structure and molecular geometry of the two Mn sites in the lattice is given by using a vibronic coupling model with parameters adjusted from multireference ab‐initio cluster calculations.
Dual Electroactivity in a Covalent Organic Network with Mechanically Interlocked Pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Colasson Benoit , Devic Thomas , Gaubicher Joël , Martineau‐Corcos Charlotte , Poizot Philippe , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a polyrotaxanated covalent organic network (CON) based on the association between the viologen and pillar[5]arene (P[5]OH) units are reported. The mechanical bond allows for the irreversible insertion of n‐type redox centers (P[5]OH macrocycles) within a pristine structure based on p‐type viologen redox centers. Both redox units are active on a narrow potential range and, in water, the presence of P[5]OH greatly increases the electroactivity of the material.
Asymmetric Catalytic Approach to Multilayer 3D Chirality
Authors: Wu Guanzhao , Liu Yangxue , Rouh Hossein , Ma Liulei , Tang Yao , Zhang Sai , Zhou Peng , Wang Jia‐Ying , Jin Shengzhou , Unruh Daniel , Surowiec Kazimierz , Ma Yanzhang , Li Guigen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe first asymmetric catalytic approach to multilayer 3D chirality has been achieved by using Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐couplings. New chiral catalysts were designed and screened under various catalytic systems that proved chiral amide‐phosphines to be more efficient ligands than other candidates. The multilayer 3D framework was unambiguously determined by X‐ray structural analysis showing a parallel pattern of three layers consisting of top, middle and bottom aromatic rings. The X‐ray structure of a catalyst complex, dichloride complex of Pd‐phosphine amide, was obtained revealing an interesting asymmetric environment nearby the Pd metal center. Three rings of multilayer 3D products can be readily changed by varying aromatic ring‐anchored starting materials. The resulting multilayer products displayed strong luminescence under UV irradiation and strong aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). In the future, this work would benefit not only the field of asymmetric synthesis but also materials science, in particular polarized organic electronics, optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
RbMT3(BO3)2O3 (M=Ba, Sr; T=Al, Ga): New Double‐Layered Oxyborates Constructed from [BO3] Triangles and [TO4] Tetrahedra
Authors: Sun Jun , Mutailipu Miriding , Pan Shilie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFour new alumino‐/galloborates RbMT3(BO3)2O3 (M=Ba, Sr; T=Al, Ga) have been synthesized for the first time by using a high‐temperature solution method. All the title compounds have Sr2Be2B2O7‐like structures, in which the [BO3] triangles and [TO4] tetrahedra form the final double‐layered configurations with the M‐ and Rb‐site atoms located between and in the double layer, respectively. The structure evolution from Sr2Be2B2O7 to RbMT3(BO3)2O3 series is discussed. The broader energy bandgaps in Al‐based borates when compared with Ga‐based ones can be entirely attributed to the location of Al/Ga s orbitals near the Fermi surface. Both experimental and computational approaches were used to study their structure‐property relationships.
Xanthenylacetic Acid Derivatives Effectively Target Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 6 to Inhibit Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth
Authors: Gnocchi Davide , Cavalluzzi Maria M. , Mangiatordi Giuseppe F. , Rizzi Rosanna , Tortorella Cosimo , Spennacchio Mauro , Lentini Giovanni , Altomare Angela , Sabbà Carlo , Mazzocca Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDespite the increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide, current pharmacological treatments are still unsatisfactory. We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6) supports HCC growth and that 9‐xanthenylacetic acid (XAA) acts as an LPAR6 antagonist inhibiting HCC growth without toxicity. Here, we synthesized four novel XAA derivatives, (±)‐2‐(9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)propanoic acid (compound 4 – MC9), (±)‐2‐(9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)butanoic acid (compound 5 – MC6), (±)‐2‐(9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)hexanoic acid (compound 7 – MC11), and (±)‐2‐(9H‐xanthen‐9‐yl)octanoic acid (compound 8 – MC12, sodium salt) by introducing alkyl groups of increasing length at the acetic α‐carbon atom. Two of these compounds were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction and quantum mechanical calculations, while molecular docking simulations suggested their enantioselectivity for LPAR6. Biological data showed anti‐HCC activity for all XAA derivatives, with the maximum effect observed for MC11. Our findings support the view that increasing the length of the alkyl group improves the inhibitory action of XAA and that enantioselectivity can be exploited for designing novel and more effective XAA‐based LPAR6 antagonists.
Assessment of risk of malignancy by application of the proposed Sydney system for classification and reporting lymph node cytopathology
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Kumar Pankaj , Bhardwaj Sunny , Srinivasan Radhika , Dey Pranab , Rohilla Manish , Bal Amanjit , Das Ashim , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most commonly used techniques for evaluating lymphadenopathy. Recently, the Sydney system was proposed for assessing the performance, classification, and reporting of lymph node (LN) cytopathology. The present study was conducted to assess the risk of malignancy associated with each of the diagnostic categories of the proposed Sydney system.METHODSThis was a 2‐year retrospective study of LN‐FNAs; cytologic diagnoses were categorized by the proposed Sydney system. Cytological diagnoses were correlated with the corresponding histopathological diagnoses to assess diagnostic accuracy and risk of malignancy for each diagnostic category.RESULTSOf 23,335 FNAs during the study period, 6983 (30%) were performed on LNs. Of these, 289 (4.1%) cases were reported as nondiagnostic/inadequate (L1); 3397 (48.6%) were reported as benign (L2); 33(0.5%) as atypical cells of undetermined significance (L3), 96 (1.4%) as suspicious for malignancy (L4) and 3168 (45.4%) as malignant (L5). Subsequent histopathology was available for 618 (8.8%) cases. On cytohistopathologic correlation, 552 (89.3%) were concordant and 66 (10.7%) discordant. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of LN‐FNA were 79.9%, 98.7%, 98.4%, 83.1%, and 89.3%, respectively. The risk of malignancy was 27.5% for the nondiagnostic category, 11.5% for the benign, 66.7% for the atypical, 88% for the suspicious, and 99.6% for the malignant categories.CONCLUSIONSFNAC has high diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of various LN pathologies. Application of the proposed Sydney system can help in achieving uniformity and reproducibility in cytologic diagnoses and also help in risk‐stratification on cytology.
Peptidotriazolamers Inhibit Aβ(1–42) Oligomerization and Cross a Blood‐Brain‐Barrier Model
Authors: Tonali Nicolo , Hericks Loreen , Schröder David C. , Kracker Oliver , Krzemieniecki Radosław , Kaffy Julia , Le Joncour Vadim , Laakkonen Pirjo , Marion Antoine , Ongeri Sandrine , Dodero Veronica I. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn peptidotriazolamers every second peptide bond is replaced by a 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole. Such foldamers are expected to bridge the gap in molecular weight between small‐molecule drugs and protein‐based drugs. Amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. We studied the impact of amide bond replacements by 1,4‐disubstituted 1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles on the inhibitory activity of the aggregation “hot spots” K16LVFF20 and G39VVIA42 in Aβ(1–42). We found that peptidotriazolamers act as modulators of the Aβ(1–42) oligomerization. Some peptidotriazolamers are able to interfere with the formation of toxic early Aβ oligomers, depending on the position of the triazoles, which is also supported by computational studies. Preliminary in vitro results demonstrate that a highly active peptidotriazolamer is also able to cross the blood‐brain‐barrier.
Tissue strength of sugar beet root genotypic variation and environmental impact
Authors: Kleuker Gunnar , Hoffmann Christa M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTissue strength of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots could be an interesting breeding target, as it is a possible indicator for storability and influences the manufacturing process. The objective of this study was to analyze the importance of genotype and environment and their interaction on three texture parameters (puncture resistance, tissue firmness, and compressive strength) and to investigate the range of tissue strengths of commercial sugar beet genotypes. For that purpose, two trial series were conducted with six sugar beet genotypes in seven environments across Germany in 2018 and 2019. A screening was performed with 12 commercial genotypes at one site in 2020. Tissue firmness and compressive strength were closely correlated with the puncture resistance of sugar beet roots. The genotype effect was distinctly higher for the texture parameters than for yield and quality parameters, whereas the genotype × environment interaction was negligible, allowing a selection based on few sites. For both genotype and environment, compression strength was closely related to the relative sugar content of the beets. Commercial genotypes also covered a wide range of tissue strengths. These differences might affect harvest damage, storage losses, and subsequent processing steps in the factory.
Application of 2D Materials to Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Le , Deng Jianping , Gou Yuchun , Fang Junfei , Cui Hong , Zhao Yongqiang , Shang Kun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetal‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (MICs) are a new type of electrochemical energy storage (EES) device, consisting of a battery‐type electrode and a supercapacitor (SC)‐type electrode. Exhibiting the advantages of both batteries and SCs (e. g., good energy density, excellent power density and long cycle life), these advanced energy storage devices have considerable commercial application prospects. Among MICs, potassium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (PICs) have several further advantages, including abundancy of resources, low standard electrode potential, and low cost. PICs are regarded as potential substitutes for lithium‐ or sodium‐ion hybrid supercapacitors. However, the practical applications of PICs remain limited, owing to the imbalance of kinetics and capacity between the electrodes, the slow ion/electron diffusion rate, and the poor electrode structural stability. Recently, 2D materials with distinct structures and fascinating features have elicited widespread attention for application in PICs, thus achieving significant enhancements, ranging from charge storage capacity to reaction kinetics. This Review discusses research progress in 2D materials for PICs. Firstly, the energy storage principle and development requirements of MICs are introduced. The pivotal advantages and significant roles of 2D materials in the fabrication of PICs are then discussed in detail. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of the application of 2D materials to high‐performance PICs are presented.
Strategic Structure Tuning of Yolk‐Shell Microcages for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Guo Huinan , Li Weiqin , Chen Kai , Yue Mengyuan , Huang Yike , Liu Yafei , Shao Huaxu , Chen Chengcheng , Wang Caiyun , Wang Yijing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) under ambient conditions is considered as a promising process to produce ammonia. Towards highly efficient catalysts, here an optimized one‐step pyrolysis strategy was tailored to design yolk–shell microcages (YS Co@C/BLCNTs), consisting of Co nanocrystals encapsulated in N‐doped carbon framework and bridged by bamboo‐like carbon nanotubes (BLCNTs). The cavity created between yolk and shell not only served as a “micro‐bag” to store the reactant N2 and enhance its dissolution, but also induced a “cage effect” to confine the diffusion of reaction intermediate, hence making the reaction proceed in the direction of producing NH3. This catalyst displayed excellent catalytic activities for ENRR: a high NH3 yield of 12.87 μg mgcat−1 h−1 at a high faradaic efficiency of 20.7 % at −0.45 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE). After 5 cycles of consecutive ENRR process, the NH3 yield rate was 11.29 μg mgcat−1 h−1, indicating the excellent electrocatalytic stability. These results provide a structural engineering for ENRR catalyst with doped N, cooperating with non‐precious metal to activate the inert triple bond of N2 and achieve NH3 fixation.
Chitin/Metal‐Organic Framework Composites as Wide‐Range Adsorbent
Authors: Tovar Gabriel Ibrahin , Valverde Ainara , Mendes‐Felipe Cristian , Wuttke Stefan , Fidalgo‐Marijuan Arkaitz , Larrea Edurne S. , Lezama Luis , Zheng Fangyuan , Reguera Javier , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu , Arriortua María I. , Copello Guillermo , de Luis Roberto Fernández 
Published: April 2021

AbstractComposites based on chitin (CH) biopolymer and metal‐organic framework (MOF) microporous nanoparticles have been developed as broad‐scope pollutant absorbent. Detailed characterization of the CH/MOF composites revealed that the MOF nanoparticles interacted through electrostatic forces with the CH matrix, inducing compartmentalization of the CH macropores that led to an overall surface area increase in the composites. This created a micro‐, meso‐, and macroporous structure that efficiently retained pollutants with a broad spectrum of different chemical natures, charges, and sizes. The unique prospect of this approach is the combination of the chemical diversity of MOFs with the simple processability and biocompatibility of CH that opens application fields beyond water remediation.
Molecular characterization of marine and coastal fishes of Bangladesh through DNA barcodes
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sagir , Datta Sujan Kumar , Saha Tonmoy , Hossain Zarif 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study describes the molecular characterization of marine and coastal fishes of Bangladesh based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a marker. A total of 376 mitochondrial COI barcode sequences were obtained from 185 species belonging to 146 genera, 74 families, 21 orders, and two classes of fishes. The mean length of the sequences was 652 base pairs. In Elasmobranchii (Sharks and rays), the average Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 1.20%, 6.07%, 11.08%, and 14.68%, respectively, and for Actinopterygii, the average K2P distances within species, genera, families, and orders were 0.40%, 6.36%, 14.10%, and 24.07%, respectively. The mean interspecies distance was 16‐fold higher than the mean intraspecies distance. The K2P neighbor‐joining (NJ) trees based on the sequences generally clustered species in accordance with their taxonomic position. A total of 21 species were newly recorded in Bangladesh. High efficiency and fidelity in species identification and discrimination were demonstrated in the present study by DNA barcoding, and we conclude that COI sequencing can be used as an authentic identification marker for Bangladesh marine fish species.
Determinants and long‐term costs of early reproduction in males of a long‐lived polygynous mammal
Authors: Ritchot Yanny , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Coltman David , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn long‐lived polygynous species, male reproductive success is often monopolized by a few mature dominant individuals. Young males are generally too small to be dominant and may employ alternative tactics; however, little is known about the determinants of reproductive success for young males. Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in early reproductive success may be crucial to assess the strength of sexual selection and possible long‐term trade‐offs among life‐history traits. Selective pressures driven by fluctuating environmental conditions may depend on age class. We evaluated the determinants of reproduction in male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) aged 2–4 years using 30 years of individual‐level data. These young males cannot defend estrous ewes and use alternative mating tactics. We also investigated how the age of first detected reproduction was correlated to lifetime reproductive success and longevity. We found that reproductive success of males aged 3 years was positively correlated to body mass, to the proportion of males aged 2–4 years in the competitor pool, and to the number of females available per adult male. These results suggest that reproductive success depends on both competitive ability and population age–sex structure. None of these variables, however, had significant effects on the reproductive success of males aged 2 or 4 years. Known reproduction before the age of five increased lifetime reproductive success but decreased longevity, suggesting a long‐term survival cost of early reproduction. Our analyses reveal that both individual‐level phenotypic and population‐level demographic variables influence reproductive success by young males and provide a rare assessment of fitness trade‐offs in wild polygynous males.
The potential role of plasma miR‐155 and miR‐206 as circulatory biomarkers in inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Obradovic Danilo , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Blazek Stephan , Klingel Karin , Gutberlet Matthias , Lücke Christian , Büttner Petra , Thiele Holger , Adams Volker , Lurz Philipp , Emrich Fabian , Besler Christian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsEstablishing a diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy (iCMP) by non‐invasive means remains challenging despite advances in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Previous studies suggested the involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of iCMP. We examined the association of a predefined set of circulatory microRNAs with clinical characteristics of iCMP and evaluated their diagnostic performance in suspected iCMP.Methods and resultsEighty‐nine patients with clinical suspicion of iCMP were included in the analysis. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization with left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging applying the Lake Louise criteria (LLC). Plasma levels of miR‐21, miR‐126, miR‐133a, miR‐146b, miR‐155, and miR‐206 were determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Based on immunohistological findings on endomyocardial biopsy, iCMP was diagnosed in 67% of study participants (n = 60). Plasma levels of miR‐155 and miR‐206 were significantly increased in patients with iCMP as compared with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (P = 0.008 and P = 0.009, respectively). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, miR‐155 and miR‐206 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance for iCMP (0.68 and 0.67, respectively) compared with LLC [area under the curve (AUC) 0.60], Troponin T (AUC 0.51), and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (AUC 0.51). While baseline miR‐155 and miR‐206 plasma levels were predictive for biopsy‐proven iCMP (odds ratio = 2.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.28–5.31, P = 0.008 and odds ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval = 1.27–5.52, P = 0.009) on univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of positive LLC, high baseline C‐reactive protein, or presence of clinical symptoms and signs of viral infection failed to predict iCMP (P > 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsThe present data suggest that plasma levels of miR‐206 and miR‐155 are potential novel biomarkers for confirming the diagnosis of iCMP.
Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of Heteroleptic γ‐Substituted Acetylacetonate‐Alkoxides of Titanium
Authors: Bijou Diane , Cornier Thibaut , Mishra Shashank , Merzoud Lynda , Chermette Henry , Jeanneau Erwann , Maudez William , Benvenuti Giacomo , Daniele Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA series of heteroleptic titanium derivatives of general formula [Ti(OiPr)2(R‐acac)2] with acetylacetonate ligands modified in the internal (γ‐ or 3‐) position by different substituents (R=OAc, NO2, Me, Et, Cl, Br) has been synthesized and completely characterized by liquid multinuclear NMR and FTIR. The influence of the nature of the group on the thermal stability of the different complexes was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gave the following decreasing stability ranking: H<NO2<Cl<Me<Br<Et<OAc. DFT calculations showed that this ranking followed the same order as the stability of the keto‐enolate form compared to the β‐diketonate form. Other DFT calculations also confirmed that for these molecules the ligands degraded sequentially and that the singular high reactivity of the Et‐acac based complex could be due to the rupture of the C−C bond to lead to a CH2°‐acac radical, which triggers the decomposition.