bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study examining the changes to Australia’s social security system during COVID‐19 lockdown measures
Authors: Klein Elise , Cook Kay , Maury Susan , Bowey Kelly 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDuring the 2020 COVID‐19 wave, the Australian Government made an additional $550 Coronavirus Supplement available for people receiving social security payments, and temporarily suspended mutual obligation requirements. By doing so, the government effectively gave people who had been long stigmatised and subject to punitive conditionality to compel them into the labour market, financial security and their time back. Drawing on survey responses from people who received the $550 Supplement and had their mutual obligation activities suspended or reduced, this research examines how people used their time during this period and whether it differed from pre‐pandemic government policy. We find that the increase in payments through the Supplement and the suspension of mutual obligations impacted positively on people's lives including the (1) the ability of respondents to meet basic needs and improve their long‐term financial security, (2) improvements to physical and emotional well‐being, (3) increased labour market engagement and (4) engagement in other forms of unpaid productive work.
EGF‐functionalized lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles of 5‐fluorouracil and sulforaphane with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer activity against colon carcinoma
Authors: Li Shumin , Xu Zhongkai , Alrobaian Majed , Afzal Obaid , Kazmi Imran , Almalki Waleed H. , Altamimi Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz , Al‐Abbasi Fahad A. , Alharbi Khalid S , Altowayan Waleed M , Singh Tanuja , Akhter Md Habban , Gupta Manish , Rahman Mahfoozur , Beg Sarwar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present research work describes development of dual drug‐loaded lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) of anticancer therapeutics for the management of colon cancer. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐functionalized LPHNPs coloaded with 5‐fluorouracil (FU) and sulforaphane (SFN) were prepared by one‐step nanoprecipitation method. Box–Behnken design was applied for optimizing the material attributes and process parameters. The optimized LPHNPs revealed particle size 198 nm, polydispersity index 0.3, zeta potential−25.3 mV, and drug loading efficiency 19–20.3% for 5‐FU and SFN, respectively. EGF functionalization on LPHNPs was confirmed from positive magnitude of zeta potential to 21.3 mV as compared with the plain LPHNPs. In vitro drug release performance indicated sustained and non‐Fickian mechanism release nature of the drugs from LPHNPs. Anticancer activity evaluation in HCT‐15 colon cancer cells showed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the cell growth and cytotoxicity of the investigated drugs from various treatments in the order: EGF‐functionalized LPHNPs > plain LPHNPs > free drug suspensions. Overall, the research work corroborated improved treatment efficacy of EGF‐functionalized LPHNPs for delivering chemotherapeutic agents for the management of colon carcinoma.
Phenylalanine 314 is essential for the activity of maltogenic amylase from Corallococcus sp. EGB
Authors: Ni Guorong , Zhong Lingli , Xia Chengyao , Zhang Lixia , Dai Longhua , Chen Ruyi , Zhao Yuqiang , wang Fei 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTMaltogenic amylase CoMA from Corallococcus sp. strain EGB catalyzes the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of maltooligosaccharides and soluble starch into maltose, the sole hydrolysate. This process yields pure maltose with potentially wide applications. Here, we identified and evaluated the role of phenylalanine 314 (F314), a key amino acid located near the active center, in the catalytic activities of the CoMA. Site‐directed mutagenesis analysis showed that the activity of a F314L mutant on potato starch substrate decreased to 26% of that of wild‐type protein. Compared with the wild‐type, F314L exhibited similar substrate specificity, hydrolysis pattern, pH, and temperature requirements. Circular dichroism spectrum data showed that the F314L mutation did not affect the structure of the folded protein. In addition, kinetic analysis demonstrated that F314L exhibited an increased Km value with lower substrate affinity. Homology modeling showed that the benzene ring structure of F314L was involved in π–π conjugation, which might potentially affect the affinity of CoMA toward starch. Taken together, these data demonstrated that F314 is essential for the hydrolytic activity of the CoMA from Corallococcus sp. strain EGB.
Some indazoles as alternative inhibitors for potato polyphenol oxidase
Authors: Öztürk Cansu , Bayrak Songül , Demir Yeliz , Aksoy Mine , Alım Zuhal , Özdemir Hasan , İrfan Küfrevioglu Ömer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFresh‐cut vegetables and fruits have gained attention among consumers because of their fresh appearance, lack of pollution, nutrition, and convenience. However, in fresh‐cut foods, enzymatic browning is the main problem. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a vital enzyme involved in the process of enzymatic browning. In this study, PPO was purified from potato using Sepharose 4B‐l‐tyrosine‐p‐aminobenzoic acid affinity chromatography and the effect of some indazoles on the enzyme was determined. The enzyme was purified with a specific activity of 52,857.14 EU/mg protein and 21.26‐purification fold. Indazoles exhibited inhibitor properties for PPO with IC50values in the range of 0.11–1.12 mM andKivalues in the range of 0.15 ± 0.04–3.55 ± 0.88 mM. Among these compounds, 7‐chloro‐1H‐indazole was shown as the most potent PPO inhibitor (Ki: 0.15 ± 0.04 mM). Determination of the enzyme's inhibition kinetics will simplify the testing of candidate PPO inhibitors.
Massively parallel DNA target capture using long adapter single stranded oligonucleotide (LASSO) probes assembled through a novel DNA recombinase mediated methodology
Authors: Tosi Lorenzo , Chkaiban Lamia , Larman Benjamin H. , Rosenfeld Jeffrey A. , Parekkadan Biju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the attempt to bridge the widening gap from DNA sequence to biological function, we developed a novel methodology to assemble Long‐Adapter Single‐Strand Oligonucleotide (LASSO) probe libraries that enabled the massively multiplexed capture of kilobase‐sized DNA fragments for downstream long read DNA sequencing or expression. This method uses short DNA oligonucleotides (pre‐LASSO probes) and a plasmid vector that supplies the linker sequence for the mature LASSO probe through Cre‐LoxP intramolecular recombination. This strategy generates high quality LASSO probes libraries (≈46% of correct probes). We performed NGS analysis of the post‐capture PCR amplification of DNA circles obtained from the LASSO capture of 3087 Escherichia coli ORFs spanning from 400‐ to 5000 bp. The median enrichment of all targeted ORFs versus untargeted ORFs was 30 times. For ORFs up to 1kb in size, targeted ORFs were enriched up to a median of 260‐fold. Here, we show that LASSO probes obtained in this manner, were able to capture full‐length open reading frames from total human cDNA. Furthermore, we show that the LASSO capture specificity and sensitivity is sufficient for target capture from total human genomic DNA template. This technology can be used for the preparation of long‐read sequencing libraries and for massively multiplexed cloning of human sequences.
Discriminating mild traumatic brain injury using sparse dictionary learning of functional network dynamics
Authors: Fan Liangwei , Xu Huaze , Su Jianpo , Qin Jian , Gao Kai , Ou Min , Peng Song , Shen Hui , Li Na 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is usually caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or penetrating head injury, and carries the risk of inducing cognitive disorders. However, identifying the biomarkers for the diagnosis of mTBI is challenging as evident abnormalities in brain anatomy are rarely found in patients with mTBI. In this study, we tested whether the alteration of functional network dynamics could be used as potential biomarkers to better diagnose mTBI. We propose a sparse dictionary learning framework to delineate spontaneous fluctuation of functional connectivity into the subject‐specific time‐varying evolution of a set of overlapping group‐level sparse connectivity components (SCCs) based on the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 31 mTBI patients in the early acute phase (<3 days postinjury) and 31 healthy controls (HCs). The identified SCCs were consistently distributed in the cohort of subjects without significant inter‐group differences in connectivity patterns. Nevertheless, subject‐specific temporal expression of these SCCs could be used to discriminate patients with mTBI from HCs with a classification accuracy of 74.2% (specificity 64.5% and sensitivity 83.9%) using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Taken together, our findings indicate neuroimaging biomarkers for mTBI individual diagnosis based on the temporal expression of SCCs underlying time‐resolved functional connectivity.
Measurement invariance of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) among children of Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant workers
Authors: Ren Qiang , Li Yong , Chen Ding‐Geng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionKessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a 10‐item screening tool designed for nonspecific psychological distress. The current study aims to identify a best‐fitting factor structure of the K10, and to test its cross‐gender measurement invariance based on the structure.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, we included 339 (n = 192 for boys and 135 for girls) children of Chinese rural‐to‐urban migrant workers in Hangzhou, China.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis for ordered‐categorical measures revealed a two‐factor structure as the best‐fitting model, in which five items (hopeless, depressed, effort, severely depressed, and worthless) loaded on depression and the other five items loaded on anxiety (tired, nervous, severely nervous, restless, and severely restless). The model held at different levels of the measurement invariance testing, that is, full measurement invariance was not rejected in our sample, suggesting that gender differences as assessed with K10 reflect true differences. Structural invariance testing showed that girls in our sample showed significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys.ConclusionThese findings support that the K10 is suitable for gender‐comparative research among children of Chinese migrant workers. Using the K10 as a screening tool among this population should be promoted. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed.
RETRACTED: Migraine headache in Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Etedal Ahmed A. , Badri Ghada A. Mutaal , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Omer Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a main form of headache, it is also a chronic and complex neuroinflammatory disease; it is characterized by recurrent severe headaches, usually affecting one side of the head, and often accompanied by nausea and blurred vision. In susceptible individuals, irritants can trigger migraine attacks, which can be considered as triggers or accelerators.ObjectiveTo describe the precipitating factors, clinical presentation, and treatment of migraine headache in Sudanese patients.MethodsThis is a descriptive hospital‐based prospective study covering 130 patients during the study period from January 2016 to December 2018. At the National Centre for Neurological Science, Khartoum, participants were Sudanese patients with migraine headache after exclusion of other causes of headache. Data was collected using structured questionnaire entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0, p value < .05 is considered significant.ResultsThe study covered 130 study participants most of them were females (80%), within 26–35 years of age (56.9%) and a considerable proportion of them were housewives (40%). The majority of the study participants had headache without aura in 81.5% and headache with aura in 18.5% (mainly visual type 87.5%). Photophobia and nausea were the main associated symptoms in 51.5% and 50%, respectively. Acetaminophen was the main prescribed treatment in 46.1%, beta blockers was the main prophylaxis in 29.2%. Environmental triggers were the prevalent predisposing factors (43.8%) followed by fasting, lack of sleep, and exertion (24.6% for each).ConclusionEnvironmental conditions were the commonest triggering factors of migraine headache, while Acetaminophen was the most common drug used for relieving migraine in this population.
Evaluation of headache associated with personal protective equipment during COVID‐19
Authors: Jafari Elham , Togha Mansoureh , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Haghighi Samaneh , Nasergivehchi Somayeh , Saatchi Mohammad , Ariyanfar Shadi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has created new conditions for medical staff, forcing them to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for an extended duration of time. Headache is a commonly associated side effect of the use of such equipment among healthcare workers.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 243 frontline healthcare workers at four referral hospitals for COVID‐19 were evaluated for the occurrence of headache following the use of PPE and its relationship with blood gas parameters was assessed.ResultsThe average age of participants was 36 ± 8 years. Of these, 75% were women. The prevalence of headache after the use of masks was 72.4%, with the N95 mask being the most commonly reported cause of headache (41%). Among patients, 25.1% developed external pressure, 22.2% migraine, and 15.2% tension‐type headaches. Headache was more common in the female gender. Apart from gender, only increased heart rate was significantly associated with headache due to mask use (p = .03 and .00, respectively). The mean heart rate was 97.7 ± 13.68 in participants with headache compared to 65.8 ± 35.63 in those without headache. No significant relationship was found between headache and venous blood gas parameters, including oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure.ConclusionHeadache due to PPE is common and can decrease the efficiency of hospital staff performance. Hence, it is necessary to consider this issue among health center personnel and provide modalities to reduce the risk of headache.
Optimization and feedback control system of dilution rate for 1,3‐propanediol in two‐stage fermentation: A theoretical study
Authors: Pan Duo‐Tao , Wang Xu‐Dong , Wang Jia‐Bing , Shi Hong‐Yan , Wang Guo‐Gang , Xiu Zhi‐Long 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn utilizing glycerol to produce 1,3‐propanediol by microbial fermentation, the problems of low utilization rate and poor production performance need to be addressed. Based on the analysis of a mathematical model for 1,3‐propanediol production from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae, this study theoretically investigated the effects of the dilution rate and the initial glycerol concentration in a two‐stage fermentation process and the feasibility of applying the feedback control methods. First, the optimal operation conditions of initial glycerol concentration and dilution rate were obtained. Through the use of feedback control theory, a control strategy for dilution rate was designed and optimized to shorten the settling time (time required for fermentation to reach stability) from 60.92 to 36.68 h for the first reactor, and from 53.66 to 22.68 h for the second reactor. In addition, the yield of 1,3‐propanediol in both two reactors reached up to 0.5 g·g−1. The simulation results indicated that the feedback control strategy for dilution rate increased the product concentration, reduced the residual glycerol in the fermentation broth, and greatly improved the performance of the fermentation. A feeding strategy of automatic control for dilution rate has been established and will be applied as an effective guiding scheme in automatic continuous fermentations for production of 1,3‐propanediol.
Distinctive Cassane Diterpenoids Corroborated Biogenetic Evolutionary Process from Caesalpinia mimosoides with Anti‐renal Fibrosis Activity
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Yin Yan , Zhou Yu , Zhu Tianliang , Wang Miao , Gao Huiyuan 
Published: November 2021

Comprehensive SummaryEighteen diterpenoids were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia mimosoides, including four extremely infrequent cassane diterpenes, together with nine new and five known structures. Compounds 7 and 8 represent the first examples of cassane diterpenoids fused with a ketone carbonyl and a ternary oxygen ring at C‐4, respectively. Compounds 9 and 10 possess a rare five‐member ring in cassane diterpenes. Intriguingly, these isolated components are a clue to the fact that there are lower and higher levels in the plant secondary metabolites, demonstrating the evolution of secondary metabolism of C. mimosoides. All the isolated compounds were tested for their anti‐renal fibrosis activity against TGF‐β1 induced NRK‐52E cell model. The mRNA levels of fibrosis marker α‐SMA, E‐cadherin, Collagen I were tested by qRT‐PCR. The data showed compounds 6 and 9 exhibited the best anti‐renal fibrosis activity and provided preliminary structure−activity relationships.
Combination of graphics, uncertainty, and semantics: A survey
Authors: Gao Yuan , Rafi Muhammad Adnan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGraphics, uncertainty, and semantics are three approaches to building models. The combination of the three approaches is a way to develop a stronger modeling method. This article surveys the research efforts toward combining these aspects, which can be divided into two routes: One is to combine graphics and uncertainty as probabilistic graphical models and then incorporate semantics, and the other is to combine graphics and semantics and then incorporate probability to handle uncertainty. The models and methods involved in these efforts are introduced and their expressiveness, pros, and cons are discussed.
Data‐aware and simulation‐driven planning of scientific workflows on IaaS clouds
Authors: N'Takpé Tchimou , Edgard Gnimassoun Jean , Oumtanaga Souleymane , Suter Frédéric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe promise of an easy access to a virtually unlimited number of resources makes Infrastructure as a Service Clouds a good candidate for the execution of data‐intensive workflow applications composed of hundreds of computational tasks. Thanks to a careful execution planning, workflow management systems can build a tailored compute infrastructure by combining a set of virtual machine instances. However, these applications usually rely on files to handle dependencies between tasks. A storage space shared by all virtual machines may become a bottleneck and badly impact the application execution time. In this article, we propose an original data‐aware planning algorithm that leverages two characteristics of a family of virtual machines instances, that is, a large number of cores and a dedicated storage space on fast SSD drives, to improve data locality, hence reducing the amount of data transfers over the network during the execution of a workflow. We also propose a simulation‐driven approach to solve a cost‐performance optimization problem and correctly dimension the virtual infrastructure onto which execute a given workflow. Experiments conducted with real application workflows show the benefits of the presented algorithms. The data‐aware planning leads to a clear reduction of both execution time and volume of data transferred over the network while the simulation‐driven approach allows us to dimension the infrastructure in a reasonable time.
On the delimitation of the carbonate burial realm
Authors: Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, the burial realm, the most prolonged and arguably the least well‐understood diagenetic environment, has received significant research attention. Despite remarkable progress driven by exploratory drilling, outcrop analogue studies and experimental work, the scientific theories defining the burial sub‐domains are inconsistently presented in the literature. This paper reviews the concepts, processes and products that characterise the burial realm from the viewpoint of the carbonate geoscientist. Typical features of carbonate burial (fluid types, porosity evolution, diagenetic fabrics, patterns in isotope geochemistry) in epicontinental and marine basins are presented and discussed. A step towards an improved conceptual delimitation and a subdivision of the carbonate burial realm is taken, and an intuitive terminology is proposed. The very shallow limit of the burial realm is placed within the upper sediment column (redox boundary; centimetres to tens of metres). In the shallow (marine) burial domain (down to depths of many hundreds of metres), carbonate dissolution and reprecipitation, sediment dewatering and grain reorganisation take place. Interstitial waters are mainly marine (and subordinate meteoric) in origin and the system is fluid‐dominated. Under ongoing burial, physical and chemical compaction reduces pore space. At burial depths of ca 750 m, initial sediment porosities (40–80%) are reduced to about 30%. The intermediate burial domain (hundreds of metres to about 2 km; T < 100°C) is characterised by the transition from fluid‐buffered to rock‐buffered diagenesis. In the deep‐burial domain (ca 2–12 km; T > 100°C), marine formation fluids are increasingly modified by rock–fluid interaction and replaced by saline brines. The transition from the deep burial to the very low‐grade metamorphic domain is placed at depths of 12–15 km (T > 250°C). Here, carbonates undergo recrystallisation into meta‐carbonate and equigranular marble fabrics.
Utility of a next‐generation framework for assessment of genomic damage: A case study using the pharmaceutical drug candidate etoposide
Authors: Nicolette John , Luijten Mirjam , Sasaki Jennifer C. , Custer Laura , Embry Michelle , Froetschl Roland , Johnson George , Ouedraogo Gladys , Settivari Raja , Thybaud Veronique , Dearfield Kerry L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a hypothetical case study to examine the use of a next‐generation framework developed by the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute for assessing the potential risk of genetic damage from a pharmaceutical perspective. We used etoposide, a genotoxic carcinogen, as a representative pharmaceutical for the purposes of this case study. Using the framework as guidance, we formulated a hypothetical scenario for the use of etoposide to illustrate the application of the framework to pharmaceuticals. We collected available data on etoposide considered relevant for assessment of genetic toxicity risk. From the data collected, we conducted a quantitative analysis to estimate margins of exposure (MOEs) to characterize the risk of genetic damage that could be used for decision‐making regarding the predefined hypothetical use. We found the framework useful for guiding the selection of appropriate tests and selecting relevant endpoints that reflected the potential for genetic damage in patients. The risk characterization, presented as MOEs, allows decision makers to discern how much benefit is critical to balance any adverse effect(s) that may be induced by the pharmaceutical. Interestingly, pharmaceutical development already incorporates several aspects of the framework per regulations and health authority expectations. Moreover, we observed that quality dose response data can be obtained with carefully planned but routinely conducted genetic toxicity testing. This case study demonstrates the utility of the next‐generation framework to quantitatively model human risk based on genetic damage, as applicable to pharmaceuticals.