bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding, Relactation, and High Impact Factors in Treating Moderately and Severely Malnourished Children Under Two Years of age in Colombia: A Mixed Community Study Protocol
Authors: Valencia Omaira , Rueda-Guevara Paola 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of acute malnutrition in Columbia was 1.6% in 2015, which was significantly higher than that found in 2010 (0.9%). Further, the distribution by age shows a higher prevalence of malnutrition in children under 2 years of age. Low rates (36.1%) of exclusive breastfeeding (BF) were found in these children, and adequate BF rates (45.5%) were found for children between 6 and 23 months. These percentages were low compared to the world average of 46%. The objective was to evaluate breastfeeding practices, relactation and feeding processes related to the recovery of children between 0 and 24 months of age with a diagnosis of moderate or severe acute malnutrition (SAM) treated at prioritized health service provider institutions and in the Nutritional Recovery Centers of the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar (ICBF).Methods: This research was a mixed-type observational descriptive design in the community with a quantitative and qualitative component in three phases. The first phase characterized the practices of breastfeeding and relactation among mothers seeking help for their infants through the Nutritional Recovery Centers of the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar ICBF and health service provider institutions during the study period. In the second phase, a technical strengthening intervention will be carried out aimed at health professionals, and in the third phase, the care processes will be reviewed before and after the intervention. In addition, anthropometric variables and practices of breastfeeding on admission and discharge from care facilities were reviewed to identify potential factors related to the nutritional recovery process.Discussion: This research aims to provide a characterization of breastfeeding and relactation in the population treated for infants with severe acute malnutrition in the CRN and IPS, improve health professionals’ care processes for children with SAM, contribute to the achievement of relactation in mothers of children with moderate and severe acute malnutrition that graduate from the IPS and CRN and identify the potential factors related to the nutritional recovery of these children.Trial registration: Not aplicable
Chemical Composition and Screening of Aflatoxin M1 in Cows’ Milk in Gadarif Town, Sudan
Authors: Abdalmahmoud Kamal M. A. , Shuiep El Tahir S. , Zubeir Ibtisam E El , Arabi Omer H. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Milk is a perfect complete perishable food that could be adulterated or contaminated by wide varieties of substance throughout the chain of its production. Of these aflatoxins M1 was considered as an important health risk associated with the milk. The objectives of this study are to analyse milk samples, for chemical composition and detection of aflatoxin M1. Method: One hundred milk samples were collected from different sources randomly; 35 samples from farms, 35 samples from sale points and 30 samples from groceries in Gedarif town. Milk-Kana was used for determination of chemical composition (fat, solids not fat, lactose and protein and analysis of freezing point, density and added water) and Unisensor kits were used as screening method for detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Results: The chemical composition of milk samples collected from farms, sales points and groceries showed lower content of the fat (3.4±1.3%, 3.4±1.3% and 3.5±1.25%), solids not fat (7.7±1.1%, 8.1±1.7% and 8±1%), lactose (4.2±0.6%, 4.4±0.8% and 4.3±0.5%) and protein (3±0.4%, 3±0.5% and 3±0.4%). The freezing point of milk samples revealed -.503±.079, -.524±.007 and -.522±.099 °C, while the density showed 0.025±0.003, 0.026±0.005 and 0.026±0.003 gm/cm3, respectively. Moreover the added water was found as 10.6±11.6%, 10.6±10.4% and 8.7±8.2% in the samples collected from farms, sale points and groceries, respectively. The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples were found in 22(27.50%) of the samples. The presence of aflatoxin contamination was high in milk samples collected from sales points (15.0%) followed by farms (11.25%) compared to those obtained from groceries (1.25%). Conclusion: The lower chemical composition of milk ns the high added water suggested adulteration of milk. Moreover the presences of aflatoxin M1 in the milk samples might indicate that the cow milk was contaminated with aflatoxins through feed. Hence this study recommended that good hygienic practices should be considered in Gadarif town. Similarly regulations and lows for selling the milk should be implemented by the official authorities.
Tradition and Trade: Culture and Exploitation of Avian Fauna by a Rural Community Surrounding Protected Areas in the South of Bahia’s State, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Neto Antonio Iderval Sodré , Fraga Ricardo Evangelista , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Illegal capture and trade of wild birds are some of the most present types of wildlife trade in Brazil, and are often associated with cultural and socioenvironmental aspects. Those habits are particularly present in rural communities, where bird trade can be a source of income in dire economic situations and bird-keeping is a cultural trait passed from generations. Methods: We conducted a series of direct interviews with bird-keepers and traders within the surrounding region of the Parque Nacional de Boa Nova regarding wild bird trade and socioenvironmental aspects, then associated the collected information using different exploratory analysis.Results: A total of 21 avian species was mentioned as being used as pets and in commercialization, contests and breeding, most of the occurring naturally in the surrounding region. Most respondents were men possessing low levels of education and income. Bird-keeping was surrounded by practices regarding the captive individual’s health and singing abilities. Mentioned methods used to capture wild birds often involved specialized traps and were mostly conducted within the national park’s area. Bird trade was said to occur mostly in urban settlements, and the value of captive birds was said to vary based on species and beforehand training. The official establishment of the protected area impaired all practices related bird-keeping and trade, mostly as a result of increased surveillance by environmental agencies.Conclusion: The collected information presents a series of specialized habits and practices involved in bird-keeping, bird capture and bird trade, many of them being associated with the local avifauna surrounding the region. Our study also points the efficiency of protected area surveillance to contain practice’s related to illegal wildlife trade.
Longitudinal RNA sequencing of skin and DRG neurons in mice with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Cirrincione Anthony M. , Reimonn Cassandra A. , Harrison Benjamin J , Rieger Sandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a condition of nerve degeneration induced by chemotherapy, which afflicts up to 70% of treated patients. Therapeutic interventions are unavailable due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We previously discovered that major physiological changes in the skin underlie paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in zebrafish and rodents. The precise molecular mechanisms are only incompletely understood. For instance, paclitaxel induces the upregulation of MMP-13, which when inhibited prevents axon degeneration. To better understand other gene regulatory changes induced by paclitaxel, we induced peripheral neuropathy in mice following intraperitoneal injection either with vehicle or paclitaxel every other day four times total. Skin and dorsal root ganglion neurons were collected based on distinct behavioural responses categorized as “pain onset” (d4), “maximal pain” (d7), “beginning of pain resolution” (d11) and “recovery phase” (d23) for comparative longitudinal RNA sequencing. The generated datasets validate previous discoveries and reveal additional gene expression changes that warrant further validation with the goal to aid in development of drugs that prevent or reverse paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in a large sample of Chinese adolescents in the post-COVID-19 era
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Yang Haidong , Zhang Jing , Yang Man , Yuan Nian , Liu Junjie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Depressive and anxiety symptoms are widespread among adolescents today, creating a large social problem. However, few previous studies have addressed depression and anxiety among adolescents in Chinese cohorts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese middle school adolescent students in the post-COVID-19 era.
Methods
A total of 22380 middle school students from Jiangsu Province were surveyed online, and their general demographic data were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to measure anxiety symptoms.
Results
Of these participants (aged 12–17 years), 25.6% had depressive symptoms, 26.9% had anxiety symptoms, and 20.6% had a combination of depression and anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in female adolescents (27.6%) than in male adolescents (23.7%; χ2 = 45.479, P=0.000), and the proportion with anxiety symptoms was higher among female adolescents (28.6%) than among male adolescents (25.4%; χ2 = 29.390, P=0.000). Furthermore, binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents, while age, gender, region, and parental relationship were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated that the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents are high. Female gender, urban region, and poor parental relationship may be risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, policy makers, schools, and families should pay more attention to the psychological health of adolescents.
Immune response and phagocytosis of children with streptococcal tonsillitis and infected with the herpes virus type 6.
Authors: Olkhovska Viktoriia , Olkhovska Olga , Yeloyeva Zalina 
Published: October 2021

The aim of the work is to study the indicators of cellular and humoral immune response and FAN of patients with tonsillitis in children infected with HHV-6 type.
Materials and methods of research. In 72 children aged 3–15 years (mean age 8.42±1.44 years), patients with streptococcal tonsillitis of moderate severity, the levels of the main subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were determined using monoclonal antibodies by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FAN) using the nitrosine tetrazolium reduction test (HCT test) and serum IgA, IgM, IgG levels by radial immunodiffusion. The studies were carried out in the acute period and in the period of convalescence. Mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2003 and Statistica 6.0 programs. The significance of differences between the mean values was determined using the Student's test (t).
Results. Different mechanisms of formation of pathological process at streptococcal tonsillitis at children depending on the concomitant HHV-6 type infection are revealed. In patients with mixed infection in the acute period of tonsillitis determine the signs of deficiency of the cellular immune system with the maximum deviation of CD-lymphocytes (t=3.13 vs. t=2.16 in mono-infection), the tension in the humoral link of the immune response Ig deviation (t=1.63 against t=0.91 in mono-infection) on the background of phagocytosis violation in terms of FAN deviation (t=3.22 against t=2.01 in mono-infection). By the period of convalescence, the restoration of the imbalance of specific and non-specific protection factors does not occur. Increased IgG content in the acute period is one of the features of streptococcal tonsillitis in children on the background of HHV-6t infection.
Conclusions. Concomitant VGL-6 type infection in children with streptococcal tonsillitis affects the mechanisms of formation of the inflammatory process and the reactivity of patients, forming the preconditions for adverse outcomes of the disease. The obtained results can be the basis for early detection of herpes virus infection in patients with tonsillitis, will help to optimize the management of patients in different periods of the disease.
miRNAs as Modulators of Cholesterol in Breast Cancer Stem Cells: An
Approach to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer
Authors: Monchusi Bernice , Kaur Mandeep 
Published: October 2021

:
It has been postulated that a small number of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) buried in tumour
mass drive cancer growth and impart cancer drug resistance. However, their eradication has
not been achieved so far as the mechanistic understanding of CSCs’ role in cancer development
and growth is limited. The cholesterol accumulation and efflux processes have been shown to play
an important role in maintaining cell’s integrity and its sensitivity towards drugs, as altered cholesterol
pathways contribute to cancer drug resistance. Emerging pieces of evidence have indicated
miRNAs as regulators of CSCs, and also as regulators of cholesterol pathways in cancer cells, but a
link between the two has not been fully established so far. In this review, we have collated key signalling
pathways and published evidence emphasising the involvement of miRNAs and cholesterol
in CSCs related drug resistance. Additionally, we have used bioinformatics analysis to identify
miRNAs that may modulate cholesterol pathways in CSCs at a molecular level to contribute to cancer
drug resistance. Our results show that two miRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p and hsa-miR-373-3p) interact
and bind to two known Breast CSC markers (CD44 and CD24) and mediate the expression
of several cholesterol-related genes (INSIG2, APOL2, CYP51A1, HDLB, and DHCR7). Furthermore,
survival analysis of the breast cancer patients’ gene expression data revealed that higher expression
of these genes is associated with poor disease-free survival. We, therefore, propose that
targeting these two miRNAs could possibly provide a way to alter cell’s response to drugs via modulating
cholesterol pathways in CSCs.
Treatment of Triple Negative Cell Lines with Olaparib to Block DNA Repair
Authors: Moschetta-Pinheiro Marina Gobbe , Colombo Jucimara , de Souza Tuckumantel Murillo , Rebolho Gabriela Karam , de Campos Zuccari Debora Aparecida Pires 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The most aggressive breast cancer is the triple negative histological type, and the gold standard
for its treatment is platinum salts, such as carboplatin. Due to high recurrence, there is a need to test new drugs,
such as PARP inhibitors (PARPi), that induce lethality in cells with DNA damage. Olaparib is a PARPi, already used
in some tumors but not tested in canine species. Thus, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of olaparib
in inhibiting DNA repair and control disease progression by decreasing the migration capacity of mammary tumor
cells.

Methods:
The cell lines CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468 were cultured and MTT was performed to define the best dose
of carboplatin. Next, the cells were treated with 10 μM carboplatin, olaparib, and with a combination of both for 24
hours. PARP-1 protein and gene expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and qRT-PCR,
respectively. The analysis of cell migration was performed in transwell chambers.

Results:
For CF41.Mg and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, there was a decrease in PARP-1 protein and gene expression after
treatment with carboplatin, olaparib, and both in combination compared to the group without treatment (control)
(p<0.05). Moreover, in both lines, a reduction in invasion rate was observed after treatment with carboplatin, olaparib
and when combined, compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Our data suggest that carboplatin and olaparib were able to block DNA repair and control the cancer
invasion, especially when used in combination. The results with olaparib in the canine line are unpublished. The olaparib
should be a possible agent against human breast cancer and canine mammary tumors.
Dapagliflozin Protects H9c2 Cells Against Injury Induced by
Lipopolysaccharide via Suppression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis and NF-κB
Activity
Authors: Faridvand Yousef , Nemati Maryam , Zamani-Gharehchamani Elham , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Zamani Arezoo Rezaie Nezhad , Nozari Samira , Safaie Nasser , Nouri Mohammad , Jodati Ahmadreza 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Dapagliflozin, a selective Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor,
has been shown to play a key role in the control and management of metabolic and cardiac diseases.

Objective:
The current study aims to address the effects of dapagliflozin on the expression of
fractalkine (FKN), known as CX3CL1, and its receptors CX3CR1, Nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)
p65 activity, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation in LPS-treated H9c2 cell line.

Methods:
H9c2 cells were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a model of LPS-induced
damage, and then, subsequently were treated with dapagliflozin for 72 h. Our work included
measurement of cell viability (MTT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular ROS, tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), NF-κB activity, and expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1.

Results:
The results showed that LPS-induced reduction of cell viability was successfully rescued
by dapagliflozin treatment. The cellular levels of MDA, ROS, and TNF-α, as an indication of cellular
oxidative stress and inflammation, were significantly elevated in H9c2 cells compared to the
control group. Furthermore, dapagliflozin ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress through
the modulation of the levels of MDA, TNF-α, and ROS. Correspondingly, dapagliflozin reduced
the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1, NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity, and it also attenuated nuclear
acetylated NF-κB p65 in LPS-induced injury in H9c2 cells compared to untreated cells.

Conclusion:
These findings shed light on the novel pharmacological potential of dapagliflozin in
the alleviation of LPS-induced CX3CL1/CX3CR1-mediated injury in inflammatory conditions
such as sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
Development and Validation of a Mobile Game for Culturally Sensitive Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education in Tanzania: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Malamsha Maria Proches , Sauli Elingarami , Luhanga Edith Talina 
Published: October 2021

Background
Globally, 3 out of 20 children experience sexual abuse before the age of 18 years. Educating children about sexual abuse and prevention is an evidence-based strategy that is recommended for ending child sexual abuse. Digital games are increasingly being used to influence healthy behaviors in children and could be an efficient and friendly approach to educating children about sexual abuse prevention. However, little is known on the best way to develop a culturally sensitive game that targets children in Africa—where sexual education is still taboo—that would be engaging, effective, and acceptable to parents and caretakers.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a socioculturally appropriate, mobile-based game for educating young children (<5 years) and parents and caretakers in Tanzania on sexual abuse prevention.

Methods
HappyToto children’s game was co-designed with 111 parents and caretakers (females: n=58, 52.3%; male: n=53, 47.7%) of children below 18 years of age and 24 child experts in Tanzania through surveys and focus group discussions conducted from March 2020 to April 2020. From these, we derived an overview of topics, sociocultural practices, social environment, and game interface designs that should be considered when designing child sexual abuse prevention (CSAP) education interventions. We also conducted paper prototyping and storyboarding sessions for the game’s interface, storylines, and options. To validate the application’s prototype, 32 parents (females: n=18, 56%; males: n=14, 44%) of children aged 3-5 years and 5 children (females: n=2, 40%; males: n=3, 60%) of the same age group played the game for half an hour on average. The parents undertook a pre-post intervention assessment on confidence and ability to engage in CSAP education conversations, as well as exit surveys on the usability and sociocultural acceptability of the game, while children were quizzed on the topics covered and their enjoyment of the game.

Results
Parents and caregivers showed interest in the developed game during the conducted surveys, and each parent on average navigated through all the parts of the game. The confidence level of parents in talking about CSAP increased from an average of 3.56 (neutral) before using the game to 4.9 (confident) after using the game. The ability scores, calculated based on a range of topics included in CSAP education talks with children, also increased from 5.67 (out of 10) to 8.8 (out of 10) after the game was played. Both confidence level and ability scores were statistically significant (P<.001). All 5 children were interested in the game and enjoyed the game-provided activities.

Conclusions
The HappyToto game can thus be an effective technology-based intervention for improving the knowledge and skills of parents and children in CSAP education.
Ethanolic extract of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) inhibits MCF-7 and MCF-7/HER2 mammospheres' formation: an in vitro and bioinformatic study
Authors: Novitasari Dhania , Muntafiah Laeli , Sari Nur Fitra , Meiyanto Edy , Hermawan Adam 
Published: October 2021

One of the mechanisms of cancer cell resistance toward chemotherapy is through cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are characterized by excessive activation of regulator proteins such as human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2). Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains brazilin and brazilein that exhibit cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines. We aimed to explore the potency of the ethanolic extract of sappan (EES) in CSCs through bioinformatic analyses and by using a three-dimensional (3D) breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) for in vitro assay with two different models (i.e., BCSCs and HER2-BCSCs) in order to identify the potential therapeutic targets of genes (PTTGs). Bioinformatic analyses identiﬁed PTTGs, which were further analyzed by gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and hub protein selection. Mammospheres were cultured under conditioned media. The cytotoxic effects of EES were then measured by direct counting and based on the mammosphere-forming potential (MFP). Bioinformatic analysis disclosed PIK3CA and TP53 as PTTGs in BCSCs and HER2-BCSCs, respectively. In addition, the KEGG pathway analyses also demonstrated that PTTGs could regulate the ERBB pathway. EES thus demonstrated cytotoxicity and inhibited the formation of mammospheres. Collectively, EES exhibited excellent potential for further development as an inhibitor of cancer stem cells in breast cancer.