bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypotension at Hospital Presentation and Post-contrast Acute Kidney Injury Following Computed Tomography with Contrast Media
Authors: Yoshizawa Jo , Yamamoto Ryo , Homma Koichiro , Kamikura Hanae , Sekine Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Yosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Sasaki Junichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) is a major complication of contrast media usage, and risks for PC-AKI are generally evaluated before performing computed tomography (CT) with contrast at the emergency department (ED). Although persistent hypotension (systolic blood pressure [sBP] <80 mmHg for 1 h) is associated with increased PC-AKI incidence, it remains unclear whether tentative hypotension that is hemodynamically stabilised before CT is a risk for PC-AKI. We hypothesised that hypotension on ED arrival would be associated with higher PC-AKI incidence; even if CT with contrast was performed after patients are appropriately resuscitated. Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted at three tertiary care centres during 2013–2014. We identified 280 patients who underwent CT with contrast at ED and whose kidney function was subsequently evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups based on sBP on arrival (<80 vs ≥80 mmHg); hypotension was considered as tentative because CT with contrast has always been performed after patients were stabilised at participating hospitals. PC-AKI incidence was compared between the groups, and inverse probability weighting (IPW) was conducted to adjust background characteristics, including age, sex, comorbidities, anaemia, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score. Results: Eighteen patients were excluded due to chronic haemodialysis, cardiac arrest on arrival, or died within 72 h, and 262 were eligible for this study. PC-AKI incidence was higher in the tentative hypotension group than in the normotension group (7/27 [28.6%] vs 24/235 [10.2%], odds ratio [OR] 3.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–8.03], p = 0.026), which was confirmed by IPW (OR 3.25 [95% CI 1.99–5.29], p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in subgroups with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: Tentative hypotension at ED was associated with PC-AKI development.
Investigation on Orbital EDM for Double-Hole Thin Wall of Integrated Flexible Joint
Authors: Liu Yang , Du Yunlong , Li Weifeng , Feng Yerui , Guo Yongfeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The thin neck structure of integrated flexible joint is the key factor to realize high-precision navigation in dynamically tuned gyroscope. The thin neck structure is composed of two adjacent circular holes and the thin wall between the two holes. The thin wall is easy to deform under the external force and vibration exerted by the tool when using traditional machining methods such as drilling and boring, and the cutting tools are easily to be damaged for the machining of small holes in superhard materials, inducing high processing cost. Aiming at these problems, the machining method of double-hole thin wall in the step-by-step orbital electrical discharge machining (EDM) with a high rotation speed electrode is proposed. The procedure for EDM of double-hole flexible thin wall is designed, and the process parameters of each step machining are optimized using orthogonal experiment and signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The machining experiments of double-hole thin wall of 3J33B material are proceed using the optimized parameters. The results show that the hole diameter of the double-hole flexible thin wall is 2 mm, the hole depth is 8mm, and the average thickness of the thin wall is about 46.5 μm. The thickness range between the measured point and the average is 1.55 μm, that compared with average thickness of 46.5 μm, the error is less than 3%, the overall thickness is uniform relatively.
Evaluation of altered miRNA expression pattern to predict COVID-19 severity.
Authors: Srivast Swati , Garg Iti , Singh Yamini , Meena Ramesh , Hembrom Anju A , Ghosh Nilanjana , Kumari Babita , Kumar Vinay , Eslavath Malleswara Rao , Singh Sayar , Dogra Vikas , Bargotya Mona , Bhattar Sonali , Gupta Utkarsh , Jain Shruti , Hussain Javed , Varshney Rajeev , Ganju Lilly 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 affected millions of people globally. After substantial research, there is no specific and reliable biomarker available till date. Present study was designed to identify specific biomarkers to predict COVID-19 severity and tool for formulating treatment. A small cohort of subjects (n=43) were enrolled and categorized in four study groups; Dead (n=16), Severe (n=10) and Moderate (n=7) patients and healthy controls (n=10). Small RNA sequencing was done on Illumina platform after isolation of microRNA from peripheral blood. Differential expression (DE) of miRNA (patients groups compared to control) revealed 118 down-regulated and 103 up-regulated known miRNAs with fold change (FC) expression ≥2 folds and p≤0.05. DE miRNAs were then subjected to functional enrichment and network analysis. Bioinformatic analysis resulted in 31 miRNAs (24 Down-regulated; 7 up-regulated) significantly associated with COVID-19 having AUC>0.8 obtained from ROC curve. Seventeen out of 31 DE miRNAs have been linked to COVID-19 in previous studies. Three miRNAs, hsa-miR-147b-5p and hsa-miR-107 (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-1299 (up-regulated) showed significant unique DE in Dead patients. Another set of 4 miRNAs, hsa-miR-224-5p (down-regulated) and hsa-miR-4659b-3p, hsa-miR-495-3p and hsa-miR-335-3p were differentially up-regulated uniquely in Severe patients. Members of three miRNA families, hsa-miR-20, hsa-miR-32 and hsa-miR-548 were significantly down-regulated in all patients group in comparison to healthy controls. Thus a distinct miRNA expression profile was observed in Dead, Severe and Moderate COVID-19 patients. Present study suggests a panel of miRNAs which identified in COVID-19 patients and could be utilized as potential diagnostic biomarkers for predicting COVID-19 severity.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Serologically in Patients Who Presented With Dyspeptic Symptoms to Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital
Authors: Tedros Bernandos Bahta , Teklehaimanot Selomie Zemicael , Tesfagabr Tsegai , Hailemichael Yafet , Woldu Sharon , Negassi Amine , Haile Estifanos , Ibrahim Mohammed , Kifleyesus Teame 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Optimum management of dyspepsia in primary care is a debatable subject. Testing and treatment for Helicobacter pylori has become widely accepted as the approach of choice for patients with chronic dyspepsia but no alarming features. We evaluated prevalence of H. pylori among outpatients with dyspepsia and serologic investigations for it in tertiary hospital Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital (OMSNRH) retrospectively.Methods: A retrospectively collected data of H. pylori status among dyspeptic patients from Out Patient Department (OPD) and laboratory of OMSNRH, who had undergone serologic test for the infection, of the year 2012 was reviewed for the period from February 2013 to May 2013.Results: The prevalence of dyspepsia visited OMSNRH was 6.08%, with female predominance, from a total visit of 30,035. Of all 1844 dyspeptic patients from the OPD, 20.93% were positive, 48.05% were negative and 31.02% were untested for H. pylori. From a total of 4136 of the laboratory results, the prevalence of H. pylori was 31%. In adults (>14 years), it was 34% and pediatric (<15 years), prevalence was 12.5%. Male sex preference was observed among the adults in this study (37.7% vs. 31.7%, P=0.034). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyspepsia was 6.08% and the prevalence of H. pylori serologically in this study was 34% in adults and 12.5% in pediatric age group.
Vom pädagogischen Misstrauen gegen die Prüfung und dem Versprechen einer digitalen Problemlösung
Authors: Schröder Sabrina 
Published: December 2021

Dieser Artikel lotet verschiedene Spielarten eines pädagogischen Misstrauens gegen die Prüfung aus. Hierfür werden zunächst schulpädagogische Auseinandersetzungen v. a. zu den Problematiken der Leistungsbeurteilung diskutiert. Dafür wird erstens auf die Selektionsfunktion der Schule Bezug genommen, zweitens die Differenz zwischen Standardisierung und Individualisierung der Leistungsmessung betrachtet und drittens das Problem der prognostischen Möglichkeiten von Noten in Bezug auf künftigen Lernerfolg thematisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser drei Argumentationslinien verdichtet sich das Misstrauen gegen die Prüfung als ein unauflösbarer Streit, nicht nur in der Wahl um die angemessenen Instrumente der Leistungsbeurteilung, sondern auch in der Frage danach, wie pädagogisch angemessen mit der diagnostischen Aufgabe umzugehen ist. Das neue Forschungsfeld der Learning Analytics wird anschliessend als eine mögliche Antwort auf diese Frage thematisiert, und es wird gezeigt, wie mit digitalen Prüfungspraktiken das Versprechen einhergeht, auf die genannten Probleme zu reagieren und das schulische Lernen insgesamt zu optimieren. Gleichzeitig wird deutlich gemacht, dass auf diese Weise hinsichtlich des Lernsubjekts, des Lerngegenstands und der pädagogischen Beziehungen Verengungsdynamiken produziert werden. Der Beitrag schliesst mit der Frage danach, inwiefern das Auslagern der Prüfung an digitale Tools mit einem Verantwortungsverlust der pädagogisch Handelnden verbunden ist.
The historical aspect of the systematization of criminalistic knowledge in the countries of the world
Authors: Yaremchuk V. O. 
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the history of formation of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world. Some issues of the history of systematization of forensic knowledge have been studied by such scientists as R. S. Belkin, M. V. Danshin, V. A. Zhuravel, V. P. Kolmakov, V. O. Konovalova, V. V. Yusupov, V. Yu. Shepitko and al. However, the works do not reveal the historical aspect of systematization and formation of the system of criminalistics knowledge.The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the history of systematization of criminalistics knowledgeAttention is drawn to the differences in the understanding of different scholars of the system of criminalistics knowledge in different historical periods. The process of systematization of criminalistics knowledge in different countries of the world is analyzed. Issues related to the formation of a system of criminalistics knowledge are outlined.The history of systematization of criminalistics knowledge covers several stages. Scientific works are characterized, which contain a certain system of criminalistics knowledge proposed by various authors. Yes, one of the first to summarize and classify criminalistics knowledge was Hans Gross. Also in different countries of the world, scientists have proposed their vision of the system of criminalistics knowledge. In particular, in the works of Uils William, A. Chebyshev-Dmitriev, RA Reissa, S.M. Tregubov, E. Locar, etc., as well as in many legislative acts of France, England, Scotland, North America contain criminalistics recommendations for the investigation of crimes
Ekonomichna bezpeka Ukrainy yak peredumova zabezpechennia yii suverenitetu
Authors: Yakoviyk I. V. , Turenko A. Yu. 
Published: December 2021

Economic security is an integral part of national security. As history shows, a strong economy is a prerequisite for the power of the state, its place and role in the world community. From the second half of the twentieth century economic development issues have become an integral part of the national security ideas of both the scientific community and the governments of most countries. While in some countries the emphasis is primarily on the economic power and economic sovereignty of the state, in others – on the issues related to «energy», «technological», «food» security or protection of the state from global and regional economic cataclysms, or the danger of «economic espionage».
Economic security is the foundation of national security and at the same time it is closely interconnected with its other components. Also it is the basis for ensuring its subspecies such as military, political, environmental, information and others.
The need to ensure economic security at the macro level is growing in connection with the development of globalization and integration processes in the second half of the twentieth century. Globalization and economic integration, on the one hand, threaten economic sovereignty and, on the other, create new opportunities for economic growth. In the context of economic globalization and regional integration, it is extremely important to reveal the essence of ensuring the economic security of the state. To achieve the goal of studying the economic security of the modern state, it is necessary to consider theoretical and methodological approaches to ensuring economic security.
The role of the advocate in the ensuring the unity of the judicial practice in civil cases
Authors: Popov O. I. 
Published: December 2021

The presented work highlights the possible ways of the advocate's influence on the implementation by the Supreme Court of the function of ensuring the unity of judicial practice in civil cases. Without denying the status of the Supreme Court as a central institution in the field of forming unified approaches to law enforcement, attention is focused on the fact that the dynamics of procedural legislation in terms of regulating procedures for access to cassation in civil cases allows us to rethink the mission and content of the representative function of a lawyer at the appropriate stage of the civil process. Based on the analysis of the current edition of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, it is argued that the ability of the advocate to be an active subject of influence on the formation of a unified law enforcement practice is most noticeably manifested when overcoming existing filters of access to cassation, in particular, when applying to the Supreme Court with a cassation appeal, which today demands from the advocate extended argumentation when proving the existence of grounds for cassation revision, with a thorough analysis of the established practice of the cassation court and, at times, giving reasons for the need to deviate from such practice and form new law enforcement approaches.
Along with the above, among the individual methods of influence of the advocate on ensuring the unity of judicial practice, the filing of a petition for the suspension of proceedings on the basis of a review of a court decision in similar legal relations (in another case) by way of appeal by the chambers of the Supreme Court, as well as a petition to transfer the case for consideration The Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court in connection with the need to resolve an exceptional legal problem.
Legal protection of Germany's national interests in the field of environmental security: the evolution of approaches
Authors: Muravyova Svitlana 
Published: December 2021

It is widely recognised that climate change is having malign effects on human life. Climate change is a global issue, but the political action necessary to address it is inevitably local and national as well as international. The security dilemma is one of the most important theoretical ideas in international relations. The content of security policy is evolving because "security" is a social structure, the content and structure of which is constantly changing depending on the transformation of existing and the emergence of new threats and challenges (climate change, destruction of the ozone layer, desertification, fresh water shortages, etc. - the list of current environmental problems in the XXI century is increasingly supplemented by new threats.
Scholars, policy-makers, and activists have proposed broadening use of the concept security beyond its traditional military focus to take into account environmental threats that seriously jeopardize human well-being. This paper explores how ecological and climate problems have fundamentally changed the way we think about security. The non-physical security, diversification of threats, and the salience of identity are key effects of globalization in the security realm. These security effects translate into certain behavioral tendencies in a Germany foreign policy that have thus far not been studied in the literature.
The claim that environmental factors should be integrated into the concept of security was first made in the early 1980s. In the late twentieth - early twenty-first century the concept of security has been expanded and applied to address many of the most important issues of international relations theory and security policy. Environmental issues are not only to be treated as non-military threats to the security of societies, but can also work to promote cooperation and peace-building. In modern conditions, the ability of the state system to respond to environmental hazards is criticized, and therefore fundamentally different management structures are proposed as a replacement for it. Therefore, targeted climate protection policies at the international and regional levels, as well as at the national and local levels, are needed to effectively address environmental and climate threats and challenges.
Germany positions itself as a regional and world leader in the field of environmental protection and climate. The idea of ​​caring for the environment is gradually becoming an essential element of the value system, legal culture and national identity of German society and the state, which it not only promotes both in the European Communities / European Union and beyond, but also consistently protects. Within the framework of the EU environmental policy, there is room for independent national action by the German government. This guarantees Germany a free choice of national strategies in promoting environmental policy.
Application of Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Residual Solvents in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDS)
Authors: Shakleya Diaa , Mazumder Sonal , Pavurala Naresh , Mattson Sara , Faustino Patrick J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDS) are widely used to deliver a
number of different drug therapeutics. The design delivery can be impacted by excipients and,
more broadly, organic solvents. Organic or residual solvents are routinely monitored due to
safety concerns. However, there is little information on the mechanical properties and delivery
performance of TDS.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to develop and validate an efficient GC-Headspace
method to determine the residual solvents (n-heptane, o-xylene, and ethyl acetate) in transdermal
patches. The analytical method was applied to monitor residual solvents in TDS and evaluate
the potential effect of the residual solvent levels on the TDS adhesion properties.

Methods:
An Agilent GC 7890A was integrated with an Agilent headspace analyzer 7697A system
and was used for method development, analytical method validation, and the testing phases
of the study. For the analysis of residual solvents in TDS, 2cm x 3cm, a TDS sample was placed
in a 20 mL Headspace vial containing 2 mL of a DMSO/water (1:1, v/v) solvent mixture, and an
external standard (cyclohexane) was extracted by the headspace analyzer. The system suitability
test was conducted according to USP <621>, and analytical method validation was conducted
according to USP <1225> over 3 days for validation and was also performed during in-study
sample analysis.

Results:
The resolution between the solvents was acceptable (2.5, %RSD = 8.0). Intra- and inter-
day accuracy and precision of all quality control standards as well as the spiked standards in
the transdermal patches were found to be acceptable with RSD% ≤ 10% and accuracy ≥ 85%,
respectively. Linearity was > 0.99 for all analytes.

Conclusion:
The validated GC-Headspace method was successfully applied to a pilot study for
in-house manufactured TDS patches to study the impact of residual solvent concentration on
adhesion performance.
Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic
Fatty Liver Disease: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Ma Cheng , Wang Cheng , Zhang Yafang , Zhou Honglin , Li Yunxia 
Published: December 2021

:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress-induced
liver injury closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, and there is no specific
drug for its clinical treatment currently. In recent years, a large amount of literature has reported
that many natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve
NAFLD through various mechanisms. According to the latest reports, some emerging natural compounds
have shown great potential to improve NAFLD but are seldom used clinically due to the
lacking special research.

:
This paper aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds
on improving NAFLD, thus providing a direction and basis for further research on the
pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment
of NAFLD.

:
By searching various online databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and
CNKI, NAFLD and these natural compounds were used as the keywords for detailed literature retrieval.

:
The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds
on improving NAFLD have been reviewed.

:
Many natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine have a good prospect in
the treatment of NAFLD, which can serve as a direction for the development of anti-NAFLD drugs
in the future.
Advancement and development in computational chemistry for Colorectal Cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Rawat Samridhi , Paliwal Deepika 
Published: December 2021

:
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in the world and is a significant cause of death from cancer. To get a cure for colorectal cancer, early diagnosis and screening are necessary, as well as a clear understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Molecular characterization of mutations associated with cancer provides useful information on the prognosis and reaction to therapy. This review discusses the clinical, molecular, and pathogenic features of the early onset of colorectal cancer, its screening tests, and diagnosis. The recent advances and rapid growth of computational tools in colorectal cancer used for diagnosis as well as screening are outlined in this review, including artificial intelligence, computer aided diagnosis, molecular docking, machine learning, and deep learning. In recent developments, the application of artificial intelligence has proved its excellency and shown a promising result, pointing out the severe need for a multidisciplinary approach to achieve an excellent result.
Research on the development of the Chinese higher education system during the anti-Japanese war period, 1937-1945
Authors: Jun Huang Yan , Seng Tan Chee 
Published: December 2021

The ancient dynasty was deposed in 1911, and a new republic took its place. It is found that China made great development in all areas of life throughout the Republican era (1912-1949) excepting Anti-Japanese War. During the time when the last Quing dynasty would approach its end, China is in the primary stage in building a higher education system. In a republican era, China developed its modern higher education system which is composed of public universities, private, universities, and voluntary universities. The war with Japan was certainly the most momentous event in the History of China during the Republican era. The methodology indicating the Reformation era is thoroughly examined during the war. The new development of the war has highlighted a higher education system. Consequently, this paper examines the evolution of China's higher education system from 1937 to 1945, during Japan's anti-war era. In this paper, a descriptive methodology is used to get reliable results. Besides, secondary data such as journals, peer-review, papers, books, articles, were used to get information for the topic.