bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PINT: A Modern Software Package for Pulsar Timing
Authors: Luo Jing , Ransom Scott , Demorest Paul , Ray Paul S. , Archibald Anne , Kerr Matthew , Jennings Ross J. , Bachetti Matteo , van Haasteren Rutger , Champagne Chloe A. , Colen Jonathan , Phillips Camryn , Zimmerman Josef , Stovall Kevin , Lam Michael T. , Jenet Fredrick A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the measurement precision of some pulsar timing experiments has advanced from ∼10 μs to ∼10 ns, revealing many subtle phenomena. Such high precision demands both careful data handling and sophisticated timing models to avoid systematic error. To achieve these goals, we present PINT (PINT Is Not
T

empo3), a high-precision Python pulsar timing data analysis package, which is hosted on GitHub and available on the Python Package Index (PyPI) as pint-pulsar. PINT is well tested, validated, object oriented, and modular, enabling interactive data analysis and providing an extensible and flexible development platform for timing applications. It utilizes well-debugged public Python packages (e.g., the NumPy and Astropy libraries) and modern software development schemes (e.g., version control and efficient development with git and GitHub) and a continually expanding test suite for improved reliability, accuracy, and reproducibility. PINT is developed and implemented without referring to, copying, or transcribing the code from other traditional pulsar timing software packages (e.g., Tempo/Tempo2) and therefore provides a robust tool for cross-checking timing analyses and simulating pulse arrival times. In this paper, we describe the design, use, and validation of PINT, and we compare timing results between it and Tempo and Tempo2.
Universal Peaks Ratio in the Spectral Energy Density of Double Hump Blazars, Gamma-Ray Bursts, and Microquasars?
Authors: Dado Shlomo , Dar Arnon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The peak frequencies of the two broad humps evident in the spectral energy density of blazars (SED) are time dependent and vary a lot between different blazars. However, their ratio in most blazars appears to be almost universal and equal to m

e

c
2/4(1 + z)ϵ

p
to a good approximation, where m

e
is the electron mass, ϵ

p
is the peak energy of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and z is the redshift of the blazar. We discuss a possible origin of such a universal ratio in blazars: gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We point out a possible connection between the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons and the maximal peak energies of the two broad humps in the SED of high energy peaked blazars and GRBs. We also point out that a universal peak ratio in double hump blazars that belong to different classes in the BL Lac sequence may simply reflect different viewing angles of otherwise similar blazars.
Reactivation of the High Magnetic Field Pulsar PSR J1846–0258 with Magnetar-like Bursts
Authors: Blumer Harsha , Safi-Harb Samar , McLaughlin Maura A. , Fiore William 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on the 2020 reactivation of the energetic high magnetic field pulsar PSR J1846–0258 and its pulsar wind nebula (PWN) after 14 yr of quiescence with new Chandra and Green Bank Telescope observations. The emission of short-duration bursts from J1846–0258 was accompanied by an enhancement of X-ray persistent flux and significant spectral softening, similar to those observed during its first bursting episode in 2006. The 2020 pulsar spectrum is described by a power-law model with a photon index Γ = 1.7 ± 0.3 in comparison to a Γ = 1.2 ± 0.1 before outburst, and shows evidence of an emerging thermal component with blackbody temperature kT = 0.7 ± 0.1 keV. The 0.5–10 keV unabsorbed flux increased from

× 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 in quiescence to

× 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1 following the outburst. We did not detect any radio pulsations from the pulsar at 2 GHz, and we place an upper limit of 7.1 μJy and 55 mJy for the coherent pulsed emission and single pulses, respectively. The 2020 PWN spectrum, characterized by a photon index of 1.92 ± 0.04 and X-ray luminosity of (1.2 ± 0.1) × 1035 erg s−1 at a distance of 5.8 kpc, is consistent with those observed before the outburst. An analysis of regions closer to the pulsar shows small-scale time variabilities and brightness changes over the 20 yr period from 2000 to 2020, while the photon indices did not change. We conclude that the outburst in PSR J1846–0258 is a combination of crustal and magnetospheric effects, with no significant burst-induced variability in its PWN based on the current observations.
Économie collaborative et tourisme : le cas d’un changement stratégique d’un hôtel indépendant français face à l’arrivée de Airbnb
Authors: Darras Barquissau Nathalie , Fontan Sers Charlotte 
Published: April 2021

Airbnb répond à des changements sociétaux et s’inscrit dans un contexte d’évolution des modes de tourisme. Partout dans le monde, de plus en plus de voyageurs utilisent des plateformes d’économie collaborative comme Airbnb. Notre étude met l’accent sur un hôtel indépendant en Nouvelle-Aquitaine et répond à la question suivante : quel est l’impact de l‘arrivée des plateformes telles qu’Airbnb sur un hôtel indépendant ? Pour mener à bien notre recherche, nous avons réalisé pendant quatre années une étude de cas longitudinale de nature exploratoire sur trois membres d’une même famille liée à l’entreprise étudiée. Nous montrons alors le processus par lequel l’entreprise a réalisé un repositionnement stratégique radical et un changement total de business model puisque les chambres de l’hôtel ont été transformées en appartements loués sur la plateforme Airbnb.
Le rôle des consultants dans la recherche et la diffusion de l’ABC au Sénégal
Authors: Diop Sérigné , Dieng Ousmane Tanor 
Published: April 2021

La recherche sur les innovations en contrôle de gestion commence à émerger au Sénégal. Pour ce qui est de la recherche sur l’ABC, quatre types de recherche peuvent être identifiées : recherche fondamentale, recherche-conseil, recherche-intervention et recherche critique. Les résultats de la recherche universitaire en comptabilité (recherche fondamentale, recherche critique et recherche-intervention) constituent un support incontournable pour les législateurs (normalisateurs comptables) et les praticiens de la comptabilité (experts-comptables et consultants des cabinets de conseil), qui constituent les relais naturels des universitaires. Au Sénégal, à partir de 2012, deux universitaires ont étudié la diffusion des innovations en comptabilité de gestion. Ils ont mis en évidence les facteurs de contingence et les motifs d’adoption ou de non-adoption des nouvelles méthodes de calcul de coûts. Cependant, ces jalons posés par la recherche universitaire sont-ils consolidés par les consultants des cabinets de conseil à travers la recherche-conseil et leurs actions promotionnelles destinées aux entreprises potentielles utilisatrices de la méthode ABC ? L’action promotionnelle des consultants a-t-elle un impact significatif sur l’adoption de la comptabilité à base d’activités ? Le présent travail tentera d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces interrogations.
Violence du fantasme chez l’homme aux rats
Authors: Baslé François 
Published: April 2021

Je souhaite aborder le thème de la violence à travers le fantasme de la névrose obsessionnelle. Nous allons reprendre « L’Homme aux rats » de Freud, car comme il le rapporte ce « n’est pas le début de la maladie, c’est la maladie même. C’est une névrose obsessionnelle complète, à laquelle ne manque aucun élément essentiel. C’est en même temps le noyau et le modèle de sa névrose ultérieure 2 ».
Vers de nouvelles formes d’ancrage de l’économie sociale et solidaire au sein des universités françaises
Authors: Ros Élodie , Bouadi Lamia , Brunet Carole 
Published: April 2021

Cet article dresse un état des lieux des initiatives d’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) au sein des universités françaises, qui peuvent être portées par des enseignants, des étudiants ou encore des services de l’université. Apparues au début du XX e siècle, ces initiatives dépassent les seules vocations d’enseignement et de recherche, et s’inscrivent dans des logiques militantes d’enseignants ou d’étudiants, ainsi que dans une perspective de transformation de la place de l’Université dans la société. Ce panorama est prolongé par l’étude d’une coopérative étudiante éphémère, Coop’en 8, portée par le service « insertion » de l’université Paris-8, illustrant une évolution majeure dans la manière dont l’Université française accueille de plus en plus souvent l’ESS en l’inscrivant dans ses missions.
Visual and Tomographic Outcomes of a 300° Arc-length ICRS Implantation in Moderate to Advanced Central Keratoconus
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Torquetti Leonardo , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Allan Bruce , Poo-López Aranzazu , Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén , de la Cruz José , Monteiro Tiago , Madrid-Costa David 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To assess the outcomes of implanting a new 300° arc-length intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) in moderate to advanced central hyperprolate keratoconus.

METHODS:
Forty-two eyes with moderate to advanced central hyperprolate keratoconus were evaluated before and after implanting an inferior 300° ICRS (AJL Ophthalmic). The clinical measurements taken included manifest refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity (logMAR scale), and corneal tomographic analysis (Sirius; Costruzioni Strumenti Oftalmici). Changes in the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces and the root mean square (RMS) for coma-like aberrations for a pupil size of 4.5 mm were evaluated. All examinations were performed before surgery and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

The mean UDVA improved from 1.12 ± 0.48 logMAR preoperatively to 0.73 ± 0.37 logMAR postoperatively (
P
< .0001). The mean CDVA changed from 0.33 ± 0.20 to 0.20 ± 0.11 logMAR (
P
< .0001). Postoperatively, the CDVA improved by two or more lines in 45.2% of the eyes and increased by one line in 19.04%, and none of the patients lost lines of CDVA. All of the anterior and posterior corneal tomographic parameters analyzed were significantly improved after surgery, except posterior flat keratometry, which remained unchanged. In 80.95% of the eyes, the postoperative mean keratometry was 50.00 diopters or less. The 6-month RMS for coma-like aberrations also declined significantly from 1.57 ± 0.68 to 1.06 ± 0.42 µm after surgery (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that implanting a 300° arc-length ICRS is a safe and effective procedure for treating patients with moderate to advanced central hyperprolate keratoconus and clear cornea.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(4):249–255.]
Élites, médias et « opinion publique » : la Hongrie du début du XVIIIe siècle jusqu’à l’ère des Réformes
Authors: Aubert Mathieu 
Published: April 2021

L’article traite de l’adéquation du modèle théorique établi par Jürgen Habermas au sujet de l’émergence d’une sphère publique autonome avec les réalités politiques et sociales hongroises des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles. Si certains concepts du philosophe allemand semblent pertinents (diffusion des moyens techniques, dissociation des modèles décisionniste et délibératif pour la prise de décision politique, élargissement des groupes sociaux concernés par cette dernière), l’application du modèle dans son ensemble paraît plus incertaine. Ainsi, les subtilités du système politique hongrois, caractérisé par l’importance d’assemblées délibératives plus ou moins contraintes par le pouvoir viennois, s’accommodent mal de la généalogie du modèle habermassien. Par ailleurs, le rôle déterminant des élites nobiliaires traditionnelles dans les évolutions de la première moitié du XIXe siècle remet en cause l’affirmation d’une élite médiatique indépendante des élites politiques, condition censément indispensable pour l’émergence de l’opinion publique habermassienne.
La presse contre les élites ? Le cas de Charlie Hebdo dans les années 1970
Authors: Mazurier Stéphane 
Published: April 2021

Journal emblématique des « années 68 », Charlie Hebdo a notamment exercé sa verve satirique envers certaines élites de la société française : les industriels, les magnats de la presse, mais surtout les responsables politiques de la droite gaullo-giscardienne. Ce discours anti-élitaire ne dévie cependant pas vers le populisme, ni même l’ouvriérisme. Les membres de la rédaction sont majoritairement issus des classes populaires, et portent un regard très distancié sur les élites intellectuelles classiques. En revanche, ils s’inscrivent parfaitement dans la « contre-culture » des années soixante-dix et s’agrègent ainsi à une espèce de « contre-élite ». Enfin, la victoire de la gauche en 1981 a pour effet de placer Charlie Hebdo dans une position délicate de soutien aux nouvelles élites politiques au pouvoir.
Practice of Wound Closure Techniques among Emergency Physicians and Surgeons in Makkah City Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Felemban Jeehad M. , Binyaseen Kenan A. , Almalki Waleed S. , Altowairqi Fahad S. , Sakhakhini Amer O. , Alharbi Ziyad I. 
Published: April 2021

Background Wound suturing is a procedure performed by medical and surgical specialists. While there are many different suturing techniques and materials used to treat patients, the choice of which to employ depends on different variables that affect the outcome of the procedure. Design and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted to provide descriptive data regarding the practice of wound closure techniques, and to develop an awareness of scar formation factors. A total of 172 general surgery (GS) surgeons and emergency (EM) physicians in Makkah city hospitals in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. Results More than 50% of the practitioners favored the simple interrupted technique for the treatment of all types of studied wounds. The other most common techniques among participants were the subcuticular and vertical mattress methods, respectively, while the use of a stapler was limited to certain wound types. Regarding suturing material, polyglycolic acid was the most frequent material used by 50.1% of participants, whereas only 22% of the participants selected nylon material for wound suturing. However, this study showed a good level of awareness among participants, with significant p-values (p<0.05) of strongly agree and agree regarding the essential factors affecting wound healing and scar formation. Conclusions The result provides insight into the most common suture techniques and materials used in wound closure. There are wide variations in selecting these techniques and materials among the participants. Also, we found that there is good awareness amongparticipants about factors that lead to scar formation.
Pharmaceutical Validation of Modified Chitraka Haritaki Avaleha
Authors: Bhinde Sonam Sagar , Bhinde Sagar Mahendrabhai , Kori Virendrakumar K. , Chaudhari Swapnil Y. , Patagiri Biswajyoti J. , Patel Kalpna S. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Chitraka Haritaki Avaleha (CHA) is a well-known Ayurveda preparation recommended in the management of chronic rhinitis, cough, asthma, anorexia, pthisis, and worm infestation. These diseases are more common in children, and, hence, CHA is one of the important formulations used in pediatric patients. However, considering its nonpalatable (bitter astringent) taste along with complexity of confection preparation, it is high time to amend and validate its pharmaceutical process.

Aim:
To prepare modified CHA and develop standard manufacturing procedures for this modified formulation.

Materials and Methods:
Five pilot batches with varying proportions of ingredients were prepared to fix the ratio of formulation composition and to make it palatable for children. In these five pilot batches, the proportion of the fifth batch was found to be most acceptable and, hence, the ratio of this batch was kept as a standard formulation based on organoleptic parameters; this procedure was repeated thrice to ensure the process validation.

Results:
Preparation of confection by the classical method by adding Terminalia chebula Retz. powder in decoction was not palatable for pediatric purpose. Jaggery was increased by 1.5 times, Terminalia chebula Retz. powder was reduced by 50%, and Terminalia chebula Retz. was added. Jaggery (1.5 times) used in condiments gave a desired palatable taste (mild bitter and mild astringent) for children.

Conclusion:
This modified process can be considered as a standard manufacturing process of CHA, especially for pediatric use.
Experimental Brine Shrimp (Artemia Salina) Lethality Assay to Evaluate the Drug Incompatibility on Combined Administration of Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum) and Madhu (Honey)
Authors: Ajanal Manjunath N. , Sushma H. N. , Kotturshetty I. B. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Drug incompatibility is one of the major causes of adverse drug reaction (ADR) or drug-induced toxicity in Ayurveda. In fact, this science has given special importance to such drug-induced issues and grouped them under the concept of Viruddha (drug incompatibility) and provided many measures to avoid them in clinical practice; one such example is a combination of fruits of Kakamachi (Solanum nigrum [SN]) and honey. The toxicity of this combination was not assessed; thus, the present study was planned to assess the toxic effect of the combined administration of fruits of Kakamachi and honey on brine shrimp lethality assay.

Aims:
To evaluate the brine shrimp lethality activity of the combined drug administration of fruits of Kakamachi and honey.

Materials and Methods:
Authentic brine shrimp eggs were laboratory cultured in artificially prepared saline sea water, and hatched brine shrimp nauplii were subjected to different concentrations of the combination to evaluate the LC50 and lethality assay.

Results and conclusion:
The study demonstrated that LC50 of fruit powder of SN and honey has shown potential cytotoxic effects at a dose of 0.57 mg on brine shrimp nauplii.
Management of Pakshaghata (Hemiplegia due to basal ganglia bleed) through Panchakarma
Authors: Verma Poonam , Kundra Latika , Bhatted Santosh Kumar , Dharmarajan Prasanth 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Stroke is defined as the fast onset of focal neurological deficit within which poor blood flow to the brain ends up in necrobiosis. It is the second most common reason for worldwide mortality. Hemorrhagic strokes are classified based on their underlying pathology. Some common causes of bleeding are hypertensive trauma, ruptured aneurism, AV fistula, transformation of previous ischemic pathology, and drug-elicited hemorrhage. They result in tissue injury by inflicting compression of tissue from an expanding hematoma. Pakshaghata described in Ayurveda can be correlated with hemiplegia or paralysis of half of the body (either right side or left side), impairment of sensory organs, and mental function. All Acharya have emphasized that in the manifestation of Pakshaghata, Vata is predominant with the association of Pitta and Kapha Dosha.

Materials and Methods:
The present clinical study is a case report on the efficacy of Panchakarma procedures along with internal medication in a patient diagnosed as a case of basal ganglionic bleed resulting in right-sided hemiplegia. Assessments were done on the basis of Barthel Index, Modified Rankin Scale, Scandinavian Stroke Scale, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Results and Conclusion:
There was marked improvement in walking, speech, and lifting of right upper limb with an overall improvement in quality of life. Hence, this study suggests that Panchakarma procedures along with oral Ayurveda medicine show significant relief in the symptoms of disease.
Morphometry of Sylvian Fissure among Maharashtrian Population
Authors: Amol A. S. , Kushalini K. A. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Various studies have documented asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in the Sylvian fissure (SF). The objective of the present study was to determine the morphometry of Sylvian fissure for sexual dimorphism and interhemispherical variations.

Methodology:
In a descriptive study at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, morphometric evaluation of lateral sulcus was done from 50 cerebral hemispheres. SF and Sylvian point with its posterior limb, anterior limb, and ascending limb were demarcated after dissecting out the cerebral hemispheres from the cranial cavity. The length of posterior limb of SF, anterior limb, and ascending limb was noted separately for the left and right sides. The angle between the limbs was noted. Incidence of bifurcation into anterior and ascending limbs as V, U. or Y shape at anterior Sylvian point was noted.

Results:
The average length of SF (posterior, ascending, and anterior limbs) on the left hemispheres was significantly more than the right side. The length of SF was also significantly more in males in comparison with males. The most common branching pattern of anterior and ascending limbs was U shape (64%). The angle between posterior and ascending limbs on the left side was significantly higher in the left side (104°) than on the right side (98°).

Conclusion:
Posterior, anterior, and ascending limbs of SF were longer on the left side. Male brains had significantly longer SF than females. U-shaped branching was the most common shape bilaterally and in both sexes. The angle between ascending and anterior limbs was found more in females and on the left side, thus reflecting laterality and sexual dimorphism.
A Histological Study on the Developing Adrenal Gland in Human Fetuses
Authors: Kumar T. Suresh , Kumar S Sathish , Rekha B Minu 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Adrenal gland has an outer cortex and inner medulla that vary structurally, functionally, and embryologically. The developing gland plays a major role in concordance development of various viscera of the fetus and in parturition. The fetal adrenal gland shows histological changes not only in the fetal cortex but also in capsule, permanent cortex, and medulla. The current study aims to look at the changes in the microstructure of the fetal adrenal glands at various gestational ages.

Methodology:
Forty adrenal specimens from dead fetuses of gestational age from 14 to 36 weeks were collected and processed for routine hematoxyline and eosin staining and studied under light microscope. The samples were grouped into I, II, and III based on their gestational age. The microscopic changes occurring in different gestational ages were studied and photographed.

Results:
The cortex become well defined by 18 weeks and increase in thickness till term. Blood vessels appear in the capsule as early as 15 weeks. The fetal cortex increases in thickness with increase in gestational age. Lymphocytic infiltrations were consistently noted in the permanent cortex. The neuroblastic nodules were noted in the medulla from 14 weeks and regressed with advancing gestational age.

Conclusion:
Increase in the size of the fetal adrenal gland is mainly due to the increase in the fetal cortex. The neuroblastic nodules were seen until 32 weeks of gestation. The lymphocytic infiltration in the fetal cortex opens a new avenue of research to study their role in mediating the cortical secretions in fetus.