bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixtures Under Normal Temperature Water Immersion
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Caili 
Published: August 2021

To study the deformation resistance of steel slag asphalt mixtures (SSAMs) under rainy conditions, limestone–asphalt mixtures (LAMs) and SSAM were soaked in water at room temperature for 120 days and rutting tests and triaxial compression tests were carried out. The results show that the deformation resistance of SSAM was improved after 120 days of immersion, the cohesion did not decrease significantly, and the internal friction angle increased by 25.1%; the deformation resistance of LAM decreased significantly, the cohesion decreased by 27.1%, and the internal friction angle decreased by 21.1%. To better understand the reason for the increased anti-deformation ability, adhesion tests of asphalt and microscopic studies of the steel slag surface were performed. The experimental results showed that the cohesion of steel slag did not decrease significantly after immersion because of the excellent adhesion between steel slag and asphalt. The increased internal friction angle was caused by calcium hydroxide and other crystals formed on the surface of the steel slag mixture after immersion, which increased the surface roughness of the steel slag aggregates and the internal friction angle of the SSAM. The mechanical properties of semirigid asphalt pavement were analyzed by ANSYS. It was determined that the shear stress of this type of pavement is large, and it can easily produce permanent deformations. Under the influence of moisture, the anti-deformation ability of SSAMs can grow, which promotes the high-temperature deformation resistance of asphalt pavement. Based on a test road used for 2 years, the SSAM pavement exhibited no pavement problems, such as cracking, loosening, or rutting, which indicates good practical road performance.
Ability of a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Need for Perioperative Red Blood Cells Transfusion in Pelvic Fracture Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study in China
Authors: Huang Xueyuan , Wang Yongjun , Chen Bingyu , Huang Yuanshuai , Wang Xinhua , Chen Linfeng , Gui Rong , Ma Xianjun 
Published: August 2021

Background: Predicting the perioperative requirement for red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion in patients with the pelvic fracture may be challenging. In this study, we constructed a perioperative RBCs transfusion predictive model (ternary classifications) based on a machine learning algorithm.Materials and Methods: This study included perioperative adult patients with pelvic trauma hospitalized across six Chinese centers between September 2012 and June 2019. An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to predict the need for perioperative RBCs transfusion, with data being split into training test (80%), which was subjected to 5-fold cross-validation, and test set (20%). The ability of the predictive transfusion model was compared with blood preparation based on surgeons' experience and other predictive models, including random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and Gaussian naïve Bayes classifier models. Data of 33 patients from one of the hospitals were prospectively collected for model validation.Results: Among 510 patients, 192 (37.65%) have not received any perioperative RBCs transfusion, 127 (24.90%) received less-transfusion (RBCs &lt; 4U), and 191 (37.45%) received more-transfusion (RBCs ≥ 4U). Machine learning-based transfusion predictive model produced the best performance with the accuracy of 83.34%, and Kappa coefficient of 0.7967 compared with other methods (blood preparation based on surgeons' experience with the accuracy of 65.94%, and Kappa coefficient of 0.5704; the random forest method with an accuracy of 82.35%, and Kappa coefficient of 0.7858; the gradient boosting decision tree with an accuracy of 79.41%, and Kappa coefficient of 0.7742; the K-nearest neighbor with an accuracy of 53.92%, and Kappa coefficient of 0.3341). In the prospective dataset, it also had a food performance with accuracy 81.82%.Conclusion: This multicenter retrospective cohort study described the construction of an accurate model that could predict perioperative RBCs transfusion in patients with pelvic fractures.
Association Between the Health Locus of Control and Medication Adherence: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care
Authors: Gerland Hanna-Maria E. , Prell Tino 
Published: August 2021

Background: Medication non-adherence is an important healthcare issue and a common problem. Many predictors of non-adherence have been found in different settings and cohorts.Objective: Evaluate the impact of the health locus of control (HLC) on unintentional/intentional non-adherence in primary care.Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, 188 patients (mean age 63.3 ± 14.9 years) were recruited from three primary care practices in Jena, Germany, over 4 months. The study assessed demographic data, self-reported adherence (German Stendal adherence to medication score, SAMS), HLC, and depression.Results: According to the SAMS total score, 44 (27.5%) were fully adherent, 93 (58.1%) were moderately non-adherent, and 23 (14.4%) were clinically significantly non-adherent. The most common reasons for non-adherence were forgetting to take the medication or lacking knowledge about the prescribed medication. Multiple linear regression revealed that adherence was good in people with external HLC and poor in internal HLC. In particular, intentional non-adherence was positively associated with internal HLC and negatively with fatalistic external HLC. Depression had a negative influence on both intentional and unintentional non-adherence.Conclusion: HLC is an independent predictor of medication non-adherence and is a promising target for interventions that enhance adherence.
Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity, Music and Art Activities Preserved Cognitive Health in Older Adults: An Argument for Social Prescribing Solution
Authors: Arab Ali , Christie Gregory J. , Mansouri Mehrdad , Ahmadzadeh Maryam , Sixsmith Andrew , Ester Martin , Moreno Sylvain 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Rates of dementia are projected to increase over the coming years as global populations age. Without a treatment to slow the progression of dementia, many health policies are focusing on preventing dementia by slowing the rate of cognitive decline with age. However, it is unclear which lifestyle changes in old age meaningfully reduce the rate of cognitive decline associated with aging.Objectives: Use existing, multi-year longitudinal health data to determine if engagement in a variety of different lifestyle activities can slow the rate of cognitive decline as older adults age.Method: Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging was analyzed using a quasi-experimental, efficient matched-pair design inspired by the clinical trial methodology. Changes in short-term memory scores were assessed over a multi-year interval for groups who undertook one of 11 different lifestyle activities, compared to control groups matched across confounding socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.Results: Two factors, moderate-intensity physical activity and learning activities, resulted in significant positive impact on cognitive function.Conclusion: Our analysis brings cognitive benefit arguments in favor of two lifestyle activities, moderate-intensity physical activity and learning activities, while rejecting other factors advanced by the literature such as vigorous-intensity physical activity. Those findings justify and encourage the development of new lifestyle health programs by health authorities and bring forward the new health system solution, social prescribing.
Predicting the Emergence of Major Neurocognitive Disorder Within Three Months After a Stroke
Authors: Aamodt Eva Birgitte , Schellhorn Till , Stage Edwin , Sanjay Apoorva Bharthur , Logan Paige E. , Svaldi Diana Otero , Apostolova Liana G. , Saltvedt Ingvild , Beyer Mona Kristiansen 
Published: August 2021

Background: Neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is common after stroke, with major NCD appearing in about 10% of survivors of a first-ever stroke. We aimed to classify clinical- and imaging factors related to rapid development of major NCD 3 months after a stroke, so as to examine the optimal composition of factors for predicting rapid development of the disorder. We hypothesized that the prediction would mainly be driven by neurodegenerative as opposed to vascular brain changes.Methods: Stroke survivors from five Norwegian hospitals were included from the “Norwegian COgnitive Impairment After STroke” (Nor-COAST) study. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was trained to distinguish between patients who developed major NCD 3 months after the stroke and those who did not. Potential predictor factors were based on previous literature and included both vascular and neurodegenerative factors from clinical and structural magnetic resonance imaging findings. Cortical thickness was obtained via FreeSurfer segmentations, and volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and stroke lesions were semi-automatically gathered using FSL BIANCA and ITK-SNAP, respectively. The predictive value of the classifier was measured, compared between classifier models and cross-validated.Results: Findings from 227 stroke survivors [age = 71.7 (11.3), males = (56.4%), stroke severity NIHSS = 3.8 (4.8)] were included. The best predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.876) was achieved by an SVM classifier with 19 features. The model with the fewest number of features that achieved statistically comparable accuracy (AUC = 0.850) was the 8-feature model. These features ranked by their weighting were; stroke lesion volume, WMH volume, left occipital and temporal cortical thickness, right cingulate cortical thickness, stroke severity (NIHSS), antiplatelet medication intake, and education.Conclusion: The rapid (&lt;3 months) development of major NCD after stroke is possible to predict with an 87.6% accuracy and seems dependent on both neurodegenerative and vascular factors, as well as aspects of the stroke itself. In contrast to previous literature, we also found that vascular changes are more important than neurodegenerative ones. Although possible to predict with relatively high accuracy, our findings indicate that the development of rapid onset post-stroke NCD may be more complex than earlier suggested.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Clinical Characteristics in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Large Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Jie , Li Zhi-Ke , Yang Xiyue , Bai Jie , Liu Lihua , Dai Tangzhi , Feng Gang , Li Qiu , Du Xiaobo 
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer is the most common cancer malignancy worldwide. With the continuous spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, it is of great significance to explore the impact of this disease on the clinical characteristics of lung cancer. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic had any influence on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of patients with lung cancer. We collected clinical and demographic data of patients who were newly diagnosed with lung cancer at our hospital between February 2019 and July 2020. Overall, 387 patients with lung cancer were divided into two groups for analysis: epidemic group (from February to July 2020) and pre-epidemic group (from February to July 2019). The source of diagnosis and clinical characteristics of the two groups were analysed. T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used for continuous variables, and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variable. We found that during the epidemic period, 110 cases of lung cancer were incidentally diagnosed during COVID-19 screening, accounting for 47.6% of all newly diagnosed lung cancer cases at our hospital. The proportions of patients who were diagnosed based on symptoms and physical examination in the epidemic group were 34.2 and 18.2%, respectively, while that in the pre-epidemic group were 41.7 and 58.3%, respectively. There was significant difference in the source of diagnosis between the two groups. In a subgroup analysis of the epidemic group, the average tumour volume of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 screening was significantly smaller than that of the patients diagnosed with symptoms and physical examination. In conclusion, the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the screening and clinical characteristics of lung cancer and require large-scale and longer-term observation.
HIIT'ing or MISS'ing the Optimal Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High- Versus Moderate-Intensity Exercise Prescription
Authors: Richards Cory T. , Meah Victoria L. , James Philip E. , Rees D. Aled , Lord Rachel N. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a metabolic disorder associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise is an effective treatment strategy to manage symptoms and reduce long-term health risk. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as a more efficient exercise mode in PCOS; however, it is not clear whether HIIT is superior to moderate intensity steady state exercise (MISS).Methods: We synthesized available data through a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of isolated HIIT and MISS exercise interventions. Our primary outcome measures were cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance, measured using V˙O2max and HOMA-IR respectively.Results: A total of 16 studies were included. Moderate-quality evidence from 16 studies identified significant improvements in V˙O2max following MISS (Δ = 1.081 ml/kg/min, p &lt; 0.001, n = 194), but not HIIT (Δ = 0.641 ml/kg/min, p = 0.128, n = 28). Neither HIIT nor MISS improved HOMA-IR [(Δ = −0.257, p = 0.374, n = 60) and (Δ = −0.341, p = 0.078, n = 159), respectively].Discussion: A significant improvement in V˙O2max was evident following MISS, but not HIIT exercise in women with PCOS. This contrasts with previous literature in healthy and clinical cohorts that report superior benefits of HIIT. Therefore, based on available moderate-quality evidence, HIIT exercise does not provide superior outcomes in V˙O2max compared with MISS, although larger high-quality interventions are needed to fully address this. Additional dietary/pharmacological interventions may be required in conjunction with exercise to improve insulin sensitivity.
Examining Working Memory Performance in Adult Psychosomatic Inpatients
Authors: Held Judith , Ramadani Laura , Vîslă Andreea , Köllner Volker , Hilpert Peter , Flückiger Christoph 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThere is cumulating evidence that working memory (WM) processing is impaired in individuals suffering from a psychosomatic and a psychological disorder. However, it is unclear how repetitive negative thinking (RNT), depressive symptoms, and patient characteristics (i.e., age and incapability to work) contribute to WM impairments. The present study examines how these factors affect WM performance in highly distressed adult psychosomatic inpatients.MethodsSeventy-six inpatients (Mage = 52.7, SD = 8.4) from a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic performed a two-block WM updating task, with accuracy and reaction time as indicators of WM functioning.ResultsMultivariate mixed effect model results show that accuracy and reaction time significantly decreased from WM Block 1 to WM Block 2. Higher levels of RNT, more severe depressive symptoms and higher age were associated with worse WM accuracy in Block 1. None of these variables were significantly associated with WM reaction time (in Block 1).ConclusionFrom a clinical perspective, the results suggest that screening for the presence of high RNT levels, severe depressive symptoms or higher age may help to identify patients with impaired WM functioning and to intervene on these important patient characteristics early in the rehabilitation process.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Jiahui , Hao Yanhua , Wu Ke , Jiao Mingli , Liang Libo , Gao Lijun , Ning Ning , Kang Zheng , Shan Linghan , He Wenfeng , Wang Yongchen , Wu Qunhong , Yin Wenqiang 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesThe sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) plunged healthcare workers (HCWs) into warfare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and the factors associated with it among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCWs fighting against the COVID-19 in Wuhan, Harbin, and Shenzhen during the period from February 18 to March 4. Finally, HCWs were recruited using cluster sampling, 1,163 HCWs were included in the final analysis. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI scale).ResultsOf the participants, 48.6% suffered from burnout, and 21.8% showed a high degree of burnout. Doctors (b = 3.954, P = 0.011) and nurses (b = 3.067, P = 0.042) showed higher emotional exhaustion (EE) than administrators. Participants who worked continuously for more than 8 h a day (b = 3.392, P = 0.000), those who were unable to eat three regular daily meals (b = 2.225, P = 0.008), whose daily water intake was no more than 800 ml (b = 3.007, P = 0.000), who slept for no more than 6 h (b = 1.609, P = 0.036), and who were infected or had colleagues who were infected with COVID-19 (b = 4.182, P = 0.000) experienced much higher levels of EE, while those who could adhere to infection control procedures (b = −5.992, P = 0.000), who were satisfied with their hospital’s infection control measures(b = −3.709, P = 0.001), and who could receive sufficient psychological crisis intervention (b = −1.588, P = 0.039) reported lower levels of EE.ConclusionThe study reveals that burnout is prevalent among frontline HCWs and that the known factors associated with burnout, such as workload, and the factors directly associated with COVID-19, such as having insufficient protection, can affect burnout symptoms in frontline HCWs. Synergized and comprehensive interventions should be targeted at reducing its occurrence among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.
Utilizing Instagram Data to Identify Usage Patterns Associated With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hänsel Katrin , Lin Inna Wanyin , Sobolev Michael , Muscat Whitney , Yum-Chan Sabrina , De Choudhury Munmun , Kane John M. , Birnbaum Michael L. 
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives:Prior research has successfully identified linguistic and behavioral patterns associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) from user generated social media activity. Few studies, however, have explored the potential for image analysis to inform psychiatric care for individuals with SSD. Given the popularity of image-based platforms, such as Instagram, investigating user generated image data could further strengthen associations between social media activity and behavioral health.Methods:We collected 11,947 Instagram posts across 68 participants (mean age = 23.6; 59% male) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD;n= 34) and healthy volunteers (HV;n= 34). We extracted image features including color composition, aspect ratio, and number of faces depicted. Additionally, we considered social connections and behavioral features. We explored differences in usage patterns between SSD and HV participants.Results:Individuals with SSD posted images with lower saturation (p= 0.033) and lower colorfulness (p= 0.005) compared to HVs, as well as images showing fewer faces on average (SSD= 1.5,HV= 2.4,p&lt; 0.001). Further, individuals with SSD demonstrated a lower ratio of followers to following compared to HV participants (p= 0.025).Conclusion:Differences in uploaded images and user activity on Instagram were identified in individuals with SSD. These differences highlight potential digital biomarkers of SSD from Instagram data.
“This Is Something That Changed My Life”: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences in a Clinical Trial of Ketamine Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Mollaahmetoglu O. Merve , Keeler Johanna , Ashbullby Katherine J. , Ketzitzidou-Argyri Eirini , Grabski Meryem , Morgan Celia J. A. 
Published: August 2021

Background: The therapeutic benefits of ketamine have been demonstrated for a variety of psychiatric disorders. However, the role of ketamine induced psychoactive experiences in mediating the therapeutic effects is unclear. Despite the growing quantitative research on the efficacy of ketamine treatment, very few studies examined participant experiences of ketamine infusions in a treatment setting.Aims: The current study aimed to examine participant experiences of ketamine infusions and how these relate to therapeutic mechanisms in a clinical trial setting.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 participants who received up to three ketamine infusions (0.8 mg/kg) as part of a Phase II double blind, randomised controlled trial. The interviews explored participants' acute experiences of ketamine infusions, experiences of psychotherapy/education, and the lasting effects of the trial. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: Six key themes were identified. (1) Participants reported multifaceted motivations for trial participation. (2) The set and setting was found to be influential in determining acute ketamine experiences. The acute ketamine experiences included: (3) the inherent contradictions of the experience (e.g., dissociation vs feelings of connection), (4) rapidly fluctuating and changing experiences, (5) meaningful, mystical and spiritual experiences. Finally, the final theme (6) relates to the transformational effects of the infusions and the trial.Conclusion: Provided in a supportive and professional environment, ketamine treatment led to a significant change in relationship with alcohol. Ketamine induced ego dissolution and dissociation were reported to be related to the transformational effects on relationship with alcohol. The extent to which the acute psychoactive effects of ketamine mediate therapeutic effects on drinking outcomes remain to be investigated in the trial data. The acute effects of ketamine reported by our participants transcend its traditional conceptualisation as a “dissociative anaesthetic”; therefore, we suggest the development or use of new measures alongside ketamine infusions to fully capture the spectrum of these effects which may be crucial in its therapeutic and transformative effects.