bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational methods for the investigation of ski boots ergonomics
Authors: Fontanella Chiara Giulia , Arduino Alessandro , Toniolo Ilaria , Zampieri Claudio , Bortolan Lorenzo , Carniel Emanuele Luigi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSki boots are known to cause vasoconstriction in the wearer’s lower limbs and, thus, cause a “cold leg” phenomenon. To address this problem, this work provides a computational framework for analysing interactions between the ski boot and the lower limb. The geometry of the lower limb was derived from magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography techniques and anthropometric data. The geometry of the ski boot shell was obtained by means of three-dimensional computer aided design models from a manufacturer. Concerning the ski boot liner, laser scanning techniques were implemented to capture the geometry of each layer. The mechanical models of the ski boot and the lower limb were identified and validated by means of coupled experimental investigations and computational analyses. The computational models were exploited to simulate the buckling process and to investigate interaction phenomena between the boot and the lower limb. Similarly, experimental activities were performed to further analyse the buckling phenomena. The obtained computational and experimental results were compared regarding both interaction pressure and displacements between the buckle and the corresponding buckle hooks. These comparisons provided reasonable agreement (mean value of discrepancy between the model and mean experimental results in the tibial region: 20%), underlining the model’s capability to correctly interpret results from experimental measurements. Results identified the critical areas of the leg, such as the tibial region, the calcaneal region of the foot and the anterior sole, which may suffer the most due to the hydrostatic pressure and compressive strain exerted on them. The results highlight that computational methods allow investigation of the interaction phenomena between the lower leg and ski boot, potentially providing an effective framework for a more comfortable and ergonomic design of ski boots.
Effects of temperature and soil fauna on the reduction and leaching of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone from Fusarium graminearum-infected maize stubbles
Authors: Meyer-Wolfarth Friederike , Oldenburg Elisabeth , Meiners Torsten , Muñoz Katherine , Schrader Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA microcosm study was conducted at two different temperatures under laboratory conditions to investigate the regulatory capacity and the interactive performance of two soil fauna species (Aporrectodea caliginosa, earthworms, andProisotoma minuta, collembolans) on the reduction ofFusariumtoxins in contaminated maize stubbles. Single and mixed species treatments were exposed to artificially infected maize stubbles highly contaminated with the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) (10,462 µg kg−1) and zearalenone (ZEN) (2,780 µg kg−1) at 17 °C and 25 °C for time periods of 3 and 6 weeks. Immediately after the respective end of incubation, the microcosms were heavily watered to determine the leaching potential of DON and ZEN from contaminated maize stubbles. Maize residues, soil, and eluted water (percolate) samples were analysed for mycotoxin content using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The biomass of introduced earthworms and number of collembolans were monitored to get information about their adaptability to the experimental conditions. While the decline of ZEN was temperature-dependent, but not influenced by faunal activities, a reduction of DON due to faunal impact was observed by trend. In the leaching experiment, 67–82% of the DON content in the residual maize stubbles leached from the plant material by irrigation and was detected in the soil (1.9–3.4 µg kg−1) and in the percolate (12–295 µg L−1). In the case of ZEN, 27–50% of the mycotoxin leached from the residual maize stubbles due to watering but was only occasionally detected in traces in the soil and not found in the percolate. The results clearly reveal a leaching potential of both DON and ZEN, respectively, but a mobilisation with water was only observed for DON. Temperature confirmed to be a key factor, affecting the fate of the mycotoxins in the soil by driving the interaction between different soil fauna members as well as functional and trophic levels within the soil food web.
Assessment of heavy metal and physico-chemical pollution loadings of River Benue water at Makurdi using water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistics
Authors: Iwar Raphael Terungwa , Utsev Joseph Terlumun , Hassan Martina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, the quality of River Benue water at Makurdi was assessed for its heavy metal load alongside seven other physico-chemical parameters using water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical tools. A total of 45 samples from three (3) different points along the River course were collected for five months (October 2018–May, 2019) spanning the dry and wet seasons. Samples were analysed in accordance with standard methods. Most of the parameters evaluated were found to fall in the allowable limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) among others, except for colour, turbidity, total suspended solids, nickel, lead and cadmium. WQI analysis using the BISWQI, OWQI and CCMEWQI indicated that all indexing methods were suitable for estimating the WQI of River Benue as they all showed that the water corresponded to the classification as “poor water”. Heavy metal index of the river ranged from13.40–6080.00 and from 47.07–7240.00 for the dry and wet seasons, respectively, and was majorly influenced by high cadmium and lead pollution levels. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed three rotated factor with respective communality levels for both the dry and wet seasons. Factor 1 was positively loaded with nine parameters which accounted for 32.3% of the total variance during the dry season, while it was positively loaded with 10 parameters in the wet season accounting for 25.9% of total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the river was zoned into four clusters each for both dry and wet seasons. Sampling points 2 and 3 were the most polluted during the dry season, while sampling point 1 was found to be the most polluted in the wet season. It was concluded that the increasing and diverse nature of anthropogenic activities on the river course was responsible for the deteriorating quality of the water. The study recommended continuous pollution monitoring and local regulations to reduce the entrance of both diffuse and point source pollution into the river.
Effects of salinity on solid particle settling velocity in non-Newtonian Herschel–Bulkley fluids
Authors: Moukhametov Robert , Srivastava Anurag , Akhter Syeda , Bautista Jerahmeel , Ferroudji Hicham , Hadear Hassan , Hassan Ibrahim , Rahman Mohammad Azizur 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSettling velocity or depositional velocity is considered a key parameter to account for in the drilling technology of oil and gas wells as well as hydrocarbon processing since an accurate estimation of this parameter allows the transport of cuttings efficiently, avoids non-productive time, and helps avoid costly problems. Understanding the settling velocity in fluid with high salinity will help for the better separation of oil and natural gas streams in processing facilities. Although a great amount of effort was given to rheology and settling velocity measurements for power-law fluid and Bingham fluids, there are limited studies available in the literature for Herschel–Bulkley (H–B) fluid with salinity. The present study analyzes the fluid rheology of non-Newtonian fluids with, and without, salinity. Moreover, experiments have been conducted to measure the settling velocity of different diameters of solid particles through Herschel–Bulkley fluids with various salinity conditions. For the rheology analysis, it is found that higher weight percentages of NaCl lead to low values of shear stresses. As well, higher weight percentages of CaCl2 concentration result in a slight increase in shear stresses per a given shear rate. On the other hand, higher percentages of salt concentration cause an increase in the terminal velocity.
Retracing Realistic Disaster Scenarios from Archival Sources: A Key Tool for Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Alam Akhtar , Bhat M. Sultan , Bhat Khurshid Ahmad , Haq Jeelani Inaam ul , Ahmad Hakim Farooq , Qadir Junaid 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDisaster scenarios are constructed by integrating natural hazard phenomena and social science sources of information. We profiled 51 natural hazard events of nineteenth century Kashmir that provide insights into the impacts of varying degree of severity that spread through the socioeconomic and political systems, influenced adaptation, and increased the consequences of the resulting disasters. The root cause of these disasters was embedded in the social, natural, and political economic systems of their time, where vulnerabilities overlapped and interacted periodically with successive colonial regimes and acted as tipping points. The combined effect of successive colonial regimes, inept administration, rigid political economy, and natural hazards made the situation go from bad to worse and reduced Kashmir to the depths of distress and subjugation. Over the arc of the nineteenth century, a series of disasters led the Kashmiri population to learn how to live with disasters and minimize risk, bringing about the evolution of social and environmental knowledge. Understanding the natural hazard vulnerability of the Kashmir Valley through archival narratives can help in scenario building to translate findings into formats that reduce related risk now as it did then. The resulting information can be useful for regional design, planning, and policy responses to promote disaster risk reduction.
Integrated facility location and capacity planning under uncertainty
Authors: Correia Isabel , Melo Teresa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe address a multi-period facility location problem with two customer segments having distinct service requirements. While customers in one segment receive preferred service, customers in the other segment accept delayed deliveries as long as lateness does not exceed a pre-specified threshold. The objective is to define a schedule for facility deployment and capacity scalability that satisfies all customer demands at minimum cost. Facilities can have their capacities adjusted over the planning horizon through incrementally increasing or reducing the number of modular units they hold. These two features, capacity expansion and capacity contraction, can help substantially improve the flexibility in responding to demand changes. Future customer demands are assumed to be unknown. We propose two different frameworks for planning capacity decisions and present a two-stage stochastic model for each one of them. While in the first model decisions related to capacity scalability are modeled as first-stage decisions, in the second model, capacity adjustments are deferred to the second stage. We develop the extensive forms of the associated stochastic programs for the case of demand uncertainty being captured by a finite set of scenarios. Additional inequalities are proposed to enhance the original formulations. An extensive computational study with randomly generated instances shows that the proposed enhancements are very useful. Specifically, 97.5% of the instances can be solved to optimality in much shorter computing times. Important insights are also provided into the impact of the two different frameworks for planning capacity adjustments on the facility network configuration and its total cost.
Tissue Engineering Strategies for Improving Beta Cell Transplantation Outcome
Authors: Abadpour Shadab , Wang Chencheng , Niemi Essi M. , Scholz Hanne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Beta cell replacement therapy as a form of islet transplantation is a promising alternative therapy with the possibility to make selected patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin independent. However, this technique faces challenges such as extensive activation of the host immune system post-transplantation, lifelong need for immunosuppression, and the scarcity of islet donor pancreas. Advancement in tissue engineering strategies can improve these challenges and allow for a more widespread application of this therapy. This review will discuss the recent development and clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies in beta cell replacement therapy.

Recent Findings
Tissue engineering offers innovative solutions for producing unlimited glucose responsive cells and fabrication of appropriate devices/scaffolds for transplantation applications. Generation of pancreatic organoids with supporting cells in biocompatible biomaterials is a powerful technique to improve the function of insulin-producing cell clusters. Fabrication of physical barriers such as encapsulation strategies can protect the cells from the host immune system and allow for graft retrieval, although this strategy still faces major challenges to fully restore physiological glucose regulation.

Summary
The three main components of tissue engineering strategies including the generation of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells and organoids and the possibilities for therapeutic delivery of cell-seeded devices to extra-hepatic sites need to come together in order to provide safe and functional insulin-producing devices for clinical beta cell replacement therapy.
Functional gastrointestinal symptoms and increased risk for orthorexia nervosa
Authors: Gajdos Panna , Román Nóra , Tóth-Király István , Rigó Adrien 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Recent guidelines point out the possible risk for orthorexia nervosa in functional gastrointestinal disorders, however, to date, no study has investigated this association. The present study aimed to explore the potential relationship between irritable bowel syndrome-related functional gastrointestinal symptoms and certain maladaptive eating behaviours, such as symptoms of orthorexia nervosa and emotional eating.

Methods
A sample of 644 Hungarian volunteers (Mage = 22.37; SDage = 3.95) completed a survey with the following questionnaires: the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (R4DQ) for adults—Irritable bowel syndrome module for the measurement of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, the Hungarian version of the ORTO-15 questionnaire (ORTO-11-Hu) to assess symptoms of orthorexia nervosa, the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Emotional Eating subscale to measure symptoms of emotional eating and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) for the assessment of health anxiety. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to explore the associations between the measured variables, and structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed mediation models.

Results
Functional gastrointestinal symptoms were positively related to symptoms of orthorexia nervosa and emotional eating. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal symptoms and symptoms of orthorexia nervosa was partially mediated by health anxiety, while the association between functional gastrointestinal symptoms and symptoms of emotional eating was partially mediated by symptoms of orthorexia nervosa.

Conclusion
Our findings highlight the possible risk for developing orthorexic symptoms in functional gastrointestinal symptoms, which could lead to other types of disordered eating patterns, such as emotional eating. The results also underscore the potential role of health anxiety in these relationships.

Level of evidence
Level V (descriptive cross-sectional study).
Stressinduzierte vegetative Antwortreaktion des ärztlichen Personals bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Böckelmann Irina , Pohl Robert , Awad George , Darius Sabine , Wippermann Jens , Thielmann Beatrice , Scherner Maximilian 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chirurgen erleben in ihrem Arbeitsalltag eine hohe psychische Belastung. Die Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) ist als vegetativer Beanspruchungsparameter zur Erfassung von psychischen Belastungen etabliert. Eine geringe HRV ist ein Indikator für hohen Stress.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Querschnittsstudie war es, die Aktivierung des autonomen Nervensystems als stressinduzierte Antwortreaktion und das Stressniveau bei chirurgisch tätigen Ärzten verschiedener Qualifikationsstufen während ihrer Tätigkeit anhand der HRV zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde die HRV aus 31 EKG-Aufnahmen von 5 freiwilligen, klinisch gesunden männlichen Herzchirurgen während 25 aortokoronarer Bypassoperationen (ACB-OP) und der Stationsarbeit analysiert. Als Einschlusskriterium galt die Tätigkeit als Assistenzarzt bzw. Oberarzt, die berechtigt sind, herzchirurgische Eingriffe durchzuführen. Relevante Medikamente und Vorerkrankungen, die den Herzrhythmus beeinflussen und die Häufigkeit von Extrasystolen im EKG (> 1 % ) waren Ausschlusskriterien. Die Tätigkeit während der Operation und Nicht-Operationsphase wurde schriftlich dokumentiert. Bei der statistischen Auswertung kamen der Mann-Whitney-U-Test und das Allgemeine Lineare Modell mit der Anpassung nach Bonferroni unter Berücksichtigung der ärztlichen Funktion und der Art der Tätigkeit während der Operation als Kovariaten zur Anwendung.

Ergebnisse
Eine reduzierte HRV während der ACVB-OP fand sich bei den zeitbezogenen Parametern RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) und pNN50 (Prozentsatz der NN-Intervalle mit mindestens 50 ms Abweichung vom vorausgehenden NN-Intervall), dem frequenzbezogenen Parameter LF (Low Frequency) power sowie dem nichtlinearen Kurzzeitvariabilitätsparameter SD1 (Standard Deviation oder die Breite der Punktwolke) für Assistenzärzte im Vergleich zu den Oberärzten. 50,8 % der Arbeitszeit war im OP für die Assistenzärzte als hohe Stresssituation gekennzeichnet (Oberärzte: 11,7 %; p = 0,015). Die Beanspruchungsreaktion bei der Stationsarbeit zeigte sich als deutlich geringer ausgeprägt, wobei diese in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar war.

Diskussion
Es zeigt sich eine höhere stressinduzierte Antwortreaktion während der ACB-OP bei Assistenzärzten im Vergleich zu Oberärzten. Es sollten frühzeitig präventive und gesundheitsfördernde Maßnahmen bei hoher arbeitsbezogener Stressbelastung bei chirurgisch tätigen Ärzten insbesondere in der Facharzt-Weiterbildungsphase eingeleitet werden.
Study and performance test of 10 kW molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system
Authors: Lu Chengzhuang , Zhang Ruiyun , Yang Guanjun , Huang Hua , Cheng Jian , Xu Shisen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe use of high-temperature fuel cells as a power technology can improve the efficiency of electricity generation and achieve near-zero emissions of carbon dioxide. This work explores the performance of a 10 kW high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell. The key materials of a single cell were characterized and analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the pore size of the key electrode material is 6.5 µm and the matrix material is α-LiAlO2. Experimentally, the open circuit voltage of the single cell was found to be 1.23 V. The current density was greater than 100 mA/cm2 at an operating voltage of 0.7 V. The 10 kW fuel cell stack comprised 80 single fuel cells with a total area of 2000 cm2 and achieved an open circuit voltage of greater than 85 V. The fuel cell stack power and current density could reach 11.7 kW and 104.5 mA/cm2 at an operating voltage of 56 V. The influence and long-term stable operation of the stack were also analyzed and discussed. The successful operation of a 10 kW high-temperature fuel cell promotes the large-scale use of fuel cells and provides a research basis for future investigations of fuel cell capacity enhancement and distributed generation in China.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Analysis for Turbulent Flow in Circular Pipe with Vortex Generator
Authors: Rambhad Kishor S. , Kalbande Vednath P. , Kumbhalkar Manoj A. , Khond Vivek W. , Jibhakate Rahul A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe performance of heat transfer enhancement (HTE) using modified inserts (MIs) as a vortex generator in pipe flow and fluid flow analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are evaluated in this article. The MIs are fastened to the central rod, and the circular sections of the MIs touched the circular wall of the test pipe. Heat transfer and fluid flow analyses are carried out for the various pitch to diameter ratios (P/D) and angles of the MIs. P/D ratios of 3, 4 and 6 and MIs angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° are considered for experimental analysis. CFD analysis is carried out for P/D ratios of 3, 4 and 6 and MIs angles of 30°, 45° and 90°. Nusselt number (Nu/Nus) and friction factor (f/fs) ratios are evaluated using the same Reynolds number between 8000 and 17,000 in the experimental study. The MIs encourage the wall and core fluid to be combined thus helps in HTE. It is found that, as the P/D ratio increases, the Nu/Nus and f/fs decrease. If the distance between the MIs increases, the mixing of fluid weakens. With decreasing the P/D ratio, Nu/Nus increases. Increased fluid mixing leads to a higher coefficient of heat transfer and higher values of pressure drop. A P/D ratio of 4 and MIs angle of 45° results in greater heat interaction than others. Finally, recommendations for the best P/D ratio and angles of MIs are made for improved HTE on fluid flow through a circular pipe.Article HighlightsModified inserts (MIs) are used inside the test pipe to check the heat transfer enhancement at various angles. Also, compared the performance with and without MIs.Fluid flow analysis is checked by CFD (Fluent) in Ansys software.Fluid flow patterns for various MIs angles and P/D ratios are compared.
Sustainable urban transportation development in China: A behavioral perspective
Authors: Ling Shuai , Ma Shoufeng , Jia Ning 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of economics requires highly efficient and environment-friendly urban transportation systems. Such requirement presents challenges in sustainable urban transportation. The analysis and understanding of transportation-related behaviors provide one approach to dealing with complicated transportation activities. In this study, the management of traffic systems is divided into four levels with a structural and systematic perspective. Then, several special cases from the perspective of behavior, including purchasing behaviors toward new energy vehicles, choice behaviors toward green travel, and behavioral reactions toward transportation demand management policies, are investigated. Several management suggestions are proposed for transportation authorities to improve sustainable traffic management.