bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular and metabolic alterations in retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease
Authors: Della Volpe Waizel Maria , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of our study was to evaluate retinal microvascular changes recorded with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the metabolic function measured with retinal oximetry (RO) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Stargardt disease (STGD).MethodsIn this prospective, noninterventional study, OCTA and RO were performed on 107 eyes (56 subjects): 53 eyes diagnosed with RP without the presence of macular oedema (no‐ME‐RP), 26 eyes with STGD, and 28 control eyes. Main outcome measures were the mean superficial (FAZ‐S; mm2) and deep foveal avascular zone (FAZ‐D; mm2) measured with OCTA as well as the mean arterial (A‐SO2; %), venular (V‐SO2; %) oxygen saturation, their difference (A‐V SO2; %) and the corresponding mean diameters of the peripapillary retinal arterioles (D‐A; μm) and venules (D‐V; μm) determined with RO.ResultsStargardt disease (STGD) patients differed from controls and no‐ME‐RP by an enlarged FAZ‐S and reduced A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 (p ≤ 0.013). No‐ME‐RP eyes presented with attenuated vessels (p < 0.001) and increased A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 (p ≤ 0.012) compared to controls and STGD. The FAZ‐D showed significant interactions with A‐SO2 (p = 0.003) in no‐ME‐RP while the FAZ‐S correlated with visual acuity in no‐ME‐RP (p = 0.007) and STGD (p = 0.034).ConclusionRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Stargardt disease (STGD) patients suffer from microvascular and metabolic alterations, however, showing a different pattern. A combined microvascular‐metabolic model may therefore allow to more precisely characterize RP and STGD as well as presumably other inherited retinal diseases.
Three‐year effectiveness and safety of the XEN gel stent as a solo procedure or in combination with phacoemulsification in open‐angle glaucoma: a multicentre study
Authors: Reitsamer Herbert , Vera Vanessa , Ruben Simon , Au Leon , Vila‐Arteaga Jorge , Teus Miguel , Lenzhofer Markus , Shirlaw Andrew , Bai Zhanying , Balaram Mini , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the 3‐year effectiveness and safety of the XEN gel stent implanted ab interno in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsThis study was a multicentre, retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with OAG who underwent ab‐interno gel stent placement alone or combined with phacoemulsification between 1 January 2014 and 1 October 2015. Outcome measures included mean changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP‐lowering medication count from medicated baseline at 1, 2, 3 (primary outcome) and 4 years (if available) postimplantation. Intraoperative complications, adverse events of special interest (AESIs) and secondary surgical interventions (SSIs) were recorded.ResultsThe safety and effectiveness populations included 212 eyes (primary and secondary) and 174 eyes (primary), respectively. Mean IOP and medication decreased from 20.7 mmHg and 2.5 at baseline (n = 163 primary/first implanted eyes) to 13.9 mmHg and 1.1 medications (n = 76) at 3 years postimplantation, respectively. Mean changes from baseline in IOP (−5.6, −6.2 and −6.6 mmHg) and IOP‐lowering medication count (−1.8, −1.6 and −1.4) were statistically significant at 1, 2 and 3 years postimplantation, respectively. Results appeared comparable when implantation was performed with (n = 76) or without (n = 98) phacoemulsification. In primary eyes with 4‐year IOP and medication count data (n = 27), mean IOP was 14.0 mmHg on 1.3 medications at 4 years postimplantation. Fifteen (7.1%) eyes had intraoperative complications, 31 (14.6%) experienced 46 postoperative AESIs, and 26 (12.3%) required SSI.ConclusionThe gel stent effectively lowered IOP and IOP‐lowering medication count over 3 years, with a predictable and acceptable safety profile, when implanted via the traditional ab‐interno technique.
Routine CT evaluation of central vascular ligation in patients undergoing complete mesocolic excision for sigmoid colon cancer
Authors: Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Gögenur Mikail , Dencker Ditte , Bjørn Bennedsen Astrid Louise , Levin Pedersen Dorte , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimObjective and reproducible quality measures of complete mesocolic excision (CME) for colon cancer are not currently available. This study aimed to measure the inferior mesenteric stump length following CME for sigmoid colon cancer and explore surgical, pathological and oncological outcomes in patients with a stump length of <10 mm vs. ≥10 mm.MethodThis was a single‐centre, retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for sigmoid colon cancer between May 2013 and May 2015. Follow‐up CT scans were reviewed, and a vascular stump cut‐off of <10 mm for adequate central ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery was applied. Differences in perioperative, histopathological and oncological outcome parameters (overall, disease‐free and recurrence‐free survival) were explored between <10 mm vs. ≥10 mm groups.ResultsA total of 127 patients (43% female) with a median age of 68 years were included. The median follow‐up time was 68 months. CT measurements showed good interrater agreement (90% absolute agreement) and reliability among raters (kappa = 0.77, 95% CI 0.53–1.00, p < 0.001). A stump length ≥10 mm was associated with longer operating time (150 vs. 180 min, p = 0.021), intramesocolic resection (p = 0.008), and a shorter distance from the bowel wall to vascular tie (120 vs. 102 mm, p = 0.005).ConclusionAn arterial stump length ≥10 mm in sigmoid resection for colon cancer was associated with key clinical quality measures. Measurement of arterial stump length using routine follow‐up CT may serve as a quality indicator of vascular ligation in CME surgery.
Hypertrophic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischaemia‐Reperfusion Injury by Modulating SIRT3‐SOD2‐mROS‐Dependent Autophagy
Authors: Ma Lei‐Lei , Kong Fei‐Juan , Dong Zheng , Xin Kai‐Yue , Wang Xing‐Xu , Sun Ai‐Jun , Zou Yun‐Zeng , Ge Jun‐Bo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIschaemic preconditioning elicited by brief periods of coronary occlusion and reperfusion protects the heart from a subsequent prolonged ischaemic insult. Here, we test the hypothesis that short‐term non‐ischaemic stimulation of hypertrophy renders the heart resistant to subsequent ischaemic injury.Methods and ResultsTransient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed for 3 days in mice and then withdrawn for 4 days by aortic debanding, followed by subsequent exposure to myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Following I/R injury, myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were significantly decreased, and cardiac dysfunction was markedly improved in the TAC preconditioning group compared with the control group. Mechanistically, TAC preconditioning markedly suppressed I/R‐induced autophagy and preserved autophagic flux by deacetylating SOD2 via a SIRT3‐dependent mechanism. Moreover, treatment with an adenovirus encoding SIRT3 partially mimicked the effects of hypertrophic preconditioning, whereas genetic ablation of SIRT3 in mice blocked the cardioprotective effects of hypertrophic preconditioning. Furthermore, in vivo lentiviral‐mediated knockdown of Beclin 1 in the myocardium ameliorated the I/R‐induced impairment of autophagic flux and was associated with a reduction in cell death, whereas treatment with a lentivirus encoding Beclin 1 abolished the cardioprotective effect of TAC preconditioning.ConclusionsThe present study identifies TAC preconditioning as a novel strategy for induction of an endogenous self‐defensive and cardioprotective mechanism against cardiac injury. Specifically, TAC preconditioning reduced myocardial autophagic cell death in a SIRT3/SOD2 pathway‐dependent manner.
A checklist for using Beals’ index with incomplete floristic monitoring data
Authors: Bruelheide Helge , Jansen Florian , Jandt Ute , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Bonn Aletta , Bowler Diana , Dengler Jürgen , Eichenberg David , Grescho Volker , Kellner Simon , Klenke Reinhard A. , Lütt Silke , Lüttgert Lina , Sabatini Francesco Maria , Wesche Karsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChristensen et al. criticized the application of Beals’ index of sociological favourability to adjust for incomplete species lists when comparing repeated surveys. Their main argument was that using Beals’ conditional occurrence probabilities would systematically underestimate biodiversity change compared to using observed frequencies. Although this might be the case for rare species, as we explicitly stated in our original publication, we here use a worked‐out example to show that this criticism is unjustified for species that are sufficiently represented in the reference data set. In our opinion, the misconception derives from ignoring one of the key requirements for applying Beal's index, which is the use of a sufficiently large reference data set to derive a reliable co‐occurrence matrix. We here show how the predicted probability for the occurrence of a species depends on the size of the reference data set and give recommendations on the premises for applying Beals’ approach for monitoring purposes.
Intensive induction regimens after deferring initial therapy for mantle cell lymphoma are not associated with improved survival
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Krithika , Goyal Subir , Switchenko Jeffery , Calzada Oscar , Churnetski Michael C. , Kolla Bhaskar , Bachanova Veronika , Gerson James N. , Barta Stefan K. , Gordon Max J. , Danilov Alexey V. , Grover Natalie S. , Mathews Stephanie , Burkart Madelyn , Karmali Reem , Sawalha Yazeed , Hill Brian T. , Ghosh Nilanjan , Park Steven I. , Epperla Narendranath , Bond David A. , Badar Talha , Blum Kristie A. , Hamadani Mehdi , Fenske Timothy S. , Malecek Mary , Kahl Brad S. , Martin Peter , Guo Jin , Flowers Christopher R. , Cohen Jonathon B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhile most patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) receive therapy shortly after diagnosis, a subset of patients with indolent‐behaving disease can safely defer treatment. In this subgroup, we evaluated the importance of treatment intensity in patients with MCL who defer initial therapy.MethodsOut of 1134 patients with MCL from 12 academic centers, we analyzed 219 patients who initiated therapy at least 90 days after diagnosis. Patients who received induction with high‐dose cytarabine and/or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in first remission were considered to have received intensive therapy (n = 88) while all other approaches were non‐intensive (n = 131).ResultsThere was no difference in progression‐free (PFS; P = .224) or overall survival (OS; P = .167) in deferred patients who received non‐intensive vs. intensive therapy. Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed for PFS and OS. Treatment at an academic center (HR 0.43, P = .015) was associated with improved OS in both univariate and multivariate models, while intensity of treatment was not associated with improved OS in either model.ConclusionsThese results indicate that intensified initial treatment is not associated with improved survival after deferring initial therapy, although prospective studies are needed to determine which of these patients with MCL may benefit from intensive therapy.
Does idiosyncratic volatility proxy for a missing risk factor? Evidence using portfolios as test assets
Authors: Gempesaw David , Kassa Haimanot , Bela Zykaj Blerina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the main explanations for the idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) puzzle (i.e., the negative relation between lagged IVOL and returns) is a missing risk factor. We show, analytically, that if IVOL proxies for a missing risk factor, then the negative relation between IVOL and returns should persist at the portfolio level. Empirically, we find that the IVOL puzzle disappears when we use well‐diversified portfolios as test assets. The IVOL puzzle also weakens after controlling for additional risk factors. Overall, our results suggest that both diversifiable (i.e., true idiosyncratic risk) and nondiversifiable risk play a role in explaining the IVOL puzzle.
Crack initiation and propagation from geometric microdefects: Experiment and transition fatigue behavior
Authors: Tang Keke , Du Zhaojun , Ferro Paolo , Berto Filippo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe present work aims to study short fatigue crack initiation and propagation induced by geometric microdefects. An empirical approach is used to evaluate the microstructural influences on crack growth behavior. Small fatigue crack test on titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V is performed to investigate the crack induced from a geometric microdefect. Analyses on crack initiation and fracture are respectively performed to study the microstructural influences on the stages of initiation and fracture. Subsequently, an empirical multiscale model is employed to predict the short fatigue crack propagation of alloys underlining the transition features. Grain size variation is adopted to reflect the main microstructural contribution to the short crack propagation. An alpha factor is defined to demonstrate the transition interim from microstructurally short crack to physically short crack stages. Furthermore, a relationship between transition factor and grain size is correlated. The results indicate that the value of transition factor tends to decrease with the augment of average grain size. The empirical approach is validated through a variety of fatigue experimental data of alloys including Ti‐6Al‐4V, 2024‐T3, and GH4169.
How can entrepreneurship be fostered? Evidence from provincial‐level panel data in China
Authors: Feng Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study based on evolutionary game theory and data on conditions in China, we determine the main factors affecting business entrepreneurship and innovation entrepreneurship. We consider internal and external perspectives regarding entrepreneurship–institutional quality and foreign direct investment (FDI). Accordingly, we find that institutional quality has a positive effect on nurturing entrepreneurship, especially business entrepreneurship, and FDI does not effectively stimulate entrepreneurship, particularly innovation entrepreneurship. With regard to spatial heterogeneity, in different regions, institutional quality and FDI have diverse effects on fostering entrepreneurship. According to the trend analysis, we find that the relationship between FDI and entrepreneurship takes an inverted‐U shape, in contrast to the relationship between most types of institutional quality and entrepreneurship. When FDI and institutional quality jointly cultivate entrepreneurship, the interaction between them is not effective. Moreover, we find that institutional quality affects entrepreneurship mostly through the channels of economic growth, the scale of the home market, and industrial upgrading. By contrast, FDI does not effectively affect these channels to further foster entrepreneurship. These conclusions not only enrich the literature on entrepreneurship but also offer insights into how entrepreneurship can be stimulated in China and the rest of the world.
Biochar and nitrogen application rates alter some forage and soil minerals concentrations and soil leachate quality in a semiarid mixed grassland system
Authors: Mclennon Everald , Solomon Juan K.Q. , Davison Jason 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn resource‐limited agroclimatic environments such as the semiarid and arid regions of the world, mineral undernourishment has been a major limitation to grazing livestock productivity. A soil amendment that has the potential to increase plant mineral uptake and reduce nutrient losses in grassland systems is biochar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and nitrogen application rates on forage tissue mineral concentrations, soil constituents and leachate quality in a semiarid environment. Treatments were the factorial combination (3 × 3) of three biochar application rates (0, 8.9 and 17.8 Mg/ha) and three N application rates (0, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications. Treatment means were considered different p ≤ .05. Forage tissue phosphorus concentration was altered by biochar rate × year interaction and a main effect of N rate. Tissue phosphorus concentration was greater at 17.8 Mg biochar/ ha rate than the 0 and 8.9 Mg/ha rates in 2019. For the N rate effect, forage tissue phosphorus concentration was greatest at 0 kg N/ha rate and lowest at 120 kg N/ha rate. The concentration of potassium in the forage was influenced by a biochar rate × N rate interaction. At 120 kg N/ha rate, tissue potassium concentration was greater at 8.9 and 17.8 Mg biochar/ ha rates than the 0 Mg biochar/ha rate. After three years of evaluation, this study demonstrated that biochar used independently or through its interaction with nitrogen fertilizer or year, had a positive influence on the forage minerals phosphorus, potassium, sodium and manganese and the tendency to also positively influenced the forage sulfur and boron concentrations.
Between vulnerability and resistance: How a woman copes with dramatic implications of COVID‐19 in Russia
Authors: Reiss Lea Katharina , Kozhevnikov Andrew , Muhr Sara Louise 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the summer of 2020, a woman in Russia not only contracted COVID‐19 herself but also lost her husband to virus‐related health complications and, later, lost her job. This article is based on interviews with her about vulnerability and ways of coping with the pandemic’s effects as the sole caregiver and breadwinner for her 4‐year‐old child. Her ways of dealing with this chain of severe, life‐changing events inspired us to analyze her case through Judith Butler’s feminist lens of vulnerability, conceptualized as the very source of resistance. The results of the analysis illustrate vulnerability and emergent modes of resistance as gendered responsibilities of giving and receiving care, as well as the power of solidarity. Furthermore, the study shows how the political, social, and economic context of Russia shapes gendered experiences of vulnerability and possibilities for resistance.
Patient perspectives on the need for implanted device information: Implications for a post‐procedural communication framework
Authors: Wilson Natalia A. , Reich Amanda J. , Graham Jove , Bhatt Deepak L. , Nguyen Louis L. , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundShared decision making and patient‐centred communication have become part of pre‐procedural decisions and perioperative care across medical specialties. However, gaps exist in patient communication about the implanted device received and the benefits in sharing information about their procedure and device.ObjectiveTo understand the patients' knowledge of identifying information for their implanted devices and perspectives on sharing their implanted device information.MethodsFour focus groups were conducted with patients who had received a cardiac or vascular implanted device from one of the study sites within the previous 6 months. Data were transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsFive themes emerged: lack of awareness of identifying information on implanted devices; value of information on implanted devices; varying trust with sharing device information; perceived risk with sharing device information; and lack of consensus on a systematic process for tracking implanted devices.DiscussionPatients desire post‐procedural information on their implanted device and a designated plan for longitudinal follow‐up, but lack trust and perceive risk with broadly sharing their implanted device information.ConclusionAfter receiving an implanted device, post‐procedural patient communication needs to be expanded to include identifying information on the device including the unique device identifier, how long‐term tracking will be supported and the process for notification in case of a problem with the device. This communication should also include education on how sharing device information supports patients' long‐term health care, post‐market safety surveillance and research.Patient or Public ContributionThe research team included members who were also patients with implanted devices.
The risk of tooth loss in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weijdijk Lotte P. M. , Ziukaite Laura , Van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) , Bakker Eric W. P. , Slot Dagmar Else 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively and critically summarize and synthesize the risk of losing teeth among with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those without DM, as established in observational studies.Materials and methodsMEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched through a period from their inception through October 2020 to identify eligible studies. Papers that primarily evaluate the number of teeth in DM patients compared to non‐DM individuals were included. A descriptive analysis of the selected studies was conducted, and when feasible, a meta‐analysis was performed. The quality of the studies was assessed.ResultsA total of 1087 references were generated, and screening of the papers resulted in 10 eligible publications. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that six of these studies indicate a significantly higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients. This was confirmed by the meta‐analysis risk ratio of 1.63 95% CI (1.33; 2.00, p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis illustrates that this is irrespective of the risk‐of‐bias assessment. The higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients was also higher when only DM type II patients or studies with a cross‐sectional design were considered. Patients with a poor DM control status presented a significantly increased risk of tooth loss. When the data were separated by the world continent where the study was performed, Asia and South America had numerically higher risks and a 95% CI that did not overlap with Europe and North America.ConclusionThere is moderate certainty for a small but significantly higher risk of tooth loss in DM patients as compared to those without DM.
What lies beneath? Spectrality as a focal phenomenon and a focal theory for strengthening engagement with philanthropic foundations
Authors: Jung Tobias , Orr Kevin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFoundations are frequently referred to as a donor's dead hand, as a way to exert social, political, economic and cultural influence from beyond the grave. Building on this, our paper argues for a greater focus on and consideration of the significance of the spectral in philanthropy research and practice, particularly in relation to foundations. We argue that spectrality offers a focal phenomenon in philanthropy and a focal theory for moving foundation inquiry forward. Based on our systematic review of the social sciences literature on the spectral, we identify and offer four thematic clusters to frame insights about foundations in relation to relationality and decentring, narratives and representations, ethics and politics, continuity and change. Connecting foundation scholarship with existing debates about the spectral and vice versa, our work offers a basis for reflection and future research on the part of those immersed in the foundation world, and contributes to emergent scholarship about the spectral in organization and management studies.