bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of interest in predictive testing for rheumatoid arthritis among first degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Wells Imogen , Zemedikun Dawit T , Simons Gwenda , Stack Rebecca J , Mallen Christian D , Raza Karim , Falahee Marie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
There is increasing interest in prediction and prevention of RA. It is important to understand the views of those at risk to inform the development of effective approaches. First-degree relatives (FDRs) of RA patients are at increased risk of RA. This study assessed predictors of their interest in predictive testing for RA.

Methods
Questionnaires were completed by RA patients (provided with their questionnaire by a healthcare professional) and their FDRs (provided with their questionnaire by their RA proband). FDR surveys assessed interest in taking a predictive test, demographic variables, perceived RA risk, attitudes about predictive testing, autonomy preferences, illness perceptions, avoidance coping and health anxiety. Patient surveys included demographic variables, disease impact, RA duration and treatment. Ordinal logistic regression examined the association between FDRs’ characteristics and their interest in predictive testing. Generalized estimating equations assessed associations between patient characteristics and FDRs’ interest in predictive testing.

Results
Three hundred and ninety-six FDRs responded. Paired data from the RA proband were available for 292. The proportion of FDRs interested in predictive testing was 91.3%. Information-seeking preferences, beliefs that predictive testing can increase empowerment over health and positive attitudes about risk knowledge were associated with increased interest. Beliefs that predictive testing could cause psychological harm predicted lower interest. Patient characteristics of the proband were not associated with FDRs’ interest.

Conclusions
FDRs’ interest in predictive testing for RA was high, and factors associated with interest were identified. These findings will inform the development of predictive strategies and informational resources for those at risk.
Reimagining Physician Development and Lifelong Learning: An Ecological Framework
Authors: Mazmanian Paul E. , Cervero Ronald M. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Learners and leaders in medical education recognize the remarkable growth in clinically relevant information, persistent changes in the organization of health care, and the need to develop physicians able to adapt successfully to changes in their lives and practices. The success of those physicians and of those who facilitate their learning depends on a careful understanding of the psychological, social, and biological factors that influence physician development and lifelong learning. To improve research and policy, development and learning must be explored for finer understandings of physicians in relation to other beings and to the physical and social surroundings most conducive to better learning and outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination predicts COVID-19 progression and outcomes in hospitalized patients
Authors: Padovani Alessandro , Cristillo Viviana , Tomasoni Daniela , Gipponi Stefano , Pilotto Andrea 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 vaccination might impact on clinical progression of cases with breakthrough COVID-19 disease.Objectiveto evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on disease progression in COVID-19 hospitalized patientMethods and FindingsTwo-hundred eighty-four consecutive COVID-19 hospitalized patients, including 50 vaccinated cases entered the study. Compared to unvaccinated cases, vaccinated patients were older, exhibited more comorbidities and did not differ for COVID-19 severity at admission. During hospitalisation, unvaccinated patients showed worse disease progression, including higher need of oxygen and higher risk of death compared to vaccinated patients (OR 3.3; 1.05-10.7 95% CI in the whole cohort and OR 54.8; 3.5-852 in the ventilated cases).DiscussionThese findings argue for an important reduction in severity among vaccine breakthrough infection compared to unvaccinated cases in COVID-19 disease.
Delay of TB patients in diagnosis in a conflict setting of Mogadishu, Somalia - a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sheikh Naima Said , Salad Abdulwahab M. , Gele Abdi A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe TB case detection rate in Somalia is 42%, which is much lower than the WHO target of detecting 70% of new TB cases. Understanding the factors contributing to the delay of TB patients in the diagnosis, and reducing the time between the onset of TB symptoms to diagnosis, is a prerequisite to increase the case detection rate and to ultimately bring the TB epidemic in Somalia under control. The aim of this study is to examine the duration of delay, and factors associated with the delay among patients in TB management centers in Mogadishu, Somalia.MethodsAn institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in TB management clinics providing directly observed treatments (DOTS) programs in Mogadishu. A total of 276 patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire from June-October 2018. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and different logistic regression models.ResultsApproximately 78% of study participants were male. Nearly a third (36.5%) came from a household of nine individuals or more, while 73% were unemployed. The median patient and provider delays were 50 days and one day, respectively. The median total delay was 55 days, with an inter-quartile range of 119 days. Patients who had a poor knowledge of the symptoms of TB had 3.16 times higher odds of delay over 50 days than their counterparts. Furthermore, a poor knowledge of the symptoms of TB (aOR 4.22, CI 2.13-8.40), not making one’s own decisions in seeking TB treatment (aOR 2.43, CI 1.22-4.86) and a poor understanding of the fact that TB can be treated with biomedical treatment, as opposed to traditional treatment (aOR 2.07, CI 1.02-4.16), were predictors of a patient delay over 120 days.ConclusionsThe duration in the delay of TB patients under diagnosis in Mogadishu is one of the highest reported in developing countries, exceeding two years in some patients. Training local community health workers to detect suspected TB cases, and referring the cases of prolonged cough over three weeks for TB care centers for diagnosis, is imperative to help break the transmission and reduce the infectious pool in the population of Mogadishu. This may not only increase the community awareness of TB disease, but it may also facilitate the early referral of TB patients to diagnostic and treatment care centers.
Natural Language Model for Automatic Identification of Intimate Partner Violence Reports from Twitter
Authors: Al-Garadi Mohammed Ali , Kim Sangmi , Guo Yuting , Warren Elise , Yang Yuan-Chi , Lakamana Sahithi , Sarker Abeed 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a preventable public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Approximately one in four women are estimated to be or have been victims of severe violence at some point in their lives, irrespective of their age, ethnicity, and economic status. Victims often report IPV experiences on social media, and automatic detection of such reports via machine learning may enable the proactive and targeted distribution of support and/or interventions for those in need.MethodsWe collected posts from Twitter using a list of keywords related to IPV. We manually reviewed subsets of retrieved posts, and prepared annotation guidelines to categorize tweets into IPV-report or non-IPV-report. We manually annotated a random subset of the collected tweets according to the guidelines, and used them to train and evaluate multiple supervised classification models. For the best classification strategy, we examined the model errors, bias, and trustworthiness through manual and automated content analysis.ResultsWe annotated a total of 6,348 tweets, with inter-annotator agreement (IAA) of 0.86 (Cohen’s kappa) among 1,834 double-annotated tweets. The dataset had substantial class imbalance, with only 668 (∼11%) tweets representing IPV-reports. The RoBERTa model achieved the best classification performance (accuracy: 95%; IPV-report F1-score 0.76; non-IPV-report F1-score 0.97). Content analysis of the tweets revealed that the RoBERTa model sometimes misclassified as it focused on IPV-irrelevant words or symbols during decision making. Classification outcome and word importance analyses showed that our developed model is not biased toward gender or ethnicity while making classification decisions.ConclusionOur study developed an effective NLP model to identify IPV-reporting tweets automatically and in real time. The developed model can be an essential component for providing proactive social media based intervention and support for victims. It may also be used for population-level surveillance and conducting large-scale cohort studies.
Anatomy of the first six months of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Italy
Authors: Gozzi Nicolò , Chinazzi Matteo , Davis Jessica T. , Mu Kunpeng , y Piontti Ana Pastore , Ajelli Marco , Perra Nicola , Vespignani Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe analyze the effectiveness of the first six months of vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy by using a computational epidemic model which takes into account demographic, mobility, vaccines, as well as estimates of the introduction and spreading of the more transmissible Alpha variant. We consider six sub-national regions and study the effect of vaccines in terms of number of averted deaths, infections, and reduction in the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) with respect to counterfactual scenarios with the actual non-pharmaceuticals interventions but no vaccine administration. Furthermore, we compare the effectiveness in counterfactual scenarios with different vaccines allocation strategies and vaccination rates. Our results show that, as of 2021/07/05, vaccines averted 29, 350 (IQR: [16, 454 − 42, 826]) deaths and 4, 256, 332 (IQR: [1, 675, 564 − 6, 980, 070]) infections and a new pandemic wave in the country. During the same period, they achieved a −22.2% (IQR: [−31.4%; −13.9%]) reduction in the IFR. We show that a campaign that would have strictly prioritized age groups at higher risk of dying from COVID-19, besides frontline workers, would have implied additional benefits both in terms of avoided fatalities and reduction in the IFR. Strategies targeting the most active age groups would have prevented a higher number of infections but would have been associated with more deaths. Finally, we study the effects of different vaccination intake scenarios by rescaling the number of available doses in the time period under study to those administered in other countries of reference. The modeling framework can be applied to other countries to provide a mechanistic characterization of vaccination campaigns worldwide.
Neurology in a Changing Climate: A Scoping Review
Authors: Louis Shreya , Carlson Alise , Suresh Abhilash , Rim Joshua , Mays MaryAnn , Ontaneda Daniel , Dhawan Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractImportanceAlthough the international community collectively seeks to reduce global temperature rise to less than 1.5ºC, there are already irreversible environmental changes that have occurred, and currently available evidence suggests these changes will continue to occur. As we begin to witness the effects of a warming planet on human health, it is imperative that as neurologists we anticipate the ways in which the epidemiology and incidence of neurologic disease may be affected.ObjectiveIn this review, we organize our analysis around three key themes related to climate change and neurologic health: extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations, emerging neuro-infectious diseases, and pollutant impacts. Across each of these key themes, we appraise and review recent literature relevant to neurological disease and the practice of neurology.Evidence ReviewStudies were identified using a set of relevant search terms relating to climate change and neurologic diseases in the PubMed repository for publications between 1990 and 2021. Studies were included if they pertained to human incidence or prevalence of disease, were in the English language, and were relevant to neurologic disease.FindingsWe identified a total of 136 articles, grouped into the three key themes of our study; extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations (23 studies), emerging neuro-infectious diseases (42 studies), and pollutant impacts (71 studies). Broadly, the studies included highlighted the relationships between neurologic symptom exacerbation and temperature variability, tick-borne infections and warming climates, and airborne pollutants and cerebrovascular disease incidence and severity.Conclusions and RelevanceOur work highlights three key priorities for further work; namely, neuro-infectious disease risk mitigation, an understanding of the pathophysiology of airborne pollutants on the nervous system, and research into how to improve delivery of neurologic care in the face of climate-related disruptions.Key PointsQuestionHow does climate change impact neurological disease?Findings136 articles were identified relating neurologic disease to climate change. Articles were grouped into three key themes, highlighting evidence linking neurologic disease exacerbation to temperature fluctuation, tick-borne infections with climate change, and airborne pollutants to cerebrovascular disease.MeaningA substantial body of literature suggests that neurologic disease incidence, morbidity, and mortality is directly impacted by climate change and its sequelae, but much remains to be uncovered.
A continuous indicator of food environment nutritional quality
Authors: Liu Iris C. , de la Haye Kayla , Abeliuk Andrés , Horn Abigail L. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTFood environments can profoundly impact diet and related diseases. Effective, robust measures of food environment nutritional quality are required by researchers and policymakers investigating their effects on individual dietary behavior and designing targeted public health interventions. The most commonly used indicators of food environment nutritional quality are limited to measuring the binary presence or absence of entire categories of food outlet type, such as ‘fast-food’ outlets, which can range from burger joints to salad chains. This work introduces a summarizing indicator of restaurant nutritional quality that exists along a continuum, and which can be applied at scale to make distinctions between diverse restaurants within and across categories of food outlets. Verified nutrient data for a set of over 500 chain restaurants is used as ground-truth data to validate the approach. We illustrate the use of the validated indicator to characterize food environments at the scale of an entire jurisdiction, demonstrating how making distinctions between different shades of nutritiousness can help to uncover hidden patterns of disparities in access to high nutritional quality food.CCS CONCEPTSApplied computing → Life and medical sciences.
Pan-tissue and -cancer analysis of ROR1 and ROR2 transcript variants identify novel functional significance for an alternative splice variant of ROR1
Authors: John M. , Ford C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundROR1/2 are putative druggable targets increasing in significance in translational oncology. Expression of ROR1/2 mRNA and transcript variants has not been systematically examined thus far.MethodsROR1/2 transcript variant sequences, signal peptides for cell surface localisation, and mRNA and transcript variant expression were examined in 34 transcriptomic datasets including 33 cancer types and 54 non-diseased human tissues.ResultsROR1/2 have four and eight transcript variants respectively. ROR1/2 mRNA and transcript variant expression was detected in various non-diseased tissues. Our analysis identifies predominant expression of ROR1 transcript variant ENST00000545203, which lacks a signal peptide for cell surface localisation, rather than the predicted principal variant ENST00000371079. ENST00000375708 is the predominantly expressed transcript variant of ROR2.ConclusionROR1/2 expression in healthy human tissues should be carefully considered for safety assessment of targeted therapy. Studies exploring the function and significance of the predominantly expressed ROR1 transcript variant ENST00000545203 are warranted.
Heterogeneity of circulating epithelial cells in breast cancer at single-cell resolution: identifying tumor and hybrid cells
Authors: Menyailo Maxim E. , Zainullina Viktoria R. , Tashireva Liubov A. , Zolotareva Sofia Yu. , Gerashchenko Tatiana S. , Alifanov Vladimir V. , Savelieva Olga E. , Grigoryeva Evgeniya S. , Tarabanovskaya Nataliya A. , Popova Nataliya O. , Khozyainova Anna A. , Choinzonov Evgeny L. , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda V. , Perelmuter Vladimir M. , Denisov Evgeny V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCirculating tumor cells and hybrid cells formed by the fusion of tumor cells with normal cells are leading players in metastasis and have prognostic relevance. Circulating tumor cells and hybrid cells are identified as CD45-negative and CD45-positive epithelial cells. However, such an approach is challenging because epithelial cells are observed in the blood of healthy individuals. In this study, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to profile CD45-negative and CD45-positive circulating epithelial cells (CECs) in 20 breast cancer patients and one healthy donor. DNA ploidy analysis was used to identify the tumor and hybrid cells among CD45─and CD45+CECs in patients, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis was applied to characterize aneuploid and diploid cells. Diploid cells were also annotated to generate cell-type candidates and analyzed for copy-number aberrations (CNAs) to confirm or refute their tumor origin. CD45─and CD45+CECs were found in cancer patients (25.5 (range 0-404) and median 6.5 (0-147)) and the healthy donor (8 and 11 cells) and divided into three clusters. Two CD45─CEC clusters were predominantly aneuploid (97% and 98%), but one cluster contained more diploid (59%) than aneuploid cells. CD45+CECs were mostly diploid: only clusters 1 and 2 had aneuploid cells (16% and 2%). Diploid CD45─and CD45+CECs were annotated as different immune cells and surprisingly harbored many CNAs. Cancer-associated signaling pathways were found only in aneuploid cells of CD45─CEC cluster 1 and diploid cells of CD45+CEC cluster 1. Thus, our findings suggest that CECs in breast cancer patients are a highly heterogeneous population comprising aneuploid (tumor and hybrid) and diploid (normal) cells. DNA ploidy analysis is an effective instrument for identifying tumor and hybrid cells among CD45─and CD45+CECs, respectively.
Altered reward network responses to social touch in major depression
Authors: Mielacher Clemens , Scheele Dirk , Kiebs Maximilian , Schmitt Laura , Dellert Torge , Philipsen Alexandra , Lamm Claus , Hurlemann René 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionAffective touch is highly rewarding and an integral part of social relationships. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by severe impairments in reward processing, but the neural effects of social touch in MDD are still elusive.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine whether the neural processing of social touch is impaired in MDD and to assess the impact of antidepressant therapy.MethodsBefore and after antidepressant treatment, 53 MDD patients and 41 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while receiving social touch. We compared neural responses to social touch in the reward network, behavioral ratings of touch comfort and general aversion to interpersonal touch in MDD patients to controls. Additionally, we examined the effect of treatment response on those measures.ResultsClinical symptoms decreased after treatment and 43.4% of patients were classified as responders. Patients reported higher aversion to social touch and lower comfort ratings during the fMRI paradigm than controls. Patients showed reduced responses to social touch in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and putamen than controls, both before and after treatment. Non-responders exhibited blunted response in the caudate nucleus and the insula compared to responders, again irrespective of treatment.ConclusionsThese findings confirm our hypothesis that interpersonal touch as an indicator of social reward processing is impaired in MDD. Persistent dysfunctional processing of social touch despite clinical improvements may constitute a latent risk factor for social withdrawal and isolation. New treatment approaches are necessary to specifically target social reward processing and disturbed body awareness in MDD.
High Resolution Single Cell Maps Reveals Distinct Cell Organization and Function Across Different Regions of the Human Intestine
Authors: Hickey John W. , Becker Winston R. , Nevins Stephanie A. , Horning Aaron , Perez Almudena Espin , Chiu Roxanne , Chen Derek C. , Cotter Daniel , Esplin Edward D. , Weimer Annika K. , Caraccio Chiara , Venkataraaman Vishal , Schürch Christian M. , Black Sarah , Brbić Maria , Cao Kaidi , Leskovec Jure , Zhang Zhengyan , Lin Shin , Longacre Teri , Plevitis Sylvia K. , Lin Yiing , Nolan Garry P. , Greenleaf William J. , Snyder Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe colon is a complex organ that promotes digestion, extracts nutrients, participates in immune surveillance, maintains critical symbiotic relationships with microbiota, and affects overall health. To better understand its organization, functions, and its regulation at a single cell level, we performed CODEX multiplexed imaging, as well as single nuclear RNA and open chromatin assays across eight different intestinal sites of four donors. Through systematic analyses we find cell compositions differ dramatically across regions of the intestine, demonstrate the complexity of epithelial subtypes, and find that the same cell types are organized into distinct neighborhoods and communities highlighting distinct immunological niches present in the intestine. We also map gene regulatory differences in these cells suggestive of a regulatory differentiation cascade, and associate intestinal disease heritability with specific cell types. These results describe the complexity of the cell composition, regulation, and organization for this organ, and serve as an important reference map for understanding human biology and disease.