bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty Liver Is an Independent Risk Factor for Delayed Recovery from Anesthesia
Authors: Shapses Mark , Tang Lin , Layne Austin , Beri Andrea , Rotman Yaron 
Published: July 2021

Fatty liver (FL) is associated with altered activity of hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzymes, but the clinical significance is unknown. Many anesthetic agents are metabolized in the liver. We aimed to determine whether FL impacts recovery from anesthesia as a surrogate for altered drug metabolism. This was a single‐center, retrospective, case‐control study of all adults who underwent anesthesia and concurrent abdominal imaging (n = 2,021) in a hospital setting. FL (n = 234) was identified through radiology reports. Anesthesia recovery, the primary endpoint, was defined by Aldrete’s recovery score (RS, 0‐10), assessed following postanesthesia care unit (PACU) arrival, with RS ≥8 considered discharge eligible. FL and controls were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses, adjusting for confounders. A secondary matched‐pairs analysis matched FL and controls 1:1 for confounders. Time from airway removal to discharge eligibility was compared using multivariate Cox regression. On PACU arrival, 54.1% of FL were discharge eligible compared to 61.7% of controls (P = 0.03), with lower activity scores on univariate (P = 0.03) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.03). On matched‐pairs analysis, discharge eligibility, activity, consciousness, and total RSs were lower in FL (P ≤ 0.04 for all). Median time from airway removal to discharge eligibility was 43% longer in FL (univariate, P = 0.01; multivariate hazard ratio, 1.32; P = 0.046). To further exclude confounding by obesity, we performed a sensitivity analysis limited to a body mass index <30, where FL was still associated with lower activity (P = 0.03) and total RS (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Patients with FL have delayed recovery from anesthesia, suggesting altered drug metabolism independent of metabolic risk factors.
Influence of slip condition on transient laminar flow over an infinite vertical plate with ramped temperature in the presence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation
Authors: Yanala Dharmendar Reddy , Mella Anil Kumar , Vempati Srinivasa Rao , Goud B. Shankar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn analysis was made using the numerical approach of a transient laminar slip flow over an infinite vertical plate with ramped and constant temperatures in which chemical reaction is involved and thermal radiation had to be considered. Slip conditions have caused much concern because of their broad applicability in industry and chemical engineering. By following the finite element technique, the equation of momentum together with the equations of energy and species was numerically solved. The expressions for skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also derived. The variations in fluid velocity, fluid temperature, and species concentration are displayed graphically whereas numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form for various values of the pertinent flow parameters. The findings indicate that the radiation has a noticeable impact to a minor intensity of R and is more apparent in the constant condition than in the ramped condition. Radiation and buoyancy effects produce a strong flow near the plate, which is accelerated by slip. Finally, it is shown logically and mathematically that when two buoyancies are opposite and equal in magnitude with equal solutal and thermal diffusions, the flow should be taken as stationary flow in the absence of radiation and the presence/absence of slip.
Heat transfer enhancement in oscillatory two‐phase flow of Casson and ferrofluid comprising differently shaped nanoparticles in a horizontal composite channel
Authors: Rahim Tahira , Abbas Zaheer , Abid Nomana , Hasnain Jafar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe most commonly discussed topic at the present time is the fluid flow in a channel having a porous area, as it is of practical importance for petroleum extraction, frequently isolated irrigation, coolant circulation, biofluid transportation in living organisms, and industrial cleaning systems. An investigation of heat transfer characteristics of unsteady magnetohydrodynamics oscillatory two‐immiscible fluid flow of Casson fluid (CF) and ferrofluid (FF) in a long‐infinite horizontal composite channel is performed analytically. The channel is divided into two regions. Region I is occupied by a porous region with CF, while Region II is a clear region filled with FF. The mathematical system of coupled partial differential equations is solved analytically considering the two‐term periodic and nonperiodic functions. The influences of physical parameters such as CF parameter, porosity parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction, Hartmann number, periodic frequency parameter, oscillations amplitude, and pressure on momentum as well as heat transfer are presented through graphical illustrations (two‐dimensional along with three‐dimensional) and in tabular form using the MATHEMATICA program. Four different shaped nano‐size ferroparticles are used in this study. The investigation of four different nanosized ferroparticles exhibits that the momentum transfer is higher when brick‐shaped nanosized ferroparticles are added to the base fluid, water. It is also observed that thermal performance enhances in the case of brick‐shaped nanosized ferroparticles compared to the blade, cylinder, and platelet‐shaped nanosized ferroparticles. It is observed that the dispersion of brick‐shaped nanosized ferroparticles is recommended in base fluid water for greater thermal performance through a horizontal channel.
Association of sarcopenia with incident osteoporosis: a prospective study of 168,682 UK biobank participants
Authors: Petermann‐Rocha Fanny , Ferguson Lyn D. , Gray Stuart R. , Rodríguez‐Gómez Irene , Sattar Naveed , Siebert Stefan , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Celis‐Morales Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia often co‐occurs with osteoporosis in cross‐sectional studies. However, this association has rarely been studied in prospective studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia categories—along with its individual components—and incident osteoporosis in both middle‐aged and older men and women from the UK Biobank study.MethodsA total of 168,682 participants (48.8% women, aged 37 to 70 years at baseline) were included in this prospective study. Categories of sarcopenia (pre‐sarcopenia and sarcopenia), and its individual components, were defined according to the EWGSOP2 criteria (2019). Associations with incident osteoporosis by sex were investigated using Cox‐proportional hazard models adjusted for socio‐demographic, lifestyle and health‐related factors, and morbidity count. Associations between categories of sarcopenia and incident osteoporosis were also investigated by age‐groups and subtype of osteoporosis (with and without pathological fractures).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 7.4 years, 6296 participants were diagnosed with osteoporosis. When the analyses were adjusted for a range of relevant confounding factors, pre‐sarcopenia was associated with 1.3‐times higher risk of osteoporosis in men (HR: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.03 to 1.63]) but not in women, and sarcopenia was associated with 1.66‐times increased osteoporosis risk in women (HR: 1.66 [95% CI: 1.33 to 2.08]) but not in men compared with people without sarcopenia or pre‐sarcopenia. A similar magnitude of associations was found in osteoporosis without pathological fractures but weaker for those with pathological fractures. Within the individual components, low muscle mass (HRwomen: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.22 to 1.51] and HRmen: 3.07 [95% CI: 1.68 to 5.59]), followed by slow gait speed (HRwomen: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.17 to 1.45] and HRmen: 1.70 [95% CI: 1.43 to 2.02]), were associated with a higher risk of incident osteoporosis in both sexes. Low grip strength was associated with a higher risk of incident osteoporosis in men (HR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.15 to 1.65]), but not in women. No significant interaction between the exposures and incident osteoporosis by age groups were identified.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that pre‐sarcopenic men and sarcopenic women had a higher risk of developing osteoporosis even after adjustment for a large range of potential confounders. Considering that sarcopenia could be prevented, health interventions to improve physical capability may delay or prevent the onset of osteoporosis.
Evaluation of enhanced darkfield microscopy and hyperspectral imaging for rapid screening of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoscale particles captured on filter media
Authors: Neu‐Baker Nicole M. , Dozier Alan K. , Eastlake Adrienne C. , Brenner Sara A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere we report on initial efforts to evaluate enhanced darkfield microscopy (EDFM) and light scattering Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid screening tool for the offline analysis of mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter media used to collect airborne nanoparticulate from work environments. For this study, the materials of interest were nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2; silica), chosen for their frequent use in consumer products. TiO2 and SiO2 nanoscale particles (NPs) were collected on MCE filter media and were imaged and analyzed via EDFM‐HSI. When visualized by EDFM, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs were readily apparent as bright spherical structures against a dark background. Moreover, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs were identified in hyperspectral images. EDFM‐HSI images and data were compared to scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), a NIST‐traceable technique for particle size analysis, and the current gold standard for offline analysis of filter media. As expected, STEM provided more accurate sizing and morphology data when compared to EDFM‐HSI, but is not ideal for rapid screening of the presence of NPs of interest since it is a costly, low‐throughput technique. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of EDFM‐HSI in rapidly visualizing and identifying TiO2 and SiO2 NPs on MCE filters. This screening method may prove useful in expediting time‐to‐knowledge compared to electron microscopy. Future work will expand this evaluation to other industrially relevant NPs, other filter media types, and real‐world filter samples from occupational exposure assessments.
Transitioning to telegenetics in the COVID‐19 era: Patient satisfaction with remote genetic counseling in adult neurology
Authors: Dratch Laynie , Paul Rachel A. , Baldwin Aaron , Brzozowski Morgan , Gonzalez‐Alegre Pedro , Tropea Thomas F. , Raper Anna , Bardakjian Tanya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic rapidly changed genetic counseling services across the United States. At the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), a large academic hospital in an urban setting, nearly all genetic counseling (GC) visits for adult–onset disorders within the Department of Neurology were conducted via secure videoconferencing (telegenetics) or telephone between March and December 2020. Although telemedicine services have been steadily emerging, many clinical programs, including the neurogenetics program at UPenn, had not built infrastructure or widely utilized these services prior to the pandemic. Thus, little is known about patient attitudes toward receiving clinical GC services remotely. From May 18 to October 18, 2020, all individuals seen remotely for GC in adult neurology via telephone or telegenetics were surveyed about their satisfaction with telehealth GC (N = 142), with a response rate of 42% (N = 60/142). Telephone and telegenetics services were referred to as ‘telehealth’ in the surveys to capture patient perspectives on all remote GC services, though the majority (N = 49/60) of these visits were completed via telegenetics. Surveys included the modified telehealth usability questionnaire (MTUQ), genetic counseling satisfaction scale (GCSS), and novel questions about future telehealth use. Preliminary results suggest that patients were satisfied with receiving remote GC services in adult neurology, with most participants strongly agreeing to all items about satisfaction with telehealth. Just 2% of participants preferred only in‐person visits in the future, but every participant was willing to consider using telehealth for future visits if their genetic counselor felt it was appropriate. Most participants preferred a hybrid model (73%), and some (25%) preferred only telehealth for future visits. Additionally, we found no differences in satisfaction with remote services based on visit type (initial vs. results disclosure) nor age. We conclude that remote GC is an acceptable method for the provision of services in adult neurology that is well‐received by patients.
Arterial Transit Time‐Based Multidelay Combination Strategy Improves Arterial Spin Labeling Cerebral Blood Flow Measurement Accuracy in Severe Steno‐Occlusive Diseases
Authors: Amemiya Shiori , Watanabe Yusuke , Takei Naoyuki , Ueyama Tsuyoshi , Miyawaki Satoru , Koizumi Satoshi , Kato Seiji , Takao Hidemasa , Abe Osamu , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAlthough perfusion imaging plays a key role in the management of steno‐occlusive diseases, the clinical usefulness of arterial spin labeling (ASL) is limited by technical issues.PurposeTo examine the effect of arterial transit time (ATT) prolongation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement accuracy and identify the best CBF measurement protocol for steno‐occlusive diseases.Study TypeProspective.PopulationMoyamoya (n = 10) and atherosclerotic diseases (n = 8).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0T/3DT1‐weighted and ASL.AssessmentHadamard‐encoded multidelay ASL scans with/without vessel suppression (VS) and single‐delay ASL scans with long‐label duration (LD) and long postlabeling delay (PLD), referred to as long‐label long‐delay (LLLD), were acquired. CBF measurement accuracy and its ATT dependency, measured as the correlation between the relative CBF measurement difference (ASL—single‐photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]) and ATT, were compared among 1) Combo (incorporating multidelay and LLLD data based on ATT), 2) standard (LD/PLD = 1333/2333 msec), and 3) LLLD (LD/PLD = 4000/4000 msec) protocols, using whole‐brain voxel‐wise correlation with reference standard SPECT CBF. The effect of VS on CBF measurement accuracy was also assessed.Statistical TestsPearson's correlation coefficient, repeated‐measures analysis of variance, t‐test. P< 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPearson's correlation coefficients between ASL and SPECT CBF measurements were as follows: Combo = 0.55 ± 0.09; standard = 0.52 ± 0.12; LLLD = 0.41 ± 0.10. CBF measurement was least accurate in LLLD and most accurate in Combo. VS significantly improved overall CBF measurement accuracy in the standard protocol and in moyamoya patients for the Combo. ATT dependency analysis revealed that, compared with Combo, the standard and LLLD protocols showed significantly lower and negative and significantly higher and positive correlations, respectively (standard = −0.12 ± 0.04, Combo = −0.04 ± 0.03, LLLD = 0.17 ± 0.03).Data ConclusionBy using ATT‐corrected CBF derived from LD/PLD = 1333/2333 msec as a base and by compensating underestimation in delayed regions using multidelay scans, the ATT‐based Combo strategy improves CBF measurement accuracy compared with single‐delay protocols in severe steno‐occlusive diseases.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Radiation therapy students' perceptions of peer group supervision: a pilot study
Authors: Dungey Gay M. , Bates Phoebe H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionResearch indicates radiation therapy students are at risk of burnout. Peer Group Supervision (PGS) is a tool used to help reduce stress, increase reflective practice and help manage professional issues. This pilot study aimed to investigate the third‐year New Zealand radiation therapy students' perceptions of participating in PGS.MethodsIn 2019, all 27 third‐year radiation therapy students were introduced to PGS. At the end of the year, the students were invited to fill in a 14‐item Clinical Supervision Evaluation Questionnaire (CSEQ), answer an open‐ended question and provide demographic data. The CSEQ asks participants to indicate the extent to which they agree with 14 statements related to Purpose, Process and Impact of PGS. The open‐ended question asked if there were anything else they would like to say about participating in PGS as a student. The study utilised both qualitative and quantitative methods.ResultsOf the 27 students invited, 22 responded to the questionnaire. Analysis of the CSEQ revealed that eight of the 22 students (36.4%) had a positive impression of PGS, 13 (59.1%) were neither positive nor negative, and one (4.6%) had a negative perception of PGS. The thematic data showed that the students perceived PGS to assist with stress management. They valued having scheduled time out to reflect on practice and appreciated the safety and trust established in the groups.ConclusionOverall, the radiation therapy students responded positively to PGS. The students felt safe talking about clinical issues in their groups, and they perceive PGS to positively affect their stress management, resulting in new clinical insights and increased self‐awareness. Further research is required to examine the long‐term effects of PGS on patient care and if PGS can help reduce burnout for student radiation therapists.
Safety and effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ling Yunzhi , Zhong Jiaying , Luo Jiaru 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect open human COVID‐19 vaccines randomized controlled trials, without limiting the search time and language. The research papers collected in the above‐mentioned databases were initially screened according to the title and abstract content and merged, and the repeated ones were removed. After reading the full text of the remaining research, the studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, and finally, nine studies were obtained. After extracting the statistical data of adverse events in the study, load them into Review Manager for heterogeneity analysis. Results: The incidence of adverse reactions of inactivated virus vaccines, RNA vaccines, and adenovirus vector vaccines was higher than that of placebo. Common adverse reactions included pain, swelling, and fever at the injection site. Conclusion: From the perspective of effectiveness, RNA vaccine > adenovirus vector vaccine > inactivated virus vaccine. From the perspective of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions of the three vaccines is higher than that of a placebo, and the incidence of adverse reactions of the adenovirus vector vaccine is higher.
Childhood Adversity and the Association Between Stress Sensitivity and Problematic Alcohol Use in Adults
Authors: Hall O. Trent , Phan K. Luan , Gorka Stephanie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly life adversity (ELA) increases the risk of problematic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, it is unclear why some but not all ELA‐exposed individuals develop problematic alcohol use. Research is needed to determine how this environmental risk factor interacts with underlying neurobehavioral vulnerabilities to problem alcohol use. Hypersensitivity to uncertain threats (U‐threat) has been posited as an endophenotype for AUD that might aid in the refinement of mechanistic models of problematic alcohol use. Therefore, U‐threat hypersensitivity requires examination as a possible individual difference factor that facilitates problematic alcohol use among ELA‐exposed individuals. We examined the unique and interactive effects of ELA and U‐threat reactivity on problem drinking and depressive and anxiety symptom severity. Participants (N = 131) completed a well‐validated threat‐of‐shock task, and startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded to index aversive responding. Individuals also completed self‐report measures of alcohol use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results demonstrated a positive association between ELA and higher levels of problematic alcohol use at high levels of U‐threat reactivity, β = .75, t = 3.93, p < .001. Conversely, at low levels of U‐threat reactivity, ELA exposure was negatively associated with problematic alcohol use, β = −.49, t = −2.30, p = .023. There was no significant ELA x U‐Threat reactivity interaction on anxiety or depression. U‐threat response strongly interacts with ELA exposure, affecting the direction of the association between ELA and problem drinking. U‐threat reactivity may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of problematic drinking among ELA‐exposed individuals.
Distribution of Paycheck Protection Program to otolaryngology practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhu Amy Q. , Patel Manish J. , Chiu Richard , Perez Brandon R. , Cristel Robert T. , Yu Jeffrey 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) has impacted physician practices in many ways with some ENT clinics reporting around a 50% drop in completed scheduled ENT visits during the first wave of the pandemic compared to 2019.AimsThis study surveyed first round PPP loan disbursement to otolaryngology practices in the United States in response to COVID‐19.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using publicly available data published on PPP by the SBA. Otolaryngology clinics receiving loans greater than $0.15M were filtered using the following terms: “otolaryngology”, “otolaryngologist”,“sinus”, “head and neck”, “throat”, “ENT”, and “facial plastic”. 481 ENT clinics that received loans greater than $0.15 M from the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) were identified. Loan amount, business type, geographicregion, owner race, owner gender, and the number of jobs per business were recorded for each clinic. Chi‐square analysis was performed to determine significance (P < 0.05) of each characteristic.ResultsLoan distribution was significantly different based on jobs reported (P < .001) and business type (P < .001). 100% of loans ranging from $0.15 M to $0.35 M went to micro and small practices whereas 33% of medium‐sized practices received loans greater than $1 M. Higher proportions of Subchapter corporations (60.00%) received smaller loans of $0.15 to $0.35 M than Limited Liability Companies (39.13%) and Corporations (51.69%) which generally employ more people.DiscussionLoan distribution was significantly different between businesses based on jobs reported (P < 0.001), with micro/small practices recieving smaller loans than their medium counterparts. All large businesses recived loans in in excess of $2 M. This suggests proportional distribution of loans in accordance with jobs reported.ConclusionThis study suggests PPP funding was objectively distributed to ENT clinics based on staff size.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.