bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent With Winter Water: A New Method Based on the Oxygen Isotopic Signature of Foraminifera
Authors: Lund David C. , Chase Zanna , Kohfeld Karen E. , Wilson Earle A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSouthern Ocean sea ice plays a central role in the oceanic meridional overturning circulation, transforming globally prevalent watermasses through surface buoyancy loss and gain. Buoyancy loss due to surface cooling and sea ice growth promotes the formation of bottom water that flows into the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific basins, while buoyancy gain due to sea ice melt helps transform the returning deep flow into intermediate and mode waters. Because northward expansion of Southern Ocean sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 19–23 kyr BP) may have enhanced deep ocean stratification and contributed to lower atmospheric CO2 levels, reconstructions of sea ice extent are critical to understanding the LGM climate state. Here, we present a new sea ice proxy based on the 18O/16O ratio of foraminifera (δ18Oc). In the seasonal sea ice zone, sea ice formation during austral winter creates a cold surface mixed layer that persists in the sub‐surface during spring and summer. The cold sub‐surface layer, known as winter water, sits above relatively warm deep water, creating an inverted temperature profile. The unique surface‐to‐deep temperature contrast is reflected in estimates of equilibrium δ18Oc, implying that paired analysis of planktonic and benthic foraminifera can be used to infer sea ice extent. To demonstrate the feasibility of the δ18Oc method, we present a compilation of N. pachyderma and Cibicidoides spp. results from the Atlantic sector that yields an estimate of winter sea ice extent consistent with modern observations.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals plasma metabolites predictive of ectopic fat in pancreas and liver as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: the TOFI_Asia study
Authors: Wu Zhanxuan E. , Fraser Karl , Kruger Marlena C. , Sequeira Ivana R. , Yip Wilson , Lu Louise W. , Plank Lindsay D. , Murphy Rinki , Cooper Garth J. S. , Martin Jean-Charles , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Poppitt Sally D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcess visceral obesity and ectopic organ fat is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, circulating markers for early detection of ectopic fat, particularly pancreas and liver, are lacking.MethodsLipid storage in pancreas, liver, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from 68 healthy or pre-diabetic Caucasian and Chinese women enroled in the TOFI_Asia study was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (MRI/S). Plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS). Multivariate partial least squares (PLS) regression identified metabolites predictive of VAT/SAT and ectopic fat; univariate linear regression adjusting for potential covariates identified individual metabolites associated with VAT/SAT and ectopic fat; linear regression adjusted for ethnicity identified clinical and anthropometric correlates for each fat depot.ResultsPLS identified 56, 64 and 31 metabolites which jointly predicted pancreatic fat (R2Y = 0.81, Q2 = 0.69), liver fat (RY2 = 0.8, Q2 = 0.66) and VAT/SAT ((R2Y = 0.7, Q2 = 0.62)) respectively. Among the PLS-identified metabolites, none of them remained significantly associated with pancreatic fat after adjusting for all covariates. Dihydrosphingomyelin (dhSM(d36:0)), 3 phosphatidylethanolamines, 5 diacylglycerols (DG) and 40 triacylglycerols (TG) were associated with liver fat independent of covariates. Three DGs and 12 TGs were associated with VAT/SAT independent of covariates. Notably, comparison with clinical correlates showed better predictivity of ectopic fat by these PLS-identified plasma metabolite markers.ConclusionsUntargeted metabolomics identified candidate markers of visceral and ectopic fat that improved fat level prediction over clinical markers. Several plasma metabolites were associated with level of liver fat and VAT/SAT ratio independent of age, total and visceral adiposity, whereas pancreatic fat deposition was only associated with increased sulfolithocholic acid independent of adiposity-related parameters, but not age.
Exosomes secreted from cancer-associated fibroblasts elicit anti-pyrimidine drug resistance through modulation of its transporter in malignant lymphoma
Authors: Kunou Shunsuke , Shimada Kazuyuki , Takai Mika , Sakamoto Akihiko , Aoki Tomohiro , Hikita Tomoya , Kagaya Yusuke , Iwamoto Eisuke , Sanada Masashi , Shimada Satoko , Hayakawa Fumihiko , Oneyama Chitose , Kiyoi Hitoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is deeply involved in the process of tumor growth and development. In this study, we focused on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their derived exosomes on the lymphoma microenvironment to uncover their clinical significance. CAFs were established from primary lymphoma samples, and exosomes secreted from CAFs were obtained by standard procedures. We then investigated the roles of CAFs and their derived exosomes in the survival and drug resistance of lymphoma cells. CAFs supported the survival of lymphoma cells through increased glycolysis, and the extent differed among CAFs. Exosomes were identified as a major component of the extracellular vesicles from CAFs, and they also supported the survival of lymphoma cells. The suppression of RAB27B, which is involved in the secretion of exosomes, using a specific siRNA resulted in reduced exosome secretion and decreased survival of lymphoma cells. Moreover, anti-pyrimidine drug resistance was induced in the presence of exosomes through the suppression of the pyrimidine transporter, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2), and the suppression of ENT2 was significant in in vivo experiments and clinical samples. RNA sequencing analysis of miRNAs in exosomes identified miR-4717-5p as one of the most abundant miRNAs in the exosome, which suppressed the expression of ENT2 and induced anti-pyrimidine drug resistance in vitro. Our results suggest that exosomes including miR-4717-5p secreted from CAFs play a pivotal role in the lymphoma microenvironment, indicating that they are a promising therapeutic target.
LncRNA ZNF674-AS1 regulates granulosa cell glycolysis and proliferation by interacting with ALDOA
Authors: Li Duan , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Guangyu , Dang Yujie , Zhao Shidou , Qin Yingying 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGranulosa cell (GC) is a critical somatic component of ovarian follicles to support oocyte development, while the regulatory role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in GCs is largely unknown. Here, we identified a down-regulated lncRNA ZNF674-AS1 in GCs from patients with biochemical premature ovarian insufficiency (bPOI), and its expression correlates with serum levels of clinical ovarian reserve indicators. Functional experiments showed that ZNF674-AS1 is induced by energy stress, and regulates the proliferation and glycolysis of GCs, which possibly leads to follicular dysfunction. Mechanistically, low-expressed ZNF674-AS1 reduced the enzymatic activity of aldolase A (ALDOA), concomitant with promoting the association between ALDOA and v-ATPase to activate the lysosome localized AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These findings identified a new lncRNA–ALDOA complex through which ZNF674-AS1 exerts its functions, expanding the understanding of epigenetic regulation of GCs function and POI pathogenesis.
Involvement of cancer-derived EMT cells in the accumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the hypoxic cancer microenvironment
Authors: Sugita Sachi , Yamato Masanori , Hatabu Toshimitsu , Kataoka Yosky 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA high rate of glycolysis, one of the most common features of cancer, is used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to visualize tumor tissues using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). Heterogeneous intratumoral distribution of 18F-FDG in tissues has been established in some types of cancer, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) has been correlated with poor prognosis. However, the phenotype of cells that show high 18F-FDG accumulation in tumors remains unknown. Here, we combined quantitative micro-autoradiography with fluorescence immunohistochemistry to simultaneously visualize 18F-FDG distribution, the expression of multiple proteins, and hypoxic regions in the cancer microenvironment of a human A431 xenograft tumor in C.B-17/Icr-scid/scid mice. We found that the highest 18F-FDG accumulation was in cancer-derived cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hypoxic regions, implicating these regions as a major contributor to increased glucose metabolism, as measured by 18F-FDG-PET.
Improving sentence simplification model with ordered neurons network
Authors: Deng Chunhui , Zhang Lemin , Deng Huifang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSentence simplification is an essential task in natural language processing and aims to simplify complex sentences while retaining their primary meanings. To date, the main research works on sentence simplification models have been based on sequence‐to‐sequence (Seq2Seq) models. However, these Seq2Seq models are incapable of analysing the hierarchical structure of sentences, which is of great significance for sentence simplification. The problem can be addressed with an ON‐MULTI‐STAGE model constructed based on the improved MULTI‐STAGE encoder model. In this model, an ordered neurons network is introduced and can provide sentence‐level structural information for the encoder and decoder. A weak attention connection method is then employed to make the decoder use the sentence‐level structural details. Experimental results on two open data sets demonstrated that the constructed model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art baseline models in sentence simplification.
Error correction in data storage systems using polar codes
Authors: Gerrar Nana Kobina , Zhao Shengmei , Kong Lingjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates error correction in two‐dimensional (2‐D) intersymbol interference (ISI) channels using polar codes. 2‐D channels offer high data storage capacity compared to traditional one‐dimensional (1‐D) channels but suffer from greater ISI effects. Error correction codes can be used to mitigate the effects of ISI in 2‐D data storage systems and improve their performance and reliability. Polar codes achieve the symmetric capacity for the class of binary‐input discrete memoryless channels (B‐DMCs). A post‐processing technique is proposed to improve the performance of polar codes in the 2‐D ISI channel. The simplified successive cancellation (SSC) polar decoder is useful for data storage systems owing to its good waterfall region performance, low error floors and good throughput rates and is therefore adopted for the study. Simulation results indicate that the proposed technique has an error correction performance comparable to some existing decoders and has better performance than other decoding techniques.
Condition monitoring and severity estimation of rotor demagnetisation fault using magnetic flux measurement data
Authors: Usman Adil , Sharma Vivek. K. , Rajpurohit Bharat. S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article studies and investigate the magnetic characteristics of a surface mounted permanent magnet (SPM)‐type brushless direct current (BLDC) motor when subjected to demagnetisation fault conditions. The proposed research subjugates the limitation of estimating the State of Health (SoH) of a BLDC motor drive when deployed in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Demagnetisation faults adversely affect the performance of a machine and indirectly the EV drive system, bringing significant transformation in the machine’s characteristics and quantities. The novel method of measuring the radial magnetic field (Bg) across the machine airgap assists in diagnosing and estimating the % severity of faults under the subjected fault conditions. A numerical co‐simulation‐based model of a BLDC motor is developed to investigate the performance of the machine under both healthy and fault conditions. The BLDC motor being studied is operated using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based control drive adopting a hysteresis current control (HCC) technique. The experimental investigation of a complete BLDC motor test drive is carried out with an FPGA‐based algorithm developed on the Xilinx ISE tool. The outcomes obtained are validated with the numerical results obtained through a finite element (FE) analysis. The proposed study uses a fluxgate sensor for experimental measurement of the flux density of a BLDC motor drive, which is vital for estimating the fault severity and scheduling the maintenance accordingly. The experimental investigations are found to be in validation with the proposed techniques in estimating the health of a BLDC motor‐driven EV drive system.
A novel weighted total variation model for image denoising
Authors: Li Meng‐Meng , Li Bing‐Zhao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImage denoising is a very important problem in image processing field. In order to improve denoising effects and meanwhile keep image structures, a novel weighted total variation (WTV) model is proposed in this paper. The WTV model consists of data fidelity and norm based regularisation terms. In the WTV model, a weight function in exponential form is incorporated into the regularisation term, which only depends on the given image itself without extra parameters. The nonlinearly monotone formulation of helps to increase gaps between lower and higher frequencies of images, which is effective to highlight edges and keep textures. For solving the proposed model, the alternating direction method of multipliers is explored and the according convergence is analysed. Compared experiments of TV, HOTV, ATV and models are conducted and the results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model.
Evolution towards optimal driving strategies for large‐scale autonomous vehicles
Authors: Jiang Runsong , Liu Zhangjie , Li Huiyun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWith rapidly developing autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies, the optimal driving strategy should consider multi‐objective optimization problems of large‐scale transportation systems, including safety and efficiency. Different driving strategies have different performance, and there is an interaction between vehicles with different strategies. Since the Nash equilibrium is hard to find for an n‐player game, it is difficult to get an analytical solution to this multi‐objective optimization problem. Therefor a coevolutionary algorithm is proposed to explore the interactions between populations with different strategies and investigate the cooperation and competition among vehicles. Combining the multi‐objective optimization algorithm and the incentive mechanism of survival of the fittest reproduction law, the system structure reaches a stable equilibrium state and the optimal group driving strategy evolves. Simulation results, with 40,000 vehicles driving in Luxembourg SUMO Traffic Scenario, demonstrate that the rational–rational strategy performs best among six typical strategies. Meanwhile, the accident rate drops by 56%, while the overall average speed increases by 30%. The results of multi‐vehicle and multi‐objective coevolution are enlightening in designing optimal driving strategy with AVs.
DC breakdown characteristics and charges accumulation behaviour of thermally upgraded paper aged in natural ester
Authors: Zou Runhao , Hao Jian , Li Yanqing , Liao Ruijin , Li Wenping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractConsidering that the working temperature is much higher in high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) convert transformers than in conventional AC transformers, the combination of thermally upgraded paper and natural ester might be a better choice to withstand high temperature in long‐term operation. This study compares the chemical structure, DC breakdown voltage, space charge and trap distribution of thermally upgraded paper aged in natural esters and mineral oil. The relationship between DC breakdown and accumulated charges was analyzed. Results show that the thermally upgraded paper aged in natural ester (NEI‐TUP) has a higher volume resistivity and DC breakdown voltage than that aged in mineral oil (MOI‐TUP). The NEI‐TUP group has a larger deep trap density than the MOI‐TUP group due to the chemical structure of natural ester. The larger deep trap density could contribute to the lower charge accumulation quantity and higher DC breakdown voltage. The thermally upgraded paper immersed in natural ester presents better insulation capability under thermal and DC electrical stress than that immersed in conventional mineral oil. This research indicated that the combination of thermally upgraded paper and natural ester might be a potential alternative for the mineral oil immersed paper in the future.
Performance evaluation and artificial neural network based thermal modelling of multi tilted active tiles in data centres
Authors: Rasheed Zeeshan , Zhao Zhiyan , Cong Gaoxiang , Wan Jianxiong , Li Leixiao , Ma Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to improve the resilience of data center cooling system and reduce the energy consumption in data center by using the Tilted Active Tile (TATs). We deploy multiple TATs in cold aisle environment then analyze the thermal performance of racks. TATs also help to improve the reliability in case of cooling failure by increased ride through time. We observed an extended ride‐through time for data centers deployed with Tilted Active Tiles (TATs) when the CRAC blower failed. Proposed approach can maintain cooling system temperature for up to 10 minutes. We also introduced ANN based thermal models to predict the thermal performance of TATs, To train the ANN models, we collect the rack inlet and CRAC outlet temperature from Data Center. We also fixed blank panel in empty U part of racks and then analyzed that the thermal performance of racks are better and temperature distribution at bottom, middle and top of the rack were same under 30°angle. The airflow of TATs and passive tile influence on surrounding racks. That’s why we analyzed the disturbance of TATs on surrounding rack and observed that the TATs at 30°angle has positiveimpact on the surrounding racks.
Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herb believed to be native to China and South-East Asia. Since spreading from its natural range, E. sonchifolia now has a pan-tropical distribution and is naturalized elsewhere in Asia, as well as in Australia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and the Americas. This species has been reported as a weed for a number of crops and has been shown to reduce yields and act as a reservoir for crop pathogens. Currently it is listed as invasive in India, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Costa Rica, the Galapagos, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Madeira, Réunion, Hawaii and on many other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Mechanical control has been shown to be effective, and chemical control has been effective in some annual and perennial crops.
Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed).
Authors: Shaw Dick 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

F. japonica is an extremely invasive weed despite its lack of extensive sexual reproduction in most of its introduced range. It is included on various lists of invasive weeds and is one of the 100 worst invasive species as identified by the IUCN. It is a potential contaminant of soil, and its ability to tolerate a remarkable range of soil types and climates means that it has the potential to spread much further than it has to date. It has gained a fearsome reputation for breaking through hard structures in the built environment and being almost impossible to eradicate once it has taken hold and is often recognized as one of the most pernicious weeds in any recipient country.
Researching the Non-Take up of Social Rights: A Social Work Perspective
Authors: Dewanckel Lore , Schiettecat Tineke , Hermans Koen , Roose Rudi , Van Lancker Wim , Roets Griet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the face of growing social, economic, political and demographic challenges, many European welfare states have been confronted with barriers in realising the social rights of certain groups of citizens. This phenomenon has often been referred to as ‘the non-take up of social rights’. Considering the core mandate and key principles of social work as a practice-based profession and academic discipline, we argue that social work should have a key role in knowledge and practice development on understanding and combating the non-take up of social rights. Our integrative contextual literature review, nonetheless, demonstrates that there is a tangible scarcity of theoretically and empirically grounded social work research that generates fruitful and in-depth insights into the socially unjust situations and complex dynamics behind these processes of non-take up. This article therefore aims to identify and discuss the key knowledge gaps in the existing body of research on non-take up. As a result, we address critical foci for a future empirical social work research agenda to munition social work practice development that strongly accentuates the substantial realisation of social rights and accordingly contributes to social justice.
dbGENVOC: database of GENomic Variants of Oral Cancer, with special reference to India
Authors: Pradhan Sanchari , Das Subrata , Singh Animesh K , Das Chitrarpita , Basu Analabha , Majumder Partha P , Biswas Nidhan K 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oral cancer is highly prevalent in India and is the most frequent cancer type among Indian males. It is also very common in southeast Asia. India has participated in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and some national initiatives to generate large-scale genomic data on oral cancer patients and analyze to identify associations and systematically catalog the associated variants. We have now created an open, web-accessible database of these variants found significantly associated with Indian oral cancer patients, with a user-friendly interface to enable easy mining. We have value added to this database by including relevant data collated from various sources on other global populations, thereby providing opportunities of comparative geographical and/or ethnic analyses. Currently, no other database of similar nature is available on oral cancer. We have developed Database of GENomic Variants of Oral Cancer, a browsable online database framework for storage, retrieval and analysis of large-scale data on genomic variants and make it freely accessible to the scientific community. Presently, the web-accessible database allows potential users to mine data on ∼24 million clinically relevant somatic and germline variants derived from exomes (n = 100) and whole genomes (n = 5) of Indian oral cancer patients; all generated by us. Variant data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and data manually curated from peer-reviewed publications were also incorporated into the database for comparative analyses. It allows users to query the database by a single gene, multiple genes, multiple variant sites, genomic region, patient ID and pathway identities.
Database URL: http://research.nibmg.ac.in/dbcares/dbgenvoc/