bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continent ileostomy: short- and long-term outcomes of a forgotten procedure
Authors: Ecker Nils Karl Josef , Möslein Gabriela , Ecker Karl-Wilhelm 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Continent ileostomy (CI) aims to provide control of gas and faecal evacuation; however, it is rarely performed. This paper reports on outcomes of CI in a large single-surgeon series.

Methods
All consecutive patients who underwent CI between 1986 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients were classified according to the CI procedure (single stage versus two stage) and according to the underlying disease conditions (inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) versus no IBD). Primary outcome measures were early mortality and complications requiring surgical revision within 30 days (group Ia), those requiring surgical revision within 1–12 months (group Ib), and long-term complications after more than 12 months (group II). Secondary outcome measures were pouch survival and quality of life (QoL) assessed using questionnaires for occupational, sports, sexual, and travel activities; patients undergoing CI after conversion from ileostomy. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and Kaplan–Meier curves for the long-term outcomes.

Results
Sixty-two consecutive patients (28 men, 34 women) who underwent CI were reviewed, including 48 with IBD, and 14 without inflammatory conditions. Mean(s.d.) follow-up was 14.4 (9.5) (range 1–30) years. Twenty-seven patients (44 per cent) developed group I complications, of which 25 were corrected successfully. Two patients dropped out of the analysis: one who died from sepsis and the other owing to pouch loss attributed to unsolvable nipple complications. Of the remaining 60 patients, 23 (38 per cent) developed between one and five group II complications. The cumulative probability of reoperation was 54. per cent at 25 years. Overall, pouch survival was achieved in 90 per cent. The two-stage approach led to significantly fewer complications in group Ia (single stage versus two stage: 8 of 25 versus 2 of 37; P = 0.005), whereas complication rates in group Ib (5 of 23 versus 14 of 37) and group II (9 of 23 versus 14 of 37) were similar. Four CIs failed because of IBD complications. CI pouch and function were preserved in all patients without IBD, whereas in the group with IBD 2 of 31 with ulcerative colitis and 2 of 17 with Crohn’s colitis lost the CI owing to severe intractable inflammatory complications. In 16 patients who had conversion from ileostomy to CI, QoL improved significantly above precolectomy levels in all domains

Conclusions
CI remains an alternative to conventional ileostomy. Although affected by high reoperation rates, it has the benefit of a high rate of pouch survival.
Called to the Crisis: The Experiences of Hospital-Based Social Workers Providing on-Call Services
Authors: Fox Mim , Hopkins Dominque , Crehan Scott 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Social workers who are based in hospitals regularly participate in on-call services whereby they respond to crisis or emergency presentations outside of usual working hours. A social work research team across four metropolitan hospitals in a Local Heath District in Sydney, Australia, investigated the experience of participating in an on-call service and the impact this had on the wellbeing of the social workers involved. By utilising a Participatory Action Research methodology that included in-depth interviews and reflective co-analysis, the findings showed evidence of risk for on-call social workers, as well as two key protective factors that mitigate the anxiety associated with night time and crisis work. These factors are preparation for participation in an on-call service, and timely and effective support whilst working outside of normal working hours. This research offers suggested strategies for translation into other hospital social work departments who undertake on-call services.
Sphingolipid changes in Parkinson L444P GBA mutation fibroblasts promote α-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Galvagnion Céline , Marlet Frederik Ravnkilde , Cerri Silvia , Schapira Anthony H V , Blandini Fabio , Di Monte Donato A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, mechanisms capable of promoting α-synuclein deposition bear important pathogenetic implications. Mutations of the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) gene represent a prevalent Parkinson’s disease risk factor. They are associated with loss of activity of a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, glucocerebrosidase, supporting a mechanistic relationship between abnormal α-synuclein–lipid interactions and the development of Parkinson pathology.
In this study, the lipid membrane composition of fibroblasts isolated from control subjects, patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson's disease patients carrying the L444P GBA mutation (PD-GBA) was assayed using shotgun lipidomics.
The lipid profile of PD-GBA fibroblasts differed significantly from that of control and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease cells. It was characterized by an overall increase in sphingolipid levels. It also featured a significant increase in the proportion of ceramide, sphingomyelin and hexosylceramide molecules with shorter chain length and a decrease in the percentage of longer-chain sphingolipids. The extent of this shift was correlated to the degree of reduction of fibroblast glucocerebrosidase activity. Lipid extracts from control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were added to recombinant α-synuclein solutions. The kinetics of α-synuclein aggregation were significantly accelerated after addition of PD-GBA extracts as compared to control samples. Amyloid fibrils collected at the end of these incubations contained lipids, indicating α-synuclein–lipid co-assembly. Lipids extracted from α-synuclein fibrils were also analysed by shotgun lipidomics. Data revealed that the lipid content of these fibrils was significantly enriched by shorter-chain sphingolipids. In a final set of experiments, control and PD-GBA fibroblasts were incubated in the presence of the small molecule chaperone ambroxol. This treatment restored glucocerebrosidase activity and sphingolipid levels and composition of PD-GBA cells. It also reversed the pro-aggregation effect that lipid extracts from PD-GBA fibroblasts had on α-synuclein.
Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the L444P GBA mutation and consequent enzymatic loss are associated with a distinctly altered membrane lipid profile that provides a biological fingerprint of this mutation in Parkinson fibroblasts. This altered lipid profile could also be an indicator of increased risk for α-synuclein aggregate pathology.
Metabolome-wide association study of occupational exposure to benzene
Authors: Rothman Nathaniel , Vermeulen Roel , Zhang Luoping , Hu Wei , Yin Songnian , Rappaport Stephen M , Smith Martyn T , Jones Dean P , Rahman Mohammad , Lan Qing , Walker Douglas I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBenzene is a recognized hematotoxin and leukemogen; however, its mechanism of action in humans remain unclear. To provide insight into the processes underlying benzene hematotoxicity, we performed high-resolution metabolomic profiling of plasma collected from a cross-sectional study of 33 healthy workers exposed to benzene (median 8-h time-weighted average exposure; 20 ppma), and 25 unexposed controls in Shanghai, China. Metabolic features associated with benzene were identified using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) that tested for the relationship between feature intensity and benzene exposure. MWAS identified 478 mass spectral features associated with benzene exposure at false discovery rate &lt; 20%. Comparison to a list of 13 known benzene metabolites and metabolites predicted using a multi-component biotransformation algorithm showed five metabolites were detected, which included the known metabolites phenol and benzene diolepoxide. Metabolic pathway enrichment identified 41 pathways associated with benzene exposure, with altered pathways including carnitine shuttle, fatty acid metabolism, sulfur amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism. These results suggest disruption to fatty acid uptake, energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress, and point towards pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which has previously been linked to benzene exposure in animal models and human studies. Taken together, these results suggest benzene exposure is associated with disruption of mitochondrial pathways, and provide promising, systems biology biomarkers for risk assessment of benzene-induced hematotoxicity in humans.
Age Differences of the Hierarchical Cognitive Control and the Frontal Rostro–Caudal Functional Brain Activation
Authors: Yao Zai-Fu , Hsieh Shulan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Age-related differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe remain unclear. We adopted task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate age differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe. Behavioral results report both reaction time and efficiency declined as the levels of abstraction increased in the selection of a set of stimulus–response mappings in older adults compared with young adults. fMRI findings suggest trends of the hierarchical organization along the rostro–caudal axis in both groups, and brain–behavior correlation further suggests neural dedifferentiation in older adults when performing at the highest level of control demands experiment. Behavioral performances and age difference overactivations at the highest level of control demands were both associated with working memory capacity, suggesting the working memory capacity is important for processing the highest task demands. Region-of-interest analysis revealed age differences in brain overactivation and common activation across experiments in the primary motor cortex, parietal lobule, and the fusiform gyrus may serve as shared mechanisms underlying tasks that are required for the selection of stimulus–response mapping sets. Overall, older adults reflect maladaptive overactivation in task-irrelevant regions that are detrimental to performance with the highest control demands.
Individualized Functional Subnetworks Connect Human Striatum and Frontal Cortex
Authors: Gordon Evan M , Laumann Timothy O , Marek Scott , Newbold Dillan J , Hampton Jacqueline M , Seider Nicole A , Montez David F , Nielsen Ashley M , Van Andrew N , Zheng Annie , Miller Ryland , Siegel Joshua S , Kay Benjamin P , Snyder Abraham Z , Greene Deanna J , Schlaggar Bradley L , Petersen Steven E , Nelson Steven M , Dosenbach Nico U F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The striatum and cerebral cortex are interconnected via multiple recurrent loops that play a major role in many neuropsychiatric conditions. Primate corticostriatal connections can be precisely mapped using invasive tract-tracing. However, noninvasive human research has not mapped these connections with anatomical precision, limited in part by the practice of averaging neuroimaging data across individuals. Here we utilized highly sampled resting-state functional connectivity MRI for individual-specific precision functional mapping (PFM) of corticostriatal connections. We identified ten individual-specific subnetworks linking cortex—predominately frontal cortex—to striatum, most of which converged with nonhuman primate tract-tracing work. These included separable connections between nucleus accumbens core/shell and orbitofrontal/medial frontal gyrus; between anterior striatum and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; between dorsal caudate and lateral prefrontal cortex; and between middle/posterior putamen and supplementary motor/primary motor cortex. Two subnetworks that did not converge with nonhuman primates were connected to cortical regions associated with human language function. Thus, precision subnetworks identify detailed, individual-specific, neurobiologically plausible corticostriatal connectivity that includes human-specific language networks.
A Dual, Systematic Approach to Malaria Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Yerlikaya Seda , Owusu Ewurama D A , Frimpong Augustina , DeLisle Robert Kirk , Ding Xavier C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that lack HRP2/3 proteins and the resulting decreased utility of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) prompted the World Health Organization and other global health stakeholders to prioritize the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers for malaria.

Methods
To address this pressing need, we adopted a dual, systematic approach by conducting a systematic review of the literature for publications on diagnostic biomarkers for uncomplicated malaria and a systematic in silico analysis of P. falciparum proteomics data for Plasmodium proteins with favorable diagnostic features.

Results
Our complementary analyses led us to 2 novel malaria diagnostic biomarkers compatible for use in an RDT format: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase.

Conclusions
Overall, our results pave the way for the development of next-generation malaria RDTs based on new antigens by identifying 2 lead candidates with favorable diagnostic features and partially de-risked product development prospects.
Rapid Genomic Characterization and Global Surveillance of Klebsiella Using Pathogenwatch
Authors: Argimón Silvia , David Sophia , Underwood Anthony , Abrudan Monica , Wheeler Nicole E , Kekre Mihir , Abudahab Khalil , Yeats Corin A , Goater Richard , Taylor Ben , Harste Harry , Muddyman Dawn , Feil Edward J , Brisse Sylvain , Holt Kathryn , Donado-Godoy Pilar , Ravikumar K L , Okeke Iruka N , Carlos Celia , Aanensen David M ,   NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, Fabian Bernal Johan , Arevalo Alejandra , Fernanda Valencia Maria , Osma Castro Erik C D , Nagaraj Geetha , Shamanna Varun , Govindan Vandana , Prabhu Akshata , Sravani D , Shincy M R , Rose Steffimole , Ravishankar K N , Oaikhena Anderson O , Afolayan Ayorinde O , Ajiboye Jolaade J , Ewomazino Odih Erkison , Lagrada Marietta L , Macaranas Polle Krystle V , Olorosa Agnettah M , Gayeta June M , Masim Melissa Ana L , Herrera Elmer M , Molloy Ali , Stelling John 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella species, including the notable pathogen K. pneumoniae, are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Genome-based surveillance can inform interventions aimed at controlling AMR. However, its widespread implementation requires tools to streamline bioinformatic analyses and public health reporting.

Methods
We developed the web application Pathogenwatch, which implements analytics tailored to Klebsiella species for integration and visualization of genomic and epidemiological data. We populated Pathogenwatch with 16 537 public Klebsiella genomes to enable contextualization of user genomes. We demonstrated its features with 1636 genomes from 4 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) participating in the NIHR Global Health Research Unit (GHRU) on AMR.

Results
Using Pathogenwatch, we found that GHRU genomes were dominated by a small number of epidemic drug-resistant clones of K. pneumoniae. However, differences in their distribution were observed (eg, ST258/512 dominated in Colombia, ST231 in India, ST307 in Nigeria, ST147 in the Philippines). Phylogenetic analyses including public genomes for contextualization enabled retrospective monitoring of their spread. In particular, we identified hospital outbreaks, detected introductions from abroad, and uncovered clonal expansions associated with resistance and virulence genes. Assessment of loci encoding O-antigens and capsule in K. pneumoniae, which represent possible vaccine candidates, showed that 3 O-types (O1–O3) represented 88.9% of all genomes, whereas capsule types were much more diverse.

Conclusions
Pathogenwatch provides a free, accessible platform for real-time analysis of Klebsiella genomes to aid surveillance at local, national, and global levels. We have improved representation of genomes from GHRU participant countries, further facilitating ongoing surveillance.
Methodology to Determine Cause of Death for Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Using Automated Case Reports and a Cause-of-Death Panel
Authors: Hwang Kay S , Parlberg Lindsay , Aceituno Anna , Moore Janet L , Goudar Shivaprasad S , Sunder Tikmani Shiyam , Saleem Sarah , Guruprasad Gowdar , Revankar Amit , Habib Zaheer , Dhaded Sangappa M , Yogesh Kumar S , Raghoji Chaitali , Kusugur Varun , Pujar Sneharoopa , Roujani Sana , McClure Elizabeth M , Goldenberg Robert L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Review of data from multiple sources is often necessary to determine cause of death for stillbirths and neonatal deaths, especially in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) where available data may vary. The minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) procedure provides granular histologic and microbiologic data that clinical reports and verbal autopsies cannot provide. Expert panel evaluation of data from individual deaths can be resource-intensive but remains essential to accurately infer causes of death.

Methods
The Project to Understand and Research Preterms and Stillbirths in South Asia (PURPOSe) study uses review panels to evaluate causes of death in 2 LMICs. To make the process manageable, a subset of the study variables was selected with professional input and organized into case reports. Case reports include clinical information, laboratory results, fetal or neonatal organ histology and polymerase chain reaction results from tissue obtained by MITS. Panelists evaluated the complete case report forms and then determined the cause of death based on available data.

Results
Computerized case reports averaged 2 to 3 pages. Approximately 6 to 8 cases were reviewed and discussed per 1-hour panel meeting. All panelists were provided the same information; missing data were noted. This limited bias between panelists and across meetings. Study teams notably took ownership of data quality.

Conclusions
Standardized case reports for cause-of-death determination panel evaluation improve the efficiency of the review process, clarify available information, and limit bias across panelists, time, and location.
Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Findings in 12 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Rakislova Natalia , Rodrigo-Calvo Maria Teresa , Marimon Lorena , Ribera-Cortada Inmaculada , Ismail Mamudo R , Carrilho Carla , Fernandes Fabiola , Ferrando Melania , Sanfeliu Esther , Castillo Paola , Guerrero José , Ramírez-Ruz José , Saez de Gordoa Karmele , López Del Campo Ricardo , Bishop Rosanna , Ortiz Estrella , Muñoz-Beatove Abel , Vila Jordi , Hurtado Juan Carlos , Navarro Mireia , Maixenchs Maria , Delgado Vima , Aldecoa Iban , Martinez-Pozo Antonio , Castro Pedro , Menéndez Clara , Bassat Quique , Martinez Miguel J , Ordi Jaume 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), a postmortem procedure that uses core needle biopsy samples and does not require opening the body, may be a valid alternative to complete autopsy (CA) in highly infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This study aimed to (1) compare the performance of MITS and CA in a series of COVID-19 deaths and (2) evaluate the safety of the procedure.

Methods
From October 2020 to February 2021, MITS was conducted in 12 adults who tested positive before death for COVID-19, in a standard, well-ventilated autopsy room, where personnel used reinforced personal protective equipment. In 9 cases, a CA was performed after MITS. A thorough histological evaluation was conducted, and the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was evaluated by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.

Results
The diagnoses provided by MITS and CA matched almost perfectly. In 9 patients, COVID-19 was in the chain of events leading to death, being responsible for diffuse alveolar damage and mononuclear T-cell inflammatory response in the lungs. No specific COVID-19 features were identified. Three deaths were not related to COVID-19. All personnel involved in MITS repeatedly tested negative for COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was identified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in the MITS samples, particularly in the lungs.

Conclusions
MITS is useful for evaluating COVID-19–related deaths in settings where a CA is not feasible. The results of this simplified and safer technique are comparable to those of CA.
Colocalization of Radicular Pain and Erythema Migrans in Patients With Bannwarth Syndrome Suggests a Direct Spread of Borrelia Into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Ogrinc Katarina , Kastrin Andrej , Lotrič-Furlan Stanka , Bogovič Petra , Rojko Tereza , Maraspin Vera , Ružić-Sabljić Eva , Strle Klemen , Strle Franc 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
There is a general assumption that after deposition into skin, Lyme borreliae disseminate hematogenously to other organs, resulting in extracutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, including Lyme neuroborreliosis. However, our experience over the past 40 years, along with several published case reports that observed colocalization of radicular pain and erythema migrans (EM) in patients with borrelial meningoradiculoneuritis (Bannwarth syndrome), argues against hematogenous dissemination in Lyme neuroborreliosis.

Methods
We compared the location of EM in 112 patients with Bannwarth syndrome to 12315 EM patients without neurological involvement. Moreover, we assessed the colocalization of EM and radicular pain in patients with Bannwarth syndrome.

Results
Compared to &gt;12000 EM patients without neurological involvement, patients with Bannwarth syndrome had a significantly higher frequency of EM on head/neck (6% vs 1%; P=.0005) and trunk (47% vs 24%; P&lt;.0001), similar frequency on arms (16% vs 16%; P=.91), but lower frequency on legs (30% vs 59%; P&lt;.0001). Moreover, in 79% (89/112) of patients the site of EM matched the dermatomes of radicular pain. The odds for a congruent location of EM and radicular pain were highly significant with the highest odds ratios (OR) observed for head (OR=221), followed by neck (OR=159), legs (OR=69), arms (OR=48), and trunk (OR=33).

Conclusions
The greater frequency of EM on head/neck and trunk and the colocalization of EM with radicular pain in patients with Bannwarth syndrome suggest that central nervous system involvement in Lyme neuroborreliosis is due to a retrograde spread of borrelia from skin to the spinal cord via peripheral nerves.
Tribute to Domenico Mario Nuti
Authors: Ellman Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article is a tribute to the late D.M.Nuti who died at the end of 2020. It details his contributions to economic theory, economic policy, the analysis of actually existing socialism, transition economics and economic systems. It also draws attention to his role as a teacher and manager of research. He linked economists in Rome, Florence, Warsaw, Budapest, London and Cambridge. Influenced by Kalecki and the Cambridge Keynesians, he devoted his life to the study of variants of socialism and ended up advocating an updated version of social democracy. This would replace the perverted social democracy of Blair and Schroder.