bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics analyses of cognitive traits and psychiatric disorders highlight brain-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Leyden Genevieve M , Relton Caroline L , Richmond Rebecca C , Richardson Tom G 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntegrating findings from genome-wide association studies with molecular datasets can help develop insight into the underlying functional mechanisms responsible for trait-associated genetic variants. We have applied the principles of Mendelian randomization to investigate whether brain-derived gene expression (n = 1194) may be responsible for mediating the effect of genetic variants on eight cognitive and psychological outcomes (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder, depression, intelligence, insomnia, neuroticism and schizophrenia). Transcriptome-wide analyses identified 83 genes associated with at least one outcome (PBonferroni &lt; 6.72 × 10−6), with multiple trait colocalization also implicating changes to brain-derived DNA methylation at nine of these loci. Comparing effects between outcomes identified the evidence of enrichment, which may reflect putative causal relationships, such as an inverse relationship between genetic liability towards schizophrenia risk and cognitive ability in later life. Repeating these analyses in whole blood (n = 31 684), we replicated 58.2% of brain-derived effects (based on P &lt; 0.05). Finally, we undertook phenome-wide evaluations at associated loci to investigate pleiotropic effects with 700 complex traits. This highlighted pleiotropic loci such as FURIN [initially implicated in schizophrenia risk (P = 1.05 × 10−7)], which had evidence of an effect on 28 other outcomes, as well as genes which may have a more specific role in disease pathogenesis [e.g. SLC12A5 which only provided evidence of an effect on depression (P = 7.13 × 10−10)]. Our results support the utility of whole blood as a valuable proxy for future studies analysing molecular datasets, but also suggest that conducting analyses in a tissue-specific manner may be more comprehensive.
Finiteness Theorems for Kac–Moody Groups over Non-archimedean Local Fields
Authors: Ali Abid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We prove the finiteness of formal analogs of the spherical function (Spherical Finiteness), the ${\textbf c}$-function (Gindikin–Karpelevich Finiteness), and obtain a formal analog of Harish-Chandra’s limit (Approximation Theorem) relating spherical and ${\textbf c}$-function in the setting of $p$-adic Kac–Moody groups. The finiteness theorems imply that the formal analog of the Gindikin–Karpelevich integral is well defined in local Kac–Moody settings. These results extend Braverman–Garland–Kazhdan–Patnaik’s affine Gindikin–Karpelevich finiteness theorems from [ 4] and provide an algebraic analog of the combinatorial results of Gaussent–Rousseau [10] and Hébert [14].
Deemed consent for organ donation: a comparison of the English and Scottish approaches
Authors: Parsons Jordan A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Deemed consent for organ donation has long been discussed as a potential solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation, with several countries having implemented it. In Great Britain, Wales was the first nation to introduce such a system, having done so in 2015. Now, the other two nations are following suit. In this paper, I compare the approaches of England and Scotland in moving to systems of deemed consent for organ donation. After outlining both sets of legislation, I focus on three points on which the two nations differ. First, the role of those close to the deceased in the consent process and the extent to which clinicians are required to consult them ahead of consent being deemed. Second, the role of government ministers in ensuring widespread public awareness. Third, the ways in which the two nations responded to the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the implementation of deemed consent. I conclude that on all three points, the Scottish approach is preferable.
Mixed infected laryngocoele presenting as airway obstruction: a case report
Authors: James Danielle L , Garry Stephen , Corbett Mel , Lang John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Laryngocoele is a rare entity, defined as an abnormal cystic dilatation of saccule of the laryngeal ventricle. Three types of laryngocele have been described, based on their relation to the thyrohyoid membrane: internal, external or mixed type. Symptoms are variable, including neck swelling, shortness of breath, dysphonia and fever, if the laryngocoele becomes infected. Patients may also present in extremis with airway obstruction. We present the case of a healthy 34-year-old gentleman with acute airway obstruction due to a mixed infected laryngocoele. Flexible nasoendoscopy showed a large cystic swelling arising from the laryngeal ventricle. Computed tomography of neck confirmed a right paraglottic collection extending into the ventricle and glottis, causing significant airway compromise. The patient was managed with microlaryngoscopy and cystic decompression. At outpatient follow up, he was completely asymptomatic and is currently under surveillance. Endoscopic decompression is a safe and effective initial management for mixed laryngocoele.
Contradictory Phenomenon Between Serum Separator Tube and Plasma Tube: A Case Report
Authors: Pang Lu , Xing Ying , Xing Lingsheng , Miao Linzi , An Chongwen , Li Haixia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Separator gels in blood collection tubes are used to separate serum from clotted whole blood or plasma from cells. Here we present a case of a patient with a contradictory phenomenon between the serum separator tube and the plasma tube. The serum separator tube showed mixed serum and separator gel and distinctly less serum. However, the plasma tube showed fewer cells. Laboratory study revealed an IgG level of 78.9 g/L. Serum immunofixation electrophoresis analysis identified the abnormal pattern as a dense IgG band with a corresponding dense light chain band of λ. Bone marrow smear showed 53% proplasmacytes. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The marked hyperproteinemia, especially hyperimmunoglobulinemia, may have resulted in the density alteration of serum that was mixed or located above the separator gel. This phenomenon is also seen in patients injected with iodinated radiologic contrast media such as iohexol and in patients on hemodialysis with a concentrated sodium citrate solution.
Preparing Austere Maritime Surgical Teams for Deployment During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Is It Time to Change the Training Pipeline?
Authors: Vicente Diego A , Ugochukwu Obinna , Johnston Michael G , Craft Chad , Damin Virginia , Tadlock Matthew D 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionNavy Medicine's Role 2 Light Maneuver (R2LM) Emergency Resuscitative Surgical Systems (ERSS) are austere surgical teams manned, trained, and equipped to provide life-saving damage control resuscitation and surgery in any environment on land or sea. Given the restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the previously established pre-deployment training pipeline for was modified to prepare a new R2LM team augmenting a Role 1 shipboard medical department.MethodsThe modified curriculum created in response to COVID-19 related restriction is compared and contrasted to the established pre-deployment R2LM ERSS curriculum. Subject Matter Experts and currently deployed R2LM members critically evaluate the two curricula.ResultsBoth curricula included the team R2LM platform training and exposure to cadaver based team trauma skills training. The modified curriculum included didactics on shipboard resuscitation, anesthesia and surgery, shipboard COVID-19 management, and prolonged field care in austere maritime environments.ConclusionsWe describe Navy Medicines R2LM ERSS capability and compare and contrast the standard R2LM pre-COVID-19 curriculum to the modified curriculum. Central to both curricula, the standard R2LM platform training is important for developing and honing team dynamics, communication skills and fluid leadership; important for the successful function austere surgical teams. Several opportunities for improvement in the pre-deployment training were identified for R2LM teams augmenting shipboard Role 1 medical departments.
Eumycetoma: A Perspective for Military Primary Care
Authors: Tunnage Joshua , Vignali Jonathan , Eickhoff Christa 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
This is a case report of a 42-year-old woman who presented to a clinic with a history of progressive left foot and ankle swelling. She had a suspected history of myectoma, but had never been officially diagnosed despite repeated cultures and debridements over the course of decades. The inciting event occurred approximately 30 years prior in her home country of Belize. Her wound culture revealed Scedosporium apiospermum as the causative agent. Treatment included surgical debridement and oral antifungal therapy. This case represents an interesting adjunct to the differential diagnosis for military physicians, as mycetomas are prevalent in many of the areas where our forces are deployed and may only present after the service member has left active service because of its naturally indolent course.
Another layer of complexity inStaphylococcus aureusmethionine biosynthesis control: unusual RNase III-driven T-box riboswitch cleavage determinesmetoperon mRNA stability and decay
Authors: Wencker Freya D R , Marincola Gabriella , Schoenfelder Sonja M K , Maaß Sandra , Becher Dörte , Ziebuhr Wilma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Staphylococcus aureus, de novo methionine biosynthesis is regulated by a unique hierarchical pathway involving stringent-response controlled CodY repression in combination with a T-box riboswitch and RNA decay. The T-box riboswitch residing in the 5′ untranslated region (met leader RNA) of the S. aureus metICFE-mdh operon controls downstream gene transcription upon interaction with uncharged methionyl-tRNA. met leader and metICFE-mdh (m)RNAs undergo RNase-mediated degradation in a process whose molecular details are poorly understood. Here we determined the secondary structure of the met leader RNA and found the element to harbor, beyond other conserved T-box riboswitch structural features, a terminator helix which is target for RNase III endoribonucleolytic cleavage. As the terminator is a thermodynamically highly stable structure, it also forms posttranscriptionally in met leader/ metICFE-mdh read-through transcripts. Cleavage by RNase III releases the met leader from metICFE-mdh mRNA and initiates RNase J-mediated degradation of the mRNA from the 5′-end. Of note, metICFE-mdh mRNA stability varies over the length of the transcript with a longer lifespan towards the 3′-end. The obtained data suggest that coordinated RNA decay represents another checkpoint in a complex regulatory network that adjusts costly methionine biosynthesis to current metabolic requirements.
Free p-cresyl sulfate shows the highest association with cardiovascular outcome in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Glorieux Griet , Vanholder Raymond , Van Biesen Wim , Pletinck Anneleen , Schepers Eva , Neirynck Nathalie , Speeckaert Marijn , De Bacquer Dirk , Verbeke Francis 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Several protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs) have been associated with cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) but the degree to which this is the case per individual PBUT and the pathophysiological mechanism have only partially been unraveled.

Methods
We compared the prognostic value of both total and free concentrations of five PBUTs [p-cresyl sulfate (pCS), p-cresyl glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate, indole acetic acid and hippuric acid] in a cohort of 523 patients with non-dialysis CKD Stages G1–G5. Patients were followed prospectively for the occurrence of a fatal or non-fatal CV event as the primary endpoint and a number of other major complications as secondary endpoints. In addition, association with and the prognostic value of nine markers of endothelial activation/damage was compared.

Results
After a median follow-up of 5.5 years, 149 patients developed the primary endpoint. In multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and corrected for multiple testing, only free pCS was associated with the primary endpoint {hazard ratio [HR]1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.71]; P = 0.0014}. Free pCS also correlated with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (r = −0.114, P &lt; 0.05), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) (r = 0.194, P &lt; 0.001), matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP-7; (r = 0.238, P &lt; 0.001) and syndecan 1 (r = 0.235, P &lt; 0.001). Of these markers of endothelial activation/damage, ANGPT2 [HR 1.46 (95% CI 1.25–1.70); P &lt; 0.0001] and MMP-7 [HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.08–1.59); P = 0.0056] were also predictive of the primary outcome.

Conclusions
Among PBUTs, free pCS shows the highest association with CV outcome in non-dialysed patients with CKD. Two markers of endothelial activation/damage that were significantly correlated with free pCS, ANGPT2 and MMP-7 were also associated with CV outcome. The hypothesis that free pCS exerts its CV toxic effects by an adverse effect on endothelial function deserves further exploration.
Smokers’ Regrets and the Case for Public Health Paternalism
Authors: Wilkinson T M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPaternalist policies in public health often aim to improve people’s well-being by reducing their options, regulating smoking offering a prime example. The well-being challenge is to show that people really are better off for having their options reduced. The distribution challenge is to show how the policies are justified since they produce losers as well as winners. If we start from these challenges, we can understand the importance of the empirical evidence that a very high proportion of smokers regret smoking. In short, it is important that they regret it and important that the proportion is so high. This paper explains how, philosophically, regret can relate to well-being and it considers some of the strengths and weakness in the empirical research that the explanation brings out. The regret case for regulating smoking is indeed strong, although not as strong as the empirical researchers think. It is much weaker for paternalistic intervention in other public health problems, such as obesity and binge drinking.
Visualizing protein–protein interactions in plants by rapamycin-dependent delocalization
Authors: Winkler Joanna , Mylle Evelien , De Meyer Andreas , Pavie Benjamin , Merchie Julie , Grones Peter , Van Damme Dani�l 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIdentifying protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is crucial for understanding biological processes. Many PPI tools are available, yet only some function within the context of a plant cell. Narrowing down even further, only a few tools allow complex multi-protein interactions to be visualized. Here, we present a conditional in vivo PPI tool for plant research that meets these criteria. Knocksideways in plants (KSP) is based on the ability of rapamycin to alter the localization of a bait protein and its interactors via the heterodimerization of FKBP and FRB domains. KSP is inherently free from many limitations of other PPI systems. This in vivo tool does not require spatial proximity of the bait and prey fluorophores and it is compatible with a broad range of fluorophores. KSP is also a conditional tool and therefore the visualization of the proteins in the absence of rapamycin acts as an internal control. We used KSP to confirm previously identified interactions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. Furthermore, the scripts that we generated allow the interactions to be quantified at high throughput. Finally, we demonstrate that KSP can easily be used to visualize complex multi-protein interactions. KSP is therefore a versatile tool with unique characteristics and applications that complements other plant PPI methods.
The production of scientific and societal value in research evaluation: a review of societal impact assessment methods
Authors: Smit Jorrit P , Hessels Laurens K 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the past two decades, several methods have been developed to evaluate the societal impact of research. Compared to the practical development of the field, the conceptual development is relatively weak. This review article contributes to the latter by elucidating the theoretical aspects of the dominant methods for evaluating societal impact of research, in particular, their presuppositions about the relationship between scientific and societal value of research. We analyse 10 approaches to the assessment of the societal impact of research from a constructivist perspective. The methods represent different understandings of knowledge exchange, which can be understood in terms of linear, cyclical, and co-production models. In addition, the evaluation methods use a variety of concepts for the societal value of research, which suggest different relationships with scientific value. While some methods rely on a clear and explicit distinction between the two types of value, other methods, in particular Evaluative Inquiry, ASIRPA, Contribution Mapping, Public Value Mapping, and SIAMPI, consider the mechanisms for producing societal value integral to the research process. We conclude that evaluation methods must balance between demarcating societal value as a separate performance indicator for practical purposes and doing justice to the (constructivist) science studies’ findings about the integration of scientific and societal value of research. Our analytic comparison of assessment methods can assist research evaluators in the conscious and responsible selection of an approach that fits with the object under evaluation. As evaluation actively shapes knowledge production, it is important not to use oversimplified concepts of societal value.
Effect of ultrasound-detected synovitis on therapeutic efficacy of hyaluronic acid injection for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Chien-Chih , Wang Chin-Tien , Tsai Kun-Ling , Chou Chen-Liang , Chao Jian-Kang , Huang Hsin-Yi , Kao Chung-Lan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether ultrasound (US)-detected synovitis affects the therapeutic efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) injection for treating knee OA.

Methods
Patients with symptomatic knee OA were recruited. All the patients received HA injection two times at 2-week intervals. Clinical assessments were performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) at baseline and 1 and 6 months after treatment. Imaging evaluation was based on complete knee US examination and the Kellgren–Lawrence grading. Suprapatellar synovial fluid (SF) depth, synovial hypertrophy (SH) and vascularity were measured through US.

Results
In total, 137 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. All patients demonstrated improvement in VAS and WOMAC scores at 1 and 6 months after treatment (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, regression model-based analysis revealed significant associations of SF depth with the VAS and WOMAC scores in all patients. Each centimetre increase in the effusion diameter was associated with a decrease in the 1-month post-treatment VAS improvement percentage (15.26; 95% CI: 0.05, 29.5; P = 0.042) and 6-month post-treatment WOMAC improvement (37.43; 95% CI: 37.68, 50.69; P &lt; 0.01). However, SH and vascularity were not significantly associated with VAS or WOMAC scores.

Conclusion
Ultrasound detected suprapatellar effusion predicts reduced efficacy of HA injection in knee OA
Characteristics and risk factors of relapses in patients with adult-onset Still's disease: a long-term cohort study
Authors: Meng Jianfen , Chi Huihui , Wang Zhihong , Zhang Hao , Sun Yue , Teng Jialin , Hu Qiongyi , Liu Honglei , Cheng Xiaobing , Ye Junna , Shi Hui , Wu Xinyao , Jia Jincao , Wang Mengyan , Ma Yuning , Zhou Zhuochao , Wang Fan , Liu Tingting , Wan Liyan , Qiao Xin , Chen Xia , Yang Chengde , Su Yutong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the detailed characteristics and explore the potential risk factors of relapses in patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD).MethodsWe enrolled patients with AOSD admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital from August 2016 to September 2019. Kaplan–Meier curves and the log rank test were used to estimate the cumulative relapse probability and persistent remission rate before the first occurrence of relapse. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard method was utilized to identify risk factors associated with relapses of AOSD.ResultsA total of 122 patients with AOSD were enrolled with a median follow-up of 12.6 months. Among them, 26 (21.3%) patients had at least one relapse. The cumulative relapse rates of AOSD patients were 14.42%, 21.79%, 24.81% and 28.57% at 6, 12, 18 and 36 months, respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, intensive treatment (odds ratio: 6.848; 95% CI: 2.441, 19.211) and macrophage activation syndrome (odds ratio: 4.020, 95% CI: 1.564, 10.322) were associated with increased risk of relapse.ConclusionOur study indicated that relapses occurred in at least one-fifth of patients with AOSD, and patients with high disease severity at initial attack may have an increased risk of relapse, which needs more intensive therapy and close follow-up.
Policies to Support Businesses through the COVID-19 Shock: A Firm Level Perspective
Authors: Cirera Xavier , Cruz Marcio , Davies Elwyn , Grover Arti , Iacovone Leonardo , Cordova Jose Ernesto Lopez , Medvedev Denis , Maduko Franklin Okechukwu , Nayyar Gaurav , Reyes Ortega Santiago , Torres Jesica 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Relying on a novel dataset covering more than 120,000 firms in 60 countries, this paper contributes to the debate about policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments around the world have implemented a wide range of policy support measures, evidence on the reach of these policies, the alignment of measures with firm needs, and their targeting and effectiveness remains scarce. This paper provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of these issues, focusing primarily on developing economies. It shows that policy reach has been limited, especially for more vulnerable firms and countries, and identifies mismatches between policies provided and policies most sought. It also provides some indicative evidence regarding mistargeting of policies and their effectiveness in addressing liquidity constraints and preventing layoffs. This assessment provides some early guidance to policymakers on tailoring their COVID-19 business support packages and points to new directions in data and research efforts needed to guide policy responses to the current pandemic and future crises.