bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on image saliency target detection in fog and haze weather based on improved FT algorithm
Authors: Huang Shanshan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increase of air turbidity in fog and haze weather is not conducive to the accurate extraction of image feature information of important salient targets such as vehicles and pedestrians, nor is it conducive for drivers to make correct judgment on the road environment ahead of their vision. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved FT algorithm in fog and haze weather. This algorithm firstly uses the Retinex algorithm to remove fog and haze and restore color of fog and haze weather images, then uses FT algorithm to detect the saliency of the target, and finally completes the simulation based on MATLAB platform. It can be seen from the simulation results that the improved FT algorithm is significantly better than the effect of using the traditional FT algorithm, which means that the improved FT algorithm has a better role in helping drivers to detect road salient targets in fog and haze weather. And this improvement has a strong practical value for reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in fog and haze weather.
The study of the biotoxicity effect of alumina nanoparticle on soil microbes
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lin Xingjie , Miao Yu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Due to the unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used both in industrial products and individual life. However, with the huge benefits, NPs also possess potential toxicity to human health and ecosystem. Aluminum oxide NPs is so significant in industry that it occupies the second important position in US nanomaterials market. Aluminum oxide NPs belong to metal oxide nanoparticles which may have strong antimicrobial properties. As there is limited prior research on the toxicity of alumina NPs, the main goal of present research is to study the effects of alumina NPs on microorganisms in soils by combination methods of microcalorimetry and urease. Power-time curves and thermo-kinetic parameters (such as total heat evolution QT, growth rate constant k and maximum power output Pmax) were applied to evaluate the microbial community activities of the soil samples. A range of concentration of Aluminum oxide NPs gradient from 0 mg/L to 1000 mg/L was applied. The results showed that the concentration under 500 mg/L has negligible inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms while concentrations at 500mg/L and 1000 mg/L only have mild inhibition on microbes in soil. Urease experiments verified this result, therefore, it suggests that combination of microcalorimetry and urease may provide practical method for microorganism activity evaluating.
An empirical study on the impact of economic Agglomeration on environmental pollution
Authors: Yan Xiaoming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the context of China’s vigorous promotion of economic transformation to the green economy, economic agglomeration is one of the main economic activities that promote economic development, it is necessary to study the impact of economic agglomeration on the environment. In this paper, we used the spatial adjacent weight matrix SDM econometric model for empirical analysis. The study found that the regression coefficient of economic agglomeration is a positive significant level of 1%, that is, there is a positive correlation between economic agglomeration and environmental pollution. As the level of economic agglomeration increases, so does the pollution effect.
Characteristics of climatic variation from the perspective of “the Silk Road Economic Belt”
Authors: Qiang Anfeng , Wang Ni , Xie Jiancang , Wei Jiahua , Wei Xia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The variance tendency of climatic and spatial-temporal equilibrium characteristics of major cities along the SREB were systematically described through moving mean method, Kriging interpolation method and B-G based on monthly scale data of global weather stations released by the NCDC since 1951. Some conclusions cloud be drawn: (1) The P showed downward trend in other regions with significant seasonal differences except the E. The annual P was “N” distribution in CA, while showed an “inverted V” and a “positive V” distribution in EA and WA respectively, and the precipitation change was relatively gentle in E. The dominant factors affecting climate were different in different regions. Meanwhile, no mutation point were detected except in E. (2) The T continued to increase and were spatially low in the middle and high at both ends in all regions, the alternation of drying and wetting was obvious in each regions as well as the T was complex and changeable in E. The mutation of was not synchronous in each region. (3)The changes of T were more sensitive and changeable than P, the P in CA was inversely correlated with other regions, however, there was a high positive correlation between T in all regions. The inversely correlation between T and P was the most significant in CA.
Theoretical and Experimental Verification of Rheological Characteristics of High Viscosity Municipal Sludge
Authors: Xing Feifei , Hao Ruican , Ji Jun , Lu Lu , Tian Baochuan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
After upgrading the wastewater treatment standard, the effluent quality reached the first class A standard by strengthening the process optimization of biological dephosphorization and denitrification. Taking the sludge treatment project of Shanghai Bamboo Garden as an example, the sludge composition from the fourth plant is compared with the weighted value of the sludge before the upgrading of the standard, and the sludge element content is obviously increased and the sludge viscosity is increased. By kinexus lab+ series of rotary rheometer to test the viscosity of the sample sludge, it is concluded that the viscosity zone of the sample sludge is between 45% and 55% solid content. The rheological test of sludge characterization-viscosity-thixotropy and stacking test standard shows that the viscous zone of sludge is about 40% or more. Herschel-Bulkley model is basically suitable to describe the rheology of sludge in this sample when the solid content is more than 44%. To avoid the sludge viscous zone is the key to design the sludge transport system and the subsequent drying incineration system process parameters in the sludge treatment project of Shanghai Bamboo Garden.
Effect of sugar on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage and Carbonation of Mortar
Authors: Nasser Ibrahim M , Abdullah Siti Radziah , Boon K H , Ibrahim Mohd Haziman Wan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mortar is one of the most common construction materials, used in bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units. This paper presents the experimental investigation on the effect of sugar on setting time of cement and compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation of mortar using composite cement. Different percentages of sugar varying from 0 to 0.08 % by weight of cement was selected as retarder. It was found that the initial and final setting time of composite cement paste increased, with the increase of sugar dosage. The maximum initial and final setting time occurred when sugar content is 0.08 %, where it increased the initial time from 100 minutes to 550 minutes and increased final setting time from 135 minutes to 610 minutes. The compressive strength, drying shrinkage and carbonation specimens were tested at 7, 28, 56, 90, and 150 days. The compressive strength of mortar containing 0.06% sugar increased by 9.25 % at age 150 days compared to control specimens, while the drying shrinkage of mortar was less affected by sugar. The carbonation depth test shows that all specimens are almost the same, with a slight increase in specimens that contain sugar.
Sustainable concrete with scrap tyre: Impact on strength and health
Authors: Suliman Nurul Huda , Zaimi Muhammad Akid , Jamadin Adiza , Alisibramulisi Anizahyati , Ahmad Nursafarina , Salleh Norhafizah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increasing of scrap tyres is unknown to what extent these tyres are disposed of in a way that is environmentally friendly and legal. Therefore, one way should be worked out to reduce scrap tyres and preserving the environment. To relate the issue of achieving enviro mental sustainability with the construction industry, this study was carried out by adopting scrap tyres crumbs replacing coarse aggregates in the concrete mixture called as tyre crumbs concrete (TCC). This study aimed to investigate the compressive strength of TCC and the effect of its use as construction materials, to consumer health. The TCC mixtures were designed in various replacement of coarse aggregate with tyres crumbs of 5%, 10%, and 15% over coarse aggregate volume. All specimens were tested in both material strength and environmental laboratory to determine TCC structural strength and also the hazardous level of TCC to the life health through water quality test. The result of this study found that 10% of the scrap tyres replacement is the most optimum TCC mixture design in which the strength is similar to the control concrete. The environmental test on curing water also found the pH, BOD, and COD gave no harmful substances leaching from the cube specimens. In conclusion, the use of scrap tyres in concrete manufacturing can reach the sustainability of construction resource, environmentally and economically, in line with Sustainability Development Goal 2030, the agenda of the United Nations Development Program.
Application of digital technologies for prevention of accidents in construction of high-rise building projects: A review
Authors: Lakhiar M T , Abdullah A H , Sohu S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Over several decades, the building sector has been regarded as a high-risk sector with a low degree of creativity and a reluctance to adopt change. Likely reasons for building incidents include human misconduct, unsafe work practices, faulty machinery and dangerous working conditions. Furthermore, to have a better and safer operating climate, the company can take advantage of new health and safety technology. This paper seeks to investigate the use of various emerging innovations and how they can be used to improve health and safety in the construction of Highrise building projects. Detailed analysis of literature from previous researchers on new technologies and interventions for construction job site safety such as Virtual Reality (VR), online databases, Building Information Modelling (BIM), RFID, 3D Computer-Aided Design (3D CAD), 4D Computer-Aided Design (4D CAD), wearable robotics, and sensor-based technologies was carried out. It was evidenced from the analysis that not only the utilisation of these new technologies can contribute in improving health and safety in high rise building projects, but also the viability of their implementation in the building industry.
The Utilization of Lapindo Powder as a Material for High Strength Concrete
Authors: Pujianto As’at , Prayuda Hakas , Monika Fanny , Cahyati Martyana Dwi , Zulviandika Fernanda 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study discusses the utilization of Lapindo powder for pozzolan material in the manufacture of high-quality concrete. The existence of Lapindo mud is one of the disasters that destroy many residential areas. This mud is still increasing in volume without being able to be utilized by the community. In terms of its chemical properties of Lapindo mud, processed into a powder, it has no hydration properties when mixed with water, but it can harden naturally. This research has investigated the characteristics of high-quality concrete by utilizing the mud of Lapindo as additional material. The examinations are workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, moisture content, water absorption, and porosity. The specimens were made in a cylindrical shape with a 75 mm diameter with a height of 150 mm. The test results show that Lapoindo powder can be used as additional material to manufacture high-quality concrete. The composition suggested through this study is 10% of the weight of cement. The compressive strength for 10% Lapindo content is 45 MPa at 28 days.
Study on Condition Assessment Metrics based Facilities Condition Index and Building Condition Index
Authors: Anuar Muhd Zubair Tajol , Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents several types of condition assessment metrics that were used by previous literatures. The condition assessment metrics are developed to supports decisionmaking for stakeholders in accomplishing the maintenance priority and proposed budget-driven. These condition assessments have both advantages and disadvantages to support the building infrastructure and asset management. This paper studies two groups of condition indexes which are monetary-derived and engineering-derived approach. Both approaches are well-known methods to determine the condition index of buildings or facilities. Monetary approach involved a facility condition index, FCI. The FCI can be determined through estimation of deferred maintenance listed from basic, intermediate and advanced parameters. On the other hand, the engineering-derived approach is mostly referred to the Building Condition Index, BCI. Findings focused on the critical review from the rating system, conditions and recommendations that have been used by the FCI and the BCI. It was found that the disadvantages of the facility condition index can be improved through the integration of the BCI during the process. The details and quantitative figures that can be determined from the BCI will help an efficient FCI determination. Besides, BCI approach can also be used independently to give fast and first-hand findings on the conditions of buildings or facilities to the stakeholders. In conclusion, an efficient building and asset management can be offered by considerations in combining the BCI and FCI to promotes “best practice” when evaluating the condition assessment due to defects and deteriorations of assets and facilities.
Space planning of classroom kindergarten: A case study of KEMAS kindergartens in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Shahli Fitrynadia Mohd , Wahab Izudinshah Abd , Akasah Zainal Abidin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe numbers of kindergarten in Malaysia boost every year as a learning environment for children as preparation for them to face the next level of education in primary school. Thus, comfortable learning environments are essential to enhance not only well-being but also increase the productivity and learning of the children. Therefore, the importance of organization and utilization of spaces can influence children’s activities and learn. This paper aims to identify the criteria of space planning and the issues of space comfort of the public kindergarten in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. By using a case study as a method, the observation of the classrooms and interviews with the teachers of the kindergarten emphasized the specific space planning applied in public kindergarten. However, some issues are highlighted regarding interior decoration and space arrangement by the occupant. Data obtained hopefully will give some ideas and benefit for the future direction of kindergarten’s teacher, authority, architect, and designer to improve the quality of the physical environment, especially in creating space for children.
Effect On Thermal Properties Of Concrete Containing Micro Steel Fiber (CMSF)
Authors: Ramasamy S , Shahidan S , Tahir M K N M , Manaf A F A , Zuki S S M , Abdullah S R , Azmi M A M , Ali N , Rahim M Abdul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, the improvement of construction materials towards sustainable construction materials had become important. Due to the hot and sunny climate in Malaysia, the consumption on electricity increases. This causes a decrease of comfort in residence. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the thermal properties of concrete containing micro steel fibres (MSF). In this study, a series of concrete cubes that consists of different percentage of MSF (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) was made in order to carry out compression test. Then, a Hot Guarded Box was used to obtain the optimum percentage of MSF in the concrete for thermal conductivity. As a result, the optimum percentage of MSF obtained from the compression test was 0.8% with a reading of 25.7Mpa. While, the optimum percentage of MSF obtained for thermal conductivity 0% with a reading of 0.34 W/mk. As a conclusion, it was proven that the inclusion of MSF in a concrete matrix will increase the thermal conductivity.
Potential mixture cold lava sand and volcanic ash as a concrete admixture
Authors: Susanti R D , Abdulrajak R B , Gowasa J , Siahaan D I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mount Sinabung is a mountain volcano is active that exist in North Sumatra. To minimize the impact that occurs then the ashes of volcanic and sand lava cold can be used as a material replacement in part of cement and aggregate fine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using volcanic ash as a partial substitute for cement and cold lava sand as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength value. Variations of the mixture were made by adding 5%, 7.5%, and 10% at the immersion age of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. The test object used is a cube with a size of 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm. Results of the study showed that the mixture variation 10% by the age of 28 days can be used as an ingredient mixed early concrete because the value of compressive strength approaching normal concrete.
The Effect of Palm Shell as Coarse Aggregate Replacement on Self Compacting Concrete with Different Curing Methods
Authors: Monika Fanny , Prayuda Hakas , Cahyati Martyana Dwi , Syamsi Muhammad Ibnu , Purnomo Arista Dwi Risdiana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A type of concrete that has ability to compact itself without the aid of a vibrator or human labor known as Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). This concrete is suitable for work on concrete structures need great effort to be compacted manually. The aim of this research is to study about the effect of replacing coarse aggregate using palm kernel shell waste. The variation of the shells used were 40%; 50% and 60% of the coarse aggregate volume. The utilization of palm shell waste was expected to reduce the use of natural resources as the primary material for concrete and utilize waste optimally. The tests consist of fresh and hardened properties. Fresh properties test was one of the mandatory requirements that must be perform on self-compacting concrete. There are several fresh properties test consisted of slump flow, T-50, J-Ring, V-Funnel and L-Box. Meanwhile, the hardened properties test was carried out in compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. Hardened properties testing was performed when the specimens were 3, 7, 28 and 56 days old. The curing process is carried out until the concrete was seven days old with a method consisting of sealed curing, moist curing, water curing, air curing and oven curing. The highest compressive strength and tensile strength for sealed curing, oven curing, moist curing and air curing methods were found in the palm shell variation of 60%, while in the water curing method the highest compressive strength was in the palm shell with a variation of 40% and the highest tensile strength was in the palm shell with 0% variation.
The Development of New Generation of Manikin for Outdoor Thermal Comfort Evaluation – A Literature Review
Authors: Kelundapyan R , Zakaria M A , Segaran V C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a challenge to human in the following decade as a result of continuous urbanization without appropriate planning and design. The impacts of UHI will getting worse due to the increase of population density with improper urban development especially in dense metropolitan cities. In the point of view of outdoor thermal comfort, a prolonged exposure to the outdoor heat will significantly contribute to human discomfort and health problems. Therefore, various research efforts have been implemented for developing solutions the mitigation strategies. The development of thermal manikin is one of mitigation effort to investigate the occurrence of UHI and to evaluate thermal comfort in microclimate conditions as representative of human simulation model. Hence, the aim of this paper is focused on the consideration that are required to develop a thermal manikin for outdoor thermal comfort assessment which include outdoor thermal comfort index, development of thermal manikin and material for thermal manikin for outdoor thermal comfort assessment.
Optimization of Cuttlefish Bone Towards Compressive Strength of Foam Concrete
Authors: Hasan D , Endut M Z , Azree F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Development and testing of other foam concrete materials, as well as the inclusion of a marine-based filler, cuttlefish bone powder, may be one of the most advanced products suitable for cementitious materials to be added in concrete to provide a sustainable environmentally friendly alternative solution on construction industry in Malaysia. Cuttlefish bone will have some advantages and benefits in foam concrete since it contains high amounts of calcium carbonate, which is believed can improve the concrete’s strength and encourage foam concrete to achieve an early strength. The objectives of this research is to determine the optimum percentage of cuttlefish bone additive towards increasing the strength properties of foam concrete. In this research, there were 42 foam concrete cube samples prepared, each group of samples containing different amounts of cuttlefish bone additive (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). All the samples were tested for compressive strength at 1, 3, and 7 days of age. According to the findings, an improvement in the foam concrete when the cuttlefish bone additive content from 1% to 4% added which result in the enhancement of the behavior of foam concrete. In addition, this research reveals that cuttlefish bone additive has better characteristics to normal OPC, making it an effective addition to concrete.
Performance of square steel tubular stub columns in-filled with fly ash and silica fume self-compacting concrete under concentric loading
Authors: Sulaiman Arizu , Mustapha Falmata Audu , Mohamed Roslli Noor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column is a composite member comprising of structural hollow steel tube and concrete core. This paper evaluates the effect of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) on square CFST stub columns’ behavior under concentric loading. The self-compacting concrete (SCC) grade used is M60 with the addition of 50% FA and 10% SF as a partial replacement of Portland cement. The performances of the fly ash-silica fume selfcompacting (FSS) CFST columns are examined through the axial compression capacity, the load-shortening response, and the failure mode of stub columns. The axial load of the FSS CFST columns is compared with the international design codes to validate the available design codes’ accuracy. The results yield that the FSS CFST columns’ ultimate axial load capacities range between 1408.80 kN and 808.70 kN, while the reference CFST columns’ capacities range between 1332.80 kN and 789.20 kN. FSS concrete improves the concrete contribution ratio and strength index of the square CFST stub columns. However, reference CFST columns demonstrate better ductility than FSS CFST columns. This is attributed to the brittleness of the FSS concrete. All the square CFST stub columns fail via local buckling. Eurocode 4 slightly over predicts the square CFST columns’ ultimate capacity by an average of 4.58%. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) code, on the other hand, over predicts the axial capacity of the CFST stub columns by an average of 17.46%.