bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance and Direction of Retained Root Migration After Lower Third Molar Coronectomy
Authors: Niyomthai Prattana , Vorakulpipat Chakorn , Manosuthi Pattamawan , Waikakul Aurasa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study evaluated the pattern of root migration following coronectomy of the mandibular third molar in terms of distance, degree of direction, and relevant factors related to root migration. Methods: This retrospective study included 50 coronectomies in 44 patients with at least 1-year follow-up. Panoramic radiographs were taken pre-operatively, within 2 weeks after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. Multiple factors are possibly related to root migration, so we analyzed sex, age, tooth, figure of root, residual bone height, and also as Winter’s and Pell& Gregory classification with respect to angulation, class, and position of tooth. Results: Over the first three months after the coronectomies, all retained roots moved and/or changed their root axis. The respective mean distance of retained root migration in the horizontal (C1), coronal (C2), and oblique (C3) direction during the first year post-operatively was 3.14 ± 1.86 mm, 2.42 ± 1.61 mm, and 3.45 ±1.76 mm. The mean (±SD) root axis change was 11.26 ± 5.55 degrees. The significant influencing factors related to root migration were sex, age, and in particular tooth angulation (GEE: P<0.05). The mesio- and horizontal angulation (M, H) group migrated significantly further horizontally forward (C1) over time than the vertical (V) and distoangulation (D) group. The V, D group showed significantly greater coronal migration (C2) (P=0.05) than the M, H group. The V, D group had only mesial rotation. Conclusion: These findings could contribute to evaluation and/or planning for root removal.
The Impact Of Sleep, Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviour On Symptoms of Depression And Anxiety Before And During The COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lewis Raphaella , Roden Laura C. , Scheuermaier Karine , Gomez-Olive Francesc X. , Rae Dale E. , Iacovides S , Bentley Alison , Davy Jonathan P. , Christie Candice J. , Zschernack Swantje , Roche Johanna , Lipinska Gosia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During lockdowns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals have experienced changes in sleep and lifestyle behaviours, and heightened depression and anxiety. However, the inter-relationship and relative strength of those behaviours on mental health outcomes is still unknown. Using structural equation modelling, we investigated how insomnia symptoms, sleep regularity, exercise intensity/frequency and sitting/screen-use (sedentary screen-use) interacted to predict depressive and anxiety-related symptoms before and during lockdown in 1048 South African adults (median age: 27y; n = 767 female; n = 473 students). We also controlled for the effects of sex and student status. Irrespective of lockdown, (a) more severe symptoms of insomnia and greater sedentary screen-use predicted greater symptoms of depression and anxiety and (b) the effects of sedentary screen-use on mental health outcomes were mediated by insomnia. The effects of physical activity on mental health outcomes, however, were only significant during lockdown. Low physical activity was associated with greater insomnia symptom severity, which in turn was associated with increased depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Overall, relationships between the study variables and mental health outcomes were amplified during lockdown. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining physical activity and reducing sedentary screen-use to promote better sleep and mental health.
Carriage and Antibiogram of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus among Admitted Patients of a Surgical Ward in A Tertiary Hospital, South Western Uganda
Authors: Benson Musinguzi , Mugimba Pross , Baguma Andrew , Itabangi Herbert , Bazira Joel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial infections affecting post-surgery patients. Antimicrobial resistance prolongs the duration of hospitalization. We sought to determine the MRSA carriage among patients admitted to surgical ward in a tertiary hospital in South Western Uganda. Methods: Total of 46 participants were included in the study, swabbed at four different sites: nares, hands, perineum and surgical wound site. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done by standard conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using disk diffusion method, except for Vancomycin were MIC was used as per CLSI guidelines. Using these results, prevalence of MRSA was determined. The on admission were followed up for 7days to determine the incidence of MRSA. Site carriage rate of MRSA was determined using drug susceptibility test (DST) test results. Questionnaire was used to collect data on factors associated with MRSA. Results: The prevalence of MRSA carriage at admission was 18/46 (39.1%). Among patients who were MRSA negative at admission, the incidence of MRSA carriage during hospitalization was13/26 (50%). Of the 122 S. aureus isolates, resistance to Oxacillin was 55(45.1%), Ciprofloxacin 50(41.0%), Ceftriaxone 46(37.7%), Methicillin 44(36.1%), Levofloxacin 39(32.0), Imipenem 13(10.7%) and Vancomycin 3(2.5%). The site with the highest carriage rate was the Nares 16/77 (20.8%), Hands 14/77(18.2%), Perineum 15/77(19.5%), surgical wound site 9/77(11.7%). 80% of the isolates were MDR. The factors measured were not statistically associated to MRSA carriage outcome. Conclusion: There was high MRSA carriage among patients on surgical ward. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics was high, 80% of the isolates were MDR. Therefore, there is the need for continuous surveillance to monitor aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in order to guide the empirical use of antimicrobials. Sex was the only factor associated with MRSA carriage. Further studies should be done to fully assess factors associated to MRSA.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Bivariate Statistical Models and GIS in Chattagram District, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Sharafat , Hafsa Bibi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study attempts to produce Landslide Susceptibility Map for Chattagram District of Bangladesh by using five GIS based bivariate statistical models, namely the Frequency Ratio (FR), Shanon’s Entropy (SE), Weight of Evidence (WofE), Information Value (IV) and Certainty Factor (CF). A secondary landslide inventory database was used to correlate the previous landslides with the landslide conditioning factors. Sixteen landslide conditioning factors of Slope Aspect, Slope Angle, Geology, Elevation, Plan Curvature, Profile Curvature, General Curvature, Topographic Wetness Index, Stream Power Index, Sediment Transport Index, Topographic Roughness Index, Distance to Stream, Distance to Anticline, Distance to Fault, Distance to Road and NDVI were used. The Area Under Curve (AUC) was used for validation of the LSMs. The predictive rate of AUC for FR, SE, WofE, IV and CF were 76.11%, 70.11%, 78.93%, 76.57% and 80.43% respectively. CF model indicates 15.04% of areas are highly susceptible to landslide. All the models showed that the high elevated areas are more susceptible to landslide where the low-lying river basin areas have a low probability of landslide occurrence. The findings of this research will contribute to land use planning, management and hazard mitigation of the CHT region.
A Novel 3d Printed Curved Monopole Microstrip Antenna Design for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Biçer Mustafa Berkan , Aydın Emine Avşar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel and compact monopole microstrip antenna (MA) design with a three-dimensional (3D) printed curved substrate for biomedical applications. A curved substrate was formed by inserting a semi-cylinder structure in the middle of the planar substrate consisting of polylactic acid (PLA). The antenna was fed with a microstrip line, and a partial ground plane was formed at the bottom side of the substrate. The copper plane with two triangular slots is arranged on the curved semi-cylinder structure of the substrate. The physical dimensions of the radiating plane and ground plane were optimally determined with the use of the sparrow search algorithm (SpaSA) to provide a wide -10 dB bandwidth between 3 GHz and 12 GHz. A total of six microstrip antennas having different parameters related to physical dimensions were designed and simulated to compare the performance of the proposed antenna with the help of full-wave electromagnetic simulation software called CST Microwave Studio. The proposed curved antenna was fabricated, and a PNA network analyzer was used to measure the S11 of the proposed antenna. It was demonstrated that the measured S11 covers the desired frequency range.
Grazing Intensity Changed The Activities of Nitrogen Assimilation Related Enzymes In Desert Steppe Plants
Authors: Zhu Aimin , Han Guodong , Liu Haili , Wang Yuehua 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The study on nitrogen assimilation mechanism of grazing grassland plants is of great significance to reveal the law of nutrient absorption and utilization of grassland vegetation. Methods: This study took Stipa breviflora desert steppe which was grazed for 17 years as the research object, and sampled the root system, leaf and rhizosphere soil of constructive species Stipa breviflora under the treatments of no grazing, light grazing, moderate grazing and heavy grazing during the peak growing season. The activities of enzymes related to nitrogen assimilation in roots and leaves were measured, and the related factors affecting nitrogen content were analyzed. Results: The results showed that heavy grazing significantly increased the total nitrogen content in the root system of Stipa breviflora, but decreased the total nitrogen content in the leaves, and the performance of grazing prohibition was consistent with that of heavy grazing; The activities of Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were stronger under light or moderate grazing. Under grazing prohibition and heavy grazing, the content of proline in roots and leaves of Stipa breviflora increased significantly, especially in leaves; NR, GS, GOT and GPT were significantly correlated with total nitrogen content in roots and leaves of Stipa breviflora. Conclusions: Grazing prohibition and heavy grazing were not conducive to the nitrogen absorption and utilization of Stipa breviflora, which was closely related to the reduction of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere soil of Stipa breviflora by grazing. Grazing prohibition and heavy grazing affected the nitrogen content of Stipa breviflora by affecting the activities of related enzymes in the process of nitrogen assimilation of roots and leaves.
Ghrelin Treatment Induces Rapid and Delayed Increments of Food Intake: A Heuristic Model to Explain Ghrelin’s Orexigenic Effects
Authors: Cornejo Maria Paula , Denis Raphael , Romero Guadalupe Garcia , Fernandez Gimena , Reynaldo Mirta , Luquet Serge , Perello Mario 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide hormone with salient roles in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism. Notably, ghrelin is recognized as the most powerful known circulating orexigenic hormone. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of ghrelin on energy homeostasis and found that ghrelin primarily induces a biphasic effect on food intake that has indirect consequences on energy expenditure and nutrient partitioning. We also found that ghrelin-induced biphasic effect on food intake requires the integrity of Agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide Y-producing neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH), which seem to display a long-lasting activation after a single systemic injection of ghrelin. Finally, we found that different autonomic, hormonal and metabolic satiation signals transiently counteract ghrelin-induced food intake. Based on our observations, we propose a heuristic model to describe how the orexigenic effect of ghrelin and the anorectic food intake-induced rebound sculpt a timely constrain feeding response to ghrelin.
Comparison of the BOPPPS Model and Traditional Instructional Approaches in Thoracic Surgery Teaching
Authors: Hu Kang , Ma Rui-Jie , Ma Chao , Zheng Qing-Kang , Sun Zhi-Gang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionBOPPPS (bridge-in, learning objective, pretest, participatory learning, posttest, and summary) is a student-centered modular teaching model that improves classroom teaching effectiveness. This study's primary aim was to explore whether the BOPPPS model has advantages over traditional instructional approaches in teaching lung cancer courses to clinical medical interns.MethodsA total of 88 students majoring in clinical medicine of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong University, who had clinical practice in thoracic surgery from January 2018 to December 2019, were divided into two groups, receiving the same lung cancer teaching content. The experimental group (n=44) utilized the BOPPPS model, while the control group (n=44) used the traditional instructional approach. A questionnaire was used to attain the students’ satisfaction and self-evaluation of the course, and a post-study examination was used to assess end-of-course performance. ResultsThe experimental group's theoretical examination scores with the BOPPPS teaching model were significantly higher than those in the control group. Students can recognize the BOPPPS model more than the traditional instructional approach in course satisfaction, student-teacher interaction, learning initiative, analytical ability, clinical thinking ability, and self-study ability (p<0.05). ConclusionsCompared with the traditional instructional approach. The BOPPPS model can better inspire clinical medical students' enthusiasm for thoracic surgery and enhance the students' comprehensive ability. In a word, the BOPPPS model has better teaching effectiveness in the clinical teaching practice of thoracic surgery, which is worthy of reference and popularization.
Feasibility of Duodenal Covered Self-Expandable Metal Stent Fixation: A Pilot Study (With Video)
Authors: Hori Yasuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Naitoh Itaru , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Natsume Makoto , Yoshida Michihiro , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Migration of duodenal covered self-expandable metal stents (C-SEMSs) is the main cause of stent dysfunction in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO). Because endoscopic SEMS placement is frequently selected in patients with poor performance status, we concurrently focused on the safety of the treatment. This pilot study included 15 consecutive patients with mGOO who underwent duodenal C-SEMS placement with fixation using an over-the-scope-clip (OTSC). Technical feasibility, clinical success for oral intake estimated by the Gastric Outlet Obstruction Scoring System (GOOSS) score, and adverse events including stent migration were assessed. All procedures were successful, and clinical success was achieved in 86.7% (13/15). Mean GOOSS scores were improved from 0.07 to 2.53 after the procedure (P < 0.001). Stent migration occurred in one case (6.7%) with no other adverse events. For fixation using an OTSC, additional time required for the procedure was 8.9 ± 4.1 minutes. Poor performance status was associated with clinical success (P = 0.03), but we could provide the treatment safely and reduce mGOO symptoms even in patients with poor performance status. In conclusion, duodenal C-SEMS fixation using an OTSC is feasible for preventing stent migration in patients with mGOO including those with poor performance status.
Radiographic Outcomes of Treatment of Complex Femoral Shaft Fractures by Intramedullary Nailing: A Retrospective Analysis of Different Techniques
Authors: Chen Yu-Hung , Lin Shang Ming , Chang Chih-Hung , Lan Tsung-Yu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether the outcomes of femoral diaphyseal fractures (AO/OTA/32-C) were dependent on the treatment technique (closed vs. open reduction and internal ﬁxation with an interlocking nail).This retrospective study was conducted at a level III trauma center. A total of 47 consecutive patients with femoral diaphyseal fractures (AO/OTA/32-C) were included. All patients underwent reduction and fixation and were divided into two groups according to the surgical techniques used: closed reduction and open reduction groups. The radiographic union score of the femur, mean union time, re-operation rate, and complication rate were assessed.ResultsAt 12 postoperative months, the union rate was 80.76% in the open reduction group and 82.35% in the closed reduction group; however, the difference was not significant (p=0.787). The rate of anatomical-to-small gaps was 96.15% and 47.05% in the open and closed reduction groups, respectively (p=0.01). The radiographic union score of the femur at 6 postoperative months (9.30 vs. 7.76, p=0.02) and postoperative months (9.94 vs. 10.80, p=0.03) was significantly higher in the open reduction group. Further, the required time to union in the open reduction group was significantly shorter (7.39 vs. 9.18 months, p=0.025). The difference in the need for revision surgery was not significant between the two groups (19.23% vs. 23.52%, p=0.964). ConclusionsCompared to closed reduction, intramedullary nailing of severe comminuted femoral shaft fractures with open reduction has similar outcomes and carries no increased risk of complications. Surgeons should consider open reduction if the outcomes of closed reduction are not satisfactory. This will aid in restoring anatomical reduction, enable primary bone grafting, and result in an optimal union rate, better strength of union, and shorter time to union.
Subcutaneously Delivered Nano-Insulin Drug as Label Free Nanotheranostic
Authors: Say Rıdvan , Şenat Almila , Ünlüer Özlem Biçen , Akyüz Fahrettin , Ersöz Arzu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, it has aimed to understand the relationship between purified insulin and insulin receptor, also nanoinsulin and insulin receptors. The insulin receptor has separated from rat liver using a cryogel column material that is photosensitively insulin cross-linked in the Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) system based on the affinity between insulin and insulin receptor. In the second step, an isolated insulin receptor has used to synthesize insulin receptor cross-linked cryogels for purifying insulin from rats. Subcutaneously delivered nano-insulin drug has prepared from the purified insulin using AmiNoAcid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method. Lastly, Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) study has performed to understand the interaction between purified insulin receptor and purified insulin, commercial insulin analog, and nano insulin. These studies have demonstrated that nano-insulin drugs can be effectively used as a theranostic platform to monitor affinity and blocking interactions of nanoprotein drug and its receptor.
Does Psychological Distress Interact With Patients’ Illness and Treatment Perceptions to Predict Adherence to Dietary Recommendation Among Persons With T2DM in Ghana? A Facility Based Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Doglikuu Be-Ikuu , Abubakari Abdulai , Yaseri Mehdi , Shakibazadeh Elham , Djazayery Abolghassem , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Psychological distress is a pervasive condition that interacts with other factors to influence adherence to treatment regimens, yet information-gap exists on how psychological-distress interact with Type-2-Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients’ perceptions about their disease state and treatment benefits for adherence to dietary-recommendation. This study therefore investigates how T2DM patients’ psychological-distress interacts with perception about disease state and treatment benefits for adherence to dietary-recommendation. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-study was conducted among 530 T2DM patients at six health-facilities in Ghana. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographics data, and Health Belief Model (HBM) questionnaires used to assess perceived-beliefs. Perceived-Dietary-Adherence-Questionnaire (PDAQ) for T2DM patients was used to assess adherence to dietary-recommendation. SPSS version-22 was used in data analysis.Results: Weight, diabetes-duration, total-cholesterol, HbA1c and fasting-blood-sugar were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendation (P-value <0.05). Perceived-Susceptibility, Perceived-Benefit and Perceived-Cue to action were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendations (P-value <0.05). After adjusting for confounders, interaction between low-psychological-distress and moderately-perceive-susceptibility[Adjusted Odd ratio(Adj.OR: 0.21, 95% confidence interval CI:1.18, 9.83); interaction between high-psychological-distress and moderately-perceived-susceptibility (Adj.OR: 4.49, 95% CI: 1.41, 14.28); interaction between low-psychological distress and highly-perceived-benefit (Adj.OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.30, 6.62); interaction between low-psychological-distress and moderately-perceived-barriers (Adj. OR: 4.79, 95% CI: 1.82, 12.60) and interaction between moderate-psychological-distress and highly-perceived-cue to action (Adj. OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.36, 4.50) were statistically significant for adherence to dietary-recommendations. Conclusion: Psychological-distress can interact with patients’ perceptions for adherence to dietary recommendation. Therefore, health care workers globally should be mindful of this and offer professional care.
An Integrated Model of Pathological Complete Response and Postoperative CEA Predicts Survival and Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ye Shu-Biao , Chen Dong-Wen , Li Pei-Si , Lin Zhen-Sen , Long Jia-Hui , Cheng Yi-Kan , Lan Ping 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:

Pathological complete response (pCR) and postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) respectively represent pathological and biological response to treatment and prognostic indictors for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the prognostic significance of integrated pCR and postoperative CEA model is rarely investigated.
Methods:

This big-data intelligence platform-based cohort biomarker study extracted clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative CEA of 919 locally advanced (clinical stage II-III) rectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment from 6125 cases between April 2011 through September 2018 at Sun Yat-sen University, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital. An integrated model was constructed using pCR combined with the cut-off value of postoperative CEA generated from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The model stratified locally advanced rectal cancer patients into four groups.
Results:

Both pathological response-pCR and biological response-postoperative CEA were independent prognostic indicators. In all patients, the 3-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (70.0%) and disease-free survival (DFS) (64.8%) rates were significantly lower in patients without pCR and postoperative CEA > 2.78 ng/ml (all p values < 0.05). Among patients treated with < 3 months of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), all others had higher 3-year DMFS and DFS rates. Among patients receiving ≥ 3 months of ACT, those without pCR had similar 3-year DMFS rates regardless of postoperative CEA level.
Conclusions:

The response integrated model with pCR and postoperative CEA not just effectively predict DMFS and DFS in locally advanced rectal cancer patients, but also was a predictive tool to potentially modify the optimal duration of ACT for locally advanced rectal cancer patients.