bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatophyten‐Infektionen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen in Deutschland – eine retrospektive multizentrische Studie
Authors: Kromer Christian , Celis Daniel , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Zampeli Vasiliki A. , Mößner Rotraut , Lippert Undine 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungDermatophyten‐Infektionen der Haut und der Nägel sind weltweit verbreitet, sie unterscheiden sich je nach geographischer Region und verändern sich im Laufe der Zeit. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das epidemiologische Profil von Dermatophyten in Deutschland zu erfassen, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf dem Vergleich von Kindern und Erwachsenen lag.Patienten und MethodikFür diese retrospektive multizentrische Studie wurden die Befunde mykologischer Dermatophytenkulturen aus dem Zeitraum 01/2014 bis 12/2016 nach identifiziertem Erreger, Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten sowie Krankheitsbild ausgewertet.ErgebnisseVon 1136 Infektionen (Kinder: n = 88, Erwachsene: n = 1.048) wurden 50,8 % klinisch als Onychomykose klassifiziert, gefolgt von Tinea pedis (34,6 %), Tinea corporis (16,2 %), Tinea manus (16,2 %), Tinea capitis (2,5 %) und Tinea faciei (1,2 %). Der häufigste Erreger war Trichophyton (T.) rubrum (78,6 %), gefolgt von T. interdigitale (14,3 %), T. benhamiae (3,2 %), T. mentagrophytes (2,1 %) und Microsporum canis (1,7 %). Das Erregerspektrum unterschied sich insbesondere bei Tinea corporis und Tinea capitis zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen mit einem breiteren Erregerspektrum bei den Kindern. Nur selten wurde Trichophyton tonsurans als Ursache für Tinea corporis (2,7 %) oder Tinea capitis (3,3 %) identifiziert.SchlussfolgerungenFür die optimale Auswahl eines geeigneten Therapieregimes sollten die Unterschiede bei den Erregern und der Häufigkeit von Pilzinfektionen zwischen den Altersgruppen berücksichtigt werden.
Psychosocial impact of genetic testing on parents of children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Nevin Suzanne M , Wakefield Claire E , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , McGill Brittany C , Bye Ann , Palmer Elizabeth E ,   Children's Hospital At Westmead Neurology Group,   Cogenes Group
Published: July 2021

AimTo investigate the psychosocial impact of genetic testing for childhood‐onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) in order to identify parents’ information and support needs.MethodIn this mixed‐methods study, we conducted in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with parents (n=25) of children, recruited from the Sydney Children’s Hospital Network, Australia, who had received genetic testing. Thematic saturation was reached; interviews were transcribed, deidentified, line‐by‐line coded, and thematically analysed by three coders, using an inductive approach. We also quantitatively assessed the impact of genetic testing on quality of life outcomes and parents’ satisfaction with genetics services.ResultsQualitative and quantitative analysis revealed that compassionate genetic counselling and consistent clinician–parent partnerships facilitated parents’ capacity to process their child’s genetic diagnosis. Parents believed that a sparsity of diagnosis‐specific information to contextualize their child’s genetic DEE, combined with limited psychosocial resources to support coping with ongoing prognostic uncertainty, contributed to chronic psychological stress. Access to diagnosis‐specific resources and peer support was considered necessary to support parents in communicating their child’s genetic DEE and to reduce social isolation.InterpretationIntegrated psychosocial resources, including tailored psychological supports, diagnosis‐specific information, and peer‐to‐peer supports, are priority areas to complement genetic services.
Schooling's Relative Nonautonomy: Technocratically Subordinated Schooling and Desublimated Education
Authors: Hayden Matthew J. , Harman William Gregory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEducation's autonomy cannot be found in schooling. For a theory of education to also adequately support education's autonomy, it must decouple itself from schooling since schooling is a technology of efficiency and acculturation that serves technocratic interests that strip autonomy from education. Using Christer Fritzell's examination of relative autonomy of schools, Matthew Hayden and William Gregory Harman will show that the ideological domination of schooling by technocratic interests structurally and functionally subordinates schooling. This subordination takes the form of technocratic operationalization of education concepts and schooling practices, resulting in the desublimation of learning. Hayden and Harman conclude that resublimation is required in order to restore the possibility of education's autonomy in schooling.
Philosophy's Voices in Teaching, and Teachers' Voices in Philosophy: Notes on a Philosophical Conversation
Authors: Hansen David T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this article, David T. Hansen addresses a two‐year‐long philosophical conversation he initiated with a group of dedicated public school teachers who work in a metropolitan setting. The conversation was part of a larger inquiry pivoting around the questions of what it means to be a person in the world today, and what it means to be a person in the role of teacher. Hansen describes the character of the conversation, including its difficult moments, and elucidates the educational values it both surfaced and generated. He shows how philosophical conversation can amplify teachers' voices, and how their perspectives enrich and enhance philosophy. The author also illuminates how philosophical conversation helps disclose the ethical primacy of dignity in teaching and in being a teacher. Hansen argues that the recognition of voice and dignity remain crucial as a counterpoise to the heavy hand of utilitarian ideologies in today's educational landscape.
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging reveals tract‐specific microstructural correlates of electrophysiological impairments in non‐myelopathic and myelopathic spinal cord compression
Authors: Valošek Jan , Labounek René , Horák Tomáš , Horáková Magda , Bednařík Petr , Keřkovský Miloš , Kočica Jan , Rohan Tomáš , Lenglet Christophe , Cohen‐Adad Julien , Hluštík Petr , Vlčková Eva , Kadaňka Zdeněk , Bednařík Josef , Svatkova Alena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeNon‐myelopathic degenerative cervical spinal cord compression (NMDC) frequently occurs throughout aging and may progress to potentially irreversible degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Whereas standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrophysiological measures assess compression severity and neurological dysfunction, respectively, underlying microstructural deficits still have to be established in NMDC and DCM patients. The study aims to establish tract‐specific diffusion MRI markers of electrophysiological deficits to predict the progression of asymptomatic NMDC to symptomatic DCM.MethodsHigh‐resolution 3 T diffusion MRI was acquired for 103 NMDC and 21 DCM patients compared to 60 healthy controls to reveal diffusion alterations and relationships between tract‐specific diffusion metrics and corresponding electrophysiological measures and compression severity. Relationship between the degree of DCM disability, assessed by the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale, and tract‐specific microstructural changes in DCM patients was also explored.ResultsThe study identified diffusion‐derived abnormalities in the gray matter, dorsal and lateral tracts congruent with trans‐synaptic degeneration and demyelination in chronic degenerative spinal cord compression with more profound alterations in DCM than NMDC. Diffusion metrics were affected in the C3‐6 area as well as above the compression level at C3 with more profound rostral deficits in DCM than NMDC. Alterations in lateral motor and dorsal sensory tracts correlated with motor and sensory evoked potentials, respectively, whereas electromyography outcomes corresponded with gray matter microstructure. DCM disability corresponded with microstructure alteration in lateral columns.ConclusionsOutcomes imply the necessity of high‐resolution tract‐specific diffusion MRI for monitoring degenerative spinal pathology in longitudinal studies.
Factors affecting breastfeeding in women with epilepsy
Authors: Al‐Faraj Abrar O. , Pandey Samiksha , Herlihy Mary M. , Pang Trudy D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare rates of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance in women with epilepsy (WWE) with those of the general population and to identify factors affecting breastfeeding patterns in WWE.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data for the following variables in pregnant WWE (n = 102) and healthy women without epilepsy (n = 112): demographic characteristics (age, race, ethnicity), epilepsy type (focal or generalized onset), antiseizure medication(s), psychiatric comorbidities, postpartum seizure control, breastfeeding counseling, and lactation consultation. Fisher exact test and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation in pregnant WWE with those of healthy pregnant women and to determine factors associated with rates of breastfeeding initiation and maintenance.ResultsThe rate of breastfeeding initiation in WWE was significantly lower than in healthy women without epilepsy (50.9% vs. 87.6%), and WWE were less likely to maintain breastfeeding at 6 weeks (38.2%) and 3 months (36%) postpartum. Nearly half (53%) of WWE received antepartum breastfeeding counseling by their neurologists, and these women had higher odds of breastfeeding initiation and continuation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–5.72, p = .02). Postpartum consultation with a board‐certified lactation consultant was associated with higher odds of breastfeeding continuation at 6 weeks (OR = 5.43, 95% CI = 1.39–27.23, p = .02) and at 3 months (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 1.34–20.87, p = .019). Women taking levetiracetam were more likely to initiate and continue breastfeeding than those taking lamotrigine (OR = 6.22, 95% CI = 2.15–20.20, p = .001).SignificanceThe initiation rate and duration of breastfeeding were significantly lower in WWE than in healthy women without epilepsy and were significantly associated with several factors. Identification of potential barriers to breastfeeding in WWE may lead to development of intervention strategies that can improve breastfeeding rates in WWE to maximize positive health outcomes for WWE and their infants.
False cheilitis (fausse cheilitis) as a clinical manifestation of oral secondary syphilis
Authors: Gilligan Gerardo , Leonardi Nicolás , Garola Federico , Sanfedele Agustina , Beltramo Agostina , Panico René , Piemonte Eduardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSyphilis is the oldest sexually transmitted infectious disease in humanity. In the last decades, it was noted the re‐emergence of the disease, and actually it remains an important public health problem. Oral mucosa could be affected by the infection. Oral manifestations are commonly associated with secondary syphilis. It was described that the labial commissure could be involved as a split papule, also known as false cheilitis (FC). However, this clinical manifestation is poorly described in current literature.AimThis brief report aims to determine the frequency of FC in patients diagnosed with secondary syphilis in our institution during the period 2009‐2019.Material & MethodsA cross‐sectional retrospective study was conducted using the medical records of the Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. The cases included were patients with provisional diagnosis of secondary syphilis with oral manifestations, confirmed by laboratory tests. Collection of clinical and serological data was performed. Absolute and relative values were obtained.ResultsIn this study, 58 patients (26 males and 32 females) with an average age of 34.70 years old were included. The frequency of false cheilitis in these patients was 13% (8/58). All these patients with false cheilitis and secondary syphilis were young females with an average age of 25.12 years old. These lesions presented as angular cheilitis with an unilateral pattern with painful fissured papules associated with other oral lesions such as fissures, intraoral papules, tongue depapillation, white or red plaques, and the evidence of submandibular lymphadenopathies when examining the head and neck region.ConclusionOur findings suggest that when angular cheilitis presents in young females as a painful, unilateral lesion, in the clinical context of other lesions and lymphadenopathies in the head and neck region, it could represent a suspicious clinical sign of syphilis. Considering the global re‐emergence of sexually transmitted diseases, dentists should be aware of the oral clinical manifestations of syphilis as they play a significant role in the early detection of these conditions.
Effects of the addition of exogenous lipase on lipolysis and lipid oxidation during wet‐curing and dry‐ripening of silver carp inoculated with mixed starter cultures
Authors: Wang Caixia , Sang Shengwang , Qian Dengfan , Jian Yuying , He Xin , Li Xiyuan , Li Cheng , Liu Yuntao , Chen Saiyan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryLipid degradation caused by lipolysis and oxidation plays an important role in the evolution of final product quality of cured silver carp. This study aimed to determine the impact of exogenous lipase (ExL) on lipolysis and lipid oxidation during the wet‐curing and dry‐ripening of silver carp inoculated with mixed starter cultures. The addition of ExL to silver carp increased the hydrolysis of total lipids and phospholipids. The free fatty acids (FFAs) content during wet‐curing was significantly higher in the ExL‐treated group compared with the control. Increased FFA accumulation contributed to a high level of conjugated dienes, peroxides and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in the ExL‐treated group, indicating that the lipid oxidation was improved by the addition of ExL. Increased neutral lipase, acid lipase and phospholipase activities during the wet‐curing stage might explain the more extensive release of FFAs in the presence of ExL. The addition of ExL promotes the hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids in cured silver carp.
Effect of innovative food processing technologies on microbiological quality, colour and texture of fresh‐cut potato during storage
Authors: Procaccini Luz Milagros García , Mu Taihua , Sun Hongnan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe objective of this work was to find the optimal conditions that extend the shelf life of fresh‐cut potatoes using innovative food processing technologies. Potato cultivar, Longshu No. 10, was treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) with 200 MPa (HHP 200) for 2, 6 and 10 min, and HHP with 400 MPa (HHP 400) for 1, 2 and 6 min; electrolysed water with pH 5.2 (EW 5.2) for 2, 5 and 10 min of soaking; and ultrasonic (US) with 200 W (US 200) for 5 and 10 min, and US with 500 W (US 500) for 5, 10 and 15 min. Microbiological quality, colour and textural changes and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were determined during 12 days of storage at 4 °C. Processing technologies showed an effect on reducing the microbial load of fresh‐cut potatoes with respect to control. EW (5 min) and US (500 W for 15 min) were the best treatments in terms of colour, and these treatments did not modify the texture of the fresh‐cut potato, which make them promising for extending the shelf life of fresh‐cut potatoes. Also, the US treatment showed the lowest PPO activity.
Laboratory evaluation and prognostication among adults and children with CEBPA‐mutant acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mendoza Hadrian , Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Siddon Alexa J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCEBPA‐mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses clinically and biologically distinct subtypes of AML in both adults and children. CEBPA‐mutant AML may occur with monoallelic (moCEBPA) or biallelic (biCEBPA) mutations, which can be somatic or germline, with each entity impacting prognosis in unique ways. BiCEBPA AML is broadly associated with a favorable prognosis, but differences in the type and location of CEBPA mutations as well as the presence of additional leukemogenic mutations can lead to heterogeneity in survival. Concurrent FLT3‐ITD mutations have a well‐documented negative effect on survival in adult biCEBPA AML, whereas support for a negative prognostic effect of mutations in TET2, DNMT3A, WT1, CSF3R, ASXL1, and KIT is mixed. NPM1 and GATA2 mutations may have a positive prognostic impact. MoCEBPA AML has similar survival outcomes compared to AML with wild‐type CEBPA, and risk stratification is determined by other cytogenetic and molecular findings. Germline CEBPA mutations may lead to familial biCEBPA AML after acquisition of second somatic CEBPA mutation, with variable penetrance and age. BiCEBPA AML in children is likely a favorable‐risk diagnosis as it is in adults, but the role of a single CEBPA mutation and the impact of concurrent leukemogenic mutations are not clear in this population. Laboratory evaluation of the CEBPA gene includes PCR‐based fragment‐length analysis, Sanger sequencing, and next‐generation sequencing. Phenotypic analysis using multiparameter flow cytometry can also provide additional data in evaluating CEBPA, helping to assess for the likelihood of mutation presence.
Machine learning in health care and laboratory medicine: General overview of supervised learning and Auto‐ML
Authors: Rashidi Hooman H. , Tran Nam , Albahra Samer , Dang Luke T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have now spawned a new field within health care and health science research. These new predictive analytics tools are starting to change various facets of our clinical care domains including the practice of laboratory medicine. Many of these ML tools and studies are also starting to populate our literature landscape as we know it but unfamiliarity of the average reader to the basic knowledge and critical concepts within AI/ML is now demanding a need to better prepare our audience to such relatively unfamiliar concepts. A fundamental knowledge of such platforms will inevitably enhance cross‐disciplinary literacy and ultimately lead to enhanced integration and understanding of such tools within our discipline. In this review, we provide a general outline of AI/ML along with an overview of the fundamental concepts of ML categories, specifically supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Additionally, since the vast majority of our current approaches within ML in laboratory medicine and health care involve supervised algorithms, we will predominantly concentrate on such platforms. Finally, the need for making such tools more accessible to the average investigator is becoming a major driving force for the need of automation within these ML platforms. This has now given rise to the automated ML (Auto‐ML) world which will undoubtedly help shape the future of ML within health care. Hence, an overview of Auto‐ML is also covered within this manuscript which will hopefully enrich the reader's understanding, appreciation, and the need for embracing such tools.
Full‐field hemocytometry. Forty years of progress seen through Clinical and Laboratory Hematology and the International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
Authors: d'Onofrio Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe extraordinary advances in clinical hematology, biology, and oncology in the last decades would not have been possible without discovering how to identify and count the cells circulating in the blood. For centuries, scientists have used slides, counting chambers (hemocytometers), and diluting and staining solutions for this task. Then, automated hemocytometry began. This science, now linked to the daily routine of laboratory hematology, has completed an overwhelming path over a few decades. Our laboratories today operate with versatile multiparameter systems, ranging from complex single‐channel instruments to bulky continuous flow machines. In terms of clinical information obtained from a simple routine blood test, the full exploitation of their potential depends on the operators' imagination and courage. A comprehensive review of the scientific publications that have accompanied the development of hemocytometry from the 1950s to today would require entire volumes. More than seven hundred contributions that authors worldwide have published in Clinical and Laboratory Haematology until 2007 and then the International Journal of Laboratory Hematology are summarized. Such journals have represented and hopefully will continue to represent the privileged place of welcome for future scientific research in hemocytometry. Improved technologies, attention to quality, new reagents and electronics, information technology, and scientist talent ensure a more profound and deeper knowledge of cell properties: current laboratory devices measure and count even minor immature or pathological cell subpopulations. Full‐field hemocytometry includes the analysis of nonhematic fluids, digital adds to the microscope, and the development of effective point‐of‐care devices.
Diagnosing heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: The need for accuracy and speed
Authors: Pishko Allyson M. , Cuker Adam 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic condition resulting from pathogenic antibodies to complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The diagnosis of HIT can be challenging due to the widespread use of heparin and the frequency of thrombocytopenia in hospitalized patients. Laboratory testing for HIT typically includes an immunoassay to detect antibodies to PF4‐heparin and a functional assay. Current HIT diagnostic algorithms recommend using the 4Ts score to determine the need for HIT laboratory testing. Automated calculation of HIT clinical prediction scores in the electronic health record may improve the identification of patients who should undergo HIT testing. Another challenge in the management of patients with suspected HIT is the turnaround time of the laboratory testing needed to confirm the diagnosis. Due to the high daily thrombotic risk of HIT, clinicians must treat patients with intermediate to high pretest likelihood of HIT empirically while awaiting the test results. Treatment for HIT often involves alternative anticoagulants that lack reversal agents, which may increase bleeding risk, prolong hospital stays, and increase costs for patients suspected of having HIT. Rapid immunoassays hold promise to improve the speed of HIT diagnosis. These assays must retain a very high sensitivity for this “can't miss” diagnosis, yet have sufficient specificity to be of diagnostic value. A Bayesian approach has been proposed using two rapid immunoassays in succession, which decreased analytic turnaround time to 60 minutes. Such an approach has the potential to be a much‐needed clinical advance in improving accuracy and speed in the diagnosis of HIT.