bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active reflection coefficients characterization system for multiple input multiple output antennas
Authors: Jordão Marina , Belo Daniel , Caldeirinha Rafael F. S. , Oliveira Arnaldo S. R. , Carvalho Nuno B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to present a characterization system that can be used to measure the active reflection coefficient of each port of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas, when the main beam is steered to an intended direction. Since MIMO systems are composed of antennas with several elements and each antenna element is connected to a power amplifier, an active component, the beamforming will contribute to the mismatch of each branch. To this extent, a calibrated measurement system has been implemented using off‐the‐shelf software defined radio and designed to effectively extract such coefficients, when all the ports are simultaneously excited. Results for linear and planar MIMO antenna arrays have been experimentally obtained for several beam directions and the impact of beamforming on each element of the antenna is presented and compared to simulated results. Additionally, their behaviour was also assessed when some of the radiation elements are deliberately disconnected, mimicking those not working properly.
Implantate der weiblichen Brust – Teil 3: Malignome
Authors: Fischer Uwe , Said Hafiez 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHinsichtlich der bösartigen Tumoren muss bei Frauen mit Implantaten unterschieden werden zwischen dem extrem seltenen Krankheitsbild des anaplastisch großzelligen Lymphoms (ALCL) einerseits und dem herkömmlichen Brustkrebs andererseits. Während das brustimplantatinduzierte BIA-ALCL in aller Regel bereits anhand der nicht kontrastmittelgestützten Protokolle zu diagnostizieren ist, bedarf es für den Nachweis insbesondere kleinerer Mammakarzinome der Applikation eines Kontrastmittels. Es kommen dabei dynamische Protokolle zum Einsatz, die eine Visualisierung der Durchblutung der intramammären Strukturen ermöglichen. Bei der Verwendung qualitätsgesicherter, hoch aufgelöster Untersuchungen erweist sich die Mamma-MRT im Nachweis insbesondere des kleinen Mammakarzinoms allen anderen bildgebenden Verfahren überlegen. Im letzten Teil der dreiteiligen Präsentation werden das ALCL und kleine Mammakarzinome bei Frauen mit Implantaten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der MRT präsentiert.
Livedo racemosa bei primärem Antiphospholipidsyndrom
Authors: Oms E. , Tronnier M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Antiphospholipidsyndrom umfasst als Kardinalsymptome rezidivierende arteriovenöse thrombembolische Ereignisse, vermehrte Aborte oder Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und das Vorliegen von Antiphospholipid-Antikörpern. In ca. 20 % der Fälle liegt eine Livedo racemosa als kutane Manifestation vor. Die Therapie besteht in der Prophylaxe weiterer Thromboembolien.Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit Multiorganbeteiligung (Livedo racemosa, Milz-, Pankreas-, Darm- und fraglich Niereninfarkte) bei Nachweis von ß2-Glykoprotein-I-IgG-Antikörper.
Geschichte der Hautklinik in Hildesheim
Authors: Ottmann K. , Jafari R. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Ursprünge der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie in Hildesheim liegen in einer dermatologischen Belegabteilung, die bereits 1929 in den sich ständig erweiternden Komplex des Städtischen Krankenhauses Hildesheim am Weinberg eingegliedert wurde.Diese Belegabteilung wurde 1984 in eine hauptamtliche Hautklinik im Städtischen Krankenhaus umgewandelt. Im Januar 2005 erfolgte der Wechsel des Klinikums vom kommunalen zu einem privaten Träger. Das Gesamtklinikum ist 2011 in einen modernen Neubau an einem anderen Standort umgezogen.
Prurigo pigmentosa
Authors: Wollert E. , Tronnier M. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über eine in Europa selten auftretende Erkrankung. In unserem Fall erkrankte ein 28-jähriger sonst gesunder Mann an Prurigo pigmentosa (PP). Die Diagnose wurde erst 6 Jahre später anhand der klinisch pathologischen Korrelation gestellt. Die Ätiopathogenese in unserem Fall ist unklar. Wir behandelten mit Minozyklin. Hierunter kam es zu einer raschen Befundbesserung.Typisch für die PP ist der mit dem Auftreten der Hautveränderungen beginnende starke Juckreiz, die retikuläre Anordnung sowie der im Frühjahr und Sommer schubweise Verlauf. Aufgrund des in Europa seltenen Auftretens werden, wie auch in unserem Fall, zunächst Differenzialdiagnosen wie z. B. eine kontaktallergische Dermatitis in Betracht gezogen. Wahrscheinlich ist die Inzidenz von PP in Europa deutlich höher, sie bleibt nur oft unerkannt.
Effects of Treatment Adherence on Quality of Life in Hypoparathyroid
Patients
Authors: Anaforoglu Inan , Sancak Seda , Akbas Emin Murat , Oruk Guzide Gonca , Canat Masum , Tezcan Kadriye Aydın , Uc Ziynet Alphan , Gorar Suheyla , Duman Gulhan Cavlak , Yaylali Guzin Fidan , Yılmaz Merve , Bilir Betul Ekiz , Bozoglan Humeyra , Akbaba Gulhan , Tuna Mazhar Muslum , Akcay Seckin , Tuzun Dilek , Bagir Gulay Simsek , Haydardedeoglu Filiz Eksi , Elbuken Gulsah , Yorulmaz Goknur , Celik Ozlem , Topbas Murat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of
hypoparathyroid patients and to investigate the relationship between
treatment adherence and quality of life.
Study design Prospective, multicentre study.
Methods Adult patients presenting with the diagnosis of
hypoparathyroidism to 20 different endocrinology clinics were included. They
were receiving conventional therapies for hypoparathyroidism, using calcium,
active vitamin D, and magnesium. We collected data on demographic features,
disease- and treatment-related information, and results of routine
laboratory tests, treatment adherence, and presence of complications. Beck
Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Short Form-36 quality of
life assessments were administered.
Results Among the 300 patients studied, 60.7% were adherent
to their treatment, and 34.1% had complications. Anxiety and
depression scores were significantly higher in non-adherent versus
treatment-adherent patients (p<0.001 and p=0.001,
respectively). Most of the domains of quality-of-life scores were also
significantly lower in non-adherent patients. Both anxiety and depression
scores showed significant, negative correlations with serum calcium and
magnesium concentrations (r=−0.336, p<0.001
and r=−0.258, p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusions Nearly 40% of the patients were non-adherent to
conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, and such patients had higher
anxiety and depression scores and poorer quality of life scores.
Conventional treatment might not be sufficient to meet the needs of patients
with hypoparathyroidism. In addition to seeking new therapeutic options,
factors influencing quality of life should also be investigated and
strategies to improve treatment adherence should be developed.
Extracting Medical Information from Paper COVID-19 Assessment Forms
Authors: Schultz Jacob D. , White-Dzuro Colin G. , Ye Cheng , Coco Joseph R. , Myers Janet M. , Shackelford Claude , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Fabbri Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective This study examines the validity of optical mark recognition, a novel user interface, and crowdsourced data validation to rapidly digitize and extract data from paper COVID-19 assessment forms at a large medical center.
Methods An optical mark recognition/optical character recognition (OMR/OCR) system was developed to identify fields that were selected on 2,814 paper assessment forms, each with 141 fields which were used to assess potential COVID-19 infections. A novel user interface (UI) displayed mirrored forms showing the scanned assessment forms with OMR results superimposed on the left and an editable web form on the right to improve ease of data validation. Crowdsourced participants validated the results of the OMR system. Overall error rate and time taken to validate were calculated. A subset of forms was validated by multiple participants to calculate agreement between participants.
Results The OMR/OCR tools correctly extracted data from scanned forms fields with an average accuracy of 70% and median accuracy of 78% when the OMR/OCR results were compared with the results from crowd validation. Scanned forms were crowd-validated at a mean rate of 157 seconds per document and a volume of approximately 108 documents per day. A randomly selected subset of documents was reviewed by multiple participants, producing an interobserver agreement of 97% for documents when narrative-text fields were included and 98% when only Boolean and multiple-choice fields were considered.
Conclusion Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it may be challenging for health care workers wearing personal protective equipment to interact with electronic health records. The combination of OMR/OCR technology, a novel UI, and crowdsourcing data-validation processes allowed for the efficient extraction of a large volume of paper medical documents produced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Trends in Mortality of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ho An Thi Nhat , Bellamy Nelly , Naydenov Soophia K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDespite substantial advances in the diagnosis and management, pulmonary embolism (PE) continues to be a significant cause of mortality. In this article, we provide a concise overview of the evolution of worldwide mortality trends related to PE. Despite the data being derived mainly from observational studies, there is a clear trend toward decreasing mortality over time from PE. Whether this truly represents a treatment effect or is more related to increased diagnosis of small PEs is not fully clear. Modern approaches to PE management such as the PE response teams have the potential to further reduce the mortality from PE.
Numerical simulation of a single pile under the combined effects of axial and lateral loading in liquefiable soil
Authors: Huissen Rusal S. , Albusoda Bushra S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, a numerical investigation was carried out using FLAC 2D software to develop an understanding of the effects of combined (axially and laterally) loading on a single pile subjected to different earthquake motions. Several parameters were studied, including vertical displacement at pile head and soil surfacelateral displacement with pile depth, and pore water pressure ratio (ru) at the near and far-fields within the soil model; these were then compared with the soil shaking table test, and the numerical model was solved with the Finn Model and Mohr-Coulomb to capture the non-linear effects of saturated sand under earthquake motions in Ali Algharbi and Kobe. The main test results from this numerical analysis showed that the lateral load on the pile headsignificantly reduced pile lateral displacement, yet had substantial effect on both pile and soil vertical displacement even at higher earthquake magnitudes. A comparison of pore pressure ratios at near and far-field between the numerical and experimental work showed a good agreement, with only a slight difference in overall values. The importance of this study and the test results imported from the numerical model lies in the generation of a reliable base for liquefaction analysis in more complex cases.
A Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Perforated Clay Bricks Available in the Iraqi Local Market
Authors: Abdulhussain Sana Taha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Bricks are the most frequently used building units in residential and commercial construction in Iraq. This paper presents a comparative study of the physical properties of perforated clay bricks manufactured by five different factories: three of brick samples are local, with the other two being imported. Thirty specimens were tested for each factory for a total number of 150 bricks. Brick samples were randomly selected from the local market and then tested according to Iraqi specifications 24/1988 and 25/1988. The tests results showed that water absorption was lower in the local samples (13.7% minimum) than the imported ones (22.2% maximum), while efflorescence rates for both local and imported samples ranged from light to medium. The compressive strength of one local (about 29 MPa) and both imported samples (about 12 MPa) met the specifications, while the other local samples demonstrated lower compressive strength than the specifications. Overall, based on the adopted specifications, only one local sample was classified as class A, with the other samples did not meet requirements.
Investigating the effects of fin geometry on motorcycle cylinder cooling
Authors: Abbood M H , Azziz H N , Farhoud E K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to improve the heat transfer process in motor engine cylinders by adding eight fins with different shapes around such a cylinder. This process was carried out numerically Fluent software (Ansys 19.0) for different Reynolds numbers (4, 6, and 8 × 104) under constant heat flux (6, 12, 25 kw/m2). The metal used for the fin bodies was aluminium alloy, with a thermal conductivity of 237 W/m-k. Four types of fin, square, circular, elliptical, and air foil, all with the same thickness (5 mm), pitch, gap between each fin (3 mm), and surface area (0.0745 m2) were investigated. The working fluid used was air. The results indicated that the best case was seen in the cylinder with square fins, which obtained the highest value of heat transfer coefficient. The results also indicated that, more generally, the rate of the heat transfer increases when the Reynolds number increases.
Using satellite data and machine learning to study conflict-induced environmental and socioeconomic destruction in data-poor conflict areas: The case of the Rakhine conflict
Authors: Aung Thiri Shwesin , Overland Indra , Vakulchuk Roman , Xie Yanhua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper studies socioeconomic and environmental changes in the neighboring areas Bangladesh-Myanmar border from 2012 to 2019, thus covering the period before and after the 2017 Rakhine conflict in Myanmar and outflux of refugees across the border to Bangladesh. Given the scarcity and costliness of traditional data collection methods in such conflict areas, the paper uses a novel methodological model based on very-high-resolution satellite imagery, nighttime satellite imagery, and machine-learning algorithms to generate reliable and reusable data for comparative assessment of the impacts of the Rakhine conflict. Assessments of welfare and environmental risks using this approach can be accurate and scalable across different regions and times when other data are unavailable. Key findings are: the general livelihood situation has worsened and income sources shrunk in Rakhine; forced migration damaged the ecologically fragile regions in the two countries; the destruction of aquaculture wetland ecosystems is observed in Rakhine; the deforestation rate reached 20% in Rakhine and 13% on the Bangladeshi side of the border. The results can provide guidance to policymakers and international actors as they work to repatriate the victims of the conflict in Rakhine and minimize the conflict’s security and environmental consequences. The methodology can be applied to other data-poor conflict and refugee areas in the world.
Homological invariants of Cameron–Walker Graphs
Authors: Hibi Takayuki , Kanno Hiroju , Kimura Kyouko , Matsuda Kazunori , Van Tuyl Adam 
Published: March 2021

Let

G
G

be a finite simple connected graph on

[
n
]

[n]

and
\[

R
=
K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

R = K[x_1, \ldots , x_n]

\]
the polynomial ring in

n
n

variables over a field

K
K

. The edge ideal of

G
G

is the ideal

I
(
G
)

I(G)

of

R
R

which is generated by those monomials

x
i

x
j

x_ix_j

for which

{
i
,
j
}

\{i, j\}

is an edge of

G
G

. In the present paper, the possible tuples
\[

(
n
,
d
e
p
t
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
,
r
e
g
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
,
dim
⁡
R

/

I
(
G
)
,
deg
⁡
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)
)
,

(n, depth(R/I(G)), reg(R/I(G)), \dim R/I(G), \deg h(R/I(G))),

\]
where

deg
⁡
h
(
R

/

I
(
G
)
)

\deg h(R/I(G))

is the degree of the

h
h

-polynomial of

R

/

I
(
G
)

R/I(G)

, arising from Cameron–Walker graphs on

[
n
]

[n]

will be completely determined.
Low-Intensity Exercise Improves Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Rats After Myocardial Infarction and the Possible Role of Skeletal Muscle Autophagy
Authors: Chen Li-mei , Peng Wen-wen , Xu Gui-qing , Guo Yue , Wei Ling-jie , Lin Cheng , Pan Yan-xia , Wang Shi-zhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise on aerobic exercise capacity and autophagy of skeletal muscle in rats after myocardial infarction (MI) and its possible mechanisms.

Methods
Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 180–200 g, were randomly divided into sham, MI, and MI with exercise training (MI + Ex) groups. MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. One week after surgery, low-intensity exercise training was carried out on a treadmill 5 days per week for 4 weeks.

Results
Infarct size of MI and MI + Ex groups was 30.8 ± 5.5% and 27.6 ± 5.0% of left ventricle, respectively (P &gt; 0.05). Heart weight and heart to body weight ratio in the MI group were significantly higher than those in the sham group (P &lt; 0.01), and were lowered by exercise training (P &lt; 0.01). The maximal exercise distance and duration in the MI group were lower than those in the sham group (P &lt; 0.01), but were significantly increased by exercise training (P &lt; 0.05). Autophagosome of the gastrocnemius was not detectable in the sham group, scattered in the MI group but clustered in the MI + Ex group. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3-I/II) and Beclin-1 protein levels in the gastrocnemius were similar between MI and sham groups, but were significantly higher in the MI + Ex group (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Low-intensity exercise improves exercise capacity in rats after MI. The effect is associated with enhanced autophagy of the skeletal muscle.
Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness and Cardiovascular Risk Scores Predicted by 2 Different Models
Authors: Wang Ting-jun , Cai Xiao-qi , Zhang Ling-yu , Shen Yi-hua , Xie Qun-fang , Xu Guo-yan , Xie Liang-di 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between arterial stiffness and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk predicted by models of pooled cohort equations (PCEs) or ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR).

Methods
A cross-sectional clinical study was carried out, in which clinical data were collected from 1,090 subjects aged 30–75 years who were admitted to a university affiliated hospital from 2016 to 2018. Arterial stiffness was examined by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). All subjects were divided into 2 groups: normal arterial stiffness (cfPWV &lt;10 m/second) and elevated arterial stiffness (cfPWV ≥10 m/second). Ten-year ASCVD risk was predicted by either PCE or China-PAR.

Results
ASCVD risks predicted by 2 models in the elevated arterial stiffness group were higher than those in the normal arterial stiffness group [PCE: 16.5% (8.6%–28.3%) vs. 6.3% (2.7%–12.3%); China-PAR: 8.8% (6.1%–12.4%) vs. 3.9% (2.1%–6.6%), both P &lt; 0.001]. The correlation coefficient between cfPWV and ASCVD risk predicted by China-PAR was greater than that by PCE (0.573 vs. 0.503, z = 5.272, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by PCE model (β = 0.475, P &lt; 0.001) and waist circumference (β = 0.092, P = 0.001) correlated with cfPWV. However, when PCE was replaced by China-PAR, only ASCVD risk (β = 0.573, P &lt; 0.001), not waist circumference, was associated with arterial stiffness. Receiver operation characteristic curve showed that the discrimination of 10-year ASCVD risk predicted by China-PAR for arterial stiffness was better than PCE (area under curve 0.814 vs. 0.767, z = 4.992, P &lt; 0.001). A stratification analysis revealed that the better discrimination by China-PAR mainly came from males.

Conclusions
Ten-year ASCVD risks predicted by either China-PAR or PCE are associated with arterial stiffness. The association is stronger when the risk is predicted by China-PAR, especially in males.
A framework for graduate and postgraduate specialty pharmacy training
Authors: Cesarz Joseph L , Mott David A , Friestrom Eric D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Purpose
There is a growing need for specialty pharmacy leaders within integrated delivery networks (IDNs). Traditional training for students and residents has not met the demand for pharmacy leaders in this space. This article describes the partnership between UW Health (UWH) and the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy (UWSOP) in developing a specialty pharmacy elective course at UWSOP and in creating a postgraduate residency training program at UWH. Future directions for the partnership are discussed.

Summary
Members of the leaderships of UWH and UWSOP met to discuss expanding coursework related to specialty pharmacy business fundamentals at UWSOP. This meeting led to the development of a 2-credit elective course beginning in spring 2017. The course focused on marketplace economics, channel strategies, and specialty pharmacy practice development. Additionally, UWH identified the need to provide postgraduate training to meet the increasing demand across IDNs for specialty pharmacy leaders. The residency program was initiated in 2013 and received accreditation in 2016. The residency provides experience in specialty pharmacy leadership, managed care, finance, the revenue cycle, accreditation, and the supply chain. Future partnership opportunities include creation of a longitudinal student pharmacist track and joint project coordination between UWSOP students and UWH residents.

Conclusion
This partnership has provided a pathway for students to gain expertise in specialty pharmacy business fundamentals as well as postgraduate training opportunities for future specialty pharmacy leaders. IDN and school of pharmacy partnerships can expand educational opportunities for future specialty pharmacy leaders and help fulfill the market gap in specialty pharmacy leaders.
Allograft vs Xenograft Bioprosthetic Mesh in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction: A Blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Asaad Malke , Selber Jesse C , Adelman David M , Baumann Donald P , Hassid Victor J , Crosby Melissa A , Liu Jun , Butler Charles E , Clemens Mark W 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
With the increased use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in breast reconstruction, the number of available materials has increased. There is a relative paucity of high-quality outcomes data for use of different ADMs.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to compare the outcomes between a human (HADM) and a bovine ADM (BADM) in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods
A prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate differences in outcomes between HADM and BADM for patients undergoing immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction. Patients with prior radiation to the index breast were excluded. Patient and surgical characteristics were collected and analyzed.

Results
From April 2011 to June 2016, a total of 90 patients were randomized to a mesh group, with 68 patients (HADM, 36 patients/55 breasts; BADM, 32 patients/48 breasts) included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. No significant differences in overall complication rates were identified between HADM (n = 14, 25%) and BADM (n = 13, 27%) (P = 0.85). Similar trends were identified for major complications and complications requiring reoperation. Tissue expander loss was identified in 7% of HADM patients (n = 4) and 17% of BADM patients (n = 8) (P = 0.14).

Conclusions
Similar complication and implant loss rates were found among patients undergoing immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction with HADM or BADM. Regardless of what material is used, careful patient selection and counseling, and cost consideration, help to improve outcomes and sustainability in immediate breast reconstruction.

Level of Evidence: 2