bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report: symptomatic pericarditis post-COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Ashaari Sarah , Sohaib Hafiz Ahmed , Bolger Kenneth 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently reported increase in myopericarditis incidence post-COVID-19 vaccination. Post-vaccination myopericarditis as side effect has been reported, however, is infrequent. We described a case of pericarditis post-first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

Case summary
A patient presented with typical symptoms of pericarditis and related electrocardiogram and echocardiogram changes, 7 days post receiving the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. No other causes were identified from series of investigations. Patient had good symptomatic relief with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication.

Discussion
The incidence of pericarditis post-vaccination is rare, with limited reporting in previous literatures. No causal relationship has yet to be established due to small number of cases. The benefits of COVID-19 vaccination currently outweigh the side effect profile and are recommended as the first-line approach to control the current pandemic.
Sex Differences in Recovery Across Multiple Domains Among Older Adults With Hip Fracture
Authors: Orwig Denise L , Abraham Danielle S , Hochberg Marc C , Gruber-Baldini Ann , Guralnik Jack M , Cappola Anne R , Golden Justine , Hicks Gregory E , Miller Ram R , Resnick Barbara , Shardell Michelle , Sterling Robert S , Bajracharya Rashmita , Magaziner Jay 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHip fractures are a public health problem among older adults, but most research on recovery after hip fracture has been limited to females. With growing numbers of hip fractures among males, it is important to determine how recovery outcomes may differ between the sexes.Methods168 males and 171 females were enrolled within 15 days of hospitalization with follow-up visits at 2, 6, and 12 months postadmission to assess changes in disability, physical performance, cognition, depressive symptoms, body composition, and strength, and all-cause mortality. Generalized estimating equations examined whether males and females followed identical outcome recovery assessed by the change in each outcome.ResultsThe mean age at fracture was similar for males (80.4) and females (81.4), and males had more comorbidities (2.5 vs 1.6) than females. Males were significantly more likely to die over 12 months (hazard ratio 2.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.56–5.34). Changes in outcomes were significantly different between males and females for disability, gait speed, and depressive symptoms (p &lt; .05). Both sexes improved from baseline to 6 months for these measures, but only males continued to improve between 6 and 12 months. There were baseline differences for most body composition measures and strength; however, there were no significant differences in change by sex.ConclusionsFindings confirm that males have higher mortality but suggest that male survivors have continued functional recovery over the 12 months compared to females. Research is needed to determine the underlying causes of these sex differences for developing future prognostic information and rehabilitative interventions.
Identification of Fall-Related Injuries in Nursing Home Residents Using Administrative Claims Data
Authors: Mintz Joel , Duprey Matthew S , Zullo Andrew R , Lee Yoojin , Kiel Douglas P , Daiello Lori A , Rodriguez Kenneth E , Venkatesh Arjun K , Berry Sarah D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Fall-related injuries (FRIs) are a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and costs among nursing home (NH) residents. Carefully defining FRIs in administrative data is essential for improving injury-reduction efforts. We developed a series of novel claims-based algorithms for identifying FRIs in long-stay NH residents.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort of residents of NH residing there for at least 100 days who were continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B in 2016. FRIs were identified using 4 claims-based case-qualifying (CQ) definitions (Inpatient [CQ1], Outpatient and Provider with Procedure [CQ2], Outpatient and Provider with Fall [CQ3], or Inpatient or Outpatient and Provider with Fall [CQ4]). Correlation was calculated using phi correlation coefficients.

Results
Of 153 220 residents (mean [SD] age 81.2 [12.1], 68.0% female), we identified 10 104 with at least one FRI according to one or more CQ definition. Among 2 950 residents with hip fractures, 1 852 (62.8%) were identified by all algorithms. Algorithm CQ4 (n = 326–2 775) identified more FRIs across all injuries while CQ1 identified less (n = 21–2 320). CQ2 identified more intracranial bleeds (1 028 vs 448) than CQ1. For nonfracture categories, few FRIs were identified using CQ1 (n = 20–488). Of the 2 320 residents with hip fractures identified by CQ1, 2 145 (92.5%) had external cause of injury codes. All algorithms were strongly correlated, with phi coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.99.

Conclusions
Claims-based algorithms applied to outpatient and provider claims identify more nonfracture FRIs. When identifying risk factors, stakeholders should select the algorithm(s) suitable for the FRI and study purpose.
Quantifying representativeness in randomized clinical trials using machine learning fairness metrics
Authors: Qi Miao , Cahan Owen , Foreman Morgan A , Gruen Daniel M , Das Amar K , Bennett Kristin P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
We help identify subpopulations underrepresented in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) cohorts with respect to national, community-based or health system target populations by formulating population representativeness of RCTs as a machine learning (ML) fairness problem, deriving new representation metrics, and deploying them in easy-to-understand interactive visualization tools.

Materials and Methods
We represent RCT cohort enrollment as random binary classification fairness problems, and then show how ML fairness metrics based on enrollment fraction can be efficiently calculated using easily computed rates of subpopulations in RCT cohorts and target populations. We propose standardized versions of these metrics and deploy them in an interactive tool to analyze 3 RCTs with respect to type 2 diabetes and hypertension target populations in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results
We demonstrate how the proposed metrics and associated statistics enable users to rapidly examine representativeness of all subpopulations in the RCT defined by a set of categorical traits (eg, gender, race, ethnicity, smoking status, and blood pressure) with respect to target populations.

Discussion
The normalized metrics provide an intuitive standardized scale for evaluating representation across subgroups, which may have vastly different enrollment fractions and rates in RCT study cohorts. The metrics are beneficial complements to other approaches (eg, enrollment fractions) used to identify generalizability and health equity of RCTs.

Conclusion
By quantifying the gaps between RCT and target populations, the proposed methods can support generalizability evaluation of existing RCT cohorts. The interactive visualization tool can be readily applied to identified underrepresented subgroups with respect to any desired source or target populations.
On embedding Lambek calculus into commutative categorial grammars
Authors: Slavnov Sergey 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe consider tensor grammars, which are an example of ‘commutative’ grammars, based on the classical (rather than intuitionistic) linear logic. They can be seen as a surface representation of abstract categorial grammars (ACG) in the sense that derivations of ACG translate to derivations of tensor grammars and this translation is isomorphic on the level of string languages. The basic ingredients are tensor terms, which can be seen as encoding and generalizing proof nets. Using tensor terms makes the syntax extremely simple and a direct geometric meaning becomes transparent. Then we address the problem of encoding noncommutative operations in our setting. This turns out possible after enriching the system with new unary operators. The resulting system allows representing both ACG and Lambek grammars as conservative fragments, while the formalism remains, as it seems to us, rather simple and intuitive.
Regionalization of EMS Medical Direction for Naval Medical Forces Pacific
Authors: Raetz Emily , Ross Elliot , Dickerson Brittany , Walrath Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionMedical direction has been the cornerstone to safe and effective prehospital and enroute care since the establishment of emergency medical services (EMS). Medical oversight by a physician has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in both settings. When the Navy Regional Office of the EMS Medical Director was established in 2016, it brought additional resources, including the addition of a paramedic and nurse EMS analyst and recruitment of additional local medical directors (LMDs). This, combined with the engagement of military leadership, allowed for expansion and improvement of medical direction in our prehospital and enroute care system and the establishment of a continuous quality improvement (CQI) program.Materials and MethodsIn 2017, a database was created to collect total run volume, acuity of calls, number of certain time-sensitive conditions, and CQI performance. A retrospective review of this database was conducted. This project was deemed institutional review board exempt.ResultsLMD reports that submission went from 17% for 2017 to 64% for 2018, 91% for 2019, and 79% for 2020. In 2019, 67% of the sites had verifiable CQI programs and, in 2020, this improved to 80% of sites. The review also revealed insight into levels of acuity seen by prehospital and enroute care providers.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that improvement in medical oversight in a large regional prehospital system can be achieved through persistence and engagement of nonmedical leadership.
Late-presenting Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in a Non-Endemic Setting During COVID-19 Travel Restrictions
Authors: Robben Paul m , Dunbar Christopher r , Akin Elgin h , Pichugin Alexander , Regules Jason a 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case of febrile Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a 36-year-old male patient occurring 14 years after immigration from and more than 12 months since a return visit to the endemic area. The critical need for awareness regarding late presentations of P. falciparum is discussed.
Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure and Neurocognitive Effects in Army Ranger Mortarmen
Authors: Woodall Julia l.a , Sak Jordyn a , Cowdrick Kyle R , Bove Muñoz Brady m , McElrath Jessica h , Trimpe Grace r , Mei Yajun , Myhre Remington l , Rains James k , Hutchinson Charles r 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionOccupational exposure to repetitive, low-level blasts in military training and combat has been tied to subconcussive injury and poor health outcomes for service members. Most low-level blast studies to date have focused on explosive breaching and firing heavy weapon systems; however, there is limited research on the repetitive blast exposure and physiological effects that mortarmen experience when firing mortar weapon systems. Motivated by anecdotal symptoms of mortarmen, the purpose of this paper is to characterize this exposure and its resulting neurocognitive effects in order to provide preliminary findings and actionable recommendations to safeguard the health of mortarmen.Materials and MethodsIn collaboration with the U.S. Army Rangers at Fort Benning, blast exposure, symptoms, and pupillary light reflex were measured during 3 days of firing 81 mm and 120 mm mortars in training. Blast exposure analysis included the examination of the blast overpressure (BOP) and cumulative exposure by mortarman position, as well as comparison to the 4 psi safety threshold. Pupillary light reflex responses were analyzed with linear mixed effects modeling. All neurocognitive results were compared between mortarmen (n = 11) and controls (n = 4) and cross-compared with blast exposure and blast history.ResultsNearly 500 rounds were fired during the study, resulting in a high cumulative blast exposure for all mortarmen. While two mortarmen had average BOPs exceeding the 4 psi safety limit (Fig. 2), there was a high prevalence of mTBI-like symptoms among all mortarmen, with over 70% experiencing headaches, ringing in the ears, forgetfulness/poor memory, and taking longer to think during the training week (n ≥ 8/11). Mortarmen also had smaller and slower pupillary light reflex responses relative to controls, with significantly slower dilation velocity (P &lt; 0.05) and constriction velocity (P &lt; 0.10).ConclusionMortarmen experienced high cumulative blast exposure coinciding with altered neurocognition that is suggestive of blast-related subconcussive injury. These neurocognitive effects occurred even in mortarmen with average BOP below the 4 psi safety threshold. While this study was limited by a small sample size, its results demonstrate a concerning health risk for mortarmen that requires additional study and immediate action. Behavioral changes like ducking and standing farther from the mortar when firing can generally help reduce mortarmen BOP exposure, but we recommend the establishment of daily cumulative safety thresholds and daily firing limits in training to reduce cumulative blast exposure, and ultimately, improve mortarmen’s quality of life and longevity in service.
Heplisav-B in Prior Hepatitis B Vaccine Nonresponders: A Case Series
Authors: Williams Alan l 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hepatitis B is a potentially deadly infection that can be acquired by exposure to infectious human blood or body fluids. While service members and others at occupational risk are routinely vaccinated to prevent hepatitis B, non-responders to this vaccine are at continued risk. Heplisav-B is a newer vaccine that may offer additional protection to those at risk.

Materials and Methods
Cases of hepatitis B vaccine non-responders who were given Heplisav-B after receiving six or more doses of standard hepatitis B vaccine were collected from existing health records within the military health system after Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Institutional Review Board review.

Results
Twelve of thirteen (92%) prior non-responders who were tested at least 1 month after completing the recombinant Heplisav-B vaccine series demonstrated seroprotection against hepatitis B.

Conclusions
Ideally, all service members and other at-risk workers should be protected from hepatitis B. This case series suggests that prior non-responders are likely to gain protection from hepatitis B with Heplisav-B vaccination. A prospective trial is warranted for further evaluation of this potential indication.
Calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK32 mediates calcium signaling in regulating Arabidopsis flowering time
Authors: Li Xidong , Chen Limei , Yao Li , Zou Junjie , Hao Jie , Wu Weihua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Appropriate flowering time is critical for the reproductive success of plant species. Emerging evidence indicates that calcium may play an important role in the regulation of flowering time. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that calcium-dependent protein kinase 32 (CPK32) regulates flowering time by affecting the alternative polyadenylation of FLOWERING CONTROL LOCUS A (FCA) and altering the transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central repressor of flowering time. The knockdown of CPK32 results in an obvious late flowering phenotype and dramatically enhanced FLC transcription. CPK32 interacts with FCA, and phosphorylates the serine592 of FCA in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Moreover, the ratio of abundance of the FCA transcripts (FCA-D and FCA-P) changes significantly in the cpk32 mutant, which subsequently affects FLC expression and consequently regulates floral transition. The present evidence demonstrates that CPK32 modulates flowering time by regulating FCA alternative polyadenylation and consequent FLC expression.
Neither sex appears to benefit from divorce within migratory Northern Flickers consistent with accidental loss and bet-hedging
Authors: Wiebe Karen L 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDivorce is widespread among species of birds and may either be an adaptive strategy to secure a better mate or territory or be a nonadaptive result of a failure to maintain the pairbond. I examined the causes and consequences for divorce in the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), a migratory woodpecker with a high annual mortality rate. In a long-term population study of 1,793 breeding pairs over 17 years, the within-season divorce rate was 4.6% and the between-season divorce rate was 15.5%. Retained pairs within a season initiated their renest 5 days faster than divorced birds that had no greater fledgling production, suggesting that within-season divorce was making the best of a bad job with severe time constraints. Poor performance in the year prior to divorce was not strongly associated with divorce, and analysis of multiple breeding stages revealed that divorcing individuals in the subsequent year had later laying dates, smaller clutches, and fewer fledglings than retained pairs but no better performance than widowed individuals. Analyzing the data separately by sex showed that neither males nor females benefitted from divorce. Thus, there is a reproductive cost linked to finding a new partner per se, but no reproductive advantage associated with divorce. New mates after divorce were usually not older (not higher quality) than previous mates, so intrasexual competition was probably not driving partnership splits. The most plausible explanation seems to be a “bet-hedging” hypothesis in which birds re-pair rapidly in spring if their previous mate does not quickly arrive during spring migration. Divorce in Northern Flickers does not appear to be adaptive and future studies on arrival and interactions of individuals in spring will elucidate proximate constraints on relocating the previous partner.
Welfare Effects of Dynamic Matching: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Verdier Valentin , Reeling Carson 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Allocating resources without monetary payments is expected to yield inefficient allocations. Theory suggests that introducing rationing when resources are allocated repeatedly over time can mitigate this issue, while the magnitude of the resulting efficiency gains is an empirical question in most settings. We study a dynamic assignment mechanism used by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to allocate bear hunting licenses and find that it yields a more efficient allocation than static mechanisms, allocating participants to types of resources for which they have a higher value without crowding out participants with a high overall value for hunting. Our empirical analysis also highlights the importance of heterogeneity across participants and across allocated resources for determining the efficiency of a dynamic allocation mechanism.
Sleep duration, sleep problems, and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: De Looze Céline , Feeney Joanne C , Scarlett Siobhan , Hirst Rebecca , Knight Silvin P , Carey Daniel , Meaney James F , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis study examines the cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults.MethodsFour hundred seventeen adults (aged 68.8 ± 7.3; 54% women) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing completed an interview, a questionnaire, and multiparametric brain magnetic resonance imaging. The relationships between self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress, and total hippocampal volume were examined by using ordinary least squares regressions. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the relationships between sleep duration, sleep problems, perceived stress, changes in these measures over 2-years, and hippocampal subfield volumes.ResultsNo cross-sectional and follow-up associations between sleep and total hippocampal volume and between stress and total hippocampal volume were found. By contrast, Long sleep (≥9–10 h/night) was associated with smaller volumes of molecular layer, hippocampal tail, presubiculum, and subiculum. The co-occurrence of Short sleep (≤6 h) and perceived stress was associated with smaller cornu ammonis 1, molecular layer, subiculum, and tail. Sleep problems independently and in conjunction with higher stress, and increase in sleep problems over 2 years were associated with smaller volumes of these same subfields.ConclusionOur study highlights the importance of concurrently assessing suboptimal sleep and stress for phenotyping individuals at risk of hippocampal subfield atrophy.
Nursing Education Leaders Decision-Making During a Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Farra Sharon , Smith Sherrill , Qureshi Kristine , Stalter Ann M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Academic nursing leaders faced unprecedented decision-making during the recent global pandemic. Although some universities had emergency response plans, many did not, and those that did have plans did not address the specific needs of nursing education programs. This descriptive survey study sought to describe the decision-making and response of nursing education leaders during the pandemic and provide recommendations for the future. Themes identified in the study include preparedness, emergency response, uncertainty, leadership and policy, and communication. Results of the study provide nursing program administrators with insights for preparing to lead in future emergencies.