bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to Work After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Intensive Care Admission: Prospective, Case Series at 6 Months From Hospital Discharge*
Authors: Carenzo Luca , Dalla Corte Francesca , Haines Ryan W. , Palandri Chiara , Milani Angelo , Aghemo Alessio , Pini Daniela , Protti Alessandro , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Joblessness is common in survivors from critical care. Our aim was to describe rates of return to work versus unemployment following coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care admission.

DESIGN:
Single-center, prospective case series.

SETTING:
Critical Care Follow-Up Clinic, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.

PATIENTS:
One hundred and one consecutive laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients were discharged from our hospital following an ICU stay between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2020. Twenty-five died in the ICU. Seventy-six were discharged alive from hospital. Two patients refused participation, while three were unreachable. The remaining 71 were alive at 6 months and interviewed.

INTERVENTIONS:
Baseline and outcome healthcare data were extracted from the electronic patient records. Employment data were collected using a previously published structured interview instrument that included current and previous employment status, hours worked per week, and timing of return to work. Health-related quality of life status was assessed using the Italian EQ-5D-5L questionnaire.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 71 interviewed patients, 45 (63%) were employed prior to coronavirus disease 2019, of which 40 (89%) of them worked full-time. Thirty-three (73%) of the previously employed survivors had returned to work by 6 months, 10 (22%) were unemployed, and 2 (5%) were newly retired. Among those who returned to work, 20 (85%) of them reported reduced effectiveness at work. Those who did not return to work were either still on sick leave or lost their job as a consequence of coronavirus disease 2019. Reported quality of life of survivors not returning to work was worse than of those returning to work.

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of coronavirus disease 2019 survivors following ICU in our cohort had returned to work by 6 months of follow-up. However, most of them reported reduced work effectiveness. Prolonged sick leave and unemployment were common findings in those not returning.
The Impact of Stress Within and Across Generations: Neuroscientific and Epigenetic Considerations
Authors: Miller Christopher W. T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The impact of stress and trauma on biological systems in humans can be substantial. They can result in epigenetic changes, accelerated brain development and sexual maturation, and predisposition to psychopathology. Such modifications may be accompanied by behavioral, emotional, and cognitive overtones during one’s lifetime. Exposure during sensitive periods of neural development may lead to long-lasting effects that may not be affected by subsequent environmental interventions. The cumulative effects of life stressors in an individual may affect offspring’s methylome makeup and epigenetic clocks, neurohormonal modulation and stress reactivity, and physiological and reproductive development. While offspring may suffer deleterious effects from parental stress and their own early-life adversity, these factors may also confer traits that prove beneficial and enhance fitness to their own environment. This article synthesizes the data on how stress shapes biological and behavioral dimensions, drawing from preclinical and human models. Advances in this field of knowledge should potentially allow for an improved understanding of how interventions may be increasingly tailored according to individual biomarkers and developmental history.
Rates of Diplopia in Ahmed FP7, Baerveldt 250, and 350 Glaucoma Patients Compared With Medical Controls
Authors: Kilgore Khin P. , Wang Feng , Stern Nicole C. , Sabbagh Nouran , Jamali Sepideh , White Launia J. , Sit Arthur J. , Bitrian Elena , Roddy Gavin W. , Mohney Brian G. , Khanna Cheryl L. 
Published: May 2021

Precis:
Diplopia was present in ~20% of patients with Ahmed FP7 (FP7) or Baerveldt 350 (B350), compared with 5% to 6% in those with Baerveldt 250 (B250) or controls, suggesting risk of diplopia should be included in preoperative counseling.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of diplopia and strabismus in patients with B250, B350, or FP7 glaucoma drainage devices (GDD).

Materials and Methods:
In this cohort study, glaucoma patients 18 years and above who had received, or would be receiving, a B250, B350, or FP7 GDD, and medically treated controls were consecutively enrolled from August 8, 2017, through July 31, 2019. The Diplopia Questionnaire was administered ≥30 days postoperatively, and upon enrollment to the controls. All diplopic patients underwent orthoptic measurements, which were reviewed by a strabismus specialist. Patients with GDDs in quadrants other than superotemporal, multiple GDDs, or scleral buckles were excluded. Bonferroni correction was applied for pairwise comparisons.

Results:
Diplopia was reported in 23/129 (17.8%) GDD patients and 5/99 (5.1%) control patients (P=0.003): 8/35 (22.9%) FP7, 2/32 (6.3%) B250, and 13/62 (21.0%) B350, with significant differences between FP7 versus controls (P=0.014) and B350 versus controls (P=0.011). Diplopia was attributable to GDD in 2 FP7 (5.9%, 95% confidence interval: 0.7-19.2), 0 B250, and 4 B350 (6.5%, 95% confidence interval: 1.7-15.2) patients, without significant differences between the GDDs.

Conclusions:
Patients with the larger (B350) or the higher profile plate (FP7) GDDs were more likely to experience diplopia than controls, and diplopia was attributable to the GDD in ~6% of patients with either a FP7 or a B350 GDD. Since diplopia can affect patients’ quality of life, preoperative counseling for GDD surgery, particularly B350 and FP7, should include a discussion of the risk of diplopia.
Assessing the Reliability of Intraocular Pressure Measurements Using Rebound Tonometry
Authors: Realini Tony , McMillan Brian , Gross Ronald L. , Devience Eva , Balasubramani Goundappa K. 
Published: May 2021

Precis:
In a trio of prospective studies, the iCare rebound tonometer demonstrated significantly lower test-retest variability than Goldmann tonometry with good interoperator and interdevice reproducibility, supporting its value in monitoring intraocular pressure (IOP) changes over time.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to characterize intraoperator and interoperator and interdevice reliability of IOP measurements with rebound tonometry (RT, ic100).

Methods:
Three prospective cross-sectional studies were conducted in distinct sample of adult patients with established glaucoma, suspected glaucoma, or no glaucoma at the West Virginia University Eye Institute. Participants in study 1 underwent 5 RT measurements in one randomly selected eye and 5 Goldmann tonometry measurements in the fellow eye by 1 operator; intraoperator variability was compared using the F test. In study 2, 3 operators each obtained 3 RT measurements in participants in randomized operator order. In study 3, a single operator collected 3 measurements each with 3 RTs in randomized device order. Between-operator and between-device reproducibility were characterized using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results:
Overall, 28, 19, and 25 subjects participated in the 3 respective studies. Within-subject variance across subjects was 0.757 in RT measurements and 2.471 in Goldmann measurements (P=0.0035). Interoperator reproducibility of RT measurements was good in both eyes [ICC for right eyes 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.85; ICC for left eyes 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50-0.83]. Interdevice reproducibility of RT measurements was good approaching excellent (ICC for right eyes 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83-0.90; ICC for left eyes 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.91).

Conclusions:
The RT’s lower measurement variability and good interoperator and interdevice reproducibility suggest that it can characterize IOP changes over time more robustly than Goldmann tonometry, aiding clinicians in assessing the effectiveness of glaucoma therapy and the consistency of IOP control.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension with initial presentation of optic disc edema
Authors: Zhao Qing , Du Xueli , Yang Ye , Zhou Yali , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Meng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure in young women of childbearing age. The typical symptom is headache, and the symptom of visual obscuration tends to be overlooked. So, the patients usually visit the department of neurology for headache management. Here, we report a patient with IIH who first presented with ophthalmic symptoms.

Patient concerns:
A 28-year-old overweight female complained of intermittent darkened vision in both eyes lasting for 2 months. She was diagnosed with papilledema at another hospital and received local and systemic application administration of neurotrophic drugs and glucocorticoids 1 month before. Because of the poor outcomes, she visited our ophthalmology clinic for further management. She had no other medical history.

Diagnosis:
On ophthalmic examination, bilateral optic disc edema with blurred boundary was observed. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging and blood examination showed no obvious abnormality. A lumbar puncture was performed by a neurologist, which demonstrated an opening pressure of 30 cm of water. The cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry and bacteriology results were normal. A diagnosis of IIH was made based on the above findings.

Outcomes:
Oral acetazolamide, weight loss therapy and local corticosteroid treatment were initiated. At 7-week follow-up, the darkened vision and optic disc edema was obviously alleviated.

Conclusion:
IIH is a neurologic disease, but patients with this disease may first present to ophthalmology department because of the visual symptoms, such as blurred or darkened vision, visual loss, and even diplopia. As ophthalmologists, we should screen for this disease in a timely manner when we encounter similar patients with bilateral optic edema.
Mortality audit of cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 positivity or COVID-19
Authors: Kakati Kaberi , Rahman Tashnin , Barman Debabrata , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Borthakur Bibhuti Bhusan , Barman Rashmisnata , Kalita Apurba , Kataki Amal Chandra , Krishnatreya Manigreeva 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted cancer care services globally. The present review of cause of deaths was conducted in a tertiary care cancer center in the North East India. In our institute, all cancer patients requiring admission for surgery, chemotherapy, and other daycare procedures require testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). From 09 July 2020 to 16 May 2021, 119 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive report or COVID-19 have been admitted at our institute Covid ward. A total of 19 cancer patients with COVID-19 succumbed. Of 19 deaths, 13 (68.4%) patients were men and 6 (31.6%) patients were women. The age range from 27 years to 74 years (median =55 years). Vomiting alone or with diarrhea was the most common symptom requiring admission after testing (4/19, 21.0%), followed by bleeding from primary tumour site (3/19, 15.7%). The antecedent and underlying cause of deaths in 19 (100%) patients was cancer. SARS-CoV-2 infection should not be a hindrance for cancer treatment and management.
Fast Evaluation of Viral Emerging Risks (FEVER): A computational tool for biosurveillance, diagnostics, and mutation typing of emerging viral pathogens
Authors: Stromberg Zachary R. , Theiler James , Foley Brian T. , y Gutiérrez Adán Myers , Hollander Attelia , Courtney Samantha J. , Gans Jason , Deshpande Alina , Martinez-Finley Ebany J. , Mitchell Jason , Mukundan Harshini , Yusim Karina , Kubicek-Sutherland Jessica Z. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTViral pathogen can rapidly evolve, adapt to novel hosts and evade human immunity. The early detection of emerging viral pathogens through biosurveillance coupled with rapid and accurate diagnostics are required to mitigate global pandemics. However, RNA viruses can mutate rapidly, hampering biosurveillance and diagnostic efforts. Here, we present a novel computational approach called FEVER (Fast Evaluation of Viral Emerging Risks) to design assays that simultaneously accomplish: 1) broad-coverage biosurveillance of an entire class of viruses, 2) accurate diagnosis of an outbreak strain, and 3) mutation typing to detect variants of public health importance. We demonstrate the application of FEVER to generate assays to simultaneously 1) detect sarbecoviruses for biosurveillance; 2) diagnose infections specifically caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); and 3) perform rapid mutation typing of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike variant associated with increased pathogen transmissibility. These FEVER assays had a high in silico recall (predicted positive) up to 99.7% of 525,708 SARS-CoV-2 sequences analyzed and displayed sensitivities and specificities as high as 92.4% and 100% respectively when validated in 100 clinical samples. The D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike mutation PCR test was able to identify the single nucleotide identity at position 23,403 in the viral genome of 96.6% SARS-CoV-2 positive samples without the need for sequencing. This study demonstrates the utility of FEVER to design assays for biosurveillance, diagnostics, and mutation typing to rapidly detect, track, and mitigate future outbreaks and pandemics caused by emerging viruses.
Regulation of CHK1 inhibitor resistance by a c-Rel and USP1 dependent pathway
Authors: Hunter Jill E. , Campbell Amy E. , Hannaway Nicola L. , Kerridge Scott , Luli Saimir , Butterworth Jacqueline A. , Sellier Helene , Mukherjee Reshmi , Thomas Huw D. , Brownridge Philip J. , Coxhead Johnathon , Taylor Leigh , Leary Peter , Hasoon Megan S.R. , Collins Ian , Garrett Michelle D. , Eyers Claire E. , Perkins Neil D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe previously discovered that deletion of c-Rel in the Eμ-Myc mouse model of lymphoma results in earlier onset of disease, a finding that contrasted with the expected function of this NF-κB subunit in B-cell malignancies. Here we report that c-rel -/- Eµ-Myc cells have an unexpected and major defect in the CHK1 pathway, with almost undetectable levels of CHK1 and CLSPN protein leading to therapeutic resistance to the highly specific CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i) CCT244747. Similar downregulation of CHK1 levels was also seen in CCT244747 resistant U20S osteosarcoma cells. Further investigation revealed that downregulation of the deubiquitinase USP1 is responsible, at least in part, for these effects. Importantly, we demonstrate that c-rel -/- Eµ-Myc lymphoma cells survive though upregulation of compensatory PI3K/AKT pathway activity. Moreover, targeting this pathway with Pictilisib (GDC-0941) effectively killed c-rel -/- Eµ-Myc in vivo, while having no effect on wild type Eμ-Myc cells. This data reveals an NF-κB regulated pathway controlling CHK1 activity in cancer cells and identifies a potential mechanism for both acquiring and overcoming CHK1i resistance in cancer patients.
How effective are frogs in regulating crop pest population in a natural multi-trophic system??
Authors: Ghosh Deyatima , Chatterjee Sabyasachi , Basu Parthiba 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPotential of frogs as important natural pest control agents has been highlighted earlier. But the effectiveness of frogs in regulating the pest load in intensive agricultural landscape in a multi-trophic system is not clear. We performed controlled field experiment in paddy field with a varying density (observed in high and low agricultural intensity (AI) areas) of a commonly found frog species and compared the pest and pest predator build-up. The consumption rate of the model amphibian was studied using enclosure experiment. The consequent trophic cascade effect of frogs on both crop pest and other arthropod pest predator was analyzed using mathematical population growth models. Although frogs consumed pests, they could not reduce crop pest abundance. although a lesser frog density found in high AI areas significantly affected the pest predator abundance. Based on the functional response result, mathematical growth models demonstrated that with a constant harvesting factor (Holling’s Type II) frogs will always have a negative impact on the beneficial natural enemy population due to intraguild predation thereby limiting its potential as a pest regulator. Our study challenges the notion of frogs as an effective pest control agent and argues that increasing habitat diversity might improve overall biological pest suppression.
Genomic insights into longan evolution from a chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomics of longan accessions
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Jianguang , Li Zaiyuan , Liu Bo , Zhang Lili , Guo Dongliang , Huang Shilian , Qian Wanqiang , Guo Li 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTLongan (Dimocarpus longan) is a subtropical fruit best known for its nutritious fruit and regarded as a precious tonic and traditional medicine since ancient times. High-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly is valuable for functional genomic study and genetic improvement of longan. Here, we report a chromosome-level reference genome sequence for longan cultivar JDB with an assembled genome of 455.5 Mb in size anchored to fifteen chromosomes, representing a significant improvement of contiguity (contig N50=12.1 Mb, scaffold N50= 29.5 Mb) over a previous draft assembly. A total of 40,420 protein-coding genes were predicted in D. longan genome. Synteny analysis suggests longan shares the widespread gamma event with core eudicots, but has no other whole genome duplications. Comparative genomics showed that D. longan genome experienced significant expansions of gene families related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and UDP-glucosyltransferase. Deep genome sequencing analysis of longan cultivars identified longan biogeography as a major contributing factor for genetic diversity, and revealed a clear population admixture and introgression among cultivars of different geographic origins, postulating a likely migration trajectory of longan overall confirmed by existing historical records. Finally, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of longan cultivars identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for six different fruit quality traits and revealed a shared QTL containing three genes for total soluble solid and seed weight. The chromosome-level reference genome assembly, annotation and population genetic resource for D. longan will facilitate the molecular studies and breeding of desirable longan cultivars in the future.
The stiffness-sensitive transcriptome of human tendon stromal cells
Authors: Hussien Amro A. , Niederöst Barbara , Bollhalder Maja , Goedecke Nils , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMatrix stiffness and its effects on tensional homeostasis act as major regulators of cellular states in health and disease. Stiffness-sensing studies are typically performed using cells that have acquired “mechanical memory” through prolonged propagation in rigid mechanical environments, e.g. tissue culture plastic (TCP). This may potentially mask the full extent of the stiffness-driven mechanosensing programs. To address this, we developed a biomaterial system composed of two-dimensional mechano-variant silicone substrates that is permissive to large-scale cell culture expansion processes. We broadly mapped the stiffness-mediated mechano-responses by performing RNA sequencing on human tendon-derived stromal cells. We find that matrix rigidities approximating tendon microscale stiffness range (E.~35 kPa) distinctly favor programs related to chromatin remodeling and Hippo signaling; whereas more compliant stiffnesses (E.2 kPa) were enriched in responses related to pluripotency, synapse assembly and angiogenesis. We also find that tendon stromal cells undergo dramatic phenotypic drift on conventional TCP, with near-complete suppression of tendon-related genes and emergence of expression signatures skewed towards fibro-inflammatory and metabolic activation. Strikingly, mechano-variant substrates abrogate fibroblasts activation, with tenogenic stiffnesses inducing a transcriptional program that strongly correlate with established tendon tissue-specific signatures. Computational inference predicted that AKT1 and ERK1/2 are major signaling hubs mediating stiffness-sensing in tendon cells. Together, our findings highlight how the underlying biophysical cues may dictate the transcriptional identity of resident cells, and how matrix mechano-reciprocity regulates diverse sets of previously underappreciated mechanosensitive processes in tendon stromal fibroblasts.
A machine learning approach for MRI-based classification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tibon Roni 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiagnosis criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) rely on cognitive symptoms and do not require specific biomarker evidence of pathology. Nevertheless, patients may still have subtle brain changes that are identifiable with neuroimaging. To classify MCI patients vs. healthy age-matched controls, two algorithms—Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM)—were applied to structural MRI data from the OASIS-1 cohort (https://www.oasis-brains.org/). Despite their comparable performance in some measures, the MLP algorithm was preferable due to superior recall of MCI cases.
Elevated colonic microbiota-associated paucimannosidic and truncated N-glycans in pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Li Henghui , Zhang Xu , Chen Rui , Cheng Kai , Ning Zhibin , Li Jianjun , Twine Susan , Stintzi Alain , Mack David , Figeys Daniel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) is a distinct type of inflammatory bowel disease with severe disease activity and rapid progression, which can lead to detrimental life-long consequences. The pathogenesis of pediatric UC remains unclear, although dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been considered an important factor. In this study, we used mass spectrometry-based glycomic approaches to examine the N-glycans that were associated with the intestinal mucosal-luminal interface microbiota cells of treatment-naïve pediatric UC or control patients. We observed abundant paucimannosidic and other truncated N-glycans that were associated with the microbiota and found that the pediatric UC microbiota samples contained significantly higher levels of these atypical N-glycans compared to those of controls. This study indicates that intestinal N-glycans may be used as novel UC biomarker candidates and the aberrant metabolism of glycans by gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of UC in children.