bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audio dynamics automatic equalization inspired by visual perception
Authors: Ludovico Luca A. , Presti Giorgio , Rizzi Alessandro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the behavior of an algorithm called Audio Dynamics Automatic Equalization (ADAE). This algorithm has been inspired by research carried out in the context of image restoration: it is the adaptation of a contrast and color unsupervised equalizer for images, called Automatic Color Equalization (ACE), into the audio domain. Beside testing if the domain shift from image to audio processing can bring some interesting result, this work also investigates if ADAE behaves like already-known technologies for audio manipulation and restoration. To this end, after a description of the original and the derived algorithms, quantitative test are carried out using typical analyses from the Sound and Music Computing literature, such as frequency response, transfer function, and harmonic distortion. Finally, the paper discusses how the algorithm introduces dynamic range adjustments and non-linear distortions, thus behaving like a dynamics processor, a harmonic exciter, and a waveshaper.
Adverse Effects of Esketamine for the Treatment of Major Depression Disorder: Findings from Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yang Siyuan , Wang Jiahe , Li Xiang , Wang Tianyi , Xu Zhongmou , Xu Xiang , Zhou Xinmin , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEsketamine is a promising drug which can induce antidepressant effects in Major Depression Disorder (MDD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been implemented to assess the efficacy and safety of esketamine for the treatment of MDD. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis to assess adverse effect profiles of esketamine for the treatment of MDD. We searched RCTs which were implemented from January 2010 to June 2020 by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Finally, four RCTs with 551 patients were included in our study. We pooled 551 patients from 4 RCTs. Compared with placebo, an increased risk of adverse effects was observed in our analysis. After using esketamine, the risk of nausea (RR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.25, P = 0.04), dissociation (RR = 4.54, 95% CI, 2.36 to 8.73, P < 0.00001), dizziness (RR = 3.00, 95% CI, 1.80 to 5.00, P < 0.0001), vertigo (RR = 7.47, 95% CI, 2.55 to 21.86, P = 0.0002), hypoesthesia (RR = 5.68, 95% CI, 2.06 to 15.63, P = 0.0008), sedation (RR = 3.96, 95% CI, 1.29 to 12.15, P = 0.02) and paresthesia(RR = 3.05, 95% CI, 1.07 to 8.65, P = 0.04)were significantly increased compared with placebo. Our synthesized data analysis revealed drug specific risk profiles. The most frequent adverse effects under treatment with esketamine were nausea, dissociation, dizziness, vertigo, hypoesthesia,sedation and paresthesia.
3D Strain Field Evolution and Failure Mechanisms in Anisotropic Paperboard
Authors: Johansson S. , Engqvist J. , Tryding J. , Hall S. A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Experimental analyses of the 3D strain field evolution during loading allows for better understanding of deformation and failure mechanisms at the meso- and microscale in different materials. In order to understand the auxetic behaviour and delamination process in paperboard materials during tensile deformation, it is essential to study the out-of-plane component of the strain tensor that is, in contrast to previous 2D studies, only achievable in 3D.

Objective
The main objective of this study is to obtain a better understanding of the influence of different out-of-plane structures and in-plane material directions on the deformation and failure mechanisms at the meso- and microscale in paperboard samples.

Methods
X-ray tomography imaging during in-situ uniaxial tensile testing and Digital Volume Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the 3D strain field evolution and microscale mechanical behaviour in two different types of commercial paperboards and in two material directions. The evolution of sample properties such as the spatial variation in sample thickness, solid fraction and fibre orientation distribution were also obtained from the images. A comprehensive analysis of the full strain tensor in paperboards is lacking in previous research, and the influence of material directions and out-of-plane structures on 3D strain field patterns as well as the spatial and temporal quantification of the auxetic behaviour in paperboard are novel contributions.

Results
The results show that volumetric and deviatoric strain, dominated by the out-of-plane normal strain component of the strain tensor, localize in the out-of-plane centre already in the initial linear stress-strain regime. In-plane strain field patterns differ between samples loaded in the Machine Direction (MD) and Cross Direction (CD); in MD, strain localizes in a more well-defined zone close to the notches and the failure occurs abruptly at peak load, resulting in angular fracture paths extending through the stiffer surface planes of the samples. In CD, strain localizes in more horizontal and continuous bands between the notches and at peak load, fractures are not clearly visible at the surfaces of CD-tested samples that appear to fail internally through more well-distributed delamination.

Conclusions
In-plane strain localization preceded a local increase of sample thickness, i.e. the initiation of the delamination process, and at peak load, a dramatic increase in average sample thickening occurred. Different in-plane material directions affected the angles and continuity of the in-plane strain patterns as well as the sample and fracture properties at failure, while the out-of-plane structure affected how the strain fields distributed within the samples.
Hepatitis B Virus Elimination in the U.S.: Time to Dismantle Barriers and Implement Solutions
Authors: Wang Su , Cohen Chari , Tang Amy S. , Graham Camilla S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe World Health Organization has set a target for the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health threat by 2030, but the U.S. is not currently on track. In this review, we describe specific barriers to HBV elimination, provide examples of potential solutions, and offer recommendations for how the U.S. can reach HBV elimination goals.Recent FindingsIn the U.S., there are many barriers to eliminating hepatitis B, worsened by the siloing of healthcare and public health services. In recent years, we have not seen progress toward improving HBV screening or adult vaccination, and acute cases are on the rise. Current policies, guidelines, and recommendations can hinder elimination progress.SummarySimple policy and guideline changes will allow us to decentralize and scale-up hepatitis B screening, vaccination, and care. Dismantling current barriers will be critical to eliminating hepatitis B in the U.S.
Hippocampal and Prefrontal Cortical Brain Tissue Levels of Irisin and GDF15 Receptor Subunits in Children
Authors: Jackson Travis C. , Gorse Kiersten , Herrmann Jeremy R. , Kochanek Patrick M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCold-stress hormones (CSHs) stimulate thermogenesis and have direct neuroprotective effects on the brain. The obligatory receptor components of two new CSHs (irisin and growth differentiation factor-15 [GDF15]) were recently discovered. Irisin binds integrin-αV/β5 heterodimers while GDF-15 binds to the orphan receptor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL). In addition, integrin-αV/β5 was just identified as the key receptor mediating Zika virus infection in the CNS. We measured integrin-αV, integrin-β5, and GFRAL protein levels across 78 high-quality human male/female brain tissues in infants, toddlers, preschoolers, adolescent, and adults—providing the most robust analysis to date on their levels in the human cortex and hippocampus. We report that integrin-αV was detected at all ages in the prefrontal cortex with levels greatest in adults. Integrin-αV was also detected in the hippocampus in all age groups. In contrast, integrin-β5 was detected in cortex and hippocampus largely restricted to infants. Co-expression of integrin-αV/β5 in the human infant hippocampus and cortex suggests the possibility that irisin has a more robust effect on the developing vs. the adult brain and may have implications for Zika virus infection in infants and young children.
A dietary assessment of colonial Cape Town’s enslaved population
Authors: Mbeki Linda , Kootker Lisette M. , Laffoon Jason E. , Davies Gareth R. , Kars Henk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a growing body of bioarchaeological research on eighteenth and nineteenth century colonial Cape Town, a significant node in the transportation networks of both the Indian and Atlantic oceanic slave trades, attempting to shed light on the lives of enslaved persons. Here, a preliminary archaeological isotopic dietary baseline for the colonial Cape is presented. It is apparent from the data that cattle tended to graze far inland from Cape Town in an arid C3-C4 to purely C4 biome. Sheep/goats grazed close to the settlement or some distance away in C3 to C3-C4 biomes. A qualitative comparison of the baseline data to that of enslaved persons at The Cape suggests that this population did not consume large amounts of marine protein as has been concluded in the past. The archaeological baseline data was utilised, in combination with published modern data, to create a quantitative dietary reconstruction of a subset of this population using a Bayesian multi-source diet mixing model (FRUITS). The reconstruction confirms that the Cape’s enslaved did not consume much marine protein but relied predominantly on terrestrial C3 plant protein.
Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene climate dynamics in western North America based on a new pollen record from paleo-Lake Idaho
Authors: Allstädt Frederik J. , Koutsodendris Andreas , Appel Erwin , Rösler Wolfgang , Reichgelt Tammo , Kaboth-Bahr Stefanie , Prokopenko Alexander A. , Pross Jörg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMarked by the expansion of ice sheets in the high latitudes, the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation across the Plio/Pleistocene transition at ~ 2.7 Ma represents a critical interval of late Neogene climate evolution. To date, the characteristics of climate change in North America during that time and its imprint on vegetation has remained poorly constrained because of the lack of continuous, highly resolved terrestrial records. We here assess the vegetation dynamics in northwestern North America during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (c. 2.8–2.4 Ma) based on a pollen record from a lacustrine sequence from paleo-Lake Idaho, western Snake River Plain (USA) that has been retrieved within the framework of an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) coring campaign. Our data indicate a sensitive response of forest ecosystems to glacial/interglacial variability paced by orbital obliquity across the study interval, and also highlight a distinct expansion of steppic elements that likely occurs during the first strong glacial of the Pleistocene, i.e. Marine Isotope Stage 100. The pollen data document a major forest biome change at ~ 2.6 Ma that is marked by the replacement of conifer-dominated forests by open mixed forests. Quantitative pollen-based climate estimates suggest that this forest reorganisation was associated with an increase in precipitation from the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene. We attribute this shift to an enhanced moisture transport from the subarctic Pacific Ocean to North America, confirming the hypothesis that ocean-circulation changes were instrumental in the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Fossil Gordonia (s.l.)–like (Theaceae) winged seeds from the early Miocene of the Mecsek Mts, W Hungary
Authors: Erdei Boglárka , Hably Lilla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWinged seeds were recovered from two sites of the late early Miocene (Karpatian) flora of Magyaregregy, Mecsek Mts, W Hungary. The seeds are assigned to the fossil-genus and species,Mecsekispermum gordonioidesHably and Erdei gen. nov. et sp. nov., and are tentatively related to the family Theaceae. Based on the overall character of the winged seeds and the isodiametric surface pattern of the seed coat, the seeds are most comparable with species ofGordoniaJ. Ellis (s.l.,) in Theeae (LaplaceaKunth orPolysporaSweet). A comparison with winged seeds of other fossil genera, e.g.SaportaspermumMeyer and Manchester, and winged seeds of modern genera in various families is also given. The fossil flora is preserved in the fish scale-bearing clay marl belonging to the Feked Formation and Komló Claymarl Member and dated as Karpatian (late Burdigalian, standard chronostratigraphy).
Recanalization Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion: Where We Are and What Comes Next?
Authors: Shafie Mohammad , Yu Wengui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the past 5 years, the success of multiple randomized controlled trials of recanalization therapy with endovascular thrombectomy has transformed the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. The evidence from these trials has now established endovascular thrombectomy as standard of care. This review will discuss the chronological evolution of large vessel occlusion treatment from early medical therapy with tissue plasminogen activator to the latest mechanical thrombectomy. Additionally, it will highlight the potential areas in endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke open to exploration and further progress in the next decade.
High-Resolution Image Data Collection Scheme for Road Sensing Using Wide-Angle Cameras on General-Use Vehicle Criteria to Include/Exclude Collected Images for Super Resolution
Authors: Takano Teruhisa , Ono Shintaro , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Ikeuchi Katsushi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFisheye cameras or wide-angle cameras used on automobiles will have various future applications as “distributed sensors in daily transport” -- objects on roadside are frequently observed multiple times by multiple vehicles. Although the object regions are often captured with relatively low image quality (low resolution and large blur) resulting from the character of the lens, it is possible to enhance their quality by post-processing using super resolution (SR) technology. Here, it is required to decide which images to use as inputs for SR: a greater number of lower-quality images or fewer higher-quality images. We evaluated and discussed the input image quality necessary to obtain most effective SR results, especially focusing on degree of image blur. As a conclusion, we found a criterion that was related to the blur level of the initial input image of SR. Then, we considered its potential use as a requisite in observing road environments.
Students’ perceptions on race in medical education and healthcare
Authors: Lim Guan Hui Tricia , Sibanda Zeluleko , Erhabor Joshua , Bandyopadhyay Soham , The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group  
Published: January 2021

Major racial disparities continue to exist in our healthcare education, from the underrepresentation of ethnic minorities when teaching about clinical signs to health management in primary and secondary care. A multi-centre group of students discuss what needs to change in medical education to cultivate physicians who are better prepared to care for patients of all backgrounds. We argue that the accurate portrayal of race in medical education is a vital step towards educating medical students to consider alternative explanations to biology when considering health inequities.
An approach to exact nonlinear feedback control design employing recursive approximations and the null space
Authors: Khosravi Parisa , Bishop Robert H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA strategy to design exact nonlinear feedback controllers based on a recursive application of approximate linearization methods is examined. The computations are algebraic and computationally simpler than solving the set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations thereby facilitating practical symbolic computer computations enabling discernment of evolving patterns in the approximate solutions as the order of approximation increases. Utilizing the null space that appears at each step in the computations as part of the computations, a family of analytic solutions can be generated asymptotically. There are possibilities for optimizing the performance by judiciously choice of analytic solution that emerge from the selective use of the null space.
Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints
Authors: Liao JinJing , Smith David W. , Miramini Saeed , Gardiner Bruce S. , Zhang Lihai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border (PBB) on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap, the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still limited. To address this research gap, a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB, in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap, is developed in this study. Microscale modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact gap. This permeability is classified into two categories: For a gap size > 1 µm, the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness; for gap size < 1 µm, flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular cartilage. For gap sizes of less than 1 µm, the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration, whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap size. Subsequently, the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model, in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic systems. The fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary conditions. The model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support (e.g., by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB). Additionally, the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period, and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the tissue. Furthermore, it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.
Anpassung der Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen im öffentlichen Dienst aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Pieter Julia , Körner Wibke , Harth Volker , Preisser Alexandra M. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie führt zu veränderten Anforderungen an den Arbeitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz. Ziel der bundesweit durchgeführten Maßnahmen ist es, das Risiko einer Verbreitung der Virusinfektion zu reduzieren. Dies gilt in allen Lebensbereichen, also auch am Arbeitsplatz. Der Tätigkeitsbereich „Öffentlicher Dienst“ umfasst viele systemrelevante Berufsgruppen. Hierzu zählen u. a. Polizei, Feuerwehr, Justiz, Stadtreinigung, Wasserwerke sowie Verwaltungsorgane auf Stadt- und Landesebenen. Es besteht eine große Diversität der Tätigkeiten in Kommunal- und Landesbetrieben, insbesondere in Bezug auf die innerbetriebliche Organisation sowie personelle und räumliche Gegebenheiten. Häufig sind Interaktionen mit der Bevölkerung notwendig. Die Aufrechterhaltung der Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Strukturen ist essenziell für das öffentliche Leben. Bildungsbetriebe und Betreuungseinrichtungen für Kinder, Menschen mit Behinderungen und vulnerable Gruppen, Einrichtungen der Kranken- und Altenpflege sowie der öffentliche Personennahverkehr werden aufgrund der anderen Arbeitsstrukturen in diesem Statement nicht behandelt. Diese Handlungsempfehlung richtet sich an die verantwortlichen Personen in den jeweiligen Institutionen des öffentlichen Dienstes. Sie befasst sich mit den Maßnahmen des Infektionsschutzes während der Arbeit im öffentlichen Dienst, abgeleitet aus den Gefährdungsbeurteilungen verschiedener Settings. Die vorgestellten Maßnahmen können im Rahmen eines betrieblichen Konzeptes für zeitlich befristete Maßnahmen zum Infektionsschutz umgesetzt werden. Ziel ist es, allgemeine Hinweise zum Infektionsschutz in Bezug auf Arbeitssituationen zu geben, um die Verbreitung von SARS-CoV‑2 zu verlangsamen, Risikogruppen zu schützen und die Funktionsfähigkeit der genannten Strukturen zu gewährleisten.
Impact of seasonal variation on water quality of Hindon River: physicochemical and biological analysis
Authors: Sharma Ruchi , Kumar Ajay , Singh Neetu , Sharma Kritika 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWater is the basic necessity for a living being and detritions in the quality of water led to many harmful impacts. It is important to regulate the water quality to maintain the balance in all the variation of lives. In the present study, the water samples were collected during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods of February 2015–January 2017 from Mohan Nagar barrage, Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh, India). The assessment of the seasonal variation of water quality and its impact on the Hindon River water was evaluated by physicochemical and biological analysis. Samples were analyzed for twelve physicochemical parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Hardness (TH), Nitrate Nitrogen, Phosphates, Sulphates, and Heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and biological parameters such as Total Coliform count (TCC), Fecal Coliform count (FCC) and Standard Plate count (SPC). Besides this, River Metal Pollution Index and Integrated River Metal Pollution Index were also calculated and found above permissible limits (RMPI > 1 and IMPI > 2). The trend of heavy metal load in the Hindon River water was observed to be Fe > Zn > Pb > Cd. Lower recorded values of DO and higher levels of EC, TDS, BOD, COD, TH, Nitrate Nitrogen, and Sulphates indicate high pollution levels in Hindon River water. TCC (MPN/100 ml) in water samples was found 7.4 × 104 in pre-monsoon season and 5.8 × 104 in a post-monsoon season, FCC (MPN/100 ml) were 4.5 × 104 in pre-monsoon and 3.6 × 104 in a post-monsoon season whereas SPC (CFU/ml) were 75 × 104 in pre-monsoon and 62 × 104 in post-monsoon. Analysis of water quality parameters was performed as per Standard Methods (APHA, 1998). The Correlation coefficient matrix has been obtained to validate the interrelationship between different physicochemical parameters. The results of our study show the necessity of regular monitoring of Hindon River water for the integrity of aquatic flora, fauna, and human health.