bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity and Stability of Cu‐Based Spinel‐Type Complex Oxides for Diesel Soot Combustion
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhu Xinbo , Wu Hanpeng , Wu Xiqiang , Zhou Zijian , Chen Geng , Yang Guohua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of Cu‐based spinel‐type complex oxides (CuB2O4, B=Fe, Mn, Co and Cr) was synthesized via sol‐gel method for soot combustion. The soot combustion was accelerated in the presence of all prepared CuB2O4 catalysts compared to that without catalyst. The CuCo2O4 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity, with the soot combustion temperatures T10, T50 and T90 of 480 °C, 539 °C and 569 °C, respectively. XRD patterns showed that the catalysts were mainly in spinel phase. The H2‐TPR, XPS and O2‐TPD characterizations revealed that the interactions between cobalt and copper led to higher content of the Cu+ species, better redox properties and abundant adsorbed oxygen species than the other three catalysts, which contributed to soot combustion. In addition, the catalytic activity of the CuCo2O4 catalysts on soot combustion were facilitated in the presence of NO, while water vapor inhibited the catalytic activity. Besides, the cycle tests clarified that CuCo2O4 catalyst exhibited good stability.
Valorization of a CO2‐Derived Lactone by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Mulchandani Neha , Masutani Kazunari , Sakurai Shinichi , Kimura Yoshiharu , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe exploitation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for the chemical processes has been an evasive venture due to its thermodynamic stability. The synthesis of highly functionalized metastable δ‐lactone (3‐ethylidene‐6‐vinyltetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one) was reported in 1970s which is formed by the condensation of CO2 and 1,3‐butadiene in the presence of palladium catalyst. Several attempts have been made to utilize the intermediate for the polymerization processes, however, only a few have been successful. Here, we report a novel mechanism of metathesis polymerization of the metastable monomer by the action of a transition metal carbene complex (Hoveyda Grubb's II generation catalyst) to yield a new class of materials. The reaction mechanism for the polymerization has been proposed and substantiated by nuclear magnetic spectroscopic analysis. The obtained polymeric species consist of a complex unit structure where the cyclic lactone groups are connected by the olefin groups in different combinations.
Some Aspects of 4H‐Pyrans Synthesis Based on 4‐Chloro‐1‐ethyl‐1H‐benzo[c][1,2]thiazine‐3‐carbaldehyde 2,2‐dioxide: Antimicrobial Activity of the Compounds Synthesized
Authors: Kolodyazhna Tatiana I. , Lega Dmitry A. , Suikov Sergei Yu. , Kyrylchuk Andrey A. , Vovk Mykhaylo V. , Chernykh Valentine P. , Shemchuk Leonid A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA three‐component interaction of 4‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐1H‐benzo[c][1,2]thiazine‐3‐carbaldehyde 2,2‐dioxide with malononitrile and enol nucleophiles of heterocyclic nature has been studied. Depending on the nature of an enol nucleophile this reaction can lead either to heterocyclic ensemble of σ‐linked 4‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐1H‐benzo[c][1,2]thiazine 2,2‐dioxide and 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran rings or condensed tetracyclic derivatives containing a new heterocyclic core of 7,10‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[c]pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3‐e][1,2]thiazine 6,6‐dioxide. The same result was obtained in the case of two‐component approach involving 2‐((4‐chloro‐1‐ethyl‐2,2‐dioxido‐1H‐benzo[c][1,2]thiazin‐3‐yl)methylene)malononitrile. The structure of the tetracyclic derivatives has been confirmed by 2D NMR experiments. A plausible mechanism of the three‐component interaction resulting in the two possible products has been proposed. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Use of real‐time artificial intelligence in detection of abnormal image patterns in standard sonographic reference planes in screening for fetal intracranial malformations
Authors: Lin M. , He X. , Guo H. , He M. , Zhang L. , Xian J. , Lei T. , Xu Q. , Zheng J. , Feng J. , Hao C. , Yang Y. , Wang N. , Xie H. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop and validate an artificial intelligence system, the Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis Artificial Intelligence Conduct System (PAICS), to detect different patterns of fetal intracranial abnormality in standard sonographic reference planes for screening for congenital central nervous system (CNS) malformations.MethodsNeurosonographic images from normal fetuses and fetuses with CNS malformations at 18–40 gestational weeks were retrieved from the databases of two tertiary hospitals in China and assigned randomly (ratio, 8:1:1) to training, fine‐tuning and internal validation datasets to develop and evaluate the PAICS. The system was built based on a real‐time convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm, You Only Look Once, version 3 (YOLOv3). An image dataset from a third tertiary hospital was used to further validate, externally, the performance of the PAICS and to compare its performance with that of sonologists with different levels of expertise. Furthermore, a prospective video dataset was employed to evaluate the performance of the PAICS in a real‐time scan scenario. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the performance of the PAICS and to compare this with the performance of sonologists with different levels of experience.ResultsIn total, 43 890 images from 16 297 pregnancies and 169 videos from 166 pregnancies were used to develop and validate the PAICS. The system achieved excellent performance in identifying 10 types of intracranial image pattern, with macro‐ and microaverage AUCs, respectively, of 0.933 (95% CI, 0.798–1.000) and 0.977 (95% CI, 0.970–0.985) for the internal validation image dataset, 0.902 (95% CI, 0.816–0.989) and 0.898 (95% CI, 0.885–0.911) for the external validation image dataset and 0.969 (95% CI, 0.886–1.000) and 0.981 (95% CI, 0.974–0.988) in the real‐time scan setting. The performance of the PAICS was comparable to that of expert sonologists in terms of macro‐ and microaverage accuracy (P = 0.863 and P = 0.775, respectively), sensitivity (P = 0.883, P = 0.846) and AUC (P = 0.891, P = 0.788), but required significantly less time (0.025 s per image for PAICS vs 4.4 s for experts, P < 0.001).ConclusionsBoth in the image dataset and in the real‐time scan setting, the PAICS achieved excellent diagnostic performance for various fetal CNS abnormalities. Its performance was comparable to that of experts, but it required less time. A CNN algorithm can be trained to detect fetal CNS abnormalities. The PAICS has the potential to be an effective and efficient tool in screening for fetal CNS malformations in clinical practice. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Thin thickness gilding determined by x‐rays ratios from EDXRF‐spectra
Authors: Cesareo Roberto , Lins Sergio A. B. , Ridolfi Stefano , Brunetti Antonio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA by‐product of energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF)‐analysis consists of using the ratios of selected X‐ray peaks to determine the thickness of multilayered objects. Three different methods were developed in the past, all because the two main K or L X‐lines from an EDXRF spectrum emitted by a chemical element have a distinct energy and are differently attenuated by an overlying layer. This specific subject has many papers dedicated, but only a few considerations were devoted to the limits of these methods, that is, the range, for example, of gold thickness that can be usefully determined by each method. This paper defines these limits in the specific case of thin gilding (with d < 1 μm). Three typical situations were considered, and the following artefacts were studied: two artefacts on gilded lead, where the gold leaf is superimposed to a white lead pigment, both in the painting “La Fornarina” of Raphael, dated 1520 AD, and in the imperial carriage of Dom Pedro II emperor of Brazil. In this last case, the white lead pigment was painted over the wood structure of the carriage; four artefacts on gilded copper, three crowns and a pendant, from the tomb of the Lady of Cao, from the Moche civilization of the North of Peru, dated around 350 AD; finally, an artefact on gilded silver, a vase from the Chavín civilization of the North of Peru, dated around 1000‐200 BC.
Kinematic distributions of the ηc leptoproduction in association with light hadrons
Authors: Zhang Hong-Fei , Mo Xue-Mei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The ηc meson leptoproduction is calculated within the nonrelativistic QCD framework for the first time. It is found that the colour-singlet channel, although suppressed by a factor of αs relative to the colour-octet ones, provides important contribution for almost all the experimental conditions, which disagrees with some of the expectations before computation. We present the differential cross sections with respect to $$ {p}_t^2 $$

p
t
2

, $$ {p}_t^{\bigstar 2} $$

p
t

★
2

, Q2, W, and z, for both HERA and EIC experimental conditions as a reference for future studies. The scale dependence and long-distance-matrix-element dependence are also investigated in this paper.
Entwicklung und inhaltliche Validierung eines Fragebogens für funktionelle Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Michaelis Rosa , Brüggemann Norbert , Ebersbach Georg , Ganos Christos , Münchau Alexander , Schmidt Tamara , Weißbach Anne , Schlegel Uwe , Popkirov Stoyan 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungVon Kriegszitterern zu Teenies mit TikTok-Tics – funktionelle Bewegungsstörungen galten lange als motorischer Ausdruck seelischer Turbulenzen. Tatsächlich werden psychodynamische Modelle jedoch zunehmend durch neurophysiologische Erkenntnisse ergänzt, sodass die Kombination von Psychotherapie mit spezialisierter Physiotherapie an Bedeutung gewinnt. Bislang existiert allerdings kein störungsspezifisches Ergebnismaß, welches patientenrelevante Aspekte dieser vielfältigen Störung adäquat abbildet. Ein erster derartiger Fragebogen wurde entwickelt und in einem mehrstufigen Entwicklungsprozess inhaltlich validiert. Relevanz und Verständlichkeit der Items wurden zuerst durch ein Expertengremium und anschließend durch betroffene Patienten evaluiert und entsprechend angepasst. Der so konstruierte Fragebogen erlaubt erstmals eine inhaltlich valide Quantifizierung der subjektiven Beschwerden und Auswirkungen funktioneller Bewegungsstörungen. Als Nächstes erfolgt eine multizentrische teststatistische Validierung.
Methodological quality of machine learning-based quantitative imaging analysis studies in esophageal cancer: a systematic review of clinical outcome prediction after concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shi Zhenwei , Zhang Zhen , Liu Zaiyi , Zhao Lujun , Ye Zhaoxiang , Dekker Andre , Wee Leonard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Studies based on machine learning-based quantitative imaging techniques have gained much interest in cancer research. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the existing machine learning-based quantitative imaging analysis studies predicting outcomes of esophageal cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The citation search was performed via PubMed and Embase Ovid databases for literature published before April 2021. From each full-text article, study characteristics and model information were summarized. We proposed an appraisal matrix with 13 items to assess the methodological quality of each study based on recommended best-practices pertaining to quality.

Results
Out of 244 identified records, 37 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study endpoints included prognosis, treatment response, and toxicity after concurrent chemoradiotherapy with reported discrimination metrics in validation datasets between 0.6 and 0.9, with wide variation in quality. A total of 30 studies published within the last 5 years were evaluated for methodological quality and we found 11 studies with at least 6 “good” item ratings.

Conclusion
A substantial number of studies lacked prospective registration, external validation, model calibration, and support for use in clinic. To further improve the predictive power of machine learning-based models and translate into real clinical applications in cancer research, appropriate methodologies, prospective registration, and multi-institution validation are recommended.
Grading der Tumorregression gastrointestinaler Karzinome nach neoadjuvanter Therapie
Authors: Liu Drolaiz , Langer Rupert 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungPrä- oder perioperative Chemo- oder Radiochemotherapie und anschließende Resektion ist die Standardtherapie von lokal fortgeschrittenem Ösophagus‑, Magen- und Rektumkarzinom. Eine Tumorregressionsgraduierung (TRG, auch Tumorregressionsgrad) kategorisiert das Ausmaß der regressiven Veränderungen nach neoadjuvanter Behandlung. Für gastrointestinale Karzinome existieren mehrere TRG-Systeme, die sich entweder auf das Ausmaß der therapieinduzierten Fibrose im Verhältnis zum Resttumor oder den geschätzten Anteil des Resttumors im Bereich des ehemaligen Tumorareals beziehen. Ein ideales TRG-System zeigt eine signifikante Interobserverübereinstimmung und bietet relevante prognostische Informationen – in den meisten Fällen ist eine vollständige oder nahezu vollständige Regression nach neoadjuvanter Therapie mit verbesserter Prognose verbunden. In diesem Review werden die am häufigsten verwendeten TRG-Systeme für gastrointestinale Karzinome vorgestellt und diskutiert. Zudem werden aktuelle Punkte wie die Standardisierung der Angabe von TRGs und die Thematik der Regression bei Lymphknotenmetastasen im Kontext eines TRG-Systems behandelt.
The need for tumor surveillance of children and adolescents with cancer predisposition syndromes: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary-care children’s hospital
Authors: Huber Simon , Schimmel Mareike , Dunstheimer Désirée , Nemes Karolina , Richter Markus , Streble Joachim , Vollert Kurt , Walden Ulrike , Frühwald Michael C. , Kuhlen Michaela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExpert recommendations for the management of tumor surveillance in children with a variety of cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) are available. We aimed (1) at identifying and characterizing children who are affected by a CPS and (2) at comparing current practice and consensus recommendations of the American Association for Cancer Research workshop in 2016. We performed a database search in the hospital information system of the University Children’s Hospital for CPS in children, adolescents, and young adults and complemented this by review of electronic patients’ charts. Between January 1, 2017, and December 3, 2019, 272 patients with 41 different CPS entities were identified in 20 departments (144 [52.9%] male, 128 [47.1%] female, median age 9.1 years, range, 0.4–27.8). Three (1.1%) patients died of non-malignancy-associated complications of the CPS; 49 (18.0%) patients were diagnosed with malignancy and received regular follow-up. For 209 (95.0%) of the remaining 220 patients, surveillance recommendations were available: 30/220 (13.6%) patients received CPS consultations according to existing consensus recommendations, 22/220 (10.0%) institutional surveillance approaches were not complying with recommendations, 84/220 (38.2%) patients were seen for other reasons, and 84/220 (38.2%) were not routinely cared for. Adherence to recommendations differed extensively among CPS entities.Conclusion: The spectrum of CPS patients at our tertiary-care children’s hospital is manifold. For most patients, awareness of cancer risk has to be enhanced and current practice needs to be adapted to consensus recommendations. Offering specialized CPS consultations and establishing education programs for patients, relatives, and physicians may increase adherence to recommendations.

What is Known:

• A wide spectrum of rare syndromes manifesting in childhood is associated with an increased cancer risk.

• For many of these syndromes, expert recommendations for management and tumor surveillance are available, although based on limited evidence.

What is New:

• Evaluating current practice, our data attest significant shortcomings in tumor surveillance of children and adolescents with CPS even in a tertiary-care children’s hospital.

• We clearly advocate a systematic and consistent integration of tumor surveillance into daily practice.
Tight Bounds on the Expected Runtime of a Standard Steady State Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Oliveto Pietro S. , Sudholt Dirk , Witt Carsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent progress in the runtime analysis of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) has allowed the derivation of upper bounds on the expected runtime of standard steady-state genetic algorithms (GAs). These upper bounds have shown speed-ups of the GAs using crossover and mutation over the same algorithms that only use mutation operators (i.e., steady-state EAs) both for standard unimodal (i.e., OneMax) and multimodal (i.e., Jump) benchmark functions. The bounds suggest that populations are beneficial to the GA as well as higher mutation rates than the default 1/n rate. However, making rigorous claims was not possible because matching lower bounds were not available. Proving lower bounds on crossover-based EAs is a notoriously difficult task as it is hard to capture the progress that a diverse population can make. We use a potential function approach to prove a tight lower bound on the expected runtime of the (2+1) GA for OneMax for all mutation rates c/n with $$c < 1.422$$

c
<
1.422

. This provides the last piece of the puzzle that completes the proof that larger population sizes improve the performance of the standard steady-state GA for OneMax for various mutation rates, and it proves that the optimal mutation rate for the (2+1) GA on OneMax is $$(\sqrt{97}-5)/(4n) \approx 1.2122/n$$

(

97

-
5
)

/

(
4
n
)

≈
1.2122
/
n

.
Psychological distress and health-related quality of life among women with breast cancer: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Phoosuwan Nitikorn , Lundberg Pranee C. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found in women in Sweden and worldwide. Treatment leads to increased survival of patients, but they are at risk to experience psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, and decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study investigated the relationship between psychological distress and HRQoL and related factors among women with breast cancer in Sweden.

Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Sweden. A total of 481 women with breast cancer answered voluntarily a questionnaire about sociodemographic and support factors, psychological distress, and HRQoL. Data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results
Psychological distress was related to HRQoL in terms of body image, future perspective, side effects of systemic therapy, breast symptoms, arm symptoms, and hair loss. Women with lower age were associated with increased symptoms of anxiety, while those having undergone breast reconstruction were associated with increased symptoms of depression. Breast reconstruction and chemotherapy worsened body image, low support from partner decreased sexual functioning and enjoyment, and low support from physicians and nurses worsened future perspective, side effects of systemic therapy, breast symptoms, and indignation about hair loss.

Conclusions
Psychological distress was correlated with the HRQoL. Increased support from physicians, nurses, and husband/partner may increase the HRQoL among women with breast cancer. Breast cancer treatments such as breast reconstruction and chemotherapy were factors that decreased the psychological distress and increased the HRQoL.
Das Mikrobiom bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis, Teil 1
Authors: Köll Theresa , Brunner Jürgen 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Entstehung der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA), der häufigsten rheumatischen Erkrankung im Kindesalter, wird durch genetische Prädisposition, umweltbezogene Faktoren und immunologische Mechanismen beeinflusst. Eine entscheidende Rolle wird der humanen Mikrobiota zugeschrieben, die sich in den Epithelzellen des Darms, der Haut und des Respirationstrakts befindet. Für die Entwicklung und Funktion einer gesunden Immunabwehr ist ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen Immunsystem und Mikrobiota essenziell. Durch eine Störung des Gleichgewichts kommt es zur sogenannten Dysbiose, also einer pathologisch veränderten Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms, die durch überschießende Immunreaktionen zu Entzündungsprozessen führt und damit die Entstehung immunmediierter Erkrankungen begünstigt. Ein pathologisch verändertes Mikrobiom rechtzeitig zu erkennen und das physiologische Gleichgewicht wiederherzustellen, könnte in der Prävention und in der Therapie mikrobiomassoziierter Erkrankungen neue Möglichkeiten eröffnen.
An Italian perspective on the development of financial mathematics from 1992 to 2008
Authors: Runggaldier Wolfgang J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper is intended to be a survey of the development of financial mathematics as seen through the events that I organised, and partly co-organised, between 1992 and 2008. These events all took place in Italy between 1992 and 2003, while in 2008 I was involved in the organisation of an entire special semester in Linz (Austria); this semester is included here because it marks quite well the state-of-the-art of the period just before the so-called big financial crisis that lasted from, roughly, 2008 to 2012. Even if the survey may be affected by my personal views, it can still be seen as reflecting the actual global development since what I am going to describe here concerns major occurrences. For completeness, I also mention, although only briefly, some events that took place in Italy during the given period, but where I was not personally involved.
My journey through finance and stochastics
Authors: Musiela Marek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis year, Finance and Stochastics celebrates its 25th anniversary. The journal provides a platform for the community of researchers on which they can publish their ideas and results.Publication is an outcome of research which may be conducted for a number of years before it reaches the required maturity. I find this research process to be very important. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to decode it from reading the research publications. This special issue of Finance and Stochastics gives me an opportunity to focus on it. I am grateful I can present my personal memory of this process. Understanding why questions are asked and how the answers are found is critical.