bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantized control for a class of neural networks with adaptive event‐triggered scheme and complex cyber‐attacks
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Suo Wei , Xie Xiangpeng , Yue Dong , Cao Jinde 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the quantized control problem for neural networks with adaptive event‐triggered scheme (AETS) and complex cyber‐attacks. By fully considering the characteristics of cyber‐attacks, a mathematical model of complex cyber‐attacks, which consists of replay attacks, deception attacks, and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks, is firstly built for neural networks. For the sake of relieving the pressure under limited communication resources, an AETS and a quantization mechanism are employed in this article. By utilizing Lyapunov stability theory, adequate conditions ensuring the stability of neural networks are obtained. Moreover, the controller gain is derived by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. At last, the usefulness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example.
Graphene‐Nanorod Enhanced Quasi‐Van Der Waals Epitaxy for High Indium Composition Nitride Films
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Bingyao , Ren Fang , Yin Yue , Wang Yunyu , Chen Zhaolong , Jiang Bei , Liu Bingzhi , Liu Zhetong , Sun Jingyu , Liang Meng , Yan Jianchang , Wei Tongbo , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Gao Peng , Liu Zhongfan , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe nitride films with high indium (In) composition play a crucial role in the fabrication of In‐rich InGaN‐based optoelectronic devices. However, a major limitation is In incorporation requiring a low temperature during growth at the expense of nitride dissociation. Here, to overcome this limitation, a strain‐modulated growth method, namely the graphene (Gr)‐nanorod (NR) enhanced quasi‐van der Waals epitaxy, is proposed to increase the In composition in InGaN alloy. The lattice transparency of Gr enables constraint of in‐plane orientation of nitride film and epitaxial relationships at the heterointerface. The Gr interlayer together with NRs buffer layer substantially reduces the stress of the GaN film by 74.4%, from 0.9 to 0.23 GPa, and thus increases the In incorporation by 30.7%. The first principles calculations confirm that the release of strain accounts for the dramatic improvement. The photoluminescence peak of multiple quantum wells shifts from 461 to 497 nm and the functionally small‐sized cyan light‐emitting diodes of 7 × 9 mil2 are demonstrated. These findings provide an efficient approach for the growth of In‐rich InGaN film and extend the applications of nitrides in advanced optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric devices.
NEURoaid II (MLC901) in cognitively Impaired not demenTEd patientS (NEURITES): A pilot double blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Chen Christopher L. H. , Nguyen Trọng Hung , Marasigan Simeon , Lee Chun Fan , Lu Qingshu , Kandiah Nagaendran , de Silva Deidre , Chong Eddie , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of MLC901 in vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND) patients.DesignThis was a multi‐center, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled pilot study.Setting and participantVCIND patients from hospitals in Singapore (67), Vietnam (19), and the Philippines (17) were recruited and followed‐up from March 2013 to April 2018.MethodsThe primary outcome was executive function as measured by the Verbal Fluency (VF) and 2‐part Color Trails Test (CTT). The mean difference in the scores between baseline and week 12, and baseline and week 24, was compared between MLC901 and placebo using a two‐sample t‐test.ResultsThe trial randomized 103 subjects: MLC901 (n = 57) and placebo (n = 46). The mean age of participants was 68.3 ± 8.4 years and 38.8% were female. Improvement in executive function with MLC901 was not significantly better than placebo at week 12 (CTT1 mean difference [md] 3.8 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –9.0 to 16.5, CTT2 md 10.9 seconds, 95% CI: –0.2 to 22.0), and at week 24 (CTT1 md 2.8 seconds, 95% CI: –8.4 to 14.0, CTT2 md = 4.4 seconds, 95% CI: –8.2 to 16.9). Improvement in VF from baseline was not significantly different between MLC901 and placebo at weeks 12 and 24. There were no significant differences in adverse events (43.5% vs. 56.1%) or serious adverse events (13% vs. 22.8%) in placebo versus MLC901 groups. In post hoc exploratory analysis, the treatment effect of MLC901 on cognitive function appears more apparent in subjects with existing impairment in executive function: CTT2 (md 14.4 seconds [P = .05] and 9.9 seconds [P = .3] at week 12 and week 24, respectively).ConclusionsWhilst MLC901 appears to be safe, there was no significant cognitive benefit from MLC901 in the study population. Post hoc hypotheses generating analyses suggest that VCIND patients with existing impairment in executive function may show benefit.
Bulk interactions and boundary dual of higher-spin-charged particles
Authors: David Adrian , Neiman Yasha 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider higher-spin gravity in (Euclidean) AdS4, dual to a free vector model on the 3d boundary. In the bulk theory, we study the linearized version of the Didenko-Vasiliev black hole solution: a particle that couples to the gauge fields of all spins through a BPS-like pattern of charges. We study the interaction between two such particles at leading order. The sum over spins cancels the UV divergences that occur when the two particles are brought close together, for (almost) any value of the relative velocity. This is a higher-spin enhancement of supergravity’s famous feature, the cancellation of the electric and gravitational forces between two BPS particles at rest. In the holographic context, we point out that these “Didenko-Vasiliev particles” are just the bulk duals of bilocal operators in the boundary theory. For this identification, we use the Penrose transform between bulk fields and twistor functions, together with its holographic dual that relates twistor functions to boundary sources. In the resulting picture, the interaction between two Didenko-Vasiliev particles is just a geodesic Witten diagram that calculates the correlator of two boundary bilocals. We speculate on implications for a possible reformulation of the bulk theory, and for its non-locality issues.
Extensive studies of the neutron star equation of state from the deep learning inference with the observational data augmentation
Authors: Fujimoto Yuki , Fukushima Kenji , Murase Koichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We discuss deep learning inference for the neutron star equation of state (EoS) using the real observational data of the mass and the radius. We make a quantitative comparison between the conventional polynomial regression and the neural network approach for the EoS parametrization. For our deep learning method to incorporate uncertainties in observation, we augment the training data with noise fluctuations corresponding to observational uncertainties. Deduced EoSs can accommodate a weak first-order phase transition, and we make a histogram for likely first-order regions. We also find that our observational data augmentation has a byproduct to tame the overfitting behavior. To check the performance improved by the data augmentation, we set up a toy model as the simplest inference problem to recover a double-peaked function and monitor the validation loss. We conclude that the data augmentation could be a useful technique to evade the overfitting without tuning the neural network architecture such as inserting the dropout.
Confinement and moduli locking of Alice strings and monopoles
Authors: Nitta Muneto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We argue that strings (vortices) and monopoles are confined, when fields receiving nontrivial Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases around a string develop vacuum expectation values (VEVs). We illustrate this in an SU(2)×U(1) gauge theory with charged triplet complex scalar fields admitting Alice strings and monopoles, by introducing charged doublet scalar fields receiving nontrivial AB phases around the Alice string. The Alice string carries a half U(1) magnetic flux and 1/4 SU(2) magnetic flux taking a value in two of the SU(2) generators characterizing the U(1) modulus. This string is not confined in the absence of a doublet VEV in the sense that the SU(2) magnetic flux can be detected at large distance by an AB phase around the string. When the doublet field develops VEVs, there appear two kinds of phases that we call deconfined and confined phases. When a single Alice string is present in the deconfined phase, the U(1) modulus of the string and the vacuum moduli are locked (the bulk-soliton moduli locking). In the confined phase, the Alice string is inevitably attached by a domain wall that we call an AB defect and is confined with an anti-Alice string or another Alice string with the same SU(2) flux. Depending on the partner, the pair annihilates or forms a stable doubly-wound Alice string having an SU(2) magnetic flux inside the core, whose color cannot be detected at large distance by AB phases, implying the “color” confinement. The theory also admits stable Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen string and a ℤ2 string in the absence of the doublet VEVs, and each decays into two Alice strings in the presence of the doublet VEVs. A monopole in this theory can be constructed as a closed Alice string with the U(1) modulus twisted once, and we show that with the doublet VEVs, monopoles are also confined to monopole mesons of the monopole charge two.
Cosmological solutions, a new wick-rotation, and the first law of thermodynamics
Authors: Gutowski J. , Mohaupt T. , Pope G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a modified implementation of the Euclidean action formalism suitable for studying the thermodynamics of a class of cosmological solutions containing Killing horizons. To obtain a real metric of definite signature, we perform a “triple Wick-rotation” by analytically continuing all spacelike directions. The resulting Euclidean geometry is used to calculate the Euclidean on-shell action, which defines a thermodynamic potential. We show that for the vacuum de Sitter solution, planar solutions of Einstein-Maxwell theory and a previously found class of cosmological solutions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity, this thermodynamic potential can be used to define an internal energy which obeys the first law of thermodynamics. Our approach is complementary to, but consistent with the isolated horizon formalism. For planar Einstein-Maxwell solutions, we find dual solutions in Einstein-anti-Maxwell theory where the sign of the Maxwell term is reversed. These solutions are planar black holes, rather than cosmological solutions, but give rise, upon a standard Wick-rotation to the same Euclidean action and thermodynamic relations.
Causes, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Patients Readmitted to the Intensive Care Unit After Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tong Chaoyang , Cao Hui , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Deyuan , Zhang Hui , Xu Meiying , Luo Yan , Wu Jingxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundReadmission to intensive care unit (ICU) after esophageal cancer surgery is a major concern and can be associated with increased adverse outcomes. This study aims to explore causes, risk factors and early outcomes.MethodsWe performed a monocentric retrospective analysis in 1140 patients who received esophageal cancer surgery in a higher volume surgeon group between January 2016 and December 2019, at Shanghai Chest Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors, and 1:4 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to compare early outcomes.ResultsThe incidence of ICU readmission was about 3.8% (43 of 1140). The most common cause was respiratory failure, found in 30 patients (70%). ICU readmission mainly occurred within 3 days after surgery, accounting for 46.5% (20 of 43), with the median length of stay was 3 days. Multivariate analysis identified heavy smoking (odds ratio[OR] = 2.445, 95% CI = 1.128 to 5.301, P = 0.024), intraoperative hypoxemia (OR = 2.461, 95% CI = 1.078 to 5.621, P = 0.033), mechanical ventilation during initial ICU stay (OR = 16.036, 95% CI = 7.332 to 35.074, P < 0.001), postoperative anemia (OR = 3.993, 95% CI = 1.893 to 8.420, P < 0.001) and unplanned reoperation (OR = 45.378, 95% CI = 13.023 to 158.122, P < 0.001) as independent risk factors for ICU readmission. Compared with no‐readmitted patients, patients readmitted to ICU were associated with increased postoperative pulmonary complications (44.2% vs 97.7%, P < 0.001), prolonged median length of hospital stay (9[7–11] vs 19[13–30], P < 0.001) and ICU stay (1[1–3] vs 7[4–11], P < 0.001), higher hospitalization expenses (14,916 ± 3483 vs 19,850 ± 7595 dollars, P < 0.001) and 30‐day readmission rates (1.8% vs 9.3%, P = 0.011). After 1:4 PSM, the baseline characteristics were comparable and the matched results were similar.ConclusionsThis study identified five independent risk factors for ICU readmission, which were associated with adverse early outcomes. Preemptive attention given to pulmonary complications within three days after surgery may be important to prevent patients from ICU readmission.
Reconstruction of the 3D pressure field and energy dissipation of a Taylor droplet from a $$\upmu$$PIV measurement
Authors: Mießner Ulrich , Helmers Thorben , Lindken Ralph , Westerweel Jerry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we reconstruct the 3D pressure field and derive the 3D contributions of the energy dissipation from a 3D3C velocity field measurement of Taylor droplets moving in a horizontal microchannel ($$\rm Ca_c=0.0050$$

Ca
c

=
0.0050

, $$\rm Re_c=0.0519$$

Re
c

=
0.0519

, $$\rm Bo=0.0043$$

Bo
=
0.0043

, $$\lambda =\tfrac{\eta _{d}}{\eta _{c}}=2.625$$

λ
=

η
d

η
c

=
2.625

). We divide the pressure field in a wall-proximate part and a core-flow to describe the phenomenology. At the wall, the pressure decreases expectedly in downstream direction. In contrast, we find a reversed pressure gradient in the core of the flow that drives the bypass flow of continuous phase through the corners (gutters) and causes the Taylor droplet’s relative velocity between the faster droplet flow and the slower mean flow. Based on the pressure field, we quantify the driving pressure gradient of the bypass flow and verify a simple estimation method: the geometry of the gutter entrances delivers a Laplace pressure difference. As a direct measure for the viscous dissipation, we calculate the 3D distribution of work done on the flow elements, that is necessary to maintain the stationarity of the Taylor flow. The spatial integration of this distribution provides the overall dissipated energy and allows to identify and quantify different contributions from the individual fluid phases, from the wall-proximate layer and from the flow redirection due to presence of the droplet interface. For the first time, we provide deep insight into the 3D pressure field and the distribution of the energy dissipation in the Taylor flow based on experimentally acquired 3D3C velocity data. We provide the 3D pressure field of and the 3D distribution of work as supplementary material to enable a benchmark for CFD and numerical simulations.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of two disease‑specific instruments assessing health-related quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media
Authors: Mlynski Robert , Bächinger David , Langanke Theresa , Lailach Susen , Neudert Marcus , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluating the current health state in chronic otitis media (COM), audiologic results are complemented by subjective outcomes, such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Two disease-specific instruments assessing HRQoL in COM in German-speaking patients exist, i.e., the chronic otitis media outcome test (COMOT-15) and the Zurich chronic middle ear inventory (ZCMEI-21). Since the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in a concurrent application are unknown, the aim of this study was to compare the COMOT-15 and the ZCMEI-21.

Methods
HRQoL was assessed in adult COM patients using the COMOT-15 and the ZCMEI-21. Psychometric properties were determined, including response distribution, concurrent validity, internal consistency, correlation to hearing and gender differences.

Results
In 173 patients (mean age 51.5 years), both questionnaires showed normally distributed scores without strong floor and ceiling effects. The total scores and subscores of both questionnaires exhibited satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.7–0.9) with the exception of the COMOT-15 hearing subscore (α = 0.94) and the ZCMEI-21 medical resource subscore (α = 0.66). Fair correlations between the air conduction pure-tone average and the total scores were found (COMOT-15: r = 0.36, p < 0.0001; ZCMEI-21: r = 0.34, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
In the first study comparing the COMOT-15 and the ZCMEI-21, both questionnaires exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties with several subtle differences. The COMOT-15 has a strong focus on hearing with a probably redundant content of the hearing subscore and may be suited for hearing-focused research questions. The ZCMEI-21 provides a comprehensive assessment of the COM symptom complex and may therefore also be used in research settings, where ear discharge, vertigo or pain should be covered.
Ticks on game animals in the fragmented agricultural landscape of western Poland
Authors: Ciebiera Olaf , Łopińska Andżelina , Gabryś Grzegorz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTicks (Acari: Ixodida) are well known external parasites of game animals that cause serious veterinary and medical problems. The occurrence and geographical distribution of different species of ticks in Western Poland have changed over the last decades. The purpose of the present study was to determine the species spectrum and prevalence of ticks parasitizing three species of game animals, the Eurasian wild boar Sus scrofa L., red deer Cervus elaphus L., and roe deer Capreolus capreolus (L.) in two hunting districts in Lubuskie Province. In addition, the distribution of ticks on the host’s body and the intensity of infestation were determined. Ticks were collected from dead animals during the hunting seasons in 2013 and 2014, over the periods from May to June and from August to December. In total, 286 specimens were examined: 138 Eurasian wild boars, 8 red deers, and 140 roe deers. Altogether, 1891 ticks were collected. Three species of ticks were determined: Ixodes ricinus (L.), Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794), and Haemaphysalis concinna (C.L. Koch, 1844). H. concinna was recorded for the first time in Lubuskie Province.
The Multi-Cover Persistence of Euclidean Balls
Authors: Edelsbrunner Herbert , Osang Georg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGiven a locally finite $$X \subseteq {{{\mathbb {R}}}}^d$$

X
⊆

R

d

and a radius $$r \ge 0$$

r
≥
0

, the k-fold cover of X and r consists of all points in $${{{\mathbb {R}}}}^d$$

R

d

that have k or more points of X within distance r. We consider two filtrations—one in scale obtained by fixing k and increasing r, and the other in depth obtained by fixing r and decreasing k—and we compute the persistence diagrams of both. While standard methods suffice for the filtration in scale, we need novel geometric and topological concepts for the filtration in depth. In particular, we introduce a rhomboid tiling in $${{{\mathbb {R}}}}^{d+1}$$

R

d
+
1

whose horizontal integer slices are the order-k Delaunay mosaics of X, and construct a zigzag module of Delaunay mosaics that is isomorphic to the persistence module of the multi-covers.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on suicide attempts
Authors: Carlin Greta L. , Baumgartner Josef S. , Moftakhar Timon , König Daniel , Negrin Lukas L. 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Background
In response to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic the Austrian government issued a lockdown from 16 March to 15 May 2020. As periods of economic and emotional burden have proven to detrimentally affect people’s psychological health, healthcare officials warned that the strict measures could have a serious impact on psychological health, leading to an increase in suicide attempts. Thus, the objective was to provide evidence for this assumption.

Methods
All adult patients admitted to the trauma resuscitation room of the Medical University of Vienna during the lockdown period following a suicide attempt were included in this analysis, forming the study group. Suicidal patients treated during the same period in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019 were pooled to create the control group. The year 2017 was excluded because another major hospital in Vienna was partially closed due to a change in infrastructure, resulting in an increased number of severely injured patients treated at our department. As the lockdown caused a markedly decreased number of patients admitted due to other reasons than suicide the actual number was replaced with the average number of patients admitted in the relevant previous 4 years.

Results
By comparing the study and the control group based on this realistic estimate we revealed an increase in attempted suicides during the lockdown period (p = 0.001). Demographic, mental health-related, and injury specific patient data did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion
The results strongly urge for an improvement in crisis intervention and suicide prevention measures in the event of a future lockdown.
Alterations in Rev-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio and glycated hemoglobin in rotating shift workers: the EuRhythDia study
Authors: Rizza Stefano , Luzi Alessio , Mavilio Maria , Ballanti Marta , Massimi Arianna , Porzio Ottavia , Magrini Andrea , Hannemann Juliane , Menghini Rossella , Lehrke Michael , Staels Bart , Grant Peter J. , Boger Rainer H. , Marx Nikolaus , Federici Massimo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
To detect premature gluco-metabolic defects among night shift workers with disturbances in circadian rhythms.

Design and methods
We performed a hypothesis-generating, cross-sectional analysis of anthropometric, metabolic, lipid, and inflammation parameters, comparing active (a-NSW, n = 111) and former (f-NSW, n = 98) rotating night shift workers with diurnal workers (controls, n = 69). All participants were hospital nurses. We also evaluated the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and assessed expression of transcription factors REV-ERBα and BMAL1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as indicators of the molecular clock.

Results
Both a-NSW and f-NSW participants had significantly higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and white blood cell counts (WBC) (p < 0.001 for both), PSQI global score (p = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure levels (p = 0.024) compared with controls. Expression of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 RNA in PBMC was significantly higher in a-NSW (p = 0.05) than in f-NSW or control participants. Multivariate regression analysis showed that working status and PSQI were independent determinants of higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
We demonstrated that young, healthy night shift workers show subclinical abnormalities in HbA1c and changes in peripheral clock gene expression.