bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia
Authors: da Silva Manuella C. , Cruz Antonio Pedro M. , Teixeira Maria O. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
One of the most serious socio-educational measures for children and adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil is their internment. This measure may represent an additional source of stress to this population and present significant impacts in the mental health context. This study aims to describe anxiety levels, depression, and addictive consumption, as well as to estimate the causalities and interactions of these variables.

Methods
Herein, we report a study in which 175 male juveniles from youth detention institutions of the Federal District voluntarily completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a short self-rating questionnaire asking whether and how often they had experienced cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard” psychotropic drugs (e.g., crack, cocaine, amphetamine) 1 year prior to institutionalization.

Results
Of the total participants, 28.00% showed moderate to severe depression scores and 34.28% showed moderate to severe anxiety scores. In addition, the vast majority of participants also reported some antecedent drug abuse, including cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard drugs.” The BDI scores moderately correlated with BAI, but none of these parameters considerably correlated with the antecedent drug abuse.

Conclusions
The data indicate potentially concerning levels of emotional distress in these institutionalized juveniles which seem to be independent of addictive behaviors. These data deserve attention and further investigation. Thus, a need for preventative mental health for the general population and socio-educational intervention aimed at interned youth which can decrease levels of emotional stress is emphasized.
Virtual external implementation facilitation: successful methods for remotely engaging groups in quality improvement
Authors: Hartmann Christine W. , Engle Ryann L. , Pimentel Camilla B. , Mills Whitney L. , Clark Valerie A. , Keleher Virginia C. , Nash Princess , Ott Corilyn , Roland Therasia , Sloup Sharon , Frank Barbara , Brady Cathie , Snow A. Lynn 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Relatively little guidance exists on how to use virtual implementation facilitation to successfully implement evidence-based practices and innovations into clinical programs. Yet virtual methods are increasingly common. They have potentially wider reach, emergent public health situations necessitate their use, and restrictions on resources can make them more attractive. We therefore outline a set of principles for virtual external implementation facilitation and a series of recommendations based on extensive experience successfully using virtual external implementation facilitation in a national program.

Model and recommendations
Success in virtual external implementation facilitation may be achieved by facilitators applying three overarching principles: pilot everything, incorporate a model, and prioritize metacognition. Five practical principles also help: plan in advance, communicate in real time, build relationships, engage participants, and construct a virtual room for participants. We present eight concrete suggestions for enacting the practical principles: (1) assign key facilitation roles to facilitation team members to ensure the program runs smoothly; (2) create small cohorts of participants so they can have meaningful interactions; (3) provide clarity and structure for all participant interactions; (4) structure program content to ensure key points are described, reinforced, and practiced; (5) use visuals to supplement audio content; (6) build activities into the agenda that enable participants to immediately apply knowledge at their own sites, separate from the virtual experience; (7) create backup plans whenever possible; and (8) engage all participants in the program.

Summary
These principles represent a novel conceptualization of virtual external implementation facilitation, giving structure to a process that has been, to date, inadequately described. The associated actions are demonstrably useful in supporting the principles and offer teams interested in virtual external implementation facilitation concrete methods by which to ensure success. Our examples stem from experiences in healthcare. But the principles can, in theory, be applied to virtual external implementation facilitation regardless of setting, as they and the associated actions are not setting specific.
Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Retrospective Analysis of Recurrence and Survival in Women Treated for Breast Cancer at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Ayettey Anie Hannah , Yarney Joel , Sanuade Olutobi , Awasthi Shivanshu , Ndanu Tom Akuetteh , Parekh Akash D. , Aidoo Charles , Dadzie Mary Ann , Vanderpuye Verna , Yamoah Kosj 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE It is established that addition of systemic therapy to locoregional treatment for breast cancer improves survival. However, reliable data are lacking about the outcomes of such treatment in women with breast cancer in low middle-income countries. We compared the outcomes of treatment in patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or adjuvant chemotherapy and examined the factors associated with breast cancer recurrence and survival at the National Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. The medical charts of women with breast cancer managed at the National Radiotherapy Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Centre from 2005 to 2014 were reviewed. A total of 388 patients with a median follow-up of 48 months were included in the study. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of recurrence. Survival was estimated using cox proportional hazards model. All models were adjusted with clinicopathologic variables. A P value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Fifty-nine percent received adjuvant chemotherapy. In an adjusted logistic model, no difference was observed in locoregional recurrence between patients receiving NACT compared with those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.44 to 2.47). However, NACT recipients had a higher likelihood of distant recurrence (odds ratio = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.15). In a multivariable analysis, no differences were observed in overall survival between the two chemotherapy groups (hazard ratio = 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.26). CONCLUSION NACT yields similar outcomes compared with adjuvant chemotherapy; however, recipients of NACT with advanced disease may have more distant failures. Early detection in a resource-limited setting is therefore crucial to optimal outcomes, significantly limiting recurrence and improving survival.
Loss of SNAI2 in Prostate Cancer Correlates With Clinical Response to Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Cmero Marek , Kurganovs Natalie J. , Stuchbery Ryan , McCoy Patrick , Grima Corrina , Ngyuen Anne , Chow Ken , Mangiola Stefano , Macintyre Geoff , Howard Nicholas , Kerger Michael , Dundee Philip , Ruljancich Paul , Clarke David , Grummet Jeremy , Peters Justin S. , Costello Anthony J. , Norden Sam , Ryan Andrew , Parente Phillip , Hovens Christopher M. , Corcoran Niall M. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important in prostate cancer progression, and therapies that target this pathway have been the mainstay of treatment for advanced disease for over 70 years. Tumors eventually progress despite castration through a number of well-characterized mechanisms; however, little is known about what determines the magnitude of response to short-term pathway inhibition. METHODS We evaluated a novel combination of AR-targeting therapies (degarelix, abiraterone, and bicalutamide) and noted that the objective patient response to therapy was highly variable. To investigate what was driving treatment resistance in poorly responding patients, as a secondary outcome we comprehensively characterized pre- and post-treatment samples using both whole-genome and RNA sequencing. RESULTS We find that resistance following short-term treatment differs molecularly from typical progressive castration-resistant disease, associated with transcriptional reprogramming, to a transitional epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype rather than an upregulation of AR signaling. Unexpectedly, tolerance to therapy appears to be the default state, with treatment response correlating with the prevalence of tumor cells deficient for SNAI2, a key regulator of EMT reprogramming. CONCLUSION We show that EMT characterizes acutely resistant prostate tumors and that deletion of SNAI2, a key transcriptional regulator of EMT, correlates with clinical response.
Decolonizing Trans/Gender Studies?
Authors: Tudor Alyosxa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this article, the author argues that a decolonial perspective on gender means conceptualizing it as always already trans. The object of investigation is gender as a category and gender studies as a field of knowledge. To discuss what decolonizing trans/gender studies in Europe could mean, the author aims to bring different strands together that have been held apart so far: resistance against global attacks on gender studies, resistance against transphobic feminism, and the “decolonising the curriculum” movement in the United Kingdom. A critical focus on Eurocentric knowledge and truth claims means to define Europe as a complex set of geopolitical, historical, and epistemological processes and not just as a neutral location. At British universities, a mostly student-led movement has started to emerge that fights for decolonizing higher education. This movement is inspired by transnational student movements like Rhodes/Fees Must Fall in South Africa and calls for challenging racist, colonialist, nationalist, and neoliberal paradigms in knowledge production by addressing both issues of epistemology and access to higher education. Applying central political claims of the “decolonising the curriculum” movement, the author explores potentials and challenges of the task of decolonizing trans/gender studies in Europe and the global North. The author's intervention opens up a discussion on how to conceptualize knowledge on transgender with a central focus on decolonial and transnational perspectives.
Rotationally tunable varifocal 3D metalens
Authors: Balli Fatih , Sultan Mansoor A. , Hastings J. Todd 
Published: June 2021

Varifocal optics have a variety of applications in imaging systems. Metasurfaces offer control of the phase, transmission, and polarization of light using subwavelength engineered structures. However, conventional metasurface designs lack dynamic wavefront shaping which limits their application. In this work, we design and fabricate 3D doublet metalenses with a tunable focal length. The phase control of light is obtained through the mutual rotation of the singlet structures. Inspired by Moiré lenses, the proposed structure consists of two all-dielectric metasurfaces. The singlets have reverse-phase profiles resulting in the cancellation of the phase shift in the nominal position. In this design, we show that the mutual rotation of the elements produces different wavefronts with quadratic radial dependence. Thus, an input plane wave is converted to spherical wavefronts whose focal length depends on the rotation. We use a combination of a nanopillar and a phase plate as the unit cell structure working at a wavelength of 1500 nm. Our design holds promise for a range of applications such as zoom lenses, microscopy, and augmented reality.
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex 2, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C and associated factors among a cohort of men ages 18–70 years from three countries
Authors: Rahman Shams , Wathington Deanna , Waterboer Tim , Pawlita Michael , Villa Luisa L. , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Willhauck-Fleckenstein Martina , Brenner Nicole , Giuliano Anna R. 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
To estimate the seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), herpes simplex type-2 (HSV2), hepatitis C (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and nine human papilloma virus (HPV) types, and investigated factors associated with the seropositivity among men from three countries (Brazil, Mexico and U.S).

Methods
Archived serum specimens collected at enrollment for n = 600 men were tested for antibodies against CT, HSV2, HCV, EBV, and 9-valent HPV vaccine types (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) using multiplex serologic assays. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and sexual behavior data at enrollment were collected through a questionnaire.

Results
Overall, 39.3% of the men were seropositive for CT, 25.4% for HSV2, 1.3% for HCV, 97.3% for EBV, 14.0% for at least one of the seven oncogenic HPV (types: 16/18/31/33/45/52/58), and 17.4% for HPV 6/11. In the unadjusted models, age, race, smoking, sexual behavior variables, and seropositivity for high-risk HPV were significantly associated with the seropositivity for CT. In multivariable analyses, self-reported black race, higher numbers of lifetime female/male sexual partners, current smoking, and seropositivity to high-risk HPV were significantly associated with increased odds of CT seropositivity. Odds of HSV2 seroprevalence were elevated among older men and those seropositive for high risk HPV.

Conclusion
Exposure to STIs is common among men. Prevention and screening programs should target high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden among men, and to interrupt the disease transmission to sexual partners.
Analysis of interaction risks of patients with polypharmacy and the pharmacist interventions performed to solve them—A multicenter descriptive study according to medication reviews in Hungarian community pharmacies
Authors: Szilvay András , Somogyi Orsolya , Dobszay Annamária , Meskó Attiláné , Zelkó Romána , Hankó Balázs 
Published: June 2021

Objective
The study examined the Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) of patients with polypharmacy in 78 Hungarian community pharmacies, especially the interaction risks in terms of their clinical severity. Also, the objective was to analyze pharmacists’ interventions to solve the identified interaction risks.

Methodology
The research was carried out in the framework of the training of specialist pharmacists at Semmelweis University, with the participation of 78 graduated pharmacists with the collaboration of 98 GPs. A total of 755 patients participated in pharmaceutical counseling which meant a medication review process. DRPs were uniformly categorized and the interventions were recorded by pharmacists, while a detailed analysis of interaction risks was performed by authors.

Results
A total of 984 DRPs were registered. The most common category of DRPs was the "non-quantitative safety problems" (62.6%). Interaction risk was the most common cause of DRPs (54.0%). The highest proportion of interaction risks were between two prescription drugs (66.7%). In 30.7% of interaction risks’ cases, there was not known negative outcome. In contrast, it was recommended to modify the therapy in 14.9% of interaction risks. Acetylsalicylic acid (22.8%), acenocoumarol (17.7%), and diclofenac (13.9%) were the most common active substances which caused serious interaction risks.
A total of 599 pharmacist interventions were used to solve the 531 interaction risks. Pharmacists notified the GPs about the problem in 28.4% of cases and they intervened without the GP in 63.1% of cases, most often with patient education (27.4%).

Conclusion
Medication review by community pharmacists is required for the safe medicine using of patients with polypharmacy, as a significant number of DRPs have been recorded. The incidence of interaction risks stood out. It is essential to develop a pharmaceutical guideline to properly classify the clinical relevance of interaction risks (e.g. according to high-risk active substances) and to increase the collaboration with GPs.
Patriarchy in play: Video games as gendered media ecologies
Authors: Jenson Jennifer , de Castell Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

Videogames are a dominant cultural, economic and creative medium in the twenty-first century, whose varied ecologies are increasingly recognized as particularly hostile environments to those identifying or identified as women. These ecologies include those encoded and enacted within the virtual environments of digital games, across the spectrum of those ecologies materially inhabited in games education, game cultures and, paradigmatically, the video game industry. In June 2020, top videogame maker Ubisoft saw high ranking employees resign from the company as accounts went public on Twitter and in mainstream media of sexual harassment, abuse and other misconduct at the company being covered up and ignored. But this is by no means the first public revelation of sexual harassment and discriminatory injustices directed at women who develop and play games: many will recall the vitriolic online hate movement #gamergate.
Despite the familiarity of these tropes, we seem to ‘rediscover’ every few years or so that making and playing video games can present toxic environments for women. Drawing on feminist perspectives that understand how videogames have been a gendered, primarily masculine, domain, this article proposes that a topographical view, one specifically attuned to examining gender through a media ecology lens, can demonstrate how these successive re-enactments of ‘shock and awe’ operate in the service of, and are functionally integral to, the preservation of media ecologies exclusionary by design, legitimizing the repetition of their gendered hostilities. The intent is to move beyond naïve expressions of surprise and righteous indignation, to a grounded recognition and elucidation of the extents to which misogyny and harassment are and have been deeply structured into the gendered ecologies of video games.
A propos de narrativité : Interview de Lorenzo Menoud par Nikoleta Kerinska, 2021
Authors: Kerinska Nikoleta , Menoud Lorenzo 
Published: June 2021

Dans cette interview, Lorenzo Menoud, nous propose une réflexion stimulante sur la narrativité. Selon lui, la narrativité n’est pas un concept qui serait défini indubitablement par certaines propriétés essentielles, mais plutôt un terme dont on a tou·te·s une idée, plus ou moins précise et plus ou moins variable. Ainsi, la narrativité se constitue dans un réseau conceptuel au croisement de plusieurs enjeux, parmi lesquels : qu’est-ce que l’on envisage comme un récit et pourquoi ? quels rapports la narrativité entretient-elle avec la fiction et l’art ? pour quelles raisons raconte-t-on des histoires ? Lorenzo Menoud développe ses idées, en fournissant un cadre théorique essentiel pour comprendre les enjeux du récit et de la narrativité, non seulement dans l’art mais dans une perspective plus générale.
Norms Require Not Just Technical Skill and Social Learning, but Real Cooperation
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Birch’s account of the evolutionary origins of social norms is essentially individualistic. It begins with individuals regulating their own actions toward internally represented goals, as evaluative standards, and adds in a social dimension only secondarily. I argue that a better account begins at the outset with uniquely human collaborative activity in which individuals share evaluative standards about how anyone who would play a given role must behave both toward their joint goal and toward one another. This then scaled up to the shared normative standards for anyone who would be a member of ‘our’ social group.
Inverse spectral problem for Jacobi operators and Miura transformation
Authors: Osipov Andrey 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study a Miura-type transformation between Kac - van Moerbeke (Volterra) and Toda lattices in terms of the inverse spectral problem for Jacobi operators, which appear in the Lax representation for such systems. This inverse problem method, which amounts to reconstruction of the operator from the moments of its Weyl function, can be used in solving initial-boundary value problem for both systems. It is shown that the Miura transformation can be easily described in terms of these moments. Using this description we establish a bijection between the Volterra lattices and the class of Toda lattices which is characterized by positivity of Jacobi operators in their Lax representation. Also, we discuss an implication of the latter result to the spectral theory.
Graves disease in infancy: a patient presentation and literature review
Authors: Alex-Ann Beliard Kara , Shyamkumar Srinidhi , Brar Preneet Cheema , Rapaport Robert 
Published: June 2021

Summary
We describe a case of an infant who presented with clinical features of hyperthyroidism. The child was found to be tachycardic, hypertensive and diaphoretic, she was noted to have poor weight gain and difficulty in sleeping. The child was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for care. She was found to have biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism with positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. She responded well to methimazole and propranolol and had a remarkable recovery. She is the youngest patient to be diagnosed with Graves disease in the English literature, at 12 months of life.

Learning points

Hyperthyroidism must always be considered even at very young age, for patient presenting with poor weight gain and hyperdynamic state.

Autoimmune diseases are becoming more common in infancy.

Craniosynostosis and increased height for age are well-documented consequences of untreated hyperthyroidism in developing children.
Residency Prep Course Instills Confidence in Interns
Authors: Winter Kelly , Quinn Karson , Helmer Stephen , McBoyle Marilee 
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Physicians entering surgical residency often feel unprepared for tasks expected of them beginning July 1, including responding to pages, writing orders, doing procedures independently, and a multitude of other requirements. Our aim was to design a surgical boot camp to help graduating senior medical students feel more confident entering residency.
Methods. A two-week intensive surgery residency prep course was conducted in the spring of 2019 at an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited General Surgery residency program. The course was designed combining aspects from existing prep courses and innovative ideas tailored to resources available at our institution. Medical students participated in the Surgery Residency Prep Course as an elective at the end of their fourth year of medical school. An anonymous survey was given pre- and post-prep course completion evaluating confidence in medical knowledge, clinical skills, and surgical skills. Data were compared using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.
Results. Six students completed the course as a medical elective. Students felt more confident at course completion in most aspects, were significantly more confident in all areas of surgical skills taught and evaluated, and nearly all areas of medical knowledge. Subjectively, students felt as though the course was beneficial and helped them feel more prepared for starting internship.
Conclusions. This course designed at our institution was successful in helping prepare and instill confidence in graduating medical students prior to starting their internship.