bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MWIR optoelectronic module based on the Russian 640512 InSb photodetector
Authors: Dragunov Denis , Kurganov Ilya , Polesskiy Aleksei , Yudovskaya Alekxandra , Deomidov Alekxander , Solomonova Nataliya , Lazarev Pavel , Boltar Konstantin , Sharganov Kiril 
Published: November 2021

Consideration is given to the results of the development of an optoelectronic module based on a Russian cooled matrix photodetector of 640512 elements format, operating
in the spectral range of 3.6–4.9 microns, based on InSb. The paper describes the basic algorithms used for video image processing, describes the main blocks of the developed device, describes the methods for measuring NETD and spatial resolution, and gives the characteristics of the device.
Using the features of the photoelastic effect to measure the parameters of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Hasanov Aphig , Hasanov Ruslan , Rustamov Asad , Ahmadov Rovchan , Sadikhov Masud 
Published: November 2021

The features of the photoelastic effect are discussed and it is shown that they can be used to measure the parameters of a laser and a photodetector, which are the main units of any optoelectronic product. A brief review of the known methods for measuring the parameters of a laser and a photodetector is carried out, and some limitations in their application are noted. The possibility of using the features of the photoelastic effect for
measuring the parameters of the inertia of the photodetector is theoretically substantiated. A formula for calculating the response at the output of an acousto-optic processor to a rectangular input action is derived and used to separately estimate the time of crossing the optical beam by an elastic wave packet and the inertia of the photodetector. It has also been proven that by choosing a short input action, the features of the photoelastic effect can be used to determine the configuration of the cross section of the laser beam and the law of the distribution of the power flux density in it. The results of theoretical studies have been tested by numerical calculations and confirmed by experimental measurements.
PRINCÍPIOS ATIVOS UTILIZADOS NO TRATAMENTO DO MELASMA ATRAVÉS DO MICROAGULHAMENTO
Authors: Santos Danyla Alves dos , Santana Ana Cristina Silva de , Santana Alana Santiago Costa de , Santos Paula Souza Santana , Barreto Louise Rodrigues 
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo trata de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática associada aos princípios ativos utilizados no tratamento do melasma através da técnica do microagulhamento. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico por meio do pubmed com o objetivo de alcançar uma melhor compreensão do tema e verificar o efeito dos ativos utilizados na indução percutânea, a revisão evidencia que diferente tratamento tem sido utilizado através dos ácidos retinóico e tranexânico, e a hidroquinona para vários tipos de macolas na pele, mostrando eficácia e satisfação no resultado.
دور التخطيط الإستراتيجي في تطوير القدرات الإنتاجية بالتطبيق على إستزراع الأسماك بالسُّودان 1992 -2011م
Authors: ميرغنى يوسف أحمد د. فتحي 
Published: November 2021

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دور التخطيط الاستراتيجي للاستزراع السمكى فى السودان من خلال دراسة التخطيط الإستراتيجي والتعرف على واقع الاستزراع السمكى ودراسة العلاقة بين التخطيط الاستراتيجي وتطوير القدرات الإنتاجية للاستزراع السمكى، والخطط التنفيذية، والسياسات والتشريعات فى مجال الاستزراع السمكى فى السودان. ومن أجل تحقيق هذه الأهداف تم وضع عدد من الفروض التى تم إختبارها من خلال البيانات الأولية. بعد ذلك تم اختيارها باستخدام الإستبانات التي تم توزيعها على عدد 405 فرداً. تم استخدام عدد من الأدوات الإحصائية لتحليل وتفسير عبارات الإستبانة في كل محاورها، ومن ثم توصل الباحث إلى عدد من النتائج منها:

وضع تخطيط إستراتيجي شامل للإستزراع السمكى.
إتباع أنظمة التخطيط الإستراتيجي.
العلاقة بين التخطيط الإستراتيجي ومستوى أداء إدارة الاستزراع السمكي.
إشراك العاملين في فريق عمل واحد في وضع خطط الإستراتيجية في وزارة الثروة الحيوانية والسمكية والمراعي الاتحادية.

وقد اختتم البحث بعدد من التوصيات منها:

وضع إستراتيجية قومية شاملة للاستزراع السمكى واستزراع الأصداف بالسودان.
تجديد التشريعات والقوانين المنظمة لنشاط الأسماك ليشمل الاستزراع السمكى.

إنشاء مزارع سمكية ذات سمات متعددة (بحثية، إنتاجية، إيضاحية) ؛ لأغراض البحوث التطبيقية (بيولوجية، فنية، اقتصادية) وللتدريب التطبيقي للكوادر الفنية.
انفرادات البزي عن ابن كثير من خلال الشاطبية
Authors: علي الأمين د.إدريس 
Published: November 2021

This research aims at studying Al-Bizzi Quranic recitation, which is different from those of Ibn Khatheer, according to Al-Shatebia. The differences are in the pauses, linkage, annexation, and doubling.
Al-Bizzi recitation is very useful, it preserves for us one of the prophet’s (PBUH) recitations, corresponding with the ottoman Scripture and the traditional Arabic language. The researcher has traced Al. Bizzi recitation in both the first and the second half of the Holy Quran, The researcher has followed a firm scientific methodology based on descriptive analysis and figuring out the facts according to the reliable sources. Thus, he could investigate Al. Bizzi,s breaking up with the previous reciters. The research includes three sections, The first is devoted to Al. Bizzi biography.The results
of the research confirmed the importance of Al. Bizzi recitations’ that don’t agree with his predecessors in the science of recitation.
Evaluation of nine reference evapotranspiration models in Traghen region, Southwest of Libya
Authors: Alghusni Ali Othman 
Published: November 2021

This research was carried out to evaluate nine reference evapotranspiration, and find out an alternative models to the standard FAO Penman-Monteith model in Traghen region southwest of Libya. The models applied were standard FAO Penman-Monteith, FAO Radiation, FAO Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Turc, Thornthwaite, Kharrufa and McCloud. The models were compared with the FAO Penman-Monteith model using root mean square error (RMSE) , mean bias error (MBE), Pearson type goodness of fit index (R2), refined index of agreement (dr), modeling efficiency (Ef) and t-test. Results showed that FAO Radiation and FAO Blaney-Criddle models overestimated ETo by values ranged from 0.64% to 16.06%. However, Kharrufa and McCloud models overestimated ETo in some months and underestimated ETo in some other months. Whereas, the other models underestimated ETo by values ranged from -86.69 % to -6.02%. The FAO radiation model gave the highest dr (0.892) and Ef (0.951) values, and the lowest RMSE (0.534 mm/day), indicating that this model was the best alternative to the FAO Penman-Monteith model in the study region, followed by FAO Blaney-Criddle model with dr value of 0.851, Ef value of 0.878, and RMSE value of 0.845 mm/day. In addition, FAO radiation model showed the second best R2 and MBE values at 0.993 and 0.473, respectively Also, FAO Blaney-Criddle model showed the third best R2 value at 0.989. Therefore, FAO radiation model is ranked the first and FAO Blaney-Criddle model is ranked the second. According to the statistical measures stated above, Turc model ranked the third, Kharrufa model ranked forth. Models of Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Priestley-Taylor, McCloud and Thornthwaite ranked fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth, respectively. T-test analysis at 5% level of significance indicated that there is a significant difference between the FAO Penman-Monteith model and all models except Kharrufa and McCloud models.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Linguistics Research, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Su Camille 
Published: November 2021

English Linguistics Research (ELR) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether ELR publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4 Alina Andreea Dragoescu Urlica, University of Life Sciences, RomaniaGhadah Al Murshidi, The United Arab Emirates University, UAENaom Nyarigoti, United States International University-Africa, KenyaWin Whelan, St. Bonaventure University, USAYuemin Wang, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Best Regards,Camille SuEditorial Assistant, English Linguistics ResearchSciedu Press*************************************Add: 9140 Leslie St. Suite 110, Beaver Creek, Ontario, L4B 0A9, CanadaTel: 1-416-479-0028 ext. 210E-mail 1: elr@sciedupress.com E-mail 2: elr@sciedupress.org Website: http://elr.sciedupress.com
Mengenali Facial Palcy pada Trauma Wajah dan Tatalaksana Pembedahan
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Hanan Farihah Inas , Raihan Lutfia Lisa , Mahfuzzahroni Muhamad , Febriya Moestafa Rizka 
Published: November 2021

Bell's palsy is the most common neurological disorder affecting the cranial nerves with an onset that is rapid and unilateral, and it is common cause of facial paralysis worldwide. Bell's palsy occurs due to compression or enlargement of the stylomastoid foramen and causes nerve obstruction or damage caused by trauma, infection, inflammation, autoimmune, ischemic. This article aims to review bell's palsy, specifically motor nerve alignment, surgical disorders and management of bell's palsy. Source searches were carried out on online portals for journal publications such as Google Scholar (scholar.google.com) and the National Centre for Biotechnology Information/NCBI (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), with the keyword “Facial palcy, dan Bell’s palcy”. In the United States, the annual incidence of Bell's palsy is approximately 23 cases per 100,000 people. Permanent facial paralysis and non-transient functional deficits are the main indications for surgical reconstruction of facial nerve function. The indications for surgery depend on the severity of the nerve lesion, blunt trauma that causes nondegenerative neuropraxia does not require surgical reconstruction, whereas disorders leading to degenerative neurotmesis require surgery.
The Evidence Liberal Arts Needs
Authors: Detweiler Richard A. 
Published: November 2021

Empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education: how and why it has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment.
In ongoing debates over the value of a college education, the role of the liberal arts in higher education has been blamed by some for making college expensive, impractical, and even worthless. Defenders argue that liberal arts education makes society innovative, creative, and civic-minded. But these qualities are hard to quantify, and many critics of higher education call for courses of study to be strictly job-specific. In this groundbreaking book, Richard Detweiler, drawing on interviews with more than 1,000 college graduates aged 25 to 65, offers empirical evidence for the value of a liberal arts education. Detweiler finds that a liberal arts education has a lasting impact on success, leadership, altruism, learning, and fulfillment over a lifetime.
Unlike other defenders of a liberal arts education, Detweiler doesn't rely on philosophical arguments or anecdotes but on data. He developed a series of interview questions related to the content attributes of liberal arts (for example, course assignments and majors), the context attributes (out-of-class interaction with faculty and students, teaching methods, campus life), and the purpose attributes (adult life outcomes). Interview responses show that although both the content of study and the educational context are associated with significant life outcomes, the content of study has less relationship to positive adult life outcomes than the educational context. The implications of this research, Detweiler points out, range from the advantages of broadening areas of study to factors that could influence students' decisions to attend certain colleges.
Establishment and validation of an individualized macrophage-related gene signature to predict overall survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Su Peng , Peng Ziqi , Xu Boyang , Yang Bowen , Jin Feng 
Published: November 2021

Background
Recently, researchers have classified highly heterogeneous triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) into different subtypes from different perspectives and investigated the characteristics of different subtypes to pursue individualized treatment. With the increase of immunotherapy and its preliminary application in TNBC treatment, the value of immune-related strategies in the treatment of TNBC has been initially reflected. Based thereon, this study plans to classify and further explore TNBC from the perspective of immune cell infiltration.

Method
The fractions of immune cells of TNBC patients were assessed by six immune component analysis methods in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Hub genes significantly related to poor prognosis were verified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, Lasso analysis, and univariate KM analysis. Two cohorts of TNBC patients with complete prognosis information were collected for validation analysis. Finally, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database was adopted to ascertain the sensitivity differences of different populations based on hub-gene grouping to different chemotherapy drugs.

Results
Five hub genes (CD79A, CXCL13, IGLL5, LHFPL2, and PLEKHF1) of the key co-expression gene module could divide TNBC patients into two groups (Cluster A and Cluster B) based on consistency cluster analysis. The patients with Cluster A were responsible for significantly worse prognosis than the patients with Cluster B (P = 0.023). In addition, another classification method, PCoA, and two other datasets (GSE103091 and GSE76124), were used to obtain consistent results with previous findings, which verified the stability of the classification method and dataset in this study. The grouping criteria based on the previous results were developed and the accuracy of the cut-off values was validated. A prognosis model of TNBC patients was then constructed based on the grouping results of five hub genes and N staging as prognostic factors. The results of ROC and decision curve analyses showed that this model had high prediction accuracy and patients could benefit therefrom. Finally, GDSC database analysis proved that patients in Cluster A were more sensitive to Vinorelbine. Separate analysis of the sensitivity of patients in Cluster A to Gemcitabine and Vinorelbine showed that the patients in Cluster A exhibited higher sensitivity to Vinorelbine. We hypothesized that these five genes were related to gemcitabine resistance and they could serve as biomarkers for clinical drug decision-making after anthracene resistance and taxane resistance in patients with advanced TNBC.

Conclusion
This study found five hub prognostic genes associated with macrophages, and a prognostic model was established to predict the survival of TNBC patients. Finally, these five genes were related to gemcitabine resistance in TNBC patients.
Control Charts, Synthetic
Authors: Chakraborti Subhabrata , Rakitzis Athanasios C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
It is well known that the Shewhart control charts are not very sensitive for detecting small and moderate shifts in the process parameters. A synthetic chart, which is a combination of a Shewhart control chart and a conforming run‐length (CRL) chart, has been proposed and studied as a viable alternative for that purpose. The advantage of a synthetic chart is its ease of design, operation, and interpretation. In this contribution, we discuss the most common types of synthetic charts, along with some illustrations of their practical implementation. Both parametric and nonparametric synthetic charts are considered.
Thermoresponsive Triblock‐Copolymers of Polyethylene Oxide and Polymethacrylates: Linking Chemistry, Nanoscale Morphology, and Rheological Properties
Authors: da Silva Marcelo Alves , Haddow Peter , Kirton Stewart B. , McAuley William J. , Porcar Lionel , Dreiss Cécile A. , Cook Michael T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThermoreversible gels switch from a free‐flowing liquid state to an elastic gel mesophase upon warming, displaying the reverse transition upon cooling. While this phenomenon makes these advanced materials highly attractive in numerous fields, the generation of optimal materials of tailored rheology and transition temperatures is stifled by the lack of design principles. To address this need, a library of ABA copolymers has been prepared with “A” blocks exhibiting thermoresponsive behavior and “B” blocks of poly(ethylene glycol). This library evaluates the effect of “A” chemistry, probing three polymer classes, and A/B block molecular weight on thermally‐induced phase changes in solutions of the polymers. An exploration by rheometry coupled to Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) elucidates temperature‐dependent hierarchical self‐assembly processes occurring on the nanoscale as well as bulk rheology. This process deciphered links between rheology and supracolloidal assemblies (sphere, ellipses, and cylinders) within the gel state with interactions probed further via structure factors. Several design principles are identified to inform the genesis of next‐generation thermoreversible gels, alongside novel materials exhibited thermoresponsive behavior in the solution state for use in applied healthcare technologies.
Injectable, Pore‐Forming, Perfusable Double‐Network Hydrogels Resilient to Extreme Biomechanical Stimulations
Authors: Taheri Sareh , Bao Guangyu , He Zixin , Mohammadi Sepideh , Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Lessard Larry , Li Jianyu , Mongeau Luc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBiological tissues hinge on blood perfusion and mechanical toughness to function. Injectable hydrogels that possess both high permeability and toughness have profound impacts on regenerative medicine but remain a long‐standing challenge. To address this issue, injectable, pore‐forming double‐network hydrogels are fabricated by orchestrating stepwise gelation and phase separation processes. The interconnected pores of the resulting hydrogels enable direct medium perfusion through organ‐sized matrices. The hydrogels are amenable to cell encapsulation and delivery while promoting cell proliferation and spreading. They are also pore insensitive, tough, and fatigue resistant. When tested in biomimetic perfusion bioreactors, the hydrogels maintain physical integrity under prolonged, high‐frequency biomechanical stimulations (>6000 000 cycles at 120 Hz). The excellent biomechanical performance suggests the great potential of the new injectable hydrogel technology for repairing mechanically dynamic tissues, such as vocal folds, and other applications, such as tissue engineering, biofabrication, organs‐on‐chips, drug delivery, and disease modeling.
HFIP vermittelt eine direkte C‐C‐Kupplung zwischen Michael‐Akzeptoren und Eschenmosersalz
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Riomet Margaux , Meyrelles Ricardo , Maryasin Boris , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEin direkter C‐C‐Kupplungsprozess, bei dem Michael‐Akzeptoren und Eschenmosersalz zusammengeführt werden, wird vorgestellt. Obwohl er an die Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman‐Reaktion erinnert, benötigt dieser Prozess keinen Lewis‐Base‐Katalysator. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus konnte durch eine Kombination aus kinetischen Isotopenmarkierungsexperimenten und computergestützten Untersuchungen aufgeklärt werden, die die kritische Rolle von HFIP als überlegenem Mediator für Protonentransferschritte sowie die entscheidende Rolle des Halogenidgegenions demonstrieren.
Multi‐Wellenlängen‐Photopolymerisation von stabilen Poly(katecholamin)‐DNA‐Origami‐Nanostrukturen**
Authors: Winterwerber Pia , Whitfield Colette J. , Ng David Y. W. , Weil Tanja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDie Herstellung von präzisen Multikomponenten‐Polymerhybriden ist eine chemische Herausforderung bei der Bottom‐up‐Synthese komplexer Nanostrukturen. Wir nutzen die einzigartige Adressierbarkeit der DNA‐Origami‐Technik, um ein auf mehrere Wellenlängen ansprechendes Photopolymerisationssystem mit Nanometerauflösung zu realisieren. Durch die positionsgenaue Immobilisierung verschiedener Photosensibilisatoren auf dem Origami‐Grundgerüst und deren Aktivierung bei verschiedenen, für den jeweiligen Sensibilisator charakteristischen Wellenlängen können wir sequenzielle Polymerisationsprozesse präzise steuern. Die angeregten Photosensibilisatoren erzeugen reaktive Sauerstoffspezies, welche wiederum die Polymerisation der Katecholamine Dopamin und Norepinephrin einleiten. So bilden sich polymere Schichten an festgelegten Positionen auf der DNA‐Origamistruktur, wodurch der polyanionische Charakter der DNA‐Objekte verändert, ihre Aufnahme in Zellen gefördert und gleichzeitig ihre Integrität bewahrt wird. Die von uns vorgestellte Methode bietet eine schnelle Plattform für den Zugang zu komplexen 3D‐Nanostrukturen durch die Anpassung von Material und biologischen Grenzflächen.
Möbius ZnII‐Hexaphyrins Bearing a Chiral Coordinating Arm: A Chiroptical Switch Featuring P/M Twist Inversion Controlled by Achiral Effectors
Authors: Ruffin Hervé , Fihey Arnaud , Boitrel Bernard , Le Gac Stéphane 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy their conformational flexibility, Möbius aromatic hexaphyrins provide a dynamic chirality attractive to develop stimuli responsive systems such as chiroptical switches. A regular [28]hexaphyrin has been equipped with a chiral coordinating arm to achieve transfer of chirality from a fix stereogenic element to the dynamic Möbius one. The arm allows straightforward formation of labile monometallic ZnII complexes with an exogenous ligand, either a carboxylato or an amino with opposite inwards/outwards orientations relative to the Möbius ring. As a corollary, the chiral coordinating arm is constrained over the ring or laterally, inducing opposite P and M Möbius configurations with unprecedented high stereoselectivity (diast. excess greater than 95 %). By tuning the transfer of chirality, these achiral effectors generate electronic circular dichroism spectra with bisignate Cotton effect of opposite signs. Switching between distinct chiroptical states was ultimately achieved in mild conditions owing to ligand exchange, with high robustness (10 cycles).
Obscured active galactic nuclei and the need for optical to near‐infrared, massively multiplexed, spectroscopic facilities
Authors: Petric Andreea , Lacy Mark , Juneau Stéphanie , Shen Yue , Fan Xiaohui , Flagey Nicolas , Gordon Yjan , Haggard Daryl , Hall Patrick B. , Hathi Nimish , Ilić Dragana , Lagos Claudia D. P. , Liu Xin , O'Dea Christopher , Popović Luka Č. , Sheinis Andy , Wang Yiping , Xue Yongquan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost bulge‐dominated galaxies host black holes (BHs) with masses that tightly correlate with the masses of their bulges. This may indicate that the BHs may regulate galaxy growth, or vice versa, or that they may grow in lock‐step. The quest to understand how, when, and where those BHs formed motivates much of extragalactic astronomy. Here we focus on a population of galaxies with active BHs in their nuclei (active galactic nuclei [AGN]), that are fully or partially hidden by dust and gas: The emission from the broad line region is either completely or partially obscured with a visual extinction of one or above. This limit, though not yet precise, appears to be the point at which the populations of AGN may evolve differently. We highlight the importance of finding and studying those dusty AGN at redshifts between one and three, the epoch when the universe may have gone through its most dramatic changes. We emphasize the need for future large multiplexed spectroscopic instruments that can perform dedicated surveys in the optical and near‐infrared to pin down the demographics of such objects, and study their reddening properties, star‐formation histories, and excitation conditions. These key studies will shed light on the role of BHs in galaxy evolution during the epoch of peak growth activity.