bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A predictive model for fracture in human ribs based on in vitro acoustic emission data
Authors: García‐Vilana Silvia , Sánchez‐Molina David , Llumà Jordi , Fernández‐Osete Ismael , Veláquez‐Ameijide Juan , Martínez‐González Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this paper is to propose a fracture model for human ribs based on acoustic emission (AE) data. The accumulation of microcracking until a macroscopic crack is produced can be monitored by AE. The macrocrack propagation causes the loss of the structural integrity of the rib.MethodsThe AE technique was used in in vitro bending tests of human ribs. The AE data obtained were used to construct a quantitative model that allows an estimation of the failure stress from the signals detected. The model predicts the ultimate stress with an error of less than 3.5% (even at stresses 15% lower than failure stress), which makes it possible to safely anticipate the failure of the rib.ResultsThe percolation theory was used to model crack propagation. Moreover, a quantitative probability‐based model for the expected number of AE signals has been constructed, incorporating some ideas of percolation theory. The model predicts that AE signals associated with micro‐failures should exhibit a vertical asymptote when stress increases. The occurrence of this vertical asymptote was attested in our experimental observations. The total number of microfailures detected prior to the failure is and the ultimate stress is MPa. A significant correlation (p < 0.0001) between and the predicted value is found, using only the first N = 30 micro‐failures (correlation improves for N higher).ConclusionsThe measurements and the shape of the curves predicted by the model fit well. In addition, the model parameters seem to explain quantitatively and qualitatively the distribution of the AE signals as the material approaches the macroscopic fracture. Moreover, some of these parameters correlate with anthropometric variables, such as age or Body Mass Index. The proposed model could be used to predict the structural failure of ribs subjected to bending.
Multitask 3D CBCT‐to‐CT translation and organs‐at‐risk segmentation using physics‐based data augmentation
Authors: Dahiya Navdeep , Alam Sadegh R , Zhang Pengpeng , Zhang Si‐Yuan , Li Tianfang , Yezzi Anthony , Nadeem Saad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeIn current clinical practice, noisy and artifact‐ridden weekly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images are only used for patient setup during radiotherapy. Treatment planning is performed once at the beginning of the treatment using high‐quality planning CT (pCT) images and manual contours for organs‐at‐risk (OARs) structures. If the quality of the weekly CBCT images can be improved while simultaneously segmenting OAR structures, this can provide critical information for adapting radiotherapy mid‐treatment as well as for deriving biomarkers for treatment response.MethodsUsing a novel physics‐based data augmentation strategy, we synthesize a large dataset of perfectly/inherently registered pCT and synthetic‐CBCT pairs for locally advanced lung cancer patient cohort, which are then used in a multitask three‐dimensional (3D) deep learning framework to simultaneously segment and translate real weekly CBCT images to high‐quality pCT‐like images.ResultsWe compared the synthetic CT and OAR segmentations generated by the model to real pCT and manual OAR segmentations and showed promising results. The real week 1 (baseline) CBCT images which had an average mean absolute error (MAE) of 162.77 HU compared to pCT images are translated to synthetic CT images that exhibit a drastically improved average MAE of 29.31 HU and average structural similarity of 92% with the pCT images. The average DICE scores of the 3D OARs segmentations are: lungs 0.96, heart 0.88, spinal cord 0.83, and esophagus 0.66.ConclusionsWe demonstrate an approach to translate artifact‐ridden CBCT images to high‐quality synthetic CT images, while simultaneously generating good quality segmentation masks for different OARs. This approach could allow clinicians to adjust treatment plans using only the routine low‐quality CBCT images, potentially improving patient outcomes. Our code, data, and pre‐trained models will be made available via our physics‐based data augmentation library, Physics‐ArX, at https://github.com/nadeemlab/Physics‐ArX.
The correlation between transperineal ultrasound assessment of the levator ani muscle and postpartum urinary incontinence
Authors: Youssef Aly , Fiorentini Marta , Di Donna Gaetana , Brunelli Elena , Salsi Ginevra , Pilu Gianluigi , El‐Balat Ahmed 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThe primary aim of the present study was to assess the association between levator ani muscle (LAM) integrity and function on the one hand, and the risk of urinary incontinence (UI) on the other. A secondary objective was to assess the association between fundal pressure in the second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) and the risk of postpartum UI.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, women underwent a clinical and transperineal ultrasound examination at rest, at pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC), and at Valsalva maneuver 3–6 months after their first vaginal delivery. LAM avulsion and levator hiatal area (LHA) were evaluated. In addition, women were interviewed about the presence of UI, whether stress (SUI) or urgency (UUI).ResultsOverall, data of 244 women were analyzed. SUI was reported in 50 (20.5%), while UUI was reported in 19 (7.8%) women. Women who reported SUI had a higher prevalence of LAM avulsion and less proportional reduction in LHA from rest to a maximum contraction in comparison to women with no SUI. Women who reported UUI had a greater LHA at rest, during contraction, and during maximal Valsalva in comparison to women without UUI. No significant association was found between the Kristeller maneuver and the incidence of any UI.ConclusionLevator ani avulsion and less proportional reduction of LHA with PFMC appear to be associated with a higher risk of postpartum urinary stress incontinence.
Impact of a nutrition support therapy on hospital‐acquired infections: A value analysis
Authors: Bechtold Matthew L. , Regunath Hariharan , Tyler Renay , Guenter Peggi , Barrocas Albert , Collins Nilsa A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐acquired conditions (HACs) have a direct impact on value, as they decrease quality and increase costs. Numerous interventions have been tried, including nutrition support therapy, with unknown effect on value. Therefore, a value analysis of nutrition support therapy on HACs was performed.MethodsAn extensive literature search was performed. Using the Medicare Parts A and B Claims 5% Sample data set, analytic claims modeling was conducted.ResultsThe search identified 1099 studies, with eight meeting the inclusion criteria. All studies were performed on adult critically ill patients and focused on HA infections (HAIs) as the HAC. One study underwent Medicare claims modeling and revealed nutrition therapy has the potential of saving at least $104 million annually in Medicare patients with HAIs.ConclusionNutrition support therapy has the potential to reduce costs of Medicare spending in respect to HAIs.
A monolithic arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian‐based finite element strategy for fluid–structure interaction problems involving a compressible fluid
Authors: Dutta Suman , Jog C. S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a new monolithic finite element strategy for solving fluid–structure interaction problems involving a compressible fluid and a hyperelastic structure. In the Lagrangian limit, the time‐stepping strategy that we propose conserves the total energy, and linear and angular momenta. Detailed proofs with numerical validations are provided. We use a displacement‐based Lagrangian formulation for the structure, and a velocity‐based arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian mixed formulation with appropriately chosen interpolations for the various field variables to ensure stability of the resulting numerical procedure. A hybrid formulation is used to prevent locking of thin structures. Apart from physical variables such as displacement, velocity, and so forth, no new variables are introduced in the formulation. The use of the exact tangent stiffness matrix ensures that the algorithm converges quadratically within each time step. A number of benchmark examples have been solved to illustrate the good performance of the proposed method.
Pharmacogenomic associations of cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetic candidate genes with event‐free survival in intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Pinto Navin , Navarro Sandi L. , Rimorin Christine , Wurscher Michelle , Hawkins Douglas S. , McCune Jeannine S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro data suggest that the growth of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells is suppressed in a concentration‐dependent manner by 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide (4HCY), the principal precursor to the cytotoxic metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CY). Various retrospective studies on the relationship between genes encoding proteins involved in the formation and elimination of 4HCY (i.e., 4HCY pharmacokinetics) and cyclophosphamide (CY) efficacy and toxicity have been conflicting.ProceduresWe evaluated germline pharmacogenetics in 262 patients with newly diagnosed intermediate‐risk RMS who participated in one prospective Children's Oncology Group clinical trial, ARST0531. Patients were treated with either vincristine/actinomycin/cyclophosphamide (VAC) or VAC alternating with vincristine/irinotecan (VAC/VI). We analyzed the associations between event‐free survival and 394 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 14 drug metabolizing enzymes or transporters involved in 4HCY pharmacokinetics.ResultsEight SNPs were associated (p‐value < .05 by univariate analysis) with 3‐year event‐free survival; no SNPs survived a false discovery rate < 0.05.ConclusionsOur data suggest that a pharmacogenomic approach to therapy personalization of cyclophosphamide in intermediate‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma is not viable. Other methods to personalize therapy should be explored.
Prognostic value of baseline metabolic tumor volume in children and adolescents with intermediate‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chemo‐radiation therapy: FDG‐PET parameter analysis in a subgroup from COG AHOD0031
Authors: Milgrom Sarah A. , Kim Jihyun , Chirindel Alin , Kim Jongho , Pei Qinglin , Chen Lu , Buxton Allen , Kessel Sandy , Leal Jeffrey , McCarten Kathleen M. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Friedman Debra L. , Kelly Kara M. , Cho Steve Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET)‐based measures of baseline total‐body tumor burden may improve risk stratification in intermediate‐risk Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).Materials and methodsEvaluable patients were identified from a cohort treated homogeneously with the same combined modality regimen on the Children's Oncology Group AHOD0031 study. Eligible patients had high‐quality baseline PET scans. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were each measured based on 15 thresholds for every patient. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses assessed for an association of MTV and TLG with event‐free survival (EFS).ResultsFrom the AHOD0031 cohort (n = 1712), 86 patients were identified who (i) were treated with four cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, cyclophosphamide (ABVE‐PC) chemotherapy followed by involved field radiotherapy, and (ii) had a baseline PET scan that was amenable to quantitative analysis. Based on univariate Cox regression analysis, six PET‐derived parameters were significantly associated with EFS. For each of these, Kaplan–Meier analyses and the log‐rank test were used to compare patients with highest tumor burden (i.e., highest 15%) to the remainder of the cohort. EFS was significantly associated with all six PET parameters (all p < .029). In a multivariable model controlling for important covariates including disease bulk and response to chemotherapy, MTV2BP was significantly associated with EFS (p = .012).ConclusionMultiple baseline PET‐derived volumetric parameters were associated with EFS. MTV2BP was highly associated with EFS when controlling for disease bulk and response to chemotherapy. Incorporation of baseline MTV into risk‐based treatment algorithms may improve outcomes in intermediate‐risk HL.
Fever and neutropenia outcomes and areas for intervention: A report from SUCCOUR ‐ Supportive Care for Children with Cancer in Africa
Authors: Israels Trijn , Afungchwi Glenn Mbah , Klootwijk Larissa , Njuguna Festus , Hesseling Peter , Kouya Francine , Paintsil Vivian , Landman Lisa , Chitsike Inam , Chagaluka George , Sung Lillian , Molyneux Elizabeth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeath during paediatric cancer treatment is common in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using the infrastructure of Supportive Care for Children with Cancer in Africa (SUCCOUR), our objective was to describe fever and neutropenia (FN) characteristics and outcomes in order to identify potential areas for future intervention.MethodsA multicentre prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa. Data were collected from September 2019 to March 2020. Children below 16 years with newly diagnosed cancer treated with curative intent were included. Data were abstracted in real time using standardised case report forms by trained personnel. Characteristics and outcomes of FN during the first 3 months of treatment were documented.ResultsA total of 252 patients were included (median age 6.0, range 0.2–15.0 years, 54% male). The most common cancer was Burkitt lymphoma (63/252, 25%). Among 104 FN episodes, 21 (21%) were associated with prolonged neutropenia (>1 week) and 32 (31%) were associated with profound neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <0.1 × 109/L). In 10/104 (10%) episodes, empiric antibiotics were started within 1 hour following fever onset and in 16/104 (15%) episodes, a blood culture was obtained before starting antibiotics. Malaria parasitaemia was detected in four of 104 (4%). A total of 11/104 (11%) patients died in the FN episodes.ConclusionsAlthough in most, FN was not associated with prolonged or profound neutropenia, 11% resulted in death. Areas to target include blood cultures prior to antibiotics and earlier initiation of empiric antibiotics. Future efforts should modify FN practices to reduce treatment‐related mortality.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant for erythropoietic porphyrias in pediatric patients
Authors: Wang YunZu M. , Gloude Nicholas J. , Davies Stella M. , Lucky Anne W. , Nelson Adam S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCutaneous, hematopoietic, and hepatic manifestations of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) can be debilitating. We present our institution's experience with five patients with porphyria who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Four patients with CEP, including three under age 2, received myeloablation. One patient with EPP, with prior liver transplant, received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC). Four patients are alive without porphyria symptomology and with full donor chimerism. HSCT corrects the defective heme pathway and should be considered early in patients with severe erythropoietic porphyrias to minimize end‐organ damage. RIC regimens can minimize toxicity in patients with comorbidities.
Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials
Authors: Shahrokhinia Ali , Biswas Priyanka , Reuther James F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this review, we detail the progress throughout the years toward developing truly orthogonal polymerization mechanisms and modification procedures en route to complex macromolecular structures built from synthetic polymer materials. The orthogonal modifications of polymer side‐chains and end‐groups via sequential click reactions is described providing post‐polymerization routes to functional materials and unique polymer topologies. Further, historical and modern orthogonal polymerization methodologies are thoroughly reviewed showing the evolution of the field through the decades long study of selective polymerization mechanisms that provide unique copolymer structures that are typically difficult to achieve. These include the combinations of reversible deactivation radical polymerization mechanisms with a variety of polymerization mechanisms including ring opening polymerizations, ring opening metathesis polymerizations, and cationic polymerizations, to name a few.
A fast protein binding site comparison algorithm for proteome‐wide protein function prediction and drug repurposing
Authors: Li Shiliang , Cai Chaoqian , Gong Jiayu , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Honglin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe expansion of three‐dimensional protein structures and enhanced computing power have significantly facilitated our understanding of protein sequence/structure/function relationships. A challenge in structural genomics is to predict the function of uncharacterized proteins. Protein function deconvolution based on global sequence or structural homology is impracticable when a protein relates to no other proteins with known function, and in such cases, functional relationships can be established by detecting their local ligand binding site similarity. Here, we introduce a sequence order‐independent comparison algorithm, PocketShape, for structural proteome‐wide exploration of protein functional site by fully considering the geometry of the backbones, orientation of the sidechains, and physiochemical properties of the pocket‐lining residues. PocketShape is efficient in distinguishing similar from dissimilar ligand binding site pairs by retrieving 99.3% of the similar pairs while rejecting 100% of the dissimilar pairs on a dataset containing 1538 binding site pairs. This method successfully classifies 83 enzyme structures with diverse functions into 12 clusters, which is highly in accordance with the actual structural classification of proteins classification. PocketShape also achieves superior performances than other methods in protein profiling based on experimental data. Potential new applications for representative SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs Remdesivir and 11a are predicted. The high accuracy and time‐efficient characteristics of PocketShape will undoubtedly make it a promising complementary tool for proteome‐wide protein function inference and drug repurposing study.
Evaluation of operational system structures based on reliability data
Authors: Polansky Alan M. , Ryu Duchwan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSystems of components have a structure that plays an important role in determining how the reliability of the individual components relates to the reliability of the system. The system reliability can be computed from component reliabilities using results from basic probability theory in the simplest case with all of the components assumed to act independently of one another. However, in the case of dependence, such calculations can be much more involved. When reliability data have been independently collected on both the system and each component in the system, it can be difficult to model any possible dependence between components. Established methods use the known structure of a system, along with these data, to assess whether the reliability of the individual components are mutually independent. In this paper, we expand this methodology to include an assessment of the type of dependence that may exist between the components. This is based on finding the system structure that would most likely produce the observed reliability data, under independence. In the frequentist setting, the likelihood approach is used to find these structures and an observed confidence measure is used to assess the strength of the statistical evidence in favor of each possible structure. In the Bayesian setting, posterior probabilities along with Bayes factors are used. An example demonstrates how these methods can be used in an applied setting.
Reliability analysis of systems with discrete event data using association rules
Authors: He Kangzhe , Liu Bin , Xie Min , Do Phuc , Iung Benoit , Kuo Way 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the popularization of big data, an increasing number of discrete event data have been collected and recorded during system operations. These events are usually stored in the form of event logs, which contain rich information of system operations and have potential applications in fault diagnosis and failure prediction. In manufacturing processes, various levels of correlations exist among the events, which can be used to predict the occurrence of failure events. However, two challenges remain to be solved for effective reliability analysis and failure prediction: (1) how to leverage various information from the event log to predict the occurrence of failure events and (2) how to model the effects of multiple correlations on the prediction. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel reliability model, which integrates Cox proportional hazards (PHs) regression into survival analysis and association rule mining methodology. The model is used to evaluate the probability of failure event, which occurs within a certain period of time conditional on the occurrence history of correlated events. To estimate parameters and predict occurrence of failure events in the model, an effective algorithm is proposed based on piecewise‐constant time axis division, Cox PHs model, and maximum likelihood estimation. Unlike the existing literature, our model focuses on the interactions among events. The applicability of the proposed model is illustrated through a case study of a manufacturing company. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Diagnostics and prognostics for complex systems: A review of methods and challenges
Authors: Soleimani Morteza , Campean Felician , Neagu Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiagnostics and prognostics have a significant role in the reliability enhancement of systems and are focused topics of active research. Engineered systems are becoming more complex and are subjected to miscellaneous failure modes that impact adversely their performability. This ever‐increasing complexity makes fault diagnostics and prognostics challenging for the system‐level functions. A significant number of successes have been achieved and acknowledged in some review papers; however, these reviews rarely focused on application to complex engineered systems nor provided a systematic review of diverse techniques and approaches to address the related challenges. To bridge the gap, this paper first presents a review to systematically cover the general concepts and recent development of various diagnostics and prognostics approaches, along with their strengths and shortcomings for the application of diverse engineered systems. Afterwards, given the characteristics of complex systems, the applicability of different techniques and methods that are capable to address the features of complex systems are reviewed and discussed, and some of the recent achievements in the literature are introduced. Finally, the unaddressed challenges are discussed by taking into account the characteristics of automotive systems as an example of complex systems. In addition, future development and potential research trends are offered to address those challenges. Consequently, this review provides a systematic view of the state‐of‐the‐art and case studies with a reference value for scholars and practitioners.