bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-ion induced surface modifications on hydrogen-covered Si(001) surfaces—significant difference between slow highly charged and swift heavy ions
Authors: Länger C , Ernst P , Bender M , Severin D , Trautmann C , Schleberger M , Dürr M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen-covered Si(001) surfaces were exposed to swift heavy ions (SHI) and slow highly charged ions (HCI). Using scanning tunneling microscopy as analysis tool, the ion-induced modifications on the surface were resolved on the atomic scale. SHI were found occasionally to lead to changes which are restricted to one or two Si surface atoms. In comparison, HCI form pits of several nanometers in diameter, depending on the potential energy of the HCI. These observations are in contrast to many material systems for which similar effects of SHI and HCI have been observed. The results suggest a high stopping power threshold for SHI-induced modifications in crystalline silicon with major implications for the application in silicon-based nanotechnology.
Topological characteristic of Weyl degeneracies in a reciprocal chiral metamaterials system
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Song Jie , Jiang Yongyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Being a research hotspot in the field of topological semimetals, Weyl points (WPs) are monopoles of Berry curvature in momentum space. In this paper, we report the existence of photonic Weyl degeneracies in a reciprocal chiral metamaterials system. Due to the flat dispersion relation of the bulk plasmon modes, Weyl degeneracies here lie right on the critical transition between the type-I and type-II WPs. The photonic ‘Fermi arc’ connects the projection of pairs of WPs at the interface between the metamaterials and vacuum. Despite the bulk equi-frequency surfaces have changed dramatically, the ‘Fermi arc’ always exists. In addition, numerical simulations of topologically protected ‘Fermi arc’ surface states show that the surface waves are not scattered or reflected by the presence of sharp corners. Notably, such metamaterials host either type-I, type-II WPs or triple degenerate points (TDPs) depending on the nonlocal response. Our work provides an ideal photonic platform for studying the closely relation between WPs and other exotic states.
Associations between acute exposures to PM2.5 and carbon dioxide indoors and cognitive function in office workers: a multicountry longitudinal prospective observational study
Authors: Cedeño Laurent Jose Guillermo , MacNaughton Piers , Jones Emily , Young Anna S , Bliss Maya , Flanigan Skye , Vallarino Jose , Chen Ling Jyh , Cao Xiaodong , Allen Joseph G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Despite evidence of the air pollution effects on cognitive function, little is known about the acute impact of indoor air pollution on cognitive function among the working-age population. We aimed to understand whether cognitive function was associated with real-time indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2). We conducted a prospective observational longitudinal study among 302 office workers in urban commercial buildings located in six countries (China, India, Mexico, Thailand, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom). For 12 months, assessed cognitive function using the Stroop color-word test and addition–subtraction test (ADD) via a mobile research app. We found that higher PM2.5 and lower ventilation rates, as assessed by CO2 concentration, were associated with slower response times and reduced accuracy (fewer correct responses per minute) on the Stroop and ADD for eight out ten test metrics. Each interquartile (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 8.8

μ

g m−3) was associated with a 0.82% (95% CI: 0.42, 1.21) increase in Stroop response time, a 6.18% (95% CI: 2.08, 10.3) increase in Stroop interference time, a 0.7% (95% CI: −1.38, −0.01) decrease in Stroop throughput, and a 1.51% (95% CI: −2.65, −0.37) decrease in ADD throughput. For CO2, an IQR increase (IQR = 315 ppm) was associated with a 0.85% (95% CI: 0.32, 1.39) increase in Stroop response time, a 7.88% (95% CI: 2.08, 13.86) increase in Stroop interference time, a 1.32% (95% CI: −2.3, −0.38) decrease in Stroop throughput, and a 1.13% (95% CI: 0.18, 2.11) increase in ADD response time. A sensitivity analysis showed significant association between PM2.5 in four out of five cognitive test performance metrics only at levels above 12

μ

g m−3. Enhanced filtration and higher ventilation rates that exceed current minimum targets are essential public health strategies that may improve employee productivity.
Characterization of Environmental Pollution Associated with the Amalgamation Process Based on the Loss of Mercury
Authors: Cruz Urbano , Vega Eduardo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This work addresses the problem of indiscriminate use of mercury, in gold amalgamation and refocusing (burning) processes, an element of high toxicity that cause serious damage to the environment and human health; being a conventional method of treatment of gold minerals for its easy operation and extraction of gold, purpose that allows us to study, the loss of mercury and quantify in the area of greatest influence, (Nasca – Ocoña strip) the impacts of mercurial residues, both on the environment and on the mining worker and its environment. proposes new alternatives for the treatment of gold ore that allow the gradual reduction of the use of mercury and cyanide; assesses the working conditions of miners who are currently operating in the research-delimited area. Swipe to gravimetric concentration as an environmentally friendly technology, layers to replace the amalgamation process and avoid relaves with high mercury.
Hydrogen Production by Combined Fermentation of Wild Taro and Surplus Sludge
Authors: Xin Chen , Tian Chai , Hongda Zhu , Haiyan Fu , Yuezheng Jin , Yicheng Wu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to alleviate the energy problem in the world, wild taro and residual sludge were used as the substrate for joint fermentation, and the effects of different pretreatment methods of wild taro on the joint fermentation system were studied to find the best reaction conditions, and the fermentation products were analyzed by using meteorological chromatograph. The experimental results show that the residual sludge after heat treatment can inhibit the activity of methanogens, so as to increase the yield of hydrogen. At the same time, it was found that the complex macromolecules such as cellulose rich in the wild taro could be effectively decomposed after the pre-treatment, releasing a large number of carbon sources, regulating the C/N of the anaerobic fermentation system, improving the activity of the anaerobic microorganisms in the system, so as to obtain the highest hydrogen production. When the pretreatment pH was 11 and the treatment time was 24h, the maximum gas production reached 203.5 mL, including 49.25 mL hydrogen and 24.2% hydrogen concentration.
Complex information systems configuration using ISACA Design Guide into an Axiomatic Design approach
Authors: Purice Eugen , Dusa Petru , Cretu Laurentiu , Cacu Adrian , Dodun Oana , Slatineanu Laurentiu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the process of designing a customized governance solution for an enterprise information system using COBIT framework guidelines and an axiomatic design approach. COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) is a generally accepted framework created by the ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association) for governing and managing enterprise information and technology (IT). COBIT framework can be applied to any organization in any industry and was designed to help deliver value while managing better the risks associated with the IT processes. On the other side, the Axiomatic Design (AD) theory involves a continuous interplay between the design objectives (the needs/what we want to achieve) and the means capable of reaching those objectives (how we want to achieve) to determine the best configuration capable of satisfying the design intend. The AD theory requires a description of the design's objectives in terms of specific requirements, called Functional Requirements (FR). The development of a complete solution to a given problem starts by mapping the FRs to Design Parameters (DPs) in the solution domain. ISACA Design Guide proposes ten (10) Design Factors and forty (40) Governance Objectives; each objective (a set of Functional Requirements) can be achieved through several combinations of Design Parameters. From the Axiomatic Design theory perspective, this determines a coupled matrix. To decouple the matrix, the profile of each design factor is drawn, and the sub-factors will be taken only once within the factor where the sub-factor has the highest weight. A case study is presented.
Continuous Product Concept Improvement for Integrated Systems: A 3-D Printer Hardware Improvement Case
Authors: Vashi Yash , Wang Chu-Yi , Karampure Rutuja , Lu Stephen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The advent of globalization and technology has led to proliferation of integrated hardware and software systems such as personal computers, and smartphones while legacy systems such as automobile are increasingly incorporating software technology into their products. The demanding consumer requirements compel companies to deliver improved products on short timelines. Therefore, a partial product improvement process would assist designer in meeting this demand. This paper focuses on uncovering the drawbacks of an integrated system and suggests a methodology to improve its shortcomings. We develop a conceptual framework that highlights the key steps that a designer can consider when performing continuous product development: functional model construction, concept improvement, and improvement strategy. This paper uses a case of an FFF 3D Printer system to demonstrate the method.
Axiomatic design of a man-machine interface for Alzheimer’s patient care
Authors: Navarro-Tuch Sergio A. , Gammack Jack , Kang David , Kim Sang-Gook 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Axiomatic thinking framework is used to develop a novel concept of “Care-Toy,” which helps caregivers of Alzheimer’s and dementia patients by providing much needed respite for themselves without compromising patients’ safety. “Care-Toy” interacts with a patient via stimulating images and sounds for touch interactions, actively keeping the patient’s attention for a needed duration as well as monitoring the patient’s status or alerting the caregiver if necessary. Systems solution for this concept could be effectively elaborated with the Axiomatic Design framework, leading to the development of a key module intended for measuring and maintaining the attention of the patient during the respite of caregivers. Gaze detection is the key module based on deep learning-based facial recognition system to monitor whether “Care-Toy” attracts the patient’s interest and maintains attention, otherwise to alert the caregiver. The module-junction structure could be derived from the decomposed functional requirement (FR)-design parameter (DP) tree structure and design matrices of them, which effectively defines the software system structure for this product.
Technical Design Approach for Autonomous Outdoor Transport Systems based on an Extension of Axiomatic Design using Metrics
Authors: Clauer D , Fottner J , Rauch E , Roman G , Irrenhauser T 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems operating on factory premises. Outdoor applications present a high degree of complexity, which is reflected in the technical design of these vehicles. The requirements they must fulfill are higher than for indoor applications. Hence, the results of the technical design are crucial to enable the correct use of such systems. Axiomatic Design hereby offers a methodological basis for the systematic derivation of solution parameters for the technical design of autonomous outdoor transport systems. Functional metrics are introduced in addition to the conventional Axiomatic Design method to support the formulation of functional requirements and to reduce the subjectivity in the design process. The technical design approach that was developed is applied in the form of a framework.
Developing functional requirements for Temporary Housing by integrating Axiomatic Design with the 5 Gaps Model of Service Quality
Authors: Pezzica C , Bleil de Souza C , Dunichkin I V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Temporary Housing (TH) schemes are a controversial component of post-disaster recovery plans, and yet they offer a fundamental service to the homeless population. Their sustainability should be understood and addressed in terms of service quality for all clients, rather than as a matter of product engineering. Since the evaluation of service quality is different from that of goods, value in TH assistance should be measured according to how well it matches clients’ expectations. This paper adopts the 5 gaps model of service quality as a framework for TH quality assurance and advances that closing the current performance gap requires tackling issues in the briefing, design, project execution and conformance phases, as well as in communication. Against this background, engineering methods such as Axiomatic Design (AD) can effectively be exploited to reduce the gap between what people want and what they get, considering the needs and objectives from humanitarian actors. Results indicate that AD can reveal conflicts and potential for cooperation between the many “clients” of TH, via the joint analysis of their different needs, and the associated Functional Requirements (FRs) and illustrates via a post-factum analysis what mechanisms need to be in place to ensure better preparedness for future disasters.
Development of moulds for thermoforming using FFF additive manufacturing and axiomatic design
Authors: Boca M A , Slatineanu L , Sover A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing processes are mainly used for prototype production. However, an innovative approach consists of producing moulds or tools, which can be used for other traditional manufacturing processes. The main problem with these plastic moulds is that they cannot achieve the traditional metallic moulds properties and quality. By using an axiomatic design, the study analyses different approaches available on the market and other unconventional alternatives, thus making it possible to meet the functional requirements. The obtained methodology presents advantages in production cost and time compared to traditional processes, allowing quick production with a high degree of flexibility in the design of the mould. Thus, the printed moulds obtained were tested, and the preliminary results for different process conditions were presented.
A methodological approach for strategic evaluation - a response to water scarcity emergency
Authors: Cavique Miguel , Mourão Antonio , Seixas Julia , Gonçalves-Coelho Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The goal of the Paris Agreement to limit the increase of temperature may become an illusion. Within 20 to 30 years, Southern Europe may experience hot waves and broad dry periods. Water scarcity may turn into reality, and the Defense structures of each country must prepare for it. The Scenario has high uncertainty as well as what the response to the hazards might be. The Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) allows to handle uncertainty, and the Axiomatic Design (AD) is a tool to do good designs. This paper presents a methodological approach to handle with forthcoming events. It defines what is a scenario using the structured AD frame, defined by constraints and needs. In addition, it presents an approach to compute information for different developments of the design. Thus, it describes a Defense strategy to "provide the basic water needs to the population". The DST method is used to achieve belief and plausibility measures of the probability of success. Currently, the belief in the success of a response to hazards is almost zero. Plausibility can go up to 0.65 by defining a reaction structure, improving the technology, manufacturing new products.
Design Matrix as starting point to assess product sustainability
Authors: Rizzuti S , De Napoli L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Product development is a time-consuming activity trying to answer, at best, the demanding customer needs. In general, the design of an industrial product needs several competencies that work conjointly, in the respect of many constraints that urge from the firm' departments. Last but not least sustainability is gaining a relevant role, since the recent past, and absolutely not deferred for the destiny of humankind on earth in the future. Design Matrix is the first array that designers should compose in order to verify the feasibility of product architecture since it put in relation functional requirements and design parameters. Clearly, designers are really far from the embodiment of valid proposals, at this moment. It is necessary to map this information to other data structures that allow them to follow the evolving architectural work, in which physical components or effective parts perform the actions that satisfy functional requirements. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is a promising data structure that shows the relationship among all subsystems that compose the developing product. This structure can be arranged also to collect all the environmental parameters or indicators in order to have a rough sustainability assessment since the early design phases. The paper will discuss such kind of relation and apply it to a case study in order to clarify it.
Axiomatic design of matrix production systems
Authors: Foith-Förster Petra , Bauernhansl Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Manufacturing companies are operating in a turbulent business ecosystem that demands for product variety, product mix flexibility, volume scalability and high efficiency. Personalized production arises as new production paradigm to replace mass personalization and changeable matrix production systems are well suitable to cope with the challenges of this new production paradigm. In this paper, a method to design the value-add process modules of a matrix production systems is presented. The method is based on Axiomatic Design. The approach works process oriented, pursues a modular layout, and a flexible material flow in the production system. The paper concludes with a validation of the method performed in an industrial use case.
Collaborative Engineering definition: Distinguishing it from Concurrent Engineering through the complexity and semiotics lenses
Authors: Putnik Goran D. , Putnik Zlata , Shah Vaibhav , Varela Leonilde , Ferreira Luis , Castro Helio , Catia Alves , Pinheiro Pedro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A contribution to the definition of Collaborative Engineering (ColE), together with the definition itself, are presented. The need for a more rigorous definition is due to the fact that the Collaborative Engineering (ColE) definitions in literature within the so-called "classical" discourse in fact could be reduced to the Concurrent Engineering (CE), making synonymy between the two terms. However, the need for distinguishing the semantic contents of the two terms and concepts, Collaborative Engineering and Concurrent Engineering, could be understood to be driven mainly by new, emergent, organizational and management concepts that refer to new features required for the engineering design organizational and management approaches. The two new, emerging theories and paradigms, that inform design and practice of new, emerging engineering design theories, approaches and practices, and based on which the definition of the Collaborative Engineering is proposed are the complexity theory and semiotics, in particular the complexity management in organizations and organizational semiotics.
Distinct responses of growth and respiration to growth temperatures in two mangrove species
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Akaji Yasuaki , Noguchi Ko 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Mangrove plants are mostly found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal flats, and their limited distribution may be related to their responses to growth temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses have not been clarified. Here, we measured the dependencies of the growth parameters and respiration rates of leaves and roots on growth temperatures in typical mangrove species.

Methods
We grew two typical species of Indo-Pacific mangroves, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa, at four different temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) by irrigating with fresh water containing nutrients, and we measured growth parameters, chemical composition, and leaf and root O2 respiration rates. We then estimated the construction costs of leaves and roots and the respiration rates required for maintenance and growth.

Key Results
The relative growth rates of both species increased with growth temperature due to changes in physiological parameters such as net assimilation rate and respiration rate rather than to changes in structural parameters such as leaf area ratio. Both species required a threshold temperature for growth (12.2 °C in B. gymnorrhiza and 18.1 °C in R. stylosa). At the low growth temperature, root nitrogen uptake rate was lower in R. stylosa than in B. gymnorrhiza, leading to a slower growth rate in R. stylosa. This indicates that R. stylosa is more sensitive than B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the mangrove species require a certain warm temperature to ensure respiration rates sufficient for maintenance and growth, particularly in roots. The underground temperature probably limits their growth under the low-temperature condition. The lower sensitivity of B. gymnorrhiza to low temperature shows its potential to adapt to a wider habitat temperature range than R. stylosa. These growth and respiratory features may explain the distribution patterns of the two mangrove species.
PredMS: a random forest model for predicting metabolic stability of drug candidates in human liver microsomes
Authors: Ryu Jae Yong , Lee Jeong Hyun , Lee Byung Ho , Song Jin Sook , Ahn Sunjoo , Oh Kwang-Seok 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Poor metabolic stability leads to drug development failure. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the metabolic stability of small compounds for successful drug discovery and development. However, evaluating metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo is expensive, time-consuming and laborious. In addition, only a few free software programs are available for metabolic stability data and prediction. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model that predicts the metabolic stability of small compounds.

Results
We developed a computational model, PredMS, which predicts the metabolic stability of small compounds as stable or unstable in human liver microsomes. PredMS is based on a random forest model using an in-house database of metabolic stability data of 1917 compounds. To validate the prediction performance of PredMS, we generated external test data of 61 compounds. PredMS achieved an accuracy of 0.74, Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.48, sensitivity of 0.70, specificity of 0.86, positive predictive value of 0.94 and negative predictive value of 0.46 on the external test dataset. PredMS will be a useful tool to predict the metabolic stability of small compounds in the early stages of drug discovery and development.

Availability and implementation
The source code for PredMS is available at https://bitbucket.org/krictai/predms, and the PredMS web server is available at https://predms.netlify.app.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.