bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harm reduction: a public health approach to prison drug use
Authors: Belisle Linsey Ann , Solano-Patricio Elia Del Carmen 
Published: December 2021

PurposeAs prison drug use continues to be a concern worldwide, harm reduction practices serve as an alternative approach to traditional abstinence-only or punishment-oriented methods to address substance use behind bars. The purpose of this study is to present a summary of research surrounding prison-based harm reduction programs.Design/methodology/approachThis narrative review of the international literature summarizes the harms associated with prison drug use followed by an overview of the literature surrounding three prison-based harm reduction practices: opioid agonist therapy, syringe exchange programs and naloxone distribution.FindingsA collection of international research has found that these three harm reduction programs are safe and feasible to implement in carceral settings. Additionally, these services can effectively reduce some of the harms associated with prison drug use (e.g. risky injection practices, needle sharing, fatal overdoses, etc.). However, these practices are underused in correctional settings in comparison to their use in the community.Originality/valueVarious policy recommendations are made based on the available literature, including addressing ethical concerns surrounding prison populations’ rights to the same standard of health care and services available in the community. By taking a public health approach to prison drug use, harm reduction practices can provide a marginalized, high-risk population of incarcerated individuals with life-saving services rather than punitive, punishment-oriented measures.
Study on the path of Xi Jinping's ecological view for the high quality development of islands
Authors: Zhang Kuncheng , Tian Shi-Zheng , Yang Benshuo , Guo Xin-Chang , Zhang Yi-Fang 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe island areas, in particular, are characterized by a more fragile ecological carrying capacity and higher value of resources and environment, which requires us to take Xi Jinping's green ecological development view as the theoretical basis and adhere to the high-quality development path of gradual development and ecological environment priority. Taking Shengsi and Daishan counties as examples, on the basis of their high-quality development evaluation and identification of the main influencing factors, this study explores the specific path of Xi Jinping's ecological development view in the high-quality development of typical island counties in China.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies the interpretative structural model to construct an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of the island. In determining the factor weights of the index layer, the AHP hierarchical analysis method was combined with the Delphi method to increase the objectivity of the assignment process as much as possible. This study used the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution to calculate island high quality development index. To measure the main obstacle factors, the index factor contribution rate, the index factor deviation, and the index factor obstacle degree were applied in this research.FindingsAs China intensifies its maritime strategy, the sustainability of coastal and island regions is critical, particularly given their fragile ecosystems and high resource value. Our study reveals a declining trend in the high-quality development index for Shengsi, peaking at 0.4262 in 2010 and dropping to 0.3261 in 2012. To reverse this, it's essential to align with President Xi Jinping's green ecological development framework and commit to a high-quality development pathway.Originality/valueThe connotation and extension of Xi Jinping's view of ecological development should be continuously studied in depth and enriched, with green development as the core idea to guide the correct direction of the high-quality development of the island. In this paper, it is suggested that researchers are supposed to focus on these problems, such as the changes of sea water quality, the reduction of urban greening, the continuous negative growth of population in island areas, the decline of forestry added value and air quality protection, so as to ensure the sustainable high-quality development of example islands.
Stock options: do they influence dividend payments?
Authors: Muniz Janaina , Galdi Fernando , Storch Damasceno Felipe 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether there is any influence of the option plan to purchase shares protected from dividends to determine the distribution of dividends in Brazilian companies.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a Tobit dynamic and regressive regression model because their sample has an index higher than 30% of companies that do not pay dividends. The sample includes companies that pay dividends or not and pay their executives with executive stock option plans and is composed of 1,990 observations from 356 companies from 2010 to 2016.

Findings
The results indicated that the presence of a dividend protection clause has a positive association with the distribution of dividends. The authors sought to clarify that companies with a stock option plan protected by the distribution of dividends face fewer restrictions on the distribution of dividends. The authors found that most companies still use only stock options to benefit middle-ranking positions and fit the plan in their remuneration policy. The monitoring of these plans lasts an average of seven years, and specific acquisition conditions are not established with their beneficiaries, who must remain in the company and observe performance metrics.

Originality/value
This study is relevant because the relationship between dividends and stock options has not yet been analyzed in Brazil, especially concerning a dividend-protected option plan, which is a relatively recent modality, even unknown to some companies.
Petrophysics applied in mineralizations, hydrothermal alterations and lithology mapping: A case study from the Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) epithermal deposit of Santa Maria, Brazil
Authors: de Araújo Moriá Caroline , Silva Adalene Moreira , Barbosa Paola Ferreira , Boniatti João Henrique , Früchting Allan , Bouças do Lago Samuel , Betancourt Ram Horizonte Seixas 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTThe epithermal Zn–Pb (Cu–Ag) deposit of Santa Maria represents a distal magmatic‐hydrothermal system, whose mineralizations are controlled by fault systems located in the sedimentary units of the upper Camaquã Basin, above the tectonic units of the Sul‐Riograndense Shield. The hydrothermal alteration zones contain illite, chlorite and pyrite, besides galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and bornite. To improve the knowledge of this mineral system, this work investigated the petrophysical footprints of samples representing the predominant lithology, altered rocks and hydrothermal mineralization. The core samples of the predominant lithology, altered rocks and hydrothermal deposit mineralizations were used to determine the following petrophysical properties, density, magnetic susceptibility, primary wave velocity, resistivity, conductivity and chargeability. Moreover, the quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy coupled with an automated image analysis system allowed us to map lithological and alteration processes. The results indicate density as the most effective physical property to map lithology, hydrothermal alteration and the Zn–Pb (Cu–Au) mineralization. Furthermore, all studied physical properties have moderate effectiveness in the alteration zones of known geological and geophysical anomalies in the Santa Maria deposit. Chargeability could be used, especially when sulphides are disseminated, but additional geological factors complicate its interpretation. The mineralogical and petrophysical diversity of the Santa Maria deposit provided vital data for geological–geophysical interpretations while allowing the creation of a key exploration plan to investigate the Zn–Pb (Cu–Au) mineralization. Finally, petrophysics should be used in prospection to help understand complex geological processes, their overlapping subpopulations and to accelerate mineral research while reducing the use of technical and financial resources and expenditure on ineffective geophysical methodologies.
The ‘Arab spring’ within an intercultural couple. Does the unmentioned ‘racial difference’ matter?
Authors: Ugazio Valeria , Singh Reenee , Guarnieri Stella 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCan the meaning‐making within an intercultural couple, and between this couple and their therapist, help us to understand the couple's bitter conflict and the difficulties of dealing with it in therapy? This single case study answers this question, presenting a semantic analysis inspired by Ugazio's model of family semantic polarities. The analysis was carried out by applying the family semantic grid II to 140 min from three video‐recorded and transcribed sessions with the couple. The result suggests that the misunderstandings and disappointments that fed the couple's conflict were connected with the lack of semantic cohesion within the couple. They constructed meanings during the therapeutic conversation using two different semantic worlds: the semantics of power and of freedom. The analysis also suggests some possible strategies to overcome the couple's conflict, and raises some questions about how to address racial differences during therapy.
Practitioner points

An intercultural couple's bitter conflict is clarified by a semantic analysis (SA) which highlights the couple's low semantic cohesion.

The SA suggests focusing on the emotions – shame and courage – underlying the partners' dominant semantics – power and freedom – and anchoring the meanings to all the family members.

Therapists should address ‘race’ and racism with intercultural couples, even if such conversations do not emerge spontaneously in their narrated stories.
Welcome to the Motherland. An exploration into how experience is storied through generations of African Caribbean immigrants
Authors: Collins Joanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study explores the ways in which African Caribbean families communicate with each other and the outside world in the context of post migration. The Big and Small Story in narrative inquiry was used to make sense of the data as it pays attention to the manner and style in which this story is told, and what identities are being claimed post migration. The key findings are set out using three archetypal positions: the trickster, passer/conformer and resister/revolutionary. These were used to capture different ways people responded to power and identities claimed within their daily life. Findings in part of reflect Du Bois’ concept of double consciousness to consider the way black people carry out their negotiations with power. These African Caribbean participants were having to think about what is acceptable to the power base and how can this be negotiated. This paper is intended to be helpful to practitioners interested in indigenous knowledge of self and its clinical implications.
Adult lifetime body mass index trajectories and endometrial cancer risk
Authors: Dalmartello Michela , Vermunt Jeroen , Negri Eva , Levi Fabio , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify body mass index (BMI) trajectories in adult life and to examine their association with endometrial cancer (EC) risk, also exploring whether relations differ by hormonal replacement therapy use.DesignPooled analysis of two case–control studies.SettingItaly and Switzerland.PopulationA total of 458 EC cases and 782 controls.MethodsWe performed a latent class growth model to identify homogeneous BMI trajectories over six decades of age, with a polynomial function of age. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% CI for EC risk were derived through a multiple logistic regression model, correcting for classification error.Main outcome measuresThe relation of BMI trajectories with endometrial cancer.ResultsWe identified five BMI trajectories. Compared with women in the ‘Normal weight‐stable’ trajectory, a reduction by about 50% in the risk of EC emerged for those in the ‘Underweight increasing to normal weight’ (95% CI 0.28–0.99). The ‘Normal weight increasing to overweight’ and the ‘Overweight‐stable’ trajectories were associated with, respectively, an excess of 3% (95% CI 0.66–1.60) and of 71% (95% CI 1.12–2.59) in cancer risk. The OR associated to the trajectory ‘Overweight increasing to obese’ was 2.03 (95% CI 1.31–3.13). Stronger effects emerged among hormonal replacement therapy never users (OR 2.19 for the ‘Overweight‐stable’ trajectory and OR 2.49 for the ‘Overweight increasing to obese’ trajectory).ConclusionsOur study suggests that longer exposure to overweight and obesity across a lifetime is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Weight during adulthood also appears to play an important role.Tweetable abstractLonger exposure to overweight and obesity across a lifetime is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.
Ultrasonography increases sensitivity of mammography for diagnosis of multifocal, multicentric breast cancer using 356 whole breast histopathology as a gold standard
Authors: Sriussadaporn Sukanya , Sriussadaporn Suvit , Pak‐art Rattaplee , Kritayakirana Kritaya , Prichayudh Supparerk , Samorn Pasurachate 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of ultrasonography and mammography for the detection of multifocal, multicentric breast cancers.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 356 patients who underwent mastectomy. Preoperative diagnosis of malignant foci by ultrasonography and mammography were reviewed and compared with final pathological reports of the whole breast which was considered a gold standard.ResultsSeventy‐six patients (21.3%) had multifocal, multicentric cancers diagnosed from whole breast histopathology. Overall sensitivity for detection of additional tumour was 25.4% for mammography, 44% for ultrasonography. The sensitivity for combined methods was 50.8% (p < .05).ConclusionUsing mammography and ultrasonography for preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer will miss almost half of cases with multifocal multicentric cancers. To achieve curative outcome when performing breast conserving surgery, preoperative investigation with only mammography and ultrasonography may be inadequate.
A novel bioinspired mechanism to elucidate the movement flexibility of the honeybee abdomen driven by muscles
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Ling , Yan Shao‐Ze , Liang You‐Jian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe abdomen of a honeybee is a blueprint for bioinspired mechanical design because of its movement flexibility and compactness. However, the abdominal muscles closely related to the movement flexibility mechanism have not been fully identified, limiting the potential biological advantage of their use in bionic mechanism design. In this study, we reveal the muscle distribution of the complete muscular driving unit in a honeybee abdomen using stereoscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the muscle distribution was effectively verified using X‐ray tomography. A novel equivalent unit mechanism (EUM) was then proposed and the kinematic analysis indicated that the extension ratio, bending angle, and swing angle of the EUM reached 9.36%, 1.22°, and 4.43°, respectively. The deformation ability of the EUM was consistent with the movement of the abdomen, confirming the movement flexibility. This work may provide a new perspective for distributed bionic mechanism design.
Protective effect of chitosan‐loaded nanoemulsion containing Zataria multiflora Boiss and Bunium persicum Boiss essential oils as coating on lipid and protein oxidation in chill stored turkey breast fillets
Authors: Keykhosravy Kobra , Khanzadi Saeid , Hashemi Mohammad , Azizzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the lipid and protein oxidation responses of cold stored turkey meat using chitosan‐contained nanoemulsions supplemented with the essential oils of two aromatic plants including Zataria multiflora Boiss and Bunium persicum Boiss. Chemical traits such as total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARs), free fatty acids (FFA), fatty acid composition and TC (total carbonyl) of samples were carried out at 4°C. Moreover, their pH and sensory properties were also determined at the same conditions. The initial value of the TVB‐N (2.24 mg N/100 g) reached 20.81 mg N/100 g. TVB‐N values achieved for all meat samples were lower than the highest acceptable limit (28–29 mg N/100 g). In all the treatments, PV and TBARs values were increased until day 10, and afterward a decrease was observed until day 20 of storage. TBARs values of the samples (mg MDA/kg) ranged from 1.97 ± 0.04 to 4.48 ± 0.39 in CNE + ZEO 1% to 2.72 ± 0.32 to 6.66 ± 0.21 in CON at zero time and day 5, respectively. FFA and TC were enhanced at a slower rate in the treated samples. The most efficient treatment against chemical deterioration was found to be CNE + ZEO 1%. Chitosan and sonicated chitosan treatments had the highest color score and lowest odor score at zero time. The obtained results suggested coating turkey meat fillets with ZEO and BEO as an effective strategy to delay at their chemical deterioration.Practical ApplicationThe spoilage risk of fresh products is higher than other foods. Turkey meat spoils because of biological reactions such as the oxidation of lipids and protein, the action of endogenous enzymes, and the metabolic activities of microorganisms that end in a short shelf life. The oxidation of lipids not only reduces or retards, but also inhibits by edible coatings. Edible coatings formed from bioactive compounds would effectively provide possibility of active compounds onto surface of minimally processed foods. Therefore, application chitosan‐loaded nanoemulsion coating containing Zataria multiflora Boiss and Bunium persicum Boiss essential oils is recommended in food industry especially for poultry industry to increase the chemistry and sensory quality of turkey breast fillets.
New clusters of serum electrolytes aid in stratification of diabetes and metabolic risk
Authors: Hou Yanan , Xiang Jiali , Dai Huajie , Wang Tiange , Li Mian , Lin Hong , Wang Shuangyuan , Xu Yu , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Zhao Zhiyun , Bi Yufang , Xu Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSerum electrolytes were found to associate with type 2 diabetes. Our study aimed to stratify nondiabetes by clusters based on multiple serum electrolytes and evaluate their associations with risk of developing diabetes and longitudinal changes in glucose and lipid metabolic traits.MethodsWe performed a data‐driven cluster analysis in 4937 nondiabetes individuals aged ≥40 years at baseline from a cohort follow‐up for an average of 4.4 years. Cluster analysis was based on seven commonly measured serum electrolytes (iron, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus) by using the k‐means method.ResultsA total of 4937 nondiabetes individuals were classified into three distinct clusters, with 1635 (33.1%) assigned to Cluster A, 1490 (30.2%) to Cluster B, and 1812 (36.7%) to Cluster C. Individuals in Cluster A had higher serum chlorine, were older, and more were women. Individuals in Cluster B had higher serum iron and body mass index (BMI). Individuals in Cluster C had higher serum phosphorus, were younger, and had lower BMI. Cluster B had 1.41‐fold higher risk of developing diabetes and Cluster C’s risk was 1.33‐fold higher compared with Cluster A. Over an average follow‐up of 4.4 years, Cluster A showed a moderate and stable BMI, Cluster B showed an accelerated deterioration in glucose metabolism, and Cluster C showed the most sharply increased serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level.ConclusionsClusters based on seven common serum electrolytes differed in diabetes risk and progression of glucose and lipid metabolic traits. Serum electrolytes clusters could provide a powerful tool to differentiate individuals into different risk stratification for developing type 2 diabetes.
Hematochezia in children with acute diarrhea seeking emergency department care – a prospective cohort study
Authors: Böhrer Madeleine , Fitzpatrick Eleanor , Hurley Katrina , Xie Jianling , Lee Bonita E. , Pang Xiao‐Li , Zhuo Ran , Parsons Brendon D. , Berenger Byron M. , Chui Linda , Tarr Phillip I. , Ali Samina , Vanderkooi Otto G. , Freedman Stephen B. ,   The Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE), Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the passage of blood in stools in children represents a medical emergency, children seeking emergency department (ED) care remain poorly characterized. Our primary objective was to compare clinical characteristics and etiologic pathogens in children with acute diarrhea with and without caregiver‐reported hematochezia. Secondary objectives were to characterize interventions and resource utilization.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE) database. Children <18 years presenting to two pediatric EDs within a 24‐hour period and <7 days of symptoms were consecutively recruited.ResultsOf 1,061 participants, 115 (10.8%) reported hematochezia at the enrollment visit at which time those with hematochezia, compared to those without, had more diarrheal episodes/24‐hour period (9 vs. 6; difference: 2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0, 4.0; p < 0.001), and were less likely to have experienced vomiting (54.8% vs. 80.2%; difference: −25.4; 95% CI: −34.9, −16.0; p < 0.001). They were more likely to receive intravenous fluids (33.0% vs. 17.9%; difference: 15.2; 95% CI: 6.2, 24.1; p < 0.001) and require repeat health care visits (45.5% vs. 34.7%; difference: 10.7; 95% CI: 0.9, 20.6; p = 0.03). A bacterial pathogen was identified in 33.0% of children with hematochezia versus 7.9% without (difference: 25.1; 95% CI: 16.3, 33.9; p < 0.001); viruses were detected in 31.3% of children with hematochezia compared to 72.3% in those without (difference: −41.0%, 95% CI: −49.9, −32.1; p < 0.001).ConclusionIn children with acute diarrhea, caregiver report of hematochezia, compared to the absence of hematochezia, was associated with more diarrheal but fewer vomiting episodes, and greater resource consumption. The former group of children was also more likely to have bacteria detected in their stool.