bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The changes and influencing factors of urban LUCC and EF footprint in energy resource areas: An empirical evidence from China using HLM model
Authors: He Miao , Xiao Wei , Zhang Hang , Liu Chao , Xie Donghui , Fan Mouyuan , Shen Lei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Analyzing urban land use and cover change and its influence factors are of great significance for understanding the situation of regional development and environmental constraints and for evaluating the ability of sustainable development. This paper calculates the three-dimensional ecological footprint and total factor productivity of research cities, these cities have significant individual differences,Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Yan ‘an, Yulin, Ganzhou, Shaoguan etc. are energy resource areas and comparing to those Guangzhou, Dongguan, Wuzhong, Qingyuan etc. are non-energy resource leading cities. The HLM model is used to decompose the influencing factors of three-dimensional ecological footprint. The study shows the important role of total factor productivity in regional and urban sustainable development. Also, the study shows the inter-group differences of three-dimensional ecological footprint produced by cities with different population sizes. And the inter-group difference of urban three-dimensional ecological footprint under the influence of total factor productivity. Result shows that land, population and technology factors have different impacts on three-dimensional ecological footprint. Also, relying mainly on mining areas of energy resources and other industries dominated areas of mining land proportion and industrial structure differences did not lead to the influence of different ecological footprint, energy resource area in affecting factors, the ecological footprint is still a total factor plays the leading role of ecological rate, population and real GDP, There is no obvious negative externality effect of mining activities on the value of regional ecological products, and the regional ecological carrying capacity keeps improving.
Ecosystem Services – An Approach for Sediment Management
Authors: O’Sullivan Ross , Harrington Joseph , Batel Brano 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The ecosystem services approach involves classifying, describing and assessing the monetary value of natural resources in terms of the benefits that humans can derive from nature. An ecosystem services assessment has been developed and applied to the sediment management aspect of a harbour development for a scale typical for Ireland. Two sediment management techniques have been analysed for the sediment generated from dredging for the project; wetland creation and the widely practised disposal at sea. The wetland creation approach is consistent with the eco-friendly concept of ‘Building with Nature’ and also the circular economy. The ecosystem services assessment applied to the disposal at sea option yielded a negative overall monetary value (-€191,878/year) and the wetland creation option resulted in a positive overall monetary value (€1,403,275/year). These assessment results indicate that a ‘Building with Nature’ solution beneficially using dredged sediment can provide significant monetary benefit in the form of ecosystem services, for a sediment management project of this scale. This ecosystem services approach can contribute significantly to assessment of a sediment management projects and can inform stakeholders and policy makers of the benefits of ‘Building with Nature’ solutions.
Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications
Authors: Amirifar Leyla , Besanjideh Mohsen , Nasiri Rohollah , Shamloo Amir , Nasrollahi Fatemeh , de Barros Natan Roberto , Davoodi Elham , Erdem Ahmet , Mahmoodi Mahboobeh , Hosseini Vahid , Montazerian Hossein , Jahangiry Jamileh , Darabi Mohammad Ali , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Dokmeci Mehmet R , Annabi Nasim , Ahadian Samad , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e. passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
Biomaterials for microfluidic technology
Authors: Chen Zehao , Lv Zhendong , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yuhui , Cui Wenguo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Micro/nanomaterial-based drug and cell delivery systems play an important role in biomedical fields for their injectability and targeting. Microfluidics is a rapidly developing technology and has become a robust tool for preparing biomaterial micro/nanocarriers with precise structural control and high reproducibility. By flexibly designing microfluidic channels and manipulating fluid behavior, various forms of biomaterial carriers can be fabricated using microfluidics, including microspheres, nanoparticles and microfibers. In this review, recent advances in biomaterials for designing functional microfluidic vehicles are summarized. We introduce the application of natural materials such as polysaccharides and proteins as well as synthetic polymers in the production of microfluidic carriers. How the material properties determine the manufacture of carriers and the type of cargoes to be encapsulated is highlighted. Furthermore, the current limitations of microfluidic biomaterial carriers and perspectives on its future developments are presented.
Elliptic Theory for Sets with Higher Co-dimensional Boundaries
Authors: David G. , Feneuil J. , Mayboroda S. 
Published: November 2021

Many geometric and analytic properties of sets hinge on the properties of elliptic measure, notoriously missing for sets of higher co-dimension. The aim of this manuscript is to develop a version of elliptic theory, associated to a linear PDE, which ultimately yields a notion analogous to that of the harmonic measure, for sets of codimension higher than 1.

To this end, we turn to degenerate elliptic equations. Let

Γ
⊂

R

n

\Gamma \subset \mathbb {R}^n

be an Ahlfors regular set of dimension

d
>
n
−
1

d>n-1

(not necessarily integer) and

Ω
=

R

n

∖
Γ

\Omega = \mathbb {R}^n \setminus \Gamma

. Let

L
=
−
div
⁡
A
∇

L = - \operatorname {div} A\nabla

be a degenerate elliptic operator with measurable coefficients such that the ellipticity constants of the matrix

A
A

are bounded from above and below by a multiple of

dist
⁡
(
⋅
,
Γ

)

d
+
1
−
n

\operatorname {dist}(\cdot , \Gamma )^{d+1-n}

. We define weak solutions; prove trace and extension theorems in suitable weighted Sobolev spaces; establish the maximum principle, De Giorgi-Nash-Moser estimates, the Harnack inequality, the Hölder continuity of solutions (inside and at the boundary). We define the Green function and provide the basic set of pointwise and/or

L
p

L^p

estimates for the Green function and for its gradient. With this at hand, we define harmonic measure associated to

L
L

, establish its doubling property, non-degeneracy, change-of-the-pole formulas, and, finally, the comparison principle for local solutions.

In another article to appear, we will prove that when

Γ
\Gamma

is the graph of a Lipschitz function with small Lipschitz constant, we can find an elliptic operator

L
L

for which the harmonic measure given here is absolutely continuous with respect to the

d
d

-Hausdorff measure on

Γ
\Gamma

and vice versa. It thus extends Dahlberg’s theorem to some sets of codimension higher than 1.
Emergency department interventions for frailty (EDIFY): improving functional outcomes in older persons at the emergency department through a multicomponent frailty intervention
Authors: Chong Edward , Zhu Birong , Ng Sheryl Hui Xian , Tan Hongyun , Goh Eileen Fabia , Molina Joseph De Castro , Pereira Michelle Jessica , Kaur Palvinder , Baldevarona-Llego Jewel , Chia Jia Qian , Chong Amanda , Cheong Selina , Foo Chik Loon , Chan Mark , Lim Wee Shiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesemergency department interventions for frailty (EDIFY) delivers frailty-centric interventions at the emergency department (ED). We evaluated the effectiveness of a multicomponent frailty intervention (MFI) in improving functional outcomes among older persons.Designa quasi-experimental study.Settinga 30-bed ED observation unit within a 1,700-bed acute tertiary hospital.Participantspatients aged ≥65 years, categorised as Clinical Frailty Scale 4–6, and planned for discharge from the unit.Methodswe compared patients receiving the MFI versus usual-care. Data on demographics, function, frailty, sarcopenia, comorbidities and medications were gathered. Our primary outcome was functional status—Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Lawton’s iADL. Secondary outcomes include hospitalisation, ED re-attendance, mortality, frailty, sarcopenia, polypharmacy and falls. Follow-up assessments were at 3, 6 and 12 months.Resultswe recruited 140 participants (mean age 79.7 ± 7.6 years; 47% frail and 73.6% completed the study). Baseline characteristics between groups were comparable (each n = 70). For the intervention group, MBI scores were significantly higher at 6 months (mean: 94.5 ± 11.2 versus 88.5 ± 19.5, P = 0.04), whereas Lawton’s iADL scores experienced less decline (change-in-score: 0.0 ± 1.7 versus −1.1 ± 1.8, P = 0.001). Model-based analyses revealed greater odds of maintaining/improving MBI in the intervention group at 6 months [odds ratio (OR) 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–6.03, P = 0.04] and 12 months (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.18–7.54, P = 0.02). This was similar for Lawton’s iADL at 12 months (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.70–9.48, P = 0.002). ED re-attendances (rate ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.90, P = 0.03) and progression to sarcopenia (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.94, P = 0.04) were also lower at 6 months.Conclusionsthe MFI delivered to older persons at the ED can possibly improve functional outcomes and reduce ED re-attendances while attenuating sarcopenia progression.
EEG source imaging concordance with intracranial EEG and epileptologist review in focal epilepsy
Authors: Cox Benjamin C , Danoun Omar A , Lundstrom Brian Nils , Lagerlund Terrence D , Wong-Kisiel Lily C , Brinkmann Benjamin H 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEEG source imaging is becoming widely used for the evaluation of medically refractory focal epilepsy. The validity of EEG source imaging has been established in several studies comparing source imaging to the surgical resection cavity and subsequent seizure freedom. We present a cohort of 87 patients and compare EEG source imaging of both ictal and interictal scalp EEG to the seizure onset zone on intracranial EEG. Concordance of EEG source imaging with intracranial EEG was determined on a sublobar level and was quantified by measuring the distance between the source imaging result and the centroid of the active seizure onset zone electrodes. The EEG source imaging results of a subgroup of 26 patients with high density 76-channel EEG were compared with the localization of three experienced epileptologists. Of 87 patients, 95% had at least one analysis concordant with intracranial EEG and 74% had complete concordance. There was a higher rate of complete concordance in temporal lobe epilepsy compared to extratemporal (89.3 and 62.8%, respectively, P = 0.015). Of the total 282 analyses performed on this cohort, higher concordance was also seen in temporal discharges (95%) compared to extratemporal (77%) (P = 0.0012), but no difference was seen comparing high-density EEG with standard (32-channel) EEG. Subgroup analysis of ictal waveforms showed greater concordance for ictal spiking, compared with rhythmic activity, paroxysmal fast activity, or obscured onset. Median distances from the dipole and maximum distributed source to a centroid of seizure onset zone electrodes were 30.0 and 32.5 mm, respectively, and the median distances from dipole and maximum distributed source to nearest seizure onset zone electrode were 22.8 and 21.7, respectively. There were significantly shorter distances in ictal spiking. There were shorter distances in patients with Engel Class 1 outcome from surgical resection compared to patients with worse outcomes. For the subgroup of 26 high-density EEG patients, EEG source localization had a significantly higher concordance (92% versus 65%), sensitivity (57% versus 35%) and positive predictive value (60% versus 36%) compared with epileptologist localization. Our study demonstrates good concordance between ictal and interictal source imaging and intracranial EEG. Temporal lobe discharges have higher concordance rates than extratemporal discharges. Importantly, this study shows that source imaging has greater agreement with intracranial EEG than visual review alone, supporting its role in surgical planning.
Long-range monosynaptic inputs targeting apical and basal dendrites of primary motor cortex deep output neurons
Authors: Geng Hong-Yan , Arbuthnott Gordon , Yung Wing-Ho , Ke Ya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates various long-range signals from other brain regions for the learning and execution of goal-directed movements. How the different inputs target the distinct apical and basal dendrites of M1 pyramidal neurons is crucial in understanding the functions of M1, but the detailed connectivity pattern is still largely unknown. Here, by combining cre-dependent rabies virus tracing, layer-specific chemical retrograde tracing, optogenetic stimulation, and electrophysiological recording, we mapped all long-range monosynaptic inputs to M1 deep output neurons in layer 5 (L5) in mice. We revealed that most upstream areas innervate both dendritic compartments concurrently. These include the sensory cortices, higher motor cortices, sensory and motor thalamus, association cortices, as well as many subcortical nuclei. Furthermore, the dichotomous inputs arise mostly from spatially segregated neuronal subpopulations within an upstream nucleus, and even in the case of an individual cortical layer. Therefore, these input areas could serve as both feedforward and feedback sources albeit via different subpopulations. Taken together, our findings revealed a previously unknown and highly intricate synaptic input pattern of M1L5 neurons, which implicates that the dendritic computations carried out by these neurons during motor execution or learning are far more complicated than we currently understand.
Static and dynamic topological organizations of the costly punishment network predict individual differences in punishment propensity
Authors: Li Ting , Yang Yuping , Krueger Frank , Feng Chunliang , Wang Jinhui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Human costly punishment plays a vital role in maintaining social norms. Recently, a brain network model is conceptually proposed indicating that the implement of costly punishment depends on a subset of nodes in three high-level networks. This model, however, has not yet been empirically examined from an integrated perspective of large-scale brain networks. Here, we conducted comprehensive graph-based network analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to explore system-level characteristics of intrinsic functional connectivity among 18 regions related to costly punishment. Nontrivial organizations (small-worldness, connector hubs, and high flexibility) were found that were qualitatively stable across participants and over time but quantitatively exhibited low test–retest reliability. The organizations were predictive of individual costly punishment propensities, which was reproducible on independent samples and robust against different analytical strategies and parameter settings. Moreover, the prediction was specific to system-level network organizations (rather than interregional functional connectivity) derived from positive (rather than negative or combined) connections among the specific (rather than randomly chosen) subset of regions from the three high-order (rather than primary) networks. Collectively, these findings suggest that human costly punishment emerges from integrative behaviors among specific regions in certain functional networks, lending support to the brain network model for costly punishment.
Significant Reduction in Vaccine-Induced Antibody Levels and Neutralization Activity Among Healthcare Workers and Nursing Home Residents 6 Months Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination
Authors: Canaday David H , Oyebanji Oladayo A , Keresztesy Debbie , Payne Michael , Wilk Dennis , Carias Lenore , Aung Htin , St. Denis Kerri , Lam Evan C , Rowley Christopher F , Berry Sarah D , Cameron Cheryl M , Cameron Mark J , Wilson Brigid M , Balazs Alejandro B , King Christopher L , Gravenstein Stefan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Antibody decline occurred from 2 weeks to 6 months post-BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in nursing home (NH) residents and healthcare workers. Antispike, receptor-binding domain, and neutralization levels dropped &gt;81% irrespective of prior infection. Notably, 69% of infection-naive NH residents had neutralizing antibodies at or below the assay’s limit of detection.
Prevalence and outcomes of chronic liver disease in patients receiving dialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Swift Oscar , Sharma Shivani , Ramanarayanan Sivaramakrishnan , Umar Hamza , Laws Keith R , Vilar Enric , Farrington Ken 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients receiving dialysis for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) commonly co-exhibit risk factors for hepatic impairment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the coexistence of chronic liver disease (CLD) and characterize risk factors and outcomes.

Methods
We searched the following databases from inception to May 2021: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Kings Fund Library, MEDLINE and PubMed. The protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO (study ID: CRD42020206486). Studies were assessed against three inclusion criteria: adults (&gt;18 years) with ESKD receiving dialysis, primary outcome involving CLD prevalence and publications in English. Moderator analysis was performed for age, gender, study size and publication year. Sensitivity analysis was performed where applicable by removing outlier results and studies at high risk of bias.

Results
Searches yielded 7195 articles; of these 15 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 320 777 patients were included. The prevalence of cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was 5% and 55%, respectively. Individuals with CLD had 2-fold higher mortality than those without {odds ratio [OR] 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–3.45]}. Hepatitis B [OR 13.47 (95% CI 1.37–132.55)] and hepatitis C [OR 7.05 (95% CI 4.00–12.45)], but not diabetes, conferred increased cirrhosis risk. All studies examining NAFLD were judged to be at high risk of bias. We found no data on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Deaths from CLD, cancer and infection were greater among cirrhotic patients.

Conclusions
CLD is prevalent in dialysis patients. Hepatitis B and C confer increased risk of CLD. The impact of NAFLD and NASH cirrhosis requires further study. CLD is associated with an increased risk of mortality in this setting.
Exploring the health care utilization of children and youth in the care of child welfare: a retrospective matched cohort study
Authors: Breneol Sydney , Rose Heather , Brown Marion , Andreou Pantelis , Bishop Andrea , Mitchell Carolyn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Children and youth whose lives intersect with child welfare systems are amongst the most vulnerable paediatric populations. Despite the increased rates of chronic conditions, these children and youth often experience unmet health care needs.

Objectives
To examine patterns of health care utilization from birth for children and youth in the care of a child welfare authority.

Methods
This retrospective matched cohort design study examined children/youth aged 0–18 who had visited a paediatric tertiary care facility from 2016 April 1 to 2017 March 31 and had “social worker” documented as their guardian. A control cohort was matched based on age and sex. Primary outcomes of interest included primary health care, emergency, outpatient, and inpatient visits. Visits for immunizations, physiological development, well-baby checks, mental health, and oral health were also examined.

Results
A total of 200 cases and 200 controls were included in our cohort. No statistically significant differences were found between primary care visits, well-baby checks, inpatient admissions, outpatient mental health visits, or immunizations for children in care in comparison to their controls. There was a significant difference in oral health visits, lack of physiological development, and emergency department visits for children in care when compared to their controls.

Conclusions
Our study revealed disparities in health care utilization amongst children in the care of child welfare in comparison to those who are not, highlighting the need for improved practice, policy, and research initiatives. A collaborative data collection/sharing system is needed to identify and track the health care of this vulnerable population.
Comparative Population Genomics of Cryptic Speciation and Adaptive Divergence in Bicknell’s and Gray-Cheeked Thrushes (Aves:Catharus bicknelliandCatharus minimus)
Authors: Termignoni-Garcia Flavia , Kirchman Jeremy J , Clark Johnathan , Edwards Scott V 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCryptic speciation may occur when reproductive isolation is recent or the accumulation of morphological differences between sister lineages is slowed by stabilizing selection preventing phenotypic differentiation. In North America, Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and its sister species, the Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus), are parapatrically breeding migratory songbirds, distinguishable in nature only by subtle differences in song and coloration, and were recognized as distinct species only in the 1990s. Previous molecular studies have estimated that the species diverged approximately 120,000–420,000 YBP and found very low levels of introgression despite their similarity and sympatry in the spring (prebreeding) migration. To further clarify the history, genetic divergence, genomic structure, and adaptive processes in C. bicknelli and C. minimus, we sequenced and assembled high-coverage reference genomes of both species and resequenced genomes from population samples of C. bicknelli, C. minimus, and two individuals of the Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). The genome of C. bicknelli exhibits markedly higher abundances of transposable elements compared with other Catharus and chicken. Demographic and admixture analyses confirm moderate genome-wide differentiation (Fst ≈ 0.10) and limited gene flow between C. bicknelli and C. minimus, but suggest a more recent divergence than estimates based on mtDNA. We find evidence of rapid evolution of the Z-chromosome and elevated divergence consistent with natural selection on genomic regions near genes involved with neuronal processes in C. bicknelli. These genomes are a useful resource for future investigations of speciation, migration, and adaptation in Catharus thrushes.