bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Hollywood Animation
Authors: Brown Noel 
Published: September 2021

Until the 1990s, animation occupied a relatively marginal presence in Hollywood. Today, it is at the very heart of both the film industry and contemporary popular culture. Charting the major changes and continuities in Hollywood animation over the past thirty years, this groundbreaking book offers an authoritative history of Hollywood animation since the 1990s. Analysing dozens of key films, including The Lion King, Toy Story, Shrek, Despicable Me, Frozen and Moana, it examines the emergence of new genres and stylistic approaches, as well as the ongoing blurring of boundaries between animation and live-action. Identifying narrative and thematic patterns, and developments in industry and style, the book explores how animation in the United States both responds to and recapitulates the values, beliefs, hopes and fears of the nation.
‘Private faces in public places’: Bishop’s Triptych of Cold War Washington
Authors: Treseler Heather 
Published: September 2021

Elizabeth Bishop recast her troubling experiences as the Poetry Consultant to the Library of Congress (1949-50) during an early, tense interval of the Cold War in three poems: ‘From Trollope’s Journal’, ‘Visits to St. Elizabeths’ and ‘View of the Capitol from the Library of Congress’. This chapter resituates Bishop’s triptych of poems about civilian experiences of the Cold War in light of newly available archival documents. It explores Bishop’s depiction of Cold War surveillance, critique of jingoist rhetoric, and use of queer subtexts in this trio of poems alongside the poet’s sustained meditation on poesis and the imperial imagination in her writing from the 1930s, a perspective that palpably shifts following her stint of psychoanalysis in the 1940s.
Digital News, Digitised News
Authors: Eldridge Scott A. 
Published: September 2021

The emergence of a robust internet in Europe from the mid-1990s marked a shift in the way we think and talk about print news, as newspapers and magazines experimented with different opportunities to publish content online. At the same time, these new technologies also changed the way we access news archives – a ‘digitizing’ turn that has seen vast print archives converted to datasets. This chapter explores these developments as parallel discussions of ‘digital’ and ‘digitized’ news. It first explores the Guardian’s transition online, including its missteps, as a key innovator in the newspaper-to-digital transition. Second, it explores the challenges faced by national research libraries, wrestling with vast amounts of digital news, while rapidly digitizing their analogue archives.
Satirical Journalism
Authors: Larkin Felix M. , Whitworth James 
Published: September 2021

This chapter discusses satire, in both literary and visual form, as an element in British and Irish journalism in the twentieth century. It reviews specifically anti-establishment journals such as Dublin Opinion and Private Eye, but also considers the work of notable individual satirical journalists in the mainstream press such as D.B. Wyndham Lewis and J.B. Morton (‘Beachcomber’) in the Daily Express and Brian O’Nolan (‘Myles na gCopaleen’) and Donal Foley in the Irish Times. There is particular emphasis on political cartoons, perhaps the most popular and influential form of satirical journalism in the twentieth century. There is a rich history of cartooning in Britain and Ireland, starting with the innovative work of W.K. Haselden in the Daily Mirror and Percy Fearon (‘Poy’) in the Daily Mail, and with many outstanding later practitioners of the art – for example, David Low, Osbert Lancester, Charles E. Kelly, Gerald Scarfe, Mel Calman, Peter Brookes, Steve Bell, Nicola Jennings and Martyn Turner.
Politics, Ontology and Knowledge in Spinoza
Authors: Matheron Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

Alexandre Matheron (1926–2020) worked and wrote substantially on the 17th century philosopher Benedict de Spinoza beginning with the publication of his influential 1969 masterpiece Individu et communauté chez Spinoza. Widely considered one of the most important and original interpreters of Spinoza’s philosophy in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, but whose work was rarely translated into English, the 20 essays gathered here span the entirety of Matheron’s prolific career and present to the Anglophone the first collection of its kind outside of France. From texts on Spinoza’s epistemology and metaphysics to his signature interpretation of Spinoza’s political philosophy, Matheron’s work touches on every imaginable theme in the Spinozist corpus from Spinoza’s views on sexuality to his relationship to his predecessors, contemporaries, and inheritors such as Aquinas, Hobbes, Machiavelli, and Rousseau to Spinoza’s latent communism and importance for the development of Spinozist Marxism in France. Complete with a substantial interview conducted by two of Matheron’s best known students, Laurent Bove and Pierre-François Moreau, and a comprehensive bibliography of Matheron’s publications, this is a crucial collection for anyone seeking to understand 20th-century continental Spinozism. Whether it be the established scholar looking for translations of difficult to find essays or the advanced undergraduate or graduate student in search of reliable secondary literature on Spinoza, this volume is the perfect introduction to Matheron’s rigorous, masterful, and original interpretation of Spinoza’s philosophy.
‘Just another Kraut’? The Wehrmacht Traitor as ‘Good German’ in Hollywood’s Decision before Dawn (1951)
Authors: Major Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Decision before Dawn (Twentieth Century-Fox, 1951) was based on the true story of a Wehrmacht prisoner-of-war, code-name ‘Happy’, who volunteered for the American Office of Strategic Services in 1945 to spy behind German lines for the Allies, exploring the issue of Landesverrat (national treason) amid the changing loyalties of the Cold War during West Germany’s post-war rearmament. Screenwriter Peter Viertel had himself been ‘Happy’s’ case-officer. The chapter uses archives from Twentieth Century-Fox studios and the US State Department to chart fruitless attempts to suppress a West German release for fear of inflaming nationalist and local Bavarian sentiment. Entscheidung vor Morgengrauen (1952) received mixed reviews, which are discussed alongside subtle changes made to the dubbed German version. The Hollywood release marked the international breakthrough for Austro-German actors Oskar Werner and Hildegard Knef.
Religious Pacifism and the Hollywood War Film: From Sergeant York (1941) to Hacksaw Ridge (2017)
Authors: Westwell Guy 
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines how the Hollywood war film accommodates and contains religious pacifism. Through comparison of Sergeant York (1941) and Hacksaw Ridge (2016), both of which tell the stories of religious pacifists who find themselves on the battlefield, this chapter describes how each film shows the transgressive nature of religious pacifism and puts in place containment strategies that seek to recuperate this radical anti-war belief system. I argue that in spite of this ideological recuperation the films still retain a strong sympathetic view of this form of pacifism, and that this testifies to the possibility that the audience is suspicious of the dominant pro-war narrative and may even desire an alternative, more pacific view of the world.
Military Masculinity and the Deserting Soldier in Stop-Loss (2008)
Authors: Bjerre Thomas Ærvold 
Published: September 2021

The chapter outlines the deserter narrative in American war culture, with a focus on the inherent tensions between normative ideals of masculinity and transgressive notions of cowardice. The chapter then analyzes Kimberly Peirce’s 2008 Iraq War film Stop-Loss in this context. The U.S. war film genre is regulated by certain conventions regarding masculinity, heroism and national identity, but by presenting the transgressive act of desertion as one of moral courage, Peirce challenges established notions of military masculinity and national identity. This challenge remains temporary, though: the main character retains the culturally powerful trope of the ideal male soldier. Ultimately, he is unable to turn his back on his men and his country, and the film is unable to fully undermine the potent trope that links nation, military and masculinity.
What Does a Dance Filmmaker See?
Authors: Roberts Adam 
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, filmmaker Adam Roberts discusses three of his films, Hands (1995), blue yellow (1995) and Pieces of the Quiet Dance (2006). Meditating on the intimate relationship between the filmmaker and dancers in movement, he touches upon recurrent influences or concerns in his work, including carved funerary objects (‘stelae’), still life versus portraiture, and the forest glade as a cleared space (a space made and filled with light). In his films, he explains, the body of the filmed dancer is apprehended as a storehouse of infinite potential, a gesture into the past and the future. To film the human figure, he asserts, is to unveil a body in all its virtuality, in a celebration of the moment of discovery.
Human Rights and Reformist Islam
Authors: Kadivar Mohsen , Künkler Mirjam 
Published: September 2021

Human Rights and Reformist Islam critiques traditional Islamic approaches to the question of compatibility between human rights and Islam and argues instead for their reconciliation from the perspective of a reformist Islam. The book focuses on six controversial case studies: religious discrimination; gender discrimination; slavery; freedom of religion; punishment of apostasy; and arbitrary or harsh punishments.
Explaining the strengths of structural ijtihad, Mohsen Kadivar’s approach is based on the rational classification of Islamic teachings as temporal or permanent on the one hand, and four criteria of being Islamic on the other: reasonableness, justice, morality and efficiency. In the book, all of the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith that are problematic in relation to human rights are abrogated rationally according to these criteria. The result is a powerful, solutions-based argument based on reformist Islam – providing a scholarly bridge between modernity and Islamic tradition in relation to human rights.
The book’s fourteen chapters are organized in five sections, including freedoms of belief, religion and politics, women’s rights, and slavery in contemporary Islam. Adding an extensive new introduction and annotations throughout the text from Kadivar bring the work up-to-date and place it in its academic and public contexts. In the introduction, the author critically compares his approach to Islam and human rights with those of five leading contemporary scholars: Mahmoud M. Taha, Abdullahi A. an-Na’im, Ann E. Mayer, Mohammad M. Shabestari and Abdulaziz A. Sachedina.
Human Rights and Reformist Islam
Authors: Kadivar Mohsen 
Published: September 2021

This chapter takes the form of a transcribed interview and consists of a reflection on the relationship between traditional Islam and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its related covenants, and provides a solution for making traditional Islam compatible with the idea of human rights.
It critiques traditional Islamic approaches to the question of compatibility between human rights and Islam and argues instead for their reconciliation from the perspective of a reformist Islam. The chapter focuses on six controversial case studies: religious discrimination; gender discrimination; slavery; freedom of religion; punishment of apostasy; and arbitrary or harsh punishments.
Explaining the strengths of structural ijtihad, the author’s approach is based on the rational classification of Islamic teachings as temporal or permanent on the one hand, and four criteria of being Islamic on the other: reasonableness, justice, morality and efficiency. In the chapter, all of the verses of the Qur’an and the Hadith that are problematic in relation to the notion of human rights are abrogated rationally according to these criteria. The result is a powerful, solutions-based argument based on reformist Islam – providing a scholarly bridge between modernity and Islamic tradition in relation to human rights.
War in Space
Authors: Bowen Bleddyn E. 
Published: September 2021

War in Space presents a theory of spacepower and considers the implications of space technology on strategy and international relations. The spectre of space warfare stalks the major powers as outer space increasingly defines geopolitical and military competition. As satellites have become essential for modern warfare, strategists are asking whether the next major war will begin or be decided in outer space. Only strategic theory can explore the decisiveness and effects of war in space on grand strategy and international relations.
Bleddyn E. Bowen applies the wisdom of military strategy to outer space and presents a compelling new vision of Earth's orbit as a coastline, rather than an open ocean or an extension of airspace as many have assumed. Rooted in the classical military works of Clausewitz, Mahan and Castex, to name a few, Bowen puts forward new principles for strategic thought about space that explain the pervasive and inescapable influence of spacepower on strategy and the changing military balance of the 21st century.
Diacetyl and Other Ketones in e-Cigarette Aerosols: Some Important Sources and Contributing Factors
Authors: McAdam Kevin , Waters Gareth , Moldoveanu Serban , Margham Jennifer , Cunningham Anthony , Vas Carl , Porter Andrew , Digard Helena 
Published: September 2021

Background: Concerns over the presence of the diketones 2,4 butanedione (DA) and 2,3 pentanedione (AP) in e-cigarettes arise from their potential to cause respiratory diseases. Their presence in e-liquids is a primary source, but they may potentially be generated by glycerol (VG) and propylene glycol (PG) when heated to produce aerosols. Factors leading to the presence of AP, DA and acetoin (AC) in e-cigarette aerosols were investigated. We quantified direct transfer from e-liquids, examined thermal degradation of major e-liquid constituents VG, PG and 1,3 propanediol (1,3 PD) and the potential for AC, AP and DA production from sugars and flavor additives when heated in e-cigarettes.Method: Transfers of AC, AP and DA from e-liquids to e-cigarette aerosols were quantified by comparing aerosol concentrations to e-liquid concentrations. Thermal generation from VG, PG or 1,3 PD e-liquids was investigated by measuring AC, AP and DA emissions as a function of temperature in an e-cigarette. Thermal generation of AC, AP and DA from sugars was examined by aerosolising e-liquids containing sucrose, fructose or glucose in an e-cigarette. Pyrolytic formation of AP and DA from a range of common flavors was assessed using flash pyrolysis techniques.Results: AC transfer efficiency was &gt;90%, while AP and DA were transferred less efficiently (65%) indicating losses during aerosolisation. Quantifiable levels of DA were generated from VG and PG, and to a lesser extent 1,3 PD at coil temperatures &gt;300°C. Above 350°C AP was generated from VG and 1,3 PD but not PG. AC was not generated from major constituents, although low levels were generated by thermal reduction of DA. Aerosols from e-liquids containing sucrose contained quantifiable (&gt;6 ng/puff) levels of DA at all sucrose concentrations tested, with DA emissions increasing with increasing device power and concentration. 1% glucose, fructose or sucrose e-liquids gave comparable DA emissions. Furanose ring compounds also generate DA and AP when heated to 250°C.Conclusions: In addition to less than quantitative direct transfer from the e-liquid, DA and AP can be present in the e-cigarette aerosol due to thermal decomposition reactions of glycols, sugars and furanonse ring flavors under e-cigarette operating conditions.
Intriguing Heteroleptic ZnII bis(dipyrrinato) Emitters in the Far-Red Region With Large Pseudo-Stokes Shift for Bioimaging
Authors: Tabone Roberta , Feser Dominik , Lemma Enrico D. , Schepers Ute , Bizzarri Claudia 
Published: September 2021

Novel heteroleptic ZnII bis(dipyrrinato) complexes were prepared as intriguing emitters. With our tailor-made design, we achieved far-red emissive complexes with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 45% in dimethylsulfoxide and 70% in toluene. This means that heteroleptic ZnII bis(dipyrrinato) complexes retain very intense emission also in polar solvents, in contrast to their homoleptic counterparts, which we prepared for comparing the photophysical properties. It is evident from the absorption and excitation spectra that heteroleptic complexes present the characteristic features of both ligands: the plain dipyrrin (Lp) and the π-extended dipyrrin (Lπ). On the contrary, the emission comes exclusively from the π-extended dipyrrin Lπ, suggesting an interligand nonradiative transition that causes a large pseudo-Stokes shift (up to 4,600 cm−1). The large pseudo-Stokes shifts and the emissive spectral region of these novel heteroleptic ZnII bis(dipyrrinato) complexes are of great interest for bioimaging applications. Thus, their high biocompatibiliy with four different cell lines make them appealing as new fluorophores for cell imaging.
Left Atrial Spontaneous Echo Contrast and Ischemic Stroke in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: Wang Binhao , Wang Zhao , Fu Guohua , He Bin , Wang Hangxuan , Zhuo Weidong , Zhang Shengmin , Chu Huimin 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in the left atrium (LA) is frequently observed in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and may lead to thromboembolic events. We aimed to investigate both periprocedural and long-term stroke risks associated with LA SEC in AF patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC).Methods: A total of 408 consecutive AF patients treated with LAAC between March 2015 and February 2019 were divided into two groups based on preprocedural transesophageal echocardiography: the study group (moderate/severe LA SEC; n = 41) and the control group (none, mild, or mild to moderate LA SEC; n = 367). To attenuate the observed imbalance in baseline covariates, a propensity score matching technique was used.Results: No periprocedural stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) was documented. The incidence of device-related thrombus was higher in the study group than in the control group (8.8 vs. 1.3%; P = 0.025). The mean follow-up period was 3.2 ± 1.1 years, during which 8 patients (2.2%) in the control group and 4 (9.8%) in the study group experienced stroke/TIA (P = 0.024). Moderate/severe LA SEC was identified as an independent predictor of stroke/TIA in both the original population (HR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.47–22.19, P = 0.012) and the matched population (HR = 9.79, 95% CI 1.44–66.86, P = 0.020).Conclusions: LA SEC did not show a relationship with periprocedural stroke events in patients undergoing percutaneous LAAC. However, moderate/severe LA SEC increased the incidence of device-related thrombus and the risk of late stroke/TIA.
A Tiered Genetic Screening Strategy for the Molecular Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability in Chinese Patients
Authors: Dai Limeng , Zhang Danyan , Wu Zhifeng , Guan Xingying , Ma Mingfu , Li Lianbing , Zhang Yuping , Bai Yun , Guo Hong 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Intellectual disability (ID) is one of the most common developmental disabilities. To identify the genetic etiology of IDs in Chongqing, we conducted a multistage study in Chinese Han patients.Methods: We collected the clinical and etiological data of 1665 ID patients, including 1,604 from the disabled children evaluation center and 61 from the pediatric rehabilitation unit. Routine genetic screening results were obtained, including karyotype and candidate gene analysis. Then 105 idiopathic cases with syndromic and severe ID/developmental delay (DD) were selected and tested by chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) sequentially. The pathogenicity of the CNVs and SNVs were evaluated according to ACMG guidelines.Results: Molecular diagnosis was made by routine genetic screening in 216 patients, including 196 chromosomal syndromes. Among the 105 idiopathic patients, 49 patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic CNVs and 21 patients with VUS were identified by CMA. Twenty-six pathogenic CNVs underlying well-known syndromic cases, such as Williams-Beuren syndrome, were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Nine novel mutations were identified by WES in thirty-fix CNV-negative ID cases.Conclusions: The study illustrated the genetic aberrations distribution of a large ID cohort in Chongqing. Compared with conventional or single methods, a tiered high-throughput diagnostic strategy was developed to greatly improve the diagnostic yields and extend the variation spectrum for idiopathic syndromic ID cases.
A Bumpy Ride of Mycobacterial Phagosome Maturation: Roleplay of Coronin1 Through Cofilin1 and cAMP
Authors: Saha Saradindu , Hazra Arnab , Ghatak Debika , Singh Ajay Vir , Roy Sadhana , BoseDasgupta Somdeb 
Published: September 2021

Phagosome-lysosome fusion in innate immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils marshal an essential role in eliminating intracellular microorganisms. In microbe-challenged macrophages, phagosome-lysosome fusion occurs 4 to 6 h after the phagocytic uptake of the microbe. However, live pathogenic mycobacteria hinder the transfer of phagosomes to lysosomes, up to 20 h post-phagocytic uptake. This period is required to evade pro-inflammatory response and upregulate the acid-stress tolerant proteins. The exact sequence of events through which mycobacteria retards phagolysosome formation remains an enigma. The macrophage coat protein Coronin1(Cor1) is recruited and retained by mycobacteria on the phagosome membrane to retard its maturation by hindering the access of phagosome maturation factors. Mycobacteria-infected macrophages exhibit an increased cAMP level, and based on receptor stimulus, Cor1 expressing cells show a higher level of cAMP than non-Cor1 expressing cells. Here we have shown that infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages with H37Rv causes a Cor1 dependent rise of intracellular cAMP levels at the vicinity of the phagosomes. This increased cAMP fuels cytoskeletal protein Cofilin1 to depolymerize F-actin around the mycobacteria-containing phagosome. Owing to reduced F-actin levels, the movement of the phagosome toward the lysosomes is hindered, thus contributing to the retarded phagosome maturation process. Additionally, Cor1 mediated upregulation of Cofilin1 also contributes to the prevention of phagosomal acidification, which further aids in the retardation of phagosome maturation. Overall, our study provides first-hand information on Cor1 mediated retardation of phagosome maturation, which can be utilized in developing novel peptidomimetics as part of host-directed therapeutics against tuberculosis.