bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs and benefits of sunflower pollen diet on bumble bee colony disease and health
Authors: Giacomini Jonathan J. , Connon Sara J. , Marulanda Daniel , Adler Lynn S. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPathogen transmission between domesticated and wild host species has important implications for community ecology, agriculture, and wildlife conservation. Bumble bees provide valuable pollination services that are vital for both wildflowers and agricultural production. Intense concerns about pathogen spillover from commercial bumble bees to wild bee populations, and the potential harmful effects of pathogen spillback to commercial bees, has stimulated a need for practical strategies that effectively manage bumble bee infectious diseases. Here, we assessed the costs and benefits of a medicinal sunflower pollen diet (Helianthusannuus) on whole‐colony bumble bee disease and performance using commercial colonies of the common eastern bumble bee,Bombus impatiens, and its protozoan pathogen,Crithidia bombi(Trypanosomatida). We first found that a 1:1 mixture of sunflower combined with wildflower pollen reducedC. bombiinfection prevalence and intensity within individualB. impatiensworkers by nearly 4‐fold and 12‐fold, respectively, relative to wildflower pollen. At the colony level, a 1:1 mixture of sunflower and wildflower pollen reducedC. bombiinfection prevalence by 11% averaged over a 10‐week period and infection intensity by 30% relative to wildflower pollen. Colony performance was similar between pollen diets and infection treatments, including the number of workers and immatures produced, and size and weight of workers, drones, and queens. Infection significantly reduced the probability of queen production in colonies fed a pure wildflower pollen diet, but not colonies fed a mixed sunflower pollen diet, suggesting that the medicinal benefits of a mixed sunflower pollen diet can reverse the negative effects of infection on reproductive success. This study provides evidence that sunflower pollen as part of a mixed pollen diet can reduce infection in individual bees and whole colonies with no significant nutritional trade‐offs for colony worker production and most aspects of colony reproduction. A supplemental mixed sunflower pollen diet may provide a simple and effective solution to reduce disease and improve the health of economically and ecologically important pollinators.
Electromechanical characterization of biomimetic membranes using electrodeformation of vesicles
Authors: Faizi Hammad A. , Dimova Rumiana , Vlahovska Petia M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a facile method to simultaneously measure the bending rigidity and capacitance of biomimetic lipid bilayers. Our approach utilizes the ellipsoidal deformation of quasi‐spherical giant unilamellar vesicles induced by a uniform AC electric field. Vesicle shape depends on the electric field frequency and amplitude. Membrane bending rigidity can be obtained from the variation of the vesicle elongation on either field amplitude at fixed frequency or frequency at fixed field amplitude. Membrane capacitance is determined from the frequency at which the vesicle shape changes from prolate to oblate ellipsoid as the frequency is increased at a given field amplitude.
The Influence of pH on Zinc Lability and Toxicity to a Tropical Freshwater Microalga
Authors: Price Gwilym A. V. , Stauber Jenny L. , Holland Aleicia , Koppel Darren J. , Van Genderen Eric J. , Ryan Adam C. , Jolley Dianne F. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Increased focus on the development and application of bioavailability-based metal water quality guideline values requires increased understanding of the influence of water chemistry on metal bioavailability and toxicity. Development of empirical models, such as multiple linear regression models, requires the assessment of the influence of individual water quality parameters as toxicity-modifying factors. The present study investigated the effect of pH on the lability and toxicity of zinc (Zn) to a tropical green microalga (Chlorella sp.). Zinc speciation and lability were explored using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM7), ultrafiltration, and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Zinc toxicity increased significantly with increasing pH from 6.7 to 8.3, with 50% growth inhibition effect concentrations decreasing from 185 to 53 µg l–1 across the pH range. Linear relationships between DGT-labile Zn and dissolved Zn did not vary across the tested pH range, nor did the linear relationship between dissolved (&lt;0.45 µm) and ultrafiltered (&lt;3 kDa) Zn. Our findings show that Zn toxicity to this freshwater alga is altered as a function of pH across environmentally realistic pH ranges and that these toxicity changes could not be explained by Zn speciation and lability as measured by DGT and WHAM7. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2836–2845. © 2021 SETAC
Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid and its bioavailability: A review
Authors: Li Jia , Pora Bernard L. R. , Dong Ke , Hasjim Jovin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid found in human brain and eyes. There are a number of studies in the literature showing the health benefits of DHA. It is critical throughout all life stages from the need for fetal development, the prevention of preterm birth, and the prevention of cardiovascular disease to the improvements in the cognitive function and the eye health of adults and elderly. These benefits might be related to the modulation of gut microbiota by DHA. In addition, there are some discrepancies in the literature regarding certain health benefits of DHA, and this review is intended to explore and understand these discrepancies. Besides the variations in the DHA contents of different supplement sources, bioavailability is crucial for the efficacy of DHA supplements, which depends on several factors. For example, DHA in phospholipid and triglyceride forms are more readily to be absorbed by the body than that in ethyl ester form. In addition, dietary lipids in meals and emulsification of DHA oil can increase the bioavailability of DHA. Estrogens stimulated the biosynthesis of DHA, whereas testosterone stimulus induced a decrease in DHA. The roles of DHA through human lifespan, the sources, and its recommended daily intake in different countries are also discussed to provide a better understanding of the importance of this review.
Loss of smarcad1a accelerates tumorigenesis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in zebrafish
Authors: Han Han , Jiang Guangzhen , Kumari Rashmi , Silic Martin R. , Owens Jake L. , Hu Chang‐Deng , Mittal Suresh K. , Zhang GuangJun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMalignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are a type of sarcoma that generally originates from Schwann cells. The prognosis for this type of malignancy is relatively poor due to complicated genetic alterations and the lack of specific targeted therapy. Chromosome fragment 4q22‐23 is frequently deleted in MPNSTs and other human tumors, suggesting tumor suppressor genes may reside in this region. Here, we provide evidence that SMARCAD1, a known chromatin remodeler, is a novel tumor suppressor gene located in 4q22‐23. We identified two human homologous smarcad1 genes (smarcad1a and smarcad1b) in zebrafish, and both genes share overlapping expression patterns during embryonic development. We demonstrated that two smarcad1a loss‐of‐function mutants, sa1299 and p403, can accelerate MPNST tumorigenesis in the tp53 mutant background, suggesting smarcad1a is a bona fide tumor suppressor gene for MPNSTs. Moreover, we found that DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair might be compromised in both mutants compared to wildtype zebrafish, as indicated by pH2AX, a DNA DSB marker. In addition, both SMARCAD1 gene knockdown and overexpression in human cells were able to inhibit tumor growth and displayed similar DSB repair responses, suggesting proper SMARCAD1 gene expression level or gene dosage is critical for cell growth. Given that mutations of SMARCAD1 sensitize cells to poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in yeast and the human U2OS osteosarcoma cell line, the identification of SMARCAD1 as a novel tumor suppressor gene might contribute to the development of new cancer therapies for MPNSTs.
Establishing a common language for the comprehensive medication management patient care process: Applying implementation science to standardize care delivery
Authors: Blanchard Carrie M. , Yannayon Mary , Sorge Lindsay , Frail Caitlin , Funk Kylee , Ward Caryn , Livet Melanie , Sorensen Todd , McClurg Mary Roth 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists' interventions, particularly in the primary care setting, have demonstrated positive outcomes on patient care, but rarely translate into impact and scale when reviewed systematically. Specifically, comprehensive medication management (CMM) is often poorly understood, not well defined, and lacks a measure of fidelity. A consistent approach to delivery of CMM is critical to ensure impact. One way to achieve this is to establish the usability of an intervention, so practitioners have a common language around implementation of CMM to ensure fidelity and facilitate positive outcomes on patient care.Objective(s)The goal of this study was to establish a common language for the CMM patient care process.MethodsThis study applies an established implementation science methodology and the Usable Innovation Framework to define and operationalize CMM through a network of 40 diverse primary care practices across the United States. This approach to the development of a CMM patient care process common language document included three phases: (a) Review and synthesis of the literature, (b) Vetting and consensus building, and (c) Usability testing.ResultsThe end product is the CMM patient care process—a common language document that describes both the five essential functions (ie, core components that must be present to carry out CMM) as well as operational definitions (ie, specific steps, activities, or tasks that must be carried out to achieve each essential function).ConclusionsEstablishing a common language for the CMM patient care process ensures consistency in delivery of CMM and establishes a set of expectations across key stakeholder groups including patients, pharmacists, physicians, other health care providers, and payers. This research provides a framework and a common set of essential functions and operational definitions to guide the implementation of CMM delivery in primary care and facilitate replication, scale, and positive impact.
Raman spectroscopy of blood and urine liquid biopsies for ovarian cancer diagnosis: identification of chemotherapy effects
Authors: Giamougiannis Panagiotis , Silva Raissa V. O. , Freitas Daniel L. D. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Anagnostopoulos Antonios , Angelopoulos Georgios , Naik Raj , Wood Nicholas J. , Martin‐Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBlood plasma and serum Raman spectroscopy for ovarian cancer diagnosis has been applied in pilot studies, with promising results. Herein, a comparative analysis of these biofluids, with a novel assessment of urine, was conducted by Raman spectroscopy application in a large patient cohort. Spectra were obtained through samples measurements from 116 ovarian cancer patients and 307 controls. Principal component analysis identified significant spectral differences between cancers without previous treatment (n = 71) and following neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), (n = 45). Application of five classification algorithms achieved up to 73% sensitivity for plasma, high specificities and accuracies for both blood biofluids, and lower performance for urine. A drop in sensitivities for the NACT group in plasma and serum, with an opposite trend in urine, suggest that Raman spectroscopy could identify chemotherapy‐related changes. This study confirms that biofluids' Raman spectroscopy can contribute in ovarian cancer's diagnostic work‐up and demonstrates its potential in monitoring treatment response.
Small lithium‐chloride clusters: Superalkalis, superhalogens, supersalts and nanocrystals
Authors: Milovanović Milan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, the results of the theoretical investigation of the small lithium‐chloride clusters are reported. The geometrical structures, electronic and thermodynamic stability of superalkalis, superhalogens, and their single and double charged ions are obtained using efficient and accurate quantum chemistry methods. Further, low‐lying isomers of the LinCln () clusters and their stability parameters are calculated. Two ways of formation of the LinCln clusters, polymerization of LiCl fragments and combination of superalkalis and superhalogen clusters, are compared. By examination the lattice energy and the average Li‐Cl bond length in rectangular LinCln () clusters, it was concluded that already 50 LiCl are enough to mostly resembles the structure and stability of the bulk LiCl.
Size‐dependent Auger recombination in CdSe quantum dots studied by transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Gaoyuan , Liu Liu , Shi Shuang , Zhang Xin , Liang Ying , Liang Guijie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs closely related to exciton quenching, Auger recombination (AR) is very important to colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in applications such as lasing, solar energy conversion, and light‐emitting diodes. It is beneficial to understand the kinetic mechanism of AR. In this article, colloidal CdSe QDs with a narrow range of diameters, 2.7, 2.5, 2.3, 2.2, and 2.0 nm, are synthesized by adequately modulating the reaction temperature and time during hot injection synthesis. With sizes less than the Bohr exciton radius, the resultant collision probability differs for various CdSe QDs attributed to the varying extent of the spatial confinement effect. To analyze the bi‐exciton AR in these QDs, the ultrafast time‐resolved absorption spectrum is utilized to derive the bi‐exciton lifetime (τBX) in high precision as a function of QD size. The τBX varying with volume (V) obeys the universal scaling law; that is, τBX = γV. In our experiments, the scaling factor γ is 1.649 ± 0.097 ps/nm3. This study could provide further insight for understanding the theory of the AR process and rational design of optoelectronic devices based on colloidal QDs.
IRE1 signaling regulates chondrocyte apoptosis and death fate in the osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Rongxiang , Hui Zhang , Wei Sun , Li Duan , Li Wencui , Daping Wang , Alahdal Murad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIRE1 is an important central regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) because of its ability to regulate cell fate as a function of stress sensing. When misfolded proteins accumulated in chondrocytes ER, IRE1 disintegrates with BIP/GRP78 and undergoes dimer/oligomerization and transautophosphorylation. These two processes are mediated through an enzyme activity of IRE1 to activate endoribonuclease and generates XBP1 by unconventional splicing of XBP1 messenger RNA. Thereby promoting the transcription of UPR target genes and apoptosis. The deficiency of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) in chondrocytes downregulates prosurvival factors XBP1S and Bcl‐2, which enhances the apoptosis of chondrocytes through increasing proapoptotic factors caspase‐3, p‐JNK, and CHOP. Meanwhile, the activation of IRE1α increases chondrocyte viability and reduces cell apoptosis. However, the understanding of IRE1 responses and cell death fate remains controversial. This review provides updated data about the role IRE1 plays in chondrocytes and new insights about the potential efficacy of IRE1 regulation in cartilage repair and osteoarthritis treatment.
Hemin-primed dendritic cells suppress allergic airway inflammation through releasing extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wu Yujiao , Yu Qianying , Zhang Meng , Zhou Yao , Su Xiao , Wu Min , Lv Jiajia , Xia Zhenwei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHemin, a substrate of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, induces HO-1 expression on a variety of cells to exert anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. However, the role of HO-1 in allergic diseases for dendritic cells (DCs) is not fully understood. Here, we report that HO-1 modulates asthmatic airway inflammation by hemin-treated DC-released extracellular vesicles (DCEVs). Following induction of bone marrow-derived DCs by hemin and then by house dust mite (HDM) in vitro, mouse CD4+ naïve T cells were cocultured with DCEVs to determine T helper (h) cell differentiation. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by different stimuli-induced DCEVs and challenged with HDM to analyze the changes of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results showed that hemin-treated DCEVs (hemin-DCEVs) express phosphatidylserine (PS), CD81, heat shock protein 70, and HO-1, which facilitates regulatory T (Treg) cells differentiation in vitro and in vivo. In HDM-induced asthmatic mouse model, hemin-DCEVs inhalation reduced eosinophils infiltration and mucus secretion in the airway, decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the lung and the number of Th2 cells in mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs), and increased the number of Treg cells in MLNs. Thus, our study demonstrated, for the first time, that EVs from HO-1-overexpressing DCs alleviate allergic airway inflammation of eosinophilic asthma by potentiating Treg cells differentiation and limiting proinflammatory cytokine secretion, which expands our understanding of HO-1 function, opening the door for HO-1 inducer-like hemin as a novel therapeutic strategy for asthma or other allergic diseases.
Development and Validation of Noninvasive MRI‐Based Signature for Preoperative Prediction of Early Recurrence in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhang Wei , Zhu Yuan‐Yi , Zheng Hao‐Yu , Xu Li , Zhang Jun , Liu Si‐Yun , Li Fu‐Yu , Song Bin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCholangiocarcinoma is a type of hepatobiliary tumor. For perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA), patients who experience early recurrence (ER) have a poor prognosis. Preoperative accurate prediction of postoperative ER can avoid unnecessary operation; however, prediction is challenging.PurposeTo develop a novel signature based on clinical and/or MRI radiomics features of pCCA to preoperatively predict ER.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationOne hundred eighty‐four patients (median age, 61.0 years; interquartile range: 53.0–66.8 years) including 115 men and 69 women.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T; volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequence.AssessmentThe models were developed from the training set (128 patients) and validated in a separate testing set (56 patients). The contrast‐enhanced arterial and portal vein phase MR images of hepatobiliary system were used for extracting radiomics features. The correlation analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression (LR), backward stepwise LR were mainly used for radiomics feature selection and modeling (Modelradiomic). The univariate and multivariate backward stepwise LR were used for preoperative clinical predictors selection and modeling (Modelclinic). The radiomics and preoperative clinical predictors were combined by multivariate LR method to construct clinic‐radiomics nomogram (Modelcombine).Statistical TestsChi‐squared (χ2) test or Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U‐test or t‐test, Delong test. Two tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsBased on the comparison of area under the curves (AUC) using Delong test, Modelclinic and Modelcombine had significantly better performance than Modelradiomic and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) system in training set. In the testing set, both Modelclinic and Modelcombine had significantly better performance than TNM system, whereas only Modelcombine was significantly superior to Modelradiomic. However, the AUC values were not significantly different between Modelclinic and Modelcombine (P = 0.156 for training set and P = 0.439 for testing set).Data ConclusionA noninvasive model combining the MRI‐based radiomics signature and clinical variables is potential to preoperatively predict ER for pCCA.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage4
Regional differences in the predictors of acute electrical reconnection following high‐power pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yazaki Kyoichiro , Ejima Koichiro , Kataoka Shohei , Kanai Miwa , Higuchi Satoshi , Yagishita Daigo , Shoda Morio , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR) is associated with long procedure times and large radiofrequency (RF) energy delivery during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Although the efficacy of high‐power PVI (HP‐PVI) has been recently established, the determinants of acute PVR following HP‐PVI remain unclear.MethodsWe evaluated data on 62 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing unipolar signal modification (USM)‐guided HP‐PVI. A 50‐W RF wave was applied for 3‐5 seconds after USM. In the segments adjacent to the esophagus (SAEs), the RF time was limited to 5 seconds. Each circle was subdivided into six regions (segments), and the possible predictors of acute PVR, including minimum contact force (CFmin), minimum force‐time integral (FTImin), minimum ablation index (AImin), minimum impedance drop (Imp‐min), and maximum inter‐lesion distance (ILDmax), were assessed in each segment.ResultsWe investigated 1162 ablations in 744 segments (including 124 SAEs). Acute PVR was observed in 21 (17%) SAEs and 43 (7%) other segments (P = .001). The acute PVR segments were characterized by significantly lower CFmin, FTImin, AImin, and Imp‐min values in the segments other than the SAEs and larger ILDmax values in the SAEs. Furthermore, lower Imp‐min and larger ILDmax values independently predicted acute PVR in the segments other than the SAEs and SAEs (odds ratios 0.90 and 1.39 respectively). Acute PVR was not significantly associated with late atrial fibrillation recurrence.ConclusionsAvoiding PVR remains a challenge in HP‐PVI cases, but it might be resolved by setting the optimal target impedance drop and lesion distance values.