bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Corporate Governance on Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhanti Jovita , Butar Butar Ivan Destian , Pangaribuan Christian Haposan 
Published: July 2021

Objective – This study aims to know the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on the non-performing loan of a bank. This study also aims to analyze which corporate governance aspects are significant to the banks’ non-performing loans in Indonesia. Another objective of this study is to examine whether the relationship between corporate governance and non performing loan depends on bank ownership. This study’s corporate governance variables are the board size, board independence, and bank ownership category. This study focuses on the non-performing loan of the banks in Indonesia.
Methodology – This study will examine 26 banks in Indonesia listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). It includes both foreign-owned (foreign bank) and domestic banks. The length of the period of observation is seven years, from 2012 to 2018. Panel data of these banks are analyzed using the fixed-effect regression.
Findings – The regression result shows that board size and bank ownership category have no significant impact on the non-performing loan, while the board independence impacts non-performing loans negatively.
Novelty – This study contributes to the academic literature, specifically on the issue of corporate governance in the banking sector. This study’s result and findings could be used as the reference for other studies and further research on the corporate governance issue. This study will also expand the literature about corporate governance in the Indonesian banking sector since there are still a limited number of studies that discussed this specific matter.
Corporate Governance Mechanism on Financial Performance (Evidence from the Indonesia’s Listed State-owned Enterprises)
Authors: Maldini Anak Agung Kompiyang Ratih , Pasaribu Pananda , Pangaribuan Christian Haposan 
Published: July 2021

Objective – This study aims to find the impact of privatization, which proxied by good corporate governance toward the financial performance of SOEs in Indonesia.
Methodology – This study used 16 privatized SOEs that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and also 16 privatized non-SOEs as the comparison. The data is collected from the year 2014 to 2018 and analyzed by using multiple regression panel data.
Findings – This study found that director size and board independence have a positive impact toward SOEs financial performance. The director size and board independences have a positive significant impact toward the SOEs financial performance while the privatized non-SOEs is not significantly affected
Novelty – This study examines proper governance structure in SOEs and non-SOEs, thus providing new insights about good corporate governance regulation in the Indonesian context.
The Impact of Groundwater Irrigation Development on Cropping Intensity and Crop Productivity in Krishnagiri District
Authors: Kumar M. Arvind , Ashok K. R. , Prahadeeswaran M. , Vasanthi R. 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The study is done with the objective of assessing the impact of groundwater irrigation development on cropping intensity and crop productivity in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India.
Study Design: Purposive random sampling
Place and Duration of Study: Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India during 2019-20.
Methodology: The data on irrigation sources and area under various irrigation sources in Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu and India is subjected to growth analysis using trend studies and CAGR (Compound Annual Growth rate) to study the ground water irrigation development. Whereas, regression analysis was done with the primary data collected from 120 farming households in Krishnagiri on agricultural land use and irrigation to study the impact of groundwater irrigation on cropping intensity and crop productivity.
Results: As the net tube wells and other well irrigated area to net sown area (GWA) increases, there has been a corresponding increase in cropping intensity and crop productivity. The rise in percent of net tank and canal irrigated area to net sown area and percent of fertilizer applied area to net sown area have also increased cropping intensity and crop productivity whereas the increase in percent of net rainfed area to net sown area have decreased the cropping intensity and crop productivity.
Conclusion: The ground water utilization through tube well construction have increased the cropping intensity and crop productivity.
RIP3‐mediated necroptosis increases neuropathic pain via microglia activation: necrostatin‐1 has therapeutic potential
Authors: Fang Ping , Sun Gangqiang , Wang Jingyu 
Published: July 2021

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a clinical symptom that accompanies many diseases. We investigated the effect of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3)‐regulated necroptosis on NP and explored its relationship with microglia, in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research and provide new insights into the treatment of NP. In this study, the spared nerve injury (SNI) model was used along with intervention with necrostatin and the inhibitor of necroptosis necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1). Pain behavior tests were performed 1 and 3 days before the nerve injury (or sham) operation, and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the operation. The spinal cord tissues were collected for detection of RIP3 expression and distribution, changes in the number of microglia cells, activation of necroptosis, and the level of proinflammatory factors. Collected spinal cord tissues were analyzed using western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation assays, and ELISA, respectively. We found that, compared with the sham group, the expression of RIP3 protein in the spinal cord of rats in the SNI group increased from 3 to 14 days after surgery. Immunofluorescence staining showed that RIP3 was coexpressed with the microglia and the number of microglia increased significantly in the SNI model group. The results of immunoprecipitation assays suggested that a RIP3‐mediated necroptosis pathway promotes NP. After treatment with Nec‐1, the expression of RIP3 protein and the number of microglia were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in spinal dorsal horns were significantly decreased. These results indicate that RIP3 promotes necroptosis to increase the occurrence of NP via microglia.
Trimodal Sono/Photoinduced Focal Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Single‐Drug‐Based Nanosensitizer under Dual‐Activation
Authors: Hu DanRong , Pan Meng , Yang Yun , Sun Ao , Chen Yu , Yuan LiPing , Huang KangKang , Qu Ying , He ChengQi , Wei Quan , Qian ZhiYong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFocal therapy, or partial gland ablation, represents the middle ground between active surveillance and definitive treatment strategies against localized prostate cancer (PCa), among which the ultrasound‐ and light‐mediated focal therapies are quite promising. Herein, for the first time in the literature, a novel polysaccharide‐based nanoprodrug is fabricated for synergistic sonodynamic therapy and phototherapy against localized PCa. Specifically, the cyanine dye IR806 is conjugated to chondroitin sulfate (CS) via disulfide linkages to obtain CS‐ss‐IR806 (CSR) conjugates, which then self‐assemble to form CSR nanoparticles (NPs) with properties of enhanced endocytosis, redox/hyaluronidase‐responsiveness, and mitochondria‐targeted ability. In contrast to free sensitizers, CSR NPs reveal dramatically enhanced water solubility, substantially lower dark toxicity, and superior biocompatibility. Encouragingly, favorable hyperthermia and high reactive oxygen species generation are observed on exposing CSR NPs to combined sono/photoirradiation. In a PCa tumor‐bearing mice model, intratumoral injection with a markedly low dose of CSR NPs followed by dual‐irradiation results in superior trimodal anticancer efficacy when compared with either monoirradiation strategy. Such synergistic antitumor efficacy is further demonstrated to be associated with the common and complementary mechanisms of sonotherapy and phototherapy. This work provides a promising approach as a next‐generation focal therapy strategy against localized PCa.
An Anti‐Freezing, Ambient‐Stable and Highly Stretchable Ionic Skin with Strong Surface Adhesion for Wearable Sensing and Soft Robotics
Authors: Ying Binbin , Chen Ryan Zeyuan , Zuo Runze , Li Jianyu , Liu Xinyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNatural living systems such as wood frogs develop tissues composed of active hydrogels with cryoprotectants to survive in cold environments. Recently, hydrogels have been intensively studied to develop stretchable electronics for wearables and soft robots. However, regular hydrogels are inevitably frozen at the subzero temperature and easily dehydrated, and have weak surface adhesion. Herein, a novel hydrogel‐based ionic skin (iSkin) capable of strain sensing is demonstrated with high toughness, high stretchability, excellent ambient stability, superior anti‐freezing capability, and strong surface adhesion. The iSkin consists of a piece of ionically and covalently cross‐linked tough hydrogel with a thin bioadhesive layer. With the addition of biocompatible cryoprotectant and electrolyte, the iSkin shows good conductivity in wide ranges of relative humidity (15–90%) and temperature (−95–25 °C). In addition, the iSkin can adhere firmly to diverse material surfaces under different conditions, including cloth fabric, skin, and elastomers, in both dry and wet conditions, at subzero temperature, and/or with dynamic movement. The iSkin is demonstrated for applications including strain sensing on both human body and winter coat, human–machine interaction, motion/deformation sensing on a soft gripper and a soft robot at extremely cold conditions. This work provides a new paradigm for developing high‐performance artificial skins for wearable sensing and soft robotics.
Prospects and Challenges of MXenes as Emerging Sensing Materials for Flexible and Wearable Breath‐Based Biomarker Diagnosis
Authors: Hermawan Angga , Amrillah Tahta , Riapanitra Anung , Ong Wee‐Jun , Yin Shu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non‐invasive, low‐cost, real‐time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface‐to‐weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy‐to‐assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes‐based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab‐scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet‐of‐Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.
Structure‐Dependent Influence of Moisture on Resistive Switching Behavior of ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Milano Gianluca , Luebben Michael , Laurenti Marco , Boarino Luca , Ricciardi Carlo , Valov Ilia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResistive switching mechanisms underlying memristive devices are widely investigated, and the importance as well as influence of ambient conditions on the electrical performances of memristive cells are already recognized. However, detailed understanding of the ambient effect on the switching mechanism still remains a challenge. This work presents an experimental investigation on the effect of moisture on resistive switching performances of ZnO‐based electrochemical metallization memory cells. ZnO thin films are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and radio frequency sputtering. Water molecules are observed to influence electrical resistance of ZnO by affecting the electronic conduction mechanism and by providing additional species for ionic conduction. By influencing dissolution and migration of ionic species underlying resistive switching events, moisture is reported to tune resistive switching parameters. In particular, the presence of H2O is responsible for a decrease of the forming and SET voltages and an increase of the ON/OFF resistance ratio in both CVD and sputtered films. The effect of moisture on resistive switching performance is found to be more pronounced in case of sputtered films where the reduced grain size is responsible for an increased adsorption of water molecules and an increased amount of possible pathways for ion migration.
3D Network of Sepia Melanin and N‐ and, S‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Quantum Dots for Sustainable Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Gouda Abdelaziz , Manioudakis John , Naccache Rafik , Soavi Francesca , Santato Clara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic electrode materials operating in aqueous electrolytes offer the opportunity to avoid toxic, critical, and expensive materials for electrochemical energy storage. When deposited on carbon current collectors, redox active organic materials add faradaic to electrostatic capacitance contribution to the electrodes. Here, a 3D network electrode material is reported upon, based on sepia melanin, a quinone macromolecule, and nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐doped graphitic carbon quantum dots (N,S GCQDs) designed to achieve good electronic conductivity and electrolyte wettability. The effect of various undoped and doped carbon quantum dots is also investigated, synthesized from acetic acid and sucrose instead of graphite, on the electrochemical performance of sepia melanin. Sepia/N,S GCQD shows optimum areal capacitance (≈180 mF cm−2) that is about twice as high as sepia (≈77 mF cm−2) with lower charge transfer resistance (1 ohm for sepia/N,S GCQDs compared to 10 ohms for sepia). The sepia/N,S GCQD symmetric supercapacitor in 0.5 m Na2SO4(aq) exhibits promising capacitance retention ≈92% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, 100% coulombic efficiency, 11 µW h cm−2 and 102 mW cm−2 maximum energy and power densities. The work paves the way for stable and potentially biodegradable supercapacitor electrode materials for environmentally benign electrochemical energy storage.
Sonopermeation with Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Microbubbles Reduces Solid Stress and Improves Nanomedicine Delivery to Tumors
Authors: Sulheim Einar , Hanson Ingunn , Snipstad Sofie , Vikedal Krister , Mørch Yrr , Boucher Yves , Davies Catharina de Lange 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDrug delivery to tumors is challenging due to biological barriers obstructing effective delivery. Sonopermeation with ultrasound and microbubbles has been shown to improve therapeutic effect of many classes of drugs, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, two subcutaneous xenograft tumor models, that differed substantially in blood vessel density and stiffness, is treated with poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles and nanoparticle‐stabilized microbubbles combined with ultrasound. Improved nanoparticle accumulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) penetration is found. The stiffness and solid stress in the tumors are measured and it is discovered that sonopermeation can reduce the solid stress in both models, with the highest effect in the stiffest tumor model. This suggests that sonopermeation affects not only the blood vessel wall which has been described previously, but also the ECM to reduce solid stress and increase diffusion and transport of nanomedicines.
A Novel Human Long Noncoding RNA SCDAL Promotes Angiogenesis through SNF5‐Mediated GDF6 Expression
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Hu Wangxing , Chen Huan , Wang Yingchao , Li Qingju , Xiao Changchen , Fan Lin , Zhong Zhiwei , Chen Xiaoying , Lv Kaiqi , Zhong Shuhan , Shi Yanna , Chen Jinghai , Zhu Wei , Zhang Jianyi , Hu Xinyang , Wang Jian'an 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAngiogenesis is essential for vascular development. The roles of regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mediating angiogenesis remain under‐explored. Human embryonic stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hES‐MSCs) are shown to exert more potent cardioprotective effects against cardiac ischemia than human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (hBM‐MSCs), associated with enhanced neovascularization. The purpose of this study is to search for angiogenic lncRNAs enriched in hES‐MSCs, and investigate their roles and mechanisms. AC103746.1 is one of the most highly expressed intergenic lncRNAs detected in hES‐MSCs versus hBM‐MSCs, and named as SCDAL (stem cell‐derived angiogenic lncRNA). SCDAL knockdown significantly reduce the angiogenic potential and reparative effects of hES‐MSCs in the infarcted hearts, while overexpression of SCDAL in either hES‐MSCs or hBM‐MSCs exhibits augmented angiogenesis and cardiac function recovery. Mechanistically, SCDAL induces growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) expression via direct interaction with SNF5 at GDF6 promoter. Secreted GDF6 promotes endothelial angiogenesis via non‐canonical vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 activation. Furthermore, SCDAL‐GDF6 is expressed in human endothelial cells, and directly enhances endothelial angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, these findings uncover a previously unknown lncRNA‐dependent regulatory circuit for angiogenesis. Targeted intervention of the SCDAL‐GDF6 pathway has potential as a therapy for ischemic heart diseases.
Emerging Targets in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Complications
Authors: Demir Sevgican , Nawroth Peter P. , Herzig Stephan , Ekim Üstünel Bilgen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a metabolic, chronic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and elevated blood glucose levels. Although a large drug portfolio exists to keep the blood glucose levels under control, these medications are not without side effects. More importantly, once diagnosed diabetes is rarely reversible. Dysfunctions in the kidney, retina, cardiovascular system, neurons, and liver represent the common complications of diabetes, which again lack effective therapies that can reverse organ injury. Overall, the molecular mechanisms of how type 2 diabetes develops and leads to irreparable organ damage remain elusive. This review particularly focuses on novel targets that may play role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Further research on these targets may eventually pave the way to novel therapies for the treatment—or even the prevention—of type 2 diabetes along with its complications.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Pyrroles: An Overview
Authors: Rakendu Pramod N. , Aneeja Thaipparambil , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrroles are well known scaffolds having wide applications in biological and pharmaceutical field. It is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold present in many natural products, drug molecules, agrochemicals and has shown applications in material science. Solvent‐free synthesis of pyrroles became an emerging area in organic synthesis. This review focuses on the solvent‐free synthesis of pyrroles covering literature up to 2021.
Vanadium oxide‐supported copper ferrite nanoparticles: A reusable and highly efficient catalyst for rhodamine B degradation via activation of peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Salami Rasoul , Amini Mojtaba , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Chae Keun Hwa 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA magnetic vanadium oxide nanoparticles supported on spinel copper ferrite (CuFe2O4–VOx) are prepared, characterized, and examined for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) in water solution. Interestingly, the results show that despite the inability of mixture of copper ferrite and vanadium oxides nanoparticles to the effective RhB decomposition, the prepared catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic ability toward RhB oxidation. The influence of vital parameters, such as temperature, PMS concentration, catalyst loading, and initial pH are discussed comprehensively. The kinetic studies demonstrate that the pseudo‐first‐order model is well fitted for RhB degradation in CuFe2O4–VOx/PMS system and the activation energy is estimated at 19.60 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, it is found out that the concentration of leached metal ions in solution is negligible and PMS activation is done mainly on the surface of the catalyst. A probable mechanism of PMS activation over RhB degradation is proposed based on the results of free radical quenching studies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Radical quenching experiments using various scavengers suggest SO4•−as a main reactive species in the degradation.
Nucleophilic Activation of Sulfur Hexafluoride by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and N‐Heterocyclic Olefins: A Computational Study
Authors: Huang Shiqing , Wang Yedong , Hu Chubin , Yan Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is considered as a potent greenhouse gas, whose effective degradation is challenging. Here we report a computational study on the nucleophilic activation of sulfur hexafluoride by N‐heterocyclic carbenes and N‐heterocyclic olefins. The result shows that the activation of SF6 is both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable at mild condition using NHOs with fluoro‐substituted azolium and sulfur pentafluoride anion being formed. The Gibbs free energy barrier during the activation of SF6 has a linear relationship with the energy of HOMO of substrates, which could be a guideline for applying those compounds that feature higher energy in HOMO to activate SF6 in high efficiency.
The effect of chronic viral hepatitis on prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sellers Cortlandt M. , Uhlig Johannes , Ludwig Johannes M. , Pollak Jeffrey S. , Taddei Tamar H. , Stein Stacey M. , Lim Joseph K. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation and the immune system significantly impact the development, progression, and treatment response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study investigated the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic biomarker in Western patients with HCC in the setting of chronic viral hepatitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with HCC from 2005 to 2016 were selected from a tertiary care institution. NLR was calculated within 30 days prior to treatment and dichotomized at the median. Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) curves and Cox hazard proportional models were utilized. Tumor and liver reserve parameters were included in multivariable analyses (MVA).ResultsA total of 581 patients met inclusion criteria (median age 61.0 yr; 78.3% male; 66.3% Caucasian) with median OS = 34.9 mo. 371 patients (63.9%) had viral hepatitis, of which 350 had hepatitis C (94.3%). The low‐NLR group (<median NLR = 2.45) demonstrated higher median OS of 45.6 mo versus the high‐NLR group (median OS 23.9 mo, p < 0.0001). Log‐transformed NLR was associated with decreased OS, after multivariable adjustment for confounders (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.34, p = 0.0033). Viral hepatitis was identified as an NLR effect modifier: in nonviral hepatitis (n = 210), low NLR was associated with higher median OS versus high NLR (56.7 mo vs. 17.6 mo, p < 0.0001). This was decreased in viral hepatitis (n = 371) (low vs. high NLR: 41.9 mo vs. 35.2 mo, p = 0.0109). Further, the interaction term between hepatitis and log‐transformed NLR was significant (p = 0.0274) on MVA.ConclusionsLower baseline NLR was associated with increased overall survival in HCC. Viral hepatitis serves as an effect modifier of NLR, attenuating its prognostic relevance in this hepatitis C‐predominant population.