bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The origins of aneuploidy research consortium
Authors: Benn Peter , Cuckle Howard , Pergament Eugene 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe presence of high levels of aneuploidy in oocytes and early embryos and their fate is of considerable scientific and clinical importance. The Origins of Aneuploidy Research Consortium (OARC) was established to promote interdisciplinary communication and collaborative research into this topic. Under the umbrella of OARC, a series of papers has now been published in this Special Issue of Prenatal Diagnosis. Recent studies have transformed the view that aneuploidy is usually attributable to meiotic non‐disjunction. The molecular basis for the association between meiotic error and maternal age is becoming understood. The clinical significance of mitotic instability in the earliest cells divisions of the embryo is also becoming clearer. An error in the segregation of one or more whole chromosomes from a parent does not invariably result in a non‐viable pregnancy or an abnormal outcome. Epidemiologic data allows an assessment of in utero viability, the effect of maternal age, and secondary factors that may affect aneuploidy prevalence. We advocate careful use of nomenclature and revision of educational materials to more accurately explain the complex and often nuanced mechanisms. OARC plans to hold additional workshops, promote additional publications and offer educational resources.
Synthesis of polymers containing vicinal tricarbonyl moiety and construction of reversible crosslinking–decrosslinking polymer system
Authors: Endo Takeshi , Yonekawa Morio , Sudo Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVicinal tricarbonyl compounds, in which three carbonyl groups are consecutively connected, are intriguing reactive molecules with a highly electrophilic nature. The center carbonyl group activated by two adjacent electron‐withdrawing carbonyl groups reacts efficiently with weak nucleophiles such as water, alcohols, thiols and aromatic amines to afford the corresponding adducts. In addition, because the reactions of the center carbonyl group with nucleophiles are intrinsically in equilibrium, the adducts undergo dissociation into the corresponding tricarbonyl compounds and nucleophiles under the appropriate conditions. Based on the reversible nature of vicinal tricarbonyl compounds with nucleophiles, a reversible crosslinking–decrosslinking system can be constructed where appropriately designed polymers and crosslinkers bearing vicinal tricarbonyl compounds are effectively used. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
A model of perinatal stress and childhood wheezing: ELSPAC‐CZ cohort
Authors: Stepanikova Irena , Thon Vojtech , Mikes Ondrej , Klanova Jana 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal origins of wheezing are not fully understood. This study develops a model of mechanisms linking perinatal stress exposure to wheeze phenotypes in children.MethodsData were obtained from 1880 mother‐child dyads participating in ELSPAC‐CZ birth cohort. Wheeze phenotypes assessed between birth and age 7 years included “never wheeze,” “early‐onset transient (EOT) wheeze,” “early‐onset persistent (EOP) wheeze,” and “late‐onset (LO) wheeze.” Prenatal and postnatal stress exposures were assessed in mid‐pregnancy and 6 months after delivery, respectively, using an inventory of 42 life events.ResultsIn adjusted models, children in the highest tercile (high) versus lowest tercile (low) for prenatal life events had a 38% higher risk of EOT wheeze (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.88; p = .041) and 50% higher risk of LO wheeze (RRR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.00–2.25; p = .047). High versus low exposure to postnatal life events predicted a 60% increase in relative risk of EOT wheeze (RRR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.17–2.19; p = .003) and medium versus low exposure was related to an 85% increase in relative risk of EOP wheeze (RRR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.16–2.95; p = .010). Lower respiratory tract infections and postpartum depression partially mediated between postnatal life events and any wheeze (indirect effects 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.09, p = .003 and odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.02–1.15, p = .012, respectively), while postnatal events mediate for prenatal events (indirect effect OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.03–1.18; p = .005).ConclusionsExposures to prenatal and postnatal life events are risk factors for the development of wheezing. Prenatal stress contributes to wheeze directly and also through postnatal life events, respiratory infections, and maternal depression.
Janus Nanosheets with Face‐Selective Molecular Recognition Properties from DNA–Peptide Conjugates
Authors: Albert Shine K. , Lee Sunghee , Durai Prasannavenkatesh , Hu Xiaole , Jeong Byeongmoon , Park Keunwan , Park So‐Jung 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChemical and functional anisotropy in Janus materials offer intriguing possibilities for constructing complex nanostructures and regulating chemical and biological reactions. Here, the authors report the fabrication of Janus nanosheets from molecular building blocks composed of two information‐carrying biopolymers, DNA and peptides. Experimental and structural modeling studies reveal that DNA–peptide diblock conjugates assemble into Janus nanosheets with distinct DNA and peptide faces. The surprising level of structural control is attributed to the exclusive parallel β‐sheet formation of phenylalanine‐rich peptides. This approach is extended to triblock DNA1–peptide–DNA2 conjugates, which assemble into nanosheets presenting two different DNA on opposite faces. The Janus nanosheets with independently addressable faces are utilized to organize an enzyme pair for concerted enzymatic reactions, where enhanced catalytic activities are observed. These results demonstrate that the predictable and designable peptide interaction is a promising tool for creating Janus nanostructures with regio‐selective and sequence‐specific molecular recognition properties.
Rational Surface and Interfacial Engineering of IrO2/TiO2 Nanosheet Arrays toward High‐Performance Chlorine Evolution Electrocatalysis and Practical Environmental Remediation
Authors: Wang Yunting , Xue Yudong , Zhang Chunhui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical and commercially valuable electrochemical reaction in industrial‐scale utilization, including the Chlor‐alkali industry, seawater electrolysis, and saline wastewater treatment. Aiming at boosting CER electrocatalysis, hybrid IrO2/TiO2 nanosheet arrays (NSAs) with rational surface and interfacial tuning strategies are proposed in this study. The IrO2/TiO2 NSAs exhibit superb CER electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential (44 mV) at 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope of 40 mV dec−1, high CER selectivity (95.8%), and long‐term durability, outperforming most of the existing counterparts. The boosting mechanism is proposed that the aerophobic/hydrophilic surface engineering and interfacial electronic structure tuning of IrO2/TiO2 are beneficial for the Cl− mass‐transfer, Cl2 release, and Volmer–Heyvrosky kinetics during the CER. Practical saline wastewater treatment by using the IrO2/TiO2 NSAs electrode is further conducted, demonstrating it has a higher p‐nitrophenol degradation ratio (95.10% in 60 min) than that of other electrodes. The rational surface and interfacial engineering of IrO2/TiO2 NSAs can open up a new way to design highly efficient electrocatalysts for industrial application and environmental remediation.
Formation Pathways of Porous Alloy Nanoparticles through Selective Chemical and Electrochemical Etching
Authors: Jiang Yingying , Wang Lu , Meunier Michel , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPorous alloy nanomaterials are important for applications in catalysis, sensing, and actuation. Chemical and electrochemical etching are two methods to form porous nanostructures by dealloying bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, it is not clear how the NPs evolve during these etching processes. Insight into the morphological and compositional transformations of the NPs during the etching is critical to understanding the nanoscale details of the dealloying process. Here, using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy, the structural evolution of individual AuAg alloy NPs is tracked during both chemical and electrochemical etching of their Ag component. The observations show that the electrochemical etching produces NPs with more uniform pore sizes than the chemical etching and enables tuning the NPs porosity by modulating the electrochemical potential. The results show that at the initial stages of both etching methods, Au‐rich passivation layer forms on the surface of the NPs, which is critical in preserving the NP's porous shell as pores form underneath this layer during the etching. These findings describing the selective etching and dealloying of AuAg NPs provide a critical insight needed to control the morphology and composition of porous multimetallic NPs, and paves the way for synthesizing nanomaterials with tailored chemical and physical properties for various applications.
Dimethyl Itaconate‐Loaded Nanofibers Rewrite Macrophage Polarization, Reduce Inflammation, and Enhance Repair of Myocardic Infarction
Authors: Nakkala Jayachandra Reddy , Yao Yuejun , Zhai Zihe , Duan Yiyuan , Zhang Deteng , Mao Zhengwei , Lu Linrong , Gao Changyou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCellular metabolism plays a major role in the regulation of inflammation. The inflammatory macrophages undergo a wide‐range of metabolic rewriting due to the production of significant amount of itaconate metabolite from cis‐aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This itaconate molecule has been recently described as a promising immunoregulator. However, its function and mode of action on macrophages and tissue repair and regeneration are yet unclear. Herein, the itaconate‐derivative dimethyl itaconate (DMI) suppresses the IL‐23/IL‐17 inflammatory axis‐associated genes and promotes antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 target genes. The poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL)/DMI nanofibers implanted in mice initially maintain inflammation by suppressing anti‐inflammatory activity and particular inflammation, while at later stage promotes anti‐inflammatory activity for an appropriate tissue repair. Furthermore, the PCL/DMI nanofiber patches show an excellent myocardial protection by reducing infarct area and improving ventricular function via time‐dependent regulation of myocardium‐associated genes. This study unveils potential DMI macrophage modulatory functions in tissue microenvironment and macrophages rewriting for proper tissue repair.
Critical Role of Functional Groups Containing N, S, and O on Graphene Surface for Stable and Fast Charging Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Sun Jinhua , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Jankowski Piotr , Xiao Linhong , Sanchez Jaime S. , Xia Zhenyuan , Lee Suyeong , Talyzin Alexandr V. , Matic Aleksandar , Palermo Vincenzo , Sun Yang‐Kook , Agostini Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are considered one of the most promising energy storage technologies, possibly replacing the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries owing to their high energy density, low cost, and eco‐compatibility. However, the migration of high‐order lithium polysulfides (LiPs) to the lithium surface and the sluggish electrochemical kinetics pose challenges to their commercialization. The interactions between the cathode and LiPs can be enhanced by the doping of the carbon host with heteroatoms, however with relatively low doping content (<10%) in the bulk of the carbon, which can hardly interact with LiPs at the host surface. In this study, the grafting of versatile functional groups with designable properties (e.g., catalytic effects) directly on the surface of the carbon host is proposed to enhance interactions with LiPs. As model systems, benzene groups containing N/O and S/O atoms are vertically grafted and uniformly distributed on the surface of expanded reduced graphene oxide, fostering a stable interface between the cathode and LiPs. The combination of experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate improvements in chemical interactions between graphene and LiPs, with an enhancement in the electrochemical kinetics, power, and energy densities.
Single‐Nanoparticle Coulometry Method with High Sensitivity and High Throughput to Study the Electrochemical Activity and Oscillation of Single Nanocatalysts
Authors: Lin Mohan , Zhou Yingke , Bu Lingzheng , Bai Chuang , Tariq Muhammad , Wang Huihui , Han Jinli , Huang Xiaoqing , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo explore nanocatalysts with high electro‐catalytic performance and less loading of precious metals, efforts have been made to develop electrochemical methods with high spatial resolution at the single nanoparticle level. Herein, a highly sensitive single‐nanoparticle coulometry method is successfully developed to study the electrochemical activity and oscillation of single PtTe nanocatalysts. Based on microbattery reactions involving the formic acid electro‐oxidation and the deposition of Ag on the single PtTe nanocatalyst surface, this method enables the transition from the undetectable sub‐fA electric signal of the formic acid electro‐oxidation into strong localized surface plasmon resonance scattering signal of Ag detected by dark‐field microscopy. The lowest limiting current for a single nanocatalyst is found to be as low as 25.8 aA. Different trends of activity versus the formic acid concentration and types of activity of the single nanocatalyst have been discovered. Unveiled frequency‐amplitude graph shows that the two electrochemical oscillation modes of low frequency with high amplitude and vice versa coexist in a single PtTe nanocatalyst, indicating the abundantly smooth surfaces and defects of nanocatalysts. This conducted study will open up the new avenue for further behavioral and mechanistic investigation of more types of nanocatalysts in the electrochemistry community.
Sub‐chronic exposure to ammonia inhibits the growth of juvenile Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) mainly by downregulation of growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor axis
Authors: Guo Honghui , Lin Wang , Yang Liping , Qiu Yuming , Kuang Yu , Yang Hui , Zhang Ce , Li Li , Li Dapeng , Tang Rong , Zhang Xi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, healthy Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles were exposed to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 30 days to elucidate toxic effects and mechanisms of ammonia on growth performance involved with the regulation of growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor (GH/IGF) and hypothalamic–pituitary‐thyroid (HPT) axes. Our results showed that the increasing total ammonia nitrogen concentrations caused dose‐depend decreases in the weight gain and specific growth rate but increases in the food conversion ratio and mortality in juvenile bream, indicating growth inhibitory effects induced by ammonia. Concurrently, GH, IGF‐1 at protein and mRNA levels were significantly decreased in ammonia exposure groups (p < .05), while serum thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine levels were significantly reduced only in fish exposed to higher concentrations of 20 and 30 mg/L ammonia (p < .05), suggesting that ammonia exposure could perturb both GH/IGF‐axis and HPT‐axis functions. Furthermore, transcriptional levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases 2 (erk2), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (pi3k), protein kinase B (akt), target of rapamycin (tom) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase‐polypeptide 1(s6k1) in the dorsal muscle were significantly down‐regulated in the fish exposed to ammonia (p < .05). This fact indicated that MAPK/ERK pathway and PI3K/AKT pathway should be responsible for the growth inhibition. Combining the results of spearman correlation coefficient, it should be noted that the GH/IGF axis played a more important role in regulating the growth than the HPT axis in Wuchang bream under persistent ammonia stress.
SINgapore GERiatric intervention study to reduce physical frailty and cognitive decline (SINGER)–pilot: A feasibility study
Authors: Chew Kimberly Ann , Xu Xin , Siongco Paula , Villaraza Steven , Phua April Ka Sin , Wong Zi Xuen , Chung Chooi Yu , Tang Ning , Chew Effie , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Koo Edward , Chen Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe SINGER pilot randomized controlled trial aims to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study (FINGER) multi‐domain lifestyle interventions compared to Singaporean adaptations.MethodsSeventy elderly participants were recruited and randomized into FINGER (n = 36) or SINGER (n = 34) interventions; involving physical exercise, cognitive training, diet, and vascular risk factors management, for 6 months.ResultsBoth intervention groups were equally feasible and acceptable with participants completing at least 80% of the interventions. Body strength improved in both groups (Pupper body = .04, Plower body = .06, Pcore = .05). More participants in the SINGER group attained good blood pressure control at month‐6 compared to FINGER (41% vs 19%; P = .06).DiscussionThis study is the first to compare the feasibility of multi‐domain interventions adapted to local culture with the FINGER interventions. The findings will be utilized for a larger study to provide evidence for the efficacy of multi‐domain lifestyle interventions in preventing cognitive decline.
The politics and governance of research into solar geoengineering
Authors: McLaren Duncan , Corry Olaf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch into solar geoengineering, far from being societally neutral, is already highly intertwined with its emerging politics. This review outlines ways in which research conditions or constructs solar geoengineering in diverse ways, including the forms of possible material technologies of solar geoengineering; the criteria and targets for their assessment; the scenarios in which they might be deployed; the publics which may support or oppose them; their political implications for other climate responses, and the international relations, governance mechanisms, and configurations of power that are presumed in order to regulate them. The review also examines proposals for governance of research, including suggested frameworks, principles, procedures, and institutions. It critically assesses these proposals, revealing their limitations given the context of the conditioning effects of current research. The review particularly highlights problems of the reproduction of Northern norms, instrumental approaches to public engagement, a weak embrace of precaution, and a persistent—but questionable—separation of research from deployment. It details complexities inherent in effective research governance which contribute to making the pursuit of solar geoengineering risky, controversial, and ethically contentious. In conclusion, it suggests a case for an explicit, reflexive research governance regime developed with international participation. It suggests that such a regime should encompass modeling and social science, as well as field experimentation, and must address not only technical and environmental, but also the emergent social and political, implications of research.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Non‐stationary bending of a finite electromagnetoelastic rod
Authors: Pham Thong D. , Tarlakovskii Dmitry V. , Paimushin Vitaliy N. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe related problem of non‐stationary bending of a finite electromagnetoelastic rod is considered. It is assumed that the material of the rod is a homogeneous isotropic conductor. The problem statement takes into account the initial electromagnetic field, the Lorentz force, Maxwell's equations and the generalized Ohm's law. The unknown functions are assumed to be bounded, and the initial conditions are assumed to be zero. It has noted that it is difficult to construct a solution analytically for a general model. Therefore, a transition is made to simplified equations corresponding to the Bernoulli‐Euler rod and the electromagnetic field is considered quasi‐stationary. For a rod with hinged ends, trigonometric series expansions and the Laplace transform in time are used. The solution of the problem is constructed in integral form with kernels in the form of influence functions. Images of kernels are found in the space of transformations and Fourier in the spatial coordinate. Their original functions are found explicitly. The present study presents examples of calculations for a concentrated load.
High-resolution AP-SMALDI MSI as a tool for drug imaging in Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Mokosch Annika S. , Gerbig Stefanie , Grevelding Christoph G. , Haeberlein Simone , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSchistosoma mansoni is a parasitic flatworm causing schistosomiasis, an infectious disease affecting several hundred million people worldwide. Schistosomes live dioeciously, and upon pairing with the male, the female starts massive egg production, which causes pathology. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug used, but it has an inherent risk of resistance development. Therefore, alternatives are needed. In the context of drug repurposing, the cancer drug imatinib was tested, showing high efficacy against S. mansoni in vitro. Besides the gonads, imatinib mainly affected the integrity of the intestine in males and females. In this study, we investigated the potential uptake and distribution of imatinib in adult schistosomes including its distribution kinetics. To this end, we applied for the first time atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI) for drug imaging in paired S. mansoni. Our results indicate that imatinib was present in the esophagus and intestine of the male as early as 20 min after in vitro exposure, suggesting an oral uptake route. After one hour, the drug was also found inside the paired female. The detection of the main metabolite, N-desmethyl imatinib, indicated metabolization of the drug. Additionally, a marker signal for the female ovary was successfully applied to facilitate further conclusions regarding organ tropism of imatinib. Our results demonstrate that AP-SMALDI MSI is a useful method to study the uptake, tissue distribution, and metabolization of imatinib in S. mansoni. The results suggest using AP-SMALDI MSI also for investigating other antiparasitic compounds and their metabolites in schistosomes and other parasites.
Graphical abstract
Quasi–invariant Hermite Polynomials and Lassalle–Nekrasov Correspondence
Authors: Feigin Misha V. , Hallnäs Martin A. , Veselov Alexander P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLassalle and Nekrasov discovered in the 1990s a surprising correspondence between the rational Calogero–Moser system with a harmonic term and its trigonometric version. We present a conceptual explanation of this correspondence using the rational Cherednik algebra and establish its quasi-invariant extension. More specifically, we consider configurations$${\mathcal {A}}$$Aof real hyperplanes with multiplicities admitting the rational Baker–Akhiezer function and use this to introduce a new class of non-symmetric polynomials, which we call$${\mathcal {A}}$$A-Hermite polynomials. These polynomials form a linear basis in the space of$${\mathcal {A}}$$A-quasi-invariants, which is an eigenbasis for the corresponding generalised rational Calogero–Moser operator with harmonic term. In the case of the Coxeter configuration of type$$A_N$$ANthis leads to a quasi-invariant version of the Lassalle–Nekrasov correspondence and its higher order analogues.