bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Data Use for Decision Making in Health Facilities in Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Karijo Eddah Kanini , Otieno George Ochieng , Mogere Stephen 
Published: June 2021

Background: Effective management of today’s health systems depends on the critical use of data for the policy-making, planning, monitoring of services, and making decisions. The use of data has been limited and faced with inadequacy hence vital health decisions often relying on political opportunism, donor demand, and infrequently repeated national studies which are insensitive to changes occurring over a shorter timescale.
Objective: This study was designed to identify determinants of utilization of routine data for decision making by health care providers in health facilities in Kitui County in Kenya.
Methods: The conceptual framework was constructed from the literature review. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study adopting quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. The district hospital was purposively selected. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to sample the health facilities in sub-counties and simple random sampling to select the respondents from different cadres in health facilities. The 110 participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. Key informant interviews, focused group discussions, observation, and analysis of documents in health facilities were applied. Recordings were transcribed and key concepts identified. Questionnaire results were edited, coded, tabulated, and analyzed using the SPSS 18.
Results: Respondents interviewed were different cadres of health care providers including doctors, clinical officers, nurses, and midwives from different levels of health facilities. Among the respondents, 70% were females, and 30% males. The majority, 64% had a diploma level of education. Nurses/ midwives were the majority, making up 81% of the workforce. The overall extent of data utilization was 66% not using data and 34% use the routine generated data. The following actors influence utilization of routine data: frequency of meetings held ( =42.036, df=1, p=0.001), data storage and analyzing methods ( = 30.582, df=1, p=0.001), and continuous professional training ( = 49.782, df=1, p=0.0001). Organization of the district health system influenced routine data utilization through the frequency of support supervision ( =30.000, df=1, p=0.001), issues assessed during supervision ( =49.164, df=2, p=0.002) and feedback report from the supervisors ( =5.236, df=1, p=0.022).
Conclusion: The study demonstrated limited utilization of routine data for decisions in health facilities and recommended the need for capacity building for data utilization through on job training and strengthening the curriculum in health training institutions in data-related areas. The ministry of health can standardize the parallel reporting levels and unify the reporting tools and finally ensure the districts have structured meetings, support supervision, and feedback to the health care providers.
Assessment of Grassroots Empowerment Programs for Economic Development in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nneka Abasilim Angela , Tonia Okhankhuele Omonigho 
Published: June 2021

Background: The work is anchored on community development theory and decentralization process which emphasize both a holistic approach to development and transfer of power, functions, competencies, and means from the central government to the regional and local governments at the grassroots.Objective: The study assessed the Anambra State Government’s Grassroots Development Scheme for economic empowerment of community dwellers, in all the local governments of Anambra state, in Southeastern Nigeria. This was with the view to determine the extent of involvement of all the communities in the Government’s Grassroots Development Scheme and the commitment of the people to the purpose for which the development scheme was initiated. Method: The primary source of data was used for the study. The population was made up of all the indigenes of Anambra State. The total number of respondents selected for the study is 975. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Result: The result showed that all the communities were involved in the grassroots development scheme of the Government of Anambra state (χ2=698.211, df =4, p=0.00). The research findings also showed that the communities were committed to the purpose for which the grassroots scheme was initiated (r=0.747, p=0.00). Conclusion: The study, therefore, concludes that all the communities in Anambra State were included in the grassroots development scheme of Anambra State and that the people of Anambra State were committed to the scheme as they embarked on and completed different development projects in the state
A computational and experimental assessment of the pipeline stress state under bending load and internal pressure
Authors: Ignatik A. A. 
Published: June 2021

Main pipelines are subjected to a complex of loads during operation. Monitoring of the stress state of the pipeline wall is necessary for performing strength calculations and evaluating the pipeline reliability.The article is devoted to the method of computational and experimental study of the stress state of a pipe under a bending load and combined action of a bending load and internal pressure.The experiments have been carried out on a laboratory bench. The object of the study is a pipe that has the following characteristics: an outer diameter of 325 mm, a wall thickness of 8.5 mm and steel grade of "14XGS". Electrical resistance strain gages were used to measure the strain of the pipe wall. Formulas for calculating the stress state components of the pipe wall in the elastic-plastic deformation stage are proposed. It is given formulas for calculating the stress state components of the pipe wall in the elastic-plastic deformation stage. Plots of hoop and longitudinal stresses as well as von Mises stress are obtained for the case of bending load on the pipe and the case of combined loading under bending and internal pressure. The areas of maximum values of von Mises stress where the transition to the limiting state is most likely have been determined.When only the bending load is applied, the maximum von Mises stress zone is observed on the lower area of the pipe in its central region. When combined loading under bending and internal pressure, the maximum von Mises stress zone is observed on the lateral area of the pipe in its central region.
Laboratory studies of the oil-displacing capacity of multifunctional chemical composition based on surfactants
Authors: Kozlov V. V. , Altunina L. K. , Stasyeva L. A. , Chernova U. V. , Sholidodov M. R. 
Published: June 2021

The development of deposits of hard-to-recover reserves, including heavy and high-viscosity oil, dictates the need to search for new and improve existing enhanced oil recovery methods. One of the well-known methods of increasing oil recovery is the use of reservoir treatments with chemical compositions containing surfactants. A new multifunctional chemical oil-displacing composition (MFC) capable of operating in a wide temperature range has been created at the Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The oil-displacing composition of MFC based on a surfactant, an adduct of inorganic acid, polyol, ammonium and aluminum salts, and urea is designed to increase the oil recovery of fields at both early and late stages of development.The article presents the results of laboratory tests of the developed MFC for enhanced oil recovery. Experiments were carried out on the setup to study the filtration characteristics of models of heterogeneous formation.As a result of experiments, it was found that the use of the MFC composition leads to a significant increase in the oil displacement coefficient at both low and high temperatures. The high oil-displacing capacity of MFC at low temperature is caused by the interaction of inorganic acid and polyol, which are part of the composition, with the formation of a strong acid that reacts with the carbonate rock of the reservoir. At high temperature, due to the processes of hydrolysis of urea and aluminum salt, MFC evolves into an alkaline composition with the formation of an alkaline buffer system (pH = 9), which is optimal for oil displacement purposes.
Mutation status and postresection survival of patients with non–small cell lung cancer brain metastasis: implications of biomarker-driven therapy
Authors: Shah Pavan P. , Franke Jennifer L. , Medikonda Ravi , Jackson Christopher M. , Srivastava Siddhartha , Choi John , Forde Patrick M. , Brahmer Julie R. , Ettinger David S. , Feliciano Josephine L. , Levy Benjamin P. , Marrone Kristen A. , Naidoo Jarushka , Redmond Kristin J. , Kleinberg Lawrence R. , Lim Michael 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common primary tumor to develop brain metastasis. Prognostic markers are needed to better determine survival after neurosurgical resection of intracranial disease. Given the importance of mutation subtyping in determining systemic therapy and overall prognosis of NSCLC, the authors examined the prognostic value of mutation status for postresection survival of patients with NSCLC brain metastasis.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively analyzed all cases of NSCLC brain metastasis with available molecular testing data that were resected by a single surgeon at a single academic center from January 2009 to February 2019. Mutation status, demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and treatments were analyzed. Association between predictive variables and overall survival after neurosurgery was determined with Cox regression.

RESULTS
Of the included patients (n = 84), 40% were male, 76% were smokers, the mean ± SD Karnofsky Performance Status was 85 ± 14, and the mean ± SD age at surgery was 63 ± 11 years. In total, 23%, 26%, and 4% of patients had EGFR, KRAS, and ALK/ROS1 alterations, respectively. On multivariate analysis, survival of patients with EGFR (HR 0.495, p = 0.0672) and KRAS (HR 1.380, p = 0.3617) mutations were not significantly different from survival of patients with wild-type (WT) tumor. However, the subgroup of patients with EGFR mutation who also received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy had significantly prolonged survival (HR 0.421, p = 0.0471). In addition, postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (HR 0.409, p = 0.0177) and resected tumor diameter < 3 cm (HR 0.431, p = 0.0146) were also significantly associated with prolonged survival, but Graded Prognostic Assessment score ≤ 1.0 (HR 2.269, p = 0.0364) was significantly associated with shortened survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with EGFR mutation who receive TKI therapy may have better survival after resection of brain metastasis than patients with WT tumor. These results may inform counseling and decision-making regarding the appropriateness of resection of NSCLC brain metastasis.
Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation funding conversion to National Institutes of Health funding
Authors: Smith Luke G. F. , Chiocca E. Antonio , Zipfel Gregory J. , Smith Adam G. F. , Groff Michael W. , Haid Regis W. , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation (NREF) provides research support for in-training and early career neurosurgeon-scientists. To define the impact of this funding, the authors assessed the success of NREF awardees in obtaining subsequent National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding.

METHODS
NREF in-training (Research Fellowship [RF] for residents) and early career awards/awardees (Van Wagenen Fellowship [VW] and Young Clinician Investigator [YCI] award for neurosurgery faculty) were analyzed. NIH funding was defined by individual awardees using the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting tool (1985–2014).

RESULTS
Between 1985 and 2014, 207 unique awardees were supported by 218 NREF awards ($9.84 million [M] in funding), including 117 RF ($6.02 M), 32 VW ($1.68 M), and 69 YCI ($2.65 M) awards. Subspecialty funding included neuro-oncology (79 awards; 36% of RF, VW, and YCI awards), functional (53 awards; 24%), vascular (37 awards; 17%), spine (22 awards; 10%), pediatrics (18 awards; 8%), trauma/critical care (5 awards; 2%), and peripheral nerve (4 awards; 2%). These awardees went on to receive $353.90 M in NIH funding that resulted in an overall NREF/NIH funding ratio of 36.0:1 (in dollars). YCI awardees most frequently obtained later NIH funding (65%; $287.27 M), followed by VW (56%; $41.10 M) and RF (31%; $106.59 M) awardees. YCI awardees had the highest NREF/NIH funding ratio (108.6:1), followed by VW (24.4:1) and RF (17.7:1) awardees. Subspecialty awardees who went on to obtain NIH funding included vascular (19 awardees; 51% of vascular NREF awards), neuro-oncology (40 awardees; 51%), pediatrics (9 awardees; 50%), functional (25 awardees; 47%), peripheral nerve (1 awardees; 25%), trauma/critical care (2 awardees; 20%), and spine (2 awardees; 9%) awardees. Subspecialty NREF/NIH funding ratios were 56.2:1 for vascular, 53.0:1 for neuro-oncology, 47.6:1 for pediatrics, 34.1:1 for functional, 22.2:1 for trauma/critical care, 9.5:1 for peripheral nerve, and 0.4:1 for spine. Individuals with 2 NREF awards achieved a higher NREF/NIH funding ratio (83.3:1) compared to those with 1 award (29.1:1).

CONCLUSIONS
In-training and early career NREF grant awardees are an excellent investment, as a significant portion of these awardees go on to obtain NIH funding. Moreover, there is a potent multiplicative impact of NREF funding converted to NIH funding that is related to award type and subspecialty.
Comparison of multimodal surgical and radiation treatment methods for pediatric craniopharyngioma: long-term analysis of progression-free survival and morbidity
Authors: Ravindra Vijay M. , Okcu M. Fatih , Ruggieri Lucia , Frank Thomas S. , Paulino Arnold C. , McGovern Susan L. , Horne Vincent E. , Dauser Robert C. , Whitehead William E. , Aldave Guillermo 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
The authors compared survival and multiple comorbidities in children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma who underwent gross-total resection (GTR) versus subtotal resection (STR) with radiation therapy (RT), either intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton beam therapy (PBT). The authors hypothesized that there are differences between multimodal treatment methods with respect to morbidity and progression-free survival (PFS).

METHODS
The medical records of children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma and treated surgically between February 1997 and December 2018 at Texas Children’s Hospital were reviewed. Surgical treatment was stratified as GTR or STR + RT. RT was further stratified as PBT or IMRT; PBT was stratified as STR + PBT versus cyst decompression (CD) + PBT. The authors used Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare PFS and overall survival, and chi-square analysis to compare rates for hypopituitarism, vision loss, and hypothalamic obesity (HyOb).

RESULTS
Sixty-three children were included in the analysis; 49% were female. The mean age was 8.16 years (95% CI 7.08–9.27). Twelve of 14 children in the IMRT cohort underwent CD. The 5-year PFS rates were as follows: 73% for GTR (n = 31), 54% for IMRT (n = 14), 100% for STR + PBT (n = 7), and 77% for CD + PBT (n = 11; p = 0.202). The overall survival rates were similar in all groups. Rates of hypopituitarism (96% GTR vs 75% IMRT vs 100% STR + PBT, 50% CD + PBT; p = 0.023) and diabetes insipidus (DI) (90% GTR vs 61% IMRT vs 85% STR + PBT, 20% CD + PBT; p = 0.004) were significantly higher in the GTR group. There was no significant difference in the HyOb or vision loss at the end of study follow-up among the different groups. Within the PBT group, 2 patients presented a progressive vasculopathy with subsequent strokes. One patient experienced a PBT-induced tumor.

CONCLUSIONS
GTR and CD + PBT presented similar rates of 5-year PFS. Hypopituitarism and DI rates were higher with GTR, but the rate of HyOb was similar among different treatment modalities. PBT may reduce the burden of hypopituitarism and DI, although radiation carries a risk of potential serious complications, including progressive vasculopathy and secondary malignancy. Further prospective study comparing neurocognitive outcomes is necessary.
Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors
Authors: Shaheen Faisal Haq 
Published: June 2021

This interdisciplinary research project compares service delivery outcomes to informal settlements in South Asia’s largest urban centres: Dhaka, Karachi and Mumbai. These mega cities have been overwhelmed by increasing demands on limited service delivery capacity as growing clusters of informal settlements, home to significant numbers of informal sector workers, struggle to obtain basic services. In the absence of state supports, some informal settlements engage non‐state actors to obtain services. In order to compare service delivery outcomes through these actors, I used a layered, mixed methods approach guided by an interdisciplinary literature review and policy examination. I drew on semi‐ structured interviews as well as pairs of case studies to measure successful and unsuccessful service delivery outcomes in each of the three mega cities.

Key findings are that chronic disconnections exists in all three countries, where upper tiers of the state persistently fail to create an enabling environment for lower tier state actors and municipal service delivery machinery. The cause of these disconnections is the persistent colonial impression on the bureaucracy, Neoliberal policies and the appropriation of public resources by organized crime and their backers, urban elites. Non‐state actors have facilitated service delivery to informal settlements, resulting in isolated success and improved levels of human development. However, the case studies demonstrate that the success of non‐state actors is attributed to support from lower tier state actors. A complex political economy of upper and lower tier actors, rooted in unresolved land ownership and elite
interests is disabling the capabilities of lower tier state actors to extend services to the urban poor.

The study informs our understanding of the role played by technical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in facilitating representative community‐based organizations (CBOs) engagement of state service delivery providers. The study illustrates the differential attitudes between upper and lower tier state actors towards informal settlements. The study also separates the ‘development industry’ from grass root representatives of informal settlements. The study also affirms the ability of informal settlements to organize, mobilize and engage municipal service delivery providers. The study emphasizes the need to remove constraints that upper tiers of state and society place on informal settlements in order for equitable development and sustainable levels of service delivery to be realized
Основні відмінності та особливості структурного та об’єктно-орієнтованого підходів щодо проєктування інформаційних систем військового призначення
Authors: Беляченко В. , Бобров С. , Утюшев М. , Мулявка А. 
Published: June 2021

Досвід конфліктів за участю збройних сил провідних країн світу свідчить, що без автоматизації процесів управління матеріальними та нематеріальними ресурсами неможливо ефективно забезпечити операції військ (сил).
В статті розглянуто відмінності та особливості, переваги та недоліки двох методологій проєктування інформаційних систем. Застосування методології та заключний вибір методів та засобів проєктування інформаційних систем військового призначення залежить від вимог до системи, рівня іноваційності технологій і складності системи, обсягу та детальності опису об`єкту автоматизації, нормативних та проєктних обмежень, потреб в ітераційному покращенні, необхідності інтеграції із попередніми системами, рівня організаційної та технологічної зрілості організації-замовника, доступності та досвідченості виконавців.
Цінність статті в наданні:
архітекторам системи ‑ критеріїв для полегшення рішення задачі з вибору методології проєктування та інструментів реалізації інформаційної системи;
менеджерам проекту ‑ відомостей про ризики, пов`язані з методологіями;
керівникам функціональних груп розробників ‑ відомостей для підбору спеціалістів, здатних ефективно використати методи та інструменти проектування обрані архітектором системи;
замовникам ‑ кращого розуміння важливості чіткого формулювання вимог до системи і надання первинних даних для моделювання.
В цілому використання матеріалу статті надає можливість всім учасниками проекту оптимізувати ресурси та час на передпроєктну підготовку і покращити ймовірність успішної реалізації цілей проекту.
Аналіз бойового застосування збройних сил Російської Федерації під час стратегічних командно-штабних навчань серії “Захід”
Authors: Павлунько М. , Посмітюх O. , Сергієнко В. , Богатов O. 
Published: June 2021

Проведення масштабних військових операцій є одним із основних інструментів з реалізації зовнішньої політики РФ. Під час проведення стратегічних командно-штабних навчань були апробовані форми і способи застосування видів і родів ЗС РФ в розрізі виконання основних завдань та нових доктринальних документів, що потребує аналізу і вивчення.
Метою статті є проведення аналізу положень СКШН серії “Захід”, виділити спрямованість заходів оперативної і бойової підготовки ЗС РФ і готовності їх до різного роду можливих масштабних військових операцій проти імовірних противників РФ. На основі аналізу СКШН серії “Захід” виділити характерні особливості завдань, принципів та форм і способів застосування видів і родів збройних сил Російської Федерації.
Головною метою СКШН “Захід-2017” була демонстрація сили перед США і НАТО в Європі та відпрацювання сценарію підготовки до широкомасштабної війни з ними на Європейському ТВД на основі нових доктринальних документів. Вирішувались завдання організації та проведення антитерористичної, наступальних і оборонних операцій.
СКШН “Захід-2017” показали здатність і готовність ЗС РФ вирішувати завдання національних інтересів і інтересів партнерів на Західному напрямку. Але, із порівняння сучасних військових потенціалів РФ та США і НАТО, на сьогоднішній день командуванням ЗС РФ поки що розглядаються обмежені варіанти конфліктів та війн із Заходом у рамках окремих регіонів.
Матеріали статті будуть корисні під час розробки КШВГ, КШН, тактичних та тактико-спеціальних навчань. В подальшому є необхідність проаналізувати бойове застосування ЗС РФ за досвідом стратегічних командно-штабних навчань серії “Кавказ”, “Центр”, “Схід”, як головних елементів воєнно-політичної діяльності РФ у воєнно-політичній сфері та підсумкових етапів бойової підготовки її збройних сил – одного із основних інструментів РФ з реалізації її зовнішньої, а за певних обставин, і внутрішньої політики.