bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDIATRICIANS' ROLE IN DAY CARE OF CHILDREN
Authors: Everist Bruce W. , Bloom David , Fink Donald L. , Green Frederick C. , Hass Gerald , James Grace , Martinez Waldo M. , Pisani Albert , Schoen Edgar J. , Sutliff Willis , Wheelock Seymour E. 
Published: December 2021

This statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics on day care services for children points to desirable goals for physicians who are involved in day care programs.
Day care of children refers to the wide variety of arrangements which parents, for various reasons, choose for the care of their children of whatever age. This concept includes such facilities as family day care homes and group care-day care in child development centers, nursery schools, day nurseries, kindergartens, programs planned for hours before and after school and week- days when school is not in session-regardless of name, purpose, or auspices. Good day care provides educational experiences and guidance, health services, and social services as needed by the child and his family. It safeguards children, helps parents to maintain the values of family life, and helps prevent family breakdown.
Pediatricians should understand the implications of day care for children and their families. They should be familiar with quality standards for health and for general day care programs. They should know the potential of day care for promoting health and learning. They should also know the problems of day care and its potential dangers when services are poor in quality. In all cases, the pediatrician is encouraged to assume an active role in day care.
PEDIATRICIANS' CONTRIBUTIONS
Pediatricians can contribute to the experience of children in day care in a number of ways:
1. They may speak up as informed advocates on the quality of day care services in their community.
2. They may comment on day care educational materials, concepts, and programs.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Hughes Gerald E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Gerald E. Hughes comments as follows:
It is apparent that there is a lack of agreement about "the role" that various pharmaceutical manufacturers play at a scientific meeting. If the only role were providing samples and discounts and entertainment to the registrants, it is quite likely that medical organizalions and pharmaceutical manufacturers would have become equally disenchanted and the practice would have withered away. However, medical organizations generally expect scientific meetings to be self-supporting and would not be unhappy to have some margin of profit to support other educational activities.
Letters to the Editor
Authors:   Commitee on Drugs
Published: December 2021

The Committee offers the following comments:
The Committee on Drugs of the American Academy of Pediatrics appreciates the communication from Drs. Livingston, Berman, and Pauli concerning the use of amphetamines in the management of epilepsy. The Committee has carefully considered the two indications which Drs. Livingston et al. have raised in their letter. A thorough search of the medical literature by the Committee has failed to reveal any data documenting the efficacy of amphetamines in counteracting the side effects of usual anticonvulsant agents.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Kane Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Kane commented as follows:
Dr. Browder's letter suggests an interesting explanation for our data. Certainly the working Navajo mother is likely to be more acculturated and thus less "at risk" than her nonworking counterpart. He has correctly suggested an explanation for the relationship between the small number of siblings and a large number of unmarried mothers in the neglect group. However, before one leaps to a causal association, it should be recognized that the neglect cases have fewer instances of no siblings than did the controls.
High-Dosage Intravenous Calcium Therapy for Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia in Anticonvulsant Therapy With Hypomobilization
Authors: Latorre Humberto , Kenny Frederic M. 
Published: December 2021

Approximately 25% of those receiving the anticonvulsants diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital have low serum calcium and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels which may be secondary to hepatic hydroxylase induction and inactivation of principal vitamin D metabolites. We found hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and x-ray evidence of rickets in three children undergoing such therapy. Healing occurred in two patients who were maintained on anticonvulsants during two and four months of therapy with vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus supplement. Thereafter, vitamin D alone maintained the healing. A third patient with spastic quadriplegia, immobilized from infancy, had seizures treated with diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital. At 9 years of age she had osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and spontaneous fracture. Rickets and secondary hyperparathyroidism were characterized by hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated phosphate clearance and low percent tubular reabsorption of phosphorus. Intravenous calcium gluconate (270 mg of elemental calcium/24 hours; total, 15 gm) over several two- to three-week periods resulted in healing of rickets and osteoporosis without deleterious side effects. Intravenous calcium therapy probably suppresses endogenous parathormone and may stimulate thyrocalcitonin. It deserves trial use in juvenile osteoporosis when rapid correction is necessary.
See figure in the PDF file
A HUMOROUS ENGLISH CHILDREN'S POEM OF 1757
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The poem below was included in a little book published in 1757 with the tile Fables in Verse, for the Improvement of the Young and Old. The author is unknown.
THE BALD CAVALIER
WHEN periwigs came first in wear, Their use was to supply And cover the bald pate with hair, To keep it warm and dry.
For this good end, our Cavalier Determined one to buy, Which did so natural appear That it deceived the eye.
But riding out one windy day, Behold! a sudden squall Soon blew his feathered hat away, And periweg and all.
He joined the laugh with noddle bare, And sang in concert tone, ‘How should I save another's hair, Who could not keep my own?’
Moral
To take upon oneself a joke, Good humour shows and wit, Which may a second laugh provoke, And leave the biter bit.1
The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, vol. 27, edited by Ruth S. Eissler, M.D., Anne Freud, L.L.D., D.Sc., M.D., Marianne Kris, M.D., and Albert J. Solnit, M.D. Quadrangle Books, Inc., A New York Times Company, 1973, 770 pp., $12.50
Authors: Aug Robert G. 
Published: December 2021

As most readers probably know, The Psychonanalytic Study of the Child is a series of annual volumes which are collections of original articles written within a psychoanalytic frame of reference. Year after year, these articles are of uniformly high quality, and the current volume (1972) is no exception; however, there is great variation in the usefulness and relevance of these articles for the practicing pediatrician.
The articles in the current volume are grouped into five sections.
Simplified Feeder for Infants With Cleft Palate
Authors: Paradise Jack L. , McWilliams Betty Jane 
Published: December 2021

Standard pediatric texts accord scant attention to feeding problems in infants with cleft palate, dismissing them as mild and easily managed. Quite a different impression, however, is conveyed by retrospective accounts of parents' experience, which characterize the feeding process in such infants as laborious, time consuming, and anxiety provoking, with ingested volume often inadequate. Since actual studies of feeding and weight gain in infants with cleft palate have not been reported, the dimensions and implications of the problem remain uncertain.
When first seen at this Center, most infants under 1 year of age with cleft palate are undergrown. Weight gain has often averaged less than 500 gm monthly during the first few months of life, and histories of difficult feedings—often prolonged to an hour or more in duration—are the rule.
See image in the PDF file
See image in the PDF file
See image in the PDF file
Neonatal Emergencies and Other Problems, by John Black, M.D., F.R.C.P. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1973, 282 pp., $14.45
Authors: Chernick Victor 
Published: December 2021

Although not implicit in the title, this book presents a synopsis of perinatology. The publisher indicates it will be of interest to the house officer, general practitioner and midwife but the author states "the book is intended primarily for those who have the responsibility of the day-to-day care of the newborn infant." The former objective may have been realized but not the latter.
There are twenty-two chapters, beginning with prenatal factors which may influence the newborn infant such as maternal disease, drugs, the infant at risk because of previous abnormal pregnancies, metabolic disorders, and congenital malformations.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Dobbing John 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Littman's letter demonstrates the extent to which I have obviously failed to make myself clear to him (and perhaps to some others); and for this I apologize. I believe that a re-reading of my Commentary will convince him that I am entirely with him in his misgivings.
In particular, (1) I did try to stress my own misgivings about the unreasonable and unscientific extrapolation from rat to man which is prevalent in the literature;
GALEN ON A CRYING AND FUSSY INFANT
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Claudius Galenus, one of the greatest figures in medical history, was born at Pergamos in Asia Minor A.D. 131 and lived to be about 70 years old. He studied medicine at Alexandria, and in 162 settled in Rome, where in 169 he became personal physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Among his voluminous writings, none is superior to his book entitled Hygiene (De Sanitate Tuenda). The quotation below taken from Dr. Robert M. Green's superb translation of Galen's Hygiene will show his practical approach in soothing a crying and fussy infant.
For no animal likes excess of anything, but always wants moderation. But moderation is not the same to all, for all moderation is relative to the individual. Therefore whoever undertakes the bringing up of infants must be able to guess accurately what is moderate and comfortable and provide this before increasing distress throws the body and mind into excess of activity, and if ever the increasing distress escapes his notice, to try to provide immediately the thing desired or to remove the annoyance either by rocking in the arms or by modulation of the voice, which sagacious nurses are accustomed to employ.
Once, when a baby had cried and fussed and tossed all day, and the nurse was completely at a loss, I discovered the cause of the trouble. For when he did not quiet down by having the nipple put in his mouth or by the nurse holding him in case he wanted to move his bowels or urinate, and was not consoled even when by taking him in her arms she tried to make him lie down, I inspected his bed and his coverings and his soiled clothing, and the baby himself dirty and unwashed, and ordered her to wash and wipe him, change his bed, and give him completely clean clothing.
The Guest Speaker Adds Some Thoughts
Authors: Williams Cicely D. 
Published: December 2021

I am greatly honored by your publication of my Blackfan Lecture at Harvard on "Health Services in the Home."1
I also appreciate the notice given to the article by the commentary from Dr. David Nathan.2
Dr. Nathan is certainly entitled to interpret my feelings ("Be off" she states "with your ultrascience") and I am grateful to him for his interpretation. I was rather ashamed of my own moderation. But this was not what I stated.
Misinterpretation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Gram Stain
Authors: Joyner Ronald W. , Idriss Ziad H. , Wilfert Catherine M. 
Published: December 2021

Several causes for false-positive Gram stains of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been recorded previously! We report here an additional cause for misinterpretation of the cerebrospinal fluid Gram stain which is probably related to the use of an open needle to perform the lumbar puncture.
CASE REPORT
The patient was a 1,300-gm black female infant, delivered after a 33-week gestation, who developed mild respiratory distress and hyperbilirubinemia which resolved spontaneously within one week. She received penicillin G and kanamycin for her first five days of life because of apnea and bradycardia, but blood, urine, CSF, and a culture of the tracheal aspirate obtained prior to therapy were all negative for bacteria.
Comments on Linear Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome
Authors: Tripp John H. 
Published: December 2021

Regarding the article by Lovejoy and Boyle (Pediatrics, 52:382, 1973, "Linear Nevus Sebaceous Syndrome," may I draw attention to yet another patient described in 19711 who was seen in London, and also question the inclusion of Lovejoy and Boyle's second patient in this syndrome.
Our patient mentioned above had the triad of diagnostic features associated with the syndrome described by Feuerstein and Mims,2 including linear sebaceous nevus (which however was not in the midline) salaam spasms, and developmental delay, though the latter was only moderate.
Iatrogenic Gangrene of the Buttock in 1950
Authors: McCandless A. E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Hudson and I were interested in the case history of the infant who developed necrosis of the buttock following catheterization of an umbilical artery (Pediatrics, 53:106, 1974).
In January 1950 (Brit. Med.J., 1:233, 1950) we described 20 cases of unilateral sciatic paralysis sometimes accompanied by gangrene of the ipsilateral buttock considered to be due to accidental injection of a respiratory stimulant then in use, cycliton, into the umbilical artery, instead of the umbilical vein.
Leukocyte Lactate Dehydrogenase in Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Powers David W. , Ayoub Elia M. 
Published: December 2021

Powers, D. W., and Ayoub, E. M.: Leukocyte lactate dehydrogenase in bacterial meningitis. Pediatrics, 54:27, 1974.
Figures 3 and 4 were reversed.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Bauer Charles R. , Stern Leo , Colle Eleanor 
Published: December 2021

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr. Holzman's comments. The obstetrical data were not presented because in this small number of cases, no significant preexisting problems were present. One of us (C.R.B.) was present at each delivery and no significant intervention was required beyond bulb suctioning and oxygen.
Two infants were delivered by cesarean section, both in the &lt;16-hour group. These were infants 1 and 2 in Table I; one developed RDS and one did not.
What Test and When?
Authors: Perrin James M. 
Published: December 2021

The recent article by Thorpe and Werner1 provides a helpful review of some aspects of developmental screening tests. A few points might however be expanded upon to aid pediatricians in deciding when to use which inventory with which children.
The inventories are not all applicable to the same age ranges. The Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) has been standardized for the first six years of life, and is often used in pediatric practice in the first three years.2
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Supportive Measures That Affect Survival
Authors: Koop C. Everett , Schnaufer Louise , Broennle A. Michael 
Published: December 2021

The survival of infants with esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula has been analyzed over a 24-year period divided into three eras of five years each depending upon the quality of intensive care available and the most recent nine years' experience.
Early diagnosis and skillful transportation to definitive surgical care are essential. Diagnosis by x-ray with a coiled catheter in the upper esophageal pouch without the use of radiopaque material is beneficially reflected in a decreased incidence of pneumonia and a reduced mortality. The skills of anesthesia carried over into close supervision of respiratory care postoperatively have further increased the salvage rate of these infants.
As surgical technical problems have been overcome, the percentage of deaths due to associated major anomalies and pneumonia and/or sepsis has increased. Invasive techniques for diagnosis, for monitoring, and for treatment do not seem to be responsible for the sepsis.
In the most recent experience with 134 patients over nine years the overall survival was 66%; full-term infants had a 70% survival while the survival rate for prematures was 52%. In full-term infants without pneumonia and without a major associated congenital anomaly, the survival rate was 100% (44 patients).
Clearly the target for improvement in survival is the prevention of and the improvement in treatment of pneumonia and sepsis.
Screening, Screening Programs and the Pediatrician
Authors: Lessler Ken 
Published: December 2021

For a pediatrician to evaluate his position and role in the health care of children, he must have clearly delineated what he means by "health." If, in addition, the pediatrician is to consider his stance with regard to screening, he must specify what he means by "screening," and outline what constitutes a "screening program."
HEALTH
The pediatrician's commitment to child development and the "welfare of children" suggests that he is interested in far more than biological survival or the absence of disease. His relative commitment to the two poles of this conceptual continuum–biological survival vs total human formation and growth–will strongly affect his approach to health screening. With one commitment, he will choose to put money and time into identifying comparatively rare but potentially fatal or crippling conditions; with a different perspective he may advise that resources be devoted to identifying conditions which are much more common but less physically dangerous. With one viewpoint, he will devote energy to identifying and helping children with language delays and other learning, social and emotional problems. With the other viewpoint, he may elect to screen only for heart disease, PKU, sickle cell disease and tuberculosis.
Although the choice may often be pragmatic rather than philosophical, the pediatrician must agree with Richmond and Weinberger that any consideration of the child "must include elements of the entire social milieu in which children develop–the educational system, the social system, the physical and emotional environment itself."1
SCREENING
Such an expanded concept of health requires a definition of screening which is less restrictive than the one recommended to the World Health Organization (quoted by Frankenburg2 in his symposium).
Current Status of Screening Children for Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kunin Calvin M. 
Published: December 2021

There is ample evidence that significant bacteriuria is frequent enough and procedures for mass screening are sufficiently developed to enable this country to mount a large scale program directed to the early detection of urinary tract infections. Information is now available on the epidemiology of bacteriuria, the frequency of associated structural abnormalities and methods to provide effective management. It is also clear that most female children with urinary tract infection generally will have a good prognosis. Few will develop endstage renal failure, but symptomatic infection is commonly associated with considerable morbidity. Unfortunately, it is not as yet possible to predict which child is at high risk of developing serious complications without searching for structural or neurologic abnormalities or by following individual patterns of recurrence. The ultimate impact on health and longevity is unknown even using data from the most structured programs. There is also the danger that mass programs may lead to false hope and eventual disillusionment if they are limited to detect infection and do not provide for further diagnostic, therapeutic and long-term follow-up of patients.
For these reasons, urinary tract infection detection programs must be designed in relation to the realities of the current medical care system, the goals should be clearly defined and the expected result be stated honestly.
AIMS OF THE PROGRAM
There are two major reasons for screening children for urinary tract infection. One is to prevent the considerable morbidity from symptomatic infection and its complications so common in females throughout life. The other is to detect the population (often with anatomical abnormalities) at risk of developing pyelonephritis and subsequent renal damage.
Health Maintenance Profile for Office and Clinic Use
Authors: Lieberman Allan D. , Raynor Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Health maintenance is a major concern for all physicians, but especially the pediatrician.
To provide an organized program of health maintenance within an office or clinic, we have designed a profile which simply and graphically describes what is needed for an infant or child at any age and insures that no element will be forgotten.
The profile encompasses all of the procedures, tests, and immunizations recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and those of interest to us. Extra spaces have been provided for additional procedures or immunizations that may be necessary.
To use the profile, one need only look at the age of the infant or child to determine what is to be done [unknown] and then cross the slash line showing that it was completed [unknown].
The Tuberculin Test
Authors: Sewell Edward M. , O'Hare Donna , Kendig Edwin L. 
Published: December 2021

The tuberculin test is a major diagnostic tool. A positive reaction to the tuberculin test indicates the presence of tuberculous infection, but the degree of activity, if any, or the severity of the disease process cannot be thus determined. There are also other limitations of the test as noted later in this discussion.
A routine tuberculin test should be performed sometime during the first year of life and annually or biennially thereafter. It is, of course, always indicated when there has been known contact with a tuberculous adult. In the latter instance, if the tuberculin reaction is negative, the test should be repeated eight to ten weeks after the removal of the contact. If the child remains in contact with a tuberculous adult, the tuberculin test should be repeated at three-month intervals.
Tuberculin solution, utilized in skin testing, is available in two forms, purified protein derivative (PPD) and old tuberculin (OT) solution.
PPD is the tuberculin solution now recommended because it is a more specific product. It is the protein of the tubercle bacillus obtained from filtrates of heat-killed cultures of tubercle bacilli that have been grown on a synthetic medium and then precipitated either by trichloracetic acid or neutral ammonium sulfate. The latter precipitant is used in the United States. The World Health Organization has designated one large batch of PPD (No. 49608, manufactured by Dr. Florence Seibert in 1939) as the international standard tuberculin (PPD-S).1 PPD is available commercially; it was formerly dispensed in tablet form and dissolved in a measured amount of diluent before use.
Nurses Volunteer Help
Authors: Parker Nancy J. 
Published: December 2021

The Executive Committee of the Department of School Nurses, NEA welcomed "Concepts of School Health Programs" from the AAP1 and felt it was very comprehensive in the broad definition of school health programs. There were a few specific comments which I trust AAP will not object to my sharing in the hopes of providing increased and improved dialogue between our two organizations and disciplines.
First, there appears to be a matter of semantics with the words "primary health care."