bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Ketoconazole 400 mg Single Dose Versus Ketoconazole 200 mg Daily for Five Days in Pityriasis Versicolor
Authors: Jha Harendra Kumar , Dhali Tapan Kumar , Amatya Ritu 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Many treatments have been attempted in pityriasis versicolor with different reports of success. No direct comparative study between Ketoconazole 400 mg single dose against Ketoconazole 200 mg od for 5 days have been made earlier. The aim of this study was to study and compare the therapeutic efficacy of oral ketoconazole 400 mg single dose with oral ketoconazole 200 mg once daily for 5 days in pityriasis versicolor.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized to receive either ketoconazole 400 mg single dose (group A) or ketoconazole 200 mg daily for 5 days (group B). Altogether 80 patients were taken, 40 in each group. Patients were assessed after 8 weeks and both clinical and mycological evaluation was done. The treatment success (mycological cure) was defined by a negative KOH at 8 weeks post treatment. Chi-square test was used to identify the significance of the variables.
Results: The mycological cure at 8 weeks was 46% in group A and 74% in group B and the result was significant. No significant adverse event was noted in any of the groups.
Conclusions: There was significant difference in the treatment outcome in both the groups. Ketoconazole 200 mg daily for 5 days had superior efficacy than ketoconazole 400 mg single dose. There was no significant difference in the adverse events.

Key words: Ketoconazole, Pityriasis versicolor
Knowledge on Pediatric First Aid Management among Mothers with Under Five Children in Bharatpur
Authors: Sekaran N. Dhana , Indhumathi L. , Kharel Anu 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Paediatric emergencies are the leading causes of death in children under five years of age. The toddlers, preschoolers with highest curiosity to explore, investigate and with the ability to run and play are more prone to getting injuries like falls, burns, cuts, bites, stings, poisoning, fracture, chocking, and wounds. Paediatric emergency mostly occur in home, roads and grounds. Hence the mothers are expected to be knowledgeable on paediatric first aid management. The objectives of this research to assess the knowledge on pediatric first aid management, to compare the knowledge on pediatric first aid management and to find out association between the knowledge scores of mothers with under five children with selected demographic variables.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted to assess the knowledge regarding pediatric first aid management among 165 mothers with under five children were selected in pediatric outpatient department of College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital by non probability purposive sampling technique and data was collected by using structured interview questionnaire. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics SPSS software.
Results: Demographic characteristics reveal that highest percentage (61.8 %) of them had one under five children. Comparisons of the knowledge score with demography highest mean and SD in relation to postgraduate shows that (30.2 ± 1.78). The level of knowledge score was (53.9 %) of them had adequate knowledge. However there was significant association between knowledge score with their education, occupation, family income and previous source of information. It revealing that maximum demographic variables do not affected the level of knowledge.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge about pediatric first aid management among mothers was satisfactory. But still the mothers require the need of pediatric first aid health information among mothers to save and safe the children.

Keywords: Knowledge, Pediatric First Aid Management, Mothers with Under Five Children.
Prevalence of High Intensity Zone in Lumbar Spine and its Correlation with Lumbar Disc Degeneration in Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Jha Subash Chandra , Raut Satendra , Gupta Pradip Kumar , Parajuli Surya 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A high intensity zone (HIZ) in intervertebral disc (IVD) of lumbar spine is a high intensity signal located in the annulus fibrosus of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. There is limited information on the prevalence of HIZ in lumbar spine in Nepalese population. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the prevalence of HIZ according to the age and its correlation with degenerated disc, disc herniation & bulge and modic changes.
Methods: This was a prospective MR based study in 268 patients (1380 IVD) with LBP, Leg pain or numbness. The prevalence and correlation of HIZ , degenerated disc, disc herniation and bulge and modic change was evaluated in 5 age groups (<20, 20-39, 40-59, 60-79, >80).
Results: The prevalence of HIZ in patients with LBP was 30.5%. Total 1340 IVD were examined out of which122 had HIZ, 742 had degenerated disc, 688 had disc herniation and bulge and 182 had modic changes. Degenerated disc was observed in 95% (116/122) and 51.3% (626/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively. Disc herniation and bulge were observed in 98.3% (120/122) and 46.6% (568/1218) of the disc with and without HIZ, respectively. Modic changes were observed in 11.4% (14/122) and 13.7% (168/1218) of disc with and without HIZ respectively.
Conclusions: There was statistically significant correlation between existence of HIZ and degenerated discand disc herniation and bulge, but there was no correlation with the existence of modic changes.
Late Quaternary plant macrofossil assemblages from the Besigaon section of the Gokarna Formation, Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal
Authors: Paudyal Khum Narayan , Bhandari Sudarshan , Momohara Arata 
Published: December 2021

Plant macrofossil investigation was carried out on the Late Quaternary sediments of the Kathmandu Valley, central Nepal. The fluvial-deltaic to fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Kathmandu Basin are found to be rich in plant macrofossil assemblages. A total of 66tax.a from 38 families were identified to genus and some of them up to species level from five different macrofossil bearing layers (BG- I Lo BG-5) from the 33 m thick Besigaon section belonging to the Gokarna Formation exposed at the northern part of the basin. The lower half of the exposed section is completely devoid of macrofossil horizons, however the upper half yielded a significant amount which could be used for climatic interpretation. The characteristic feature of the Besigaon section is the dominance of angiosperms in the lower and middle horizons (BG-I, BG-2, BG-3) but gymnosperms in the upper horizons (BG-4, BG-5). The dominance of angiosperms such as Carpinus, Alnus, Pyracantha, Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis, Eurya and Zizyphus suggest the deposition of the lower and middle horizons in warm temperate climatic condition. The humid phase is documented during deposition of the BG-3 and BG-4 horizons with the findings of Selaginella remotifolia and wetland aquatic taxa such Carex, Schoenoplectus, Nymphoides indica. In contrast, the upper horizons dominated by gymnosperms such as Abies, Pinus, Picea smithiana, Tsuga dumosa and Taxus wallichiana represent cold and humid climate. The macrofossils from Besigaon section suggest minor fluctuation in climate from wam1to cold temperate phase with increasing humidity during the Late Pleistocene.
Geology along the Arniko Highway between Barabise and Kodari (China-Nepal Boarder) area, central Himalaya
Authors: Rai Santa Man 
Published: December 2021

The area between Barabise and Kodari in central Nepal along the Arniko Highway is geologically located into Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) and Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) that is separated by the Main Central Thrust (MCT). The HHC consists of amphibolite facies rocks (pelitic schist, psamitic schist, pelitic gneiss and quartzite), while LHS is comprised by green schist to amphibolite facies rocks (phyllite, calcareous phyllite, garnet-mica schist, black schist, quartzite and augen gneiss) in uppermost section and carbonate (dolomite and limestone) with phyllite, and metasandstone in lower section. The MCT in the area is oriented in E-W direction with about 30° dip due north and S-C structure preserved in augen gneiss of LHS characterizes the top-to-south sense of shearing, which could be related to the movement along the MCT. Mineral lineation marked by stretched mica indicates N to NNE direction in both HHC and LHS.
Metamorphism of inverse grade from biotite at stratigraphically lower most section of Kuncha Formation to garnet at the uppermost section having schist and augen gneiss is obvious close to the MCT in the section. However, the Kuncha Formation contains tiny crystals of garnet in the rocks of greenschist facies. Kyanite and sillimanite isograds are developed in pelitic and psamitic schists, and pelitic schists appeared at the basal part of HHC above the MCT. The transformation of garnet to chlorite at the margin and fractures and formation of chlorite within bulk rocks of the MCT zone and HHC are the indicators of traces of retrograde metamorphism because of dropping in pressure-temperature probably related to post deformation event.
Seismic hazard assessment of eastern Nepal using 1934 and 1988 earthquakes
Authors: Chamlagain Deepak , Bhattarai Ganesh Kumar , Rajaure Sudhir 
Published: December 2021

The Himalayan arc is widely considered as one of the hot spots in terms of earthquake disaster. Nepal, which is centrally located in the Himalayan region, has witnessed many medium to large earthquakes in the past, e.g., 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, 19 88 Udayapur earthquake. Because of lack of income resources in rural area, considerable number of population has already migrated to the major urban areas of the country and the trend is still continued. With such population pressure and also economic constrains, major part of population is residing in weak and non-engineered structures of the unplanned urban areas. Consequently, it has put large population at high risk of earthquake disaster. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the seismic hazard so that proper mitigation measures may be adopted for the safeguard of the population, property and infrastructures under risk.
In this contribution, preliminary Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) for eastern Nepal is carried out taking two point sources, i.e. 19 3 4 Bihar -Ne pal and 1988 Udayapur earthquakes. For Bihar-Nepal earthquake Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of 100 gal is computed for southeastern Nepal and exceeds as much as 350 gal near the epicenter. The 1988 Udayapur earthquake having smaller magnitude than 1934 Bihar Nepal earthquake has given maximum 300 gal of PGA. The computed intensities for both earthquakes almost correspond with the observed values. The study, for the first time, provides strong ground motion data at local level and may be useful in designing engineering structures, upgradation of building code and most importantly to formulate policy for earthquake risk management in eastern Nepal.
Back calculation of in-situ rock stresses for a tunnel project in Himachal, India
Authors: Panthi Krishna Kanta 
Published: December 2021

Determination of in-situ stresses in the rock mass is necessary for stability assessment and proper design of underground openings. It is important to know the state of stress surrounding the opening so that right and optimum rock support is assigned as preliminary and permanent rock support. However, the majority of long tunnels with high rock cove r face severe tunnel instability problems related to rock stresses. The headrace tunnel of Parbati II hydroelectric project is one of such tunnels, especially the tunnel segment passing through Manikaran quartzite. It is known fact that the extent and type of stress induced instability vary greatly upon rock type, deformability properties, jointing and inter-bedding characteristics in the rock mass. This paper back calculates the state of stress using Phase 2 finite element model in a TBM bored segment of the tunnel and also briefly reviews mechanical properties of the intact rock that may have direct link on the nature of stress induced instability. It is believed that back calculated stress magnitude may be useful for the stability assessment in other segment of headrace tunnel.
Quality Of Life And Coping In Parents Raising Children With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) In Nepal
Authors: Rana M , Prajapati R , Chaudhari J , Gautam B , Gurung B 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Quality of Life (QoL) and Coping are important components of mental health, especially important to parents raising children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Children with DMD face difficulties due to their disability and create special challenges for parents.
Material And Method: The study aimed to assess QoL, demographic variables and coping strategies of parents raising children with DMD in Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted to collect data from 32 parents (mothers = 15, 47%; fathers =17, 53%) through purposive sampling. Socio-demographic pro-forma, World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and Brief COPE Inventory were assessed.
Results: The results revealed parents scores were below cutoff <60, indicating probable poor quality of life. QOL was moderately positively correlated with coping strategies and highly positively correlated with emotion-focused coping. There were significant differences in psychological health of parents in reference to their occupation, and in reference to their hospital born children. Parents in government job had better psychological health and parents into private business significantly used emotion-focused coping. Mutual caregivers had significantly better psychological health. Parents without health related problems significantly adopted problem focused coping and emotion focused coping.
Conclusion: These findings will help stakeholders to understand DMD children and their impact on QOL and coping of parents and will facilitate to develop appropriate psychosocial intervention programs for the parents for the effective management of their children and their psycho-social wellbeing.
Analysis of Posters for Informing the Population via Social Media during Covid-19: Ukrainian Network
Authors: Shmatkov Daniil , Zagalaz-Sánchez María Luisa , Cachón-Zagalaz Javier 
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study aims to determine the extent to which psycholinguistic variables are included in the analysis of the quality of directive posters on social media during Covid-19.
Methods. The methods used in the study include analysis of the relevant scientific literature on the identification of psycholinguistic categories and variables relevant to the study; expert assessment of qualitative parameters of posters published on Facebook by official organizations; methods of descriptive statistics.
Results. The analysis of 298 unique works conducted through Ukrainian network on Facebook revealed that the overall average quality of the publications is on the borderline between medium and high levels – 69.3% (by text parameters – 70.0%, graphic parameters – 68.6%).
Conclusions. The study revealed that psycholinguistic variables such as readability, imageability, concreteness, conceptual familiarity, semantic size, name agreement, image agreement, visual complexity, typicality, image variability, authenticity of texts, processing fluency, etc. penetrate deeply related research on the creolized texts in various forms and interpretations. The quality of the posters on Facebook made by the official institutions operating in the field of health care is at the borderline between medium and high levels. These indicators are most in need of improvement on text parameters such as “Emphasis” and “Call to action”, as well as on graphical parameters such as “Presence of interactive graphic links” and “Understandability of illustration message without text”.
Особливості нерефлексивних я-текстів студентів-психологів
Authors: Krupelnytska Liudmyla , Kudrina Tetiana , Lyla Mahdalyna 
Published: December 2021

Мета. Метою дослідження є встановлення та аналіз особливостей нерефлексивних Я-текстів студентів-психологів.
Методи. Досліджено 79 студентів-психологів (47 – жіночої та 32 – чоловічої статі, середній вік – 21;9). Авторська методика “Нерефлексивний Я-текст” орієнтована на створення Я-текстів без опори на раціонально-рефлексивні навички. Використано квалітативний та квантитативний аналіз текстів, зокрема, частотний аналіз слів різних частин мови, підрахування індексу логічної звʼязності, психолінгвістичних коефіцієнтів Трейгера, визначеності дії та агресивності, метод контент-аналізу для визначення тематичного та образного наповнення текстів, а також частотний аналіз використання автологічних і металогічних засобів вербалізації образних асоціацій.
Результати. Нерефлексивний Я-текст визначено як текст, створення якого відбувається переважно в редукованій фазі внутрішнього мовлення з вербалізацією Я-концепту за відносно незначною участю рефлексивних процесів. Встановлено спільні та відмінні психолінгвістичні та змістово-психологічні параметри груп студентів-цивільних психологів та студентів-військових психологів, а також чоловічої та жіночої частин груп. Нерефлексивні Я-тексти характеризуються значною варіативністю загальної кількості слів з більшою їх кількістю, а також більшою частотою вживання займенника “Я” та вищим індексом логічної заʼязності у студентів-військових психологів. За допомогою контент-аналізу виокремлено пʼять тематичних блоків: Рефлексивна людина, Людина у розвитку та пошуку; Людина у випробуваннях та психологічних проблемах; Позитивна людина; Соціальна людина, які представлені нерівномірно у групах вибірки. У нерефлексивних Я-текстах студентів-психологів переважають металогічні засоби вираження образних асоціацій, представлені по-різному у тематичних блоках різних груп студентів.
Висновки. Зроблено висновок про більшу психолінгвістичну різноманітність нерефлексивних Я-текстів студентів-цивільних психологів та про психолінгвістичну різнорідність текстів жіночої та чоловічої частин групи студентів-військових психологів, а також про різну представленість тематичних блоків та образних асоціацій в їх межах у групах вибірки та про переважання у нерефлексивних Я-текстах студентів-психологів металогічних засобів вербалізації образних асоціацій над автологічними.
Postlaminectomy lumbopelvic sagittal changes in patients with developmental lumbar spinal stenosis grouped into Roussouly lumbopelvic sagittal profiles: 2- to 10-year prospective follow-up
Authors: Kitab Sameer A. , Wakefield Andrew E. , Benzel Edward C. 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
Roussouly lumbopelvic sagittal profiles are associated with distinct pathologies or distinct natural histories and prognoses. The associations between developmental lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) and native lumbopelvic sagittal profiles are unknown. Moreover, the relative effects of multilevel decompression on lumbar sagittal alignment, geometrical parameters of the pelvis, and compensatory mechanisms for each of the Roussouly subtypes are unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between DLSS and native lumbar lordosis (LL) subtypes. It also attempts to understand the natural history of postlaminectomy lumbopelvic sagittal changes and compensatory mechanisms for each of the Roussouly subtypes and to define the critical lumbar segment or specific lordosis arc that is recruited after relief of the stenosis effect.

METHODS
A total of 418 patients with multilevel DLSS were grouped into various Roussouly subtypes, and lumbopelvic sagittal parameters were prospectively compared at follow-up intervals of preoperative to < 2 years, 2 to < 5 years, and 5 to ≥ 10 years after laminectomy. The variables analyzed included LL, upper lordosis arc from L1 to L4, lower lordosis arc from L4 to S1, and segmental lordosis from L1 to S1. Pelvic parameters included pelvic incidence, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence minus LL values.

RESULTS
Of the 329 patients who were followed up throughout this study, 33.7% had Roussouly type 1 native lordosis, whereas the incidence rates of types 2, 3, and 4 were 33.4%, 21.9%, and 10.9%, respectively. LL was not reduced in any of the Roussouly subtypes after multilevel decompressions. Instead, LL increased by 4.5° (SD 11.9°—from 27.3° [SD 11.5°] to 31.8° [SD 9.8°]) in Roussouly type 1 and by 3.1° (SD 11.6°—from 41.3° [SD 9.5°] to 44.4° [SD = 9.7°]) in Roussouly type 2. The other Roussouly types showed no significant changes. Pelvic tilt decreased significantly—by 2.8°, whereas sacral slope increased significantly—by 2.9° in Roussouly type 1 and by 1.7° in Roussouly type 2. The critical lumbar segment that recruits LL differs between Roussouly subtypes. Increments and changes were sustained until the final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The study findings are important in predicting patient prognosis, LL evolution, and the need for prophylactic or corrective deformity surgery. Multilevel involvement in DLSS and the high prevalence of Roussouly types 1 and 2 suggest that spinal canal dimensions are closely linked to the developmental evolution of LL.
What is the most accurate substitute for an invisible T1 slope in cervical radiographs? A comparative study of a novel method with previously reported substitutes
Authors: Park Brian J. , Gold Colin J. , Woodroffe Royce W. , Yamaguchi Satoshi 
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE
The ability to utilize the T1 slope is often limited by poor visibility on cervical radiographs. The C7 slope has been proposed as a reliable substitute but may have similar limitations of visibility. Herein, the authors propose a novel method that takes advantage of the superior visibility on CT to accurately substitute for the radiographic T1 slope and compare the accuracy of this method with previously reported substitutes.

METHODS
Lateral neutral standing cervical radiographs and cervical CT scans were examined. When the T1 slope was clearly visible on radiographs, the C3–7 slopes and T1 slope were measured. In CT method 1, a direct method, the T1 slope was measured from the upper endplate of T1 to the bottom edge of the CT image, assuming the edge was parallel to the horizontal plane. In CT method 2, an overlaying method, the T1 slope was calculated by superimposing the C7 slope angle measured on a radiograph onto the CT scan and measuring the angle formed by the upper endplate of T1 and the superimposed horizontal line of the C7 slope. A Pearson correlation with linear regression modeling was performed for potential substitutes for the actual T1 slope.

RESULTS
Among 160 patients with available noninstrumented lateral neutral cervical radiographs, the T1 slope was visible in only 54 patients (33.8%). A total of 52 patients met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the T1 slope and the C3–7 slopes, CT method 1, and CT method 2 were 0.243 (p = 0.083), 0.292 (p = 0.035), 0.609 (p < 0.001), 0.806 (p < 0.001), 0.898 (p < 0.001), 0.426 (p = 0.002), and 0.942 (p < 0.001), respectively. Linear regression modeling showed R2 = 0.807 for the correlation between C7 slope and T1 slope and R2 = 0.888 for the correlation between T1 slope with the CT method 2 and actual T1 slope.

CONCLUSIONS
The C7 slope can be a reliable predictor of the T1 slope and is more accurate than more rostral cervical slopes. However, this study disclosed that the novel CT method 2, an overlaying method, was the most reliable estimate of true T1 slope with a greater positive correlation than C7 slope. When CT studies are available in patients with an invisible T1 slope on cervical radiographs, CT method 2 should be used as a substitute for the T1 slope.