bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional networks of superconducting NbSe2 flakes with nearly isotropic large upper critical field
Authors: Takahashi Togo , Ando Chisato , Saito Mitsufumi , Miyata Yasumitsu , Nakanishi Yusuke , Pu Jiang , Takenobu Taishi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIncreasing the upper critical field Hc2 in superconductors is one of the most significant requirements for superconducting applications. Two-dimensional (2D) noncentrosymmetric NbSe2 is a promising candidate because its pair breaking is protected by the spin-momentum locking effect, resulting in a giant in-plane Hc2 (~50 T). However, the strong anisotropy of 2D NbSe2 suppresses the robustness of out-of-plane Hc2 (<5 T). To overcome this issue, we propose a synthetic approach to produce superconducting NbSe2 films with a nearly isotropic large Hc2. Scalable selenization methods are tailored to create 3D superconducting networks in which 2D NbSe2 flakes are vertically aligned to the substrates. The angle-resolved magneto-transports reveal enhanced Hc2 values that exceed 20 T for arbitrary directions under externally applied magnetic fields. The isotropic nature of Hc2 is attributed to the averaging intrinsic anisotropy of NbSe2 through 3D structured films, which was determined by X-ray diffraction measurements. The proposed synthetic approach will provide a new method for creating practical superconductors that are robust against magnetic fields.
The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity
Authors: Taylor Erin B. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The global obesity epidemic is a major contributor to chronic disease and disability in the world today. Since the discovery of leptin in 1994, a multitude of studies have characterized the pathological changes that occur within adipose tissue in the obese state. One significant change is the dysregulation of adipokine production. Adipokines are an indispensable link between metabolism and optimal immune system function; however, their dysregulation in obesity contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation and disease pathology. Herein, I will highlight current knowledge on adipokine structure and physiological function, and focus on the known roles of these factors in the modulation of the immune response. I will also discuss adipokines in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
Brain angiotensin system: a new promise in the management of epilepsy?
Authors: Ramos Alberto Javier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological disease and anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are almost the unique clinical treatment option. A disbalanced brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed in epilepsy and several reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor-1 (ATR1) activation is pro-inflammatory and pro-epileptogenic. In agreement, ATR1 blockage with the repurposed drug losartan has shown benefits in animal models of epilepsy. Processing of Ang II by ACE2 enzyme renders Ang-(1-7), a metabolite that activates the mitochondrial assembly (Mas) receptor (MasR) pathway. MasR activation presents beneficial effects, facilitating vasodilatation, increasing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses. In a recent paper published in Clinical Science, Gomes and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 2263–2277) performed intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of Ang-(1-7) in animals subjected to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, starting after the first spontaneous motor seizure (SMS). They showed that this approach reduced the frequency of SMS, restored animal anxiety, increased exploration, and augmented the hippocampal expression of protective catalase enzyme and antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Interestingly, but surprisingly, Gomes and colleagues showed that MasR expression and mTor activity were reduced in the hippocampus of the epileptic Ang-(1-7) treated animals. These results show that Ang-(1-7) administration could represent a new avenue for developing strategies for the management of epilepsy in clinical settings. However, future work is necessary to evaluate the levels of RAS metabolites and the activity of key enzymes in these experimental interventions to completely understand the therapeutic potential of the brain RAS manipulation in epilepsy.
Retraction notice to: ‘Assembly of efficient Ag/n-Si/Cu2CdSnS4/Au 5 for photovoltaic cell utilities’
Authors: El Saeedy Halemah I. , Yakout Hanan A. , Mahmoud Mona , Abdelaal Said A. , El Sayed Mardia T. 
Published: March 2021

Refers to RETRACTED: Assembly of efficient Ag/n-Si/Cu2CdSnS4/ Au for photovoltaic cell utilities, Halemah I. El Saeedy, Hanan A. Yakout, Mona Mahmoud, Said A. Abdelaal, and Mardia T. El Sayed, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 92, 30302 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200207. published online 17 December 2020
At the request of the Authors, the following article has been retracted.
The following article has been retracted. Shortly after publication, the Editorial Board of EPJ Applied Physics received comments from a specialist in electron microscopy and analysis. He pointed out that the paper presented severe errors dealing with the microanalysis spectrum presented in one of the figures. As a conclusion, the presented EDS spectrum could not correspond to the studied sample. After careful consideration, the Editorial Board of EPJ Applied Physics asked for the retraction of this paper, due to the fundamental nature of the mistakes in the data and analysis of EDS spectrum, upon which the conclusion of the paper was incorrectly found.
The Authors accept this decision and request the retraction of the paper.
Konversion eines alloplastischen Shunts in einen Hybridshunt
Authors: Krönung Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKomplexe autologe Shuntrevisionen erfordern präoperativ eine regionale, topografisch kontinuierliche Darstellung der beteiligten venösen, gelegentlich auch der arteriellen Gefäße, d. h. eine angiografische Landkarte. Die Duplexuntersuchung mit diskontinuierlichen Einzelbildern kann die angiografisch kontinuierliche Information meist nicht gleichwertig ersetzen.
Bestimmung der GFR: messen oder schätzen?
Authors: Schork Anja 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) kann als Clearance von Substanzen, die glomerulär filtriert, jedoch tubulär möglichst wenig sezerniert oder rückresorbiert werden (z. B. Kreatinin (endogen) bzw. Inulin, Iohexol, Iothalamat (exogen)), anhand der Konzentration im Serum und im Sammelurin gemessen werden. Alternativ kann die GFR anhand der Serumkonzentrationen von verabreichten Filtrationsmarkern in zeitlich versetzten Blutabnahmen oder im Rahmen von bildgebenden Verfahren gemessen werden. Klassische endogene Biomarker zur Einschätzung der Nierenfunktion im Serum sind Kreatinin, Harnstoff (der helfen kann, das Urämierisiko einzuschätzen), und Cystatin C, das weniger von der Muskelmasse abhängig, jedoch teurer zu bestimmen ist als Kreatinin. Zunehmend genauere Formeln zur Schätzung der Clearance bzw. der GFR aus der Serumkonzentration von Kreatinin oder Cystatin C wurden entwickelt: 1976 die Formel nach Cockcroft und Gault, 1999 die MDRD-Formel bzw. 2006 die vereinfachte MDRD-Formel und zuletzt 2009 die CKD-EPI-Formeln.
Homöopathie in der Augenheilkunde – mehr als Euphrasia officinalis
Authors: Hildebrandt Jörg 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungMein Ziel ist es, zu einer Integrativen Medizin besonders in der Augenheilkunde zu ermutigen. In dieser Fallserie beschreibe ich 4 Patienten mit Erkrankungen aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Augenheilkunde und unterschiedliche homöopathische Zugänge. Eine pragmatische Therapie zeigt hervorragende Ergebnisse, wenn die Umstände Homöopathie erfordern, aber die klassische Anamnese und Repertorisation nicht immer zulassen. Klinische Homöopathie, bewährte Indikationen, Typologie, Repertorisation, Materia-medica-Wissen, neue Arzneiprüfungen und neue homöopathische Methoden wie die Elemententheorie oder die Empfindungsmethode etc. sind alle von großer Wichtigkeit, um unser Ziel des § 1 des Organons zu erreichen: kranke Menschen gesund zu machen, was man Heilung nennt.
Klinische Ernährung im Kontext der Onkologie
Authors: Ferschke Melanie 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEine gute supportive Ernährungstherapie in der Onkologie basiert auf Standards und festen Abläufen im klinischen Alltag. Dazu gehören effizient eingesetzte und aufeinander aufbauende Screenings und Assessments. Das Wissen um Möglichkeiten der künstlichen Ernährung ist gerade in der Onkologie unverzichtbar, so z. B. über die Eskalationsstufen der Ernährung. Zudem bedarf es eines Standardrepertoires an Nahrungen mit festen Kriterien zur Auswahl.
Measurement of intragastric pressure: an objective method to ascertain whether gastric wall extension is sufficient for assessment of the non-extension sign
Authors: Imamura Kentaro , Machii Motoko , Yao Kenshi , Sou Suketo , Nagahama Takashi , Yao Tsuneyoshi , Kanemitsu Takao , Miyaoka Masaki , Ohtsu Kensei , Ueki Toshiharu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims The optimal intragastric pressure (IP) for strong gastric wall extension is unclear. We aimed to develop an accurate method to measure IP using endoscopy and determine the pressure required for strong gastric wall extension.
Methods An in vitro experiment using an endoscope with a rubber attached at its tip was conducted. The process of inserting the pressure measurement probe into the forceps channel was skipped, and the tube of the pressure measurement device was directly connected to the forceps channel. In vivo, the pressure in 51 consecutive patients at the time of strong gastric wall extension was measured. Strong extension of the gastric wall was defined as when the folds in the greater curvature were flattened as a result of sufficient extension of the gastric wall by insufflated air during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The IP at that time was measured.
Results In vitro, 20 mL of tap water was injected once into the forceps channel and then aspirated for 10 seconds. Pressure measurement after irrigation of the forceps channel as well as the measurement by inserting the probe procedure were accurately performed. In vivo, among the 51 included patients, the mean IP (range) was 14.7 mmHg (10–23). Strong extension of the gastric wall was obtained in 96.1 % of patients when the IP was 20 mmHg.
Conclusions We developed an accurate method to measure IP using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Strong extension of the gastric wall was obtained in almost all patients when the IP was 20 mmHg.
Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine Type 1 and Congenital Ataxia due to a Single Amino Acid Deletion (ΔF1502) in CACNA1A: A Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Albamonte Emilio , Barp Andrea , Duga Valentina , Carraro Elena , Passarini Alice , Bergamoni Stefania , Maggi Lorenzo , Sansone Valeria Ada 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMutations in the CACNA1A gene have been classically related to three neurologic disorders: hemiplegic migraine type 1 (both familiar and sporadic FHM1/SHM1), episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2), and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). More recently, pathogenic variants in CACNA1A have been recognized as causative of an early-onset cerebellar syndrome consistent with the definition of congenital ataxia (CA), variably associated with paroxysmal symptoms. Early recognition of congenital ataxia is challenging because the presenting symptoms, such as hypotonia, weak deep tendon reflexes, and delayed motor milestones, are unspecific while clear signs of a cerebellar syndrome which are usually not seen before the second or third year. Here, we report on a case of nonepisodic ataxia of congenital onset and severe SHM1 where the diagnosis of congenital ataxia was made retrospectively after the identification of the ΔF1502 pathogenic variant in CACNA1A by an hemiplegic migraine multigene panel, conducted for the onset of hemiplegic migraine attacks associated with hemispheric swelling. A significant reduction in migraine attacks frequency was achieved with acetazolamide.
MNE responses to carbon pricing regulations: Theory and evidence
Authors: Nippa Michael , Patnaik Sanjay , Taussig Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper develops theory suggesting that, relative to purely domestic firms, multinational enterprises (MNE) have greater incentives and strategic and operational means to respond to expanding carbon emissions constraints. We test our resulting hypotheses with data on changes in carbon emissions by over 6,000 industrial plants during Phase 2 (2008–2012) of the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme. We find that MNE maintain: (1) consistent carbon reductions across institutional contexts, and (2) an overall carbon performance edge over domestic firms. The carbon performance gap between MNEs and domestic firms narrowed, however, in host countries transitioning towards more stringent market regulatory systems. By demonstrating that the effects of national and international carbon regulations on firm behavior interact in important ways with each other and with firm characteristics, this paper deepens understanding of how institutions are likely to shape the ongoing energy transition towards a low-carbon economy.
Magnetic tweezers with magnetic flux density feedback control
Authors: Moghram Waddah I. , Kruger Anton , Sander Edward A. , Selby John C. 
Published: March 2021

In this work, we present a single-pole magnetic tweezers (MT) device designed for integration with substrate deformation tracking microscopy and/or traction force microscopy experiments intended to explore extracellular matrix rheology and human epidermal keratinocyte mechanobiology. Assembled from commercially available off-the-shelf electronics hardware and software, the MT device is amenable to replication in the basic biology laboratory. In contrast to conventional solenoid current-controlled MT devices, operation of this instrument is based on real-time feedback control of the magnetic flux density emanating from the blunt end of the needle core using a cascade control scheme and a digital proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. Algorithms that compensate for a spatially non-uniform remnant magnetization of the needle core that develops during actuation are implemented into the feedback control scheme. Through optimization of PID gain scheduling, the MT device exhibits magnetization and demagnetization response times of less than 100 ms without overshoot over a wide range of magnetic flux density setpoints. Compared to current-based control, magnetic flux density-based control allows for more accurate and precise magnetic actuation forces by compensating for temperature increases within the needle core due to heat generated by the applied solenoid currents. Near field calibrations validate the ability of the MT device to actuate 4.5 μm-diameter superparamagnetic beads with forces up to 25 nN with maximum relative uncertainties of ±30% for beads positioned between 2.5 and 40 µm from the needle tip.
The new single crystal dispersion interferometer installed on KSTAR and its first measurement
Authors: Lee Dong-Geun , Lee K. C. , Juhn J.-W. , Lee Jae-seok , Ghim Y.-c. 
Published: March 2021

Dispersion interferometers have been used to measure line integrated electron densities from many fusion devices. To optically suppress noise due to mechanical vibrations, a conventional dispersion interferometer typically uses two nonlinear crystals located before and after the plasma along the laser beam path. Due to the long beam path, it can be difficult to overlap the fundamental and second harmonic laser beams for a heterodyne dispersion interferometer and to focus the beams on the second nonlinear crystal located after the plasma, especially when the aperture of the nonlinear crystal is small, i.e., of the order of mm. To overcome such difficulties, a new concept of a heterodyne dispersion interferometer, a single crystal dispersion interferometer (SCDI), is developed and installed on KSTAR with the laser wavelength of 1064 nm. The concept and the optical setup of the KSTAR SCDI are discussed, as well as its first measurement during a shattered pellet injection that produces abrupt and large changes in the electron density. To demonstrate feasibility, the KSTAR SCDI measurements are also compared with those from the existing two-color interferometer.
Plasma ammonia synthesis over mesoporous silica SBA-15
Authors: Gorky Fnu , Guthrie Shelby R , Smoljan Courtney S , Crawford James M , Carreon Moises A , Carreon Maria L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the synthesis of ammonia via atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma discharge over silica. We evaluated the performance of three structural different silicas: non-porous silica, fumed-silica and mesoporous SBA-15 silica. The mesoporous SBA-15 sample resulted in an ammonia synthesis rate per gram of catalyst at least three times higher than that of the non-porous and fumed silica when employing a hydrogen rich gas feed. The hierarchical ordered pore size in the mesoporous range of SBA-15 allowed us to observe experimentally, the pore size effect in the plasma discharge. Specifically, the ammonia production is enhanced by the presence of mesopores that can effectively enable the discharge diffusion into the pore as predicted by theoretical calculations. The importance of the porous structure was confirmed by optical emission spectra which indicates a similarity on the relative intensity on the main plasma activated species in the gas phase such as N2
+, NH and

H
α

for the three silicas employed in this work i.e. non-porous, fumed and mesoporous (SBA-15). However, the remarkable ammonia production when employing the SBA-15 shows that despite the similarities in the gas phase the main differences might be attributed to the diffusion of the plasma discharge into the pores.
VS2 nanosheet as a promising candidate of recycle and reuse NO2 gas sensor and capturer: a DFT study
Authors: Zhao Rumeng , Wang Tianxing , An Yipeng , Dai Xianqi , Xia Congxin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We describe the utilization of VS2 nanosheet as high sensing response, reuse, and thermodynamic stability at room temperature NO2 and NO gas sensors by using the density functional theory method. We focus on the electronic structures and adsorption energy toward a variety of gaseous molecules (such as O2, CO, H2O, NH3, NO, and NO2) adsorbed on the VS2 nanosheet. The results show that chemical interactions existed between NO/NO2 molecules and VS2 nanosheet due to sizable adsorption energy and strong covalent (S–N) bonds. In particular, the adsorption energies, charge transfer and electronic properties between NO2 adsorbed system is significantly changed compared with the other gas molecules (CO, NO, H2O, NH3, and O2) adsorbed systems under biaxial strains, which is effective to achieve the capture or reversible release of NO2 for cycling capability. Our analysis indicates that VS2 nanosheet is promising as electrical devices candidate for NO2 high-performance gas sensor or capturer.
Analytic description of spin waves in dipolar/octupolar pyrochlore magnets
Authors: Assi I A , Curnoe S H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We derive analytic forms for spin waves in pyrochlore magnets with dipolar-octupolar interactions, such as Nd2Zr2O7. We obtain full knowledge of the diagonalized magnonic Hamiltonian within the linear spin wave approximation. We also consider the effect of a ‘breathing mode’ as a perturbation of this system. The breathing mode lifts the degeneracy of the upper band of the spin wave dispersion along the direction X → W in k-space.
Probing hole spin transport of disorder quantum dots via Pauli spin-blockade in standard silicon transistors
Authors: Hillier Joseph , Ono Keiji , Ibukuro Kouta , Liu Fayong , Li Zuo , Husain Khaled Muhammad , Nicholas Rutt Harvey , Tomita Isao , Tsuchiya Yoshishige , Ishibashi Koji , Saito Shinichi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Single hole transport and spin detection is achievable in standard p-type silicon transistors owing to the strong orbital quantization of disorder based quantum dots. Through the use of the well acting as a pseudo-gate, we discover the formation of a double-quantum dot system exhibiting Pauli spin-blockade and investigate the magnetic field dependence of the leakage current. This enables attributes that are key to hole spin state control to be determined, where we calculate a tunnel coupling t

c
of 57 μeV and a short spin−orbit length l
SO of 250 nm. The demonstrated strong spin−orbit interaction at the interface when using disorder based quantum dots supports electric-field mediated control. These results provide further motivation that a readily scalable platform such as industry standard silicon technology can be used to investigate interactions which are useful for quantum information processing.
Adapting a solar photovoltaic panel experiment for blind students
Authors: Hahn Marcelo , Cruz Frederico , Carvalho P Simeão , Ferreira Vanessa , Marques Filipe , Macieira Cláudio 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Renewable energy is a trending topic due to its importance in today’s society especially because of global warming. Because of its importance, this topic should be discussed at schools in an inclusive education environment. Experimental work is a very good activity to provide students effective conceptual discussions, but it is necessary to improve the teaching–learning process for an inclusive education paradigm. In this paper we propose a low-cost experimental activity using Arduino that allows regular students and blind students to explore together and understand features and properties about solar energy and a photovoltaic panel, such as how the electric power generated by the photocell depends on the angle of incidence of solar light and the load resistance of the circuit.
A cost-effective quantum eraser demonstration
Authors: Khandelwal Aarushi , Tan Jit Bin Joseph , Leong Tze Kwang , Yang Yarong , Venkatesan T , Jani Hariom 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The quantum eraser is a variation of the celebrated Young’s interference experiment that can be used to demonstrate the elusive complementarity principle in quantum physics. Here we show the construction of its classical analogue for deployment in classrooms in a simple, cost-effective yet robust manner by employing a laser pointer, double-slits, and polarizers.
Continuous variable multimode quantum states via symmetric group velocity matching
Authors: Roman-Rodriguez V , Brecht B , K Srinivasan , Silberhorn C , Treps N , Diamanti E , Parigi V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Configurable and scalable continuous variable (CV) quantum networks for measurement-based quantum information protocols or multipartite quantum communication schemes can be obtained via parametric down conversion (PDC) in non-linear waveguides. In this work, we exploit symmetric group velocity matching (SGVM) to engineer the properties of the squeezed modes of the PDC. We identify type II PDC in a single waveguide as the best suited process, since multiple modes with non-negligible amount of squeezing can be obtained. We explore, for the first time, the waveguide dimensions, usually only set to ensure single-mode guiding, as an additional design parameter ensuring indistinguishability of the signal and idler fields. We investigate here potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), which offers SGVM at telecommunications wavelengths, but our approach can be applied to any non-linear material and pump wavelength. This work paves the way toward the engineering of future large-scale quantum networks in the CV regime.