bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ninety‐day mortality and clinical outcomes of patients with solid tumours and COVID‐19 infection during the first pandemic outbreak in Catalonia, Spain: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Tapia Jose Carlos , Gavira Javier , López Assumpció , Llobera Laia , Pallise Ona , Marsal Irene , Cochs Alba , Ponce Oscar J. , Riudavets Mariona , Gich Ignasi , Barnadas Agusti , Majem Margarita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo describe the clinical outcomes and risk factors for 90‐day mortality in patients with solid tumours (ST) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during the first outbreak in Catalonia. This is a multicentre retrospective study including adults with ST and COVID‐19 confirmed by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction between 13 March and 30 April 2020. Clinical and survival data were collected. Follow‐up ended on 30 July 2020. Multivariate and survival analysis were performed. A hundred and fifteen patients were included. In all, 42.6% had advanced disease and were receiving anticancer treatment; 7% were admitted to the ICU and 22.6% died during hospitalisation. Thirty‐day mortality was 27.8%, which increased to 33.9% at 90 days. Ninety‐day mortality was associated with current smoker status (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.91, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.03‐8.33, P = .044), baseline ECOG‐PS 2 to 3 (HR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.77‐8.46, P < .001]), dyspnoea (HR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.31‐6.96, P = .009), a respiratory rate ≥ 24 (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.02‐4.92, P = .046) and sepsis (HR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.78‐8.88, P < .001). Of the 76 survivors, 73.6% had a follow‐up visit. Of those, 33.9% had their cancer controlled and 23.2% had progressed. Thirty‐five survivors were receiving anticancer treatment before COVID‐19 diagnosis though 14 had to discontinue the treatment. Eight survivors without previous anticancer therapy started therapy. The median time to start anticancer therapy after COVID‐19 was 45 days (interquartile range: 28‐61). In conclusion, 90‐day mortality in patients with ST and COVID‐19 was 33.9%; current smoker status, poor ECOG‐PS, dyspnoea, respiratory rate ≥24 and sepsis were independent risk factors for mortality; and survivors did not restart their anticancer treatment until 1.5 months after COVID‐19 diagnosis.
Favorable response to pembrolizumab in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Takeda Hiroki , Matsumoto Ryuji , Takakuwa Emi , Hori Kanta , Moriguchi Takuya , Yamada Shuhei , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Osawa Takahiro , Abe Takashige , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionGranulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is rare, with a poor prognosis. Advanced urothelial carcinoma is currently treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, whose efficacy for granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma remains unclear.Case presentationA 66‐year‐old male diagnosed with clinical stage T3N1M0 urothelial carcinoma of the right ureter with giant hydronephrosis underwent right radical nephroureterectomy. Local recurrence, leukocytosis, and elevated serum granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor levels were observed approximately 3 months after surgery. Chemotherapy was started but failed to control the disease. Therefore, pembrolizumab was chosen as the second‐line treatment. After this treatment, the blood leukocyte count rapidly normalized, and a clinically favorable response was achieved. There was no recurrence 10 months after the beginning of pembrolizumab treatment, which is still ongoing.ConclusionPembrolizumab may be a treatment option for advanced granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
Remote experiential education: A silver lining from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gallegos Patrick J. , Hoffmaster Brian S. , Howard Meredith L. , Lancaster Jason W. , Pluckrose Dawn , Smith Brooke A. , Tallian Kimberly , Van Matre Edward T. , Scott James D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis commentary addresses key differences between remote and on‐site experiential education, including necessary resources and rotation structure. Health care education during the COVID‐19 pandemic was primarily delivered electronically. Student‐based resources such as computers/laptops, stable internet connections, and privacy (physical space and electronic security) became essential for student learning, testing, and provision of patient care. When student resources were limited, educational programs had to adapt to help students in need. Preceptors were required to restructure experiential rotations to provide learning experiences while keeping up with increased clinical‐related workloads. Students had increased projects and papers and decreased face‐to‐face time with patients and professionals. Many community pharmacies were able to educate students on‐site, whereas ambulatory care–based sites generally pivoted to telehealth‐based interactions. Although telehealth appeared useful, rollout was difficult because of differences in technology, accessibility, and capability. Inpatient‐based training proved most difficult and often had to be halted for patient and student safety. Many schools also used unique non–patient care electives to fill experiential gaps and keep students on target for graduation. Delivery of experiential education had a different set of challenges from didactic education. Creative examples to address these challenges included roving tablets with Zoom sessions during rounds, artificial or de‐identified cases, and hybrid clinical/dispensing rotations, though most experiences were canceled or restricted by exclusion of patients with COVID‐19 patients. Overall, pharmacy education continued. However, many of the methods for training with partly or entirely remote approaches were novel and may become integrated into the “new normal.” The face of the world has changed, and pharmacy education must change with it.
How do pharmacists select antimicrobials? A model of pharmacists' therapeutic reasoning processes
Authors: Gruenberg Katherine , Abdoler Emily , O'Brien Bridget C. , Schwartz Brian S. , MacDougall Conan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractINTRODUCTIONClinicians engage in clinical reasoning, comprised of both diagnostic and therapeutic components, when caring for patients. While diagnostic reasoning has been extensively investigated, relatively few studies have examined how clinicians make treatment decisions. Recent work has explored how physicians engage in therapeutic reasoning while selecting antimicrobials. However, understanding pharmacists' antimicrobial reasoning is equally important due to their role in ensuring appropriate antimicrobial use. Therefore, we aimed to further our understanding of antimicrobial reasoning in pharmacists and compare their reasoning processes to physicians.METHODSWith a postpositivist orientation and using a general qualitative approach, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with hospital‐based pharmacists specializing in infectious diseases or other hospital‐based specialties. Participants narrated their thought processes while selecting antimicrobials for three case vignettes. We analyzed transcripts iteratively using a code book from a prior study of antimicrobial reasoning in physicians as a sensitizing framework.RESULTSParticipants included 11 pharmacists (5 infectious diseases and 6 noninfectious diseases pharmacists). Overall, participants' responses reflected a three‐step reasoning process: Naming the Syndrome, Delineating Pathogens, and Selecting the Antimicrobial. Patient‐, syndrome‐, and system‐based factors interacted with drug characteristics to influence the selection of specific antimicrobial regimens.CONCLUSIONWe identified a framework for pharmacists' antimicrobial therapeutic reasoning similar to physicians' reasoning, with some nuances that may be attributable to the pharmacists' role in medication review and antimicrobial stewardship. Application of this framework has the potential to aid in teaching, improve multidisciplinary care, and provide a framework for interprofessional communication.
Exploring shifts in resident recruitment during COVID‐19: Initial perceptions from residents, preceptors, and residency program directors
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , Sasser Caroline Welles , Morbitzer Kathryn A. , Eckel Stephen F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic significantly impacted pharmacy care and organizational practices. Residency program directors, students, and residents were required to adapt to these challenging environments to minimize the impact on learning, well‐being, and clinical care. There is limited research on organizational changes related to pharmacy resident recruitment, interviewing, and selection processes.ObjectiveTo explore how resident recruitment practices changed to accommodate the pandemic from learner and educator reflections.MethodsIn May 2021, attendees of the virtual Research in Education and Practice Symposium were invited to a one‐hour networking session that included individual reflections before small group discussions about recruitment process modifications in the past year. Participants submitted reflections in an electronic survey and anonymous responses were coded using thematic analysis in this exploratory, qualitative study. Reflection prompts asked about the changes made during the 2020 to 2021 recruitment cycle, what worked, what could be improved, and what should be retained.ResultsForty‐seven participants (33 residents, 5 preceptors, and 9 residency program directors) submitted complete reflections during the session. The most common change discussed was the transition to virtual interviews, recruitment events, and online national conferences. Participants highlighted benefits and challenges during the modifications. Benefits included less stressful experiences, more cost‐effective practices, and more access to potential candidates. Challenges included a continuing lack of personal contact and technical issues with virtual environments. Participants reflected that future recruitment cycles should include hybrid experiences using both virtual and in‐person opportunities and to continue virtual connection opportunities through social media, online forums, and virtual tours.ConclusionResident recruitment practices changed during the pandemic and mostly included a transition to online and virtual interactions. Programs often reported positive experiences with these modifications and supported more hybrid‐based experiences in the future to accommodate more candidates.
Taking the Monte‐Carlo gamble: How not to buckle under the pressure!
Authors: Gomez Yessica K. , Natale Andrew M. , Lincoff James , Wolgemuth Charles W. , Rosenberg John M. , Grabe Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConsistent buckling distortions of a large membrane patch (200 × 200 Å) are observed during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the Monte‐Carlo (MC) barostat in combination with a hard Lennard–Jones (LJ) cutoff. The buckling behavior is independent of both the simulation engine and the force field but requires the MC barostat‐hard LJ cutoff combination. Similar simulations of a smaller patch (90 × 90 Å) do not show buckling, but do show a small, systematic reduction in the surface area accompanied by ~1 Å thickening suggestive of compression. We show that a mismatch in the way potentials and forces are handled in the dynamical equations versus the MC barostat results in a compressive load on the membrane. Moreover, a straightforward application of elasticity theory reveals that a minimal compression of the linear dimensions of the membrane, inversely proportional to the edge length, is required for buckling, explaining this differential behavior. We recommend always using LJ force or potential‐switching when the MC barostat is employed to avoid undesirable membrane deformations.
Association Between Baseline Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Death Among Patients Tested for COVID‐19
Authors: Thomas Sarah A. , Puskarich Michael , Pulia Michael S. , Meltzer Andrew C. , Camargo Carlos A. , Courtney D. Mark , Nordenholz Kristen E. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Kabrhel Christopher 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs may modify risk associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Therefore, we assessed whether baseline therapy with ACEIs or ARBs was associated with lower mortality, respiratory failure (noninvasive ventilation or intubation), and renal failure (new renal replacement therapy) in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients. This retrospective registry‐based observational cohort study used data from a national database of emergency department patients tested for SARS‐CoV‐2. Symptomatic emergency department patients were accrued from January to October 2020, across 197 hospitals in the United States. Multivariable analysis using logistic regression evaluated end points among SARS‐CoV‐2–positive cases, focusing on ACEIs/ARBs and adjusting for covariates. Model performance was evaluated using the c statistic for discrimination and Cox plotting for calibration. A total of 13 859 (99.9%) patients had known mortality status, of whom 2045 (14.8%) died. Respiratory failure occurred in 2485/13 880 (17.9%) and renal failure in 548/13 813 (4.0%) patients with available data. ACEI/ARB status was associated with a 25% decrease in mortality odds (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95%CI, 0.59‐0.94; P = .011; c = .82). ACEIs/ARBs were not significantly associated with respiratory failure (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.78‐1.06; P = .206) or renal failure (OR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.55‐1.04; P = .083). Adjusting for covariates, baseline ACEI/ARB was associated with 25% lower mortality in SARS‐CoV‐2–positive patients. The potential mechanism for ACEI/ARB mortality modification requires further exploration.
Shear bond strengths of two newly marketed self‐adhesive resin cements to different substrates: A light and scanning electron microscopy evaluation
Authors: Atalay Cansu , Koc Vural Uzay , Miletic Ivana , Gurgan Sevil 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strengths (SBSs) of two newly marketed self‐adhesive resin cements (RCs) to enamel, dentin, and lithium disilicate (LiSi) glass ceramic block. Forty‐eight enamel and 48 dentin substrates were obtained from sound human molars. Additionally, 6 × 7 × 5 ‐mm‐ sized 24 specimens were produced from LiSi glass ceramic blocks. The tooth specimens were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 12) according to the surface treatments: (1) G‐CEM ONE (GCO), (2) G‐CEM ONE Adhesive Enhancing Primer (GCO‐AEP) + GCO, (3) RelyX Universal (RXU), and (4) Scotchbond Universal Plus (SUP) + RXU. LiSi specimens were randomly divided into two groups (n = 12): (1) G‐MultiPrimer (GMP) + GCO and (2) SUP + RXU. Following the RC applications, all specimens were kept in 100% humidity at 37°C for 24 hr and then submitted for SBS testing in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Data were analyzed by Welch's, one‐way analysis of variance and two independent samples t tests. The nature of failures was examined under a light microscope, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were also performed for interfaces. GCO and RXU showed similar SBS to enamel (p > .05), and the use of adhesives resulted in improved SBS (p < .05). No difference was detected between GCO‐AEP + GCO and SUP + RXU. The GCO‐AEP + GCO exhibited the highest SBS to dentin (p < .05), followed by GCO ≥ SUP + RXU > RXU (p < .05). There was no significant difference between SBSs of two RCs to LiSi blocks (p > .05). No cohesive failure was determined for the tested groups by light microscope. The use of adhesives prior to the application of self‐adhesive RCs improved their bonding to tooth tissues. GCO demonstrated superior SBS to dentin, whereas both self‐adhesive RCs generated similar SBS to enamel and LiSi glass ceramic surfaces.
Novel fluoroquinolones containing 2‐arylamino‐2‐oxoethyl fragment: Design, synthesis, evaluation of antibacterial and antituberculosis activities and molecular modeling studies
Authors: Kulabaş Necla , Türe Aslı , Bozdeveci Arif , Krishna Vagolu Siva , Alpay Karaoğlu Şengül , Sriram Dharmarajan , Küçükgüzel İlkay 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel substituted fluoroquinolone derivatives, compounds 6–20 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antituberculosis and antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activities of the compounds were determined and compound 14 was found to be the most potent antimicrobial agent owing to minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of <1.16 μg/μl for all tested bacteria. Further, compounds were tested in vitro for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Most of the compounds showed antimycobacterial effects with 1.56–25.00 μg/ml MIC values. Compounds 14 and 18 were found to be the most active derivatives due to their MIC at 1.56 μg/ml. Selected compounds 11, 14, 17, and 18 were tested for M. tuberculosis DNA supercoiling assay and they had IC50 values within a range of 6.35–15 μM. Mechanism of binding to DNA gyrase enzymes was evaluated using in silico molecular modeling studies and it was shown that compounds 6–20 adopt a similar binding mode as already known for fluoroquinolone drugs.
The effect of tracer contact on return to care among adult, “lost to follow‐up” patients living with HIV in Zambia: an instrumental variable analysis
Authors: Beres Laura K. , Mody Aaloke , Sikombe Kombatende , Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Schwartz Sheree , Eshun‐Wilson Ingrid , Somwe Paul , Simbeza Sandra , Pry Jake M. , Kaumba Paul , McGready John , Holmes Charles B. , Bolton‐Moore Carolyn , Sikazwe Izukanji , Denison Julie A. , Geng Elvin H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionTracing patients lost to follow‐up (LTFU) from HIV care is widely practiced, yet we have little knowledge of its causal effect on care engagement. In a prospective, Zambian cohort, we examined the effect of tracing on return to care within 2 years of LTFU.MethodsWe traced a stratified, random sample of LTFU patients who had received HIV care between August 2013 and July 2015. LTFU was defined as a gap of >90 days from last scheduled appointment in the routine electronic medical record. Extracting 2 years of follow‐up visit data through 2017, we identified patients who returned. Using random selection for tracing as an instrumental variable (IV), we used conditional two‐stage least squares regression to estimate the local average treatment effect of tracer contact on return. We examined the observational association between tracer contact and return among patient sub‐groups self‐confirmed as disengaged from care.ResultsOf the 24,164 LTFU patients enumerated, 4380 were randomly selected for tracing and 1158 were contacted by a tracer within a median of 14.8 months post‐loss. IV analysis found that patients contacted by a tracer because they were randomized to tracing were no more likely to return than those not contacted (adjusted risk difference [aRD]: 3%, 95% CI: –2%, 8%, p = 0.23). Observational data showed that among contacted, disengaged patients, the rate of return was higher in the week following tracer contact (IR 5.74, 95% CI: 3.78–8.71) than in the 2 weeks to 1‐month post‐contact (IR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.40–3.72). There was a greater effect of tracing among patients lost for >6 months compared to those contacted within 3 months of loss.ConclusionsOverall, tracer contact did not causally increase LTFU patient return to HIV care, demonstrating the limited impact of tracing in this program, where contact occurred months after patients were LTFU. However, observational data suggest that tracing may speed return among some LTFU patients genuinely out‐of‐care. Further studies may improve tracing effectiveness by examining the mechanisms underlying the impact of tracing on return to care, the effect of tracing at different times‐since‐loss and using more accurate identification of patients who are truly disengaged to target tracing.
The Anti‐Depressive Effects of Ultra‐High Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Lv Yue , Fan Yixiang , Tian Xiaofei , Yu Biao , Song Chao , Feng Chuanlin , Zhang Lei , Ji Xinmiao , Zablotskii Vitalii , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundUltra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has obvious advantages in acquiring high‐resolution images. 7 T MRI has been clinically approved and 21.1 T MRI has also been tested on rodents.PurposeTo examine the effects of ultra‐high field on mice behavior and neuron activity.Study TypeProspective, animal model.Animal ModelNinety‐eight healthy C57BL/6 mice and 18 depression model mice.Field Strength11.1–33.0 T SMF (static magnetic field) for 1 hour and 7 T for 8 hours. Gradients were not on and no imaging sequence was used.AssessmentOpen field test, elevated plus maze, three‐chambered social test, Morris water maze, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, blood routine, biochemistry examinations, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescent assay.Statistical TestsThe normality of the data was assessed by Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by Student's t test or the Mann–Whitney U test for statistical significance. The statistical cut‐off line is P < 0.05.ResultsCompared to the sham group, healthy C57/6 mice spent more time in the center area (35.12 ± 4.034, increased by 47.19%) in open field test and improved novel index (0.6201 ± 0.02522, increased by 16.76%) in three‐chambered social test a few weeks after 1 hour 11.1–33.0 T SMF exposure. 7 T SMF exposure for 8 hours alleviated the depression state of depression mice, including less immobile time in tail suspension test (58.32% reduction) and higher sucrose preference (increased by 8.80%). Brain tissue analysis shows that 11.1–33.0 T and 7 T SMFs can increase oxytocin by 164.65% and 36.03%, respectively. Moreover, the c‐Fos level in hippocampus region was increased by 14.79%.Data Conclusion11.1–33.0 T SMFs exposure for 1 hour or 7 T SMF exposure for 8 hours did not have detrimental effects on healthy or depressed mice. Instead, these ultra‐high field SMFs have anti‐depressive potentials.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccines in older adults
Authors: Bag Soytas Rabia , Cengiz Mahir , Islamoglu Mehmet S. , Borku Uysal Betul , Yavuzer Serap , Yavuzer Hakan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of the senescence of the immune system, antibody response to the COVID‐19 vaccines may differ from older to younger adults. The study aim compares the titers of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody of patients ≥60 years who received three doses of CoronaVac vaccine and those who received two doses of CoronaVac+1 dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech after 1 month of the last vaccination. Patients ≥60 years who received the CoronaVac vaccine between March 1, 2021, and April 30, 2021, who did not have COVID‐19 disease before the first dose of vaccination and were negative for COVID‐19 antibodies, whose antibodies were tested before the third dose of vaccination, and who did not have any COVID‐19 disease during the follow‐up were included. The demographic characteristics and comorbidities of patients were recorded. An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) fast test and a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Abbott) were used to measure SARS‐CoV‐2 quantitative antibody levels at the first month after the third‐dose vaccine. Totally 81 patients, 41 patients in third dose of the CoronaVac group (female:male 18:23, mean age 69.4 ± 8.5), and 40 patients in third dose of the Pfizer‐BioNTech group (female:male 15:25, mean age 69.9 ± 9.1) were included. The patients' comorbidities in the groups were similar. The titers of IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 measured according to both IFA and Abbott Kit at first month the third dose vaccination was significantly higher in the Pfizer‐BioNTech group (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.012, respectively). The results report that the formed immunity in the first month after the two doses of CoronaVac+1 dose Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine was higher than three doses of CoronaVac vaccine in older adults.