bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal noise in electro-optic devices at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Mobassem Sonia , Lambert Nicholas J , Rueda Alfredo , Fink Johannes M , Leuchs Gerd , Schwefel Harald G L 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The quantum bits (qubits) on which superconducting quantum computers are based have energy scales corresponding to photons with GHz frequencies. The energy of photons in the gigahertz domain is too low to allow transmission through the noisy room-temperature environment, where the signal would be lost in thermal noise. Optical photons, on the other hand, have much higher energies, and signals can be detected using highly efficient single-photon detectors. Transduction from microwave to optical frequencies is therefore a potential enabling technology for quantum devices. However, in such a device the optical pump can be a source of thermal noise and thus degrade the fidelity; the similarity of input microwave state to the output optical state. In order to investigate the magnitude of this effect we model the sub-Kelvin thermal behavior of an electro-optic transducer based on a lithium niobate whispering gallery mode resonator. We find that there is an optimum power level for a continuous pump, whilst pulsed operation of the pump increases the fidelity of the conversion.
Combining Longitudinal Data From Different Cohorts to Examine the Life-Course Trajectory
Authors: Hughes Rachael A , Tilling Kate , Lawlor Deborah A 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLongitudinal data are necessary to reveal changes within an individual as he or she ages. However, rarely will a single cohort study capture data throughout a person’s entire life span. Here we describe in detail the steps needed to develop life-course trajectories from cohort studies that cover different and overlapping periods of life. Such independent studies are probably from heterogenous populations, which raises several challenges, including: 1) data harmonization (deriving new harmonized variables from differently measured variables by identifying common elements across all studies); 2) systematically missing data (variables not measured are missing for all participants in a cohort); and 3) model selection with differing age ranges and measurement schedules. We illustrate how to overcome these challenges using an example which examines the associations of parental education, sex, and race/ethnicity with children’s weight trajectories. Data were obtained from 5 prospective cohort studies (carried out in Belarus and 4 regions of the United Kingdom) spanning data collected from birth to early adulthood during differing calendar periods (1936–1964, 1972–1979, 1990–2012, 1996–2016, and 2007–2015). Key strengths of our approach include modeling of trajectories over wide age ranges, sharing of information across studies, and direct comparison of the same parts of the life course in different geographical regions and time periods. We also introduce a novel approach of imputing individual-level covariates of a multilevel model with a nonlinear growth trajectory and interactions.
Genetic and gene expression analysis of flowering time regulation by light quality in lentil
Authors: Yuan Hai Ying , Caron Carolyn T , Ramsay Larissa , Fratini Richard , de la Vega Marcelino Pérez , Vandenberg Albert , Weller James L , Bett Kirstin E 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Flowering time is important due to its roles in plant adaptation to different environments and subsequent formation of crop yield. Changes in light quality affect a range of developmental processes including flowering time, but little is known about light quality-induced flowering time control in lentil. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis for differences in flowering response to light quality in lentil.

Methods
We explored variation in flowering time caused by changes in red/far-red-related light quality environments of a lentil interspecific recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from a cross between Lens culinaris cv. Lupa and L. orientalis accession BGE 016880. A genetic linkage map was constructed and then used for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flowering time regulation under different light quality environments. Differential gene expression analysis through transcriptomic study and RT-qPCR were used to identify potential candidate genes.

Key Results
QTL mapping located 13 QTLs controlling flower time under different light quality environments, with phenotypic variance explained ranging from 1.7 to 62.9 %. Transcriptomic profiling and gene expression analysis for both parents of this interspecific RIL population identified flowering-related genes showing environment–specific differential expression (flowering DEGs). One of these, a member of the florigen gene family FTa1 (LcFTa1), was located close to three major QTLs. Furthermore, gene expression results suggested that two other florigen genes (LcFTb1 and LcFTb2), MADS-box transcription factors such as LcAGL6/13d, LcSVPb, LcSOC1b and LcFULb, as well as bHLH transcription factor LcPIF6 and Gibberellin 20 oxidase LcGA20oxC,G may also be involved in the light quality response.

Conclusions
Our results show that a major component of flowering time sensitivity to light quality is tightly linked to LcFTa1 and associated with changes in its expression. This work provides a foundation for crop improvement of lentil with better adaptation to variable light environments.
Directed Brain Connectivity Identifies Widespread Functional Network Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mijalkov Mite , Volpe Giovanni , Pereira Joana B 
Published: June 2021

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by topological abnormalities in large-scale functional brain networks, which are commonly analyzed using undirected correlations in the activation signals between brain regions. This approach assumes simultaneous activation of brain regions, despite previous evidence showing that brain activation entails causality, with signals being typically generated in one region and then propagated to other ones. To address this limitation, here, we developed a new method to assess whole-brain directed functional connectivity in participants with PD and healthy controls using antisymmetric delayed correlations, which capture better this underlying causality. Our results show that whole-brain directed connectivity, computed on functional magnetic resonance imaging data, identifies widespread differences in the functional networks of PD participants compared with controls, in contrast to undirected methods. These differences are characterized by increased global efficiency, clustering, and transitivity combined with lower modularity. Moreover, directed connectivity patterns in the precuneus, thalamus, and cerebellum were associated with motor, executive, and memory deficits in PD participants. Altogether, these findings suggest that directional brain connectivity is more sensitive to functional network differences occurring in PD compared with standard methods, opening new opportunities for brain connectivity analysis and development of new markers to track PD progression.
Cardiovascular outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nørgaard Caroline H , Starkopf Liis , Gerds Thomas A , Vestergaard Peter , Bonde Anders N , Fosbøl Emil , Køber Lars , Wong Nathan D , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Lee Christina J-Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
We examined cardiovascular outcomes associated with initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) vs. sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) treatment in a real-world setting among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and results
This Danish nationwide registry-based cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes with a first-ever prescription of either GLP-1RA or SGLT-2i from 2013 through 2015 with follow-up until end of 2018. All analyses were standardized with respect to age, sex, diabetes duration, comorbidity, and comedication. The main outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Furthermore, the components of the composite outcome and hospitalization for heart failure were evaluated. Standardized average 3-year risks of outcomes and differences thereof were estimated using doubly robust estimation combining cause-specific Cox regression with propensity score regression. We identified 8913 new users of GLP-1RA and 5275 new users of SGLT-2i. The standardized 3-year risk associated with initiating GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i, respectively, was as follows: composite cardiovascular outcome, 5.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.2–6.1] vs. 5.6% (95% CI: 4.8–6.3); cardiovascular mortality, 1.6% (95% CI: 1.3–1.9) vs. 1.5% (95% CI: 1.1–1.8); hospitalization for heart failure, 1.7% (95% CI: 1.5–2.0) vs. 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2–2.5); myocardial infarction, 2.1% (95% CI: 1.8–2.4) vs. 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5–2.6); and stroke, 2.5% (95% CI: 2.2–2.9) vs. 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2–3.1).

Conclusion
In this nationwide study of patients with type 2 diabetes, initiating GLP-1RA vs. SGLT-2i was not found to be associated with significant differences in cardiovascular risk.
Modernization Losers’ Revenge? Income Mobility and Support for Right- and Left-Wing Populist Parties in Germany
Authors: Hartmann Jörg , Kurz Karin , Lengfeld Holger 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Against the backdrop of rising support for right- and left-wing populist parties in Europe, a long-standing argument has been that the more vulnerable strata of society are deprived by structural economic change as well as increasing social inequality and express their grievances by voting for radical and populist parties. Previous research has tested the thesis either based on cross-sectional data and vague proxies for past income developments or used objective short-term measures of income changes. In this study, we propose a more thorough test using longitudinal data and measures of objective relative deprivation, objective absolute deprivation, and subjective deprivation. Using SOEP data for 2016, our results show little support that those with lower incomes identify more with the populist right-wing AfD in Germany. Furthermore, we find no evidence that objectively falling behind is associated with more support for the AfD and the populist left-wing party die Linke among the less well off. Rather, support for the AfD is highest among the less well-off with stable incomes and the less well-off who perceive their incomes as having been unstable. For die Linke, support is highest among the less well-off who experienced absolute income gains and the less well-off who perceive their incomes as having been upwardly or downwardly mobile.
Intergenerational Class Mobility of Labour Market Entrants in Germany and the UK since the 1950s
Authors: Trinh Nhat An , Bukodi Erzsébet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study examines over-time trends in intergenerational class mobility based on cohorts of labour market entrants in Germany and the UK since the 1950s. We calculate absolute and relative mobility rates, separately for men and women, using the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984–2016), the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2016), and the UK Labour Force Survey (2014–2017). Regarding absolute mobility, we find marked country differences in upward and downward rates. In Germany, downward mobility decreased, while upward mobility rose. In the UK, downward mobility increased, while upward mobility declined. We provide evidence that these differences can be linked to contrasting changes in the distribution of origin and destination classes. Regarding relative mobility, striking country similarities appear. For both countries, we observe increases in social fluidity for respondents entering the labour market during the 1950s and 1960s that cease to continue for cohorts thereafter. Comparisons between adjacent cohorts do not provide evidence that social fluidity follows cyclical developments of the economy or shorter-term volatilities in the labour market.
Immersive and Interactive Awe: Evoking Awe via Presence in Virtual Reality and Online Videos to Prompt Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Kahn Adam S , Cargile Aaron Castelán 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAwe is a widely researched, self-transcendent emotion with a robust ability to prompt prosocial behavior. Within the communication and media disciplines, however, the effects of awe have received only limited empirical attention. Moreover, extant research has ignored the role that media affordances may play in engendering awe and prosocial outcomes. This article presents two studies that explore the prosocial consequences of awe, as mediated by presence and when engendered by immersive features of various media, including virtual reality (VR). Study 1 (N = 154) found that awe content presented in highly immersive VR induced awe via an effect entirely mediated by presence, though impacts on subsequent prosocial outcomes were inconsistent. Study 2 (N = 188) attempted to replicate and clarify the prosociality results from Study 1, as well as contextualize them with respect to eudaimonic appreciation and hedonic enjoyment. Results demonstrated awe effects across all three measures of prosociality.
UHRF1 regulates alternative splicing by interacting with splicing factors and U snRNAs in a H3R2me involved manner
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhang Lan , Xiao Yao , Li Wei , Hu Zhiqiang , Zhang Rukui , Li Jin , Wu Feizhen , Xi Yanping , Zou Qingping , Wang Zhentian , Guo Rui , Ma Honghui , Dong Shihua , Xiao Min , Yang Zhicong , Ren Xiaoguang , Wei Chaochun , Yu Wenqiang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The well-established functions of UHRF1 converge to DNA biological processes, as exemplified by DNA methylation maintenance and DNA damage repair during cell cycles. However, the potential effect of UHRF1 on RNA metabolism is largely unexplored. Here, we revealed that UHRF1 serves as a novel alternative RNA splicing regulator. The protein interactome of UHRF1 identified various splicing factors. Among them, SF3B3 could interact with UHRF1 directly and participate in UHRF1-regulated alternative splicing events. Furthermore, we interrogated the RNA interactome of UHRF1, and surprisingly, we identified U snRNAs, the canonical spliceosome components, in the purified UHRF1 complex. Unexpectedly, we found H3R2 methylation status determines the binding preference of U snRNAs, especially U2 snRNAs. The involvement of U snRNAs in UHRF1-containing complex and their binding preference to specific chromatin configuration imply a finely orchestrated mechanism at play. Our results provided the resources and pinpointed the molecular basis of UHRF1-mediated alternative RNA splicing, which will help us better our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of UHRF1 in disease development.
Leveraging Short-Read Sequencing to Explore the Genomics of Sepiolid Squid
Authors: Heath-Heckman Elizabeth , Nishiguchi Michele K 
Published: June 2021

Synopsis
Due to their large size (∼3–5 Gb) and high repetitive content, the study of cephalopod genomes has historically been problematic. However, with the recent sequencing of several cephalopod genomes, including the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes), whole-genome studies of these molluscs are now possible. Of particular interest are the sepiolid or bobtail squids, many of which develop photophores in which bioluminescent bacterial symbionts reside. The variable presence of the symbiosis throughout the family allows us to determine regions of the genome that are under selection in symbiotic lineages, potentially providing a mechanism for identifying genes instrumental in the evolution of these mutualistic associations. To this end, we have used high-throughput sequencing to generate sequence from five bobtail squid genomes, four of which maintain symbioses with luminescent bacteria (E. hyllebergi, E. albatrossae, E. scolopes, and Rondeletiola minor), and one of which does not (Sepietta neglecta). When we performed K-mer based heterozygosity and genome size estimations, we found that the Euprymna genus has a higher predicted genome size than other bobtail squid (∼5 Gb as compared to ∼4 Gb) and lower genomic heterozygosity. When we analyzed the repetitive content of the genomes, we found that genomes in the genus Euprymna appear to have recently acquired a significant quantity of LINE elements that are not found in its sister genus Rondeletiola or the closely related Sepietta. Using Abyss-2.0 and then Chromosomer with the published E. scolopes genome as a reference, we generated E. hyllebergi and E. albatrossae genomes of 1.54–1.57 Gb in size, but containing over 78–81% of eukaryotic single-copy othologs. The data that we have generated will enable future whole-genome comparisons between these species to determine gene and regulatory content that differs between symbiotic and non-symbiotic lineages, as well as genes associated with symbiosis that are under selection.
A plea for proportionality: A reply to Yun-chien Chang and Xin Dai
Authors: Peters Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
After a survey of the proportionality principle and its discontents (irrationality, conceptual flaws, and bias), this article addresses the dual remedy proposed by proportionality critics, which consists in: (i) skipping the first to third prongs of the proportionality analysis (legitimate objective, suitability, and necessity) and (2) concentrating on balancing in the metric form of a cost-benefit analysis. I argue that discarding the three prongs, and thus abandoning the asymmetrical structure of the sequential proportionality analysis, would kill off the specific quality and function of rights which is to constitute a special protection that triggers the obligation to explain and justify interference. Although recent empirical studies have demonstrated that the proportionality test indeed does not deliver predictable legal outcomes, a simple cost-benefit analysis is worse. It would not secure more reliable outcomes either but only offers a sham-rationality. Assigning numbers to the goods and interests at stake cannot replace the work of a multidimensional assessment and argumentative explanation in natural language which is needed for making not only a sound, but also a transparent and thus contestable, decision. What legal life needs is a culture of justification, not a culture of calculation.
Patient-related factors associated with oral anticoagulation control: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Beyene Kebede , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Näslund Patricia , Harrison Jeff 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Time in therapeutic range (TTR) of ≥70% is a commonly used indicator of optimal anticoagulation control. This study aimed to determine the patterns and predictors of anticoagulation control in a population-based cohort of new users of warfarin.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. All adults (age ≥18 years) who had been newly initiated on warfarin therapy between January 2006 and March 2011were selected from administrative health databases. TTR was calculated using the Rosendaal method. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify patient-related factors associated with optimal TTR. Predictors of patients spending &gt;30% of time above and below the therapeutic international normalised ratio (INR) range were also examined.

Key findings
A total of 6032 patients were included in this study. The mean TTR was 54.1 ± 18.8%, and 82.3% of patients had subthreshold TTR (&lt;70%). Compared with New Zealand Europeans, Māori and Pacific people had decreased odds of achieving optimal TTR and increased odds of spending &gt;30% of time below the therapeutic INR range. Patients aged 65–74 years and 75 years or older had increased odds of achieving optimal TTR but decreased odds of spending &gt;30% of time below the therapeutic INR range than those &lt;65 years. Compared with those living in the least socioeconomically deprived areas, those living in the most deprived areas had decreased odds of achieving optimal TTR.

Conclusions
Anticoagulation control with warfarin is suboptimal in routine care in New Zealand. Age, ethnicity and deprivation index were significant predictors of TTR. It is important to ensure equitable access to appropriate, high-quality care for those living in deprived areas and those from ethnic minority groups.
Appropriateness of antibiotic selection for pneumonia in the emergency department: pre- and post-order set changes
Authors: Wang Helen Y , Treu Cierra N , Cocca Maggie , Felton Darius , Gatton Barbara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Emergency department (ED) providers face pressure to meet sepsis mandates such as prompt administration of antibiotic therapy, which can lead to the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. In recent years, there has also been a push to adhere to institutional antibiotic stewardship goals including decreasing inappropriate antibiotic therapy and limiting duration of therapy. Previous literature has demonstrated that the incorporation of clinical decision support (CDS) tools in electronic medical records can aid in guiding appropriate antibiotic prescribing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether the implementation of a CDS tool could improve antibiotic selection for pneumonia management in the ED.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-centre observational study conducted in patients that presented to the ED with pneumonia. In November 2018, a CDS tool was incorporated into the ED sepsis order set to guide practitioners in selecting appropriate antibiotics for pneumonia. Antibiotic prescribing patterns were assessed pre-CDS (January–February 2018) and post-CDS (January–February 2019) implementation. Patients were included if they were 18 years of age or older, had an ED visit with ICD10 code reflective of pneumonia, and had at least one antibiotic ordered from the ED sepsis order set. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients prescribed appropriate antibiotic therapy for pneumonia based on patient risk factors pre- and post-CDS implementation.

Key findings
There were 161 patients in the pre-CDS group and 119 patients in the post-CDS group included in the study. There was a significant improvement in the selection of appropriate antibiotics in the post-CDS group (31.9% versus 65.3%, P &lt; 0.0001) with no significant differences in duration of antibiotics, intubation rates, vasopressor initiation, length of stay, mortality or 30-day readmission.

Conclusion
The implementation of a CDS tool for empiric management of pneumonia in the ED significantly improved the selection of appropriate antibiotics.
Intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk in browning of white adipose tissue: molecular mechanism and therapeutic complications
Authors: Cheong Lai Yee , Xu Aimin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is highly plastic and heterogeneous in response to environmental and nutritional changes. The development of heat-dissipating beige adipocytes in white AT (WAT) through a process known as browning (or beiging) has garnered much attention as a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity and its related metabolic complications. This is due to its inducibility in response to thermogenic stimulation and its association with improved metabolic health. WAT consists of adipocytes, nerves, vascular endothelial cells, various types of immune cells, adipocyte progenitor cells, and fibroblasts. These cells contribute to the formation of beige adipocytes through the release of protein factors that significantly influence browning capacity. In addition, inter-organ crosstalk is also important for beige adipocyte biogenesis. Here, we summarize recent findings on fat depot-specific differences, secretory factors participating in intercellular and inter-organ communications that regulate the recruitment of thermogenic beige adipocytes, as well as challenges in targeting beige adipocytes as a potential anti-obese therapy.