bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How a pregnant woman’s relationships with her siblings relate to her mental health: a prenatal allocare perspective
Authors: Fox Molly , Wiley Kyle S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In cooperatively breeding species, individuals may promote their inclusive fitness through allomothering. Humans exhibit some features of cooperative breeding, and previous studies have focused on allomothering by grandparents and juvenile siblings in the postnatal period. We hypothesize that a pregnant woman’s relationships with her siblings (offspring’s maternal aunts and uncles) are beneficial for maternal affect in ways that can enhance the siblings’ inclusive fitness. Maternal affect during pregnancy is a salient target of allocare given the detrimental effects of antepartum mood disorders on birth and infant outcomes.

Methodology
We test our hypotheses in a cohort of pregnant Latina women in Southern California (N = 201). Predictor variables of interest include number of siblings a participant has, if she has sisters, frequency of seeing siblings, and frequency of communication with siblings. Outcome variables measuring maternal affect include depression, state anxiety, pregnancy-related anxiety and perceived stress.

Results
Having at least one sister and greater frequency of communication with siblings were associated with fewer depressive symptoms during pregnancy. No significant associations were found between sibling variables and other measures of affect.

Conclusion and implications
Results suggest that how frequently you communicate with, and not how often you see, siblings could be protective against risk of antepartum depression. Sibling allomothering could impart effects through social–emotional support rather than instrumental support, as a strategy to benefit the prenatal environment in which future nieces and nephews develop. Allomothering may be particularly important in cultural contexts that value family relationships. Future studies should investigate other communities.
Measuring Hand Sensory Function and Force Control in Older Adults: Are Current Hand Assessment Tools Enough?
Authors: Logue Rachel N , Goldenkoff Elana R , Vesia Michael , Brown Susan H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The ability to grasp and manipulate objects is essential for performing activities of daily living. However, there is limited information regarding age-related behavioral differences in hand sensorimotor function due, in part, to the lack of assessment tools capable of measuring subtle but important differences in hand function. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate performance differences in submaximal force control and tactile pattern recognition in healthy older adults using 2 custom-designed sensorimotor assessment tools.

Methods
Sensorimotor function was assessed in 13 healthy older adults (mean age 72.2 ± 5.5 years, range: 65–84 years) and 13 young adults (mean age 20 ± 1.4 years, range: 19–23 years). Clinical assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), monofilament testing, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and Grooved Pegboard Test. Sensorimotor assessments included submaximal (5, 20% MVC) grip force step-tracking and tactile pattern recognition tasks.

Results
Clinical assessments revealed no or minimal group differences in MVC, monofilament thresholds, and MoCA. However, sensorimotor assessments showed that older adults took longer to discriminate tactile patterns and had poorer accuracy than young adults. Older adults also produced submaximal forces less smoothly than young adults at the 20% force level while greater variability in force maintenance was seen at 5% but not 20% MVC.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the ability to integrate higher-order tactile information and control low grip forces is impaired in older adults despite no differences in grip strength or cognition. These findings underscore the need for more sensitive evaluation methods that focus on sensorimotor ability reflective of daily activities.
Housing Unit Type and Perceived Social Isolation Among Senior Housing Community Residents
Authors: Carbone Jason T , Clift Jennifer , Wyllie Tom , Smyth Amy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSocial isolation, and its associated health implications, is an important issue for older adults in the United States. To date, there has been limited study of the pathways that connect these 2 factors. The present study expands on previous models by linking factors related to the built environment—in the form of housing unit type—to perceived social isolation among those living independently in dedicated senior housing.Research Design and MethodsThe causal inference technique of inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment was employed to assess the impact of living in a townhome-style unit, as opposed to in an apartment building, on self-reported perceived social isolation (N = 1,160).ResultsIndividuals who lived in townhome-style housing reported a 10.4% lower probability of experiencing social isolation as a result of living in a townhome-style unit as opposed to an apartment building-style unit.Discussion and ImplicationsThe findings provide evidence for the conceptual model that characteristics specific to a given housing unit type may create conditions that exacerbate or buffer individuals from experiencing social isolation. This, in turn, has important implications for the targeting of interventions for social isolation. Policy considerations related to the type of affordable senior housing being built should also be informed by these findings. Additionally, future research should better explicate the role of housing unit type on mental and emotional health outcomes.
Risk factors for acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease following lung cancer resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Xiaohu , Hao Jianqi , Chen Cong , Peng Haoning , Zhang Jian , Cao Qi , Liu Lunxu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) following lung cancer resection.

METHODS
We performed a literature screening on the databases including PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE® and the Web of Science for related studies published up to January 2021. Eligible studies were included and data on risk factors related to postoperative AE were extracted. All analyses were performed with random-effect model.

RESULTS
A total of 12 studies of 2655 lung cancer patients with ILD were included in this article. The meta-analysis indicated that male [odds ratios (ORs) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–3.11, P = 0.041], usually interstitial pneumonia pattern on CT (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06–2.17, P = 0.021), Krebs von den Lungen-6 [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.06–0.94, P = 0.027], white blood cell (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.12–0.93, P = 0.010), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.04–0.90, P = 0.032), partial pressure of oxygen (weighted mean difference = −3.09, 95% CI: −5.99 to −0.19, P = 0.037), surgery procedure (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.42–3.77, P &lt; 0.001) and operation time (weighted mean difference = 28.26, 95% CI: 1.13–55.39, P = 0.041) were risk factors for AE of ILD following lung cancer resection.

CONCLUSIONS
We found that males, usually interstitial pneumonia pattern on CT, higher levels of Krebs von den Lungen-6, lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cell, lower partial pressure of oxygen, greater scope of operation and longer operation time were risk factors for AE of ILD following lung cancer resection. Patients with these risk factors should be more prudently selected for surgical treatment and be monitored more carefully after surgery.
Left ventricular assist device insertion and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in same admission for an end-stage heart failure patient
Authors: Wong Max K H , Ho Cally K L , Fan Katherine Y Y , Au Timmy W K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Patients suffering from end-stage heart failure also suffer from multiple cardiovascular comorbidities such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Mechanical support with left ventricular assist device with open repair of AAA repair has rarely been reported in literature. The authors describe a 60-year-old male with end-stage heart failure and a symptomatic AAA with sequential left ventricular assist device insertion and open AAA repair with aortic cross-clamping.
Accepting the future as ever-changing: professionals’ sensemaking about artificial intelligence
Authors: Goto Masashi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article examines how professionals leading the digitalization of professional service firms construct their views on new digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the influence of such technologies on their future. This understudied question is important because such early-stage envisioning can significantly affect the later processes and outcomes of digitalization. A qualitative study was conducted, using interview and archival data, on a Big Four audit firm in Japan during the period 2017–9, when its taskforce considered applying AI to its core audit service. The contribution of this study is threefold. First, the findings expand our knowledge of prospective sensemaking by introducing a distinct mode of viewing the future that accepts the future as ever-changing as a means of coping with high uncertainty. Second, this study demonstrates the understudied link between institutions and sensemaking by showing how professionals’ embeddedness in their professional institution sets the focus of their sensemaking on the elements that support the institution. Third, these insights add to our knowledge of digitalization and professions by suggesting the potential high variability of professionals’ strategies regarding digitalization due to their continuous updating of their view of the future, as well as the inherent antinomy of digitalization for established professions due to their advantaged but constrained position regarding digitalization.
Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma arising from an inguinal hernioplasty scar
Authors: Vaz-Pereira Ricardo , Moreira Herculano , Monteiro Ana , Melo Ana , Leal Clara , Vieira Bruno , Freitas Francisca , Marques Carolina , Pinto-de-Sousa João 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) is a rare neoplasm. It is believed that antigenic stimulation and chronic inflammation can be the basis of pathogenesis. Here, we report a case that to our knowledge is the first patient with a presentation of a PCBCL arising from a surgical scar, in particular, an inguinal hernioplasty. The case reminds us of the importance of raising clinical suspicion for malignant neoplasms in surgical scars, in particular, after mesh placement. MeSH terms: ‘lymphoma, large b-cell, diffuse’, ‘skin’ and ‘cicatrix’.
The Public Health Approach to the Worsening Opioid Crisis in the United States Calls for Harm Reduction Strategies to Mitigate the Harm From Opioid Addiction and Overdose Deaths
Authors: Yeo Yvon , Johnson Rosemary , Heng Christine 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The opioid crisis has devastated the U.S. more than any other country, and the epidemic is getting worse. While opioid prescriptions have decreased by more than 40% from its peak in 2010, unfortunately, opioid-related overdose deaths have not declined but continued to increase. With greater scrutiny on prescription opioids, many users switched to the cheaper and more readily available heroin that drove up heroin-related overdose deaths from 2010 to peak in 2016, being overtaken by the spike in synthetic opioid (mostly fentanyl)-related overdose deaths. The surge in fentanyl-related overdose deaths since 2013 is alarming as fentanyl is more potent and deadly. One thing is certain the opioid crisis is not improving but has become dire with the surge in fentanyl-related overdose deaths. Evidence-based strategies have to be implemented in the U.S. to control this epidemic before it destroys more lives. Other countries, including European countries and Canada, have invested more in harm reduction strategies than the U.S. even though they (especially Europe) do not face anywhere near the level of crisis as the U.S. In the long-run, upstream measures (tackling the social determinants of health) are more effective public health strategies to control the epidemic. In the meantime, however, harm reduction strategies have to be employed to mitigate the harm from addiction and overdose deaths.
Trends in Surgical Case Volume During Pacific Partnership Missions Onboard USNS Mercy
Authors: Sykes Alicia G , Brill Jason B , Wallace James D , Lee Clara , Lewis Paul R , Henry Marion C , Christman Matthew S , Casey Kevin M , Bickler Stephen W , Ignacio Romeo C 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Since 2006, the U.S. Navy has conducted six Pacific Partnership (PP) missions throughout Southeast Asia on board the U.S. Naval Ship Mercy (T-AH 19). This study describes trends in overall and surgical specialty operative volumes to better understand the burden of surgical disease treated during these humanitarian and civic assistance (HCA) operations. This information can assist medical planners and surgical leaders involved in future humanitarian missions.

Materials and Methods
Following approval from the Naval Medical Center San Diego Institutional Review Board, a retrospective review of surgical case data was performed for the six PP missions from 2006 to 2018. Data collected included patient demographics, Current Procedural Terminology codes, and surgical specialty. The primary outcome was surgical case volume per specialty. Secondary outcomes included surgical staffing per mission and overall trends in operative volume.

Results
A total of 3,826 operative procedures were performed during the study period. Mission years in which case volume for both general surgery and ophthalmology were below their respective medians were associated with the least total surgical services to host nations (HNs). The number of active duty Navy surgeons varied with each mission; however, the staffing for a PP mission generally included at least two general surgeons, one ophthalmologist, one plastic surgeon, one pediatric surgeon, one orthopedic surgeon, one otolaryngologist, one oral surgeon, one urologist, and one obstetrician–gynecologist. Case volume per surgeon was highest in 2006 (50 cases per surgeon) and decreased after 2006, reaching an all-time low during the 2018 PP mission (10 cases per surgeon). Pediatric surgery and plastic surgery had the highest average case volumes per surgeon at 58 and 46 cases per surgeon, respectively, while oromaxillofacial surgery and neurosurgery had the lowest average case volumes per surgeon at 9 and 14 cases per surgeon, respectively.

Conclusions
Operative volume on military HCA missions is greatly influenced by the priorities of the HN, the mission focus, the number of individuals from the HN that present for screening, and the availability of personnel and resources available on the hospital ship. Future mission planning should optimize general surgery and ophthalmology staffing and essential equipment, as total mission case volumes were highly dependent upon the productivity of these two specialties. Careful determination of the surgical needs of HNs should serve as a guide for the selection of subspecialists to maximize effectiveness in future military HCA missions.
Racial Disparities in the Military Health System: A Framework Synthesis
Authors: Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez , Korona-Bailey Jessica , Janvrin Miranda Lynn , Madsen Cathaleen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Racial disparities in health care are a well-documented phenomenon in the USA. Universal insurance has been suggested as a solution to mitigate these disparities. We examined race-based disparities in the Military Health System (MHS) by constructing and analyzing a framework of existing studies that measured disparities between direct care (care provided by military treatment facilities) and private sector care (care provided by civilian health care facilities).

Materials and Methods
We conducted a framework synthesis on 77 manuscripts published in partnership with the Comparative Effectiveness and Provider-Induced Demand Collaboration Project that use MHS electronic health record data to present an overview of racial disparities assessed for multiple treatment interventions in a nationally representative, universally insured population.

Results
We identified 32 studies assessing racial disparities in areas of surgery, trauma, opioid prescription and usage, women’s health, and others. Racial disparities were mitigated in postoperative complications, trauma care, and cancer screenings but persisted in diabetes readmissions, opioid usage, and minimally invasive women’s health procedures.

Conclusion
Universal coverage mitigates many, but not all, racial disparities in health care. An examination of a broader range of interventions, a closer look at variation in care provided by civilian facilities, and a look at the quality of care by race provide further opportunities for research.
The Perceptual Awareness Scale—recent controversies and debates
Authors: Overgaard Morten , Sandberg Kristian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Accurate insight into subjective experience is crucial for the science of consciousness. The Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS) was created in 2004 as a method for obtaining precise introspective reports for participants in research projects, and since then, the scale has become increasingly popular. This does not mean, of course, that no critiques have been voiced. Here, we briefly recapitulate our main thoughts on the intended PAS usage and the findings of the first decade, and we update this with the latest empirical and theoretical developments. We focus specifically on findings with relevance to whether consciousness is gradual or all-or-none phenomenon, to what should be considered conscious/unconscious, and to whether PAS is preferable to alternative measures of awareness. We respond in detail to some recent, selected articles.
Representational ‘touch’ and modulatory ‘retouch’—two necessary neurobiological processes in thalamocortical interaction for conscious experience
Authors: Bachmann Talis 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTheories of consciousness using neurobiological data or being influenced by these data have been focused either on states of consciousness or contents of consciousness. These theories have occasionally used evidence from psychophysical phenomena where conscious experience is a dependent experimental variable. However, systematic catalog of many such relevant phenomena has not been offered in terms of these theories. In the perceptual retouch theory of thalamocortical interaction, recently developed to become a blend with the dendritic integration theory, consciousness states and contents of consciousness are explained by the same mechanism. This general-purpose mechanism has modulation of the cortical layer-5 pyramidal neurons that represent contents of consciousness as its core. As a surplus, many experimental psychophysical phenomena of conscious perception can be explained by the workings of this mechanism. Historical origins and current views inherent in this theory are presented and reviewed.
Origins of biallelic inactivation of NF2 in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Xue Lu , He Weiwei , Zhang Yi , Wang Zhigang , Chen Hongsai , Chen Zhe , Zhu Weidong , Liu Dongmei , Jia Huan , Jiang Yi , Wang Zhaoyan , Wu Hao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Elucidating the mechanism by which biallelic inactivation evolved could provide a mechanistic understanding for NF2 tumorigenesis and also a rationale for clinical management.

Methods
A cohort of 60 NF2 patients was recruited. Next-generation sequencing of tumor and paired control samples was used to explore how NF2 mutations evolve in determining the clinical phenotypes.

Results
In total, 60 blood samples (one from each patient) and 61 (from 35 patients) NF2-associated tumors were collected. Next-generation sequencing of the blood samples detected “first hit” NF2 mutation in 35/60 donors (58.3%), 82.9% of which (29/35) bear heterozygous germline mutations, and 17.1% (6/35) of which are mosaics with variable allelic frequency (VAF). While a number of NF2 patients were found without germline mutation, most (57/61, 93.4%) NF2-associated tumors were identified with NF2 somatic mutation. We calculated the correlation between the onset latency of mosaic and germline NF2 allele carriers with the mosaicism VAF. The mosaicism VAF is negatively and linearly correlated to clinical symptom onset latency (R2 = 0.3677, P = .00351), suggesting biallelic inactivation probability is a linear function of “first hit” prevalence in the body. The second NF2 somatic mutation occurrence time positively correlates with the onset of clinical symptoms (R2 = 0.4151, P = .02633), suggesting tumor growth is linearly proportional to the time after biallelic inactivation.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that biallelic inactivation of NF2 evolved through neutral drift and preexisting first hit NF2 allele determines certain aspects of the clinical symptoms. Genetic diagnosis should be included in the diagnostic criteria and treatment consideration of NF2.
Triage of Persons With Tuberculosis Symptoms Using Artificial Intelligence–Based Chest Radiograph Interpretation: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Nsengiyumva Ntwali Placide , Hussain Hamidah , Oxlade Olivia , Majidulla Arman , Nazish Ahsana , Khan Aamir J , Menzies Dick , Ahmad Khan Faiz , Schwartzman Kevin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
In settings without access to rapid expert radiographic interpretation, artificial intelligence (AI)–based chest radiograph (CXR) analysis can triage persons presenting with possible tuberculosis (TB) symptoms, to identify those who require additional microbiological testing. However, there is limited evidence of the cost-effectiveness of this technology as a triage tool.

Methods
A decision analysis model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of triage strategies with AI-based CXR analysis for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB in Karachi, Pakistan. These strategies were compared to the current standard of care using microbiological testing with smear microscopy or GeneXpert, without prior triage. Positive triage CXRs were considered to improve referral success for microbiologic testing, from 91% to 100% for eligible persons. Software diagnostic accuracy was based on a prospective field study in Karachi. Other inputs were obtained from the Pakistan TB Program. The analysis was conducted from the healthcare provider perspective, and costs were expressed in 2020 US dollars.

Results
Compared to upfront smear microscopy for all persons with presumptive TB, triage strategies with AI-based CXR analysis were projected to lower costs by 19%, from $23233 per 1000 persons, and avert 3%–4% disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), from 372 DALYs. Compared to upfront GeneXpert, AI-based triage strategies lowered projected costs by 37%, from $34346 and averted 4% additional DALYs, from 369 DALYs. Reinforced follow-up for persons with positive triage CXRs but negative microbiologic tests was particularly cost-effective.

Conclusions
In lower-resource settings, the addition of AI-based CXR triage before microbiologic testing for persons with possible TB symptoms can reduce costs, avert additional DALYs, and improve TB detection.