bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invariance principles in the theory and computation of transport coefficients
Authors: Grasselli Federico , Baroni Stefano 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, we elaborate on two recently discovered invariance principles, according to which transport coefficients are, to a large extent, independent of the microscopic definition of the densities and currents of the conserved quantities being transported (energy, momentum, mass, charge). The first such principle,gauge invariance, allows one to define a quantum adiabatic energy current from density-functional theory, from which the heat conductivity can be uniquely defined and computed using equilibrium ab initio molecular dynamics. When combined with a novel topological definition ofatomic oxidation states, gauge invariance also sheds new light onto the mechanisms of charge transport in ionic conductors. The second principle,convective invariance, allows one to extend the analysis to multi-component systems. These invariance principles can be combined with new spectral analysis methods for the current time series to be fed into the Green–Kubo formula to obtain accurate estimates of transport coefficients from relatively short molecular dynamics simulations.Graphic abstract
Courant bracket twisted both by a 2-form B and by a bi-vector $$\theta $$
Authors: Davidović Ljubica , Ivanišević Ilija , Sazdović Branislav 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe obtain the Courant bracket twisted simultaneously by a 2-form B and a bi-vector $$\theta $$
θ
by calculating the Poisson bracket algebra of the symmetry generator in the basis obtained acting with the relevant twisting matrix. It is the extension of the Courant bracket that contains well known Schouten–Nijenhuis and Koszul bracket, as well as some new star brackets. We give interpretation to the star brackets as projections on isotropic subspaces.
A novel determination of non-perturbative contributions to Bjorken sum rule
Authors: Yu Qing , Wu Xing-Gang , Zhou Hua , Huang Xu-Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBased on the operator product expansion, the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions to the polarized Bjorken sum rule (BSR) can be separated conveniently, and the nonperturbative one can be fitted via a proper comparison with the experimental data. In the paper, we first give a detailed study on the pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part of BSR. Basing on the accurate pQCD prediction of BSR, we then give a novel fit of the non-perturbative high-twist contributions by comparing with JLab data. Previous pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part derived under conventional scale-setting approach still show strong renormalization scale dependence. The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic and strict way to eliminate conventional renormalization scale-setting ambiguity by determining the accurate $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

-running behavior of the process with the help of renormalization group equation. Our calculation confirms the PMC prediction satisfies the standard renormalization group invariance, e.g. its fixed-order prediction does scheme-and-scale independent. In low $$Q^2$$

Q
2

-region, the effective momentum of the process is small and in order to derive a reliable prediction, we adopt four low-energy $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

models to do the analysis, i.e. the model based on the analytic perturbative theory (APT), the Webber model (WEB), the massive pQCD model (MPT) and the model under continuum QCD theory (CON). Our predictions show that even though the high-twist terms are generally power suppressed in high $$Q^2$$

Q
2

-region, they shall have sizable contributions in low and intermediate $$Q^2$$

Q
2

domain. Based on the more accurate scheme-and-scale independent pQCD prediction, our newly fitted results for the high-twist corrections at $$Q^2=1\;\mathrm{GeV}^2$$

Q
2

=
1

GeV

2

are, $$f_2^{p-n}|_{\mathrm{APT}}=-0.120\pm 0.013$$

f
2

p
-
n

|

APT

=
-
0.120
±
0.013

, $$f_2^{p-n}|_\mathrm{WEB}=-0.081\pm 0.013$$

f
2

p
-
n

|

WEB

=
-
0.081
±
0.013

, $$f_2^{p-n}|_{\mathrm{MPT}}=-0.128\pm 0.013$$

f
2

p
-
n

|

MPT

=
-
0.128
±
0.013

and $$f_2^{p-n}|_{\mathrm{CON}}=-0.139\pm 0.013$$

f
2

p
-
n

|

CON

=
-
0.139
±
0.013

; $$\mu _6|_\mathrm{APT}=0.003\pm 0.000$$

μ
6

|

APT

=
0.003
±
0.000

, $$\mu _6|_{\mathrm{WEB}}=0.001\pm 0.000$$

μ
6

|

WEB

=
0.001
±
0.000

, $$\mu _6|_\mathrm{MPT}=0.003\pm 0.000$$

μ
6

|

MPT

=
0.003
±
0.000

and $$\mu _6|_{\mathrm{CON}}=0.002\pm 0.000$$

μ
6

|

CON

=
0.002
±
0.000

, respectively, where the errors are squared averages of those from the statistical and systematic errors from the measured data.
Extreme Learning Machine Denoising Algorithm Based Analysis of Transvaginal 3-Dimensional Ultrasonic Image for the Diagnostic Effect of Intrauterine Adhesion
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhang Zhikun 
Published: August 2021

The aim was to analyze the application values and diagnostic effects of transvaginal 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic image based on extreme learning machine denoising algorithm (ELMDA) in the diagnosis of intrauterine adhesions (IUA). The speckle noise in the 3D ultrasound image was removed with the ELMDA. Its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the mean square error (MSE) were compared with those of the median filter algorithm (MFA) with the anisotropic diffusion algorithm (ADA) and wavelet threshold. The ELMDA was used in the diagnosis of 3D ultrasound images to compare the accuracy of hysteroscopy with transvaginal 3D ultrasound and two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound in the diagnosis of IUA. The results showed that the MSE of ELMDA was dramatically smaller than those of ADA and WT-MFA and its PSNR was higher than those of the other two algorithms (

P

< 0.05) when the noise variance was constant. The diagnostic accuracy of mild and moderate adhesions by 2D ultrasound was statistically different (

P

< 0.05) compared with hysteroscopy. But the diagnosis results of severe adhesions were consistent, and the diagnosed cases were both 6 (11.11%) with no statistical difference (

P

> 0.05). In addition, there was no statistically great difference in the diagnostic accuracy of IUA by transvaginal 3D ultrasound and hysteroscopy (

P

> 0.05), and the diagnosis results of moderate and severe adhesions were consistent (both 20 cases (37.04%) and 6 cases (11.11%), respectively) with no statistical difference (

P

> 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of 3D ultrasound was 96.30%, while that of 2D ultrasound was 90.74%, showing a statistical difference (

P

< 0.05). In conclusion, ELMDA had a good effect of denoising, and there was a high accuracy of the application of 3D transvaginal ultrasound to diagnose IUA, which had reliable clinical application value.
Combining an Alarmin HMGN1 Peptide with PD-L1 Blockade Results in Robust Antitumor Effects with a Concomitant Increase of Stem-Like/Progenitor Exhausted CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Chen Chang-Yu , Ueha Satoshi , Ishiwata Yoshiro , Shichino Shigeyuki , Yokochi Shoji , Yang De , Oppenheim Joost J. , Ogiwara Haru , Deshimaru Shungo , Kanno Yuzuka , Aoki Hiroyasu , Ogawa Tatsuro , Shibayama Shiro , Matsushima Kouji 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

The expansion of intratumoral stem-like/progenitor exhausted CD8+ T (Tstem/Tpex) cells provides a potential approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, here we demonstrate a strategy to facilitate Tstem/Tpex cell expansion by combining an alarmin high-mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) peptide with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. The antitumor effects of HMGN1, anti–PD-L1, and their combined treatment were monitored in the B16F10, LLC, Colon26, or EO771 tumor–bearing mice. The comprehensive immunologic analyses, such as high-dimensional flow cytometry, transcriptome analysis, and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), were used to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antitumor immune responses after treatments. We identified the immunostimulatory domain (EPKRR SARLS AKPPA KVEAK PKK) on HMGN1 and synthesized this domain as a therapeutic peptide (minP1). Combined treatment with minP1 and PD-L1 blockade induced durable tumor regression in tumor-bearing mice. minP1 increased the number of intratumoral mature DCs enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDC) and enhanced their MHC class I antigen–presenting program. minP1 also synergized with PD-L1 blockade in augmenting intratumoral Tstem/Tpex cell number. Analysis of our scRNA-seq dataset by CellPhonDB suggested potential interactions between mregDCs and Tstem/Tpex cells in tumors. Our results indicate that HMGN1 peptide (minP1) serves as an immunoadjuvant to promote effective anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy with increased Tstem/Tpex cells in tumors.
Roles of the North Indian Ocean SST and Tropical North Atlantic SST in the Latitudinal Extension of the Anomalous Western North Pacific Anticyclone during the El Niño Decaying Summer
Authors: Feng Juan , Chen Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe El Niño–related anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) shows different latitudinal extensions during the El Niño decaying summer, which determines the moisture transport to different regions and leads to distinct climate impacts over East Asia. It is known that both the north Indian Ocean (NIO) sea surface temperature (SST) and the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) SST can generate a WNPAC in summer. However, the difference between the NIO SST-forced WNPAC and the TNA SST-forced WNPAC has hardly been noted before now. This study shows that the NIO SST warming makes the WNPAC contract southward, whereas the TNA SST warming makes the WNPAC extend northward. The NIO SST warming generates the WNPAC via a Kelvin wave response. Owing to the limited domain of Kelvin wave activity, the Kelvin wave–induced suppressed convection over the western Pacific is confined south of 20°N, resulting in the WNPAC being concentrated in the low latitudes. In contrast, the TNA SST warming generates the WNPAC via a Rossby wave–induced divergence/convergence chain response over the Pacific. The Rossby wave–induced suppressed convection over the central-eastern Pacific north of the equator leads to enhanced convection on its southwest side, which further generates the low-level anomalous divergent winds over the western North Pacific and suppresses convection there. In this process, the suppressed convection over the western North Pacific is pushed more northward, thus producing a WNPAC extending northward. Further study finds that there are good precursors for predicting the WNPAC latitudinal extension based on the El Niño spatial pattern and the NIO/TNA SST intensity in the previous winter and spring.
Characteristics of people on community treatment orders in Australia: Data from the 2010 National Survey of High Impact Psychosis
Authors: Suetani Shuichi , Kisely Steve , Parker Stephen , Waterreus Anna , Morgan Vera A , Siskind Dan 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Existing evidence on factors associated with community treatment order placement is largely restricted to administrative data. We utilised the data from a large nationally representative sample to compare the demographic, clinical, social functioning, substance use and service utilisation profiles of people living with psychosis under community treatment orders with those who were not. Methods: Participants were grouped based on whether they had been subject to a community treatment order in the past 12 months or not. We conducted logistic regressions to examine demographic, clinical, social functioning, substance use and service utilisation profiles associated with the two groups. Results: People who had recently been subject to community treatment orders were more likely to be treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics and lacked insight but were less likely to report suicidal ideation. They also had higher psychiatric inpatient admission rates but a lower frequency of general practitioner visits. Conclusion: People on community treatment orders in Australia may differ from those who are not under a community treatment order in their treatment needs. Resources and care provision must match the needs of this particularly vulnerable group.
Exercise-Related Effects on Executive Functions During a Simulated Underwater Extravehicular Activity
Authors: Möller Fabian , Hoffmann Uwe , Vogt Tobias , Steinberg Fabian 
Published: August 2021

Objective Investigation of cognitive performance during extravehicular activities (EVAs) in a space-analog setting. Background EVAs performed by humans in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS) call for high cognitive performance during upper-body workload. Higher cardiovascular demands interact with cognitive performance, but no knowledge exists about EVA’s special requirements. This study simulates EVA-training underwater to investigate its effects on the executive functions inhibition and switching. Method In a counterbalanced crossover design, 16 divers (age: 28 ± 2.4 years; eight females) performed two conditions (i.e., EVA vs. Inactivity [INACT]) in 3–5 m submersion (diving gear; not in a space-suit). EVA included 30 min of moderate-, followed by 30 min of high-intensity upper-body exercise intervals, paired with EVA-specific cognitive-motor tasks. INACT included no exercise in submersion and neutral buoyancy. Both conditions included cognitive testing at pre, mid (after the first 30 min), and post (after the second 30 min) on a tablet computer. Reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy (ACC) were calculated for both tasks. Results ACC was significantly lower during EVA compared with INACT for inhibition (post: p = .009) and switching (mid: p = .019) at post ( p = .005). RTs for inhibition were significantly faster during EVA ( p = .022; ηp2 = 0.320). Conclusion Specific physical exercise, intensity, duration, and tasks performed during the EVA might differently affect the exercise-cognition interaction and need further investigation, especially for future long-term space travel. Application Future research might serve to improve mission success and safety for EVAs and long-term space travel.
The Impact of Transparency and Decision Risk on Human–Automation Teaming Outcomes
Authors: Loft Shayne , Bhaskara Adella , Lock Brittany A. , Skinner Michael , Brooks James , Li Ryan , Bell Jason 
Published: August 2021

Objective Examine the effects of decision risk and automation transparency on the accuracy and timeliness of operator decisions, automation verification rates, and subjective workload. Background Decision aids typically benefit performance, but can provide incorrect advice due to contextual factors, creating the potential for automation disuse or misuse. Decision aids can reduce an operator’s manual problem evaluation, and it can also be strategic for operators to minimize verifying automated advice in order to manage workload. Method Participants assigned the optimal unmanned vehicle to complete missions. A decision aid provided advice but was not always reliable. Two levels of decision aid transparency were manipulated between participants. The risk associated with each decision was manipulated using a financial incentive scheme. Participants could use a calculator to verify automated advice; however, this resulted in a financial penalty. Results For high- compared with low-risk decisions, participants were more likely to reject incorrect automated advice and were more likely to verify automation and reported higher workload. Increased transparency did not lead to more accurate decisions and did not impact workload but decreased automation verification and eliminated the increased decision time associated with high decision risk. Conclusion Increased automation transparency was beneficial in that it decreased automation verification and decreased decision time. The increased workload and automation verification for high-risk missions is not necessarily problematic given the improved automation correct rejection rate. Application The findings have potential application to the design of interfaces to improve human–automation teaming, and for anticipating the impact of decision risk on operator behavior.
Examining the FDI–Growth Nexus in BRICS: Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Joo Bashir Ahmad , Shawl Sana 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) economies, which are considered to be the fastest-growing economies and dominant players in the global investment landscape. In order to assess the relationship between the dependent variable (economic growth) and explanatory variables (FDI inflows and other growth determinants), we analyse a 32-year panel data starting from 1987 to 2018 using feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) method. The article found a significant positive FDI impact on economic growth in BRICS. However, exports, human capital and inflation (macroeconomic instability) exert a negative impact on economic growth of BRICS, whereas domestic investments exert a positive impact on growth. JEL Codes: F21, F43, C23, O47
Financial indebtedness and suicide: A 1-year follow-up study of a population registered at the Swedish Enforcement Authority
Authors: Rojas Yerko 
Published: August 2021

Background: Economic hardship is an established suicidogenic factor. However, very little is known about whether financial difficulties in terms of debt problems, specifically, is related to suicide. This would seem to be an important research gap, not least at a time when the repercussions of the global financial crisis are still being felt by many people. Aims: This study sets out to examine whether experiencing financial indebtedness is related to suicide. Methods: For this purpose, people aged between 18 and 64 with a registration date for a debt in the Swedish Enforcement Authority register between 2015 and 2017 ( n = 180,842) are followed up for a 1-year period for death by suicide and compared with a sample from the general Swedish population ( n = 928,265). The analysis is based on penalized maximum likelihood logistic regressions. Results: Those who had experienced financial indebtedness were two and a half times more likely to commit suicide than those who had not lived through this experience (OR = 2.50), controlling for several demographic, socio-economic, and mental health conditions prior to the date of the registration at the Enforcement Authority. Conclusion: Debt repayment problems have a significant and detrimental impact on individuals’ risk of committing suicide, even when several other socioeconomic risk factors are controlled for. The results reinforce the importance of ongoing attempts to remove the issue of debt problem from its status as a rather hidden suicidogenic risk factor.
A Cephalometric Evaluation and Comparison of Skeletal, Dentoalveolar, and Soft Tissue Changes Brought about by the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope Fixed Functional Appliance
Authors: Kaur Gabbie Jasmine , Gandhi Geetanjali , Khanna Mannu , Loomba Anju , Sharma Atul 
Published: August 2021

Background: Though studies have been conducted on the PowerScope, not many researches are available in the literature which compare its effects with other fixed functional appliances. Therefore, the aim of our study was cephalometric evaluation and comparison of the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes brought about by the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope appliance. Materials and Methods: Pre and Posttreatment cephalometric records of 20 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with fixed functional appliances (Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and PowerScope) were compared. Values of various cephalometric parameters were used to evaluate the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test (intragroup comparison) and Mann–Whitney U test (intergroup) were used to see significant differences in the parameters ( P ≤ .05). Results: Both the appliances were successful in correcting the Class II discrepancy. Skeletal changes were seen significantly in both the groups, though they were more in the Forsus patients. Dentoalveolar changes were predominantly seen in PowerScope patients. Also, an improvement in soft tissue profile was seen in both the groups. Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that the PowerScope and the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device are equally good options for the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible, as they achieve changes in all the three aspects: skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue.
Assessment of Contributing Factors for Discontinuation of Orthodontic Treatment: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Bhatt Zarana Sanjay , Sinha Surina , Patel Dolly 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The success of orthodontic therapy depends upon the knowledge and clinical skills of the orthodontist as well as awareness and sincerity of the patient. Due to long treatment duration, commitment and good rapport between both sides is essential. This retrospective study was undertaken to understand the factors affecting the reasons for discontinuation after commencement of treatment in a Government run hospital. Materials and method: A telephonic questionnaire survey was conducted on 153 patients who had discontinued treatment midway and their responses were analysed. The subjects were divided into 3 groups depending upon their school going years. The major focus areas were -1. Reasons for seeking orthodontic treatment 2. Reasons for pursuing treatment in this hospital and 3. Reasons for discontinuation of orthodontic treatment. Results and conclusions: Long waiting period before starting the treatment, failure to give subsequent appointments by the doctor, and having to leave the city were found to be the three most common causes for discontinuation. To reduce the attrition rate a three step strategy was devised to ensure an improved orthodontic outcome for the patients and to see more smiling faces bid adieu each year.
ADHD and Interfering Thoughts in High and Low Conflict Conditions
Authors: Alali-Morlevy Klodin , Goldfarb Liat 
Published: August 2021

Background: Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis have increased levels of interfering thoughts, especially in the form of mind wandering. This was mostly investigated in sustained attention tasks; hence it is unclear whether the findings are only due to their difficulties in those types of tasks. Moreover, it is unclear how the amount of control invested in the task will affect those differences between control and ADHD groups. Method: ADHD and matched control groups performed the Stroop task under high and low conflict conditions while measuring their interfering thoughts level. Results: Individuals with ADHD have more interfering thoughts compared to a control group even when they are able to change their control level according to the task conflict. Conclusion: Interfering thoughts are an independent predictor of ADHD impairments, observed regardless of the degree of control invested in the task.