bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clinical factors and reasons that influence the disposition of cryopreserved embryos in Japanese patients with infertility treated in our clinic
Authors: Nakagawa Yuko , Onogi Sachie , Zhang Shi‐Qing , Nishihara Seiko , Ito Masanori , Ando Satoko , Tanaka Kei , Tsuchiyama Satoshi , Yamasaki Hiroyuki , Shinohara Kazunori , Okuno Takashi , Kobayashi Tamotsu , Kato Keiichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical factors and factors that affect the decisions regarding storage of cryopreserved embryos obtained using assisted reproductive technology.MethodsClinical characteristics affecting the decisions regarding cryopreserved embryos were analyzed in 5724 Japanese couples who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra‐cytoplasmic sperm insemination (ICSI) and embryo transfer over 4 years since April 2015 at our clinic. Statistical analysis was carried out using JMP software.ResultsThe number of oocytes retrievals and embryos stored, outcomes and number of children, and age of the female patients and male partners were related to the decision‐making regarding cryopreserved embryos. Childbearing and no wish for another child were the major reasons for discontinuing embryo storage. The number of oocytes retrievals and embryos in storage, age of the female patients, and sex of the child were independently associated with this decision‐making in 2682 patients with a single child. Women with male children were more likely to choose discontinuation of embryo storage than those with female children.ConclusionAlready having a child and not wishing for further treatment due to age along with the presence of a male child affect the decision to continue or discontinue embryo storage in Japanese patients with infertility.
The role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway in endometriosis
Authors: Bora Gizem , Yaba Aylin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimEndometriosis is an estrogen‐dependent chronic inflammatory condition which causes pain, infertility, and predisposition for ovarian cancer. Endometriosis generates a unique microenvironment for survivability of endometriotic lesions which includes cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. For these cellular activities, cascading activations of intracellular kinases are needed. Many kinase signaling pathways, IKKβ/NK‐κB pathway, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), are activated in endometriosis. In this review, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in endometriosis.MethodsTo identify the role of MAP Kinase signaling pathway in endometriosis we searched the Pubmed database using the search terms in various combinations “endometriosis,” “endometrium,” “ovary,” “MAPK pathway,” “ERK pathway,” “p38 pathway,” “JNK pathway,” “estrogen,” and “progesterone.”ResultsAccording to the current literature, MAPK signaling pathway has various roles in generating microenvironment and survival of endometriosis. Abnormal MAPK activation in migration, implantation, growth, invasion into the pelvic structures, proliferation, and apoptosis leads to the form of endometriosis and to worsen the condition in patients with endometriosis.ConclusionTo further investigations on the effective and long‐term endometriosis treatment, MAPK signaling pathways may be targeted. Molecular mechanism of MAPK signaling pathway in endometriosis should be more deeply understood and clinical trials should be more commonly performed for possible new endometriosis treatments to improve fertility and rescue endometriosis irreversibly.
Cost savings from use of a neonatal sepsis calculator in Australia: A modelled economic analysis
Authors: Cussen Alexandra , Guinness Lorna 
Published: February 2021

AimTo estimate the change in average cost and length of stay (LOS) for the neonatal birth admission resulting from use of the neonatal early‐onset sepsis (EOS) calculator compared to guideline‐based management, in an Australian perinatal health‐care setting.MethodsA decision‐analytic model (decision tree) was constructed to assess admission cost and LOS with EOS calculator use compared to guideline‐based management. Probabilities of clinical sepsis‐related outcomes were obtained via review of published literature. Costs and average LOS were obtained from Australia's Independent Hospital Pricing Authority.ResultsEOS calculator use was associated with a reduction in costs of AUD$25806 and in average LOS of 25.4 days per 1000 babies born. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated greater net benefits could be expected for services where there is a higher baseline rate of antibiotic use.ConclusionThis model demonstrates a significant cost reduction for the neonatal birth admission, associated with use of the EOS calculator as compared to existing guidelines. The net benefit may be greater in Australia, where rates of empiric antibiotic use are reportedly high, compared to some European countries and the United States. Future research opportunities include prospective collection of economic data alongside the introduction of the EOS calculator.
How effective are India's model guidelines on implementation of IPR policy for academic institutions? Seeking the answer from the US and the UK experience
Authors: Saha Prabhat K. , Kaushik Shivam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPublic funded research and inventions play a central role in stimulating innovation in any country. Last year, the Government of India stealthily notified the Draft Model Guidelines on Implementation of IPR Policy for Academic Institutions. The draft guidelines aim to provide a structure embedded in intellectual property rights (IPR) for commercializing university inventions. They prioritize IPR over other methods of technology transfer from academia to the industry. The draft guidelines put India in elite comity of fast‐developing and developed nations which have a similar policy framework in place. But is the spirit of collegiality a reason good enough by itself to embrace a policy? The article comprehensively analyses the draft guidelines, their purported rationale, and consequences that their enforcement would entail. The article presents an Indian perspective against the backdrop of the American and English experience, with their respective academic institutions Intellectual Property Policy frameworks, in an endeavor to extract tangible lessons for India. It is argued that with all the pious intentions with which the draft guidelines have been brought, they are misplaced, inapt, and ill‐judged.
Liver chemistries in glycogenic hepatopathy associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Haffar Samir , Izzy Manhal , Habib Hany , Sugihara Takaaki , Li Darrick K. , Sharma Ayush , Wang Zhen , Murad M. Hassan , Watt Kymberly D. , Bazerbachi Fateh 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsGlycogenic hepatopathy (GH) in type 1 diabetes‐mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by hepatomegaly and perturbations of liver chemistries (LC) that have not been well studied. Furthermore, misdiagnosis with other hepatic complications of T1DM, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has been described. We perform a systematic review of biopsy‐proven GH reports in T1DM patients to identify LC patterns.MethodsA systematic review identified reports of biopsy‐proven GH in patients with T1DM. We excluded GH with other liver diseases, Mauriac syndrome, or GH without T1DM. Two reviewers screened and extracted studies and assessed their methodological quality. LC elevation magnitude, AST‐to‐ALT ratio, R‐ratio to designate hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed pattern of hepatic injury, and evolution of transaminases after glycemic control were analyzed.ResultsA total of 192 patients were included, with median age of 20 years, 73% adults, 66% females, median duration of T1DM before diagnosis 10 years, median adult body mass index 21 kg/m2, median HbA1c 12%, at least one episode of diabetic ketoacidosis 70%, and hepatomegaly 92%. ALT and AST showed moderate‐to‐severe elevation in 78% and 76%, respectively, AST/ALT >1 in 71% and hepatocellular to mixed pattern of hepatic injury in 81%. Transaminase improvement with glycemic control was the rule, regardless of other factors in multilinear regression analysis.ConclusionGH tends to have AST‐predominant elevation with a median of 13 times the upper normal limit and R‐ratio >2, which may distinguish it from other etiologies of AST‐predominant LC elevation, and in the appropriate clinical context, may obviate invasive tests.
Methyl palmitate modulates the nicotine‐induced increase in basilar arterial blood flow
Authors: Chun‐Kai Hsu , Hsi‐Hsien Chang , Shang‐Jen Chang , Shei‐Dei Stephen Yang , Kuo‐Feng Huang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMethyl palmitate (MP) is a fatty acid methyl ester. Our recent study indicated that adrenergic nerve‐dependent functional sympathetic‐sensory nerve interactions were abolished by MP in mesenteric arteries. However, the effect of MP on perivascular nerves and cerebral blood flow remains unclear. In this study, the increase in basilar arterial blood flow (BABF) after the topical application of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry in anesthetized rats. The choline (a selective α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist)‐induced increase in BABF was abolished by tetrodotoxin (a neurotoxin), NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor), α‐bungarotoxin (a selective α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitor), and chronic sympathetic denervation. In addition, the nicotine (a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist)‐induced increase in BABF was inhibited by MP in a concentration‐dependent manner. The acetylcholine‐induced increase in BABF was not affected by MP. The myography results revealed that nicotine‐induced vasorelaxation was significantly inhibited by MP, but was reversed by chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor). MP‐induced vasodilation was significantly greater in BA rings without endothelium compared to those with endothelium. Meanwhile, MP did not affect baseline BABF. Our results indicate that MP acts as a neuromodulator in the cerebral circulation where it activates the PKC pathway and causes a diminished nicotine‐induced increase in blood flow in the brainstem, and that the vasorelaxation effect of MP may play a minor role.
Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Vander Wyst Kiley B. , Ortega‐Santos Carmen P. , Toffoli Samantha N. , Lahti Caroline E. , Whisner Corrie M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryEarly life gut microbiota are affected by several factors that make identification of microbial‐adiposity relationships challenging. This review evaluates studies that have investigated the gut microbiota composition associated with adiposity in infants, children, and adolescents and provides evidence‐based nutrition recommendations that address microbiota‐adiposity links. Electronic databases were systematically searched through January 2020. Eligible studies were published in English and analyzed gut microbiota and adiposity among individuals aged birth to 18 years. Abstracts and full‐text articles were reviewed by three independent reviewers. Of 45 full‐text articles reviewed, 33 were included. No difference in abundance was found for Bacteroidetes (n = 7/15 articles), Firmicutes (n = 10/17), Actinobacteria (n = 8/12), Proteobacteria (n = 8/12), Tenericutes (n = 4/5), and Verrucomicrobia (n = 4/6) with adiposity. Lower abundance of Christensenellaceae (n = 3/5) and Rikenellaceae (n = 6/8) but higher abundance of F. prausnitzii (n = 3/5) and Prevotella (n = 5/7) were associated with adiposity. A lack of consensus exists for gut microbial composition associations with adiposity. A healthy gut microbiota is associated with a diet rich in fruits and vegetables with moderate consumption of animal fat and protein. Future research should use more robust sequencing technologies to identify all bacterial taxa associated with adiposity and evaluate how diet effects these adiposity‐associated microbes.
Effects of message order and active participation on vaccine risk communication
Authors: Okuno Hideo , Satoh Hiroshi , Iitake Chie , Hosokawa Shinichi , Oishi Kazunori , Kikkawa Toshiko 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground“Message order” and “active participation” could be effective as risk communication methods. “Anticipated regret” (AR) has also been recognized as affecting risk perception and vaccine uptake in vaccination risk communication. We aimed to evaluate the effects of message order and active participation and the interactions between these two interventions on AR for vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a 2 (message order: positive‐negative or negative‐positive) × 2 (message calendar: with or without planning) factorial design study among 81 study participants. The effects of message order and active participation of mothers, using a message calendar, were evaluated on mothers’ decision‐making regarding vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for their children. Participants completed questionnaires to evaluate the AR of infection if unvaccinated (anticipated regret of inaction) and of side effects if vaccinated (anticipated regret of action, ARA) twice: immediately after interventions and 1 month later.ResultsAn interaction between message order and active participation was significant with regard to anticipated regret of inaction immediately after interventions (P = 0.01), but this effect disappeared 1 month after interventions. The message order showed no main effect with regard to ARA. However, the main effect of active participation was marginally significant with regard to ARA 1 month after intervention (P = 0.09); AR over vaccine side effects was lower when vaccination was planned than in the condition without planning.ConclusionsThe effect of message order was hardly detectable in a clinical setting. However, active participation induced by planning may affect AR. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of active participation in decision‐making for vaccination.
Quality of life in long term survivors of pediatric intestinal transplantation compared with liver transplantation and home parenteral nutrition: A prospective single‐center pilot study
Authors: Proli Francesco , Metou‐Lopes Adamadia , Ayachi Amel , Rossi Matilde , D’Arcangelo Giulia , Faragalli Andrea , Lambe Cécile , Talbotec Cécile , Goulet Olivier , Chardot Christophe , Lacaille Florence 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealth‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after intestinal transplantation (IT) is important, as many psychological troubles have been reported in these patients on the long term. Our aim was to assess and compare HRQOL of patients after IT to patients after liver transplantation (LT) or on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for intestinal failure. A cross‐sectional study included patients and their parents between 10 and 18 years of age, on HPN for more than 2 years, or who underwent IT or LT, with a graft survival longer than 2 years. Quality of life was explored by Child Health Questionnaire. Thirteen children‐parents dyads after IT, 10 after LT, and eight children on HPN completed the survey. Patients were a median age of 14 years old, a median of 10 years post‐transplantation or on HPN. Patients after IT scored lower than patients after LT or on HPN in “social limitations due to behavioral difficulties” and in “behavior.” They scored higher than those on HPN in “global health.” Parents of children after IT scored lower than those after LT in many domains. No relevant correlation with clinical data was found. Our study showed the multi‐level impact of IT on quality of life of patients and their parents. It highlights the importance of a regular psychological follow‐up for patients, but also of a psychological support for families. Helping the patients to overcome the difficulties at adolescence may improve their mental health in adulthood.
Fine root production, turnover ofReaumuria songaricaand soil carbon and nitrogen in Alxa steppe desert ofNWChina
Authors: Ma Xiong‐zhong , Wang Xin‐ping , Jin Yan‐xia , Zhang Ya‐feng 
Published: February 2021

Variations of fine root production and turnover of the dominant shrubs associated with soil carbon (C) and nutrients are of key importance for evaluating desert ecosystem sustainability. Here we examined fine root production and turnover rate ofReaumuria songaricain Alxa steppe desert of northwestern China through sequential coring, ingrowth cores, and mesh‐bag methods, and then assessed soil C and nitrogen (N) stock and its correlation with fine root and leaf litter input. Results showed that fine root production and turnover rate were closely related to soil water content. Fine root production density and turnover rate ofR. songaricawere 386.8 g m−2and 2.4 yr−1, respectively. Annually, fine root and leaf litter ofR. songaricainput 126.3 g C m−2and 4.7 g N m−2to soil. Soil organic C and N under shrub canopies increased substantially, which promoted the heterogeneity of soil properties and is considered as an important mechanism underlying the restoration of degraded sandy lands.
Patterns of conifer invasion following prescribed fire in grasslands and oak woodlands of Redwood National Park, California
Authors: van Mantgem Phillip J. , Wright Micah C. , Engber Eamon A. 
Published: February 2021

The invasion, or “encroachment,” of native conifers commonly occurs in the absence of frequent fire in deciduous woodlands and grasslands of the Pacific Northwest, USA. To effectively target restoration activities, managers require a better understanding of the outcomes of prescribed fire and the spatial patterns of conifer invasions. We examined the duration of prescribed fire effectiveness for managing conifer invasions, as well as multiple site characteristics (including distance to potential seed trees, prescribed fire history, and topographic variables) that influenced conifer invasions following fire in grassland and oak woodland communities in the Bald Hills of Redwood National Park, California. Prescribed fire substantially reduced counts of small conifers (<0.91 m in height), but reinvasion was rapid for sites ≤75 m from the forest edge, returning to pre‐fire levels by 2 years post‐fire. Following prescribed fires, the presence of conifers was largely determined by the proximity of overstory trees, with more than 95% of conifer seedlings (stems <1.37 m in height) found within 44 m of an overstory conifer. Number of fires and years since the most recent fire were not strongly related to counts of conifer seedlings and density of conifer saplings (stems from 0.1 to 10 cm diameter at breast height, 1.37 m). Our results suggest that in the Bald Hills vulnerability to conifer invasion is principally a function of proximity to seed sources, and the frequent application of prescribed fire or surrogate treatments are needed to prevent conifer seedlings from attaining fire‐resistant sizes.
Racial Politics and the Presidency: Analyzing White House Visits by Professional Sports Teams
Authors: Bailey Kendall L. , Trantham Austin 
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesThis article investigates the impact of racial politics on White House visits by professional sports teams. Given increasing political polarization and varying racial compositions of major sports leagues, we hypothesize increased visits and objections over time while the prevalence of nonwhite players in a league detrimentally affects visits with Republican presidents and objections to visiting with them.MethodsUtilizing an original data set, we employ binary logistic regression to examine White House visits and objections by champions of six major professional sports leagues between 1993 and 2019.ResultsWe find (1) increased visits and objections over time; (2) a negative relationship between a league's nonwhite composition and the likelihood of a White House visit; and (3) a positive relationship between a league's nonwhite composition and objections to visits with Republican presidents.ConclusionsThis research provides a more nuanced understanding of how racial politics influences the relationship between the American presidency, society, and culture.
Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants
Authors: Che Ping , Chang Shujun , Simon Marissa K. , Zhang Zhifen , Shaharyar Ahmed , Ourada Jesse , O’Neill Dennis , Torres‐Mendoza Mijael , Guo Yinping , Marasigan Kathleen M. , Vielle‐Calzada Jean‐Philippe , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Albertsen Marc C. , Jones Todd J. 
Published: February 2021

SUMMARYCowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium‐mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas‐mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
Finding Minimum Cost Tool Grouping Schemes on Machining Systems
Authors: Yip-Hoi Derek , Dutta Debasish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changing worn tools is a major concern in planning operations on machining systems. Strategies for replacing tools range from changing each tool as it reaches its projected tool life, to changing all tools when the tool with the shortest life on the machining system is expended. Intermediate strategies involve changing tools in groups. Each of these strategies has two cost components associated with it: (1) the cost of lost production due to machine tool stoppage, and (2) the cost of unused tool life. The best tool grouping strategy minimizes the combined cost of lost production. In this paper we present an approach for finding good tool grouping strategies from inputs that include the tool utilization for a given machining application, and the tooling and machining system costs. A genetic algorithm is used as the underlying optimization paradigm for finding the minimum cost strategy. An example is presented for a part produced on a machining center.
System Cost Based Material Selection for Engineering Thermoplastics
Authors: Beiter Kurt A. , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes system cost based material selection, a computerized procedure for considering mechanical requirements, manufacturing costs, and material selection in the design of injection molded engineering thermoplastic parts. The benefit of this approach is the simultaneous consideration of material choice and part geometry on estimated manufacturing cost during candidate design selection. Using cost as a material selection measure permits the examination of system cost as a function of application requirements. The current implementation uses the allowable deflection of a flat plate and equivalent system stiffness as performance measures. Manufacturability concerns include required part thickness and gating scheme to adequately mold the part, production costs for meeting part tolerance requirements, and a resulting cycle time based on part cooling time estimates. Part manufacturing cost includes material cost, cycle time, and production costs. An example of a desktop printer shows the merits of this approach.