bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xixin Decoction May Treat Vascular Dementia by Modulating the NPTX2/C1q/C3 Complement Pathway
Authors: Yang Shuo , Gao Xin‐qi , Tan Ai‐hua , Ge Pan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVascular dementia (VaD) is a type of dementia that results from brain injury caused by cerebrovascular disease or vascular risk factors. Accumulating evidence from clinical studies has found that Xixin decoction can effectively improve the cognitive function of patients with VaD and improve their daily living ability. However, the pathogenesis of VaD is not fully understood, and the therapeutic mechanism of Xixin decoction is also unclear. The Morris water maze, new object recognition, transmission electron microscopy observation, Golgi staining, Nissl staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction were employed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Xixin decoction. The results showed decreased learning and cognitive abilities, hippocampal neuron damage, decreased NPTX2 protein expression, and increased expression of inflammatory factors such as C1q and C3 in the model group compared with the control group. Furthermore, compared with the model group, the above symptoms were improved after administration of Xixin decoction, and the activity of the NPTX2/C1q/C3 complement pathway was altered. In conclusion, these results suggested that Xixin decoction might treat VaD by modulating the NPTX2/C1q/C3 complement pathway.
Sesquiterpene Monomers and Dimers From the Flower of Inula japonica Thunb. With Selective Antiproliferation Against Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Hong‐Yu , Guo Lu , Luo Di , Lou Si‐Qing , Liang Dong‐E. , Xu Xin‐Ya , Xi Zhi‐Fang , Zhan Zha‐Jun , Ma Lie‐Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA total of 34 sesquiterpene derivates were obtained from the flower of Inula japonica Thunb. Compounds 2, 14–34 were identified as sesquiterpene monomers, whereas the other 12 isolates (1, 3–13) were characterized as sesquiterpene dimers. Among them, japonicone Z (1), a present undescribed sesquiterpene dimer, and another undescribed monomer, japonicol A (2), were discovered. Their structures were determined through extensive spectroscopic techniques. Structurally, these dimers shared a common guaiane moiety that fused with either 1,10‐seco‐eudesmanes or germacrenes by a [4 + 2] biogenetic pathway. The antiproliferative activity of these isolates was assayed on triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231), breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7), and normal human mammary epithelial cells (MCF‐10A). As a result, most of these compounds exhibited significant effects toward cancer cell lines. More importantly, they possessed promising selectivity toward TNBC cell line with a dramatically increased selectivity index, as they showed similar or superior IC50 values compared to paclitaxel and exhibited minimal or weak inhibitory effects on normal cells. These findings provided valuable insight for natural anti‐TNBC sources.
Quality of resistant starch‐enriched breadcrumbs extrudates
Authors: Koksel Hamit , Samray Markus Nail , Masatcioglu Tugrul M. , Koksel Filiz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough bread waste is often processed into breadcrumbs for use in breading formulations, an alternative method to add value to this by‐product is to incorporate it into snack food applications. This study examined the extrusion of breadcrumbs under varying conditions of feed moisture content (13%, 15%, or 17%) and die temperature (120°C or 150°C). To enhance the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of the extrudates, the base breadcrumbs formula was supplemented with resistant starch types 2 and 4 (RS2 and RS4) at different concentrations (15% and 30%). The physical and techno‐functional properties of the resulting breadcrumb extrudates (BCEs) were then investigated.FindingsThe TDF content of BCEs generally increased with higher feed moisture contents, but it was not affected by different die temperatures. The highest radial expansion index (6.33) among the RS‐supplemented BCEs was achieved with RS2‐supplemented BCEs extruded at a die temperature of 120°C and a feed moisture content of 13%. RS4 supplementation also produced BCEs with similar properties under certain extrusion conditions.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in TDF content between RS2 and RS4‐supplemented BCEs at the lowest feed moisture content studied. Overall, RS2 supplementation had a less negative impact on the extrudate expansion index, density, and crispness values compared to RS4 supplementation, indicating the better suitability of RS2 for snack food applications. All BCEs produced had TDF contents higher than 6%, allowing them to carry a “high fiber content” claim according to relevant European Union regulations.Significance and NoveltyThe effects of different types of resistant starch on the physical and techno‐functional properties of extruded snacks have not been studied to date. This study addresses this research gap and adds value to a major by‐product of the bakery industry, breadcrumbs, by incorporating them into snack food applications.
A Distinctive Strategy for Catheter Ablation in Patients With Bilateral Common Ostium in the Inferior Pulmonary Veins: A Case Report
Authors: Wei Zhaoyang , Gong Linan , Wang Zanzan , Zuo Zheng , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPulmonary vein anatomical variations are frequently observed in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing catheter ablation. However, when it comes to patients with atrial fibrillation and bilateral common ostium in the inferior pulmonary veins, using a bilateral circumferential pulmonary vein isolation approach during catheter ablation heightens the risk of esophageal injury. At present, there is no established standard catheter ablation strategy for such cases. A 47‐year‐old female with atrial fibrillation underwent catheter ablation. Prior to the procedure, a left atrial computed tomography angiography indicated a common ostium of the left and right inferior pulmonary veins. During mapping, a low‐voltage area was found in the patient's left atrial posterior wall. To avoid esophageal injury and effectively isolate both pulmonary veins and the low‐voltage area with minimal ablation points, we used a single‐ring ablation approach. In a 12 month follow‐up, the patient had no atrial fibrillation recurrence.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Linked to Dietary Supplement Use in a Bodybuilder: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Sondos K. , Yousif Zahra B. , Baraka Jawaher , Al‐Hashimi Israa , Moursi Moaz O. , Fadul Abdalla , Ibrahim Wanis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany dietary supplements commonly used by bodybuilders and athletes carry thrombogenic risks, potentially leading to life‐threatening conditions like arterial and venous thrombosis by either elevating testosterone levels or directly interfering with homeostasis. Increased awareness and further research are crucial for consumer safety and supplement regulation.
The Doping of Al3+ at the Tetrahedral Site of Spinel Mn3O4 for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Yang Shujiao , Li Sisi , Wang Ting , Gao Xueqing , Chen Yu , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpinel oxides have attracted much attention for electrocatalytic water oxidation. Specially, the Mn‐based spinel structures merits fundamental investigation, as Mn is involved in water oxidation in natural photosynthesis. Herein, Al‐doped Mn3O4 spinel electrocatalyst was prepared for water oxidation. The Al cations selectively occupy the tetrahedral sites of Mn3O4 spinel structure, leaving Mn(III) at the catalytically critical octahedral sites. The substitution of Al3+ regulated the electronic structure of Mn3O4, induced lattice distortion and produced higher concentration of oxygen vacancy to promote the water oxidation performance.
Resource Allocation in 5G NR Networks via Hybrid Lyrebird‐Red Panda Optimization Model
Authors: Jyoti  , Noliya Amandeep , Kumar Dharmender 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRadio resource management in a dynamic 5G HWAN, which includes several RATs like LTE and 5G NR, is examined in this work. A unique resource allocation strategy for 5G NR networks is proposed in this paper to overcome the practical drawbacks of centralized systems, such as signaling overhead and computing complexity. The challenge of resource allocation is tackled by framing it as a stochastic optimization dilemma. Addressing this challenge involves optimizing resource allocation using a novel hybrid optimization algorithm termed CPF‐RPLO. It adopts a chaotic probability factor for decision‐making in the CPF‐RPLO that allows for adaptability in choosing between modified RPO and modified LOA. Each population in CPF‐RPLO either chooses modified RPO or modified LOA for optimal resource allocation. This optimization process considers parameters such as path loss and throughput. To achieve the goal of maximizing average throughput utility while maintaining network stability, restrictions on these characteristics are imposed. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is demonstrated by theoretical analysis and simulation results, taking into account assumptions about network stability.
Quinoid Carbene Mediated C(sp2)‐Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Cheng Hongying , Wang XiaoKun , Tan Kai , Ren Xiaoyu , Guo Zhen , Wang Chengming , Zhou Cong‐Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractC(sp2)‐heteroatom bonds play a critical role in biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Traditional methods for synthesizing these bonds often rely on transition metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, such as the Buchwald‐Hartwig and Ullmann reactions, which have limitations, including the requirement for elevated temperature and basic conditions. In recent years, diazo quinones have emerged as promising reagents for C(sp2)‐heteroatom bond formation due to their unique structural and reactive properties, which include high electrophilicity and a tendency toward aromatization. This review highlights recent advances in the use of quinoid carbenes, derived from diazo quinones, for the construction of C(sp2)−N, C(sp2)−O, and C(sp2)−S bonds. Key methodologies discussed include rhodium‐, iridium‐, ruthenium‐ and palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, heteroatom‐H bond insertion reactions, migration reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements. These methods offer mild, functional group‐tolerant alternatives to traditional approaches, showcasing their utility in the synthesis of complex bioactive molecules, medicinally relevant compounds, and materials.
Burst Safety Analysis of Strengthened FeCrAl Claddings in APR1400 Fuel Rods Subject to LOCA Conditions
Authors: Ubaid Jabir , Alaleeli Maithah , Yi Yongsun , Alameri Saeed A. , Schiffer Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBecause of their greater accident tolerance, iron‐chromium‐aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys hold great promise for applications in nuclear fuel claddings. Here, a finite element‐based computational framework is developed to analyze the thermomechanical performance of APR1400 fuel rods with FeCrAl claddings subjected to a typical LOCA condition preceded by 4 years of normal operation. The effect of enhancements in the yield and ultimate strength of FeCrAl on the burst safety of fuel rods is evaluated for various choices of pellet diameters and cladding thicknesses. The pellet diameter is increased by reducing the cladding thickness and/or the pellet‐clad gap thickness with the intention of compensating for the additional neutronic penalty of FeCrAl in comparison to the conventional Zircaloy. It is found that a reduction of the pellet‐clad gap thickness from 83 to 50 μm can increase the cladding's burst safety by up to 35%. Additionally, strengthening FeCrAl alloys has significantly improved cladding performance under LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) conditions. Specifically, an 80% enhancement in the yield and ultimate strength has been shown to improve the cladding burst safety by 80%. The findings of this study suggest that improved material properties and geometric modifications can significantly improve the burst safety of FeCrAl‐based ATF systems, which is an important consideration for their practical implementation.
Analysis of Influence of Control Valve Structure on Fuel Injection Performance of an Injector
Authors: Yue Yifan , Zou Run , Li Liangyu , Su Tiexiong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOn the basis of the structure of the traditional electromagnetic injector, this paper proposes a new type of electromagnetic injector structure by changing the opening mode of the control valve. Taking the fuel injection consistency and response time as the evaluation indexes, a one‐dimensional simulation model was established to compare the fuel injection performance of the traditional electromagnetic injector and the new electromagnetic injector. For the new electromagnetic injector, the structural parameters of the control valve were optimized by orthogonal analysis. The results show that: compared with the traditional electromagnetic injector, the new electromagnetic injector had better multicylinder fuel injection consistency and more stable fuel injection quantity, but the opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were increased by 30.77%, 11.14%, 33.46%, and 0.44%, respectively. The closing time was decreased by 8.55%, which was due to the change in the force and motion of the control valve body. After optimization, the response delay time of the injector was decreased and the fuel injection consistency became better. The opening delay, opening time, closing delay, and injection duration were decreased by 10.08%, 10.03%, 14.72%, and 4.57%, respectively; the closing time was increased by 3.42%. The average injection volume was decreased by 5.57%, and the variance value of fuel injection volume was decreased by 41.03%.
A Probabilistic Routing Algorithm Based on CNN and Q‐Learning for Vehicular Edge Network
Authors: Ma Huahong , You Jingyun , Wu Honghai , Xing Ling , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVehicular edge networks represent a novel architecture that utilizes vehicles as mobile edge nodes, characterized by high‐speed dynamic changes. To effectively transmit data in vehicular edge networks, opportunistic routing methods can be employed, selecting suitable relay nodes based on encounter opportunities between nodes. Although existing opportunistic routing algorithms primarily select the optimal transmission path based on the encounter characteristics between nodes, the dynamism of network topology, the uncertainty of node mobility, and the heterogeneity between nodes still pose significant challenges to the implementation of opportunistic routing. In response to this, we propose a probabilistic routing algorithm based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Q‐learning, named PRCQ. This algorithm predicts node state transition probabilities using decomposed latent node features and dynamically adjusts optimal routing strategies using Q‐learning. Extensive simulations were conducted on the NS‐2.35 simulator based on two different city scenarios to evaluate the performance of the PRCQ algorithm compared to other existing algorithms. The results indicate that, compared with other existing opportunistic routing algorithms, PRCQ exhibits superior performance in terms of average transmission delay and packet delivery ratio.
Recent Perspectives on Anticancer Potential of Coumarin Against Different Human Malignancies: An Updated Review
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Perween Asfa , Momal Ushna , Imran Muhammad , Ul Hassan Muhammad Hammad , Naeem Hammad , Mujtaba Ahmed , Hussain Muzzamal , Alsagaby Suliman A. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Abdelgawad Mohamed A. , El‐Ghorab Ahmed H. , Selim Samy , Mostafa Ehab M. , Al Jbawi Entessar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoumarins, a group of naturally occurring compounds, have been reported to demonstrate anticancer potential. These substances, distinguished by their combined benzene and α‐pyrone rings, have been demonstrated to impact multiple cellular mechanisms essential for the initiation and advancement of cancer. These agents work in different ways that prevent different tumor cells from growing, spreading, and increasing. One of the main anticancer mechanisms of coumarin act is killing cancer cells through apoptosis. This includes changes to pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins like Bcl‐2 and Bax, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the activation of caspases. The tumor suppressor protein p53's expression has been discovered to be upregulated by coumarins such as esculetin and imperatorin, which encourage interrupted cell cycle and death. Additionally, coumarin has anti‐angiogenic qualities, which are critical for the development and spread of tumors. It can slow the development of new blood vessels that feed tumors by inhibiting the “vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)” route of signaling. Coumarins inhibit the number of signaling pathways that are vital for cell division. For example, they can suppress the “PI3K/mTOR” pathway, which usually impairs the cancer cells and results in decreased cell viability and growth. Finally, coumarins could modulate the response of the immune system to cancerous cells. They have the ability to boost the activity of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which aid the immune system in identifying and eliminating cancer cells. Through a variety of mechanisms, such as immune response regulation, angiogenesis reduction, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis activation, coumarins exhibit their anticancer effects. These molecular pathways demonstrate coumarins' potential as an interesting option for the development of novel anticancer treatments. More studies are needed to completely understand their modes of action and maximize their therapeutic efficacy.
Nutritional, Antibacterial and Thrombolytic Prospects of Freshwater Paludomas conica Protein Hydrolysate and Its Anti‐Inflammatory Potential in LPS‐Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
Authors: Siddique Tanvir Ahmed , Rafi Khalid Juhani , Akter Sumaiya , Bithy Farhana Yesmin , Aktar Rasheda , Khan Asif Nadim , Majid Mumtahina , Sultana Farjana , Saha Srabonti , Ahmed A. M. Abu , Rahman Atiar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChronic inflammation and heme‐iron overload can result from bacterial hemolysis. Along with the synthetic drugs, numerous traditional and functional food approaches are equally trialed to eradicate the problem. As a prospective new source of dietary protein hydrolysates, freshwater mollusks (Paludomas conica) have recently drawn huge interest from researchers. In this research, protein hydrolysate (PhPC) of Paludomas conica, prepared by the enzyme digestion method, was analyzed for proximate nutritional and minerals contents and deciphered its suppressive effects on inflammatory gene expression in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The inhibitory action of protein denaturation is also unfolded with established in vitro and in vivo models. Anti‐hemolytic, antibacterial, and thrombolytic effects of PhPC were respectively assessed by H2O2‐induced hemolysis of RBCs, the disc diffusion method, and the clot lysis method. The proximate nutritional and mineral contents of PhPC revealed it to be an enriched source of nutrients, crude protein, carbohydrates, Calcium, and Magnesium. Heavy metals were found to be within the prescribed limit. The PhPC suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes, including COX‐2, iNOS, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1, multifold in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The inhibition concentrations (IC50) of PhPC in the bovine serum albumin denaturation inhibition test and membrane stabilization tests were 431.39 and 285.25 μg/mL, respectively. The PhPC was discerned to be active against Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella dysenteriae; its maximum thrombolytic effect was displayed to be 23.72% ± 2.71%. The findings demonstrate that the nutritionally enriched PhPC could be affirmed as an exciting invertebrate anti‐inflammatory agent Extending other biological functions needs to be further characterized with its pure protein or protein products.
Formulating network revenue optimization for provisioning tactile internet traffic
Authors: Lumbantoruan Deni , Wang Yantong , Mihailovic Andrej , Aghvami Hamid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTactile traffic, crucial for applications like remote surgery, imposes strict requirements on delay, jitter, and packet loss. For ensuring guaranteed transport of tactile sessions, the provision of a dedicated tactile traffic class in the access network is necessary. Unlike high‐priority traffic classes that can tolerate occasional service lapses, tactile traffic cannot compromise on quality. To support tactile traffic in realistic‐sized internet protocol (IP) access networks, the simultaneous provisioning of tactile traffic between all source‐destination pairs is addressed. Tactile traffic sessions that we consider have a modest data rate requirement and sessions size. Therefore, network operators need to find the right balance between tactile and best‐effort traffic to increase revenue. This optimization problem is formulated as a network layer multi‐criterion design problem, aiming to maximize net revenue from tactile traffic while optimizing a similar measure for best‐effort traffic. Linear optimization models prove useful in accommodating and facilitating tactile internet traffic in an IP network, allowing determination of the proportion of tactile and best‐effort traffic that leads to maximum network revenue.