bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Scale Applicability Analysis of Three Ecological Network Construction Methods in Resilience Assessment
Authors: Huang Xinyuan , Wang Xiyu , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Mengxian , Chen Shensheng , Xu Bin , Nie Wenbin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic interference causes ecological fragmentation and vulnerability, weakening urban ecosystems' adaptive capacity. The ecological network is based on the principles of landscape ecology, connecting resource patches through linear corridors to protect biodiversity and landscape integrity, enhance environmental carrying capacity, and improve ecosystem resilience. However, current research on ecological network resilience often relies on single methods and scales, overlooking the potential discrepancies between different approaches and scales. This study uses Zhejiang to construct ecological networks with structural, functional, and integrated approaches at provincial, urban agglomeration, and city levels. The performance of these methods in protecting structure, maintaining function, and ensuring overall resilience was compared, yielding the following results: First, the spatial output consistency of source areas across different scales for the three methods ranged from 50.48% to 97.81%. Second, the integrated approach was not optimal for all three resilience goals. The structure‐oriented method demonstrated cross‐scale applicability for the structural resilience goal, while the function‐oriented strategy performed well in maintaining functional and overall resilience. Third, the scale analysis showed consistency in results at the provincial and urban agglomeration levels when meeting the same objectives, but discrepancies at the city level. By expanding the methodologies and scale perspectives in the field of ecological network resilience, this study assesses the applicability of different scales and methods for ecological network resilience. It was found that integrated methods do not always effectively coordinate multiple protection objectives; thus, large‐scale strategies cannot be directly applied at smaller scales in practical applications. This study proposes and validates a multi‐scale, multi‐method framework for assessing the resilience of ecological networks. It reveals the potential differences between scales and methods, providing valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for future research on ecological network resilience, particularly regarding the applicability of methods at different scales.
Dual Jones Matrices Empowered Six Phase Channels Modulation with Single‐Layer Monoatomic Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Mu Xinyang , Song Helun , Yu Yefeng , Zhang Ruirui , Zou Yonggang , Geng Zihan , Wang Mingdi , Chen Linghu , Sun Yunfei , Tong Xiaogang , Song Qinghua , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA comprehensive manipulation of the Jones matrix phase channels is crucial for enhancing the information capacity and security of the metasurface. However, a single‐layer planar metasurface, without the incorporation of chirality, can only achieve a maximum of three independent phase channels for single Jones matrix under either linear or circular polarization bases. Here, an effective strategy is proposed that utilizes dual Jones matrices in different polarization bases with a single‐layer monoatomic metasurface, thus extending the number of independent phase channels to six. To encode six holographic images into these six phase channels, a three‐step gradient descent algorithm is introduced. As a proof of principle, a metasurface consisting of arrays of monoatomic dielectric structure is designed and fabricated in each unit cell, which exhibits six independent holographic images in the far field. The demonstrated metasurface platform is expected to open up new possibilities for the development of optical devices for applications in high‐capacity information storage, high‐security encrypted communication, and high‐solution optical displays.
Probing Spatial Proximities Between Protons of Collagen Protein in Native Bone Using 2D 1H Multiple Quantum Experiments Under Fast MAS NMR
Authors: Patra Bijaylaxmi , Agarwal Vipin , Nishiyama Yusuke , Sinha Neeraj 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy, fast magic angle spinning (MAS) is a potent technique that efficiently reduces line broadening and makes it possible to probe structural details of biological systems in high resolution. However, its utilization in studying complex heterogeneous biomaterials such as bone in their native state has been limited. The present study has demonstrated the feasibility of acquiring two‐dimensional (2D) 1H‐1H correlation spectra for native bone using multiple‐quantum/single‐quantum correlation experiments (MQ/SQ) at fast MAS (70 kHz). This method uncovered distinct 1H–1H dipolar coupling networks involving long‐chain charged residues of collagen protein, highlighting their role in maintaining the stability of the collagen triple helix. Our study opens up new avenues for 1H‐detected multi‐quantum‐based experiments at fast MAS on native collagen‐containing biological systems to explore their complex heterogeneous structural details more efficiently.
Transitioning From Nusinersen to Risdiplam for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Clinical Practice: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Bekircan‐Kurt Can Ebru , Subramanian Sharmada , Chagat Shannon , Mackenzie Samuel J. , Iammarino Megan , Reash Natalie , Richardson Carson , Tsao Chang‐Yong , Noritz Garey , Gushue Courtney , Kotha Kavitha , Paul Grace , Shell Richard , Alfano Lindsay N. , Lowes Linda P. , Connolly Anne M. , Waldrop Megan A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNusinersen and risdiplam are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved treatments for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). No head‐to‐head clinical trials to assess efficacy exist. Observational studies are needed to determine if transitioning to risdiplam is safe and efficacious.MethodsThis retrospective study at Nationwide Children's Hospital included individuals with SMA treated with nusinersen who switched to risdiplam. Motor, pulmonary and bulbar function were assessed before and 2 years after nusinersen and risdiplam initiation.ResultsForty‐four individuals were included: 11 with SMA type 1, 25 with SMA type 2 and 8 with SMA type 3. Motor function improved after initiation of nusinersen treatment with the most significant improvements seen in the first year. After transition to risdiplam, motor function remained largely stable. Need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) overnight occurred in both groups. Cough peak flow significantly improved in the risdiplam group. Hospitalizations were the same in both groups. One individual in the nusinersen group gained the ability to take some food by mouth; two individuals in the risdiplam group achieved some oral feeding and two became exclusively orally fed.ConclusionsAs expected, motor function was most improved in treatment naïve individuals in the first year after nusinersen initiation. Over half of our study population had posterior spinal fusion surgery (57%) which significantly impacted motor and respiratory outcomes, though slightly less so in the risdiplam group. Overall, our data demonstrates that transitioning from nusinersen to risdiplam is associated with a favorable safety profile and stable motor outcomes.
Individualized Dosing of Efgartigimod in Patients With Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Clinical Experience at a Single Center
Authors: Silvestri Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsNeonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors represent a promising treatment option for patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG); however, data on clinical use are limited. The aim of this report is to describe one center's approach to efgartigimod dosing in patients with gMG.MethodsMedical records of patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive (AChR‐Ab+) gMG whose symptoms were not adequately controlled by oral medications and/or intravenous immunoglobulin who received efgartigimod between January 2022 and January 2024 were retrospectively evaluated. The first three efgartigimod cycles (10 mg/kg IV) were initiated at fixed intervals (4 once‐weekly infusions, with 4 weeks between cycles). After the third cycle, initiation of subsequent treatment cycles and time between cycles were determined individually by clinical evaluation. Effectiveness was measured by the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) scale. Adverse events and changes to concomitant therapies were monitored.ResultsNineteen patients were included and received a mean of 4.4 efgartigimod cycles, including two patients who discontinued after two cycles. All patients exhibited a clinically meaningful improvement in MG‐ADL total score from baseline to the end of the last cycle, with a mean improvement of 5.8 points. Seven (37%) patients achieved minimal symptom expression (MSE, MG‐ADL 0–1). From baseline to the end of the last cycle, daily prednisone dose was decreased or it was discontinued, while two patients initiated prednisone. Efgartigimod was generally well tolerated.DiscussionThis approach to efgartigimod dosing resulted in substantial MG‐ADL score improvement in these patients with AChR‐Ab+ gMG as well as reduced daily dose and/or discontinuation of concomitant corticosteroids.
Auf der Suche nach einer Markierung
Authors: Heimann Rebekka , Gromm Liesa , Asmis Knut R. , Zeitler Kirsten , Sälker Jannik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWie bekommen Schüler:innen ein realistisches Bild vom typischen Arbeitsalltag chemisch Forschender? Am besten, indem sie eigene kleine Forschungsprojekte bearbeiten und Forschende nicht nur kennenlernen, sondern auch erfahren, was diese tun und was sie dazu motiviert.
GDCh‐Photochemie‐Tagung in Mainz
Authors: Kerzig Christoph 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMitte September 2024 fand in Mainz die 29. Tagung der GDCh‐Fachgruppe Photochemie statt. An der dreitägigen Veranstaltung nahmen 192 Personen von Universitäten, Forschungsinstituten und aus der Industrie teil, um Resultate vorzustellen und über Entwicklungen der Photochemie zu diskutieren.
Toward a Framework for Understanding Localization in Its Institutional Context: A Systems Perspective for Incorporating Local Values
Authors: Brinkerhoff Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how we might integrate local traditional values into a systems approach for analyzing and maximizing localization in the context of foreign aid. The paper situates localization and its operationalization in the older and broader literature on the political economy of foreign aid. This political economy has led to a techno‐operational approach to localization, rather than a transformative one that would be more consistent with decolonizing aid. I adapt an earlier framework on the important role of identity and mutuality in maximizing the benefits of collaboration and partnerships to account for local values in giving, most notably reciprocity. A detailed example illustrates the potential for localization when the aid relationship privileges identity, and when reciprocity is facilitated within a system of institutional relationships. The analysis suggests several implications for institutional actors who want to promote localization and support transformative development. The proposed framework can be used to map aid interventions in a system of institutional relationships, changing the unit of analysis from a singular intervention to a system, which may combine different types of relationships that, together, can support localization that privileges local values, perspectives, and capacity.
Impact of Hospital Volume on Survival for Pediatric Wilms Tumor
Authors: Chidiac Charbel , Liu Olivia , Phan Paul , Khvatova Elizabeth , Pratilas Christine A. , Kunisaki Shaun M. , Slidell Mark B. , Rhee Daniel S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTreatment for children with Wilms tumor (WT) is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. High‐volume hospitals (HVH) have been associated with improved outcomes in cancer care. Our study evaluates the association of hospital volume and survival outcomes in pediatric WT management.ProcedurePatients ≤18 years undergoing surgery for WT were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004–2020). A restricted cubic spline model assessed the association between hospital volume and 5‐year survival. An extrapolated hospital volume cutoff was validated through Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression and applied to compare demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment differences between HVH and low‐volume hospitals (LVH).ResultsAmong 3424 patients, higher hospital volume was associated with improved survival, with no additional survival benefit beyond three cases per year. Using this as a cutoff, 11/227 institutions qualified as HVH, treating 696 patients (20.3%). Kaplan–Meier analysis supported this cutoff, showing a higher 5‐year survival for HVH (95.5% vs. 93.1%, p = 0.024), while multivariable analysis associated HVH treatment with reduced mortality (aHR 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54–0.93). Compared to HVH, LVH‐treated patients were more likely to be Hispanic (14.0% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.002), live closer to the treating facility (29 vs. 39 km, p < 0.0001), have fewer bilateral tumors (5.7% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.03), and receive less frequent lymph node sampling (81.6% vs. 88.9%, p < 0.0001) and chemotherapy (90.4% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.003).ConclusionIn pediatric WT treatment, HVH treatment was associated with superior survival outcomes and greater adherence to lymph node sampling. To improve outcomes at LVH, additional training for clinicians at HVH could enhance guideline adherence and integrate effective practices.
Tribological behavior and compressive creep of PTFE/poly‐p‐hydroxybenzoate/fibrous wollastonite composites: The influence of hot‐pressing pressure
Authors: Rao Wei , Wei Gang , Deng Maoling , Zhang Xianyao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe introduction of poly‐p‐hydroxybenzoate (PHB) and fibrous wollastonite can effectively improve the comprehensive properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based composites, but its properties are significantly influenced by hot‐pressing pressure during sintering. In this article, PTFE/fibrous wollastonite/PHB composites were prepared by using different hot‐pressing pressures, that is, 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 MPa. The relationship between the morphology, compressive strength, creep deformation and tribological properties of PTFE composites and sintering pressure was investigated. The results indicated that the prepared composites had the lowest friction coefficient of 0.208, the smallest creep value of 0.061 mm and the largest compressive strength of 35.2 MPa, and a minimum wear rate of 0.11 × 10−6 mm3/N m when the hot‐pressing pressure was 40 MPa. It was found that appropriate hot‐pressing pressure applied during sintering process facilitated the penetration of polytetrafluoroethylene macromolecules in the molten state through the reinforcing filler network interface around PTFE resin domains and the entanglement of PTFE macromolecules separated by the reinforcing fillers, thus effectively improving the friction and wear properties and compressive creep resistance of PTFE/PHB/fibrous wollastonite composites.Highlights
Appropriate hot‐pressing pressure facilitated the better dispersion of fillers.
The worn surface and transfer film were examined to analyze wear mechanism.
Tribological and creep properties of the composites were noticeably improved.
Mental Health and Academic Performance in Adolescents: Elucidating the Role of Psychological Well‐Being and Psychological Distress. DADOS Study
Authors: Monzonís‐Carda Irene , Adelantado‐Renau Mireia , Beltran‐Valls Maria Reyes , Moliner‐Urdiales Diego 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAdolescents' mental health and academic performance are subjects of paramount interest. Previous studies have revealed a strong association between these constructs during school years. However, there is little evidence about the dual‐factor model of mental health, which includes a combination of psychological well‐being and distress indicators, and there is no clear consensus on the possible differences by sex. Therefore, the aims of this study were to analyze the association between the dual‐factor model of mental health and academic performance and to analyze sex differences in a sample of secondary school students. The sample was formed by a total of 265 adolescents (126 females) aged 13.9 ± 0.3 years old, from the DADOS study. Mental health status was self‐reported through the Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents. Academic performance was assessed through academic grades and the Test of Educational Ability. The findings showed that the emotional symptoms index was negatively associated with academic grades. Psychological well‐being was positively associated with academic grades, while psychological distress was negatively associated with academic grades, except for anxiety. Stratified analyses by sex showed largely similar results. These results expand the current knowledge, supporting the idea that promoting mental health during adolescence could help to enhance academic grades.
Short‐Term Oral Administration of the Porcupine Inhibitor, Wnt‐c59, Improves the Structural and Functional Features of Experimental HFpEF
Authors: Paul Mhairi A. , Wainwright Cherry L. , Hector Emma E. , Ryberg Erik , Leslie Stephen J. , Walsh Sarah K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for approximately 50% of heart failure cases globally, and this incidence is increasing due to extended lifespans and accumulating comorbidities. Emerging evidence suggests that Wnt signaling plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, which are key features of HFpEF. Furthermore, Porcupine (PORCN) inhibitors, which negatively regulate Wnt signaling, have shown promising results in improving cardiac function and reducing cardiac hypertrophy and/or fibrosis. This study investigated whether acute oral administration of the PORCN inhibitor, Wnt‐c59, alters the maladaptive structural and/or functional features in a mouse model of HFpEF. Male mice were given a high‐fat diet and L‐NAME (0.5 g L−1) in drinking water for 5 weeks, followed by a 2‐week intervention of orally administered Wnt‐c59 (5 mg kg−1 day−1). HFpEF mice were characterized by hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, although there was no evidence of activation of Wnt signaling in the heart. Despite this, short‐term treatment of HFpEF mice with Wnt‐c59 ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the ratio of the more compliant collagen type 3 to that of the more tensile collagen type 1 in the heart. Furthermore, Wnt‐c59 also improved diastolic dysfunction, which was associated with the increased cardiac expression of brain natriuretic peptide, a known promoter of ventricular compliance. Our findings demonstrate that even short‐term administration of a PORCN inhibitor improves both the structural and functional features of experimental HFpEF.
Alpine greening deciphered by forest stand and structure dynamics in advancing treelines of the southwestern European Alps
Authors: Bayle Arthur , Nicoud Baptiste , Mansons Jérôme , Francon Loïc , Corona Christophe , Choler Philippe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultidecadal time series of satellite observations, such as those from Landsat, offer the possibility to study trends in vegetation greenness at unprecedented spatial and temporal scales. Alpine ecosystems have exhibited large increases in vegetation greenness as seen from space; nevertheless, the ecological processes underlying alpine greening have rarely been investigated. Here, we used a unique dataset of forest stand and structure characteristics derived from manually orthorectified high‐resolution diachronic images (1983 and 2018), dendrochronology and LiDAR analysis to decipher the ecological processes underlying alpine greening in the southwestern French Alps, formerly identified as a hotspot of greening at the scale of the European Alps by previous studies. We found that most of the alpine greening in this area can be attributed to forest dynamics, including forest ingrowth and treeline upward shift. Furthermore, we showed that the magnitude of the greening was highest in pixels/areas where trees were first established at the beginning of the Landsat time series in the mid‐80s corresponding to a specific forest successional stage. In these pixels, we observe that trees from the first wave of establishment have grown between 1984 and 2023, while over the same period, younger trees established in forest gaps, leading to increases in both vertical and horizontal vegetation cover. This study provides an in‐depth description of the causal relationship between forest dynamics and greening, providing a unique example of how ecological processes translate into radiometric signals, while also paving the way for the study of large‐scale treeline dynamics using satellite remote sensing.
Impact of Teachers With Research Experiences: Student Gains in STEM Career Awareness, Perception of Value of STEM Learning, and Persistence in STEM Course Tasks
Authors: Keller John , Buxner Sanlyn , Donnelly‐Hermosillo Dermot , Bailey Elsa , Citkowicz Martyna , Horvath Larry , Moreno Dan , Yisak Melissa , Zhu Bo , Fulbeck Eleanor , Sessoms Deidre , Vokos Stamatis , Chen Charlotte , Pardo Max 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch Experiences for Teachers (RET) programs are a burgeoning approach to engage teachers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) research that they can translate into their K‐12 classrooms. Despite an increase in studies of RETs, there is a need for comparison of RET and non‐RET teachers' student outcomes. This mixed methods, quasi‐experimental comparison study, using a revised third‐generation activity theory framework, investigates how an RET program for preservice and early career STEM teachers impacted participating teachers and their students up to 8 years after RET participation. Specifically, we conducted a matched comparison of student achievement data from students of nine RET teachers versus many non‐RET comparison teachers within the same districts (n = 830–1132 students). We also investigated student and teacher perceptions of classroom practices through surveys (n = 576 students) and interviews (15 teacher interviews). Omnibus tests revealed no statistically significant differences by treatment in math or science achievement. However, students of the RET teachers reported stronger perceptions of STEM career awareness, greater value for learning STEM subjects, and a greater propensity to persist in STEM course tasks (three of the five constructs measured). This was consistent with teacher interview responses in which RET teachers spoke about STEM career awareness in a broader context for understanding the value of STEM in society, and also discussed struggles in research and attempts to bring this mindset to their students, which may have resulted in greater student engagement in their courses. Implications for teacher education and for supporting science and engineering practices in STEM classrooms are discussed along with recommendations for further research on the impacts of RET programs guided by a revised third‐generation activity theory framework informed by this work.