bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constant scalar curvature Kähler metrics on rational surfaces
Authors: Martinez‐Garcia Jesus 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider projective rational strong Calabi dream surfaces: projective smooth rational surfaces which admit a constant scalar curvature Kähler metric for every Kähler class. We show that there are only two such rational surfaces, namely the projective plane and the quadric surface. In particular, we show that all rational surfaces other than those two admit a destabilising slope test configuration for some polarisation, as introduced by Ross and Thomas. We further show that all Hirzebruch surfaces other than the quadric surface and all rational surfaces with Picard rank 3 do not admit a constant scalar curvature Kähler metric in any Kähler class.
MS‐based glycomics and glycoproteomics methods enabling isomeric characterization
Authors: Peng Wenjing , Gutierrez Reyes Cristian D. , Gautam Sakshi , Yu Aiying , Cho Byeong Gwan , Goli Mona , Donohoo Kaitlyn , Mondello Stefania , Kobeissy Firas , Mechref Yehia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGlycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. It mediates a wide range of biofunctions, including cell adhesion, cell communication, immune cell trafficking, and protein stability. Also, aberrant glycosylation has been associated with various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, immune deficiencies, congenital disorders, and cancers. The alterations in the distributions of glycan and glycopeptide isomers are involved in the development and progression of several human diseases. However, the microheterogeneity of glycosylation brings a great challenge to glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis, including the characterization of isomers. Over several decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to facilitate the characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a powerful tool utilized for glycomic and glycoproteomic isomeric analysis due to its high sensitivity and rich structural information using different fragmentation techniques. However, a comprehensive characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers remains a challenge when utilizing MS alone. Therefore, various separation methods, including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility, were developed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers before MS. These separation techniques were coupled to MS for a better identification and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Additionally, bioinformatic tools are essential for the automated processing of glycan and glycopeptide isomeric data to facilitate isomeric studies in biological cohorts. Here in this review, we discuss commonly employed MS‐based techniques, separation hyphenated MS methods, and software, facilitating the separation, identification, and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers.
Evaluating Target Levels of American White Pelican Abundance to Achieve Management Objectives for Adfluvial Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Brimmer Arnold F. , Watkins Carson J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent declines in abundance of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri in the upper Blackfoot River drainage in Idaho coincided with establishment of a nearby nesting colony and increased abundance of American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (hereafter, “pelicans”). Published pelican predation rates have been estimated to be as high as 70% on Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in the Blackfoot River. Consequently, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game established management objectives for pelicans of less than 350 breeding pairs or 700 adults. However, a thorough assessment has not been conducted to evaluate if the pelican abundance objective would reduce predation to an extent that would allow Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout to recover to levels that meet minimum objectives for abundance. A Bayesian state-space model that integrated survival and abundance data was used in this study to evaluate the effects of local pelican abundance on survival, abundance, and population growth rate of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout. Survival of both juvenile and adfluvial adult Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout decreased as pelican abundance increased, and there was a positive relationship between survival of both life stages and population growth rate. If the current management objective for abundance of 700 breeding pelicans was met, the probability of meeting or exceeding the Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout objective was 0.44 and declined substantially as simulated pelican abundance increased beyond 700. Results of this study suggest that if pelican abundance can be maintained at or below the current management objective, there is a reasonable chance of meeting the management objective for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout.
Psychometric properties of the Nepali language version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21)
Authors: Thapa Deependra Kaji , Visentin Denis , Kornhaber Rachel , Cleary Michelle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the psychometric properties of the Nepali language version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21).DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe DASS‐21 was administered (May–July 2019) among 794 randomly selected older adults aged ≥60 years. Factor structure was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Cronbach's alpha was calculated, and correlation analyses with quality of life evaluated convergent validity.ResultsExploratory factor analysis indicated that the 21 items loaded on three factors, with factor loadings ranging from 0.50–0.88. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a four‐factor model including the three subscales and an additional common 'general distress’ factor, which demonstrated a better overall fit. Good reliability was found for each subscale, with Cronbach's alphas 0.79 for Anxiety, 0.91 for Stress, and 0.93 for Depression. The Nepali language version of the DASS‐21 satisfied convergent validity with all subscales depicting significant negative correlations with quality of life demonstrating adequate psychometric properties.
Validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Humanism Scale Short Form: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Hyunjin , Seo Kawoun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Humanism Scale Short Form.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive design.MethodsThis study involved 191 nurses in Korea. Data were collected from 1 May to 30 June 2019. Bilingual nursing professionals translated the scale into Korean, and reverse translation was performed. Validity and reliability were assessed, and the correlation coefficients of the developed scale were compared with those of the Korean version of the Empathy Quotient Scale and Compassion Competence Scale to evaluate concurrent validity.ResultsExploratory factor analysis with 15 items showed that two factors (human equality and respect for human beings) explained 50.86% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.88. Thus, the scale has acceptable reliability and validity. Humanism measures can predict a nurse's approach to holistic care and provide fundamental data for developing programs to improve integrated caring capacities.
Differences in adolescent cerebral perfusion as a function of obesity: Results from the FLEX‐Brain study
Authors: Aghjayan Sarah L. , Stillman Chelsea M. , El Nokali Nermeen E. , Watt Jennifer C. , Richards Emily A. , Bertocci Michele A. , Erickson Kirk I. , Rofey Dana L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveChildren and adolescents have greater resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during periods of rapid brain growth. Overweight and obesity have a global impact on brain cerebrovascular health in adults, but whether these effects are discernable in adolescents with overweight and obesity remains unknown. This study examined differences in rCBF between adolescents with a healthy weight (HW) and adolescents with overweight or obesity (OW).MethodsThe current study focused on analyzing data from 58 participants (mean age = 15.43 [SD 1.37] years). Participants were classified into OW (n = 38) and HW groups (n = 20) according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s guidelines for children. Voxelwise t tests between the HW and OW groups were conducted to test for regional group differences in rCBF, controlling for age and sex. Mean rCBF was extracted from a gray matter mask to compare global rCBF between the HW and OW groups.ResultsThe HW group had greater rCBF compared with the OW group in five clusters, with peaks in the cerebellum, precentral gyrus, and supplementary motor area. No clusters survived correction for the OW > HW contrast. Global rCBF did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.09).ConclusionsThese results suggest that overweight and obesity in adolescence are associated with discernable reductions in blood flow to specific brain regions rather than having a global impact on rCBF.
Exploration of the role of nanoferrite load and particle size on the rheometric, mechanical, and dielectric properties of (Co0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4/NBR) nanocomposites
Authors: Agami W. R. , Aly M. Adel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpinel nanoferrite powder with chemical formula Co0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 was synthesized by sol–gel citrate method. Moreover, nanocomposites of (Co0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4/Nitrile butadiene rubber [NBR]) with different ferrite filler loads (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20, 25, and 30 phr) were prepared aiming to enhance more improvements of the mechanical and dielectric properties of NBR to be used in communication and data transmission applications. Different techniques (XRD, SEM, and TEM) were used to investigate the structural and morphological properties of the ferrite and (ferrite/NBR) nanocomposites. Several properties were measured: rheometric [maximum torque (MH), hardness, scorch (ts2) and cure (tc90) times, cure rate index (CRI)], mechanical [stress at yield (σB), stress at rupture (σR), Young's modulus (E)] and dielectric [electrical resistivity (ρac), real (ε′), and imaginary (ε″) parts of the dielectric constant]. The study concentrated on the effect of both nanoferrite concentration and particle size on the different investigated properties. Generally, the rheometric and mechanical properties were improved with increasing ferrite load while reduced with increasing its particle size. However, the dielectric constant showed an increase with increasing ferrite load as well as particle size. These results were explained according to the interaction between ferrite nanoparticles and rubber matrix.
Identification of potential pathogenic mutations in Chinese children with first branchial cleft anomalies detected by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Yang Yeran , Liu Wei , Jin Yaqiong , Chen Min , Lu Jie , Yu Yongbo , Ren Huimin , Han Shujing , Chu Ping , Guo Yongli , Zhang Jie , Ni Xin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTImportanceFirst branchial cleft anomalies (FBCAs) are rare congenital malformations, accounting for < 8% of all branchial cleft anomalies. However, little is currently known about the cause of FBCAs at the molecular level.ObjectiveTo identify genomic alterations related to the genetic etiology of FBCAs in Chinese children.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing of samples from 10 pediatric patients with FBCAs. Data analysis was carried out using the Burrow‐Wheeler Alignment software package, and the dbSNP database for comparisons. Rare variants were further validated by Sanger sequencing. Insertion/deletions (indels) were examined using the Genome Analysis Toolkit.ResultsWe identified 14 non‐synonymous mutations in seven potential FBCA‐susceptibility genes (TRAPPC12, NRP2, NPNT, SH3RF2, RHPN1, TENM4, and ARMCX4). We also detected 133 shared small indels in 125 genes. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that most of the identified genes played critical roles in development and differentiation pathways involved in regulating organ development.InterpretationWe characterized the mutational landscape in pathways involved in development and differentiation in Chinese children with FBCA. The results identified potential pathogenic genes and mutations related to FBCA, and provide molecular‐level support for the branchial theory of FBCA pathogenesis.
Primary cardiac CIC‐rearranged undifferentiated sarcoma in an infant
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yang Yeran , Guan Xiaoxing , Yao Xingfeng , Guo Yongli , He Lejian 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiac neoplasms are particularly rare in children, and the majority of these tumors are benign. Approximately 10% of cardiac neoplasms are malignant, including soft tissue sarcomas and lymphomas. Cardiac tumors could also be metastases. Primitive EWSR1‐negative round or spindle cell undifferentiated sarcoma harboring CIC gene translocation is a highly aggressive malignancy mainly occurring in soft tissues. However, it has not yet been described in the heart.Case presentationWe report a sarcoma that arose from the right ventricle in a 1‐year‐old girl. Histologically, it was composed of closely arranged small round or oval undifferentiated cells with fibrovascular separation, hyaline degeneration, and geographical necrosis. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells exhibited focal membrane positivity for CD99 and diffuse positivity for WT1 and ETV4. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed EWSR1‐negative but CIC‐positive split signals. The breakpoint was also confirmed by whole genome sequencing.ConclusionBased on morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings, this cardiac mass was diagnosed as CIC‐rearranged sarcoma.
Implementing layer of protection analysis in a global organization
Authors: Fargie Dave , Pearson Kathy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper will cover challenges and learnings from implementing layer of protection analysis (LOPA) in a Global organization. The challenges include a wide range of different processes, multiple functional organizations and different country guidance and regulations. The learning will include methods used for streamlining LOPA and communicating consistent LOPA guidance. LOPA is better used as a comparison tool than as an absolute measure of risk. For LOPA results to be comparable, common standards need to be used within the LOPA technique. The paper will cover some of the methods used to embed LOPA practices including: (1) Guidance using worked examples. (2) Templates for similar equipment. (3) Using an internal LOPA governance board to review complicated LOPAs. (4) Use of common software.(5) Strong interfaces between LOPA and safety instrumented function development.
Migration into food from closures of boxes made of recycled paperboard with an internal functional barrier
Authors: Biedermann Maurus , McCombie Gregor , Dubois Philippe , Lang Silvia , Harling Antje , Grob Koni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs an option to reduce migration from boxes of recycled paperboard into the packed food, it was proposed to apply a functional barrier layer to the internal surface of the paperboard. However, with most designs of the closures, flaps expose unprotected outer surface to the inside of the box, that is, migration may occur around the barrier, and the closures are not airtight. A pilot study provided first data on the contribution of the closures to the migration into the packed food during long‐term storage of a dry food like rice. Three closure designs were tested with the surrogates also used for determining barrier efficiency and applying the criterion that no more than 1% of the substances in the board should reach the food. Boxes were formed from paperboard with an efficient PET/PE barrier and spiked with surrogate substances. They were filled with rice and stored under various time/temperature conditions. Two closure designs represented those commonly observed for dry foods; the third avoided flaps reaching into the box by joining barrier surface against barrier surface. For the first two closure designs, migration into rice reached several per cent after just a few weeks. The third design resulted in clearly lower migration but still more than 1%. It is concluded that functional barriers on the internal surface of recycled paperboard may only reduce the migration below the proposed 1% criterion if specially designed closures are used.
Erasable Superconductivity in Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Induced by Voltage Pulse
Authors: Le Tian , Ye Qikai , Chen Chufan , Yin Lichang , Zhang Dongting , Wang Xiaozhi , Lu Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract3D topological insulators attract much attention due to their topologically protected Dirac surface states. Doping into topological insulators or their proximity with normal superconductors can promote the realization of topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions with potential applications in quantum computation. Here, an emergent superconductivity is observed in local mesoscopic point‐contacts on the topological insulator Bi2Se3 by applying a voltage pulse through the contacts, evidenced by the Andreev reflection peak in the point‐contact spectra and a visible resistance drop in the four‐probe electrical resistance measurements. More intriguingly, the superconductivity can be erased with thermal cycles by warming up to high temperatures (300 K) and induced again by the voltage pulse at the base temperature (1.9 K), suggesting a significance for designing new types of quantum devices. Nematic behavior is also observed in the superconducting state, similar to the case of CuxBi2Se3 as topological superconductor candidates.
Consistency between chromosomal status analysis of biopsied human blastocyst trophectoderm cells and whole blastocyst cells
Authors: Takahashi Harunori , Takahashi Kazumasa , Goto Mayumi , Hirakawa Takeo , Hasegawa Hisataka , Shitara Akihiro , Iwasawa Takuya , Togashi Kazue , Makino Kenichi , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Miura Hiroshi , Sato Wataru , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Terada Yukihiro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the consistency between results of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy performed on trophectoderm (TE) cells and remaining blastocyst cells.MethodsTE biopsy was performed on 29 surplus cryopreserved human blastocysts. Biopsy samples and remaining blastocysts were processed using the VeriSeq PGS kit, and chromosomal statuses were compared by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsDiscordance was observed in the chromosomal status of 11 out of 29 blastocysts between the biopsied TE and remaining blastocysts. Concordance was observed in 11 of 12 blastocysts classified as euploid by TE biopsy and in 7 of 17 blastocysts classified as aneuploid. There was 100% concordance (7/7) in cases diagnosed as aneuploid with no mosaicism by TE biopsy. However, discordance was observed in all 10 cases showing mosaicism or partial chromosomal abnormality.ConclusionChromosomal status analysis based on TE biopsy does not accurately reflect the chromosomal status of the whole blastocyst. The chromosomal status is usually the same between the TE and remaining blastocyst cells in cases diagnosed as euploid or aneuploid with no mosaicism. However, mosaic blastocysts and those with other types of structural rearrangements have a higher risk of inconsistency, warranting caution during embryo selection.
Sustainable development and invasive alien species: Implementation challenges of an EU regulation
Authors: Roman A. Iasmina , Mauerhofer Volker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) constitute a trans‐ and intracontinental challenge. With this article, we exemplify obstacles met during the implementation of the Regulation (EU) No. 1143/2014 against IAS and comparatively assess them through two case studies from two Member States, Austria and Romania, via qualitative content analysis. Challenges are identified, analyzed, and discussed based on interviews with stakeholders from both countries in the view of the three main intervention types within this Regulation: prevention, early detection, and rapid eradication and management. The obstacles, which the two Member States met, are related to creating, updating, and maintaining the Union List and to the distribution of competences, which influence the national and subnational cooperation and coordination. Financial resources, custom controls, national legislation, and awareness influence the implementation of the IAS Regulation too. This research contributes to improving knowledge about numerous details of the implementation and enforcement of this IAS‐Regulation to make them more feasible, not just for scientists, but also for decision‐ and policymakers, business owners, and other stakeholders.
How do higher education institutions promote sustainable development? A literature review
Authors: Berchin Issa Ibrahim , de Aguiar Dutra Ana Regina , Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigher education institutions (HEIs) have a fundamental role in transforming societies aimed at a more sustainable future. Through knowledge creation and dissemination, research, education and outreach, institutions of higher education lead the path towards sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to identify, based on a review of the literature, how HEIs promote sustainable development. An analysis of both international declarations and the scientific literature on education for sustainable development shows that emphasis is given to discussions on development, education, research, and training. This highlights the need for a stronger role of universities to promote sustainable development paths, expanding and disseminating knowledge, building capacity through training, and working with local communities to increase their resilience.
Single Zinc Atoms Anchored on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon Shell Cooperated with Magnetic Core as an Ultrawideband Microwave Absorber
Authors: Huang Mengqiu , Wang Lei , You Wenbin , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPolarization behaviors of no‐magnetic shell dominate the dielectric properties for core–shell magnetic‐carbon composites, which faces a huge challenge. Herein, a single atom‐doping strategy is established to adjust local electric potential in the metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived carbon shell. Benefiting from the confined transformation, single Zn atoms and N atoms are evenly distributed in the porous carbon shell using ZIF‐8 as a template. Dielectric assembled carbon layers with functionalized Fe3O4 core construct unique magnetic‐dielectric synergy system. The electromagnetic parameters of Fe3O4@Zn‐N‐Carbon composites can be modified by tuning the pod‐like Zn‐N‐doping carbon shell via repeating ZIF‐8 growth cycles. Surprisingly, the core–shell Fe3O4@Zn‐N‐Carbon exhibits superior microwave absorption (MA) performance both in the reflection loss ability and wide‐frequency responding feature. The reflection loss value of Fe3O4@Zn‐N‐Carbon microspheres reach −61.9 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth up to 11.5 GHz at only 2.5 mm thickness. The excellent MA mechanism is ascribed to following reasons. High‐density stacking Zn‐N doping carbon layers boost the interfacial polarization and plentiful Zn single atoms maximize the dipole polarization because of maximum atom utilization efficiency. Enhanced magnetic loss ability results from the compulsory magnetic coupling responding among Fe3O4 cores. Magnetic‐dielectric synergy of core–shell Fe3O4@Zn‐N‐Carbon microspheres can build ultrawide MA frequency.