bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on knowledge and attitudes towards molar-Incisor hypomineralization among undergraduate and postgraduate students in School of Stomatology, Wuhan University
Authors: Liu Yanchen , He Miao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental dental disease, and its clinical management challenges dentists. The study aimed to investigate the knowledge about MIH and attitudes towards learning more about MIH among undergraduate and postgraduate students in the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University.Methods: This survey was based on a questionnaire, modified based on previous studies. The questionnaire was sent to 540 undergraduate and postgraduate students from the School of Stomatology, Wuhan University. Questions covered clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management, and preferences for further training. Data were analyzed with the Chi-square test.Results: We collected 368 questionnaires (response rate: 68%). Among those, 89% (328/368) were eligible for analysis. Most respondents (80%) had heard of MIH, primarily from classroom teaching. However, only 40% of the students had observed the disease clinically, and a relatively low proportion of students were familiar with the etiology, incidence, differential diagnosis, and treatment of MIH. Most respondents were highly enthusiastic and had high expectations about further systematic teaching about MIH.Conclusion: Most students in this study had heard of MIH, but few were familiar with the principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Systematic teaching about MIH is warranted.
Potential limitations of diagnostic standard codes to distinguish polycythemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis: A retrospective case series
Authors: Barrios-Ruiz Alanna , Davila-Gonzalez Daniel , Fountain Eric , Verstovsek Srdan , Rojas-Hernandez Cristhiam , Cheng Lee 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Red cell overproduction is seen in polycythemia vera (PV), a bone marrow myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by trilinear cell proliferation (WBC, platelets), as well as in secondary erythrocytosis (SE), a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by elevated EPO gene transcription. We aimed to verify the concordance of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code-based diagnosis of “polycythemia” or “erythrocytosis” with the true clinical diagnosis of these conditions. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records (January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2016) of adult patients with ICD codes of polycythemia and/or erythrocytosis who had testing done for the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. We verified the accuracy of the ICD code-based diagnoses by meticulous chart review and established whether these patients fulfilled the criteria by the evaluating physician for PV or SE and according to diagnostic guidelines at that time. We identified and chart reviewed a total of 578 patient records. Remarkably, 11% of the patients had concurrent diagnosis codes for PV and SE and were unable to be classified appropriately without individual chart review. The ICD code-based diagnostic system led to misidentification in an important fraction of cases. This represents a problem for the detection of PV or SE cases by ICD-based registries and their derived studies. Research based exclusively on ICD codes could have a potential impact on patient care and public health, and limitations must be weighed when research findings are conveyed.
Formation of The Codon Degeneracy During Interdependent Development Between Metabolism And Replication
Authors: Li Dirson Jian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nirenberg’s genetic code chart shows a profound correspondence between codons and amino acids. The aim of this article is to try to explain the primordial formation of the codon degeneracy. It remains a puzzle how informative molecules arose from the supposed prebiotic random sequences. If introducing an initial driving force based on the relative stabilities of triplex base pairs, the prebiotic sequence evolution became innately nonrandom. Thus, the primordial assignment of the 64 codons to the 20 amino acids has been explained in detail according to base substitutions during the coevolution of tRNAs with aaRSs; meanwhile, the classification of aaRSs has also been explained.
A Risk-based Evaluation of Direct Displacement-based Design
Authors: Burg Luke van der , Kohrangi Mohsen , Bazzurro Paolo , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent seismic design approaches developed under the umbrella of performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) pursue pre-defined performance objectives in terms of structural response, economic losses, or casualties. The earlier PBEE methods were mainly concerned with the deterministic evaluation of performance at a single ground motion intensity level. This premise, however, provides little insight into the long-term risk-based performance of a structure, and limits the ability to make informed design decisions. Given the inherent sources of uncertainty in all aspects of seismic design, probability theory needs to be employed to enable reliable design solutions. However, applying a risk-oriented design approach is not currently feasible for most practitioners, making it essential to understand how the current deterministic applications of these intensity-based PBEE approaches perform in terms of risk. Specifically, the aim is to investigate the capability of the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method in producing reliable, risk-consistent designs. A probabilistic PBEE assessment framework is applied as the benchmark to determine the risk of exceeding performance objectives for multiple DDBD-based reinforced-concrete-wall and dual reinforced-concrete-wall/steel-frame buildings located at three different sites. The significant variation in the achieved risk estimates for the buildings considered questions the ability of DDBD—or any other intensity-based design method that does not account for uncertainty—to offer risk consistency.
Development, Analyze and Preclinical Evaluation of Inactivated Vaccine Candidate For Prevention of COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Onen Engin Alp , SONMEZ Kivilcim , YILDIRIM Funda , DEMİRCİ Elif kervancioglu , GUREL Aydin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundA novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in the Chinese capital Wuhan in 2019. Since late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been responsible for a global pandemic that has resulted in 205,338,159 confirmed cases of infection and 4,333,094 deaths as of August 11, 2021, according to the World Health Organization. Currently, there are no approved antiviral drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Several strategies to develop SARS-CoV-2 vaccines rely on different technologies such as DNA- and RNA-based formulations, recombinant subunits with viral particles, viral vectors, and purified inactivated viral formulations with or without adjuvant. MethodHere we report the development of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate and show that its efficacy and safety in preclinical studies warrant further clinical evaluation. For this purpose, a vaccine candidate was manufactured by using microcarrier based cell culture methods in a disposable wave bioreactor, purified by using ultrafiltration and multimodal chromatography system, and their effect and possible side effects on different doses were evaluated using qRT-PCR, Western Blotting, antigen ELISA, histopathology, serum neutralization test in Balb/c mice. ResultsMicrocarrier-based production in disposable wave bioreactors (SARTORIUS Biostat RM20, Germany) was very efficient for vaccine production. Each dose of the vaccine candidate contains about 340 –400 ng viral spike protein. TEM analysis verified the viral replication in VERO cells and showed intact, oval-shaped particles with diameters of 90 to 110 nm of the virus after the final purification step. The preliminary results in mice showed that the NtAb titers reached the peak post-priming and boosting in 21 days. The titers were respectively 1/ 595, 1 /791, and 1/1048 in 4, 6, and 10 μg groups. In transgenic ferrets, the inactivated vaccine doses were well tolerated in all dose groups with no vaccine-related serious adverse effects. ConclusionsIn conclusion, two different doses (4 and 6 micrograms) of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine administered twice were shown to be effective and safe in preclinical studies. All analytical studies have shown that the quality control parameters of the vaccine candidate meet the requirements for inactivated viral vaccines.
Long-Term Cardiac Assessment in a Sample of Adolescent-Onset Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Flamarique Itziar , Vidal Bárbara , Plana Maria Teresa , Andrés-Perpiñá Susana , Gárriz Miguel , Sánchez Paula , Pajuelo Carolina , Mont Lluis , Castro-Forniels Josefina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: High mortality rates have been reported in patients with anorexia nervosa, mainly due to cardiovascular alterations. The purpose of the present study was to assess cardiac structural and functional abnormalities some 20 years after initial treatment in a sample of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa (A-AN) and to compare them with matched healthy controls (HC). Methods: A sample of 29 women diagnosed and treated for AN during adolescence (A-AN) were assessed more than 20 years later. A complete cardiac evaluation was carried out including an electrocardiogram (ECG) and a standard 2D echocardiography. Thirty matched HC were also assessed. Results: In the A-AN group, four subjects had a body mass index lower than 18.5 and met full DSM 5 criteria for AN at follow-up (Low-Weight group). They were compared with the rest of the sample (n=25) who had normalized their weight (Normal-Weight group), though some still showed some eating disorder symptoms. Both groups were compared with the HC group. Subjects in the Low-Weight group presented statistically significant decreases in the left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrium dimensions and left ventricular mass in comparison with the Normal-Weight group and the HC. No other differences in cardiac parameters were found between groups. Conclusions Echocardiographic and ECG parameters of adults who had presented A-AN twenty years earlier and currently maintained normal weight were similar to those of HC who had never been treated or diagnosed with AN. Adult subjects with A-AN who still had low weight in the long term present certain cardiac abnormalities similar to those seen in short-lasting disease. More studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger sample.
A Fast Alternative to the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique
Authors: Chien Yu-Chuan , Liu Haidong , Menon Ashok , Brant William , Brandell Daniel , Lacey Matthew J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) has been regarded as the go-to method for determining the diffusion coefficients of Li-ions in insertion electrode materials at various states of charge (SoC). However, the method is notoriously time-consuming. In this work, the intermittent current interruption (ICI) method, which has previously been employed to investigate the progression of internal resistances in Li-ion cells, is demonstrated to provide comparably accurate measurements of diffusion coefficients with a drastically reduced experimental time. Theoretically, it is first derived from Fick’s laws that the ICI method renders essentially the same information as GITT. Experimentally, both GITT and ICI are then compared side-by-side in a three-electrode half-cell of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811). It is shown that the results from both methods match where the assumption of semi-infinite diffusion applies. Moreover, the benefit of the comparatively non-disruptive ICI method to operando characterization methods is demonstrated via correlation of changes in the continuously monitored diffusion coefficient of Li+ in NMC811 to structural changes in the material by operando X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Benadir Region, Somalia
Authors: Dirie Najib Isse , Adam Mohamed Hussein , Mohamoud Jamal Hasan , Mohamood Abdiaziz S. , Mohamed Ahmed A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Only little is known about the true extent of COVID-19 in Somalia. The study aims to assess the seroprevalence of the COVID- 19 pandemics in the Benadir region using SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and estimate the number of inhabitants infected with SARS- CoV-2.
Methods

Population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted to measure the seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the Benadir region (Mogadishu city). In the study, we enrolled 2500 Mogadishu city residents aged ≥18 years who did not receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
Results

The overall seroprevalence of IgG/IgM anti-SARS CoV- 2 antibodies was 44.8%. The seropositivity in females (56.6%) was higher than in males (46.2%). The trend in seropositivity increased with age; however, the variation was only significant in the age group 38-57 with an odds ratio and p-value of 4.11 (1.475-11.47), p=0.007. Families with >5 members (47.2%) were more likely to test positive than those <5 members (37%). Participants reported covid-19 symptoms during the pandemics or had contact with covid-19 patients have significantly increased IgG prevalence.
Conclusion

Participants with larger families, individuals working in the public sector, and students showed significant seropositive results. Therefore, precautionary measures should be heightened for individuals working in the public sector.
Determinants of Evidence Use by Frontline Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Staff in Selected Health Facilities in Ghana
Authors: Abekah-Nkrumah Gordon , Ottie-Boakye Doris , Ermel Johnson , Issiaka Sombié 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The current paper examines the level of use of evidence and factors affecting the use of evidence by frontline maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) and reproductive and child health (RCH) staff in practice decisions in selected health facilities in Ghana.
Methods

Data was collected from 509 respondents drawn from 44 health facilities in three regions in Ghana. Means were used to examine the level of use of evidence, whiles cross-tabulations and Partial least Squares-based regression were used to examine factors that influence the use of evidence in practice decisions by frontline MNCH/RCH staff.
Conclusion

We argue that any effort to improve the use of evidence by frontline MNCH/RC staff in practice decisions should focus on improving attitudes and knowledge of staff as well as challenges related to the structure of the organisation. Given however that the score for attitude was relatively high, emphases should be on knowledge and organizational structure in particular, which had the lowest score even though it has the single most important effect on the use of evidence.
Altered Intestinal Microbial Flora and Abnormal Metabolism in Chinese Patients With Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Shi Xiaohu , Li Zhaojun , Lin Weifeng , Hu Rongrong , Chen Gang , Li Xuemei , Lee Xuewang , Zhang Sen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome and related metabolites have been observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet their roles in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is poorly understood. Results: In this study, we describe the variation of intestinal bacteria and fecal metabolites in patients with IMN for the first time in Chinese population. Stool samples are collected from 41 IMN patients at the beginning of diagnosis confirmation and 41 gender and age matched healthy control (HC). Microbial communities are investigated by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and functional profiles predicted using Tax4Fun, and the correlation between intestinal bacteria and IMN clinical characteristics is also analyzed. Untargeted metabolomic analysis is performed to explore the relationship between colon’s microbiota and fecal metabolites. IMN gastrointestinal microbiota demonstrates lower richness and diversity compared to HC, and exhibits a marked taxonomic and inferred functional dysbiosis when compared to HC. Some genera are closely related to the clinical parameters, such as Citrobacter and Akkermansia. 20 characteristic microbial biomarkers are selected to establish a disease prediction model with a diagnostic accuracy of 93.53%. Fecal metabolomics shows that tryptophan metabolism is reduced in IMN patients but uremic toxin accumulation in feces is not noticeable. Fecal microbiota transplantation demonstrates that gut dysbiosis impairs gut permeability in microbiota-depleted mice and induces NOD-like receptor activation in kidneys. Conclusions: Clarifying the changes in intestinal microbiota in IMN patients will help further know the pathogenesis of this disease, and microbiota-targeted biomarkers will provide a potentially powerful tool for diagnosing and treating IMN.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Promotes Angiogenesis via Integrin β1/ERK1/2/HIF-1α/VEGF-A Signaling Pathway for off-the-shelf Breast Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wu Mian , Chen Lifeng , Qi Yuhan , Ci Hai , Mou Shan , Yang Jie , Yuan Qiaoyu , Yao Weiqi , Wang Zhenxing , Sun Jiaming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) based tissue engineered breast represent the visible future for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. However, autologous MSCs might not be appropriate for the large graft construction due to cell senescence during excessive cell expansion, thus hindering its further off-the-shelf application. As human umbilical cord stem cells (hUCMSCs) have been proved to be safe with low immune response and easily stored, they are ideal for off-the-shelf tissue engineering application. Here, we aim to explore the possibility of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as tissue-engineered breast seed cells. Methods: The allogenic hUCMSCs were injected into transplanted fat tissue with or without breast scaffolds as an alternative for breast tissue engineering in vivo, and its potential mechanism of angiogenesis in vitro was explored.Results: The hUCMSCs promoted proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through paracrine process by activating the integrin β1/ERK1/2/HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling pathway. Histological examination of grafted fat revealed that the group which received hUCMSCs transplantation had more fat tissue ((93.60±2.40) %) and less MAC2+CD206- M1 macrophages ((0.50±0.47) cells/field) compared to control group (fat tissue (45.42±5.96) and macrophage cells/field (5.00±2.23)). Moreover, the cell tracing dye labeled hUCMSCs were confirmed to differentiate into adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells in adipose tissue. Additionally, when applied to the tissue-engineered breast with scaffold, the group treat with hUCMSCs had more adipose tissues and CD31+ cells than the control group.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the role of allogeneic hUCMSCs in regenerating adipose tissue and may provide a new strategy to construct tissue engineered breast.
Factors influencing Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: De Roza Jacqueline Giovanna , Ng David Wei Liang , Mathew Blessy Koottappal , Jose Teena , Goh Ling Jia , Wang Chunyan , Soh Cindy Seok Chin , Goh Kar Cheng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundFalls in older adults is a common problem worldwide. Fear of falling (FoF) is a consequence of falls which has far-reaching implications including activity restriction, functional decline and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with FoF in a segment of Singapore’s community-dwelling older adults. MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of adults aged 65 and above from 4 primary care clinics from September 2020 to March 2021. Data were collected on demographic factors and clinical factors including history of falls and frailty as determined by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). FoF was measured using the Short Falls Efficacy Scale–International (Short FES-I), cut-off score of 14 and above indicated high FoF. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of high FoF.ResultsOut of 360 older adults, 78.1% were Chinese and 59.7% females. The mean age was 78.3 years and 76 (21.1%) had a history of falls in the past six months. Almost half (43.1%) were mildly to moderately frail and most (80.6%) had three or more chronic conditions. The mean FoF score was 15.5 (SD 5.97) and 60.8% reported high FoF. Logistic regression found that Malay ethnicity (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 1.77 – 19.13), use of walking aids (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.54 – 8.77) and increasing frailty were significant predictors for high FoF. The odds of high FoF were significantly higher in pre frail older adults (OR = 6.87, 95% CI = 2.66 – 17.37), mildly frail older adults (OR =18.58, 95% CI = 4.88 – 70.34) and moderately frail older adults (OR = 144.78, 95% CI = 13.86 – 1512.60).ConclusionsFoF is a prevalent and compelling issue in community-dwelling older adults, particularly those with frailty. The demographic and clinical factors identified in this study will be helpful to develop targeted and tailored interventions for FoF.
Differences in Gene Expression Between High- and Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Xu Jianhao , Wang Qian , Cao Fang , Deng Zhiyong , Gao Xiaojiao , Gu Tingting , Liu Tingting , Xu Song , Gan Wenjuan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The clinical presentations of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) differ. In this study, we aimed to identify the essential molecules for the diagnosis and prognosis of these OC subtypes.
Methods
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HGSOC and LGSOC were identified using three GEO series. The functional enrichment analysis was performed to investigate different biological processes and pathways. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed, and hub genes were screened to narrow the focus of the study. The discovered hub genes were frequently validated using prognostic correlation, co-expression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in GTEx, Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioportal, HPA, and other databases.
Results
In comparison with LGSOC, 79 upregulated genes and 85 downregulated genes were identified in HGSOC, and the biological roles of these genes were mostly centered on the cell cycle process and chromosomal segregation. Among the 10 hub genes chosen, BIRC5 was favorably linked with overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (p = 0.014), whereas RRM2 was negatively correlated with the ovarian cancer stage (p = 0.0251). In IHC studies, the intensity of BIRC5 expression in ovarian cancer was greater than that in normal ovarian tissues; however, RRM2 was not substantially expressed in either ovarian cancer tissues or normal ovarian tissues.
Conclusions
BIRC5 is a potential marker that can distinguish HGSOC from LGSOC, guide prognosis, and be utilized in clinical IHC.