bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Anodic and Cathodic Exfoliation of Graphite Electrodes in an Aqueous Solution of Inorganic Salt
Authors: Dalal Md. Habibullah , Lee Chong‐Yong , Wallace Gordon G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrochemical exfoliation of graphite offers a scalable and efficient approach to synthesise graphene nanomaterials. This process is commonly performed either anodically or cathodically, whereas simultaneous dual processes offer an attractive energy efficient means to produce graphene materials with tuneable properties. Here, we demonstrate a simple electro synthetic approach to produce graphene simultaneously from both a graphite anode and a graphite cathode in K2SO4 aqueous solution. Graphite exfoliation was facilitated by employing 0.5 M K2SO4 as an electrolyte at 10 V, where efficient exfoliation simultaneously occurs at graphite foils serving as both anode and cathode. The anodically exfoliated graphene has a high defect density (ID/IG=0.58) and higher degree of oxidation (C/O=11.36), in comparison to graphene produced at cathode having a lower defect density (ID/IG=0.06) and a low oxidation degree (C/O=31.68). The usage of aqueous solution for scalable and efficient concurrent‐dual electrochemical exfoliation of graphite electrodes will facilitate the development of large‐scale production of graphene.
Delineating Conformation Control in the Photophysical Behaviour of a Molecular Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Triad
Authors: Garain Bidhan Chandra , Das Shubhajit , Pati Swapan K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanochromic luminescent materials, exhibiting a change in luminescence behavior under external stimuli have emerged as one of the promising candidates for upcoming efficient OLEDs. Recently mechanochromic luminescence was reported in a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) triad featuring two phenothiazine units separated by a dibenzo[a,j]phenazine motif. The triad follows different emissive routes ranging from phosphorescence to TADF based on the conformational switching of the D units. In this article, we investigate such conformation‐dependent photophysical behavior of this triad through theoretical calculations. By analyzing the nature of ground state, excited state and factors determining the reverse ISC crossing rates associated with the relative orientation of the D and A units, we delineate the effect of the conformational changes on their photophysical properties. Our findings reveal that axial orientation of both the donor groups enhances the overlap between HOMO and LUMO leading to a large singlet‐triplet gap (
) which drives phosphorescence emission. On the contrary, the equatorial orientation of the donor groups minimizes
to facilitate rISC making the conformers TADF active. The role of several geometric factors affecting the photophysical properties of the conformers is also highlighted. Finally, we show how to regulate the population difference among the conformers by functionalizing the triad to harvest the maximum TADF efficiency.
Corporate social responsibility reporting in the food industry—Comparison of co‐operatives and investor‐owned dairies
Authors: Westerholz Hannah K. , Höhler Julia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a central issue in the dairy industry. While it is well established that each company in a chain contributes to that chain's CSR, the role of co‐operatives as a predominant organizational form has been understudied. Due to specific characteristics of co‐operatives, one may hypothesize that these member‐based dairies put a higher value on sustainability than investor‐owned dairy firms. No previous study deals explicitly with the contents of CSR reports in the dairy industry, differentiating between co‐operative and investor‐owned dairies. We adapt an existing set of criteria to examine CSR reports from 13 German dairies and complete the picture by analyzing their websites. A comparison of formal, quality‐related, and content‐related criteria suggests that co‐operative dairies report in a higher quality and more extensively about sustainability. The results provide first insights into organizational form‐specific differences in sustainability reporting. Our findings highlight areas in which dairy companies can become more sustainable.
Towards Highly Efficient Chalcopyrite Photocathodes for Water Splitting: The Use of Cocatalysts beyond Pt
Authors: Salomao Arthur Corrado , dos Santos Araujo Mileny , dos Santos Hugo Leandro Sousa , Medina Marina , Mascaro Lucia Helena , Andrade Junior Marcos Antonio Santana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSolar radiation is a renewable and clean energy source used in photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) to produce hydrogen gas as a powerful alternative to carbon‐based fuels. Semiconductors play a vital role in this approach, absorbing the incident solar photons and converting them into electrons and holes. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurs in the interface of the p‐type semiconductor that works as a photocathode in the PEC. Cu‐chalcopyrites such as Cu(In, Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) and CuIn(Se,S)2 (CIS) present excellent semiconductor characteristics for this purpose, but drawbacks as charge recombination, deficient chemical stability, and slow charge transfer kinetics, demanding improvements like the use of n‐type buffer layer, a protective layer, and a cocatalyst material. Concerning the last one, platinum (Pt) is the most efficient and stable material, but the high price due to its scarcity imposes the search for inexpensive and abundant alternative cocatalyst. The present Minireview highlighted the use of metal alloys, transition metal chalcogenides, and inorganic carbon‐based nanostructures as efficient alternative cocatalysts for HER in PEC.
A novel computer vision‐based assessment of neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with severe infection
Authors: Yang Yunxi , Liu Lu , Guo Zaiwen , Huang Jiamin , Li Linbin , Shao Yiming , Song Mingming , Yang Aixiang , Sun Bingwei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the value of chemotactic function of neutrophils in patients with severe infections.MethodsA computer vision‐based cellular chemotaxis analysis platform was established for the dynamic assessment of neutrophil chemotaxis. Fifty‐three patients in the intensive care unit were eligible for the study. In parallel, 142 healthy volunteers were recruited to detect and establish the normal values for chemotactic function. Four chemotactic function indicators were determined–chemotaxis distance (CD), chemotaxis cell ratio (CCR), chemotaxis index (CI) and maximum speed of chemotaxis (Vmax). The chemotaxis function scores (CFS) were calculated for further correlation analysis with clinical data.ResultsThe normal ranges of indicators were established as CD ≥ 1755.85 µm, CCR ≥ 3.34%, CI ≥ 39.63, Vmax ≥ 14.63 µm min−1 and CFS ≥ 15. We found that the chemotactic function of neutrophils in patients suffering from infections was significantly impaired. The mean values of CD, CCR, CI, Vmax and CFS were 1452.8 µm (P < 0.0001), 3.1% (P < 0.0001), 34.5 (P < 0.0001), 12.2 µm min−1 (P < 0.0001) and 9 (P < 0.0001), respectively. CD and CFS were significantly negatively correlated with the APACHE II score (rCD = −0.55, rCFS = −0.39), SOFA score (rCD = −0.68, rCFS = −0.56), procalcitonin concentration (rCD = −0.60, rCFS = −0.5) and the expression of P2RX1 (rCD = −0.76, rCFS = −0.56), respectively.ConclusionsCD, CCR, CI and Vmax can well reflect the neutrophil chemotactic function in patients with severe infections. CFS systematically indicated neutrophil function and has promising clinical application prospects.
Ausgangslage und Rahmenbedingungen für bezahlbaren Wohnraum: Baukostenentwicklung in Deutschland
Authors: Walberg Dietmar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDie Schaffung von bezahlbarem und sozialem Wohnraum in bedarfsgerechter Größenordnung ist weiterhin eine der größten Herausforderungen, die an Politik, Bau‐ und Wohnungswirtschaft derzeit gestellt ist. Die aktuellen Baukosten und Materialpreisentwicklungen gelten dabei als eine der Hürden für eine entsprechende Umsetzung in höherer Schlagzahl. Unter anderem gestiegene Qualitätsansprüche an die baulichen Standards, z. B. die Energieeffizienz und das barrierefreie Bauen, Kfz‐Stellplätze und weitere kommunale oder behördliche Auflagen sowie das innerstädtische Bauen mit seinen erhöhten logistischen Anforderungen, haben das kostengünstige Bauen in den letzten Jahren immer weiter erschwert.
Forschungskooperation zwischen DAfM und PRB
Authors: Purkert Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDer Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e. V. (DAfM) und die Initiative Praxisgerechte Regelwerke im Bauwesen (PRB) haben eine Forschungskooperation beschlossen. Im Rahmen eines von der PRB initiierten Forschungsvorhabens zur Bewertung der neuen Eurocode‐Generation wird sich der DAfM mit dem neuen Eurocode 6 befassen und damit den Teilbereich „Mauerwerksbau” abdecken. Konkret wurden vier Themenstellungen identifiziert, die einer genaueren Untersuchung bedürfen. Diese vier Teilprojekte werden im folgenden Beitrag kurz vorgestellt.
Aufbau und Weiterentwicklung des Deutschen Ausschusses für Mauerwerk
Authors: Brehm Eric , Rast Ronald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAm 30.01.2018 wurde der Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e. V. – kurz DAfM – in Berlin von 30 Mitgliedern gegründet. Erklärtes Ziel war, den DAfM zum Kompetenzzentrum und Forschungspool für den Mauerwerksbau in Deutschland zu entwickeln.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma presenting in a voided urine cytology specimen: Case report
Authors: Betancourt Renée L. , Samulski Danielle Teresa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThough the primary diagnostic utility of urine cytology is in the detection of high grade urothelial carcinoma, malignancies other than those of urinary tract origin may also be present. Direct invasion of the bladder by an adjacent neoplasm, metastasis from a distant primary, or inadvertent contamination during specimen collection may all result in nonurothelial tumor cells being present in a urine cytology specimen. Here, we report a case of endometrial adenocarcinoma that was first identified in a voided urine specimen collected for the routine evaluation of hematuria. The presence of cohesive clusters with apparent glandular differentiation raised the possibility of a nonurothelial neoplasm and prompted an additional workup. Immunohistochemical stains performed on cell block material demonstrated that the glandular cells were positive for PAX8 and negative for GATA3, suggestive of gynecologic origin. A subsequent endometrial curettage and hysterectomy revealed endometrial adenocarcinoma. When faced with papillary groups in a voided urine specimen, the cytopathologist must remember to consider a broad differential diagnosis to include malignancies outside of the urinary tract. It was our awareness of valuable clinical information and keen cytologic assessment which allowed for an accurate diagnosis in the setting of this unexpected finding.
Orally administered cannabidiol does not produce false‐positive tests for Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol on the Securetec DrugWipe® 5S or Dräger DrugTest® 5000
Authors: McCartney Danielle , Kevin Richard C. , Suraev Anastasia S. , Irwin Christopher , Grunstein Ronald R. , Hoyos Camilla M. , McGregor Iain S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany jurisdictions use point‐of‐collection (POC) oral fluid testing devices to identify driving under the influence of cannabis, indexed by the presence of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an intoxicating cannabinoid, in oral fluid. Although the use of the non‐intoxicating cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD), is not prohibited among drivers, it is unclear whether these devices can reliably distinguish between CBD and THC, which have similar chemical structures. This study determined whether orally administered CBD produces false‐positive tests for THC on standard, POC oral fluid testing devices. In a randomised, double‐blind, crossover design, healthy participants (n = 17) completed four treatment sessions involving the administration of either placebo or 15‐, 300‐ or 1500‐mg pure CBD in a high‐fat dietary supplement. Oral fluid was sampled, and the DrugWipe®‐5S (DW‐5S; 10 ng·ml−1 THC cut‐off) and Drug Test® 5000 (DT5000; 10 ng·mL−1 THC cut‐off) devices administered, at baseline (pretreatment) and ~20‐, ~145‐ and ~185‐min posttreatment. Oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations were measured using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) oral fluid CBD concentrations were highest at ~20 min, quantified as 0.4 (6.0), 15.8 (41.6) and 167 (233) ng·ml−1 on the 15‐, 300‐ and 1500‐mg CBD treatments, respectively. THC, cannabinol and cannabigerol were not detected in any samples. A total of 259 DW‐5S and 256 DT5000 tests were successfully completed, and no THC‐positive tests were observed. Orally administered CBD does not appear to produce false‐positive (or true‐positive) tests for THC on the DW‐5S and DT5000. The likelihood of an individual who is using a CBD (only) oral formulation being falsely accused of DUIC therefore appears low.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms moderate the relation between childhood sexual abuse and disordered eating in a community sample
Authors: Kiefer Reina , Goncharenko Svetlana , Contractor Ateka A. , DePina Maria Z. , Weiss Nicole H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious work has found clear associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and disordered eating in adulthood. However, further research is needed to clarify factors that may influence this relationship. The current study advanced existing research by examining the moderating influence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity in the association between CSA and disordered eating.MethodData were collected from 463 individuals with a history of sexual assault or other unwanted sexual experience(s) (Mage = 34.71, 54.9% women, 77.5% white) who were recruited from MTurk.ResultsResults indicated significant positive relations among CSA, PTSD symptom severity, and disordered eating. CSA was found to be associated with disordered eating at high, but not low, levels of PTSD symptom severity.DiscussionThis study highlights the importance of assessing disordered eating and PTSD symptoms in individuals who report a history of CSA. Clinicians aiming to reduce their patients' symptoms of disordered eating may benefit from considering the potential role of PTSD symptom severity as a barrier to achieving treatment gains.
Antibacterial and anatomical defenses in an oil contaminated, vulnerable seaduck
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Laursen Karsten , Izaguirre Jorge , Marzal Alfonso 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOil spills have killed thousands of birds during the last 100 years, but nonlethal effects of oil spills on birds remain poorly studied. We measured phenotype characters in 819 eidersSomateria mollissima(279 whole birds and 540 wings) of which 13.6% were oiled. We tested the hypotheses that (a) the morphology of eiders does not change due to oil contamination; (b) the anatomy of organs reflects the physiological reaction to contamination, for example, increase in metabolic demand, increase in food intake, and counteracting toxic effects of oil; (c) large locomotion apparatus that facilitates locomotion increases the risk of getting oiled; and (d) individual eiders with a higher production of secretions from the uropygial grand were more likely to have oil on their plumage. We tested whether 19 characters differed between oiled and nonoiled individuals, showing a consistent pattern. The final model retained seven predictor variables showing relationships between eiders contaminated with oil and food consumption, flight, and diving abilities. We tested whether these effects were due to differences in body condition, liver mass, empty gizzard mass, or other characters that could have been affected by impaired flight and diving ability. There was no evidence of such negative impact of oiling on eiders. We found that significant exposure to oil was associated with increased diversity of antibacterial defense. Oiled eiders did not constitute a random sample, and superior diving ability as reflected by large foot area was at a selective disadvantage during oil spills. Thus, specific characteristics predispose eiders to oiling, with an adaptation to swimming, diving, and flying being traded against the costs of oiling. In contrast, individuals with a high degree of physiological plasticity may experience an advantage because their uropygial secretions counteract the effects of oil contamination.
Guidance on the management of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider: executive summary
Authors: Ben Gal Tuvia , Ben Avraham Binyamin , Milicic Davor , Crespo‐Leiro Marisa G. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Rosano Giuseppe , Seferovic Petar , Ruschitzka Frank , Metra Marco , Anker Stefan , Filippatos Gerasimos , Altenberger Johann , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Barac Yaron D. , Chioncel Ovidiu , de Jonge Nicolaas , Elliston Jeremy , Frigerio Maria , Goncalvesova Eva , Gotsman Israel , Grupper Avishai , Hamdan Righab , Hammer Yoav , Hasin Tal , Hill Loreena , Itzhaki Ben Zadok Osnat , Abuhazira Miriam , Lavee Jacob , Mullens Wilfried , Nalbantgil Sanem , Piepoli Massimo F. , Ponikowski Piotr , Potena Luciano , Ristic Arsen , Ruhparwar Arjang , Shaul Aviv , Tops Laurens F. , Tsui Steven , Winnik Stephan , Jaarsma Tiny , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe accepted use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology as a good alternative for the treatment of patients with advanced heart failure together with the improved survival of patients on the device and the scarcity of donor hearts has significantly increased the population of LVAD supported patients. Device‐related, and patient–device interaction complications impose a significant burden on the medical system exceeding the capacity of LVAD implanting centres. The probability of an LVAD supported patient presenting with medical emergency to a local ambulance team, emergency department medical team and internal or surgical wards in a non‐LVAD implanting centre is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to supply the immediate tools needed by the non‐LVAD specialized physician — ambulance clinicians, emergency ward physicians, general cardiologists, and internists — to comply with the medical needs of this fast‐growing population of LVAD supported patients. The different issues discussed will follow the patient's pathway from the ambulance to the emergency department, and from the emergency department to the internal or surgical wards and eventually back to the general practitioner.
Identification of the Fc‐alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly‐Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport
Authors: Flowers Emily M. , Neely Harold R. , Guo Jacqueline , Almeida Tereza , Ohta Yuko , Castro Caitlin D. , Flajnik Martin F 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe polyimmunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) transcytoses J chain‐containing antibodies through mucosal epithelia. In mammals, two cis‐duplicates of PIGR, FCMR, and FCAMR, flank the PIGR gene. A PIGR duplication is first found in amphibians, previously annotated as PIGR2 (herein xlFCAMR), and is expressed by APCs. We demonstrate that xlFcamR is the equivalent of mammalian FcamR. It has been assumed that pIgR is the oldest member of this family, yet our data could not distinguish whether PIGR or FCAMR emerged first; however, FCMR was the last family member to emerge. Interestingly, bony fish “pIgR” is not an orthologue of tetrapod pIgR, and possibly acquired its function via convergent evolution. PIGR/FCAMR/FCMR are members of a larger superfamily, including TREM, CD300, and NKp44, which we name the “double‐disulfide Ig superfamily” (ddIgSF). Domains related to each ddIgSF family were identified in cartilaginous fish (sharks, chimeras) and encoded in a single gene cluster syntenic to the human pIgR locus. Thus, the ddIgSF families date back to the earliest antibody‐based adaptive immunity, but apparently not before. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the J chain arose in evolution only for Ig multimerization. This study provides a framework for further studies of pIgR and the ddIgSF in vertebrates.
Tandem Nenitzescu Reaction/Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution to Form Novel Pyrido Fused Indole Frameworks
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Bhatia Harshita , Prakash Prabhat , Debroye Elke , Dey Swapan , Dehaen Wim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract5‐Hydroxyindoles are privileged structures that form part of various bioactive compounds. The Nenitzescu reaction of quinones and enamines is one of the most powerful methods to obtain 5‐hydroxyindoles. In this work, we have applied the Nenitzescu reaction to 2‐(2‐chloropyrid‐3‐yl)benzoquinones. Mixtures of regioisomers were obtained that could be separated in the 4‐ and 6‐substituted analogues, and then cyclized separately in a metal‐free base‐catalyzed reaction, affording novel tetracyclic indole derivatives. These are indeed the first examples reported in the literature of the linear pyrido[3′,2′ : 4,5]furo[3,2‐b]indole and angular 1H‐pyrido[2′,3′ : 4,5]furo[2,3‐c]indole systems. The regioselectivity and the yield of the Nenitzescu reaction were found to be dependent on the N‐substituent at the enamine. Furthermore, we analyzed the UV‐Vis and PL spectra of the new systems, and this was supported by DFT calculations, allowing us to compare the properties of angular compared to linearly shaped compounds.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of a Hexapeptide by Fragment Coupling in a Ball Mill
Authors: Yeboue Yves , Rguioueg Nadia , Subra Gilles , Martinez Jean , Lamaty Frédéric , Métro Thomas‐Xavier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynthesis of long peptides is generally considered as a challenge to peptide chemists, in addition to producing significant amounts of toxic waste, such as DMF. Here we show that using solvent‐less methods, such as ball milling, enabled the production of the hexapeptide Boc‐(Ala‐Phe‐Gly)2‐OBn at the gram scale with high overall yield (77 %, 5 linear steps). This is the longest peptide chain synthesized in a ball mill to date, in which the amino acid sequence is precisely controlled. This study complements the current fundamental knowledge required to synthesize longer and more difficult peptide chains (or small proteins) by using peptide fragment couplings in a ball mill.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiocarbamates
Authors: Waibel Kevin A. , Barther Dennis , Malliaridou Triantafillia , Moatsou Dafni , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn efficient isocyanide‐based synthesis of S‐thiocarbamates was discovered and thoroughly investigated. The new reaction protocol is a one‐pot procedure and allows the direct conversion of N‐formamides into thiocarbamates by initial dehydration with p‐toluene sulfonyl chloride to the respective isocyanide and subsequent addition of a sulfoxide component. Contrary to recent literature, which also uses isocyanides as starting material, but with other sulfur reagents than sulfoxides, in this protocol, no isolation and purification of the isocyanide component is necessary, thus significantly decreasing the environmental impact and increasing the efficiency of the synthesis. The new protocol was applied to synthesize a library of sixteen thiocarbamates, applying four N‐formamides and four commercially available sulfoxides. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the reaction mechanism. Finally, four norbornene‐based thiocarbamate monomers were prepared and applied in controlled ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions. The polymers were characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and their properties were investigated utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).