bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design optimization of low‐damage self‐centering precast concrete frame connections to improve energy dissipation capacity
Authors: Li Yadong , Geng Fangfang , Ding Youliang , Wang Libin 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe low‐damage self‐centering precast concrete (LDSCPC) frame connection was a kind of earthquake‐resilient joint. It was composed of precast beams and columns with embedded steel connectors, post‐tensioned tendons, and replaceable metallic yield dampers. The LDSCPC connections showed excellent self‐centering ability and low‐damage characteristics in cyclic load tests. However, the energy dissipation performance of the metallic yield damper with Z‐shaped energy dissipation strips in the test was not as good as the design expectation. Based on the finite element (FE) model validated by experiments, a series of parametric analyses were carried out to investigate the influence of various parameters on the connections' hysteretic response. The results showed that the existence of screw‐hole clearance and the lack of bolt preload made the damper cannot fully play its due performance. The damper's design parameters also had room for further optimization. Based on this, two optimization schemes of the metallic yield damper were proposed. The FE analysis results showed that the two optimization schemes significantly improved the joints' bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity, which were the feasible and reliable upgrade schemes for LDSCPC connections.
A Series of new Urea‐MOFs Obtained via Post‐synthetic Modification of NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr): SO2, CO2 and H2O Sorption
Authors: Tannert Niels , Sun Yangyang , Hastürk Emrah , Nießing Sandra , Janiak Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe amino group in the MOF NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) was post‐synthetically converted into urea‐groups partially using either ethyl isocyanatoacetate, furfuryl isocyanate, p‐toluenesulfonyl isocyanate or 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate in acetonitrile. The derived four novel urea‐MOFs exhibit the expected lower BET surface areas and pore volumes than MIL‐101(Cr) and NH2‐MIL‐101(Cr) MOFs but the partially p‐toluenesulfonyl‐urea‐modified MOF exhibits an outstanding SO2 adsorption capacity of 823 cm3 g−1 (corresponding to 36.7 mmol g−1 or 70 wt.% at T=0 °C and 0.9 bar), which is the second highest SO2 uptake of any known material today – surprisingly even better than for highly porous MIL‐101(Cr) with an uptake of 645 cm3 g−1 SO2 under the same conditions. The high uptake is linked to the favorable dipole interactions of SO2 with the sulfonyl group of the p‐toluenesulfonyl‐modified MOF.
Just Societal Transformation: Perspectives of Pastoralists in the Lower Omo Valley in Ethiopia
Authors: Troeger Sabine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPastoralists’ livelihoods in Africa are highly endangered by adverse forces – the climate change being one among those. Against this background, climate change adaptation is conceptualized as strategic agency in the field of risk-laden livelihood environments, that is, agency in the face of risky options and non-calculable uncertainties.The chapter conceptualizes pastoralists’ livelihoods exposed to a four-fold hierarchy of environmental risks and forces defining the actors’ arena of strategic decision making: From the global scale of ever extending impacts by the climate change imperative, to the national scale of government policies in terms of decentralization, challenging people to govern and define their communal efforts in terms of climate change adaptation, and down to the regional scale, which in the presented case is dominated by a large-scale investment, the Kuraz Sugar Development Project, which again confronts local actors with adverse forces toward villagization and eviction from pasture grounds. Right at the end of this hierarchy and in accordance with discourses on “climate services,” the end-users and local actors, the pastoralists, are confronted with and offered a product that they can input into their decision making: cattle feed from the residues of the irrigated sugar cane. The question remains whether substantive aspects of processes turning into true environmental and social justice in terms of recognition, procedures, and distribution will be paid attention to.
Long-lived sterile neutrinos at the LHC in effective field theory
Authors: de Vries Jordy , Dreiner Herbert K. , Günther Julian Y. , Wang Zeren Simon , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the prospects of a displaced-vertex search of sterile neutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the framework of the neutrino-extended Standard Model Effective Field Theory (νSMEFT). The production and decay of sterile neutrinos can proceed via the standard active-sterile neutrino mixing in the weak current, as well as through higher-dimensional operators arising from decoupled new physics. If sterile neutrinos are long-lived, their decay can lead to displaced vertices which can be reconstructed. We investigate the search sensitivities for the ATLAS/CMS detector, the future far-detector experiments: AL3X, ANUBIS, CODEX-b, FASER, MATHUSLA, and MoEDAL-MAPP, and at the proposed fixed-target experiment SHiP. We study scenarios where sterile neutrinos are predominantly produced via rare charm and bottom mesons decays through minimal mixing and/or dimension-six operators in theνSMEFT Lagrangian. We perform simulations to determine the potential reach of high-luminosity LHC experiments in probing the EFT operators, finding that these experiments are very competitive with other searches.
Sum rules in the standard model effective field theory from helicity amplitudes
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Wang Lian-Tao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dispersion relation of an elastic 4-point amplitude in the forward direction leads to a sum rule that connects the low energy amplitude to the high energy observables. We perform a classification of these sum rules based on massless helicity amplitudes. With this classification, we are able to systematically write down the sum rules for the dimension-6 operators of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), some of which are absent in previous literatures. These sum rules offer distinct insights on the relations between the operator coefficients in the EFT and the properties of the full theory that generates them. Their applicability goes beyond tree level, and in some cases can be used as a practical method of computing the one loop contributions to low energy observables. They also provide an interesting perspective for understanding the custodial symmetries of the SM Higgs and fermion sectors.
Void formation in operator growth, entanglement, and unitarity
Authors: Liu Hong , Vardhan Shreya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The structure of the Heisenberg evolution of operators plays a key role in explaining diverse processes in quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we discuss a new universal feature of operator evolution: an operator can develop a void during its evolution, where its nontrivial parts become separated by a region of identity operators. Such processes are present in both integrable and chaotic systems, and are required by unitarity. We show that void formation has important implications for unitarity of entanglement growth and generation of mutual information and multipartite entanglement. We study explicitly the probability distributions of void formation in a number of unitary circuit models, and conjecture that in a quantum chaotic system the distribution is given by the one we find in random unitary circuits, which we refer to as the random void distribution. We also show that random unitary circuits lead to the same pattern of entanglement growth for multiple intervals as in (1 + 1)-dimensional holographic CFTs after a global quench, which can be used to argue that the random void distribution leads to maximal entanglement growth.
Pager-gestütztes Wartezeitmanagement in einer universitären HNO-Ambulanz
Authors: Vielsmeier V. , Brosig A. , Hauser A. , Bohr C. 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der Pandemie mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sollte überall auf ausreichend Abstand zwischen Personen geachtet werden, insbesondere auch in Wartebereichen medizinischer Versorgungseinrichtungen. Bei oftmals eingeschränkten räumlichen Kapazitäten ist dies jedoch nicht immer problemlos realisierbar.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir untersuchten die Möglichkeit, mittels eines Pagersystems den Patienten unserer HNO-Ambulanz eine Wartezeit außerhalb des eigentlichen Wartebereichs zu ermöglichen, um damit die Anzahl der Patienten im Wartebereich zu reduzieren, und die Einhaltung der Abstandsregeln zu gewährleisten.

Material und Methoden
In einer Zeitspanne von 12,5 Wochen (Beginn 04.06.2020, Ende 31.08.2020) erfolgte die Ausgabe von Pagern an die Patienten unserer HNO-Ambulanz. Teilnehmenden Patienten war es damit möglich, sich während der Wartezeit auf dem gesamten Klinikgelände frei zu bewegen. Der Pager wurde 10–15 min vor dem Termin aktiviert, und der Patient damit zurück in die HNO-Ambulanz gerufen. Mittels Fragebögen erfolgte eine Evaluation des Systems, um die Akzeptanz und Zufriedenheit der Patienten zu eruieren.

Ergebnisse
137 Fragebögen wurden analysiert, hierbei zeigte sich eine Zufriedenheit mit dem System – nicht nur, was die Einhaltung der Abstandsregeln betrifft, sondern auch bzgl. eines höheren Komforts während der Wartezeit.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Einführung eines Pagersystems für Patienten führt neben der Wahrung der Hygiene- und Abstandsregeln auch zu einer Erhöhung des Komforts während der (häufig nicht zu vermeidenden) Wartezeit für die Patienten in der universitären Ambulanz einer HNO-Klinik. Daher erscheint ein langfristiger Einsatz eines solchen Systems vielversprechend.
The Lieb–Thirring Inequality for Interacting Systems in Strong-Coupling Limit
Authors: Kögler Kevin , Nam Phan Thành 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider an analogue of the Lieb–Thirring inequality for quantum systems with homogeneous repulsive interaction potentials, but without the antisymmetry assumption on the wave functions. We show that in the strong-coupling limit, the Lieb–Thirring constant converges to the optimal constant of the one-body Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality without interaction.
Elevation of High‐sensitive Troponin T Predicts Mortality After Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kler Aaron , Dave Madhav , Baltatzis Minas , Satyadas Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpen pancreaticoduodenectomy has a high complication and measurable mortality rate. Recent reports (based across multiple surgical disciplines) demonstrate that elevated postoperative high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) predicts adverse outcomes in non‐cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative hsTnT as a prognostic marker of mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), post‐operative non‐cardiac complications and length of stay (including intensive care stay) in open pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsA retrospective review of open pancreaticoduodenectomy patients was undertaken from 01/10/2017–31/03/2019. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to identify ideal cut‐off values for hsTnT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to scrutinize the relationship between mean hsTnT and 30‐day, 90‐day mortality, MACE, post‐operative non‐cardiac complications and length of stay.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients were identified. ROC curves demonstrated a strong correlation between elevated mean hsTnT and 30‐day, 90‐day mortality and MACE (AUC = 0.937, AUC = 0.852, AUC = 0.779, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed mean hsTnT > 21 ng/l was significantly associated with 90‐day mortality (OR 43.928, p = 0.004) and MACE (OR 8.177, p = 0.048).ConclusionsHsTnT is predictive of mortality and MACE in the context of open pancreaticoduodenectomy. Association between hsTnT and prolonged critical care stay was less significant. Non‐cardiac complications and length of stay show no significant association with hsTnT.
Non-contrast MRI can accurately characterize adnexal masses: a retrospective study
Authors: Sahin Hilal , Panico Camilla , Ursprung Stephan , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Frary Amy , Carmo Bruno , Smith Janette , Freeman Sue , Jimenez-Linan Mercedes , Bolton Helen , Haldar Krishnayan , Ang Joo Ern , Reinhold Caroline , Sala Evis , Addley Helen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective
To determine the accuracy of interpretation of a non-contrast MRI protocol in characterizing adnexal masses.

Methods and materials
Two hundred ninety-one patients (350 adnexal masses) who underwent gynecological MRI at our institution between the 1st of January 2008 and the 31st of December 2018 were reviewed. A random subset (102 patients with 121 masses) was chosen to evaluate the reproducibility and repeatability of readers’ assessments. Readers evaluated non-contrast MRI scans retrospectively, assigned a 5-point score for the risk of malignancy and gave a specific diagnosis. The reference standard for the diagnosis was histopathology or at least one-year imaging follow-up. Diagnostic accuracy of the non-contrast MRI score was calculated. Inter- and intra-reader agreement was analyzed with Cohen’s kappa statistics.

Results
There were 53/350 (15.1%) malignant lesions in the whole cohort and 20/121 (16.5%) malignant lesions in the random subset. Good agreement between readers was found for the non-contrast MRI score (к = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58–0.86) whilst the intra-reader agreement was excellent (к = 0.81, 95% CI 0.70–0.88). The non-contrast MRI score value of ≥ 4 was associated with malignancy with a sensitivity of 84.9%, a specificity of 95.9%, an accuracy of 94.2% and a positive likelihood ratio of 21 (area under the receiver operating curve 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.96).

Conclusion
Adnexal mass characterization on MRI without the administration of contrast medium has a high accuracy and excellent inter- and intra-reader agreement. Our results suggest that non-contrast studies may offer a reasonable diagnostic alternative when the administration of intravenous contrast medium is not possible.

Key Points
• A non-contrast pelvic MRI protocol may allow the characterization of adnexal masses with high accuracy.
• The non-contrast MRI score may be used in clinical practice for differentiating benign from malignant adnexal lesions when the lack of intravenous contrast medium precludes analysis with the O–RADS MRI score.
Schlüsselregion Becken
Authors: Ritzmann Dorin 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBeckenringdysfunktionen sind eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Arbeitsausfälle weltweit. Neben muskuloskeletalen können viszerale Beschwerden der Beckenorgane auftreten. Der Beitrag erläutert den aktuellen Wissensstand zur funktionellen Anatomie des Beckens, beschreibt einige typische Beschwerdebilder aus gynäkologischer/geburtshilflicher Sicht sowie eine manuelle Methode zur nachhaltigen Beschwerdelinderung.FragestellungWelche viszeralen Beschwerdebilder werden durch eine Beckenringdysfunktion (mit)verursacht? Wie kann eine manuelle Methode aussehen, die nachhaltig zur Verminderung der Beschwerden und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität beiträgt?MethodeDer heutige Wissensstand der funktionellen Anatomie des Beckens wird mit den entsprechenden Beschwerdebildern bei Beckenringdysfunktionen dargelegt. Der Fokus liegt neben muskuloskeletalen speziell auch auf viszeralen Problemen wie vorzeitige Kontraktionen, Geburtsproblemen, Dysmenorrhö, Obstipation, Harndrang, Dyspareunie und Fertilitätsprobleme.ErgebnisseBeschwerdelinderung, Zunahme der Lebensqualität und bessere Funktion der Beckenorgane nach manueller Therapie und Stabilisierung des Beckenrings zeigen sich in einzelnen Fallbeispielen und insgesamt bei der Klientel der Grundversorgerpraxis.SchlussfolgerungDas Becken ist eine Schlüsselregion für die manuelle Medizin. Verschiedenste Beschwerdebilder können durch eine manuelle Behandlung deutlich reduziert werden.
Oncologic long-term outcome of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for colorectal cancer
Authors: Rink Andreas D. , Golubev Vitaly , Vestweber Boris , Paul Claudia , Lang Hauke , Vestweber Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been introduced as a less invasive alternative to multi-port laparoscopic surgery (MLS). MLS is widely accepted for the treatment of colorectal cancer, but there remains minimal evidence for the use of SILS. Thus, we compared both short- and long-term outcomes of SILS and open surgery (OS) in matched cohorts of colorectal cancer patients.

Methods
Some 910 patients had colorectal resections for cancer between 2006 and 2013, and 134 of them were operated on using SILS. Eighty of these SILS patients were compared to a cohort of patients who had open surgery that were matching in tumour stage and location, type of resection, sex, age and ASA Score. Disease-free survival at 5 years (5y-DFS) was the primary endpoint; morbidity and hospitalization were secondary parameters. The role of surgical training in SILS was also investigated.

Results
Clavien Dindo ≥ IIIb complications occurred in 13.8% in both groups. 5y-DSF were 82% after SILS and 70% after OS (p = 0.11). Local recurrence after rectal cancer tended to be lower after SILS (0/43 (SILS) vs. 4/35 (OS), p = 0.117). Length of stay was significantly shorter after SILS (10 vs. 14 days, p = 0.0004). The rate of operations performed by surgical residents was equivalent in both groups (44/80 (SILS) vs. 46/80 (OS), p = 0.75).

Conclusion
The data demonstrates that SILS results in similar long-term oncological outcomes when compared to open surgery as well as morbidity rates. The hospital stay in the SILS group was shorter. SILS can also be incorporated in surgical training programmes.
Teaching breast ultrasound skills including core-needle biopsies on a phantom enhances undergraduate student’s knowledge and learning satisfaction
Authors: Schmidt G. , Gerlinger C. , Endrikat J. , Gabriel L. , Müller C. , Baus S. , Volk T. , Findeklee Sebastian , Solomayer E. F. , Hamza A. , Ströder R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether a training program on breast ultrasound skills including core-needle biopsies to undergraduate students can improve medical knowledge and learning satisfaction.

Methods
Medical students attending mandatory classes at the Medical School of the University of Saarland received a supplemental theoretical and hands-on training program on ultrasound (US) breast screening and on US-guided core-needle biopsy using an agar–agar phantom. Experienced breast specialists and ultrasound examiners served as trainers applying Peyton’s 4-step training approach. The students’ theoretical knowledge and hands-on skills were tested before and after the training program, using a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ), the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and a student curriculum evaluation.

Results
The MCQ results showed a significant increase of the student’s theoretical knowledge (50.2–75.2%, p < 0.001). After the course, the OSCE showed a mean total of 17.3/20 points (86.5%), confirming the practical implementation of the new skills. The student curriculum evaluation in general was very positive. A total of 16/20 questions were rated between 1.2 and 1.7 (very good) and 3 questions were rated as 2.1 (good).

Conclusion
Undergraduate student’s medical education can be enhanced by teaching breast US skills.
Singlet oxygen, flavonols and photoinhibition in green and senescing silver birch leaves
Authors: Mattila Heta , Sotoudehnia Pooneh , Kuuslampi Telma , Stracke Ralf , Mishra Kumud B. , Tyystjärvi Esa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Key message
Decreased absorptance and increased singlet oxygen production may cause photoinhibition of both PSII and PSI in birch leaves during autumn senescence; however, photosynthetic electron transfer stays functional until late senescence.

Abstract
During autumn senescence, deciduous trees degrade chlorophyll and may synthesize flavonols. We measured photosynthetic parameters, epidermal flavonols, singlet oxygen production in vivo and photoinhibition of the photosystems (PSII and PSI) from green and senescing silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves. Chlorophyll a fluorescence and P700 absorbance measurements showed that the amounts of both photosystems decreased throughout autumn senescence, but the remaining PSII units stayed functional until ~ 90% of leaf chlorophyll was degraded. An increase in the chlorophyll a to b ratio, a decrease in > 700 nm absorbance and a blue shift of the PSI fluorescence peak at 77 K suggest that light-harvesting complex I was first degraded during senescence, followed by light-harvesting complex II and finally the photosystems. Senescing leaves produced more singlet oxygen than green leaves, possibly because low light absorption by senescing leaves allows high flux of incident light per photosystem. Senescing leaves also induced less non-photochemical quenching, which may contribute to increased singlet oxygen production. Faster photoinhibition of both photosystems in senescing than in green leaves, under high light, was most probably caused by low absorption of light and rapid singlet oxygen production. However, senescing leaves maintained the capacity to recover from photoinhibition of PSII. Amounts of epidermal flavonols and singlet oxygen correlated neither in green nor in senescing leaves of silver birch. Moreover, Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, incapable of synthesizing flavonols, were not more susceptible to photoinhibition of PSII or PSI than wild type plants; screening of chlorophyll absorption by flavonols was, however, small in A. thaliana. These results suggest that flavonols do not protect against photoinhibition or singlet oxygen production in chloroplasts.
Purging human ovarian cortex of contaminating leukaemic cells by targeting the mitotic catastrophe signalling pathway
Authors: Eijkenboom Lotte , Mulder Callista , van der Reijden Bert , van Mello Norah , van Leersum Julia , Koorenhof-Scheele Thessa , Braat Didi , Beerendonk Catharina , Peek Ronald 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Is it possible to eliminate metastasised chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells from ovarian cortex fragments by inhibition of Aurora B/C kinases (AURKB/C) without compromising ovarian tissue or follicles?

Methods
Human ovarian cortex tissue with experimentally induced tumour foci of CML, AML and primary cells of AML patients were exposed to a 24h treatment with 1 μM GSK1070916, an AURKB/C inhibitor, to eliminate malignant cells by invoking mitotic catastrophe. After treatment, the inhibitor was removed, followed by an additional culture period of 6 days to allow any remaining tumour cells to form new foci. Ovarian tissue integrity after treatment was analysed by four different assays. Appropriate controls were included in all experiments.

Results
Foci of metastasised CML and AML cells in ovarian cortex tissue were severely affected by a 24h ex vivo treatment with an AURKB/C inhibitor, leading to the formation of multi-nuclear syncytia and large-scale apoptosis. Ovarian tissue morphology and viability was not compromised by the treatment, as no significant difference was observed regarding the percentage of morphologically normal follicles, follicular viability, glucose uptake or in vitro growth of small follicles between ovarian cortex treated with 1 μM GSK1070916 and the control.

Conclusion
Purging of CML/AML metastases in ovarian cortex is possible by targeting the Mitotic Catastrophe Signalling Pathway using GSK1070916 without affecting the ovarian tissue. This provides a therapeutic strategy to prevent reintroduction of leukaemia and enhances safety of autotransplantation in leukaemia patients currently considered at high risk for ovarian involvement.