bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Team Incentives, Social Cohesion, and Performance: A Natural Field Experiment
Authors: Delfgaauw Josse , Dur Robert , Onemu Oke , Sol Joeri 
Published: April 2021

We conducted a field experiment in a Dutch retail chain of 122 stores to study the interaction between team incentives, team social cohesion, and team performance. Theory predicts that the effect of team incentives on team performance increases with the team’s social cohesion because social cohesion reduces free-riding behavior. In addition, team incentives may lead to more coworker support or to higher peer pressure and thereby, can affect the team’s social cohesion. We introduced short-term team incentives in a randomly selected subset of stores and measured for all stores, both before and after the intervention, the team’s sales performance and the team’s social cohesion as well as coworker support and peer pressure. The average treatment effect of the team incentive on sales is 1.5 percentage points, which does not differ significantly from zero. In line with theory, the estimated treatment effect increases with social cohesion as measured before the intervention. Social cohesion itself is not affected by the team incentives. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
ANALISIS PENGARUH EARNING PER SHARES (EPS), PRICE TO BOOK VALUE (PBV), RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE), RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) DAN PRICE EARNING RATIO (PER) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN METAL AND ALLIED PRODUCT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Warti Mei Ayu , Asakdiyah Salamatun 
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the influence of Earning Per Share (EPS), Price to Book Value (PBV), Return On Equity (ROE), Return On Investment (ROI), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) towards the stock price at Metal andd Allied Product Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study amouted to 14 companies, and by using sampling techniques in the form of purposive sampling acquired 11 companies which can be sampled. Source of data used in this research is secondary data derived from Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) in 2005 until 2009. Data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis and t test. The result of analysis is the EPS has significant influences on stock price with value of 0.000 < 0.05, PBV has a significant influence on stock price with a value 0.000 < 0.05, ROE does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.141 > 0.05, ROI does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.913 > 0.05, and PER does not have a significant influence on stock price with a value of 0.154 > 0.05. value of R Square shows the results 0.720, which means 72% of the stock price can be explained by the variable EPS, PBV, ROE, ROI, and PER, while the remainder, 28% of stock price is explained by other independent variables are not observed/assumed to be constant.
Motivating and constraining factors for research participation in Scottish care homes
Authors: Law Emma , Ashworth Rosalie , Killin Lewis , Connelly Peter 
Published: April 2021

Background/aims: Knowledge and research about research participation in the context of care homes is sparse. This article describes the level of research engagement for care homes in Scotland, and the facilitators and barriers to this. Methods: A short survey was distributed to care homes in Scotland. A total of 130 care homes returned completed surveys. Results: As of 2014, only 7' of care homes had past or present experience of research. Lack of time and workplace pressures were key obstacles to increasing research within care homes. Respondents recognised that residents could benefit from research but there were also concerns about the risks of research involvement. Conclusions: The survey provides much needed evidence that care homes are being overlooked in research, leading to exclusion of staff and residents. More work is needed to help integrate research into care homes without adding to the demands and pressures of the workplace.
Chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics after surgery for major trauma to the lower limb: prevalence, predictors, and association with pain severity, disability, and quality of life in the UK WHiST trial
Authors: Keene David J. , Knight Ruth , Bruce Julie , Dutton Susan J. , Tutton Elizabeth , Achten Juul , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: April 2021

Aims To identify the prevalence of neuropathic pain after lower limb fracture surgery, assess associations with pain severity, quality of life and disability, and determine baseline predictors of chronic neuropathic pain at three and at six months post-injury. Methods Secondary analysis of a UK multicentre randomized controlled trial (Wound Healing in Surgery for Trauma; WHiST) dataset including adults aged 16 years or over following surgery for lower limb major trauma. The trial recruited 1,547 participants from 24 trauma centres. Neuropathic pain was measured at three and six months using the Doleur Neuropathique Questionnaire (DN4); 701 participants provided a DN4 score at three months and 781 at six months. Overall, 933 participants provided DN4 for at least one time point. Physical disability (Disability Rating Index (DRI) 0 to 100) and health-related quality-of-life (EuroQol five-dimension five-level; EQ-5D-5L) were measured. Candidate predictors of neuropathic pain included sex, age, BMI, injury mechanism, concurrent injury, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, analgaesia use pre-injury, index surgery location, fixation type, Injury Severity Score, open injury, and wound care. Results The median age of the participants was 51 years (interquartile range 35 to 64). At three and six months post-injury respectively, 32% (222/702) and 30% (234/787) had neuropathic pain, 56% (396/702) and 53% (413/787) had chronic pain without neuropathic characteristics, and the remainder were pain-free. Pain severity was higher among those with neuropathic pain. Linear regression analyses found that those with neuropathic pain at six months post-injury had more physical disability (DRI adjusted mean difference 11.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.84 to 15.14; p < 0.001) and poorer quality of life (EQ-5D utility -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11); p < 0.001) compared to those without neuropathic characteristics. Logistic regression identified that prognostic factors of younger age, current smoker, below knee fracture, concurrent injuries, and regular analgaesia pre-injury were associated with higher odds of post-injury neuropathic pain. Conclusion Pain with neuropathic characteristics is common after lower limb fracture surgery and persists to six months post-injury. Persistent neuropathic pain is associated with substantially poorer recovery. Further attention to identify neuropathic pain post-lower limb injury, predicting patients at risk, and targeting interventions, is indicated. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1047–1054.
Shaping convex edges in borosilicate glass by single pass perforation with an Airy beam
Authors: Sohr David , Thomas Jens Ulrich , Skupin Stefan 
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate curved modifications with lengths of up to 2 mm within borosilicate glass produced by single 1030 nm picosecond laser shots with an Airy beam profile. Plasma ignition in the sidelobes of the beam as well as surface damage prove to be the crucial limitations for confined bulk energy deposition on a curved trajectory. A combined experimental and numerical analysis reveals optimum laser parameters for confined bulk energy deposition. This way, we achieved single pass perforation of a 525 µm thick glass sheet and separation by a subsequent etching step, resulting in a well-defined convex edge down to a radius of curvature of 774 µm.
2  kW narrow-linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifier
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Ma Pengfei , Ren Shuai , Zhang Song , Liu Wei , Xiao Hu , Zhang Hanwei , Zhou Pu 
Published: April 2021

In this Letter, we report a high-power narrow-linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifier with a high second-order Raman threshold and high intensity stability. By employing two temporally stable seed lasers, over 2 kW output power at 1120 nm is achieved at a pump power of 2.6 kW with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 76.3%. The 3 dB linewidth of the 1120 nm Raman-signal laser varies slightly from 0.41 nm to 0.53 nm, and the power ratio of the second-order Raman Stokes light is only about

−

46.3

d
B

at the output power of 2 kW. The results further confirm that the technique of employing temporally stable seed lasers is superior to the power scaling of narrow-linewidth Yb-Raman fiber amplifiers. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of an over 2 kW narrow-linewidth fiber laser operating at 1120 nm.
All-fiber bidirectional optical modulator derives from the microfiber coated with ITO electrode
Authors: Teng Pingping , Luo Meng , Yang Xinghua , Gao Danheng , Copner Nigel , Liu Zhihai , Yang Jun , Li Zhanao , Gao Shuai , Li Kang , Bowkett Mark , Yuan Libo 
Published: April 2021

A cheap, compact, and simply prepared all-fiber bidirectional optical modulator based on the Pockels effect of water and the band population effect was first, to the best of our knowledge, proposed and demonstrated. The transparent conductive oxide indium-tin-oxide (ITO) was coated on the surface of a nonadiabatic microfiber and first used as a modulating electrode on the microfiber. The device was realized by just submerging the microfiber in water. With supplying an electric field perpendicular to the interface between the microfiber and water, the refractive index was modulated in the electric double layer near the tapered region of the microfiber, under the Pockels effect of water. Subsequently, the interference spectrum was modulated. Meanwhile, the intensity of the light was modulated due to the band population effect in the space-charge layer. In this Letter, the proposed all-fiber optical modulator can realize simultaneous bidirectional modulation of the phase and intensity of output light. Experimentally, the maximum phase shift and the extinction ratio were 4.38 nm and 4.87 dB at 1550 nm, respectively. Significantly, the work used the Pockels effect of water and the band population effect to realize an all-fiber optical modulator, showing great potential in the optical phase modulators, optical switches, and electric field sensors.
Factors associated with iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant teenagers in Ashanti Region, Ghana: A hospital-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Annan Reginald Adjetey , Gyimah Linda Afriyie , Apprey Charles , Edusei Anthony Kwaku , Asamoah-Boakye Odeafo , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Azanu Wisdom , Lutterodt Herman E. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundIron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is reportedly high in pregnant adults and the causes well studied. However, among pregnant teenagers, the levels and associated factors of IDA are not fully understood.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study among Ghanaian pregnant teenagers, aged 13–19 years, IDA prevalence and associated factors were investigated. Sociodemographic data, household hunger scale (HHS), lived poverty index (LPI), FAO’s women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS) and interventions received during antenatal care (ANC) were obtained from 416 pregnant teenagers in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Micronutrient intakes using a repeated 24-hour dietary recall, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were determined and blood samples analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum levels of ferritin, prealbumin, vitamin A, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP).ResultsAnaemia (Hb cutoff <11.0 g/dL) was 57.1%; deficient systemic supply of iron stores (31.4%), depleted body stores of iron (4.4%), inadequate dietary iron intake (94.5%), and inadequate multiple micronutrient intakes (49.5%), were all notable among study participants. Between-subject effects using Generalized Linear Modelling indicated malaria tablet given at ANC (p = 0.035), MUAC (p = 0.043), ZPP (p<0.001), ZPP/Hb ratio (p<0.001) and depleted body iron stores (DBIS) (p<0.001) to significantly affect Hb levels. Pregnant teenagers with a high ZPP/Hb ratio (OR = 9.7, p<0.001, 95%CI = 6.0–15.8) had increased odds of being anaemic compared to those with normal ZPP/Hb ratio. Participants who were wasted (OR = 1.2, p = 0.543, 95%CI = 0.6–2.3), and those with depleted iron stores (OR = 3.0, p = 0.167, 95%CI = 0.6–14.6) had increased odds of being anaemic. Participants who experienced hunger were close to 3 times more likely (OR = 2.9, p = 0.040, 95%CI = 1.1–7.8) for depleted iron stores, compared to those who did not experience hunger. Also, participants with inadequate multiple micronutrients intakes (OR = 2.6, p = 0.102, 95%CI = 0.8–8.4), and those with low serum levels of ferritin (OR = 3.3, p = 0.291, 95%CI = 0.4–29.2) had increased odds of depleted body iron stores.ConclusionsIDA is common among pregnant teenagers and the related factors include malaria tablets given at ANC, maternal hunger, maternal MUAC, a deficient systemic supply of iron, depleted body iron stores, ZPP, and ZPP/Hb ratio. Appropriate interventions are urgently needed to address the causes of IDA among pregnant teenagers.
Demographics and outcomes of hepatitis B and D: A 10-year retrospective analysis in a Swiss tertiary referral center
Authors: Vieira Barbosa Joana , Sahli Roland , Aubert Vincent , Chaouch Aziz , Moradpour Darius , Fraga Montserrat 
Published: April 2021

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health challenge with approximately 250–350 million chronically infected individuals. An improved understanding of the demographic features and outcomes of chronic HBV infection and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in low-endemic areas may improve prevention, early identification and management both at individual and community levels. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment rates and outcomes of adult patients with chronic HBV infection with or without HDV coinfection examined at Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland over a 10-year period.

Methods
We analyzed the medical records of all adult patients with chronic HBV and HDV infection examined in our center between 2007 and 2016. Liver-related outcome was defined as the occurrence of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation or liver-related death. Analyses were performed using logistic regression and results were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Of 672 consecutive patients, 421 (62.6%) were male, median age was 36 years (interquartile range, 28–46 years), and 233 (34.7%) were of African origin. The prevalence of HDV coinfection was 7.1% and the proportion of anti-HDV-positive patients with detectable HDV RNA was 70.0%. In multivariate analysis, HDV coinfection was the strongest predictor for liver-related outcome (OR 6.06, 95% CI 2.93–12.54, p<0.001), followed by HBeAg positivity (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.30–4.69, p = 0.006), age (OR per 10-year increase 2.03, 95% CI 1.63–2.52, p<0.001) and sex (OR for female 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.71, p = 0.002). The predictive accuracy of the multivariate model was high (receiver operator characteristic area under the curve 0.81).

Conclusion
This retrospective study underscores the importance of migration in the epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B in low-endemic areas. HDV coinfection, HBeAg positivity and age predicted liver-related outcomes while female sex had a protective effect.
HIV-positive status disclosure to a sexual partner and associated factors among HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ambissa Mulusew , Sendo Endalew Gemechu , Assefa Yeshi , Guta Alemu 
Published: April 2021

Introduction
Pregnant women who disclose their HIV-positive status to their sexual partners have played an important role in reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission to the baby during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postnatal periods. Studies are limited in the current study area in a similar arena. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of HIV-positive status disclosure and its associated factors among pregnant women.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 HIV-positive pregnant women in Dire Dawa administrative from March 12th to May 10th, 2020. Data were generated using a pretested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the predictor variables associated with the disclosure of HIV-positive status among pregnant women to their sexual partners. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals at P-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Of the total, 135 (86.5%) of HIV-positive pregnant women disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partner. Christian followers (both Orthodox and Protestant) [AOR = 8.8, 95% CI: 2.3. 34] more likely to disclose HIV status to their sexual partner than those Muslims. Those participants who started practicing safer sex [AOR = 17.6, 95% CI: 4–77] and those women who had a smooth relationship before the HIV disclosure were [AOR = 14.7, 95% CI: 3–68.6] more likely to disclose HIV status to their sexual partner than their counterparts, respectively.

Conclusions
The proportion of HIV serostatus disclosure by HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care services to their sexual partners was encouraging. However, this does not mean that there is no need for further awareness and intervention. Hence, interventions to boost and support women in safely disclosing their HIV-positive status are needed.
Hátrányos helyzetű tanulók digitális oktatása a koronavírus okozta iskolabezárás idején
Authors: Kende Ágnes , Messing Vera , Fejes József Balázs 
Published: April 2021

A koronavírus terjedésének megállítása érdekében bevezetett digitális oktatás vélhetően számos akadályba ütközött a hátrányos helyzetű tanulók esetében. Ugyanakkor ennek részleteiről hazai viszonylatba még alig rendelkezünk információkkal. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy a hátrányos helyzetű tanulók célcsoportjára fókuszálva 2020 tavaszán feltárjuk a digitális oktatás első hónapjának tapasztalatait. Elemzésünk alapja egy online kérdőív, amelyet 425 pedagógus töltött ki. A kérdőíven alapuló elemzést iskolaigazgatókkal és roma, vagy roma közösségeket támogató civilszervezetek vezetőivel készült interjúk egészítik ki. Feltételezéseinknek megfelelően a hátrányos helyzetű tanulók nagyobb arányban maradtak ki a digitális oktatásból. A megfelelő tanulási tér és az önálló tanulásoz szükséges képességek hiányát az internetelérés és az IKT- eszközök hiánynál is nagyobb arányban említették akadályként a pedagógusok. A kistelepülésen élő hátrányos helyzetű és roma tanulók helyzete különösen aggasztónak tűnik. Amennyiben nem szakadt meg a kapcsolat az iskola és a tanuló között, a digitális oktatás a fenti okok miatt akkor sem valósult meg; a hátrányos helyzetű tanulók gyakran csupán papíron, heti rendszerességgel kaptak tanulnivalót és feladatokat. Szülői segítség nélkül vélhetően nem tudtak megfelelően tanulni, fejlődni ebben az időszakban. Eredményeink alapján a online oktatás következményeként az oktatási egyenlőtlenségek növekedése prognosztizálható hazánkban.
Small Annexin V–Positive Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Affect Prognosis in Cirrhosis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Weil Delphine , Di Martino Vincent , Mourey Guillaume , Biichle Sabeha , Renaudin Adeline , Laheurte Caroline , Cypriani Benoit , Delabrousse Eric , Grandclément Emilie , Thévenot Thierry , Saas Philippe ,   and the MICROCIR Study Group
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Microvesicles (MVs) with procoagulant properties may favor liver parenchymal extinction, then cirrhosis-related complications and mortality. In a longitudinal cohort of cirrhotic patients, we measured plasma levels of platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), endothelial-derived MVs, and red blood cell–derived MVs, expressing phosphatidylserine (annexin V–positive [AV+]) or not, and evaluated their impact on Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and transplant-free survival.

METHODS:
MVs were quantified using flow cytometry in plasma from 90 noninfected cirrhotic patients and 10 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. Impact of plasma microvesicle levels on 6-month transplant-free survival was assessed using log-rank tests and logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Microvesicle levels, mostly platelet-derived, were 2.5-fold higher in healthy volunteers compared with cirrhotic patients. Circulating small AV+ PMV levels were lower in cirrhotic patients (P = 0.014) and inversely correlated with MELD scores (R = −0.28; P = 0.0065). During 1-year follow-up, 8 patients died and 7 underwent liver transplantation. In the remaining patients, circulating microvesicle levels did not change significantly. Six-month transplant-free survival was lower in patients with low baseline small AV+ PMV levels (72.6% vs 96.2%; P = 0.0007). In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, ascites, esophageal varices, encephalopathy, clinical decompensation, total platelet counts, MELD score, and/or Child-Pugh C stage, patients with lower small AV+ PMV levels had a significant 5- to 8-fold higher risk of 6-month death or liver transplant. Other PMV levels did not impact on survival.

DISCUSSION:
Decreased circulating small AV+ PMV levels are associated with significantly lower transplant-free survival in cirrhotic patients independently of MELD score and platelet counts.
Against the multilingual turn as paradigm replacement: Reconsidering Kubota’s charge
Authors: Angelo Ria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In her 2016 paper, entitled, The Multi-Plural Turn, Post-Colonial Theory and Neoliberal Multiculturalism: Complicities and Implications for Applied Linguistics, Kubota proposes a more critical look at neoliberal aspects of the multilingual turn in applied linguistics that, in celebrating individual difference, challenge its status as a transformative discourse. In her argument from paradigm replacement, Kubota posits that because the multilingual turn, to some extent, emerges from the principle of individual accountability in a neoliberal political economy, its discourse must be complicit with the aims of a neoliberal agenda. This paper is a reply to some of the issues she raises in that critique. My argument is two-pronged. First, I take issue with the epistemic characterization of individual accountability as the only source of multilingualism within a neoliberal discourse. Second, I challenge her rejection of a democratic cosmopolitanism as a self-determining antidote to the neoliberal ideal (c.f. Calhoun 2002). This paper concludes that an alternate epistemic source of the multilingual turn unites language speakers in more moral and less economic terms, thereby destabilizing the argument from paradigm replacement.