bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Malocclusion and Desire for Orthodontic Treatment Among Secondary School Pupils in Ondo City, Ondo State
Authors: Edomwonyi Augustine , Ikimi Nathan , Edun Olayinka Timomthy , Tariah Onengiyeofori Selema 
Published: February 2025

Background: Malocclusion is a prevalent dental issue, particularly among children and young adults, with significant implications for dental function and aesthetics. Understanding the occurrence of malocclusion and the desire for orthodontic treatment among secondary school pupils is crucial for early intervention. This study assesses these factors among secondary school pupils in Ondo City, Ondo State.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria. The study included secondary school pupils aged 11-15 years, with a representative sample size of 242. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, which checked for their awareness of malocclusion, knowledge, and desire for orthodontic treatment. The survey data was collected and organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and statistically analyzed utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 software. The statistical test used was the chi-square test and P values less than 0.05 were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo.

Results: The study revealed that 56.6% of pupils observed their teeth as properly aligned, while 78.5% had seen peers with misaligned teeth. Significantly more females observed misalignment in their teeth, while males reported more teasing due to misaligned teeth (p < 0.05). Despite the awareness of malocclusion, 86% of pupils disapproved of living with it throughout life, with more females expressing dissatisfaction with their dental arrangement.

Only 36.4% of pupils had heard of orthodontics, primarily from teachers and dentists. Significantly more females demonstrated knowledge about orthodontic treatment (p < 0.05). While 61.9% perceived a need for orthodontic treatment, only 50.8% were willing to accept it. Age statistically correlated significantly with awareness, knowledge, and willingness to accept treatment (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study reports a variation in malocclusion awareness and the desire for orthodontic treatment among secondary school pupils, with age and gender playing significant roles as older pupils and females showed higher awareness and treatment desire.
It also showed the need for educational interventions to increase awareness, especially among younger pupils and males, to address oral health disparities and improve psychological well-being among school pupils in Ondo City.
კომპოზიტები აჭარული დიალექტის ლექსიკაში
Authors: ნოღაიდელი ნანული 
Published: February 2025

რთული სიტყვების წარმოქმნის თვალსაზრისით, განსაკუთრებით საინტერესოა დიალექტები. ამ მხრივ მდიდარი ფაქტობრივი მასალა ჩნდება აჭარული დიალექტის ლექსიკაშიც და მიჰყვება ქართულ სალიტერატურო ენაში კომპოზიტთა მიღების წესებს.
კომპოზიტი, წარმოქმნის მომენტისათვის, ნეოლოგიზმია, მაგრამ იგი შეიძლება შედგენილი იყოს ისეთი ძირებით, რომელიც უკვე აღარაა ხმარებაში და ისტორიის კუთვნილებად ქცეულა. ამგვარ სიტყვა-ტერმინთა მიგნება და კვლევა ერთ-ერთი მნიშვნელოვანი მიმართულებაა ლექსიკოლოგიაში. აჭარული დიალექტის ლექსიკაში დაფიქსირებულ კომპოზიტებშიც შემონახულია უძველესი, არქაული თუ ძველი ქართულისთვის ცნობილი ლექსემათა ძირები, საკუთრივ აჭარულისათვის დამახასიათებელი ლექსიკური ერთეულები, ქართულ-უცხოენოვანი ჰიბრიდული თუ ნასესხები კომპოზიტები.
ახალი, რთული ლექსიკური ერთეულების გაჩენა ენასა თუ დიალექტში უწყვეტი პროცესია და ასეთი სიტყვები ხშირად ლექსიკურ ფონდში მკვიდრდება.
ქართველი საზოგადო მოღვაწეების ქველმოქმედების როლი ქართველთა შორის წერა-კითხვის გამავრცელებელი საზოგადოების საქმიანობაში
Authors: ჯაბადარი თინათინ 
Published: February 2025

ქართველთა შორის წერა - კითხვის გამავრცელებელი საზოგადოება ცარიზმის დროს ერთ - ერთი დაწესებულება იყო, რომელიც ქართველი ხალხის ეროვნულ საქმეს, მისი ენისა და კულტურის განვითარების საქმეს ემსახურებოდა. XIX საუკუნის 70-იანი წლებში, კერძოდ 1879 წლის 15 მაისს დაარსებულმა "წიგნის-ცოდნის გამავრცელებელმა საზოგადოებამ" შემდეგში ქ.შ.წ.კ.გ საზოგადოებამ მთელი საქართველოს მაშტაბით, აქტიური მოღვაწეობა დაიწყო. ეს იყო ორგანიზაცია, რომელმაც რამდენიმე ათეული წლის განმავლობაში, სამი სხვადასხვა შეხედულების და მიმართულების მთავრობის მოღვაწეობას გაუძლო. საზოგადოებრივი ორგანიზაცია 1927 წლამდე მოღვაწეობდა და დიდ კულტურულ- საგანმანათლებლო საქმიანობას ეწეოდა.
საზოგადოებრივ საწყისებზე დაარსებული ორგანიზაციის საქმიანობა ძირითადად ქველმოქმედებაზე იყო დამყარებული: საქართველოს სხვადასხვა კუთხეში, ქალაქებსა და სოფლებში, სადაც მათი დაარსებული ქართული დაწყებითი სასწავლებლები (სკოლები) არსებობდა, მატერიალური დახმარების მიზნით, ხშირად იმართებოდა საქველმოქმედო საღამო კონცერტები. დახმარება შემოდიოდა საზოგადოების მუდმივი წევრებისაგან, როგორც საწევრო გადასახადით, ასევე ერთდროულად გაწეული ფულადი დახმარებითაც. განსაკუთრეული აღნიშვნის ღირსია, ჩვენი სასიქადულო მამულიშვილების მიერ ანდერძით ბოძებული დახმარებები, რომლებიც მოძრავი და უძრავი ქონების გადაცემით განისაზღვრებოდა. საქართველოს ეროვნულ არქივში დაცულ საქართველოს წერა-კითხვის გამავრცელებელი საზოგადოების ფონდსა და ჩვენი საზოგადო მოღვაწეების პირად ფონდებში დაცულია მეტად საინტერესო მასალა ქართული ქველმოქმედებისა, მათი დახმარებებისა, გასული საუკუნის დასაწყისში ქართული განათლების სისტემის მიმართ მათი გვერდში დგომისა.
თემაში წარმოვადგენ ეროვნული არქივის ფონდებში დაცული ჩვენი დიდი ქართველების დავით სარაჯიშვილის, იაკობ გოგებაშვილის, ნიკო ღოღობერიძის, გრიგოლ დადიანის, გიორგი ზდანოვიჩის, დიმიტრი ნაკაშიძის, კიტა აბაშიძის მიერ ქართველთა შორისა წერა-კითხვის გამავრცელებელი საზოგადოებისთვის გაწეული უანგარო დახმარებისა და ქველმოქმედებით გაწეულ ღვაწლს, მათი ნაანდერძები ქონებით საქართველოს ახალგაზრდობისათვის გაწეულ დახმარებას.
The Mapping of Potential Land Conflicts For The Padang-Pekanbaru Toll Road Based On Land Conflict Habits In West Sumatra
Authors: Warmansyah Frinsis , Syah Nurhasan , Fatimah Siti 
Published: February 2025

Building infrastructures of public facilities including toll roads requiring community land acquisition has the potential conflicts between the government and land owners. These conflicts include price disagreements over land or landowners insisting on not wanting their land to be released for various reasons. This paper aims to map potential conflicts in land acquisition for the Padang-Pekanbaru toll road carried out by the West Sumatra Provincial Government with land owners whose land is mostly customary land. The locus of this study is limited to West Sumatra Province even though the construction of toll roads reaches Pekanbaru. Several previous studies on land conflicts that occurred the most in West Sumatra were the reason for choosing the location of this study. Secondary data is needed in order to trace land acquisition conflicts that occurred in several periods, especially in Indonesia. Content analysis of the results of previous studies is expected to lead recommendations to the government in anticipating conflicts when land acquisition carried out.
Contrastive Analysis of English and Urdu Languages
Authors: Muhammad Ansar Ejaz  , Dr. Waqar Saleem Rana  , Dr. Javeed Iqbal  
Published: February 2025

This research study undertakes an exploratory and descriptive analysis to identify the differences and similarities between pronouns in the English and Urdu languages. Utilizing Lado’s Model of contrastive analysis (1957), the study systematically compares the structures of both languages, aiming to uncover how each handles pronouns across various categories: demonstrative, personal, possessive, reflexive, indefinite, and relative. Data is derived from intermediate-level grammar guides for both languages, supplemented by additional resources for thorough analysis. The findings reveal distinct patterns in pronoun usage, highlighting significant differences in gender representation, pluralization, and cultural nuances. For instance, English pronouns exhibit clear gender distinctions, while Urdu employs the same terms regardless of gender. Additionally, Urdu pronouns reflect varying degrees of formality and intimacy, which lack direct equivalents in English. These insights are critical for understanding the challenges faced by Urdu speakers learning English and can inform educators and curriculum developers in creating tailored instructional strategies. Overall, this study bridges theoretical frameworks with practical applications, contributing to the field of applied linguistics and enhancing the learning experience for students.
Keywords: Contrastive analysis, English, Urdu, Pronouns
Peningkatan Kompetensi Rias Wajah Pada Guru Tata Busana di Forum MGMP Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Nurulisma Saputri  , Kuswidyaningrum N. J  
Published: February 2025

MGMP Fashion Forum is a forum for sharing information but can also be a forum to improve teachers' knowledge and skills. Fashion Vocational School teachers are one of those whose knowledge and skills can be developed, not only in the field of fashion. Fashion teachers can also be given knowledge related to makeup. Because fashion and makeup are something that is related to support person's appearance. Based a request from the Semarang Regency Fashion MGMP Forum to AKS Kartini Semarang provide training. A community service was held at SMKN 1 Jambu. The knowledge given fashion teachers is basic makeup knowledge and skills, namely natural flawess makeup. Purpose of service is that teachers under the auspices of MGMP Fashion Design Semarang Regency are expected have knowledge and skills, especially makeup,both themselves and for activities Fashion show makeup for students. Method of carrying out activity carried out in several stages including preparation stage, the implementation stage, asking questions and closing. Activity was carried out in the form lectures, demonstrations and questions and answers which attended 21 members of the MGPM Fashion Teacher Forum Semarang Regency. The material presented was in the form of flawless makeup. Implementation of the activity went smoothly,
Strategi Membangun Reputasi Karier Sebagai Pengusaha Salon Melalui Personal Branding Bagi Anggota Tiara Kusuma Kota Semarang
Authors: Sofia Daniati  , Argiska Oca Sugiyanto  , Amalia Dika Brilianti  , Aulia Romadona  
Published: February 2025

Salon entrepreneurship can be a promising profession if supported by good personal branding. A salon entrepreneur must have a characteristic that differentiates them from others in terms of appearance, communication style or expertise. Personal branding can support career reputation if the application is good, if personal branding is applied poorly it will form a bad image in the community. Therefore, the purpose of carrying out community service activities at Tiara Kusuma DPC Members in Semarang City is to provide understanding to the participants so that they can apply personal branding to themselves so that they have a better self-image and can support the sustainability of the salon business they are working on. This service activity begins by analyzing the needs of the participants and then compiling the material presented according to the results of the analysis. Furthermore, the implementation of activities is to deliver some material related to the understanding of personal branding, the purpose of personal branding and how to create personal branding to improve career reputation as a salon entrepreneur. After the material is delivered, it is continued with a joint discussion and evaluation through questions and answers related to the material presented. The enthusiasm of the training participants can be seen from the many questions asked related to the problems and obstacles experienced so that they can become material for discussion.
Le syndicalisme axé sur le recrutement des adhérents est-il efficace ? Une réponse camerounaise
Authors: Njib Boumsong Thomas Junior , Fomba Kamga Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Dans un contexte de déclin continu des taux de syndicalisation aussi bien dans les pays développés que dans les pays en développement, l’organizing model – « politiques actives de syndicalisation » ou « syndicalisme axé sur le recrutement » − est apparu au coeur de la littérature sur la revitalisation syndicale comme la stratégie la plus adéquate pour contrer la baisse des effectifs syndicaux. Devant un tel constat, et pour la première fois au Cameroun, cet article examine la relation entre l’organizing model et le recrutement des adhérents à partir des données d’une enquête par questionnaire menée auprès de 187 responsables syndicaux. Les résultats des estimations du modèle probit ordonné généralisé montrent que l’utilisation de l’organizing model par les responsables syndicaux n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur l’évolution du nombre total de membres ainsi que sur l’évolution du nombre de nouveaux membres entre 2019 et 2021. Ces résultats, bien que conditionnés par la taille de l’échantillon et la mesure de l’organizing model, n’apportent aucun soutien aux partisans de cette stratégie de revitalisation syndicale qui la considèrent comme la plus adéquate pour recruter et retenir les adhérents. Dès lors, et afin d’obtenir les résultats escomptés, il est de l’intérêt des responsables syndicaux enquêtés de renforcer leurs méthodes d’organisation et de recrutement des adhérents et de considérer l’organizing model comme un outil qui doit être appris, systématisé et pratiqué de manière routinière.
Purification and characterization of detergent stable alkaline lipase from Bacillus safensis TKW3 isolated from Tso Kar brackish water lake
Authors: Devi Tishu , Sistla Srinivas , Khan Rabiya T. , Kailoo Swadha , Bhardwaj Mansavi , Rasool Shafaq 
Published: February 2025

Extensive and escalating research has been directed towards halozymes derived from halophiles thriving in extreme hypersaline environments, owing to their myriad industrial applications. These extremophiles have evolved various physiological and metabolic adaptations to endure such extremes, enhancing their industrial potential. Being a potential source of lipases, halophiles of extreme niches have emerged as a emerging research area. This interest has been fueled by the recognition that extreme environments serve as rich reservoirs of diverse cold-active alkaliphilic enzymes.

Methods
Bacillus safensis TKW3, isolated from brackish Lake Tso Kar of the Ladakh region, India, produced cold-adapted haloalkaliphilic lipase halozyme. The current study focused on the purification and biochemical characterisation of lipase derived from halophilic bacteria.

Results
The lipase enzyme, purified to homogeneity, exhibited a molecular mass of 28 kDa as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The purification process yielded a purification fold of 12.01 and a final recovery rate of 29.9%. It demonstrated optimal activity at 30 °C and pH 9. The enzyme was evaluated and demonstrated to exhibit stability over a broad temperature range spanning from 5 °C to 55 °C, as well as a wide pH range of 7.0 to 9.0. Due to its stability across a diverse spectrum of pH values, surfactants, metal ions, and inhibitors, the enzyme appeared to hold significant promise for application within the leather and detergent sectors. Upon undergoing detergent compatibility tests spanning diverse temperature ranges, the lipase showcased compatibility with various commercial detergents, thereby presenting itself as an attractive candidate for inclusion in detergent formulations within the industry.

Conclusions
The lipase from B. safensis TKW3 exhibits promising attributes, including alkali stability, halophilicity, and a wide spectrum of substrate specificity, rendering it an attractive option for incorporation into detergent formulations within the detergent industry. As far as we are aware, this is the first report on the purification and characterization of lipase enzyme from bacterial halophiles in a Tso Kar brackish lake.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with motor relearning program on strength and balance in stroke patients
Authors: Haleem Muhammad Hamad , Baig Mirza Obaid , Abualait Turki , Yoo Woo-Kyoung , Obaid Sumaiyah , Bashir Shahid 
Published: February 2025

Background
A stroke is characterized by neurological deficits that result in compromised muscle strength and balance, impacting the overall wellbeing of the patient, including decreased quality of life, socialization and participation in daily activities. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with a motor relearning program on strength and balance in sub-acute stroke patients.

Methods
The randomized controlled trial involved 44 subacute stroke patients, randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 22) or control group (n = 22). The intervention included anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the experimental group and sham stimulation with a motor relearning program for the control groups. Assessments were conducted using manual muscle testing for muscle strength and the Berg Balance Scale for balance at baseline, the fourth week, and the eighth week.

Results
There were no statistically significant effects in the experimental group for either strength or balance (p-value > 0.05) but there were time effects for both variables especially during the intervention period in both the experimental and control groups.

Conclusion
There does not appear to be any short term or long-term additional effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on strength and balance in subacute stroke patients.
A new firefly genus from South America, with seven new species, a new combination, and notes on the phylogeny of Lampyrinae: Lucidotini (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)
Authors: Viana Jéssica Herzog , Roza André Silva , Vaz Stephanie , Powell Gareth , da Silveira Luiz Felipe Lima 
Published: February 2025

Background
Lucidotini is a diverse tribe of lampyrine fireflies present throughout the New World, Europe, and Asia. Most of the over 30 genera have overlapping diagnoses, largely due to a lack of revisionary and phylogenetic studies. Widespread convergence in sensory morphology, traditionally used in genus-level diagnoses, further compounds the taxonomic issues surrounding the Lucidotini. Recent work has cast light on the value of terminalia and genitalic traits for Lucidotini taxonomy and called for a more thorough screening of morphological characters. Of special interest are basal outgrowths of the phallus (i.e., ventrobasal processes)—currently only known in Alychnus Kirsch and Photinus Laporte–that can be quite informative at the species level, but its variation within Lucidotini remains poorly studied. Most Lucidotini species remain only superficially described, while internal characters—including those of terminalia and genitalia—which could inform species identification and phylogenetic relatedness, remain unknown. Upon studying eight Lucidotini species superficially looking like Photinus and Photinoides McDermott—all of which bearing long ventrobasal processes–we raised the hypothesis that they belonged to a genus yet to be recognized.

Methods
Here, we analyzed 97 morphological characters of 32 lampyrid species spanning 17 of 30 Lucidotini genera under Bayesian Inference.

Results
We found evidence for the recognition and description of Saguassu gen. nov. to include seven new species (Saguassu acutum sp. nov., Saguassu grossii sp. nov., Saguassu manauara sp. nov., Saguassu rebellum sp nov., Saguassu roura sp. nov., Saguassu serratum sp. nov. and Saguassu sinuosum sp. nov.), in addition to Photinus dissidens Olivier ((transferred herein, thus generating Saguassu dissidens comb. nov.), for which we also designate a lectotype and two paralectotypes). This previously neglected lineage of Lucidotini spans four South American biomes: Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, Cerrado, and Pampa. Interestingly, Saguassu species span a gradient of morphologies related to signaling: from Lampyris-style ventrally bulging eyes, tiny antennae and no lanterns; intermediate eyes and antennae, with complete lanterns as in Photinus; to small eyes and long antennae and small lanterns as in many Lucidota Laporte. Saguassu gen. nov. was consistently found closely related to the three other Lucidotini taxa with ventrobasal processes (i.e., Alychnus, Photinoides, and Photinus). We provide an occurrence map of and a dichotomous key to Saguassu species, thoroughly compare this genus with co-occurring Lucidotini genera, and suggest steps towards a revision of the Lucidotini tribe.
Exploring Career Paths: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations in Shaping Career Choices for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Jamwal AnuRadha , Gupta Swati 
Published: February 2025

This study explored the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations which are pivotal in shaping career aspirations, decisions, and readiness for professional pathways for adolescents with disabilities. The research employs a systematic review of studies, analyzing existing literature to explore the multidimensional factors influencing career decisions among adolescents with disabilities and how self-efficacy and outcome expectations interact with other critical factors. Data were gathered from five data bases: Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest, and ERIC. In total, 35 of 165 articles were selected from both quantitative and qualitative studies in English from 2015 to 2024. The findings highlighted the role of tailored career counselling services in enhancing self-efficacy, refining outcome expectations, and equipping students with the skills necessary for successful transitions to employment or higher education. By bridging theoretical insights with practical interventions, this review offers actionable recommendations to improve career readiness and outcomes for students with disabilities, addressing a critical gap in supporting this underserved population.