bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbus Darier und Morbus Hailey‐Hailey: Stand 2021
Authors: Rogner Danielle Franziska , Lammer Judith , Zink Alexander , Hamm Henning 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDie autosomal‐dominanten Genodermatosen Morbus Darier und Morbus Hailey‐Hailey stellen Dermatologen vor besondere Herausforderungen. Trotz ähnlicher Pathogenese, die in einer verminderten Adhäsion suprabasaler Keratinozyten aufgrund defekter ATPasen in epidermalen Calciumkanälen besteht, unterscheiden sich die beiden Erkrankungen in klinischem Bild und Therapiemöglichkeiten erheblich. Der Morbus Darier ist gekennzeichnet durch bräunlich‐erythematöse, keratotische Papeln in seborrhoischen und intertriginösen Arealen, welche zu großflächigen Läsionen konfluieren können. Betroffene mit Morbus Hailey‐Hailey entwickeln vornehmlich intertriginös Papulovesikel und Bläschen, aus denen oft erythematöse Plaques mit Erosionen und schmerzhaften Fissuren entstehen. Die Lebensqualität ist aufgrund von Beschwerden (Juckreiz, Brennen, Schmerzen), Körpergeruch und des chronischen Verlaufs deutlich eingeschränkt. Die Therapieoptionen sind immer noch limitiert. Antiseptika und topische Glukokortikoide bilden eine wichtige Säule der Therapie, bei Superinfektionen ist oft eine systemische antiinfektiöse Therapie erforderlich. Ablative Maßnahmen wie Dermabrasion und CO2‐Laser‐Therapie können bei intertriginösem Morbus Hailey‐Hailey zu langfristiger Erscheinungsfreiheit führen, temporäre Besserungen wurden auch durch intraläsionale Botulinumtoxin‐Injektionen erzielt. Unter den Systemtherapeutika liegt beim Morbus Darier die beste Evidenz für das hierfür zugelassene Acitretin vor. Die Wirksamkeit von Immunsuppressiva und ‐modulatoren ist uneinheitlich. Niedrig dosiertes Naltrexon zeigt bei Morbus Hailey‐Hailey zufriedenstellendere Ergebnisse als bei Morbus Darier. Der vorliegende CME‐Artikel fasst das aktuelle Wissen über die beiden Dermatosen unter Berücksichtigung neuer Entwicklungen zusammen.
Design considerations for rapid biodiversity reconnaissance surveys and long‐term monitoring to assess the impact of wildfire
Authors: Southwell Darren , Legge Sarah , Woinarski John , Lindenmayer David , Lavery Tyrone , Wintle Brendan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsReconnaissance surveys followed by monitoring are needed to assess the impact and response of biodiversity to wildfire. However, post‐wildfire survey and monitoring design are challenging due to the infrequency and unpredictability of wildfire, an urgency to initiate surveys and uncertainty about how species respond. In this article, we discuss key design considerations and quantitative tools available to aid post‐wildfire survey design. Our motivation was to inform the design of rapid surveys for threatened species heavily impacted by the 2019–2020 fires in Australia.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe discuss a set of best practice design considerations for post‐wildfire reconnaissance surveys across a range of survey objectives. We provide examples that illustrate key design considerations from post‐fire reconnaissance surveys and monitoring programmes from around the world.ResultsWe highlight how the objective of post‐fire surveys drastically influences design decisions (e.g. survey location and timing). We discuss how the unpredictability of wildfire and uncertainty in the response of biodiversity complicate survey design decisions.Main conclusionsSurveys should be conducted immediately following wildfire to assess the impact on biodiversity, to ground truth fire severity mapping and to provide a benchmark from which to assess recovery. Where possible, surveys should be conducted at burnt and unburnt sites in regions with historical data so that state variables of interest can be compared with baseline estimates (i.e. BACI design). This highlights the need to have long‐term monitoring programmes already in place and be prepared to modify their design when wildfires occur. There is opportunity to adopt tools from statistics (i.e. power analysis) and conservation planning (i.e. spatial prioritization) to improve survey design. We must anticipate wildfires rather than respond to them reactively as they will occur more frequently due to climate change.
Firm‐specific forecast errors and asymmetric investment propensity
Authors: Buchholz Manuel , Tonzer Lena , Berner Julian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper analyzes how firm‐specific forecast errors derived from survey data of German manufacturing firms over 2007–2011 relate to firms' investment propensity. Our findings reveal that asymmetries arise depending on the size and direction of the forecast error. The investment propensity declines if the realized situation is worse than expected. However, firms do not adjust investment if the realized situation is better than expected suggesting that the uncertainty component of the forecast error counteracts good surprises of unexpectedly favorable business conditions. This asymmetric mechanism can be one explanation behind slow recovery following crises.
The influence of financial and economic literacy on policy preferences in Italy
Authors: Magistro Beatrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs populist and protectionist sentiments across the world increase, this paper explores the role that financial and economic literacy plays in shaping individual economic policy preferences. Analyzing original survey data collected in Italy, this study shows that financially and economically literate individuals, regardless of their economic self‐interest, are more likely to prefer remaining in the Eurozone, to favor free trade, EU immigration, non‐EU immigration, and the Fornero pension reform. The author provides preliminary evidence that the lack of differential effects between financially and economically literate winners and losers from globalization and pension reform is driven by longer time horizons. Finally, the author examines different ways to measure financial and economic literacy and finds that there is no evidence of a similar effect when looking at general education, suggesting that financial and economic literacy has distinctive features that more closely capture an individual's ability to evaluate policies.
Monitoring techniques for equine anaesthesia
Authors: Dagnall C. , Khenissi L. , Love E. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe anaesthetist aims to preserve normal physiology of the horse notwithstanding the use of general anaesthetic drugs and pre‐existing pathological changes. Provision of analgesia and maintaining an adequate plane of anaesthesia are important alongside monitoring cardiorespiratory performance, response to noxious stimuli and temperature. There are a variety of techniques that subjectively or objectively assess physiological variables, and the results should be interpreted in the context of the anaesthetic protocol. Basic ‘hands‐on’ monitoring of anaesthesia requires no equipment and is a core skill for every anaesthetist. However, as technology advances, many more electronic monitoring options have become available. This review describes how to use specific monitoring techniques, discusses the evidence underpinning them and evaluates their place in clinical practice. Where appropriate, normal and abnormal values are highlighted, although evaluation of trends may be more important in some cases. Regular documentation of variables enables trends to be identified and is key to appropriate early intervention. All basic monitoring techniques that require no equipment, such as ocular and mucous membrane assessment and pulse palpation, are recommended for every general anaesthetic procedure. The use of capnography, pulse oximetry, electrocardiography and blood pressure monitoring devices is recommended where indicated (Martinez et al., 2008), recognising that anaesthesia in horses is performed in a variety of places with different facilities and using various drug combinations.
Heritable variation in locomotion, reward sensitivity and impulsive behaviors in a genetically diverse inbred mouse panel
Authors: Bailey Lauren S. , Bagley Jared R. , Dodd Rainy , Olson Ashley , Bolduc Mikayla , Philip Vivek M. , Reinholdt Laura G. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. , Tarantino Lisa , Gagnon Leona , Chesler Elissa J. , Jentsch James David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDrugs of abuse, including alcohol and stimulants like cocaine, produce effects that are subject to individual variability, and genetic variation accounts for at least a portion of those differences. Notably, research in both animal models and human subjects point toward reward sensitivity and impulsivity as being trait characteristics that predict relatively greater positive subjective responses to stimulant drugs. Here we describe use of the eight collaborative cross (CC) founder strains and 38 (reversal learning) or 10 (all other tests) CC strains to examine the heritability of reward sensitivity and impulsivity traits, as well as genetic correlations between these measures and existing addiction‐related phenotypes. Strains were all tested for activity in an open field and reward sensitivity (intake of chocolate BOOST®). Mice were then divided into two counterbalanced groups and underwent reversal learning (impulsive action and waiting impulsivity) or delay discounting (impulsive choice). CC and founder mice show significant heritability for impulsive action, impulsive choice, waiting impulsivity, locomotor activity, and reward sensitivity, with each impulsive phenotype determined to be non‐correlating, independent traits. This research was conducted within the broader, inter‐laboratory effort of the Center for Systems Neurogenetics of Addiction (CSNA) to characterize CC and DO mice for multiple, cocaine abuse related traits. These data will facilitate the discovery of genetic correlations between predictive traits, which will then guide discovery of genes and genetic variants that contribute to addictive behaviors.
Balancing cropland gain and desert vegetation loss: The key to rural revitalization in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Chen Weijia , Lu Yongquan , Liu Guilin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn arid zones, ecological barriers can affect the agricultural development and sustainable development of oases. Therefore, balancing cropland and desert vegetation is the key to realizing ecological and rural revitalization. Then, we proposed a theoretical framework from the perspective of rural revitalization to analyze the key drivers that affect the balance of cropland and desert vegetation during 1990–2020. The results showed that cropland area in Xinjiang decreased by 881 km2 during 1990–1995, while it continually increased by 34,086 km2 during 1995–2020. However, grassland and woodland increased by 8,086 km2 during 2015–2020, indicating that the balance between cropland gain and desert vegetation loss began to improve. Most cropland expansions were reclaimed from woodland/grassland and unused land. During 1990–2005, changes between cropland and unused land in Xinjiang were mainly affected by gross domestic product (GDP). GDP and population most significantly affected the conversion (17,939 km2) of woodland/grassland to cropland during 1995–2015. Although population and economic growth led to an increase in cropland, the implementation of simultaneous and consistent policies on ecological conservation offset the reduction in desert vegetation. The findings can provide suggestions for smart cropland management and rural revitalization in Xinjiang, Central Asian countries and other countries with similar backgrounds worldwide.
If I knew then what I know now
Authors: O’Shea Saoirse Caitlin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I present an autoethnographic account of my gender affirmation surgery and subsequent recovery. Surgery is considered as the benchmark for people like me but remains little discussed. In the organizational literature the focus is on those who may transition and those who have transitioned, not on the surgery itself. It is glossed over in popular accounts to leave the impression that one goes to sleep one day and wakes fully formed the next. These accounts pay little heed to the somatic, embodied nature of surgery and issues of body dysphoria, euphoria, transition, potential detransition, and retransition. Such accounts affirm a binarized gender narrative where surgery normalizes bodies to meet the expectations of a cis‐normative society. Moreover such accounts do little justice as to what happens next since surgery is seen as the outcome of transition rather than part of the process.
Subjective sensory sensitivity and its relationship with anxiety in people with probable migraine
Authors: Price Alice , Sumner Petroc , Powell Georgina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo better characterize differences in interictal sensory experience in adults with migraine and more comprehensively describe the relevance of anxiety to these experiences.BackgroundEvidence suggests that sensitivity to sensory input may not be limited to migraine attacks but continues between them. However, there is a need to better understand whether this is the case across senses, and to clearly distinguish sensory experience from measured sensory threshold, which are not straightforwardly related. Previous literature also indicates a co‐occurrence between sensory sensitivity, migraine, and anxiety, but this relationship remains to be fully elucidated.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study used online questionnaires to investigate how self‐reported sensory experiences relate to migraine in a large community sample including 117 individuals with probable migraine and 827 without. Mediation analyses were also used to determine whether any relationship between migraine and sensory sensitivity was mediated by anxiety.ResultsSignificant increases in subjective reports of sensory sensitivity (d = 0.80) and sensory avoidance (d = 0.71) were found in participants with migraine. Anxiety symptoms partially mediated the relationship between subjective sensory sensitivity and migraine. Finally, visual, movement, and auditory subscales were found to provide unique explanatory variance in analyses predicting the incidence of migraine (area under the curve = 0.73, 0.69, 0.62 respectively).ConclusionSubjective sensory sensitivities are present between attacks and across senses in individuals with migraine. Anxiety symptoms are relevant to this relationship; however, sensory sensitivities appear to exist independent of this affective influence. The implications of interictal sensitivities for the daily lives of those with migraine should, therefore, be considered in clinical management wherever appropriate.
Plant seeds as source of nutrients and phytochemicals for the Indian population
Authors: Cervera‐Mata Ana , Sahu Pravin Kumar , Chakradhari Suryakant , Sahu Yaman Kumar , Patel Khageshwar Singh , Singh Samarendra , Towett Erick K. , Martín‐Ramos Pablo , Quesada‐Granados José Javier , Rufián‐Henares José A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPlant seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings and vary across different locations. In addition, they are under used foods that could be a good complement for the daily nutrition of people. Therefore, the aim of this study was the analysis of different physical parameters, nutrients and bioactive compounds of 60 plant seeds belonging to 48 species and 9 families. The seeds were collected in 2016–2017 in the Raipur area, India (21.25°N 81.63°E), from three different locations. Fat, protein, starch, total polyphenols and mineral contents ranged from 0.7 to 44.2, 1.6 to 68.5, 11.3 to 84.0, 0.01 to 3.85 and 0.67 to 4.91 g/100 g (dry weight) respectively. Regarding physical properties, the heavier seeds were covered with thick testa over the range of 3.0 to 40% of the seed mass. Higher moisture and ash fractions for the starchy (cereal and pulses) and weed seeds were also found. The most abundant mineral elements in the seeds were P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn. Finally, it was calculated the contribution of the consumption of seeds to the daily macronutrients and micronutrients intake for Indian population, reaching up to 38, 13 and 25% for proteins, fat and carbohydrates respectively.
Vaccine‐induced immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia syndrome following adenovirus‐vectored severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination: a novel hypothesis regarding mechanisms and implications for future vaccine development
Authors: Monagle Paul , Ng Ashley P , Linden Matthew , Ignjatovic Vera , Farley Alison , Taoudi Samir , Pasricha Sant Rayn , Torresi Joseph 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe hypothesize that thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome recently described after administration of adenovirus‐vectored vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) occurs as a result of the unique properties of the adenovirus vectors, which can have widespread biodistribution throughout the body. The antigen is delivered to megakaryocyte cells, which act as part of the primary immune system and distribute the antigen within progeny platelets, also a key component of the immune system. The interaction of the antigen induces preformed antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies to bind to PF4–heparan sulfate complexes in the absence of exogenous heparin, at sites where the heparan sulfate concentration in the vascular glycocalyx is optimal for complex formation, causing thrombosis and thrombocytopenia as observed clinically. This hypothesis is testable in cell culture and animal models, and potentially in vivo, and if proven correct has significant implications for vaccine development and our understanding of the links between the coagulation and immune systems.
In situ 4D tomography image analysis framework to follow sintering within 3D‐printed glass scaffolds
Authors: Kondarage Achintha I. , Poologasundarampillai Gowsihan , Nommeots‐Nomm Amy , Lee Peter D. , Lalitharatne Thilina D. , Nanayakkara Nuwan D. , Jones Julian R. , Karunaratne Angelo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel image analysis framework to automate analysis of X‐ray microtomography images of sintering ceramics and glasses, using open‐source toolkits and machine learning. Additive manufacturing (AM) of glasses and ceramics usually requires sintering of green bodies. Sintering causes shrinkage, which presents a challenge for controlling the metrology of the final architecture. Therefore, being able to monitor sintering in 3D over time (termed 4D) is important when developing new porous ceramics or glasses. Synchrotron X‐ray tomographic imaging allows in situ, real‐time capture of the sintering process at both micro and macro scales using a furnace rig, facilitating 4D quantitative analysis of the process. The proposed image analysis framework is capable of tracking and quantifying the densification of glass or ceramic particles within multiple volumes of interest (VOIs) along with structural changes over time using 4D image data. The framework is demonstrated by 4D quantitative analysis of bioactive glass ICIE16 within a 3D‐printed scaffold. Here, densification of glass particles within 3 VOIs were tracked and quantified along with diameter change of struts and interstrut pore size over the 3D image series, delivering new insights on the sintering mechanism of ICIE16 bioactive glass particles in both micro and macro scales.
Integrative computational immunogenomic profiling of cortisol‐secreting adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Baechle Jordan J. , Hanna David N. , Sekhar Konjeti R. , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Rathmell W. Kimryn , Baregamian Naira 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. Nearly half of ACC tumours overproduce and secrete adrenal steroids. Excess cortisol secretion, in particular, has been associated with poor prognosis among ACC patients. Furthermore, recent immunotherapy clinical trials have demonstrated significant immunoresistance among cortisol‐secreting ACC (CS‐ACC) patients when compared to their non‐cortisol‐secreting (nonCS‐ACC) counterparts. The immunosuppressive role of excess glucocorticoid therapies and hypersecretion is known; however, the impact of the cortisol hypersecretion on ACC tumour microenvironment (TME), immune expression profiles and immune cell responses remain largely undefined. In this study, we characterized the TME of ACC patients and compared the immunogenomic profiles of nonCS‐ACC and CS‐ACC tumours to assess the impact of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunogenomic comparison (CS‐ vs. nonCS‐ACC tumour TMEs) demonstrated an immunosuppressive expression profile with a direct impact on patient survival. We identified several primary prognostic indicators and potential targets within ACC tumour immune landscape. Differentially expressed immune genes with prognostic significance provide additional insight into the understanding of potential contributory mechanisms underlying failure of initial immunotherapeutic trials and poor prognosis of patients with CS‐ACC.
Infrared drying of pear slices: Drying kinetics, energy, and exergy analysis
Authors: de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana , Barbosa Eloiny Guimarães , Lopes Roberto Precci , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Barbosa Elisa Guimarães 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the last few decades, the drying process has proven to be a fundamental operation within the food industry, as it prolongs the shelf life and reduces the levels of deterioration of the product. Infrared drying has gained great attention in recent years as it promotes more uniform and energy‐efficient drying. Given the above, this study aimed to perform infrared drying of pear slices at different temperatures, evaluating the drying kinetics, and the thermodynamic analysis. The pear slices 3‐mm thick were dried in an infrared dryer at temperatures between 50 and 100°C until constant mass. Different mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data to represent drying as a function of time. Energy and exergy analysis were performed by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The Henderson and Pabis modified model satisfactorily represented the drying of pear slices. The effective diffusion coefficient increased linearly with increasing temperature, ranging from 1.15 × 10−9 and 5.08 × 10−9 m2/s. From Arrhenius's relations, the activation energy of the drying process of pear slices was 29.87 kJ/mol. The lowest specific energy consumption (10.28 kWh/kg) was observed for higher drying temperature. The drying temperature positively influenced the energy and exergy efficiencies of the process. The efficiency of the first law of thermodynamics varied between 40 and 99%. The increase in the energy required in the dryer, overcomes the destruction of exergy in the equipment.Practical ApplicationsInfrared radiation drying is a promising high‐efficiency technology. One of the main advantages of this method is the significant reduction in drying time compared with convective drying. For a complete evaluation of the drying system, analysis of the first and second laws of thermodynamics must be applied. Few studies on energy and exergy analysis of infrared dryers are found. A detailed literature review showed that there is no information on energy and exergy analysis of the infrared drying process of pear slices. It is believed that this study will contribute to the pear food industry by providing results from the best drying process in terms of kinetics, energy, and exergy.