bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma presenting as breast lump: A rare case report
Authors: Verma Vikrant , Israrahmed Amrin , Rao Ram N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is as an aggressive tumor associated with metastasis in about one‐third of the cases, but it rarely metastasizes to breast, which further is a rare site of metastasis from extramammary solid tumors. Here, we report the case of a 60‐year‐old female who presented with breast metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. The mammogram showed a well‐defined hyperdense mass of 2.5 × 2.7 cm with microlobulated margins. The mass was hypervascular on ultrasound. Further, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) abdomen revealed a 6.3 × 6.0 × 6.2 cm mass arising from the middle and the lower pole of right kidney. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the right breast lump, along with cellblock preparation from the aspirated material and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the cellblock was performed. The tumor was positive for pan‐cytokeratin, vimentin, and CD10, while the markers for primary breast carcinoma were negative. On the basis of morphology and IHC, the final diagnosis of the breast mass was metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This case highlights the importance of ruling out possibility of metastasis in cases of breast mass. The correct diagnosis of these cases is crucial since the mastectomy is not required. Here, we discuss the radiological and morphological features on cytology and cellblock of this rare case of breast metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
Perfectionism interventions targeting disordered eating: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Robinson Katherine , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivePerfectionism is a risk factor for depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, and perfectionism interventions show evidence of the impact on the development and maintenance of these disorders. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted of studies using perfectionism interventions that included measures of disordered eating/body image concerns. The primary aim was to investigate the impact on perfectionism and disordered eating/body image concerns, with a secondary aim of examining the impact on depression and anxiety.MethodThe systematic review was conducted using Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Grey literature was sought via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Effect size estimates for the meta‐analysis were calculated using between‐ and within‐group comparisons.ResultsEight studies were included in the between‐group analysis and nine studies for the within‐group analysis. Perfectionism interventions were effective in reducing perfectionism and disordered eating with large effect sizes, and in reducing depression and anxiety with moderate effect sizes. Studies included both clinical and non‐clinical populations. Substantial heterogeneity was present across most analyses.DiscussionEating disorder treatments may benefit more from the inclusion of perfectionism interventions than depression and anxiety treatments. Possible reasoning for these variations between symptom reduction is discussed. This report provides important early evidence for the efficacy of perfectionism interventions, however, the limited number of publications in this area, the presence of heterogeneity, and lack of diversity in participant populations limits the generalizability of these findings. Future research is needed to determine whether eating disorder treatments may benefit from the routine inclusion of a perfectionism component.
Water and nitrogen shape winter annual plant diversity and community composition in near‐urban Sonoran Desert preserves
Authors: Wheeler Megan M. , Collins Scott L. , Grimm Nancy B. , Cook Elizabeth M. , Clark Christopher , Sponseller Ryan A. , Hall Sharon J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreased nitrogen (N) deposition threatens global biodiversity, but its effects in arid urban ecosystems are not well studied. In addition to altered N availability, urban environments also experience increases in other pollutants, decreased population connectivity, and altered biotic interactions, which can further impact biodiversity. In deserts, annual plant communities make up most of the plant diversity, support wildlife, and contribute to nutrient cycling and ecosystem processes. Functional trade‐offs allowing coexistence of a diversity of annual plant species are well established, but maintenance of diversity in urban conditions and with increased availability of limiting nutrients has not been explored. We conducted a 13‐yr N and phosphorus (P) addition experiment in Sonoran Desert preserves in and around Phoenix, Arizona, USA to test how nutrient availability interacts with growing season precipitation, urban location, and microhabitat to affect winter annual plant diversity. Using structural equation modeling and generalized linear mixed modeling, we found that annual plant taxonomic diversity was significantly reduced in N‐enriched and urban plots. Water availability in both current and previous growing seasons impacted annual plant diversity, with significant interaction effects showing increased diversity in wetter years and greater responsiveness of the community to water following a wet year. However, there were no significant interactions between N enrichment and water availability, urban location, or microhabitat. Lowered diversity in urban preserves may be partly attributable to increased urban N deposition. Changes in biodiversity of showy species like annual wildflowers in urban preserves can have important implications for connections between urban residents and nature, and reduced diversity and community restructuring with N enrichment represents a challenge for future preservation of aridland biodiversity.
High‐density camera trap grid reveals lack of consistency in detection and capture rates across space and time
Authors: Kolowski Joseph M. , Oley Josephine , McShea William J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCounts of independent photo events from camera traps are commonly used to make inference about species occupancy, the density of unmarked populations, and the relative abundance of species across time and space. These applications rest on the untested assumption that data collected from individual cameras are representative of the landscape location in which they are placed, and that nearby cameras would record similar data when any additional micro‐site differences are accounted for. We established a high‐density camera trapping grid (100 × 100 m; 27 cameras) in Virginia, USA, to explicitly test these assumptions, investigating variation in capture rates and detection probabilities for a range of terrestrial mammals during four 2‐month seasonal surveys. Despite controlling for numerous habitat and placement factors, we documented, across all 5 focal species, large ranges and coefficients of variation in both capture rate and detection probabilities, which were similar to those seen across 2 sets of independent forest sampling sites from a larger, more typical camera trap sampling design. We also documented a lack of spatial autocorrelation in capture rate at any distance. Measured local covariates relevant to the camera viewshed (stem density, camera height, log presence, effective detection distance [EDD], total dbh of oak trees) rarely explained any significant portion of observed variation in capture rates or detection probabilities across the grid. The influence of EDD, measured here for the first time for individual camera stations, was inconsistently important and varied in direction of effect depending on species and season. Our study indicates single‐camera stations may fail to sample animal presence and frequency of use in a robust and repeatable way, primarily resulting from the influence of both idiosyncrasies in animal movement and measured and unknown micro‐site characteristics. We recommend spatial replication within sites (e.g., small‐scale shifting of cameras or use of multiple stations) should be considered to minimize impacts of relevant micro‐site characteristics, some of which may be difficult to identify.
Efficient estimation of large‐scale spatial capture–recapture models
Authors: Turek Daniel , Milleret Cyril , Ergon Torbjørn , Brøseth Henrik , Dupont Pierre , Bischof Richard , de Valpine Perry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCapture–recapture methods are a common tool in ecological statistics, which have been extended to spatial capture–recapture models for data accompanied by location information. However, standard formulations of these models can be unwieldy and computationally intractable for large spatial scales, many individuals, and/or activity center movement. We provide a cumulative series of methods that yield dramatic improvements in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation for two examples. These include removing unnecessary computations, integrating out latent states, vectorizing declarations, and restricting calculations to the locality of individuals. Our approaches leverage the flexibility provided by the nimble R package. In our first example, we demonstrate an improvement in MCMC efficiency (the rate of generating effectively independent posterior samples) by a factor of 100. In our second example, we reduce the computing time required to generate 10,000 posterior samples from 4.5 h down to five minutes, and realize an increase in MCMC efficiency by a factor of 25. These approaches can also be applied generally to other spatially indexed hierarchical models. We provide R code for all examples, an executable web‐appendix, and generalized versions of these techniques are made available in the nimbleSCR R package.
Prevention of heart failure events with sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors across a spectrum of cardio‐renal‐metabolic risk
Authors: Bhatia Kirtipal , Jain Vardhmaan , Gupta Kartik , Bansal Agam , Fox Arieh , Qamar Arman , Damman Kevin , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsTrials have tested the safety and efficacy of sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) across various disease states. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to estimate the relative and absolute effects of SGLT2i in the prevention of heart failure (HF) events across different risk groups.Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of large, placebo‐controlled RCTs with >1000 participants evaluating HF hospitalization and the composite of cardiovascular (CV) death or HF hospitalization. Due to varying durations of therapeutic exposure and follow‐up, absolute risk reductions and number needed to treat were calculated based on incidence rates (per 100 patient‐years). Across 71 553 patients enrolled in 10 late‐phase RCTs, SGLT2i reduced the risk of HF hospitalization by 31% [hazard ratio (HR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.74; I2 = 0%] and the composite outcome of CV death or HF hospitalization by 24% (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72–0.80; I2 = 1.4%) compared with placebo. The number of patient‐years of treatment exposure needed to prevent one CV death or HF hospitalization ranged from 19–26 (established HF) to 72–125 (chronic kidney disease) to 96–400 (high‐risk type 2 diabetes). In mixed‐effects meta‐regression analyses, the benefits of SGLT2i on HF hospitalizations or the composite outcome (CV death or HF hospitalization) were not influenced by age, sex, or change in intermediate markers (glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and body weight) (all P ≥ 0.10).ConclusionDespite wide variation in baseline risks and disease states evaluated, SGLT2i demonstrated comparable relative risk reductions in preventing HF events. Patients at highest baseline risk derived the greatest absolute benefits in preventing HF events. These composite estimates may help guide targeted implementation of SGLT2i for the prevention of HF events in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease and in the treatment of HF.
Identifying meteorological drivers of PM2.5 levels via a Bayesian spatial quantile regression
Authors: Self Stella W. , McMahan Christopher S. , Russell Brook T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, due to accelerations in urban and industrial development, the health impact of air pollution has become a topic of key concern. Of the various forms of air pollution, fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5; particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) appears to pose the greatest risk to human health. While even moderate levels of PM2.5 can be detrimental to health, spikes in PM2.5 to atypically high levels are even more dangerous. These spikes are believed to be associated with regionally specific meteorological factors. To quantify these associations, we develop a Bayesian spatiotemporal quantile regression model to estimate the spatially varying effects of meteorological variables purported to be related to PM2.5 levels. By adopting a quantile regression model, we are able to examine the entire distribution of PM2.5 levels; for example, we are able to identify which meteorological drivers are related to abnormally high PM2.5 levels. Our approach uses penalized splines to model the spatially varying meteorological effects and to account for spatiotemporal dependence. The performance of the methodology is evaluated through extensive numerical studies. We apply our modeling techniques to 5 years of daily PM2.5 data collected throughout the eastern United States to reveal the effects of various meteorological drivers.
Use of D‐optimal combined design methodology to describe the effect of extraction parameters on the production of quinoa–barley malt extract by superheated water extraction
Authors: Sabah Samireh , Sharifan Anoshe , Akhonzadeh Basti Afshin , Jannat Behrooz , TajAbadi Ebrahimi Maryam 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSuperheated water extraction was applied to produce quinoa–barley malt extract. D‐optimal combined design was used to optimize the extraction conditions (time (min), solid–water ratio and particle size to obtain maximum protein and carbohydrate content, and minimum turbidity and pH. Quinoa flour (10%–30%), barley malt flour (70%–90%), different particle sizes (F = 420 µm, G = 710 µm), time (15–45 min), and solid–water ratio (0.1–0.2) were selected as independent variable and protein, carbohydrate, turbidity, and pH as dependent factors. Polynomials models satisfactorily fitted the experimental data with the R2 values of .9961, .9909, .9949, and .9987, respectively. The protein and carbohydrate value was affected by superheated water extraction parameters. Our results revealed that increasing quinoa/barley malt ratio has significant effect on the turbidity and pH. The optimum extraction conditions were quinoa flour (30%), barley malt flour (70%), solid–water ratio (0.2), time (45 min), and particle size (F = 420 µm).
Chemical, microbial, and metabolic analysis of Taisui cultured in honey solution
Authors: Chen Yunjing , Zheng Shuxiu , Zhang Guangwen , Luo Jianming , Liu Junsheng , Peng Xichun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTaisui, a special substance occasionally found in China, can now be artificially cultured. In order to evaluate the safety of an artificially cultured Taisui (acTS) and develop it into fermented, functional food or oral liquid, the macronutrients, trace elements, microbial community, and extracellular metabolites of Taisui have been investigated in this study. Results showed that the concentrations of total carbohydrates, protein, fat, total ash, and moisture of wet acTS were 2.13 g/100 g, 0.13 g/100 g, 0.07 g/100 g, 0.04 g/100 g, and 88.3%, respectively. The concentrations of top three trace elements of K, Ca, and P, are 1,424.92 mg/kg, 159.96 mg/kg, and 67.89 mg/kg, respectively. Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, and Ascomycota were the dominant phyla of bacteria, archaea, and fungi, respectively. Uncultured_bacterium_f_Anaerolineaceae, Alcaligenes, and Ochrobactrum were the three most abundant genera of bacteria; Methanosaeta, Methanosphaera, and Natronomonas, the most abundant genera of archaea; Zygosaccharomyces, Mortierella, and Fusarium, the most abundant genera of fungi. There were 311 metabolites increased in acTS. Most of the metabolites are beneficial to human. These metabolites can be contributed to microbes in acTS. In conclusion, acTS is not a good source of macronutrients and of trace elements, while the safeness of some microorganisms in acTS is also unknown. Nevertheless, it still provides some probiotics and beneficial metabolites for human. It is thus possible to develop acTS into foods when the safety of each microorganism is proved.
Dietary creatine and kidney function in adult population: NHANES 2017–2018
Authors: Ostojic Sergej M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsuming more creatine may be associated with an increased risk of renal dysfunction, yet this link remains poorly addressed at the population level. Using 2017–2018 NHANES data, the current study found that the odds ratio for having failing kidneys in 2,955 U.S adults consuming ≥2.0 g/day of dietary creatine compared to low‐intake counterparts (<1.0 g/day) was 0.74 (95% CI from 0.39 to 1.38), indicating no significant association between dietary creatine intake and kidney dysfunction.
Ionic conductivity and crystal structure of LSGM with different element mole ratios
Authors: Yu Jie , Liu Hui , Chen Xiuhua , Xing Jie , Yuan Bo , Wang Min , Ma Wenhui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree LSGM (La1‐xSrxGa1‐yMgyO3‐δ) perovskite‐type oxides were synthesized through solid‐state reaction. The crystal structures and ionic conductivities of LSGM samples with different doping element ratios in A and B sites were discussed. The structures of LSGM were characterized by the method of Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Ionic conductivities of the samples were tested through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A study on LSGM crystal structures and ionic conductivities demonstrates that LSGM8282 has the highest ionic conductivity of 0.1261 S cm−1 for its good cubic symmetry (pmm) than LSGM9182 and LSGM9191 with a monoclinic symmetry (I2/a).
Assessing natural versus anthropogenic horizons through deposit modelling strategies at the Medieval Site of Santa Margarida (Martorell, Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: Travé Allepuz Esther , Tella Ros Josep M. , Del Fresno Bernal Pablo , Socorregut Domènech Josep , Mauri Martí Alfred 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGeophysical surveys have been one of the most useful tools for non‐invasive archaeological field assessment. Whereas they have been regularly put into practice at the archaeological site of Santa Margarida (Martorell, Barcelona, Spain), the particular features of the site required a more specific strategy to identify the contact interface between anthropogenic and natural deposits and, therefore, to conclude the archaeological excavation. As the archaeological site is settled on Quaternary alluvia at the confluence of two rivers, and in the absence of built structures in some areas, it was extremely difficult to distinguish between anthropic layers and those silty or sandy natural deposits during fieldwork. Extensive soil survey by means of borehole logging, full‐coring, and Dynamic Penetrometer Super Heavy testing within this site has proved to be a useful strategy to identify the geological horizon and to map the original relief of past landscape before excavation tasks. This enabled us to plan our fieldwork better and to interpret particular features of the site. This paper aims at summarising the results of recent surveys and discussing the potential of this approach for the study of rural settlements and agrarian landscapes in the Middle Age.
Mid‐ to late Holocene environmental changes and human‐environment interactions in the surroundings of La Silla del Papa, SW Spain
Authors: May Simon M. , Norpoth Maike , Pint Anna , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Raith Kira , Brill Dominik , Rixhon Gilles , Moret Pierre , Jiménez‐Vialás Helena , Grau‐Mira Ignasi , García‐Jiménez Iván , Marzoli Dirce , León‐Martín César , Reicherter Klaus , Brückner Helmut 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn southern Iberia, the surroundings of the Strait of Gibraltar are known as a crossroad for population movements, cultural exchanges, and trade from Late Prehistory to modern times. However, questions remain about the impact of this historical development on the environment. The settlement of La Silla del Papa, an important hillfort in southern Andalusia (Cádiz), was occupied during the entire Iron Age, replaced by the coastal town Baelo Claudia during Roman times, and re‐occupied during Early Medieval times. As such, La Silla del Papa and its territory represent an ideal location for long‐term studies on human‐environment interactions. Within the framework of the interdisciplinary project “Archeostraits,” geoarchaeological investigations in the surroundings of La Silla del Papa aimed at constraining ecological conditions and human‐environment interactions during the mid‐ and late Holocene and during major human occupation phases. Our results document an early mid‐Holocene marine embayment in the lower floodplain of the Río del Cachón, rapidly turning into a coastal lagoon and later into freshwater‐dominated wetlands. After approximately 2100 BP (c. 150 BC), fluvial and alluvial deposition i600ing a high anthropogenic impact on the local landscape during Roman or post‐Roman times. Palynological results reveal fluctuating agricultural and pastoral activities and distinct periods of landscape opening during the Neolithic and Iron Age.
Surface settlements caused by mechanised tunnelling in hard rock with heterogeneous tunnel face conditions – Empirical and numerical calculations using the example of Boßler Tunnel
Authors: Lutz Robert , Zizka Zdenek , Röchter Lars , Thewes Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn empirical and a numerical calculation model were developed to predict the surface settlements due to EPB tunnelling in hard rock with heterogeneous face conditions. For this purpose, surface settlement and TBM driving data from Boßler Tunnel were considered. The TBM launching area characterised by a low overburden (z/D < 2) and a nature conservation area at surface was examined. The developed models were calibrated against the measured surface settlements of the first eastbound tube and were used to predict the surface settlements of the subsequent westbound tube. The prediction was then compared to the actual measured settlements during the excavation of the westbound tube. From this, findings for future settlement predictions in similar ground conditions were derived. It could be shown that both models are suitable for the application in the investigated subsoil conditions and can be used successfully in practice in different phases of the project development.