bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional tropical cyclone impact functions for globally consistent risk assessments
Authors: Eberenz Samuel , Lüthi Samuel , Bresch David N. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Assessing the adverse impacts caused by tropical cyclones has become
increasingly important as both climate change and human coastal development
increase the damage potential. In order to assess tropical cyclone risk,
direct economic damage is frequently modeled based on hazard intensity,
asset exposure, and vulnerability, the latter represented by impact
functions. In this study, we show that assessing tropical cyclone risk on a
global level with one single impact function calibrated for the USA – which
is a typical approach in many recent studies – is problematic, biasing the
simulated damage by as much as a factor of 36 in the north West Pacific.
Thus, tropical cyclone risk assessments should always consider regional
differences in vulnerability, too. This study proposes a calibrated model to
adequately assess tropical cyclone risk in different regions by fitting
regional impact functions based on reported damage data. Applying regional
calibrated impact functions within the risk modeling framework CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) at a
resolution of 10 km worldwide, we find global annual average direct damage
caused by tropical cyclones to range from USD 51 up to USD 121 billion (value in 2014, 1980–2017) with the largest uncertainties in the West
Pacific basin where the calibration results are the least robust. To better
understand the challenges in the West Pacific and to complement the global
perspective of this study, we explore uncertainties and limitations entailed
in the modeling setup for the case of the Philippines. While using wind as
a proxy for tropical cyclone hazard proves to be a valid approach in
general, the case of the Philippines reveals limitations of the model and
calibration due to the lack of an explicit representation of sub-perils such
as storm surges, torrential rainfall, and landslides. The globally consistent
methodology and calibrated regional impact functions are available online as
a Python package ready for application in practical contexts like physical
risk disclosure and providing more credible information for climate
adaptation studies.
Assessing and zoning of typhoon storm surge risk with a geographic information system (GIS) technique: a case study of the coastal area of Huizhou
Authors: Wang Si , Mu Lin , Yao Zhenfeng , Gao Jia , Zhao Enjin , Wang Lizhe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Storm surge is one of the most destructive marine disasters to life and property for Chinese coastal regions, especially for Guangdong Province. In Huizhou city, Guangdong Province, due to the high concentrations of chemical and petroleum industries and the high population density, the low-lying coastal area is susceptible to the storm surge. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment of storm surge over the coastal area of Huizhou can delimit zones that could be affected to reduce disaster losses. In this paper, typhoon intensity for the minimum central pressure of 880, 910, 920, 930, and 940 hPa (corresponding to a 1000-, 100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-year return period) scenarios was designed to cover possible situations. The Jelesnianski method and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model were utilized to simulate inundation extents and depths of storm surge over the computational domain under these representative scenarios. Subsequently, the output data from the coupled simulation model (ADCIRC–SWAN) were imported to the geographic information system (GIS) software to conduct the hazard assessment for each of the designed scenarios. Then, the vulnerability assessment was made based on the dataset of land cover types in the coastal region. Consequently, the potential storm surge risk maps for the designed scenarios were produced by combining hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment with the risk matrix approach. The risk maps indicate that due to the protection given by storm surge barriers, only a small proportion of the petrochemical industrial zone and the densely populated communities in the coastal areas were at risk of storm surge for the scenarios of 10- and 20-year return period typhoon intensity. Moreover, some parts of the exposed zone and densely populated communities were subject to high and very high risk when typhoon intensities were set to a 50- or a 100-year return period. Besides, the scenario with the most intense typhoon (1000-year return period) induced a very high risk to the coastal area of Huizhou. Accordingly, the risk maps can help decision-makers to develop risk response plans and evacuation strategies in coastal communities with a high population density to minimize civilian casualties. The risk analysis can also be utilized to identify the risk zones with the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries to reduce economic losses and prevent environmental damage caused by the chemical pollutants and oil spills from petroleum facilities and infrastructures that could be affected by storm surge.
Pós-graduação lato-sensu: um espaço privilegiado para a formação docente no ensino superior
Authors: Gaeta Cecília , Prata-Linhares Martha 
Published: January 2021

este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com as reflexões acerca da necessidade de um espaço para a formação pedagógica do professor do ensino superior e indica a pós-graduação, especialização, também chamada de lato sensu, como um espaço privilegiado para esta formação. A discussão se desenvolve baseada em dois pilares: pesquisas bibliográficas sobre formação do professor do ensino superior e a analise de duas experiências diferenciadas e exitosas de cursos de lato sensu, descritas em duas teses de doutoramento. Nas pesquisas realizadas observou-se que currículos inovadores, metodologias ativas, aproximação com a realidade da prática cotidiana, possibilidade de expressão em diversas linguagens, abertura para o diálogo, e integração entre a teoria e prática são elementos, dentre outros, importantes nos cursos e favorecem a transformação da prática docente. Considerou-se também ao final do texto que os cursos de lato sensu apresentam características que podem torna-los uma opção para o desenvolvimento de professores do ensino superior desde que fundamentados em uma proposta educacional consistente, em currículo desenhado criteriosamente e com corpo docente adequadamente preparado.
Translating Forensic Science in Detective Stories in Early Hong Kong Chinese Newspapers
Authors: Li Bo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The role played by translation during the late Qing period has been highlighted in much recent research, and the translation of detective stories is of course not a new area of academic inquiry. The difference between Chinese Gong'an (court case) and Western detective stories in particular has been acknowledged, and the Chinese translation of detective stories merits further research and inquiry. Actually, Western detective stories, especially English ones, are fraught with advanced science and technology and thus considered as miniature of modernity. In lieu of this, we can observe the interest in the relationship between detective stories and the rise of forensic science, Western medicine, and photographic technology in particular. Given the discrepancy between Western medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is indispensable to answer the following questions: How was the Western medicine perceived and translated into the Hong Kong context? How was photographic technology in foreign detective stories understood and applied in local writing, pseudo translation to be specific? This article will focus on several aspects of Western medicine, medical terms, symptoms of disease, treatment, and forensic toxicology. The (mis)understanding/manipulation of photographic technology in pseudo translation will also be examined. Case studies will cover the translations in the early Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong in the beginning decade of the twentieth century.
The Dual Alienation in Waste Tide
Authors: Hua Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Environmental and sociological crisis is currently a global phenomenon. Addressing contemporary debates and urgent problems in environmentalism and sociology, the Frankfurt School's critical theorists criticize the capitalist domination of both human and nature. Their concept of domination describes the internalization of alienation. This article uses the Frankfurt School's critical theorists' domination thesis and alienation theory to examine the dual alienation—the interrelated processes of the alienation of human nature and the alienation of nature in Chen Qiufan's Waste Tide. Though the environment is currently a focus for young Chinese, ecological issues in Chinese science fiction writings still seem to be inadequately addressed. Thus, the author argues that the alienation of external, nonhuman nature is intimately and inevitably related to that of human beings and human beings' inner nature. It also points out that science fiction holds a similar potential as the critical theory in playing a significant role in sociology and environmentalism. Furthermore, Chinese science fiction's fictional explorations of ecological and sociological relationships, as represented by Waste Tide, engage with the more broadened area of the global environmental and social crisis.
Socio-Pedagogical Conditionsof Future Social SpecialiststTraining for Successful Professional Career
Authors: Spivak Yaroslav , Omelchenko Svitlana , Petrova Mariana Mateeva , Kurinna Svitlana , Kurinnyi Ian 
Published: January 2021

Problems of social protection have become one of the most discussed in the world. Specialists of various specialties work in the social sphere: psychologists, lawyers, doctors, sociologists, etc. However, the leading role belongs to social specialists. There is a lack of social specialists, and if there are any, they do not understand exactly what they should do. The article deals with singling out the socio-pedagogical circumstances of the future social specialistseducation for an effective professional career. The focus is on analyzing of the modern directions of vocational education of future social workers. It is singled out and substantiate the socio-pedagogical circumstances for of future social professionalseducation for an effective professional career, such as: actualization and development of students' motivation to build a successful professional career; taking into account the peculiarities of the practical activities of social specialists and their transformational influences on various subjects of communication activities; gaining practical experience based on self-development. The socio-pedagogical circumstances of future social spesialists education is defined in the work as set of external and internal cconditions, which implemant in the process of vocational education of future social workers will ensure effective formation of hard and soft skills, fundamental qualities for an effective professional career. It is found out possible ways to implement the selected socio-pedagogical conditions in the vocationaleducation of the future social professionals for an effective professional career. The using of the different methods allowed to obtain objective information about the socio-pedagogical conditions of vocationaleducation of future social specialists to a successful professional career. The statistical data of the research are represented using diagrams, tables and figures.
Guidelines for Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Keren David F. , Alexanian Raymond , Goeken James A. , Gorevic Peter D. , Kyle Robert A. , Tomar Russell H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This guideline provides the recommendations of an expert panel for the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients suspected of having a clinical condition that produces a monoclonal protein in serum or urine. The recommendations describe the clinical conditions in which a monoclonal protein should be sought, the optimal sequence of testing to diagnose and monitor these patients, and the most effective laboratory procedures.
Differential Diagnosis of Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Alexanian Raymond , Weber Donna , Liu Frank 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Several disorders are associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin detected by serum or urine electrophoresis, the most common being a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and amyloidosis. The clinical features of these conditions, as well as other similar entities, are described in this review. The objective is to demonstrate the importance of electrophoretic studies in the differential diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias and in guiding the decision for rational therapies.
Procedures for the Evaluation of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins
Authors: Keren David F. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A wide variety of techniques are available for the screening, characterization, and quantification of monoclonal proteins. These techniques vary in regard to the expense, skill and intensity of labor involved, and sensitivity for detection of low levels of monoclonal proteins or of those with unusual migration. Detection of monoclonal proteins requires the use of high-resolution electrophoresis (either gel-based or capillary) and immunofixation (or immunosubtraction). Immunoelectrophoresis is not recommended. Urine for detection of monoclonal free light chains should be from 24-hour samples, and the aliquot should be concentrated at least 100-fold prior to electrophoresis and immunofixation. Dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid techniques are not sensitive enough to detect small quantities of monoclonal free light chains and should not be used as screening tests for this purpose.
Pulmonary Artery Fibrous Bands
Authors: Perez Maria T. , Alexis John B. , Ferreira Tanira , Garcia Hernando 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A 46-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath and frequent lower respiratory tract infections. A ventilation-perfusion scan showed markedly reduced perfusion of the right lung, and pulmonary arteriogram showed stenosis of the right pulmonary artery. A right pneumonectomy revealed dense white fibrous bands partially occluding the pulmonary artery branches and two large abscess cavities filled with pus in the upper and lower lobes. Microscopic examination revealed extensive necrosis of lung parenchyma, suppurative granulomatous inflammation with Coccidioides immitis organisms and rare acid-fast bacilli. Pulmonary artery fibrous bands were originally believed to be congenital; however, they are now known to be sequelae of thromboembolic phenomena.
The Autopsy as a Performance Measurement Tool—Diagnostic Discrepancies and UnresolvedClinical Questions
Authors: Zarbo Richard J. , Baker Peter B. , Howanitz Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—To develop a multi-institutional reference database for quality improvement purposes using the autopsy to define clinical diagnostic discrepancies and resolve clinical questions.
Design.—Using the College of American Pathologists Q{-}Probes format, institutions prospectively assessed a maximum of 15 consecutive autopsies each, excluding forensic cases and stillborn infants, conducted over a 6-month period. They documented answers to clinical questions provided at autopsy and classified unexpected disease diagnoses according to a standardized system.
Setting and Participants.—Hospital-based autopsies performed at 248 institutions participating in the 1993 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Quality Improvement Program.
Main Outcome Measures.—Percentages of clinical questions resolved by the autopsy and percentage of autopsies with unexpected findings of graded clinical impact.
Results.—In the aggregate database of 6427 questions from 2479 autopsies, overall 93.0% were answered by the autopsy. The 3 most common question categories were (1) identify pathology to account for clinical signs or symptoms (28.0%); (2) establish the cause of death (21.0%); and (3) confirm a clinical diagnosis (19.0%). At least one major unexpected disease finding that contributed to the patient’s death was discovered in 39.7% of the total number of autopsies. There were no differences in the percentages of autopsies with these major unexpected findings when the data were stratified by institutional demographics or decedent characteristics.
Conclusion.—This multi-institutional study underscores the clinical relevance of postmortem examination in current medical practice by consistently providing answers to unresolved clinical questions and frequently revealing major unexpected findings that contributed to the patient’s death. It is our strong belief that this postmortem-derived clinicopathologic information is a key indicator of effectiveness of care. Integration of this information into institutional quality improvement programs will improve system processes and clinician performance.
Protease Expression in Dedifferentiated Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Authors: Haeckel Carsten , Ayala Alberto G. , Radig Kathrin , Raymond A. Kevin , Roessner Albert , Czerniak Bogdan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground.—Parosteal osteosarcoma with dedifferentiation provides a useful model to study tumor progression from an indolent locally aggressive neoplasm to highly lethal metastasizing malignancy. Up-regulation of the proteolytic enzymes participating in stromal degradation is known to promote invasive growth and metastasis of several human and experimental tumors.Methods.—The expression patterns of urokinasase plasminogen activator (u-PA), its cell-surface receptor (u-PAR), and cathepsin B were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques in 11 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma and in 4 cases of dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma.Results.—Both enzymes and the receptor were coexpressed in most tumor cells of parosteal and dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma. Their expression was strikingly enhanced in the dedifferentiated high-grade component of the tumors. Tumor cells involved in bone production (ie, those adjacent to tumor produced bone trabeculae) exhibited equally strong expression of u-PA, u-PAR, and cathepsin B, regardless of their histologic grade. Expression of u{-}PA, u-PAR, and cathepsin B was undetectable in the “normalized” cells embedded in the well-developed tumor bone trabeculae.Conclusion.—These data indicate that u-PA and its interacting molecules, such as u-PAR and cathepsin B, may have some contributory effects on the metastatic potential of tumor cells in dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma.
Sessile Polypoid Gastric Heterotopia of Rectum
Authors: Srinivasan Radhika , Loewenstine Harold , Mayle James E. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective.—The term heterotopia, a term derived from Greek, implies “other place.” It refers to the finding of normal tissues at foreign sites. Heterotopic gastric tissue rarely involves the large bowel. We report 2 cases of this rare entity.
Data Sources.—Case reports of 2 patients with sessile polypoid lesion in the rectum, with a review of the available literature, using both MEDLINE and relevant bibliographies of published articles.
Results.—Biopsies of the rectal lesions in our 2 cases reveled the presence of gastric tissue. Only 27 other such cases have been reported in the English literature.
Conclusions.—Patients with rectal gastric heterotopia usually present with bleeding, but other presentations and complications are possible. Endoscopic or surgical excision is the treatment of choice, although the lesions also respond to histamine 2 receptor blockers.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Regadera Javier , Martínez-García Francisco , Paniagua Ricardo , Nistal Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective.—To evaluate the morphometric, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural lesions of the testes in prepubertal and adult patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome.Methods.—We examined the testicular biopsy using immunohistochemistry for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and collagen IV antigens. Quantification of seminiferous tubules and testicular interstitium was performed in prepubertal and adult patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome and results were compared with normal testes from both infants and adults.Results.—The adult testes presented nodular and diffuse lesions that consisted of Sertoli-cell-only seminiferous tubules. Two types of Sertoli cells could be distinguished, namely, immature vimentin-positive Sertoli cells and nearly mature Sertoli cells. In the nodules, the lamina propria was thin and contained a scant number of actin-positive peritubular cells. Leydig cells were hyperplastic. The prepubertal patients showed only diffuse lesions characterized by Sertoli cell hyperplasia, decreased germ cell numbers, and a discontinuous immunoreaction to collagen IV.Conclusions.—The testicular lesions in androgen insensitivity syndrome are probably caused by primary alterations that begin during gestation. These lesions become progressively more pronounced at puberty, when the nodular lesion pattern (adenomas) is completely developed.
Autopsy Result Utilization
Authors: Nakhleh Raouf E. , Baker Peter B. , Zarbo Richard J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives.—To document the level of involvement and communication with nonpathology clinical personnel regarding autopsies and to document the destination of autopsy reports.
Design.—The College of American Pathologists Q-Probes format was used to collect information on 15 consecutively performed autopsies per institution or for 6 months, whichever occurred first. The following information was recorded for each autopsy: decedent’s age, hospital service, length of hospital stay, whether organs were donated, who was present at autopsy, methods of communicating preliminary and final autopsy results, special techniques used to arrive at a preliminary diagnosis, activities for which the autopsy was used, and destination of final report.
Participants.—Two hundred fifty-six laboratories collected information on 2755 autopsies.
Results.—The aggregate autopsy rate was 12.4% (median 8.5%). Nonpathology clinical personnel attended 35.8% of all autopsies. A clinical physician was more likely to attend an autopsy if the patient was from a surgical service. Three primary methods were used to communicate preliminary autopsy results, namely, written reports (82.5%), telephone calls (50.6%), and meetings (11.5%). The primary care physician was sent the autopsy report in 91.1% of cases. Approximately half of the autopsy cases were used in both pathology departmental and extradepartmental activities. Aggregate autopsy data were distributed in the majority of cases to various departmental chairpersons and institutional quality assurance committees.
Conclusions.—This study provides a comparative multi-institutional database for the utilization of autopsy results by clinicians and clinical departments. Although autopsy rates are low, autopsy results are routinely being used for hospital quality assurance activities and for educational purposes.
Intrasellar Paraganglioma Presenting as Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Sambaziotis Demetrios , Kontogeorgos George , Kovacs Kalman , Horvath Eva , Levedis Athanassios 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Paragangliomas arising in the sellar region are rare. We report a case of intrasellar paraganglioma of a 54-year-old man who presented with gradually decreasing visual acuity. Physical examination revealed bitemporal hemianopsia with no apparent signs of endocrinologic dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large sellar mass believed to be a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. The tumor was removed transsphenoidally and submitted for histologic examination. The morphologic features, based on histologic, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic analyses, were consistent with the diagnosis of paraganglioma. The diagnostic morphologic features and the immunocytochemical profile of the tumor are reported.