bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Mobility to Parks Under the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Wildfire Seasons in the Western and Central United States
Authors: Yang Anni , Yang Jue , Yang Di , Xu Rongting , He Yaqian , Aragon Amanda , Qiu Han 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 2020, people's health suffered a great crisis under the dual effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the extensive, severe wildfires in the western and central United States. Parks, including city, national, and cultural parks, offer a unique opportunity for people to maintain their recreation behaviors following the social distancing protocols during the pandemic. However, massive forest wildfires in western and central US, producing harmful toxic gases and smoke, pose significant threats to human health and affect their recreation behaviors and mobility to parks. In this study, we employed the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) Models to investigate how COVID‐19 and wildfires jointly shaped human mobility to parks, regarding the number of visits per capita, dwell time, and travel distance to parks, during June ‐ September 2020. We detected strong correlations between visitations and COVID‐19 incidence in southern Montana, western Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah before August. However, the pattern was weakened over time, indicating the decreasing trend of the degree of concern regarding the pandemic. Moreover, more park visits and lower dwell time were found in parks further away from wildfires and less air pollution in Washington, Oregon, California, Colorado, and New Mexico, during the wildfire season, suggesting the potential avoidance of wildfires when visiting parks. This study provides important insights on people's responses in recreation and social behaviors when facing multiple severe crises that impact their health and wellbeing, which could support the preparation and mitigation of the health impacts from future pandemics and natural hazards.
Future Changes in Snowpack, Snowmelt, and Runoff Potential Extremes Over North America
Authors: Cho Eunsang , McCrary Rachel R. , Jacobs Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSnowpack and snowmelt‐driven extreme events (e.g., floods) have large societal consequences including infrastructure failures. However, it is not well understood how projected changes in the snow‐related extremes differ across North America. Using dynamically downscaled regional climate model (RCM) simulations, we found that the magnitudes of extreme snow water equivalent, snowmelt, and runoff potential (RP; snowmelt plus precipitation) decrease by 72%, 73%, and 45%, respectively, over the continental United States and southern Canada but increase by up to 8%, 53%, and 41% in Alaska and northern Canada by the late 21st century. In California and the Pacific Northwest, there is a notable increase in extreme RP by 21% contrary to a decrease in snowmelt by 31% by the late century. These regions could be vulnerable to larger rain‐on‐snow floods in a warmer climate. Regions with a large variability among RCM ensembles are identified, which require further investigation to reduce the regional uncertainties.
When Does Faulting‐Induced Subsidence Drive Distributary Network Reorganization?
Authors: Moodie Andrew J. , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeltas exhibit spatially and temporally variable subsidence, including vertical displacement due to movement along fault planes. Faulting‐induced subsidence perturbs delta‐surface gradients, potentially causing distributary networks to shift sediment dispersal within the landscape. Sediment dispersal restricted to part of the landscape could hinder billion‐dollar investments aiming to restore delta land, making faulting‐induced subsidence a potentially significant, yet unconstrained hazard to these projects. In this study, we modeled a range of displacement events in disparate deltaic environments, and observe that a channelized connection with the displaced area determines whether a distributary network reorganizes. When this connection exists, the magnitude of distributary network reorganization is predicted by a ratio relating dimensions of faulting‐induced subsidence and channel geometry. We use this ratio to extend results to real‐world deltas and assess hazards to deltaic‐land building projects.
First Detection and Thermal Characterization of Terminator CO2Ice Clouds With ExoMars/NOMAD
Authors: Liuzzi Giuliano , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Trompet Loïc , Crismani Matteo M. J. , Piccialli Arianna , Aoki Shohei , Lopez‐Valverde Miguel Angel , Stolzenbach Aurélien , Daerden Frank , Neary Lori , Smith Michael D. , Patel Manish R. , Lewis Stephen R. , Clancy R. Todd , Thomas Ian R. , Ristic Bojan , Bellucci Giancarlo , Lopez‐Moreno Jose‐Juan , Vandaele Ann Carine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present observations of terminator CO2ice clouds events in three groups: Equatorial dawn, Equatorial dusk (both between 20°S and 20°N) and Southern midlatitudes at dawn (45°S and 55°S east of Hellas Basin) with ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter's Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument. CO2ice abundance is retrieved simultaneously with water ice, dust, and particle sizes, and rotational temperature and CO2column profiles in 16 of 26 cases. Small particles (<0.5 μm) prevail at dusk, while water ice likely provides most source nuclei at dawn. Clouds east of Hellas are found to be dominantly nucleated on surface‐lifted dust. CO2ice is sometimes detected in unsaturated air together with dust nuclei at dawn, suggesting ongoing sublimation. Depending on latitude and local time, the interplay between particle precipitation and the lifetime of temperature minima (i.e., cold pockets) determines CO2ice properties.
MMS Observations of Super Thin Electron‐Scale Current Sheets in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Leonenko M. V. , Grigorenko E. E. , Zelenyi L. M. , Malova H. V. , Malykhin A. Yu , Popov V. Yu , Büchner J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlapping of the current sheet (CS) associated with the propagation of high‐velocity bulk flows allowed to observe the super thin current sheet (STCS) in the magnetotail plasma sheet (PS). During the interval of interest, 111 crossings of the CS neutral plane were detected. In 95 crossings, the STCSs with a current density J ≥ 20 nA/m2 were observed. A half‐thickness (LSTCS) of the STCSs was about a few electron gyroradii or less. In a number of the STCSs the parameter of adiabaticity (κe) was <1.0 for suprathermal electron population (>1 keV). Our analysis has shown that the electric current in such STCSs is carried by unmagnetized electrons (κe < 1), and the stress balance is supported by the off‐diagonal terms of their pressure tensor. In this sense, the underlying physics of the formation of STCSs at electron scales by unmagnetized electrons is similar to the mechanism of ion‐scale thin CS formation by the quasi‐adiabatic ions. The low‐energy population of magnetized electrons is also crucially important since it keeps the STCS stable and allows their observation as a quasi‐stationary structure. We compare the observed half‐thickness of the STCS with that predicted by a new kinetic theory (λ) considering the coupling between ion‐scale TCS and electron‐scale STCS. We found a reasonable agreement between both values: LSTCS ∼ (0.3–1)λ. Further improvement in the theory taking into account the dynamics of unmagnetized electrons may provide better agreement with observations.
Dynamic Properties of a Sporadic Sodium Layer Revealed by Observations Over Zhongshan, Antarctica: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Xiangcai , Huang Wentao , Ban Chao , Kosch Michael J. , Murphy Damian J. , Hu Zejun , Liu Jianjun , He Fang , Wang Rui , Yang Huigen , Hu Hongqiao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA sodium Doppler lidar system with three‐directional measurements of sodium density, atmospheric wind field, and temperature was established at Zhongshan (69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica. On November 14, 2019, a sporadic sodium layer (SSL) was observed at an altitude range of 93–103 km. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations of this SSL are associated with a strong sporadic E (Es) layer at nearly the same height, which is modulated by the convective electric field. By considering the structures and the time lags of the SSL's growth at three positions, the SSL appears to have a horizontal advection in an approximately westward direction with a velocity of the order of 80 m/s. This is consistent with the zonal wind velocity derived from the lidar system itself. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations strongly indicate that the formation and perturbation of SSLs are related to the evolution of ES layers due to varied electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves, while it is advected by the horizontal wind.
Whistlers in Micro Ducts
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. , Goyal Ravinder 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObservations from satellites demonstrate that small‐scale, localized packages of VLF waves are frequently detected inside the field‐aligned density depletions (low‐density ducts) and enhancements (high‐density ducts) with comparable sizes. Because the conditions for the wave trapping in these inhomogeneities depend on the parameters of the wave and the duct, the information about the background media can be used to find parameters of the wave trapped in the duct. We present results from the modeling study of the propagation of VLF whistler‐mode waves in the field‐aligned density inhomogeneities with the perpendicular sizes comparable to (and even less than) one perpendicular wavelength of the wave inside the duct. Simulations of the electron‐MHD model reproduce in good quantitative detail observations from the satellites and let us identify perpendicular and parallel wavelengths of the waves trapped in the ducts. Simulations also reveal the conditions causing trapping of the oblique VLF waves in the low‐density and high‐density ducts with the transverse size comparable with the perpendicular wavelength of the smallest (and most oblique) wave inside the duct.
Variability in Oceanic Particle Size Distributions and Estimation of Size Class Contributions Using a Non‐parametric Approach
Authors: Reynolds Rick A. , Stramski Dariusz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA dataset of nearly 400 measurements of the particle size distribution (PSD) compiled from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans is used to examine variability in the magnitude and shape of the PSD, and to characterize the partitioning of particle number, cross‐sectional area, and volume concentration among defined size intervals. The results indicate that the relative contributions of three size classes based upon the pico‐, nano‐, and microplankton size range exhibit substantial changes among measures of particle size and between oceanic environments. The single‐slope power law model commonly employed to characterize the PSD in aquatic studies is demonstrated to have significant limitations in capturing the complexity of PSD shapes observed for natural particle assemblages, and in consequence poorly predicts the relative contributions of these different size intervals. We show that specific percentile diameters derived from the cumulative distributions of particle size are strongly correlated with the contributions of these three size classes, and that these non‐parametric descriptors of the cumulative distribution provide superior performance for estimating their contributions while requiring no assumption of underlying PSD shape. A comparison of these predictive relationships with independent field measurements suggests that this approach is generally robust for particle assemblages representing a wide diversity of marine environments.
Turbulence in the Lower Atmosphere of Mars Enhanced by Transported Dust Particles
Authors: Spiga Aymeric 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA recent article by Wu et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006752) reports unprecedented turbulence‐resolving numerical simulations for Mars, in which the radiative impact of suspended dust particles transported in convective circulations is resolved for the first time. Those simulations demonstrate that in certain conditions, a dustier Martian atmosphere may result in stronger turbulence and mixing in Mars' planetary boundary layer, as a result of the inhomogeneity in the distribution of dust particles being reinforced by turbulent convective cells. This effect competes with what was hitherto thought to dominate in a dustier atmosphere, that is, a turbulence weakening related to surface shading by suspended dust particles. Wu et al. (2021 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006752)'s work has many implications for future studies of Mars' meteorology and climatology.
Evolution of Bentheimer Sandstone Wettability During Cyclic scCO2‐Brine Injections
Authors: Herring A. L. , Sun C. , Armstrong R. T. , Li Z. , McClure J. E. , Saadatfar M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGeologic sequestration in sedimentary formations has been identified as a potential technology to prevent climate‐change inducing carbon dioxide (CO2) from being emitted to the atmosphere. To achieve safe and effective storage underground, accurate understanding, and predictions of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) behavior in subsurface rock formations is required; including quantifying how much scCO2 is trapped within pore spaces by capillarity (vs. how much remains mobile), and constraining the occurrence of physio‐chemical reactions between scCO2 and the mineral matrix. Experiments where multiple cycles of scCO2 and brine are injected into rock samples have produced conflicting results regarding the consistency of trapping as cycles progress; likely due to differences in mineral content, pressure‐temperature conditions, aqueous chemistry parameters, and experimental setups. We present a new set of experiments, replicating the conditions of a previous study, but with a new experimental design, apparatus, and timeline. We confirm previous results that demonstrated shifts in injection pressure and scCO2 trapping behavior over multiple injection cycles, and we conduct additional analyses to discern the fluid‐fluid macroscopic contact angle, interface mean and Gaussian curvatures, scCO2 interfacial area, and topology of trapped scCO2 ganglia. We also performed lattice‐Boltzmann simulations approximating experimental conditions where solid wettability was systematically altered over multiple injections cycles; trends in scCO2 ganglia characteristics compare well between experiment and simulation. The results indicate that this system undergoes a transition to a “patchy” mixed‐wet state, and we observe that this wettability alteration renders scCO2 more stable in the rock pore space, increasing capillary trapping over four injection cycles.
NR1D1 regulation by Ran GTPase via miR4472 identifies an essential vulnerability linked to aneuploidy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Boudhraa Zied , Zaoui Kossay , Fleury Hubert , Cahuzac Maxime , Gilbert Sophie , Tchakarska Guergana , Kendall-Dupont Jennifer , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile aneuploidy is a main enabling characteristic of cancers, it also creates specific vulnerabilities. Here we demonstrate that Ran inhibition targets epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival through its characteristic aneuploidy. We show that induction of aneuploidy in rare diploid EOC cell lines or normal cells renders them highly dependent on Ran. We also establish an inverse correlation between Ran and the tumor suppressor NR1D1 and reveal the critical role of Ran/NR1D1 axis in aneuploidy-associated endogenous DNA damage repair. Mechanistically, we show that Ran, through the maturation of miR4472, destabilizes the mRNA of NR1D1 impacting several DNA repair pathways. We showed that NR1D1 interacts with both PARP1 and BRCA1 leading to the inhibition of DNA repair. Concordantly, loss of Ran was associated with NR1D1 induction, accumulation of DNA damages, and lethality of aneuploid EOC cells. Our findings suggest a synthetic lethal strategy targeting aneuploid cells based on their dependency to Ran.
Risk-stratification of HPV-positive women with low-grade cytology by FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation and HPV genotyping
Authors: Dick Stèfanie , Vink Frederique J. , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The introduction of primary HPV screening has doubled the number of colposcopy referrals because of the direct referral of HPV-positive women with a borderline or mild dyskaryosis (BMD) cytology (ASC-US/LSIL) triage test. Further risk-stratification is warranted to improve the efficiency of HPV-based screening.

Methods
This study evaluated the discriminative power of FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation, HPV16/18 genotyping and HPV16/18/31/33/45 genotyping in HPV-positive women with BMD (n = 294) in two Dutch screening trials. Absolute CIN3+ risks and colposcopy referrals within one screening round were calculated.

Results
Methylation analysis discriminated well, yielding a CIN3+ risk of 33.1% after a positive result and a CIN3+ risk of 9.8% after a negative result. HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33/45 genotyping resulted in a 27.6% and 24.6% CIN3+ risk after a positive result, and a 13.2% and 9.1% CIN3+ risk after a negative result. Colposcopy referral percentages were 41.2%, 43.2%, and 66.3% for FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation, HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33/45 genotyping, respectively. The CIN3+ risk after a negative result could be lowered to 2.8% by combining methylation and extended genotyping, at the expense of a higher referral percentage of 75.5%.

Conclusion
The use of FAM19A4/miR124-2 methylation and/or HPV genotyping in HPV-positive women with BMD can lead to a substantial reduction in the number of direct colposcopy referrals.
LPS-induced macrophage HMGB1-loaded extracellular vesicles trigger hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Wang Guozhen , Jin Siyi , Huang Weichang , Li Yang , Wang Jun , Ling Xuguang , Huang Yun , Hu Ye , Li Congcong , Meng Ying , Li Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important vectors of intercellular dialogue. High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, which is cytotoxic and leads to cell death and tissue injury. Whether EVs are involved in the release of HMGB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injuries need more investigation. EVs were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blotting. The co-localization of HMGB1, RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products), EEA1, Rab5, Rab7, Lamp1 and transferrin were detected by confocal microscopy. The interaction of HMGB1 and RAGE were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation. EVs were labeled with the PKH67 and used for uptake experiments. The pyroptotic cell death was determined by FLICA 660-YVAD-FMK. The expression of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasomes were analyzed by western-blot or immunohistochemistry. Serum HMGB1, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and MPO (myeloperoxidase) were measured using a commercial kit. The extracellular vesicle HMGB1 was detected in the serums of sepsis patients. Macrophages were found to contribute to HMGB1 release through the EVs. HMGB1-RAGE interactions participated in the loading of HMGB1 into the EVs. These EVs shuttled HMGB1 to target cells by transferrin-mediated endocytosis leading to hepatocyte pyroptosis by the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Moreover, a positive correlation was verified between the sepsis serum EVs-HMGB1 level and clinical liver damage. This finding provides insights for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for acute liver injuries.
The regulation of CPNE1 ubiquitination by the NEDD4L is involved in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Ruochen , Zhang Weijie , Zeng Yuanyuan , Li Yue , Zhou Jieqi , Zhang Yang , Wang Anqi , Lv Yantian , Zhu Jianjie , Liu Zeyi , Huang Jian-an 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOur previous studies revealed that oncogene CPNE1 is positively correlated with the occurrence, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it could be regulated by micro RNAs. But no direct role of post-translational modification of CPNE1 in NSCLC has been reported. This study confirms that CPNE1 is degraded by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. CPNE1 binds with the ubiquitin molecule via its K157 residue. Moreover, we determined that the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L can mediate the ubiquitination of CPNE1 and promote its degradation. In addition, we find that NEDD4L knockdown promotes the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by regulating CPNE1 in vitro and vivo. This study aims to further investigate the mechanism of CPNE1 ubiquitination in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and provide a new potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Lithium-ion-conductive sulfide polymer electrolyte with disulfide bond-linked PS4 tetrahedra for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Kato Atsutaka , Yamamoto Mari , Utsuno Futoshi , Higuchi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Masanari 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDue to their high conductivity and interface formability, sulfide electrolytes are attractive for use in high energy density all-solid-state batteries. However, electrode volume changes during charge-discharge cycling typically cause mechanical contact losses at the electrode/electrolyte interface, which leads to capacity fading. Here, to suppress this contact loss, isolated PS43- anions are reacted with iodine to prepare a sulfide polymer electrolyte that forms a sticky gel during dispersion in anisole and drying of the resulting supernatant. This polymer, featuring flexible (–P–S–S–)n chains and enhanced solubility in anisole, is applied as a lithium-ion-conductive binder in sheet-type all-solid-state batteries, creating cells with low resistance and high capacity retention.
Ocean mass, sterodynamic effects, and vertical land motion largely explain US coast relative sea level rise
Authors: Harvey T. C. , Hamlington B. D. , Frederikse T. , Nerem R. S. , Piecuch C. G. , Hammond W. C. , Blewitt G. , Thompson P. R. , Bekaert D. P. S. , Landerer F. W. , Reager J. T. , Kopp R. E. , Chandanpurkar H. , Fenty I. , Trossman D. , Walker J. S. , Boening C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRegional sea-level changes are caused by several physical processes that vary both in space and time. As a result of these processes, large regional departures from the long-term rate of global mean sea-level rise can occur. Identifying and understanding these processes at particular locations is the first step toward generating reliable projections and assisting in improved decision making. Here we quantify to what degree contemporary ocean mass change, sterodynamic effects, and vertical land motion influence sea-level rise observed by tide-gauge locations around the contiguous U.S. from 1993 to 2018. We are able to explain tide gauge-observed relative sea-level trends at 47 of 55 sampled locations. Locations where we cannot explain observed trends are potentially indicative of shortcomings in our coastal sea-level observational network or estimates of uncertainty.