bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On community structure validation in real networks
Authors: Signorelli Mirko , Cutillo Luisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCommunity structure is a commonly observed feature of real networks. The term refers to the presence in a network of groups of nodes (communities) that feature high internal connectivity, but are poorly connected between each other. Whereas the issue of community detection has been addressed in several works, the problem of validating a partition of nodes as a good community structure for a real network has received considerably less attention and remains an open issue. We propose a set of indices for community structure validation of network partitions that are based on an hypothesis testing procedure that assesses the distribution of links between and within communities. Using both simulations and real data, we illustrate how the proposed indices can be employed to compare the adequacy of different partitions of nodes as community structures in a given network, to assess whether two networks share the same or similar community structures, and to evaluate the performance of different network clustering algorithms.
Attentional bias in individuals with depression and adverse childhood experiences: influence of the noradrenergic system?
Authors: Kuehl Linn K. , Deuter Christian E. , Nowacki Jan , Ueberrueck Lisa , Wingenfeld Katja , Otte Christian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder with affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Mood congruent cognitive biases, including a negative attentional bias, are important for development, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive symptoms. MDD is associated with maladaptive changes in the biological stress systems such as dysregulations of central noradrenergic alpha2-receptors in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system, which can affect cognitive processes including attention. Patients with adverse childhood experiences (ACE), representing severe stress experiences in early life, might be particularly affected.

Objectives
With an experimental design, we aimed to gain further knowledge about the role of noradrenergic activity for attentional bias in MDD patients with and without ACE.

Methods
We tested the effect of increased noradrenergic activity induced by the alpha2-receptor blocker yohimbine on attentional bias in a placebo-controlled repeated measures design. Four groups were included as follows: MDD patients with and without ACE, and healthy participants with and without ACE (total N = 128, all without antidepressant medication).

Results
A significant effect of MDD on attentional bias scores of sad face pictures (p = .037) indicated a facilitated attentional processing of sad face pictures in MDD patients (compared to non-MDD individuals). However, we found no such effect of ACE. For attentional bias of happy face pictures, we found no significant effects of MDD and ACE. Even though a higher increase of blood pressure and salivary alpha-amylase following yohimbine compared to placebo indicated successful noradrenergic stimulation, we found no significant effects of yohimbine on attentional bias of happy or sad face pictures.

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of a negative attentional bias in MDD patients. However, as we found no effect of ACE or yohimbine, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which ACE increases the risk of MDD and to understand the biological basis of the MDD-related negative attentional bias.
Standardisierte strukturierte Befundberichte gastrointestinaler Tumoren
Authors: Hewer Ekkehard , Rump Anna , Langer Rupert 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungSynoptische oder strukturierte Berichte in der Medizin, speziell in der Pathologie, sind im Gegensatz zu traditionellen narrativen Berichten gekennzeichnet durch ein listen- bzw. laborwertartiges Format und die Verwendung standardisierter Checklisten. Sie tragen zur Vollständigkeit und Verständlichkeit der Berichte und damit letztlich zu einer verbesserten Patientenversorgung bei. Für die Verwendung in der Pathologie publizieren aktuell 2 größere Institutionen Vorlagen für synoptische Berichte, das College of American Pathologists (CAP) und die International Collaboration for Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Synoptische Berichtsvorlagen sind für alle häufigeren Tumortypen verfügbar. Sie bieten nicht nur eine standardisierte Nomenklatur und Checklisten für vollständige Berichte, sondern unterstützen auch eine einheitliche Anwendung diagnostischer Kriterien. Außerdem beinhalten die Protokolle sowohl von CAP als auch von ICCR umfangreiche und aktuelle Referenzen und sind damit eine wertvolle Quelle von Zusatzinformationen, selbst wenn kein synoptisches Berichtsformat verwendet wird. Nutzen und Herausforderungen bei der Implementation von synoptischen Berichten werden diskutiert, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die deutschsprachige Pathologie.
Summer activity patterns for a moss and lichen in the maritime Antarctic with respect to altitude
Authors: Schroeter Burkhard , Green T. G. Allan , Pintado Ana , Türk Roman , Sancho Leopoldo G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is considerable scientific interest as to how terrestrial biodiversity in Antarctica might respond, or be expected to respond, to climate change. The two species of vascular plant confined to the Antarctic Peninsula have shown clear gains in density and range extension. However, little information exists for the dominant components of the flora, lichens and bryophytes. One approach has been to look at change in biodiversity using altitude as a proxy for temperature change and previous results for Livingston Island suggested that temperature was the controlling factor. We have extended this study at the same site by using chlorophyll fluorometers to monitor activity and microclimate of the lichen, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and the moss, Hymenoloma crispulum. We confirmed the same lapse rate in temperature but show that changes in water relations with altitude is probably the main driver. There were differences in water source with U. aurantiaco-atra benefitting from water droplet harvesting and the species performed substantially better at the summit. In contrast, activity duration, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic modelling all show desiccation to have a large negative impact on the species at the lowest site. We conclude that water relations are the main drivers of biodiversity change along the altitudinal gradient with nutrients, not measured here, as another possible contributor.
Turbulent jet through porous obstructions under Coriolis effect: an experimental investigation
Authors: De Serio Francesca , H. Goldshmid Roni , Liberzon Dan , Mossa Michele , Negretti M. Eletta , Pisaturo Giuseppe R. , Righetti Maurizio , Sommeria Joel , Termini Donatella , Valran Thomas , Viboud Samuel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present study has the main purpose to experimentally investigate a turbulent momentum jet issued in a basin affected by rotation and in presence of porous obstructions. The experiments were carried out at the Coriolis Platform at LEGI Grenoble (FR). A large and unique set of velocity data was obtained by means of a Particle Image Velocimetry measurement technique while varying the rotation rate of the tank and the density of the canopy. The main differences in jet behavior in various flow configurations were assessed in terms of mean flow, turbulent kinetic energy and jet spreading. The jet trajectory was also detected. The results prove that obstructions with increasing density and increased rotation rates induce a more rapid abatement of both jet velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. The jet trajectories can be scaled by a characteristic length, which is found to be a function of the jet initial momentum, the rotation rate, and the drag exerted by the obstacles. An empirical expression for the latter is also proposed and validated.
Graphic abstract
How to determine the statistical significance of trends in seasonal records: application to Antarctic temperatures
Authors: Bunde Armin , Ludescher Josef , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider trends in the m seasonal subrecords of a record. To determine the statistical significance of the m trends, one usually determines the p value of each season either numerically or analytically and compares it with a significance level $${{\tilde{\alpha }}}$$

α
~

. We show in great detail for short- and long-term persistent records that this procedure, which is standard in climate science, is inadequate since it produces too many false positives (false discoveries). We specify, on the basis of the family wise error rate and by adapting ideas from multiple testing correction approaches, how the procedure must be changed to obtain more suitable significance criteria for the m trends. Our analysis is valid for data with all kinds of persistence. Specifically for long-term persistent data, we derive simple analytical expressions for the quantities of interest, which allow to determine easily the statistical significance of a trend in a seasonal record. As an application, we focus on 17 Antarctic station data. We show that only four trends in the seasonal temperature data are outside the bounds of natural variability, in marked contrast to earlier conclusions.
Frontal white matter lesions in Alzheimer’s disease are associated with both small vessel disease and AD-associated cortical pathology
Authors: McAleese Kirsty E. , Miah Mohi , Graham Sophie , Hadfield Georgina M. , Walker Lauren , Johnson Mary , Colloby Sean J. , Thomas Alan J. , DeCarli Charles , Koss David , Attems Johannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCerebral white matter lesions (WML) encompass axonal loss and demyelination and are assumed to be associated with small vessel disease (SVD)-related ischaemia. However, our previous study in the parietal lobe white matter revealed that WML in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are linked with degenerative axonal loss secondary to the deposition of cortical AD pathology. Furthermore, neuroimaging data suggest that pathomechanisms for the development of WML differ between anterior and posterior lobes with AD-associated degenerative mechanism driving posterior white matter disruption, and both AD-associated degenerative and vascular mechanisms contributed to anterior matter disruption. In this pilot study, we used humanpost-mortem brain tissue to investigate the composition and aetiology of frontal WML from AD and non-demented controls to determine if frontal WML are SVD-associated and to reveal any regional differences in the pathogenesis of WML. Frontal WML tissue sections from 40 humanpost-mortembrains (AD,n = 19; controls,n = 21) were quantitatively assessed for demyelination, axonal loss, cortical hyperphosphorylated tau (HPτ) and amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, and arteriolosclerosis as a measure of SVD. Biochemical assessment included Wallerian degeneration-associated protease calpain and the myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein ratio as a measure ofante-mortemischaemia. Arteriolosclerosis severity was found to be associated with and a significant predictor of frontal WML severity in both AD and non-demented controls. Interesting, frontal axonal loss was also associated with HPτ and calpain levels were associated with increasing Aβ burden in the AD group, suggestive of an additional degenerative influence. To conclude, this pilot data suggest that frontal WML in AD may result from both increased arteriolosclerosis and AD-associated degenerative changes. These preliminary findings in combination with previously published data tentatively indicate regional differences in the aetiology of WML in AD, which should be considered in the clinical diagnosis of dementia subtypes: posterior WML maybe associated with degenerative mechanisms secondary to AD pathology, while anterior WML could be associated with both SVD-associated and degenerative mechanisms.
Case report: cerebral sinus vein thrombosis in two patients with AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Fousse Mathias , Schub David , Merzou Fatma , Fassbender Klaus , Sester Martina , Kettner Michael , Lochner Piergiorgio , Schmidt Tina , Goi Júnior João Reinoldo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased rate of thromboembolic events and mortality. Different vaccines are globally used to limit the pandemic. In this report, we present the case of two young female patients with newly diagnosed cerebral sinus vein thrombosis occurring after injection of the vector-based ChAdOx1 vaccine. Both patients presented with unusual headache only. The two of them used an estrogen-containing contraception, had had a history of deep venous thrombosis, and both had MTHFR mutations. Both patients developed SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immunity including both CD4 and CD8 T cells. This rare, but serious complication needs to be considered after vaccination of young females, even if there is no evidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Long-term kidney function in children with Wilms tumour and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant
Authors: Falcone Maria Pia , Pritchard-Jones Kathryn , Brok Jesper , Mifsud William , Williams Richard D. , Nakata Kayo , Tugnait Suzanne , Al-Saadi Reem , Side Lucy , Anderson John , Duncan Catriona , Marks Stephen D. , Bockenhauer Detlef , Chowdhury Tanzina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Wilms tumour (WT) survivors, especially patients with associated syndromes or genitourinary anomalies due to constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant, have increased risk of kidney failure. We describe the long-term kidney function in children with WT and WT1 pathogenic variant to inform the surgical strategy and oncological management of such complex children.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients with WT and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant treated at a single centre between 1993 and 2016, reviewing genotype, phenotype, tumour histology, laterality, treatment, patient survival, and kidney outcome.

Results
We identified 25 patients (60% male, median age at diagnosis 14 months, range 4–74 months) with WT1 deletion (4), missense (2), nonsense (8), frameshift (7), or splice site (4) pathogenic variant. Thirteen (52%) had bilateral disease, 3 (12%) had WT-aniridia, 1 had incomplete Denys-Drash syndrome, 11 (44%) had genitourinary malformation, and 10 (40%) had no phenotypic anomalies.
Patient survival was 100% and 3 patients were in remission after relapse at median follow-up of 9 years. Seven patients (28%) commenced chronic dialysis of which 3 were after bilateral nephrectomies. The overall kidney survival for this cohort as mean time to start of dialysis was 13.38 years (95% CI: 10.3–16.4), where 7 patients experienced kidney failure at a median of 5.6 years. All of these 7 patients were subsequently transplanted. In addition, 2 patients have stage III and stage IV chronic kidney disease and 12 patients have albuminuria and/or treatment with ACE inhibitors. Four patients (3 frameshift; 1 WT1 deletion) had normal blood pressure and kidney function without proteinuria at follow-up from 1.5 to 12 years.

Conclusions
Despite the known high risk of kidney disease in patients with WT and constitutional WT1 pathogenic variant, nearly two-thirds of patients had sustained native kidney function, suggesting that nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) should be attempted when possible without compromising oncological risk. Larger international studies are needed for accurate assessment of WT1genotype-kidney function phenotype correlation.
Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Algorithmus zur automatisierten Rekonfiguration von Niederspannungsnetzen
Authors: Herbst Daniel , Schürhuber Robert , Henein Sawsan , Zehetbauer Paul , Fellner David , Einfalt Alfred , Schmautzer Ernst , Fickert Lothar 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Trends, wie die zunehmende Verbreitung von Ladestationen für Elektrofahrzeuge (EVCSs) mit und ohne Batteriespeicher in Kombination mit Wärmepumpen (WP) und Klimaanlagen, stellen Niederspannungsnetze (NS-Netze) bzw. deren Betrieb vor neuartige Herausforderungen. Diese können beispielsweise in Form von nennenswerten Lastfluss- sowie Kurzschlussproblemen in deren traditionellen, meist radialen Strukturen bzw. Topologien auftreten. Ein wesentliches Beispiel dafür ist die Überlastung von Leitungssegmenten durch Lasten mit erheblicher Gleichzeitigkeit (EVCSs, WPs, Klimaanlagen etc.). Darüber hinaus können hohe lokale Einspeisungen durch dezentrale Stromerzeuger (z. B. Photovoltaikanlagen, Kleinwasserkraftwerke, Batterie-Energiespeichersysteme) zu Problemen der Spannungsqualität (bspw. Verletzung der Spannungsgrenzen, Spannungsabfall, schnelle Spannungsänderungen) führen. Das Projekt ,,Power System Cognification“ (PoSyCo) entwickelt Lösungsansätze, um diese eben genannten Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Es zielt darauf ab, ein ,,SOFTprotection“-System zu implementieren, das zur Vermeidung von systemkritischen Zuständen des Niederspannungsnetzes bzw. von Fehlern beiträgt und als Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen ,,HARDprotection“ (u. a. Sicherungen, Leistungsschalter) dienen soll. Im Zuge dieses Beitrags wird einer der dafür entwickelten Methoden in Form eines Algorithmus zur automatisierten Netzrekonfiguration auf Ebene der Niederspannung (NS) näher beschrieben.
Discussion on “Experimental Deformation of Opalinus Clay at Elevated Temperature and Pressure Conditions: Mechanical Properties and the Influence of Rock Fabric” of Schuster, V., Rybacki, E., Bonnelye, A., Herrmann, J., Schleicher, A.M., Dresen, G.
Authors: Crisci Eleonora , Ferrari Alessio , Laloui Lyesse 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe testing procedure and results on saturated samples of Opalinus Clay in the work of Schuster et al. (Rock Mech Rock Eng https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02474-3, 2021) were conducted and presented using strain rates two to four orders of magnitudes higher than the rates needed to allow pore pressure equilibrium in the material, both in drained and undrained conditions. This leads to an erroneous estimation of the mechanical properties in saturated conditions. We discuss this aspect in the context of shale testing. We also discuss the effect of drying-induced fissuring on the mechanical properties of geomaterials tested in dry conditions.
Normal width of the linea alba, prevalence, and risk factors for diastasis recti abdominis in adults, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaufmann R. L. , Reiner C. S. , Dietz U. A. , Clavien P. A. , Vonlanthen R. , Käser S. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aim
The prevalence and definition of diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is under debate. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the interrectal distance and the prevalence of DRA in computed tomography (CT) in an asymptomatic population.

Materials and methods
Patients undergoing CT scans for suspected appendicitis or kidney stones from 01/2016 to 12/2018 were screened retrospectively to participate. A study population with equal distribution according to gender and age (18–90 years) was generated (n = 329 patients) and the interrectal distance was measured at six reference points.

Results
DRA (defined as > 2 cm at 3 cm above the umbilicus) was present in 57% of the population. The 80th percentile of the interrectal distance was 10 mm at the xiphoid (median 3 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0–19 mm), 27 mm halfway from xiphoid to umbilicus (median 17 mm, 95% CI 0–39 mm), 34 mm at 3 cm above the umbilicus (median 22 mm, 95% CI 0–50 mm), 32 mm at the umbilicus (median 25 mm, 95% CI 0–45 mm), 25 mm at 2 cm below the umbilicus (median 14 mm, 95% CI 0–39 mm), and 4 mm halfway from umbilicus to pubic symphysis (median 0 mm, 95% CI 0–19 mm). In the multivariate analysis, higher age (p = 0.001), increased body mass index (p < 0.001), and parity (p < 0.037) were independent risk factors for DRA, while split xiphoid, tobacco abuse, and umbilical hernia were not.

Conclusion
The prevalence of DRA is much higher than commonly estimated (57%). The IRD 3 cm above the umbilicus may be considered normal up to 34 mm. To avoid over-treatment, the definition of DRA should be revised.
Q-S laser micro-drilling and multipass full-beam Q-S laser for tattoo removal — a case series
Authors: Marini Leonardo , Marini Susanna , Cutlan James , Hreljac Irena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new combined method of Q-S laser-assisted tattoo removal. Ten patients with 13 professional, mostly mono-chromatic black tattoos were recruited. All tattoos received the same Q-S laser treatment sequence. An objective evaluation of tattoo clearing was assessed by careful analysis of a standardized collection of digital images taken from each tattoo, 2 months after each laser session, with the help of a custom-made pigment-fading percentage photographic ruler. The percentages of pigment clearance and side effects were evaluated by 4 independent dermatologists. Patient satisfaction and perceived discomfort during and post-procedure were evaluated according to specific scales. Clinical evaluators confirmed an average photographic pigment clearance of 97% after a median 4.85 treatment sessions. The Frac-Tat® method required 40% fewer sessions compared to those calculated by Kirby-Desai estimates. Photographic assessment of laser-exposed skin quality performed 2 months after tattoo clearing was considered almost comparable with untreated peripheral skin, confirming a very low side effect score. The Frac-Tat QS laser-assisted tattoo removal sequence used in our study showed a high degree of safety and efficiency, clearing exogenous pigments in a relatively few number of sessions. Preliminary ablative photo-acoustic fractional 1064-nm Q-S laser micro-drilling was considered an essential step in optimizing tattoo removal, increasing wavelength-independent micro-columnar clearing of deeper dermal exogenous pigments. Our preliminary observations also confirmed a significant improvement of tattoo procedure-induced micro-textural changes thanks to a tissue remodeling effect induced by the 1064-nm Q-S fractional laser photo-acoustic ablation.
On the asymptotic enumeration of Cayley graphs
Authors: Morris Joy , Moscatiello Mariapia , Spiga Pablo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in the asymptotic enumeration of Cayley graphs. It has previously been shown that almost every Cayley digraph has the smallest possible automorphism group: that is, it is a digraphical regular representation (DRR). In this paper, we approach the corresponding question for undirected Cayley graphs. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are two infinite families of groups that do not admit any graphical regular representation (GRR). The strategy for digraphs involved analysing separately the cases where the regular groupRhas a nontrivial proper normal subgroupNwith the property that the automorphism group of the digraph fixes eachN-coset setwise, and the cases where it does not. In this paper, we deal with undirected graphs in the case where the regular group has such a nontrivial proper normal subgroup.
An Interest Stabilisation Mechanism to Unburden the ECB
Authors: Arnold Ivo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFollowing the twin crises of sovereign debt and COVID-19, the ECB risks being stuck in a situation of fiscal dominance, in which monetary policy is subordinated to the needs of finance ministers. A strong post-COVID-19 recovery may increase inflationary pressures, requiring a shift towards a less accommodative monetary policy stance. A tightening of monetary policy may, however, lead to a widening of interest rate spreads and new bond market tensions in the euro area. This article argues that the credibility of the ECB is undermined if it is perceived as aiming to close interest spreads. Interest spreads between euro countries arising from fiscal concerns should be a matter of fiscal policy, not monetary policy. The establishment of an interest stabilisation mechanism would allow the ECB to restore monetary dominance and to focus on maintaining price stability.