bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Risk-Benefit Ratio of Leech Therapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Fillatre A. , Floug Q. , Assaf N. , Sinna R. , Hedhli K. , Vacher H. , Hamdad Farida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Venous congestion in transplanted or replanted tissues remains a common and challenging complication of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The local application of medicinal leeches is effective in reducing postoperative venous congestion in skin flaps and restoring normal blood flow. However, leech therapy is associated with a number of risks, including infections; in order to digest blood, leeches have a symbiotic relationship with Aeromonas species in their gut. Aeromonas infections are associated with a dramatic decrease in flap salvage rates. This is why prophylactic antibiotic treatment and external decontamination of the leeches are widely recommended. Methods: We performed a single retrospective study of patients having undergone leech therapy between January 1st, 2010, and December 31st, 2018, at Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, France. Each patient’s medical history, clinical data, laboratory results, prophylactic antibiotic use, and complications were recorded.Results: A total of 37 patients (mean age: 47) had undergone leech therapy after reconstructive surgery. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was documented in 32 (84.6%) patients. However, there are no guidelines on the choice of prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Twenty-four of the 37 (64.8 %) patients had anemia (mean hemoglobin level: 8.5 (6-11.1) g/dL), and 13 of the 24 (54%) required a transfusion. Thirteen of the 37 patients (35.1%) had a post-operative infection mainly due to Aeromonas spp. (76.9%). Leech therapy was effective in 23 of the 37 patients (62%) overall and in 2 of the 10 patients (20%) with an Aeromonas infection. The association between Aeromonas infection and flap salvage failure was highly significant (p = 0.005).Conclusions: The results of the study emphasized that clinical bacteriologists and surgeons should be aware that leeches are potential sources of infection.
Dominance Structure Plays a Leading Role In Shaping Community Stability In The Northern Tibetan Grasslands
Authors: Hou Ge , Shi Peili , Zong Ning , Zhou Tiancai , Song Minghua , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Dominant species may strongly influence biotic conditions and interact with other species, and thus are important drivers of community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, particularly in the stressed environment of alpine grasslands. However, the effects of dominant species and its derived dominance structure on the community stability remain poorly understood. We examined the temporal stability of above-ground productivity (2014-2020 year) and biotic stability mechanisms in the Northern Tibetan grasslands with changing species composition and dominance structure along a precipitation gradient. Our results showed that community stability was significantly higher in the alpine meadow than the other types of grasslands. This difference was mainly attributed to higher compensatory effect and selection effect of dominant species in the mesic meadows. Furthermore, dominant structure strongly affected community stability through increasing dominant species stability and species asynchrony. However, species richness had almost little effect. Our findings demonstrate that dominant species, as foundation species, may play leading roles in shaping community stability in the alpine grasslands, highlighting the importance of conserving dominant species for stable ecosystem functioning in these fragile ecosystems under increasing environmental fluctuations.
Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis of Multifactor Low Speed Heavy Load Gear System with Temperature Effect Considered
Authors: Wang Jungang , Shan Zhengang , Chen Sheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Low-speed and heavy-duty gears will generate a lot of heat during meshing transmission, which will cause thermal deformation of the gears and affect the transmission performance of the gear system. It is of great significance to explore the influence of temperature effects on the nonlinear dynamics of the gear system. Taking the spur gear system as the research object, considering the nonlinear factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness, tooth backlash and comprehensive error, and introducing the influence of temperature change, the nonlinear dynamic model of the gear system is established, using 4~5th order Runge -Kutta algorithm performs simulation calculation on the model, combined with bifurcation diagram, maximum Lyapunov exponent diagram, phase diagram and Poincare section diagram, etc., to analyze the influence of temperature changes and time-varying stiffness coefficients on the motion characteristics of the gear system. The results show that the influence of temperature change on the gear system is related to the value of the time-varying stiffness coefficient. The larger the value, the more obvious the influence of temperature change; the system will show different dynamic response with the change of the time-varying stiffness coefficient, including four states of single-period motion, multiple-period motion, bifurcation and chaotic motion. The relevant conclusions can provide references for the design of gear systems under special working conditions.
Occupational Exposure to Metals and Serum Adiponectin Levels Among Shipyard Workers: A Cohort Study with Weighted Quantile Sum Regression Analyses
Authors: Wu Chen-Jung , Ho A-Chuan , Chen Shih-Ya , Pan Chih-Hong , Chuang Hsiao-Chi , Chen Wei-Liang , Wang Chung-Ching , Lai Ching-Huang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The influence of welding-associated air pollutants on workers’ health is mainly regarded as a core issue in public health and occupational medicine. Previous studies have indicated that workers exposed to metal fumes had an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, which was correlated with decreased serum adiponectin levels. This study aimed to explore whether heavy metal exposure affects the concentration of adiponectin among welding workers. Methods: The study participants were recruited from a shipyard with 31 office workers and 100 welding workers in 2015. Urinary metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Serum adiponectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inferential statistics on repeated measures were performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was conducted to examine the joint effect of the association of multimetal exposure with serum adiponectin. Results: After adjustment for all confounding variables through a GEE analysis, significantly negative associations of numerous urinary metals with serum adiponectin were detected in the welding workers, including Cr (β = -0.088; 95% CI: -0.148, -0.027), Mn (β = -0.174; 95% CI: -0.267, -0.081), Co (β = -0.094; 95% CI: -0.158, -0.029), Ni (β = -0.108; 95% CI: -0.208, -0.008), Cd (β = -0.067; 95% CI: -0.115, -0.018), and Pb (β = -0.089; 95% CI: -0.163, -0.015). The contributions of multiple urinary metal levels to serum adiponectin levels, determined individually by WQS regression, suggested that Pb was the greatest contributor. Conclusions: Welding workers exposed to heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, and Cd might have reduced serum adiponectin levels and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Patients Satisfaction With The Dental Treatment Provided At The University of Jordan Students Clinics
Authors: Ismail Noor H. , Alzer Heba , Algurini Amena H , Alsawalhi Dina H , Hait Sarah M. , BDS Firas Alsoleihat , Mahmoud Summer J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To assess patients' satisfaction with the dental care provided to them by the undergraduate students at Jordan University Hospital. Methods: The Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ) developed by the RAND Corporation was used to measure patient satisfaction. The questionnaire was translated to Arabic the native language of the country and it consisted of 14 questions, which measure the overall satisfaction and the subscales of access, convenience & availability, continuity of treatment, and quality of dental care provided.Results: A total of 94 patients (58.5% female, 41.5% male) answered the DSQ, the Overall Dental Satisfaction Index (DSI) was found to be 86.2%, and there was no correlation between gender or age groups with the DSI (P<0.05). The lowest score (3.7/5) was given to the question about whether the school building and dental units being modern and well equipped. Conclusions: Patients who were treated at the student clinics at the University of Jordan, School of Dentistry were mostly satisfied about the treatment provided, the main cause for dissatisfaction was the clinics building that is very old and crowded, and the lack of modern dental units and equipment.
The importance of superspreaders on the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kalda Jaan , Ratas Mart , Kalda Taavet , Ramazanli Azer , Herrmann Heiko , Belikov Juri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of pandemics is most often analyzed using a variation of the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model1, the key parameter of which is the basic reproduction number R0. Some evidences suggest that the contagion-spreading networks are scale-free, with the biggest nodes corresponding to superspreaders2,3. However, current understanding of the scale-free topology of these networks, and of the implications of such topology for the dynamics of pandemics is incomplete. Here we show that the world-wide spreading rate of COVID-19 gives an indirect evidence that the underlying virus-spreading network is scale-free, with the degree distribution exponent close to 2. Furthermore, our results show that the spreading rate of a virus is predominantly controlled by superspreaders who typically get infected and acquire immunity during the initial outbreak stage of the pandemic. Thereby the biggest nodes get immune and hence, removed from the network, resulting in a rapid decrease of the effective reproduction number. These findings are important for understanding the dynamics of pandemics, and for designing optimal virus control strategies. In particular, screening a population for the number of antibodies of a set of viruses can reveal potential superspreaders, the vaccination or isolation of whom can impede a pandemic at its early stage.
Outcome of surgically treated acetabular fractures: risk factors for postoperative complications and for early conversion to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Luigi Zanna , Lorenzo Ceri , Gianluca Scalici , Debora Boncinelli , roberto Buzzi , De Biase Pietro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Acetabular fractures (AFxs) are rare injuries considering their incidence. The gold standard of treatment is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Surgical treatment represents a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Our purpose is to assess the short- to medium-term functional outcomes and complications of surgically treated AFx. We analysed the factors influencing clinical outcomes, the incidence of complications and the predictors of conversion in total hip arthroplasty (THA).Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed 102 patients with AFx treated between December 2017 and September 2020. The inclusion criteria were AFx treated with ORIF and more than 12 months of follow-up (FU). We evaluated the quality of reduction with X-ray measuring residual displacement, classified into 3 groups (Matta Radiological Score). Postoperative superficial and deep infections, neurological sequelae and deep vein thrombosis were documented. X-rays were performed to confirm the adequacy of fixation and complications. At the final FU, the radiographs were graded according to Matta’s Radiological Outcome Grading, and the clinical outcomes were graded using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS).Results: Of 102 patients, 62 patients were enrolled. The statistical analysis revealed that OHS was influenced by quality of reduction (P=0.033), injury severity score (ISS) (P=0.005) and age (> 75 years) (P=0.029). A significant correlation between the patient’s BMI and the OHS was recorded. The late sequelae were heterotopic ossification (HO) in 13 patients, osteoarthritis (OA) in 22 and avascular necrosis (AVN) in 4. HO was significantly affected by the posterior approach (P=0.031) and by an ISS > 15 (P= 0.0003). The analysis showed a correlation between AVN and posterior hip dislocation (P=0.004). OA had a correlation with postoperative quality of reduction (P=0.014). Eight patients required THA. Comparing patients with and without THA, a significant correlation between THA and posterior dislocation (P=0.022), isolated posterior wall fracture (P=0.039) and ISS > 15 (P=0.029) was recorded.Conclusion: Despite the improvement of surgical techniques and perioperative care, a high rate of patients with AFx still develop complications and require THA. Identifying negative predictors to help the management of fractures in elderly individuals is needed. Furthermore, the presence of negative predictors could represent an indication for primary THA.
Relationships Between Physical Function and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Aizawa Junya , Hirohata Kenji , Ohji Shunsuke , Ohmi Takehiro , Mitomo Sho , Koga Hideyuki , Yagishita Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Information about specific factors of physical function that contribute to psychological readiness is needed to plan rehabilitation for a return to sports. The purpose of this study was to identify specific physical functions related to the psychological readiness of patients aiming to return to sports 6 months after reconstruction. We hypothesized that the knee strength is a factor related to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Return to Sport After Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) cutoff score for a return to sports at 2 years after reconstruction.Methods: Fifty-four patients who had undergone primary reconstruction using hamstring tendon participated in this study. Psychological readiness was measured using the ACL-RSI in patients at 6 months after reconstruction. To identify specific physical functions related to the ACL-RSI score, participants were divided into groups with ACL-RSI scores of ³60 or <60. Non-paired t-tests or the Mann-Whitney test were performed to analyze group differences in objective variables in physical function: 1) knee strength in both legs; 2) leg anterior reach distance on both sides; and 3) single-leg hop (SLH) distances in three directions for both legs.Results: Significant differences between groups were identified in knee flexion strength (60°/s) for the uninvolved limb, hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio (60°/s) for the uninvolved limb, knee flexion strength (180°/s) for the involved limb, limb symmetry index (LSI) of leg anterior reach distance, the ratio of the distance to the height of the patient and LSI of SLH distances in lateral and medial directions. Conclusion: This study revealed that at 6 months after reconstruction, increased knee flexion strength (Ratio of the peak torque measured to the body mass of the patient), hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio, leg anterior reach distance LSI, and lateral and medial SLH appear important to exceed the ACL-RSI cutoff for a return to sports at 2 years after reconstruction. The present results may be useful for planning post-operative rehabilitation for long-term return to sports after reconstruction.
Optimising peak energy reduction in networks of buildings
Authors: Poghosyan Anush , McCullen Nick , Natarajan Sukumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Buildings are amongst the world's largest energy consumers and simultaneous peaks in demand from networks of buildings can decrease electricity system stability.
Current mitigation measures either entail wasteful supply-side over-specification or complex centralised demand-side control.
Here, we investigate a new schema for decentralised, self-organising building-to-building load coordination that requires very little information and no direct intervention.
We find that the theoretically optimal size for load-coordination networks can be surprisingly small, analogous to other complex systems such as coordination between flocks of birds.
The schema outperforms existing techniques, giving substantial peak-reductions as well as being remarkably robust to changes in other system parameters such as the network topology.
This not only demonstrates that significant reductions in network peaks are achievable using remarkably simple control systems but also reveals theoretical results and new insights which which will be of great interest to the complexity and network science communities.
Eco-Assessment of Streams of Konya Closed River Basin (Turkey) Using Various Ecoregional Diatom Indices
Authors: Çelekli Abuzer , Lekesiz Ömer , Çetin Tolga 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ecological assessments of freshwater ecosystems based on diatom metrics are an important issue to attain environmental sustainability. The present study aimed to evaluate differences in the diatom-stressors relationship in relatively least disturbed streams in the Konya closed river basin using multivariate analyses and to bio-assess streams by application of different ecoregional diatom indices. Cocconeis euglypta, Cymbella excisa, Cocconeis placentula, and Achnanthidium minutissimum are the most contributing species to the dissimilarity of sampling stations between rainy and dry seasons and also between altitude (A2 800-<1600 m and A3 ≥1600 m) groups. A strong (82.8%) correlation between diatom species and stressors was expressed by the first two axes of canonical correspondence analysis. Diatom species displayed distinct responses to environmental variables (electrical conductivity, Ni, Cu, B, and altitude) playing important roles on the distribution of diatom species. Diatom indices indicated different ecological statuses of stations from a bad to a high. European diatom indices except Duero Diatom Index-DDI and Trophic Diatom Index-TDI showed well responses to the eco-assessment of streams and indicated high ecological status for the least disturbed sampling stations symbolized as S16, S20, S24, S25, S27-29, S37, and 39. These results were also supported by abiotic evaluation. Among diatom indices, although TIT was more competitive in the bio-assessment of streams, it is necessary to increase its species list by determining their trophic weights in future studies. This indicates that the revision of ecoregional specific diatom metrics with the enhancement of diatom species numbers according to their ecological preferences is needed to correctly interpret the water quality.
About system legislative viruses and social foundations of creating a new system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Kyrychko Vasyl Mykolaiovych 
Published: December 2021

The article contains critical remarks about the draft of the new system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which is presented for discussion by its developers and is characterized by the presence of many new provisions. It is established that this system has significant shortcomings, which are associated with the incorrect reflection in the content of criminal law norms of the essential social features of crimes.
To identify such shortcomings in the system of criminal law, the concept of "system legislative viruses" is highlighted and the need to have protection against such viruses in the system is substantiated. The necessity to distinguish between the legislative virus, the negative consequences of which in the form of human rights violations are local in nature, and the system legislative virus, the negative consequences of which are large-scale, is substantiated. Legislative viruses that result in violation of the principle of proportionality between punishment and social characteristics of acts are analyzed.
Proposals for improving the system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine have been formulated. In particular, they concern the use of the category "public danger", which must perform a human rights function in the system of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is proposed to classify crimes using the social values ​​they encroach on and the extent of the damage that has been or may be caused. Emphasis is placed on the need to allocate at the law enforcement level the severity (danger) of the crime: 1) with particularly mitigating circumstances, 2) with mitigating circumstances, 3) without mitigating and aggravating circumstances, 4) with aggravating circumstances and 6) with especially aggravating circumstances. The court must impose penalties based on these degrees and the legal restrictions associated with them.
The necessity of providing legal certainty on the social basis of criminal liability and restriction of rights for committing a crime, as well as on the legislative assessment of cases of simultaneous commission of several crimes and the rules of their qualification is substantiated.
It is proposed to supplement the Criminal Code of Ukraine with Article 2-1 "Rule of Law", which will ensure justice in cases of errors made by the legislator and in other cases where there is a discrepancy between formal legal requirements and social characteristics of the crime.
Synthesis of Rutin Derivatives to Enhance Lipid Solubility and Development
of Topical Formulation with a Validated Analytical Method
Authors: Abualhasan Murad , Assali Mohyeddin , Mahmoud Abeer , Zaid Abdel Naser , Malkieh Numan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Rutin is available on the market as a topical formulation for the treatment
of several conditions, such as internal bleeding, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins. However, these
gels have low solubility and limited bioavailability due to their decreased lipid solubility.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to synthesize potentially novel lipophilic rutin prodrugs. The
suggested library of these rutin prodrugs includes changing the solubility profile to facilitate rutin
transport across biological barriers, thereby improving drug delivery through topical application.

Methods:
Six rutin derivatives were synthesized based on the ester prodrug strategy. The synthesized
compounds were formulated as topical ointments, and their permeability via Franz diffusion
was measured. An ultraviolet (UV) analytical method was developed in our laboratories to quantify
rutin derivatives both as raw materials and in final dosage forms. The analytical method was then
validated.

Results:
The results of Franz diffusion analyses showed that transdermal permeability increased by
10_Fo.jpgl height=""d for decaacetylated rutin compared to the other esterified rutins. A simple analytical
method for the analysis of the formulated rutin ester was developed and validated. Moreover,
the formulated ointment of decaacetylated rutin in our research laboratory was found to be stable
under stability accelerated conditions. Synthesis of potentially more lipophilic compounds
would yield novel rutin prodrugs suitable for topical formulation.

Conclusion:
This project provides a synthetic approach for many similar natural products. The research
idea and strategy followed in this research project could be adapted by pharmaceutical and
herbal establishments.