bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proofs for the Existence of God: A Discussion with Richard Swinburne
Authors: Swinburne Richard , Meichanetsidis Vasileios 
Published: January 2025

Over the last 50 years, the English philosopher Richard Swinburne (b. 1934) has been a very influential proponent of philosophical arguments for the existence of God (natural theology). His major philosophical contributions lie in the areas of philosophy of science and philosophy of religion. From a general philosophical point of view, Swinburne stimulated much discussion with his early work in the philosophy of religion. He has also played a role (a) in the recent debate over the mind-body problem, and (b) in the debate on libertarian free will. Swinburne is also noted as one of the foremost current Christian apologists, arguing that faith in Christian God is rational and coherent in a rigorous philosophical sense. My discussion with Richard Swinburne revisits the analytic and non-analytic philosophy of religion. Above all, however, it aims at shedding light on Swinburne’s thought regarding some important philosophical issues, such as the Kantian arguments on the existence of God, the relationship between ratio and one’s immediate experience of God (empireia), “strong possibilities” the problem of the existence of evil in the world, but also the theological significance and value of Orthodoxy in contrast to other Christian creeds or even religions.
Increasing Public Interest in Online Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: An Analysis of Google Trends Data
Authors: Tan Qinyi , Zhang Ziqi , Teng Luyan 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Current evidence suggests that the shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted teaching and learning models. This study aims to quantify trends in public interest in different forms of education and associated online search behaviors during the pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to "nowcast" potential future scenarios concerning the evolution of online education.
Methods: Google Trends, a publicly available database, was employed to systematically and quantitatively analyze search query data for key terms related to online education. This study involved querying multiple search volumes for online education, identifying the most commonly used terms, and extracting data from the United States for the period between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2023. The results are presented using the Google metric 'search volume index' in relative terms.
Results: The public search interest for keywords related to online education experienced a significant surge starting in March 2020, followed by a gradual decline beginning in August 2020. When comparing the average relative search volume (RSV) changes for terms such as "online school," "online education," "online teaching," and "online learning" in the five months preceding and following March 1, 2020, the average search volumes increased by 46.6%, 30.7%, 103.8%, and 188.3%, respectively. Online search interest in e-learning software demonstrated a similar trend. Among platforms like Zoom, Skype, WebEx, and Google Meet, the majority of Google users displayed a clear preference for Zoom.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public interest in online education surged to unprecedented levels, potentially reshaping teaching and learning practices for the foreseeable future. This suggests that the integration and use of digital media in education hold significant potential and offer considerable room for further development.
A Sentiment Analysis Using Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Larasati Aisyah , Susanto Yohana Ruth Wulan Natalia , Mohamad Effendi , Purnama Agus Rachmad 
Published: January 2025

The Ministry of Communication and Information and the Ministry of BUMN of The Republic of Indonesia designed a mobile app “Peduli Lindungi” to be used to help the public and related government agencies in carrying out screening and tracing people's movement to stop the spread of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19).The existence of a mobile app, “Peduli Lindungi” triggers abundant different sentiments from the Indonesian community, either positive or negative sentiments. Based on the positive sentiment, the government of the Republic of Indonesia may have some feedback about the aspects of the app that should be maintained. In contrast, negative sentiments can be used as initial points of the potential improvement of the mobile app. This study applies a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) model to classify the user's reviews on Peduli Lindungi Application. FSVM can classify customers’ reviews into two or more classes and relatively results in higher accuracy than other classification approaches. The results of this study indicate that the classification of reviews with FSVM produces quite good accuracy with a value of 77%. A total correct prediction is 2192 reviews out of 2813 reviews.
Strategic Competition and its implications for international security
Authors: Banasik Mirosław , Chojnowski Lech 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThis article presents the results of research, which set out to clarify the concept of strategic competition and its practical consequences expressed in terms of threats to international security.Material and methodsLiterature analysis and criticism, non-participatory observation and case studies were used to solve the research problems.ResultsThe research process established that the essence of competition is the pursuit of power, security, wealth, influence and international status. Strategic competition is constantly intensifying, and their consequences are having a negative impact on global security. Revisionist powers and rogue regimes use corruption, predatory economic practices, propaganda, political subversion, proxy wars, threats of military force and nuclear blackmail to alter the existing international order.ConclusionsIt has been established that currently the main threat to global security is the Russian Federation.
Correlates of disappointment in a relationship of generations X, Y, Z: behavioural inhibition/activation system and sense of coherence
Authors: Baryła-Matejczuk Monika , Artymiak Małgorzata , Pawelec Marta 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe issue of mutual references, relationships and their quality is the centre of studies dealing with marriage and family. Fertility decline, increased number of divorces, increased expectations related to interpersonal relationships and at the same time a decline in the ability to establish and maintain such have been observed over the years by experts in various disciplines. Numerous attempts are made to define aspects of a successful relationship as one of the criteria for a fulfilling life. This study aims to explore the correlates of disappointment in a relationship among people from different generations (X, Y and Z).Material and methods595 people participated in the research, including 102 born between 1960 and 1975; 273 born between 1976 and 1996, and 220 born between 1997 and 2012. The correlates of relationship disappointment included temperamental ones, measured by the IPIP BIS/BAS questionnaire, and those related to life orientation, measured with the SOC-29 scale. The Good Marriage Questionnaire (KDM-2) was used to measure the quality of the relationship and assess the variable analysed.ResultsIn terms of the analysed variables, people from generations X Y and Z differ. Generation Z has the lowest tendency to work on and care for the relationship, the least close bond between partners and the lowest belief in mutual love, as well as the highest anxiety and the lowest sense of coherence.ConclusionsDisappointment with the relationship of members of the youngest generation is not related to their temperamental traits. The sense of coherence acts as a factor that protects relationships in each generation.
Normative determinants of effective management of municipal resources
Authors: Bentkowski Sebastian Krzysztof 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to present the legal determinants of effective management of municipal resources, including legal standards regulating the principles and methods of managing municipal property and finances, the obligations of entities responsible for the proper functioning of the municipal resource management system, as well as the legal basis for monitoring and assessing the effectiveness of municipal resource management.Material and methodsThe article uses a legal-dogmatic research method. The theses of this article are based mainly on publications by representatives of administrative law science, with references to the extent necessary to the achievements of management sciences.ResultsIdentification of the basic areas of administrative and legal regulations responsible for effective management of property and municipal finances, the indication of an important role of the owner’s supervision [in Polish: nadzór właścicielski] in achieving effective municipal property management and the risks associated with the use of management control to assess the effectiveness of municipal resource management.ConclusionsThe paper presents the normative determinants of the effectiveness of the management of the municipal resources in legal and methodological terms, explains the role of the municipality’s corporate governance in obtaining this effectiveness, and indicates the factors counteracting the ineffective management of the municipal property and finances.
It was established that legal formalization in this area is not very detailed, but it allows for achieving efficiency in the organizational and financial sphere to a certain extent.
Effect of selected formal and legal factors on the quality of life of individuals with limited mobility. Study findings
Authors: Jaworska Katarzyna , Zięty Jakub Jan , Krzykowski Michał 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesWithin the framework of the research project entitled “Usefulness of a robotic companion in light of determinants affecting the quality of life of persons with limited mobility”, a survey was conducted among a group of 1,064 respondents aged at least 15 years. One of the objectives of the survey was to determine the subjective assessment of the impact of selected factors of a formal and legal nature on the quality of life of persons with limited mobility. TMaterial and methodshe survey shows that among the respondents, there is a group of several percent of people for whom it is difficult or very difficult to meet a number of formal-legal requirements, such as taking advantage of the tax credit for people with disabilities or obtaining support from the social assistance system.ResultsIn this article, the authors present the results of a survey and identify and evaluate existing legal solutions aimed at supporting people with limited mobility.ConclusionsIt will be necessary to implement the necessary legislation. It is of particular importance to clearly regulate the responsibility for damage caused by an action (a felony) taken by artificial intelligence in the Polish legal system, especially the rules on which it should be based – fault, risk, or fairness. This is important, especially since individual types of responsibility imply different types of punishment and exemption.
Preparing for old age in a geragogic approach.
The conceptual assumptions for gerontological education of people aged 50+ “Towards a dignified and successful old age”
Authors: Leszczyńska-Rejchert Anna Maria 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to present a concept of gerontological education for people aged 50+ “Towards a dignified and successful old age” as part of the preparation for old age in a geragogic approach.Material and methodsThis paper presents a concept for gerontological education of people aged 50+ “Towards a dignified and successful old age” from the geragogic perspective. Geragogists stress that it is important in the age interval under analysis for an individual to take up or to intensify activities preparing them for old age, which such an individual should perceive as a life task. This concept is based theoretically on a holistic model of health, and it also refers to the concept of successful and positive ageing, the theory of education for old age and the theory of psychosocial development.ResultsOld age as a phase of human life is regarded in geragogy as a task of an individual. Geragogists stress that the quality of life in old age is a consequence of the quality of life in previous phases of one’s life. They assume that lifelong education favours successful ageing and dignified and successful old age. They propose that preparation for old age should start during earlier phases of life and during old age.ConclusionsFrom the geragogic perspective, people aged 50+ should take up or intensify their actions to prepare them for old age. It is important to carry out diverse actions in the physical, mental, social, spiritual and sexual spheres. Gerontological education for people aged 50+ as a form of preparation for old age should be part of lifelong learning because possessing knowledge and skills in this regard contributes to a better quality of life and well-being in medium and late adulthood.
The image of a school mediator in the opinion of pedagogy students
Authors: Lukasek Aleksandra Kinga 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyobraz mediatora szkolnego w opinii studentów pedagogiki APSMateriał i metodymetoda sondażu diagnostycznego....Wyniki1.	Zdaniem badanych mediator powinien być cierpliwy według 21,1% osób, i empatyczny w działaniu zdaniem 20 % i wzbudzać zaufanie 18, 4% badanych, hipoteza potwierdziła się częściowo.
2.	Zdaniem 28%osób badanych to umiejętność rozwiązywania konfliktów, hipoteza potwierdziła się.
3.	Mediator szkolny potrafi właściwie prowadzić dokumentację mediacyjną. Według respondentów 47,5% najważniejszą umiejętnością mediatora szkolnego jest prowadzenie dokumentacji mediacyjnej, hipoteza potwierdziła się.
4.	Według 53,3% respondentów ważny w pracy mediatora szkolnego jest ubiór, hipoteza potwierdziła się.
5. Według 25,6% respondentów, komunikatem niewerbalnym istotnym w pracy mediatora szkolnego jest kontakt wzrokowy. 23,1% respondentów zwróciłoby uwagę na intonację głosu, hipoteza potwierdziła się.
6.	Dokonując wyboru mediatora 39% badanych osób zwróciło by uwagę na postawę i osobowość mediatora, hipoteza nie potwierdziła się.WnioskiZ przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż zarówno cechy osobowości jak i jego umiejętności, kompetencje, mowa ciała odgrywają w opinii studentów pedagogiki bardzo istotną rolę w procesie mediacyjnym. dlatego kluczowe wydaje się przygotowanie do zawodu mediatora szkolnego, w związku z powyższym zasadne wydaje się podjęcie kolejnych badań wskazujących, jakiego typu działania należałoby podjąć kształcąc przyszłych mediatorów szkolnych, aby [przygotować ich do tej odpowiedzialnej roli
Marginalisation and stereotypes relating to the elderly in the context of social changes and family problems. Generation gap and methods of prevention in Poland
Authors: Łukaszewski Bartosz , Szot Leon , Kalinowski Mirosław , Niewiadomska Iwona 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe general aim of the present study is the sociological conceptualization of the problem of social marginalization and stereotypes relating to old people by the analysis of the “generation gap”, its factors and indicators as well as presentation of methods which may help counteract the exclusion and perception of such people under false, widely-held opinions.Material and methodsPresent social change in Poland was analyzed based on the European Social Survey 10 (ESS 10) data (created, selected subset containing style of life variables, health variables, satisfaction of life variables, economic and “everyday life variables” – certain kind of subjective well being index). The study also brings up the issues relating to offers of Universities of the Third Age (UTA) an the other institutions (case studies) as the ways to counteract the marginalization of old people.ResultsSubjective general state of health deteriorates by 26,6% (from the youngest respondents to the oldest age group). Paradoxically, also with age, the satisfaction of life increases by 6,9%. Next it should be stated that the perception of emotional, interpersonal relationships as the stable relationships, not flexible, based also on the traditional values and traditional way of defining the family, is negatively correlated with the age of individual (r=-0,319). It means that the gap between young and old generations is clearly noticeable and young age of individual influences on the contestation of the role of stable, emotional relationships and family in more than 10 percent (r²=0,101).ConclusionsThe present strategies of counteracting the social exclusions of elderly are effective strictly among them but are not effective in the context of the need of wider reconstruction of the social ties in the intergenerational perspective.
Determinants of investment attractiveness of countries and investment climate assessment methods. Survey analysis
Authors: Misztal Piotr , Kulakov Vasili 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe purpose of the research is the identification of important determinants shaping the investment attractiveness of the country from the point of view of potential investors and assessment the degree of stakeholder satisfaction with existing methods of examining the investment climate and their availability for practical use.Material and methodsIn order to achive the aim it was developed a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions. These questions were designed to assess the opinions of potential investors regarding the degree of influence of various factors on their decision on capital allocation and the investment climate of a country. The survey was conducted among 506 enterprises from Special Economic Zones in Poland.ResultsBased on the conducted research, we have developed a list of the most important factors, perceived by potential investors, shaping the investment climate of a country. The most important were economic as well non-economic factors. The study shows also that a qualitative methodology for assessing the investment climate should be based on a variety of analytical tools to provide a more complete and objective picture of the investment attractiveness of a given country.ConclusionsThe use of expert assessments, statistical data and stakeholder opinions allows for a better understanding of the investment context, risk and return potential. This study has important implications for companies and investors who are looking for reliable tools to assess the attractiveness of potential investment locations and make informed investment decisions.
Being happy in unhappy time: life satisfaction and subjective happiness in the background of demographic variables among female Syrian refugees, Poles and Turks
Authors: Nawrocka Joanna , Koprowicz Anna 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe main aim of our research was to explore if individuals may feel happy in difficult refugee conditions and whether demographic variables are connected to the level of happiness and the life satisfaction.Material and methodsThe perceived levels of happiness and of satisfaction with life were measured in three groups of women: Turkish, Polish and refugees from Syria living in Turkey. The life situation of female Syrian refugees seems to be more difficult than that of Turkish and Polish women who have not experienced the suffering associated with the war, leaving their country and adapting to new living conditions in a foreign environment. A total of 120 people took part in the study. The Subjective Happiness Scale and the Satisfaction With Life Scale were used in the research.ResultsThe obtained results indicate that Syrian women are less happy and satisfied with life than Polish and Turkish women. Their satisfaction with life and sense of happiness are not related to age, education levels and time of being a refugee. It turned out, however, that Syrian refugee women's senses of happiness and life satisfaction are associated with the incongruence between their learned profession and their current occupation.ConclusionsThe research results indicate that despite difficult refugee experiences, far away from homes new possibilities might be opened. This conclusion seems to be important for planning integration policies.
Contemporary manifestations of patriotism with particular information on social media
Authors: Nowicka Julia 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyidentyfikacja współczesnych form patriotyzmu PolakówMateriał i metodyWykorzystana metoda badawcza to analiza krytyczna literatury przedmiotu. Szczególne znaczenie poświęcono tu danym statystycznym generowanym przez różne ośrodki badawcze.
Dokonana analiza materiałów pierwotnych i wtórnych została przeprowadzona w mediach społecznościowych w na przełomie 2021 i 2022 r. Analizie poddano 419.211 publikacji, których zasięg określono na 949 mln.Wyniki•	Blisko 50% wpisów (48%) było spowodowane dyskusjami wokół polityki, obecnych wydarzeń. Ludzie często używają określeń związanych z patriotyzmem do opisu, oceny zachowań, osób, postaw.
•	W przypadku osób współczynnik postów odnoszących się do polityki i aktualnych wydarzeń w państwie wynosił ponad 60% (vs. 9% treści na fanpage’ach). Często słowa odnoszące się do patriotyzmu odnoszone były do przeciwników w sporach politycznych, i często te wypowiedzi miały charakter negatywny.
•	Większość treści na fanpege’ach dotyczyła rocznic historycznych i wydarzeń organizowanych wokół nich lub w celu promowania historii.
•	Blisko ¼ postów dotyczyła wydarzeń historycznych, rocznic, obchodów, wystąpień promujących historię.
•	Blisko ¾ postów (74%) było napisane przez osoby. Mężczyźni 3 razy częściej byli autorami postów (49% vs. 16% wszystkich treści). Wpisy mężczyzn częściej miały jednak charakter negatywny i rzadziej posiadały sentyment pozytywny niż posty kobietWnioskiZasadne jest badanie różnych form przejawów patriotyzmu określonych grup w określonym czasie. Wnioskuje się o postrzeganie patriotyzmu jako wartości aktualnej, nie zaś uniwersalnej. Kształtowanie poczucia patriotyzmu jest elementem budowania odporności społeczeństwa. Szczególnego znaczenia nabiera tu konieczność monitorowania stanu postaw (także w mediach społecznościowych) oraz edukacja.