bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverse methanogens, bacteria and tannase genes in the feces of the endangered volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi)
Authors: Montes-Carreto Leslie M. , Aguirre-Noyola José Luis , Solís-García Itzel A. , Ortega Jorge , Martinez-Romero Esperanza , Guerrero José Antonio 
Published: August 2021

Background
The volcano rabbit is the smallest lagomorph in Mexico, it is monotypic and endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is classified as endangered by Mexican legislation and as critically endangered by the IUCN, in the Red List. Romerolagus diazi consumes large amounts of grasses, seedlings, shrubs, and trees. Pines and oaks contain tannins that can be toxic to the organisms which consume them. The volcano rabbit microbiota may be rich in bacteria capable of degrading fiber and phenolic compounds.

Methods
We obtained the fecal microbiome of three adults and one young rabbit collected in Coajomulco, Morelos, Mexico. Taxonomic assignments and gene annotation revealed the possible roles of different bacteria in the rabbit gut. We searched for sequences encoding tannase enzymes and enzymes associated with digestion of plant fibers such as cellulose and hemicellulose.

Results
The most representative phyla within the Bacteria domain were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for the young rabbit sample (S1) and adult rabbit sample (S2), which was the only sample not confirmed by sequencing to correspond to the volcano rabbit. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were found in adult rabbit samples S3 and S4. The most abundant phylum within the Archaea domain was Euryarchaeota. The most abundant genera of the Bacteria domain were Lachnoclostridium (Firmicutes) and Acinetobacter (Proteobacteria), while Methanosarcina predominated from the Archaea. In addition, the potential functions of metagenomic sequences were identified, which include carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We obtained genes encoding enzymes for plant fiber degradation such as endo 1,4 β-xylanases, arabinofuranosidases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. We also found 18 bacterial tannase sequences.
Testosterone Correlation with Low and High Density Lipoprotein in Male Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Laghari Mubeena , Murtaza Shazia , Talpur Zuha , Hamid Mohsina , Adnan Faryal , Ahmed Arslan 
Published: August 2021

Aim: To determine correlation of serum testosterone with low and high density lipoprotein in male type 2 Diabetics presenting at a tertiary care hospital of Sindh.
Methodology: A cross sectional study, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital from January 2018 to February 2019. One hundred male type 2 diabetics (cases) and one hundred age matched male (control) were selected through non – probability purposive sampling. Male diagnosed cases of DM belonging to 4th to 6th decade of life was included. Blood samples were collected by venesection and sera were squeezed by centrifugation and stored at – 20 0C in refrigerators. Testosterone was estimated by the ELISA (competitive immuno- assay) assay method and blood lipids - cholesterol, triglycerides (TAGs), LDLc and HDLc by colorimetric method. Pearson`s correlation was generated on Statistical software SPSS 21.0 version (IBM, Incorp, USA) for correlation of serum testosterone with lipids fractions (P≤0.05).
Results: Age shows majority of male type 2 diabetics were in their 5th decade. We found low serum testosterone level (10.85±4.7 mmol/L) in cases compared to normal testosterone level (13.39±3.8 mmol/L) in control (P=0.0001). Pearson`s correlation shows inverse association with HDLc (r= -0.70) (P=0.0001) and positive association with LDLc (r= 0.670) (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: We found low serum testosterone in male type 2 diabetics that showed negative correlation with high density lipoprotein (HDLc) and positive correlation with low density lipoprotein (LDLc).
Surgical Site Infection Incidence Following Hip Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Keerio Niaz Hussain , Shah Ghazanfar Ali , Afzal Tanveer , Khanzada Aftab Alam , Joyo Muhammad Rafique , Ahmed Nizam , Noor Syed Shahid 
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the incidence of surgical site infection among patients with hip fracture and undergo a surgical procedure for management. And to spotlight on the risk factors which may lead to surgical site infection among them. Also, to look for other complications following the surgery.
Methods: This is a descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted at Orthopedic Department, Mohammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas, Pakistan for one-year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. All patients had hip fracture and received management at the department of orthopedic. All patients were adults and older than 20 years of age. Data was analyzed using SPSS program.
Results: The study included 103 patients who had hip fractures. The most frequent age group was 40-50 years. Patients had a mix of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for developing surgical site infection. The incidence rate of surgical site infection in this study was 3.2%. It was correlated to having hypertension and diabetes as complications.
Conclusion: This study aimed to spotlight on the SSI following hip surgeries and to look for complications and risk factors. We noticed that the SSI rate among the study populations is almost similar as the worldwide range. This is due to the agreed protocol for managing patients. However, there is a need for log-term follow up for our patient to discover the cases of delayed SSI.
Study on outlier robustness of minimum variance control performance assessment
Authors: Kaczmarek Kacper , Domański Paweł D. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryMinimum variance (MinVar) method for control performance assessment constitutes one of the most common approaches to the control quality estimation. There are dozens of versions, enriched with numerous reported industrial implementations. MinVar methodology uses the idea of minimum variance, which has been introduced by Kalman. Therefore, it should be remembered that MinVar concept relies on the same assumptions as an idea of the minimum variance control. Among other assumptions, it is essential that the modeled disturbance is an independent random sequence. This article addresses scenarios, when loop noise exhibits non‐Gaussian properties and is characterized by outliers having fat‐tailed distribution. Sensitivity analysis of minimum variance method against such disturbances is evaluated using commonly used PID SISO control benchmarks. It is shown that MinVar method may be significantly biased in such non‐Gaussian situations, which are very frequent in the industrial reality. Reasons of the biased performance are traced and respective solutions are proposed.
Truth and Myth of Phase Coexistence in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Film via Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Deng Yu‐Hao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted substantial interest as the most favorable prospective material for efficient photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. However, their extreme sensitivity to electron beam radiation makes it difficult to obtain their intrinsic structure by transmission electron microscopy and can even lead to significant misidentifications. In 2018, the coexistence of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) in the cubic and tetragonal phase using electron microscopy and electron diffraction techniques was reported in article “Self‐Organized Superlattice and Phase Coexistence inside Thin Film Organometal Halide Perovskite”. Herein, however, that claim is challenged by comparing their experimental data to simulated diffraction patterns and arguing that their perovskite samples may have been damaged due to excessive electron beam irradiation. Consequently, true phase coexistence was not observed in that previously reported work, rather merely the decomposition products of MAPbI3.
Designing Anti‐Icing Surfaces by Controlling Ice Formation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoteng , Sun Yuling , Liu Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the formation of ice from supercooled water on a surface is a matter of fundamental importance and general use. Kinetics of ice nucleation and ice growth on solid surfaces are actively studied, based on which effective anti‐icing surfaces are designed. This review introduces one major breakthrough of experimental estimation of the critical ice nucleus size in heterogenous ice nucleation (HIN). Besides that, targeted anti‐icing strategies are summarized according to the icing steps: suppression of ice nucleation, regulation of ice growth, and reducing ice adhesion. Factors such as crystal lattice match, charge, and ions, etc., are found to have determined effects on the HIN in specific circumstances. This promotes the study of surfaces with ice nucleation inhibition properties. Recent research about distinct ice growth patterns on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces provides a new insight of designing icephobic surfaces by regulating ice growth or spreading processes. At last, effective surfaces including lubricated surface, low interfacial toughness surface, and superhydrophobic surface are developed to significantly reduce ice adhesion strength. The robustness, cost, and manufacture complexity can be problems that need to be considered for the widespread practice of anti‐icing surfaces.
Enhancing Iridium Nanoparticles’ Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity and Stability by Adjusting the Coverage of Titanium Oxynitride Flakes on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons’ Support
Authors: Moriau Léonard , Koderman Podboršek Gorazd , Surca Angelja Kjara , Semsari Parpari Sorour , Šala Martin , Petek Urša , Bele Marjan , Jovanovič Primož , Genorio Bostjan , Hodnik Nejc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogen production from solar energy is currently considered the best alternative to fossil fuels. Thus, materials enabling efficient and sustainable energy conversion and storage need to be developed. Iridium is still the only material used in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers that efficiently catalyze hydrogen evolution counter‐reaction, namely, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for electrochemical water splitting in acidic media. With no practical alternatives that can sustain the harsh reaction conditions, new approaches need to be developed to increase the utilization of this scarce metal. Hereby, a carbon–ceramic nanocomposite material is investigated, where Ir nanoparticles and nanoflakes of titanium oxynitride (TiONx) are deposited on the surface of reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (rGONRs). OER performance is shown to be dependent on the mutual distribution of the Ir–TiONx–rGONR phases and in the best case leads up to 30 times higher activity relative to the commercial IrO2 benchmark. Adjusting the domains of different chemical nature within the same hybrid nanocomposite material through the formation of heterojunctions is shown to boost OER performance. This work demonstrates how fine‐tuning of morphology, composition, and particle distribution of the carbon–ceramic catalytic material can introduce a strong synergistic effect on OER activity and stability of iridium.
Flat Retroreflector Based on a Metasurface Doublet Enabling Reliable and Angle‐Tolerant Free‐Space Optical Link
Authors: Li Hongliang , Lee Woo‐Bin , Zhou Changyi , Choi Duk‐Yong , Lee Sang‐Shin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFacilitated by the ability to reflect radiation along its incident direction, retroreflectors have been perceived as a pivotal component for establishing reliable free‐space optical links. However, conventional retroreflectors suffer from limited integration because of their bulky size, heavy weight, and nonplanar shape. Metasurface‐based devices consisting of subwavelength nanostructures combine semiconductor manufacturing methods with nanophotonics, regarded as a new platform that outperforms geometrical optics. In this paper, a free‐space optical link exploiting a flat retroreflector (FRR) based on metasurface doublet is proposed and realized at a telecommunications wavelength of 1550 nm. The top‐ and bottom‐layer metasurfaces, comprising hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanopillars based on a meticulously tailored dielectric spacer of silica, achieve the functions of a transmissive Fourier lens and a concave mirror, respectively. The top transmissive metasurface performs a spatial Fourier transform and its inverse, while the bottom reflective metasurface imposes a spatially varying momentum for reflecting beams along their incident direction. As a proof of concept, the designed FRR, precisely created via lithographical nanofabrication, has been readily applied to forge a substantially reliable free‐space optical link, featuring an enhanced angular tolerance of ±25°. This work will initiate a positive prospect for the cooperation between metasurface‐based devices and wireless optical communications.
Yield and nutrient removal of cotton–corn–soybean rotation systems fertilized with poultry litter
Authors: Tewolde Haile , Buehring Normie , Way Thomas R. , Feng Gary , He Zhongqi , Sistani Karamat R. , Jenkins Johnie N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExporting excess mineral nutrients from soils that receive repeated poultry litter (PL) applications may be enhanced by rotating crops and fertilizers that increase crop yield. This study determined the magnitude of yield enhancement and mineral nutrient removal at harvest by cotton–corn–soybean rotation systems and by PL‐synthetic fertilizer rotations. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were grown in rotation for 5 yr with five fertility treatments which included an unfertilized control (UTC), a standard fertilization with synthetic fertilizers yearly, phosphorus‐based poultry litter application every year for 5 yr (P5L), nitrogen‐based poultry litter application for 5 yr (N5L), and nitrogen‐based poultry litter application for 2 yr followed by synthetic nitrogen fertilization for 3 yr (N2L). The results showed that the N2L treatment, an alternative to the P‐based PL management, increased the yield of all three crops and enhanced nutrient mining and removal. All three treatments that involved PL fertilization increased soybean yield by as much as 12% over the Std. Rotation did not affect the yield of any of the three crops, but continuous cotton removed the least amount of nutrients. Rotations that included two soybean crops in the 5 yr removed the most amount of nutrients. The best strategy of managing PL where the three crops are grown in rotation is to fertilize cotton with PL to supply 100% of its N need followed by growing soybean without applying any fertilization in the subsequent 2 or 3 yr.
Multiple births and low birth weight: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Cho Hyunkuk , Lee Yong Woo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe proportion of multiple births has risen rapidly worldwide. Multiple births are likely to affect birth weight, which results in low birth weight (LBW) of less than 2500 g, possibly, because multiples are more likely to be born prematurely or less than 37 weeks into pregnancy. Using data from South Korea, this study aims to estimate the contribution of the rise in multiples to the rise in LBW incidence.MethodsBased on data from 2000 to 2017, we estimated the effect of multiples on LBW rates using linear regression analysis. Based on the regression analysis and the change in the proportion of multiples during this period, we calculated the contribution of the rise in multiples to the rise in LBW incidence using the total differential. In other words, we divided the change in LBW during the period due to the change in multiples by the total change during the period. The data are from the birth registry of the National Statistical Office, which contains information on the 8.4 million live births during the period 2000–2017.ResultsWe found that a 1 percentage point increase in multiples increases the proportion of LBWs by 0.495 percentage points. In addition, because the changes in the proportion of multiples and LBWs from 2000 to 2017 are 2.2 and 2.4 percentage points, respectively, 1.1 percentage points or 45.8% of the increase in LBWs over the period is due to the increase in multiples.ConclusionSince the Korean government introduced a measure to reduce the number of transferred embryos recently, one may expect that multiples in Korea would reduce in the near future, as it did in other countries. Subsequently, the incidence of LBW children is also likely to reduce, which is desirable in terms of the children's health outcomes.
Proton Traffic Jam: Effect of Nanoconfinement and Acid Concentration on Proton Hopping Mechanism
Authors: Adams Ellen M. , Hao Hongxia , Leven Itai , Rüttermann Maximilian , Wirtz Hanna , Havenith Martina , Head‐Gordon Teresa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe properties of the water network in concentrated HCl acid pools in nanometer‐sized reverse nonionic micelles were probed with TeraHertz absorption, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, and reactive force field simulations capable of describing proton hopping mechanisms. We identify that only at a critical micelle size of W0=9 do solvated proton complexes form in the water pool, accompanied by a change in mechanism from Grotthuss forward shuttling to one that favors local oscillatory hopping. This is due to a preference for H+ and Cl− ions to adsorb to the micelle interface, together with an acid concentration effect that causes a “traffic jam” in which the short‐circuiting of the hydrogen‐bonding motif of the hydronium ion decreases the forward hopping rate throughout the water interior even as the micelle size increases. These findings have implications for atmospheric chemistry, biochemical and biophysical environments, and energy materials, as transport of protons vital to these processes can be suppressed due to confinement, aggregation, and/or concentration.
Zinc‐[7]helicenocyanine and Its Discrete π‐Stacked Homochiral Dimer
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger , Lambert Christoph , Ravat Prince 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this communication, we demonstrate a novel approach to prepare a discrete dimer of chiral phthalocyanine (Pc) by exploiting the flexible molecular geometry of helicenes, which enables structural interlocking and strong aggregation tendency of Pcs. Synthesized [7]helicene‐Pc hybrid molecular structure, zinc‐[7]helicenocyanine (Zn‐7HPc), exclusively forms a stable dimeric pair consisting of two homochiral molecules. The dimerization constants were estimated to be as high as 8.96×106 M−1 and 3.42×107 M−1 in THF and DMSO, respectively, indicating remarkable stability of dimer. In addition, Zn‐7HPc exhibited chiral self‐sorting behavior, which resulted in preferential formation of a homochiral dimer also in the racemic sample. Two phthalocyanine subunits in the dimeric form strongly communicate with each other as revealed by a large comproportionation constant and observation of an IV‐CT band for the thermodynamically stable mixed‐valence state.
Experimental and simulative investigation of a multistage 2K injection molding process of PA6 and EPDM
Authors: Teich Sebastian , Haberstroh Edmund , Giese Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFor investigations on a two‐stage multicomponent injection molding process adhesion‐modified polyamide 6 and EPDM with sulfur‐curing system are used. The influence of different process temperatures is investigated on the basis of a DoE test plan with 15 factor level combinations. Within the scope of additional, more in‐depth investigations, special focus was given to the preheating temperature of the thermoplastic insert. In addition to the experimental work, results from simulations are used to assess the influencing factors. This approach allows a more precise description of the influence of temperature equilibration processes on the crosslinking reaction, especially near the interface between the two components. It is shown that the preheating temperature of the hard component (thermoplastic) in particular has a significant influence on the time course of the crosslinking reaction and ultimately on adhesion to the thermoplastic substrate.
High‐Loading Pt Single‐Atom Catalyst on CeO2‐Modified Diatomite Support
Authors: Zhou Yang , Xi Wei , Xie Zixin , You Zhixin , Jiang Xunzhu , Han Bing , Lang Rui , Wu Chuande 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysis has become a new branch in heterogeneous catalysis. Although the naturally produced SiO2‐based materials are abundant and stable, fabrication of single‐atom catalysts on such supports with high loading remains as a formidable challenge due to the lack of bonding sites to anchor the isolated metal species. Herein, modifying the diatomite, a kind of pure SiO2 mineral, with CeO2 nanoparticles is demonstrated to increase the defect sites on the support. The enhanced metal‐support interaction maintains the atomic dispersion of Pt species with above 1 wt.% loading, exhibiting good performance in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene.
Metal‐facilitated Photocatalytic Nanohybrids: Rational Design and Promising Environmental Applications
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Qin Neng , Cui Hongbo , Guan Guijian , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a promising technique to potentially address the energy crisis and environmental issues, photocatalysis has been reported widely to exhibit various outstanding behaviors in production of new fuels/chemicals and treatment of contaminants. The photocatalytic performance is extremely dependent on the used photocatalysts, so that the design and preparation of efficient photocatalysts are critically important for significantly improving the photocatalytic activity. Among various strategies, the hybridization of metal with semiconductors has recently been attracting more and more research interest owing to their expended spectral absorption, promoted transferring rate of charge carriers and Plasmon‐enhanced effect. In this minireview, the metal‐facilitated hybrid photocatalysts are overviewed comprehensively to first reveal unique functions of metals in improvement of photoactivity and summarize the emerging metal‐involved hybrid systems. Subsequently, the synthetic methods towards hybrid photocatalysts are introduced and their practical applications are emphasized in environmental remediation including degradation of organic pollutants, conversion of harmful gases, treatment of heavy metal ions and sterilization of bacteria. At the end, the challenges for industrializing these hybrid photocatalysts are discussed carefully and future development is suggested rationally.