bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfred Wegeners theorie van continentendrift en haar rivalen
Authors: Weber Erik 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift and its Rivals. Rational Disagreement and Rational Consensus in the Earth Sciences

Alfred Wegener launched the idea of continental drift (lateral motion of continents on the earth) early in the 20th century. In the period 1915-1930 he did not succeed to convince his fellow earth scientist to leave behind their old permanentist or contractionist theories and adopt his new theory. In the second half of the 20th century – between 1960 and 1975 – continental drift quickly became the dominant theory in the earth sciences. In this paper I analyse both episode by means of methodological concepts developed by Larry Laudan. I argue that the disagreement in the early days as well as the quickly emerging consensus in the second period are rational.
LTstep: inovatyvi nešiojamoji eisenos analizavimo sistema su tiesioginiu grįžtamuoju ryšiu
Authors: Ramanauskas Martynas , Kučinskas Gintaras , Rataitė Birutė 
Published: May 2021

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami žmogaus kūno dalių judesio analizės ir eisenos stebėjimo bei analizės būdai, kurie yra labai svarbūs reabilitacijos ir sporto mokslo srityje. Eisenos parametrai dažniausiai kinta vyresniame amžiuje arba esant tam tikroms patologijoms: galvos smegenų insultui, Parkinsono ligai, trauminiui galvos smegenų pažeidimui, išsėtinei sklerozei, būklėms po traumų ar chirurginių intervencijų, o jauname amžiuje pagrindiniai – judamojo aparato pažeidimai. Tyrimo tikslas buvo sukurti „LTstep“ judesio analizės sistemos prototipą su grįžtamuoju ryšiu, kurį būtų galima naudoti klientams / pacientams ištirti, namų reabilitacijos programai įgyvendinti bei treniruojant sportininkus, siekiant aukštesnių sportinių rezultatų arba nustatyti pagrindinius traumų rizikos veiksnius.
Olga Tokarczuk’s The Books of Jacob: The Revolution in Language
Authors: Kantner Katarzyna , Aleksandrowicz Marta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By reading Księgi Jakubowe [The Books of Jacob, 2014]1 as the story of the development and subsequent decline of the Frankist “discursive revolution” started by Jacob Frank, this article presents Tokarczuk’s novel as a unique archeology of modernity—the moment of intense anxiety and clash between the old and the new, between metaphysics and reason. In doing so, it suggests that language in Tokarczuk’s novel is an “act” whose causative and protean dimension generates tensions in the field of power and shapes religious, social, and political realities. By engaging Gershom Scholem’s writings on the Judaic messianic tradition and “messianic activism,” Agata BielikRobson’s “cryptotheologies,” Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnival, and Bruno Latour’s reflections on religious language whose translational energy has the potential to generate new forms of human experience, the article draws attention to ambivalence at the core of the Frankist discourse — on the one hand, the Frankist discourse presented in The Books of Jacob enlivens, emancipates and seduces its followers and on the other hand, it isolates, terrorizes and intimidates them. By examining the ambivalent figure of Frank in Tokarczuk’s novel as a heretic, fabulator, translator and, finally, an ideologue, this article traces a gradual movement away from the anarchic and subversive currents that gave rise to the Frankist discursive revolution, toward dogmatic and authoritarian rigidity that led to its fall.
Detection of Cross-Resistance Between Methotrexate and Azoles in Candida albicans and Meyerozyma guilliermondii: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Karuga Filip Franciszek , Góralska Katarzyna , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of
Candida
infections. The different species of the genus
Candida
vary in their virulence abilities and susceptibility to antifungal agents, depending on several external factors. The result of such modifications may be cross-resistance, which is understood as an acquired resistance to a certain antimicrobial agent after exposure to another drug. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of cross-resistance between fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, and methotrexate in
Candida albicans
and
Meyerozyma guilliermondii
(syn.
Candida guilliermondii
). Fifteen strains of
M. guilliermondii
and eight strains of
C. albicans
, including the standard strains, were tested. For all strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole were determined before and after stimulation with methotrexate. The median MICs in
M. guilliermondii
before and after stimulation were 9.333 and 64 mg/L (
p
= 0.005) for fluconazole; 0.917 and 1.667 mg/L (
p
= 0.001) for itraconazole, respectively. No significant change in MIC was observed for voriconazole. For
C. albicans
strains, the median MICs before and after stimulation were 0.917 and 64 mg/L (
p
= 0.012) for fluconazole; 0.344 and 1.135 mg/L (
p
= 0.018) for voriconazole, respectively. There was no significant change in MIC values for itraconazole. Thus, this study demonstrates the presence of cross-resistance between voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and methotrexate for the selected strains. Methotrexate exposure induces different responses when certain drugs are used for various species. Therefore, if a patient was previously exposed to methotrexate, there may be a higher risk of treatment failure with fluconazole than with other azoles such as voriconazole for fungemia caused by
M. guilliermondii
or itraconazole for
C. albicans
infection.
Rendimiento académico y su relación con variables socioemocionales en estudiantes chilenos de contextos vulnerables
Authors: Vera Sagredo Angélica , Cerda Etchepare Gamal , Aragón Mendizábal Estíbaliz , Pérez Wilson Carlos 
Published: May 2021

La declarada equidad educativa en el contexto chileno ha sido contrastadapermanentemente como una dificultad para los estudiantes que se encuentran en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social. En consecuencia, es procedente analizar factores no estructurales que puedan ser abordados por la comunidad educativa.Existe gran evidencia de la incidencia sobre el rendimiento educativo de ciertasvariables como son los estilos atributivos, las estrategias de autorregulación, laconvivencia escolar o el autoconcepto académico, pero un análisis específico yconjunto de estas variables para las realidades vulnerables podría entregar indicios a las comunidades educativas para priorizar e implementar oportunidades de mejora. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar el efecto conjunto de los factores mencionados respecto del logro académico de estudiantes de tercer y cuarto año medio de centros educativos chilenos vulnerables. En el estudio participaron alumnos de enseñanza secundaria de contextos de alta vulnerabilidad social (N=1498). Para la recogida de datos se emplearon cuatro encuestas tipo escala Likert que fueron aplicadas de forma masiva y on line. Mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, los resultados dan cuenta que el autoconcepto académico obtuvo la mayor significación estadística (β=.22; p<.05), seguida de las estrategias de autorregulación (β=.12; p<.05). También se observó que el factor de indisciplina obtuvo una asociación significativa, pero inversa (β=-.22; p<.05) con las calificaciones de los estudiantes. Las correlaciones entre las variables también fueron significativas, observándose una fuerte correlación del rendimiento escolar con las estrategias de autorregulación y el autoconcepto académico. Las conclusiones se centran en la anticipación y prevención de situaciones de indisciplina, la promoción de un autoconcepto académico positivo y la implementación de programas específicos que contribuyan a la mejora de lasestrategias de autorregulación, consideradas como prácticas o acciones situadasdentro del margen de actuación de la comunidad educativa.
Aulas afectivas e inclusivas y bienestar adolescente: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Iglesias-Díaz Patricia , Romero-Pérez Clara 
Published: May 2021

El ambiente de aula percibido por los estudiantes incide de forma significativa en su aprendizaje y desarrollo de la personalidad. El profesorado puede contribuir a promover el bienestar adolescente y la inclusión a través del ambiente de aula. Los estudios sobre clima de aula, bienestar adolescente e inclusión en educación secundaria son minoritarios en comparación con los existentes en educación infantil y primaria. En este contexto, los objetivos de este trabajo son los siguientes: (a) analizar las relaciones entre un clima de aula afectivo e inclusivo con el bienestar adolescente; (b) sistematizar las competencias docentes más apropiadas para dinamizar la calidad afectiva e inclusiva del ambiente de aula en educación secundaria. Para responder a los objetivos del estudio, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura y se han seguido las directrices marcadas en la declaración PRISMA para revisiones sistemáticas científicas. Para la revisión metodológica, se evaluaron los artículos con la herramienta JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Se consultaron las bases de datos ERIC y Web of Science. El período de búsqueda comprendió desde 2016 a 2020. La revisión se realizó sobre la base de 32 estudios seleccionados. Los resultados obtenidos ofrecen evidencias contrastadas del impacto de un ambiente afectivo e inclusivo de aula en el bienestar adolescente de educación secundaria. Asimismo, se demuestra el papel destacado del profesorado en la promoción de un ambiente amigable e integrador de aula y la necesidad de formación en competencias emocionales, interpersonales e interculturales. Se concluye que un clima de aula afectivo e inclusivo promueve no solo un desarrollo óptimo de la personalidad en la etapa de la adolescencia, sino que también impulsa la socialización en los valores de aprecio y respeto a la diversidad.
Trauma Psycho Social Support Plus® and EMDR therapy for children and adolescents in a post-conflict setting
Authors: Hofmann Frank , Goihl Mirjam , Hase Michael , Hase Adrian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract: Being confronted with the alarming situation in countries like Iraq and Syria – areas shaped by war, of people having lost their homes and suffering from horrible experiences - TraumaAid has designed and conducted a training program, especially for health workers in refugee camps.
Clearly the intervention would have to adjust to specific circumstances; it would need a method adapted to another language and culture, an approach that could be used in a not-yet-secure situation with an undetermined number of sessions with every client.
Resilience is an important aspect enabling people who suffered from different traumata to resume an everyday life again. Resource installation is a basic technique in EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) which intensifies an integral awareness of individual resources for the client. As easy as this method may seem, a careful priming for its actual use is required. A profound understanding of how a traumatic experience affects body, thoughts and emotions is needed as background knowledge. Moreover qualified skills concerning the interaction with children are needed to be able to establish a trustful relationship in the first place.
The following article describes a pilot project in Kurdistan / Northern Iraq - a training for psychologists, social workers and other mental health professionals working in different refugee camps. The aim was to provide the staff members with background knowledge of the dynamics of traumatization and teach them how to use resource installation in a responsible way to work with children, adolescents and their parents.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the level of depression among health care workers: cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Mutairi Alya , Ambani Zainab , Shamsan Abbas , AlMahmoud Sana , Alhumaid Saad 
Published: May 2021

Background
The outbreak of the novel Corona Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly to many countries leading to thousands of deaths globally. The burden of this pandemic has affected the physical and mental health of the frontline health care workers (HCWs) who are exposed to high risk of infection and psychological stressors.

Aims
The aim is to measure the level of depression among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic to establish interventional strategies.

Method
A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to conduct the current study. The data of this study was recruited between 15 June and 15 July 2020 from healthcare providers who work in both public and private healthcare sectors in Riyadh and Eastern province in Saudi Arabia utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group (IRB Log No. RC20.06.88-2). Data were collected by using The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale SDS. A total of 900 healthcare providers working in the healthcare setting during COVID-19 pandemic were invited to participate in the study. A total of 650 healthcare providers participated in the study by completing and submitting the survey.

Results
Almost 30% suffered from depression which can be divided into three categories; mild depression (26.2%), moderate/major (2.5%) and severe/extreme (0.8%). The finding shows that the level of depression among respondents at the age range of 31–40 years old was significantly higher than the level of depression among respondents with the age above 50 years old. Non-Saudi healthcare workers experienced more depression than Saudi workers. It also shows how nurses suffered from depression compared to their physician colleagues. Those who did not suffer from sleeping disorder perceived more depression as compared to those who are having sleeping disorder.

Conclusion
It is recommended that health care facilities should implement strategies to reduce the prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare providers and eventually it will improve their performance in provision of safe and high-quality care for patients.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Plumbagozeylanica L. Roots and Its Aphrodisiac Effect in Male Rats
Authors: Onen Patrick , Ocira Daniel , Omara Timothy , Nyeko Jacob , Okwir Augastine 
Published: May 2021

Aim: To perform phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica L. root extracts and assess the claim of its use in traditional management of erectile dysfunction in Uganda through evaluation of the aphrodisiac effect of its aqueous extracts in male Wistar rats.
Study Design: This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs.
Place and Duration of Study: All research work were performed at the Department of Biological Sciences, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda between August 2019 and December 2019.
Methodology: Classical phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Plumbago zeylanica roots were performed following standard methods. Aqueous extracts were administered to Male Wistar rats and the effect of the extracts on the mounting and intromission frequencies were determined.
Results: Glycosides, phenols, saponins, quinones, terpenoids and steroids were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were present in methanolic extracts only while tannins and phlobatannins were only present in aqueous extracts. Flavonoids, coumarins and anthraquinones were not detected in both extracts. Aqueous root extracts of Plumbago zeylanica produced pro-sexual stimulatory effects in male rats when administered at 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight.
Conclusion: The results support the use of Plumbago zeylanicaroots by indigenous people in Uganda to increase libido, treat premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. The extracts had low sexual enhancement in sexually inexperienced male rats and therefore, further studies using experienced animal models are needed to better apprehend the prosexual effects of P. zeylanica roots. The toxicity of the extracts as well as structural elucidation and pharmacological evaluation of the responsible bioactive compounds merit further studies.
Chilean Educational Reform (2014-2018) and its Impact on Higher Education System
Authors: Morales Valdés José Manuel 
Published: May 2021

During the second term of the President Michelle Bachelet (2014-2018), a transversal educational reform was carried out. To tertiary education its main purpose was to provide free tuition for higher education institutions (HEIs): Universities, Technical Training Centers (CFT) and Professional Institutes (IP). In that context, this paper analyzes the impact of this educational reform as it pertains to the Chilean system of higher education, with special focus on the implementation of free tuition as a new way to transfer resources from the State to HEIs.
The methods used is the documental analysis of different legal texts, as Acts and Budget Acts. They are analyzing to identify manifestations of governmental rationality, identifying the language-in-use or its performative dimension.
The analysis considers political variables and how they influenced the process. Its focus is to see legal and institutional changes along with public budget and the impact of HEIs enrolment. The results indicate that despite the significant transformations carried out in the sphere of higher education, the reform could not achieve a significant change in the relationship between the State and HEIs due to the political dispute that arose in the process, thus achieving mixed results.
Chilean higher education provides an interesting case study which can serve as reference for educational debates in other countries.
Novel Rapid Validated TLC- Densitometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Three Co-formulated Drugs used for Deep Tooth Inflammation Treatment
Authors: Marouf Mohammad , Kawas Ghoufran , Sakur Amir Alhaj 
Published: May 2021

A new use of a tertiary antibiotic combination of ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and metronidazole is currently being studied as an intracranial (intracranial) drug in an effort to disinfect the root canal system to revitalize the tooth with dead pulp. It is necessary to developing analytical method for the new drug combination.
Herein we developed a rapid validated thin-layer chromatography (TLC)‒densitometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 3 co-formulated drugs used for deep tooth inflammation Treatment. The studied drugs are Ciprofloxacin.HCL (CIP), Clindamycin phosphate (CLI) and Metronidazole(MET). The separation was achieved by using silica gel 60 F254 plates (20*20 cm) as stationary Phase and the developing system of Dichloromethane:n-Hexane:methanol:Ethylamine:Triethylamine (40:20:32:3:5)v/v.
Densitometry scanning was performed at 220 nm. The Rf values of CIP, CLI and MET were found to be 0.588, 0.776 and 0.898 respectively.
The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and was successfully applied for the analysis of ternary lab made mixture, containing the cited ternary mixture without interference from excipients. There is no previously published TLC–densitometry method for the determination of the previously mentioned ternary mixture. The suggested method is novel, rapid, accurate, reproducible and of low cost, so; thus, it can be used for quality control analysis of these formulations.
Results of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries by Arthroscopic Reconstruction Using Semitendinosus Tendon
Authors: Valecha Nuresh Kumar , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Qureshi Masood Ahmed , Hussain Syed Sajid , Saqlain Hassan Amir us , Shah Ghazanfar Ali , Noor Syed Shahid 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the surgical management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries by arthroscopic reconstruction using semitendinosus grafts.
Methodolgy: This study was conducted by Dibba Hospital Fujairah, United Arab Emirates from March 2017- to March 2020. A total of 40 patients were selected for this research. In our study, we used arthroscopy assisted ACL reconstruction technique with single bundle quadrupled semitendinosus tendon autograft. This autograft was inserted from the ipsilateral limb with the help of endobutton femoral side of graft was fixed and with bioabsorbable screw tibial side of graft was stabilized. A single surgeon performed all the surgeries.
Results: In our observations, we reported that the majority of the patients had exposure of ACL injury in their middle adult age (32-38 years old) due to high engagement in physical activities (67.8%) like biking, playing sports and many others. The ratio of right knee injury site was comparatively high (53.5%) than the left one (46.4%).
Conclusion: From the results, we concluded that the younger age group is more prone to anterior Cruciate ligament injury. ACL reconstruction with Semitendinosus tendon autograft helps in maintaining knee movement and assist in early knee stability.
Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus Treatment (EPSIT): Is a New Minimally Invasive Treatment in Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Dal Nawaz Ali , Abro Arshad Hussain , Memon Muhammad Anwar , Memon Ahmer Akbar , Mallah Muhammad Qasim , Khoso Danish Haider , Shaikh Ubedullah 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the outcome of endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSIT): Is a new minimally invasive treatment in pilonidal sinus.
Study Design: This is a observational study.
Setting: Study carried out at General Surgery department, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, form March 2020 to Feb 2021.
Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 20-40 years, both gender having sinus in the cleft of the buttocks on clinical examination with associated symptoms like pain when sitting or standing, reddened, sore skin around the area, pus or blood draining from sinus, hair protruding from the lesion and formation of more than one sinus tract, or holes in the skin were included in this study. Patients with abscess and recurrent pilonidal sinus were excluded. Outcome measurements were postoperative pain, return to normal daily activities and complication rates including infection, recurrence.
Results: 44 patients with Pilonidal Sinus were included in this study. 15 to 40 years with mean age ± SD (range) was 26.56±4.1 years. 40(90.90%) were male where as 4(9.09%) were females. Mostly patients have single external openings in 37(84.09%) patients with midline opening location in 26(59.09%) patients. The mean operative time±SD (range) was 21.09±3.62 minutes (15 to 45 min). According to the visual analog scale (VAS) score for postoperative pain assessment after 48 hours of surgery, 36 patients (81.81%) reported a VAS between 1 to 3, and 8(18.18%) reported a score between 4 to 6. Postoperative wound infection was seen in one case 2.27% while recurrence was observed in two cases 4.54%. The overall healing rate was 93.18%. The mean time to return to normal daily activities was 6.1±11 (range, 2–15) days.
Conclusion: To conclude that the EPSiT is safe, effective, simple, repeatable and very welcomed by the patients if explained correctly. We can say that EPSiT can be labeled as a day surgery, with fast post-operative recovery and early return to work.