bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiparametric estimation and model selection for conditional mixture copula models
Authors: Liu Guannan , Long Wei , Yang Bingduo , Cai Zongwu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConditional copula models allow the dependence structure among variables to vary with covariates, and thus can describe the evolution of the dependence structure with those factors. This paper proposes a conditional mixture copula which is a weighted average of several individual conditional copulas. We allow both the weights and copula parameters to vary with a covariate so that the conditional mixture copula offers additional flexibility and accuracy in describing the dependence structure. We propose a two‐step semi‐parametric estimation method and develop asymptotic properties of the estimators. Moreover, we introduce model selection procedures to select the component copulas of the conditional mixture copula model. Simulation results suggest that the proposed procedures have a good performance in estimating and selecting conditional mixture copulas with different model specifications. The proposed model is then applied to investigate how the dependence structures among international equity markets evolve with the volatility in the exchange rate markets.
Usefulness of ultrasound in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and correlation with histopathological findings: A series of 30 cases
Authors: Diago Adrian , Llombart Beatriz , Serra‐Guillen Carlos , Arana Estanislao , Guillén Carlos , Requena Celia , Traves Victor , Bancalari Bernardo , Bernia Eduardo , Ríos‐Viñuela Elisa , Sanmartín Onofre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSmall series of ultrasound findings in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) have been published, but the usefulness of this technique as a preoperative planning tool for tumor resection has not been studied.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with DFSP at our hospital that underwent ultrasound examination. Depth of invasion was evaluated by ultrasound and histopathology. Accuracy of ultrasound for assessing depth of tumor invasion was estimated.ResultsThirty histopathologically confirmed DFSPs were studied. Classic finger‐like projections were observed in 73.3% of cases. A posterior hyperechoic area extending deep into the subcutaneous tissue correlated with the honeycomb DFSP pattern and was observed in 53.3% of patients. Concordance between ultrasound and histopathologic depth measurements was excellent. Lateral tumor extension and Doppler activity were not evaluated in our series.ConclusionUltrasound showed excellent prediction of depth of invasion. Further studies are required to define the usefulness of ultrasound for determining lateral tumor extension.
A comparative study of sono‐urethrography using saline, agitated saline, and an ultrasound contrast agent in normal beagles
Authors: Lee Dahae , Yoon Sooa , Kim Cheolhyun , Choi Jihye 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSono‐urethrography is a technique used to evaluate the integrity of the urethra utilizing fluid dilation of the urethral lumen. The purpose of this prospective, method comparison, pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of sono‐urethrography in male dogs and to compare the quality of the images obtained using three different contrast solutions. The prostatic, membranous, and penile urethra was evaluated using saline, agitated saline, and ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue) in 10 adult, male Beagles. Visibility of the urethral wall was better with sono‐urethrography than with conventional ultrasonography, and the conspicuity of urethra could be assessed using all solutions. Hyperechoic lines created by agitated saline and Sonovue were more useful than anechoic saline in allowing identification of the urethra. Visibility scores for the internal margin of the urethral wall using sono‐urethrography were significantly higher with saline and one‐minute post agitated saline injection. However, the individual layers of the urethral wall could not be observed, regardless of the contrast solution used. Shadowing created by the pelvic bone deteriorated the window through which the urethra could be visualized, and this could not be overcome using sono‐urethrography. The results of this study indicated that sono‐urethrography is a feasible option for the visualization of the male urethra in dogs. The authors recommend sono‐urethrography using saline or agitated saline infusion to evaluate the urethral wall and lumen. Sono‐urethrography using ultrasound contrast agent can be applied to assess the integrity of the urethra by improving its conspicuity.
“Less pain with more gain”—Managing wound‐related pain with cannabis‐based medicines
Authors: Maida Vincent , Biasi Stefano A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWound‐related pain poses a serious challenge for patients and physicians. It is a complex pathophysiologic construct that may be stratified, from the patient's perspective, into baseline pain and breakthrough pain. The current paradigm for treating wound related pain involves the overuse of opioids and other co‐analgesics with little regard for breakthrough pain. These standard medications have a propensity for deleterious side effects while some of them inhibit wound healing, effectively perpetuating the wound and the related pain. In particular, the overuse of opioids is a contributor to the global opioid crisis. It is evident that a new paradigm needs to be considered. Cannabis‐based medicines are a prominent prospect under investigation for their potential to reduce dosages of status quo analgesics while effectively reducing pain. The authors propose a new paradigm that emphasizes the use of Cannabis‐Based Medicines, delivered through multiple routes, while recommending the need for more foundational scientific investigation into mechanisms, and clinical controlled trials to determine optimal combinations, dosages, and protocols.
Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal
Authors: Vieira‐Pinto Madalena , Fernandes Ana Raquel Garcez , Santos Maria Helena , Marucci Gianluca 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTrichinella spp. infection occurs when a host ingests muscle tissue containing infective larvae (L1 stage). Wild boar meat and its products represent the second largest source of human trichinellosis worldwide. For this reason, and since that in Portugal wild boar is the most hunted large game specie, the laboratory of Technology, Quality and Food Safety (TQFS) from the University of Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro created a free service to test wild boar meat for Trichinella spp. From December 2015 to February 2020, and 857 samples were analysed. From those, the majority (719/857, 83.9%) were tested after October 2018 when a specific national legislation came into force, demanding that meat from wild boar hunted in a defined risk area should be tested for Trichinella spp. Under TQFS laboratory activity, in January 2020, a positive case was identified, being the first molecular confirmation of Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal. Additionally to this activity, in 2019, a questionnaire was submitted to 100 hunters to acquire information about wild boar meat usage and consumption behaviours. From the total respondents, 86% declared they intended to use meat for private consumption. Of those, 93% also stated that have sold part of the meat and/or homemade sausages, the majority (80%) without prior testing for Trichinella spp., as required by EU Regulation. These results alert the hunters to a risk for human infection, which could be extended to outside the hunter's household. Given the actual epidemiological situation, it should be emphasized that testing for Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat should be maintained and reinforced, particularly in the risk area. The results presented in this report strongly support the importance of specific national legislation to mitigate the risk of trichinellosis due to consumption of non‐tested wild boar meat.
Bacteriophage as an alternative to prevent reptile‐associated Salmonella transmission
Authors: Kwon Jun , Kim Sang Geun , Kim Hyoun Joong , Giri Sib Sankar , Kim Sang Wha , Lee Sung Bin , Park Se Chang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSalmonellosis is a major global public health issue; its most common infection, gastroenteritis, accounts for approximately 90 million illnesses and 150,000 mortalities per year. Eradicating salmonellosis requires surveillance, prevention and treatment, entailing large expenditures. However, it is difficult to control Salmonella transmission because it occurs via multiple routes; exotic reptiles are a reservoir of Salmonella and comprise one such route. As the popularity of exotic pets and animal exhibition has increased, human encounters with reptiles have also increased. As a result, reptile‐associated salmonellosis (RAS) has been recognized as an emerging disease. The development of antimicrobial resistance in RAS‐causing Salmonella sp. requires alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, bacteriophages have been established as an alternative to antibiotics because only target bacteria are lysed; thus, they are promising biocontrol agents. Here, bacteriophage pSal‐SNUABM‐02, which infects and lyses reptile Salmonella isolates, was isolated and characterized. The morphology, host range, growth traits and stability of the phage were investigated. The phage was assigned to Myoviridae and was stable in the following conditions: pH 5–9, 4–37°C, and ultravioletA/ultravioletB (UVA/UVB) exposure. Salmonella clearance efficacy was tested using planktonic cell lysis activity and biofilm degradation on polystyrene 96‐well plates and reptile skin fragments. The phage exhibited vigorous lysis activity against planktonic cells. In in vitro biofilm degradation tests on reptile skin and polystyrene plates, both low‐ and high‐concentration phage treatments lowered bacterial cell viability by approximately 2.5–3 log colony‐forming units and also decreased biomass. Thus, bacteriophages are a promising alternative to antibiotics for the prevention and eradication of RAS.
Antimicrobial resistance clusters in commensal Escherichia coli from livestock
Authors: Hesp Ayla , ter Braak Cajo , van der Goot Jeanet , Veldman Kees , van Schaik Gerdien , Mevius Dik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR), policymakers need an overview of evolution and trends of AMR in relevant animal reservoirs, and livestock is monitored by susceptibility testing of sentinel organisms such as commensal E. coli. Such monitoring data are often vast and complex and generates a need for outcome indicators that summarize AMR for multiple antimicrobial classes. Model‐based clustering is a data‐driven approach that can help to objectively summarize AMR in animal reservoirs. In this study, a model‐based cluster analysis was carried out on a dataset of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), recoded to binary variables, for 10 antimicrobials of commensal E. coli isolates (N = 12,986) derived from four animal species (broilers, pigs, veal calves and dairy cows) in Dutch AMR monitoring, 2007–2018. This analysis revealed four clusters in commensal E. coli in livestock containing 201 unique resistance combinations. The prevalence of these combinations and clusters differs between animal species. Our results indicate that to monitor different animal populations, more than one indicator for multidrug resistance seems necessary. We show how these clusters summarize multidrug resistance and have potential as monitoring outcome indicators to benchmark and prioritize AMR problems in livestock.
Zoonotic infection by Cryptosporidium fayeri IVgA10G1T1R1 in a Western Australian human
Authors: Braima Kamil , Zahedi Alireza , Oskam Charlotte , Austen Jill , Egan Siobhon , Reid Simon , Ryan Una 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the present study, a 37‐year‐old immunosuppressed female in Western Australia (WA) was identified as positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and treated with nitazoxanide. Molecular analyses at the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S) and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci identified C. fayeri subtype IVgA10G1T1R1, which had previously been identified in western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) in WA. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the gp60 locus confirmed the absence of mixed infections with other Cryptosporidium species. This is only the second report of C. fayeri in a human host highlighting the zoonotic potential of this wildlife‐associated species. Routine diagnosis using molecular methods in laboratories is required to better understand the diversity and epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parasite.
A Minimum Creep Rate for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo Steel Consistent With the ASME Section III, Division 5 Rules
Authors: Chakraborty Aritra , Messner Mark C. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This technical note describes a minimum creep rate model for 2-1/4Cr-1Mo steel that is consistent with the current creep strain equation embedded in the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section III, Division 5, Subsection HB, Subpart B isochronous stress–strain curves. Minimum creep rate models for all the Section III, Division 5 Class A materials are required for the development of improved high temperature design methods. Of all the Class A materials, only 2-1/4Cr-1Mo does not have a readily identifying minimum creep rate term in the current isochronous stress–strain curve model.
High-Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Analysis of a Pressure Vessel-Pipe-Safety Valve System in Gas Service
Authors: Zong Chaoyong , Zheng Fengjie , Dempster William , Chen Dianjing , Song Xueguan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A pressurized vessel-pipe-safety valve (PVPSV) system is a common configuration for many energy management systems, and a better understanding of their dynamics is helpful for system design and optimization. In this paper, a method for high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is presented, which can be used to predict dynamic responses of PVPSV systems. For modeling, regions from the vessel outlet to the safety valve exit flange are modeled using a CFD approach; the pressure vessel is set as the boundary and the movement of the valve disk is represented by a one-dimensional (1D) rigid body motion model. Simulations are performed, and both stable and unstable operation are investigated. To establish accuracy, an experimental test rig is designed and constructed to measure the motion of the valve disk and the pressures at different system locations. Comparisons are performed for different dynamic modes and good agreement is obtained, supporting the accuracy of the high-fidelity model in reproducing the dynamic response of PVPSV systems. With the developed model, influences of other variables, such as piping length and safety valve configurations, can also be evaluated. The method presented in this paper can also be used to develop CFD models for other similar systems and should facilitate system design and optimization.
On the Material Properties for Piping Load and Resistance Factor Design
Authors: Avrithi Kleio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The probabilistic properties of steel, namely, the mean value, coefficient of variation, and probability distribution are needed for the development of Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) equations for Class 2 and 3 nuclear piping and for probabilistic and risk analysis studies. This work investigates the probabilistic properties for the most representative steels used for nuclear piping, such as carbon, stainless austenitic, and low alloy. Steel properties at room temperature and up to temperature 700 °F are examined through reported mechanical behavior. The work concludes with the impact of the stainless steels' probabilistic properties on the reliability index or else probability of failure for the piping. The presented data can help organize steel materials for LRFD and reduce the variability of the reliability index.
Determination Method of Elasto-Plastic Correction Factor of TA16 Titanium Alloy Based on RCC-M Code Methodology
Authors: Shao Xuejiao , Du Juan , Zhang Liping , Xie Hai , Tian Jun , Shi Kaikai , Zhang Ying , Liu Zhenyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the code for nuclear equipment, the elasto-plastic correction factor KE is a correction factor when the stress range exceeds the yield limit for simplified elasto-plastic fatigue analysis. The parameters and expressions of KE for commonly used materials (such as austenitic stainless steel) are given in the RCC-M and ASME codes, but the parameters of KE for titanium alloy materials are lacking. Based on the cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model of Z2CND18.12 (nitrogen control) and KE parameters of austenitic stainless steel given in the code, considering various sensitive factors, a numerical calculation method for determining KE correlation coefficient is established. The elasto-plastic constitutive model of TA16 alloy with nonlinear kinematic hardening was established by the uniaxial tension, strain, and stress cycling tests of TA16 titanium alloy. Based on the numerical calculation method of KE and the constitutive model of TA16 titanium alloy, the expression and correlation coefficient of KE for TA16 titanium alloy were determined.
Study on the Four-Quadrant Homologous Characteristic and Two-Phase Flow Head Degradation of a Reactor Coolant Pump
Authors: Huang Bin , Zhang Meimei , Pu Kexin , Wu Peng , Wu Dazhuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the four-quadrant homologous characteristic and analyzes the gas–liquid two-phase flow head degradation of ACP100 reactor coolant pump. The theoretical basis and the operating conditions of the pump's four-quadrant homologous characteristic are introduced. To verify the reliability of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the comparison of the results from CFD and test is implemented, and with these datum for the pump is plotted with homologous curves. In this paper, homologous pump characteristics are used to make the proper estimation on complete characteristic outside the testing range. Meanwhile, a combined method of impeller Euler head distribution and entropy generation rate analysis are applied for the head degradation of ACP100 reactor coolant pump under gas–liquid two-phase flow condition, and 70% of gas void fraction (GVF) is shown as the maximum degradation point. In addition, head degradation multiplier plots homologous curves are used to predict the homologous characteristic of specific GVF.
A Systematic Methodology to Assess Hydraulic Reliability and Gas Supply Reliability of the Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Authors: Yu Weichao , Gong Jing , Huang Weihe , Liu Hongfei , Dang Fuhua , Luo Jili , Sun Yuanhang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Reliability of the natural gas pipeline network is related to security of gas supply directly. According to the different required functions of the natural gas pipeline network, its reliability is divided into three aspects, namely mechanical reliability, hydraulic reliability, and gas supply reliability. However, most of the previous studies confused the definitions of the hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability. Moreover, the uncertainty in the process of supplying natural gas to the targeted market and the hydraulic characteristic of the natural gas pipeline network are often ignored. Therefore, a methodology to assess hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability of the natural gas pipeline network is developed in the study, and the uncertainty and hydraulic characteristic of the natural gas pipeline network are both considered. The methodology consists of four parts: establishment of the indicator system, calculation of the gas supply, prediction of the market demand, and assessment of the hydraulic reliability and gas supply reliability. Moreover, a case study is applied to confirm the feasibility of the methodology, and the reliability evaluation results provide a comprehensive picture about the abilities of the natural gas pipeline network to perform the specified gas supply function and satisfy consumers' demand, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison between these two types of reliability is presented. The results indicate that the natural gas pipeline network may not be able to meet the market demand even if the system completes the required gas supply tasks due to the impact of the market demand uncertainty.
Stress–Strain Assessments for Buried Oil Pipelines Under Freeze-Thaw Cyclic Conditions
Authors: Teng Zhen-Chao , Liu Xiao-Yan , Liu Yu , Zhao Yu-Xiang , Liu Kai-Qi , Teng Yun-Chao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, outdoor freeze-thaw cyclic tests on the Q345 steel pipeline portion were conducted to analyze the buried oil pipeline stress evolution in a seasonally frozen soil area, namely, the Mohe–Daqing portion of China–Russia crude oil pipeline. The results obtained show that under the freeze-thaw cycle, the variation trend of soil temperature around the pipeline exhibited a hysteresis pattern, which was similar to that of atmospheric temperatures. The soil frost heaving force was shown to drop with depth, and its value at the pipe top was higher than that at the pipe bottom. With the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the frost heaving force of the soil first increased and finally stabilized, while the principal stress of the pipeline increased gradually, and its extreme value tended to be stable after 7–8 cycles, which was consistent with the “ratchet effect” theory. The above findings made it possible to elaborate on a more efficient freeze-thaw cyclic test setup for clarifying the mechanism of frozen soil/pipeline interactions.
Impact Pressure Evaluation of Water Jet Peening on Typical Concave Surfaces: Theoretical and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shusen , He Zhanshu , Li Yanmin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Water jet peening (WJP), a surface modification technique, can use the impact pressure induced by shock waves to introduce compressive residual stress in the surface of metal parts, thereby improving the fatigue life of metal parts, especially has broad application prospects in strengthening the concave surface area of metal parts. The impact pressure of the concave surface is different compared with the flat surface due to the effects of geometrical factors on the shock wave released. In this work, a mathematical model for calculating the peak pressure in the initial contact area of the concave surface is developed, and the effects of geometric factors (opening angle of V surface α and spherical radius R) and WJP parameters (jet velocity v and jet diameter d) on the peak pressure are analyzed by using finite element simulation models of WJP on concave V-shaped surface, concave spherical surface, V-groove surface, spherical groove surface, and spherical groove surface established with the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) algorithm of abaqus. A mechanism of impact pressure evaluation of the concave surface is developed to explain the peak pressure results obtained from finite element models. The results show that the peak pressure is mainly determined by α and v, while d does not affect the peak pressure for a concave V-shaped or V-groove surface. The peak pressure is mainly determined by R, v, and d for a concave spherical or spherical groove surface.
Energy Well: Concept of 20 MW Microreactor Cooled by Molten Salts
Authors: Ruščák Marek , Melichar Tomáš , Syblík Jan , Frýbort Otakar , Harut David , Losa Evžen , Mareček Martin , Mazzini Guido , Reungoat Mathieu , Pilát Jan , Benčik Marek , Král Pavel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper is described the concept of a 20 MW microreactor cooled by molten salts with the registered trademark of Energy Well. Energy Well reactor is designed to supply either electricity or heat, in remote areas or into populated areas. The description includes context, main design features, safety systems, thermohydraulic analysis in RELAPS 3D, logistic, and transport of the reactor.