bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of out-of-field recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer using a combination model of clinical parameters and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics: a multi-institutional study of the Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group
Authors: Ikushima Hitoshi , Haga Akihiro , Ando Ken , Kato Shingo , Kaneyasu Yuko , Uno Takashi , Okonogi Noriyuki , Yoshida Kenji , Ariga Takuro , Isohashi Fumiaki , Harima Yoko , Kanemoto Ayae , Ii Noriko , Wakatsuki Masaru , Ohno Tatsuya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We retrospectively assessed whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics combined with clinical parameters can improve the predictability of out-of-field recurrence (OFR) of cervical cancer after chemoradiotherapy. The data set was collected from 204 patients with stage IIB (FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2008) cervical cancer who underwent chemoradiotherapy at 14 Japanese institutes. Of these, 180 patients were finally included for analysis. OFR-free survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the statistical significance of clinicopathological parameters for the OFR-free survival was evaluated using the log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazards model. Prediction of OFR from the analysis of diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and T2-weighted images of pretreatment MRI was done using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model for engineering image feature extraction. The accuracy of prediction was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Para-aortic lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003) was a significant prognostic factor in univariate and multivariate analyses. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.709 in predicting OFR using the pretreatment status of para-aortic lymph node metastasis, 0.667 using the LASSO model for DWIs and 0.602 using T2 weighted images. The AUC improved to 0.734 upon combining the pretreatment status of para-aortic lymph node metastasis with that from the LASSO model for DWIs. Combining MRI radiomics with clinical parameters improved the accuracy of predicting OFR after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Phylogenetic Articulation of Uric Acid Evolution in Mammals and How It Informs a Therapeutic Uricase
Authors: Li Ze , Hoshino Yosuke , Tran Lily , Gaucher Eric A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The role of uric acid during primate evolution has remained elusive ever since it was discovered over 100 years ago that humans have unusually high levels of the small molecule in our serum. It has been difficult to generate a neutral or adaptive explanation in part because the uricase enzyme evolved to become a pseudogene in apes thus masking typical signals of sequence evolution. Adding to the difficulty is a lack of clarity on the functional role of uric acid in apes. One popular hypothesis proposes that uric acid is a potent antioxidant that increased in concentration to compensate for the lack of vitamin C synthesis in primate species ∼65 Ma. Here, we have expanded on our previous work with resurrected ancient uricase proteins to better resolve the reshaping of uricase enzymatic activity prior to ape evolution. Our results suggest that the pivotal death-knell to uricase activity occurred between 20 and 30 Ma despite small sequential modifications to its catalytic efficiency for the tens of millions of years since primates lost their ability to synthesize vitamin C, and thus the two appear uncorrelated. We also use this opportunity to demonstrate how molecular evolution can contribute to biomedicine by presenting ancient uricases to human immune cells that assay for innate reactivity against foreign antigens. A highly stable and highly catalytic ancient uricase is shown to elicit a lower immune response in more human haplotypes than other uricases currently in therapeutic development.
Integrating morphological and genetic data at different climate and geographic scales in an endangered freshwater musselUnio durieui(Bivalvia: Unionidae) endemic to northern Tunisia
Authors: Fassatoui Chiheb , Chenuil Anne , Romdhane Mohamed Salah 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe freshwater mussel Unio durieui is a rare bivalve endemic to North African watersheds. Although this is an important species from an ecological and conservation perspective, information on its genetic diversity and population structure is lacking. Here, we combine geometric morphometric and molecular genetic analyses to characterize and evaluate the status of populations of this endangered species from four Tunisian watershed basins (Cap Bon, Ichkeul, northwest and Mejerda River basins). By using a multiparameter approach, we sought to test the hypothesis that populations from these geographic regions could be considered as distinct management units. Shell outline shapes were assessed using elliptic Fourier analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis of principal components. Multivariate analysis applied on normalized Fourier coefficients showed highly significant differences in shell shape among the populations. Population genetic analysis based on inter-simple sequence repeats revealed low levels of diversity and high differentiation between the populations studied. Two groups of populations are clearly evident, thus separating samples from the Northwest from those from the other watersheds. Although there is no evidence for isolation by distance patterns, genetic and phenotypic diversity appeared significantly correlated with climatic variables. These findings suggest isolation by environment and the nominal species U. durieui may constitute two biological species. Conservation programme actions should consider this substructure in establishing effective recovery strategies for this endangered species.
Northern Bobwhite juvenile survival is greater in native grasslands managed with fire and grazing and lower in non-native field borders and strip crop fields
Authors: Sinnott Emily A , Thompson Frank R , Weegman Mitch D , Thompson Thomas R 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEffective species conservation requires understanding environmental effects on stage-specific demographics driving population change. Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) is an early-successional shrub-obligate species that has experienced long-term, range-wide declines due to fire suppression, agricultural intensification, and sprawling development. Local habitat features and landscape context may interactively influence vital rates. Management affects food, cover, and other resources available locally, while surrounding landscapes often determine degree of isolation and predator communities. We evaluated relationships between juvenile bobwhite survival and local (50 m) and landscape (1 km) scale cover type composition and grassland management (i.e. conservation grazing, prescribed burns, mowing/haying) on 3 native grasslands and 2 traditionally managed conservation areas in southwest Missouri, USA, 2016–2018. We radio-tracked brood-attending adults and young from hatch to a maximum of 114 days and estimated juvenile survival with a Bayesian known-fate logistic exposure model. Juvenile survival was greatest on native grasslands that were burned and grazed at least once in the previous 2 years. Percent shrub cover was positively related to survival. Survival was relatively high in local agriculture, but these relationships were sensitive to surrounding landscape composition. For example, small patches of cropland surrounded by nonagriculture such as strip crops surrounded by grassland units on traditionally managed sites had low survival. Relationships between survival and agricultural landscape cover were dependent on local cover types; survival was high within crop fields but low in non-native grasslands surrounded by crop fields such as agricultural field borders. Patch-burn grazing practices on native grasslands provided the best habitat for bobwhite juvenile survival. Agricultural landscapes can support the recruitment of bobwhite if appropriately managed native grasslands are also available.
Some Empirical Results Concerning Causal Learning and Representation
Authors: Woodward James 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores some empirical results bearing on the descriptive and normative adequacy of different accounts of causal learning and representation. It begins by contrasting associative accounts with accounts that attribute additional structure to causal representation, arguing in favor of the latter. Empirical results supporting the claim that adult humans often reason about causal relationships using interventionist counterfactuals are presented. Contrasts between human and nonhuman primate causal cognition are also discussed, as well as some experiments concerning causal cognition in young children. A proposal about what is involved in having adult human causal representations is presented and some issues about how these might develop over time are explored.
Coda
Authors: Sillars Stuart 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The larger intersection between word and image, as a way of presenting English identity and especially the countryside, is demonstrated in the films of Humphrey Jennings and the engravings of F. L. Griggs, both suggesting an ideal under threat, first by change, then by coming war. Some government publications offer a final address to the idea of a lost Eden. Edwin Lutyens’ Thiepval memorial, a series of intersecting arches to contain over 70 000 names of the missing, balances the Cenotaph in using words to dominate idea and form. Elsewhere, words and images collapse into each other, as in H. G.Wells’s Mr Britling Sees It Through. The final concern is with what is revealed by the kinds of verbal and visual works discussed throughout the book: a series of glimpses into a society revolving around the home and an imagined countryside, with a mixture of sincerity and vulnerability.
The Accountability Dilemma
Authors: Weller Patrick , Grube Dennis C. , Rhodes R. A. W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter explains the different forms of accountability: whether blame sharing or formal constitutional. In all cases, holding ministers to account involves the assessment of processes that are often shrouded in secrecy and in which facts are contested. Like so many aspects of cabinet government, accountability processes remain flexible and open to interpretation. The dilemmas include the understanding and application of both individual and collective responsibility, and blame games and how to avoid them. They raise issues about judgements of success and failure when assessing the performance of cabinet governments. The chapter emphasises the political nature of accountability and discusses the ways in which ministers and prime ministers strive to show their decision-making in the best light.
Conclusion
Authors: Weller Patrick , Grube Dennis C. , Rhodes R. A. W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The chapter summarizes the findings, first in a series of empirical observations drawn from the five countries. It looks at the impact of party alignments, access to parliament, the benefits of stability, and finally the usefulness of comparative lessons. Then it revisits the theory to show how an interpretivist, agency-centred account can provide insights into the choices the actors make, and how resilience and flexible practices allow them to operate within accepted traditions. This flexibility can explain why cabinet government survives, even if not without challenge, as a dominant mode of government in parliamentary systems. Myths, traditions, and beliefs coupled with rules and precedents can provide a powerful framework.
Precision Medicine and Physical Therapy: A Healthy Living Medicine Approach for the Next Century
Authors: Severin Richard , Sabbahi Ahmad , Arena Ross , Phillips Shane A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is a reciprocal relationship between common health conditions encountered in physical therapist practice, disability, and healthy living factors, such as physical inactivity, blood pressure, sleep quality, diet, and obesity. This relationship is apparent across all practice settings. Physical therapists are well positioned in the health care system to mitigate chronic disease by routinely screening and addressing healthy living factors to improve overall health and lower the risk for chronic disease (healthy living medicine). However, there are several challenges to the successful implementation of this framework in physical therapist practice. This Perspective will elucidate this relationship between healthy living behaviors and physical therapist practice, review the current state of practice regarding screening and intervention of 5 key healthy living behaviors, and outline future steps the profession can take toward implementing precision medicine using a healthy living medicine approach.
Health service use and costs among migrants in an irregular situation: Cross-sectional register-based study from a voluntary-based clinic
Authors: Tjukanov Nina , Tiittala Paula , Salmi Heli 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs few data based on actual demand for healthcare services in vulnerable migrant populations exist, we studied service use and healthcare costs in a cohort of migrants in an irregular situation.MethodsIn this single-centre retrospective register study, we examined the reasons for encounter, diagnoses, service use and costs of healthcare among patients at a voluntary clinic for migrants in an irregular situation in Helsinki, Finland. ICPC-2 classification and national unit costs for primary healthcare were used for the cost estimation.ResultsA total of 546 patient visits accounted for 620 ICPC-2 coded reasons for encounter, diagnoses and process codes. The most common health problems were teeth/gum disease (10%), acute upper respiratory infection (5%) and oesophageal disease (3%). Visits seldom led to complementary investigations (2%), follow-up visits (5%) or referrals (11%). The total cost of treatment, excluding dental health costs, was 71 euros per visit.ConclusionsMigrants in an irregular situation present with a variety of health concerns, the majority of which can be treated in a basic primary healthcare facility at a relatively low cost. This encourages research to evaluate the health and cost effects of extending public healthcare for migrants in an irregular situation beyond emergency care.
Racial disparities in skin tone representation of dermatomyositis rashes: a systematic review
Authors: Babool Sofia , Bhai Salman F , Sanderson Collin , Salter Amber , Christopher-Stine Lisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis systemic review assesses skin tone representation in images of DM rashes in medical education literature.MethodsA review was performed of 59 dermatology, 11 neurology, 10 neuromuscular, 7 rheumatology and 6 internal medicine textbooks published between 2011 and 2021 and 3 online image databases (UpToDate, VisualDx and DermNet NZ) that were available through an online medical school library. After extracting images, images with poor lighting or unclear rashes were removed. Authors graded skin tone independently on the Massey and Martin Skin Colour Scale (MMSCS) from 1 (very light) to 10 (very dark). The median score was taken for a final score, grouped within MMSCS 1–2, 3–4, 5–7 or 8–10. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W).ResultsSix hundred and twenty-one images were extracted after reviewing 93 textbooks and 3 online databases. Of the 561 images analysed, 73.1% of images represented MMSCS 1–2, followed by 3–4 (13.4%), 5–7 (11.8%) and 8–10 (1.8%). Inter-rater reliability was high (W = 0.835). Of the images in MMSCS 5–10, 59.2% were in online databases and 80.6% of textbook images were in dermatology books.ConclusionsPatients with lighter skin tones were represented in a higher number of DM-related educational materials compared with patients with darker skin tones. Our findings add to current research implicating that darker skin tones are under-represented in cutaneous educational materials, specifically for DM. This leads to the inability to properly characterize skin involvement in DM and may lead to inappropriate exclusion from clinical trials due to erroneous skin scoring.
Taxation of trusts in Italy: new developments
Authors: Belluzzo Luigi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In August 2021, the Italian Tax Authorities published a discussion Draft Circular Newsletter on the Taxation of Trusts in Italy: New Developments, to practitioners and institutions. A complete change of interpretation seems to happen about indirect taxation of trusts, following constant Court Decisions in the last couple of years. Further clarification came with regard to direct taxation with particular attention paid to the effect on Italian tax resident beneficiaries.
Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet
Authors: Müller Leonardo R , Gouvêa Daniel I C G , Francischinelli André F , Alvarenga Guiherme D A , Castagnino Pablo S , Cappellozza Bruno I , de Sousa Osvaldo A , Meirelles Paulo R L , Costa Ciniro , Martins Cyntia L , Arrigoni Mario B 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (four animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA (dry matter [DM] basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6); 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6); 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6); and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 d; DMI was evaluated daily, whereas blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets decreased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, cis-12, C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (FE; P = 0.03) but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P &lt; 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on day 103 vs. other treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7, trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 (P &lt; 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P &lt; 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance but reduced FE and increased marbling scores of B. indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.
Paired analysis of tree ring width and carbon isotopes indicates when controls on tropical tree growth change from light to water limitations
Authors: Brienen Roel , Helle Gerhard , Pons Thijs , Boom Arnoud , Gloor Manuel , Groenendijk Peter , Clerici Santiago , Leng Melanie , Jones Christopher 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Light and water availability are likely to vary over the lifespan of closed-canopy forest trees, with understory trees experiencing greater limitations to growth by light and canopy trees greater limitation due to drought. As drought and shade have opposing effects on isotope discrimination (Δ13C), paired measurement of ring width and Δ13C can potentially be used to differentiate between water and light limitations on tree growth. We tested this approach for Cedrela trees from three tropical forests in Bolivia and Mexico that differ in rainfall and canopy structure. Using lifetime ring width and Δ13C data for trees of up to and over 200 years old, we assessed how controls on tree growth changed from understory to the canopy. Growth and Δ13C are mostly anti-correlated in the understory, but this anti-correlation disappeared or weakened when trees reached the canopy, especially at the wettest site. This indicates that understory growth variation is controlled by photosynthetic carbon assimilation due to variation in light levels. Once trees reached the canopy, inter-annual variation in growth and Δ13C at one of the dry sites showed positive correlations, indicating that inter-annual variation in growth is driven by variation in water stress affecting stomatal conductance. Paired analysis of ring widths and carbon isotopes provides significant insight in what environmental factors control growth over a tree’s life; strong light limitations for understory trees in closed-canopy moist forests switched to drought stress for (sub)canopy trees in dry forests. We show that combined isotope and ring width measurements can significantly improve our insights in tree functioning and be used to disentangle limitations due to shade from those due to drought.
Independent and joint association of physical activity and sedentary behavior on all-cause mortality
Authors: Zhou Wei , Yan Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Ling-Juan , Xu Yan , Zhao Jun , Yu Ling-Ling , Bao Hui-Hui , Cheng Xiao-Shu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Backgrounds:
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) have been associated with mortality, while the joint association with mortality is rarely reported among Chinese population. We aimed to examine the independent and joint association of PA and SB with all-cause mortality in southern China.

Methods:
A cohort of 12,608 China Hypertension Survey participants aged ≥35 years were enrolled in 2013 to 2014, with a follow-up period of 5.4 years. Baseline self-reported PA and SB were collected via the questionnaire. Kaplan–Meier curves (log-rank test) and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed to evaluate the associations of PA and SB on all-cause mortality.

Results:
A total of 11,744 eligible participants were included in the analysis. Over an average of 5.4 years of follow-up, 796 deaths occurred. The risk of all-cause mortality was lower among participants with high PA than those with low to moderate level (5.2% vs. 8.9%; hazards ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.87). Participants with SB ≥ 6 h had a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those with SB <6 h (7.8% vs. 6.0%; HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.61). Participants with prolonged SB (≥6 h) and inadequate PA (low to moderate) had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with SB < 6 h and high PA (11.2% vs. 4.9%; HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.35–2.06). Even in the participants with high PA, prolonged SB (≥6 h) was still associated with the higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with SB < 6 h (7.0% vs. 4.9%; HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12–1.56).

Conclusions:
Among Chinese population, PA and SB have a joint association with the risk of all-cause mortality. Participants with inadequate PA and prolonged SB had the highest risk of all-cause mortality compared with others.