bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial cluster detection with threshold quantile regression
Authors: Lee Junho , Sun Ying , Judy Wang Huixia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpatial cluster detection, which is the identification of spatial units adjacent in space associated with distinctive patterns of data of interest relative to background variation, is useful for discerning spatial heterogeneity in regression coefficients. Some real studies with regression‐based models on air quality data show that there exists not only spatial heterogeneity but also heteroscedasticity between air pollution and its predictors. Since the low air quality is a well‐known risk factor for mortality, various cardiopulmonary diseases, and preterm birth, the analysis at the tail would be of more interest than the center of air pollution distribution. In this article, we develop a spatial cluster detection approach using a threshold quantile regression model to capture the spatial heterogeneity and heteroscedasticity. We introduce two threshold variables in the quantile regression model to define a spatial cluster. The proposed test statistic for identifying the spatial cluster is the supremum of the Wald process over the space of threshold parameters. We establish the limiting distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis that the quantile regression coefficient is the same over the entire spatial domain at the given quantile level. The performance of our proposed method is assessed by simulation studies. The proposed method is also applied to analyze the particulate matter (PM) concentration and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data in the Northeastern United States in order to study geographical heterogeneity in the association between AOD and PM at different quantile levels.
Green carbon dots based ultraviolet photovoltaic window with high transparence to visible light
Authors: Huang Ping , Xu Shunjian , Zhang Meng , Zhong Wei , Xiao Zonghu , Luo Yongping 
Published: July 2021

SummarySince the absorption spectra of carbon quantum dots are mainly concentrated in the ultraviolet region and nearly transparent to visible light, a new concept of ultraviolet photovoltaic window is proposed using carbon quantum dots as a light absorber. The photovoltaic window can generate electricity without affecting indoor lighting and effectively block the entry of ultraviolet light. Cotton fiber as carbon precursor and urea as dopant are used to prepare green N‐doped carbon quantum dots with blue fluorescence. Moreover, the amount of dopant and thickness of TiO2 film have a great influence on the power conversion efficiency and transmittance of the photovoltaic window. The best efficiency of the photovoltaic window obtained is 0.614% and its average visible transmittance is also the best (37.2%) among the prepared photovoltaic windows. The construction of ultraviolet photovoltaic window successfully opens up a new application of carbon quantum dots in building‐integrated photovoltaics.
Preserved landscapes underneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet reveal the geomorphological history of Jutulstraumen Basin
Authors: Franke Steven , Eisermann Hannes , Jokat Wilfried , Eagles Graeme , Asseng Jölund , Miller Heinrich , Steinhage Daniel , Helm Veit , Eisen Olaf , Jansen Daniela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe landscape of Antarctica, hidden beneath kilometre‐thick ice in most places, has been shaped by the interactions between tectonic and erosional processes. The flow dynamics of the thick ice cover deepened pre‐formed topographic depressions by glacial erosion, but also preserved the subglacial landscapes in regions with moderate to slow ice flow. Mapping the spatial variability of these structures provides the basis for reconstruction of the evolution of subglacial morphology. This study focuses on the Jutulstraumen Glacier drainage system in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. The Jutulstraumen Glacier reaches the ocean via the Jutulstraumen Graben, which is the only significant passage for draining the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the western part of the Dronning Maud Land mountain chain. We acquired new bed topography data during an airborne radar campaign in the region upstream of the Jutulstraumen Graben to characterise the source area of the glacier. The new data show a deep relief to be generally under‐represented in available bed topography compilations. Our analysis of the bed topography, valley characteristics and bed roughness leads to the conclusion that much more of the alpine landscape that would have formed prior to the Antarctic Ice Sheet is preserved than previously anticipated. We identify an active and deeply eroded U‐shaped valley network next to largely preserved passive fluvial and glacial modified landscapes. Based on the landscape classification, we reconstruct the temporal sequence by which ice flow modified the topography since the beginning of the glaciation of Antarctica.
Performance and failure mechanism of fire barriers in full‐scale chair mock‐ups
Authors: Thompson Andre L. , Kim Ickchan , Hamins Anthony , Bundy Matthew , Zammarano Mauro 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe effectiveness and the failure mechanism of fire barriers in a residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated by full‐scale flaming tests on upholstered chair mock‐ups. Six commercial fire barriers were tested in this study. Fire barriers were screened for the presence of elements that are typically used in fire retardants and the presence of commonly used fire retardants. For each fire barrier, triplicate flammability tests were run on chair mock‐ups, where polyurethane foam and polyester fiber fill were used as the padding materials, and each chair component was fully wrapped with the fire barrier of choice and a polypropylene cover fabric. The ignition source was an 18 kW square propane burner, impinging on the top surface of the seat cushion for 80 seconds. Results showed all six fire barriers reduced the peak heat release rate (as much as ≈64%) and delayed its occurrence (up to ≈19 minutes) as compared to the control chair mock‐ups. The heat release rate remained at a relatively low plateau level until liquid products (generated by either melting or pyrolysis of the padding material) percolated through the fire barrier at the bottom of the seat cushion and ignited, while the fire barrier was presumably intact. The flaming liquid products dripped and quickly formed a pool fire under the chair, and the peak heat release rate occurred shortly thereafter. Ultimately, the ignition of the percolating liquid products at the bottom of the seat cushion was identified as the mechanism triggering the failure of the fire barrier.
Botanical origin and characterization of monofloral honeys in Southwestern forest of Ethiopia
Authors: Addi Admassu , Bareke Tura 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted to identify and characterize the monofloral honey types found in the Gesha‐Sayilem forest. A total of 15 honey samples were collected during the honey flow seasons. For honey pollen analysis, the method recommended by the International Commission for Bee Botany and harmonized methods of the International Honey commission were used. Data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA, PCA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Three monofloral honey types were identified, such as Schefflera abyssinica honey, Croton macrostachyus honey, and Vernonia amygdalina honey types. The mean moisture content of the honey samples of Vernonia amygdalina honey was 18.3 ± 1.02%, that for Schefflera abyssinica honey 18.1 ± 1%, and 21.2 ± 1.05% for Croton macrostachyus honey. The HMF value of the Vernonia honey ranged from 1.1 to 1.3 mg/kg, with a mean value of 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg; that of Schefflera abyssinica honey ranged from 2.2 to 2.5, with a mean value of HMF 2.3 ± 0.15; and that of Croton honey ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 mg/kg, mean value of 2.56 ± 0.15 mg/kg. There was a significant difference in the free acid content of honey samples due to the botanical origin of honey and sampling locations (p < .05). The electrical conductivity of honey samples in the Gesha‐Sayilem forest was found within an international range, with a maximum limit of 0.8 mS/cm for most nectar honey. There was a significant strong correlation between proline, free acid, and sucrose. Moisture content was positively correlated with electric conductivity, due to the dependable nature of electrical conductivity on honey moisture. The study area honey meets the basic honey quality standards both of the national and international honey quality specifications, except that the moisture content of croton honey which was some what out of the accepted range.
Cold start behavior and freeze characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
Authors: Kocher Katharina , Kolar Stefan , Ladreiter Walter , Hacker Viktor 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVehicle applications require efficient cold start ability and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, various self‐cold start strategies including purging the PEMFC at shutdown and using galvanostatic operation at startup are proposed. The cold start characteristics from −5°C of a single cell are experimentally investigated in situ on a laboratory scale. The amount of cumulated charge transfer density, corresponding to the amount of product water, is used as an index to quantify the cold start capability. Gas purge at shutdown before freeze is found to facilitate the PEMFC cold start, although the improvement is relatively small compared with other methods such as gradually increasing the current during startup. Microscopic studies of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) after cold start failure are conducted to determine material degradation due to ice formation.
Evaluating the influence of requirements in fuel cell system design using Design Requirement Maps
Authors: Fladung Alexander , Scholz Hannes , Berger Oliver , Hanke‐Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFinding a combination of design variables for an optimized design target is the main aspect in fuel cell system design. Beside that, it has to be ensured that all requirements, on component and vehicle level, are met. Using a visualization approach, called Design Requirement Map, as a graphical presentation of the design target and the requirements of two degrees of freedom, helps to answer certain design questions and enable an estimation of the influence of requirements and operating points on the optimal system design. In this paper, first, the general fuel cell system design problem is formulated and, second, the Design Requirement Map is used to study the influence of requirements on the optimal combination of humidifier scale and air compression ratio. Designs with too small or too large humidifiers reveal as designs, which are constrained by at least one of the considered requirements. In addition, the influence for a multi‐objective design target and different ambient temperatures and pressures are addressed. For certain design questions using Design Requirement Maps can be very helpful to evaluate the impact of requirements on the system design especially when considering different operating points.
The effect of medical cannabis laws on pharmaceutical marketing to physicians
Authors: Lebesmuehlbacher Thomas , Smith Rhet A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough cannabis is federally prohibited, a majority of U.S. states have implemented medical cannabis laws (MCLs). As more individuals consider the drug for medical treatment, they potentially substitute away from prescription drugs. Therefore, an MCL signals competitor entry. This paper exploits geographic and temporal variation in MCLs to examine the strategic response in direct‐to‐physician marketing by pharmaceutical firms as cannabis enters the market. Using office detailing records from 2014‐2018 aggregated to the county level, we find weak evidence of a relatively small and delayed response in substitute prescription drug‐ and opioid‐related detailing. While these effects on detailing dollars are more pronounced among smaller pharmaceutical firms, the magnitudes are economically small and likely muted at aggregate levels by the small percent of doctors that actively recommend cannabis for medical treatment.
Concurrent use of hydroxyurea and deferasirox in Californians with sickle cell disease
Authors: Wong Trisha E. , Valle Jhaqueline , Paulukonis Susan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsWhen patients with sickle cell disease have appropriate indications, they can be prescribed hydroxyurea (HU) and deferasirox (DFX) concurrently despite little knowledge about how the two medications interact. We wished to analyze whether there was evidence of adverse interaction between HU and DFX when taken simultaneously and hypothesized that those who took both drugs together had similar clinical complications when compared to those who took only one or neither drug.MethodsWe conducted this retrospective cohort investigation between 2009 and 2016 of persons with SCD in the California Sickle Cell Data Collection Program, a validated database of Californians with SCD a statewide. People in the database who took HU and DFX simultaneously for at least 3 months as compared to those who took either HU or DFX alone or to matched persons who took neither drug were eligible.ResultsWe identified 104 people who were prescribed both HU and DFX concurrently, 877 who were prescribed HU only, and 314 who were prescribed DFX only during the study period. We identified 416 matched controls who took neither HU nor DFX. People who took both HU and DFX concurrently had similar rates of ED and inpatient encounters and had similar rates and distribution of adverse effects compared to those who took either HU or DFX alone or took neither drug.ConclusionThree months of concurrent use of DFX and HU appears safe, but further studies are required to better understand the safety and effectiveness of this medication combination. (Funded by CDC, CDC Foundation, and others).
Effect of two immiscible multifluid flow on internal heat generation or absorption in a vertical channel in the presence of concentration
Authors: Kandagal Mangala , Kalyan Shreedevi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effect of multifluid flow on internal heat generation or absorption in a vertical channel in the presence of concentration is investigated in this paper. The fluids are incompressible in both regions, that is, Region‐I and Region‐II, and it is assumed the transport properties of fluid flow are constant. With the help of the analytical method, all the basic equations transformed into governing coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved, and the solutions obtained for fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration. These results are illustrated by plotting graphs and for various physical parameters. Here, we can control the results by means of the heat absorption coefficient, width ratio, and viscosity ratio.
Computation of Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of Sisko nanofluid over a stretching cylinder
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Sharma Rajesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the Darcy‐Forchheimer flow of Sisko nanofluid with viscous dissipation and convective thermal boundary conditions. The Buongiorno two‐component nanoscale model is deployed for nanofluid characteristics, which take into account the physical phenomena responsible for the slip velocity between the base fluid and the nanoparticles such as thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion. The Darcy‐ Forchheimer model employed here includes the effects of boundary and inertial forces. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equations governing the fluid flow are converted into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations by choosing suitable similarity transformations. The nondimensionalized differential equations are then solved utilizing the finite difference based bvp‐4c tool in MATLAB software. The numerical solutions are presented graphically to demonstrate the impact of involved physical parameters on temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle volume fraction. Moreover, the rate of heat transfer, mass transfer, and skin friction are physically interpreted. The present investigation reveals that the Darcy number enhances the velocity and depleted the temperature while the Forchheimer number depleted the velocity and enhances the temperature of the Sisko nanofluid. The thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion parameters, and the Forchheimer number contribute to the reduction in the heat transfer rate while the Darcy number enhances it. The skin friction at the wall can be controlled by controlling the values of Darcy number.
Corrigendum: The near‐infrared autofluorescence fingerprint of the brain
Authors: Lifante José , del Rosal Blanca , Chaves‐Coira Irene , Fernández Nuria , Jaque Daniel , Ximendes Erving 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the article by J. Lifante et al (doi: 10.1002/jbio.202000154), published in J. Biophotonics 2020;13:e202000154, a spectral feature corresponding to tissue reflectance was mistakenly attributed to autofluorescence. This corrigendum is published to correct the interpretation of the spectral data and images in the manuscript.
Development and validation of the Brief‐Mentalized Affectivity Scale: Evidence from cross‐sectional online data and an urban community‐based mental health clinic
Authors: Greenberg David M. , Rudenstine Sasha , Alaluf Rozita , Jurist Elliot L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate the Brief‐Mentalized Affectivity scale (B‐MAS), a shorter version of the Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS).MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 978), participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk were administered a battery of questionnaires including the B‐MAS and traditional emotion regulation measures. In Study 2 (N = 230), clients from a community clinic completed a separate battery of measures, including the B‐MAS, and personality and emotion regulation measures.ResultsThere were four main findings: (1) the B‐MAS is a psychometrically robust measure of emotion regulation and mentalization; (2) scores on the B‐MAS are highly predictive of many clinical diagnoses; (3) scores on the B‐MAS are just as or more predictive of wellbeing than traditional emotional regulation measures; and (4) as observed in an urban clinic with a diverse population, the B‐MAS is useful clinically, especially because of its brevity.ConclusionThe B‐MAS contributes to the expanding scope of research on emotion regulation and has valuable clinical applications.
Evaluating interactions between emotion regulation strategies through the interpersonal context of female friends
Authors: Christensen Kara Alise , van Dyk Ilana Seager , Southward Matthew W. , Vasey Michael W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing interest in examining how interpersonal relationships may shape associations between emotion regulation (ER) strategies and psychopathology.MethodsWe used multilevel modeling to test if respondents' self‐reported intrapersonal ER, friends' self‐reported intrapersonal ER, and their interaction were associated with psychopathology in a sample of 120 female friend dyads.ResultsRespondents' use of brooding rumination, expressive suppression, and worry were positively associated with respondent psychopathology. Friend reappraisal moderated the association between respondent reappraisal and respondent psychopathology. Consistent with an interference hypothesis, respondent cognitive reappraisal was only associated with respondent psychopathology when friend cognitive reappraisal was low. Consistent with a compensatory hypothesis, respondent reappraisal was primarily associated with respondent psychopathology when friend repetitive negative thought was high.DiscussionResults support the extension of models of ER strategy interactions from intrapersonal to interpersonal contexts. Future research is needed to replicate the interference and compensatory interactions observed in the data.
Psychodynamic group psychotherapy for hikikomori: The case of a socially withdrawn male with schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Kubo Hiroaki , Aida Nobuo , Kato Takahiro A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHikikomori, a severe form of social withdrawal, is a condition characterized by the avoidance of social participation and staying at home for more than 6 months. Hikikomori was initially reported in Japan in the 1990s and is now observed worldwide. Here, we introduce specialized psychodynamic group psychotherapy for persons with hikikomori, and illustrate the case of an adult male with schizoaffective disorder. In the present report, the patient initiated an unreasonably difficult job‐hunting process, became unwell, and was hospitalized. He began to participate in group psychotherapy as a place of belonging and gradually increased his social interactions. We also consider the specific difficulties exhibited by people with hikikomori, especially focusing on the avoidance around assuming responsibility for decisions and extreme dichotomous thinking. Additionally, we discuss the benefits of dealing with these difficulties in a group structure and propose the applicability of group psychotherapy in therapeutic interventions for persons with hikikomori.
Visual art history and the psychology of perception: Perspectivism and its 20th century abandonment in the visual arts and in Gibson's ecological psychology
Authors: Heft Harry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of linear perspective in the early 15th century and the discovery of the retinal image two centuries later became cornerstones of an approach to visual perception theory that eventually took shape primarily in the hands of British Empiricist philosophers. Even as this approach has dominated perceptual theory to the present day, the perspectivist influence on pictorial representation within the visual arts steadily diminished over time. Its decisive break with perspectivism came in the early 20th century with transformative 19th century changes in the sciences and technology. Collectively, these events elevated process and change over fixity and stasis, and ultimately led to the collapse of the distinction between space and time in the physical sciences. Even so, approaches to visual perception in psychology remained remarkably untouched by these occurrences until the 1960s when the experimental psychologist James Gibson drew upon them to challenge the legacy of perspectivism and the visual image and their effect on perceptual theory. His ecological approach to perception recognizes animacy as the essential functional property of living things, and in doing so, conceptualizes seeing as a perception–action process. From this stance, Gibson like the visual artists earlier in the century rejected the assumption that visual perception is best characterized as the capturing of static images. Jointly and yet independently, both efforts loosened the grip that perspectivism and the visual image have maintained on the arts and on visual perception theory, respectively, bringing 19th century scientific advances into 20th century psychological thought.