bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution state structure and equilibria of lanthanide (fod)3 complexes revisited: A 1H, 13C and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance study of Eu(fod)3
Authors: Szalontai Gábor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a qualitative approach, variable temperature 1H, 19F and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to characterize the solution state structure and equilibria of the widely used lanthanide solvent reagent Eu(fod)3. Despite the fact that the side chain fluorines are far from the coordination site, the 19F–1H NMR spectra turned out to be sensitive reporters of self‐coordination and/or adduct formation with other ligands. For example, they predict/explain immediately the otherwise hardly predictable magnitude of the expectable paramagnetic effects. The temperature‐dependent Fermi‐contact effects observed in the 13C{1H} spectra were extremely important aides in their assignments. The equilibria could be manipulated by changing the solvent used and/or the reagent/ligand molar ratio. Depending on their coordination ability, the solvents possess a certain control over the adduct life times. Sharpening of the 19F signals in the presence of associative solvent molecules such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or CH3CN is an indication of changing complex structure (shifting the equilibrium towards the monomeric form). In apolar solvents, relaxation and diffusion data confirmed the oligomerization of the Eu(fod)3–d27 chelate complexes already at relatively low (≥3.0 mg/0.4 ml) concentration.
Goods reinforcement from waste leather, fabric, and low‐density polyethylene by using plant binder
Authors: Alemu Ketema , Assefa Tariku , Debebe Ayalew , Solomon Biniyam , Hailu Yordanos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe apparel industry is considered to be one of the most polluting manufacturing industries and it generates a large number of wastes that can harm the environment. Ignorance of the waste of finished and used leather and fabric leads to environmental pollution. Converting this solid waste into efficient products is proving to be a challenge. The article examines the possible use of waste leather, fabric, and low‐density polyethylene to develop composites using plant binder. This composite material has a comparable tensile strength (23.6 ± 0.16 μm), the flexibility of 89%, and very reasonable elongation at break (31.40%) when compared to the standard reinforcement material of leather goods since the commercial reinforcement have tensile strength of 15–25 μm; flexibility 50%–90% and 25–40 (Teklay, 2018). The mechanical properties of the flexible composite were promising and made it possible to use it in the leather and textile industries in goods manufacturing as reinforcement of bag. Therefore, the study uncovered a new concept for making composite materials that are environmentally friendly and cost effective as reinforcement of bag manufacturing.
Lesion location may attenuate response to strategy training in acute stroke
Authors: Skidmore Elizabeth R. , Shih Minmei , Terhorst Lauren , O'Connor Erin E 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundStrategy training, a rehabilitation intervention, reduces disability and improves functional skills associated with goal‐directed behavior. Stroke lesions impacting selected ventromedial regions of interest associated with initiation of goal‐directed behavior may attenuate intervention response. If so, strategy training may not be optimal for people with stroke lesions in these regions.ObjectiveTo examine whether ventromedial regions of interest attenuate changes in disability status attributed to strategy training.DesignSecondary analysis of data from two randomized controlled clinical trials.SettingInpatient stroke rehabilitation.ParticipantsPeople with acute stroke diagnosis and available diagnostic studies enrolled in inpatient rehabilitation randomized controlled studies between 2009 and 2017.InterventionParticipants were randomized to strategy training or a control condition in addition to the usual care during inpatient rehabilitation.Main Outcome MeasuresDiagnostic magnetic resonance imaging studies were retrieved from electronic medical records, and stroke lesion location was characterized by a neuroradiologist. Intervention response was defined by Functional Independence Measure change scores of 22 points or greater.ResultsOnly 186 of 275 participants had diagnostic studies available; 13 patients showed no apparent lesion on their diagnostic study. Among 173 cases, 156 had complete data at discharge (strategy training n = 71, control n = 85). Twenty‐five cases had a lesion within a region of interest (strategy training n = 14, control n = 11). Intervention response was attenuated in the strategy training group for those with lesions in regions of interest [χ2(1, n = 71) = 4.60, P = .03], but not for those in the control group [Fisher exact test, n = 85, P = .19).ConclusionsLesions in the ventromedial regions of interest may attenuate response to strategy training.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a determinant of respiratory outcomes in adult life
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRespiratory disease is unfortunately common in preterm infants with the archetype being bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD affects approximately 50,000 preterm infants in the U.S. annually with substantial morbidity and mortality related to its pathology (alveolar, airway, and pulmonary vasculature maldevelopment). Predicting the likelihood and severity of chronic respiratory disease in these children as they age is difficult and compounded by the lack of consistent phenotyping. Barriers to understanding the actual scope of this problem include few longitudinal studies, information limited by small retrospective studies and the ever‐changing landscape of therapies in the NICU that affect long‐term respiratory outcomes. Thus, the true burden of adult respiratory disease caused by premature birth is currently unknown. Nevertheless, limited data suggest that a substantial percentage of children with a history of BPD have long‐term respiratory symptoms and persistent airflow obstruction associated with altered lung function trajectories into adult life. Small airway disease with variable bronchodilator responsiveness, is the most common manifestation of lung dysfunction in adults with a history of BPD. The etiology of this is unclear however, developmental dysanapsis may underlie the airflow obstruction in some adults with a history of BPD. This type of flow limitation resembles that of aging adults with chronic obstructive lung disease with no history of smoking. It is also unclear whether lung function abnormalities in people with a history of BPD are static or if these individuals with BPD have a more accelerated decline in lung function as they age compared to controls. While some of the more significant mediators of lung function, such as tobacco smoke and respiratory infections have been identified, more work is necessary to identify the best means of preserving lung function for individuals born prematurely throughout their lifespan.
The use of pediatric flexible bronchoscopy in the COVID‐19 pandemic era
Authors: La Regina Domenico Paolo , Nenna Raffaella , Schramm Dirk , Freitag Nadine , Goussard Pierre , Eber Ernst , Midulla Fabio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic because of a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In January 2020, the first transmission to healthcare workers (HCWs) was described. SARS‐CoV‐2 is transmitted between people because of contact, droplets, and airborne. Airborne transmission is caused by aerosols that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distances and time. In the clinical setting, airborne transmission may occur during aerosol generating procedures like flexible bronchoscopy. To date, although the role of children in the transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is not clear the execution of bronchoscopy is associated with a considerably increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to HCWs. The aim of this overview is to summarize available recommendations and to apply them to pediatric bronchoscopy. We performed systematic literature searches using the MEDLINE (accessed via PubMed) and Scopus databases. We reviewed major recommendations and position statements published at the moment by the American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology, WHO, European Center for Disease Prevention and Control and expert groups on the management of patients with COVID‐19 to limit transmission among HCWs. To date there is a lack of recommendations for safe bronchoscopy during the pandemic period. The main indications concern adults and little has been said about children. We have summarized available recommendations and we have applied them to pediatric bronchoscopy.
Lung growth and pulmonary function after prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Moschino Laura , Bonadies Luca , Baraldi Eugenio 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) still carries a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality in survivors of extreme prematurity. The disease is characterized by simplification of the alveolar structure, involving a smaller number of enlarged alveoli due to decreased septation and a dysmorphic pulmonary microvessel growth. These changes lead to persistent abnormalities mainly affecting the smaller airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature, which can be assessed with lung function tests and imaging techniques. Several longitudinal lung function studies have demonstrated that most preterm‐born subjects with BPD embark on a low lung function trajectory, never achieving their full airway growth potential. They are consequently at higher risk of developing a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease‐like phenotype later in life. Studies based on computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have also shown that in these patients there is a persistence of lung abnormalities like emphysematous areas, bronchial wall thickening, interstitial opacities, and mosaic lung attenuation also in adult age. This review aims to outline the current knowledge of pulmonary and vascular growth in survivors of BPD and the evidence of their lung function and imaging up to adulthood.
The potential of pro‐insecticides for resistance management
Authors: David Michael D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPro‐insecticides have been a significant part of the insecticide market for decades. Bioactivation of such compounds is generally an enzyme‐controlled process, in which the target insect metabolizes the pro‐form into an active compound. This approach has several potential advantages, including improved bio‐kinetic properties and safety profiles of the pro‐insecticide relative to the active form. A less common advantage of pro‐insecticides is increased activity on metabolically resistant strains. Specific cases in which a pro‐insecticide demonstrates negative cross‐resistance (NCR) on a metabolically resistant strain due to increased bioactivation of the pro‐insecticide have been noted sporadically over the past 50+ years but have not been reviewed before. The purpose of this mini‐review is to catalog the cases in which a pro‐insecticide demonstrated improved activity on an insect strain resistant to a second insecticide via a metabolic mechanism. Cases are relatively rare, but where it does occur the mechanism of NCR is generally recognized as being due to the increased metabolic activity of the resistant strain. These observations can provide learnings with potential application for resistance management if the correct pro‐insecticide is selected for a resistant strain which is better able to bioactivate it. A better understanding of the bioactivation of pro‐insecticides by resistant insects could also aid in insecticide discovery, potentially leading to improved pro‐insecticide design. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Relative impact of observations on a regional Arctic numerical weather prediction system
Authors: Randriamampianina Roger , Bormann Niels , Køltzow Morten A. Ø. , Lawrence Heather , Sandu Irina , Wang Zheng Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe impact of Arctic conventional and satellite observations on regional short‐range weather forecasts is assessed using observing‐system experiments, in which observations are removed (denied) when creating the initial conditions of the forecasts. The experiments are conducted with the AROME‐Arctic regional mesoscale numerical weather prediction system, using as lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) observing‐system experiments performed at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Forecasts (ECMWF) with the global forecasting system. This allows the assessment of the relative impacts of observations on forecast skill through regional data assimilation (DA), through LBCs, and the total impact due to the denial of observations in both the regional and global forecasting systems. The study is conducted during the first and second Special Observing Periods of the Year Of Polar Prediction. The total impact on the upper‐air forecasts is dominated by the impact of observations through their assimilation in the LBCs, while for the winter period the impact on surface fields is dominated by the regional DA. The latter is significant up to 36 hr, while the former impact can last throughout the verified forecast range (48 hr). The use of observations in the LBCs has both significantly positive and significantly negative impacts. In terms of total impact on forecast skill, conventional observations, followed by infrared radiances, have the largest impact on all upper‐air parameters, except for humidity. For upper‐air humidity forecasts, the microwave radiances have the largest impact. In terms of observation impact through regional DA, conventional observations play the largest role for upper‐air temperature and geopotential, microwave for upper‐air humidity, and atmospheric motion vectors and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) for wind forecast. Regional DA of conventional observations also contributes the most to improvements of surface fields, except for 10‐m winds, for which the microwave temperature‐sensitive radiances are the most important.
Paradoxical bronchospasm: a rare adverse effect of fenoterol use
Authors: Lai Ching‐Han , Liao Xin‐Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractParadoxical bronchospasm refers to the constriction of the airways after treatment with a sympathomimetic bronchodilator. Theoretically, bronchodilators, such as beta‐agonist inhalers, act to ease asthma symptoms by relaxing the muscles surrounding the walls of the bronchial tubes, which relieve bronchial constriction. However, in rare instances, some patients develop respiratory distress or even respiratory failure after inhaled bronchodilator use, although the exact mechanism for this adverse effect is unknown. We report a male, with a known asthma history diagnosed for more than one decade, receiving fenoterol (Berotec®) for wheezing control and the worsening of his clinical condition immediately after bronchodilator administration.
Assessment of the geo‐eco‐hydrological condition of anabranching reaches in the Source Zone of the Yellow River, western China
Authors: Han Meiqin , Brierley Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA geo‐eco‐hydrological approach is developed and applied to assess river condition for three anabranching reaches in the Source Zone of the Yellow River. Building on principles of the River Styles Framework, attributes used to assess river condition are tailored to measure key attributes of the character and behavior for the type of river under consideration. Hydrogeomorphic process linkages with riparian vegetation function are appraised using the Fluvial Biogeomorphic Succession Model for each reach. Reference conditions incorporate measures of river geo‐eco‐hydrological structural integrity and functional connectivity, relating the expected “best achievable” conditions to prevailing land use practices in these grazing adapted grassland ecosystems. Contemporary conditions closely approximate expected reference conditions in hydro‐geomorphic terms. While vegetation interactions function effectively in the active channel zone, they are subject to land use pressures in many floodplain areas. Minimizing impacts of direct anthropogenic disturbance, while promoting passive management practices that support self‐sustaining processes, are considered to offer the best prospect to maintain good river condition in these reaches. Major commitment to environmental protection in this area makes this a realistic possibility. The generic approach to analysis of geo‐eco‐hydrological condition is readily transferable to other situations.
Surfactant and Polymer Composite Modified Electrode for the Sensitive Determination of Vanillin in Food Sample
Authors: Tigari Girish , Manjunatha J. G. , D'Souza Edwin S. , Sreeharsha Nagaraja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, the active poly (titan yellow) and octoxynol‐9 modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (PTOMCNPE) was prepared and characterized through a Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). PTOMCNPEpromotes the detection and quantification of vanillin (VA). The electrochemical parameters such as the number of electropolymerization cycles, effect of surfactant,pH, and scan rate were optimized to get an enhanced current signal for the targetmolecule. Under calibrated conditions, the concentration linearity for vanillin was obtained from 2.0‐40.0 μM using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The limitof detection(LOD) for VA was found to be 4.9×10−8 M and 9.31×10−8 M using DPV and CV, respectively. The stable and selective VA sensor was applied to food analysis with excellent recovery.
Toward more accurate developer recommendation via inference of development activities from interaction with bug repair process
Authors: Wang Siwen , Wang Linhui , Qu Yang , Chen Rong , Guo Shikai 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSoftware projects usually receive a large number of submitted bug reports every day. Manually triaging the bug reports is often time‐consuming and error‐prone; thus, it is necessary to automatically assign the bug reports to the suitable developers for bug repair, with the help of bug tracking systems. Aiming to reducing the time consumption and mismatch of bug report assignments, we present a developer recommendation model for bug repair based on weighted recurrent neural network, namely, DTPM, which contains two parts: One obtains multisource semantic information of bug reports and fuses them into high‐dimensional semantic feature vectors, and the other combines a penalty matrix into a single hidden layer neural network to obtain more reasonable developer recommendations. We conduct experiments on five datasets of open bug repositories (NetBeans, OpenOffice, GCC, Mozilla, and Eclipse), and the experimental results show that DTPM can achieve better performance than state‐of‐the‐art models LDA_KL, LDA_KL, LDA_SVM, DERTOM, DREX, and DeepTriage.
AI Ecosystems for Human Flourishing: The Recommendations
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis chapter develops the conclusions that can be drawn from the application of the ecosystemmetaphor to AI. It highlights the challenges that arise for the ethical governance of AI ecosystems. These provide the basis for the definition of requirements that successful governance interventions have to fulfil. Three main requirements become apparent: the need for a clear delimitation of the boundaries of the ecosystem in question, the provision and maintenance of knowledge and capacities within the ecosystem, and the need for adaptable, flexible and careful governance structures that are capable of reacting to environmental changes. Based on these requirements, the chapter then spells out some recommendations for interventions that are likely to be able to shape AI ecosystems in ways that are conducive to human flourishing.
Quarter-BPS states, multi-symmetric functions and set partitions
Authors: Lewis-Brown Christopher , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe give a construction of general holomorphic quarter BPS operators in$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM at weak coupling with U(N) gauge group at finiteN. The construction employs the Möbius inversion formula for set partitions, applied to multi-symmetric functions, alongside computations in the group algebras of symmetric groups. We present a computational algorithm which produces an orthogonal basis for the physical inner product on the space of holomorphic operators. The basis is labelled by a U(2) Young diagram, a U(N) Young diagram and an additional plethystic multiplicity label. We describe precision counting results of quarter BPS states which are expected to be reproducible from dual computations with giant gravitons in the bulk, including a symmetry relating sphere and AdS giants within the quarter BPS sector. In the casen≤N(nbeing the dimension of the composite operator) the construction is analytic, using multi-symmetric functions and U(2) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Counting and correlators of the BPS operators can be encoded in a two-dimensional topological field theory based on permutation algebras and equipped with appropriate defects.
Dynamics of global and local vortices with orientational moduli
Authors: Eto Minoru , Peterson Adam , Schaposnik Massolo Fidel I. , Tallarita Gianni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of both global and local vortices with non-Abelian orientational moduli is investigated in detail. Head-on collisions of these vortices are numerically simulated for parallel, anti-parallel and orthogonal internal orientations where we find interesting dynamics of the orientational moduli. A detailed study of the inter-vortex force is provided and a phase diagram separating Abelian and non-Abelian vortex types is constructed. Some results on scatterings with non-zero impact parameter and multi-vortex collisions are included.
BCFT entanglement entropy at large central charge and the black hole interior
Authors: Sully James , Van Raamsdonk Mark , Wakeham David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this note, we consider entanglement and Renyi entropies for spatial subsystems of a boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) or of a CFT in a state constructed using a Euclidean BCFT path integral. Holographic calculations suggest that these entropies undergo phase transitions as a function of time or parameters describing the subsystem; these arise from a change in topology of the RT surface. In recent applications to black hole physics, such transitions have been seen to govern whether or not the bulk entanglement wedge of a (B)CFT region includes a portion of the black hole interior and have played a crucial role in understanding the semiclassical origin of the Page curve for evaporating black holes.In this paper, we reproduce these holographic results via direct (B)CFT calculations. Using the replica method, the entropies are related to correlation functions of twist operators in a Euclidean BCFT. These correlations functions can be expanded in various channels involving intermediate bulk or boundary operators. Under certain sparseness conditions on the spectrum and OPE coefficients of bulk and boundary operators, we show that the twist correlators are dominated by the vacuum block in a single channel, with the relevant channel depending on the position of the twists. These transitions between channels lead to the holographically observed phase transitions in entropies.