bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTIONS OF INITIATION INSTRUCTORS AND PARENTS ON THE ROLE OF INITIATION IN CHARACTER BUILDING OF ADOLESCENTS: A CASE OF MOCHUDI VILLAGE, KGATLENG DISTRICT IN BOTSWANA
Authors: Tuelo Semme Ratsie , Munsaka Ecloss 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: This study was aimed at describing the perceptions of initiation instructors and parents on the role of initiation in character building of adolescents.
Methodology: The study used a phenomenological approach. A sample of constituting 20 participants; 5 male initiation instructors, 5 female initiation instructors and 10 parents who have had their children going for initiation, all residing in Mochudi Village in Botswana. Purposive sampling, as well as snowball sampling were used to select participants. In-depth face to face interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted with the participants. The descriptive approach method (phenomenology) was used to interpret data.
Results: Findings revealed that initiation transforms an individual’s thinking, feeling and acting, regulating his or her perceptions of reality to conform to that of society, thus initiation can be used to as a societal structure to transform and build the characters of adolescents.
La Arquitectura de las Universidades
Authors: Domingo Calabuig Débora 
Published: October 2021

<p>Se cumplen 50 años de la confluencia de la pedagogía, la sociología, el urbanismo y la arquitectura en un mismo e intenso debate: el de los espacios para el aprendizaje en la educación superior. La llegada masiva de estudiantes a la universidad en los años 60 y 70 del siglo pasado, particularmente en Europa pero también en otras latitudes, propició la adopción de políticas relativas a los modelos de enseñanza, a la planificación de los campus y al espacio que debía dar soporte al aprendizaje. Las revistas de arquitectura más relevantes del momento narraron la preocupación por dar respuesta a una demanda social con la celeridad que requerían las expectativas de rápido crecimiento.</p><p>En la actualidad, el panorama universitario se muestra bien diferente. No solamente los espacios de aprendizaje se han visto profundamente transformados gracias a las nuevas tecnologías, sino que además las instituciones se juegan su visibilidad en un escenario de competitividad internacional. Las universidades se someten ahora a unas reglas de mercado que modelan sus políticas: una brillante producción científica, fructíferas relaciones con la industria, demostrada transferencia de conocimiento a la sociedad, y una atractiva oferta de titulaciones con promesas de alta empleabilidad, son los factores que construyen una imagen de marca que se materializa en un soporte físico cada vez más desplazado por una emergente actividad online. </p><p> Este número especial de [EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura] recoge cinco recientes producciones que evidencian una evolución de aquellas preguntas lanzadas hace medio siglo mediante nuevas respuestas que siguen alimentando las reflexiones.</p>
H2S treatment improves protective effect of MSC-derived exosomes upon of renal ischemia/reperfusion fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory signaling of TGF-β and NF-kB as well as ROS generation
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Wang Ruixiao , Li Zhaojun , Wang Xueyi , Qiao Xia , Ma Tao , Jiang Zongying , Huang Lingyan 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionH2S has been reported to participate in renal I/R fibrosis-associated signaling pathways. In this study, the authors hypothesized that the preconditioning with H2S could boost the effect of exosomes in the therapy of renal I/R fibrosis.Material and methodsReal-time PCR and Western blot was performed to analyze the gene and protein expression of Nrf2, NF-κB, TGF-β, α-SMA, and Col2 (Collagen Type II) in distinct conditions. H&E and MASSON staining were carried out to examine the kidney injury and fibrosis in I/R rats.ResultsH2S-preconditioned EXOs remarkably reinforced the therapeutic role of EXOs on attenuating the kidney injury in I/R rats. EXOs treatment significantly restored the activated gene and protein expression of NF-κB, TGF-β, α-SMA, and Col2 in I/R rats and cellular models, while H2S preconditioning remarkably strengthened the efficiency of EXOs. Besides, H2S preconditioning remarkably strengthened the efficiency of EXOs in restoring the activated expression of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α in I/R rats and cellular models and maintaining the altered activities of SOD, MDA, H2O2, GST and GPx.ConclusionsThis study utilized I/R rats to demonstrate that the administration of H2S- preconditioned exosomes showed more significant effect in inflammation and ROS generation than the unconditioned exosomes. To be specific, exosomes, especially H2S- preconditioned exosomes, could not only reduce the expression of NF-κB and the downstream inflammatory responses, but also promote the expression of Nrf2 and regulate ROS generation, leading to potential therapeutic effect on renal I/R fibrosis.
Los ricos más ricos de El Salvador
Authors: Albiac M. Dolores 
Published: October 2021

El primer dilema de este trabajo fue determinar si en la élite económica existen o no cambios, si son los de siempre o si hay nuevas caras, apellidos y capitales. "Más que cambiar las personas, cambiaron los capitales"; "son los mismos con pequeños cambios en quién sube o baja"; "hay algo de cambio generacional, de fusiones y particiones por matrimonios o herencias ... ". En todo caso, ni las guerras fronterizas o civiles ni un siglo de drásticos cambios del mercado internacional del que dependen, han alterado esa característica esencial de esta economía: la alta concentración.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 612, 1999: 841-864.
La psicología social de Ignacio Martín-Baró o el imperativo de la crítica
Authors: De la Corte lbáñez Luis 
Published: October 2021

Transcurridos los primeros diez años que nos separan del cruel asesinato del que fueron objeto Ignacio Martín-Baró y sus compañeros jesuitas, la figura de aquel esforzado y valiente psicólogo social sigue siendo recordada con añoranza entre sus compañeros de gremio en todo el mundo. No queda tan claro, no obstante, que la obra de Martín-Baró haya recibido la atención y el estudio que merecen. Este breve trabajo procura situar dicha obra en la tradición de pensamiento social y el contexto intelectual que actualmente le corresponden con la pretensión de evitar ciertas confusiones en torno a las implicaciones teóricas y epistemológicas de la misma.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 613-614, 1999: 975-993.
Psicología de la liberación y ciencias sociales
Authors: González Luis Armando 
Published: October 2021

Este artículo trata de dar respuesta a lo que es la psicología de la liberación, según Ignacio Martín-Baró, a cuál fue el paradigma de las ciencias sociales en el que se inscribieron sus tesis básicas, y cuáles son los desafíos que le plantean a la psicología de la liberación los nuevos desarrollos de las ciencias sociales tras la crisis del paradigma estructural totalizante. El autor termina formulando la siguiente pregunta: ¿es responsabilidad intrínseca de las ciencias sociales apoyar la realización de un cambio político liberador?
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 54, No. 613-614, 1999: 995-1008.
REKONSTRUKSI PEMBERI GRATIFIKASI SEBAGAI SUBYEK TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Sulastri Lusia , Tri Wibowo Kurniawan 
Published: October 2021

Gratifikasi terjadi karena adanya penerima gratifikasi dan pemberi gratifikasi. Namun demikian pemberi gratifikasi hingga saat ini belum diatur oleh peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai suatu tindak pidana. Hal ini terjadi pada kasus Samin Tan, dimana majelis hakim pengadilan Tipikor Jakarta melepaskan Samin Tan dari dakwaan pemberian gratifikasi sejumlah Rp5 miliar kepada Eni Maulani Saragih selaku anggota Komisi VII DPR periode 2014-2019. Kebijakan formulasi mengenai gratifikasi yang telah ada saat ini ada di dalam UndangUndang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 jo UndangUndang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Tindak Pidana Korupsi memerlukan penyusunan ulang (rekonstruksi) terutama dalam substansi pengertian gratifikasi, pelaporan penerimaan gratifikasi kepada KPK, sanksi pidana, dan kualifikasi pemberi dan penerima gratifikasi, sehingga optimalisasi penerapan dan penegakan hukum sesuai dengan tujuan yang hendak dicapai, yaitu kepastian dan keadilan.
Rekonstruksi pemberi gratifikasi sebagai subyek tindak pidana korupsi harus didasarkan pada tinggi rendah gratifikasi dan suap sesuai dari inti definisinya. Suap memiliki definisi adanya hubungan sebab akibat dari perbuatan yang mengakibatkan atau mempengaruhi seseorang dalam jabatannya sebagai penyelenggara negara terhadap kepentingan pemberi suap. Sedangkan gratifikasi seharusnya hanya sebuah pemberian hadiah saja, tanpa harus mengaitkan adanya timbal balik perbuatan. Dengan adanya bembedaan yang jelas antara perbuatan suap dengan gratifikasi murni yang tidak mengarah pada suap, maka dapat ditentukan bobot pemidanaan terhadap hal tersebut. Begitupula pada pemberi gratifikasi, apabila dikatakan sebagai suap, maka harus jelas berapa hukuman yang diberikan kepadanya. Misalnya Pemberi Gratifikasi sebagaimana Pasal 12 B Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 1999 sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang No. 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi adalah sama seperti penerima gratifikasi. Dengan demikian efek aturan tersebut dapat dirasakan seimbang karena memusnahkan supplay and demand dari perbuatan yang dilarang.
MEKANISME PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSTRUKSI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG JASA KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Priambodo Agus 
Published: October 2021

Hakikatnya proyek konstruksi timbul karena bertemunya dua kepentingan. Di satu sisi muncul permintaan (demand) dari Pengguna Jasa, di sisi lain Penyedia Jasa menawarkan layanannya (offer). Karena itu, dalam undang-undang nomor 2 tahun 2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi dalam Pasal 1 Ayat (5) dan (6) mendefinisikan Pengguna Jasa sebagai pemilik atau pemberi pekerjaan yang menggunakan layanan Jasa Konstruksi, sedangkan Penyedia Jasa adalah pemberi layanan Jasa Konstruksi. Konstruksi adalah salah satu industri yang sangat kompleks, hal ini karena dalam proyek konstruksi terdapat multi disiplin ilmu dan berurusan dengan orang banyak yang memiliki kepentingan masing-masing. Kondisi ini pula yang membuka peluang sengketa menjadi lebih besar. Sengketa dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi atau construction dispute adalah kejadian yang terkadang timbul dan tidak dapat dihindari dalam pelaksanaan kontrak. Penyebab terjadinya pun bermacam-macam baik dari faktor internal maupun eksternal. Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini yaitu Bagaimanakah penyelesaian sengketa konstruksi menurut undang-undang nomor 2 tahun 2017 tentang jasa konstruksi, Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yaitu mengandalkan data sekunder sebagai sumber data utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Setelah terbitnya UU No. 2/2017 tentang Jasa Konstruksi, sengketa konstruksi terlebih dahulu diselesaikan melalui musyawarah untuk mufakat. Apabila para pihak yang bersengketa tidak menemukan kesepakatan, maka penyelesaian ditempuh melalui tahapan penyelesaian sengketa yang diatur dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi. Kemudian apabila penyelesaian sengketa tidak tercantum dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi, maka para pihak dengan persetujuan tertulis mengatur mengenai tata cara penyelesaian sengketa yang dipilih.
KADİM ŞAMANLIKTAN ANADOLU’NUN VELİLERİNE/DELİLERİNE: MALATYA ÖRNEKLEMİ
Authors: SOLMAZ Fatih 
Published: October 2021

Kadim şamanlıkla Anadolu’daki mecnunluk/meczupluk veya delilik arasında kesintisiz bir bağ vardır. Kutsalla içkinliği ifade eden şamanlık ile ilahi olanla yakınlığı, masivadan sıyrılmayı yansıtan delilik (velilik) Türk kültüründe benzer özellikler göstermektedir. Giyim tarzı, kıyafetleri, konuşmaları, hareketleri ve esrimeyle ruhlarla iletişime geçen şaman, delilerin (velilerin) atasıdır. İslam dininin etkisiyle, çağa ve bölgeye göre değişiklik göstererek gelişen/değişen ve dönüşen şamanlık çeşitli şekillerde yeniden hayat bulmuştur.
Geçmişten günümüze, şamanlık, bahşılık, ozanlık, dervişlik, abdallık, mecnûnluk ve meczupluk adları altında gelen ve aklın sınırlı duvarlarını aşarak hakikate yakınlaşma, onu seyretme ve onunla (ilahi olanla ya da cinlerle) hemhal olma olarak adlandırılan ve kendisinden geçmeyi ifade eden delilik (velilik) üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur.
Kültür tarihimizde önemli bir yer teşkil eden delilik hakkındaki düşünceler Malatya yöresinde de varlığını devam ettirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Malatya’da yaşayan deliler etrafında meydana gelen anlatılar, şamanlık geleneği ile karşılaştırılarak kültürel bağlamda delilik olgusunun toplum tarafından nasıl görüldüğü ve deli addedilen insanların hangi yönleriyle şamanlara benzediği ortaya konulmuştur.
U-26 Causes of Ramadan and Edien conflict and its national and international solution
Authors: Uddin Salah , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: October 2021

According to Sharia, evidence of the month of Ramadan premised on two things: The first one is based on watching crescent and the second is based on the completion of thirty days of Shaban month. Through these two rules if there is no hindrance in watching crescent, so for Ramadan, watching crescent will be necessary. If having hindrance regarding this, then thirty days of Shaban must be competed. As Prophet Muhammad S.A.W says: Keep fast only when you watch crescent and open it the same way, and if there comes hindrance, you must complete thirty days, in these two rules there is no tussle between scholars. The conflict of crescents rising is credible. Similarly, in the light of astronomy, is it fine to accept or refuse witness or merely to keep fast or celebrate Aids on the basis of astronomy. The present study premised upon authentic study in this regard. Similarly, in the given article, on national and international level, after imitation of Ramadan and aids conflict and its reasons, the Solution comes to the end.
KONSEP MASLAHAH MENURUT IMAM MALIK DAN AL-TUFI (STUDI KOMPARATIF TENTANG MASLAHAH IMAM MALIK DAN NAJM AL-DIN AL-TUFI)
Authors: Setiyawan Imas 
Published: October 2021

Among the sources of Islamic law which is still disputed by scholars’ argument is maslahah. Some scholars reject it, but most agree make maslahah as one of the sources of Islamic law in matters of ijtihad. Imam Malik considered as a pioneer scholar who makes maslahah as one source of law ijtihadnya. His view was followed by the scholars 'other, one of whom is Najm al-Din al-Tufi, a cleric' Hambali. However, the twoleaders of thought are not the same, even in certain cases the difference is very sharp, although in certain parts have in common. In the view of Malik, maslahah serve as asource of Islamic law in matters which are not discussed formally by nas and ijma ', butmust not conflict with the spirit of the passage as a whole. In contrast, al-Tufi maslahahgood use in the problem discussed by nat/ijma ', or not. As for the area applications maslahah, both agree that that maslahah only be used in matters mu'amalah.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS INFORMASI LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PEMERINTAH KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Manurung Amran , Fau Sinarihati 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this research is to know the factors effect the quality of financial statement information on city government Medan. Based on the government regulation number 71 of 2010, the quality of financial statement information of central and regional government must fulfill qualitative characteristic. The factors are researched such as the competency of human resources, the system of internal contol, and the use of information technology
The collecting data are done by giving questioner to 40 respondents which are SKPD staff.at the agency of regional financial management on city government Medan. All questioners are returned completely. The data are analized by using SPSS.
The result of this research showed that significant value > 0,05 and it can be concluded that the variable of human resources did not have significant effect to the quality of financial statement information. And the significant value < 0,05 and it can be concluded that the system of internal control and the use of information technology has significant effect to the quality of financial statement. Based on F-test, the significant value < 0,05 and F-count > F-table and can be concluded that the variable of human resourses, the system of internal control and the use of information technology has positive effect simultenously to the quality of financial statement.
APLIKASI THEORY OF REASONED ACTION UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA VIXION (Studi Kasus : Mahasiswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi IT&B Medan)
Authors: Simbolon Sahat 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of theory of reasoned action in predicting consumer behavior to buy a Motorcycles Yamaha Vixion. Objective to investigate the influence of consumer confidence and the evaluation will result in a partial and simultaneous on consumer attitudes, to determine the effect of normative beliefs and motivations of consumers and simultaneously to partially subjective norms, to determine the effect of consumer attitudes and subjective norms, and simultaneous partial to behaveor interests . The benefits of research to provide inputs for the company in formulating and developing marketing strategies. to contribute to other researchers in the development of the theory of consumer behavior developed by Ajzen and M. Fishbein. Total sample of 142 respondents, the type of data used primary and secondary data and data collection tools and documentation koesioner. Data analysis tools used multiple regression.
The results showed consumer confidence coefficient and evaluation will have value positive effect on consumer attitudes, normative beliefs and motivation variables consumers have a positive value on subjective norms, as well as variables in consumer attitudes and subjective norms have positive value to the interest behaveor. Based on t test and F test showed that consumer confidence and the evaluation will have a significant effect partially and simultaneously on consumer attitudes, normative belief and motivation of consumers having a significant effect on partial and simultaneous subjective norms, consumer attitudes and subjective norms have an influence significant and simultaneous partial to behave interest to buy a motorcycle Yamaha Vixion.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGGUNA HOTSPOT (WIFI) (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Sumatera Utara)
Authors: Sagala Roslinda 
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of signal coverage hotspot (wifi), ease of access hotspots (wifi), access speed hotspot (wifi), and the comfort of hotspot access (wifi) and simultaneous partial effect on the level of user satisfaction. To determine whether the most influential factor / dominant on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi) in the Faculty of Economics, Catholic University of St. Thomas SU. The benefits of this study, those authors. Comparing theories - theories that have been explored for this through research conducted, as well as develop analytical and critical thinking skills to the problems that exist, For private university. As input and consideration for Private Higher Education to develop the quality of education as an institution of higher education with the needs and desires of students. Total sample of 45 respondents, the method of collecting data through questioner and documentation, methods of data analysis by factor analysis.
The results showed that: Coverage hotspot signal (wifi). These variables have a dominant influence on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi) in the Faculty of Economics of St. Thomas Catholic University of North Sumatra. Ease of access hotspots (wifi) proved to be the dominant influence on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi) in the Faculty of Economics of St. Thomas Catholic University of North Sumatra. Students are quite satisfied with the speed of hotspot access (wifi). These variables proved the dominant influence on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi) within the Faculty of Economics, Catholic University of St. Thomas North Sumatra. Influence comfort hotspot access (wifi) on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi). Based on the data that has been processed and analyzed, it can be concluded that the comfort of the hotspot access (wifi) has dominant influence on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi) Variable comfort hotspot access (wifi) positive effect on the level of user satisfaction hotspot (wifi). Thus increasing the speed of hotspot access (wifi) will be followed by increased user satisfaction.
Based on the research results Party IT Santo Thomas Catholic University of North Sumatra should maintain speed hostpot access (wifi). Researchers further should expand the scope of survey respondents, not only at the Faculty of Economics, Catholic University of St. Thomas North Sumatra, but it could be in the Faculty - other faculties. Researchers should be able to further expand variables - variables examined, because it is possible there are many factors - other factors that could affect user satisfaction hotspot (wifi).