bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents’ attitudes about a healthful school nutrition environment
Authors: Spence Marsha , Jones Sonya , Hardin Sonia 
Published: June 2021

In collaboration with a Coordinated School Health Program in rural East Tennessee, researchers piloted a survey with a convenience sample of 450 parents of students in grades K‐8 to determine their attitudes about the school nutrition environment (SNE) and changes that were made to improve the dietary quality of school meals. Of 108 returned surveys, 93 were complete and analyzed.Notable findings showed that most parents surveyed agreed (60.1%) or strongly agreed (30.2%) that schools should place a high priority on ensuring that students have healthy foods at school. Also, most agreed (51.6%) or strongly agreed (23.7%) that schools should have written wellness policies that address the type of foods offered to children throughout the day. However, greater than half of parents surveyed agreed (43%) or strongly agreed (10.8%) that it was okay to sell foods such as cookies, chips, and candies for fundraisers. Further, less than 40% of parents agreed (29%) or strongly agreed (9.1%) that parents should not allow their children to bring “junk” food to school for snacks or in lunches.Overall, most parents were supportive of school‐initiated measures to improve the SNE. However, these results suggest that they may not fully understand the importance of their roles in supporting a healthful SNE. Educating parents on these roles may be important to sustaining recently implemented school wellness policies.
EFFECT OF THE FIRST EPISODE OF ACUTE INFECTION ON THE WEIGHT CATCH‐UP GROWTH OF CHILDREN PREDOMINANTLY BREASTFED.
Authors: De la Cruz Vanessa , Salvador Villalpando , Tellez‐Rojo Martha 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the first episode of Acute Infection (AI) on the weight catch‐up growth (CG) in children from 0 to 12 months of age, predominantly breastfed.Methods: 78 children were followed monthly from birth to 12 months of age. The velocity of weight gain was calculated (VWG) before, during and after the first episode of AI and it was standardized by age and sex relative to a reference population of exclusively breastfed children. The standardized adjusted means VWG (SVWG) were compared among the three periods by lineal regression models for longitudinal data.Results: The SVWG during disease was modified by the duration of the event. The SVGW of the period after the event did not made up for full catch‐up growth (p=0.086). The resulting deficit of weight was of 37,9 ± 19,4 g.Conclusions: The children did not recover their expected weight after the first episode of AI in the follow up interval.
Anemia in older adults in Mexico
Authors: Levy Teresa Shamah , Villalpando Salvador , Rosas Verónica Mundo , Acosta Luz María Gómez , Nasu Lucia Cuevas 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of anemia and to assess its association with some risk factor in a probabilistic sample of Mexican adults older than 60 years.Information from 5480 adults (>60 y) extracted from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT‐2006) was included in the analysis. We examined emoglobin concentrations in relation to ethnic background, demographic and health status variables. Our results revealed that Mexican older women had lower hemoglobin concentrations (13.96 ± 1.75 vs 15.14 ± 2.11 mg/dL; P < 0.01), and higher prevalence of anemia (34.8 vs.1 7.0%; P < 0.05), than men.The prevalence of anemia was adjusted by sex, age, dwelling (rural/urban), ethnic background, incapacity, depression status and smoking. The prevalence of anemia was higher in indigenous (OR 1.6, CI95% 1.27, 2.2); incapacity (OR 1.9, CI95% 1.2, 2.9) and population from urban communities (OR 1.3, CI95% 1.04, 1,6) and increased with age (70 to 79 y: OR 1.3, CI95% 1.02, 1.7 2.2; and > 80 y OR 2.6, CI95% 2.4, 3.5).Anemia is becoming a public health problem in Mexico. It should be approached through aggressive interventions targeted to older people at risk in order to reduce rapidly the prevalence of anemia, thus limiting its negative short and long‐term effects on other health outcomes.
Physical activity during pregnancy and early postpartum in Mexican women
Authors: Hernandez‐Cordero Sonia , Neufeld Lynnette M , Garcia‐Guerra Armando , Aburto Nancy J 
Published: June 2021

The objective was to report physical activity (PA) during pregnancy (p) and postpartum (pp) in young Mexican women participating in a randomized supplementation trial. Women were recruited before 25 wks of pregnancy and followed to 3 m postpartum. We included 534 women who delivered singleton infants. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at recruitment, 37 wk pregnancy and 1 and 3 m pp. The PA categories were defined according to the IPAQ guidelines for data processing and analysis. Mean age at recruitment was 27.3±5.9 y and gestational age 20.8±5.8 wks. At baseline 46.1, 42.5 and 11.4% of women in the sample met criteria for low, moderate and high PA level, respectively. At 37 wks pregnancy and at 1 mo pp the percentage of women within the low PA category increased to 57.1% and 68.5%, respectively. At 3 mo pp women were doing vigorous PA on fewer days than at baseline (baseline=5; 3 mo pp=4, p<0.001). They also reported spending less time doing moderate PA (baseline=95; 3 mo pp=84 min, p<0.01) and walking during the day (baseline=76.6; 3 mo pp=62.7 min, p<0.001). Time spend sitting increased (p<0.001) from baseline (120 min) to 3 mo pp (151 min). The results of this study suggest that young Mexican women, living in poverty become more sedentary during pregnancy and the early postpartum period.The Oportunidades program financed this study and holds the rites to the data presented.
Students prefer service learning over traditional lecture in a nutrition course.
Authors: Stavrianeas Stasinos 
Published: June 2021

This project had two objectives: examine what children actually consume during school lunch, and provide undergraduate students with an opportunity to participate in a service learning research project.Method:All students (n=30) in a junior‐level general nutrition course volunteered for this study and formed teams who visited 3 elementary schools every day for one week. Elementary school students (n=30/school/day) were randomly selected and their lunch trays were photographed twice: immediately after they completed their food selection and right before they returned their used trays. Teams then compiled data (servings consumed, type of entrée, etc.) from the pictures on a spreadsheet. Food intake was estimated by subtracting the leftover food from what the child had placed on the tray. Analysis of nutrient content and caloric value of the food was conducted with the use of a commercially available nutrient database. The activity was easy to administer and was incorporated into the course curriculum.Outcomes: The student‐investigators submitted their report to the local school district and children's advocate groups, resulting in changes in the schools’ menu. Student surveys indicated a very high degree of satisfaction with this research activity and its positive impact on the local community.
Effect of caffeine intake on EPOC after resistance training
Authors: Astorino Todd Anthony , Martin Brian J , Volland Lena , Rohmann Riana L , Wong Keau 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of caffeine (CAF) intake on excess post‐exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in response to resistance training. Five strength‐trained men (mean ± SE age and mass = 21.1 ± 2.2 yr and 87.8 ± 15.4 kg) who were regular CAF consumers took part in the study. A randomized, double‐blind, crossover design was used. One week apart, CAF (6 mg/kg body weight) or placebo housed in identical capsules was ingested with water 1 h pre‐exercise. Pre‐exercise, subjects sat in a chair for 30 min to assess oxygen uptake (VO2). Subjects completed four sets of bench press, leg press, lat row, and shoulder press to fatigue at 75 – 80 % one‐repetition maximum. After exercise, EPOC was assessed for 75 min. VO2 was increased (p < 0.05) from pre‐exercise (0.30 ± 0.02 L/min) to 5 min after exercise (0.53 ± 0.04 L/min), and EPOC remained elevated (p < 0.05) after 75 min of rest (0.36 ± 0.03 L/min). CAF increased calorie expenditure before and after exercise, but it failed to reach significance (p > 0.05). There was no effect (p > 0.05) of CAF on VO2, VCO2, or RER. Compared to placebo, data suggest no effect of a 6 mg/kg dose of CAF on resting VO2 or EPOC. A larger sample size may be needed to show a significant effect of acute CAF intake on EPOC after rigorous resistance training.This project was funded by a University Professional Development/Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity Grant.
Choline deficiency influences the interaction between REST, chromatin methylation and altered fetal neurogenesis
Authors: Mehedint Mihai George , Niculescu Mihai , Craciunescu Corneliu , Zeisel Steven 
Published: June 2021

Dietary manipulation of choline during pregnancy alters mitosis, differentiation and apoptosis in the developing fetal hippocampus. In the current study, we asked if varying the availability of choline to neural precursor cells (NPCs) results in alterations of histone methylation and subsequent changes in hippocampal neurogenesis. Timed pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to choline deficiency on gestation days 12–17 (E12 – E17). In fetuses from deficient mothers, the level of mono methyl lysine 9 Histone 3 (1meK9H3) in the ventricular and subventricular zones of E17 hippocampus was decreased (56± 20% of control, P<0.01) as was the level of di‐methyl lysine 9 Histone 3 (2meK9H3) in the pyramidal layer (34±12 % of control, P<0.05). E14 mouse NPCs exposed in vitro to low choline medium exhibited similar changes. In addition, there was increase in the level of calbindin (Calb) relative gene expression (2.34 ± 0.4 folds, P<0.001), at 72 hours, in the low choline cells. REST inhibitor of neuronal genes is a major regulatory mechanism of Calb gene expression. CHIP assays showed that REST bound to chromatin is decreased in the low choline cells (6.1+/−0.3, P<0.01) relative to input DNA, which correlates with Calb mRNA level. At the same sites we report significant changes in the 1meK9H3 (2±0.3, P<0.05), 2meK9H3 (2.5±0.2, P<0.01) and 2meK4H3 (2.3 ±0.4, P<0.05) levels.This study is supported by the NIH grant AG‐09525.
Evaluation of automated methods for quantifying serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Courtney‐Hanwell Heather Elaine , Wagner Dennis , Vieth Reinhold 
Published: June 2021

Overview: The accepted biomarker of vitamin D nutritional status is serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. However, a clear understanding of vitamin D research is confounded by the variability among assays used for measuring 25(OH)D.Objectives: To compare two new automated assays with the well‐established DiaSorin radioimmunoassay (RIA) for 25(OH)D.Methodology: The 25(OH)D from human sera (n=160) was quantified using the RIA and two automated non‐radioactive immunoassays: DiaSorin Liaison â Total 25(OH)Dâ and Roche â Elecsys 25‐OHâ. Correlation was assessed with the Pearson test and agreement with the Bland‐Altman method.Results: The RIA and Liaison correlated well (r = 0.919) and with negligible bias (bias +/â 95% limits of agreement = â 0.72 +/â 16.01nmol/L). The Roche correlated similarly with both the RIA and Liaison but with higher bias versus the RIA (r = 0.871; bias = â 2.55 +/â 21.06 nmol/L) than the Liaison (r = 0.861; bias = â1.72 +/â 21.34 nmol/L). Imprecision (CV%) within‐run for the RIA, Liaison and Roche was 9.66%, 6.29%, and 4.52%, and between‐run was 10.8%, 6.67%, and 9.13%, respectively.Conclusion: For quantification of serum 25(OH)D, the Liaison â Total 25(OH)Dâ demonstrated a stronger correlation and better agreement with the reference method (RIA) than the Roche â Elecsys 25‐OHâ.
Modeling zinc (Zn) absorption (AZ) from single test meals (SM) as a function of dietary zinc (DZ) and phytate (DP)
Authors: Hambidge K Michael , Miller Leland V , Westcott Jamie E , Krebs Nancy F 
Published: June 2021

Background: Previous modeling of Zn absorption as a function of DZ and DP has focused on total daily diets (TD) (Miller et al, J Nutr, Jan 2007). Numerous studies, however, have been limited to SM.The objectives of this study were to compare the data from published SM to our model for TD studies and to fit the model to the SM data.Methods: For the first objective, AZ as a function of DZ and DP was plotted along with the surface of the TD model and the residuals were examined. Then the model was fit to the AZ data using nonlinear regression analysis and fitting statistics were evaluated.Results: SM data were clustered at the low end of the TD Zn and phytate ranges and AZ were consistently lower than that predicted by the TD model. This appears to indicate that, if the contents of the single meals were ingested over an entire day, the resulting Zn absorption would be notably higher. The AZ data ran parallel to the TD model in the DP axis, but deviated with increasing Zn in the DZ axis. Modeling of the AZ data produced an adequately determined phytate parameter with a value similar to the TD model, but values for the parameters relating AZ to DZ were very high and ill‐determined, indicating the absence of a saturation effect with increasing DZ.Conclusion: Though modeling data from SM can provide some insight into AZ as a function of DZ and DP, this relationship is better examined using TD data.Supported by IAEA and MRDDR Center Grant P30 HD004024.
Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells. Effect of ethanol.
Authors: Faria Ana , Pestana Diogo , Azevedo Joana , De Freitas Victor , Azevedo Isabel , Mateus Nuno , Calhau Conceição 
Published: June 2021

Anthocyanins are phenolic compounds that are consumed from many dietary sources such as red fruit, vegetables and red wine. They present a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activities. Bioavailability is a major issue regarding the biological effects of these compounds in vivo and remains unclear, with few data available on this matter.This work aimed to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanins on intestine using Caco‐2 cells. Anthocyanin extract, rich in malvidin‐3‐glucoside, was obtained from grape skins. Anthocyanins were tested on Caco‐2 cells cultured on transwell inserts for 25 days. The transported anthocyanins were detected by HPLC.Anthocyanins (200 μg/ml) were tested in Hanks medium, in absence or presence of 1% ethanol, for different incubation times. Our results showed that this transport was significantly increased in the presence of ethanol especially after 60 min of incubation. In addition, cells that were pretreated for 4 days with anthocyanins (200 μg/ml) showed an increase in their own transport. Cells viability was assayed and was not altered in these conditions. This result could indicate an interference of these compounds with expression/activity of the transporters involved on their own transport.Supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (POCI, FEDER, Programa Comunitário de Apoio, SFRH/BD/28160/2006).
Tumor‐to‐meningioma metastasis: Report of two cases
Authors: Takei Hidehiro , Powell Suzanne Z 
Published: June 2021

Background: Tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis is a well recognized phenomenon. Meningioma is the most common intracranial host tumor, with the most common primary sites being reportedly the lung and breast. We report two such cases of metastasis with the primary tumor being lung adenocarcinoma and malignant melanoma (MM) of vulva, respectively. The latter is the second reported case of MM metastasized to meningioma.Case 1: A 57‐year‐old male smoker presented with a headache and was found to have a left parietal contrast‐enhancing mass on MRI. Histologically, biopsy specimen revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma within meningothelial meningioma. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for TTF‐1. Subsequent CT examination revealed a mass in his lung. Case 2: A 75‐year‐old woman with a history of radical vulvectomy for MM died of widespread systemic metastasis. At autopsy, a 2.5×2×2 cm, firm nodule attached to the falx was incidentally found, with focal black discoloration at the periphery of the mass. Histologic examination showed fibroblastic meningioma with foci of metastatic MM.Discussion: Meningeal lesions in patients with malignant tumors may reflect a metastasis, a meningioma, or a metastasis in a meningioma, and the histological examination is crucial. Metastasis in meningioma may be an initial presentation of the primary tumor, as seen in case 1.
Intracranial chondroma of the falx in a child; Case report & review of the literature
Authors: Aljerian Khaldoon , Lach Boleslaw , Chorneyko Kathy , Nguyen Clara , Hollenberg Robert D. 
Published: June 2021

Intracranial chondromas (ICC) comprise 0.2 – 0.3% of intracranial tumours. They are usually located at the skull base and thought to arise from foci of synchondrosis. Extra‐skeletal ICC are less common; only 50 cases have been reported. These tumors have no bone attachment and their histogenesis isn't known. We present the immunohistochemical (IHC) and electron microscopy (EM) characteristics of a falx chondroma in a 15 year old child.The tumor was lobulated, 3.5 × 3.0 × 3.0 cm in diameter, pearly‐white externally and gray, with multiple gelatinous islands and small foci of ossification on the cut surface. The paraffin embedded tissue was used for routine and IHC stains. EM was performed on glutaraldehyde fixed material.Microscopic examination revealed a well differentiated chondroma with foci of ossification and islands of vacuolated cells (VC) encircling thin‐walled capillaries. The majority of VC was represented by PAS, Oil‐red‐O, Vimentin (VIM), CD68, CD31, trypsin‐anti‐chymotrypsin (TACT) and ferritin‐ positive macrophages. A subpopulation of spindle VC displayed reaction for S100, ferritin, TACT and VIM and on EM showed transitional morphological features suggestive of transformation to chondrocytes. There was no evidence of transitional forms to arachnoid cell.In conclusion, our IHC and EM studies suggest origin of extra‐skeletal ICC from a perivascular multipotential mesenchymal cell.
Retrospective survival comparison of patients with cerebral versus cerebellar glioblastomas
Authors: Rivera Andreana L. , Pelloski Christopher E. , Giannini Caterina , Aldape Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2021

Glioblastoma (GM) is one of the most common malignant parenchymal tumors in adults with the majority being supratentorial. Cerebellar GMs are far less common, comprising less than 1% of all intracranial GMs. To our knowledge, no large scale studies have been done to compare the survival outcome of cerebellar to cerebral GMs.Clinical characteristics of 42 patients with newly diagnosed cerebellar GMs from the files of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1985 and 2005 were reviewed, and compared with 649 cerebral GMs. The median age of patients with cerebellar GM was 38.7, which was significantly younger than for cerebral GM (56.7, p<0.001). Survival outcome between the two patient populations was also compared. The median survival for the cerebellar GM group was 61.6 weeks, not significantly different from the cerebral GM group (81.3 weeks, p=0.156). However, long‐term survivorship, as defined by survival at 2 years was 17.5% and 28.6% for cerebral and cerebellar GMs, respectively (p<0.001).Cerebellar GMs occur in a younger patient population than cerebral GMs. The median survival does not appear to differ, but there is an increase in long‐term survivorship in cerebellar tumors. Comparison of molecular signatures, treatment modalities and tumor progression among the patients are under investigation to better stratify the patient populations.
Neuronal hypertrophy in asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease in the BLSA
Authors: Iacono Diego , O’Brien Richard , Resnick Susan M , Zonderman Alan , Pletnikova Olga , Rudow Gay , Yang An , West Mark J , Crain Barbara , Troncoso Juan C 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To examine the sizes of neurons, nuclei, and nucleoli of asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (AD) subjects (ASYMAD) in specific cerebral regions: CA1‐hippocampus (CA1), anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and primary visual cortex (PVC); and to compare them with age‐matched controls (C), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and definite AD subjects (AD).Introduction: The pathology of AD may evolve gradually before the disease becomes clinically manifest. Thus, it is common to find substantial amounts of Aβ‐plaques (NP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brains of older subjects with normal cognition (ASYMAD).Methods: We examined and compared 15 autopsy brains per group: C, ASYMAD, MCI, AD. All subjects were from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Using designed‐based stereology (nucleator), we measured the volume of neuronal cell bodies, nuclei, and nucleoli in CA1, ACG, PCG and PVC.Results: We found a significant hypertrophy of the neuronal cell bodies, nuclei, and nucleoli of CA1 and ACG neurons in ASYMAD subjects compared to MCI (p<0.0001) and to controls (p<0.0001). In PCG and PVC, the hypertrophy was limited to the nuclei and nucleoli. The hypertrophy of neurons and their nuclei and nucleoli in ASYMAD may represent an early reaction to the presence of neurotoxic Aβ or Tau, or an adaptive mechanism that prevents the progression of the disease into dementia.
Thymoma and Myasthenia Gravis in a patient with Sarcoidosis
Authors: KURUKUMBI MOHANKUMAR , WEIR ROGER , Kalyanam Janaki , Nasim Mansoor , Jayam‐Trouth Annapurni 
Published: June 2021

Coexistence of thymoma, myasthenia gravis (MG) and sarcoidosis is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, thymoma, MG and sarcoidosis has not been reported together in the literature. We report an interesting case with coexisting thymoma, MG and sarcoidosis.A 59 year old female patient with a history of sarcoidosis, was admitted to the hospital with a one‐day history of sudden onset of right sided partial ptosis and diplopia. Neurosarcoidosis with cranial nerve involvement was considered, but was ruled out by the clinical findings, and MG was confirmed by the positive tensilon test, electrophysiological findings and positive Acetylcholine receptor binding antibodies. On further evaluation, CT chest showed left anterior mediastinal mass and bilateral lymphadenopathy. Post surgical diagnosis confirmed the thymoma and sarcoidosis in the lymphnodes.When two or more diseases of undetermined origin are found together, several interesting questions are raised. It is important to first confirm the diagnoses individually. Immunologic mechanisms triggering the occurrence of these diagnoses together, is difficult to address. Although the coexistence of thymoma, MG and sarcoidosis may be coincidental, it is noteworthy to report this case because of the multiple interesting features observed as well as the rarity of occurrence.