bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidacloprid Induces Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Nile Tilapia: The Role of Ascorbic Acid Combined Exposure
Authors: El-Garawani Islam M. , Khallaf Elsayed A. , Alne-na-ei Alaa A. , Elgendy Rehab G. , Mersal Gaber A.M. , El-Seedi Hesham R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Imidacloprid (Imid), a systemic neonicotinoid insecticide, is broadly used worldwide. It is reported to contaminate aquatic systems. This study was proposed to evaluate oxidative stress and genotoxicity of Imid on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the protective effect of ascorbic acid (Asc). O. niloticus juveniles (30.4 ± 9.3 g, 11.9 ± 1.3 cm) were divided into six groups (n=10/replicate). For 21 days, two groups were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Imid (8.75 ppm, 1/20 of 72h-LC50 & 17.5 ppm, 1/10 of 72h-LC50); other two groups were exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in combination with Imid (8.75 & 17.5 ppm); one group was exposed to Asc (50 ppm) in addition to a group of unexposed fish which served as controls. Oxidative stress was assessed in the liver where the level of enzymatic activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in addition to mRNA transcripts and, Lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. Moreover, mitotic index (MI) and comet assay were performed, in addition to the erythrocytic micronucleus (MN), and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were observed to assess genotoxicity in fish. Imid exposure induced significant (p˂ 0.05) changes in the antioxidant profile of the juveniles' liver by increasing the activities and gene expression of SOD, CAT and GPX as well as elevating the levels of LPO. DNA strand breaks in gill cells, erythrocytes and hepatocytes along with erythrocytic MN and NA were also significantly elevated in Imid-exposed groups. MI showed a significant (p˂ 0.05) decrease associated with Imid exposure. Asc administration induced a significant amelioration towards the Imid toxicity (8.75 & 17.5 ppm). A significant protective potency against the genotoxic effects of Imid was evidenced in Asc co-treated groups. Collectively, results highlight the importance of Asc as a protective agent against Imid-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in O. niloticus juveniles.
Aged Pu-Erh Tea Reduced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice by Regulating Intestinal Microbes
Authors: Hu Shanshan , Li Shi , Liu Yan , Sun Kang , Luo Liyong , Zeng Liang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Colitis is associated with gut microbiological disorders and oxidative stress-mediated intestinal inflammation. Pu-erh tea has been used as a beverage for bioactive potential in antioxidation and anti-inflammation. With increase of storage, the change of its bioactive components creates the difference of health care function. However, there is no evidence to show whether the storage period of Pu-erh tea affects its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant capacity in the colitis, or even intestinal protection. Results: In this study, 3.5% DSS-induced colitis mice were treated with 10 mg/kg bw/day extracts, aged 14 years (P2006) and unaged (P2020) Pu-erh tea respectively, for 1 week. It was found that Pu-erh tea, especially P2006, inhibited the intestinal oxidative stress-mediated inflammation signaling pathway (TLR4/MyD88/ROS/p38 MAPK/NF-κB p65), up-regulated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (Mucin-2, zonula occludens 1, occluding), promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, and in turn, improved the intestinal immune barrier, which stemmed from the reshaping of intestinal microbiota (e.g., increased Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Akkermansia levels). Conclusions: These results indicate that the changes of intestinal microflora caused by aged Pu-erh are the key to alleviate DSS-induced colitis, and speculate that drinking aged Pu-erh tea (10 mg/kg bw/day in mice, a human equivalent dose of 7 g/60 kg bw /day) has a practical effect on alleviating and preventing the development of intestinal inflammation.
Predictive Role of CC-Chemokine Ligand 2 in Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liao Guixiang , Zhao Zhihong , Fu Yuxiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression as a prognostic factor in digestive system cancers (DSCs) is inconclusive. Methods:Thus, our aim was to summarize the prognostic role of CCL2 in DSCs. Electronic database was carefully searched. Studies focusing on CCL2 expression as a prognostic marker in DSCs were included for analysis. Pooled data for survival outcomes and clinical features were recorded in terms of the hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: In all,1,458 patients with DSCs from 11 studies were included for analysis.The pooled data revealed that high CCL2 expression group was more easy to occur the presence of distal metastases (OR = 3.83, 95% CI: 1.98–7.38, P < 0.001), severer tumor invasion (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.31–4.34, P = 0.005), and advanced Tumor Nodal Metastasis stages (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.12–5.45, P = 0.02). Moreover, poorer overall survival (HR = 2.09, P < 0.001) were observed in the group with high CCL2 expression. High levels of CCL2 also indicated dismay disease-free survival (HR = 1.87, P = 0.005) .Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CCL2 can serve as a prognostic indicator in DSCs.
Ethical Process and Medical Consideration on the Viability Limit of the Extreme Premature in Northeast Mexico
Authors: Arízaga-Ballesteros Victor , Santos-Guzman Jesus 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the big challenge of neonatologists is the decision on the viability and need of treatment of an extreme preterm newborn. Even with all the technological and scientific advances only preterm at 23 week of gestation are able to survive, but frequently with many complications. Neonatologist face an ethical dilemma and many of them put the decisions of initiate medical treatment as shared decisions between parents and practitioners. For many neonatologists in northeast of Mexico states the real viability limit is 26 gestational weeks.
In this paper, we discuss the ethical principles involved in the decision of the limits of viability, the natural law paradigm, the deontology, the utilitarianism and the bioethics principles. The way this decision is constructed is not universal, because it is culturally influenced, and depends on experience, scientific and ethical knowledge. Many neonatologists do not know in deep the ethical principles needed to make these decisions and act more intuitively.
Design of Internal Flow Passage of Internal Chip Removal Drill for Suction Type Internal Chip Removal System
Authors: Wang Meng , Xu Chengyang , Zou Aili , Wang Gongdong , wang Yiwen , Yao Songyang , Jin Lei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the current problem that the cutting chips cannot be automatically recovered in the hole-making process of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites, This article first introduces a new type of drilling chip removal technology system-suction type internal chip removal system, which can timely and effectively discharge the powdery chips generated in CFRP hole processing during cutting; Secondly, in view of the problem of the internal runner design of the internal chip removal drill used in the system, this article conducted the following research: 1) Based on cutting experiments and statistical methods, classify the chips produced in CFRP hole making, and give the chip distribution rules; 2) Secondly, on the basis of fluid mechanics, using FLUENT simulation method, on the basis of defining the center distance and center angle of the inner runner for the design of the internal chip removal drill bit, the center distance and the center angle of the inner runner are given. The influence law of the chip removal center angle and the cross-sectional shape of the internal runner on the chip removal effect of the tool internal runner; 2) Based on fluid mechanics, using FLUENT simulation method, on the basis of defining the center distance of the inner runner and the center angle of the inner runner, the center distance of the inner runner, the center angle and the cross-sectional shape of the inner runner are given to the tool The influence law of the chip removal effect of the internal runner; Finally, a suction type internal chip removal system was built, and the experimental method was used to verify the correctness of the internal runner design of the internal chip removal tool.
Sch-net: A Deep Learning Architecture for Automatic Schizophrenia Setection
Authors: Fu Jia , Yang Sen , He Fei , He Ling , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Jing , Xiong Xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disease, which largely influences the daily life and work of patients. In the clinic, schizophrenia with negative symptoms is usually misdiagnosed and hardly treated. The diagnosis is also dependent on the experience of clinicians. It is urgent to develop an objective and effective method to diagnose schizophrenia with negative symptoms. Recent studies had shown that impaired speech could be considered as an indicator to diagnose schizophrenia. The literature about schizophrenia speech detection was mainly based on feature engineering, in which effective feature extraction is difficult because of the variability of speech signals. Methods: A novel deep learning architecture based on a convolutional neural network, termed Sch-net, is designed for end-to-end schizophrenia speech detection in this work. It avoids the procedure of artificial feature extraction and combines the advantages of skip connections and attention mechanism to discriminate schizophrenia patients and controls. Results: We validate our Sch-net through ablation experiments on a schizophrenia speech dataset that contains 28 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy controls. The comparisons with the models based on feature engineering and classic deep neural networks are also conducted. The experimental results show that the Sch-net has a great performance on schizophrenia speech detection task, which can achieve 97.76% accuracy on the schizophrenia speech dataset. To further verify the generalization of our model, the Sch-net is tested on open access LANNA children speech database for specific language impairment detection. Our code is available at https://github.com/Scu-sen/Sch-net. Conclusions: Extensive experiments show that the proposed Sch-net can provide the aided information for the diagnosis of schizophrenia speech and specific language impairment.
The 30 October 2020, Mw 7.0, Samos Earthquake: Aftershock Relocation, Slip Model, Coulomb Stress Evolution and Estimation of Shaking
Authors: Lentas Konstantinos , Gkarlaouni Charikleia , Kalligeris Nikos , MELIS NIKOLAOS S. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the major Mw 7.0, 30 October 2020, Samos earthquake and its aftershocks, by calculating improved locations using differential travel times and waveform cross-correlations.We image the rupture of the mainshock using local strong motion data, and we examine the Coulomb stress evolution prior to the mainshock, as well as the coseismic stress changes. Lastly, we estimate the produced shaking using all the available information from strong motion data and testimonies. Earthquake relocations reveal the activation of the E-W oriented, Kaystrios fault, in the North basin of Samos with a possible extension to the West. The kinematic rupture inversion suggests non-uniform bilateral rupture on a ~60 km × ~20 km fault area, with the main rupture propagating towards the West and maximum slip up to approximately 2.5 m. Improved locations of the aftershock sequence are anti-correlated with areas of maximum slip on the fault surface. Similarly, the Coulomb stress change calculations show that only off-fault earthquake clusters are located within lobes of increasing positive static stress changes. This observation is consistent with assuming a fault area of either uniform slip, or variable slip according to the obtained slip model. Both scenarios indicate typical stress patterns for a normal fault with E-W orientation, with stress lobes of positive ΔCFF increments expanding in E-W orientation. In the case of the variable slip model, both negative and positive stress changes show slightly larger values compared to the uniform slip model. Finally, Modified Mercalli Intensities based on the fault model obtained in this study indicate maximum intensity (VII+) in the North Samos island. Spectral acceleration values at 0.3 s period also demonstrate the damaging situation at Izmir.
Dietary pectin caused greatly changes in bile acid profiles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Cao Xiamin , Ren Shengjie , Cai Chunfang , Ni Qin , Li Xinyue , Meng Yunhe , Meng Zijing , Shi Ye , Chen Huangen , Jiang Rong , Wu Ping , Ye Yuantu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To reveal the impact of dietary fiber (DF) on the bile acid (BA) profiles of fish, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were fed diet containing 300 g kg-1 dextrin (CON diet, control) or pectin (a type of soluble DF, PEC diet) for 7 days, and then the BA profiles were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. A total of 26 individuals of BAs were detected in the fish body, with 8, 10, 14, and 22 individuals of BAs were detected in the liver, serum, bile and hindgut digesta, respectively. The conjugated BAs (CBAs) of fish were dominated by taurine-CBAs (TCBAs). The concentrations of free BAs (FBAs) and the values of FBAs/CBAs in the bile of fish fed the PEC diet were nearly 5 and 7 times higher, respectively, than those in fish fed the CON diet. The values of glycine-CBAs/TCBAs in the liver, serum and bile of fish fed the PEC diet were significantly lower, and in the hindgut digesta was higher than that of fish fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). These results suggested that dietary pectin greatly changed the BA profiles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, attributed to inhibition of reabsorption of BAs. Therefore, attention should be paid to the impact to BA homeostasis when replacing fishmeal with DF-rich plant ingredients in the fish diet.
Process Analysis and Roller Optimization of Micro-Groove Multi-Pass Rolling
Authors: Wang Huihang , Gao Xujie , Zhu Guangming , Chang Zheng , Guo Nana , Wang Zongshen , Zhu Lihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Micro-grooves with special structure can reduce the surface friction resistance. Rolling method can be used to form micro-grooves on metal surface efficiently. However, the micro grooves formed by this plastic forming method still had some defects, which had a serious negative impact on the drag reduction and mechanical properties of the micro grooves. Therefore, it is of great significance to optimize the multi pass rolling process to avoid the micro-groove defects. In this paper, a series of analysis on the microstructure, strain and material displacement of micro-grooves were carried out to explain the causes of micro groove defects. It was found that the overall extension of the plate has an adverse effect on the formation of micro-grooves and the hole types of the roller were optimized accordingly. The results of simulation and experiment showed that the optimized roller could produce the designed micro-groove, which perfectly avoided the generation of micro defects.
New Target of Oxidative Stress Regulation in Cochleae：Alternative Splicing of the p62/Sqstm1 gene
Authors: Li Pengjun , Bing Dan , Wang Xiaodi , Chen Jin , Du Zhihui , Sun Yanbo , Qi Fan , Chu Hanqi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To examine the oxidative stress and the antioxidant response of p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in cochleae during age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and then elucidate the function of full-length and variant p62/Sqstm1 (referred to here as p62) in the regulation of Nrf2 activation. Cochlear damage was assessed by analyzing auditory brainstem response (ABR) and by counting hair cells (HCs). For oxidative stress detection, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) expression in the cochleae was measured by assay kits and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression of full-length and variant p62 in cochleae, hippocampus (HIP) and auditory cortex (AC) was found by western blotting; For the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway activation, the Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the Nrf2 target genes HO-1/NQO-1 expression was detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. The oxidative function of full-length and variant p62 was examined in HEI-OC-1 cells by flow cytometry. The results showed hearing loss and cochlear hair cell loss was associated with MDA accumulation and 8-oxoG expression during ARHL and NIHL. Nrf2 showed no obvious changes in nuclear protein. Expression levels mRNA for HO-1 and NQO1 was lower in old mice and mildly greater in AT Mice. The expression of p62 splicing variant lacking the Keap1-interacting region was greater than full-length p62 in cochleae. However, the expression of p62 splicing variant was lesser than full-length p62 in HIP and AC. For HEI-OC-1 cells, high expression of full-length p62 decreased ROS levels induced by H2O2. Oxidative stress is closely related to ARHL and NIHL. Changing the ratio of full-length to variant p62 protein expression may be a new target to reduce the level of oxidative stress in cochleae.
Trait Gradients Predict Global Warming Changes in Seagrass Meadows
Authors: Pansini Arianna , Manna Gabriella La , Pinna Federico , Stipcich Patrizia , Ceccherelli Giulia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Comparing populations across temperature gradients can inform how global warming will impact the structure and function of ecosystems. Shoot density, morphometry and productivity of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to temperature variation was quantified at eight locations in Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea) along a natural sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. The locations are spanned for a narrow range of latitude (1.5°), allowing the minimization of the effect of eventual photoperiod variability. Mean SST predicted P. oceanica meadow structure, with increased temperature correlated with higher shoot density, but lower leaf and rhizome width, and rhizome biomass. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) strongly impacted seagrass traits independent of SST. Disentangling the effects of SST and Chl-a on seagrass meadow density revealed that they work independently, but in the same direction with potential synergism.Space-for-time substitution predicts that global warming will trigger denser seagrass meadows with slender shoots, fewer leaves, and strongly impact seagrass ecosystem. Future investigations should evaluate if global warming will erode the ecosystem services provided by seagrass meadows.
Addressing Child Health Inequity Through Case Management of Under-Five Malaria in Nigeria: An Extended Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Dasgupta Rishav Raj , Mao Wenhui , Ogbuoji Osondu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUnder-five malaria in Nigeria is a leading cause of global child mortality, accounting for 95,000 annual child deaths. This is largely due to high out-of-pocket medical expenditure, which discourages care-seeking and use of effective antimalarials in the poorest households. Resultingly, Nigeria has some of the worst indicators of child health equity in the world, stressing the need to evaluate the outcomes of potential interventions across socioeconomic lines. Methods Using a decision tree model, we conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of subsidies covering the direct and indirect costs of case management of under-five malaria in Nigeria. We estimated the number of child deaths averted, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure averted, cases of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) averted, and cost of implementation. We assumed pro-poor increase in treatment uptake, as the malaria burden in Nigeria disproportionately affects the poor.FindingsFully subsidizing direct medical costs and instating a voucher system covering non-medical and indirect costs would annually avert over 19,000 under-five deaths, 8,600 cases of CHE, and US$205.2 million in OOP spending. Per US$1 million invested, this corresponds to an annual reduction of 76 under-five deaths, 34 cases of CHE, and over US$800,000 in OOP expenditure. On account of low initial treatment coverage in poorer socioeconomic groups, health and financial-risk protection benefits would be pro-poor, with the poorest 40% of Nigerians accounting for 72% of all deaths averted, 55% of all OOP expenditure averted, and 74% of all cases of CHE averted. Subsidies targeted to the poor would see greater benefits per dollar spent than broad, non-targeted subsidies.ConclusionSubsidizing case management of under-five malaria for the poorest and most vulnerable would reduce illness-related impoverishment and child mortality in Nigeria while preserving limited financial resources. This study is an example of how focusing a targeted policy-intervention on a single, high-burden disease can yield large health and financial-risk protection benefits in a low and middle-income country context and address equity consideration in evidence-informed policymaking.
Tail-states induced appearance of conductor‑like behaviour in zinc‑tin‑oxide photo‑thinfilm transistors under sub-bandgap light excitation
Authors: Dhara Soumen , Niang Kham , Flewitt Andrew , Nathan Arokia , Lynch Stephen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We report on a strong persistent photoconductivity (PPC) induced appearance of conductor‑like behaviour in zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) photo-thinfilm transistors (TFT). The active ZTO channel layer was prepared by remote-plasma reactive sputtering and possesses an amorphous structure. Under sub-bandgap excitation of ZTO with UV light, the photocurrent reaches as high as ~10-4 A (a photo-to-dark current ratio of ~107) and remains close to this high value after switching off the light. During this time, the ZTO TFT exhibits strong PPC with long-lasting recovery time, which leads the appearance of the conductor‑like behaviour in ZTO semiconductor. In the present case, the conductivity changes over six orders of magnitude, from ~10-7 to 0.92 Ω-1cm-1. After UV exposure, the ZTO compound can potentially remain in the conducting state for up to a month. The underlying physics of the observed PPC effect is investigated by studying defects (deep-states and tail-states) by employing a discharge current analysis (DCA) technique. Findings from the DCA study reveal direct evidence for the involvement of sub-gap tail-states of the ZTO in the strong PPC, while deep-states contribute to mild PPC.
Real-time selective sequencing using nanopores and deep learning
Authors: Danilevsky Artem , Polsky Avital Luba , Shomron Noam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanopore sequencing is an emerging technology that utilizes a unique method of reading nucleic acid sequences and, at the same time, it detects various chemical modifications. Deep learning has increased in popularity as a useful technique to solve many complex computational tasks. Selective sequencing has been widely used in genomic research; although it introduces several caveats to the process of sequencing, its advantages supersede them. In this study we demonstrate an alternative method of software-based selective sequencing that is performed in real time by combining nanopore sequencing and deep learning. Our results show the feasibility of using deep learning for classifying signals from only the first 200 nucleotides in a raw nanopore sequencing signal format. Using custom deep learning models and a script utilizing "Read-Until" framework to target mitochondrial molecules in real time from a human cell line sample, we achieved a significant separation and enrichment ability of more than 2-fold. In a series of very short sequencing runs (10, 30, and 120 minutes), we identified genomic and mitochondrial reads with accuracy above 90%, although mitochondrial DNA comprises only 0.1% of the total input material. We believe that our results will lay the foundation for rapid and selective sequencing using nanopore technology and will pave the way for future clinical applications using nanopore sequencing data.