bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alendronate reduces the cognitive and neurological disturbances induced by combined doses of d‐galactose and aluminum chloride in mice
Authors: Zameer Saima , Hussain Salman , Vohora Divya , Kalam Najmi Abul , Ali Javed , Akhtar Mohd 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNeurological disturbances including cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments are the well‐reported consequences of old age‐related disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or dementia. Bisphosphonates were shown to ameliorate dementia in osteoporotic patients, neuroinflammation, and cholinesterase activity in rodents. Thus, the present study has been designed to examine the role of alendronate against cognitive and neurological disturbances in mice induced by a combined oral dose of d‐galactose and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) for 6 weeks. d‐galactose acts as a senescence agent, whereas AlCl3 is a neurotoxin and in combination generates neuropathologies and cognitive depletion resembling aging and AD. It was found that memory was markedly impaired in d‐galactose + AlCl3‐treated mice as assessed in different behavioral paradigms. Additionally, d‐galactose + AlCl3 led to neurotoxicity assessed on the basis of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glial cell activation, neuronal damage, and augmented GSK‐3β level in mice hippocampus. Consequently, alendronate administration orally for 15 days in d‐galactose + AlCl3‐exposed mice prominently reversed all these behavioral and neuropathological changes. These findings show that alendronate can be a potential therapeutic molecule with multiple targets for the management of age‐related neurological disorders such as AD.
Obestatin signalling counteracts glucocorticoid‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy via NEDD4/KLF15 axis
Authors: Cid‐Díaz Tania , Leal‐López Saúl , Fernández‐Barreiro Fátima , González‐Sánchez Jessica , Santos‐Zas Icía , Andrade‐Bulos Luis J. , Rodríguez‐Fuentes Manuel E. , Mosteiro Carlos S. , Mouly Vincent , Casabiell Xesús , Relova Jose Luis , Pazos Yolanda , Camiña Jesus P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundA therapeutic approach for the treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy should be based on the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms determining the unbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes and how to re‐establish this balance. Here, we investigated whether the obestatin/GPR39 system, an autocrine signalling system acting on myogenesis and with anabolic effects on the skeletal muscle, could protect against chronic glucocorticoid‐induced muscle atrophy.MethodsIn this study, we used an in vivo model of muscle atrophy induced by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to examine the liaison molecules that define the interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the obestatin/GPR39 systems. The findings were extended to in vitro effects on human atrophy using human KM155C25 myotubes.ResultsKLF15 and FoxO transcription factors were identified as direct targets of obestatin signalling in the control of proteostasis in skeletal muscle. The KLF15‐triggered gene expression program, including atrogenes and FoxOs, was regulated via KLF15 ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4. Additionally, a specific pattern of FoxO post‐translational modification, including FoxO4 phosphorylation by Akt pathway, was critical in the regulation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system. The functional cooperativity between Akt and NEDD4 in the regulation of FoxO and KLF15 provides integrated cues to counteract muscle proteostasis and re‐establish protein synthesis.ConclusionsThe effective control of FoxO activity in response to glucocorticoid is critical to counteract muscle‐related pathologies. These results highlight the potential of the obestatin/GPR39 system to fine‐tune the effects of glucocorticoids on skeletal muscle wasting.
Metastatic Diffusion Volume Based on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Prognostic Factor in Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Shimpei , Yoshida Soichiro , Ishii Chikako , Takahara Taro , Arita Yuki , Fukushima Hiroshi , Tanaka Hajime , Yokoyama Minato , Matsuoka Yoh , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUNDWhole‐body diffusion‐weighted MRI (WB‐DWI) is useful for assessing disease activity in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MET‐RADS‐P is a subjective assessment‐based reporting system proposed to standardize the interpretation of WB‐DWI. However, a quantitative evaluation of WB‐DWI has not been fully investigated.PURPOSETo investigate the validity, and analyze the prognostic value, of quantitative evaluation of WB‐DWI based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for CRPC.STUDY TYPERetrospective.POPULATIONSixty‐six patients with CRPC. The median age was 75 years. During the median follow‐up period of 25.2 months, 23 of 66 patients (34.8%) died of prostate cancer.FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEA 1.5 T WB‐DWI was used with two b‐values (0 s/mm2–1000 s/mm2). A single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence was used.ASSESSMENTWB‐DWI were evaluated by three readers according to MET‐RADS‐P scoring system. Using imaging software, Attractive BDScore, tumor diffusion volume (mDV) and ADC value of metastatic lesion (mADC) was calculated by two readers. The mDV was calculated with ADC values (×10−3 mm2/sec) of 0.4–0.9 (mDV0.4–0.9), 0.9–1.4 (mDV0.9–1.4), and 1.4–1.8 (mDV1.4–1.8), respectively.STATISTICAL TESTSSpearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation. The relationships between the variables with cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSmDVs showed a strong positive correlation with MET‐RADS‐P scores (r = 0.90/0.87, P < 0.05 for both). mDV showed a statistically significant association with CSS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, P < 0.05). When the mDVs calculated based on the ADC values were included, mDV0.4–0.9 (HR: 1.02, P < 0.05) and the number of therapeutic lines (HR: 1.35, P < 0.05) were significant independent indicators of CSS shortening.CONCLUSIONAssessment of metastatic tumor volume based on ADC values can be used in the prognostic evaluation of patients with CRPC. WB‐DWI might be a potential prognostic imaging biomarker for CRPC.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
A meta‐analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among Iranian women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer
Authors: Salavatiha Zahra , Farahmand Mohammad , Shoja Zabihollah , Jalilvand Somayeh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, all data from Iran on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and types among women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer were obtained and pooled. The overall HPV prevalence was found to be 9% in women with a normal cervix, 55% in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or atypia cases, 58% and 69% in women with low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, respectively, and 81% among women with invasive cervical cancer. In all of the studied groups, HPV 16 was the most common HPV type, followed by HPV 18. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis revealed that it will be beneficial if current HPV vaccines are integrated into the national vaccination programs of Iran.
An improved method for calculating the freezing/thawing index using monthly and annual temperature data
Authors: Liu Chang , Feng Song , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChanges in soil thermal regimes in cold climates have widespread impacts on hydrology, ecology, and the carbon cycle. The annual freezing and thawing index, which is generally calculated using daily temperature, has been widely used to estimate the freezing depth, active layer thickness, and the distribution of permafrost. However, continuous and reliable daily temperature data are scarce in cold climates, while monthly and annual temperature data are more readily available. If daily temperature data are unavailable, these indices can be estimated based on monthly or annual temperature data. In this study, we developed a resampling method for estimating the annual freezing and thawing index and compared the results with those produced by the existing methods. Daily temperature data with a 0.5° resolution over the Northern Hemisphere during 1901–2012 were used to calculate the freezing/thawing index, and then the monthly and annual temperature were calculated and three different approaches were used to estimate the daily temperature and the freezing/thawing index. When the monthly data were used, the resampling method produced the smallest relative error (RE) and mean bias error (MBE), and the largest correlation in estimating the two indices, compared to the two other methods. Although the annual temperature data usually underestimate the freezing/thawing index, the RE is still <5% over most of the high‐latitude regions. The results suggest that if the daily temperature can be reliably estimated using the resampling method, the thermal regimes of permafrost can be reliably estimated using modelled monthly temperature and/or reconstructed past monthly/annual temperature. These estimations can also be used to validate modelled paleo‐permafrost and its variations. Additionally, our results indicate that after the 1970s the annual freezing index (DDF) increased substantially, while the frost index (FI) decreased substantially.
Efficacy of an Er:YAG laser in the decontamination of dental implant surfaces: An in vitro study
Authors: AlMoharib Hani S. , Steffensen Bjorn , Zoukhri Driss , Finkelman Matthew , Gyurko Robert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEmergence of peri‐implant diseases led to the development of various methods for implant surface decontamination. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of biofilm removal from implant‐like titanium surfaces by an erbium‐doped yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser, titanium brush, and carbon fiber curet.MethodsEight study subjects were recruited. A custom mouth appliance that held eight sandblasted and acid‐etched titanium discs was fabricated for each subject. Subjects were asked to wear this appliance for 72 hours to allow for biofilm development. After retrieval, discs were removed and randomized to one of four treatment groups. The discs were stained with a two‐component nucleic acid dye kit, and the residual biofilm was visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Quantification of residual biofilm was performed using an image analysis software and expressed as the percentage surface area.ResultsFifty‐nine titanium discs were randomized to the four treatment groups. The percentage of titanium disc area covered by residual biofilm was 74.0% ± 21.6%, 32.8% ± 24.0%, 11.8% ± 10.3%, and 20.1% ± 19.2% in the control, Er:YAG, titanium brush and carbon fiber curet groups, respectively (mean ± SD). The biofilm‐covered area significantly decreased in each of the three treatment groups compared with control (P < 0.008). Comparisons between treatment groups did not reveal statistical significance.ConclusionsEr:YAG laser treatment is an effective method for reducing the bacterial biofilm on titanium discs. However, on a threadless titanium surface, Er:YAG laser does not exhibit a significantly greater efficacy in biofilm removal than commonly used titanium brushes or carbon fiber curets.
Creating learning health systems and the emerging role of biomedical informatics
Authors: Kohn Martin S. , Topaloglu Umit , Kirkendall Eric S. , Dharod Ajay , Wells Brian J. , Gurcan Metin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe nature of information used in medicine has changed. In the past, we were limited to routine clinical data and published clinical trials. Today, we deal with massive, multiple data streams and easy access to new tests, ideas, and capabilities to process them. Whereas in the past getting information for decision‐making was a challenge, now, it is how to analyze, evaluate and prioritize all that is readily available through the multitude of data‐collecting devices. Clinicians must become adept with the tools needed to deal with the era of big data, requiring a major change in how we learn to make decisions. Major change is often met with resistance and questions about value. A Learning Health System is an enabler to encourage the development of such tools and demonstrate value in improved decision‐making.MethodsWe describe how we are developing a Biomedical Informatics program to help our medical institution's evolution as an academic Learning Health System, including strategy, training for house staff and examples of the role of informatics from operations to research.ResultsWe described an array of learning health system implementations and educational programs to improve healthcare and prepare a cadre of physicians with basic information technology skills. The programs have been well accepted with, for example, increasing interest and enrollment in the educational programs.ConclusionsWe are now in an era when large volumes of a wide variety of data are readily available. The challenge is not so much in the acquisition of data, but in assessing the quality, relevance and value of the data. The data we can get may not be the data we need. In the past, sources of data were limited, and trial results published in journals were the major source of evidence for decision making. The advent of powerful analytics systems has changed the concept of evidence. Clinicians will have to develop the skills necessary to work in the era of big data. It is not reasonable to expect that all clinicians will also be data scientists. However, understanding the role of AI and predictive analytics, and how to apply them, will become progressively more important. Programs such as the one being implemented at Wake Forest fill that need.
Effect of impurities in dissimilar metal welds on their corrosion behavior
Authors: Bystrianský Václav , Bystrianský Jaroslav , Dumská Karolina , Macák Jan , Návoj Aleš 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDissimilar metal welds are commonly used constructional solutions in most light‐water reactors. Unfortunately, it may also be a source of operational problems due to the combination of two or more metals with different corrosion resistance. For welds of carbon and austenitic steel, it is possible to observe damage in the austenitic steel, which is the material with better corrosion resistance. This self‐contradictory phenomenon is presumed to be caused by the segregation of impurities (S, P, C) from carbon steel on austenitic grain boundaries. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effect of these impurities on the corrosion behavior of Fe–Cr–Ni alloys with different Cr and Ni content by using electrochemical methods.
Factors Associated with Health‐Related Quality of Life in Late‐Stage Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rosqvist Kristina , Odin Per , Lorenzl Stefan , Meissner Wassilios G. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Dodel Richard , Schrag Anette ,   the Care of Late Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) Consortium
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is limited knowledge on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in late‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo assess factors associated with HRQoL in patients with late‐stage PD, with a focus on health care provision.MethodsThe Care of Late Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) project is the largest study on late‐stage PD to date. The current study analyzed data of 401 patients from 6 European countries in whom HRQoL was assessed with the 8‐item PD Questionnaire in patients without dementia. Factors potentially associated with HRQoL were assessed and examined in linear regression analyses.ResultsBetter HRQoL was associated with living at home, greater independence in activities of daily living (Schwab and England Scale), less severe disease (Hoehn and Yahr stage), better motor function (Unified PD Rating Scale Part III), and lower non‐motor symptoms burden (Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale [NMSS]) across all NMSS domains. Having a PDspecialist as physician for PD, contact with a PDnurse, and no hospital admission during the past 3 months were associated with better HRQoL, but having seen a physiotherapist or occupational therapist was associated with worse HRQoL.ConclusionsThe results emphasize the importance of optimizing treatment for motor and multiple non‐motor symptoms to improve HRQoL in patients with late‐stage PD. PD‐specific health care resources, particularly PDnurses, are likely important in addressing issues to improve HRQoL in this population. Worse HRQoL in those who had recently seen a physiotherapist or occupational therapist may reflect referral based on factors not measured in this study.
Childbearing intention and its associated factors: A systematic review
Authors: Hashemzadeh Mozhgan , Shariati Mohammad , Mohammad Nazari Ali , Keramat Afsaneh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the core determinants of fertility intentions.DesignSystematic review.MethodsOvid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched for the relevant articles published from 1946–December 2017. We updated our records by searching three computerized databases (Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS and WOS) from 2018–January 2021.Results53 studies included in the qualitative synthesis. The results of some studies indicated the impact of demographic factors, physical and psychological health, happiness and child desire. The most frequent variables in a couple's mesosystem were marital status, parity, partnership satisfaction and gender role attitude. The mesosystem of childbearing intention also included family and peers network. The EXEO system of the ECSM includes certain variables, such as job characteristics, urban residence, housing condition. The macrosystem comprises cultural and societal principles with broader influences on the couple's system.
Composite electrode material of MoO3‐MC‐SiO2‐PANI: Aqueous supercapacitor cell with high energy density, 1 V and 250,000 CD cycles
Authors: Gottam Ramesh , Srinivasan Palaniappan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA synthesis of electrode material with higher‐energy density and more extended stability is very significant for replacing the present‐day supercapacitor demand. Toward this objective, in this work, a composite containing three primary materials meant for supercapacitor application is synthesized. They are conducting polymer, metal oxide, and carbon materials. A unique quaternary composite is prepared via the chemical method using mesoporous carbon (MC), polyaniline (PANI), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) materials. This composite is used as an electroactive material in symmetric electrode configuration in aqueous electrolyte supercapacitor. As synthesized MoO3‐MC‐SiO2‐PANI sample is subjected to 250,000 CD cycles at a higher discharge current density of 16.6 A/g with 57% retention of the initial capacitance of 45 F/g with low and constant equivalent series resistance (ESR) value (3–3.8 Ω). This composite showed an energy density (ED) as 31 Wh/Kg at a power density of 155 W/Kg. The excellent stability of the electrode material was established by evaluating the electrode material after the subjection of 250,000 CD cycles by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (CD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.
Presentation acuity, induction mortality, and resource utilization in infants with acute leukemia
Authors: Ibrahimova Azada , Winestone Lena E. , Miller Tamara P. , Kettler Kyle , Seif Alix E. , Huang Yuan‐Shung , Elgarten Caitlin W. , Myers Regina M. , Fisher Brian T. , Aplenc Richard , Getz Kelly D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of infants with acute leukemia remains challenging, especially for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Infants have shown markedly higher rates of induction mortality compared with noninfants. There are limited data on presentation acuity and supportive care utilization in this age group.MethodsIn retrospective analyses of patients treated for new onset ALL or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at pediatric hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System, we compared presentation acuity, induction mortality, and resource utilization in infants relative to noninfants less than 10 years at diagnosis.ResultsAnalyses included 10 359 children with ALL (405 infants, 9954 noninfants) and 871 AML (189 infants, 682 noninfants). Infants were more likely to present with multisystem organ failure compared to noninfants for both ALL (12% and 1%, PR = 10.8, 95% CI: 7.4, 15.7) and AML (6% vs. 3%; PR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7). Infants with ALL had higher induction mortality compared to noninfants, even after accounting for differences in anthracycline exposure and presentation acuity (2.7% vs. 0.5%, HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.8). Conversely, infants and noninfants with AML had similar rates of induction mortality (3.2% vs. 2.1%, HR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.3, 3.9), which were comparable to rates among infants with ALL. Infants with ALL and AML had greater requirements for blood products, diuretics, supplemental oxygen, and ventilation during induction relative to noninfants.ConclusionsInfants with leukemia present with higher acuity compared with noninfants. Induction mortality and supportive care requirements for infants with ALL were similar to all children with AML, and significantly higher than those for noninfants with ALL.
Parallel esterification of bio‐based dicarboxylic acids in small scale film reactors: A high‐throughput study
Authors: Hevus Ivan , Webster Dean C. , McNamara John , Ricapito Nicole G. , Tymoshenko Stepan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe applicability of polyesters across a wide range of fields creates a demand for novel polyester structures that can offer advanced product performance. Two critical factors to the development of unique polymer architectures are the speed at which new polymeric systems can be synthesized and the available selection of monomers from which polymers are designed. Herein, we successfully demonstrate the applicability of a high‐throughput (HT) approach to polyesterification reaction between dicarboxylic acids and diols in reaction conditions similar to those used in industry. Furthermore, we apply our HT design to a series of bio‐based monomers whose unique structures offer potential for enhanced properties in polyester‐based systems. Using a custom‐built array of small‐scale film reactors, we conducted a parallel screening of 13 bio‐based dicarboxylic acids as potential monomers in the synthesis of polyester polyols through copolymerization with 1,6‐hexanediol. The polyester polyols were characterized for their molecular weight and thermal properties. Carrying out polyesterification reactions in small‐scale film reactors is seen as a quick and powerful tool for screening the effectiveness of a series of potential monomers, as this method offers highly controllable and reproducible reaction conditions in every reactor coupled with the ability to use a minimum amount of reagents.