bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midwives’ challenges in the management of postpartum haemorrhage at rural PHC facilities of Limpopo province, South Africa: an explorative study
Authors: Irene Ramavhoya Thifhelimbilu , Sonto Maputle Maria , Tsakani Lebese Rachel , Makhado Lufuno 
Published: April 2021

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is one of the causes of the rise in maternal mortality. Midwives’ experiences related to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) management remain unexplored, especially in Limpopo. The purpose of the study was to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH.
Methods: Qualitative research was conducted to explore the challenges experienced by midwives in the management of women with PPH. Midwives were sampled purposefully. Unstructured interviews were conducted on 18 midwives working at primary health care facilities. Data were analysed after data saturation.
Results: After data analysis, one theme emerged “challenges experienced by midwives managing women with PPH” and five subthemes, including: “difficulty experienced resulting in feelings of frustrations and confusion and lack of time and shortage of human resource inhibits guidelines consultation”.
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that midwives experienced difficulty when managing women with postpartum haemorrhage. For successful implementation of maternal health care guidelines, midwives should be capacitated through training, supported and supervised in order to execute PPH management with ease.
Keywords: Midwifery in South Africa; implementation of maternal guidelines; postpartum haemorrhage; maternal mortality.
Why do married women procure abortion? Experiences from Ile-Ife, south western Nigeria
Authors: Eunice Ojo Ibitola , Olumuyiwa Ojo Temitope , Okechukwu Orji Ernest 
Published: April 2021

Background: In Nigeria, about 1.25million induced abortions occur annually and the country accounts for one-fifth of abor- tion-related deaths globally.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the determinants of induced abortion among married women.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The quantitative component employed a cross-sectional study design while the qualitative aspect comprised focus group discussions. Information on contraceptives use, unintended pregnancy and induced abortion were obtained from 402 married women (with at least one child) aged 18-49 years using a semi-structured questionnaire. Four focus group discussion sessions were conducted among women of reproductive age.
Results: Majority (67.2%) of respondents had ever used a contraceptive method. However, 34.3% of the women have had un- intended pregnancies and 14.2% had induced abortion. FGD findings revealed that non-use of contraceptives and contraceptive failure were major reasons for unintended pregnancies and induced abortion. The significant predictors of induced abortion were non-use of contraceptives, age≥ 40 years and multiparity.
Conclusion: Induced abortion still occur among married women particularly those not using contraceptives, aged ≥40 years and those with high parity. More emphasis should be placed on making contraceptives more accessible to married women.
Keywords: Induced abortion; unwanted pregancies; married women; Nigeria.
Socio-demographic determinants of neonatal mortality in Algeria according to MICS4 data (2012-2013)
Authors: Sidi-Yakhlef Adel , Boukhelif Meryem , Aouar Metri Amaria 
Published: April 2021

Background: Neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in developing countries, including Algeria. Information on this indicator makes it possible to assess government efforts to improve the living conditions of target populations.
Objectives: This study aims to identify some determinants associated with this mortality from data of multiple indicator cluster survey conducted in Algeria in 2012-2013 (mics 4).
Methods: A retrospective case-control study including 1047 cases and 1041 controls. From a logistic regression model, we appreciated the role of different factors, socio-demographic, economic and geographic (Mother's age, level of education, wealth index, area of residence) in newborn survival. Results: The main factors associated with neonatal mortality were rural residence (p<0.01; OR= 1.3 ; CI 1.08-1.54), South geographical area (p<0.05; OR=1.5 ; CI 1.18-1.84), low education level of mother (p<0.01; OR= 2.10 ; CI 1.35– 3.29), early age of maternal procreation (p<0.001; OR=4.34 ; CI 2.19– 14.40), the birth rank "7 and over" (<0.01; OR = 1.57; CI 1.13 – 2.44) and the two lowest wealth indices (p <0.001; OR = 2 ; 1.45- 2.62 and p <0.01; OR = 1.66; CI 1.23-2.26).
Conclusion: In addition to the various reproductive health strategies already adopted by the authorities for health promo- tion and family planning, action should be taken to evaluate their implementation with sustained assistance for disadvantaged people and in risk areas.
Keywords: Neonatal mortality; Algeria; MICS4 data (2012-2013).
Herbal medicine used by the community of Koneba district in Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Zeynu Ali , Wondimu Tigist , Demissew Sebsebe 
Published: April 2021

Background: Pastoral communities of the Afar people in northeastern Ethiopia use medicinal plants for various health problems. However, very limited scientific documents are found addressing ethnomedicinal knowledge of the community.
Objective: This study aimed at documenting herbal medicine and the associated knowledge from Koneba district of Afar Regional State, Ethiopia.
Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to select study sites and key informants. General informants were selected through simple random sampling methods. Semi-structured interviews and guided field walk were used to collect data while Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), Fidelity Level (FL) and Preference Ranking were used to analyze and verify data.
Results: A total of 67 medicinal plant species used to treat humans and livestock ailments were recorded and collected. Thirteen medicinal plant species were mentioned as effective medicine against snake bite (ICF; 0.68) while nine species used to treat malaria, common cold and fever (ICF: 0.67). Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A.Rich.) Desc. ex Wild & R.B.Drumm. was the most preferred species used to combat snakebite, which was prevalent in the area.
Conclusion: Snake bite, malaria, common cold and fever are common health problems in the study area. Efficient use of herbal medicine has minimized the impact of these diseases.
Keywords: Ethnomedicine; informant consensus; snakebite.
Distribution of phthisis bulbi and status of fellow eyes at a tertiary eye-care centre in Nigeria: a ten-year review
Authors: A Adewara Bolajoko , A Badmus Sarat , T Olugbade Olukemi , Ezeanosike Edak , O Adegbehingbe Bernice 
Published: April 2021

Background: Phthisis bulbi is an irreversible cause of visual loss with insufficient evidence about its aetiology and status of patients’ fellow eyes.
Objectives: To identify the distribution of patients with phthisis bulbi and determine the status of their fellow eyes at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Methods: We analysed data retrospectively retrieved from medical records of patients diagnosed with phthisis bulbi at in- itial clinic visit from January 2008 to December 2017. Information abstracted included biodata, laterality of phthisical eye, duration and aetiology of phthisis bulbi, visual acuity, and morbidities present in fellow eyes.
Results: Seventy-nine patients presented with unilateral phthisis bulbi. The mean age was 51±21.2 years and forty (50.6%) were males. The commonest aetiologies of phthisis bulbi were trauma 37 (46.8%), infection 17 (21.5%) and uveitis/inflam- mation 11 (13.9%). Seventy (88.6%) patients had morbidities in their fellow eye such as glaucoma 26 (32.9%), refractive errors 23 (29.1%) and cataract 22 (27.9%). Forty (50.6%) patients were either visually impaired or blind in their fellow eye (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The commonest cause of phthisis bulbi was trauma. Approximately nine out of ten patients had ocular mor- bidities in their fellow eye. A thorough follow-up of patients with phthisis bulbi is recommended.
Keywords: Fellow eye; Nigeria; ocular trauma; distribution; phthisis bulbi.
Mercury hygiene and biomedical waste management practices among dental health-care personnel in public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatosin Makanjuola John , Idah Ekowmenhenhen Uyi , Lami Enone Lillian , Chioma Umesi Donna , Mojirayo Ogundana Oladunni , Toyin Arotiba Godwin 
Published: April 2021

Background: Indiscriminate disposal of hospital wastes including mercury/amalgam wastes pose a serious threat to life and environment. There is a growing concern about biomedical waste (BMW) management among health care workers, however there are limited reports on BMW management by dental personnel in developing countries.
Objectives: This study investigated the level of knowledge of BMW, observance of proper mercury hygiene and BMW management practice among public dental personnel in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study regarding BMW management across public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria was con- ducted following institutional ethics committee approval. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to obtain data from different facilities selected by purposive and simple random sampling techniques as applicable. The questionnaires were dis- tributed among 437 respondents by convenience sampling. The resulting data were statistically tested using Chi-square and G-test with p-value < 0.05 indicating significant level.
Results: Amongst 437 respondents, majority were females (62.5%) and the highest proportion fell within the age range of 25–34 years (44.4%). Only 17.2% of the respondents had good knowledge of BMW management/legislation and 4.1% had good BMW practice. Less than half (49.4%) of respondents disposed mercury-contaminated materials inside the trash and majority (92.2%) did not observe proper mercury hygiene. Significantly better mercury hygiene practices were observed in secondary facilities (p=0.040).
Conclusion: A minor proportion of public dental personnel had good knowledge and practice of proper mercury hygiene and BMW management. This shows there is an urgent need for training of health personnel on proper BMW handling and disposal in developing countries like Nigeria.
Keywords: Biomedical waste management; mercury hygiene; dental personnel; Nigeria.
Access to root canal treatment in a Nigerian sub-population: assessment of the effect of dental health insurance
Authors: Ikhodaro Idon Paul , Akeem Sotunde Olawale , Olawale Ogundare Temiloluwa , Yusuf Janada , Oluwatosin Makanjuola John , Mohammed Abdulmumini , Emmanuel Igweagu Chibuzor , Alalade Olusegun 
Published: April 2021

Background: The final pathway of tooth mortality lies between tooth extraction, and the more expensive and less accessible root canal treatment (RCT).
Aim: To determine the extent to which individuals’ financial resources as measured by socioeconomic status and dental insurance coverage affects their access to RCT.
Methods: A hospital-based study that used a 15-item questionnaire to collect data among patients scheduled for RCT. All scheduled subjects (N = 291) over a one-year period constituted the sample for the study. Using the SPSS software, associa- tions between the subjects’ variables, and the dental insurance status were carried out with Chi square and independent t test respectively at 95% confidence interval.
Results: Two hundred and ninety-one subjects were to have 353 RCTs within the study period. A high proportion (79.7%, p < 0.001) of the subjects had dental health insurance, majority (95.3%) of which was government funded. 20.9% of those with previous tooth loss was due to inability to afford cost of RCT. The lowest socioeconomic group had the highest pro- portion (90%, p = 0.421) of insured that visited for RCT.
Conclusion: Dental insurance increased access to RCT. Socioeconomic status did not affect dental insurance status and dental visit for RCT.
Keywords: Dental insurance; health insurance; root canal treatment.
Comparative effects of charred bamboo and its ash on the growth of Entandrophragma angolense (welw.) C dc seedlings
Authors: Aderounmu A. , Asinwa I.O. , Omolewa J.O. , Ishola J.O. 
Published: April 2021

Entandrophragma angolense is relatively slow growing species and its growth needs to be enhanced by soil nutrients amendment. Uniformed two weeks old seedlings of E. angolense were transplanted into the polythene pots filled with 2kg of degraded soil and mixed with different levels of biochar and ash produced from bamboo. A 2 x 7 factorial experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications to assess the effects of charred bamboo and its ash on the stem girth, leaf area, leaf production and shoot height of E. angolense. The germination data were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments in leaf area and shoot height while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatments in stem girth, leaf production and interactions among levels of biochar and ash. On stem girth, leaf production and shoot height, T6 (15g of bio char + 15g of ash + degraded soil) had the highest mean value of 4.27 mm, 4.59 and 37.55cm respectively while T2 (30g of bio char + 0g of ash + degraded soil) had the highest leaf area (73.31cm2 ). The biochar and ash from bamboo had significant effects on the growth and development of E. angolense seedlings on degraded soil.
Keywords: Degraded soil, Pyrolysis, Biochar, Ash, E. angolense
Field management of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) leaf blight via fungicidal spray of foliage
Authors: Mbi Tabi Kingsley , Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Godswill , Tonfack Libert Brice , Youmbi Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

Taro leaf blight (TLB) epidemic hit Cameroon for the first time in 2009. Since then, the disease is persistent and its typical devastating legacy is threatening Taro (Colocasia esculenta) in the North and South West Regions of Cameroon. This study was initiated with the objective to determine the potentials of some fungicides to control TLB. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 3x15x2 factorial, including 3 treatments: T1 (Callomil plus72WP), T2 (Mancoxyl plus 720WP) and T3, 1:1 ratio T1 + T2 all applied at concentrations of 4g/L; 15 repetitions and 2 planting seasons (dry season i.e. October 2014 – March 2015 and rainy season i.e. April-October 2015). Disease incidence and disease severity were used to evaluate the disease progression while corm yield was used to appraise the economic injury. The results revealed disease incidence of 0% during the dry season and 18.2%, 27.3% and 100%, for T1, T2 and T3 and control during rainy season respectively. Disease severity was 75% in control and only 1% for the different treatments. Corm yield in the rainy season was 17.4kg, 15.08kg, 14.27kg and 5.89kg for T1, T2, T3 and control respectively. This study suggests that TLB epidemic can effectively be managed by foliage spray with Metalaxyl containing fungicides at a weekly dosage of 4g/L.
Key words: Chemical control, Colocasia esculenta, Epidemic, Phytopathology, Phytophthora colocasiae
Consumption pattern of chicken and consumer awareness of unwholesome practises by some dressed chicken smugglers In Oyo Town, Nigeria
Authors: Okunlola O.O. 
Published: April 2021

Oyo town has a large concentration of poultry farms in Oyo state. This will in no small way influence the meat choice of the people of the town. This study was carried out to determine the consumption pattern of chicken and the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers in Oyo town, Nigeria. A total of 100 questionnaires were purposively administered to chicken consumers in thestudy area. Also, a multistage sampling method was adopted with the study area divided into three, on Local Government Area (LGA) basis. in the first stage. In the second stage, 30 questionnaires were administered in each of Oyo East and Oyo West LGAs while 40 were administered in Atiba LGA. Data from the table show that majority of the respondents were female (62%), aged between 20 – 39 years (46%) and had tertiary education (54%). From the table, 22% claimed affordability as the reason for chicken purchase while 72% preferred dressed chicken to live chicken.The results also show that 56% of the respondents ate chicken weekly and 47% of them made their purchases from farms and farm outlets. Factors considered to influence purchases were affordability (30%) and availability (24%). Only twenty four percent (24%) of the respondents were aware of the unwholesome practices by dressed chicken smugglers while 46% of those aware saw the consumption of smuggled chicken as hazardous.
Key words: Oyo town, chicken consumption, chicken preferences, dressed chicken smugglers, food safety
Vector-borne haemoparasitic and rickettsial diseases of dogs in South west, Nigeria: An eleven years retrospective study
Authors: Takeet M.I. , Sumonu D.A. , Awoyomi J.O. , Abakpa S.A.V. 
Published: April 2021

Adequate knowledge of the occurrence and seasonal variation in the distribution of parasitic and rickettsial diseases affecting dogs is required for formulation of effective disease control measures. Hence, this study assessed the prevalence of vector borne haemoparasites and rickettsial of dogs between 2009 and 2019. Clinical records of dogs presented for clinical examination and confirmed by microscopic screening of their blood were assessed and analysed statistically. Overall, 1483 dogs were presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH). This included 641 (43.2%) male, 842 (56.8%) female, 967 (65.2%) young and 516 (34.8%) adult dogs. 33 (2.2%) and 1450 (97.8%) were mongrel and exotic breeds, respectively. 511 (34.5%) were infected with either haemoparasites or rickettsial. This comprised 34.0% (218/641) and 34.8% (293/842) male and female, 317 (32.8%) and 194 (37.6%) young and adult dogs, respectively. There was no significant (p =0.05) difference in the prevalence among sexes and age groups. Seasonal prevalence was 35.88% (315/878) and 32.40% (196/605) in wet and dry seasons, respectively. Six haemoparasites/rickettsials were reported from 511 dogs, these included single infections of Babesia species 477 (93.5%), Ehrlichia species 8 (1.6%), Hepatozoon canis 2(0.39%), Mycoplasma haemocanis 7 (1.4%), Trypanosoma species 16 (3.1%) and mixed infection of Babesia and Hepatozoon canis 1 (0.2%). The mean PCV values were significantly (t = 2.45; P = 0.014) different between infected and non-infected dogs. This study suggests that Babesia spp. isthe most prevalentin the dogs presented to the VTH in the study area and the detection of Trypanosoma spp. in some dogssuggeststhat dogs could be reservoir of trypanosomesfor both animals and human.
Keywords: Dogs, haemoparasites, prevalence, retrospective-study
Status of Eimeria infections of sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi O.O. , Idowu E.T. , Ikenweiwe J.C. , Otubanjo O.A. 
Published: April 2021

Coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria, continues to challenge profitable small ruminant production worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the occurrence of Eimeria and identify the species infecting sheep and goat sold at small ruminant markets in Lagos State. Fresh faeces were collected from 83 sheep and 51 goats. The faecal samples were grossly examined for their consistency and subjected to salt floatation to detect the presence of Eimeria oocysts. Morphometric measurements of oocysts were taken for species identification. The number of oocysts/ml of faeces were estimated using a haemocytometer. Results revealed that 67 (80.7%) sheep and 34 (66.7%) goats were positive for Eimeria. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection between male and female of both animals (P > 0.05). The difference in infection rates between the breeds of sheep were also insignificant (P > 0.05). Goats with diarrheic stool had higher faecal oocyst counts (20400 oocysts/ml) when compared to those with normal stool (5250 oocysts/ml). E. faurei (41%), E. ovinoidalis (36%) and E. intricata (31%) were the most common of the 11 species infecting sheep in this study. Of the 8 species recovered from goats, E. ninakhloyakimovae (51%) and E. alijevi (39%) were the most frequent. The high incidence of pathogenic Eimeria species detected in the study area poses serious economic risks to stakeholders in Lagos State and Nigeria at large. Small ruminant farmers and traders are advised to improve biosecurity and sanitary conditions where livestock are kept.
Keywords: Eimeria parasites; coccidiosis; goats; sheep; small ruminant markets; Nigeria.
How consumption of unwashed fresh vegetables continued to serve as transmission avenues for Intestinal parasites in man
Authors: Ajakaye O.G. , Obimakinde E.T. 
Published: April 2021

The spiking rate of occurrence of food-borne parasitic diseases in developing countries calls for continuous public health surveillance. This study evaluated how consumption of unwashed vegetables serves as transmission routes for parasites. Two hundred vegetables (cabbage, carrot, tomato, cucumber, and green pepper) samples from Ikoko, Oja oba, Eyin Ogbe and Ojomu markets in Owo and Oja-Oba, Shasha, Nepa and Ijomu markets within Akure were examined for parasites using sedimentation techniques from April to July, 2019. Results revealed a cumulative positive prevalence rate of 61.5% for parasites. Cabbage had the highest prevalence of 87.5% and the least prevalence of 30% amongst the carrots. The food-borne protozoa and helminths parasites of different developmental stages (cysts, eggs and larvae) recovered in this study were Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Strongyloides stercorali, Taenia spp., Enterobius vermicularis, Toxocara spp., Vampirolepis nana. The most common parasite was A. lumbricoides(21.3%) while the lowest prevalence rate was observed in Toxocara spp. and Vampirolepis nana(0.5%). It was observed that vegetables sampled from Owo markets appear to be more contaminated with most of the isolated parasites than samples from Akure markets with a significant difference (p>0.05). From the high parasitic load, there is the need for monitoring the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in the study areas as residents in the areas are at risk of contracting intestinal parasitic infections through consumption of raw salad vegetables.
Keywords: Parasite, vegetable, prevalence, Akure, Owo