bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality evaluation of polish honey: On‐line survey, sensory study, and consumer acceptance
Authors: Starowicz Małgorzata , Lamparski Grzegorz , Ostaszyk Anita , Szmatowicz Beata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is the evaluation of the sensory attributes of most‐favorable honey types to select honey with the best sensorial overall and the highest consumer acceptance. The on‐line questionnaire revealed that the group of 515 Polish citizens mostly consumed multiflorous (38.4% of respondents), linden (30.2%), and buckwheat (11.4%) honey. The material was multiflorous, linden and buckwheat honey, in total nine samples, purchased from Polish beekeepers. In the next step, the sensory panel determined sweet and honey‐like aromas as the characteristic descriptors. Acid, pungent, and bitter tastes appeared in the evaluation; however, they did not negatively affect the overall assessment. Honey differed significantly in density, from liquid multiflorous and linden honey to very thick buckwheat honey. Then, the highest overall note was achieved for one representative of each honey type: multiflorous‐1 (8.3 au.), linden‐2 (8.8 au.), and buckwheat‐1 (7.9 au.). Furthermore, from 102 consumers, the biggest group noted their high acceptance for linden, second for buckwheat honey. The results obtained suggested that linden and buckwheat honey can be successfully used in the novel food development based on these honey types.Practical ApplicationsThe findings of this study can be applied by honey producers, suppliers, and customers to differentiated and determine type of honeys according to their characteristic's sensorial attributes. Moreover, it could help to manufacture a new innovative product based on different honey types. In this case sensory is proposed as an additional but also useful tool that can prove pollen domination in honey samples and eliminate by easy way adulteration of honeys.
Pathotype profiling, distribution and virulence analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial blight disease of rice in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md. Mamunur , Nihad Sheikh Arafat Islam , Khan Mohammad Ashik Iqbal , Haque Ahsanul , Ara Anjuman , Ferdous Tasnia , Hasan Md. Al‐Imran , Latif Mohammad Abdul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a serious threat to rice production in the world. Identification of Xoo races pattern, distribution and deployment of race‐specific resistant genes is a sustainable strategy to develop bacterial blight resistant varieties. In this study, a total of 118 isolates of Xoo were collected from 8 rice‐growing regions of Bangladesh to identify the existing pathotypes of Xoo. All tested isolates were virulent on the susceptible rice varieties viz. IR24, Purbachi and BR11. The tested isolates were evaluated on 13 near‐isogenic lines of rice and each line consisted of a single bacterial blight resistant gene viz Xa1, Xa2, Xa3, Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa8, Xa10, Xa11, xa13, Xa14, Xa21 and Xa23. Based on reaction patterns of 118 isolates of Xoo on near‐isogenic lines, 12 pathotypes/races were first time identified in Bangladesh. Race 1, Race 2 and Race 3 were predominantly distributed in the most of the areas of Bangladesh and considered as major races containing the maximum number of isolates (48%, 14% and 11% respectively). Among these, Race 1 was the most prevalent and widely distributed while Race 5 was the most virulent circumventing all of the resistance genes tested. Race 1 was recorded from six rice‐growing regions of Bangladesh. Host plant R‐genes xa5, xa8, xa13, Xa21 and Xa23 have been found as effective against bacterial blight based upon resistance frequencies and the reactions of near‐isogenic lines and pyramid lines. The bacterial blight resistant gene Xa21 showed a resistant reaction against 11 of 12 races (i.e. 94.91% of the isolates tested). Effective genes and information of races generated from this study could be deployed for the development of race‐specific bacterial blight resistant varieties in Bangladesh.
The crosstalk network of XIST/miR‐424‐5p/OGT mediates RAF1 glycosylation and participates in the progression of liver cancer
Authors: Ning Deng , Chen Jin , Du Pengcheng , Liu Qiumeng , Cheng Qi , Li Xue , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping , Jiang Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiver cancer is a major public health concern, but the mechanistic actions of biomarkers contributing to liver cancer remain to be determined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory cascade of microRNA‐424‐5p (miR‐424‐5p), X‐inactive‐specific transcript (XIST) and O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in liver cancer.MethodsDifferentially expressed miRNAs and target genes related to liver cancer were predicted by bioinformatics analyses, and their expression was determined in liver tissues of patients with liver cancer and liver cancer cells. The RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull‐down and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to examine the binding affinity among XIST and miR‐424‐5p and OGT. Then, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of the XIST/miR‐424‐5p/OGT axis on malignant phenotypes. A nude mouse model of liver cancer was further established for in vivo substantiation.ResultsXIST and OGT were up‐regulated in liver cancer tissues and cells, responsible for poor prognosis in patients with liver cancer, while miR‐424‐5p was down‐regulated. XIST competitively bound to miR‐424‐5p to increase OGT expression. XIST silencing inhibited malignant phenotypes of liver cancer cells, while miR‐424‐5p down‐regulation negated its effect. miR‐424‐5p suppressed RAF1 glycosylation by negatively regulating OGT expression and promoted its ubiquitination/degradation. Furthermore, XIST knockdown inhibited tumour growth and metastasis in nude mice, while ectopic OGT reversed its effect.ConclusionThese results reveal a novel mechanism by which the interaction of XIST/miR‐424‐5p/OGT participates in the malignancy and metastasis of liver cancer.
Titanium implant alters the effect of zoledronic acid on the behaviour of endothelial cells
Authors: Yu Yi , Liang Chaoan , Xu Ruogu , Wang Tianlu , Deng Feilong , Yu Xiaolin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attached to different surfaces.Materials and MethodsA total of three groups were evaluated in this study: sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) + HUVECs; mechanically polished (MP) + HUVECs; and plastic cell culture plates + HUVECs. Scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, surface roughness and water contact angle were tested for titanium surface characterisation. ZA was added at different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 μM). Cell adhesion, proliferation, viability, apoptosis and gene expression were evaluated.ResultsMechanically polished and SLA surfaces showed negative effects on cell adhesion and proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis with 100 μM ZA (p < .05). The highest expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and angiopoietin‐1 was found on SLA surfaces (p < .01). The lowest expression of platelet‐endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 and ICAM‐1 was found on MP surfaces (p < .05). A significant decrease in von Willebrand factor was detected on MP and SLA surfaces (p < .001).ConclusionsZoledronic acid has an anti‐angiogenic effect on HUVECs attached to titanium implants, while the SLA surface might stimulate HUVECs to express angiogenic and adhesive factor genes despite ZA treatment.
High school female basketball athletes exhibit decreased knee‐specific choice visual‐motor reaction time
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Schilaty Nathan D. , Bates Nathaniel A. , Bies Nicholas J. , McPherson April L. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: April 2021

Weaker hamstrings muscular forces and lower ratio of the hamstrings/quadriceps muscular forces in female athletes have been identified as modifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. However, sex differences in athletes’ ability to react to visual cues (Choice Visual‐Motor Reaction Time: VMRT) and to generate knee muscular forces (rate of force development: RFD) immediately following the visual cues were largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine sex differences in Choice VMRT and RFD. A total of 50 high school basketball athletes (26F/24 M) participated in the study. Subjects sat in the knee dynamometer chair with their knee secured at 70° of knee flexion and performed knee extension or flexion maximum voluntary isometric contractions immediately after they saw the visual cue: “UP” or “DOWN” arrows, respectively. Choice VMRT was defined as the time between the visual cue and the initiation of muscular force development (>5Newtons). RFD was calculated by dividing the changes in forces over the changes in time at four time points (0–50/100/150/200 ms). Peak muscular forces and RFD were normalized to their body mass. Average of three trials in each direction (flexion and extension) in each leg was used for statistical analyses. Females had significantly slower Choice VMRT (p < 0.001–0.027) and lower knee extension RFD at 100 ms (p = 0.005). In addition, females had significantly higher knee flexion/extension ratio than males in late RFD (150 ms and 200 ms) (p < 0.004). The current study has provided additional sensorimotor characteristics of athletes and sexes in addition to their knee muscular characteristics.
Part-Load Strategy Definition and Preliminary Annual Simulation for Small Size sCO2-Based Pulverized Coal Power Plant
Authors: Alfani Dario , Astolfi Marco , Binotti Marco , Silva Paolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the near future, due to the growing share of variable renewable energy in the electricity mix and the lack of large-scale electricity storage, coal plants will have to shift their role from base-load operation to providing fluctuating back-up power. However, current coal power plants, based on steam Rankine cycle, are not optimized for flexible part-load operation, resulting in an intrinsic inadequacy for fast load variations. The founding idea of the H2020 sCO2-Flex project is to improve the flexibility of pulverized coal power plants by adopting supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycles. Despite the extensive literature about the design of sCO2 plants, there is still limited discussion about the strategies to be implemented to maximize system efficiency during part-load operation. This paper aims to provide deeper insight about the potential of sCO2 power plants based on recompressed cycle with high-temperature recuperator (HTR) bypass configuration for small modular coal power plants (25 MWel). Analysis focuses on both design and part-load operation providing a preliminary sizing of each component and comparing different operating strategies. Results demonstrate that sCO2 coal power plants can achieve competitive efficiency in both nominal and part-load operation thanks to the progressive increase of heat exchangers effectiveness. Moreover, they can be operated down to 20% electric load increasing power range of coal plants. Finally, the possibility to optimize the cycle minimum pressure ensures a safe operation of the compressor far from the surge line and to increase the performance at low load.
Amplitude–Frequency Characteristics During the Volume-Pulsatile Packing Process
Authors: Qin Sen , Zhang Huan-huan , Jiang Hao-wei , Xu Wen-hua , Qu Jin-ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To obtain high-quality plastic products, an industrial volume-pulsatile injection-molding (VPIM) machine is developed to achieve high screw displacement amplitude. However, it is difficult for engineers to optimize vibration parameters and improve equipment due to lack of a comprehensive understanding of the coupling correlation between amplitude and frequency, which seriously hinders the development of VPIM technology and machine. To address the challenge, this paper investigates the amplitude–frequency characteristics during the volume-pulsatile packing process. According to the working principle of this machine, the dynamics model of injection screw is established and equivalent to a mass-spring-damper system. Based on the dynamics equivalent model, we deduce the forced vibration response of screw displacement, and the vibration responses of screw displacement and oil pressure under the hydraulic system. An oil pressure control model is proposed and numerically solved. Experimental and theoretical results reveal the effects of material properties, machine components, and control system on the amplitude–frequency characteristics during the volume-pulsatile packing process. For injection-molding grade materials, the reductions in oil pressure amplitude and screw displacement amplitude are attributed to the inertial delay of the hydraulic system in this paper, rather than the viscous resistance of materials in the previous perception. The response speed of the servo control system to pressure should be improved to enhance oil pressure amplitude and screw displacement amplitude. This paper enriches the basic theories of polymer vibration processing and points out the direction of equipment improvement.
Nanoclay Suspension-Enabled Extrusion Bioprinting of Three-Dimensional Soft Structures
Authors: Jin Yifei , Xiong Ruitong , Antonelli Patrick J. , Long Christopher J. , McAleer Christopher W. , Hickman James J. , Huang Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion printing of cellular/acellular structures with biocompatible materials has been widely investigated in recent years. However, the requirement of a suitable solidification rate of printable ink materials constrains the utilization of extrusion-based 3D printing techniques. In this study, the nanoclay yield-stress suspension-enabled extrusion-based 3D printing system has been investigated and demonstrated to overcome solidification rate constraints during printing. Utilizing the liquid–solid transition property of nanoclay suspension, two fabrication approaches, including nanoclay support bath-enabled printing and nanoclay-enabled direct printing, have been proposed. For the former approach, nanoclay (Laponite® EP) has been used as a support bath material to fabricate alginate-based tympanic membrane patches. The constituents of alginate-based ink have been investigated to have the desired mechanical property of alginate-based tympanic membrane patches and facilitate the printing process. For the latter approach, nanoclay (Laponite® XLG) has been used as an internal scaffold material to help print poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)-based neural chambers, which can be further cross-linked in air. Mechanical stress analysis has been performed to explore the geometric limitation of printable Laponite® XLG-PEGDA neural chambers.
A Novel Expulsion Control Strategy With Abnormal Condition Adaptability for Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Shen Yan , Xia Yu-Jun , Li Huan , Zhou Lang , Li Yong-Bing , Pan Hai-Tao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Welding expulsion is a common problem in the resistance spot welding (RSW) process, which severely impacts weld quality and surrounding facilities. Existing expulsion control strategies are ineffective for complex and changeable welding conditions. This article studied the growth relationship between weld nugget and corona bond under two abnormal conditions: edge proximity (EP) and initial sheet gaps (IG). It is testified that expulsion would occur when the nugget size exceeds the corona bond size under EP and IG conditions. Reducing the welding current before the expulsion time can increase the size difference between the corona bond and the weld nugget, thereby delay and even eliminate the occurrence of expulsion. In this way, a novel online expulsion control strategy, named short-time current regulation (STCR), is proposed through the expulsion moment analysis of historical weld data. The effect of the new control strategy is verified with workpieces ranging from low carbon steel to ultra-high strength steel. Experimental results showed that STCR can effectively reduce the amount of expelled metal, decrease the indentation depth, and increase the nugget diameter. The method not only works well under one specific abnormal condition but also adapts to the transition between different welding conditions. This novel expulsion control strategy can help achieve the expulsion-free RSW process in mass production without frequent manual offline optimization of welding parameters.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Parameter Estimation for Nonzero Slip Models of Wheeled Mobile Robots: A Skid-Steer Case Study
Authors: Yandun Francisco , Torres-Torriti Miguel , Auat Cheein Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An accurate modeling, simulation, and estimation of the wheel-terrain interaction and its effects on a robot movement plays a key role in control and navigation tasks, specially in constantly changing environments. We study the calibration of wheel slip models using Particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods to approximate the posterior distributions of their parameters. In contrast to classic identification approaches, considering the parameters as random variables allows to obtain a probability measure of the parameter estimations and subsequently propagate their uncertainty to wheel slip-related variables. Extensive simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed methodology can effectively get reliable posterior approximations from noisy sensor measurements in changing terrains. Validation tests also include the applicability assessment of the proposed methodology by comparing it with the integrated prediction error minimization methodology. Field results presented up to 66% of improvement in the robot motion prediction with the proposed calibration approach.
Numerical Investigation of Simultaneous Effects of Nanofluid Flow and Porous Baffle on Thermal Energy Transfer and Flow Features in a Circular Channel
Authors: Namadchian Hossein , Sodagar-Abardeh Javad , Arabkoohsar Ahmad , Ismail Kamal Abdel Radi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present work, the forced-convection heat transfer features of different nanofluids in a circular channel with porous baffles are numerically investigated. Nanofluid flow in the porous area is simulated by the simultaneous use of Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer and two-phase mixture models. The flow is considered to be laminar, two-dimensional, steady, axially symmetric, and incompressible. The simulations are conducted in fluent software and by using the finite volume method and SIMPLE algorithm. The influences of various parameters, including Reynolds number, volume fractions of nanoparticles, Darcy number, porous region height, and various nanofluid types on the nanofluid flows and their thermal energy transfer features, are investigated. Results show that porous blocks significantly change the flow characteristics and thermal energy transfer features. For instance, at low Darcy numbers, the permeability of the porous region decreases, and the porous baffles have greater resistance against the nanofluid flow. As a result, the vortex area becomes stronger and taller, and streamlines near obstacles are tighter. However, in high Darcy numbers, due to the high permeability of the porous medium, the flow will be the same as the flow in the channel without barriers, and the porous baffles will not have much influence on the flow. For example, at Darcy number Da = 10−4 the vortex area almost disappears. The growth of conductivity ratio increases the local Nu in the vicinity of the barriers. Properties of the porous medium and nanofluid flow affect the thermal energy transfer rate, and it can be improved by making appropriate changes to these features.
The Nature of Constraints and Their Effect on Quality and Satisficing
Authors: Stauffer L. A. , Slaughterbeck-Hyde R. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A taxonomy of constraints is presented based on design considerations, source, context, strength, and use. The taxonomy is developed from observations of two sets of real-time protocol data of mechanical designers, along with the work of other researchers. The taxonomy begins to explain the nature of constraints. A hypothesis of how introduced constraints affect design quality is also presented. Finally, a more specific definition of satisficing is developed based on an experiment demonstrating constraint satisfaction.
FDDL: A Feature Based Design Description Language
Authors: Gu P. H. , ElMaraghy H. A. , Hamid L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a new high-level design language called Feature based Design Description Language — FDDL. The traditional and computer-aided design and manufacturing procedures were analyzed and the important gaps between CAD and CAM have been identified. These include the lack of uniform representation of parts and products, and lack of effective links between CAD and CAM. The FDDL is proposed and designed in association with a feature representation scheme as a means of integrating design and manufacturing tasks planning. Its syntax, semantics and vocabulary have been defined taking into consideration ease of use, compatibility with engineering terminology and ease of computer implementation. The FDDL system consists of a number of lexical analyzers, a parser and three code generators. Once the products or parts modeled using FDDL or the feature based modeler are processed by the FDDL system, syntax error free input files are created for use by manufacturing task planning systems. The FDDL has been applied to a feature based cellular manufacturing planning system, an expert automated CMM inspection task planner, and a mechanical assembly sequence planner.
Extending the Iterative Redesign Model to Configuration Design: Sheet Metal Brackets As an Example
Authors: Welch R. V. , Dixon J. R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An iterative redesign model has been proven effective at the parametric level of design; that is, at the point in the design process where the attributes of the design are known and their numerical values are varied to produce an acceptable design. In this paper an extended iterative redesign model is proposed for use at the configuration level of design; that is, at the point in the design process where the attributes themselves, not their values, are being determined. The proposed model is demonstrated in a working computer system for the automated configuration design of a limited set of sheet metal brackets for simple structural joints.
On the Integration of Parametric Polynominal Surface Representations Into CSG Based Solid Modelling
Authors: Saia A. , Bloor M. S. , de Pennington A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The integration of sculptured surface and solid modelling techniques across a common geometric domain continues as an active source of research and development in computer aided geometric design. Although much progress has been made, fundamental difficulties remain due to the differing approaches to shape representation and subsequent evaluation found in the two modelling paradigms.
The first part of the paper reviews some of the issues arising when addressing the integration of existing sculptured surface representations into a Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) based solid modeller. The second part describes work at Leeds which proposes the use of a new evaluation technique known as ISOS (Inner Set Outer Set) for CSG defined objects which incorporate both quadric and B-spline surface geometry.