bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of Extended Paramedian Forehead Flap and Laser Hair Removal in the Reconstruction of Distal Nasal Defect
Authors: Ding Feixue , Huang Cheng , Sun Di , Zhu Zhu , Yang Jun , Jin Rui , Luo Xusong 
Published: March 2021

Aim
The study sought to determine whether extended forehead flap by using part of the scalp combined with laser hair removal is a practical approach when repairing distal nasal defect.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted with 6 patients who underwent reconstruction of nasal defects with extended forehead flaps (including scalp combined with subsequent laser hair removal) at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between June 2016 and December 2018. Surgical data collected included age, causes of defects, sizes of defects, invaded nasal subunits, implantation of tissue expander, time elapsed between the formation of defects and surgical treatments, sessions of laser hair removal, and follow-up results. All patients had nasal defects after removal of a benign nevus (diameter, >1.5 cm), which invaded distal nasal subunits (including the nasal tip, soft triangle, columella, and nasal ala) and could not be repaired using adjacent tissue. Preoperative and postoperative assessments of esthetic outcomes were analyzed, including skin color and texture match, appearance deformity, and scar appearance.

Results
All 6 female patients (ages 4 to 24 years) accepted the extended forehead flap technique and subsequent laser hair removal treatments. Among the 6 patients, 2 had nasal tip defects, 1 had a columella nasi defect, one had an alar defect, and 2 had multiunit defects. All transferred forehead flaps survived with no necrosis and underwent 2 to 5 subsequent laser hair removal treatments. The color and texture of the transferred flaps was similar to the adjacent skin in all patients. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome of the reconstructed nose with no obvious scarring during follow-up.

Conclusions
Extending the forehead flap using the scalp is a practical and safe approach for the repair of large and distal nasal defects. Subsequent laser hair removal can eliminate the hair follicles of the scalp and improve the appearance and color of the flap.
A Comparison of Cell-Based and Cell-Cultured as Appropriate Common or Usual Names to Label Products Made from the Cells of Fish
Authors: Hallman William K. , Hallman William K. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTUsing an online experiment with a nationally representative sample of 1200 adult American consumers, two “common or usual names,” “Cell-Based Seafood” and “Cell-Cultured Seafood,” were assessed using five criteria. Displayed on packages of frozen Atlantic Salmon, the names were evaluated on their ability to differentiate the novel products from conventionally-produced fish, to identify their potential allergenicity, and after learning its meaning, to be seen by participants as an appropriate term for describing the process for creating the product. In addition, the names were evaluated as to whether they would be interpreted as disparaging of new or existing products, and whether they elicited reactions contrary to the assertion that the products are nutritious, healthy and safe. The results confirmed earlier research showing that “Cell-Based Seafood” slightly outperformed “Cell-Cultured Seafood” as a common or usual name. Labeling products with the term “Cell-Based Seafood” meets important regulatory criteria by enabling consumers to distinguish such products from conventional seafood products, and by indicating the presence of allergens. From a marketing perspective, “Cell-Based” is also viewed as an appropriate term for describing the process for producing the products, meeting the criteria for transparency. Consumers also had more positive reactions to “Cell-Based Seafood” and were slightly more inclined to want to taste and purchase “Cell-Based” products both before and after learning the meaning of “Cell-Based” and “Cell-Cultured.” Therefore, “Cell-Based Seafood” should be adopted as the best common or usual name to label cell-based seafood products.Practical ApplicationWidespread adoption and consistent use of a single “common or usual name” for “Cell-Based” seafood, meat, poultry and other products by the food industry, regulators, journalists, marketers, environmental, consumer, and animal rights advocates, and other key stakeholders would help shape public perceptions and understanding of this rapidly advancing technology and its products. This study confirms that “Cell-Based Seafood” is the best performing term to label seafood products made from the cells of fish. It meets relevant FDA regulatory requirements and slightly outperforms “Cell-Cultured Seafood” with regard to positive consumer perceptions, interest in tasting and likelihood of purchasing these novel products.
Trends in Thoracic Impedance and Arrhythmia Burden Among Patients with Implanted Cardiac Defibrillators During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lu Yuan , Murugiah Karthik , Jones Paul W , Caraballo César , Mahajan Shiwani , Massey Daisy S , Ahmed Rezwan , Bader Eric M , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHospitalizations for acute cardiac conditions have markedly declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet the cause of this decline is not clear. Using remote monitoring data of 4,029 patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) living in New York City and Minneapolis/Saint Paul, we assessed changes in markers of cardiac status among these patients and compared thoracic impedance and arrhythmia burden in 2019 and 2020 from January through August. We found no change in several key disease decompensation markers among patients with implanted ICD devices during the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that the decrease in cardiovascular hospitalizations in this period is not reflective of a true population-level improvement in cardiovascular health.
COVID-19 Related Chemosensory Changes in Individuals with Self-Reported Obesity
Authors: Bhutani Surabhi , Coppin Géraldine , Veldhuizen Maria Geraldine , Parma Valentina , Joseph Paule Valery 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/objectivesIndividuals with obesity show alterations in smell and taste abilities. Smell and taste loss are also the most prominent neurological symptoms of COVID-19, yet how chemosensory ability present in individuals with obesity with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis is unknown.Subjects/MethodsIn this secondary analysis of a cross-sectional global dataset, we compared self-reported chemosensory ability in participants with a respiratory illness reporting a positive (C19+; n = 5156) or a negative (C19−; n = 659) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome, who also self-reported to be obese (C19+; n = 433, C19−; n = 86) or non-obese.ResultsCompared to the C19− group, C19+ exhibited a greater decline in smell, taste, and chemesthesis during illness, though these symptoms did not differ between participants with obesity and without obesity. In 68% of participants who reported recovery from respiratory illness symptoms (n=3431 C19+ and n= 539 C19−), post-recovery chemosensory perception did not differ in C19+ and C19− diagnosis, and by self-reported obesity. Finally, we found that all chemosensory and other symptoms combined predicted the C19+ diagnosis in participants with obesity with a moderately good estimate (63% accuracy). However, in C19+ participants with obesity, we observed a greater relative prevalence of non-chemosensory symptoms, including respiratory as respiratory and GI symptoms.ConclusionsWe conclude that despite a presumed lower sensitivity to chemosensory stimuli, COVID-19 respondents with obesity experience a similar self-reported chemosensory loss as those without obesity, and in both groups self-reported chemosensory symptoms are similarly predictive of COVID-19.
Registration, Publication, and Outcome Reporting among Pivotal Clinical Trials that Supported FDA Approval of High-Risk Medical Devices Before and After FDAAA
Authors: Swanson Matthew J. , Johnston James L. , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSelective registration, publication, and outcome reporting of clinical trials distorts the primary clinical evidence that is available to patients and clinicians regarding the safety and efficacy of FDA-approved medical devices. The purpose of this study is to compare registration, publication, and outcome reporting among pivotal clinical trials that supported FDA approval of high-risk (Class III) medical devices before and after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Amendment Act (FDAAA) was enacted in 2007.MethodsUsing publicly available data from ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA summaries, and PubMed, we determined registration, publication, and reporting of findings for all pivotal clinical studies supporting FDA approval of new high-risk cardiovascular devices between 2005 and 2020, before and after FDAAA. For published studies, we compared both the primary efficacy outcome with the PMA primary efficacy outcome and the published interpretation of findings with the FDA reviewer’s interpretation (positive, equivocal, or negative).ResultsBetween 2005 and 2020, the FDA approved 156 high-risk cardiovascular devices on the basis of 165 pivotal trials, 48 (29%) of which were categorized as pre-FDAAA and 117 (71%) as post-FDAAA. Post-FDAAA, pivotal clinical trials were more likely to be registered (115 of 117 (98%) vs 24 of 48 (50%); p < 0.001), to report results (98 of 115 (85%) vs 7 of 24 (29%); p < 0.001) on ClinicalTrials.gov, and to be published (100 or 117 (85%) vs 28 of 48 (58%); p < 0.001) in peer-reviewed literature when compared to pre-FDAAA. Among published trials, rates of concordant primary efficacy outcome reporting were not significantly different between pre-FDAAA trials and post-FDAAA trials (24 of 28 (86%) vs 96 of 100 (96%); p = 0.07), nor were rates of concordant trial interpretation (27 of 28 (96%) vs 93 of 100 (93%); p = 0.44).ConclusionsFDAAA was associated with increased registration, results reporting, and publication for trials supporting FDA approval of high-risk medical devices. Among published trials, rates of accurate primary efficacy outcome reporting and trial interpretation were high and no different post-FDAAA.
Benchmarking saliency methods for chest X-ray interpretation
Authors: Saporta Adriel , Gui Xiaotong , Agrawal Ashwin , Pareek Anuj , Truong Steven QH , Nguyen Chanh DT , Ngo Van-Doan , Seekins Jayne , Blankenberg Francis G. , Ng Andrew Y. , Lungren Matthew P. , Rajpurkar Pranav 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSaliency methods, which “explain” deep neural networks by producing heat maps that highlight the areas of the medical image that influence model prediction, are often presented to clinicians as an aid in diagnostic decision-making. Although many saliency methods have been proposed for medical imaging interpretation, rigorous investigation of the accuracy and reliability of these strategies is necessary before they are integrated into the clinical setting. In this work, we quantitatively evaluate seven saliency methods—including Grad-CAM, Grad-CAM++, and Integrated Gradients—across multiple neural network architectures using two evaluation metrics. We establish the first human benchmark for chest X-ray segmentation in a multilabel classification set up, and examine under what clinical conditions saliency maps might be more prone to failure in localizing important pathologies compared to a human expert benchmark. We find that (i) while Grad-CAM generally localized pathologies better than the other evaluated saliency methods, all seven performed significantly worse compared with the human benchmark; (ii) the gap in localization performance between Grad-CAM and the human benchmark was largest for pathologies that were smaller in size and had shapes that were more complex; (iii) model confidence was positively correlated with Grad-CAM localization performance. While it is difficult to know whether poor localization performance is attributable to the model or to the saliency method, our work demonstrates that several important limitations of saliency methods must be addressed before we can rely on them for deep learning explainability in medical imaging.
Structural O-Glycoform Heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Revealed by Native Top-Down Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Roberts David S. , Mann Morgan W. , Melby Jake A. , Larson Eli J. , Zhu Yanlong , Brasier Allan R. , Jin Song , Ge Ying 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes an extensively glycosylated surface spike (S) protein to mediate host cell entry and the S protein glycosylation is strongly implicated in altering viral binding/function and infectivity. However, the structures and relative abundance of the new O-glycans found on the S protein regional-binding domain (S-RBD) remain cryptic because of the challenges in intact glycoform analysis. Here, we report the complete structural characterization of intact O-glycan proteoforms using native top-down mass spectrometry (MS). By combining trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), which can separate the protein conformers of S-RBD and analyze their gas phase structural variants, with ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS analysis, the O-glycoforms of the S-RBD are comprehensively characterized, so that seven O-glycoforms and their relative molecular abundance are structurally elucidated for the first time. These findings demonstrate that native top-down MS can provide a high-resolution proteoform-resolved mapping of diverse O-glycoforms of the S glycoprotein, which lays a strong molecular foundation to uncover the functional roles of their O-glycans. This proteoform-resolved approach can be applied to reveal the structural O-glycoform heterogeneity of emergent SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD variants, as well as other O-glycoproteins in general.
In vitroscreening of herbal medicinal products for their supportive curing potential in the context of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tran Hoai Thi Thu , Peterburs Philipp , Seibel Jan , Abramov-Sommariva D. , Lamy Evelyn 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHerbal medicinal products have a long-standing history of use in the therapy of common respiratory infections. In the COVID-19 pandemic, they may have the potential for symptom relief in non-severe or moderate disease cases. Here we describe the results derived byin vitroscreening of five herbal medicinal products with regard to their potential to i) interfere with the binding of the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein, ii) modulate the release of the human defensin HBD1 and cathelicidin LL-37 from human A549 lung cells upon Spike S1 protein stimulation and iii) modulate the release of IFN-γ from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The investigated extracts were: Sinupret extract (SINx), Bronchipret thyme-ivy (BRO TE), Bronchipret thyme-primrose (BRO TP), Imupret (IMU), and Tonsipret (TOP).MethodsThe inhibitory effect of the herbal medicinal products on the binding interaction of Spike S1 protein and the human ACE2 receptor was measured by ELISA. The effects on intracellular IFN-γ expression in stimulated human PBMCs were measured by flow cytometry. Regulation on HBD1 and LL-37 expression and secretion was assessed in 25d long-term cultured human lung A549 epithelial cells by RT-PCR and ELISA.ResultsIMU and BRO TE concentration-dependently inhibited the interaction between spike protein and the ACE2 Receptor. However, this effect was only observed in the cell-free assay at a concentration range which was later on determined as cytotoxic to human PBMC. SINx, TOP and BRO TP significantly upregulated the intracellular expression of antiviral IFNγ from stimulated PBMC. Co-treatment of A549 cells with IMU or BRO TP together with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein significantly upregulated mRNA expression (IMU) and release (IMU and BRO TP) of HBD1 and LL-37 (BRO TP).ConclusionsThein vitroscreening results provide first evidence for an immune activating potential of some of the tested herbal medicinal extracts in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Whether these could be helpful in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 invasion or supportive in recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection needs deeper understanding of the observations.
Practical Identifiability in the Frame of Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models: the Example of thein vitroErythropoiesis
Authors: Duchesne Ronan , Guillemin Anissa , Gandrillon Olivier , Crauste Fabien 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNonlinear mixed effects models provide a way to mathematically describe experimental data involving a lot of inter-individual heterogeneity. In order to assess their practical identifiability and estimate confidence intervals for their parameters, most mixed effects modelling programs use the Fisher Information Matrix. However, in complex nonlinear models, this approach can mask practical unidentifiabilities. Herein we rather propose a multistart approach, and use it to simplify our model by reducing the number of its parameters, in order to make it identifiable. Our model describes several cell populations involved in thein vitrodifferentiation of chicken erythroid progenitors grown in the same environment. Inter-individual variability observed in cell population counts is explained by variations of the differentiation and proliferation rates between replicates of the experiment. Alternatively, we test a model with varying initial condition. We conclude by relating experimental variability to precise and identifiable variations between the replicates of the experiment of some model parameters.
Embryonic requirements forTcf12in the development of the mouse coronal suture
Authors: Ting Man-chun , Farmer D’Juan T. , Teng Camilla S. , He Jinzhi , Chai Yang , Crump J. Gage , Maxson Robert E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA major feature of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is coronal craniosynostosis, the fusion of the frontal and parietal bones at the coronal suture. It is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the basic HLH transcription factorsTWIST1andTCF12. While compound heterozygousTcf12; Twist1mice display severe coronal synostosis, the individual role ofTcf12has remained unexplored. Here we show that Tcf12 controls several key processes in calvarial development, including the rate of frontal and parietal bone growth, and the boundary between sutural and osteogenic cells. Genetic analysis supports an embryonic requirement forTcf12in suture formation, as combined deletion ofTcf12in the embryonic neural crest and mesoderm, but not in the postnatal suture mesenchyme, disrupts the coronal suture. We also detect asymmetric distribution of Grem1 + mesenchymal cells on opposing sides of the wild-type frontal and parietal bones, which prefigures later bone overlap at the sutures. InTcf12mutants, reduced asymmetry correlates with lack of bone overlap. Our results indicate a largely embryonic function of Tcf12 in controlling the rate and asymmetrical growth of calvarial bones and establishment of suture boundaries, which together ensure the proper formation of the overlapping coronal suture.
Toward an understanding of BPR perception in the construction industry: the employee attitude toward job enlargement and enrichment in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hadidi Laith , Abzakh Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

PurposeBusiness process reengineering (BPR) is a management improvement tool that entails radical changes to organizations' core processes, culture and legacy systems. Although BPR initiatives are favored by many mangers, employees on the other hand, perceive BPR as a potential threat to lose their jobs. This research aims to enhance the employee perception toward BPR implementation in the construction industry as BPR asks for job enlargement (number of different tasks) and enrichment (degree of responsibility) and doesn’t target the workforce downsizing by itself.Design/methodology/approachThe research is conducted in Saudi Arabia by involving experienced construction industry practitioners in a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to gain an insightful perception toward BPR constituents. BPR asks for job enlargement (number of different tasks) and enrichment (degree of responsibility). The survey questionnaire is verified from the literature related to BPR and pilot study through experienced construction practitioners. The experts validated the findings.FindingsThe findings of this research reveal a general positive acceptance toward BPR constituents in construction industry. Jobs enrichment and enlargement should be approached: by integrating IT with business functions (especially communication); developing flexible management systems; and encouraging and empowering employees to generate value through their jobs with more delegated authority.Originality/valueThe work is one of the few studies to address the concept of Business Process Reengineering in the construction industry. We explore two research questions as detailed in the submission (BPR perception in the construction industry, and how to have a successful BPR by job enlargement and enrichment. The methods can be extended to other industries and in different parts in the world.
Nexus between distributed leadership, teacher academic optimism and teacher organisational commitment: a structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Thien Lei Mee , Adams Donnie , Koh Hai Ming 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between distributed leadership, teacher academic optimism and teacher organisational commitment with the contextual influence of gender and teaching experience.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling for data analysis. This study has selected 421 teachers from 18 secondary schools in Penang.FindingsDistributed leadership has a positive direct effect on teacher academic optimism and organisational commitment. The relationship between distributed leadership and teacher academic optimism was stronger for male teachers and senior teachers who have more than ten years of teaching experience. However, gender and teaching experience have no significant moderating effects on the relationship between distributed leadership and teacher organisational commitment.Research limitations/implicationsThe reason for the non-existent relationship between distributed leadership and teacher organisational commitment across gender and teaching experience remains unknown. In-depth investigation using interview method is required for further exploration.Practical implicationsThis study complements and extends prior research on the relationships between distributed leadership, teacher organisational commitment and teacher academic optimism by providing evidence from Malaysia on how they contribute to the organisational conditions of their school.Originality/valueThis study has its originality in investigating the relationships between distributed leadership, teacher organisational commitment and academic optimism with the contextual influence of gender and teaching experience in the non-western society.