bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Parallely Actuated Work Support Module for Reconfigurable Machining Systems
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Venkat , Kota Sridhar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to respond quickly to changes in market demands and the resulting product design changes, machine tool manufacturers must reduce the machine tool design lead time and machine set-up time. Reconfigurable Machine Tools (RMTs), assembled from machine modules such as spindles, slides and worktables are designed to be easily reconfigured to accommodate new machining requirements. The essential characteristics of RMTs are modularity, flexibility, convertibility and cost effectiveness. The goal of Reconfigurable Machining Systems (RMSs), composed of RMTs and other types of machines, is to provide exactly the capacity and functionality, exactly when needed. The scope of RMSs design includes mechanical hardware, control systems, process planning and tooling.
One of the key challenges in the mechanical design of reconfigurable machine tools is to achieve the desired machining accuracy in all intended machine configurations. To meet this challenge we propose (a) to distribute the total number of degrees of freedom between the work-support and the tool and (b) employ parallely-actuated mechanisms for stiffness and ease of reconfigurability. In this paper we present a novel parallely-actuated work-support module as a part of an RMT. Following a brief summary of a few parallel mechanisms used in machine tool applications, this paper presents a three-degree-of-freedom work-support module designed to meet the machining requirements of specific features on a family of automotive cylinder heads. Inverse kinematics, dynamic and finite element analysis are performed to verify the performance criteria such as workspace envelope and rigidity. A prototype of the proposed module is also presented.
Partial Contact Force Controllability in Active Wheeled Vehicles
Authors: Choi B. J. , Sreenivasan S. V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a geometric approach for solving the force distribution problem in active wheeled vehicles (AWVs) moving on even and uneven surfaces. In general, AWVs do not possess omni-directional mobility and they do not have sufficient actuators to directly control all the components of the wheel-ground contact forces. This situation requires the separation of the contact force vectors into active and passive components. An optimal contact force allocation algorithm can then be developed for these systems. The concepts introduced in this article are demonstrated via simple planar examples and by using an active off-road vehicle with slip-free motion capability. Off-road kinematic/static simulations of AWVs and force controlled legged vehicles (FCLVs) are presented and a comparison of these results provides interesting insight into partial force controllability characteristics of AWVs.
Calculation of Wobble From Lead Inspection Data of Gear Teeth With Modifications
Authors: Su Xiaogen , Houser Donald R. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of the reference misalignment including eccentricity and wobble on profile and lead inspection traces is discussed. The relative slopes of the lead traces induced by wobble are used to calculate the magnitude of the wobble. The deviation caused by the wobble is removed from the lead inspection results. This method is theoretically ‘exact’ for spur gears and is approximate for helical gears. Real measurement examples show this method produces a good result with a spur gear and a satisfactory result with a helical gear.
Pitting Life of Ground, Carburized and Hardened Gears With Uncontrolled Heat Treat Distortion
Authors: Rakhit A. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Carburized and hardened gears are generally ground to improve the quality of distorted tooth geometry caused by heat treatment. As long as the distortion is low and predictable, stock removal from teeth is small up to a maximum of 0.005 inch from each flank. This allows minimum tooth surface hardness reduction with no deterioration of these gears. Uncontrolled distortion, on the other hand, may result in an undue amount of stock removal with a significant loss of tooth surface hardness. Lower surface hardness reduces gear life due to tooth pitting. For heavily distorted gears, the pitting life may be reduced as much as 30% after grinding. For a realistic evaluation of the pitting life of ground, carburized gears with uncontrolled distortion, derating factors are established for a number of gear materials.
Depression, anxiety and stress among patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: Australian national survey
Authors: Cheema Madiha , Mitrev Nikola , Hall Leanne , Tiongson Maria , Ahlenstiel Golo , Kariyawasam Viraj 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the mental health of individuals, particularly those with chronic illnesses. We aimed to quantify stress, anxiety and depression among individuals with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia during the pandemic.MethodsAn electronic survey was made available to IBD patients Australia-wide from 17 June to 12 July 2020. Respondents with an underlying diagnosis of IBD and over 18 years of age were included. A validated questionnaire (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score-21, DASS21) was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress. Data on potential predictors of depression, anxiety and stress were collected.Results352 participated in the survey across Australia. 60.5% of respondents fulfilled DASS criteria for at least moderate depression, anxiety or stress. 45% reported a pre-existing diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Over 2/3 of these respondents reported worsening of their pre-existing depression/anxiety due to the current pandemic. Of those without a pre-existing diagnosis of anxiety or depression, high rates of at least moderate to severe depression (34.9%), anxiety (32.0%) and stress (29.7%) were noted. Younger age (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98, p<0.001), lack of access to an IBD nurse (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.19, p=0.04) and lack of education on reducing infection risk (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.50, p=0.017) were associated with significant stress, anxiety and/or depression.ConclusionHigh prevalence of undiagnosed depression, anxiety and stress was identified among respondents. Improved access to IBD nurse support and greater attention to education are modifiable factors that may reduce depression, anxiety and/or stress among patients with IBD during the pandemic.
Weight loss with exercise improves muscle architecture and progenitor cell populations compared to weight loss alone in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions
Authors: Roubos Sophia , D’Souza Donna , Hernández-Saavedra Diego , Xu Guanying , Collao Nicolas , Emmons Russell , Larkin Jillian , Lloyd Jessica , Vanhie James J. , Pan Yuan-Xiang , Chen Hong , De Lisio Michael 
Published: February 2021

Weight loss and exercise reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in persons with obesity. Whether weight loss and exercise effect myofibre characteristics and muscle stem/progenitor cell populations in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions, a model of CRC risk, is unknown. To address this gap, male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity or a control (CON) diet prior to azoxymethane injection to induce preneoplastic colorectal lesions. The HFD group was then randomized to weight loss conditions that included (1) switching to the CON diet only (HFD-SED) or switching to the CON diet with treadmill exercise training (HFD-EX). Average myofibre cross-sectional area was not different between groups. There were more smaller-sized fibers in HFD-EX (p<0.05 vs. CON), and more fibrosis in HFD-SED (p<0.05 vs. HFD-EX and CON). There was a trend for more committed (Pax7+MyoD+) myoblasts (p=0.059) and more fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in HFD-EX (p<0.05 vs. CON). Additionally, the canonical pro-inflammatory marker p-NF-κB, was markedly reduced in the insterstitium of HFD-EX (p<0.05 vs. CON and HFD-SED). Our findings suggest that in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions, HFD followed by weight loss with exercise, reduces muscle fibrosis and results in a higher content of muscle stem/progenitor cells. Novelty Bullets: • Exercise improves muscle architecture in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesion • Exercise increases fibro/adipogenic progenitors and reduces inflammatory signaling in mice with preneoplastic colorectal lesions
Striking muscle adaptations induced by volume-dependent repeated bouts of low-intensity eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors
Authors: Chen Trevor C. , Tseng Wei-Chin , Chen Hsin-Lian , Tseng Kuo-Wei , Chou Tai-Ying , Huang Yuh-Chuan , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: February 2021

We investigated the effects of repeating 30 low-intensity eccentric contractions with a dumbbell corresponding to 10% maximal isometric strength (10%EC) on muscle strength and hypertrophy, and muscle damage after 30 maximal eccentric contractions (MaxEC) of the elbow flexors. Young men were placed into 1 of 3 experimental groups that performed 10%EC either once, twice a week for 4 (8 bouts) or 8 weeks (16 bouts) before MaxEC, or a control group that performed 2 bouts of MaxEC separated by 2 weeks (n = 13/group). Repeating 16 bouts of 10%EC increased (P < 0.05) maximal voluntary contraction strength (30 ± 21%) and muscle thickness (4.2 ± 2.3%) greater than 8 bouts (16 ± 4%, 1.9 ± 1.3%). Changes in the muscle damage markers after MaxEC were smaller (P < 0.05) for the experimental groups than the control group, and the magnitude of muscle damage protection was greater (P < 0.05) after 16 bouts (65 ± 30%) than 8 bouts (55 ± 33%), followed by 1 bout (34 ± 27%). The protection by 16 bouts was similar (P = 0.81) to that shown by the second MaxEC of the control group. These results showed that 10%EC produced potent muscle adaptation effects accumulatively and conferred muscle damage protection, but 1 bout of 10%EC was still effective for conferring approximately 20% of the protection of that by 16 bouts. Novelty: Repeating low-intensity eccentric exercise induces large increases in muscle strength and hypertrophy. Low-intensity eccentric exercise protects muscle damage induced by maximal eccentric contractions, and the protection is reinforced by repeating it. These are especially beneficial for individuals who are frail and cannot tolerate high-intensity resistance training.
Targeting PIM1-Mediated Metabolism in Myeloid Suppressor Cells to Treat Cancer
Authors: Xin Gang , Chen Yao , Topchyan Paytsar , Kasmani Moujtaba Y. , Burns Robert , Volberding Peter J. , Wu Xiaopeng , Cohn Alexandra , Chen Yiliang , Lin Chien-Wei , Ho Ping-Chih , Silverstein Roy , Dwinell Michael B. , Cui Weiguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
There is a strong correlation between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), but the detailed mechanisms underlying this correlation are largely unknown. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in a bilateral tumor model, we found that immunosuppressive myeloid cells with characteristics of fatty acid oxidative metabolism dominate the immune-cell landscape in ICB-resistant subjects. In addition, we uncovered a previously underappreciated role of a serine/threonine kinase, PIM1, in regulating lipid oxidative metabolism via PPARγ-mediated activities. Enforced PPARγ expression sufficiently rescued metabolic and functional defects of Pim1−/− MDSCs. Consistent with this, pharmacologic inhibition of PIM kinase by AZD1208 treatment significantly disrupted the myeloid cell–mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment and unleashed CD8+ T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity, which enhanced PD-L1 blockade in preclinical cancer models. PIM kinase inhibition also sensitized nonresponders to PD-L1 blockade by selectively targeting suppressive myeloid cells. Overall, we have identified PIM1 as a metabolic modulator in MDSCs that is associated with ICB resistance and can be therapeutically targeted to overcome ICB resistance.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЩОДО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦІЇ ЧОРНИЦІ ПАГОНІВ ЗА ВМІСТОМ ГІДРОКСИКОРИЧНИХ КИСЛОТ
Authors: Vronska L. V. 
Published: February 2021

Мета роботи – кількісне визначення гідроксикоричних кислот в ЛРС чорниці пагонів і обґрунтування можливості стандартизації за їхнім вмістом.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалом для дослідження були дикорослі зразки чорниці пагонів, зібрані у 4 областях України та зразки лікарського засобу чорниці пагонів, придбані в аптеках. Запис електронних спектрів поглинання і вимірювання абсорбції здійснювали на спектрофотометрі Cary 50 UV-Vis (“Agilent Technologies”, США). У дослідженні використовували рідинний хроматограф з діодною матрицею (“Waters 2690”, США), хроматографічну колонку XTerra C18 (“Waters”, США) розміром 250х4,6 мм (5 мкм). Стандартні зразки хлорогенової, ферулової, розмаринової, кофейної кислот (Sigma-Aldrich, Fluka) застосовували для ідентифікації і кількісного визначення.
Результати і обговорення. 15 зразків чорниці пагонів: 7 зразків лікарського засобу промислового виробництва і 8 зразків дикорослої сировини власної заготівлі, досліджено методом ВЕРХ зі спектрофометричним детектуванням в умовах градієнтного елюювання. Встановлено, що кислота хлорогенова є домінуючою сполукою із гідроксикоричних кислот і тому може бути стандартом для перерахунку їхнього вмісту. Кислоти кофейна і/або ферулова ідентифіковані в окремих досліджуваних зразках і їхній вміст є незначним порівняно із вмістом кислоти хлорогенової. Спектрофотометричне визначення суми гідроксикоричних кислот у сировині пагонів чорниці є неможливим через заважаючий вплив флавоноїдів. Вміст кислоти хлорогенової, за результатами ВЕРХ-визначення, у зразках лікарського засобу чорниці пагонів становив – 0,385-0,566%, а в зразках дикорослої сировини – 1,368-1,991%. Високий вміст кислоти хлорогенової у сировині чорниці пагонів та її біологічна активність є аргументом для запровадження нового селективного кількісного показника якості при її стандартизації.
Висновки. ВЕРХ-визначення кислоти хлорогенової може бути запроваджено як кількісний показник якості сировини чорниці пагонів на заміну діючого неселективного показника – визначення вмісту поліфенолів.
China
Authors: Liu Nengye 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines China’s legislation on distant water fishing as a flag State, which has significant impact on the conservation of marine living resources in the world ocean. After briefly discussing internal and external pressures that the Chinese authorities are facing, the article provides an overview of the latest series of regulations for China’s distant water fishing fleet. It pays particular attention to the adoption of and compliance with the 2020 Rules on the Management of Distant Water Fishing.
The Islamic Port of al-Balīd (Oman), between Land and Sea: Place of Trade, Exchange, Diversity, and Coexistence
Authors: Fusaro Agnese 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The site of al-Balīd (Southern Oman), identified as the ancient Ẓafār, was a major port city in the Islamic period. Its strategic position and its history, strongly interdependent with that of neighbouring regions, gave it an important socio-economic role.
The abundant ceramics and the rich and diverse archaeological materials recovered at the site prove that al-Balīd has always maintained relationships with people living inland and, at the same time, that it was intensively involved in the Indian Ocean trade. The pottery also reflects the coexistence of different traditions, various social classes, and several communities at al-Balīd.
The Polyvalent Qadamgāh Imām ʿAlī In Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Boivin Michel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the early twentieth century, scholars such as I. Goldziher reported that India was characterized by a large number of bodily relics relating to Muḥammad that were venerated. But another issue was ignored: the worship of the footprints of the first Shiʿite Imam, ʿAlī. This contribution offers an analysis of the various political and social issues that the Qadamgāh Imām ʿAlī of Hyderabad, Sindh (Pakistan), has embodied since its installation at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
The effect of perineural dexamethasone on rebound pain after ropivacaine single-injection nerve block: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fang Jie , Shi Yuncen , Du Fang , Xue Zhanggang , Cang Jing , Miao Changhong , Zhang Xiaoguang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Rebound pain after a single-shot nerve block challenges the real benefit of this technique. We aimed to investigate whether perineural dexamethasone addition decreased the incidence of rebound pain after a single-shot nerve block.

Methods
We randomly allocated 132 patients scheduled for open reduction internal fixation of an upper extremity closed fracture under single-shot peripheral nerve block and sedation into two groups. Patients in the dexamethasone group received nerve block with 0.375% ropivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone, while those in the control group received ropivacaine only. Sixty-three patients in the dexamethasone group and 60 patients in the control group were analyzed for the incidence of rebound pain 48 h after block administration, which was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included the highest self-reported numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score, and NRS at 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after the block, sufentanil consumption, sleep quality on the night of surgery, patient satisfaction with the pain therapy, blood glucose at 6 h after the block, pain and paresthesia at 30 days after surgery.

Results
The incidence of rebound pain was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group (7 [11.1%] of 63 patients) than in the control group (28 [48.8%] of 60 patients [RR = 0.238, 95% CI (0.113–0.504), p = 0.001]. Dexamethasone decreased opioid consumption in 24 h after surgery (p < 0.001) and improved the sleep quality score on the night of surgery (p = 0.01) and satisfaction with pain therapy (p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only group allocation was associated with the occurrence of rebound pain [OR = 0.062, 95% CI (0.015–0.256)]. Patients in the dexamethasone group reported later onset pain (19.7 ± 6.6 h vs 14.7 ± 4.8 h since block administration, mean ± SD, p < 0.001) and lower peak NRS scores [5 (3, 6) vs 8 (5, 9), median (IQR), p < 0.001] than those in the control group.

Conclusions
The perineural administration of 8 mg dexamethasone reduces rebound pain after a single-shot nerve block in patients receiving ORIF for an upper limb fracture.

Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-17011365) on May 11th, 2017.
MIPP-Seq: ultra-sensitive rapid detection and validation of low-frequency mosaic mutations
Authors: Doan Ryan N. , Miller Michael B. , Kim Sonia N. , Rodin Rachel E. , Ganz Javier , Bizzotto Sara , Morillo Katherine S. , Huang August Yue , Digumarthy Reethika , Zemmel Zachary , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Mosaic mutations contribute to numerous human disorders. As such, the identification and precise quantification of mosaic mutations is essential for a wide range of research applications, clinical diagnoses, and early detection of cancers. Currently, the low-throughput nature of single allele assays (e.g., allele-specific ddPCR) commonly used for genotyping known mutations at very low alternate allelic fractions (AAFs) have limited the integration of low-level mosaic analyses into clinical and research applications. The growing importance of mosaic mutations requires a more rapid, low-cost solution for mutation detection and validation.

Methods
To overcome these limitations, we developed Multiple Independent Primer PCR Sequencing (MIPP-Seq) which combines the power of ultra-deep sequencing and truly independent assays. The accuracy of MIPP-seq to quantifiable detect and measure extremely low allelic fractions was assessed using a combination of SNVs, insertions, and deletions at known allelic fractions in blood and brain derived DNA samples.

Results
The Independent amplicon analyses of MIPP-Seq markedly reduce the impact of allelic dropout, amplification bias, PCR-induced, and sequencing artifacts. Using low DNA inputs of either 25 ng or 50 ng of DNA, MIPP-Seq provides sensitive and quantitative assessments of AAFs as low as 0.025% for SNVs, insertion, and deletions.

Conclusions
MIPP-Seq provides an ultra-sensitive, low-cost approach for detecting and validating known and novel mutations in a highly scalable system with broad utility spanning both research and clinical diagnostic testing applications. The scalability of MIPP-Seq allows for multiplexing mutations and samples, which dramatically reduce costs of variant validation when compared to methods like ddPCR. By leveraging the power of individual analyses of multiple unique and independent reactions, MIPP-Seq can validate and precisely quantitate extremely low AAFs across multiple tissues and mutational categories including both indels and SNVs. Furthermore, using Illumina sequencing technology, MIPP-seq provides a robust method for accurate detection of novel mutations at an extremely low AAF.
COPD patients prescribed inhaled corticosteroid in primary care: time for re-assessment based on exacerbation rate and blood eosinophils?
Authors: Savran Osman , Godtfredsen Nina , Sørensen Torben , Jensen Christian , Ulrik Charlotte Suppli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background and objective
Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy for COPD should be guided by exacerbations and blood-eosinophils according to the GOLD 2020 strategy document. In the present study, we applied these recent recommendations in a large cohort of COPD patients recruited from general practice.

Methods
The participating general practitioners (n = 144) recruited patients with a diagnosis of COPD currently prescribed ICS and reported data on exacerbation history and blood-eosinophils. Clinical variables were compared using two-sample t-tests.

Results
The study cohort comprised 1,567 COPD patients (44% males and mean age 72 years). In the past 12 months, 849 (54%) of the COPD patients currently prescribed ICS had no exacerbation, whereas 383 (24%) and 328 (21%) patients, respectively, had a history of one exacerbation and two or more exacerbations. Compared to patients with one or no exacerbation, patients with ≥ 2 exacerbations (21%) per year reported more dyspnea (p < 0.001) and had higher degree of airflow obstruction (p < 0.001). Among patients with no and at least one exacerbation within the preceding 12 months, 30% and 26%, respectively, had a blood-eosinophil count ≥ 0.3 × 109/L. In patients with two or more exacerbations within the last 12 months, 77% had a blood-eosinophil count of ≥ 0.1 × 109/L. Furthermore, 166 patients (11%) had at least one hospital admission due to COPD exacerbation, and a blood-eosinophil count of ≥ 0.1 × 109/L.

Conclusion
This study of a large cohort of COPD patients currently prescribed inhaled corticosteroids suggests the need for re-evaluating the management strategy to increase benefit and reduce adverse effects of ICS treatment in COPD patients managed in primary care.