bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA IN THE LATE GLACIAL AND LATE HOLOCENE
Authors: Базарова В.Б. , Лящевская М.С. 
Published: May 2021

Представлен новый материал по исследованию отложений Еравнинской котловины. На основе палинологических и радиоуглеродных данных проведена реконструкция природной среды позднеледниковья и позднего голоцена. Выделены холодные и теплые периоды позднеледниковья, а также становление растительности в позднем голоцене.
A new material on the study of sediments of the Eravna basin is presented. The results of pollen analysis clearly indicate the climate changes in the last Glacial and late Holocene. The regional climate became milder and more humid around 14.5–12.5 cal. BP, which corresponds to the Allerød interstadial of the European scale.
THE CHILD POPULATION OF BELARUS AND THE SPECIFICS OF ITS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Ридевский Г.В. 
Published: May 2021

В статье рассмотрены основные закономерности распределения детей до 16 лет по регионам Беларуси по результатам переписи населения 2019 г. Сделан вывод о том, что на размещение детей в регионах Беларуси определяющее влияние оказывают центр-периферийные процессы. Концентрация детей в районах центрального типа (экономического ядра) в последние годы растёт более высокими темпами, чем концентрация в них всего населения страны и, вероятно, эта тенденция сохранится в будущем. В размещении детей в Беларуси выявлен также градиент север-юг. В этом направлении заметно увеличивается доля детей до 16 лет и снижается уровень регрессивности возрастной структуры населения. Это свидетельство того, что регионы Белорусского Подвинья имеют наиболее сложную демографическую ситуацию, которая в обозримой перспективе будет только ухудшаться.
The article considers the main patterns of distribution of children under 16 years of age in the regions of Belarus according to the results of the 2019 census. It is concluded that the placement of children in the regions of Belarus is determined by the center-peripheral processes. The concentration of children in the central type (economic core) areas has been growing at a higher rate in recent years than the concentration of the entire population in them, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. A north-south gradient has also been identified in the placement of children in Belarus. In this direction, the proportion of children under 16 years of age is significantly increasing and the level of demographic aging of the population is decreasing. This is evidence that the regions of the Belarusian Podvinya region have the most difficult demographic situation, which will only worsen in the foreseeable future.
THE LATE HOLOCENE HISTORY OF VEGETATION OF THE ACCUMULATIVE PLAIN IN THE INNER PART OF THE USSURI BAY
Authors: Белянин П.С. , Белянина Н.И. 
Published: May 2021

На основе палинологических данных, восстановлена история развития природной среды аккумулятивной равнины в кутовой части Уссурийского залива за последние 5350 кал. л. Определены особенности структуры растительного покрова в завершающую фазу оптимума голоцена, а также при разнонаправленных климатических флуктуациях позднего голоцена. В завершающую фазу оптимума голоцена широколиственные растения в горном обрамлении были распространены более широко, чем в настоящее время. На аккумулятивной равнине преобладали мелколиственные растительные сообщества с доминированием березы обыкновенной, гибридных берез и ольхи. Похолодание, начавшееся в конце среднего и продолжившееся в начале позднего голоцена, привело к сокращению в растительности широколиственных растений и более широкому распространению мелколиственных. В конце позднего голоцена в кутовой части Уссурийского залива сложились природные условия, обусловившие формирование современной структуры растительности.
Based on the palynological data, the history of vegetation on the accumulative plain in the inner part of the Ussuri Bay was reconstructed. Features of the structure of the vegetation cover during the final phase of the Holocene optimum and at multidirectional climatic fluctuations in the Late Holocene were identified. Broad-leaf plants in the final phase of the Holocene were more widely-spread on the surrounding mountain than at present. On the accumulative plains grassy meadows with small-leaf plant communities dominated. Deterioration of natural conditions during the transition to the Late Holocene caused a decrease in vegetation of broad- leaved plants and in an increase in the role of small-plants. At the end of the Late Holocene natural conditions developed in the inner part of the Ussuri Bay, that conditioned the formation of the modern structure of vegetation.
Accumulation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Hg) on brown algae, Padina australis, cultivated in Kima Bajo Waters, North Minahasa Regency
Authors: Hidayat Sarif , Mantiri Desy M.H. , Paulus James J.H. , Lasut Markus T. , Rumampuk Natalie D.C. , Undap Suzanne , Sumilat Deiske A. 
Published: May 2021

Although heavy metals have relatively low levels in water column and sediments, they will not be degraded and can even be absorbed and accumulated by marine algae. Research on accumulation of heavy metals on algae was done in Kima Bajo Waters, North Minahasa Regency. The research objective was to evaluate the accumulation of four heavy metals, i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), plumbum (Pb), and mercury (Hg), on brown macroalgae Padina australis. The alga was introduced and cultivated in the research area using bottom method. The same method was also used in the experiment. One-week acclimatization process was done prior the experiment. Sampling of alga’s thallus was carried out every two weeks to measure the concentration of metals. The experiment was terminated after six weeks. Bottom sediment was also collected at the beginning of the experiment to measure the metal concentration. The results showed that the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) were accumulated in the algae. The highest concentration of Cd, Pb, and Hg accumulated in the algae was 0.15 mg/kg wet weight, 3.5 mg/kg wet weight, and 0.009 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. All the concentrations were higher than the initial concentration of each metal. Accumulation of As was also occurred with the highest concentration (1,9 mg/kg wet weigh) occurred at fourth weeks; however, it was lower than the initial concentration. The accumulation varied according to type of metals and time; accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Hg were occurred on second weeks of cultivations and As on the fourth weeks. It can be concluded that cultivated alga can accumulate heavy metals.Indonesian title: Akumulasi logam berat (As, Cd, Pb, Hg) pada alga coklat, Padina australis, yang dibudidaya di Perairan Kima Bajo, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Studi Literatur Pengaruh Pirolisis, Jenis Adsorban serta Aktivator dalam Karakterisasi Asap Cair
Authors: Sihombing Rony Pasonang , Keryanti Keryanti , Yulistiani Fitria , Permanasari Ayu Ratna 
Published: May 2021

Liquid smoke is a preservative solution that can be used safely. This grade 1 product can be also used as food preservative. The aim of this article is to discuss and examine the previous experiment’s results by literature review. The outcome of this article is expected to be regenerated by other research using the existing variable which is discussed on this article or using new variable. Based on the result. There are some variables that effect the final quality of liquid smoke. Some of them are pyrolisys temperature, pyrolisys time, adsorbant type and activator type. Pyrolisys temperature used was arround 250 °C – 300 °C with resulted pH 1.41 to 2.25. While for pyrolisys temperature was arround 4 – 5 hours with phenol content arround 3.04% to 4.08%. The type of adsorbant used was zeoilte and quartz sand, which the acid total having both increment and decrement phenomenon. Activator type used were salt activator such as NaCl , NaHCO, CaCl2, Na2SO4 and base activator (NaOH) which producing the most percent acid total.
Predicting college students' future intentions to engage in public-sphere water conservation behaviors
Authors: Wise Austin , Johnson Donald , Wardlow George , Jogan Kathi 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to describe selected college students’ (N = 252) perceptions of and future intentions (FI) to engage in public-sphere water conservation behaviors, and to determine if FI could be predicted by a single or linear combination of student demographic characteristics and latent variables. A majority of respondents agreed a growing population will negatively affect water quantity (90.5%) and there is a need for water resource management (85.6%). A majority disagreed or strongly disagreed that they (53.4%), their family (57.1%), or their friends (67.5%) practiced water conservation, or that people in their hometowns were concerned about local water availability (78.1%). A majority agreed they would engage in four of five public-sphere water conservation behaviors in the future: support water conservation programs (86.4%), care more deeply about water conservation (81.2%), join a water conservation organization (79.2%), and vote for stricter water use laws (55.0%). Fewer than one-half agreed or strongly agreed they would donate money to support water conservation (45.8%). Responses to statements concerning water conservation were factor analyzed and two factors were extracted: lack of agency (LA) and subjective norms (SN). A linear combination of gender, LA, and SN explained 36.7% of the variance in FI.
High-resolution He I 10830 Å Narrowband Imaging for a Small-scale Chromospheric Jet
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhang Qingmin , Ji Haisheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Solar jets are ubiquitous phenomena in the solar atmosphere. They are important in mass and energy transport to the upper atmosphere and interplanetary space. Here, we report a detailed analysis of a small-scale chromospheric jet with high-resolution He i 10830 Å and TiO 7057 Å images observed by the 1.6 m aperture Goode Solar Telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. The observation reveals the finest dark threads inside the jet are rooted in the intergranular lanes. Their width is equal to the telescope’s diffraction limit at 10830 Å (∼100 km). The jet is recurrent and its association with the emergence and convergence of magnetic flux is observed. Together with other important features like photospheric flow toward the magnetic polarity inversion line, a bald-patch magnetic configuration, and earlier excitation of helium atoms, we propose that the jet might be initiated by magnetic reconnection in a U-shaped loop configuration. The plasmoid configuration results from the possible buoyancy of the magnetic reconnection, which reoccurs in a second step with an overlying magnetic field line. Notably, the second-step magnetic reconnection produces not only bidirectional cool or hot flows but also a new U-shaped loop configuration. The feature may be used to explain the recurrent behavior of the jet, since the new U-shaped loop can be driven to reconnect again.
The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: The Magnetic Field in the Center of the Rosette Molecular Cloud
Authors: Könyves Vera , Ward-Thompson Derek , Pattle Kate , Di Francesco James , Arzoumanian Doris , Chen Zhiwei , Diep Pham Ngoc , Eswaraiah Chakali , Fanciullo Lapo , Furuya Ray S. , Hoang Thiem , Hull Charles L. H. , Hwang Jihye , Johnstone Doug , Kang Ji-hyun , Karoly Janik , Kirchschlager Florian , Kirk Jason M. , Koch Patrick M. , Kwon Jungmi , Lee Chang Won , Onaka Takashi , Robitaille Jean-François , Soam Archana , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Tang Xindi , Tamura Motohide , Berry David , Bastien Pierre , Ching Tao-Chung , Coudé Simon , Kwon Woojin , Wang Jia-Wei , Hasegawa Tetsuo , Lai Shih-Ping , Qiu Keping 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present the first 850 μm polarization observations in the most active star-forming site of the Rosette Molecular Cloud (d ∼ 1.6 kpc) in the wall of the Rosette Nebula, imaged with the SCUBA-2/POL-2 instruments of the James Clerk Maxwell telescope, as part of the B-Fields In Star-forming Region Observations 2 (BISTRO-2) survey. From the POL-2 data we find that the polarization fraction decreases with the 850 μm continuum intensity with α = 0.49 ± 0.08 in the p ∝ I
−α
relation, which suggests that some fraction of the dust grains remain aligned at high densities. The north of our 850 μm image reveals a “gemstone ring” morphology, which is a ∼1 pc diameter ring-like structure with extended emission in the “head” to the southwest. We hypothesize that it might have been blown by feedback in its interior, while the B-field is parallel to its circumference in most places. In the south of our SCUBA-2 field the clumps are apparently connected with filaments that follow infrared dark clouds. Here, the POL-2 magnetic field orientations appear bimodal with respect to the large-scale Planck field. The mass of our effective mapped area is ∼174 M
⊙, which we calculate from 850 μm flux densities. We compare our results with masses from large-scale emission-subtracted Herschel 250 μm data and find agreement within 30%. We estimate the plane-of-sky B-field strength in one typical subregion using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi technique and find 80 ± 30 μG toward a clump and its outskirts. The estimated mass-to-flux ratio of λ = 2.3 ± 1.0 suggests that the B-field is not sufficiently strong to prevent gravitational collapse in this subregion.
Multispacecraft Observations of Coronal Loops to Verify a Force-free Field Reconstruction and Infer Loop Cross Sections
Authors: McCarthy Marika I. , Longcope Dana W. , Malanushenko Anna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Active region EUV loops are believed to trace a subset of magnetic field lines through the corona. Malanushenko et al. proposed a method, using loop images and line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms, to infer the 3D shape and field strength along each loop. McCarthy et al. used this novel method to compute the total magnetic flux interconnecting a pair of active regions observed by SDO/AIA. They adopted the common assumption that each loop had a circular cross section. The accuracy of inferred shape and circularity of cross sections can both be tested using observations of the same loops from additional vantage points as provided by STEREO/EUVI. Here we use multiple viewing angles to confirm the 3D structure of loops. Of 151 viable cases, 105 (69.5%) matched some form of visible coronal structure when viewed approximately in quadrature. A loop with a circular cross section should appear of a similar width in different perspectives. In contradiction to this, we find a puzzling lack of correlation between loop diameters seen from different perspectives, even an anticorrelation in some cases. Features identified as monolithic loops in AIA may, in fact, be more complex density enhancements. The 30.5% of reconstructions from AIA that did not match any feature in EUVI might be such enhancements. Others may be genuine loop structures, but with elliptical cross sections. We observe an anticorrelation between diameter and brightness, lending support to the latter hypothesis. Of 13 loops suitable for width analysis, 4 are consistent with noncircular cross sections, where we find anticorrelation in both comparisons.
Solar Origin of Compressive Alfvénic Spikes/Kinks as Observed by Parker Solar Probe
Authors: He Jiansen , Zhu Xingyu , Yang Liping , Hou Chuanpeng , Duan Die , Zhang Lei , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The solar wind is found by the Parker Solar Probe to be abundant with Alfvénic velocity spikes and magnetic field kinks. Temperature enhancement is another remarkable feature associated with the Alfvénic spikes. How the prototype of these coincident phenomena is generated intermittently in the source region is an important and wide-ranging subject. Here we propose a new model introducing guide-field discontinuity into the interchange magnetic reconnection between open funnels and closed loops with different magnetic helicities. The modified interchange reconnection model not only can accelerate jet flows from the newly opening closed loop but also can excite and launch Alfvénic wave pulses along the newly reconnected and post-reconnected open flux tubes. We find that the modeling results can reproduce the following observational features: (1) Alfvén disturbance is pulsive in time and asymmetric in space; (2) Alfvénic pulse is compressive with temperature enhancement and density variation inside the pulse. We point out that three physical processes co-happening with Alfvén wave propagation can be responsible for the temperature enhancement: (a) convection of heated jet flow plasmas (decrease in density), (b) propagation of compressive slow-mode waves (increase in density), and (c) conduction of heat flux (weak change in density). We also suggest that the radial nonlinear evolution of the Alfvénic pulses should be taken into account to explain the formation of magnetic switchback geometry.
Improved Constraints for the XUV Luminosity Evolution of Trappist-1
Authors: Birky Jessica , Barnes Rory , Fleming David P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We re-examine the XUV luminosity evolution of TRAPPIST-1 utilizing new observational constraints (XUV and bolometric luminosity) from multi-epoch X-ray/UV photometry. Following the formalism presented in Fleming et al., we infer that TRAPPIST-1 maintained a saturated XUV luminosity, relative to the bolometric luminosity, of log10(L
XUV/L
bol)

=
−

3.03

−
0.23

+
0.25

at early times for a period of t
sat

=

3.14

−
1.46

+
2.22

Gyr. After the saturation phase, we find L
XUV decayed over time by an exponential rate of β
XUV

=
−

1.17

−
0.28

+
0.27

. Compared to our inferred age of the system,

age
=

7.96

−
1.87

+
1.78

Gyr, our result for t
sat suggests that there is only a ∼4% chance that TRAPPIST-1 still remains in the saturated phase today, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate of 40%. Despite this reduction in t
sat, our results remain consistent in the conclusion that the TRAPPIST-1 planets likely received an extreme amount XUV energy—an estimated integrated XUV energy of ∼1030–1032 erg over the star’s lifetime.
« Comme des enfants avec un jeu de lego »
Authors: Roumanos Rayya , Strick Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

Quelles sont les marques d’une bonne enquête OSINT ? Pour Benjamin S Strick , membre du collectif Bellingcat et collaborateur régulier de la cellule Africa Eye de la BBC, la curiosité, l’esprit critique et le travail collaboratif sont les trois ingrédients indispensables d’une recette qui change au gré des enquêtes et des cellules d’investigation.
Une représentation sous contrôle : visions du système politique et réformes institutionnelles dans le mouvement des Gilets jaunes
Authors: Bedock Camille , Bonin Loïc , Liochon Pauline , Schnatterer Tinette 
Published: May 2021

La mobilisation des Gilets jaunes, diverse et protéiforme, s’est caractérisée par des discours et des revendications institutionnelles et démocratiques. À partir d’une base de données de questionnaires recueillis in situ et d’entretiens approfondis, cet article s’intéresse aux visions du système politique et aux réformes revendiquées par les Gilets jaunes. L’article montre que malgré l’existence de critiques très fortes des organisations politiques instituées ou élues et la conviction d’évoluer dans un système non démocratique, les Gilets jaunes ne revendiquent pas une sortie de la représentation politique, mais sa refondation autour de trois principes : le contrôle des élu·es notamment par la démocratie directe, l’écoute, et la proximité statutaire et géographique des élu·es.
Navigating in Deep Waters: How Tissue Damage and Inflammation Shape Effector and Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Borges da Silva Henrique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells promote protective immunity against viruses or cancer. Our field has done a terrific job identifying how CD8+ T cell memory forms in response to Ag. However, many studies focused on systems in which inflammation recedes over time. These situations, while relevant, do not cover all situations in which CD8+ T cell memory is relevant. It is increasingly clear that CD8+ T cells with a memory phenotype form in response to infections with extensive or prolonged tissue inflammation, for example, influenza, herpes, and more recently, COVID-19. In these circumstances, inflammatory mediators expectedly affect forming memory CD8+ T cells, especially in tissues in which pathogens establish. Notwithstanding recent important discoveries, many outstanding questions on how inflammation shapes CD8+ T cell memory remain unanswered. We will discuss, in this review, what is already known and the next steps to understand how inflammation influences CD8+ T cell memory.
Sheaf representations and locality of Riesz spaces with order unit
Authors: Di Nola Antonio , Lenzi Giacomo , Spada Luca 
Published: May 2021

We present an algebraic study of Riesz spaces (=real vector lattices) with a (strong) order unit. We exploit a categorical equivalence between those structures and a variety of algebras called RMV-algebras. We prove two different sheaf representations for Riesz spaces with order unit: the first represents them as sheaves of linearly ordered Riesz spaces over a spectral space, the second represent them as sheaves of "local" Riesz spaces over a compact Hausdorff space. Motivated by the latter representation we study the class of local RMV-algebras. We study the algebraic properties of local RMV-algebra and provide a characterisation of them as special retracts of the real interval [0,1]. Finally, we prove that the category of local RMV-algebras is equivalent to the category of all Riesz spaces.
Bihomogeneous symmetric functions
Authors: Billig Yuly 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe consider two natural gradings on the space of symmetric functions: by degree and by length. We introduce a differential operatorTthat leaves the components of this double grading invariant and exhibit a basis of bihomogeneous symmetric functions in which this operator is triangular. This allows us to compute the eigenvalues ofT, which turn out to be nonnegative integers.
Synthetic chalcone derivatives inhibit cytokine secretion via inhibition of ERK and JNK pathways in human U937 macrophage
Authors: Sian Lee Jian , Jasamai Malina , Yaakob Nor Syafinaz , Fauzi Norsyahida Mohd 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the inhibitory effects of a chalcone derivative on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretions and on LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in human U937 macrophage-like cell line.
Methods: The effects of chalcone derivative on LPS-induced secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in endothelial cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while the effects of chalcone on the activation of MAPK and NF-kB pathway were determined by Western blotting.
Results: The results showed that 3-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-naphthalen-1-yl-propenone (compound 1) significantly inhibited the secretion of LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in U937 macrophages. This compound also demonstrated significant suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signalregulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. However, the compound did not reverse the degradation of inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) and did not inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit and P-38 MAPK.
Conclusion: Compound 1 inhibits the secretion of cytokines via the inhibition of ERK and JNK pathways. These results suggest that chalcone derivative could act as an antiinflammatory agent by altering cytokine secretion and inflammatory pathways.