bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal patterns in riverine ecology within and among seven Pacific Northwest rivers: Implications for river research, monitoring and management
Authors: Herlihy Alan T. , Hughes Robert M. , Gerth William J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRivers vary because of their different geographic settings and their differing levels of anthropogenic disturbances. Relative to wadeable streams, boatable or raftable rivers are much less studied because they require more expensive gear and are more dangerous to sample. Because of the importance of Pacific Northwest rivers for water supply, recreation, and endangered fish species, we selected seven rivers of interest to state, tribal, or federal agencies. Our objectives were to determine the degree to which fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages varied with water quality, habitat structure, and distance along each river, as well as the degree to which each river differed from the others. We sampled the rivers by inflatable rafts and assessed spatial patterns in fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages as well as water quality and physical habitat structure at 20 sites spread out longitudinally along each river. By analyzing site‐to‐site similarity matrices for fish, macroinvertebrates, chemistry, habitat, and river distance, we found that water quality‐river distance relationships were relatively strong, but habitat structure‐distance relationships were usually weak or absent. Also, site‐to‐site similarity in water quality was unrelated to the site‐to‐site similarity in habitat structure. Among‐river variability was much greater than within‐river variability for both fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. We observed very different patterns among the seven rivers regarding the importance of distance, water quality, and physical habitat similarities relative to fish and macroinvertebrate assemblage similarities. The best set of environmental variables for distinguishing biotic assemblage similarities varied widely among rivers, and among the two assemblage types. We conclude that the riverscape concept is valuable for river monitoring, research, and management, as well as the value of rigorously sampling both water quality and physical habitat as well as both fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages.
Tuning Hot Carrier Dynamics of InP/ZnSe/ZnS Quantum Dots by Shell Morphology Control
Authors: Park Jumi , Won Yu‐Ho , Han Yongseok , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Jang Eunjoo , Kim Dongho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIsotropic InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are prepared at a high reaction temperature, which facilitates ZnSe shell growth on random facets of the InP core. Fast crystal growth enables stacking faults elimination, which induces anisotropic growth, and as a result, improves the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield by nearly 20%. Herein, the effect of the QD morphology on photophysical properties is investigated by observing the PL blinking and ultrafast charge carrier dynamics. It is found that hot hole trapping is considerably suppressed in isotropic InP QDs, indicating that the stacking faults in the anisotropic InP/ZnSe structures act as defects for luminescence. These results highlight the importance of understanding the correlation between QD shapes and hot carrier dynamics, and present a way to design highly luminescent QDs for further promising display applications.
Developing consensus for definitions of key veterinary‐specific quality improvement (QI) terms using an eDelphi‐study method
Authors: Rooke Freya , Burford John , Doorly Ashley , Gush Chris , Brennan Marnie L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundQuality improvement (QI) methods are a continuous process of iterative tests to improve the quality of a service or product. Using common language has been linked to the successful implementation of QI in human healthcare. This study aimed to assimilate and achieve consensus on veterinary‐specific definitions for terms associated with quality care and QI methods in UK veterinary practice.MethodsA four‐round modified eDelphi process with a panel of 50 UK veterinary practice stakeholders was used to generate consensus. The panel selected or suggested the definition they best felt ‘fitted’ each term. Consensus was reached if there was >70% agreement, and terms were eliminated if there was <15% selection.ResultsThirty‐one panellists completed all three rounds of eDelphi; eight participants completed an optional feedback round. From 14 terms, 10 reached consensus, leaving four unresolved definitions.ConclusionsA majority of terms reached consensus; 90% were new or amended definitions proposed by panel members. Utilising plain English refined by stakeholders will allow successful implementation of QI in veterinary healthcare. Not all terms achieved consensus, highlighting a need for further research to enable successful integration of QI principles as seen in human healthcare.
Utility of preputial cytology to diagnose hyperoestrogenism in a dog with an intra‐abdominal Sertoli cell tumour with concurrent thrombocytopaenia and intracranial haemorrhage
Authors: Cutler Simone M. , Melega Maverick , Wilson Liam , Breheny Craig R. , Serra Juan‐Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old unilateral cryptorchid dog presented with episcleral haemorrhage and ecchymosis. The complete blood count was consistent with pancytopaenia. Abdominal imaging confirmed the presence of a caudal abdominal mass suspected to be a Sertoli cell tumour (SCT) with associated myelotoxicity. The presence of myelotoxicity induced thrombocytopaenia and the delay in obtaining serum oestradiol results could make it challenging to confirm hyperoestrogenism in suspected SCTs without overt feminisation. Preputial cytology was used as a rapid and simple way to diagnose hyperoestrogenism in a dog without overt signs of feminisation and where the risk of significant haemorrhage precluded abdominal mass sampling. This technique could potentially detect hyperoestrogenism before clinical signs of feminisation and can readily be carried out in first opinion practice. A postmortem examination following sudden deterioration confirmed the presence of an SCT in the retained testicle and intracranial haemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopaenia.
The state‐of‐the‐art on tours for dynamic visualization of high‐dimensional data
Authors: Lee Stuart , Cook Dianne , da Silva Natalia , Laa Ursula , Spyrison Nicholas , Wang Earo , Zhang H. Sherry 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article discusses a high‐dimensional visualization technique called the tour, which can be used to view data in more than three dimensions. We review the theory and history behind the technique, as well as modern software developments and applications of the tour that are being found across the sciences and machine learning.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
Fab the Knowledge
Authors: Scataglini Sofia , Busciantella-Ricci Daniele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper draws a link between what happens in maker spaces and how these processes can be simulated in the mathematical collaborative model (co-model) of the research through collaborative design (co-design) process (RTC). The result is the ability to identify the main variables for simulating the “making” dynamics of the RTC model. This outcome is discussed with an emphasis on the “intangible” role of “making,” alongside the proposed concept of “fab the knowledge.” Speculative thinking is used here to link the innovative and theoretical aspects of design research to their application in and for innovative learning contexts. The RTC co-model can be used to compute, simulate and train a co-design process in intangible spaces, such as fab labs. In these spaces, multiple actors with different skills and backgrounds, who may or may not be experts in design, collaborate on setting a design question and identifying a shared design answer, in a process of RTC. A “network” of neural mechanisms operating and communicating between design experts and non-experts, like a computing system of a biological mechanism, can be used to train and simulate a research answer, thereby “fabricating” knowledge.
Museum Education Between Digital Technologies and Unplugged Processes. Two Case Studies
Authors: Carlini Alessandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis document presents the results of architectural design and prototyping of educational kits within the museum context, two case studies featuring a combination of digital technologies and unplugged processes. The field of application is cultural heritage and the topics are part of school curricula. The first case study is a museum display of digital video installations and educational kits that reproduce mechanisms of symmetry from patterned flooring (“www.formulas.it” laboratory, Department of Architecture, Roma Tre University and Liceo Scientifico Cavour” high school). The second case concerns the setting up of a school fab lab in which 3D-printed prototype educational kits are made for schools and museums in Rome, in partnership with the Municipality of Rome and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (General Directorate for Education and Research). The cases involve professional, research and didactic experiences which led to funding-supported projects. The experiences showcase good practices in informal and cooperative learning, and highlight the relationship between education and popularization that draws on our architectural heritage.
Educational Robotics in Informal Contexts: An Experience at CoderDojo Pomezia
Authors: Cannone Lina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe project aims to develop technical skills in primary school students. Technical courses are usually not popular among schoolchildren. With the introduction of the National Plan for Digital Education (PNSD) by Italian Education Ministry since 2015, words like coding, robotics and computational thinking are used more frequently in primary school classrooms. CoderDojo is a worldwide movement working to introduce children to robotics and computer science. As CoderDojo Pomezia, we prepared a number of activities to encourage students’ interest in computational thinking and robotics, and to improve their skills. In recent years, we have held several workshops for primary school students. The workshops have involved activities such as programming robotics kits, using robotics with six-year-olds, programming videogames, modelling 3D objects. The activities always have a hands-on approach. Over 100 primary schoolers have participated in the workshops. We have also held workshops to train teachers to introduce these technical skills in their classrooms. This paper presents the work of CoderDojo Pomezia to train children and demonstrate how students have improved their technical and social skills.
RoboCup@Home Education: A New Format for Educational Competitions
Authors: Iocchi Luca , Tan Jeffrey Too Chuan , Castro Sebastian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper we describe a novel methodology for holding educational robot competitions that has been developed within the RoboCup@Home Educational initiative. The methodology is based on two main elements: (1) a workshop + competition format where teaching material is interwoven with competitive tasks; (2) a team-centered approach, where rules and teaching material are tailored to participant teams to maximize the educational experience for students. The results and lessons learned after more than five years of organizing these competitions are also discussed in this paper.
European Recommendations on Robotics and Related Issues in Education in Different Countries
Authors: Todino Michele Domenico , De Simone Giuseppe , Kidiamboko Simon , Di Tore Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis short paper describes the preliminary phase in an innovative line of research comparing educational robotics in Italy and other countries, from the perspective of media education, and based on the European Parliament recommendations to the Commission on civil law rules on robotics. More specifically, all decision processes that affect digital citizenship should have the support of children and teenagers. For these reasons, this paper looks at the work of a group of Italian high school students in the fifth year of upper secondary school, who formulated a SWOT analysis to highlight their attitudes to robotics issues in relation to the European Union recommendations. This research started in 2018 and will be repeated this academic year with Italian and Congolese students—from the Institut Supérieur des Techniques Appliquées—with a qualitative analysis to establish student attitudes to robotics issues. Qualitative analysis was selected because the SWOT analysis is already divided into information categories, revealing a variety of concepts that are grouped together from the collected data. These results will be compared with any obtained in future years in Italy and other countries, to find further potential patterns.
Innovative Spaces at School. How Innovative Spaces and the Learning Environment Condition the Transformation of Teaching
Authors: Nulli Giovanni , Mondaini Gianluigi , Ferretti Maddalena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces the contributions to Track C1 of the symposium, which explored the link between architectural space and learning processes, while trying to outline their connection and mutual influence. The paper also aims to outline major trends and innovative approaches in the field of school design. Specifically, it refers to the relationship between the architecture of school, the users’ spatial perception, and the capacity to increase learning skills through the experience of comfort and quality spaces. Also, the relationship with the urban structure is investigated as a crucial aspect of school architecture.
Landscapes of Knowledge and Innovative Learning Experiences
Authors: Faiferri Massimo , Bartocci Samanta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn these historic times, when there is a crucial shift in the way we consider the cultural and architectural aspects of learning spaces, it is important to investigate the role this spatial resource plays in the urban context. This, so we can understand the need to break with the outdated ideas about school that are deeply rooted in our society. There is common ground between architecture and pedagogy, a possible dialogue between space and knowledge, which can generate new explorations into the ordinary meaning of educational spaces and landscapes of knowledge, as a chance to expand the concept of inhabiting a space and how that impacts the world, and to devise a new urban condition. By first considering cities as a broad, extended learning space, we provide a chance and an incentive to reflect on the role of spatial design. The city is an important educational tool, since it represents a space of discovery, growth, socialization, tension, conflict and adventure. It is also where autonomy, adaptive intelligence and relational skills are developed. A new relationship between school and the city defines the future of learning and civilized co-existence.
Adaptive Environments. New Spaces for Learning
Authors: Mondaini Gianluigi , Rosciani Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe architecture of schools can no longer be as rigid as it has been in the past. It needs to be spatially open, stimulating and, through its physical qualities, able to react and adapt to those who live and work there to use it as an active educational tool. However, architecture by itself is not enough to define new spatial models for education or for our society and its ever more complex problems. Thus, a plurality of forms of disciplinary participation is necessary. Pedagogy, with its close relationship with architecture, and technology, with the innovations it brings to teaching methods, are also involved. The dynamism in communication processes and educational practices that arises from new technologies demands a review of how school environments are organized, along with flexible, multifunctional and adaptable solutions for them. The most interesting models are those in which the conventional classroom “breaks down” physically, in favor of open-space learning environments, and flexible spaces. Such layouts help promote skills acquisition, thanks to the synergy between the technological elements and the physical qualities of the spaces that make learning more engaging.
Makers in Education: Teaching is a Hacking Stuff
Authors: Aprile Domenico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral changes and challenges affect contemporary society: public administration, business, society at large. The lowest common denominator is digitization through IT tools. And what about school systems? Do they play a decisive role in enabling the skills needed to these challenges? We send our children to school to prepare them for a fast-changing world. But have our schools (and teachers) changed in the last 100 years? Modern teachers are being asked to change their teaching and learning practices, and to implement methodologies (including the use of IT tools) and make way for new teaching practices.
Facial Recognition and Privacy Rights
Authors: Smith Marcus , Miller Seumas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiometric facial recognition is one of the most rapidly developing methods of biometric identification, with expanding applications across law enforcement, government and the private sector. Its capacity for integration with other technologies, such as closed circuit television (CCTV) and social media, differentiate it from DNA and fingerprint biometric identification. This chapter commences with a discussion of the technique of facial recognition and applications in identity verification, public surveillance, and the identification of unknown suspects. Its relative advantages and disadvantages, and the development of facial recognition around the world is explored. The discussion then examines how facial recognition databases developed from existing databases, such as driver’s licence photographs, can be integrated with CCTV systems, and most recently, with photographs from social media and the internet. The chapter then considers relevant ethical principles, including privacy, autonomy, security and public safety, and the implications for law and regulation in relation to facial recognition.
1-form symmetry, isolated $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFTs, and Calabi-Yau threefolds
Authors: Buican Matthew , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We systematically study 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories (SCFTs) that can be constructed via type IIB string theory on isolated hypersurface singularities (IHSs) embedded in ℂ4. We show that if a theory in this class has no $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2-preserving exactly marginal deformation (i.e., the theory is isolated as an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT), then it has no 1-form symmetry. This situation is somewhat reminiscent of 1-form symmetry and decomposition in 2D quantum field theory. Moreover, our result suggests that, for theories arising from IHSs, 1-form symmetries originate from gauge groups (with vanishing beta functions). One corollary of our discussion is that there is no 1-form symmetry in IHS theories that have all Coulomb branch chiral ring generators of scaling dimension less than two. In terms of the a and c central charges, this condition implies that IHS theories satisfying $$ a<\frac{1}{24}\left(15r+2f\right) $$
a
<

1
24

15
r
+
2
f

and $$ c<\frac{1}{6}\left(3r+f\right) $$
c
<

1
6

3
r
+
f

(where r is the complex dimension of the Coulomb branch, and f is the rank of the continuous 0-form flavor symmetry) have no 1-form symmetry. After reviewing the 1-form symmetries of other classes of theories, we are motivated to conjecture that general interacting 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFTs with all Coulomb branch chiral ring generators of dimension less than two have no 1-form symmetry.
BSM master formula for ε′/ε in the WET basis at NLO in QCD
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Bobeth Christoph , Buras Andrzej J. , Kumar Jacky 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As an important step towards a complete next-to-leading (NLO) QCD analysis of the ratio ε′/ε within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), we present for the first time the NLO master formula for the BSM part of this ratio expressed in terms of the Wilson coefficients of all contributing operators evaluated at the electroweak scale. To this end we use the common Weak Effective Theory (WET) basis (the so-called JMS basis) for which tree-level and one-loop matching to the SMEFT are already known. The relevant hadronic matrix elements of BSM operators at the electroweak scale are taken from Dual QCD approach and the SM ones from lattice QCD. It includes the renormalization group evolution and quark-flavour threshold effects at NLO in QCD from hadronic scales, at which these matrix elements have been calculated, to the electroweak scale.
Euclidean D-branes in type IIB string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Sen Ashoke , Stefański Bogdan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We compute the contribution of Euclidean D-branes in type IIB string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds to the metric on the hypermultiplet moduli space in the large volume, weak coupling limit. Our results are in perfect agreement with the predictions based on S-duality, mirror symmetry and supersymmetry.
Charge algebra for non-abelian large gauge symmetries at O(r)
Authors: Campiglia Miguel , Peraza Javier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Asymptotic symmetries of gauge theories are known to encode infrared properties of radiative fields. In the context of tree-level Yang-Mills theory, the leading soft behavior of gluons is captured by large gauge symmetries with parameters that are O(1) in the large r expansion towards null infinity. This relation can be extended to subleading order provided one allows for large gauge symmetries with O(r) gauge parameters. The latter, however, violate standard asymptotic field fall-offs and thus their interpretation has remained incomplete. We improve on this situation by presenting a relaxation of the standard asymptotic field behavior that is compatible with O(r) gauge symmetries at linearized level. We show the extended space admits a symplectic structure on which O(1) and O(r) charges are well defined and such that their Poisson brackets reproduce the corresponding symmetry algebra.