bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents as first Teachers for Children
Authors: Asih Rosalia Windu 
Published: September 2021

<p><em>Parents are the firs environment a child experiences when he is born into the world.Furthermore,parents are also the main environment in shaping a child’s personality.At the beginning of their growth, they tend to spend more with the family environment,especially parents.Then in the family a child experiences the first and foremost educational process of the parents.All forms of parental behaviour,both oral and good deeds that are exemplary and habits applied in social life wiil affect the pattern of child development.Therefore,my parents should able to instill a good education and of course this is true in children from an early age,so that the subsequent development of children can reflect a good and noble personality as well as be beneficial for themselves ,parentsriligion,society and nation and country.</em></p>
Using Comic-Based Socio-Scientific Issues in inquiry learning to increase interest and achievement in science learning
Authors: Lestari Ratna , Haryono Tjipto , Erman Erman 
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to produce science comics products of earth disaster response, described the validity, practicality and effectiveness of comic learning tools based on socioscientific issues (SSI). SSI-based comics combined with guided inquiry models to increase interest and science learning achievement. It used to facilitate students learning in classrooms which mostly have a visual learning style. This research developed using 4-D model and designed using the <em>one-group pretest-posttest</em> <em>design</em>. The research subjects were 120 Grade VII students of Junior High School. The instruments used validation sheets, the implementation of learning, student activities, student responses in the form of modality and interest questionnaires, attitude assessment sheets, and written tests. The data were analyzed descriptively in the form of questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. This questionnaire contains statements and a Likert scale to measure students' learning modalities and interests, while the learning outcomes test is in the form of a multiple choice written test to measure students' cognitive abilities by determining the percentage of n-gain score and the percentage of learning completeness. The results showed that students' interest and learning achievement on earth disaster response material had increased in all classes because of the use of SSI-based comic teaching materials that helped optimise the process of guided inquiry learning. The stage of guided inquiry also requires students to read a lot and discuss SSI problems in comics. Statistical tests showed that interest in learning affects increasing student learning achievement in Classes VII-B, VII-C, and VII-E because most students have visual learning modalities. But it did not have much impact on grades VII-A and VII-D, which are modality levels visual learning is still relatively low. This is due to the interest in learning which is influenced by learning modalities, abilities, learning intensity, student attitudes, and student learning environment. So, great interest tends towards senior learning achievement as well, but not all show the influence of attention on it. Student responses were positive. Finally, SSI-based comic teaching materials in guided inquiry learning on earth disaster response materials are appropriate to be used to increase student interest and achievement in science.
ORION: Shaping Shetland as the UK's First Green Energy Island
Authors: Newcombe Gunther A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ORION (Opportunity Renewables Integration Offshore Networks) project was launched in April 2020 when Shetland Island Council (SIC) and the OGTC formed a strategic partnership to work on an energy hub concept with Highland & Islands Enterprise (HIE), government and industry. Strathclyde University joined in May 2021 as a strategic partner.
Shetland has all the critical ingredients of clean energy provision There is significant onshore and offshore wind and tidal resource; strategically important hydrocarbon resource; established oil and gas infrastructure; and a knowledgeable and skilled local workforce.
The aim of ORION is threefold:- To enable offshore oil and gas sector transition to net zero by electrification, utilising initially onshore and then offshore wind, sustaining thousands of jobs and security of supply.To transform Shetland's current dependency on fossil fuels to affordable renewable energy to address fuel poverty and improve community wealth.To create a green hydrogen export business on Shetland at industrial scale by harnessing offshore wind power and creating new jobs.
ORION has set several ambitious targets by 2050. These include abating 8mT/year of CO2 from offshore oil and gas production; supplying 32TWh of low carbon hydrogen annually - 12% of UK expected requirement; and generating more than 3GW of wind. The annual revenue generated by the project by 2050 would be around £5Bn per annum and provide sustainable employment, both locally and regionally, for 1750 people.
Techno-economic screening is currently underway, and several individual opportunities are undergoing concept and feasibility analysis.
The ORION project is transformational, on both a local and regional scale, positioning Shetland as one of the first green energy islands in the UK.
Validation of a Novel Floating Wind Turbine Simulation Tool via Benchmarking: Case Study of a Semi-Submersible Platform
Authors: Connolly Aengus John , O'Mahony Gerard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the validation of a novel floating wind turbine simulation tool based on an existing finite element offshore structural analysis solver that recently has been extended to simulate offshore wind turbines. Given the growing importance of offshore wind in the decarbonization strategy of many countries, and particularly the predicted exponential future growth in floating offshore wind, the requirement for validated numerical modelling tools to support detailed engineering design is now greater than ever. The tool combines a unique structural analysis solver incorporating a 3D hybrid beam-column element featuring fully-coupled axial, torsional and bending deformation modes, with the open-source aerodynamic modelling software FAST, to enable it to perform fully coupled aero-hydro-structural simulation of offshore wind turbines. The validation process focuses on a floating semi-submersible platform hosting a 5MW turbine, which is the reference model used in the international research project Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration Continuation (OC4). This is a code-to-code verification project sponsored by the International Energy Agency (IEA) which benchmarks a range of simulation codes for offshore wind turbine modelling. Beginning with fundamental test cases, such as static equilibrium, eigen-analysis, and free-decay simulations, the scenarios advance in complexity to include current loading, regular and random wave excitation, in conjunction with both steady and turbulent wind inflow. The new tool generates results which exhibit a close correlation with the OC4 benchmark data, thereby validating the numerical modelling approach. Although primarily focused on the semi-submersible, the validation programme also considers the same 5MW turbine hosted by a jacket substructure in shallower water, illustrating the versatility of the modelling tool to simulate fixed support structures in addition to floating. Given the scope of the validation effort, this paper presents a representative sample of results only. A more comprehensive report covering the other load cases can be provided to interested readers by the authors. This paper complements the research work undertaken in OC4, further substantiating its insights into the dynamic responses of floating offshore wind turbines. The new tool offers advantages for non-linear structural simulation via its innovative finite element solution technique, and detailed hydrodynamic modelling via its established and proven numerical models. The combination underlines the benefits of exploiting synergies between offshore oil and gas and offshore wind.
North Sea Horizontal Well with Multi-Zone Completion Sets World Record Using Acid Jetting Technology
Authors: Ritchie Barry , Elhassan Eyad Mohamed , Jørgensen Thomas , Solhaug Kristian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A new development well in the Halfdan Field, well HBB-05, was selected as a candidate for the first Multilateral Completion Stimulation Technology (MCST) installation in the Danish sector of the North Sea. Placed in a thinner part of the Ekofisk formation it was important that the well didn't communicate with the underlying Tor formation, which would reduce the recovery from both reservoirs. An alternative completion was sought that would enhance reservoir contact, while protecting reserves.
Halfdan is a laterally extensive field and comprises a high porosity (25% - 35%), low permeability (0.5 mD – 5 mD) chalk reservoir of Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) and Danian (0.1-1mD) (Lower Paleocene) age. The main field, located within the Maastrichtian Tor formation, is developed with long horizontal wells of 10,000 ft - 15,000 ft reservoir sections drilled in a parallel pattern of alternating oil production and water injection wells spaced 600 ft apart.
A multizone MCST was placed in a thin, layered chalk aiming for an increased effective well bore radius. The well consisted of a 4-½" liner with a new record number of subs placed in one well; 56 MCST subs. Each sub contained four needles at 90 degrees phasing capable of penetrating up to 40 ft. into the reservoir. The subs were placed in the distal 3,000ft horizontal section, beyond the reach of coiled tubing. The liner was installed on a work string starting at 16,820 ft.
First time usage of MCST offshore Denmark creates a potential game changer for carbonate reservoir productivity enhancement. Production improvement over conventional stimulation methods where the following challenges may be addressed: –Thin, layered chalk–Need for increased wellbore radius–Extended reach reservoir sections–Beyond the reach of coiled tubing
Floating Substations for Commercial-Scale Floating Windfarms
Authors: Jones Justin , Childs Ian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As floating wind farms move from pilot projects to commercial-scale installations they will move further offshore and into deeper water. There will be a requirement for offshore substations to deliver the electricity to shore, for which floating support structures will be the preferred solution. This paper describes the challenges and development of solutions for commercial-scale HVAC and HVDC floating offshore substations.
Two different floating substation concepts have been developed. Layouts for the electrical and ancillary equipment were initially developed, to enable efficient packaging and structural efficiency for the topsides. By integrating the hull and topsides, the overall mass of the structure is minimised, benefitting stability and reducing hull size. Hydrodynamic analysis of the substructures was performed and structural code checks on the hull and topsides were carried out in Sesam. Mooring designs for each structure for 250m water depth have been developed and analysed in Orcaflex.
It is likely that alternating current (HVAC) export to shore will be used for shorter transmission distances and direct current (HVDC) will be used for longer transmission distances. HVDC and HVAC floating substations will have quite different hull forms. The larger topsides footprint and greater mass of the HVDC conversion equipment make a conventional semi-submersible hull form efficient when allied to a stressed-skin topsides structure. The smaller footprint, lighter weight and differing requirements for protection from the elements of the HVAC topsides make this inefficient, so a deep draught semi-submersible with a hybrid topsides is the preferred solution.
It is concluded that floating substations suitable for large, commercial-scale wind farms will be the chosen solution for anything other than shallow water or close to shore.
Optimizing Casing Cut and Pull Operations Efficiency Using Ultrasonic Logging Data
Authors: Winther Tonje , Obando Palacio Guillermo Andres , Govil Amit 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thousands of wells will enter the plug and abandonment (P&A) phase across the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), either for permanent well abandonment or section abandonment with subsequent sidetracks. In the medium and long term, more wells will be added to follow the same path as exploration, drilling, and production continues.
The cost of abandonment operations demands improvement of how P&A operations are performed. A critical, and often time-consuming operation, of well or section abandonment is to cut and pull (C&P) some of the casing strings. Uncertainties about the status of the annular contents and the material within it, such as settled solids, contaminated cement, or well geometry might pose restraints that could hinder the C&P efficiency. The uncertainties may cause operations to deviate from the plan, increasing the time and the costs required.
New-generation ultrasonic tools, in combination with sonic tools, provide information about the annulus material with a detailed map of the axial and azimuthal variations of the annulus contents. The geometric position of the inner pipe can be determined relative to the outer casing or borehole using advanced measurements. Logging with ultrasonic and sonic tools is a noninvasive method that can increase the efficiency of C&P operations.
In this paper we discuss three case studies of wells ranging from 2 to 40 years old. Some of the wells have reached the end of their economic life and are now ready for permanent plug and abandonment (PP&A) or slot recovery. Each case is unique with different casing sizes being retrieved, along with varied annulus contents observed from ultrasonic and sonic log data. The innovative use of the data interpretation with advanced workflows decreased uncertainties about the annulus contents and enabled following an informed C&P strategy. In all three cases, the casing sections were retrieved without difficulties from the recommended depths of the analysis. Casing milling was performed in intervals where C&P was not supported by the data analysis.
Downhole Monitoring of Fractures in a Waterflood Development – Part 1
Authors: Kohli Abhinandan , Kelder Oscar , Volkov Maxim , Greiss Rita-Michel , Kudriavaya Natalia , Galyautdinov Albert 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
When an oilfield is exploited by simply producing oil and gas from a number of wells, the reservoir pressure in many circumstances drops quicker than normal impacting the production rates (Koning, 1988) and well performance.
To maintain the pressures in the oil producing formations, waterflooding enhancement method is implemented by the Operators. This is achieved by drilling injection wells or converting the oil producing wells into injectors. The injection wells are located at carefully selected points in the oilfield so that the water displaces as much oil as possible to the production wells before the water starts to break through. A significant saving in an oilfield development can be obtained by reducing the actual number of injecting wells and increasing each of the injector wells' capacity for injection. Balancing the injection and produced volumes often involves injecting at high pressures leading to the fracture of the reservoir rocks along a plane intersecting the wellbore. This happens when injection pressure overcomes the rock stress and its tensile strength, thereby creating an induced fracture network. With continuous injection, these fractures start propagating into the reservoir and may reach the reservoir caprock. Continuing to inject further in such a fracture system may breach the top seal integrity of the caprock leading to uncontrolled out of zone injection.
The study of evaluation of downhole fracture monitoring is divided into two parts. In this paper a downhole verification approach to identify the fracture initiation point(s) is the focus. It describes the planning, execution and interpretation of the downhole data. This includes spectral acoustic monitoring and modelling of the temperature responses to quantify the injectivity profile.
In paper (Kohli, Kelder, Volkov, Castelijns, & van Eijs, 2021), the direct business impact and regulatory requirements are discussed by further integration of acoustic monitoring and temperature modeling data with detailed results from downhole measurements of fracture dimensions by means of pressure fall off tests. Combined, both studies form the integrated approach that the Operator took to meet the regulatory requirements proving that the fracture network propagation remains within the reservoir and that the top seal integrity is maintained.
Financing Net Zero: Addressing Technology Risk for Financial Investments in the Energy Transition
Authors: Young John , Dawes Myrtle , Smith Andrew , Lake Keiren , Lawton Keith 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges that must be addressed to support the financing of novel technologies needed to achieve the United Kingdom's stated goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. It identifies practical steps that stakeholders providing investment funding, as well as technology developers can take to drive net zero outcomes. The paper represents the first time such a diverse group of independent industry professionals have come together to explore financing challenges associated with the Energy Transition.
Apart from the diversity of the authors backgrounds and expertise, a survey was conducted of 121 respondents from across the energy landscape while preparing this paper. The survey was launched to an international audience, however, respondents were largely from the oil and gas and renewable industries from both the UK and Europe.
The paper seeks to align investors in technological developments and will enable them to more accurately value the risks of novel technology deployment. This requires developers to present their solutions in a manner that investors can understand, and which enables financial risk to be more accurately aligned with the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) approach. Another critical element is making sure the rush to develop newer technologies to achieve Net Zero takes into account the right Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. The ultimate goal of the paper is to begin a dialogue that will eventually lead to a shift in the way that private and public institutions think about financing nascent technologies.
The Journey to Net Zero: Driving Down Emissions from Bp's North Sea Operations
Authors: Coupland Sam Peter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
bp's strategy sets out a decadeof delivery towards becoming a net zero company by 2050 (or sooner) with targets set for emissions from operations to fall by between 30-35% by 2030.
In pursuit of this, a North Sea carbonplan has been developed to identify, track, and deliver sustainable emission reductions (SERs) activities.
Proactive engagement has been essential in delivery of this plan, helping to empower colleagues to prioritize emissions reduction opportunities.
To date, the plan has identified more than 80 SERs across bp's North Seaportfolio and cumulatively reduced carbonemissions by more than 400,000 tonnes from offshore operations.
It is on track to reduce almost 70,000tonnes of carbon from operations in 2021 alone. Whilst it is recognised that this represents only part of bp's annual scope 1 emissions in the North Sea; this is a lasting operational improvement. The plan has also significantly reduced sources of unknown flare gas.
It also contributed to a 45% reduction in flare activity in 2020 vs 2019as well as achieving zero routine flaringon two of bp's major west of Shetland installations from October 2020
The plan has more deeply embedded emissions tracking in operations on and offshore and helped further improve working practices on flaring and energy efficiency in general.
Risk factors for acute brucellosis in patients on the day of admission at selected hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Laiba , Ali Shahzad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of ruminants. It causes severe health problems in humans and significant economic loss. Only a limited number of studies have been conducted in Pakistan to determine the prevalence of human brucellosis and related risk factors. The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in sera collected from symptomatic patients at three hospitals of Abbottabad using a commercial slide agglutination test (SAT) and to determine risk factors for brucellosis for these patients. Five hundred blood samples were collected. A questionnaire was filled in for each patient to obtain information on age, gender, living area, brucellosis associated symptoms, pregnancy and abortion history. A total of 13.6% (n=68) patients were found to be SAT positive and in 83.3% (n=57) of these samples Brucella DNA was detected by genus specific BCSP-31 gene using real time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to determine odd ratios, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P-values. The prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies was reported to be higher in women (14.6%, n=44) than in man (12.1%, n=24). The age group of 25-50 years was found to be at higher risk for brucellosis (14.5%, n=50). Animal contact was reported as the main risk associated factor followed by consumption of raw animal products. Thirteen pregnant women (9.9%) were found brucellosis positive. Of these, 23.8% (n=5) had an abortion history. The present study reports a striking prevalence of brucellosis among patients including pregnant women at three hospitals of Abbottabad. These findings may foster strategies for controlling human brucellosis at household level, raising of awareness about brucellosis in hospital and family doctors and finally in setting up an eradication program in the dairy industry.
Relationship of Muslim Religiosity and Death Anxiety with the Mediating Effect of Optimism and Depression Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Abbas Qasir , Kanwal Uzma , Saeed Wizra , Khan Muhammad Umar , Shahzadi Mafia , Faran Muhammad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Optimism and the practice of any religion are known to reduce depression and anxiety in cancer patients; however, in the present study, the specific role of Muslim religiosity, optimism, depression, and death anxiety in cancer patients has been explored. The sample of this study consists of 200 cancer patients from different hospitals of the districts Faisalabad and Lahore (Pakistan). The sample's average age was 26.6 years. Parallel mediation findings show that optimism and depression are significant mediators between Muslim religiosity and death anxiety among cancer patients. Muslim religiosity is positively associated with optimism, and it helps to decrease the level of death anxiety, while depression is negatively associated with Muslim religiosity, and high depression increases the death anxiety level of cancer patients. In conclusion, Muslim religiosity and optimism play significant roles in managing depressive symptoms and death anxiety among cancer patients.