bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the distribution and habitat suitability for aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) in Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Epps Clinton W. , Weldy Matthew J. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Spaan Robert S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCryptic, nocturnal or rare species pose a conservation challenge. Aardvarks (Orycteropus afer) occur across sub‐Saharan Africa, but local or regional distribution is frequently unclear. We investigated the habitat relationships of aardvarks within Kruger National Park, South Africa, using non‐invasive driving and walking surveys of aardvark sign. We used generalised linear and Maxent models in an exploratory analysis to evaluate our predictions that the distribution of suitable habitat would be influenced by elevation, vegetation productivity, potential termite activity, potential presence of large predators and amount of sand in the soils. We surveyed 1,786 km of roads and conducted 247 short walking surveys, detecting aardvark sign in 601 locations. Relative habitat use by aardvarks was positively correlated with elevation and vegetation productivity and was negatively correlated with surface water occurrence, suggesting that aardvarks avoided areas with high densities of predators, and favoured higher elevations and areas with greener vegetation. Mean annual rainfall, employed as an index of termite activity, was only weakly correlated with habitat suitability, and soil components had little predictive power. We generated predictive maps of aardvark habitat distribution within the Kruger National Park. Our sampling technique could be employed to investigate aardvark distribution and habitat relationships more broadly.
Denigrating Images of Migrant Workers in Two Chinese Soap Operas
Authors: Chu Qinghua , Bu Yu , Lu Zhixiu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe emergence of migrant workers is a unique phenomenon in the process of China's modernization. Since the “new era,” the shaping of this group’s image in film and television has not only revealed mainstream society’s general understanding and evaluation of the group, but has also, to some extent, led to an even deeper discrimination against this group in China. Based on an analysis of a group of trans‐provincial female migrant workers in the 10‐episode soap opera Migrant Working Girls on a Guangzhou TV station in 1991, and an analysis of two male migrant laborers working in a small town in the TV series Ma Dashuai, which premiered in 2004, this article shows how migrant‐worker‐themed film and TV productions further amplify discrimination against this already marginalized group. These programs disparage the mentality of Chinese peasants and their rural lifestyle. This is mainly achieved by magnifying the migrant‐worker characters’ defects, presenting the countryside as a place the characters need to escape from, and treating the city as their only possible salvation.
Movies and the Complexity of U.S. Racial Inequity
Authors: Giesen David 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThree movies from more than half a century ago continue to offer valuable insights into the problem of white supremacy in the United States. Pinky (1949) tells the story of a light‐skinned Black woman who has a chance to escape the torments of racism by “passing,” but she chooses instead to build a more just system one day at a time. Since whites also have the option of “passing” by taking white privilege as a right, this story still has the capacity to sting the conscience. Intruder in the Dust (1949) reminds us of the importance of economic equality as the foundation of a just society. Until all are granted equal shares of the “common wealth,” social and political equality will remain a mirage. Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner? (1969) conveyed the terrible message at the end of the Civil Rights Movement that integration was a scheme that allowed only a few token Blacks to achieve the desired level of wealth necessary to socialize with whites. Whereas Martin Luther King, Jr. shifted his emphasis to economic equity in his final years, white Americans never fully grasped that civil rights depend on a distribution of wealth that would compensate for an unpaid debt to those who worked for centuries without reward. Instead, white America is still preparing a “dinner” that serves little more than symbols of equality.
Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with uncontrolled severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and a clinical diagnosis of NSAID‐ERD: Results from two randomized placebo‐controlled phase 3 trials
Authors: Mullol Joaquim , Laidlaw Tanya M. , Bachert Claus , Mannent Leda P. , Canonica G. Walter , Han Joseph K. , Maspero Jorge F. , Picado Cesar , Daizadeh Nadia , Ortiz Benjamin , Li Yongtao , Ruddy Marcella , Laws Elizabeth , Amin Nikhil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbout one‐tenth of patients with difficult‐to‐treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have comorbid non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NSAID‐ERD). Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13 receptor component, is an approved add‐on treatment in severe CRSwNP. This post hoc analysis evaluated dupilumab efficacy and safety in patients with CRSwNP with/without NSAID‐ERD.MethodsData were pooled from the phase 3 SINUS‐24 and SINUS‐52 studies in adults with uncontrolled severe CRSwNP who received dupilumab 300 mg or placebo every 2 weeks. CRSwNP, nasal airflow, lung function, and asthma control outcomes at Week 24 were evaluated, and treatment–subgroup interactions were assessed for patients with and without NSAID‐ERD.ResultsOf 724 patients, 204 (28.2%) had a diagnosis of NSAID‐ERD. At Week 24, least squares mean treatment differences demonstrated significant improvements in nasal polyp score, nasal congestion (NC), Lund–Mackay computed tomography, 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), Total Symptom Score (TSS), rhinosinusitis severity visual analog scale, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), six‐item Asthma Control Questionnaire score, and improvement in smell with dupilumab versus placebo (all p < .0001) in patients with NSAID‐ERD. Treatment comparisons demonstrated significantly greater improvements with dupilumab in patients with versus without NSAID‐ERD for NC (p = .0044), SNOT‐22 (p = .0313), TSS (p = .0425), and PNIF (p = .0123).ConclusionsIn patients with uncontrolled severe CRSwNP, dupilumab significantly improved objective measures and patient‐reported symptoms to a greater extent in the presence of comorbid NSAID‐ERD than without. Dupilumab was well tolerated in patients with/without NSAID‐ERD.
Ecologies of capture in Bangladesh's Sundarbans
Authors: CONS JASON 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTWhat is the relationship between climate change and criminal predation? Bangladesh's Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest, has, over the past decade, emerged as a climate frontier. It is a space viewed not only as a climate hot spot but also as a zone where control and opportunity emerge out of friction between long‐standing political economies, new conservation interventions, and the materialities of the mangrove forest. Concomitantly, those who work in the Sundarbans have reported a dramatic increase in banditry and kidnapping. This article proposes the concept of an “ecology of capture” to chart the articulations between such kidnappings and other attempts to control rents, resources, and territory. Seen through the lens of capture, the Sundarbans highlights how the global rush to secure climate hot spots against degradation and displacement produces new configurations of expropriation and exploitation. [climate change, piracy, capture, conservation, Sundarbans, Bangladesh]
Prehospital barriers for rural New Zealand parents in paediatric appendicitis: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Elliott Brodie M. , Bissett Ian P. , Harmston Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is the most common reason children undergo emergency general surgery. Worse appendicitis outcomes have been demonstrated in rural, lower socioeconomic, and indigenous populations. These findings are hypothesised to be a result of differential access and delay in presentation to hospital. However, no qualitative study has investigated why prehospital delay may exist.MethodsWe conducted individual, semi‐structured interviews with the parents of 11 rural children who presented with acute appendicitis between June 2019–January 2020. Utilising grounded theory methodology, we created an exploratory framework.ResultsParticipating families travelled a mean distance of 50.4 km to access hospital, and the median prehospital symptom duration was 42 h. Families with reduced financial or social resources were more likely to ‘watch and wait’ due to the increased relative burden of access. Key considerations were travel, organising childcare and parental income loss in a rural environment. Structural healthcare barriers further dissuaded prompt access and subsequent engagement. These included poor cultural safety, maldistribution of rural health services, and contradictory public health messages. Several families sought informal community‐based health advice to mitigate these barriers, leading to earlier hospital presentation.ConclusionPrehospital delay in rural families occurred most frequently due to an extended decision‐making phase where families evaluated the costs and benefits of accessing hospital‐level care. The utilisation of informal community expertise and whānau advocacy helped circumvent reduced access to health facilities. Cultural safety remains problematic and hinders engagement with Māori families.
Drop Rawls?
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBusiness ethicists disagree on whether John Rawls’s political philosophy can be applied to their questions and concerns. They concur, however, that, if warranted, such an application of his theory would be highly instructive for the field. This article scrutinizes that assumption. The paper examines to what extent a normative import of Rawls’s philosophy into business ethics would indeed render adequate results. Highlighting shortcomings of Rawls in regard to several pressing concerns of contemporary business ethics, the paper ponders whether, for purposes of normative guidance and conceptual orientation, Rawls’s theory can meet the expectations that its adherents foster.
Contextual bias, the democratization of healthcare, and medical artificial intelligence in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Weissglass Daniel E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMedical artificial intelligence (MAI) creates an opportunity to radically expand access to healthcare across the globe by allowing us to overcome the persistent labor shortages that limit healthcare access. This democratization of healthcare is the greatest moral promise of MAI. Whatever comes of the enthusiastic discourse about the ability of MAI to improve the state‐of‐the‐art in high‐income countries (HICs), it will be far less impactful than improving the desperate state‐of‐the‐actual in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, the almost exclusive development of MAI in HICs risks this promise being thwarted by contextual bias, an algorithmic bias that arises when the context of the training data is significantly dissimilar from potential contexts of application, which makes the unreflective application of HIC‐based MAI in LMIC contexts dangerous. The use of MAI in LMICs demands careful attention to context. In this paper, I aim to provide that attention. First, I illustrate the dire state of healthcare in LMICs and the hope that MAI may help us to improve this state. Next, I show that the radical differences between the health contexts of HICs and those of LMICs create an extraordinary risk of contextual bias. Then, I explore ethical challenges raised by this risk, and propose policies that will help to overcome those challenges. Finally, I sketch a wide range of related issues that need to be addressed to ensure that MAI has a positive impact on LMICs—and is able to improve, rather than worsen, global health equity.
The STING antagonist H‐151 ameliorates psoriasis via suppression of STING/NF‐κB‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Pan Yanhong , You Yanping , Sun Li , Sui Qibang , Liu Liu , Yuan Haoliang , Chen Caiping , Liu Jun , Wen Xiaoan , Dai Liang , Sun Hongbin 
Published: August 2021

Background and PurposePsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with both innate and adaptive immune responses. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein engages in sensing of cytosolic DNA to initiate dsDNA‐driven immune responses. In vitro and in vivo anti‐psoriasis effects of STING antagonist H‐151 were explored.Experimental ApproachWe analysed the gene expression profile of STING and related downstream targets in the skin samples of healthy people and psoriasis patients from the GEO database. Cellular inhibitory activity of H‐151 on STING pathway was confirmed via qPCR and western blotting. The preventive effect of topical application of H‐151 on imiquimod‐induced psoriatic mice was examined through histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent, flow cytometric analysis, ELISA Kits and other approaches. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also performed.Key ResultsGene expressions of STING and its downstream target were up‐regulated in lesional skin samples from psoriasis patients. Topical administration of H‐151 attenuated the skin lesions in imiquimod‐induced psoriatic mouse model, while the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐17, IL‐23 and IL‐6), infiltration of M1 macrophages and differentiation of Th17 cells were significantly suppressed by H‐151 treatment. Mechanistically, H‐151 inhibited STING/NF‐κB signalling in both keratinocytes and immune cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsH‐151 displayed anti‐inflammatory activity in both keratinocytes and immune cells, and decreased the severity of psoriatic response in vivo. Inhibition of STING signalling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to psoriasis and related complications.
Tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the offshore western Niger Delta from the Cretaceous to present: Implications of delta dynamics and paleo‐topography on gravity‐driven deformation
Authors: Chima Kelvin Ikenna , Granjeon Didier , Couto Damien Do , Leroux Estelle , Gorini Christian , Rabineau Marina , Letouzey Jean , Hoggmascall Nick , Glukstad Miguel‐Mora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe interaction between sedimentary wedge dynamics and paleo‐fracture zones is investigated offshore western Niger Delta lobe (WNDL) to reconstruct the evolution of the delta from the Cretaceous to present. This was achieved through detailed regional seismic interpretation, calibrated with well data. Our results suggest that high sedimentation rates in the WNDL since the Serravallian–Tortonian triggered the migration of the ‘Oligocene‐Tortonian extensional zone’ and gravity spreading seawards (from a present‐day onshore to a present‐day offshore position), with extensional, translational and contractional deformation. An additional increase in sedimentation rate since the early Pliocene, further accelerated gravity spreading and the development of the present‐day contractional front. A five‐stage tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the offshore WNDL from the late Cretaceous to present is proposed. Paleo‐topographies formed by the Charcot and Chain Fracture Zones exerted depositional control on the stratigraphic architecture of the offshore WNDL from the Cretaceous to Serravallian. Differential subsidence on both sides of the relict Charcot and Chain transform faults is responsible for the segmentation of gravity‐driven deformation of the eastern and western Niger Delta lobes. In addition, a comparison of the stratigraphic architecture of the eastern Niger Delta lobe (ENDL) and WNDL demonstrates a similar overall progradation and sediment bypass to the deep basin during the Pliocene. During the Pleistocene, the two lobes show a distinct evolution and architecture: the ENDL shows an overall retrogradation and sediment sequestration on the shelf, whereas the WNDL displays an overall progradation and sediment bypass. This study documents long‐term and large‐scale control of delta dynamics and paleo‐topography on gravity‐driven deformation of the offshore eastern and western Niger Delta lobes, and similar analysis could be applied in the reconstruction of other passive margin basins.
Toddlers' Emotional Overregulation: Relations With Infant Temperament and Family Emotional Climate
Authors: DeMartini Sarah E. , Gallegos Martin I. , Jacobvitz Deborah B. , Hazen Nancy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article is to examine the development of toddlers' overregulated emotions in relation to temperament, as well as to family hostile and emotionally disengaged emotional climates.BackgroundToddlerhood is a time in which children have developed consistent, characteristic strategies for coping with their negative emotions. Temperament plays an important role in the development of emotion regulation strategies. Overregulated emotions are understudied and characterized by children's flat or suppressed affect.MethodThe present study examined mothers' reports of infant temperament assessed at 6 weeks of age and observations of hostile and emotionally disengaged family interactions in relation to observed toddlers' emotional overregulation gathered at 24 months of age. Families (N = 108) were videotaped while interacting in four separate family subsystems. The marital, mother–child, father–child, and whole family subsystems were observationally coded for overt hostility and disengagement. Toddlers were separately observed and coded for overregulation.ResultsInfants with temperaments low in net negative reactivity who experienced disengaged family interactions at 24 months showed the greatest overregulation.ConclusionsTaken together, the results suggest that the way toddlers respond to a disengaged family emotional environment may depend at least in part on temperament assessed at infancy. Findings support the suggestion that overregulation is a unique type of emotional dysregulation and that it should continue to be examined in relation to family subsystems.ImplicationsThis work emphasizes the importance of clinicians examining emotional disengagement within multiple family subsystems and the importance of not overlooking overregulated toddlers compared with underregulated children.
SCHILLER GOES TRANSNATIONAL: JULIE PAUCKER AND ROBERT SCHUSTER'S ‘MALALAI – DIE AFGHANISCHE JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS’ (2017)
Authors: Böcking Cordula 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on Julie Paucker and Robert Schuster's ‘MALALAI – Die afghanische Jungfrau von Orléans’ (2017), paying special attention to the constructions and contestations of gender and nation in this recent re‐working of Schiller's Die Jungfrau von Orleans (1801). Paucker radically re‐configures Schiller's play, whose engagement with the concept of nation allowed subsequent interpretations to view it as a nationalist text depicting a symbolic figure for a German nation that did not as yet exist, by centring on nineteenth‐century Afghan folk hero Malalai of Maiwand and placing her in dialogue with her Franco‐German counterpart. Set against past and present conflict in Afghanistan, migration to Europe, and the ‘refugee crisis’ in Germany, ‘MALALAI’ engages two geographically and culturally disparate myths. Whilst Paucker's version of Schiller's text elaborates an intertextual negotiation with the past, her transnational adaptation of a national narrative undermines and transcends the nationalism and Eurocentrism which have marked much of modern Jeanne d'Arc‐reception to date. Through its multilingual and multinational politics of performance, ‘MALALAI’ resists re‐writing Schiller's Jungfrau as an example of a major literature, positing instead a centre/periphery shift as a way of attending to historical and political development on a global level.
Could the Ancestral Puebloans of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Have Depended on a Groundwater Ecosystem?
Authors: Short Henry L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA thousand years ago, a population of Ancestral Puebloans occupied a high desert canyon in northwestern New Mexico, USA, where precipitation was limited and surface water scarce. Geological conditions, however, seem favorable for the production of a large Hypocrene springs system near the south canyon walls sufficient to have produced a groundwater ecosystem favorable for agriculture, tree growth, and human occupancy. A human‐induced ecological impact is suggested as contributing to the dewatering of the springs, eventually reducing local agricultural production and, presumably, the suitability of Chaco Canyon for human occupancy.
An iterative approach to promoting departmental wellbeing during COVID‐19
Authors: Acai Anita , Gonzalez Andrea , Saperson Karen ,   on behalf of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences COVID‐19 Wellness Working Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesAddressing wellbeing among learners, faculty, and staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic is a challenge for many clinical departments. Continued and systemic supports are needed to combat the pandemic's impact on mental health and wellbeing. This article describes an iterative approach to conducting a needs assessment and implementing a COVID‐19‐related wellness initiative in a psychiatry department.MethodsDevelopment of the initiative followed the Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) quality improvement cycle and was informed by Shanafelt and colleagues' framework for supporting healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Key features included the establishment of a Wellness Working Group, the curation of relevant resources on the Department's website, and the deployment of regular, monthly surveys that informed the creation of further supports, such as a weekly online drop‐in support group.ResultsSurvey response rates ranged from 22% to 32% (n = 90‐127) throughout our initiative. Across multiple surveys, approximately 80% of respondents reported feeling supported or very supported by the Department, and 90% were satisfied or very satisfied with the quantity and quality of information provided. Our support group and resources page were accessed by nearly one‐quarter and one‐third of respondents, respectively, with satisfaction rates of 81% or higher. Consistent with the Department's mandate, ensuring equity was a key focus of the Working Group throughout its operations.ConclusionsThere is potential for this model to be scaled to create a faculty‐wide, institution‐wide, or regional approach to addressing wellbeing. Other departments may also wish to adopt similar approaches to supporting their members during this challenging time.