bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position paper of the EACVI and EANM on artificial intelligence applications in multimodality cardiovascular imaging using SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and cardiac CT
Authors: Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Williams Michelle C. , Juarez-Orozco Luis Eduardo , Rischpler Christoph , Dweck Marc R. , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Gimelli Alessia , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Gheysens Olivier , Gaemperli Oliver , Habib Gilbert , Hustinx Roland , Cosyns Bernard , Verberne Hein J. , Hyafil Fabien , Erba Paola A. , Lubberink Mark , Slomka Piotr , Išgum Ivana , Visvikis Dimitris , Kolossváry Márton , Saraste Antti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn daily clinical practice, clinicians integrate available data to ascertain the diagnostic and prognostic probability of a disease or clinical outcome for their patients. For patients with suspected or known cardiovascular disease, several anatomical and functional imaging techniques are commonly performed to aid this endeavor, including coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and nuclear cardiology imaging. Continuous improvement in positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and CT hardware and software has resulted in improved diagnostic performance and wide implementation of these imaging techniques in daily clinical practice. However, the human ability to interpret, quantify, and integrate these data sets is limited. The identification of novel markers and application of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including deep learning (DL) to cardiovascular imaging techniques will further improve diagnosis and prognostication for patients with cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this position paper of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is to provide an overview of the general concepts behind modern machine learning-based artificial intelligence, highlights currently prefered methods, practices, and computational models, and proposes new strategies to support the clinical application of ML in the field of cardiovascular imaging using nuclear cardiology (hybrid) and CT techniques.
Crohn’s disease: a population-based study of surgery in the age of biological therapy
Authors: Stöss Christian , Berlet Maximilian , Reischl Stefan , Nitsche Ulrich , Weber Marie-Christin , Friess Helmut , Wilhelm Dirk , Neumann Philipp-Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Despite primary conservative therapy for Crohn’s disease, a considerable proportion of patients ultimately needs to undergo surgery. Presumably, due to the increased use of biologics, the number of surgeries might have decreased. This study aimed to delineate current case numbers and trends in surgery in the era of biological therapy for Crohn’s disease.

Methods
Nationwide standardized hospital discharge data (diagnosis-related groups statistics) from 2010 to 2017 were used. All patients who were admitted as inpatient Crohn’s disease cases in Germany were included. Time-related development of admission numbers, rate of surgery, morbidity, and mortality of inpatient Crohn’s disease cases were analyzed.

Results
A total number of 201,165 Crohn’s disease cases were included. Within the analyzed time period, the total number of hospital admissions increased by 10.6% (n = 23,301 vs. 26,069). While gender and age distribution remained comparable, patients with comorbidities such as stenosis formation (2010: 10.1%, 2017: 13.4%) or malnutrition (2010: 0.8%, 2017: 3.2%) were increasingly admitted. The total number of all analyzed operations for Crohn’s disease increased by 7.5% (2010: n = 1567; 2017: n = 1694). On average, 6.8 ± 0.2% of all inpatient patients received ileocolonic resections. Procedures have increasingly been performed minimally invasive (2010: n = 353; 2017: n = 687). The number of postoperative complications remained low.

Conclusion
Despite the development of novel immunotherapeutics, the number of patients requiring surgery for Crohn’s disease remains stable. Interestingly, patients have been increasingly hospitalized with stenosis and malnutrition. The trend towards more minimally invasive operations has not relevantly changed the rate of overall complications.
Structural MRI substrate of long-duration response to levodopa in Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory study
Authors: Donzuso Giulia , Sciacca Giorgia , Rascunà Cristina , Cicero Calogero E. , Mostile Giovanni , Nicoletti Alessandra , Zappia Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
The long-duration response (LDR) to L-dopa is a sustained benefit deriving from chronic administration of therapy to patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Almost all patients with early PD may develop the LDR to L-dopa, even if some patients could not at given dosages of the drug. Aim of this exploratory study is to investigate whether a neuroanatomical substrate may underlie the development of the of LDR using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis.

Methods
Twenty-four drug-naïve PD patients were enrolled and underwent a baseline 3D T1-weighted structural brain MRI. Then, a treatment with 250/25 mg of L-dopa/carbidopa every 24 h was started and, after 2 weeks, LDR was evaluated by movement time recordings.

Results
After 2 weeks of continuative therapy, 15 patients (62.5%) showed a sustained LDR (LDR +), while nine patients (37.5%) did not develop a sustained LDR (LDR −). VBM analysis on MRI executed before treatment showed changes of gray matter in precentral and middle frontal gyri in patients subsequently developing a sustained LDR with respect to those patients who will not achieve LDR.

Conclusions
Parkinsonian patients who will develop a LDR to L-dopa may present, before starting treatment, peculiar structural conditions in cortical areas involved in motor control. Our exploratory study suggests that some cortical structural changes may predispose individual patients for developing the LDR to L-dopa.
Two generalized Tricomi equations
Authors: Paronetto Fabio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this note we give existence results for the generalized Tricomi equations$${\mathcal {R}}u'' + {\mathcal {B}}u = f$$Ru′′+Bu=fand$$({\mathcal {R}}u')' + {\mathcal {B}}u = f$$(Ru′)′+Bu=fwith suitable boundary data where$${\mathcal {R}}$$Rmay be an operator (or a function) depending also on time assuming positive, null and negative sign, while$${\mathcal {B}}$$Bis an elliptic operator. To do that we also extend a result for equations like$$({\mathcal {R}}u')' + {\mathcal {A}}u' + {\mathcal {B}}u = f$$(Ru′)′+Au′+Bu=fto equations like$${\mathcal {R}}u'' + {\mathcal {A}}u' + {\mathcal {B}}u = f$$Ru′′+Au′+Bu=fand use these to derive the existence for the generalised Tricomi type equations mentioned above.
Middle and Late Devonian paleogeography of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco)
Authors: Wendt Jobst 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco represents one of the most completely exposed and perfectly documented biostratigraphic records of the entire Devonian worldwide. Paleogeographically it is clearly differentiated into shallow basins, pelagic platforms, and land areas which are newly defined and illustrated, one from the top of the Middle Devonian, the other from the middle Famennian as two of the most characteristic intervals. The dominant paleogeographic feature is the T-shaped Tafilalt Platform which, in spite of common unconformities and hiatuses, provides the best-documented biostratigraphic record through the entire Devonian. The westernmost termination of this platform was emerged during most of the Devonian (and locally even earlier) and became only flooded again by the Tournaisian transgression. In contrast to previous interpretations, this area is considered as autochthonous. In the Mader Basin subsidence was up to one hundred times higher with respect to the adjacent platforms, but water depth during the Middle Devonian to middle Famennian interval generally remained above storm-wave base. Devonian rocks are only patchily and incompletely preserved on the Mader Platform, which can be considered as an intermittently flooded peninsula connected to the Lower Paleozoic farther west. The major paleotectonic element of the entire area is the Great Anti-Atlas Fault, a sinistral strike-slip fault, which sharply confines the above-mentioned realms in the south.
The importance of genetic testing for dystonia patients and translational research
Authors: Pozojevic Jelena , Beetz Christian , Westenberger Ana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGenetic testing through a variety of methods is a fundamental but underutilized approach for establishing the precise genetic diagnosis in patients with heritable forms of dystonia. Our knowledge of numerous dystonia-related genes, variants that they may contain, associated clinical presentations, and molecular disease mechanism may have significant translational potential for patients with genetically confirmed dystonia or their family members. Importantly, genetic testing permits the assembly of patient cohorts pertinent for dystonia-related research and developing therapeutics. Here we review the genetic testing approaches relevant to dystonia patients, and summarize and illustrate the multifold benefits of establishing an accurate molecular diagnosis for patients imminently or for translational research in the long run.
Stormwater harvesting in ephemeral streams: how to bypass clogging and unsaturated layers
Authors: Henao Casas José D. , Kalwa Fritz , Walther Marc , Rausch Randolf 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo cope with water scarcity in drylands, stormwater is often collected in surface basins and subsequently stored in shallow aquifers via infiltration. These stormwater harvesting systems are often accompanied by high evaporation rates and hygiene problems. This is commonly a consequence of low infiltration rates, which are caused by clogging layers that form on top of the soil profile and the presence of a thick vadose zone. The present study aims to develop a conceptual solution to increase groundwater recharge rates in stormwater harvesting systems. The efficiency of vadose-zone wells and infiltration trenches is tested using analytical equations, numerical models, and sensitivity analyses. Dams built in the channel of ephemeral streams (wadis) are selected as a study case to construct the numerical simulations. The modelling demonstrated that vadose-zone wells and infiltration trenches contribute to effective bypassing of the clogging layer. By implementing these solutions, recharge begins 2250–8100% faster than via infiltration from the bed surface of the wadi reservoir. The sensitivity analysis showed that the recharge rates are especially responsive to well length and trench depth. In terms of recharge quantity, the well had the best performance; it can infiltrate up to 1642% more water than the reservoir, and between 336 and 825% more than the trench. Moreover, the well can yield the highest cumulative recharge per dollar and high recharge rates when there are limitations to the available area. The methods investigated here significantly increased recharge rates, providing practical solutions to enhance aquifer water storage in drylands.
Wirtschaftspolitik des Deutschen Reichs ab 1871 — Lehren für die heutige Zeit?
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Deutsche Reich feiert 2021 seinen 150. Geburtstag. Die Reichsgründung fiel in die zweite Phase der Industrialisierung, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts begann und sich zunehmend beschleunigte. Anlässlich des diesjährigen Jubiläums widmen sich die Autoren bedeutenden wirtschaftlichen und wirtschaftspolitischen Entwicklungen jener Zeit. Im Fokus stehen dabei institutionelle Errungenschaften, die erste Globalisierung, die Effekte von Investitionen in die öffentliche Infrastruktur wie Eisenbahnbau und Bildung sowie die Sozialversicherung und deren Einfluss auf den demografischen Wandel. Diese wirtschaftshistorischen Betrachtungen liefern nicht nur einen Erkenntnisgewinn zum Deutschen Reich, es können zudem Lehren für die heutige Zeit gezogen werden.
Die Verteilung der Steuer- und Abgabenlast
Authors: Isaak Niklas , Jäger Philipp , Jessen Robin 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer Querschnittsanalyse wird die Steuer- und Abgabenlast in Deutschland auf Haushaltsebene für 2018 untersucht. Neben der Belastung nach Haushaltseinkommen wird die Belastung nach der Konsumhöhe betrachtet. Schließlich wird der Beitrag unterschiedlicher Einkommensgruppen zur Staatsfinanzierung dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die durchschnittliche Abgabenquote 40 % bei einem Bruttoeinkommen von 24.000 Euro beträgt. Bei einem Einkommen von 80.000 Euro steigt die Quote auf über 50 %.
Convex combination of alternating projection and Douglas–Rachford operators for phase retrieval
Authors: Thao Nguyen Hieu , Soloviev Oleg , Verhaegen Michel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present the convergence analysis of convex combination of the alternating projection and Douglas–Rachford operators for solving the phase retrieval problem. New convergence criteria for iterations generated by the algorithm are established by applying various schemes of numerical analysis and exploring both physical and mathematical characteristics of the phase retrieval problem. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the algorithm over the other widely known projection methods in practically relevant simulations.
Associations Between Patterns of Alcohol Use and Viral Load Suppression Amongst Women Living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Myers B. , Lombard C. , Joska J. A. , Abdullah F. , Naledi T. , Lund C. , Petersen Williams P. , Stein D. J. , Sorsdahl K. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to identify alcohol use patterns associated with viral non-suppression among women living with HIV (WLWH) and the extent to which adherence mediated these relationships. Baseline data on covariates, alcohol consumption, ART adherence, and viral load were collected from 608 WLWH on ART living in the Western Cape, South Africa. We defined three consumption patterns: no/light drinking (drinking ≤ 1/week and ≤ 4 drinks/occasion), occasional heavy episodic drinking (HED) (drinking > 1 and ≤ 2/week and ≥ 5 drinks/occasion) and frequent HED (drinking ≥ 3 times/week and ≥ 5 drinks/occasion). In multivariable analyses, occasional HED (OR 3.07, 95% CI 1.78–5.30) and frequent HED (OR 7.11, 95% CI 4.24–11.92) were associated with suboptimal adherence. Frequent HED was associated with viral non-suppression (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.30–3.28). Suboptimal adherence partially mediated the relationship between frequent HED and viral non-suppression. Findings suggest a direct relationship between frequency of HED and viral suppression. Given the mediating effects of adherence on this relationship, alcohol interventions should be tailored to frequency of HED while also addressing adherence.
Climate scientists set the bar of proof too high
Authors: Lloyd Elisabeth A. , Oreskes Naomi , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Larson Edward J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStandards of proof for attributing real world events/damage to global warming should be the same as in clinical or environmental lawsuits, argue Lloyd et al. The central question that we raise is effective communication. How can climate scientists best and effectively communicate their findings to crucial non-expert audiences, including public policy makers and civil society? To address this question, we look at the mismatch between what courts require and what climate scientists are setting as a bar of proof. Our first point is that scientists typically demand too much of themselves in terms of evidence, in comparison with the level of evidence required in a legal, regulatory, or public policy context. Our second point is to recommend that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommend more prominently the use of the category “more likely than not” as a level of proof in their reports, as this corresponds to the standard of proof most frequently required in civil court rooms. This has also implications for public policy and the public communication of climate evidence.
Altered Spectrum of Lymphoid Neoplasms in a Single-Center Cohort of Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Immune Dysregulation
Authors: Wehr Claudia , Houet Leonora , Unger Susanne , Kindle Gerhard , Goldacker Sigune , Grimbacher Bodo , Caballero Garcia de Oteyza Andrés , Marks Reinhard , Pfeifer Dietmar , Nieters Alexandra , Proietti Michele , Warnatz Klaus , Schmitt-Graeff Annette 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID) confers an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasms, but reports describing the precise WHO specification of the lymphoma subtypes and their immunological environment are lacking. We therefore classified lymphomas—occurring in a cohort of 21 adult CVID patients during a 17-year period at our center—according to the 2016 WHO classification and characterized the local and systemic immunological context

Results
The median time between the onset of CVID and lymphoma was 14 years. Patients showed a high prevalence of preceding immune dysregulation: lymphadenopathy (n = 13, 62%), splenomegaly (n = 18, 86%), autoimmune cytopenia (n = 14, 67%), and gastrointestinal involvement (n = 15, 71%). The entities comprised extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (n = 6), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n = 7), plasmablastic lymphoma (n = 1), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 4, including three cases with germline CTLA4 mutations), T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), and peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (n = 1), but no follicular lymphoma. An Epstein-Barr virus association was documented in eight of 16 investigated lymphomas. High expression of PDL1 by tumor cells in five and of PDL1 and PD1 by tumor-infiltrating macrophages and T cells in 12 of 12 investigated lymphomas suggested a tolerogenic immunological tumor environment.

Conclusion
In summary, a diverse combination of specific factors like genetic background, chronic immune activation, viral trigger, and impaired immune surveillance contributes to the observed spectrum of lymphomas in CVID. In the future, targeted therapies, e.g., PD1/PDL1 inhibitors in CVID associated lymphomas with a tolerogenic environment may improve therapy outcome.
Reflective Writing about Near-Peer Blogs: A Novel Method for Introducing the Medical Humanities in Premedical Education
Authors: Bracken Rachel Conrad , Major Ajay , Paul Aleena , Ostherr Kirsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNarrative analysis, creative writing, and interactive reflective writing have been identified as valuable for professional identity formation and resilience among medical and premedical students alike. This study proposes that medical student blogs are novel pedagogical tools for fostering peer-to-peer learning in academic medicine and are currently underutilized as a near-peer resource for premedical students to learn about the medical profession. To evaluate the pedagogical utility of medical student blogs for introducing core themes in the medical humanities, the authors conducted qualitative analysis of one hundred seventy-six reflective essays by baccalaureate premedical students written in response to medical student-authored narrative blog posts. Using an iterative thematic approach, the authors identified common patterns in the reflective essays, distilled major themes, coded the essays, and conducted narrative analysis through close reading. Qualitative analysis identified three core themes (empathic conflict, bias in healthcare, and the humanity of medicine) and one overarching theme (near-peer affinities). The premedical students’ essays demonstrated significant self-reflection in response to near-peer works, discussed their perceptions of medical professionalism, and expressed concerns about their future progress through the medical education system. The essays consistently attributed the impact of the medical student narratives to the authors’ status as near-peers. The authors conclude that reading and engaging in reflective writing about near-peer blog posts encourages premedical students to develop an understanding of core concepts in the medical humanities and promotes their reflection on the profession of medicine. Thus, incorporating online blogs written by medical trainees as narrative works in medical humanities classrooms is a novel pedagogical method for fostering peer-to-peer learning in academic medicine.
Boundaries Crossed and Boundaries Made: The Productive Tension Between Learning and Influence in Transformative Networks
Authors: Risien Julie , Goldstein Bruce Evan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present an in-depth case study of a learning network that aims to transform infrastructure and practice across the research enterprise to advance societal impacts. The theory of social morphogenesis guides our processual qualitative analysis of the network. We describe how different types of boundary work, both building and navigating across boundaries, operate in tension while contributing to transformative capacity. We conclude that learning networks can play a robust role in fostering transformation by drawing together and holding together forces which expand knowledge and authority over time iteratively and recursively. In addition to this theoretical contribution, we provide practical guidance for how network leaders can dynamically manage boundaries, shifting emphasis between strength and fluidity to support transformative change across sites and scales.
Duplex high resolution melting analysis (dHRMA) to detect two hot spot CYP24A1 pathogenic variants (PVs) associated to idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH)
Authors: De Bonis Maria , De Paolis Elisa , Onori Maria Elisabetta , Mazzuccato Giorgia , Gatto Antonio , Ferrara Pietro , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Urbani Andrea , Minucci Angelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPathogenic variants (PVs) in CYP24A1 gene are associated with Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia disease (IIH). The identification of CYP24A1 PVs can be a useful tool for the improvement of target therapeutic strategies. Aim of this study is to set up a rapid and inexpensive High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA)-based method for the simultaneous genotyping of two hot spot PVs in CYP24A1 gene, involved in IIH. A duplex-HRMA (dHRMA) was designed in order to detect simultaneously CYP24A1 c.428_430delAAG, p.(Glu143del) (rs777676129) and c.1186C > T, p.(Arg396Trp) (rs114368325), in peculiar cases addressed to our Laboratory. dHRMA was able to identify clearly and simultaneously both hot spot CYP24A1 PVs evaluating melting curve shape and melting temperature (Tm). This is the first dHRMA approach to rapidly screen the two most frequent CYP24A1 PVs in peculiar case, providing useful information for diagnosis and patient management in IIH disease.