bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactants with Polar Head Groups Containing 2‐Hydroxypropyl Moieties
Authors: Bai Yun , Pu Chunsheng , Liu Shuai , Gao Xiang , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to comprehend in‐depth the effect of the surfactant structure on its and physicochemical properties such as surface/interfacial properties, foam stability, wettability, and biodegradability. To this end, quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl‐α,ω‐bis[(2‐hydroxypropyl)dodecylammonium] dibromide (abbreviated as Cm‐n‐Cm[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 with m = 12, 14 and n = 2, 3, 4) were synthesized via substitution and quaternization reactions, and their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopies. The results showed that with the decrease of the spacer length, the surface tension was reduced more strongly, and with the increase of the alkyl tail length, micelles were more easily formed. Besides, the highest surface activity of C14‐2‐C14[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 was observed by increasing NaCl concentration to 200 g L−1. The temperature had a great influence on thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption and micellization. The interfacial tension between 0.26 g L−1 C14‐2‐C14[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 solution and oil could reach 0.022 mN m−1. An elongation of the spacer chain in C14‐n‐C14[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 was unfavorable to foam stability. Besides, the oil‐wetted core, which was aged in 0.6 g L−1 C14‐2‐C14[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 solution, exhibited more hydrophilicity. Cm‐n‐Cm[iso‐Pr(OH)]2 surfactants produced higher biodegradable rates in river water (≥ 90% after 28 days) than the biodegradable surfactant of international recommendation (71% after 28 days) at 30  °C.
Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds of Melipona seminigra pot‐pollen from Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Rebelo Kemilla S , Cazarin Cinthia BB , Iglesias Amadeu H , Stahl Marcella A , Kristiansen Karsten , Carvalho‐Zilse Gislene A , Grimaldi Renato , Reyes Felix GR , Danneskiold‐Samsøe Niels B , Júnior Mário RM 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPot‐pollen is a fermented product stored by stingless bees in cerumen pots and traditionally used as food or medicine by natives in tropical regions. Knowledge of pot‐pollen composition from the Amazon region is important to strengthen the breeding of native bees and consequently contribute to sustainable development in this region. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of Melipona seminigra pot‐pollen from Amazonas, Brazil.RESULTSWe report the identification of 21 phenolic compounds using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography– electrospray ionization–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry. Overall, the predominant constituents of pot‐pollen were protein (333.8–470.7 g kg−1) and dietary fibers (247.6–353.3 g kg−1). The predominant fatty acids were polyunsaturated (44.95–59.57% of total fatty acid content) and the samples contained all essential amino acids. Total carotenoid content ranged from 3.2 to 48.0 μg g−1, total flavonoid content (as catechin equivalents) from 1.9 to 4.5 mg g−1, total reducing capacity (as gallic acid equivalents) from 7.0 to 15.0 mg g−1, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power from 2.8 to 8.9 μmol g−1 and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (as Trolox equivalents) from 224.9 to 1117.0 μmol g−1.CONCLUSIONSThis study reports for the first time a comprehensive chemical characterization of M. seminigra pot‐pollen. The samples presented antioxidant activity, high values of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, insoluble dietary fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and essential amino acids, comparable to other health foods. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Study on preparation of acylated soy protein and stability of emulsion
Authors: Xia Nan , Lu Xing‐Xing , Zheng Zhi , Mu Dong‐Dong , Zhong Xi‐Yang , Luo Shui‐Zhong , Zhao Yan‐Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein can be used as an emulsifier to improve emulsion stability at the interface of water‐in‐oil emulsion. However, natural soybean protein isolate (SPI) does not meet the high demands as an emulsifier in the food industry. The effect of acylation modification by ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTAD; 0–300 g kg−1) on the physicochemical properties of SPI was studied.RESULTSThe results of the Fourier transform infrared spectra analyses showed that carboxyl groups were introduced into the SPI structure by the EDTAD treatment. The carboxyl concentration of SPI was increased by 30–74.07% with an increase in EDTAD addition from 50 to 300 g kg−1. When 150 g kg−1 EDTAD was added, the surface hydrophobicity, the emulsifying activity, and the absolute value of the zeta potential were increased by 213%, 120%, and 68% respectively, and the particle size decreased to 247 nm. The droplet size of emulsion decreased to 10 μm when pH was 6. At the same concentration of SPI and pH, the absolute value of zeta potential of the emulsion was biggest. A comparison of the emulsions during storage showed the improvement of emulsion stability was related to the increase in the zeta potential and the decrease in the average particle size. The experimental group showed no destabilization on day 21, and no obvious aggregation phenomenon was observed.CONCLUSIONAcylation modification by EDTAD changed the emulsifying properties of SPI and enhanced the stability of the SPI emulsion. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
iTRAQ proteome analysis of the antifungal mechanism of citral on mycelial growth and OTA production in Aspergillus ochraceus
Authors: Wang Yan , Lin Wei , Yan Hao , Neng Jing , Zheng Yong , Yang Kai , Xing Fuguo , Sun Peilong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus ochraceus causes food spoilage and produces mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) during storage of agricultural commodities. In this study, citral was used to inhibit A. ochraceus growth and OTA accumulation, proteomic analysis was employed to verify the mechanism of citral.RESULTSCitral was found to significantly inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production in A. ochraceus. Specifically, 75, 125, 150 and 200 μL L−1 citral suppressed mycelial growth by 33%, 46%, 50% and 100%, respectively. Additionally, 75 μL L−1 citral inhibited OTA accumulation by 25%. Proteomic analysis was performed to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of citral on mycelial growth and OTA production at subinhibitory concentrations (75 μL L−1). Proteomics analysis identified 2646 proteins in A. ochraceus fc‐1, of which 218 were differentially expressed between control and 75 μL L−1 citral treatment samples. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of biological process, cellular component and molecular function terms. Potential factors affecting mycelial growth and OTA production were analysed, and OTA production was revealed to be a complex process involving many associated factors related to various processes including nutrient intake, sterol biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. In addition, citral at 75 μL L−1 down‐regulated OTA biosynthetic genes including pks and nrps, but slightly up‐regulated the global regulatory factors veA, velB and laeA.CONCLUSIONThe findings further demonstrate the potential of citral for the preservation of grains and other agricultural products, and provide new insight into its antifungal mechanisms at subinhibitory concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
A mouse model of short‐term, diet‐induced fatty liver with abnormal cardiolipin remodeling via downregulated Tafazzin gene expression
Authors: Sakurai Toshihiro , Chen Zhen , Yamahata Arisa , Hayasaka Takahiro , Satoh Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Chiba Hitoshi , Hui Shu‐Ping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiolipin (CL) helps maintain mitochondrial structure and function. Here we investigated whether a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) fed to mice for a short period (5 days) could modulate the CL level, including that of monolysoCL (MLCL) in the liver.ResultsTotal CL in the HCD group was 22% lower than that in the normal chow diet (NCD) group (P < 0.05). The CL72:8 level strikingly decreased by 93% (P < 0.0001), whereas total nascent CLs (CLs other than CL72:8) increased (P < 0.01) in the HCD group. The total MLCL in the HCD group increased by 2.4‐fold compared with that in the NCD group (P < 0.05). Tafazzin expression in the HCD group was significantly downregulated compared with that in the NCD group (P < 0.05). A strong positive correlation between nascent CL and total MLCL (r = 0.955, P < 0.0001), and a negative correlation between MLCL and Tafazzin expression (r = −0.593, P = 0.0883) were observed.ConclusionA HCD modulated the fatty acid composition of CL and MLCL via Tafazzin in the liver, which could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This model may be useful for elucidating the relationship between fatty liver and mitochondrial dysfunction. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of temperature and pH on the structure of a metalloprotease from Lactobacillus fermentumR6 isolated from Harbin dry sausages and molecular docking between protease and meat protein
Authors: Sun Fangda , Tao Ran , Liu Qian , Wang Hui , Kong Baohua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial protease can interact with meat protein in fermented meat products at a certain pH and temperature. To investigate the effects of various pH values and temperatures on the structural characteristics of Lactobacillus fermentum R6 protease, which was isolated from Harbin dry sausages, spectroscopy techniques and molecular dynamics were utilized to evaluate structural changes.RESULTSThe protease exhibited a stable spatial structure at pH 7 and 40 °C, and the extension of the protease structure was also promoted. Although the structure of the protease could be changed or destroyed by pH 8 and 70 °C, it was mainly determined by the changes of secondary and tertiary structures such as α‐helix, β‐sheet, β‐turn and random coil. In addition, carbonyl vibration, ‐NH vibration, C–H stretching vibration and disulphide bonds were present in L. fermentum R6 protease under various pH and temperature conditions. Molecular docking showed that the protease can interact with myosin light chain, myosin heavy chain, actin and myoglobin.CONCLUSIONThe protease can maintain stable structure and interact with meat protein, which reflected certain application prospects in the fermentation of Harbin dry sausages. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Retaining tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs for destination competitiveness
Authors: Dias Álvaro , González‐Rodríguez Maria Rosario , Patuleia Mafalda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDue to their representativeness in the universe of tourism businesses and the potential to generate innovation, tourism lifestyle entrepreneurs (TLEs) play an essential role in the competitiveness of tourism destinations. Despite this vital importance, the antecedents of innovation generated by these entrepreneurs and their willingness to stay at the destination are still under‐explored. Findings from a survey of 178 TLEs indicate that the context influences community attachment, and affects indirectly innovation and willingness to stay. Community attachment has a positive influence on entrepreneurial self‐efficacy, innovation and willingness to stay. A transition of the context results to developing economies was also taken into consideration. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV
Authors: Kagee Ashraf , Bantjes Jason , Saal Wylene , Sterley Adelle 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the ability of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for the DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) to distinguish between caseness and noncaseness for PTSD among South Africans receiving care for HIV. The PCL‐5 and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5–Research Version (SCID‐RV) module for PTSD were administered to 688 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at two HIV care clinics in the greater Cape Town (South Africa) area. In total, nearly half of the sample (n = 324, 47.1%) reported experiencing an index traumatic event, and 101 participants (14.74%, 95% CI [12.17%, 17.62%]) met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as measured using the SCID‐RV. An ROC curve analysis suggested that a PCL‐5 cutoff score of 32 yielded optimal sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.88), indicating that the measure was successful in determining caseness for PTSD 88% of the time and noncaseness 88% of the time. The AUC was 94.3%, 95% CI [92.6% to 96.1%], indicating high accuracy. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 56.3% and 97.7%, respectively, which suggests that the PCL‐5 is an effective screening instrument to determine the presence of PTSD among South African ART users. Undetected and, thus, untreated PTSD may reduce quality of life, impede optimal adherence to ART, and increase the likelihood of risk behaviors among individuals living with HIV, contributing to further infections. The PCL‐5 may be used for detection, referral, and treatment of PTSD as a way to enhance its management among individuals receiving HIV care.
Epigenome‐Wide Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in a Treatment‐Seeking Adolescent Sample
Authors: Sheerin Christina M. , Lancaster Eva E. , York Timothy P. , Walker Jesse , Danielson Carla Kmett , Amstadter Ananda B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmerging research has demonstrated that psychosocial trauma exposure may elicit epigenetic changes, with downstream effects on the transcriptional regulation of genes. Epigenome‐wide association studies (EWAS) offer an agnostic approach to examine DNA methylation (DNAm) associations and are a valuable tool to aid in the identification of biological pathways involved in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study represents the first EWAS of PTSD in an adolescent sample, an important group given the significance of this developmental period regarding both DNAm changes and PTSD risk. The sample (n = 39, M age = 15.41 years, SD = 1.27, 84.6% female) comprised adolescents who experienced interpersonal trauma and were enrolled in a treatment study. Participants were assessed using the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM‐IV–Adolescent Version and provided a blood sample at baseline. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood and assayed using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The primary analysis estimated the associations among individual CpG sites and PTSD symptom scores. Of the 793,575 screened probes tested, two were significant at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 10%. Hypomethylation of both sites was associated with increased PTSD symptom scores. Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) identified a DMR associated with PTSD symptom scores at an FDR < 10%. Results from follow‐up models are also discussed. Findings from this preliminary investigation suggest the importance of further research conducted in adolescent samples. The analytic pipeline and results are documented for use in future meta‐analytic work as more such samples become available.
The Impact of Traditional Anticoagulants, Novel Anticoagulants, and Antiplatelets on Epistaxis
Authors: Yaniv Dan , Zavdy Ofir , Sapir Einav , Levi Lirit , Soudry Ethan 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisAnticoagulant and antiplatelet medications (ACAP) are known to be associated with an increased risk for epistaxis. There are conflicting results regarding the impact of Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC) on epistaxis and its severity.Study DesignRetrospective chart review of patients who were admitted to the ED in our tertiary level hospital with a diagnosis of epistaxis during the years 2012 to 2018.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients presenting to tertiary level emergency otolaryngological care during the years 2012 to 2018. The impact of various ACAP medications on epistaxis severity, hospital admission, and recurrence was analyzed.ResultsA total of 470 patients were identified. Two hundred and twenty‐nine patients (49%), were not on any anticoagulant/antiplatelet (ACAP) medications (controls) and 241 patients (51%) were taking at least one ACAP medication (ACAP group). Patients in the ACAP group were at a higher risk for severe epistaxis (OR = 1.8, P < .05) and were more likely to be hospitalized (OR = 2.17, P < .05). Surprisingly, the risk for recurrence was similar in the ACAP and control groups (15%, P > .05). Compared to controls, Warfarin and Enoxaparin increased the overall risk for severe epistaxis (OR = 4.4, P < .05) and for hospital admission (OR = 2.1, P < .05). Specifically, an increased risk for posterior tamponade (OR = 19, P < .001), significant blood loss (OR = 4.4, P = .032), and blood transfusion (OR = 4.7, P = .007) were identified as well. Interestingly, NOACs were not associated with increased risk for severe epistaxis, hospital admission, tamponade, and significant blood loss or blood transfusion compared to controls.ConclusionsCompared to older generation anticoagulants and antiplatelet medications, NOACs demonstrated an improved safety profile, in terms of epistaxis severity, need for hospital admission and outcomes. These results may suggest a more conservative approach and less hospitalization when treating epistaxis in patients receiving NOACs.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1946–1951, 2021
Validation of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kawai Kosuke , Dombrowski Natasha , AuYeung Tammy , Adil Eelam A. 
Published: February 2021

Objective/HypothesisThe Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) is a disease specific quality of life instrument developed and validated in adults. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the NOSE scale for pediatric nasal obstruction. We also examined the effect of septoplasty with bilateral inferior turbinate reduction in this population.Study DesignA validation study at a tertiary care children's hospital.MethodsThirty‐eight pediatric patients who underwent septoplasty and bilateral inferior turbinate reduction between 2014 and 2018 were included. Patients were administered the NOSE instrument on the day of their clinic evaluation, the day of surgery, and at their 6 to 8‐week post‐operative appointment. A sample of 40 pediatric patients with non‐rhinologic complaints was also included. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factorial validity of the NOSE instrument.ResultsOf the 78 patients included, the mean age was 15.4 years (SD 3.4). In the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings were all significant and ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. Internal consistency reliability using Omega and maximal reliability H indices were well above recommended standards (Omega = 0.983 and maximal H = 0.988). Test–retest reliability was also adequate. Mean NOSE scores significantly improved following surgery (from 96.7 [SD 6.2] to 8.8 [SD 7.8]; mean difference = −87.9; 95% CI: −84.5, −91.3; P < .001). Similar improvements were observed across age groups.ConclusionsThe NOSE scale is a valid and reliable quality of life instrument for pediatric patients with nasal obstruction. Nasal septoplasty with bilateral turbinate reduction substantially improved symptoms of nasal obstruction.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2594–E2598, 2021
Potential impact of plans and policies based on the principles of conservation agriculture on the control of soil erosion in Brazil
Authors: Polidoro José Carlos , de Freitas Pedro Luiz , Hernani Luís Carlos , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Rodrigues Renato de Aragão Ribeiro , Cesário Fernando Vieira , Andrade Aluísio Granato de , Ribeiro Jefé Leão 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLand use and coverage surveys show that 30.5% of Brazil's territory was dedicated to the production of food, fibers, biofuels, and raw materials. This paper fills a gap and provides information to society and decision‐makers about the effectiveness of the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) principles with zero tillage (ZT/CA) and integrated crop–livestock–forest (iCLF‐CA) systems as the central policies to mitigate soil erosion, the main agent of land degradation and productivity loss. The increase in CA area by 2030 was estimated using Holt's damped technique for ZT/CA and simple linear models for iCLF‐CA. The annual potential for soil erosion with intensive conventional tillage and monocropping, considering land use and cover in 2017, is 3.0 billion tons. The economic impact, based only on replacement of nutrient losses, is estimated to be 15.7 billion US$ yr−1. To control soil erosion by water, to intensify agricultural production, and mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions are the goals of the PRONASOLOS, a national program for detailed soil survey and interpretation. The annual economic impact of the adoption of CA principles by controlling soil erosion was estimated at 1.5 billion US$ for ZT/CA in 2017 and 0.5 billion US$ for iCLF‐CA in 2015. The future increase of the CA area was forecast at 34.4 and 25.4 Mha for ZT/CA and iCLF‐CA, respectively. The positive impacts of the adoption of CA principles in Brazil are the result of the determination of farmers, among many actors, and of the effectiveness of government plans and policies.
Influence of nitrogen addition on the changes in nitrogen and carbon fractions in soil profiles of wheat fields
Authors: Wang Lifang , Sun Jutao , Kang Juan , Zhang Zhiyong , Shangguan Zhouping , Wang Chenyang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasing inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer greatly affect the functionality of farmland carbon (C) and N cycling. Soil contains various C and N fractions that have diverse chemical and physical characteristics, and they can be used as sensitive evaluation indicators for the change in soil C and N content; however, N application's effects on the deep soil layer N and C fractions of the North China Plain remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the changes in content, percentage, and sensitivity of N and C fractions under four N fertilization application rates in the upper 200 cm soil layer since 2012. N and C fractions in soil layers respond differently to N enrichment. For grain yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) contents, the sensitivity index (SI) of N fractions was the highest at N applications of 180 and 240 kg ha−1. SOC and TN are most active in the 0–20 cm soil layer. The SI of most C fractions in the topsoil layer were not the highest, and the SI of the N fractions was higher in the middle soil layer. Obvious leaching during the application of 300 kg ha−1 of N fertilizer was indicated by the nitrate content. Under the experimental conditions, the 180 and 240 kg N ha−1 applications proved to be the best for stabilization of C and N and improved crop productivity.