bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled mechanical ventilation in equine anaesthesia: Physiological background and basic considerations (Part 1)
Authors: Moreno‐Martinez F. , Mosing M. , Senior M. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryControlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) is routinely used in equine anaesthesia, with many different options available to mechanically deliver breaths. The complexity of respiratory pathophysiology in anaesthetised horses and the wide range of devices available is described in this scoping review. The first part of the review outlines basic equine respiratory physiology and pathophysiology during anaesthesia to illustrate what makes horses prone to inefficient gas exchange and ventilation when they are recumbent. The difference between spontaneous ventilation and CMV is reviewed and basic considerations of CMV are explored in more detail.
Effect of a medium cut‐off dialyzer on protein‐bound uremic toxins and mineral metabolism markers in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Tiong Mark K. , Krishnasamy Rathika , Smith Edward R. , Hutchison Colin A. , Ryan Elizabeth G. , Pascoe Elaine M. , Hawley Carmel M. , Hewitson Tim D. , Jardine Meg J. , Roberts Matthew A. , Cho Yeoungjee , Wong Muh Geot , Heath Anne , Nelson Craig L. , Sen Shaundeep , Mount Peter F. , Vergara Liza A. , Paul‐Brent Peta‐Anne , Johnson David W. , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis (HD) with medium cut‐off (MCO) dialyzers may expand molecular clearance, predominantly larger middle molecules (molecular weight 25–60 kDa). However, the impact of MCO dialyzers on long‐term clearance of various other components of the uremic milieu is unknown. The tRial Evaluating Mid cut‐Off Value membrane clearance of Albumin and Light chains in HemoDialysis patients (REMOVAL‐HD) provided an opportunity to assess the effect of MCO dialyzers on protein‐bound uremic toxins and novel markers of mineral metabolism.MethodsThis exploratory sub‐study of REMOVAL‐HD evaluated changes in protein‐bound solutes (total and free indoxyl sulfate [IS] and p‐cresyl sulfate [PCS]) and mineral metabolism markers (intact fibroblast growth factor‐23 [iFGF23], fetuin‐A and endogenous calciprotein particles [CPP‐1 and CPP‐2]). Mid‐week, pre‐HD serum samples were collected at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of MCO use in stable adult patients. Change from baseline to Week 12 and 24 was estimated using linear mixed effects models.FindingsEighty‐nine participants were studied (mean age 67 ± 15 years, 38% female, 51% diabetic, median urine output 200 ml/24 h). Serum iFGF23 was reduced at Week 12 compared to baseline (−26.8% [95%CI −39.7, −11.1], p = 0.001), which was sustained at Week 24 (−21.7% [95%CI ‐35.7, −4.5], p = 0.012). There was no significant change in serum IS, PCS, fetuin‐A, CPP‐1, or CPP‐2.DiscussionThe use of a MCO dialyzer over 24 weeks was associated with a sustained reduction in FGF23, while other measured components of the uremic milieu were not significantly altered. Further studies are required to determine whether FGF23 reduction is associated with improved patient outcomes.
Estimating Sampling Errors in Consumer Price Indices
Authors: Smith Paul A. 
Published: March 2021

SummarySeveral different approaches have been proposed for the calculation of sampling errors in consumer price indices (CPIs), but only one is in regular use providing published estimates. The history of the development of sampling error estimation for CPIs is reviewed, and the development in the USA (where most research has taken place) is summarised. The proposed approaches for sampling error estimation are set out, with their properties and their different conceptualisations of the sampling error. The frameworks for the measurement of errors more widely in the CPI are also reviewed, and the evidence for the importance of the sampling error among the other error sources is presented. Some opportunities and directions for further work are provided.
Seeded Stage III glass dissolution behavior of a statistically designed glass matrix
Authors: Crum Jarrod V. , Reiser Joelle T. , Parruzot Benjamin P. , Neeway James J. , Bonnett Jeff F. , Kerisit Sebastien N. , Cooley Scott K. , Ryan Joseph V. , Smith Gary L. , Asmussen R. Matthew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dissolution rate of some glasses accelerates after prolonged time spent at a slow, residual dissolution rate. This phenomenon is referred to as Stage III behavior. The acceleration in glass dissolution rate linked to Stage III behavior is significant and may be the most impactful behavior to long‐term performance of glass in a repository. This work is aimed at understanding the effect of glass composition on Stage III behavior to add a level of technical defensibility to glass disposal. To this end, a set of 24 glass compositions were statistically designed, where eight glass components (SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, SnO2, ZrO2, and Others) have been independently varied in order to study the individual effects of each glass component. These glasses have been subjected to static dissolution tests at 90°C in deionized water and then seeded with zeolite Na‐P2 28 days into the testing to induce Stage III behavior. The response of the glasses to the zeolite seeds fell into four primary types: (1) no response to seeds; (2) an immediate linear sustained acceleration in the rate; (3) an immediate linear acceleration in the rate followed by a decrease; and (4) a progressive acceleration in the rate that is concurrent with the addition of the seeds. The main glass components observed to influence these behaviors were CaO, Al2O3, B2O3, and ZrO2, where (1) CaO influenced which glasses showed a Stage III response to seeds (high CaO: types 2, 3, and 4) or did not respond to seeds (low CaO: type 1), (2) Al2O3 and B2O3 influenced which glasses showed a sustainable Stage III response (high Al2O3: types 2 and 4) versus transitory response (low Al2O3 and high B2O3: type 3), and (3) ZrO2 concentration influenced whether glasses showed a linear (high ZrO2: type 2) versus progressive (low ZrO2: type 4) response to seeds.
Risk analysis of reservoir sedimentation under non‐stationary flows
Authors: Tsai Christina W. , Yeh Ting‐Gu , Hsu Yaowen , Wu Kuan‐Ting , Liu Wen‐Jia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReservoir sustainability is strongly impacted by the reservoir sedimentation processes. Most of the substantial sedimentation processes occur in non‐stationary flows such as in the case of flash floods, surges and tidal waves. However, a stationary probability assumption is normally adopted to reduce mathematical model complexity. This work develops a non‐stationary Gambler's ruin model using the Monte‐Carlo simulation method. Daily water‐level data for the Xia‐Yun station are used to predict the effective risk that the maximum capacity of the water treatment plant in the Shihmen Reservoir is reached. This non‐stationary model yields fairly accurate probabilities of sedimentation by the transitional probability of a reservoir reaching different levels of turbidity, and the average time to reach a designated reservoir maximum handling turbidity. The extended capacity of the proposed model demonstrates the major particle processes during non‐stationary flows. Such analytical results offer water resources agency to scientifically evaluate the dredging/remediation strategies with the existing reservoirs. Transport capacities of rivers and streams, and the potential consequences of flood risks in response to reservoir sedimentation can then be comprehensively estimated in order to allow effective contingency planning for public safety.
Barriers to Family Resilience in Caregivers of People Who Have Schizophrenia
Authors: Fernandes Júlio Belo , Fernandes Sónia Belo , Almeida Ana Silva , Cunningham Rhona Cruzet 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the barriers to family resilience in caregivers of people who have schizophrenia.DesignA qualitative descriptive approach was used.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia registered at the psychiatry outpatient unit of a hospital center. Content analysis was performed on audio‐recorded and verbatim‐transcribed interviews. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was applied to this study.ResultsA total of 31 family caregivers participated, the majority of whom were female (71%) with an average age of 57.5 years. Most participants lived with and cared for their relative (90.3%). The caregiver role was assumed mostly by mothers (54.8%) and fathers (22.6%). Barriers to family resilience in caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia broadly fall under five categories: lack of knowledge about the disease, social stigma, expressed emotion, involvement in the relationship, and blame.ConclusionsIn view of the paucity of studies exploring and understanding the barriers to family resilience, this study presents itself as one of the first in this area. There are different barriers to family resilience. This research provides an overview and an understanding of key barriers to family resilience in caregivers of people experiencing schizophrenia.Clinical RelevanceThere is a need for nurses to help families to be resilient. By understanding the barriers to resilience, nurses are able to focus on these factors and help families to remove or reduce their influence.
Xenografts in the post‐operative wound management of interpolation flaps
Authors: Benedetto Conrad J. , Salloum Antoine , Benedetto Anthony V. , Benedetto Paul X. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionSafeguarding the integrity of the donor site during the initial suspension phase of an interpolation flap is difficult. There are a variety of approaches and no consensus on post‐operative management of the donor site or pedicle following the creation of the flap. The use of xenografts at the donor site of postauricular interpolation flaps simplifies post‐operative wound care and prevents infection, desiccation of tissue, reduces pain, and assists with hemostasis.MethodsA porcine acellular dermal skin substitute can be utilized for the purpose of care‐free interpolation flap wound care. First, the flap is designed and raised using standard surgical technique. The porcine xenograft is then sutured into the donor site and to the exposed subcutaneous side of the flap pedicle using nylon suture material. The flap then is interpolated and sutured into the surgical defect of the auricle. Silicone gel is applied to the surface of the xenograft. A pressure dressing is then placed over the surgical site.ResultsA total of 4 patients had postauricular interpolation flaps to the ipsilateral helix. All four patients had a xenograft placed at the donor site and flap pedicle at the time of the flap creation and suspension. No infections and no incidence of post‐operative bleeding requiring intervention were noted.ConclusionUtilizing a dermal skin substitute as a biological dressing for an interpolation flap prior to division and inset of the flap provides a useful alternative to traditional wound care during this interim period.
In vitro and clinical evaluation of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell‐conditioned media for hair regeneration
Authors: Mathen Caroline , Dsouza Wilfrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe field of regenerative medicine may present a non‐drug, non‐steroid, and non‐invasive alternative toward addressing male and female pattern hair loss, a global concern.ObjectiveThe aim was to carry out the in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation of human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell‐conditioned media (MSC‐CM) for hair regeneration.MethodsVarious in vitro parameters were used to estimate the consistency across various batches of MSC‐CM. Total protein content was measured by the Biuret method and antioxidant activity by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to determine spectral signatures and biocompatibility was carried out by the Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) and Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays. In vivo safety and efficacy was evaluated in an experimental pilot study on 15 volunteers.ResultsThe in vitro results confirmed stability in the protein content (7 mg/ml), antioxidant activity (49.50%), and FTIR fingerprints of the MSC‐CM. In the biocompatibility experiments by both SRB and NRU methods, no IC50 value could be derived at 100% concentration indicating safety at the cellular level. The in vivo results indicated safety with no side effects or adverse reactions, while 86.6% of the subjects experienced a positive effect of hair regeneration.ConclusionMSC‐CM comprises a rich cocktail of physiologically balanced growth factors, cytokines, and beneficial proteins which may explain the bioactivity and mechanism of action in hair regrowth. This may indicate a biocompatible, gentle, and safe regenerative approach to address hair loss.
Maximum bite force in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with and without clinical established temporomandibular joint involvement and in healthy children: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Sonnaville Willemijn F. C , Speksnijder Caroline M. , Zuithoff Nicolaas P. A. , Verkouteren Daan R. C , Wulffraat Nico W. , Steenks Michel H. , Rosenberg Antoine J. W. P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be involved, resulting in dysfunction of the masticatory system. Bite force is one of the variables that reflects the function of the masticatory system. The aim of this study was to compare maximum bite force in children with JIA, with and without TMJ involvement and with healthy children.MethodsChildren with JIA and healthy children between the ages 6 and 18 were included in this cross‐sectional study. The clinical examination consisted of measuring the anterior maximum voluntary bite force (AMVBF), assessment of the TMJ screening protocol items and TMJ, masseter and temporal muscle palpation pain. Unadjusted linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the explanatory factors for AMVBF. Two adjusted models were constructed with corrections for age and gender differences: model 1 to compare children with JIA and healthy children and model 2 to compare children with JIA with and without TMJ involvement.ResultsIn this cross‐sectional study, 298 children with JIA and 169 healthy children participated. AMVBF was 24 Newton (N) lower in children with JIA, when compared with healthy children (95%CI: −35.5–−12.4, p = .000). When children with JIA also had clinically established TMJ involvement, AMVBF was reduced 42 N (component JIA:−16.78, 95% CI −28.96–−4.59, p = .007 and component TMJ involvement:−25.36, 95% CI −40.08–−10.63, p = .001). Age and male gender increased AMVBF.ConclusionChildren with JIA had a reduction in the AMVBF compared with healthy children. In children with JIA and clinically established TMJ involvement, AMVBF was more reduced.
Safety and utility of kidney biopsy in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2
Authors: Asad Riyaz Ahmed , Valson Anna T. , Kavitha Vijayakumar , Korula Anila , Eapen Anu , Rebekah Grace , Jacob Shibu , Pathak Harish , Alexander Suceena , Mohapatra Anjali , David Vinoi George , Varughese Santosh , Tamilarasi Veerasamy , Basu Gopal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimKidney biopsy (KBx) is the gold standard for evaluation of kidney disease, but is associated with a higher risk of complications in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We studied the safety and utility of KBx in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2, who were planned for a KBx and consented to participate were prospectively enrolled. Patients with solitary/transplant kidney or acute kidney injury were excluded. Haemoglobin was checked on the day of KBx and repeated 18–24 h later along with a screening ultrasound. Post‐KBx complications were noted and their risk‐factors analysed. The utility of the KBx was graded as effecting significant, some, or no change to subsequent management.ResultsOf the 126 patients included, 75% were male, 27.7% were diabetic, and the median eGFR was 13.5 ml/min/1.73m2. Major complications occurred in 5.6%. Peri‐renal haematomas were detected in 37.3%, and haematomas ≥2 cm were significantly more frequent in those with eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m2 (29.2% vs. 13%, p = .032). Dialysis was a risk factor, while pre KBx blood transfusion, diabetes and higher serum albumin were protective against any complication. KBx was more likely to make a significant difference in management in those with eGFR 15–29 ml/min/1.73m2 (44.1% vs. 11.1%, p < .001). Increasing age, lower serum creatinine and albumin were independently associated with KBx utility.ConclusionKBx is relatively safe in severe kidney disease but its risk to benefit balance needs to be carefully considered when eGFR is <15 ml/min/1.73m2.
New insight to the role of microbes in the methane exchange in trees: evidence from metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Putkinen Anuliina , Siljanen Henri M. P. , Laihonen Antti , Paasisalo Inga , Porkka Kaija , Tiirola Marja , Haikarainen Iikka , Tenhovirta Salla , Pihlatie Mari 
Published: March 2021

SummaryMethane (CH4) exchange in tree stems and canopies and the processes involved are among the least understood components of the global CH4 cycle. Recent studies have focused on quantifying tree stems as sources of CH4 and understanding abiotic CH4 emissions in plant canopies, with the role of microbial in situ CH4 formation receiving less attention. Moreover, despite initial reports revealing CH4 consumption, studies have not adequately evaluated the potential of microbial CH4 oxidation within trees. In this paper, we discuss the current level of understanding on these processes. Further, we demonstrate the potential of novel metagenomic tools in revealing the involvement of microbes in the CH4 exchange of plants, and particularly in boreal trees. We detected CH4‐producing methanogens and novel monooxygenases, potentially involved in CH4 consumption, in coniferous plants. In addition, our field flux measurements from Norway spruce (Picea abies) canopies demonstrate both net CH4 emissions and uptake, giving further evidence that both production and consumption are relevant to the net CH4 exchange. Our findings, together with the emerging diversity of novel CH4‐producing microbial groups, strongly suggest microbial analyses should be integrated in the studies aiming to reveal the processes and drivers behind plant CH4 exchange.
Barriers and enablers to caregivers' responsive feeding behaviour: A systematic review to inform childhood obesity prevention
Authors: Redsell Sarah A. , Slater Vicki , Rose Jennie , Olander Ellinor K. , Matvienko‐Sikar Karen 
Published: March 2021

SummaryResponsive infant feeding is a critical component of childhood obesity prevention. However, there is little guidance for caregivers on how to do this successfully. The first step to developing an intervention to promote responsive feeding is to systematically identify its barriers and enablers. Searches were conducted in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Maternity, and Infant Care from inception to November 2020. All study designs were included if they reported a barrier or enabler to responsive feeding during the first 2 years of life. We used a “best fit” framework synthesis, with the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM‐B) model. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess study quality. Forty‐three studies were included in the review. Barriers (n = 36) and enablers (n = 21) were identified across five COM‐B domains: psychological capacity, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation. Enablers were recognition of infant feeding cues, feeding knowledge and family and friends. Caregiver attitude toward control of feeding was a barrier, together with health care professional advice about formula feeding and breastfeeding expectation. These barriers and enablers provide a comprehensive evidence base to guide intervention development to improve responsive feeding and prevent obesity across individual and population levels.
MINING IN SOUTH‐WEST GAUL AT THE CROSSROADS OF THE CELTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN WORLDS. THE CASE OF THE MINING AREA OF THE ARIZE MOUNTAINS (CENTRAL PYRENEES) DURING THE FOURTH AND THIRD CENTURIES BC
Authors: Meunier Emmanuelle , Luaces Max 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThis paper presents new data about the silver‐bearing copper mining area of the Arize (Central Pyrenees) during the fourth and third centuries BC. The identification of amphorae sherds from Magna Graecia and the Strait of Gibraltar region sheds new light on this metal production and confirms a systematic exploration of the ores before the end of the third century BC. At a regional scale, the existence of several mines operating between the fourth and third centuries BC also suggests a production that exceeded the local needs. Parallels can be drawn between this important raw metal production and the socio‐economic changes observed in Celtic Europe in the same period. We also point out the need for further in‐depth study of the economic situation of this region, lying at a crossroads between the Celtic and Mediterranean worlds.
Body knowledge in children with spina bifida
Authors: Mano Hiroshi , Fujiwara Sayaka , Yabuki Sayumi , Tanaka Hiroshi , Takikawa Kazuharu , Haga Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with spina bifida suffer from motor paralysis and sensory disturbance, secondary deformation of the lower extremities, and development of decubitus ulcers. A deep understanding of one's body, such as identifying the names, functions, relationships, homology (e.g. upper and lower limbs) and relative position of body parts, may prevent secondary disorders. The awareness of the body and its characteristics in children with spina bifida has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate how children with spina bifida perceive their bodies, especially their paralyzed parts and related or homologous ones.MethodsParticipants included 36 children with spina bifida and 14 control children, aged 5–11 years. They were asked to draw self‐portraits, and to answer questions about the names of body parts. The number of drawn body parts in the pictures and the correct response rates to the questions were quantified and compared between children with spina bifida and control children.ResultsChildren with spina bifida drew fewer hands, legs, and feet than control children. In the verbal tests, children with spina bifida had a lower correct response rate than control children on questions concerning the upper limbs, hands, trunk, and feet.ConclusionsChildren with spina bifida have diminished visuospatial and lexical‐semantic body knowledge of the paralyzed parts and related organs.