bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCE OF HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE B. CROCE'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY
Authors: Аванесян Артём Александрович 
Published: September 2021

Развиваемый Бенедетто Кроче подход к осмыслению специфики исторического познания приводит к формулированию идеи его укоренения в индивидуальном жизненном опыте познающего человека. Критика субстанциальной философии истории задает единственно возможную стратегию исследования прошлого через изучение единичных фактов и явлений, понимание которых определяется обстоятельствами и возможностями исторической ситуации работы исследователя. Такой проект истории приобретает черты изменчивого, ситуативного, принципиально незаконченного знания, находящегося в постоянном процессе становления.
The approach to understanding the specifics of historical knowledge developed by Benedetto Croce leads to the formulation of the idea of its rooting in the individual life experience of a cognizing person. Criticism of the substantial philosophy of history sets the only possible strategy for studying the past through the study of individual facts and phenomena, the understanding of which is determined by the circumstances and possibilities of the historical situation of the researcher's work. This project of history acquires the features of a changeable, situational, fundamentally unfinished knowledge that is in a constant process of formation.
«HISTORICAL REPRESENTATION» IN F. ANKERSMIT’S PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Ицкович Глеб Сергеевич 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматривается концепция «исторической репрезентации» в философии Ф. Анкерсмита. Данная концепция является важным компонентом нарративистской философии истории голландского философа. Используя эту концепцию, Анкерсмит стремится решить проблему истинности в историческом познании, поновому взглянув на историописание. Отвергая реализм как познавательную установку, он склоняется к мысли о подтверждаемости атомарных исторических фактов и возможности говорить лишь о большей или меньшей степени достоверности исторических повествований, поскольку они опираются в значительной степени на различные аксиологические установки и предпосылочное знание. Анкерсмит постмодернистски сближает историю и литературу, что ведет к трудностям в различении исторических и художественных текстов.
The article is aimed at the analysis of the concept of «historical representation» in F. Ankersmit’s philosophy. This concept is an important component of the Dutch scholar narrativist philosophy of history. Using this concept, Ankersmit seeks to solve the problem of truth in historical knowledge by taking a new look at historical writing. Rejecting realism as a cognitive attitude, he inclines to the idea of the confirmability of atomic historical facts and the possibility of talking about a greater or lesser degree of reliability of historical narratives, since they depend largely on various axiological attitudes and knowledge presuppositions. Ankersmit brings history and literature together in a postmodern way, which leads to difficulties in distinguishing historical and artistic texts.
Koronavirüs Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemisi Sırasında Diş Hekimine Başvuran Hastalarda Bilgi ve Endişe Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi: Anket Çalışması
Authors: GEDUK Gediz , SAĞLAM Gaye , BİLTEKİN Hatice 
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Korona Virus Hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19), Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından, tüm dünyadaki insanları etkileyen küresel bir halk sağlığı acil durumu olarak ilan edildi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 salgını sırasında diş hekimine başvuran hastaların COVID-19 hakkında bilgi ve endişelerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Temmuz-Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği fakültesine başvuran 400 hastaya, COVID-19 salgını ile ilgili anket yapıldı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel anlamlılık farkını analiz etmek için ki-karetesti kullanıldı. P
Effects on the optokinetic system of midline lesions in the pretectum of monkeys
Authors: Watanabe Shoji , Kato Isao , Hattori Kosuke , Azuma Miki , Nakamura Tadashi , Koizuka Izumi 
Published: September 2021

The nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), an important visuo-motor relay between the retina and preoculomotor structures, is responsible for mediating horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in monkeys, cats, rabbits and rats. In addition to its projection to the vestibular nuclei, the NOT has a prominent projection to the contralateral NOT via the posterior commissure. In order to evaluate the role of the commissural fibers between the NOTs in OKN, we cut the posterior commissure in three Macaca fuscata. The animals viewed the OKN stripes under three conditions: right eye viewing, left eye viewing, and both eyes viewing. OKN was recorded in response to counter-clockwise and clockwise stimulation at stimulus velocities of 30°/s, 60°/s and 90°/s. After control data were gathered, the posterior commissure was transected with an operating knife. Before the animal was sacrificed, biocytin, an anterograde tracer, was injected into the left NOT in order to confirm that all of the commissural fibers had been cut. Although the midline lesions decreased the initial rapid rise and steady state OKN slow-phase velocity in all three animals, there were no directional differences observed during monocular clockwise or counter-clockwise visual stimulation to either eye. In two of the three animals, there were no significant differences in the time-constants of optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) after the lesion. In the remaining animal, the time-constants decreased at stimulus velocities of 30°/s and 60°/s. In conclusion, gain reduction in the rapid rise and steady state slow-phase velocity of OKN can be explained by removal of an excitatory signal mediated by commissural fibers to inhibitory interneurons in the contralateral NOT. However, interrupting the commissural fibers had no effect on the velocity storage mechanism, because the time-constants of OKAN mostly remained largely unchanged by the lesion.
Graduates' Perceptions and Evaluation of Study Programmes: Analytical Framework and Methodological Considerations
Authors: Bielecki Piotr 
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to draw scientific attention to the significance and usefulness of socio- logical approach, namely higher education (HE) graduates’ perceptions survey as a one of the mechanisms to collect and use graduate feedback facilitating the study programmes’ evaluation, and in turn, enlarging our knowledge on the enhancement of HE quality, the improvement of graduate employability, and effective ways of smoothing the transition from education to work. The emphasis is being placed on critical description of the analytical framework set out by authors of the international research project - DEHEMS on HE graduates feedback. The DEHEMS project uses secondary - processed data based on primary - raw data as generated by two Europe-wide and large-scale research projects: REFLEX and HEGESCO.
The paper comprises four parts. Firstly, the basic conceptual question is analysed, that is, the role and the need for the use of feedback from graduates collected through national and international surveys perceived as a measure of HE programme evaluation (pro- gramme performance, teaching effectiveness). A particular attention is given to its two main elements: programme activities/components and programme outcomes/impact, as per programmes logic model. The second part is devoted to the discussion on the analyt- ical framework and methodological approach adopted in the DEHEMS study. The third part contains key elements of analytical framework presented in schematic form. Finally, some brief conclusions and further study directions follow.
Analysis of the transport users’ behaviours and preferences commuting to traffic generators in Radom
Authors: Dębowska-Mróz Marzenna , Ferensztajn-Galardos Ewa , Krajewska Renata , Rogowski Andrzej 
Published: September 2021

Transport needs result from the essence of human needs (from the need for movement or from natural mobility) and from the scientific, cultural, economic or administrative activities carried out. They have a diverse character resulting from both objective and subjective reasons, and their consequence is the emergence of journeys. The specificity of these mobility can be analyzed in reference to various spaces related to the implementation of journeys.
The purpose of the paper is to present the results of research carried out as part of the project Strategy for urban development of the Radom Functional Area (ROF). These studies concerned the recognition of transport users’ behaviours and preferences of commuting in Radom. The research was carried out in traffic generators performing the most important urban functions and defining the specificity of socio-economic processes in Radom.
Pacjent, świadczeniodawca czy system – komu dziś potrzebna jest skoordynowana opieka zdrowotna?
Authors: Kieszkowska-Grudny Anna 
Published: September 2021

Starzenie się społeczeństwa, rosnące potrzeby medyczne i ograniczone zasoby, a także szybko postępujący rozwój technologii medycznych to wyzwania, przed którymi stają systemy opieki zdrowotnej na całym świecie. Koordynowana opieka zdrowotna, funkcjonująca na świecie w ponad 100 różnych koncepcjach, to sposób zarządzania i realizacji świadczeń medycznych, zapewniający uzyskanie ciągłości i kompleksowości diagnostyki i leczenia, przy jednoczesnej poprawie efektywności i obniżeniukosztów. W Polsce koordynacja usług medycznych dopiero od niedawna cieszy się zainteresowaniem, a ograniczone nakłady na służbę zdrowia czynią z niej ciekawą opcję poprawy dostępu do nowoczesnych form świadczeń medycznych przy lepszej kontroli i sprawniejszym zarządzaniu kosztami oraz optymalizacji nakładów.
Restrukturyzacja na nowo – naprawa przedsiębiorstwa w prawnie usankcjonowanym procesie
Authors: Bajon Sebastian 
Published: September 2021

Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie narzędzia restrukturyzacji przedsiębiorstw opartego na zapisach ustawy Prawo restrukturyzacyjne oraz pokazanie, jak często była ona wykorzystywana na przestrzeni dwóch lat od wejścia do obrotu prawnego. W artykule wykorzystano zarówno metody jakościowe, jak i ilościowe. Badanie oparto na analizie ustawy Prawo restrukturyzacyjne oraz na statystykach dotyczących postępowań toczących się przed polskimi sądami gospodarczymi. W publikacji pokazano, w jakim stopniu zapisy aktu prawnego znalazły swoje odzwierciedlenie w rzeczywistości gospodarczej. Autor doszedł do wniosku, że mimo iż prawnie usankcjonowane instrumentarium ratujące dłużników przed upadłością z roku na rok cieszy się coraz większą popularnością, nie jest jednak wykorzystywane w stopniu, jaki umożliwiłby podmiotom działającym na rynku przedłużenie ich istnienia.Za oryginalny można uznać wkład autora w unaocznienie sytuacji panującej pośród przedsiębiorstw zagrożonych niewypłacalnością w kontekście oceny efektywności ustawy restrukturyzacyjnej.
Zmiana udziału krajowej wartości dodanej eksportu w eksporcie produkcji przemysłowej ogółem na przykładzie Polski i wybranych krajów w latach 1995–2011
Authors: Oleszczuk Paweł 
Published: September 2021

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie koncepcji eksportu wartości dodanej oraz zweryfikowanie hipotezy o importochłonności eksportu wraz z postępującymi procesami fragmentaryzacji produkcji przemysłowej poprzez porównanie różnic w eksporcie wartości dodanej na przykładzie Polski oraz jednego kraju azjatyckiego – Malezji. W publikacji wykazano, że równocześnie ze wzrostem poziomu globalnej wymiany handlowej między poszczególnymi krajami spada udział krajowej wartości dodanej w wartości całego eksportu. Wyniki obliczeń i analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić, że w Polsce zmniejszył się udział krajowej wartości dodanej w eksporcie produkcji przemysłowej z niecałych 81% w 1995 r. do 60% w 2011 r.
W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane Organizacji Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju za lata 1995, 2000, 2005 oraz 2008–2011 dotyczące eksportu wartości dodanej oraz eksportu produkcji przemysłowej Polski, Czech, Niemiec, Hiszpanii, Korei Południowej oraz Malezji.
Cytological and colposcopic evaluation of abnormal cervix
Authors: Beg Ayesha , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Roy Nibedita , Jahan Khurshida , Yasmin Sabina , Ansari Nazma Parvin , Nahar Kamrun 
Published: September 2021

The second most common cancer among women worldwide is cancer of the cervix commonly develop due to abnormal cervix. To evaluate abnormal cervix by cytology and colposcopy, a prospective study was undertaken among 100 women attending at the colposcopy clinic in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from January 2008 to July 2008. Cytological and colposcopic evaluation were done in all the patients attending the colposcopy clinic with various complaints like per vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, dyspareunia, irregular per vaginal bleeding, backache and abnormal cervix on examination. A biopsy was taken from 53 cases of colposcopically abnormal or clinically doubtful cervices. Cytology and colposcopy findings were compared with the histological results. Study results revealed that 26 apparently healthy cervices in naked eye examination showed abnormal cytology in 8 cases and premalignant and malignant changes was seen in 9 among colposcopically abnormal 11 cases. Among the 40 cases of ectropion, abnormal cytology found in 11 and premalignant and malignant changes in 13 cases. In 11 cases of nabothion cyst, 4 had abnormal cytology and premalignant changes in 2 cases. Among 10 erythema cases, 3 showed abnormal cytology and 6 showed premalignant and malignant changes. One ulcer case revealed malignancy on cytology, colposcopy and histopathology. The other 12 cases, abnormal cytology found in 7, premalignant and malignant changes found in 8. On cytological examination, abnormal cytology found in 34 cases, among these 26 revealed premalignant and malignant on biopsy report. Out of 66 negative cytological smear cases, 23 colposcopically positive and biopsy showed 13 cases as premalignant and malignant. So, 13% cases of premalignant and malignant lesion may be overlooked if cytology alone was used for screening. This study revealed that colposcopy examination significantly reduces false negative cytology. Results of this study concluded that combined procedures enhance diagnostic accuracy.
CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 3-11
Study on Screening tests among the Blood donors in Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Nilufar , Ali Md Yunus , Haque Amdadul 
Published: September 2021

The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD) in voluntary and Replacement donors. A total of 4,885 donors were analyzed for the prevalence of TTD over a period of 1 year and 9 month from August 2016 to May 2018, Conducted at the Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, of these 38.8% were voluntary donors and 61.2% were replacement donors. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBv) was highest (.86%) followed by syphilis (.3%), HCV (.14%), Malaria (.06%) and HIV (.04%). Prevalence was more in male replacement donors. Seropositivity of TTD of this study was much lower among blood donors due to proper medical assessment of donors. Pre-donation donor screening procedures is helpful in improving the blood safety and reduces the prevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases.
CBMJ 2019 January: vol. 08 no. 01 P: 19-22
Preclinical Characterization of GLS-010 (Zimberelimab), a Novel Fully Human Anti-PD-1 Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer
Authors: Lou Beilei , Wei Hua , Yang Fang , Wang Shicong , Yang Baotian , Zheng Yong , Zhu Jiman , Yan Shaoyu 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundZimberelimab (GLS-010) is a novel fully human monoclonal immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor.AimTo evaluate the affinity, competitive blocking capability, T cell activation effect, cytotoxic effector functions by Fc, preliminary anti-tumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of GLS-010.MethodsThe affinity of GLS-010 to PD-1 and the ability of GLS-010 to block the PD-L1/2 to PD-1 interaction on the cell surface were measured. An allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of GLS-010 on Tregs and stimulatory effect on T cell proliferation and activation. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice and cynomolgus monkeys, respectively.ResultsThe equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for the association between GLS-010 and PD-1 was 1.75×10-10 M. GLS-010 could effectively block the binding of PD-L1/2 to PD-1. GLS-010 showed statistically significant anti-tumor effects in the MC38 model in human PD-1 knock-in mice. The RO rate on in the low-, moderate-, and high-dose groups were 64.50%-48.53% in CD3+T, 58.87%-40.12% in CD8+T, and 66.26%-49.07% in CD4+T, respectively. With the increasing dose from 2 mg/kg to 18 mg/kg, the systemic exposure level of GLS-010 (AUC0-last) and C0 increased proportionally, while the proportion of AUC0-last was higher than the proportion of the increase in the dose.ConclusionsAs a fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, GLS-010 has a high affinity to PD-1 and shows potent anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. The results support that GLS-010 could be investigated in clinical trials in tumor patients.
Quality of Life After Partial or Whole-Breast Irradiation in Breast-Conserving Therapy for Low-Risk Breast Cancer: 1-Year Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Song Yu-Chun , Sun Guang-Yi , Fang Hui , Tang Yu , Song Yong-Wen , Hu Chen , Qi Shu-Nan , Chen Bo , Jing Hao , Tang Yuan , Jin Jing , Liu Yue-Ping , Lu Ning-ning , Li Ye-Xiong , Wang Shu-Lian 
Published: September 2021

PurposeTo report patients’ quality of life (QoL) at 1 year in a phase 2 randomized trial comparing partial breast irradiation (PBI) with whole-breast irradiation (WBI) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer.MethodsWomen aged ≥ 45 years with low-risk breast cancer after BCS were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PBI (40 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks) or WBI (43.5 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks). The primary endpoint—the incidence of toxicities of grade 2 or higher—will be reported when participants complete 5 years of follow-up. QoL was assessed at baseline (T0), at the end of radiotherapy (RT) (T1), 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after RT by using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires. We calculated the scores for all QOL subscales and differences in mean scores were compared. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03583619).ResultsBetween June 2017 and January 2019, 140 women were randomly assigned to receive PBI or WBI (n = 70 per group). Fifty-nine and 56 patients treated with PBI and WBI, respectively, were eligible for the QoL analysis. There were no significant differences in any subscale scores at T0, T1, T2, or T3 between the PBI and WBI arms. The scores for most QoL subscales that were influenced by RT recovered to a similar or better level relative to T0 scores within 1 year after RT, except for the scores of the dyspnea subscale. Longitudinal analysis showed that time since RT had a significant impact on physical functioning, role functioning, social functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnea, financial difficulties, body image, and breast and arm symptoms.ConclusionPBI using the intensity-modulated RT affords QoL comparable to that provided by WBI. Most QoL subscale scores that were influenced by RT recovered to a similar or better level relative to baseline scores within 1 year after RT.
Improvement of Leather Flame Retardancy through Nano Clay Addition
Authors: Sepehri Samaneh , Tehran Mohammad Amani , Zeighami Fatemeh 
Published: September 2021

Leather is widely used in various industries including apparel, safety clothing, aircraft and automotive, due to its unique properties such as softness, air permeability, chemical resistance, high flexibility and reasonable mechanical resistance. Since leather products usually contain flammable organic compounds such as tanning, fatliquoring, dyeing and finishing materials, improvement of its flame retardancy is very important. A lot of flame retardants have been synthesized and applied to improve flame retardancy of leather. One of the best materials is nanoclay because it is easily available, environment-friendly and has a low cost. In this research, we propose a process that reduces the burning length of the leather and increases its thermal stability. For this purpose, clay nanoparticles by 1, 3, and 5 mass percent (relative to wet leather mass) were added to wet-blue bovine and goat leather under certain (temperature and time) conditions during the re-tanning process. The results of the TGA test on bovine leather samples showed that by increasing the amount of nanoclay, the thermal stability of samples was increased. SEM images prepared from the grain and cross-sections of bovine and goat leather samples showed that with a high percentage of nanoclay, particle agglomeration is partially visible. The results of the vertical flammability test also showed that the presence of clay nanoparticles reduced the burning length of leather samples. Tensile strength of bovine leather samples containing clay nanoparticles increased compared to the control sample. However, the tear strength of them did not differ significantly.
Tanning Chemicals’ Influence in Leather Tensile and Tear Strength Review
Authors: Tournier Ricardo 
Published: September 2021

For over 100 years of tanning research, it is still arguable whether tanning chemicals weaken, strengthen or have an effect on the skin's original collagen fibers.
The current paper is a review of the literature regarding the impact of the tanning process on the mechanical properties of leather specifically, tensile and tear strength, that raises several questions about this topic. A call is made for the scientific and technical community to address these questions
Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolysis Kinetics of Tannery Wastes in an Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Luo Lan , Liiu Cheng-Kung , Brown Eleanor , Wang Fang , Hu Yadi , Tang Keyong 
Published: September 2021

Industrial wastes generated from tanneries contain large quantities of water-insoluble proteins, which may be used for the production of composite materials, renewable chemicals and energy. In this work, the pyrolysis kinetics of powdered sheep fur wastes (SFW) was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) at different heating rates from room temperature to 600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. TG results revealed that there are three stages in this process. The overall apparent activation energy (E) in the main pyrolysis stage was determined to be 275.6 kJ mol-1 by modified Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (MKAS) method. Because the pyrolysis of SFW could not be described by a single-step reaction, the experimental DTG curve of SFW was deconvoluted into three individual peaks followed by reconstruction of TG curves corresponding to three pseudo components. The average values of E obtained for these pseudo components are 234.7 kJ mol-1, 176.4 kJ mol-1, and 186.2 kJ mol-1, respectively. Generalized master-plots method indicated that the SFW pyrolysis may follow the random nucleation and growth mechanism (Avrami-Erofeev model). Reaction model functions f(?) for these pseudo components could be expressed as: f(?)=3.1(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.67; f(?)=3.6(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.72, and f(?)=3.9(1-?)[-ln(1-?)]0.74, respectively. These results may provide insight for further studies as well as for future application of pyrolysis technology for tannery wastes.