bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological divergence in the curvature of human femoral diaphyses: Tracing the central mass distributions of cross‐sections
Authors: Imamura Takeshi , Ogami‐Takamura Keiko , Saiki Kazunobu , Hamamoto Ayami , Endo Daisuke , Murai Kiyohito , Nishi Keita , Sakamoto Junya , Okamoto Keishi , Oyamada Joichi , Manabe Yoshitaka , Tsurumoto Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe diaphysis of the human femoral bone has a physiological anterior curvature; additionally, there is a curvature to the medial side or lateral side. In addition to compression stress from gravity during standing, walking, and running, these bones are continuously exposed to complex stresses from the traction forces of the various strong muscles attached to them. The femoral diaphysis is subjected to these mechanical stresses, and the direction and size of its curvature are defined according to Wolff's law and the mechanostat theory of Frost. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the curvature of the femoral diaphysis in Japanese skeletons by determining the curve connecting the central mass distributions (CMD) of cross‐sectional images. A total of 90 right femora (46 males and 44 females) were randomly selected from modern Japanese skeletal specimens. Full‐length images of these bones were acquired using a clinical computed tomography scanner. The range between the lower end of the lesser trochanter and the adductor tubercle of each femur was divided at regular intervals to obtain ten planes, and nine levels were analyzed. The CMD curve was determined by connecting the CMDs of each of the nine cross‐sections. First, the CMD of a cross‐section in each of the nine slices was calculated, and the nine trajectories were superimposed from above. Then, by converting the shape of the entire CMD curve to superimpose the coordinates of the endpoint on the starting point, a closed arc representing the curvature of the femur was determined. For both males and females, the patterns varied from mostly medial to largely lateral curvature. The size of the curvature also varied for individuals. By analyzing only the coordinates of the vertex of the CMD curve of each femoral bone, the outlines of the diaphyseal curvatures could be recognized. The femora were thereby divided into two groups: medial bending and lateral bending. Considering males and females together, the number in the lateral‐curvature group (n = 51) was larger than that in the medial‐curvature group (n = 39). Moreover, the average age of the lateral‐curvature group was significantly higher than that of the medial‐curvature group (p < 0.05). In males, with an increase in the cortical bone proportion of the cross‐sectional area, the anterior vertex of diaphyseal bending tended to be more prominent. This cortical proportion was significantly higher in the medial‐curvature groups than in the lateral‐curvature group (p < 0.01). The phenomena observed in this study may be related to pathophysiologies such as atypical fractures of the femur and osteoarthritis of the knee joints.
Effects of supplementation of high‐dosing Trichoderma reesei phytase in the corn‐wheat‐soybean meal‐based diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, faecal gas emission, and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs
Authors: Dang De Xin , Kim In Ho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe conduct this study to investigate the effects of corn‐wheat‐soybean meal (SBM)‐based diet supplemented with high‐dosing Trichoderma reesei phytase on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, faecal gas emission and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs (29.71–110.58 kg live weight; 70‐day‐old to 166‐day‐old). A total of 56 crossbred pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in 96‐day experiment with a completely randomized block design. The growing period was from day 0 to 42, and the finishing period was from day 43 to 96. Pigs were randomly allocated to one of two treatments with seven replicate pens and four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per pen and fed corn‐wheat‐SBM‐based nutrient adequate basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 1500 FTU/kg diet Trichoderma reesei phytase. One phytase unit (FTU) was defined as the amount of enzyme that catalyses the release of one micromole phosphate from phytate per minute at 37°C and pH 5.5. Dietary supplement with Trichoderma reesei phytase had increased body weight on day 96 and average daily gain in days 0–96. Moreover, high apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus (P) was observed in pigs fed with Trichoderma reesei phytase. However, the carcass traits, faecal gas emission and meat quality of pigs were unaffected by Trichoderma reesei phytase supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high‐dosing Trichoderma reesei phytase (1500 FTU/kg diet) in the corn‐wheat‐SBM‐based nutrient adequate basal diet increased body weight and the ATTD of P, while no adverse effects were observed on the production characteristics.
Minimizing Bias and Maximizing the Potential Strengths of Autoethnography as a Narrative Research
Authors: Poerwandari Elizabeth Kristi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUp to the current time, psychology has provided very limited space for qualitative research to contribute to the discipline, even though psychology has a lot to do with subjectivity and intersubjectivity in its work. This article discusses autoethnography, which by some qualitative researchers is still being debated. The author argues that autoethnography contains strong narrative components or analysis with potential contribution to provide new understanding and to build knowledge. The article discusses criticisms against autoethnography, followed by its distinctive characteristics, which at the same time bring significant potential power. Clear guidelines and steps are needed to minimize biases and to bring about the potential power of autoethnography, and this article aims to address the issues through discussions on intersubjectivity, reflexivity, and ethics. At the end, it might be concluded that autoethnography is a method to investigate not merely the researchers, but to reveal certain phenomena and issues. Autoethnography is one good alternative among other methods that can contribute to developing understanding and knowledge through the construction of substantive theories about a particular issue.
Back to the brink: Phylogeography and demographic history of the endangeredTorreya jackii
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Jian‐Hui , Jiang Kai , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Chao‐Nan , Biswas Shekhar , Wang Rong , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBoth paleoclimatic change and anthropogenic habitat destruction can have adverse effects on species demography and, in turn, could lead a species towards being endangered and rare. Understanding the relative importance of these natural and anthropogenic factors driving species endangerment and rarity is thus crucial for effective conservation planning but remains elusive. Here, we examine the phylogeography and demographic history of an endangered conifer species in China,Torreya jackiiChun, and assess the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic factors that might have put the species in its endangered state. We collected tissue samples from all the 13 extant wild populations, and analyzed the genetic variation using eight nuclear microsatellites and four chloroplast and one mitochondrial DNA fragments. We found low genetic and nucleotide diversities, which could explain the absence of spatial and phylogeographic structure. Using a hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation technique, we identified the demographic scenario that best fits the genetic data and found that effective population size was low at least 200 000 years ago but expanded after the last glacial maximum (LGM). The paleoclimatic niche model revealed a profound effect of precipitation on the distribution ofT. jackiiand predicted that the current distribution areas were suitable during the LGM. Despite the post‐LGM expansion, the best‐supported scenario showed a dramatic population collapse during the past 300 years, when anthropogenic disturbances also increased dramatically. Overall, our study sheds light on how historical factors and human impacts jointly threaten the persistence of a species, and these aspects should be duly considered in species conservation planning.
Acquisition and carriage of multidrug‐resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland
Authors: Dazio Valentina , Nigg Aurélien , Schmidt Janne S. , Brilhante Michael , Mauri Nico , Kuster Stephan P. , Brawand Stefanie Gobeli , Schüpbach‐Regula Gertraud , Willi Barbara , Endimiani Andrea , Perreten Vincent , Schuller Simone 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO) present a threat to human and animal health.ObjectivesTo assess acquisition, prevalence of and risk factors for MDRO carriage in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics or practices in Switzerland.AnimalsPrivately owned dogs (n = 183) and cats (n = 88) presented to 4 veterinary hospitals and 1 practice.MethodsProspective, longitudinal, observational study. Oronasal and rectal swabs were collected at presentation and 69% of animals were sampled again at discharge. Methicillin‐resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci, cephalosporinase‐, and carbapenemase‐producing (CP) Enterobacterales were isolated. Genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by repetitive sequence‐based polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors for MDRO acquisition and carriage were analyzed based on questionnaire‐derived and hospitalization data.ResultsAdmission prevalence of MDRO carriage in pets was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4‐20.4). The discharge prevalence and acquisition rates were 32.1% (95% CI, 25.5‐39.3) and 28.3% (95% CI, 22‐35.4), respectively. Predominant hospital‐acquired isolates were extended spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli (ESBL‐E coli; 17.3%) and β‐lactamase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%). At 1 institution, a cluster of 24 highly genetically related CP (blaoxa181 and blaoxa48) was identified. Multivariate analysis identified hospitalization at clinic 1 (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% CI, 1.6‐16.8) and days of hospitalization (OR 3‐5 days, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.8‐10.9; OR > 5 days, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.3‐28.8) as risk factors for MDRO acquisition in dogs.ConclusionsVeterinary hospitals play an important role in the selection and transmission of MDRO among veterinary patients.
The impact of Brexit on international students’ return intentions
Authors: Falkingham Jane , Giulietti Corrado , Wahba Jackline , Wang Chuhong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the causal impact of Brexit on the post‐graduation mobility decisions of EU students in the UK. We exploit the British government’s formal withdrawal notification under Article 50 as a natural experiment. Using data from a survey of graduating international students administered before and after the triggering of Article 50, we find that EU students are significantly more likely than non‐EU students to plan on leaving the UK upon graduation immediately after the announcement. Results are driven by students from the new EU countries and students from the EU14 countries who do not have firm migration plans.
Fire alters plant microbiome assembly patterns: integrating the plant and soil microbial response to disturbance
Authors: Dove Nicholas C. , Klingeman Dawn M. , Carrell Alyssa A. , Cregger Melissa A. , Schadt Christopher W. 
Published: February 2021

Summary

It is increasingly evident that the plant microbiome is a strong determinant of plant health. While the ability to manipulate the microbiome in plants and ecosystems recovering from disturbance may be useful, our understanding of the plant microbiome in regenerating plant communities is currently limited.

Using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing, we characterized the leaf, stem, fine root, rhizome, and rhizosphere microbiome of < 1‐yr‐old aspen saplings and the associated bulk soil after a recent high‐intensity prescribed fire across a burn severity gradient.

Consistent with previous studies, we found that soil microbiomes are responsive to fire. We extend these findings by showing that certain plant tissue microbiomes also change in response to fire. Differences in soil microbiome compositions could be attributed to soil chemical characteristics, but, generally, plant tissue microbiomes were not related to plant tissue elemental concentrations. Using source tracking modeling, we also show that fire influences the relative dominance of microbial inoculum and the vertical inheritance of the sapling microbiome from the parent tree.

Overall, our results demonstrate how fire impacts plant microbiome assembly, diversity, and composition and highlights potential for further research towards increasing plant fitness and ecosystem recovery after fire events.
Methodological issues in assessing change in dietary intake and appetite following gastric bypass surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Redpath Tamsyn L. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Dunne Aoibheann A. , Boyd Adele , le Roux Carel W. , Spector Alan C. , Price Ruth K. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryGastric bypass surgery is an effective long‐term treatment for individuals with severe obesity. Changes in appetite, dietary intake, and food preferences have all been postulated to contribute to postoperative body weight regulation, however, findings are inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature on changes in dietary intake and appetite following gastric bypass surgery, in the context of the methodology used and the analysis, interpretation, and presentation of results. Four databases were systematically searched with terms related to “gastric bypass surgery,” “appetite,” and “dietary intake,” and 49 papers (n = 2384 patients after gastric bypass) were eligible for inclusion. The evidence indicated that only a reduction in overall energy intake and an increase in postprandial satiety are maintained beyond 6‐month post‐surgery, whereas relative macronutrient intake and premeal hunger remain unchanged. However, available data were limited by inconsistencies in the methods, analysis, presentation, and interpretation of results. In particular, there was a reliance on data collected by subjective methods with minimal acknowledgment of the limitations, such as misreporting of food intake. There is a need for further work employing objective measurement of appetite and dietary intake following gastric bypass surgery to determine how these mechanisms may contribute to weight regulation in the longer term.
A novel p.Pro871Leu missense mutation in SPECC1L gene causing craniosynostosis in a patient
Authors: Bai Shanshan , Geng Yingnan , Duan Huichuan , Xu Liang , Yu Zheyuan , Yuan Jie , Wei Min 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionCraniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial abnormalities. It involves premature closure of one or more cranial sutures. Mutations in many genes have been and continue to be identified in patients.Settings and sample populationWhole blood samples were collected from the patient and family members.Material and methodsWhole exome sequencing was performed to identify potential mutations in the patient. The results were verified by Sanger sequencing by comparing SPECC1L gene sequence of blood samples from 100 unrelated population‐matched controls.ResultsThe patient presented with craniosynostosis with fusion of the bicoronal and sagittal sutures. A novel missense mutation (c.2612C>T, p.Pro871Leu) in the SPECC1L gene was identified. Gene analysis showed a missense mutation in exon1 of SPECC1L that led to an amino acid substitution in the region between coiled‐coil domain 3 and calponin homology domain.ConclusionOur observations expand the molecular spectrum of gene mutations in craniosynostosis and emphasize the importance of gene testing in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis. The observations also reinforce the characteristics of SPECC1L‐related cranial disorders.
Observance of preoperative clear fluid fasting in pediatric anesthesia: oral and written information versus text message information. A before‐and‐after study
Authors: Thomasseau Alexandre , Rebollar Yohann , Dupuis Maxime , Marschal Nathalie , Mcheik Jiad , Debaene Bertrand , Frasca Denis , Boisson Matthieu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionProlonged fasting before surgery is common in pediatrics. In the literature, it is responsible for hypotension, irritability and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Despite clear instructions given during the preanesthetic consultation, fasting rules are respected in only 30%–40% of cases. We aimed to evaluate the benefit of sending a text message the day before surgery to improve the parents’ observance of fasting rules.MethodsWe conducted a before‐and‐after study at the University Hospital of Poitiers. From August to October 2018, 172 parents of children under 15 years of age scheduled for all types of surgery were enrolled into two groups according to the period: the control group with parents receiving information on preoperative fasting rules during the preanesthetic consultation several days before surgery, and the text message group, receiving the same information during consultation plus a text message the day before the surgery.ResultsThere was a difference in observance of clear fluid fasting instructions (between 2 and 3 h before the admission at hospital) in favor of the text message group 33% versus 92% OR 29.2 (10.9–95.2) p < 0.001, and in average fasting time for clear fluids 8.7 h ± 4.8 h vs. 4.3 h ± 2.4 h (p < 0.001).ConclusionSending of a reminder text message to the parents the day before the surgery resulted in a significant increase in observance of fasting rules in children undergoing scheduled surgery.
Are Counterpossibles Epistemic?
Authors: Dohrn Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIt has been suggested that intuitions supporting the nonvacuity of counterpossibles can be explained by distinguishing an epistemic and a metaphysical reading of counterfactuals. Such an explanation must answer why we tend to neglect the distinction of the two readings. By way of an answer, I offer a generalized pattern for explaining nonvacuity intuitions by a stand‐and‐fall relationship to certain indicative conditionals. Then, I present reasons for doubting the proposal: nonvacuists can use the epistemic reading to turn the table against vacuists, telling apart significant from spurious intuitions. Moreover, our intuitions tend to survive even if we clear‐headedly intend a metaphysical reading.
Perceived movement skill competence in stability: Validity and reliability of a pictorial scale in early adolescents
Authors: Estevan Isaac , Menescardi Cristina , Castillo Isabel , Molina‐García Javier , García‐Massó Xavier , Barnett Lisa M. 
Published: February 2021

Perceived motor competence (PMC) is important to health as it mediates the association between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity. Many instruments assess the broader construct of physical self‐perception but no scale has been developed to assess PMC in stability. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the reliability and validity of a new pictorial PMC in stability skill assessment when completed by early adolescents. A Delphi method showed ≥70% of experts’ consensus in the seven proposed items. A sample of 904 students (11‐14 years old) self‐reported PMC in locomotion, object control, and stability using two pictorial scales: Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) and the newly developed Stability (PMSC_Stability). The Körperkoordinations test for Kinder (KTK) was also administered as a measure of AMC in skills that utilize stability. Two different subsamples were randomly assigned to criterion validity and reliability assessments. Spearman's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and a general linear model for sex and age were conducted. The internal consistency (α) and test‐retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) reliability values were good (>0.70). A single‐factor latent model represented stability and did not differ by sex. Stability perception was associated with AMC (rho = 0.51). Stability is important to the performance of many movement skills (eg, single‐leg balance or moving on a narrow surface). Understanding which adolescents have poor stability perception could highlight stability as an area that needs targeting in order to increase physical activity and sport participation.
The effect of imagined contact valence on adolescents’ and early adults’ stereotypes, emotions, and behavioral intentions toward ethnic groups
Authors: Constantin Andreea A. , Cuadrado Isabel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcross two experimental studies, this research examined the effects of positive and negative imagined intergroup contact on adolescents’ (Study 1, N = 124) and early adults’ (Study 2, N = 169) stereotype content, emotions, and behavioral intentions toward two immigrant groups in Spain: Ecuadorians, a valued group, and Moroccans, a devalued group. The results showed that the imagined contact valence influenced only adolescents’ outgroup evaluations and only toward Moroccans, the devalued targeted group. Specifically, negative contact indirectly triggered passive harm tendencies through increased negative emotions toward Moroccans. Our findings support previous studies regarding the stronger effect of negative contact on attitudes toward devalued outgroups.
Gaining clarity about emotion differentiation
Authors: Thompson Renee J. , Springstein Tabea , Boden Matt 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEmotion differentiation captures the detail with which people describe their emotional experiences. A compelling body of research has linked low and negative emotion differentiation to a host of adverse psychological outcomes, yet conceptual and methodological questions and issues remain. We think that the time is right to review and reflect on this growing literature to gain clarity that can be applied to future research. We first review assessment of emotion differentiation while highlighting the methodological variation across studies. Then supported by the literature review, we discuss disconnections between the conceptualization and measurement of differentiation. Finally, to motivate future research, we propose factors that we hypothesize are associated with potentially beneficial effects of emotion differentiation in a given situation (i.e., related to state emotion differentiation) and more generally across time (i.e., related to trait emotion differentiation).
A cross‐national comparison of mathematical problems on numbers and operations‐related topics in five countries
Authors: Sianturi Iwan Andi Jonri , Ismail Zaleha , Yang Der‐Ching 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare the differences of four essential aspects (i.e., representational forms, contextual features, cognitive demand levels, and response types) embedded in mathematical problems within the topics of numbers and operations in mathematics textbooks used in Finland, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. This study employed a content analysis method to analyze the four aspects in the most representative textbook from each country. Results showed varied development of the four aspects and indicated different priorities being emphasized in each country’s textbook. For instance, Singaporean textbooks have the highest percentage of mathematical problems that require higher levels of cognitive demands. Textbooks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Finnish, and Singapore contain more opportunities to engage with purely mathematical forms, with a percentage higher than 40%. Other findings concerning the four aspects can help to understand students’ potential engagement with mathematics teaching and learning at elementary schools in the five countries.