bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Questionnaires assessing vertigo and balance
disorders – an overview
Authors: Ratajczak Alina , Sobczyk Krystyna , Budnicki Daniel , Gos Elżbieta , Skarżyński Piotr 
Published: May 2021

Cel pracyCelem niniejszego przeglądu piśmiennictwa było szczegółowe omówienie kwestionariuszy do oceny zawrotów głowy i zaburzeń równowagi, które obecnie są najczęściej stosowane w praktyce klinicznej na świecie.Materiał i metodyPrzeanalizowano publikacje polskie oraz zagraniczne, posługując się słowami kluczowymi: zawroty głowy, zaburzenia równowagi, kwestionariusze do oceny zawrotów głowy, diagnostyka zaburzeń przedsionkowych, oraz wykorzystując dostęp do
baz: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect oraz PubMed. Równocześnie odrzucono duplikaty, abstrakty, doniesienia konferencyjne
oraz publikacje napisane w języku innym niż angielski.WynikiZ ponad tysiąca uzyskanych wyników w niniejszym przeglądzie wykorzystano 53 pozycje literaturowe, które opisywały proces tworzenia nowych narzędzi badawczych, walidacji kwestionariuszy do oceny zawrotów głowy i zaburzeń równowagi i były stosowane w badaniach przeprowadzanych przez różne ośrodki medyczne na świecie. Wykorzystano również materiały dotyczące diagnostyki otoneurologicznej.WnioskiW codziennej praktyce klinicznej podkreśla się rolę kwestionariuszy, które rzetelnie wypełniane przez pacjenta, stanowią
wartościowe źródło informacji na temat intensywności zawrotów głowy i zaburzeń równowagi, ich wpływu na codzienne funkcjonowanie pacjenta oraz efektywności zastosowanego leczenia. Równocześnie zaznacza się konieczność stworzenia polskich adaptacji kwestionariuszy.
Language and learning difficulties of an 8-year-old boy with
auditory processing disorders – case study
Authors: Samsonowicz Karolina , Skoczylas Anna , Fludra Małgorzata , Geremek-Samsonowicz Anna 
Published: May 2021

WprowadzeniePrawidłowo funkcjonujący narząd słuchu umożliwia dostęp do języka mówionego i odgrywa ogromną rolę
w rozwoju mowy i komunikacji. U wielu dzieci proces ten bywa zaburzony, a ich zdolność do skutecznego porozumiewania
nie rozwija się w sposób harmonijny. W ostatnich latach obserwuje się duże zainteresowanie problemem zaburzeń przetwarzania słuchowego ze względu na możliwość istnienia związku z zaburzeniami językowymi oraz trudnościami w uczeniu się.
Poznanie istoty tej relacji jest jednym z ważnych kierunków badań nad zaburzeniami słuchu i mowy u dzieci.CelCelem pracy jest przedstawienie studium przypadku dziecka z deficytem językowym i trudnościami szkolnymi, u którego stwierdzono współistniejące zaburzenia przetwarzania słuchowego.Materiał i metodaAnaliza dotyczy 8-letniego chłopca – ucznia II klasy szkoły podstawowej, objętego specjalistyczną opieką w Instytucie Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu (IFPS) ze względu na utrzymujące się mimo prowadzonej terapii logopedycznej
problemy językowe i artykulacyjne, narastające trudności szkolne oraz szereg problemów słuchowych. U dziecka wykonano podstawową diagnostykę audiologiczną (AT, AI, TEOAE), testy centralnych funkcji słuchowych (FPT, DPT, DDT), przeprowadzono ocenę psychologiczną (WISC-R, Skala Ryzyka Dysleksji) oraz logopedyczną (ocena mowy czynnej i biernej, artykulacji oraz słuchu fonemowego). Dodatkowo zastosowano wybrane testy uwagi z baterii Test of Attention Performance.Wyniki i wnioskiWyniki przeprowadzonej diagnostyki wskazały na współistnienie u chłopca deficytu językowego (hipoteza
SLI), zaburzeń artykulacji, zaburzeń przetwarzania słuchowego oraz wysokiego ryzyka dysleksji. W testach psychologicznych
stwierdzono statystycznie istotną różnicę pomiędzy wynikami w skali werbalnej i niewerbalnej. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych
badań potwierdziły konieczność interdyscyplinarnego podejścia w postępowaniu diagnostycznym zaburzeń słuchu i mowy
u dzieci, co umożliwia dobranie odpowiednich form terapii, sformułowanie zaleceń do stosowania w środowisku szkolnym
oraz wskazówek służących do wypracowywania strategii radzenia sobie z deficytami.
The subjective assessment of voice quality in
patients with Reflux Laryngitis
– a preliminary report
Authors: Pomirska Ewa , Szkiełkowska Agata , Domeracka-Kołodziej Anna , Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Mueller-Malesińska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2021

Cel pracyPorównanie oceny percepcyjnej głosu w skali GRBAS ze wskaźnikiem niepełnosprawności głosowej (VHI) u pacjentów
w przebiegu refluksu krtaniowo-gardłowego (LPR).Materiał i metodyBadania przeprowadzono u 34 osób w wieku od 18 do 74 lat z zaburzeniami głosu i obrazem refluksowego zapalenia krtani w badaniu wideolaryngostroboskopowym (VLS). Obraz laryngoskopowy zmian oceniano w skali patologii refluksowej
RFS (ang. Reflux Finding Score). Subiektywnej oceny głosu dokonywano w skali percepcyjnej GRBAS, a samooceny głosu za pomocą wskaźnika niepełnosprawności głosowej VHI (ang. Voice Handicap Index). Oceniano wynik ogólny VHI oraz wartości uzyskane
w podskalach – funkcjonalnej, emocjonalnej i fizycznej.Wyniki i wnioskiW grupie badanej u pacjentów z refluksem krtaniowo-gardłowym (LPR) przeważała lekka niesprawność głosu
(68% badanych miało wynik ogólny wskaźnika VHI w granicach 0–30 punktów), 29% pacjentów prezentowało średnią niepełnosprawność głosu (VHI między 31 a 60 punktów), zaś wynik samooceny w granicach 61–120 punktów, określany jako poważna niesprawność głosu, uzyskało 9% badanych. Średnio wynik ogólny VHI wyniósł 29,88 pkt. W ocenie percepcyjnej głosu przeważał zapis G1R1B0A0S1 (38% badanych).
Stwierdzono zależność pomiędzy stopniem chrypki (parametr G) a wartością wskaźnika niepełnosprawności głosowej VHI zarówno wyniku ogólnego, jak i poszczególnych jego podskal. Dla pozostałych parametrów R, B, A i S nie uzyskano istotnych statystycznie zależności.
Zastosowanie subiektywnej oceny głosu w skali GRBAS i wskaźnika niepełnosprawności głosowej VHI jest wartościowym narzędziem
u pacjentów z refluksem krtaniowo-gardłowym. Z uwagi na małą liczebność grupy badanej praca wymaga kontynuacji.
Binaural effects after cochlear implantation for patients
with single sided deafness and patients with asymmetric
hearing loss
Authors: Kruszyńska Marika , Lorens Artur , Obrycka Anita , Pastuszak Dorota , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: May 2021

WstępOd kilku lat pacjentom z jednostronną głuchotą oraz asymetrycznym niedosłuchem wszczepiany jest implant ślimakowy. System implantu ślimakowego ma pomóc pacjentom w lepszym rozumieniu mowy w hałasie, lokalizacji dźwięku czy
zmniejszeniu szumu usznego w uchu z głębokim niedosłuchem. Celem pracy była ocena słyszenia binauralnego u pacjentów
z jednostronną głuchotą i asymetrycznym niedosłuchem, użytkowników systemu implantu ślimakowego.Materiał i metodyMateriał pracy obejmował 21 dorosłych pacjentów z jednostronną głuchotą i asymetrycznym niedosłuchem, którzy korzystają z systemu implantu ślimakowego przez co najmniej 14 miesięcy. Efekty słyszenia binauralnego, tj. cień
głowy, wyciszenie binauralne (ang. squelch) oraz redundancje binauralne, badano za pomocą testu identyfikacji słów jednosylabowych Pruszewicza.WynikiZarówno w grupie pacjentów z jednostronną głuchotą, jak i z asymetrycznym niedosłuchem zaobserwowano wzrost
stopnia identyfikacji wyrazów w sytuacji, gdy procesor mowy był włączony w porównaniu z badaniem z wyłączonym procesorem dla wszystkich warunków odsłuchowych oprócz konfiguracji do oceny efektu wyciszenia binauralnego. Nie ma istotnych statystycznie różnic pomiędzy wynikami w grupach pacjentów z jednostronną głuchotą i asymetrycznym niedosłuchem
w poszczególnych warunkach odsłuchowych.WnioskiWszczepienie systemu implantu ślimakowego pacjentom z jednostronną głuchotą i asymetrycznym niedosłuchem
daje szansę na przywrócenie słyszenia binauralnego.
Further study of the T phase*
Authors: Ewing Maurice , Press Frank , Worzel J. L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
New data are presented in support of the conclusion that the T phase is propagated across oceans as compressional waves in the water. T phases from many circumpacific-belt shocks were recorded at the Honolulu seismograph station and at the Kaneohe and Point Sur SOFAR Stations, permitting the determination of oceanic velocity by simple division of epicentral distance by travel time since correction for land travel was unnecessary. The signals were much sharper and less prolonged than those previously studied. Very little scatter in the velocity was observed. Divergent views on the nature of T reported by other investigators are due to complications in path, travel time, and land correction introduced by the relatively large proportion of land (or shallow water) paths involved in the shocks which they have studied.
Energy ratio of the seismic waves reflected and refracted at a rock-water boundary*
Authors: Ergin Kazim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Summary and Conclusions
General behavior, zeros, and extreme points of different type of waves incident at both sides of the ocean floor, for some values of parameters m, n, and r which are considered to include actual values, are computed; computed values are tabulated and plotted.
The following general conclusions are drawn from the results:
Seismic refraction measurements in the Atlantic ocean (Part 3)*
Authors: Tolstoy Ivan , Edwards Richard S. , Ewing Maurice 
Published: May 2021

abstract
Four fully or partly reversed seismic refraction measurements were made during the winter of 1950 in the North Atlantic Basin by the whaleboat method. Velocities of 2.61 km/sec. and 3.85 km/sec. were found offshore from Martinique at a depth of about 1,000 fathoms. Velocities of 6.05 km/sec. in 3,160 fathoms and 7.07 km/sec. in 3,300 fathoms at lat. 22° 55′ N, long. 64°23′ W and lat. 28°28′ N, long. 56°28′ W respectively were found in the deep area south and southeast of Bermuda. Assuming that the sediment velocity lay between 1.0 and 1.2 times that of sound in water, this gave sedimentary thicknesses between 0.76 and 0.93 km. and 0.34 and 0.42 km. respectively. At a point 150 miles east of Bermuda (lat 32°20′ N, long. 62°02′ W) two distinct velocities were found: 4.12 km/sec. (2.36 km. thick) and 5.97 km/sec. The thickness of unconsolidated sediment would be of the order of 200 m. The velocities of 6.05 km/sec. and 5.93 km/sec. could correspond either to granitic or to low-velocity basic rocks. 7.07 km/sec. is definitely in the ultrabasic range.
Owing to limitation on profile length of the whaleboat method, the thickness of the high-velocity rocks of the latter three was not determined. Recent data obtained in the same general area show that they are underlain by rocks with velocity of about 8 km/sec. and are of the order of 5 km. thick.
Amplitude of PcP, PcS, ScS, and ScP in deep-focus earthquakes*
Authors: Ergin Kazim 
Published: May 2021

abstract
A systematic study has been made of the ratios of (displacementperiod) of PcP, PcS, ScS, and ScP to that of the corresponding incident wave {e.g.,(displacementperiod)PcP/(displacementperiod)P}, using intermediate and deep-focus earthquake seismograms. The results indicate that the observed ratios of the horizontal components of the waves that are reflected as P waves (i.e., PcP/P and ScP/S) and that of the vertical component of the waves that are reflected as S waves (i.e., ScS/S and PcS/P) at the mantle-core boundary are considerably larger than the theoretical ones, whereas the observed ratios of the vertical component of the first group and that of the horizontal component of the second group are in fairly good agreement with the theoretical values. Theoretical computations were based on the assumption that in the case of a longitudinal wave the vibration is in the direction of propagation and in the case of a transverse wave the vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It is further found that the behavior of the direct P and S waves is in accord with the theory, but the vibration of the ground is not in the direction of propagation for PcP and ScP and is not perpendicular to the direction of propagation for PcS and ScS.
Wave velocities at depths between 50 and 600 kilometers†
Authors: Gutenberg B. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
Wave velocities in the interior of the earth are usually calculated by means of the Wiechert-Herglotz method. Incorrect interpretation of the form of the travel time curve for a certain distance interval then leads to errors not only in results concerning the corresponding depth interval but (in decreasing amounts) also for all greater depths. A new method is described and applied to that portion of the earth's mantle in which earthquake foci exist. Values obtained with this method for velocities at various depths are independent of each other.
A study of the seismic waves SKS and SKKS*
Authors: Nelson Robert L. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
Arrival times, amplitudes, and periods of the seismic phases SKS and SKKS have been investigated for shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes recorded at Pasadena and Huancayo, Peru. New observed time-distance curves are constructed for depths of &lt;60, 100, 200, and 600 kilometers. Travel times for the core have been calculated from shallow-shock time data. Slight modification of wave velocity just inside the core and of travel times within the core are suggested. Calculated travel times of SKS, SKKS, and SKKKS are in good agreement with observations.
Energy parameters determined from observed amplitude/period ratios are found in only fair agreement with those calculated from theory. Observed energies are too large for most of the phase components and depths considered. The horizontal components of SKKS over the whole distance range, and of SKS at Δ ≦ 100° for all depths, yield observed energies less than those predicted by theory. Both discrepancies are at least qualitatively explained by a proposed nonspherical distribution of shear strain about the fault source, and by abnormal absorption in the outer 700 kilometers of the core. Anomalous observed energies, as functions of epicentral location, are also accounted for by the proposed nonspherical distribution of energy.
Direction of faulting in some of the larger earthquakes of 1949*
Authors: Hodgson J. H. , Storey R. S. 
Published: May 2021

abstract
The Dominion Observatory is carrying out a program to investigate the direction of faulting in large earthquakes through the study of first motion at distant stations. In this, the third paper of the series, solutions are obtained for fifteen earthquakes, with focal depths varying down to 600 km. For the first time, data from PP and P′ are used in obtaining solutions.
Seven of the earthquakes considered lie in the North Pacific Ocean, four in South America, two in the southwest Pacific and two in central Asia. The two earthquakes in central Asia apparently occurred on steeply dipping normal faults, but most of the circum-Pacific shocks are due to transcurrent faulting.
No attempt is made to correlate the results with structure. The attempt will be postponed until more earthquakes have been reduced.
Dispersive properties of a fluid layer overlying a semi-infinite elastic solid*
Authors: Tolstoy Ivan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dispersive properties of waves propagating in a system consisting of a fluid layer overlying a semi-infinite elastic body are investigated by means of new formulas for the group velocity. The distribution of stationary values of the group velocity is examined in the light of these formulas and of numerical results. Also it is shown that the minimum group velocity of the fundamental mode may belong either to the normal-mode branch or to the Stoneley-wave branch, depending on the contrast in wave velocities between the two media.
An investigation of mantle Rayleigh waves*
Authors: Ewing Maurice , Press Frank 
Published: May 2021

abstractDispersion of Rayleigh waves for a new range of periods ranging from 1 to 7 minutes is described. The group velocity curve shows a long-period and a short-period branch merging at a minimum value of 3.54 km/sec. with a corresponding period of about 225 sec. It is suggested that the known variation of velocity with depth in the mantle can account for the observed dispersion. The small scatter in the velocities and the absorption of these waves suggests that, unlike shorter-period surface waves, refraction and attenuation effects are negligible at the continental margins. From the absorption of mantle Rayleigh waves the internal friction in the upper mantle for periods of 140 and 215 sec. is found to be given by 1/Q = 670 × 10−5. This is of the same order as that reported from vibration measurements at audio frequencies on laboratory samples of crystalline rocks at normal pressure and temperature.
Improving outpatient medication counselling in hospital pharmacy settings: a behavioral analysis using the theoretical domains framework and behavior change wheel
Authors: Abdu-Aguye Samirah N. , Mohammed Shafiu , Danjuma Nuhu M. , Labaran Kamilu S. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Despite the importance of medication counselling for patients, it is common knowledge that it is often sub-optimally carried out by pharmacy staff. While some interventions have been designed to help improve counselling, no study till date has used the Capability Opportunity and Motivation behavior model (COM-B) or Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies to improve medication counselling.
Objective: To understand barriers/facilitators to optimal medication counselling by conducting a behavioral analysis using the COM-B model and TDF, and use the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) as a basis for identifying evidence-based intervention strategies and policy categories that could be used to improve outpatient medication counselling by pharmacy staff in hospital settings located within Northwest Nigeria.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 25 purposively sampled pharmacy staff working at eight major public hospitals, from January till March 2020. Data from the interviews were then transcribed and deductively coded using the COM-B model and TDF. These findings were then used to identify areas requiring change, as well as the intervention type and policy functions required to support these changes.
Results: Findings from the behavioral analysis revealed shortfalls in pharmacy staff capability, opportunity and motivation with respect to outpatient medication counselling. To improve their counselling behaviors, change was identified as necessary in eight TDF domains namely ‘knowledge’, ‘interpersonal skills’, ‘memory’ ‘environmental context’, ‘social influences’, ‘intentions’, ‘reinforcement’ and ‘beliefs about capabilities’. Seven intervention functions including ‘education’, ‘training’, ‘modelling’, ‘enablement’ and ‘environmental restructuring’, in addition to three policy categories (‘guidelines’, ‘regulations’ and ‘environmental/social planning’) were also identified as relevant to future intervention design.
Conclusions: Various factors were identified as affecting medication counselling by the pharmacy staff, with several of them requiring changes if counselling was to be improved upon. Multi-component interventions combining several of these intervention functions are recommended for hospital authorities and other relevant stakeholders to improve outpatient medication counselling.
Serum Apolipoprotein B/Apolipoprotein A1 Ratio In Relation To Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Cross-Sectional Frequency-Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Chen Fei , Wu Tongde , Bai Chong , Guo Song , Huang Junwen , Pan Yaqin , Zhang Huiying , Wu Desheng , Fu Qiang , Chen Qi , Li Xinhua , Li Lijun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Study Design:A cross-sectional frequency-matched case-control studyObjective: In recent decades, the serum lipid profile of apolipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) level and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (Apo B/ApoA1) ratio were found more representative for serum lipid level and were recognized as the independent risk factors for various diseases. Although the serum lipid levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found associated with symptomatic intervertebral disc herniation (IDH), no studies have been conducted to date for the evaluation of the association of Apo AI, Apo B, Lp(a) and Apo B/Apo AI levels with symptomatic IDH.Method: A total of 1,839 Chinese patients were recruited in the present study. 918 patients were diagnosed as IDH cases and were enrolled in the experimental group. A control group of 921 patients underwent a physical examination during the same period. The serum lipid levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Lp(a), Apo B and Apo B/Apo AI were examined and analyzed. The patients in the control group were collected randomly from patients who were matched with the baseline levels of the aforementioned lipid molecular.Results: The patients with IDH exhibited significantly higher TC, TG, LDL, Apo B and Lp(a) levels compared with the control subjects. The percentage of high-TC, high-TG, high-LDL, high-Apo B and high-Lp(a) were significantly higher in the IDH group. However, hyperlipidaemia was not associated with the degenerated segment of the IDH (P=0.201). The odds ratios (OR) for the incidence of IDH with an elevated LDL-C, TC, TG, Lp(a), Apo B and Apo B/Apo AI were 1.583, 1.74, 1.62, 1.58, 1.49 and 1.39, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed the correlation between elevated LDL-C, TC, TG, Apo B, Lp(a) and incidence of IDH was significant (R2LDL=0.017; R2TC=0.004; R2TG=0.015; R2Apo B=0.004; R2LP(a)=0.021) (P<0.05).Conclusion:The present study suggests that elevated levels of serum TC, TG, LDL, Apo B, Lp(a) and Apo B/Apo AI are associated with a higher risk for IDH.
Vacuum Phenomenon As A Predictor of Kyphosis After Implant Removal Following Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation Without Fusion For Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hirahata Masahiro , Kitagawa Tomoaki , Yasui Youichi , Oka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Iwao , Yamada Kazuaki , Fujita Muneyoshi , Kawano Hirotaka , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion has been commonly applied for thoracolumbar burst fracture. Implant removal is performed secondarily after bone union. However, the occurrence of secondary kyphosis has recently attracted attention. Secondary kyphosis results in poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this was to determine predictors of kyphosis after implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion for thoracolumbar burst fracture.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 60 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture who underwent implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion. Inclusion criteria were non-osteoporotic fracture and T11-L4 burst fracture. Old age, sex, initial severe wedge deformity, initial severe kyphosis, and vacuum phenomenon were examined as factors potentially associated with final kyphotic deformity (defined as kyphotic angle greater than 25°) or loss of correction. Logistic regression analysis was performed using propensity score matching.Results: Among the 31 female and 29 male patients (mean age 39 years), final kyphotic deformity was found in 17 cases (28%). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with the vacuum phenomenon. Loss of correction was found in 35 cases (58%) and showed a significant association with the vacuum phenomenon. There were no significant associations with other factors.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the vacuum phenomenon before implant removal may be a predictor of secondary kyphosis of greater than 25° after implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion for thoracolumbar burst fracture, but that old age, sex, initial severe kyphosis, and initial severe wedge deformity may not be predictors.