bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genussmittel und Suchtgefahren im Jugendalter: Medizinische und Paedagogische Jugendkunde, by Dr. K. von Biener. New York: Albert J. Phiebig (P.O., Box 352 White Plains, New York 10602), 1968, 113 pp., no price given
Authors: Brooksaler Fred 
Published: December 2021

This monograph evaluates the answers obtained from the questionnaire completed by 2,565 Swiss adolescents from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds ranging in ages from 16 to 20 years concerning the present-day problems-as they view them-of smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse.
The book is small and contains three chapters; the first examines the reasons why young people smoke, the ages when they begin, and the influence-if any-of their parents on their smoking. A brief survey is also included of the health hazards of prolonged cigarette smoking and why some adolescents will even abstain from smoking in the face of peer drive in this direction.
ON THE TREATMENT OF FEVER (IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS) IN FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

The treatment of children with a fever, or for any other symptom, was rarely mentioned in most medical treatises compiled before the eighteenth century. One widely used method to treat fevers in English patients, of all ages, during the fifteenth century, was as follows:
For Fevers: Take half an ounce of pepper, and kermes (round reddish, pea-sized grains found on scarlet oak trees) half an ounce, and (an equal amount) of ginger, two or three good raisins and make all this into a powder; and then take as much of senvy (mustard) seed as of all these others, and stamp it small in a mortar; and then mingle all these with six spoonfuls of vinegar, and the third part of a quart of stale ale; and seethe it till it be almost boiled away unto eight Sups [about a teaspoonful], and then sip it up and do so three days during (the time of fever) until the cold beginneth to come, and thou shalt be whole on warranty (certainly), for it hath been proved. But when thou dost so, let the bed (either for children or adults) be made with fresh sheets, and cover up warmly, and if thou do so three [days], the patient will shake (shiver, or tremble) no more.1
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Levin Herbert S. 
Published: December 2021

My sincere thanks and appreciation for the new spine on Pediatrics—this is exactly what was needed. As I have responsibility for filing and finding my pediatrician husband's journals, this will save a great deal of time in often futile searches for just the right issue. I've even colorcoded the spines of back volumes as an aid, and occasionally thought of writing to request what now appears in 1970. Now if only all the other journals would simplify their spines in bold, dark lettering. . .
Many sincere thanks—it was about time we had a break.
ARE SKINFOLD MEASUREMENTS OF VALUE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF SUBOPTIMAL NUTRITION IN YOUNG CHILDREN?
Authors: Keet Marie Paulowna , Hansen John Derek Lindsell , Truswell Arthur Stewart 
Published: December 2021

Weight, height, head circumference, triceps and subcapsular skinfolds, mid upper arm circumference, and mid upper arm muscle circumference values were obtained from well children, children suffering from dehydrating gastroenteritis, and children suffering from severe protein calorie malnutrition to determine if these measurements could be used to assess nutritional status.
The results indicate that, in Cape Town, there is a significant correlation between skinfold thickness for age, and weight and height for age, and that skin-fold measurements can be used as an additional, reliable, objective measure of suboptimal nutrition and early protein calorie malnutrition in group surveys, particularly where the exact ages of children are not known.
Round Table Discussion
Authors: GOETTSCH ELVIRA , LIPPMAN RICHARD W. , LUETSCHER JOHN A. , BATES TALCOTT , PETERMAN M. G. 
Published: December 2021

By considering the mechanisms of Na-balance systematically, it is possible to derive a rational approach to the restoration of balance, with relief of edema, in the presence of renal disease. The most promising approach, at the present time, utilizes Na-adsorbent ion-exchange resin. The possibility of immunologic neutralization of the biologic antidiuretic substances offers further hope, after further investigation.
Recent work has emphasized the importance of K-balance in the presence of impaired renal function. It is especially important to remember this when instituting measures, such as those mentioned, which substantially alter the rate at which electrolytes are absorbed and excreted.
TEACHING THE BROADER ASPECTS OF PEDIATRICS
Authors: SPOCK BENJAMIN 
Published: December 2021

THE PHYSICIAN who cares for children and the parents who consult him tend nowadays to be less occupied in their visits with physical disease, more with growth and development, behavior problems, school and social adjustment. There are well known reasons for this shift, which include the minimizing of infection by means of sanitation, immunization and the antibiotic drugs, the increased awareness on the part of parents and physicians of the importance of fostering the child's total development and total adjustment, the interest in preventive psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine. The trend will probably continue, especially as more physicians are trained who are interested and helpful in these areas.
If pediatrics does not accommodate itself to the increasing desire of parents for preventive guidance, the vacuum might be filled by a new specialty, perhaps from within the field of psychology. In some ways this would seem a logical development, since the cost of training a physician to be competent in all aspects of child care tends to put his services beyond the means of many. But it would be an unfortunate backward step to divide again the child's emotional well-being from his physical well-being, to divide his development from his diseases, and to entrust them to two separate specialists.
At the present time departments of pediatrics and pediatric hospital services, in their training programs, are going on the assumption that the physician who practices pediatrics, part or full time, is the person who ought to treat the child's illnesses, immunize him, supervise his physical growth, guide his emotional development, especially in the early years, and be able to advise his parents whenever any problem arises, even though the assistance may consist only in knowing to which other expert or agency to refer him.
URETEROCELE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: GROSS ROBERT E. , CLATWORTHY H. WILLIAM 
Published: December 2021

Ureteroceles are abnormalities which result from congenital stenosis of a uretero-vesical junction. That portion of the ureter which obliquely traverses the bladder wall becomes ballooned out so that it projects into the lumen of the bladder. This bulging mass in the bladder may be one to several centimeters in diameter. The lesions are more common in females. The outstanding symptoms are referable to pyuria, which appears in most cases. There may be abdominal or flank pain from the ureteric obstruction. In some patients the ureterocele may lodge in the bladder outlet and block the urinary flow from the entire urinary tract, in this way giving rise to damage in both kidneys. In rare instances a ureterocele may prolapse through the urethra of the female. Ureteroceles are apt to give rise to symptoms in infancy or childhood, but in some cases they are not manifest until later years. Intravenous pyelography and cystography will often give conclusive evidence of the presence of the abnormality, but in some patients cystoscopy will be necessary to establish the diagnosis.
Ureteroceles are not difficult to treat. They should never be excised, because such surgical attack is apt to destroy the uretero-vesical valve and permit reflux of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract, a complication which results in increasing hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. A ureterocele mass will collapse by merely incising its dome in a longitudinal manner for a distance of 2 to 4 mm. This effectively relieves the ureteral obstruction and is the most important step in the therapy of any existing urinary infection. Chemotherapy is a valuable adjunct in the treatment of pyuria, but will have permanent benefit only if the mechanical obstruction has been completely eradicated. In babies and small children it is preferable to avoid incision of a ureterocele by cystoscopic instrumentation; it is safer to open the bladder and incise the structure under direct vision. The results of this latter type of therapy are extremely gratifying and in most instances such conservative measures will permit saving of the kidney on the affected side.
FROM FANCY TO FACT
Authors: Greenberg Robert E. 
Published: December 2021

Recognition of a given symptom, sign, or abnormal laboratory finding represents the start of a long, often tortuous path. The trail soon broadens, as combinations of findings coalesce into syndromes. Blind alleys, thick forests, and divergent roads beguile and confuse the traveler. One may stumble onto the main route by application of rational, physiologic patterns of thought. Charting a discrete map to finite understanding and effective therapy is dependent upon delineation of underlying cellular mechanisms.
Similar parables have often been utilized to indicate the applicability and essentiality of studies of cellular and intercellular processes in relation to human physiology and disease.
WHAT CHILDREN READ ABOUT VOLTAIRE IN 1811
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Once upon a time children's readers contained chapters describing the weaknesses of famous people. That Voltaire's character left much to be desired is evident from the following lesson read by school children more than a century and a half ago.
He loves the court, yet grows weary of it: he has sensibility without connections, and is voluptuous without passion. He is attached to nothing by choice, but to every thing through inconstancy. As he reasons without principle, his judgment has its intervals, like the folly of others. He has a clear head, but a corrupt heart. He thinks of every thing, and treats every thing with derision.
He is a libertine, without a constitution for pleasure; and can moralize without morality. His vanity is excessive, but his avarice still greater; he therefore writes less for fame than money, for which he may be said both to hunger and thirst. He is in haste to work, that he may haste to live: lie was made to enjoy, and determined only to hoard. Such is the man, and such is the author.
Voltaire has much foreign and much French literatune; nor is he deficient in that sort of mixed erudition that is now so fashionable. He is a politician, a naturalist, a geometrician, or whatever he pleases; but he is always superficial, because he is not able to think deeply. He could not, however, flourish as he does upon those subjects, without great ingenuity.
His taste is rather delicate than just; he is a witty satirist, a bad critic, and a dabbler in the abstracted sciences: imagination is his element, and yet strange as it is, he has no invention.
DRUG USE AND ATTITUDES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Yancy W. S. , Nader Philip R. , Burnham Katherine L. 
Published: December 2021

A random survey of 7,414 10th, 11th, and 12th graders in Monroe County, New York, revealed alcohol to be the most commonly used drug (85%). Twenty-seven percent had used marijuana. Experience with LSD (8.6%) and heroin (2.6%) was lower. Frequent and continued use was less prevalent for all drugs. Students indicated that curiosity was the main reason for beginning drug use.
Except for marijuana the students tend to view drugs as dangerous. The youth state that "drug centers" are needed and would he used but should not be staffed by parents or police.
HEROIN INTOXICATION IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Kaufman David M. , Hegyi Thomas , Duberstein Joel L. 
Published: December 2021

Three Bronx, New York hospitals have admitted 49 cases of heroin intoxication (overdose) in adolescents during a period of three and a half years.
The patients were aged 14 to 17 years, male in 42 cases, and addicted in only two cases.
Patients presented with miosis, respiratory depression, obdundation, and, in 33 cases, thoracic rales, or rhonchi. Chest x-ray revealed infiltrates in 34 cases and blood gas analysis showed hypoxia and acidosis in 14 cases. Their course was complicated by pulmonary edema in 28 cases, pneumonia in 16, aspiration in 9, and permanent cerebral damage in 2 cases. Three cases were fatal.
Therapy of choice is immediate institution of an airway and ventilation with oxygen. Naloxone (Narcan), a new narcotic antagonist should be administered intravenously, 0.01 mg/kg, with additional doses as clinically indicated.
Dr. and Mrs. Alfred Washburn
Authors: Gordon Harry H. 
Published: December 2021

This letter is written in tribute to Dr. and Mrs. Alfred H. Washburn, who died in Denver on March 19 and June 24, 1972, at ages 77 and 73, respectively—he after seven years of circulatory disability, she after a short illness with cancer.
Dr. Washburn, white-capped and towering like the Colorado peaks he loved so well, came to Denver in 1930 from Amherst and Harvard via Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Boston Children's and City Hospitals, practice in Portland, Oregon, and combined teaching and practice at the University of California Medical School in San Francisco.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Wegman Myron E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Cunningham's points are well taken. The most easily preventable deaths in the groups still experiencing higher infant mortality are those due to infectious disease and nutritional problems. The two measures emphasized by Dr. Cunningham would have highly salutary effects and should be supported by all pediatricians.
Despite the evidence that bottle-feeding can be safe and effective, breast-feeding offers obvious advantages in simplicity, security against infection, and suitability of nutrients. The observed decline in breast-feeding with advancing development or "civilization" is deplorable and it is reprehensible that we have not undertaken sufficient investigation as to how the trend can be reversed.
Immunological Effects of Injection Therapy
Authors: Glaser Jerome 
Published: December 2021

This is with reference to the publication by May and associates regarding the subject noted above.
I am very puzzled by this report. If I understand correctly, the conclusions are or at least the inference is that it was not possible to show a hyposensitizing effect of the customary injection treatment of children with allergic rhinitis or asthma or both because in no case did intradermal skin tests with the allergens become negative. It is also stated that "as judged by the review of the clinical records and physician's and parent's opinions, improvement or worsening of clinical manifestations did not seem to be different in injected and uninjected subjects."
Hospital Isolation and Precaution Guidelines
Authors: Gardner Pierce , Breton Sylvia , Carles Diana G. 
Published: December 2021

Infections acquired in hospitals have been recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality since before the era of Semmelweis and Lister. Hospital isolation and precaution procedures have evolved along highly individualistic lines depending on the facilities, patient population and the degree of concern regarding nosocomial infections at a particular hospital. In recent years, a number of valuable manuals which offer details of isolation and precaution techniques as well as recommendations for the hospital control of particular infectious diseases have become available. These include:
1. Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare: Isolation Techniques Used in Hospitals. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970.
2. Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, ed. 16. Evanston, Illinois: American Academy of Pediatrics, 1970.
3. Infection Control in the Hospital, ed. 2. Chicago: American Hospital Association, 1970.
4. Benenson, A. S. (ed.): Control of Communicable Diseases in Man, ed. 11. New York: American Public Health Association, 1970.
5. Top, F. H. (ed.): Control of Infectious Diseases in General Hospitals. New York: American Public Health Association, 1967.
In an attempt to synthesize these recommendations into a more easily utilized form, the following alphabetical listing of diseases and conditions has been developed by members of the Infections Control Committee at the Children's Hospital Medical Center. It should be stressed that these are guidelines based on current understanding of the natural history and epidemiology of certain infections. In our hospital, modifications are frequently necessary due to heavy demand for the limited isolation facilities.
Minor Physical Anomalies and Neurologic Status in Hyperactive Boys
Authors: Quinn Patricia O. , Rapoport Judith L. 
Published: December 2021

The "hyperactivity" syndrome or "minimal brain dysfunction" has received considerable attention from teachers, psychologists and pediatricians over the past decade. The varied symptoms of restlessness, irritability, short attention span, impulsivity, motor incoordination and perceptual-cognitive disability may be prevalent in from 4% to 10% of grade school children.
Several etiologic factors for this disorder have been proposed. In 1956 Rogers and Pasamanick found a higher rate of pregnancy complications for cases of behavior disorder compared to controls. Several replications of these findings have supported the postulate of a continuum of reproductive casualty in which disability varies with extent of damage. However, some recent studies of behavior disorders have not found a clear relationship among perinatal difficulties, neurologic signs, cognitive abnormalities and behavior problems.
The evidence for genetic transmission of hyperactivity has also been examined; family clustering and sib half-sib studies have supported a genetic model. In addition, parents of hyperactive children have been noted to have a higher incidence of psychiatric disturbances not seen in their adoptive counterparts.
The heterogeneity of this population and the variety of the theoretical models for the condition suggest that further clinical subclassification for hyperactive children is needed.
In 1960 Daryn, examining 86 children with "diffuse brain damage," noted the frequent occurrence of minor physical anomalies for this group. Waldrop used the presence of minor physical anomalies to predict hyperactive behavior in a nursery school population. Waidrop and co-workers have reported four replications of this study with preschool populations, children with speech and hearing disorders, and an elementary school population. Rosenberg and Weller found that high ratings of minor physical anomalies were associated with school failure for an unselected population of 99 first-grade children.
Recovery From Disseminated Candidiasis in a Premature Neonate
Authors: Hill Harry R. , Mitchell Thomas G. , Matsen John M. , Quie Paul G. 
Published: December 2021

The management of candidemia in neonates is difficult since even transient episodes of fungal septicemia may lead to widespread tissue invasion and multiple secondary complications.1-8 The patient reported here was a premature neonate receiving parenteral hyperalimentation and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy when Candida septicemia developed. The septicemia was followed by Candida arthritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, endophthalmitis and pyelonephritis. Initial treatment with 5-fluorocytosine rapidly resulted in the emergence of resistant organisms, but prolonged therapy with a combination of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine brought about a satisfactory clinical response and reversed the destructive changes observed in the eyes, bones and joints. Four months after discontinuation of antifungal therapy, the patient had a recurrence of Candida ophthalmic infection which responded to another course of amphotericin B.
CASE REPORT
The patient was a 1,928-gm infant born to a 33-year-old primagravida at approximately 32 weeks' gestation. The infant, who was delivered by cesarean section because of placenta previa, required intubation and resuscitation in the delivery room. Because of persistent respiratory distress and periods of apnea, the patient was transferred to the University of Minnesota Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at approximately 12 hours of age. Severe hyaline membrane disease necessitated the use of respiratory therapy, and an umbilical artery catheter was inserted to monitor blood gases.
On the fifth hospital day, apnea, acidosis, and questionable pneumatosis intestinalis observed on an abdominal x-ray prompted the institution and continuance of penicillin and kanamycin therapy, although blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid cultures remained sterile. Hyperalimentation through the umbilical arterial catheter was started on the sixth hospital day.
Neonatal Islet Cell Adenoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fischer Gerald W. , Vazquez Angel M. , Buist Neil R. M. , Campbell John R. , McCarty Eugene , Egan Edmund T. 
Published: December 2021

Islet cell adenomata are uncommon in children, although more than 50 cases have been reported.1-3 Of these, only about a dozen cases were in the newborn period.4-12 For this reason we report here another case and provide a brief review of this disorder in the neonatal period.
CASE REPORT
A male infant was born April 14, 1972, after an uncomplicated pregnancy and a spontaneous term delivery. Birth weight was 4.2 kg. The one- and five-minute Apgar scores were 9 and 10, respectively.
Attacks of sweating and cyanosis associated with severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose &lt;10 mg/100 ml) were first noted at 24 hours of age. These persisted despite repeated glucose administration and in the face of continuous intravenous glucose infusion (25 gm/kg/24 hr) and intravenous hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/24 hr). After some days on oral glucose, 30 gm/kg/24 hr, the symptoms were ameliorated and the steroids were then discontinued. The child was discharged 15 days after birth on frequent oral feedings, although normoglycemia could not be maintained.
Two days after discharge, seizures and lethargy prompted readmission. An intravenous glucose tolerance test and a glucagon tolerance test were performed; the results are shown in Table I. Other studies included normal blood electrolytes, calcium, and BUN. Plasma cortisol was 6µg/100 ml. During this admission, the severe hypoglycemia persisted and treatment with prednisone (2 mg/kg/day) for one week followed by a trial of diazoxide (10 mg/kg/day) for seven days produced no obvious benefit (Table I).
At 6 weeks of age, the patient developed cardiac failure while still receiving 10 mg/kg/day of diazoxide and was transferred to the University of Oregon Medical School.
O2 Content and Pao2
Authors: Mair Douglas D. 
Published: December 2021

The April 1973 issue of Pediatrics contained a Letter to the Editor from Gerald B. Merenstein, M.D. In his letter, Dr. Merenstein was guilty of a fundamental error in the understanding of the mechanism of oxygen uptake by the tissues. Because this misconception is not uncommon, I believe that the topic deserves comment.
Dr. Merenstein compared systemic arterial oxygen content of two neonates in a hypothetical example (he referred to oxygen content as oxygen capacity, but this error is relatively unimportant). His illustration was as follows: