bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and Standardization of Anti-acne Herbal Foaming Face Wash using Curcuma longa along with Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Citrus sinensis
Authors: Lal Niharika , Rana Maharabi , Sagar Bhanu P. S. , Verma Navneet 
Published: October 2021

Objectives:
Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disorder that peaks in teenagers, but
many men and women between 20-40 years of age are also affected by the disorder. For the treatment
of acne, herbal medications are considered safer than allopathic medicines as allopathic
medicines are associated with side effects, such as contact allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity,
itching, and redness of the skin, etc. The present research work was performed to check
the effectiveness of foaming face wash formulation containing Curcuma longa along with herbals
excipient Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Citrus sinensis. Curcuma longa has been reported to contain
active phytoconstituents having significant anti-microbial activity and being used locally for
acne.

Method:
The plant materials Curcuma longa, Aloe vera, Rosa centifolia, and Citrus sinensis were
authenticated, and their extracts have been prepared using Soxhlet Apparatus and the resulting essential
oil was analyzed for its physical properties. The foaming face wash was then prepared by using
the herbal extracts with excipients that were free from sulfates, parabens, silicone, and
petroleum products. Two formulations, A1and A2, have been prepared and their physicochemical
studies were performed. The presence and efficacy of Curcuma longa in the suppression of Propionibacterium
acnes were assessed by analytical methods and anti-microbial techniques, respectively.
Skin irritation studies were conducted using Wistar rats by the scoring method. Accelerated stability
studies were also performed for 60 days.

Result:
The physicochemical properties were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Analytical
techniques like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography,
and Infra-Red spectral analysis confirmed the qualitative presence of Curcuminoid,
which is a mixture of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin (4-hydroxycinnamoyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyl)
methane), and Bis- demethoxycurcumin (bis-(4-hydroxy cinnamoyl) methane) in
the sample. The antibacterial activity of developed face wash assessed against Propionibacterium
acnes was more than that of Clindamycin (10μg/ml). Also, the developed formulation showed very
high activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis concerning the activity of the standard clindamycin.
The prepared formulation showed no sign of localized reactions, which were confirmed
by a skin irritation study, indicating the formulation was safe and compatible with the skin.

Conclusion:
Based on our study, it could be stated that the formulation has antimicrobial activity
and could be used safely on human skin.
Effects of Social Networking Service (SNS) Addiction on Mental Health Status in Chinese University Students: Structural Equation Modeling Approach Using a Cross-sectional Online Survey
Authors: Wang Tingxuan , Wong Janet Y H , Wang Man Ping , Li Amanda Chiu Yin , Kim Sang Suk , Lee Jung Jae 
Published: October 2021

Background
Although social networking services (SNSs) have become popular among young people, problematic SNS use has also increased. However, little is known about SNS addiction and its association with SNS use patterns and mental health status.

Objective
This study aims to test the mediating role of SNS addiction between SNS use patterns and mental health status among Chinese university students in Hong Kong (HK).

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sampling method. In total, 533 university students (323 [66.9%] female, mean age [SD]=20.87 [2.68] years) were recruited from February to March 2019. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between SNS use and SNS addiction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the pathways and associations among SNS use, SNS addiction, psychosocial status, and mental health status (including anxiety and depressive symptoms).

Results
A longer time spent on SNSs per day (>3 h), a longer time spent on each SNS access (≥31 min), a higher frequency of SNS access (≤every 30 min), a longer duration of SNS use before sleeping (≥61 min), and a shorter duration from waking to first SNS use (≤5 min) were significantly associated with a higher level of SNS addiction (adjusted beta [aβ]=6.03, 95% CI 4.66-7.40; aβ=4.99, 95% CI 3.14-6.83; aβ=5.89, 95% CI 4.14-7.64; aβ=5.92, 95% CI 4.19-7.65; and aβ=3.27, 95% CI 1.73-4.82, respectively). SEM showed a significant mediating effect of SNS addiction in the relationship between SNS use and psychosocial status, and mental health status, including an indirect effect (β=0.63, 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and the total effect (β=0.44, 95% CI 0.19-0.72), while the direct effect was insignificant (β=–0.19, 95% CI –0.49 to 0.08).

Conclusions
SNS use patterns were associated with SNS addiction, and SNS addiction mediated the associations between SNS use, psychosocial status, and mental health status of Chinese university students in HK. The findings suggest that screening for and addressing excessive SNS use are needed to prevent SNS addiction and mental distress among young people.
Verifying the Feasibility of Implementing Semantic Interoperability in Different Countries Based on the OpenEHR Approach: Comparative Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome Registries
Authors: Min Lingtong , Atalag Koray , Tian Qi , Chen Yani , Lu Xudong 
Published: October 2021

Background
The semantic interoperability of health care information has been a critical challenge in medical informatics and has influenced the integration, sharing, analysis, and use of medical big data. International standard organizations have developed standards, approaches, and models to improve and implement semantic interoperability. The openEHR approach—one of the standout semantic interoperability approaches—has been implemented worldwide to improve semantic interoperability based on reused archetypes.

Objective
This study aimed to verify the feasibility of implementing semantic interoperability in different countries by comparing the openEHR-based information models of 2 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) registries from China and New Zealand.

Methods
A semantic archetype comparison method was proposed to determine the semantics reuse degree of reused archetypes in 2 ACS-related clinical registries from 2 countries. This method involved (1) determining the scope of reused archetypes; (2) identifying corresponding data items within corresponding archetypes; (3) comparing the semantics of corresponding data items; and (4) calculating the number of mappings in corresponding data items and analyzing results.

Results
Among the related archetypes in the two ACS-related, openEHR-based clinical registries from China and New Zealand, there were 8 pairs of reusable archetypes, which included 89 pairs of corresponding data items and 120 noncorresponding data items. Of the 89 corresponding data item pairs, 87 pairs (98%) were mappable and therefore supported semantic interoperability, and 71 pairs (80%) were labeled as “direct mapping” data items. Of the 120 noncorresponding data items, 114 (95%) data items were generated via archetype evolution, and 6 (5%) data items were generated via archetype localization.

Conclusions
The results of the semantic comparison between the two ACS-related clinical registries prove the feasibility of establishing the semantic interoperability of health care data from different countries based on the openEHR approach. Archetype reuse provides data on the degree to which semantic interoperability exists when using the openEHR approach. Although the openEHR community has effectively promoted archetype reuse and semantic interoperability by providing archetype modeling methods, tools, model repositories, and archetype design patterns, the uncontrolled evolution of archetypes and inconsistent localization have resulted in major challenges for achieving higher levels of semantic interoperability.
Vitamin K Insufficiency in the Indian Population: Pilot Observational Epidemiology Study
Authors: Vaidya Rama , Vaidya Ashok D B , Sheth Jayesh , Jadhav Shashank , Mahale Umakant , Mehta Dilip , Popko Janusz , Badmaev Vladimir , Stohs Sidney J 
Published: October 2021

Background
The fat-soluble K vitamins K1 and K2 play an essential role in the blood coagulation cascade and are made available predominantly through selective dietary intakes. They are less known for their nonessential roles in a family of vitamin K–dependent proteins that promote various functions of organs and systems in the body. A lack of vitamin K can characterize vitamin and nutritional element insufficiency, which is different from a clinically apparent vitamin deficiency.

Objective
This epidemiological study evaluated the nutritional status of vitamin K in a sample of the Indian population and vitamin K content in staple Indian foods.

Methods
Serum levels of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 in the form of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) were assessed via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection in 209 patients with type 2 diabetes, 50 healthy volunteers, and common staple foods in India.

Results
After comparing populations with high and low serum vitamin K levels from various geographical regions, our results indicated that the sample of healthy Indian individuals and the sample of Indian patients with type 2 diabetes had low (insufficient) levels of vitamin K2 (MK-7; range 0.3-0.4 ng/mL). No significant differences existed in vitamin K1–related and MK-7–related values between healthy male and female subjects, between male and female subjects with diabetes, and between the healthy sample and the sample of patients with diabetes. The staple, commonly consumed Indian foods that were tested in this study had undetectable levels of vitamin K2, while levels of vitamin K1 varied widely (range 0-37 µg/100 g).

Conclusions
Based on our sample’s low serum levels of vitamin K2 (MK-7) as well as the low levels of vitamin K2 in their typical diet, we propose that the general Indian population could benefit from the consumption of vitamin K2 in the form of MK-7 supplements.

Trial Registration
Clinical Trials Registry - India CTRI/2019/05/014246; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=21660&EncHid=&userName=014246; Clinical Trials Registry - India CTRI/2019/03/018278; http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=32349&EncHid=&userName=018278
Budesonide/formoterol versus salmeterol/fluticasone for asthma in children: an effectiveness and safety analysis
Authors: Jiang Ping , Zhao Lanyu , Yao Zezhong 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The efficacy of budesonide + formoterol therapy compared with high-dose salmeterol + fluticasone therapy plus short-acting β-agonist (SABA) has not been evaluated specifically in children.
Objectives:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of budesonide + formoterol combination therapy two times a day plus as needed compared with salmeterol + fluticasone two times a day plus SABA (as needed) in children in China.
Methods:
This prospective cohort study included 164 children with persistent asthma (aged 12–17 years) who had experienced a minimum of one asthma exacerbation in 12 months prior to the study. The primary outcome was the time to the first severe exacerbation.
Results:
Eighty-two children were assigned to each of two groups. The exacerbation rate per 100 patients per year was not found to be significantly different. The number of patients with hospitalization/emergency room therapy was lower in budesonide + formoterol group, but the risk difference was not statistically significant. Asthma control measures showed comparable effects. Both treatments were well-tolerated.
Conclusion:
No significant differences were observed in the outcome measures between the groups. Budesonide + formoterol therapy is a favorable approach in terms of a low load of ICS, steroid exposure, need for multiple inhalers and cost.
EL DETERIORO DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA POBREZA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Anaya Narváez Alfredo , Martínez Benítez Jhon , Valencia Burgos Luis Carlos 
Published: October 2021

La pobreza y el deterioro del medio ambiente se encuentran íntimamente relacionados, lo cual resulta del análisis amplio que se debe hacer sobre la pobreza, no solo considerando elementos que afectan al ser humano de manera directa, como son la carencia de aquellas necesidades básicas de alimentación, salud, vivienda, educación etc. o de las que circunscriben el entorno meramenteeconómico o valoración monetaria del mismo; sino al hecho de que todos los seres humanos están inmersos en una red de interacciones que posibilitan su relación con otros seres vivos y que permiten el bienestar y aseguramiento de la especie. En efecto, los factores que inducen a la pobreza son los mismos que transgreden el bienestar de los seres vivos; los cuales se han convertido en dinamizadores del quebranto significativo del medio ambiente; la sobreexplotación de los recursos naturales, la extinción de numerosas especies animales y vegetales; el deterioro de la tierra, el agua y el aire son consecuencias que se derivan de este círculo vicioso en que los seres humanos tienen una indudable responsabilidad. Colombia no es ajena a esta problemática por lo cual se hace necesario un mayor esfuerzo de toda la sociedad para atacar las causas generadoras de pobreza que inciden positivamente en la protección del medio ambiente.
Infodemia y la búsqueda de certezas sobre el COVID-19
Authors: Vélez Bermello Gabriela Lourdes , Basilio Franco Jean Carlo 
Published: October 2021

En Ecuador, como en otros países, se propagó la pandemia COVID-19 y con ello la desinformación se incrementó. El portal web Ecuador Chequea, categoriza contenidos desde los más apegados a los hechos y los menos creíbles. La labor generada por este sitio pone en duda si realmente actúa en correspondencia a la necesidad de conocer qué tipo de noticias están ligadas a la veracidad de los acontecimientos con relación a la cantidad de noticias falsas y desinformación generadas sobre el virus en el país. La presente investigación aplica una triangulación entre la bibliografía utilizada, un análisis etnográfico digital y una comparación estadística entre la suma de usuarios con el número de la población ecuatoriana que consume Internet. Esta metodología deja como hallazgo destacable que la función de fact-checking podría ser repensada en sus funciones.
NORMATIVE REGULATION OF LIFE AND HEALTH PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Samvel Asatryan Miopap 
Published: October 2021

The article discusses some philosophical issues of life and health. The content of bioethics is not limited to finding out which approaches to solving problems related to human life and health are more effective, liberal or conservative.
Conservatism stems from the basic premise that human life is an absolute, indisputable value. From the point of view of bioethics, the discovery of the humanitarian potential of liberal values ??is possible only in the conditions of avoiding the extremes of moral relativism, one-sided naturalism, as well as establishing a reasonable balance between conservative and liberal values.
Effects of leukoreduction on N-methylhistamine concentration in stored units of canine whole blood
Authors: Frank Mariah J. , Khattab Mohammad R. , Wills Robert W. , Archer Todd M. , Mackin Andrew J. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. , Steiner Joerg M. , Sullivant Alyssa M. , Thomason John M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of leukoreduction on N-methylhistamine (NMH; a stable histamine metabolite) concentration in units of canine whole blood during storage and incubation at room temperature (approx 22 °C) to simulate temperature conditions during transfusion.

ANIMALS
8 healthy adult Walker Hounds.

PROCEDURES
A standard unit of blood (450 mL) was obtained from each dog twice, with at least 28 days between donations. Blood units collected from 4 dogs during the first donation underwent leukoreduction, whereas the blood units collected from the other 4 dogs did not undergo leukoreduction, prior to storage at 4 °C. The alternate treatment was applied to blood units collected during the second donation. A sample from each unit was obtained for determination of plasma NMH concentration the day of donation (before and after leukoreduction when applicable) and before and after incubation at room temperature for 5 hours on days 14 and 28 of storage.

RESULTS
Units that underwent leukoreduction had substantially lower leukocyte and platelet counts than nonleukoreduced units. Plasma NMH concentration increased immediately after leukoreduction but did not change significantly during the subsequent 28 days of storage, nor did it differ between units that did and did not undergo leukoreduction.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Leukoreduction and simulated transfusion temperature did not affect the histamine load in units of canine whole blood during the first 28 days of storage. Further research is necessary to determine whether histamine contributes to the development and severity of blood transfusion reactions in dogs.
A Levinasian Ethics of Attention
Authors: Marder Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In his rather fragmentary theory of attention, Emmanuel Levinas draws inspiration from phenomenology, while endeavoring to furnish it with an ethical foundation. On ·the one hand, he assigns to attention a crucial role coextensive with intentionality (the idea that, in each case, consciousness is consdous of, or directed toward, something). On the other hand, he mobilizes the methodology of reduction for the purpose of uncovering an ethical substratum of experience in the relation to the Other, which is deeper still than the life of consciousness it animates. Husserlian reduction is not radical enough for Levinas’s philosophical taste, since it fails to recognize. that this life comes into being thanks to the appeal emanating from the Other, whose calling out to me forces me to pay attention, even when it seems that I am attending only to inanimate things. The ethical relation to the Other lies not only at the bottom of all social and political structures, but also at the source of consciousness and of its attentive directedness to that of which it is conscious. Before I am able to intend or to attend to anything whatsoever, I am targeted by the Other, who reverses the movement of intentionality and, at once, breaches and founds my psychic interiority.
A Reabilitação Do Sensível Em Merleau-Ponty Tendo Como Pano De Fundo A Filosofia De Kant
Authors: Sidoncha Urbano Mestre 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we want to address the Merieau Ponty’s thesis which states that occidentai philosophical tradition mistreats sensibiiity. It’s not as we had some kind of substantial doubt regarding this statement which is, in fact, historically and philosophically accurate. However, what is not clear enough is the reason for disregarding the notable effort developed by Kant to restore its value and importance. Thus, we will first attend Kant’s sensibility doctrine which underlies both knowledge and taste, and concentrate subsequently on the reasons for the diagnosis of its insufficiency, according to the principles established by Merleau-Ponty’s theoretical perspective. A final question regarding the distinction between a “Sensitive Reason” and a so called “Aesthetic Reason” will guide the reader trough the central assumptions that lie behind this critical assessment expounded by Merleau-Ponty’s new ontology.
História E Estrutura Em Maurice Merleau-Ponty E Claude Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Scarso Davide 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In one of the working notes from the Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty expresses the intention of resuming his critique of Lévi-Strauss ‘s notion of Gestatung in a future version of the text. The recent publication of the notes from the course at College de France (1954-55), and particularly the first of them regarding “L ‘institution dans ľhistoire personelle et publique”, allows a more thorough understanding of that otherwise rather obscure reference. In this paper, we track Merleau-Ponty’s critique of the anthropologist’s theory of history in the courses on institution as well as in other texts of the sarne period (and particularly relevant is the reference to Les aventures de la dialectique). The French philosopher pursues a conceptual path that may move beyond the radical relativism professed by the Lévi-Strauss, which is nothing but a supplement of natural objectivism, and aims at a “ relativization of the relative”. We thus see how Merleau-Ponty focuses this question on the notion of “historical” and “social” perception, suggesting a “ perceptive” reading of the categories proposed by Lévi-Strauss. We believe that this particular phase of the merleau-pontyan reflection on history is a step of the greater importance in the theoretical path towards the ontological inquiries of his last works.
Empowerment, Emancipation and Engaged Engineering
Authors: Kleba John Bernhard , Cruz Cristiano 
Published: October 2021

The field of engaged engineering encompasses a wide diversity of intervention approaches and ideals that span from Enactus’ social entrepreneurship to grassroots engineering’s liberating co-construction of other possible sociotechnical orders. In common, these initiatives intend to be empowering, even though this concept is hardly thematized in their publications and has never undergone a more systematic analysis. In this paper, departing from an illustration of that lack of reflection (or rigor) concerning empowerment, a general definition for it is first provided to, subsequently, be specified in seven different dimensions related to the assisted community’s empowerment that can be addressed via sociotechnical interventions, from social inclusion to political emancipation. Thus, it analyzes the relationship between empowerment and emancipation, including the risk of disempowering. Next, an analysis of the interventions practiced by Brazilian Enactus’ leading teams and some grassroots engineering initiatives illustrates the provided conceptual framework. The paper concludes by highlighting key issues of empowerment and its relation to emancipation, and addressing some further research themes related to this investigation: refining the presented dimensions of community empowerment, and analyzing empowerment to the broader context of a sociotechnical intervention (e.g., academia, the the state, civil society and economic actors).