bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Burden of Female Breast Cancer: Age-period-cohort Analysis of Incidence Trends from 1990 to 2019 and Forecasts for 2035
Authors: Li Yizhen , Zheng Jinxin , Deng Yujiao , Deng Xinyue , Lou Weiyang , Wei Bajin , Xiang Dong , Hu Jingjing , Zheng Yi , Xu Peng , Yao Jia , Zhai Zhen , Zhou Linghui , Yang Si , Wu Ying , Kang Huafeng , Dai Zhi-Jun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background This study aimed to describe the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer globally, analyze the change pattern of the incidence rates and the disease’s association with age, period, and birth cohort, and subsequently present a forecast of breast cancer incidence.Methods Data for analysis were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 and World Population Prospects 2019 revision by the United Nations (UN). We described the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1990 to 2019 and then calculated the relative risks of period and cohort using an age-period-cohort model, and predicted the trends of ASIRs to 2035.Results In 2019, the global incidence of breast cancer in women increased to 1,977,212 (95% uncertainty interval = 1 807 615 to 2 145 215), with an ASIR of 45.86 (41.91 to 49.76) per 100 000 persons. Among the six selected countries facing burdensome ASIRs, only the USA showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, whereas the others showed an increasing or stable trend. The overall net drift was similar in Japan (1.78%), India (1.66%), and Russia (1.27%), reflecting increasing morbidity from 1990 to 2019. The increase in morbidity was particularly striking in China (2.60%) and not significant in Germany (0.42%). The ASIRs were predicted to continue to increase globally, from 45.26 in 2010 to 47.36 in 2035. In most countries and regions, the age specific incidence rate is the highest in those aged over 70 years and will increase in all age groups until 2035. In high-income regions, the age specific incidence rates are expected to decline in women aged over 50 years. Conclusions The global burden of female breast cancer is becoming more serious, especially in developing countries. Raising awareness of the risk factors and prevention strategies for female breast cancer is necessary to reduce future burden.
The difference of the retinal structural and microvascular characteristics in patients with MOGAD-ON and AQP4-ON
Authors: Yao Yajun , Li Xindi , Xu Yun , Liang Xiaofang , Yang Liu , Shi Fu-Dong , Zhang Xinghu , Tian De-cai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Antibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG-Abs) associated disorders (MOGAD) have been recognized as a disease entity in their own right. Optic neuritis (ON) is the most common symptom in MOGAD.
Objective
To demonstrate the differences in retinal microvascular characteristics between patients with MOGAD-ON and aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) positive ON.
Methods
A prospective study in which optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) were used to measure retinal and microvascular parameters.
Results
22 MOGAD-ON eyes, 32 AQP4-ON eyes and 60 control eyes were included in the study. The thickness of RNFL and GCC in MOGAD-ON eyes is significantly lower than that of HC (p <0.001, respectively), but comparable to AQP4-ON eyes. The vessel density in retina capillary plexus (RCP) reduced significantly in MOGAD-ON than that in AQP4-ON (p < 0.05, respectively). Unlike AQP4-ON, the visual accuracy in MOGAD-ON was positivitly correlated with vessel density of superficial RCP (P = 0.010) and ON relaspe times (P = 0.038).
Conclusion
The retinal neuro-axonal damages between MOGAD-ON and AQP4-ON were comparable. Unlike AQP4-ON eyes, microvascular densities were significantly reduced in MOGAD-ON, and was positively correlated with the deterioration of visual acuity in MOGAD-ON.
Assessing Biomarker Stability and Assay Performance Parameters for the Use of Biomarkers in Mental Disorders; A Study of Early Stage Biomarker Assay Method Development
Authors: jentsch Mike , de Strate Barry van , Meddens Marjolein , Meddens Marcus , Schoevers Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Within the field of psychiatry the development of biomarker based assay methods is relatively young. Recent efforts focused on combining several biomarkers within a panel to increase discriminative power. However, most biomarker panels have failed to advance to the stage of clinical application. An important prerequisite is a proper sampling and storage procedure, based on a priori identified stability properties of all biomarker/body fluid combinations present in the panel. Second, is the performance requisites of the assays in use, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), in order to assure reliable results within and between runs. In this study, we analyzed 24 biomarker assays in 32 biomarker/body fluid combinations. Each biomarker body fluid combination was tested for stability and assay performance. We found hampering stability in almost all cases expect three biomarkers in urine and three in serum. Variability in biomarker stability either indicates decreased biomarker stability or issues in assay performance. This study indicates that basic biomarker/body fluid combination stability provides a good starting point for biomarker panel assay development. However, assay performance plays an important role in the correct interpretation of those results. Along the way of assay development, other quality assurance parameters might be implemented focused on a fit for purpose principle ultimately providing reliable data necessary for diagnostical method implementation.
Perceptions and utilisation of complementary and alternative medicine practices among hospital patients in Bangladesh
Authors: SHAHJALAL MD. , Gow Jeffrey , Rahman Md. Ashfikur , Hossain Md. Jakir , Khan Md. Nafiul Alam , Alam Md. Sazzadul , Hossain Ahmed , Mahumud Rashidul Alam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has played an important role in providing universal access to essential health care services globally. Conventional medicine (CM) driven health care practices are well-developed in Bangladesh; however, millions of people utilise CAM-based healthcare services for specific health conditions or health benefits due to high out-of-pocket payment (74%) in Bangladesh, while the global average is only 32%. Lack of evidence exists about the perception and utilisation of CAM in Bangladesh. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence correlates of the perception and utilisation of CAM among patients who received health care at a tertiary hospital, Bangladesh. MethodsThis study comprised a cross-sectional study with 1,183 individuals from the cross-sectional survey among patients who received health care from Government Unani and Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the adjusted effect of independent factors on CAM health care services utilisation. Results Thirty-three percent of patients utilised CAM health care services, while 67% of patients sought conventional treatment before turning to CAM. CAM health care utilisation was significantly associated with young adult patients aged 26 to 45 years (AOR=6.26, 95% CI:3.24-12.07), patients without education (AOR=2.99, 1.81-4.93), and being married (AOR=1.79, 1.08-2.97). The apparent effectiveness, lower side effects, adequate patient satisfaction, and recommendations from others were the most prevalent reasons for using CAM.ConclusionCM plays a dominant role in health care provision in Bangladesh, with high-level patient satisfaction and health benefits. These results could be valuable for health policymakers as they explore prospects for integrating CAM and conventional medical services.
RNA Binding Protein-Mediated Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Tong Wangxia , Luo Ning , Lan Shengyong , Zhou Xinmei , Wen Xiaodong , Jiang Yuanjing , Feng Wenyong , Yang Tiantian 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The abnormal expression of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in tumors can regulate the functions of immune genes and affect immune microenvironment. The characterization of immune infiltration and its regulatory mechanism from the perspective of RBPs and RBP-regulated immune genes in high-grade gliomas were comprehensively studied by bioinformatics. Prognosis-related RBPs and associated immune genes were obtained from the cancer genome atlas database (TCGA). By clustering RBPs, the potential relationship between the different clusters of RBPs expression and immune infiltration was explored. Immune-related RBP constructs immunosuppressive microenvironment in glioma by regulating immune genes and immune-related genes. Immunosuppression was the predominant type of phenotype with poor prognosis, while immunoinflammation was the predominant type of immunoinflammatory phenotype with good prognosis. RBP can construct immunosuppressive microenvironment by regulating immunosuppressive cells and stromal activation-related factors through directly and indirectly ways. Stromal activation plays a bridging role in tumor immunosuppressive regulation. The immunophenotyp depends on different enrichment states of immune-related RBP, which can change dynamically with the change of tumor pathological grade and affect the prognosis of patients.Our study suggests glioma related RBPs can potentially establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment by regulating immune genes and immune-related genes, which can be directly affected by RBPs clusters with distinct prognosis.
Determination of the use of whey and propolis on some growth characteristics, on blood values and diarhea of the goat kids
Authors: MANAV Selda , YILMAZ Murat 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to obtain an alternative more economical and healthier milk substitute feed by adding whey powder and propolis to cow's milk in goat kid rearing. 40 Saanen goat kids born in the same period and were divided into 4 groups 7 days after thei birth. The kids were divided into 4 groups 10 by 10 into control group (CG) who were kept together with their mothers and into experimental groups 1-2-3 (EG1,EG2, EG3) who were kept in seperate sections. Kids in all three experimental groups were fed only with the formula (cow milk+whey powder+water). In the EG2 and EG3, the kids were given 0. 4 cc and 0. 2 cc propolis respectively in addiditon of the formula once a day. Some growth and development parameters and rectal temperatures of the kids were measured once a week and morning and evening diarrhea scorings were taken in all groups. Some biochemical and hematological analyzes were performed. According to all the results obtained, the differences in the body temperatures and in the glucose and urea values among the groups were found to be significant and the other characteristics were statistically significant (P<0.05). The insignificant difference between the average growth and development parameters of the kids in the CGs in the CG was an important finding in growing kids more economically and reserving the goat milk for more profitable procedures. According to the diarrhea scores, it was observed that propolis was effective on diarrhea and it was concluded that it could be used in growing kids as a preventive measure. Feeding kids with the formula was found more economical than feeding them with mother-milk. As a result of this study, it could be suggested that the use of milk replacers containing whey and propolis will positively affect the growth, the development and the health of the goat’s kids.
Efficacy and safety of single-use flexible ureteroscope（ZebraScopeTM）for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi ≤ 2 cm
Authors: Wang Shun , Jiang Kehua , Chen Xiaolong , Wang Qing , Liang Xiangyi , Tian Yuan , Chen Kun , Sun Fa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a Chinese single-use flexible ureteroscope (ZebraScopeTM) for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi ≤2 cm based on a retrospective database.
Methods

Overall, 84 patients with upper urinary tract calculi who underwent FURS at our hospital from July, 2020 to January, 2021 were enrolled and reviewed. Demographic characteristics and perioperative data were evaluated and analyzed.
Results

We identified 84 patients: 51 male and 33 female. The mean age of the patients was(49.63±12.23)years, and the mean body mass index was༈24.44±3.62༉Kg/m2. The degree of hydronephrosis was absent, mild, moderate and severe in 24, 35, 21 and 4 patients, respectively. The average operation time was༈74.57±42.51༉min, and the average blood loss was༈5.28±4.99༉ml. The catheter retention time was༈1.71±0.99༉day and the double-J tube retention time was༈32.89±13.23༉day. The length of hospital stay was༈4.29±3.28༉day. The stone-free rate was 77.78% after 1-month, and the cost of hospitalization was ¥༈34619±8719.16༉. The overall complication rate was 4.76%. There were significant increase in leukocyte, neutrophils, and decrease in urea nitrogen, albumin and globulin after surgery (P༜0.05), while no significant difference were observed in hemoglobin and creatinine (P༞0.05).
Conclusion

The Chinese single-use ureteral flexible ureteroscope (ZebraScopeTM)can be considered effective and safe for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi ≤ 2 cm.
Quantification of Spatial Pharmacogene Expression Heterogeneity in Breast Tumors
Authors: Powell Nicholas R , Silvola Rebecca M , Howard John S , Badve Sunil , Skaar Todd C , Ipe Joseph 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapeutic drug concentrations vary across different regions of tumors and this is thought to be involved in development of chemotherapy resistance. Insufficient drug delivery to some regions of the tumor may be due to spatial differences in expression of genes involved in the disposition, transport, and detoxification of drugs (pharmacogenes). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the spatial expression of 286 pharmacogenes in 6 breast cancer tissues using the recently developed Visium spatial transcriptomics platform to (1) determine if these pharmacogenes are expressed heterogeneously across tumor tissue and (2) to determine which pharmacogenes have the most spatial expression heterogeneity.Methods: The spatial transcriptomics technology sequences the transcriptome of 55 um diameter barcoded sections (spots) across a tissue sample. We analyzed spatial gene expression profiles of four biobank-sourced breast tumor samples in addition to two breast tumor sample datasets from 10X genomics. Results: Collectively, we identified 8887 spots in tumor regions, 3814 in stroma, 44 in lymphocytes, and 116 in normal regions based on pathologist annotation of the tissues. We showed statistically significant differences in expression of pharmacogenes in tumor regions compared to surrounding non-tumor regions. We also observed that the most heterogeneously expressed genes within tumor regions were involved in ROS handling and detoxification mechanisms. GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, SOD1, CYP4Z1, CYB5R3, GSTK1, and NAT1 showed the most heterogeneous expression within tumor regions. Conclusions: The heterogeneous expression of these pharmacogenes may have important implications for cancer therapy due to their ability to impact drug distribution and efficacy throughout the tumor. Notably, our results suggest that chemoresistance caused by expression of GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, and SOD1 may be intrinsic, not acquired, since the heterogeneity is not specific to chemotherapy-treated samples or cell type.
Tetramethylpyrazine Derivative T-006 Ameliorates the Amyloid-β Plagues of Transgenic Alzhermer's Mice by Modulation of TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Chen Haiyun , Chang Xiao , Zhou Jiemei , Zhang Guiliang , Cheng Jiehong , Zhang Zaijun , Liu Zheng , Yan Chunyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMicroglial activation mediated neuroinflammation was considered as a vital trigger factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). T-006, a new tetramethylpyrazine derivative, has been recently found to alleviate cognitive deficits via inhibition of Tau expression and phosphorylation in AD transgenic mouse models. Here, we hypothesized that T-006 may ameliorate AD-like pathology by suppressing the neuroinflammation. MethodsAPP/PS1 transgenic AD mouse model was used here to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of T-006 and its underlying mechanisms, as well as its potential protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial-induced neurotoxicity.ResultsOur results indicated that T-006 significantly decreased the levels of total amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as well as the ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Ibα-1) expression in the APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, T-006 dramatically suppressed abnormal elevation of inflammatory mediators and reduced the levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and NF-κB signaling related proteins in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells. We also found that TAK242, a TLR4 inhibitor could abolish the down-regulation of T-006 on LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators and reversed the downstream proteins expression containing MyD88 and NF-κB signaling. Importantly, T-006 prevented against neuroinflammation induced neurotoxicity by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) dissipation. Conclusions﻿ T-006 exerts neuroprotective effect in treating AD by suppressing the neuroinflammation through modulation of TLR4-mediated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Insight Into The Aquatic Toxicity And Ecological Risk of Bisphenol B, And Comparison With That of Bisphenol A
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhao Tianyi , Yang Xianhai , Liu Huihui 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
As one of the alternatives of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A, BPA), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane (bisphenol B, BPB) has not gained sufficient concerns so far, due to the limited concentration and toxicity data available. In this study, the acute toxicity of BPB to three aquatic organisms, i.e., Tetradesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio, was investigated, and it showed that Daphnia magna was the most sensitive organism with the half effective concentration (EC50) of 3.93 mg/L. Thereout, the screened Daphnia magna was exposed to BPB for 21 days to explore the chronic toxicity. Results indicated that BPB restricted the body length of parent Daphnia magna and reduced the total number of broods and neonates. The no-observed effect concentration of BPB to Daphnia magna was as low as 0.01 mg/L, which was two orders of magnitude lower than that reported 0.86–5.00 mg/L of BPA. Furthermore, the ecological risk of BPB was quantitatively assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) method. Obviously, although the environmental concentrations and detectable rate of BPB were much lower than that of BPA, its ecological risk was not necessarily lower. Hence, BPB should not be ignored in the future environmental monitoring and management.
Characteristics And Source Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Concentration Changes at Akedala Station in Central Asia
Authors: Zhao Zhujun , Zhongqi LU , Qing HE , Quanwei ZHAO , Jianlin WANG 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mole fractions of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) ,nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) have been continuously measured since September 2009 at the Akdala station (47˚06′N, 87˚58′E, 563.3 masl) in China. The station is located in the Central Asia and northwest of China, and it is the only station in that region with background conditions for long-term greenhouse gas observations. Characteristics of the mole fractions, growth rates as well as influence of long-distance transport were studied considering data from September 2009 to December 2019. The greenhouse gases concentrations at Akedala Station show a trend of year-on-year growth, with CO2 concentrations ranging from 389.80×10-6 to 408.79×10-6 (molar fraction of substances, same below), CH4 concentrations ranging from1890.07×10-9 to 1976.32×10-9, N2O concentrations ranging from 321.26×10-9 to 332.03×10-9, and SF6 concentrations ranging from 7.04×10-12 to 10.07×10-12, the growth rate of which is similar to the decadal average growth rate in the northern hemisphere. There exist obvious seasonal variations, with CO2 concentrations showing high in winter and low in summer and CH4 showing a distinct “W”- shaped trend while N2O and SF6 showing little difference between the four seasons. A relatively strong correlation and homology exist among the four greenhouse gases except in summer, and the analysis based on backward trajectories model shows that the Akedala Station is influenced by the airflow from northwest or southwest throughout the year. The Akedala station is an important atmospheric background station in Central Asia, and its greenhouse gas concentration levels and variation characteristics are significantly different from those of the background stations in the monsoon region. It’s degree changes are closely related to local source emissions, monsoon transport, and atmospheric photochemical processes.