bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of recent experimental results from the ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Tanna R.L. , Macwan Tanmay , Ghosh J. , Jadeja K.A. , Kumar Rohit , Aich S. , Patel K.M. , Raj Harshita , Singh Kaushlender , Dolui Suman , Kumar Ankit , Shukla B.K. , Chattopadhyay P.K. , Makwana M.N. , Shah K.S. , Gupta S. , Balakrishnan V. , Gupta C.N. , Panchal V.K. , Edappala Praveenlal , Arambhadiya B. , Shah Minsha , Gautam Pramila , Raulji V. , Shukla Praveena , Rajpal R. , Nagora U.C. , Patel Kiran , Yadava Nandini , Patel S. , Ramaiya N. , Chowdhuri M.B. , Manchanda R. , Dey R. , Shukla G. , Shah K. , S Varsha , Raval J. , Purohit S. , Tahiliani K. , Kumawat D. , Jha S.K. , Bisai N. , Atrey P.K. , Pathak S.K. , Gupta M.K. , Gopalkrishana M.V. , Doshi B.R. , Sharma Deepti , Srinivasan R. , Raju D. , Chauhan Chetna , Saxena Y.C. , Sen Abhijit , Pal R. , Chaturvedi S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since the 2018 IAEA-FEC conference, in addition to expanding the parameter horizons of the ADITYA-U machine, emphasis has been given to dedicated experiments on inductively driven particle injection (IPI) for disruption studies, runaway electron (RE) dynamics and mitigation, plasma rotation reversal, radiative-improved modes using Ne and Ar injection, modulation of magneto–hydrodynamic modes, edge turbulence using periodic gas puffs and electrode biasing (E-B). Plasma parameters close to the design parameters of circular plasmas with H2 and D2 as fuel have been realized, and the shaped plasma operation has also been initiated. Consistent plasma discharges having I
P ∼ 100–210 kA, t ∼ 300–400 ms, n
e ∼ 3–6 × 1019 m−3, core T
e ∼ 300–500 eV were achieved with a maximum B
T of ∼1.5 T. The enhanced plasma parameters are the outcome of repeated cycles of baking (135 °C), followed by extensive wall conditioning, which includes pulsed glow discharge cleaning in H, He and Ar–H mixture, and lithiumization. A higher confinement time has been observed in D2 compared to H2 plasmas. Furthermore, shaped plasmas are attempted for the first time in ADITYA-U. A first of its kind inductively driven particle injection for disruption mitigation studies has been developed and operated. The injection of solid particles into the plasma core leads to a fast current quench. Two pulses of electron cyclotron resonance wave at 42 GHz are launched in a single discharge: one pulse is used for pre-ionization and the second for heating. In a novel approach, a positively biased electrode is used to confine REs after discharge termination. E-B is also used for controlling the rotation of drift-tearing modes by changing the plasma rotation. Cold pulse propagation and signatures of detachment are observed during the injection of short gas puffs. A correlation between the plasma toroidal rotation and the total radiated power has been observed with neon gas injection-induced improved confinement modes.
A qualitative study and preliminary model of living with dementia and incontinence at home: beyond containment
Authors: Murphy Catherine , de Laine Christine , Macaulay Margaret , Avery Miriam , Fader Mandy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
most people living with dementia (PLWD) will develop incontinence problems with associated harmful consequences. Well-contained incontinence is often the main treatment goal. It would therefore be expected that poorly contained incontinence would have a negative impact.

Aim
to investigate differences in how well-contained or poorly contained incontinence impacts on the experience of living with incontinence for PLWD at home and their carers.

Design
secondary analysis of a qualitative study.

Methods
semi-structured interviews were undertaken with PLWD, carers and healthcare professionals (continence or dementia nurses). PLWD and carers were recruited via www.joindementiaresearch.nihr.ac.uk and via dementia/carer groups. Nurses were recruited via their employers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Framework analysis was used.

Results
forty-five people (twenty-six carers, two PLWD, nine continence nurses and eight dementia nurses) participated. Despite poorly contained incontinence, some PLWD/carer dyads appeared relatively unaffected by incontinence. Conversely, one or both members of some dyads who achieved good containment found incontinence care highly challenging. Four themes were identified, together forming a preliminary model of incontinence containment and impact, as follows:

Conclusion
reliable containment is an important goal for PLWD living at home and their carers, but it is not the only goal. Other factors, such as behaviours that challenge or carer coping strategies, can mean that even well-contained incontinence can have a negative impact. This paper proposes a preliminary model for evaluation.
Integrating the ISO 14034 standard as a platform for carbon capture and utilization technology performance evaluation
Authors: Hansen Tim , McCabe Kevin , Chatterton Bill , Leitch Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Independent testing and verification of emerging technologies are vital parts of the technology-commercialization process. With the rapid development of carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies, where existing standards and certifications do not exist, independent verification approaches and guidelines can provide a means to obtain credible information for an emerging market. The ISO 14034:2016—Environmental Management: Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) standard can serve as a foundational platform to ensure the consistency, quality and credibility of data on CCU technology performance, enabling direct comparisons between technologies and reducing risk to decision-makers regarding potential investment, future deployment and ultimate impacts of CCU innovations. Applying the fundamental principles of ISO 14034 to the evaluation of nine finalist CCU technologies competing in the NRG COSIA Carbon XPRIZE ensured that data used to evaluate competitors was of high quality, consistent across technologies and met the information needs of the XPRIZE and competition judges responsible for selecting winners. The approaches outlined here, including verification parameters and verification tasks for both XPRIZE-specific technology evaluations and full CCU technology evaluation by an accredited entity in conformance with the ISO 14034 standard, provide insight into the potential benefits—methodological consistency, high-quality data, independent oversight, methodological flexibility and broad applicability—and limitations—technology readiness and applicability, verification and instrumentation costs and lack of specificity—of the approach in an application for the evaluation of emerging technologies. Further application of the ISO 14034 standard and principles, developed through a consensus approach that incorporates other developing guidelines, can drive consistency and credibility for technology-performance evaluations across the CCU sector, ultimately leading to reduced risk and improved market access for new innovations.
White Matter Functional Connectivity in Resting-State fMRI: Robustness, Reliability, and Relationships to Gray Matter
Authors: Wang Pan , Wang Jianlin , Michael Andrew , Wang Zedong , Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Meng Chun , Biswal Bharat B 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA comprehensive characterization of the spatiotemporal organization in the whole brain is critical to understand both the function and dysfunction of the human brain. Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) of gray matter (GM) has helped in uncovering the inherent baseline networks of brain. However, the white matter (WM), which composes almost half of brain, has been largely ignored in this characterization despite studies indicating that FC in WM does change during task and rest functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, we identify 9 white matter functional networks (WM-FNs) and 9 gray matter functional networks (GM-FNs) of resting fMRI. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated on multirun fMRI data to estimate the reliability of static functional connectivity (SFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (DFC). Associations between SFC, DFC, and their respective ICCs are estimated for GM-FNs, WM-FNs, and GM-WM-FNs. SFC of GM-FNs were stronger than that of WM-FNs, but the corresponding DFC of GM-FNs was lower, indicating that WM-FNs were more dynamic. Associations between SFC, DFC, and their ICCs were similar in both GM- and WM-FNs. These findings suggest that WM fMRI signal contains rich spatiotemporal information similar to that of GM and may hold important cues to better establish the functional organization of the whole brain.
Intergenerational neuroimaging study: mother–infant functional connectivity similarity and the role of infant and maternal factors
Authors: Kim Pilyoung , Chen Haitao , Dufford Alexander J , Tribble Rebekah , Gilmore John , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Mother and infant neural and behavioral synchrony is important for infant development during the first years of life. Recent studies also suggest that neural risk markers associated with parental psychopathology may be transmitted across generations before symptoms emerge in offspring. There is limited understanding of how early similarity in brain functioning between 2 generations emerges. In the current study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the functional connectivity (FC) similarity between mothers and newborns during the first 3 months after the infant’s birth. We found that FC similarity between mothers and infants increased as infant age increased. Furthermore, we examined whether maternal factors such as maternal socioeconomic status and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms may influence individual differences in FC similarity. For the whole-brain level, lower maternal education levels were associated with greater FC similarity. In previous literature, lower maternal education levels were associated with suboptimal cognitive and socioemotional development. Greater FC similarity may reflect that the infants develop their FC similarity prematurely, which may suboptimally influence their developmental outcomes in later ages.
Repair of common arterial trunk: palliation and delayed correction as a viable alternative strategy in selected patients
Authors: Cuomo Michela , Purbojo Ariawan , Blumauer Robert , Schöber Martin , Wällisch Wolfgang , Dittrich Sven , Cesnjevar Robert Anton 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Primary repair of common arterial trunk (CAT) is burdened by high mortality rates, especially in the presence of multiple risk factors. Timing, possible palliative methods, optimal management of associated cardiac lesions and handling of a poor preoperative state are still under discussion.

METHODS
We retrospectively analysed all patients who underwent surgery for CAT in our institution between 2008 and November 2020. We included 22 patients, 11 of whom received primary correction (PC) and 11 of whom underwent initial palliation by partial repair, leaving the ventricular septal defect open and connecting the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries with a small valveless right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit. A delayed correction (DC) was performed after 11.5 ± 3.6 months.

RESULTS
The overall operative mortality was 4.5%; 1 patient (affected by severe truncal valve stenosis and presenting in a poor state preoperatively) in the DC group died after palliation. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis was significantly higher in the PC group (P = 0.027). No patient from either group required postoperative extracorporeal support. Survival rates after 6 years differed slightly (PC group, 90%; DC group, 70%; log-rank = 0.270).

CONCLUSIONS
PC of CAT remains an optimal surgical approach for patients with an expected low mortality. However, our data support palliation and DC as a suitable alternative strategy, especially in the presence of significant risk factors like interrupted aortic arch, poor preoperative condition or complex surgical anatomy.
Flow displacement and decreased wall shear stress might be associated with the growth rate of an ascending aortic dilatation
Authors: Korpela Tarmo , Kauhanen S Petteri , Kariniemi Elina , Saari Petri , Liimatainen Timo , Jaakkola Pekka , Vanninen Ritva , Hedman Marja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to evaluate whether four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can predict the growth rate of dilatation of the ascending aorta (AA) in patients with a tricuspid, normally functioning aortic valve.

METHODS
In this prospective clinical study, aortic 4D flow MRI was performed at the Kuopio University Hospital on 30 patients diagnosed with AA dilatation (maximum diameter &gt;40 mm) between August 2017 and July 2020. The MRI was repeated after a 1-year follow-up, with AA dimensions and 4D flow parameters analysed retrospectively at both time points. The standard error of measurement was used to assess the statistical significance of the growth rate of AA dilatation. Flow displacement (FD) was transformed to a class-scaled parameter using FD ≥5% as a threshold.

RESULTS
Statistically significant growth [median 2.1 mm (1.5–2.2 mm); P = 0.03] was detected in 6 male patients (20%); the AA diameter remained unchanged [0.2 mm (−0.3 to 0.9 mm)] in 24 patients (80%). An increased FD at the baseline was associated with significant growth during the 1-year follow-up in the proximal AA. An association was detected between decreased total wall shear stress and significant aortic growth in the inner curve of the sinotubular junction [529 mPa (449–664 mPa) vs 775 mPa (609–944 mPa); P = 0.03] and the anterior side of the proximal aortic arch [356 mPa (305–367 mPa) vs 493 mPa (390–586 mPa); P &lt; 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS
FD and decreased wall shear stress seem to be associated with significant growth of AA dilatation at the 1-year follow-up. Thus, 4D flow MRI might be useful in assessing risk for AA diameter growth in patients with a tricuspid aortic valve.
Antithrombotic strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Almeida I , Santos H , Santos M , Miranda H , Chin J , Sa C , Almeida S , Sousa C , Almeida L ,   Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequent in patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The development of this arrhythmia occurs in 2–21% of patients with non ST-elevation ACS and 21% of ST-elevation ACS. According with the most recent European guidelines, a short period up to 1 week of triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) is recommended, followed by dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) using a NOAC and a single antiplatelet agent, preferably clopidogrel.

Objective
To compare the antithrombotic strategy (DAT vs TAT) used and its prognostic value in patients with AF and ACS.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients' data admitted with ACS in a multicentric registry between 10/2010–09/2019. TAT was defined as the prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy and one anticoagulant and DAT as one antiplatelet and one anticoagulant. Survival and rehospitalization were evaluated through Kaplan-Meier curve.

Results
1067 patients were included, mean age 67±14 years, 72.3% male. Patients who developed de novo AF during hospitalization due to ACS were older (75±12 vs 66±14 years, p&lt;0.001) and with higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. AF was more often in patients with ST elevation ACS (53.4%). During hospitalization, AF patients were more often medicated with aspirin, glycoprotein inhibitor, heparin, fondaparinux and vitamin K antagonists. No difference was found regarding P2Y12 inhibitors. AF patients presented more often obstructive coronary disease (normal coronaries 5.4 vs 8.5%, p&lt;0.001) so they were more often submitted to PCI (79.5 vs 70.9%, p&lt;0.001). AF patients presented with higher rates of adverse in-hospital events as re-infarction, heart failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, stroke, major bleeding and death (p&lt;0.001). At discharge, AF patients were less prescribed with aspirin or ticagrelor, but the rate of clopidogrel prescription was higher, such as vitamin K antagonists or any of the new anticoagulants. In the AF group, 21.5% patients were discharged with TAT and 30.3% with DAT. Concerning patients discharged with TAT, 1-year follow-up revealed no significant differences in mortality (p=0.578), re-admission for cardiovascular causes (p=0.301) and total re-admission rates (p=0.291). Patients discharged with DAT had similar mortality (p=0.623) and re-admission for cardiovascular causes rates (p=0.138), but significant differences were identified regarding total re-admissions (p=0.024).

Conclusions
In patients with ACS and de novo AF, a low percentage of patients was discharged with oral anticoagulation (51.8%). In those whose anticoagulation was initiated, DAT was the preferred strategy. 1-year outcomes were not different between the antithrombotic strategy, except for all cause re-admission.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Mechanical circulatory support for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide multicentre study
Authors: Moerk S R , Stengaard C , Linde L , Moller J E , Andreasen J B , Laugesen H , Thomassen S A , Freeman P M , Christensen S , Tang M , Gregers E , Kjaergaard J , Hassager C , Eiskjaer H , Terkelsen C J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has shown potential as a salvage therapy for patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Despite growing interest in and a growing body of literature on ECPR for refractory OHCA, robust evidence on patient eligibility is still lacking.

Purpose
To describe the survival, neurological outcome, and adherence to the national consensus with respect to use of ECPR for OHCA, and to identify factors associated with outcome.

Methods
Retrospective, observational cohort study of patients who underwent ECPR for OHCA at four cardiac arrest centres. Binary logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed to assess association with 30-day mortality.

Results
A total of 259 patients receiving ECPR for OHCA between July 2011 and December 2020 were included in the study. Thirty-day survival was 26% and a good neurological outcome Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–2 was observed in 94% of patients at discharge. Strict adherence to the national consensus showed a 30-day survival rate of 30%. Adding one or more of the following criteria to the national consensus: signs of life during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), pre-hospital low-flow &lt;100 minutes, pH &gt;6.8 and lactate &lt;15 mmol/L increased the survival rate to 48%, but would exclude 58% of the survivors from the current cohort. Logistic regression identified initial presenting rhythm with asystole (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.18–1.57), pulseless electrical activity (PEA) (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.41), initial pH &lt;6.8 (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.12–1.46) and lactate levels &gt;15 mmol/L (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.16–1.53) as factors associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients presenting signs of life during CPR had threefold higher survival rate than patients without signs of life (45% versus 13%, p&lt;0.001)

Conclusion
A high survival rate with a good neurological outcome was observed in this population of patients treated with ECPR for OHCA. Signs of life during CPR may aid the decision-making in the selection of appropriate candidates. Stringent patient selection for ECPR may produce higher survival rates but potentially withholds life-saving treatment in a significant proportion of survivors, why optimization of the selection criteria is still necessary.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by the Danish Heart Foundation [20-R142-A9498-22178]; and Health Research Foundation of Central Denmark Region [R64-A3178-B1349] Survival and adherence to consensusSigns of life during CPR
Evaluation of adverse outcomes in patients with Troponinemia without significant coronary artery disease; a proposal application of the ACTION-ICU Score
Authors: Idrovo C P , Vasquez J F V , Navarro A , Medina R I , Carreno M , Giraldo L E , Isaza D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Elevated troponin in absence of significant coronary artery disease is a frequent situation that is associated with increased mortality. Criteria to estimate complications in these patients are not defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of the ACTION-ICU score, a scale designed to predict likelihood of complication requiring ICU care for patients with NSTEMI, to define risk of complications in patients with elevated troponin without significant coronary artery disease.

Methods
A retrospective study of patients with elevated troponin and no significant coronary artery disease were selected to apply the ACTION-ICU Score to predict likelihood of complications. Complications were defined as cardiac arrest development, shock, high-grade atrioventricular block, respiratory failure, stroke, or death during the index hospitalization. ROC Curves were created to determine the predictive power.

Results
1221 patients were screened, of them 181 presented elevated troponin without significant coronary artery disease; age median 65 year (IQR 56–75 years), female 48,1%. Of 181 patients, 73.5% were admitted to ICU based on physician criteria. Only 13.3% of patients presented a complication. A score greater than 5 was present in 33.7% of the patients, of which 5,5% presented a complication. ROC to predict complications was 0,75 (95% CI: 0,65–0,86). Best cut off point was &gt;6 points, sensitivity 70.83%, specificity 72.08%, LR+ 2.54, LR− 0.4.

Conclusions
In patients with elevated troponin and no significant coronary artery disease, the ACTION-ICU Score was a predictive scale for the development of complications with adequate accuracy. The best cut-off point for this classification in patients with elevated troponin in absence of significant coronary artery disease was &gt;6.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. ROC Curve of ACTION-ICU score &gt;6 points