bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cacoepy (bad pronunciation or mispronunciation) of scientific terms and their effect on learning of secondary level science students
Authors: Rasheed Arsalan , Shahzadi Anita 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This research investigates cacoepy of science terminology encountered by the secondary level school students of Kohat district. The problem of cacoepy of scientific terms needs investigation due to the assumption that mispronunciations if learned in secondary level were still frequently performed by the advanced level students or may be throughout their life. The current research was designed in order to identify the cacoepy of common science terminologies by secondary school students and to study the science teachers’ views on secondary level science textbooks produced by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook board. It was found that majority of the students like science subjects and find the terminologies difficult in which most of the terms contain more than 7 alphabets and were considered as complex terms. Due to this complexity, students feel difficulty in learning of scientific terms. Most of science terms were derived from Greek, Latin and other ancient languages, so students cannot understand their meanings. Almost every chapter of secondary school biology, chemistry and physics is overloaded with difficult terms and students felt difficulty in preparation of those subjects in which mostly difficult terms were found in biology. Mostly science teachers emphasize goals for school science that are directed only toward preparing students for the next academic level (for further formal study of science) and finishing his course within session ignoring the students` pronunciation of scientific terminologies. It is recommended that authors should use simple terms and avoid terms containing more than 7 alphabets. It is important to expose the students of secondary level to such a workload which is appropriate for their studying needs instead of annual books`s revision and insertion of high workload. Teachers should insert few terms into science lessons for practising daily, and it is enough to devote a minute or two to some pronunciation issue so that fluency during lecture is not interrupted a lot. Pointing out a pronunciation problem when it has just arisen in the course is a good way of introducing correct pronunciation into the class. English plays an important part in the development of students because of its present and future as an international language. Real life activities or examples should be associated with important topics. Textbooks should be altered for language of explanation to match the level of students in secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and some outdated themes should be replaced with new themes to meet the needs of the 21st century. It is suggested that the textbook board in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa should include the urdu phonology and meaning of the found terminologies at the start of each chapter.
GSTT1 and GSTM1 Polymorphisms with Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women from Southern Brazil: A Case-control Study
Authors: Bortolli Ana Paula Reolon , Vieira Valquíria Kulig , Treco Indianara Carlotto , Pascotto Claudicéia Risso , Wendt Guilherme Welter , Lucio Léia Carolina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Some important factors for the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are well defined as early sexual activity, use of contraceptives, tobacco smoking, immunological and genetic factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms, GSTM1 and GSTT1, and HPV infection and associated risk factors in a group of women assisted in the public health system in southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Methods and results A case-control study was designed, in which the case group consisted of 21 women with HPV, matched by age, with the control group, 84 women without the virus. Viral detection was conducted via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping by Multiplex PCR. The results showed that the GSTT1 null allele was a protective factor against infection (ORadj: 0.219; 95% CI 0.078-0.618; p=0.004). No relationship was observed for the GSTM1 gene. The smoking habit was defined as a risk factor (ORadj: 3.678; 95% CI 1.111-12.171; p=0.033), increasing the chance for the presence of HPV by up to 3.6 times.Conclusion In short, this study showed in an unprecedented way, the relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and HPV. The relationship found portrays protection from viral infection and not from susceptibility in the female population of southern Brazil.
KDM3A is a Positive Regulator of Cardiac Fibroblasts Conversion that Increases Smad3 Phosphorylation Following TGFβ1 Stimulation
Authors: Liu Xiaopei , Jining Zhou , Zhang Bofang , Liu Gen , Hu Qi , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The epigenetic molecule KDM3A has been shown to be involved in improving cardiovascular diseases, but its effect on cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) remains unclear. Thus, we designed the gain- and loss-of-function experiments to investigate the biological functions of KDM3A in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Moreover, we added a SIS3-HCL (a specific inhibitor of p-Smad3) to explore the underlying mechanism. The cells viability and migration were verified by CCK-8 and cell migration experiments, respectively, and the degree of fibrosis was measured by Western blot analysis. Our data reveal that KDM3A enhance the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts, meanwhile, increasing the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, while enabling Smad3 phosphorylation response to TGFβ1 stimuli. However, these results could be abolished by SIS3-HCL, an inhibitor of the p-Smad3. Furthermore, KDM3A inhibition obviously protect cardiac fibroblasts conversion against TGFβ1 stimuli. These results identify that KDM3A may be a novel regulator of the cardiac fibroblasts conversion, through its ability to modulate phosphorylation of Smad3 following TGFβ1 stimuli.
Aptamer Based Point of Care Diagnostic for the Detection of Food Allergens
Authors: Stidham Sarah , Villareal Valerie , Chellappa Vasant , Yoder Lucas , Alley Olivia , Shreffler Wayne , Spergel Jonathan , Fleischer David , Sampson Hugh , Gilboa-Geffen Adi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aptamers, due to their small size, strong target affinity, and ease of chemical modification, are ideally suited for molecular detection technologies. Here, we describe successful use of aptamer technology in a consumer device for the detection of peanut antigen in food. The novel aptamer-based protein detection method is robust across a wide variety of food matrices and sensitive to peanut protein at concentrations as low as 12.5 ppm (37.5 µg peanut protein in the sample). Integration of the assay into a sensitive, stable, and consumer friendly portable device will empower users to easily and quickly assess the presence of peanut allergens in foods before eating. With most food reactions occurring outside the home, the type of technology described here has significant potential to improve lives for children and families.
Triptolide’s anti-inflammatory effects on ARDS by down-regulating miR-9-5p and up-regulating LRG1 and CLDN5
Authors: Han Junyong , Que Huiqing , Li Wei , Xue Shijie , Lin Sui , chen gang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening respiratory disease and its treatment is not fully established. Triptolide, one of Tripterygium wilfordii’s main active components, has been proved to alleviate Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Imbalance of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized as the pathogenic mechanism of various diseases, including ARDS. However, the specific miRNAs that play a key regulatory role in the anti-inflammatory effect of triptolide in ARDS remain elusive.
Methods
In this study, we administered triptolide in a mouse model of ARDS, and whole transcriptome sequencing was applied to identify meaningful miRNAs and validate them in vitro.
Results
The results showed that triptolide may reduce the inflammatory response in ARDS by regulating miR-9-5p. The data further proved that LRG1 and CLDN5 expression are regulated by miR-9-5p, and triptolide can down-regulate the expression of miR-9-5p by regulating negatively the expression of LRG1 and CLDN5.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that miR-9-5p was the specific miRNAs that plays key role in triptolide’s alleviation of ARDS inflammation by regulating target genes, and its inhibitory effect on LRG1 and CLDN5 expression was verified.
Meiotic Aberrations Leading To Aneuploidy In Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea L. var. Botrytis)
Authors: Ji Xianwen , Lelivelt Cilia , Wijnker Erik , de Jong Hans 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Aneuploid cauliflower plants (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) display abnormal curd phenotypes causing serious commercial problems in offspring populations. Despite extensive breeding efforts, selection of genotypes producing euploid gametes remains unsuccessful due to unknown genetic and environmental factors. To reveal the origin of aneuploid gametes, we analyzed chromosome pairing, chiasma formation and chromosome segregation in pollen mother cells of selected cauliflower genotypes. To this end we compared different genotypes exhibiting Low with < 5%, Moderate with 5-10% and High with > 10% aberrant offspring. Microscopic observations revealed regular chromosome pairing at pachytene. However, cells at diakinesis and metaphase I showed variable numbers of univalents, suggesting that chiasma formation during meiotic prophase is incomplete or disrupted and results in a partial desynaptic phenotype. Cells at anaphase I – telophase II exhibited various degrees of unbalanced chromosome numbers explaining the aneuploid offspring. Immunofluorescence probed with an MLH1 antibody demonstrated fluorescent foci in all genotypes, but their lower numbers do not correspond to the putative sites of chiasmata. Interchromosomal connections between chromosomes and bivalents are common at diakinesis and metaphase I, and they contain centromeric and 45S rDNA tandem repeats, but such threads seemed not to affect proper disjoin of the half bivalents at anaphase I. Moreover, male meiosis in the arabidopsis APETALA1/ CAULIFLOWER double mutant with the typical cauliflower phenotype did show interchromosomal connections, but there were no indications for partial desynapsis. We now hypothesize that the occurrence of desynapsis in cauliflower is a developmental out-of-phase phenomenon partially or completely controlled by genes involved in flower and curd development.
MELD 3.0 Score For Predicting Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation
Authors: Song Jinlei , Wang Xiaoze , Yan Yuling , Xiang Tong , Luo Xuefeng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background/purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with cirrhosis is important and challenging. To validate the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) 3.0 score in predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis after TIPS creation.Methods: A total of 885 consecutive patients with cirrhosis from December 2011 to October 2019 who underwent TIPS placement were retrospectively reviewed. The prognostic value of the MELD 3.0 score, MELD score, MELD-Na score and Child-Pugh score was calculated and compared with Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and DeLong et al. test.Results: The AUROC of the MELD 3.0 score in predicting 3-month mortality was 0.732 (0.702-0.761), which were significantly superior to the MELD score (0.671 [0.639-0.702]; P = 0.019) and MELD-Na score (0.678 [0.647-0.709]; P = 0.009). A MELD 3.0 score of 10 could be used as a cut-off point for discriminating high- and low-risk patients. The MELD 3.0 score could stratify patients with Child-Pugh grade A (log-rank P = 0.005) and B (log-rank P < 0.001). Child-Pugh score could stratify patients defined as low risk by MELD 3.0 score (log-rank P = 0.010). Conclusions: The MELD 3.0 score was significantly superior to the MELD and MELD-Na scores in predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis after TIPS creation.
Nutritional, Lipid Metabolic and Body Composition Features of Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Feng Yijie , Yao Mei , Xia Yu , Wei Jia , Hong Yi , Long Qi , Chen Fei , Jin Jianing , Zhou Dongming , Hu Jingjing , Cui Yiqin , Chen Xiao , Yuan Changzheng , Mao Shanshan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a progressive neuromuscular disease affecting multiple organs and systems, including nutritional and metabolic status. There is still a lack of relevant large sample size research. We aimed to investigate the nutritional status, serum lipid profile, and body composition characteristics in children with SMA.
Methods
A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted on 91 children with SMA (17.6% of type I, 48.4% of type II, 34.1% of type III) and 91 age- and gender-matched healthy children in a single hospitalized center in China. Anthropometric information, serum lipids parameters and body composition (in subgroup of patients older than 3 years) were collected. According to the anthropometric Z scores, nutritional status was categorized into normal and malnutrition (including under- and over-nutrition) groups.
Results
The prevalence of malnutrition and dyslipidemia in children with SMA was higher than that of controls (49.45% vs. 23.08% and 56.04% vs. 34.07%, respectively and p<0.01). Particularly, the prevalence of lower-than-normal levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) were significantly higher than that in healthy controls in children with SMA (26.37% vs. 7.69% and 41.76% vs. 6.59%, respectively and p<0.01). In terms of the body composition characteristics in children with SMA II & III, on average, the total body fat mass percentage (FM%) was 43.38% (36.99%, 48.20%), the fat mass index (FMI) was 7.30 (5.07, 8.72), the lean body mass index (LBMI) was 7.70 (6.96, 9.02) and the bone mineral density-z score (BMD-z) was -1.40 (-2.80, -0.60), generally different from the reference profiles in published literature.
Conclusion
Children with SMA in China have obvious nutritional imbalances, abnormal levels of serum lipid and unbalanced body composition. Further research is warranted to explore the potential mechanisms and health management strategies on nutritional and metabolic disorders of SMA.
A randomized controlled study comparing microsurgical clipping via the keyhole approach, conventional craniotomy, and endovascular coiling for ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms
Authors: Zhu Qing , Lan Qing , Chen Ailin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: Few prospective randomized controlled studies have investigated the efficacy of endovascular treatment and microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms, especially via microsurgical keyhole approach. We compared the efficacy of three techniques in treating patients with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms to provide surgeons with a more objective basis for treatment selection. Methods: 150 patients with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms were randomly assigned to endovascular treatment, conventional craniotomy, and keyhole approach groups. Aneurysm occlusion, surgical time, hospitalization time, hospitalization expenses, and surgical complications were compared between groups. Results: The complete occlusion rates of aneurysms at discharge were 90% in the endovascular group, 94% in the conventional group, and 96% in the keyhole group. No significant differences in complete occlusion rates or Glasgow Outcome Scale scores were found between groups. In the keyhole approach, conventional craniotomy, and endovascular groups, the overall surgical times were 161.78±34.51 min, 201.55±38.79 min, and 85.86±58.57 min, respectively; the hospitalization times were 11.42±6.64 d, 18.03±7.14 d, and 10.57±8.67 d; hospitalization expenses were 10574.25±4154.25 USD, 13214.54±5487.65 USD, and 20134.58±6587.61 USD; and the incidence rates of postoperative complications such as intracranial infection, cerebral vasospasm, hydrocephalus, intracranial hematoma, and epilepsy were 8%, 28%, and 20%. Conclusions: Endovascular coiling and the microsurgical keyhole approach have the advantages of simple execution, time savings, and short hospitalization. Microsurgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms needs to be updated to a minimally invasive procedure to maintain its complementary value with endovascular treatment.Clinical trial registration: The study has been retrospectively registered in clinicaltrial.org (NCT05049564) in Sep. 8th, 2021.
Musculoskeletal Diseases in Marfan Syndrome – A Nationwide Registry Study.
Authors: H.Andersen Niels , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Baad-Hansen Thomas , Groth Kristian A. , Berglund Agnethe , Gravholt Claus H. , Stochholm Kirstine 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMarfan syndrome is associated with abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system including scoliosis, pectus deformities, protrusio acetabuli, and foot deformities. Over a life span, many patients with Marfan syndrome will need treatment; however, the musculoskeletal morbidity over a life span is not well described. The aim of the present study was to assess the overall burden of musculoskeletal disease in patients with Marfan syndrome.Materials and MethodsA registry-based, nationwide epidemiological study of patients with a Ghent II verified Marfan syndrome diagnosis from 1977-2014. Each patient was matched on age, and sex with up to 100 controls from the background population.ResultsWe identified 407 patients with Marfan syndrome and 40,700 controls and compared their musculoskeletal diagnoses and surgical treatments using Cox proportional hazards regression (HR). The risk of a registration of a musculoskeletal diagnosis in patients with Marfan syndrome was significantly increased compared to controls (HR: 1.94 (1.69-2.24). One out of six with Marfan syndrome was registered with scoliosis (HR: 36.7 (27.5-48.9). Scoliosis was more common in women with Marfan syndrome compared to men (HR: 4.30 (1.73-1.08)). One out of 11 were registered with a pectus deformity HR: 40.8 (28.1-59.3), and one out of three with a deformity of the foot (HR: 1.9 (1.6-2.3)). The proportion of patients with Marfan syndrome (94/407) that underwent musculoskeletal surgery was also significantly higher (HR: 1.76 (1.43-2.16)). The major areas of surgery were the spine, pectus correction, and surgery of the foot/ancle. Ten patients with Marfan syndrome had elective orthopedic surgery without being recognized and diagnosed with Marfan syndrome until later in life. None of these had scoliosis, pectus deformity or a foot deformity.Among patients with an aortic dissection, the age at dissection was 34.3 years in those with at least one major musculoskeletal abnormality. In patients without a major abnormality the age at dissection was 45.1 years (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe extend of musculoskeletal disease is quite significant in Marfan syndrome and many will need corrective surgery during their life span. Surgeons should be aware of undiagnosed patients with Marfan syndrome when treating patients with a Marfan syndrome like-phenotype.
The Restrictive Type, Infectious Complications, a Long Duration of Illness Might Predict Nadir Hematological Values Among Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa During the Refeeding Period: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Funayama Michitaka , Koreki Akihiro , Mimura Yu , Takata Taketo , Ogino Satoyuki , Kurose Shin , Shimizu Yusuke , Kudo Shun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough hematological abnormalities in patients with anorexia nervosa have been documented, the mechanisms involved have not been fully clarified, especially during the refeeding period, when hematological values further decrease after admission prior to improving. Here we address potential mechanisms underlying the hematological abnormalities of anorexic inpatients during the refeeding period.MethodsWe recruited patients from 101 admissions corresponding to 55 individual patients with anorexia nervosa with severe malnutrition (body mass index, 13.4 ± 3.4) from the neuropsychiatry unit in Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital during the period from October 1999 to March 2018. We analyzed three hematological cell measures (hemoglobin, white blood cells, platelets) to determine their levels at admission and their lowest levels during the refeeding period and calculated the rate of decrease in those values from admission to the nadir levels. We analyzed each measure using a general mixed model with explanatory variables, including data upon admission and a treatment-related indicator. ResultsThe initial hemoglobin value of 12.1 ± 2.7 g/dl decreased by 22.3% to 9.4 ± 2.5 g/dl; the initial white cell count was 5387 ± 3474/μl, which decreased by 33.6% to 3576 ± 1440/μl; the initial platelet count of 22.6 ± 10.1 ×104/μl decreased by 24.3% to 17.1 ± 8.0 ×104/μl. All nadir levels were observed during the refeeding period from the fifth to tenth day of hospitalization. The anorexia nervosa restrictive type was associated with a lower nadir level of hemoglobin and white blood cell count. Infectious complications were related to a lower nadir level of hemoglobin and platelet count. A longer duration of illness was associated with a lower nadir white blood cell count. Conclusions﻿Nadir hematological cell measures of inpatients with anorexia nervosa during the refeeding period might be predicted by the restrictive type, infectious complications, and a long duration of illness. These factors might be used as indicators to guide clinical approaches for controlling hematological deficiencies during the refeeding period.