bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and coping of children in large Jewish Ultra‐Orthodox families during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gemara Netanel , Kornik Henya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had far‐reaching effects on the well‐being and functioning of children and families worldwide. The distinctive contexts in which these families live play a crucial role in determining the extent of the pandemic's effects. The Jewish Ultra‐Orthodox community in Israel, with its unique context, experienced the repercussions of the pandemic in distinct ways.ObjectiveThis qualitative study, guided by the context‐informed theoretical perspective, aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences and perspectives of Ultra‐Orthodox families with multiple children regarding the challenges and coping of children during the pandemic, while considering the unique contexts that shape their lives.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 15 parents (eight mothers and seven fathers) and 35 children (18 girls and 17 boys) from Ultra‐Orthodox families. All families had at least six children (M = 7.5). Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview data, allowing for the generation of shared themes among the participants' narratives.ResultsThe findings revealed four primary areas that presented challenges for Ultra‐Orthodox families during the COVID‐19 pandemic: children's studies, fear, crowdedness, and community detachment. Despite these adversities, the study also sheds light on the coping mechanisms employed by Ultra‐Orthodox families of religious beliefs, parental involvement, and the family.ConclusionThese findings contribute to understanding how Ultra‐Orthodox families experienced and navigated the challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the interplay among religious beliefs, family dynamics, and community structures in shaping their responses.ImplicationsThe insights gained from this study may inform the development of culturally competent support services for Ultra‐Orthodox families during crises while potentially offering broader ideas for understanding how close‐knit religious communities cope with acute crises that threaten their traditional ways of life.
Making Room for Women. Gender and Space at Work in the Swedish Armed Forces
Authors: Persson Alma , Cottrell‐Sundevall Fia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article contributes new insights into the spatiality of gender relations in military work and organizations, focusing specifically on the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF). It examines the unique and longstanding practice of gender‐mixed rooms, which have served as the standard way of lodging soldiers in Sweden for decades. Drawing on a combination of in‐depth interviews, archival research, and document analysis, the study follows the process of making room for women, tracing back to the early 1980s when the first women enrolled in the SAF. The findings demonstrate that gender‐mixed rooms have played a pivotal role in shaping both gender relations and institutional norms within the SAF. We argue that women's inclusion into the soldier collective has been simultanously facilitated and conditioned by this spatial arrangement. The case underscores the need to closely examine both the “how” and the “where” of gender equality initiatives when striving to foster more inclusive organizations.
On improved inorganic gas‐sensing characteristics of microwave‐treated tungsten oxide quantum dots at room temperature
Authors: Salot M. , Santhy K. , Naganaboina V. R. , Singh S. G. , Pramanick A. K. , Mandal D. , Avasthi G. , Chaudhury S. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTungsten oxide (WO3) based metal oxide semiconductor material has been conventionally used for sensing inorganic gases at elevated temperatures. However, in this study, the gas sensing performance of tungsten oxide‐based sensors is evaluated at room temperature. In this study, WO3 quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized via the electrochemical method, followed by a microwave treatment to dehydrate them. The newly developed process is relatively less expensive and offers the flexibility to alter the structure in terms of phase, size, shape, and vacancy concentration. It is observed that electrochemical process parameters play an important role in phase evolution and control the oxygen vacancy concentration in the powder, which are essential for enhancing its gas sensing characteristics. Results showed an enhanced gas‐sensing ability of WO3 QDs at room temperature toward inorganic gases, such as CO, NO2, NH3, and H2 when subjected to microwave treatment. The enhanced gas‐sensing performance of microwave‐treated WO3 QDs is attributed to its smaller size and high oxygen vacancy concentration. The minimum limit of detection values for CO, NO2, NH3, and H2 at room temperature using microwave‐treated hydrated tungsten oxide QDs were 4.60, 1.5, 0.35, and 10.25 ppm, respectively.
Variability of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy according to seasonality: A study in central disorders of hypersomnolence
Authors: Cirillo Flavia , Fernandes Mariana , Placidi Fabio , Izzi Francesca , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Liguori Claudio 
Published: January 2025

SummarySeasonality of excessive daytime sleepiness has been proposed, yet no research has specifically investigated its impact on daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in central disorders of hypersomnolence. This study examined seasonal variations in daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy type 1, narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. Patients included in the study were on stable pharmacological treatment, and participated in sleep medicine interviews to assess diurnal sleepiness and daytime napping and completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10). Patients with narcolepsy type 1 also maintained a cataplexy diary. Evaluations were conducted in autumn, winter, spring and summer. The study included 29 patients with narcolepsy type 1, 16 patients with narcolepsy type 2 and 10 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. Patients with narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2 showed higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores in summer compared with other seasons, while patients with idiopathic hypersomnia showed no changes in excessive daytime sleepiness across the four seasons. Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were higher in idiopathic hypersomnia patients compared to narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2 patients in spring, autumn, and winter; conversely, in summer there were no differences in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores among the three groups. No significant differences in Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were noted between patients with narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2 throughout the year. Furthermore, no seasonal effect on cataplexy frequency was found in patients with narcolepsy type 1. This study demonstrates that seasonality may influence daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2 but not in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia, while cataplexy symptoms remain unaffected by seasonal changes. The underlying mechanisms linking excessive daytime sleepiness to seasonality have yet to be explored, though social factors and vacation time may contribute to increased excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy.
A graph attention reasoning model for prefabricated component detection
Authors: Zhou Manxu , Ye Guanting , Yuen Ka‐Veng , Yu Wenhao , Jin Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurately checking the position and presence of internal components before casting prefabricated elements is critical to ensuring product quality. However, traditional manual visual inspection is often inefficient and inaccurate. While deep learning has been widely applied to quality inspection of prefabricated components, most studies focus on surface defects and cracks, with less emphasis on the internal structural complexities of these components. Prefabricated composite panels, due to their complex structure—including small embedded parts and large‐scale reinforcing rib—require high‐precision, multiscale feature recognition. This study developed an instance segmentation model: a graph attention reasoning model (GARM) for prefabricated component detection, for the quality inspection of prefabricated concrete composite panels. First, a dataset of prefabricated concrete composite components was constructed to address the shortage of existing data and provide sufficient samples for training the segmentation network. Subsequently, after training on a self‐built dataset of prefabricated concrete composite panels, ablation experiments and comparative tests were conducted. The GARM segmentation model demonstrated superior performance in terms of detection speed and model lightweighting. Its accuracy surpassed other models, with a mean average precision (mAP50) of 88.7%. This study confirms the efficacy and reliability of the GARM instance segmentation model in detecting prefabricated concrete composite panels.
Graph neural networks for the localization of faults in a partially observed regional transmission system
Authors: Rimkus Mantautas , Kokoszka Piotr , Duan Dongliang , Wang Xuao , Wang Haonan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLocalization of faults in a large power system is one of the most important and difficult tasks of power systems monitoring. A fault, typically a shorted line, can be seen almost instantaneously by all measurement devices throughout the system, but determining its location in a geographically vast and topologically complex system is difficult. The task becomes even more difficult if measurements devices are placed only at some network nodes. We show that regression graph neural networks we construct, combined with a suitable statistical methodology, can solve this task very well. A chief advance of our methods is that we construct networks that produce localization without having being trained on data that contain fault localization information. We show that a synergy of statistics and deep learning can produce results that none of these approaches applied separately can achieve.
Protest-related injuries during the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone protest in Seattle, Washington, USA in 2020
Authors: Bui Anthony L , Sleeth Georgia A , McDade Jessica E , Duber Herbert C , Rivara Frederick P 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGeorge Floyd’s death in 2020 galvanised large protests around the country, including the emergence of the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ) in Seattle, Washington, a non-policed, organised protest region that may have differing injury risks than other regions. We sought to quantitatively describe characteristics of injuries related to protests documented at visits to two nearby major emergency departments, including the only Level 1 trauma centre in the state.MethodsUsing the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code inclusion criteria, we identified 1938 unique patient visits across the two emergency departments from 29 May 2020 and 1 July 2020. We reviewed provider notes to identify keywords to determine if the visit was related to the CHAZ protest. We quantitatively described demographics and injury characteristics.ResultsWe identified 48 injury visits related to the protest, with 25 from assault, 11 from crowd-control weapons and 8 from ground-level falls. Crowd-control weapons consisted of five visits from pepper spray, five from tear gas and a smaller number from flash-bang grenades, rubber bullets or other projectiles or a baton. In terms of body region injuries, 23 involved the head, 13 involved the knee and lower leg and 11 involved the thorax. Five patients required transfer to the operating room for surgery and admission and two died.DiscussionThe demonstrations during the CHAZ in Seattle in 2020 resulted in several violent injuries. Given the high proportion of assault and head injuries, these injury patterns can help prepare healthcare workers and first responders to plan care needs during protests.
Clinical benefit of chronic non-invasive ventilation in severe stable COPD: a matter of persistent hypercapnia improvement
Authors: Raveling Tim , Boersma Renzo , Wijkstra Peter J , Duiverman Marieke L 
Published: January 2025

PurposeIn patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated with chronic non-invasive ventilation (NIV), the relation between improvements in nocturnal transcutaneous partial pressure of CO2(PtcCO2) and daytime arterial partial pressure of CO2(PaCO2) remains uncertain. Also, to what extent improvements in nocturnal PtcCO2result in better health-related quality of life (HRQL), exercise capacity, lung function and survival has not been investigated.Patients and methodsPatients with COPD who were initiated on chronic NIV were prospectively followed for 6 months. Daytime PaCO2and nocturnal PtcCO2were measured before NIV initiation. NIV targeted normocapnia (PaCO2/mean PtcCO2<6.0 kPa) or to reduce baseline values >20%. HRQL was measured with the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire (SRI) and exercise capacity with the 6-min walk test (6MWT). Patients were divided into three groups: group 1: neither PtcCO2nor PaCO2reductions reached the target; group 2: both PtcCO2and PaCO2targets were reached; group 3: only PtcCO2target was reached.Results177 participants were included with both transcutaneous and daytime gas exchange data. In total, 66% reached nocturnal gas exchange targets. However, in only 17%, this also resulted in substantial daytime PaCO2reduction (group 2). Compared with group 1, these patients had higher baseline PtcCO2(7.4±0.7 vs 8.2±1.9 kPa, p=0.012) and better NIV usage (6.2±2.8 vs 8.3±2.4 hours, p=0.010). Despite comparable NIV settings, the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and 6MWT improved only in group 2, and only these participants reached a clinically relevant improvement on the SRI and experienced improved survival.ConclusionPatients with COPD who can maintain improved ventilation by nocturnal NIV during daytime spontaneous breathing are most likely to experience relevant benefits on HRQL, exercise capacity, lung function and survival.
Structural, magnetic, and magneto-optical properties of Ni/Rh(001) ultrathin films: theoretical study
Authors: Bensebaa Mohamed , Boukelkoul Mebarek , Laraba Hadjer , Aliouane Toufik 
Published: January 2025

Ultrathin films exhibit unique properties due to strong interfacial effects, making them highly promising for a wide range of technological applications. This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of Ni n/Rh(001) ultrathin films, grown by pseudomorphic epitaxy, using density functional theory within a spin-polarized relativistic framework (spin-polarized relativistic linear muffin-tin orbitals and atomic sphere approximation). Our calculations reveal that the nickel layers adopt a body-centered tetragonal structure on the rhodium substrate in the [001] direction, characterized by a tetragonality ratio of c/ a = 1.18, which significantly affects the magnetic and structural properties of the system. We found that Ni layers exhibit increased magnetic moments compared to bulk Ni, with intra- and inter-plane ferromagnetic coupling. Additionally, the rhodium last layer shows an induced magnetic moment due to hybridization with nickel atoms, with significant variations across layers. Furthermore, we analyzed the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect spectra, identifying specific interband transitions responsible for the observed Kerr rotations. These results provide critical insights into the correlation between structure, magnetism, and magneto-optical properties in ultrathin films, demonstrating their potential for applications in data storage, spintronic, and biosensing technologies.
Figure 5 from Replication Stress Is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors
Authors: Kawai-Kawachi Asuka , Lenormand Madison M. , Astier Clémence , Herbel Noé , Cutrona Meritxell B. , Ngo Carine , Garrido Marlène , Eychenne Thomas , Dorvault Nicolas , Bordelet Laetitia , Song Feifei , Bouyakoub Ryme , Loktev Anastasia , Romo-Morales Antonio , Henon Clémence , Colmet-Daage Léo , Vibert Julien , Drac Marjorie , Brough Rachel , Schwob Etienne , Martella Oliviano , Pinna Guillaume , Shipley Janet M. , Mittnacht Sibylle , Zimmermann Astrid , Gulati Aditi , Mir Olivier , Le Cesne Axel , Faron Matthieu , Honoré Charles , Lord Christopher J. , Chabanon Roman M. , Postel-Vinay Sophie 
Published: January 2025

<p>EWS–WT1 drives enhanced DNA replication stress and R-loops, which contribute to DSRCT cells’ sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi. <b>A,</b> Assessment of replication fork speed (kb/minute) in JN1 cells subjected to siRNA-mediated silencing of EWS–WT1 or CCND1. A minimum of 50 forks was analyzed per condition. Mean ± SD; each dot represents a single replication fork; <i>n</i> = 2, one-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Dunnett test. <b>B,</b> Assessment of replication fork speed (kb/minute) in JN1 cells exposed to DMSO control, or a combination of PARPi talazoparib (Tala) and ATRi M4344 for 6 hours, in the presence or absence of siRNA-mediated silencing of EWS–WT1. A minimum of 50 forks was analyzed per condition. Mean ± SD; each dot represents a single replication fork; <i>n</i> = 2; two-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Šídák test. <b>C</b> and <b>D,</b> DNA:RNA hybrid dot blot of genomic DNA extracted from JN1 (<b>C</b>) or R (<b>D</b>) cells exposed to PARPi talazoparib, ATRi M4344, or a combination of both in the presence or absence of siRNA-mediated silencing of EWS–WT1 as in <b>B</b>. S9.6, RNA:DNA hybrids; ssDNA, loading control. <b>E,</b> Assessment of replication fork speed (kb/minute) in RNase H1–overexpressing JN1 cells subjected to siRNA-mediated silencing of EWS–WT1. Synchronized cells were collected 14 hours after transfection. A minimum of 50 forks was analyzed per condition. Mean ± SD; each dot represents a single replication fork; <i>n</i> = 2; unpaired <i>t</i> test. <b>E,</b> Dose–response survival curves of JN1 cells exposed to PARPi talazoparib (<b>F</b>) or olaparib (<b>G</b>), and ATRi M4344 (<b>H</b>) or AZD6738 (<b>I</b>) for 7 days in the presence or absence of siRNA-mediated silencing of EWS–WT1 and/or RNase H1 overexpression. Mean ± SD; <i>n</i> = 3; two-way ANOVA. *, <i>P</i> < 0.05; ****, <i>P</i> < 0.0001; ns, not significant.</p>
Figure 2 from Replication Stress Is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors
Authors: Kawai-Kawachi Asuka , Lenormand Madison M. , Astier Clémence , Herbel Noé , Cutrona Meritxell B. , Ngo Carine , Garrido Marlène , Eychenne Thomas , Dorvault Nicolas , Bordelet Laetitia , Song Feifei , Bouyakoub Ryme , Loktev Anastasia , Romo-Morales Antonio , Henon Clémence , Colmet-Daage Léo , Vibert Julien , Drac Marjorie , Brough Rachel , Schwob Etienne , Martella Oliviano , Pinna Guillaume , Shipley Janet M. , Mittnacht Sibylle , Zimmermann Astrid , Gulati Aditi , Mir Olivier , Le Cesne Axel , Faron Matthieu , Honoré Charles , Lord Christopher J. , Chabanon Roman M. , Postel-Vinay Sophie 
Published: January 2025

<p>PARPi and ATRi have synergistic cytotoxic effects in models of DSRCT with high PARP1 expression. <b>A</b> and <b>B,</b> PARP1 expression (<b>A</b>) and PARylation levels (<b>B</b>) as assessed by IHC in a cohort of 16 DSRCT samples, compared with those of the JN1 and R cell lines (PARP1 and PAR expression levels are shown as H-scores). Representative cases (PARP1-high vs. PARP1-low tumors; PAR-high vs. PAR-low tumors) are shown to the right, compared with JN1 and R cells. <b>C</b> and <b>D,</b> Surface plots of Bliss independence scores calculated for the talazoparib–M4344 combination in JN1 (<b>C</b>) and R (<b>D</b>) cell lines at 7 days. <b>E,</b> The GR_13-PDX-O model was established from the primary peritoneal tumor of a patient with DSRCT, with confirmation of <i>EWSR1::WT1</i> fusion by FISH and WT1-Cter IHC (Supplementary Fig. S8). <b>F,</b> Surface plot of Bliss independence scores calculated for the talazoparib–M4344 combination in the GR_13 PDX-O at 7 days. Mean ± SD; <i>n</i> = 3. Surface plots: the <i>x</i>-axis and <i>y</i>-axis values indicate drug concentrations, and the <i>z</i>-axis values indicate the associated synergy score; score < −10, antagonistic interaction; score = 0, absence of interaction; score > 10, synergistic interaction. <b>G,</b> Schematic illustration of an <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic experiment performed to evaluate the antitumor effect of PARPi talazoparib and ATRi M1774 in NSG mice engrafted with JN1 xenografts. <b>H,</b> Therapeutic responses to drug treatment in mice harboring JN1 xenografts. Mean tumor volume ± SD; two-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Dunnett test. <b>I,</b> Tumor volume at the time of mice sacrifice. Mean ± SD; one-way ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Šídák test. *, <i>P</i> < 0.01; ns, not significant. Tala, talazoparib.</p>
Changes in Equatorial Kelvin Wave Activity in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Associated with Interannual Variability of the Upper-Tropospheric Equatorial Zonal Wind
Authors: Suzuki Junko , Nishi Noriyuki , Fujiwara Masatomo , Yoneyama Kunio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the influence of the background wind regime on interannual variability in equatorial Kelvin waves (including both freely propagating ones and convectively coupled ones) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using the ERA5 reanalysis data. We focus on variability in the number of Kelvin wave cases as a function of the background westerly wind that controls wave propagation, given by the zonal wind index (ZWI) in the equatorial eastern Pacific that is a measure of the strength of the upper branch of the Walker circulation in the Western Hemisphere. The ZWI correlates well with sea surface temperature in the Niño-3.4 region, though one-third of the peaks of negative ZWI (weak westerly) cases occur during seasons other than December–February which is the typical El Niño season. In the positive ZWI (stronger westerly) cases, both the convective activity over the western Pacific and the extratropical Rossby wave activity over the central and eastern Pacific are enhanced. Kelvin waves over the Western Hemisphere appear frequently at 200 hPa but barely reach 100 hPa due to the strong westerly wind below this level that prohibits upward wave propagation. In the negative ZWI period, the number of Kelvin wave cases at 200 hPa decreases due to weaker convection; Kelvin waves reach 100 hPa and propagate even further upward into the stratosphere. The increasing (decreasing) tendency of Kelvin waves already starts 6 months before the weakest (strongest) westerly wind month in the Western Hemisphere (i.e., the ENSO peak seasons).

Significance Statement
Equatorial Kelvin waves play a critical role in the upward transport of momentum driving the equatorial stratospheric circulation. Our results reveal that background winds in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere act as a filter for equatorial Kelvin waves, regulating the number of their packets propagating upward. An investigation of the role of Kelvin wave dissipation in the westerly duct region, i.e., in the upper troposphere over the equatorial eastern Pacific, is needed.