bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octanoic acid a major component of widely consumed medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet is detrimental to bone
Authors: Jain Shreshta , Rai Reena , Singh Divya , Vohora Divya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOctanoic acid is a medium-chained saturated fatty acid found abundantly in the ketogenic dietary supplements containing medium chained triglycerides (MCT) along with decanoic acid. The MCT ketogenic diet is commonly consumed for weight loss but has also showcased neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders. However, recent clinical findings have reported a critical disadvantage with the long-term consumption of ketogenic diet i.e. bone loss. The following study was employed to investigate whether the two major components of MCT diet also possess bone loss potential as observed with classical ketogenic diet. Swiss albino mice aged between 10 and 12 weeks, were divided into 3 treatment groups that were administered with oral suspensions of octanoic acid, decanoic acid and a combination of both for 4 weeks. Bone specific markers, microarchitectural parameters, using micro computed tomography, and biomechanical strength were analyzed. Remarkably deleterious alterations in the trabecular bone microarchitecture, and on bone markers were observed in the octanoic acid treated groups. Our results suggest significant negative effects on bone health by octanoic acid. These findings require further investigation and validation in order to provide significant clinically relevant data to possibly modify dietary composition of the MCT ketogenic diet.
Restoration of the healing microenvironment in diabetic wounds with matrix-binding IL-1 receptor antagonist
Authors: Tan Jean L. , Lash Blake , Karami Rezvan , Nayer Bhavana , Lu Yen-Zhen , Piotto Celeste , Julier Ziad , Martino Mikaël M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic wounds are a major clinical problem where wound closure is prevented by pathologic factors, including immune dysregulation. To design efficient immunotherapies, an understanding of the key molecular pathways by which immunity impairs wound healing is needed. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a central role in regulating the immune response to tissue injury through IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). Generating a knockout mouse model, we demonstrate that the IL-1–IL-1R1 axis delays wound closure in diabetic conditions. We used a protein engineering approach to deliver IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in a localised and sustained manner through binding extracellular matrix components. We demonstrate that matrix-binding IL-1Ra improves wound healing in diabetic mice by re-establishing a pro-healing microenvironment characterised by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cells, cytokines and senescent fibroblasts, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Engineered IL-1Ra has translational potential for chronic wounds and other inflammatory conditions where IL-1R1 signalling should be dampened.
Effectiveness of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Scoring in Evaluating Brainstem Dysfunction and Disability Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Srinivasan Vignesh Sangu , Krishna Rajalakshmi , Munirathinam Bhoopathy Rangappan 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The brainstem dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) often causes significant functional impairment leading to disability. This study aims to explore modified brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) scores based on the pattern of BAEP abnormalities and relate with brainstem symptoms, brainstem functional system scores (BFSS), brainstem lesions, and disability.

Method
Forty-five participants with relapsing–remitting MS and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent case history assessment, otoscopic examination, pure-tone audiometry, and BAEP testing. Also, neurological examination (Expanded Disability Status Scale, FSS scales) and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out on MS participants. Patterns of BAEP abnormalities were categorized and converted to BAEP scores.

Results

Out of 45 participants' brainstem symptoms, BFSS > 1, brainstem lesions (magnetic resonance imaging), and BAEP abnormalities were observed in 75.6%, 42.2%, 62.2%, and 55.56% of participants, respectively. Waves V and III abnormalities were more common among MS participants and showed a significant difference from the control group in the Mann–Whitney
U
test. Chi-square test did not show a significant association of BAEP abnormalities with brainstem symptoms and lesions but showed significant association with BFSS. The mean and standard deviation of BAEP scores in MS participants were 1.73 + 2.37. All healthy controls showed BAEP scores of 0. BAEP scores in MS participants showed significant correlation with BFSS scores and predict Expanded Disability Status Scale scores.

Conclusion
BAEP scores based on the pattern of BAEP abnormality can be a valid and useful measure in evaluating brainstem functions and predicting disability in MS.
Cultural and Linguistic Adaptations of Early Language Interventions: Recommendations for Advancing Research and Practice
Authors: Cycyk Lauren M. , De Anda Stephanie , Moore Heather , Huerta Lidia 
Published: March 2021

PurposeSpeech-language pathologists are responsible for providing culturally and linguistically responsive early language intervention services for legal, ethical, and economic reasons. Yet, speech-language pathologists face challenges in meeting this directive when children are from racial, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds that differ from their own. Guidance is needed to support adaptation of evidence-based interventions to account for children's home culture(s) and language(s). This review article (a) describes a systematic review of the adaptation processes applied in early language interventions delivered to culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the current literature and (b) offers a robust example of an adaptation of an early language intervention for families of Spanish-speaking Mexican immigrant origin.MethodThirty-three studies of early language interventions adapted for culturally and linguistically diverse children ages 6 years and younger were reviewed. Codes were applied to describe to what extent studies document the purpose of the adaptation, the adaptation process, the adapted components, and the evaluation of the adapted intervention.ResultsMost studies specified the purpose of adaptations to the intervention evaluation, content, or delivery, which typically addressed children's language(s) but not culture. Study authors provided limited information about who made the adaptations, how, and when. Few studies detailed translation processes or included pilot testing. Only one used a comprehensive framework to guide adaptation. A case study extensively documents the adaptation process of the Language and Play Every Day en español program.ConclusionsFuture early language intervention adaptations should focus on both linguistic and cultural factors and include detailed descriptions of intervention development, evaluation, and replication. The case study presented here may serve as an example. Increased access to such information can support research on early language interventions for diverse populations and, ultimately, responsive service provision.
Population Health Content Within Speech-Language Pathology Programs: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Domholdt Elizabeth , Billings Lina C. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this survey was to determine current and desired coverage of population health concepts within speech-language pathology programs.

Method
Thirty-five of 253 (13.8%) Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology program directors responded to an online survey.

Results
Respondents agreed that 21 of 23 population health domains should be included in the curriculum, with six of the domains having at least moderate coverage within current programs. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were in global health issues, health policy process, organization of clinical and public health systems, and health promotion interventions.

Conclusion
Speech-language pathology faculty can use the results to inform their decisions about incorporating population health concepts into their programs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14044058
Comparisons in Frequency Difference Limens Between Sequential and Simultaneous Listening Conditions in Normal-Hearing Listeners
Authors: Yoon Yang-Soo , Mills Ivy , Toliver BaileyAnn , Park Christine , Whitaker George , Drew Carrie 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
We compared frequency difference limens (FDLs) in normal-hearing listeners under two listening conditions: sequential and simultaneous.

Method
Eighteen adult listeners participated in three experiments. FDL was measured using a method of limits for comparison frequency. In the sequential listening condition, the tones were presented with a half-second time interval in between, but for the simultaneous listening condition, the tones were presented simultaneously. For the first experiment, one of four reference tones (125, 250, 500, or 750 Hz), which was presented to the left ear, was paired with one of four starting comparison tones (250, 500, 750, or 1000 Hz), which was presented to the right ear. The second and third experiments had the same testing conditions as the first experiment except with two- and three-tone complexes, comparison tones. The subjects were asked if the tones sounded the same or different. When a subject chose “different,” the comparison frequency decreased by 10% of the frequency difference between the reference and comparison tones. FDLs were determined when the subjects chose “same” 3 times in a row.

Results
FDLs were significantly broader (worse) with simultaneous listening than with sequential listening for the two- and three-tone complex conditions but not for the single-tone condition. The FDLs were narrowest (best) with the three-tone complex under both listening conditions. FDLs broadened as the testing frequencies increased for the single tone and the two-tone complex. The FDLs were not broadened at frequencies > 250 Hz for the three-tone complex.

Conclusion
The results suggest that sequential and simultaneous frequency discriminations are mediated by different processes at different stages in the auditory pathway for complex tones, but not for pure tones.
Improved discrete cuckoo‐search algorithm for mixed no‐idle permutation flow shop scheduling with consideration of energy consumption
Authors: Zhong Lingchong , Li Wenfeng , Qian Bin , He Lijun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe increasing number and types of industrial tasks require factories to be more flexible in production. An improved discrete cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is proposed and used to optimise the mixed no‐idle permutation flow shop scheduling problem (MNPFSP). This problem considers MNPFSP energy consumption (MNPFSP_EC) an optimisation objective. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the individual update formula in the two stages of the standard CSA, the paper replaces the real number calculation or vector calculation in the original update formula with a discrete operation to keep the update mechanism of each stage unchanged. The change allows the algorithm to directly find a feasible solution in the discrete solution space that significantly improves the global search capability of cuckoo search. Secondly, an adaptive‐starting local search based on quasi‐entropy (QE) is constructed using swap, insert and 2‐OPT operations with an exploitation that is adaptively executed based on QE, and QE is used to represent the diversity of population and control individuals in deciding whether to execute local search, thereby reducing computational complexity. Simulation experiments and comparisons of different instances demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve MNPFSP_EC.
RETRACTED: A flight control method for unmanned aerial vehicles based on vibration suppression
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Zhang Xiulin , Gong Huajun , Jiang Ju , Rai Hari Mohan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) has gained importance in recent years for various applications like photography, inspection of infrastructure and various agricultural applications. Various researchers have carried out numerous attempts at optimisation control of UAVs and their flight range maximisation. However, a few attempts have addressed structural deformation effects on the reliability and safety of UAVs. In order to study the effect of structural deformation on the reliability and safety of UAVs under normal flight conditions, a certain type of UAV as a research object is discussed and the augmented tracking model based on the original object system by using the Lyapunov function is built up. The performance is observed in terms of rise time and overshoot and it is observed from the simulation outcomes that the system is stable at all design points in the range of 0–9000 m, providing a rise time of 10 s and zero overshoot. From this study, it is revealed that the designed controller can effectively suppress the vibration of the flexible mode while ensuring the stability and tracking performance of the UAV.
CHFS: Complex hesitant fuzzy sets‐their applications to decision making with different and innovative distance measures
Authors: Garg Harish , Mahmood Tahir , Rehman Ubaid ur , Ali Zeeshan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of the authors is to establish an innovative concept of the complex hesitant fuzzy set (CHFS), which is the combination of the hesitant fuzzy set and the complex fuzzy set to manage complex and awkward information in the real‐decision theory. The structure and the basic properties of the proposed set are studied in detail. Based on the internal structure of the set and to find the degree of the discrimination between the pairs of the CHFSs, the generalized distance measures and modified generalized distance measures are defined. Several properties and their relationship between them are derived in detail. Also, several cases of the proposed measures are exposed which reduce them to the existing studies. Furthermore, based on these proposed measures, a decision‐making approach is established under the uncertain environment and several numerical examples are given to examine the feasibility and validity of the explored measures. Finally, the credibility of the modified and parameterized distance measures based on CHFSs is verified by comparing them with some existing measures.
A novel direct field‐oriented control strategy for fault‐tolerant control of induction machine drives based on EKF
Authors: Tabasian Rahemeh , Ghanbari Mahmood , Esmaeli Abdolreza , Jannati Mohammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel Direct Field‐Oriented Control (DFOC) strategy for Fault‐Tolerant Control (FTC) of wye‐connected 3‐Phase Induction Machine (3‐PIM) drives under the stator winding open‐phase failure. In the proposed control strategy, instead of flux measurement, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for flux estimation is used. The introduced controller with minor modifications can be used during normal and stator winding open‐phase failure conditions. With the proposed DFOC system, the speed and torque pulsations that normally happen during the open‐phase failure can be reduced. The performances of the proposed EKF‐based DFOC strategy and the conventional control strategy for a faulted machine using simulations and experiments under different operation conditions are compared. Simulation and experimental results demonstrated an important improvement in speed and torque pulsations through this type of fault. Results also confirmed the superiority of the proposed EKF‐based DFOC scheme over the conventional control scheme to balance the faulted machine phase currents.
Hybrid power plant bidding strategy for voltage stability improvement, electricity market profit maximization, and congestion management
Authors: Ghavidel Sahand , Rajabi Amin , Jabbari Ghadi Mojtaba , Azizivahed Ali , Li Li , Zhang Jiangfeng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article models a hybrid power plant (HPP), including a compressed air energy storage (CAES) aggregator with a wind power aggregator (WPA) considering network constraints. Three objective functions are considered including electricity market profit maximization, congestion management, and voltage stability improvement. In order to accurately model the WPA, pitch control curtailment wind power levels are also added to the wind power generator models. To optimize all the mentioned objective functions, a multi‐objective Pareto front solution strategy is used. Finally, a fuzzy method is used to find the best compromise solution. The proposed approach is tested on a realistic case study based on an electricity market and wind farm located in Spain, and IEEE 57‐bus test system is used to evaluate the network constraint effects on the HPP scheduling for different objective functions.
Practical tables for tolerance assessment of adjustable speed drives under voltage sag
Authors: Wang Ying , Yang Hang , Yang Yixuan , Xiao Xianyong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe tolerance of adjustable speed drive (ASD) under voltage sag is important for users to select equipment and take mitigation methods. However, it is not easy for users to obtain the tolerance information of ASD. To address this issue, this paper proposes practical tables for tolerance assessment of ASD under voltage sag, providing a simpler and faster way for an approximate understanding of the tolerance of ASD. First, this paper proposes a calculation method for three trip characteristics to describe the tolerance of ASD. Second, this paper presents a voltage tolerance curve (VTC) assessment model based on the three trip characteristics, and the coordinate of the “knee point” of VTC can be assessed straightforwardly. Furthermore, the practical tables for tolerance assessment of ASD are formed based on the studies mentioned above. Users can obtain the tolerance of ASDs by looking up the table when they know several key parameters. Simulations tests verify the effectiveness of the calculation method and practical tables.
Entanglement entropy of causal set de Sitter horizons
Authors: Surya Sumati , X Nomaan , Yazdi Yasaman K 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
de Sitter (dS) cosmological horizons are known to exhibit thermodynamic properties similar to black hole horizons. In this work we study causal set dS horizons, using Sorkin’s spacetime entanglement entropy (SSEE) formula, for a conformally coupled quantum scalar field. We calculate the causal set SSEE for the Rindler-like wedge of a symmetric slab of dS spacetime in d = 2, 4 spacetime dimensions using the Sorkin–Johnston vacuum state. We find that the SSEE obeys an area law when the spectrum of the Pauli–Jordan operator is appropriately truncated in both the dS slab as well as its restriction to the Rindler-like wedge. Without this truncation, the SSEE satisfies a volume law. This is in agreement with Sorkin and Yazdi’s calculations for the causal set SSEE for nested causal diamonds in

M

2

, where they showed that an area law is obtained only after truncating the Pauli–Jordan spectrum. In this work we explore different truncation schemes with the criterion that the SSEE so obtained obeys an area law.
Realizing high-performance color-tunable WOLED by adjusting the recombination zone and energy distribution in the emitting layer
Authors: Zhou Juan , Kou Zhiqi , Wang Lijun , Wang Baiqian , Chen Xiang , Sun Xu , Zheng Zixuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Color-tunable white organic light-emitting diodes (CT-WOLEDs) having daylight chromaticity and a wide correlated color temperature (CCT) span can mimic our circadian cycle and realize application for lighting or decoration. The effects of the recombination zone and energy distribution on the electro-optical properties and color span are investigated in this paper. We find that it is beneficial to expand the CCT span by increasing the distance between the red ultrathin phosphorescent emissive layer and the center of the recombination zone. By increasing the concentration (y) of mCP in mixed host material in the emitting layer and the thickness (z nm) of the red ultrathin phosphorescent emissive layer, the CCT spans can be expanded towards high CCT and low CCT, respectively. The widest CCT span reaches 4032 K (2391–6423 K) in a simple all-phosphorescent CT-WOLED with a maximum luminance and power efficiency of 9249 cd m−2 and 15.35 lm W−1, respectively.
Optical investigation on pre-strike arc characteristics in medium-voltage load break switches
Authors: Dorraki Naghme , Niayesh Kaveh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Medium voltage load break switches (MV-LBS) should pass fault current while closing and be able to re-open for the next operation. Replacing SF6 as a high impact greenhouse insulating gas with air, makes the switch design more challenging because of the higher pre-strike arcing time and energy dissipation between contacts which leads to more contact surface erosion and an even higher possibility of welding. In this paper, a synthetic test circuit is used to emulate stresses applied to MV-LBS during the making of short-circuit currents. Since there are difficulties in accurate direct measurement of arc voltage because of the inherent response of the measurement system, an alternative method using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is proposed. OES measures the pre-strike arc temperature distribution profile close to the cathode surface at a test voltage of 18 kV and a making current of 17 kA. The arc electrical characterization is achieved using the obtained spectroscopy results, Lowke’s model and thermal air plasma transport properties. A maximum arc temperature of 12 500 K while the arc moves from the lower part of the cathode to the center, arc voltage of 30–58 V, and dissipated energy of 79–87 J are calculated for the pre-strike arc considering the impact of copper evaporated from the contact surfaces. Different arc behavior is observed in closing the contacts compared to free-burning arcs, which indicates gas flow blowing the arc caused by the contact movement. This investigation could be used for a better understanding of switching behavior and efficient control of the operation.
The case of equivalence of low and high energy constraints on Regge vector spectrum in AdS/QCD
Authors: Afonin S S , Solomko T D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The AdS/QCD models are believed to interpolate between low and high energy sectors of QCD. This belief is usually based on observations that many phenomenologically reasonable predictions follow from bounds imposed at high energies although the hypothetical range of applicability of semiclassical bottom-up holographic models is restricted by the gauge/gravity duality to low energies where QCD is strongly coupled. For testing the feasibility of high energy constraints it is interesting to calculate holographically some observable constants at low and high momenta independently and compare. We consider an AdS/QCD model describing the Regge-like linear spectrum of spin-1 mesons in a general form and show that under definite physical assumptions, the low-energy constraints on two-point correlation functions lead to nearly the same numerical values for the parameters of linear radial spectrum as the high energy ones. The found approximate coincidence looks surprising in view of the fact that such a property for observables is natural for conformal theories while real strong interactions are not conformal.