bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood markers of fibrinolysis system and vascular wall state in neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia
Authors: Попова И.Г. , Назаров С.Б. , Ситникова О.Г. , Кузьменко Г.Н. , Клычева М.М. , Харламова Н.В. , Парейшвили В.В. 
Published: May 2021

Введение. Новорожденные, родившиеся у матерей с патологией во время беременности, составляют группу высокого риска тромботических и геморрагических осложнений, которые повышаются при наличии у новорожденных перинатальной патологии. Цель исследования: оценить показатели, характеризующие состояние системы фибринолиза и сосудистой стенки в крови новорожденных, родившихся у матерей с преэклампсией (ПЭ), для прогнозирования риска тромботических и геморрагических осложнений у таких детей. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 60 новорожденных, родившихся у матерей с ПЭ. Контрольную группу составили 30 новорожденных от матерей без ПЭ. Исследовали венозную кровь, взятую у новорожденных на 3–5-е сутки жизни. В крови определяли уровень тканевого активатора плазминогена (t-РА), ингибитора тканевого активатора плазминогена (PAI-1) и тромбомодулина. Результаты. Выявлено, что у новорожденных от матерей с ПЭ на 3–5-е сутки жизни отмечаются признаки повреждения эндотелия и повышение фибринолитической активности крови, на что указывает повышение содержания t-РА, PAI-1 и тромбомодулина в крови. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о риске развития геморрагических осложнений у таких детей.
Background. Neonates born to mothers with pathology during pregnancy are at high risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications that are increased if neonates have perinatal pathology. Objectives: to assess blood parameters characterizing fibrinolysis and vascular wall of neonates born to mothers with preeclampsia (РЕ), to predict the risk of hemorrhagic complications in these children. Patients/Methods. 60 neonates born to mothers with РЕ were examined. The control group consisted of 30 neonates born to mothers without РЕ. We studied levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (PAI-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) in venous blood taken from neonates on the 3–5th days of life. Results. In neonates born to mothers with PE we revealed on the 3–5th days of life increased blood levels of t-PA, PAI-1 and TM that characterized endothelial damage and increased blood fibrinolytic activity. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the risk of hemorrhagic complications development in these children.
Vital rates of two small populations of brown bears in Canada and range-wide relationship between population size and trend
Authors: McLellan ML , McLellan BN , Sollmann R , Wittmer Heiko 
Published: May 2021

Identifying mechanisms of population change is fundamental for conserving small and declining populations and determining effective management strategies. Few studies, however, have measured the demographic components of population change for small populations of mammals (<50 individuals). We estimated vital rates and trends in two adjacent but genetically distinct, threatened brown bear (Ursus arctos) populations in British Columbia, Canada, following the cessation of hunting. One population had approximately 45 resident bears but had some genetic and geographic connectivity to neighboring populations, while the other population had <25 individuals and was isolated. We estimated population-specific vital rates by monitoring survival and reproduction of telemetered female bears and their dependent offspring from 2005 to 2018. In the larger, connected population, independent female survival was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.96–1.00) and the survival of cubs in their first year was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.62–0.95). In the smaller, isolated population, independent female survival was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64–0.93) and first-year cub survival was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.11–0.67). Reproductive rates did not differ between populations. The large differences in age-specific survival estimates resulted in a projected population increase in the larger population (λ = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.13) and population decrease in the smaller population (λ = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72–0.95). Low female survival in the smaller population was the result of both continued human-caused mortality and an unusually high rate of natural mortality. Low cub survival may have been due to inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity common in small populations, or to limited resources. In a systematic literature review, we compared our population trend estimates with those reported for other small populations (<300 individuals) of brown bears. Results suggest that once brown bear populations become small and isolated, populations rarely increase and, even with intensive management, recovery remains challenging.
Inhibition of α-glucosidase Activity Seed Extract from Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.)
Authors: Nurcholis Waras , Muthoharoh Rini , Ratu Antonius Padua 
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder that affects the metabolism of blood glucose inside the body. One of the alternative treatments is by using traditional medicinal plants, which have hypoglycemia effects. A mahogany seed is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has been proven to treat diabetes and has been used for generations. In the aqueous extract, ethanol 96 %, ethyl acetate, and hexane from mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla King.) the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity are checked by measuring p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranose (pNPG) on 400 nm. The percentage value of the inhibition for α-glucosidase ranged from 6,36-56,77 %, with 96 % ethanol extract that has the highest value and the hexane extract with the lowest value. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, which could be responsible for the bioactivities shown by the 96 % ethanol extract and aqueous extract of S. macrophylla.
Keywords : α-glucosidase activity, diabetes mellitus, mahogany seeds (Swietenia macrophylla King.), phytochemical screening.
CITRA TOKOH UTAMA PEREMPUAN DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM NOVEL CARNATION KARYA SANAZ NADYA
Authors: IRMA CINTYA NURIKA 
Published: May 2021

Karya sastra merupakan cerminan dari kehidupan manusia, salah satunya perempuan yang beragam watak sifat di dalam kesusastraan itu sendiri. Dalam sebuah karya sastra juga memiliki nilai pendidikan yang dapat diambil di dalamnya. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tokoh utama dalam novel Carnation,yang memiliki citra perempuan dan nilai karakter pendidikan yang cukup kuat sebagai anak remaja yang menempuh berbagai kondisi perihal kehidupannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan dan percakapan yang terdapat dalam novel Carnation karya Sanaz Nadya dan sumber data novel dan buku acuan yang berkenaan dengan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan 2 teknik yaitu teknik baca, dan teknik catat. Teknik validitas data dalam penelitian ini dengan trianggulasi data. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan tentang citra tokoh utama dan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam novel Carnation karya Sanaz Nadya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tokoh Della memiliki citra diri meliputi aspek fisik: manis, lucu, cantik, salut. Aspek psikis: penyesalan, menangis, pemarah, galak, kecemburuan, bahagia, pemalu, bijak, agresif. Ada juga citra sosial, yaitu: aspek keluarga. Nilai pendidikan dalam novel Carnation karya Sanaz Nadya meliputi: tanggung jawab, peduli sosial, disiplin, kerja keras, berbakti kepada orang tua, kasih sayang. Kata Kunci : citra perempuan, novel Carnation, nilai pendidikan karakter
Thermal Spraying of High Performance Thermoplastics
Authors: Lugscheider E. , Herbst C. , Fischer A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thermally sprayed coatings of high performance thermoplastics are of interest especially for the chemical industry for anti-corrosion applications at elevated temperatures. In this paper coatings of polyetherether-keton (PEEK) and polyphenylen-sulphide (PPS) have been produced by simple flamespraying. They have been investigated by optical metallography, FT-IR analysis and DSC-analysis. Among the coating properties also the "in-flight" particles have been studied by wipe-tests and FT-IR analysis in order to assess possible decomposition effects during spraying.
Resistance of Thermal Sprayed Duplex Coating Composed of Al and Ni-Cr Alloy Against Aqueous Corrosion
Authors: Ishikawa K. , Suzuki T. , Tobe S. , Kitamura Y. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The development of corrosion resistant sprayed coating without sealing is required to increase reliability of the thermal spray coating method and to expand the field of application for the wet corrosion environments. The conventional wire flame sprayed Al coating on the steel substrate without sealing has poor resistance against aqueous corrosion, so as to be restricted in use in practical fields. A duplex coating composed of sprayed Al on a 80Ni-20Cr alloy undercoat was proven to have sufficient resistance in a hot, near neutral aqueous environment through a trial use in a vegetable oil process. In this paper, mechanism of the corrosion resistance of the duplex coating is clarified by electrochemical measurements of the corrosion potential and the anodic polarization characteristics.
A Study of Oxidation Behaviour of WC-Co, Cr3C2-NiCr And TiC-Ni-Based Materials in Thermal Spray Processes
Authors: Berger L.-M. , Vuoristo P. , Mantyla T. , Gruner W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this paper the oxidation behaviour of WC, Cr3C2, and TiC and their composites with binder metals is compared on the basis of literature data and some oxidation experiments. It was found that the oxidation mechanisms in air, which are more or less equal to service conditions of coatings, seem to be totally different from those in the spray process in the case of WC, but similar in the case of TiC and Cr3C2. Oxide layer scale adhesion strengths and, possibly, the high volatility of WO3 seem to be responsible for this difference. It can also be assumed, that the problem of oxidation of TiC-based materials and Cr3C2-NiCr is that of local oxidation on the surface of the spray powder particles during the spray process. Cr3C2-NiCr and TiC-based materials are characterized by a high oxidation resistance in air. Plain WC-Co oxidizes readily in the temperature range 400-600°C, but alloying with Cr, as for instance in WC-CoCr and WC-(W,Cr)2-Ni spray powders increases the oxidation resistance.
Assessment of HVOF Coatings for Wet Corrosion Protection
Authors: Dvorak M. , Heimgartner P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Until now the use of thermal sprayed metallic coatings for wet corrosion protection is limited to applications where the coating (Al-alloys, Zn-alloys and their mixtures) acts as an anode to protect the substrate or special cases, where thick cold sprayed metallic layers give good results. Other atmospheric cold sprayed layers made of corrosion resistant Ni, Co, Cu or Fe base alloys have their limitations due to the process related discontinuities like pores and oxide films. In more aggressive environments thermal sprayed and fused layers made of so called self-fluxing Ni and Co based alloys are commonly applied. Also in some applications the use of specially designed gas shrouds or of spraying techniques running in inert gas atmospheres or vacuum can yield protective coating solutions. However, these techniques have high investment or service costs or the size of the parts to be coated is restricted. Recent developments in HVOF-spraying open new possibilities in applying cold sprayed coatings on site with good corrosion resistance. The aim of this paper is on one hand to give a comparative overview about the wet corrosion behaviour of thermally sprayed metallic coatings using different spraying techniques related to the performance of the corresponding bulk materials and on the other hand to demonstrate the potential of a new generation of coatings to protect or repair structures exposed to aggressive environments. Keywords: corrosion behavior, thermal sprayed metallic coatings, cermet coatings HVOF, HVIF, PTAW.
Microstructure and Wear-Resistance of Fe-Cr-B Alloy Coatings Fabricated by Detonation Gun
Authors: Jin H.-W. , Park C.G. , Kim M.C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Amorphization induced by sliding wear and consequent wear resistance have been investigated in relation with the microstructure of Fe-Cr-B alloy spray coatings. The Fe-Cr-B spray coated layer exhibited much higher wear resistance and significantly lower friction coefficient in comparison with that of low carbon steel substrate thanks to the amorphous surface film formed during the dry sliding wear. Electron microscopy on the cross-section of the coated layer exhibited intra-particle segregation associated with rod-shape Cr rich (Cr,Fe)xB particles in the matrix of Fe-Cr solid solution phase. From the observations using TEM and EDS, Fe-Cr solid solution phase with super-saturated B and Si content was confirmed to be the phase which mainly contribute to the crystalline-to-amorphous transition induced by sliding wear. The formation of oxide inclusions seems to impede the crystalline-to-amorphous transition by lowering the solute content in Fe-Cr solid solution phase. Keywords : microstructure, wear-resistance, Fe-Cr-B alloy, amorphization, detonation gun
Influence of Surface Microstructure of Ceramic Coatings on the Initiation and Development of Scuffing Phenomena
Authors: Antoszewski B. , Zorawski W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the scuffing behavior of thermally sprayed ceramic coatings. The progress of building up of seizure is related and evaluated for a set of ceramic coatings embodying a diversity of granulations of Al2O3TiO2 and Cr2O3 plasma sprayed on steel, the IHI8N9T steel and carbon-graphite when tested on a roller-block machine. The greatest antiscuffing resistance was recorded for Cr2O3/carbon-graphite pair. An analysis of regression approximating friction force was carried through.
Wear Behaviour of HVOF and HVAF Sprayed WC-Cermet Coatings
Authors: Jacobs L. , Hyland M. , De Bonte Μ. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The tribological behaviour of WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited by HVOF and HVAF and WC-Co coating deposited by HVAF was investigated in pin-on-disc tests. Wear rates were determined and wear tracks on the coatings and counterbodies were investigated in SEM. The HVAF sprayed coatings showed greater wear resistance compared to the HVOF coatings. The main wear mechanism in the WC-Co coatings was adhesive wear. The cobalt matrix is lubricious, resulting in very low wear rates and low debris generation. The main wear mechanisms in the WC-Co-Cr coatings were adhesive and abrasive wear. Adhesive wear results in pull-outs that are trapped in the contact zone and act as a third-body abrasive. Particle pull-out of the coating significantly increases the wear rate of the coated specimen. The HVAF WC-Co-Cr coatings proved to have a better resistance to particle pull-out which reflected in a considerably lower wear rate than the HVOF WC-Co-Cr coatings.
The Structure Property Relationship of Erosion Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Tucker R.C. , Ashari A.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Thermal spray coatings are widely used for erosion resistance, but the relationship between the microstructure of the coatings and their erosion resistance is not well understood. In this paper the performance of several commonly used coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures is reviewed in light of the coatings' structure and compared with a new coating. Two high temperature industrial applications, solid particle erosion in steam turbines and alumina-based erosion have been chosen to illustrate the significance of a coating's structure on its performance.
Effect of Powder Type on the Relationship between Spray Parameters and Properties of HVOF Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings
Authors: Li C.J. , Ji G.-C. , Wang Y.-Y. , Sonoya K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The effects of powder types and HVOF spray systems used to produce Cr3C2-NiCr coating on the relationships between spray parameters and wear performance were investigated based on the effect of fuel gas conditions on abrasive wear and erosion wear. The relationships between spray parameters and wear properties were obtained by orthogonal regression experimental design method. Four types of powders and two HVOF spray systems were used. It is found that with the increase in fuel gas flow or pressure the abrasive wear and erosion of Cr3C2-NiCr coatings change following a concave curve. The Cr3C2-NiCr coating with the best wear performance will be deposited under intermediate fuel gas condition. It is experimentally confirmed that by different types of powders and HVOF systems applicable to HVOF spraying of Cr3C2-NiCr coating, although the optimized fuel gas conditions to deposit coating with the best wear performance will be influenced by types of starting powders.
Effects of Powder Composition on the Erosion, Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Properties of HVOF Sprayed WC Based Coatings
Authors: Berget J. , Bardal E. , Rogne T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Different WC-based coatings have been sprayed by the HVOF process and characterised by different methods. The influence of different powder characteristics on the wear and corrosion performance was investigated. Powder characteristics investigated include: i) average WC particle size, ii) matrix composition and iii) powder grain size distribution. The results show that the coating properties are affected by the different powder characteristics. Small WC particles were found to be beneficial as regards the erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance. An increase of the Cr and Mo content increased the corrosion and erosion-corrosion resistance. Powders with narrow grain size distributions gave coatings of higher quality than powders with wider grain size distributions.
Optical Diagnostics and Modeling of Gas and Droplet Flow in Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Kelkar M. , Hussary N. , Schein J. , Heberlein J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is widespread industrial interest in wire arc spraying as it has proven to be a relatively inexpensive alternative providing high quality coatings in many applications. Modeling and experimental studies have been conducted with different nozzle geometries to study the influence of fluid dynamics on the behavior of the particles which form the coating. Schlieren optical diagnostics and image analysis are used to study flow patterns obtained with different nozzle geometries. Supplementary measurements are made with static and total pressure probes. A particle breakup model is used to predict the trajectory and breakup of molten particles in the jet. This investigation indicates that nozzle designs that minimize or eliminate shock formation before the atomizing gas reaches the wire tips result in lower coating porosity and a more uniform particle size distribution.
3D Modelling of Thermal Spray Droplet Splashing
Authors: Bussmann M. , Aziz S.D. , Chandra S. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Various models exist of the 2D impact of a molten thermal spray particle onto a flat solid surface. Such models, however, cannot be used to examine 3D effects such as the asymmetric splashing and breakup which are common under thermal spray conditions. The focus of the present work is on such effects. A 3D model of droplet impact has been developed which predicts splashing and the subsequent formation of small satellite droplets. The model is a 3D version of RIPPLE (LA12007- MS), an Eulerian fixed-grid finite volume code utilizing a volume tracking algorithm to track the droplet free surface. Simulations are presented of the impact and splashing of a molten tin droplet, and the results compared with photographs. A simple model, based on Rayleigh-Taylor instability theory, yields an estimate of the number of satellite droplets which form during impact. Finally, a simulation of droplet impact under thermal spray conditions demonstrates breakup, although in the form of a corona which separates from the bulk of the fluid.
Mathematical Modeling of a Plasma Jet Impinging on a Flat Structure
Authors: Bolot R. , Coddet C. , Imbert M. , Monin V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A mathematical model of the impingement of a plasma jet on a flat structure is proposed. This model can be used to predict temperature and velocity fields in the jet and in the near substrate region, but also to estimate thermal exchanges at the surface of this substrate. Different options were tested concerning the modeling of the near wall region and results indicate that a boundary layer calculation is necessary to predict the energy flux transferred to the substrate with a good accuracy. Nevertheless, the influence of the presence of the substrate on temperature and velocity fields was found to be important only in the near substrate region, indicating that the flow fields calculated from free jet modeling are accurate over the major part of the domain.
The Effect of Substrate Preheating and Surface Organic Covering on Splat Formation
Authors: Li C.J. , Li J.-L. , Wang W.-B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The splashing usually occurs when a droplet impact on a substrate surface during thermal spraying, which results in the formation of splat with irregularly complicated morphology. In present study splats are formed on polished stainless steel substrate surface covered with different organic substances with different boiling points by plasma spraying under different preheating temperature of substrate in order to clarify the factors which control the splashing during droplet flattening in thermal spray process. The droplet materials used are aluminum, nickel, copper, Al2O3 and molybdenum. Three kinds of organic substances used are xylene, glycol and glycerol which are brushed on the surface of substrate before spraying. It is found that when the preheating temperature exceeds 50°C over the boiling point of organic substance brushed on substrate surface the regular disk type splats are formed in the case that no substrate melting occurs by molten droplet. When the flattening of droplet causes the melting of substrate such as the combination of Mo droplet with stainless steel substrate, the preheating of substrate has no influence on splat morphology. The evaporated gas induced splashing and substrate surface melting induced splashing models are proposed to interpret the formation of the annulus-ringed splat.
Comparison of the Behaviour of Copper, Cast Iron and Aluminum Alloy Substrates Heated by a Plasma Transferred Arc
Authors: Leylavergne M. , Valetoux H. , Coudert J.F. , Fauchais P. , Leroux V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) reclamation of aluminum alloys by hard materials with a much higher melting temperature is very difficult. This is due to the high thermal diffusivity of these al1oys. Below a critical heat flux φc nothing happens and over φc the substrate melts very rapidly contrarily to what is observed with steel substrates. That explains probably why PTA is mainly used for steel reclamation. Thus the knowledge of heat flux transferred to the anode is a critical point to develop PTA reclamation on aluminum alloys and this is the aim of this paper. An experimental set-up was built to study the heat transferred to three substrates made of different materials : cast iron for reference, aluminum alloy and copper for its high thermal conductivity. The plasma torch was a Castolin Eutectic gun and allowed to inject a sheath gas around the plasma column. The copper, aluminum alloy and cast iron substrates, easily interchangeable, were the top of a water-cooled calorimeter allowing to determine the variation of the received heat flux with the working parameters : arc current, stand off distance, plasma forming gas momentum, sheath gas composition and momentum. The determination of the arc electric field allowed to calculate the arc diameter which was compared first with pictures taken with a video camera and second, with wear traces left on the anode material. Several correlations have been established to characterize the arc voltage and the anode heat flux.