bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gendering of Infectious Disease: Classifying Male and Female Causes of Death in the Netherlands and Norway, 1880–1910
Authors: Sommerseth Hilde L , Walhout Evelien C 
Published: August 2021

Summary
This article explores sex and gender patterns in mortality, based on individual-level causes of death (CODs) in two urban communities, obtained from civil and parish registers. By analysing CODs for the period 1880–1910 for Roosendaal (Netherlands) and Trondheim (Norway) we investigate how notions of sex and gender were reflected in cause-specific mortality rates for adults and in the registration of CODs by local authorities. Our findings show (i) excess male mortality among age group 15–70, (ii) airborne infectious diseases were responsible for most deaths in both cities, but did not show a distinct gender pattern, (iii) TB appeared to be more location-specific than gender-specific. However, the level of variation and specification in TB COD terms was higher among women in both locations.
Effect of phacoemulsification fluid flow on the corneal endothelium: experimental study in rabbit eyes
Authors: Ungricht Emilie L. , Culp Catherine , Qu Phillip , Harris Jacob T. , Brintz Ben J. , Mamalis Nick , Olson Randall J. , Werner Liliana 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To quantify the damage to the corneal endothelium from the flow of a balanced salt solution during phacoemulsification.

Setting:
John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
12 New Zealand white rabbits received bilateral surgery. 6 eyes served as controls with no irrigation (incision only). In 18 eyes, the Intrepid Balanced tip of the Centurion Ozil (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) handpiece was inserted into the anterior chamber for continuous irrigation at 50 mL/min with either 250 or 500 mL of balanced salt solution. After killing humanely and enucleation, the corneas were removed, stained with trypan blue–alizarin red, and photographed in a standardized manner (×400 photographs from 5 specific areas and 1 overview photograph from each corneal button). The ImageJ program was used to evaluate cell damage and loss in the photographs obtained from each cornea.

Results:
Analysis of the ×400 photographs showed no statistically significant differences between control, 250 mL, and 500 mL groups in the percentage of intact, damaged, or lost cells (P = .896, .851, and .972 respectively). For the overview photographs, the differences in areas of intact and damaged cells among the groups were statistically significant, likely because of the peripheral areas of damage related to touches between the phacoemulsification tip and the endothelium during irrigation.

Conclusions:
The volume of balanced salt solution flow alone did not seem to be a major contributing source of endothelial cell damage and loss, providing further insight into mechanisms of corneal endothelium damage during phacoemulsification.
Comparison of two phacoemulsification system handpieces: prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Cyril Dhanya , Brahmani Pathakamuri , Prasad Senthil , Rashme Vinitha L. , R Sankarananthan , Kamble Nikhil Rajendra , Balakrishnan Logesh , Nagu Kamatchi , Shekhar Madhu 
Published: August 2021

Purpose:
To compare the safety and efficacy of Active Sentry handpiece with Ozil handpiece for Centurion phacoemulsification system.

Setting:
Tertiary eye center, South India.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Methods:
204 eyes of 204 patients with uncomplicated cataract who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with Centurion Vision System were randomized into 2 groups: Ozil handpiece (n = 101) and Active Sentry handpiece (n = 103). Intraoperative factors such as patient pain perception, surgeon comfort level, amount of phacoemulsification energy and aspiration fluid used, and frequency of activation of active surge mitigation (ASM) were analyzed, and postoperatively, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and corneal edema on day 1 were compared.

Results:
A total of 204 eyes of 204 patients were included among which 101 underwent surgery with ozil hand piece and 103 with Active Sentry handpiece. Patient pain perception was comparable between the groups with no statistically significant differences in patients who had pain-free surgery (66% vs 61.3%) and those who experienced moderate pain (24.3% vs 28.7%). Surgeons were more comfortable using Ozil handpiece during entry into anterior chamber and emulsification of hard nuclei (48.5% vs 28.6%). The mean cumulative dissipated energy for soft and hard cataracts was 5.6 and 4.8 and 9.3 and 9.4 for Ozil and Active Sentry groups, respectively. ASM was activated for 53 eyes (51.5%), of which 42 eyes (79.2%) had soft cataract and 11 eyes (20.7%) hard cataract. Postoperative CDVA and incidence of corneal edema were comparable between the groups.

Conclusions:
For Centurion Vision System, Active Sentry handpiece was as safe and efficacious as the Ozil handpiece with added benefit of operating at lower intraocular pressure levels.
Nail Psoriasis: Treatment Options and Management Strategies in Special Patient Populations
Authors: Zhou Xu-Yue , Zhang Jia-An , Chen Kun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nail involvement is common in psoriasis and is considered a risk factor for and a predictor of the development of psoriatic arthritis. The treatment of nail psoriasis is challenging because of the unique anatomical structure of nails and the absence of standardized treatment protocols. Herein, we provide an up-to-date overview of the treatment options for nail psoriasis, including topical drugs and penetration enhancement strategies, traditional and novel oral drugs, and biologic agents. In addition, we highlight the available individualized management strategies in special patient populations such as pediatric patients, geriatric patients, women of childbearing age, and patients with concomitant onychomycosis or psoriatic arthritis.
Odontogenic Keratocyst in the Masseter Muscle
Authors: Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Sodnom-Ish Buyanbileg , Yoon Hye-Jung , Kim Soung Min 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) arising from purely soft tissue other than the mucosa covering the jawbone is rare. A 57- year-old Korean female patient presented with a lump on her right cheek, which had been suspected as a fibrotic mass on the buccinator muscle by the local clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ovoid mass in the buccal space just before the right ramus with an enhancing component in the marginal area, and the interior of the mass revealed a fluid signal. Histopathologically, the lesion showed the typical features of OKC and the cyst wall contained some daughter cysts and the minor salivary gland, muscle, and fat tissues. The authors report a very unique case of OKC arising in the masseter muscle.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HELMINTHASIS AND GASTRIC CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Ramírez Moreno David Fabian 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionhelminths are parasitic worms able to produce diverse clinical manifestations in humans, mainly in the gut. Gastric cancer it’s a high incidence entity in Colombia, being the highland regions where it’s incidence is the highest in comparison with the lower incidence coastal region. From the above it is intended to determine the relationship between helminthiasis and the development of gastric cancer.MethodologyA systematic review was performed in four databases for studies evaluating the relationship between helminthiasis and the development of gastric cancer.ResultsWe included 16 articles from 929 records, with 11 articles reporting a positive relationship and 5 articles with negative relationship.ConclusionsParasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract by helminths promote TH-2 type immune responses and decrease TH-1 type that are involved in the progression of precancerous lesions associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
A broadly neutralizing biparatopic Nanobody protects mice from lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Wagner Teresa R. , Schnepf Daniel , Beer Julius , Klingel Karin , Ruetalo Natalia , Kaiser Philipp D. , Junker Daniel , Sauter Martina , Traenkle Bjoern , Frecot Desiree I. , Becker Matthias , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Ohnemus Annette , Schwemmle Martin , Schindler Michael , Rothbauer Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the frequent emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), requires continued development of fast and effective therapeutics. Recently, we identified high-affinity neutralizing nanobodies (Nb) specific for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, which are now being used as biparatopic Nbs (bipNbs) to investigate their potential as future drug candidates. Following detailedin vitrocharacterization, we chose NM1267 as the most promising candidate showing high affinity binding to several recently described SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and strong neutralizing capacity against a patient isolate of B.1.351 (Beta). To assess if bipNb NM1267 confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infectionin vivo, human ACE2 transgenic mice were treated by intranasal route before infection with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. NM1267-treated mice showed significantly reduced disease progression, increased survival rates and secreted less infectious virus via their nostrils. Histopathological analyses andin situhybridization further revealed a drastically reduced viral load and inflammatory response in lungs of NM1267-treated mice. These data suggest, that bipNb NM1267 is a broadly active and easily applicable drug candidate against a variety of emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
Integrated Single Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal Autoreactive Differentiated B Cells in Joints of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hardt Uta , Carlberg Konstantin , Klint Erik af , Sahlström Peter , Larsson Ludvig , van Vollenhoven Annika , Machado Susana Hernandez , Israelsson Lena , Amara Khaled , Chemin Karine , Korotkova Marina , Karlsson Hedestam Gunilla B , Catrina Anca I , Teichmann Sarah A , Ståhl Patrik L , Malmström Vivianne 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of peripheral joints. Patients can be subdivided by the presence or absence of Rheumatoid Factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in their circulation. Inflammation of the joint tissue is associated with infiltration of leukocytes from the blood, which can result in generation of lymphoid structures composed of B and T cells. Previous studies have shown that both memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells populate the rheumatic joint tissue when captured from established and often long-standing disease. However, it has remained unclear, whether these cells are autoreactive and whether the associated lymphoid structures are present at the site of inflammation already at the time of diagnosis. Here, we used an integrated single cell and spatial transcriptomic approach to study B and plasma cells in synovial tissue of ACPA- and ACPA+ RA patients at this early time point. We found evidence for T cell help to B cells and presence of memory B and plasma cell pools in ACPA- as well as in ACPA+ RA. Our results demonstrated common supportive microenvironments in both patient subgroups, clonal relationships between the memory B and plasma cell pools and autoreactivity within the plasma cell compartment. These findings challenge our understanding of the dynamics of local adaptive immune responses in the RA joint of ACPA- and ACPA+ patients at the time of diagnosis, with direct implications for B and T cell targeting therapies for both patient subgroups.One Sentence SummaryA B cell maturation and plasma cell maintenance niche is evident at onset of Rheumatoid arthritis in both ACPA- and ACPA+ patients.
Immune Correlates Analysis of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
Authors: Gilbert Peter B. , Montefiori David C. , McDermott Adrian , Fong Youyi , Benkeser David , Deng Weiping , Zhou Honghong , Houchens Christopher R. , Martins Karen , Jayashankar Lakshmi , Castellino Flora , Flach Britta , Lin Bob C. , O’Connell Sarah , McDanal Charlene , Eaton Amanda , Sarzotti-Kelsoe Marcella , Lu Yiwen , Yu Chenchen , Borate Bhavesh , van der Laan Lars W. P. , Hejazi Nima , Huynh Chuong , Miller Jacqueline , El Sahly Hana M. , Baden Lindsey R. , Baron Mira , De La Cruz Luis , Gay Cynthia , Kalams Spyros , Kelley Colleen F. , Kutner Mark , Andrasik Michele P. , Kublin James G. , Corey Lawrence , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Carpp Lindsay N. , Pajon Rolando , Follmann Dean , Donis Ruben O. , Koup Richard A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the Coronavirus Efficacy (COVE) trial, estimated mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy against coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was 94%. SARS-CoV-2 antibody measurements were assessed as correlates of COVID-19 risk and as correlates of protection.MethodsThrough case-cohort sampling, participants were selected for measurement of four serum antibody markers at Day 1 (first dose), Day 29 (second dose), and Day 57: IgG binding antibodies (bAbs) to Spike, bAbs to Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), and 50% and 80% inhibitory dilution pseudovirus neutralizing antibody titers calibrated to the WHO International Standard (cID50 and cID80). Participants with no evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Cox regression assessed in vaccine recipients the association of each Day 29 or 57 serologic marker with COVID-19 through 126 or 100 days of follow-up, respectively, adjusting for risk factors.ResultsDay 57 Spike IgG, RBD IgG, cID50, and cID80 neutralization levels were each inversely correlated with risk of COVID-19: hazard ratios 0.66 (95% CI 0.50, 0.88; p=0.005); 0.57 (0.40, 0.82; p=0.002); 0.42 (0.27, 0.65; p<0.001); 0.35 (0.20, 0.61; p<0.001) per 10-fold increase in marker level, respectively, multiplicity adjusted P-values 0.003-0.010. Results were similar for Day 29 markers (multiplicity adjusted P-values <0.001-0.003). For vaccine recipients with Day 57 reciprocal cID50 neutralization titers that were undetectable (<2.42), 100, or 1000, respectively, cumulative incidence of COVID-19 through 100 days post Day 57 was 0.030 (0.010, 0.093), 0.0056 (0.0039, 0.0080), and 0.0023 (0.0013, 0.0036). For vaccine recipients at these titer levels, respectively, vaccine efficacy was 50.8% (−51.2, 83.0%), 90.7% (86.7, 93.6%), and 96.1% (94.0, 97.8%). Causal mediation analysis estimated that the proportion of vaccine efficacy mediated through Day 29 cID50 titer was 68.5% (58.5, 78.4%).ConclusionsBinding and neutralizing antibodies correlated with COVID-19 risk and vaccine efficacy and likely have utility in predicting mRNA-1273 vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.Trial registration numberCOVEClinicalTrials.govnumber,NCT04470427
Comparing Sources of Mobility for Modelling the Epidemic Spread of Zika Virus in Colombia
Authors: Perrotta Daniela , Frias-Martinez Enrique , Piontti Ana Pastore y , Zhang Qian , Luengo-Oroz Miguel , Paolotti Daniela , Tizzoni Michele , Vespignani Alessandro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTimely, accurate, and comparative data on human mobility is of paramount importance for epidemic preparedness and response, but generally not available or easily accessible. Mobile phone metadata, typically in the form of Call Detail Records (CDRs), represents a powerful source of information on human movements at an unprecedented scale. In this work, we investigate the potential benefits of harnessing aggregated CDR-derived mobility to predict the 2015-2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Colombia, when compared to other traditional data sources. To simulate the spread of ZIKV at sub-national level in Colombia, we employ a stochastic metapopulation epidemic model for vector-borne disease. Our model integrates detailed data on the key drivers of ZIKV spread, including the spatial heterogeneity of the mosquito abundance, and the exposure of the population to the virus due to environmental and socio-economic factors. Given the same modelling settings (i.e. initial conditions and epidemiological parameters), we perform in-silico simulations for each mobility network and assess their ability in reproducing the local outbreak as reported by the official surveillance data. We assess the performance of our epidemic modelling approach in capturing the ZIKV outbreak both nationally and sub-nationally. Our model estimates are strongly correlated with the surveillance data at the country level (Pearson’sr=0.92 for the CDR-informed network). Moreover, we found strong performance of the model estimates generated by the CDR-informed mobility network in reproducing the local outbreak observed at the sub-national level. Compared to the CDR-informed network, the performance of the other mobility networks is either comparatively similar or substantially lower, with no added value in predicting the local epidemic. This suggests that mobile phone data capture a better picture of human mobility patterns. This work contributes to the ongoing discussion on the value of aggregated mobility estimates from CDRs data that, with appropriate data protection and privacy safeguards, can be used for social impact applications and humanitarian action.
In-House, Rapid, and Low-Cost SARS-CoV-2 Spike Gene Sequencing Protocol to Identify Variants of Concern Using Sanger Sequencing
Authors: Alhamlan Fatimah S. , Bakheet Dana M. , Bohol Marie F. , Alsanea Madain S. , Alahideb Basma M. , Alhadeq Faten M. , Alsuwairi Feda A. , Al-Abdulkareem Maha , Asiri Mohamed S. , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Altamimi Sarah A. , Mutabagani Maysoon S. , Althawadi Sahar I. , Alqahtani Ahmed A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe need for active genomic sequencing surveillance to rapidly identify circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is critical. However, increased global demand has led to a shortage of commercial SARS-CoV-2 sequencing kits, and not every country has the technological capability or the funds for high-throughput sequencing platforms. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a rapid, cost-efficient genome sequencing protocol that uses supplies, equipment, and methodologic expertise available in standard molecular or diagnostic laboratories to identify circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.MethodsSets of primers flanking the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene were designed using SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences retrieved from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) Database and synthesized in-house. Primer specificity and final sequences were verified using online prediction analyses with BLAST. The primers were validated using 282 nasopharyngeal samples collected from patients assessed as positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the diagnostic laboratory of the hospital. The patient samples were subjected to RNA extraction followed by cDNA synthesis, conventional polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing. Protocol specificity was confirmed by comparing these results with SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing of the same samples.ResultsSanger sequencing using the newly designed primers and next-generation whole genome sequencing of 282 patient samples indicated identical VOCs results: 123 samples contained the alpha variant (B.1.1.7); 78, beta (B.1.351), 0, gamma (P.1), and 13, delta (B.1.617.2). The remaining samples were not 100% identical to the reference genome; however, 99.97% identity indicated that there was minimal variation as the virus spread throughout the nation. Only four samples had poor sequence quality by Sanger sequencing owing to a low RNA count (Ct value >38). Therefore, mutation calls were >98% accurate.ConclusionsSanger sequencing method using in-house primers is an alternative approach that can be used in facilities with existing equipment to mitigate limitations in high throughput supplies required to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. This protocol is easily adaptable for detection of emerging variants.
Mixed ancestry analysis of whole-genome sequencing identifies TBX5 and PTK7 as susceptibility genes for posterior urethral valves
Authors: Chan Melanie MY , Sadeghi-Alavijeh Omid , Lopes Filipa M , Hilger Alina C , Stanescu Horia C , Voinescu Catalin D , Beaman Glenda M , Newman William G , Zaniew Marcin , Weber Stefanie , Connolly John O , Wood Dan , Stuckey Alexander , Kousathanas Athanasios ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Kleta Robert , Woolf Adrian S , Bockenhauer Detlef , Levine Adam P , Gale Daniel P 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPosterior urethral valves (PUV) are the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease in children, but the genetic architecture of this rare disorder remains largely unknown. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 132 unrelated PUV cases and 23,727 controls of mixed ancestry and identified statistically significant associations with common variants at 12q24.21 (P=7.8x10-12; OR 0.4) and rare variants at 6p21.1 (P=2x10-8; OR 7.2), that were replicated in an independent European cohort. Bayesian fine mapping and functional annotation mapped these loci to the transcription factor TBX5 and planar cell polarity gene PTK7, respectively, with the encoded proteins detected in the normal human developing urinary tract. These findings represent the first known genetic associations of PUV, providing novel insights into the underlying biology of this poorly understood disorder and demonstrate that a mixed ancestry WGS approach can increase power for disease locus discovery and facilitate fine-mapping of causal variants.
Prevalence of heterotrophic methylmercury detoxifying bacteria across oceanic regions
Authors: Sanz-Sáez Isabel , Pereira García Carla , Bravo Andrea G. , Trujillo Laura , Pla i Ferriol Martí , Capilla Miguel , Sánchez Pablo , Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios Rosa del Carmen , Acinas Silvia G. , Sánchez Olga 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTMicrobial reduction of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg2+) and methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation is performed by themeroperon, specifically bymerAandmerBgenes respectively, but little is known about the mercury tolerance capacity of marine microorganisms and its prevalence in the global ocean. Here, we explored the distribution of these genes in 290 marine heterotrophic bacteria (AlteromonasandMarinobacterspp.) isolated from different oceanographic regions and depths, and assessed their tolerance to diverse concentrations of Hg2+and MeHg. About 25% of the isolates presentedmerAand only 8.9% presented bothmerABgenes, including the strain ISS312 that exhibited the highest tolerance capacity and a degradation efficiency of 98.2% in 24 h. Fragment recruitment analyses of ISS312 genome against microbial metagenomes indicated an extensive distribution across the global bathypelagic ocean. Our findings highlighted that mercury resistance genes are widely distributed in a non-highly polluted environment such as the pelagic marine environment, and that degradation of the neurotoxic MeHg can be performed through the ocean water column by some heterotrophic bacteria at high efficiency with important implications in the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and potentially for the environment and human health.TeaserActive mercury resistance genes detected in marine cultured bacteria are widely distributed in the ocean including the bathypelagic zone.