bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE: UPAYA MENJAGA KEDAULATAN WILAYAH UDARA INDONESIA
Authors: Razqi Afrizal 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAir is an inseparable part of a country, a country's sovereignty over land and sea also means sovereignty over airspace. As an international community, it is only natural that Indonesia's airspace is used for the common interest of supporting population mobility and economic improvement. However, Indonesian sovereignty over airspace is still being violated by foreign aircraft. Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) is a zone for identification of foreign aircraft before entering the airspace. The determination of ADIZ Indonesia needs to be accompanied by various preparations including improving positive laws regarding airspace security, completing air defense system infrastructure, and building an understanding of the concept of ADIZ Indonesia with neighboring countries directly bordering Indonesia. This paper uses a normative legal research method using a descriptive analysis approach, a legal material search technique uses a secondary data source obtained through a literature study, and a study analysis uses qualitative analysis. The results of the writing show that there are legal gaps and gaps in the determination of administrative sanctions fines, the lack of the number of radars belonging to the Indonesian Air Force under the National Defense Force in protecting Indonesian airspace, and the heavy-duty of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to build the trust of neighboring countries amid the dynamics of the South China Sea territorial conflict if the government determines ADIZ Indonesia.Keywords: Airspace; Sovereignty; ADIZ. ABSTRAKUdara merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari suatu negara, kedaulatan suatu negara akan daratan dan lautan juga berarti kedaulatan akan wilayah udara. Sebagai masyarakat Internasional, sudah sewajarnya wilayah udara Indonesia dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan bersama guna mendukung mobilitas penduduk sampai peningkatan ekonomi. Namun kedaulatan Indonesia akan wilayah udara masih marak dilanggar oleh pesawat udara asing. Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) merupakan zona identifikasi pesawat udara asing sebelum memasuki wilayah udara. Penetapan ADIZ Indonesia perlu dibarengi dengan pelbagai kesiapan meliputi penyempurnaan hukum positif mengenai pengamanan wilayah udara, melengkapi infrastruktur sistem pertahanan udara, dan membangun kesepahaman konsep ADIZ Indonesia dengan negara tetangga yang berbatasan langsung dengan Indonesia. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis. Teknik penelusuran bahan hukum menggunakan sumber data sekunder yang didapat melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis kajian menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penulisan menunjukan bahwa ada celah dan kekosongan hukum dalam penetapan denda sanksi administratif, kurangnya jumlah radar milik TNI AU dibawah Kohanudnas dalam melindungi wilayah udara Indonesia, dan tugas berat Kementerian Luar Negeri untuk membangun kepercayaan negara tetangga ditengah dinamika konflik teritorial Laut China Selatan apabila pemerintah menetapkan ADIZ Indonesia.
Ag-grafted on ZnO nanorod arrays using UV-assisted irradiation for enhanced SERS behavior in CV detection
Authors: Trang Ton Nu Quynh , To Cam Huong Le , Duong Thai , Thi Hanh Thu Vu 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Semiconductor-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high stability and reproducibility have become one of the essential analytical tools in the analysis of chemical and biological at trace levels. Herein, a growth of the hexagonal-wrapped ZnO nanorod arrays decorating with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different concentrations of Ag was proposed.
Methods: The crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman system, respectively.
Results: The results revealed that the SERS performance of ZnO NRs incorporating with AgNPs exhibited higher detection of crystal violet (CV) probe molecules at a low concentration of 10􀀀8 M than that of the pristine ZnO NRs. This effect originates from the localized surface plasmonic resonance of AgNPs that could cause a strong electromagnetic field and synergistic effects of Ag, ZnO, and CV molecules in ZnONRs@Ag/CV SERS system.
Conclusion: These outcomes reveal that AgNPs play a crucial role in enhanced SERS performance for chemical and biological detection of ZnO substrate.
Vitrification of immature oocytes of goats in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharif MN , Choudhury SM , Rahman MM , Rahman MM , Juyena NS , Bhuiyan MMU 
Published: May 2021

Cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos by vitrification can have advantages in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in mammals. The aim of this study was to establish an effective vitrification procedure and cryodevice for goat’s oocytes in Bangladesh. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries from slaughterhouse. COCs with more than 3 layers of cumulus cells were selected. COCs were vitrified by two-step procedure using 7.5% and 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotective agent (CPA), loaded on Cryotop or French mini-straw, then directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (LN2). Then the COCs containing Cryotop or French mini-straws were warmed in 0.25 M sucrose and 20% FBS-supplemented tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 followed by in vitro culture in 50 μl droplets of bicarbonate-buffered TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS, pyruvate, FSH and oestradiol for 24 h at 39°C with 5% CO2 in humidified air. After maturation culture, oocytes were denuded and examined under inverted microscope for presence of polar body as the indication of maturation. The in vitro maturation rate of goat’s oocytes after vitrification and warming was 39.3 ± 6.8%, 31.3 ± 9.4%, 61.6 ± 14.2% when using Cryotop (cryodevice), French mini-straws and without vitrification (control), respectively. Maturation rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) without vitrification. It is suggested that both Cryotop and French mini-straw are efficient cryodevices for vitrification of goat’s oocytes and further investigation is required to optimize the protocol for vitrification and warming procedure for the satisfactory survival of goat’s oocytes.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 7-12
Comparison of green tea and probiotic as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler ration
Authors: Hasan MM , Hossain ME , Azad MAK , Hossain MM , Afsana AS 
Published: May 2021

Feed supplements were used up to 35 days in 240 Cobb-500 broilers divided randomly into four groups. The treatments were: control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), probiotic (basal diet + protexin) and green tea (basal diet + 0.25% green tea powder). Body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in the antibiotic, probiotic and green tea groups compared to the control. Lower (P<0.05) feed intake and better (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio occurred in the supplemented groups than the control group. Supplementation of antibiotic and green tea increased (P<0.05) crude protein content of the meat, while probiotic and green tea decreased (P<0.05) fat content compared to the control. Gizzard weight increased (P<0.05) in antibiotic group, whereas wing and caeca weight increased in green tea group. Supplemented groups had decreased (P<0.05) caecal microbial number compared to the control group. It is suggested that addition of probiotic and green tea improves growth parameters, composition of broiler meat and reduced microbial population.
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 13-24
PENERAPAN ASESMEN KINERJA PADA MATA KULIAH TELAAH KURIKULUM BIOLOGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KELOMPOK MAHASISWA
Authors: Irawati Sri 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan asesmen kinerja yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kerja kelompok mahasiswa dan meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa serta untuk mendapatkan bentuk atau model asesmen alternatif yang tepat bagi peningkatan produktivitas kerja kelompok mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan Telaah Kurikulum Biologi. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan secara bersiklus yang setiap siklusnya terdiri atas 3 tahap yaitu 1) Tahap perencanaan, 2) Tahap pelaksanaan tindakan dan observasi serta evaluasi, dan 3) Tahap refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan asesmen kinerja dalam perkuliahan telaah kurikulum mampu meningkatkan profil produktivitas kerja kelompok mahasiswa yang dapat dilihat dari kenaikan jumlah mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam diskusi mengalami kenaikan, jika sebelum penerapan asesmen kinerja keterlibatan mahasiswa hanya 20,13% meningkat menjadi 76,56 %. Pada siklus I ketuntasan belajar klasikal mahasiswa sebesar 65,625%, dan pada siklus II diperoleh ketuntasan belajar klasikal mahasiswa sebesar 93,75%, terjadi kenaikan sebesar 28,125%.Kata kunci : Asesment Kinerja, Kerja Kelompok, Telaah Kurikulum
Does Chronic Intestinal Inflammation Promote Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study With Populations of European Ancestry
Authors: Chen LaiTe , Jiang ChenYang 
Published: May 2021

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD), has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the causal role of the chronic intestinal inflammation (CII) in the development of AF remains controversial. We use Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal inference of CII on AF.Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was performed to estimate the potential causal effect of CII on AF. Statistical summaries for the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotypes of CII were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with cohorts of CD (n = 51,874), UC (n = 47,745), and IBD (n = 65,642) of European descent. The GWAS of 1,030,836 people of European ancestry, including 60,620 AF cases and 970,216 controls was collected to identify genetic variants underlying AF. The causal inference was estimated using the multiplicative random effects inverse-variance weighted method (IVW). The methods of MR-Egger, simple median, and weighted median were also employed to avoid the bias of pleiotropy effects.Results: Using three sets of SNPs (75 SNPs of CD, 60 SNPs of UC, and 95 SNPs of IBD), multiplicative random-effect IVW model estimated a universal null effect of CII on AF (CD: OR = 1.0059, 95% CI: 0.9900, 1.0220, p = 0.47; UC: OR = 1.0087, 95% CI: 0.9896, 1.0281, p = 0.38; IBD: OR = 1.0080, 95% CI: 0.9908, 1.0255, p = 0.37). Similar results were observed using the MR-Egger, simple median, weighted median methods.Conclusion: As opposing to the traditional observational studies, our two-sample MR analysis did not find enough evidence to support a causal role of either CD or UC in the development of AF.
Optimising Follicular Development, Pituitary Suppression, Triggering and Luteal Phase Support During Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Delphi Consensus
Authors: Orvieto Raoul , Venetis Christos A. , Fatemi Human M. , D’Hooghe Thomas , Fischer Robert , Koloda Yulia , Horton Marcos , Grynberg Michael , Longobardi Salvatore , Esteves Sandro C. , Sunkara Sesh K. , Li Yuan , Alviggi Carlo 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundA Delphi consensus was conducted to evaluate global expert opinions on key aspects of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment.MethodsTen experts plus the Scientific Coordinator discussed and amended statements plus supporting references proposed by the Scientific Coordinator. The statements were distributed via an online survey to 35 experts, who voted on their level of agreement or disagreement with each statement. Consensus was reached if the proportion of participants agreeing or disagreeing with a statement was &gt;66%.ResultsEighteen statements were developed. All statements reached consensus and the most relevant are summarised here. (1) Follicular development and stimulation with gonadotropins (n = 9 statements): Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) alone is sufficient for follicular development in normogonadotropic patients aged &lt;35 years. Oocyte number and live birth rate are strongly correlated; there is a positive linear correlation with cumulative live birth rate. Different r-hFSH preparations have identical polypeptide chains but different glycosylation patterns, affecting the biospecific activity of r-hFSH. r-hFSH plus recombinant human LH (r-hFSH:r-hLH) demonstrates improved pregnancy rates and cost efficacy versus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in patients with severe FSH and LH deficiency. (2) Pituitary suppression (n = 2 statements): Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists are associated with lower rates of any grade ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and cycle cancellation versus GnRH agonists. (3) Final oocyte maturation triggering (n=4 statements): Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) represents the gold standard in fresh cycles. The efficacy of hCG triggering for frozen transfers in modified natural cycles is controversial compared with LH peak monitoring. Current evidence supports significantly higher pregnancy rates with hCG + GnRH agonist versus hCG alone, but further evidence is needed. GnRH agonist trigger, in GnRH antagonist protocol, is recommended for final oocyte maturation in women at risk of OHSS. (4) Luteal-phase support (n = 3 statements): Vaginal progesterone therapy represents the gold standard for luteal-phase support.ConclusionsThis Delphi consensus provides a real-world clinical perspective on the specific approaches during the key steps of ART treatment from a diverse group of international experts. Additional guidance from clinicians on ART strategies could complement guidelines and policies, and may help to further improve treatment outcomes.
The Value of Cranial CT Imaging in Patients With Headache at the Emergency Department
Authors: Lemmens Cynthia M. C. , van der Linden M. Christien , Jellema Korné 
Published: May 2021

Background: Headache is among the most prevalent complaints in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Clinicians are faced with the difficult task to differentiate primary (benign) from secondary headache disorders, since no international guidelines currently exist of clinical indicators for neuroimaging in headache patients.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 501 patients who presented at the ED with headache as a primary complaint between April 2018 and December 2018. Primary outcomes included the amount of diagnostic imaging, the different conclusions provided by diagnostic imaging, and the clinical factors associated with abnormal imaging results.Results: About half of the patients were diagnosed with a primary headache disorder. Cranial CT imaging at the ED was performed regularly (61% of the patients) and led to the diagnosis of underlying pathology in 1 in 7.6 patients. In a multivariate model, factors significantly associated with abnormal cranial CT results were age 50 years or older, presentation within 1 h after headache onset, clinical history of aphasia, and focal neurological deficit at examination.Conclusions: As separate clinical characteristics have limited value in detecting severe underlying headache disorders, cranial imaging is regularly performed in the ED. Clinical prediction model tools applied to headache patients may identify patients at risk of intracranial pathology prior to diagnostic imaging and reduce cranial imaging in the future.
Comparison of Posterior Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy Versus Lateral Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Adrenal Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Meng Chunyang , Du Chunxiao , Peng Lei , Li Jinze , Li Jinming , Li Yunxiang , Wu Ji 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo discuss the differences in the effectiveness and security for adrenal tumors by posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (PRA) and lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LTA).MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus database and Cochrane Library, and the date was from above database establishment to November 2020. Stata 16 was used for calculation and statistical analyses.ResultsNine studies involving eight hundred patients were included. The following differences were observed in favor of PRA vs LTA: less operative time (MD: −22.5; 95% CI −32.57 to −12.45; P=0.000), Fewer estimated blood loss (MD: −15.17; 95% CI −26.63 to −3.72; P=0.009), lower intensity of postoperative pain (MD: −0.56; 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.07; P=0.026), shorter length of hospital stay (MD: −1.15; 95% CI −1.94 to −0.36; P=0.04). No differences were shown in conversion rate (OR 2.07; 95%CI 0.71 to 6.03; P=0.181) and complications (OR 0.85;95% CI 0.46 to 1.56; P=0.597).ConclusionsPosterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy was clinically superior to lateral transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors in operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, and postoperative pain. Only in term of conversion rate and complications, both were similar
Radiomics Based on T2-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Images for Preoperative Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Chunli , Yin Jiandong 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics nomogram based on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) features for the preoperative prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in rectal cancer patients.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and sixty-two patients with rectal cancer confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent T2WI and DWI sequences. The data sets were divided into training (n = 97) and validation (n = 65) cohorts. For each case, a total of 2,752 radiomic features were extracted from T2WI, and ADC images derived from diffusion-weighted imaging. A two-sample t-test was used for prefiltering. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator method was used for feature selection. Three radiomics scores (rad-scores) (rad-score 1 for T2WI, rad-score 2 for ADC, and rad-score 3 for the combination of both) were calculated using the support vector machine classifier. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then used to construct a radiomics nomogram combining rad-score 3 and independent risk factors. The performances of three rad-scores and the nomogram were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical usefulness of the radiomics nomogram.ResultsThe AUCs of the rad-score 1 and rad-score 2 were 0.805, 0.749 and 0.828, 0.770 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The rad-score 3 achieved an AUC of 0.879 in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.822 in the validation cohort. The radiomics nomogram, incorporating the rad-score 3, age, and LN size, showed good discrimination with the AUC of 0.937 for the training cohort and 0.884 for the validation cohort. DCA confirmed that the radiomics nomogram had clinical utility.ConclusionsThe radiomics nomogram, incorporating rad-score based on features from the T2WI and ADC images, and clinical factors, has favorable predictive performance for preoperative prediction of LN metastasis in patients with rectal cancer.
Copy Number Variations of CEP63, FOSL2 and PAQR6 Serve as Novel Signatures for the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Cai Zhao , Chen Huang , Bai Jingqiao , Zheng Yang , Ma Jianhui , Cai Xiongwei , Liu Yu , Zhang Kaitai , Shou Jianzhong , Gao Yanning 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundFinding effective prognostic signatures is of great urgency due to the high risk of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer (BC). Although a lot of genetic alterations are involved in the carcinogenesis, none of them were referred in the current risk group stratifications. In this study, we aimed to find significant copy number variations (CNVs) to predict prognosis for BC patients.MethodsCNVs with high aberration frequencies in BC were explored by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in 65 tumor samples. Candidates were validated in independent groups of BC tumor samples (n=219) and urine samples (n=123). 3D digital PCR was applied for detecting accurate gene copy numbers in BC urine. In order to explore the prognostic value of candidate CNVs, all enrolled patients were followed up for the disease-free survival (DFS). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to find the independent prognostic factors for DFS.ResultsCNVs of CEP63, FOSL2 and PAQR6 with high aberration frequencies (67.7%, 56.9% and 60.0%, respectively) were found in BC tumors. Copy numbers of CEP63, FOSL2 and PAQR6 were gained in 219 tumor samples. CNVs of CEP63 and FOSL2 were correlated with advanced tumor stage and high grade. Retrospective analysis (median follow-up time: 69 months) revealed that CNVs of CEP63 and FOSL2 were independent prognostic factors for DFS of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, while CNVs of FOSL2 and PAQR6 were independent prognostic factors for DFS of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Models for predicting DFS were constructed based on CNVs of three genes. Patients with high prognostic indexes tended to have poor DFS. Prognostic index can also help to identify those with worse outcomes among high risk NMIBC patients. Copy number gains of CEP63 and FOSL2 in urine were found to be significantly correlated with poor DFS of NMIBC patients.ConclusionsCNVs of CEP63, FOSL2 and PAQR6 were capable of predicting DFS and may serve as promising signatures for prognosis of BC.
Toxicity Evaluation of the Naphthalen-2-yl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate: A Drug Candidate for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Anwar Fareeha , Saleem Uzma , Rehman Atta-Ur , Ahmad Bashir , Froeyen Matheus , Mirza Muhammad Usman , Kee Lee Yean , Abdullah Iskandar , Ahmad Sarfraz 
Published: May 2021

The presented study was designed to probe the toxicity potential of newly identified compound naphthalen-2-yl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (SF1). Acute, subacute toxicity and teratogenicity studies were performed as per Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) 425, 407, and 414 test guidelines, respectively. An oral dose of 2000 mg/kg to rats for acute toxicity. Furthermore, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses were administered once daily for 28 days in subacute toxicity study. Teratogenicity study was performed with 40 mg/kg due to its excellent anti-Alzheimer results at this dose. SF1 induced a significant rise in Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP), bilirubin, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocyte levels with a decrease in platelet count. Furthermore, the reduction in urea, uric acid, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and an increase in total protein levels were measured in subacute toxicity. SF1 increased spermatogenesis at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. Teratogenicity study depicted no resorptions, early abortions, cleft palate, spina bifida and any skeletal abnormalities in the fetuses. Oxidative stress markers (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were increased in all the experiments, whereas the effect on melanoaldehyde Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was variable. Histopathology further corroborated these results with no change in the architectures of selected organs. Consequently, a 2000 mg/kg dose of SF1 tends to induce minor liver dysfunction along with immunomodulation, and it is well below itsLD50. Moreover, it can be safely used in pregnancy owing to its no detectable teratogenicity.