bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration Mapping in Exploration: Application of Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Spectroscopy
Authors: THOMPSON ANNE J. B. , HAUFF PHOEBE L. , ROBITAILLE AUDREY J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Alteration mineral assemblages are important to the understanding of and exploration for hydrothermal ore deposits. Conventional mapping tools may not identify fine-grained minerals or define important compositional variations. Field portable short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrometers solve some of these problems and provide a valuable tool for evaluating the distribution of alteration assemblages. Spectrometers such as the PIMA-II allow rapid identification of minerals and mineral-specific variations at a field base. Mineral assemblages, integrated with other exploration data, are then used to target drill holes and guide regional exploration programs. Data collection must be systematically organized and carried out by a trained operator. Analysis of data sets requires the use of spectral reference libraries from different geological environments and may be aided in some cases by computer data processing packages. Integration of results with field observations, petrography, and X-ray diffraction analysis is necessary for complete evaluation. The PIMA (portable infrared mineral analyzer) has been used successfully in the high-sulfidation epithermal, low-sulfidation epithermal, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and intrusion-related environments. Case studies from these systems demonstrate the ability to rapidly acquire and process SWIR data and produce drill logs and maps. The resulting information is critical for targeting.
Apuntes para entender la violencia sexual contra los hombres en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: López Gómez Paulín Daniela 
Published: September 2021

En medio de la guerra, uno de los tipos de violencia más recurrentes es la sexual, por medio de la cual, se convierte el cuerpo en un campo de batalla, en un transmisor de la crueldad y en campo de dolor extremo. Sin embargo, hasta hoy, es muy poco lo que se sabe sobre esta violencia en contra de los hombres, en parte, por la falta de denuncia y por la creencia de que las únicas protagonistas en estos casos son las mujeres. Con base en lo anterior, este documento presenta un acercamiento a la violencia sexual contra los hombres en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano, trabajo que se llevó a cabo mediante la consulta de prensa, entrevistas con funcionarios públicos, trabajo de campo, análisis de fuentes secundarias, sentencias de paramilitares acogidos a Justicia y Paz y los informes de las denuncias y reportes de Derechos Humanos.

Remarks for Understanding Sexual Violence against Men within the Context of the Colombian Armed Conflict
Abstract: In the midst of war, one of the most recurrent types of violence is sexual, by means of which, the body becomes a battlefield, a transmitter of cruelty and a field of extreme pain. However, until now, very little is known about this violence against men, in part because of the lack of denunciation and the belief that sexual violence only happens against women. Based on the foregoing, this article presents an approach to sexual violence against men in the context of the Colombian armed conflict. This work was carried out through press consultation, interviews with public officials, field work, analysis of secondary sources, sentences of paramilitaries under Justice and Peace and consultation of complaints and reports on human rights reports.
Keywords: sexual violence, torture, feminization, homosexualization, hegemonic masculinity, excess,body.
Los Principios Ruggie y la debida diligencia en el derecho fundamental de Consulta Previa
Authors: Rodriguez Piedad Andrea , Gómez Daniela Alejandra , Caicedo Daniela 
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se aborda la relación entre empresa y Estado, que se encuentra ligada por la aplicación de los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas sobre las empresas y los derechos humanos «John Ruggie». Aunque estos principios no son fuente formal del derecho internacional, ya que son soft law, en su esencia, recopilan las bases para mitigar, prevenir y reparar las afectaciones a derechos humanos que causen las empresas en el desarrollo de actividades económicas a comunidades que se encuentren en un territorio específico. Debido a esto, cada vez más se ve su aplicación en políticas públicas por parte de los Estados y en planes de ejecución empresarial mediante la aplicación de la debida diligencia. Este concepto cobra mayor relevancia por ser una herramienta más de defensa de la Consulta Previa, y a su vez ser el puente de conexión entre la aplicación de los Principios Rectores y los efectos que conlleva generar una afectación a los derechos humanos.
Abstract: This article approach the relationship between business and the State is linked by the application of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Human Rights and Business «John Ruggie». Although these principles are not a formal source of international law since they are soft law, in essence, they gather the bases to mitigate, prevent and repair the human rights violations caused by companies in the development of economic activities to communities that are in a specific territory. Also, it is increasingly seen its application in public policies by the States and in business execution plans through the application of due diligence. This concept is more relevant because it is one more tool to defend the Prior Consultation; and at the same time, be the connecting bridge between the application of the Guiding Principles and the effects entailed in generating an impact on human rights.
De víctimas a pedagogas de la memoria: el caso de las llamadas Madres de Soacha
Authors: Gutiérrez Carlos Arturo 
Published: September 2021

En 2008, unos jóvenes desaparecieron de Soacha, un municipio aledaño a Bogotá. Meses después sus cuerpos aparecieron en el departamento de Norte de Santander, donde fueron presentados por el ejército colombiano como guerrilleros dados de baja en combate. La lucha que sus madres llevaron a cabo para esclarecer lo sucedido dio lugar a una organización defensora de derechos humanos conocida como las Madres de Soacha. Tras los hechos, otras mujeres, que no eran propiamente de Soacha y cuyos familiares fueron asesinados bajo la misma modalidad, pero en años y lugares diferentes, se articularon con ellas, tejieron vínculos con organizaciones defensoras de derechos humanos y actualmente adelantan una batalla contra el olvido. De esta manera han dado visibilidad a este acontecimiento que tenía un espacio de escucha limitado y que aún es negado por ciertos sectores.
Abstract: In 2008, a group of young men disappeared from Soacha, a commune adjoining to Bogotá. Months later, their bodies were found in Norte de Santander, where they were presented by Colombian army as guerrilla soldiers killed in combat. The battle that their mothers started to enlighten what happened resulted in a human rights defender organization known as Madres de Soacha. After those events, other women, which were not exactly from Soacha, and whose relatives were killed the same way, but in different years and places, weaved links with those women, and human rights defenders organizations. Nowadays, all these women are fighting against oblivion, giving visibility to facts that had a very limited listening space and are still denied by some sectors.
Keywords: falsos positivos, Mothers of Soacha, official memories, disturbing memories.
Retos del diálogo social intercultural: el caso del PDET Alto Patía y Norte del Cauca
Authors: Vergara Argüello Edilberto , Duque Duque Katerine 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo evidencia los retos del diálogo social intercultural en el proceso de implementación del Programa de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial (pdet), en la región Alto Patía y Norte del Cauca. Como primer elemento, se realiza un acercamiento conceptual sobre el diálogo social y la interculturalidad, teniendo en cuenta la experiencia del Instituto de Estudios Interculturales de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali. Seguido a lo anterior, se presenta un breve contexto de la región Alto Patía y Norte del Cauca, y se finaliza con la enumeración de retos políticos, institucionales, participativos y comunitarios del diálogo social intercultural en clave de implementación del PDET.
Abstract: This article demonstrates the challenges of intercultural social dialogue in the process of implementing the Territorial Approach Development Program –pdet- in the Alto Patía and Norte of Cauca region. As the first element, a conceptual approach to social dialogue and interculturality is carried out, taking into account the experience of the Institute of Intercultural Studies of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali. Following the above, a brief context of the Alto Patía and Norte of Cauca region is presented, and concludes, with the enumeration of political, institutional, participatory and community challenges of intercultural social dialogue in terms of implementation of the PDET.
Keywords: Social dialogue, peace, interculturality, rural development
Zonificación ambiental participativa: una oportunidad para la conservación de la naturaleza y su planificación en el posacuerdo
Authors: Borda León Sergio , Giraldo Vargas Jhon Alexander 
Published: September 2021

En el presente artículo se analizan los antecedentes de la zonificación ambiental participativa (ZAP), teniendo como principal pretensión aportar elementos conceptuales y metodológicos para una planeación incluyente. La ZAP es un instrumento definido en el marco de la construcción del plan de zonificación ambiental propuesto en el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera, concretamente en el punto 1. Hacia un nuevo campo colombiano: Reforma Rural Integral. Allí se presenta como una herramienta angular e innovadora que puede transformar los ejercicios de planificación ambiental, a partir de la participación efectiva de las comunidades locales, y contribuir a la construcción de apuestas territoriales para la identificación de las áreas de especial interés ambiental, el cierre de la frontera agropecuaria y la búsqueda de alternativas equilibradas para las comunidades locales en las zonas rurales.
Abstract: This article analyzes the background of Participatory Environmental Zoning (ZAP), with the main intention of providing conceptual and methodological elements for inclusive planning. The ZAP understood as an instrument defined in the framework of the construction of the environmental zoning plan proposed in the peace effort, in the first point called Integral Rural Reform, as an angular and innovative tool that could transform environmental planning exercises, based in the effective participation of local communities and contributing to the construction of territorial resources for the identification of areas of special environmental interest, the agricultural frontier and the search for balanced alternatives for local communities in rural areas.
Keywords: Land planning, zoning, areas of special environmental interest, agricultural frontier, environmental conservation.
Contrarrestando reclamos de democracia. El poder de las narrativas y la disputa por la jurisdicción en sectores extractivos en Colombia
Authors: Dietz Kristina 
Published: September 2021

El artículo está enfocado en el uso de narrativas para entender la manera como los reclamos de participación democrática en los conflictos por minería y extracción petrolera están siendo contrarrestados por actores del Estado y de las corporaciones. Teóricamente, el análisis está basado en una interpretación dialéctica entre narrativas y agencia, en la que las narrativas son entendidas como productos contingentes de interacción social. Se argumenta que para impedir la institucionalización de la participación democrática y evitar un cambio en las relaciones de poder en el sector minero y petrolero, se usa una combinación de diversas narrativas. Las narrativas principales son adaptadas a los reclamos de opositores, complementadas con nuevas historias en reacción a las condiciones cambiantes del contexto y combinadas para diferentes contextos, escenarios y públicos. Empíricamente, el estudio se enfoca en las disputas en torno a consultas populares por minería, fracking (fracturación hidráulica) y explotación de petróleo en Colombia. Los datos de análisis consisten en entrevistas semiestructuradas; transcripciones de dos audiencias públicas transmitidas en directo, una en el Senado de la República y otra en la Corte Constitucional; y varios artículos de dos de los principales periódicos colombianos: El Tiempo y El Espectador. El periodo investigado cubre desde junio de 2013 hasta noviembre de 2018.
Counteracting Claims for Democracy. The Power of Narratives and the Dispute over Jurisdiction in Extractive Sectors in Colombia
Abstract: The article focuses on the use of narratives to understand how demands for democratic participation in mining an oil extraction conflicts are being countered by state and corporations. Theoretically, the analysis is based on a dialectical interpretation about narratives and agency, in which narratives are understood as contingent products of social interaction. It is argued that to prevent the institutionalization of democratic participation and prevent a change in power relations in the mining and oil sector, a combination of diverse narratives is used. The main narratives are adapted to the claims of opponents, complemented by new stories in reaction to the changing conditions of the context and combined for different contexts, scenarios and audiences. Empirically, the study focuses on disputes over popular consultations about mining, fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and oil exploitation in Colombia. The data analyzed came from semi-structured interviews, from transcripts of two public hearings transmitted live, one in the Senate of the Republic and one in the Constitutional Court, and from several articles from two of the main Colombian newspapers: El Tiempo and El Espectador. The period under investigation covers from June of 2013 to November of 2018.
Keywords: popular consultations, resource extraction, narratives, jurisdiction, democracy, Colombia
Nanosilver in Biomedicine: Advantages and Restrictions
Authors: V. Morozova Olga , V. Klinov Dmitry 
Published: September 2021

Nanosilver (in a range 1–100 nm) binds with thyol-, amino- and carboxy-groups of aminoacid residues of proteins and nucleic acids, thus providing inactivation of pathogenic multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Besides antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-cancer properties Ag-based nanomaterials possess anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis and antiplatelet features. Drug efficacy depends on their stability, toxicity and host immune response. Citrate coated Ag nanoparticles (NPs) remain stable colloid solutions in deionized water but not in the presence of ions due to replacement of Ag+ by electrolyte ions, potential formation of insoluble AgCl, subsequent catalyzed oxidative corrosion of Ag and further dissolution of surface layer of Ag2O. Protein shells protect core of AgNPs from oxidation, dissolution, aggregation and provide specific interactions with ligands. These nanoconjugates can be used for immunoassays and diagnostics but the sensitivity threshold does not exceed 10 pg Cytotoxicity of AgNPs conjugated with proteins is associated with the rate of intracellular Ag+ release, a ‘Trojan horse’ effect, and exceeds one of Ag+ because of endocytosis uptake of NPs but not ions. Relatively toxic nanosilver causes immunosuppression of the majority of cytokines with a few exceptions (IL-1β, G-CSF, MCP-1) whereas AgNO3 additionally activate TNFα and IL8 gene expression.
Administração de materiais e ressuprimento: proposição de plano para uma distribuidora de materiais odonto-médico-hospitalares
Authors: Brito Anderson Dias , Cruz Bruno de Souza , Santana Matheus Almeida Piau , Andrade Jucimar Casimiro de 
Published: September 2021

A maior velocidade em satisfazer as necessidades e desejos dos consumidores fazem com que um bom gerenciamento de estoques seja essencial para alcançar vantagem competitiva. A gestão de materiais é importante para a boa performance organizacional, pois permite a utilização mais eficiente dos recursos cada vez mais escassos. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar e propor um plano de gerenciamento de estoques em uma empresa de fornecimento de materiais odonto-médico-hospitalares na cidade de Vitória da Conquista/BA. Foi realizado um levantamento dos produtos adquiridos e custos administrativos/operacionais, entre junho de 2020 e dezembro de 2020. Ainda assim, houve a realização de entrevista semi estruturada com o gestor. Como resultado, foi constatado que a empresa realizava a gestão dos estoques com base no senso comum e houve compras equivocadas, falta e excesso de materiais. Produtos odonto-médico-hospitalares possuem alto custo de aquisição e manutenção. Estoques elevados como forma de diminuir o risco de falta de materiais foi nocivo para a organização. A principal contribuição deste estudo é voltada para a área gerencial com implicações práticas, a partir da aplicação de ferramentas de gestão de estoque como estoque mínimo, estoque máximo, lote econômico de compra, ponto de pedido e curva ABC. Tais ferramentas auxiliam na minimização de riscos operacionais.
Cidades inteligentes como proposta de desenvolvimento local: uma análise conceitual para a cidade de Campina Grande/PB
Authors: Silva Antonio Fagundes Gomes da , Leite Ane Caroline Rodrigues , Araújo Helena Maria da Conceição de , Rodrigues Renato de Bozzano , Rodrigues Thayse Machado , Silva Raiff dos Santos 
Published: September 2021

do espaço urbano, é o modelo de Cidades Inteligentes - SmartCities. Estas visam o uso racional dos recursos naturais utilizando, da melhor forma possível, as inovações tecnológicas. Dessa forma, esse estudo objetiva analisar conceitualmente o crescimento e desenvolvimento urbano, abordando o planejamento urbano e a organização espacial, assim como, a proposta de inserção de Smart City, na Cidade de Campina Grande, PB. O método utilizado no estudo, baseia-se em pesquisas bibliográficas, de autores conceituados, como também, respalda-se em informações coletadas em meios midiáticos (jornais e sites locais). Destaca-se que Campina Grande é um dos espaços urbanos que sedia um protótipo da Cidade Inteligente, tendo sido escolhida por deter potencial no âmbito tecnológico e na economia regional. Contudo, para se alcançar os pilares do desenvolvimento sustentável local e para se ter êxito na aplicação da Smart City, é necessário a obtenção de uma Gestão urbana eficaz, englobando diversos aspectos de conjuntura política, social, econômica e ambiental.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia among Adolescent Girls in Selected Schools
Authors: Kawale A. , Taksande V. 
Published: September 2021

To assess the prevalence and risk factors which contribute to anemia among adolescent girls in selected
Introduction: ‘Anemia is a disease in which, because of one or more vital nutrient deficiencies, the blood hemoglobin content is lower than average, irrespective of the cause of such deficiency. In Maharashtra, according to District Level Household Survey (DLHS) 2002-2006, the prevalence of moderate anemia in adolescent girls was estimated to be 53%, whereas severe anemia was 29%.
Aims: To assess the Prevalence and risk factors which contribute to anemia among adolescent girls in selected Schools.
Research Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried in 150 adolescent girls age between 10 to 15 years. Quantitative research approach was used. Non-probability convenience sample technique was used.
Results: The data obtained to describe the sample characteristics including demographic variables (age of adolescent girls, education, mother education, type of family, monthly family income and type of diet), prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls, menstrual factors and dietary factors. The levels of anemia were seen into 4 categories, normal Hb% level, mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia. In demographic variables, Type of family of adolescent girls (p=0.04) is statistically associated with prevalence of anemia. In menstrual factors, duration of blood flow is found to be statistically associated with menstrual factors of adolescent girls (p=0.0001). In dietary factors, it is interpreted dietary factors of adolescent girls is statistically not associated with their prevalence of anemia.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia is more in adolescent girls. A statistically significant was found between nuclear family but not with the other socio-demographic factors. No association was found between status of menstrual factors except duration of blood flow.
Lung Delivery Systems to Optimize Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: A Concise Review
Authors: Alrashedi Mohsen Geza. , Alrashedi Ahmed Geza. , Ali Ahmed Shaker. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. 
Published: September 2021

Background: COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus. Several drugs were repurposed for its management; however, most of these drugs were not ideal treatments by traditional methods of administration, whether given by injection or orally. This is due to many reasons including pharmacokinetic limitations or drug-induced adverse effects. There is an urgent need to develop these drugs to target the virus in the lung tissue through inhalation.
Objective: To address the gap in knowledge regarding efficacy and safety of pulmonary drug delivery of repurposed antiviral against COVID-19.
Findings: Ongoing trials for inhalable formulations of several drugs such as Niclosamide; Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin among others showed promising results.
Conclusion: The development of pharmaceutical forms for inhaled administration of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs is an important direction that needs more attention to achieve the optimal management of respiratory infectious diseases.
Chemometric Access for RP-HPLC Simultaneous Estimation of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine Applying Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Jayaseelan S. , Kannappan N. , Ganesan V. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: A RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine applying statistical experimental design.
Methodology: Multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of RP-HPLC method was using Design of experiments. Independent three factors like phosphate buffer pH, mobile phase composition and flow rate were applied to design mathematical models. To study the response surface methodology by using Central composite design (CCD). In depth the effects of these independent factors was studied using CCD. Simultaneously optimize the retention time and resolution of the analytes was applying Desirability function.
Results: The predicted and optimized data from contour picture containing phosphate buffer (pH 3.4) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 40:60%v/v respectively. Flow rate was found to be 0.8 ml/min. Baseline separation of both analytes with run time of less than 10.0 min and good resolution were achieved using these optimum conditions.
Conclusion: Method was validated according to ICH guidelines by using optimized assay conditions. Therefore, the reports distinctly indicated that Quality by design access could be satisfactorily used to optimize RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Tadalafil and Dapoxetine.