bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity of Viscoelastics on Cultured Corneal Epithelial Cells Measured by Plasminogen Activator Release
Authors: Lindquist Thomas D , Edenfield Michael 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator has been shown to be released by epithelial cells following corneal injury. The demonstration of the release of plasminogen activator from cultured corneal epithelial cells has been used for developing a cytotoxicity test, the Corneal Epithelial Plasminogen Activator test, which compares changes in the level of plasminogen activator in tissue culture media following chemical exposure as an index of chemical injury.
METHODS: Cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells were exposed to varying concentrations of several viscoelastics for 1 hour. Release of plasminogen activator into the tissue culture media following exposure to the viscoelastic agent was studied as an index of chemical injury.
RESULTS: The least cytotoxicity to cultured rabbit epithelium was associated with those viscoelastic agents containing methylcellulose. A 1-hour exposure to most concentrations of methylcellulose and chondroitin sulfate (Phacote) and methylcellulose (Occucoat) demonstrated release of greater amounts of plasminogen activator than was seen following a similar exposure to balanced salt solution, suggesting the greatest protective effect of these two viscoelastics. In contrast, sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate (Viscoat) showed decreased amounts of plasminogen activator release after a 1-hour exposure to cultured corneal epithelial cells demonstrating cytotoxicity. Polyacrylamide (Orcolon) and most diluted preparations of sodium hyaluronate (Healon and Healon Yellow) showed only mild reductions in the release of plasminogen activator, whereas undiluted sodium hyaluronate preparations were nearly as cytotoxic as Viscoat.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that viscoelastic agents containing methylcellulose (Phacote and Occucoat) may be most protective of the corneal epithelium during ophthalmic surgery. The clinical success of several dilute viscoelastic solutions as tear substitutes was corroborated by the lack of cytotoxicity seen in this study. Viscoat and undiluted sodium hyaluronate preparations showed the greatest cytotoxicity to cultured rabbit corneal epithelium. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:95-102.]
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: Le dégagement de plasminogène-proactivateur de l'epithélium corneen après une blessure a été démontré. Le dégagement de plasminogène-proactivateur des cellules de l'epithélium corneen en culture fut utilisé afin de développer une étude de la cytotoxicité (The Corneal Epithelial Plasminogen Activator Test). Cette étude sert à comparer les changements dans la concentration de plasminogène-proactivateur dans le milieu de culture après un contact chimique comme indice de la cytotoxicité.
MÉTHODES: Des cellules en culture d'épithélium corneen de lapin furent exposées à des concentrations variables de plusieurs agents visco-élastiques pendant une heure. Le dégagement de plasminogène-proactivateur dans Ie milieu de culture après exposition aux agents visco-élastiques fut étudié comme indice de la cytotoxicité.
Retreatment of Undercorrected Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Lawless Michael A , Cohen Peter R , Rogers Christopher M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Fourteen eyes treated by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia required retreatment because of undercorrection. The mean preoperative refraction of these eyes had been -9.82 D (range 5.25 to 17.13). No eyes before photorefractive keratectomy had low myopia, three eyes had myopia between -3.10 and -6.00 D, four were between -6.10 and -10.00 D, and seven had more than -10.00 D of myopia.
Retreatment was required for manifest scars in association with regression, unresponsive to topical corticosteroids. The retreatments were performed using a Summit ExciMed UV200LA excimer laser with a dual ablation technique utilizing a phototherapeutic keratectomy followed by a photorefractive keratectomy. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 9 months. Eight eyes followed more than 3 months had a mean spherical equivalent refraction of -0.58 D (range -7.35 to +1.25). [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S174-S177.]
Short-Term Corneal Endothelial Changes after Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Perez-Santonja Juan J , Meza Jenny , Moreno Eva , Garcia-Hernandez Maria R , Zato Miguel A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Clinical results show that photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) offers good predictability, efficacy, and safety. However, its potential risks on the human corneal endothelium are poorly known. We report the results of a prospective study conducted to evaluate the corneal endothelium changes after photorefractive keratectomy.
Preoperative and serial postoperative specular microscopy was performed in 14 eyes undergoing excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. The endothelium was analyzed for a variety of parameters, including cell density, coefficient of variation in cell size, and hexagonality. The follow-up was 6 months.

The mean cell density was unchanged from 2463 cells/mm
p 2
to 2498 cells/mm
p 2
at 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy. The coefficient of variation of cell size (polymegathism) changed from 0.303 to 0.280 at 1 month, to 0.293 at 3 months, and to 0.290 at 6 months after surgery. The changes in this parameter were statistically significant when comparing pre- versus 1 month postoperative values. The hexagonality was unchanged from 72.08% at baseline to 73.35% at 6 months.

No endothelial abnormalities were found after photorefractive keratectomy. Our results suggest a cell migration from the peripheral to central cornea after photorefractive keratectomy in contact lens wearing patients prior to photorefractive keratectomy. [J Refract Corneal Surg 1994;10:S194-S198.]
Measurement of Corneal Thickness by Ultrasound After Photorefractive Keratectomy in High Myopia
Authors: Sabetti Lelio , Spadea Liopoldo , Furcese Nicola , Balestrazzi Emillo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) has been used to treat myopia in human eyes since 1988.
METHODS: We evaluated corneal ablation depth after excimer laser myopic photorefractive keratectomy with the Summit Technology ExciMed UV200LA laser. Preoperative refraction was: mean 9.58 diopters (D) +/- 2.01, (range 6 to 17), We used ultrasound pachometry (1640 m/sec) in 40 eyes of 33 patients. Mean follow-up was of 49.5 weeks (range 16 to 76).
RESULTS: The measurement of the corneal thickness showed a reduction of the initial thickness followed by an inconsistent increase caused by wound healing and tissue proliferation.
CONCLUSION: The data showed no direct correlation between diopters of refractive correction and the change in corneal thickness. [e7 Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S211-S216.]
The Treatment of Pain Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Cherry Paul M H , Tutton Miles K , Adhikary Hari , Banerjee Dipak , Garston Bernard , Hayward J Michael , Ramsell Terry , Tolia Jitendra , Chipman Mary L , Bell Andrew , Neave Christopher , Fichte Claus 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The most effective management of the pain that follows excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) appears to be the use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. A bandage contact lens for 2 days after photorefractive keratectomy is additive to pain relief. The helpfulness of patching was not confirmed. Surprisingly, drops of local anesthetic were not an efficacious means of managing the pain. This was possibly because they were not used frequently enough. The findings showed trends, but were not statistically significant. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S222-S225.1
Cooling the Cornea to Prevent Side Effects of Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Niizuma Takuya , Ito Seiji , Hayashi Masayasu , Futemma Minoru , Utsumi Toru , Ohashi Kohji 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Complaints after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) include both severe pain and a decrease in quality of vision due to corneal subepithelial haze.
We suspect that one of the causes of these troubles is a temperature rise at the corneal surface during ablation. We cooled down the eye with cold balanced salt solution before and after photorefractive keratectomy. Postoperatively, this reduced severe pain, subepithelial corneal haze and any damage to the corneal endothelium. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S262-S266.]
Scraping of Epithelium for Treatment of Undercorrection and Haze After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Lipshitz lsaak , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report an easy, safe technique to treat regression and haze after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), in which the hyperplastic epithelium is removed manually. The results of scraping of epithelium in 21 eyes of 20 patients are presented. Mean follow-up time was 3 months (range 1 to 7). The mean spherical equivalent refraction before photorefractive keratectomy was -9.93 + /- 2.95 diopters (D); the mean spherical equivalent refraction before epithelial scraping was -3.82 +/2.87 D; after scraping it declined to -2.63 +/- 4.04 D.
The uncorrected visual acuity after scraping was 20/50 or better in 6 eyes. In 5 others it was between 20/60 and 20/100, and in 10 eyes it was worse than 20/100. The corrected visual acuity after scraping was 20/30 or better in 8 eyes, between 20/40 and 20/60 in 8 eyes, and between 20/60 and 20/100 in 5 eyes. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994; 10:S274-S276.]
Discrimination Between the Origins and Functional Implications of Haze and Halo at Night After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: O'Brart David P S , Lohmann Chris P , Fitzke Fred W , KIonos Gregory , Corbett Melanie C , Kerr-Muir Malcolm G , Marshall John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A series of 84 eyes with up to -6.00 diopters (D) of myopia were treated by photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using a 5.00 mm ablation zone. Three months postoperatively, 43 eyes (51%) complained of disturbed night vision, compared to 12 (14%) preoperatively. Ten (12%) had significant problems, ie, interference with driving at night. At 12 months, there were 32 patients (38%) with minor disturbances of night vision, 4 (5%) with significant problems. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S281.]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy in the Treatment of Corneal Scarring From Trachoma
Authors: Goldstein Michaela , Loewenstein Anat , Rosner Mordechai , Lipshitz Isaak , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Trachoma is still one of the world's major blinding diseases. Characteristically, trachoma causes deep scarring of the conjunctiva and tarsus that can result in tear deficiency, trichiasis, and entropion. Another common finding is a diffused corneal opacity that is the end stage of peripheral and central corneal infiltrates. The conventional treatment of the corneal opacities is keratoplasty, which has a guarded prognosis because of severe dryness and trichiasis. We report on our experience in treating patients with corneal trachoma with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) with the excimer laser. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:S290-S292.]
Effect of Nitrogen Flow on Recovery of Vision After Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy Without Nitrogen Flow
Authors: Maguen Ezra , Nesburn Anthony B , Papaioannou Thanassis , Salz James J , Macy Jonathan I , Warren Cathy 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Excimer laser (VISX) photorefractive keratectomy was performed using nitrogen flowing through the ocular fixation ring. It was felt that eliminating nitrogen flow may provide faster early visual rehabilitation.

METHODS: Two groups of 50 consecutive eyes underwent photorefractive keratectomy with (N
2
flow) and without (no N
2
flow) nitrogen flow, and were evaluated at 1 month postoperatively.

RESULTS: There were more under- or overcorrections exceeding 1.00 diopter (D) in the N
2
flow than in the no N
2
flow groups. Eighteen eyes in the N
2
flow and 11 in no N
2
flow groups saw 20/50 or less, without correction. Fourteen eyes in the N
2
flow and nine eyes in the no N
2
flow groups lost two or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Four eyes in the N
2
flow and none in the no N
2
flow groups increased more than 1.00 D of astigmatism.

CONCLUSION: The elimination of nitrogen flow in photorefractive keratectomy performed with the VISX laser appears to improve visual results in the early postoperative period. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:321-326.]
RÉSUMÉ
INTRODUCTION: La kératectomie photo-refractive au laser excimer (VISX) fut réalisée avec et sans la projection de nitrogène par l'anneau de fixation de l'oeil a fin de préciser l'effet du nitrogène sur le début de la récupération visuelle.
MÉTHODES: Deux groupes de 50 yeux consécutifs suites ont subi la kératectomie photo-réfractive avec et sans la projection de nitrogène, et ont été évalués un mois après la chirurgie.
RÉSULTATS: On a constaté plus d'yeux sur- et sous-corrigés d'au moins 1,0 dioptrie dans le groupe traité avec le coulement du nitrogène que dans l'autre groupe. Dix-huit yeux traités avec nitrogène et 11 yeux traités sans nitrogène ont di montre une acuité visuelle égale à ou inférieure à 20/50. Quatorze yeux traités avec nitrogène et 9 yeux traités sans nitrogène ont perdu au moins deux lignes de meilleure acuité corrigée sur l'échelle de Snellen. Quatre yeux dans le groupe traité avec le nitrogène et aucun dex yeux dans l'autre groupe ont éprouvé une augmentation de l'astigmatisme d'au moins, 1,0 dioptrie.
CONCLUSION: L'élimination du coulement du nitrogène dans la kératectomie photorefractive au laser excimer de VISX pourrait améliorer les résultats visuels dans le début de la période postopératoire. (Translated by Rob Mack, MD, Iowa City, Iowa.)
SOMMARIO
PREMESSA: La cheratectomia fotore fratti va (PRK) mediante laser ad Eccimeri (VISX) e' stata effettuata utilizzando un flusso di nitrogeno attraverso l'anello di fissazione oculare. Si riteneva che eliminando tale flusso di nitrogeno si potesse ottenere un recupero funzionale piu' rapido.
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Treatment of Keratoconus
Authors: Mortensen Jes , Öhrström Arne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Five eyes with keratoconus that were scheduled for penetrating keratoplasty were treated instead with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to reduce the steepness of the cone. The follow up after 6 to 12 months is reported here.
METHODS: A 193-nanometer excimer laser system VISX 20/20 was used for correction of myopia or astigmatism. The patients had a complete ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp microscopy and videokeratography. The patients were followed with six examinations during a period of at least 6 months.
RESULTS: In four eyes, a reduction of the astigmatism was achieved with an increase of visual acuity. There were no problems with wound healing or any signs that the excimer adversely affected the cornea or activated the keratoconus disease process.
CONCLUSION: The treatment of keratoconus with excimer laser has been regarded as seriously contraindicated on a speculative basis. This risk seems to be exaggerated. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:368-372.]
Radial Keratotomy and Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for the Correction of Myopia
Authors: Binder Perry S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTPURPOSE: To compare our current knowledge of the two most common current refractive surgical procedures for the correction of myopia.METHODS: I reviewed the scientific literature and my personal experience with radial keratotomy and excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to compare these two modalities.RESULTS: Both radial keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy are capable of permanently correcting myopic refractive errors. However, each procedure has its individual advantages and disadvantages, with the greatest concern currently being the effect of wound healing on refractive outcome. The procedures are not mutually exclusive.CONCLUSIONS: Both radial keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy will be used to surgically correct myopia for the next several years until newer technology is developed to improve the predictability and stability of refractive results currently achieved with each procedure. [J Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:443-464.]
Presumed Epithelial Cyst in the Anterior Chamber Following Refractive Keratotomy
Authors: Zamora Rene L , Goldberg Marc A , Pepose Jay S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A free floating cyst in the anterior chamber was observed 10 days after a 35-yearold woman underwent an eight-incision radial keratotomy and two-incision transverse keratotomy of the left eye.
METHODS: A single self-sealing microperforation had occurred on the inferotemporal incision during the initial surgery, which used a two direction incision technique.
RESULTS: A free floating cystic structure was first noted by the surgeon 10 days after surgery, when the patient returned for repeated surgery for residual myopia. After 18 months, there was little change in the size or appearance of the cyst. The patient, who was informed of the complication, remained asymptomatic with uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 + 2 bilaterally. Because of the lack of growth of the cyst, continued observation was chosen instead of surgical removal. The cause of the cyst is unknown.
CONCLUSION: A free floating cyst in the anterior chamber may occur after refractive keratotomy. [Refract Corneal Surg. 1994;10:xx-xx.]
Photorefractive Keratectomy in Ophthalmic Residents
Authors: Moilanen Jukka A O , Vesaluoma Minna H , Vesti Eija T , Vaajoensuu Timo P J , Partinen Markku M , Tervo Timo M T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To find out how ophthalmologists themselves experience the correction of myopia after photorefractive keratectomy. Visuomotor functions were of special interest.
METHODS: Four ophthalmology residents and one medical engineer underwent photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. Objective measurements including refraction, corneal topography, perimetry, contrast sensitivity, pattern visual evoked potentials, in vivo confocal microscopy, and a car driving simulator test were performed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 6 months. Subjective evaluation was reported.
RESULTS Performing upmnaimoiogicai examinations and microsurgery without spectacles was easier postoperatively and was appreciated by the four ophthalmology residents. Minimal haze formation, good accuracy, and normal performance in the car driving simulator were also observed. Visual fields, contrast sensitivity, and pattern visual evoked potentials did not show changes. Negative observations included postoperative pain for 2 to 4 days, dry eye symptoms, a period of anisometropia between operations, and hypersensitivity of the lids.
CONCLUSIONS: The four ophthalmic residents were satisfied with the outcome of their refractive surgery. Low to moderate myopic correction did not affect the objective measurements of high and low contrast sensitivity, pattern visual evoked potentials, or simulated car driving in dark illumination. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:731-738]
Transfixion of Foldable Intraocular Lens With Polytetrafluoroethylene Suture for Scleral Fixation
Authors: Pineda-Fernández Angel , Chen Yan , Rodriguez Leonidas 
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE:
To describe a new scleral fixation technique potentially usable for every acrylic foldable intraocular lens (IOL) available in the market, regardless of whether it is a three-piece, single-piece, or haptic shape.

METHODS:
Before surgery, the authors performed the transfixion of the IOL optic in four points with the polytetrafluoroethylene suture under a surgical microscope. Four sclerotomy sites were marked 2 mm from the limbus, and two scleral grooves were created in between. The IOL was introduced into the posterior chamber. The four ends of the needleless polytetrafluoroethylene sutures were externalized through the sclerotomies, tightened for optimum IOL centration, and tied. The exposed sutures were placed within the scleral grooves, and the knots were buried within the sclerotomies. This technique was performed uneventfully in 7 cases.

RESULTS:
The foldable IOL was stable in all eyes 6 months after surgery, with no signs of IOL subluxation, dislocation, tilt, or suture-related complications, such as erosion or infection.

CONCLUSIONS:
The transfixion of the foldable posterior chamber IOL for stable four-point scleral fixation using a polytetrafluoroethylene suture provides excellent stability and prevents IOL tilt and decentration. This technique can immensely benefit patients requiring secondary foldable posterior chamber IOL implantation in the absence of capsular support.

[
J Refract Surg.
2021;37(3):180–185.)
Surgical Management of Traumatic Incision Dehiscence Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Boutros George , Insler Michael S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Three patients sustained a traumatic incision rupture of their cornea transplant; six weeks, four months, and seven months postoperatively. The cases included a phakic, aphakic, and Pseudophakie keratoplasty; all did well with clear grafts following primary suture repair. Our report confirms the preferred management of such cases with primary resuturing.
The Lid Crease Approach to the Superomedial Orbit
Authors: Wolfley Darrell E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The lid crease incision of the upper lid allows direct exposure of the orbital septum and levator aponeurosis and can be used to dissect dermoid tumors or any tumor of the middle orbit space from the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis and the tendon of the superior oblique muscle. One advantage of the lid crease incision is its location in the normal eyelid crease, which provides a "front door" approach familiar to the ophthalmic surgeon. Also, the distensibility of the eyelid skin allows for marked retraction of tissues and exposure of large orbital masses well beyond the medial extent of the incision. In addition, the Ud crease incision offers significant advantages in completing the dissection of the poorly-defined plane between dermoid tumors and the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis. Finally, with this approach, if there is direct damage to the lid structures, primary repair can be easily accomplished.
Surgical Revision of Oriental Eyelids
Authors: Doxanas Marcos T , Serra Fabrice 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A modified upper eyelid blepharoplasty to convert oriental to occidental-appearing eyelids is presented. The primary goal of the procedure is the creation of an eyelid crease. The recognition of the distinct anatomic features of the oriental eyelid permits the formation of a predictable and permanent eyelid crease. Satisfactory cosmetic results were produced in 14 eyelids. No complications were encountered.
Record Form for Eye Examination Under Anesthesia
Authors: Jabbour Nabil M , Hirose Tatsuo , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We designed a record sheet for eye examination under anesthesia, which is often required in children or babies with suspected ocular pathology and in adults with severe mental retardation. The form is both complete and concise, allows for schematic illustrations, and has proven very helpful in more than 200 examinations performed over the past year.
The Management of the Ptosis Patient: Part I
Authors: Leone Charles R , Shore John W 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The various types of congenital and acquired ptosis are discussed as well as the findings on history and examination. From this information the appropriate operation can be chosen. Emphasis is placed on obtaining accurate and reproducible measurements in addition to assessing visual acuity, extraocular muscle movement. Bell's phenomenon, and tear secretion, especially in older patients. The operations described are the tarsal-Muller's muscle resection, levator aponeurosis advancement, levator resection, and frontalis suspension. Since the aim in ptosis surgery is symmetry in the primary position, overcorrections and undercorrections must occasionally be dealt with to achieve a satisfactory result.