bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equality of rights and obligations as the main element of the concept of the principle of equality of convicted persons before the law in the criminal-executive law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ковалев Николай Сергеевич 
Published: September 2021

Объектом представленного в статье исследования являются общественные правоотношения в области уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, которые заключаются в реализации равных прав и обязанностей, а также в их защите государством. Предметом выступают нормы уголовно-исполнительного права, регламентирующие взаимоотношения субъектов правоотношений по поводу исполнения и отбывания всех видов уголовных наказаний, одним из которых выступает осужденный в качестве лица со специальным правовым статусом. В качестве методологической основы познания в работе были использованы общенаучные методы - анализ, сравнение, дедукция, индукция, и частнонаучные - формально-юридический и метод анализа. Принцип равенства осужденных перед законом предусматривает равные права и обязанности осужденных в уголовно-исполнительным праве, а также единую возможность для реализации этих права и исполнения возложенных законом обязанностей. При этом гарантии их соблюдения, а равно и защита, устанавливаются государством.
The object of this study is public relations in the field of criminal-executive legislation, which consist in the implementation of equal rights and duties, as well as in their protection by the state, which is one of the most pressing issues. The subject of the research is the norms of criminal-executive law governing the relationship between the subjects of legal relations regarding the execution and serving of all types of criminal penalties, which the convicted person, on the one hand, acts as a person with special legal status. As a methodological basis of knowledge, general scientific methods were used in the work: analysis, comparison, deduction, induction and private science: formal-legal and method of analysis. The principle of equality of convicted persons before the law provides for equal rights and obligations of convicted persons in criminal-executive law, as well as a single opportunity for the exercise of these rights and the fulfillment of obligations imposed by law. At the same time, guarantees of their observance, as well as protection, are established by the state.
Prison stress in women and its negative impact in the process of correcting
Authors: Минстер Марина Владиславовна 
Published: September 2021

В статье рассматриваются причины и факторы, способствующие возникновению пенитенциарного стресса у осужденных к лишению свободы женщин. Стресс как субъективная реакция психики на изоляцию от общества больше связан с воздействием пенитенциарной среды и способствует развитию деструктивных проявлений у женщин, что негативно влияет на исправительное воздействие и часто проявляется на стадии адаптации и перед освобождением. В гендерном аспекте результаты исследования показали, что осужденные к лишению свободы мужчины проявляют устойчивость к стрессорным воздействиям при высоком уровне стресса, депрессивные состояния среди них в несколько раз меньше, чем у женщин. Пенитенциарный стресс у женщин является более контрастным, так как уровень психоэмоциональных переживаний выше и требуется значительно больше времени для восстановления, чем мужчинам. Исследуется практика применения индивидуальных и групповых психокоррекционных методик, осуществляемых в процессе исполнения наказания, которые создают условия для самоисправления женщины. Оптимизация исправительного воздействия возможна при условии включения осужденных женщин в воспитательно-ресоциализационные и социально-реабилитационные программы с учетом психофизиологических особенностей и анализа психодинамики их активности, с использованием дополнительного положительного влияния близких родственников и общественности на разных этапах отбывания наказания.
The article discusses the causes and factors contributing to stress in prison of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty of women. Stress as a subjective reaction of the psyche to isolation from society is more related to the impact of the prison environment and contributes to the development of destructive manifestations in women, which negatively affects the corrective effect and often manifests itself at the stage of adaptation and before release. In the gender aspect, the results of the study showed that men sentenced to imprisonment show resistance to stress at a high level of stress, depression among them several times less, unlike women. Penitentiary stress in women is more contrast, because the level of psycho-emotional experiences is higher and it takes much more time to recover than men. The author of the article studies the practice of applying individual and group psychocorrection techniques carried out in the process of execution of punishment, which create conditions for self-correction of women. Optimization of treatment possible, subject to the inclusion of women offenders in a correctional reintegration and social rehabilitation programme taking into account psycho-physiological characteristics and analysis of the psychodynamics of activity, using the influence of relatives and the public at various stages of punishment.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MENARIK MINAT NASABAH UNTUK MENGAJUKAN PINJAMAN DANA PADA PT.BPR PARO DANA
Authors: Nur Shaffitri Hudodo  , Roni Mohamad  
Published: September 2021

Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Gorontalo sebagai salah satu bank syariah di Provinsi Gorontalo terus berupaya dalam meningkatkan strategi pemasarankepada nasabah dalam rangka pencapaian target perusahaan salah satunya dengan meningkatkan kuantitas mitra untuk produk pembiayaan BSM Implan. Dari segi pemilihan jenis serta mekanisme pembiayaan, BSM Implan sebenarnya sudah cukup menarik karena produk pembiayaan ini tidak dapat ditemukan di bank syariah lain. Hal ini mencakup pada teknik dan kualitas promosi dari marketing Implan itu sendiri.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah promosi dapat mempengaruhi minat nasabah mengajukan pembiayaan Implan di Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Gorontalo.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dilengkapi Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah nasabah BSM Implan yang sedang melakukan angsuran pada periode 2018.Dan yang menjadi sampel adalah sebanyak 70 nasabah yang diperoleh dari populasi nasabah angsuran BSM Implan 2018.Adapun metode pengumpulan data adalah metode angket.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi berganda. Dan mempunyai taraf signifikan sebesar 0,05. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan observasi, pengisian form kuwsioner, dan dokumentasi dalam memperoleh data sesuai dengan masalah yang akan diteliti.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengujian antara variabel promosi terhadapminat pada pembiayaan Implan menunjukkan bahwa variabel promosiberpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat pembiayaan BSM Implan di Bank Syariah Mandiri cabang Gorontalo.
Wave-Forced Dynamics at Microtidal River Mouths
Authors: Brocchini Maurizio , Postacchini Matteo , Melito Lorenzo , Perugini Eleonora , J. Manning Andrew , P. Smith Joseph , Calantoni Joseph 
Published: September 2021

Microtidal river mouths are dynamic environments that evolve as a consequence of many forcing actions. Under the hydrodynamic viewpoint, river currents, sea waves and tides strongly interact, and their interplay determines specific sediment transport and morphological patterns. Beyond literature evidence, information comes from field observations made at the Misa River study site, a microtidal river along the Adriatic Sea (Italy), object of a long-going monitoring. The river runs for 48 km in a watershed of 383 km2, providing a discharge of about 400 m3/s for return periods of 100 years. The overall hydrodynamics, sediment transport and morphological evolution at the estuary are analyzed with particular attention to specific issues like: the generation of vortical flows at the river mouth, the influence of various wave modes (infragravity to tidal) propagating upriver, the role of sediment flocculation, the generation and evolution of bed features (river-mouth bars and longitudinal nearshore bars). Numerical simulations are also used to clarify specific mechanisms of interest.
Exactly Why Are Slurs Wrong?
Authors: Metz Thaddeus 
Published: September 2021

Este artículo busca proporcionar una descripción completa y fundamental de por qué los epítetos raciales y slurs similares son inmora-les, allá donde lo sean. Considera tres teorías prin-cipales, según las cuales, a grandes rasgos, son inmorales porque son dañinos (bienestarismo), porque socavan la autonomía (kantianismo) o porque son hostiles (un enfoque relacional poco discutido informado por ideas del Sur Glo-bal). Este artículo presenta nuevas objeciones a las dos primeras teorías y concluye a favor de la última justificación. Se muestra que considerar que los slurs son inmorales en la medida en que son hostiles captura las ventajas de las otras teo-rías evitando sus desventajas.
This article seeks to provide a comprehensive and fundamental account of why racial epithets and similar slurs are immoral, whenever they are. It considers three major theories, roughly according to which they are immoral because they are harmful (welfarism), because they undermine autonomy (Kantianism), or because they are unfriendly (an under-considered, relational approach informed by ideas from the Global South). This article presents new objections to the former two theories, and concludes in favour of the latter rationale. Deeming slurs to be wrong insofar as they are unfriendly is shown to capture the advantages of the other theories, while avoiding their disadvantages.
Determination of the Optimal Syndesmosis Fixation Angle Using the Mortise View of the Ankle Joint
Authors: Tanoğlu Oğuzhan , Subaşı İzzet Özay , Gökgöz Mehmet Burak 
Published: September 2021

Background: Syndesmosis is an important soft-tissue component supporting ankle stability. It is commonly injured along with ankle fractures. Accurate reduction and fixation of syndesmosis is essential to obtain better functional results. Therefore, we aimed to find a practical method using the mortise view of the ankle to determine the optimal syndesmosis fixation angle intraoperatively.
Methods: We randomly selected 200 adults (100 women and 100 men) aged 18 to 60 years. Three-dimensional anatomical models of the tibia and fibula were created. We created a best-fit plane on the articular surface of the medial malleolus and a 90° vertical plane to the medial malleolus plane. We determined two splines on the cortical borders of the tibia and fibula distant from the most superior point of the ankle joint in horizontal view. We created two spheres that fit to the predefined splines. The optimal syndesmosis fixation angle was determined measuring the angle between the line connecting the center points of the spheres and the 90° vertical plane to the medial malleolus plane.
Results: We observed no statistically significant difference in optimal syndesmosis fixation angles between sex groups. The participant mean ± SD age was 47.1 ± 10.5 years. The optimal syndesmosis fixation angle in the mortise view was found to be 21° ± 4.3°.
Conclusions: We determined the optimal syndesmosis fixation angle to be 21° ± 4.3° using the mortise view of the ankle. The surgeon could evaluate the whole articular surface of the ankle joint with the medial and lateral syndesmotic spaces in mortise view accurately, and at the same position syndesmosis fixation could be performed at a mean ± SD angle of 21° ± 4.3°.
Improvisational Islam
Authors: Ibrahim Nur Amali 
Published: September 2021

This book examines novel ways of being Muslim, where religious dispositions are achieved through techniques that have little or no precedent in classical Islamic texts or concepts. At the center of the book are rival groups of Indonesian student activists in Indonesia who are behaving in similarly experimental ways. Progressive Muslim activists are reading humanistic and social scientific books and engaging in satire to formulate an inclusive understanding of the religion, while conservative Islamists are using Western techniques of accounting and self-help to develop religious puritanism. These religious practices have been made possible by deposal of President Suharto's authoritarian New Order regime in 1998 and the subsequent adoption of democratic systems. At the same time, the Indonesian case study, which occurs in a heightened political context, brings into sharper relief processes happening in Muslim life everywhere. To be a practitioner of their religion, Muslims draw on not only their scriptures, but also the non-traditional ideas and practices that circulate in their society, which importantly include those that originate in the West. In the contemporary political discourse where Muslims are often portrayed as adversarial to the West, this story about flexible and creative Muslims is an important one to tell.
Extended Letrozole Versus Recombinant FSH in Ovulation Induction in Cases of Clomiphene Citrate Resistant Polycystic Ovary
Authors: Motit Nehad Maher , El-Dorf Ayman Abdelaziz , Elshourbagy Shahinaz Hamdy , Abdullah Manal Mostafa 
Published: September 2021

Background: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is still the traditional therapy used for inducing ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clomiphene resistance, which refers to persistence of anovulation after standard CC therapy, occurs in 15%–20% of patients. We aimed to compare between extended letrozole versus recombinant FSH in ovulation induction in cases of clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary
Methods: Seventy women with PCOS were included then patients were equally randomized to receive one of the two drugs to be given over the next 3 months. In current study Group A: letrozole group 2.5 mg two tablets once daily for 10 days from day 2 of menses. Group B: Recombinant FSH 75 i.u s.c daily from day 2 for 5 days then monitoring dose according to folliculometry.
Results: There was non-significant difference between two groups as regard FSH and LH but as regard Serum E2 (pg/mL) at day 5 of HCG administration there was significant higher in FSH recombinant group. There was insignificant difference between two groups as regard Ovulating, Number of follicles >18. There was insignificant difference between two groups as regard Size of dominant follicle, endometrial thickness at hCG (mm). OHSS, discontinuation due to OHSS, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and abortion was higher in FSH recombinant group but differences didn’t reach significance.
Conclusions: There was non-significant difference between two groups in relation to ovulation, Number of follicles, Size of dominant follicle, Endometrial thickness at day of HCG injection however it was reported that OHSS, discontinuation due to OHSS, positive pregnancy test, was higher in FSH recombinant group but differences didn’t reach significance level.
Predicting the effect of indirect cell kill in the treatment of multiple brain metastases via single‐isocenter/multitarget volumetric modulated arc therapy stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Palmiero Allison N , Fabian Denise , Randall Marcus E , Clair William , Pokhrel Damodar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDue to spatial uncertainty, patient setup errors are of major concern for radiosurgery of multiple brain metastases (m‐bm) when using single‐isocenter/multitarget (SIMT) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques. However, recent clinical outcome studies show high rates of tumor local control for SIMT‐VMAT. In addition to direct cell kill (DCK), another possible explanation includes the effects of indirect cell kill (ICK) via devascularization for a single dose of 15 Gy or more and by inducing a radiation immune intratumor response. This study quantifies the role of indirect cell death in dosimetric errors as a function of spatial patient setup uncertainty for stereotactic treatments of multiple lesions.Material and MethodsNine complex patients with 61 total tumors (2‐16 tumors/patient) were planned using SIMT‐VMAT with geometry similar to HyperArc with a 10MV‐FFF beam (2400 MU/min). Isocenter was placed at the geometric center of all tumors. Average gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were 1.1 cc (0.02–11.5) and 1.9 cc (0.11–18.8) with an average distance to isocenter of 5.4 cm (2.2–8.9). The prescription was 20 Gy to each PTV. Plans were recalculated with induced clinically observable patient setup errors [±2 mm, ±2o] in all six directions. Boolean structures were generated to calculate the effect of DCK via 20 Gy isodose volume (IDV) and ICK via 15 Gy IDV minus the 20 Gy IDV. Contributions of each IDV to the PTV coverage were analyzed along with normal brain toxicity due to the patient setup uncertainty. Induced uncertainty and minimum dose covering the entire PTV were analyzed to determine the maximum tolerable patient setup errors to utilize the ICK effect for radiosurgery of m‐bm via SIMT‐VMAT.ResultsPatient setup errors of 1.3 mm /1.3° in all six directions must be maintained to achieve PTV coverage of the 15 Gy IDV for ICK. Setup errors of ±2 mm/2° showed clinically unacceptable loss of PTV coverage of 29.4 ± 14.6% even accounting the ICK effect. However, no clinically significant effect on normal brain dosimetry was observed.ConclusionsRadiosurgery of m‐bm using SIMT‐VMAT treatments have shown positive clinical outcomes even with small residual patient setup errors. These clinical outcomes, while largely due to DCK, may also potentially be due to the ICK. Potential mechanisms, such as devascularization and/or radiation‐induced intratumor immune enhancement, should be explored to provide a better understanding of the radiobiological response of stereotactic radiosurgery of m‐bm using a SIMT‐VMAT plan.
A New Strategy for Accelerating Dynamic Proton Transfer of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction at High Current Densities
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Feng Shaohua , Lu Weichao , Zhao Yingjie , Zheng Sixing , Zheng Wanzhen , Sang Xiahan , Zheng Lirong , Xie Yu , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Wang Shaobin , Hou Yang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping single‐atom electrocatalysts with high activity and superior selectivity at a wide potential window for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) still remains a great challenge. Herein, a porous NiNC catalyst containing atomically dispersed NiN4 sites and nanostructured zirconium oxide (ZrO2@Ni‐NC) synthesized via a post‐synthetic coordination coupling carbonization strategy is reported. The as‐prepared ZrO2@Ni‐NC exhibits an initial potential of −0.3 V, maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of 98.6% ± 1.3, and a low Tafel slope of 71.7 mV dec−1 in electrochemical CO2RR. In particular, a wide potential window from −0.7 to −1.4 V with CO F.E. of above 90% on ZrO2@Ni‐NC far exceeds those of recently developed state‐of‐the‐art CO2RR electrocatalysts based on NiN moieties anchored carbon. In a flow cell, ZrO2@Ni‐NC delivers a current density of 200 mA cm−2 with a superior CO selectivity of 96.8% at −1.58 V in a practical scale. A series of designed experiments and structural analyses identify that the isolated NiN4 species act as real active sites to drive the CO2RR reaction and that the nanostructured ZrO2 largely accelerates the protonation process of *CO2− to *COOH intermediate, thus significantly reducing the energy barrier of this rate‐determining step and boosting whole catalytic performance.
Cascade‐Amplifying Synergistic Therapy for Intracranial Glioma via Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species‐Triggered “All‐in‐One” Nanoplatform
Authors: Wu Pengying , Zhu Mingting , Li Yan , Ya Zhen , Yang Yabo , Yuan Yuchen , Dong Wei , Guo Shifang , Lu Shukuan , Zhang Lei , Zong Yujin , Wan Mingxi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTargeted delivery of drug‐loaded nanoparticles to brain tumors is exceptionally difficult due to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). In addition, several chemotherapeutic drugs induce autophagy, which protects the cells from apoptosis and mitigates the therapeutic effect. A novel “all‐in‐one” nanoparticles (AMPTL) consisting of endogenous reactive oxygen species‐cleavable thioketal linkers conjugated to paclitaxel (PTX) and autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine, and angiopep‐2 peptide‐modified DSPE‐PEG2K is developed. AMPTL inhibits autophagy in the C6 glioma cells, as indicated by fewer autophagic vesicles, lower LC3‐II expression and accumulation of SQSTM1/P62, and significantly upregulates p53 and the pro‐apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 proteins. In addition, AMPTL treatment induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Thus, inhibition of autophagy in the AMPTL‐treated glioma cells sensitizes them to PTX‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, focused pulse ultrasound and microbubbles enhances the delivery of AMPTL to intracranial glioma tissues by reversibly opening the BBB, which significantly inhibits xenograft growth and markedly improves survival rates of the tumor‐bearing mice. Taken together, combining non‐invasive BBB opening with autophagy inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs can achieve cascade‐amplifying synergistic therapeutic effects against glioma.
Charge‐Transfer Effects of Organic Ligands on Energy Storage Performance of Oxide Nanoparticle‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Song Yongkwon , Lee Seokmin , Ko Yongmin , Huh June , Kim Yongju , Yeom Bongjun , Moon Jun Hyuk , Cho Jinhan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most difficult challenges related to pseudocapacitive nanoparticle (PC NP)‐based energy storage electrodes with theoretically high capacity is to overcome the sluggish charge‐transfer kinetics that result from the poorly conductive PC NPs and bulky/insulating organics (i.e., organic ligands and/or polymeric binders) within the electrodes. Herein, it is reported that physical/chemical functionalities of organic ligands and their molecular‐scale coating onto NPs have considerable effects on the rate capability and capacity of oxide NP‐based pseudocapacitor electrodes. For this study, pseudocapacitive iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs are layer‐by‐layer (LbL)‐assembled with conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) NPs using various types of organic ligands (or linkers). In particular, hydrazine ligands, which have extremely small molecular size and strong chemical reducing properties, can effectively remove bulky organic ligands from the NP surface, and thus reduce the separation distance between neighboring NPs. Simultaneously, the hydrazine ligands significantly increase the number of oxygen vacancies on Fe3O4 and ITO NPs during LbL deposition, which markedly enhances the rate capability and capacitance of the electrodes compared to other organic ligands with bulky size and/or without reducing properties. This approach can provide a fundamental basis for developing and designing various high‐performance electrochemical electrodes based on metal oxide NPs.
Triggering Reactive Oxygen Species Field Effect Transistor Based on HIF‐1α Signaling for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Yan Jun , Ling Ke , Shi Rui , Lv Rui , Nie Baoqing , Liu Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) makes tumors resistant to various therapies including chemotherapies, radiotherapies, and photodynamic therapies. Here, a new strategy of building a reactive oxygen species (ROS) field effect transistor (FET) is reported, which enables amplified ROS flux for tumor ablation and addresses the challenge of tumor hypoxia by a liposomal delivery system (SN‐38∩LP@Fe3O4/GOx). This design can switch “ON” the ROS FET by a small tuning on the “gate electrode” with downregulation of HIF‐1α signaling. Highly effective tumor ablation both in vitro and in vivo using the ROS FET strategy is demonstrated, and its mechanism of changing tumor hypoxia is revealed. Distinctly different from the previous reports based on the chemical supply to address hypoxia TME, this work conceptually creates a method of maximizing ROS damages for cancer treatment with well‐leveraged modulation of the tumor hypoxia pathways.