bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐neuron correlate of epilepsy‐related cognitive deficits in visual recognition memory in right mesial temporal lobe
Authors: Lee Seung J. , Beam Danielle E. , Schjetnan Andrea G. P. , Paul Lynn K. , Chandravadia Nand , Reed Chrystal M. , Chung Jeffrey M. , Ross Ian B. , Valiante Taufik A. , Mamelak Adam N. , Rutishauser Ueli 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveImpaired memory is a common comorbidity of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and often perceived by patients as more problematic than the seizures themselves. The objective of this study is to understand what the relationship of these behavioral impairments is to the underlying pathophysiology, as there are currently no treatments for these deficits, and it remains unknown what circuits are affected.MethodsWe recorded single neurons in the medial temporal lobes (MTLs) of 62 patients (37 with refractory TLE) who performed a visual recognition memory task to characterize the relationship between behavior, tuning, and anatomical location of memory selective and visually selective neurons.ResultsSubjects with a seizure onset zone (SOZ) in the right but not left MTL demonstrated impaired ability to recollect as indicated by the degree of asymmetry of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Of the 1973 recorded neurons, 159 were memory selective (MS) and 366 were visually selective (VS) category cells. The responses of MS neurons located within right but not left MTL SOZs were impaired during high‐confidence retrieval trials, mirroring the behavioral deficit seen both in our task and in standardized neuropsychological tests. In contrast, responses of VS neurons were unimpaired in both left and right MTL SOZs. Our findings show that neuronal dysfunction within SOZs in the MTL was specific to a functional cell type and behavior, whereas other cell types respond normally even within the SOZ. We show behavioral metrics that detect right MTL SOZ‐related deficits and identify a neuronal correlate of this impairment.SignificanceTogether, these findings show that single‐cell responses can be used to assess the causal effects of local circuit disruption by an SOZ in the MTL, and establish a neural correlate of cognitive impairment due to epilepsy that can be used as a biomarker to assess the efficacy of novel treatments.
Unusual evolution of tree frog populations in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Authors: Car Clément , Gilles André , Armant Olivier , Burraco Pablo , Beaugelin‐Seiller Karine , Gashchak Sergey , Camilleri Virginie , Cavalié Isabelle , Laloi Patrick , Adam‐Guillermin Christelle , Orizaola Germán , Bonzom Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of pollutants in the environment, their long‐term ecological consequences are not always clear and still poorly studied. This is the case concerning the radioactive contamination of the environment following the major nuclear accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Notwithstanding the implications of evolutionary processes on the population status, few studies concern the evolution of organisms chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Here, we examined genetic markers for 19 populations of Eastern tree frog (Hyla orientalis) sampled in the Chernobyl region about thirty years after the nuclear power plant accident to investigate microevolutionary processes ongoing in local populations. Genetic diversity estimated from nuclear and mitochondrial markers showed an absence of genetic erosion and higher mitochondrial diversity in tree frogs from the Chernobyl exclusion zone compared to other European populations. Moreover, the study of haplotype network permitted us to decipher the presence of an independent recent evolutionary history of Chernobyl exclusion zone's Eastern tree frogs caused by an elevated mutation rate compared to other European populations. By fitting to our data a model of haplotype network evolution, we suspected that Eastern tree frog populations in the Chernobyl exclusion zone have a high mitochondrial mutation rate and small effective population sizes. These data suggest that Eastern tree frog populations might offset the impact of deleterious mutations because of their large clutch size, but also question the long‐term impact of ionizing radiation on the status of other species living in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
“Who else is gonna do it if we don't?” Gender, education, and the crisis of care in the 2018 West Virginia teachers' strike
Authors: Hanrahan Nancy Weiss , Amsler Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn 2018, a sequence of powerful education strikes and work stoppages across the United States sent shock waves through the country's public education system. This eruption of collective workers' organization was strongly led by women teachers responding to the current crisis of care, demanding resources, dignity, and justice for themselves, the children they teach, and their communities. While mainstream reports often represent these actions as traditional labor and/or feminist struggles, our research demonstrates that they were sites of more nuanced response to “care extraction” in education, and for understanding how constructions of gender and gender injustice both gave rise to the strikes and shaped their unfolding. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 10 teacher‐activists who participated in the West Virginia strikes, we examine how teachers' labor is being transformed in a context of postindustrial austerity, illustrate the complex political identity of the strike actions, and explore the relationship between specific constructions of gendered labor and collective organizing in US public education today.
Shared decision‐making in standardized cancer patient pathways in Norway—Narratives of patient experiences
Authors: Andersen‐Hollekim Tone , Melby Line , Sand Kari , Gilstad Heidi , Das Anita , Solbjør Marit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patient pathways (CPPs) were implemented in Norway in 2015–2017 to advance cancer diagnostics and treatment initiation. The aim of CPPs is to ensure standardized waiting times, but also to strengthen patient participation and shared decision‐making. This study investigates how patients enrolled in a CPP experienced shared decision‐making.MethodsThis study comprised of 19 individual semistructured interviews with patients who had been enrolled in a CPP at three hospitals in Norway. Twelve patients had breast cancer, four patients had prostate cancer and three patients had malignant melanoma. We analyzed their experiences using a narrative approach.FindingsThis study showed how participating in a standardized CPP provided different possibilities for shared decision‐making. The patients' narratives of shared decision‐making in CPPs included stories from the three cancer diagnoses through the following themes: (1) The predictable safeness of standardizations, (2) the ambivalence of making decisions and (3) opposing standardizations and pushing for action.ConclusionStandardized CPPs provided patients with predictability and safety. Shared decision‐making was possible when the cancer diagnoses supported preference‐sensitive treatment options. Balancing standardizations with individualized care is necessary to facilitate patient participation in CPPs, and the possibility of shared decision‐making needs to be discussed for each specific CPP.Patient or Public ContributionA service user representative from the Norwegian Cancer Society participated in designing this study.
The effects of blackcurrant and strawberry powder on the physicochemical and in vitro glycaemic response of starches derived from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Mu Jianlou , Wu Gang , Chen Zhizhou , Klosek Axelle , Brennan Magaret A. , Hui Xiaodan , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryPhenolic compounds have been shown to deliver numerous health benefits. Research has also shown that starch and phenolic compounds interact. This study aimed to investigate the effects of blackcurrant and strawberry powder on the physicochemical and in vitro predicted glycaemic response of sweet potato and potato starches. Sweet potato, or potato, starches were mixed with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) of blackcurrant, or strawberry, powder, to form blackcurrant and strawberry‐enriched starch pastes. The results showed that enrichment with 5%, 10% and 15% blackcurrant or strawberry powder for sweet potato and potato starch significantly altered the pasting viscosity and colour profiles (P < 0.05), increased the phenolic content and antioxidant activities of starch pastes (P < 0.05). Blackcurrant or strawberry powders mixed with sweet potato or potato starches reduced amount of reducing sugar released during in vitro digestion. Addition of 15% blackcurrant powder for the starch exerted stronger in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties than that of 15% strawberry powder. Collectively, these findings suggested that addition of blackcurrant or strawberry powder into sweet potato and potato starches manipulated the hypoglycaemic property of pastes.
Evolutions of rheology, microstructure and starch hydrolysis of pumpkin‐enriched bread during simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Ge Fangzi , Wu Peng , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the influences of pumpkin flour additions to breadmaking on evolutions of microstructure, rheology and starch hydrolysis during simulated gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. Compared to white bread (PB0), the bread supplemented with 20% pumpkin flour (PB20) showed more continuous and fibrous gel network structure with most starch granules encapsulated in the network throughout the in vitro digestion. Due to the dilution of digestive fluids and enzymatic hydrolysis, the digesta moduli and viscosity remarkably decreased as time progressed, but PB20 presented significantly higher rheology compared to PB0 in each digestion phase. At the end of intestinal phase, the in vitro starch digestibility was 69.9% for PB0, significantly higher than that for PB20 (55.4%). This is presumably attributed to the abundant dietary fibre in pumpkin flour, contributing to the increased digesta viscosity and the formation of more compact and stable gel networks that would hinder the contact of starch granules with α‐amylase. In addition, the pumpkin‐added breads gave satisfactory results in terms of sensory acceptability. This study has suggested promising potential of incorporating pumpkin flour in the production of functional bakery products with reduced starch digestibility while maintaining good sensory characteristics.
The effect of co‐encapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 with inulin on alginate/chitosan matrix: the viability in fermented soy blend and simulated digestive system
Authors: Ferreira Leite Ladislau Hayane , Silva de Farias Thaísa Gabriela , Mendonça Soares Bruna Lúcia , Medeiros José Alberto da Costa , Ferrão Castelo Branco Melo Natália , Stamford–Arnaud Thatiana Montenegro , Stamford Thayza Christina Montenegro , Stamford Tânia Lucia Montenegro 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThis research verified the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus encapsulated with inulin to tolerate the simulated digestive system and their viability in a soy blend. Probiotic encapsulated in alginate‐chitosan matrix without inulin presented a better encapsulation efficiency (80.92%) than encapsulation with inulin (57.39%). On the 28th day, the count of probiotics decreased by 3.42 and 1.99 logarithmic cycles of free and encapsulated cells without inulin, respectively. In contrast, the microorganisms encapsulated with inulin showed an increase of 1.26 logs CFU g−1. During gastrointestinal simulation, cell counts decreased by 0.78, 1.55 and 1.95 CFU g−1 logs for encapsulated cells without inulin, free and encapsulated with inulin, respectively. Sensory panellists liked the fermented soy blend with encapsulated lactobacilli, and this result shows the possibility to create new probiotic foods of plant origin. Therefore, the alginate/chitosan matrix can be considered adequate for the encapsulation of L. rhamnosus. The inulin reduces the encapsulation efficiency and increases the cell loss in gastrointestinal simulation. Considering cellular losses, the best option for preparing a fermented soy blend is to use L. rhamnosus encapsulated without inulin.
Clinical and pathologic challenges of clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance
Authors: Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnexplained blood cytopenias, in particular anemia, are often found in older individuals. The relationship between these cytopenias and myeloid neoplasms like myelodysplastic syndromes is currently poorly defined. Terminology used to describe patients with unexplained cytopenias and with clonally restricted hematopoiesis can be confusing and is evolving. This review uses a complex clinical case with borderline morphology and somatic mutations with high variant allele frequencies to illustrate a diagnostic approach to clonal cytopenias, and differentiation from myeloid neoplasms with a focus on appropriate ancillary testing. Testing for somatic mutations and variant allele frequency is helpful in assessing risk for progression to myeloid malignancy. The interpretation of mutation profiles in patients with cytopenia has been challenging, as some of these genes are commonly detected in elderly adults showing a normal blood count as well as in individuals with nonmalignant bone marrow failure syndromes. For patients with unexplained cytopenias, longitudinal follow‐up including monitoring of blood counts may also be appropriate.
Necroptosis is required for atrial fibrillation and involved in aerobic exercise‐conferred cardioprotection
Authors: Fu Yuping , Jiang Tiannan , Sun Hongke , Li Tong , Gao Feng , Fan Boyuan , Li Xiaoli , Qin Xinghua , Zheng Qiangsun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNecroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the development of fibrosis, yet its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. Mounting evidence demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves AF‐related symptoms and quality of life. Therefore, we explored the role of necroptosis in AF pathogenesis and exercise‐conferred cardioprotection. A mouse AF model was established either by calcium chloride and acetylcholine (CaCl2‐Ach) administration for 3 weeks or high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks, whereas swim training was conducted 60 min/day, for 3‐week duration. AF susceptibility, heart morphology and function and atrial fibrosis were assessed by electrophysiological examinations, echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Both CaCl2‐Ach administration and HFD feeding significantly enhanced AF susceptibility (including frequency and duration of episodes), left atrial enlargement and fibrosis. Moreover, protein levels of necroptotic signaling (receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1, receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3, mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II or their phosphorylated forms) were markedly elevated in the atria of AF mice. However, inhibiting necroptosis with necrostatin‐1 partly attenuated CaCl2‐Ach (or HFD)‐induced fibrosis and AF susceptibility, implicating necroptosis as contributing to AF pathogenesis. Finally, we found 3‐week swim training inhibited necroptotic signaling, consequently decreasing CaCl2‐Ach‐induced AF susceptibility and atrial structural remodeling. Our findings identify necroptosis as a novel mechanism in AF pathogenesis and highlight that aerobic exercise may confer benefits on AF via inhibiting cardiac necroptosis.
Circulating tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Potoupni Victoria , Georgiadou Maria , Chatzigriva Eftychia , Polychronidou Georgia , Markou Erietta , Zapantis Gakis Christos , Filimidou Ioanna , Karagianni Myriam , Anastasilakis Dimitrios , Evripidou Kleo , Ftergioti Argyro , Togkaridou Marianthi , Tsaftaridis Nikolaos , Apostolopoulos Apostolos , Polyzos Stergios A 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimTo synthesize data on circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels between patients with histologically confirmed non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (simple steatosis or non‐alcoholic fatty liver [NAFL] and/or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]) and controls.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Fifty‐six studies, published between 2003 and 2019, were finally included, reporting data from 5848 individuals (1634 controls and 4214 NAFLD patients).ResultsHigher circulating TNF‐α levels were observed in NAFLD patients than controls (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.59–1.09), NAFL patients than controls (SMD 0.56; 95% CI 0.27–0.85), NASH patients than controls (SMD 0.93; 95% CI 0.64–1.22), and NASH than NAFL patients (SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.16–0.46). There were only minimal changes in the comparisons between groups after excluding studies with morbidly obese populations (n = 11), or pediatric/adolescent populations (n = 6), or other than enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method of TNF‐α measurement (n = 8). There was high heterogeneity among studies in all comparisons, which was not essentially affected after sensitivity analyses. The meta‐regression analysis revealed that the male ratio was positively associated with TNF‐α SMD in the comparison between patients with NASH and NAFL (beta = 0.809; 95% CI 0.052–1.566) and accounted for 36% (P = 0.037) of the heterogeneity in this pair of comparison. TNF‐α SMD was not associated with age, body mass index, and alanine aminotransferase in any pair of comparisons.ConclusionsCirculating TNF‐α levels were higher in patients with NAFLD compared with controls. Higher levels of circulating TNF‐α were also associated with the severity of NAFLD.
International Lending: The Role of Lender's Home Country
Authors: Beyhaghi Mehdi , Dai Rui , Saunders Anthony , Wald John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe multinational syndicated loan market has crossed the $7 trillion threshold. Prior literature argues that weak borrower country's creditor rights is the main limiting factor to cross‐border lending. We find that lender country's creditor rights can partly substitute for weak borrower creditor rights if a lender is from a better creditor rights country. Our results are robust to controlling for a borrower's country laws, its foreign assets, the loan guarantees provided by its foreign parent, and its choice set of lenders.
Effects of resistance bands exercise for frail older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled studies
Authors: Daryanti Saragih Ita , Yang Ya‐Ping , Saragih Ice Septriani , Batubara Sakti Oktaria , Lin Chia‐Ju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesResearch examining the effectiveness of resistance band exercises for improving physical and psychological dimensions among frail older adults has been inconsistent. We aimed to examine the effects of resistance band exercises for improving outcomes in frail older adults.BackgroundTo provide robust evidence regarding the effectiveness of resistance band exercises and explore other potential outcomes in frail older adults, a systematic review of RCTs remains necessary.DesignSystematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.MethodsFour databases were searched. English language papers were retrieved from 2006 to 2020. Three reviewers reviewed the methodology of the selected studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for randomised controlled trials. The pooled standardised mean difference was calculated using a random‐effects model. Heterogeneity among pooled studies was assessed using the τ2, Q and I2 statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test and the visual inspection of funnel plots.ResultsA total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria for this study. Overall, resistance band exercise reduced frailty after 24 weeks (SMD: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.55 to −0.03) and reduced depression after both 12 weeks (SMD: −0.19; 95% CI: −0.38 to −0.01) and 24 weeks (SMD: −0.30; 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.09). However, no significant effects were observed for frailty after 12 weeks, and no significant effects were observed for grip strength, leg strength, activities of daily living or quality of life at any time.ConclusionResistance band exercise might be considered a viable strategy for frail older adults in the community or in long‐term care facilities. More research implementing a standardised protocol remains necessary to identify the effects of different training volumes and the dose–response relationship for the very old and frail population.Relevance to clinical practiceAs a safe complementary intervention for frail older adults, health providers should consider resistance band exercises when caring for frail older adults because this intervention has clinical benefits.
Both Diversity and Meritocracy: Managing the Diversity‐Meritocracy Paradox with Organizational Ambidexterity
Authors: Konrad Alison M. , Richard Orlando C. , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis conceptual paper addresses the diversity challenge organizations face as they seek to enhance opportunities for marginalized groups without damaging fairness perceptions for advantaged groups. This challenge stems from societal‐level conflicts between advantaged and marginalized groups which generate a paradoxical tension between the values of diversity and meritocracy. The diversity‐meritocracy paradox manifests in interaction as an identity validation‐threat system so that events benefitting marginalized groups threaten advantaged groups and vice versa. However, diversity and meritocracy are also interrelated, and fulfilling each of these values supports the other through their beneficial effects on organizational justice. Managing the paradox entails supporting perceptions of process integrity with diversity practices while supporting perceptions of individual competence with meritocracy practices. Balanced combinations of practices create organizational ambidexterity to fulfil diversity and meritocracy pressures simultaneously. Research is needed examining how organizations leverage the interrelatedness of diversity and meritocracy to achieve diversity, inclusion, and justice among employees.