bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive and Curative treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Mali: Evaluation of the Healthcare Professionals based on the Malian National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Guidelines
Authors: BALLO Mahamadou , Traoré Karim , Sidibé Samou , Diakité Seidina , Guindo Abdoulaye , Daou Fatoumata , Sangaré Modibo , Konaté Drissa , Diakité Mahamadou , Youl Estelle , Bah Sékou 
Published: October 2021

Malaria infections in pregnancy should be treated promptly with safe and efficacious antimalarial drugs to prevent harmful effects on the mother and fetus. To succeed, the Malian has developed NMCP guidelines for the management of malaria cases in pregnant women. The study aimed at the analysis of the prescription of antimalarial drugs based on the Mali's NMCP guidelines.
We conducted a cross-sectional study during malaria transmission season from June to August 2020. The sampling concerned all prescriptions for pregnant women containing at least one antimalarial drug.
The frequency of prescription of antimalarial drugs was 85%. 132 (74.16%) were preventive treatments and 46 (25.84%) curative treatments. 30 (90.91%) of pregnant women in the first trimester received one dose of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine. 6 (12.5%) received three doses in the third trimester. Of the 46 antimalarial drugs prescribed for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, 30 (65.22%) were Artemether-lumefantrine (tablet), 10 (21.74%) were Quinine (tablet). 29 (63.04%) were compliant with NMCP guidelines and 17 (36.96%) were not. The non-compliances concerned 3 prescriptions of Artemether-lumefantrine in the first trimester, 3 and 5 prescriptions of Quinine (tablet) in the second and third trimester respectively and at the end 2 and 4 non-compliances respectively for the prescription of injectable dosage forms of Quinine and Artesunate.
This study showed a great noncompliance with the Mali's NMCP guidelines in the prescription of antimalarial in pregnant women. Chemoprophylaxis should be prohibited in the first trimester.
Keywords: Curative and Preventive Treatment, Malaria in Pregnancy, Malaria Transmission, Mali
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points as a Quality Risk Management Tool in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Systematic Review
Authors: Priya , , Chaudhary Meenu 
Published: October 2021

For several years, quality risk management (QRM) has been such an integral component of healthcare as well as pharmaceutical product manufacturing. Effectual QRM can help companies make better informed and smarter choices, and furnish regulators with more prominent confirmation of an organization's capacity to manage possible dangers. In the pharmaceutical sector, the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP), a QRM tool is comparatively a new approach. It is a globally perceived management system that gives rules to the pharmaceutical and food industries. HACCP approach emphasizes the hazards, with the overarching goal of ensuring that drug products are safe to use because the production of drug products is prone to health together with safety concerns. The HACCP system offers guidance to a considerable extent for quality control, by detecting, assessing, monitoring, and validating the crucial procedures and operations in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. The presented review article provides HACCP as a risk assessment tool, which could be applied to various parts of drug quality so that it might promote and assist the adoption of quality practices by pharmaceutical industries with the objective of improving HACCP efficiency together with company performance.
Keywords: HACCP, Hazards, QRM, Quality
Mechanisms of Action of Flavonoids in the Management of Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chandra Mohan S , Jain Namrata , Sumathi S. 
Published: October 2021

Management of diabetes mellitus is a challenge for clinicians. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia increases the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, damaging the body systems. Although a number of antidiabetic drugs are available for therapeutic intervention, toxicity, loss of efficacy in chronic use and high cost of treatment have necessitated the search for new molecules to manage diabetes. Safety and cost are the main prerequisite for the new antidiabetic molecules. Medicinal plants and their purified phytochemicals have shown promising antidiabetic potential in the past few years. The flavonoids can be widely classified into different categories like anthocyanins, catechins, flavanols, flavones, flavanones etc. Some flavonoids have hypoglycemic properties. They may improve al-tered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. The hypoglycemic effect of some herbal extracts has been confirmed in human and animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Some of the important phytoconstituents from the classes of flavonoid have been discussed here. The current review summarizes the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids, the mechanism-based action of flavonoids that target the various metabolic pathways in humans.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Flavonoids, Medicinal plants, mechanisms of action, T2DM
Pain Related Functional Limitations of Persons Injured in Car Accidents
Authors: Mann Stephan C. , Velamoor Varadaraj R. , Litman Larry C. , Cernovsky Zack Z. 
Published: October 2021

Background: In medical psychology, the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) allows for a separate assessment of pain intensity (scales of worst, least, and average pain) and of daily functional limitations due to pain (impairments of mood, ability to walk, work, interpersonal relations, sleep, and enjoyment of life). The present study evaluates the convergent validity of BPI’s measure of such functional limitations by calculating its correlations to other relevant clinical measures of psychological impairments caused by motor vehicle accidents (MVAs).
Method: De-identified archival data were available on 50 persons injured in MVAs (age 20 to 86 years, mean=42.1 years, SD=16.4; 23 males, 27 females). Their MVA occurred 11 to 280 weeks prior to psychological testing with the BPI (average time lapse 73.3 weeks, SD=53.8). All patients were still experiencing active post-MVA symptoms requiring medical attention and therapy. With respect to convergent validity, we examined Pearson correlations of the BPI to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), and to measures of depression, anger, and anxiety (Items 10 to 12 of the Whiplash Disability Questionnaire).
Results: Functional interference of pain with daily activities (sum of BPI Items 9B to 9G) correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.39), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.45), insomnia scores (r=0.41), and ratings of depression (r=0.52), anger (r=0.46), and anxiety (r=0.44). When the sum of BPI ratings of worst, least, and average pain was added to the functional interference/limitations score, then this sum of 9 BPI items correlated significantly at p<0.05, 2-tailed with Rivermead post-concussion scores (r=0.36), post-MVA subjective neuropsychological symptoms (r=0.46), insomnia scores (r=0.37), and ratings of depression (r=0.53), anger (r=0.50), and anxiety (r=0.40).
Discussion and Conclusion: The results lend support to convergent validity of the BPI when applied to persons injured in vehicular accidents.
Beneficial Role of Platelet –Rich Plasma (PRP) combined with Glass Wool Filtration for Best Recovery of Spermatozoa in Infertile Men
Authors: Abduljabar Watfaa A. , Mossa Hayder A. L. , Abood Muayad S. 
Published: October 2021

Background: Platelet –Rich Plasma (PRP) is a novel therapeutic agent used in multiple medical fields and one of these fields is the reproduction for best spermatozoa preparation and activation for upgrading activity and motility of the spermatozoa and filtered with glass wool filtration to eliminate any round cells and leukocytes from the sample.
Objectives: The aim of this research is to study some sperm characteristics in two groups, the normozoospermic infertile men and th asthenozoospermic infertile group before and after activation with Glass wool Filtration and PRP and compare between both.
Patients and Methods: In this study 60 infertile men were enrolled and divided into 2 groups,15 normozoospermic infertile men, and 45 ashenozoospermic infertile men during their attendance to the Infertility Clinic in High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies Al-Nahrain University. The collected semen samples, and seminal fluid analysis were assessed, each semen sample was divided into 3 tubes and labelled as the 1st tube which was before activation, the 2nd tube was after glass wool filtration activation technique and the 3rd tube was for semen activated by adding PRP to the medium used for glass wool filtration activation.
Results: Both techniques showed increased and improved sperm motility, but the PRP was superior to the glass wool alone in upgrading Sperm Grade A Motility %, Sperm Grade B Motility % and decreasing Sperm Grade C Motility %, and Sperm Grade D Motility (Immotile Sperm).
Conclusion: The PRP was significantly effective in improving the sperm activity and upgrading sperm motility more than Glass Wool Filtration technique.
Oppression towards Women as Depicted in Marge Piercy’s Selected Poems
Authors: Nirwinastu Diksita Galuh 
Published: October 2021

This present study would like to examine how women are oppressed by the patriarchal society in the selected poems written by one of the contemporary American female writers, Marge Piercy. Marge Piercy is particularly known as a female writer as well as a feminist activist. She has written numerous works, including novels and poetry books, which explore issues about women. Piercy’s poems are mostly known to be simple and vivid. Observing the use of figurative language and the diction in Piercy’s selected poems, entitled “A Work of Artifice” and “Barbie Doll”, in the light of feminist criticism, this article would like to show how oppression is done towards women and how it results in the silencing, shaping, and subordinating of women. In the poems, the oppression is mostly operated subtly and systematically through various cultural institutions, such as education, family, and media. Women, as a result, are trained to believe in the voice of the patriarchal society and to behave following what the patriarchal society demands. The long-practiced oppression has hindered women to develop to their fullest as human beings. The poems can be read as a medium to voice women’s experiences and to criticize the established patriarchal system and its oppression towards women.
Impact of Grid Gas Requirements on Hydrogen Blending Levels
Authors: Latõšov Eduard , Pakere Ieva , Murauskaite Lina , Volkova Anna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The aim of the article is to determine what amount of hydrogen in %mol can be transferred/stored in the Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian grid gas networks, based on the limitations of chemical and physical requirements, technical requirements of the gas network, and quality requirements. The main characteristics for the analysis of mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas are the Wobbe Index, relative density, methane number, and calorific value. The calculation of the effects of hydrogen blending on the above main characteristics of a real grid gas is based on the principles described in ISO 6976:2016 and the distribution of the grid gas mole fraction components from the grid gas quality reports. The Wärtsila methane number calculator was used to illustrate the effects of hydrogen blending on the methane number of the grid gas. The calculation results show that the maximum hydrogen content in the grid gas (hydrogen and natural gas mix), depending on the grid gas quality parameters (methane number, gross heat of combustion, specific gravity, and the Wobbe Index), is in the range of 5–23 %mol H2. The minimum hydrogen content (5 %mol H2) is limited by specific gravity (>0.55). The next limitation is at 12 %mol H2 and is related to the gross heat of combustion (>9.69 kWh/m3). It is advisable to explore the readiness of gas grids and consumers in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania before switching to higher hydrogen blend levels. If the applicability and safety of hydrogen blends above 5 %mol is approved, then it is necessary to analyse the possible reduction of the minimum requirements for the quality of the grid gas and evaluate the associated risks (primarily related to specific gravity).
Methodology for the numerical solution of problems in relation to the coil-type electric heat exchangers for heating fuel
Authors: Krokhta G. M. , Khomchenko YE. N. , Usatykh N. A. 
Published: October 2021

The specificity of the operating conditions of agricultural tractors in the agro-industrial complex requires the provision of reliable engine start at low ambient temperatures. Improving the starting qualities of a diesel engine and reducing incomplete combustion in the post-start period can be achieved by increasing the exergy of the air charge at the end of the compression stroke or increasing the exergy of the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. The purpose of the study is to reduce the expenditure of exergy for prestarting a diesel engine, improve starting qualities and reduce incomplete combustion in the post-start period.
To achieve this goal, the design of an electric heat exchanger was developed in the form of a coil from a high-pressure fuel line, into which a heating element is inserted. A method for calculating its main parameters was developed. Calculations showed that in order to ensure reliable start-up of a diesel engine in winter, it is necessary to heat the fuel in the nozzle to a temperature of 240 C in the thermal boost mode. A heater of about 98 Watts is required to reach this temperature within 270 seconds of priming. However, in order to maintain such a fuel temperature during the start-up process, it is necessary to make changes in the nozzle design in order to minimize heat losses into the walls of the fuel channel by applying a heat-insulating coating. With further engine operation in the post-start heating mode, the fuel temperature in the injector is reduced to 8595 C.
Study of the continuous mode of mixing feed components in a mixing plant
Authors: Solonshchikov P. N. 
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the problem of developing means that can increase the efficiency of mechanization of the process of preparing liquid feed in animal husbandry. Design bureaus, research and technological institutes for mechanization and electrification of agriculture have developed new progressive technologies, as well as kits, units, machines and apparatus for animal husbandry and fodder production. On the basis of this technique, complex mechanization of farms is being introduced and livestock complexes with industrial production technology are being created. But recently, the widespread use of domestic machines for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures has not been presented. Therefore, an experimental setup is proposed that combines three functions: a batcher, a pump and a mixer, which ultimately allows to obtain a mixture of good quality.
The article provides a program and research methodology for the installation. For this, a special stand has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the parameters of the mixture quality and the specific consumption of electrical energy. As a search for the optimal combination of factors for the optimization criteria: the degree of homogeneity and the specific consumption of electrical energy, plan 32 was chosen. Experimental studies have shown the range of supply of the installation at different speeds of rotation of the impeller shaft. Mixing studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the design of the plant and its components: dispenser, pump and mixer. With the help of experimental planning methods, the main factors influencing the mixing process are identified, and the optimal parameters of the mixture quality are determined. According to the studies carried out on the continuous introduction of components in an experimental installation for the preparation of liquid feed mixtures, we obtained that the optimal combinations of factors would be the water temperature t = 26...38 C and the rotation frequency n = 1500...1650 min1, while the degree of homogeneity reaches = 94,6 % and unit costs of electric energy Eel = 0,198 kWh/t.u. st.un.
Prevalence, impact, management practices and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among students of Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore
Authors: Maqbool Saadia , Manzoor Iram , Fatima Nidal , Tahir Saroosh , Shahid Hammad , Hanif Muhammad Usman , Haider Mohammad Ali , Tarar Noreen 
Published: October 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is an important health issue of young adult females that badly affects their quality of life and academic performance. This study aimed to determine prevalence, impact, management practices and factors associated with dysmenorrhea among medical students.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College Lahore from August 2020 to December 2020. Using Cochran’s sample size calculator and rounding off, sample size of 400 female students was calculated. Convenience sampling technique was used. A self-constructed questionnaire was used which was designed after extensive literature search. Pain intensity was estimated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Chi square test was applied to find association between variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results. Mean age of participants was 21.07 ± 2.58 years. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant’s age (p value=0.002), marital status(p value=0.001), family income(p value=<0.001), age of menarche (p value=<0.001), days of bleeding (p value=0.009) and regularity of cycle(p value=<0.001). Mostly participants used combinations of remedies. Rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain. Impact of dysmenorrhea included social withdrawal, inability to prepare for exam, difficulty in carrying out daily activities and absence from college.
Conclusion. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 79.5%. Statistically significant association was found between dysmenorrhea and participant age, marital status, family income, age of menarche, days of bleeding and regularity of cycle. Alone or together, taking rest was the most commonly used remedy to relieve pain. Dysmenorrhea negatively affected quality of life.
Exploring the Fundamental Risk Factors of Child Malnutrition: An Application of Proportional Odds Model (POM)
Authors: Ayyaz Rida , Meraj Muhammad Asad , Mustafa Fakhar 
Published: October 2021

Background: This study was designed with the objective to evaluate the fundamental risk factors of malnutrition among children in Lahore city and its outskirts, Pakistan.
Methods: Data of four hundred and five children with age group less than 5 years was collected from Children hospital and Jinnah hospital, Lahore. We used weight-for-height anthropometric index, designed by World Health Organization (WHO), to measure the nutritional status of children. Preliminary analysis was performed by using Pearson Chi-square and Gamma statistics to check the association between factors (demographic, socio-economic and health related variables) and response variable i.e., nutritional status. Then, proportional odds model (POM) was fitted to the information collected.
Results: Of 405 children included in the study, 33% (135) were found malnourished, whereas, approximately 67% (270) were found nourished. Findings of the study revealed that child’s age, maternal education level, socio-economic status, maternal age at the birth of child, low birth spacing, status of antenatal-postnatal care, incomplete vaccinations, exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence of fever, cough and recurrent episodes of diarrhea were the significant risk factors of malnutrition. Prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) was turned out to be insignificant risk factor. In this study, parallel lines assumption was satisfied and proportional odds model was fitted well with p-value greater than 5% level of significance.
Conclusion: This paper highlights the significant risk factors that are affecting the child’s health. Recognizing and understanding the identified risk factors would be very helpful in prevention of malnutrition in Pakistan.
Propuesta de uso de escenarios virtuales móviles como estrategia didáctica de Matemáticas Básicas para Sordos
Authors: Sánchez Orea Alfonso , Lagunes Barradas Virginia , Navarro Guerrero María de los Ángeles , Vargas Cerdán Dolores 
Published: October 2021

El manejo de las matemáticas es una habilidad propia del cerebro y como todas las habilidades dependen más de cómo las percibimos que de las propias capacidades del individuo, utilizar un método de aprendizaje que permita la experimentación de operaciones matemáticas en escenarios virtuales con el fin de definir procesos mentales específicos sin importar dichas capacidades. El lenguaje no provee solamente un vocabulario, sino que es un componente básico en la formación de conceptos y procesos mentales, incluyendo al aprendizaje de las matemáticas; considerando que los sordos se comunican por medio del lenguaje de señas, la conceptualización de términos matemáticos por medio de dicho lenguaje pudiera ser un problema difícil de resolver. Los mayores retos en el desarrollo de software educativo para sordos, es que éste sea comprendido, aceptado y utilizado por estos usuarios, lo que conlleva a la utilización de una metodología pedagógica adecuada en conjunto con un diseño, en este caso, de un escenario virtual, totalmente centrado en este usuario.
The management of mathematics is a skill of the brain and as all abilities depend more on how we perceive them than on the individual's own abilities, use a learning method that allows the experimentation of mathematical operations in virtual scenarios in order to define Specific mental processes regardless of those capabilities. Language provides not only a vocabulary, but is a basic component in the formation of concepts and mental processes, including the learning of mathematics; Considering that the deaf are communicated through sign language, the conceptualization of mathematical terms through such language could be a difficult problem to solve. The major challenges in the development of educational software for the deaf are that it is understood, accepted and used by these users, which leads to the use of an appropriate pedagogical methodology in conjunction with a design, in this case, a virtual scenario. Totally focused on this user.