bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicians' and nurses' documentation practices in palliative and hospice care
Authors: Natuhwera Germans , Rabwoni Martha , Ellis Peter , Merriman Anne 
Published: July 2021

Background: Health workers are likely to document patients' care inaccurately, especially when using new and revised case tools, and this could negatively impact patient care. Aim: To assess nurses' and clinicians' documentation practices when using a new patients' continuation case sheet (PCCS) and explore nurses' and clinicians' experiences regarding the documentation of patients' information in the new PCCS. The purpose of introducing the PCCS was to improve the continuity of care for patients attending clinics at which they were unlikely to consistently see the same clinician or nurse. Method: This was a mixed-methods study. The cross-sectional inquiry retrospectively reviewed 100 case notes of active patients in a hospice and palliative care programme. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with constructs formulated from the new PCCS under study. The qualitative element was face-to-face, audio-recorded, open-ended interviews with a purposive sample of one palliative care clinician and four palliative care nurse specialists. Thematic analysis was used. Results: Patients' biogeographic information was missing in 5% to 10% case notes. Spiritual and psychosocial issues were not documented in 42.6% of patients' case notes and vital signs, in 49.2%. The poorest documentation practices were observed in the past medical history part of the PCCS, noted in 40%–63% of the 100 case notes included in this study. Four themes emerged from interviews with clinicians and nurses: (1) what remains unclear and challenges; (2) comparing the past with the present; (3) experiential thoughts, and; (4) transition and adapting to change. Conclusion: The PCCS seems to be a comprehensive and simple tool that can be used to document patients' information at subsequent visits. To increase its reliability and validity, clinicians and nurses need training on how to use it. Clinicians and nurses need to prioritise accurate and complete documentation of patient care in the PCCS to ensure quality care provision. This study should be extended to other sites using similar tools to ensure representative and generalisable findings.
Perception of spiritual care among palliative care nurses: cross-sectional study in eastern Turkey
Authors: Cengiz Zeliha , Olmaz Dilek , Turan Mensure 
Published: July 2021

Background: Spiritual care is an integral part of palliative care. A nurse's perception of spiritual care is an effective factor for giving spiritual care. Aim: To determine the perception of spiritual care and the variables that might affect the perception of spiritual care among palliative care nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 51 nurses working in the palliative care units. Perceptions of spiritual care was measured with the Spiritual Support Perception Scale. Findings: The mean score of the perception of the spiritual care of the nurses was found to be 64.22±9.25. A negative correlation was found between the nurses' mean score of the perception of spiritual care and the number of patients to whom those nurses provided daily care. Conclusion: This study has found that palliative care nurses had a high level of perception of spiritual care. Based on the study results, it was determined that the number of patients receiving daily care was a predictor for the perception of spiritual care.
Effects of Sunlamp-Based Lighting Mode on Growth Performance, Survival Rate, Stress Response, and Oxidative Stress of Juvenile Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis)in a Greenhouse
Authors: Li Haijun , Zhao Jian , Ji Baimin , Ye Zhangying , Zhu Songming , Zhou Caiping 
Published: July 2021

HighlightsSunlamps with UV and visible light were used in large-scale farming of Chinese soft-shelled turtles in a greenhouse.The effects of lighting mode on the growth performance, survival rate, stress response, and oxidative stress of juvenile Chinese soft-shelled turtles were studied.Lighting mode had significant impacts on survival rate, stress, and oxidative stress of Chinese soft-shelled turtles.Lighting the basking area only was the optimal lighting mode and caused less stress for Chinese soft-shelled turtles.Abstract. To investigate the effects of sunlamp-based lighting mode on the growth performance, survival rate, stress response, and oxidative stress of juvenile soft-shelled turtles in a greenhouse, four lighting modes with three replicates were used in this study: lighting the basking area and water simultaneously (LBW), lighting the water only (LW), lighting the basking area only (LB), and no light (NL). Results showed that the final weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate had no significant differences among treatments. The survival rate was significantly lower in LBW than in NL, while no significant differences were observed among NL, LB, and LW. On the physiological level, serum cortisol level was significantly lower in LB compared to the other two treatments with light, and glucose level was significantly lower in LB than in LW and NL. With regard to oxidative stress, indexes indicated that the turtles suffered less oxidative stress in LB. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was significantly lower in LB compared to the other three treatments. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower in LB, as well as in LW and NL, than in LBW, and no significant differences were found among LB, LW, and NL. Additionally, complement 3 (C3) was significantly higher in LB than in NL, which indicated that the turtles had higher immune-related protein in LB. On the whole, the results demonstrated that lighting mode had significant impacts on survival rate, stress response, and oxidative stress. It can be concluded that lighting the basking area only is the optimal lighting mode for soft-shelled turtles in a greenhouse. From the perspective of breeding welfare, soft-shelled turtles are suggested to be provided with a separate area for basking when cultured in a greenhouse. Keywords: Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Lighting mode, Oxidative stress, Stress response, Survival rate.
Polarization conversion in anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces originating from bound states in the continuum
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Zhou Yong , Ma Xiaohui , Fang Wentan , Zhang Wei , Gao Weiqing 
Published: July 2021

We use the semianalytical Cartesian multipole method to investigate the light transmission and reflection spectra of anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces, and extend the multipole decompositions method to account for cross-polarization conversion effects. We observe sharp high-

Q

resonances arising from a distortion of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in asymmetric dielectric metasurfaces, i.e., quasibound states in the continuum. In addition, by further introducing in-plane symmetric breaking perturbation, the polarization conversions of linearly polarized light can be achieved through quasibound states in the continuum. With the aid of temporal coupled-mode theory, we can obtain the limit of cross-conversion under single high-

Q

resonance, i.e., 0.25. Our work will help to design dielectric metasurfaces to control the polarization states of light.
Circularly polarized optical microscope using a low aberration liquid crystal lens
Authors: Chen Wei-Wei , Pan Jui-Wen , Jeng Shie-Chang 
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate a circularly polarized optical microscope (POM) by incorporating a hole-patterned electrode (HPE) liquid crystal (LC) lens fabricated by photoalignment. The focal plane is controlled by voltages on the HPE LC lens with a tuning range of 2.2 mm without any mechanical movement. The diopter can be controlled from 0 to

−

5.0

D

, and the wavefront optical path difference is less than

0.25

λ

for our proposed HPE LC lens. Such a low aberration is obtained, because the LC directors are well aligned along with the axially symmetrical electrical field, and there is no observed twist deformation of the LC directors. Finally, we applied our circularly polarized POM to inspect the reflectance properties of several beetles, and we find that the “Chrysochroa toulgoeti” beetle exhibits right circularly polarized reflectance from some small areas on its wings.
500  μm field-of-view probe-based confocal microendoscope for large-area visualization in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Li Hua , Hao Zhengyi , Huang Jiangfeng , Lu Tingting , Liu Qian , Fu Ling 
Published: July 2021

Rapid large-area tissue imaging at the cellular resolution is important for clinical diagnosis. We present a probe-based confocal microendoscope (pCM) with a field-of-view (FOV) diameter over 500 μm, lateral resolution of 1.95 μm, and outer diameter of 2.6 mm, compatible with the biopsy channel of conventional gastroscopes. Compared to a conventional pCM, our system’s FOV increased by a factor of 4 while maintaining the probe size and cellular resolution—comparable to the FOV of Zeiss Axio Observer’s

20
×
/
0.8

numerical aperture objective lens. Ex vivo imaging of wide areas in healthy and diseased rat gastrointestinal tract tissues demonstrates the system’s practicality.
A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease
Authors: Carstens-Kass Jessica , Paulini Kayla , Lypaczewski Patrick , Matlashewski Greg 
Published: July 2021

The leishmanin skin test (LST) has been used for decades to detect exposure and immunity to the parasiteLeishmania, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. In the LST,Leishmaniaantigen (leishmanin) is intradermally injected into the forearm. In an individual who has been previously infected, a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction results in a measurable induration at the site of the injection, indicating that previous exposure toLeishmaniahas resulted in the development of cell-mediated immunity. LST positivity is associated with long-lasting protective immunity against reinfection, most notably as reported for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Despite efforts over the past few decades, leishmanin antigen is no longer produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions anywhere in the world. Consequently, the use of the LST in epidemiological studies has declined in favor of serological and molecular tests. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the LST and justification for the reintroduction of leishmanin. A GMP-grade leishmanin can be used to detect immunity in vivo by the LST and can be investigated for use in an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), which may serve as an in vitro version of the LST. The LST will be a valuable tool for surveillance and epidemiological studies in support of the VL elimination programs and as a surrogate marker of immunity in vaccine clinical trials.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted using PubMed as the primary database, with MeSH terms “leishmanin skin test” OR “Montenegro test” OR “Montenegro skin test.” Articles written in English that describe the history or standardization of leishmanin, the use of leishmanin in an IGRA, or the use of the LST in epidemiological studies or vaccine trials were prioritized in our appraisal of the literature.
Ending the HIV epidemic using National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS): Recommendations based on DC model
Authors: Das Suparna , Medina Richard , Nicolosi Emily , Agopian Anya , Kuo Irene , Opoku Jenevieve , Allston Adam , Kharfen Michael 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Social network strategies have been used by health departments to identify undiagnosed cases of HIV. Heterosexual cycle (HET4) of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) is a social network strategy implemented in jurisdictions. The main objectives of this research are to 1) evaluate the utility of the NHBS HET cycle data for network analysis; 2) to apply statistical analysis in support of previous HIV research, as well as to develop new research results focused on demographic variables and prevention/intervention with respect to heterosexual HIV risk; and 3) to employ NHBS data to inform policy with respect to the EHE plan.

Method
We used data from the 2016 NHBS HET4 (DC). A total of 747 surveys were collected. We used the free social-network analysis package, GEPHI, for all network visualization using adjacency matrix representation. We additionally conducted logistic regression analysis to examine the association of selected variables with HIV status in three models representing 1) demographic and economic effects, 2) behavioral effects, and 3) prevention-intervention effects.

Results
The results showed 3% were tested positive. Seed 1 initiated the largest networks with 426 nodes (15 positives); seed 4 with 273 nodes (6 positives). Seed 3 had 35 nodes (2 positives). All 23 HIV diagnoses were recruited from 4 zip-codes across DC. The risk of testing positive was higher among people high-school dropouts (Relative Risk (RR) (25.645); 95 CI% 5.699, 115.987), unemployed ((4.267); 1.295, 14.064), returning citizens ((14.319); 4.593, 44.645). We also found in the final model higher association of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness among those tested negative ((4.783); 1.042, 21.944) and HIV intervention in the past 12 months with those tested positive ((17.887); 2.350,136.135).

Conclusion
The network visualization was used to address the primary aim of the analysis-evaluate the success of the implementation of the NHBS as a social network strategy to find new diagnoses. NHBS remains one of the strongest behavioral supplements for DC’s HIV planning activities. As part of the evaluation process our analysis helps to understand the impact of demographic, behavioral, and prevention efforts on peoples’ HIV status. We strongly recommend other jurisdictions use network visualizations to evaluate the efficacy in reaching hidden populations.
The influence of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on postoperative outcomes in end-stage renal disease patients: A retrospective observation study
Authors: Cho Ho Bum , Kim Mun Gyu , Park Sun Young , Song Sanghoon , Jang Youn Sil , Park Suyeon , Lee Hyun Keun , Yoo Jae Hwa , Chung Ji Won , Kim Sang Ho 
Published: July 2021

Background
To determine whether the anesthetic method of propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is associated with postoperative outcome in ESRD patients, we evaluated the incidence of postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE), comparing propofol TIVA versus anesthesia with volatile anesthesia in ESRD patients.

Methods
Retrospectively, we identified cases with ESRD patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were divided into those who received only volatile anesthesia (volatile group) and those who received only propofol TIVA (TIVA group). The incidence of MACE and potential confounding variables were compared separately in a univariate logistic model and subsequently by multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Among the 2576 cases in ESRD patients, 1374 were in the TIVA group and 1202 were in the volatile group. The multivariate analysis included 12 factors, including the anesthesia method, of which five factors were significant. Factors that were associated with a significantly lower MACE risk included preoperative chloride concentration (OR: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–0.99), baseline SBP (OR: 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98–0.99), and propofol TIVA (OR: 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22–0.60).

Conclusions
We inferred that the anesthetic method associated with the postoperative outcome in patients with ESRD.
Perceived transcultural self-efficacy and its associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Berhanu Robera Demissie , Tesema Abebe Abera , Deme Mesfin Beharu , Kanfe Shuma Gosha 
Published: July 2021

Background
Transcultural self-efficacy is a nurse’s perception of his or her own ability to accomplish activities effectively for culturally diverse clients. This self-efficacy may be affected by different factors, either positively or negatively. Quality care can be improved significantly when nurses provide patient-centered care that considers cultural background of the patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess perceived transcultural self-efficacy and its associated factors among nurses working at Jimma Medical Center.

Methods
Facility-based cross-sectional study with both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection was conducted among 244 nurses and 10 key informants from 20 May to 20 June 2020. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with transcultural self-efficacy. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed thematically. Quantitative results were integrated with qualitative results.

Results
A total of 236 nurses participated in the study making the response rate 96.7%. The mean transcultural self-efficacy score was 2.89 ± 0.59. Sex, work experience, intercultural communication, cultural sensitivity, interpersonal communication, and cultural motivation were significantly associated with transcultural self-efficacy. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted and the findings of qualitative data yielded four major themes.

Conclusion
The level of perceived transcultural self-efficacy was moderate among nurses. Transcultural self-efficacy of nurses varies with several factors including sex, experience, intercultural communication, cultural sensitivity, interpersonal communication, and cultural motivation. This calls for the need to offer transcultural nursing training for nurses.
Dispersive effects and focused biodistribution of recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20: A locally acting and transiently active permeation enhancer
Authors: Kang David W. , Bittner Beate , Sugarman Barry J. , Zepeda Monica L. , Printz Marie A. 
Published: July 2021

Background
Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20) facilitates the dispersion and absorption of subcutaneously administered therapeutic agents. This study aimed to characterize the transient, local action of rHuPH20 in the subcutaneous (SC) space using focused biodistribution and dye dispersion studies conducted in mice.

Materials and methods
To evaluate the biodistribution of rHuPH20, mice were intradermally administered rHuPH20 (80 U). The enzymatic activity of rHuPH20 was analyzed in the skin, lymph nodes, and plasma. Animal model sensitivity was determined by intravenous administration of rHuPH20 (80 U) to the tail vein. To evaluate local dispersion, mice received an intradermal injection of rHuPH20 followed by an intradermal injection of Trypan Blue dye at a contralateral site 45 minutes later. Dye dispersion was measured using a digital caliper.

Results
After intradermal rHuPH20 injection, enzymatic activity was detected within the skin near the injection site with levels decreasing rapidly after 15 minutes. There was no clear evidence of systemic exposure after administration of rHuPH20, and no discernible rHuPH20 activity was observed in lymph or plasma as a function of time after dosing. In the dye dispersion study, delivery of rHuPH20 at one site did not impact dye dispersion at a distal skin site.

Conclusion
These observations support the classification of rHuPH20 as a transiently active and locally acting permeation enhancer.
Trauma-focused treatments for depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dominguez Sarah K. , Matthijssen Suzy J. M. A. , Lee Christopher William 
Published: July 2021

Background
Trauma-focused treatments (TFTs) have demonstrated efficacy at decreasing depressive symptoms in individuals with PTSD. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of TFTs for individuals with depression as their primary concern.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted for RCTs published before October 2019 in Cochrane CENTRAL, Pubmed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and additional sources. Trials examining the impact of TFTs on participants with depression were included. Trials focusing on individuals with PTSD or another mental health condition were excluded. The primary outcome was the effect size for depression diagnosis or depressive symptoms. Heterogeneity, study quality, and publication bias were also explored.

Results
Eleven RCTs were included (n = 567) with ten of these using EMDR as the TFT and one using imagery rescripting. Analysis suggested these TFTs were effective in reducing depressive symptoms post-treatment with a large effect size [d = 1.17 (95% CI: 0.58~ 1.75)]. Removal of an outlier saw the effect size remain large [d = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.48~ 1.17)], while the heterogeneity decreased (I2 = 66%). Analysis of the 10 studies that used EMDR also showed a large effect [d = 1.30 (95% CI: 0.67~1.91)]. EMDR was superior to non trauma-focused CBT [d = 0.66 (95% CI: 0.31~1.02)] and analysis of EMDR and imagery rescripting studies suggest superiority over inactive control conditions [d = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.53~ 1.86)]. Analysis of follow-up data also supported the use of EMDR with this population [d = 0.71 (95% CI: 1.04~0.38)]. No publication bias was identified.

Conclusions
Current evidence suggests that EMDR can be an effective treatment for depression. There were insufficient RCTs on other trauma-focused interventions to conclude whether TFTs in general were effective for treating depression. Larger studies with robust methodology using EMDR and other trauma-focused interventions are needed to build on these findings.
Sports safety matting diminishes cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and increases rescuer perceived exertion
Authors: Kingston Thomas , Tiller Nicholas B. , Partington Elle , Ahmed Mukhtar , Jones Gareth , Johnson Mark I. , Callender Nigel A. 
Published: July 2021

Objectives
Compliant surfaces beneath a casualty diminish the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in clinical environments. To examine this issue in a sporting environment, we assessed chest compression quality and rescuer exertion upon compliant sports safety matting.

Methods
Twenty-seven advanced life support providers volunteered (13 male/14 female; mass = 79.0 ± 12.5 kg; stature = 1.77 ± 0.09 m). Participants performed 5 × 2 min, randomized bouts of continuous chest compressions on a mannequin, upon five surfaces: solid floor; low-compliance matting; low-compliance matting with a backboard; high-compliance matting; high-compliance matting with a backboard. Measures included chest compression depth and rate, percentage of adequate compressions, and rescuer heart rate and perceived exertion.

Results
Chest compression depth and rate were significantly lower upon high-compliance matting relative to other surfaces (p<0.05). The percentage of adequate compressions (depth ≥50 mm) was lowest upon high-compliance matting (40 ± 39%) versus low-compliance matting (60 ± 36%) and low-compliance matting with a backboard (59 ± 39%). Perceived exertion was significantly greater upon high-compliance matting versus floor, low-compliance matting, and low-compliance matting with a backboard (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Providers of CPR should be alerted to the detrimental effects of compliant safety matting in a sporting environment and prepare to alter the targeted compression depth and rescuer rotation intervals accordingly.