bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically Translatable Prevention of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity by Dexrazoxane Is Mediated by Topoisomerase II Beta and Not Metal Chelation
Authors: Jirkovský Eduard , Jirkovská Anna , Bavlovič-Piskáčková Hana , Skalická Veronika , Pokorná Zuzana , Karabanovich Galina , Kollárová-Brázdová Petra , Kubeš Jan , Lenčová-Popelová Olga , Mazurová Yvona , Adamcová Michaela , Lyon Alexander R. , Roh Jaroslav , Šimůnek Tomáš , Štěrbová-Kovaříková Petra , Štěrba Martin 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Anthracycline-induced heart failure has been traditionally attributed to direct iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. Dexrazoxane (DEX)—the only drug approved for its prevention—has been believed to protect the heart via its iron-chelating metabolite ADR-925. However, direct evidence is lacking, and recently proposed TOP2B (topoisomerase II beta) hypothesis challenged the original concept.

Methods:
Pharmacokinetically guided study of the cardioprotective effects of clinically used DEX and its chelating metabolite ADR-925 (administered exogenously) was performed together with mechanistic experiments. The cardiotoxicity was induced by daunorubicin in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro and in a chronic rabbit model in vivo (n=50).

Results:

Intracellular concentrations of ADR-925 in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes and rabbit hearts after treatment with exogenous ADR-925 were similar or exceeded those observed after treatment with the parent DEX. However, ADR-925 did not protect neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes against anthracycline toxicity, whereas DEX exhibited significant protective effects (10–100 µmol/L;
P
<0.001). Unlike DEX, ADR-925 also had no significant impact on daunorubicin-induced mortality, blood congestion, and biochemical and functional markers of cardiac dysfunction in vivo (eg, end point left ventricular fractional shortening was 32.3±14.7%, 33.5±4.8%, 42.7±1.0%, and 41.5±1.1% for the daunorubicin, ADR-925 [120 mg/kg]+daunorubicin, DEX [60 mg/kg]+daunorubicin, and control groups, respectively;
P
<0.05). DEX, but not ADR-925, inhibited and depleted TOP2B and prevented daunorubicin-induced genotoxic damage. TOP2B dependency of the cardioprotective effects was probed and supported by experiments with diastereomers of a new DEX derivative.

Conclusions:
This study strongly supports a new mechanistic paradigm that attributes clinically effective cardioprotection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity to interactions with TOP2B but not metal chelation and protection against direct oxidative damage.
A Novel Mechanism Underlying Inflammatory Smooth Muscle Phenotype in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Cai Dunpeng , Sun Chenming , Zhang Gui , Que Xingyi , Fujise Ken , Weintraub Neal L , Chen Shi-You 
Published: September 2021

Rationale:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent and localized dilatation of abdominal aorta with potentially fatal consequence of aortic rupture. No effective pharmacological approach has been identified to limit AAA progression and rupture. AAA is characterized by extensive aortic wall matrix degradation that contributes to arterial wall remodeling and eventual rupture, in which smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic transition and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), especially MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and MMP9, play critical roles.

Objective:
Our previous study showed that ADAR1 (adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 1) regulates SMC phenotype, which prompted us to study if ADAR1 is involved in AAA development.

Methods and Results:

We used Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion ApoE
−/−
mouse model combined with ADAR1 global and SMC-specific knockout to study the role of ADAR1 in AAA formation/dissection. Aortic transplantation was conducted to determine the importance of vascular cell ADAR1 in AAA development/dissection. Primary cultured SMC were used to study how ADAR1 regulates the inflammatory SMC phenotype and MMP production/activity. Patient specimens were obtained to investigate the relevance of ADAR1 expression to human AAA disease. ADAR1 was induced in abdominal aortic SMC in both mouse and human AAA tissues. Heterozygous knockout of ADAR1 diminished the Ang II–induced AAA/dissection in ApoE
−/−
mice. Mouse aortic transplantation showed that ADAR1 in vascular cells was essential for AAA formation. SMC-specific ADAR1 knockout reduced experimental AAA formation/dissection. Mechanistically, ADAR1 interacted with HuR (human antigen R) to increase the stability of MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA, leading to increased MMP levels and activities.

Conclusions:
ADAR1 is novel regulator of AAA development/dissection, and thus may represent a potential new therapeutic target to hinder AAA growth and rupture.
An Implicit – Not Explicit – Understanding of Hurricane Storms
Authors: Whitmer Daphne E. , Sims Valerie K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe goal of this research was to examine students’ risk perception of hurricanes and hurricane-related storms to address a critical gap in the literature. Participants were asked to rate their perceptions of a tropical storm, tropical depression, and category 1 through 5 hurricanes on five dimensions and define the storms based on wind speed. Lastly, individual differences in sex and growing up on the coast were examined to determine whether they explain differences in risk perceptions. Findings showed that participants’ perceptions of category 1 through 5 hurricanes followed a linear pattern and each pair was perceived to be significantly different. However, participants rated tropical storm and tropical depression as more severe than a category 1 hurricane and were unable to define any of the storms based on wind speed. In fact, coastal natives were less accurate at defining the storms and believed the low-tier storms to be less severe than non-coastal natives. This research is the first to show that people implicitly understand the Saffir-Simpson Scale that defines category 1 through category 5 hurricanes, but not the lesser-tiered storms. The present work demonstrates a need for enhanced education of hurricanes, as students do not make important distinctions at the lower-end of the hurricane scale.
Walking Impairment Questionnaire and Walking Tests are Reliable Indicators of Success of Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Poredos Pavel , Boc Vinko , Zlajpah Urska , Mangaroska Ana Spirkoska , Poredos Peter 
Published: September 2021

The functional capacity of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represents an important indicator of patient health and quality of life. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the validity of a walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) compared with walking tests for the estimation of the therapeutic effect of lower limb revascularization. The study included 36 patients with PAD in whom successful percutaneous revascularization of a lower limb was performed due to disabling intermittent claudication. Before the revascularization procedure and 4–6 weeks after successful revascularization, clinical examination, ankle brachial index (ABI) measurement, 6-min walk test, treadmill test, and WIQ were performed. After revascularization, significant improvement in walking capacity was shown by both 6-min walk test and treadmill exercise test as well as with WIQ. However, the increase in ABI was borderline. Significant correlations between improvement of 6-min walk test and treadmill exercise test results and the sum of WIQ points were found. The ABI was significantly correlated with treadmill maximal walking distance only. According to our results, the WIQ correlates well with walking tests and is a reliable indicator of effective revascularization of lower limb arterial occlusions, even in patients with a nonsignificant improvement of the ABI.
Shifting Peaks and Cumulative Consequences: Disqualifying Convictions in High-security Jobs
Authors: Denver Megan , Behlendorf Brandon 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Disqualifying conviction lists (DCLs) bar applicants with certain convictions within specified timeframes from employment. Using proposed federal legislative changes in the aviation sector as a case study, we examine whether convictions under the existing policy are associated with subsequent arrest. Then we consider the implications of proposed expansions—arrests instead of convictions and a longer look-back window—on employment restrictions. Methods: Since DCLs exclude ineligible applicants with conviction records, we use a large, single-state sample of diverse criminal histories. We compare subsequent arrest rates across offense types, consider variations in hazard patterns, and project exclusion estimates based on current and anticipated policy reforms. Results: Only half of the disqualifying offenses have consistently higher recidivism rates than non-disqualifying offense types. Over 20 percent of the sample would be barred from employment, policy extensions double this estimate, and exclusions are age-graded, shifting a peak conviction age of 20 years old to a peak “consequence age” of 28. Conclusions: Including a narrower set of offenses would reduce those automatically disqualified in our study context by nearly 20 percent, or 39,000 individuals. Instead of expanding the DCL scope, successful criteria should be both effective in prediction and narrow in application.
The Long-Term Impact of Undergraduate Internships and Research Experiences in Psychology: An Alumni Survey Study
Authors: Budesheim Thomas L. , Khanna Maya M. , Klanecky Earl Alicia K. , Guenther Corey L. 
Published: September 2021

Background Faculty tout the value of undergraduate internships and research experience, but the long-term benefits are unclear for students pursuing different careers. Objective We assessed the self-perceived benefits of internships and research experiences for alumni pursuing different careers, as well as how enduring these perceived benefits were. Method Psychology alumni (N = 498) rated their skills garnered as an undergraduate, the usefulness of their psychology training, and overall satisfaction with their psychology education. We examined the effects of internships and research experience on their ratings and how ratings varied by chosen post-graduation path and graduation year. Results Both internships and research experiences were associated with higher ratings of skills, greater perceived usefulness of their psychology degree, and higher satisfaction with their education even decades later. Alumni entering the workforce found internships more beneficial than did those entering graduate or professional programs. Those who had both an internship and research experience perceived significantly greater benefits than those who had only one type of experience. Conclusion Undergraduate internships and research experiences have enduring positive impacts but are differentially useful depending upon the alum’s chosen career path. Teaching Implications Faculty should encourage students to pursue experiences most beneficial for the student’s career trajectory.
Successful Endoscopic Sclerotherapy Using Lauromacrogol Injection for Laryngopharyngeal Hemangioma
Authors: Qu Hongyang , Lei Xia , Hu Lin , Yin Xiao , Du Xiaodong , Zhang Lei , Sun Changling 
Published: September 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of local lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of hypopharyngeal hemangioma. Methods: From Aug 2015 to May 2021, 13 consecutive patients suffering from hypopharyngeal hemangioma underwent local lauromacrogol injection assisted by endoscope in this prospective clinical series. All patients were followed up regularly and the therapeutic effects and complications were observed. Results: A total 13 of patients were enrolled, including 11 men and 2 women, with an average age of 48.5 years (range 25–76 years). The sizes of the hemangioma ranged from 0.5 × 1.0 cm to 3.5 × 3.5 cm. After 1 to 40 months of follow-up, 12 patients were cured and 1 was significantly effective after 1 to 4 (mean 1.8) injections. All patients suffered varying degrees of postoperative pain or foreign body sensation. 3 patients were significantly affected by local swelling of the injection site, 2 of which underwent prophylactic tracheostomy postoperatively and 1 patient returned to the ward with endotracheal intubation postoperatively. No complications such as mucosal ulceration, fever, and allergies occurred. Conclusions: Lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective method to treat hypopharyngeal hemangioma.
Psychological Autopsy Studies of Suicide in South East Asia
Authors: Arafat S.M. Yasir , Menon Vikas , Varadharajan Natarajan , Kar Sujita Kumar 
Published: September 2021

Background: Psychiatric disorders have been identified as an important risk factor for suicide. However, different psychological autopsy studies have revealed different prevalences at different times and places. Objective: We aimed to see the distribution of psychological autopsy studies and the prevalence of mental disorders among suicides and identify major risk factors in Southeast Asian countries. Method: We scrutinized psychological autopsy studies published in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia (SEA) region countries. We also searched the available bibliographies to identify the studies in the region so that all the possible articles could be included. Results: Out of the 11 countries, 14 psychological autopsy studies were identified in five SEA countries (Bangladesh [1], India [9], Indonesia [1], Nepal [1], and Sri Lanka [2]). Seven studies (50%) used a case-control study design, and eight (57.1%) were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in case-control studies was from 37% to 88%. Stressful life event was identified as a major risk factor in all the case-control studies. Conclusion: Psychological autopsy studies have not been conducted in 6 out of 11 countries of the SEA region. The presence of pre-existing psychiatric morbidity and stressful life events were the two most common risk factors noted across settings, even though there is wide heterogeneity in samples, study design, instruments, and study settings.
Adaptation and continuous learning: integrative review of coping strategies of palliative care professionals
Authors: Sapeta Paula , Centeno Carlos , Belar Alazne , Arantzamendi María 
Published: September 2021

Background: Coping is essential to manage palliative care professionals’ challenges. The focus has been on the effects of coping mechanism; however, little is known about coping itself in palliative care. Aim: To synthesise evidence of coping strategies in palliative care professionals, and how different strategies play roles over time. Design: Systematically conducted integrative review. Data sources: PubMed; CINAHL; Medline; PsycINFO and B-ON were searched (1996–2021) combining ‘coping’ AND ‘palliative care’. A predefined data extraction sheet was developed to report data. Two researchers performed constant comparative analysis using Nvivo®. Results: Thirty-one studies were included. Four main strategies with recurrent reference to time were found: (a) proactive coping, involving activities to achieve self-confidence and control situations and emotions; (b) self-care based coping, including self-protection and self-awareness activities, with behavioural disconnection; (c) self-transformation coping, involving activities to accept limits; and (d) encountering deep professional meaning, is a coping mechanism based on meaning, frequently considering the deepest meaning of work. The dynamic and influencing factors were training, team interaction, professional motivation and family. They were usually protective factors, though sometimes they represented risk factors. The emotional burden associated with healthcare and systemic stressors were always risk factors. An explanatory model describes a complex and dynamic process, in which everyday strategies and more introspective strategies are combined. Conclusions: The model showed a process of adaptation and learning to persevere in palliative care. It changes over time under factors and strategies, and evolves in a personal and professional transformation, parallel to the working life. It would be worth assessing coping in healthcare professionals who chose to leave palliative care and to investigate the reasons they did so and their coping mechanisms.
Cerebral haemodynamic response to somatosensory stimulation in preterm lambs and 7–10-day old lambs born at term: Direct synchrotron microangiography assessment
Authors: Inocencio Ishmael M , Tran Nhi T , Nakamura Shinji , Khor Song J , Wiersma Manon , Stoecker Katja , Maksimenko Anton , Polglase Graeme R , Walker David W , Pearson James T , Wong Flora Y 
Published: September 2021

Neurovascular coupling has been well-defined in the adult brain, but variable and inconsistent responses have been observed in the neonatal brain. The mechanisms that underlie functional haemodynamic responses in the developing brain are unknown. Synchrotron radiation (SR) microangiography enables in vivo high-resolution imaging of the cerebral vasculature. We exploited SR microangiography to investigate the microvascular changes underlying the cerebral haemodynamic response in preterm (n = 7) and 7–10-day old term lambs (n = 4), following median nerve stimulation of 1.8, 4.8 and 7.8 sec durations. Increasing durations of somatosensory stimulation significantly increased the number of cortical microvessels of ≤200 µm diameter in 7–10-day old term lambs (p < 0.05) but not preterm lambs where, in contrast, stimulation increased the diameter of cerebral microvessels with a baseline diameter of ≤200 µm. Preterm lambs demonstrated positive functional responses with increased oxyhaemoglobin measured by near infrared spectroscopy, while 7–10-day old term lambs demonstrated both positive and negative responses. Our findings suggest the vascular mechanisms underlying the functional haemodynamic response differ between the preterm and 7–10-day old term brain. The preterm brain depends on vasodilatation of microvessels without recruitment of additional vessels, suggesting a limited capacity to mount higher cerebral haemodynamic responses when faced with prolonged or stronger neural stimulation.
Comparison of polyetheretherketone cables and stainless steel wires for sternal fixation after median sternotomy
Authors: Shu Duanchao , Li Jianpeng , Zhao Yixin , Yang Yan 
Published: September 2021

Objective To compare the sternal fixation effect of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cable product and stainless steel wire after median sternotomy. Methods A multicentre retrospective clinical trial was conducted in patients that underwent median sternotomy for a range of surgical reasons. The sternum was fixed using PEEK sternal cables in the experimental group and stainless steel wires in the control group. The general patient state, product manoeuvrability, bone and wound healing state and blood test results were evaluated at seven visits during the preoperative, surgical and follow-up periods. Results A total of 108 patients (54 in each group) were included in the analysis at the final 180-day follow-up. The sternum was successfully closed using PEEK cables or steel wires in all patients and all healed well. No pathological changes were found on the X-ray imaging. Computed tomography imaging confirmed ideal fracture healing. No significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group in outcomes. Conclusion PEEK cables are easy to implant and show desirable effectiveness in sternal fixation without any observed side-effects.
Predicting medication nonadherence risk in the Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus population – establishment of a new risk nomogram model: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fa-Cai , Chang Wei , Nie Song-Liu , Shen Bing-Xiang , He Chun-Yuan , Zhao Wei-Chen , Liu Xiao-Yan , Lu Jing-Tao 
Published: September 2021

Objective To investigate the risk factors of medication nonadherence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to establish a risk nomogram model. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with T2DM, which were divided into two groups based on their scores on the Morisky Medication Adherence scale. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors for medication nonadherence. A risk model was then established using a nomogram. The accuracy of the prediction model was evaluated using centrality measurement index and receiver operating characteristic curves. Internal verification was evaluated using bootstrapping validation. Results A total of 338 patients with T2DM who included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that the educational level, monthly per capita income, drug affordability, the number of drugs used, daily doses of drugs and the time spent taking medicine were all independent risk factors for medication nonadherence. Based on these six risk factors, a nomogram model was established to predict the risk of medication nonadherence, which was shown to be very reliable. Bootstrapping validated the nonadherence nomogram model for patients with T2DM. Conclusions This nomogram model could be used to evaluate the risks of drug nonadherence in patients with T2DM.
Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a community: Beverly Hills, California, 2006–2020
Authors: Schievink Wouter I , Maya M Marcel , Moser Franklin G , Simon Paul , Nuño Miriam 
Published: September 2021

Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is diagnosed with an increasing frequency, but epidemiologic data are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population. Methods Using a prospectively maintained registry, all patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension residing in Beverly Hills, California, evaluated at our Medical Center between 2006 and 2020 were identified in this population-based incidence study. Our Medical Center is a quaternary referral center for spontaneous intracranial hypotension and is located within 1.5 miles from downtown Beverly Hills. Results A total of 19 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were identified. There were 12 women and seven men with a mean age of 54.5 years (range, 28 to 88 years). The average annual incidence rate for all ages was 3.7 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0 to 5.3), 4.3 per 100,000 for women (95% CI, 1.9 to 6.7) and 2.9 per 100,000 population for men (95% CI, 0.8 to 5.1). Conclusion This study, for the first time, provides incidence rates for spontaneous intracranial hypotension in a defined population.