bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and projections of under-5 mortality in Bangladesh including the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services
Authors: Khan Mostaured Ali , Khan Nuruzzaman , Rahman Obaidur , Mustagir Golam , Hossain Kamal , Islam Rafiqul , Khan Hafiz T. A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study examines trends and puts forward projections of under-5 mortality (U5M) in Bangladesh and identifies the effects of maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services.MethodsData from seven waves of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (1994–2014) were analyzed for trends and projections of U5M and a Chi-square (χ2) test was used to identify if there was any association with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and use of healthcare services. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the effects of fertility behaviors and healthcare usage on the occurrence of U5M adjusting with confounders.ResultsU5M declined from 82.5 to 41.0 per 1000 livebirths during 1994–2014 and is projected to further reduce to 17.6 per 1000 livebirths by 2030. The study identified a noticeable regional variation in U5M with maternal high-risk fertility behaviours including age at birth <18 years (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.23–2.76) and birth interval <24 months (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02–2.37) found to be significant determinants. There was a 39–53% decline in this rate of mortality among women that had used antenatal care services at least four times (aOR, 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27–0.97), delivery care (aOR, 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24–0.95), and had received postnatal care (aOR, 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41–0.91) in their last birth. Cesarean section was found to be associated with a 51% reduction in U5M (aOR, 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29–0.82) compared to its non-use.ConclusionThe Sustainable Development Goals require a U5M rate of 25 per 1000 livebirths to be achieved by 2030. This study suggests that with the current trend of reduction, Bangladesh will achieve this target before the deadline. This study also found that maternal high-risk fertility behaviours and non-use of maternal healthcare services are very prevalent in some regions of Bangladesh and have increased the occurrence of U5M in those areas. This suggests therefore, that policies and programmes designed to reduce the pregnancy rates of women that are at risk and to encourage an increase in the use of maternal healthcare services are needed.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and extremely preterm birth: A nationwide register-based study
Authors: Valgeirsdottir Heiddis , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Kunovac Kallak Theodora , Vanky Eszter , Akhter Tansim , Roos Nathalie , Stephansson Olof , Wikström Anna-Karin 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth before 37 weeks. However, if this increased risk also includes extremely preterm births (<28 weeks) is unknown. Such information is important to identify women at risk and tailor antenatal care, since child morbidity and mortality become more prevalent with increasing prematurity.

Aims
To investigate the association between PCOS and extremely preterm birth, and whether onset of PCOS-related preterm birth is predominantly spontaneous or medically indicated.

Material and methods
This was a nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. The study population was all live singleton births registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2005–2014 (n = 1 046 448). Women with and without PCOS were compared by severity of preterm birth [extremely (22+0 to 27+6 weeks), very (28+0 to 31+6 weeks) and moderately (32+0 to 36+6 weeks)] and delivery onset mode (spontaneous or medically indicated). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking, country of birth and year of delivery.

Results
During the study period, 1.3% of the women giving birth had PCOS diagnosis. They had an overall higher preterm birth rate than women without PCOS (6.7% and 4.8%, respectively). Women with PCOS had increased odds of preterm birth of all severities, with the highest odds for extremely preterm birth (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.7–3.0), particularly of spontaneous onset (aOR 2.7; 95% CI 2.0–3.6).

Conclusions
Women with PCOS had more than a two-fold increased risk of extremely preterm birth with spontaneous onset than women without such diagnosis. This can be important in antenatal risk assessment of preterm birth in women with PCOS. Future research is warranted to investigate the biological mechanisms behind preterm birth in women with PCOS.
SRY-negative in 46, XX Male Testicular DSD: a case report
Authors: Listyasari Nurin Aisyiyah , Santosa Ardy , Juniarto Achmad Zulfa 
Published: February 2021

Background: The sex determination process requires distinct signaling pathways to generate either testis or ovaries from the same precursor structures, the primordial gonad. Deviations of this signaling mechanism may result in disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). The 46, XX testicular DSD is a rare genetic condition identified by a discrepancy between genetic and phenotypic sex caused sex reversal syndrome. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 5 years-old 46, XX boy with ambiguous genitalia. On physical examination he had severe hypospadias, bifid scrotum, micropenis and palpable bilateral testes. Cytogenetic analysis of patient reveals a 46, XX karyotype. Hormonal assay showed low level of FSH, LH and Testosterone and there was no evidence of Mullerian structures based on pelvic imaging. The histopathology of gonadal tissue showed a Leydig cell hyperplasia which gives the impression of Sertoli cell nodule. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis failed to identify the presence of SRY gene, therefore a diagnosis of 46, XX Testicular DSD with SRY-negative was established. Conclusion: This report presents a rare case of SRY-negative 46, XX Testicular DSD in a boy with ambiguous genitalia. A comprehensive management including clinical, cytogenetic and molecular analyses have indicated that undiscovered genetic or environmental factors needs to be elucidated. It is important to carry out further molecular testing to establish precise diagnosis of DSD and to provide appropriate genetic counseling for patients and their family.
Hyperuricemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Hisatome Ichiro , Li Peili , Taufiq Fikri , Maharani Nani , Kuwabara Masanari , Ninomiya Haruaki , Bahrudin Udin 
Published: February 2021

Serum uric acid level above 7 mg/dl is defined as hyperuricemia, which gives rise to the monosodium urate (MSU), causing gout and urolithiasis. Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor as well as a marker for hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease. MSU crystals, soluble uric acid (UA), or oxidative stress derived from xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) might be plausible explanations for the association of cardio-renovascular diseases with hyperuricemia. In macrophages, MSU activates the Nod-like receptor family, pyrin　domain containing 3(NLRP3) inflammasome, and proteolytic processing mediated by caspase-1 with enhanced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion. Soluble UA accumulates intracellularly through UA transporters (UAT) in vascular and atrial myocytes, causing endothelial dysfunction ad atrial electrical remodeling. XOR generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to cardiovascular diseases. Since it remains unclear whether asymptomatic hyperuricemia could be a risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney diseases, European and American guidelines do not recommend pharmacological treatment for asymptomatic patients with cardio-renovascular diseases. The Japanese guideline, on the contrary, recommends pharmacological treatment for hyperuricemia with CKD to protect renal function, and it attaches importance of the cardio-renal interaction for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia patients with hypertension and heart failure.
Cyclic nucleotide in oocyte In vitro maturation in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Sun Christie L , Catt Sally L , Beilby Kiri , Pangestu Mulyoto 
Published: February 2021

In vitro maturation (IVM) is a promising assisted reproductive technology (ART) for human infertility treatment. However, when cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) are removed from their follicular environment when manipulated in vitro, it can lead to a decrease of intra-oocyte cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’-monophosphare (cAMP) causing spontaneous nuclear maturation and an asynchrony with the oocytes’ cytoplasmic maturation, resulting in poor embryo developmental outcomes. Nuclear and cytoplasmic synchrony is important during oocyte maturation within antral follicles.It is maintained partially by the actions of c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) binding with natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), supporting high cAMP levels thus holding the oocyte in meiotic arrest. Addition of CNP to pre-IVM media has the capacity of maintaining cAMP levels and thus improve synchrony. Moreover, in women with advanced maternal age, successful IVM of aging oocytes faces significant challenges due to the morphological and cellular changes. Inhibiting initiation of nuclear maturation by cAMP modulator, CNP during pre-IVM period and thus improve oocyte developmental competence regardless of oocyte age.
Biomarcadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: Janeiro Manuel H. , Ardanaz Carlos G. , Sola-Sevilla Noemí , Dong Jinya , Cortés-Erice María , Solas Maite , Puerta Elena , Ramírez María J. 
Published: February 2021

Resumen

Objetivos
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa. La EA es la principal causa de demencia en el mundo, siendo el envejecimiento el principal factor de riesgo. Los criterios diagnósticos para la enfermedad de Alzheimer suelen basarse en datos clínicos. No obstante, es necesario establecer una definición biológica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer basada en biomarcadores que reflejen la neuropatología subyacente.

Contenido
El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los resultados obtenidos en la medición de biomarcadores nuevos y ya conocidos en los fluidos biológicos o en neuroimágenes.

Resumen
Actualmente se emplean tres biomarcadores para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer_Aβ42, t-Tau y p-Tau. El uso diagnóstico de biomarcadores en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) presenta algunas limitaciones debido a que la obtención invasiva mediante punción lumbar puede provocar efectos secundarios. La práctica más común en los centros clínicos es la medición en plasma o suero, ya que es mínimamente invasiva y, en consecuencia, se puede obtener y procesar con mayor facilidad. Las dos principales proteínas implicadas en el proceso patológico, Aβ y Tau, se pueden visualizar empleando técnicas de neuroimagen como la PET.

Perspectivas
Dado que está ampliamente aceptado que la enfermedad de Alzheimer comienza décadas antes de que se diagnostiquen los primeros síntomas clínicos, la detección de alteraciones biológicas previa a la aparición de la sintomatología clínica permitiría su diagnóstico precoz o incluso abriría la puerta a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.
Taking research from periphery to core in a Caribbean Language Centre
Authors: Carter Beverly-Anne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper draws on two research activities to discuss the role of research at the Centre for Language Learning (CLL) at The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Campus in Trinidad and Tobago. Established in 1997, the CLL introduced languages for all into this Caribbean higher education (HE) context. The CLL also introduced an expanded language curriculum beyond the historical focus on Romance languages and literatures. As the language centre evolved with more languages being taught and more language services offered, research, nonetheless, remained a marginal activity. Yet without a research agenda, the CLL risked being seen as a “service unit” - an outlier in a university seeking to confirm its place in the highly competitive global HE landscape. As the CLL sought to embrace more fully the research mandate of The UWI and of language centres internationally, CercleS publications and documents, for example, “Quality Assessment Criteria for Language Centres” were of great utility. The latter document’s focus on research as a quality indicator was consistent with The UWI’s focus on quality assurance and research. Taking research from periphery to core is thus intrinsic to moving the CLL into closer alignment with both institutional and international norms.
Integrating entrepreneurial working life skills with foreign language teaching – two cases from the University of Oulu
Authors: Sorvari Jaana , Rusko Satu , Jackson Nina , Ainonen Hanna-Leena 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This activity report describes two cases of Language teaching for degree students in the University of Oulu with new pedagogical approaches aiming towards authentic working life skills. Co-creation, collaborative learning and cooperation across borders are the building blocks for these innovative language teaching projects. Case 1 describes Entrepreneurial Language Studies in English and Swedish courses, co-created with the Ministry of Culture and Education Key Projects, which aim for fostering entrepreneurial culture and creating entrepreneurial learning environments at universities. Case 2 is about Teaching English and Course Cooperation in English language between the students of Information Processing Science in Finland and Russia. In both of these cases, students have been challenging themselves with new ways to learn the language and at the same time acquire important skills for working life, virtual learning, presentations, communication, problem solving and business idea creation. What unites these cases is the emphasis on authentic language learning, creativity and self-efficacy. Because career paths today are increasingly complex, multidisciplinary and diverse, the ability to adapt, innovate and be flexible is vital in evolving and collaborative working environments.
Celebrating CercleS: introductory notes to 30 years of professional activity in the field of language learning and teaching
Authors: Argondizzo Carmen , Mansfield Gillian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract and acknowledgements
This introduction provides a glimpse of CercleS’ mission over the past 30 years, as clearly emerges in the contributions this issue contains. It is a Special Issue which celebrates the 30th anniversary of CercleS (1991-2021) and coincides with our being invited to become Editors-in-Chief of Language Learning in Higher Education, indeed a great honour for us. We would like to thank the present and past Executive Boards and Coordinating Committees for placing their faith and trust in us. We would also like to thank the authors who contributed to this special issue and the De Gruyter staff for their ongoing support. In this and future issues, we intend to carry forward the precious work of our predecessors, encouraging the CercleS community to continue to join forces in fostering best practices of modern language education both in Europe and the world at large.
Negativity about Europe: Does it propel parties’ media visibility?
Authors: Eugster Beatrice , Adam Silke , Jansen Severin , Maier Michaela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, the prevalence of negative communication has intensified across the world. In this article, we seek to understand the mechanisms that spread negativity about a unified Europe. We study the specific conditions under which negative party communication boosts media visibility, focusing on the role of country-specific party conflicts on European Union (EU) integration. Our analysis is based on content analysis data of parties’ press releases and media coverage in the 12 weeks preceding the 2014 European Parliamentary elections in seven countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United Kingdom). We find that EU-negative party communication by and large does not matter for party visibility in the media, though the results provide scant evidence that cross-national differences relate to a country’s party conflict.
Zeros of GL2 𝐿-functions on the critical line
Authors: Andersen Nickolas , Thorner Jesse 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We use Levinson’s method and the work of Blomer and Harcos on the

GL
2

\mathrm{GL}_{2}

shifted convolution problem to prove that at least 6.96 % of the nontrivial zeros of the 𝐿-function of a

GL
2

\mathrm{GL}_{2}

automorphic form lie on the critical line.
Study on the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model of layered siltstone using creep test and RBF neural network
Authors: Yang Yiran , Lai Xingping , Luo Tao , Yuan Kekuo , Cui Feng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Creep is a fundamental time-dependent property of rock. As one of the main surrounding rocks of underground engineering, layered siltstone is governed by creep to a great extent because of special structure. Based on the structural characteristics of layered siltstone, a viscoelastic–viscoplastic model was proposed to simulate and present its creep property. To verify the accuracy of the model, governing equation of the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model was introduced into finite element difference program to simulate a series of creep tests of layered siltstone. Meanwhile, creep tests on layered siltstone were conducted. Numerical simulation results of the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model were compared with creep test data. Mean relative error of creep test data and numerical simulation result was 0.41%. Combined with Lyapunov function, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network trained with creep test data was adopted. Mean relative error of creep test data and RBF neural network data was 0.57%. The results further showed high accuracy and stability of RBF neural network and the viscoelastic–viscoplastic model.
Is there a relation between serum methylarginine levels and infertility?
Authors: Saygın Yasin , Sivrikaya Abdullah , Akdağ Turan , Dursunoğlu Duygu , Kaynar Mehmet , Abuşoğlu Gülsüm , Ünlü Ali 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Infertility is defined as the absence of pregnancy within the reproductive period despite regular sexual intercourse. Methylarginines are formed as a result of methylation of arginine residues in proteins and formed in three forms as asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), symmetrical dimethyl arginine (SDMA) and monomethylarginine (L-NMMA). So, here, we aimed to evaluate arginine and their derivatives levels in fertile and infertile individuals.

Methods
Present study were consist of 30 oligozoospermia patients (proven by spermiogram analysis) and 30 healthy individuals with normozoospermia group who were applied to the urology department. With blood samples taken from individuals, serum methylarginine and its derivatives levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Clinic data and demographic characteristics of individuals were also recorded at the same time.

Results
The serum ADMA level (0.38 ± 0.07) of the oligozoospermia group was found to be significantly higher than the normozoospermia group (0.35 ± 0.05) (p=0.046). A positive correlation were observed between ADMA and SDMA (r=0.686, p=0.000), HArg and SDMA (r=0.611, p=0.001), citrulline and L-NMMA (r=0.595, p=0.001) in patients with oligosospermia. The increase in SDMA, arginine and HArg levels and a decrease in L-NMMA and citrulline levels were not significant as statistically. Also, the ADMA level was found to be high in individuals with low sperm concentration.

Conclusions
Consequently, serum ADMA levels of individuals with oligozoospermia were statistically significantly higher than those with normozoospermia. As proposal, determination of ADMA levels may be a potential biomarker parameter in terms of early diagnosis of fertility and infertility.
Kinetic analysis of dual impellers on methane hydrate formation
Authors: Longinos Sotirios Nik , Parlaktuna Mahmut 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of types of impellers and baffles on methane hydrate formation. Induction time, water conversion to hydrates (hydrate yield), hydrate formation rate and hydrate productivity are components that were estimated. The initial hydrate formation rate is generally higher with the use of Ruston turbine (RT) with higher values 28.93 × 10−8 mol/s in RT/RT with full baffle (FB) experiment, but the decline rate of hydrate formation was also high compared to up-pumping pitched blade turbine (PBTU). Power consumption is higher also in RT/RT and PBT/RT with higher value 392,000 W in PBT/RT with no baffle (NB) experiment compared to PBT/PBT and RT/PBT experiments respectively. Induction time values are higher in RT/RT experiments compared to PBT/PBT ones. Hydrate yield is always smaller when there is no baffle in all four groups of experiments while the higher values exist in experiments with full baffle. It should be noticed that PBT is the same with PBTU, since all experiments with mixed flow have upward trending.
Phase relationships in the Ce–Nd–B system at 773 K
Authors: Cui Xuehong , Zhu Jinming , Luo Ketong , Liang Jianlie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Phase relationships in the Ce-Nd-B ternary system at 773 K were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Six borides, i. e. CeB4, CeB6, NdB4, NdB6, NdB66 and Nd2B5 are confirmed in this work. No ternary compound was observed. CeB4 and NdB4 were discovered to form the continuous solid solution phase (Ce,Nd)B4, CeB6 and NdB6 also form the solid solution phase (Ce,Nd)B6. The maximum solid solubility of Ce in (Ce,Nd)2B5 phase is 46.5 at.%. The isothermal section of the Ce-Nd-B ternary system at 773 K consists of 3 three-phase regions, 7 two-phase regions and 7 single- phase regions.
Low temperature and pressureless synthesis of MgAlON: qualitative analysis and formation evolution
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Liu Lei , Qiu Guibo , Bai Zhitao , Guo Min , Cheng Fangqin , Zhang Mei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
By calculating the Gibbs free energy of a magnesium aluminium oxynitride (MgAlON) system, pure MgAlON was obtained by pressureless sintering at 1 570 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere using Al, Al2O3, and MgO as raw materials. The formation mechanism of MgAlON and phase evolution of the Al-Al2O3-MgO-N2 system were investigated. The aluminium was melted at approximately 660 °C and formed AlN in the range 740- 1 250 °C. The reaction of AlN, Al2O3, and MgO started to form a primary crystalline MgAlON phase at 950 °C, and as the temperature increased, the minerals continuously dissolved in the primary crystalline phase.