bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Microorganisms, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Treatment Outcomes Among Patients With Empyema Thoracis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study From the Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Naseem Mehwish , Sarwar Sajjad , Mukhtar Saba , Malik Iram , Hassan Muhammad Rauf ul , Iqbal Muhammad Nouman , Ahmad Nafees 
Published: August 2021

Background: This study involves the analysis of spectrum of microorganisms, antibiotic resistance pattern, and treatment outcomes among empyema thoracis patients. This study also analyzes the factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome and duration of hospital stay among the patients.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the Pulmonology Ward of the Bahawal Victoria hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. All patients with empyema thoracis registered at the study site during the period of 1 year were included in the study. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with duration of hospital stay and unsuccessful treatment outcome among the patients.Results: A total 110 patients were included in the study. Most of the patients (n = 73, 66.4%) were treated with piperacillin/tazobactam alone and in combination with either one or more than one antibiotics as an empiric therapy. Culture was positive in 58 (52.7%) patients and the most commonly identified organisms included, gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 20; 18.8%) and Klebsiella sp. (n = 11, 10%) followed by same proportion of E. coli. The most commonly identified bacterial isolates showed high level of resistance against antibiotics used as an empiric therapy, while these showed low level of resistance against amoxicillin, clarithromycin, ertapenem, colistin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, and vancomycin. In this study, 82 (74.5%) patients successfully completed the treatment, while 12 (11%) showed no clinical improvement, 5 (4.5%) lost to follow up and 11 (10%) died. In multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, none of the patient attributes were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome, while in multivariate linear regression analysis, the factors which were significantly associated with duration of hospital stay included; duration of symptoms &lt;2 weeks prior to admission (p = 0.008, beta = −0.247) and resistance to five antibiotic classes (p = 0.02, beta = 0.280).Conclusion: Close to 25% of the patients did not complete the treatment successfully. Most of the common bacterial isolates showed high level of resistance against the broad-spectrum antibiotics used as an empiric therapy. This is alarming. However, better sensitivity of common bacterial isolates against standardized first line treatment for empyema thoracis is promising.
Nailfold Capillaroscopy With USB Digital Microscopy in Connective Tissue Diseases: A Comparative Study of 245 Patients and Healthy Controls
Authors: Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Fakprapai Wuttidej , Limtong Preeyachat , Suchonwanit Poonkiat 
Published: August 2021

Background: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a valuable tool to detect microcirculation abnormalities in connective tissue diseases (CTDs). However, whether the universal serial bus (USB) digital microscopy used as onychoscopy is as effective as the videocapillaroscopy in determining the diagnostic and prognostic values of CTDs remains to be determined.Objective: This study aims to investigate NFC features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis (DM), and systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and compare with normal controls as well as examine which feature could differentiate among CTDs. Furthermore, we aim to explore different capillaroscopic abnormalities and their association with disease activity.Methods: Nailfold images were taken from patients and healthy controls using a USB digital microscopy. Patterns on the capillary morphology, diameter, architecture, and density were recorded and compared. We further determined the NFC findings in SLE, DM, and SSc and corresponded to their respective disease activity scoring system.Results: A total of 245 participants, consisting of 54 SLE, 32 DM, and 51 SSc patients, as well as 108 controls, were enrolled. All capillaroscopic features, except for tortuous capillaries, were significantly more common in CTDs than healthy control (all p &lt; 0.05). A multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that bushy capillaries had significantly higher odds for both SLE and DM than SSc (OR: 4.10, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71–9.81, p = 0.002 and OR: 7.82, 95% CI, 2.86–21.38, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Elongated capillaries demonstrated significant odds for SLE compared with SSc (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.005–11.20, p = 0.049), while prominent subpapillary plexus showed greater odds for SLE compared with both DM and SSc (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.07–7.02, p = 0.03 and OR: 5.78, 95% CI: 2.29–14.58, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). The presence of hemorrhage, enlarged capillaries, and the low-density index had significantly higher odds in favor of SSc than SLE. Bushy capillaries were the only pattern with a strong association for DM over SSc. The presence of enlarged capillaries indicated higher SLE severity, but no specific finding was related to DM or SSc skin scores.Conclusions: Nailfold capillaroscopic examination using a digital microscope is a valuable method for the diagnosis of SLE, DM, and SSc. Several morphologic patterns can help differentiate among CTDs; however, the prognostic significance of this method requires further investigations.
Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: A Systematic Review of the Literature From 1981 to 2020
Authors: Hou Zan , Xie Jiaqing , Zhang Li , Dai Gangyi , Chen Yuanhang , He Lang 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesWe report the first case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung (HAL) with PIK3CA mutation. In addition, we analyzed data from HAL cases over the past 40 years to study its main treatment methods, prognosis, and the relationship between prognosis and the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level before treatment.MethodsWe report a 66-year-old male case who was diagnosed with locally advanced HAL with PIK3CA mutation and carried out a systematic literature search for HAL cases documented between 1981 and 2020. General patient information including case characteristics was extracted and summarized. The median OS (mOS) of HAL patients was determined using the KM survival curve. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the effect of tumor size, location, and serum AFP value before treatment and radical surgery (RS) on the prognosis of patients.ResultsA total of 46 studies including 51 HAL patients was included in our review. Our study revealed that 52.9% of tumors were located in the upper lobe of the right lung. The proportion of serum AFP-positive patients before treatment, early-stage patients (TNM stage I and II), and patients who had received surgery were 69.2%, 34.1%, and 40%, respectively. The mOS of HAL patients was 16.0 months. The 2-year and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 35.3% and 8.0%, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the 2-year survival rate for patients who received RS was 62.5%, while for patients who were unable to undergo RS, it was only 12.5% (p = 0.009). The Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that RS can significantly improve the prognosis of HAL patients (p = 0.011), although the location and size of tumor as well as the serum AFP value before treatment had no significant effect on their prognosis (p = 0.82, p = 0.96, p = 0.25).ConclusionsHAL patients have a poor prognosis, and the survival benefits for patients receiving chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone appear to be limited. We demonstrate statistically for the first time that pretreatment serum AFP values are not related to the prognosis of HAL patients and RS can significantly improve patient prognosis.
Supporting Team Reflexivity During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Qualitative Study of Multi-Vision Groups In-person and Online
Authors: Parrello Santa , Fenizia Elisabetta , Gentile Rosa , Iorio Ilaria , Sartini Clara , Sommantico Massimiliano 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:The professional self is often hindered by a lack of self-care and poor work-life balance, and cannot be considered an unlimited resource. Given this, the reflexive team is an important organizational tool for protecting workers' well-being. The non-profit organizationMaestri di Strada(MdS) (“Street Teachers”) conducts action research (AR) in the area of socio-education. The main tool used by the group to protect the well-being of its members is a guided reflexivity group, inspired by the Balint Group and termed the Multi-Vision Group (MG). In March 2020, because of the COVID-19 lockdown, the MdS team had to quickly revamp its working model, and MGs were held online for the first time.Aim:Through qualitative research that takes a longitudinal approach, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the MG in supporting the team's reflexivity in this new online format.Methods:This article considers MGs during two different time periods: pre-pandemic (T1) and early pandemic (T2). During T1, the MdS team met 18 times in person, while during T2 the team met 12 times through an online platform (always under the guidance of a psychotherapist). During all sessions in both time periods, a silent observer was present in the meetings, and they subsequently compiled narrative reports. The textual corpora of the reports were submitted for a Thematic Analysis of Elementary Contexts through T-Lab Plus, in order to examine the main content of the groups' discourse.Results:The results (five clusters in T1; and five in T2) show that, during T2, the group devoted considerable time to experiences tied to the pandemic (T21: schools facing the pandemic crisis; T2.2: the pandemic: death, inner worlds, and thought resistance; T2.3: kids' stories involving physical distancing and emotional proximity). The group also came up with innovative educational initiatives that defied the lockdown (T2.4: fieldwork: the delivery of “packages of food for thought”; T2.5: the MdS group: identity and separation). Based on these findings, the MG most likely contributed to the emergence of MdS as a “resilient community,” capable of absorbing the shock of the pandemic and realizing a fast recovery response.
Minimizing the Risk of Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Tan Xiao , Qi Xinye , Zhang Xin , Liu Huan , Wang Kexin , Jiang Shengchao , Xu Qiao , Meng Nan , Chen Peiwen , Li Ye , Kang Zheng , Wu Qunhong , Shan Linghan , Amporfro Daniel Adjei , Ilia Bykov 
Published: August 2021

Background: In moving toward universal health coverage in China, it is crucial to identify which populations should be prioritized for which interventions rather than blindly increasing welfare packages or capital investments. We identify the characteristics of vulnerable groups from multiple perspectives through estimating catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and recommend intervention priorities.Methods: Data were from National Health Service Survey conducted in 2003, 2008, and 2013. According to the recommendation of WHO, this study adopted 40% as the CHE threshold. A binary regression was used to identify the determinants of CHE occurrence; a probit model was used to obtain CHE standardized incidence under the characteristics of single and two dimensions in 2013.Results: The total incidence of CHE in 2013 was 13.9%, which shows a general trend of growth from 2003 to 2013. Families in western and central regions and rural areas were more at risk. Factors related to social demography show that households with a female or an unmarried head of household or with a low socioeconomic status were more likely to experience CHE. Households with older adults aged 60 and above had 1,524 times higher likelihood of experiencing CHE. Among the health insurance schemes, the participants covered by the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme had the highest risk compared with the participants of all basic health insurance schemes. Households with several members seeking outpatient, inpatient care or with non-communicable diseases were more likely to experience CHE. Households with members not seeing a doctor or hospitalized despite the need for it were more likely to experience CHE. Characteristics such as a household head with characteristics related to low socioeconomic status, having more than two hospitalized family members, ranked high. Meanwhile, the combination of having illiterate household heads and with being covered by other health insurance plans or by none ranked the first place. Cancer notably caused a relatively high medical expenditure among households with CHE.Conclusion: In China, considering the vulnerability of the population across different dimensions is conducive to the alleviation of high CHE. Furthermore, people with multiple vulnerabilities should be prioritized for intervention. Identifying and targeting them to offer help and support will be an effective approach.
Improved Lorenz-Mie Look-Up Table for Lidar and Polarimeter Retrievals
Authors: Chemyakin Eduard , Stamnes Snorre , Burton Sharon P. , Liu Xu , Hostetler Chris , Ferrare Richard , Cairns Brian , Dubovik Oleg 
Published: August 2021

Lidar and polarimeter aerosol microphysical retrievals require calculating single-scattering properties that are computationally expensive. One of the easiest ways to speed up these calculations is to use a look-up table. Two important currently available look-up tables were created about 15 years ago. Advancements in modern computational hardware allows us to create a new look-up table with improved precision over a larger range of aerosol properties. In this new and improved Lorenz-Mie look-up table we tabulate the light scattering by an ensemble of homogeneous isotropic spheres at arbitrary wavelengths starting from 0.355 μm. The improved look-up table covers spherical atmospheric aerosols with radii in the range of 0.001–100 μm, with real parts of the complex refractive index in the range of 1.29–1.65, and with imaginary parts of the complex refractive index in the range of 0–0.05. We test twelve wavelengths from 0.355 to 2.264 μm and find that the elements of the normalized scattering matrix as well as the asymmetry parameter, the aerosol absorption, backscatter, extinction, and scattering coefficients are precise to within 1% for 99.99% of cases. The look-up table together with C++, Fortran, Matlab, and Python codes are freely available online.
The Spiral Structure in the Solar Neighborhood
Authors: Hou L. G. 
Published: August 2021

The spiral structure in the solar neighborhood is an important issue in astronomy. In the past few years, there has been significant progress in observation. The distances for a large number of good spiral tracers, i.e., giant molecular clouds, high-mass star-formation region masers, HII regions, O-type stars, and young open clusters, have been accurately estimated, making it possible to depict the detailed properties of nearby spiral arms. In this work, we first give an overview about the research status for the Galaxy’s spiral structure based on different types of tracers. Then the objects with distance uncertainties better than 15% and &lt;0.5 kpc are collected and combined together to depict the spiral structure in the solar neighborhood. Five segments related with the Perseus, Local, Sagittarius-Carina, Scutum-Centaurus, and Norma arms are traced. With the large dataset, the parameters of the nearby arm segments are fitted and updated. Besides the dominant spiral arms, some substructures probably related to arm spurs or feathers are also noticed and discussed.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL CONDITIONS OF SPECIALISTS OF UKRAINIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ACTIVITY IN THE 20-60-S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Sholoyko N. 
Published: August 2021

The article outlines the ways of development of Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry in the 20-60s of the twentieth century, the emergence of new forms of medical care, and management structures for the organization of pharmacy in the country. A historical-retrospective analysis of the prerequisites for training specialists for the pharmaceutical sector in Ukraine in one of the main periods of its formation highlights the patterns of development in the general context of professional medical education and clarifies the circumstances of the leading features of organizational culture in pharmacy. It is proved that in previous historical periods of the industry development the prerequisites for the emergence of the organizational and managerial culture of pharmacists were: structuring the pharmacy, its concentration in the hands of the state, expanding the medical industry, and improving medical care, solving scientific and practical issues of pharmaceutical education organization of quality control of pharmacy products, expansion of the pharmaceutical industry and centralization of supply in the pharmacy network.
The scientific achievements of prominent figures of pharmacy in this period (M. Bergolts, N. Valyashko, A. Ginzberg, G. Kogan, V. Dzvoniv, A. Orekhov, A. Stepanov, J. Fialkov, S. Shubin, D. Shcherbachov, and others) who have made significant contributions to the development of pharmaceutical science, construction and improvement of pharmaceutical education, namely: the creation of the first textbooks on pharmacy, the technology of dosage forms, the establishment of a school for the study of organic matter by spectrographic research, development and implementation of dosage technology and galenic preparations, research of medicinal plants, a skillful combination of experiment with scientific research, etc. It promoted scientific development of questions of the theory and practice of pharmacy, advanced training of members of society, expansion and deepening of their specific knowledge, and also education on the best traditions of domestic pharmacy, medicine, and natural sciences, providing scientific and methodological and practical assistance to employees and managers of pharmacy chains.
DESIGN AND ERGONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL
Authors: Borysova T. 
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the issues of material and technical support of the educational process in institutions of general secondary education, the solution of which lies in the three-level subordination of educational institutions (macro-level – ministries, departments and institutions, meso-level – local executive authorities, local self-government bodies, united territorial communities, micro-level – educational institutions). It is indicated that in order to solve the tasks set at the state level to modernize educational processes, it is necessary to work together at all levels. It is proved that conceptually all issues of the organization of educational space are solved on macro-level, real ways of implementation and financing – on meso-level, and the leading role in the arrangement of specific educational premises is played by managers and teachers of educational institutions. Therefore, our research highlights the importance of training future teachers who are able to implement the concept of a New Ukrainian School in all its areas, in particular from the point of view of updating the educational space.
The key aspects of forming the educational space of the New Ukrainian School in terms of comfort, safety and aesthetic appeal are identified. Recommendations are given on the color design of the interior of educational premises for primary, middle and high school students, as well as on color solutions for educational premises for various purposes.
The relevance of zoning the educational environment by centers (discoveries, news, materials, communication, thematic, teachers, silence, creativity, wildlife) of educational activities of participants in the educational process is revealed. The main (permanent) and mobile (variable) zones of the training room are defined, and the approximate equipment of each of them is given. It is proved that the organization of a comfortable educational environment will contribute to the free development of the child’s creative personality. A number of requirements (ergonomics, safety, reliability and aesthetics) for school furniture are defined, as they should first of all be atropometrically appropriate and comfortable.
Prokrastinasi ditinjau dari Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Self Efficacy
Authors: Sudarroji Dwi Rio , Sekaringrum Fahmawanti , Trihartantyo Leo 
Published: August 2021

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between leadership style and self-efficacy on procrastination. The study population amounted to 34 teachers in a public school in Yogyakarta. The analytical method was a multiple linear regression. Data collection devices are a questionnaire scale of procrastination, self-efficacy, and leadership style. The result showed that correlation significant between self-efficacy and leadership style to procrastination was p = 0.007 <0.05 and a correlation coefficient was B = 0.015 to variable leadership style and a correlation coefficient was B = -0.548 to variable self-efficacy. It showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership style and procrastination but just small influence and a negative correlation between self-efficacy and procrastination.
Hubungan antara Pendapatan terhadap Kesejahteraan Subjektif pada Anggota TNI AU di Kota X
Authors: Setiawan Iqhsan Eko , Saputra M Ridwan , Sandra Arsepta Kurnia 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to examine the relationship between personeel income beetwean subjective well-being on military personeel. A quantitative survey was performed on a sample of personeels (N = 43) TNI AU in City X and study documents is used to measure how impact of personeel income to personeel’s SWB. The subjective well-being as an independent variable and to measure how subjective well-being correlated each other, this study has used Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener, 2006) and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Experience (Diener, 2009). Result showed that personeel income is significantly correlate with subjective well-being (p = 0.036, sig. < 0.05). New finding also shows that high and low income are significantly correlate with subjective well-being, limited and recommendation are discussed.
Branding Lasi Dairy Farm
Authors: Pisma Aditya , Iskandar Riki 
Published: August 2021

Di Sumatera Barat perkembangan populasi ternak sapi perah selama beberapa tahun menunjukan adanya peningkatan pertahun. Walaupun terjadi penurunan populasi sapi perah di provinsi Sumatera Barat pada tahun 2014 namun pada tahun berikutnya kembali mengalami peningkatan, hal ini menggambarkan bahwa minat peternak terhadap usaha peternakan sapi perah ini cukup besar. Satu - satunya usaha sapi perah yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan di Kenagarian Lasi, Kecamatan Candung, Kabupaten Agam adalah usaha mandiri yang dikelola oleh Bapak Suhatril, berdiri pada pertengahan tahun 2016 dengan nama peternakan sapi perah ”Lassy Dairy Farm”. Konsep awal pengerjaan logo Lassy Dairy Farm ini adalah bagaimana menciptakan image yang berdasarkan konsep S.W.O.T (Strength, Weakness, Opprtunity, Threat) , hasil kesimpulan wawancara dengan owner dari Lassy Dairy Farm yaitu Healty, Pure, Family dan sentra