bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remittances, Official Development Assistance, and Human Development in Africa: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Yiheyis Zelealem , Woldemariam Kasahun 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTRemittances are important sources of household income and foreign exchange in many developing countries. Official development assistance (ODA) also constitutes another major source of external finance for receiving countries, although it is on a relative decline. While the contributions of ODA and remittances to economic growth in developing countries have been a subject of numerous empirical studies, there is a paucity of comparable analysis on their implications for human development, especially in the context of Africa. This study assesses the relative contributions of ODA and remittances to human development outcomes in 35 African countries over three decades using panel-data estimation methods. The approach of the study includes exploring the factors that may condition the relationship between the two financial flows,on the one hand, and human development, on the other. The results of the study suggest that both ODA and remittances exerted modest favorable effects on human development in the typical country of study. The relationship between the two flows and human development index (HDI) remains positive when their coefficients are allowed to shift across different groups of the sample. However, differences are observed in their magnitude and statistical significance, suggesting the presence of factors that condition the said relationships. Accordingly, the HDI effect of ODA seems to be affected by the level of real GDP per capita, the quality of institutions, and the size and degree of instability of ODA flows. Official development assistance flows are found to exert at least as much marginal effect as remittances; and low but stable flows of ODA seem to have larger positive effect on human development than high but fluctuating ODA flows. The results of the study also suggest that recipients would benefit more from the inflows of remittances and ODA, among others, by improving the quality of their institutions.
Financing and Performance of Female-Owned Firms in Middle Eastern and African Economies
Authors: Baliamoune-Lutz Mina , Lutz Stefan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTEmpirical evidence suggests that lack of access to financing is a major constraint to performance of female-owned firms in most countries. Firm performance, financing structure, and constraints have been well explored in the case of firms in developed economies but remain understudied in the case of firms in developing countries, especially in Africa and the Middle East. Largely due to lack of relevant cross-country financial data, existing literature on African firms has presented some survey-based evidence on firm performance and financing structures, while evidence based on detailed financial information remains lacking. This study aims at filling this research gap. We identify female-owned firms operating in the formal sector and examine the impact of ownership structure on financing and firm performance. We use a panel of financial data covering 25,500 companies in the Middle East and Africa for the years 2006 to 2015. Our results reveal a clear, but perhaps surprising, gender-specific pattern. Increased availability of equity and/or debt capital as well as higher leverage has significant positive effects on firm performance, measured by sales, profits and returns on equity. Female ownership per se appears to lower firm performance significantly, according to all measures used even when we control for the levels of available capital and the degrees of leverage. However, when the interplay of female ownership with capital availability is taken into account, we find that this interaction has a positive impact, implying that women are actually more productive when they are equally able to access finance. These results are also confirmed for a subsample including only Sub-Saharan African countries.
The Hubris of Founding a New City: Sargon II and the Creation of Dur-Sharruken
Authors: Kertai David 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTDuring the more than 700 years from ca. 1350 BCE on when Assyria's kings ruled at the behest of the god Ashur, the urban core of Assyria was located in the north of modern-day Iraq. During this long period the royal court only moved to a new city a few times. Newness, however, is a complicated and seemingly problematic concept in Assyria, where it was generally believed that the main cities had been provided with their rightful and inalterable place when the gods created civilization. Dur-Sharruken, the city founded during the reign of King Sargon II (722–705 BCE), is often highlighted as the exceptional and even problematic new foundation in modern scholarship. This article reassesses the arguments made in both modern scholarship and in the royal inscriptions of Assyria about the creation of new capitals and the place of Dur-Sharruken within the history of Assyrian urban foundations.
Ц.Батбаяр: ХКН-ын XYIII их хурлаас 2020 он гэхэд дундаж чинээлэг нийгэм байгуулах зорилт дэвшүүллээ
Authors: Ц Батбаяр 
Published: August 2021

English title: Ts.Batbayar: XIII Congress of CPC Put Forward the Goal for Establishment of Wealthy Society by 2020
“Арабын хавар” vs “Лалын хувьсгал”
Authors: Д Баярхүү 
Published: August 2021

Ойрхи Дорнод, Арабын ертөнц 2011 оны турш дэлхий нийтийг гайхшруулсан, одоо ч гайхшруулсаар байна. Бен Алийн, Мубаракийн, Каддафийн, Асадынхны, Салехын дэглэмүүд нурлаа, нурж байна. Арабын ба Персийн булангийн монархист орнуудад түүхэндээ улс төр-эдийн засгийн шинэчлэл хийгдэж байгаагүй, олон намын системийг ерөөсөө төлөвшүүлж байгаагүй (заримд нь бүр “А” ч байхгүй) ирснээс хэрэв дэглэм нурж, улс төрийн орон зай онгойвол цаашаа яах вэ гэдгээс үүдсэн гайхшрал, зарим талаар эргэлзээ ойрын ганц хоёр жил байтугай олон жилээр үргэлжлэхээр байна.

“Arab Spring” vs “Islam Revolution”
The Middle East, Arab World have admired the world for 2011. Ben Ali, Mubarak, Kaddaf, Asadin, Saleh regimes were collapsed. The political and economic reform was not conducted in a history of monarchy countries in Arabia and Persain, multiparty system was not formed (some even have no ideas). As a result the regime failed and what should do in the future, the admiration, if political space will open might continue not only for one or two years but for years.
Демократизация Монголии: Внешние факторы
Authors: В.А Родионов 
Published: August 2021

Mongolia Politics Democratization: Foreign Factors
The article discusses the foreign policy aspects of the democratization of the post-socialist Mongolia. In fact Mongolia is only post-socialist state in the Central Asia region that has achieved success in the democracy transition process. Unique geopolitical position, the strategy of the “third neighbor”, national security and economic interests have largely determined the nature and direction of democracy transition in Mongolia.
Penile melanoma
Authors: Leitão Luiz Felipe de Mello Pereira , Orellana Fernanda Monteiro , Simões João Pedro Vaz de Souza Cabral , Lellis Rute Facchini , Maia Marcus , Fernandes Roni de Carvalho , Toledo Luis Gustavo Morato de 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPenile melanoma is a rare event, responsible for less than 1.4% of penile cancers. In general, it is late diagnosed and the treatment is usually aggressive. The authors present a 66-year-old Caucasian man who had an ulcerated penile lesion for 1 year, diagnosed as melanoma after biopsy and treated as locally advanced disease with partial penectomy, identification of the sentinel lymph node and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy.
Patient reported outcome measure applicability in clinical oncology
Authors: Morelle Alessandra Menezes , Venero Fernando Castilho , Silva Rommel Fabricio Pereira da , Ferreira Rafael Dal Ponte , Santanna Pedro Tofani 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTPatient Reported Outcomes (PROs) are a report that comes from patients on a specific subject, describing how they feel about a condition or therapy. The term includes a range of constructions and methodology and can cover concepts such as symptoms to physical assessment, well-being and social involvement. The process can be described as a measure of patient reported outcome (Patient Reported Outcome Measure - PROM). In oncology, PROMs help healthcare professionals and systems to reduce the impact of treatment on patient's quality of life. In recent years, several studies have shown improvement in the evaluated outcomes. In our country, there is still little information on this subject, especially when it comes to cancer patients. Hence, we think that it is of utmost importance to review the particularities of this tool, in order to stimulate further discussion of the subject in our country.
Radiotherapy alone in locally advanced cervical cancer: a palliative treatment? Real-world data
Authors: Braz Tiago Pontes , Paulino Eduardo , Garces Alvaro Henrique Ingles , Reisner Rachele Grazziotin , Guitmann Gustavo , Thuler Luiz Claudio Santos , Melo Andreia Cristina de 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the benefit of radiotherapy alone in patients diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer when the addition of chemotherapy was contraindicated. Methods: A single-center cohort study of patients diagnosed with locally advanced cervical cancer as defined by the FIGO 2009 (stage IB2 to IVA) and contraindication for concomitant chemotherapy was retrospectively evaluated. Patients included were treated with radiotherapy in a curative intent and those patients who completed the external beam radiotherapy were considered for brachytherapy. Patient's demographics, reasons for not receiving concomitant chemotherapy and treatment responses were analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results: With a median follow-up of 13.9 months (range 0.10-81.8), the median DFS was 11.6 months (95% CI: 10.2-13.1), and the median OS was 15.9 months (95% CI: 11.5-20.3). Conclusion: This real-world study provides descriptive information confirming that radiotherapy with curative intent should be offered to patients with locally advanced cervical cancer even when chemotherapy is not an option due to clinical or laboratory contraindications.
Evaluación del programa Caixaproinfancia de refuerzo educativo y acompañamiento escolar
Authors: Longás-Mayayo Jordi , Cañete-Massé Cristina , Cussó-Parcerisas Irene , De-Querol-Duran Roser , Guàrdia-Olmos Joan 
Published: August 2021

El fracaso escolar afecta especialmente a alumnos en situación de pobreza. Existen diversos programas de educación compensatoria que buscan favorecer el éxito escolar en estos entornos. En este estudio evaluamos el refuerzo educativo del programa [nombre omitido para el proceso de revisión] y los resultados de éxito escolar de adolescentes en situación de pobreza participantes en [nombre omitido para el proceso de revisión] en el curso 2016-17.
Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial considerando las variables de rendimiento escolar y sociodemográficas de 2301 jóvenes de 16 a 18 años. Se ha evidenciado que 2 de cada 3 jóvenes tienen dificultades importantes en sus trayectorias escolares. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre la valoración de las entidades y el rendimiento académico. La promoción al finalizar la ESO alcanzó el 68,2% de los jóvenes que han cursado 4º de ESO y el 70,9% de los que han participado del Refuerzo Educativo. El menor número de abandonos en los participantes del Refuerzo Educativo indicó el efecto del acompañamiento personalizado.
Effect of Different N Management on Improving N Efficiency in Rice- tarom Variety
Authors: Valinejad M. , Vaseghi S. 
Published: August 2021

The chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and leaf colour chart (LCC) are simple, portable diagnostic tools that can measure the crop N status in situ in rice fields to determine the timing of N top dressingAn experiment was carried out in Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran, in 2019. A test material has been evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Tarom variety were grown under eight treatments at plant density of 25*25 cm. Eight treatments included a zero-N control, o splits, chlorophyll meter 35, 37, 40, LCC 4 and 5. Result showed that Both LCC and SPAD can be used to improve N management for rice. The optimal SPAD threshold for determining the timing of N-application was 35. LCC treatments indicated that N-management based on LCC shade 4 helped avoid over application of N. Critical value of LCC 4 was more beneficial in enhancing the growth and agronomic, physiologic and internal efficiency. It is suggested that when N-management technology such as real time N-management (SPAD and LCC) were used, would avoid to over application of N fertilizer by rice farmers. The objective of this study is to determine critical threshold SPAD and LCC value of Tarom variety of rice(Oyiza Sativa L).
Efficacy of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Thevetia peruviana (pers.) K. Schum on Growth of Phytophthora colocasiae Racib, Causal Agent of Taro Late Blight in Cameroon
Authors: Sale Charles Essome , Dooh Jules Patrice Ngoh , Heu Alain , Tueguem William Kuate , Nganti Dorothée Mvondo , Ngatsi Patrice Zemko , Chewachong Godwill , Ambang Zachee 
Published: August 2021

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds on the in vitro growth of Phytophthora colocasiae. A randomized sample block design containing four treatments (T-: absolute control, AE, ME and Callomil Plus at the dose of 12.5 μL/ml) with three repetitions was used. Plant extracts were used at three concentrations: C1: 12.5 µl/ml; C2: 25 µl/ml and C3: 50 µl/ml. The study took place in the University of Yaoundé 1, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, and in the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IARD) of Yaoundé, Laboratory of Phytopathology, during the year 2019-2020.
Aqueous and methanolic extracts of T. peruviana were prepared and used at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 μL/ml. P. colocasiae was isolated from infected taro leaf cultivars "Macumba/Ibo coco" located in three different regions in Cameroon: West, Littoral and Centre. The different leaf explants of taro were put in V8 agar medium and maintained in pure culture. Mycelial fragments of P. colocasiae of about 0.8 cm in diameter were cut and placed in sterile Petri dishes containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant extracts and incubated at 23±1°C for seven days for the evaluation of the radial growth. Methanolic and aqueous extracts have completely inhibited the growth of West and Littoral strains at 25 μL/mL while total inhibition of the pathogen was not obtained with strain of Centre region. The lowest inhibition was obtained with the strain of Centre region (85.1%) for aqueous extract and (70.95%) for methanolic extract compare to 100% for West and Littoral region at highest concentration. The aqueous extract at the concentration of 25 μL/ml totally inhibited the in vitro radial growth of some strains of P. colocasiae. This extract, active against P. colocasiae could be used as alternative to fungicides for the control of taro leaf blight. In other hand, the strain of Littoral region was most sensible to extracts than the others. This strain could be used to provide a genetic resource for future trials in natural conditions in greenhouse and in the field.
Assessment of Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Port Harcourt
Authors: Ibeh F. O. , Wemedo S. A. , Akani N. P. 
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcal species isolated from clinical specimens of patients attending two hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
Study Design: The study employs statistical analysis of the data and interpretation.
Place and Duration of Study: Two hospitals which are Meridian hospital Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, located in the city of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State were used for this study. Specimen collection lasted for 3 weeks and the analysis was carried out daily and it lasted for six months.
Methodology: A total of one hundred and eighteen (118) urine and stool specimens (60 urine and 58 stool specimens) were collected from Fifty nine (59) patients for a period of three months from Meridian hospital and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State. The specimens collected were grouped inpatients and outpatients and were subjected to standard microbiological procedures which include standard plate counts, identification, and sensitivity testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration and molecular identification of the isolates.
Results: A total of 48 enterococcal isolates were isolated from the different specimens (hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients) of urine and stool specimens. All Enterococcal isolates showed high level of resistance to Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime (100%) followed by cloxacillin (95.8%), augumentin (85.4%) and Ceftriaxone (75.0%). The isolates showed higher sensitive rates to Ofloxacin (95.5%), followed by Gentamicin (77.1%) and Vancomycin (39.6%). All Enterococal isolates from this study had a MAR index > 0.2. A total of the 48 Enterococci were isolated, the 23 (47.9%) isolates were identified as vancomyin resistant during this study were subjected to MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) for vancomycin as a confirmatory test. Of the 23 isolates, 12 isolates were vancomycin resistant with 11 isolates showing vancomycin MIC values of 8-16μg /ml (vancomycin intermediate).
Conclusion: Conclusively, this study revealed varying Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolated bacteria. Treatment guidelines for use of antibiotics should be based on the hospital formulary and the sensitivity patterns is advocated. This should be reviewed occasionally to ensure rational use of antibiotics
Generalized Fibonacci Numbers with Indices in Arithmetic Progression and Sum of Their Squares: The Sum Formula ∑nk=0 xkW2mk+j
Authors: Soykan Y¨uksel 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas ∑n k=0 xkWmk 2 +j for generalized Fibonacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give sum formulas of Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell, Pell-Lucas, Jacobsthal, Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers. We present the proofs to indicate how these formulas, in general, were discovered. Of course, all the listed formulas may be proved by induction, but that method of proof gives no clue about their discovery.
Occupational Stress among Nigerian Orthodontists and Orthodontic Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aikins Elfleda A. , Anosike Adaeze N. , Yemitan Tolulase Abosede 
Published: July 2021

Background: The job of the orthodontist involves long working hours and interaction with each patient for many years before the conclusion of treatment thus orthodontists may experience peculiar levels of stress. Occupational stress has been proven to have negative consequences and can result in not only burnout but also hypertension and even suicide. The aim of this study was to assess the areas of orthodontic practice that cause stress among orthodontists and orthodontic residents practicing in Nigeria as well as to evaluate various personal and practice characteristics that affect these reports of occupational stress.
Methods: Data was collected over a three-month period using an online self-administered modified version of the Occupational Stress Questionnaire which was sent through the Nigerian Association of Orthodontists WhatsApp group and to the personal emails of all members. Data was collated and analysed using SPSS version 21.
Results: A total of 69 (71% response rate) responses were received. Males and older orthodontists experienced higher levels of stress. Seven items had mean severity scores equal to or greater than 3.75 and were considered the most concerning stressors in orthodontic practice. These included “Lack of patient compliance with treatment instructions is painful” and “Treating a case with an unfavorable prognosis is disturbing”.
Conclusions: The most concerning stressors in orthodontic practice as perceived by Nigerian orthodontists and orthodontic residents are those related to time management and patient motivation.
Quality Attributes Comparison of Selected Brands of Rosuvastatin Calcium Tablets Marketed in the US and Bangladesh
Authors: Monisha Shahrin Tasnim , Ela Kamrun Nahar , Islam Rabeya , Ether Sadia Afruz , Rahman Fahad Imtiaz 
Published: August 2021

Aims: This study investigated whether locally marketed rosuvastatin calcium tablets in Bangladesh have comparable physical and chemical attributes, including in vitro bioequivalence profiles, to the proprietary brand.
Methodology: Nine generic products (G1-G9) containing 10 mg of rosuvastatin calcium were compared to the proprietary brand Crestor® (R1) and an FDA approved generic rosuvastatin calcium tablet (R2). Weight variation, diameter, thickness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and dissolution profiles were tested according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines. In vitro bioequivalence requirements were assessed by calculating difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors.
Results: The generic products complied with the pharmacopeial requirements for weight variation, disintegration time and friability. All the tablets had drug ranging between 92%-105% and released more than 80% of rosuvastatin within first 15-30 minutes. However, for brands G5, G7 and G8 the f1 values were 15.7%, 15.82% and 25.21% respectively and their f2 values were 41.8, 41.6 and 32.6 respectively whereas for G9 the f2 value was 43.4. These brands have thus failed to meet in vitro bioequivalence requirements.
Conclusion: We conclude that few substandard generics of rosuvastatin calcium has somehow found its way to the market and further studies are required to ascertain their noncompliance.