bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous thermodynamics in homogenized generalized Langevin systems
Authors: Lim Soon Hoe 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study functionals, such as heat and work, along trajectories of a class of multi-dimensional generalized Langevin systems in various limiting situations that correspond to different level of homogenization. These are the situations where one or more of the inertial time scale(s), the memory time scale(s) and the noise correlation time scale(s) of the systems are taken to zero. We find that, unless one restricts to special situations that do not break symmetry of the Onsager matrix associated with the fast dynamics, it is generally not possible to express the effective evolution of these functionals solely in terms of trajectory of the homogenized process describing the system dynamics via the widely adopted Stratonovich convention. In fact, an anomalous term is often needed for a complete description, implying that convergence of these functionals needs more information than simply the limit of the dynamical process. We trace the origin of such impossibility to area anomaly, thereby linking the symmetry breaking and area anomaly. This hold important consequences for many nonequilibrium systems that can be modeled by generalized Langevin equations. Our convergence results hold in a strong pathwise sense.
Using the Extract of “Saprolin” for Enhancing Grain Crops
Authors: Nazarova T V , Dmitriyev P S , Baryshnikov G Ya 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The solution to the problems of enhancing the yield of grain crops in current agriculture development is not conceivable without applying new land processing technology and using mineral fertilizers. Simultaneously, to obtain environmentally friendly products in organic farming, it is required to use mineral organic fertilizers in large quantities. For these purposes, we developed manufacturing technology and proposed the extract of “Saprolin.” This extract, obtained from organogenic lake storage, is supposed to be used for pre-sowing seed treatment, contributing to providing the planting material with biologically active substances, macro- and microelements, and natural soil conservation. During the production of the extract from the obtained source material, solutions of different concentrations were prepared, and their features (viscosity, density, electrical conductivity, refractive index, and pH of the medium) were studied. Using the wheat seeds “Novosibirskaya-31” and barley “Astana-2000” as an example, under the influence of solutions of the obtained extract, the germination and vigor of seeds were determined. As it was proved in experiments, the obtained extract is a good germination stimulant for grain crop seeds. It has a greater effect on seed vigor. Nevertheless, seeds with high vigor are the most viable, give good yield, and provide high-quality products. The germination rate significantly affects plants’ survival, shows the speed of their growth, and characterizes the ability of seeds to germinate in the field evenly (good uniformity). The research determines the germination and vigor of seeds using processing solutions of different concentrations. The research shows that the obtained extract of “Saprolin” increases the germination of seeds of grain crops by 1%–9% and vigor by 12%–19%. The extract of “Saprolin” is classified as a herbal stimulant containing a water-soluble natural mineral substance for improving plant nutrition.
Status and Development Prospects of Horse Breeding in the Altai Region
Authors: Zaycev A M , Koveshnikov V S 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe transition to a market economy caused significant changes in the number of horses and their distribution by category of horse owners, regions, and economic use areas. This study aims to identify the natural and economic factors affecting the quantitative and structural features of the horse breeding industry in the Altai region. More than that, the research discusses critical parameters of its optimal development in the medium term. In 1991-2018, in Altai, the horse population decreased from 226.8 to 161.3 thousand heads (28.9%). However, due to higher decreases of horse livestock in other Russian regions, the share of Altai horse owners in the Siberian Federal District increased from 34.0 to 38.5%. The country-wide share increased from 8.7% to 12.6%. While the number of horses in the Altai Krai decreased 2.6 times, in the Altai Republic, it increased by 28.9 thousand heads, exceeding the pre-reform level by 38.3%. Until 2025, with the stabilization of the number of workhorses, meat horse breeding will be the central development area. The number of meat horses will increase in Altai from 112.6 to 126.8 thousand heads, which, with rational management, would ensure the production of over ten thousand tons of high-quality meat for domestic consumption and export.
The Impact of Short-Wave UV Radiation on Peroxidase Activity in Soft Wheat Seeds
Authors: Sharlaeva E A , Chirkova V Yu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The effect of UV radiation on plants provokes oxidative stress, accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species that can have a direct destructive effect on cellular structures and initiate free radical oxidation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. There is an antioxidant defense system in plant cells that includes a complex of low and high molecular weight compounds. Antioxidants with high molecular weight are enzymes, the key of which is peroxidase [PO]. The paper studies changes in PO activity in soft spring wheat seedlings due to grain treatment with small and medium doses of short-wave UV radiation. A UV-dosed irradiation system (Bio-Link Vilber) with the exposure time 0–60 minutes in increments of 10 minutes was used for seed treatment. Pre-soaked wheat seeds were germinated in Petri dishes. PO activity was determined colorimetrically in three-day-old wheat seedlings, according to A. L. Boyarkin [3]. When the source was irradiated for up to 30 minutes, a clear dependence of the PO activity on the exposure time was not established. The maximum increase in peroxidase activity (by 25.9% relative to the control) was detected with 30-minute UV irradiation. A further increase in exposure time led to a significant decrease in enzyme activity. Moreover, vital feedback was revealed between the activity and exposure time in the range of 30–60 minutes.
Features of Microclonal Reproduction and Organogenesis of the Far Eastern Species Aristolochia Manshuriensis Kom. as a Biological Resource
Authors: Demidenko E N , Berseneva S A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Plants of Manchurian birthwort (Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom), obtained under in vitro conditions, are characterized by a high potential for accelerated reproduction by weakening the action of their growth hormones during a certain period of phenological development and as a result of a response to the presence of 1mg/l IMK in the nutrient medium. Thus, the microplants can adapt to the conditions of the closed soil, while the total percentage of survival is 49.12%.
The Natural Potential of the Sharyn River Basin as the Basis for Developing Health Tourism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kerimbay B S , Dunets A N , Baryshnikova O N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the tourist and recreational potential of the Sharyn River basin, which can serve the basis for further development of health tourism centers. The research is based on field studies of landscapes conducted in summer 2019 in the Sharyn River basin. Four key sections were laid along the Sarytugay, Moyyntukay, Temirlik, and Shonzhy routes. A digital thematic map was created in ArcGIS 10.1. The landscapes of the Sharyn River basin have a significant natural potential for developing a combined type of tourism, which includes the medical and recreational aspects of providing tourism services. Transport accessibility, a long warm season, the prevalence of clear weather in summer, attractive landscapes and water bodies, and significant biodiversity make this territory a very promising place for organizing ecological, educational, and recreational tourism. The authors note that the Sharyn State National Natural Park and the UNESCO Sharyn Biosphere Reserve are located in the studied region, and this fact guarantees preserving natural recreational resources and developing tourist routes. The sparsely populated area allows to observe animals and plants in their natural habitat. The complex of the piedmont plain Ketmen allows providing a wide range of sanatorium services, including thermal waters for heating buildings and organizing greenhouses. To prevent negative consequences of unorganized tourism and justify further investments in recreational resources development, the authors provided recommendations that would ensure the sustainable development of medical tourism. This fact creates prerequisites for forming a new health and tourist cluster of international importance in Kazakhstan.
Changes in Heart Rate Autonomic Regulation in Girls at The Age of 10–11 with Different Rates of Biological Maturation: A Two-year Study
Authors: Filatova O V , Bogdanova T A , Tomilova I N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe authors conducted a two-year study of 60 girls aged 10-11. The analysis of the features of heart rhythm autonomic regulation in girls with different biological maturation rates revealed the following. The girls with slower sexual and physical development rates at the age of 10 are marked with higher values of very-low-frequency (VLF) waves, lower values of the high-frequency component of HF than a group of children having the above-average level of physical and sexual development. The groups of 10-year-old girls with different physical and sexual development levels differ in basic anthropometric measurements, body composition parameters, and basal, specific, and norm-based metabolic rates. By the age of 11, girls with the due acquisition of secondary sexual characters demonstrate an increase in sympathetic influence and a decrease in parasympathetic effect on HR’s variability. The obtained data indicate a relative lag in the functional development of the cardiovascular system autonomic regulation in girls with the delayed acquisition of secondary sexual characters at the age of 10 compared to the group of children with the above-average level of physical and sexual development.
Regionally Influenced Content of Selenium and Its Capacity under Postoperative Myocardial Remodeling in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Stelmashenko A I , Beliaeva S A , Slepchenko G B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in living organisms; however, some aspects of its metabolism and function remain unknown. Se deficiency causes significant disturbances in the cardiovascular system along with left ventricular (LV) fibrosis. Simultaneously, an understanding of pathways that influence Se role in heart failure progression is insufficient. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to characterize Se importance in developing post-infarct LV dysfunction and postoperative remodeling. In the Tomsk region, the level of Se in healthy people and the myocardium of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy was close to normal. Quantitative chemical analysis of Se content in hair samples and LV myocardium was based on stripping voltammetry to determine mass concentrations of the micro-element. Nevertheless, a significant number of cardiac surgery patients showed negative dynamics of postoperative LV myocardium remodeling with the development of heart failure. We obtained preliminary results of a direct correlation between favorable outcomes of postoperative adaptive myocardial remodeling (AR) and maladaptive myocardial remodeling (MALR) with different Se concentrations in the myocardium. Simultaneously, about 84% of patients showed abnormal postoperative LV MALR in high Se in the myocardium. Further in-depth studies are required to translate novel data from the laboratory bench to the clinics.
The Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Leaves of Crataegus Sanguinea Pall. (Redhaw Hawthorn) in the Urban Environment (On the Example of Orenburg)
Authors: Fedorova D G , Karpova G V , Ukenov B S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trees growing in the city play an essential role in cleaning the atmosphere from various pollutants. We investigated the possibility of using Crataegus sanguinea Pall. (Redhaw hawthorn) as a bioindicator of air pollution with heavy metals and toxic elements in Orenburg. We analyzed the impact of air pollution by evaluating the morphometric parameters and chemical properties of redhaw hawthorn leaves. Redhaw hawthorn leaves were collected in the areas with most anthropogenic stress. We compared the amount of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and iron in the leaves. The plants in urbanized areas accumulated more heavy metals than the control samples. We organized heavy metals in a descending list by the intensity of their accumulation in plants: lead > copper > iron > zinc > cadmium. Our study demonstrated that redhaw hawthorn could be used as a pollution indicator in urbanized areas. Biomonitoring can be used to assess environmental pollution and rationally manage the environment in urban areas.
Changes in Lipid Peroxidation Indexes of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Population Depending on Residence Location
Authors: Nikolaev V M , Chirikova N K , Sofronova S I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The levels of TBA-active products and antioxidant defense indicators, such as low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWAO from now onward), Vitamin C, catalase, and uric acid, were higher in the new population if compared to indigenous people. When comparing the biochemical parameters by district type, the authors found that in the inhabitants of industrial districts (both new and indigenous), the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB from now onward) was shifted towards higher peroxidation. The increase in antioxidants in the original population was due to higher levels of LMWAO. In the indigenous population it was caused by higher catalase activity. The new population had overstressed adaptive mechanisms, confirmed by higher levels of TBA-active products, Interleukins IL18 and IL6, and AST/ALT ratio. The indigenous residents of arctic districts had significantly lower TBA-active elements, LMWAO, catalase activity, but a higher ascorbic acid level (an endogenous antioxidant) compared to the indigenous population of industrial and agricultural districts. The decrease in lipid peroxidation and the increase in ascorbic acid in the population of Arctic districts may be explained by reduced anthropogenic stress and protein-lipid type nutrition, distinct from the population of other districts.
From “Deep” to “Dark”: The Revision of the Anthropological Foundations of an Environmental Entity
Authors: Butina A V , Kuzub O S , Medvedeva T V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses on the philosophical foundations of the problem of the relationship between humans and the environment. The authors analyze the interpretations existing in the contemporary intellectual discourse. The authors search for an adequate concept of a current ecological subject. Based on the study of the principles of “deep ecology” by A. Naess and the main provisions of the “dark ecology” project by T. Morton, the authors reveal the critical aspects of the criticism of ecological egocentrism. It consists in the fact that humanity always thought of themselves as the center and the highest link in the evolutionary development of the Universe, not recognizing the autonomy of nature. Moreover, all values projected onto nature are initially anthropocentric and presuppose an orientation towards serving people’s interests. The authors argue that a complimentary program of approaches is the call for the transformation of ecological thinking and its ethical reorientation. However, these approaches have fundamental differences. “Deep ecology” focuses on recognizing the intrinsic value of all life forms on the Earth and proposes a strategy of active, responsible attitude to the ecosystem. In turn, “dark ecology” removes the concept of “nature” from the ecological discourse and orientates a person to the praxis of non-interference and passive, contemplative existence in the world of complex “strange” objects.
Some Aspects of the Work of Silos as Cellular Structures with Static and Temperature Effects
Authors: Zimnyukov V A , Zborovskaya M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This work is devoted to studying the behavior of silos as cellular structures during their work on static and temperature effects. The paper presents the characteristic differences in the operation of metal and concrete silos, identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and considers the conditions of their work connected with the difficulty of storing “living” material backfill. The reasons for the destruction of metal silos are given. The work also evaluated the effect of surface tension of the moisture in the backfill at natural humidity and a backfill humidity higher than honest. The nature of the backfill behavior is shown depending on its moisture content. Information is given on the temperature distribution in the silo type cellular structure for seasonal and ten-day fluctuations in outdoor temperatures. It is proposed to consider the influence of these parameters in further research and design of cellular structures, including silos. It is also recommended to use the data given in the development of regulatory materials.
Ensuring Environmental Safety of the Arctic Region: The Case of Genomic Technologies
Authors: Voronina N P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Arctic is a unique macro-region of national and global significance. The vulnerability of its ecosystems predetermines the uniqueness of the region. The Arctic is a territory with significant natural and biological resources, including hydrocarbons. The Arctic is also a place of traditional residence and economic activity of indigenous people. Climate change can irreversibly alter the Arctic ecosystems. Therefore, the development of legal mechanisms for environmental protection of the Arctic is a priority. Currently, biotechnologies are becoming increasingly important. Using genomic technologies allows one to solve Arctic-specific problems, such as providing food security. However, the application of genomic technologies to environmental safety of the Arctic has not yet received proper research in Russia. The documents on strategic planning for the Arctic development indicate that the application of genomic technologies is, currently, environmentally inadequate. This is a consequence of a current lack of the Arctic environmental framework on applying genomic technologies. The principles of the “green” economy are integral to ensuring the environmental safety of the Arctic. Therefore, this paper aims to formulate the principles of environmental safety of the Arctic region in applying genomic technologies. The author employed comparative-legal and formal-logical methods to analyze the current political, legal, and regulatory acts on the development and environmental safety of the Arctic. As a result of the study, the authors formed the principles of ensuring the environmental security of the Arctic region in the implementation of genomic technologies. These principles may become the foundation for the ecological-legal paradigm of the Arctic.
Economic Viability of the Specialized Agricultural Micro-enterprises in the Altai Krai
Authors: Vorobyova V V , Vorobyov S P , Shlegel S V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Recently, there was a decline in the specific production of agricultural enterprises, which creates certain production and financial risks. This study examines the degree of financial dependency of micro-enterprises of the Altai Krai, taking into account the differences existing in the extent of their specialization and the proportion of various branches of production. The authors analyzed the financial status of agricultural holdings located in the Altai Krai. They were arranged into 30 production categories. The findings demonstrated that horticultural enterprises specializing in sugar beet, sunflower, and grain farming were the most resilient to market fluctuations. However, such specialization led to overproduction and high price volatility. Moreover, monoculture farming showed a violation of the crop rotation system and deterioration of the soil condition, which hinders economic growth. The authors rely on the economic statistical method. Enterprises were categorized based on the statistical analysis conducted by the authors, considering the degree of specialization and the combination of industries, which allowed to identify the main tendencies in the discussed field.
The Influence of Soil Use on the Intensity of Soil CO2 Emission in the Conditions of Moderately Arid and Forest-Outlier Steppe of the Altai Krai
Authors: Morkovkin G G , Strebkova A S , Maximova N B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The climate changes of recent decades are mainly due to human activities and an abnormal increase in greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide released by the soil during emission is of particular importance. Soil carbon dioxide emissions are closely associated with the microbiological activity of the soil and the intensity of the mineralization of organic matter, which depends on the technologies used in agriculture. One of the ways to reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere is to increase its content in soils. Based on experimental studies, the paper provides a comparative assessment of methods of soil use influencing the intensity of soil CO2 emission under a moderately arid and forest-outlier steppe of the Altai Krai. The paper reveals that the traditional technology of soil use significantly enhances the intensity of CO2 emission. It negatively affects the humus state and soil fertility indicators and increases carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. The use of minimal technology contributes to the conservation of carbon in the soil.
The Application of Digital Monitoring in Studying Soil Water Holding Capacity and Implications for Conservation Agriculture in the South-Western Siberia
Authors: Bondarovich A A , Matsyura A V , Schmidt Gerdt 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Kulunda Steppe is an example of soil degradation resulting from the intensive agricultural land use in the South Siberia. In this region, water is a limiting factor for crop production. Soil cultivation affects the soil’s physical properties, thus its water retention capacity. The study presents and discusses the results of measurements of the volume and availability of soil moisture at depths of 30cm, 60cm, and 120cm of loamy, low humus southern chernozems in the south of Western Siberia in the dry Kulunda Steppe during the 2013 and 2016 vegetation periods. We revealed some advantages of soil moisture conservation in the No-Tillage [NT] system compared with the system of deep tillage [DT]. At depths of up to 30 cm, there was a lower volume moisture level. Nevertheless, at depths of 60 cm, there was a higher moisture level in the NT system that could be considered a potential stock for individual crops during drought. Further measurements are needed to identify additional features of the NT soil conservation system.