bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Virtual Exchanges: Promoting Intercultural Knowledge When Study Abroad Is Not Possible
Authors: Dorroll Courtney , Caballero-Garcia Begona 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes how to create virtual exchanges during times when study abroad, in its original state, cannot be accomplished, such as during the COVID pandemic. It discusses how two professors from a liberal arts institution in the US American South used two virtual exchange projects with universities in Spain and Egypt to debunk stereotypes and fight national narrow-mindedness while promoting intercultural knowledge. Focusing on recognizing our own biases through active learning classrooms, promoting twenty-first-century skills, and using digital technologies have the potential of not only rethinking stereotypes, but also combating the notion of “West as best.” Developing relationships among U.S college students and university students from the countries they are studying, in this case Spain and Egypt, with virtual exchanges help all learners to empathize, understand, and stretch their perspectives. Building empathy and expanding perspectives can be transformational and ultimately help students become more inclusive, global citizens.
Valorization of Natural Antioxidants for Nutritional and Health Applications
Authors: Ferreira-Santos Pedro , Genisheva Zlatina , Botelho Claudia , Rocha Cristina , António Teixeira José 
Published: March 2021

The significant increase in the world population age, 47 years in 1950 to 73 years in 2020, resulted in an increase in aging related diseases as well as in degenerative diseases. In consequence, researchers have been focusing in the development of new therapies, with a particular emphasis on the use of compounds with antioxidant properties, namely phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the phytochemicals antioxidant capacity. Their use is broad, as they can be part of food supplements, medicine and cosmetics. The health benefit of antioxidant phytochemicals is an indisputable question. Phytochemical properties are highly influenced by the natural matrix as well as by extraction process, which have a key role. There are several extraction methods that can be applied depending on the chemical properties of the bioactive compounds. There is a wide range of solvents with different polarities, which allows a selective extraction of the desired target family of compounds. Greener technologies have the advantage to reduce extraction time and solvent quantity in comparison to the most traditional methods. This chapter will focus on the different green extraction strategies related to the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from natural sources, their nutritional and health potential.
Digitalisering i det danske sundhedsvæsen
Authors: Gjødsbø Iben Mundbjerg , Langstrup Henriette , Høyer Klaus , Kayser Lars , Vrangbæk Karsten 
Published: March 2021

Danmark fremhæves ofte som et af de mest digitaliserede lande i verden og som et foregangsland, når det kommer til it-systemer og digitale kommunikationsløsninger, der forbinder sundhedsvæsenets forskellige sektorer samt borger og stat (Kierkegaard, 2013; United Nations, 2020). Mange aktører har gennem årene set forskellige muligheder i digitalisering og brugt digitalt baserede løsninger til at adressere meget forskellige problemer, herunder koordination, tilgængelighed af information for behandlere, forebyggelse, kvalitetssikring, effektivisering, patientinddragelse, nye afregningsformer samt dokumentation af kliniske mål (Sundheds- og Ældreministeriet et al., 2018; Sundhedsministeriet, 2012). Senest har vi med lynimplementering af videokonsultationer set digitalisering som et middel til at opretholde eksisterende services virtuelt under COVID-19-pandemien. Digitalisering kan således være mange ting og tjene mange formål.
I denne artikel vil vi beskrive de væsentligste digitaliseringsinitiativer, der er blevet ført ud i livet i det danske sundhedsvæsen og af hvilke aktører. Beskrivelsen er på ingen måde udtømmende, men tegner et billede af den omfattende indflydelse, digitaliseringen har fået på vores sundhedssektor. På den baggrund diskuterer vi derefter, hvordan selve digitaliseringen afføder nye udfordringer for de involverede aktører.
Severe Perinatal Asphyxia and Risk of Neonatal Jaundice at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Imoudu I. A. , Yusuf M. O. , Aro A. T. , Akpabio P. E. , Waziri Z. M. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The risk factors of neonatal jaundice are largely known, yet there is little agreement on the association between it and perinatal asphyxia.
Aim: To investigate the association between severe perinatal asphyxia (SPA) and the risk of clinical jaundice (NNJ) among neonates managed at the Federal Medical Centre, Azare, Nigeria.
Methodology: Case control design was employed. Medical records of 315 babies managed at the special care baby unit from 1st January, 2011 to 31st December, 2018 were analysed. The exposure of interest was SPA and the outcome was jaundice. Logistic regression was applied to demonstrate the relationship between neonatal jaundice and SPA. Relative risk was provided as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
Results: Sixty-three cases and 252 controls were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the cases (4.39) and that of the controls (4.95 ) did not differ significantly (t= -0.52, P= 0.30). One hundred and fifty-six (61.9%) of the controls were males while 34 (54.0%) of the cases were females. For 59 (93.7%) of the cases treatment for jaundice was done with phototherapy and 1.6% required exchange blood transfusion. SPA significantly reduced the risk of developing NNJ (adjusted OR = 0.27, P-value ˂ 0.01).
Conclusion: We demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of developing neonatal jaundice with prior exposure to severe perinatal asphyxia. Prospective multicenter and community based studies correlated with serum bilirubin levels are recommended.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Association with Anaemia in Cameroon Patients, Using GastroPanel® Serological Biomarkers (Pepsinogen I; Pepsinogen II; Gastrin-17; Helicobacter pylori IgG)
Authors: Ebule Alonge Ivo , Ndze Valentine Ngum , Thierry Ngouana Kammalac , Ester Nken , Dominique Noah Noah , Maki Minna , Syrjanen Kari 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) together with chronic atrophic gastritis have also been associated to extragastric manifestations including neurological, dermatological, ocular, cardiovascular, metabolic, allergic diseases and hematologic disorders. Several studies have associatedH. pylori with anaemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Little or no data on the association of H. pylori infection andanaemia exist in Cameroon. We therefore evaluated the prevalence H. pylori infection among patients with anaemia.
Methodology: Blood samples were aseptically collected for the measurements Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies, pepsinogene I et II levels, gastrine-17 in a total of 150 patients during the period February to July 2020. The blood samples required for the study were collected prospectively. Ethical clairance was obtained from the Centre Regional Ethics Committee for Human Sciences. An authorization of research was obtained from the authorities of General Hospital of Yaounde. All participants signed an informed consent form.
Results: The GastroPanel® results showed that the prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was 90(60.00%).We observeda strong association of H. pylori with anaemia (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.08–4.46; p=0,02).
Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in patients with anaemia and thus requires continuous monitoring of these patients.
Study of Serum Uric Acid in Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Akhter Shahida , Rizwan A. S. M. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Hyperuricaemia is a metabolic marker of decreased renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). It increases cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and mortality risk in patients with CKD.
Objectives: To estimate serum uric acid level in different stages of CKD.
Methods: The present study was a cross sectional analytical study and was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2012 to June 2013 on 300 participants. They were divided into group A (150 control healthy participants) and group B (150 diagnosed cases of CKD). Serum creatinine and serum uric acid levels were measured by auto analyzer in Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine level by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. For statistical analysis unpaired Student “t” test, one way ANOVA test, Bonferroni test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) test and Linear regression were performed using SPSS for windows version 20.
Result: In this study, serum uric acid level was significantly (p<0.05) higher and eGFR were significantly lower in study groups than that of control group. There was gradual rise of serum uric acid level in CKD subjects from stage I to V. A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum uric acid level and eGFR. Serum uric acid level increased 0.048 mg/dl for each ml/min/1.73m2 decrease of eGFR.
Conclusion: This study concludes that serum uric acid level increases gradually in accordance with the higher stages of CKD. There is a negative correlation of serum uric acid with eGFR in all stages of CKD which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Screening of serum uric acid level in different stages of CKD may be beneficial for assessing renal damage as well as prediction of co-morbidities associated with it.
Pediatric Functional Constipation and Whey Protein: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Motavasselian Fateme , Emtiazy Majid , Shakiba Mehrdad , Aflatoonian Majid 
Published: March 2021

Background: Functional constipation is a chronic gastrointestinal disease in children. Pharmacological treatment of constipation is mostly based on the prescription of laxatives. In addition to this treatment, complementary therapies were also proposed to treat constipation. In this study, the effect of whey protein in the treatment of constipation was investigated.
Method and Materials: A total of 56 children with functional constipation within the age range of 1 to 16 years were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into the intervention (n=28) and control (n=28) groups. The intervention group received 15 g whey protein and the control group received 15 g placebo. Both groups received 0.4 - 0.8 gr/kg PEG powder. The amount of PEG was adjusted every four days based on having soft stools. Demographic information were collected and recorded. Furthermore, fecal consistency, stool frequency, symptoms of stool retention, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain were recorded prior to the intervention and at the second and fourth weeks of the intervention.
Results: All patients had soft daily stools at the end of the intervention. At the end of the fourth week, the mean required amounts of PEG powder were respectively 0.62 and 0.28 g/kg in the control and intervention groups, which showed a significant difference (p value ≤0.001).
Conclusion: Based on these findings, whey protein is safe and can improve constipation. However, more studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up period are needed to confirm the results of this study.
Abnormal lateralization in schizophrenia: empirical evidence for an integrated model
Authors: Karny N , Nachson I 
Published: July 2002

SummaryCerebral deficits in schizophrenia have been associated either with left hemisphere dysfunction, or with impairment in interhemispheric transfer. To test the relative efficacy of the two hypotheses, 63 right-handed subjects (24 paranoid schizophrenics, 21 nonparanoid schizophrenics, and 18 normal controls) were given two auditory lateral tasks: identification of dichotically delivered tonal sequences and digit sets. As the data analyses showed, more correct responses were given by the normal controls than by the patients, and by males than by females. Generally, report (especially from the ear reported second) was better from the right than from the left ear. This right ear advantage (which was more consistent in males than in females) was abnormally large for the paranoid schizophrenics who showed on both tests, relative to normal subjects, a slight decrement in right ear report and a significant decrement in left ear report. The data were interpreted as indicating left hemisphere dysfunction and structural callosal damage in paranoid schizophrenics.
Operations safety: an assessment of a commercial aviation safety program
Authors: McFadden Kathleen L. , Hosmane Balakrishna S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOperations safety is an important issue in operations management. While prior studies have focused on the operational performance of various airlines and airports, few have assessed the efficacy of government airline safety programs. This empirical study evaluates a commercial aviation safety program that sanctions pilots with alcohol‐related motor vehicle convictions. We compare a 5‐year period prior to the implementation of the program against a 5‐year period after implementation using data on over 160,000 commercial pilots. We conclude that the FAA’s handling of pilots with motor vehicle convictions has had a negligible effect on airline safety. These results have operational as well as public policy implications.
Excitotoxicity in neurological disorders — the glutamate paradox
Authors: Obrenovitch T.P. , Urenjak J. , Zilkha E. , Jay T.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBeneficial effects of glutamate‐receptor antagonists in models of neurological disorders are often used to support the notion that endogenous excitotoxicity (i.e. resulting from extracellular accumulation of endogenous glutamate) is a major contributor to neuronal death associated with these conditions. However, this interpretation conflicts with a number of robust and important experimental evidence. Here, emphasis is placed on two key elements: (i) very high extracellular levels of glutamate must be reached to initiate neuronal death, far above those measured in models of neurological disorders; and (ii) changes in extracellular glutamate as measured by microdialysis are not related to changes in the synaptic cleft, i.e. the compartment where neurotransmitter glutamate interacts with its receptors.It has become clear that the diversity and complexity of glutamate‐mediated processes allow for a wide range of potential abnormalities (e.g. loss of selectivity of glutamate‐operated ion channels, abnormal modulation of glutamate receptors). In addition, as neuronal death subsequent to ischemia and other insults is likely to result from multifactorial processes that may be inter‐related, inhibition of glutamate‐mediated synaptic transmission may be neuroprotective by increasing the resistance of neurons to other deleterious mechanisms (e.g. inadequate energy supply) that are not directly related to glutamatergic transmission.
Cell‐Based Delivery Systems: Emerging Carriers for Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Zhaoting , Wang Yixin , Ding Yingyue , Repp Lauren , Kwon Glen S. , Hu Quanyin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is leading a paradigm shift in the treatment of various diseases, including tumors, auto‐immune diseases, and infectious diseases. However, the limited response rate and systemic side effects significantly impede the clinical applications of immunotherapy. As natural carriers for proteins and molecules, cells with low immunogenicity and toxicity have attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications and have achieved encouraging progress especially in immunotherapy. The convergence of multiple disciplines has equipped cell‐based delivery systems with control over their spatiotemporal distribution to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce side effects. Here, an overview of the fundamentals and design principles of cell‐based delivery systems followed by a perspective that includes the most recent advances of various cells as delivery carriers, with a special focus on the implications of cell‐based delivery systems for immunotherapy is offered.
Biomimetic Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Tool for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zinger Assaf , Soriano Sirena , Baudo Gherardo , De Rosa Enrica , Taraballi Francesca , Villapol Sonia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers both central and peripheral inflammatory responses. Existing pharmacological drugs are unable to effectively and quickly target the brain inflamed regions, setting up a major roadblock towards effective brain trauma treatments. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used in multiple diseases as drug delivery tools with remarkable success due to their rapid diffusion and specificity in the target organ. Here, leukocyte‐based biomimetic NPs are fabricated as a theranostic tool to directly access inflamed regions in a TBI mouse model. This NP systemic delivery is visualized using advanced in vivo imaging techniques, including intravital microscopy and in vivo imaging system. The results demonstrate selective targeting of NPs to the injured brain and increased NPs accumulation among the peripheral organs 24 h after TBI. Interestingly, increased microglial proliferation, decreased macrophage infiltration, and reduced brain lesion following the NPs treatments compared to sham vehicle‐treated mice are also found. In summary, the results suggest that NPs represent a promising future theranostic tool for TBI treatment.
Light‐Controlled Nanosystem with Size‐Flexibility Improves Targeted Retention for Tumor Suppression
Authors: Luo Huanhuan , Kong Li , Zhang Feng , Huang Chenglong , Chen Jiayi , Zhang Hongbo , Yu Han , Zheng Song , Xu Hongwei , Zhang Yiran , Deng Lianfu , Chen Gang , Santos Hélder A. , Cui Wenguo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAlthough great promise has been achieved with nanomedicines in cancer therapy, limitations are still encountered, such as short retention time in the tumor. Herein, a nanosystem that can modulate the particle size in situ by near‐infrared (NIR) light is self‐assembled by cross‐linking the surface‐modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) from the up‐conversion nanoparticle with indocyanine green and doxorubicin–nitrobenezene–polyethylene glycol (DOX–NB–PEG). The nanosystem with its small size (≈100 nm) achieves better tumor targeting, while the PEG on the surface of the nanosystem can effectively shield the adsorption of proteins during blood circulation, maintaining a stable nanostructure and achieving good tumor targeting. Moreover, the nanosystem at the tumor realizes the rapid shedding of PEG on its surface by NIR irradiation, and the enhanced cellular uptake. At the same time, aggregation occurs inside the nanosystem to form bigger particles (≈600 nm) in situ, prolonging the retention time at the tumor and producing enhanced targeted therapeutic effects. In vitro data show higher cellular uptake and a higher rate of apoptosis after irradiation, and the in vivo data prove that the nanosystem have a longer residence time at the tumor site after NIR irradiation. This nanosystem demonstrates an effective therapeutic strategy in targeted synergistic tumors.
Stable Metallicity of Low Dimentional WCrC Derivatives: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Liu Guogang , Chen Tong , Xu Liang , Dong Xiansheng , Cen Kangwei , Zhu Yuyuan , Xu Zhonghui , Xiao Xianbo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe rapid development of 2D material MXenes family brings new opportunities for the application and development of materials science. Here, the structural and electronic properties of WCrC monolayer and its nanoribbons, and the effects of add‐atom adsorption in combination with strain engineering are presented by using first‐principles calculation. The result reveals that pristine WCrC monolayer is always dynamically stable and exhibits metallicity. Within a certain coverage range, the metallic WCrC monolayer can be transformed into semi‐metallic WCrCO2 with dual narrow band gap by adsorbing O atoms, but adsorbed H and Cl atoms cannot change its metal behavior. Moreover, the spin‐splitting of WCrC monolayer is obvious, but when the compressive strain increases to 8%, the energy bands of WCrC monolayer achieve a singular behavior of spin degeneracy. However, neither compressive strain nor tensile strain changes the metallicity of WCrC monolayer. Meanwhile, WCrC nanoribbons with diverse boundaries configurations and edge‐terminated atoms are all metallic, which indicates that boundary configurations and edge‐terminated atoms are not the key factors affecting the metallicity of WCrC nanoribbons. These results suggest that WCrC derivatives are mainly metallic materials, which are expected to be applied in the field of spintronics and may provide new opportunities for the development of metal ion battery electrodes.
Significance of the Glasgow prognostic score for short‐term surgical outcomes: A nationwide survey using the Japanese National Clinical Database
Authors: Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kumamaru Hiraku , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Usune Shiyori , Kamiya Kinji , Miyata Hiroaki , Konno Hiroyuki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPreoperative inflammation‐based Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) is a useful tool for predicting long‐term prognosis in cancer patients. However, its association with postoperative short‐term outcomes remains unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between GPS and postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing surgery for various gastrointestinal malignancies.MethodsUsing the Japanese National Clinical Database, we analyzed the records of 312 357 patients with gastrointestinal malignancy who underwent six typical elective surgeries, including esophagectomy, distal gastrectomy, total gastrectomy, right hemicolectomy, low anterior resection, and pancreaticoduodenectomy, between January 2015 and December 2018. We assigned GPS of 0, 1, or 2 to patients with no, one, or both decreased albumin and elevated C‐reactive protein levels, respectively. We investigated the relationship of GPS with operative morbidity and mortality for each procedure with adjustments for patients' demographics, preoperative status, comorbidities, and cancer stages.ResultsCrude operative morbidity was significantly higher for GPS 1 and 2 than GPS 0 patients in all procedures except pancreaticoduodenectomy. The postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly longer for GPS 1 and 2 patients in all procedures (P < .001). Operative mortality was also higher for GPS 1 and 2 patients in all procedures. The associations remained significant after adjustments for potential confounders of age, sex, physical status, tumor classification, use of preoperative therapy, and comorbidities.ConclusionThis nationwide study provides solid evidence on the strong association between GPS and postoperative outcomes.