bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Resilience: Managing Waste in the Racialized Anthropocene
Authors: Resnick Elana 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTRecent anthropological attention to more‐than‐human life has neglected the importance of race and racialization in human responses to environmental change. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with waste management institutions and Romani waste laborers in urban Bulgaria, this article invokes the concept of the racialized Anthropocene to destabilize the unmarked whiteness upon which the turn to humans‐as‐a‐species—anthropos—is founded. Habituation is central to both EU waste policy and the generative strategies Romani street sweepers use to manage accumulated waste and the conditions of their racialized labor. I call these creative and quotidian strategies anthropogenic management. Anthropogenic management disrupts the resiliency paradigm that has become commonplace in analyses of how people respond to circumstances not of their own making. As such, it bridges the Anthropocene, marked by waste accumulation at a planetary scale, with the everyday conditions of racialization through the embodied labor of managing other people's trash. [waste, labor, race, Bulgaria]
Love as understanding
Authors: MAQSOOD AMMARA 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn middle‐class Pakistan, marriage is the prescribed future for all women, but premarital contact between the sexes is discouraged. To find the right partner, then, without visibly flouting social norms, requires a skillful balancing act between private interests and aspirations, and between public representations and collective concerns. Young women often navigate these conflicting demands by developing what they call an understanding: a secret premarital relationship that they normalize by involving family at a late stage to orchestrate an arranged marriage. Firmly enmeshed within the social life of joint families, understandings are an instance neither of defying patriarchal norms nor of pursuing self‐cultivation within them. Instead, they offer a window into how young women live and explore new possibilities within the vestiges of normative structures. [love, marriage, desire, morality, consumption, joint family, Lahore, Pakistan]
Criteria for placenta accreta spectrum in the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics classification, and topographic invasion area are associated with massive hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa
Authors: Ishibashi Hiroki , Miyamoto Morikazu , Iwahashi Hideki , Matsuura Hiroko , Kakimoto Soichiro , Sakamoto Takahiro , Hada Taira , Takano Masashi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionPlacenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a life‐threatening disease that results in massive hemorrhage. The clinical and histologic criteria of PAS were adopted according to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification. We aimed to investigate whether FIGO criteria and topography were associated with maternal complications in patients with placenta previa.Material and methodsPatients with placenta previa who underwent cesarean section at our institution between January 2003 and December 2019 were identified. First, they were divided based on FIGO classification, as follows: Group A, with clinical criteria; Group B, with histologic criteria; and Group C: without clinical or histologic criteria. Next, cases with PAS were classified according to the topographic invasion area, as follows: type 1, upper posterior bladder; type 2, lower posterior bladder; type 3, parametrium; type 4, posterior lower uterine segment. Predictive factors for massive hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsAmong the 350 patients, 24 (6.9%) were classified as Group A, 16 (4.6%) as Group B and 310 (88.5%) as Group C. Regarding maternal history and hemostatic procedures, there were no significant factors other than hysterectomy (p < .01) in Groups A and B. The volume of blood loss in both Groups A and B was greater than in Group C (p < .01). The rates of uterine artery embolization and blood transfusion were higher in Groups A and B than in Group C (p < .01). In addition, there were no significant factors other than hysterectomy between Groups A and B. In the multivariate analysis for massive hemorrhage, Group A (odds ratio: 2.73, p = .04) and Group B (odds ratio: 12.69, p < .01) were identified as independent predictive factors. In addition, massive hemorrhage was closely related to the lower posterior bladder and parametrial invasion in both Groups A and B.ConclusionsBoth clinical and histologic criteria for PAS in the FIGO classification were associated with massive hemorrhage. Diagnosing clinical PAS using the FIGO classification, additional hemostatic procedures might be necessary according to the topographic invasion area.
The Earned Income Tax Credit: Targeting the poor but crowding out wealth
Authors: Froemel Maren , Gottlieb Charles 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper quantifies the individual, aggregate and welfare effects of the US Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). In particular, we analyze the labour supply and saving responses to changes in tax credit generosity and their implications for prices and welfare. Our results show that the EITC is a subsidy on labour income and a tax on savings. An increase in EITC generosity raises labour force participation, reduces savings for many and provides insurance to working poor households. The EITC reduces earnings inequality but increases the skill premium and wealth inequality. A 10% increase in tax credit generosity increases welfare by 0.31% and benefits the majority of the population.
Can we better define stewardship for public sector executives? A research agenda
Authors: Simpkins Leah , Beaudry Myriam , Lemyre Louise 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBuilding on an emerging body of literature, this research note aims to develop key features of stewardship through documenting the narratives of executives in the Canadian federal public service. Content analysis of interviews converged towards a conceptualization of stewardship based on four themes: 1) service over self‐interest, 2) sustainability of the public service beyond one’s career, 3) working with a collective orientation, and 4) mission‐focused management of resources. Results also revealed contextual factors fostering and hindering stewardship such as empowering work processes, collaboration practices and network facilitation. Implications of these results are discussed, as well as avenues for future research.
Learning From “Thinkers”: Parent Epistemological Understanding Predicts Individual Differences in Children’s Judgments About Reasoners
Authors: Suárez Sarah , Koenig Melissa A. 
Published: March 2021

Four‐, 5‐, and 6‐year olds (N = 102) observed agents perform a reasoning task that required gathering hidden evidence. An agent who made sound inferences was contrasted with an agent who made either unsound inferences (UI; failed to base conclusion on gathered evidence) or guesses (failed to gather evidence). Four‐year olds attributed knowledge to all agents and endorsed their conclusions widely. However, 5‐ and 6‐year olds’ knowledge attributions were mitigated by UI, and 6‐year olds neither attributed knowledge to a guesser nor endorsed his conclusions. Notably, parents’ tendency to make evaluativist epistemological judgments—which place value in evidence as a basis for belief—predicted children’s reluctance to learn from and credit knowledge to poor reasoners. Parents’ evaluativist judgments also predicted children’s selective learning about object functions.
Relationship between de novo lipogenesis and serum sex hormone binding globulin in humans
Authors: Simons Pomme I. H. G. , Valkenburg Olivier , Telgenkamp Ine , van der Waaij Koen M. , de Groot David M. , Veeraiah Pandichelvam , Bons Judith A. P. , Taskinen Marja‐Riitta , Borén Jan , Schrauwen Patrick , Rutten Joost H. W. , Cassiman David , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. , Hodson Leanne , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveObesity and liver fat are associated with decreased levels of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Laboratory studies suggest that hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is involved in the downregulation of SHBG synthesis. The aim of the present study was to address the role of DNL on serum SHBG in humans.DesignA cross‐sectional study examining the association between DNL, measured by stable isotopes, and serum SHBG, stratified by sex.ParticipantsHealthy men (n = 34) and women (n = 21) were combined from two cross‐sectional studies. Forty‐two per cent of participants had hepatic steatosis, and the majority were overweight (62%) or obese (27%).ResultsDNL was inversely associated with SHBG in women (β: −0.015, 95% CI: −0.030; 0.000), but not in men (β: 0.007, 95% CI: −0.005; 0.019) (p for interaction = .068). Adjustment for study population, age and body mass index did not materially change these results, although statistical significance was lost after adjustment for serum insulin.ConclusionsAn inverse association between DNL and SHBG may explain the decreased SHBG levels that are observed in obesity, at least in women.
In patients with controlled acromegaly, indices of glucose homeostasis correlate with IGF‐1 levels rather than with type of treatment
Authors: Decock Amelie , Verroken Charlotte , Van de Velde Frederique , Vilsbøll Tina , Holst Jens Juul , T'Sjoen Guy , Lapauw Bruno 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcromegaly is accompanied by abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism which improve upon treatment. Few studies have investigated whether these improvements differ between treatment modalities. This study aimed to compare glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles and postprandial gut hormone response in patients with controlled acromegaly according to actual treatment.DesignCross‐sectional study at a tertiary care centre.PatientsTwenty‐one patients with acromegaly under stable control (ie insulin growth factor 1 [IGF1] levels below sex‐ and age‐specific thresholds and a random growth hormone level <1.0 µg/L) after surgery (n = 5), during treatment with long‐acting somatostatin analogues (n = 10) or long‐acting somatostatin analogues + pegvisomant (n = 6) were included.MeasurementsGlucose, insulin, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol were measured in fasting serum samples. Glucose, insulin, triglycerides, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide 1 were measured during a mixed meal test. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp.ResultsThere were no significant differences in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity or postprandial gut hormone responses between the three groups. Positive correlations between IGF1 levels and HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin levels and postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin and also an inverse association between IGF1 and glucose disposal rate were found in the whole cohort (all p < .05, lowest p = .001 for postprandial AUC glucose with rs = 0.660).ConclusionIn this cross‐sectional study in patients with controlled acromegaly, there were no differences in glucose homeostasis or postprandial substrate metabolism according to treatment modality. However, a lower IGF1 level seems associated with a better metabolic profile.
GCH1 mutations in hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Varghaei Parizad , Yoon Grace , Estiar Mehrdad A. , Veyron Simon , Leveille Etienne , Dupré Nicolas , Trempe Jean‐François , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGCH1 mutations have been associated with dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)‐deficient hyperphenylalaninemia B. Recently, GCH1 mutations have been reported in five patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Here, we analyzed a total of 400 HSP patients (291 families) from different centers across Canada by whole exome sequencing (WES). Three patients with heterozygous GCH1 variants were identified: monozygotic twins with a p.(Ser77_Leu82del) variant, and a patient with a p.(Val205Glu) variant. The former variant is predicted to be likely pathogenic and the latter is pathogenic. The three patients presented with childhood‐onset lower limb spasticity, hyperreflexia and abnormal plantar responses. One of the patients had diurnal fluctuations, and none had parkinsonism or dystonia. Phenotypic differences between the monozygotic twins were observed, who responded well to levodopa treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that GCH1 shares processes and pathways with other HSP‐associated genes, and structural analysis of the variants indicated a disruptive effect. In conclusion, GCH1 mutations may cause HSP; therefore, we suggest a levodopa trial in HSP patients and including GCH1 in the screening panels of HSP genes. Clinical differences between monozygotic twins suggest that environmental factors, epigenetics, and stochasticity could play a role in the clinical presentation.
Association between periodontitis treatment outcomes and peri‐implantitis: A long‐term retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vagia Panagiota , Papalou Ioanna , Burgy Alexandre , Tenenbaum Henri , Huck Olivier , Davideau Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesRetrospectively evaluate the association of periodontal treatment outcomes and the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases around tissue‐level implants.Materials and MethodsEighty‐six patients with 260 tissue‐level implants attending supporting periodontal and implant therapy for more than 3 years were evaluated. Clinical and radiographic periodontal and implant data were recorded at initial examination (T0), before implant placement (T1) and at final re‐examination (T2). Two definitions of peri‐implantitis severity, PIBE and PIKA, were used corresponding to the presence of periodontal pocket ≥5 mm or ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing or suppuration and radiographic signs of a bone level ≥2 mm, or ≥3 mm during implant follow‐up, respectively. Analyses were performed at patient level.ResultsThe mean implant follow‐up per patient was 9.4 years and 38.0% of patients had implant for at least 10 years. Two implants were lost due to peri‐implantitis. The prevalence of patients with PIKA and PIBE was 15.1% and 12.8%, respectively. Residual periodontal pockets, clinical attachment loss and bone loss/age at T2 were more pronounced in patients with PIKA and PIBE. Cox regression analysis adjusted with the number of implants per patient showed that residual pockets at T1 were independently associated with PIKA and PIBE. Initial diagnosis of severe periodontitis was associated with PIBE incidence.ConclusionsThe present study showed that periodontal conditions before implant placement are a risk indicator for peri‐implantitis incidence. During implant follow‐up, the severity of periodontal status appeared to be a reliable indicator of patient susceptibility to peri‐implantitis.
Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor rapidly triggers calcium‐dependent serotonin release in vitro
Authors: Paul Nicolas , Raymond Justine , Lumbreras Sara , Bartsch Dusan , Weber Tillmann , Lau Thorsten 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsGlucocorticoids rapidly provoke serotonin (5‐HT) release in vivo. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐triggered 5‐HT release.MethodsEmploying 1C11 cells to model 5‐HT neurotransmission, immunofluorescence and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze colocalization of GR, 5‐HT, vesicle membrane protein synaptotagmin 1 and vesicle dye FM4‐64FX. FFN511 and FM4‐64FX dyes as well as calcium imaging were used to visualize vesicular 5‐HT release upon application of GR agonist dexamethasone, GR antagonist mifepristone and voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) inhibitors.ResultsGR, 5‐HT, synaptotagmin 1 and FM4‐64FX showed overlapping staining patterns, with Pearson's Correlation Coefficient indicating colocalization. Similarly to potassium chloride, dexamethasone caused a release of FFN511 and uptake of FM4‐64FX, indicating vesicular 5‐HT release. Mifepristone, calcium depletion and inhibition of L‐type VGCC significantly diminished dexamethasone‐induced vesicular 5‐HT release.ConclusionsIn close proximity to 5‐HT releasing sites, activated GR rapidly triggers L‐type VGCC‐dependent vesicular 5‐HT release. These findings provide a better understanding of the interrelationship between glucocorticoids and 5‐HT release.
Nickel release from metallic earrings: A survey of the Danish market and validation of the nickel spot test
Authors: Wennervaldt Michael , Ahlström Malin G. , Menné Torkil , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to nickel releasing ear piercing jewellery may explain the persistently high prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe. While nickel release from earrings is regulated, field studies show that the regulation is not always respected. More knowledge is needed regarding the risk of piercing exposure including suitable screening methods.ObjectiveTo examine the proportion of earrings on the Danish market that release more nickel than allowed, and to validate the use of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test as a screening tool.MethodsA total of 304 earrings were purchased and tested with the DMG test and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. The level of nickel release was quantified in a selected subsample of 100 earrings by the European reference test EN 1811. The DMG spot test was validated against EN 1811 at different thresholds.ResultsExcessive nickel release according to the European regulation was found in 45 (14.8%) tested earrings. The sensitivity of the DMG test decreased with reduced levels of nickel release (sensitivity of 45.2% at ≥0.2 μg/cm2/week vs 61.1% at >0.5 μg/cm2/week).ConclusionExcessive nickel release is common in earrings on the Danish market. Because of low sensitivity, the DMG test has limited use in screening of earrings for research but may still be used clinically.
Colonoscopy quality indicators in patients with and without prior colonic resection: A single‐centre prospective comparative study
Authors: Bhat Sameer , Wells Cameron I. , Tan Jeffrey , Bissett Ian P. , Lill Marianne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimEffective colonoscopy relies on meeting rigorous quality control thresholds. Some earlier studies evaluating colonoscopy key performance indicators (KPIs) have excluded patients who have previously undergone colonic resection (i.e., they have a nonintact colon); such patients also deserve high‐quality colonoscopy. This study aimed to compare colonoscopy KPIs between patients with nonintact and intact colons.MethodConsecutive colonoscopies performed at Whanganui Hospital (New Zealand) between September 2016 and March 2020 were included. The primary outcome was the caecal or ileal intubation rate (CIIR). Secondary outcomes were the adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp detection rate (PDR), colonoscope withdrawal time (CWT) and caecal or ileal intubation time (CIIT).ResultsIn total, 3017 colonoscopies were performed: 322 in nonintact colons and 2695 in intact colons. CIIR was significantly higher in nonintact than in intact colons (98.4% vs. 95.0%; P = 0.0086). When all colonoscopies were included, the CIIR was 95.4%; this value decreased to 95.0% when nonintact colonoscopies were excluded. However, the ADR (39.9% vs. 38.8%; P = 0.77) and PDR (58.4% vs. 59.1%; P = 0.86) were similar for both nonintact and intact colons. CWT (P < 0.0001) and CIIT (P < 0.0001) were significantly shorter in participants with nonintact colons.ConclusionThe CIIR exceeded recommended targets and was 3.4% higher in patients with nonintact than intact colons. Patients with nonintact colons comprise a small proportion of the overall colonoscopy cohort and it is unlikely that this small difference is relevant for most endoscopists or endoscopy units. The ADR and PDR were similar among patients with nonintact and intact colons, despite nonintact colonoscopies being significantly quicker. Patients with nonintact colons deserve high‐quality colonoscopy and therefore their KPIs should be included in colonoscopy performance reports.
Coexistence of three nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis with typical, cutaneous adenolipoma‐like, and dermal spindle cell lipoma‐like histopathological features in a patient
Authors: Shiomi Tatsushi , Matsuno Mei , Nishimura Hirotake , Moriya Takuya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe report an unique case of a patient who showed coexistence of three nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis (NLCS) with typical, cutaneous adenolipoma (AL)‐like, and dermal spindle cell lipoma (SCL)‐like histopathological features. A 53‐year‐old woman presented with a 20‐year history of skin‐colored and slightly elevated nodules. These lesions were separately located on the lateral side (lesion 1) and medial side (lesion 2) of her left buttock and on her right thigh (lesion 3). Microscopically, all were ill‐defined dermal lesions with some subcutaneous involvement and were mostly composed of mature adipocytes. The adipocytes formed small aggregates around blood vessels in the upper dermis. Lesions 1, 2, and 3 were diagnosed as NLCS, and additional features were recognized in lesions 2 and 3. Lesion 2 revealed eccrine glands and ducts amongst the lipomatous component, as seen in cutaneous AL. Lesion 3 had scattered CD34‐positive spindle cells, which is representative of dermal SCL. These appearances were considered to be on the morphological spectrum of NLCS. In all three lesions, CD34‐positive cells proliferated between the upper dermal blood vessels and their peripheral mature adipocytes. This pathological finding could be principal in NLCS and might be associated with its pathogenesis.
Alcohol and cocaine use prior to suspected suicide: Insights from toxicology
Authors: Bailey James , Kalk Nicola J. , Andrews Rebecca , Yates Sarah , Nahar Limon , Kelleher Michael , Paterson Susan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigates whether there is a relationship between alcohol and cocaine use in deaths where suicide by self‐injury is the suspected cause of death.MethodsAdults referred by coroners to the Imperial College London Toxicology Unit for toxicological analysis between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed for inclusion criteria. Those who died by self‐injury reasoned to be deliberate were included in the analysis. Femoral blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and presence of cocaine or benzoylecognine (a metabolite of cocaine) in blood and/or urine were tabulated and odds ratios calculated.ResultsA total of 1722 decedents met inclusion criteria. BAC was ≥50 mg/dL in 29% of decedents. Cocaine was detected in 8.4% of cases. The likelihood of testing positive for cocaine increased with BAC and was most frequent between 100 and 199 mg/dL, consistent with moderate to severe intoxication (odds ratio 5.88, 95% confidence interval 3.80, 9.09; P ≤ 0.001) compared to those with BAC <10 mg/dL.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a correlation between increasing BAC and likelihood of cocaine use prior to suspected suicide, up to a level consistent with severe intoxication. Cocaine use was found in a high proportion of cases relative to the general population reporting regular use. This pattern of drug and alcohol use has previously been given little attention in suicide prevention strategies and clinical prioritisation.