bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatality in a body packer: the first reported case in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaif Dalia , Almoghannam Salah Ali , Almadani Osama M. , Kharoshah Magdi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundBody packers use different methods and materials to pack drugs inside their bodies. These could be simple or sophisticated to ensure a successful transfer or concealment of the drug with minimal risk to the packer. Different drugs were reported with cocaine and heroin being the most common. The packer presents to health facilities whenever they develop complications like drug leakage or intestinal obstruction, or they can be detected after a fatal event as an incidental finding in autopsy.Case presentationA body packer who was in detention suffered pain and died shortly after that. The autopsy not only revealed severe coronary atherosclerosis but also unveiled 10 rubber packages filled with methamphetamine and cannabis, and one package was found ruptured in the mouth. Toxicological analysis showed a blood level of methamphetamine 3.66 mg/L which was considered a cause of death. While methamphetamine was reported in cases of body packers, cannabis is rarely concealed by body packers for several reasons including its cost compared to the risk of packing.ConclusionsThis is the first reported case of fatality in body packers in Saudi Arabia and Arab countries. This should put into consideration the need for screening suspicious cases who are involved or suspected to be involved with drugs. Effective screening in specific facilities is needed to reduce fatalities and at the same time lowering drug smuggling.
Review of light field technologies
Authors: Zhou Shuyao , Zhu Tianqian , Shi Kanle , Li Yazi , Zheng Wen , Yong Junhai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLight fields are vector functions that map the geometry of light rays to the corresponding plenoptic attributes. They describe the holographic information of scenes by representing the amount of light flowing in every direction through every point in space. The physical concept of light fields was first proposed in 1936, and light fields are becoming increasingly important in the field of computer graphics, especially with the fast growth of computing capacity as well as network bandwidth. In this article, light field imaging is reviewed from the following aspects with an emphasis on the achievements of the past five years: (1) depth estimation, (2) content editing, (3) image quality, (4) scene reconstruction and view synthesis, and (5) industrial products because the technologies of lights fields also intersect with industrial applications. State-of-the-art research has focused on light field acquisition, manipulation, and display. In addition, the research has extended from the laboratory to industry. According to these achievements and challenges, in the near future, the applications of light fields could offer more portability, accessibility, compatibility, and ability to visualize the world.
Equivalent VTE rates after total joint arthroplasty using thromboprophylaxis with aspirin versus potent anticoagulants: retrospective analysis of 4562 cases across a diverse healthcare system
Authors: Matzko Chelsea , Berliner Zachary P. , Husk Gregg , Mina Bushra , Nisonson Barton , Hepinstall Matthew S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Guidelines support aspirin thromboprophylaxis for primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) but supporting evidence has come from high volume centers and the practice remains controversial.

Methods
We studied 4562 Medicare patients who underwent elective primary THA (1736, 38.1%) or TKA (2826, 61.9%) at 9 diverse hospitals. Thirty-day claims data were combined with data from the health system’s electronic medical records to compare rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) between patients who received prophylaxis with: (1) aspirin alone (47.3%), (2) a single, potent anticoagulant (29%), (3) antiplatelet agents other than aspirin or multiple anticoagulants (21.5%), or (4) low-dose subcutaneous unfractionated heparin or no anticoagulation (2.2%). Sub-analyses separately evaluating THA, TKA and cases from lower volume hospitals (n = 975) were performed.

Results
The 30-day VTE incidence was 0.6% (29/4562). VTE rates were equal in patients receiving aspirin and those receiving a single potent anticoagulant (0.5% in both groups). Patients with VTE were significantly older than patients without VTE (mean 76.5 vs. 73.1 years, P = 0.04). VTE rate did not associate with sex or hospital case volume. On bivariate analysis considering age, aspirin did not associate with greater VTE risk compared to a single potent anticoagulant (OR = 2.1, CI = 0.7–6.3) with the numbers available. Odds of VTE were increased with use of subcutaneous heparin or no anticoagulant (OR = 6.4, CI = 1.2–35.6) and with multiple anticoagulants (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.1–11.2). THA and TKA demonstrated similar rates of VTE (0.5% vs. 0.7%, respectively, P = 0.43). Of 975 cases done at lower volume hospitals, 387 received aspirin, none of whom developed VTE.

Conclusions
This study provides further support for aspirin as an effective form of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty in the setting of a multi-modal regimen using 30-day outcomes. VTE occurred in 0.7% of primary joint arthroplasties. Aspirin prophylaxis did not associate with greater VTE risk compared to potent anticoagulants in the total population or at lower volume hospitals.
Space-time mapping of co-working spaces in Cairo: shifting paradigms from openness to technologically controlled spaces
Authors: Mourad Heba , Shafik Zeinab , El-Husseiny Momen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe paper demonstrates how co-working spaces, with their openness ideologies that are not only manifested in sharing space, but also sharing knowledge and generating access to nonhierarchical productive opportunities, are being subsumed into reinforcing neoliberal exclusiveness. The paper questions the openness of co-working spaces that reconciled with the dominant ideologies of 2011 Cairo, setting the stage to the mushrooming of co-working spaces inside Cairo’s apartment buildings as zones of relative freedom. Through space-time mapping of the emergence of co-working spaces in Cairo, in addition to interviews with co-workers, co-founders, and managers of co-working spaces, the spatial appropriation and accessibility of co-working spaces are demonstrated. Using content analysis and space syntax analysis, the study differentiates between two paradigmatic shifts in the spatial appropriation of co-working spaces—from democratizing digital infrastructure in the aftermath of 2011, to being subsumed by technological capitalist ventures by the end of 2015 into a closed paradigm, they originally emerged to defy—and compares between the spatial accessibility, visual accessibility, and social diversity of the two waves of co-working spaces. Using Cairo’s co-working spaces as a case study, this paper shows how ideologies of openness “neutral” as they may seem, can serve to legitimize exclusiveness, emphasizing how ideas—as men—can be socially located, and serve to legitimize a particular social situation.
To triage or not to triage? The history and evidence for this model of care in psychiatry
Authors: Pinto da Costa Mariana , Salimkumar Dhanya , Chivers James Gary 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYTriage wards were introduced as a new model of psychiatric in-patient care in 2004. However, there is limited evidence comparing them with the traditional in-patient models of care. This article reviews the history of triage wards, their principles, the evidence for this model (e.g. length of in-patient stay, readmission rates, staff and patient satisfaction) and the development of assessment wards based on the triage model of care. The evidence shows that the triage model has higher rates of rapid discharge, with a greater proportion of ‘acute care’ performed in the community with the support of home treatment teams. This leads to lower bed occupancy in the triage wards without increased rates of readmission or a worse patient experience of in-patient care. However, overall staff experience was better in the traditional model, given that staff satisfaction rates were lower on locality wards in settings with triage systems in place. Future research should explore the potential impact on home treatment teams, and the rates of serious incidents due to the high number of acutely unwell patients on triage wards.
Psychiatrists should investigate their patients less
Authors: Butler Matthew , Scott Fraser , Stanton Biba , Rogers Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

SummaryPsychiatrists often order investigations such as blood tests, neuroimaging and electroencephalograms for their patients. Rationales include ruling out ‘organic’ causes of psychiatric presentations, providing baseline parameters before starting psychotropic medications, and screening for general cardiometabolic health. Hospital protocols often recommend an extensive panel of blood tests on admission to a psychiatric ward. In this Against the Stream article, we argue that many of these investigations are at best useless and at worst harmful: the yield of positive findings that change clinical management is extremely low; special investigations are a poor substitute for a targeted history and examination; and incidental findings may cause anxiety and further unwarranted investigation. Cognitive and cultural reasons why over-investigation continues are discussed. We conclude by encouraging a more targeted approach guided by a thorough bedside clinical assessment.
Psychosocial function, legal involvement and violence in mental disorder
Authors: Buchanan Alec , Moore Kelly E. , Pittman Brian , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The correlates of legally significant outcomes that have been identified in people with mental disorders are of limited value in understanding the mechanisms by which these outcomes occur.

Aims
To describe the relationships between mental disorder, impaired psychosocial function, and three legally significant outcomes in a representative sample of the US population.

Methods
We used a population survey, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC-III, sample size 36,309), to identify people who self-reported serious trouble with the police or the law over the past 12 months and two lifetime outcomes, being incarcerated and engaging in violence to others. DSM-5 categories were generated using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5. Psychosocial function was assessed using social and role-emotional function scores of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Version 2.

Results
Participants with mental disorder, but not people with no diagnosis, who reported serious trouble with the police or with the law during the previous 12 months reported significantly worse psychosocial function than those who did not report such trouble. The size of the statistical effect varied by diagnosis, moderate for some forms of mental illness and for alcohol abuse and nonsignificant for drug abuse and the personality disorders. Effect sizes were largest for diagnoses where legally significant outcomes were least common.

Conclusions
The effect of impaired psychosocial function, for instance in disrupting family and social networks that would otherwise protect against these legally significant outcomes, warrants further investigation in studies with longitudinal designs.
Comparing Findings From a Friends of Cancer Research Exploratory Analysis of Real-World End Points With the Cancer Analysis System in England
Authors: Horvat Pia , Gray Christen M. , Lambova Alexandrina , Christian Jennifer B. , Lasiter Laura , Stewart Mark , Allen Jeff , Clarke Paul , Chen Cong , Reich Adam 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE This study compared real-world end points extracted from the Cancer Analysis System (CAS), a national cancer registry with linkage to national mortality and other health care databases in England, with those from diverse US oncology data sources, including electronic health care records, insurance claims, unstructured medical charts, or a combination, that participated in the Friends of Cancer Research Real-World Evidence Pilot Project 1.0. Consistency between data sets and between real-world overall survival (rwOS) was assessed in patients with immunotherapy-treated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with aNSCLC, diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2017, who initiated treatment with approved programmed death ligand-1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitors until March 2018 were included. Real-world end points, including rwOS and real-world time to treatment discontinuation (rwTTD), were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. A synthetic data set, Simulacrum, on the basis of conditional random sampling of the CAS data was used to develop and refine analysis scripts while protecting patient privacy. RESULTS Characteristics (age, sex, and histology) of the 2,035 patients with immunotherapy-treated aNSCLC included in the CAS study were broadly comparable with US data sets. In CAS, a higher proportion (46.7%) of patients received a PD-(L)1 inhibitor in the first line than in US data sets (18%-30%). Median rwOS (11.4 months; 95% CI, 10.4 to 12.7) and rwTTD (4.9 months; 95% CI, 4.7 to 5.1) were within the range of US-based data sets (rwOS, 8.6-13.5 months; rwTTD, 3.2-7.0 months). CONCLUSION The CAS findings were consistent with those from US-based oncology data sets. Such consistency is important for regulatory decision making. Differences observed between data sets may be explained by variation in health care settings, such as the timing of PD-(L)1 approval and reimbursement, and data capture.
Implementing Patient-Directed Cancer Education Materials Across Nigeria
Authors: Dickerson James C. , Ibeka Paulette , Inoyo Itoro , Oke Olufolarin O. , Adewuyi Sunday A. , Barry Donna , Bello Abubakar , Fasawe Olufunke , Garrity Philip , Habeebu Muhammad , Huang Franklin W. , Mulema Vivienne , Nwankwo Kenneth C. , Remen Danna , Wiwa Owens , Bhatt Ami S. , Roy Mohana 
Published: December 2021

PURPOSE As access to cancer care expands in low-income countries, developing tools to educate patients is paramount. We took a picture booklet, which was initially developed by the nonprofit Global Oncology for Malawi and Rwanda, and adapted it for use in Nigeria. The primary goal was to assess acceptability and provide education. The secondary goals were (1) to describe the collaboration, (2) to assess knowledge gained from the intervention, (3) to assess patient understanding of their therapy intent, and (4) to explore patient's experiences via qualitative analysis. METHODS We piloted the original English booklet at a single site and requested feedback from patients and providers. The booklet was updated; translated into Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, and Pidgin English; and used at three additional sites. For the three-site cohort, we collected basic demographics, pretest and post-test assessing content in the booklet, and performed a qualitative analysis. RESULTS The original booklet was widely acceptable and recommended by patients at site one (n = 31) and by providers (N = 26) representing all four sites. In the three-site cohort (n = 103), 94% of patients recommended the booklet. An immediate post-test focusing on when patients should present to care showed a statistically significant improvement in one of the seven questions. Fifty-one percent of the patients (n = 103) knew their treatment intent (curative v palliative). Qualitative analysis highlighted that the patient's thoughts on cancer are dominated by negative associations, although curability and modern therapy are also frequently cited. CONCLUSION We adapted an educational booklet to a novel context and had it delivered by local partners. The booklet was widely recommended to future patients. The booklet had an impact on patient's knowledge of cancer treatment, potentially allowing for decreased abandonment.
Knockout of syntaxin-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes reveals new insight into GLUT4 trafficking and adiponectin secretion
Authors: Black Hannah L. , Livingstone Rachel , Mastick Cynthia C. , Al Tobi Mohammed , Taylor Holly , Geiser Angéline , Stirrat Laura , Kioumourtzoglou Dimitrios , Petrie John R. , Boyle James G. , Bryant Nia J. , Gould Gwyn W. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Adipocytes are key to metabolic regulation, exhibiting insulin-stimulated glucose transport that is underpinned by the insulin-stimulated delivery of glucose transporter type 4 (SLC2A4, also known and hereafter referred to as GLUT4)-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane where they dock and fuse, and increase cell surface GLUT4 levels. Adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, are secreted via a similar mechanism. We used genome editing to knock out syntaxin-4, a protein reported to mediate fusion between GLUT4-containing vesicles and the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Syntaxin-4 knockout reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport and adiponectin secretion by ∼50% and reduced GLUT4 levels. Ectopic expression of haemagglutinin (HA)-tagged GLUT4 conjugated to GFP showed that syntaxin-4-knockout cells retain significant GLUT4 translocation capacity, demonstrating that syntaxin-4 is dispensable for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Analysis of recycling kinetics revealed only a modest reduction in the exocytic rate of GLUT4 in knockout cells, and little effect on endocytosis. These analyses demonstrate that syntaxin-4 is not always rate limiting for GLUT4 delivery to the cell surface. In sum, we show that syntaxin-4 knockout results in reduced insulin-stimulated glucose transport, depletion of cellular GLUT4 levels and inhibition of adiponectin secretion but has only modest effects on the translocation capacity of the cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with Hannah L. Black and Rachel Livingstone, joint first authors of the paper.
TAZ exhibits phase separation properties and interacts with Smad7 and β-catenin to repress skeletal myogenesis
Authors: Tripathi Soma , Miyake Tetsuaki , Kelebeev Jonathan , McDermott John C. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Hippo signaling in Drosophila and mammals is prominent in regulating cell proliferation, death and differentiation. Hippo signaling effectors (YAP and TAZ; also known as YAP1 and WWTR1, respectively) exhibit crosstalk with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Previously, we implicated Smad7 and β-catenin in mammalian myogenesis. Therefore, we assessed a potential role of TAZ on the Smad7–β-catenin complex in muscle cells. Here, we document functional interactions between Smad7, TAZ and β-catenin in mouse myogenic cells. Ectopic TAZ expression resulted in repression of the muscle-specific creatine kinase muscle (Ckm) gene promoter and its corresponding protein level. Depletion of endogenous TAZ enhanced Ckm promoter activation. Ectopic TAZ, while potently active on a TEAD reporter (HIP-HOP), repressed myogenin (Myog) and Myod1 enhancer regions and myogenin protein level. Additionally, a Wnt/β-catenin readout (TOP flash) demonstrated TAZ-mediated inhibition of β-catenin activity. In myoblasts, TAZ was predominantly localized in nuclear speckles, while in differentiation conditions TAZ was hyperphosphorylated at Ser89, leading to enhanced cytoplasmic sequestration. Finally, live-cell imaging indicated that TAZ exhibits properties of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). These observations indicate that TAZ, as an effector of Hippo signaling, suppresses the myogenic differentiation machinery.
The lesion detection efficacy of deep learning on automatic breast ultrasound and factors affecting its efficacy: a pilot study
Authors: PhD Xiao Luo , Xu Min , Tang Guoxue , PhD Yi Wang , Wang Na , PhD Dong Ni , PhD Xi Lin , Li An-Hua 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the detection efficacy of deep learning (DL) for automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) and factors affecting its efficacy.

Methods:
Females who underwent ABUS and handheld ultrasound from May 2016 to June 2017 (N = 397) were enrolled and divided into training (n = 163 patients with breast cancer and 33 with benign lesions), test (n = 57) and control (n = 144) groups. A convolutional neural network was optimized to detect lesions in ABUS. The sensitivity and false positives (FPs) were evaluated and compared for different breast tissue compositions, lesion sizes, morphologies and echo patterns.

Results:
In the training set, with 688 lesion regions (LRs), the network achieved sensitivities of 93.8%, 97.2% and 100%, based on volume, lesion and patient, respectively, with 1.9 FPs per volume. In the test group with 247 LRs, the sensitivities were 92.7%, 94.5% and 96.5%, respectively, with 2.4 FPs per volume. The control group, with 900 volumes, showed 0.24 FPs per volume. The sensitivity was 98% for lesions &gt; 1 cm3, but 87% for those ≤1 cm3 (p &lt; 0.05). Similar sensitivities and FPs were observed for different breast tissue compositions (homogeneous, 97.5%, 2.1; heterogeneous, 93.6%, 2.1), lesion morphologies (mass, 96.3%, 2.1; non-mass, 95.8%, 2.0) and echo patterns (homogeneous, 96.1%, 2.1; heterogeneous 96.8%, 2.1).

Conclusions:
DL had high detection sensitivity with a low FP but was affected by lesion size.

Advances in knowledge:
DL is technically feasible for the automatic detection of lesions in ABUS.
Transmissive terahertz amplifier based on optically pumped graphene-dielectric hybrid resonators
Authors: Guan Shengnan , Cheng Jierong , Tan Zhiyu , Fan Fei , Wang Xianghui , Chang Shengjiang 
Published: December 2021

Amplification of terahertz radiation is achieved by combining optically pumped graphene with a dielectric resonant cavity through numerical simulation. Graphene is attached to a one-dimensional grating and sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors. The whole cavity enhances the interaction of graphene with the terahertz wave while being transparent to the pump light. When the femtosecond pulse pump light at 1.5 µm with the peak intensity of

8.7

W

/

m
m

2

is considered, graphene is driven to a gain medium. Due to the enhancement of the cavity and the proper complex conductivity of graphene, the amplitude of the transmitted beam is amplified 172 times at 3.82 THz at room temperature, showing great potential in the development of terahertz amplifiers and even lasers.
Thermal and non-thermal intensity dependent optical nonlinearities in ethanol at 800 nm, 1480 nm, and 1560 nm: erratum
Authors: Bautista Jessica E. Q. , da Silva-Neto Manoel L. , Campos Cecilia L. A. V. , Maldonado Melissa , de Araújo Cid B. , Gomes Anderson S. L. 
Published: December 2021

We correct the unit of pulse duration in Table 1 [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38,
1104 (2021)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.418635]. The correct unit is
femtosecond (fs).