bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of quasi-two-body $$B_{(s)}\rightarrow \phi (f_0(980)/f_2(1270)\rightarrow )\pi \pi $$ decays in perturbative QCD approach
Authors: Zou Zhi-Tian , Yang Lei , Li Ying , Liu Xin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2017, LHCb collaboration reported their first observation of the rare decays$$B_s \rightarrow \phi (f_0(980)$$Bs→ϕ(f0(980)$$/f_2(1270) \rightarrow ) \pi ^+\pi ^-$$/f2(1270)→)π+π-and the evidence of$$B^0 \rightarrow \phi (f_0(980)/f_2(1270)\rightarrow )\pi ^+\pi ^-$$B0→ϕ(f0(980)/f2(1270)→)π+π-. Motivated by this, we study these quasi-two-body decays in the perturbative QCD approach. The branching fractions,CPasymmetries and the polarization fractions are calculated. We find that within the appropriate two-meson wave functions, the calculated branching fractions are in agreement with the measurements of LHCb. Based on the narrow-width approximation, We also calculate the branching fractions of the quasi-two-body$$B_{d,s}\rightarrow \phi (f_0(980)/f_2(1270)\rightarrow ) \pi ^0\pi ^0$$Bd,s→ϕ(f0(980)/f2(1270)→)π0π0and$$B_{d,s}\rightarrow \phi (f_2(1270)\rightarrow ) K^+K^-$$Bd,s→ϕ(f2(1270)→)K+K-, and hope the predictions to be tested in the ongoing LHCb and Belle II experiments. Moreover, the processes$$B_{d,s}\rightarrow \phi f_2(1270)$$Bd,s→ϕf2(1270)are also analyzed under the approximation. We note that theCPasymmetries of these decays are very small, because these decays are either penguin dominant or pure penguin processes.
Normal ordering normal modes
Authors: Evslin Jarah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a soliton sector of a quantum field theory, it is often convenient to expand the quantum fields in terms of normal modes. Normal mode creation and annihilation operators can be normal ordered, and their normal ordered products have vanishing expectation values in the one-loop soliton ground state. The Hamiltonian of the theory, however, is usually normal ordered in the basis of operators which create plane waves. In this paper we find the Wick map between the two normal orderings. For concreteness, we restrict our attention to Schrodinger picture scalar fields in 1+1 dimensions, although we expect that our results readily generalize beyond this case. We find that plane wave orderedn-point functions of fields are sums of terms which factorize intoj-point functions of zero modes, breather and continuum normal modes. We find a recursion formula injand, for products of fields at the same point, we solve the recursion formula at allj.
Risk Prediction for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Singleton Rosie K. , Heath Alicia K. , Clasen Joanna L. , Scelo Ghislaine , Johansson Mattias , Calvez-Kelm Florence Le , Weiderpass Elisabete , Liedberg Fredrik , Ljungberg Börje , Harbs Justin , Olsen Anja , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C. , Kaaks Rudolf , Fortner Renée T. , Panico Salvatore , Tagliabue Giovanna , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Ricceri Fulvio , Gram Inger T. , Santiuste Carmen , Bonet Catalina , Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel , Schulze Mattias B. , Bergmann Manuela M. , Travis Ruth C. , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Riboli Elio , Muller David C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the potential to improve disease outcomes. No screening program for sporadic RCC is in place. Given relatively low incidence, screening would need to focus on people at high risk of clinically meaningful disease so as to limit overdiagnosis and screen-detected false positives.

Methods:
Among 192,172 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (including 588 incident RCC cases), we evaluated a published RCC risk prediction model (including age, sex, BMI, and smoking status) in terms of discrimination (C-statistic) and calibration (observed probability as a function of predicted probability). We used a flexible parametric survival model to develop an expanded model including age, sex, BMI, and smoking status, with the addition of self-reported history of hypertension and measured blood pressure.

Results:
The previously published model yielded well-calibrated probabilities and good discrimination (C-statistic [95% CI]: 0.699 [0.679–0.721]). Our model had slightly improved discrimination (0.714 [0.694–0.735], bootstrap optimism-corrected C-statistic: 0.709). Despite this good performance, predicted risk was low for the vast majority of participants, with 70% of participants having 10-year risk less than 0.0025.

Conclusions:
Although the models performed well for the prediction of incident RCC, they are currently insufficiently powerful to identify individuals at substantial risk of RCC in a general population.

Impact:
Despite the promising performance of the EPIC RCC risk prediction model, further development of the model, possibly including biomarkers of risk, is required to enable risk stratification of RCC.
Noncontrast Computed Tomography Markers as Predictors of Revised Hematoma Expansion in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Wen‐Song , Zhang Shu‐Qiang , Shen Yi‐Qing , Wei Xiao , Zhao Li‐Bo , Xie Xiong‐Fei , Deng Lan , Li Xin‐Hui , Lv Xin‐Ni , Lv Fa‐Jin , Dowlatshahi Dar , Li Qi , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2021

Background
Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) markers are the emerging predictors of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the relationship between NCCT markers and the dynamic change of hematoma in parenchymal tissues and the ventricular system remains unclear.

Methods and Results
We included 314 consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from July 2011 to May 2017. The intracerebral hemorrhage volumes and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) volumes were measured using a semiautomated, computer‐assisted technique. Revised hematoma expansion (RHE) was defined by incorporating the original definition of hematoma expansion into IVH growth. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to compare the performance of the NCCT markers in predicting the IVH growth and RHE. Of 314 patients in our study, 61 (19.4%) had IVH growth and 93 (23.9%) had RHE. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, blend sign, black hole sign, island sign, and expansion‐prone hematoma could independently predict IVH growth and RHE in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Expansion‐prone hematoma had a higher predictive performance of RHE than any single marker. The diagnostic accuracy of RHE in predicting poor prognosis was significantly higher than that of hematoma expansion.

Conclusions
The NCCT markers are independently associated with IVH growth and RHE. Furthermore, the expansion‐prone hematoma has a higher predictive accuracy for prediction of RHE and poor outcome than any single NCCT marker. These findings may assist in risk stratification of NCCT signs for predicting active bleeding.
Freedom of Scientific Research and Embryo Protection Under Italian and European Court of Human Rights’ Jurisprudence. Brief European Legislation Overview
Authors: Montanari Vergallo Gianluca 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of admissibility of human embryo research and the legal protection to be recognized, in light of the growing importance that scientific research has been gaining in the clinical and biomedical fields of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes. As for human embryo experimentation, particularly on cryopreserved supernumerary embryos, European legislation varies, since the European Court has granted member States a wide margin of appreciation. Some countries, including Italy, have strict legislation protecting embryos from the fertilisation stage, whereas others have taken permissive approaches, allowing experimentation until 14 days after fertilisation. Science, however, has shown that the 14-day limit can be moved. The author finds it necessary to achieve broad international consensus and shared regulations. Lawmakers, however, need to balance respect for the principle of life, represented by the embryo, against scientific needs, in order to devise sound regulations safeguarding both apparently conflicting fundamental values.
Mental Imagery of Free Fall: Does a Falling Apple Accelerate in Our Minds?
Authors: Bratzke Daniel , Ulrich Rolf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The present study examined whether people’s mental imagery of falling objects includes the acceleration due to the earth’s gravitational force. To investigate this question, we used two different tasks, a height estimation and a fall-time estimation task. In the height estimation task, participants were presented with different free-fall times and had to indicate the corresponding heights from which the object fell to the ground. In the fall-time estimation task, participants had to produce the fall time associated with free falls from different heights. In contrast to the law of free fall, our results are more consistent with a linear than with an accelerated relationship between height and fall time. Thus, the present results suggest that mental imagery of an object’s free fall does not represent the gravitational acceleration due to gravity.
Interdecadal Variation of the Wintertime Precipitation in Southeast Asia and Its Possible Causes
Authors: Dong Zizhen , Wang Lin , Xu Peiqiang , Pimonsree Sittichai , Limsakul Atsamon , Singhruck Patama 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBased on several observational and reanalysis datasets for the winters 1901–2017, this study investigates the interdecadal (ID) variation of the Southeast Asian rainfall (SEAR) and its potential drivers. The dominant mode of the wintertime SEAR on the ID time scale features enhanced precipitation over the eastern Maritime Continent and the Philippines and a slight decrease of precipitation over the western Maritime Continent, or the opposite sign. The ID SEAR variability peaks at the 8–16-yr period and explains more than 20% of the total variance regardless of the datasets and period considered, highlighting the importance of the ID variability of the SEAR. The atmospheric circulation that facilitates abundant ID SEAR is characterized by enhanced lower-tropospheric wind convergence and cyclonic anomalies over the South China Sea and the Philippines. On the one hand, this wind convergence is attributed to the enhanced Walker circulation induced by the negative phase of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO). On the other hand, it is attributed to the enhanced northerly anomalies along the coast of East Asia induced by a strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and reduced autumn Arctic sea ice in the Barents–Kara Seas. These mechanisms are further confirmed by model experiments from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The effects of the IPO, EAWM, and Arctic sea ice on the SEAR are mostly independent. They together explain approximately 70% of the SEAR variance on the ID time scale.
Why Regulate Guns?
Authors: Siegel Reva B. , Blocher Joseph 
Published: January 2021

Courts reviewing gun laws that burden Second Amendment rights ask how effectively the laws serve public safety — yet typically discuss public safety narrowly, without considering the many dimensions of that interest gun laws serve. “Public safety” is a social good: it includes the public's interest in physical safety as a good in itself, and as a foundation for community and for the exercise of constitutional liberties. Gun laws protect bodies from bullets — and Americans' freedom and confidence to participate in every domain of our shared life, whether to attend school, to shop, to listen to a concert, to gather for prayer, or to assemble in peaceable debate. Courts must enforce the Second Amendment in ways that respect the public health and constitutional reasons a democracy seeks to protect public safety. Lawyers and citizen advocates can help, by creating a richer record of their reasons in seeking to enact laws regulating guns.This inquiry is urgent at a time when the Supreme Court's new conservative majority may expand restrictions on gun laws beyond the right to keep arms for self-defense in the home first recognized inDistrict of Columbia v. Hellerin 2008.
Emergency Department Visits for Firearm-Related Injuries among Youth in
the United States, 2006–2015
Authors: Lee Victor , Camp Catherine , Jairam Vikram , Park Henry S. , Yu James B. 
Published: January 2021

Firearm injuries are a significant public health problem. Prior studies
have analyzed firearm death data or adult firearm injury data, but few
studies have analyzed firearm injury data specifically among youth. To
inform the current debate surrounding gun policy in the United States, this
study aims to provide an estimate of the immense burden of youth firearm
injury and its associated risk factors. Therefore, we performed a
descriptive analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS),
the largest all-payer emergency department database in the United States,
from January 2006 to September 2015. All patients age < 21 who presented
with any diagnosis of firearm-related injuries were included.
There were an estimated 198,839 incidents of firearm-related emergency
department visits for patients age < 21 from 2006 through 2015. After
presenting to the ED, an estimated 11,909 cases resulted in death. The
population adjusted rate of firearm-related emergency department visits was
highest in the South and Midwest. This study demonstrates the significant
burden of firearm injury among youth. Having a reliable estimate of the
number of children harmed by firearms each year is a critical tool for
policymakers — and may make common-sense gun safety measures more
politically possible.
Gun Violence in Court
Authors: Gluck Abbe R. , Nabavi-Noori Alexander , Wang Susan 
Published: January 2021

Litigation cannot solve a public health crisis. But litigation can be an
effective complementary tool to regulation by increasing the salience of a
public health issue, eliciting closely guarded information to move public
opinion, and prompting legislative action. From tobacco to opioids,
litigants have successfully turned to courts for monetary relief, to
initiate systemic change, and to hold industry accountable
For years, litigators have been trying to push firearm suits into their
own litigation moment. But litigation against the gun industry poses special
challenges. Not only has the regulatory regime failed to prevent a public
safety hazard, Congress has consistently underfunded and understaffed the
relevant regulatory actors. And in 2005 it legislatively immunized the gun
industry from suit with the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act
(PLCAA).
This paper surveys the field of litigation in response to gun violence,
tracking the limited successes of victims and stakeholders suing the gun
industry. We find that victories remain confined to individual actors and
unlike high-impact public litigations in other areas, aggregate class
actions and major public litigation led by state attorneys general are
noticeably absent in the firearm context.
A Psoriatic Patient-Based Survey on the Understanding of the Use of Vaccines While on Biologics During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Le Heather , Vender Ronald B. 
Published: January 2021

Background Psoriatic patients who are actively receiving biologic treatment have protocols in place to achieve optimal immunity. Inactivated vaccines are safe to use during biological treatment, without interruption. Conversely, live vaccines are used with caution and likely interruption of treatment. Given the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), nation-wide administration of vaccinations is underway. Objective This survey gathered information on the level of education psoriatic patients have concerning vaccinations. Methods An electronic survey was sent to 661 patients suffering from psoriasis. Patients originated from a single solo-practitioner community-based dermatology practice. Results The average percentage of patients who understand the difference between live and inactivated vaccines between the control and study group was 36.6%. The average response to not knowing the difference between the vaccines was 36.6% and 26.6% were “unsure.” When asked if it was possible to receive inactivated vaccines while on a biologic, the mass response amidst the control and study group was “unsure” (66.9%). Conclusion This questionnaire demonstrates that there is a need for supplementary education about vaccines for psoriatic patients on a biologic. Physicians will need to counsel their patients on the use of potential vaccines for SARS-Cov2 while on biologics.
Impact of Supine Radiographs to Assess Curve Flexibility in the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ramchandran Subaraman , Monsour Ali , Mihas Alexander , George Kevin , Errico Thomas , George Stephen 
Published: January 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the role of supine radiographs in determining flexibility of thoracic and thoracolumbar curves. Methods: Ninety operative AIS patients with 2-year follow-up from a single institution were queried and classified into MT structural and TL structural groups. Equations were derived using linear regression to compute cut-off values for MT and TL curves. Thresholds were externally validated in a separate database of 60 AIS patients, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for each curve. Results: MT supine values were highly predictive of MT side-bending values (TL group: 0.63, P < 0.001; MT group: 0.66, P = 0.006). Similarly, TL supine values were highly predictive of TL side-bending values (TL group: 0.56, P = 0.001 MT group: 0.68, P = 0.001). From our derived equations, MT and TL curves were considered structural on supine films if they were ≥ 30° and 35°, respectively. Contingency table analysis of external validity sample showed that supine films were highly predictive of structurality of MT curve (Sensitivity = 0.91, PPV = 0.95, NPV = 0.81) and TL curve (Sensitivity = 0.77, PPV = 0.81, NPV = 0.94). ROC analysis revealed that the area under curve for MT structurality from supine films was 0.931 (SEM: 0.03, CI: 0.86-0.99, P < 0.001) and TL structurality from supine films was 0.922 (SEM: 0.03, CI- 0.84-0.98, P < 0.001). Conclusions: A single preoperative supine radiograph is highly predictive of side-bending radiographs to assess curve flexibility in AIS. A cut-off of ≥ 30° for MT and ≥ 35° for TL curves in supine radiographs can determine curve structurality.
Midterm Outcomes and Satisfaction After Hip Arthroscopy Are Associated With Postoperative Rehabilitation Factors
Authors: Amar Eyal , Martin RobRoy L. , Tudor Adrian , Factor Shai , Atzmon Ran , Rath Ehud 
Published: January 2021

Background: Arthroscopic hip-preservation surgery is commonly performed to address nonarthritic sources of hip pain in young, active individuals. However, there is little evidence to support postoperative rehabilitation protocols, including the most appropriate frequency and length of individual formal physical therapy sessions. There is also a lack of information to look at patients’ perceived value of their home program/self-practice in relation to outcomes. Purpose: To investigate postoperative rehabilitation factors after hip arthroscopy related to formal physical therapy and home program/self-practice and their correlation with patient outcomes and satisfaction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 125 patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and a labral tear (75 men) were included. The mean age was 34.6 ± 14.4 years, and the mean follow-up time was 4.9 ± 1.6 years. Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living subscale (HOS-ADL) scores, overall satisfaction scores, and factors related to supervised physical therapy and home program/self-practice were collected. Correlations between continuous variables and differences in the length of individual formal physical therapy and patients’ rating of the importance of their home program/self-practice between those who would and those who would not undergo surgery again were assessed. Results: The frequency and length of individual formal physical therapy sessions were significantly correlated with postoperative HOS-ADL scores ( r = 0.22, P = .014; and r = 0.24, P = .007, respectively) and level of satisfaction ( r = 0.24, P = .007; and r = 0.21, P = .02, respectively). The length of individual formal physical therapy sessions was significantly greater in those who noted they would undergo surgery again (35.3 vs 26.3; P = .033). A significant correlation was identified between the rating of the importance of their home program/self-practice and postoperative HOS-ADL scores ( r = 0.29; P = .001) and their level of satisfaction ( r = 0.23; P = .009). There was a significant difference in the rating of the importance of their home program/self-practice between those who would undergo surgery again and those who would not (8.9 vs 7.8; P = .007). Conclusion: Surgeons and physical therapists should emphasize the value of home program/self-practice when it comes to outcomes and may want to encourage their patients to participate in more frequent, longer, formal physical therapy sessions.
Biogeochemical formation of metalliferous laminations in surficial environments
Authors: Henne Anicia , Craw Dave , Hamilton Jessica , Paz Anat , Kerr Gemma , Paterson David , Shuster Jeremiah , Southam Gordon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinely laminated (cm–μm scale) metalliferous precipitates are widespread in the surficial environment, especially around mineral deposits and reflect biogeochemical processes that can pervade near-surface environments on a larger scale. Examples in this paper involve precipitates of the transition metals Fe, Cu and Mn with minor Co, Ni, V and Zn; the metalloids As and Sb; and authigenic Au. Mobility and re-precipitation are driven primarily by geochemical disequilibrium, especially with respect to pH and redox states, that arises from complex interactions between biological processes, geological processes, and variations in the surrounding environment. Different degrees of chemical disequilibrium arise on small spatial scales on time scales of days to millennia. Interactions between biota, waters and rocks in these small near-surface settings affect the biogeochemical environments. Sulfur- and iron-oxidising bacteria are common biogeochemical agents associated with sulfide-bearing lithologies, but localised reductive environments can also develop, leading to gradients in pH and redox state and differential metal mobility. In general, there is commonly a spatial separation of Fe-rich precipitates from those with Cu and Mn, and other transition metals also follow Cu and Mn rather than Fe. Metalloids As and Sb have a strong affinity for Fe under oxidising conditions, but not under more reducing conditions. However, complex biogeochemical parageneses of laminated metalliferous deposits preclude prediction of finer formation details. The textures, mineral species, and metal associations within these deposits are likely to be encountered in all facets of mineral deposit development: initial exploration activity of near-surface locations, mining of shallow portions of orebodies, especially supergene zones, and downstream environmental management with respect to discharging metalliferous waters.