bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Působení rodinného zázemí, vzdělání a životních změn na pracovní hodnoty mužů a žen v České republice
Authors: Janíčko Michal , Šímová Zdeňka 
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with work values as an important factor in individual career decisions. It relies on data from the PIAAC survey and the follow-up SKILLS II survey. Using a sample of Czech men and women 20–45 years old, we examine the factors that affect the formation of orientations to work as compared with family, and the values of high salary and career progress as compared with intrinsic enjoyment of work. Our results show the significant positive influence of family background for men and of higher education, especially for women, on an orientation to a job and to enjoyment of its contents. The orientation of men toward achieving high earnings is strengthened by the need to ensure income for their families, especially raising children, while for women, work centrality and perceived career importance increases after long periods of unemployment. The results show the contribution of high educational achievement to closing the gaps between the work-family orientations of men and women, but also a return to traditional gender roles during periods of childcare. In the conclusion we indicate directions for further research to focus on the different consequences of experiences with unemployment for men and women and on the role of cognitive skills in work values that are not always analogically related to formal education.
Helicobacter pylori virulence factors: relationship between genetic variability and phylogeographic origin
Authors: Rodriguez Aura M. , Urrea Daniel A. , Prada Carlos F. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract from human stomachs and causes diseases including gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric lymphoma (MALT), and gastric cancer, with a higher prevalence in developing countries. Its high genetic diversity among strains is caused by a high mutation rate, observing virulence factors (VFs) variations in different geographic lineages. This study aimed to postulate the genetic variability associated with virulence factors present in the Helicobacter pylori strains, to identify the relationship of these genes with their phylogeographic origin.

Methods
The complete genomes of 135 strains available in NCBI, from different population origins, were analyzed using bioinformatics tools, identifying a high rate; as well as reorganization events in 87 virulence factor genes, divided into seven functional groups, to determine changes in position, number of copies, nucleotide identity and size, contrasting them with their geographical lineage and pathogenic phenotype.

Results
Bioinformatics analyses show a high rate of gene annotation errors in VF. Analysis of genetic variability of VFs shown that there is not a direct relationship between the reorganization and geographic lineage. However, regarding the pathogenic phenotype demonstrated in the analysis of many copies, size, and similarity when dividing the strains that possess and not the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), having a higher risk of developing gastritis and peptic ulcer was evidenced. Our data has shown that the analysis of the overall genetic variability of all VFs present in each strain of H. pylori is key information in understanding its pathogenic behavior.
Prediction of early recurrence and response to adjuvant Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma after resection
Authors: Zheng Liming , Gu Xi , Zheng Guojun , Li Xin , He Meifang , Liu Longgen , Zhou Xike 
Published: November 2021

Background
Early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major obstacle to improving the prognosis, and no widely accepted adjuvant therapy guideline for patients post-liver resection is available. Currently, all available methods and biomarkers are insufficient to accurately predict post-operation HCC patients’ risk of early recurrence and their response to adjuvant therapy.

Methods
In this study, we downloaded four gene expression datasets (GSE14520, GSE54236, GSE87630, and GSE109211) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and identified 34 common differentially expressed genes associated with HCC dysregulation and response to adjuvant sorafenib. Then, we constructed a novel 11-messenger RNA predictive model by using ROC curves analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and LASSO Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we validated the predictive values of the risk model in GSE14520 and TCGA-LIHC cohorts by using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, multivariable Cox regression analysis, and decision curve analysis, respectively.

Results
The risk score model could identify patients with a high risk of HCC recurrence at the early stage and could predict the response of patients to adjuvant sorafenib. Patients with a high risk score had a worse recurrence rate in training cohorts (2-year: p < 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR): 4.658, confidence interval 95% CI [2.895–7.495]; 5-year: p < 0.0001, HR: 3.251, 95% CI [2.155–4.904]) and external validation cohorts (2-year: p < 0.001, HR: 3.65, 95% CI [2.001–6.658]; 5-year: p < 0.001, HR: 3.156, 95% CI [1.78–5.596]). The AUC values of the risk score model for predicting tumor early recurrence were 0.746 and 0.618, and that of the risk score model for predicting the response to adjuvant sorafenib were 0.722 and 0.708 in the different cohort, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis and decision curve analysis also showed that the risk score model was superior to and independent of other clinicopathologic characteristics. Moreover, the risk score model had excellent abilities to predict the overall survival and HCC recurrence of patients with the same tumor stage category.

Conclusions
Our risk model is a reliable and superior predictive tool. With this model, we could optimize the risk stratification based on early tumor recurrence and could evaluate the response of patients to adjuvant sorafenib after liver resection.
Collaborations Practice Implementation on Education for Sustainable Development in Host Universities of Regional Centres of Expertise, Kenya
Authors: Ng’ang’a Nancy , Thinguri Ruth , Macharia Ayub 
Published: November 2021

The study sought to assess the scope of collaborations practice implementation on education for sustainable development (ESD) in host universities of Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE) in Kenya as well as the challenges faced thereof. The study was conducted using a mixed methodology with concurrent model of triangulation and descriptive survey research design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The study established that host universities had made efforts to implement RCE collaborations practice on ESD through creation of new partnerships. Cooperation and coordination among the stakeholders was well supported by the host universities through collaborative governance where stakeholders were involved in decision making. The study recommended that host universities of RCEs should be more intentional in creating awareness on RCEs and ESD through university community outreach programs in order to build capacity in social learning and networking on ESD.
Vaginal Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Mohite Bhaskar , Patel Rakesh , Kayande Nandu , Thenge Raju 
Published: November 2021

Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are delivery systems which utilize the property of bioadhesion of certain polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for targeting a drug to a particular region of the body for extended periods of time. Many of these delivery routes, particularly those through the nasal, ocular, reproductive and gastrointestinal system, involve contact with mucosal surfaces. The gastrointestinal route has been particularly popular among medical staff and patients alike. Although convenient, unfortunately, this route can be very inefficient for a number of reasons, including too rapid transit of the drug-containing delivery system past the optimum site for absorption, which is normally the small intestine and to a lesser degree the stomach and colon. Mucoadhesive formulations use polymers as the adhesive component. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are available in the form of tablets, films, patches, and gels for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular, vaginal, rectal and topical routes for both systemic and local effects. This review article represents the various aspects of vaginal drug delivery system, bioadhesion mechanism, Theory of bioadhesion, factors affecting bioadhesion, various types of vaginal formulation etc.
Recent Advances in 3D Printing of Biomedical Sensing Devices
Authors: Ali Md. Azahar , Hu Chunshan , Yttri Eric A. , Panat Rahul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, is a rapidly evolving technique that allows for the fabrication of functional materials with complex architectures, controlled microstructures, and material combinations. This capability has influenced the field of biomedical sensing devices by enabling the trends of device miniaturization, customization, and elasticity (i.e., having mechanical properties that match with the biological tissue). In this paper, the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge of biomedical sensors with the unique and unusual properties enabled by 3D printing is reviewed. The review encompasses clinically important areas involving the quantification of biomarkers (neurotransmitters, metabolites, and proteins), soft and implantable sensors, microfluidic biosensors, and wearable haptic sensors. In addition, the rapid sensing of pathogens and pathogen biomarkers enabled by 3D printing, an area of significant interest considering the recent worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, is also discussed. It is also described how 3D printing enables critical sensor advantages including lower limit‐of‐detection, sensitivity, greater sensing range, and the ability for point‐of‐care diagnostics. Further, manufacturing itself benefits from 3D printing via rapid prototyping, improved resolution, and lower cost. This review provides researchers in academia and industry a comprehensive summary of the novel possibilities opened by the progress in 3D printing technology for a variety of biomedical applications.
Flexible Photodetectors Based on All‐Solution‐Processed Cu Electrodes and InSe Nanoflakes with High Stabilities
Authors: Li Peng , Hao Qiaoyan , Liu Jidong , Qi Dianyu , Gan Haibo , Zhu Jiaqi , Liu Fei , Zheng Zijian , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlexible electronics attract extensive interest in academic research and commercial markets. Fabrication of electronics on flexible substrates remains a great challenge though. Mostly, components of electronics including metal electrodes and functional materials are created via physical vapor deposition (PVD) in conjunction with photolithography. Nevertheless, ultrathin polymeric substrates are susceptible to environmental shocks during PVD. In this paper, a full‐solution process for fabricating copper (Cu) electrodes of micrometer (µm) scale on polymeric substrates is realized under ambient conditions via photolithography‐patterning polymer‐assisted metal deposition (pp‐PAMD). Apart from low fabrication costs from instruments capitals and energy inputs, these flexible Cu electrodes show superior mechanical durability. As a proof‐of‐concept application, large‐quantity and high‐quality indium selenide (InSe) nanoflakes, obtained by liquid electrochemical intercalation and ultrasonic exfoliation, are deposited on top of flexible Cu electrodes to construct all‐solution‐processed flexible photodetectors. The as‐fabricated flexible InSe photodetectors demonstrate excellent operational stability during 5000 continuous laser on‐off cycles, shelf stability under ambient storage conditions without encapsulation for 20 weeks, thermal viability from 90 to 360 K, and flexible stability upon mechanical bending at a radius (r) of 2 mm for 5000 cycles. This work implies the potential of pp‐PAMD technique and prospects of solution processes in fabricating flexible electronics.
Hydrogel Ionotronics with Ultra‐Low Impedance and High Signal Fidelity across Broad Frequency and Temperature Ranges
Authors: Yao Bowen , Wu Shuwang , Wang Ruoxing , Yan Yichen , Cardenas Anne , Wu Dong , Alsaid Yousif , Wu Wenzhuo , Zhu Xinyuan , He Ximin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonotronics, emerging devices that couple gel ionic conductors and electronic circuits, have shown great promise as stretchable alternatives with multi‐functionalities to conventional rigid devices, ranging from energy harvesting to sensing, displaying, and actuation. However, current hydrogel ionotronics’ performances are still unsatisfactory: i) upon high alternating current frequency (> 1000 Hz), the ionic conductivity dominates but is rather low and drops further drastically as temperature decreases; ii) upon low frequency (< 1000 Hz), the unstable and high impedance at the electrode/hydrogel interface dominates unfavorably but has been overlooked previously. To remedy these issues, herein, a systematic strategy is proposed by employing a highly ionically‐conductive anti‐freezing hydrogel and electronically‐conductive porous polymer films with high electrical‐double‐layer capacitance as electrodes to connect the hydrogel and metal leads. The hydrogel has an ultra‐high conductivity, while being transparent, stretchable, and easily prepared by one‐step photo‐gelation. Meanwhile, the conducting polymer electrodes realize a stable and low interfacial impedance and improved voltage tolerance, enabling much higher fidelity of ion‐electron signal transduction than using gold electrodes. This strategy can be applied to construct various ionotronics for broad applications, including triboelectric nanogenerators, touch panels, displays, soft robotics, and multifunctional electronics with broad operational frequency and temperature ranges.
Exchange Coupling in Synthetic Anion‐Engineered Chromia Heterostructures
Authors: Lin Shan , Wang Zhiwen , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Shengru , Jin Qiao , Yao Hongbao , Xu Shuai , Meng Fanqi , Yin Xinmao , Wang Can , Ge Chen , Guo Haizhong , Tang Chi Sin , Wee Andrew T. S. , Gu Lin , Jin Kui‐juan , Yang Hongxin , Guo Er‐Jia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractControl of magnetic states by external factors has garnered a mainstream status in spintronic research for designing low power consumption and fast‐response information storage and processing devices. Previously, magnetic‐cation substitution was the conventional approach to induce ferromagnetism in an intrinsic antiferromagnet. Theoretically, anion doping is proposed to be another means to change magnetic ground states. Here, the authors demonstrate the synthesis of high‐quality single‐phase chromium oxynitride thin films using in‐situ nitrogen doping. Unlike antiferromagnetic monoanionic chromium oxide and nitride phases, chromium oxynitride exhibits a robust ferromagnetic and insulating state, as demonstrated by the combination of multiple magnetization probes and theoretical calculations. With increasing the nitrogen content, the crystal structure of chromium oxynitride transits from trigonal (Rc) to tetragonal (4 mm) phase and its saturation magnetization reduces significantly. Furthermore, they achieve a large and controllable exchange bias field in the chromia heterostructures by synthetic anion engineering. This work reflects the anion engineering in functional oxides towards potential applications in giant magnetoresistance and tunnelling junctions of modern magnetic sensors and read heads.
Mixed‐Dimensional MoS2/Ge Heterostructure Junction Field‐Effect Transistors for Logic Operation and Photodetection
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Liming , Zhang Yichi , Yang Maolong , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Ningning , Jiang Zuimin , Liu Maliang , Zhu Zhangming , Hu Huiyong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on heterostructures between atomically thin 2D and 3D semiconductor materials. This paper proposes a 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/3D germanium (Ge) junction field‐effect transistor (JFET). Typical electrical characteristics of the JFET are observed, with a low subthreshold swing of ≈88 mV/dec and a high on/off ratio of ≈105. The device exhibits a bidirection photoresponse in which the photocurrent polarity is reversed depending on the wavelength of light. Under visible illumination at 532 nm, the positive photoresponsivity of this device can be modulated by the gate voltage, reaching a peak value of 66 A W−1. In contrast, the device exhibits a tunable negative photoresponse behavior under an infrared illumination of 1550 nm. This is attributed to the competition between the negative photoresponse from the bolometric effect in MoS2 and the positive photoresponse from photogenerated carriers in Ge. Based on these interesting characteristics in this JFET, three controllable current states (−1, 0, and 1) are realized by changing the gate voltage and infrared light. These results indicate that the device has promising potential as a multifunctional optoelectronic unit, including signal amplification, broadband photodetection, and multilogic calculations.
Internal Electric Field on Steering Charge Migration: Modulations, Determinations and Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Yue Xiaoyang , Fan Jiajie , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnergy‐related problems induced by ever‐continuous fossil consumption have arisen as one of the most challenging issues in the 21st century, imposing urgent demands on advanced materials to achieve high energy utilization and a sustainable society. In various solar energy utilization and solar‐to‐fuel energy conversion processes, charge carriers are the main and inevitable participators, and the charge dynamics related to their generation, migration, separation, and utilization is the key to advance the material design for settling the above issues. Internal electric field (IEF), also named as built‐in electric field, could guide directional migration of charge carriers, achieving effective charge separation, utilization, and prolonged lifetimes. This critical review begins with the discussion on various modulation strategies toward the IEF together with in‐detail elucidated mechanisms on its formation. Some cascade systems for telling the conclusive role from the induced IEF and the intrinsic design strategy are discussed. Then, a summary of the state‐of‐the‐art advances in the characterization means toward the IEF from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives is provided. Finally presented are IEF modulations in several specific energy‐related applications concerning solar cell, photocatalysis, photodetectors, and batteries to better understand its superiority for well‐performed material design, followed by perspectives on future development and opportunities of the IEF design.
Broadly Applicable Hydrogel Fabrication Procedures Guided by YAP/TAZ‐Activity Reveal Stiffness, Adhesiveness, and Nuclear Projected Area as Checkpoints for Mechanosensing
Authors: Gandin Alessandro , Torresan Veronica , Ulliana Lorenzo , Panciera Tito , Contessotto Paolo , Citron Anna , Zanconato Francesca , Cordenonsi Michelangelo , Piccolo Stefano , Brusatin Giovanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMechanical signals are pivotal ingredients in how cells perceive and respond to their microenvironments, and to synthetic biomaterials that mimic them. In spite of increasing interest in mechanobiology, probing the effects of physical cues on cell behavior remains challenging for a cell biology laboratory without experience in fabrication of biocompatible materials. Hydrogels are ideal biomaterials recapitulating the physical cues that natural extracellular matrices (ECM) deliver to cells. Here, protocols are streamlined for the synthesis and functionalization of cell adhesive polyacrylamide‐based (PAA‐OH) and fully‐defined polyethyleneglycol‐based (PEG‐RGD) hydrogels tuned at various rigidities for mechanobiology experiments, from 0.3 to >10 kPa. The mechanosignaling properties of these hydrogels are investigated in distinct cell types by monitoring the activation state of YAP/TAZ. By independently modulating substrate stiffness and adhesiveness, it is found that although ECM stiffness represents an overarching mechanical signal, the density of adhesive sites does impact on cellular mechanosignaling at least at intermediate rigidity values, corresponding to normal and pathological states of living tissues. Using these tools, it is found that YAP/TAZ nuclear accumulation occurs when the projected area of the nucleus surpasses a critical threshold of approximatively 150 µm2. This work suggests the existence of distinct checkpoints for cellular mechanosensing.
Mass‐Manufactured Beam‐Steering Metasurfaces for High‐Speed Full‐Duplex Optical Wireless‐Broadcasting Communications
Authors: Tao Jin , You Quan , Li Zile , Luo Ming , Liu Zichen , Qiu Ying , Yang Yan , Zeng Yongquan , He Zhixue , Xiao Xi , Zheng Guoxing , Yu Shaohua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBeam‐steering devices, which are at the heart of optical wireless‐broadcasting communication links, play an important role in data allocation and exchange. An ideal beam‐steering device features large steering angles, arbitrary channel numbers, reconfigurability, and ultracompactness. However, these criteria have been achieved only partially with conventional beam‐steering devices based on waveguides, micro‐electricalmechanical systems, spatial light modulators, and gratings, which will substantially limit the application of optical wireless‐broadcasting communication techniques. In this study, an ultracompact full‐duplex metabroadcasting communication system is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits beam steering angles up to ±40°, 14 broadcasting channels with capacity for downstream and upstream links up to 100 and 10 Gbps for each user channel, three operating modes for flexible signal switching, and metadevice dimensions as small as 2 mm × 2 mm. In particular, the beam‐steering metadevices are mass‐manufactured by a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) processing platform, which shows their potential for large‐scale commercial applications. The demonstrated metabroadcasting communication system merges optical wireless‐broadcasting communications and metasurfaces, which reduces the complexity of beam‐steering devices while significantly increasing their performance, opening up a new avenue for high‐quality optical wireless‐broadcasting communications.