bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNDROME OF HYPERPLASTIC FETAL VISCEROMEGALY AND NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA (BECKWITH'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Sotelo-Avila Cirilo , Singer Don B. 
Published: December 2021

The syndrome of hyperplastic visceromegaly (Beckwith's syndrome) was studied clinically in three patients and at autopsy in four patients. The findings in these cases were compiled with those in 31 previously reported cases. Clinical features in decreasing order of frequency were omphalocele, macroglossia, increased birth weight, nephromegaly, facial flame nevus, and hepatomegaly. Neonatal hypoglycemia has been chemically documented in only 18% of the cases but is likely to be one of the most common features of the syndrome.
Pathologic features include adrenal cortical cytomegaly, renal medullary dysplasia, pancreatic islet hyperplasia, adrenal cortical cysts, pancreatic acinar hyperplasia, diaphragmatic hernias, and persistent glomerulogenesis in decreasing order of frequency.
Two of the three surviving patients in this series were mentally retarded at 13 and 8½ years of age respectively. Four patients studied at autopsy disclosed, in addition to features common to the syndrome, many incidental developmental defects of the cardiovascular system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal tract, and other organ systems.
The significance in recognition of this syndrome lies in the sometimes disastrous effects of neonatal hypoglycemia. In those patients who survive beyond the neonatal period, the possible development of renal or adrenal malignancy should be borne in mind.
PICA—SYMPTOM OR VESTIGIAL INSTINCT?
Authors: Neumann Hans H. 
Published: December 2021

Pica is found commonly in the United States, and universally in West Africa. From observations in West Africa, pica—particularly the chewing of pieces of wood—appears to be the expression of an instinctual need for something hard to chew on. This may favor the development and maintenance of sound primary and secondary dentitions. Excellent, decay-resistant teeth prevail wherever indulgence in this type of pica is permitted.
In "advanced" societies the urge to chew on hard non-edible materials is provisionally sanctioned during the time of "teething." The need for it seems to extend over years rather than oven the few weeks during which it is tolerated.
As the instinctual urge becomes vestigial or suppressed, other functionally inadequate materials may be employed by children.
The view that pica in children is generally an expression of a personality disturbance seems questionable.
ALCOHOL-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA AND COMA CAUSED BY ALCOHOL SPONGING
Authors: Moss Malcolm H. 
Published: December 2021

The inhalation of ethyl or isopropylalcohol vapor during sponge bathing may result in alcohol intoxication and coma. Ingestion of these alcohols may cause hypoglycemia in children or adults.
The present case is the first reported in which alcohol-induced hypoglycemia developed following inhalation of alcohol.
A six month-old male infant became comatose following sponge bathing with ethyl alcohol. He was found to have acute alcohol intoxication (blood alcohol 220 mg per 100 ml) and severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose 22 mg per 100 ml). The administration of 50% glucose in water intravenously resulted in prompt recovery.
Alcohol sponging to lower elevated temperature is rarely necessary. Cooling with tepid water is effective and considerably less hazardous; the addition of alcohol is not necessary.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Corsa Leslie 
Published: December 2021

We referred Dr. Pinto's letter to Dr. Leslie Corsa, Jr., of the Center for Population Planning, University of Michigan. His comments follow.
Thanks for the opportunity to comment on Dr. Pinto's letter. I hope the following is helpful.
Dr. Pinto's concern with important national and world problems affecting, but largely outside of his specialized professional area, is refreshing. His recognition that he personally can do something about the many problems arising from present levels of births and resultant population growth is crucial.
Human Genetics, ed. 2, Dr. Victor A. McKusick. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1969, 221 pp., $3.95 (paper), $5.95 (cloth)
Authors: Gerald Park S. 
Published: December 2021

If you are a medical student, house officer, or practicing physician, unversed in human genetics but wanting a quick orientation, then this may be the book for you. It is brief, inexpensive, and gratifyingly up-to-date.
In the 5 years since the first edition of this small book, there have been many important developments in human genetics—the use of hybrid cells for genetic analysis, the discovery of multiple structural genes for the Y chain of Hgb F, appreciation of the frequency of the XYY syndrome, the use of amniocentesis for antenatal diagnosis, and so forth.
VITAMIN B12-DEPENDENT METHYLMALONICACIDURIA: AMINO ACID TOXICITY, LONG CHAIN KETONURIA, AND PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN B12
Authors: Hsia Y. Edward , Lilljeqvist Anne-Ch. , Rosenberg Leon E. 
Published: December 2021

Methylmalonicaciduria is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by protein intolerance, neonatal or infantile ketoacidosis, long chain ketonuria, and by the accumulation of large amounts of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in blood and urine. The present study examines the metabolic basis for these features in a young boy with the vitamin B12-dependent variant of this disorder. A diet containing 5 gm of protein per kg body weight per day resulted in transient ketoacidosis, long chain ketonuria, and increased methylmalonicaciduria. Isoleucine, valine, methionine, and threonine, all known MMA precursors, were responsible for this protein intolerance. Oral loads of each of these amino acids resulted in equimolar 1,000 µg increases in urinary MMA. Valine and isoleucine also precipitated mild ketoacidosis and long chain ketonuria.
Injections of vitamin B12 (1000 µg per day) promptly lowered urine MMA by 70% and partially corrected the defect in propionate or methylmalonate oxidation found in the patient's leucocytes or platelets. While receiving vitamin B12, the clinical toxicity of a valine load was abolished and its biochemical effects significantly modified.
These findings demonstrate that the observed protein intolerance and ketoacidosis in patients with methylmalonicaciduria are direct results of the primary block in methylmalonate catabolism and that vitamin B12 acts by overcoming, in part, this metabolic block. These conclusions imply that children with this disorder should respond to dietary protein restriction and/or vitamin B12 supplementation, a regimen on which our patient has thrived for over 2 years.
EVALUATION OF A SCHOOL FOR YOUNG MOTHERS
Authors: Stine Oscar C. , H. P. , Kelley Elizabeth B. 
Published: December 2021

Registration with a social agency, required attendance of prenatal care, a school lunch, supplemental milk, counseling, nutritional education, health education, group discussion, and selfgovernment are elements of a public school program for teen-age mothers.
To study the health impact of this program, we located the birth certificates of children born to mothers who were 16 years of age and under and who attended the program. We matched these certificates with certificates of children of the same race and sex born to mothers of the same age living in similar socioeconomic census tracts who did not attend the school but who gave birth during the same period of time.
This gave us a study and control group totaling 448 births to mothers 14, 15, and 16 years old. We defined low birth weight as under 2,501 gm and found 23.7% of the control group and 11.6% of the study group to be low birth weight infants. We defined gestation periods less than 37 weeks as premature and found 34.4% of the control group and 21.4% of the study group to be born prematurely. Both of these differences were statistically significant at the level of p smaller than .01. The slightly diminished frequency of prenatal care in the control group was not significantly associated with the differences in birth weight or gestational age. One infant died in the study group and eight infants died in the control group.
The differences between the study group and the control group were most pronounced among the 14-year-old mothers.
SIR WILLIAM WRITES ABOUT MASSIVE ABDOMINAL TUMORS IN CHILDREN
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Osler delivered a number of lectures on how to diagnose abdominal tumors to a postgraduate class at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1893. The comments to this class about abdominal tumors in childhood, cited below, give an idea of Osler's lecture style.
In children, massive tumors of the abdomen are not uncommon, and, as a rule, are either sarcomata of the kidney or of the retro-peritoneal glands. The kidney tumors are the most frequent. Both ultimately produce large, solid growths, which may occupy the greater portion of the abdominal cavity. In the differentiation of these two forms we rarely have any difficulty. Both develop painlessly, and the child may make no complaint whatever; the general health may not be seriously affected, even when the mass has attained a considerable size. Death, indeed, may occur, as in a remarkable case which I have reported of embolism of the heart (the transference of sarcomatous thrombi from the renal vein) , before there were any symptoms to attract attention. Progressive emaciation, with enlargement of the abdomen, usually painless . . . are the prominent characters, which are common, however, to both the renal and the retro-peritoneal growth. The two important points of differentiation are, first, the retro-peritoneal growth is more central in its origin, and, if seen early, it is found to occupy the umbilical region, not extending to the flanks; whereas, in the renal tumor, as in the case before us, the growth is lateral, and fills the entire flank, extending deeply behind.
Analyzing Chldren's Art, by Rhoda Kellogg. Palo Alto, California: The National Press, 1969, 308 pp., $8.95
Authors: Baker Harry 
Published: December 2021

This book, based on a unique experience, gives us an insight into a facet of childhood development which we have not had before.
The Golden Gate Kindergarten Association, founded in San Francisco in 1878, now conducts a Nursery School and Child Art Classes. The Nursery School directed by Rhoda Kellogg since 1945 is singular because it admits children as young as 24 months for day care. Some of the activities provided for these children are scribbling, drawing, easel painting and finger painting; for the past 20 years, the author has collected, dated, and named these scribblings, drawings, and paintings. This accumulation contains a complete spectrum of material from the child's earliest attempts at scribbling to the pictorial efforts of children aged 24 to 60 months.
FECAL FAT AND NITROGEN IN HEALTHY CHILDREN AND IN CHILDREN WITH MALABSORPTION OR MALDIGESTION
Authors: Shmerling D. H. , Forrer J. C. W. , Prader A. 
Published: December 2021

The daily excretion of total fatty acids and nitrogen in stool was assessed in 3 or 5 days' collection periods in 71 control patients and in 71 patients with different forms of malabsorption and maldigestion. Control infants have higher normal values for fecal fat (range 1.1 to 3.6 gm/day, upper limit, calculated as mean ± S.D. = 4.3 gm/day) than older children (range 0.2 to 2.2 gm/day, mean + 2 S.D. = 3.02 for children aged 1 to 4 years, and range 0.8 to 3.2 gm/day, mean + 2 S.D. = 3.11 gm/day for children aged 4 to 10 years). The upper limit of fecal nitrogen was found to be 1 gm in infants and 1.2 gm/day in children.
Patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency excreted significantly higher amounts of both fat and nitrogen than those of camparable age with untreated Celiac disease. These findings can be of diagnostic value in this age group.
THE FAMILY IN CLASSICAL GREECE, by W. K. Lacey. London: Thames and Hudson, 1969, 342 pp., 63s ($7.50)
Authors: Cone Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

From ancient times until today the strongest force in Greek life has always been the family. Indeed, as the author–University Lecturer in Classics at St. Catherine's College, Cambridge–points out, classical Greek history, literature, and art cannot be properly understood without a knowledge of the family. And yet, there is no previous book on the subject–at least in English. For this reason Mr. Lacey's book in itself is destined to become a classic.
Aristotle began his work on Politics by contending that the Greek states could not be understood unless they were broken down into their smallest parts; the smallest being the family or oikos made up of three elements, the male, the female, and the servant.
STUDIES IN CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY, by D.P. Mullan. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1969, 238 pp., $12.00
Authors: Coffey Victoria P. 
Published: December 2021

This little book of about 230 pages is noteworthy on two counts. First, it contains an excellent up-to-date summary of recent advances in clinical enzymology; and second, the author succeeds in making the book easy to read, despite the complexity of the subject. To do so is quite an achievement, requiring the unusual talent of making understandable a topic most physicians would find recondite.
There are eleven chapters each of which deals with a particular application of enzymology, such as cardiac infarction, African heart disease, pregnancy, inherited metabolic abnormalities, and so forth.
VITAMIN D DEPENDENCY: AN INHERITED POSTNATAL SYNDROME WITH SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Arnaud C. , Maijer R. , Reade T. , Scriver C. R. , Whelan D. T. 
Published: December 2021

Three French-Canadian children in a large inbred pedigree each developed hypocalcemic, hypophosphatemic rickets in the latter half of their first year of life; there were also manifestations of generalized renal tubular dysfunction. These abnormalities, which mimic advanced Vitamin D deficiency, disappeared only when Vitamin D2 or D3 was given at about 100 times the recommended daily allowance; this indicated the diagnosis of Vitamin D dependency.
Enamel hypoplasia was a prominent clinical finding; only those teeth which calcify postnatally were affected, indicating that the condition found does not affect Vitamin D-dependent nutrition in utero.
The level of parathyroid hormone was elevated in serum before treatment; it fell to normal either after treatment with Vitamin D, or during intravenous infusion with a calcium solution sufficient to produce hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D dependency appeared to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in this pedigree, but we could observe no phenotypic signs in presumably obligate heterozygotes. One of the three cases in the pedigree arose from outbreeding, suggesting that the mutant allele is probably not particularly rare in the population under our surveillance.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Askin John A. 
Published: December 2021

I would like to comment upon the leading article in Pediatrics for May 1970, "Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Childhood," by Robert F. Stone and Giulio J. Barbero.
In the attempt by the authors to define the "Symptom Complex Of The Irritable Bowel Complex Syndrome" they have not given sufficient consideration to the possibility of anomaly of the excretory tract being the cause of the recurrent abdominal pain.
I think that every one with any experience in taking care of children will agree that recurrent abdominal pain in childhood is a very common problem.
Cortical Blindness, Fever, and Convulsions—A Misinterpretation
Authors: McEnery John T. 
Published: December 2021

I must protest the article in the July issue of Pediatrics (46:102) by Oyin Olurin, titled "Cortical Blindness after Convulsions and Fever." This misleading title only seems to perpetuate the canard, firmly entrenched in the layman's medical knowledge, that high fevers are dangerous.1
Parents, unconcerned with temperatures of 101 or 102, suddenly panic when their child's fever rises two points to 103 or 104. Brain damage seldom results from fever alone. Four of the reported cases in the above article had cerebral malaria according to the author's own evaluation.
Rapidly Administered Hypertonic Solutions
Authors: Harris Robert L. 
Published: December 2021

The article "Clinically Significant Physiological Changes from Rapidly Administered Hypertonic Solutions: Acute Osmol Poisoning" (Pediatrics, 46:267, 1970) by Kravath, et al. is a valuable addition to the pediatric literature. In a series of interesting experiments the authors again document the potential dangers of rapid intravenous infusions of hypertonic solutions. However, the implication that the experiments so performed are necessarily applicable inthe human organism need some clarification.
In considering the effects of an intravenous infusion in the human, three factors should be considered: (1) osmoiality, (2) volume, and (3) total dose.
Neonatal Suppurative Parotitis
Authors: Tow Abraham 
Published: December 2021

The report on neonatal suppurative parotitis by Leake and Leake (Pediatrics, 46:203, 1970) is an interesting one. May I take the liberty of adding some opinions based on experiences at the New York Polyclinic Hospital where I was active on the newborn service from 1925 to 1959.
This condition is much more common than the above authors would lead us to believe. I followed over a dozen cases. All were premature infants and all recovered. Before the advent of antibiotics, the prognosis was guarded.
EVIDENCE FOR INDEPENDENT REGULATORS OF ORGAN MATURATION IN FETAL RABBITS
Authors: Kotas Robert V. , Fletcher Barry D. , Torday John , Avery Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2021

The degree of organ development bears a relationship to gestational age, but in a given infant not all organs need be at the same stage of development. The range of variation of organ maturation can be best studied in an animal with a large litter, such as the rabbit, in which gestation can be precisely timed.
Body weight, ossification centers, and lung "maturity," defined as distensibility and stability on deflation, were all measured. Marked variations within a litter allowed study of the relationships between them. Body weight and the number of ossification centers were closely correlated at the same gestational age (R = 0.88, p 001). Ossification centers were less well correlated with gestational age. Lung "age," on the other hand, was more closely related to gestational age than body weight.
A single injection of the fetus with 9-fluoroprednisolone, a glucocorticoid, at 24 days resulted in an acceleration of lung maturation, defined in terms of distensibility and the presence of surfactant by 26 to 27 days. No increase in lung weight took place. Similarly, the glucocorticoid had no effect on body size or the number of ossification centers, suggesting that regulators of maturation of these organs are independent.
ON CATS AND CRIB DEATH
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Crib death or the Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be a major cause of death of young babies and yet there is no known common pathogenic mechanism for this syndrome. Of all the proposed hypotheses to explain the syndrome's etiology, that of mechanical suffocation by a cat is not even mentioned.1 But almost all grandmothers -whether they be ailurophiles or ailurophobes -are convinced that cats may mechanically suffocate an infant while he sleeps in his crib. The annotation below written in 1905 for a leading pediatric journal supports the widely held belief that cats should be banished from the nursery.2
The fondness many children display in taking cherished toys to bed with them is proverbial, and frequently these favourite bedfellows take the form of animal representations in the shape of rabbits, monkeys, and so on, the fur of which is usually much the worse for wear, and requires frequent stitching to prevent the shedding of the interior and for the preservation of the original outline. The more disreputable the appearance of the toy the better it is liked. Some children show a partiality for live animals, and of these cats are not unpopular. Cats, unlike dogs, evince a partiality for lying on the children's chests in close proximity to their faces, and when that is the case there is a real danger of a fatal termination by suffocation. An inquiry was recently held at Battersea into the circumstances of the death of a 1-month-old infant. A relative of the deceased stated that the infant was put to bed at mid-day, and half an hour later, when she went into the room, she found the cat curled up on the child's face.
TETRACYCLINES AND PERMANENT TEETH: THE RELATION BETWEEN DOSE AND TOOTH COLOR
Authors: Grossman Elmer R. , Walchek Alexander , Freedman Helen , Flanagan Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

A quantitative estimation of the darkening effect of tetracyclines on permanent incisors was made by correlating tooth colors with the recorded history of tetracycline exposure in 160 children under our care since infancy. The average darkening caused by one 6-day course of oral tetracycline or demethylchlortetracycline during the years of permanent incisor formation was 0.3 of a shade on a 14 shade dental scale. Children with five such courses of tetracycline therapy during the first 4½ to 5 years of life had permanent incisors averaging about two shades darker than children with no tetracycline exposure, a nearly imperceptible and cosmetically negligible difference; however, 3 of these 14 children had moderately darkened teeth.
With greater frequency of tetracycline exposure, the risk increases; four of our six patients with eight or more courses had noticeably dark teeth. After age 6 for girls and 7 for boys the risk of tetracycline staining can be ignored since the cosmetically important anterior teeth have all formed. When tetracycline therapy is indicated during the first 6 to 7 years, the use of oxytetracycline (or possibly doxycycline) may diminish tooth darkening.
THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PATIENT, HIS FAMILY, THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN, AND THE PEDIATRIC ALLERGIST
Authors: Heimlich Ernest M. , Ellis Elliot F. , Frick Oscar , Ghory Joseph E. , Lecks Harold I. , Strem Edward L. , Halpern Salmon 
Published: December 2021

The magnitude of the problem of allergic disease in children was brought out by the U.S. National Health Survey,1 which showed that 32.8% of children less than 17 years of age with chronic illness had an allergic disease. The purpose of this statement is to discuss the relationship between the child's primary physician and the pediatric allergist to help bring adequate care to the child with allergies.
Children may be referred to or consult an allergist for various reasons:
(1) An allergic survey may be necessary because earlier efforts failed to control allergic symptoms or because an allergy may be involved in recurring otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, or other infections.
(2) The child's physician may feel that desensitization is necessary, but he may not have the time, expertise, or the inclination to treat the child.
(3) The parents may recognize what they believe to be an allergic problem or they may feel that prior management has not brought satisfactory relief; therefore, they may seek advice and therapy on their own.
The goal of treatment of the child with allergy is to provide effective relief of symptoms and prevent the development of complications. An early comprehensive study of a child with allergy can be a prophylactic measure. Children should never be expected to "outgrow" their allergic symptoms. Some children appear to outgrow them; but, chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, or emphysema may develop later. Buffum urged, "When asthma begins, get it under control quickly. Patients treated early do better."2 Not every child with allergy needs to be seen by an allergist.