bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using heart rate monitoring to discover pain and discomfort in non-verbal persons with severe intellectual disability: Caregivers’ experiences
Authors: Boysen Elin Sundby , Øderud Tone , Strisland Frode , Kildal Emilie Smith-Meyer , Dahl Inger-Lise , Hassel Bjørnar , Morland Cecilie 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND Non-verbal persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) may suffer from pain or discomfort, but caregivers may not notice this because of the communication difficulties. Previously, we conducted a study in which professional caregivers used heart rate (HR) monitoring to identify situations that cause acute pain or distress in the everyday life of non-verbal persons with ID. OBJECTIVE To explore professional caregivers’ experience with using HR monitors to better understand non-verbal persons with ID. METHODS Fifteen professional caregivers and 30 final-year students of social education were recruited as informants based on their experience with HR monitoring in non-verbal persons. The informants were interviewed, and they responded to a questionnaire with open-ended questions. The qualitative data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Caregivers reported that HR monitoring provided information about acute pain, acute or prolonged distress, occurrence of epileptic seizures, and the non-verbal persons’ preferences and dislikes. HR data had to be interpreted contextually to be meaningful. Some informants found HR monitoring time-consuming or the interpretation of HR data challenging due to multiple possible causes of increased HR. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers experience HR monitoring as a potentially important source of information that may help them better understand non-verbal persons with ID.
Impact of central vision loss on oculomotor skills required for reading: An eye-tracking study
Authors: González-Vides L. , Gómez-Pedrero J.A. , Cañadas P. , Hernández-Verdejo J.L. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND A better understanding of the relationship between eye movements required for reading and central visual field loss may facilitate the design of more effective personalized visual rehabilitation programs to improve access to information and quality of life. OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of central vision loss due to maculopathy on the oculomotor skills required for reading and tasks of varying complexity, eye-tracking technology was used. METHODS Case-control study. Participants were 17 cases (61.7 years (SD [Formula: see text] 8.8), 12 females and 5 males) and 17 controls, matched for age and sex. Three computer-based tests were administered, analyzing eye fixations, saccadic movements, and visual search, measured with a 60 Hz eye-tracking device. RESULTS Central vision loss due to maculopathy increases the number of fixations and saccadic movements, indicating more instability in and out of the region of interest. Visual search required more fixations (16.2 [Formula: see text] 10.2 vs. 6.7 [Formula: see text] 1.9), more saccades (11.7 [Formula: see text] 6.4 vs. 3.3 [Formula: see text] 1.9), longer latency (701.3 [Formula: see text] 191.4 ms vs. 315.9 [Formula: see text] 56.0 ms), and longer time to find the target (113.1 [Formula: see text] 76.6 s vs. 18.5 [Formula: see text] 10.1 s). All comparisons between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference ([Formula: see text] 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the significant impact of central vision loss due to maculopathy on reading by increasing patterns of eye fixations, saccadic movements, and visual search strategies, as measured by eye-tracking technology. This technology may have high potential to improve the assessment and rehabilitation of people with maculopathy, and this may become key information for designing personalized interventions to improve the quality of life and autonomy of individuals with central vision loss.
Empowering accessibility: The dynamics of assistive technology acquisition
Authors: Eshleman Julie , Moon Nathan , Harris Frances , Linden Maureen 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND While it has been broadly agreed that there is a need for consolidated information about assistive technology, previous attempts have not been sufficient for detailed consumer demands. OBJECTIVE Researchers sought consumer feedback to determine what should be included in a comprehensive, accessible database of AT. METHODS We conducted focus groups with different stakeholder groups (people with diverse disabilities, practitioners, and circles of support). We used a framework analysis to map participant responses to the research questions using focus group transcripts and notes. RESULTS AT users are looking for quick access to certain information such as the cost versus benefit, reliability, funding, and compatibility. They expect to find this in a variety of formats (video, audio, text) with a collaborative element (reviews and recommendations) from other users. CONCLUSIONS In an AT product database, users want the option to search by activity rather than only disability category, as disability can fluctuate. Accessibility of the database is key, with people preferring modifiable and flexible formats for both adding and consuming information. A community of practice will foster the connections people require to confirm their decisions prior to purchase.
Artificial Intelligence Assistance in Point-of-Care Ultrasound Skill Retention for Novice Users in Space Medicine Scenarios
Authors: Hurd Victoria S. , Valle Michael Del , Kravets Victoria G. , Anderson Arian L. , Le Nhu-Nguyen , Kendall John L. , Hayman Allison P. , Riscinti Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Introduction As humanity progresses further into space, astronauts must be increasingly independent from mission control, especially in high-consequence medical scenarios. The high-utility and low-mass nature of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) makes this imaging modality ideal for spaceflight mission deployment. However, POCUS operator skill degrades over time, presenting an operational barrier to continuous, effective use. Further, formal medical education and POCUS-specific training are not requirements for astronaut candidates, potentially exacerbating skill degradation. Artificial intelligence (AI) assistance may mitigate skill decay, enabling long-term POCUS skill retention. To characterize the utility of this paradigm in space, we evaluated AI assistance effects on POCUS skill retention in subject pools with astronaut-mimicking educational demographics. Methods This prospective cohort study included 30 participants, evenly split into unassisted and AI-assisted cohorts. After undergoing 1 training session, participants collected 5 renal images, bladder images, and bladder volume estimations and completed usability and self-confidence surveys immediately, 2 wk, and 8 wk after initial training. Primary outcomes included target organ capture rates, image quality, bladder volume variability, perceived self-confidence, and perceived system usability. Results AI assistance minimized bladder volume variability aggregated over time ( P=0.004) and 2 wk after training ( P=0.009) and mitigated perceived system usability degradation with time ( P=0.04). No trends were found in organ-capture abilities, image quality, or self-confidence. Conclusion POCUS AI decreased bladder volume variability and mitigated system usability decrement. We recommend increasing study duration or reducing the number of data collections in future study designs and the fieldwide adoption of objective ultrasound image-quality metrics.
Isolation of the feline herpesvirus-1 modified live vaccine strain F2 from one of four cats with dendritic ulcers
Authors: Suga Yasuharu , Kirisawa Rikio 
Published: January 2025

Objectives To investigate the pathogenicity of feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) to the cornea, FHV-1 strains isolated from feline eyes with dendritic ulcers were subjected to genomic analysis to determine whether FHV-1 vaccine strains are involved in the formation of dendritic ulcers. Methods All open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the three F2 strains (Virbac, Intervet and Merial) and the FHV-1 clinical isolates from cats registered in GenBank were compared to detect nucleotide variants unique to the F2 strains, with those nucleotides then being used for simple genotyping of the F2 strains. In all isolates from feline eyes with dendritic ulcers, the regions including nucleotide variants of the F2 strain were amplified with PCR and sequenced. Isolates with nucleotide variants of the F2 strain were then subjected to next-generation sequencing to determine their full genome sequences, which were compared with all ORF sequences of the three F2 strains. Results Analysis of ORF sequences for simplified genotyping of F2 strains detected a single nucleotide variant in ORF28 and in ORF44. These were considered to be nucleotide variants unique to the F2 strain. Among the four FHV-1 isolates from eyes of four cats with dendritic ulcers, nucleotide variants of the F2 strain were detected in 1/4 strains (the NS strain). Next-generation sequencing of the NS strain was performed, and all ORF sequences of the NS strain were compared with the those of the three F2 strains. All ORF sequences of the NS strain were completely identical to those of two F2 strains (Virbac and Intervet) and some clones of the Merial vaccine strain. Conclusions and relevance The F2 strain was isolated from an eye with a dendritic ulcer, indicating that the strain has the potential to replicate in the corneal epithelium and form lesions.
Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation and endothelial function are associated with ischemic stroke and other vascular events in populations at high risk of stroke
Authors: Chen Hong , Luo Hua , Zhou Ju , Yu Ming , Qing Ting , Wang Yanfen , Shao Minjie , Wei Wei , Yi Xingyang 
Published: January 2025

Background The association of genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to endothelial function, inflammation, and their outcomes remains poorly studied. Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of ischemic stroke (IS) and other vascular events, and relationships between 19 SNPs in genes associated with endothelial function and inflammation with outcomes in a population at high risk of stroke. Design A prospective cohort study and multi-center community-based sectional survey. Methods As a part of the China National Stroke Screening Survey program, the investigation was carried out in southern China from May 2015 to January 2020. Participants from 8 randomly selected. In people who were determined to be at high risk of stroke, 19 SNPs were examined. Over an average follow-up period of 4.7 years, the results of these subjects were monitored using a longitudinal method. A new IS was the primary outcome assessed, and a combination of new vascular events was the secondary outcome. Results In total, 2893 participants were classified as high-risk for stroke, and 2698 were monitored for 4.7 years, resulting in 192 participants (7.1%) experiencing various outcomes. Out of these, 118 individuals (4.4%) had a novel IS, 24 (0.9%) suffered a hemorrhagic stroke (HS), 53 (2.0%) developed myocardial infarction (MI), and 33 (1.2%) passed away. Significant variations have been found in the genotype distributions of TLR4 rs752998, IL6R rs4845625, and TNF rs3093662 among participants with adverse outcomes compared to those without. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis identified a substantial SNP-SNP interaction involving HABP2 rs932650, TLR4 rs1927911, and IL6R rs4845625 ( P = .004). The high-risk genotypes of these 3 SNPs were linked to an increased risk of IS (OR = 2.186, 95% CI: 1.247-5.426, P < .001) and total vascular events (OR = 2.367, 95% CI: 1.433-5.798, P < .001), according to multivariate logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Conclusion The incidence of IS and other vascular events was significantly greater among participants who were categorized as being at high risk for stroke. The interacting high-risk genotypes of HABP2 rs932650, TLR4 rs1927911 and IL6R rs4845625 were independently associated with an increased risk of new IS and other vascular events.
Microleakage under metal and ceramic brackets after acid etch or laser surface treatment before bonding: An in vitro study
Authors: El Arabi Mohamed Ashraf , Abu Shamaa Nabil , Elkilani Naglaa Shawki , Taha Rasha Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Aim: To compare microleakage beneath ceramic and metal brackets prepared with either acid etching or laser conditioning. Design: An in vitro study. Setting: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. Methods: A total of 40 intact human premolars were selected and divided into four equal groups. The groups received the same adhesive-application procedures with different surface treatments and type of brackets: groups 1 (AM) and 3 (AC) underwent phosphoric acid etching; groups 2 (LM) and 4 (LC) underwent laser enamel conditioning using a Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Metal brackets were then bonded to the teeth in groups 1 (AM) and 2 (LM) and ceramic brackets in groups 3 (AC) and 4 (LC). Subsequently, they were placed in fuchsin dye solution. Each premolar was sectioned longitudinally in the occluso-gingival direction at right angles to the brackets. The dye penetration depth was calculated using a stereomicroscope. Microleakage was measured along the enamel-adhesive interface at each section’s gingival and occlusal levels. For group comparisons, the Tukey test was utilised as a post hoc test to determine statistical significance between groups. The independent sample t-test was utilised for comparing both subgroups. Results: The results demonstrated significantly more microleakage under metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel prepared with laser conditioning than with acid etching at both the gingival and occlusal surfaces and in total. The AC group exhibited the lowest amount of microleakage, but the LC group demonstrated the highest amount of microleakage. Conclusion: The ceramic bracket group treated with acid etching exhibited the lowest level of microleakage. Microleakage values on the gingival and occlusal surfaces were higher in both bracket types for the laser etched groups.
A Comparison Between Combined Ultrasonic and Bipolar Shears to Other Energy-Based Devices in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Do Kenny , Young Kurtis , Kawana Eric , Bigcas Jo-Lawrence 
Published: January 2025

Objective The Thunderbeat (TB) is a new surgical device that combines ultrasonic and bipolar energy. The objective of this study is to examine how the combined ultrasonic and bipolar shears affect surgical outcomes when compared to other methods. Data Sources and Review Methods Using the PRISMA guidelines, the researchers used broad search terms in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, which produced a total of 2823 initial results, with years ranging from 1955 to June 2024. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 final studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results This meta-analysis analyzes energy-based devices used on patients into 2 major groups: (1) thyroidectomy group and (2) neck dissection group. The researchers found that the use of the TB in thyroidectomies reduces operative time when compared to the Harmonic scalpel (HS) and Ligasure (LS). The pooled mean difference in thyroidectomy operation time for the TB vs HS was −5.77 min (95% CI: −11.07 to −.48, P-value: .03) and for the TB vs LS was −4.41 min (95% CI: −8.86 to .04, P-value: .05). We also found reduced operative time with the use of the TB vs standard electrocautery for neck dissection, where the mean difference was −39.76 min (95% CI: −63.00 to −16.51, P-value: .00). No significant differences were seen in blood loss or postoperative complications when comparing TB to other methods. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that TB can be equivalent to other energy-based devices and shows potential advantages over traditional electrocautery.
Patient activation and support needs in patients after ICU discharge: A UK survey of critical illness survivors
Authors: O’Neill Brenda , Linden Mark A , Ramsay Pam , Darweish Medniuk Alia , Outtrim Joanne , King Judy , Blackwood Bronagh 
Published: January 2025

Background: Understanding the degree to which patients are actively involved, confident and capable of engaging with self-management and rehabilitation could be an initial step in guiding individualised supportive strategies for people after critical illness. Aims: To assess the levels of active involvement with self management among ICU survivors using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), explore associations between patient characteristics and PAM results, and investigate its relationship with patients’ support needs at key transition points during the recovery process. Methods: Eligible participants received both the PAM and Support Needs After Critical care (SNAC) questionnaires by post. The return of the completed questionnaires was considered as consent to participate. Ethical approval was obtained (17/NI/0236). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and Pearson’s coefficient for correlations between variables. Findings: There were 200 completed PAM and SNAC questionnaires. PAM scores showed that levels of active involvement with self management fell into level 1 ( n = 64; disengaged and overwhelmed, low confidence to self manage) and 2 ( n = 70; still struggling), with considerably less participants achieving scores in level 3 ( n = 51; taking action) and 4 ( n = 15; pushing further). Lower patient activation levels were associated with higher support needs (r = −0.16, p = 0.02). Conclusion: We found that patient activation levels are low implying low knowledge, skills and confidence to self-manage after critical illness, and also that patients have support needs at various timepoints during recovery. Future research should focus on a longitudinal study to track changes in activation and support needs in the same patients over time and identify effective strategies to optimise recovery after critical illness.
Exploring perspectives of supporting the process of dying, death and bereavement among critical care staff: A multidisciplinary, qualitative approach
Authors: Joyce Elsa , Guerin Suzanne , Synman Lindi , Ryberg Melanie 
Published: January 2025

Background: Dying and death in critical care settings can have particularly negative implications for the bereavement experience of family members, family interaction and the wellbeing of critical care staff. This study explored critical care staff perspectives of dying, death and bereavement in this context, and their role related to patients and their families, adopting a multidisciplinary perspective. Method: This study employed a descriptive exploratory qualitative design, using reflexive thematic analysis to interpret the data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 critical care staff from hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. Most participants were female ( n = 11), with four male participants. Professional disciplines included nursing, dietetics, physiotherapy, anaesthesiology and medicine. Results: Key findings included supporting a ‘nice death’ for patients and their families, the challenges critical care staff experience, the need for better supports in critical care, and the need for change in current bereavement support provision given the diversity evident in the modern Irish population. Conclusion: This study suggests that the unique challenges faced by staff and families throughout the dying process may benefit from the development of additional psychological, educational, and infrastructural supports. Inconsistencies in supports across critical care units in Ireland were also identified. Future research should complement the current study and examine family members’ experience of the dying process in critical care and their perspectives on supports provided.
Patterns of osteoarthritis of the wrist: a single-centre observational cohort study
Authors: Cornette Bram , Hollevoet Nadine 
Published: January 2025

This study describes the patterns and prevalence of advanced osteoarthritis of the wrist. Bilateral wrist radiographs of 1327 patients over the age of 40 years were reviewed. Osteoarthritis was present in 228 (17%) patients (368 wrists). One wrist was affected in 88 (39%) patients and both wrists in 140 (61%). A total of 27 different patterns of wrist osteoarthritis were found. The most common pattern was isolated osteoarthritis of the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint (217 wrists, 59%), followed by isolated osteoarthritis of the radioscaphoid joint (45 wrists, 12%). In 251 (68%) wrists, advanced osteoarthritis was present only in the midcarpal joint, including the scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal joint. In 115 (31%) wrists, advanced arthritis was present in the radiocarpal joint or in both the mid- and radiocarpal joints. This suggests that advanced osteoarthritis of the midcarpal joint without radiocarpal involvement may be more common than previously thought. Level of evidence: IV
Partial cystectomy as a surgical option for colorectal cancer patients with pathological bladder invasion: an original retrospective study
Authors: Lan Bing , Luo Rui , Li Yang , Wang Shijie , Jiang Wei , Zhong Yun , Zhang Xuneng , Zheng Qingyang , He Zichuan , Ma Bo , Wang Hui , Yang Keli , Wang Huaiming 
Published: January 2025

Background: Limited research exists on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with bladder invasion, with survival outcomes post-cystectomy underexplored and a debate between partial and total cystectomy ongoing. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of pathological bladder invasion on the long-term tumour prognosis of patients with clinically diagnosed bladder invasion in CRC after cystectomy. Design: Retrospective, cohort study. Methods: Our study involving 105 CRC patients with bladder invasion who had partial or total cystectomy from 2012 to 2020 collected surgical and pathological data. Groups were divided by pathological bladder invasion presence and compared for 3-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates. Multiphoton imaging assessed collagen features in some samples. Results: Pathological bladder invasion was confirmed in 50 patients (48%). Of 94 who had partial cystectomy, 41 were in the bladder invasion (+) group. The 3-year OS and RFS rates were 62.97% and 57.35% for the bladder invasion (+) group, and 77.16% and 58.68% for the bladder invasion (−) group, with no significant differences in recurrence rates between groups ( p > 0.05). There are also no significant differences in 3-year local recurrence and intravesical recurrence rates between the two groups (18.62% vs 25.83%, 7.73% vs 11.82%, p > 0.05). Distant metastasis was identified as an independent risk factor for OS and RFS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Of the 24 samples that underwent multi-photon imaging, 142 collagen features extracted did not show statistical differences. Conclusion: Pathological bladder invasion impacts CRC patients’ post-cystectomy survival may be less than what clinical practice implies. Partial cystectomy in cases with pathological bladder invasion might offer similar survival rates to total cystectomy. Trial registration: ChiCTR2300077861.