bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Process‐Based Model Integrating Remote Sensing Data for Evaluating Ecosystem Services
Authors: Niu Zhongen , He Honglin , Peng Shushi , Ren Xiaoli , Zhang Li , Gu Fengxue , Zhu Gaofeng , Peng Changhui , Li Pan , Wang Junbang , Ge Rong , Zeng Na , Zhu Xiaobo , Lv Yan , Chang Qingqing , Xu Qian , Zhang Mengyu , Liu Weihua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems provide multiple services interacting in complex ways. However, most ecosystem services (ESs) models (e.g., InVEST and ARIES) ignored the relationships among ESs. Process‐based models can overcome this limitation, and the integration of ecological models with remote sensing data could greatly facilitate the investigation of the complex ecological processes. Therefore, based on the Carbon and Exchange between Vegetation, Soil, and Atmosphere (CEVSA) models, we developed a process‐based ES model (CEVSA‐ES) integrating remotely sensed leaf area index to evaluate four important ESs (i.e., productivity provision, carbon sequestration, water retention, and soil retention) at annual timescale in China. Compared to the traditional terrestrial biosphere models, the main innovation of CEVSA‐ES model was the consideration of soil erosion processes and its impact on carbon cycling. The new version also improved the carbon‐water cycle algorithms. Then, the Sobol and DEMC methods that integrated the CEVSA‐ES model with nine flux sites comprising 39 site‐years were used to identify and optimize parameters. Finally, the model using the optimized parameters was validated at 26 field sites comprising 135 site‐years. Simulation results showed good fits with ecosystem processes, explaining 95%, 92%, 76%, and 65% interannual variabilities of gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, net ecosystem productivity, and evapotranspiration, respectively. The CEVSA‐ES model performed well for productivity provision and carbon sequestration, which explained 96% and 81% of the spatial‐temporal variations of the observed annual productivity provision and carbon sequestration, respectively. The model also captured the interannual trends of water retention and soil erosion for most sites or basins.
Global Volume Distribution for Subaerial Volcanism on Earth
Authors: Papale P. , Marzocchi W. , Garg D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKnowledge of the global distribution of Earth volcanism is critical in many fields of the Geosciences involving large‐scale assessments, such as plate tectonics, global volcanic hazards, and climate change. Recent analysis has revealed that global eruption inter‐event times are exponentially distributed, implying that on the global scale volcanic eruptions are Poisson distributed. Here, we employ those findings to calibrate a continuous frequency‐volume distribution for subaerial eruptions of any size on Earth from small lava flows to super‐eruptions. Obtaining such a continuous global distribution implies considering the existing data and the way they are collected and categorized into databases, as well as extending the available eruption volume data to eruption VEI classes less than 4. The continuous global distribution shows an initial log‐normal section up to volumes of about 170 Mm3, followed by a power‐law section, tapered on its extreme right‐end side, encompassing about five orders of magnitude of eruption volumes. The potential implications are discussed in terms of short‐term eruption forecasts of the size of an impending eruption, critical for volcanic emergency management.
FRIS Revisited in 2018: On the Circulation and Water Masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the Southern Weddell Sea
Authors: Janout Markus A. , Hellmer Hartmut H. , Hattermann Tore , Huhn Oliver , Sültenfuss Jürgen , Østerhus Svein , Stulic Lukrecia , Ryan Svenja , Schröder Michael , Kanzow Torsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) is characterized by moderate basal melt rates due to the near‐freezing waters that dominate the wide southern Weddell Sea continental shelf. We revisited the region in austral summer 2018 with detailed hydrographic and noble gas surveys along FRIS. The FRIS front was characterized by High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) in Ronne Depression, Ice Shelf Water (ISW) on its eastern flank, and an inflow of modified Warm Deep Water (mWDW) entering through Central Trough. Filchner Trough was dominated by Ronne HSSW‐sourced ISW, likely forced by a recently intensified circulation beneath FRIS due to enhanced sea ice production in the Ronne polynya since 2015. Glacial meltwater fractions and tracer‐based water mass dating indicate two separate ISW outflow cores, one hugging the Berkner slope after a two‐year travel time, and the other located in the central Filchner Trough following a ∼six year‐long transit through the FRIS cavity. Historical measurements indicate the presence of two distinct modes, in which water masses in Filchner Trough were dominated by either Ronne HSSW‐derived ISW (Ronne‐mode) or more locally derived Berkner‐HSSW (Berkner‐mode). While the dominance of these modes has alternated on interannual time scales, ocean densities in Filchner Trough have remained remarkably stable since the first surveys in 1980. Indeed, geostrophic velocities indicated outflowing ISW‐cores along the trough's western flank and onto Berkner Bank, which suggests that Ronne‐ISW preconditions Berkner‐HSSW production. The negligible density difference between Berkner‐ and Ronne‐mode waters indicates that each contributes cold dense shelf waters to protect FRIS against inflowing mWDW.
Sex-specific nicotine sensitization and imprinting of self-administration in rats inform GWAS findings on human addiction phenotypes
Authors: Kozlova Alena , Butler Robert R. , Zhang Siwei , Ujas Thomas , Zhang Hanwen , Steidl Stephan , Sanders Alan R. , Pang Zhiping P. , Vezina Paul , Duan Jubao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRepeated nicotine exposure leads to sensitization (SST) and enhances self-administration (SA) in rodents. However, the molecular basis of nicotine SST and SA and their biological relevance to the mounting genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci of human addictive behaviors are poorly understood. Considering a gateway drug role of nicotine, we modeled nicotine SST and SA in F1 progeny of inbred rats (F344/BN) and conducted integrative genomics analyses. We unexpectedly observed male-specific nicotine SST and a parental effect of SA only present in paternal F344 crosses. Transcriptional profiling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell further revealed sex- and brain region-specific transcriptomic signatures of SST and SA. We found that genes associated with SST and SA were enriched for those related to synaptic processes, myelin sheath, and tobacco use disorder or chemdependency. Interestingly, SST-associated genes were often downregulated in male VTA but upregulated in female VTA, and strongly enriched for smoking GWAS risk variants, possibly explaining the male-specific SST. For SA, we found widespread region-specific allelic imbalance of expression (AIE), of which genes showing AIE bias toward paternal F344 alleles in NAc core were strongly enriched for SA-associated genes and for GWAS risk variants of smoking initiation, likely contributing to the parental effect of SA. Our study suggests a mechanistic link between transcriptional changes underlying the NIC SST and SA and human nicotine addiction, providing a resource for understanding the neurobiology basis of the GWAS findings on human smoking and other addictive phenotypes.
A novel cripavirus of an ectoparasitoid wasp increases pupal duration and fecundity of the wasp’s Drosophila melanogaster host
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Wang Fei , Yuan Bo , Yang Lei , Yang Yi , Fang Qi , Kuhn Jens H , Song Qisheng , Ye Gongyin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We identified a 9332-nucleotide-long novel picornaviral genome sequence in the transcriptome of an agriculturally important parasitoid wasp (Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)). The genome of the novel virus, Rondani’s wasp virus 1 (RoWV-1), contains two long open reading frames encoding a nonstructural and a structural protein, respectively, and is 3’-polyadenylated. Phylogenetic analyses firmly place RoWV-1 into the dicistrovirid genus Cripavirus. We detected RoWV-1 in various tissues and life stages of the parasitoid wasp, with the highest virus load measured in the larval digestive tract. We demonstrate that RoWV-1 is transmitted horizontally from infected to uninfected wasps but not vertically to wasp offspring. Comparison of several important biological parameters between the infected and uninfected wasps indicates that RoWV-1 does not have obvious detrimental effects on wasps. We further demonstrate that RoWV-1 also infects Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen, 1830), the hosts of the pupal ectoparasitoid wasps, and thereby increases its pupal developmental duration and fecundity, but decreases the eclosion rate. Together, these results suggest that RoWV-1 may have a potential benefit to the wasp by increasing not only the number of potential wasp hosts but also the developmental time of the hosts to ensure proper development of wasp offspring.
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1-dependent metabolic alterations induce tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by promoting macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Niu Xingjian , Ma Jianli , Li Jingtong , Gu Yucui , Yin Lei , Wang Yiran , Zhou Xiaoping , Wang Jinlu , Ji Hongfei , Zhang Qingyuan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEndocrine therapy is the standard treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, but tumors eventually develop resistance. However, endocrine therapy resistance mechanisms mediated through interactions between breast cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are still unclear. Here, we characterized sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) overexpression drives the highly glycolytic phenotype of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells where enhanced lactic acid secretion promotes M2-like TAM polarization via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway. In turn, M2-like TAMs activate breast cancer cells through EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling, providing feedback to upregulate SGLT1 and promote tamoxifen resistance and accelerate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Higher expression of SGLT1 and CD163+ TAMs was associated with endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancers. Our study identifies a novel vicious cycle of metabolic reprogramming, M2-like TAM polarization, and endocrine therapy resistance, which involves SGLT1, proposing SGLT1 as a therapeutic target to overcome endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer.
Small-molecule inhibition of APE1 induces apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Long Kaili , Gu Lili , Li Lulu , Zhang Ziyu , Li Enjie , Zhang Yilan , He Lingfeng , Pan Feiyan , Guo Zhigang , Hu Zhigang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) plays a critical role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which is responsible for the excision of apurinic sites (AP sites). In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), APE1 is highly expressed and associated with poor patient prognosis. The suppression of APE1 could lead to the accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage in cells. Therefore, APE1 is viewed as an important marker of malignant tumors and could serve as a potent target for the development of antitumor drugs. In this study, we performed a high-throughput virtual screening of a small-molecule library using the three-dimensional structure of APE1 protein. Using the AP site cleavage assay and a cell survival assay, we identified a small molecular compound, NO.0449-0145, to act as an APE1 inhibitor. Treatment with NO.0449-0145 induced DNA damage, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in the NSCLC cell lines A549 and NCI-H460. This inhibitor was also able to impede cancer progression in an NCI-H460 mouse model. Moreover, NO.0449-0145 overcame both cisplatin- and erlotinib-resistance in NSCLC cell lines. These findings underscore the importance of APE1 as a therapeutic target in NSCLC and offer a paradigm for the development of small-molecule drugs that target key DNA repair proteins for the treatment of NSCLC and other cancers.
Nociceptive sensory neurons promote CD8 T cell responses to HSV-1 infection
Authors: Filtjens Jessica , Roger Anais , Quatrini Linda , Wieduwild Elisabeth , Gouilly Jordi , Hoeffel Guillaume , Rossignol Rafaëlle , Daher Clara , Debroas Guilhaume , Henri Sandrine , Jones Claerwen M. , Malissen Bernard , Mackay Laura K. , Moqrich Aziz , Carbone Francis R. , Ugolini Sophie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHost protection against cutaneous herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection relies on the induction of a robust adaptive immune response. Here, we show that Nav1.8+ sensory neurons, which are involved in pain perception, control the magnitude of CD8 T cell priming and expansion in HSV-1-infected mice. The ablation of Nav1.8-expressing sensory neurons is associated with extensive skin lesions characterized by enhanced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Mechanistically, Nav1.8+ sensory neurons are required for the downregulation of neutrophil infiltration in the skin after viral clearance to limit the severity of tissue damage and restore skin homeostasis, as well as for eliciting robust CD8 T cell priming in skin-draining lymph nodes by controlling dendritic cell responses. Collectively, our data reveal an important role for the sensory nervous system in regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection, thereby opening up possibilities for new therapeutic strategies.
Oxytocin and vasopressin within the ventral and dorsal lateral septum modulate aggression in female rats
Authors: Oliveira Vinícius Elias de Moura , Lukas Michael , Wolf Hannah Nora , Durante Elisa , Lorenz Alexandra , Mayer Anna-Lena , Bludau Anna , Bosch Oliver J. , Grinevich Valery , Egger Veronica , de Jong Trynke R. , Neumann Inga D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn contrast to male rats, aggression in virgin female rats has been rarely studied. Here, we established a rat model of enhanced aggression in females using a combination of social isolation and aggression-training to specifically investigate the involvement of the oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) systems within the lateral septum (LS). Using neuropharmacological, optogenetic, chemogenetic as well as microdialysis approaches, we revealed that enhanced OXT release within the ventral LS (vLS), combined with reduced AVP release within the dorsal LS (dLS), is required for aggression in female rats. Accordingly, increased activity of putative OXT receptor-positive neurons in the vLS, and decreased activity of putative AVP receptor-positive neurons in the dLS, are likely to underly aggression in female rats. Finally, in vitro activation of OXT receptors in the vLS increased tonic GABAergic inhibition of dLS neurons. Overall, our data suggest a model showing that septal release of OXT and AVP differentially affects aggression in females by modulating the inhibitory tone within LS sub-networks.
A BAFF/APRIL axis regulates obesogenic diet-driven weight gain
Authors: Chan Calvin C. , Harley Isaac T. W. , Pfluger Paul T. , Trompette Aurelien , Stankiewicz Traci E. , Allen Jessica L. , Moreno-Fernandez Maria E. , Damen Michelle S. M. A. , Oates Jarren R. , Alarcon Pablo C. , Doll Jessica R. , Flick Matthew J. , Flick Leah M. , Sanchez-Gurmaches Joan , Mukherjee Rajib , Karns Rebekah , Helmrath Michael , Inge Thomas H. , Weisberg Stuart P. , Pamp Sünje J. , Relman David A. , Seeley Randy J. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Karp Christopher L. , Divanovic Senad 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe impact of immune mediators on weight homeostasis remains underdefined. Interrogation of resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice lacking a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling serendipitously uncovered a role for B cell activating factor (BAFF). Here we show that overexpression of BAFF in multiple mouse models associates with protection from weight gain, approximating a log-linear dose response relation to BAFF concentrations. Gene expression analysis of BAFF-stimulated subcutaneous white adipocytes unveils upregulation of lipid metabolism pathways, with BAFF inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) from BAFF-overexpressing mice exhibits increased Ucp1 expression and BAFF promotes brown adipocyte respiration and in vivo energy expenditure. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a BAFF homolog, similarly modulates WAT and BAT lipid handling. Genetic deletion of both BAFF and APRIL augments diet-induced obesity. Lastly, BAFF/APRIL effects are conserved in human adipocytes and higher BAFF/APRIL levels correlate with greater BMI decrease after bariatric surgery. Together, the BAFF/APRIL axis is a multifaceted immune regulator of weight gain and adipose tissue function.
Transsynaptic modulation of presynaptic short-term plasticity in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Authors: Vandael David , Okamoto Yuji , Jonas Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe hippocampal mossy fiber synapse is a key synapse of the trisynaptic circuit. Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) is the most powerful form of plasticity at this synaptic connection. It is widely believed that mossy fiber PTP is an entirely presynaptic phenomenon, implying that PTP induction is input-specific, and requires neither activity of multiple inputs nor stimulation of postsynaptic neurons. To directly test cooperativity and associativity, we made paired recordings between single mossy fiber terminals and postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices. By stimulating non-overlapping mossy fiber inputs converging onto single CA3 neurons, we confirm that PTP is input-specific and non-cooperative. Unexpectedly, mossy fiber PTP exhibits anti-associative induction properties. EPSCs show only minimal PTP after combined pre- and postsynaptic high-frequency stimulation with intact postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling, but marked PTP in the absence of postsynaptic spiking and after suppression of postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling (10 mM EGTA). PTP is largely recovered by inhibitors of voltage-gated R- and L-type Ca2+ channels, group II mGluRs, and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase, suggesting the involvement of retrograde vesicular glutamate signaling. Transsynaptic regulation of PTP extends the repertoire of synaptic computations, implementing a brake on mossy fiber detonation and a “smart teacher” function of hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
Demonstration of resonant tunneling effects in metal-double-insulator-metal (MI2M) diodes
Authors: Belkadi Amina , Weerakkody Ayendra , Moddel Garret 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the effect of resonant tunneling in metal-double-insulator-metal (MI2M) diodes has been predicted for over two decades, no experimental demonstrations have been reported at the low voltages needed for energy harvesting rectenna applications. Using quantum-well engineering, we demonstrate the effects of resonant tunneling in a Ni/NiO/Al2O3/Cr/Au MI2M structures and achieve the usually mutually exclusive desired characteristics of low resistance ($${R}_{0}^{DC} \sim$$

R

0

D
C

~
13 kΩ for 0.035 μm2) and high responsivity (β0 = 0.5 A W−1) simultaneously. By varying the thickness of insulators to modify the depth and width of the MI2M quantum well, we show that resonant quasi-bound states can be reached at near zero-bias, where diodes self-bias when driven by antennas illuminated at 30 THz. We present an improvement in energy conversion efficiency by more than a factor of 100 over the current state-of-the-art, offering the possibility of engineering efficient energy harvesting rectennas.
Programmably tiling rigidified DNA brick on gold nanoparticle as multi-functional shell for cancer-targeted delivery of siRNAs
Authors: Xue Chang , Hu Shuyao , Gao Zhi-Hua , Wang Lei , Luo Meng-Xue , Yu Xin , Li Bi-Fei , Shen Zhifa , Wu Zai-Sheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall interfering RNA (siRNA) is an effective therapeutic to regulate the expression of target genes in vitro and in vivo. Constructing a siRNA delivery system with high serum stability, especially responsive to endogenous stimuli, remains technically challenging. Herein we develop anti-degradation Y-shaped backbone-rigidified triangular DNA bricks with sticky ends (sticky-YTDBs) and tile them onto a siRNA-packaged gold nanoparticle in a programmed fashion, forming a multi-functional three-dimensional (3D) DNA shell. After aptamers are arranged on the exterior surface, a biocompatible siRNA-encapsulated core/shell nanoparticle, siRNA/Ap-CS, is achieved. SiRNAs are internally encapsulated in a 3D DNA shell and are thus protected from enzymatic degradation by the outermost layer of YTDB. The siRNAs can be released by endogenous miRNA and execute gene silencing within tumor cells, causing cell apoptosis higher than Lipo3000/siRNA formulation. In vivo treatment shows that tumor growth is completely (100%) inhibited, demonstrating unique opportunities for next-generation anticancer-drug carriers for targeted cancer therapies.
The in vitro micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning
Authors: Rodrigues Matthew A. , Probst Christine E. , Zayats Artiom , Davidson Bryan , Riedel Michael , Li Yang , Venkatachalam Vidya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well-established assay for quantification of DNA damage, and is required by regulatory bodies worldwide to screen chemicals for genetic toxicity. The MN assay is performed in two variations: scoring MN in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells or directly in unblocked mononucleated cells. Several methods have been developed to score the MN assay, including manual and automated microscopy, and conventional flow cytometry, each with advantages and limitations. Previously, we applied imaging flow cytometry (IFC) using the ImageStream® to develop a rapid and automated MN assay based on high throughput image capture and feature-based image analysis in the IDEAS® software. However, the analysis strategy required rigorous optimization across chemicals and cell lines. To overcome the complexity and rigidity of feature-based image analysis, in this study we used the Amnis® AI software to develop a deep-learning method based on convolutional neural networks to score IFC data in both the cytokinesis-blocked and unblocked versions of the MN assay. We show that the use of the Amnis AI software to score imagery acquired using the ImageStream® compares well to manual microscopy and outperforms IDEAS® feature-based analysis, facilitating full automation of the MN assay.