bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protonation sites and hydrogen bonding in mono-hydrobromide salts of two N,4-diheteroaryl 2-aminothiazoles
Authors: Böck Denise , Beuchel Andreas , Goddard Richard , Richter Adrian , Imming Peter , Seidel Rüdiger W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of N-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine mono-hydrobromide monohydrate (3) and N-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine mono-hydrobromide 0.35 methanol solvate (4) are reported. The crystal structures of 3 (monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z = 4) and 4 (monoclinic, space group, C2/c, Z = 8) feature N,4-diheteroaryl 2-aminothiazoles showing similar molecular conformations but different sites of protonation and thus distinctly different intermolecular hydrogen bonding patterns. In 3, Namine–H⋯Br−, N+pyridine–H⋯Owater, and Owater–H⋯Br− hydrogen bonds link protonated N-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine and water molecules and bromide anions into a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network, whereas intermolecular N+methoxypyridine–H⋯Npyrazine hydrogen bonds result in hydrogen-bonded zigzag chains of protonated N-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-(pyrazin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine molecules in 4.
An Explanation to the Nusselt–Rayleigh Discrepancy in Naturally Convected Porous Media
Authors: Huang Po-Wei , Wellmann Florian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe model hydrothermal convection using a partial differential equation formed by Darcy velocity and temperature—the velocity formulation. Using the Elder problem as a benchmark, we found that the velocity formulation is a valid model of hydrothermal convection. By performing simulations with Rayleigh numbers in the non-oscillatory regime, we show that multiple quasi-steady-state solutions can be one of the reasons that caused the Nusselt–Rayleigh discrepancy found in previous experiments. The results reveal more understandings about the nature of uncertainty of convection modes in porous media.
‘Stray appetites’: a socio-ecological analysis of free-ranging dogs living alongside human communities in Bangalore, India
Authors: Bhalla Shireen Jagriti , Kemmers Roy , Vasques Ana , Vanak Abi Tamim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAcross the developing world, humans and free-ranging domestic dogs share common spaces. The relationship between these dogs and humans can range from one of dependence, to apathy, to conflict. Given the high number of humans attacked by dogs every year in India, and the lack of an effective population control strategy, we seek to provide insights into the conflict and propose alternative population management options based on reducing the carrying capacity of the environment. We used a mixed methods approach to understand both ecological and sociological underpinnings of free-ranging dog-human relationships in Bangalore, India. We conducted a photographic capture-recapture survey of free-ranging dogs to estimate population size and linked it to the availability of potential food sources. We also conducted a qualitative survey to assess attitudes of residents towards the dog population. We found that dog population varied from 192 to 1888 per square kilometre across a gradient of housing densities. The density of houses, bakeries and garbage piles were significant predictors of dog population size. Crucially, as low as 10 to 18% of houses supported the large population of dogs, highlighting the need for residents to act responsibly towards the dogs. Further, we found that garbage, although significant, is a secondary food source to household-maintained dogs. Since on the whole, respondents expressed the desire for a reduction in dog population, we suggest decreasing the carrying capacity of the environment by targeting these three food sources.
The outcome of patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and impaired kidney function: a 3-year observational study
Authors: Zalewska-Adamiec Malgorzata , Malyszko Jolanta , Grodzka Ewelina , Kuzma Lukasz , Dobrzycki Slawomir , Bachorzewska-Gajewska Hanna 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) constitutes about 10% of the cases of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is a working diagnosis and requires further diagnostics to determine the cause of ACS.

Methods
In this study, 178 patients were initially diagnosed with MINOCA over a period of 3 years at the Department of Invasive Cardiology of the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok. The value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated for all patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the value of eGFR: group 1—53 patients with impaired kidney function (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; 29.8%) and group 2—125 patients with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; 70.2%).

Results
In group 1, the mean age of patients was significantly higher than that of group 2 patients (77.40 vs 59.27; p < 0.0001). Group had more women than group 2 (73.58% vs 49.60%; p = 0.003). Group 1 patients had higher incidence rate of arterial hypertension (92.45% vs 60.80%; p < 0.0001) and diabetes (32.08% vs 9.60%; p = 0.0002) and smoked cigarettes (22.64% vs 40.80%; p = 0.020). Group 1 patients had higher incidence rate of pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, sudden cardiac arrest (13.21% vs 4.00%; p = 0.025), and pneumonia (22.64% vs 6.40%; p = 0.001). After the 37-month observation, the mortality rate of the patients with MINOCA was 16.85%. Among group two patients, more of them became deceased during hospitalization (7.55% vs 0.80%; p = 0.012), followed by after 1 year (26.42% vs 7.20%; p = 0.0004) and after 3 years (33.96% vs 9.6%; p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors increasing the risk of death in MINOCA are as follows: older age, low eGFR, higher creatinine concentration, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and ST elevation in ECG.

Conclusion
Impaired kidney function is diagnosed in every third patient with MINOCA. Early and late prognosis of patents with MINOCA and renal dysfunction is poor, and their 3-year mortality is comparable to patients with myocardial infarction with significant stenosis of the coronary arteries and impaired kidney function.
Exhibiting Inclusion: An Examination of Race, Ethnicity, and Museum Participation
Authors: Olivares Alexandra , Piatak Jaclyn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMuseum visitors are not reflective of the diversity present in communities around the nation. In this study, we investigate the racial and ethnic diversity of art museum participants as well as the potential motivations and barriers to visiting a museum. Using the General Social Survey, we examine race and ethnicity and arts participation in the USA. We find Black individuals are less likely to attend an art museum than white individuals. Certain motivations and barriers to participating may explain part of the lack of diversity. We find Black and Latinx individuals are motivated to participate in art museums for cultural heritage reasons more than white individuals, but race and ethnicity are unrelated to perceiving admission fees as a barrier. This research highlights the urgency in the field to make museums more inclusive.
Industrial decarbonization under Japan’s national mitigation scenarios: a multi-model analysis
Authors: Ju Yiyi , Sugiyama Masahiro , Kato Etsushi , Matsuo Yuhji , Oshiro Ken , Silva Herran Diego 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnergy-intensive industries are difficult to decarbonize. They present a major challenge to the emerging countries that are currently in the midst of rapid industrialization and urbanization. This is also applicable to Japan, a developed economy, which retains a large presence in heavy industries compared to other developed economies. In this paper, the results obtained from four energy-economic and integrated assessment models were utilized to explore climate mitigation scenarios of Japan’s industries by 2050. The results reveal that: (i) Japan’s share of emissions from industries may increase by 2050, highlighting the difficulties in achieving industrial decarbonization under the prevailing industrial policies; (ii) the emission reduction in steelmaking will play a key role, which can be achieved by the implementation of carbon capture and expansion of hydrogen technologies after 2040; (iii) even under mitigation scenarios, electrification and the use of biomass use in Japan’s industries will continue to be limited in 2050, suggesting a low possibility of large-scale fuel switching or end-use decarbonization. After stocktaking of the current industry-sector modeling in integrated assessment models, we found that such limited uptake of cleaner fuels in the results may be related to the limited interests of both participating models and industry stakeholders in Japan, specifically the interests on the technologies that are still at the early stage of development but with high reduction potential. It is crucial to upgrade research and development activities to enable future industry-sector mitigation as well as to improve modeling capabilities of energy end-use technologies in integrated assessment models.
An interdisciplinary team-training protocol for robotic gynecologic surgery improves operating time and costs: analysis of a 4-year experience in a university hospital setting
Authors: Vigo Francesco , Egg Rosalind , Schoetzau Adreas , Montavon Celine , Brezak Midhat , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola , Kavvadias Tilemachos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMain aim of this study is to assess the effect of a structured, interdisciplinary, surgical, team-training protocol in robotic gynecologic surgery, with the gradual integration of an advanced nurse practitioner. Data from all robotic surgical procedures were prospectively acquired. The surgical team consisted of one experienced surgeon and two surgical fellows and the scrub nurse team from three advance nurse practitioners, specialized in robotic surgery. The training was performed in a four-phase manner over 4 years and included theoretical training, hands-on training and team-communication skills enhancement. Scrub nurses increasingly adopted an active role during surgery. For a period of 4 years, 175 patients could be included in the analysis. All of them underwent a robotic gynecologic procedure. Mean docking time decreased from 45.3 to 27.3 min (p < 0.001), mean operating time from 235 to 179 min (p = 0.0071) and costs per case from 17,891 to 14,731 Swiss Francs (p = 0.035). There were no statistically significant changes in perioperative complications and conversions to laparotomy. An interdisciplinary long-term training protocol for high specialized robotic surgery within a “fixed” team with the gradually addition of an advanced study nurse improves the efficacy of the procedure in terms of time and costs. Although the surgery is performed quicker, the same performance and quality of surgical care could be reached.
Influence of degree of deformation on welding pore reduction in high-carbon steels
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Maier Hans Jürgen , Poll Gerhard , Overmeyer Ludger , Wester Hendrik , Uhe Johanna , Hassel Thomas , Pape Florian , Lammers Marius , Hermsdorf Jörg , Kaierle Stefan , Budde Laura , Saure Felix , Mildebrath Maximilian , Coors Timm , Faqiri Mohamad Yusuf , Büdenbender Christoph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocally adapted properties within a machine component offer opportunities to increase the performance of a component by using high strenght materials where they are needed. The economic production of such hybrid components on the other hand represents a major challenge. The new tailored forming process chain, which is developed within the collaborative research center (CRC 1153) represents a possible solution to produce hybrid components. This is made possible by the use of pre-joined hybrid semi-finished products made from two different steel alloys, which are subsequently formed. The semi-finished products can be manufactured for example by means of deposition welding. Due to a thermal mechanical treatment, an overall higher component strength of the joining zone can be achieved. The deposition welding processes can be used to generate a cladding on a base material. During the welding, one of the most difficult tasks is to reduce the amount and size of pores in the joining zone. These pores can reduce the strength in the joining zone of the welded parts. However, additional pores can occur in the intermediate zone between the substrate and the cladding. In the presented study, the influence of the forming process on the closing of pores in the cladding and in the intermediate zone was investigated. Therefore, cylindrical specimen were extracted in longitudinal direction of the welding track by wire-cut eroding. These welding tracks are manufactured by plasma-transferred arc welding of AISI 52100 on a base plate made of AISI 1015. Further, specimens were prepared transversely, so that the base material, the intermediate layer, and the welded material are axially arranged in the specimen. The prepared specimen were checked for pores by means of scanning acoustic microscopy. Subsequently, an uniaxial compression test was carried out with various degrees of deformation and the two specimen designs were examined again for pores. A microstructure analysis was carried out after each step. The investigations show that there is a need for a minimum degree of deformation to reduce pores in the welded material. However, this required plastic strain cannot be achieved in the welded material of the hybrid specimen, which is a result of the homogeneous temperature distribution in the specimen. The homogeneous temperature distribution leads to different flow properties in the specimen, which means that the main plastic deformation is taking place in the base material.
Process chain for the manufacture of hybrid bearing bushings
Authors: Thürer Susanne Elisabeth , Chugreeva Anna , Heimes Norman , Uhe Johanna , Behrens Bernd-Arno , Maier Hans Jürgen , Klose Christian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current study presents a novel Tailored Forming process chain developed for the production of hybrid bearing bushings. In a first step, semi-finished products in the form of locally reinforced hollow profiles were produced using a new co-extrusion process. For this purpose, a modular tool concept was developed in which a steel tube made of a case-hardening steel, either C15 (AISI 1015) or 20MnCr5 (AISI 5120), is fed laterally into the tool. Inside the welding chamber, the steel tube is joined with the extruded aluminum alloy EN AW-6082. In the second step, sections from the compound profiles were formed into hybrid bearing bushings by die forging. In order to set the required forming temperatures for each material—aluminum and steel—simultaneously, a tailored heating strategy was developed, which enabled successful die forging of the hybrid workpiece to the desired bearing bushing geometry. Using either of the case-hardening steels in combination with aluminum, this novel process chain made it possible to produce intact hybrid bearing bushings, which showed both macroscopically and microscopically intimate material contact inside the compound zone.
Sentiment analysis of user feedback on the HSE’s Covid-19 contact tracing app
Authors: Rekanar Kaavya , O’Keeffe Ian R. , Buckley Sarah , Abbas Manzar , Beecham Sarah , Chochlov Muslim , Fitzgerald Brian , Glynn Liam , Johnson Kevin , Laffey John , McNicholas Bairbre , Nuseibeh Bashar , O’Connell James , O’Keeffe Derek , O’Callaghan Mike , Razzaq Abdul , Richardson Ita , Simpkin Andrew , Storni Cristiano , Tsvyatkova Damyanka , Walsh Jane , Welsh Thomas , Buckley Jim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Digital Contact Tracing is seen as a key tool in reducing the propagation of Covid-19. But it requires high uptake and continued participation across the population to be effective. To achieve sufficient uptake/participation, health authorities should address, and thus be aware of, user concerns.

Aim
This work manually analyzes user reviews of the Irish Heath Service Executive’s (HSE) Contact Tracker app, to identify user concerns and to lay the foundations for subsequent, large-scale, automated analyses of reviews. While this might seem tightly scoped to the Irish context, the HSE app provides the basis for apps in many jurisdictions in the USA and Europe.

Methods
Manual analysis of (1287) user reviews from the Google/Apple playstores was performed, to identify the aspects of the app that users focused on, and the positive/negative sentiment expressed.

Results
The findings suggest a largely positive sentiment towards the app, and that users thought it handled data protection and transparency aspects well. But feedback suggests that users would appreciate more targeted feedback on the incidence of the virus, and facilities for more proactive engagement, like notifications that prompt users to submit their health status daily. Finally, the analysis suggests that the “android battery” issue and the backward-compatibility issue with iPhones seriously impacted retention/uptake of the app respectively.

Conclusion
The HSE have responded to the public’s desire for targeted feedback in newer versions, but should consider increasing the app’s proactive engagement. The results suggest they should also raise the backward compatibility issue, regarding older iPhones, with Apple.
Advanced imaging techniques for neuro-oncologic tumor diagnosis, with an emphasis on PET-MRI imaging of malignant brain tumors
Authors: Overcast Wynton B. , Davis Korbin M. , Ho Chang Y. , Hutchins Gary D. , Green Mark A. , Graner Brian D. , Veronesi Michael C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review will explore the latest in advanced imaging techniques, with a focus on the complementary nature of multiparametric, multimodality imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Recent Findings
Advanced MRI techniques including perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and MR chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) offer significant advantages over conventional MR imaging when evaluating tumor extent, predicting grade, and assessing treatment response. PET performed in addition to advanced MRI provides complementary information regarding tumor metabolic properties, particularly when performed simultaneously. 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) PET improves the specificity of tumor diagnosis and evaluation of post-treatment changes. Incorporation of radiogenomics and machine learning methods further improve advanced imaging.

Summary
The complementary nature of combining advanced imaging techniques across modalities for brain tumor imaging and incorporating technologies such as radiogenomics has the potential to reshape the landscape in neuro-oncology.
Actionable Principles for Artificial Intelligence Policy: Three Pathways
Authors: Stix Charlotte 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the development of governmental policy for artificial intelligence (AI) that is informed by ethics, one avenue currently pursued is that of drawing on “AI Ethics Principles”. However, these AI Ethics Principles often fail to be actioned in governmental policy. This paper proposes a novel framework for the development of ‘Actionable Principles for AI’. The approach acknowledges the relevance of AI Ethics Principles and homes in on methodological elements to increase their practical implementability in policy processes. As a case study, elements are extracted from the development process of the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI of the European Commission’s “High Level Expert Group on AI”. Subsequently, these elements are expanded on and evaluated in light of their ability to contribute to a prototype framework for the development of 'Actionable Principles for AI'. The paper proposes the following three propositions for the formation of such a prototype framework: (1) preliminary landscape assessments; (2) multi-stakeholder participation and cross-sectoral feedback; and, (3) mechanisms to support implementation and operationalizability.
Domain Experts on Dementia-Care Technologies: Mitigating Risk in Design and Implementation
Authors: Berridge Clara , Demiris George , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need to learn how to appropriately integrate technologies into dementia care. The aims of this Delphi study were to project which technologies will be most prevalent in dementia care in five years, articulate potential benefits and risks, and identify specific options to mitigate risks. Participants were also asked to identify technologies that are most likely to cause value tensions and thus most warrant a conversation with an older person with mild dementia when families are deciding about their use. Twenty-one interdisciplinary domain experts from academia and industry in aging and technology in the U.S. and Canada participated in a two-round online survey using the Delphi approach with an 84% response rate and no attrition between rounds. Rankings were analyzed using frequency counts and written-in responses were thematically analyzed. Twelve technology categories were identified along with a detailed list of risks and benefits for each. Suggestions to mitigate the most commonly raised risks are categorized as follows: intervene during design, make specific technical choices, build in choice and control, require data transparency, place restrictions on data use and ensure security, enable informed consent, and proactively educate users. This study provides information that is needed to navigate person-centered technology use in dementia care. The specific recommendations participants offered are relevant to designers, clinicians, researchers, ethicists, and policy makers and require proactive engagement from design through implementation.
Co-expression of Myoepithelial and Melanocytic Features in Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Ricci Costantino , Chiarucci Federico , Ambrosi Francesca , Balbi Tiziana , Corti Barbara , Piccin Ottavio , Pasquini Ernesto , Foschini Maria Pia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe presence of melanin pigment and melanocytic markers expression have been rarely reported in salivary gland tumors. Herein, two cases of carcinoma arising in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland and showing diffuse expression of myoepithelial and melanocytic markers are described. The clinical-pathological clues useful in the differential diagnosis with melanoma are discussed. In addition, a review of the pertinent literature is also proposed, discussing the pathologic mechanisms potentially involved in this phenomenon.