bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Modulus in Matching Vector Codes
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Wen Ming , Zhang Liang Feng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A $k$-query locally decodable code (LDC) $C$ allows one to encode any $n$-symbol message $x$ as a codeword $C(x)$ of $N$ symbols such that each symbol of $x$ can be recovered by looking at $k$ symbols of $C(x)$, even if a constant fraction of $C(x)$ has been corrupted. Currently, the best known LDCs are matching vector codes (MVCs). A modulus $m=p_1^{\alpha _1}p_2^{\alpha _2}\cdots p_r^{\alpha _r}$ may result in an MVC with $k\leq 2^r$ and $N=\exp (\exp (O((\log n)^{1-1/r} (\log \log n)^{1/r})))$. The $m$ is good if it is possible to have $k&lt;2^r$. The good numbers yield more efficient MVCs. Prior to this work, there are only finitely many good numbers. All of them were obtained via computer search and have the form $m=p_1p_2$. In this paper, we study good numbers of the form $m=p_1^{\alpha _1}p_2^{\alpha _2}$. We show that if $m=p_1^{\alpha _1}p_2^{\alpha _2}$ is good, then any multiple of $m$ of the form $p_1^{\beta _1}p_2^{\beta _2}$ must be good as well. Given a good number $m=p_1^{\alpha _1}p_2^{\alpha _2}$, we show an explicit method of obtaining smaller good numbers that have the same prime divisors. Our approach yields infinitely many new good numbers.
On Random-Oracle-Free Top-Level Secure Certificateless Signature Schemes
Authors: Rastegari Parvin , Susilo Willy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Certificateless public key cryptography (CL-PKC) overcomes the difficulties of the certificate managements in traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) and the key escrow problem in ID-Based public key cryptography (ID-PKC), concurrently. In 2018, Tseng et al. proposed a certificateless signature (CLS) scheme and claimed that their proposal is the first scheme which satisfies the security against the level-3 KGC (according to Girault’s three categorizations of the honesty level of a trusted third party (TTP) which is proposed in 1991), in the standard model. However, we will show that unfortunately their scheme is even vulnerable against a malicious KGC. Afterwards, we will improve their scheme to be robust against the proposed attack. Finally, we will propose a CLS scheme secure against the level-3 KGC in the standard model, based on Yuan and Wang’s CLS scheme. We will show that our proposal not only satisfies the level-3 security as well as the basic security requirements of a CLS scheme in the standard model, but also is more efficient than the previous works in the sense of computation and communication costs.
Adaptation of a mouse Doppler echocardiograph system for assessing cardiac function and thermal performance in a juvenile salmonid
Authors: Muir Carlie A , Neff Bryan D , Damjanovski Sashko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Measures of cardiac performance are pertinent to the study of thermal physiology and exercise in teleosts, particularly as they pertain to migration success. Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output have previously been linked to improved swimming performance and increased upper thermal tolerance in anadromous salmonids. To assess thermal performance in fishes, it has become commonplace to measure the response of maximum heart rate to warming using electrocardiograms. However, electrocardiograms do not provide insight into the hemodynamic characteristics of heart function that can impact whole-animal performance. Doppler echocardiography is a popular tool used to examine live animal processes, including real-time cardiac function. This method allows for nonsurgical measurements of blood flow velocity through the heart and has been used to detect abnormalities in cardiovascular function, particularly in mammals. Here, we show how a mouse Doppler echocardiograph system can be adapted for use in a juvenile salmonid over a range of temperatures and timeframes. Using this compact, noninvasive system, we measured maximum heart rate, atrioventricular (AV) blood flow velocity, the early flow-atrial flow ratio and stroke distance in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during acute warming. Using histologically determined measures of AV valve area, we show how stroke distance measurements obtained with this system can be used to calculate ventricular inflow volume and approximate cardiac output. Further, we show how this Doppler system can be used to determine cardiorespiratory thresholds for thermal performance, which are increasingly being used to predict the consequences that warming water temperatures will have on migratory fishes.
Temperature-Dependent Demography ofThrips hawaiiensis(Thysanoptera: Thripidae): Implications for Prevention and Control
Authors: Lin Tao , You Yong , Zeng Zhaohua , Chen Yixin , Hu Jinfeng , Lin Shuo , Hu Qingling , Yang Fenghua , Wei Hui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Hawaiian flower thrips, Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan), a common flower-inhabiting thrip, is now a potential pest globally. Effective control of T. hawaiiensis requires information about the effects of temperature on its ontogeny and population growth. In this study, the life history characteristics and demography of T. hawaiiensis were defined at eight temperatures (9–35°C). Additionally, the thermal constant and temperature threshold were estimated by regression analysis. The developmental duration and longevity of T. hawaiiensis decreased with an increase in temperature between 16°C and 32°C; females survived for longer than males at all temperatures. The lower temperature threshold and thermal constant of preadult T. hawaiiensis were 10.5°C and 132.5 degree-days, respectively. The oviposition days of the females gradually decreased from 16°C to 32°C, and net maternity was higher at 20°C than at 16°C, even though the same number of eggs were laid at both temperatures. The mean longevities of the populations were greatest at 20°C; the life expectancy and reproductive value decreased with temperature. The intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were significantly highest at 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C. Population growth was triggered at 12.3°C, and reached a peak at approximately 27°C when it proliferated to the largest population size. Therefore, the results suggest that although the population of T. hawaiiensis starts to grow at lower temperatures, it adapts to a wide range of temperatures, and these findings facilitate prediction of different stages of damage, population size, and seasonal occurrence of T. hawaiiensis.
Feeding Volatiles of Larval Sparganothis pilleriana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Attract Heterospecific Adults of the European Grapevine Moth
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf M , Ganji Suresh , Unelius C Rikard , Gemeno César , Ammagarahalli Byrappa , Butler Ruth C , Hoffmann Christoph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Plants release volatiles in response to caterpillar feeding. These herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract natural enemies of the herbivores and repel or attract conspecific adult herbivores in a tri-trophic interaction which has been considered to be an indirect plant defense against herbivores. Recently, we demonstrated the attraction of male and female European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to a blend of phenylacetonitrile and acetic acid, two compounds identified as HIPVs in heterospecific apple-leafroller interactions. The ecological basis of our findings is not clearly understood. Thus, this work was undertaken to investigate HIPVs in the grapevine-leafroller interaction and study the response of heterospecific adults L. botrana, to these volatiles. We collected headspace volatiles emitted from uninfested grapevines and grapevines infested with larvae of a generalist herbivore, the grapevine leafroller moth, Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermüller), and analyzed them using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Infested grape leaves released three compounds (phenylacetonitrile, indole, and 2-phenylethanol) not found from uninfested leaves. Nine different blends, comprising a full factorial set of the three compounds with each blend containing acetic acid, were tested in a field-cage trial. Only lures containing phenylacetonitrile caused a significant increase in trap catches compared to the other lures and blank traps. Electroantennographic tests show that L. botrana can detect the compounds. The results confirm our hypothesis that phenylacetonitrile is released during grapevines infestation with herbivores, and attracts adult L. botrana.
Predicting mortality in cardiac care unit patients: external validation of the Mayo cardiac intensive care unit admission risk score
Authors: Chichareon Ply , Nilmoje Thanapon , Suriyaamorn Wisanuwee , Preechawettayakul Ittipon , Suwanugsorn Saranyou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Aims
The Mayo Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admission Risk Score (M-CARS) had excellent performance in predicting in-hospital mortality in the US population. We sought to validate the M-CARS for in-hospital and post-discharge mortality in Asian patients admitted to the cardiac care unit (CCU).

Methods and results
Patients admitted to the CCU of a tertiary care centre between July 2015 and December 2019 were included into the study. Patients with intra-hospital transfer to the CCU due to intensive care unit overflow, postoperative cardiac surgery, or for monitoring after elective procedures were excluded. Cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, respiratory failure, Braden skin score, blood urea nitrogen, anion gap, and red cell distribution width, were used to calculate the M-CARS. Patients were stratified into three groups, according to the M-CARS (&lt;2, 2–6, &gt;6). Of 1988 patients in the study, 30.1% were female with a median age of 65 years. Prevalence of cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure at admission were 2.8% and 4.5%, respectively. One hundred and seventeen patients died during the admission (mortality rate of 5.9%). The in-hospital mortality rate in patients with M-CARS of &lt;2, 2–6, and &gt;6 was 1.1%, 9.8%, and 35.5%, respectively. C-statistic of M-CARS for in-hospital mortality was 0.840 (95% CI 0.805–0.873); whereas, it was 0.727 (95% CI 0.690–0.761) for 1-year post-discharge mortality. Calibration plot showed good agreement between predicted and observed in-hospital mortality in the majority of patients.

Conclusions
The M-CARS was useful in our study, in terms of discrimination and calibration. M-CARS identified high-risk patients in CCU, who had unacceptably high mortality rate during hospital stay and thereafter.
Wearability and preference of mouthguard during sport in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kalra Aneesh , Harrington Claire , Minhas Gursharan , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: August 2021

Summary

Background
Orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances are susceptible to traumatic dental injuries during a wide range of sporting activities. This randomized clinical trial investigated wearability and preference of mouthguards during sporting activities in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Methods
A prospective three-arm crossover randomized clinical trial conducted in the UK. Thirty patients in active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances undertaking at least 120 minutes of contact sport per 6–8-week observation period were randomly assigned to one of six mouthguard allocation sequences consisting of three mouthguard types: (MG1) custom-made laboratory constructed, (MG2) mouth-formed OPRO® Gold Braces, and (MG3) pre-fabricated Shock Doctor® Single Brace. Patients completed a nine-outcome 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire relating to mouthguard wearability during sport. Once feedback was completed, subjects were allocated the next mouthguard in the sequence. At study-end, subjects were asked to identify their preferred mouthguard.

Results
Twenty-four patients (median age = 13; inter-quartile range 12–14.5 years) completed n = 72 follow-up questionnaires with most playing rugby union or field hockey. Considering VAS score as a continuous variable, for comfort, stability, hardness, ability to breathe, ability to not cause nausea, and inclination to chew, MG2 performed better than MG3. For categorization of VAS score into low (less than 80 mm) or high (at least 80 mm) wearability, for comfort, stability, ability to not cause nausea, and inclination to chew, MG1 and MG2 also rated superior to MG3. Patients preferred MG1 overall.

Conclusions
This randomized clinical trial found that during contact sport patients in fixed appliances reported superior wearability for custom-made and mouth-formed mouthguards in comparison to pre-fabricated. Overall, patients preferred custom-made mouthguards.

Clinical trials registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04588831.
Depressive Symptoms, Leisure Activity Engagement, and Global Cognition in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Sharifian Neika , Sol Ketlyne , Zaheed Afsara B , Morris Emily P , Palms Jordan D , Martino Alexa G , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Prior research indicates that depressive symptoms disproportionately affect cognition in non-Hispanic Blacks relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Depressive symptoms have been linked to worse global cognition in older adulthood through lower leisure activity engagement, but less is known regarding the distinct types of activities that drive these associations and whether associations involving depressive symptoms, leisure activities, and cognition differ across racial groups.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (n = 453, 52.80% Black, Mage = 63.60 years). Principal components analysis identified 6 subtypes of leisure activities (cognitive, creative, community, physical, children, and games). Mediation models examined whether distinct leisure activity subtypes mediated the association between depressive symptoms and performance on a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and whether race moderated these associations.

Results
There were no racial differences in the level of depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health covariates. Only lower cognitive activity engagement mediated the negative association between depressive symptoms and global cognition. Multigroup models revealed that this indirect effect was only evident in Blacks, who showed a stronger negative association between depressive symptoms and cognitive activity engagement than Whites. After accounting for indirect effects, a direct effect of higher depressive symptoms on worse cognition remained and did not differ across racial groups.

Discussion
Depressive symptoms may disproportionately affect cognition among Blacks through a greater negative impact on engagement in cognitively stimulating activities that have been shown to promote cognitive reserve. Additional research is necessary to identify other mechanisms linking depressive symptoms and cognition.
Loss-of-function missense variant ofAKAP4induced male infertility through reduced interaction with QRICH2 during sperm flagella development
Authors: Zhang Guohui , Li Dongyan , Tu Chaofeng , Meng Lanlan , Tan Yueqiu , Ji Zhiliang , Cheng Jiao , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge , Zhang Huan , Sun Jinpeng , Wang Mingwei , Du Juan , Xu Wenming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSperm fibrous sheath (FS) is closely related to sperm maturation, capacitation and motility, and A-kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) is the most abundant protein in sperm FS. Previous studies found incomplete sperm FSs and abnormal flagella in Akap4 knockout mice. Meanwhile, it was reported that the partial deletion in AKAP4 is highly relevant to the dysplasia of the FS in an infertile man, and so far, there is no report about male infertility caused by hemizygous AKAP4 variant. Furthermore, the specific mechanisms of how the variant is relevant to the phenotype remain elusive. In this study, we investigated three multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella-affected men from three independent families (including one consanguine family) carried hemizygous c.C1285T variant in AKAP4. The patients carried this variant, which showed dysplastic sperm FS, and the protein expression of AKAP4 was decreased in flagella, which was further confirmed in HEK-293T cells in vitro. In addition, the co-localization and interaction between AKAP4 and glutamine-rich protein 2 (QRICH2) on the molecular level were identified by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). The hemizygous c.1285C &gt; T variant in AKAP4 induced decreased protein expression of QRICH2 in spermatozoa. These results suggested that the normal expression of AKAP4 is required for maintaining the expression of QRICH2 and the decreased protein expression of AKAP4 and QRICH2，as well as the interaction between them induced by the hemizygous variant of AKAP4 caused dysplastic fibrous sheath, which eventually led to reduced sperm motility and male infertility.
Article 38: The Treatment of Interest in International Investment Arbitration
Authors: Beharry Christina L , Hugues Juan Pablo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Given the breadth of topics in the Articles on State Responsibility, the guidance on interest contained in Article 38 could be easily overlooked. Yet discussions on this subject featured prominently in the work of the International Law Commission (ILC) spanning nearly four decades. Article 38 is also intrinsically relevant to international investment arbitration where the coveted remedy is monetary damages. Despite this, investment arbitration practitioners only make passing reference to Article 38 without fully appreciating the history of the ILCs discussions that inform the application of this provision. Facially, Article 38 seems to provide little direction and broadly defers to the discretion of arbitral tribunals on critical issues. On closer examination, however, the final text of Article 38 itself and its Commentary as well as the ILCs preparatory works provide rich insights for those engaged in interest determinations in investment arbitration. This essay analyzes the treatment of Article 38 by investment arbitration tribunals in conjunction with the ILCs discussions on this article and documents a number of areas where divergences between arbitral awards and the ILC Articles and Commentaries have emerged over time.
Do Intergovernmental Organizations Have a Socialization Effect on Member State Preferences? Evidence from the UN General Debate
Authors: Chelotti Nicola , Dasandi Niheer , Jankin Mikhaylov Slava 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe question of whether intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have a socialization effect on member state preferences is central to international relations. However, empirical studies have struggled to separate the socializing effects of IGOs on preferences from the coercion and incentives associated with IGOs that may lead to foreign policy alignment without altering preferences. This article addresses this issue. We adopt a novel approach to measuring state preferences by applying text analytic methods to country statements in the annual United Nations General Debate (UNGD). The absence of interstate coordination with UNGD statements makes them particularly well suited for testing socialization effects on state preferences. We focus on the European Union (EU), enabling us to incorporate the pre-accession period—when states have the strongest incentives for foreign policy alignment—into our analysis. The results of our analysis show that EU membership has a socialization effect that produces preference convergence, controlling for coercion and incentive effects.
Convergence or divergence: how does China analyse innovation concerns in merger review?
Authors: Brandenburger Rachel , Huang Kun , Wang Elizabeth Xiao-Ru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
There have been few systematic studies of how the Chinese merger review agencies have analysed innovation-related issues, including the theories of harm, the frequency of challenges and the types of remedies. Since China’s Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) took effect in August 2008, China’s merger review agencies have imposed remedies in 48 transactions and blocked two transactions. The authors have found that innovation concerns were addressed in 17 transactions where there were remedies. The innovation concerns generally focused on two broad theories of harm: (i) the transaction would reduce the combined firm’s incentive to innovate by eliminating an existing or potential competitor, or (ii) the transaction would create incentives for the combined firm to hinder innovation by rivals (eg via a refusal to license the relevant technology to rivals). The Chinese merger review agencies have raised innovation concerns in transactions that were unconditionally approved by the EU or US agencies, and have sometimes unconditionally approved transactions where the EU or US agencies identified innovation as a concern. In addition, the Chinese agencies have utilized both structural and behavioural remedies to resolve innovation concerns, whereas the EU and US agencies have preferred structural remedies.
Your Cheatin' Heart: How Emotional Intelligence and Selfishness Impact the Incidence of Consumer Fraud
Authors: Hasford Jonathan , Kidwell Blair , Hardesty David M , Farmer Adam 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Consumers routinely engage in fraudulent behaviors toward companies including returning products under false pretenses, lying when making insurance claims, and committing petty theft. However, research has been relatively limited in examining the psychological mechanisms that contribute to such behavior. Based on dual-processing models of morality, differences in an individual’s emotional intelligence and selfishness are predicted to impact the likelihood of committing consumer fraud. In a departure from previous research highlighting the prosocial benefits of emotional intelligence, seven studies show that consumers with higher levels of emotional intelligence and greater selfishness are more likely to commit fraud. Highly selfish and emotionally intelligent consumers possess the motivation and ability to suppress feelings of embarrassment that normally deter consumers from committing various routine, less severe forms of consumer fraud.