bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Bridging Through Branches of Snow-Covered Shrubs Cool Down Permafrost in Winter
Authors: Domine Florent , Fourteau Kevin , Picard Ghislain , Lackner Georg , Sarrazin Denis , Poirier Mathilde 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Warming-induced shrub expansion on Arctic tundra (Arctic greening) is thought to warm up permafrost by several degrees, as shrubs trap blowing snow and increase snowpack thermal insulation, limiting permafrost winter cooling and facilitating its thaw. At Bylot Island, (Canadian high Arctic, 73°N) we monitored permafrost temperature at nearby unmanipulated herb tundra and shrub tundra sites and unexpectedly observed that low shrubs cool permafrost by 1.21°C over the November-February period. This is despite a snowpack twice as insulating in shrubs. Using heat transfer models and finite-element simulations, we show that this winter cooling is caused by thermal bridging through frozen shrub branches. This effect largely compensates the warming effect induced by the more insulating snow in shrubs. The cooling is partly canceled in spring when shrub branches under snow absorb solar radiation and accelerate permafrost warming. The overall effect is expected to depend on snow and shrub characteristics and terrain aspect. These significant perturbations of the permafrost thermal regime by shrub branches should be considered in projections of permafrost thawing, nutrient recycling and greenhouse gas emissions.
PA and OA Induce Abnormal Glucose Metabolism by Inhibiting KLF15 in Adipocytes
Authors: Wang Cuizhe , Chu Xiaolong , Deng Yuchun , Wang Jingzhou , Qiu Tongtong , Zhu Jiaojiao , Yang Xin , Pan Chongge , Xiong Jianyu , Xie Jianxin , Chang Yongsheng , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Obesity-induced elevated serum free fatty acids (FFAs) levels result in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the molecular mechanism remains largely enigmatic. This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of KLF15 on FFAs-induced abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: Levels of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and glucose were measured by different assay kits. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the levels of GPR120, GPR40, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, KLF15, and downstream factors. Results: KLF15 was decreased in visceral adipose tissue of obesity subjects and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. In HFD mice, GPR120 antagonist significantly promoted KLF15 protein expression level and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, meanwhile reduced the blood glucose levels. While, blocking GPR40 inhibited the KLF15 expression. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 1500 μM PA inhibited KLF15 through a GPR120/P-p38 MAPK signal pathway, and 750 μM OA inhibited KLF15 mainly through GPR120 while not dependent on P-p38 MAPK, ultimately resulting in abnormal glucose metabolism. Unfortunately, GPR40 didn’t contribute to PA or OA-induced KLF15 reduction. Conclusions: Both PA and OA inhibit KLF15 expression through GPR120, leading to abnormal glucose metabolism in adipocytes. Notably, the inhibition of KLF15 expression by PA depends on phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
Nicotinamide-functionalized carbon quantum dot as new sensing platform for portable quantification of vitamin B12 in fluorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode
Authors: Dadkhah Sahar , Mehdinia Ali , Jabbari Ali , Manbohi Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Development of an efficient, portable and simple nanosensor-based systems with reliable analytical performance for on-site monitoring of vitamin B12 (VB12) are still major problems and a challenging work for quality control of manufacturers. Herein, a new fluorescence, UV-Vis and smartphone triple mode nanosensors were designed for the simultaneous detection of VB12 with high sensitivity and accuracy. A novel nanosensor was synthesized through nicotinamide-functionalizing on carbon quantum dot (NA-CQDs) by an one-step microwave-assisted method with green approaches. The NA-CQDs as new nanosensor showed excellent fluorescence properties and wide linear ranges from 0.1–60 µM with the detection limits of 31.7 nM. Moreover, color changes of NA-CQDs induced by the VB12 could also be detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and inhouse-developed application installed on smartphone as a signal reader, simultanusly. The Red, Green and Blue (RGB) intensities of the colorimetric images of NA-CQDs/VB12 system which taken by smartphone's camera converted into quantitative values by the introduced application. A smartphone-integrated with NA-CQDs as colorimetric sensing platform displays good linear ranges (4.16 to 66.6 µM) for on-site determination of VB12 with detection limit of 1.40 µM. The method was successfully applied in the determination of VB12 in complex pharmaceutical supplement formulations without any sample pre-treatment and matrix interfering effects. The recovery results (96.52–105.10%) which are in agreement with the reference methods, demonstrating the capability of the smartphone-assisted colorimetric sensing platform in many on-site practical applications of quality controls.
Application of a Personalized Finite Element Analysis and 3D-Printed Navigation Template in The Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture With Cannulated Screw
Authors: Wang Sizhe , Wang Bin , Lan Xiaoquan , Xu Zhenzhen , Huang Haoran , Wang Xiaolong , Shen Shibin , Ma Jianlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of combining a personalized finite element analysis with 3D-printed navigation template on the treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF) with cannulated screw. Methods: A total of 60 patients as unstable FNT with cannulated screw were evolved in this study from October 2016 to December 2019, who were randomly divided into two groups (n=30/group): The subjects in the study group were examined using the a finite element analysis according to the three-dimensional CT of hip joint before operation and then underwent 3D-printed navigation template of the femur to complete the implantation of the cannulated screw whereas the other 30 patients in the control group were underwent the implantation of the cannulated screw using the conventional FNF treatment in the inverted isosceles triangle. The success rate of one-time implantation of the cannulated screw, the postoperative shortest distance of talus cortex, and the healing of fracture, necrosis of femoral head and Harris function scores of hip joint in 12 months after operation were recorded and compared between the study and control groups.Results: According to the finite element analysis, the biomechanics of three screws were the most stable when they were close to the bone cortex (<3mm). Further more, it was demonstrated that the patients in the study group have more effectively success rate of one-time nail placement (93.33%) and significant reduction in the distance of talus cortex of cannulated screws (3.04 ± 0.39mm) than those in the control group (66.67% and 5.38±0.71mm). At 12 months post-surgery, higher healing rate of fracture (93.33%) and Harris functional score of hip (93.67 ± 4.01), as well as lower necrosis rate of femoral head (6.67%) were underwent in the study group when compared with the control group (83.33%, 91.57±4.18 and 16.67%). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that combined application of a personalized finite element analysis and 3D-printed navigation template in the treatment of femoral neck fracture with cannulated screw can not only improve the effective nail placement, but also make the screw more in line with the requirements of biomechanical stability to promote the fracture healing and reduce the risk of femoral head necrosis. So it is a digital orthopedic technology for clinical popularization.
The Older The Better? The Strange Case of Empirical Ground Motion Models in the Near-Source of Moderate-To-Large Magnitude Earthquakes
Authors: Paolucci Roberto , Chiecchio Angela , Vanini Manuela 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This paper aims at providing a quantitative evaluation of the performance of a set of empirical ground motion models (GMMs), by testing them in a magnitude and distance range (Mw = 5.5 ÷ 7.0 and Joyner-Boore source-to-site distance Rjb ≤ 20 km) which dominates hazard in the highest seismicity areas of Italy for the return periods of upmost interest for seismic design. To this end, we made use of the very recent release of the NESS2.0 dataset (Sgobba et al., 2021), that collects worldwide near-source strong motion records with detailed metadata. After selection of an ample set of GMMs, based on either their application in past seismic hazard assessment (SHA) studies or for their recent introduction, a quantification of between- and within-event residuals of predictions with respect to records was performed, with the final aim of shedding light on the performance of existing GMMs in the near-source of moderate-to-large earthquakes, in view of a proper selection and weighting of GMMs for SHA.
Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Leaf-Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Release of A Cold Temperate Coniferous Forest in Jiaozi Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Southwest China
Authors: yuan jiyou , Ouyang zhiyun , SU Yirong , Wang Yun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Litter decomposition is a key process of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, an important part of the global carbon budget, and deeply affected by global atmospheric nitrogen deposition. However, the effects of different forms of N addition on litter decomposition and nutrient release are unclear in a cold temperate coniferous forest in a subtropical Chinese plateau.
Methods

Three N sources (NH4)2SO4, NaNO3, and NH4NO3 were used in the gradient N deposition method. Each N source was divided into four treatments, from low to high, they were CK (control 0 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), low N (low-N 5 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), medium n (medium-N 15 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), high N (high-30 kg N·hm− 2·a− 1), and each treatment repeated three times.
Results

After two years, the litter decomposition rates of low and medium ammonium nitrate treatments were the fastest as compared to the control, while high and low ammonium nitrate treatments were the slowest. Under the same nitrogen deposition conditions, the litter decomposition rates of low nitrogen treatments were higher than high nitrogen treatments. The order of litter decomposition rates was ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulfate > sodium nitrate. Nitrogen deposition decreased the amount of C in litter leaves but increased N and P levels slightly. Phosphorus changes over time were more complex than C and N over time.
Conclusions

These results showed that high nitrogen deposition in the future could increase litter decomposition rates and delay the nutrient release, which may be beneficial to improve soil carbon sequestration.
MRI-guided Radiotherapy for PVTT in HCC Patients: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Lee So Jung , Kim Myungsoo , Kwak Yoo-Kang , Kang Hye Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to evaluate to efficacy, feasibility, and safety of the tumor tracking magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the twelve cases of unresectable HCC with tumor thrombus in the main trunk or first branch of the portal vein that were treated with tumor tracking MRI-guided HFRT or SBRT using the ViewRay Linac MRIdian system between June 2019 and January 2021. The HFRT was performed with a total of 50 Gy in 10 fractions, and SBRT performed in a range of 36-50 Gy with 4-5 fractions. The median biologic effective dose (BED) with an a/b ratio of 10 was 75 Gy10 (range, 68.4–100 Gy10). ResultsThe median follow-up duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.7–12.8 months). Ten patients (83.3%) showed an objective response of PVTT. At the time of analysis, 10 patients (83.3%) showed local control. The median survival of these patients was 11.6 months (range, 1.9–12.8 months). Three patients (25%) showed mild gastrointestinal symptoms, and there were no cases of grade 3 or higher toxicity. For hepatic toxicity, there were no cases of Child-Puch score increased by more than 2 points after RT without disease progression. ConclusionTumor tracking MRI-guided HFRT and SBRT was a feasible, effective, and safe treatment option in HCC patients with tumor thrombi in the main trunk or first branch of the portal vein.
Decoding pathogenesis factors involved in the progression of ATLL or HAM/TSP after infection by HTLV-1 through a systems virology study
Authors: Ghobadi Mohadeseh Zarei , Emamzadeh Rahman , Teymoori-Rad Majid , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP, a neurodegenerative disease) after a long latency period as an asymptomatic carrier (AC). There are no obvious explanations about how AC carriers develop each of the mentioned diseases. Finding the discriminative molecular factors and pathways may clarify the destiny of the infection.
Methods
To shed light on the involved molecular players and activated pathways in each state, differentially co-expressed modules (DiffCoEx) algorithm was employed to identify the highly correlated genes which were co-expressed differently between normal and ACs, ACs and ATLL, as well as ACs and HAM/TSP samples. Through differential pathway analysis, the dysregulated pathways and the specific disease-genes-pathways were figured out. Moreover, the common genes between the member of DiffCoEx and differentially expressed genes were found and the specific genes in ATLL and HAM/TSP were considered as possible biomarkers.
Results
The dysregulated genes in the ATLL were mostly enriched in immune and cancer-related pathways while the ones in the HAM/TSP were enriched in immune, inflammation, and neurological pathways. The differential pathway analysis clarified the differences between the gene players in the common activated pathways. Eventually, the final analysis revealed the involvement of specific dysregulated genes including KIRREL2, RAB36, and KANK1 in HAM/TSP as well as LTB4R2, HCN4, FZD9, GRIK5, CREB3L4, TACR2, FRMD1, LHB, FGF3, TEAD3, GRIN2D, GNRH2, PRLH, GPR156, and CRHR2 in ATLL.
Conclusion
The identified potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are proposed as the most important platers in developing ATLL or HAM/TSP. Moreover, the proposed signaling network clarifies the differences between the functional players in the activated pathways in ACs, ATLL, and HAM/TSP.
Lymph Node Positive Rate: An Ignored Factor Affecting the Prognosis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Liu Wenfei , Xia Xiaotian , Wang Shoufei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the relationship between the positive rate of examined lymph nodes and the prognosis of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).MethodInformation on demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with medullary thyroid cancer was extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) between 1998 and 2015. Lymph Node Positive Rate (LNPR) is defined as the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes removed. Eligible MTC patients were divided into four LNPR groups (0-0.25, 0.26-0.50, 0.51-0.75 and 0.76 -1.00). Compare the overall survival rate (OS) and cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method between the four MTC patient groups and Perform univariate and multivariate analyzes to assess the relationship between Lymph Node Positive Rate and prognosis of the MTC patients.ResultAfter screening, there were 623 eligible patients with medullary thyroid cancer, of which the number of patients in four groups was 245 (LNPR: 0-0.25), 199 (LNPR: 0.26-0.50), 105 (LNPR: 0.51-0.75) and 99 (LNPR: 0.76-1.00).Compared to the group ((LNPR: 0-0.25), the CSS and OS rates in the two groups were ((LNPR: 0.51-0.75 and LNPR: 0.76-1.00) (both p <0.001) significantly lower, and the multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the group (LNPR: 0.51-0.75) correlated significantly with poorer CSS and OS rates [(CSS: HR 1.77, 95% - CI 0.99 3.19, P = 0.045); (OS: HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.79, P = 0.038)] and group (LNPR: 0.76-1.00) correlated significantly with poorer CSS and OS rates [(CSS: HR 2.09.95% CI 1.12-3.92, P = 0.021); (OS: HR 2.23, 95% CI 1.32 -3.76, P = 0.003)].Conclusion The LNPR can serve as a prognostic marker for patients, and the higher the LNPR, the worse the prognosis for patients with medullary thyroid cancer.
Caveolin-1 Alleviates Angiotensin Ⅱ Induced Endothelial Injury and Cerebral Microbleed Via Mitochondrial Protection
Authors: Li Cheng-Cheng , Tang Xiao-Qin , Wang Jie , Duan Hai-jun , Xia Min , Guo Chao , Chen Yu-jie , Wang Bo , Chen Yong-jie , Yin Yi , Chen Wei-Xiang , Feng Hua 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds are a manifestation of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and a predictor of cerebral hemorrhage. However, the causes of cerebral microbleeds remain unclear. Research on the mechanism of cerebral microbleeds may provide new ideas for the treatment of CSVD. In a mouse model, we show cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment with increasing expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Mechanistically, in an in vitro study, we find that Cav-1 knockdown significantly affects the mitochondrial pathway in the cytoplasm and decreases the endothelial viability. Moreover, Cav-1 knockdown induces mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and mitochondria reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By contrast, overexpression of Cav-1 alleviates the decrease of cell viability, MMP depolarization and mitochondria ROS production induced by angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ). Furthermore, Cav-1 activation significantly improves cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment in CSVD mice. We identify Cav-1 as an endogenous protective molecule via mitochondrial protection, and activation of Cav-1 resists microbleeds and cognitive impairment in an animal model of CSVD. Cav-1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for CSVD.
Release of endogenous chondroitin sulfate and heparin as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis in COVID-19
Authors: Ruggiero Marco 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for COVID-19, is associated with immune-mediated responses that lead to dysregulated activation of proteolytic enzymes; these contribute to damage to the endothelium, thrombosis, hypercoagulability, and other hematologic complications that include thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a complication of severe COVID-19 as well as a potentially fatal adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Here, it is demonstrated that proteolysis of plasma proteins leads to sequential release of endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), first chondroitin sulfate (CS), followed by heparin (HP). The extension and degree of what is called "proteolytic storm" determines whether only one endogenous type of GAGs (CS), or both (CS and HP), are released. Sulfated GAGs such as CS and HP exert a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sustained and excessive release of endogenous HP may be responsible for thrombotic thrombocytopenia just as it happens in HP-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a well-known side effect of HP administration that results in thromboembolisms in atypical sites, thrombocytopenia, and synthesis of autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4) that contribute to platelet aggregation. It is concluded that release of endogenous HP as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis occurring during COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination may play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as in adverse reactions to vaccination.
DUNEScan: A Web Application for Uncertainty Estimation in Skin Cancer Detection with Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mazoure Bogdan , Mazoure Alexander , Bédard Jocelyn , Makarenkov Vladimir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Recent years have seen a steep rise in the number of skin cancer detection applications. While modern advances in deep learning made possible reaching new heights in terms of classification accuracy, no publicly available skin cancer detection software provide confidence estimates for these predictions. We present DUNEScan (Deep Uncertainty Estimation for Skin Cancer), a web application that performs an intuitive in-depth analysis of uncertainty in commonly used skin cancer classification models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). DUNEScan allows users to upload a skin lesion image, and quickly compares the mean and the variance estimates provided by a number of new and traditional CNN models. Moreover, our web application uses the Grad-CAM and UMAP algorithms to visualize the classification manifold for the user’s input, hence providing crucial information about its closeness to skin lesion images taken from the popular ISIC database. DUNEScan is freely available at: https://www.dunescan.org.
Reduction of tris(2,2’-bipyridine)cobalt(III) complex by thiosulphate ion in an aqueous acidic medium
Authors: Osunkwo C.R. , Nkole I.U. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The reduction of tris(2,2-bipyridine)cobalt(III) complex by thiosulphate ion in an aqueous acidic medium gave a notable outcome. The stoichiometric evaluation indicates that one mole of the reducing agent has been consumed by one mole of the oxidant, and the reaction complies with an overall equation: 2[Co(bpy)3]3+ + 2S2O32− 2[Co(bpy)3]2+ + S4O62− The kinetics study conducted under a pseudo-first-order method shows that the rate of the reaction was acid-reliant and third-order overall; zero-order in the [oxidant], second-order in the [reductant], and first-order in the hydrogen ion concentration. The empirical rate expression complies with the equation:− [Co(bpy)33+] = a [H+][S2O32−]2‘a’ = 77.82 dm6 mol−2 s−1; at [H+] = 2.0 × 10−2 mol dm−3, µ = 0.4 mol dm−3 (NaCl), T = 28 ± 1˚C and λmax = 560 nm.With increased ionic strength and decreased medium dielectric constant, the reaction rate increased. The inclusion of cations and anions accelerate and constricted the reaction rates respectively. Spectroscopic examination and kinetic evidence indicate an outer sphere mechanism, and the mechanism was therefore proposed via an outer-sphere route.
Improving the performance of rainfall-runoff models using the gene expression programming approach
Authors: Esmaeili-Gisavandani Hassan , Lotfirad Morteza , Sofla Masoud Soori Damirchi , Ashrafzadeh Afshin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, five hydrological models, including the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), identification of unit hydrograph and component flows from rainfall, evapotranspiration, and streamflow (IHACRES), Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV), Australian water balance model (AWBM), and Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA), were used to simulate the flow of the Hablehroud River, north-central Iran. All the models were validated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NS), and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE). It was found that SWAT, IHACRES, and HBV had satisfactory results in the calibration phase. However, only the SWAT model had good performance in the validation phase and outperformed the other models. It was also observed that peak flows were generally underestimated by the models. The sensitivity analysis results of the model parameters were also evaluated. A hybrid model was developed using gene expression programming (GEP). According to the error measures, the ensemble model had the best performance in both calibration (NS = 0.79) and validation (NS = 0.56). The GEP combination method can combine model outputs from less accurate individual models and produce a superior river flow estimate.