bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reborn Three‐Dimensional Graphene with Ultrahigh Volumetric Desalination Capacity
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Chen Nan , Li Zengling , Shao Huibo , Sun Xiaotong , Liu Feng , Liu Xiaoting , Guo Qiang , Qu Liangti 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe constructing of 3D materials with optimal performance is urgently needed to meet the growing demand of advanced materials in the high‐tech sector. A distinctive 3D graphene (3DG) is designed based on a repeated rebirth strategy to obtain a better body and performance after each round of rebirth, as if it is Phoenix Nirvana. The properties of reborn graphene, namely 3DG after Nirvana (NvG), has been dramatically upgraded compared to 3DG, including high density (3.36 times) together with high porosity, as well as better electrical conductivity (1.41 times), mechanical strength (32.4 times), and ultrafast infiltration behavior. These advantages of NvG make it a strong intrinsic motivation for application in capacitive deionization (CDI). Using NvG directly as the CDI electrode, it has an extremely high volumetric capacity of 220 F cm−3 at 1 A cm−3 and a maximum salt absorption capacity of 8.02~9.2 mg cm−3 (8.9–10.2 times), while the power consumption for adsorption of the same mass of salt is less than a quarter of 3DG. The “Phoenix Nirvana”‐like strategy of manufacturing 3D structures will undoubtedly become the new engine to kick‐start the development of innovative carbon materials through an overall performance upgrade.
A Solution‐Processed Hole‐Transporting Layer Based on p‐Type CuCrO2 for Organic Photodetector and Image Sensor
Authors: Li Yi , Luo Hongde , Mao Longmei , Yu Longxin , Li Xifeng , Jin Libo , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, p‐type delafossite CuCrO2 nanomaterials are synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal reaction. An organic photodiode (OPD) with an inverted stack is fabricated by utilizing such CuCrO2 as the hole‐transporting layer. The single OPD device shows the dark current density of 6.48 × 10−8 A cm−2, and an external quantum efficiency of 16.2% at a 525 nm illumination, and a −5 V bias. Its responsivity and detectivity are 68.5 mA W−1 and 4.75 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. A large‐area, flat‐panel image sensor is also realized similarly by applying the materials and structure onto a thin‐film transistor backplane. The active area and pitch of flat‐panel sensor are 75.0 mm × 81.0 mm and 150 µm, respectively and its resolution is 510 × 470. The performance of the organic image sensor is evaluated. The results indicate the materials and device have potential applications for the flat‐panel detector.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Cobalt and Nickel Ferrite Thin Films: Investigation of Structure and Pseudocapacitive Properties
Authors: Zywitzki Dennis , Schaper Raoul , Ciftyürek Engin , Wree Jan‐Lucas , Taffa Dereje H. , Baier Daniel M. , Rogalla Detlef , Li Yujiao , Meischein Michael , Ludwig Alfred , Li Zheshen , Schierbaum Klaus , Wark Michael , Devi Anjana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransition metal ferrites, such as CoFe2O4 (CFO) and NiFe2O4 (NFO), have gained increasing attention as potential materials for supercapacitors. Since chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers advantages like interface quality to the underlying substrates and the possibility for coverage of 3D substrates, two CVD processes are reported for CFO and NFO. Growth rates amount to 150 to 200 nm h−1 and yield uniform, dense, and phase pure spinel ferrite films according to X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis (RBS/NRA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Atom probe tomography (APT) and synchrotron X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) give insights into the vertical homogeneity and oxidation states in the CFO films. Cation disorder of CFO is analyzed for the first time from synchrotron‐based XPS. NFO is analyzed via lab‐based XPS. Depositions on conducting Ni and Ti substrates result in electrodes with pseudocapacitive behavior, as evidenced by cyclovoltammetry (CV) experiments. The interfacial capacitances of the electrodes are up to 185 µF cm−2.
Simultaneous Conversion of Polarization and Frequency via Time‐Division‐Multiplexing Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Jin , Ke Jun Chen , Cao Wen Kang , Chen Ming Zheng , Cheng Qiang , Galdi Vincenzo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetasurfaces are artificially engineered two‐dimensional materials composed of sub‐wavelength meta‐atoms, which have shown unprecedented capabilities in manipulating the amplitude, phase, frequency, and polarization states of electromagnetic waves. Specifically, polarization control can be attained via suitable anisotropic, linear, and time‐invariant designs, while frequency conversion is realized via nonlinear or time‐varying platforms. Simultaneous manipulations of polarization and frequency would be of considerable practical interest in many application scenarios, but remain unattainable with current approaches. Here, a time‐division‐multiplexing metasurface is proposed to realize the simultaneous conversion of polarization and frequency. The platform relies on time‐modulated polarization switches and, by varying the duty cycle and time delays of the polarization channels, can arbitrarily rotate the polarization at the central frequency of operation, and synthesize various polarization states at selected harmonic frequencies. Theoretical predictions are validated via measurements on a prototype operating at microwave frequencies, providing the first experimental evidence of simultaneous polarization and frequency conversions via time‐division‐multiplexing metasurfaces. The outcomes open a new pathway in manipulating the electromagnetic waves via time‐varying metasurfaces, and may be of interest for a broad variety of applications in scenarios ranging from polarization imaging to quantum optics.
Enhanced Light–Matter Interaction and Polariton Relaxation by the Control of Molecular Orientation
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Bencheikh Fatima , Forget Sébastien , Chénais Sébastien , Heinrich Benoît , Kreher David , Sosa Vargas Lydia , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Fujihara Takashi , Kéna‐Cohen Stéphane , Mathevet Fabrice , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExciton‐polaritons, in which the electronic state of an excited organic molecule and a photonic state are strongly coupled, can form a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) at room temperature. However, so far, the reported thresholds of organic polariton BECs under optical excitation are as high asPth = 11–500 μJ cm–2. One route toward lowering the condensation threshold is to increase the Rabi energy by aligning the molecular transition dipole moments. In this report, it is demonstrated that control of the orientation of a perylene‐based discotic dye, which is able to self‐organize in mesogenic columnar structures, can significantly enhance exciton–photon interaction and polariton relaxation rate in optical cavities. These results show the importance of the molecular orientation for strong light–matter interactions and provide a promising strategy toward the realization of an organic low threshold polariton BEC system and electrically driven organic polariton BEC.
Ultra‐Thin Switchable Absorbers Based on Lossy Phase‐Change Materials
Authors: Heßler Andreas , Bente Ivonne , Wuttig Matthias , Taubner Thomas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAbsorbers for infrared light are important optical components in key areas like biosensing, infrared imaging, and (thermal) light emission, with special need for thin and reconfigurable devices. Here, the authors demonstrate ultra‐thin, switchable infrared absorbers based on thin layers of chalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) with high optical contrast between a lossless amorphous and an exceptionally lossy crystalline phase (Ge3Sb2Te6, Ge2Sb2Te4, Ge2SbTe4, Ag4In3Sb67Te26, and GeTe) on top of polar substrates (SiC, Al2O3, and SiO2). It is found that light is mainly absorbed in the substrate for amorphous PCMs, and in the thin layer for crystalline PCMs. Using the concept of admittance matching, the authors demonstrate dramatic layer thickness reduction by a factor f = πκ of up to 14 for high PCM extinction coefficients κ compared to classic λ/4 anti‐reflection coatings. The authors show continuous tuning of the maximum absorption wavelength by up to 2.5 µm in the epsilon‐near‐zero ranges of the substrates via annealing on a hot plate and optical switching. By selecting a suitable PCM‐substrate combination, the tuning range and its size can be shifted through the whole infrared range. The results demonstrate that exceptionally lossy PCMs show great potential for ultra‐thin, reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.
Deep‐Blue OLEDs Based on Organoboron–Phenazasiline‐Hybrid Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Concurrently Achieving 30% External Quantum Efficiency and Small Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Park In Seob , Min Hyukgi , Kim Jong Uk , Yasuda Takuma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are experiencing growing demand, especially for full‐color display applications, as they can harvest both singlet and triplet excitons to achieve high electron‐to‐photon conversion efficiencies. However, deep‐blue TADF materials that can achieve sufficiently high electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies at a practical luminance and high emission color purity remain exceedingly rare. Herein, two deep‐blue TADF emitters are reported, OBO‐I and OBO‐II, combining a polycyclic organoboron and phenazasiline as weak electron acceptor and donor units, respectively. Both emitters exhibit efficient deep‐blue TADF, with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 81% and 98%, respectively, along with rather short emission lifetimes of ≈1 µs in their doped films. TADF‐OLEDs incorporating OBO‐II achieve extremely high maximum external EL quantum efficiencies of up to 33.8% in the blue color gamut. Furthermore, high EL efficiencies far exceeding 20% are retained, even at a high luminance of over 1000 cd m−2, indicating highly suppressed efficiency roll‐offs. The importance of the proposed fluorophore design, which combines proper weak donor and acceptor units possessing high triplet excited energies for ideal deep‐blue TADF, is highlighted by this study.
Room‐Temperature Low‐Voltage Control of Excitonic Emission in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: Morozov Sergii , Wolff Christian , Mortensen N. Asger 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCharge doping of materials with 2D and 3D quantum confinement is a flexible tool to tailor their excitonic emission. Here, using electron doping experiments on transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, reversible tuning of charged exciton emission within a redshift of up to 75 meV is demonstrated by applying very modest voltages (corresponding roughly to the band gap of TMDs), while also controlling the radiative lifetime and intensity. It is found that the neutral exciton ionization dynamics at increasing electron doping follows the Fermi–Dirac distribution, which allows to determine the size of the band gap as well as to extract experimental values for effective masses of electrons and holes at room temperature. The tunable excitonic emission, preserving coherence at room temperature, holds great promise for quantum technologies requiring deterministic coupling with integrated photonic and plasmonic devices.
Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of 2‐Alkynyl‐1‐indolyl‐1,2‐diols with Thiols: Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐α‐Indol‐3‐yl α‐(2‐Thioalkenyl) Ketones
Authors: Martínez‐Lara Fernando , Suárez Anisley , Velasco Noelia , Suárez‐Pantiga Samuel , Sanz Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPropargylic glycols, 2‐alkynyl‐1‐(indol‐3‐yl)‐1,2‐diols, react with thiols undergoing a complex but selective gold‐catalyzed transformation that gives rise to α‐indol‐3‐yl α‐((Z)‐2‐thioalkenyl) ketones. The sequence is triggered by the regioselective thiolation of indolyl diols followed by an attack of the sulfur instead of the indole over the activated alkyne. The final compounds are obtained in remarkably high yields and arise from simple starting materials such as indolyl acyloins, ethynyl magnesium bromide and thiols.magnified image
Investigation of FcRn‐Mediated Transepithelial Mechanisms for Oral Nanoparticle Delivery Systems
Authors: Yu Yinglan , Wu Zhanghan , Wu Jiawei , Shen Xinran , Wu Ruinan , Zhou Minglu , Li Lian , Huang Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOral delivery is the most widely used modality for drug administration, but its efficiency is hampered by the limited drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. To address this issue, neonatal‐Fc‐receptor‐targeted liposome (Fc domain‐binding peptide (FcBP)‐Lip) is designed in this study. It is discovered that FcBP modification, by adapting to longitudinal pH gradience of the intestine, increases the unidirectional transport of liposomes from the apical to the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelium. In addition, FcBP‐Lip circumvents the lysosomal sequestration and engages the endoplamic reticulum (ER)–Golgi secretion pathway, together contributing to another mechanism that enhances epithelium transcytosis. Moreover, it is discovered that FcBP‐Lip is subject to paracellular and lymphatic transportations by activating specific intracellular kinases and forming chylomicron, respectively. Owing to the vigorous involvement of the miscellaneous transepithelial transport pathways, oral absorption of FcBP‐Lip in vivo is significantly increased. Finally, the insulin that is encapsulated into FcBP‐Lip elicits a stronger hypoglycemic effect than the native form. Notably, insulin‐loaded FcBP‐Lip efficiently elevates hepatic insulin accumulation, insulin receptor level, and glycogen production, leading to blood glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats.
An Air Particulate Pollutant Induces Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Human Brain Models
Authors: Kang You Jung , Tan Hsih‐Yin , Lee Charles Y. , Cho Hansang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5), a major component among air pollutants, highlights as a global health concern. Several epidemiological studies show the correlation between chronical PM2.5 exposure and incidents of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms have not been well understood, partly due to the lack of model systems that reflect the physiologically relevant innate immunity in human brains. Here, PM2.5‐polluted human brain models (PMBs) are created in a 3D microfluidic platform reconstituting key aspects of human brain immunity under the PM2.5 exposure. PM2.5 penetration across a blood–brain barrier (BBB) model and accumulation in the brain tissue side of the model are first validated. Second, the PMB model shows that the BBB‐penetrating PM2.5 initiates astrogliosis, resulting in slight neuronal loss and microglial infiltration. Third, it is demonstrated that the infiltrating microglia obtain M1 phenotype induced by interleukin‐1β and interferon‐γ from neurons and reactive astrocytes under the PM2.5 exposure. Finally, it is observed that additional proinflammatory mediators and nitric oxide released from the M1 microglia exacerbate neuronal damages, such as synaptic impairment, phosphoric tau accumulation, and neuronal death. This study suggests that PM2.5 can be a potential environmental risk factor for dementia mediated by the detrimental neuroinflammation.
A Deep Learning Perspective on Dropwise Condensation
Authors: Suh Youngjoon , Lee Jonggyu , Simadiris Peter , Yan Xiao , Sett Soumyadip , Li Longnan , Rabbi Kazi Fazle , Miljkovic Nenad , Won Yoonjin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCondensation is ubiquitous in nature and industry. Heterogeneous condensation on surfaces is typified by the continuous cycle of droplet nucleation, growth, and departure. Central to the mechanistic understanding of the thermofluidic processes governing condensation is the rapid and high‐fidelity extraction of interpretable physical descriptors from the highly transient droplet population. However, extracting quantifiable measures out of dynamic objects with conventional imaging technologies poses a challenge to researchers. Here, an intelligent vision‐based framework is demonstrated that unites classical thermofluidic imaging techniques with deep learning to fundamentally address this challenge. The deep learning framework can autonomously harness physical descriptors and quantify thermal performance at extreme spatio‐temporal resolutions of 300 nm and 200 ms, respectively. The data‐centric analysis conclusively shows that contrary to classical understanding, the overall condensation performance is governed by a key tradeoff between heat transfer rate per individual droplet and droplet population density. The vision‐based approach presents a powerful tool for the study of not only phase‐change processes but also any nucleation‐based process within and beyond the thermal science community through the harnessing of big data.
Chiral Hybrid Perovskite Single‐Crystal Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Chunhuan , Liu Xiaolong , Ren Ang , Zhou Zhonghao , Qiao Chan , Guan Yuwei , Fan Yuqing , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCircularly polarized light (CPL) detection has emerged as a key technology for various optoelectronics. Chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs) that combine CPL‐sensitive absorption induced by chiral organic ligands and superior photoelectric properties of perovskites are promising candidates for direct CPL detection. To date, most of the CHP detectors are made up of polycrystalline thin‐film, which results in a rather limited discrimination of CPL due to the existence of redundant impurities and intrinsic defect states originating from rapid crystallization process. Here, it is developed a direct CPL detector with high photocurrent and polarization selectivity based on low‐defect CHP single‐crystal nanowire arrays. Large‐scale CHP nanowires are obtained through a micropillar template‐assisted capillary‐bridge rise approach. Thanks to the high crystallinity and ordered crystallographic alignment of these arrays, a CPL photodetector with high light on/off ratio of 1.8 × 104, excellent responsivity of 1.4 A W−1, and an outstanding anisotropy factor of 0.24 for photocurrent has been achieved. These results would provide useful enlightenment for direct CPL detection in high‐performance chiral optoelectronics.
Realizing High‐Energy and Stable Wire‐Type Batteries with Flexible Lithium–Metal Composite Yarns
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hu Hong , Chang Jian , Huang Qiyao , Zhuang Qiuna , Li Peng , Zheng Zijian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐capacity and omnidirectionally flexible wire‐type lithium (Li)–metal batteries represent a feasible technology for the realization of electronic textiles. However, the use of commercially available Li–metal wires as anodes nowadays confronts many electrochemical and mechanical issues such as dendrite formation, low yield strength, and poor fatigue resistance. Here, a flexible and stable Li–metal composite yarn (LMCY) is designed via a fast capillary filling of molten Li into metallic carbon yarn for fabricating high‐energy‐density and long‐lasting wire‐type Li–metal batteries. LMCY shows outstanding electrochemical cyclic stability, mechanical strength, flexibility, and durability. Pairing lithium–iron phosphate (LFP) with the LMCY as anode results in a foldable LFP||Li full cell that delivers a high energy density over 290 Wh L−1 and a long lifetime over 800 cycles with a capacity retention of over 50% after 750 charge/discharge cycles. The seamless integration of this wire‐shape LFP||Li cell with commercial textiles is demonstrated as a built‐in power supply to wearable electronics, while maintaining the excellent breathability of the textiles. LMCYs are also adaptable to other high‐performance wire‐type batteries, such as lithium–sulfur battery.
Accordion‐Like Carbon with High Nitrogen Doping for Fast and Stable K Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Sun Minglei , Yin Jian , Lu Ke , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Qiu Xueqing , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPotassium ion battery (PIB) is a potential candidate for future large‐scale energy storage. A key challenge is that the (de)potassiation stability of graphitic carbon anodes is hampered by the limited (002) interlayer spacing. Amorphous carbon with a hierarchical structure can buffer the volume change during repeated (de)potassiation and enable stable cycling. Herein, a direct pyrolysis approach is demonstrated to synthesize a highly nitrogen‐doped (26.7 at.%) accordion‐like carbon anode composed of thin carbon nanosheets and a turbostratic crystalline structure. The hierarchical structure of accordion‐like carbon is endowed by a self‐assembly process during pyrolysis carbonization. The hierarchical nitrogen‐doped accordion structure enables a high reversible capacity of 346 mAh g−1 and superior cycling stability. This work constitutes a general synthesis methodology that can be used to prepare hierarchical carbon anodes for advanced PIBs.
Nitrogen determination in irrigated rice using spectral reflectance
Authors: dos Santos Marcos Paulo , Heinemann Alexandre Bryan , Stone Luís Fernando , da Matta David Henriques , de Castro João Rodrigo , dos Santos Alberto Baêta 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecision N management using optical radiation sensors is a promising management strategy. Using a combination of three spectral reflectance bands, 22 vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated and evaluated for their efficiency in estimating N status in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) during growth stages. The results obtained here have showed a promising strategy to include crop stages as covariate in generalist models to predict the N status parameters for irrigated rice. This approach is interesting because it reduces the need for specific models, with different structures, for each crop stage. In addition, including crop stages as a covariate in the prediction models allows knowing the rice N status according to the crop stage, which is essential for efficient N management in commercial crops. The results obtained here show the beginning of vegetative stage (V1–V9) significantly affects the prediction of all N status parameters. The dry leaf biomass (DLB), leaf area index (LAI), leaf nitrogen uptake (LNU), and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) can be adequately predicted with combinations of just two VIs. These results show the importance of using active sensors with more than two fixed bands, preferably including a red‐edge band, for effective crop N status estimation.