bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of volatile organic compounds mediated fungal growth inhibition by Trichoderma asperellum HbGT6-07
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Md , Islam Md. Samiul , Polash Shakil Ahmed , Sultana Razia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The species of Trichoderma are one of the most frequently used natural biocontrol agents to mitigate plant diseases and improve crop yields. In this study, sixteen Trichoderma spp. were isolated from soil of different regions of China. However, we identified Trichoderma. asperellum HbGT6-07 by initial fungal growth inhibition assay and molecular approach and also evaluated the antimicrobial effects. Tested 10% concentrated culture filtrate of T. asperellum HbGT6-07 inhibited 93 % of colony radial growth in Botrytis cinerea (B05.10) as well as 91 % of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (A367). VOCs emitted from HbGT6-07 have antimicrobial properties against Botrytis cinerea (B05.10) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (A367). In in-vitro DwD method, The T. asperellum HbGT6-07 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) effectively reduced colonial diameter, mycelial growth rate and sclerotia production by two virulent fungal pathogens. The GC-MS analysis identified thirty-two VOCs derived from HbGT6-07 isolates. Moreover, the hyphal fragments of the T. asperellum HbGT6-07 demonstrated successful mycelia growth suppression of two virulent fungal agents by competing toward the invasion on oilseed rape leaves. The above findings indicated that T. asperellum HbGT6-07 could attain competitive progress via volatile antifungal compound production and comprehensive mycelial growth. This study provided an outlook of using T. asperellum HbGT6-07 to control virulent pathogens of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum.
Ionitronic manipulation of current-induced domain wall motion in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Guan Yicheng , Zhou Xilin , Li Fan , Ma Tianping , Yang See-Hun , Parkin Stuart 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The current induced motion of domain walls forms the basis of several advanced spintronic technologies. The most efficient domain wall motion is found in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structures that are composed of an upper and a lower ferromagnetic layer coupled antiferromagnetically via a thin ruthenium layer. The antiferromagnetic coupling gives rise to a giant exchange torque with which current moves domain walls at maximum velocities when the magnetic moments of the two layers are matched. Here we show that the velocity of domain walls in SAF nanowires can be reversibly tuned by several hundred m/s in a non-volatile manner by ionic liquid gating. Ionic liquid gating results in reversible changes in oxidation of the upper magnetic layer in the SAF over a wide gate-voltage window. This changes the delicate balance in magnetic properties of the SAF and, thereby, results in large changes in the exchange coupling torque and the current-induced domain wall velocity. We also illustrate the potential of ionitronic spintronic logic devices with a ‘knot’ racetrack device.
Rising ecosystem water demand exacerbates the lengthening of tropical dry seasons
Authors: Xu Hao , Lian Xu , Slette Ingrid , Yang Hui , Zhang Yuan , Chen Anping , Piao Shilong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The timing and length of the dry season is a key factor governing ecosystem productivity and the carbon cycle of the tropics. Mounting evidence has suggested a lengthening of the dry season with ongoing climate change. However, this conclusion is largely based on changes in precipitation (P) compared to its long-term average (P ̅) and lacks consideration of the simultaneous changes in ecosystem water demand (measured by potential evapotranspiration, Ep, or actual evapotranspiration, E). Using several long-term (1979-2018) observational datasets, we compared changes in tropical dry season length (DSL) and timing (dry season arrival, DSA, and dry season end, DSE) among three common metrics used to define the dry season: P < P ̅, P < Ep, and P < E. We found that all three definitions show that dry seasons have lengthened in much of the tropics since 1979. Among the three definitions, P < E estimates the largest fraction (49.0%) of tropical land area likely experiencing longer dry seasons, followed by P < Ep (41.4%) and P < P ̅ (34.4%). The largest differences in multi-year mean DSL (> 120 days) among the three definitions occurred in the most arid and the most humid regions of the tropics. All definitions and datasets consistently showed longer dry seasons in southern Amazon (due to delayed DSE) and central Africa (due to both earlier DSA and delayed DSE). However, definitions that account for changing water demand estimated longer DSL extension over those two regions. These results indicate that warming-enhanced evapotranspiration exacerbates dry season lengthening and ecosystem water deficit. Thus, it is necessity to account for the evolving water demand of tropical ecosystems when characterizing changes in seasonal dry periods and ecosystem water deficits in an increasingly warmer and drier climate.
Physical and Charge-Discharge behavior of Facile PVdF-co-HFP Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries
Authors: G VIJAYAKUMAR , CHANDAR RAJIV , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , z said , R paramasivam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Synthesized wurtzite ZnO nanostructures are incorporated on the poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF- co -HFP) matrix, which improves the thermal behavior of as obtained thin film nanocomposite microporous polymer membrane (nanoCMPM). The nanoCMPM shows a favorable effect on the melting temperature (T m ) 142.9°C. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized by DSC and porosity studies. The nanoCMPM was prepared as a polymer electrolyte in soaking 1.0 M LiClO 4 – DMC+EC (1: 1 v/v ratio) electrolyte solution to get as nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (nanoCMPE). The optimized nanofiller dispersed composite microporous polymer membrane was found to have a high degree of porosity (76%) and excellent film strength than 8-10wt% filler concentration. It shows the ionic conductivity in the order of 10 −3 S cm −1 at room temperature. It has been further evidence from the effect on lithium salt concentration studies. The optimized membrane electrolyte has good compatibility and charge discharge character at 0.5C rate. It has the evidence applicable to perform in lithium ion polymer batteries.
Traumatic displacement of laser in situ keratomileusis flaps: an integrated clinical case presentation and literature review
Authors: Shih Lu-Yang , Peng Kai-Ling , Chen Jiunn-Liang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Traumatic dislocation of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal flaps is an uncommon postoperative complication that could occur any time after LASIK, and could be visually devastating. We evaluated the visual outcomes, corneal sensation, tear function, and dry eye questionnaire results of patients with traumatic dislocation of LASIK flaps, including one LASIK flap amputation.
Methods
This is a retrospective case series. Twelve patients were diagnosed with traumatic displacement of the LASIK flap between August 2014 and January 2019. Of these, seven who underwent flap replacement surgery were included. Patient’s visual acuity, refraction, corneal sensitivity, non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) results were evaluated.
Results
The patients’ mean age was 35.86 ± 5.84 years, and 42.9% (3/7) were male. The mean duration from LASIK to trauma was 8.86 ± 2.48 years.The mean preoperative and postoperative six-month best-corrected visual acuity were 0.55 ± 0.34 and 0.02 ± 0.03, respectively. Vision improvement was significant (P = 0.018). The mean spherical equivalent and astigmatism at six months postoperatively was − 1.0 ± 0.95 D and − 0.5 ± 0.25 D, respectively. The corneal flap was clear and well-positioned at the final follow-up (mean: 28.57 ± 6.9 months). 85.71% (6/7) of the patients showed worse corneal sensation in the injured eye. Interocular OSDI discrepancy was significantly less (P = 0.048) in those whose last visit was more than 30 months after the trauma.
Conclusions
Postoperative vision at six months was significantly improved, and the refractive data also showed some improvement. The corneal nerve and tear function recovery peaked before 30 months, while the OSDI continued to improve beyond 30 months.
Children and pregnant women are more likely to develop severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia：Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Suzhou: 2014 to 2018
Authors: Lv yantian , Sun Xiaojing , Chen Ying , Ruan Ting , Xu Guopeng , Xiao Xu , Huang Jianan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To study the epidemic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) in the whole population and the clinical characteristics of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMMP).
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 56474 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIS) of the affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university from 2014 to 2018. Serum particle agglutination (PA) was used to detect MP specific IgM antibody to confirm MP infection.
Results

A total of 56474 patients with RTIs were enrolled, and 15857 (28.13%) of patients with MP-IgM positive were detected. From 2014 to 2018, the annual proportion of MP RITs was 23.60%, 28.18%, 38.08%, 27.05% and 23.44%. In terms of seasonal distribution, April-June and September-November were the peak seasons each year. The proportion of MP RITs of children was significantly higher than that of adults in almost every year. The proportion of MP RITs of female was significantly higher in children and adults. The peak age of MP infection was between the age of 4 and 14 years old. There were 216 cases of SMPP patients, including 198 children and 18 adults (8 cases of pregnant women). Children and pregnant women were more likely to develop severe Mycoplasma pneumonia. SMMP patients had more extrapulmonary symptoms, multilobar infiltrates and pleural effusion, and increased CRP, LDH and WBC(p < 0.05).
Conclusions

This study shows that MP infection has a seasonal, gender, and age distribution trend, and SMMP is more likely to occur in children and pregnant women. Understanding these characteristics will contribute to timely diagnose and treat MP infection.
Valorization of Cyprinus Carpio skin for biocompatible collagen hydrolysates with potential application in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Danila Elena , Stan Raluca , KAYA Mădălina ALBU , VOICU Georgeta , MARIN Maria Minodora , MOROȘAN Alina , TITORENCU Irina , ŢUŢUIANU Raluca 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fish collagen is the safest source of collagen at present, the extraction being performed on secondary sources as skin, bones, scales or fins resulted after fish processing. The aim of the present study was to obtain biocompatible collagen hydrolysates from waste Cyprinus carpio skin, the main aquaculture species in Romania using an inexpensive and “green” neutral hydrolysis process. Neutral hydrolysis of pretreated fish skins performed for 6 hours at a temperature of 135°C and a pressure of 315 kPa produced collagen hydrolysates in 24.6-35.5% yields depending on the adopted pretreatment procedure. The extensive characterization of hydrolysate samples revealed a high purity degree (98% protein content, undetected ash content, pH value in the range 6-7), also confirmed by the absence of undesired aggregates in the characteristic fibril structure as determined by electronic microscopy. A specific collagen hydrolysate random coil structure and the absence of triple helix was determined by FTIR analysis and sustained by CD spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biocompatibility assessment for the obtained fish collagen hydrolysates revealed no cytotoxic effect on Human keratinocytes, with an 80% cell viability, superior as compared to conventional bovine collagen hydrolysate.Neutral hydrolysis of waste Cyprinus carpio skin yielded collagen hydrolysates with determined characteristics and biocompatibility superior to bovine collagen, suitable for application in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.
Evaluation of health care providers’ use of the ‘Exercise and Depression Toolkit’: a case study
Authors: Glowacki Krista , Zumrawi Daniah , Michalak Erin , Faulkner Guy 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Exercise is now recommended as a primary treatment for mild-moderate depression in Canada. The ‘Exercise and Depression Toolkit’ was developed to help health care providers (HCP) integrate these treatment guidelines into practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate acceptability and perceived effectiveness of the toolkit in practice by HCPs working with individuals with depression.
Methods

A case study design was utilized. The toolkit was given to 6 HCPs to use in practice for four weeks. Pre- and post-intervention phone interviews were conducted, and weekly logs were provided to track use and satisfaction of interactions with individuals with depression when using the toolkit. The study was conceptually guided by a hybrid theoretical approach using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.
Results

All HCPs used the toolkit at least once. Participants viewed their interactions when using the toolkit to be successful (considering individuals’ receptiveness, its usefulness and general satisfaction.) The average success score for all participants was 5.5/7. HCPs found the toolkit to be acceptable. All participants (n = 6) viewed the toolkit as having relative advantage in helping them to discuss exercise with individuals with depression, and as relatively simple and easy to use (not complex) and adaptable to their practice needs (having trialability). Participants liked the toolkit and had mostly positive things to say about it. Participants had mixed feelings about whether changes in the people they worked with (such as mood and activity levels) could be observed (observability) and whether the toolkit changed their belief in their ability to recommend or discuss exercise (self-efficacy). Recommended dissemination strategies were adopted in promoting the toolkit.
Conclusions

Future work should address observability and the ability for health care providers to see other providers using it, as well as effectiveness considering outcomes for people with depression such as mood and activity changes. The results of this initial evaluation seem promising for uptake and future adoption of the toolkit by health care providers working with adults with depression in Canada.
Growth of Unruptured Aneurysms: A Meta-analysis of Natural History and Endovascular Studies
Authors: Volovici Victor , Verploegh Iris S. , Doormaal Pieter Jan van , Es Adriaan C.G.M. van , Roozenbeek Bob , Lingsma Hester F. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Dammers Ruben , Krisht Ali F. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is a strong predictor of rupture. Clinical observations suggest that UIAs might grow faster after endovascular treatment than untreated UIAs. There are no head-to-head comparisons of incidence rates of UIAs so far. In this meta-analysis, we compared the incidence rates of growth of untreated UIAs and endovascularly treated UIAs. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant articles and conference abstracts in English, German or French from the inception of the databases to March 2020. We performed a meta-analysis by pooling the incidence rates for growth of aneurysms from natural history studies and endovascular treatment studies. Generalized linear models were used for multivariable adjustment for the prespecified confounders age, size and location. Results: 25 studies (10 describing growth in natural history and 15 reporting growth after endovascular therapy) with 6325 aneurysms were included in the meta-analysis. Median size of the aneurysm was 3.7 mm in the natural history studies and 6.4 mm in endovascular treatment studies (p = 0.001). The pooled incidence rate (IR) of growth was significantly higher in endovascular treatment studies (IR 52 per 1000 person-years, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 36–79) compared to natural history studies (IR 28 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 17–46), also after adjustment. Conclusion: The incidence rate of growth in endovascularly treated aneurysms was higher than in natural history studies. However, these results should be viewed in the light of high risk of bias of the individual studies and risk of ecological bias.
Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome
Authors: Chagas Elaine Hellen Nunes , Silva Julia Rezende da , Barros Bruno de Cássio Veloso de , Júnior José Wandilson Barboza Duarte , Santos Fabiola da Silva dos , Júnior Edivaldo Costa Sousa , Bezerra Delana Andreza Melo , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Castro Ceyla Maria Oeiras de , Malik Yashpal Singh , Mascarenhas Joana D’Arc Pereira 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to detect picobirnavirus (PBV) in the fecal samples of wild and domestic animals from 2014 to 2016 in the Amazon biome. For detection, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and RdRp gene based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) preceded by Reverse Transcription (RT) were used. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square G test and nucleotide analyses for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. A total of 258 fecal samples from different animals, including birds (n=41) and mammals (n=217) were used. The PAGE test showed negativity for PBV genome in all samples while in the RdRp gene based RT-PCR test 32 samples showed amplification, corresponding to 12.4% (32/258) positivity. Among the positive samples, mammals, including pigs and cats, both with 28.12% (9/32), registered the highest frequencies, and in birds, the positivity was 4.9% (2/41). In phylogenetic analysis, eight sequences from positive samples grouped in the genogroup 1 of PBV (GI). The statistical test was significant for PBV in relation to the groups of animals studied (birds, mammals, and rodents), and in relation to the cities of origin of the samples, with a value of p <0.05. Nucleotide analysis demonstrated similarity among the feline group, but the absence of a defined structure between the clades. PBVs are highly widespread viruses that can affect the most diverse types of hosts in the Amazon biome.
The Mutation of Ednrb(c.857 T &gt; C) Associated With Atrophied Spleen Phenotype in Mice&nbsp;
Authors: Wu Fei , Li Mei , Wang Fu-Wen , Gao Yuan , Munir Tariq , Zhou Zi-hui , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Rui-Hua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:The endothelin signaling pathway plays an important function in the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural crest cells. Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) was reported to have a small spleen phenotype in its deficient mouse model .In our study, we also found that the mutation of EDNRB gene (c. 857 T > c) led to an atrophied spleen phenotype in mice. Different genotypes of EDNRB were significantly correlated with the spleen-kidney ratio, and the spleen phenotypes of Ednrbm1yzcm mice were smaller. The results of the tissue section and H&E staining showed that the spleen microstructure of Ednrbm1yzcm mice was abnormal. In order to explore the molecular mechanism, three groups of Ednrbm1yzcm and wild-type mice were used as control, and standard |log2(FoldChange)|>1 and Padj<0.05 were used to study the influence of EDNRB gene mutation on spleen transcriptional group in mice. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the signal pathway related to small spleen phenotype.Results: Through sequencing of mouse spleen transcriptome, 121 differentially expressed genes were selected. Results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that in Ednrbm1yzcm mice, upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway, this pathway inhibits cell growth and modulates organs size and volume; and down-regulation of immune functionally associated pathways such as cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. In addition, chemokine of Chemokine signaling pathway may also be related to the development of spleen immune tissue structure.Conclusions: In the experiment, we found that mice with mutations in the EDNRB gene have features such as an atrophied spleen and changes in the structure of the spleen. In order to explore the reasons, we performed RNA sequencing on three groups of Edrnrbm1yzcm and wild-type mice, and we found that upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway. And this signal Pathway is a proven signaling pathway that controls organ size and immune function, so we speculate that the size of the spleen may be related to the Hippo signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical study of the mechanism of spleen development.
Control of Defects in Deep Drawing of Tailor-welded Blanks for Complex Shape Automotive Panel
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Lizi , Wang Haibao , Zhou Jie 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the development of lightweight vehicles, tailor welded blanks (TWBs) are increasingly used in the automotive industry. Splitting and wrinkling are the main defects during the deep drawing of TWBs. A new method to control the forming defects was introduced in the forming process of TWBs in this study. The microstructure and mechanical properties of TWBs were characterized through metallography and tensile tests. Finite element modelling of an automobile rear door inner panel made of TWBs was built to analyse deep drawing. Edge cutting and notch cut were introduced in the drawing to deal with forming defects and reduce the number of stamping tools. The minimum distance between the material draw-in and trimming lines, thinning index and thickening index were defined as the measurable index to analyse the numerical results. Orthogonal experiment, numerical simulation and multiobjective experiment were utilised to optimize the forming parameters. The proposed method and optimised parameters were verified through experiments. The experimental results are basically consistent with the numerical simulation. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide some guidance for controlling the defects in deep drawing of TWBs for complex shape automotive panel.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Increasing Incidence and Poor Survival: A Finnish Population-based Analysis
Authors: Puhakka Inka , Kuittinen Outi , Jäkälä Pekka , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina , Sonkajärvi Eila , Rönkä Aino , Selander Tuomas , Korhonen Miika 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe report here the first population-based incidence rates and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland. MethodsFinnish Cancer Registry data by histological diagnosis and tumor location (2007-2017) for cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.ResultsDuring 2007–2017, 416 new cases of PCNSL were reported (202 males, 214 females). The average age-adjusted incidence in males vs. females for 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015 and 2016-2017 was 0.57/100,000 vs. 0.48/100,000 person-years, 0.66/100,000 vs. 0.55/100,000, 0.53/100,000 vs. 0.63/100,000, and 0.76/100,000 vs. 0.66/100,000 respectively. The incidence was highest, 3.27/100,000, among people aged 75–79 years. From 2007–2012 to 2013–2017, the 2-year age-adjusted survival rate increased from 36% to 41%, and the 4-year survival rates from 31% to 37%. Among patients aged 70+ years, the corresponding 2-year survival rates were 25% and 29%, and the 4-year survival rates 25% and 22%.ConclusionAge-adjusted incidence of PCNSL increased from 0.57/100,000 (2007–2012) to 0.63/100,000 (2013–2017). The annual increase was 3.8% being among the highest reported in the world. The prognosis was poor, although a minor improvement in 4-year survival was found.