bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ubms: An R package for fitting hierarchical occupancy and N‐mixture abundance models in a Bayesian framework
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Fowler Nicholas L. , Petroelje Tyler R. , Kautz Todd M. , Beyer Dean E. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObtaining unbiased estimates of wildlife distribution and abundance is an important objective in research and management. Occupancy and N‐mixture abundance models, which correct for imperfect detection, are commonly used for this purpose. Fitting these models in a Bayesian framework has advantages but doing so can be challenging and time‐consuming for many researchers.We developed an R package,ubms, which provides an easy‐to‐use, formula‐based interface for fitting occupancy, N‐mixture abundance and other models in a Bayesian framework using Stan. The package also provides tools for visualizing parameter effects, calculating residuals, assessing goodness‐of‐fit and comparing models.We demonstrate the use ofubmsby fitting an N‐mixture model to ruffed grouseBonasa umbelluscount data from drumming surveys conducted at roadside points sampled on five occasions annually during 2013–2015. To demonstrate the functionality ofubms, we used survey site as a random effect, and occasion date and per cent aspen cover at each site as covariates of detection and abundance respectively. The top‐ranked model included a positive effect of per cent aspen on grouse abundance.ubmshas the potential to greatly increase the range of users who will be able to rigorously assess species distribution and abundance while correcting for imperfect detection in a Bayesian framework.
Scorecards, gateways and rankings: remuneration and conduct in financial services
Authors: Sheedy Elizabeth , Zhang Le , Steffan Dominik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe conduct a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment with 318 finance professionals to investigate the effects of incentives on misconduct in the finance industry. We examine the inclusion of compliance, as well as transaction volumes, for determining performance pay. This is proposed by regulators to reduce misconduct, despite the inherent difficulty of measuring compliance. Relative to fixed remuneration, the performance pay structures that incorporate compliance measures produce significantly worse compliance outcomes with mixed results in terms of productivity gains. Anticipating relative peer information on both criteria leads to increased productivity; the number of participants choosing to consistently comply remains unchanged, but those who sometimes violate policy are less compliant.
Integrated control of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Australian cotton with insecticides and naturally occurring beneficial arthropods
Authors: Sequeira Richard V , Reid David J , Khan Moazzem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInsecticidal treatment options based on putative integrated pest management (IPM) compatible active ingredients spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor and buprofezin were evaluated for efficacy against first and second instar (small) and large (third instar and adult) cotton mealybugs, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Four field evaluations were conducted at the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland) research station facilities at Kingaroy (KRS) and Emerald (ERS) in 2016 and 2017. Two ‘insecticide evaluations’ included treatment options with different rates of active ingredients and adjuvants, aimed at validating efficacy results obtained in previous glasshouse evaluations. The other two ‘IPM evaluations’ were designed to test the compatibility of selected insecticidal active ingredients with naturally occurring beneficial arthropods through differential exclusion by means of large field cages configured to be either partially open or fully closed to regulate access. Spirotetramat gave consistent and commercially acceptable (≥80%) control of large and small mealybugs at the highest rate of 96 g in these insecticide evaluations. The addition of crop oil to spirotetramat as a tank mix partner significantly enhanced efficacy, as documented previously in glasshouse evaluations. Sulfoxaflor provided equivalent control of large and small mealybugs but only at the ERS site. The overall control efficacy of buprofezin was equivalent to spirotetramat and sulfoxaflor at the ERS site but inferior to both at the KRS site. In the IPM evaluations, the abundance of predatory arthropods and their potential contribution to overall mortality was generally low. Parasitism contributed significantly to overall mortality among treatments over time and was independent of cage status (closed or open). Large mealybugs were equitably distributed between the upper (terminal) and lower sections of the cotton plant canopy in both ERS evaluations whereas in the KRS evaluations the distribution was biased towards the lower section. The importance of pest distribution within the crop canopy in the context of insecticide efficacy is discussed. The results of this study confirm the importance of spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor and buprofezin as key insecticidal platforms that will give growers and crop managers the flexibility and confidence to implement sustainable, multi‐pest IPM strategies in Australian cotton.
QTc interval prolongation in the patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Wang Zihao , Qian Rongkai , Wang Yanhua , Mo Lingfei , Ju Bomiao , Hu Nan , Wang Pei , He Lan , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe QT interval prolongation was associated with fatal arrhythmias and cardiac death. However, there were not adequate data to clarify the situation of QT interval prolongation in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the rate and the associated risk factors of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation in PBC patients.MethodsFrom January 2016 to December 2020, PBC patients were retrospectively enrolled. The rate of QTc interval prolongation was surveyed and the associated risk factors were clarified by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAmong the 189 PBC patients, 24.3% (46/189) had the QTc interval prolongation. The univariate analysis showed that age, Child‐Pugh classification, creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and platelet (PLT) were associated with QTc interval prolongation in the PBC patients. The multivariate analysis further showed only age (p = .028) and Child‐Pugh classification (p = .035) were the associated risk factors. It had the highest risk of QTc interval prolongation (as high as 64.3%) in the patients who were more than 62.5 years old and with Child‐Pugh C.ConclusionThe QTc interval prolongation was frequent in PBC patients, especially in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The rate of QTc interval prolongation was as high as 64.3% in the PBC patients who were more than 62.5 years old and classified as Child‐Pugh C.
miR‐301a inhibits adipogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stromal vascular fractions by targeting HOXC8 in sheep
Authors: Zhao Bishi , Pan Yangyang , Qiao Liying , Liu Jianhua , Yang Kaijie , Liang Yu , Liu Wenzhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate adipogenic differentiation in stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) through post‐transcriptional regulation of transcription factors and other functional genes. miR‐301 and the homeobox C8 (HOXC8) gene are involved in lipid homeostasis; however, their roles in the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs are unknown. Here, we explored the effects of miR‐301 and HOXC8 on adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs and the regulatory role of miR‐301a in HOXC8 expression. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of miR‐301a and HOXC8 on the mRNA abundance of adipogenic markers and the ability of ovine SVFs to accumulate lipids. We found that miR‐301a regulates adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs by directly targeting the 3′‐untranslated region of HOXC8, resulting in significant downregulation of the HOXC8 mRNA and protein. Moreover, miR‐301a overexpression suppressed adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs and significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenesis‐related genes—including adiponectin, C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4. Conversely, HOXC8 overexpression in ovine SVFs increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and remarkably promoted the expression of adipogenic markers. Taken together, our results indicate that miR‐301a attenuates the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs by targeting HOXC8. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of lipid accumulation and metabolism in sheep.
Metabolic interactions of benzodiazepines with oxycodone ex vivo and toxicity depending on usage patterns in an animal model
Authors: Lawson Roland , Čechová Petra , Zarrouk Eliès , Javellaud James , Bazgier Václav , Otyepka Michal , Trouillas Patrick , Picard Nicolas , Marquet Pierre , Saint‐Marcoux Franck , El Balkhi Souleiman 
Published: December 2021

Background and PurposeOpioids and benzodiazepines are frequently combined in medical as well as in non‐medical contexts. At high doses, such combinations often result in serious health complications attributed to pharmacodynamics interactions. Here, we investigate the contribution of the metabolic interactions between oxycodone, diazepam and diclazepam (a designer benzodiazepine) in abuse/overdose conditions through ex vivo, in vivo and in silico approaches.Experimental ApproachA preparation of pooled human liver microsomes was used to study oxycodone metabolism in the presence or absence of diazepam or diclazepam. In mice, diazepam or diclazepam was concomitantly administered with oxycodone to mimic acute intoxication. Diclazepam was introduced on Day 10 in mice continuously infused with oxycodone for 15 days to mimic chronic intoxication. In silico modelling was used to study the molecular interactions of the three drugs with CYP3A4 and 2D6.Key ResultsIn mice, in acute conditions, both diazepam and diclazepam inhibited the metabolism of oxycodone. In chronic conditions and at pharmacologically equivalent doses, diclazepam drastically enhanced the production of oxymorphone. In silico, the affinity of benzodiazepines was higher than oxycodone for CYP3A4, inhibiting oxycodone metabolism through CYP3A4. Oxycodone metabolism is likely to be diverted towards CYP2D6.Conclusion and ImplicationsAcute doses of diazepam or diclazepam result in the accumulation of oxycodone, whereas chronic administration induces the accumulation of oxymorphone, the toxic metabolite. This suggests that overdoses of opioids in the presence of benzodiazepines are partly due to metabolic interactions, which in turn explain the patterns of toxicity dependent on usage.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc
Novel agonist and antagonist radioligands for the GLP‐2 receptor. Useful tools for studies of basic GLP‐2 receptor pharmacology
Authors: Gadgaard Sarina , van der Velden Wijnand J. C. , Schiellerup Sine P. , Hunt Jenna Elizabeth , Gabe Maria B. N. , Windeløv Johanne Agerlin , Boer Geke Aline , Kissow Hannelouise , Ørskov Cathrine , Holst Jens J. , Hartmann Bolette , Rosenkilde Mette M. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is a pro‐glucagon‐derived hormone secreted from intestinal enteroendocrine L cells with actions on gut and bones. GLP‐2(1–33) is cleaved by DPP‐4, forming GLP‐2(3–33), having low intrinsic activity and competitive antagonism properties at GLP‐2 receptors. We created radioligands based on these two molecules.Experimental approachThe methionine in position 10 of GLP‐2(1–33) and GLP‐2(3–33) was substituted with tyrosine (M10Y) enabling oxidative iodination, creating [125I]‐hGLP‐2(1–33,M10Y) and [125I]‐hGLP‐2(3–33,M10Y). Both were characterized by competition binding, on‐and‐off‐rate determination and receptor activation. Receptor expression was determined by target‐tissue autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.Key resultsBoth M10Y‐substituted peptides induced cAMP production via the GLP‐2 receptor comparable to the wildtype peptides. GLP‐2(3–33,M10Y) maintained the antagonistic properties of GLP‐2(3–33). However, hGLP‐2(1–33,M10Y) had lower arrestin recruitment than hGLP‐2(1–33). High affinities for the hGLP‐2 receptor were observed using [125I]‐hGLP‐2(1–33,M10Y) and [125I]‐hGLP‐2(3–33,M10Y) with KD values of 59.3 and 40.6 nM. The latter (with antagonistic properties) had higher Bmax and faster on and off rates compared to the former (full agonist). Both bound the hGLP‐1 receptor with low affinity (Ki of 130 and 330 nM, respectively). Autoradiography in wildtype mice revealed strong labelling of subepithelial myofibroblasts, confirmed by immunohistochemistry using a GLP‐2 receptor specific antibody that in turn was confirmed in GLP‐2 receptor knock‐out mice.Conclusion and implicationsTwo new radioligands with different binding kinetics, one a full agonist and the other a weak partial agonist with antagonistic properties were developed and subepithelial myofibroblasts identified as a major site for GLP‐2 receptor expression.
EHR STAR: The State‐Of‐the‐Art in Interactive EHR Visualization
Authors: Wang Q. , Laramee R.S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince the inception of electronic health records (EHR) and population health records (PopHR), the volume of archived digital health records is growing rapidly. Large volumes of heterogeneous health records require advanced visualization and visual analytics systems to uncover valuable insight buried in complex databases. As a vibrant sub‐field of information visualization and visual analytics, many interactive EHR and PopHR visualization (EHR Vis) systems have been proposed, developed, and evaluated by clinicians to support effective clinical analysis and decision making. We present the state‐of‐the‐art (STAR) of EHR Vis literature and open access healthcare data sources and provide an up‐to‐date overview on this important topic. We identify trends and challenges in the field, introduce novel literature and data classifications, and incorporate a popular medical terminology standard called the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We provide a curated list of electronic and population healthcare data sources and open access datasets as a resource for potential researchers, in order to address one of the main challenges in this field. We classify the literature based on multidisciplinary research themes stemming from reoccurring topics. The survey provides a valuable overview of EHR Vis revealing both mature areas and potential future multidisciplinary research directions.
Invasive herbaceous respond more negatively to elevated ozone concentration than native species
Authors: Wang Lichao , Li Yan , Liu Yanjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimMany studies show that increase in ground‐level ozone (O3) has adverse effects on plant growth. Due to high phenotypic plasticity, invasive species is considered to be more adaptable to elevated O3 than native species. This idea is only tested by the very limited studies comparing invasive weeds with crops. However, whether it holds remains unclear when comparing invasive species with their co‐occurring native species in natural systems.LocationChina.MethodsWe performed an open‐top chamber experiment growing six congeneric pairs of invasive and native species with and without competition under ambient (approximately 43 ppb) and elevated O3 (approximately 89 ppb) concentrations to test whether the growth responses to elevated O3 concentrations differ between invasive and native species.ResultsOur results revealed that elevated O3 had a significant negative effect on both invasive and native species. In particular, elevated O3 reduced the aboveground biomass and damaged the leaves of invasive species significantly more than those of native species.Main conclusionsOur study indicates that elevated O3 concentration has a stronger adverse effect on invasive species than on native species. Therefore, increasing O3 pollution might suppress plant invasion, and thus invasive species might expand their distribution more easily to the area with lower O3 pollution in the future.
Intraspecific diversity alters the relationship between climate change and parasitism in a polymorphic ectotherm
Authors: Wu Qiang , Miles Donald B. , Richard Murielle , Rutschmann Alexis , Clobert Jean 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClimate‐modulated parasitism is driven by a range of factors, yet the spatial and temporal variability of this relationship has received scant attention in wild vertebrate hosts. Moreover, most prior studies overlooked the intraspecific differences across host morphotypes, which impedes a full understanding of the climate–parasitism relationship. In the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), females exhibit three colour morphs: yellow (Y‐females), orange (O‐females) and mixed (mixture of yellow and orange, M‐females). Zootoca vivipara is also infested with an ectoparasite (Ophionyssus mites). We therefore used this model system to examine the intraspecific response of hosts to parasitism under climate change. We found infestation probability to differ across colour morphs at both spatial (10 sites) and temporal (20 years) scales: M‐females had lower parasite infestations than Y‐ and O‐females at lower temperatures, but became more susceptible to parasites as temperature increased. The advantage of M‐females at low temperatures was counterbalanced by their higher mortality rates thereafter, which suggests a morph‐dependent trade‐off between resistance to parasites and host survival. Furthermore, significant interactions between colour morphs and temperature indicate that the relationship between parasite infestations and climate warming was contingent on host morphotypes. Parasite infestations increased with temperature for most morphs, but displayed morph‐specific rates. Finally, infested M‐females had higher reductions in survival rates than infested Y‐ or O‐females, which implies a potential loss of intraspecific diversity within populations as parasitism and temperatures rise. Overall, we found parasitism increases with warming temperatures, but this relationship is modulated by host morphotypes and an interaction with temperature. We suggest that epidemiological models incorporate intraspecific diversity within species for better understanding the dynamics of wildlife diseases under climate warming.
A qualitative content analysis of nurses' perceptions about readiness to manage intimate partner violence
Authors: Briones‐Vozmediano Erica , Otero‐García Laura , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , De Fuentes Susana , García‐Quinto Marta , Vives‐Cases Carmen , Maquibar Amaia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the perceptions of nurses on the factors that influence their readiness to manage intimate partner violence (IPV) in Spain.DesignQualitative content analysis based on data from six different regions in Spain (Murcia, Region of Valencia, Castile and Leon, Cantabria, Catalonia, Aragon) collected between 2014 and 2016.Methods37 personal interviews were carried out with nurses from 27 primary health care (PHC) centres and 10 hospitals. We followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines. Qualitative content analysis was supported by Atlas.ti and OpenCode.ResultsThe results are organised into four categories corresponding to (1) acknowledging IPV as a health issue. An ongoing process; (2) the Spanish healthcare system and PHC service: a favourable space to address IPV although with some limitations; (3) nurses as a key figure for IPV in coordinated care and (4) factors involved in nurses' autonomy in their response to IPV, with their respective subcategories.ConclusionIn practice, nurses perceive responding to IPV as a personal choice, despite the institutional mandate to address IPV as a health issue. There is a need to increase continuous training and ensure IPV is included in the curriculum in university nursing undergraduate degrees, by disseminating the existing IPV protocols. Furthermore, coordination between healthcare professionals needs to be improved in terms of all levels of care and with other institutions.
Treatment of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a solid organ transplant recipient with programmed death‐1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: O'Connell K.A. , Schmults C.D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLimited data exist on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). We report a case of a SOTR who developed metastatic disease following multiple surgeries, three cycles of adjuvant radiotherapy, and minimization of immunosuppression. He was subsequently treated with pembrolizumab and achieved a complete response. However, the patient developed ICI‐induced allograft rejection requiring therapy discontinuation. The allograft was salvaged following IVIg and steroids. The patient developed recurrent disease which failed rechallenge with pembrolizumab but achieved a partial response following cemiplimab administration. This case illustrates the potential to treat metastatic CSCC in a SOTR with anti‐programmed death‐1 therapy and preserve graft function despite allograft rejection.
Value of cemiplimab in progressive metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma after kidney transplantation: a case report
Authors: Geidel G. , Rünger A. , Schneider S.W. , Gebhardt C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most frequent post‐transplant tumour entity resulting from immunosuppression treatment that is needed to prevent organ rejection. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at higher risk for CSCC and vulnerable for aggressive disease or a fatal course. Here, we report on a case of post‐kidney transplant metastatic CSCC, demonstrating efficacy of cemiplimab in achieving complete remission after previous disease progression under cetuximab treatment. Unfortunately, the patient developed severe pneumonia, which was only later diagnosed as cemiplimab‐associated pneumonitis. Due to a rapidly evolving septic condition, intensive care treatment was required and resulted in a fatal outcome. The patient's transplant remained intact, yet first‐line treatment of advanced CSCC, such as with cemiplimab, should be weighed critically in SOT recipients, as transplant rejection may occur. However, the present case underlines the feasibility of cemiplimab as a second‐line treatment option in this patient collective.