bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic noise drives an immediate increase in call pitch in an urban frog
Authors: Higham V. , Deal N. D. S. , Chan Y. K. , Chanin C. , Davine E. , Gibbings G. , Keating R. , Kennedy M. , Reilly N. , Symons T. , Vran K. , Chapple D. G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNoise pollution is an underappreciated component of global environmental change and can impact species that have a strong reliance on acoustic communication. In urban areas, traffic noise can interfere with the ability of animals to communicate and complete essential aspects of their daily lives. We investigated the impact of traffic noise on the calling behaviour of the brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) in south‐eastern Melbourne, the fastest‐growing human population centre in Australia. We placed six acoustic recorders at increasing distances from a busy suburban road and recorded the calling behaviour (call pitch and call rate) of brown tree frogs immediately before and after loud traffic noises, and in response to different chorus sizes. Traffic noise resulted in a significant, but short‐term, increase in call pitch in the brown tree frog. Both call pitch and call rate decreased with increasing distance from the road, yet traffic noise still resulted in increased call pitch even 200–300 m from the road. Conversely, although traffic noise increased call pitch across all chorus sizes of the brown tree frog, larger chorus sizes were associated with decreased call pitch. Our study highlights the pervasive, and sustained, impact that anthropogenic noise can have on urban frog populations.
Do Kindergarteners Develop Awareness of the Statistical Regularities They Acquire?
Authors: Spit Sybren , Andringa Sible , Rispens Judith , Aboh Enoch O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany studies suggest that detecting statistical regularities in linguistic input plays a key role in language acquisition. Although statistical learning is not necessarily implicit in nature, it is often defined as learning that happens without awareness. This article investigates whether statistical learning in young children is indeed implicit, as often assumed. We trained 63 kindergarteners on a miniature language and assessed learning using a picture‐matching task. We used an opt‐out task to measure whether the kindergarteners possessed awareness of an acquired meaningful grammatical marker. In the opt‐out paradigm, participants demonstrate awareness by expressing uncertainty through a nonverbal response: opting out. Our results are compatible with an earlier study of which the present study is a partial replication, suggesting that kindergarteners can acquire this marker from distributional properties in the input. Furthermore, although none of the children could verbalize knowledge of the structure during exit interviews, their behavior during the opt‐out task indicated that they developed awareness of it.
Iron‐rich olivine in the unequilibrated ordinary chondrite, MET 00526: Earliest stages of formation
Authors: Dobrică Elena , Brearley Adrian J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn order to understand the effects of the earliest stages of hydrothermal alteration and fluid‐assisted metamorphism on the matrices of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOCs), we have investigated the fine‐grained matrix of MET 00526 (L3.05) using multiple electron microscope techniques. Iron‐rich olivines (Fa50‐100) are present in all four representative fine‐grained matrix regions analyzed in this study. This study shows for the first time the occurrence of FeO‐rich olivines in distinct submicron veins that crosscut regions of matrix consisting of amorphous silicates and phyllosilicates, providing evidence for elemental mass transport in a hydrothermal fluid. Our detailed transmission electron microscopy study reinforces the idea that FeO‐rich olivines are formed on asteroidal parent bodies by the interaction between a hydrothermal fluid and the pristine solar nebular materials that may be the product of condensation processes in the protoplanetary disk, that is, amorphous silicates. We propose that the FeO‐rich olivines currently observed in MET 00526 matrix are the products of three possible reaction mechanisms, (1) replacement of amorphous silicates, (2) precipitation from an SiO‐rich fluid, and (3) replacement of phyllosilicates; all these mechanisms take place in the presence of an iron‐rich fluid. The chemical evolution of the hydrothermal fluid could trigger the formation of either fayalite or phyllosilicates depending on the Si/Fe ratios. A low Si/Fe ratio is required to form FeO‐rich olivines, rather than phyllosilicates, which form at high Si/Fe ratio. Although MET 00526 records the effects of secondary alteration processes, its fine‐grained matrix still preserves some evidence of its pristine, solar nebular characteristics.
TonB‐dependent transporters in the Bacteroidetes: Unique domain structures and potential functions
Authors: Pollet Rebecca M. , Martin Lauryn M. , Koropatkin Nicole M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe human gut microbiota endows the host with a wealth of metabolic functions central to health, one of which is the degradation and fermentation of complex carbohydrates. The Bacteroidetes are one of the dominant bacterial phyla of this community and possess an expanded capacity for glycan utilization. This is mediated via the coordinated expression of discrete polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) that invariantly encode a TonB‐dependent transporter (SusC) that works with a glycan‐capturing lipoprotein (SusD). More broadly within Gram‐negative bacteria, TonB‐dependent transporters (TBDTs) are deployed for the uptake of not only sugars, but also more often for essential nutrients such as iron and vitamins. Here, we provide a comprehensive look at the repertoire of TBDTs found in the model gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the range of predicted functional domains associated with these transporters and SusD proteins for the uptake of both glycans and other nutrients. This atlas of the B. thetaiotaomicron TBDTs reveals that there are at least three distinct subtypes of these transporters encoded within its genome that are presumably regulated in different ways to tune nutrient uptake.
Gut mycobiome: The probable determinative role of fungi in IBD patients
Authors: Beheshti‐Maal Alireza , Shahrokh Shabnam , Ansari Saham , Mirsamadi Elnaz Sadat , Yadegar Abbas , Mirjalali Hamed , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multi‐factorial autoimmune disorder that its causative agents are unknown. The gut microbiota comprises of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa that its role in IBD has remained controversially. Bacteria constitute more than 99% of the gut microbiota composition, and the main core of the gut microbiota is composed from Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The gut microbiota plays an important role in training, development and haemostasis of the immune responses during the life. Fungi compose a very small portion of gut microbiota, but play determinative roles in homeostasis of the gut bacterial composition and the mucosal immune responses. An interkingdom correlation between bacteria and fungi has been suggested. For example, the presence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium reduces the viability and colonisation of C albicans. Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, which is known as dysbiosis, are a usual event in patients who suffer from IBD. Although the main reason for this alteration is not clear, the interaction between gut bacteria and gut fungi seems to be an important subject in IBD patients. This review covers new findings on the interaction between fungi and bacteria and the role of fungi in the pathophysiology of IBD.
Smart secretion management to protect nurses from COVID19 and other infectious diseases
Authors: Saseedharan Sanjith , Karanam Roopa , Kadam Vaijayanti , Shirsekar Suvarna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 has been linked to over 40 million infections and 1.1 million deaths in 210 countries as of October 19, 2020. This highly contagious communicable disease has put not only infected individuals but other patients and frontline workers like nurses at risk in hospitals, especially in Intensive Care units (ICUs).There is a need for minimizing patient contact, improving hand hygiene practices, and optimizing healthcare provider time, especially nurses. Globally it is estimated that nearly a million health care providers have been infected with COVID‐19 as of the end of October 2020.MethodsThis retrospective service evaluation documents the experience of health care providers in a COVID‐19 ICU in India that was used to implement new protocols for secretion management and oral hygiene. Patient chart information and staff feedback were utilized.InterventionThis pilot study captures the practical benefits of using VAPCare, an automated, closed‐loop system for oral secretion removal.ResultsSix patients were included in this small‐scale study; three patients following the current standard of care for suctioning and oral hygiene and three receiving the new VAPCare and Lumen device protocol. With the new device protocol, the number of infected secretion interactions by a nurse was 50% lower, and nursing time spent on oral hygiene and secretion management 70% less than seen with the current standard of care. The number of disposable gloves used with VAPCare and Lumen was reduced by over 50%. All 10 nurses and six doctors gave positive feedback on device usage. The department recommended updating protocols to prioritize the use of the new secretion management system for patients with COVID19 and other highly contagious conditions.ConclusionThe findings are an early indication that using VAPCare for patients could help protect infected patients, other ICU patients, and health care workers.
Biochemical and biophysical pH clamp controlling Net H+ efflux across the plasma membrane of plant cells
Authors: Wegner Lars H. , Li Xuewen , Zhang Jie , Yu Min , Shabala Sergey , Hao Zhifeng 
Published: January 2021

SummaryP‐type H+ ATPases mediate active H+ efflux from plant cells. They generate a proton motive force across the plasma membrane, providing the free energy to drive the transport of other solutes, partly by coupling to H+ influx. Wegner & Shabala (2020) recently suggested that passive H+ influx can exceed pump‐driven efflux due to ‘active buffering’, that is, cytosolic H+ scavenging and apoplastic H+ generation by metabolism (‘biochemical pH clamp’). Charge balance is provided by K+ efflux or anion influx. Here, this hypothesis is extended to net H+ efflux: even though H+ pumping is faster than backflow via symporters and antiporters, a progressive increase in the transmembrane pH gradient is avoided. Cytosolic H+ release is associated with bicarbonate formation from CO2. Bicarbonate serves as substrate for the PEPCase, catalyzing the reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate, which is subsequently reduced to malate. Organic anions such as malate and citrate are released across the plasma membrane and are (partly) protonated in the apoplast, thus limiting pump‐induced acidification. Moreover, a ‘biophysical pH clamp’ is introduced, that is, adjustment of apoplastic/cytosolic pH involving net H+ fluxes across the plasma membrane, while the gradient between compartments is maintained. The clamps are not mutually exclusive but are likely to coexist.
Modeling thiamine fortification: a case study from Kuria atoll, Republic of Kiribati
Authors: Green Tim J. , Whitfield Kyly C. , Daniels Lisa , Brown Rachel C. , Houghton Lisa A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn 2014, there was an outbreak of beriberi on Kuria, a remote atoll in Kiribati, a small Pacific Island nation. A thiamine‐poor diet consisting mainly of rice, sugar, and small amounts of fortified flour was likely to blame. We aimed to design a food fortification strategy to improve thiamine intakes in Kuria. We surveyed all 104 households on Kuria with a pregnant woman or a child 0–59 months. Repeat 24‐h dietary recalls were collected from 90 men, 17 pregnant, 44 lactating, and 41 other women of reproductive age. The prevalence of inadequate thiamine intakes was >30% in all groups. Dietary modeling predicted that rice or sugar fortified at a rate of 0.3 and 1.4 mg per 100 g, respectively, would reduce the prevalence of inadequate thiamine intakes to <2.5% in all groups. Fortification is challenging because Kiribati imports food from several countries, depending on price and availability. One exception is flour, which is imported from Fiji. Although resulting in less coverage than rice or sugar, fortifying wheat flour with an additional 3.7 mg per 100 g would reduce the prevalence of inadequacy to under 10%. Kiribati is small and has limited resources; thus, a regional approach to thiamine fortification is needed.
Assessing Sampling Error in Pseudo‐Panel Models
Authors: Khan Rumman 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile pseudo‐panels are useful when only repeated cross‐section data are available, estimates are likely to be attenuated and suffer from sampling error if cell sizes (number of individuals grouped together in a cohort) are too few. However, there is no consensus on how large cell size needs to be, with recommendations ranging from 100 to several thousands. This is due to sampling error being affected by both cell size and three important types of variation in the cohort data (across and within cohorts and over time). We combine these into a single metric, called CAWAR, and demonstrate its relationship to sampling error using Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical application. We produce recommended values for CAWAR beyond which sampling error bias is minimal and from these one can easily calculate the required cell size.
Nurses’ decision‐making related to administering as needed psychotropic medication to persons with dementia: an empty systematic review
Authors: Walsh Brittany , Dahlke Sherry , O’Rourke Hannah , Hunter Kathleen F. 
Published: January 2021

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia occur in approximately 75% of people with dementia admitted to acute care. Acute care nurses’ decision‐making regarding administering ‘as needed’ (pro re nata or PRN) psychotropic medications to persons with dementia are not well understood. This is an important clinical concern because ‘as needed’ medications are given at the discretion of the nurse. A comprehensive, systematic search and screen for studies that explored nurses’ decision‐making related to administering as needed psychotropic medication to persons with dementia in acute care settings was conducted. No studies that reported nurses’ decision‐making related to administration of as needed psychotropic medications to hospitalized persons with dementia were identified. In light of this, we present a discussion based on a narrative review of what is known on this topic from other settings, based on papers found in our original review. We will briefly explore what is needed in future research to address the gap in knowledge about nurse’ decision‐making related to administering as needed psychotropic medications.Implications for practiceResearch is needed to understand and inform the decision‐making process in the administration of as needed psychotropic medications to hospitalized persons with dementia.
Perspectives of people with late age‐related macular degeneration on mental health and mental wellbeing programmes: a qualitative study
Authors: Dillon Lisa , Gandhi Sarthak , Tang Diana , Liew Gerald , Hackett Maree , Craig Ashley , Mitchell Paul , Keay Lisa , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposePeople with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) experience high rates of depression, but rarely engage in or have access to tailored mental wellbeing programmes. This qualitative study investigated the perspectives of those primarily with late AMD on mental health and mental wellbeing programmes.MethodsTwenty‐eight people with late AMD in at least one eye, and one person with early AMD in both eyes, aged 56–87 years (mean age 78 years) attending a private eye clinic between December 2019 and January 2020 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, participated. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed deductively using content analysis, following the individual level factors for health promotion interventions in the behaviour change wheel: Capability (Physical & Psychological), Opportunity (Physical & Social), and Motivation (Reflective & Automatic).ResultsSix major themes were identified: Capability: (1) Impact of vision loss on mobility and leisure pursuits; (2) Adjustment to living with vision loss; Opportunity: (3) Program considerations for those with AMD; (4) Stigma and self‐perception of vision loss and mental health; Motivation: (5) Accumulation of vision‐related issues as a barrier to participation; (6) Examples of others living with vision loss. General personal factors relevant to delivery of a programme in this age group were also identified: Comorbidities; Limitations using technology; Isolation; Financial concerns and Beliefs that undesired effects of aging are inevitable.ConclusionsComplex individual, environmental and social factors influence the perspectives of people with late AMD on mental health, and potential participation in mental wellbeing programmes. These factors should be considered when developing and implementing mental wellbeing programmes to improve the emotional and functional rehabilitation outcomes for people with AMD.
Impossible fictions part II: Lessons for mind, language, and epistemology
Authors: Nolan Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImpossible fictions have lessons to teach us about linguistic representation, about mental content and concepts, and about uses of conceivability in epistemology. An adequate theory of impossible fictions may require theories of meaning that can distinguish between different impossibilities; a theory of conceptual truth that allows us to make useful sense of a variety of conceptual falsehoods; and a theory of our understanding of necessity and possibility that permits impossibilities to be conceived. After discussing these questions, strategies for resisting the picture of impossible fictions presented here and in Part I are discussed. Perhaps apparently impossible fictions describe possibilities after all; or perhaps impossible fictions are all trivial; or perhaps some apparently intelligible impossible fictions are unintelligible after all.
Oral health needs of athletes with intellectual disability in Southern Europe: Greece, Italy and Spain
Authors: Fernández Rojas Carla , Emmanouil Dimitris , Dellavia Claudia , Limeres Jacobo , Castro Natalia , Marks Luc A.M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsThe population with intellectual disabilities (ID) has been reported to be a vulnerable population in terms of oral health. The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral condition and treatment needs of Special Olympics (SO) athletes from Greece, Italy and Spain.Methods and resultsA cross‐sectional study was performed with data collected in annual SO events held in Greece, Italy and Spain, between 2010 and 2012. The recorded parameters were the presence/absence of edentulism, untreated decay, filled or missing teeth, sealants, tooth injury and signs of gingival disease. Among the main findings, the prevalence of untreated decay was 57.0% in Greece, 48.8% in Italy and 41.7% of the Spanish athletes. The prevalence of signs of gingival disease was 61.1% in Greece, 60.6% in Italy and 66.1% in Spain. While the majority of the athletes were in need of dental treatment.ConclusionsOral disease is an unresolved problem among athletes with ID in these Mediterranean countries. Therefore efforts should be directed to meet their treatment needs and to prevent oral disease.
Effects of Nonresponse, Measurement, and Coverage Bias in Survey Estimates of Voting
Authors: Brenner Philip S. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveThe objective is to estimate the relative contributions of nonresponse, coverage, and measurement biases in survey estimates of voting.MethodsWe survey 3,000 Boston‐area households sampled from an address‐based frame matched, when possible, to telephone numbers. A two‐phase sampling design was used to follow up nonrespondents from phone interviews with personal interviews. All cases were then linked to voting records.ResultsNonresponse, coverage, and measurement‐biased survey estimates at varying stages of the study design. Coverage error linked to missing telephone numbers biased estimates that excluded nonphone households. Overall estimates including nonphone households and nonrespondent interviews include 25 percent relative bias equally attributable to measurement and nonresponse.ConclusionBias in voting measures is not limited to measurement bias. Researchers should also assess the potential for nonresponse and coverage biases.
Prevalence of SOEs and intergenerational income persistence: Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Haichao , Fang Zheng , Huang Bihong , Zhou Mohan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) on intergenerational income persistence in China. Using population census, we first estimate the intergenerational income elasticities (IGEs) across Chinese prefecture‐level cities. We then find that the prevalence of SOEs in a city is negatively associated with its IGE. The estimation using the geographic variation in SOEs created by the ‘156 Projects’ as an instrumental variable shows the suggestive evidence that the relationship between the prevalence of SOEs and intergenerational income persistence might be causal. Further analysis reveals that the prevalence of SOEs may hamper intergenerational mobility through (1) stifling competition from the private sector and (2) facilitating occupational inheritance within SOEs. Our research implies that reforming SOEs shall promote social mobility.
Feasibility, indications, and radiographically confirmed diagnoses of standing extremity cone beam computed tomography in the horse
Authors: Pauwels Frederik E. , Van der Vekens Elke , Christan Yan , Koch Christoph , Schweizer Daniela 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the feasibility, indications, and diagnostic yield of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of horses' extremities performed under standing sedation.Study designRetrospective clinical case series.Sample populationFifty‐nine CBCT examinations in 58 horses.MethodsExaminations were categorized for indications for CBCT dependent on a suspicion, presence, or absence of a diagnosis prior to CBCT. The number of acquisitions per examination, total time for the examination, diagnostic score of each acquisition (diagnostic, diagnostic‐compromised, nondiagnostic), and additional diagnostic information regarding preexisting diagnostic information were recorded.ResultsThree (median) acquisitions were performed per examination in a median study time of 14 minutes. In 24 of 33 cases with a suspected diagnosis, this diagnosis was confirmed or definitively refuted; in seven of 33 cases, the suspected diagnosis was refuted without a new diagnosis; and, in two of 33 cases, the suspected diagnosis could not be confirmed nor could a new diagnosis be made. In five of nine cases without a preexisting diagnosis, a diagnosis was established. In 16 cases with a diagnosis prior to CBCT, additional information was recorded, or a surgical plan was prepared. In 14 of 18 cases in which additional contrast techniques were used, additional information was gained.ConclusionStanding CBCT of the horses' extremities is feasible and can produce diagnostic information in a timely fashion.Clinical significanceThe results provide evidence of the practicality and diagnostic potential of standing CBCT of horses' extremities.