bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Errors in Understanding of Handicapped Children
Authors: LEVY LOIS E. 
Published: December 2021

Today pediatricians are subject to such demands that they must necessarily delegate much of the office routine to their nurses and office assistants. The necessity for close teamwork among all groups concerned with the optimum health and welfare of children is graphically illustrated by a recent experience observed in connection with an examination for a handicapped child.
Pursuant to a telephone conversation with Mary's mother, I agreed to take Mary, my deaf student, to her physician in order to keep her appointment for an ophthalmological examination.
ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THE PLASMA OF THE NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Dickinson Johanne C. , Rosenblum Herman , Hamilton Paul B. 
Published: December 2021

1. A micromethod for the determination of amino acids by ion exchange chromatography was applied to the quantitative determination of the free amino acids in 0.1 ml of plasma of the newborn infant. The precision of the method was in general within the range ± 5%. An interpretive analysis of a typical chromatogram is given.
2. Plasma was best stored at -68°C pending analysis; errors likely to arise on storage at -20°C and higher temperatures are pointed out. Some errors likely to arise in the preparation and storage of plasma protein free filtrates are also indicated.
3. Comparison of the free amino acids in the femoral vein plasma of 25 newborn infants was made with the literature values of the free amino acids in the plasma of adults. The differences noted were not great, but were apparently characteristic. On comparing heel puncture plasma, some amino acids were higher than in femoral vein plasma, but it was concluded that heel puncture plasma would be satisfactory for routine clinical purposes. Some possible sources of error which might explain the elevated amino acids in the heel puncture plasma were noted.
4. On comparison of newborn with 3-day-old infants, some changes in amino acid levels were noted. The changes were not great, but seemed to be characteristic and consistent.
5. A number of small peaks which have not been noted previously in plasma have been indicated on the chromatogram. They were not identified, but were mentioned to draw attention to the possibilities of hitherto unrecognized ninhydrin-positive components of plasma.
Human Pasteurelloses, Activation of Interest in Some Latent Problems
Authors: HUBBERT WILLIAM T. 
Published: December 2021

(Editor's Note: The following communication is to appear in several medical publications. Attention of readers of Pediatrics is solicited.)
Classic consideration of human infections due to members of the genus Pasteurella is concerned with plague (P. pestis) and tularemia (P. tularensis). There have been extensive investigations on plague and tularemia in the U.S. and elsewhere in the world which now provide excellent clinical and epidemiological pictures of these two diseases.
However, there are at least four other species of Pasteurella (hemolytica multocida, pneumotropica, and pseudotuberculosis), known human pathogens, for which we have little or no understanding of their clinical importance or epidemiological patterns. Each species has been recovered from a variety of domestic and sylvatic animal reservoirs and each is, to some degree, a veterinary medical problem. Although a measure of the importance of these diseases in domestic animals in the United States is available from U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics, no comparable morbidity figures are reported for man. The occasional case reports that are published indicate, nevertheless, that a problem exists. The question remains, "how extensive is the problem?"
The first human infection due to P. multocida to be reported (1913) was a case of puerperal fever. Numerous cases have been reported since, involving respiratory tract infections, appendicitis, bitewound infections, as well as other forms.
Until the 1950's cases of P. pseudotuberculosis infection were considered rare, with less than 20 reports of fatal septicemia appearing in the literature. Recently, however, several hundred cases of mesenteric adenitis, often confused with acute appendicitis, have been observed primarily in Europe. In addition, recent cases of erythema nodosum as well as other forms have been described. Furthermore, P. pseudotuberculosis is of considerable importance as a source of diagnostic confusion due to many cultural and biochemical characteristics that this organism shares in common with P. pestis.
One case of P. hemolytica infection simulating ulceroglandular tularemia has been reported. Atypical strains of P. hemolytica have been isolated from the respiratory tract and from a case of endocarditis. A number of isolations of P. pneumotropica have been obtained from the respiratory tract.
No assessment of the importance of these agents as causes of disease in man in the United States can be made unless clinical and laboratory data can be accumulated. As a step in the right direction, it is suggested that clinical résumés, cultures, and paired sera from any patients, whether typical or atypical cases, be submitted to the U. S. Public Health Service, Communicable Disease Center, San Francisco Field Station, for further study and/or tabulation.
STOOL LOSSES AND ACIDOSIS IN DIARRHEAL DISEASE OF INFANCY
Authors: Teree Thomas M. , Mirabal-Font Eduardo , Ortiz Antonio , Wallace William M. 
Published: December 2021

1. Simultaneously obtained specimens of serum and stool were obtained from infants with diarrheal disease. From the majority of patients these were obtained at a juncture in the disease where acidosis and dehydration had supervened. The pH, osmolality, and chemical composition of 19 sera and 33 stools from 28 patients were determined. In 24 of the 33 stools the pH was below 7.00. Only 5 stools contained more than 10 mM of CO2 per liter.
2. Analysis of the data obtained for the concentrations of inorganic cations and anions shows, in keeping with all previous analyses of such stools, that appreciable quantities of unidentified organic anion exist in the water phase of the stool. The mechanism by which the loss of such anion, regardless of the stool pH, could contribute acid to the body fluids is discussed.
3. When the data obtained in this study are considered in terms of known maximal and minimal diarrheal daily stool volumes, it appears that, unless fecal volume is extremely large, the acid contributed by the stool loss is within the normal range of renal excretory ability. This is in accord with the original postulates of Howland and Mariott and of Schloss, that reduction in renal excretory function secondary to dehydration is the primary cause of the acidosis in infantile diarrhea.
MORE CHILDREN AND MORE RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PEDIATRICIANS
Authors: WISHIK SAMUEL M. 
Published: December 2021

AT THE recent meeting of the American Academy of Pediatrics in Chicago, the Executive Board formulated two statements which are printed in full immediately following these comments. These statements are a policy response to the many important current developments in our country referable to the health of children. This commentary touches on certain aspects of these policies.
The Executive Board takes note of new efforts to marshal the resources of the nation to meet the health needs of large numbers of children. The Academy will contribute what it can so that these efforts can attain greatest effectiveness with the highest possible standards of care.
The Undescended Testicle, Timing of Surgery
Authors: SKLAIRE MARTIN W. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Bongiovanni's article on "The Undescended Testicle" (Pediatircs, 36:786, 1965) was read with great interest. The decision to defer surgery until seven to eight years of age also involves psychological factors which merit consideration, along with medical and surgical factors. This communication is for the purpose of re-emphasizing the meaning of the operation to the child, for the purpose of determining optimal timing for the surgery.
Surgical correction of cryptorchidism is a procedure requiring careful preparation of the child.
Le Message Héréditaire
Authors: MIGEON BARBARA R. 
Published: December 2021

Doctor de Grouchy has previously written of the earlier discoveries in molecular genetics in a book entitled L'Hérédite Moleculaire published in 1958. He is now inspired to write this book by the many exciting recent advances in our knowledge of the nature of the giant molecules which carry and transmit the genetic message from cell to daughter cell, from nucleus to cytoplasm, and which also control protein synthesis.
The book is in two parts.
Pediatric Electrocardiography, Normal and Abnormal Patterns, Incorporating the Vector Approach, by Warren G. Guntheroth, M.D. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1965, 150 pp., $7.00
Authors: Hugenholtz Paul G. 
Published: December 2021

This book is well written, well organized, concise and clear. One finds little fault with its concepts or the way they are presented. They are better summarized than in most textbooks in the field. The illustrations in particular are excellent and complement the text admirably. They bring out one of the strongest components of the book, namely, the correlation between the vectorial and scalar approach. A particularly useful device is in the inclusion in the book of looseleaf tables containing selected criteria and ranges of normal values for electrocardiograms in the pediatric patient.
However, as with most small books which emphasize brevity and accentuate "the introduction" as their approach, the intellectual appetite is stimulated rather than satisfied. In the entire field of electrocardiography, but particularly in congenital heart disease, the time has come to quantitate disorders and to free the field from the restrictions imposed by the descriptive terminology from older textbooks. The author would appear eminently qualified to undertake such a task and one can only hope that this book is a first installment. The need to correlate the electrocardiogram with hemodynamic events is growing rapidly and it is from laboratories such as that of Doctor Guntheroth that one expects an answer.
As a consequence, I can recommend this book heartily but only to the medical student and to the physician not familiar with the field. For those wishing more detailed information the need for a more comprehensive coverage of electrocardiography in congenital heart disease remains.
DISACCHARIDASE DEFICIENCY IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: Townley R. R. W. 
Published: December 2021

CARBOHYDRATES provide a substantial proportion of the total caloric content of our diet. The dietary carbohydrates of quantitative importance are the polysaccharide starch and the disaccharides sucrose and lactose. Hydrolysis of each of these to monosaccharide form is necessary before significant absorption can occur.
The principal product of starch digestion by amylases of the salivary glands and pancreas is maltose, a disaccharide in which two glucose units are joined by 1-4 α linkages. The other products are oligosaccharides including the disaccharide isomaltose, in which 1-6 α linkages are present.
Further hydrolysis of maltose and oligo 1-6 glucosides, produced from starch, and the hydrolysis of sucrose and lactose ingested as such, is dependent on enzymes of the small intestinal mucosa, the disaccharidases.
Figure 1 summarizes the sequence of digestion of the common dietary carbohydrates.
For many years, clinicians have recognized that diarrhea in some patients is related to the ingestion of certain forms of carbohydrate. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in the detection of such patients, and the application of new techniques to their investigation.
The development of instruments for intraluminal biopsy of the small intestinal mucosa was a notable advance, since it allowed specimens of this tissue to be obtained and some of its digestive capacities, including those concerned with disaccharide digestion, to be studied directly.
By these means, it has been established that deficiency of one or more of the intestinal disaccharidases is often the basis of disaccharide intolerance.
The terms "disaccharide intolerance" and "disaccharidase deficiency" are frequently used in this article, but have rather different meanings, so that a preliminary discussion of the sense in which each is used seems warranted.
SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANCY AND VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Balduzzi Piero C. , Greendyke Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

The relationship between sudden, unexpected death of infants and enteric viruses was investigated. A total of 97 cases of sudden deaths and 33 "control" cases, comparable from several points of view, were studied.
One viral strain was found in the stool of a "control" case and 14 agents were isolated from the sudden death group; 9 strains were found in stools and 5 strains, all Coxsackie B, were isolated from organ tissues obtained at necropsy. While this last finding suggests that enteric viruses may cause sudden deaths, the frequency of isolation is too low to be significant in a sample of the size investigated here.
CARDIAC MAN IFESTATIONS OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN INFANTS
Authors: Contis George , Nadas Alexander S. , Crigler John F. 
Published: December 2021

1. The cardiovascular status of 40 patients under 6 months of age with uncomplicated congenital hypothyroidism was studied.
2. A significant number of these infants presented with symptoms which suggested cardiovascular disease.
3. The majority had heart murmurs and x-ray and electrocardiographic changes on admission, but these disappeared rapidly, in almost all instances, shortly after onset of thyroid therapy.
4. Autopsy findings in two infants with hypothyroidism and heart murmurs, as well as cardiac catheterization of two patients, failed to shed light on the etiology of the cardiac findings.
Allergic Factors in the Etiology of Spasmodic Croup and Laryngo-tracheitis
Authors: WOLF I. J. 
Published: December 2021

I agree with Dr. Gilles Marion (Pediatrics, 37:854, 1966) who recommends the use of an antihistaminic in the emergency treatment of croup. I use Chlortrimeton by injection, plus the use of epinephrine and aminophylline in addition to the use of a broad spectrum antibiotic.
In my experience too (Ann. Allerg., 24:79, 1966), practically none of my croup patients are hospitalized. In over 30 years of pediatric practice I have only had two tracheotomies performed during this period of time.
Lupus Erythematosus, A Review of the Current Status of Discoid and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Variants
Authors: ROSEN FRED S. 
Published: December 2021

Despite the productive investigations on lupus erythematosus during the past decade, this protean disease remains a baffling problem which eludes definition. The current knowledge on the subject has been assembled in a big and beautiful book by the editor.
The first part of the book deals with the pathology of lupus. Several subsequent chapters by Mackay, the Mieschers, and others bring together current immunological concepts about this puzzling disease. The last two thirds of the book are devoted to a description of over 400 patients with lupus based on the editor's broad experience with this malady
POTASSIUM-40: SERIAL DETERMINATIONS IN INFANTS
Authors: Maresh Marion , Groome David S. 
Published: December 2021

OUR interest in the changes in body composition of the newborn infant as he grows through his first postnatal year has been accelerated in recent years as we look to the total body counter for further evidence of the variability in the relative amounts of adipose and nonadipose tissue in the body. Anderson and Langham in Los Alamos and Forbes and Hursh in Rochester, New York, have shown that K measurements can be used in the determinations of total potassium in children of school age and adults of all ages. There have been few K counts on infants, although some infants were included in the Los Alamos data.
In 1961 the Colorado State Department of Public Health installed a total body counter. Learning of our interest in body potassium studies in 1963, they offered us the use of the facility for a pilot infant study. After 6 months of experimenting with position of detector and child and means of monitoring the sleeping infant, most of the difficulties had been satisfactorily met.
The counting shield is a 2.4 x 2.4 x 2.4 m (8 x 8 x 8 ft) room with 12.7 cm (5 in.) steel walls lined with 3 mm (⅛ in.) lead. The child is quiescent in a prone position on a tight canvas frame supported from the walls of the room. A 10.2 x 22.9 cm (4 x 9 in.) NaI (Tl) detector utilizing four photomultiplier tubes is located under the canvas with the position dependent upon the height and weight of the child, varying from contact with the canvas to 7.5 cm (3 in.) from the infant.
Pediatric Pathology
Authors: EDLOW JULES 
Published: December 2021

In 1959 the need for a volume devoted exclusively to the pathology of pediatrics was readily evident. The first edition of this book, which appeared at that time, found wide use by those who sought specific or additional information for their understanding of pediatric pathology.
Now, 7 years later, this book has been revised and a second edition issued. Information on the thymus and metabolic diseases has been brought up to date and a chapter on chromosomes has been added. Concepts related to embryology have been incorporated to explain some pathologic processes.
FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS WITH MENTAL AND GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Juberg Richard C. , Holland-Moritz Roxie M. , Henley Keith S. , Gonzalez Carlos F. 
Published: December 2021

Four siblings have been described with similar onset and progression of intrahepatic cholestasis. Pruritus at 3 to 5 months was the presenting manifestation and was accompanied by jaundice, an enlarged abdomen, bilirubinuria, and occasional light stools. Liver enlargement, retarded growth, and mild mental retardation have been present in all.
The elevation of the serum bilirubin is predominantly of the conjugated fraction and is associated with increased serum alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, cholesterol, and alteration of the electrophoretic pattern of the proteins, with elevation of the α2 and β globulin fractions.
Liver biopsies have been characterized by bile stasis in the presence of bile ducts. Two of the children show hepatic fibrosis which appears to be progressive and irreversible.
Aside from one aunt with cholangitis and cholangiolitis, there are no family members with liver disease. Autosomal recessive inheritance is suggested.
A Practical Suggestion for Poison Control in the Pediatric Age Group
Authors: NATHAN MAX T. 
Published: December 2021

Congratulations to Dr. J. A. Jones for taking action in the education of his patients and the public at large for the purpose of poison control. In his opening paragraph, he mentions that he has been "unsuccessful in developing a foolproof container that is economically feasible to manufacture."
I'm sure Dr. Jones, and many others, will be pleased to know that such a container is now available, as a result of the efforts of The Ontario Association for the Control of Accidental Poisoning (O.A.C.A.P.).
Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde, Vol. 2 (in 2 parts)
Authors: EICHENWALD HEINZ F. 
Published: December 2021

Volume 2 of Springer's monumental Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde is divided into two parts, each a separate book, but both must be purchased together. Part 1 deals with the pediatric diagnosis; Part 2 with therapy.
Part 1 (Diagnosis) contains chapters by 71 different authors, mostly drawn from German institutions with a few Swiss, Swedish, and Austrian contributors. The book contains three main sections: (1) general diagnostic methods (including history and physical examination), (2) more specialized diagnostic procedures employed in endocrinology, genetics, radiology, orthopedics, urology, neurology, cardiology, etc., and (3) special laboratory procedures.
COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION
Published: December 2021

Because of the limited information available it is not possible to derive precise figures for daily requirements of vitamin B6 in infants and children at this time. Data currently available suggest that the daily need in childhood is 0.5 to 1.5 mg and in adolescence is 1.5 to 2 mg. The requirement in infancy is clearly related to protein intake and is 20µg/gm of dietary protein.
Requirements of a few individuals will undoubtedly be higher than the estimates for the normal population. Some of these patients will manifest frank biochemical and clinical signs of deficiency which will usually be promptly reversed by administration of small additional amounts of pyridoxine. Another group of patients will require large amounts of the vitamin to balance the heritable alteration in binding properties of a specific apoenzyme requiring pyridoxal phosphate for normal activity.
It would appear that most infants, children and adults will have little difficulty in achieving an adequate intake of vitamin B6 if they receive what is considered to be in other respects an adequate diet.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: GOLD ARNOLD P. 
Published: December 2021

It is hoped that Dr. García's letter further stresses the importance of depigmented nevi in the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
The article referred to in his letter discussed in detail the classic triad of tuberous sclerosis with retardation, adenoma sebaceum, and seizures. The authors stressed the high frequency of depigmented nevi. There was no statement concerning a possible relationship between these lesions and infantile spasms. This article failed to state when the depigmented lesions occurred, and the only reference was that depigmented nevi, café-au-lait spots, and subcutaneous nodules were present in addition to the adenoma sebaceum.
ISLET CELL ADENOMA IN CHILDHOOD: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: Drash Allan , Schultz Robert 
Published: December 2021

The case of an 11-year-old boy with multiple islet cell adenoma of the pancreas is described. The case is of particular interest because the mild and infrequent symptoms resulted in an incorrect diagnosis of a primary convulsive disorder. The problems of accurate pre-operative diagnosis, despite the availability of all current diagnostic studies, are emphasized. The absence of abnormal elevations in serum insulin, as observed in this patient, cannot be used to exclude the possibility of islet cell adenoma.
Review of the literature as well as the experience of The Johns Hopkins Hospital underlines the importance of islet cell adenoma as a primary cause for hypoglycemia in the older child. Absence of severe hypoglycemia must not dissuade the physician from complete evaluation of such patients.
THE DANGERS OF A SUCCESSFUL PKU PROGRAM
Authors: GERALD PARK S. 
Published: December 2021

WHEN the concept of mass screening of newborns for phenylalaninemia was first proposed, many voices were raised in protest. Chief among the objections listed was the impracticability of searching for a disease so rare that only one such infant would be found in 20,000 tested.
Today, mass screening for phenylalaninemia is a fact rather than a concept, but the storm of controversy has increased rather than subsided. There is, however, no longer any argument about the practicability of mass screening; the techniques used have proved eminently successful, in part helped by the finding that the incidence of presumptive PKU is now believed to be one in 10,000 or nearly double the earlier estimate.