bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behandlungserwartungen bei postoperativen Schmerzen
Authors: Stuhlreyer Julia , Klinger Regine 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPräoperative Behandlungserwartungen haben einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die postoperativen Schmerzen und Behandlungsergebnisse. Positive Erwartungen sind ein wichtiger Mechanismus von Placeboeffekten und negative Erwartungen ein wichtiger Mechanismus von Noceboeffekten.FragestellungWelchen Einfluss haben Behandlungserwartungen, wie werden diese im klinischen Setting erhoben und wie können diese Erkenntnisse in der klinischen Praxis umgesetzt werden?Material und MethodenEs wurde eine Literatursuche für klinische Studien mit den Schlagwörtern „expectation“ AND („postoperative“ OR „surgery“) durchgeführt. Ausgewählt wurden alle aktuellen englischen und deutschen Artikel. Zusätzlich wurden die Literaturverzeichnisse der gefundenen Artikel untersucht und mit aufgenommen.ErgebnisseInsgesamt 158 Artikel wurden gefunden, von denen 49 Artikel Erwartungen erheben und ein postoperatives Behandlungsergebnis einbeziehen. Die meisten Artikel untersuchen Erwartungen in der Baseline-Erhebung, um nachzuweisen, dass sich Gruppen in Gruppenvergleichen präoperativ nicht voneinander unterscheiden. Die Studien, die den Einfluss von Erwartungen prospektiv untersuchen, verwenden sehr unterschiedliche Messverfahren, um das Konstrukt „Erwartung“ zu erheben. Somit ist ein Vergleich zwischen den Studien schwer möglich. Es gibt wenige Studien, die untersuchen, ob und wie die Erwartungen perioperativ beeinflusst werden können, und die praxisrelevante Interventionen zu deren Veränderung entwickelt haben.SchlussfolgerungFür eine fundierte Untersuchung der Behandlungserwartung sollten in klinischen Studien valide und reliable Messverfahren verwendet werden. Weitere Studien sollten sich mit Interventionsmöglichkeiten auseinandersetzen, damit Behandlungserwartungen auch in die klinische Standardbehandlung einbezogen werden können.
Validity and interobserver agreement of a new radiographic grading system for intervertebral disc degeneration: Part III. Thoracic spine
Authors: Liebsch Christian , Tao Youping , Kienle Annette , Wilke Hans-Joachim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the validity and objectivity of a new quantitative radiographic grading system for thoracic intervertebral disc degeneration.

Methods
The new grading system involves the measurement variables “Height loss” and “Osteophyte formation”, which are determined from lateral radiographs, resulting in the “Overall degree of degeneration” on a four-point scale from 0 (no degeneration) to 3 (severe degeneration). Validation was performed by comparing the radiographic degrees of degeneration of 54 human intervertebral discs to the respective macroscopic degrees, which were defined as the “real” degrees of degeneration. Interobserver agreement was examined using radiographs of 135 human thoracic intervertebral discs. Agreement was quantified by means of quadratically weighted Kappa coefficients with 95% confidence limits (CL).

Results
Validation revealed almost perfect agreement between the radiographic and the macroscopic overall degrees of degeneration (Kappa 0.968, CL 0.944–0.991), while the macroscopic grades tended to be underestimated in low degeneration grades. Radiographic grading of two independent observers also exhibited almost perfect agreement (Kappa 0.883, CL 0.824–0.941) as well as tendencies towards rater-dependent differences in low degeneration grades.

Conclusion
The new quantitative radiographic grading scheme represents a valid, reliable, and almost objective method for assessing the degree of degeneration of individual thoracic intervertebral discs. Potential effects of interindividual variations and the radiographic superimposition of anatomical structures represent a limitation of this method should be taken into account when using the grading system for clinical and experimental purposes, especially with regard to specific morphological as well as patient- and donor-specific characteristics.
Cost-effectiveness evidence on approved cancer drugs in Ireland: the limits of data availability and implications for public accountability
Authors: Almajed Suaad , Alotaibi Nora , Zulfiqar Sana , Dhuhaibawi Zahraa , O’Rourke Niall , Gaule Richard , Byrne Caoimhe , Barry Aaron M. , Keeley Dylan , O’Mahony James F. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
We surveyed evidence published by Ireland’s National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics (NCPE) on the cost-effectiveness of cancer drugs approved for funding within the Irish public healthcare system. The purpose is threefold: to assess the completeness and clarity of publicly available cost-effectiveness data of such therapies; to provide summary estimates of that data; to consider the implications of constraints on data availability for accountability regarding healthcare resource allocation.

Methods
The National Cancer Control Programme lists 91 drug-indication pairs approved between June 2012 and July 2020. Records were retrieved from the NCPE website for each drug-indication pair, including, where available, health technology assessment (HTA) summary reports. We assessed what cost-effectiveness data regarding approved interventions is available, aggregated it and considered the consequences of reporting constraints.

Results
Among the 91 drug-indication pairs 61 were reimbursed following full HTA, 22 after a rapid review process and 8 have no corresponding NCPE record. Of the 61 where an HTA report was available, 41 presented costs and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) estimates of the interventions compared. Cost estimates and corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are based on prices on application for reimbursement. Reimbursed prices are not published. Aggregating over the drug-indication pairs for which data is available, we find a mean incremental health gain of 0.85 QALY and an aggregate ICER of €100,295/QALY, which exceeds Ireland’s cost-effectiveness threshold of €45,000/QALY.

Conclusion
Reimbursement applications by pharmaceutical manufacturers for cancer drugs typically exceed Ireland’s cost-effectiveness threshold, often by a considerable margin. On aggregate, the additional total net cost of new drugs relative to current treatments needs to be more than halved for the prices sought on application to be justified for reimbursement. Commercial confidentiality regarding prices and cost-effectiveness upon reimbursement compromises accountability regarding the fair and efficient allocation of scarce healthcare resources.
A Reliable Large Distributed Object Store Based Platform for Collecting Event Metadata
Authors: Fernández Casaní Álvaro , Orduña Juan M. , Sánchez Javier , González de la Hoz Santiago 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is about to enter its third run at unprecedented energies. The experiments at the LHC face computational challenges with enormous data volumes that need to be analysed by thousands of physics users. The ATLAS EventIndex project, currently running in production, builds a complete catalogue of particle collisions, or events, for the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The distributed nature of the experiment data model is exploited by running jobs at over one hundred Grid data centers worldwide. Millions of files with petabytes of data are indexed, extracting a small quantity of metadata per event, that is conveyed with a data collection system in real time to a central Hadoop instance at CERN. After a successful first implementation based on a messaging system, some issues suggested performance bottlenecks for the challenging higher rates in next runs of the experiment. In this work we characterize the weaknesses of the previous messaging system, regarding complexity, scalability, performance and resource consumption. A new approach based on an object-based storage method was designed and implemented, taking into account the lessons learned and leveraging the ATLAS experience with this kind of systems. We present the experiment that we run during three months in the real production scenario worldwide, in order to evaluate the messaging and object store approaches. The results of the experiment show that the new object-based storage method can efficiently support large-scale data collection for big data environments like the next runs of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC.
Ideological polarization and government debt
Authors: Melki Mickael , Pickering Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractModels of strategic debt predict that public debt increases with polarization, measured by the ideological distance between the government and its likely successor. Conversely if voters are both short-termist and also more likely to switch their vote for parties offering higher spending and public good provision when the electorate is ideologically concentrated, then debt can fall with polarization, measured by dispersion of ideological preferences in the electorate. Using time-varying polarization measures generated from ideology data from party manifestos, we find a sizable and statistically significant negative association between debt levels in OECD countries and ideological polarization in the electorate.
Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults
Authors: Moseley R. L. , Liu C. H. , Gregory N. J. , Smith P. , Baron-Cohen S. , Sui J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cognitive representation of oneself is central to other sociocognitive processes, including relations with others. It is reflected in faster, more accurate processing of self-relevant information, a “self-prioritisation effect” (SPE) which is inconsistent across studies in autism. Across two tasks with autistic and non-autistic participants, we explored the SPE and its relationship to autistic traits, mentalizing ability and loneliness. A SPE was intact in both groups, but together the two tasks suggested a reduced tendency of late-diagnosed autistic participants to differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar others and greater ease disengaging from the self-concept. Correlations too revealed a complex picture, which we attempt to explore and disentangle with reference to the inconsistency across self-processing studies in autism, highlighting implications for future research.
Cutoff Thermalization for Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Systems with Small Lévy Noise in the Wasserstein Distance
Authors: Barrera G. , Högele M. A. , Pardo J. C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article establishescutoff thermalization(also known as thecutoff phenomenon) for a class of generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck systems$$(X^\varepsilon _t(x))_{t\geqslant 0}$$(Xtε(x))t⩾0with$$\varepsilon $$ε-small additive Lévy noise and initial valuex. The driving noise processes include Brownian motion,$$\alpha $$α-stable Lévy flights, finite intensity compound Poisson processes, and red noises, and may be highly degenerate.Window cutoff thermalizationis shown under mild generic assumptions; that is, we see an asymptotically sharp$$\infty /0$$∞/0-collapse of the renormalized Wasserstein distance from the current state to the equilibrium measure$$\mu ^\varepsilon $$μεalong a time window centered on a precise$$\varepsilon $$ε-dependent time scale$$\mathfrak {t}_\varepsilon $$tε. In many interesting situations such as reversible (Lévy) diffusions it is possible to prove the existence of an explicit, universal, deterministiccutoff thermalization profile. That is, for generic initial dataxwe obtain the stronger result$$\mathcal {W}_p(X^\varepsilon _{t_\varepsilon + r}(x), \mu ^\varepsilon ) \cdot \varepsilon ^{-1} \rightarrow K\cdot e^{-q r}$$Wp(Xtε+rε(x),με)·ε-1→K·e-qrfor any$$r\in \mathbb {R}$$r∈Ras$$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ε→0for some spectral constants$$K, q>0$$K,q>0and any$$p\geqslant 1$$p⩾1whenever the distance is finite. The existence of this limit is characterized by the absence of non-normal growth patterns in terms of an orthogonality condition on a computable family of generalized eigenvectors of$$\mathcal {Q}$$Q. Precise error bounds are given. Using these results, this article provides a complete discussion of the cutoff phenomenon for the classical linear oscillator with friction subject to$$\varepsilon $$ε-small Brownian motion or$$\alpha $$α-stable Lévy flights. Furthermore, we cover the highly degenerate case of a linear chain of oscillators in a generalized heat bath at low temperature.
Animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2: calculable COVID-19 risk for older adults from animal to human transmission
Authors: Valencak Teresa G. , Csiszar Anna , Szalai Gabor , Podlutsky Andrej , Tarantini Stefano , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Papp Magor , Ungvari Zoltan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious respiratory pathogen SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has already claimed close to three million lives. SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic disease: it emerged from a bat reservoir and it can infect a number of agricultural and companion animal species. SARS-CoV-2 can cause respiratory and intestinal infections, and potentially systemic multi-organ disease, in both humans and animals. The risk for severe illness and death with COVID-19 significantly increases with age, with older adults at highest risk. To combat the pandemic and protect the most susceptible group of older adults, understanding the human-animal interface and its relevance to disease transmission is vitally important. Currently high infection numbers are being sustained via human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Yet, identifying potential animal reservoirs and potential vectors of the disease will contribute to stronger risk assessment strategies. In this review, the current information about SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals and the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 to humans through contact with domestic animals (including dogs, cats, ferrets, hamsters), agricultural animals (e.g., farmed minks), laboratory animals, wild animals (e.g., deer mice), and zoo animals (felines, non-human primates) are discussed with a special focus on reducing mortality in older adults.
Key Ideas on Mobility and Social Security after Brexit
Authors: Carrascosa Bermejo Dolores 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article provides a general understanding of the main aspects of mobility (no longer referred to as free movement) and social security coordination, in the Brexit international agreements that govern the relationship of the EU with the United Kingdom: the Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). The article shows that both topics, mobility (or migration) and social security coordination, were relevant to the origins of Brexit. Before analysing both Brexit Agreements, the article gives a comparative overview of them, considering their principal features and their relationship. The article then analyses the mobility and coordination of social security in each agreement from a practical perspective, giving examples and highlighting the significant differences in coverage that they generate for the different citizens included in their personal scope.
Formin Activity and mDia1 Contribute to Maintain Axon Initial Segment Composition and Structure
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ciorraga María , Mendez Pablo , Retana Diana , Boumedine-Guignon Norah , Achón Beatriz , Russier Michaël , Debanne Dominique , Garrido Juan José 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is essential for maintaining neuronal polarity, modulating protein transport into the axon, and action potential generation. These functions are supported by a distinctive actin and microtubule cytoskeleton that controls axonal trafficking and maintains a high density of voltage-gated ion channels linked by scaffold proteins to the AIS cytoskeleton. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms and proteins involved in AIS cytoskeleton regulation to maintain or modulate AIS structure is limited. In this context, formins play a significant role in the modulation of actin and microtubules. We show that pharmacological inhibition of formins modifies AIS actin and microtubule characteristics in cultured hippocampal neurons, reducing F-actin density and decreasing microtubule acetylation. Moreover, formin inhibition diminishes sodium channels, ankyrinG and βIV-spectrin AIS density, and AIS length, in cultured neurons and brain slices, accompanied by decreased neuronal excitability. We show that genetic downregulation of the mDia1 formin by interference RNAs also decreases AIS protein density and shortens AIS length. The ankyrinG decrease and AIS shortening observed in pharmacologically inhibited neurons and neuron-expressing mDia1 shRNAs were impaired by HDAC6 downregulation or EB1-GFP expression, known to increase microtubule acetylation or stability. However, actin stabilization only partially prevented AIS shortening without affecting AIS protein density loss. These results suggest that mDia1 maintain AIS composition and length contributing to the stability of AIS microtubules.
Individual differences in need satisfaction and intentions to vote for specific political parties – results from Germany
Authors: Sindermann Cornelia , Montag Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the psychological basis of individuals' voting intentions is of tremendous importance because voting for specific parties and politicians can influence political developments. In the present study associations of individuals’ satisfaction of each of Maslow’s five basic need categories with voting intentions were investigated in a German sample and these results were compared to results on associations between personality and voting intentions. An online survey was completed by N = 2593 (n = 1035 men) individuals. Participants provided information on socio-demographic characteristics, filled in the Need Satisfaction Inventory, the Big Five Inventory, and stated which of the major German parties they would vote for if general elections were held the following Sunday. Data were analyzed using the statistical software R and RStudio. Among others, it was found that higher satisfaction of physiological needs and higher satisfaction of safety and security needs were associated with intentions to vote for the currently governing party alliance, the CDU/CSU, versus for the right-wing AfD. Regarding personality, among others Openness was positively associated with intentions to vote for nearly every party (except the CDU/CSU) versus for the AfD. Effect sizes of associations were overall rather small; generally speaking, those related to the Need Satisfaction Inventory were even slightly smaller than those found for personality traits. The present results indicate that other factors aside from needs and personality must be considered to understand voting. Therefore, this study sets a starting point for further investigations to replicate and expand the present findings.
Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in females with fibromyalgia
Authors: Luque-Reca Octavio , Gillanders David , Catala Patricia , Peñacoba Cecilia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCognitive fusion, or the degree to which a person is entangled with their thoughts and takes them literally, is considered a normal yet detrimental cognitive process associated with diverse negative outcomes across healthy and disordered functioning, including in fibromyalgia. Given the relevance of this cognitive process, the aim of the present study is to generate empirical evidence on the reliability and validity of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) in a sample of Spanish females with fibromyalgia. In this cross-sectional study, 230 Spanish females diagnosed with fibromyalgia (mean age 56.89 years; SD = 8.96) were assessed on cognitive fusion, pain catastrophizing, personality traits, positive and negative affect, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and disease severity. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity analyses were performed. The CFQ showed a unidimensional structure, adequate temporal stability and good internal consistency. In addition, convergent and discriminant validity were found with respect to dispositional, pain-related, affective, mood and anxious measures; as well as incremental and criterion validity in the prediction of psychological symptoms or the disease severity status. The CFQ has been revealed as a solid and valid measure in the evaluation of cognitive fusion in Spanish females suffering from fibromyalgia, and may also be useful in clinical contexts due to the relationships it has shown with important outcomes. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Influences of Shot Peening Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Behavior of 316 L Steel: Experimental, Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Maleki Erfan , Unal Okan , Reza Kashyzadeh Kazem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSevere plastic deformation methods like shot peening (SP) are known as efficient surface treatments and grain refining processes which afford more effective properties in metallic materials. In the current research, a comprehensive study was carried out on SP of AISI 316 L steel. It included 42 different SP treatments with a wide range of Almen intensities of 12–27 A and various coverage degrees (100%–1500%). Several experimental tests were conducted in order to explore the microstructure, grain size, surface topography, hardness, wettability, and residual stresses of the specimens. Next, two different approaches including Taguchi method (TM), and response surface methodology (RSM) were deployed for modeling, analysis, and optimization. RSM and TM were used to examine the influence of the effective parameters. Based on the optimized results, the fatigue behavior of the selected treatments was investigated experimentally in both smooth and notched specimens.
Graphical abstract
The Contribution of Evolutionary Game Theory to Understanding and Treating Cancer
Authors: Wölfl Benjamin , te Rietmole Hedy , Salvioli Monica , Kaznatcheev Artem , Thuijsman Frank , Brown Joel S. , Burgering Boudewijn , Staňková Kateřina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvolutionary game theory mathematically conceptualizes and analyzes biological interactions where one’s fitness not only depends on one’s own traits, but also on the traits of others. Typically, the individuals are not overtly rational and do not select, but rather inherit their traits. Cancer can be framed as such an evolutionary game, as it is composed of cells of heterogeneous types undergoing frequency-dependent selection. In this article, we first summarize existing works where evolutionary game theory has been employed in modeling cancer and improving its treatment. Some of these game-theoretic models suggest how one could anticipate and steer cancer’s eco-evolutionary dynamics into states more desirable for the patient via evolutionary therapies. Such therapies offer great promise for increasing patient survival and decreasing drug toxicity, as demonstrated by some recent studies and clinical trials. We discuss clinical relevance of the existing game-theoretic models of cancer and its treatment, and opportunities for future applications. Moreover, we discuss the developments in cancer biology that are needed to better utilize the full potential of game-theoretic models. Ultimately, we demonstrate that viewing tumors with evolutionary game theory has medically useful implications that can inform and create a lockstep between empirical findings and mathematical modeling. We suggest that cancer progression is an evolutionary competition between different cell types and therefore needs to be viewed as an evolutionary game.