bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourism and symbolic power: Leveraging social media with the stance of disavowal
Authors: Smith Sean P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial media use has become a common feature of contemporary tourism, yet in face‐to‐face interactions tourists often distance themselves from online engagement. Drawing on interviews collected at a popular tourism site in Myanmar (Burma), tourists are found to recurrently take a stance of disavowal regarding social media use, downplaying and rationalizing their engagement or locating a tourist out‐group against which their own behavior can be favorably compared. This case study of stancetaking regarding social media use reveals the dynamics of tourism's longstanding function as a distinction‐making practice, with social media use but one of many behaviors that tourists critically evaluate in the pursuit of symbolic capital. As tourism becomes increasingly integral to the global maintenance of class status, focusing on the production of symbolic power in tourism raises critical questions about entanglements with industry and the accumulation of material capital.
Influence of visual appearance on consumer perception of spiciness in kimchi
Authors: Chon Seo‐yeong , Yoon Sora , Ha Jeehyoung , Kim Mina K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of appearance on consumer perception of spiciness in kimchi. Three kimchi samples with different levels of red pepper powder (1.5, 3, 6%; K1, K2, K3) were prepared. A 2‐day consumer testing was conducted with 2 weeks interval and participants (n = 108) evaluated kimchi with (Day 1) and without (Day 2) blindfold. Day 1 experiment was conducted without providing appearance about the kimchi sample by covering the eyes of the participants using the eye patch, and Day 2 experiment was conducted by allowing the participants to see and evaluate the kimchi sample directly without covering their eyes and evaluated. When evaluated with blindfold, no differences were observed in all liking attributes (p > .05) except for overall liking score, indicating decreased sensitivities without appearance. When evaluated without blindfold, K1 received lowest appearance and color liking scores than other samples (p < .05). Regarding spiciness liking, interaction between sample and evaluation condition was observed in which spiciness liking of K1 was lower in informed condition in comparison to blind evaluation (p < .05), while spiciness liking of other samples was higher under informed condition. Appearance‐related attributes such as color of kimchi may influence the overall and spiciness perception of kimchi. Finding from this study emphasizes the importance of appearance on consumer acceptability of spiciness in kimchi. Therefore, the results of this study will be able to identify the color and the amount of red pepper powder that consumers prefer and be used in manufacturing.Practical applicationsSpiciness is one of the key sensory characteristics in kimchi, and capsaicin in red pepper powder as part of ingredient is responsible for spiciness. However, measuring pungent spiciness in kimchi is heavily dependent on instrumental analysis of capsaicin content; therefore, consideration on human perception on spiciness in complex food matrix was not fully considered. This study focused on consumer perception on spiciness in kimchi in different evaluation condition and found that the appearance may influence consumer perception of pungent spiciness in kimchi. Finding from this study suggests the importance of human factors in evaluation of pungent spiciness in kimchi.
Nominalist visualities and classical social theory: An examination of Durkheim and Weber
Authors: Datta Ronjon Paul , Hanemaayer Ariane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper elucidates a range of the potentials and limitations of nominalist sensibilities in social theory through an examination of their presence in Durkheim and Weber. Nominalism, which emerged in early modern western thought, holds that only individual particular cases exist and that there are no universals or generalities beyond mentally or linguistically constructed concepts; it also introduced new conceptions of will and voluntarism. Nominalism was variously transposed into classical social theories including those of Durkheim and Weber. In our theoretical methodology, we assess tensions between nominalist and realist visualities and modes of reasoning in their works. We conclude by discussing assessments of nominalism, attending to its enduring critical contributions while also explicating a reflexive critique of nominalism as mimetic of chaotic and pathological forms of social organisation.
Woody species have stronger facilitative effects on soil biota than on plants along an aridity gradient
Authors: Xie Lina , Soliveres Santiago , Allan Eric , Zhang Guogang , Man Liang , Mei Xufang , Li Ying , Wang Yuetang , Ma Chengcang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractQuestionsWoody‐shrub encroachment affects community structure and composition. However, most studies focus on their effects on understorey plant communities, and the relative importance of shrubs in affecting plants vs soil biota communities is poorly known.LocationInner Mongolian Steppe, China.MethodsWe examined the effect of shrubs on multiple community attributes, including plants, soil biota (bacteria, fungi and nematodes), and soil fertility, and quantified how these effects changed from semi‐arid to hyperarid conditions (from 281 mm to 110 mm of mean annual precipitation). In addition, we assessed whether the effects of shrubs on plant communities were directly mediated by biotic filtering in seed germination and establishment, or indirectly mediated by plant biomass or soil fertility in the case of soil organisms.ResultsThe effect of shrubs on soil biota was generally more positive than on plants, and it increased with aridity. We found that a larger proportion of below‐ground taxa depended on shrub presence (36%) than plants (20%). Soil nematodes and soil bacteria were directly influenced by shrub presence whereas soil fungi were indirectly influenced by enhanced soil fertility. Shrubs also increased plant biomass under all conditions but only increased plant species richness in the most arid conditions. Despite the generally positive effect of shrubs, and the fact that they weakened the filtering effects of aridity on seed germination, aridity was a stronger predictor of changes in species composition than shrub presence was, particularly for plants.ConclusionsOur results illustrate the variety of positive effects of shrubs and show that they are particularly important in supporting biodiversity in the most arid conditions. These strong and positive effects could partially buffer the impacts of increasing aridity on dryland soil biodiversity, but our study suggests that facilitative interactions may not be able to completely mitigate the impacts of increasing aridity on drylands.
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS METHODS ON PROJECT DECISION-MAKING IN AIRPORT PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mohammed Zaki Buhaaldeen , Babashamsi Peyman , Shahrir Aini Hazwani , Milad Abdalrhman , Abdullah Noor Halizah , Abdul Hassan Norhidayah , Md. Yusoff Nur Izzi 
Published: April 2021

Airports are a part of the world transportation network. Huge investments are made annually for airport pavement construction, maintenances and rehabilitations. The idea of integrating life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) is the latest approach to develop a method for assessing pavement sustainability. In this regard, research on economic evaluation analysis methods has resulted in the development and improvement of pavement management systems (PMS). This paper compares two main economic evaluations which mainly could use in LCCA namely net future value (NFV) and net present Value (NPV). To indicate the effect of economic evaluation a case study is examined. In this research LCCA comprises three main components which are direct costs, indirect costs, and salvage value. Airport Revenue Reduction Cost (ARRC) and Airline Delay Cost (ADC) considered as two specific indirect/user costs. The results show the impact of different economic analysis method on project decision-making where the use of crack sealing overlay (CSOL) is 35.8% and 28.3% more cost-effective than Portland cement concrete (PCC) and hot-mix asphalt (HMA), respectively.
Divergent immunometabolic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with ageing in healthy humans
Authors: Trim William V. , Walhin Jean‐Philippe , Koumanov Françoise , Bouloumié Anne , Lindsay Mark A. , Chen Yung‐Chih , Travers Rebecca L. , Turner James E. , Thompson Dylan 
Published: April 2021

Key pointsAgeing is associated with increased systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction that contributes to the development of age‐associated diseases.The role of adipose tissue in immunometabolic alterations that take place with ageing is unknown in humans.We show, in healthy, active and lean older adults, that adipose tissue, but not skeletal muscle, displays considerable pro‐inflammatory transcriptomic, cellular and secretory changes, as well as a reduction in insulin signalling proteins compared to younger adults.These findings indicate that adipose tissue undergoes substantial immunometabolic alterations with ageing, and that these changes are tissue‐specific and more profound than those observed in skeletal muscle or in the circulation.These results identify adipose tissue as an important tissue in the biological ageing process in humans, which may exhibit signs of immunometabolic dysfunction prior to systemic manifestation.AbstractAgeing and obesity are both characterized by inflammation and a deterioration in metabolic health. It is now clear that adipose tissue plays a major role in inflammation and metabolic control in obesity, although little is known about the role of adipose tissue in human ageing. To understand how ageing impacts adipose tissue, we characterized subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle samples from twelve younger (27 ± 4 years [Young]) and twelve older (66 ± 5 years [Old]) active/non‐obese males. We performed a wide‐range of whole‐body and tissue measures, including RNA‐sequencing and multicolour flow cytometry. We also measured a range of inflammatory and metabolic proteins in the circulation and their release by adipose tissue,ex vivo. Both adipose tissue and muscle had ∼2‐fold more immune cells per gram of tissue with ageing. In adipose tissue, this immune cell infiltration was driven by increased memory/effector T‐cells, whereas, in muscle, the accumulation was driven by memory/effector T‐cells and macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that, with ageing, adipose tissue, but not muscle, was enriched for inflammatory transcripts/pathways related to acquired and innate immunity. Ageing also increased the adipose tissue pro‐inflammatory secretory profile. Insulin signalling protein content was reduced in adipose tissue, but not muscle. Our findings indicate that adipose tissue undergoes substantial immunometabolic changes with ageing in humans, and that these changes are tissue‐specific and more profound than those observed in the circulation and skeletal muscle.
Breakup reactions and their ambiguities
Authors: Gómez-Ramos M. , Obertelli A. , Sun Y. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe review the ambiguities in the nuclear information extracted from breakup reactions, focusing on those originating from the description of the reaction mechanism and the overall ambiguity inherent to their interpretation in terms of shell occupancies. We present the current discussion about nucleon knockout reactions and how the understanding of the reaction mechanism would help reducing uncertainties. For the former, we consider the case of $$^{11}$$

11

Li, due to the existing large data set. For the latter, we recall the paradigmatic example of the electro-dissociation of the deuteron to address the question of the scale and scheme dependence from the theoretical framework used for the interpretation.
Masses and decay constants of (axial-)vector mesons at finite chemical potential
Authors: Gunkel Pascal J. , Fischer Christian S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe update our previous results for (pseudo-)scalar mesons at zero temperature and finite quark chemical potential and generalize the investigation to include (axial-)vector mesons. We determine bound-state properties such as meson masses and decay constants up to chemical potentials far in the first-order coexistence region. To extract the bound-states properties, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation and utilize Landau-gauge quark and gluon propagators obtained from a coupled set of (truncated) Dyson-Schwinger equations with $$N_{\text{ f }}=2+1$$

N

f

=
2
+
1

dynamical quark flavors at finite chemical potential and vanishing temperature. For multiple (pseudo-)scalar and (axial-)vector mesons, we observe constant masses and decay constants for chemical potentials up to the coexistence region of the first-order phase transition thus verifying explicitly the Silver-Blaze property of QCD. Inside the coexistence region the pion becomes more massive and its decay constants decrease, whereas corresponding quantities for the (axial-)vector mesons remain (almost) constant.
1 + 3 covariant perturbations in power-law f(R) gravity
Authors: Murorunkwere Beatrice , Ntahompagaze Joseph , Jurua Edward 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe applied the 1+3 covariant approach around the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) background, together with the equivalence between f(R) gravity and scalar-tensor theory to study cosmological perturbations. We defined the gradient variables in the 1 + 3 covariant approach which we used to derive a set of evolution equations. Harmonic decomposition was applied to partial differential equations to obtain ordinary differential equations used to analyse the behavior of the perturbation quantities. We focused on dust dominated area and the perturbation equations were applied to background solution of $$\alpha R+\beta R^{n}$$

α
R
+
β

R
n

model, n being a positive constant. The transformation of the perturbation equations into redshift dependence was done. After numerical solutions, it was found that the evolution of energy-density perturbations in a dust-dominated universe for different values of n decays with increasing redshift.
A Trust from the Ancestors: Islamic Ethics and Local Tradition in a Syncretistic Ritual in East-Central Sulawesi
Authors: Szombathy Zoltán 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Molabot Tumpe is a unique traditional ritual that binds together Batui and Banggai, two geographically distant Muslim communities of East-Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The ritual consists of an annual offering of maleo bird eggs by the inhabitants of Batui to the élite of the old Banggai sultanate. Originating in tribute-giving ceremonies and ancestral cults, the purpose of the ritual is now understood and explained in thoroughly Islamised ethical terms. However, both the general purpose and the precise details of the ritual have been contested by environmentalists, by part of the traditional local élite, and by proponents of Islamic reformism, the last of whom question the accepted interpretation of the ritual’s purpose, as well as its moral foundations, and object to crucial elements of the ceremonies, especially the idea of possession by ancestral spirits. Besides giving an ethnographic description of the ritual, the article addresses the general issue of religious syncretism in Islam.
Ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer with simultaneous boost to the dominant intraprostatic lesion: a plan comparison
Authors: Cambria Raffaella , Ciardo Delia , Bazani Alessia , Pansini Floriana , Rondi Elena , Maestri Davide , Zerini Dario , Marvaso Giulia , Romanelli Pola , Timon Giorgia , Fodor Cristiana , Petralia Giuseppe , Alessi Sarah , Pricolo Paola , Vischioni Barbara , Fossati Piero , Molinelli Sivia , Russo Stefania , Ciocca Mario , De Cobelli Ottavio , Renne Giuseppe , Orecchia Roberto , Cattani Federica , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara A. 
Published: April 2021

Objective: To compare different stereotactic body techniques—intensity-modulated radiotherapy with photons and protons, applied to radiotherapy of prostatic cancer—with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) on the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL). Methods: Ten patients were selected for this planning study. Dosimetric results were compared between volumetric modulated arc therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and intensity-modulated proton therapy both with two (IMPT 2F) and five fields (IMPT 5F) planning while applying the prescription schemes of 7.25 Gy/fraction to the prostate gland and 7.5 Gy/fraction to the DIL in 5 fractions. Results: Comparison of the coverages of the planning target volumes showed that small differences exist. The IMPT-2F-5F techniques allowed higher doses in the targets; conformal indexes resulted similar; homogeneity was better in the photon techniques (2%–5%). Regarding the organs at risk, all the techniques were able to maintain the dose well below the prescribed constraints: in the rectum, the IMPT-2F-5F and IMRT were more efficient in lowering the intermediate doses; in the bladder, the median dose was significantly better in the case of IMPT (2F–5F). In the urethra, the best sparing was achieved only by IMPT-5F. Conclusions: Stereotactic radiotherapy with SIB for localized prostate cancer is feasible with all the investigated techniques. Concerning IMPT, the two-beam technique does not seem to have a greater advantage compared to the standard techniques; the 5-beam technique seems more promising also accounting for the range uncertainty.
Does endometrioma surgery affect assisted reproductive technologies cycle outcome in patients with decreased ovarian reserve diagnosed by Bologna criteria?
Authors: Kahyaoglu Inci , Gülerman Cavidan , Yılmaz Nafiye , Ceran Mehmet Ufuk , Ozgu-Erdinc Ayşe Seval , Kahyaoglu Serkan , Bardakcı Yesim , Engin Üstün Yaprak 
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Data regarding whether the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcome of patients with decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) secondary to an endometrioma surgery differs from that of patients with DOR secondary to other etiologies is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the ART outcomes of DOR patients diagnosed by Bologna criteria secondary to a previous endometrioma surgery with DOR patients without a history of an endometrioma surgery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the assisted reproduction unit of a tertiary research and education hospital. Medical records of the patients with DOR were reviewed retrospectively. Group I included 23 cycles of DOR patients secondary to a previous endometrioma surgery and Group II consisted of 260 cycles of DOR patients without a history of endometrioma surgery. Results: No significant difference was demonstrated between groups regarding demographic features except for the age (32 (24–41) in Group I vs 35 (23–47) in Group II, p = 0.031). The data comparing the controlled ovarian stimulation parameters and ART outcomes showed similar results in both groups. No statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding pregnancy rates per transfer (23% vs 22.2 %) and per cycle (13% vs 15.4%) ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Cycle outcomes of DOR patients secondary to an endometrioma surgery did not differ from that of DOR without an endometrioma surgery history.
Platelet MHC class I mediates CD8+ T-cell suppression during sepsis
Authors: Guo Li , Shen Sikui , Rowley Jesse W. , Tolley Neal D. , Jia Wenwen , Manne Bhanu Kanth , McComas Kyra N. , Bolingbroke Ben , Kosaka Yasuhiro , Krauel Krystin , Denorme Frederik , Jacob Shancy P. , Eustes Alicia S. , Campbell Robert A. , Middleton Elizabeth A. , He Xiao , Brown Samuel M. , Morrell Craig N. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Rondina Matthew T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCirculating platelets interact with leukocytes to modulate host immune and thrombotic responses. In sepsis, platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased and have been associated with adverse clinical events, including increased platelet–T-cell interactions. Sepsis is associated with reduced CD8+ T-cell numbers and functional responses, but whether platelets regulate CD8+ T-cell responses during sepsis remains unknown. In our current study, we systemically evaluated platelet antigen internalization and presentation through major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and their effects on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in sepsis in vivo and ex vivo. We discovered that both human and murine platelets internalize and proteolyze exogenous antigens, generating peptides that are loaded onto MHC-I. The expression of platelet MHC-I, but not platelet MHC-II, is significantly increased in human and murine platelets during sepsis and in human megakaryocytes stimulated with agonists generated systemically during sepsis (eg, interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide). Upregulation of platelet MHC-I during sepsis increases antigen cross-presentation and interactions with CD8+ T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Using a platelet lineage–specific MHC-I–deficient mouse strain (B2Mf/f-Pf4Cre), we demonstrate that platelet MHC-I regulates antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the number and functional responses of CD8+ T cells in vivo, during sepsis. Loss of platelet MHC-I reduces sepsis-associated mortality in mice in an antigen-specific setting. These data identify a new mechanism by which platelets, through MHC-I, process and cross-present antigens, engage antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and regulate CD8+ T-cell numbers, functional responses, and outcomes during sepsis.
RNF217 regulates iron homeostasis through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity by modulating ferroportin degradation
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Jiaming , Wang Kai , Wang Hao , Wu Qian , Yang Cong , Yu Yingying , Ni Pu , Zhong Yueyang , Song Zijun , Xie Enjun , Hu Ronggui , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Ferroportin (FPN), the body’s sole iron exporter, is essential for maintaining systemic iron homeostasis. In response to either increased iron or inflammation, hepatocyte-secreted hepcidin binds to FPN, inducing its internalization and subsequent degradation. However, the E3 ubiquitin ligase that underlies FPN degradation has not been identified. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a novel mechanism involving the RNF217-mediated degradation of FPN. A combination of 2 different E3 screens revealed that the Rnf217 gene is a target of Tet1, mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of FPN. Interestingly, loss of Tet1 expression causes an accumulation of FPN and an impaired response to iron overload, manifested by increased iron accumulation in the liver together with decreased iron in the spleen and duodenum. Moreover, we found that the degradation and ubiquitination of FPN could be attenuated by mutating RNF217. Finally, using 2 conditional knockout mouse lines, we found that knocking out Rnf217 in macrophages increases splenic iron export by stabilizing FPN, whereas knocking out Rnf217 in intestinal cells appears to increase iron absorption. These findings suggest that the Tet1-RNF217-FPN axis regulates iron homeostasis, revealing new therapeutic targets for FPN-related diseases.