bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of variables in AdS/CFT: functional approach for the fishnet CFT
Authors: Cavaglià Andrea , Gromov Nikolay , Levkovich-Maslyuk Fedor 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The major simplification in a number of quantum integrable systems is the existence of special coordinates in which the eigenstates take a factorised form. Despite many years of studies, the basis realising the separation of variables (SoV) remains unknown in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM and similar models, even though it is widely believed they are integrable. In this paper we initiate the SoV approach for observables with nontrivial coupling dependence in a close cousin of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM — the fishnet 4D CFT. We develop the functional SoV formalism in this theory, which allows us to compute non-perturbatively some nontrivial observables in a form suitable for numerical evaluation. We present some applications of these methods. In particular, we discuss the possible SoV structure of the one-point correlators in presence of a defect, and write down a SoV-type expression for diagonal OPE coefficients involving an arbitrary state and the Lagrangian density operator. We believe that many of the findings of this paper can be applied in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM case, as we speculate in the last part of the article.
Products and polarizations of super-isolated abelian varieties
Authors: Marseglia Stefano , Scholl Travis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study super-isolated abelian varieties, that is, abelian varieties over finite fields whose isogeny class contains a single isomorphism class. The goal of this paper is to (1) characterize whether a product of super-isolated varieties is super-isolated, and (2) characterize which super-isolated abelian varieties admit principal polarizations, and how many up to polarized isomorphisms.
Prediction Model for Failure of Nonoperative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Adults
Authors: Kobayashi Toshimichi , Hidaka Eiji , Koganezawa Itsuki , Nakagawa Masashi , Yokozuka Kei , Ochiai Sigeto , Gunji Takahiro , Ozawa Yosuke , Hikita Kosuke , Sano Toru , Tomita Koichi , Tabuchi Satoshi , Chiba Naokazu , Kawachi Sigeyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrediction of failure of nonoperative management (NOM) in uncomplicated appendicitis (UA) is difficult. This study aimed to establish a new prediction model for NOM failure in UA.MethodsWe included 141 adults with UA who received NOM as initial treatment. NOM failure was defined as conversion to operation during hospitalization. Independent predictors of NOM failure were identified using logistic regression analysis. A prediction model was established based on these independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were used to assess the discrimination and calibration of the model, respectively, and risk stratification using the model was performed.ResultsAmong 141 patients, NOM was successful in 120 and unsuccessful in 21. Male sex, maximal diameter of the appendix, and the presence of fecalith were identified as independent predictors of NOM failure for UA. A prediction model with scores ranging from 0 to 3 was established using the three variables (male sex, maximal diameter of the appendix ≥ 15 mm, and the presence of fecalith). The area under the ROC curve for the new prediction model was 0.778, and the model had good calibration (P = 0.476). A score of 2 yielded a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 90.8%. Patients were stratified into low (0–1), moderate (2), and high (3) risk categories, which had NOM rates of 5.2%, 47.1%, and 77.8%, respectively.ConclusionsOur prediction model may predict NOM failure in UA with good diagnostic accuracy and help surgeons select appropriate treatments.
Complement in metabolic disease: metaflammation and a two-edged sword
Authors: King B. C. , Blom A. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe are currently experiencing an enduring global epidemic of obesity and diabetes. It is now understood that chronic low-grade tissue inflammation plays an important role in metabolic disease, brought upon by increased uptake of a so-called Western diet, and a more sedentary lifestyle. Many evolutionarily conserved links exist between metabolism and the immune system, and an imbalance in this system induced by chronic over-nutrition has been termed ‘metaflammation’. The complement system is an important and evolutionarily ancient part of innate immunity, but recent work has revealed that complement not only is involved in the recognition of pathogens and induction of inflammation, but also plays important roles in cellular and tissue homeostasis. Complement can therefore contribute both positively and negatively to metabolic control, depending on the nature and anatomical site of its activity. This review will therefore focus on the interactions of complement with mechanisms and tissues relevant for metabolic control, obesity and diabetes.
Cardiac autonomic function and cognitive performance in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hämmerle Peter , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Springer Anne , Eken Ceylan , Coslovsky Michael , Dutilh Gilles , Moschovitis Giorgio , Rodondi Nicolas , Chocano Patricia , Conen David , Osswald Stefan , Kühne Michael , Zuern Christine S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with loss of cognition and dementia. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been linked to cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate if reduced cardiac autonomic function (CAF) is associated with cognitive impairment in AF patients.

Methods
Patients with paroxysmal, persistent and permanent AF were enrolled from a multicenter cohort study if they had AF (“AF group”) or sinus rhythm (“SR group”) on a baseline 5 min ECG recording. Parameters quantifying CAF (heart rate variability triangular index (HRVI), mean heart rate (MHR), RMSSD, SDNN, total power and power in the VLF, LF, HF ranges) were calculated. We used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess global cognitive function.

Results
1685 AF patients with a mean age of 73 ± 8 years, 29% females, were included. MoCA score was 24.5 ± 3.2 in the AF group (N = 710 patients) and 25.4 ± 3.2 in the SR group (N = 975 patients). After adjusting for multiple confounders, lower HRVI was associated with lower MoCA scores, both in the SR group [β = 0.049; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.016–0.081; p = 0.003] and in the AF group (β = 0.068; 95% CI 0.020–0.116; p = 0.006). In the AF group, higher MHR was associated with a poorer performance in the MoCA (β =  − 0.008; 95% CI − 0.014 to − 0.002; p = 0.014). We found no convincing evidence of association for other CAF parameters with cognition.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that impaired CAF is associated with worse cognitive performance in patients with AF. Among standard HRV parameters, HRVI might be the most promising ECG index.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02105844.

Graphic abstract
Polit-ökonomische Aspekte des Berichts zur Lage der Verbraucher:innen
Authors: Wagner Gert G. 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Sachverständigenrat für Verbraucherfragen hat erstmals ein breit angelegtes Gutachten zur Lage der Verbraucher:innen in Deutschland vorgelegt. Gert G. Wagner, Mitglied im Sachverständigenrat für Verbraucherfragen, stellt aus seiner persönlichen Sicht ausgewählte Analysen, Ergebnisse und Empfehlungen vor. Über das Gutachten hinausgehend wird auch auf relevante Ereignisse hingewiesen, die nach Abschluss des Gutachtens stattfanden: die Vorlage des EU-Verordnungsvorschlags „Artificial Intelligence Act“, das Klimaschutz-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und der Gesetzentwurf zum autonomen Fahren.
Aluminum-free glass ionomer cements containing 45S5 Bioglass® and its bioglass-ceramic
Authors: Zandi Karimi Alireza , Rezabeigi Ehsan , Drew Robin A. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the incorporation of bioactive glasses into glass ionomer cements (GICs) has led to promising results, using a bioactive glass as the only solid component of GICs has never been investigated. In this study, we developed an Al-free GIC with standard compressive strength using various combinations of 45S5 Bioglass® and its glass-ceramic as the solid component. The glass-ceramic particles with 74% crystallinity were used for this purpose as they can best act as both remineralizing and reinforcing agents. Strengthening mechanisms including crack deflection and crack-tip shielding were activated for the GICs containing 50–50 wt% bioglass and bioglass-ceramic as the optimum ratio. The progression of the GIC setting reaction at its early stages was also monitored and verified. We also discussed that our bimodal particle size distribution containing both micron- and nanosized particles may enhance the packing density and integrity of the structure of the cements after setting. In such GICs produced in this study, the toxic effects of Al are avoided while chemical bonds are expected to form between the cement and the surrounding hard tissue(s) through interfacial biomineralization and adhesion.
Mask-R$$^{2}$$CNN: a distance-field regression version of Mask-RCNN for fetal-head delineation in ultrasound images
Authors: Moccia Sara , Fiorentino Maria Chiara , Frontoni Emanuele 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
Fetal head-circumference (HC) measurement from ultrasound (US) images provides useful hints for assessing fetal growth. Such measurement is performed manually during the actual clinical practice, posing issues relevant to intra- and inter-clinician variability. This work presents a fully automatic, deep-learning-based approach to HC delineation, which we named Mask-R$$^{2}$$

2

CNN. It advances our previous work in the field and performs HC distance-field regression in an end-to-end fashion, without requiring a priori HC localization nor any postprocessing for outlier removal.

Methods
Mask-R$$^{2}$$

2

CNN follows the Mask-RCNN architecture, with a backbone inspired by feature-pyramid networks, a region-proposal network and the ROI align. The Mask-RCNN segmentation head is here modified to regress the HC distance field.

Results
Mask-R$$^{2}$$

2

CNN was tested on the HC18 Challenge dataset, which consists of 999 training and 335 testing images. With a comprehensive ablation study, we showed that Mask-R$$^{2}$$

2

CNN achieved a mean absolute difference of 1.95 mm (standard deviation $$=\pm 1.92$$

=
±
1.92

mm), outperforming other approaches in the literature.

Conclusions
With this work, we proposed an end-to-end model for HC distance-field regression. With our experimental results, we showed that Mask-R$$^{2}$$

2

CNN may be an effective support for clinicians for assessing fetal growth.
The contribution of Geomatics to increase safety and security in ports
Authors: Soldani Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the advantages achievable from the use of two prototype systems that are being developed to increase safety and security in ports are shown. Both systems start by monitoring environmental parameters in harbors, and then process data acquired. The first system has been conceived to be helpful to port communities (port authorities, pilots) to optimize harbor waterside management (ship’s navigation and cargo, dock performances, boat moorings, refloating of stranded ships, water quality control). By monitoring and processing sea level and atmospheric pressure in port areas, it can help port communities, e.g., to choose the best time when a ship with a certain draft can enter or leave a harbor, or to plan the best route inside the basin for that vessel (port safety). The second system, instead, has been designed for port protection purposes: by monitoring and processing the Earth’s magnetic field below the sea surface in harbors (where the natural field is disturbed by a high artificial component), it is able to detect the possible presence of intruders (e.g., divers) swimming underwater in prohibited areas (port security). Here, the results of monitoring and processing activities of the two systems performed in Livorno and La Spezia harbors are shown (Italy). The processing procedures and the graphical interfaces of the systems are based on applications under development by the research team the author belongs to, by using C# and C++ languages; Matlab environment has been employed for simulations.
UN Guiding Principles at 10: Permeating Narratives or Yet Another Silo?
Authors: JÄGERS Nicola 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe endorsement of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) triggered a remarkable process accelerating the recognition of human rights responsibilities for corporations in law and governance. Perhaps even more important is the emergence of an authoritative narrative on business and human rights (BHR), which arguably has the potential to overcome the often-fragmented approach to global issues. This article discusses the degree to which the BHR narrative has been able to penetrate competing powerful narratives that shape societal and regulatory responses. To what extent is the need to address the responsibility and accountability of corporations for human rights violations acknowledged? This is an especially pertinent question where it concerns imminent major global challenges such as climate change, which poses one of the greatest threats to human rights. Two major milestones of the last decade in the area of (environmental) sustainability are analysed: the Paris Climate Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. What role does the BHR narrative play in this context?
“I think Canadians look like all sorts of people”: ethnicity, political leadership, and the case of Jagmeet Singh
Authors: Bouchard Joanie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch into the impact of a politician's sociodemographic profile on vote choice in Westminster-style systems has been hindered by the relative sociodemographic homogeneity of party leaders. Past research has focused mainly on the evaluation of local candidates in the American context, but given that elections in plurality systems are far less candidate-oriented , the evaluation of local candidates tells us little about the prevalence of affinity or discrimination in other contexts. This article investigates the effect of political leaders' ethnicity on political behavior by looking at the case of Jagmeet Singh in Canada, the first federal party leader of color in the country's history. While the literature has shown that the gender of leaders in Canada can matter, little is known about the attitudes of Canadians toward party leaders of color specifically. We are interested in the evaluations of Singh and his party, as well as the shifts in voting intentions between elections in 2015 and 2019. We uncover affinity-based behaviors from individuals who identify as Sikh, as well as a negative reception of Singh's candidacy in Quebec.
Outcomes for head and neck cancer patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Frauenfelder C A , Raith E P , Krishnan S , Udy A , Pilcher D 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report intensive care unit admission outcomes for head and neck cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort analysis of all Australian and New Zealander head and neck cancer patient intensive care unit admissions from January 2000 to June 2016, including data from 192 intensive care units.ResultsThere were 10 721 head and neck cancer patients, with a median age of 64 years (71.6 per cent male). Of admissions, 76.4 per cent were in public hospitals, 96.9 per cent were post-operative and 43.6 per cent required mechanical ventilation. Annual head and neck cancer admissions increased from 2000 to 2015 (from 348 to 1132 patients), but the overall proportion of intensive care unit admissions remained constant. In-hospital mortality was 2.7 per cent, and intensive care unit mortality was 0.7 per cent. The in-hospital mortality risk decreased three-fold (p < 0.001).ConclusionHead and neck cancer patients had low mortality in the intensive care unit and in hospital. Risk of dying decreased despite more intensive care unit admissions. This is the first large-scale cohort study quantifying intensive care unit utilisation by head and neck cancer patients. It informs future work investigating alternatives to the intensive care unit for these patients.
Alternate Possibilities, Divine Omniscience and Critique of Judgement §76
Authors: Brewer Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA philosophically and historically influential section of the Critique of Judgement presents an ‘intuitive intellect’ as a mind whose representation is limited to what actually exists, and does not extend to mere possibilities. Kant’s paradigmatic instance of such an intellect is however also the divine mind. This combination threatens to rule out the reality of the mere possibilities presupposed by Kant’s theory of human freedom. Through an analysis of the relevant issues in metaphysical cosmology, modal metaphysics and philosophical theology, I show that Kant in fact possesses the resources to reconcile the philosophical claims of §76 of the Critique of Judgement with his keystone commitment to the reality of human freedom.
Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among family caregivers of palliative care patients at Hospice Africa Uganda
Authors: Dipio Racheal , Acuda Wilson , Namisango Eve , Nalubega-Mbowa Mary Gorrethy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCaregiving for cancer and HIV/AIDS patients is complex, and the burden may vary with the type of disease, stages of the illness, and the type of palliative care intervention. Cancer and HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment adversely affect not only the patients but also their families and caregivers. They are vulnerable to stress, distress, and depression. Studies in developed countries have shown high prevalence of depression among family caregivers, but the scale of the problem among family caregivers in Uganda is not known.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among family caregivers of palliative care patients at Hospice Africa Uganda.MethodWe used a mixed method study to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among family caregivers of palliative care patients at Hospice Africa Uganda. We assessed depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and collected socio-demographic data using a tailored questionnaire. We used binary logistic regression to assess for the association between depressive symptomatology and caregiver socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsWe recruited 161 family caregivers, 64% of whom were female. The study revealed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (46%) (n = 74) among the family caregivers. Education status and religious affiliation were significantly associated with depressive symptomatology.Significance of resultsFamily caregivers of palliative care patients face a high burden of depressive symptoms. Efforts to care for family caregivers within palliative care should include assessment and management of depressive symptoms in this population.
Quality of life among relatives of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective and longitudinal study
Authors: Larsson Birgitta Jakobsson , Ozanne Anneli , Nordin Karin , Nygren Ingela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveRelatives are often central in caring for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), involving considerable physical, emotional, and social challenges. The aim of this study was to describe individual quality of life (iQoL) among relatives of patients with ALS, from diagnosis through disease progression.MethodA total of 31 relatives were included. Data collection was performed at five time points: 1–3 months after their relatives had been diagnosed with ALS and every 6 months for 2 years. Quality of life was determined using the Schedule of Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life — Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW), emotional distress with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the illness severity of the patients was determined with the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALS FRS-R).ResultsThe SEIQoL-DW involves participants nominating the important life areas. The most nominated areas were family, friends, health, and leisure. Although most relatives had overall good and stable iQoL, several had scores indicating poor iQoL on some occasions during the disease trajectory. The relatives’ iQoL correlated with emotional well-being and the patient's physical function at different time points.Significant of resultSocial relations, emotional well-being, and rapid decline in the patient's physical function influence the relatives’ iQoL. Measuring both emotional well-being and iQoL, with a focus on the relatives’ own descriptions of perceived iQoL and those factors contributing to their iQoL during the disease trajectory may improve the possibility of identifying and supporting those relatives with poor iQoL.
What should be measured to assess the quality of community-based palliative care? Results from a collaborative expert workshop
Authors: Williams Nicole , Boumans Nicole , Luymes Nicole , White Nancy E. , Lemonde Manon , Guthrie Dawn M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe need for palliative care (PC) will continue to increase in Canada with population aging. Many older adults prefer to “age in place” and receive care in their own homes. Currently, there is a lack of standardized quality indicators (QIs) for PC delivered in the community in Canada.MethodsA one-day workshop collected expert opinions on what should be measured to capture quality PC. Three brainstorming sessions were focused on addressing the following questions: (1) what is important to measure to support quality PC, regardless of setting? (2) Of the identified measures, are any of special importance to care provided in the home? (3) What are the challenges, barriers, and opportunities for creating these measures? The National Consensus Project (NCP) for Quality Palliative Care framework was used as a guide to group together important comments into key themes.ResultsThe experts identified four themes that are important for measuring quality, regardless of care setting, including access to care in the community by a multidisciplinary team, care for the individual with PC needs, support for the informal caregiver (e.g., family, friends), and symptom management for individuals with PC needs. Two additional themes were of special importance to measuring quality PC in the home, including spiritual care for individuals with PC needs and home as the preferred place of death. The challenges, barriers, and potential opportunities to these quality issues were also discussed.Significance of resultsPC experts, through this collaborative process, made a substantial contribution to the creation of a standardized set of QIs for community-based PC. Having a standardized set of QIs will enable health care professionals and decision makers to target areas for improvement, implement interventions to improve the quality of care, and ultimately, optimize the health and well-being of individuals with a serious illness.