bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Bonding in Early Infancy Predicts Childrens' Social Competences in Preschool Age
Authors: Joas Jens , Möhler Eva 
Published: August 2021

Background:There are many studies on mother-child-bonding with little theoretical doubt that better bonding may have a positive effect on further social development. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence. In particular, there is a lack prospective longitudinal studies.Methods:As part of a longitudinal study, bonding was assessed in a community sample of 97 healthy mothers using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) 6 weeks after birth of their child. Social competencies in the offspring were assessed using the Self- and Other-oriented Social Competencies (SOCOMP) at 5.5 years of age. A potential correlation between bonding and social competencies was tested using Spearman Rank Correlation.Results:Retention rate over 5.5 years was 77.23%. Lower Maternal Bonding Impairment Scores 6 weeks postnatally were positively related to childrens' social competences at 5.5 years of age.Conclusion:The present data confirm a positive and long-term influence of bonding on social skills and provide further evidence of the importance of parent child bonding for child development in general. This result should give reason to further investigate this relationship in depth, causally and at later points in time.
Effectiveness of Resilience Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes for Persons With Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Ying , Chi Iris , Zhan Yuning , Chen Wenjang , Li Tongtong 
Published: August 2021

Background: Neurocognitive disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease, not only harm people's cognitive function but also lead to negative emotions, poor quality of life (QOL), and unsatisfactory level of well-being. Resilience can be defined as a dynamic and amendable process, which maintains or improves life satisfaction and quick recovery from own dilemma. However, no meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has thus far examined the effectiveness of resilience interventions among persons with neurocognitive disorders, and the results of RCTs were inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of resilience interventions on psychosocial outcomes among persons with neurocognitive disorders.Methods: Nine electronic Chinese and English databases (the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Eric, JSTOR, CNKI, and WANGFANG) were searched through April 2021. Only RCTs were included, and the quality of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane “Risk of Bias” tool. Meta-analysis was carried out on psychosocial outcomes, and heterogeneity was investigated by subgroup and sensitivity analysis. RevMan 5.4 was used for meta-analysis.Results: Fourteen RCT studies were identified, representing a total of 2,442 participants with neurocognitive disorders. The risk of bias was high or unclear for most included studies in the domains of allocation concealment, blinding participants, and interventionists. Meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity was low or moderate. There were significant differences in favor of resilience interventions compared with control on the outcome of QOL, using the Quality of Life-Alzheimer Disease scale (QOL-AD) [I2 = 36%, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.14, 95% CI (0.02, 0.26), p = 0.02], and no significant differences on depression, using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) [I2 = 41%, SMD = −0.14, 95% CI (−0.34, 0.05), p = 0.16], and neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) [I2 = 62%, SMD = −0.10, 95% CI (−0.37, −0.16), p ≤ 0.46].Conclusions: Resilience interventions had a significant benefit on QOL but no significant benefit on depression and neuropsychiatric behavioral symptoms. More evidence is needed to answer questions about how to implement resilience interventions and how to evaluate their effectiveness.
Khat Use Patterns, Associated Features, and Psychological Problems in a Khat-Treatment-Seeking Student Sample of Jimma University, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Mekdem Tesfamichael , Soboka Matiwos , Widmann Marina , Keller Lucas , Zeller Anja C. , Büchele Natascha , Barnewitz Eva , Yitayih Yimenu , Schiller Sabine , Senger Jael , Adorjan Kristina , Odenwald Michael 
Published: August 2021

Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a traditionally used substance in African and Arab countries that contains the amphetamine-like alkaloid cathinone. Khat use among Ethiopian students is a growing concern. This study aims to describe khat use, psychological problems, and motivation to change and to determine associated factors of khat use among students from Jimma University seeking psychological assistance.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 717 students from Jimma University, southwestern Ethiopia, who seek assistance to reduce khat use were recruited. The study used Amharic and Afaan Oromoo language versions of common psychological instruments and employed them as part of a comprehensive tablet computer-delivered self-report assessment battery, comprising the SRQ-20, the PCL-5, the LEC-5, the AUDIT, and the SOCRATES-khat. In addition, socio-demographic, economic variables, and functioning problems due to severe mental disorders were assessed. The analysis relied on the data of the 575 included participants and used clinical cut-off values to describe this treatment-seeking sample and hierarchical regression models to determine variables associated with khat use.Results: The sample showed high khat use in the past month (M = 31.55 bundles, SD = 28.53, on M = 15.11 days, SD = 8.54); 17.0% showed highly problematic use. The sample was extremely burdened with comorbid psychiatric problems: 21.6% reported functioning problems due to past mental disorders, 60.2% scored above the cut-off for current common mental disorders, 37.9% screened positive for PTSD, and 47.1% reported hazardous alcohol use. Small to medium intercorrelations between variables were detected, and in hierarchical regression models, higher motivation to change khat use was associated with higher use of the substance.Conclusions: This study clearly shows the need to develop research instruments, screening methods, and assistance services for khat-using students at Jimma University. Study participants' high mental health burden shows the need for targeted intervention programs that go beyond brief interventions for khat use. Furthermore, the study highlights challenges for implementing such services: the barriers to utilization for females and khat users without comorbid mental health problems.
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Primary Schoolchildren Living in Côte d'Ivoire, South Africa, and Tanzania
Authors: Gerber Markus , Ayekoé Serge A. , Beckmann Johanna , Bonfoh Bassirou , Kouassi Kouadio Benal , Gba Bomey Clément , Traoré Sylvain G. , Coulibaly Jean T. , Daouda Dao , du Randt Rosa , Finda Marceline F. , Minja Elihaika G. , Gall Stefanie , Mollel Getrud J. , Lang Christin , Long Kurt Z. , Masanja Honorati , Müller Ivan , Nqweniso Siphesihle , Okumu Fredros O. , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Pühse Uwe , Steinmann Peter , Walter Cheryl , Utzinger Jürg 
Published: August 2021

Background: Physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are independent cardiovascular risk factors among children, but have rarely been investigated concurrently in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to compare physical activity (PA) and CRF of primary schoolchildren living in Côte d'Ivoire (CI), South Africa (ZA), and Tanzania (TZ), to test sex- and age-related differences, and to examine whether PA and CRF are associated with each other.Methods: Baseline data from an ongoing cluster-randomized controlled trial were used, including 499 children from CI (Taabo, 49% girls, M = 8.0 ± 1.6 years), 1,074 children from ZA (Gqeberha, 49% girls, M = 8.3 ± 1.4 years), and 593 children from TZ (Ifakara, 51% girls, M = 9.4 ± 1.7 years). PA was assessed by accelerometry and CRF by a 20 m shuttle-run test. The data were analyzed using multi-/univariate analyses of variance and mixed linear models.Results: Most children met recommendations put forward by the World Health Organization for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and achieved high CRF scores. In CI, 89.6% of the children met MVPA recommendations (boys: 91.7%, girls: 87.4%), whereas this rate was 76.9% in ZA (boys: 91.0%, girls: 62.4%), and 93.8% in TZ (boys: 95.5%, girls: 92.0%). Children from TZ had the highest CRF and MVPA levels, followed by children from CI and ZA. Boys had higher MVPA levels than girls, whereas girls engaged in more sedentary behavior. Sex differences were strongest in ZA. Sedentary behavior and MVPA were higher among older schoolchildren compared to their younger peers. Higher MVPA, but not sedentary behavior, was associated with better CRF.Conclusions: In all three settings, higher levels of MVPA were associated with higher CRF scores. Nevertheless, children living in the most urbanized setting (such as observed in ZA) were physically less active and had lower CRF than peers living in more rural areas (such as observed in CI and TZ). Particularly for girls, urbanization might increase the risk for insufficient MVPA, which may have negative effects on their CRF, thus negatively influencing health and well-being at later age.
Information Retrieval Using Machine Learning for Biomarker Curation in the Exposome-Explorer
Authors: Lamurias Andre , Jesus Sofia , Neveu Vanessa , Salek Reza M. , Couto Francisco M. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: In 2016, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization, released the Exposome-Explorer, the first database dedicated to biomarkers of exposure for environmental risk factors for diseases. The database contents resulted from a manual literature search that yielded over 8,500 citations, but only a small fraction of these publications were used in the final database. Manually curating a database is time-consuming and requires domain expertise to gather relevant data scattered throughout millions of articles. This work proposes a supervised machine learning pipeline to assist the manual literature retrieval process.Methods: The manually retrieved corpus of scientific publications used in the Exposome-Explorer was used as training and testing sets for the machine learning models (classifiers). Several parameters and algorithms were evaluated to predict an article’s relevance based on different datasets made of titles, abstracts and metadata.Results: The top performance classifier was built with the Logistic Regression algorithm using the title and abstract set, achieving an F2-score of 70.1%. Furthermore, we extracted 1,143 entities from these articles with a classifier trained for biomarker entity recognition. Of these, we manually validated 45 new candidate entries to the database.Conclusion: Our methodology reduced the number of articles to be manually screened by the database curators by nearly 90%, while only misclassifying 22.1% of the relevant articles. We expect that this methodology can also be applied to similar biomarkers datasets or be adapted to assist the manual curation process of similar chemical or disease databases.
The Application of Preoperative Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Visualization Digital Technology in the Surgical Treatment of Hepatic Echinococcosis in Tibet
Authors: Zhang Jun , DAWA  , Suolang Duojie , Lei Yanming , Wang Jiayun , Basang Dunzhu 
Published: August 2021

Objective: The present study aims to explore the application value of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology in the preoperative evaluation of patients with complicated hepatic echinococcosis in Tibet.Methods: A total of 200 patients with complicated hepatic echinococcosis, admitted to our hospital between May 2019 and December 2020, who underwent radical hepatectomy, were enrolled in the present study. The patients were randomly divided into a preoperative computer tomography group and a preoperative 3D reconstruction group. According to the imaging results, a surgical plan was formulated. A comparison was made between the two groups of the coincidence rate of the surgical plan and intraoperative and postoperative complications.Results: The patients with hepatic echinococcosis who underwent 3D visualization reconstruction before surgery had a high compliance rate with the surgical plans and the operating time, the number of cases with blood flow blockage, the blood flow blockage time, intraoperative hemorrhage, and postoperative biliary fistulas were significantly lower.Conclusion: The application of preoperative 3D visualization reconstruction in patients with complicated hepatic echinococcosis in Tibet could effectively improve surgical safety.
Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy vs. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage IIIA EGFR-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Dong , Jin Zixian , Zhang Jian , Xu Congcong , Zhu Kanghao , Ruan Yuhang , Zhang Bo , Chen Baofu , Shen Jianfei 
Published: August 2021

Purpose: The role of targeted therapy in the neoadjuvant field of stage IIIA epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still controversial. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant targeted therapy (NTT) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) used as a benchmark comparator.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI) for eligible studies on NTT published before October 2020. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs). Statistical analysis and bias assessment were performed by RevMan 5.3.Results: A total of 319 patients, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized controlled trials, were included in the meta-analysis. Perform the second subgroup analysis after excluding 2 non-randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis reveals that, for EGFR mutation-positive stage IIIA NSCLC patients, compared with NCT, NTT can significantly increase ORR (relative risk [RR]:1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.35–2.15; subgroup-RR:1.56, 95% CI 1.23–2.0) and significantly reduce grade 3/4 AEs (RR:0.5, 95% CI 0.34–0.75; subgroup-RR: 0.53, 95% CI 0.26–1.08). The OS of the NTT arm is slightly higher, but the difference is not significant (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.43–1.27; subgroup-HR: 0.64 95% CI 0.40–1.03). No difference in PFS was found (HR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.27–2.44).Conclusion: In neoadjuvant setting, targeted therapy has a definitive effect on patients with EGFR mutation-positive stage IIIA NSCLC and is even better than chemotherapy in terms of toxicity and tumor response rate.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021221136.
Perspectiva constructivista del realismo depresivo: implicaciones para la teoría y terapia cognitivas
Authors: Haaga David A. H. , Beck Aaroon T. 
Published: August 2021

La teoria cognitiva de la depresion(Ben k. 1967) ‹Muestra que el depresivo mantiene su pensamiento negativopese a la muestra de evidencias que lo contradicen , debido a que disiorsiona eI feedback que recibe del ambiente, percibiéndolo mas negativo de lo que en realidad es. La investigacion que recibe pone en entredicho esta hipotesis,sugiriendo en cambio que los depresivos pueden ser realistas si la percepcion de circunstancias vitales ,genuinamente son negativas, mientras que los no depresivos son los que mantienen un pensamiento optimista no realista. El debate sobre esta teoria se ha realizado dentro de un encuadre metateorico realista en la que conceptualiza a la realidad objetiva como algo externo a lo que percibe . En este articulo ampliaremos el debate mediante el examen de las implicaciones de la teroia constructivista sobre los conceptos de realismo depresivo versus distorsion o sesgo depresivo. Finalmente veremos las implicaciones de este debate para la teoria de la terapia cognitiva de la depresion.
El tratamiento de la depresión y el proceso de cambio afectivo
Authors: Safran Jeremy D. 
Published: August 2021

En este articulo se examinan los distintos procesos depresivos como las distinciones de los sistemas de comportamiento . De acuerdo , a la terapia cognitiva se da respuesta a la situacion, las secuencias depresivas cognitivo - afectivas, en asociacion con la autocritica, el procesamiento emocional de trabajo , se discute la forma de intervencion desde una perspectiva emocional.
Un enfoque constructivista-cognitivo de la terapia cognitiva
Authors: Rosen Hugh 
Published: August 2021

Este arttculo se basa en gran medida en el constructivismo piagetiano. es decir sigue una perspectiva constructivista-evolutiva. Si bien este enfoque tiene muchos puntos en comun con otros modelos constructivistas, también se caracteriza por poseer rasgos propios. La aplicacion de la orientacion constructivista aqui descrita se relaciona directamente con el modelo de terapia cognitiva de Beck, aunque gran parte de lo que se dice resulta relevante también para otros enfoques terapéuticos y para la psicoterapia en general.
Psicopatologia evolutiva de las significaciones individuales
Authors: Joyce-Moniz Luis 
Published: August 2021

La lectura evolutiva de la psicopatologia se ha llevado a cabo a varios niveles, aunque no esta relacionado o integrado. La presente refIeccion incide sobre alguna de ellas. relacionandolas con los sindromes o trastornos del humor/afecto, la ansiedad y los trastornos de personalidad.
De este modo consideraremos en primer lugar las posibilidades de una continuidad/discontinuidad de los sintomas actitudinales y emocionales entre la psicopatologia de la infancia y de la edad adulta, lo que plantea, inevitablemente, la cuestion del determinismo de una sobre la otra, o la de su relativa independencia.
Posteriormente se examine la continuidad/discontinuidad de los sintomas cognitivos y, mds en particular, de los significados individuales, lo que plantea no solo la cuestion de la relacion entre cognicion y afecto, sino de la competicion entre significados y del dominio de unos sobre otros en ciertos niveles de desarrollo.
Como introduccion a unn psicologia evolutiva de las significaciones se propone un modelo dialéctico con cinco niveles de significacion , relativos a algunos sindromes afectivos y ansiogenos y principalmente, a los trastornos de personalidad.
Low-Resolution ADCs for Two-Hop Massive MIMO Relay System under Rician Channels
Authors: Yu Shujuan , Liu Xinyi , Cao Jian , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2021

This paper works on building an effective massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system by increasing the achievable sum rate and energy efficiency. First, we design a two-hop massive MIMO relay system instead of a one-hop system to shorten the distance and create a Line-of-Sight (LOS) path between relays. Second, we apply Rician channels between relays in this system. Third, we apply low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at both relays to quantize signals, and apply Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) to the processed signal at relay R1 and relay R2 correspondingly. Fourth, we use higher-order statistics to derive the closed-form expression of the achievable sum rate. Fifth, we derive the power scaling law and achieve the asymptotic expressions under different power scales. Last, we validate the correctness of theoretical analysis with numerical simulation results and show the superiority of the two-hop relay system over the one-hop relay system. From both closed-form expressions and simulation results, we discover that the two-hop system has a higher achievable sum rate than the one-hop system. Besides, the energy efficiency in the two-hop system is higher than the one-hop system. Moreover, in the two-hop system, when quantization bits q = 4, the achievable sum rate converges. Therefore, deploying low-resolution ADCs can improve the energy efficiency and achieve a fairly considerable achievable sum rate.
Novel Insight into the Effects of CpxR on Salmonella enteritidis Cells during the Chlorhexidine Treatment and Non-Stressful Growing Conditions
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Omar Misara , Nagaraja Kakambi V. , Goyal Sagar M. , Vidovic Sinisa 
Published: August 2021

The development and spread of antibiotics and biocides resistance is a significant global challenge. To find a solution for this emerging problem, the discovery of novel bacterial cellular targets and the critical pathways associated with antimicrobial resistance is needed. In the present study, we investigated the role of the two most critical envelope stress response regulators, RpoE and CpxR, on the physiology and susceptibility of growing Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis cells using the polycationic antimicrobial agent, chlorhexidine (CHX). It was shown that deletion of the cpxR gene significantly increased the susceptibility of this organism, whereas deletion of the rpoE gene had no effect on the pathogen’s susceptibility to this antiseptic. It has been shown that a lack of the CpxR regulator induces multifaceted stress responses not only in the envelope but also in the cytosol, further affecting the key biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. We showed that alterations in cellular trafficking and most of the stress responses are associated with a dysfunctional CpxR regulator during exponential growth phase, indicating that these physiological changes are intrinsically associated with the lack of the CpxR regulator. In contrast, induction of type II toxin-antitoxin systems and decrease of abundances of enzymes and proteins associated with the recycling of muropeptides and resistance to polymixin and cationic antimicrobial peptides were specific responses of the ∆cpxR mutant to the CHX treatment. Overall, our study provides insight into the effects of CpxR on the physiology of S. Enteritidis cells during the exponential growth phase and CHX treatment, which may point to potential cellular targets for the development of an effective antimicrobial agent.
Reconsidering Donor Race in Predicting Allograft and Patient Survival Among Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chong Kelly , Litvinovich Igor , Chen Shan Shan , Zhu Yiliang , Argyropoulos Christos , Ng Yue-Harn 
Published: August 2021

Key Points

Donor race should not be used in models to predict allograft and patient survival.Removing donor race from the Kidney Donor Risk Index may reduce kidney discard by reclassifying approximately 50% of high kidney donor profile index kidneys.Future prediction models should focus on using relevant biologic factors rather than social constructs when trying to predict outcomes.