bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Physical Fitness Regulates In Vitro Tumor Cell Growth in Older Adults with Treatment Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Sitlinger Andrea , Deal Michael A. , Garcia Erwin , Thompson Dana K. , Stewart Tiffany , MacDonald Grace A. , Devos Nicolas , Corcoran David , Staats Janet S. , Enzor Jennifer , Weinhold Kent J. , Brander Danielle M. , Weinberg J. Brice , Bartlett David B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with physical dysfunction and low overall fitness that predicts poor survival following commencement of treatment. However, it remains unknown whether higher fitness in CLL patients provides anti-oncogenic effects. We identified ten fit (CLL-FIT) and ten less fit (CLL-UNFIT) treatment-naïve CLL patients from 144 CLL patients who completed a set of physical fitness and performance tests. Patient plasma was used to determine its effects on in vitro 5-day growth/viability of three B-cell cell lines (OSU-CLL, Daudi and Farage). Plasma exosomal miRNA profiles, circulating lipids, lipoproteins, inflammation levels, and immune cell phenotypes were also assessed. CLL-FIT was associated with fewer viable OSU-CLL cells at Day 1 (p=0.003), Day 4 (p=0.001) and Day 5 (p=0.009). No differences between groups were observed for Daudi and Farage cells. Of 455 distinct exosomal miRNAs identified, 32 miRNAs were significantly different between groups. Of these, 14 miRNAs had ≤-1 or ≥1 log2 fold differences. CLL-FIT patients had 5 exosomal miRNAs with lower expression and 9 miRNAs with higher expression. CLL-FIT patients had higher HDL cholesterol, lower inflammation, and lower levels of triglyceride components (all p<0.05). CLL-FIT patients had lower frequencies of low-differentiated NKG2+/CD158a/bneg (p=0.015 and p=0.014) and higher frequencies of NKG2Aneg/CD158b+ mature NK-cells (p=0.047). Absolute numbers of lymphocytes including CD19+/CD5+ CLL-cells were similar between groups (p=0.359). Higher physical fitness in CLL patients is associated with altered CLL-like cell line growth in vitro, and with altered circulating and cellular factors indicative of better immune functions and tumor control.
Capability of web-based survey software: an empirical review
Authors: Rea Alan , Marshall Kaitlin , Farrell Dan 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to develop, test and validate a set of dimensions that can verify whether any specific online survey tool can be effectively developed and deployed; second, to provide a framework and working topology for web-based survey tool selection.Design/methodology/approachA panel comprised of five experts determined the validity of the proposed dimensions the authors compiled from extensive feature research of the top online survey software identified by Alexa and Datanyze, which allows for web survey data to be pulled in a customizable fashion over a selected period of time. The validated dimensions were then ranked via a paper survey (n = 98) in a controlled environment using a 9-point Likert scale.FindingsThere was no strong correlation between highest-ranked dimensions and the market share and use of a particular online survey tool. However, overall dimension ranking dominance did predict an online survey tool obtaining higher market implementation and use. In addition, the influence of business roles on dimension weights should be considered when selecting survey software. Finally, two additional dimensions not prevalent in existing research – data analysis and technical support – must be considered in survey tool selection.Practical implicationsOnline survey tools are increasingly supplementing or replacing random telephone-based opinion and polling surveys for data collection on important social issues, political candidacies, etc. Representative samples yielding the most accurate results are more easily obtained via mixed-mode methods that incorporate online survey tools.Originality/valueThe paper's findings suggest which dimensions must be present for widespread acceptance and implementation of a successful web-based online survey tool. Organizations must be able to assess a particular survey tool's viability for their specific purposes. The dimensions presented here can be developed into an effective adoption heuristic to meet an organization's particular requirements. Findings suggest that when evaluating survey software, one must remain cognizant of the various business roles associated with survey software to better account for decision-maker tendencies. For example, managers place greater emphasis on overall cost whereas developers may value survey creation and integration features.
Significance of operational capabilities of suppliers on the front-end decision making in apparel product innovation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Seram Niromi , Nanayakkara Julian , Lanarolle Gamini 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The suppliers are recognized as important external sources who can significantly contribute by working together with the buyer during the innovation process. Operational capabilities of suppliers can be one of the considerable factors when selecting them to participate in the activities at the front-end of innovation. However, proper understanding of the influence of operational capabilities of suppliers on front-end decision-making in apparel product innovation is still very limited particularly in the context of the Sri Lankan apparel industry. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of operational capabilities of suppliers on the front-end decision making in apparel product innovation in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
Both semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey were used as data collection techniques. Six senior managers for the interviews and 60 participants for the questionnaire were randomly selected. All those who participated in interviews and the questionnaire respondents have been involved in the front-end of innovation in different apparel manufacturing organizations in Sri Lanka.

Findings
The results indicated that the operational capabilities of suppliers had a direct positive influence on front-end decision-making, and the suppliers’ production flexibility was found to be the most influential. Further, the results highlighted that 27.3% of the front-end decisions associated with apparel product innovation in Sri Lanka were influenced by the factors governing operational capabilities of suppliers.

Originality/value
The findings of the research will be beneficial for both academia and industry. The findings will be useful to extend the current understanding and make a noteworthy contribution to this topic and to provide useful and practical guidance to material suppliers and supporting industries who work with Sri Lankan apparel manufacturing.
Effect of temperature and pH on the gelation, rheology, texture, and structural properties of whey protein and sugar gels based on Maillard reaction
Authors: Wen‐qiong Wang , Pei‐pei Yuan , Ji‐yang Zhou , Zhi‐hang Gu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of initial pH and temperature on whey protein gel formation via the Maillard reaction, including changes in gel structure, rheological and texture properties. The color changes in the whey protein and glucose gels were not significant with increasing heat temperature. High temperature and alkaline conditions promoted exposure to hydrophobic groups such as –SH, which accelerated protein aggregation and gel formation. Moreover, the increased particle size and additional hydrophobic groups contributed to higher elastic modulus (G′) in the whey protein gel. Fluorescence measurements revealed that more tryptophan on the protein surface decreased with increasing temperature, which indicated that exposure to tryptophan could increase the hydrophobicity of the protein gels. Whey proteins formed stronger, gummier, more elastic, and more cohesive gels at 70 ℃ under initial pH 9 conditions, which also increased with the addition of fructose.
“I felt like I was left on my own”: A mixed‐methods analysis of maternal experiences of cesarean birth and mental distress in the United States
Authors: Sega Annalisa , Cozart Ashley , Cruz Andrea Ocasio , Reyes‐Foster Beatriz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbearing. Understanding potential contributors, such as cesarean deliveries, is essential to improving maternal mental health. This study investigated the relationship between unplanned versus planned cesarean birth and postpartum depressive symptoms.MethodsWe employed a sequential, mixed‐methods approach wherein the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was first administered to participants who had experienced a cesarean birth within the previous 12 months. EPDS scores among those in the unplanned vs. planned cesarean groups were compared by means of SPSS. Twenty‐five participants with EPDS scores >8 were then interviewed to provide subjective measures of maternal well‐being. Interview data were subjected to thematic qualitative analysis using a modified grounded theory approach.ResultsThe average EPDS score from 120 participants with unplanned cesareans was 10.7 ± 6.4, with 68.5% scoring >8. The average EPDS score from 93 participants with planned cesarean births was 8.96 ± 5.7, with 52.7% scoring >8. The difference in mean score was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Interview findings revealed several important themes including: support, medical interaction, stress, recovery, breastfeeding, and sleep. In several cases, participants were not properly screened, or screening tool responses were ignored. Numerous participants reported medical interactions where they felt ignored by practitioners, including one interviewee who stated, “I got my tubes tied because it was so traumatizing that I never wanted to give birth again.”DiscussionFindings suggest that unplanned cesareans have a higher incidence and severity of postpartum depressive symptoms. Interview analyses highlight important areas for improvement and concern about the current state of postpartum mental health care and physician‐guided supports in this US sample.
Clinical pharmacology and dosing regimen optimization of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome treatments
Authors: Tang Fei , Ng Chee M. , Bada Henrietta S. , Leggas Markos 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we review the management of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and clinical pharmacology of primary treatment agents in NOWS, including morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, clonidine, and phenobarbital. Pharmacologic treatment strategies in NOWS have been mostly empirical, and heterogeneity in dosing regimens adds to the difficulty of extrapolating study results to broader patient populations. As population pharmacokinetics (PKs) of pharmacologic agents in NOWS become more well‐defined and knowledge of patient‐specific factors affecting treatment outcomes continue to accumulate, PK/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation will be powerful tools to aid the design of optimal dosing regimens at the patient level. Although there is an increasing number of clinical trials on the comparative efficacy of treatment agents in NOWS, here, we also draw attention to the importance of optimizing the dosing regimen, which can be arguably equally important at identifying the optimal treatment agent.
Introducing echocardiography to medical students: A novel echocardiography E‐Learning experience
Authors: Torabi Asad J. , Feigenbaum Harvey , Bateman Pantila V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEchocardiography is fundamental in the understanding of cardiology; however, echocardiography is not routinely taught in medical schools. The aim of this study is to assess whether teaching echocardiography to preclinical medical students using an e‐learning software (ELS) is practical and appropriate.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, 1084 second‐year medical students at Indiana University School of Medicine were introduced to echocardiography by using the ELS. In 2017 and 2018 students had a postcourse survey to assess echocardiography appropriateness and cardiology learning. Students in 2018 and 2019 were assessed for any association between the use of the ELS and learning cardiology by comparing examination scores.ResultsIn 2017‐2018, 127 students responded to the survey (18% response rate). In 2017, 79% of responders and in 2018, 89% reported that introducing echocardiography to medical students is appropriate. In 2017, 78% and in 2018, 87% reported that it improved the understanding of cardiology. Student ELS usage was high for 2017‐2018 (93% and 70%) but dropped in 2019 (30%). In 2018 and 2019, students who used ELS did statistically significantly better on the examination (total scores 84% vs. 82% (P = .008) in 2018; 84% vs. 81% (P = .002) in 2019).ConclusionsMany 2nd year medical students felt learning echocardiography with ELS was appropriate and enhanced their learning cardiology. Using echocardiography to help learn cardiology appears to be supported with an association of ELS usage and improved examination scores. Our study suggests that echocardiography learning can and probably should begin in medical school.
Ventricular pre‐excitation in primary care patients: Evaluation of the risk of mortality
Authors: Paixão Gabriela M. M. , Lima Emilly M. , Batista Luisa M. , Santos Luis Felipe , Araujo Sabrina L. O. , Araujo Rodrigo M. , Oliveira Derick M. , Nascimento Jamil S. , Gomes Paulo R. , Ribeiro Antonio L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundVentricular pre‐excitation is characterized by the presence of atrioventricular accessory pathways, predisposing to arrhythmias. Although it is well established that risk stratification in symptomatic patients should be invasive, there is a lack of evidence of the benefit in asymptomatic.ObjectiveEvaluate ventricular pre‐excitation in the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a risk factor for overall mortality in patients of Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais (TNMG), Brazil.MethodsThis observational study was developed with the database of digital ECGs (2010–2017) from TNMG. The electronic cohort was obtained by linking data from ECG exams and those from the national mortality information system. Only the first ECG was considered. Clinical data were self‐reported, and ECGs were interpreted manually by cardiologists and automatically by the Glasgow University Interpreter software. Hazard ratio (HR) for mortality was estimated using weighted Cox regression.ResultsNearly 1 665 667 patients were included (median age: 50 [Q1: 34; Q3: 63] years; 41.4% were male). In a mean follow‐up of 3.7 years, the overall mortality rate was 3.1%. The prevalence of ventricular pre‐excitation was 0.07%. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for sex and age, ventricular pre‐excitation was not associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–3.57; p = .47) when compared to the whole sample or to patients with normal ECG (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.53–4.36; p = .43). In a subanalysis on accessory pathway location, there was no evidence of a higher risk of death related to any location.ConclusionVentricular pre‐excitation was not associated with an increased risk of mortality in a primary care cohort.
Atrial electrophysiological characteristics of aging
Authors: van der Does Willemijn F.B. , Houck Charlotte A. , Heida Annejet , van Schie Mathijs S. , van Schaagen Frank R.N. , Taverne Yannick J.H.J. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , de Groot Natasja M.S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdvancing age is a known risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation (AF), yet it is unknown which electrophysiological changes contribute to this increased susceptibility. The goal of this study is to investigate conduction disturbances and unipolar voltages (UV) related to aging.MethodsWe included 216 patients (182 male, age: 36–83 years) without a history of AF undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Five seconds of sinus rhythm were recorded intraoperatively at the right atrium (RA), Bachmann's bundle (BB), the left atrium and the pulmonary vein area (PVA). Conduction delay (CD), ‐block (CB), ‐velocity (CV), length of longest CB lines and UV were assessed in all regions.ResultsWith aging, increasing conduction disturbances were found, particularly at RA and BB (RA: longest CB line rs = .158, p = .021; BB: CB prevalence rs = .206, p = .003; CV rs = −.239, p < .0005). Prevalence of low UV areas (UV <5th percentile) increased with aging at the BB and PVA (BB: rs = .237, p < .0005 and PVA: rs = .228, p = .001).ConclusionsAging is accompanied by an increase in conduction disturbances during sinus rhythm and a higher prevalence of low UV areas, particularly at BB and in the RA. These electrophysiological alterations could in part explain the increasing susceptibility to AF development associated with aging.
Establishment of an efficient seed fluorescence reporter‐assisted CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in maize
Authors: Yan Yuanyuan , Zhu Jinjie , Qi Xiantao , Cheng Beijiu , Liu Changlin , Xie Chuanxiao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic sequences (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) has revolutionized functional gene analysis and genetic improvement. While reporter‐assisted CRISPR/Cas systems can greatly facilitate the selection of genome‐edited plants produced via stable transformation, this approach has not been well established in seed crops. Here, we established the seed fluorescence reporter (SFR)‐assisted CRISPR/Cas9 systems in maize (Zea mays L.), using the red fluorescent DsRED protein expressed in the endosperm (En‐SFR/Cas9), embryos (Em‐SFR/Cas9), or both tissues (Em/En‐SFR/Cas9). All three SFRs showed distinct fluorescent patterns in the seed endosperm and embryo that allowed the selection of seeds carrying the transgene of having segregated the transgene out. We describe several case studies of the implementation of En‐SFR/Cas9, Em‐SFR/Cas9, and Em/En‐ SFR/Cas9 to identify plants not harboring the genome‐editing cassette but carrying the desired mutations at target genes in single genes or in small‐scale mutant libraries, and report on the successful generation of single‐target mutants and/or mutant libraries with En‐SFR/Cas9, Em‐SFR/Cas9, and Em/En‐SFR/Cas9. SFR‐assisted genome editing may have particular value for application scenarios with a low transformation frequency and may be extended to other important monocot seed crops.
Association between dental extraction after radiotherapy and osteoradionecrosis: A multi‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Saito Izumi , Hasegawa Takumi , Kawashita Yumiko , Kato Shinichiro , Yamada Shin‐ichi , Kojima Yuka , Ueda Nobuhiro , Umeda Masahiro , Shibuya Yasuyuki , Kurita Hiroshi , Kirita Tadaaki , Akashi Masaya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveRadiotherapy (RT) carries a substantial risk for the development of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between dental extractions after RT and the development of ORN.Material and MethodsThirty‐two patients with head and neck cancer who underwent tooth extraction after RT were investigated for correlations between the development of ORN and various factors.ResultsPostextraction ORN was diagnosed in 12 (12.1%) teeth of 9 patients. The RT dose against the site of tooth extraction was 62.0 and 37.4 Gy in the ORN and Non‐ORN groups, respectively (p < .001). The duration from RT to tooth extraction was 41.2 and 28.2 months in the ORN and Non‐ORN groups, respectively (p = .025). Tooth extraction was significantly associated with ORN in patients with a high RT dose against the site (odds ratio = 1.231) and a longer duration of time from RT (odds ratio = 1.084).ConclusionsExtraction of non‐restorable teeth and those with a poor prognosis should not necessarily be postponed even when patients are undergoing RT. However, clinicians should pay special attention to postoperative management after tooth extraction in patients with a high RT dose and longer time from RT.
The Thick-Film Lubrication of Full Journal Bearings of Finite Width
Authors: Muskat M. , Morgan F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A discussion is given of the results of analytical and experimental studies of the thick-film lubrication of full journal bearings of finite width. The Reynolds differential equation has been solved by a successive approximation method for (a) flooded full journal bearings, (b) full journal bearings with central circumferential grooves, and (c) full journal bearings provided with point sources of lubricant. Calculations were made on the variation of the journal eccentricity, load-carrying capacity, and friction coefficients with the Sommerfeld dimensionless variable for the three cases and for different bearing widths. Direct experimental tests are described which confirmed the theoretical predictions for bearings fed with lubricant at point sources.
Forty-Eight Ordinate Harmonic Analysis and the Harmonic Spectrum of Two-Cycle Diesel Torque
Authors: Klock Nancy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
For the harmonic analysis of periodic curves, machines as well as numerical methods are available. The machines are expensive and not generally available, and time is required to learn their operation. Therefore, an occasional analysis of a curve consumes even less time by the numerical method than by the machine. The best known numerical method is that of Runge (1) described in many places; a good account is found in Scarborough’s book (2). The principle is clear, but writers usually give the method for 6, 12, or 24 ordinates for the sake of simplicity, which is not sufficiently accurate for most applications. In this paper the 48-ordinate scheme is fully given in Tables 1, 2, and 3.
For the analysis of torsional vibrations the harmonic content of the torque curve of the disturbing engine is required. Such analyses have been published for the four-cycle Diesel engine (3) and for the four-cycle gasoline engine for aviation purposes (4). But to the author’s knowledge none have been published for the two-cycle Diesel engine. Such a spectrum is given herein.
Rare cause of haemoptysis: bronchopulmonary sequestration
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Ali Amjad , Dawar Ujaas , Setty Niranjan 
Published: March 2021

Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital pulmonary abnormality of the lower airways, which includes an abnormal and non-functioning lung tissue not communicating with the tracheobronchial tree and having aberrant blood supply from systemic circulation with variable venous drainage. The incidence of sequestration is around 0.15%–6.4% of all congenital lung malformations.Common presenting features are cough and expectoration. Misdiagnosed cases may present with recurrent infections and haemoptysis. CT of the chest with contrast is the imaging modality of choice.This is a case report of a 32-year-old woman who presented with cough and haemoptysis. CT of the chest showed a multiloculated mass-like lesion in the left lower lobe with a feeding artery from coeliac plexus and venous drainage via the normal left pulmonary vein.Based on CT chest findings, diagnosis of intralobar pulmonary sequestration was made. The patient was reviewed by cardiothoracic surgeons and underwent surgical resection of the sequestrated lung.Common presenting features are cough and expectoration. Misdiagnosed cases may present with recurrent infections and haemoptysis. CT of the chest with contrast is the imaging modality of choice.