bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling Provenance in Fracture Cavity Formation within Aksu Area, Tarim Basin, NW China: Indicators from Major and Trace Element, Carbon-Oxygen, and Strontium Isotope Compositions
Authors: Ren Qiqiang , Feng Jianwei , Ma Ji , Du He 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With an aim to increase the understanding about sedimentary environment and isotopic and chemical characteristics of fillings in fracture cavities with multiple compositions, we conducted scanning electron microscope (SEM), fluid inclusion testing (FIT), common and trace element chemistry, full analysis testing, isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr), and apatite fission track testing to study the formation environment of Aksu area, Tarim Basin. According to outfield and microscope observations, combined with SEM results, three textural and compositional type fractures and cavities were distinguished. Through fine analysis of geochemistry characteristics on fractures, cavities, multiple filling periods, and environments were interpreted. Constrained by rare earth element (REE) pattern diagram, relationships between carbon and oxygen isotopes, strontium isotope, the compositional patterns, and generation environment of the fracture and cavities were determined. The results show that (1) cavity, fracture filling, and wall rock primarily consist of calcite, with a proportion of 56.85%, 80.48%, and 81.00%, respectively. (2) Four fracture sets have been distinguished in the Ordovician limestone of the karst cave, Middle-Late Caledonian (Set 1), Early Hercynian (Set 2), Indo-Yanshanian (Set 3), and Himalayan orogeny (Set 4). Two stages of cave filling deposition are distinguished. Stage I was coeval with the Middle-Late Caledonian Set 1 fractures and is attributable to the circulation of freshwater fluid. Stage II was coeval with the Early Hercynian Set 2 fractures and is attributable to deep hydrothermal fluid circulation. (3) Cavity, fracture filling, and wall rock in Ordovician strata are slightly influenced by diagenesis alteration and territorial supply. Three significant filling stages were distinguished, freshwater fluid with strong oxidizing environment (Middle-Late Caledonian), hydrothermal fluid with authigenic abnormal enrichment (indicating obvious hypoxic sedimentary water, Early Hercynian), and high-temperature hydrothermal fluid from deep earth (primarily influenced by magmatism, Indo-Yanshanian, and Himalayan).
A Novel Approach for Protecting RPL Routing Protocol against Blackhole Attacks in IoT Networks
Authors: Zangeneh Saeid , Roustaei Rassoul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, we are witnessing an increasing trend towards interconnected devices. This process of connecting devices instead of people is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The main concept of IoT is to connect heterogeneous objects separately and centrally in different places using standard protocols. The general idea is to create an independent world using intelligent objects that have the ability to exchange information and make decisions. Connected objects allow users to monitor and track remotely and in real-time. IoT relies on the development of a low-power, high-throughput network to support communication between objects and their connection to the Internet. These networks are characterized by limited resources in terms of energy, memory, and processing. In the true sense of the Internet of Things, networks called 6LoWPAN were created, and a new routing protocol compatible with these networks, called RPL, was introduced. Due to the limited nature of RPL-based networks, they may be exposed to a variety of internal attacks. Neighbor attacks and DIS are specific attacks in this protocol. This study proposes a trust-based RPL routing protocol which deals with blackhole threats. Besides, it is shown that while our recommended system is secure against blackhole attacks, it doesn’t incur any unwanted expenses in terms of network traffic.
Factors Associated With The Prevalence And Severity of Nausea While Undergoing Radiation Among Women Diagnosed With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Harpel Caroline , Sereika Susan M. , Alsbrook Karen , Grayson Susan , Wesmiller Susan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of this study was to estimate radiation-induced nausea (RIN) prevalence and severity among 183 women with early-stage breast cancer and to identify its predictors. Methods. Among participants who underwent radiotherapy, a case-control design compared those who experienced RIN to those who did not. Nausea was measured weekly and operationalized on an 11-point scale with ‘0’ representing “no nausea” and ’10’ representing the “worst nausea ever experienced.” Participants self-reported these symptoms while undergoing radiotherapy. Predictor variables were identified using multivariable binary logistic regression for RIN prevalence and multiple linear regression for RIN severity. Results. Over forty percent (n=75) of participants undergoing radiotherapy experienced RIN, with a mean nausea severity rating of 3.27/10. Significant predictors of RIN prevalence were higher pain levels (p<0.0001), history of motion sickness (p=0.024), and younger age (p=0.032). Higher pain levels (p<0.0001), younger age (p=0.038) and history of postoperative nausea (p=0.042) were significant predictors of increased RIN severity. Conclusions. The RIN prevalence of 41.0 percent among study participants was higher than previously reported for patients undergoing breast radiotherapy. This could be due to the collection of weekly self-reported data that quantified RIN severity. Younger age, history of nausea, and higher average pain levels should be identified as potential RIN risk factors among patients with early-stage breast cancer. Risk factor identification at the onset of radiotherapy would allow for increased prophylactic mitigation of RIN.
Using Plasmonic Cloaking Method on Infinite Cylindrical Structures and its Applications
Authors: Rezaei Afsaneh , Mohajeri Farzad , Zarghani Zahra Hamzavi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In recent years, cloaking using materials with negative electric permittivity or magnetic permeability has been studied and researched. It has been demonstrated that covering an object with a cloak that has negative electric permittivity or magnetic permeability or less than one can cause a reduction of the scattering cross section (SCS) of the object. In this paper, we have solved the problem of scattering for the object and single-layer or multi-layer cylindrical cloaks and by doing so, we have obtained the necessary fundamental equations for designing these types of cloaks in two conditions, with and without considering the effects of coupling on the mathematics of solving the problem of scattering. Using the obtained equations we have demonstrated that by using this technique reducing the level of visibility of the object is possible.
New Metamaterial Absorber Based on Electromagnetic Coupling of Triangular SRR and Square SRRs for X-Band RADAR Applications
Authors: BERKA MOHAMMED , Bouguenna Driss , Bendaoudi Amina , Mahdjoub Zoubir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new metamaterial absorber (MA) is presented. The proposed absorber is a microwave structure constituted by a network of four split ring resonators (SRRs) of magnetic resonance and negative permeability (µ < 0); one resonator SRR central for triangular shape and three others resonators SRRs of the same square shape and the same dimensions. All resonators SRRs are printed on the upper surface of the FR4_Epoxy substrate (εr = 4.4; τgδ = 0.02), its dimensions are chosen to obtain the resonance in the X-band frequency. To eliminate the transmission, we add a copper conductive metal plate that will be etched on the upper face of the same substrate. The proposed MA is optimized for dimensions of (27.9 mm × 32 mm), its electromagnetic characteristics are studied for transverse electric (TE) polarization for different incidences and different inter-resonator spacing. The obtained results with the simulations performed by the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) show that our metamaterial absorber still has three peaks of different absorptions estimated at a maximum on the order of 98.76%. The main advantage of this study based on the proposed structure is that it is possible to control its absorption percentage for X-band radar applications.
A Spatial temporal classification analysis and visualization of tropical cyclone tracks in Bay of Bengal using GIS
Authors: N Vanitha , R Rene Robin C , D Doreen Hephzibah Miriam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TC) are among the most devastating forms of natural hazards and the east coast of India is more prone to TC landfall causing significant socio-economic impacts. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) which forms the eastern sub basin of North Indian Ocean experiences the seasonally reversing monsoon, depression and TCs. In this study TC best track dataset of NIO basin over the period 1960–2016 from the IBTrACKs archive maintained by NOAA are used. In this work Firefly optimization is coupled with FCM for TC tracks classification. The classical FCM uses random initialization of cluster centroid often gets trapped in local optimal problem. The firefly algorithm is applied on the FCM for the cluster centroid computation, in this way improving the efficiency of FCM algorithm. The obtained classes are then projected in the visualization space. Visualizations are generated using the GIS environment to gain insight into the spatial distribution of TC tracks over decades. This study aims to develop a comprehensive assessment of variability in tropical cyclones with respect to ENSO modulated events, inter decadal variability and track sinuosity. In this paper we attempt to convey the cognitive results of comparative visualizations of TC tracks over Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal sub basin during the strong, very strong El Niño and La Niña events. Finally we use Parallel Coordinate Plot (PCP) a visualization technique to demonstrate the correlation patterns of the TC parameters.
Predictors of internet addiction among medical students of North India
Authors: Dhamnetiya Deepak , Singh Satya Vir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The prevalence of internet addiction in India varies from 20% to 59% in undergraduate medical students. Therefore this study was planned to assess the prevalence, pattern and reason of internet usage and to assess predictors of internet addiction in medical undergraduate students.Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 medical undergraduate students in a medical college of North India from April 1st to May 31st, 2019.A self-designed semi-structured and pre tested questionnaire was used to know pattern and reasons associated with internet addiction (IA) and Dr. Kimberly Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) tool was used to measure level of IA. Discriminant analysis was used to assess predictors of internet addiction. Data was recorded in MS Excel and trial version of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) software was used for statistical analysis. Result Prevalence of internet addiction was found to be 90%, where prevalence of mild IA was 48.8% followed by moderate and severe IA, 38.8% and 2.4% respectively. Predictive accuracy of model based on socio-demographic, social media applications usage, Entertainment site usage, Educational site usage and final model were found to be 61.2%, 63.7%, 63.2%, 61.7% and 66.2% respectively.Conclusion Medical undergraduate students are highly vulnerable for internet addiction. We should create awareness among medical students regarding internet addiction and its potential harms; this could be included in foundation course of curriculum implementation support program (CISP) for MBBS students.
The Differences of Slovenian and Italian Daily Practices Experienced in the First Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pišot Saša , Šimunič Boštjan , Gentile Ambra , Bianco Antonino , Coco Gianluca Lo , Pišot Rado , Dird Patrik , Milovanović Ivana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic situation with the lockdown of public life caused serious changes in people's everyday practices. The study evaluates the differences between Slovenia and Italy in health-related everyday practices induced by the restrictive measures during first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The study examined changes through an online survey conducted in nine European countries from April 15-28, 2020. The survey included questions from a simple activity inventory questionnaire (SIMPAQ), the European Health Interview Survey, and some other questions. To compare changes between countries with low and high incidence of COVID-19 epidemic, we examine 956 valid responses from Italy (N=511; 50% males) and Slovenia (N=445; 26% males).Results: During the survey, there was a 4.7-fold higher incidence and 12.1-fold more deaths (per 100,000) in Italy than in Slovenia. Barring periods and measures were similar, the latter more stringent in Italy. We found more changes in Italy than in Slovenia: physical inactivity increased (Italy: +65% vs. Slovenia: +21%; p< 0.001), walking time decreased (Italy: -68% vs. Slovenia: -4.4%; p< 0.001); physical work increased by 38% in Slovenia (p< 0.001), and recreation time decreased by 37% in Italy (p< 0.001). Italians reported a decrease in quality of general health, fitness level, psychological well-being, and quality of life (p<0.001); Slovenians showed a decline in psychological well-being and quality of life (p<0.001) but generally had a higher concern for their own health (p=0.005). Changes in eating habits (meal size and consumption of unhealthy food), age and physical inactivity were positively correlated with increases in body mass, while changes in general well-being and concern for health were negatively correlated.Conclusion: The study highlights the implications of COVID-19 measures and epidemiological data and provides insight into the relationship between them and various lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 measures. These findings should be taken into consideration in the implementation of further measures to mitigate the COVI-19 pandemic.
Effects of Accumulated And Transient Heat Exposure On Schizophrenia Hospitalizations: A Time-Series Analysis On Hourly Temperature Basis
Authors: Tang Chao , Ji Yifu , Li Qingru , Yao Zhenhai , Cheng Jian , He Yangyang , Liu Xiangguo , Pan Rubing , Wei Qiannan , Yi Weizhuo , Su Hong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Growing studies have shown that high temperature is a potential risk factor of schizophrenia occurrence. Therefore, elaborate analysis of different temperature exposure patterns such as cumulative heat exposure within a time period and transient exposure at a particular time point, is of important public health significance. This study aims to utilize hourly temperature data to better capture the effects of cumulative and transient heat exposures on schizophrenia during the warm season in Hefei, China. Methods: We included the daily mean temperature and daily schizophrenia hospitalizations into the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to simulate the exposure-response curve and determine the heat threshold (19.4℃). We calculated and applied a novel indictor–daily excess heat hourly (DEHH) to examine the effects of cumulative heat exposure over a day on schizophrenia hospitalizations. Temperature measurements at each time point were also incorporated in the DLNM as independent exposure indicators to analyze the impact of transient heat exposure on schizophrenia. Results: Each increment of interquartile range (IQR) in DEHH was associated with elevated risk of schizophrenia hospitalizations from lag 1 (RR=1.036, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.016, 1.057) to lag 4 (RR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.046). Men and people over 40 years old were more susceptible to DEHH. Besides, we found a greater risk of heat-related schizophrenia hospitalizations between 0 am and 6 am.Conclusions: This study revealed the negative effects of accumulated and transient heat exposures on schizophrenia hospitalizations. Our findings need to be further tested in other regions with distinct regional features.
Gene Profiling of Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways in Neutrophils of Patients With Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wu Wei , Wang Yijie , Tong Lingjia , Hong Meng , Xia Qi , Chen Zhi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of neutrophils play a crucial role in detecting pathogens and organ/tissue injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, little is known about the exact mechanisms and the potential signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of TLR signaling pathways in neutrophils of ACLF patients.Methods: Twenty-seven patients with compensated cirrhosis (n=9), de-compensated cirrhosis (n=9) and ACLF (n=9) were enrolled in the study. Neutrophils were isolated, and alterations in TLR signaling pathways were evaluated using an RT² Profiler™ PCR Array. The fold change for each gene (2(-∆∆CT)) was compared among the groups. Genes with a fold change ratio of ≥2 or ≤0.5 along with a p value of < 0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed.Results: A total of 17 genes were up-regulated in neutrophils from patients with compensated cirrhosis, which were mainly distributed in adaptors, TLR-interacting proteins and downstream pathways. Six genes were detected in patients with de-compensated cirrhosis. A trend of down-regulation of genes in the TLR signaling pathway was observed in neutrophils of patients with cirrhosis and ACLF. TLR3, IFNG, IL1B, TBK1, CCL2 and LTA were downregulated in neutrophils. Moreover, CD14 and IL10 were up regulated in neutrophils of ACLF patients.Conclusions: TLR signaling pathway genes were differentially regulated in neutrophils between cirrhosis and ACLF. In ACLF patients, there was defective expression of TLR3 and IFN, along with enhanced CD14 and IL10 expression, characterized by transcriptional alterations of neutrophils.
Improving Rural Women’s Health in China: Cooking With Clean Energy
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Guanglai , Zhang Liguo , Zhou Yingheng , Zhang Ning 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is well known that women bear the greatest burden of health, time and labor supply due to gender disparity in many developing countries. In this study, we analyze the health inequality in rural China caused by indoor air pollution from traditional energy use. Specifically, we study the effect of clean energy access on woman health outcome by exploiting a nationwide rollout of clean cooking fuel program in 2014. Based on interviews with rural women in 2014 and 2016, this study analyzes the impact of clean energy use on women's health by using the Propensity Score Matching method with the Difference-in-Differences model (PSM-DID). We also analyze the heterogeneous health effects of clean energy uptake on rural women with different characteristics. The results show that clean energy applications can significantly improve the health of rural women. The positive health effects are substantial for middle-aged and older women, illiterate women and those women lived in northeastern China. The results highlight the role of clean energy in reducing gender disparities in health inequality. Therefore, the government in developing countries should do more to educate the people on the uses of clean energy and its benefits for women's health, provide technical and economic support for clean energy applications, and optimize clean energy promotion strategies.
Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Effects of Eryngium Billardieri on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Male Mice
Authors: Hosseini Kamran , Touri Elaheh , Vaez Haleh , Garjani Alireza , Asgharian Parina , Tarhriz Vahideh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: One of the largest plant genera of the Umbelliferae family is Eryngium including 274 species, of which only 9 species are native to Iran and one of the most dominant species is E. billardieri. Numerous pharmacological effects of E. billardieri such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant have been reported in several studies. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of E. billardieri on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male mice.Methods: The extraction was performed by maceration with 70% ethanol solvent. Forty eight mice, weighing 32 g, were randomly divided into 8 groups (6 mice per group): healthy control, diabetic control (151 mg/kg STZ; IP), healthy extract control group (receiving the high dose of the extract orally), diabetic groups (receiving low dose and high dose of extract in the form of IP and Oral), the treatment group which received STZ (IP) and high dose of the extract group (Oral) for five days. To induce diabetes, a single dose of STZ (151 mg/kg) was injected intra-peritoneally. After diabetes, 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of extract were injected into diabetic animals for 18 days as IP and Oral were given, and finally, serum samples were isolated and stored at -71 °C. Three days before surgery, OGTT test was performed.Results: IP injection of 300 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of E. billardieri reduced the weight of diabetic rats and significantly reduced glucose tolerance. Furthermore, gavage at a dose of 300 mg/kg of extract caused significantly the increase in serum insulin while the decrease in blood sugar, glucose tolerance and malondialdehyde. Conclusion: E. billardieri extract, due to its components, probably increases serum insulin and decreases serum malondialdehyde by two mechanisms including protects pancreatic beta cells from further damage by streptozotocin and stimulation of insulin secretion from the remaining healthy pancreatic beta cells. In other words, part of the beneficial effects of the extract is associated with inhibition of oxidative stress and increased insulin secretion.