bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of structural balance in stock markets
Authors: Ferreira Eva , Orbe Susan , Ascorbebeitia Jone , Álvarez Pereira Brais , Estrada Ernesto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe use rank correlations as distance functions to establish the interconnectivity between stock returns, building weighted signed networks for the stocks of seven European countries, the US and Japan. We establish the theoretical relationship between the level of balance in a network and stock predictability, studying its evolution from 2005 to the third quarter of 2020. We find a clear balance–unbalance transition for six of the nine countries, following the August 2011 Black Monday in the US, when the Economic Policy Uncertainty index for this country reached its highest monthly level before the COVID-19 crisis. This sudden loss of balance is mainly caused by a reorganization of the market networks triggered by a group of low capitalization stocks belonging to the non-financial sector. After the transition, the stocks of companies in these groups become all negatively correlated between them and with most of the rest of the stocks in the market. The implied change in the network topology is directly related to a decrease in stock predictability, a finding with novel important implications for asset allocation and portfolio hedging strategies.
S100A9/CD163 expression profiles in classical monocytes as biomarkers to discriminate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis from idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Yamashita Masahiro , Utsumi Yuh , Nagashima Hiromi , Nitanai Hiroo , Yamauchi Kohei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCirculating monocytes have pathogenic relevance in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we determined whether the cell surface levels of two markers, pro-inflammatory-related S100A9 and anti-inflammatory-related CD163, expressed on CD14strongCD16− classical monocytes by flow cytometry could discriminate IPF from idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP). Twenty-five patients with IPF, 25 with iNSIP, and 20 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in this study. The S100A9+CD163− cell percentages in classical monocytes showed a pronounced decrease on monocytes in iNSIP compared to that in IPF. In contrast, the percentages of S100A9−CD163+ cells were significantly higher in iNSIP patients than in IPF patients and healthy volunteers. In IPF patients, there was a trend toward a correlation between the percentage of S100A9+CD163− monocytes and the surfactant protein-D (SP-D) serum levels (r = 0.4158, [95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.02042–0.7191], p = 0.051). The individual percentages of S100A9+CD163− and S100A9−CD163+ cells were also independently associated with IPF through multivariate regression analysis. The unadjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) to discriminate IPF from iNSIP was (ROC-AUC 0.802, 95% CI [0.687–0.928]), suggesting that these are better biomarkers than serum SP-D (p < 0.05). This preliminary study reports the first comparative characterization of monocyte phenotypes between IPF and iNSIP.
Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Associated Factors in Older Adults at a Memory Clinic
Authors: Feijó Maria Eduarda Pinheiro Hüttner , Haas Patrícia , Hillesheim Danúbia , Xavier André Junqueira , Quialheiro Anna , d'Ávila Freitas Maria Isabel , de Paiva Karina Mary 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The prevalence of dementia has increased in recent years and, along with hearing loss, can negatively impact the health of older adults. The purpose of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to establish self-reported hearing loss and associated factors in older adults at a memory clinic.

Method

Researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on factors associated with self-reported hearing loss (i.e., lifestyle, general health, cognition, functional capacity). Data were taken from medical records of older adults (≥ 60 years old) who received care between 2017 and 2018 at a memory clinic located at the Southern Santa Catarina University in Brazil. Analysis included the Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression, estimation of the crude and adjusted odds ratios (
OR
), with respective confidence intervals of 95%.

Results

Researchers analyzed the medical records of 257 older adults and verified a prevalence of 13.2% of these adults with self-reported hearing loss. There was a higher prevalence of the outcome (i.e., self-reported hearing loss) in older adults who reported tinnitus (35.2%), those with mild cognitive impairment (14.7%), and those who were sedentary (19.2%). After adjustment for confusion factors, tinnitus (
OR
= 4.63;
p
= .019) and sedentarism (
OR
= 2.89;
p
= .029) were still associated with the outcome.

Conclusions
Tinnitus and sedentarism were associated with hearing loss in older adults receiving care at a memory clinic. As a public health issue, presbycusis needs to be included in the health planning and health promotion agendas, with effective control, prevention, and treatment measures.
Possible evidence for a supermassive binary black hole in 3C454.3
Authors: Qian S. J. , Britzen S. , Krichbaum T. P. , Witzel A. 
Published: June 2021

Context. The kinematic behaviors of thirteen superluminal components observed at 43 GHz in blazar 3C454.3 are investigated and model-fitted in terms of the precessing jet-nozzle scenario previously proposed.
Aims. In order to search for the possible precession of jet-nozzle and periodic ejection of superluminal components in 3C454.3, the thirteen components are divided into the following two groups: group-A and group-B. Group-A consists of six components (B4, B5, K2, K3, K09, and K14) and group-B consists of seven components (B1, B2, B3, B6, K1, K10, and K16).
Methods. For each component of group-A and group-B, the observed kinematic features (trajectory, core separation, coordinates, and apparent velocity versus time) were model-fitted in terms of our precessing jet-nozzle scenario, and its kinematic parameters (bulk Lorentz factor, viewing angle, apparent velocity, and Doppler factor versus time) were derived and compared with the observations.
Results. It is found that the superluminal components of group-A and group-B may be regarded to be produced by a double-jet system, consisting of jet-A and jet-B which ejects the components of group-A and group-B, respectively. Both jets are likely precessing with the same period of ∼10.5 yr (5.6 yr in the source frame) with modeled time coverages of ∼2 and ∼1.5 periods, respectively. The motion of these components in the inner-jet regions (core separation ≲0.3–0.5 mas) is explained to follow a precessing common trajectory respective for jet-A and jet-B. The recurrence of the curved trajectory for the pair of knots B6 and K10 exhibits a significant clue as to periodicity.
Conclusions. The analysis and explanation of the entire kinematics of the thirteen superluminal components observed in 3C454.3 in terms of our precessing jet-nozzle scenario might possibly imply that blazar 3C454.3 hosts a supermassive binary black hole, which creates two precessing relativistic jets pointing closely toward us with small angles.
Retrospective Evaluation of Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-centre Experience
Authors: Bağlan Esra , Özdel Semanur , Güngör Tülin , Çelikkaya Evra , Karakaya Deniz , Bülbül Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is one of the subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This type of disease accounts for approximately 10–20% of all cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It typically affects both sexes equally and is usually present in children under 5 years. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of patients who were followed up for the diagnosis of sJIA in a single centre, the treatments they received, the responses to the treatment and the course of the disease.
Methods All patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis who were evaluated at Dr Sami Ulus Maternity Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, between January 2017 and January 2020 were included in this study. Descriptive features, clinical information, medications, treatment responses and long-term prognosis of patients were evaluated retrospectively.
Results The study included 40 patients. 60% (n=24) of the patients were female and 40% (n=16) were male. The diagnosis age of the patients was 7.77±4.82 years and the patients were followed up for an average of 48±41 months. All of the patients had fever at the time of diagnosis. The 3 most common clinical signs after fever were arthralgia, hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy (65, 55 and 50%, respectively). Ten patients (32.5%) had macrophage activation syndrome at admission. No significant difference was detected between the groups with and without macrophage activation syndrome concerning age, gender and clinical findings. Leukocyte, haemoglobin, platelet and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were significantly lower in the macrophage activation syndrome group compared with the other group, and ferritin was significantly higher. The C-reactive protein value was higher in the group without macrophage activation syndrome, but the difference was not statistically significant. While all patients received corticosteroid therapy as the initial therapy, 87.5% of these patients were administered pulse methylprednisolone therapy. In the follow-up, 21 patients (52.5%) needed biological treatment. Twenty-seven patients (67.5%) had a monocyclic course, 3 patients (7.5%) had a polycyclic course and 10 patients (25%) had a persistent polyarticular course.
Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis are important because of the risk of developing macrophage activation syndrome – the most lethal complication. In our evaluation, it was seen that laboratory parameters could provide more guidance than clinical findings. Although steroids are the cornerstone of therapy, biological agents are effective in patients who are not responsive to steroid therapy.
Vitamin-D-Versorgung und die Gesundheit von schwangeren Frauen und Kindern bis zum Schulalter
Authors: Werken Anja , Obeid Rima 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDie derzeitige Studienlage weist Unklarheiten in Bezug auf Folgen einer Vitamin-D-Unterversorgung für Mutter und Kind sowie Plasma-Referenzwerte für Vitamin D und Aufnahmeempfehlungen auf. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht auf Basis einer systematischen Suche und Metaanalyse die Evidenzlage zum Zusammenhang von mütterlichem und kindlichem Vitamin D mit bestimmten gesundheitlichen Endpunkten.
Recurrent Sphenocavernous Meningioma
Authors: Inoue Mizuho , Labib Mohamed , Yang Alexander , Youssef A. Samy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA case of a recurrent sphenocavernous meningioma is presented. The patient is a 42-year-old male who presented with an episode of transient right-sided numbness. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large left sphenocavernous meningioma. The patient underwent a frontotemporal craniotomy for tumor resection. Near total resection was achieved with minimal residual in the left cavernous sinus (CS) and orbital apex. The pathology was consistent with meningioma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. A follow-up MRI was done 9 months after surgery and showed a growth of the residual tumor, which was treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy. Tumor growth was detected on serial imaging over a 4-year period. Surgical resection was offered. A left frontotemporal craniotomy with pretemporal transcavernous approach was performed. The bone flap was reopened and the dura was opened in a Y-shaped fashion. The roof of the optic canal was drilled off, and the falciform ligament was opened to decompress the optic nerve. The tumor was disconnected from the anterior clinoid region (the anterior clinoid process was eroded by the tumor) and reflected off the wall of the lateral CS. Tumor was adherent to the V2 fascicles (the lateral CS wall was resected in the first surgery) and was sharply dissected off. Gross total resection was achieved. The pathology was consistent with meningioma, WHO grade I. The patient had an unremarkable postoperative course without any new neurological deficits.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/KVBVw_86JqM.
Orchard management.
Authors: Mitra Sisir , Pathak P. K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Commercial production from a guava orchard begins on the third year after planting and cropping may continue for 40 years or more. The performance of an orchard depends on its management, which includes water and nutrient management, selection of the correct cultivars, planting technique, canopy management for flowering and fruiting, and improved light efficiency through pruning to optimize the quality of young and bearing trees. This chapter provides information on planting system, planting density, training and pruning, intercropping, and weed control in guava orchards.
Physiological disorders.
Authors: Tajidin Nor Elliza , Mohamad Munirah , Hamidon Azimah , Hassan Hamizah , Ahmad Siti H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Guavas are highly perishable fruits where the production and postharvest quality of guava are affected by micronutrient deficiencies that can lead to physiological disorders. Environmental variables such as temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances can also result in a disturbance in the plant metabolic activities and cause physiological disorders. It is crucial to understand several technical terms which identify the physiological and nutritional disorder symptoms, especially on guava fruit; for example, bronzing, chlorosis, lesion, scorching and others. This chapter discusses primary physiological disorders, including chilling injury, external and internal browning, sunscald, bronzing, fruit drop and nutrient deficiency.
Postharvest management.
Authors: Dole John M. , Faust James E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the main issues that need to be considered at every step in the postharvest handling system of cut flowers, i.e. temperature, water, sanitation, carbohydrates, disease and ethylene. Their impacts on the vase life and quality of various species are discussed as well as the importance of optimizing the postharvest life of cut flowers and foliage by proper cultivar selection before planting and the use of appropriate production systems.
CLIC pre-alignment — status and remaining challenges
Authors: Kemppinen Juha , Rude Vivien , Mainaud Durand Hélène , Mattila Jouni 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a study of a 3 TeV linear electron–positron (e+e−) accelerator and is a successor candidate for CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. The CLIC luminosity target is 5.9 × 1034 cm−2 s−1, which causes unprecedented pre-alignment requirements of its main linear accelerator (main linac). Along the 50 km long tunnel, the main components of any 200 m long section have to be positioned within 10 µm from a straight reference line. The pre-alignment challenge has been studied at CERN since the 1990s, and the main technical challenges have been solved. This article summarizes the positioning strategy and presents it to an audience outside the particle accelerator community. The methods can be of interest especially in the field of large-scale metrology. The positioning strategy consists of several steps or subsystems. The development of a straight reference line over tens of kilometers allows absolute positioning of accelerator components, while a process called fiducialization defines component reference axes with regard to alignment targets. Emphasis is on a support pre-alignment network that acts as a link between the straight reference line and fiducialization. The subsystems and remaining challenges in their development are presented. The chosen strategy’s potential is demonstrated experimentally by building a short test setup.
Tungsten boride shields in a spherical tokamak fusion power plant
Authors: Windsor Colin G. , Astbury Jack O. , Davidson James J. , McFadzean Charles J.R. , Morgan J. Guy , Wilson Christopher L. , Humphry-Baker Samuel A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The favourable properties of tungsten borides for shielding the central high temperature superconductor (HTS) core of a spherical tokamak fusion power plant are modelled using the MCNP code. The objectives are to minimize the power deposition into the cooled HTS core, and to keep HTS radiation damage to acceptable levels by limiting the neutron and gamma fluxes. The shield materials compared are W2B, WB, W2B5 and WB4 along with a reactively sintered boride B0.329C0.074Cr0.024Fe0.274W0.299, monolithic W and WC. Five shield thicknesses between 253 and 670 mm were considered, corresponding to plasma major radii between 1400 and 2200 mm. W2B5 gave the most favourable results with a factor of ∼10 or greater reduction in neutron flux and gamma energy deposition as compared to monolithic W. These results are compared with layered water-cooled shields, giving the result that the monolithic shields, with moderating boron, gave comparable neutron flux and power deposition, and (in the case of W2B5) even better performance. Good performance without water-coolant has advantages from a reactor safety perspective due to the risks associated with radio-activation of oxygen. 10B isotope concentrations between 0% and 100% are considered for the boride shields. The naturally occurring 20% fraction gave much lower energy depositions than the 0% fraction, but the improvement largely saturated beyond 40%. Thermophysical properties of the candidate materials are discussed, in particular the thermal strain. To our knowledge, the performance of W2B5 is unrivalled by other monolithic shielding materials. This is partly as its trigonal crystal structure gives it higher atomic density compared with other borides. It is also suggested that its high performance depends on it having just high enough 10B content to maintain a constant neutron energy spectrum across the shield.
Coordinated target tracking of two UAVs based on game theory approach and Lyapunov guidance vector fields
Authors: Shi Hanran , Lu Faxing , Qi Jiangxin , He Haotian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Considering the problems of the lack of tracking the intelligent target, which is “smart” enough to escape from the detection by maximizing the estimation error in the current tracking methods by multi-UAVs, a cooperative control method for tracking intelligent target by two UAVs is proposed based on Lyapunov guidance vector field. The mathematical model of an intelligent target is established. According to the multi-UAV distributed intelligent target state fusion estimation method, the target state information is obtained to control two UAVs to circle the target through the Lyapunov guidance vector method. The simulation results demonstrated that the method enables two UAVs to track the intelligent target stably and improve the intelligent target’s positioning accuracy effectively
Transient modelling and simulation of the forced arc extinguish period of the circuit breakers
Authors: Chen Daopin , Xie Zhiyang , Wang Zhenxing , Cao Zhiyuan , Yan Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Plasma transport during continuous extinction processes from high-current arcs to fully extinction is an important issue in the study of vacuum arcs. In this research a 3D hybrid plasma model has been developed to study the extinguish period of the DC vacuum arc. The model treats the electrons as a massless fluid and ions as macro particles. The ion-neutral collision processes including both charge exchange collisions and momentum exchange collisions are considered with Monte-Carlo method. By this approach, the vacuum arc model consists of plasma jets ejected from multiple cathode spots is established and the behaviours of ions under the collisions with neutral atoms are simulated. It is shown that a large number of low-speed ions are generated in the interelectrode region due to the chare exchange collisions between ions and neutrals. And as the arc current drops to zero, the proportion of low-speed ions to the total ions at each moment becomes higher and higher.
Design and Implementation of the“Internet plus” Intelligent power simulation and learning system
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun , Gao Feng , Wang Geng , Shi Jiaoyang , Yang Jianmei , Sun Aichun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing power simulation training system, this paper proposes a design of the Internet plus intelligence power simulation and learning system based on cloud computing, artificial intelligence and adaptive learning technology. The system solves the problems of dispatching, monitoring, operation and maintenance personnel unable to use fragmented time to carry out simulation learning at any time and anywhere, can not carry out adaptive learning according to learners’ knowledge and skills, lack of guidance and evaluation system in the process of distance autonomous learning, lack of interest in the system, and can not effectively stimulate the learning interest of learners. The research results of this paper have been successfully applied in Gansu Electric Power Company, with the characteristics of convenient use, high cost performance, more intelligent and so on, and obtained good training effect.
Research on Probabilistic Power Flow Calculation of DC Distribution Network
Authors: Lin E , Yu Xiao , Zhen MA , Yongqiang Zhu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the development of distributed power sources based on wind power and photovoltaics and the increase of DC loads, DC power grids have attracted more and more attention. Compared with the AC distribution network, the DC distribution network can save a lot of commutation links while absorbing a large amount of renewable energy and DC load, reducing losses and improving economic benefits. This paper combines the probabilistic power flow calculation method based on the three-point estimation method and the Nataf inverse transform used in the AC power grid with the DC power flow model, and proposes a method suitable for the probabilistic power flow calculation of the DC distribution network. Comparing the results and analyzing the in fluence of the load distortion rate and the increase in the capacity of new energy absorbed on the calculation error of the estimation method, it demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the calculation method in this paper.
Thermodynamic study of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle based on main compression intercooling configuration
Authors: Orjuela Abril M S , Bustos Urbano V J , Pabón León J A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study presents detailed thermodynamic modeling of a supercritical Brayton cycle operating with carbon dioxide as a working fluid for electric power generation. The study incorporates a main compression intercooling configuration while elucidating the effect of operational parameters on the overall performance based on energy and exergy perspectives. The model was carefully validated with relevant authors. Moreover, two different optimization methodologies, namely particle swarm optimization and fmincom, are evaluated based on convergence criteria. The results demonstrated that the fmincom reduced the iteration time between 140 s - 180 s. The cycle pressure played a central role in the stability of the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. The energy and exergy efficiencies present a direct relation with the inlet temperature. The air cooling and regenerators represent the biggest contributor to exergy destruction, whereas the compressors featured minimal impact on the exergy degeneration. Overall, the proposed configuration demonstrated robust performance to implement with high-grade heat sources, especially in non-interconnected areas.