bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potenzial grüner Wasserstoff: langer Weg der Entwicklung, kurze Zeit bis zur Umsetzung
Authors: Kruse Mirko , Wedemeier Jan 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Wasserstoff wird seit längerem diskutiert, doch jüngst hat es im Zuge des Corona-Konjunkturpakets des Bundes einen spürbaren Bedeutungszuwachs erfahren. Eine Wasserstoffwirtschaft verspricht die notwendige nachhaltige Transformation der Wirtschaft bei gleichzeitigem Erhalt der Industriestruktur, zusätzliche Arbeitsplätze und Wachstumspotenziale in einer resilienteren Ökonomie.
Kleinbetriebliche Wirtschaftsstruktur — ein regionaler Resilienzfaktor in der Corona-Krise?
Authors: Runst Petrik , Thomä Jörg , Haverkamp Katarzyna , Proeger Till 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungRegionalspezifische Wirtschaftsstrukturen haben einen Einfluss auf die Resilienz von Regionen in konjunkturellen Krisenzeiten. Noch unklar ist in diesem Zusammenhang die relative Bedeutung kleinerer Unternehmen. Haben sie hinsichtlich der Arbeitslosigkeitsentwicklung in der Corona-Pandemie als Stabilisator oder als Krisenverstärker gewirkt? Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ländliche und durch die Handwerkswirtschaft geprägte Regionen konjunkturell weniger von den negativen Arbeitsmarktfolgen der Krise betroffen waren. Als zentraler Befund zeigt sich, dass Kreise mit kleinbetrieblicheren Wirtschaftsstrukturen eine höhere Resilienz als Kreise mit großbetrieblicherer Struktur aufweisen.
Flexibles Inflationsziel für die Geldpolitik: nur neuer Wein in alten Schläuchen?
Authors: Sell Friedrich L. 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungMit altgedienten Sprachbildern sollte man sparsam umgehen. Und doch: Die von Jerome Powell, dem Chef der Federal Reserve (Fed), unlängst vorgeschlagene zukünftige Zielzone für Inflationsraten, möglicherweise verbunden mit einer Anhebung der durchschnittlichen, von der Fed angestrebten Preissteigerungsrate, erinnert stark an ein von der Deutschen Bundesbank in den 1990er Jahren durchaus erfolgreich praktiziertes Modell. Damals stand allerdings nicht die Inflationsrate selbst, sondern die Wachstumsrate der Geldmenge im Fokus.
Risk attribution and interconnectedness in the EU via CDS data
Authors: Giacometti R. , Torri G. , Farina G. , De Giuli M. E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe global financial crisis in 2008, and the European sovereign debt crisis in 2010, highlighted how credit risk in banking sectors cannot be analysed from a uniquely micro-prudential perspective, focused on individual institutions, but it has instead to be studied and regulated from a macro-prudential perspective, considering the banking sector as a complex system. Traditional risk management tools often fail to account for the complexity of the interactions in a financial system, and rely on simplistic distributional assumptions. In recent years machine learning techniques have been increasingly used, incorporating tools such as text mining, sentiment analysis, and network models in the risk management processes of financial institutions and supervisors. Network theory applications in particular are increasingly popular, as they allow to better model the intertwined nature of financial systems. In this work we set up an analytical framework that allows to decompose the credit risk of banks and sovereign countries in the European Union according to systematic (system-wide and regional) components. Then, the non-systematic components of risk are studied using a network approach, and a simple stress-test framework is set up to identify the potential transmission channels of distress and risk spillovers. Results highlight a relevant component of credit risk that is not explained by common factors, but can still be a potential vehicle for the transmission of shocks. We also show that due to the properties of the network structure, the transmission of shocks applied to different institutions is quite diversified, both in terms of breadth and speed. Our work is useful to both regulators and financial institutions, thanks to its flexibility and its requirement of data that can be easily available.
Removing day-boundary discontinuities on GNSS clock estimates: methodology and results
Authors: Rovira-Garcia Adrià , Juan José Miguel , Sanz Jaume , González-Casado Guillermo , Ventura-Traveset Javier , Cacciapuoti Luigi , Schoenemann Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) satellites are equipped with very stable atomic clocks that can be used for assessing the models and strategies involved in the estimation processes, where the clock estimates should present high stability. For instance, GNSS products (including satellite and receiver clocks) are computed on daily basis, i.e., with the data of each day being processed independently from other days. This choice produces the well-known day-boundary discontinuities (DBDs) on clock estimates that stem from the estimation process, rather than to the nature of the atomic clock itself. The aim of the present contribution is to propose a strategy to estimate the satellite and receiver clock offsets that is capable to reduce the DBDs observed in the products of different analysis centers (ACs) within the International GNSS Service (IGS), ultimately improving the accuracy of clock estimates. Our approach relies on the use of unambiguous, undifferenced and uncombined carrier phase measurements collected by a network of permanent receivers on ground. The strategy considers the carrier phase hardware delays and assumes their possible variations along time. Our daily data processing aims to maintaining the natural continuity over days of the carrier phase measurements after integer ambiguity resolution (IAR), even if IAR is performed on daily batches. We compare our clock estimations with those computed by different IGS ACs, evaluating the linear behavior of the satellite atomic clocks on the day change. The results show the removal of DBD on clock estimates computed with the continuous and unambiguous carrier phase measurements. This DBD improvement may benefit the statistical characterization of long-term phenomena correlated with the on-board clocks.
Does Fixed-Term Employment Have Spillover Effects on the Well-Being of Partners? A Panel Data Analysis for East and West Germany
Authors: Scheuring Sonja , Voßemer Jonas , Baranowska-Rataj Anna , Tattarini Giulia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper answers three research questions: What is the impact of fixed-term employment on the well-being of partners? How do these spillover effects differ by gender, and do gender differences depend on socialization in East or West Germany? Do individual well-being, perceived job insecurity, and financial worries mediate the spillover effects? We use longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), 1995–2017, and a sample of heterosexual couples living together, to estimate fixed-effects panel regression models. In contrast to previous studies, we consider asymmetric effects of entering and leaving fixed-term contracts by focusing on transitions from unemployment into fixed-term and fixed-term into permanent jobs. Confirming previous research on spillover effects of unemployment, we find that fixed-term re-employment increases partners’ well-being and that these effects are larger in case of re-employment by men and partners’ socialization in West Germany. We also show that transitions from fixed-term to permanent jobs do not substantially increase the well-being of partners with little differences by gender and place of socialization. While the spillover effect of re-employment is mediated by changes in the well-being of the individual re-entering the labor market, changes in job insecurity and financial worries due to transitions from fixed-term to permanent jobs are too small to produce meaningful effects on well-being. Although fixed-term contracts have been referred to as a new source of inequality, our results show that they cause little difference in the well-being of individuals and their partners and that finding a job matters more than the type of contract.
Academic resilience: underlying norms and validity of definitions
Authors: Ye Wangqiong , Strietholt Rolf , Blömeke Sigrid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcademic resilience refers to students’ capacity to perform highly despite a disadvantaged background. Although most studies using international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data defined academic resilience with two criteria, student background and achievement, their conceptualizations and operationalizations varied substantially. In a systematic review, we identified 20 ILSA studies applying different criteria, different approaches to setting thresholds (the same fixed ones across countries or relative country-specific ones), and different threshold levels. Our study on the validity of these differences and how they affected the composition of academically resilient students revealed that the classification depended heavily on the threshold applied. When a fixed background threshold was applied, the classification was likely to be affected by the developmental state of a country. This could result in an overestimation of the proportions of academically resilient students in some countries while an underestimation in others. Furthermore, compared to the application of a social or economic capital indication, applying a cultural capital indicator may lead to lower shares of disadvantaged students classified as academically resilient. The composition of academically resilient students varied significantly by gender and language depending on which indicator of human capital or which thresholds were applied reflecting underlying societal characteristics. Conclusions drawn from such different results depending on the specific conceptualizations and operationalizations would vary greatly. Finally, our study utilizing PISA 2015 data from three countries representing diverse cultures and performance levels revealed that a stronger sense of belonging to a school significantly increased the chances to be classified as academically resilient in Peru, but not in Norway or Hong Kong. In contrast, absence from school was significantly associated with academic resilience in Norway and Hong Kong, but not in Peru.
Evidence for variable chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem I in vivo
Authors: Schreiber Ulrich , Klughammer Christof 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoom temperature fluorescence in vivo and its light-induced changes are dominated by chlorophyll a fluorescence excited in photosystem II, F(II), peaking around 685 nm. Photosystem I fluorescence, F(I), peaking around 730 nm, so far has been assumed to be constant in vivo. Here, we present evidence for significant contributions of F(I) to variable fluorescence in the green unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris, the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis and a light-green ivy leaf. A Multi-Color-PAM fluorometer was applied for measurements of the polyphasic fluorescence rise (O-I1-I2-P) induced by strong 440 nm light in a dilute suspension of Chlorella, with detection alternating between emission above 700 nm (F > 700) and below 710 nm (F < 710). By averaging 10 curves each of the F > 700 and F < 710 recordings even small differences could be reliably evaluated. After equalizing the amplitudes of the O-I1 phase, which constitutes a specific F(II) response, the O-I1-I2 parts of the two recordings were close to identical, whereas the I2-P phase was larger in F > 700 than in F < 710 by a factor of 1.42. In analogous measurements with Synechococcus carried out in the dark state 2 using strong 625 nm actinic light, after O-I1 equalization the I2-P phase in F > 700 exceeded that in F < 710 even by a factor of 1.99. In measurements with Chlorella, the I2-P phase and with it the apparent variable fluorescence of PS I, Fv(I), were suppressed by moderate actinic background light and by the plastoquinone antagonist DBMIB. Analogous measurements with leaves are rendered problematic by unavoidable light intensity gradients and the resulting heterogenic origins of F > 700 and F < 710. However, a light-green young ivy leaf gave qualitatively similar results as those obtained with the suspensions, thus strongly suggesting the existence of Fv(I) also in leaves.
Disclosure quality vis-à-vis disclosure quantity: Does audit committee matter in Omani financial institutions?
Authors: Al Lawati Hidaya , Hussainey Khaled , Sagitova Roza 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe examine the impact of audit committee (AC) characteristics (e.g. AC foreign members, AC female members, AC members with multiple directorships, AC members with share ownership and AC with financial and supervisory expertise) on forward-looking disclosure (FLD) quality and quantity. Using a sample of Omani financial companies listed on Muscat Securities Market over a five-year period (2014–2018), we find that a number of AC characteristics (such as AC size, AC female members and AC with multiple directorships) improve FLD quality. We make no such observation for FLD quantity. The results suggest that the responsibility of AC extends to improving the quality of FLD. We provide an additional analysis on the impact of AC effectiveness (ACE) on FLD quality, which suggests that companies’ compliance with CG code is beneficial for disclosure quality. We also find that the impact of ACE on FLD quality is influenced by corporate performance, leverage and the quality of external auditors. Our findings carry implications for the regulatory bodies’ efforts in encouraging companies to improve disclosure quality by considering AC characteristics as well as appointing more effective AC directors.
Gender differences in the sleep variables contributing to excessive daytime sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Honig Eliya , Green Amit , Dagan Yaron 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a main symptom in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, patients with OSA have significant variability in their reported EDS which cannot be fully explained by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences regarding the sleep test variables contributing to excessive daytime sleepiness.MethodsRetrospective study of 578 men and 270 women with suspected OSA who underwent home overnight sleep test. We assessed the correlation between sleep test variables and EDS, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsAmong the group of men, correlation was found between ESS to BMI (r = .107,p = .010), AHI (r = .158,p < .001), number of apneas (r = .129,p = .002), number of hypopneas (r = .115,p = .006), number of blood oxygen desaturations (r = .145,p  < .001), and percent of time the blood oxygen saturation was under 90% (r = .130,p = .002). However, among the group of women, no significant correlation was found between any of the sleep test parameters or BMI to ESS. Among the group of women, a negative correlation was found between age and EDS (r = − .208,p < .001).ConclusionMen showed correlations between sleep test variables and EDS, while women did not show such correlations. The results suggest that men’s sleepiness is more influenced by OSA and sleep variables compared to women. To our knowledge, this is the first study which shows difference between genders in the influence of sleep variables and OSA on EDS.
Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study
Authors: Värendh Maria , Janson Christer , Bengtsson Caroline , Hellgren Johan , Holm Mathias , Schlünssen Vivi , Johannessen Ane , Franklin Karl , Storaas Torgeir , Jõgi Rain , Gislason Thorarinn , Lindberg Eva 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Humans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms.

Methods
In the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999–2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010–2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112).

Results
Nasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22–1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02–1.47).

Conclusion
Nasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.
Interpretational Complexities in Developmental Research and a Piagetian Reading of the False-Belief Task
Authors: Choifer Alla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTheorizing about children’s early development is beset with interpretational complexities. I argue that there is a general tendency to over-interpret the experimental findings, and that one of the main causes of this is the difficulty of disengaging from our adult frame of reference when theorizing about the young child’s mind. One domain where this holds is children’s ability to differentiate themselves from others. In relation to this I first critically analyze some cases of interpretational complexities, and then apply my methodological and conceptual concerns to children’s perspective-taking abilities. This has a specific bearing on the classical false-belief task, which is a perspective-taking task. Part II proposes a new, what I call, a ‘Piagetian reading’ of the false-belief test. My new interpretation of the test suggests two different ways of perspective-taking of which one is egocentric in Piaget’s sense. Concluding Part III elaborates on some implications of the proposed reading of the test for a number of findings in the Theory-of-Mind field.
Il prelievo selettivo dalle vene surrenaliche nella diagnosi di sottotipo dell’iperaldosteronismo primario
Authors: Bollati Martina , Bioletto Fabio , Lopez Chiara , Parasiliti-Caprino Mirko , Ghigo Ezio , Maccario Mauro 
Published: January 2021

SommarioL’iperaldosteronismo primario è la causa più frequente di ipertensione arteriosa secondaria e si associa ad aumentato rischio cardiovascolare. Il prelievo venoso selettivo surrenalico costituisce il gold standard nella diagnosi di sottotipo tra forme bilaterali e unilaterali, consentendo un adeguato approccio terapeutico. La sua diffusione è limitata in quanto si tratta di un esame di notevole difficoltà tecnica. Pertanto, risulta necessario eseguire tale procedura in centri di riferimento.
Implantation of the ZSI 475 FTM Erectile Device After Phalloplasty: A Prospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Verla Wesley , Goedertier Wouter , Lumen Nicolaas , Spinoit Anne-Françoise , Waterloos Marjan , Waterschoot Mieke , Buncamper Marlon , Monstrey Stan , Hoebeke Piet 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundUntil recently, all available erectile devices were manufactured in accordance with the anatomy of a native penis and led to high explantation rates when implanted in the neophallus.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate surgical outcomes after implantation of the ZSI 475 FTM in the neophallus; this is the first erectile device specifically manufactured for implantation after phalloplasty.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of patients undergoing implantation of the ZSI 475 FTM in the neophallus at a tertiary referral center since September 2017. Patients with a follow-up &lt; 3 months were excluded from this analysis.OutcomesIntraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed with descriptive statistics and explantation-free survival was assessed using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.RESULTSIn total, 57 patients were included with a median (IQR) follow-up of 16 (10-21) months. No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications were seen in 18 of 57 (32%) patients and included cylinder protrusion (1/57, 1.8%), infection (8/57, 14%), malpositioning (4/57, 7.0%), mechanical failure (4/57, 7.0%), and urinary retention (1/57, 1.8%). A total of 13 of 57 (23%) devices were explanted which corresponds with an estimated explantation-free survival rate (SD) of 84% (4.9), 80% (5.6), and 80% (5.6) after, respectively, 6, 12, and 18 months of follow-up.Clinical implicationsBy better addressing the specific needs after phalloplasty, this innovative erectile device might lead to improved cylinder protrusion, malpositioning, and mechanical failure rates, but device infection remains common.Strengths & limitationsThis is the largest study on this topic to date and the first to report prospective data. Main limitations involve the relatively small sample size and the limited follow-up.CONCLUSIONShort-term cylinder protrusion, malpositioning, and mechanical failure rates are encouraging, although device infection remains a common problem. These complications resulted in a device explantation rate of 23%.
Europe's ambition for digital sovereignty must not undermine the Internet's values
Authors: Komaitis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2021

One reason for the Internet's success is that its architecture was not an outcome of politics. So it's important that Europe avoids imposing centralised control. Digital sovereignty largely manifests itself in Europe in the form of data. However, focusing blindly on a strict interpretation of sovereignty, without trying to retrofit the Internet, will mean that the Internet will be weakened, to the detriment of Europe, its users and the Internet itself, argues Konstantinos Komaitis of the Internet Society. Despite increased efforts for more integration, Europe has always been rife with social, cultural and economic contradictions. Some economic ones came to the forefront during the 2008 financial crisis and demonstrated the deep divide between Europe's north and south. That divide was put to rest through multiple bailout programmes that left many dissatisfied but which managed to put a brake on the trend towards separation and disunity.
Investigating the neural substrates of Antagonistic Externalizing and social-cognitive Theory of Mind: an fMRI examination of functional activity and synchrony
Authors: Weiss Brandon , Jahn Andrew , Hyatt Courtland S. , Owens Max M. , Carter Nathan T. , Sweet Lawrence H. , Miller Joshua D. , Haas Brian W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently developed quantitative models of psychopathology (i.e., Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology) identify an Antagonistic Externalizing spectrum that captures the psychological disposition toward criminal and antisocial behavior. The purpose of the present study was to examine relations between Antagonistic psychopathology (and associated Five-Factor model Antagonism/Agreeableness) and neural functioning related to social-cognitive Theory of Mind using a large sample (N= 973) collected as part of the Human Connectome Project (Van Essen et al., 2013a). No meaningful relations between Antagonism/Antagonistic Externalizing and Theory of Mind-related neural activity or synchrony were observed (p< .005). We conclude by outlining methodological considerations (e.g., validity of social cognition task and low test–retest reliability of functional biomarkers) that may account for these null results, and present recommendations for future research.