bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Mechanical And Impact Performance Of High Strength Tempo Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibril (TOCNF) - Epoxy Laminates
Authors: Forti Endrina Stefani , Betancourt-Jimenez Daniela , Schueneman Gregory T , Moon Robert J , Youngblood Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, TEMPO cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) laminates were fabricated using a layup method. Two different TOCNF layers were tested, a neat TOCNF and a TOCNF with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) strengthening aid with four different epoxy formulations as interlayers for the laminates. Flexural testing showed a correlation between the presence of stronger layers (TOCNF + PVA) in the laminate with a higher flexural strength, bending modulus, and work of failure. Different modes of fracture within the laminates occurred based on epoxy type. A stiffer epoxy generated a reduced mechanical response and substantial interlayer damage. On the other hand, a more ductile epoxy increased the WOF of the laminates, inducing a higher delamination at the interface. The addition of a silane coupling agent (APTES) resulted in a higher compatibility between the TOCNF and epoxy, generating an increased ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a decreased energy to rupture associated with the reduction of crack digression mechanisms in the system. In general, laminates with stronger TOCNF layers (TOCNF + PVA) and increased adhesion (APTES), showed a flexural strength increase of 61%, a bending modulus increase of 80% and the same WOF when compared with the original laminates. Finally, impact testing of TOCNF materials was performed for the first time in literature, the specific energy to rupture of laminates was comparable to those achieved by acrylic and borosilicate glass, while maintaining a higher or similar specific strength to glass. Laminates showed good transparency and low haziness.
Kiss Flaps to Repair Large Skin Defect After Excision of Giant Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Luo Yuwei , Zou Chang , Hu Jintao , Zhao Pan , Zhang Yayuan , Liu Jianlan , Zhou Wenbin , Zhou Dongxian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are fairly rare and fast-growing tumors. They do not respond to chemotherapy or hormonal therapy except in malignant phyllodes tumors. Therefore, the primary treatment for malignant phyllodes tumors is wide surgical excision. Case presentation: Herein, we report a case study which featured a 26-year-old woman presented with a giant malignant phyllodes tumor measuring 20 × 17 × 13 cm. In order to reduce the chance of local recurrence, treatment for these types of tumors usually involves extensive excision with at least 1 cm of surgical margins. The patient underwent extended lumpectomy with 1-3 cm surgical margins, which left a large skin defect of 25 × 15 cm. Repair of such a large skin defect is a challenge to breast surgeons. This is the first reported case in which a “kiss” flap was successfully used to repair the skin defect created after resection of a giant malignant phyllodes tumor.Conclusions: The kiss flap could be considered as an effective method to repair large chest wall defects after resection of giant phyllodes tumors.
The True Infection Mortality Rate of COVID-19 During the Spring 2020 Wave
Authors: De Visscher Alex , Patricio Paolla Pinheiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Estimations of the infection mortality rate of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, are prone to biases due to underdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives, and time lag between diagnosis and death. With a systematic analysis that combines epidemiological modeling of COVID-19 in Spain and in the state of New York, and results of random immunological testing in the spring of 2020 in both locations, most of the bias is eliminated and any remaining bias is evaluated and reported as an uncertainty estimate. A true infection mortality rate of 1.45 ± 0.45 % is obtained, representing an average for the two locations, and obtained with a different technique to minimize the effect of potential biases. In the absence of specific local data, this number can be used for the first wave of COVID-19 in OECD countries. This mortality rate estimate of the new coronavirus is sufficiently accurate to be used as a basis for policy decisions. When differences in age distribution between Spain and the state of New York are accounted for, tentative infection mortality rates of 1.18 ± 0.26 % and 1.94 ± 0.43 % are put forward for New York and Spain, respectively.
Quantum Key Secure Communication Protocol via Enhanced Superdense Coding
Authors: Mastriani Mario 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques stand out above all others: Quantum key Distribution (QKD), and Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC). The first one has four loopholes relating to the exposure of the key at all points in the communication system, while the second has clear practical implementation problems in all its variants currently in use. Here, we present an alternative to QKD and QSDC techniques called quantum key secure communication (QKSC) protocol with a successful implementation on two free access quantum platforms.
Distinct Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Minyue , Gao Fei , Peng Ling , Shen Lijing , Zhao Peng , Ni Beiwen , Hou Jian , Huang Honghui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However, no clear consensus has been reached about the clinical features and the effective treatment in HCV-associated NHL patients. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the clinical characteristics and effect of antiviral treatment or rituximab administration in NHL patients with HCV infection.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID database were searched for eligible studies up to Feb 28, 2021. Hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) corresponding to 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to estimate outcomes. Publication biases were assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Statistical analysis was performed by software RevMan 5.4 and Stata version 15.Results: There were 27 shortlisted articles out of a total of 13368 NHL patients included in the current meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that NHL patients with HCV infection showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS: HR 1.89; 95% CI 1.42-2.51, P<0.0001) and progress-free survival (PFS: HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.26-1.98, P<0.0001), lower overall response rate (ORR: OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.73, P<0.00001) and higher incidence of hepatic dysfunction during chemotherapy (OR 5.96; 95% CI 2.61-13.62, P<0.0001) compared with NHL patients without HCV infection. HCV-positive NHL patients exhibited advanced disease stage, elevated level of LDH, high-intermediate and high IPI/FLIPI risk as well as higher incidence of spleen and liver involvement. Moreover, antiviral treatment could prolong survivals (OS: HR 0.38; 95% CI 0.24-0.60, P<0.0001), reduce disease progression [PFS/DFS (disease-free survival): HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.46-0.86, P=0.003] and reinforce treatment response (ORR: OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.34-5.11, P=0.005) in HCV-infected NHL patients. Finally, rituximab administration was associated with a favorable OS while liver cirrhosis and low levels of albumin were inferior prognostic factors of OS for HCV-positive NHL patients. Conclusions: The current study provided the compelling evidence about an inferior prognosis and distinct clinical characteristics in HCV-associated NHL patients. Antiviral treatment and rituximab-containing regimes were shown to be efficacious to improve clinical outcomes of NHL patients with HCV infection.
The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation as an Adjuvant Therapy on the Abundance of Treg Cells in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Payandeh Payam , Rastin Maryam , Iravani Farzaneh , Khoshkhui Maryam , Layegh pouran , salehi Maryam , Jabbari Farahzad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and severely Pruritus cutaneous disease that has an immunologic base. The most common treatments are topical steroids, which bring many adverse side effects. Vitamin D can adjust the immune system; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D on the abundance of Treg cells in AD patients. MethodsIn this interventional study, 40 subjects who completed the intervention were enrolled, including 20 AD patients (as the experimental group) and 20 healthy subjects (as the control group). Accordingly, the subjects whose vitamin D levels was less than 30 ng/ml were assigned to receive vitamin D (1000 IU) daily for a 2-month duration. The severity of AD was evaluated based on SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) and the amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells was also assessed using Flow cytometry. ResultsAverage serum level of vitamin D before performing the treatment in the experimental (14/90±4/5) and control groups (15/95±5/0) was lower than that of after the treatment (experimental group 24/60±5/2 and control group 23/60±7/3) (P<0.001). As well, there was a significant difference between the average scores of SCORAD after the vitamin D intervention (P<0.001). The amount of Treg cells significantly increased in the experimental group (P=0.002, Diff=0.35) after performing the intervention.Conclusionit was found that besides conventional medicines, Vitamin D can be adjusted as an effective complementary therapy by modulating the immune system.Trial registration: IRCT20150716023235N13, Registered 11 Feb 2018, https://www.irct.ir
The effect of SORT1 rs: 599839 polymorphism on lipid profiles in Turkish population Runing Title: Relationship of rs599839 and lipid profiles
Authors: akadam-teker başak , TEKER Erhan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

The SORT1 gene encoding Sortilin-1 (SORT1), a receptor of the VPS10p family, is localized at 1p13.3. SORT1 has been associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in genome wide association studies (GWAS) due to its association with hepatic lipid metabolism and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Various variations on the SORT1 gene region cause different effects on lipid profiles. Our aim in this study; To determine whether the SORT1 (599839) gene variants have an effect on CHD development and lipid parameters in Turkish population.
Materials and Method

In this case-control study, the study group consisting of 396 men (209 CHD/187 controls) was genotyped in terms of SORT1 rs: 599839 polymorphism using TaqMan 5 'Allelic Discrimination Test.
Results

There is no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of SORT1 rs599839 genotypes (p = 0.81). The presence of the G allele caused lower Total-C (p = 0.005, p = 0.032, respectively) and LDL-C (respectively; p = 0.005, p = 0.040) levels in both patient and control groups, while higher HDL-Cholesterol (p = 0.001, p = 0.006) levels were observed, respectively.
Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the SORT1 rs599839 polymorphism does not contribute directly to the pathogenesis of CHD. However, the presence of the minor G allele lowered Total-cholesterol and LDL-C levels and caused an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. This situation gave the impression that the presence of the minor G allele has a positive effect on the lipid profile and is protective against CHD.
Fully-Automated Identification of Brain Abnormality From Whole Body FDG PET Imaging by Deep-Learning Based Brain Extraction
Authors: Whi Wonseok , Choi Hongyoon , Paeng Jin Chul , Kang Keon Wook , Lee Dong Soo , Cheon Gi Jeong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The whole brain is often covered in [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) in oncology patients, but the covered brain abnormality is typically screened by visual interpretation without quantitative analysis in clinical practice. In this study, we aimed to develop a fully automated quantitative interpretation pipeline of brain volume from an oncology PET image.Method: We retrospectively collected five hundred oncologic [18F]FDG-PET scans for training and validation of the automated brain extractor. We trained the model for extracting brain volume with two manually drawn bounding boxes on maximal intensity projection (MIP) images. ResNet-50, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used for the model training. The brain volume was automatically extracted using the CNN model and spatially normalized. As an application of this automated analytic method, we enrolled twenty-four subjects with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and performed voxelwise two-sample T-test for automatic detection of metastatic lesions.Result: The deep learning-based brain extractor successfully identified the existence of whole-brain volume, with the accuracy of 98% for the validation set. The performance of extracting the brain measured by the intersection-over-union (IOU) of 3-D bounding boxes was 72.9±12.5% for the validation set. As an example of the application to automatically identify brain abnormality, this approach successfully identified the metastatic lesions in three of the four cases of SCLC patients with brain metastasis. Conclusion: Based on the deep-learning based model, the brain volume was successfully extracted from whole-body FDG PET. We suggest this fully automated approach could be used for the quantitative analysis of brain metabolic pattern to identify abnormality during clinical interpretation of oncologic PET studies.
Sliding Mode Observer-based Control of Teleoperation System With Uncertain Dynamics and Kinematics
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Wang Fujie , Wen Guilin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper concentrates on the control issue of nonlinear teleoperators in the presence of uncertain dynamics and kinematics. An observer-based control framework is introduced to compensate for the unfavorable effects arising from the uncertainties. The employment of the proposed sliding mode observers provide control system with the ability of finite-time estimation errors convergence, upon which, it is demonstrated that the bilateral teleoperators are stable and both of position and velocity tracking can be achieved with uncertain dynamics in joint space. Due to the practical requirement of driving the end-effectors to perform specific tasks, the control law which can ensure position coordination with uncertain dynamics and kinematics in task space is subsequently developed. The Lyapunov method is applied to demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system. Simulation results are provided to testify the performance of the suggested algorithm.
Artificial Lightning Strike Tests and Coupled Electrical–Thermal Analysis on Roofing Glazed Tiles of Ancient Buildings
Authors: Li Jingxiao , Fang Zhiling , Fu Lin , Fu Shangchen , Shi Lihua , Li Yun , Huo Peidong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lightning strike is one of the natural disasters to the roof components of ancient buildings. To investigate the causes and damage effects of lightning strikes on the roofing glazed tiles of ancient buildings, artificial lightning strike tests were carried out on glazed tiles. Based on the experiment results, a coupled electrical–thermal finite element model of mortar-containing glazed tiles was established and the Joule heat effect of lightning current was further investigated. The results show that when the lightning channel is attached to the surface of the enamel and body with a low electrical conductivity, the lightning current is mainly released in the form of surface flashover, and a minor damage is induced along the flashover path; when the lightning channel is attached to the mortar with a high electrical conductivity, the lightning current is injected into the mortar, resulting in significant tile damage. The spatial distributions of the temperature present clear gradient characteristics. The high-temperature area appears in the mortar while the high–thermal–stress area appears in the body connected to the grounding rail. As the peak of the lightning current increases, both the high-temperature and high–thermal–stress areas of the glazed tiles expand. The combination of the experiments and the numerical analysis results demonstrate that the damage mechanism of lightning Joule heat effect to glazed tiles may include two aspects. One is the internal explosive force generated from the sharp vaporization and expansion of the moisture inside the tiles due to rapid temperature increase, and the other is the thermal stress caused by the uneven temperature distribution.
Treatment and Outcome of Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) Aneurysms: Helsinki Series of 15 Consecutive Patients.
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad , Hafez Ahmad , Kaukovalta Hanna , Jahromi Behnam , Kivisaari Riku , Hänggi Daniel , Niemelä Mika 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) aneurysms are rare posterior circulation lesions that are challenging to treat.Objectives: To present the treatment and clinical outcome of AICA aneurysms in an unselected cohort of patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient record files, DSA and CT angiography images of 15 consecutive patients harboring AICA aneurysms treated between 1968 to 2017. Results: Eighty percent of the AICA aneurysm patients were females. Twenty percent presented with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 40% had intraventricular hemorrhage. Eleven (73%) patients suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); a good-grade SAH (Hunt and Hess grade 1-3) was observed in 82 % SAH patients. Surgery was performed in 73 % patients. Coil embolization was done in 7% patients and 20 % patients were treated conservatively. In 73 % patients retrosigmoid approach was used and in 27 % patients a sub-temporal approach with anterior petrosectomy was applied. A parent vessel occlusion was needed to occlude the aneurysm in 18 % patients.Conclusion: Surgical treatment of AICA aneurysms has a high rate of cranial nerve deficits but most of patients have a good long-term clinical outcome. Surgical treatment may be an option only in selected cases of AICA aneurysms.
Quantification of Early Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Through 7.0 T Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping in a Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Hongkai , Shi Chun-Yan , Yang Lin , Zhang Nan , Li Guo-qi , Zhou Zhen , Gao Yi-feng , Liu Dong-ting , Xu Lei , Fan Zhan-ming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Diffuse myocardial interstitial fibrosis (DMIF) is a key factor for heart failure (HF) in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study examined the accuracy of the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of early DMIF in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mouse model through 7.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-based T1 mapping.Methods Eight-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were randomly divided into control (n = 20) and T1DM (n = 30, induced by a low dose streptozotocin dose of 60 mg/kg) groups. The progression of DMIF was examined every 4 weeks until 24 weeks after successful establishment of the model. Cardiac functional and morphological parameters were evaluated through echocardiography by using a high-resolution ultrasound cardiovascular system. A 7.0 T CMR scan was performed using the pre- and post-contrast GRE Look–Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequence. The extracellular volume fraction (ECV) was calculated from CMR and hematocrit data. Sirius Red staining was simultaneously performed in each group to detect DMIF and calculate the collagen volume fraction (CVF). Differences in ECV and CVF values between two groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. The correlation between ECV and CVF values was assessed using the Pearson test.Results Six mice were included every 4 weeks in the control and T1DM groups for statistical analysis. Compared with the control group, a progressive decrease in FS, EF, and E/A ratio was observed in the T1DM group. In the T1DM group, both ECV and CVF values were gradually increased during diabetes progression. A marked increase in ECV and CVF values was observed at 12 weeks in the T1DM group than in the control group (ECV: 32.5% ± 1.6% vs 28.1% ± 1.8%, P = 0.002; CVF: 6.9% ± 1.8% vs 3.3% ± 1.1%, P < 0.01). ECV values showed a strong correlation with CVF in the T1DM group (r = 0.856, P < 0.001).Conclusion ECV is a reliable and feasible imaging marker that can be used to quantitatively assess dynamic DMIF changes in T1DM mice. In addition, ECV could accurately detect DMIF in the early stage and thus can be used as an imaging tool for early intervention in T1DM mice in the future.
Self-Creation of Chemical Structures. Experimental Study.
Authors: Maselko Jerzy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
First Law of Thermodynamics states that every cannot be self-created or destroyed in an isolated system. Chemical systems spontaneously move to steady state. However chemical systems that are open, will create new systems and moving far and far from equilibrium. The simple compounds will spontaneously create unusually complex structures and behaviors. Surprising, general theory of these systems has not been well understanding. Chemical simplest compounds can spontaneously produce complex arrangements, including chemical structures and dynamical behavior. They are building chemical cells that take chemical compounds from outside, next move to the cell, react, and new compounds move outside. Two other compounds may form more tubes that will create tower and next create metropolis. Machines can switch from one system to another. It can move like a snail. It is basic Law of chemical self-creation. We present simple chemical systems that will spontaneously create very complex structured and machines that may be on level of biology and above. In this paper, simple experiments will show that evolution in Universe is simple and create incredible chemical processes. Universal Chemical Machine can produce an infinite number of entities. Chemical organisms are self-created. It is the most important property of matter.
Light Extraction Efficiency Analysis of Phosphorescent OLED Device with Microlens Array on the Glass Substrate
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Das T. D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Computational simulation is based on the desired packing type of microlens array, either hexagonal or rectangular, onto the planar dual scheme OLED device's light-emitting surface. Both active layers here acted as a phosphorescent emission layer studied to improve device efficiency. The microlens array (MLAs) with hexagonal packing can increase the external quantum efficiency by 35%, which is more than the literature mentioned earlier. It significantly enhances the outcoupling efficiency below the critical angle observation concerning the substrate surface normal. Besides, a broad spectrum is observed with a slight shoulder band around 650 nm in the E.L. (Electroluminance) emission curve. From the CIE x and CIE y index studied, the OLED device connected with either hexagonal or rectangular microlens arrays are more sensitive than the OLED device without microlens arrays to the viewing angle range. The effect of outcoupled efficiency as a function of ETL-TPBi thickness is studied under different polarization modes. Hence, the study suggested that a microlens array with a hexagonal or rectangular packing type on the OLED device's top significantly enhanced light extraction efficiency and provided better device fabrication results.