Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R Forst & G. Forst) Asal Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo , Hasanah Norijatil , Arnida Arnida , Sriyono Agung 
Published: March 2021

Matoa (Pometia pinnata) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat tumbuh dengan baik di Kalimatan dan diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan standardisasi berdasarkan parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik dari simplisia dan ekstrak. Pengambilan sampel daun P. pinnata dilakukan pada tiga tempat tumbuh yaitu Desa Pemuda, Kebun Raya Banua, dan Tahura Sultan Adam. Metode standardisasi yang digunakan mengacu pada Farmakope Herbal Indonesia dan Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak. Pengamatan organoleptik simplisia yaitu berwarna hijau muda, rasa pahit, berbau khas. Pengamatan mikroskopik menunjukkan adanya dinding sel, floem, xilem, stomata, dan inti sel. Kadar sari larut etanol (19,07-19,27)%; kadar sari larut air (20,93-21,17)%; susut pengeringan (6,17-6,23)%; kadar abu total (4,63-4,73)%; kadar Pb (0,014-0,022) ppm; kadar Cd (0,014-0,015)ppm; dan kadar Hg <0,00004ppm. Pemerian ekstrak yaitu berwarna hijau kehitaman, berbau khas, rasa pahit. Ekstrak etanol daun P. pinnata mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, tanin, glikosida, saponin, antrakuinon yang ditegaskan pada profil KLT menunjukkan kesamaan kandungan senyawa kimia pada tiap tempat tumbuh. Rendemen yang didapat (11,19-14,68)%; kadar air (5,57-5,97)%; kadar abu total (1,19-1,24)%; dan kadar abu tidak larut asam (0,41-0,44)%. Hasil uji parameter spesifik dan nonspesifik simplisia dan ekstrak daun P. pinnata dari tiga tempat tumbuh telah memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh MMI dan BPOM RI. Kata Kunci : Standardisasi; Matoa; Pometia pinnata, Simplisia; Ekstrak Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is one of the plants that can grow well in Kalimantan and known to contain efficacious secondary metabolites. This study is aimed to determine the value of specific parameters and nonspecific parameters of simplicia and extract. The leaves of P. pinnata was carried out in three growing places, which are the Pemuda Village, Banua Botanical Garden, and Tahura Sultan Adam. The method of determining the standardization parameters refers to Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia and the General Standard Parameters of Medicinal Plant Extracts. The result from organoleptic observations of simplicia showed that P. pinnata had a light green color, a bitter taste, and a distinctive smell. Microscopic observations showed phloem, xylem, stomata, cell nuclei, cell walls. The content of ethanol soluble extract was 19.07%-19.27%, water soluble extract content was 20.93%-21.17%, drying losses was 6.17%-6.23%, total ash content was 4.63%-4.73%, Pb levels was 0.014-0.022ppm, Cd levels was 0.014-0.015ppm, and Hg levels was <0.00004 ppm. The description of extracts was that P. pinnata had a blackish green color, a bitter taste, and a distinctive smell. Ethanol extracts of P. pinnata leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, anthraquinones which were confirmed in the TLC profile showing the similarity of chemical compounds in each growing place. The yield extract was 11.19%-14.68%, water content was 5.57%-5.97%, total ash content was 1.19%-1.24%, and acid insoluble ash content was 0.41%-0.44%. The results of specific and nonspecific parameters of simplicia and P. pinnata leaf extract from three growing sites have met the requirements set by MMI and BPOM RI.