bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny in the steinmanellines (Bivalvia: Trigoniida): an intra- and interspecific appraisal using the Early Cretaceous faunas from the Neuquén Basin as a case study
Authors: Milla Carmona Pablo S. , Lazo Dario G. , Soto Ignacio M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the paleontological relevance and paleobiological interest of trigoniid bivalves, our knowledge of their ontogeny—an aspect of crucial evolutionary importance—remains limited. Here, we assess the intra- and interspecific ontogenetic variations exhibited by the genus Steinmanella Crickmay (Myophorellidae: Steinmanellinae) during the early Valanginian–late Hauterivian of Argentina and explore some of their implications. The (ontogenetic) allometric trajectories of seven species recognized for this interval were estimated from longitudinal data using 3D geometric morphometrics, segmented regressions, and model selection tools, and then compared using trajectory analysis and allometric spaces. Our results show that within-species shell shape variation describes biphasic ontogenetic trajectories, decoupled from ontogenetic changes shown by sculpture, with a gradual decay in magnitude as ontogeny progresses. The modes of change characterizing each phase (crescentic growth and anteroposterior elongation, respectively) are conserved across species, thus representing a feature of Steinmanella ontogeny; its evolutionary origin is inferred to be a consequence of the rate modification and allometric repatterning of the ancestral ontogeny. Among species, trajectories are more variable during early ontogenetic stages, becoming increasingly conservative at later stages. Trajectories’ general orientation allows recognition of two stratigraphically consecutive groups of species, hinting at a potentially higher genus-level diversity in the studied interval. In terms of functional morphology, juveniles had a morphology more suited for active burrowing than adults, whose features are associated with a sedentary lifestyle. The characteristic disparity of trigoniids could be related to the existence of an ontogenetic period of greater shell malleability betrayed by the presence of crescentic shape change.
Experiences of influencing one's own life when living with working-age dementia
Authors: Issakainen Mervi , Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen Anna , Heimonen Sirkkaliisa , Nedlund Ann-Charlotte , Astell Arlene , Boger Jennifer , Rissanen Sari , Nygård Louise 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHaving opportunities to make decisions and choices regarding one's life is crucial when living with dementia. This inter-disciplinary study draws on the concept of relational autonomy to explore how working-age people living dementia seek to influence their lives, and what makes it easier or more difficult for them in their everyday life. The data consist of three focus group discussions conducted with 12 retired adults who developed dementia while still employed. The results illuminate various resources that enable a person to (a) handle their difficulties at work and related consequences with dignity, (b) manage everyday tasks and live a fulfilling life, and (c) fight the stigma associated with (working-age) dementia. Challenges related to these aspects reported by the participants reveal gaps and obstacles that impede the full realisation of the rights of people living with early onset dementia. This research highlights the need for workplace education for different stakeholders, equal and ongoing access to guidance and counselling for younger people who live with dementia, and an effort by society as a whole to eradicate stigma.
Amygdala responses to threat in violence-exposed children depend on trauma context and maternal caregiving
Authors: Stevens Jennifer S. , van Rooij Sanne J.H. , Stenson Anais F. , Ely Timothy D. , Powers Abigail , Clifford Aimee , Kim Ye Ji , Hinrichs Rebecca , Tottenham Nim , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEarly life adversity (ELA) has been linked with increased arousal responses to threat, including increased amygdala reactivity. Effects of ELA on brain function are well recognized, and emerging evidence suggests that caregivers may influence how environmental stressors impact children’s brain function. We investigated the hypothesis that positive interaction between mother and child can buffer against ELA effects on children’s neural responses to threat, and related symptoms. N = 53 mother–child pairs (children ages 8–14 years) were recruited from an urban population at high risk for violence exposure. Maternal caregiving was measured using the Parenting Questionnaire and in a cooperation challenge task. Children viewed fearful and neutral face stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Children who experienced greater violence at home showed amygdala sensitization, whereas children experiencing more school and community violence showed amygdala habituation. Sensitization was in turn linked with externalizing symptoms. However, maternal warmth was associated with a normalization of amygdala sensitization in children, and fewer externalizing behaviors prospectively up to 1 year later. Findings suggested that the effects of violence exposure on threat-related neural circuitry depend on trauma context (inside or outside the home) and that primary caregivers can increase resilience.
Extensional equality preservation and verified generic programming
Authors: BOTTA NICOLA , BREDE NURIA , JANSSON PATRIK , RICHTER TIM 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn verified generic programming, one cannot exploit the structure of concrete data types but has to rely onwell chosensets of specifications or abstract data types (ADTs). Functors and monads are at the core of many applications of functional programming. This raises the question of what useful ADTs for verified functors and monads could look like. The functorial map of many important monads preserves extensional equality. For instance, if$$f,g \, : \, A \, \to \, B$$are extensionally equal, that is,$$\forall x \in A$$,$$f \, x = g \, x$$, then$$map \, f \, : \, List \, A \to List \, B$$and$$map \, g$$are also extensionally equal. This suggests thatpreservation of extensional equalitycould be a useful principle in verified generic programming. We explore this possibility with a minimalist approach: we deal with (the lack of) extensional equality in Martin-Löf’s intensional type theories without extending the theories or using full-fledged setoids. Perhaps surprisingly, this minimal approach turns out to be extremely useful. It allows one to derive simple generic proofs of monadic laws but also verified, generic results in dynamical systems and control theory. In turn, these results avoid tedious code duplication and ad-hoc proofs. Thus, our work is a contribution toward pragmatic, verified generic programming.
The Micro‐Broadband Receiver (μBBR) on the Very‐Low‐Frequency Propagation Mapper CubeSat
Authors: Marshall Robert A. , Sousa Austin , Reid Riley , Wilson Gordon , Starks Michael , Ramos Daniel , Ballenthin John , Quigley Steven , Kay Ron , Patton James , Coombs Joseph , Fennelly Judy , Linscott Ivan , Inan Umran S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe very low frequency (VLF) propagation mapper (VPM) is a 6U CubeSat designed to measure VLF radio waves in Low‐Earth Orbit. The science goals of the VPM mission are to measure VLF signals broadcast by the DSX mission, and to study natural and anthropogenic signals (from lightning and VLF transmitters) in the near‐Earth space environment. The primary payload consists of an electric field dipole antenna deployed to 2 meters in length, and a magnetic search coil deployed 50 cm from the spacecraft. Signals from these two sensors are conditioned by analog electronics, sampled, and then processed digitally into downloadable data products. The VPM mission was launched in January 2020; science operations began in March 2020 and continued through September, when contact with the spacecraft was lost. This paper describes the mission goals and instrument designs in detail, as well as some examples of the VPM data set.
Geochemical and Isotopic Evolution of Late Oligocene Magmatism in Quchan, NE Iran
Authors: Moghadam H. S. , Li Q. L. , Kirchenbaur M. , Garbe‐Schönberg D. , Lucci F. , Griffin W. L. , Ghorbani G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMagmatic activity that accompanied the collision between Arabia and Eurasia at ∼27 Ma, provides unique opportunities for understanding the triggers and magma reservoirs for collisional magmatism and its different styles in magmatic fronts and back‐arcs. We present new ages and geochemical‐isotopic results for magmatic rocks that formed during the collision between Arabia and Eurasia in NE Iran, which was a back‐arc region to the main magmatic arcs of Iran. Our new zircon U‐Pb ages indicate that collisional magmatism began at ∼24 Ma in the NE Iran back‐arc, although magmatism in this area started in the Late Cretaceous time and continued until the Pleistocene. The collisional igneous rocks are characteristically bimodal, and basaltic‐andesitic and dacitic‐rhyolitic components show significant isotopic differences; εNd(t) = +4.4 to +7.4 and εHf(t) = +5.4 to +9.5 for mafic rocks and εNd(t) = +0.2 to +8.4 and εHf(t) = +3.4 to +12.3 for silicic rocks. The isotopic values and modeling suggest that fractional crystallization and assimilation‐fractional crystallization played important roles in the genesis of felsic rocks in the NE Iran collisional zone. Trace element and isotopic modeling further emphasize that the main triggers of the magmatism in NE Iran comprise a depleted to the enriched mantle and the Cadomian continental crust of Iran. Our results also emphasize the temporal magmatic variations in the NE Iran back‐arc from Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene.
Role of Ducting in Relativistic Electron Loss by Whistler‐Mode Wave Scattering
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Demekhov A. G. , Zhang X.‐J. , Angelopoulos V. , Mourenas D. , Fedorenko Yu V. , Maninnen J. , Tsai E. , Wilkins C. , Kasahara S. , Miyoshi Y. , Matsuoka A. , Kasahara Y. , Mitani T. , Yokota S. , Keika K. , Hori T. , Matsuda S. , Nakamura S. , Kitahara M. , Takashima T. , Shinohara I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResonant interactions of energetic electrons with electromagnetic whistler‐mode waves (whistlers) contribute significantly to the dynamics of electron fluxes in Earth's outer radiation belt. At low geomagnetic latitudes, these waves are very effective in pitch angle scattering and precipitation into the ionosphere of low equatorial pitch angle, tens of keV electrons and acceleration of high equatorial pitch angle electrons to relativistic energies. Relativistic (hundreds of keV), electrons may also be precipitated by resonant interaction with whistlers, but this requires waves propagating quasi‐parallel without significant intensity decrease to high latitudes where they can resonate with higher energy low equatorial pitch angle electrons than at the equator. Wave propagation away from the equatorial source region in a non‐uniform magnetic field leads to ray divergence from the originally field‐aligned direction and efficient wave damping by Landau resonance with suprathermal electrons, reducing the wave ability to scatter electrons at high latitudes. However, wave propagation can become ducted along field‐aligned density peaks (ducts), preventing ray divergence and wave damping. Such ducting may therefore result in significant relativistic electron precipitation. We present evidence that ducted whistlers efficiently precipitate relativistic electrons. We employ simultaneous near‐equatorial and ground‐based measurements of whistlers and low‐altitude electron precipitation measurements by ELFIN CubeSat. We show that ducted waves (appearing on the ground) efficiently scatter relativistic electrons into the loss cone, contrary to non‐ducted waves (absent on the ground) precipitating only keV electrons. Our results indicate that ducted whistlers may be quite significant for relativistic electron losses; they should be further studied statistically and possibly incorporated in radiation belt models.
A Recirculating Eddy Promotes Subsurface Particle Retention in an Antarctic Biological Hotspot
Authors: Hudson K. , Oliver M. J. , Kohut J. , Dinniman M. S. , Klinck J. M. , Moffat C. , Statscewich H. , Bernard K. S. , Fraser W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPalmer Deep Canyon is one of the biological hotspots associated with deep bathymetric features along the West Antarctic Peninsula. The upwelling of nutrient‐rich Upper Circumpolar Deep Water to the surface mixed layer in the submarine canyon has been hypothesized to drive increased phytoplankton biomass, attracting krill, penguins and other top predators to the area. However, observations in Palmer Deep Canyon lack a clear in‐situ upwelling signal, laboratory experiments do not illustrate a physiological response by phytoplankton to Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, and surface residence times are too short for phytoplankton populations to reasonably respond to any locally upwelled nutrients. This suggests that local upwelling may not be the mechanism that links Palmer Deep Canyon to increased biological activity. Previous observations of isopycnal doming within the canyon suggested that a subsurface recirculating feature may be present. Here, using in‐situ measurements and a circulation model, we demonstrate that the presence of a recirculating eddy may contribute to the maintenance of the biological hotspot by increasing residence times at depth and retaining a distinct layer of biological particles. Neutrally buoyant particle simulations showed that residence times increase to ∼175 days at 150 m within the canyon during the austral summer. In‐situ particle scattering, flow cytometry, and water samples from within the subsurface eddy suggest that retained particles are detrital in nature. Our results suggest that this seasonal, retentive feature in Palmer Deep Canyon is important to the retention of biological material and may contribute to the maintenance of this hotspot.
Reactivation of Non‐Optimally Orientated Faults Due to Glacially Induced Stresses
Authors: Steffen Rebekka , Steffen Holger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe deformation due to an ice load is accompanied by displacement and stress changes. These stress changes are known to have created large‐magnitude earthquakes along pre‐existing faults during and after deglaciation of the Late Quaternary ice sheets. However, these so‐called glacially induced faults have been found to be not optimally orientated in their respective regional stress regime. Here, we analyzed the potential of non‐optimally orientated fault reactivation within a glacially induced stress field as well as changes of the stress regimes due to these additional stresses. A finite element model is used to estimate glacially induced stresses, which are then combined with background stress magnitudes. Non‐optimally orientated faults can be reactivated by glacially induced stresses within thrust‐, strike‐slip‐, and normal‐faulting stress regimes, but depending on their location with respect to the ice sheet and their orientation within the regional stress field. While faults with large variations of dip and strike outside of the ice sheet are prone to reactivation when the background stress field is a normal‐ or strike‐slip‐faulting stress regime, faults within a thrust‐faulting stress regime can also be reactivated within the ice margin during and after the deglaciation. Outside the ice margin, instabilities in a thrust‐faulting stress regime develop along the intermediate principal stress axis. Stress regime changes can occur for all background stress states. Finally, we find that certain conditions in a strike‐slip‐faulting stress regime can also explain the observed glacially induced thrust faults in Northern Europe.
Everolimus and plicamycin specifically target chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells of the CMS4 subtype
Authors: Deng Jiayin , Tian Ai-Ling , Pan Hui , Sauvat Allan , Leduc Marion , Liu Peng , Zhao Liwei , Zhang Shuai , Chen Hui , Taly Valérie , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Senovilla Laura , Li Yingqiu , Kroemer Guido , Kepp Oliver 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColorectal cancers (CRC) can be classified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), among which CMS1 has the best prognosis, contrasting with CMS4 that has the worst outcome. CMS4 CRC is notoriously resistant against therapeutic interventions, as demonstrated by preclinical studies and retrospective clinical observations. Here, we report the finding that two clinically employed agents, everolimus (EVE) and plicamycin (PLI), efficiently target the prototypic CMS4 cell line MDST8. As compared to the prototypic CMS1 cell line LoVo, MDST8 cells treated with EVE or PLI demonstrated stronger cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, increased signs of apoptosis and autophagy, as well as a more pronounced inhibition of DNA-to-RNA transcription and RNA-to-protein translation. Moreover, nontoxic doses of EVE and PLI induced the shrinkage of MDST8 tumors in mice, yet had only minor tumor growth-reducing effects on LoVo tumors. Altogether, these results suggest that EVE and PLI should be evaluated for their clinical activity against CMS4 CRC.
Mechanisms and regulation of organic acid accumulation in plant vacuoles
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yu , Wang Chu-Kun , Zhao Yu-Wen , Sun Cui-Hui , Hu Da-Gang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn fleshy fruits, organic acids are the main source of fruit acidity and play an important role in regulating osmotic pressure, pH homeostasis, stress resistance, and fruit quality. The transport of organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole and their storage are complex processes. A large number of transporters carry organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole with the assistance of various proton pumps and enzymes. However, much remains to be explored regarding the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids as well as the substances involved and their association. In this review, recent advances in the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids in plants are summarized from the perspectives of transporters, channels, proton pumps, and upstream regulators to better understand the complex regulatory networks involved in fruit acid formation.
Global greenhouse gas emissions from residential and commercial building materials and mitigation strategies to 2060
Authors: Zhong Xiaoyang , Hu Mingming , Deetman Sebastiaan , Steubing Bernhard , Lin Hai Xiang , Hernandez Glenn Aguilar , Harpprecht Carina , Zhang Chunbo , Tukker Arnold , Behrens Paul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBuilding stock growth around the world drives extensive material consumption and environmental impacts. Future impacts will be dependent on the level and rate of socioeconomic development, along with material use and supply strategies. Here we evaluate material-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for residential and commercial buildings along with their reduction potentials in 26 global regions by 2060. For a middle-of-the-road baseline scenario, building material-related emissions see an increase of 3.5 to 4.6 Gt CO2eq yr-1 between 2020–2060. Low- and lower-middle-income regions see rapid emission increase from 750 Mt (22% globally) in 2020 and 2.4 Gt (51%) in 2060, while higher-income regions shrink in both absolute and relative terms. Implementing several material efficiency strategies together in a High Efficiency (HE) scenario could almost half the baseline emissions. Yet, even in this scenario, the building material sector would require double its current proportional share of emissions to meet a 1.5 °C-compatible target.
Changing the game of time resolved X-ray diffraction on the mechanochemistry playground by downsizing
Authors: Lampronti Giulio I. , Michalchuk Adam A. L. , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Belenguer Ana M. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Bacchi Alessia , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTime resolved in situ (TRIS) monitoring has revolutionised the study of mechanochemical transformations but has been limited by available data quality. Here we report how a combination of miniaturised grinding jars together with innovations in X-ray powder diffraction data collection and state-of-the-art analysis strategies transform the power of TRIS synchrotron mechanochemical experiments. Accurate phase compositions, comparable to those obtained by ex situ measurements, can be obtained with small sample loadings. Moreover, microstructural parameters (crystal size and microstrain) can be also determined with high confidence. This strategy applies to all chemistries, is readily implemented, and yields high-quality diffraction data even using a low energy synchrotron source. This offers a direct avenue towards the mechanochemical investigation of reactions comprising scarce, expensive, or toxic compounds. Our strategy is applied to model systems, including inorganic, metal-organic, and organic mechanosyntheses, resolves previously misinterpreted mechanisms in mechanochemical syntheses, and promises broad, new directions for mechanochemical research.
Comparative epigenetic analysis of tumour initiating cells and syngeneic EPSC-derived neural stem cells in glioblastoma
Authors: Vinel Claire , Rosser Gabriel , Guglielmi Loredana , Constantinou Myrianni , Pomella Nicola , Zhang Xinyu , Boot James R. , Jones Tania A. , Millner Thomas O. , Dumas Anaelle A. , Rakyan Vardhman , Rees Jeremy , Thompson Jamie L. , Vuononvirta Juho , Nadkarni Suchita , El Assan Tedani , Aley Natasha , Lin Yung-Yao , Liu Pentao , Nelander Sven , Sheer Denise , Merry Catherine L. R. , Marelli-Berg Federica , Brandner Sebastian , Marino Silvia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms which play an essential role in normal developmental processes, such as self-renewal and fate specification of neural stem cells (NSC) are also responsible for some of the changes in the glioblastoma (GBM) genome. Here we develop a strategy to compare the epigenetic and transcriptional make-up of primary GBM cells (GIC) with patient-matched expanded potential stem cell (EPSC)-derived NSC (iNSC). Using a comparative analysis of the transcriptome of syngeneic GIC/iNSC pairs, we identify a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mediated mechanism of recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in GBM. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and DNA methylome of GBM cells identifies druggable target genes and patient-specific prediction of drug response in primary GIC cultures, which is validated in 3D and in vivo models. Taken together, we provide a proof of principle that this experimental pipeline has the potential to identify patient-specific disease mechanisms and druggable targets in GBM.
Calibration-free NGS quantitation of mutations below 0.01% VAF
Authors: Dai Peng , Wu Lucia Ruojia , Chen Sherry Xi , Wang Michael Xiangjiang , Cheng Lauren Yuxuan , Zhang Jinny Xuemeng , Hao Pengying , Yao Weijie , Zarka Jabra , Issa Ghayas C. , Kwong Lawrence , Zhang David Yu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQuantitation of rare somatic mutations is essential for basic research and translational clinical applications including minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. Though unique molecular identifier (UMI) has suppressed errors for rare mutation detection, the sequencing depth requirement is high. Here, we present Quantitative Blocker Displacement Amplification (QBDA) which integrates sequence-selective variant enrichment into UMI quantitation for accurate quantitation of mutations below 0.01% VAF at only 23,000X depth. Using a panel of 20 genes recurrently altered in acute myeloid leukemia, we demonstrate quantitation of various mutations including single base substitutions and indels down to 0.001% VAF at a single locus with less than 4 million sequencing reads, allowing sensitive MRD detection in patients during complete remission. In a pan-cancer panel and a melanoma hotspot panel, we detect mutations down to 0.1% VAF using only 1 million reads. QBDA provides a convenient and versatile method for sensitive mutation quantitation using low-depth sequencing.