bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelo multicriterio AHP-TOPSIS: una estrategia para evaluar alternativas de generación de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables
Authors: Hernández Vásquez José Daniel , Solano De La Rosa Jhonathan Eduardo , Ferreira Medina Farid Enrique 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño de tecnologías para la generación de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables en la costa caribe colombiana utilizando el modelo multicriterio AHP-TOPSIS. Metodología o método: La motivación para el desarrollo de este tema se fundamenta en la necesidad identificada por el sector energético de la región para identificar alternativas que permitan suplir las necesidades del consumo de energía regional, además de contribuir a una matriz energética nacional sostenible. Considerando que una determinada tecnología puede ser más viable, en base a la información disponible en la literatura especializada, el problema fue analizado teniendo en cuenta tres criterios: económico, ambiental y técnico. La metodología analítica adoptada se basa en la aplicación de métodos multicriterios híbridos AHP-TOPSIS. Resultados: Los resultados consolidados permitieron: (i) establecer un ranking de las distintas tecnologías para la generación de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables, siendo la energía Fotovoltaica aquella de mayor peso y la Energía Hidráulica la de menor peso; (ii) confirmar que el criterio económico es el más crítico al momento de evaluar el desempeño de una tecnología. De igual forma, se estableció que el riesgo de la inversión es el subcriterio más crítico de los nueve evaluados. Conclusiones: El trabajo permitió concluir que el dinamismo del mercado internacional, diversas políticas sustentables, así como la actual crisis política que repercute en los países latinoamericanos permiten explicar la inestabilidad de la economía en pro de invertir en alternativas tecnológicas. Razón por la cual, el criterio económico y el subcriterio relacionado al riesgo de la inversión fueron considerados los más críticos en el estudio realizado.
Stress Analysis on Tubesheet Referring to TEMA Standard
Authors: Krisdiyanto Krisdiyanto , Fikri Muhamad Naufal , Adi Rahmad Kuncoro , Nugroho Ahmad Restian Adi 
Published: October 2021

A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat without mass transfer. The equipment must be designed according to established standards. The standard that is widely used is the standardissued by TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturer Association). The results of the design of theheat exchanger with these standards are considered less efficient in terms of the material. Theefficiency of the material used can be analyzed by stress analysis on the components that withstand the force, and one of these components is the tube sheet. Stress analysis on tube sheets can use finite element-based software. The results of the research show that the tube sheet design that refers to the TEMA standard is relatively safe because the maximum von Mises stress is below the yield strength of the material used, while the overdesign value is rather significant because the average von Mises stress is also far below the yield strength of the material used.
Excesso de prazo no processo penal: a gramática do Supremo Tribunal Federal |Excessive length of time in criminal proceedings: the Supreme Court grammar in use
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila 
Published: October 2021

A proposta deste artigo é desvelar os significados da categoria excesso de prazo nos acórdãos de natureza processual penal, resultantes de julgamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para tanto, foi criada uma base de dados com acórdãos desse tipo, o que nos permite compreender a natureza dos problemas que mobilizam o STF em razão da morosidade da justiça criminal. Em seguida, foi estimado um modelo de regressão logística binomial para identificar quais são os argumentos que estão mais associados ao provimento do pedido na nova ordem constitucional (pós-1988). Os resultados indicam que o excesso de prazo no processo penal se refere à prisão provisória, sendo uma matéria discutida por meio de Habeas Corpus. A gramática mobilizada pelos ministros, inscrita nos acórdãos, parece ser diversa dependendo do desfecho. As menções ao direito à razoável duração do processo e à Emenda Constitucional 45/2004 estão associadas ao provimento do pedido, levando à soltura do preso, enquanto as denegações estiveram associadas aos fundamentos do processo penal, relacionados à garantia da ordem pública e à conveniência da instrução criminal. Logo, a ação do STF tem levado à constituição de uma nova gramática na justiça criminal, que, longe de dizer respeito à morosidade do processo penal, refere-se à legitimidade da prisão provisória com duração indeterminada.
Degradation of Reservoir Quality by Clay Content, Unayzah Formation, Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Polkowski George R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Reservoirs in Central Saudi Arabia are important new sources of light sulfur-free crude oil. Development work on these wells has shown the adverse effect of authigenic clay minerals on their productivity or injectivity. The clay minerals may be affected during drilling of the well, during completion, during production, and/or injection. Kaolinite, chlorite, illite, and ordered and random mixed layer illite/smectite are commonly occurring authigenic clay minerals within the Permian Unayzah reservoir rock. As little as 2 weight percent clay causes permeability to be drastically reduced. Formation damage due to clay minerals results from: (1) swelling of smectite caused by injection water or drilling fluids of low salinity; (2) clay mineral migration and subsequent pore blockage; (3) precipitation of gelatinous pore-blocking iron hydroxides caused by the dissolution of chlorite by acid; (4) high water saturations; and (5) disaggregation of poorly consolidated parts of the reservoir into its component sand grains if the weak clay cements are disturbed. The implementation of clay control measures has resulted in increased production while minimizing formation damage.
Thermal History of the Lower and Middle Cretaceous Source Rocks in Kuwait
Authors: Abdullah Fowzia H.A. , Nederlof Peter J.R. , Ormerod Mark P. , Kinghorn Robert R.F. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The thermal history of Kuwait was reconstructed with Shell’s “Cauldron” basin modeling software and calibrated with maturity indicators from four wells. Maturity measurements were carried out on source rock samples from wells in the Ash-Shaham, Minagish, Raudhatain and Riqua (offshore) fields. The analytical data indicate that ‘top oil window’ is located at a depth of around 2,500 meters (8,250 feet). Due to the low structural dips of the sequences in Kuwait, thermal modeling in one-dimension was found to be adequate. The Cretaceous source rocks subsided without major anomalies in burial rate or heatflow. Modeling results indicate that the Cretaceous Sulaiy, Minagish and Zubair formations entered the oil window during the Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary, whereas oil expulsion occurred throughout Tertiary time. Quantification of expelled oil volumes suggests that the Sulaiy Formation is the most productive source rock in Kuwait, whereas the Upper Cretaceous Burgan and Maudud formations are presently at the top of the oil window.
Recent Developments in 3-D Acquisition Techniques in Oman
Authors: Wams Jan , Rozemond Justus 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Acquisition of 3-D seismic surveys in Oman commenced in earnest in 1987 and has been continuous until today. Improvements in data acquisition have been made over the years, be it in small steps and based on similar geometries. A study was carried out to try to further improve data quality and/or efficiency. Two alternative acquisition techniques, ‘wide-line’ and ‘slip-sweep’, were identified and have been the subject of field tests. The results indicate that efficiency of vibroseis seismic acquisition can be substantially increased without, as far as the limited tests indicate, an appreciable impact on quality.
Pleistocene Carbonate Seif Dunes and their Role in the Development of Complex Past and Present Coastlines of the U.A.E.
Authors: Kirkham Anthony 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIsolated outcrops of Pleistocene carbonate aeolianites and their cappings of shallow water Pleistocene marine limestones are described largely from Al Dabb’iya on the eastern end of the Great Pearl Bank, Abu Dhabi. Their sedimentological characteristics and depositional settings are discussed in relation to mainland Pleistocene aeolianite trends observed from satellite images. A comparison of the internal dune cross-bedding with dune morphologies suggests changing wind regimes that probably resulted from meteorological changes induced by the onset of a Pleistocene glacial period. The complex palaeo-geomorphology imposed by the dunes strongly influenced later Pleistocene coastal marine sedimentation that was concentrated in a series of shallow embayments separated by low-relief seif dunes forming peninsulas. Similar marine settings extended into the Holocene along parts of the United Arab Emirates coastline and still persist locally.
Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq
Authors: Aqrawi Adnan A.M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A stratigraphic scheme for the Paleozoic of the Southwestern Desert of Iraq is proposed based upon the review of recently published data from several deep wells in the western part of the country and from outcrops in other regions in Iraq. The main formations are described in terms of facies distribution, probable age, regional thickness, and correlations with the well-reported Paleozoic successions of the adjacent countries (e.g. Jordan and Saudi Arabia), as well as with the Thrust Zone of North Iraq. The Paleozoic depositional and tectonic evolution of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq, particularly during Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian, shows marked similarity to those of eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. However, local lithological variations, which are due to Late Paleozoic Hercynian tectonics, characterize the Upper Paleozoic sequences.
The Lower Silurian marine “hot” shale, 65 meters thick in the Akkas-1 well in the Western Desert, is believed to be the main Paleozoic source rock in the Western and Southwestern Deserts. Additional potential source rocks in this region could be the black shales of the Ordovician Khabour Formation, the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous Ora Shale Formation, and the lower shaly beds of the Upper Permian Chia Zairi Formation. The main target reservoirs are of Ordovician, Silurian, Carboniferous and Permian ages. Similar reservoirs have recently been reported for the Western Desert of Iraq, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. In addition, two main regional seals (Lower Silurian shales and Permian evaporites) of northeastern Arabia extend over most of the Southwestern Desert, together with several other local seals. These considerations render the unexplored Paleozoic Southwestern Desert of Iraq prospective.
Sequence Stratigraphy of the Arab A to C Members and Hith Formation, Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Azer Samir R. , Peebles Ross G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The Upper Jurassic Hith Formation and Arab members A, B and C, in central and western offshore Abu Dhabi, consist of 450 to over 600 feet of massive to interbedded anhydrites with varying proportions of limestones and dolomites. A high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework for this important petroleum reservoir interval was developed from core and well log data, and various inorganic geochemical analyses. This data was acquired from wells located at 3 locations spread over 100 kilometers. Nineteen shallowing-upward parasequences, corresponding to fourth and possibly fifth-order cycles, were recognized for the Arab members as follows: A (7 cycles), B (5 cycles), and C (7 cycles). Five parasequences were recognized for the Hith Anhydrite Formation.
The Arab parasequences are arranged in a layer-cake stacking pattern and vary in thickness from 6 to 30 feet. These are interpreted to correspond to transgressive-regressive episodes which are driven by low-amplitude sea-level fluctuations (eustacy). The typical parasequence consists of shoal grainstones, representing transgressive system tracts, that pass upward into thin-bedded lagoonal burrowed mud/wackestones, representing the maximum flooding surface. These are overlain by coarse bioclastic grainstones capped by algal laminites and culminate into supratidal anhydrites, which pinchout eastwards. In the west offshore Abu Dhabi the parasequences are thicker and consist of intertidal pack/grainstones overlain by anhydrites.
FORWARD MODELING OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND DIAGENESIS: Application to Rapid, Cost-Effective Carbonate Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Matthews Robley K. , Frohlich Cliff 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Dynamic forward modeling of carbonate reservoir sequence stratigraphy and diagenetic overprint can yield rapid, cost-effective reservoir characterization. The common practice in reservoir characterization now relies heavily on massive data accumulation and geostatistics to produce the three-dimensional geocellular static model which is the basis for flow simulation. In dynamic forward modeling, reliance on understanding of geological process allows high resolution prediction of the geometry of permeable and impermeable units and horizons within the reservoir. Data requirements are reduced to state-of-the-art information on a relatively small number of control wells which constrain and calibrate the forward model. Sensitivity-testing among formally-stated competing concepts is encouraged. In the long-term, it is the accurate prediction of reservoir response to future production that will afford choice among competing static models and flow simulations. The goal should be to predict future problems and avoid them, rather than wait to observe problems and react to them.
Surface Geology of Jebel Rawdah, Oman Mountains
Authors: Sayed M.G. Salah Abou , Mersal Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Jebel Rawdah is a west-northwest to east-southeast trending, post-obduction fold located at the western edge of the Hatta Zone of the Northern Oman Mountains. The main syncline plunges about 5 kilometers to the northwest and it is flanked to the west by a minor anticline. The outcrops in the area consist of: (1) allochthonous Semail Ophiolite, consisting of slices of oceanic crust and upper mantle, together with the Haybi Complex of volcanic rocks and associated metamorphics; (2) the parautochthonous Sumeini Group consisting of shelf edge and slope carbonates and clastics; and (3) the post-obduction neoautochthonous clastics and carbonates of the Qahlah, Simsima and Muthaymimah formations (Maastrichtian to Early Tertiary).
Two stages of folding were detected in the Jebel Rawdah area. The older folds affect the allochthonous rocks and result from shearing deformation along the westward extension of the Hatta Zone. The younger deformation is manifested in drape folds in the neoautochthonous rocks which was caused by differential vertical movements of fault blocks in the underlying allochthonous rocks. Three sets of faults were observed: (1) northwest-southeast trending vertical to steeply-dipping scissor faults; (b) reverse faults which form flower structures; and (c) northeast-southwest trending normal faults.
Field observations, biostratigraphic studies and petrographic examination suggest three stages in the development of the stratigraphic units in Jebel Rawdah. The first stage occurred during the Early Maastrichtian when the Oman Mountains emerged and were subsequently exposed to subaerial erosion. In the second stage a transgression occurred during the gradual subsidence of the area which led to the deposition of the Qahlah Formation in a fluviatile to shallow-marine environment, and the overlying Simsima in a shallow shelf setting. In the final Tertiary stage the Muthaymimah Formation was deposited in a subsiding basin and slope setting.
Generation and Retention of Hydrocarbon in the Haushi Play, North Oman
Authors: Richard Pascal D. , Nederlof Peter J.R. , Terken Jos M.J. , Al-Ruwehy Nashwa 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
In North Oman, 20 fields, with a combined oil-in-place of 500 million cubic meters (3,145 million barrels), have reserves booked in the Permian-Carboniferous Haushi (Gharif and Al-Khlata formations) reservoirs. In addition, some 150 prospects are recognized with a combined ultimate recoverable reserves expectation of 39 million cubic meters (245 million barrels). Following a successful exploration campaign, the success ratio decreased progressively. An integrated charge and retention study was therefore carried out to revitalize the play. The aim of this study was to establish a framework for predicting fluid content (gas, oil, and water). Components of this framework were a charge study to explain the hydrocarbon distribution on a basin scale and a retention study addressing top and fault seal quality.
The oil in the Haushi has been generated by three different source rocks: ‘Q’, Huqf Group (Shuram Formation) and Haima Group (Safiq Formation). However, oil-typing shows that over 90% of the oil-in-place is derived from the ‘Q’ source rock. This seems to indicate a charge problem for prospects outside the ‘Q’ migration fairways. The ‘Q’ kitchen was defined with the help of chemical odometers (nitrogen compounds whose relative concentrations provide a measure of migration distance). Measurements on 18 ‘Q’ oils suggest a source area on the western margin of the Ghaba Salt Basin, immediately to the east of Ramlat Rawl and Saih Rawl. Seismic lines across this area show salt-filled rim synclines, which possibly contain the ‘Q’ source beds.
The two main sealing lithologies are carbonate (Khuff and Haushi limestone) and shale (intra-Haushi shales), which can act as both top seal and/or fault seal. Based on log response, seal lithologies for gas-only, gas-and-oil and oil-only could not be discriminated. Recent mud logs over the Khuff Formation (top seal of the Gharif reservoirs) showed no evidence for a gas fraction, suggesting that the Khuff is an efficient gas seal. However, it has been observed that gas fields tend to have a thicker Khuff seal and smaller fault throw than the oil fields. This trend is related to the regional westward tilting of the basin during Khuff deposition. Fault seal has been analyzed on across-fault juxtaposition diagrams.
Highly-faulted prospects, above salt domes, are water-bearing. However, apart from these extreme cases, seal breaching is not seen as a general problem. Sand-sand juxtaposition areas along faults were calculated in several Gharif accumulations. Although cross-fault juxtaposition was identified as the critical factor determining the hydrocarbon contacts in some moderately faulted fields (e.g. Burhaan), there seems to be no general relation between hydrocarbon fill and Khuff thickness. An opportunity map was generated for North Oman. A strategy for exploring for stratigraphic traps in the ‘Q’ migration fairways is believed to have the greatest chance of success.
Microporosity in Arab Formation Carbonates, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Cantrell Dave L. , Hagerty Royal M. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Microporosity occurs throughout Arab Formation carbonates of Saudi Arabia, and affects the log response, fluid flow properties and ultimate recovery of hydrocarbons in these reservoirs. Qualitative examination of Arab samples indicates that microporosity occurs as four major types: (1) microporous grains, (2) microporous matrix, (3) microporous fibrous to bladed cements, and (4) microporous equant cements. Quantitative estimation of microporosity abundance was measured in two ways: (1) thin section point counts, and (2) pore throat size distributions derived from capillary pressure data. Point count data shows that microporosity can vary widely from sample to sample, ranging from 0% to 100% of the total measured porosity of a sample. Capillary pressure data confirms the volumetric significance of pore throats that are 10 microns or less in size. Variations in microporosity abundance and type appear to be controlled by depositional texture, grain mineralogy and grain microstructure. We suggest that microporosity in Arab Formation carbonates formed diagenetically, via three mechanisms: (1) leaching and incomplete reprecipitation of metastable carbonate, (2) crystal growth contact inhibition, and (3) (locally) endolithic borings of grains.
Best Practices in 3-D Land Seismic Acquisition in the Middle East and North Africa: Cost-Effective Acquisition in a Low Oil Price Environment
Authors: McMahon Neil , Ruitenbeek Kees , Wams Jan , Slawson Steve 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Increasing expenditure in 3-D land seismic acquisition has driven the need to define Best Practices and improvement areas in the acquisition process. Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) and Arthur D. Little Management Consultants undertook a study to identify these Best Practices in the Middle East and North African regions by interviewing 34 companies and compiling data from 51 recent vibroseis surveys. Acquisition costs and duration from surveys over similar terrains, but with varying geometries, were compared on an equal basis to determine the most cost-effective method for acquiring high-quality (i.e. data density) 3-D data. High-quality surveys acquired using a Zig Zag geometry had lower costs than those acquired using conventional geometries over gravel plain terrain. However, there was no clear best geometry for other terrains. Acquisition performance was also improved by adopting a number of Best Practices covering the design, planning, contracting strategy, execution, processing and post-acquisition elements of the seismic acquisition process.
Depth Imaging Sub-salt Structures: A Case Study in the Midyan Peninsula (Red Sea)
Authors: Mougenot Denis , Al-Shakhis Amir A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIn the Midyan Peninsula (onshore northern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia), the current prospective oil and gas exploration targets are sub-salt structures. In this region, conventional time-migrated seismic sections are distorted due to the presence of salt diapirs, faults, and related lateral velocity variations. As demonstrated in other sub-salt prospects (North Sea, Gulf of Suez, and Gulf of Mexico), pre-stack depth migration can remove these distortions and accurately focus the structural image. Depth migration, however, requires a model which includes both lateral and vertical velocity variations to compensate for ray bending. Building such a velocity model is an iterative process which involves integration of various time/depth processing and interpretation skills. A 2-D seismic line, crossing various extensional structures in the dip direction, is used to illustrate these depth-imaging techniques. At the location of the sub-salt prospect, the depth image is improved and the lateral position of the main fault is shifted by 345 meters. The resulting structural model has refined the target definition and well position. This imaging approach is compared with the different steps of the seismic processing/interpretation flow.