bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo analítico de derivados del fenol en agua utilizando cromatografía de líquidos
Authors: Lemus-Solorio Alfonso , Núñez-Gaytán María Elena , Núñez-Gaytán Ana María , Lemus-Solorio Martha Angélica , Núñez-Hernández Sandra 
Published: May 2021

Se ha desarrollado un método analítico por cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia para la determinación de cloro y nitrofenoles al nivel de trazas (µg/L) en agua, empleando un gradiente de elución de fase reversa y un detector ultravioleta (UV). Se empleó un método de Extracción en Fase Sólida (EFS), que implicó el diseño de un sistema bidimensional de pre-columnas acoplado con la cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia (CLAE) con el fin de efectuar la preconcentración, purificación y aislamiento de los solutos en matrices acuosas ambientales. Estos compuestos fenólicos son considerados contaminantes prioritarios por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (USEPA); los compuestos son: 4,6-dinitro-2-metilfenol, 2,4-dimetilfenol, 4-cloro-3-metilfenol, 2,4-diclorofenol, 2,4,6-triclorofenol y pentaclorofenol. El método desarrollado es simple, rápido, exacto y preciso. Se obtuvieron recuperaciones mayores del 90 % para los fenoles 4,6-dinitro-2-metilfenol, 2,4-diclorofenol y 2,4,6-triclorofenol, aproximadamente 80 % para el pentaclorofenol y 52 % para el 2,4-dimetilfenol. Además, se obtuvo una precisión (CV ˂ 5 %) aceptable para todos los solutos a estos niveles de concentración.
OUTCOME OF SCLEROTHERAPY IN THETREATMENT OF NON-HEALING VARICOSE ULCERS UNDER ULTRASOUND CONTROL
Authors: Muhammad Jamil  , Rashid Usman  , Aaiza Aman  , Kishwar Ali  , Rai Ahmad Khan Kharl  
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Varicose veins are the commonest vascular problem both in men and women worldwide. Lack of timely management, inadequate treatment, and maltreatment of varicose veins can lead to the development of nonhealing ulcers and affects the quality of life in terms of health. Surgery, heat therapy, chemical therapy, and endoscopic treatment are the options of treatment. Foam sclerotherapy is relatively a new technique being practiced all over the world and has promising results.The objective was to determine the outcomes of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of non-healing varicose ulcers.
METHODOLOGY:In this descriptive study, 240 patients with chronic leg ulcers with varicose veins had been managed with foam sclerotherapy under ultrasound and compression bandage. All patients were reviewed at 7 days, 1month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 18 months both clinically and radiologically with a doppler ultrasound to assess the ulcer healing rates.
RESULTS:The overall healing after 04 weeks of foam sclerotherapy was 83%. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients (95.4%) with ulcers healed within 02 months of the start of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Delayed healing occurred after four months in11 cases. All those cases had either previous varicose veins surgery or deep vein thrombosis,or extensive perforator disease. During 18 months of follow-up, seven patients showed recurrence with a mean symptom-free period of 07 months.
CONCLUSION:Chronic venous ulcers treated with foam sclerotherapyunder ultrasound guidance are associated with a high healing rate and low recurrence rate.
A brief guide to producing a national population projection
Authors: Wilson Tom , Rees Philip 
Published: May 2021

Background There are surprisingly few resources available which offer an introductory guide to preparing a national population projection using a cohort-component model. Many demography textbooks cover projections quite briefly, and many academic papers on projections focus on advanced technical issues.
Aims The aim of this paper is to provide a short and accessible guide to producing a national-scale population projection using the cohort-component model.
Data and methods The paper describes the cohort-component model from a population accounting perspective, presents all the necessary projection calculations, and covers the key steps which form part of the projections preparation process – from gathering input data to validating outputs. An accompanying Excel workbook implements the model and contains example projections for Australia.
Conclusions Calculating a national population projection using a cohort-component model involves fairly simple algebra, but the broader projections preparation process is more complex, and requires careful consideration and judgement.
Autopsie d’un grand homme. Gambetta, 2 janvier 1883
Authors: Carol Anne 
Published: May 2021

Léon Gambetta meurt le 31 décembre 1882, au faîte de sa célébrité, à l’issue d’une maladie et d’une agonie fortement médiatisées. Délaissant les funérailles officielles, cet article étudie un moment particulier des séquences mortuaires qui succèdent immédiatement au décès, celui de l’autopsie, qui condense les tensions entre l’homme public et le sujet médical. Les gestes invasifs et les prélèvements pratiqués à cette occasion répondent en effet à des objectifs multiples, mêlant le politique et le scientifique ; ils suscitent des interprétations diverses et inaugurent des destins divergents pour ses dépouilles mortelles, dont le degré de dispersion n’est révélé que tardivement.
« Mort aux affameurs ! » La loi Farge de 1946 ou la peine capitale contre le marché noir
Authors: Picard Nicolas 
Published: May 2021

S’appuyant sur les débats parlementaires et sur les procès-verbaux de la Commission du ravitaillement, cet article retrace la destinée du projet de loi proposé en 1946 par le ministre Yves Farge afin d’appliquer la peine de mort à certains trafiquants au marché noir, accusés d’attenter à la « santé de la nation ». Cette loi est votée dans un certain consensus, les discussions portant principalement sur l’étendue à donner à la répression.
Comparison of Design Fluency Test Results among Patients with Parkinson's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, and the Control Group
Authors: Barekatain Majid , Rajabi Fatemeh , Ebrahimi Amrollah , Maracy Mohammad Reza , Akbaripour Sahar 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Design Fluency Test (DFT) is a nonverbal frame-free, nonstructured assessment of executive function (EF). Since previous studies evaluating EF in Parkinson's disease (PD) have mainly used verbal assessments for EF, this study aims to evaluate the pattern of executive domains in PD using DFT and to compare it with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as a prototype for executive dysfunction and also with normal controls (NCs).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight patients with PD, 27 with FTD, and 27 NCs were included in the study in Ayatollah Kashani Neuropsychiatry Clinic affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from September 2019 to February 2020. All participants were assessed via semi-structured neuropsychiatric interview, questionnaire for demographic profile (age, handedness, gender, education, and marital status), duration of illness, comorbid medical condition, comorbid psychiatric illnesses and medications, DFT, Short Parkinson's Evaluation Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery, Judgment of Line Orientation, and Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool.

Results:
Fixed condition novelty score was significantly different between FTD and PD (P < 0.001), FTD and control (P < 0.001), and also between PD and control (P = 0.001). When free and fixed condition novelty scores were considered to predict diagnostic attribution, multinomial logistic regression revealed that odds ratio for free condition novelty score was 0.705 (P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.553–0.899) and 0.494 (P = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.328–0.744) in PD and FTD, respectively. The odds ratio for fixed condition novelty score was 0.772 (P = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.632–0.942) and 0.449 (P = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.292–0.691).

Conclusion:
DFT subscores can be helpful in diagnosis and differentiation between FTD and PD.
Transesophageal echocardiogram in the evaluation of acute ischemic stroke of young adults
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad K. , Kamal Haris , Weiss Jessica L. , Crumlish Annemarie , Shirani Peyman , Sawyer Robert N. , Mowla Ashkan 
Published: May 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the young age (≤50 years) is a major cause of disability. The underlying mechanism of AIS in this age group is usually different from elderly. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used to detect the potential cardiac sources of embolism in AIS patients. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TEE) is superior to detect specific underlying cardio-aortic source of embolism when compared to TTE. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic yield and therapeutic impact of TEE in AIS of young adults.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the consecutive patients with AIS in our comprehensive center in a 5-year period from our prospectively collected registry. We selected patients with age ≤50 years who had acute infarcts on brain magnetic resonance imaging or head computed tomography and underwent TEE as part of their diagnostic workup. Demographic details including, age, gender, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors profile, and TEE findings were collected.

RESULTS:
Among a total 7,930 patients, 876 (11.04%) were found to be ≤50 years old. Among those, TEE was done in 113 patients (12.8%) in addition to TTE. Those who underwent TEE had a mean age of 40.4 ± 7.9 years, 60 were male (53%), 7 (6.2%) had a history of coronary artery disease, 38 (33%) had a history of diabetes, and 45 (40%) had a history of smoking. TEE showed new abnormal findings in a total of 15 patients (13.2%) that were not reported in their TTEs. Out of these, left atrial appendage thrombus was found in 5, infective endocarditis in 4, atrial septal aneurysms associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO) in 3, and spontaneous mobile echo density in three patients. Overall, new findings from TEE resulted in change in the secondary stroke prevention strategy in 14 patients of those who underwent TEE (12.3%). TEE also confirmed the presence of PFO, which was present on TTE with bubble study in 20 (17.6%) patients.

CONCLUSION:
TEE may provide additional information in the evaluation of the AIS in young adults, which could lead to change of the secondary stroke prevention strategy.
Cryptocurrency investment: A safe venture or a new type of gambling?
Authors: Sonkurt Harun Olcay , Altınöz Ali Ercan 
Published: May 2021

Investment behaviour and gambling overlap from time to time. It is stated that there is a spectrum between gambling and investment behaviour, and there are “speculative” investment tools in the middle of the spectrum. Considering that it presents a higher risk because of its high volatility compared to traditional investment instruments, trading cryptocurrencies can become pathological and gambling-like. This study aims to investigate the pathological trading behaviour and frequency among cryptocurrency investors, to investigate additional gambling disorders, and to investigate the relationship between cryptocurrency investment behaviour and impulsivity. An online questionnaire was created to investigate these issues. In the questionnaire, the Pathological Trading Scale, the South Oaks Gambling Screen Test and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale were all used. A total of three hundred persons were evaluated. We found that total pathological traders were 48.7% of all traders, impulsivity in 18–25 age group was higher, high-frequency traders were more pathological, and their impulsivity was higher; also margin traders and day traders show more pathological behaviour. It seems that an important part of cryptocurrency traders may be pathological, and certain of them may have cryptocurrency addiction, which can be evaluated as a subtype of gambling disorder.Résumé Le comportement de l’investisseur et celui du joueur se chevauchent de temps à autre. On dit qu’il existe un spectre entre ces deux comportements, au milieu duquel se trouvent des outils d’investissement « spéculatif ». Compte tenu de leur risque plus élevé dû à leur plus grande volatilité par rapport aux instruments d’investissement traditionnels, les échanges de cryptomonnaies peuvent devenir pathologiques et s’apparenter aux jeux de hasard. Cette étude vise à analyser le comportement des investisseurs de cryptomonnaies et la fréquence de leurs opérations afin d’examiner d’autres troubles liés à la pratique des jeux de hasard et la relation entre le comportement des investisseurs de cryptomonnaies et l’impulsivité. Un questionnaire en ligne a été créé à cette fin et la Pathological Trading Scale, le South Oaks Gambling Screen Test et la Barratt Impulsivity Scale y étaient utilisés. En tout, 300 personnes ont été évaluées. Nous avons constaté que les joueurs pathologiques représentaient 48,7% de tous les spéculateurs, que l’impulsivité dans le groupe des personnes de 18 à 25 ans était plus élevée, et que les spéculateurs qui effectuaient des transactions plus souvent étaient plus pathologiques et faisaient preuve d’une plus grande impulsivité; de plus, les spéculateurs sur marge et les spéculateurs sur séance affichaient un comportement plus pathologique. Il semble qu’une proportion importante des spéculateurs de cryptomonnaies peuvent être pathologiques, et que certains d’entre eux peuvent être dépendants à l’égard des cryptomonnaies, ce qui peut être évalué comme un sous-type de jeu compulsif.
Breastfeeding practices in early infancy in Benin city, Nigeria
Authors: Akpan UJ , Ibadin MO , Abiodun PO 
Published: May 2021

Background: Adequate early infant nutrition is essential for subsequent optimum growth and development of the child. Exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of the best possible nutrition in early infancy.Objective: To assess current breastfeeding practices in early infancy in Benin City and further progress ( if any) that may have been made in the realisation of optimal early infant feeding practices in the locale in the preceding decade.Methods: A community-based household survey was carried out in three representative wards in Egor Local Government Area of Benin City, from June to September, 2009. Infant feeding practices were evaluated using pre-tested questionnaires on 1068 mothers of infants aged less than 12 months.Result: Five hundred and forty-six (51.1%) infants were aged less than 6 months. The Ever Breastfed Rate was 100.0% while the Timely Suckling Rate was 35.5%. The Exclusive and Predominant Breastfeeding Rates were respectively 40.7% and 30.4% while the Bottle-feeding Rate was 32.2%. Most (98.4%) mothers had correct information about exclusive breastfeeding obtained mainly from antenatal clinics and immunization centres. Factors significantly associated with EBF were high maternal education (χ2 = 9.718; p = 0.045), high socioeconomic status (χ2 = 12.910; p = 0.012), increasing maternal age (χ2 = 14.777; p = 0.022), higher parity (χ2 = 15.212; p = 0.009), delivery in hospital (χ2 = 15.079; p = 0.020) and infant’s age (χ2 = 100.482; P = 0.0001).Conclusions/Recommendations: Breastfeeding practices in Benin City have not improved much from what obtained a decade earlier. Greater emphasis on female education and socio-economic empowerment are advocated as tools for improvement. Reinvigoration of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative is also recommended to ensure continued health facility interface that would ensure community mobilisation and support for optimal breastfeeding.Key Words: Breastfeeding, Practices, Early Infancy, Benin City
Competency-based Learning: The effectiveness of targeted resident education and clinical auditing feedback on completed death certificate accuracy rates
Authors: Garba MA , Mustapha GM , Rejoice C , Mustapha B , Alhaji MA , Bello IA , Hassan AE 
Published: May 2021

Background: Death certification is an integral part of physician practice, yet common errors are being encountered from this vital source of health information. Most medical training programs lack formal curricula for this important skill. Accurate information from DC will help in improve our mortality data which can be use public health purposesObjectives: This study evaluated the effect of a multifaceted educational intervention on accuracy of completing death certification in a tertiary-based paediatric residency programMethod: A pre-post intervention and control cohort study over 12- month period to assess the effect of our multifaceted intervention accuracy rate of completed DC was conducted. The intervention consisted of a 3-part program (distribution of educational material, presentation by a skilled instructor, skills workshop, and clinical mortality/auditing feedback sessions). Primary outcome was the difference in scores preand post-intervention and also the rate of accuracy on the MAHI death certificate scoring system.Results: The mean score before the intervention was 6.8±2.7 and 7.1±2.3 in both the intervention and control cohorts respectively. The mean score after the intervention was 16.3±2.5 and 7.3±2.8 in both the intervention and control cohorts respectively indicating an increase in scores. The mean difference in pre- and post-tutorial scores was significant (t=20.39, p=0.0001).Conclusions: We found that using a multifaceted educational intervention to train junior physicians on how to correctly complete a DC was effective in a residency-based pediatric programKeywords: Death certificate, medical education, multifaceted training, heath information, Nigeria.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Jaja T , Yarhere IE 
Published: May 2021

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) in children and adolescents is on the increase, therefore, prevention and early detection are important.Objective: To assess for easily identifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity, hypertension, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and family history of diabetes) for T2DM in adolescents in public secondary schoolsResult: Eight hundred and eighty adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were screened and 124(14.1%) were overweight/obese. 457 (51.9%) of students had none of the risk factors while 272(30.9%) had at least one risk factor. Using the American Diabetes Association criteria for identification of those at risk for T2DM, 21(2.4%) were identified. The frequency of presence of risk factors was more in females (3.3%), mid adolescent age group (3.1%) and those with positive family history of diabetes. These findings were however not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant association between presence of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose and risk factor for type 2 DM.Conclusion: The significant risk factors identified in this study were prehypertension/hypertension and impaired fasting blood glucose.Key words: Adolescence, Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Envenomation secondary to facial snake bite: Report of a rare occurrence
Authors: Belonwu RO , Gwarzo GD 
Published: May 2021

In Nigeria, snake bite envenoming has remained a significant health problem. Most snake bites in Nigeria and elsewhere predominantly involve the limbs (upper and lower) but may involve other areas of the body depending on time and posture. Our index patient is a rare case of snake bite that involved the face while the child was asleep at night in a rural Fulani village, Nigeria. The challenges to the child’s management which included late presentation to the hospital and non availability of antisnake venom underscores the need for greater commitment on the part of government at various levels to stock and subsidise the price of antisnake venom in snake- bite prone areas.Keywords: snake, envenoming, face.
Sydenham’s chorea in a Nigerian girl: A case report
Authors: Ezenwa BN , Njokanma F 
Published: May 2021

Sydenham chorea is a major manifestation of Rheumatic fever (RF). Chorea occurs primarily in children and is rare after the age of 20 years. Females are more often affected and it almost never occurs in post-pubertal males. Sydenham’s chorea is characterized by emotional lability, uncoordinated and erratic movements, and muscular weakness. The choreiform movements can be a source of irritation or a severe functional disability to the individual requiring appropriate management. The rarity of documentation of SC in sub-Saharan Africa raises the possibility of missed or misdiagnosis. We present the case of a 13 year old girl whose SC was initially misdiagnosed and conclude that though uncommon in Sub-Saharan Africa, SC requires proper diagnosis and prompt medical attention.
Socio-economic status, lifestyle and childhood obesity in Gombe.
Authors: Alkali YS , Ambe JP , Sabin M , Zacharin M 
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood obesity is a complex condition resulting from an interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and socio-economic status. The prevalence has been increasing all over the world, probably due to economic transition and rapid urbanization as well as globalisation. This relationship should be well established for Improved Health Planning in Gombe State and Nigeria.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of Childhood Obesity and it`s relationship with the Socio-Economic Status of Parents and guardians.Methodology: Anthropometric measurements of children and adolescents in both public and private schools from primary to secondary levels were taken and their BMI calculated. The socioeconomic statuses of their parents, as well as the lifestyle of the children were assessed.Results: Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in children whose parents belonged to the middle and upper socio-economic class; these children had televisions and computers in their rooms and were driven to schoolConclusion: The picture is completely the reverse of what is obtainable in the developed and industrialised nations where overweight and obesity are more prevalent in children of the lower socio-economic class. Authors` contribution: The first author is the lead researcher and is a staff of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe while the second author, a staff of University of Maiduguri is the first supervisor who gave guidelines and made corrections. The second and the third authors are members of staff of the University of Melbourne in Australia; the third author provided a template on which the questionaire was based while the fourth author who is also the second supervisor, is a tutor of the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology; she facilitated the acceptance of the proposal and the sponsorship for the research. The research was carried out in Gombe, the capital of Gombe State in North Eastern NigeriaKeywords: Socio-Economic, Childhood, Obesity, Nigeria
Accidental sulphuric acid poisoning in a newborn
Authors: Abdulkadir I , Hassan L , Abdullahi F , Akeredolu FD , Purdue S , Okpe M , Sobowale AM , Adewumi OA , Abdullahi U , Onadiran MA , Sholadoye TT , Baba S , Ogala WN 
Published: May 2021

A six hour old baby girl presented with shortness of breath and haematemesis five hours after accidental ingestion of sulfuric acid. We report the clinical presentation of corrosive ingestion in a neonate a rare and sparsely reported occurrence at such tender age.Key words: Acid ingestion, corrosives injuries, caustic substances, chemical ingestion, newborn.