bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Covalent Organic Frameworks for Biosensing and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Ma Jianxin , Shu Tong , Sun Yanping , Zhou Xiang , Ren Chenyu , Su Lei , Zhang Xueji 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLuminescent covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) have attracted significant attention due to their tunability of structures and photophysical properties at molecular level. LCOFs are built to highly ordered and periodic 2D or 3D framework structures through covalently assembling with various luminophore building blocks. Recently, the advantages of LCOFs including predesigned properties of structure, unique photoluminescence, hypotoxicity and good biocompatibility and tumor penetration, broaden their applications in biorelated fields, such as biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery. A specific review that analyses the advances of LCOFs in the field of biosensing and bioimaging is thus urged to emerge. Here the construction of LCOFs is reviewed first. The synthetic chemistry of LCOFs highlights the key role of chemical linkages, which not only concrete the building blocks but also affect the optical properties and even can act as the responsive sites for potential sensing applications. How to brighten LCOFs are clarified through description of structure managements. The ability to utilize the luminescence of LCOFs for applications in biosensing and bioimaging is discussed using state‐of‐the‐art examples of varied practical goals. A prospect finally addresses opportunities and challenges the development of LCOFs facing from chemistry, physics to the applications, according to their current progress.
Effective Screening Route for Highly Active and Selective Metal−Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalysts in CO2 Electrochemical Reduction
Authors: Park Byoung Joon , Wang Ying , Lee Yechan , Noh Kyung‐Jong , Cho Ara , Jang Myeong Gon , Huang Rui , Lee Kug‐Seung , Han Jeong Woo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo identify high‐efficiency metal—nitrogen‐doped (M—N—C) electrocatalysts for the electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO reduction reaction (CO2RR), a method that uses density functional theory calculation is presented to evaluate their selectivity, activity, and structural stability. Twenty‐three M—N4—C catalysts are evaluated, and three of them (M = Fe, Co, or Ni) are identified as promising candidates. They are synthesized and tested as proof‐of‐concept catalysts for CO2‐to‐CO conversion. Different key descriptors, including the maximum reaction energy, differences of the *H and *CO binding energy (ΔG*H−ΔG*CO), and *CO desorption energy (ΔG*CO→CO(g)), are used to clarify the reaction mechanism. These computational descriptors effectively predict the experimental observations in the entire range of electrochemical potential. The findings provide a guideline for rational design of heterogeneous CO2RR electrocatalysts.
P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$ scheme
Authors: Chung Hee Sok 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We compute P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme based on nonrelativistic effective field theories. We include nonperturbative effects from the long-distance behaviors of the potential, while the short-distance behaviors are determined from perturbative QCD. We obtain $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

-renormalized P-wave quarkonium wavefunctions at the origin that have the correct scale dependences that are expected from factorization formalisms, so that the dependences on the scheme and scale cancel in physical quantities. This greatly reduces the theoretical uncertainties associated with scheme and scale dependences in predictions of decay and production rates. Based on the calculation of the P-wave wavefunctions at the origin in this work, we make first-principles predictions of electromagnetic decay rates and exclusive electromagnetic production rates of P-wave charmonia and bottomonia, and compare them with measurements.
Hilbert series for leptonic flavor invariants in the minimal seesaw model
Authors: Yu Bingrong , Zhou Shun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we examine the leptonic flavor invariants in the minimal see-saw model (MSM), in which only two right-handed neutrino singlets are added into the Standard Model in order to accommodate tiny neutrino masses and explain cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry via leptogenesis mechanism. For the first time, we calculate the Hilbert series (HS) for the leptonic flavor invariants in the MSM. With the HS we demonstrate that there are totally 38 basic flavor invariants, among which 18 invariants are CP-odd and the others are CP-even. Moreover, we explicitly construct these basic invariants, and any other flavor invariants in the MSM can be decomposed into the polynomials of them. Interestingly, we find that any flavor invariants in the effective theory at the low-energy scale can be expressed as rational functions of those in the full MSM at the high-energy scale. Practical applications to the phenomenological studies of the MSM, such as the sufficient and necessary conditions for CP conservation and CP asymmetries in leptogenesis, are also briefly discussed.
Higgs branches of 5d rank-zero theories from geometry
Authors: Collinucci Andrés , De Marco Mario , Sangiovanni Andrea , Valandro Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We study the Higgs branches of five-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 rank-zero theories obtained from M-theory on two classes non-toric non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds: Reid’s pagodas, and Laufer’s examples. Our approach consists in reducing to IIA with D6-branes and O6-planes, and computing the open-string spectra giving rise to hypermultiplets. Starting with the seven-dimensional worldvolume theories, we switch on T-brane backgrounds to give rise to bound states with angles. We observe that the resulting partially Higgsed 5d theories have discrete gauge groups, from which we readily deduce the geometry of the Higgs branches as orbifolds of quaternionic varieties.
Flavor SU(3) in Cabibbo-favored D-meson decays
Authors: Bhattacharya Bhubanjyoti , Datta Alakabha , Petrov Alexey A. , Waite John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Model-independent description of nonleptonic decays of charmed mesons is a challenging task due to large nonperturbative effects of strong interactions on the transition amplitudes. We discuss the equivalence of two different flavor-SU(3)-based descriptions of Cabibbo-favored non-leptonic decays of charmed mesons to two-pseudoscalars final states including the η and η′ mesons.
Gauge independent quantum gravitational corrections to Maxwell’s equation
Authors: Katuwal S. , Woodard R. P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider quantum gravitational corrections to Maxwell’s equations on flat space background. Although the vacuum polarization is highly gauge dependent, we explicitly show that this gauge dependence is canceled by contributions from the source which disturbs the effective field and the observer who measures it. Our final result is a gauge independent, real and causal effective field equation that can be used in the same way as the classical Maxwell equation.
Sexualisierte Gewalt in der Erfahrung Jugendlicher: Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Befragung
Authors: Erkens Christiane , Scharmanski Sara , Heßling Angelika 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit 1998 erhebt die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) im Rahmen ihrer Repräsentativbefragung „Jugendsexualität“ Daten zur Verbreitung von sexualisierter Gewalt im Jugendalter. Seither wurde das Messinstrument stetig weiterentwickelt und kann somit auch einen Beitrag zur Bearbeitung der Forschungslücken im Bereich der Prävalenzforschung leisten.

Ziel
Anhand der Ergebnisse der 9. Trendwelle sollen die Prävalenzen erlebter körperlicher und nichtkörperlicher sexualisierter Gewalt in der Erfahrung junger Menschen sowie Daten zu Täterkreisen und zum Disclosure-Verhalten Betroffener dargestellt werden.

Methode
An der kombiniert mündlich-schriftlichen CAPI-Befragung (Computer-assisted Personal Interviewing) nahmen Jugendliche (14–17 Jahre) und junge Erwachsene (18–25 Jahre) teil (N = 6032). Der Fragenkatalog wurde im Rahmen der 2019 durchgeführten 9. Welle u. a. um die Frage nach Lebenszeitprävalenzen zu nichtkörperlicher Gewalt erweitert. Erste Ergebnisse werden hier deskriptiv dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Sexualisierte Gewalt im Jugendalter wird mehrheitlich innerhalb der eigenen Peergruppe (unter gleichaltrigen Bekannten) erfahren. Auch hinsichtlich des Disclosure-Verhaltens betroffener Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen spielen Gleichaltrige eine übergeordnete Rolle.

Diskussion
Die Daten bestärken Ergebnisse anderer Dunkelfeldstudien zu den Unterschieden des Erlebens sexualisierter Gewalt in Kindheit und Jugendalter. Die vorliegende Studie trägt zu einem kontinuierlichen Monitoring bei und kann auch zukünftig sexualisierte Gewalt in der aktuellen Generation junger Menschen erfassen. Es gilt, den Studienergebnissen gezielte, evidenzbasierte und zielgruppenspezifische Präventionsmaßnahmen anzuschließen.
Epidemiologie der Skabies in Deutschland: Multi-Source-Analyse von Primär- und Sekundärdaten
Authors: Augustin Matthias , Garbe Claudia , Girbig Gefion , Strömer Klaus , Kirsten Natalia 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Skabies stellt weltweit eine der häufigsten und hinsichtlich der Krankheitslast bedeutendsten Hautkrankheiten dar. In Deutschland wird derzeit eine Zunahme von Fällen diskutiert, wofür bisher belastbare Zahlen fehlten.

Fragestellung
Häufigkeit und Versorgungsmerkmale der Skabies in Deutschland.

Material und Methode
Multi-Source-Analysen aus Versorgungsdaten einer bundesweiten gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, des Statistischen Bundesamtes und von betrieblichen Hautscreenings.

Ergebnisse
In Deutschland weist Skabies seit 2009 und insbesondere seit 2014 eine steigende Versorgungsprävalenz auf. Im ambulanten Bereich findet sich ein Anstieg zwischen 2010 und 2015 von 52,8 % auf etwa 128.000 Behandlungsfälle. Stationär werden in Deutschland derzeit jährlich über 11.000 Fälle mit Skabies als Hauptdiagnose (ICD-10 B86) dokumentiert. Der Anstieg zwischen 2010 und 2016 betrug etwa 306 %. Hauptversorgende ambulante Fachgruppen sind Dermatologen und Hausärzte, im stationären Bereich Fachabteilungen für Dermatologie, Pädiatrie und Innere Medizin.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Versorgungsbedarf wird zukünftig aufgrund der vorgenannten Entwicklung von Prävalenz und Inzidenz weiter auf einem hohen Niveau bleiben, was einen erhöhten Aufklärungs- und Früherkennungsbedarf nahelegt.
Epitheloides Angiomyolipom der Niere nach stattgehabtem malignem Melanom
Authors: Rothe H. , Gaber A. , Dittrich B. , Nagel M. , Tuffaha M. , Hoschke B. 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Therapie der epitheloiden Angiomyolipome (eAML) kann eine Herausforderung darstellen, da bei dieser sehr seltenen Unterform der gutartigen mesenchymalen Angiomyolipome anders als bei den klassischen Angiomyolipomen bei bis zu 30 % der Fälle Lymphknotenmetastasen, lokale Rezidive und Fernmetastasen auftreten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir berichten hier nach unserer Recherche erstmals in Deutschland von einem Fall von eAML nach stattgehabtem malignem Melanom.

Material und Methoden
Neben der Klinik und Histologie wird die genetische Untersuchung des Tumorgewebes dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Es fand sich eine somatische, trunkierende Mutation des TSC2-Gens („tuberous sclerosis complex“) im Angiomyolipom.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Beziehung zu verwandten Tumorentitäten in der histologischen Diagnostik wird dargestellt und eine mögliche Rolle der genetischen Diagnostik für die Therapieplanung diskutiert.
Robot and ukiyo-e: implications to cultural varieties in human–robot relationships
Authors: Sakura Osamu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe social and cultural causes behind the widespread use and acceptance of robots in Japan are not yet completely understood. This study compares humans and robots in images gathered through Google searches in Japanese and in English. Numerous pictures obtained by the search in Japanese were found to have a human and a robot looking together at something else (“third item”), whereas many of the images acquired by search in English show a human and a robot facing each other. This is similar to the composition of mother and child in paintings: in ukiyo-e that was painted mainly in the Edo period of Japan, the mother and child are often depicted together viewing something other than themselves, whereas this is not the case in Western paintings of mother and child. It has also been pointed out that, in modern Western paintings, the world inside the picture is separated from the outside world, forming an independent microcosmos, whereas the inside and outside are continuous in Japanese paintings. These may indicate that, in Japanese society, robots are to a certain extent regarded as fellow human beings who can share the third item. In Western society, on the other hand, no code is embedded that can fix robots’ superiority or inferiority to humans, which would easily trigger an antagonistic view toward artificial intelligence (AI)/robots as threatening entities, as shown in most of Western literature and movies. We suggest that such cultural characteristics of Japanese society can contribute to enhance coexistence with AI/robots.
Cell survival after DNA damage in the comet assay
Authors: Bankoglu Ezgi Eyluel , Schuele Carolin , Stopper Helga 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe comet assay is widely used in basic research, genotoxicity testing, and human biomonitoring. However, interpretation of the comet assay data might benefit from a better understanding of the future fate of a cell with DNA damage. DNA damage is in principle repairable, or if extensive, can lead to cell death. Here, we have correlated the maximally induced DNA damage with three test substances in TK6 cells with the survival of the cells. For this, we selected hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as an alkylating agent and etoposide as a topoisomerase II inhibitor. We measured cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and micronucleus frequency on the following day, in the same cell culture, which had been analyzed in the comet assay. After treatment, a concentration dependent increase in DNA damage and in the percentage of non-vital and apoptotic cells was found for each substance. Values greater than 20–30% DNA in tail caused the death of more than 50% of the cells, with etoposide causing slightly more cell death than H2O2 or MMS. Despite that, cells seemed to repair of at least some DNA damage within few hours after substance removal. Overall, the reduction of DNA damage over time is due to both DNA repair and death of heavily damaged cells. We recommend that in experiments with induction of DNA damage of more than 20% DNA in tail, survival data for the cells are provided.
Funktioneller Status und Lebensqualität von geriatrischen Patienten mit Wunden im Akutkrankenhaus
Authors: Lamotte Sylvie , Rappl Anja , Freiberger Ellen , Sieber Cornel Christian , Gehr Thomas Johann 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geriatrische Patienten sind alters- und krankheitsbedingt für das Auftreten einer Wunde, die den funktionellen Status und die Lebensqualität beeinträchtigt, prädisponiert. Dieser Aspekt wurde bisher in dieser Population wenig untersucht.

Ziel
Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von chronischer (cW) und akuter Wunde (aW) auf den objektiven funktionalen Status sowie auf die wundbezogene subjektive Lebensqualität bei hospitalisierten geriatrischen Patienten zu untersuchen.

Methode
In dieser explorativen Querschnittsanalyse wurden die Daten von 41 Patienten mit Wunden untersucht, die in der Studie „Transsektorales Interventionsprogramm zur Verbesserung der Geriatrischen Versorgung in Regensburg“ (TIGER) (n = 244) rekrutiert wurden. Je nach Art der Wunde wurden die Patienten der Gruppe der aW (n = 19) oder cW (n = 22) zugeteilt. Die beiden Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich Mobilität, Handkraft, Alltagsaktivitäten, Emotion, Kognition und Ernährung sowie der wundbezogenen Lebensqualität (Wound-QoL) und soziodemografischen Daten miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Zwischen der aW- und der cW-Gruppe ergab sich ein signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich des Geschlechtes (p = 0,045) und der Wohnsituation (p = 0,047). Die Art der Wunde war mit dem Barthel-Index (p = 0,010) und dem Wound-QoL (p = 0,022) assoziiert.

Diskussion
Im Vergleich zu den aW-Patienten sind die cW-Patienten in den physischen und sozialen Dimensionen eingeschränkter und berichten von geringerer Lebensqualität. Die Wohnsituation von Alleinlebenden scheint dabei eine relevante Rolle zu spielen. Bei den Patienten der TIGER-Studie waren besonders alleinlebende Männer von cW betroffen. Die Betreuung dieser spezifischen Patientenpopulation sollte einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz verfolgen.
Latency duration of preterm premature rupture of membranes and neonatal outcome: a retrospective single-center experience
Authors: Müller Hanna , Stähling Ann-Christin , Bruns Nora , Weiss Christel , Ai Maria , Köninger Angela , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), a decision between early delivery with prematurity complications and pregnancy prolongation bearing the risk of chorioamnionitis has to be made. To define disadvantages of delayed prolongation, latency duration of PPROM in expectantly managed pregnancies was investigated. We included those PPROMs > 48 h leading to preterm birth prior 37 weeks’ gestation and retrospectively analyzed 84 preterm infants fulfilling these criteria. The association between latency duration/appearance of PPROM and respiratory outcome (primary outcomes) and neurological outcome (secondary outcomes) was investigated. The study showed that latency duration of PPROM is not associated with clinical or histological chorioamnionitis (p = 0.275; p = 0.332). As the numerous clinical parameters show multicollinearity between each other, we performed a multiple regression analysis to consider this fact. Respiratory distress syndrome is significantly associated with gestational age at PPROM (p < 0.001), and surfactant application is significantly associated with PPROM duration (p = 0.014). The other respiratory parameters including steroids and diuretics therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the neurological parameters (intraventricular hemorrhage, Bayley II testing at a corrected age of 24 months) were not significantly associated with PPROM duration or gestational age at PPROM diagnosis.Conclusion: Latency duration of PPROM was not associated with adverse neonatal outcome in expectantly and carefully managed pregnancies, but respiratory distress syndrome was pronounced. The observed effect of pronounced respiratory distress syndrome can be treated with surfactant preparations and was not followed by increased rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

What is Known:• In case of preterm premature rupture of membranes, a decision between pregnancy prolongation with the risk of chorioamnionitis and early delivery with prematurity complications has to be made.• Chorioamnionitis is a dangerous situation for the pregnant woman and the fetus.• Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome is strongly correlated with pronounced prematurity due to the increased rate of serious complications.

What is New:• Respiratory distress syndrome is significantly associated with gestational age at PPROM, and surfactant application is significantly associated with PPROM duration.• Latency duration of PPROM is not associated with adverse respiratory neonatal outcome (therapy with continuous positive airway pressure, therapy with diuretics and/or steroids, bronchopulmonary dysplasia) in expectantly and carefully managed pregnancies.• Intraventricular hemorrhage and Bayley II testing at a corrected age of 24 months are not associated with latency duration of PPROM when pregnancies are carefully observed.
Lung development and immune status under chronic LPS exposure in rat pups with and without CD26/DPP4 deficiency
Authors: Schmiedl Andreas , Wagener Inga , Jungen Meike , von Hörsten Stephan , Stephan Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26), a multifactorial integral type II protein, is expressed in the lungs during development and is involved in inflammation processes. We tested whether daily LPS administration influences the CD26-dependent retardation in morphological lung development and induces alterations in the immune status. Newborn Fischer rats with and without CD26 deficiency were nebulized with 1 µg LPS/2 ml NaCl for 10 min from days postpartum (dpp) 3 to 9. We used stereological methods and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to determine morphological lung maturation and alterations in the pulmonary leukocyte content on dpp 7, 10, and 14. Daily LPS application did not change the lung volume but resulted in a significant retardation of alveolarization in both substrains proved by significantly lower values of septal surface and volume as well as higher mean free distances in airspaces. Looking at the immune status after LPS exposure compared to controls, a significantly higher percentage of B lymphocytes and decrease of CD4+CD25+ T cells were found in both subtypes, on dpp7 a significantly higher percentage of CD4 T+ cells in CD26+ pups, and a significantly higher percentage of monocytes in CD26− pups. The percentage of T cells was significantly higher in the CD26-deficient group on each dpp. Thus, daily postnatal exposition to low doses of LPS for 1 week resulted in a delay in formation of secondary septa, which remained up to dpp 14 in CD26− pups. The retardation was accompanied by moderate parenchymal inflammation and CD26-dependent changes in the pulmonary immune cell composition.
Solid tumor size for prediction of recurrence in large and giant non-functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ko Ching-Chung , Chang Chin-Hong , Chen Tai-Yuan , Lim Sher-Wei , Wu Te-Chang , Chen Jeon-Hor , Kuo Yu‐Ting 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA subset of large non-functioning pituitary adenomas (lNFPA) and giant non-functioning pituitary adenomas (gNFPA) undergoes early progression/recurrence (P/R) after surgery. This study revealed the clinical and image predictors of P/R in lNFPA and gNFPA, with emphasis on solid tumor size. This retrospective study investigated the preoperative MR imaging features for the prediction of P/R in lNFPA (> 3 cm) and gNFPA (> 4 cm). Only the patients with a complete preoperative brain MRI and undergone postoperative MRI follow-ups for more than 1 year were included. From November 2010 to December 2020, a total of 34 patients diagnosed with lNFPA and gNFPA were included (median follow-up time 47.6 months) in this study. A total of twenty-three (23/34, 67.6%) patients had P/R, and the median time to P/R is 25.2 months. Solid tumor diameter (STD), solid tumor volume (STV), and extent of resection are associated with P/R (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed large STV is a risk factor for P/R (p < 0.05) with a hazard ratio of 30.79. The cutoff points of STD and STV for prediction of P/R are 26 mm and 7.6 cm3, with AUCs of 0.78 and 0.79 respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis of tumor P/R trends showed that patients with larger STD and STV exhibited shorter progression-free survival (p < 0.05). For lNFPA and gNFPA, preoperative STD and STV are significant predictors of P/R. The results offer objective and valuable information for treatment planning in this subgroup.