bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial emotion training as an intervention in autism spectrum disorder: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wu Renjing , Zhu Siyu , Le Jiao , Chen Yuanshu , Lan Chunmei , Yao Shuxia , Zhao Weihua , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA large number of computer‐based training programs have been developed as an intervention to help individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) improve their facial emotion recognition ability, as well as social skills. However, it is unclear to what extent these facial emotion training programs can produce beneficial, long‐lasting, and generalizable results. Using standard meta‐analytic techniques, we investigated the effects of facial emotion training including generalization and maintenance restricted to randomized control trial studies comprising a total of 595 individuals with ASD. Our findings revealed that the intervention resulted in a robust improvement in emotion recognition for individuals receiving training compared with controls. However, while there was also some evidence for generalization of training effects, the small number of studies which conducted follow‐ups and assessed social skills reported that improvements were not maintained and there was no evidence for general improvement in social skills. Overall, the analysis revealed a medium effect size in training improvement indicating that facial emotion training may be an effective method for enhancing emotion recognition skills in ASD although more studies are required to assess maintenance of effects and possible general improvements in social skills.Lay summaryFacial emotion training as an intervention may be a potential way to help improve emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however robust empirical support for its efficacy has not been sufficiently established. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of previous studies to summarize the effects of facial emotion training on ASD. Our results show that the training produces a robust improvement in subsequent emotion recognition, while maintenance and generalization effects still need further investigation. To date, no experimentally verified improvements in social skills have been reported.
Improved Electrochemical Performance of Zinc Anodes by EDTA in Near‐Neutral Zinc−Air Batteries
Authors: Montiel Guerrero Saul Said , Durmus Yasin Emre , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Basak Shibabrata , Tempel Hermann , van Waasen Stefan , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) electrolyte additive on the performance of Zn−air batteries with near‐neutral chloride‐based electrolytes was examined for primary and secondary batteries. The electrochemical measurements indicated that Zn is not completely active in neat 2 M NaCl, but still could be discharged up to 1 mA cm−2 around −1.0 VAg/AgCl. The characterization of the Zn surfaces revealed the existence of a passive film consisting of Simonkolleite, Zn(OH)2, and/or ZnO. The EDTA additive enhanced the discharge voltages by 200 mV to −1.2 VAg/AgCl indicating an active Zn surface. The effect of EDTA is explained by its chelation abilities with Zn2+ before formation of hydroxide or oxide species. The Zn−air cells with EDTA were operated up to 930 h with specific energies up to 840 Wh kgZn−1. The cells could also be cycled up to 70 cycles while providing enhanced discharge voltages at 1.15 V over 50 cycles. The positive effect of EDTA is dependent on the amount of free EDTA molecules. Nevertheless, the Zn−air cells showed better performance in terms of higher discharge voltage, discharge energies, and lower overpotentials in presence of EDTA.
Investigation of the combustion and emissions of lignin‐derived aromatic oxygenates in a marine diesel engine
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Kouris Georgios D , Kouris Panos D , Hensen Emiel J M , Boot Michael D , Wu Dawei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a hard‐to‐decarbonize sector, the shipping industry is experiencing demands to accelerate the transition from fossil fuels to alternative low‐carbon fuels, to significantly reduce the negative impacts on the environment. Biofuels are regarded as one of the solutions for decarbonization in the marine sector. This paper introduces a lignin‐derived drop‐in biofuel, 2‐methoxy‐4‐propylphenol (2M4PP), from non‐edible feedstocks and investigates engine performance using its 10% (by volume) blend with standard diesel fuel (DF) at variable engine speeds and loads. Results show insignificant difference between the in‐cylinder pressures of the proposed blend and DF. The diesel‐2M4PP blend emits less carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NOx) than DF at all speeds by up to 39.6% and 10.7% respectively, although its brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is higher. A Ricardo wave model, which is validated with engine experimental data at 2400 rpm speed and full load, is investigated by adjusting injection pressure, injection timing, injection duration and nozzle diameter. The optimal parameters, i.e., 214 bar injection pressure, 6° injection timing, 41.4° injection duration, and 0.37 mm injector orifice, lead to the best engine performance with improved brake power, reduced NOx emissions, and limited influence on BSFC and hydrocarbon emissions compared to DF. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Carbonstäbe im Bauwesen – Teil 5: Einflussfaktoren auf das Verbundverhalten
Authors: Betz Peter , Schumann Alexander , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNachdem in den vorherigen Veröffentlichungen dieser Publikationsserie die Grundlagen beschrieben sowie die ersten Vorversuche zum Verbundverhalten von Carbonstäben veröffentlicht wurden, folgt in diesem Beitrag die Darstellung wesentlicher Einflussfaktoren auf das Verbundverhalten von carbonstabbewehrten Betonbauteilen. Für eine ausgewählte Stabvariante – einen Carbonstab mit einer gefrästen Oberflächenprofilierung – werden konkret die Einflüsse von Betonfestigkeit und Verbundlänge auf das Verbundverhalten experimentell untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen u. a., dass mit der gewählten Stabvariante die maximal übertragbaren Verbundspannungen mit höheren Betonfestigkeiten ansteigen. Des Weiteren konnte eine Grenzverbundspannung für den Carbonstab nachgewiesen werden, ab welcher mit ansteigender Betonfestigkeit keine höhere Verbundfestigkeit mehr erwartet werden kann. In diesem Fall trat dies erst bei der Verwendung eines ultrahochfesten Betons auf. Analytische Modelle zur Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Einflüsse schließen den Beitrag ab.
Noninvasive, label‐free, and quantitative monitoring of lipase kinetics using terahertz emission technology
Authors: Nahar Sharifun , Mohamed Ahmed , Ropagnol Xavier , Hassanpour Amir , Kiwa Toshihiko , Ozaki Tsuneyuki , Gauthier Marc A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnzymes catalyze chemical transformations of great importance in many fields, and analysis of the rate of these transformations is equally important. The latter are typically monitored using surrogate substrates that produce quantifiable optical signals, owing to limitations associated with “label‐free” techniques that could be used to monitor the transformation of original substrate molecules. In this study, terahertz (THz) emission technology is used as a noninvasive and label‐free technique to monitor the kinetics of lipase‐induced hydrolysis of several substrate molecules (including the complex substrate whole cow's milk) and horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed oxidation of o‐phenylenediamine in the presence of H2O2. This technique was found to be quantitative, and kinetic parameters are compared to those obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy or UV/Vis spectroscopy. This study sets the stage for investigating THz emission technology as a tool for research and development involving enzymes, and for monitoring industrial processes in the food, cosmetic, detergent, pharmaceutical, and biodiesel sectors.
Chemometric analysis of active compounds and antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities for the quality evaluation of licorice from different origins
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Guo Xinhua , Zhao Ping , Zhang Xuemin , Gao Wenyuan , Li Xia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractContents of total flavonoids (TFc), total phenolics (TPc), and total crude polysaccharide (TCPc) in licorice from different origins were determined by optimized colorimetric methods, whereas five monomer ingredients (liquiritin [LQ], isoliquiritin [ILQ], liquiritigenin [LQG], isoliquiritigenin [ILQG], and glycyrrhizic acid [GA]) were simultaneously identified and quantified by HPLC–MS and HPLC. The results indicated that the contents of chemical compounds in licorice showed significant difference in different origins. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis further proved that producing area indeed affected the quality including compounds and pharmacological activity in licorice. Licorice from Inner Mongolia exhibited the excellent DPPH assay, whereas samples from Gansu and Xinjiang showed high scavenging capacity to OH and ABTS free radicals. Meanwhile, α‐Glu inhibitory activity of licorice samples was four times higher than the antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis made clear that TFc and TCPc both strongly contribute to DPPH scavenge capacity at P < 0.01 level, whereas TCPc contributed to α‐Glu inhibitory activity at P < 0.05 level. This study would contribute to the comprehensive quality evaluation based on the compounds and pharmacological activity of licorice, and provide a reference for the choice of producing area to ensure the quality of licorice as a medicine.
Squalene epoxidase promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation through accumulating calcitriol and activating CYP24A1‐mediated MAPK signaling
Authors: He Luwei , Li Huaguang , Pan Chenyu , Hua Yutong , Peng Jiayin , Zhou Zhaocai , Zhao Yun , Lin Moubin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant tumors with high incidence, yet its molecular mechanism is not fully understood, hindering the development of targeted therapy. Metabolic abnormalities are a hallmark of cancer. Targeting dysregulated metabolic features has become an important direction for modern anticancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to identify a new metabolic enzyme that promotes proliferation of CRC and to examine the related molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing and tissue microarray analyses of human CRC samples to identify new genes involved in CRC. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) was identified to be highly upregulated in CRC patients. The regulatory function of SQLE in CRC progression and the therapeutic effect of SQLE inhibitors were determined by measuring CRC cell viability, colony and organoid formation, intracellular cholesterol concentration and xenograft tumor growth. The molecular mechanism of SQLE function was explored by combining transcriptome and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Western blotting and real‐time PCR were used to assess MAPK signaling activation by SQLE.ResultsSQLE‐related control of cholesterol biosynthesis was highly upregulated in CRC patients and associated with poor prognosis. SQLE promoted CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SQLE reduced the levels of calcitriol (active form of vitamin D3) and CYP24A1, followed by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Subsequently, MAPK signaling was suppressed, resulting in the inhibition of CRC cell growth. Consistently, terbinafine, an SQLE inhibitor, suppressed CRC cell proliferation and organoid and xenograft tumor growth.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that SQLE promotes CRC through the accumulation of calcitriol and stimulation of CYP24A1‐mediated MAPK signaling, highlighting SQLE as a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
SphK1‐driven autophagy potentiates focal adhesion paxillin‐mediated metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Jiang‐Ni , Lin Lan , Luo Shi‐Bo , Qiu Xin‐Ze , Zhu Li‐Ye , Chen Da , Wei Er‐Dan , Fu Zhen‐Hua , Qin Meng‐Bin , Liang Zhi‐Hai , Huang Jie‐An , Liu Shi‐Quan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvasion and metastasis are the main causes of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related death. Accumulating evidence suggested that sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) promoted the metastasis of CRC and autophagy played an important role in SphK1 promoting the metastasis of malignancy. However, the mechanism by which SphK1‐driven autophagy promotes invasion and metastasis in CRC remains to be clarified. In the present study, immunohistochemical detection showed the expression of SphK1 and paxillin was higher in human CRC tissues than those of normal colorectal mucosal tissues, they were both associated with TNM staging, lymphatic, and distance metastasis. In addition, study of in situ tumor transplantation model in nude mice showed that the suppression of SphK1 inhibited the growth of colonic orthotopic implantation tumors and the expression of paxillin, p‐paxillin, LC3 in the tumor. So, SphK1 may promote CRC metastasis via inducing the expression of paxillin expression and its phosphorylation, in vivo. Furthermore, results of CCK8 assay, transwell and wound healing assays showed that SphK1 promoted the viability, invasion, and metastasis of CRC cells. Transmission electron microscopy detection showed that SphK1 is the key factor in autophagy induction in CRC cells. Moreover, western blot examination indicated that the expression of LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, paxillin, p‐paxillin, MMP‐2, and vimentin was enhanced in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells and suppressed in SphK1 knockdown CRC cells, meanwhile, the expression of E‐cadherin was suppressed in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells and enhanced in SphK1 knockdown CRC cells. Suppression of autophagy by 3MA reversed the expression of paxillin and its phosphorylation in SphK1‐overexpressed CRC cells, indicated that SphK1‐driven autophagy induced the expression of paxillin and its phosphorylation in CRC cells. Together, these findings reveal that SphK1‐driven autophagy may promote the invasion and metastasis of CRC via promoting the expression of focal adhesion paxillin and its phosphorylation.
Peptide‐PAINT Enables Investigation of Endogenous Talin with Molecular Scale Resolution in Cells and Tissues
Authors: Fischer Lisa S. , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Chrostek‐Grashoff Anna , Grashoff Carsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTalin is a cell adhesion molecule that is indispensable for the development and function of multicellular organisms. Despite its central role for many cell biological processes, suitable methods to investigate the nanoscale organization of talin in its native environment are missing. Here, we overcome this limitation by combining single‐molecule resolved PAINT (points accumulation in nanoscale topography) imaging with the IRIS (image reconstruction by integrating exchangeable single‐molecule localization) approach, enabling the quantitative analysis of genetically unmodified talin molecules in cells. We demonstrate that a previously reported peptide can be utilized to specifically label the two major talin isoforms expressed in mammalian tissues with a localization precision of <10 nm. Our experiments show that the methodology performs equally well as state‐of‐the‐art single‐molecule localization techniques, and the first applications reveal a thus far undescribed cell adhesion structure in differentiating stem cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of this peptide‐PAINT technique to mouse tissues paving the way to single‐protein imaging of endogenous talin proteins under physiologically relevant conditions.
Non‐conventional method of pontic site preservation with laser‐assisted bone regeneration
Authors: Jayash Soher Nagi , Habash Ghassan , Kamal Mudar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis report presents an alternative method to the removal of failing implant and using a bone graft to preserve ridge which needs several months to heal and it is a costly technique. The pontic site was preserved by covering the failing implant with connective tissue and laser‐assisted peri‐implant defect regeneration.
Activated Carbon/Bentonite/Fe3O4 as Novel Nanobiocomposite for High Removal of Cr(VI) Ions
Authors: Yao Lei , Esmaeili Hossein , Haghani Mahboubeh , Roco-Videla Angel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActivated carbon/bentonite/magnetite nanobiocomposite was used to remove Cr(VI) ions from water. The physical properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by various spectroscopic analyses. The specific surface area of the nanocomposite was 337.96 m2g−1, which is a significant value. The maximum uptake efficiency and maximum uptake capacity of the adsorbent were 98 % and 29.32 mg g−1, respectively, which are also considerable values. The maximum uptake efficiency was obtained at pH 9, after 80 min, at a nanocomposite dosage of 2 g L−1, an ion concentration of 5 mg L−1, and a temperature of 25 °C. The thermodynamic study indicated that the sorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The nanocomposite reusability study after six cycles of reuse demonstrated that the bionanocomposite can be used for up to three cycles without significant change in its uptake efficiency.
Auf den Spuren Primo Levis und des Periodischen Systems
Authors: Groß Katharina , Bornemann Katharina , Sommershof Susanne 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch in den naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern kann Antisemitismusprävention direkt und/oder indirekt berücksichtigt werden. Der Beitrag setzt den jüdischen Chemiker Primo Levi in den Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung und zeigt auf, wie Ausschnitte aus seinem Buch Das periodische System für den fächerübergreifenden Chemie‐ und den fächerverbindenden Projektunterricht mit Schülerinnen und Schülern didaktisch sinnvoll aufbereitet werden können.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of CF3Se‐Substituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Han Zhou‐Zhou , Dong Tao , Ming Xiao‐Xia , Kuang Fu , Zhang Cheng‐Pan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSeveral CF3Se‐substituted α‐amino acid derivatives, such as (R)‐2‐amino‐3‐((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (5 a/6 a), (S)‐2‐amino‐4‐((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 b/6 b), (2R,3R)‐2‐amino‐3‐((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 c/6 c), (R)‐2‐((S)‐2‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanamido)‐3‐((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 a/12 a), and (R)‐2‐(2‐aminoacetamido)‐3‐((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 b/12 b), were readily synthesized from natural amino acids and [Me4N][SeCF3]. The primaryin vitrocytotoxicity assays revealed that compounds6 a,11 aand12 awere more effective cell growth inhibitors than the other tested CF3Se‐substituted derivatives towards MCF‐7, HCT116, and SK‐OV‐3 cells, with their IC50values being less than 10 μM for MCF‐7 and HCT116 cells. This study indicated the potentials of CF3Se moiety as a pharmaceutically relevant group in the design and synthesis of novel biologically active molecules.
Delays in breast cancer care by race and sexual orientation: Results from a national survey with diverse women in the United States
Authors: Poteat Tonia C. , Adams Mary Anne , Malone Jowanna , Geffen Sophia , Greene Naomi , Nodzenski Michael , Lockhart Alexandre G. , Su I‐Hsuan , Dean Lorraine T. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDespite known differences in breast cancer by both race and sexual orientation, data on the intersectional experiences of Black sexual minority women (BSMW) along the care continuum are scant. This study sought to understand delays in breast cancer care by examining the intersection of race and sexual orientation.MethodsThis online, cross‐sectional survey enrolled racially and sexually diverse women aged ≥ 35 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the prior 10 years or had an abnormal screening in the prior 24 months. The authors calculated summary statistics by race/sexual orientation categories, and they conducted univariate and multivariable modeling by using multiple imputation for missing data.ResultsBSMW (n = 101) had the highest prevalence of care delays with 5.17‐fold increased odds of a care delay in comparison with White heterosexual women (n = 298) in multivariable models. BSMW reported higher intersectional stigma and lower social support than all other groups. In models adjusted for race, sexual orientation, and income, intersectional stigma was associated with a 2.43‐fold increase in care delays, and social support was associated with a 32% decrease in the odds of a care delay.ConclusionsIntersectional stigma may be an important driver of breast cancer inequities for BSMW. Reducing stigma and ensuring access to appropriate social support that addresses known barriers can be an important approach to reducing inequities in the breast cancer care continuum.
Minimizers for the Thin One‐Phase Free Boundary Problem
Authors: Engelstein Max , Kauranen Aapo , Prats Martí , Sakellaris Georgios , Sire Yannick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider the “thin one‐phase" free boundary problem, associated to minimizing a weighted Dirichlet energy of the function inplus the area of the positivity set of that function in. We establish full regularity of the free boundary for dimensions, prove almost everywhere regularity of the free boundary in arbitrary dimension, and provide content and structure estimates on the singular set of the free boundary when it exists. All of these results hold for the full range of the relevant weight.While our results are typical for the calculus of variations, our approach does not follow the standard one first introduced by Alt and Caffarelli in 1981. Instead, the nonlocal nature of the distributional measure associated to a minimizer necessitates arguments that are less reliant on the underlying PDE. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy versus compassion‐focused therapy for chronic illness
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio A. , Skvarc David , Barbosa Rosa , Tavares Tito , Santos Diana , Trindade Inês A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiterature suggests that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is effective in improving well‐being and in reducing psychopathological symptoms commonly experienced by people with chronic illness (CI). Compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) reduces psychological distress, especially in individuals with high levels of shame and self‐criticism, but few studies have explored CFT in CI. Additionally, studies almost exclusively compared ACT and CFT with inactive controls (wait‐list; treatment as usual). Also, there is an interest in developing cost‐effective mental health solutions, such as low‐intensity online psychological interventions. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the acceptability and compare the efficacy of four‐session online ACT (n = 25) and CFT (n = 24) interventions in a sample of people with CI. Results showed both interventions were acceptable, with attrition rates at post‐intervention comparable to those found in similar studies (around 50%). Intention‐to‐treat analyses showed that participants presented significantly less illness‐related shame, less uncompassionate self‐responding and more valued living after the intervention, although no difference was found between conditions. Results were sustained at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up. Results did not find statistical differences between conditions through reliable change index (RCI). Correlation between demographics and RCI showed that, at post‐intervention, younger participants presented more behavioural awareness, men presented more valued action, and participants with CI for shorter periods presented less uncompassionate self‐responding and less anxiety. Results suggest that low‐intensity (four sessions) online ACT and CFT are cost‐effective approaches to promote mental health of individuals with CI. Results and limitations are thoroughly discussed.