bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Root Extract During Pregnancy: A Clinical Feasibility Study
Authors: Laekeman Gert Maria , Van Calsteren Kristel , Devlieger Roland , Sarafanova Ekaterina , Van Limbeek Jonice , Dierckxsens Yvan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere is almost no experience with concentrated ginger extracts during pregnancy. The purpose of this trial was to include 50 pregnant women in a clinical feasibility study with EXT.GR10, a 10 × concentrated ethanolic extract of ginger root. The primary objective was to detect complications in the mother during pregnancy and malformations or complications in the newborn at delivery. The secondary purpose was to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients. In total, 51 pregnant women were included in this observational study. They could freely use ginger tablets with a maximum of 2 tablets of 50 mg EXT.GR10 a day in case of gastrointestinal discomfort. Tablets were taken by 44 patients. Stillbirth, prematurity, hypertension, and gestational diabetes occurred. There were no serious complications at birth. In the newborn, 4 cases of dysplasia of the hip were seen and 2 minor malformations. There was no relation between events affecting mother and child and the number of
EXT.GR10 tablets taken. About ⅔ of patients appreciated the effects of ginger. This is the first clinical study with the EXT.GR10 extract. Based on this feasibility study, a follow-up clinical trial is planned with a fixed minimum of exposure to EXT.GR10 during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Effects of Homeopathic Preparations of Mercurius corrosivus on the Growth Rate of Moderately Mercury-Stressed Duckweed Lemna gibba L
Authors: Jäger Tim , Würtenberger Sandra , Baumgartner Stephan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background A bioassay with severely mercury-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) had revealed growth-inhibiting effects of homeopathically potentised mercury(II) chloride (Mercurius corrosivus, Merc-c.). We hypothesised that effects of potentised preparations are dependent on the stress level of the organisms used in the bioassay. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the response of duckweed to potentised Merc-c. at a lower stress level.
Methods Duckweed was moderately stressed with 2.5 mg/L mercury(II) chloride for 48 hours. Afterwards plants grew in either Merc-c. (seven different potency levels, 24x–30x) or water controls (unsuccussed or succussed water) for 7 days. Growth rates of the frond (leaf) area were determined using a computerised image-analysis system for day 0–3 and 3–7. Three independent experiments with potentised Merc-c. and three systematic negative control experiments were performed. All experiments were randomised and blinded.
Results Unsuccussed and succussed water did not significantly differ in their effects on duckweed growth rate. The systematic negative control experiments did not yield any significant effects, thus providing evidence for the stability of the experimental system. Data from the two control groups and the seven treatment groups (Merc-c. 24x–30x) were each pooled to increase statistical power. Duckweed growth rates for day 3–7 were enhanced (p < 0.05) after application of Merc-c. compared with the controls. Growth rates for day 0–3 were not influenced by the homeopathic preparations.
Conclusions Moderately mercury-stressed Lemna gibba L. yielded evidence of growth-enhancing specific effects of Merc-c. 24x–30x in the second observation period (day 3–7). This observation is complementary to previous experiments with severely mercury-stressed duckweed, in which a decrease in growth was observed in the first observation period (day 0–3). We hypothesise that the differing results are associated with the level of stress intensity (moderate vs. severe).
Cribriform Appearance of White Matter in Canavan Disease Associated with Novel Mutations of ASPA Gene
Authors: Bhat Maya Dattatraya , Manjunath Netravathi , Kumari Renu , Faruq Mohammed , Pal Pramod Kumar , Prasad Chandrajit , Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary , Nalini Atchayaram , Udupi Gautham Arunachal , Baishya Priyanka Priyadarshini , Kulanthaivelu Karthik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCribriform appearance of the brain in Canavan disease is a rare finding. The two presented cases broaden the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phenotype wherein numerous oval, cystic structures, a few resembling dilated Virchow-Robin (VR) spaces, were noted in the centrum semiovale, periventricular, and lobar white matter producing a cribriform pattern. Besides, discrete round to oval cysts were present at the gray–white matter junctions in the second case, which were larger and appeared morphologically distinct from the VR spaces. These cysts did not elongate in any plane on imaging and were more representative of giant intramyelinic vacuoles. Genetic analysis revealed novel mutations in the aspartoacylase or ASPA gene that possibly accounts for the severe form of Canavan disease, which probably explains the imaging findings. The multicystic appearance of the white matter in Canavan disease is unusual and possibly represents two different histopathological substrates.
Establishing a Lymphatic Venous Anastomotic Training Model in Pig Trotters
Authors: Kato Motoi , Kurita Masakazu , Mito Daisuke , Nakamura Runa , Li Kexin , Yamashita Shuji , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for lymphedema. To obtain the best outcomes, surgeons should be well trained. A recent study introduced an LVA training model using pig trotters for their utility and structural similarity to human tissues. However, details regarding the utilization of anastomosis models, such as feasible points for training based on vessel anatomy, have not been clarified. Therefore, we assessed the anatomical details of lymphatic vessels and veins of trotters to establish a practical training model of LVA.
Methods Ten frozen trotters were used. After thawing at room temperature, indocyanine green fluorescent lymphography was used to visualize the lymphatic course. To dissect the lymphatic vessels and veins from the distal to the proximal end, whole skins were detached thoroughly from the plantar side. Data from the lymphatic vessels and veins were collected based on their courses, diameters, and layouts to clarify adjacent points feasible for LVA training.
Results Both lymphatic vessels and veins were classified into four major courses: dorsal, medial, lateral, and plantar. The majority were dorsal vessels, both lymphatic vessels and veins. The adjacent points were always found in the distal dorsum center and were especially concentrated between the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint and central interphalangeal crease, followed by the medial and lateral sides.
Conclusion The most relevant point for LVA surgical training in the trotter was the dorsal center distal to the MP joint, where parallel vessels of similar sizes were found in all cases. This practical LVA surgical model would improve surgeon skills in not only anastomosis but also preoperative fluorescent lymphography.
Combined Muscle Biopsy and Comprehensive Electrophysiology in General Anesthesia is Valuable in Diagnosis of Neuromuscular Disease in Children
Authors: Hoei-Hansen Christina E. , Tygesen Marie L. B. , Dunø Morten , Vissing John , Ballegaard Martin , Born Alfred P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim The diagnostic workup in patients with delayed motor milestones suspected of having either myopathy or a congenital myasthenic syndrome is complex. Our hypothesis was that performance of a muscle biopsy and neurophysiology including stimulated single-fiber electromyography during an anesthetic procedure, combined with genetic testing has a high diagnostic quality.
Materials and Methods Clinical and paraclinical data were retrospectively collected from 24 patients aged from 1 month to 10 years (median: 5.2 years).
Results Neurophysiology examination was performed in all patients and was abnormal in 11 of 24. No patients had findings suggestive of a myasthenic syndrome. Muscle biopsy was performed in 21 of 24 and was normal in 16. Diagnostic findings included nemaline rods, inclusion bodies, fiber size variability, and type-II fiber atrophy. Genetic testing with either a gene panel or exome sequencing was performed in 18 of 24 patients, with pathogenic variants detected in ACTA1, NEB, SELENON, GRIN2B, SCN8A, and COMP genes.
Conclusion Results supporting a neuromuscular abnormality were found in 15 of 24. In six patients (25%), we confirmed a genetic diagnosis and 12 had a clinical neuromuscular diagnosis. The study suggests that combined use of neurophysiology and muscle biopsy in cases where genetic testing does not provide a diagnosis can be useful in children with delayed motor milestones and clinical evidence of a neuromuscular disease.
Progesterone receptor isoform B regulates theOxtr-Plcl2-Trpc3pathway to suppress uterine contractility
Authors: Peavey Mary C. , Wu San-Pin , Li Rong , Liu Jian , Emery Olivia M. , Wang Tianyuan , Zhou Lecong , Wetendorf Margeaux , Yallampalli Chandra , Gibbons William E. , Lydon John P. , DeMayo Francesco J. 
Published: March 2021

SignificancePreterm birth affects 10 to 12% of all pregnancies and is the primary cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, while prolonged labor increases the risks of infection, uterine rupture, and neonatal distress. Progesterone suppresses uterine contractions. As humans maintain high levels of progesterone throughout parturition, a “functional progesterone withdrawal” hypothesis suggests that switching between myometrial PGR-A and PGR-B isoform activities is crucial for transitioning into the parturition mode. Our mouse models provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. These findings also demonstrate a significant difference in downstream transcriptomic landscapes between the two PGR isoforms. Therefore, this work opens a venue to investigate the PGR isoform interacting signaling for parturition control, providing a possible pathway for developing clinical therapies.
Saving versus deleting thoughts affects focal and lateral attitude change (Guardar vs. eliminar los pensamientos influye en los cambios actitudinales focales y laterals)
Authors: Bohner Gerd , Boege Ronja M. J. , Glaser Tina , Klempel Lea , Linne Roman 
Published: March 2021

Thought handling may affect the subsequent use of thoughts in evaluative judgements. Thus, a person’s attitudes are more influenced by thoughts about the attitude object when the person has saved (versus deleted) a representation of these thoughts. We examined if thought handling would affect not only focal attitude change but also lateral attitude change. Students ( N = 200) listed positive thoughts about a focal object and later either saved or deleted a representation of their thoughts. Then their explicit and implicit attitudes towards the focal object, a lateral (= related) object and an unrelated object were assessed. Results showed that explicit focal attitudes were affected more by thoughts in the save conditions than in the delete conditions. These effects generalized to explicit lateral attitudes but not to explicit unrelated attitudes. Thought (handling) effects on implicit attitudes were generally weak. We discuss the results in terms of a self-validation approach and the lateral attitude change model.
Equations to Prescribe Bicycle Saddle Height based on Desired Joint Kinematics and Bicycle Geometry
Authors: Gatti Anthony A. , Keir Peter J. , Noseworthy Michael D. , Beauchamp Marla K. , Maly Monica R. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTOveruse knee injuries are common in bicycling and are often attributed to poor bicycle‐fit. Bicycle‐fit for knee health focuses on setting saddle height to elicit a minimum knee flexion angle of 25‐40°. Equations to predict saddle height include a single input, resulting in a likely suboptimal bicycle‐fit. The purpose of this work was to develop an equation to predict saddle height from anthropometrics, bicycle geometry, and user‐defined joint kinematics.Methods: Forty healthy adults (17 women, 23 men; mean (SD): 28.6 (7.2) years; 24.2 (2.6) kg/m2) participated. Kinematic analyses were conducted for 18 three‐minute bicycling bouts including all combinations of 3 horizontal and 3 vertical saddle positions, and 2 crank arm lengths. For both minimum and maximum knee flexion, predictors were identified using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and final models were fit using linear regression. Secondary analyses determined if saddle height equations were sex dependent.Results: The equation to predict saddle position from minimum knee flexion angle (R2=0.97; root mean squared error (RMSE) = 1.15 cm) was: Saddle height (cm) = 7.41 + 0.82(inseam cm) – 0.1(minimum knee flexion °) + 0.003(inseam cm)(seat tube angle °). The maximum knee flexion equation (R2=0.97; RMSE=1.15 cm) was: Saddle height (cm) = 41.63 + 0.78(inseam cm) – 0.25(maximum knee flexion °) + 0.002(inseam cm)(seat tube angle °). The saddle height equations were not dependent on sex.Conclusions: These equations provide a novel, practical strategy for bicycle‐fit that accounts for rider anthropometrics, bicycle geometry and user‐defined kinematics.Highlights
This work developed simple equations to prescribed bicycle saddle height that elicits desired knee kinematics.
Separate equations are presented for prescribing minimum or maximum knee flexion angle.
Equations can be generalized to riders of both sexes, and a breadth of anthropometrics and ages.
Ultrafast laser in fabrication of micro hemispherical resonators with quality factor over millions
Authors: Shi Yan , Lu Kun , Li Bin , Chen Yimo , Xi Xiang , Wu Yulie , Wu Xuezhong , Xiao Dingbang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fused silica (FS) micro hemispherical resonators have attracted considerable interest for application in high-performance sensors. Manufacturing of resonators with extremely high quality factor and acceptable cost is currently the main challenge. Here, we demonstrate the application of ultrafast laser in manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) FS micro hemispherical resonators with unrestricted edge shapes. The 3D FS structures fabricated from micro glassblowing are detached from substrates by direct laser ablation with amplification tines, which is useful for improving the performance of the resonators. Resonators fabricated from direct laser ablation are experimentally characterized, exhibiting quality factors over millions via electrostatically characterization. This is the first time that ultrafast lasers are exploited in the manufacturing of mechanical resonators, while obtaining satisfactory performance. Effective integration of the laser ablation into current devices will greatly improve the fabrication ability, generating important implications for future micro electronic devices.
Micromagnetic study for optimum performance of isotropic Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite bulk magnets
Authors: Kim C S , Ding S L , O Y J , Zha L , Yun C , Yang W Y , Han J Z , Liu S Q , Du H L , Wang C S , Yang J B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The nanocomposite magnets attract great interest in the study of high-performance magnets. Here, the micromagnetic simulations have been performed to investigate the effects of various microstructural factors such as grain geometry, grain size, and volume fraction on the performance of a soft-in-hard-matrix nanostructured Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe isotropic magnet. It is found that there is very little dependence of remanence on the geometry of the soft phase. The coercivity decreases with increasing the soft grain size, whereas it has a variation tendency depending on the size of hard grain size. In contrast to a significant role of soft-sphere geometry in anisotropic nanocomposites (Skomski et al 2013 IEEE Trans. Magn. 49 3215), the energy product of the soft-sphere system simulated here is slightly increased (

⩽

8 kJ m−3), compared with that of the soft-cylinder system. In the meantime, a significant enhancement in energy product with increasing the soft grain size is observed only when the hard grain size is less than 15 nm. Our simulation predicts the highest energy product of 347 kJ m−3 with a hard grain size of 5 nm and a soft-sphere size of 12.4 nm (30 vol% of the soft phase). It is shown that the effective magnetocrystalline anisotropy is responsible for the variation in coercivity, based on its quantitative evaluation for the soft-sphere system.
Effective impedance of two-dimensional metal with retardation effect
Authors: Ukhtary M. Shoufie , Saito Riichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Optical absorption with retardation effect is discussed for two-dimensional (2D) metal. The absorption is given by the induced Joule heat in the metal and it is proportional to Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 in which σ and ɛ denote conductivity and dielectric function, respectively. Here, we investigate the effective impedance in both retarded and non-retarded regions of surface plasmon by discussing the response of the current density to the electric fields. The absorption formula Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 is compared with the formula Re(σ/ɛ) that is commonly used for the absorption in carbon nanotube. We show that Re(σ/ɛ) is equal to Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 only in the non-retarded region. The physical reason for Re(σ/ɛ) ≠ Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 in the retarded region is that the induced current density is not out-of-phase with the induced electric field, which is explained by the effective impedance for both regions. The opposite response of the current to the induced electric field distinguishes the retarded and non-retarded regions. The calculated optical absorption spectra by Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 reproduce the absorption spectra by solving the Maxwell equation as a function of the angular frequency of light or incident angle relative to the 2D surface, which makes Re(σ)/|ɛ|2 a general representation of absorption.
Next-generation ingestible devices: sensing, locomotion and navigation
Authors: Alsunaydih Fahad N , Yuce Mehmet R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is significant interest in exploring the human body’s internal activities and measuring important parameters to understand, treat and diagnose the digestive system environment and related diseases. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is widely used for gastrointestinal (GI) tract exploration due to its effectiveness as it provides no pain and is totally tolerated by the patient. Current ingestible sensing technology provides a valuable diagnostic tool to establish a platform for monitoring the physiological and biological activities inside the human body. It is also used for visualizing the GI tract to observe abnormalities by recording the internal cavity while moving. However, the capsule endoscopy is still passive, and there is no successful locomotion method to control its mobility through the whole GI tract. Drug delivery, localization of abnormalities, cost reduction and time consumption are improvements that can be gained from having active ingestible WCEs. In this article, the current technological developments of ingestible devices including sensing, locomotion and navigation are discussed and compared. The main features required to implement next-generation active WCEs are explored. The methods are evaluated in terms of the most important features such as safety, velocity, complexity of design, control, and power consumption.
Interpretation of the Galactic gamma-ray excess with the dark matter indicated by 8Be and 4He anomalous transitions *
Authors: Jia Lian-Bao , Li Tong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The long-standing Galactic center gamma-ray excess could be explained by GeV dark matter (DM) annihilation, but the DM interpretation seems to conflict with recent joint limits from different astronomical scale observations such as dwarf spheroidal galaxies, the Milky Way halo, and galaxy groups/clusters. Motivated by 8Be and 4He anomalous transitions with possible new interactions mediated by a vector boson X, we consider a small fraction of DM mainly annihilating into a pair of on-shell vector bosons

followed by

in this paper. The Galactic center gamma-ray excess is explained by this DM cascade annihilation. The gamma rays are mainly from inverse Compton scattering emission, and the DM cascade annihilation could be compatible with joint astrophysical limits and meanwhile be allowed by AMS-02 positron observation. The direct detection of this model is also discussed.
Main Results of the 27th International Conference on Vacuum Technique and Technology (VTT2020)
Authors: Kostrin D K , Martsinukov S A , Potrakhov N N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this preface the main results of the 27th International Conference on Vacuum Technique and Technology (VTT2020) that was held on 27–29 October 2020 in Saint Petersburg, Russia are discussed.
From 27 to 29 October 2020, the 27th International Conference on Vacuum Technique and Technology was held in the virtual form at the Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”. The Conference was organized by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI” named after V I Ulyanov (Lenin), All-Russian Research Institute of Metrology named after D I Mendeleev, Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Scientific and Technical Vacuum Society named after Academician S A Vekshinskiy, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Euro-Asian Cooperation of National Metrology Institutes (COOMET), National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME, Turkey).
List of Images, Organizing Committee, Program Committee, Members, are available in this pdf.
Calculation and design of a technological module for formation of island thin films and nanostructures in vacuum
Authors: Isaeva A A , Andreasyan O G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The application areas of island thin films are considered, and the relevance of their application is presented. The choice of the method for formation island thin films and nanostructures is justified. A design of the thermal evaporation module is proposed and its documentation is developed. The use of it will allow to form continuous and island coatings. Variants for placing the module in the laboratory equipment - MVTU-11-1MS are considered. The analysis of the evaporator configurations was carried out and the type of evaporator – «tape» evaporator, was selected. The necessary calculations are presented: evaporator resistance (2,31 mOm) and thermal calculation (1200 K, 20), – this contributed the design of the module and the materials selection of its components.
Magnetron with sandwich target for solid composite film deposition Mo
x
Cr1–x
N
Authors: Kozin A A , Shapovalov V I , Shestakov D S , Rudakov A V , Shabalin A E , Pavlov V A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a technological magnetron equipped with a sandwich target designed for the synthesis of Mo
x
Cr1–x
N composite films with a continuous change in the stoichiometric coefficient x, which provides a smooth change in hardness. In this paper, the relationship between the stoichiometric coefficient x and the geometric factor equal to the relative total area of the slots in the external target is established. It is established that the proposed magnetron with a sandwich target makes it possible to synthesize Mo
x
Cr1–x
N solid composite films with a continuous change in the stoichiometric coefficient x, which provides a smooth change in the hardness from 18 to 33 GPA. In this case, the stoichiometric coefficient can be controlled in the range 0 < x < 0.3, varying the area of the slots in the range 0 < α < 0.5 for the specified values of the discharge current density and nitrogen consumption.