bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Photophysics and Photochemistry of Melanin‐ Like Nanomaterials Depend on Morphology and Structure
Authors: Mavridi‐Printezi Alexandra , Menichetti Arianna , Guernelli Moreno , Montalti Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMelanin‐like nanomaterials have found application in a large variety of high economic and social impact fields as medicine, energy conversion and storage, photothermal catalysis and environmental remediation. These materials have been used mostly for their optical and electronic properties, but also for their high biocompatibility and simplicity and versatility of preparation. Beside this, their chemistry is complex and it yields structures with different molecular weight and composition ranging from oligomers, to polymers as well as nanoparticles (NP). The comprehension of the correlation of the different compositions and morphologies to the optical properties of melanin is still incomplete and challenging, even if it is fundamental also from a technological point of view. In this minireview we focus on scientific papers, mostly recent ones, that indeed examine the link between composition and structural feature and photophysical and photochemical properties proposing this approach as a general one for future research.
Novel van der Waals Deep‐UV Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) deep‐UV (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal is an important material system recently developed. Herein, we review its concept and original intention, and then summarized the discovery process of related materials, including the role of A‐site cations and the resulting two‐/one‐dimensional vdW DUV NLO systems. Finally, we evaluate the practical DUV NLO performance and prospected the opportunities and challenges.
Morphology‐Dependent Peroxidase Mimicking Enzyme Activity of Copper Metal‐Organic Polyhedra Assemblies
Authors: Liu Yanxiong , Wang Baoru , Bian Longchun , Qin Yu , Wang Chunqiong , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe morphology of nanomaterials (geometric shape and dimension) play a significant role in its various physical and chemical properties. Thus, it is essential to link morphology with performance in specific applications. For this purpose, the morphology of copper metal–organic polyhedra (Cu‐MOP) can be modulated through distinct assembly process, which facilitates the exploration of the relationship between morphology and catalytic performance. In this work, the assemblies of Cu‐MOP with three different morphologies (nanorods, nanofibers and nanosheets) were facilely prepared by the variation of solvent mixture of N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol, revealed the important role of the interaction between the surface group and the solvent on the morphology of these assemblies. Cu‐MOP nanofibers exhibited the highest mimetic peroxidase enzyme activity over the Cu‐MOP nanosheets and nanorods, which have been utilized in the detection of glucose. Cu‐MOPs assemblies with tunable morphology accompanied with adjustable mimic peroxidase activity, had great potential applications in the field of bioanalytical chemistry and biomedicals.
Ni‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydroarylation of 1‐Aryl‐1,3‐Butadienes with Aryl Halides
Authors: Wang Chengdong , Guo Yingjie , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient nickel‐catalyzed regioselective hydroarylation of 1,3‐dienes with aryl halides and a silane has been developed, affording a range of allylic arenes in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. This method exhibits broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. Late‐stage modification of complex architectures was demonstrated.
Efficient anomaly detection from medical signals and images with convolutional neural networks for Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems
Authors: Khalil Ali A. , E. Ibrahim Fatma , Abbass Mohamed Y. , Haggag Nehad , Mahrous Yasser , Sedik Ahmed , Elsherbeeny Zeinab , Khalaf Ashraf A. M. , Rihan Mohamad , El‐Shafai Walid , El‐Banby Ghada M. , Soltan Eman , Soliman Naglaa F. , Algarni Abeer D. , Al‐Hanafy Waleed , El‐Fishawy Adel S. , El‐Rabaie El‐Sayed M. , Al‐Nuaimy Waleed , Dessouky Moawad I. , Saleeb Adel A. , Messiha Nagy W. , El‐Dokany Ibrahim M. , El‐Bendary Mohsen A. M. , Abd El‐Samie Fathi E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques that revolutionalized the artificial intelligence field. The known traditional and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been utilized in medical pattern recognition applications that depend on deep learning concepts. This is attributed to the importance of anomaly detection (AD) in automatic diagnosis systems. In this paper, the AD is performed on medical electroencephalography (EEG) signal spectrograms and medical corneal images for Internet of medical things (IoMT) systems. Deep learning based on the CNN models is employed for this task with training and testing phases. Each input image passes through a series of convolution layers with different kernel filters. For the classification task, pooling and fully‐connected layers are utilized. Computer simulation experiments reveal the success and superiority of the proposed models for automated medical diagnosis in IoMT systems.
Black, white, and grays: Are they colors, absence of color or the sum of all colors?
Authors: Caivano José Luis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSometimes it is said that white is not a color but “the sum of all colors.” Surely this confusion comes from considering colors only those that appear in the spectrum. If these were the only colors, then magenta would neither be a color, nor do brown and other colors that do not have a specific wavelength, but are produced by a mixture of different wavelengths. Contradictorily, white often appears as “the absence of color.” When pigments are used on canvas or paper, white is the surface that remains unpigmented, unpainted, “uncoloured.” The same confusion often occurs with regard to black. Black is said to be “the sum of all colors” when a blackish stain is obtained from the mixture of various pigments. And black is said to be the “absence of color” when all light radiation is removed. The aim of this article is to argue that black and white are also colors, and so are grays. Because color is a visual sensation (product of the interaction of luminous radiation with pigmented objects and observers). “Pigment” and “color” are not synonymous; “light radiation” and “color” are not synonymous either. And just as we have red, green, blue, or yellow visual sensations, we also have visual sensations of white, black, or gray. This argument is supported by a survey where lay people and experts are asked about this issue, and by a bibliographical research that looks into texts and color order systems developed by theorists since the ancient times to nowadays.
Combinatorial liposomal peptide vaccine induces IgA and confers protection against influenza virus and bacterial super‐infection
Authors: Zaman Mehfuz , Huber Victor C , Heiden Dustin L , DeHaan Katerina N , Chandra Sanyogita , Erickson Demi , Ozberk Victoria , Pandey Manisha , Bailly Benjamin , Martin Gael , Langshaw Emma L , Zaid Ali , von Itzstein Mark , Good Michael F 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe upper respiratory tract is the major entry site for Streptococcus pyogenes and influenza virus. Vaccine strategies that activate mucosal immunity could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality because of these pathogens. The severity of influenza is significantly greater if a streptococcal infection occurs during the viraemic period and generally viral infections complicated by a subsequent bacterial infection are known as super‐infections. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy against influenza virus:S. pyogenes super‐infection. Moreover, we provide the first description of a liposomal multi‐pathogen‐based platform that enables the incorporation of both viral and bacterial antigens into a vaccine and constitutes a transformative development.MethodsSpecifically, we have explored a vaccination strategy with biocompatible liposomes that express conserved streptococcal and influenza A virus B‐cell epitopes on their surface and contain encapsulated diphtheria toxoid as a source of T‐cell help. The vaccine is adjuvanted by inclusion of the synthetic analogue of monophosphoryl lipid A, 3D‐PHAD.ResultsWe observe that this vaccine construct induces an Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in both mice and ferrets. Vaccination reduces viral load in ferrets from influenza challenge and protects mice from both pathogens. Notably, vaccination significantly reduces both mortality and morbidity associated with a super‐infection.ConclusionThe vaccine design is modular and could be adapted to include B‐cell epitopes from other mucosal pathogens where an IgA response is required for protection.
Organ‐on‐a‐chip: Determine feasibility of a human liver microphysiological model to assess long‐term steroid metabolites in sports drug testing
Authors: Görgens Christian , Ramme Anja Patricia , Guddat Sven , Schrader Yvonne , Winter Annika , Dehne Eva‐Maria , Horland Reyk , Thevis Mario 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA fundamental challenge in preventive doping research is the study of metabolic pathways of substances banned in sport. However, the pharmacological predictions obtained by conventional in vitro or in vivo animal studies are occasionally of limited transferability to humans according to an inability of in vitro models to mimic higher order system physiology or due to various species‐specific differences using animal models. A more recently established technology for simulating human physiology is the “organ‐on‐a‐chip” principle. In a multichannel microfluidic cell culture chip, 3‐dimensional tissue spheroids, which can constitute artificial and interconnected microscale organs, imitate principles of the human physiology. The objective of this study was to determine if the technology is suitable to adequately predict metabolic profiles of prohibited substances in sport. As model compounds, the frequently misused anabolic steroids, stanozolol and dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT) were subjected to human liver spheroids in microfluidic cell culture chips. The metabolite patterns produced and circulating in the chip media were then assessed by LC‐HRMS/(MS) at different time points of up to 14 days of incubation at 37°C. The overall profile of observed glucurono‐conjugated stanozolol metabolites excellently matched the commonly found urinary pattern of metabolites, including 3′OH‐stanozolol‐glucuronide and stanozolol‐N‐glucuronides. Similarly, but to a lower extent, the DHCMT metabolic profile was in agreement with phase‐I and phase‐II biotransformation products regularly seen in postadministration urine specimens. In conclusion, this pilot study indicates that the “organ‐on‐a‐chip” technology provides a high degree of conformity with traditional human oral administration studies, providing a promising approach for metabolic profiling in sports drug testing.
Network robustness and structure depend on the phenological characteristics of plants and pollinators
Authors: Guzman Laura Melissa , Chamberlain Scott A. , Elle Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany structural patterns have been found to be important for the stability and robustness of mutualistic plant–pollinator networks. These structural patterns are impacted by a suite of variables, including species traits, species abundances, their spatial configuration, and their phylogenetic history. Here, we consider a specific trait: phenology, or the timing of life history events. We expect that timing and duration of activity of pollinators, or of flowering in plants, could greatly affect the species' roles within networks in which they are embedded. Using plant–pollinator networks from 33 sites in southern British Columbia, Canada, we asked (a) how phenological species traits, specifically timing of first appearance in the network and duration of activity in a network, were related to species' roles within a network, and (b) how those traits affected network robustness to phenologically biased species loss. We found that long duration of activity increased connection within modules for both pollinators and plants and among modules for plants. We also found that date of first appearance was positively related to interaction strength asymmetry in plants but negatively related to pollinators. Networks were generally more robust to the loss of pollinators than plants, and robustness increased if the models allow new interactions to form when old ones are lost, constrained by overlapping phenology of plants and pollinators. Robustness declined with the loss of late‐flowering plants, which tended to have higher interaction strength asymmetry. In addition, robustness declined with loss of early‐flying or long‐duration pollinators. These pollinators tended to be among‐module connectors. Our results point to networks being limited by early‐flying pollinators. If plants flower earlier due to climate change, plant fitness may decline as they will depend on early emerging pollinators, unless pollinators also emerge earlier.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction after left‐sided valve surgery: prevalent and relevant
Authors: Kammerlander Andreas A. , Nitsche Christian , Donà Carolina , Koschutnik Matthias , Dannenberg Varius , Mascherbauer Katharina , Schönbauer Robert , Zafar Amna , Winter Max‐Paul , Bartko Philipp E. , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Mascherbauer Julia 
Published: September 2021

AimsTo investigate the epidemiological and prognostic relationship between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and left‐sided valve surgery using all‐cause mortality as a primary endpoint.Methods and resultsWe studied a total of 973 patients, of whom 673 had undergone left‐sided valve surgery (time from surgery to enrolment 50 ± 30 months after valve surgery) and 300 patients with HFpEF without prior surgery served as control group. Among patients after surgery, 67.4% fulfilled all criteria of HFpEF according to current guideline recommendations, 20.6% had no heart failure (HF), and 12.0% had HF with mid‐range or reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFrEF). During 83 ± 39 months of follow‐up, a total of 335 (34.4%) patients died. Compared to surgical patients with no subsequent HF, patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF/HFrEF after surgery showed significantly higher all‐cause mortality rates [hazard ratio (HR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–2.57, P = 0.001; and HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.16–2.98, P = 0.010, respectively]. This increased mortality rate was similar to the control HFpEF group without surgery (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.38–3.02, P < 0.001). Results remained consistent after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors and when using the established HFA‐PEFF risk score for HFpEF diagnosis. Notably, only 12.5% of HFpEF patients after surgery were diagnosed with HF despite regular follow‐up visits by board‐certified cardiologists. In contrast, 92.1% of HFmrEF/HFrEF patients after surgery were diagnosed correctly.ConclusionsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction following left‐sided valve surgery is highly prevalent, associated with unfavourable outcomes, but rarely recognized.
Angling for Ideas in Science Communication to Hosting a Photo-essay Workshop for Teens: Implementing the Winning Idea from Wiley Publishing's First Impact-a-thon
Authors: DeFilippi Simpson Julie , Glaser Sarah M , Murchie Karen J , Shirey Patrick D 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present a pilot curriculum for engaging high school students in photojournalism, combining a field trip and a photo essay that can be expanded by fisheries professionals for their own education and outreach efforts, whether in conjunction with annual meetings or stand-alone events. At the 2018 American Fisheries Society Annual Meeting in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the leadership of the Science Communication Section and Resource Policy Committee presented a training session focused on scientific communication tools for fisheries professionals that could be learned quickly, practiced during the session, and applied after the conference. Wiley Publishing sponsored the continuing education session (August 19, 2018), because it met the outreach goals of Wiley and AFS, and fit the theme of the conference, “Communicating the Science of Fisheries Conservation to Diverse Audiences.” The training session was divided into two parts: an active learning session about public messaging and a team competition for a US$7,500 award to execute a science communication idea to benefit fisheries science. Our winning idea from the team competition was to design a workshop for teens that included photography to explore aquatic environments and learn about the work of fisheries professionals, which was held on July 16, 2019 at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago. The students, with assistance from Shedd Aquarium staff, completed photo essays as teams or individuals. The winning photo essays are published at the end of this article.
The sensory and flavor characteristics of Shaoxing Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) were significantly influenced by micro‐oxygen and electric field
Authors: Shen Chi , Zhu Hongyi , Zhu Wenxia , Zhu Yimeng , Peng Qi , Elsheery Nabil I. , Fu Jianwei , Xie Guangfa , Zheng Huajun , Han Jiongping , Hu Baowei , Sun Jianqiu , Wu Peng , Fan Yuyan , Girma Dula Bealu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the high cost of equipment and difficult management caused by the natural aging of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu), micro‐oxygen (MO) and electric field (PEF) technology are used to accelerate the aging of Huangjiu. The results showed that micro‐oxygen and electric field have a significant effect on the sensory characteristics and flavor characteristics of Huangjiu. Compared with the naturally aged Huangjiu, the flavor compounds of Huangjiu treated with micro‐oxygen and electric field increase significantly. Based on principal component analysis, Huangjiu processed at 0.35 mg L/day or 0.5 mg L/day combined electric field exhibited similar flavor to the natural aged Huangjiu, which was highly associated with long‐chain fatty acid ethyl esters (C13–C18). Moreover, partial least squares regression demonstrated that sensory attributes of cereal aroma and astringency were highlighted after aging time, while fruit aroma, continuation, and full body were dominant after micro‐oxygen and electric field treatment. Micro‐oxygen and electric field effectively enhanced the quality of Huangjiu, which could be applied in other alcoholic beverages.
Isotope hydrology and water sources in a heavily urbanized stream
Authors: Marx Christian , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Hinkelmann Reinhard , Soulsby Chris 
Published: September 2021

AbstractComplex networks of both natural and engineered flow paths control the hydrology of streams in major cities through spatio‐temporal variations in connection and disconnection of diverse water sources. We used spatially extensive and temporally intensive sampling of water stable isotopes to disentangle the hydrological sources of the heavily urbanized Panke catchment (~220 km2) in the north of Berlin, Germany. The isotopic data enabled us to partition stream water sources across the catchment using a Bayesian mixing analysis. The upper part of the catchment streamflow is dominated by groundwater (~75%) from gravel aquifers. In dry summer periods, streamflow becomes intermittent in the upper catchment, possibly as a result of local groundwater abstractions. Storm drainage dominates the responses to precipitation events. Although such events can dramatically change the isotopic composition of the upper stream network, storm drainage only accounts for 10%–15% of annual streamflow. Moving downstream, subtle changes in sources and isotope signatures occur as catchment characteristics vary and the stream is affected by different tributaries. However, effluents from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), serving 700,000 people, dominate stream flow in the lower catchment (~90% of annual runoff) where urbanization effects are more dramatic. The associated increase in sealed surfaces downstream also reduces the relative contribution of groundwater to streamflow. The volume and isotopic composition of storm runoff is again dominated by urban drainage, though in the lower catchment, still only about 10% of annual runoff comes from storm drains. The study shows the potential of stable water isotopes as inexpensive tracers in urban catchments that can provide a more integrated understanding of the complex hydrology of major cities. This offers an important evidence base for guiding the plans to develop and re‐develop urban catchments to protect, restore, and enhance their ecological and amenity value.
Prenatal expectations and other psycho‐social factors as risk factors of postnatal bonding disturbance
Authors: Rusanen Erja , Vierikko Elina , Kojo Tiina , Lahikainen Anja Riitta , Pölkki Pirjo , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe mother's bond to her baby starts to develop during pregnancy, and it is related to the baby's attachment. We study how the mother's prenatal expectations of her unborn baby, the mother's adult relationships, and postnatal psycho‐social factors (stress, depression, and anxiety) are related to the risk of bonding disturbance. The study comprised 1398 mothers and their unborn babies assessed both during pregnancy and when the babies were 3 months old (47.7% girls). The mother's risk of bonding disturbance was investigated using Brockington's Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire. According to the results, 71 (5.1%) of all the mothers in the study had a risk of a bonding disturbance. In a final adjusted logistic regression model, the most important risk factors were the mother's inability to form positive expectations about relationships with the baby during the third trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 7.78, p ≤ .001), maternal postnatal stress (AOR = 4.95, p ≤ .001) and maternal postnatal depression (AOR = 3.46, p ≤ .01). The results challenge healthcare professionals to screen pregnant mothers to identify at‐risk groups for post‐partum bonding disturbances. Intervention programs to prevent the development of bonding disturbances, and thus their possible serious consequences for children's development, should be considered.
How to investigate a stillbirth on farm
Authors: Geraghty Tim , Mee John , Murphy Alan , Orr Jayne 
Published: September 2021

Background: Bovine stillbirth is a common presentation in farm practice, but its investigation is complex and so a structured approach is recommended to aid diagnosis. This, in turn, will help practitioners to provide targeted advice to farmers, with the aim of reducing incidence in the future.Aim of the article: This article outlines a structured approach to follow when investigating stillbirth cases that can lead to a firm evidence base for giving the best advice on farm.
Antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in a patient with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome and unapparent preexcitation: A case report
Authors: Enzan Ayano , Takenaka Sou , Ueno Akihiko , Sakakibara Masayoshi , Koyama Terumasa , Uemura Shiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis is a case of antidromic AVRT in a patient with unapparent preexcitation, and we could successfully diagnose and treat with the careful interpretation of wide QRS tachycardia. We should keep in mind that differentiation between intermittent and unapparent preexcitation is difficult, and some patients with unapparent preexcitation have short refractory periods of those accessory pathways, leading to sudden death.