bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing long-acting reversible contraception access, bias, and coercion: supporting adolescent and young adult reproductive autonomy
Authors: Bryson Amanda , Koyama Atsuko , Hassan Areej 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is comprised of highly effective methods (the subdermal implant and intrauterine devices) available to adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Professional medical societies endorse LARC use in AYAs and, more recently, have emphasized the importance of using a reproductive justice framework when providing LARC. This article reviews reproductive justice, discusses contraceptive coercion, examines bias, and highlights interventions that promote equitable reproductive healthcare.

Recent findings
Research indicates that both bias and patient characteristics influence provider LARC practices. AYA access to comprehensive LARC services is limited, as counseling, provision, management, and removal are not offered at all sites providing reproductive healthcare to AYAs. Interventions aimed at addressing provider bias and knowledge, clinic policies, confidentiality concerns, insurance reimbursement, and systems of oppression can improve AYA access to equitable, comprehensive contraceptive care. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequities in reproductive healthcare, as well as provided unique innovations to decrease barriers, including telemedicine LARC services.

Summary
Clinicians who care for AYAs should honor reproductive autonomy by approaching contraceptive services with a reproductive justice lens. This includes implementing patient-centered contraceptive counseling, increasing access to LARC, eliminating barriers to LARC removal, and committing to systemic changes to address healthcare inequities.
Primary graft dysfunction
Authors: Criner Rachel N. , Clausen Emily , Cantu Edward 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of review
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a devastating complication in the acute postoperative lung transplant period, associated with high short-term mortality and chronic rejection. We review its definition, pathophysiology, risk factors, prevention, treatment strategies, and future research directions.

Recent findings
New analyses suggest donation after circulatory death and donation after brain death donors have similar PGD rates, whereas donors >55 years are not associated with increased PGD risk. Recipient pretransplant diastolic dysfunction and overweight or obese recipients with predominant abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue have increased PGD risk. Newly identified recipient biomarkers and donor and recipient genes increase PGD risk, but their clinical utility remains unclear. Mixed data still exists regarding cold ischemic time and PGD risk, and increased PGD risk with cardiopulmonary bypass remains confounded by transfusions. Portable ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) may prevent PGD, but its use is limited to a handful of centers. Although updates to current PGD treatment are lacking, future therapies are promising with targeted therapy and the use of EVLP to pharmacologically recondition donor lungs.

Summary
There is significant progress in defining PGD and identifying its several risk factors, but effective prevention and treatment strategies are needed.
Case Report: Double Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segment and Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Bouza-Miguens Carmen , González-López Félix , Álvarez Gema , Gódia Rosa , Gutiérrez Jorge 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
Keratoconus can manifest asymmetrically, affecting binocularity and becoming a refractive problem that is sometimes complex to solve. We propose a therapeutic approach for correction of keratoconus based on parallel implantation of a second intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS).

PURPOSE
This study aimed to improve the refractive status of a patient affected with advanced bilateral keratoconus using implantation of a second ICRS and a phakic intraocular lens.

CASE REPORT
A 44-year-old man came to our clinic requesting a refractive solution for his visual impairment. He had been diagnosed with bilateral severe keratoconus categorized by the Amsler-Krumeich classification scale as grade III (right eye) and grade II (left eye). He had previously undergone corneal cross-linking and implantation of ICRS (Intacs) in both eyes. Significant anisometropia was present between the eyes, and the patient also complained of poor quality of vision. We decided to implant a posterior chamber phakic collamer lens in his right eye and to insert a new ICRS (Keraring) deep and parallel to the previous one in his left eye. We aimed to prevent anisometropia in his right eye and to further regularize the affected cornea in his left eye. Refractive symmetry was achieved, and vision was optimized after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
In a patient with keratoconus, refractive surgery should be performed from a bilateral perspective. Specific cases of keratoconus can be managed by parallel implantation of a second ICRS.
Visual and Ocular Conditions among a Homeless Adult Population of Boston
Authors: Russo Diane , Bass Olivia 
Published: April 2021

SIGNIFICANCE
The eye care needs of the homeless population in the United States are not well known. This study elucidates those needs for health care for the homeless programs and eye care practitioners. This information could result in an increase in the provision of necessary eye care services.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of visual and ocular conditions, the frequency of eyeglass orders and receipt of eyeglasses, and the frequency of ophthalmology referrals and receipt of ophthalmological care in an adult homeless population in Boston.

METHODS
A cross-sectional retrospective chart review was conducted for patients of the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program's Pine Street Inn eye clinic from September 26, 2016, to December 31, 2017. Data on sociodemographics, medical history, comprehensive eye examination findings, glasses orders and receipt, and ophthalmology referrals and receipt of care were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 424 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the study population was 52.7 (interquartile range, 46 to 60), and the majority were male (74%). The most common systemic conditions were hypertension (40.6%) and diabetes (23.8%). The most common refractive error was presbyopia (67.7%), followed by astigmatism (38.9%), hyperopia (34.0%), and myopia (30.7%). The most common ocular conditions were dry eye (28.6%), visually or clinically significant cataract (20%), and glaucoma/glaucoma suspicion (13.9%). Refractive correction was indicated for 356 patients (84%), but 82 (29%) did not receive ordered eyeglasses. Ophthalmology referrals were placed for 61 patients (14.4%), yet only 20 (32.8%) of those referrals were completed.

CONCLUSIONS
A significant need for refractive correction and a large gap for ophthalmological care were found among the study population. Health care for the homeless programs and eye care practitioners should be aware of the visual and ocular needs of this patient population so as to better meet their needs.
Engaging Patients in the Use of Real-Time Electronic Clinical Data to Improve the Safety and Reliability of Their Own Care
Authors: Schnock Kumiko , Roulier Stephanie , Butler Jorie , Dykes Patricia , Fiskio Julie , Gibson Bryan , Lipsitz Stuart , Miller Susanne , Shaykevich Shimon , Bates David , Classen David 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
There is considerable evidence that providing patients with access to their health information is beneficial, but there is limited evidence regarding the effect of providing real-time patient safety–related information on health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between use of an electronic patient safety dashboard (Safety Advisor) and health outcomes.

Methods
The Safety Advisor was implemented in 6 adult medicine units at one hospital in the United States. Study participants were asked to use the Safety Advisor, which provides real-time patient safety–related information through a Web-based portal. The primary outcome was the association between the application usage and health outcomes (readmission rate and mortality rate) per 3 different usage groups, and the secondary outcome was the association of Patient Activation Measure (PAM) scores with use.

Results
One hundred eighty-one participants were included for the data analysis. Approximately 90% of users accessed the application during the first 4 days of enrollment: 51.6% of users only accessed it on 1 day, whereas 5.8% used it more than 3 days. Patients who used the application more had lower 30-day readmission rates (P = 0.01) compared with the lower-usage group. The PAM scores for users of Safety Advisor (71.8) were higher than the nonpatient portal users (60.8, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
We found an association between the use of Safety Advisor and health outcomes. Differences in PAM scores between groups were statistically significant. A larger-scale randomized control trial is warranted to evaluate the impact on patient outcomes among a high-risk patient population.
An Analysis of Judicial Cases Concerning Analgesic-Related Medication Errors in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Yoon Susie , Cho Soo Ick , Shin SuHwan , Lee Wonjong , Ko Youkang , Moon Jee Youn , Lee Ho-Jin 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Analgesic-related medication errors can be a threat to patient safety. This study aimed to identify and describe medication errors that can cause serious adverse drug events (ADEs) related to analgesic use.

Methods
This retrospective, observational, medicolegal study analyzed closed cases concerning complications induced by medication errors involving 3 commonly used analgesics: opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and acetaminophen (AAP). Cases closed between 1994 and 2019 that were available in the Korean Supreme Court judgment database system were included. Medication errors were categorized using a classification system (developed by our group) based on the stage of drug administration. Clinical characteristics and judgment statuses were analyzed.

Results
A total of 71 cases were included in the final analysis (opioids, n = 30; NSAIDs, n = 35; AAP, n = 6). Among them, 43 claims (60.6%) resulted in payments to the plaintiffs, with a median payment of $86,607 (interquartile range, $34,554–$193,782). The severity of ADEs was high (National Association of Insurance Commissioners scale ≥6) in 88.7% (n = 63) of claims, with a total of 44 (62%) deaths. The most common types of ADEs associated with opioid, NSAID, and AAP use were respiratory depression, anaphylactic shock, and fulminant hepatitis, respectively. The most common recognized medication errors associated with opioid, NSAIDs, and AAP were inappropriate patient monitoring (n = 10; 33.3%), improper analgesic choice (n = 15; 42.9%), and inappropriate treatment after ADEs (n = 3; 50%), respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that efforts should be made to reduce medication errors related to analgesic use to prevent permanent injury and potential malpractice claims.
Primary Care Physicians’, Psychiatrists’, and Oncologists’ Coordination While Prescribing Medications for Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: McDaniel Cassidi C. , Chou Chiahung , Camp Christina , Hohmann Natalie S. , Hastings Tessa J. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Farley Joel F. , Domino Marisa Elena , Hansen Richard A. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Coordination of medication prescribing is important in the care of patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) given the involvement of multiple providers and multiple medications used to manage MCC. The objective of this study was to identify physician and practice factors associated with physicians’ coordination of prescribing for complex patients with MCC.

Methods
Our cross-sectional study used a 33-item anonymous, online survey to assess physicians’ coordination practices while prescribing for patients with MCC. We sampled primary care physicians (PCPs), psychiatrists, and oncologists across the United States. Coordination of medication prescribing was measured on a 7-point Likert-type scale. χ2, Fisher exact test, and binomial logistic regression, adjusted for factors and covariates, were used to determine differences in coordination of prescribing. Average marginal effects were calculated for factors.

Results
A total of 50 PCPs, 50 psychiatrists, and 50 oncologists participated. Most psychiatrists (56%) and oncologists (52%) reported frequently coordinating prescribing with other physicians, whereas less than half of the PCPs (42%) reported frequently coordinating prescribing. Female physicians were 25% points more likely to report coordinating prescribing than male physicians (P = 0.0186), and physicians not using electronic medical records were 30% points more likely to report coordinating prescribing than physicians using electronic medical records (P = 0.0230). Four additional factors were associated with lower likelihood of coordinating prescribing.

Conclusions
Physician and practice factors may influence differences in coordination of medication prescribing, despite physician specialty. These factors can provide a foundation for developing interventions to improve coordination of prescribing practices for MCC.
Bedside Clinicians’ Perceptions on the Contributing Role of Diagnostic Errors in Acutely Ill Patient Presentation: A Survey of Academic and Community Practice
Authors: Huang Chanyan , Barwise Amelia , Soleimani Jalal , Dong Yue , Svetlana Herasevich , Khan Syed Anjum , Gavin Anne , Helgeson Scott A. , Moreno-Franco Pablo , Pinevich Yuliya , Kashyap Rahul , Herasevich Vitaly , Gajic Ognjen , Pickering Brian W. 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
This study aimed to explore clinicians’ perceptions of the occurrence of and factors associated with diagnostic errors in patients evaluated during a rapid response team (RRT) activation or unplanned admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
A multicenter prospective survey study was conducted among multiprofessional clinicians involved in the care of patients with RRT activations and/or unplanned ICU admissions (UIAs) at 2 academic hospitals and 1 community-based hospital between April 2019 and March 2020. A study investigator screened eligible patients every day. Within 24 hours of the event, a research coordinator administered the survey to clinicians, who were asked the following: whether diagnostic errors contributed to the reason for RRT/UIA, whether any new diagnosis was made after RRT/UIA, if there were any failures to communicate the diagnosis, and if involvement of specialists earlier would have benefited that patient. Patient clinical data were extracted from the electronic health record.

Results
A total of 1815 patients experienced RRT activations, and 1024 patients experienced UIA. Clinicians reported that 18.2% (95/522) of patients experienced diagnostic errors, 8.0% (42/522) experienced a failure of communication, and 16.7% (87/522) may have benefitted from earlier involvement of specialists. Compared with academic settings, clinicians in the community hospital were less likely to report diagnostic errors (7.0% versus 22.8%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Clinicians report a high rate of diagnostic errors in patients they evaluate during RRT or UIAs.
Utilization of Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System: A Survey of Cardiovascular Imaging Societies
Authors: Whalen Hallie , Hossain Rydhwana , Jeudy Jean , White Charles S. 
Published: April 2021

Objective
This survey was performed to determine the extent of utilization of Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) since its introduction in 2016 among members of cardiovascular imaging societies.

Methods
A survey regarding use of CAD-RADS was distributed to members of North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging and Society for Cardiovascular Computed Tomography.

Results
A total of 246 surveys were completed, and results show that, although most respondents are familiar with CAD-RADS (95%), less than half (45%) report using CAD-RADS for all coronary CTA. Rates of CAD-RADS utilization were similar among physicians who work in a variety of settings. Years of clinical experience did not affect the rates of CAD-RADS utilization; however, a higher weekly volume of cardiac computed tomography was associated with higher rates of CAD-RADS utilization.

Conclusions
Four years after the introduction of CAD-RADS, the reporting system is used by less than half of surveyed members of North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging and Society for Cardiovascular Computed Tomography regardless of practice model and range of practice experience with cardiac computed tomography.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Poroma and Porocarcinoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Masaya , Kato Hiroki , Imada Hiroki , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Matsuyama Kanako , Seishima Mariko , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of poroma and porocarcinoma.

Methods
Six patients (3 male, 3 female; age range, 40–84 years; mean age, 61 years) with histologically confirmed skin appendage tumors with apocrine and eccrine differentiation (2 poromas and 4 porocarcinomas) were enrolled. All patients underwent preoperative MR imaging and the MR images were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
The configurations were classified as pedunculated solid in 5 lesions and subcutaneous cystic with mural nodules in 1. Well-demarcated deep tumor margins and smooth skin surfaces were observed in all 6 lesions, and peritumoral fat stranding was observed in 2. In all 5 pedunculated solid lesions, T2-hyperintense foci, T1 hyperintensity, and homogeneous solid components were observed within the lesions.

Conclusions
Poroma and porocarcinoma usually exhibited pedunculated solid homogeneous lesion. Intratumoral T2-hyperintense foci and T1 hyperintensity were observed in pedunculated solid lesions.
COVID-19: Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging Findings: A Primer for Radiologists
Authors: Palacios Sofía , Schiappacasse Giancarlo , Valdes Rosario , Maldonado Ignacio , Varela Cristian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic presents an ongoing global health threat. The SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause substantial pulmonary disease, and most of the current radiological publications are dedicated to describing and characterizing these findings. However, studies regarding imaging findings in the abdomen and pelvis of infected patients are still very limited. The aim of this review is to discuss the most frequent abdominal manifestations based on the current literature and representative images from our local experience.
RSNA-STR-ACR Consensus Statement for COVID-19 CT Patterns: Interreader Agreement in 240 Consecutive Patients and Association With RT-PCR Status
Authors: Silva Claudio F. , Alegria Julia , Ramos Cristobal , Verdugo Jaime , Diaz Juan-Carlos , Varela Cristian , Barbe Mario 
Published: April 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to study interreader agreement of the RSNA-STR-ACR (Radiological Society of North America/Society of Thoracic Radiology/American College of Radiology) consensus statement on reporting chest computed tomography (CT) findings related to COVID-19 on a sample of consecutive patients confirmed with reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Materials and Methods
This institutional review board–approved retrospective study included 240 cases with a mean age of 47.6 ± 15.9 years, ranging from 20 to 90 years, who had a chest CT and RT-PCR performed. Computed tomography images were independently analyzed by 2 thoracic radiologists to identify patterns defined by the RSNA-STR-ACR consensus statement, and concordance was determined with weighted κ tests. Also, CT findings and CT severity scores were tabulated and compared.

Results
Of the 240 cases, 118 had findings on CT. The most frequent on the RT-PCR–positive group were areas of ground-glass opacities (80.5%), crazy-paving pattern (32.2%), and rounded pseudonodular ground-glass opacities (22.9%). Regarding the CT patterns, the most frequent in the RT-PCR–positive group was typical in 75.9%, followed by negative in 17.1%. The interreader agreement was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.96) in this group. The CT severity score had a mean difference of −0.07 (95% confidence interval, −0.48 to 0.34) among the readers, showing no significant differences regarding visual estimation.

Conclusions
The RSNA-STR-ACR consensus statement on reporting chest CT patterns for COVID-19 presents a high interreader agreement, with the typical pattern being more frequently associated with RT-PCR–positive examinations.
A Rare Case of Metastatic Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Hemangiopericytoma) of the Dura on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Grünig Hannes , Skawran Stephan , Stolzmann Paul , Messerli Michael , Huellner Martin W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. It can arise in various locations, most commonly in the pleura. It encompasses a heterogeneous group of histological patterns with different biological behavior. In some cases, metastases occur, sometimes years after the initial diagnosis. We report a case of metastatic meningeal hemangiopericytoma, also called solitary fibrous tumor of the dura, exhibiting liver metastases and muscle metastases 5 years after resection and adjuvant radiotherapy of the primary tumor.
Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis Secondary to SCLC on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Verçosa Alinne Fernanda Amaral , Mota Isabella Araújo , Flamini Maria Eduarda Duarte de Mello , Flamini Rodrigo de Carvalho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A 67-year-old man with rapidly neurologic deterioration and 15 kg weight loss in 2 months was extensively evaluated by several medical specialties and conventional image examinations, with no diagnostic definition. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed, showing glycolytic hypermetabolism in the hippocampus, cerebral hypometabolism with posterior temporoparietal pattern, multiple cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes, and mediastinal hypermetabolic and enlarged lymph nodes, suggesting paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, Alzheimer dementia, and lymphoma. Lymph node biopsy resulted in small cell lung carcinoma. The patient presented rapid clinical deterioration and died.