bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of water salt composition on oil spill dispersant efficiency determined in laboratory conditions
Authors: Ossipov K. , Panyukova D. I. , Mokochunina T. V. , Trukhina M. V. , Maryutina T. A. 
Published: September 2021

The effect of the salt composition of water (model aqueous solutions of NaCl and artificial sea salt Instant Ocean, as well as water from the Pechora Sea) on the effectiveness of oil spill dispersants determined in laboratory conditions is studied. The efficiency of dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS and Slickgone EW) was evaluated three samples of crude oil produced in the Russian Federation. Those oil samples of different composition and properties were used at fixed values of the dispersant-oil ratio (1:10), water temperature (20 ± 2°C) and salinity (35 ± 2%). It is shown that the effectiveness of the oil spill disper­sant depends on the nature (composition) of water in which the oil is dispersed, other things being the same. An anomalous behavior of one of the oil samples was found when it was dispersed in an aqueous so­ lution of NaCl under the action of Finasol OSR 52 and Slickgone EW Good convergence of the numerical values of the efficiency of dispersants was obtained when testing them in an aqueous solution of artificial sea salt Instant Ocean and in the water of the Pechora Sea. It is noted that to assess the effectiveness of dispersants in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to use water of the natural object in which this disper­sant is planned to be used. Moreover, the possibility of using an aqueous solution of the artificial salt when its salt composition is similar to that for real sea water was noted.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN DAN NILAI TAMBAH AGROINDUSTRI BERBAHAN BAKU JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Azzuli Dila Rahilda , Tajidan Tajidan , Rosmilawati Rosmilawati 
Published: September 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis pendapatan agroindustri berbahan baku jagung dari tahun 2014 – 2018; (2) Menganalisis besarnya nilai tambah agroindustri berbahan baku jagung; (3) Menganalisis perkembangan usaha agroindustri berbahan baku jagung dari tahun 2014 – 2018; (4) Menentukan strategi peningkatan pendapatan dan nilai tambah agroindustri berbahan baku jagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Penentuan lokasi sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan penentuan responden dilakukan secara sensus. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Analisis data yang digunakan diantaranya adalah analisis pendapatan, nilai tambah, perkembangan usaha, dan strategi. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa: (1) Besarnya pendapatan agroindustri berbahan baku jagung per proses produksinya selama 5 tahun terakhir (tahun 2014 – 2018) tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan hidup ( π < USD 1). Pendapatan produk emping jagung lebih besar dibandingkan marning jagung dan tortilla. ; (2) Nilai tambah dari proses pengolahan jagung menjadi tortilla lebih besar dibandingkan dengan emping jagung dan marning jagung. Pengolahan jagung menjadi emping jagung memiliki nilai tambah sebesar Rp 8.124,05/kg atau sebesar 32,31%; marning jagung sebesar Rp 12.295,80/kg atau sebesar 35,86% dan tortilla sebesar Rp 57.530,43/kg atau sebesar 69,04%.; (3) Perkembangan usaha agroindustri berbahan baku jagung selama 5 tahun terakhir (2014 – 2018) mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan, yang disebabkan oleh jumlah permintaan dan tenaga kerja.; (4) Strategi yang harus dilakukan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan dan nilai tambah yaitu: a) Mempertahankan atau meingkatkan jumlah produksi; b) Mempertahankan atau memperluas daerah pemasaran; c) Melakukan efisiensi produksi.
Vacunas asignadas y aplicadas contra COVID-19 por entidad territorial en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Pinzón Jorge Enrique 
Published: September 2021

Introducción: para lograr la finalización de esta pandemia, una gran parte del mundo debe ser inmune al virus. La evidencia más segura de lograrlo es una vacuna. Objetivo: mostrar el avance de las dosis asignadas y aplicadas en la vacunación contra SARS-COV-2 en las entidades territoriales de Colombia. Metodología: la presente investigación se realizó bajo un estudio transversal, como fuente de información se obtuvo del plan nacional de vacunación contra el COVID-19 de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, en el período comprendido entre el 17 de febrero y 31 de julio 2021. Resultados: las entidades territoriales con mayor porcentaje de dosis asignadas fueron: Bogotá (18.61), Antioquia (14,92), Valle del Cauca (8,82), Cundinamarca (6,03) y Santander (5, 07) y con mayor número de porcentaje de dosis aplicadas de vacunación fueron: Boyacá (92,85), Buenaventura (92,82), Amazonas (89,03), Cundinamarca (88,22), y Nariño (87). Conclusión: es relevante continuar aumentado la asignación de dosis contra SARS-COV-2 en los diferentes entes territoriales de Colombia y a su vez que cada uno aumente su capacidad de aplicaciones de dosis de la vacuna y en especial en lo relacionado con los esquemas completos que permitan llegar a corto plazo a alcanzar la inmunidad de rebaño en el país.
Low-back pain after lumbar discectomy for disc herniation: what can you tell your patient?
Authors: Iorio-Morin Christian , Fisher Charles G. , Abraham Edward , Nataraj Andrew , Attabib Najmedden , Paquet Jerome , Hogan Thomas Guy , Bailey Christopher S. , Ahn Henry , Johnson Michael , Richardson Eden A. , Manson Neil , Thomas Ken , Rampersaud Y. Raja , Hall Hamilton , Dea Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Lumbar discectomy (LD) is frequently performed to alleviate radicular pain resulting from disc herniation. While this goal is achieved in most patients, improvement in low-back pain (LBP) has been reported inconsistently. The goal of this study was to characterize how LBP evolves following discectomy.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected patient data from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN) registry. Patients who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was a clinically significant reduction in the back pain numerical rating scale (BPNRS) assessed at 12 months. Binary logistic regression was used to model the relationship between the primary outcome and potential predictors.

RESULTS
There were 557 patients included in the analysis. The chief complaint was radiculopathy in 85%; 55% of patients underwent a minimally invasive procedure. BPNRS improved at 3 months by 48% and this improvement was sustained at all follow-ups. LBP and leg pain improvement were correlated. Clinically significant improvement in BPNRS at 12 months was reported by 64% of patients. Six factors predicted a lack of LBP improvement: female sex, low education level, marriage, not working, low expectations with regard to LBP improvement, and a low BPNRS preoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinically significant improvement in LBP is observed in the majority of patients after LD. These data should be used to better counsel patients and provide accurate expectations about back pain improvement.
Factors associated with seizures at initial presentation in pediatric patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Garcia Joseph H. , Winkler Ethan A. , Morshed Ramin A. , Lu Alex , Ammanuel Simon G. , Saggi Satvir , Wang Elaina J. , Braunstein Steve , Fox Christine K. , Fullerton Heather J. , Kim Helen , Cooke Daniel L. , Hetts Steven W. , Lawton Michael T. , Abla Adib A. , Gupta Nalin 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Children with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can present with seizures, potentially increasing morbidity and impacting clinical management. However, the factors that lead to seizures as a presenting sign are not well defined. While AVM-related seizures have been described in case series, most studies have focused on adults and have included patients who developed seizures after an AVM rupture. To address this, the authors sought to analyze demographic and morphological characteristics of AVMs in a large cohort of children.

METHODS
The demographic, clinical, and AVM morphological characteristics of 189 pediatric patients from a single-center database were studied. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the effect of these characteristics on seizures as an initial presenting symptom in patients with unruptured brain AVMs.

RESULTS
Overall, 28 of 189 patients initially presented with seizures (14.8%). By univariate comparison, frontal lobe location (p = 0.02), larger AVM size (p = 0.003), older patient age (p = 0.04), and the Supplemented Spetzler-Martin (Supp-SM) grade (0.0006) were associated with seizure presentation. Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent effect of frontal lobe AVM location and higher Supp-SM grade. All patients presenting with seizures had AVMs in the cortex or subcortical white matter.

CONCLUSIONS
While children and adults share some risk factors for seizure presentation, their risk factor profiles do not entirely overlap. Pediatric patients with cortical AVMs in the frontal lobe were more likely to present with seizures. Additionally, the Supp-SM grade was highly associated with seizure presentation. Future clinical research should focus on the effect of therapeutic interventions targeting AVMs on seizure control in these patients.
Effects of hypertonic saline on intracranial pressure and cerebral autoregulation in pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zipfel Julian , Engel Juliane , Hockel Konstantin , Heimberg Ellen , Schuhmann Martin U. , Neunhoeffer Felix 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Hypertonic saline (HTS) is commonly used in children to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). While ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) correlate moderately to TBI outcome, indices of cerebrovascular autoregulation enhance the correlation of neuromonitoring data to neurological outcome. In this study, the authors sought to investigate the effect of HTS administration on ICP, CPP, and autoregulation in pediatric patients with sTBI.

METHODS
Twenty-eight pediatric patients with sTBI who were intubated and sedated were included. Blood pressure and ICP were actively managed according to the autoregulation index PRx (pressure relativity index to determine and maintain an optimal CPP [CPPopt]). In cases in which ICP was continuously > 20 mm Hg despite all other measures to decrease it, an infusion of 3% HTS was administered. The monitoring data of the first 6 hours after HTS administration were analyzed. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at the 3-month follow-up was used as the primary outcome measure, and patients were dichotomized into favorable (GOS score 4 or 5) and unfavorable (GOS score 1–3) groups.

RESULTS
The mean dose of HTS was 40 ml 3% NaCl. No significant difference in ICP and PRx was seen between groups at the HTS administration. ICP was lowered significantly in all children, with the effect lasting as long as 6 hours. The lowering of ICP was significantly greater and longer in children with a favorable outcome (p < 0.001); only this group showed significant improvement of autoregulatory capacity (p = 0.048). A newly established HTS response index clearly separated the outcome groups.

CONCLUSIONS
HTS significantly lowered ICP in all children after sTBI. This effect was significantly greater and longer-lasting in children with a favorable outcome. Moreover, HTS administration restored disturbed autoregulation only in the favorable outcome group. This highlights the role of a “rescuable” autoregulation regarding outcome, which might be a possible indicator of injury severity. The effect of HTS on autoregulation and other possible mechanisms should be further investigated.
Risk factors for unchanged ventricles during pediatric shunt malfunction
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca A. , Ahluwalia Ranbir , Krishnan Vishal , Kelly Katherine A. , Lee Jaclyn , Waldrop Raymond P. , Guidry Bradley , Hengartner Astrid C. , McCroskey Justin , Arynchyna Anastasia , Staulcup Susan , Chen Heidi , Hankinson Todd C. , Rocque Brandon G. , Shannon Chevis N. , Naftel Robert 
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE
Children whose ventricles do not change during shunt malfunction present a diagnostic dilemma. This study was performed to identify risk factors for unchanged ventricular size at shunt malfunction.

METHODS
This retrospective 1:1 age-matched case-control study identified children with shunted hydrocephalus who underwent shunt revision with intraoperative evidence of malfunction at one of the three participating institutions from 1997 to 2019. Cases were defined as patients with a change of < 0.05 in the frontal–occipital horn ratio (FOR) between malfunction and baseline, and controls included patients with FOR changes ≥ 0.05. The presence of infection, abdominal pseudocyst, pseudomeningocele, or wound drainage and lack of baseline cranial imaging at the time of malfunction warranted exclusion.

RESULTS
Of 450 included patients, 60% were male, 73% were Caucasian, and 67% had an occipital shunt. The median age was 4.3 (IQR 0.97–9.21) years at malfunction. On univariable analysis, unchanged ventricles at malfunction were associated with a frontal shunt (41% vs 28%, p < 0.001), programmable valve (17% vs 9%, p = 0.011), nonsiphoning shunt (85% vs 66%, p < 0.001), larger baseline FOR (0.44 ± 0.12 vs 0.38 ± 0.11, p < 0.001), no prior shunt infection (87% vs 76%, p = 0.003), and no prior shunt revisions (68% vs 52%, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis with collinear variables removed, patients with a frontal shunt (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.08–2.70, p = 0.037), programmable valve (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.32–5.26, p = 0.007), nonsiphoning shunt at malfunction (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.63–4.67, p < 0.001), larger baseline FOR (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.21–4.43, p < 0.001), and no prior shunt infection (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.27–4.30, p = 0.007) were more likely to have unchanged ventricles at malfunction.

CONCLUSIONS
In a multicenter cohort of children with shunt malfunction, those with a frontal shunt, programmable valve, nonsiphoning shunt, baseline large ventricles, and no prior shunt infection were more likely than others to have unchanged ventricles at shunt failure.
Mifepristone Increases Life Span of Virgin Female Drosophila on Regular and High-fat Diet Without Reducing Food Intake
Authors: Landis Gary N. , Hilsabeck Tyler A. U. , Bell Hans S. , Ronnen-Oron Tal , Wang Lu , Doherty Devon V. , Tejawinata Felicia I. , Erickson Katherine , Vu William , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Kapahi Pankaj , Tower John 
Published: September 2021

Background: The synthetic steroid mifepristone is reported to have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects in mammals on normal and high-fat diets (HFD). We previously reported that mifepristone blocks the negative effect on life span caused by mating in female Drosophila melanogaster.Methods: Here we asked if mifepristone could protect virgin females from the life span-shortening effect of HFD. Mifepristone was assayed for effects on life span in virgin females, in repeated assays, on regular media and on media supplemented with coconut oil (HFD). The excrement quantification (EX-Q) assay was used to measure food intake of the flies after 12 days mifepristone treatment. In addition, experiments were conducted to compare the effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, and to identify candidate mifepristone targets and mechanisms.Results: Mifepristone increased life span of virgin females on regular media, as well as on media supplemented with either 2.5 or 5% coconut oil. Food intake was not reduced in any assay, and was significantly increased by mifepristone in half of the assays. To ask if mifepristone might rescue virgin females from all life span-shortening stresses, the oxidative stressor paraquat was tested, and mifepristone produced little to no rescue. Analysis of extant metabolomics and transcriptomics data suggested similarities between effects of mifepristone in virgin and mated females, including reduced tryptophan breakdown and similarities to dietary restriction. Bioinformatics analysis identified candidate mifepristone targets, including transcription factors Paired and Extra-extra. In addition to shortening life span, mating also causes midgut hypertrophy and activation of the lipid metabolism regulatory factor SREBP. Mifepristone blocked the increase in midgut size caused by mating, but did not detectably affect midgut size in virgins. Finally, mating increased activity of a SREBP reporter in abdominal tissues, as expected, but reporter activity was not detectably reduced by mifepristone in either mated or virgin females.Conclusion: Mifepristone increases life span of virgin females on regular and HFD without reducing food intake. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest some similar effects of mifepristone between virgin and mated females, however reduced midgut size was observed only in mated females. The results are discussed regarding possible mifepristone mechanisms and targets.
Getting Evidence From Health Policy and Systems Research Into Policy and Practice for Controlling Endemic Tropical Diseases in Nigeria: Assessing Knowledge, Capacity, and Use
Authors: Ezenwaka Uchenna , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundGetting evidence from Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) into policy and practice for effective control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is essential for providing better service delivery because evidence-informed decision-making improves the effectiveness of a health system and health outcomes. The paper provides new knowledge on the policy-/decision-makers’ level of knowledge, capacity to use, and how evidence from HPSR has been used in decision-making for the control of endemic tropical diseases (ETDs), especially the NTDs and malaria in Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional qualitative study of decision-makers was undertaken in Anambra and Enugu states, southeast Nigeria. Data was collected through in-depth interviews (n=22) of purposively selected decision-makers to assess how HPSR evidence is translated into policy and practice for controlling ETDs. The respondents were selected based on their job description, roles, and involvement in the control of ETDs. Data were analyzed using the thematic content approach.ResultsThere is a considerable level of knowledge on HPSR and its relationship with evidence-informed policy- and decision-making towards control of ETDs and health system strengthening. Organizational capacity to use HPSR evidence in decision-making was found to be weak due to various reasons such as no embedded structure for translating research evidence to policy and practice, lack of decision-making autonomy by individuals, and politically driven decisions. Few respondents have either ever used or are currently using HPRS evidence for developing/reviewing and implementing strategies for ETDs programs. Majority of the respondents reported that their main source of evidence was routine data from health information management system, which they found useful due to its representativeness and completeness. Main enabler for using HPSR evidence for decision-making is existing collaborations between researchers and policy-/decision-makers.ConclusionThere is a high level of awareness about evidence from HPSR and the usefulness of such evidence in decision-making. However, this awareness does not translate to optimal use of evidence for decision-making due to weak organizational capacity and other constraints. There is the need to invest in capacity-building activities to develop a critical mass of users of evidence (policy-/decision-makers) to facilitate enhanced uptake of high-quality evidence into policy decisions for better control of ETDs.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Sildenafil in the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Linli , Wang Chunxia , Zhou Yulu , Sun Wei , Wang Chunjiang 
Published: September 2021

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of sildenafil for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) with Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis.Methods:We searched Chinese and English databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning sildenafil in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension from 1998 to December 2020.Results:Twenty-two RCTs including over 2131 patients were included. Sildenafil was administered by nasal feeding at 0.3–2 mg/kg every 4–6 h. The network meta-analysis revealed that 1.5 mg/kg of sildenafil led to a significant decrease in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) compared with 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg (p&lt; 0.05); 1.5 mg/kg was better than 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg at increasing the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (p&lt; 0.05); 1.5 mg/kg was better than 0.5, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg at reducing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (p&lt; 0.05); and 1.2 mg/kg was better than 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg at increasing the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (p&lt; 0.05). The surface under the cumulative ranking analysis (SUCRA) results showed that 1.5 mg/kg had the best effect in reducing PASP (SUCRA = 92.0%, moderate certainty evidence) and PaCO2(91.1%) and increasing PaO2(SUCRA = 79.3%, moderate certainty evidence), 2.0 mg/kg had the best effect in increasing SaO2(SUCRA = 88.6%, moderate certainty evidence) and total effective rate (SUCRA = 93.5%, low certainty of evidence)). No severe adverse effects were observed with the different doses of sildenafil.Conclusion:Different doses of sildenafil can significantly improve PPHN, and 1.5 mg/kg of sildenafil has better clinical efficacy and does not increase the probability of adverse reactions.
Self-Harm History, Anxiety-Depression, Severity of Disease, and Insight Are Significantly Associated With Suicide Risk in Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients of China
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Zhong Shaoling , Yue Yuchen , Gou Ningzhi , Sun Qiaoling , Liang Xiaoxi , Wang Fanglan , Lu Juntao , Li Qiguang , Zhou Jiansong , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: September 2021

Background: Forensic psychiatric patients have higher suicide risk than the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of suicide risk and to explore the associated factors in forensic psychiatric inpatients in China.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1st November, 2018 to 30th January, 2019 in the Forensic Psychiatric Hospital of Hunan Province, China. Patient's information on socio-demographic, clinical, and criminological characteristics was collected. The suicidality subscale of the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Severity of Illness of Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI-SI) were used to measure present suicide risks, psychiatric symptoms, and the severity of the patient's disease, respectively. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with suicide risk.Results: Twenty-one percent (84/408) of the forensic psychiatric inpatients reported suicide risk. Logistic regression analysis suggested that self-harm history (OR:3.47, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.45–8.33), symptoms of anxiety-depression (OR:1.15, 95% CI:1.04–1.27), and more severe mental disorder (OR:1.42, 95% CI:1.08–1.87) were associated with elevated suicide risk, while insight disorder (OR:0.81, 95% CI:0.65–0.99) was related to decreasing suicide risk.Conclusion: The study supplied useful clinical information to recognize high suicide risk in forensic psychiatric inpatients and may aid the development of valuable strategies for preventing and reducing suicide events.