bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinion, Attitudes and Level of Knowledge of Obstetrics and Childcare Students at the University of Antofagasta Regarding the Law on Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Marrodan Marco , Ávila Susan , Castro Dannytza , Colque Camila 
Published: July 2021

objetivo: Describir la opinión, actitudes y nivel de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de Obstetricia y Puericultura de una universidad pública frente a la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo (IVE). material y método. 308 estudiantes de Obstetricia (Universidad de Antofagasta), a quienes se les solicitó opinión y se les midió conocimientos respecto de Ley IVE implementada recientemente en Chile. La información fue recolectada en cuestionario autoaplicado y procesada en una hoja de cálculo Excel. El resguardo ético se realizó a través de consentimiento informado. resultados. De 235 encuestas recibidas se pudo desprender lo siguiente: en relación con conocimientos sobre la Ley IVE, el total de encuestados sabe que en Chile el aborto es legal solamente en tres causales definidas por la ley y logra identificarlas correctamente. Un 18 % cree que las asignaturas de su carrera les proporcionaron información suficiente respecto de la Ley IVE, mientras que un 66 % dice haberse informado mediante la prensa. En relación con opinión y actitudes frente al aborto, un 42 % se declararía «absolutamente a favor». El 91 % de los encuestados opina que la ley IVE es un avance en políticas públicas para Chile. conclusiones. Estudiantes encuestados demuestran una actitud favorable hacia la interrupción del embarazo cuando concurre alguna de las tres causales. Si bien existen potenciales objetores frente a determinadas causales, la mayor parte del grupo de estudiantes tiene una actitud favorable frente a lo que consideran un avance en políticas públicas para el país.
PjBL-Based Blended Learning Implementation on Energy Topic to Improve the Problem-Solving Skill
Authors: Gestira Mega , Abdurrahman  , Viyanti  
Published: July 2021

Blended learning is a new strategy or way in the learning process. Besides face-to-face learning, the learning process should also be carried out in an online manner. Online learning could facilitate teachers and learners to learn anywhere and anytime. It is an appropriate learning strategy and supported by a learning model that could integrate various science disciplines, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This research aims to describe the improvement of problem-solving skills on energy via blended learning-based PjBL STEM. Each syntax of the learning consists of five-stage. They are problem solving, focus the problem, describe the problem in physics description, plan a solution, execute the plan, and evaluate the solution. This research applied an experimental research design with pre-experimental (one group pretest-posttest design). The sample consisted of thirty-five Al-Azhar Islamic SHS 3 Bandar Lampung at X Science 1. The instrument was a problem-solving skill test in the form of an essay. The test results were analyzed with paired sample t-test. Based on the promoted research, the N-gain of experimental group learning outcome was 0.43, categorized moderate. The paired sample t-test hypothesis result obtained the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) ≤0,05 is 0,00. It showed the improvement of problem-solving skills using the blended-learning-based PjBL STEM model.
Regulacyjna funkcja intuicji językowej w rozwijaniu podsystemu leksykalno-semantycznego: test wnioskowania znaczeń w limitowanym czasie
Authors: Piegzik Wioletta A. 
Published: July 2021

The paper emphasizes the role of linguistic intuition in current L2 processing. Intuition, as a mental disposition operating in implicit systems, is in close correlation with working memory. It infers quick, almost immediate meaning of un unknown word which appears in a context. Linguistic intuition has a regulatory function, i.e. it allows to continue language activities and overcome linguistic deficits. In the second part, Timed inference test as a tool for developing and testing vocabulary is proposed as well as the results of the empirical study on intuitive behaviour in L2. The results of the study show that inference of word’s meaning under time constraint is lower that the results of inference without time pressure. The study involves a group of 102 students of French as a foreign language at B1 level.
Rozwijanie sprawności pisania obcojęzycznego na przykładzie polsko-niemieckiego internetowego projektu tandemowo-tridemowego „Schreiben(üben) im e-Tandem/e-Tridem” – możliwości i ograniczenia
Authors: Pawłowska-Balcerska Agnieszka 
Published: July 2021

Although in the age of media writing is experiencing a kind of renaissance, and young people cannot imagine everyday life without texts, e-mails, online discussion forums or virtual instant messaging, writing as part of institutionalized teaching evokes rather negative associations among many learners. Therefore, based on the example of the Polish-German online tandem-tridem project, an attempt will be made in this article to answer the following questions: How can one draw on the positive, out-of-school experiences of learners with (foreign) writing in foreign language classes? How can they be used in the institutionalized process of teaching and learning foreign languages while developing writing skills? What advantages and dangers are associated with the mentioned activities?
TED talks as resources for the development of listening, speaking and interaction skills in teaching EFL to university students
Authors: Kozińska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2021

The article presents a study conducted on 27 university students and 5 of their teachers in the Winter semester 2020/21. The study was conducted because of recommended online teaching at Polish universities and almost four decades after the first TED event, when the TED community has become worldwide and the recordings of the events can be accessed online cost-free by anybody. The popularity of TEDs and the need to teach online prompted the author to incorporate it in teaching practice and review research literature from the areas of SLA (Second Language Acquisition), EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teaching and learning, socio-constructivism and adult learning. Based on this review, a hypothesis was formulated: TED talks support the development of listening, speaking, and interaction skills when used as a supplementary resource in teaching English as a foreign language to university students. Three supplementary questions were formed to test the hypothesis. Data was obtained in an online questionnaire and analysed using the qualitative data analysis framework of Miles and Huberman (1994). The study confirmed the hypothesis. Lessons with TEDs are valued as varied, interesting, inspiring and supporting oral communication skills’ development. Results are discussed, conclusions drawn and further research explored.
The influence of foreign languages on L1: the case of intervocalic stop occlusion
Authors: Sypiańska Jolanta 
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to investigate cross-linguistic influence (CLI) of foreign languages on the L1 also referred to as L1 drift. The influence is measured by means of the degree of intervocalic stop occlusion in all the languages of L1 Polish, L2 Spanish and L3 English multilinguals. Although Polish is a language with no systemic spirantization of intervocalic stops, the assumption is that if L1 Polish is under the influence of L2 Spanish in multilinguals the degree of intervocalic stop occlusion may be lower in the otherwise non-spirantized context in L1 Polish. The degree of intervocalic stop occlusion is calculated with measures of intensity: Cmin, Vmax; but also with measures of relative intensity used in spirantization research: IntDiff and IntRatio. The results show that only Cmin and Vmax effectively capture the influence of L2 on L1, whereas the extent of the influence is conditioned by how well the speakers master spirantization in their L2 Spanish. Finally, as predicted, the L3 does not constitute a source of influence for the L1.
Modalizatory jako wielowymiarowe zagadnienie w nauce języka szwedzkiego
Authors: Kowal Iwona 
Published: July 2021

Sentence adverbials build a multidimensional constituent in many languages, i.e. they can, among others, modify the meaning of the entire sentence, emphasize a particular element in it, or build the coherence in texts. Due to the multifaced character of this linguistic phenomenon the acquisition of it in foreign language learners can be a complex process. The learner is not only faced with a variety of different words and phrases that can be used in order to deliver a complementary information in the text, but also, depending on the structural requirements of the specific language, has to learn to put this constituent in the correct place in the sentence. In present paper the use of sentence adverbials in Polish learners od Swedish will be presented. The data considered in the analysis comprises two types of texts: a summary of an expository text and a narrative. The results show that foreign language learners at the intermediate stage of the language use a broad repertoire of sentence adverbials and place them in appropriate contexts. In narratives modal expressions predominate, while in summaries connectives and intensifiers are used more often. The learners can place sentence adverbials correctly in the sentence, especially in main clauses. However, the word order in dependent clauses when other sentence adverbials occur, except for sentences with the negation inte, is still under development.
A direct measure of subjective business uncertainty
Authors: Glocker Christian , Hölzl Werner 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present an uncertainty measure that is based on a business survey in which uncertainty is captured directly by a qualitative question on subjective uncertainty regarding expectations. Uncertainty perceptions display persistence at the firm level and changes are associated with past business assessments and expectations. While our uncertainty measure correlates with commonly used alternatives, it is superior in forecasting and suggests a larger role of uncertainty shocks for aggregate fluctuations. Its informational content is highest when considering smaller firms or firms with a low growth rate. Our results confirm the feasibility of constructing uncertainty measures from business survey questions that elicit information on uncertainty of respondents directly.
Datenqualität und -kuratierung als Voraussetzung für Open Research Data
Authors: Azeroual Otmane 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Bedeutung von Daten für Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft kann nicht überschätzt werden und nimmt im Zuge von Digitalisierung weiter zu. Die Nachnutzung vorhandener Daten bietet erhebliche Vorteile auf wissenschaftlicher, politischer, sozialer, kultureller und insbesondere wirtschaftlicher Ebene. Die Öffnung von Datensammlungen (Open Data) stößt sowohl im öffentlichen als auch im privaten Sektor auf gesteigertes Interesse. Dies geht auf die Bemühungen zur vermehrten Transparenz im öffentlichen Sektor und auf die Begeisterung für Big Data und Datenanalyse zurück. In den letzten Jahren haben daher immer mehr Ministerien bzw. Regierungen begonnen, ihre Daten zu veröffentlichen. Diese sogenannten Open Government- oder Open Research-Bewegungen haben zur Einführung zahlreicher Portale geführt, die eine Infrastruktur für den Zugang zu Forschungsdaten bereitstellen. Die Entwicklung dieser Infrastruktur verändert die Art, wie Forschende nach Daten zur Beschreibung ihres Forschungsgegenstandes oder nach analysierbaren Forschungsdaten suchen. Implizit geht es vor allem darum, mehr Datenaustausch und Transparenz zu erreichen, um die Öffnung weiterer Datensilos für breite Anwenderkreise voranzutreiben. Qualitätsfragen spielten dabei in der Anfangsphase eine zu geringe Rolle. Dieser Beitrag will darauf aufmerksam machen, wie Datenqualitätskriterien sowohl für die Quelldaten als auch die Metadaten Infrastrukturen optimieren können.
Terminologiemanagement: erfolgreicher Wissenstransfer durch Concept-Maps und die Überlegungen in DGI-AKTS
Authors: Busch Andre 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Organisation eines effektiven und effizienten Wissenstransfers ist eine große Herausforderung moderner Fachkommunikation. Durch die Aufbereitung von Begriffen und Begriffsbeziehungen in Begriffssystemen und deren übersichtliche und verständliche Visualisierung in einer Concept-Map macht das Terminologiemanagement Wissen einfach und schnell verfügbar. So kann es effizienter für die Fachkommunikation genutzt werden.
New criteria-based ℋ-tensors for identifying the positive definiteness of multivariate homogeneous forms
Authors: Sun Deshu , Bai Dongjian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Positive definite polynomials are important in the field of optimization. ℋ-tensors play an important role in identifing the positive definiteness of an even-order homogeneous multivariate form. In this paper, we propose an iterative scheme for identifying ℋ-tensor and prove that the algorithm can terminate within finite iterative steps. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency and validity of methods.
Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition
Authors: Demir Funda , Ozen Meral Yildirim , Derun Emek Moroydor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element.
At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.
Filling the Void in Archaeological Excavations: 2D Point Clouds to 3D Volumes
Authors: Nobles Gary R. , Roosevelt Christopher H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract3D data captured from archaeological excavations are frequently left to speak for themselves. 3D models of objects are uploaded to online viewing platforms, the tops or bottoms of surfaces are visualised in 2.5D, or both are reduced to 2D representations. Representations of excavation units, in particular, often remain incompletely processed as raw surface outputs, unable to be considered individual entities that represent the individual, volumetric units of excavation. Visualisations of such surfaces, whether as point clouds or meshes, are commonly viewed as an end result in and of themselves, when they could be considered the beginning of a fully volumetric way of recording and understanding the 3D archaeological record. In describing the creation of an archaeologically focused recording routine and a 3D-focused data processing workflow, this article provides the means to fill the void between excavation-unit surfaces, thereby producing an individual volumetric entity that corresponds to each excavation unit. Drawing on datasets from the Kaymakçı Archaeological Project (KAP) in western Turkey, the article shows the potential for programmatic creation of volumetric contextual units from 2D point cloud datasets, opening a world of possibilities and challenges for the development of a truly 3D archaeological practice.
Highly conjugated carbazole-based monomers for the control of nanotubular surface structures by soft template electropolymerization
Authors: Fradin Caroline , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, a bioinspired approach is used to prepare nanotubular structures with tunable hydrophobicity and water adhesion by a soft template surfactant-free electropolymerization in organic solvent. Various highly conjugated carbazole-based molecules are used as monomer. The presence of water in the organic solvent enables the formation of porous and rough nanostructures. Their shapes depend essentially on the nature of the monomer and the way it polymerizes. Various morphologies were obtained from nanoparticles network to horizontally or vertically aligned nanotubes. The nanostructured surfaces reach superhydrophobic properties and their dynamical behavior varies with the monomer from sticky to slippery. For example, using 9,3′:6′,9″-tercarbazole (TC) very long nanotubes are observed but their number is higher at constant potential. At high deposition charge, it is observed that most of the tubes are even collapsed leading to a strong increase of surface hydrophobicity with apparent contact angle up to 143° with strong water adhesion comparable to rose petals or gecko foot.
Frauenanteil und geschlechtsspezifische Produktivitätsunterschiede in der volkswirtschaftlichen Forschung
Authors: Hilber Simon , Sturm Jan-Egbert , Ursprung Heinrich W. 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Wir dokumentieren die Entwicklung des Frauenanteils in der Volkswirtschaftslehre, messen geschlechtsspezifische Produktivitätsunterschiede in der Forschung und vergleichen die Verlustraten in den Karrieren von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und Nachwuchswissenschaftlern. Unsere Grundgesamtheit besteht aus 71 volkswirtschaftlichen Fachbereichen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz mit insgesamt 3.183 Forschern, von denen etwa 20 Prozent weiblich sind. Unsere Daten stammen aus der Forschungsmonitoring-Datenbank, die vom Verein für Sozialwissenschaften unterstützt wird. Unsere Studie ist primär deskriptiver Natur, das heißt, wir beabsichtigen nicht, die aufgezeigten geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede zu erklären. Vielmehr sollen unsere deskriptiven Resultate dazu anregen, die Ursachen der von uns aufgezeigten Unterschiede weiter zu untersuchen.
Tempolimit 130 auf Autobahnen: Eine evidenzbasierte Diskussion der Auswirkungen
Authors: Bauernschuster Stefan , Traxler Christian 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungWelche Effekte würde ein allgemeines Tempolimit auf deutschen Autobahnen mit sich bringen? Stefan Bauernschuster und Christian Traxler versuchen, sich dieser oft emotional diskutierten Frage empirisch zu nähern. Die Autoren stoßen dabei rasch an Grenzen: Die Datenlage ist dürftig und kausale Evidenz ist rar. Gleichwohl skizzieren sie in ihrem Beitrag auf Basis der vorhandenen Daten und der internationalen Literatur eine Einschätzung, wie sich die Einführung eines Tempolimits 130 unter anderem auf Verkehrssicherheit, Emissionen und Zeitverluste auswirkt. Vieles spricht dafür, dass der Nutzen eines Tempolimits die möglichen Kosten übersteigt. Die Autoren rufen zu einer Stärkung der evidenzbasierten Verkehrspolitik auf.
Prüfungskompetenz
Authors: Tyagunova Tanya 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag fokussiert die universitäre mündliche Prüfung als spezifische kommunikative Praxis. Seinen Ausgangspunkt bildet die Beobachtung, dass sich die Situation eines Prüfungsgesprächs für Prüflinge vor allem als Problem der Formulierung einer angemessenen Antwort unter den Bedingungen der doppelten Offenheit der Prüfungskommunikation konstituiert: der Offenheit der Antwortevaluation und der Unsicherheit bezüglich der Kriterien der Antwortangemessenheit. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, empirisch zu rekonstruieren, wie dieses Problem von den Prüflingen bearbeitet wird. Anhand der Analyse von Interaktionssequenzen aus mündlichen Prüfungen in den modularisierten Lehramtsstudiengängen wird gezeigt, wie Prüflinge mit der Aufforderung zur Verbalisierung ihres Wissens situativ umgehen. Die rekonstruierten Techniken können als verfahrensbegrenzte regulative Mechanismen verstanden werden, sich als wissend und diskursfähig darzustellen. Sie stellen den Ausdruck einer praxisinternen Verfahrenskompetenz dar.
Bisphosphonates after denosumab withdrawal reduce the vertebral fractures incidence
Authors: Grassi Giorgia , Chiodini Iacopo , Palmieri Serena , Cairoli Elisa , Arosio Maura , Eller-Vainicher Cristina 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Several studies showed the occurrence of vertebral fracture (VFx) in patients discontinuing denosumab (Dmab), suggesting the need of bisphosphonate (BPs) therapy to mitigate this VFx risk increase. However, the morphometric VFx (morphoVFx) incidence after Dmab discontinuation and the BPs effect on VFx risk in this setting are still a matter of debate.

Design
Retrospective, monocentric study.

Methods
In 120 patients (111 females) discontinuing Dmab, 19 have not been treated (non-treated group: 16 females, aged 63.5 ± 15.0 years) and 101 patients have been treated (treated group: 95 females, aged 70.0 ± 10.6 years) with BPs (28 alendronate (ALN); 73 zoledronate ZOL), single infusion), respectively. We evaluated the incidence of both clinical VFx and morphoVFx in treated group and non-treated group.

Results
Patients in treated group showed a 5.5% VFx incidence (n = 6, three clinical, three morpho VFx), which was anyway lower than non-treated group patients (n = 4, 21.1%, four clinical, three multiple, P = 0.029), despite a comparable FRAX score at the time of Dmab initiation. The logistic regression analysis showed that the VFx incidence was independently associated with the lack of BPs treatment (odds ratio: 13.9, 95% CI 1.7–111.1, P = 0.014), but not with the number of Dmab injections, age, duration of BPs before Dmab initiation, the BMD at Dmab withdrawal, and the prevalence of VFx at Dmab withdrawal.

Conclusions
The Dmab withdrawal is associated with an increased risk of clinical but not morphometric VFx. Therapy with ALN or with a single ZOL treatment is partially effective in reducing the increased VFx risk after Dmab withdrawal.