bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of contrast-enhanced MRI features of the (teno)synovium in the wrist of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and pediatric controls
Authors: van der Krogt Jeffrey M. A. , Verkuil F. , van Gulik E. Charlotte , Hemke Robert , van den Berg J. Merlijn , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , Kindermann Angelika , Dolman Koert M. , Benninga Marc A. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Maas Mario , Nusman Charlotte M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo directly compare and describe the differences between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and pediatric controls regarding features of the synovial and tenosynovial membrane on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the wrist. T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI scans of 25 JIA patients with clinically active wrist arthritis and 25 children without a history of joint complaints nor any clinical signs of joint inflammation were evaluated by two readers blinded to clinical data. The synovium was scored at five anatomical sites based on thickening of the synovium (0–3 scale) and synovial enhancement (0–2 scale). Thickening and/or enhancement of the tenosynovium was scored at four anatomical sites using a 0–3 scale. Significantly higher scores for synovial thickening (median 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001) and synovial enhancement (median 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001) are found in the wrist of JIA patients as compared to controls. JIA patients experienced the highest synovial scores at the mid-/inter-carpal, 2nd –5th carpometacarpal, and radiocarpal joints. No significant difference in tenosynovial scores is found between both groups (median 0 vs. 0, p = 0.220). This study highlights the higher synovial thickening/enhancement scores on contrast-enhanced MRI of the wrist in JIA patients compared to pediatric controls. Tenosynovial thickening and/or enhancement was rarely present in both groups. In JIA patients, synovial thickening and enhancement were particularly present at three anatomical sites. These results substantially support rheumatologists and radiologists when navigating through MRI of the wrist in search for JIA disease activity.
An on-ice aerial survey of the Kane Basin polar bear (Ursus maritimus) subpopulation
Authors: Wiig Øystein , Atkinson Stephen N. , Born Erik W. , Stapleton Seth , Arnold Todd , Dyck Markus , Laidre Kristin L. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Regehr Eric V. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere is an imminent need to collect information on distribution and abundance of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to understand how they are affected by the ongoing decrease in Arctic sea ice. The Kane Basin (KB) subpopulation is a group of high-latitude polar bears that ranges between High Arctic Canada and NW Greenland around and north of the North Water polynya (NOW). We conducted a line transect distance sampling aerial survey of KB polar bears during 28 April–12 May 2014. A total of 4160 linear kilometers were flown in a helicopter over fast ice in the fjords and over offshore pack ice between 76° 50′ and 80° N′. Using a mark-recapture distance sampling protocol, the estimated abundance was 190 bears (95% lognormal CI: 87–411; CV 39%). This estimate is likely negatively biased to an unknown degree because the offshore sectors of the NOW with much open water were not surveyed because of logistical and safety reasons. Our study demonstrated that aerial surveys may be a feasible method for obtaining abundance estimates for small subpopulations of polar bears.
Localized time accurate sampling of nonequilibrium and unsteady hypersonic flows: methods and horizons
Authors: Miles Richard , Dogariu Arthur , Dogariu Laura 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModern “non-intrusive” optical methods are providing revolutionary capabilities for diagnostics of hypersonic flow fields. They generate accurate information on the performance of ground test facilities and provide local time accurate measurements of near-wall and off-body flow fields surrounding hypersonic test articles. They can follow the true molecular motion of the flow and detect nonequilibrium states and gas mixtures. They can be used to capture a wide range of turbulent scales and can produce highly accurate velocity, temperature and density measurements as well as time-frozen images that provide intuitive understanding of flow phenomena. Recent review articles address many of these methods and their applications. The methods highlighted in this review are those that have been enabled or greatly improved by new, versatile laser systems, particularly including kHz rate femtosecond lasers and MHz rate pulse burst lasers. Although these methods can be applied to combusting environments, the focus of this review is on external high Mach number flows surrounding test articles and wind tunnel core flow properties. The high repetition rates enable rapid time evolving flows to be analyzed and enable the collection of large data sets necessary for statistical analysis. Future capabilities based on the use of atomic vapor filters and on frequency tunable, injection locked MHz rate lasers are promising.
A simple and robust method for calculating temperatures of granitoid magmas
Authors: Duan Meng , Niu Yaoling , Sun Pu , Chen Shuo , Kong Juanjuan , Li Jiyong , Zhang Yu , Hu Yan , Shao Fengli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCalculating the temperatures of magmas from which granitoid rocks solidify is a key task of studying their petrogenesis, but few geothermometers are satisfactory. Zircon saturation thermometry has been the most widely used because it is conceptually simple and practically convenient, and because it is based on experimental calibrations with significant correlation of the calculated zircon saturation temperature (TZr) with zirconium (Zr) content in the granitic melt (i.e., TZr ∝ ZrMELT). However, application of this thermometry to natural rocks can be misleading, resulting in the calculated TZr having no geological significance. This thermometry requires Zr content and a compound bulk compositional parameter M of the melt as input variables. As the Zr and M information of the melt is not available, petrologists simply use bulk-rock Zr content (ZrBULK-ROCK) and M to calculate TZr. In the experimental calibration, TZr shows no correlation with M, thus the calculated TZr is only a function of ZrMELT. Because granitoid rocks represent cumulates or mixtures of melt with crystals before magma solidification and because significant amount Zr in the bulk-rock sample reside in zircon crystals of varying origin (liquidus, captured or inherited crystals) with unknown modal abundance, ZrBULK-ROCK cannot be equated with ZrMELT that is unknown. Hence, the calculated magma temperatures TZr using ZrBULK-ROCK have no significance in both theory and practice. As an alternative, we propose to use the empirical equation $$T_{SiO_{2}}$$

T

S
i

O
2

(°C) = -14.16 × SiO2 + 1723 for granitoid studies, not to rely on exact values for individual samples but focus on the similarities and differences between samples and sample suites for comparison. This simple and robust thermometry is based on experimentally determined phase equilibria with T ∝ 1/SiO2.
Hankel determinants of linear combinations of moments of orthogonal polynomials, II
Authors: Krattenthaler C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present a formula that expresses the Hankel determinants of a linear combination of length $$d+1$$

d
+
1

of moments of orthogonal polynomials in terms of a $$d\times d$$

d
×
d

determinant of the orthogonal polynomials. This formula exists somehow hidden in the folklore of the theory of orthogonal polynomials but deserves to be better known, and be presented correctly and with full proof. We present four fundamentally different proofs, one that uses classical formulae from the theory of orthogonal polynomials, one that uses a vanishing argument and is due to Elouafi (J Math Anal Appl 431:1253–1274, 2015) (but given in an incomplete form there), one that is inspired by random matrix theory and is due to Brézin and Hikami (Commun Math Phys 214:111–135, 2000), and one that uses (Dodgson) condensation. We give two applications of the formula. In the first application, we explain how to compute such Hankel determinants in a singular case. The second application concerns the linear recurrence of such Hankel determinants for a certain class of moments that covers numerous classical combinatorial sequences, including Catalan numbers, Motzkin numbers, central binomial coefficients, central trinomial coefficients, central Delannoy numbers, Schröder numbers, Riordan numbers, and Fine numbers.
Nanoconfined methane flow behavior through realistic organic shale matrix under displacement pressure: a molecular simulation investigation
Authors: Sun Zheng , Huang Bingxiang , Li Yaohui , Lin Haoran , Shi Shuzhe , Yu Weichao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAcademic investigations digging into the methane flow mechanisms at the nanoscale, closely related to development of shale gas reservoirs, had attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. At the same time, a good understanding of the complex essence remains challenging, while the broad theoretical scope, as well as application value, possesses great attraction. In this work, with the help of molecular dynamics methods nested in LAMMPS software, a fundamental framework is established to mimic the nanoconfined fluid flow through realistic organic shale matrix. Denoting evident discrepancy with existed contributions, shale matrix in this work is composed of specific number of kerogen molecules, rather than simple carbon-based nanotube. Recently, promotion efforts have been implemented in the academic community with the use of kerogen molecules, however, gas flow simulations are still lacking, and the pore shape in the current papers is always hypothesized as slit pores. The pore-geometry assumption seriously conflicts with the general observation phenomenon according to the advanced laboratory experiments, such as SEM image, AFM technology, that the organic pores tend to have circular pore geometry. In order to fill the knowledge gap, the circular nanopore with desirable pore size surrounded by kerogen molecules is constructed at first. The organic nanopore with various thermal maturity can be obtained by altering the kerogen molecular type, expecting to achieve more physically and theoretically similar to the realistic shale matrix. After that, methane flow simulation is performed by utilization of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, the methane density as well as velocity distribution under different displacement pressures are depicted. Furthermore, detailed discussion with respect to the simulation results is provided. Results show that (a) displacement pressure acts as a dominant role affecting methane flow velocity and, however, fails to affect methane density distribution, a behavior mainly controlled by molecular–wall interactions; (b) the velocity distribution feature appears to be in line with the parabolic law under high atmosphere pressure, which can be attributed to small Knudsen number; (c) the simulation time will be prolonged with larger displacement pressure imposed on nanoconfined methane. Accordingly, this work can provide profound basis for accurate evaluation of nanoconfined gas flow behavior through shale matrix.
Molecular modeling piloted analysis for semicarbazone derivative of curcumin as a potent Abl-kinase inhibitor targeting colon cancer
Authors: Rodrigues Fiona C. , Hari Gangadhar , Pai K. S. R. , Suresh Akhil , Nayak Usha Y. , Anilkumar N. V. , Thakur Goutam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switches which promote proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The up-regulated Abl-kinase expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of Abl tyrosine kinase activity in the Matrigel invasion of CRC cells have cemented its significance in CRC advancement. Therefore, the requisite of identifying small molecules which serve as Abl selective inhibitors and designing anti-Abl therapies, particularly for CRC tumors, has driven this study. Curcumin has been touted as an effective inhibitor of cancer cells; however, it is limited by its physicochemical inadequacies. Hence, we have studied the behavior of heterocyclic derivatives of curcumin via computational tools such as pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, free-energy binding, and ADME profiling. The most actively docked molecule, 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide, was comparatively evaluated against Curcumin via molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond, Schrödinger. The study exhibited the improved stability of the derivative as compared to Curcumin in the tested protein pocket and displayed the interaction bonds with the contacted key amino acids. To further establish the claim, the derivatives were synthesized via the mechanism of cyclization of Curcumin and screened in vitro using SRB assay against human CRC cell line, HCT 116. The active derivative indicated an IC50 value of 5.85 µM, which was sevenfold lower as compared to Curcumin’s IC50 of 35.40 µM. Hence, the results base the potential role of the curcumin derivative in modulating Abl-kinase activity and in turn may have potential therapeutic value as a lead for CRC therapy.
Solar Radiation Transmittance Characteristics of Textile Woven Fabrics suitable for Greenhouse covering Materials
Authors: Ray Amal , Ghosh Subrata , Bhowmick Niranjan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNowadays, greenhouse covering materials have a vital role in terms of a protective cultivation process. Many farmers use polyfilms, rigid or semi-rigid plastic panels, and glazing materials as greenhouse covering materials in the present scenario. However, these plastic covering materials are known for their high cost, short service life, and cause of harmful environment. Solar transmittance property is one of the main criteria for choosing any greenhouse covering materials. This study prepares various woven fabrics made of polyester, cotton, and polyester–cotton blend yarns. Their solar transmittance characteristic is analyzed to develop fabric and compare it with a polyethylene film already used as a greenhouse cladding material to substitute for plastic materials. The solar transmission of polyester fabric is achieved as high as 70% in the photosynthesis active radiation, suitable for a commercial greenhouse material. In addition, the polyester fabric has tensile strength and extension much higher than that of commercial plastic greenhouse material.
Wormhole solutions with NUT charge in higher curvature theories
Authors: Ibadov Rustam , Kleihaus Burkhard , Kunz Jutta , Murodov Sardor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe present wormholes with a Newman–Unti–Tamburino (NUT) charge that arise in certain higher curvature theories, where a scalar field is coupled to a higher curvature invariant. For the invariants we employ (i) a Gauss–Bonnet term and (ii) a Chern–Simons term, which then act as source terms for the scalar field. We map out the domain of existence of wormhole solutions by varying the coupling parameter and the scalar charge for a set of fixed values of the NUT charge. The domain of existence for a given NUT charge is then delimited by the set of scalarized nutty black holes, a set of wormhole solutions with a degenerate throat and a set of singular solutions.
The cross-entropy and improved distance measures for complex q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy sets and their applications in multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Liu Peide , Mahmood Tahir , Ali Zeeshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (Cq-ROFS) is the extension of complex Pythagorean fuzzy set (CPFS) in which the sum of the q-power of the real part (imaginary part) of the support for and the q-power of the real part (imaginary part) of the support against is limited by one; however, it is difficult to express the hesitant information. In this study, the conception of complex q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set (Cq-ROHFS) by combining the Cq-ROFS and hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is proposed, and its properties are discussed, obviously, Cq-ROHFS can reflect the uncertainties in structure and in detailed evaluations. Further, some distance measures (DMs) and cross-entropy measures (CEMs) are developed based on complex multiple fuzzy sets. Moreover, these proposed measures are utilized to solve a multi-criteria decision-making problem based on TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) method. Then, the advantages and superiority of the proposed measures are explained by the experimental results and comparisons with some existing methods.
Sprachwissenschaft als Sinnwissenschaft
Authors: Bär Jochen A. 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beleuchtet das Anliegen und die bisherige fachdisziplinäre Entwicklung der hermeneutischen Linguistik. Als solche wird eine bis in die Methodologie hinein durchgängig auf die Untersuchung des Sinns sprachlicher Äußerungen und seiner Konstitution ausgerichtete Linguistik verstanden. Ausgehend von einer sinnorientierten Perspektivierung des sprachlichen Zeichens, werden eine Verbindung von Semantik und Grammatik diskutiert und Grundzüge eines integrativen Modells umrissen.
Effects of Dufour and thermal diffusion on unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow through an infinite vertical permeable sheet
Authors: Hasanuzzaman Md. , Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Hossain Md. Mosharrof 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of Dufour and thermal diffusion and on unsteady MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) free convection and mass transfer flow through an infinite vertical permeable sheet have been investigated numerically. The non-dimensional governing equations are solved numerically by using the superposition method with the help of “Tec plot” software. The numerical solution regarding the non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and concentration variables against the non-dimensional coordinate variable has been carried out for various values of pertinent numbers and parameters like the suction parameter $$\left( {v_{0} } \right)$$

v
0

, Prandtl number $$\left( {P_{r} } \right)$$

P
r

, magnetic parameter $$\left( M \right)$$

M

, Dufour number $$\left( {D_{f} } \right)$$

D
f

, Soret number $$\left( {S_{0} } \right)$$

S
0

, Schmidt number $$\left( {S_{c} } \right)$$

S
c

, and for constant values of modified local Grashof number $$\left( {G_{{\text{m}}} } \right)$$

G
m

and local Grashof number $$\left( {G_{r} } \right)$$

G
r

.The velocity field decreases for increasing the suction parameter which is focusing on the common fact that the usual suction parameter stabilizing the effect on the boundary layer growth. The thermal boundary layer thickness becomes thinner for rising values of the Dufour and Soret numbers. The skin friction enhances for uplifting values of Soret number and Dufour number but reduces for moving suction parameter, Magnetic force number, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The heat transfer rate increases for increasing the suction parameter, Dufour number, Prandtl number, and Soret number. The mass transfer rate increases for enhancing the values of suction parameter, Magnetic force number, Soret number, and Prandtl number but decreases for Dufour number and Schmidt number.
“If worse comes to worst, my neighbors come first”: social identity as a collective resilience factor in areas threatened by sea floods
Authors: Erfurth Luise M. , Hernandez Bark Alina S. , Molenaar Carin , Aydin Anna Lisa , van Dick Rolf 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch on collective resilience processes still lacks a detailed understanding of psychological mechanisms at work when groups cope with adverse conditions, i.e., long-term processes, and how such mechanisms affect physical and mental well-being. As collective resilience will play a crucial part in facing looming climate change-related events such as floods, it is important to investigate these processes further. To this end, this study takes a novel holistic approach by combining resilience research, social psychology, and an archeological perspective to investigate the role of social identity as a collective resilience factor in the past and present. We hypothesize that social identification buffers against the negative effects of environmental threats in participants, which increases somatic symptoms related to stress, in a North Sea region historically prone to floods. A cross-sectional study (N = 182) was conducted to analyze the moderating effects of social identification on the relations between perceived threat of North Sea floods and both well-being and life satisfaction. The results support our hypothesis that social identification attenuates the relationship between threat perception and well-being, such that the relation is weaker for more strongly identified individuals. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find this buffering effect to be present for life satisfaction. Future resilience studies should further explore social identity as a resilience factor and how it operates in reducing environmental stress put on individuals and groups. Further, to help communities living in flood-prone areas better cope with future environmental stress, we recommend implementing interventions strengthening their social identities and hence collective resilience.
The role of perceptions about trade and inequality in the backlash against globalization
Authors: Dluhosch Barbara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany countries in the Western hemisphere are experiencing a political backlash against globalization. When explaining this phenomenon, much of the extant research draws on the distributional effects of international competition, in particular the opposition to trade by those who are adversely affected. Using cross-sectional data on subjective well-being from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and combing these self-reports with trade and incomes data, this paper contributes to this strand of research by focusing on the subjective element in the formation of anti-trade sentiments. It thus explores how the role of international trade in the income distribution is being perceived at the individual level. Simulations based on the data reveal that matters of income inequality are evaluated differently, depending on how deeply the respective economy is integrated into world markets: results suggest that the extent of trade globalization amplifies any negative effect of income inequality on subjective well-being. If the role of international openness in the income distribution is perceived to be more pronounced than it actually is, the subjective element has wider politico-economic implications; it carries the risk of costly anti-trade policies without necessarily narrowing the income distribution.
Shot noise processes with randomly delayed cluster arrivals and dependent noises in the large-intensity regime
Authors: Li Bo , Pang Guodong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study shot noise processes with cluster arrivals, in which entities in each cluster may experience random delays (possibly correlated), and noises within each cluster may be correlated. We prove functional limit theorems for the process in the large-intensity asymptotic regime, where the arrival rate gets large while the shot shape function, cluster sizes, delays, and noises are unscaled. In the functional central limit theorem, the limit process is a continuous Gaussian process (assuming the arrival process satisfies a functional central limit theorem with a Brownian motion limit). We discuss the impact of the dependence among the random delays and among the noises within each cluster using several examples of dependent structures. We also study infinite-server queues with cluster/batch arrivals where customers in each batch may experience random delays before receiving service, with similar dependence structures.