bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity, low-latency polarization quantum state transmissions over a hollow-core conjoined-tube fiber at around 800  nm
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ding Wei , Wang Ying-Ying , Gao Shou-Fei , Xu Feixiang , Xu Huichao , Hong Yi-Feng , Sun Yi-Zhi , Wang Pu , Lu Yan-Qing , Zhang Lijian 
Published: January 2021

Hollow-core fiber (HCF) promises to unify air-borne light propagation and non-line-of-sight transmission, thus holding great potential for versatile photonics-based quantum information applications. The early version of HCF based on photonic-bandgap guidance has not proven itself a reliable quantum channel because of the poor modal purity in both spatial and polarization domains, as well as significant difficulty in fabrication when the wavelength shifts to the visible region. In this work, based on the polarization degree of freedom, we demonstrate high-fidelity (

∼
0.98

) single-photon transmission and distribution of entangled photons over a 36.4 m hollow-core conjoined-tube fiber (CTF) by using commercial silicon single-photon avalanche photodiodes. Our CTF realizes the combined merits of low loss, high spatial modal purity, low polarization degradation, and low chromatic dispersion. We also demonstrate single-photon low-latency (

∼
99.96
%

speed of light in vacuum) transmission, paving the way for extensive uses of HCF links in versatile photonics-based quantum information processing.
Violence against physicians in Jordan: An analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhamad Ruba , Suleiman Aiman , Bsisu Isam , Santarisi Abeer , Al Owaidat Ahmad , Sabri Albatool , Farraj Mohammad , Al Omar Mohammad , Almazaydeh Rawan , Odeh Ghada , Al mousa Mohammad , Mahseeri Mohamad 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundHigh numbers of violence incidents against physicians are reported annually in both developing and developed countries. In Jordan, studies conducted on healthcare workers involved small number of physicians and showed higher percentages of violence exposure when compared to other investigations from the Middle East. This is a large study aiming to comprehensively analyze the phenomenon in the physicians’ community to optimize future strategies countering it.MethodsThe study has a cross sectional, questionnaire-based design. It targeted 969 doctors from different types of healthcare Jordanian institutions in Amman, between May to July, 2019. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate properties of reported abuse cases in terms of abusers, timing, and type of abuse, in addition to the consequences of this abuse.ResultsPrevalence of exposure to violence in the last year among doctors was 63.1% (611 doctors). 423 (67.2%) of male doctors had an experience of being abused during the last 12 months, compared to 188 (55.3%) of females (p< 0.001). Governmental centers showed the highest prevalence. Among 356 doctors working in governmental medical centers, 268 (75.3%) reported being abused (p< 0.001), and they were more abused verbally (63.5%) and physically (10.4%) compared to other medical sectors (p <0.001). The mean score of how worried doctors are regarding violence at their workplace from 1 to 5 was 3.1 ± 1.3, and only 129 (13.3%) believed that they are protected by law.ConclusionsThe study emphasized on the higher rate of violence against physicians in the governmental sector, in addition to the negative effect of abuse on their performance. Moreover, male physicians had higher incidence of workplace abuse. Therefore, strategies that ease and promote the real application of anti-violence policies should become our future target.
Does parenting style moderate the relationship between parent-youth sexual risk communication and premarital sexual debut among in-school youth in Eswatini?
Authors: Shongwe Mduduzi Colani , Chung Min-Huey , Chien Li-Yin , Chang Pi-Chen 
Published: January 2021

Background
Based on propositions of the contextual model of parenting style, we examined whether there is a relationship between parent-youth sexual risk communication (PYSRC) and premarital sexual debut, and whether this relationship is moderated by the parenting style.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from 462 youth (211 boys and 251 girls) aged 15–24 years in senior grades of three public high schools (two rural and one urban) in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). A hierarchical binary regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between PYSRC and premarital sexual debut, and to test whether parenting style moderates this relationship.

Results
The mean age of participants was 18.9 (±1.85) years, and a slight majority were females (54.3%). About 35.9% of participants reported having had sex (i.e., premarital sexual debut). After adjusting for age, gender, living arrangement, school location, and peer sexual activity, neither PYSRC (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.03) nor parenting style (AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.04) significantly predicted premarital sexual debut in the sample. Likewise, parenting style did not significantly moderate the relationship between PYSRC and premarital sexual debut (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02).

Conclusion
Contrary to propositions of the contextual model of parenting style, in this study, parenting style (authoritativeness) did not moderate the studied relationship, indicating the need for more studies to test the applicability of the contextual model of parenting style in African settings.
The safety and efficacy of doxazosin in medical expulsion therapy for distal ureteric calculi: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Baozhong , Zheng Xiang , Sun Zejia , Cao Peng , Zhang Jiandong , Gao Zihao , Cao Haoyuan , Zhang Feilong , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers can be effectively used in the context of medical expulsion therapy (MET) to treat ureteric stones. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of doxazosin in MET relative to placebo or tamsulosin.

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese Academic Database, and Web of Science databases to select randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared the use of doxazosin with placebo or tamsulosin to treat ureteric stones. All patients we included were limited to those diagnosed with visible stones in the distal ureter. The diameter of ureteric stones does not exceed 10 mm.

Results
Eight trials comparing doxazosin with placebo or tamsulosin containing 667 patients were assessed in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed that doxazosin effectively treated ureteric stones and was better than placebo in terms of efficacy. Relative to the placebo group, the expulsion rate of stones from the distal ureter (OR = 3.00, 95% CI [2.15, 4.19], I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) was significantly increased, and the expulsion time (days) was shortened (mean difference) (MD) = −4.03, 95% CI [−4.53, −3.53], P < 0.00001). The doxazosin group experienced fewer pain episodes (MD = −0.78, CI = [−0.94, −0.23], I2 = 0%, P < 0.00001) than the placebo group. A subgroup analysis showed that the doxazosin group had a higher expulsion rate (of 5–10 mm stones) compared with the placebo group. Although doxazosin resulted in significantly more adverse effects compared with the placebo, the patient’s symptoms were mild and no further medical interventions were required. Moreover, the expulsion time (days) was shorter for patients receiving doxazosin (MD = −0.61, 95% CI [−0.97, −0.24], I2 = 39%, P = 0.001) than those receiving tamsulosin.

Conclusion
Compared with the placebo group, patients receiving doxazosin had a greater expulsion rate, a reduced expulsion time, and fewer pain episodes. The expulsion time of doxazosin was shorter than that of tamsulosin.
Antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Adam Razia Z. , Khan Saadika B. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Denture-induced stomatitis is one form of candidiasis. It is characterised as inflammation and erythema of the oral mucosa underneath the denture-bearing areas and clinically classified into three types according to severity. Denture hygiene, appropriate mouth rinses and the use of antifungal therapy are commonly used to treat the condition, but new technologies are emerging that may assist in its treatment.

Aim
The aim of this systematic review is to determine if silver nanoparticles inhibit the growth of Candida Albicans when included in acrylic dentures and in different denture liners.

Methodology
A protocol was developed and published on PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42019145542) and with the institutional ethics committee (Registration No: BM20/4/1).
The protocol includes all aspects of a systematic review namely: selection criteria, search strategy, selection methods using predetermined eligibility criteria, data collection, data extraction, critical appraisal of included studies, and the intended statistical analyses such as calculating risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and presented at 95% confidence intervals, a meta-analysis, if possible or a narrative report as needed.

Expected results
With rigorous inclusion criteria set and databases identified for searching, appropriate clinical and laboratory studies may be obtained but the results and its interpretation and translation into clinical practice may be a challenge as these depend on the quality of the research.
Off-Label Use of Multitarget Stool DNA Testing in Primary Care
Authors: Agarwal Amol , Zhang Talan , Ravindran Nishal , Thuluvath Paul J. , Maheshwari Anurag 
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
We evaluated the off-label use of multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) testing in the primary care setting.

METHODS:
We reviewed all mt-sDNA orders between July 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, to determine the frequency of off-label mt-sDNA orders.

RESULTS:
Nine hundred two patients with mt-sDNA orders were evaluated, of which 160/902 patients (17.7%) met at least 1 criterion for off-label mt-sDNA order. Increasing age was associated with off-label order (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.32 [95% CI, 1.86–2.89] for every 10-year increase in age, P < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, increased age (OR 1.04 [1.02–1.06], P = 0.001) and need for diagnostic colonoscopy (OR 2.9 [1.01–8.34], P = 0.048) were associated with a positive mt-sDNA result.

DISCUSSION:
Off-label mt-sDNA testing is common, and further efforts are needed to educate patients and providers on appropriate use of mt-sDNA for colorectal cancer screening.
Modulation of phagosome phosphoinositide dynamics by a Legionella phosphoinositide 3‐kinase
Authors: Li Gen , Liu Hongtao , Luo Zhao‐Qing , Qiu Jiazhang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe phagosome harboring the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila is known to be enriched with phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PtdIns4P), which is important for anchoring a subset of its virulence factors and potentially for signaling events implicated in the biogenesis of the Legionella‐containing vacuole (LCV) that supports intracellular bacterial growth. Here we demonstrate that the effector MavQ is a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase that specifically catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) into PtdIns3P. The product of MavQ is subsequently phosphorylated by the effector LepB to yield PtdIns(3,4)P2, whose 3‐phosphate is then removed by another effector SidF to generate PtdIns4P. We also show that MavQ is associated with the LCV and the ∆mavQ mutant displays phenotypes in the anchoring of a PtdIns4P‐binding effector similar to those of ∆lepB or ∆sidF mutants. Our results establish a mechanism of de novo PtdIns4P biosynthesis by L. pneumophila via a catalysis axis comprised of MavQ, LepB, and SidF on the surface of its phagosome.
The Squeeze-out of Minority Shareholders: The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Kolohoida Oleksandra , Lukach Iryna , Poiedynok Valeriia , Prokopiuk Anastasiia 
Published: January 2021

The Ukraine, until recently, did not possess a legal framework for the compulsory sale of minority shareholders shares upon takeover of a joint-stock company (squeeze-out). In 2017, with a view of implementing the Directive 2004/25/EC on takeover bids, the national lawmaker adopted new legislation, enabling a person who had acquired a dominant interest in a joint-stock company to require all remaining shareholders to sell them their shares. Since then, squeeze-outs in Ukraine have become a widespread practice.This paper sheds light onto a range of serious shortcomings of the new law. It became clear that the Ukrainian version of squeeze-out essentially deviates from the course set by the Directive. The situation is further affected by the nearly total absence of the stock market in Ukraine. That results in numerous abuses of the minority shareholders rights and to some extent discredits the ideas of a takeover bid and squeeze-out as such.The authors assess the Ukrainian legal framework for squeeze-out from broader historic and comparative perspectives, identify its faulty points and offer specific steps that need to be taken to bring the Ukrainian squeeze-out practice in line with the European standards.
Echocardiography in the Assessment of Intraventricular Flows and Pressure Gradients in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sandrikov V. А. , Kulagina T. Yu. , Van E. Yu. , Gavrilov A. V. 
Published: January 2021

Aim To evaluate results of myomectomy by intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG) and blood flows in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCMP).Material and methods The study included a total of 76 subjects, 42 patients with OHCMP (mean age, 39±7 years) and 34 healthy volunteers (mean age, 41±3 years). Prior to and after myomectomy, transthoracic echocardiography was performed and followed by digital image processing and calculation of IVPG and left ventricular (LV) vortex flows. Vector analysis was used to estimate the myocardial displacement rate (V), vortex flows, and LV apex-to-base pressure gradients.Results The study showed a dynamic decrease in the LV apex-to-outflow IVPG by more than 50% and recovery of myocardial contraction velocity in the septal area (р<0.001). The decrease in LV cavity pressure gradient serves as an index for evaluating the effectiveness of OHCMP correction. Myomectomy reduces the load on the myocardium and abolishes mitral valve regurgitation with improvement of LV blood flows as also evidenced by the dynamics of long axis velocity change during the cardiac cycle (dL / dt) and the myocardial contraction velocity (V).Conclusion Effectiveness of the surgical correction of OHCMP is based on the dynamics of myocardial contraction velocities, vortex blood flows, and a decrease in LV apex-to-base IVPG.
Safety and Effectiveness of Volumetric Computed Tomography of the Heart in Combination with a PharmacologicaTest with Adenosine Triphosphate in the Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Minasyan A. A. , Soboleva G. N. , Gaman S. A. , Shariya M. A. , Ternovoy S. K. , Karpov Y. A. 
Published: January 2021

Aim To evaluate safety and efficacy of sodium adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a vasodilator in assessment of left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion and in verification of ischemia by cardiac volumetric computed tomography (CT).Material and methods The study included 58 patients with suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD). For all included patients, cardiac volumetric CT with a pharmacological ATP test was performed. The rate of adverse effects was analyzed during the ATP infusion. Results of the study were compared with data from using other noninvasive methods for IHD diagnosis by calculating Cohen’s kappa, the measure of agreement between two variables.Results The test performed during CT showed good tolerability of the ATP infusion, a low rate of moderate adverse reactions (8.6 %), and the absence of severe side effects. Results of diagnosing IHD with cardiac volumetric CT with the ATP pharmacological test were comparable with data from using other methods for noninvasive verification of LV myocardial ischemia (bicycle ergometry, treadmill test, stress echocardiography) in combination with coronarography or CT coronarography.Conclusion ATP appears a safe pharmacological agent for diagnosing transient LV myocardial ischemia. ATP can be recommended as a vasodilator for evaluation of perfusion using cardiac volumetric CT.
Evaluation of antidepressant effects of zoledronate in rats
Authors: Robin Mapranathukaran Devassy , Udaykumar Padmaja 
Published: January 2021

Depression is often associated with low bone mineral density. It has been reported that antidepressants, particularly in elderly people, are a cause of low bone strength and fractures. Also it has been found that the antidepressants targeting the serotonin system are harmful for bone health and induce osteoporosis. A relationship between depression and osteoporosis has become more evident over the years, as reduced bone mineral density has been noticed in both depressed women and men. Aged men are more susceptible to the effects of depression on BMD than older women.It has also been observed from different studies that depressed men have lower bone mineral density than non-depressed men. Studies on animals have also indicated that depression may predispose to osteoporosis.Recent long-term studies have also shown that women with menopausal status are at higher risk of depression and osteoporosis. The positive effects of bisphosphonates, including improvement in anxiety or depression, is an area of research in the recent years. The application of bisphosphonates, especially risedronate, ibandronate and etidronate in the treatment of depression along with osteoporosis is limited and no studies have been done using zoledronate.To evaluate the anti-depressant effect of zoledronate in albino rats.After obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, 18 albino rats weighing 150-250 grams were taken and divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each.Distilled water 10 ml/kg oral; Group B (Standard) Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg oral for 1 week and Group C (Test) – Zoledronate 0.45 mg/kg oral for 1 week.Anti-depressant effect was assessed after 1 week by performing forced swim test and tail suspension test.Data was analysed using one way ANOVA. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Zoledronate (0.45 mg/kg) has shown significant reduction in duration of immobility in both forced swim test (p &#60; 0.05) and tail suspension test (p &#60; 0.05) when compared to control.Results suggest that zoledronate at dose of 0.45 mg/kg has significant anti-depressant effect.
To assess the rationality of pharmacotherapy of patient in clinical situations and validation of questionnaire tool used in rational pharmacotherapy
Authors: Turankar Avinash Vikram , Shetty Ashwita Uday , N Pramoda , Motghare Vijay Motiram , Urade Chetan Shankarrao 
Published: January 2021

: To provide a structured tool to assess rationality based on the 10 domains of Rationality score; To find out the impact of the structured tool for judging the rationality score of Pharmacotherapy in various clinical situations e.g. High, Moderate and Low rationality score.A rationality scale was developed to check the coefficient of variation in each parameter of rationality, on a scale of 1 to 10, acronymed as R.A.T.I.O.N.A.L.I.T.Y.Various clinical cases were discussed and treatment was criticised if any. These cases were then rated according to the rationality scale.High Rationality - Score ≥ 6, Average Rationality – Score &#62; 4 and &#60; 6 & Low Rationality - score ≤ 4.For high rationality score, the top 5 parameter are availability of drugs, lab monitoring, rational combination, Protocol/Regime and if objectives of treatment fulfilled.For average rationality scores, the top 5 parameters are Objective of treatment, Availability of drugs, Treatment correctness, lab monitoring and Protocol/Regime followed.For low rationality, the lowermost 5 parameters were cost of therapy, irrational combination, lab monitoring, use of trade names instead of generic names and availability issues starting from the lowest.Parameters like availability of the drugs, lab monitoring, presence or absence of irrational combinations are critical and common judgement parameters while judging if the therapy is rational or not.
Hallazgo de diclofenaco en un producto fitoterapéutico a base de caléndula comercializado en Colombia
Authors: Stashenko Elena , González Andrés- Fernando , Martínez Jairo- René , Durán Diego- Camilo , Oliveros Cristhian- Andrés , Gualteros Leydé- Katerine , Salgar-Rangel William , Henríquez Juan- Camilo , Rojas Juan- Diego 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: la consulta de un particular que trajo un producto fitoterapéutico a base de caléndula cuyo consumo le causó fuertes reacciones adversas, originó esta investigación sobre la composición de este producto. Objetivo: caracterizar la composición química de muestras de lotes diferentes de un producto comercial denominado fitoterapéutico a base de caléndula (Calendula officinalis) (PFC) comercializado en Colombia. Metodología: se analizaron tabletas de ocho cajas del PFC de cuatro lotes diferentes de producción (2017 y 2018). Se llevó a cabo el análisis de espacio de cabeza (HS) de tabletas por microextracción en fase sólida (SPME), con una fibra PDMS/DVB (65 μm), expuesta al HS de la muestra durante 30 min a 50 °C. Las fracciones volátiles se analizaron por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Los extractos de tabletas obtenidos con mezcla de metanol:agua (1:1, v/v) se analizaron por cromatografía líquida (LC) de alta (HPLC) y ultra-alta eficiencia (UHPLC), con detectores de arreglo de diodos (DAD) y espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (HRMS), respectivamente; la cuantificación de diclofenaco se hizo por calibración con patrón externo y poradición de estándar. Los espectros de masas de baja y alta resolución y patrones de fragmentación de las sustancias detectadas se estudiaron, usando GC/HRMS y LC/HRMS-Orbitrap. Resultados: en tabletas analizadas por HS-SPME, se encontraron monoterpenoides y sesquiterpenoides de origen vegetal, ftalatos, residuos de solventes (2-cloroetanol, etilenglicol) y sustancias químicas intermediarias en la síntesis de diclofenaco (2,6-dicloroanilina y 2,6-cloro-N-fenil-bencenamina). En los cromatogramas, obtenidos por GC/MS de los extractos de tabletas obtenidos con diclorometano, se detectaron diclofenaco, sus impurezas A, B y C, los ésteres de diclofenaco y algunas otras impurezas. Diclofenaco en cantidad ca. 40 mg (7-8%) se cuantificó por HPLC en tabletas (> 70 analizadas) escogidas al azar de ocho cajas del PFC, adquirido en el mercado local de Bucaramanga (Colombia). Conclusión: en cada tableta analizada se determinaron alrededor de 40 mg del compuesto sintético diclofenaco (sustancia no declarada en la etiqueta del producto) y en ninguna se detectaron ésteres de los triterpenoides oleanano o faradiol, constituyentes del extracto de caléndula que poseen actividad antiinflamatoria; se encontraron algunos flavonoides comunes a muchas plantas, en cantidades mil veces menores que la de diclofenaco.