bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nepal–India Relationship After The Rise of Modi
Authors: Kandel Ishwori Prasad 
Published: February 2021

This paper has attempted to define Nepal, being a sovereign country would like to deal with India on an equitable basis. Geographically, culturally and economically, Nepal is closer to India. Nepal also realizes that it can’t ignore its southern neighbor India. The Republic of India and the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal initiated their relationship with the 1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations between the two countries, and an agreement governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian territory. The Indo-Nepal border is open; Nepalese and Indian nationals may move freely across the border without passports or visas and may live and work in either country. However, Indians aren't allowed to own land-properties or work in government institutions in Nepal, while Nepalese nationals in India are allowed to work in Indian government institutions (except in some states and some civil services the IFS, IAS, and IPS). After years of dissatisfaction by the Nepalese government, India in 2014, agreed to revise and adjust the treaty to reflect the current realities, however, the modality of adjustment hasn't been made clear by either side. Due to geographical proximity, socio-cultural affinity and economic dependence of Nepal, India has strong influence on Nepal and its policy decisions.
Modi’s first visit to Nepal in August 2014 as part of his ‘neighbourhood first’ policy was highly successful. He was the first foreign leader to address the Constituent Assembly - the body tasked with drafting Nepal’s new constitution. His remarks drew widespread praise from all Nepalese political parties and seemed to promise a new beginning in India–Nepal relations. Minister Narendra Modi had expressed its displeasure at Nepal’s constitution, a position made clear in a series of statements issued by Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) in New Delhi. Citing MEA sources, Indian Express even circulated a seven-point demand for amendments to the constitution, within days of its promulgation. With the election of nationalistic leader K P Oli as prime minister in Nepal, the rift between Delhi and Kathmandu was widened, and lead to a massive humanitarian crisis, as shortages of fuel, medicines, and essential supplies become acute across Nepal, with no sign of reconciliation in sight.
नेपालको भूमि व्यवस्था : परिचय, प्रकृति–प्रकार र प्रयोग Nepalko Bhumi Byabastha: Parichaya, Prakriti-prakar ra Prayog
Authors: पराजुली Parajuli जगतप्रसाद Jagatprasad 
Published: February 2021

एउटा स्वतन्त्र राज्य बन्न राजनैतिक सिद्धान्तका हिसाबले चारवटा अत्यावश्यक तत्वहरू अपरिहार्य ठानिन्छ । भूभाग, जनता, सरकार र सम्प्रभुता यी तत्वहरूको समन्वयात्मक संरचनाबाट स्वतन्त्र राष्ट्रहरूको अस्तित्व स्थापित हुन्छ। त्यसैकारण राज्य निर्माणमा भूभाग सबैभन्दा प्रमुख, अपरिहार्य र वाञ्छनीय पूर्वाधार हो । यही वस्तुनिष्ठ तथ्यलाई दृष्टिगत गरी राज्यभित्रको अन्तरनिहित सम्पूर्ण जमिन वा भूमिलाई सुव्यवस्थित, सुनिश्चित र सुसंगठित गर्न सरकारलेप्रत्येक ऐतिहासिक युगमा भूमि परिचालनका आधारभूत योजनाहरू र कार्यनीतिहरू समयानुकूल, परिवर्तन र सुधारात्मक प्रयासहरू गरिरहेको देखिन्छ । राज्यभित्रको सम्पूर्ण भूमि राष्ट्रनिहीत हुन्छ र राष्ट्र राजाको अधिनमा रहन्छ । "All landsare upon the Nation and the Nation is upon the King" यही सारगर्भित सन्देश बमोजिम प्राचीन, मध्यकालीन तथा आधुनिक कालमा समेत सरकारी पक्षबाट भूमिलाई उर्वर, उब्जाउमूलक र जमिनलाई आधुनिकीकरणगराउने सिलसिलामा विभिन्न योजना कार्यनीति, सुधारात्मक प्रयासहरू अगाडि बढाएको देखिन्छ ।
Qualities of Household Resilience after 2015 Earthquake: A Study of Dhugin Lamatar
Authors: Paudel Namita 
Published: February 2021

Disasters usually, create unexpected large scale destruction and disruption within short periods of time. Be it an earthquake, floods, or landslides, all explicitly disrupts the general trajectory of people’s lives. After a disaster, people need resilience to recover from the situation. Nepal confronted horrendous seismic tremors on 25 April and 12 May 2015. In such a context, this paper tries to explore what type of household able to stand again and the major objective of this research is to find out the qualities of household resilience in terms of disaster. Furthermore, this article tries to yield the answer to the research question is, How households able to stand again after the 2015 earthquake? Nepal earthquake 2015 destroyed the houses, took the lives of people in Dhugin chowk. Dhugin chowk, Lamatar is carefully chosen for this research because it is the most impacted area among many in the Nepal earthquake 2015.
Random sampling and interview methods are exercised to take the depth information from the field and this research has been conducted using the qualitative method. My finding is: shocks adopting and absorbing the capacity of household help to create disaster resilience which is determined by capital, fixed assets, education, and regular income in the research area.
Residents Perception and Attitude of Tourism Development: A Case Study of Patan Durbar Square the World Heritage Site
Authors: Koirala Narayan 
Published: February 2021

Tourism is growing rapidly and is one of the most important industry in many developing countries. The tourism sector has become major factor of importance in the world GDP because of its rapid growth and development. It is a power force of change in the economy. So, development of tourism influences the development of other sector such as agriculture, food processing, handicraft etc. which can contribute to the well-being of the entire community.
Tourism development is strongly related to local communities. Local people are a key element that helps in the development of tourism. They are the important component that influence the future development of tourism destination. The development of certain area or place is impossible without the help of people living in that area. Therefore, the involvement and participation of local people is very important for the development of any sector.
Tourism development is one of the important components for the economic growth of the country. In this respect, the perception and attitude of local people plays the most important role. So, the present study provides an idea about the tourism development by the local people perception and explore the need of the tourist by identifying their problems and study the involvement of local people for its development.
Based on the survey, the analysis revealed that the facilities like internet, parking facilities, information center, sanitation, safety and security, good food, pure drinking water are the most needed facilities. This study also analyzed that government sector plays a significant role and is required in the development of tourism through infrastructure and hospitality. The infrastructure like road and transport, electricity, water and hospitality like communication, accommodation, and food and beverages. This study also explains that the involvement of local people through various activities like trade and business, maintaining good environment, hospitality, cultural program. The major problems like lack of sanitation, information center, shops in every place in unmanaged way, lack of infrastructure was also revealed by this study.
Factors Influencing Participation In Professional Developmental Activities Among Nursing Personnel
Authors: Silwal Rojeena , Panta Sarita 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Professional Developmental Activities (PDA) are the means to update the health care providers with new knowledge and help them to provide quality care and better patient outcomes. This study aims to determine the factors that influence participation in professional development activities among nursing personnel.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among nurses in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data. Data was collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were analysed for descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 124 nurses participated in the study. Most (88.7%) were working as a staff nurse. Majority (60.5%) of nurses had participated in PDA within last 12 months. The most common factors which motivated nurses to participate in PDA were family / spouse support and improve knowledge (98.7%). The major hindering factors were shortage of staff (97.9%), and lack of cost (91.8%). Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to test the association of selected variables and PDA participation and significant association was seen between participants designation categorised as staff nurse, senior staff nurse and nursing in charge (p < 0.008) and those who were involved in professional developmental activities.
Conclusions: Based on findings, the study concluded that there are several factors either hindering or motivating related to work, family, financial, personal and career that contributes to nurses participation in PDA.
Quality of Labor and Delivery Services: Maternal Satisfaction Study from a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Dhakal Chalise Gita , Shrestha Sabina , Adhikari Bibhav 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Maternal satisfaction is an important indicator for any hospital to measure the quality of labor and delivery services. Satisfaction with the care received during labor and childbirth process influences the decision of institutional delivery for future utilisation. This study aims to identify the satisfaction of postnatal mothers towards labor and delivery service in a selected hospital.
Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Non-probabilistic purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample. A total of 54 postnatal mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. It was adapted from Donabedian Model and Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) Scale focusing on four aspects i.e. health institution related aspect, interpersonal aspects of care, abuse free care and informative aspects of care in five-point Likert scales. Data were coded, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 for windows.
Results: In this study, 79.6% of the postnatal mothers were satisfied with the overall aspects of the labor and delivery services. The component wise results show that 94.4% were satisfied in health institution related aspects while in the interpersonal aspect, 92.6% were satisfied. Similarly, all sampled mothers were satisfied with the abuse-free care system of the health institution. In informative aspects of care, 87% were satisfied and the rest (13%) were dissatisfied.
Conclusions: Although the majority of mothers were satisfied, there were dissatisfaction in regards to availability of drinking water, the behaviour of staffs and the health education provided to them. By improving these aspects, quality of service will improve and thus increase women's satisfaction with care received.
Pterygium Excision with Sutureless, Glueless Conjunctival Autograft
Authors: Dhakal Sachit , Thapa Kamala , Sharan Niranjan 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Pterygium is a common condition and various surgical techniques have been described for its excision, of which autografting is seen to have very less recurrence. Graft fixation with fibrin glue is gaining popularity, but autologous serum might be a cheaper alternative. This study was planned to explore the efficacy of autologous serum as a stabilising agent for graft surgery in pterygium.
Methods: The hospital data of patients who underwent pterygium surgery with autografting using autologous serum in the Department of Ophthalmology of Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal between Oct 2015 to Sept 2017 were retrospectively analysed. The graft stability post-surgery was studied.
Results: 46 eyes of 46 patients underwent pterygium surgery with autograft using autologous serum. The male to female ratio was 1.08:1, and the mean age was 45 years. All the pterygium were nasal sided. Post-operatively the graft was stable in all of the cases.
Conclusions: Autologous serum is a good stabilising agent for graft surgery in pterygium.
Motywy tanatyczne i audialne w opowieści Diny Rubiny Высокая вода венецианцев
Authors: Siemońska Olga Paulina 
Published: February 2021

Utwór Diny Rubiny Высокая вода венецианцев (1999) wyróżnia na tle tekstu weneckiego literatury rosyjskiej dzięki szczegółowym opisom krajobrazu dźwiękowego miasta. Celem artykułu jest analiza fonosfery weneckiej w opowiadaniu Rubiny z wykorzystaniem sensorycznej geografii literackiej, a także sound studies (badań nad dźwiękiem). Analiza poszczególnych opisów zjawisk dźwiękowych ujawnia, że przyczyną, dla której Rubina zwraca szczególną uwagę na audiosferę miasta, jest przede wszystkim muzyczne wykształcenie pisarki. Okazuje się również, że obraz Wenecji, w tym jej audiosfery, ukazany jest w tekście przez pryzmat tradycji literackiej, zgodnie z którą Wenecja jest przedstawiana jako „miasto śmierci”, „miasto umierające”, „miasto umierających”.
Agnieszka Matusiak, Wyjść z milczenia. Dekolonialne zmagania kultury i literatury ukraińskiej XXI wieku z traumą posttotalitarną
Authors: Bakuła Bogusław 
Published: February 2021

rec. Agnieszka Matusiak, Wyjść z milczenia. Dekolonialne zmagania kultury i literatury ukraińskiej XXI wieku z traumą posttotalitarną
Effect of Imidacloprid and Acephate for Tobacco Thrips (Thysonaptera: Thripidae) Management on Flumioxazin Injured Peanut
Authors: Moor J. C. , Gore J. , Catchot A. , Cook D. , Crow W. D. , Dodds D. M. , Sarver J. M. , Towles T. B. , Zurweller B. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Stoneville and Starkville Mississippi to determine the impact of different insecticide management options for thrips on herbicide injured peanut. Insecticide treatments included imidacloprid in-furrow at-planting, one or two foliar applications of acephate, and an untreated control with and without an application of flumioxazin. In Stoneville, herbicide applications were made immediately following planting, and in Starkville, applications were made as plants were emerging to maximize herbicide injury. The Stoneville experiment also had an additional factor in which plots were flooded or not flooded to simulate a heavy rainfall in order to maximize herbicide injury and also to give added stress from saturated soils. Thrips counts, thrips injury ratings, plant vigor ratings, plant biomass, width between plant canopies, and yield were recorded. Few interactions were observed, but temporary flooding, herbicide injury, and thrips injury affected peanut growth as measured by biomass and canopy. Imidacloprid was the most consistent insecticide treatment for reducing thrips numbers and injury, but acephate provided some protection. Temporary flooding during the seedling stage, flumioxazin injury, and thrips injury all reduced peanut pod yield. Based on these results, every attempt should be made to minimize early season stress in peanuts including the use of an effective in-furrow insecticide.
Planting Date Effect upon Leaf spot Disease and Pod Yield across Years and Peanut Genotypes
Authors: Branch W. D. , Brown I.N. , Culbreath A.K. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
During 2012, 2015, and 2018 a set of 18 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (some common and some different) were used to evaluate the effect of planting dates (April, May, and June) on leaf spot disease and pod yield. Within each year, the same genotypes were grown during the three planting dates at the Gibbs Farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA using a randomized complete block design with five replications without fungicides or insecticides but with irrigation. Each year, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found among the genotypes within each of these three planting dates for leaf spot disease ratings (0-9 scale) and pod yields. ‘Georganic' in 2012 and 2015; and GA 132705, ‘Georgia-19HP', and ‘Georgia-14N' in 2018 had among the lowest leaf spot ratings. ‘Georgia-12Y' had the highest average pod yield for each year of the three years. Each year during this study, the April planting date had the lowest, and the June planting date had the highest leaf spot disease ratings. Percent coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently lower at the June planting date which suggest the least variability among the peanut genotypes. In the overall average of genotypes, the April planting date resulted in the highest pod yield and the June planting date had the lowest average pod yield. In summary, April planting dates resulted in the highest pod yields, and the lowest leaf spot ratings across each of the three years.
Hermetic Storage of Shelled Peanut Using the Purdue Improved Crop Storage Bags1
Authors: Butts C.L. , Dean L.L. , Hendrix K.W. , Arias De Ares R.S. , Sorensen R.B. , Lamb M.C. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Low oxygen or hermetic storage has been successfully used to store several commodities such as corn (Zea mays L.), cowpea (Vigna Savi), cocoa (Theobroma cocao), coffee (Coffea L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, previous research using hermetic storage for peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) had mixed results. Research was conducted to determine the effect on aflatoxin contamination, seed germination, and oil chemistry of shelled peanut hermetically stored in the Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for up to 12 months. A 2 × 4 factorial study included 1) normal and high oleic peanut, 2) two initial moisture contents by four storage treatments. The four storage treatments were 1) burlap bags as the control, 2) PICS bags, 3) PICS bags with air extracted by vacuum, and 4) PICS bags with sachets of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) dry fumigant added. There were three replications of each treatment combination. Peanut was stored in an area maintained at a temperature above 21C. The initial seed germination of the normal oleic and high oleic peanuts was 77 and 80%, respectively. Initial aflatoxin concentration in all peanut was less than 2 μg/kg. Bags were opened, sampled, and resealed at 60, 159, 249, and 301 d of storage. Approximately half of the 12 burlap bags suffered significant rodent damage, and all had significant infestation by Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). Only 4 PICS bags had rodent damage with damage limited to the outer polypropylene bag. There were no live insects in the PICS bags. Seed germination decreased for all samples to an average of 6.3%. Peanut stored in the burlap bags had an average germination of 19.2% compared to 2.1% for peanut stored in PICS bags. The aflatoxin concentration in one of the burlap bags with normal oleic peanuts was 75 μg/kg, and one of the PICS bags with high oleic peanuts had an aflatoxin concentration of 12 μg/kg. The remaining samples had aflatoxin below the detectable limit of 2 μg/kg.
Pengaruh Pelarut Metanol terhadap Alumunium sebagai Wadah Obat Salep Mata
Authors: Widodo Hernowo , Warta Joni , Ulfah Maria , Annisa Amaliah 
Published: February 2021

Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of a material or metal due to electrolyte reactions in the environment that affect the life of the material. Corrosion rate is the speed of propagation or speed of decline in the quality of a material with time. Corrosion processes occur in acidic environments, sea water, rain water, and soil are the result of chemical reactions that are also caused by electrochemical processes. The purpose of this study is to determine the corrosion resistance of aluminum metal to variations in the solution of Methanol (CH3OH). This study uses aluminum plates that will be immersed 5 days with a solution of Methanol (CH3OH). How to collect data by testing the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) on each aluminum plate specimen that has been treated with corrosion by heating at a temperature of 60 oC. Methanol solution is one of the factors causing corrosion of metals. If in the free environment, air, temperature, and acidic substances are most commonly found as a factor causing corrosion. The increased corrosion rate is due to the higher concentration of the cause of corrosion. In this discussion Methanol as the concentration used, and aluminum as the metal tested.
PENINGKATAN PELUANG BISNIS STRATEGIS PADA PEMASANGAN SPM DAN JALUR PIPA BAWAH LAUT PROYEK SUPPLY AVTUR KE BANDARA SOEKARNO HATTA DARI REFINERY UNIT-VI BALONGAN
Authors: Edy Edy Soesanto 
Published: February 2021

Increasing business opportunities from an economic aspect that includes the financial performance of the Refinery Unit VI is very important to manage. Good financial performance will support the company's business continuity, and also have a positive impact on stakeholders. Refinery Unit VI's commitment to improving financial performance is very high, and strives to achieve predetermined key performance indicators (KPI). Refinery Unit VI measures the achievement of KPI regularly every quarter as part of the evaluation.
Targets related to current economic performance are the achievement of KPIs on Refinery Gross Margin and Net Margin. The person in charge for recording and reporting financial performance is under the Financial Function. Refinery Unit VI uses Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICoFR) to control financial reports, where each function that has the authorization uploads it on the ICoFR web system. In 2017, Refinery Unit VI succeeded in 100% compliance with the IcoFR.
The realization of the Refinery Unit VI financial performance from 2015 was always above the target despite fluctuations in product prices. This is a good thing, supported by the achievement of the increasing Gross Refinery Margin and Net Margin from 2015–2017. Refinery Unit VI has continuously succeeded in improving financial performance and achieving the highest Gross Refinery Margin among all Refinery Units owned by PT Pertamina (Persero).
The installation of SPM and subsea pipelines is the target of increasing the Refinery Unit VI development program.