bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting life outside our solar system with a large high-contrast-imaging mission
Authors: Snellen Ignas A. G. , Snik F. , Kenworthy M. , Albrecht S. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Baraffe I. , Baudoz P. , Benz W. , Beuzit J.-L. , Biller B. , Birkby J. L. , Boccaletti A. , van Boekel R. , de Boer J. , Brogi Matteo , Buchhave L. , Carone L. , Claire M. , Claudi R. , Demory B.-O. , Désert J.-M. , Desidera S. , Gaudi B. S. , Gratton R. , Gillon M. , Grenfell J. L. , Guyon O. , Henning T. , Hinkley S. , Huby E. , Janson M. , Helling C. , Heng K. , Kasper M. , Keller C. U. , Krause O. , Kreidberg L. , Madhusudhan N. , Lagrange A.-M. , Launhardt R. , Lenton T. M. , Lopez-Puertas M. , Maire A.-L. , Mayne N. , Meadows V. , Mennesson B. , Micela G. , Miguel Y. , Milli J. , Min M. , de Mooij E. , Mouillet D. , N’Diaye M. , D’Orazi V. , Palle E. , Pagano I. , Piotto G. , Queloz D. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Ruane G. , Selsis F. , Sozzetti A. , Stam D. , Stark C.C. , Vigan A. , de Visser Pieter 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this White Paper, which was submitted in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) Voyage 2050 Call, we recommend the ESA plays a proactive role in developing a global collaborative effort to construct a large high-contrast imaging space telescope, e.g. as currently under study by NASA. Such a mission will be needed to characterize a sizable sample of temperate Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of nearby Sun-like stars and to search for extraterrestrial biological activity. We provide an overview of relevant European expertise, and advocate ESA to start a technology development program towards detecting life outside the Solar System.
Structure, thermal and mechanical properties of copoly(ester amide)s based on 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid
Authors: Zubkiewicz Agata , Irska Izabela , Miadlicki Piotr , Walkowiak Konrad , Rozwadowski Zbigniew , Paszkiewicz Sandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this work, new bio-based copoly(ester amide)s were synthesized by a two-step melt polycondensation process, using 2,5-furanedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester (DMFDC), 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), with different DAP content. The chemical structure of the obtained poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-co-poly(propylene furanamide) (PTF-co-PPAF) copolymers was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to provide more details of the polycondensation process. Thermal properties of the obtained materials were characterized by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic–mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The copolymers were amorphous and their glass transition temperature increased with the increase in the poly(propylene furanamide) (PPAF) content. The synthesized PTF-co-PPAF copolymers exhibited improved thermal and thermo-oxidative stability up to 300 °C. In addition, from the performed mechanical tests, it was found that along with the increase in PPAF content, Young's modulus increased, while at the same time, the value of elongation at break decreased.
Graphical Abstract
A note on completely positive relaxations of quadratic problems in a multiobjective framework
Authors: Eichfelder Gabriele , Groetzner Patrick 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn a single-objective setting, nonconvex quadratic problems can equivalently be reformulated as convex problems over the cone of completely positive matrices. In small dimensions this cone equals the cone of matrices which are entrywise nonnegative and positive semidefinite, so the convex reformulation can be solved via SDP solvers. Considering multiobjective nonconvex quadratic problems, naturally the question arises, whether the advantage of convex reformulations extends to the multicriteria framework. In this note, we show that this approach only finds the supported nondominated points, which can already be found by using the weighted sum scalarization of the multiobjective quadratic problem, i.e. it is not suitable for multiobjective nonconvex problems.
Choice-Driven Counterfactuals
Authors: Canavotto Ilaria , Pacuit Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the semantics and logic ofchoice-driven counterfactuals, that is, of counterfactuals whose evaluation relies on auxiliary premises about how agents are expected to act,i.e., about theirdefault choice behavior. To do this, we merge one of the most prominent logics of agency in the philosophical literature, namely stit logic (Belnap et al. 2001; Horty 2001), with the well-known logic of counterfactuals due to Stalnaker (1968) and Lewis (1973). A key component of our semantics for counterfactuals is to distinguish betweendeviantandnon-deviantactions at a moment, where an action available to an agent at a moment is deviant when its performance does not agree with the agent’s default choice behavior at that moment. After developing and axiomatizing a stit logic with action types, instants, and deviant actions, we study the philosophical implications and logical properties of two candidate semantics for choice-driven counterfactuals, one calledrewind modelsinspired by Lewis (Nous13(4), 455–476 1979) and the other calledindependence modelsmotivated by well-known counterexamples to Lewis’s proposal Slote (Philos. Rev.87(1), 3–27 1978). In the last part of the paper we consider how to evaluate choice-driven counterfactuals at moments arrived at by some agents performing a deviant action.
Characteristics of Suprathermal Electrons in Small-Scale Magnetic Flux Ropes and Their Implications on the Magnetic Connection to the Sun
Authors: Choi Kyung-Eun , Lee Dae-Young , Wang Hee-Eun , Lee Seunguk , Kim Kyung-Chan , Park Kyung Sun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmall-scale magnetic flux ropes (SMFRs) are observed more frequently than larger-scale magnetic flux ropes (e.g., magnetic clouds) in interplanetary space. We selected 235 SMFRs by applying cylindrical linear force-free fitting to 20-year observations of the Wind satellite, which meets the criteria of low beta, low temperature, an enhanced magnetic field, and a rotation feature. By examining the pitch angle distribution of suprathermal electrons for these events, we found that approximately 45.1% of the SMFRs were accompanied by unidirectional beams (strahl). A much smaller percentage of SMFRs (∼10.7%) were associated with bidirectional beams. We also found a small percentage (∼7.2%) of (sunward) conic distributions during SMFR events. Last, the remaining ∼37.0% of SMFRs were associated with complex electron distributions. The unidirectional beams and most of the conics (together corresponding to ∼50% of the total 235 SMFRs) imply open-field SMFRs with only one end connected to the Sun. For ∼37.7% of the unidirectional beam SMFRs, the local IMF field polarity was orthogonal or inverted (possibly due to interchange reconnection). Based on the solar wind conditions around the bidirectional beams, we suggest that more than half of the bidirectional beams were not necessarily closed-field-line SMFRs.
Controlling Friction and Wear with Anisotropic Microstructures in MoN-Coated Surfaces
Authors: Schulz W. , Köhn F. , Kolb D. , Balzer M. , Riegel H. , Albrecht J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study considers anisotropic microstructures with typical dimensions of a few 10 µm which have been created on steel surfaces by laser surface texturing (LST). It is shown that the subsequent deposition of thin molybdenum nitride coatings by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) leads to surfaces that conserve the surface microstructures and exhibit a remarkably large resistance against mechanical wear. Tribological experiments with steel counter bodies are substantially influenced by the relative orientation of the structures and the wear track. Both friction and wear are shown to be modified by more than 30%, with the main effect being the removal of abrasion particles from the mechanical contact. Experiments with alumina counter bodies that hardly provide wear particles show that the orientation has no effect on the abrasion of the counter body. The novelty of the article lies in the combination of MoN coatings with surface texturing.
Designing policy framework for sustainable development in Next-5 largest economies amidst energy consumption and key macroeconomic indicators
Authors: Bekun Festus Victor , Adedoyin Festus Fatai , Lorente Daniel Balsalobre- , Driha Oana M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Global travel and tourism have enjoyed a significant boost due to the progress in air transport. However, the debate on air transport and the influx of foreign investments and global energy demand on economic development remains questionable. Therefore, this study is an attempt to contribute to the body of knowledge in the energy-tourism-led growth hypothesis literature. For this purpose, a novel approach to the effects of international tourism on economic growth is introduced for the Next-5 largest economies, namely (China, India, Indonesia, Turkey and the USA) between 1990 and 2018. Empirical results reveal a positive connection between foreign direct investment and income levels, electricity production and income levels, as well as between urbanization and economic growth. Moreover, the validation of the environmental Kuznets curve and the halo effect of foreign direct investment on the environmental degradation process provides a shred of more substantial evidence and fitting environmental instruments for policymakers. The empirical results encourage sustainable economic growth in these countries, mainly through the attraction of clean and high-technology foreign investment, the increase of the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix and the regulation in the tourism industry. The novel contribution of this study to the empirical literature is the unification in the same research of the TLGH and the EKC for the Next-5 largest economies, establishing recommendations for tourism, energy efficiency and environmental correction process.
Does poverty promote a different and harmful way of thinking? The links between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors
Authors: Caballero Amparo , Fernández Itziar , Aguilar Pilar , Muñoz Dolores , Carrera Pilar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe tested the relationships between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors. We manipulated the lack of economic resources using a priming task in Studies 1 and 2, and participants reported their real income and completed the BIF scale to measure their construal level in Study 3. Studies 1–3 supported the link between perceived economic scarcity and the concrete construal level. Study 4 demonstrated the mediating role played by the concrete construal level in the influence of economic scarcity on risk behaviors using two opposite priming procedures (scarcity plus abstraction). Study 5, in a real context of economic vulnerability, supported the link between concrete mindset and risk behavioral intentions, while abstraction was associated with fewer risk intentions. Concrete thinking implies focusing on the immediate situation, which might facilitate adaptation to the demanding conditions that characterize scarcity contexts but leaves people without a broad perspective of the future to make safe decisions in situations that involve self-control, such as health-risk behaviors. Because an abstract construal level can be induced, these findings open up challenging ways to improve the conditions in which people in scarcity contexts make some behavioral decisions while we continue working to reduce situations of economic scarcity.
Evaluation of the instrumented Timed Up and Go test as a tool to measure exercise intervention effects in nursing home residents: results from a PROCARE substudy
Authors: Klotzbier Thomas Jürgen , Korbus Heide , Johnen Bettina , Schott Nadja 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background and objectives
To achieve independence in activities of daily living, a certain level of functional ability is necessary. The instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test provides guidance for appropriate interventions, for example, when considering the subphases within the TUG. Therefore, we evaluated the iTUG as a tool to measure the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention on the iTUG subphases in nursing home residents.

Methods
Fifty long-term nursing home residents (34 women, 82.7 ± 6.46 [65–91] years; 16 men, 78.6 ± 7.0 [62–90] years) performed the iTUG test before and after a 16-week intervention period (2 × 45–60 min/week). According to the attendance rates, participants were divided into three groups.

Results
The total iTUG duration decreased from baseline to posttest, F(2,46) = 3.50, p = 0.038, η2p = 0.132. We observed significant correlations between the attendance rates and the total iTUG duration (r(50) = 0.328, p = 0.010). However, we did not observe significant group × time interaction effects in the subphases. The Barthel Index moderated the effect between attendance rate and the total duration of the iTUG test, ΔR2 = 8.34%, F(1,44) = 4.69, p = 0.036, 95% CI [0.001, 0.027].

Conclusions
We confirmed the effectiveness of the iTUG as a tool to measure exercise intervention effects in nursing home residents, especially when participants exhibit high attendance rates. That said, mobility needs to be considered in a more differentiated way, taking into account parameters in the subphases to detect changes more sensitively and to derive recommendations in a more individualized way.
Quantum mechanical four-dimensional non-polarizing beamsplitter
Authors: Kryvobok Artem , Kathman Alan D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSome quantum optics researchers might not realize that classical electromagnetism predicts a $$\mathbf {\pi }$$
π
phase shift between S- and P-polarized reflection and might think the reflection coefficients of the transverse modes are independent, or that such a phase shift has no measurable consequences. In this paper, we discuss theoretical grounds to define elements of a 4x4 matrix to represent the beamsplitter, accurately accounting for transverse polarization modes and phase relations between them. We also provide experimental evidence confirming this matrix representation. From a scientific point of view, the paper addresses a non-trivial equivalence between the classical fields Fresnel formalism and the canonical commutation relations of the quantized photonic fields. That the formalism can be readily verified with a simple experiment provides further benefit. The beamsplitter expression derived can be applied in the field of quantum computing.
Advance care planning and advance directives: an overview of the main critical issues
Authors: Sedini Cristina , Biotto Martina , Crespi Bel’skij Lorenza M. , Moroni Grandini Roberto Ercole , Cesari Matteo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process that guarantees the respect of the patient’s values and priorities about his/her future care at the end of life. It consists of multiple conversations with the health professional that may lead to the completion of Advance Directives (AD), a set of legal documents helpful to clinicians and family members for making critical decisions on behalf of the patient, whereas he/she might become incapable. Over the past years, ACP has become particularly relevant for the growth of chronic diseases, the increase in life expectancy, and the growing attention paid to the patient’s decisional autonomy. Several nations have introduced specific regulations of ACP and AD. However, their diffusion is accompanied by unforeseen limitations and issues, burdening their complete and systematic adoption. The present article describes several controversial aspects of ACP and some of the most significant challenges in end-of-life care.
Unbundling Strategic Change in Family Firms: the Influence of Familiness on the Strategic Change Process
Authors: Belling Moritz , Pidun Ulrich , zu Knyphausen-Aufseß Dodo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe viability and adaptation of family firms is a key research area owing to the longevity and transgenerational vision of the family. Throughout their development, firms transition through strategic change episodes with a potentially significant impact on their performance and survival. In this article, we combine family firm with strategic change research to propose how familiness supports or limits strategic change. We put forward three tendencies of family firms in their ability to deal with strategic change. First, familiness creates an overemphasis on the cognition of gradual change triggers but limits the cognition of radical change triggers. Second, familiness creates a tendency to inappropriately scope and dimension strategic change in radical change episodes to protect the value of legacy resources. Third, familiness supports endurance during strategic change implementation while also creating a tendency to be too slow or stubborn when implementing an insufficient change decision.
Populäre Kultur, populäre Religion und die Refiguration der Gesellschaft
Authors: Knoblauch Hubert 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag soll der Begriff der populären Religion in einem soziologischen Zusammenhang erläutert und ins Verhältnis zu dem setzen, was als populäre Kultur bezeichnet wird. Dabei sollen nicht nur die Unzulänglichkeiten des Konzeptes der populären Kultur angeschnitten werden. Auch der Begriff der populären Religion bedarf einer weiteren Ausarbeitung. Dabei ist neben der zunehmenden Marktorientierung der Religion und ihrer Verbindung mit den Massenmedien vor allem die digitale Mediatisierung hervorzuheben. die nicht nur die Religion verändert. Die damit einhergehenden Veränderungen werden als „Refiguration“ skizziert. Diese wurde bisher mit Blick auf gesamtgesellschaftliche Phänomene wie auch auf räumliche Veränderungen untersucht und soll hier – in einem ersten, kurzen und vorläufigen Entwurf – nun auf die religiöse Entwicklung übertragen werden.
Qualitative Aspects in Nonlocal Dynamics
Authors: Coclite G. M. , Dipierro S. , Fanizza G. , Maddalena F. , Romano M. , Valdinoci E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate, through numerical studies, the dynamical evolutions encoded in a linear one-dimensional nonlocal equation arising in peridynamics. The different propagation regimes ranging from the hyperbolic to the dispersive, induced by the nonlocal feature of the equation, are carefully analyzed. The study of an initial value Riemann-like problem suggests the formation of a singularity.
A Systematic Review of the Core Components of Language Learning Strategy Research in Taiwan
Authors: Thomas Nathan , Bowen Neil E. J. A. , Reynolds Barry Lee , Osment Christopher , Pun Jack K. H. , Mikolajewska Agata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs the broader field of individual differences in second/foreign language learning has grown tremendously over the past few decades, its subfields have expanded with a similar intensity. Language learning strategies (LLS) is one such area. Developments have been made regarding the scope and methodology of LLS research, especially. While there have been a number of reviews of the field’s output, few have targeted research in a specific context. With this in mind, the current study offers a situated view of LLS research in Taiwan. It focuses on three core components that are essential to empirical research: (a) contexts and participant characteristics; (b) theoretical-conceptual aspects; and (c) methodological characteristics. Drawing on journal articles systematically collected from major databases and reviews conducted by multiple researchers to ensure reliability and to minimize bias, we provide an overview of the field as it has manifested in Taiwan. Findings from select studies are also discussed. In doing so, this article makes connections between LLS research in Taiwan and the larger, global context, with implications for "the road ahead." We hope it will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in reading about and/or conducting LLS research in this setting and others.
Fatty Liver Index is Positively Associated with Arterial Stiffness in a Chinese Cohort Undergoing Health Assessment
Authors: Hu Yueliang , Chao Huijuan , Zhao Jiehui , Wang Qian , Tang Biwen , Tan Isabella , Butlin Mark , Avolio Alberto , Chen Peizhan , Zuo Junli 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
Nonalcoholic fatty fiver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver injury closely related to insulin resistance. Fatty liver index (FLI) can be used as a surrogate marker and is a validated index for NAFLD. This study aimed to explore the relationship between FLI and arterial stiffness in a Chinese population.

Methods
From December 2017 to March 2019, 402 inpatients (mean age 51.12 ± 11.95 years) were recruited for cardiovascular disease screening at Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai. Measurement of brachial systolic, diastolic, mean, and pulse pressure was done with cuff sphygmomanometry and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured (SphygmoCor) to assess arterial stiffness.

Results
Subjects were divided into three groups according to their FLI < 30, normal; 30–59, intermediate fatty liver index; ≥ 60, NAFLD. The proportion of subjects with hepatic steatosis (FLI ≥ 60), intermediate FLI (30–59), and no steatosis (FLI < 30) was 34.4%, 31.8%, and 33.8%, respectively. The male population (53.9%) had significantly higher FLI levels (p < 0.05). Subjects with FLI ≥ 60 had higher cfPWV (8.41 ± 1.77 m/s) than those with FLI < 30 (7.81 ± 1.83 m/s; p = 0.006). cfPWV was positively correlated with logFLI (r = 0.168, p = 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, mean arterial blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, heart rate, and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), FLI remained positively associated with cfPWV (β = 0.097, p = 0.024).

Conclusion
cfPWV, as a measure of arterial stiffness, is higher in the NAFLD group when compared to that in normal groups. Fatty liver index is positively associated with arterial stiffness in a Chinese population.
How to Record Current Events like an Archaeologist
Authors: Magnani Matthew , Venovcevs Anatolijs , Farstadvoll Stein , Magnani Natalia 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThis article shows how to record current events from an archaeological perspective. With a case study from the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, we provide accessible tools to document broad spatial and behavioral patterns through material culture as they emerge. Stressing the importance of ethical engagement with contemporary subjects, we adapt archaeological field methods—including geolocation, photography, and three-dimensional modeling—to analyze the changing relationships between materiality and human sociality through the crisis. Integrating data from four contributors, we suggest that this workflow may engage broader publics as anthropological data collectors to describe unexpected social phenomena. Contemporary archaeological perspectives, deployed in rapid response, provide alternative readings on the development of current events. In the presented case, we suggest that local ways of coping with the pandemic may be overshadowed by the materiality of large-scale corporate and state response.