bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstituting C-Centered Hexagold(I) Clusters with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands
Authors: Lei Zhen , Pei Xiao-Li , Ube Hitoshi , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ubiquitous intramolecular aurophilic interactions in gold clusters have usually been assigned as the main determinants of their molecular geometry and various properties. By utilizing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands instead of phosphine ligands which have been exclusively used, we have developed ligand-specific photophysical properties of C-centered hexagold(I) (C@Au6) clusters. This account describes the recent development of carbene-protected C@Au6 clusters. First of all, a strong intramolecular C–H⋯Au interaction was found as a key structural feature of these clusters. These are also present in the newly emerged NHC-gold nanoclusters, but are negligible in the phosphine counterparts. Interestingly, the use of NHC ligands also produces clusters with a nearly identical metal kernel, but their luminescence changes significantly. In addition, a simple extension of the π-conjugated system of NHCs from imidazolylidene to benzimidazolylidene is expected to produce significant changes in both absorption coefficient and emission wavelength. These results show the promising potential of carbene ligands in character modulation of metal clusters, and may help in the rational design of carbene ligands for constructing functional metal clusters.
Prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in relation to preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Kang SY , Ahn HR , Youn HJ , Jung SH 
Published: March 2021

Introduction It has been established that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulates the growth and development of thyroid malignancy, and a higher serum TSH level is associated with the incidence of thyroid cancer and an advanced tumour stage. This study aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism with the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods A total of 466 patients who underwent surgery for PTC between December 2006 and June 2009 were enrolled. Among them, 44 patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, while 422 did not have subclinical hypothyroidism, as diagnosed using the preoperative thyroid function test. We compared the recurrence rate and association with clinicopathological features in the two groups. Results The median patient age was 46.9 years (17–74 years). There were 420 female and 46 male patients. The median follow-up duration was 81.4 months. There were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, tumour size, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, lymph node metastasis, TNM stages, recurrence and disease-free survival, despite a significant difference in the average TSH concentrations of the two groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that preoperative subclinical hypothyroidism was not associated with tumour aggressiveness and recurrence in PTC.
Laparoscopic vs open surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what are the risks?
Authors: Hadjittofi C , Seraj SS , Uddin A , Ali ZJ , Antonas PL , Fisher RJ , Parekh KP , Lovett B , Ahmad A 
Published: March 2021

Introduction The initial intercollegiate surgical guidance from the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes to practice. Avoidance of laparoscopy was recommended, to reduce aerosol generation and risk of virus transmission. Evidence on the safety profile of laparoscopy during the pandemic is lacking. This study compares patient outcomes and risk to staff from laparoscopic and open gastrointestinal operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Single-centre retrospective study of gastrointestinal operations performed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographic, comorbidity, perioperative and survival data were collected from electronic medical records and supplemented with patient symptoms reported at telephone follow up. Outcomes assessed were: patient mortality, illness among staff, patient COVID-19 rates, length of hospital stay and postdischarge symptomatology. Results A total of 73 patients with median age of 56 years were included; 55 (75%) and 18 (25%) underwent laparoscopic and open surgery, respectively. All-cause mortality was 5% (4/73), was related to COVID-19 in all cases, with no mortality after laparoscopic surgery. A total of 14 staff members developed COVID-19 symptoms within 2 weeks, with no significant difference between laparoscopic and open surgery (10 vs 4; p=0.331). Median length of stay was shorter in the laparoscopic versus the open group (4.5 vs 9.9 days; p=0.011), and postdischarge symptomatology across 15 symptoms was similar between groups (p=0.135–0.814). Conclusions With appropriate protective measures, laparoscopic surgery is safe for patients and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. The laparoscopic approach maintains an advantage of shorter length of hospital stay compared with open surgery.
The role of self-expanding vascular stent in superior vena cava syndrome for advanced tumours
Authors: Irace L , Martinelli O , Gattuso R , Mingoli A , Fiori E , Alunno A , Di Girolamo A , Crocetti D , Sapienza P 
Published: March 2021

Introduction Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome (SVCS) is a life-threatening occurrence that necessitates prompt treatment. At present, endovascular stenting is proposed as a first-line treatment to relieve symptoms. We assessed the effectiveness, safety and outcome of SVC stent positioning in patients affected with advanced cancer. Methods Forty-two patients undergoing stent positioning in the SVC for neoplasms from January 2002 to December 2018 form the basis of this retrospective study. Demographic data, risk factors, associated diseases, symptoms at presentation according to the score proposed by Kishi and the type of SVCS according to Sanford and Doty were collected. Minor and major complications were recorded. Suspected stent occlusion was confirmed by means of recurrence of symptoms followed by a confirmatory computed tomography (CT). Results Thirty-four (81%) patients had a nonresectable lung tumour invading or compressing the SVC. Five (12%) patients had a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and three (7%) had metastatic lymphadenopathies. Nitinol stents (Memotherm®) were employed in 19 (45%) patients, and steel stents (Wallstent™) in the remaining 23 (55%) patients. Thirty-five (85%) patients died during follow up for disease progression and the overall survival rate at 24 months was 11% (standard error (SE)=0.058). Thirteen patients (32%) had a recurrence of SVCS because of stent thrombosis in three (23%) and extrinsic compression from uncontrolled cancer progression in ten (77%). The overall symptom-free interval at 24 months was 57% (SE=0.095). Conclusions We recommend the use of the endovascular procedure as a first-line treatment in locally advanced or metastatic tumour in the presence of SVCS.
Extremely regular periodic surface structures in a large area efficiently induced on silicon by temporally shaped femtosecond laser
Authors: Zhang Yuchan , Jiang Qilin , Cao Kaiqiang , Chen Tianqi , Cheng Ke , Zhang Shian , Feng Donghai , Jia Tianqing , Sun Zhenrong , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: March 2021

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) have several applications in surface structuring and functionalization. Three major challenges exist in the fabrication of regular and uniform LIPSS: enhancing the periodic energy deposition, reducing the residual heat, and avoiding the deposited debris. Herein, we fabricate an extremely regular low-spatial-frequency LIPSS (LSFL) on a silicon surface by a temporally shaped femtosecond laser. Based on a

4
f

configuration zero-dispersion pulse shaping system, a Fourier transform limit (FTL) pulse is shaped into a pulse train with varying intervals in the range of 0.25–16.2 ps using periodic

π

-phase step modulation. Under the irradiation of the shaped pulse with an interval of 16.2 ps, extremely regular LSFLs are efficiently fabricated on silicon. The scan velocity for fabricating regular LSFL is 2.3 times faster, while the LSFL depth is 2 times deeper, and the diffraction efficiency is 3 times higher than those of LSFL using the FTL pulse. The formation mechanisms of regular LSFL have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the temporally shaped pulse enhances the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and the periodic energy deposition while reducing the residual thermal effects and avoiding the deposition of the ejected debris, eventually resulting in regular and deeper LSFL on the silicon surface.
Facilitating factors and barriers in help-seeking behaviour in adolescents and young adults with depressive symptoms: A qualitative study
Authors: Eigenhuis Eline , Waumans Ruth C. , Muntingh Anna D. T. , Westerman Marjan J. , van Meijel Marlinde , Batelaan Neeltje M. , van Balkom Anton J. L. M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective
Despite the availability of mental health care, only a minority of depressed adolescents and young adults receive treatment. This study aimed to investigate facilitating factors and barriers in help-seeking behaviour of adolescents and young adults with depressive symptoms, using qualitative research methods.

Methods
In-depth, semi-structured interviews with 32 participants with current or previous depressive symptoms aged 16 to 24 years using thematic content analysis.

Findings
Our sample consisted mainly of adolescents who eventually found their way to professional help. Five main themes in help-seeking by adolescents and young adults were identified: (I) Individual functioning and well-being, (II) Health literacy, (III) Attitudinal aspects, (IV) Surroundings, and (V) Accessibility. Prompts to seek treatment were disease burden and poor academic performance. Health illiteracy negatively influenced treatment-seeking behaviour. Attitudinal aspects either hampered (shame, wanting to handle the problem oneself, negative attitudes towards treatment) or facilitated (positive attitudes towards treatment) help-seeking. Furthermore, adolescents’ surroundings (school, family, and peers) appeared to play a critical role in the recognition of depressive symptoms and encouragement to seek help. Barriers regarding accessibility of mental health care were found, whereas direct and easy access to treatment greatly improved mental health care use.

Conclusion
Facilitating factors can play a critical role in the help-seeking process of depressed adolescents and young adults, and may guide efforts to increase access to mental health care of this vulnerable age group. In particular, recognition and encouragement from school personnel and peers and easy access to care providers positively influenced help-seeking in our sample. Health illiteracy and attitudinal aspects appeared to be important barriers to seeking treatment and public/school campaigns aimed at reducing health illiteracy and stigma might be necessary to improve treatment-seeking and health care utilization in this age group.
Trends, structural changes, and assessment of time series models for forecasting hospital discharge due to death at a Mexican tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rodea-Montero Edel Rafael , Guardado-Mendoza Rodolfo , Rodríguez-Alcántar Brenda Jesús , Rodríguez-Nuñez Jesús Rubén , Núñez-Colín Carlos Alberto , Palacio-Mejía Lina Sofía 
Published: March 2021

Background
Data on hospital discharges can be used as a valuable instrument for hospital planning and management. The quantification of deaths can be considered a measure of the effectiveness of hospital intervention, and a high percentage of hospital discharges due to death can be associated with deficiencies in the quality of hospital care.

Objective
To determine the overall percentage of hospital discharges due to death in a Mexican tertiary care hospital from its opening, to describe the characteristics of the time series generated from the monthly percentage of hospital discharges due to death and to make and evaluate predictions.

Methods
This was a retrospective study involving the medical records of 81,083 patients who were discharged from a tertiary care hospital from April 2007 to December 2019 (first 153 months of operation). The records of the first 129 months (April 2007 to December 2017) were used for the analysis and construction of the models (training dataset). In addition, the records of the last 24 months (January 2018 to December 2019) were used to evaluate the predictions made (test dataset). Structural change was identified (Chow test), ARIMA models were adjusted, predictions were estimated with and without considering the structural change, and predictions were evaluated using error indices (MAE, RMSE, MAPE, and MASE).

Results
The total percentage of discharges due to death was 3.41%. A structural change was observed in the time series (March 2009, p>0.001), and ARIMA(0,0,0)(1,1,2)12 with drift models were adjusted with and without consideration of the structural change. The error metrics favored the model that did not consider the structural change (MAE = 0.63, RMSE = 0.81, MAPE = 25.89%, and MASE = 0.65).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the ARIMA models are an adequate tool for future monitoring of the monthly percentage of hospital discharges due to death, allowing us to detect observations that depart from the described trend and identify future structural changes.
Fostering Collective Efficacy?: What School Leaders Should Know
Authors: Hoogsteen T.J. 
Published: March 2021

Statements claiming that efforts of policy makers, system and school leaders, and staff developments toward education reforms might be better served by strategically and intentionally considering how to foster collective efficacy throughout the conceptualization, design, delivery, and assessment of change initiatives (Donohoo, 2018, p. 340) have led schools and districts to attempt to do just that. However, such conclusions may not be justified. The present review examines available research using a framework inspired by Willingham (2012) which is meant to guide leaders in evaluating the trustworthiness and value of research. Willingham (2012) notes that leaders should be able to recognize the change when it happens, know how large the change should be, and estimate the length of time the change will take. This framework is applied to CTE literature to gauge whether the research base surrounding collective teacher efficacy is useful to school and district leaders when making decisions regarding school improvement and organizational change initiatives. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
Influence of Solid TAIC on Crosslinking LLDPE by Electron Beam Radiation
Authors: Gu L.-Y. , Lei Y. , Chen M.-G. , Li J.-X. , Zheng Z. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, solid triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) has been fabricated and used as the crosslinking sensitizer for linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) crosslinking application. First, 0 phr, 1.5 phr, 3.0 phr, 4.5 phr and 6.0 phr solid TAIC have been added into the LLDPE to study the radiation crosslinking results. The resulting samples are measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), etc. The results reveal that the crystallinity, melt point, elongation and volume resistivity decrease when the content of solid TAIC increases in LLDPE from 0 phr to 6.0 phr. However, adding a proper amount of solid TAIC (3.0 phr) can improve the crosslinking degree and tensile strength of LLDPE. Finally, the space charge distribution of the samples has been measured, and the possible mechanism of solid TAIC that affects the LLDPE electrical properties is proposed.
Numerical Simulation of Tensile Residual Stresses in SWCNT-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Soleimany M. R. , Jamal-Omidi M. , Nabavi S. M. , Tavakolian M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The residual stresses play a significant role in the mechanical properties and strengthening capability of nanocomposites. The present research aims to numerically investigate the residual stress relaxation in nanotube-reinforced polymers in response to mechanical tensile loading. The systems under study consist of the armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) embedded in a polymer matrix. The nanotubes and polymer matrix are assumed to be bonded by van der Waals interactions based on the Lennard-Jones (L-J) potential at the interface. The interactions between carbon atoms in the nanotube and nodes in the polymer matrix are modelled by equivalent springs. In order to evaluate the analysis of elastic-perfectly plastic using finite element (FE) modelling, first, relaxation of the plastic residual stresses on steel hemisphere in contact with a rigid flat surface was examined in a loading-unloading cycle and verified with available data. Afterwards, the residual stress relaxation in nanotubes with different space-frame structures was computed due to displacement-controlled loading. Finally, the stress state and the plastic residual stresses in the nanocomposite for different carbon nanotube content were analyzed and discussed during loading and unloading. Regarding the effect of tensile stress, it was revealed that nanotube structures have significant effects on the residual stresses created in the nanocomposite.
Reimagining Instruction in Special Collections: The Special Case of Haiti
Authors: Warren Kellee E. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
A growing body of literature has developed around critical archival instruction and archivists as educators. This development demonstrates the pedagogical evolution beyond show-and-tell sessions to critical approaches in archival instruction and specific standards in archival literacy. This article provides a cross-disciplinary discussion of an approach to archival instruction. Also included is a reimagined instruction session using a fragmentary collection from the Saint-Domingue/Haiti colonial administration. Stories of the enslaved are usually marked by death and brutality. But Haiti's is a story of triumph; though fleeting, a victory nonetheless. When instructors decolonize archival instruction, they bring the past into the present and the future. The Haitian Revolution was a large-scale revolt by enslaved Africans, and it was also directly connected to the expansion of the United States. Archival instructors should encourage students to reimagine the stories told from the Saint-Domingue colonial administration collection and from any colonial collections that may be under their care.
Open Licensing et patrimoine.
Authors: Gizzi Chiara 
Published: March 2021

Openness ‘ouverture’ est l’un des mots clé de l’époque numérique. Issu du milieu informatique, où l’utilisation massive peut être associée à des monopoles distorsifs du marché, ce concept façonne l’action des institutions culturelles en train de mettre en place des politiques adaptées au partage et à l’accès au patrimoine tout en prenant en compte les possibilités offertes par les moyens techniques, leur durabilité et le respect des droits. En effet, si la démocratisation et la transparence sont mises en avant, ne sont pourtant pas caduques les obligations de tutelle des droits des personnes (droit d’auteur, protection des données personnelles – y inclus le droit à l’image) ; bien au contraire : le contexte numérique a poussé à une adaptation encore en cours du cadre légal. Dans la pratique, on peut facilement constater que souvent les documents nés-numériques, qui seraient déjà adaptés à une diffusion massive, sont consultables seulement sur place et avec des ordinateurs ne permettant aucune forme de téléchargement.
Les institutions patrimoniales sont appelées à se positionner et à élaborer une politique qui concilie la mise à disposition, la tutelle des droits et une gestion avisée.
Dans ce travail nous faisons état des questions légales et des pratiques de mise à disposition numérique sous le profil des droits d’utilisation et de réutilisation. Notre perspective d’enquête porte sur un champ limité aux collections spéciales (y compris les archives) en bibliothèque et dans ce domaine aux documents textuels et iconographiques publiés ainsi qu’aux inédits. Nous examinons les problématiques posées par le droit d’auteur (et par son évolution récente dans la culture juridique et en général dans la société) et par la protection des droits de la personnalité à la croisée des pratiques bibliothécaires et archivistiques ainsi que les propositions de réforme à l’étude. Une attention particulière comporte l’accessibilité aux reproductions des documents (spécialement des documents uniques) tombés dans le domaine public.
Les retours d’expérience et les réflexions actuelles – surtout au niveau européen – dans les institutions patrimoniales montrent les enjeux et les opportunités du changement en cours. En l’absence de contraintes légales externes aux institutions, les choix sont encore plus déterminés par des politiques de numérisation en voie de définition ou de redéfinition. Nous examinons enfin brièvement les projets et la perspective de quelques institutions suisses : l’Universitätsbibliothek Basel, la Zentralbibliothek Zürich (en particulier le projet DigiTUR), les Archives cantonales vaudoises et la Bibliothèque cantonale et universitaire – Lausanne.
Detection of A1 and A2 Alleles at Beta-casein Locus in Bargur and Umblachery (Indian Zebu) Cattle Breeds by Allele-specific PCR
Authors: Raja A. , Rajendran R. , Ganapathi P. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Many genetic variants of beta-casein in different breeds of cattle have been reported. The A1 and A2 are the most common variants. The breeds of Zebu cattle have high frequency of A2 allele or monomorphic for A2 allele. The current study aimed to screen Indian Zebu cattle breeds, Bargur and Umblachery, for A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus. Methods: A total of 48 Bargur and 42 Umblachery cattle were genotyped for β-casein (CSN2) gene using allele-specific PCR. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated. The theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA) and level of possible variability realization (V%) were calculated. Result: The investigation revealed the presence of both A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus in both Bargur and Umblachery cattle breeds. The A1A1 genotype was not observed in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.125 and 0.875 respectively in Bargur and 0.050 and 0.950 respectively in Umblachery breed. The study indicated the predominance of A2 variant in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles were 0.063 and 0.937 respectively in Bargur and 0.02 and 0.98 respectively in Umblachery breed. The values of experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%) were 0.125, 0.1163, 0.1095,0.8837, 1.131 and 11.88 respectively in Bargur breed. These values were 0.048, 0.0468, 0.0458, 0.9532, 1.049 and 4.79 respectively in Umblachery population. The observed heterozygosity and PIC values revealed the existence of very low genetic variability in the tested populations. The present work will be a contribution to the study on beta-casein locus in Indian zebu cattle.