bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers of individuals with Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: Perspectives, experiences, and relationships with medical professionals
Authors: Webster Joshua , Wiley Susan , Schorry Elizabeth , Bowers Katherine , Collins Ruff Kathleen , Riddle Ilka 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic disorder. Family‐centered care (FCC) is a healthcare delivery approach that aims to create an equal partnership between caregivers and providers. FCC has been shown to improve parental wellbeing, their knowledge of the condition and care, and improve their feelings of self‐efficacy and personal control. The purpose of this study was to explore the healthcare experiences of family caregivers of children and adults with RTS to understand the issues they encounter when working with medical professionals and to examine their perspectives on how to improve FCC. Primary family caregivers of individuals with RTS took an online mixed‐method survey that contained three primary components: a demographic survey, the Measures of Processes of Care‐20 (MPOC‐20) [a measure of the FCC an individual feels they receive], and a qualitative assessment of negative and positive interactions with medical professionals and priority areas for improvement. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. An analysis of variance test was used to determine whether values statistically differed between different‐age groups of individuals with RTS being cared for. Sixty‐three caregivers completed the survey. The average score of the Providing General Information subscale of the MPOC‐20 was 3.18, lower than that seen in other studies. The average scores of the other subscales of the MPOC‐20 ranged from 4.60 to 5.02, comparable to other studies of caregivers of children with other medical conditions. All aspects of FCC were ranked as important by caregivers. There were no differences in MPOC‐20 values between those caring for the individuals with RTS in different‐age groups reviewed. In the qualitative responses, parents noted that experiences with medical professionals would be improved if healthcare providers actively provided FCC, collaborated with parents and other providers, respected caregivers’ time and breadth of knowledge and lived experience, gave a more balanced description of the condition, showed greater respect toward their loved ones and included them in the conversation, and made an effort to learn about RTS. The changes that parents would like to see in their child's care were not specific to one discipline and could be implemented by all healthcare specialists. While caregivers report that they receive moderate levels of FCC, they indicated that areas of FCC could be improved.
The Akt–mTORC1 pathway mediates Axl receptor tyrosine kinase-induced mesangial cell proliferation
Authors: Zhen Yuxuan , McGaha Tracy L , Finkelman Fred D , Shao Wen-Hai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlomerulonephritis (GN), an important pathologic feature of many renal diseases, is frequently characterized by mesangial cell proliferation. We and others have previously shown that the TAM family receptor tyrosine kinases Axl, Mer, and Tyro-3 contribute to cell survival, proliferation, migration, and clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs); that Axl contributes to GN by promoting mesangial cell proliferation; and that small molecule inhibition of Axl ameliorates nephrotoxic serum-induced GN in mice. We now show that stimulation of renal mesangial cell Axl causes a modest increase in intracellular Ca2+ and activates NF-κB, mTOR, and the mTOR-containing mTORC1 complex, which phosphorylates the ribosomal protein S6. Axl-induction of Akt activation is upstream of NF-κB and mTOR activation, which are mutually codependent. Axl-induced NF-κB activation leads to Bcl-xl up-regulation. Axl is more important than Mer at mediating AC phagocytosis by mesangial cells, but less important than Mer at mediating phagocytosis of ACs by peritoneal macrophages. Taken together, our data suggest the possibility that Axl mediates mesangial cell phagocytosis of ACs and promotes mesangial cell proliferation by activating NF-κB and mTORC1.
Performance evaluation of reanalysis precipitation products in Egypt using fuzzy entropy time series similarity analysis
Authors: Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelection of suitable gridded precipitation data is deemed for hydroclimatic assessment and climate change impact analysis, especially in regions where long‐term reliable precipitation data is unavailable. A novel approach based on fuzzy entropy similarity analysis (FESA) is proposed to evaluate the performance of four reanalysis gridded precipitation datasets (GPDs) for Egypt, namely European Reanalysis v.5. (ERA5), TerraClimate, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)—Noah Land Surface Model L4 v.2 and Climatologies at high resolution for the Earth's land surface areas (CHELSA), against gauge records. The proposed method was verified using conventional statistics. Besides, the relative performance of different GPDs was verified according to their response to the influence of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) on winter precipitation. The performance of the best reanalysis GPD was also compared with the gauge‐based global precipitation climatology centre (GPCC) dataset to show its reliability. The FESA revealed CHELSA as the best reanalysis GPD for Egypt. The performance assessment of GDPs based on conventional statistical metrics and visual presentation confirms the results obtained using FESA. CHELSA showed significant correlations with NAO (r = 0.3627) and MO (r = 0.624) like that obtained for gauge records. CHELSA also showed a better representation of precipitation in Egypt than GPCC at nearly half of the gauge locations. As CHELSA has a much higher spatial resolution than GPCC, it can be recommended as the proxy of gauge records in Egypt. The FESA can be used for performance analysis of gridded climate data by avoiding the complexities of using multiple statistical metrics.
Distribution of free amino acids and mRNA expression of their corresponding transporters in the intestinal mucosa of goats feeding on a corn grain versus corn gluten diet
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Xiaoli , Tan Zhiliang , Jiao Jinzhen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntestinal amino acid (AA) chemosensing has been implicated in the regulation of AA absorption, nitrogen metabolism and hormone release, thereby playing an indispensable role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in mammals. The objective of this experiment was to study the distribution of free AA and the expression of AA transporting related genes along the small and large intestines of Liuyang black goats, together with the effects of dietary corn grain replaced by dietary corn gluten feed (CGF).RESULTSThe CGF replacement did not alter (P > 0.05) AA profiles and the expression of AA transporting related genes in the intestinal mucosa. Intriguingly, in terms of gut regions, the concentrations of aspartic acid and glutamic acid in the mucosa of ileum were remarkably less (P < 0.001) than those in the large intestine. Moreover, the concentrations of most cationic and neutral AAs shared the same distribution pattern, with the jejunum and ileum holding the greatest and least levels (P < 0.05), respectively. It was notable that the expression of both anionic and cationic AA transporters in the small intestine was exceedingly greater (P < 0.001) than those in the large intestine. As for transporters of neutral AA, system ASC, L, and A showed an extremely distinctive expression pattern.CONCLUSIONThe jejunum would be the primary site of transporting AA, while CGF substitution does not exert a disadvantageous influence on the AA chemosensing systems of the first‐pass metabolism. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
How band tail recombination influences the open‐circuit voltage of solar cells
Authors: Wolter Max Hilaire , Carron Romain , Avancini Enrico , Bissig Benjamin , Weiss Thomas Paul , Nishiwaki Shiro , Feurer Thomas , Buecheler Stephan , Jackson Philip , Witte Wolfram , Siebentritt Susanne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of solar cells strongly depends on the open‐circuit voltage
which, in turn, depends on the recombination activity within the device. A possible source of detrimental charge carrier recombination is band tails. An empirical linear relationship between
loss and the Urbach energy of the band tails has been shown in the past. Here we discuss how band tails influence the radiative recombination and the nonradiative recombination in the bulk of the absorber. First, we show through photoluminescence that the band tails can be willfully tuned in state‐of‐the‐art thin‐film Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers and solar cells on a 20% efficiency level and beyond through the incorporation of alkali atoms. In the second part, we compare our CIGSe results to published results from other solar cell technologies. This comparison reveals that CIGS solar cells follow the previously described empirical trend: an increase in the open‐circuit voltage with decreasing band tails. Finally, we model the influence of tail states on the radiative and nonradiative recombination losses: Radiative recombination is increased because carriers thermalize into the tail states and nonradiative recombination of free carriers in the bands is increased because of Shockley–Read–Hall recombination through the tail states. The comparison with experimental data shows that the influence of tail states is even worse than the increase in radiative and SRH recombination predicted by our model. Our results thus suggest that band tails act as one of the main remaining voltage limitations in the majority of state‐of‐the‐art solar cells.
Frequency, severity, and implications of shoulder pain in people with major upper limb amputation who use prostheses: Results of a National Study
Authors: Webster Joseph B. , Webster Natalie , Borgia Matthew , Resnik Linda 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with upper limb amputation are potentially at increased risk of shoulder pain because they often perform compensatory movements to operate their prostheses and rely more heavily on their nonamputated limb for everyday activities.ObjectiveTo describe the frequency, severity, associated factors, and implications of shoulder pain in people with unilateral major upper limb amputation who use prostheses.DesignCross‐sectional, observational design.SettingNational recruitment of people living in the community.ParticipantsU.S. veterans and civilians (N = 107) with unilateral major upper limb amputation.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresShoulder pain (any, ipsilateral and contralateral to amputation), activity performance (Activities Measure for Upper Limb Amputation), health‐related quality of life (Veterans RAND 12‐Item Health Survey mental component summary [MCS] and physical component summary [PCS]), and disability (Quick Version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score [QuickDASH]).ResultsAll participants completed a comprehensive in‐person assessment. Participants were 97% male with a mean age of 57.1 years and a mean time since amputation of 23.4 years. The prevalence of any shoulder pain was 30% (15% ipsilateral, 25% contralateral, 10% bilateral). Shoulder pain intensity (0 to 10 scale) was moderate for both ipsilateral (mean 4.9, SD 2.0) and contralateral (mean 4.2, SD 2.0) pain. No significant difference in shoulder pain frequency was observed by amputation level. The prevalence of any shoulder pain was greater in those using a body‐powered prosthesis (38% compared to 18% in externally powered users). Each additional year since amputation was associated with an increased likelihood of having contralateral shoulder pain (odds ratio: 1.05, confidence interval: 1.01, 1.10). In linear regression models, those with contralateral shoulder pain had worse PCS (β = −7.07, p = .008) and worse QuickDASH (β = 18.25, p < .001) scores.ConclusionsIn our sample of predominantly male veterans with major upper limb amputation, shoulder pain was a common condition associated with functional and quality of life implications. Among prosthesis users, the shoulder contralateral to the amputation was at greatest risk, with risk increasing with every year since amputation.
Distal semimembranosus tendinopathy: A narrative review
Authors: Sederberg Mark , LaMarche Laura , Skinner Lee , Cushman Daniel M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDistal semimembranosus tendinopathy is a relatively uncommon diagnosis that can be responsible for medial knee pain. The semimembranosus tendon inserts on the posteromedial knee and is surrounded by the semimembranosus bursa, with both the bursa and tendon potential sources of pain. Similar to other tendinopathies, semimembranosus tendinopathy often occurs with overuse of the musculotendinous unit and is commonly seen in runners. Diagnosis can be made clinically and may be substantiated with use of ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Scant literature exists evaluating the efficacy of treatments for this condition. Consequently, best practice for treatment is inferred from other similar tendinopathies, clinical expertise, and smaller studies on semimembranosus tendinopathy. Extrapolating from other tendinopathies, rehabilitation should be the cornerstone of initial treatment, with focus on kinetic chain and gait abnormalities, hamstring strength and neuromuscular control, and progressive tendon loading. Recalcitrant cases with a coexisting bursopathy can be treated with an ultrasound‐guided bursal corticosteroid injection. Future studies may help delineate the optimal treatment regimen for this relatively uncommon diagnosis.
Public health adherence and information‐seeking for people with chronic conditions during the early phase of theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Roberts Michelle K. , Ehde Dawn M. , Herring Tracy E. , Alschuler Kevin N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionPeople with chronic conditions, common among rehabilitation populations, may have risk factors that put them at higher risk for more severe illness due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).ObjectiveTo describe and compare adherence to public health guidelines, willingness to adhere to public health guidelines (including vaccination), information‐seeking, and perceived trustworthiness of information among people with and without chronic conditions during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignNational cross‐sectional online survey of people with and without chronic health conditions conducted from April through May 2020.ParticipantsSurvey respondents were people with and without chronic conditions, ≥18 years old, able to read English, and in the United States since January 2020. In total, 3109 survey responses were received and 2572 complete unique responses were used in the analysis.MethodsThe survey assessed demographics, adherence to public health measures, information‐seeking, and perceived trustworthiness of information sources. Descriptive analyses characterized the sample, andt‐tests and nonparametric tests were used to compare those with and without a chronic condition on the public health measures.ResultsParticipants with a chronic condition reported high adherence to public health recommendations and high willingness to adhere to anticipated recommendations across a wide range of chronic conditions and similar to those without a chronic condition despite advised caution for people with underlying health conditions. Of those with a chronic condition, 70.8% reported a willingness to be vaccinated. Participants reported accessing information from varied sources, with perceived trust highest for the health care providers and lowest for social media.ConclusionParticipants reported high adherence to public health measures, regardless of chronic condition status, during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Knowledge of adherence to public health measures, information‐seeking, and trust in information can assist rehabilitation providers and organizations seeking to mitigate disease transmission, particularly for those with chronic conditions.
A thermodynamic model of protein structure evolution explains empirical amino acid substitution matrices
Authors: Norn Christoffer , André Ingemar , Theobald Douglas L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProteins evolve under a myriad of biophysical selection pressures that collectively control the patterns of amino acid substitutions. These evolutionary pressures are sufficiently consistent over time and across protein families to produce substitution patterns, summarized in global amino acid substitution matrices such as BLOSUM, JTT, WAG, and LG, which can be used to successfully detect homologs, infer phylogenies, and reconstruct ancestral sequences. Although the factors that govern the variation of amino acid substitution rates have received much attention, the influence of thermodynamic stability constraints remains unresolved. Here we develop a simple model to calculate amino acid substitution matrices from evolutionary dynamics controlled by a fitness function that reports on the thermodynamic effects of amino acid mutations in protein structures. This hybrid biophysical and evolutionary model accounts for nucleotide transition/transversion rate bias, multi‐nucleotide codon changes, the number of codons per amino acid, and thermodynamic protein stability. We find that our theoretical model accurately recapitulates the complex yet universal pattern observed in common global amino acid substitution matrices used in phylogenetics. These results suggest that selection for thermodynamically stable proteins, coupled with nucleotide mutation bias filtered by the structure of the genetic code, is the primary driver behind the global amino acid substitution patterns observed in proteins throughout the tree of life.
High‐accuracy protein structure prediction in CASP14
Authors: Pereira Joana , Simpkin Adam J. , Hartmann Marcus D. , Rigden Daniel J. , Keegan Ronan M. , Lupas Andrei N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe application of state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning approaches to the protein modeling problem has expanded the “high‐accuracy” category in CASP14 to encompass all targets. Building on the metrics used for high‐accuracy assessment in previous CASPs, we evaluated the performance of all groups that submitted models for at least 10 targets across all difficulty classes, and judged the usefulness of those produced by AlphaFold2 (AF2) as molecular replacement search models with AMPLE. Driven by the qualitative diversity of the targets submitted to CASP, we also introduce DipDiff as a new measure for the improvement in backbone geometry provided by a model versus available templates. Although a large leap in high‐accuracy is seen due to AF2, the second‐best method in CASP14 out‐performed the best in CASP13, illustrating the role of community‐based benchmarking in the development and evolution of the protein structure prediction field.
Model‐based meta‐analysis of changes in circulatory system physiology in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Takaoka Ryota , Soejima Yukako , Guro Sayuri , Yoshioka Hideki , Sato Hiromi , Suzuki Hiroshi , Hisaka Akihiro 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo characterize and compare various medicines for chronic heart failure (CHF), changes in circulatory physiological parameter during pharmacotherapy were investigated by a model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) of circulatory physiology. The clinical data from 61 studies mostly in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), reporting changes in heart rate, blood pressure, or ventricular volumes after treatment with carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol, bucindolol, enalapril, aliskiren, or felodipine, were analyzed. Seven cardiac and vasculature function indices were estimated without invasive measurements using models based on appropriate assumptions, and their correlations with the mortality were assessed. Estimated myocardial oxygen consumption, a cardiac load index, correlated excellently with the mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment initiation, and it explained differences in mortality across the different medications. The analysis based on the present models were reasonably consistent with the hypothesis that the treatment of HFrEF with various medications is due to effectively reducing the cardiac load. Assessment of circulatory physiological parameters by using MBMA would be insightful for quantitative understanding of CHF treatment.
Anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 Repurposing Drug Database: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Yuching , Grimstein Manuela , Liu Guansheng , Kitabi Eliford , Fan Jianghong , Wang Ying‐Hong , Earp Justin , Weaver James L. , Zhu Hao , Liu Jiang , Reynolds Kellie S. , Huang Shiew‐Mei , Wang Yaning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA critical step to evaluate the potential in vivo antiviral activity of a drug is to connect the in vivo exposure to its in vitro antiviral activity. The Anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 Repurposing Drug Database is a database that includes both in vitro anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 activity and in vivo pharmacokinetic data to facilitate the extrapolation from in vitro antiviral activity to potential in vivo antiviral activity for a large set of drugs/compounds. In addition to serving as a data source for in vitro anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 activity and in vivo pharmacokinetic information, the database is also a calculation tool that can be used to compare the in vitro antiviral activity with in vivo drug exposure to identify potential anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs. Continuous development and expansion are feasible with the public availability of this database.
Quantum Information Processing and Precision Measurement Using a Levitated Nanodiamond
Authors: Zhang Huaijin , Chen Xingyan , Yin Zhang‐qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe nanodiamond, which hosts nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, has been levitated in vacuum either through optical tweezers or through an ion trap. It combines the advantages of the large mass and long coherent discrete internal energy levels, which makes it an ideal platform for quantum information processing and precision measurement. In this review, the quantum information processing and the precision measurement based on the levitated nanodiamond are briefly summarized. The basic physics of the levitated nanodiamond and the NV centers is first introduced. Then the methods of manipulating motional states of the nanodiamond with the NV centers are discussed. The magnetic coupling mechanisms between the NV centers and the translational mode or the torsional mode are discussed, and the method of cooling the mechanical modes with the NV centers is discussed. Several applications are discussed, such as the mass spectrometry, the gravitational acceleration measurement, etc. The levitated nanodiamond can also be used for realizing universal quantum logic gates and quantum simulation. Finally, the conclusion and perspective are given.