bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (Stec) O157 In Sheep, Goats, Cows And Buffaloes
Authors: Mian Abrar Hussain 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A total of 400 Recto-anal mucosal swabs samples (200 from each region) were collected and processed initially by conventional PCR. Among them, only two (n=2) RAMS samples were detected and positive for E. coli O157 gene, included one in RAMS samples of sheep from slaughterhouse of Rawalpindi, while another in RAMS samples of buffalos from slaughterhouse of Islamabad. The rest of the samples from goats and cows showed negative results for E. coli O157 in both regions. E. coli O157 isolates were obtained from each positive sample onto two different Sorbitol MacConkey Agar media plates and analyzed again through conventional PCR, resulted only single 1/6 isolated colony confirmed from both samples which possessed rfbE genes. The overall prevalence of rfbE (O157) genes came up to (0.5%). Furthermore, for the presence of STEC other virulent genes (sxt1, stx2, eae and ehlyA), these both positive rfbE isolated colonies were then briefly subjected towards multiplex PCR. Results revealed that none of the STEC virulent genes were detected in single (01) positive rfbE O157 isolated colony of sheep sample. While fortunately 4 STEC virulent genes (sxt1, stx2, eae and ehlyA) were detected in single (01) positive rfbE O157 isolated colony of buffalo sample. It was concluded that healthy adult sheep and buffalo are possibly essential carriers of STEC O157. However, buffalo sample possessed 4 STEC virulent genes, hence considered an important source of STEC infection to humans either through direct or indirect transmission which should devise proper control systems.
A Possible Definition of Oligometastases in Pancreatic Cancers and Their Survival Outcomes
Authors: Yamanaka Masaya , Hayashi Masamichi , Yamada Suguru , Sonohara Fuminori , Takami Hideki , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Shimizu Dai , Hattori Norifumi , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Nakayama Goro , Koike Masahiko , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Among advanced metastatic cancers, oligometastatic cancers (OM) are defined as having limited visible metastases, possibly associated with relatively better survival outcomes. We attempted to identify cases that are in line with the concept of OM among unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancer, using a retrospective cohort.Methods: A total of 130 cases with unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancer received non-curative surgery (palliative surgery or staging laparotomy) from April 2001 to December 2019. Metastatic sites, clinicopathological information, and surgical outcomes were collected to reveal definition of OM.Results: Primary tumor sites were pancreatic head in 80 cases and others in 50 cases. Performed operations were gastrointestinal tract bypass in 68 cases and staging laparotomy in 62 cases. Based on the survival outcome differences, OM criteria were defined as single organ metastasis, a few countable lesions (4 or fewer organ metastases or limited peritoneal metastases) and low serum CA19-9 level (< 2000 U/ml). The median overall survival time (MST) after non-curative surgery of OM cases (n=54) was 13.0 months and was significantly better than non-OM cases (n=76) (MST:8.4months, P = 0.003).Conclusion: We propose single organ metastasis of limited tumor volume (H1 or P1-2 by the Japanese Society of Cancer of the Colon and Rectum classification) and low serum CA19-9 (< 2000 U/ml) as a new criteria for OM.
Ethical challenges faced by French military doctors deployed in the Sahel (Operation Barkhane): a qualitative study.
Authors: Lamblin Antoine , Derkenne Clément , Trousselard Marion , Einaudi Marie-Ange 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background French military doctors are currently deployed in the Sahel to support the armed forces of Operation Barkhane, in medical or surgical units. As well as supporting French soldiers, their other missions are diverse and complex: medical assistance to civilians and persons under control (PUC), advice to commanding officers. These tasks can create ethical dilemmas when decisions are forced upon doctors that may be in conflict with medical values or fundamental principles. Little is known about the specific dilemmas experienced by French military doctors in overseas operations. We therefore conducted a qualitative study among doctors and surgeons recently deployed to the Sahel to explore and better understand this question.Method Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 20 French military doctors or surgeons deployed since January 2016 in medical or surgical facilities in Mali and Chad. Results All interviewed doctors reported having faced several ethical dilemmas during missions. All reported dilemmas involved the treatment of civilians (while delivering community medical assistance) or of PUC. The dilemmas involved choices as to which patients to treat, the use of care as a means to an end by military authorities, and the level of care attainable in the absence of any possible hospital follow-up. Questions of delivering care at the risk of their own safety or the mission’s and of treating openly hostile patients were also brought up. Most dilemmas stemmed from the dual loyalty problem, namely the conflict between military doctors’ duty of care to patients and to the military institution. Contextual factors (restricted resources and security constraints) were also associated with many of the reported dilemmas. Conclusion This is the first reported study focusing on the ethical dilemmas encountered by French military doctors in overseas operations. It provides unique insights into their ethical experiences and should prove useful in improving operational training for healthcare personnel deployed on overseas missions.
Creep Damage Evolution Process of Asphalt Binder Based On Viscoelastic Characteristics
Authors: Shuang Tian , Xiaofei QI , liyan shan , Shuang Liu , Yajie Wang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The creep damage evolution of asphalt binder plays a significant role in investigating the formation mechanism of rutting, a common type of distress at high temperature for asphalt pavements. However, the reliability of existing creep damage parameters is under questioned, and these parameters cannot accurately illustrate change law of intrinsic microstructure about asphalt binder. In this paper, a new testing protocol is given access to study the evolution of viscoelastic parameters during creep damage. It is completed by inserting the frequency sweep during creep test. The frequency sweep curve clusters are fitted using the generalized Kelvin-Voigt model for obtaining the change law of model parameters. Based on the change law and sensitivity analysis of model parameters, (E2 + E3)/2 is proposed as the creep damage variable. According to the curve of (E2+E3)/2 versus loading time, two stages during the creep test can be identified: an approximate constant value in phase Ⅰ and a linear decrease in phase Ⅱ. Intrinsic differences about creep property of binders can be determined by this new proposed parameter. Above results not only ensure better understanding of the creep damage mechanism of binders, but also lay the theoretical foundation on predicting the anti-rutting performance of binders.
Retrospective Investigation of Factors Influencing Time-dependent Changes in Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients Receiving Cetuximab
Authors: Yamashiro Kaito , Hirata Atsushi , Ota Ryosuke , Ogata Fumihiko , Nakamura Takehiro , Kawasaki Naohito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cetuximab causes electrolyte abnormalities, such as hypomagnesemia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia. However, little is known about the relationships between the onset of hypomagnesemia, patient background before administration, and time-dependent changes in serum magnesium levels. Therefore, we examined the patient backgrounds that influenced the onset of hypomagnesemia and the time-dependent changes in serum magnesium levels in patients receiving cetuximab. Methods: A retrospective study was performed to investigate patients with advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer or head and neck cancer, treated with a cetuximab regimen from 2012 to 2020 at Kindai University Nara Hospital. In total, 52 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Results: The serum magnesium levels tended to decline with an increasing number of cetuximab administrations. After two administrations of cetuximab, the serum magnesium level was significantly lower in the hypomagnesemia group than in the non-hypomagnesemia group (p < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the baseline serum sodium levels (odds ratio: 0.729, 95% confidence interval: 0.552–0.963) and the combination of magnesium oxide tablet (odds ratio: 0.997, 95% confidence interval: 0.995–0.999) were one of the independent factors for hypomagnesemia. These results indicated that the two administrations of cetuximab may cause magnesium deficiency even if the serum levels are within the normal range. Additionally, hyponatremia before administration may be an indicator of serum magnesium levels after administration of cetuximab.Conclusion: Cetuximab-induced hypomagnesemia may be predicted using baseline serum sodium levels, and hypomagnesemia may be prevented by administration of magnesium oxide tablets. Our findings provided new evidence for the management of serum magnesium levels in patients receiving cetuximab.
Impact of lack of sufficient incentives on the healthcare provision of township healthcare centers in rural China
Authors: Zhou Zhongliang , Shen Chi , Lai Sha , Dong Wanyue , Zhao Yaxin , Cao Dan , Zhao Dantong , Ren Yangling , Fan Xiaojing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background China's government launched a large-scale healthcare reform from 2009. One of the main targets of this round reform was to improve the primary health care system. Major reforms for primary healthcare institutions include increasing government investment. However, it is lack of an empirical study based on large sample to catch long-term effect of increased government subsidy and lack of sufficient incentives on township healthcare centers (THCs), therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by conducting an empirical analysis of THCs in Shaanxi province in China.Methods We collected nine years (2009 to 2017) data of THCs from the Health Finance Annual Report System (HFARS) that was acquired from the Health Commission of Shaanxi Province. We applied two-way fixed effect model and continue difference-in-difference (DID) model to estimate the effect of percentage of government subsidy on medical provision. Results A clear jump of the average percentage of government subsidy to total revenue of THCs can be found in Shaanxi province in 2011, and the average percentage has been more than 60% after 2011. Continue DID models indicate every 1% percentage of government subsidy to total revenue increase after 2011 resulted in a decrease of 1.1% to 3.5% in THCs healthcare provision (1.9% in medical revenue, 1.2% in outpatient visit, 3.5% in total occupy beds of inpatient, 1.1% in surgery revenue, 2.1% in sickbed utilization rate). The results show that the THCs with high government subsidy reduce the number of medical services after 2011.Conclusions We think that it is no doubt that the government should take more responsibility for the financing of primary healthcare institutions, the problem is when government plays a central role in the financing and delivery of primary health care services, more effective incentives should be developed.
Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1d infection in dairy heifer calves born within 38 days interval
Authors: Zucoloto Natalia Zaparoli , Fritzen Juliana Torres Tomazi , Lorenzetti Elis , Massi Rodrigo Pelisson , Alfieri Alice Fernandes , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a significant economic impact on the beef and dairy industries worldwide. Fetal infection with a non-cytopathic strain may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) offspring, the main event in the epidemiological chain of BVDV infection. This report describes the birth of 10 PI dairy calves from Brazil and the infecting BVDV subgenotype. Serum and blood samples were collected from 10 cows and 10 calves; all 10 calves were previously deemed BVDV positive by the ear notch rapid test. Serum samples were used in the virus neutralization technique to detect anti-BVDV antibody. Blood samples were used to detect BVDV RNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the 5' UTR and Npro genes. All 10 cows were negative for BVDV RT-PCR, while all 10 calves were RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analyses were performed and the strain was classified as BVDV-1d. High titers of BVDV-specific antibodies in the serum of cows indicated recent circulation of BVDV in the dairy herd, whereas calves presented intermediate, low, or no anti-BVDV-1a antibody titers. The monitoring of circulating BVDV subgenotypes and the detection of PI animals is of great importance in disease control, and regular vaccination alone is insufficient to prevent BVDV infection.
Development of an Efficient Preparation and Verifying System for Rice Gametophytic Male Sterility using RNAi on Candidate Gene and OsMYB86R as a Reporter
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhu Wenping , Shi Shudan , Wu Lina , Du Shuanglin , Jin Liangshen , Yang Kuan , Zhao Wenjia , Yang Jiaxin , Guo Longbiao , Wang Zhongwei , Zhang Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Gametophytic male sterility plays an important role in the study of pollen development mechanism and the breeding of three-generation hybrid rice. Because of the inherent phenotypic and genetic characteristics of gametophytic male sterility, it is very hard to find and identify gametophytic male sterility, which makes the related research lay behind the sporophytic male sterility. On the other hand, with the abundance of gene transcription data, a large number of pollen-specific genes have been found, and most of them are possibly associated with gametophytic male sterility. In order to promote the research of these genes in pollen development and heterosis utilization, it is necessary to construct an efficient, economical and accurate method to test these genes and identify if they are gametophytic male sterility related genes.Results: In this study, at first, the OsC1/OsMYB86 gene involved in anthocyanin synthesis in rice was modified and identified, and the function of revised OsMYB86R gene was created as the same as OsMYB86, and OsMYB86R is more convenient to be used as a reporter gene because the restriction site is removed. Then, an ascorbic acid oxidase gene OsPTD1 was downregulated using RNAi driven by its own promoter, which resulted in abnormal pollen tube growth; Lastly, the RNAi elements were linked with OsMYB86R and together-transferred into an osmyb86 mutant, and the purple color segregation of T1 and F1 derived from positive plants were distorted, which showed that the OsPTD1 related gametogenic male sterility was successfully prepared and determined.Conclusion: In this study, an easy and efficient method to prepare and identify gametophyte male sterility was established by using the strategy of RNAi and OsMYB86R as reporter. Comparing with the current methods, the advantages of this method are: (1) in material preparation, save time, a generation less comparing with conventional method, also a lot of mutation screening maybe avoided; (2) in identification, less cost, no PCR, electrophoresis, and other processes needed, and no expensive chemicals and instruments required; (3) in the results, more accurate, much less background affection, no damage on the plant. As a result, it is an easy, efficient, low-cost, accurate method to prepare and identify gametophytic male sterility genes. It is very important in elucidating the mechanism of pollen development and promoting the utilization of heterosis.
Study On the Antitumor Bioactivity of Koningic Acid in Thyroid Cancer in Vivo and in Vitro
Authors: Jing Changxin , Li Yanyan , Gao Zhifei , Hou Peng , Wang Rong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Koningic acid (KA), a sesquiterpene lactone, has been identified as an antimicrobial agent. Recent studies have revealed KA’s antitumor activities in colorectal cancer, leukemia, and lung cancer. However, its antitumor effect in thyroid cancer remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to test the therapeutic potential of KA in thyroid cancer and explore the mechanisms underlying antitumor effects.Methods: We examined the effects of KA on proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, ATP deprivation, and xenograft tumor growth in thyroid cancer cells.Results: KA inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and induced cell apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner. Our data also showed that KA caused a rapid, extensive decrease of ATP levels in thyroid cancer cells. Growth of xenograft tumor derived from the thyroid cancer cell line C643 in nude mice was significantly inhibited by KA. Importantly, KA treatment did not cause significant liver and kidney damage in mice compared with the control group.Conclusion: KA may be used as an effective and safe agent for thyroid cancer treatment.
Magnetic Chitosan-Glutaraldehyde/Zinc Oxide/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite: Optimization and Adsorptive Mechanism of Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dye Removal
Authors: Reghioua Abdallah , Barkat Djamel , Jawad Ali H. , Abdulhameed Ahmed Saud , Rangabhashiyam S , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , ALOthman Zeid A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A magnetic Schiff’s base chitosan-glutaraldehyde/Fe3O4 composite (CHT-GLA/ZnO/Fe3O4) was developed by incorporating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles into its structure to prepare an efficient adsorbent for the removal of remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) dye. The CHT-GLA/ZnO/Fe3O4 was characterized by the following methods: CHN, BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, pHpzc, and potentiometric titrations. Box-Behnken design based on response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of the A: ZnO nanoparticles loading (0–50%), B: dose (0.02–0.1 g), C: pH (4–10), D: temperature (30–60°C), and time E: (10–60 min) on the synthesis of the magnetic adsorbent and the RBBR dye adsorption. The experimental data of kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model, while isotherms showed better fit to Freundlich and Temkin models. The maximum adsorption capacity of the target nanocomposite (CHT-GLA/Fe3O4 containing 25% ZnO or CHT-GLA/ZnO/Fe3O4-25) was reached of 176.6 mg/g at 60°C. The adsorption mechanism of RBBR onto CHT-GLA/ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite can be attributed to multi-interactions including electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonding, Yoshida H-bonding, and n-π interactions. This study offers a promising hybrid nanobiomaterial adsorbent in environmental nanotechnology to separate and remove the contaminants such as organic dyes from wastewater.
A simple method for exogenously phytohormone application to the protodermal areas in the base of maize (Zea mays L.) leaf
Authors: Li Jieping , Feng Xinlei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The maize leaf epidermis is function as protection against water loss and gas exchange, contacting the environment and avoiding the damage, which is an attractive system for studying the process of cell fate and development. In monocots, leaves epidermis grown from basal meristem, which contains protodermal cells. The leaf protoderm zone was covered by the leaf sheath or coleoptile in maize, the classic exogenously phytohormone application method, such as spraying on leaf surface or adding in the culture media can’t apply the phytohormone to the protoderm areas directly, which restricts the research about phytohormone effect epidermal development.Results: Here we described a simple and direct method for exogenously application of phytohormone to maize leaf protoderm. We use the auxin analogs 2,4-D to test the system, and the asymmetrical division events which initial stomata development were decreased and the subsidiary cells were induced in advance after 2,4-D treatment. This result was the same as other similar studies’ results, indicated that the method is suitable for been used for application phytohormone to the maize leaf protodermal areas.Conclusions: The method, applied hormones on the mesocotyls of the maize seedlings, is simple and direct. Only a small amount of externally applied substances is required to complete this experiment through this method. The entire experiment process just last 10 days generally and it is easy to survey the phytohormone's effect on the epidermis development.
Aggressive Versus Conservative Fluid Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis in Adult Patients: A Meta-Analysis of 3,127 Cases
Authors: Liao Jiyang , Zhan Yang , Wu Huachu , Yao Zhijun , Peng Xian , Lai Jianbo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The advantages of aggressive fluid treatment (AFT) compared to conservative fluid treatment (CFT) within 24 h for acute pancreatitis (AP) remain controversial in adult patients. A meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate whether aggressive strategies are more beneficial.Methods: We searched (on February 1, 2021) PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible trials that assessed the two therapies and performed a meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (e.g., renal failure and pancreatic necrosis) within 24 h of treatment.Results: Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 8 observational studies involving 3,127 patients were identified. There was a significant difference in in-hospital mortality for AFT compared to CFT (OR, 1.66; P = 0.0001). The incidences of renal failure (OR, 2.38; P < 0.00001) and pancreatic necrosis (OR, 2.34; P < 0.0001) were similar and significantly different between the two groups. Patients aged > 50 years had a potentially higher utilization of mechanical ventilation and incidence of respiratory failure (OR, 4.88; P < 0.00001). Persistent organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and length of hospital stay did not differ significantly between the two groups. Sensitivity analysis identified two significant changes: one in persistent SIRS (OR, 2.37; P = 0.02) in patients aged > 50 years and one in the overall incidence of persistent organ failure (OR, 1.81; P = 0.02).Conclusions: Compared to CFT, AFT increases in-hospital mortality and the incidence of renal failure, pancreatic necrosis and respiratory failure with relatively strong evidence.