bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous layer open‐tubular column with styrene and itaconic acid‐copolymerized polymer as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Wei , Yu Xinhong , Liu Yikun , Sun Wenqi , Chen Zilin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEnhancing the specific surface area of stationary phase is important in chromatographic science, especially in open‐tubular column in which the coating only exists on the inner surface. In this work, a porous layer open‐tubular (PLOT) column with stationary phase of styrene and itaconic acid‐copolymerized polymer was developed. Thermal‐initiated polymerization method with strategies like controlling the ratio of reaction reagents to solvents and reaction time, confinement by the narrow inner diameter of capillary were used for preparing the stationary phase with uniform structure and relatively thick layer. Due to the high separation efficiency and capacity, the PLOT column was used for capillary electrochromatography (CEC) separation of multiple groups of analytes like alkylbenzenes, phenyl amines, phenols, vanillins, and sulfonamides with theoretical plates (N) up to 1,54,845 N/m. In addition, due to high permeability of the CEC column and large electroosmotic flow mobility generated by abundant carboxyl groups in the coating material, the PLOT‐CEC column was successfully coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) through a sheath flow interface. The developed PLOT‐CEC‐MS method was used for the analysis of antiseptics like parabens and herbicides like pyridines.
Ageing as “early-life inertia”: Disentangling life-history trade-offs along a lifetime of an individual
Authors: Carlsson Hanne , Ivimey-Cook Edward , Duxbury Elizabeth M. L. , Edden Nathan , Sales Kris , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe theory that ageing evolves because of competitive resource allocation between the soma and the germline has been challenged by studies showing that somatic maintenance can be improved without impairing reproduction. However, it has been suggested that cost-free improvement in somatic maintenance is possible only under a narrow range of benign conditions. Here, we show that experimental downregulation of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) in C. elegans nematodes, a robustly reproducible life span- and health span-extending treatment, reduces fitness in a complex variable environment when initiated during development but does not reduce fitness when initiated in adulthood. Thus, our results show that the costs and benefits of reduced IIS can be uncoupled when organisms inhabit variable environments, and, therefore, do not provide support for the resource allocation theory. Our findings support the theory that the force of natural selection on gene expression in evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that shape life-history traits declines after the onset of reproduction resulting in organismal senescence.
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of hospitalized pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in South Africa: An International Network of Obstetric Survey Systems‐based cohort study
Authors: Budhram Samantha , Vannevel Valerie , Botha Tanita , Chauke Lawrence , Bhoora Shastra , Balie Gaynor M. , Odell Natalie , Lombaard Hennie , Wise Amy , Georgiou Chrysanthi , Ngxola Nondumiso , Wynne Emma , Mbewu Unati , Mabenge Mfundo , Phinzi Sibusiso , Gubu‐Ntaba Nontsikelelo , Goldman Gareth , Tunkyi Kay , Prithipal Sudhir , Naidoo Keshree , Venkatachalam Santhi , Moodley Terence , Mould Sean , Hlabisa Mzuvele , Govender Logie , Maistry Charlene , Habineza John P. , Israel Priya , Foolchand Serantha , Tsibiyane Nomandla V. , Panday Mala , Soma‐Pillay Priya , Adam Sumaiya , Molokoane Felicia , Mojela Matthew S. , van Rensburg Elizabeth J. , Mashamba Tshililo , Matjila Mushi , Fawcus Sue , Osman Ayesha , Venter Mareli , Petro Gregory , Fakier Ahminah , Langenegger Eduard , Cluver Catherine A. , Bekker Adrie , de Waard Liesl , Stewart Chantal , Ngene Nnabuike C. , Lunda Ongombe , N.Cebekhulu Sylvia , Moodley Siva , Koranteng‐Peprah Mama‐Asu , Ati Emmanuel M. C. , Maswime Salome , Yates Laura M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe risk factors and outcomes of pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 admitted to South African healthcare facilities.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was conducted utilizing an amended International Obstetric Surveillance System protocol. Data on pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalized between April 14, 2020, and November 24, 2020, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 36 hospitals submitted data on 673 infected hospitalized pregnant women; 217 (32.2%) were admitted for COVID‐19 illness and 456 for other indications. There were 39 deaths with a case fatality rate of 6.3%: 32 (14.7%) deaths occurred in women admitted for COVID‐19 illness compared to 7 (1.8%) in women admitted for other indications. Of the women, 106 (15.9%) required critical care. Maternal tuberculosis, but not HIV co‐infection or other co‐morbidities, was associated with admission for COVID‐19 illness. Rates of cesarean delivery did not differ significantly between women admitted for COVID‐19 and those admitted for other indications. There were 179 (35.4%) preterm births, 25 (4.7%) stillbirths, 12 (2.3%) neonatal deaths, and 162 (30.8%) neonatal admissions. Neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly from those of infected women admitted for other indications.ConclusionThe maternal mortality rate was high among women admitted with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and higher in women admitted primarily for COVID‐19 illness with tuberculosis being the only co‐morbidity associated with admission.
Body mass index‐related cesarean section complications in sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asah‐Opoku Kwaku , Pijtak Iris , Nuamah Mercy , Damale Nelson , Bloemenkamp Kitty , Browne Joyce , Rijken Marcus J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity and cesarean section (CS) rates are rising in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), where risks for complications that adversely affect maternal health, such as infections, are high.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to report on the incidence and types of body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters)‐related complications following CS in SSA.Search strategyA systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health Library up to August 2020 using (MeSH) terms related to CS, BMI, and SSA.Selection criteriaQuantitative studies that evaluated BMI‐related complications of CS in English.Data collection and analysisData were extracted using a standardized form. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The incidence of BMI‐related complications at 95% confidence interval was calculated and a meta‐analysis conducted.Main resultsOf 84 articles screened, five were included. Complications associated with a higher BMI were: wound infection, hemorrhage, post‐dural puncture headache, and prolonged surgery time in comparison with patients with a normal BMI. Women with a high BMI (>25.0) have a two‐fold increased risk for post‐cesarean wound infection compared with women with a normal BMI (20.0–24.9) (odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.52).ConclusionOverweight and obesity were associated with CS complications in SSA, but limited research is available.
Recurrent mucinous neoplasm arising in cesarean scar: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Gundogdu Fatma , Orhan Nazlı , Ozgul Nejat , Usubutun Alp 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOvarian mucinous tumors are one of the common epithelial tumors in the ovary, but their recurrence is extremely rare. In a 37‐year‐old female patient who had had five operations in 7 years due to recurrent mucinous neoplasms, a mass extending to the umbilicus was recently detected during a routine examination. With this finding the patient underwent cystectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, and left salpingo‐oophorectomy. Two of the five operations were performed during cesarean delivery. In the recent surgical procedure, two cysts were removed. A 20 cm cyst in the pelvic region was diagnosed as a mucinous cystadenoma. The other cyst located in the myometrium was a mucinous cystadenoma with focal borderline change and arose in the previous cesarean scar. The authors present what is believed to be the first case of recurrent mucinous neoplasm arising within a cesarean scar. A review of the literature concerning the topic is also presented.
Research and scholarly methods: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Baker William L. , Sobieraj Diana M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMeta‐analysis refers to the statistical combination of findings from individual studies and is a component of many published systematic reviews. Several considerations are critically important to ensure researchers conduct a high‐quality study. These include appropriate choice of analytic model, consideration of the presence and sources of heterogeneity, sensitivity/subgroup analyses or meta‐regression where appropriate, and evaluation of small‐study effects, amongst others. Advanced applications such as network meta‐analysis and individual participant data meta‐analysis allow for the comparison of a broad number of potential interventions and evaluating effect modifiers. Various free and subscription‐based software packages are available depending on the needs of the analyst and their familiarity with programming language and contemporary methods. While not an exhaustive review of these methods, we present a general overview of key concepts for those interested in performing or evaluating a meta‐analysis.
Implementation of warfarin to direct oral anticoagulant conversion initiative in pharmacist‐run anticoagulation clinics during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kish Katie , Lekic Sanela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDue to community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), social distancing and stay‐at‐home orders were implemented statewide in an effort to limit the spread of disease. This posed unique challenges for patients on medications requiring close and continued monitoring by clinic staff, such as anticoagulation clinics. Thus, innovative measures were implemented at Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) to maintain the health and care of ambulatory patients. An initiative to evaluate patients for warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) conversion was used in the pharmacist‐run anticoagulation clinics. This article describes how patients were screened for eligibility, the education to pharmacists, the utilization of student learners in the process, and the workflow for provider notification of conversion. Follow up monitoring, challenges encountered, and future directions are also described.
Spectral photokinetic conversion of the fluorescent probes BSB and K114 for improved detection of amyloid assemblies
Authors: Stepanchuk Anastasiia A. , Joseph Jeffrey T. , Stys Peter K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCross‐β‐sheet‐rich protein fibrils are infamous for their accumulation in the brains of patients diagnosed with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disease‐relevant fibrils are a result of deviation of the proteins from their native structure to a misfolded state resulting in aggregation and formation of fibrils. In this study, we explored the phenomenon of light‐induced fluorescence enhancement of amyloid assemblies stained with two amyloid probes (BSB and K114) using Bombyx mori silk and human AD brain sections. The photoconversion effect, accompanied by an increase in fluorescence intensity and spectral blue‐shift, was highly dependent on the chemical structures of the dyes, pH, presence of glycerol and the type of amyloid. The degree of intensity and spectral change over time in response to high laser exposure were quantified and analyzed using custom‐written analysis tools. Our findings provide further insight into possible mechanisms of amyloid‐mediated photoconversion kinetics of K114 and BSB, and may provide more insight into the molecular nature of various amyloid assemblies.
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome among young adults in an annual health check‐up setting
Authors: Javadekar Narendra S , Oka Gauri A , Joshi Ashwini S , Vaste Parag , Tamane Sandeep , Lawate Parimal S 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground and AimSome studies have found a positive association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic syndrome; however, none are from India.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 1040 adults aged between 18 and 50 years. Individuals from the annual health check‐up setting were screened using anthropometry and biochemistry. Based on the results, they were identified as with and without metabolic syndrome. We excluded individuals who were already diagnosed with metabolic syndrome or those who were already on medication for diabetes mellitus or hypertension or dyslipidemia. All the participants were administered the Rome III questionnaire for the diagnosis of IBS.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was found in 307 of 1040 (29.5%) while 33 of 1040 (3.2%) had IBS. The proportion of IBS was not significantly different between participants with and without metabolic syndrome (1.6% vs 3.8% respectively; P = 0.06). Those with IBS had significantly greater mean weight (72.4 vs 67.2 kg; P = 0.009), mean waist circumference (88.8 vs 85.2 cm; P = 0.011), mean body mass index (BMI) (26.2 vs 24.2 kg/m2; P = 0.002), and higher mean fasting glucose (96 vs 89 mg/dL; P < 0.000) respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome and IBS are comparable to previous literature from India. There was no association between metabolic syndrome and IBS.
Organic interventions conferring stress tolerance and crop quality in agroecosystems during the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
Authors: Sarkar Deepranjan , Dubey Pradeep Kumar , Chaurasiya Rajan , Sankar Ardith , Shikha  , Chatterjee Neha , Ganguly Sabuj , Meena Vijay Singh , Meena Sunita Kumari , Parewa Hanuman Prasad , Rakshit Amitava 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExcessive use of synthetic chemicals in conventional agriculture largely degraded the agroecosystems that constitute approximately 40% of the global terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, changing climate resulted in a substantial loss in agricultural productivity (both in quantity and in quality) mainly due to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. This draws public awareness about depleting natural resources, viz., soil, land, and water due to unsustainable agricultural practices and equivalently concerns for food‐related animal and human health risks. Modern organic agriculture has shown positive impacts in terms of food/biomass production, climate resilience, soil health, biodiversity, nutritional security, and good quality of life; and is of prodigious demand for nutrient‐rich organic food products. In the ensuing decade, owing to the principal focus for the quality aspects or health benefits of organic agriculture, this review explores how organic interventions affect the nutritional value and yield quality in a production system; enable plants to adapt to adverse futuristic environmental conditions, and address the global food and nutritional security challenges. The chronological emergence, current global status, public perceptions, and key components of organic agriculture with their attached health benefits are inextricably synthesized herein. Fostering the ethos of organic agriculture under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030) is highly imperative for agroecosystem restoration and its sustainable management. Moreover, the multidimensional paybacks of organic agriculture help in attaining important global goals and targets such as the Bonn Challenge and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs) by the year 2030. Therefore, invigorating the escalation of organic farming as a concurrent strategy of soil, land, and ecosystem restoration is the need of the hour.
The relationship between illness perception and worsening of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome symptoms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Garba Kamaluddeen , Avery Miriam , Yusuh Muhammadbukhoree , Abdelwahab Omar , Harris Scott , Birch Brian R. , Lwaleed Bashir A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate disease perception in a cohort of patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) using the Brief Illness Perception‐Questionnaire (BIP‐Q) and to evaluate how this might relate to disease severity.Materials and MethodsThe study is a cross‐sectional survey amongst members of Bladder Health UK who had previously received a clinical diagnosis of IC/PBS. A hyperlink containing the questionnaire was sent to the patient group's website and interested members accessed and completed the survey. Participants' inclusion was based on a prior clinical diagnosis of IC/PBS, current O'Leary Sant scores supportive of the diagnosis, and age between 18 and 80. A sample size of 171 was used in the study. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIP‐Q) and the O'Leary/Sant symptoms and problem indices questionnaire were used to collect data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationship between items of BIP‐Q and severity of IC/PBS. Content analysis was used for the causal domain and subsequently analysed as percentages.ResultsSix hundred and one members accessed the questionnaire of whom 159 returned completed questionnaires. One hundred and twenty‐two of 159 (≥75%) respondents believe that their illness will continue indefinitely. The majority of the respondents indicated that IC/PBS had a negative impact on their daily lives, caused them worry and made them emotionally unstable. Of the 8 BIP‐Q items, those most predictive of disease severity were (adjusted odd ratio and confidence intervals): consequence 0.094 (0.023–0.386); treatment control 2.702 (1.256–5.812); identity 0.141 (0.033–0.600); concern 9.363 (1.521–57.632).ConclusionsOur findings show that IC/PBS negatively impacts participant's quality of life and emotional wellbeing. Higher expectation for treatment benefit and increasing levels of patient concern are predictive for severity of IC/PBS.
The double ratio geometric process for the analysis of recurrent events
Authors: Wu Shaomin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSince its introduction, the geometric process (GP) has attracted extensive research attention from authors in various research communities, including probability, statistics, and reliability mathematics. However, the GP can only model a process with its gap times (i.e., times between events/failures) having a monotonic trend (either increasing or decreasing). It also implicitly assumes that the level of the modification on the hazard rate functions and that on the age after the occurrence of an event are the same, which is too restrictive and may limit its application. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper extends the GP to a new stochastic model. Probabilistic properties of the proposed model are investigated. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the parameters in the model. Case studies are performed to illustrate the parameter estimation process and obtain favorable performance.
High order weight‐adjusted discontinuous Galerkin methods for wave propagation on moving curved meshes
Authors: Guo Kaihang , Chan Jesse 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents high order accurate discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for wave problems on moving curved meshes with general choices of basis and quadrature. The proposed method adopts an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation to map the wave equation from a time‐dependent moving physical domain onto a fixed reference domain. For moving curved meshes, weighted mass matrices must be assembled and inverted at each time step when using explicit time‐stepping methods. We avoid this step by utilizing an easily invertible weight‐adjusted approximation. The resulting semi‐discrete weight‐adjusted DG scheme is provably energy stable up to a term that (for a fixed time interval) converges to zero with the same rate as the optimal error estimate. Numerical experiments using both polynomial and B‐spline bases verify the high order accuracy and energy stability of proposed methods.
Simultaneous line shift and source parameter inversion applied to a scalar magnetic survey for small unexploded ordnance
Authors: Kolster Mick Emil , Døssing Arne 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTContinuing advances within unmanned aerial vehicles and scalar magnetic sensor technology are revolutionizing geophysical remote sensing. For perspective, examples of high resolution, low noise data presented in this study enabled detection and accurate positioning of human‐made ferrous objects with a total mass of 0.5 kg, from altitudes around and above 2 m. However, with these new possibilities come a requirement of higher fidelity, where good sensor position estimates, in particular, are key to achieving a data quality sufficient for reliable data interpretation and geophysical inversion. Apart from inherent instrument properties, typical factors that hamper sensor position estimation are lag and parallax errors. Lag errors arise from time‐stamping delays between the positioning system and sensor reading, while parallax errors stem from the imperfect recovery of sensor positions due to a decoupling and/or distancing of the positioning system and sensor head. The impact from each of these error sources is typically similar and partially or even completely inseparable. A number of correctional techniques exist, typically based on large‐scale data correlations, or collection of specific additional data. We present a survey data adjustment method based on the simultaneous inversion of source parameters and a number of independent survey shifts or lags in pre‐specified sections of a survey. The method is particularly suited for surveys where the sensor path through space can be assumed well known, but the sensor position itself may suffer lags or shifts relative to the position measurement. The approach is based on modelling an existing source signature within the data and requires no data transformations, such as continuation to a two‐dimensional plane, or enforcing of smoothness. The approach is an amendment to independent source inversion and is ideal for scenarios where the source behaviour is thought to be well known, such as processing efforts in which the objective is source–parameter inversion. In this study, we validate the approach using a simple point‐dipole model to adjust synthetic data and subsequently demonstrate it on an unmanned airborne scalar magnetic survey for small unexploded ordnance targets, where a hardware malfunction resulted in unknown time‐shifts between magnetic sensor readings and positioning unit output. The adjustment procedure was carried out on line data, based on a single anomaly from a 155 mm shell, and enabled the recovery of signatures from several other ferrous unexploded ordnance targets as small as 0.5 kg. Subsequent inversion on the corrected signatures provided unexploded ordnance positions with an accuracy suitable for recovery purposes.