bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometric analysis of digesta does not improve the allergenicity assessment of GM crops
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Bauman Patricia A. , Goodwin Laurie , Islamovic Emir , Ma Eric H. , Serrano Hector , Silvanovich Andre , Simmons Abigail R. , Song Ping , Tetteh Afua O. , Wang Rong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn investigation of the potential allergenicity of newly expressed proteins in genetically modified (GM) crops comprises part of the assessment of GM crop safety. However, allergenicity is not completely predictable from a definitive assay result or set of protein characteristics, and scientific opinions regarding the data that should be used to assess allergenicity are continuously evolving. Early studies supported a correlation between the stability of a protein exposed to digestive enzymes such as pepsin and the protein’s status as a potential allergen, but over time the conclusions of these earlier studies were not confirmed. Nonetheless, many regulatory authorities, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), continue to require digestibility analyses as a component of GM crop risk assessments. Moreover, EFSA has recently investigated the use of mass spectrometry (MS), to make digestion assays more predictive of allergy risk, because it can detect and identify small undigested peptides. However, the utility of MS is questionable in this context, since known allergenic peptides are unlikely to exist in protein candidates intended for commercial development. These protein candidates are pre-screened by the same bioinformatics processes that are normally used to identify MS targets. Therefore, MS is not a standalone allergen identification method and also cannot be used to predict previously unknown allergenic epitopes. Thus, the suggested application of MS for analysis of digesta does not improve the poor predictive power of digestion assays in identifying allergenic risk.
(Digitale) Elternzusammenarbeit in Kindertageseinrichtungen während der Corona-Pandemie. Digitalisierungsschub oder verpasste Chance?
Authors: Cohen Franziska , Oppermann Elisa , Anders Yvonne 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Schließung von Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kita) als Maßnahme zur Eindämmung des Corona-Virus stellte frühpädagogische Fachkräfte kurzfristig vor veränderte Tätigkeitsbedingungen und Möglichkeiten, den weiterhin bestehenden Bildungsauftrag umzusetzen. Die Zusammenarbeit mit Eltern, mit und ohne digitale Medien, spielt in dieser Hinsicht eine wichtige Rolle. Der Beitrag untersucht a) wie häufig und in welcher Form Fachkräfte die Elternzusammenarbeit in der Corona-Schließzeit umsetzten, b) welche Einstellungen frühpädagogische Fachkräfte zu digital-gestützter und allgemeiner Elternzusammenarbeit in der Corona-Schließzeit hatten und c) welche Rolle die Qualifikation der Fachkräfte, ihre Einstellungen und ihre wahrgenommene Unterstützung im Hinblick für die digitale und nicht digitale Elternzusammenarbeit in der Corona-Schließzeit spielten. Datenbasis bildet eine bundesweite Onlinebefragung von 3513 Fachkräften in Kitas während der Corona-Schließzeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene eigene Rolle im Hinblick auf die Elternzusammenarbeit einen positiven Einfluss darauf hat, ob mit den Eltern Kontakt aufgenommen wurde. Ob dieser Kontakt über digitale Medien passiert, hängt unter anderem von den Einstellungen der Fachkräfte zu digitalen Medien, der erwarteten Reaktion der Eltern auf diese Form der Elternzusammenarbeit und von der technischen Unterstützung im Implementationsprozess digitaler Medien in der Elternzusammenarbeit ab. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf strukturelle Bedingungen von Einrichtungen und professionelle Kompetenzen frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte für eine breite Implementierung digitaler Medien in der frühpädagogischen Praxis diskutiert.
Effect of anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tieleman R. G. , Klok F. A. , Belfroid E. , Hoogervorst-Schilp J. , Schalkers I. , Jansen C. W. , Siebelink H. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, an increased incidence of thromboembolic events, such as pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis and stroke, has been reported. It is unknown whether anticoagulation can prevent these complications and improve outcome.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed to answer the question: What is the effect of (prophylactic and therapeutic dose) anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19 patients on cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications and clinical outcome? Relevant outcome measures were mortality (crucial), hospital admission, length of stay, thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism, stroke, transient ischaemic attack), need for mechanical ventilation, acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy. Medline and Embase databases were searched with relevant search terms until 17 July 2020. After systematic analysis, eight studies were included. Analysis was stratified for the start of anticoagulation before or during hospital admission.

Results
There was insufficient evidence that therapeutic anticoagulation could improve the outcome in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. None of the studies demonstrated improved mortality, except for one very small Italian study. Furthermore, none of the studies showed a positive effect of anticoagulation on other outcome measures in COVID-19, such as ICU admission, length of hospital stay, thromboembolic complications, need for mechanical ventilation, acute kidney failure or need for renal replacement therapy, except for two studies demonstrating an association between anticoagulation and a lower incidence of pulmonary embolism. However, the level of evidence of all studies varied from ‘low’ to ‘very low’, according to the GRADE methodology.

Conclusion
Analysis of the literature showed that there was insufficient evidence to answer our objective on the effect of anticoagulation on outcome in COVID-19 patients, especially due to the low scientific quality of the described studies. Randomised controlled studies are needed to answer this question.
Identification and assessment of a nonlinear dynamic actuator model for controlling an experimental flexible wing
Authors: Tang Martin , Böswald Marc , Govers Yves , Pusch Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of nonlinear actuator dynamics on the performance of an active load alleviation system for an experimental flexible wing is studied. Common nonlinearities such as backlash or rate limits are considered for the control surface actuator. An aeroelastic simulation model of a flexible wing with control surface is being used. With this, a parameter study is carried out to quantify the impact of the individual nonlinearities on the overall closed-loop performance by means of describing functions. Finally, the nonlinear actuator model with parameters identified from dedicated tests is experimentally validated allowing for an accurate prediction of the expected gust load alleviation performance.
On the cohomology of certain subspaces of $$\text {Sym}^n(\mathbb {P}^1)$$ and Occam’s razor for Hodge structures
Authors: Banerjee Oishee 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVakil and Matchett-Wood (Discriminants in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, 2013. arXiv:1208.3166) made several conjectures on the topology of symmetric powers of geometrically irreducible varieties based on their computations on motivic zeta functions. Two of those conjectures are about subspaces of $$\text {Sym}^n(\mathbb {P}^1)$$

Sym
n

(

P

1

)

. In this note, we disprove one of them and prove a stronger form of the other, thereby obtaining (counter)examples to the principle of Occam’s razor for Hodge structures.
Study of non-metric characters of the skull to determine the epigenetic variability in populations of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris) and domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Lehmann Lisa , Stefen Clara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe studied the variability of non-metric cranial traits, mainly foramina, of European wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) and domestic cats (Felis catus) from Germany based on 28 non-metric traits in 211 skulls. The domestic cats were grouped together as a statistical population. The wildcats were divided into two populations: Harz and Hesse, which were further subdivided, based on traffic infrastructure, natural landscape, and in the Harz, on time period. Epigenetic variability, epigenetic distance and the fluctuating asymmetry were calculated to assess genetic variability, possible depressions and population stability. The epigenetic variabilityIevof the wildcat groups ranged from 0.27 (Hesse II) to 0.40 (Harz I). The difference inIevbetween all specimens from Harz and Hesse respectively was less (Iev = 0.37 Harz and 0.31 Hesse). Compared to other studies these values are not assumed to indicate genetic depression. The epigenetic distance between the wildcat samples is 0.0774 overall, and in each case higher between sub-groups of the Harz and Hesse than between groups within these regions, respectively. The significant epigenetic distance between Harz and Hesse might indicate—at least past formerly—restricted connectivity between these regions. The fluctuating asymmetry for wildcats in total is 11.74% and in the sub-groups it ranges from 8.47 to 16.14%. These values are below 20% are at the lower range known from populations of other mammal species. The use of fluctuating asymmetry had also been discussed critically in its usefulness to assess viability of populations.
Global trends in diabetes‐related mortality with regard to lifestyle modifications, risk factors, and affordable management: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Khaltaev Nikolai , Axelrod Svetlana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), a global reduction of 17% has been achieved in the major noncommunicable disease‐associated mortality rate since 2000. This decline was due to the decreasing mortality associated with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. The WHO has not made any comments on diabetes‐related mortality thus far. The objective of this study was to demonstrate trends in diabetes‐related mortality associated with country‐wide interventions.MethodsThe WHO statistics were used to assess trends in diabetes‐related mortality from 2000 to 2016. Different types of community‐based interventions in 49 countries were compared and assessed.ResultsThe baseline mortality decreased by 7%. Mortality in middle‐income countries was higher than that in high‐income countries. The prevalence of obesity showed a gradual increase in all countries. After implementation of the WHO “best buy” in 2010, mortality increased in 17 countries and decreased in 32 countries. Regarding the smoking prevalence trend, 87% countries with decreasing diabetes‐related mortality had a gradual decline in tobacco usage since 2000. The decline was observed only in 43% countries with increasing diabetes‐related mortality. The prevalence of hypertension increased in 19% countries with declining diabetes‐related mortality and in 35% countries with increasing diabetes‐related mortality. Physical activity measures tended to be better implemented in countries with declining diabetes‐related mortality than in countries with increasing diabetes‐related mortality.ConclusionSmoking cessation and better blood pressure control are associated with declining diabetes‐related mortality. Longer implementation periods are needed for other lifestyle interventions.
Beads, Pixels, andNkisi: Contemporary Kinois Art and Reconfigurations of the Virtual
Authors: Pype Katrien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the 2016 Abiola Lecture, Mbembe argued that “the plasticity of digital forms speaks powerfully to the plasticity of African precolonial cultures and to ancient ways of working with representation and mediation, of folding reality.” In her commentary, Pype tries to understand what “speaking powerfully to” can mean. She first situates the Abiola Lecture within a wide range of exciting and ongoing scholarship that attempts to understand social transformations on the continent since the ubiquitous uptake of the mobile phone, and its most recent incarnation, the smartphone. She then analyzes the aesthetics of artistic projects by Alexandre Kyungu, Yves Sambu, and Hilaire Kuyangiko Balu, where wooden doors, tattoos, beads, saliva, and nails correlate with the Internet, pixels, and keys of keyboards and remote controls. Finally, Pype asks to whom the congruence between the aesthetics of a “precolonial” Congo and the digital speaks. In a society where “the past” is quickly demonized, though expats and the commercial and political elite pay thousands of dollars for the discussed art works, Pype argues that this congruence might be one more manifestation of capitalism’s cannibalization of a stereotypical image of “Africa.”
Unusual host selection inAmblycerus disparlarvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) and its potential impact on stored almonds (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Agrain Federico A. , Hernández Del Pino Santiago , López-García Guillermo P. , Roig-Juñent Sergio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present the first report ofAmblycerus dispar(Sharp) attacking stored almonds [Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D. A. Webb] in Argentina. A summarized diagnosis, illustrations, and photographs of the adult and mature larva are provided to facilitate identification. We performed species distribution models forA. disparand its main host plantGeoffroea decorticans(Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.) Burkart. We includeA. disparinto a previous morphological character matrix and conduct a phylogenetic analysis to infer its phylogenetic position. The evolution of host plant associations of the genusAmblycerusis herein re-analyzed.A. disparand its main host shows high suitability areas especially in central-west Argentina and Chile, whereas for the USA, high suitability areas were found for the south-western which include the area of almond production in this country. Although the presence ofA. disparin the USA region is very unlikely, we recommend some awareness as other bruchines are present in the area. AlthoughA. disparis unlikely to become an economically important risk, monitoring for early detection is recommended to avoid productivity loss, especially when the native host is nearby cultivated areas.A. disparis hypothesized to be the sister species ofA. schwarziKingsolver. The colonization of a Rosaceae species is a novelty for this genus, being host shifts known as an important factor affecting both natural and agricultural systems.
ARISTOTLE, METAPHYSICS A 10, 993A13–15: A NEW READING AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR THE UNITY OF BOOK ALPHA
Authors: Kotwick Mirjam E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article argues for an emendation in Aristotle's Metaphysics A 10, 993a13–15. The emendation is based on a hitherto overlooked reading preserved in Alexander of Aphrodisias’ commentary on A 7. First, the article problematizes the reading of the Metaphysics manuscripts in terms of syntax, diction and content. Second, it shows that Alexander's reading is free of all three problems. Third, it argues for the originality of Alexander's reading according to the principle utrum in alterum abiturum erat? and based on the fact that the new reading reveals a subtle didactic link between A 7 and A 10 that sheds new light on the argumentative architecture of Metaphysics Book A.
DLPFC volume is a neural correlate of resilience in healthy high-risk individuals with both childhood maltreatment and familial risk for depression
Authors: Brosch Katharina , Stein Frederike , Meller Tina , Schmitt Simon , Yuksel Dilara , Ringwald Kai Gustav , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Lemke Hannah , Opel Nils , Meinert Susanne , Dohm Katharina , Grotegerd Dominik , Goltermann Janik , Repple Jonathan , Winter Alexandra , Jansen Andreas , Dannlowski Udo , Nenadić Igor , Kircher Tilo , Krug Axel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTwo prominent risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) are childhood maltreatment (CM) and familial risk for MDD. Despite having these risk factors, there are individuals who maintain mental health, i.e. are resilient, whereas others develop MDD. It is unclear which brain morphological alterations are associated with this kind of resilience. Interaction analyses of risk and diagnosis status are needed that can account for complex adaptation processes, to identify neural correlates of resilience.MethodsWe analyzed brain structural data (3T magnetic resonance imaging) by means of voxel-based morphometry (CAT12 toolbox), using a 2 × 2 design, comparing four groups (N = 804) that differed in diagnosis (healthy v. MDD) and risk profiles (low-risk, i.e. absence of CM and familial risk v. high-risk, i.e. presence of both CM and familial risk). Using regions of interest (ROIs) from the literature, we conducted an interaction analysis of risk and diagnosis status.ResultsVolume in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), was significantly higher in healthy high-risk individuals. There were no significant results for the bilateral superior frontal gyri, frontal poles, pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyri, and the right MFG.ConclusionsThe healthy high-risk group had significantly higher volumes in the left DLPFC compared to all other groups. The DLPFC is implicated in cognitive and emotional processes, and higher volume in this area might aid high-risk individuals in adaptive coping in order to maintain mental health. This increased volume might therefore constitute a neural correlate of resilience to MDD in high risk.
KNOWLEDGE AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF
Authors: Antognazza Maria Rosa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductions to epistemology routinely define knowledge as a kind of belief which meets certain criteria. In the first two sections of this article, I discuss this account and its application to religious epistemology by the influential movement known as Reformed Epistemology. In the last section, I argue that the controversial consequences drawn from this account by Reformed Epistemology offer one of the best illustrations of the untenability of a conception of knowledge as a kind of belief. I conclude by sketching an alternative account of cognition which also provides a different framework for religious epistemology.
C/NOFS, COSMIC and GNSS Observations of Plasma Irregularity During the Evening and Nighttimes in East African Sector
Authors: Tilahun Samson 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive view of the evening and nighttime ionospheric irregularities using Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS), Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC), and Global Navigation Satellite System GPS satellites were carried out over the east African region during June and September 2014. The strength of the pre‐reversal enhancement measured by C/NOFS during June and September shows a direct relationship with the mean rate of change of TEC index observation for respective months at both ADIS and BDMT GPS‐sites in Ethiopia. Simultaneous measurements of C/NOFS ion density and Scintillation Networks and Decision Aid dedicated scintillation show strong and weak ionospheric irregularities during September and June, respectively. Most importantly C/NOFS has detected the deep plasma irregularities in the local time range of 20:00–21:00. A significant decrease in ion density within the plasma irregularity became much smaller between 21:00–01:00 LT.
Regional Subsidence Analysis Through a Multi‐Scale Modeling Framework Based on Breakage Mechanics
Authors: Chen Yanni , Lizárraga José , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough poroelastic models are often used to explain the delay between subsurface fluid depletion and ground subsidence, inelastic compaction involving permanent changes of rock microstructure may exacerbate hydro‐mechanical coupling, thus influencing the interpretation of measurements and long‐term forecasts. Here, a multi‐scale modeling approach is discussed, which accounts for the inherent connection between rock microstructure, hydraulic conductivity, and pore compaction. A constitutive model built within the framework of breakage mechanics is proposed to link the hydraulic conductivity of granular rocks with inelastic deformations and changes in grading caused by injection‐depletion cycles at stress levels far from yielding. The proposed model has been incorporated into large‐scale simulation frameworks, thus enabling the spatiotemporal mapping of regional subsidence through a hybrid, semi‐analytical approach. Numerical results based on this strategy show that the model allows isolating near‐field and far‐field effects into the computation of land subsidence and can generate forecasts for different modeling scenarios (e.g., elastic and inelastic compaction, constant permeability, and concurrent change of compressibility and permeability). In particular, examples of simulations for the case of the Groningen gas field are discussed, showing the model capabilities to use both field measurements and laboratory tests for the generation of reasonable subsidence maps, without expensive computational costs. Results indicate that ignoring coupled inelastic effects has major consequences on the predicted timescale of subsidence. Specifically, while all the model scenarios produced similar long‐term ground settlements, those ignoring breakage‐dependent permeability changes result in a variation of the temporal window of residual subsidence of the order of several decades.
Isoprene Emissions Response to Drought and the Impacts on Ozone and SOA in China
Authors: Wang Peng , Liu Yiming , Dai Jianing , Fu Xiao , Wang Xuemei , Guenther Alex , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAmong the various environmental factors that affect isoprene emissions, drought has only been given limited attention. Four different drought response (DR) schemes were implemented in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN, version 2.1), and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to investigate the drought impacts on air quality during both drought and normal years in China. Generally, all DR schemes decrease isoprene emissions except for mild drought conditions. The significant decrease and even termination of isoprene emissions are predicted in South China under severe drought conditions. During the drought period, the DR scheme considering both mild and severe drought (SMD) improves the model performance especially in severe drought‐hit regions when compared with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) averaged formaldehyde vertical column density (HCHO VCD). The results show that most of the DR schemes decrease simulated ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA) levels. For both O3 and SOA, noticeable changes are predicted in the Sichuan Basin (5 ppb and 4 µg m−3 for O3 and SOA, respectively). This investigation is the first modeling study to investigate the impacts of isoprene drought response on air quality in China.