bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of livestock manure as a source of biogas for renewable energy
Authors: Kusumandari K. , Iriani Y. , Suryana R. , Nurosyid F. , Widiyandari H. , Khairuddin K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Research on energy resources other than oil and gas continues to be conducted. Indonesia as an agricultural country has abundant natural resources that can be used as an alternative energy source, namely bioenergy. One type of bioenergy is biogas which is derived from organic waste from plants and livestock manure. In this study, optimization of the utilization of livestock manure as a source of biogas is carried out by creating a household biogas system. The type of reactor in this study is a fixed digester. Livestock manure came from five cattle with the amount of around 15 kg/day of each. The ratio of livestock manure and water is of 1: 1 Optimization is done by functional test and combustion test on the 15th day. The range of tests is 30 – 40 of pressure. And it reaches an optimum value at a pressure of 40. The temporary gas reservoir made from tires that are connected between the digester tank and the stove is used to maintain the gas supply from the digester tank. Moreover, the flame can burn steadily for up to more than one hour of use. Finally, this biogas system from livestock manure is expected to be used as alternative energy for a rural area.
Investigating plasma discharge characteristics using current voltage measurement
Authors: Mahardhika Yan , Anwar Miftahul , Saraswati Teguh E. , Adriyanto Feri , Chico Hermanu B.A. , Anjarwati Lia , Fadhilah Ramanda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plasma technology is one of the technologies that can help in various sectors. The development of research on plasma technology has several benefits, for instance to process certain materials or produce some nanomaterials in an industrial sector, to treat more waste in an environmental sector, to purify drinking water in a food sector, and various other sectors. This study is to observe characteristics of current and voltage on plasma discharge using 15 kV Boost Inverter device as a source of plasma generation and to find the energy needed or consumed in plasma discharge events between two electrodes. For measurement, current and voltage sensors are installed simultaneously on each side to measure the real-time value during plasma discharge events. Mathematical calculations are also carried out to identify the value of electric power and energy. As a result, based on secondary current values, the type of plasma release can be considered as corona plasma type, since the value reaches the order of microamperes (10−6 A) with several visible physical features. Based on calculations, the electrical power needed to produce plasma is in the range of 8.77 × 10−5 to 2.36 Watt, with an average consumption value of ± 0.43 Watt per second. For the value of electrical energy produced has the largest value which reaches a value ± 6.78 × 10−5 Joule with an average energy used per second of ± 6.72 × 10−6 Joules per second.
Integrating motion capture in a virtual reality intervention planning platform to study radiation protection measures for the ATLAS inner detector decommissioning
Authors: Cryer A. , Kapellmann-Zafra G. , Marin-Reyes H. , Lohwasser K. , Steel A. , Veale K. , Jaekel M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
An intervention planning and evaluation platform has been developed to enable dose estimation and personnel training for the ATLAS inner detector decommissioning. The present paper describes the integration of motion capture into the system, including the dose estimation results for the recorded decommissioning steps.
Modelling and Simulation of Water Pollution Diffusion with Seasonal Unsteady Input Flows: A Case Study from China
Authors: Chen Rui , Xu Zhongwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of its threats to public health and the ecology, water pollution is now recognized as one of the most crucial problems facing the environment, the main source of which is industrial waste. This paper examined the diffusion principle when industrial production activities are irregular and the input flows into the river are unsteady. Under a one-point pollution source with an unsteady input flow assumption, a one-dimensional diffusion model was developed that has an initial parabolic flow condition, for which a Jacobian-matrix-based finite-difference solution method was proposed. Finally, various practical scenarios were simulated, such as varying river flow velocities and degradation coefficients, to address the severe water pollution in the Tuojiang River Basin in the upper Yangtze River Basin in China, from which several useful managerial implications were elucidated to address complex real-life scenarios.
Study on The Relationship Between Silt Density Index and Turbidity in Wastewater Membrane Treatment
Authors: Guo Zhibin , Du Xiaolin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the development of the city, the problem of wastewater is becoming more and more serious. In wastewater treatment, membrane treatment technology is becoming more and more mature. In membrane treatment technology, the SDI value of filtered water is a key indicator to show the treatment capacity, which has a great relationship with the turbidity of sewage. In this paper, the relationship between turbidity and SDI of effluent was studied in the same membrane treatment.
Characteristics and sustainability of land salinization and utilization in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Wang Jiafan , Gao Mingxiu , Xu Zexin , Xie Xiaoxin , Li Ruiyan , Wang Hongjia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is of great significance to strengthen the research on the relationship between land use/cover and environmental sustainable development. Taking Hekou District in the Yellow River Delta as an example, based on “3S” technology, using the methods of field investigation, sampling test and statistical analysis, combining remote sensing classification with spatial interpolation, the land information is accurately extracted, and the land salinization and utilization characteristics and their matching relationship are analyzed. The spatial characteristics of land use in Hekou District are obvious. Cultivated land is concentrated in the southwest and southeast, a little in the middle. Aquaculture water surface and saline wasteland are concentrated in the northeast and northwest coastal area. Construction land is concentrated in the south, and salt pan fields are mainly distributed in the northwest. The spatial distribution of soil salinization in Hekou District increased from southwest to east and north in spring, showing strong variability. The spatial distribution and quantity of land use and salinization are in the relationship of "overall matching and partial mismatch". Land use should be adjusted according to the characteristics of salinization and land demand. Hekou District should strengthen the protection of cultivated land, develop characteristic gardens and animal husbandry, explore the multi-functional utilization of saline land resources, and promote regional ecological improvement and sustainable development.
Research on the Impact of Economic Growth of the Northeastern Old Industrial Base on Environmental Pollution-Taking Liaoning Province as an Example
Authors: Lei Pang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper takes the impact of economic growth on environmental pollution in Liaoning Province as the research object. After analyzing the status quo of economic growth and environmental pollution in Liaoning Province, four environmental pollution indicators (industrial wastewater discharge, industrial waste gas emissions, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, and industrial dust emissions) and an economic growth indicator (per capita GDP) are selected. After an economic model is established to focus on the real impact of Liaoning’s economic growth on environmental pollution, it is found that the impact of Liaoning’s economic growth on environmental pollution does not conform to the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve. Through analysis, it is concluded that economic growth has affected the four environmental indicators to varying degrees. Among them, industrial wastewater discharge, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, and industrial dust emissions drop after rising, and industrial dust emissions have been on the rise all the time. Considering the realities and characteristics of Liaoning Province, the author has proposed five countermeasures and suggestions for coordinating the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in Liaoning Province, which are, optimize the industrial structure to promote economic development in the direction of environmental protection; focus on pollution prevention to take a new road to industrialization of circular economy; tap the full potential of market mechanism to realize the innovation of environmental protection system; actively promote the application of low-carbon energy to increase its proportion in total energy consumption; increase investment in environmental protection to improve investment structure and efficiency of environmental protection.
Characteristics of biochar and its role in the remediation of heavy metals in soil
Authors: Zhang Zuozhe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
With the increasing threat of soil heavy metal pollution to the quality of agricultural products and human health, biochar has been widely studied as a substance that can effectively adsorb heavy metals. This study reviewed the preparation of biochar as well as its types and properties and discussed the role and potential risks of biochar in the remediation of heavy metals in soil. Heavy metal pollution in the soil mainly comes from industrial pollution discharge, good drainage, the usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other illegal applications, and it has great influence on plants, human health and soil environment. Biochar can not only adsorb heavy metals in the soil effectively, but also keep the soil fertile and improve crop yields. In addition, different properties of biochar are controlled by different raw materials and production conditions, such as pH, specific surface area and cation exchange capacity. These properties also determine their different interaction mechanisms. The direct effects mainly include complexation, reduction, ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and precipitation, while the brief effects affect the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The risk of biochar application that provides the basis for the production and utilization of biochar in the future was also discussed in the end.
Land use assessment using indices of heavy metal contamination in soils from intensive agricultural areas
Authors: Sun Qian , Qi Wei , Jiang Wenhui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals is often caused by industrial and agricultural activities, which directly affects environment quality and food safety, especially for farmlands. To develop indicators for making proper decisions regarding land use, the Soil Heavy Metal Contamination Evaluation System including the Single Pollution Index (Pi), the Nemerow Pollution Index (PINemerow), the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and the Contamination Severity Index (CSI) was developed using data from 499 samples collected from an area of 2017 km2. A risk assessment zoning solution based on PPRC (the Soil Heavy Metal Contamination Evaluation System including Pi, PINemerow, RI and CSI) was proposed, and the study area was mapped for four risk assessment zones as follows: no risk zone, very low risk zone, low risk zone, and intermediate risk zone. Four land use strategies (priority protection, protection, comprehensive monitoring, and warning and control) were proposed. Generally, the risk assessment zoning solution based on PPRC-defined minimizes the potential ecological risk to the land for the scientific evaluation of heavy metal pollution in areas of intensive agricultural activity.
Study on sedimentary characteristics of warping dam under different silting states in Chabagou watershed
Authors: Li Ma , YongXin Ni , XiZhi Lv , QiuFen Zhang , Nan Liu Lin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is the premise and foundation of the study on the laws of sediment transport and deposition to deeply analyze the sedimentary characteristics of warping dams in different siltation states under rainstorm conditions. Taking Chabagou basin as the research area, based on the sediment deposition information of different types of warping dams in the basin, linear regression and correlation analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of dam deposition under different silting conditions in Chabagou basin. The results show that: (1) The maximum sediment depth and average sediment depth of warping dams under different sediment conditions are as follows: blocking dam > waterlogging dam > intact dam > full dam; (2) The sediment depth of warping dams under different sediment conditions has an exponential negative correlation with the ratio of dam field to dam-controlled watershed area, and the correlation coefficient of blocking dam is best(0.7267); (3) Warping dams average modulus of intercepting sediment with different siltation types is as follows: blocking dam 14274 t/km2, intact dam 12480 t/km2, waterlogging dam 11725 t/km2, full dam 3350 t/km2.
Judicial Application of Environmental Pollution Crime in the Soil Field of China: An Empirical Analysis of 103 Judgements
Authors: Li Kexuan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To clarify the judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in the field of soil, this article will combine the research of environmental criminal law and soil field, and allow a method of empirical analysis for cases of environmental pollution crime in the soil field through categorical integration. Results showed that environmental pollution crime of soil field was mainly committed by the natural person; the term of fixed-term imprisonment and the amount of criminal fine were low; the defendant had a good attitude to plead guilty; the application of penal auxiliary measures was mainly focused on confiscatory auxiliary measures.
Study on the effect of equivalence ratio on laminar combustion velocity of ABE with different component contents
Authors: Jinying Xiong , Yingzhe Hou , Qiguan Cui , Yiwen Liu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Through the methods of spherical propagation flame test and one-dimensional planar flame numerical simulation, the combustion characteristics of premixed laminar flow of acetone-n-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fuel with different volume ratios at 0.1MPa and 298K were studied. The results show that with the increase of the equivalence ratio, the laminar combustion velocity of the ABE mixture with different component contents increases first and then decreases, and the maximum value was obtained near the equivalence ratio of 1.1.
Application of graphene and its compounds in pretreatment of environmental samples
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhao Yanbiao , Wenwu  , Zheng Hui , Gao Lisheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to its large surface area, good mechanism strength and thermal stability, graphene is recognized as an ideal extractant of organic matters, especially aromatics and has been widely used in pretreatment of environmental samples, such as in solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Modifying the graphene with three-dimensional aerogel and compounds can improve its extraction performance. Graphene can extract organics because of the delocalized π bond, its hydrophobicity, electrostatic interaction and the hydrogen bond, and its extraction performance differs as the conditions vary. In particular, the pH value, the ionic strength, the extraction temperature and time, the eluant, the desorption temperature and time have significant impacts on the extraction results. In this paper, we analyzed the impacts of these factors from the mechanism perspective, with a vision to provide a theoretical basis for application of graphene and its compounds in pretreatment of environmental samples.
Numerical Study of Typhoon Resistance of a Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Qiu Boyuan , Ren Li , Li Xin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Numerical model of a floating wind turbine is established by reference to the 5 MW wind turbine of American national renewable energy laboratory (NREL). CFD method and Morison formula are used to calculate the wind and wave load under typhoon conditions. According to the geometric distribution of mooring system, the static extreme tension of the chains is estimated, and a safety factor of 3 is used to determine the nominal diameter of the chains. The nonlinear finite element iterative algorithm is adopted to calculate the initial shape and length of the chains, and then the dynamic response of the structure and tensions of the chains under coupled wind and wave actions are obtained through AQWA. The analysis results show that the floating wind turbine is stable under the action of typhoon and waves, the maximum surge displacement of the spar is 10.9m and the maximum pitch angle is 10.4°, and the maximum tension of the mooring system is smaller than the breaking load.
Finite Element Analysis of Welding Residual Stress in Longdistance Gas Pipeline
Authors: Cheng Yeye , Wang Hehui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper takes L415 pipeline steel as the research object. The temperature field and stress field of the gas pipeline welding process are numerically simulated by using ANSYS finite element analysis software. Gradient meshing is adopted by the finite element model. The simulation of the welding heat source is realized by the band heat source model, and ANSYS is used to load the heat source in a APDL command program. In the simulation process, the element birth and death technology is used to simulate the generation of weld material, and the material constitutive relationship is a bilinear follow-up strengthening elastoplastic model that changes with temperature. The simulation results show that applying the heat source in the form of heat generation rate with a belt-shaped heat source can realize effective calculation of the residual stress field of multi-layer and multi-pass welding. The calculation results in this paper provide a mechanical reference for pipeline installation and operation.
Influence of polarity and pressure on the SF6 decomposition characteristics under DC voltage
Authors: Wei Jiaqiang , Zhong Lipeng , Gong Shangkun , Tang Bin , Wan Tao , Liu Kai , Hu Xu , Wu Junjie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A comparative study of the decomposition characteristic of SF6 under direct voltage with different polarities and pressure was conducted in this paper. The changes of discharge capacity, discharge energy and decomposition product concentrations were observed and analyzed in detail. The results indicate that SF6 decomposition characteristics are closely related to polarity and pressure. Discharge energy and concentrations of decomposition products under positive polarity are obviously higher than those under negative polarity, which can be explained by different discharge energy and distribution characteristic of space charges. Concentrations of typical products including SOF2, SO2F2, and SO2 decrease with the increasing pressure according to the decreasing effective dissociation volume.
Design of Interactive Device on Climate Warming Based on Arduino, an Open-source Hardware
Authors: Chenxuan Guo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, new media art has flourished as the focus of contemporary art and its creative potential has been greatly unlocked by Arduino, a convenient and fast open-source electronic prototyping platform. It is the application of Arduino that makes artworks more dynamic and appealing, so it is easier for viewers to resonate with the emotions that the artworks convey. Moreover, as the relationship between human society and the ecological environment has become increasingly closer, environmental issues have sparked heated discussions, in which designers and artists also participate with their unique artistic language. The device, “City Countdown”, stands as an artistic creation and it is designed in accordance with the reflection on the current global warming and is supported by Arduino, an open-source hardware platform. This artwork intends to achieve the interaction between viewers and itself, so as to guide people to realize the negative impact of human activities on climate change, and to further reflect on the today’s human life.
Distribution, Migration, and Conversion of Groundwater Manganese and Soil Manganese in a Chemical Cluster
Authors: Hao Zang , Fan Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taking a chemical cluster as the study area, this paper investigated the spatial distribution of manganese in the groundwater and soil environments and analyzed the changes of manganese content in groundwater over time. The study results show that: the manganese content in groundwater of the cluster is relatively stable over time; however, it shows the charactertistics of aggregation and concentration in scattered spots and local areas on a plane surface; the content of manganese in groundwater is highly correlated with that in the soil enviornment; in groundwater, manganese diffuses along water flows, resulting in a pollution plume, while in the soil environment, it migrates vertically from the shallow soil layer to the deep soil layer and then to the groundwater or directly goes to the groundwater due to the leaching of rainwater; at the same time, the humind environment of the culster, a low pH value, intense reduction actions, and the increase of Mn2+ content all make the manganese pollution worse.
Study on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Polycyclic Pollutants
Authors: Yan Tingchun , Geng Yan , Wang Manning , Li Songhe , Quan Yue 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, electrochemical method was used to treat Rhodamine B (RB) wastewater. This paper discussed the influence of electrolysis time, voltage, electrolyte concentration and wastewater concentration on the decolorization rate of RB. The results showed that when the concentration of RB wastewater was 100.0 mg/L, 1.5 L, cathode was titanium mesh, anode was stainless steel mesh, electrode distance was 3.0 cm, 0.10 mol/L KCl was electrolyte, aeration volume was 1.20 L/min, voltage was 7.0 V, electrolysis time was 30.0 min, decolorization rate was 98.0%; the concentration wastewater was 150.0 mg/L, decolorization rate reached 95.49%.
Emergency Control Strategy for Line Overload Considering Power Source and Load Fluctuation
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Wang Fei , Qiu Jifu , Chen Fan , Lu Zhipeng , Chen Ming , Niu Qingda , Dong Xiaoming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Uncertain factors such as the integration of renewable energy into the grid and load fluctuations have brought more risks to the safe dispatch of the grid. The random power flow is used to calculate the impact of distributed power sources and load fluctuations on the grid, and to quantify the probability distribution of line power, which can avoid the drawbacks of deterministic power flow that cannot fully reflect the line overload risk. Combining the line overload level with the traditional load shedding method can effectively prevent the system from cascading failures caused by the risk of line overload, improve the optimistic calculation results caused by the load shedding strategy in emergency situations that cannot consider source load fluctuations, and make the grid control more safe and reliable.