bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and biodegradability of a synthetic dural sealant patch (Liqoseal) in a porcine cranial model
Authors: Kinaci Ahmet , Bergmann Wilhelmina , van Thoor Sander , Redegeld Saskia , van der Zwan Albert , van Doormaal Tristan P. C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiqoseal consists of a watertight layer of poly(ester)ether urethane and an adhesive layer containing polyethylene glycol‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (PEG‐NHS). It is designed to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after intradural surgery. This study assessed the safety and biodegradability of Liqoseal in a porcine craniotomy model.MethodsIn 32 pigs a craniotomy plus durotomy was performed. In 15 pigs Liqoseal was implanted, in 11 control pigs no sealant was implanted and in 6 control pigs a control dural sealant (Duraseal or Tachosil) was implanted. The safety of Liqoseal was evaluated by clinical, MRI and histological assessment. The degradation of Liqoseal was histologically estimated.ResultsLiqoseal, 2 mm thick before application, did not swell and significantly was at maximum mean thickness of 2.14 (±0.37) mm at one month. The foreign body reaction induced by Liqoseal, Duraseal and Tachosil were comparable. Liqoseal showed no adherence to the arachnoid layer and was completely resorbed between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In one animal with Liqoseal, an epidural fluid collection containing CSF could not be excluded.ConclusionLiqoseal seems to be safe for intracranial use and is biodegradable. The safety and performance in humans needs to be further assessed in clinical trials.
Two‐Electron Redox Chemistry Enabled High‐Performance Iodide‐Ion Conversion Battery
Authors: Li Xinliang , Wang Yanlei , Chen Ze , Li Pei , Liang Guojin , Huang Zhaodong , Yang Qi , Chen Ao , Cui Huilin , Dong Binbin , He Hongyan , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA single‐electron transfer mode coupled with the shuttle behavior of organic iodine batteries results in insufficient capacity, a low redox potential, and poor cycle durability. Sluggish kinetics are well known in conventional lithium–iodine (Li−I) batteries, inferior to other conversion congeners. Herein, we demonstrate new two‐electron redox chemistry of I−/I+ with inter‐halogen cooperation based on a developed haloid cathode. The new iodide‐ion conversion battery exhibits a state‐of‐art capacity of 408 mAh gI−1 with fast redox kinetics and superior cycle stability. Equipped with a newly emerged 3.42 V discharge voltage plateau, a recorded high energy density of 1324 Wh kgI−1 is achieved. Such robust redox chemistry is temperature‐insensitive and operates efficiently at −30 °C. With systematic theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations, the formation of Cl−I+ species and their functions are clarified.
The Underlying Molecular Mechanism of Fence Engineering to Break the Activity–Stability Trade‐Off in Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Jingbin , Hao Mengyao , Mao Baoguang , Zheng Lirong , Zhu Jie , Cao Minhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐precious‐metal (NPM) catalysts often face the formidable challenge of a trade‐off between long‐term stability and high activity, which has not yet been widely addressed. Herein we propose a distinct molecule‐selective fence as a promising concept to solve this activity‐stability trade‐off. The fence encloses the catalyst and prevents species poisonous to the catalyst from reaching it, but allows catalytic reaction‐related species to diffuse freely. We constructed a CoS2fence layer on the external surface of highly active cobalt‐doped MoS2, achieving a remarkable catalytic stability towards the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and improved activity. In situ spectroscopy uncovered the underlying molecular mechanism of the CoS2fence for breaking the activity‐stability trade‐off of the MoS2catalyst. This work offers valuable guidance for rationally designing efficient and stable NPM catalysts.
Regeneration of Phytochemicals by Structure‐Driven Organization of Microbial Biosynthetic Steps
Authors: Wu Xue Ming , Guan Qiu Yan , Han Yun Bin , Wang Xin Cun , Zhuang Wen Ying , Tan Ren Xiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMedicinal phytochemicals, such as artemisinin and taxol, have impacted the world, and hypericin might do so if its availability issue could be addressed. Hypericin is the hallmark component of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), an approved depression alleviator documented in the US, European, and British pharmacopoeias with its additional effectiveness against diverse cancers and viruses. However, the academia‐to‐industry transition of hypericin remain hampered by its low in planta abundance, unfeasible bulk chemical synthesis, and unclear biosynthetic mechanism. Here, we present a strategy consisting of the hypericin‐structure‐centered modification and reorganization of microbial biosynthetic steps in the repurposed cells that have been tamed to enable the designed consecutive reactions to afford hypericin (43.1 mg L−1), without acquiring its biosynthetic knowledge in native plants. The study provides a synthetic biology route to hypericin and establishes a platform for biosustainable access to medicinal phytochemicals.
Module‐Patterned Polymerization towards Crystalline 2D sp2‐Carbon Covalent Organic Framework Semiconductors
Authors: Jin Enquan , Geng Keyu , Fu Shuai , Addicoat Matthew A. , Zheng Wenhao , Xie Shuailei , Hu Jun‐Shan , Hou Xudong , Wu Xiao , Jiang Qiuhong , Xu Qing‐Hua , Wang Hai I. , Jiang Donglin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite rapid progress over the past decade, most polycondensation systems even upon a small structural variation of the building units eventually result in amorphous polymers other than the desired crystalline covalent organic frameworks. This synthetic dilemma is a central and challenging issue of the field. Here we report a novel approach based on module‐patterned polymerization to enable efficient and designed synthesis of crystalline porous polymeric frameworks. This strategy features a wide applicability to allow the use of various knots of different structures, enables polycondensation with diverse linkers, and develops a diversity of novel crystalline 2D polymers and frameworks, as demonstrated by using the C=C bond‐formation polycondensation reaction. The new sp2‐carbon frameworks are highly emissive and enable up‐conversion luminescence, offer low band gap semiconductors with tunable band structures, and achieve ultrahigh charge mobilities close to theoretically predicted maxima.
Na4B8O9F10: A Deep‐Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Fluorooxoborate with Unexpected Short Phase‐Matching Wavelength Induced by Optimized Chromatic Dispersion
Authors: Cheng Huanhuan , Li Fuming , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExploring significant ultraviolet/deep‐ultraviolet nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is hindered by rigorous and contradictory requirements, especially, possessing a moderate optical birefringence to meet phase‐matching (PM). Except for suitable birefringence, small chromatic dispersion is also crucial to blue‐shift the PM wavelength. Here, the introduction of a fluorinated tetrahedral boron‐centred chromophore strategy was proposed to optimize the chromatic dispersion. Herein, the [BF4]− unit with a large HOMO–LUMO band gap was introduced to the Na−B−O−F system and Na4B8O9F10 was designed and synthesized successfully for the first time. Na4B8O9F10 with an optimized chromatic dispersion can achieve a short second harmonic generation PM wavelength of 240 nm with a relatively small birefringence (0.036@1064 nm). Notably, Na4B8O9F10 is the first acentric crystal with [BF4]− units among the reported metal–fluorooxoborate systems, involving isolated [BF4]− and novel [B7O10F6]5− fundamental building blocks.
Chemically Engineered Porous Molecular Coatings as Reactive Oxygen Species Generators and Reservoirs for Long‐Lasting Self‐Cleaning Textiles
Authors: Wang Yao , Ma Kaikai , Bai Jiaquan , Xu Tao , Han Wendong , Wang Chen , Chen Zhenxia , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Li Peng , Xiao Jisheng , Farha Omar K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWearable personal protective equipment that is decorated with photoactive self‐cleaning materials capable of actively neutralizing biological pathogens is in high demand. Here, we developed a series of solution‐processable, crystalline porous materials capable of addressing this challenge. Textiles coated with these materials exhibit a broad range of functionalities, including spontaneous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon absorption of daylight, and long‐term ROS storage in dark conditions. The ROS generation and storage abilities of these materials can be further improved through chemical engineering of the precursors without altering the three‐dimensional assembled superstructures. In comparison with traditional TiO2 or C3N4 self‐cleaning materials, the fluorinated molecular coating material HOF‐101‐F shows a 10‐ to 60‐fold enhancement of ROS generation and 10‐ to 20‐fold greater ROS storage ability. Our results pave the way for further developing self‐cleaning textile coatings for the rapid deactivation of highly infectious pathogenic bacteria under both daylight and light‐free conditions.
Coordinating the Mechanisms of Action of Ferroptosis and the Photothermal Effect for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Zeng Fantian , Tang Longguang , Zhang Qianyu , Shi Changrong , Huang Zicheng , Nijiati Sureya , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhou Zijian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCombination therapy based on different mechanisms of cell death has shown promise in tumor therapy. However, when different modalities are integrated, the maximum synergy of the therapeutic effects is often lacking in the design. Herein, we report a cancer theranostic nanomedicine formula developed by considering the mechanisms of action of ferroptosis and the photothermal effect in combination therapy. The croconaine molecule was encapsulated as both a photothermal converter and an iron‐chelating agent with BSA, thus leading to biocompatible and stable Cro‐Fe@BSA nanoparticles (NPs). The Cro‐Fe@BSA NPs in the tumor milieu showed an activated photothermal effect leading to enhanced radical formation owing to the temperature‐dependent Fenton reaction kinetics, while radical formation during ferroptosis in turn prevented the heat‐induced formation of heat shock proteins and thus the self‐protection mechanism of cancer cells in response to heat. The activatable photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging performance of the Cro‐Fe@BSA NPs also enabled safe and reliable cancer theranostics.
Upgrading Carbonate Electrolytes for Ultra‐stable Practical Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qing , Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Kocen Andrew L. , Jin Shuo , Deng Yue , Zhu Vivian Xiaojing , Moganty Surya , Coates Geoffrey W. , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLiNO3 is a widely used salt‐additive that markedly improves the stability of ether‐based electrolytes at a Li metal anode but is generally regarded as incompatible with alkyl carbonates. Here we find that contrary to common wisdom, cyclic carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate can dissolve up to 0.7 M LiNO3 without any additives, largely improving the anode reversibility. We demonstrate the significance of our findings by upgrading various state‐of‐the‐art carbonate electrolytes with LiNO3, which provides large improvements in batteries composed of thin lithium (50 μm) anode and high voltage cathodes. Capacity retentions of 90.5 % after 600 cycles and 92.5 % after 200 cycles are reported for LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (2 mAh cm−2, 0.5 C) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode (4 mAh cm−2, 0.2 C), respectively. 1 Ah pouch cells (≈300 Wh kg−1) retain more than 87.9 % after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This work illustrates that reforming traditional carbonate electrolytes provides a scalable, cost‐effective approach towards practical LMBs.
Spiral structure of the galactic disk and its influence on the rotational velocity curve
Authors: Vukcevic Miroslava , Zekovic Vladimir , Radeta Marko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMost spiral galaxies have a flat rotational velocity curve, according to the different observational techniques used in several wavelengths domain. In this work, we show that nonlinear terms are able to balance the dispersive effect of the wave, thus reviving the observed rotational curve profiles without the inclusion of any other but baryonic matter concentrated in the bulge and disk. To prove that the considered model is able to restore a flat rotational curve, Milky Way has been chosen as the best‐mapped galaxy, to apply on. Using the gravitational N‐body simulations with up to particles, we test this dynamical model in the case of the Milky Way with two different approaches. Within the direct approach, as an input condition in the simulation runs, we set the spiral surface density distribution which is previously obtained as an explicit solution to nonlinear Schrödinger equation (instead of a widely used exponential disk approximation). In the evolutionary approach, we initialize the runs with different initial mass and rotational velocity distributions, in order to capture the natural formation of spiral arms and to determine their role in the disk evolution. In both cases, we are able to reproduce the stable and nonexpanding disk structures at the simulation end times of years, with no halo inclusion. Although the given model does not take into account the velocity dispersion of stars and finite disk thickness, the results presented here still imply that nonlinear effects can significantly alter the amount of dark matter which is required to keep the galactic disk in a stable configuration.
Planarized B,N‐diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds for deep blue fluorescence
Authors: Istiqomah Ina Nur , Mubarok Hanif , Lee Taehwan , Nguyen Ngoc Tuyet Nhi , Jung Jaehoon , Lee Min Hyung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA series of planarized B,N‐diarylated dibenzoazaborine compounds (5a–5e) in which various functional groups are introduced into the B‐Ph and N‐Ph moieties of nonsubstituted dibenzoazaborine compound (I) were prepared. All compounds exhibit strong low‐energy absorptions at ca. 410–426 nm with a gradual red‐shift depending on the electron‐accepting property of the four substituents (4‐R = 4‐Ph < 4‐Pm < 4‐CNPh <4‐CN) on the B‐Ph ring in 5a–5d. Introduction of an electron‐donating tBu group into the N‐Ph ring further shifts slightly the absorption band toward a lower‐energy region (5e). Importantly, all compounds undergo gradual red‐shifts in the emission leading to deep blue fluorescence for CN‐substituted 5d and 5e. Furthermore, the emissions have narrow full width at half maximum values of ca. 30 nm, high photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ≈ 100%), and small Stokes shifts (11–16 nm). The electrochemical and theoretical studies further support the bandgap control and photophysical properties of compounds.
Titration of Apparent In‐Cellula Affinities of Protein‐Protein Interactions**
Authors: Cluet David , Vergier Blandine , Levy Nicolas‐Pierre , Dehau Lucie , Thurman Alexandre , Amri Ikram , Spichty Martin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA genetic assay permits simultaneous quantification of two interacting proteins and their bound fraction at the single‐cell level using flow cytometry. Apparent in‐cellula affinities of protein‐protein interactions can be extracted from the acquired data through a titration‐like analysis. The applicability of this approach is demonstrated on a diverse set of interactions with proteins from different families and organisms and with in‐vitro dissociation constants ranging from picomolar to micromolar.
Promise scholarship consequences: Early evidence from Tennessee and Oregon
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Fernandez Frank , Ro Hyun Kyoung 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article describes enrollment, retention, and institutional expenditures on instruction, academic support, and student services at community colleges in Tennessee and Oregon after these states implemented Promise scholarship programs. This article highlights that college attendance and choice among recent high school graduates changed after the adoption of the Promise scholarship but fall‐to‐fall retention rates remain similar to pre‐Promise levels with the exception of the first cohorts of the Promise scholarships. In relative terms, institutional expenditures on instruction, academic support, and student services have not kept pace with increased enrollment in Tennessee. Based on the findings, this article identifies one potential unintended consequence of state Promise programs—diluting institutional expenditure per student. To promote student success, college presidents and system leaders should use existing channels, such as professional associations and presidents’ councils to communicate with elected officials and policymakers and present a united front to advocate for additional financial support.
Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery: Fe3O4/N−C Nanoflowers Derived from Aromatic Polyamide
Authors: Liu Yanping , Qiao Bin , Jia Nan , Shi Shufeng , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei , Chen Pei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, high‐activity bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–air batteries is highly desired. Herein, N‐doped carbon nanoflower embedded Fe3O4nanoparticles were prepared using a simple and scalable method. The obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent activity and stability toward both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as well as a small potential gap of 0.72 V between the half‐wave potential of ORR and the onset potential of OER potential, which is superior to the most previously reported bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts. The corresponding zinc–air battery exhibits good charged/discharge cycle performance as well as excellent discharge property, with a power density of 136.8 mW cm−2at 200 mA cm−2outperforming commercial Pt/C (96.5mW cm−2). Experiment results and density functional theory demonstrate that the high catalysis activity is mainly caused by the surface oxygen vacancy of Fe3O4nanoparticles. This study sheds new light on the ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalyst design.
Controlling Multiple Active Sites on Pd−CeO2 for Sequential C−C Cross‐coupling and Alcohol Oxidation in One Reaction System
Authors: Ko Wonjae , Kim Ju Hee , Yim Guk Hee , Lee Seong Chan , Kim Sumin , Kwak Minjoon , Choi Hyunwoo , Kim Jongchan , Antink Wytse Hooch , Kim Jiheon , Lee Chan Woo , Bok Jinsol , Jung Yoon , Lee Eunwon , Lee Kug‐Seung , Cho Sung‐Pyo , Kim Do Heui , Kim Young Gyu , Lee Byoung‐Hoon , Hyeon Taeghwan , Yoo Dongwon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCeria (CeO2)‐supported metal catalysts have been widely utilized for various single‐step chemical transformations. However, using such catalysts for a multistep organic reaction in one reaction system has rarely been achieved. Here, we investigate multiple active sites on Pd−CeO2 catalysts and optimize them for a multistep reaction of C−C cross‐coupling and alcohol oxidation. Atomic‐level imaging and spectroscopic studies reveal that metallic Pd0 and Pd−CeO2 interface are active sites on Pd−CeO2 for C−C cross‐coupling and oxidation, respectively. These active sites are controlled under the structural evolution of Pd−CeO2 during reductive heat‐treatments. Accordingly, we found that optimally reduced Pd−CeO2 catalysts containing ∼1.5 nm‐sized Pd nanoclusters with both sites in balance are ideal for multistep chemical transformations in one reaction system. Our strategy to design supported metal catalysts leads to one‐pot sequential synthetic protocols for pharmaceutical building blocks.
Embedded Double One‐Dimensional Composites of WO3@N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers for Superior and Stabilized Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Jiaxuan , Du Shenyu , Ao Liyuan , Zhang Jihao , Jin Chunqiao , Han Meijie , Jiang Kai , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhu Liangqing , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTungsten oxide has received plenty of attention as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the high intrinsic density and abundant framework diversity. However, the tremendous structural and volumetric changes of tungsten oxide (WO3) restrict the commercial application. A novel embedded one‐dimensional (1D) structure composite of the WO3 and N‐doped carbon nanofibers (WO3@N‐CNFs) has been prepared by combining convenient hydrothermal and electrospinning processes. The WO3 nanowires are firmly wrapped in the N‐CNFs and formed an embedded double 1D structure, which can significantly improve the structure stability of the composite. Therefore, the WO3@N‐CNFs delivers a high specific capacity of 960 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 0.2 A/g, and 550 mAh/g after 1300 cycles at 2 A/g. Moreover, the initial Coulomb efficiency of WO3@N‐CNFs is enhanced to more than 80 %. The electrochemical performance is better than those from most WO3‐based carbon composite materials, which can be ascribed to the synergy effects of the WO3 nanorods and the nitrogen doping in 1D carbon nanofibers. As a consequence, the WO3@N‐CNFs can be a promising anode material with the extraordinary long‐term cycling performance at high current densities, and provide a new idea for the commercialization of WO3‐based carbon composite materials.
Leipzig, Berlin and Hannover: Three Stations of a Beneficial Cooperation
Authors: Kärger Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis essay looks back at the three stations of Jürgen Caro's career, starting with his time as a diploma student of Chemistry (1974–1975) and PhD student in the NMR laboratory (1975–1977) at the University of Leipzig, followed by his stay in Berlin at the Central Institute of Physical Chemistry and, afterwards, the newly founded Institute of Applied Chemistry and, finally, his appointment as full professor for Physical Chemistry at the Hannover University. The focus is on some of the results of our collaboration, including the use of PFG NMR and microimaging for in‐situ observation of diffusion in nanoporous materials and the useful application of these findings in the production of high‐performance membranes. Reference is also given to joint activities in science organization such as in European research networks and the Diffusion Fundamentals conference series of the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities.