bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFIKASI SUHU PROSES PRODUKSI ASAP CAIR DAN KONSENTRASI ASAP CAIR DARI KAYU LABAN (VITEX PUBESCENS) TERHADAP JAMUR OPHIOSTOMA PILIFERUM
Authors: Oramahi Hasan , Diba Farah , Nurhaida Nurhaida , Wahdina Wahdina , Setyawati Dina , Dirhamsyah Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

Efficacy wood vinegar produced from wood laban (Vitex pubescens) against Ophiostoma piliferum fungus was evaluated. The objectives of this research to perform in vitro antifungal of wood vinegar from laban wood against O. piliferum. The source of lignocelluloses biomass was carbonization process used three temperature i.e. 350, 400 and 450 °C. Efficacy of wood vinegar to the fungus carried on PDA (potato dextrose agar) in a Petri dish that has been mixed with the wood vinegar with a concentration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 % (v/v). Antifungal test was a factorial 3 by 5 in a completely randomized design. The means were seperated using using Tukey’s test at p = 0.05. All data were analyzed using the SAS softwere (version 8.2, SAS Institute Inc., NC. USA). The test results showed that the pyrolysis suhue effect and concentration of wood vinegar on the inhibition of fungal growth. The higher pyrolysis temperature and concentration the inhibition of fungal growth was increased.Efikasi asap cair dari kayu laban (Vitex pubescens)terhadap Ophiostoma piliferum telah dilakukan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan asap cair sebagai antijamur (O. piliferum) secara in vitro. Asap cair yang digunakan diperoleh dengan cara pirolisis pada suhu produksi asap cair dan konsentrasi asap cair yang berbeda. Efikasi asap cair terhadap jamur dilakukan pada media PDA (potato dextrose agar) dalam cawan Petri dengan campuran asap cair pada konsentrasi 0, 0,5, 1,5, dan 2,0 (v/v).Pengujian aktivitas antijamur dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap tipe faktorial.Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam.Pengaruh antarperlakuan dilakukan uji BNJ pada taraf nyata 5%. Analisis data menggunakan SAS versi 9.13. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pirolisis produksi asap cair dan konsentrasi asap cair berpengaruh terhadap daya penghambatan pertumbuhan jamur. Makin tinggi suhu pirolisis produksi asap cair dan konsentrasinya dan makin tinggi daya penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan jamur, O. piliferum.
An Integrated Extreme Rainfall Modeling Tool (SDExtreme) for Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation
Authors: Yeo Myeong-Ho , Nguyen Van-Thanh-Van , Kim Yong Sang , Kpodonu Theodore A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The estimation of the Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relations is often necessary for the planning and design of various hydraulic structures and design storms. It has been an increasingly greater challenge due to climate change condition. This paper therefore proposes an integrated extreme rainfall modeling software package (SDExtreme) for constructing the IDF relations at a local site in the context of climate change. The proposed tool is based on a temporal downscaling method to describe the relationships between daily and sub-daily extreme precipitation using the scale-invariance General Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. In addition, SDExtreme provides a modified bootstrap technique to determine confidence intervals (CIs) of the estimated IDF curves for the current and the future climate conditions. The feasibility and accuracy of SDExtreme were assessed using rainfall data available from the selected rain gauge stations in Quebec and Ontario provinces (Canada) and climate simulations under three different climate change scenarios provided by the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) and the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4).
Extricating human tumor-unique immune alterations from non-malignant tissue inflammation
Authors: Prlic Martin , Mair Florian , Erickson Jami , Frutoso Marie , Greene Evan , Voillet Valentin , Konecny Andrew , Dixon Douglas , Barber Brittany , Gottardo Raphael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Immunotherapies to treat cancer have achieved remarkable successes, but major challenges persist. An inherent weakness of current treatment approaches is that therapeutically targeted pathways are not only found in tumors, but also in tissue microenvironments, particularly inflamed tissues. This confounding overlap complicates treatment as well as predictions of treatment outcome. In an effort to identify potential tumor-unique immunotherapeutic targets that are distinct from general tissue inflammation, we used complementary single-cell analysis approaches to interrogate immune cell alterations and interactions in human squamous cell carcinomas and site-matched non-malignant, inflamed tissues. We found that a distinct population of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) received T cell receptor (TCR) signals from antigen-presenting cells and this Treg population was uniquely identified by co-expression of ICOS and IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1). Intratumoral IL-1R+ Tregs appeared activated and a TCR signal was sufficient to convert IL-1R1- Tregs to IL-1R1+ Tregs ex vivo. Overall, our work identifies an intratumoral Treg population that recognizes antigen in the tumor microenvironment and two biomarkers that allow for specific depletion of these Tregs. Finally, our approach also provides a blueprint for extricating tumor-unique therapeutic targets distinct from general inflammatory patterns in other tumors.
Co-Expression Network Revealed The Potential Regulatory Mechanism of lncRNAs In Relapse Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Authors: Fang Yuan , Yang Yang , Zhang XiaoLi , Li Na , Yuan Bo , Jin Li , Bao Sheng , Li MengGe , Zhao Dan , Li LingRui , Zeng Zhong , Huang Han-Fei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The mechanistic basis for the relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Recent research has highlighted the important roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HCC. However, there are only a few studies on lncRNAs associated with the relapse of HCC.Methods:We analyzed lncRNA and mRNA profiles in the GSE101432 dataset associated with HCC relapse. The differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were used to construct a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted on the database. Furthermore, correlation and survival analyses were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the clinical samples were verified by qRT-PCR.Results:In this study, lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with HCC relapse were identified. Two gene modules were found to be closely linked to HCC relapse. The functional enrichment analysis results of lncRNAs and co-expression mRNAs indicated that they were closely related to the relapse of HCC. In addition, we verified that the overall survival and recurrence-free survival of these genes in HCC have survival prediction functions. In total, we identified and validated two lncRNAs (LINC00941 and LINC00668) and six mRNAs (LOX, MICB, OTX1, BAIAP2L2, KCTD17, NDUFA4L2) associated with HCC relapse.Conclusion: In summary, we identified the key gene modules and central genes associated with relapse of HCC, and constructed lncRNA-mRNA networks related to this cancer type. These results provide a foundation for future basic research on the mechanism of relapse of HCC.
Evaluating The Impact of Roads On The Diversity Pattern And Density of Trees To Improve The Conservation of Species
Authors: Bhatti Uzair Aslam , Yu Zhaoyuan , Yuan Linwang , Wen Luo , Nawaz Saqib Ali , Kaleri Arif Hussain 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Roads have a great impact on the structure and functioning of the diversity pattern in an ecological environment and play the role of altering biotic and abiotic factors. Clusters of plants grow along the roadside due to the interplay between the arrival of propagule and seedling establishment, which depends on the road’s specifications, land pattern, and road administration and protection practices. It is very important to study the diversity pattern in a metropolitan city to improve the ecological environment. Karachi is one of the world’s largest and fastest-growing metropolitan cities; however, little is known about the urban forest of the area. In Karachi, which is in the province of Sindh, Pakistan, roadside trees along various road types (e.g., wide, medium and narrow roads) have been studied. Based on a field study, various measures of diversity were utilized to investigate the diversity of tree species on different types of paths. A total of 180 plots, divided into three primary road groups, were surveyed. The highest quantity of tree biomass per unit area was found on wide roads, followed by medium roads. On narrow roads, the least biomass was detected. A single species or a limited number of species dominated the diversity of species. Conocarpus erectus was the most dominant non-native species along all types of roads, followed by the species Guaiacum officinale. A total of 76 species (32 non-native and 44 native) that were selectively spread along the roadsides of the city were studied. There was a significant difference in phylogenetic diversity (PD), phylogenetic mean pairwise distance (MPD) and phylogenetic mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD) between wide, medium, and narrow roads. Management practices have a significant positive correlation with diversity indices. Our study identified patterns of diversity in roadside trees in Karachi. It provided the basis for future plant conservation planning, such as the conservation of plant species, the maintenance of plant habitats, and the coordination of plant management in Karachi.
Global solar radiation modeling using different machine learning and empirical models in Northeast China
Authors: Jia Yue , Su Yongjun , Wang Fengchun , Li Pengcheng , Huo Shuyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reliable global solar radiation (Rs) information is crucial for the design and management of solar energy systems for agricultural and industrial production. However, Rs measurements are unavailable in many regions of the world, which impedes the development and application of solar energy. To accurately estimate Rs, this study developed a novel machine learning model, called a Gaussian exponential model (GEM), for daily global Rs estimation. The GEM was compared with four other machine learning models and two empirical models to assess its applicability using daily meteorological data from 1997–2016 from four stations in Northeast China. The results showed that the GEM with complete inputs had the best performance. Machine learning models provided better estimates than empirical models when trained by the same input data. Sunshine duration was the most effective factor determining the accuracy of the machine learning models. Overall, the GEM with complete inputs had the highest accuracy and is recommended for modeling daily Rs in Northeast China.
Molecular Identification, And Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated From Candidemia Patients in Yasuj, Southwestern Iran
Authors: Yasuj Shaghayegh Rostami , Khoramrooz Seyed Sajad , Salahi Marjan , Keshtkari Ali , Taghavi Jabar , Nazari Khadigeh , Ansari Saham , Shokoohi Gholamreza , Gharaghani Maral , Sisakht Sadegh Nouripour 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Candidemia is the most common systemic infection in hospitalized patients and causing high mortality. Hence, the diagnosis of this infection in the early-stage with appropriate antifungal therapy has been attributed to the lowest mortality. The aims of this study are molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients and evaluated the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of these strains to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. In the present study, 800 hospitalized patients who suspected candidemia were sampled. Candida species were isolated and identified based on morphological and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3. Also, clinical data were recorded from patient's records. Overall, 27 candidemia patients were detected among hospitalized patients. 33.3% of candidemia patients were treated with amphotericin B, however, the mortality rate was 14.8%. The majority of patients (59%) were from the neonatal intensive care unit and premature born was the most underlying condition. C. albicans (n = 18; 66.6%) was the most common species isolated from blood cultures, followed by C.parapsilosis (n = 7; 25.9%), C.pelliculosa ( n = 1;3.7% ) and C.tropicalis (n = 1;3.7%). Only one C. albicans isolate were resistance to fluconazole (MIC = 32 µg/mL). Generally, C. albicans has been the most frequent causative agent of candidemia. Resistance to antifungal drugs among candidemia agents was rare. Also, the identification of Candida isolates at the species level with in-vitro antifungal susceptibility tests can manage and decrease the mortality rate among candidemia patients.
Use of Chemical Signature to Trace the Impact of Emission Sources
Authors: Cecinato Angelo , Bacaloni Alessandro , Romagnoli Paola , Perilli Mattia , Balducci Catia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The composition of organic fraction associated to particulate emissions depends on their nature as well as on contour conditions. Therefore, many Authors have investigated the chemical signature of airborne particulate matter and dusts with the goal of identifying the pollution sources and assessing their impact on the environment and health. Usually, Authors use three complementary tools for this goal; they are specific source markers, concentration ratios of pairs of congeners, and percent distributions of homologues within a group. After the presentation of the state-of-the-art about non-polar aliphatic (alkanes and alkenes), aromatic (PAHs, Nitro-PAHs) and polar (fatty acids, organic halides, polysaccharides) compounds associated to emissions, this paper provides new information with regard to chemical signature non-polar fraction, suitable to trace the impact of sources on airborne particulate matter and settled dust. Non-polar organic fraction comprises short/medium-chain alkenes and alkanes (with carbon numbers ranging from 12 to 23), which display distinct relative abundances in petrol-derived exhausts, microorganism residues and high vegetation leaf debris. Meanwhile, long-chain alkanes associated to tobacco smoke show a peculiar iso/anteiso/normal homologues fingerprint as well as n-hentriacontane percentages higher than other emissions. Based on this particular alkane distribution, two indexes (ATSR and AICR) have tentatively identified and tested though comparing their rates in some sets of particulate samples. Until now, the study of molecular signature has overall limited to qualitative purposes and seldom exploited to achieve quantitative estimates of contributions of sources to air pollution. Future investigations will reach this goal through further clarifying the nature and behavior of organic contaminants associated to airborne and settled particulate matters.
The concept of creating thrust based on angular momentum change
Authors: Kupreev Sergei , Razoumny Yury 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The change in the kinetic moment of a material body is considered regarding to classical and quantum mechanics. The possibility of creating the propulsion system in terms of energy efficiency exceeding the photon engine has been theoretically proved. The proposed new principle of motion is based on the law of conservation of angular momentum and is fully consistent with the basic fundamental laws of physics. It is proposed to use the emission/absorption of streams of low-energy particles with spin in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the material body. The practical implementation of this idea is confirmed by the presence of promising approaches to solving the problem of quantizing gravity (string theory, loop quantum gravity, etc.) recognized by the world scientific community and by the successful results of experiments conducted by the authors with the motion of bodies in a vacuum chamber. The proposed idea, the examples and experiments has given grounds for the formation of new physical concepts of the speed, mass and inertia of bodies. The obtained results can be used in experiments to search for elementary particles with low energy, to explain a number of physics phenomena and to develop transport of objects based on new physical principles.
Hymenobacter Taeanensis Sp. Nov., Radiation Resistant Bacterium Isolated from Coastal Sand Dune
Authors: Lee Ji Hee , Jung Jong-Hyun , Kim Min-Kyu , Choe Han Na , Lim Sangyong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and light pink-colored bacterial strain, designated TS19T, was isolated from a sand sample obtained from a coastal sand dune after exposure to 3 kGy of gamma radiation. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate was a member of the genus Hymenobacter and was most closely related to H. wooponensis WM78T (98.3% similarity). Strain TS19T and H. wooponensis showed resistance to gamma radiation with D10 values (i.e., the dose required to reduce the bacterial population by tenfold) of 7.3 kGy and 3.5 kGy, respectively. The genome of strain TS19T consists of one contig with 4,879,662 bp and has a G+C content of 56.2%. The genome contains 3,955 protein coding sequences, 44 tRNAs, and 12 rRNAs. The predominant fatty acids of strain TS19T were iso-C15:0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17:1 B), summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), and C16:1 ω5c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, and one unknown aminophospholipid. The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain TS19T represents a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacter taeanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TS19T (=KCTC 72897T =JCM 34023T).
Tracing Two Faces of Extended Visibility: A Bibliometric Analysis of Transparency Discussions in Social Sciences
Authors: Kwon Oh-Jung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Modern governance is the product of constant efforts to make the entire society visible, calculable and manageable. Transparency has emerged as the central ethics to manage public visibility in market and governance. Its celebration or refusal has been associated with technological and political evolution. Using bibliometric analyses of academic literature concerning transparency, this paper traces the interactions of the ethics of transparency with external environments. Guided by historiography and co-occurrence analyses, I map out the major shifts in academic attention and thematic associations related to the ethics of transparency. The modern aspiration of more visibility has been prominent in the finance market, corporate management, public governance, and policy communication. The greater visibility has been associated with accountability, anti-corruption, trust, and participation, as the cure for information asymmetry and power disparity. However, the extended visibility may lessen the human capacity to apprehend reality, which concerns the recent discussions of transparency in higher education, policy communications, and new virtual spaces. By contextualizing the primary themes in transparency discourse, I summarize the three sources of the new risks embedded in extended visibility: the organizational operations decoupled from the intended goals of transparency; the uncovered power relations in the politics of disclosure; and blind reliance on decontextualized data.
Chemical-diffusion Metamaterials with “Plug and Switch” Modules for Ion Cloaking, Concentrating and Selection: Design and Experiments
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Chengye , Liu Chuanbao , Xu Zhengjiao , Su Yan jing , Qiao Lijie , Zhou Ji , Bai Yang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The outstanding abilities of metamaterials to manipulate physical fields have been extensively studied in wave-based fields. Recently, this research has been extended to diffusion fields. Chemical diffusion behavior is crucial in a wide range of fields including the transportation of various matters, and metamaterials with the ability to manipulate diffusion with practical applications associated with chemical and biochemical engineering have not yet been proposed. In this work, we propose the idea of a “plug and switch” metamaterial to achieve the switchable functions of ion cloaking, concentrating and selection in liquid solvents by plugging modularized functional units into a functional motherboard. The respective modules are theoretically designed based on scattering cancellation, and the properties are verified by both simulations and experiments. Plugging in any module barely affects the environmental diffusion field, but the module choice impacts different diffusion behaviors in the central region. Cloaking strictly hinds ion diffusion, and concentrating promotes a large diffusion flux, while cytomembrane-like ion selection permits the entrance of some ions but blocks others. In addition to property characterization, these functions are demonstrated in special applications. The concentrating function is experimentally verified by catalytic enhancement, and the ion selection function is verified by protein protection. This work not only demonstrates the effective manipulation of metamaterials in terms of chemical diffusion behavior but also shows that the "plug and switch" design is extensible and multifunctional, and facilitates novel applications including sustained drug release, catalytic enhancement, bioinspired cytomembranes, etc.
Phosphodiesterase 10A is a critical target for neuroprotection in a mouse model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Beker Mustafa Caglar , Caglayan Ahmet B. , Altunay Serdar , Ozbay Elif , Ates Nilay , Kelestemur Taha , Caglayan Berrak , Kilic Ulkan , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Hermann Dirk M. , Kilic Ertugrul 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). It is highly expressed in the striatum. Recent evidence implied that PDE10A may be involved in the inflammatory processes following injury, such as ischemic stroke. Its role in ischemic injury was unknown. Herein, we exposed mice to 90 or 30 min middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by the delivery of the highly selective PDE10A inhibitor TAK-063 (0.3 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg) immediately after reperfusion. Animals were sacrificed after 24 or 72 hours, respectively. Both TAK-063 doses enhanced neurological function, reduced infarct volume, increased neuronal survival, reduced brain edema, and increased blood-brain barrier integrity, alongside cerebral microcirculation improvements. Post-ischemic neuroprotection was associated with increased phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of pro-survival Akt, Erk-1/2 and GSK-3α/β, decreased phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of pro-survival mTOR, increased HIF-1α, MMP-9 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL abundance, and reduced pro-apoptotic Bax abundance. Interestingly, PDE10A inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including IFN-γ and TNF-α, analyzed by planar surface immunoassay. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 40 proteins were significantly altered by TAK-063. Our study established PDE10A as a target for ischemic stroke therapy.