bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) as Measured by the VEINES-QOL/SYM and the EuroQol-5D-5L Questionnaires, A Descriptive-Comparative Design Study
Authors: Reagan F. Cabahug, , Gina L. Montalan, , Marie P. Yape, Irma , Cristina M. Laurenciana, Maria 
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of the VeinesQol/Sym with metric statements fewer than the EQ5D in detecting the quality of life of patients with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) before and after treatment.
Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative design in collecting the necessary data to arrive at conclusions that respond to the specific questions of the study in 2 private hospitals. The responses gathered from patients through EQ5D and VeinesQol/Sym, before and after they received treatment were utilized in describing and comparing the efficacy of the health questionnaires. Data were further subjected to a comparative analysis to elaborate the efficacy of the VeinesQol/Sym.
Results: A total of 114 CVD patients completed the study after the exclusion of 13 patients due to failure to follow up after eight weeks of treatment. The study showed that VeinesQol/Sym and EQ5D has similar efficacy in determining quality of life of CVD patients. However, VeinesQol/Sym has higher accuracy (84.96% vs 76.99%), higher sensitivity (87.85% vs 83.87%), detects greater level of impairment in mobility, anxiety/depression, pain and discomfort, disruptions in usual activity and lower quality of current state of health condition than EQ5D
Conclusion: With the responses to the metric statements of the indicators of quality life in both VeinesQol/Sym and EQ5D, VeinesQol/Sym was found to have a greater efficacy in establishing the accurate status of quality of life of patients with CVD than the EQ5D.
Physicochemical Potential of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Kernel Oil from Northern Cameroon for Biodiesel valorization
Authors: Kaoke Davy Fiwa , Siryabe Emmanuel , Iya-Sou Djakaou , Talla Emmanuel , Kouotou Patrick Mountapmbene 
Published: October 2021

This research work reports the physicochemical potentialities of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel oil for biodiesel valorization. Balanites seed was sampling from Pitoa, Maroua and Moutourwa localities located from North Cameroon and the kernel oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus. The physicochemical and the free fatty acid composition of kernel oils was determined. Among the three samples, those of Pitoa shows the higher oil yield (56.6 %). All the Refractive index of these oils were ranged in ASTM and their kinematic viscosities were small compared to the EN ISO 3104 standard. The Acid values measured were all less than EN 14104 standard and the iodine values were in accordance with EN 14111 standard, whereas, the saponification value for the samples of Maroua (139.5 ± 0.07) was higher than those of Pitoa (123.6 ± 0.04) and Moutourwa (131.5 ± 0.06) and the Peroxide values measured were lower than 10 meq/Kg. Unsaturated fatty acids were higher for the sample of Maroua (78.8 %) than those of Moutourwa (76.9%) and Pitoa (77.7 %). This research work indicate that B.aegyptiaca kernel oil obtainable from North Cameroon as higher yield (50.7-56.6%). The kernel oil shows good physicochemical properties and fatty acids profile which can be valorised as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel.
Place and Duration of Study: School of Chemical Engineering and Minerals Industries - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ngaoundere – Cameroon
work takes place between October 2020 and Jun 2021.
Assessment of Efficacy of Novel Method of Quantifying and Grading Class II Malocclusion in Vidarbha Population
Authors: Tikar Niraj Nitin , Reche Amit , Jadhav Vikrant , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Dadgal Komal Vilas , Pathekar Juhi Manohar 
Published: October 2021

Background: It is important to quantify class II malocclusion for proper diagnosis of the case and adjusted treatment will aid in successful correction of malocclusion. Hence, the study will aid for proper treatment planning by classifying class II malocclusion established on the amount of overjet, overbite, distance and relation of maxillary and mandibular first molar and the relationship of canine and molar.
Objectives: To grade Class II malocclusion in form of overjet and overbite.
Materials and Methods: Patients visiting Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, having class II malocclusion will be chosen. The chi square test, student's paired and unpaired t test, and descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in the statistical analysis.
Expected Results: The outcome after conduction of the study is expected to have more patients with Type 1 overjet and Type B overbite kind of Class II malocclusion.
Conclusion: The establishment of this new classification will aid in concise analysis and proper treatment planning of Class II malocclusion thereby enhancing the esthetics and functional stability for the patient comfort.
Heart of a Marionette: Understanding the Nature of Child Neglect and Abuse
Authors: Soetrisno Febyanti 
Published: October 2021

This creative project is an epistolary novel in form of a diary of a young girl named, Caroline Kusnadi, who is usually referred as Carol. She is a daughter of a family of four, whose parents are divorced. She writes her diary entries while trying to survive her mother’s and sister’s worsening mistreatments toward Carol even though they know Carol’s condition. In this creative work, I use child neglect and abuse my topic, and I propose to understand the nature of child maltreatments as my theme. With this, I can show the experiences of child neglect and abuse itself from the eyes of the victims. This story was created based on how Indonesia society does not pay sufficient attention and appropriate measures in protecting children’s rights. This would be shown on how Carol’s father, mother, and sister for not giving appropriate treatments for Carol who should have deserve more than she has. Keywords: child maltreatment, child neglect, child abuse, epistolary, realistic fiction, slice of life
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses in Court Trials
Authors: González‐Candelas Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMolecular phylogenetics allows the reconstruction of the genealogy and evolutionary history of organisms from information in their nucleotide or amino acid sequences. When sequences are derived from very fast‐evolving organisms, such as ribonucleic acid viruses, changes accumulate in a few days or weeks, thus allowing the reconstruction of very recent evolutionary events in the history of these populations. One such is event is the transmission of one of these viruses, for instance human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus, from an infected person to another or the infection of a person from a contaminated device or material. This occasionally results in a legal demand seeking for compensation and/or punishment for the transmitter. Hence, expert testimony is sought in court in order to determine whether the viruses isolated from the source and the infected patient(s) actually share a common origin or not. Molecular phylogenetics and statistical inference methods are used to translate scientific testimony into expert evaluation of the evidence for the court.Key ConceptsFast‐evolving organisms, such as RNA viruses, can accumulate changes in their genome sequence in a few days or weeks.Changes in nucleotide sequences can be used to track the evolutionary history of organisms sharing a common ancestor.The last common ancestor (LCA) of a set of sequences represents the last sequence before the corresponding lineage splits into two or more separate lines of descent.During a transmission event, a portion of the microorganisms in the source is passed onto the recipient(s).Phylogenetic analysis can be used to ascertain when two or more sequences shared an LCA and some of its features.Sequences derived from a transmission event will share a more recent LCA than those obtained from unrelated sources.The analysis of LCA can be used to provide expert testimony in courts on the source of an infection.Under special conditions, it is also possible to ascertain the direction of the transmission and an approximate time for it.Phylogenetic analysis is a very powerful and reliable methodology whose use for resolving transmission cases has been validated by courts in many countries.
Molecular Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Smith Judith A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic immune‐mediated arthritic condition affecting the spine that can result in disabling fusion of the vertebrae and sacroiliac joints. Genetics plays a more dominant role in conferring risk for AS than in most autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by a heritability greater than 90%. The
HLA‐B*27
gene allele represents the greatest single risk factor identified to date, and multiple theories have been proposed to explain its contribution to pathogenesis. Genomewide association studies in AS have revealed other key genetic players, such as the polymorphic
ERAP1
, and implicated specific immune pathways, notably the IL‐23/IL17 cytokine pathway. However, much of the genetic basis for AS remains to be explained, providing future challenges to researchers and hope for clinicians.

Key Concepts

Ankylosing spondylitis belongs to a group of related inflammatory conditions typified by spinal arthritis, extraarticular inflammation and high prevalence of the MHC class I allele HLA‐B*27.

Ankylosing spondylitis has unusually high heritability, suggesting a strong genetic basis.

HLA‐B*27 remains the greatest genetic risk factor identified to date.

Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the link between HLA‐B*27 and disease ranging from immune recognition at the cell surface to unusual characteristics of its biosynthesis.

Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified other MHC genes, non‐MHC key molecules and immune pathways that contribute to ankylosing spondylitis.

The relevance of one of the GWAS pathways, the IL‐23/IL‐17 pathway, has borne out in treatment efficacy of related monoclonal antibody therapy in patients.

The genetic overlap between ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis may explain the frequently observed gut and skin inflammation comorbidities in ankylosing spondylitis.

Most of the ankylosing spondylitis heritability (about 70%) remains unexplained.
Model Plants for Understanding Evolution
Authors: Coates Juliet C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Plants are a hugely diverse group of organisms, including both land plants and aquatic algae, which inhabit a wide range of ecological niches across the planet. All plants arose from a single common ancestor and underwent a diversification that has shaped the earth's atmosphere and climate. One of the most important evolutionary transitions in the earth's history was the transition of plants to land. To understand how plants have evolved to possess such diversity of form, function and habitat requires in‐depth knowledge and comparison of plant development and physiology from a wide range of representative species. There are several key ‘traditional’ model organisms that have helped us understand plant evolution to date. However, there are significant gaps in our knowledge due to under‐representation in some parts of the green phylogenetic tree. The time is right to start filling these gaps using new and ‘up‐and‐coming’ green model organisms.

Key Concepts

Plants are a very diverse group of organisms that include both aquatic algae and land plants.

Land plants arose nearly half a billion years ago, while flowering plants arose more recently.

Model organisms are assumed to be representative of the biology of a larger group of organisms e.g. eukaryotes, plants and flowering plants.

Most plant model organisms are currently land plants, in particular flowering plants.

To understand plant evolution, we need better representation by model organisms within algae and non‐flowering plants.

With advances in genome sequencing, the challenge is now to find the most experimentally tractable plants to become new model organisms.
Gene Therapy in the Cornea
Authors: Rodríguez‐Gascón Alicia , del Pozo‐Rodríguez Ana , Isla Arantxaxu , Solinís María A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Several advantages are apparent in making the cornea particularly attractive for gene transfer: it has a well‐defined anatomy and is easily accessible during ambulatory visits, as well as surgical procedures. The most important, and most difficult, challenge in gene therapy is the issue of delivery. Although naked or plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has occasionally been applied into the corneal stroma, usually, DNA is complexed in a vector to enhance delivery into the cornea. To date, the most efficient method for delivering nucleic acid‐based treatments mainly involves viral vectors, including retrovirus, lentivirus, adeno‐associated virus and adenovirus. However, nonviral vectors (lipid‐ or polymeric‐based systems), although less efficient, are safer and its production is simpler and cheaper than viral vectors. Corneal diseases potentially treatable by gene therapy include mucopolysaccharidosis VII, herpetic stromal keratitis, corneal neovascularisation, corneal burns and corneal transplantation and graft rejection, among others.

Key Concepts

The cornea is an ideal target for gene therapy as it is accessible, relatively immune privileged and easily monitored owing to its transparency.

The most important, and most difficult, challenge in corneal gene therapy is the issue of delivery.

Corneal diseases potentially treatable by gene therapy include mucopolysaccharidosis VII, herpetic stromal keratitis, corneal neovascularisation, corneal burns and corneal transplantation and graft rejection, among others.

Gene therapy in the cornea has been mainly studied in animal models, the clinical trials in humans being scarce.
Development and Characterization of Gelatin‐Norbornene Bioink to Understand the Interplay between Physical Architecture and Micro‐Capillary Formation in Biofabricated Vascularized Constructs
Authors: Soliman Bram G. , Major Gretel S. , Atienza‐Roca Pau , Murphy Caroline A. , Longoni Alessia , Alcala‐Orozco Cesar R. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Gawlitta Debby , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Lim Khoon S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe principle challenge for engineering viable, cell‐laden hydrogel constructs of clinically‐relevant size, is rapid vascularization, in order to moderate the finite capacity of passive nutrient diffusion. A multiscale vascular approach, with large open channels and bulk microcapillaries may be an admissible approach to accelerate this process, promoting overall pre‐vascularization for long‐term viability of constructs. However, the limited availability of bioinks that possess suitable characteristics that support both fabrication of complex architectures and formation of microcapillaries, remains a barrier to advancement in this space. In this study, gelatin‐norbornene (Gel‐NOR) is investigated as a vascular bioink with tailorable physico‐mechanical properties, which promoted the self‐assembly of human stromal and endothelial cells into microcapillaries, as well as being compatible with extrusion and lithography‐based biofabrication modalities. Gel‐NOR constructs containing self‐assembled microcapillaries are successfully biofabricated with varying physical architecture (fiber diameter, spacing, and orientation). Both channel sizes and cell types affect the overall structural changes of the printed constructs, where cross‐signaling between both human stromal and endothelial cells may be responsible for the reduction in open channel lumen observed over time. Overall, this work highlights an exciting three‐way interplay between bioink formulation, construct design, and cell‐mediated response that can be exploited towards engineering vascular tissues.
Recent Advances in Hydrogenation Reactions Using Bimetallic Nanocatalysts: A Review
Authors: Anand Samika , Pinheiro Dephan , Sunaja Devi K. R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrogenation reactions have been studied for many decades now and have developed from reactions that appear simple to now being recognized for their many complexities. These reactions are generally catalyzed using monometallic and more recently, with bimetallic nanocatalysts. Hydrogenation plays a vital role in food, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceuticals, and dye industries to name a few. The hydrogenated products derived from several biomass‐based compounds are potential fossil fuels. Such products when employed in daily life, can help conserve natural resources. While hydrogenation of alkynes and alkenes are among the simplest of hydrogenation reactions, the most extensive and elegant manifestation of this reaction is seen in polymerization. Polymers like polythene, polypropylene (plastic) have replaced materials like glass, stainless steel, etc., in making daily use items for the obvious advantages of the former. Purification of alkenes is achieved by partially hydrogenating the respective alkynes present in trace amounts. This serves as an important step in the polymerization process. The presence of nitro group on aromatic rings makes them carcinogenic in nature which harms living organisms. For a safe environment, the elimination or modification of this nitro group becomes imperative. The products of hydrogenation of nitroaromatics and amino aromatics form the basis of pharmaceuticals and dyestuffs. A plethora of bimetallic catalysts have been used to catalyze these hydrogenation reactions. These catalysts are evaluated based on their selectivity and efficiency. This review highlights the recent advancements in the field of hydrogenation of nitro compounds, carbonyl compounds, and unsaturated hydrocarbons catalyzed by bimetallic nanoparticles.
Two‐Dimensional Fluorinated Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Hydrophobicity for Ultrafast Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Li Wei , Yuan Chen , Jia Lei , Liu Yan , Huang Aisheng , Cui Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) hold great potentials for addressing the challenge of highly efficient oil–water separation, but they are restricted by the poor wettability and processability as crystalline membranes. Here we report the design and synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) robust COFs with controllable hydrophobicity and processability, allowing the COF layers to be directly grown on the support surfaces. Three 2D COFs with AA or ABC stacking are prepared by condensation of triamines with fluorine and/or isopropyl groups and perfluorodialdehyde. They all show excellent tolerance to water, acid, and base, with water contact angles (CA) of 111.5–145.8°. The two COFs with isopropyl and fluorine mixtures can grow as a coating on a stainless‐steel net (SSN) substrate, whereas the one with only fluorine substituents cannot. The superhydrophobic COF@SSN coating with water CA of up to 150.1° displays high water‐resistance and self‐cleaning properties, enabling high oil–water separation performances with an efficiency of over 99.5 % and a permeation flux of 2.84×105 L m−2 h−1, which are among the highest values reported for state‐of‐the‐art membranes.
Fabrication and properties of polyhydroxybutyrate/kaolin nanocomposites and evaluation of their biocompatibility for biomedical applications
Authors: Ankush K. , Pugazhenthi G. , Vasanth D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe polyhydroxybutyrate biopolymer nanocomposites (C1–C10) were fabricated by solvent casting method with different loading of kaolin and polyethylene glycol. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microstructure of the composites varied with different kaolin loading. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirm the presence of kaolin in the polymer matrix due to the intercalation and formation of hydrogen bond. The contact angle of the nanocomposites decreased with increasing kaolin loading indicating an improvement in wettability of the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the Tmax and Tm of the nanocomposites increased with increasing kaolin loading. The mechanical property of the nanocomposite fabricated with 10 wt% kaolin (C10) was found to have identical mechanical property with natural bone that was selected as an optimum nanocomposite. The nanocomposite showed prolonged blood clotting time exhibiting anticoagulant nature of the nanocomposite. Moreover, low protein adsorption (168 ± 8 μg/cm2), suppressed platelet adhesion (75 ± 2 × 109 platelets/cm2) and less complement activation (118 ± 5 mg/dl for C3 and 658 ± 5 mg/dl for C4) showed the improvement in surface properties of the nanocomposite. In vitro bioactivity studies revealed the formation of hydroxyapatite layer on the surface of the nanocomposites. Eventually, the nanocomposites (C10) showed no cytotoxic effect on MG‐63 cells as tested through MTT assay and it is biologically safe.
Unusual oral expulsion of adult Taenia worm through vomiting
Authors: Raja Saud Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 49‐year‐old woman with a history of abdominal discomfort and raw beef intake vomited a long adult Taenia after an episode of acute febrile illness. This case report describes that Taeniasis can rarely present with oral expulsion of the tapeworm. Acute physiologic stress due to illness or surgery could be implicated.
Enoxaparin‐induced bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis at a distant location from the injection site
Authors: Al‐Mashdali Abdulrahman F. , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeparin‐induced bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis is a benign and self‐limited condition. However, it might cause significant patient frustration. Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse reaction.
The introduction of the particle concept in inclusive chemistry lessons based on the concept of “Chemistry for Life”
Authors: Kempke Tom , Flint Alfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDer Unterricht in inklusiven Klassen stellt für Chemielehrkräfte, die dafür nicht ausgebildet worden sind, eine große Herausforderung dar. Nach einer Analyse der realen Ausgangssituation wird in dem folgenden Beitrag anhand eines entwickelten Lernstrukturgitters gezeigt, wie man es im Rahmen einer Unterrichtseinheit zur Einführung der Teilchenvorstellung mithilfe von abgestuften Unterstützungsmaterialien Schülerinnen und Schülern ermöglichen kann, chemische Erkenntnisse auf einem individuell höchstmöglichen Komplexitätsgrad zu erwerben. Dabei gilt der Grundsatz des Arbeitens am gemeinsamen Gegenstand.