Bioaktivitas Campuran Serbuk Buah Sirih Hutan dan Bunga Cengkeh terhadap Serangga Sitophilus zeamais pada Biji Jagung di Penyimpanan
Authors: Nabila Ira , Susanna Susanna , Hasnah Hasnah 
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Jagung merupakan komoditi strategis bagi indonesia yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ternak, bahan pangan pokok, dan bahan baku industri. Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), dapat menyebabkan biji jagung di penyimpanan rusak sehingga menurunkan nilai pasar. Buah sirih hutan (Piper aduncum) dan bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida, fungisida, bakterisida, repellent, anti oviposisi, dan dapat menghambat perkembangan hidup serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas dan mendapatkan dosis yang tepat dari campuran buah sirih hutan dan bunga cengkeh dalam mengendalikan hama S. zeamais pada biji jagung di penyimpanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 unit percobaan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya repellent, mortalitas, rata-rata waktu kematian, lama F1 muncul, jumlah F1, persentase kerusakan, persentase penghambatan daya reproduksi F1, tingkat efikasi, dan sex rasio S. zeamais. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran kedua serbuk nabati berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya repellent imago S. zeamais pada dosis 2,5g + 7,5g C sebesar 30,82% dan mortalitas S. zeamais pada dosis 7,5g S + 2,5g C sebesar 94,50% pada 5 HSA, sehingga mempengaruhi rata-rata waktu kematian, lama F1 muncul, jumlah F1, persentase kerusakan biji jagung dan penghambatan daya reproduksi F1, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah sex rasio dari S. zeamais. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa campuran serbuk buah sirih hutan dan bunga cengkeh bersifat sinergis terhadap daya repellent namun bersifat antagonis terhadap mortalias S. zeamais. Bioactivity of a mixture of Forest Betel Fruit Powder against Sitophilus zeamais Insects on Corn Seeds in StorageAbstract. Corn is a strategic commodity for Indonesia which can be used as animal feed, staple food and industrial raw materials. Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can cause corn kernels in storage to become damaged, thereby reducing market value. Forest betel fruit (Piper aduncum) and clove flowers (Syzygium aromaticum) contain secondary metabolite compounds which have the potential to act as insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, repellents, anti-oviposition, and can inhibit the development of insect life. This research aims to determine the bioactivity and obtain the right dose of a mixture of forest betel fruit and clove flowers in controlling the pest S. zeamais on corn kernels in storage. This research used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatment levels with 4 replications, so there were 24 experimental units. The variables observed included repellent power, mortality, average time to death, time for F1 to appear, number of F1, percentage of damage, percentage of inhibition of F1 reproductive power, efficacy level, and sex ratio of S. zeamais. The results of the research showed that the mixture of the two powders had a significant effect on the repellent power of S. zeamais imago at a dose of 2.5g + 7.5g C by 30.82% and the mortality of S. zeamais at a dose of 7.5g S + 2, 5g C was 94.50% at 5 DAS, thus affecting the average time to death, time for F1 to appear, number of F1, percentage of corn kernel damage and inhibition of F1 reproductive power, but had no effect on the number of sex ratios of S. zeamais. In general, it can be said that the mixture of forest betel fruit powder and clove flowers is synergistic in terms of repellent power but is antagonistic to S. zeamais mortality