bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis del factor beta ( β) en el modelo de amplitud
Authors: Hernández R. José G. , García G. María J. 
Published: July 2021

En un reciente trabajo se presentó un modelo para ayudar a la toma de decisiones bajo incertidumbre, cuya principal característica es que dicho modelo, más allá́ de lo que hacen los modelos tradicionales, toma en cuenta la dispersión.
Dicho modelo, el Modelo de Amplitud (EMA), consiste básicamente en evaluar los valores esperados de las alternativas y corregir estos valores al tomar en cuenta la dispersión de los pagos.
En particular se trabajo con la amplitud, debido a su sencillez y facilidad de aplicación. Al hacer uso de la dispersión en el modelo fue necesaria la construcción de un factor beta (β), el cual se usa precisamente para castigar la amplitud.
Para validar el modelo se probó con algunos problemas particulares en su mayoría, tomados de la literatura especializada, quedando sentada su aplicabilidad, pero a la vez se notó que el rango de variación del factor beta (β), no pareciera tener sentido que fuese desde cero hasta uno, como se estableció́ en un principio, por lo cual como recomendación de dicha investigación se propuso, que se analizara con mayor profundidad el rango de variación de beta (β).
Con este trabajo de investigación se presenta el resultado de este estudio, para el cual se siguió́ el método científico aplicado a la investigación de operaciones, donde primero se definió́ el problema, lo que se puede transcribir como los objetivos de la investigación: Analizar la variabilidad del factor beta (β), en las aplicaciones de El Modelo de Amplitud (EMA), para que los resultados obtenidos con su aplicación no pierdan sentido físico.
Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Mandibular Incisors in A Sample of Kurdish Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Amin Anwar 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: This study's objective was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing mandibular incisors (central and lateral incisors) in Kurdish patients seeking orthodontic treatment.
Methods: The data were captured from 4056 patients (2596 females and 1460 males) seeking orthodontic treatment and included orthopantomograms, intraoral photographs, study models, while anamnestic data were retrieved and examined to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing lower incisors. A Chi-square test was used to determine significant differences.
Results: The prevalence of missing lower incisors was 1.28%, with no statistically significant difference between males and females. A total of 73 permanent lower incisors were missing, with an average of 1.42 teeth per patient. Missing unilateral (59%) was more frequent than missing bilateral (41%). Within the unilateral cases, the left side tooth was more frequently missing than the right side, and the central incisor was the most frequently missing tooth. In addition, missing unilateral was more frequent in females, and missing bilateral was more frequent in males. In most subjects (76%), where mandibular incisors were missing, there were no other missing teeth.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypodontia can vary in different ethnic groups. In the Kurdish population, the prevalence was comparable with other ethnic groups, and the most frequently missing lower incisor was the left central incisor, followed by the right central incisor. Furthermore, missing unilateral was more frequent than missing bilateral.
Oral Health Behaviours, Knowledge and Attitudes Among Dental College Students in Sulaimani City, Iraq
Authors: Noori Arass 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the oral health behavior, knowledge, and attitudes of dental college students.
Methods: A self-assessment questionnaire was used in this study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their level of study (pre-clinical and clinical).
Results: A total of 140 students participated in the study, with 79(56%) pre-clinical and 61(44%) were at the clinical levels. The majority of students reported brushing their teeth (90.7%) with no association between toothbrushing behavior and gender or level of study (P>0.05). The most common tooth brushing frequency was twice daily with no gender association (P>0.05), and a higher percentage of students at clinical levels of the study reported brushing their teeth more than twice daily (P<0.05). The majority of students reported using fluoridated toothpaste (60.7%). In total, about half of the students reported using dental floss with a significant association with the level of study (P<0.01). Tongue cleaning was reported by 69.3% of the students, and about half of the students reported using mouthwashes, and one-fourth of the students reported using Miswak. In total, about half of the students reported their oral health status as “Good”. Routine dental visits and the level of the study were significantly associated (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Noticeable differences in oral health behaviors could not be concluded on a statistical basis. Nevertheless, there were areas of oral health behaviors where increased knowledge showed an improvement in health behavior. It is recommended that preventive programs, including self-care regimes, be started from the first year of dental education.
Perceptions of Orthodontists on Bracket Dislodgement During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment (A Cross Sectional Study)
Authors: Ismail Hadi 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Bracket failure is one of the problems that happen during fixed orthodontic treatment, which slows treatment progression and is costly in time, material, and patient inconvenience. The present study aimed to assess orthodontic professionals' perceptions regarding bracket failure during fixed orthodontic treatment.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a self–administered questionnaire among orthodontic professionals. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested before study conduction. In total, 158 orthodontic professionals were approached across Iraq. The questionnaire included eight questions on practice, nine on perceptions, and three on awareness with regard to the prevention and management of bracket failure. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The majority of the participants either agreed (58.2%) or strongly agreed (27.8%) that instruction on appropriate food consumption is the best way to prevent bracket debonding. Years of experience were shown to have a statistically significant association with the rate of bracket failure and number of appointments per week for bracket rebonding, at p=0.01 and p=0.001, respectively. A postgraduate orthodontics degree was shown to have a statistically significant association with perception and awareness within the study population, at p= 0.0005 and p=0.01, respectively.
Conclusions: Orthodontic professionals regarded orthodontists as having the least responsibility for bracket failure. It is recommended to have special practice guidelines for the management of bracket failure.
Immunohistochemical Expression of BubR1 and Telomerase in Minor Salivary Gland Tissue Adjacent to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hamied Marwa 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Evaluation of the expression of tissue markers in the parenchyma within the area adjacent to a primary tumor is critical in cancer progression, prevention, and identification of early changes in the field of cancerization. The present study aimed to evaluate BubR1 and telomerase activity in minor salivary gland tissue adjacent to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with their clinicopathological features.
Methods: Four-micron tissue sections from 21 formalin-fixed paraffin blocks of OSCC surgical margins were prepared and stained for anti-BubR1 and anti-telomerase antigens.
Results: The studied sample included 71.4% males and 28.6% females, and the most prevalent site was buccal mucosa (42.9%). The total sample showed a high (71.4%) BubR1 expression, while telomerase was expressed in 42.9%. BubR1 was expressed significantly in the buccal mucosa (p=0.000) in the myoepithelial (cytoplasmic) and ductal cells (cytoplasmic and mixed). In comparison, telomerase showed significant myoepithelial mixed and cytoplasmic expression of buccal mucosa (p=0.013) and nuclear expression in ductal cells within the tongue (p=0.05). Both markers showed altered expression and predominated significantly in cases adjacent to poorly differentiated OSCC (p<0.05). Lastly, a moderate/strong correlation between the aberrant accumulation of BubR1 and telomerase was found (r=0.5-0.8, p<0.05).
Conclusions: Elevated expression of BubR1 and telomerase was found in the minor salivary gland adjacent to OSCC. Therefore, they represent a valuable tool to identify molecular changes in the field of cancerization. Cases of OSCC excised from buccal mucosa and tongue required a regular follow-up, especially poorly differentiated OSCCs. The elevated expression of both markers positively regulates each other.
Determination of Mandibular Arch Form During Mixed Dentition Using Custom Made Template in Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed , Rauf Aras , Kareem Fadil , Abdalrahim Rukhosh , Ahmed Wida , Omer Sanaa 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The dental arch form and dimensions change continuously and systematically during human growth and development, but this decreases adulthood. During mixed dentition, changes in dental arch forms and the occlusion occur due to teeth movements and growth of the alveolar bone. Usually, changes in the mandibular arch are followed by changes in the maxillary arch. The research aimed to determine the most frequent mandibular dental arch form and its relationship with gender.
Methods: The mandibular arch forms of 115 schoolchildren with mixed dentition were examined using their dental casts. Adobe Photoshop© (21.0.0, 2019) program was used to construct a template from photographs of the casts and printed on transparent paper to overlay the casts. The data were collected and calculated using statistical software to determine the frequencies of different arch forms among the studied sample.
Results: The sample was composed of 61 males (53%) and 54 females (47%). The oval arch form was the most frequent type with 70 cases (60.9%), followed by the square arch form with 38 cases (33%), and finally the tapered arch form with 7 cases (6.1%). No significant relationship was found between the arch form and the gender of the participants.
Conclusions: Oval arch form was the most predominant type of arch form of the mandible in the mixed dentition, and there was no relationship with gender.
Evaluation of Metallic Ion Release from Fixed Orthodontic Appliance in Two Different Mouthwashes and Distilled Water: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mahmood Rawand , Mohsin Mahmoud , Mohammad Mansour , Shukr Mohammed 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: Biocompatibility is an essential requirement for orthodontic appliances, but it leaches metallic ions in the presence of saliva, prophylactic mouthwashes, and toothpaste. This study evaluates the amount of ion release from orthodontic brackets and archwires after immersing them in two different mouthwash and distilled water types.
Methods: Twenty-four orthodontic sets for one mandibular quadrant, including (five brackets), one buccal tube, and a half of the required length of CuNiTi archwires for each set were used. The samples were dipped in Ortho Kin, Kin Forte, distilled water, and measurements were taken at two time points, first after twenty-four hours and second after two weeks. Distilled water was used as the control group. Then the amount of metallic ion release is evaluated by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) spectroscopy.
Results: Results showed that the highest concentration of metallic ion release was from samples containing Ortho Kin mouthwash (fluoridated) then the Kin Forte and distilled water.
Conclusions: Fluoridated mouthwash caused more metallic ion release from orthodontic appliances than non-fluoridated mouthwash and distilled water.
Oral Manifestations and Microbiological Effects of Miswak and Toothbrush Users in a Sample of People of Kirkuk City
Authors: Ahmad Hemin , Abdulkareem Saeed 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: To assess and compare the oral hygiene, gingival conditions, and salivary microbiota levels among a group of people in Kirkuk city who used miswak or toothbrush regularly for their routine daily oral hygiene.
Methods: Sixty male subjects with the age range of 25-65 (mean 35.2), 30 Miswak, and 30 Toothbrush users were enrolled in the study. The oral manifestations were assessed clinically using three different indices, while the microbial effects have been studied simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), gingival index (GI), and decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT) by determining the level of selected bacterial species in the collected saliva samples from all participants.
Results: It showed that all three indices (OHI-S, GI, and DMFT) were significantly higher in Miswak users than in toothbrush users. There were significantly higher pathogenic microorganisms (E.coli, Candida albicans, Klebsiella) in the saliva sample of Miswak used group than in the toothbrush group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding (S.pyogenes, Lactobacillus, and Staph aureus). Also, gum recession and tooth wear (Abrasion) were significantly higher in Miswak users than in toothbrush users (P=0.01),(P=0.001), respectively.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the Miswak appears less efficient than tooth brushing to improve oral hygiene and periodontal conditions. Moreover, the antimicrobial agents contained in the Miswak offer no advantages over tooth brushing with toothpaste.
Fundação Escola Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha: da construção física à constituição de um mito de excelência (1957-1967)
Authors: Müller Deise Margô , Grazziotin Luciane Sgarbi S. 
Published: July 2021

Este estudo tem viés historiográfico e o objeto de análise é a Fundação Escola Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha localizada no município de Novo Hamburgo/RS. Tem o objetivo de explicitar as escolhas metodológicas que viabilizam a produção historiográfica vinculada à temática da História das Instituições de Ensino. Ao se investigar a gênese do processo de implantação de uma escola técnica, em determinado tempo e lugar, foi possível compreender a construção de um discurso de excelência de ensino em tal instituição e o envolvimento desse discurso com as políticas públicas de educação vigentes no período estudado, articuladas às características regionais do espaço geográfico em que a escola está localizada.Palavras chave: Metodologia de Pesquisa. Ensino Técnico Profissionalizante. História da Educação. História das Instituições de Ensino.Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha Technical School: from the physical construction to the constitution of a myth of excellence (1957-1967)ABSTRACTThis historiographical study relates to the History of Educational Institutions, and its object of analysis is the Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha Technical School, located in the city of Novo Hamburgo/RS. It aims at revealing the methodological choices that enable historiographical production in past times. Investigating the genesis of the process of implantation of a technical school, in a certain time and place, enabled understanding about the construction of a discourse of educational excellence in this institution, as well as the involvement of this discourse with educational public policies in effect in the period studied, articulated to the regional characteristics of the geographic space in which the school is located.Keywords: Research Methodology. Technical Professional Secondary Education. History of Education. History of Educational Institutions.Fundación Escuela Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha: de la construcción física hasta la constitución de un mito de excelencia (1957 - 1967)RESUMENEste estudio tiene un carácter historiográfico y el objeto del análisis es la Fundación Escuela Técnica Liberato Salzano Vieira da Cunha, situada en la ciudad de Novo Hamburgo/RS. Tiene el objetivo de explicitar las opciones metodológicas que hacen posible la producción historiográfica vinculada a la temática de la Historia de las Instituciones de Educación. Investigando el origen del proceso de implantación de una escuela técnica, en determinado tiempo y lugar, fue posible entender la construcción de un discurso de excelencia de enseñanza en tal institución y el envolvimiento de ese discurso con las políticas públicas de educación vigentes en el período estudiado, articuladas a las características regionales del espacio geográfico donde se localiza la escuela.Palabras clave: Metodología de investigación. Enseñanza técnica profesional. Historia de la Educación. Historia de las Instituciones de Educación.
A universidade em ação: ensino, formação e extensão no Festival da Primavera da UEMG
Authors: Vaz Aline Choucair , Brescia Amanda Tolomelli 
Published: July 2021

Este artigo versa sobre o I Festival da Primavera, realizado no âmbito da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, em 2019. Os objetivos são avaliar o evento e promover reflexões para aprimorá-lo, pensando em projetos educacionais inovadores que aperfeiçoem o ensino, a extensão e a pesquisa na docência universitária, além da utilização do conceito principal de Moscovici (2003) para analisar as representações sociais dos participantes. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por questionário on-line, enviado a posteriori aos participantes. Os resultados apontam que o evento é um espaço importante para debates, mas ressaltam pontos a serem melhorados em sua realização.Palavras-chave: Festival Universitário. Comunidade. Extensão.The university in action: education, formation and outreach in The UEMG Spring FestivalABSTRACTThis is an article about the UEMG Springtime Festival, which took place in the Minas Gerais State University in 2019. The goals are to evaluate the event and to promote reflections in order to bolster it, by thinking of educational projects that enhance teaching, outreach and research in scholarship, also using Moscovici’s (2003) main concept to analyze the social representation of participants. The data was collected through an online survey. The results show that the event is an important space for debate, although there is room for improvement in its organization.Keywords: University Festival. Community. Outreach.La universidad en acción: enseñanza, formación y extensión en el Festival de Primavera UEMGRESUMENEste artículo trata sobre el Festival de Primavera celebrado en la Universidad del Estado de Minas Gerais en 2019. Los objetivos son evaluar el evento y promover reflexiones para mejorarlo, pensando enproyectos educativos innovadores que mejoren la docencia, extensión e investigación en la docencia universitaria, además del uso del concepto principal de Moscovici (2003) para analizar las representaciones sociales de los participantes. La recopilación de datos se produjo mediante cuestionario on-line (en línea). Los resultados indican que el evento es unespacio importante para los debates, pero destacan los puntos a mejorar en su realización.Palabras clave: Festival Universitario. Comunidad. Extensión.
A influência da participação popular nas políticas públicas para a educação infantil no município do Recife
Authors: Silva Joyce Danielly Pedrosa da , Santos Ana Lúcia Felix dos 
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo discute a relação entre as políticas públicas para educação infantil e as possibilidades de interferência da participação popular nas ações que são de responsabilidade dos municípios. Tem como objetivo analisar a influência da participação popular nas decisões para política educativas nessa área, considerando a concepção de infância e suas especificidades. Toma como espaço de estudo o município do Recife e adota como campo empírico documentos concernentes ao assunto. Procurou considerar os avanços e contradições que permearam o processo de reconhecimento da educação infantil como direito da criança. Os dados revelaram que a participação das comunidades e seus representantes foi determinante para a construção do perfil das ações para a educação infantil municipal.Palavras-chave: Políticas Educacional. Participação Popular. Educação Infantil. Recife.The influence of popular participation in early chilhood educaction’s public policies in the city of RecifeAbstractThis article discusses the correlation between early childhood education's public policies and the possibilities of popular participation interference in actions which are the city’s responsibility. It aims to analyze the influence of popular participation in decisions for educational policies in this field, considering the concept of childhood and its specificities. Takes the city of Recife as a study space, and documents concerning the subject as an empirical field. It pursued to consider the advances and contradictions which permeated the recognition process of early childhood education as a child’s right. The data revealed that the participation of communities and their representatives was decisive in developing the action’s profile for municipal early childhood education.Keywords: Educational Policies. Popular Participation. Childhood Education. Recife.La influencia de la participación popular em las políticas públicas para la edcación de la primera infancia en el município de RecifeResumenEste artículo analisa la relación entre las políticas públicas para la educación de la primera infancia y las possibilidades de la interferência del participación popular en acciones que son responsabilidade de los municípios. Su objetivoes analizar la influencia de la participación popular em las decisiones del política educativa para primera infância, considerando la concepción de la infância y sus especificidades. La ciudad de Recife fuera lo espacio del estúdio y adopta documentos empíricos sobre el tema. Intentó considerar los avances y contradicciones que permearon el proceso que he reconocido la educación de la primera infancia como un derecho del niño. Los datos revelaron que la participación de las comunidades y sus representantes fue determinante en la construcción del perfil de acciones para la educación infantil municipal.Palabras Clave: Políticas Educativas, Participación Popular, Educación Infantil, Ciudad de Recife.