bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Addition with Fermented Sorghum Distiller's Dried Grains with Soluble Improved Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Growing-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Li Huawei , Duan Yehui , Yin Fugui , Zhu Qian , Hu Chengjun , Wu Lingying , Xie Peifeng , Li Fengna , Cheng Runxi , Kong Xiangfeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The fermented sorghum distiller's dried grains with soluble (FS-DDGS) contain numerous nutrients, yet its nutritional effects on growing-finishing pigs remain unclear. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FS-DDGS addition on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 48 healthy male crossbred (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) barrows with initial body weight (BW) of 39.95 ± 2.15 kg were allocated to one of four dietary treatments (12 pigs per treatment). The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet without (FS-DDGS0 group) or with 50 g/kg (FS-DDGS50 group), 100 g/kg (FS-DDGS100 group), or 150 g/kg (FS-DDGS150) FS-DDGS, respectively. Results showed that dietary FS-DDGS addition increased (linear, P < 0.05) the pH24h value, and contents of ash, crude protein, and Pro in Longissimus dorsi muscle, and Ala, Arg, Asp, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Ser, and Tyr in Biceps femoris (BF) muscle. Meanwhile, dietary FS-DDGS addition decreased (linear, P < 0.05) the drip loss, b* value, and L* value. In addition, an effect (quadratic, P < 0.05) on total bone percentage and Gly and Pro contents in BF muscle were observed. Collectively, these findings suggested that dietary FS-DDGS addition could improve carcass traits and meat quality; nevertheless, more research is warranted to determine the underlying mechanism associated with the alterations.
Crane Cloud: A Resilient Multi-Cloud Service Layer for Resource Constrained Settings
Authors: Bainomugisha Engineer , Mwotil Alex 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Whereas the main cloud providers have set up cloud services on stable infrastructure, developers and users situated in low-resource settings access cloud services and platforms using low-end computing devices that often connect to the Internet via slow mobile connections. These settings require custom software abstraction layers that consider such bandwidth constraints and intermittent connections as a rule rather than the exception. In this paper, we identify key challenges for developing for and accessing cloud services in resource constrained settings, namely, (1) Frequent Internet partitions and bandwidth constraints, (2) Data jurisdiction restrictions, (3) Vendor lock-in, and (4) Poor quality of service. To address these challenges, we propose a set of design considerations and properties for a resilient multi-cloud service layer, that includes: (1) Containerisation and orchestration of applications, (2) Service scheduling and replication, (3) Portability and multi-cloud migration, (4) Resilience to network partitions and bandwidth constraints, (5) Automated service discovery and load balancing, (6) Localised image registry, and (7) Support for platform monitoring and management. We present a prototype validation case study, Crane Cloud, an open source multi-cloud service abstraction layer built on-top of Kubernetes that is designed with inherent support for resilience to network partitions, microservice orchestration (deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications)a localized image registry, support for migration of services between private and public clouds to avoid vendor lock-in issues and platform monitoring. We evaluate the performance and user experience of Crane Cloud by implementing and deploying a computational and bandwidth intensive machine learning system shows lower response time compared when hosted on other public clouds.
How Does Green Technology Innovation Affect Urbanization? An Empirical Study from Provinces of China
Authors: Xu Yingzhi , Zhang Ruijie , Fan Xiaomin , Wang Qiutong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of green technology innovation on urbanization using the panel data for 30 Chinese provinces during 2005–2016. First, using the panel Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation method, we analyze the direct impact of green technology innovation on urbanization and its three dimensions, namely population urbanization, industrial urbanization and ecological urbanization. Results show that green technology innovation has significantly promoted the development of urbanization, particularly ecological urbanization. Then, we examine the indirect impact of green technology innovation on urbanization applying the mediating effect method. It is concluded that green technology innovation can indirectly affect urbanization through foreign investment effect, energy consumption effect and informatization development effect, while the mediating role of industrial structure optimization effect is not significant. Finally, we propose several recommendations in terms of innovative talents introduction, industrial upgrading, and smart city construction to better promote China’s urbanization through green technology innovation.
S-Ketamine Exerts Antidepressant Effects by Regulating Rac1 Gtpase Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Stressed Rats
Authors: Zhu Xianlin , Zhang Fan , You Yufeng , Wang Hongbai , Yuan Su , Wu Banglin , Zhu Rongyu , Liu Dawei , Yan Fuxia , Wang Zaiping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Clinical studies have found that ketamine has a rapid and lasting antidepressant effect, especially in the case of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In this study, we observe the effects of S-Ketamine on the expression of Rac1, neuronal morphology, and synaptic transmission function in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to construct stressed rats. The rats were given a different regimen of ketamine (20mg/kg, i.p.) and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50µg, ICV) treatment. The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test and open-field test. The protein expression of Rac1, Glur1, synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot. Pull-down analysis was used to examine the activity of Rac1. Golgi staining and electrophysiological study were used to observe the neuronal morphology and long-term potentiation (LTP). Our results showed that ketamine can up-regulate the expression and activity of Rac1; increase the spine density and the expression of synaptic-related proteins such as Glur1, Synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus of stressed rats; reduce the CUMS-induced LTP impairments; and consequently improve depression-like behavior. However, Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 could have effectively reversed ketamine-mediated changes in the hippocampus of rats and counteracted its antidepressant effects. The specific mechanism of S-ketamine's antidepressant effect may be related to the up-regulation of the expression and activity of Rac1 in the hippocampus of stressed rats, thus enhancing synaptic plasticity.
miRNA-based “Fitness Score” to Assess the Individual Response to Diet, Metabolism and Exercise
Authors: Krammer Ulrike Dagmar Barbara , Tschida Sylvia , Berner Julia , Lilja Stephanie , Switzeny Olivier Jerome , Hippe Berit , Rust Petra , Haslberger Alexander Günter 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Regular, especially sustained exercise training plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of multiple chronic diseases. Some of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms behind the adaptive response to physical activity are still unclear, but recent findings suggest a possible role of epigenetic mechanisms, especially miRNAs, in the progression and management of exercise related changes. Due to the combination of the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers (miRNAs), the intake of food and supplements, and genetic dispositions, a “fitness sore” was evaluated to assess the individual response to nutrition, metabolism and exercise.Methods: In response to a 12-week sport intervention we analyzed genetic and epigenetic biomarkers in capillary blood, including Line-1 methylation, three SNPs and ten miRNAs using HRM and qPCR analysis. These biomarkers were also analyzed in a control group without intervention. Food frequency intake, including dietary supplement intake, and general health questionnaires were surveyed under the supervision of trained staff.Results: Exercise training decreased the expression of miR-20a, -22 and -505 (p < 0.02) and improved the “fitness score”, which estimates eight different lifestyle factors to assess, nutrition, inflammation, cardiovascular fitness, injury risk, regeneration, muscle- and hydration status as well as stress level. In addition, we were able to determine correlations between individual miRNAs, miR-20a, -22 and -101 (p < 0.04), and the genetic predisposition for endurance and / or strength and for obesity risk (ACE, ACTN3 and FTO), as well as between miRNAs and the body composition (p < 0.05). And we identified two miRNAs, miR-19b and -378a (p < 0.05), which could potentially provide information about the micronutrient / vitamin requirements of an athlete.Conclusions: Due to the detailed knowledge of individual regulatory mechanisms in the metabolism of sport intervention and / or nutritional behavior, this knowledge and our results can be used for personalized interventions and in the context of the new field of precision nutrition and precision training.
Correlates of Post-Partum Intra-Uterine Copper-T Devices (PPIUCD) Acceptability and Retention: An Observational Study from North India.
Authors: Gupta Sneha , Bansal Romi , Shergill Harbhajan Kaur , Sharma Pradeep , Garg Priyanka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Immediate postpartum period is the most appropriate time for introducing contraception as women are more pliable and highly motivated to adopt family planning methods. We assessed the safety and efficacy of post placental IUCD insertion (Cu- T 380A) immediately after delivery of placenta in women undergoing expected vaginal delivery or caesarean section and its compliance.Material and method: This prospective observational study was conducted for a period of (exact period of study) at a tertiary care institute in North India. Patients delivering at our hospital were recruited in the study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria after taking informed consent.Results: A total of 300 women were counselled over one year. Of these, 60% of women accepted PPIUCD. The majority of the PPIUCD acceptors were primigravida (61.7%), educated (86.1%), belonging to urban areas (61.7%), between 25 to 30 years (40.6%). The Follow-up rate was 93%, 90% and 81% at six weeks, three months, and six months, while the continuation rate at six months was 80%. The most common complication during follow-up were abnormal uterine bleeding, infection and missing threads. There was no case of perforation or failure of PPIUCD. The expulsion rate was 5%, and 14% of women had removal of PPIUCD.Conclusion: PPIUCD is a safe, highly effective, low cost, long-acting and feasible method of contraception. Skill enhancement of healthcare personnel for insertion techniques, adequate antenatal counselling, and advocacy of PPIUCD can help increase the acceptability of PPIUCD.
Worsening Functional Status in Nephrogeriatrics Needs to Be Accounted for When Clinically Assessing CKD Advancement in Addition to GFR; Supporting Evidence Based on the Practical Application of Theoretical Modelling.
Authors: Wisniewska Magdalena , Niemczyk Stanislaw 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Incidence rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are found to increase with age as well as in those elderly patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. Using glomerular filtration rate as a sole predictor of CKD progression in the elderly is highly biased, unless other changes to patient health are accounted for.Aim: To determine the interrelated dependencies between chronic kidney disease with the functional status of patients aged over 65 years and to elucidate differences in functional status between CKD patients and controls.Methods: Patient subjects were qualified according to their assessed outcomes from the study protocol, which were achieved by: geriatric interview, assessing functional status by the IADL, Barthel and Tinetti tests together with assessing kidney function by performing laboratory tests of glomerular filtration rate, creatinine and urea. Subjects were divided into two groups: method 1 - according to GFR and method 2 - according to GFR and functional test results. The data were statistically analysed by structural equation modelling and k-means.Results: Positive relationships were found between the CKD stage and comorbidity (β = 0.551, p <0.0005), along with the number of medications taken and age (respectively β = 0.194, p = 0.007 and β = 0.301, p <0.0005). A highly negative relationship was observed between the CKD stage and the Tinetti test results (β = -0.716, p <0.0005), whilst more moderate ones were found with the IADL and Barthel scores (respectively β = -0.49, p <0.0005 and β = -0.402, p <0.0005). The patient groups demonstrated differences in health status when selected by method-2 for: age, comorbidity, number of medications taken, fitness test outcomes (Tinetti, Barthel and IADL tests at p <0.005). Those groups divided according to GFR, however only showed differences in age, comorbidity and the number of medication taken (p <0.005).Conclusions: The functional status worsens in geriatric patients suffering from CKD. It may thus be important to also account for disruptions to functional status when assessing CKD advancement in the elderly in addition to the GFR. The biggest problems for the over 80s suffering from CKD are gait and balance disorders, leading to a high risk of falls. Another common problem is polypharmacy, found in both the geriatric population and particularly in those suffering from CKD.
Air Quality And Health Benefits of Increasing Carbon Mitigation Tech-Innovation In China
Authors: Jin Shunlin , Wang Weidong , Ostic Dragana , Zhang Caijing , Lu Na , Wang Dong , Ni Wenli 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Most studies on the short-term local benefits of carbon mitigation technologies on air quality improvement and health focus on specific technologies such as biofuels or Carbon sequestration technologies, while ignoring the overall role of the growing scale of low-carbon technologies, and the relevant empirical studies are particularly lacking. Based on STIRPAT model and EKC hypothesis, this paper takes 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2016 as research samples, measures the carbon mitigation tech-innovation(CMTI) with Y02 low carbon patent applications, and constructs a econometric model to empirically analyze the effect of carbon mitigation tech-innovation in response to climate change on the inhibition of haze pollution. It draws on relevant studies to quantify air quality and health benefits of carbon mitigation tech-innovation. Research shows that a 1% increase in the number of low-carbon patent applications can reduce haze pollution by 0.066%. According to this estimate, to 2029,China's carbon mitigation tech-innovation could reduce PM2.5 concentration to 15µg/m3 preventing 5.597million premature deaths. The research further found that carbon mitigation tech-innovation can also indirectly inhibit haze pollution by triggering more systematic economic structure changes such as energy and industrial structure. Additionally, the study found that the role of grey tech-innovation(GT) related to improving the efficiency of fossil energy is stronger than that of clean technology(CT) related to the use of renewable energy. This suggests that for a large economy such as China, where coal is still the dominant source of energy consumption, the short-term local benefits of improving air quality and health through the use of grey tech-innovation to improve energy and industrial structure are still important to balance the cost of carbon mitigation.
How Can Industrial Upgrading Improve China's Air Quality —Empirical Analysis Based on Multilevel Growth Model
Authors: Li Zining , Li Congxin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in China, the ecological environment has been damaged, especially the air quality, which has brought troubles to the production and life of residents. China has taken various measures to improve air quality, and industrial upgrading is one of the measures. How can industrial upgrading improve air quality? This article uses the urban and provincial data from 2015 to 2018, adopts a multilevel growth model, and draws the following conclusions through empirical analysis.Companies aiming at economic profit and survival will eventually lead to overall industrial upgrades that have little effect on air improvement.Industrial structure adjustment under the effect of industrial upgrading can reduce air pollution and have a significant impact on the improvement of air quality.Industrial upgrading under the effect of time will inevitably reduce the impact on environmental pollution, which is conducive to the improvement of air quality.According to the empirical results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the air quality.
What Do We Need to Improve Communication Skills Training in China: Suggestions from Nationwide Survey
Authors: Ge Yurong , Takeda Yuko , Liang Peifeng , Xia Shilin , Nealy Marcellus , Muranaka Yoko , Sun Shishu , Okada Takao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To investigate the current status of simulated patient (SP) program education in mainland China. Methods: It is a cross sectional surveys to SP program with qualitative research method and statistical analysis. The study was conducted in 79 medical colleges in mainland China. Questionnaires were distributed to 79 medical colleges in mainland China, and 68 were completed and returned. Of those, we selected 64 valid feedback (valid response rate 81.0%). We compared the current status of SP, the origin of SP, SP training course, challenge, and future plan of 79 medical colleges in mainland China. Results: The number of SP program education in medical college with long clinical programs was significantly higher than that in medical colleges with single 5-year clinical program (p<0.01). Communication training accounted for 72.9% in SP program education, while the proportion was 90% in those colleges that planned to initiate SP program education. SP recruitment included students (56.8%), residents (48.7%), medical staffs (32.4%) and teachers (32.4%). The colleges, planning a SP program, preferred teachers (80%) and students (55%). In OSCE, a co-scoring from both SPs and teachers occupied a higher proportion in interrogation station and doctor-patient communication station. The obstacles were SP team instability, insufficient fund, lack of evaluation criterion, and few courses. Conclusions: SP program has advantage of improving doctor-patient relationship. Patient and public involvement will benefit from an increase for resident proportion in SP members. Overcoming the obstacles contributes to expanding the utilization of SP program and further improving student’s communication skills.
Long-Term Fertilization Alters the Chemical Composition of Dissolved Organic Carbon via Regulating Soil Physicochemical Factors
Authors: Zhang Yang , E Shengzhe , Wang Yanan , Zhang Nan , Wu Cuixia , Zeng Xibai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a key role in fundamental biogeochemical processes; however, the influences of different types of fertilization on the chemical composition and properties of DOC molecules in soils are poorly understood. In this study, DOC samples were extracted from gray desert soils treated with five fertilization treatments 1) chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; 2) pig and cattle manure; 3) 50% nitrogen from manure and 50% nitrogen from chemical fertilizer; 4) total chemical fertilizers and total manure; and 5) no fertilization (control). Data were compared by a combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and statistical analyses. Results showed that manure application increased the aliphatic carbon and decreased the aromatic carbon levels, implying manure application promotes the transformation of labile carbon to stable carbon structures. Redundancy analysis indicated that available nutrients and available forms of magnesium were positively associated with the labile carbon groups, and the available forms of calcium were positively associated with the stable carbon groups. These results demonstrated that the availability of soil nutrients and minerals are influential factors on DOC turnover. Moreover, our results showed that fertilization method had negative direct effects on DOC transformation and positive indirect effects on DOC turnover via soil physicochemical factors, and various forms of mineral ions were the strongest explanatory factors of DOC variation. These findings indicated that soil physicochemical factors play an important role as mediators in the influence of fertilization practices on the chemical composition of DOC and turnover of carbon-containing functional groups in DOC.
Oral Rehabilitation of Oncology Patients With Microvascular Free Flaps With a Follow-Up of 2 to 6 Years
Authors: Goker Funda , Baj Alessandro , Bolzoni Alessandro Remigio , Maiorana Carlo , Beltramini Giada , Gianni Aldo Bruno , Fabbro Massimo Del 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reconstruction with free flaps after radical cancer surgery in terms of function and esthetics can be quite demanding. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively oral rehabilitation with microvascular free flaps and dental implants for maxillofacial reconstruction in oncologic patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years after implant insertions.METHODS: The study consisted of 17 patients diagnosed with either squamous cell carcinoma, fusocellular carcinoma, or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The reconstruction of the maxillofacial defects was done with microvascular free flaps (free fibular flap, antero-lateral thigh flap, or radial forearm flap). Implants were inserted on the average 30.2±15.5 months after reconstructive operations. A total of 74 implants were inserted. Mean follow up after maxillo-facial surgery was 6.16 years (mean 73.93±14.48 months). Mean follow up after implant insertions was 3.61 years (mean 43.50±12.96). Primary outcome was implant survival. Secondary outcome was evaluation of post-surgical complications.RESULTS: There were surgical revisions in seven patients after reconstructive surgery with flaps, mainly due to tumor relapse. Complications were seen in 11 patients. 1 implant was lost in a female patient 15 months after placement. Overall implant survival rate was 97.5%. No relations were found between implant survival rate and gender, type of tumor, type of microvascular free flap, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and prosthesis type.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, oral rehabilitation with dental implants inserted in free flaps for maxillofacial reconstruction after ablative oncologic surgery can be considered as a safe treatment modality with successful outcomes.