bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of the Leaves of Three Plant Species Collected From Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Yeshanew Solomon , Gete Worke , Chilo Desalegn 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: In the era of multidrug resistant Plasmodium parasites, the management and control of malaria infection become complicated. Therefore, Alternative but effective plant based antimalarial treatments need to be discovered. In the search for potential antimalarial medicines, the present study tried to examine In-vivo efficacy evaluation of ethanol crude extracts of Croton macrostachyus, Ruta chalepensis, and Vernonia amygdalina against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Oral acute toxicity assessment of the extracts was done in mice received up to 3000 mg/kg of dosage to see safety level of the plant materials. The standard 4-days antimalarial suppressive test was also employed to determine growth inhibition of parasitaemia at doses of 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg of the extracts. In addition, preliminary phytochemical screenings of the extracts were also carried out according to the standard procedures. Results: Extracts of the plant materials did not produce serious acute toxic effects on mice received up to a single dose of 3000 mg/kg. Although complete clearance was not recorded, extracts of the plant materials produced dose dependent suppression of the parasitaemia. The highest growth inhibition recorded was by extract of V. amygdalina (61.44%) followed by C. macrostachyus (59.3%) at 800 mg/kg of tested doses. Whereas, complete parasitaemia clearance was attributed in mice which got 25 mg/kg of Chloroquine (CQ). In addition, survival time of experimental mice was recorded and the finding revealed mice treated with the extracts lived longer than the negative control groups. The phytochemical screening of the crude extracts was also carried out and revealed the presence of antimalarial active constituents such as alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, and tannins. Conclusion: The present study therefore, confirms ethanol crude extracts of C. macrostachyus, R. chalepensis, and V. amygdalina are safe and rich with active secondary metabolites which have promising antimalarial effects.
Acute Noise Causes Down-Regulation of ECM Protein Expression in Guinea Pig Cochlea
Authors: Shi Min , Shi Lei , Ding Daxiong , Hu Yiyong , Qi Guowei , Zhan Li , Zhu Yuhua , Lv Ping , Yu Ning 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Proteomics technology reveals the marker proteins, potential pathogenesis and intervention targets after noise-induced hearing loss.To study the differences in cochlea protein expression before and after noise exposure using proteomics to reveal the pathological mechanism of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).Methods: A guinea pig NIHL model was established to test the ABR thresholds before and after noise exposure. The proteomics technology was used to study the mechanism of differential protein expression in the cochlea by noise stimulation.Results: The average hearing threshold of guinea pigs on the first day after noise exposure was 57.00±6.78dB SPL; the average hearing threshold on the seventh day after noise exposure was 45.83±6.07dB SPL,. The proteomics technology identified 3122 different inner ear proteins, of which six proteins related to the hearing were down-regulation: TenascinC, Collagen type XI alpha two chains, Collagen type II alpha one chain, Thrombospondin 2, Collagen type XI alpha one chain and Ribosomal protein L38, and are enriched in protein absorption, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptor pathways.Conclusion: Impulse noise can affect the expression of differential proteins through focal adhesion pathways. This data can provide an experimental basis for the research on the prevention and treatment of NIHL.Trial registration: Not applicable.
High-Performance Wearable Strain Sensor Based on MXene@Cotton Fabric with Network Structure
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Libo , Liu Xuqing , Yuan Wenfeng , Yuan Mengmeng , Xia Qixun , Hu Qianku , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Although 2D nanomaterials such as MXene Ti3C2Tx have been used in flexible electronic devices for their unique properties such as high conductivity, excellent mechanical performance, flexibility, and good hydrophilicity, less research has focused on of MXene-based cotton fabric strain sensors. Moreover, fabrication of wearable strain sensors with a low cost, high sensitivity, good biocompatibility, and broad sensing range is still a challenge. In this work, a high-performance wearable strain sensor composed of 2D MXene d-Ti3C2Tx nanomaterials and cotton fabric is reported. As the active material in the sensor, MXene d-Ti3C2Tx exhibited an excellent conductivity and hydrophilicity and adhered well to the fabric fibers by electrostatic adsorption. Due to the unique structure of the fabric substrate and the properties of MXene sheets, the fabricated pressure sensor achieved a high sensitivity. The gauge factor of the MXene@cotton fabric strain sensor reached up to 4.11 within the strain range of 15 %. Meanwhile, the sensor possessed high durability (>500 cycles) and a low strain detection limit of 0.3%. Finally, the encapsulated strain sensor was used to detect subtle or large body movements and exhibited a rapid response. This study shows that the MXene@cotton fabric strain sensor reported here have great potential for use in flexible, comfortable, and wearable devices for health monitoring and motion detection.
Facilitators and Barriers and Self-management in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Widener Wallette G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: An estimated 2.3 million individuals affected worldwide are affected by multiple sclerosis. Due to advancements in treatment and earlier diagnosis, there are higher numbers of people living with MS than ever before. There is evidence linking optimal self-management to better outcomes among patients with chronic illnesses; however, regarding adults with MS specifically, the results are inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-management mediates the relationship between facilitators and barriers (comorbidity, condition severity, pain, fatigue, and cognitive deficits) and quality of life.Methods: To complete this cross-sectional correlational quantitative study, the researcher recruited a sample of 196 U.S. adults diagnosed with MS and administered a survey consisting of the Comorbidity Questionnaire for MS, the Patient-Determined Disease Steps, the Numeric Pain Intensity Scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire, the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale-Revised, the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life, and a demographic questionnaire. The results were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results: The studied facilitators and barrier had statistically significant relationship(s) with thedependent variable of QoL; however, the relationship between fatigue, pain, and QoL was notsupported. A relationship exists between comorbidity, condition severity, and symptomatology and self-management. Finally, there is a significant relationship between self-management and QoL; however, self-management did not mediate the relationship between the comorbidity, condition severity, and symptomatology (pain, fatigue, and cognitive deficits) and QoL.Conclusions: By providing an understanding of the factors that hinder or facilitate MS self-management, the findings can inform the development of interventions and the improvement of health outcomes for adults with MS.
Gastric Ganglioneuroblastoma in an Elder Man: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: jiang xuetong , Wu Jianqiang , Su Feng , Huang Hailong , Ding Yang , Zhu Xinqiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: GNB is a moderate tumor of sympathetic origin, which is considered a disease of children with the majority of cases less than five years old and it rarely occurs in adults. There are no treatment guidelines for adults GNB. Here, we reported a rare case of adult gastric GNB, and was resected completely by laparoscopic approach.Case presentation:A 73-year-old man presented with dull pain in the upper abdomen along with abdominal distension for one month. Gastroscopy examination revealed chronic gastritis and submucosal tumor of gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in gastric antrum arising from the muscularis propria. Combined with the characteristics of gastroscope and ultrasound , the mass was suspected as gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Abdomen CT scan of revealed irregular soft tissue mass in gastric antrum with heterogeneous enhancement in arterial phase, and gastric cancer was suspected.The patient was addressed to the department of gastrointestinal surgery. The mass was completely resected in laparoscopic surgery. Histopathology reported that the mass contained differentiation neuroblasts, mature ganglion cells and ganglioneuromatisis component. Immunohistochemical staining revealed tumor cells were immunoreactive for CD56, Syn, S100 , while negative for CK, CD117, DOG-1, CgA. The pathological diagnosis was GNBi and the patient was staged as stage I. The patient received no adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy.Until his one-year follow-up, the patient was doing well and without any signs of recurrence.Conclusion:Although the rarity of gastric GNB as a primary site of origin, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric masses in adult. Radical surgery is sufficient for the treatment of GNBi and long-term follow-up should be performed.
Use of estradiol benzoate to limit triplets in a low dose FSH model of twinning
Authors: zeng weibin , An Lei , Wang Yanping , Gao Shuai , Qin Yusheng , Gu Xinli , Huang Tao , Hu Guangdong , Tian Jianhui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Estrogen could limit the nondominant follicles development after the first deviation by inhibition of the FSH secretion through the negative feedback loop, which ensure that the number of dominant follicles would be in a moderate level. Methods: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol benzoate (EB) on inhibiting the development of nondominant follicles and inducing twin calves in beef heifers. Beef heifers were synchronized using an estradiol (E2)- plus- progesterone (P4)- based and superovulated using small dose follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) protocol. From days 6.5 to 7.5 every heifer was treated with variety dose of estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 times with 12 h intervals to eliminate the excess number of dominant follicles. Results: The diameters of the two largest follicles (F1 and F2) continually increased from day 3.5 to day 10. However, the growth rate was constrained by exogenous EB, and the degree of suppression was greatest in the 0.5 mg EB treatment compared with other treatments. As a result, the number of large follicles (≥ 10 mm) was also reduced along with the dose of EB increased. The double/triple ovulations rate, pregnancy rate and twin were all demonstrate the highest in 0.2 mg EB treatment group than in other treatments. Conclusions：The present study describes an efficient protocol that can be used to stimulate the development of a small number of dominant follicles i.e. 2-3 at the deviation stage through a FSH and 0.2 mg EB combine treatment, which can further result in the production of two calves. The appropriate dose of EB treatment during FSH induced superovulation procedure could limit the number of dominant follicles development and eventually increase the calf production efficiency.
Key genes and pathways of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovary syndrome&nbsp;identified by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liang Qianqian , Wang Dai-Jun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the factors leading to infertility. The specific pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine key changes in gene expression during the formation of PCOS and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.
Methods

We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the dataset GSE34526 from the bioinformatics array research tool (BART) online analysis tool (bart.salk.edu). Then, through the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) (https://david.ncifcrf.gov/) online analysis software for gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) rich path analysis, STRING (https://string-db.org/) online analysis tool for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Cytoscape software for Mcode module and HUB gene analysis
Results

a total of 91 DEGs, 7 up-regulated and 84 down-regulated, were found. Seven central HUB genes were identified, including integrin alpha-M (ITGAM), cytochrome BMUR 245 beta chain (CYBB), toll like receptor 1 (TLR1), platelet activating factor receptor (PTAFR), CD163 molecule, caspase 1 (CASP1), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP 9).
Conclusion

the DEGs, HUB genes and signaling pathways identified in this study help us understand the molecular mechanism of PCOS formation and provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.
Synthesis of Bimannich Base with Thiazole and Its Corrosion Inhibition Effect on H2S and CO2 at High Temperature
Authors: Li Zhuoke , Cao Jun , Mao Ting , Ni Dan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A bimannich base TZBM containing a thiazole structure was obtained by the mannich base synthesis method. TZBM can maintain a stable structure at 260°C, and has a good corrosion inhibition effect on carbon steel in a gas-liquid environment containing Cl−+H2S + CO2 at 180°C. Through the weight loss test of steel under different concentrations of TZBM, the degree of surface coverage of the adsorbed inhibitor is determined, and it was found that the results obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. And the negative Gibbs free energy indicates that the adsorption is spontaneous.
Is mRNA decapping activity of ApaH like phosphatases (ALPH’s) the reason for the loss of cytoplasmic ALPH’s in all eukaryotes but Kinetoplastida?
Authors: Londono Paula Andrea Castaneda , Banholzer Nicole , Bannerman Bridget P. , Kramer Susanne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: ApaH like phosphatases (ALPHs) originate from the bacterial ApaH protein and are present in eukaryotes of all eukaryotic super-groups; still, only two proteins have been functionally characterised. One is ALPH1 from the Kinetoplastid Trypanosoma brucei that we recently found to be the mRNA decapping enzyme of the parasite . mRNA decapping by ALPHs is unprecedented in eukaryotes, which usually use nudix hydrolases, but the bacterial ancestor protein ApaH was recently found to decap non-conventional caps of bacterial mRNAs. These findings prompted us to explore whether mRNA decapping by ALPHs is restricted to Kinetoplastida or more widespread among eukaryotes. Results: We screened 824 eukaryotic proteomes with a newly developed Python-based algorithm for the presence of ALPHs and used the data to refine phylogenetic distribution, conserved features, additional domains and predicted intracellular localisation of ALPHs. We found that most eukaryotes have either no ALPH (500/824) or very short ALPHs, consisting almost exclusively of the catalytic domain. These ALPHs had mostly predicted non-cytoplasmic localisations, often supported by the presence of transmembrane helices and signal peptides and in two cases (one in this study) by experimental data. The only exceptions were ALPH1 homologues from Kinetoplastida, that all have unique C-terminal and mostly unique N-terminal extension, and at least the T. brucei enzyme localises to the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, despite of these non-cytoplasmic localisations, ALPHs from all eukaryotic super-groups had in vitro mRNA decapping activity. Conclusions: ALPH was present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes, but most eukaryotes have either lost the enzyme since, or use it exclusively outside the cytoplasm in organelles in a version consisting of the catalytic domain only. While our data provide no evidence for the presence of further mRNA decapping enzymes among eukaryotic ALPHs, the broad substrate range of ALPHs that includes mRNA caps provides an explanation for the selection against the presence of a cytoplasmic ALPH protein as a mean to protect mRNAs from unregulated degradation. Kinetoplastida succeeded to exploit ALPH as their mRNA decapping enzyme, likely using the Kinetoplastida-unique N- and C-terminal extensions for regulation.
The Everlasting Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico
Authors: Domínguez-Varela Irving Armando 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Mexico, like other Latin American countries, they have been among the most affected worldwide. And not only COVID-19 attacked us, but also political problems, crime, the high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases, the lack of job opportunities for families with low income and the lack of seriousness on part of a federal government facing a global problem. COVID-19 cases and deaths continue rising, better strategies, unity, leadership and a little of patience is needed to get ahead this never-ending crisis.
Comparison of Machine Learning algorithm for COVID-19 Death Risk Prediction
Authors: Anandhanathan Praveeen , Gopalan Priyanka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is spreading across the world. Since at first it has appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, it has become a serious issue across the globe. There are no accurate resources to predict and find the disease. So, by knowing the past patients’ records, it could guide the clinicians to fight against the pandemic. Therefore, for the prediction of healthiness from symptoms Machine learning techniques can be implemented. From this we are going to analyse only the symptoms which occurs in every patient. These predictions can help clinicians in the easier manner to cure the patients. Already for prediction of many of the diseases, techniques like SVM (Support vector Machine), Fuzzy k-Means Clustering, Decision Tree algorithm, Random Forest Method, ANN (Artificial Neural Network), KNN (k-Nearest Neighbour), Naïve Bayes, Linear Regression model are used. As we haven’t faced this disease before, we can’t say which technique will give the maximum accuracy. So, we are going to provide an efficient result by comparing all the such algorithms in RStudio.
A Physician Assistant Entry-Level Doctoral Degree: More Harm Than Good?
Authors: Kulo Violet , Fleming Shani , Gordes Karen , Jun Hyun-Jin , Cawley James , Kayingo Gerald 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: As most health professions in the United States have adopted clinical or practice doctorates, there has been an ongoing debate on whether physician assistants (PAs) should transition from a master’s to a doctorate as the terminal degree. The authors examined perceived risks, benefits and impact of transitioning to an entry-level PA doctoral degree. Methods: A multi-prong, mixed-methods approach was used that included a literature review and collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Bivariate analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate relationships between perceptions/perspectives on an entry-level PA doctoral degree and the anticipated impact of it causing more harm than good to the PA profession. For the semi-structured interviews (38 interprofessional stakeholders), deductive content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: Six hundred and thirty six PA clinicians and PA students (46%) completed the survey. Most respondents (n = 457, 72%) disagreed that an entry-level PA doctoral degree should be required. More than half of the respondents (n = 341, 54%) agreed that it should be offered but not required and 380 respondents (60%) agreed that an entry-level doctoral degree would cause more harm than good. Race, educational attainment, occupation, and length of practice as a PA were significantly associated with having a perception of causing more harm. There was strong positive association between the perception of a doctoral degree causing more harm with expectations of having a negative impact on the availability of clinical training sites (OR = 4.39, p <.05). Based on the analysis of qualitative data, the most commonly cited perceived risks were increased cost for education, decreased diversity in the profession, and negative impact on the PA/physician relationship. Conclusions: The perceived benefits and risks of an entry-level PA doctoral degree are strongly influenced by the lens of the stakeholder. While the majority of PAs and students appear to be not in favor, the proportion of those in favor is not insignificant and their views should not be ignored in future discussions. Addressing concerns with key stakeholders could help the PA profession to transition to a doctoral degree with minimal adverse impact.
Sleep problems are related to Commuting Accidents rather than to Workplace Accidents
Authors: Vargas-Garrido Hector , Moyano-Díaz Emilio , Andrades Katherinne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to verify the relationships between sleep problems and both commuting and workplace accidents in workers of both sexes.Methods: The study was carried out with a sample of workers (n = 2,993; 50.2% female) from the Chilean Quality of Life Survey (ENCAVI) 2015-2016, while the rates of both workplace and commuting accidents were extracted from the statistics of the Superintendence of Social Security (SUSESO 2015; 180,036 and 52,629 lost-time accidents, respectively).Results: Chilean workers sleep less than the rest of the people in the country (MW = 7.14 vs. MO = 7.33; t (6789) = -5.19; p < .001), while the Chilean people as a whole sleep less compared to those of other countries (7.24 hours per day). Likewise, it was found that sleep problems are more strongly related to commuting than to workplace accidents. In this vein, sleep quantity can explain 24% of the variance in commuting accidents’ rates (Stepwise Method; R2 = .30, F (1.14) = 5.49, p < .05; β = -.55, p < .05), by using aggregated data with all types of commuting roles (driver of a vehicle, a passenger of public or private transport, or as a pedestrian). Conclusions: Our findings show that sleep quantity has a more robust relationship with commuting than workplace accidents, a neglected issue so far. Future prevention programs should emphasize sleep hygiene and focus on commuting to and from work.