bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Artificial Floods on the Quantity and Grain Size of River‐Borne Sediment: A Case Study of a Dam Regulation Scheme in the Yellow River Catchment
Authors: Wu Xiao , Wang Houjie , Bi Naishuang , Xu Jingping , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Yang Zuosheng , Lu Taian , Li Peihua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe quantity and grain size of river‐borne sediment are critical to geomorphological evolution and ecosystem health of river deltas. Compared to quantitative aspects of fluvial systems, however, studies describing the physical properties of river sediment are still quite limited. This work examines how an unprecedented engineering effort (the Water‐Sediment Regulation Scheme, WSRS) within the lower Yellow River system has caused important changes in the volume and grain size patterns of transported sediment. After the implementation of the WSRS, artificial floods dominated the delivery of water and sediment to the delta region—the natural (seasonal) rhythm of the hydrological cycle has been replaced by impulsive delivery. Compared to natural floods, the duration of the artificial flood due to WSRS is substantially shortened, and timing has changed to early summer (June to July), which is two to three months ahead of the usual flood season. Now, as a result of WSRS, there are high sediment loads over a shorter than usual time frame. The Yellow River's sediment load rebounded and coarsened, because artificial floods have strongly scoured the river channel. These changes turned the Yellow River delta from a recession phase to one of progradation, and caused impulsive delivery and rapidly buried of terrestrial organic carbon and pollutants. For other rivers worldwide, the lower Yellow River system provides an illustrative example of how transporting coarse‐grained sediment, otherwise deposited on river bed, may be used to mitigate coastal land loss on intra‐decadal time scales, however with the potential for adverse ecological impacts.
Binding moral values gain importance in the presence of close others
Authors: Yudkin Daniel A. , Gantman Ana P. , Hofmann Wilhelm , Quoidbach Jordi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA key function of morality is to regulate social behavior. Research suggests moral values may be divided into two types: binding values, which govern behavior in groups, and individualizing values, which promote personal rights and freedoms. Because people tend to mentally activate concepts in situations in which they may prove useful, the importance they afford moral values may vary according to whom they are with in the moment. In particular, because binding values help regulate communal behavior, people may afford these values more importance when in the presence of close (versus distant) others. Five studies test and support this hypothesis. First, we use a custom smartphone application to repeatedly record participants’ (n = 1166) current social context and the importance they afforded moral values. Results show people rate moral values as more important when in the presence of close others, and this effect is stronger for binding than individualizing values—an effect that replicates in a large preregistered online sample (n = 2016). A lab study (n = 390) and two preregistered online experiments (n = 580 and n = 752) provide convergent evidence that people afford binding, but not individualizing, values more importance when in the real or imagined presence of close others. Our results suggest people selectively activate different moral values according to the demands of the situation, and show how the mere presence of others can affect moral thinking.
Tumor-associated autoantibodies from mouse breast cancer models are found in serum of breast cancer patients
Authors: Stanton Sasha E. , Gad Ekram , Ramos Erik , Corulli Lauren , Annis James , Childs Jennifer , Katayama Hiroyuki , Hanash Samir , Marks Jeffrey , Disis Mary L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractB cell responses to tumor antigens occur early in breast tumors and may identify immunogenic drivers of tumorigenesis. Sixty-two candidate antigens were identified prior to palpable tumor development in TgMMTV-neu and C3(1)Tag transgenic mouse mammary tumor models. Five antigens (VPS35, ARPC2, SERBP1, KRT8, and PDIA6) were selected because their decreased expression decreased survival in human HER2 positive and triple negative cell lines in a siRNA screen. Vaccination with antigen-specific epitopes, conserved between mouse and human, inhibited tumor growth in both transgenic mouse models. Increased IgG autoantibodies to the antigens were elevated in serum from women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer (IBC). The autoantibodies differentiated women with DCIS from control with AUC 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.98, p < 0.0001). The tumor antigens identified early in the development of breast cancer in mouse mammary tumor models were conserved in human disease, and potentially identify early diagnostic markers in human breast tumors.
Randomized trial of weight loss on circulating ghrelin levels among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Puklin Leah , Cartmel Brenda , Harrigan Maura , Lu Lingeng , Li Fang-yong , Sanft Tara , Irwin Melinda L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObesity among breast cancer survivors is associated with increased risk for recurrence and mortality. The hormone ghrelin plays a role in initiating appetite and thus regulating body weight. This study aims to determine the effect of a lifestyle intervention on ghrelin levels in breast cancer survivors with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition (LEAN) study was a 6-month randomized trial, examining the effectiveness of a weight loss intervention versus usual care in 151 breast cancer survivors with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Ghrelin was measured in fasting baseline and 6-month blood samples. Baseline associations between ghrelin, body composition, and blood biomarkers were examined. Six-month change in ghrelin was compared between study arms. Ghrelin measurements were available for 149 women. At baseline, ghrelin was correlated with age (r = 0.28, p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with weight (r = −0.18, p = 0.03), lean body mass (r = −0.18, p = 0.02), and leptin (r = −0.18, p = 0.03). Over 6 months, ghrelin increased by 144 pg/mL (7.2%) in the intervention and decreased by 466 pg/mL (32.5%) in the usual care (p = 0.07). Among all women, greater weight loss was associated with an increase in ghrelin (p = 0.01). These findings indicate that weight loss, achieved through a lifestyle intervention, is associated with higher ghrelin levels in breast cancer survivors which may be informative for developing sustainable weight loss programming for this population. Future research should investigate the long term impacts of lifestyle interventions on ghrelin levels in the context of weight maintenance and weight regain.
Field studies on breeding sites of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in agriculturally used and natural habitats
Authors: Kameke Daniela , Kampen Helge , Wacker Alexander , Werner Doreen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCulicoides are vectors of pathogens mainly of veterinary importance. To establish targeted vector control measures, it is paramount to comprehend the ecological factors determining their distribution. Therefore, we used emergence traps to sample eight biotopes and assess their potential as breeding sites. Part one of the study investigates agricultural habitats, part two compares four biotopes of a forest-dominated area with less anthropogenic influence, including a physicochemical analysis of soil moisture, pH value and organic content. Thirteen culicoid species were collected, with a strong dominance of the Obsoletus Complex on meadows, and with Culicoides punctatus (Meigen), Culicoides pictipennis (Staeger) and the Obsoletus Complex, to be the most abundant species in the natural habitats. Several co-existing species were found, some of them not having been described before. Our results suggest that ungrazed meadows seem unsuitable as breeding sites. Only the influence of livestock creates adequate conditions for certain midge species. The alder on fen site contained most culicoid species with the highest species diversity. Our study clearly indicates that knowledge of species-specific preferences for environmental habitat conditions (choice of breeding site) in connection to soil conditions is crucial to understand the biology and phenology of midges and their role as vectors of pathogens.
Intra-host evolutionary dynamics of the hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs
Authors: Montoya Vincent , Howe Anita Y. M. , Dong Weiyan Y. , Dong Winnie , Brumme Chanson J. , Olmstead Andrea D. , Hayashi Kanna , Richard Harrigan P. , Joy Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMost individuals chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are asymptomatic during the initial stages of infection and therefore the precise timing of infection is often unknown. Retrospective estimation of infection duration would improve existing surveillance data and help guide treatment. While intra-host viral diversity quantifications such as Shannon entropy have previously been utilized for estimating duration of infection, these studies characterize the viral population from only a relatively short segment of the HCV genome. In this study intra-host diversities were examined across the HCV genome in order to identify the region most reflective of time and the degree to which these estimates are influenced by high-risk activities including those associated with HCV acquisition. Shannon diversities were calculated for all regions of HCV from 78 longitudinally sampled individuals with known seroconversion timeframes. While the region of the HCV genome most accurately reflecting time resided within the NS3 gene, the gene region with the highest capacity to differentiate acute from chronic infections was identified within the NS5b region. Multivariate models predicting duration of infection from viral diversity significantly improved upon incorporation of variables associated with recent public, unsupervised drug use. These results could assist the development of strategic population treatment guidelines for high-risk individuals infected with HCV and offer insights into variables associated with a likelihood of transmission.
Use of the heads-up NGENUITY 3D Visualization System for vitreoretinal surgery: a retrospective evaluation of outcomes in a French tertiary center
Authors: Kantor Pierre , Matonti Frédéric , Varenne Fanny , Sentis Vanessa , Pagot-Mathis Véronique , Fournié Pierre , Soler Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHeads-up three-dimensional (3D) surgical visualization systems allow ophthalmic surgeons to replace surgical microscope eyepieces with high-resolution stereoscopic cameras transmitting an image to a screen. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of the heads-up NGENUITY 3D Visualization System in a retrospective evaluation of 241 consecutive vitreoretinal surgeries performed by the same surgeon using conventional microscopy (CM group) over a 1-year period versus the NGENUITY System (3D group) over a consecutive 1-year period. We included for study vitreoretinal surgeries for treatment of retinal detachment (RD) (98 surgeries), macular hole (MH) (48 surgeries), or epiretinal membrane (ERM) (95 surgeries). A total of 138 and 103 eyes were divided into 3D and CM groups, respectively. We found no differences in 3-month postoperative rates of recurrence of RD (10% versus 18%, p = 0.42), MH closure (82% versus 88%, p = 0.69), or decrease in central macular thickness of ERMs (134 ± 188 µm versus 115 ± 105 µm, p = 0.57) between the 3D and CM groups, respectively. Surgery durations and visual prognosis were also similar between both groups. We consolidate that the NGENUITY System is comparable in terms of visual and anatomical outcomes, giving it perspectives for integration into future robotized intervention.
Multi-step screening of neoantigens’ HLA- and TCR-interfaces improves prediction of survival
Authors: Richard Guilhem , De Groot Anne S. , Steinberg Gary D. , Garcia Tzintzuni I. , Kacew Alec , Ardito Matthew , Martin William D. , Berdugo Gad , Princiotta Michael F. , Balar Arjun V. , Sweis Randy F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImprovement of risk stratification through prognostic biomarkers may enhance the personalization of cancer patient monitoring and treatment. We used Ancer, an immunoinformatic CD8, CD4, and regulatory T cell neoepitope screening system, to perform an advanced neoantigen analysis of genomic data derived from the urothelial cancer cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas. Ancer demonstrated improved prognostic stratification and five-year survival prediction compared to standard analyses using tumor mutational burden or neoepitope identification using NetMHCpan and NetMHCIIpan. The superiority of Ancer, shown in both univariate and multivariate survival analyses, is attributed to the removal of neoepitopes that do not contribute to tumor immunogenicity based on their homology with self-epitopes. This analysis suggests that the presence of a higher number of unique, non-self CD8- and CD4-neoepitopes contributes to cancer survival, and that prospectively defining these neoepitopes using Ancer is a novel prognostic or predictive biomarker.
First comprehensive quantification of annual land use/cover from 1990 to 2020 across mainland Vietnam
Authors: Phan Duong Cao , Trung Ta Hoang , Truong Van Thinh , Sasagawa Taiga , Vu Thuy Phuong Thi , Bui Dieu Tien , Hayashi Masato , Tadono Takeo , Nasahara Kenlo Nishida 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtensive studies have highlighted a need for frequently consistent land cover information for interdisciplinary studies. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for the automatic production of the first Vietnam-wide annual land use/land cover (LULC) data sets (VLUCDs) from 1990 to 2020, using available remotely sensed and inventory data. Classification accuracies ranged from 85.7 ± 1.3 to 92.0 ± 1.2% with the primary dominant LULC and 77.6 ± 1.2% to 84.7 ± 1.1% with the secondary dominant LULC. This confirmed the potential of the proposed framework for systematically long-term monitoring LULC in Vietnam. Results reveal that despite slight recoveries in 2000 and 2010, the net loss of forests (19,940 km2) mainly transformed to croplands over 30 years. Meanwhile, productive croplands were converted to urban areas, which increased approximately ten times. A threefold increase in aquaculture was a major driver of the wetland loss (1914 km2). The spatial–temporal changes varied, but the most dynamic regions were the western north, the southern centre, and the south. These findings can provide evidence-based information on formulating and implementing coherent land management policies. The explicitly spatio-temporal VLUCDs can be benchmarks for global LULC validation, and utilized for a variety of applications in the research of environmental changes towards the Sustainable Development Goals.
Co-incorporation of manure and inorganic fertilizer improves leaf physiological traits, rice production and soil functionality in a paddy field
Authors: Iqbal Anas , He Liang , Ali Izhar , Ullah Saif , Khan Aziz , Akhtar Kashif , Wei Shangqin , Fahad Shah , Khan Rayyan , Jiang Ligeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe combined use of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CF) is considered to be a good method for sustaining high crop yields and improving soil quality. We performed a field experiment in 2019 at the research station of Guanxi University, to investigate the effects of cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF on soil physical and biochemical properties, rice dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and grain yield. We also evaluated differences in pre-and post-anthesis DM and N accumulation and their contributions to grain yield. The experiment consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6). All CF and organic manure treatments provided a total N of 150 kg ha−1. Results showed that the treatment T6increased leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 11% and 13%, chlorophyll content by 13% and 15%, total biomass by 9% and 11% and grain yield by 11% and 17% in the early and late season, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, the integrated manure and CF treatments improved post-antheis DM accumulation and soil properties, such as bulk density, organic carbon, total N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) relative to the CF-only treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis DM and N accumulation were further supported by enhanced leafPnand activity of N-metabolizing enzyme during the grain-filling period. Improvement inPnand N-metabolizing enzyme activity were due to mainly improved soil quality in the combined manure and synthetic fertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong relationship between grain yield and soil properties, and a stronger relationship was noted with soil MBC and MBN. Conclusively, a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option for improving soil quality and rice yield.
Tunnelling times, Larmor clock, and the elephant in the room
Authors: Sokolovski D. , Akhmatskaya E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA controversy surrounding the “tunnelling time problem” stems from the seeming inability of quantum mechanics to provide, in the usual way, a definition of the duration a particle is supposed to spend in a given region of space. For this reason, the problem is often approached from an “operational” angle. Typically, one tries to mimic, in a quantum case, an experiment which yields the desired result for a classical particle. One such approach is based on the use of a Larmor clock. We show that the difficulty with applying a non-perturbing Larmor clock in order to “time” a classically forbidden transition arises from the quantum Uncertainty Principle. We also demonstrate that for this reason a Larmor time (in fact, any Larmor time) cannot be interpreted as a physical time interval. We provide a theoretical description of the quantities measured by the clock.
Effect of heat input on interfacial characterization of the butter joint of hot-rolling CP-Ti/Q235 bimetallic sheets by Laser + CMT
Authors: Zhu Z. Y. , Liu Y. L. , Gou G. Q. , Gao W , Chen J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComposite structures made of 2 mm-thick titanium and 10 mm-thick carbon steel are widely used in infrastructures such as long-distance gas transportation. However, cracking, which is caused by intermetallic compounds (ICs), is a dominate failure mode in welds of this structure. Thus, a common way to improve the in-service life of is reduce the number of ICs. In this paper, we employ a novel hybrid welding method to fabricate composite structures of TA2 titanium and Q235 carbon steel. Specifically, Ti and carbon steel is welded by laser and double Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding, respectively. The microstructure near the interface of Ti and steel is then examined using SEM, EBSD, EDS, with emphasis on the ICs in terms of chemical elements and morphologies. Results show that FeTi and Fe2Ti are the main ICs near the interface, and responsible for the failure of the welds. The effect of welding heat input on the formation of ICs is investigated as well. Results show that ICs are smaller when the heat input is low. Under low heat input circumstance, the tensile strength of the weld can reach up to 420 MPa.
Experimentally and theoretically approaches for disperse red 60 dye adsorption on novel quaternary nanocomposites
Authors: Soliman N. K. , Moustafa A. F. , El-Mageed H. R. Abd , Abdel-Gawad Omima F. , Elkady Esraa T. , Ahmed Sayed A. , Mohamed Hussein S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA comprehensive study that combined both experimental and computational experiments was performed to evaluate the usage of organo-metal oxide nanocomposite for the elimination of disperse red 60 dye (DR) from aqueous solutions. Chitosan was modified by Schiff base to form nanoneedles chitosan-4-chloroacetophenone derivative. The derivatives were then impregnated with CeO2–CuO–Fe2O3 or CeO2–CuO–Al2O3 metal oxides to prepare a novel quarternary organo-metal oxide nanocomposite. The novel nanocomposite, chitosan-4-chloroacetophenone/CeO2–CuO–Fe2O3 (CF) and chitosan-4-chloroacetophenone/CeO2–CuO–Al2O3 (CA) are cheap and effective nano adsorbents that can be used for the uptake of DR from aqueous solution. The CF and CA nano-composites were characterized using different techniques. Moreover, the effect of adsorption parameters (initial DR concentration, time of contact, pH, temperature, and adsorbent mass) as well as CA and CF reusability tests were performed. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models were best fitted with the adsorption process. The maximum amount of DR adsorbed was 100 mg/g on CF and CA at pH 2 and 4, respectively with a physical spontaneous, and exothermic adsorption process. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies indicated the adsorption of DR molecule on the CF and CA surfaces following a parallel mode in most of all studied configurations, confirming the strong interactions between the DR and surfaces atoms of CF and CA. The molecular structure analysis of DR dye adsorbed on the surface of CF and CA indicated that the adsorption process related to Van der Waals dispersion force. Consequently, this helps to trap DR dye molecules on the surface of CF and CA (i.e., physical adsorption), which supports our experimental results.
Semiparametric model selection for identification of environmental covariates related to adult groundfish catches and weights
Authors: Correia Hannah E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEcologists and fisheries managers are interested in monitoring economically important marine fish species and using this data to inform management strategies. Determining environmental factors that best predict changes in these populations, particularly under rapid climate change, are a priority. I illustrate the application of the least squares-based spline estimation and group LASSO (LSSGLASSO) procedure for selection of coefficient functions in single index varying coefficient models (SIVCMs) on an ecological data set that includes spatiotemporal environmental covariates suspected to play a role in the catches and weights of six groundfish species. Temporal trends in variable selection were apparent, though the selection of variables was largely unrelated to common North Pacific climate indices. These results indicate that the strength of an environmental variable’s effect on a groundfish population may change over time, and not necessarily in-step with known low-frequency patterns of ocean-climate variability commonly attributable to large-scale regime shifts in the North Pacific. My application of the LSSGLASSO procedure for SIVCMs to deep water species using environmental data from various sources illustrates how variable selection with a flexible model structure can produce informative inference for remote and hard-to-reach animal populations.