bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provably secure signature‐based anonymous user authentication protocol in an Internet of Things‐enabled intelligent precision agricultural environment
Authors: Vangala Anusha , Das Ashok Kumar , Lee Jong‐Hyouk 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUser authentication is a promising security solution in which an external user having his/her mobile device can securely access the real‐time information directly from the deployed smart devices in an Internet of Things‐enabled intelligent precision agricultural environment. To achieve this goal, we present a new signature‐based three factor user authentication scheme. The established session key between a user and the accessed smart device is then used to make secure communication among them to fetch the real‐time data of the device. A detailed security analysis including the random‐oracle based formal security, formal security verification using the broadly recognized automated validation of internet security protocols and applications tool and nonmathematical informal security analysis show the robustness of the proposed scheme against a number of potential attacks. In addition, testbed experiments are performed for measuring computational time of various cryptographic primitives that are used for comparative study among the proposed scheme and other related existing competing schemes. The detailed comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme has a better trade‐off among its offered security and functionality features, and communication and computational overheads as compared with those for other competing schemes.
Photocatalytic Deacon Reaction over SrTiO3
Authors: Rath Tobias , Deitermann Michel , Zhao Guixia , Wilma Busser G. , Jansen Henning , Schwiderowski Philipp , Xia Wei , Muhler Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSrTiO3 was prepared by a polymeric precursor method and applied in the photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of HCl in a flat‐plate reactor equipped with a UV LED array (368 nm). Reaction rates up to 240 mmol h−1 m−2 and apparent quantum yields up to 33 % using an illuminated area of 60 cm−2 were achieved with highly crystalline SrTiO3 calcined at 750 °C, outperforming commercially available SrTiO3 by a factor of almost 2. A gradual catalyst deactivation was observed, which was due to the formation of crystalline SrCl2×2 H2O on the surface confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the HCl partial pressure accelerated both Cl2 formation and catalyst deactivation. XP spectra revealed an intrinsic surface segregation of Sr and the presence of several Sr‐ or O‐containing surface species. High Cl2 yields up to 42 % obtained with an illuminated area of 120 cm−2 encourage further research on a photocatalytic Deacon process for improved HCl recycling.
Isolating and Analyzing Protein Containing Granules from Cells
Authors: Victor Rachel A. , Thompson Valery F. , Schwartz Jacob C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent advancements in detection methods have made protein condensates, also called granules, a major area of study, but tools to characterize these assemblies need continued development to keep up with evolving paradigms. We have optimized a protocol to separate condensates from cells using chemical cross‐linking followed by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). After SEC fractionation, the samples can be characterized by a variety of approaches including enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and mass spectrometry. The protocol described here has been optimized for cultured mammalian cells and E. coli expressing recombinant proteins. Since the lysates are fractionated by size, this protocol can be modified to study other large protein assemblies, including the nuclear pore complex, and for other tissues or organisms. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 20 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol 1: SEC separation of cross‐linked mammalian cell lysatesAlternate Protocol: Preparation of non‐crosslinked mammalian cellsBasic Protocol 2: SEC separation of E. coli lysateSupport Protocol 1: Detecting protein of interest by ELISASupport Protocol 2: TCA precipitation of SEC fractions
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk
Authors: Goldenberg Shifra Z. , Cryan Paul M. , Gorresen Paulo Marcos , Fingersh Lee Jay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America are predominantly comprised of migratory, tree‐dependent species, but it is unclear why these bats are at higher risk. Factors influencing bat susceptibility to wind turbines might be revealed by temporal patterns in their behaviors around these dynamic landscape structures. In northern temperate zones, fatalities occur mostly from July through October, but whether this reflects seasonally variable behaviors, passage of migrants, or some combination of factors remains unknown. In this study, we examined video imagery spanning one year in the state of Colorado in the United States, to characterize patterns of seasonal and nightly variability in bat behavior at a wind turbine. We detected bats on 177 of 306 nights representing approximately 3,800 hr of video and > 2,000 discrete bat events. We observed bats approaching the turbine throughout the night across all months during which bats were observed. Two distinct seasonal peaks of bat activity occurred in July and September, representing 30% and 42% increases in discrete bat events from the preceding months June and August, respectively. Bats exhibited behaviors around the turbine that increased in both diversity and duration in July and September. The peaks in bat events were reflected in chasing and turbine approach behaviors. Many of the bat events involved multiple approaches to the turbine, including when bats were displaced through the air by moving blades. The seasonal and nightly patterns we observed were consistent with the possibility that wind turbines invoke investigative behaviors in bats in late summer and autumn coincident with migration and that bats may return and fly close to wind turbines even after experiencing potentially disruptive stimuli like moving blades. Our results point to the need for a deeper understanding of the seasonality, drivers, and characteristics of bat movement across spatial scales.
The Vanishing Square: Civic Learning in the Internet Age
Authors: Jasanoff Sheila 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNation states in the twenty‐first century confront new challenges to their political legitimacy. Borders are more porous and less secure. Infectious disease epidemics, climate change, financial fraud, terrorism, and cybersecurity all involve cross‐border flows of material, human bodies, and information that threaten to overwhelm state power and expert knowledge. Concurrently, doubts have multiplied about whether citizens, subject to manipulation through the internet, have lost the critical capacity to hold rulers accountable for their expert decisions. I argue that the primary threat to democracy is not the public's epistemic incompetence but a slow dissolution of the deliberative practices that are essential for self‐rule. We need a radical reimagining of the sites, forms, and performances of democratic deliberation. For this purpose, the American state needs to reconstitute a public square open to citizens who are deemed to be epistemically competent and capable of informed judgment.
Can Our Schools Help Us Preserve Democracy? Special Challenges at a Time of Shifting Norms
Authors: Levinson Meira , Solomon Mildred Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCivic education that prepares students for principled civic participation is vital to democracy. Schools face significant challenges, however, as they attempt to educate for democracy in a democracy in crisis. Parents, educators, and policy‐makers disagree about what America's civic future should look like, and hence about what schools should teach. Likewise, hyperpartisanship, mutual mistrust, and the breakdown of democratic norms are perverting the kinds of civic relationships and values that schools want to model and achieve. Nonetheless, there is strong evidence that young people want to be civically engaged and are hungry for more and better civic learning opportunities. Reviving the civic mission of schools is thus a win‐win‐win. Adults want it, youth want it, and democracy needs it. We propose three means by which educators and the public can reconstruct our common purpose and achieve civic innovation to help democracy in crisis: support action civics, strengthen youth leadership outside the classroom, and engage both students and adults with “hard history” and contemporary controversies.
Residential Segregation and Publicly Spirited Democracy
Authors: Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSuccessful deliberations over contentious issues require a publicly spirited citizenry that will encourage elected officials to promote what James Madison called the “permanent and aggregate interests” of the country. Unfortunately, atomizing forces have pulled American society apart, undermining trust and making collective action difficult. Residential segregation is one of those atomizing forces. Residential segregation undermines a commitment to civic virtue because it encourages people to think about fellow citizens as “others” with whom they have little in common. To address this situation, we must start by fixing our neighborhoods and creating local institutions that enhance trust and foster a public‐spirited democratic citizenry. For example, our existing educational policies reinforce the disparities associated with residential segregation and have created massive resource inequalities among school districts across the country. A useful first step would be to equalize school district funding to promote a more genuine equality of opportunity.
Redoing the Demos
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: March 2021

AbstractForces including extreme economic inequality, cultural polarization, and the monetizing and privatizing of persons as commodities are undermining the forms of moral recognition and mutuality upon which democratic practices and institutions depend. These underlying factors, together with more direct modes of political corruption, manipulation, and authoritarian nationalism, are undoing Western democracies. This essay identifies and explores some vital underpinnings of democratic citizenship and civic learning that remain open to revitalization and repair. Building care structures and practices from the ground up and developing inclusive and egalitarian modes of solidarity in a pluralistic society are the focus of discussion. The essay argues that solidarity and care are essential relationships and practices of moral recognition upon which democratic political agency and freedom rest. The social‐relational lifeworld and the democratic lifeworld are interdependent. Democratic citizenship is itself a relational practice that supports other practices. Democratic governance properly carried out fosters an underlying social solidarity and care and in turn draws moral and political legitimacy upward from them.
Diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia in Adults Presenting With Metatarsal Stress Fracture: Proof‐of‐Concept for a Case‐Finding Strategy
Authors: Koehler Kenna , Atway Said , Pipes James , Ing Steven 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHypophosphatasia (HPP) is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in ALPL resulting in decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Metatarsal stress fracture (MSF) is a common clinical feature of hypophosphatasia in adults. In this study, the primary objectives were to determine whether new cases of ALPL variants could be identified in patients with MSF and who also had serum ALP concentration below the reference range and to phenotype their clinical course. Electronic health records were queried for adult patients with MSF using International Classification of Disease codes (ICD‐9, ICD‐10CM) and ALP measurements. Patients with ALP levels below the normal limit were invited to receive mutational analysis of ALPL and to complete the following surveys: the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF36v2), the Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form (BPI), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ‐DI). Cases with and controls without ALPL pathogenic variants were compared by survey scores and clinical variables relevant to fracture. In 1611 patients with MSF presenting to a podiatry clinic (10/1/2011–10/1/2017), 937 had ALP measurement, of whom 13 (1.4%) had ALP levels below the lower normal limit. In eight patients consenting to participate, two had heterozygous pathogenic ALPL variants. ALPL variants were found in 2 of 1611 patients (0.12%) with MSF, 2 patients of 937 (0.21%) in those with MSF and any ALP measurement, and 2 of 13 patients (15%) in MSF and decreased ALP level. Cases versus controls rated lower scores on eight of eight SF36v2 scales (range, 0–100); higher scores for worst pain (8.0 vs. 0.8) and average pain (6.0 vs. 0.7) on the BPI (range, 0–10); and higher standard disability score (1.4 vs. 0) on the HAQ‐DI (range, 0–3). These data provide proof‐of‐concept for HPP case identification in patients presenting to a podiatry clinic with MSF, suggesting a search for historically low ALP levels may be a useful step for consideration of HPP diagnosis, and supports a prospective study to determine an optimal case‐finding strategy. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of fatty acids induce lipid droplet accumulation and impair functional performance of tissue engineered skeletal muscle
Authors: Turner Mark C. , Rimington Rowan P. , Martin Neil R.W. , Fleming Jacob W. , Capel Andrew J. , Hodson Leanne , Lewis Mark P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFatty acids (FA) exert physiological and pathophysiological effects leading to changes in skeletal muscle metabolism and function, however, in vitro models to investigate these changes are limited. These experiments sought to establish the effects of physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of exogenous FA upon the function of tissue engineered skeletal muscle (TESkM). Cultured initially for 14 days, C2C12 TESkM was exposed to FA‐free bovine serum albumin alone or conjugated to a FA mixture (oleic, palmitic, linoleic, and α‐linoleic acids [OPLA] [ratio 45:30:24:1%]) at different concentrations (200 or 800 µM) for an additional 4 days. Subsequently, TESkM morphology, functional capacity, gene expression and insulin signaling were analyzed. There was a dose response increase in the number and size of lipid droplets within the TESkM (p < .05). Exposure to exogenous FA increased the messenger RNA expression of genes involved in lipid storage (perilipin 2 [p < .05]) and metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 [p < .01]) in a dose dependent manner. TESkM force production was reduced (tetanic and single twitch) (p < .05) and increases in transcription of type I slow twitch fiber isoform, myosin heavy chain 7, were observed when cultured with 200 µM OPLA compared to control (p < .01). Four days of OPLA exposure results in lipid accumulation in TESkM which in turn results in changes in muscle function and metabolism; thus, providing insight ito the functional and mechanistic changes of TESkM in response to exogenous FA.
Current strategies of virotherapy in clinical trials for cancer treatment
Authors: Lin Weijian , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhong Liping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs a novel immune‐active agent for cancer treatment, viruses have the ability of infecting and replicating in tumor cells. The safety and efficacy of viruses has been tested and confirmed in preclinical and clinical trials. In the last decade, virotherapy has been adopted as a monotherapy or combined therapy with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, showing promising outcomes against cancer. In this review, the current strategies of viruses used in clinical trials are classified and described. Besides this, the challenge and future prospects of virotherapy in the management for cancer patients are discussed in this review.
Late Pleistocene biota from Pubenza, Colombia; turtles, mammals, birds, invertebrates and plant remains
Authors: Alfonso‐Rojas AndrÉs , Herrera‐Gutierrez Laura M. , SuÁRez Catalina , Ciancio MartÍN R. , Pelegrin Jonathan S. , Cadena Edwin‐Alberto 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPubenza is a remarkable palaeontological site of Colombia, and a place that could hold some of the potentially oldest evidence of humans in northern South America. Previous palaeontological research at this site has mainly focused on the megafauna. Here we describe and establish the systematic palaeontology for the small fauna that inhabited this ancient lacustrine ecosystem, including the first report of birds, tortoises and vipers for the Late Pleistocene in Colombia. Furthermore, exceptionally well preserved fossilised wasp nests are morphologically and elementally characterised, which is the first report of an ichnofossil of this kind in northern South America. In addition, new material of kinosternid turtles, armadillos and rodents is also described. Our results reveal that the Bogotá River Basin, where Pubenza is located, was a rich ecosystem during the Late Pleistocene and a region of great interest for future articulated palaeontological and archaeological studies.
Temperature Comparative Studies onSelf‐Assemblyof Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate and Didodecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide in Aqueous, Brine, and Trifluoroethanol Media
Authors: Dey Apensu , Banik Rajesh , Ghosh Soumen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn approach based on experimental and theoretical methods was used to compare the self‐assembly [i.e., determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC), degree of ionization (α) and counterion binding (β)] of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) in deionized water and 10 mM NaCl and 10 (vol) % trifluoroethanol solutions. Experimental methods consisted of electrical conductometry, tensiometry, fluorimetry, and determination of Krafft temperature. A critical analysis of the thermodynamics of self‐assembly by the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation and the van't‐Hoff rationale provided values of several parameters, such as the change of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change of micellization (and, respectively) and the Gibbs free energy of surfactant tail groups (∆G0trans). Interfacial properties, aggregation number (Nagg), micropolarity (I1/I3), microviscosity (η), packing parameter (P), dielectric constant (D), anisotropy (r), and Stern–Volmer binding constant (KSV) for SDS and DDAB in different temperatures and different systems were determined.
Effect of different reinforcement methods on anastomotic leakage prevention after laparoscopic double anastomosis
Authors: Jiang Tian‐Yu , Zang Lu , Dong Feng , Feng Bo , Zong Ya‐Ping , Sun Jing , Liu Hai‐Shan , Zheng Min‐Hua , Ma Jun‐Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of different suture reinforcement methods for anastomotic leakage and other postoperative complications after the use of a laparoscopic double stapling technique (DST).MethodsWe collected the data of 124 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer from July 2017 to September 2018 at our institution. Patients were divided into three groups according to the suture reinforcement methods: intermittent, continuous suture reinforcement, and non‐reinforcement (n = 41, 41, and 42, respectively). One‐way analysis of variance, χ2, Fisher's exact, and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAmong the 124 patients, there were no statistically significant differences in operation times, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stays and recovery of bowel movement. Nine patients were diagnosed with anastomotic leakage (AL). The incidences of serious AL in the intermittent and continuous suture reinforcement groups were lower than that in the control group, with lower reoperation rate, shorter average lengths of stay and lower treatment costs of two experimental groups.ConclusionIntermittent and continuous sutures after laparoscopic DST is effective, safe, and feasible on anastomotic leakage prevention. These procedures could be popularized in rectal surgery on patients with high risk of AL.
Multiaxial validation of a finite element model of the intervertebral disc with multigenerational fibers to establish residual strain
Authors: Newman Harrah R. , DeLucca John F. , Peloquin John M. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFinite element models of the intervertebral disc are used to address research questions that cannot be tested through typical experimentation. A disc model requires complex geometry and tissue properties to be accurately defined to mimic the physiological disc. The physiological disc possesses residual strain in the annulus fibrosus (AF) due to osmotic swelling and due to inherently pre‐strained fibers. We developed a disc model with residual contributions due to swelling‐only, and a multigeneration model with residual contributions due to both swelling and AF fiber pre‐strain and validated it against organ‐scale uniaxial, quasi‐static and multiaxial, dynamic mechanical tests. In addition, we demonstrated the models' ability to mimic the opening angle observed following radial incision of bovine discs. Both models were validated against organ‐scale experimental data. While the swelling only model responses were within the experimental 95% confidence interval, the multigeneration model offered outcomes closer to the experimental mean and had a bovine model opening angle within one SD of the experimental mean. The better outcomes for the multigeneration model, which allowed for the inclusion of inherently pre‐strained fibers in AF, is likely due to its uniform fiber contribution throughout the AF. We conclude that the residual contribution of pre‐strained fibers in the AF should be included to best simulate the physiological disc and its behaviors.
The conductor‐like polarizable continuum model study of indenyl effect on the ligand substitution reaction in the (η5‐C9H7)Co(CO)2 complex
Authors: Kamrava Sahar , Ghiasi Reza , Marjani Azam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the present article, utilizing the mPW1PW91 functional, quantum chemical computations were applied to find the impact of indenyl on the ligand substitution reaction in the (η5‐C9H7)Co(CO)2 complex. The solvent impacts were surveyed utilizing the self‐consistent reaction field theory based on the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model. Six aprotic and protic solvents were selected. Co–C and Co–P bond distances changes in the reactant and product complexes were illustrated. The thermodynamic parameters of carbonyl ligand substitution reactions in the (η5‐C5H5)Co(CO)2 and (η5‐C9H7)Co(CO)2 complexes were calculated in the gas and solution phases. Also, rate constant values of these reactions were calculated within 300−1200 K utilizing transition state theory based on the statistical thermodynamics in the gas phase. The computed relative rate constant values (kr) indicated good compatibility with the experimental value in a similar reaction.