bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellbeing and anxiety among students during COVID-19 crisis: results from an initial survey in Israel
Authors: Bashkin O , Faingersch E , Abramov L , Shapovalov N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 crisis that has burdened the world for the past year posed a life threat and caused psychological implications for public well-being. Well-being is an essential element of mental health that affects learning and productivity. Students are vulnerable to suffering from low well-being and developing mental problems caused by various stressors such as the ongoing COVID-19 health crisis. In addition, the spread of the epidemic, quarantine requirements, and the delayed academic year have had significant psychological impacts on students. The purpose of the study was to evaluate anxiety and well-being among college students at the end of the first year of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods
On January 2021, during the third lockdown in Israel, 366 college students responded to an online survey that included demographics, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and a 14-item Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) measuring emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

Results
Findings revealed low self-rated well-being compared to the general population. The mean anxiety level was 8.89. 39% showed moderate to severe anxiety. Negative correlations were found between anxiety and well-being. Women expressed low levels of well-being and higher anxiety compared to men. A regression model showed that students living with parents diagnosed with Covid-19 and having low emotional well-being are at risk of suffering from anxiety (R2=0.32, F = 53, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The mental health of college students is significantly affected by the pandemic, therefore should be monitored and requires attention:
Further investigation of factors influencing mental health and well-being of students. Detecting students with a higher risk of developing mental health problems and providing timely psychological support. Develop initiatives to raise awareness among students and interventions to prevent negative implications of the COVID-19 crisis on mental health.

Key messages
Students report low well-being and show high risk of developing anxiety disorder during COVID-19 crisis. It is crucial to detect students with a higher risk of developing mental health problems and provide timely psychological support.
Contribution of Postjunctional M2 Muscarinic Receptors to Cholinergic Nerve-Mediated Contractions of Murine Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: Alkawadri Tuleen , McGarvey Lorcan P , Mullins N D , Hollywood Mark A , Thornbury Keith D , Sergeant Gerard P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Postjunctional M2Rs on airway smooth muscle (ASM) outnumber M3Rs by a ratio of 4:1 in most species, however, it is the M3Rs that are thought to mediate the bronchoconstrictor effects of acetylcholine. In this study, we describe a novel and profound M2R-mediated hypersensitization of M3R-dependent contractions of ASM at low stimulus frequencies.. Contractions induced by 2Hz EFS were augmented by &gt; 2.5-fold when the stimulus interval was reduced from 100 to 10 s. This effect was reversed by the M2R antagonists, methoctramine, and AFDX116, and was absent in M2R null mice. The M3R antagonist 4-DAMP abolished the entire response in both WT and M2R KO mice. The M2R-mediated potentiation of EFS-induced contractions was not observed when the stimulus frequency was increased to 20 Hz. A subthreshold concentration of carbachol enhanced the amplitude of EFS-evoked contractions in WT, but not M2R null mice. These data highlight a significant M2R-mediated potentiation of M3R-dependent contractions of ASM at low frequency stimulation that could be relevant in diseases such as asthma and COPD.
Cost–Benefit Analysis of the COPE Program for Persons Living With Dementia: Toward a Payment Model
Authors: Pizzi Laura T , Jutkowitz Eric , Prioli Katherine M , Lu Ember (Yiwei) , Babcock Zachary , McAbee-Sevick Heather , Wakefield Dorothy B , Robison Julie , Molony Sheila , Piersol Catherine V , Gitlin Laura N , Fortinsky Richard H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There is a critical need for effective interventions to support quality of life for persons living with dementia and their caregivers. Growing evidence supports nonpharmacologic programs that provide care management, disease education, skills training, and support. This cost–benefit analysis examined whether the Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments (COPE) program achieves cost savings when incorporated into Connecticut’s home- and community-based services (HCBS), which are state- and Medicaid-funded.

Research Design and Methods
Findings are based on a pragmatic trial where persons living with dementia and their caregiver dyads were randomly assigned to COPE with HCBS, or HCBS alone. Cost measures included those relevant to HCBS decision makers: intervention delivery, health care utilization, caregiver time, formal care, and social services. Data sources included care management records and caregiver report.

Results
Per-dyad mean cost savings at 12 months were $2 354 for those who received COPE with a mean difference-in-difference of −$6 667 versus HCBS alone (95% CI: −$15 473, $2 734; not statistically significant). COPE costs would consume 5.6%–11.3% of Connecticut’s HCBS annual spending limit, and HCBS cost-sharing requirements align with participants’ willingness to pay for COPE.

Discussion and Implications
COPE represents a potentially cost-saving dementia care service that could be financed through existing Connecticut HCBS. HCBS programs represent an important, sustainable payment model for delivering nonpharmacological dementia interventions such as COPE.
Crust and upper-mantle seismic anisotropy variations from the coast to inland in central and Southern Mexico (2): correlations with tectonic tremor
Authors: Husker Allen , Castellanos Jorge C , Pérez-Campos Xyoli , Valenzuela Raúl W , Frank William B 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Seismic anisotropy in the flat slab region of Mexico is compared with tectonic tremor (TT) activity. The anisotropy is observed in three separate horizontal layers using a novel technique with receiver functions. Those layers are identified as the continental crust and the subducted flat oceanic slab and a thin (∼10 km thick) remnant mantle wedge between those two layers. The TT is located in two zones: (1) the Sweet Spot where most of the tremor is observed (∼160–180 km from the coast) and (2) the Transient Zone (∼80–110 km from the coast). Anisotropy within each layer is observed to be different within each of the tremor zones than just outside them. The changes are explained as due to hydration within those zones. Water releasing phase changes have previously been modelled to occur within those two zones in the subducted slab (Manea & Manea). Water rising through each of the layers should generate the observed differences in anisotropy in those zones as the fast polarization direction and split times can differ between dry and hydrated material. This observation also correlates with the many observations of high pore fluid pressure associated with TT.
Implementation of in vitro glycoengineering of monoclonal antibodies into downstream processing of industrial production
Authors: Malik Sebastian , Grunert Ingrid , von Roman Matthias Freiherr , Walch Heiko , Dams Thomas , Thomann Marco , Falkenstein Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In vitro glycoengineering using exoenzymes for specific modification is recognized as appropriate method to tailor sugar moieties of glycan structures during the recombinant production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This report describes enhanced in vitro glycoengineering approaches using β1,4-galactosyltransferase and α2,6-sialyltransferase to improve the efficiency of galactosylation and sialylation with the aim to implement in vitro glycoengineering into common mAb purification processes. Feasibility studies tested the potential of different in vitro glycoengineering protocols (two-step vs. one-step) to facilitate the overall procedure. Scalability of the reactions was demonstrated for mAb amounts ranging from 1 mg to 1 g. Additionally, the reactions of β1,4-galactosyltransferase and α2,6-sialyltransferase were shown to work on column during affinity chromatography using Protein A or KappaSelect, the latter providing more efficient galactosylation and sialylation of IgG1 and IgG4 mAbs. Performing in vitro glycoengineering on column enabled the use of cell culture harvest that yielded results comparable to those of purified bulk. Based thereon, an optimized two-step mixed mode approach was found most appropriate to integrate in vitro glycoengineering of the IgG1 mAb into the overall manufacturing process. Using harvest for on-column reaction of β1,4-galactosyltransferase combined with in-solution reaction of α2,6-sialyltransferase, this approach yielded 100% biantennary galactosylation and 61% biantennary sialylation. Moreover, the enzymes applied in in vitro glycoengineering could be separated, recycled and reused in further reactions to improve economic efficiency. Overall, the study provides a toolbox for in vitro glycoengineering and presents an optimized easy-to-handle workflow to implement this method into the downstream processing of industrial mAb production.
Breaking the “Virtuous Circle”: How Partisan Communication Flows Can Erode Social Trust but Drive Participation
Authors: Suk Jiyoun , Shah Dhavan V , McLeod Douglas M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe examine how individuals’ interactions with the shifting contemporary communication ecology—either by seeking information selectively from partisan sources or immersing themselves in a broad range of partisan communications — relate to shifting levels of social trust and online engagement. Using national panel surveys of young adults (i.e., millennials age 18–34) collected over the 2016 U.S. presidential election, we find that individuals’ partisan communication flows—calculated by algorithmically combining patterns of news consumption, social media use, and political talk—explain: (a) polarized shifts in levels of trust towards people of other nationalities, religions, races, and ethnicities and (b) increases in levels of online political engagement. By elaborating the relationship between citizens’ communication patterns and their levels of trust and participation, this research forces a reconsideration of theoretical traditions in the field of communication, especially those linking mass and interpersonal processes in the study of social capital.
A heuristic model for health-related autonomy based on health promotion ideas: the ‘Health–Autonomy Interaction Model’
Authors: Farinatti Paulo 
Published: October 2021

Summary
Autonomy and health are central concepts in health promotion literature. Operational frameworks explaining their relationship are important to support health-related autonomy actions. This study presents a heuristic model describing the ‘health–autonomy relationship’ based on health promotion ideas, particularly Antonovsky’s and Nordenfeldt’s works. Central to the ‘Health–Autonomy Interaction Model’ is the existence of inter-related dimensions of autonomy: thought, intention and action, all influenced by negative and positive factors of physical and social environments (extrinsic factors) and personal resources to cope with life needs (intrinsic factors). Intrinsic factors comprise elements often included in definitions of negative (ill-health) and positive health (well-being and fitness), therefore establishing a bridge between conceptions of health and autonomy. Unique to this biopsychosocial framework is the differentiation between the potential for being autonomous and the degree of autonomy effectively achieved—the potential autonomy reflects the individual set of abilities to accomplish any task, while the expressed autonomy results from the extent to which this satisfies the demands of the environment and vital goals. Conceptualizing autonomy in this manner highlights that it is a multi-factorial capability referred to external conditions, reflecting a cluster of abilities to be and do things indicative of a self-empowered life. Concluding, our model moves the concept of health-related autonomy from a focus on ‘disease’ and ‘incapacity’ to a broader view in which the meaning of ‘capacity’ depends on the achievement of ‘self-fulfillment’ in given circumstances. The notion of autonomy is regarded as a precondition for health and an essential priority in health promotion.
Temperature-dependent effects on fecundity in a serial broadcast spawning fish after whole-life high CO2 exposure
Authors: Concannon Callie A , Cross Emma L , Jones Lucas F , Murray Christopher S , Matassa Catherine M , McBride Richard S , Baumann Hannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExperiments examining fish sensitivities to future oceanic CO2 levels have greatly expanded over past decades and identified many potentially affected traits. Curiously, data on reproductive trait responses to high CO2 are still scarce, despite their strong link to Darwinian fitness and thus to population vulnerability to ocean acidification. We conducted two rearing experiments on the first broadcast-spawning marine fish model (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia) to examine how long-term and novel whole life-cycle exposures to predicted future CO2 levels (∼2,000 µatm) affect laboratory spawning, temperature-specific reproductive investment, fecundity, and size distributions of maturing oocytes. At low temperatures (17°C), female body size and therefore potential fecundity (FPot, oocytes/female) slightly increased with CO2, while relative fecundity (FRel, oocytes/g female) remained unaffected. At high temperatures (24°C), high CO2 substantially reduced both FPot (−19%) and FRel (−28%) relative to control treatments. Irrespective of CO2, females at 24°C grew larger and heavier than those at 17°C, and although larger females produced larger oocytes at some developmental stages, they also had lower gonadosomatic indices and lower FRel. Our findings contrast with most previous studies and thus highlight the need to investigate reproductive impacts of increasing CO2 on multiple fish species with contrasting life history strategies.
Phi thickenings in Brassica oleracea roots are induced by osmotic stress and mechanical effects, both involving jasmonic acid
Authors: Aleamotuʻa Maketalena , Baker Jaime K , McCurdy David W , Collings David A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Phi thickenings are peculiar secondary cell wall thickenings found in radial walls of cortical cells in plant roots. However, while thickenings are widespread in the plant kingdom, research into their development has been lacking. Here, we describe a simple system for rapid induction of phi thickenings in primary roots of Brassica. Four-day-old seedlings were transferred from control agar plates to new plates containing increased levels of osmotica. Phi thickening development occurred within a narrow region of the differentiation zone proportional to osmolarity, with cellulose deposition and lignification starting after 12h and 15h, respectively. However, osmoprotectants not only failed to induce phi thickenings, but inhibited induction when tested in combination with thickening-inducing osmotica. An independent, biomechanical pathway exists regulating phi thickening induction, with root growth rates and substrate texture being important factors in determining thickening induction. Phi thickening development is also controlled by stress-related plant hormones, most notably jasmonic acid, but also abscisic acid. Our research not only provides the first understanding of the developmental pathways controlling phi thickening induction, but also provides tools with which the functions of these enigmatic structures might be clarified.
Aspergillosis: Emerging risk groups in critically ill patients
Authors: Kluge Stefan , Strauß Richard , Kochanek Matthias , Weigand Markus A , Rohde Holger , Lahmer Tobias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInformation on invasive aspergillosis (IA) and other invasive filamentous fungal infections is limited in non-neutropenic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and presenting with no classic IA risk factors. This review is based on the critical appraisal of relevant literature, on the authors' own experience and on discussions that took place at a consensus conference. It aims to review risk factors favoring aspergillosis in ICU patients, with a special emphasis on often overlooked or neglected conditions. In the ICU patients, corticosteroid use to treat underlying conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sepsis, or severe COVID-19, represents a cardinal risk factor for IA. Important additional host risk factors are COPD, decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure, and severe viral pneumonia (influenza, COVID-19). Clinical observations indicate that patients admitted to the ICU because of sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome are more likely to develop probable or proven IA, suggesting that sepsis could also be a possible direct risk factor for IA, as could small molecule inhibitors used in oncology. There are no recommendations for prophylaxis in ICU patients; posaconazole mold-active primary prophylaxis is used in some centers according to guidelines for other patient populations and IA treatment in critically ill patients is basically the same as in other patient populations. A combined evaluation of clinical signs and imaging, classical biomarkers such as the GM assay, and fungal cultures examination, remain the best option to assess response to treatment.Lay summaryThe use of corticosteroids and the presence of co-morbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute or chronic advanced liver disease, or severe viral pneumonia caused by influenza or Covid-19, may increase the risk of invasive aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients.
First extragalactic measurement of the turbulence driving parameter: ALMA observations of the star-forming region N159E in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Sharda Piyush , Menon Shyam H , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R , Beattie James R , Jameson Katherine E , Tokuda Kazuki , Burkhart Blakesley , Crocker Roland M , Law Charles J , Seta Amit , Gaetz Terrance J , Pingel Nickolas M , Seitenzahl Ivo R , Sano Hidetoshi , Fukui Yasuo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Studying the driving modes of turbulence is important for characterizing the impact of turbulence in various astrophysical environments. The driving mode of turbulence is parameterized by b, which relates the width of the gas density PDF to the turbulent Mach number; b ≈ 1/3, 1, and 0.4 correspond to driving that is solenoidal, compressive, and a natural mixture of the two, respectively. In this work, we use high-resolution (sub-pc) ALMA 12CO (J = 2–1), 13CO (J = 2–1), and C18O (J = 2–1) observations of filamentary molecular clouds in the star-forming region N159E (the Papillon Nebula) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) to provide the first measurement of turbulence driving parameter in an extragalactic region. We use a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) analysis of the CO isotopologues to construct a gas density PDF, which we find to be largely log-normal in shape with some intermittent features indicating deviations from lognormality. We find that the width of the log-normal part of the density PDF is comparable to the supersonic turbulent Mach number, resulting in b ≈ 0.9. This implies that the driving mode of turbulence in N159E is primarily compressive. We speculate that the compressive turbulence could have been powered by gravo-turbulent fragmentation of the molecular gas, or due to compression powered by H I1.2ex flows that led to the development of the molecular filaments observed by ALMA in the region. Our analysis can be easily applied to study the nature of turbulence driving in resolved star-forming regions in the local as well as the high-redshift Universe.
COVID-19 in patients with Behçet’s disease: Outcomes and rate of Behçet’s exacerbations in a retrospective cohort
Authors: Polat Bünyamin , Erden Abdulsamet , Güven Serdar Can , Armağan Berkan , Karakaş Özlem , Özdemir Bahar , Apaydın Hakan , Usul Eren , Ateş İhsan , Küçükşahin Orhan , Omma Ahmet 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our cohort of Behçet’s disease (BD) patients and to reveal the rate of BD exacerbations due to COVID-19.

Methods
Patients who have been followed with a diagnosis of BD were retrospectively investigated for a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 polymerized chain reaction (PCR) test. Data regarding demographics, clinical features and COVID-19 outcomes were collected from medical records for patients with a positive PCR. PCR-positive patients were reached via phone numbers, and ‘Behçet’s Disease Current Activity Form’ (BDCAF) scores for pre- and post-COVID-19 BD symptoms were calculated.

Results
Out of a total 648 BD patients, 59 were detected to have a positive PCR test. Three of the 59 patients (5.0%) were found to be hospitalized, none of them was admitted to the ICU or died. An increasing trend in the frequency of comorbid diseases and older age was observed in hospitalized patients. 32.2% of BD patients suffered from exacerbation of at least one symptom related to BD.

Conclusions
We observed no ICU admission or mortality with COVID-19 in our BD patient cohort. A substantial number of patients suffered from exacerbation of BD symptoms.
Impact of age on the efficacy and safety of peficitinib (ASP015K) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Kato Daisuke , Kaneko Yuichiro , Fukuda Musashi , Miyatake Daisuke 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To evaluate peficitinib efficacy and safety in Asian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), stratified by age (≥20–&lt;50, ≥50–&lt;65, and ≥65 years).

Methods
Efficacy data from two Phase 3 studies were analysed. Safety data from one Phase 2, two Phase 3, and one open-label extension study were pooled. Incidence rates per 100 patient-years of adverse events of special interest were calculated, and Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted.

Results
1052 patients received peficitinib for 2 years (median). Peficitinib demonstrated efficacy improvements versus placebo across all age categories. Incidence rates (95% confidence interval) per 100 patient-years for ≥20–&lt;50, ≥50–&lt;65, and ≥65 years were 0.8 (0.4, 1.9), 2.6 (1.8, 3.7), and 4.7 (3.1, 7.0) for serious infections and 3.7 (2.5, 5.4), 6.4 (5.0, 8.2), and 11.2 (8.5, 14.7) for herpes zoster–related disease, respectively. Twenty patients reported malignancies in pooled Phase 2/3 studies. Incidences of serious infections and herpes zoster–related disease increased significantly with age, but there was no association with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Conclusions
Peficitinib was efficacious in adult Asian RA patients of all ages. Age, but not estimated glomerular filtration rate, was associated with serious infections and herpes zoster–related disease, demonstrating the importance of an appropriate RA treatment strategy in older patients.