bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional effect when measuring Martens hardness
Authors: Moshchenok Vasyl , Kostina Lyidmila , Pluzhnikov Denis 
Published: December 2021

One of the most common methods of non-destructive testing, hardness testing, is used to evaluate the properties of materials. This is due to the ease of measurement and testing of the finished part, which will be used in the future, high productivity of the method, the ability to assess other mechanical properties of the material: elasticity, creep, tensile strength. An important aspect in the study of the hardness using in the range the Berkovich and Vickers indenters, which are more consistent with non-destructive testing, while the methods of Brinell and Rockwell leave quite large deformations, in our opinion, which further promote the development of structural defects and reduce the service life, which are not acceptable in critical products. Due to the improvement of product manufacturability, more and more manufacturers are trying to minimize the size of the part, while increasing their performance by applying a reinforced layer, which, in turn, should seek to reduce the thickness with increased service life. It is also impossible to study the hardness of very small products in the micro range due to the large mismatch between the dimensions of the product under test and the test method. In our opinion, the study of hardness by the Berkovich method in comparison with the Vickers method is more expedient for use with the same physicochemical properties of the material because of a larger scatter of hardness values between the compared methods, although they should be almost the same, with a small difference. An important omission to a certain year was the dimensional effect. Goal. The aim of the study is to assess the nature of the change in hardness with increasing load on the indenter, using the functional dependence of the hardness on the depth of the indenter. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish such connection for an indenter of various geometry. In this regard, we consider it appropriate to check the validity of the Meyer equation, which relates the load to the size of the imprint, for different indenters and materials. Results. When the hardness is calculated according to the Martens scales, the Vickers and Berkovich indenters are applied to the function of the surface area of the working part of the tip. An important factor of the consistency of the results in the increase in hardness is the small effect. The reasons for this can be very negligible. The sizeable effect is significantly infused into the results of increasing hardness, changing from 2,5 to 3,0 folds.
Applying Interactive Teaching Methods in a For-eign Language Classroom
Authors: Chevychelova Olena 
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, higher education requires not only the development of new educational standards, but also changes in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. One of the high-priority goals is to enhance teaching methods by using new tools and technologies. That is the gist of the new educational paradigm, which offers not only a different content and approaches, but also a new attitude to them. Interactive methods of teaching a foreign language make it possible to shift the educational process from passive to active learning, providing the implementation of activity-based leaning and learner-centered approaches. Goal. The goal is to consider the principles of using interactive teaching methods in the process of foreign language teaching at a higher school and to analyze the peculiarities of these methods in the context of their effective application. Methodology. When achieving the goal, the following methods of research were used: observation, descriptive and comparative methods as well as deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. Results. We conclude from this study that the effectiveness of using interactive teaching methods at a higher school is ensured by the implementation of the following pedagogical conditions, namely the creation of a dialogic space in higher education classroom; the application of social skills training approach to in-class and out-of-class activities; monitoring students’ personal qualities and professional orientation; the formation of teachers’ psychological readiness to use interactive technologies aimed at self-development of students. Originality. The principals for effective application of interactive methods in a foreign language classroom at the university are suggested and the conditions required for developing students’ foreign language competence in the process of interactive learning are specified. Practical value. By following the proposed principals and recommendations, it is possible to increase the level of students’ engagement in the learning process, to foster their motivation for learning foreign languages, develop students’ creativity as well as improve their communication and interpersonal skills. They can also be useful for teachers who want to facilitate their professional performance.
Technological features of the production of welded beds from prefabricated base parts
Authors: Vasilchenko Yana , Maluhin Mykola , Berezshna Olena , Prihodko Oleg 
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the problem of fatigue strength of welded-cast joints as applied to the operating conditions of body parts of machines. Such operating conditions are characterized by non-uniformity of intensity and concentration of the load on parts and assemblies during the operation of the equipment. This heterogeneity of the load actualizes production of precisely welded-cast base parts for metalworking equipment beds. This is of considerable technological and economic interest. The aim of the work is to study the strength of welded-cast bearing structures in relation to the work of beds of heavy lathes. Unalloyed medium-carbon structural steel 35L and steel of ordinary quality MCT3 in the form of rolled products were used as the main materials for research. The research methods are presented. The study of the structure and properties of the welded joint made it possible to assess the technical feasibility of using the studied metals in the manufacture of welded-cast bearing structures. It has been established that welding of steel castings with rolled steel causes significant structural and mechanical heterogeneity. The influence of processing technology on the nature of formation of the structure of welded-cast joints is presented. The influence of heat treatment on the value of the hardness of the welded seam and the heat-affected zone was investigated. The study of the fatigue resistance of welded-cast specimens was carried out in relation to the operating conditions of joints undergoing vibration loads at normal temperatures, which can be classified as fatigue with a symmetric load cycle. It was found that the use of heat treatment of welded-cast specimens significantly reduces the mechanical heterogeneity of the joint along the seam and the heat-affected zone. Based on the results of studying mechanical characteristics, the choice of technology for the production of welded-cast joints is justified.
Clinical and pathogenetic features of intestinal lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dynia Y. Z. 
Published: December 2021

Objective — to study the incidence and clinical and pathogenetic features of intestinal injury in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 138 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), aged from 39 to 67 years (mean age 53 ± 5 years), including 82 women (59 %) and 56 men (41 %). In addition to general clinical methods, investigations included plasma levels of the transforming growth factor‑b1 (TGF‑b1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the hydrogen breath test with lactulose, endoscopic examination of the intestine with biopsy followed by staining with hematoxylin‑eosin, immunohistochemical determining of claudin‑1 and VEGF, and conduction of PAS‑reaction.
Results. Diabetic enterocolopathy (DECP) was diagnosed in 72 (52.2 %) patients with DM 2. Clinical manifestations were nonspecific and similar to those of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It has been found that DECP correlates with the duration of the DM 2 course and was diagnosed more often in middle‑aged patients (52.1 ± 4.1 years). In patients with DECP, the increase in the proinflammatory cytokines TGF‑b1 and VEGF significantly exceeded those in IBS patients. Histologically the inflammatory cell infiltration in patients with DECP was more intense and diverse, there were signs of subatrophy of the glands with a relative decrease in the number of vacuoles in the goblet cells. The immunohistochemical study revealed that VEGF in the colon mucosa was visualized mainly in patients with DECP. Moreover, a tendency to a decrease in the claudin‑1 levels was established in these patients.
Conclusions. Intestinal damage was revealed in 67.4 % of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and DECP was diagnosed in more than half of patients. Diabetic enterocolopathy had nonspecific clinical symptoms, required differential diagnosis with IBS, and was not always accompanied with abdominal pain. The presence of DECP more often correlated with the bacterial overgrowth syndrome, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood plasma and intestinal mucosa of these patients was raised.
Quality of life as an indicator of the effects of concomitant hypertensive disease on the state of health of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rozhdestvenska A. O. 
Published: December 2021

Objective — to determine the effects of concomitant hypertension on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‑36) and The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ).
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 115 patients with NAFLD at the stage of non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group included 63 patients with NAFLD and hypertension (32 men and 31 women, the mean age 48.4 years) and comparison group consisted of 52 patients with NAFLD (25 men and 27 women, the mean age 48.3 years). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy people (12 women and 8 men, the mean age 47.1 years). The NAFLD duration did not significantly differ between the groups of comorbid course (6.6 years (95 % confidence interval (CI) — 5.8; 7.3)) and isolated NAFLD (7.8 years (95 % CI 6.7; 8.8)) (p = 0.086). Hypertension duration was 8.4 years (95 % CI 7.3; 9.5). Assessments included body mass index calculation (BMI) and measurements of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) arterial pressure. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‑36) and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) were used to assess the QOL of NAFLD patients.
Results. In comparison with the control group and regardless of the presence of concomitant pathology, the significant decrease in QOL scores of almost all SF‑36 scales was established in NAFLD patients. In NAFLD patients with hypertension, decrease in the QOL indicators was observed for all components of health, except for the results on the scale of physical functioning («PF»). Indicators of the total physical («PCS») and mental («MCS») health components were also significantly lower in the group with NAFLD and hypertension and amounted to 25.00 % (95 % CI 21.20; 29.60) and 44.00 % (95 % CI 42.23; 50.47) out of the maximum possible 100 %. There was a significant decrease in indicators for all domains of the CLDQ questionnaire in patients with NAFLD and hypertension compared to the isolated NAFLD and the control group. Significant inverse correlations were determined between the QOL indicators according to both questionnaires and the diseases duration, SBP, DBP levels and BMI.
Conclusions. NAFLD is associated with significant deviant changes in patients’ quality of life indicators according to the SF‑36 and CLDQ questionnaires. The presence of concomitant hypertension, the duration of fatty changes in the liver, the experience of hypertension, the levels of SBP, DBP and BMI significantly worsen the QOL of patients with NAFLD. The quantitative variability of QOL components in patients with NAFLD and hypertension can negatively affect the course of the disease and reduce the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.
Seroprevalence of CMV in Women with Bad Obstetric History in Babil/Iraq
Authors: Abbas Maha Diekan , Egbe Solomon Sahoon 
Published: December 2021

Placental dysfunction and or fetal central nervous system infestation caused by Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital non-genetic neuro-developmental problems of the newborn, worldwide. Although the highest rates of congenital infection and CMV seroprevalence occurs in developing countries like Iraq, there remains a paucity of data from that part of the world. This descriptive case control study was undertaken in Babylon/ Iraq to determine the local seroprevalence of CMV in women of child bearing age, and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with it. This study found a seropositivity peak amongst the 26-35 yr olds which declined in the 36 – 45 yr olds. However, the evidence of current infection was stable at 25% among the 26-35 yr olds and the 36 – 45 yr old women. Overall seropositivity was at 77.32%, a susceptibility rate was at 22.68%, and seropositivity for IgG was highest among the educated, those living in overcrowded settings, and those with poor obstetric histories. Our study concludes that CMV screening of women in the Al Hamza district in Babylon/Iraq and the availability of advice on how to prevent the infection can be beneficial for health outcomes.
Evaluation of Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Combined Scrophularia striata Extract and Antibiotics Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tamri Pari , Pourmoslemi Shabnam , Moradkhani Shirin , Foroughinia Sahar 
Published: December 2021

Scrophularia. striata from Scrophulariacea family has been used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this study we evaluated the synergistic effect of S. striata hydroalcoholic extract (SSE) and commercially available antibiotics against P. aeroginosa and Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The resazurin-based microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of plan extract and standard antibiotics. The interaction between standard antibiotics and SSE was evaluated by using checkerboard method. The results of this study revealed that SSE enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The combination of SSE and Vancomycin had synergistic to additive effects against MRSA. SSE in combination with Gentamicin had synergistic to additive effects against P. aeruginosa. The interaction between Ceftazidime and SSE was additive against P. aeruginosa. The best result was the synergistic effect between SSE and Piperacillin-Tazobactam against P. aeruginosa. In conclusion the results of this research indicated that S. striata has the potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics and could be a source to the designing new compounds with synergistic effect in combination with standard antibiotics.
Stylistics of Ukrainian Fine Art, Architecture and Design in the Second Half XIX – Early XXI Centuries’ Period
Authors: Shkolna Olga , Sosik Olga , Buigasheva Alla 
Published: December 2021

The aim is to explore the key concepts of stylistics of Ukrainian fine arts, architecture and various types of design of the second half of the XIX – early XXI centuries in the relationship of individual fields of knowledge. Research methods – hermeneutic, axiological, historical-genetic, historical-chronological, comparative, culturological, formal-stylistic, art analysis. The selected tools allow you to compare the stylistic features of different types of design (industrial, graphic, clothing, environment), fine arts and architecture. A novelty is an overview of evolutionary processes in terms of styles in painting, graphics, architecture, various types of design activities (in particular, environmental design, industrial, graphic, clothing). The points of intersection of the conceptual and categorical sphere of the indicated branches of creativity are outlined, both common and different tendencies concerning the identification of stylistic features are observed. Conclusions. The differences of separate branches of knowledge of artistic creativity and common features of some types of design-designing, -construction, -modeling, art technologies bordering on graphic art and painting (graphic design, partly industrial design), architecture (environmental design and partly industrial design) are traced.
Since the era of modernism, art deco, avant-garde, constructivism, functionalism, Stalin’s empire, which affected all forms of artistic activity, in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century established the classic, minimalism, high-tech, fusion, low-tech, shabby chic, provence, glamour, some oriental stylizations in the interior associated with architecture. Instead, clothing design, in addition to the classics, over the past few decades has creatively adapted the sports-classic style, manga, country, western, boho, military, glamour and etc. over the past few decades.
If the shapes of the silhouettes of the cut look at the general tendencies of industrial design, the drawings of fabrics partially appeal to the visions of graphic design, which are related to the tendencies of fine arts – tendencies of modernism, avant-garde, postmodernism. Namely, they tend to functionalism, constructivism, boychukism, art deco, socialist realism, Stalinist empire, Ukrainian soviet empire, neo-functionalism, neo-primitivism, neo-folk style, polystylism, glamour.
PENGARUH LOCUS OF CONTROL DAN EFIKASI DIRI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DENGAN KETERIKATAN KARYAWAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA PT SEMEN PADANG
Authors: Pulungan Putri Intan Suci , Rivai Harif Amali 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Locus of Control dan efikasi diri terhadap kinerja karyawan dan keterikatan karyawan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Jacob Chen, responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 204 responden. Penelitian ini mengggunakan teknik Analisis Data menggunakan software SPSS versi 15.0, dimana sebelumnya digunakan uji validitas, reliabilitas, inner model, uji hipotesis, dan uji efek mediasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel independen dalam penelitian ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap variabel dependennya, baik secara parsial maupun simultan, sedangkan variabel locus of control terhadap kinerja melalui keterikatan karyawan tidak memiliki efek mediasi, dan efikasi diri terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui keterikatan karyawan memiliki hubungan mediasi parsial.
Kata Kunci :Locus of Control, Efikasi Diri, Kinerja Karyawan, Keterikatan Karyawan
ANALISIS DETEKSI LABA OVERSTATED UNTUK MENGANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PT. UNILEVER INDONESIA TBK PERIODE 2016 – 2019
Authors: Ramadani Amelia , Aulia Fezi Waldeseska , Putri Nurul Hikmah 
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeteksi potensi laba overstated untuk menganalisis laporan keuangan PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. Laporan keuangan merupakan hasil pertanggung jawaban manajemen atas penggunaan sumber daya yang dipercayakan kepada mereka. Data laporan keuangan diteliti dan dieksplorasi untuk mencari potensi laba overstated menggunakan indikator yang dikemukakan Tan & Robinson (2014). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa (1) Indikasi pengakuan pendapatan yang agresif pada PT. Unilever tidak ditemukan dan arus kas operasi berjalan dengan wajar. (2) Dalam konteks penangguhan beban pada PT. Unilever, tidak terdapat amortisasi yang periodenya lebih lama dibandingkan dengan perusahaan sejenis, dan tidak terdapat biaya tangguhan selain pajak di posisi keuangan sebagai aset. (3) Untuk item klasifikasi non-operasi pendapatan, deskripsi operasi PT. Unilever sesuai dengan hal yang semestinya, tidak terdapat item berulang yang termasuk dalam pendapatan. (4) dalam hal kandungan klasifikasi biaya operasional untuk biaya operasional PT. Unliver tidak terdapat biaya maupun margin yang luar biasa, semua tersaji secara wajar.
PENGARUH TINGKAT LEVERAGE, DIVIDEN, DAN RISIKO PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP AGENCY COST PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG ADA DI BEI TAHUN 2012-2014
Authors: Kasmawati Kasmawati 
Published: December 2021

Keputusan menetapkan dividen yang rendah pada saat risiko yang tinggi akan mengurangi agency cost, karena sebagian laba dialokasikan untuk laba ditahan yang digunakan untuk pembiayaan pertumbuhan perusahaan. Sehingga alokasi yang dapat dilakukan manajer atau manajemen untuk memenuhi kepentingan dirinya dan manajemen dapat diminimalisir.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris pengaruh variabel tingkat leverage, dividen dan resiko perusahaan terhadap agency cost pada perusahaan manufaktur yang ada di BEI periode tahun 2012-2014. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 35 perusahaan manufaktur yang dipilih secara purposive simple randaom sampling. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t, dengan menggunakan model analisa regresi linear berganda.Hasill penelitian berdasarkan hasil uji t variabel Leverage signifikan pada nilai 0,048 di mana lebih kecil dari 0,05. Berarti hipotesis pertama (Ha1) diterima (adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara Leverage terhadap Agency Cost. Bcrdasarkan hasil uji t variabel lingkat Dividen signifikan pada nilai 0,029 di mana lebih besar dari 0,05. Berarti hipotesis kedua (Ha:) diterima (adanya pengaruh tingkat Dividen yang signifikan terhadap Agency Cost). Berdasarkan hasil uji t variabel Risiko signifikan pada nilai 0,008 di mana lebih kecil dari 0,05. Berarti hipotesis ketiga (Ha3) diterima (adanya pengaruh Risiko yang signifikan terhadap Agency Cost. Nilai R2 diperoleh sebesar 0.7849artinya variabel independen dapat menjelaskan variabel dependen sebesar 78.49%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 21.51% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian. Dan hasil uji F (Uji Anova) digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independent yang digunakan signifikan atau tidak secara bersamaan terhadap variable dependen. Dari hasil regresi dapat dilihat, F hitung sebesar 0,004 lebih kecil dari 0,05, berarti variabel independen (Dividen, Leverage dan Risiko) secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi variabel dependen: (Agency Cost).Kata Kunci : Leverage, Dividen, Resiko Perusahaan, Agency Cost