bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between large-scale radio structures and gas in a sample of optically selected type 2 quasars
Authors: Villar Martín M. , Emonts B. H. C. , Cabrera Lavers A. , Bellocchi E. , Alonso Herrero A. , Humphrey A. , Dall’Agnol de Oliveira B. , Storchi-Bergmann T. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The role of radio mode feedback in non radio-loud quasars needs to be explored in depth to determine its true importance. Its effects can be identified based on the evidence of interactions between the radio structures and the ambient ionised gas.
Aims. We investigate this interaction in a sample of 13 optically selected type 2 quasars (QSO2) at z < 0.2 with the Very Large Array (VLA) FIRST Survey radio detections, none of which are radio-loud. The ranges of [OIII]λ5007 and monochromatic radio luminosities are log(L[OIII]/erg s−1) ∼ 42.08–42.79 and log(P1.4 GHz/erg s−1 Hz−1) ∼ 30.08−31.76. All of them show complex optical morphologies, with signs of distortion across tens of kpc due to mergers and interactions.
Methods. We searched for evidence of interactions between the radio structures and the ionised gas by characterising and comparing their morphologies. The former was traced by narrow band Hα images obtained with the GTC 10.4 m Spanish telescope and the Osiris instrument. The latter is traced by VLA radio maps obtained with A and B configurations to achieve both high resolution and brightness sensitivity.
Results. The radio luminosity has an active galatic nucleus (AGN) component in 11 our of 13 QSO2, which is spatially extended in our radio data in 9 of them (jets, lobes, or other). The relative contribution of the extended radio emission to the total P1.4 GHz is in most cases in the range from 30% to 90%. The maximum sizes are in the range of dRmax of around a few to 500 kpc. The QSO2 undergoing interaction or merger events appear to be invariably associated with ionised gas spread over large spatial scales with maximum distances from the AGN in the range rmax ∼ 12−90 kpc. The morphology of the ionised gas at < 30 kpc is strongly influenced by AGN related processes. Evidence for radio-gas interactions exist in 10 out of 13 QSO2; that is, in all but one with confirmed AGN radio components. The interactions are identified across different spatial scales, from the nuclear narrow line region up to tens of kpc.
Conclusions. Although this sample cannot be considered representative of the general population of QSO2, it supports the idea that large-scale low to modest power radio sources can exist in radio-quiet QSO2, which can provide a source of feedback on scales of the spheroidal component of galaxies and well into the circumgalactic medium, in systems where radiative mode feedback is expected to dominate.
Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectrum of trans-formaldoxime (CH2NOH)
Authors: Zou Luyao , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Motiyenko Roman A. , Margulès Laurent 
Published: March 2021

Context. Among the six atoms of N-containing molecules with the formula of CH3NO, only formamide (H2NCHO), the most stable structural isomer, has been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM). The formaldoxime isomer may be formed, for example, by the reaction of formaldehyde (H2CO) or methanimine (H2CNH) and hydroxylamine (H2NOH), which are all detected in the ISM. The lack of high accuracy millimeter- and submillimeter-wave measurements hinders the astronomical search for formaldoxime.
Aims. The aim of this work is to provide the direct laboratory measurement of the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectrum of trans-formaldoxime.
Methods. Formaldoxime was synthesized and its rotational spectrum was recorded at room temperature in a glass flow cell using the millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectrometer in Lille. The SPFIT program in the CALPGM suite was used to fit the spectrum.
Results. Rotational lines of trans-formaldoxime from both the ground state and v12 = 1 vibrational excited states have been measured and assigned from 150 to 660 GHz. Spectroscopic constants were derived to the tenth order using both Watson’s A and S reduction Hamiltonian.
Self-preserving ice layers on CO2 clathrate particles: Implications for Enceladus, Pluto, and similar ocean worlds
Authors: Boström Mathias , Esteso Victoria , Fiedler Johannes , Brevik Iver , Buhmann Stefan Yoshi , Persson Clas , Carretero-Palacios Sol , Parsons Drew F. , Corkery Robert W. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Gas hydrates can be stabilised outside their window of thermodynamic stability by the formation of an ice layer – a phenomenon termed self-preservation. This can lead to a positive buoyancy for clathrate particles containing CO2 that would otherwise sink in the oceans of Enceladus, Pluto, and similar oceanic worlds.
Aims. Here we investigate the implications of Lifshitz forces and low occupancy surface regions on type I clathrate structures for their self-preservation through ice layer formation, presenting a plausible model based on multi-layer interactions through dispersion forces.
Methods. We used optical data and theoretical models for the dielectric response for water, ice, and gas hydrates with a different occupancy. Taking this together with the thermodynamic Lifshitz free energy, we modelled the energy minima essential for the formation of ice layers at the interface between gas hydrate and liquid water.
Results. We predict the growth of an ice layer between 0.01 and 0.2 μm thick on CO, CH4, and CO2 hydrate surfaces, depending on the presence of surface regions depleted in gas molecules. Effective hydrate particle density is estimated, delimiting a range of particle size and compositions that would be buoyant in different oceans. Over geological time, the deposition of floating hydrate particles could result in the accumulation of kilometre-thick gas hydrate layers above liquid water reservoirs and below the water ice crusts of their respective ocean worlds. On Enceladus, the destabilisation of near-surface hydrate deposits could lead to increased gas pressures that both drive plumes and entrain stabilised hydrate particles. Furthermore, on ocean worlds, such as Enceladus and particularly Pluto, the accumulation of thick CO2 or mixed gas hydrate deposits could insulate its ocean against freezing. In preventing freezing of liquid water reservoirs in ocean worlds, the presence of CO2-containing hydrate layers could enhance the habitability of ocean worlds in our Solar System and on the exoplanets and exomoons beyond.
Spectral unmixing for exoplanet direct detection in hyperspectral data
Authors: Rameau J. , Chanussot J. , Carlotti A. , Bonnefoy M. , Delorme P. 
Published: March 2021

Context. The direct detection of faint exoplanets with high-contrast instruments can be boosted by combining it with high spectral resolution. For integral field spectrographs yielding hyperspectral data, this means that the majority of the field of view consists of diffracted starlight spectra and a spatially localized planet. Observation analysis usually relies on classic cross-correlation with theoretical spectra, maximized at the position and with the properties of the planet. In a purely blind-search context, this supervised strategy can be biased with model mismatch and/or be computationally inefficient.
Aims. Using an approach that is inspired by the analysis of hyperspectral data within the remote-sensing community, we aim to propose an alternative to cross-correlation that is fully data-driven, which decomposes the data into a set of individual spectra and their corresponding spatial distributions. This strategy is called spectral unmixing.
Methods. We used an orthogonal subspace projection to identify the most distinct spectra in the field of view. Their spatial distribution maps were then obtained by inverting the data. These spectra were then used to break the original hyperspectral images into their corresponding spatial distribution maps via non-negative least squares. A matched filter with the instrument point-spread function (or visual inspection) was then used to detect the planet on one of the maps. The performance of our method was evaluated and compared with a cross-correlation using simulated hyperspectral data with medium resolution from the ELT/HARMONI integral field spectrograph.
Results. We show that spectral unmixing effectively leads to a planet detection solely based on spectral dissimilarities at significantly reduced computational cost. The extracted spectrum holds significant signatures of the planet while being not perfectly separated from residual starlight. The sensitivity of the supervised cross-correlation is three to four times higher than with unsupervised spectral unmixing, the gap is biased toward the former because the injected and correlated spectrum match perfectly. The algorithm was furthermore vetted on real data obtained with VLT/SINFONI of the β Pictoris system. This led to the detection of β Pictoris b with a signal-to-noise ratio of 28.5.
Conclusions. Spectral unmixing is a viable alternative strategy to a cross-correlation to search for and characterize exoplanets in hyperspectral data in a purely data-driven approach. The advent of large data from the forthcoming IFS on board JWST and future ELTs motivates further algorithm development along this path.
Observations of 12.2 GHz methanol masers towards northern high-mass protostellar objects
Authors: Durjasz M. , Szymczak M. , Wolak P. , Bartkiewicz A. 
Published: March 2021

Context.Class II methanol masers at 6.7 and 12.2 GHz occur close to high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs). When they are observed simultaneously, such studies may contribute to refining the characterisation of local physical conditions.Aims.We aim to search for the 12.2 GHz methanol emission in 6.7 GHz methanol masers that might have gone undetected in previous surveys of northern sky HMYSOs, mainly due to their variability. Contemporaneous observations of both transitions are used to refine the flux density ratio and examine the physical parameters.Methods.We observed a sample of 153 sites of 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission in the 12.2 GHz methanol line with the Torun 32 m radio telescope, using the newly builtX-band receiver.Results.The 12.2 GHz methanol maser emission was detected in 36 HMYSOs, with 4 of them detected for the first time. The 6.7–12.2 GHz flux density ratio for spectral features of the contemporaneously observed sources has a median value of 5.1, which is in agreement with earlier reports. The ratio differs significantly among the sources and for the periodic source G107.298+5.639 specifically, the ratio is weakly recurrent from cycle to cycle, but it generally reaches a minimum around the flare peak. This is consistent with the stochastic maser process, where small variations in the physical parameters along the maser path can significantly affect the ratio. A comparison of our data with historical results (from about ten years ago) implies significant (>50%) variability for about 47 and 14% at 12.2 and 6.7 GHz, respectively. This difference can be explained via the standard model of methanol masers.
Close encounters with the Death Star: Interactions between collapsed bodies and the Solar System
Authors: Pavlík Václav , Shore Steven N. 
Published: March 2021

Aims. We aim to investigate the consequences of a fast massive stellar remnant – a black hole (BH) or a neutron star (NS) – encountering a planetary system.
Methods. We modelled a close encounter between the actual Solar System (SS) and a 2 M⊙ NS and a 10 M⊙ BH, using a few-body symplectic integrator. We used a range of impact parameters, orbital phases at the start of the simulation derived from the current SS orbital parameters, encounter velocities, and incidence angles relative to the plane of the SS.
Results. We give the distribution of possible outcomes, such as when the SS remains bound, when it suffers a partial or complete disruption, and in which cases the intruder is able to capture one or more planets, yielding planetary systems around a BH or a NS. We also show examples of the long-term stability of the captured planetary systems.
A new distant giant radio galaxy in the Boötes field serendipitously detected by Chandra
Authors: Masini Alberto , Celotti Annalisa , Grandi Paola , Moravec Emily , Williams Wendy L. 
Published: March 2021

Context. Giant radio galaxies (GRGs) are the largest single structures in the Universe. Exhibiting extended radio morphology, their projected sizes range from 0.7 Mpc up to 4.9 Mpc. LOFAR has opened a new window on the discovery and investigation of GRGs and, despite the hundreds that are known today, their main growth catalyst is still under debate.
Aims. One natural explanation for the exceptional size of GRGs is their old age. In this context, hard X-ray selected GRGs show evidence of restarting activity, with the giant radio lobes being mostly disconnected from the nuclear source, if any are present at all. In this paper, we present the serendipitous discovery of a distant (z = 0.629), medium X-ray-selected GRG in the Boötes field.
Methods. High-quality, deep Chandra and LOFAR data allow for a robust study of the connection between the nucleus and the lobes, at a larger redshift, which has thus far been inaccessible to coded-mask hard X-ray instruments.
Results. The radio morphology of the GRG presented in this work does not show evidence for restarted activity and the nuclear radio core spectrum does not appear to be gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS)-like. On the other hand, the X-ray properties of the new GRG are perfectly consistent with the ones previously studied with Swift/BAT and INTEGRAL at lower redshift. In particular, the bolometric luminosity measured from the X-ray spectrum is a factor of six larger than the one derived from the radio lobes, although the large uncertainties make them formally consistent at 1σ. Finally, the moderately dense environment around the GRG, traced by the spatial distribution of galaxies, supports recent findings that the growth of GRGs is not primarily driven by underdense environments.
The relationship between rotator cuff integrity and acromiohumeral distance following open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Sun Yucheng , Kim Hyojune , Park Dongjun , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: March 2021

Background: Acromiohumeral distance (AHD) has become both a diagnostic and prognostic parameter related to rotator cuff pathology which is always measured in a 2-dimensional plane. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the regional AHD with MRI following open and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and, (2) to investigate its association to the rotator cuff integrity following medium to large size rotator cuff repair with open and arthroscopic manner. Methods: A retrospective review of 112 patients who were treated for full-thickness medium to large size rotator cuff tears either by open repair (open group) or arthroscopic repair (arthroscopic group) was done. All patients included in the study are those with at least 12 and 18 months for the post-operative MRI and clinical follow-up. Propensity score matching was used to select controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, tear size, and affected site. There were 56 patients in each group with a mean age of 63.3 years (range, 50 to 77 years). The post-operative functional and radiologic outcomes for both groups were compared. AHD was measured at three regions of interest (ROI) with MRI and compared pre-and post-operatively. Results: AHD was significantly greater in the open group when measured at the anterior third of the lateral acromion border compare to the arthroscopic group (p = 0.005). The re-tear rate was affected by AHD at the anterior third of the lateral border of the acromion for the arthroscopic and open group (p = 0.021, p = 0.029). The AHD measured at the anterior and middle third of lateral acromion border were significantly greater in healed compared to the re-tear rotator cuff group (p = 0.019, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Open rotator cuff repair showed greater AHD at the anterior third of the lateral border of the acromion. Regional AHD measured at anterior third of the lateral border of acromion significantly associated with rotator cuff integrity following repair. Level of evidence: propensity-matched case-control (Level II)
The management of acute knee dislocations: A global survey of orthopaedic surgeons’ strategies
Authors: Venter Santa-Marie , Dey Roopam , Khanduja Vikas , von Bormann Richard PB , Held Michael 
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Great variety and controversies surround the management strategies of acute multiligament knee injuries (aMKLIs) and no established guidelines exist for resource-limited practices. The aim of this study was to compare the management approach of acute knee dislocations (AKDs) by orthopedic surgeons from nations with different economic status. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional scenario-based survey compares different management strategies for aMLKIs of surgeons in developed economic nations (DEN) and emerging markets and developing nations (EMDN). The main areas of focus were operative versus non-operative management, timing and staging of surgery, graft choice and vascular assessment strategies. The members of the Societe Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopedique et de Traumatologie (SICOT) were approached to participate and information was collected regarding their demographics, experience, hospital setting and management strategies of aMLKIs. These were analyzed after categorizing participants into DEN and EMDN based on the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Results: One-hundred and thirty-eight orthopedic surgeons from 47 countries participated in this study, 67 from DEN and 71 (51.4%) from EMDN. DEN surgeons had more years of experience and were older (p < 0.05). Surgeons from EMDN mostly worked in public sector hospitals, were general orthopedic surgeons and treated patients from a low-income background. They preferred conservative management and delayed reconstruction with autograft (p < 0.05) if surgery was necessary. Surgeons from DEN favored early, single stage arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. Selective Computerized Tomography Angiography (CTA) was the most preferred choice of arterial examination for both groups. Significantly more EMDN surgeons preferred clinical examination (p < 0.05) and duplex doppler scanning (p < 0.05) compared to DEN surgeons. More surgeons from EMDN did not have access to a physiotherapist for their patients. Conclusions: Treatment of aMLKIs vary significantly based on the economic status of the country. Surgeons from DEN prefer early, single stage arthroscopic ligament reconstruction, while conservative management is favored in EMDN. Ligament surgery in EMDN is often delayed and staged. EMDN respondents utilize duplex doppler scanning and clinical examination more readily in their vascular assessment of aMLKIs. These findings highlight very distinct approaches to MLKIs in low-resource settings which are often neglected when guidelines are generated.
Konflikte in der neuen Rolle
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungSei es ein Wechsel von der Pflegekraft zur Stationsleitung oder aus dieser Rolle hin in die Pflegedirektion – Rollenkonflikte sind immer vorprogrammiert. Und das nicht nur im beruflichen Setting, auch zu Hause kann ein Rollenwechsel die ganze Familie betreffen.
Raus aus dem Elfenbeinturm
Authors: Schoberer Daniela , Nordhausen Thomas , Vetsch Janine 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Die Pflegeforschung ist im Vergleich zur medizinischen Forschung noch eine relativ junge Disziplin. Der Theorie-Praxis-Transfer ist dabei ein komplexer Prozess, der auf verschiedenen Ebenen ansetzen muss. Pflegedirektoren nehmen hier eine Schlüsselrolle ein.
Meningeal Carcinomatosis for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Mimicking Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Silva Holanda , Aguiar Gilnard Caminha de Menezes , Távora Daniel Gurgel Fernandes , Albuquerque Lucas Alverne Freitas de , Filho Stélio da Conceição Araújo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Cerebral metastases are the most common cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). Meningeal infiltration by neoplasms that did not originate in the CNS is a rare fact that is present in 0.02% of the autopsies.Epidemiologically, the radiological presentation mimicking a subdural hematoma is even more uncommon. We report a case of meningeal carcinomatosis by an adenocarcinoma of the prostate mimicking a chronic subdural hematoma.
Case Report A 60-year-old male patient was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2011. He underwent radical resection of the prostate, as well as adjuvant hormonal therapy and chemotherapy.Five years later, the patient presented peripheral facial paralysis that evolved with vomiting and mental confusion. Tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans confirmed the subdural collection.At surgery, the dura was infiltrated by friable material of difficult hemostasis. The anatomicopathological examination showed atypical epithelial cells. The immunohistochemistry was positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other key markers, and it was conclusive for meningeal carcinomatosis by a prostate adenocarcinoma.
Discussion Meningeal carcinomatosis presents clinically with headache, motor deficits, vomiting, changes in consciousness and seizures.The two most discussed mechanisms of neoplastic infiltration are the hematogenous route and retrograde drainage by the vertebral venous plexus.
Conclusion Variable clinical presentations may occur in dural metastases; however, the radiological presentation as subdural hematoma is rare. There are few descriptions of cases like this one in the literature.To support the diagnosis, the previous medical history is as important as the complementary exams and the radiological findings, because the symptoms are common at the neurological emergency. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a prostate neoplasm mimicking chronic subdural hematoma in Brazil.
Image-guided Temporal Bone Dissection Course
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Sgarabotto , Jotz Geraldo Pereira , Sousa Natália Cândido de , Setogutti Enio Tadashi , Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Stefani Marco Antonio , Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Lavinsky Joel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Temporal bone anatomy is complex and demands a profound anatomical knowledge. Association between surgery and imaging helps in the process of learning three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and surgical techniques. High definition temporal bone imaging can play an important role in dissection training.
Objective To describe a computed tomography (CT) image-guided temporal bone dissection course for surgical training in otolaryngology and to verify the satisfaction level of the students with the course.
Methods Descriptive research. The course took place at a research laboratory, with three experienced temporal bone surgeons. The participants were 12 otolaryngology residents. The laboratory has 7 modern workstations with microscope and monitors linked with a computerized video system. Cadaveric temporal bones were donated to the university. Imaging acquisition of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the course was performed in a multislice CT scanner. The CT images of cadaveric temporal bones were available with real-time access on the laboratory monitor's screens during dissections.
Results A total of 13 temporal bones were included for dissection. Students had the opportunity to view on the same screen, simultaneously, both the dissection video and the respective CT images of their temporal bone anatomical specimens. This allowed correlating surgical and imaging aspects of temporal bone anatomy. At the end of the course, participants answered a satisfaction survey.
Conclusion Considering imaging methods are routinely used during most otologic surgeries, detailed knowledge of CT imaging should be explored in conjunction with the temporal bone anatomical dissection.