bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetic influence of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism in chronic low back pain
Authors: Yamada Angela Shiratsu , Antunes Flavia Tasmim Techera , Ferraz Camila , de Souza Alessandra Hubner , Simon Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is a potential biomarker of vulnerability to pain. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association of this polymorphism with clinical and biopsychosocial factors in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Methods
A total of 107 individuals with CLBP answered questionnaires that were validated and adapted for the Brazilian population, including the Brief Inventory of Pain, the Central Sensitization Inventory, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Survey of Pain Attitude-Brief, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. All of the subjects were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.

Results
The sample showed moderate scores of disability, central sensitization, and kinesiophobia, in addition to mild anxiety, hopelessness, and ruminant thoughts. No significant association was observed between the Val66Met polymorphism and the variables analyzed. Besides, there was no relationship between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism with CSI, catastrophization, or disabilities that were generated by CLBP.

Conclusion
The results showed that the Val66Met polymorphism of the BDNF gene was not associated with clinical and biopsychosocial characteristics of CLBP in the sample studied.
Chlorpyrifos and other pesticide exposure and suspected developmental delay in children aged under 5 years: a case-control study in Phitsanulok, Thailand
Authors: Juntarawijit Yuwayong , Chaichanawirote Uraiwan , Rakmeesri Paphada , Chairattanasakda Punaphop , Pumyim Varintorn , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: May 2021

Background: Developmental delay among children under 5 years of age is a serious global public health problem and much research has been carried out to find potential causes. Pesticides - especially organophosphates - are suspected to be one of the main causes of the problem. This study aimed to investigate the association between pesticide use by the mother during pregnancy and preschool children development using a case-control study.Methods: Data on prenatal and postnatal pesticide exposure of 442 children with suspected developmental delay, and 413 controls with normal development were included for analysis. The children were matched for gender, age, and residency. Data on pesticide exposure were collected via interview with the mother, and data on pregnancy outcomes abstracted from hospital records. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly increased the risk of developmental delay with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.71 (95% CI 1.03-13.36) for ever use of the pesticide, and an OR of 5.92 (95% CI 1.01-34.68) for postnatal exposure (p <0.05). Some other pesticides also had a positive association with developmental delay but none were statistically significant (p <0.05). Those pesticides were insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, and molluscicide. Individual pesticides with a positive association were glyphosate, paraquat, butachlor, methyl parathion (pholidon), savin, methomyl, endosulfan, carbosulfan, methamidophos, monochrotofos, mancozeb, and bordeaumixture.Conclusions: This case-control study found that chlorpyrifos and some other pesticide exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with developmental delay in children aged under 5 years. Further research should be conducted to better understand this potential effect of pesticides on child neurodevelopment, and the public - especially those who plan to have families - should be informed.
Nutrient loading and farm characteristics of giant gourami fish aquaculture systems in Lake Maninjau, Indonesia: basic knowledge of production performance
Authors: Syandri Hafrijal , Azrita Azrita , Sumiarsih Eni , undefined Elfiondri 
Published: May 2021

Background Aquaculture systems for giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lacepède (1801), have significantly improved fish production yields and food security in Indonesia. However, these systems also cause serious problems in terms of eutrophication in waterbodies. This study analysed the nutrient loading and farm characteristics of giant gourami in floating cages in Lake Maninjau. Method A total of 20 floating cages were used to record these nutrients in feed supply, female and male juvenile fish, dead fish and harvested fish to estimate nutrient loading. Data on the harvested fish, production cycle, stock number and cage capacity were used to estimate the stocking density, feeding rate, feed efficiency, and net fish yield, and the relationship between feed supply and nutrient loading and farm characteristics was analysed by least squares regression methods. Results A total of 20 floating cages released nutrients into waterbodies at an average rate of 236.27±60.44 kg/cycle for C, 84.52±20.86 kg/cycle for N and 8.70±3.63 kg/cycle for P. On average, fish production for each floating cage (±SD) was 1226±282 kg wet weight/cycle, and the net fish yield was 12.63±2.82 kg/m3/cycle. Survival rates ranged from 86.33 to 95.27%/cycle. The production cycles varied from 160 to 175 days with feed conversion ratios between 1.60 and 1.75, feed conversion efficiencies were between 0.58 and 0.63. The production parameters that had strong relationships with the net fish yield were feed supply (r2=0.960), stocking rates (r2=0.924) and feeding rates (r2=0.961). In contrast, the length of the production cycle was not strongly related to the net fish yield (r2=0.187). Conclusion Nutrient loading from the supplied feed was greater than that from the harvested fish, juvenile fish and dead fish. Increasing the net fish yield in floating cages was better predicted by the stocking densities and feeding levels than by the other factors.
General public’s knowledge and practices on face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional exploratory survey from Dharan, Nepal
Authors: Alam Kadir , Palaian Subish , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Jha Nisha 
Published: May 2021

Background: Facemasks are considered a cheap, effective, and safe method to control the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This study assessed the knowledge and practice of face mask use amongst the Nepalese public during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-developed, validated questionnaire (Cronbach alpha 0.556) was conducted in Dharan, Nepal during May 2020. Pharmacists from ten pharmacies throughout Dharan city administered and recorded responses from a selected sample, stratified across age, gender, education, and place of residence. Completed questionnaires were entered in SPSS, coded, and normality tested using a one-sample K-S test. Demographic characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Median scores among subgroups were compared using inferential statistics. Descriptive analyses were performed for demographic parameters and inferential statistics for outcome variables, calculating median scores among subgroups which were further compared using non-parametric tests at alpha=0.05. Results: 381 individuals participated - 211 males (55.4%) and 170 females (44.6%) . 93 (24.5%) respondents were between 20-30 years of age and three (0.8%) were over 70. 200 (52.5%) participants were educated between classes VIII to XII; seven (1.8%) having postgraduate education. 129 (33.9%) participants were from hill tribes. Knowledge scores were high (median score 16; maximum score 18). Around 20% of participants had never used a face mask before the pandemic; most knew about the ongoing pandemic (80%), about washing hands before using a mask (92.6%), and covering the mouth and nose (78.7%), Under half knew to avoid touching the mask while wearing it (42.3%). Knowledge scores were higher among men (p=0.038), younger age groups (p=0.010), and those with greater education (p=0.048). Conclusion: Knowledge was good, and the public were aware of the proper use of face masks. Educational interventions could be targeted to those with lesser knowledge, and steps to promote sustained face mask use could be beneficial.
Interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born moderate to late preterm: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Agyeman-Duah Josephine , Kennedy Stephen , O'Brien Frances , Natalucci Giancarlo 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Prematurity (birth before 37+0 weeks’ gestation) is associated with wide-ranging neurodevelopmental impairment. Prognosis among moderate to late (32+0 to <37+0 weeks’ gestation) preterm infants (MLPT) is better compared to their counterparts born very preterm (<32+0 weeks’ gestation). However the risk of developmental impairment among MLPT, who make up about 84% of all preterm infants, is 2-3 times higher when compared to infants born at term. Early interventions have aimed to improve outcomes in preterm infants generally, but there are limited data on their need and effect in MLPT specifically. Prioritising research, long-term follow-up and early interventions targeted at ameliorating the impact of preterm birth among MLPT is required. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review of the type of early childhood interventions (from birth until 4 years of age) offered to MLPT children and to evaluate their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor) as assessed in these children during childhood (until 18 years of age). Methods and analysis: A systematic literature search in Web of Science, Medline Ovid, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE will be conducted. Data on MLPT children receiving developmental interventions until the age of 4 years will be evaluated. Interventions may involve parents or primary caregivers. Primary outcomes are cognitive, neurobehavioural and motor development as measured from birth until the age of 18 years. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to evaluate the methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) included in the review and will be graded as low, high or unclear risk of bias. The quality of non-RCTs will be evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The quality of evidence for each outcome will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Approach. Publication and reporting bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and funnel plots respectively.
Theory of change: Drama and arts-based community engagement for malaria research and elimination in Cambodia
Authors: Ean Mom , Sanann Nou , Callery James J. , Pell Christopher , Peto Thomas J. , Tripura Rupam , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: May 2021

Background: Across the Greater Mekong Sub-region, malaria persists in isolated communities along international borders. Arts and drama have been used to reach to communities in Cambodia to engage them in malaria research, prevention and control. The “Village Drama Against Malaria” (VDAM) project was conducted in north eastern and western Cambodia: Stung Treng; Battambang and Pailin provinces during 2016 to 2019. In total, VDAM reached 55 rural villages, 2,378 student participants and 43,502 audience members. Methods: This article presents the results of two stakeholder-led evaluation workshops in which participants collaboratively developed theories of change to better understand the potential and actual impact of arts and drama-based activities on malaria in these communities. The workshops had a particular focus on identifying areas for monitoring and evaluation so that impact can be measured. Workshop participants included village malaria workers, community leaders, professional and student drama performers, and representatives from the local health authorities and the national malaria control programme. Results: Five broad areas were identified as relevant for monitoring and evaluation: logistical and practical challenges; embeddedness and reach of engagement; health knowledge and confidence of young people; effectiveness of communications; impact on malaria. These areas align well with the monitoring and evaluation conducted to date and point to additional opportunities for data collection. Conclusions: The findings from these workshops will inform future engagement strategies, for example, we may engage a smaller number of young people but over a longer period and more in-depth.
Phase noise reduction of a 2  µm passively mode-locked laser through hybrid III-V/silicon integration
Authors: Li Xiang , Sia Jia Xu Brian , Wang Wanjun , Qiao Zhongliang , Guo Xin , Ng Geok Ing , Zhang Yu , Niu Zhichuan , Tong Cunzhu , Wang Hong , Liu Chongyang 
Published: May 2021

Passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers are promising for a wide variety of chip-scale high-speed and high-capacity applications. However, the phase noise/timing jitter of such light sources are normally high, which restricts their applications. A simple and low-cost chip-scale solution to address this issue is highly desired. In this work, a two-section GaSb-based passively mode-locked laser (MLL) emitting in the 2 µm wavelength band with a fundamental repetition frequency of

∼

13.35

G
H
z

is presented. Dramatic phase noise reduction is achieved through its hybrid integration with a silicon photonic circuit which provides chip-scale optical feedback to the MLL. Under a fixed laser bias condition, more than

50

×

improvement of radio frequency linewidth to sub-kilohertz level is realized by carefully adjusting the feedback strength (via a p-i-n junction-based variable optical attenuator) and optical length of the feedback loop (via integrated heater on the silicon waveguide). The phase noise reaches

−

113

d
B
c

/

H
z

at 1 MHz offset with integrated timing jitters of 274 fs (100 kHz to 100 MHz) and 123 fs (4 to 80 MHz). At the same time, the pulse-to-pulse jitter reaches as low as 7.8 fs/cycle. These values are record low for 2 µm passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers. Our results prove the feasibility of MLL noise reduction with the chip-scale hybrid III-V/silicon integration method, bringing low-noise light sources to the silicon platform. Moreover, this work also suggests the potential miniaturization of various other functional setups with the same method.
Numerical estimation of the torsional stiffness characteristics on urban Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) vehicle design
Authors: Ary Angga Kengkongan , Sanjaya Yuwana , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Imaduddin Fitrian , Nordin Nur Azmah Binti , Istanto Iwan , Cho Joung Hyung 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) is an international competition among university students that involves designing, building, and driving energy-efficient cars. The car frame is the most crucial aspect influencing the strength of the car. This research aims to obtain maximum torsional strength with variations in the material and thickness of the frame. Calculation and testing are done using the simulation method to obtain a strong car frame. This simulation method is calculated by a series of finite element analyses. Then, data from the simulation method are obtained in the form of deformation and safety factors. By comparing the moment received with its deformation, torsional stiffness is then obtained. Furthermore, the torsional stiffness is divided by the weight to produce a value ratio. It is known that the factor which has the most significant influence on the difference in torsional stiffness of each variation is the shear modulus of the material used. In contrast, the weight of the chassis is influenced by the density of the material and the thickness of the chassis. Additionally, the safety factor of each variation is strongly influenced by the strength of the chassis structure itself. The results of this study will demonstrate the car frame design with the best performance.
Crystal structure of [aqua-(4-iodopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato-κ3
O,N,O′)-(1,10-phenanothroline-κ2
N,N′)copper(II)] dihydrate, C19H16O7N3CuI
Authors: Lv Benlian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
C19H16O7N3CuI, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.5772(2) Å, b = 17.3473(3) Å, c = 18.8445(3) Å, Z = 8, V = 4111.50(12) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0310, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0775, T = 289 K.
On the Syntax of FrenchQu’est-ce queClauses and Related Constructions
Authors: Pollock Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the Romance domain, French is unique in having homophonous interrogative, exclamative and relative constructions sharing the sameQue+est+ce+questring. The main goal of this article is to shed light on this enigmatic sequence. It will do so by investigating the rarely studied syntax ofque, combienandce queexclamatives and relatives and will show that the sequence initialQuein theirQue+est+ce+quecounterparts is the covert duplicate of the subsequent exclamative and relative (ce+)queclauses. The article extends the main features of this analysis to allQui, quand, où,…+est-ce quequestions by showing that thece questring followingestin such questions is to be analysed, despite the spelling conventions of Modern French, as the complex complementiser of headless relatives. As the article proceeds, various questions concerning the syntax of similar clauses in other Romance languages are raised and the uniqueness of French is argued to be tied to the defective properties ofestin these three constructions. Finally, its appendix extends and shows the fruitfulness of Kayne's ideas concerning thece quecomplex determiner.
Analogical Levelling in the Majorcan Catalan Demonstrative System
Authors: Todisco Emanuela , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , R. Coventry Kenny 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDemonstratives are cross-linguistically widespread expressions. The use of demonstratives is flexible due to their semantic elasticity, which allows them to describe more or less extensive regions or referents in a communicative scenario. The constant remapping between demonstratives and referents might lead to a restructuring of the deictic system itself in accordance with the parameters affecting its use. To that end, we analyzed the structural changes affecting demonstratives in Majorcan Catalan by analysing whether speakers use three or two terms (aquest/aqueix/aquellvs.aquest/aquell) to convey spatial information. We also assessed whether any change in the adnominal/pronominal forms mirrored locative adverbs reduction. We elicited the production of demonstratives in 36 simultaneous Majorcan/Spanish bilinguals via a psycholinguistic experiment and we found two main results. First, simultaneous bilingual speakers do not extensively use the termaqueixto convey information related to physical distance. Second, the pronominal/adnominal reduction from three- to two-terms differs from the adverbial reduction. In the first case,aqueixis dropping out of the system, while locative adverbs present a shift with substitution ofaçíforaquí. Overall, our results shed new light on how the Majorcan Catalan demonstrative system is structured and explain structural changes in terms of ‘analogical levelling’ in paradigmatic relations.
Word Prosody in Lung’Ie: One System or Two?
Authors: Agostinho Ana Lívia , Hyman Larry M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCreole languages have generally not figured prominently in cross-linguistic studies of word-prosodic typology. In this paper, we present a phonological analysis of the prosodic system of Lung’Ie or Principense (ISO 639-3 code: pre), a Portuguese-lexifier creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe. Lung’Ie has produced a unique result of the contact between the two different prosodic systems common in creolization: a stress-accent lexifier and tone language substrates. The language has a restrictive privative H/Ø tone system, in which the /H/ is culminative, but non-obligatory. Since rising and falling tones are contrastive on long vowels, the tone must be marked underlyingly. While it is clear that tonal indications are needed, Lung’Ie reveals two properties more expected of an accentual system: (i) there can only be one heavy syllable per word; (ii) this syllable must bear a H tone. This raises the question of whether syllables with a culminative H also have metrical prominence, i.e. stress. However, the problem with equating stress with H tone is that Lung’Ie has two kinds of nouns: those with a culminative H and those which are toneless. The nouns with culminative H are 87% of Portuguese origin, incorporated through stress-to-tone alignment, while the toneless ones are 92% of African origin. Although other creole languages have been reported with split systems of “accented” vs. fully specified tonal lexemes, and others with mixed systems of tone and stress, Lung’Ie differs from these cases in treating African origin words as toneless, a quite surprising result. We consider different analyses and conclude that Lung’Ie has a privative /H/ tone system with the single unusual stress-like property of weight-to-tone.
Simple Monotransitive and Complex Dative Alternation Predicates in Spanish Monolingual Child Acquisition Data
Authors: Sánchez Calderón Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work analyzes the acquisition of simple and complex constructions in Spanish monolingual children’s data. It examines the emergence and the role played by adult input in child production of simple monotransitive constructions when compared to two types of complex predicates that undergo dative alternation (DA), namely, a/para-datives and dative-clitic doubled (DCLD) structures. In order to shed light on these issues, we have analyzed data from Spanish monolingual children and from the adults that they interact with, as available in CHILDES (MacWhinney, Brian. 2000. The CHILDES project: Tools for analyzing talk [Dataset], 3rd edn. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum. http://childes.talkbank.org (accessed 20 October 2019)). The results show that there is an order in the onset of simple and complex predicate constructions, as reflected in the earlier emergence of monotransitives when compared to DA constructions. The latter also show a subsequent order of first occurrence, namely, DCLDs before a/para-datives. Thus, the degree of syntactic complexity seems to have played a role in the acquisition of simple and complex constructions, as measured by the number of Case assignment relations between the verb and its internal argument(s). Moreover, the differences in the Spanish monolingual children’s incidence of the three structures under analysis do not appear to be explained by the relative frequency of exposure in the adult input.
Statistical Test of Two Taguchi Six-Sigma Quality Indices to Select the Supplier with Optimal Processing Quality
Authors: Chang Tsang-Chuan , Chen Kuen-Suan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Because of rapid changes in consumer needs, diverse and small-batch production has become a crucial strategy for companies progressing toward sustainability in intensely competitive industries. To swiftly meet the diverse needs of consumers using this production strategy, often manufacturers must outsource noncore processes to external contractors or purchase component parts from suppliers. The objective of this article was to develop a supplier selection model based on the processing quality of suppliers. Owing to the fact that the Taguchi Six-Sigma quality index for process with nominal-the-best specification (Qpm) can fully reflect product loss and the achieved quality level for the quality characteristic of the process in question, Qpm is employed as a tool to assess and compare the processing quality level of two-sided specification limits provided by each supplier. In practice, Qpm is based on the sample data collected from a stable process to estimate prior to the processing quality assessment. This can lead to misjudgment because of sampling error. To increase the reliability of supplier selection, we further propose hypothesis testing of the quality index Qpm for two suppliers. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model is validated using an example involving the double-sided grinding process of a bicycle disc brake.