bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of non-acute bronchial asthma according to allergy and eosinophil characteristics: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Yi , An Ruoli , Cheng Li , Yue Qianru , Zhang Hanwei , Zhang Yali , Kong Xiaomei , Ma Hongxia , Chen Fang , Guo Yufeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundInvestigating the endotypes of the different asthma phenotypes would help disease monitoring, prognosis determination, and improving asthma management standardization. This study aimed to classify asthma into four endotypes according to the allergic and eosinophilic characteristics and explore the phenotypes (clinical characteristics, pulmonary functions, and fractional expired nitric oxide (FeNO)) of each endotype.MethodsThis retrospective study included non-acute asthma patients treated at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (05/2016–01/2018). The patients were classified into the eosinophilic allergic, eosinophilic non-allergic, non-eosinophilic allergic, and non-eosinophilic non-allergic asthma endotypes. Serum sIgE, lung function, FeNO, and induced sputum cytology were tested and compared among groups.ResultsOf the 171 included patients, 22 had eosinophilic allergic asthma, 17 had eosinophilic non-allergic asthma, 66 had non-eosinophilic allergic asthma, and 66 had non-eosinophilic non-allergic asthma. Lung function measurements (FEV1%, FEF25%, FEF50%, FEF75%, and FEF25–75%) showed that airway dysfunction was worse in eosinophilic non-allergic asthma than in the other three endotypes (all P < 0.001). In allergic asthma patients, eosinophilic asthma had worse airway dysfunction than non-eosinophilic asthma (all P < 0.05). Similar results were found in non-allergic asthma (all P < 0.01). The FeNO levels in eosinophilic allergic asthma were higher than in eosinophilic non-allergic and non-eosinophilic non-allergic asthma (both P = 0.001).ConclusionsFeNO can objectively reflect eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Endotypic classification of asthma patients regarding the allergic and eosinophilic characteristics is conducive to the effective management of patients with asthma.
Understanding PI-QUAL for prostate MRI quality: a practical primer for radiologists
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Kirkham Alex , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Papoutsaki Marianthi-Vasiliki , Punwani Shonit , Emberton Mark , Moore Caroline M. , Allen Clare 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProstate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of high diagnostic quality is a key determinant for either detection or exclusion of prostate cancer. Adequate high spatial resolution on T2-weighted imaging, good diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences of high signal-to-noise ratio are the prerequisite for a high-quality MRI study of the prostate. The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score was created to assess the diagnostic quality of a scan against a set of objective criteria as per Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System recommendations, together with criteria obtained from the image. The PI-QUAL score is a 1-to-5 scale where a score of 1 indicates that all MR sequences (T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences) are below the minimum standard of diagnostic quality, a score of 3 means that the scan is of sufficient diagnostic quality, and a score of 5 implies that all three sequences are of optimal diagnostic quality. The purpose of this educational review is to provide a practical guide to assess the quality of prostate MRI using PI-QUAL and to familiarise the radiologist and all those involved in prostate MRI with this scoring system. A variety of images are also presented to demonstrate the difference between suboptimal and good prostate MR scans.
Third time recurrent Boerhaave’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: Zeyara Adam , Jeremiasen Martin , Åkesson Oscar , Falkenback Dan , Hermansson Michael , Johansson Jan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Effort rupture of the esophagus or Boerhaave’s syndrome is a rare entity, and prognosis is largely dependent on early diagnosis and treatment. Recurrent effort ruptures are very rare, only reported in a few case reports in English literature. We present a case with a third time effort rupture, and to the best of our knowledge there are no such previous publications. Furthermore, the presented case is also distinct because each episode was treated by different methods, reflecting the pathophysiology of recurrent disease as well as the last decade’s advancements in the management of esophageal perforations in our clinic and globally.

Case presentation
The patient is a 60-year-old White male, suffering from alcohol abuse, mild reflux esophagitis, and a history of effort esophageal ruptures on two previous occasions. He was now admitted to our ward once again because of a third bout of Boerhaave’s syndrome. The first time, 10 years ago, he was managed by thoracotomy and laparotomy with primary repair, and the second time, 5 years ago, by transhiatal mediastinal drainage through a laparotomy and endoscopic stent placement. Now he was successfully managed by endovascular vacuum-assisted closure therapy alone.

Conclusions
Recurrent cases of Boerhaave’s syndrome are very rare, and treatment must be tailored individually. The basic rationale is, however, no different from primary disease: (1) early diagnosis, (2) adequate drainage of extraesophageal contamination, and (3) restoration of esophageal integrity. Recurrent disease is usually contained and exceptionally suitable for primary endoscopic treatment. To cover the full panorama and difficult nature of complex esophageal disease, endoscopic modalities such as stent placement and endovascular vacuum-assisted closure, as well as the capacity for prompt extensive surgical interventions such as esophagectomy, should be readily accessible within every modern esophageal center.
Postpartum maternal collapse—a first-time presentation of severe mitral stenosis: a case report
Authors: Fessehaye Abraham , Tafere Yared Teshome , Abate Desalegn Degafu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Among cardiac causes for postpartum maternal collapse, severe mitral stenosis is not listed as a potential cause in current literature. We report a rare case of severe mitral stenosis that presented with severe hypoxia and maternal decompensation in early postpartum period for the first time.

Case summary
A 30-year-old para 2, abortus 1, Ethiopian woman developed severe hypoxia and rapid deterioration on her sixth postoperative day after cesarean delivery for fetal bradycardia with a good fetal outcome. She was put on a mechanical ventilator when she developed respiratory failure. Initially, a diagnosis of pulmonary embolus was considered. After admission to the intensive care unit, severe mitral stenosis was diagnosed with the help of echocardiography. She was managed successfully for congestive heart failure and discharged from the intensive care unit with improvement.

Conclusion
The possibility of mitral stenosis, as a differential diagnosis, should be considered whenever a case of postpartum maternal collapse is encountered. We recommend a routine immediate echocardiography in any patient that experiences postpartum collapse, especially in the presence of a known trigger for heart failure such as long hours of labor, bleeding, anemia, hypotension, and infection.
Abdominal actinomycosis mimicking a transverse colon malignancy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pamathy Gnanaselvam , Jayarajah Umesh , Gamlaksha Dayal Sathyajith , Constantine Roshana , Banagala Anura S. K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundActinomycosis is a rare inflammatory bacterial disease caused byActinomycesspecies which can infrequently affect the large intestine. Disseminated actinomycosis is reported as a rare complication associated with intrauterine devices. We report a case of intra-abdominal actinomycosis mimicking a transverse colon malignancy.Case presentationA previously healthy 40-year-old Sinhalese woman was evaluated for intermittent colicky left-sided abdominal pain for 2 months’ duration. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a circumferential thickening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen of the descending colon with evidence of extraluminal extension to the adjacent parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall suggestive of a stage IV neoplasm. An exploratory laparotomy with extended left hemicolectomy was performed. Macroscopic evaluation revealed a mass lesion with multiple abscesses attached to the transverse and descending colon. Histology was suggestive of actinomycosis with no evidence of malignancy.ConclusionsAbdominal actinomycosis should be considered in a young patient with chronic abdominal pain. It should be understood that the presentation may be vague and highly variable. Computed tomography-guided biopsy/fine needle aspiration or laparoscopy and biopsy may be useful in arriving at a diagnosis and can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention.
Primary Epstein–Barr virus infection shortly after primary Cytomegalovirus infection: a case report
Authors: Koyama Katsumasa , Anno Takatoshi , Urano Takashi , Shigemoto Ryo , Irie Shintaro , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kawanaka Miwa , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Kaneto Hideaki , Tomoda Koichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Infectious mononucleosis (IM) and mononucleosis-like illnesses are common viral infectious diseases which are often accompanied by a high fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy in adults, although such infection in childhood is generally subclinical. Most cases of IM are caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) or Cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, it is difficult to diagnose IM only with subjective symptoms, and thus EBV and CMV are nearly indistinguishable in clinical practice.

Case presentation
A 20-year-old healthy Japanese woman had a 2-day history of high fever and consulted us. She had sex for the first time 6 months earlier. Her virus antibodies showed that she was infected with primary CMV. About 5 months later, she again experienced high fever and lymph node enlargement at the posterior cervical region. Her virus antibodies showed that she was infected with primary EBV at that time.

Conclusion
Herein, we report a healthy adult Japanese woman with primary EBV infection relatively soon after primary CMV infection. It is very interesting to compare the symptoms and/or clinical data after EBV and CMV infection in the same patient within a short period of time. Our patient was diagnosed based only on subjective symptoms, physical examination and laboratory data, without tests of such virus-related antibodies. Therefore, clinicians should bear in mind that primary EBV infection and/or primary CMV infection is possible when patients have symptoms such as high fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy, even in healthy adults.
Ultrasound enhances the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells wrapped in greater omentum for aristolochic acid nephropathy
Authors: Yang Yuanjun , Geng Xiaodong , Chi Kun , Liu Chao , Liu Ran , Chen Xiangmei , Hong Quan , Cai Guangyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to promote regeneration in both subjects with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their efficacy remains limited, probably because most of the cells accumulate in the lungs, liver, and spleen after an intravenous infusion. Therefore, ultrasound-guided administration of MSCs represents a possible approach to solve this problem. The greater omentum is used to promote cell survival due to its rich vasculature. We hypothesized that ultrasound-guided administration of MSCs combined with greater omentum might be more curative than currently available approaches.

Methods
In this study, we established an aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) model by intraperitoneally administering aristolochic acid I sodium salt (AA-I) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight on alternate days for 4 weeks. Subsequently, a laparotomy was performed, and the left kidney from which the capsule had been removed was wrapped with the greater omentum. A dose of 2 × 107 MSCs was injected into the space between the greater omentum and the left kidney. Equal amounts of MSCs were administered under ultrasound guidance every second week for a total of 4 treatments. Mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after surgery. Serum creatinine and blood urea levels were measured to assess renal function. qPCR, Western blot, and histological analyses were conducted to further investigate the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs.

Results
Ultrasound-guided injection of MSCs into the greater omentum that surrounds the kidney enriched cells in the kidney region for up to 5 days. Renal function tests indicated that MSCs improved renal function to a great extent, as reflected by decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. In addition, histological analyses showed that MSCs noticeably attenuated kidney injury, as evidenced by the amelioration of tubular necrosis and peritubular interstitial fibrosis. Mitigation of renal interstitial fibrosis was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and western blotting after MSC treatment. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining revealed that MSCs alleviated inflammatory responses by increasing the counts of CD206+ cells and decreasing the counts of CD68+ cells. MSC migration was initiated in response to AA-I-treated renal epithelial cells in an in vitro migration assay.

Conclusions
These findings suggested that administration of MSCs into the cavity formed by the injured kidney and the greater omentum under ultrasound guidance improved renal function, attenuated kidney injury, and mitigated renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory responses. Thus, this approach might be a safe and effective therapy for CKD.
The implications of herd entrustment practice for the sustainable use of cattle genetic resources in the (agro)-pastoral systems of West Africa: A case study from Benin
Authors: Vanvanhossou Sèyi Fridaïus Ulrich , Koura Ivan Bossima , Dossa Luc Hippolyte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWest African (agro)-pastoralists have been increasingly using extra-household labour for the management of their cattle herds. This paper seeks to identify the factors influencing cattle owners’ decision to entrust their animals and to analyse the effects of the entrustment practice on the management and sustainable use of the animal genetic diversity within herds. Two hundred and eleven cattle farmers, including absentee-owners (n = 90) who entrusted their animals to professional herders, and owner-managers (n = 121) who look themselves after their cattle, were randomly selected and surveyed in Boukombe district in northwest Benin, the origin of the West African shorthorn Somba cattle breed. Households' socio-economic data and information on herds’ characteristics and management practices were collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The binary logistic regression technique was used to predict the adoption of entrustment by a given farmer in function of his herd’s and household's socio-economic characteristics. Effective population sizes and inbreeding rates for the communal non-entrusted and entrusted Somba populations were estimated and compared. The results revealed that the mode of acquisition of the initial stock, the total livestock units owned and the farmer’s ethnicity were the most important determinants of entrustment. The Somba indigenous cattle breed was threatened in entrusted herds by indiscriminate cross-breeding with Zebus. However, the non-entrusted population appeared to be more exposed to high inbreeding risks. While entrustment represents a good alternative for the efficient use of family labour, adequate strategies are needed to support this practice and encourage herd managers to adopt improved husbandry practices and sound breeding strategies.
McDonald versus Shirodkar cerclage technique in women requiring a prophylactic cerclage: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Issah Ashad , Diacci Rosanna , Williams Kimberley P. , Aubin Anne-Marie , McAuliffe Liam , Phung Jason , Wang Carol , Maouris Panos , Pennell Craig E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of death in children under five years. Spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) is the major cause of preterm delivery. The key risk factors for SPTB are women who have a short cervix and women who have had previous preterm birth. Cervical cerclage has been used for several decades and has shown to decrease rates of preterm birth. The most commonly used cerclage techniques were described by Shirodkar and McDonald, with no current consensus on the preferred technique. The objective of this review is to determine and compare the effectiveness of both techniques.MethodsStudies will be sourced from six electronic databases, as well as from experts in the field, reference lists, and grey literature. Eligible studies will include pregnant women, with a singleton or twin pregnancy, requiring a cervical cerclage, using either the Shirodkar or McDonald technique and run comparative analyses between the two techniques. Randomized control trials (RCT)s, non-randomized control trials, and cohort studies will be eligible. Two independent reviewers will conduct study screening at abstract and full-text level, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Discrepancies will be resolved by a consensus third reviewer if required. Fixed-effects or random-effects models will be used where appropriate to synthesize results. Alternative synthesis methods will be investigated in instances where a meta-analysis is not appropriate, such as summarizing effect estimates, combiningPvalues, vote counting based on direction of effect, or synthesis in narrative form.DiscussionThis review will synthesize the evidence on both the Shirodkar and McDonald cerclage method, and will help clinicians and health services to determine and deliver best practice antenatal care that has the potential to make an impact on preterm birth.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO on 25 of May, 2020 with registration numberCRD42020177386
Global bifurcation and constant sign solutions of discrete boundary value problem involving p-Laplacian
Authors: Ye Fumei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the unilateral global bifurcation result for the one-dimensional discrete p-Laplacian problem $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta [\varphi _{p}(\Delta u(t-1))]=\lambda a(t)\varphi _{p}(u(t))+g(t,u(t), \lambda ),\quad t\in [1,T+1]_{Z}, \\ \Delta u(0)=u(T+2)=0, \end{cases} $$

{

−
Δ
[

φ
p

(
Δ
u
(
t
−
1
)
)
]
=
λ
a
(
t
)

φ
p

(
u
(
t
)
)
+
g
(
t
,
u
(
t
)
,
λ
)
,

t
∈

[
1
,
T
+
1
]

Z

,

Δ
u
(
0
)
=
u
(
T
+
2
)
=
0
,

where $\Delta u(t)=u(t+1)-u(t)$
Δ
u
(
t
)
=
u
(
t
+
1
)
−
u
(
t
)
is a forward difference operator, $\varphi _{p}(s)=|s|^{p-2}s$

φ
p

(
s
)
=

|
s
|

p
−
2

s
($1< p<+\infty $
1
<
p
<
+
∞
) is a one-dimensional p-Laplacian operator. λ is a positive real parameter, $a: [1,T+1]_{Z}\to [0,+\infty )$
a
:

[
1
,
T
+
1
]

Z

→
[
0
,
+
∞
)
and $a(t_{0})>0$
a
(

t
0

)
>
0
for some $t_{0}\in [1,T+1]_{Z}$

t
0

∈

[
1
,
T
+
1
]

Z

, $g :[1,T+1]_{Z}\times \mathbb{R}^{2}\to \mathbb{R}$
g
:

[
1
,
T
+
1
]

Z

×

R
2

→
R
satisfies the Carathéodory condition in the first two variables. We show that $(\lambda _{1},0)$
(

λ
1

,
0
)
is a bifurcation point of the above problem, and there are two distinct unbounded continua $\mathscr{C}^{+}$

C
+

and $\mathscr{C}^{-}$

C
−

, consisting of the bifurcation branch $\mathscr{C}$
C
from $(\lambda _{1},0)$
(

λ
1

,
0
)
, where $\lambda _{1}$

λ
1

is the principal eigenvalue of the eigenvalue problem corresponding to the above problem. Let $T>1$
T
>
1
be an integer, Z denote the integer set for $m, n\in Z$
m
,
n
∈
Z
with $m< n$
m
<
n
, $[m, n]_{Z}:=\{m, m+1,\ldots , n\}$

[
m
,
n
]

Z

:
=
{
m
,
m
+
1
,
…
,
n
}
.As the applications of the above result, we prove more details about the existence of constant sign solutions for the following problem: $$ \textstyle\begin{cases} -\Delta [\varphi _{p}(\Delta u(t-1))]=\lambda a(t)f(u(t)),\quad t\in [1,T+1]_{Z}, \\ \Delta u(0)=u(T+2)=0, \end{cases} $$

{

−
Δ
[

φ
p

(
Δ
u
(
t
−
1
)
)
]
=
λ
a
(
t
)
f
(
u
(
t
)
)
,

t
∈

[
1
,
T
+
1
]

Z

,

Δ
u
(
0
)
=
u
(
T
+
2
)
=
0
,

where $f\in C(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$
f
∈
C
(
R
,
R
)
with $sf(s)>0$
s
f
(
s
)
>
0
for $s\neq 0$
s
≠
0
.
Solving partial fractional differential equations by using the Laguerre wavelet-Adomian method
Authors: Aghazadeh Nasser , Mohammadi Amir , Ahmadnezhad Ghader , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBy using a nonlinear method, we try to solve partial fractional differential equations. In this way, we construct the Laguerre wavelets operational matrix of fractional integration. The method is proposed by utilizing Laguerre wavelets in conjunction with the Adomian decomposition method. We present the procedure of implementation and convergence analysis for the method. This method is tested on fractional Fisher’s equation and the singular fractional Emden–Fowler equation. We compare the results produced by the present method with some well-known results.
On a nonlinear dynamical system with both chaotic and nonchaotic behaviors: a new fractional analysis and control
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Sajjadi Samaneh Sadat , Jajarmi Amin , Defterli Özlem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to analyze the complicated dynamical motion of a quarter-car suspension system with a sinusoidal road excitation force. First, we consider a new mathematical model in the form of fractional-order differential equations. In the proposed model, we apply the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional operator with exponential kernel. Then to solve the related equations, we suggest a quadratic numerical method and prove its stability and convergence. A deep investigation in the framework of time-domain response and phase-portrait shows that both the chaotic and nonchaotic behaviors of the considered system can be identified by the fractional-order mathematical model. Finally, we present a state-feedback controller and a chaos optimal control to overcome the system chaotic oscillations. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control strategies.
New dynamic Hilbert-type inequalities in two independent variables involving Fenchel–Legendre transform
Authors: El-Deeb A. A. , Rashid Saima , Khan Zareen A. , Makharesh S. D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish some dynamic Hilbert-type inequalities in two independent variables on time scales by using the Fenchel–Legendre transform. We also apply our inequalities to discrete and continuous calculus to obtain some new inequalities as particular cases. Our results give more general forms of several previously established inequalities.