bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variability of T‐wave morphology and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Rahola Janne T. , Kiviniemi Antti M. , Ukkola Olavi H. , Tulppo Mikko P. , Junttila M. Juhani , Huikuri Heikki V. , Kenttä Tuomas V. , Perkiömäki Juha S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe possible relationship between temporal variability of electrocardiographic spatial heterogeneity of repolarization and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not completely understood.MethodsThe standard deviation of T‐wave morphology dispersion (TMD‐SD), of QRST angle (QRSTA‐SD), and of T‐wave area dispersion (TW‐Ad‐SD) were analyzed on beat‐to‐beat basis from 10 min period of the baseline electrocardiographic recording in ARTEMIS study patients with angiographically verified CAD.ResultsAfter on average of 8.6 ± 2.3 years of follow‐up, a total of 66 of the 1,678 present study subjects (3.9%) had experienced SCD or were resuscitated from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). TMD‐SD was most closely associated with the risk for SCD and was significantly higher in patients who had experienced SCD/SCA compared with those who remained alive (3.61 ± 2.83 vs. 2.64 ± 2.52, p = .008, respectively), but did not differ significantly between the patients who had experienced non‐SCD (n = 71, 4.2%) and those who remained alive (3.20 ± 2.73 vs. 2.65 ± 2.53, p = .077, respectively) or between the patients who succumbed to non‐cardiac death (n = 164, 9.8%) and those who stayed alive (2.64 ± 2.17 vs. 2.68 ± 2.58, p = .853). After adjustments with relevant clinical risk indicators of SCD/SCA, TMD‐SD still predicted SCD/SCA (HR 1.107, 95% CIs 1.035–1.185, p = .003).ConclusionsTemporal variability of electrocardiographic spatial heterogeneity of repolarization represented by TMD‐SD independently predicts long‐term risk of SCD/SCA in patients with CAD.
Association between circulating furin levels, obesity and pro‐inflammatory markers in children
Authors: Swärd Per , Rosengren Björn E. , Jehpsson Lars , Karlsson Magnus K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo, in children, investigate the associations between serum furin, obesity, overweight, body fat and circulating markers reflecting adipose tissue or systemic inflammation.MethodsWe analysed furin, leptin, adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein, triglycerides, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8 and C‐reactive protein in serum from 166 children in the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study collected at mean age (SD) 9.9 (0.6) years. Children were classified as low‐to‐normal weight, overweight or obese. Total body fat mass (kg), trunk fat mass (kg) and total body lean mass (kg) were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Body fat percentage (%) was calculated.ResultsWe found that circulating furin levels were higher in children with obesity and overweight compared with children with low‐to‐normal weight (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Also, there were positive correlations between circulating furin, total body fat mass, trunk fat mass, body fat percentage, triglycerides, adipokines and pro‐inflammatory markers.ConclusionThis study indicates associations between furin, adiposity and a pro‐inflammatory milieu in children. We suggest that future studies investigate the role of furin in fat tissue inflammation and associated increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in children. Studies should also investigate whether higher furin levels could be a link between obesity and severe coronavirus disease 2019 in children.
Pharmacist‐led intervention on chronic pain management: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thapa Parbati , Lee Shaun Wen Huey , KC Bhuvan , Dujaili Juman Abdulelah , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Gyawali Sudesh 
Published: January 2021

AimsPharmacists have been contributing to the management of chronic pain, ensuring the quality use of medicine. However, there is diversity in the interventions provided by pharmacists and their impact.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched from inception until June 2020 for articles published in English examining the intervention provided by the pharmacist in chronic pain management. Studies investigating the impact of pharmacist intervention individually or multidisciplinary teams including pharmacists for chronic pain management were included.ResultsFourteen studies (2365 participants) were included in the current review. Six studies were randomized controlled trials while the remainder were observational studies in which pharmacists provided intervention individually or in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Medication review was the most common intervention provided by the pharmacist. The pooled analysis found that pharmacist‐led interventions reduced the pain intensity (−0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.35 to −0.09; moderate certainty) among participants with chronic pain. Opiate stewardship provided by pharmacists was effective; however, mixed results were noted on the impact of the intervention on physical functioning, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Pharmacist intervention was more expensive than treatment as usual.ConclusionsPharmacists contribute substantially to chronic pain management, ensuring the quality use of medicine, resulting in reduced pain intensity. Further studies with rigorous design are needed to measure the impact of pharmacist‐provided intervention individually or in a multidisciplinary team on the economic benefit and other health outcomes.
A regional CO2 containment assessment of the northern Utsira Formation seal and overburden, northern North Sea
Authors: Lloyd Christopher , Huuse Mads , Barrett Bonita J. , Stewart Margaret A. , Newton Andrew M. W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUpscaling Carbon Capture and Storage requires identification of suitable storage sites, with robust reservoir seals. The Utsira Formation in the northern North Sea has been flagged as a target for further storage. However, there are no regional studies of seal variability addressing heterogeneities that could facilitate seal bypass. This study aims to: (a) identify, assess and map the elements that promote or restrict fluid migration, (b) develop a matrix to regionally map containment confidence (CC) and (c) rank the different areas for CO2 containment across the Utsira Formation. The seal and overburden were mapped using a high‐resolution, pre‐stack depth‐migrated 3D broadband seismic reflection dataset and 141 exploration wells. Seal geometry, sandstone presence and sandstone connectivity in the seal and overburden were assigned relative CC scores, which were summed to map overall CC of the Utsira Fm. Indicators for shallow gas and migration were mapped and correlated with the other elements. Areas with the lowest CC are in the west of the Utsira Fm. Here, sandstones within the Seal Interval are connected through the overburden via sandy submarine fans. In the southeast, dipping stratigraphy downlaps onto the Utsira Fm., increasing the potential for connection with glacially‐derived channel‐lobe systems in the overburden. The areas with the highest CC are the central and northeast parts of the Utsira Fm., where the Seal Interval is mudstone‐dominated and parallel to the reservoir, and channel‐lobe systems identified in the Overburden Interval are disconnected from the reservoir. This area coincides with a thick depocentre of the northern Utsira Fm. These results can be used to inform CO2 storage site selection and constrain future CO2 plume simulation analyses for the Utsira Fm. The CC matrix outlined here can also be adapted and applied to regionally assess the containment of other potential CO2 storage reservoirs in any setting.
Plasmodium falciparum FIKK9.1 is a monomeric serine–threonine protein kinase with features to exploit as a drug target
Authors: D. Anil Kumar , Shrivastava Deepti , Sahasrabuddhe Amogh A. , Habib Saman , Trivedi Vishal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFIKK‐9.1 is essential for parasite survival, but its structural and biochemical characterization will enable us to understand its role in the parasite life cycle. The recombinant FIKK9.1 kinase is monomeric with a native molecular weight of 60 ± 1.6 kDa. Structural characterization of FIKK9.1 kinase reveals that it consists of two domains: N‐terminal FHA like domain and C‐terminal kinase domain. The C‐terminal domain has a well‐defined pocket, but it displayed RMSD deviation of 1.38–3.2 Å from host kinases. ITC analysis indicates that ATP binds to the protein with a Kd of 45.6 ± 2.4 µM. Mutational studies confirm the role of Val‐244, Met‐245, Lys‐320, 324, and Glu‐366 for ATP binding. Co‐localization studies revealed FIKK9.1 in the parasite cytosol with a component trafficked to the apicoplast and also to IRBC. FIKK9.1 has 23 pockets to serve as potential docking sites for substrates. Correlation analysis of peptides from the combinatorial library concluded that peptide P277 (MFDFHYTLGPMWGTL) was fitting nicely into the binding pocket. The peptide P277 picked up candidates from parasite and key players from RBC cytoskeleton. Interestingly, FIKK9.1 is phosphorylating spectrin, ankyrin, and band‐3 from RBC cytoskeleton. Our study highlights the structural and biochemical features of FIKK9.1 to exploit it as a drug target.
Oral pyogenic granuloma: An 18‐year retrospective clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ribeiro Jaqueline L. , Moraes Renata M. , Carvalho Bruna F. C. , Nascimento Anderson O. , Milhan Noala V. M. , Anbinder Ana Lia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPyogenic granuloma (PG) is a lesion characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels, commonly affecting the skin and the mouth. We aimed to compare clinical, microscopic, and immunohistochemical features of the two types of oral PG: lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) and non‐LCH (NLCH).MethodsEpidemiological and clinical data from 2000 to 2018 were collected from the archives of our institution, and histopathological sections of PG were reviewed. Immunohistochemical analyses (CD34, D2‐40, SMA, mast cell, and Ki‐67) were performed in 34 cases.ResultsSixty‐two LCH and 107 non‐LCH samples were included. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 38.59 ± 16.96 years; 55.62% were female; 39.64% of cases occurred in the gingiva, 44% of the nodules were pedunculated, and 13.02% of patients reported a history of trauma. NLCH was more prevalent among older patients than LCH. The most prevalent site of LCH was the lips, while NLCH occurred more in the gingiva (P < 0.05). Epithelial atrophy, microvessels, SMA‐positive areas, and Ki‐67‐positive nuclei were more prevalent in LCH (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPG accounted for 2.25% of lesions archived in the pathology service and most cases were NLCH. LCH and NLCH exhibited clinicopathological differences in terms of age, site, epithelial atrophy, vascularization, and proliferation rate.
How intoxicated are you? Investigating self and observer intoxication ratings in relation to blood alcohol concentration
Authors: Monds Lauren A. , Riordan Benjamin C. , Flett Jayde A. M. , Conner Tamlin S. , Haber Paul , Scarf Damian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe ability to accurately detect alcohol intoxication is an important skill for people who use these substances and for a variety of professions (e.g. policing, responsible service of alcohol). Previous studies have found that intoxicated people are generally poor at estimating their own intoxication (particularly at high blood alcohol concentration; BAC) and the relationship between perceived intoxication and BAC appears to flatten at higher BAC levels. Studies of observer ratings of other's intoxication have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study was to investigate both self‐ and observer‐ratings of intoxication against BAC levels to determine whether we observe a similar flattening in intoxication for both self‐ and observer‐rated intoxication.MethodsParticipants were 388 students interviewed outside three university events. Participants provided demographics, a rating of how intoxicated they felt (0 = not at all, 10 = very) and provided an alcohol breath test. Interviewers recorded a rating of how intoxicated the participant appeared to be.ResultsA significant correlation was observed between self‐ and observer‐ratings of intoxication (r = 0.802). We fitted our data with both linear and polynomial regressions. Polynomial regression accounted for more variance when predicting both self‐rated intoxication (R2 = 0.50 vs. R2 = 0.40) and observer‐rated intoxication from BAC (R2 = 0.58 vs. R2 = 0.52), suggesting a flattening for both intoxication ratings.Discussion and ConclusionsBoth self‐rated and observer‐rated intoxication appeared to flatten at higher levels of BAC. This may be due to either tolerance or a ‘ceiling effect’ for observable signs of intoxication.
The effects of development aid on irregular migration to Europe: Deterrence or attraction?
Authors: Restelli Gabriele 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivationResponding to growing immigration concerns in recent years, European countries have claimed to tackle the root causes of migration using development assistance. Some recent analyses find more aid to be associated with lower immigration, providing support to this policy. But these findings rely on measures of regular migration, while donors’ concern is centred on irregular migrants.PurposeThis study tests whether development aid has a deterrent effect on irregular migration to Europe.MethodsAdopting innovative data on irregular migration flows to Europe between 2009 and 2016, a simultaneous equations model accounts for the potential endogeneity of both total and bilateral aid.FindingsThe study finds that total aid does not significantly reduce numbers of migrants apprehended at Europe’s border. Moreover, bilateral aid tends to raise these numbers. The estimated costs for each deterred irregular migrant are high: in the best‐case scenario the range is between USD 150,000 and USD 320,000. The estimated costs to deter regular migrants are even higher, between USD 0.9 million and USD 2.5 million. Both estimates concur with those from previous work. Findings are robust to different aid measures and specifications.Policy implicationsEmpirical results provide no evidence to support the use of development aid to deter migration.
Cutaneous manifestations in Moyamoya angiopathy: A review
Authors: Mitri Fouad , Bersano Anna , Hervé Dominique , Kraemer Markus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purpose: Moyamoya angiopathy (MA) is a progressive cerebrovascular disease with a poorly understood pathophysiology. It is mainly characterized by progressive bilateral stenosis of the terminal intracranial part of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries and the proximal parts of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. This results in early‐onset ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes. The disease may be idiopathic (known as Moyamoya disease) or associated with other heritable or acquired conditions, including type 1 neurofibromatosis or other RASopathies, sickle cell disease, Down syndrome, or autoimmune disorders (known as Moyamoya syndrome). Apart from the brain, other organ manifestations including cutaneous ones have also been described in MA patients.Materials and methods: A literature research on PubMed was performed for articles mentioning the cutaneous association in MA and published between 1994 and October 2020.Conclusion: The present review summarizes the cutaneous associations as well as the coincidental dermatological findings seen in MA patients. Those include changes in the epidermis, dermis, or skin appendages for example café‐au‐lait spots, hypomelanosis of Ito, livedo racemosa, hemangiomas, premature graying of hair, chilblains etc.
Solving the Rubik's cube with stepwise deep learning
Authors: Johnson Colin G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores a novel technique for learning the fitness function for search algorithms such as evolutionary strategies and hillclimbing. The aim of the new technique is to learn a fitness function (called a Learned Guidance Function) from a set of sample solutions to the problem. These functions are learned using a supervised learning approach based on deep neural network learning, that is, neural networks with a number of hidden layers. This is applied to a test problem: unscrambling the Rubik's Cube using evolutionary and hillclimbing algorithms. Comparisons are made with a previous LGF approach based on random forests, with a baseline approach based on traditional error‐based fitness, and with other approaches in the literature. This demonstrates how a fitness function can be learned from existing solutions, rather than being provided by the user, increasing the autonomy of AI search processes.
Freshwater insects CONUS: A database of freshwater insect occurrences and traits for the contiguous United States
Authors: Twardochleb Laura , Hiltner Ethan , Pyne Matthew , Zarnetske Phoebe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMotivationFreshwater insects comprise 60% of freshwater animal diversity; they are widely used to assess water quality, and they provide prey for numerous freshwater and terrestrial taxa. Our knowledge of the distribution of freshwater insect diversity in the USA is incomplete because we lack comprehensive, standardized data on their distributions and functional traits at the scale of the contiguous United States (CONUS). We fill this knowledge gap by presenting Freshwater insects CONUS: A database of freshwater insect occurrences and traits for the contiguous United States. This database includes 2.05 million occurrence records for 932 genera in the major freshwater insect orders, at 51,044 stream locations sampled between 2001 and 2018 by federal and state biological monitoring programmes. Compared with existing open‐access databases, we tripled the number of occurrence records and locations and added records for 118 genera. We also present life‐history, dispersal, morphological and ecological traits and trait affinities (analogous to fuzzy‐coded traits) for 1,007 stream insect genera, assembled from existing databases, reference books and the primary literature. We nearly doubled the number of traits for 11 trait groups and added traits for 180 genera that were not available from open‐access databases. Our database, Freshwater insects CONUS, facilitates the mapping of freshwater insect taxonomic and functional diversity and, when paired with environmental data, will provide a powerful resource for quantifying how the environment shapes stream insect diversity and taxon‐specific distributions.Main types of variables containedGeoreferenced occurrence records and traits for stream insects.Spatial location and grainContiguous United States at a grain of c. 1 m2.Time period and grainOccurrence records from January 2001 to December 2018, with 1‐day temporal resolution. Traits from January 1911 to December 2018.Major taxa and level of measurementGenera from the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Trichoptera.Software format.csv.
Environmental heterogeneity predicts global species richness patterns better than area
Authors: Udy Kristy , Fritsch Matthias , Meyer Katrin M. , Grass Ingo , Hanß Sebastian , Hartig Florian , Kneib Thomas , Kreft Holger , Kukunda Collins B. , Pe’er Guy , Reininghaus Hannah , Tietjen Britta , Tscharntke Teja , van Waveren Clara‐Sophie , Wiegand Kerstin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimIt is widely accepted that biodiversity is influenced by both niche‐related and spatial processes from local to global scales. Their relative importance, however, is still disputed, and empirical tests are surprisingly scarce at the global scale. Here, we compare the importance of area (as a proxy for pure spatial processes) and environmental heterogeneity (as a proxy for niche‐related processes) for predicting native mammal species richness world‐wide and within biogeographical regions.LocationGlobal.Time periodWe analyse a spatial snapshot of richness data collated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.Major taxa studiedAll terrestrial mammal species, including possibly extinct species and species with uncertain presence.MethodsWe applied a spreading dye algorithm to analyse how native mammal species richness changes with area and environmental heterogeneity. As measures for environmental heterogeneity, we used elevation ranges and precipitation ranges, which are well‐known correlates of species richness.ResultsWe found that environmental heterogeneity explained species richness relationships better than did area, suggesting that niche‐related processes are more prevalent than pure area effects at broad scales.Main conclusionsOur results imply that niche‐related processes are essential to understand broad‐scale species–area relationships and that habitat diversity is more important than area alone for the protection of global biodiversity.
Extending the Capture Map Concept to Estimate Discrete and Risk‐Based Streamflow Depletion Potential
Authors: White Jeremy T. , Foster Linzy K. , Fienen Michael N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA popular and contemporary use of numerical groundwater models is to estimate the discrete relation between groundwater extraction and surface‐water/groundwater exchange. Previously, the concept of a “capture map” has been put forward as a means to effectively summarize this relation for decision‐making consumption. While capture maps have enjoyed success in the environmental simulation industry, they are deterministic, ignoring uncertainty in the underlying model. Furthermore, capture maps are not typically calculated in a manner that facilitates analysis of varying combinations of extraction locations and/or reaches. That is, they are typically constructed with focus on a single reach or group of reaches. The former of these limitations is important for conveying risk to decision makers and stakeholders, while the latter is important for decision‐making support related to surface‐water management, where future foci may include reaches that were not the focus of the original capture analysis. Herein, we use the concept of a response matrix to generalize the theory of the capture‐map approach to estimate spatially discrete streamflow depletion potential. We also use first‐order, second‐moment uncertainty estimation techniques with the concept of “risk shifting” to place capture maps and streamflow depletion potential in a stochastic, risk‐based framework. Our approach is demonstrated for an integrated groundwater/surface‐water model of the lower San Antonio River, Texas, USA.