bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sex on Survival Rates of HPV Positive Oropharyngeal Cancers
Authors: Preissner Sally H , Nahles Susanne , Preissner Saskia , Heiland Max , Beck-Broichsitter Benedicta , Koerdt Steffen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) status for the prognosis of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) is discussed controversially. Here, we present an analysis of about 144,969 head and neck cancer cases (ICD-10 codes: C00-C13) with a sub-cohort of 62,775 tumor cases of the oropharynx (C02, C09, C10). To this end, de-identified data from electronic health records (EHRs) of about 40 health care organizations from 30 different countries were used. Odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare outcomes between different cancer entities of neoplasms of the dorsal surface, of the tongue (C02), of tonsils (C09) and of the oropharynx (C10) of females and males with and without HPV infection. To avoid the bias from different age-distributions, the cohorts were balanced using propensity score matching.The 5-year survival rate for HPV positive patients is somewhat better than for HPV negative patients but for age- and sex-balanced cohorts there remains no significant advantage for HPV positive patients (HR 1.126 (0.897-1.413). Looking at the different entities and HPV status for age-matched male and female patients separately, HPV is a significantly positive prognostic factor for females in all entities, whereas for male patients it is only a positive prognostic factor for malignant neoplasms of oropharynx (C10) (HR 1.077 (0.602-1.926)).
Mucosal Immune Responses and Total Carotenoid Content of Juvenile Male Guppy Fish (Poecilia Reticulata) Fed With Different Herbal Supplements ​
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Nesa , Mohammadiazarm Hamid , Azadbakht Fatemeh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this experiment, the influences of dietary garlic, onion, and sweet red pepper meals as herbal supplements were studied on some immunological parameters, total carotenoid content, and growth performance of male guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) in the juvenile stage. The experimental diets were fed to fish as a control (0), and three other diets contained 20 g kg− 1 garlic, or 20 g kg− 1 red onion, and or 20 g kg− 1 sweet red pepper powders. The male guppies with the early weight of 0.642g ± 0.07 were stocked in twelve circular tanks (40 L capacity) at density of 30 fish per tank. Fish were fed to satiation the diets thrice daily. The results showed that dietary herbal additives induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in some mucosal immunological parameters contained alternative complement (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), lysozyme, and total protein compared to control, which were the highest in the group with 20 g kg− 1 garlic powder. Also, various dietary herbal additives resulted in higher (P < 0.05) total carotenoids levels of lateral skin body and caudal fin of fish than control, which were the highest in the group with 20 g kg− 1 sweet red pepper. The growth performance and feeding indices enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) in experimental groups compared to the control. As a result, used herbal supplements had beneficial effects on immunological parameters and total carotenoid content of fish. So, the highest immunity and coloration was obtained separately at 20 g kg− 1 respectively with garlic and sweet red pepper meals.
The Use of Water To Reduce Physiological Infra-Cardiac Tracer Uptake in Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: First Experience in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Nora Anggun , Soeriadi Erwin Affandi , Budiawan Hendra , Kartamihardja Achmad Hussein Sundawa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains an important cause of morbidity and the main global cause of death. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) used in diagnosing and evaluating in myocardial ischemia has been shown to be more cost effective and sensitive than other modalities. Milk is usually used to reduce the physiological uptake by infra-cardiac organs. However, some of our patients were lactose intolerant that can cause diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of water, instead of milk, to reduce the physiological infra-cardiac tracer uptake.MethodsSixty patients were referred to undergo MPI procedure between October 2020 to December 2020. They were divided into 2 groups, first group received 500 mL of milk and the second group received 330 mL of water after MIBI injection. Stress procedure was performed using treadmill with modified Bruce protocol. Image acquisitions were performed 30 minutes after MIBI injection. A semi-quantitative assessment was made by evaluating the myocardial activity and the infra-cardiac tracer uptake. Qualitative assessment was made by determining whether the infra-cardiac tracer uptake interferes the MPI interpretation.ResultsPatients consist of 30 males and 30 females. The age of the patients was between 29 – 80 years old (mean: 53.3). The semi-quantitative and qualitative images were done in both groups. The results showed that, there were no physiological infra-cardiac tracer uptake in both groups, which caused interference.ConclusionsWater is able to reduce physiological infra-cardiac tracer uptake and it can be used in patients with lactose intolerant. Trial registrationNot applicable.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy With X-Ray Free Technique in Morbidlyobese Patients: Outcomes and Skills From A Large High-Volume Stone Management Center
Authors: Xiao Bo , Zeng Xue , Ji Chaoyue , Zhang Gang , Hu Weiguo , Jin Song , Su Boxing , Tang Yuzhe , Li Jianxing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives

This study was performed to investigate the feasibility and safety of complete ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in morbidly obese patients and to introduce the US skills used in a high-volume stone management center.
Methods

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 40 kg/m2 who underwent X-ray-free PNL for treatment of upper urinary tract stones from October 2013 to March 2020. The patients’ demographic information and intraoperative and postoperative parameters were collected and analyzed. Surgical complications were recorded and classified according to the modified Clavien classification system.
Results

In total, 52 patients were included. Their mean BMI was 45.5 kg/m2 (range, 40.3–61.6 kg/m2), and their mean age was 46 years (range, 28–58 years). The mean stone burden was 2.8 cm (range, 2.1–8.8 cm). Thirty-nine patients underwent surgery in the prone position, and the remaining 13 underwent surgery in the lateral position. All procedures were completed successfully with no major intraoperative complications. The mean operative duration was 68 min (range, 38–97 min). The mean time required for establishment of each access was 6.6 min (range, 3.5–14.7 min). No blood transfusion or embolization was needed for any patient. The initial stone-free rate was 80.8% (42/52 patients). Five patients required second-look PNL. Two patients underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The final stone-free rate was 90.4% (47/52 patients).
Conclusions

Complete US-guided PNL was technically feasible and safe in morbidly obese patients. The stone-free rate and complication rate were acceptable and comparable with those in non-obese patients.
Identify Environmental And Health Threats In Unconventional Oil And Gas Violations: Evidence From Pennsylvania Compliance Reports
Authors: Bi Dan , Guo Ju-e , Zhao Erlong , Sun Shaolong , Wang Shouyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
With unconventional oil and gas booming commercial development, its inevitable damage to the environment arouses the vigilance of the public. It is of great necessity both for practitioners and governors, to learn from the history, find the pattern of violations then build a sound production warning system. In this respect, we utilized the “Oil and Gas Compliance Report” from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection from 2000 to 2019. After the preprocessing, a total of 5737 violation records were obtained. Through LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) analysis combined with the decision tree model, our research attained the following conclusions: first, we find that the LDA themes of violations as "Erosion and sediment" and "Water pollution" are key factors for “Failed” enforcement results. Therefore, policymakers and practitioners should pay more attention to these two types of accidents. Second, it is noted that counties are also one of the important features that matter the enforcement results. Third, we need to consider the role of economic punishment dialectically, while it is not a significant feature for successful enforcement results. That is to say, monetary punishment may not necessarily improve the effectiveness of the company’s handling of violations.
In Silico Studies of The Human IAPP In Presence of Osmolytes
Authors: Khan Ashma , Jahan Ishrat , Nayeem Shahid M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The human islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin is secreted along with insulin by pancreatic islets. Under the drastic environmental conditions, amylin can aggregate to form amyloid fibrils. This amyloid plaque of hIAPP in the pancreatic cells is the cause of Type II diabetes. Early stages of amylin aggregates are more cytotoxic than the matured fibrils. Here, we have used the all-atom molecular dynamic simulation to see the effect of water, TMAO, urea and urea:TMAO having ratio 2:1 of different concentrations on the amylin protein. Our study suggest that the amylin protein forms β-sheets in its monomeric form and may cause the aggregation of protein through the residue 13-17 and the C-terminal region. α-helical content of protein increases with an increase in TMAO concentration by decreasing the SASA value of protein, increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonds and on making the short range hydrophobic interactions. Electrostatic potential surfaces shows that hydrophobic groups are buried and configurational entropy of backbone atoms is lesser in presence of TMAO, whereas opposite behaviour is obtained in case of urea. Counteraction effect of TMAO using Kast model towards urea is also observed in ternary solution of urea:TMAO.
Use of Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C Improves Risk Stratification for Mannitol Therapy in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ding Chang , Chen Wei , Zhao Jieyi , Tian Yuan , Luo Huiyang , Chen Jing , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives: An accurate assessment of renal function is key to the hyperosmolar mannitol therapy of patients after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), yet a comprehensive report of this safety concern is not available. This study aims to investigate the risk stratification of patients with ICH receiving mannitol treatment using the measurements of serum creatinine, cystatin C, or both in real-world settings. Methods: This population-based, observational, retrospective study was conducted with patients with an acute ICH admitted to a tertiary care university hospital from October 2010 to December 2018. Admission cystatin C and creatinine levels were measured in serum samples; these data were used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). An eGFR value less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 of body-surface area was considered abnormal. Mannitol doses were recorded by the mean dose range per day (≤50, 51–100, 101–150, and >150 g/day). Results: A total of 1,946 patients (mean age 59 years; 68.6% male) were included in the present analysis. Among patients with abnormal eGFR values calculated from serum creatinine, cystatin C, or both creatinine and cystatin C, moderate-dose (101–150 g/day) and high-dose (>150 g/day) mannitol use were associated with an increased risk of all-cause in-hospital mortality compared with a mannitol dose of ≤50 g/day in analyses adjusted for ICH risk factors. For patients exhibiting normal eGFR values estimated based on serum creatinine and cystatin C, high-dose mannitol administration was also independently associated with death during hospitalization. However, this association was not observed among patients with a normal eGFR derived from combined creatinine and cystatin C measurements. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide encouraging support that eGFR use based on a combination of creatinine and cystatin C measurements for risk stratification among patients with ICH receiving hyperosmolar mannitol treatment in clinical practice.
Getting Lost in the Matrix? On How the Characteristics and Arrangement of Linear Landscape Elements Influence Ecological Connectivity
Authors: Anderson Calum , Travis Justin M. J. , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Crick Humphrey Q. P. , Lancaster Lesley T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
ContextLinear landscape elements (LLEs) such as ditches and hedgerows can increase the ecological connectivity of habitat embedded within agricultural areas by acting as corridors for animal movement. However, we lack knowledge on how the spatial arrangement of LLEs influence dispersal, impeding our ability to offer robust advice on how best to add new LLEs to improve connectivity.ObjectivesTo examine how the width and spatial orientations of LLEs composing an intersecting network might influence connectivity across landscapes.MethodsWe used an individual-based dispersal model to simulate the stochastic movement of small organisms through stylised LLEs of different characteristics. Landscapes were composed of two habitat patches separated by a grid-like network of LLEs composed of two types: 1.) connecting-edges (touching patches on either end) and 2.) transecting-edges (running perpendicular to connecting-edges). By altering the numbers and widths of each LLE type we sought to understand the effect of these variables on inter-patch dispersal rates.ResultsIncreasing the number or width of connecting-edges improved connectivity but, conversely, increasing the number or width of transecting-edges reduced it. The greater freedom of movement offered by increasing numbers of transecting-edges may have inhibited connectivity, as individuals with limited perceptual-range were more likely to become trapped in complex networks and thus fail to navigate to suitable habitat patches.ConclusionsThe orientation of LLEs with respect to landscape resources greatly affects their impact on connectivity. The addition of LLEs to landscapes may decrease their connectivity for small, flightless species if they do not directly channel dispersers toward landscape resources.
Severity, Duration, and Magnitude Regionalization of Standardized Precipitation Index Over Iran During 1993-2016
Authors: Fathian Farshad , Dehghan Zohreh , Vaheddoost Babak 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Drought is a natural phenomenon that has environmental and socio-economical drawbacks. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, human activities are closely linked to the water supply and agricultural water use. Although the consequences of drought are prolonged, immediate actions are needed in practice which urges the continuous need for drought monitoring. The present study addresses a regional frequency analysis (RFA) for extreme drought events including severity, duration, and magnitude over Iran. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) time series with 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 moving averages are determined from 106 meteorological stations for the period 1993-2016. Using Ward’s clustering analysis, the drought characteristics are grouped into different clusters and their homogeneity is confirmed by the heterogeneity measure test based on the L-moment approach. The results of RFA indicate that both generalized Pareto (GP) and Pearson type 3 (PE3) distribution functions are the best-fitted regional models to the most identified homogenous clusters of all three drought characteristics, by which the quantiles of each drought characteristic related to different return periods, T = 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 years, are estimated. The spatial pattern of the drought characteristics for all SPI time scales shows that extreme droughts in terms of severity, duration, and magnitude may occur everywhere in the country regardless of local climate conditions. As such, even humid and rainy regions including northern, northwestern, and western parts of Iran that receive high annual precipitation would encounter extreme and severe drought characteristics. It is concluded that the drought risks in the region are mostly the outcome of mismanagement, water resource allocation, and agricultural water use but could be exacerbated due to climatic events.
Asthma in Paediatric Intensive Care in England Residents: Observational Study
Authors: Mukherjee Mome , Cunningham Steve , Bhuia Mohammad Romel , Lo Tsz-Yan Milly , Been Jasper V , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose Despite high prevalence of asthma in children in the UK, there are no prior report on asthma admissions in paediatric intensive care units (PICU). Methods PICANet, a UK national PICU database, was queried for asthma as the primary reason for admission, of children resident in England from April 2006 till March 2013. Results There were 2,195 admissions to PICU for a median stay of 1.4 days. 59% were males and 51% aged 0-4 years. The fourth and fifth deprivation quintiles represented 61% (1,329) admissions and 73% (11) of the 15 deaths. Deaths were most frequent in 10-14 years age (n=11, 73%), with no deaths in less than 5 years age. 38% of admissions (828/2193) received invasive ventilation, which was more frequent with increasing deprivation (13% (108/828) in least deprived to 31% (260/828) in most deprived) and decreasing age (0-4-year-olds: 49%, 409/828). Conclusions This first multi-centre PICU study in England found that children from more deprived neighbourhoods represented the majority of asthma admissions, invasive ventilation and deaths in PICU. Children experiencing socioeconomic deprivation could benefit from enhanced asthma support in the community.
Assessment of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Experiences Within a Large Southeast Training Program
Authors: Walker Zachary W. , Appah Mary , Aban Inmaculada , Lindeman Brenessa M. , Elopre Latesha E. , Goepfert Alice R. , Hill Samantha V. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The United States has become increasingly diverse resulting in greater strides to improve workforce diversity and inclusivity.
Objective

The objective of this study is to identify trainees in Graduate Medical Education who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender or Questioning (LGBTQ) and compare their experiences as a trainee to non-LGBTQ trainees within the medical workplace.
Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional, exploratory survey from December 1, 2020 to January 14, 2021 at a single, large teaching institution. We collected data anonymously and stored it in a REDCap database. We excluded surveys in which trainees did not respond to sexual orientation. We used contingency tables and Fisher’s exact test to identify outcomes associated with sexual orientation and gender identity particularly with regard to professionalism, well-being, and satisfaction with training.
Results

We distributed the survey to 840 trainees. 730 trainees were included with 23 (3.2%) self-identifying as LGBTQ and 707 (96%) as Straight. LGBTQ trainees were more likely to experience offensive remarks based on race/ethnicity (p = 0.03) and sexual orientation (p = 0.01). Secondary analysis based on race found that Blacks and Other were more likely to report differences based on professionalism and satisfaction with their training program. There was no difference seen among LGBTQ trainees based on race.
Conclusion

We found trainees who identified as LGBTQ were more likely to experience discrimination/microaggressions. Also, underrepresented minorities in medicine were more likely to encounter discrimination and dissatisfaction with their training. More efforts are needed in academics to promote safe and supportive LGBTQ and minority training experiences.
Deltamethrin Induces Apoptosis in Cerebrum Neurons of Quail via Promoting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Han Bing , Yang Qingyue , Li Siyu , Wang Xiaoqiao , Li Jiayi , Deng Ning , Han Biqi , Liao Yuge , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a widely used and highly effective insecticide. DLM exposure is harmful to animal and human. Quail, as a bird model, has been widely used in the toxicology field. However, there is little information available in the literature about quail cerebrum damage caused by DLM. Here, we investigated the effect of DLM on quail cerebrum neurons. Four groups of healthy quails were assigned (10 quails in each group), respectively given 0, 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg DLM by gavage for 12 weeks. Through the measurements of quail cerebrum, it was found that DLM exposure induced obvious histological changes, oxidative stress, and neurons apoptosis. To further explore the possible molecular mechanisms, we performed real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related mRNA. In addition, we detected ATP content in quail cerebrum to evaluate the functional status of mitochondria. The study showed that DLM exposure significantly increased the expression of ER stress-related mRNA and decreased ATP content in quail cerebrum. These results suggest that chronic exposure to DLM induces apoptosis of quail cerebrum neurons via promoting ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, our results provide a novel explanation for DLM-induced apoptosis of avian cerebrum neurons.
Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor as Bridging Therapy for Pediatric Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Prior to Liver Transplantation: an Open-label Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Rahayatri Tri Hening , Kekalih Aria , Harahap Alida , Hendarto Aryono , Oswari Hanifah , Munasir Zakiudin , Setiabudy Rianto , Taher Akmal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Decompensated cirrhosis in children is a leading indication of liver transplantation (LT). Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy has shown promising results in adult decompensated cirrhosis. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of G-CSF on liver function, Pediatric End-stage liver disease (PELD) score, CD34+ cells mobilization, nutritional status, short-term side effects, and survival in children indicated for liver transplantation (LT).We performed an open-label, randomized controlled trial with decompensated liver cirrhosis between 3 months to 12 years old. The intervention group received a subcutaneous injection of G-CSF (5 μg/kg/day) for twelve courses in addition to standard medical treatment (SMT) for liver cirrhosis. We measured liver function, PELD scores, CD34+ cell mobilization, the change of leucocyte and neutrophil count, nutritional status, side effects, and survival within three months. Thirty-five pediatric patients were randomized into 17 interventional groups and 18 control groups. During the trial, 14 (82%) of the interventional group completed the intervention course. The median age was 18 months in the interventional group and 14.5 months in the control group. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level showed significant improvement in the intervention group, while other liver parameters, PELD score, nutritional status, and survival, did not. CD34+ cells mobilization rose in the interventional group but was statistically insignificant. Minor side effects of G-CSF were found in the intervention group.Multiple doses of G-CSF significantly improve ALT but did not improve PELD score, nutritional status, and survival in three months.