bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extent to which off-patent registered prescription medicines are used for off-label indications in Australia: A scoping review
Authors: Howe Katrina , Bourke Siobhan , Sansom Lloyd 
Published: December 2021

AimThe aim of this scoping review was to determine the extent of off-patent prescription medicine use beyond registered indications in various Australian clinical settings.MethodThe review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute approach and reported using PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Online databases were used to identify published literature about off-patent registered prescription medicines used for off-label indications in Australian public hospital, community and primary healthcare settings. In addition, empirical data from the Queensland and the South Australian state-wide medicine formularies were screened for the same medication/off-label indication dyads identified in the literature, and other locally approved uses.ResultsOverall, fourteen studies were included, conducted in public hospitals (n = 11), palliative care units (n = 2) and the community setting (n = 1). There were 213 reports extracted from the literature describing off-patent registered prescription medicines used for off-label indications, representing 128 unique medication/off-label indication dyads and 32 different medicines. Of these, just five medication/off-label indication dyads were approved for use on both the Queensland and South Australian state-wide medicine formularies, with 12 others only approved for use in Queensland and 16 others only approved for use in South Australia. Further examination of these state-wide formularies demonstrated that the use of off-patent registered prescription medicines beyond registered indications is more extensive than has been reported to date in the literature. There were 28 additional medication/off-label indication dyads approved on the Queensland state-wide medicine formulary and 14 such examples approved for use in South Australia. Of these, just two medication/off-label indication dyads were approved for use on both formularies.ConclusionThe extent to which off-patent registered prescription medicines have been repurposed in clinical settings for off-label indications in Australia is greater than previously reported in the literature. Usage and funded availability of certain medication/off-label indication dyads, varies across Australia. These results further expose the two tiered system of medicines regulation in Australia, and its impact on equity of access to medicines. Further research is required to support policy change to encourage submission of registration updates for off-patent prescription medicines.
Hepatic Microabscesses: A Unique Presentation of Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis
Authors: Olson Kristin M. , Keim Lauren M. , Holm Tyson T. , Eichele Derrick D. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Viral hepatitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection occurs with a wide array of clinical presentations, making timely definitive diagnosis challenging. Immunosuppressed patients provide further complexity with an increased risk for severe infection and acute liver failure. We report a rare case of HSV hepatitis manifested as HSV type 1 and HSV type 2 (HSV-1 and 2) coinfection resulting in innumerable hepatic hypodensities with peripheral enhancement, suggestive of liver microabscesses. Initiation of antiviral therapy resulted in rapid recovery. The presence of hepatic hypodensities and acute liver injury should raise suspicion for HSV hepatitis in the immunocompromised host.
Chinese literature and “New Methods of Midwifery” during the 1950s
Authors: He Xiuwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The literary description of the movement, “New Methods of Midwifery,” during the 1950s is not only a historical record of the innovation of delivery techniques, but also a demonstration of the realization of bio-governance at the grassroots level, and of the reformation of traditional gender concepts. These works directly criticized outdated delivery methods and the traditional concept of life that traditional midwives observed and also documented the development of bio-politics in New China. The writers portrayed a series of images of traditional midwives and socialist midwives which left a traceable legacy of visions of Chinese professional women. This article aims to investigate the images of this special professional group and their cultural significance to the reformation of Chinese fertility culture, daily life and the development of bio-politics during the 1950s.
Estimating moisture content variation in kiln dried Pacific coast hemlock
Authors: Rahimi Sohrab , Avramidis Stavros , Lazarescu Ciprian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kiln drying is admittedly a significant value-adding step in timber processing where the importance of predicting moisture within a dried batch cannot be overemphasized. This study predicts and characterizes the moisture variation in kiln-dried wood based on the initial and target moisture values using polynomial models. Four polynomial models are used to correlate initial and final moisture characteristics. First model is linear while the three others are nonlinear. The robustness of the three best models is analyzed and a closed formula is proposed to evaluate the final moisture coefficient of variation based on the target moisture and initial moisture coefficient of variation. Three models could successfully characterize the final moisture variation with the best one showing an R
2 > 96%. However, the first (linear) model is the most resilient and, thus recommended for estimating final moisture variation.
Stability and ψ-algebraic decay of the solution to ψ-fractional differential system
Authors: Li Changpin , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article, we focus on stability and ψ-algebraic decay (algebraic decay in the sense of ψ-function) of the equilibrium to the nonlinear ψ-fractional ordinary differential system. Before studying the nonlinear case, we show the stability and decay for linear system in more detail. Then we establish the linearization theorem for the nonlinear system near the equilibrium and further determine the stability and decay rate of the equilibrium. Such discussions include two cases, one with ψ-Caputo fractional derivative, another with ψ-Riemann–Liouville derivative, where the latter is a bit more complex than the former. Besides, the integral transforms are also provided for future studies.
Density Forecast of Financial Returns Using Decomposition and Maximum Entropy
Authors: Lee Tae-Hwy , Wang He , Xi Zhou , Zhang Ru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We consider a multiplicative decomposition of the financial returns to improve the density forecasts of financial returns. The multiplicative decomposition is based on the identity that financial return is the product of its absolute value and its sign. Advantages of modeling the two components are discussed. To reduce the effect of the estimation error due to the multiplicative decomposition in estimation of the density forecast model, we impose a moment constraint that the conditional mean forecast is set to match with the sample mean. Imposing such a moment constraint operates a shrinkage and tilts the density forecast of the decomposition model to produce the improved maximum entropy density forecast. An empirical application to forecasting density of the daily stock returns demonstrates the benefits of using the decomposition and imposing the moment constraint to obtain the improved density forecast. We evaluate the density forecast by comparing the logarithmic score (LS), the quantile score (QS), and the continuous ranked probability score (CRPS). We contribute to the literature on the density forecast and the decomposition models by showing that the density forecast of the decomposition model can be improved by imposing a sensible constraint in the maximum entropy framework.
Wie ein Virus die Sprache verändert – Beobachtungen zum Russischen
Authors: Fleischmann Eberhard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged people’s thinking worldwide. Russia, too, has seen experts writing reports on the causes and consequences of the pandemic and citizens commenting on the restrictions on their lives, which they accepted or rejected. None of this would have been possible, if words had not been adopted, borrowed, modified, revisited, fitted into grammatical structures, or varied in their meanings. This article provides a first overview of such changes in Russian.
Feeling of Ownership over an Embodied Avatar's Hand Brings About Fast Changes of Fronto-Parietal Cortical Dynamics
Authors: Casula Elias Paolo , Tieri Gaetano , Rocchi Lorenzo , Pezzetta Rachele , Maiella Michele , Pavone Enea Francesco , Aglioti Salvatore Maria , Koch Giacomo 
Published: December 2021

When we look at our body parts, we are immediately aware that they belong to us and we rarely doubt about the integrity, continuity, and sense of ownership of our body. Despite this certainty, immersive virtual reality (IVR) may lead to a strong feeling of embodiment over an artificial body part seen from a first-person perspective (1PP). Although such feeling of ownership (FO) has been described in different situations, it is not yet understood how this phenomenon is generated at neural level. To track the real-time brain dynamics associated with FO, we delivered transcranial magnetic stimuli over the hand region in the primary motor cortex (M1) and simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in 19 healthy volunteers (11 male/8 female) watching IVR renderings of anatomically plausible (full-limb) versus implausible (hand disconnected from the forearm) virtual limbs. Our data show that embodying a virtual hand is temporally associated with a rapid drop of cortical activity of the onlookers' hand region in the M1 contralateral to the observed hand. Spatiotemporal analysis shows that embodying the avatar's hand is also associated with fast changes of activity within an interconnected fronto-parietal circuit ipsilateral to the brain stimulation. Specifically, an immediate reduction of connectivity with the premotor area is paralleled by an enhancement in the connectivity with the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) which is related to the strength of ownership illusion ratings and thus likely reflects conscious feelings of embodiment. Our results suggest that changes of bodily representations are underpinned by a dynamic cross talk within a highly-plastic, fronto-parietal network.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObserving an avatar's body part from a first-person perspective (1PP) induces an illusory embodiment over it. What remains unknown are the cortical dynamics underpinning the embodiment of artificial agents. To shed light on the physiological mechanisms of embodiment we used a novel approach that combines noninvasive stimulation of the cortical motor-hand area and whole-scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in people observing an embodied artificial limb. We found that just before the illusion started, there is a decrease of activity of the motor-hand area accompanied by an increase of connectivity with the parietal region ipsilateral to the stimulation that reflects the ratings of the embodiment illusion. Our results suggest that changes of bodily representations are underpinned by a dynamic cross talk within a fronto-parietal circuit.
Chemical Signaling Regulates Axon Regeneration via the GPCR–Gqα Pathway inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Shimizu Tatsuhiro , Sugiura Kayoko , Sakai Yoshiki , Dar Abdul R. , Butcher Rebecca A. , Matsumoto Kunihiro , Hisamoto Naoki 
Published: December 2021

Chemical communication controls a wide range of behaviors via conserved signaling networks. Axon regeneration in response to injury is determined by the interaction between the extracellular environment and intrinsic growth potential. In this study, we investigated the role of chemical signaling in axon regeneration inCaenorhabditis elegans. We find that the enzymes involved in ascaroside pheromone biosynthesis, ACOX-1.1, ACOX-1.2, and DAF-22, participate in axon regeneration by producing a dauer-inducing ascaroside, ascr#5. We demonstrate that the chemoreceptor genes,srg-36andsrg-37, which encode G-protein-coupled receptors for ascr#5, are required for adult-specific axon regeneration. Furthermore, the activating mutation inegl-30encoding Gqα suppresses axon regeneration defective phenotype inacox-1.1andsrg-36 srg-37mutants. Therefore, the ascaroside signaling system provides a unique example of a signaling molecule that regulates the regenerative pathway in the nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInCaenorhabditis elegans, axon regeneration is positively regulated by the EGL-30 Gqα–JNK MAP kinase cascade. However, it remains unclear what signals activate the EGL-30 pathway in axon regeneration. Here, we show that SRG-36 and SRG-37 act as upstream G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that activate EGL-30.C. eleganssecretes a family of small-molecule pheromones called ascarosides, which serve various functions in chemical signaling. SRG-36 and SRG-37 are GPCRs for the dauer-inducing ascaroside ascr#5. Consistent with this, we found that ascr#5 activates the axon regeneration pathway via SRG-36/SRG-37 and EGL-30. Thus, ascaroside signaling promotes axon regeneration by activating the GPCR–Gqα pathway.
Levothyroxine use and the risk of colorectal cancer: a large population-based case–control study
Authors: Kuiper Josephina G , Fenneman Aline C , van der Spek Anne H , Rampanelli Elena , Nieuwdorp Max , van Herk-Sukel Myrthe P P , Lemmens Valery E P P , Kuipers Ernst J , Herings Ron M C , Fliers Eric 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Whether an association between oral levothyroxine use, leading to supraphysiological exposure of the colon to thyroid hormones, and risk of colorectal cancer exists in humans is unclear. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of levothyroxine is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a linked cohort of pharmacy and cancer data.

Design
Population-based matched case–control study.

Methods
A total of 28,121 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2014 were matched to 106,086 controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between levothyroxine use and occurrence of colorectal cancer, adjusted for potential confounders. Results were stratified by gender, age, tumour subtype, and staging, as well as treatment duration and dosing.

Results
A total of 1066 colorectal cancer patients (4%) and 4024 (4%) controls had used levothyroxine at any point before index date (adjusted odds ratio 0.95 (0.88–1.01)). Long-term use of levothyroxine was seen in 323 (30%) colorectal cancer patients and 1111 (28%) controls (adjusted odds ratio 1.00 (0.88–1.13)). Stratification by tumour subsite showed a borderline significant risk reduction of rectal cancer, while this was not seen for proximal colon cancer or distal colon cancer. There was no relationship with treatment duration or with levothyroxine dose.

Conclusions
In this study, no reduced risk of colorectal cancer was seen in levothyroxine users. When stratifying by tumour subsite, a borderline significant risk reduction of rectal cancer was found and may warrant further research.
PRESENTACIÓN DEL TEMA. Alfabetización en salud
Authors: Pino Juste Margarita R. 
Published: December 2021

A pesar de la importancia de la alfabetización en salud (AS) para la calidad de vida de todos los ciudadanos, todavía existe escasa investigación sobre el tema. En esta presentación hemos intentado plantear la situación actual que va desde las controversias sobre la utilización de este término hasta la necesidad de intervenciones en diferentes contextos dadas las repercusiones de un bajo nivel de AS para la salud individual, pero también colectiva. Ponemos de manifiesto, sobre todo, la escasa investigación sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones en el ámbito educativo. Y terminamos enumerando algunas estrategias y acciones educativas que sería necesario implementar. En el monográfico se ha intentado paliar esta deficiencia introduciendo cinco artículos que permiten acercarnos al concepto y estrategias de intervención en varios contextos: escolar, comunitario, sanitario.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL WASTES BY ZYMOMONAS MOBILIS AND USED IN VINEGAR PRODUCTION
Authors: Nassir Tabark Hassan , Al-Sahlany Shayma 
Published: December 2021

This review paper summarizes the best method for the utilization of agricultural wastes as raw material for the production of bioethanol. Agricultural wastes are rich in sugar and complex carbohydrates that makes it suitable source to carry out the fermentation process. Bioethanol is widely used in industries such as, chemical, pharmaceutical and food for various purposes especially as sterilizer. Carbohydrates are considered as the renewable sources and the primary material for the production of bioethanol. Microorganisms such as some species of yeasts and bacteria are capable to ferment carbohydrates and convert it into ethyl alcohol. However, the ability of these micro-organisms differs with respect to the production of ethanol and this research we study the possibility of producing bioethanol from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. One of the major industrial aspects of ethanol is the production of vinegar and there are several methods that could be utilized for its production from ethanol. Studies have reported that Zymomonas mobilis has 5-10 times more capability to produce bioethanol as compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, this study has been done to highlight the possibilities of production of bioethanol from Zymomonas mobilis
ENHANCING THE ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF BACTERIOCIN FROM LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS SUBSP. LACTIS USING CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Guirguis Emad 
Published: December 2021

Chitosan, a cationic polymer derived from the hot alkali deacetylation of chitin, has numerous biological applications with non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and encapsulated with bacteriocin extracted from Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis to produce chitosan nanoparticles conjugate bacteriocin using ionic gelation method. This formulation was examined for its antibacterial activity representing food bio-preservative against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichiae coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, compared with chitosan nanoparticles, crud chitosan and free bacteriocin. Agar diffusion method was applied to evaluate the in-vitro drug release, effect of pH and temperature on its stability. The results revealed that the In-vitro release within 24 hours of chitosan nanoparticles conjugate bacteriocin was controlled by about (79%) with cumulative and sustained effect when compared with free bacteriocin (94%). Chitosan nanoparticles conjugate bacteriocin exhibit the highest antibacterial activity (with significant difference p < 0.05) followed by free bacteriocin and chitosan nanoparticles, while crud chitosan was the lowest representing thermal stability (≤ 70ºC) when subjected to low pH. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria to all of the components. Chitosan nanoparticles contribute successful safe food preservative enhancement when incorporated with bacteriocin against the common food-borne pathogenic bacteria.
Análise empírica da volatilidade do etanol: aplicação de modelos ARCH nos preços à vista e futuros no período 2011-2015
Authors: Santos Ramon Rodrigues dos 
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa teve a finalidade de analisar a dinâmica e a transmissão da volatilidade dos preços à vista e futuros do etanol pelos modelos ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH e TARCH. A amostra utilizada nesta pesquisa é composta pelas cotações diárias do etanol hidratado spot negociado na base de Paulínia (SP), disponibilizadas pelo CEPEA/ESALQ e das cotações futuro na CBOT (Chicago Board of Trade) Denatured Fuel Ethanol Futures), no período de 03/10/2011 a 27/11/2015, em um total de 2.032 observações. Dentre os modelos analisados, destaca-se que os modelos EGARCH (2,2) para o spot e EGARCH (1,2) para o futuro são os que possuem o melhor ajustamento da série, considerado os Critérios de Informação de Akaike (AIC) e de Schwarz (SC), demonstrando um efeito assimetria principalmente na série de retornos futuros do etanol, e mostrando que os impactos resultantes dos choques positivos e negativos foram diferenciados na volatilidade, dentro do período analisado.
Rural-Urban Differences in Esophagectomy for Cancer
Authors: Brungardt Joseph , Omar A. Almoghrabi, M.D.  , Carolyn B. Moore, M.D.  , G. John Chen M.D., Ph.D.  , Alykhan S. Nagji, M.D.  
Published: December 2021

Background: Patients who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or in rural areas may not pursue surgery at high-volume centers, where outcomes are better for some complex procedures. The objective of this study was to determine and compare rural and urban patient differences and outcomes after undergoing esophagectomy for cancer.
Study Design: An analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (HCUP NIS) database was performed, capturing adult patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy. Patients were stratified into rural or urban groups by the National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme. Demographics, hospital variables, and outcomes were compared.
Results: A total of 2,877 patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were captured by the database, with 228 (7.92%) rural and 2,575 (89.50%) urban patients. The rural and urban groups had no difference in age, race, insurance status, and many common comorbidities. Major outcomes of mortality and length of stay were similar for both rural and urban patients (3.95% versus 4.27%, p=0.815) and (15.75±13.22 versus 15.55±14.91 days, p=0.828), respectively. There was a trend for rural patients to be more likely to discharge home (35.96% versus 29.79%, OR 0.667 [95%CI 0.479-0.929]; p=0.0167).
Conclusions: This retrospective administrative database study indicates that rural and urban patients receive equivalent postoperative care after undergoing esophagectomy. The findings are reassuring as there does not appear to be a disparity in major outcomes depending on the location of residence, but further studies are necessary to assure equitable treatment for rural patients.
Laying a Foundation for Digital Collections at the Property Information Resource Center
Authors: Anderson Alison , Bjork Kristin , DeCicco-Carey Kyle , Welsh Sylvia 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
Over a decade ago, the Harvard University Property Information Resource Center (PIRC) began digitizing its entire collection of more than a hundred thousand architectural drawings documenting the construction of the oldest university in the United States. Challenges and successes materialized throughout the project relating to the PIRC's mission, service level, and collection dependencies. Continuing to meet users' demanding needs while learning and revising best practices was ambitious yet ultimately achievable. In addition to producing high-quality images for digital preservation, secondary positive outcomes of the project were the conservation of drawings, improvements to the reference process, and the ability to expand these services beyond the traditional user group. To achieve the project goals, staff created a flexible workflow that ameliorated the condition of physical drawings in the collection while allowing them to uphold an established user service level agreement.