bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based Worksheets to Improve Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Archimedes’ Law Materials
Authors: Lestari Suci Rizki , Makiyah Yanti Sofi 
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-based Student Worksheets on Archimedes’ Law. This study used an experimental method with a research design of one group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study was all students of class XI MIA Public Senior High School 1 Sariwangi, the research sample was XI MIA 2. The sampling technique was done by using cluster random sampling. The data collection instrument used a pretest and posttest assessment sheet. Data analysis used statistical tests, namely N-Gain and t-test. The test result of the effectiveness of student worksheets based on guided inquiry using N-Gain analysis obtained a value of 0.97 with high criteria. Furthermore, the result of the t-test showed 15tcount&gt;t(0,995)(30)"> that it was 4.15>2.75. This indicated that there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. Based on the average N-Gain and t-test, it can be concluded that guided inquiry-based student worksheets are very effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The results of this study have the implication that guided inquiry-based student worksheets can be used in the implementation of learning as a form of assistance for students to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Pengembangan Prototipe Kincir Angin Savonius Menggunakan Bilah Baling Sel Surya Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Fisika
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Yuliani Hadma , Syar Nur Inayah 
Published: August 2021

Pengembangan prototipe sebagai media pembelajaran di lembaga pendidikan yang menggabungkan dua sumber energi kedalam satu buah sistem alat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan desain prototipe, kelayakan prototipe, dan tanggapan guru serta peserta didik terhadap hasil dari pengembangan prototipe kincir angin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development model 4-D. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui lembar validasi dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kincir angin vertikal dengan jenis savonius dengan melakukan pengembangan pada bagian bilah baling-baling menggunakan sel surya. Kelayakan prototipe kincir angin meliputi kelayakan desain dan kelayakan produk. Kelayakan desain memiliki kategori sangat baik dan kelayakan produk memiliki kategori baik. Tanggapan guru dan peserta didik terhadap hasil dari pengembangan prototipe kincir angin sebesar 86% dengan kategori sangat baik dan 77,3% dengan kategori baik. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian tersebut dihasilkan sebuah produk berupa kincir angin savonius yang dapat berfungsi sebagai media pembelajaran fisika untuk peserta didik. Selain itu, kincir angin tersebut dapat dijadikan sumber energi terbarukan. Kincir angin tersebut mampu menghasilkan energi dari dua sumber yang berbeda dalam satu buah alat, sehingga diharapkan akan mampu menjadi pembangkit listrik tenaga angin dan matahari yang membantu pasokan listrik di Kalimantan Tengah. Development of a prototype as a learning medium in educational institutions that combines two energy sources into one tool system. This study aims to describe the prototype design, the feasibility of the prototype, and the responses of teachers and students to the results of developing a windmill prototype. This study uses the Research and Development 4-D model. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. Data were obtained through validation sheets and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the vertical windmill with the type of savonius developed the blades of the propeller using solar cells. The feasibility of the windmill prototype includes the feasibility of the design and the feasibility of the product. The feasibility of the design has a very good category and the feasibility of the product has a good category. The responses of teachers and students to the results of the development of the windmill prototype were 86% in the very good category and 77.3% in the good category. Based on the results of the study, a product in the form of a savonius windmill was produced which could function as a medium for learning physics for students. In addition, the windmill can be used as a source of renewable energy. The windmill is capable of producing energy from two different sources in one device, so it is hoped that it will be able to become wind and solar power plant that helps supply the electricity in Central Kalimantan.
Barriers in Adult Vitamin D Service Provision by Health Care Workers: A Qualitative Study in Three Ecologies of Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Wubegzier , Feleke Yeweyenhareg , Asnake Wubetsh , Desalegn Yakob , Haidar Jemal , Lambisso Biruk , Zewdie Tewabech 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Adult vitamin D deficiency, which is a public health problem in low-income countries, is correlated with increased mortality. Although health care workers (HCWs) in Ethiopia are educated on important minerals their counseling on the uses of vitamin D and its possible sources was not witnessed since their knowledge and practice is low. The main aim of this study is to explore barriers to good knowledge, positive attitude, and practice of health care providers on adult vitamin D.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study is done in three ecologies covering highland, midland, and lowland. The size of 27 participants was fixed by saturation of ideas. In-depth interviews were conducted among leaders and HCWs of different professional groups in health centers and hospitals. Moderators were Ph.D. holders. An interview guide was developed after reviewing research that was translated into the local language. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and, translated. Open Code software was used to code and categorize the data. Themes were developed using thematic analysis which is presented using themes and sub-themes.Result: The main barriers are related to health systems, HCWs’ understandings, health facilities, and the educational system. Lack of attention by the health systems’ leadership, missing adult vitamin D as a priority in health programs, and the absence of adult vitamin D management and treatment guidelines are barriers related to the health system. On the other hand, health care professionals believed that the prevalence of adult vitamin D deficiency is insignificant and vitamin D deficiency is only an issue related to children. Besides, the inadequacy of laboratory investigation and limited in-service training are barriers related to health facilities while the absence of studies and the focus of the medical curriculum on child vitamin D are barriers related to the education system. Conclusion: Adult vitamin D deficiency is a neglected public health problem with many barriers related to diagnosis and treatment. Barriers are related to the professionals themselves, their leadership, health facilities, and the education system. The government should give attention to adult vitamin D management and treatment, continuous on the job training, development of guidelines, purchase of laboratory equipment, the inclusion of adult vitamin D in pre-service and, in-service training curriculums.
Preferences of Gastric Cancer Survivors for Follow-up Care---A Multicenter Discrete Choice Experiment Study
Authors: Li Hui-qin , Yuan Hua , Wan Guang-ying , Xue Hui , Zhang Xiu-ying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purposes: The purposes of this discrete choice experiment are as follows:1.To investigate the preference of gastric cancer survivors for follow-up care.2.To quantify the importance of follow-up care-related characteristics that may affect the gastric cancer survivors’ choices of their follow-up, so as to provide references for development of the follow-up strategy of gastric cancer survivors.Methods: Discrete choice experimental design principles was applied to develop the survey instrument. All questionnaires were filled out by the respondents and collected on site. A mixed logit model was used to estimate gastric cancer survivors’ preferences. Willingness to pay estimates and simulations of follow-up uptake rates were calculated.Results: All six attributes are significant important for the follow-up care of gastric cancer survivors (p＜0.05). Achieving very thorough follow-up contents was the most valued attribute level (coefficient=1.995). Specialist doctors are the most preferred providers, followed by specialist nurses and gastric cancer survivors were willing to pay more for these attribute levels. Changes in attribute levels affected uptake rate of follow-up. When the multiple attribute levels were changed at the same time, a very thorough follow-up contents provided by the same specialist doctor (specialist nurse), the probability of receiving follow-up increases by 95.82% (94.90%).Conclusions: The characteristics of follow-up care in our study reflect the health management services expectations of gastric cancer survivors. A dedicated specialist nurse involved in follow-up care should be developed to contributes to solve the complex and multifaceted personal needs of gastric cancer survivors.
Barriers and Enablers to Physical Activity in Patients during Hospital Stay: A Scoping Review
Authors: Geelen Sven Jacobus Gertruda , Huisman Hanneke Corine van Dijk - , de Bie Robert Adriaan , Veenhof Cindy , Engelbert Raoul , Schaaf Marike van der , Lenssen Antoine François 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Optic nerve gliomas in adults: a SEER-based study
Authors: Lin Xiaoning , Huang Rong , Su Jinyun , Li Heng , Liu Zhong , Zhang Pengfei , Tian Xinhua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Optic nerve gliomas (ONGs) are uncommon tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The aim of this study was to define their characteristics, prognostic factors, and the impacts of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy on outcomes.Methods: Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with ONGs from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were included. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were utilized to analyze the factors associated with survival. Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the impacts of adjuvant therapies on overall survival (OS).Results: A total of 179 adult patients diagnosed with ONGs were identified between 1991 and 2016, with a median follow-up period of 64.0 months. The median age at diagnosis was 41.0 years. After excluding 18 patients with unknown information, the remaining patients included 142 (88.2%) low-grade tumors and 19 (11.8%) high-grade tumors. Multivariate analysis showed age at diagnosis, tumor grade, adjuvant chemotherapy were significant factors for OS. The 5-year OS rates for patients with low- and high-grade ONGs were 85.5% and 10.5%, respectively. The employment of adjuvant RT or chemotherapy would significantly shorten OS time in the low-grade group and could not prolong OS time in the high-grade group.Conclusions: This is the largest retrospective study of adult ONGs up to date. The overall prognosis of high-grade ONGs in adult patients is still poor despite multi-modality treatments. Adjuvant RT or chemotherapy might not be considered in adult patients with low-grade ONGs unless the malignant transformation or aggressive progression has been confirmed.
Counterfactual Explanations as Interventions in Latent Space
Authors: Crupi Riccardo , Castelnovo Alessandro , regoli daniele , Gonzalez Beatriz San Miguel 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a set of techniques that allows the understanding of both technical and non-technical aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. XAI is crucial to help satisfying the increasingly important demand of \emph{trustworthy} Artificial Intelligence, characterized by fundamental characteristics such as respect of human autonomy, prevention of harm, transparency, accountability, etc. Within XAI techniques, counterfactual explanations aim to provide to end users a set of features (and their corresponding values) that need to be changed in order to achieve a desired outcome. Current approaches rarely take into account the feasibility of actions needed to achieve the proposed explanations, and in particular they fall short of considering the causal impact of such actions.

In this paper, we present Counterfactual Explanations as Interventions in Latent Space (CEILS), a methodology to generate counterfactual explanations capturing by design the underlying causal relations from the data, and at the same time to provide feasible recommendations to reach the proposed profile. Moreover, our methodology has the advantage that it can be set on top of existing counterfactuals generator algorithms, thus minimising the complexity of imposing additional causal constrains. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a set of different experiments using synthetic and real datasets (including a proprietary dataset of the financial domain).
Generation and annihilation of scalar particles due to a curved expanding and contracting space-time.
Authors: Hudak Matej - , Tothova Jana - , HUDAK ONDREJ 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While a theory calculating a cosmological generation of particles ina case of the expanding space-time is quite developed, we study here a theory of a cosmological generation of particles in a case of a space- time which is expanding and then contracting back. The simplest case of fields studied in this connection is a scalar field. We will show in our paper that the quantum scalar field has delocalized in the conformal time η particle-like modes uⁱⁿ and two localized in the conformal time modes uⁱⁿ and uⁱⁿ for our choosen scale factor C(η). The vacuum for these states | 0, out > defined through massive modes uᵒᵘᵗ and through modes uᵒᵘᵗ and uᵒᵘᵗ is the same as the vacuum | 0, in >. A detector shows that there are no mass particles and no localized states forη → +∞ for non-accelerating case. For η → −∞ a Minkowski space- time is realized, as it is realized also in the out case. The quantum field has delocalized in the conformal time η particle-like modes uᵒᵘᵗ which in the -out region have k-dependent phase shifts with respect to the quantum field delocalized in the conformal time η particle-like modes uⁱⁿ in the -in region. The phase shift of delocalized modes (k-particles) is due to scattering in the gravitational field leading toexpansion and contraction of the space. Thus while in the expansion phase there is present generation of particles, due to nonpresence of particles in η → +∞ conformal time it is clear that in the phase of contraction of the scale factor there is present annihilation of particles from their peak state, where they are occurring from the generationprocess.
Power Generation Performance of a Spherical Robot With Pendulums in Amphibious Environment
Authors: Li Yansheng , Yang Meimei , Wei Bo , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The energy of mobile robots severely limits their range of motion and work capabilities. This paper proposes a method of capturing energy from the amphibious environment for a spherical robot with pendulums. The movement of pendulums is analyzed during amphibious movement, and a feasible scheme is proposed for a pendulum to capture environmental energy and convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The mathematical model of the swing power generation is established based on the pendulum dynamic equation and voltage balance equation. The physics experiment platform and virtual experimental platform are built to analyse the power generation performance. Furthermore, the power generation mathematical models are established respectively for the spherical robot rolling on the slope and floating in the water, and the power generation performance is analyzed and summarized under different conditions. The results show that the proposed power generation method and scheme can effectively supply the energy to the spherical robot, can enhance the endurance of the movement in the amphibious environment, and provide theoretical guidance for the development of the physical prototype of the new generation of amphibious spherical robot.
Morphological Variation and Discriminating Traits of Kersting’s Groundnut Accessions
Authors: Chodaton Gilles Y. , Agoyi Eric Etchikinto , Houndété Thomas A. , Kafoutchoni Konoutan M. , Sossou Hospice S. , Sodédji Fréjus A.K. , Ayi Sergino , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Chadare Flora J. , Adandonon Appolinaire , Vodouhè Raymond , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Sinsin Brice A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Kersting’s groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] (KG) is a nutritious, subterranean grain legume in West and Central Africa. Only limited information is available on the morphological traits that can discriminate accessions; without such information, appropriate breeding strategies cannot be devised. This study aimed to identify discriminating traits and assess the diversity among accessions of Kersting’s groundnut. Eighty-one KG accessions from Benin and Burkina Faso were evaluated based on 29 qualitative and quantitative traits. An experiment was conducted using an Alpha lattice design with three replications. Standardized Shannon-Weaver index (H') and descriptive statistics were calculated for qualitative traits. Pearson correlation coefficients, stepwise discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis were conducted. Results showed that accessions varied greatly based on growth habit (H'= 0.68), flower color (H' = 0.50), seed-eye shape (H' = 0.47), and stem pigmentation (H' = 0.41). Eight quantitative traits, viz., seed width, seed thickness, number of branches per plant, petiole length, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per pod, pod width, and pod length, were found to significantly discriminate the accessions. Accessions were grouped into three clusters based on quantitative traits. Cluster 1 had accessions with late flowering and good vegetative growth, Cluster 2 contained accessions with high germination percentage and Cluster 3 had accessions with high yield performance. Seed length varied greatly among accessions, thus indicating the potential for improving yield via seed size.
Image Encryption Algorithm Based On Genetic Crossover And Chaotic DNA Encoding
Authors: Qobbi Younes , jarjar Abdeltif , Essaid Mohamed , Benazzi Abdelhamid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Based on the two-dimensional logistic map and a single improved genetic operator, a new image encryption system is proposed. The original image is transformed into DNA sequences, a subdivision into blocks of size calculated by using the chaotic map, with the intention to apply a crossover between blocks chaotically selected from a chaotic control vectors. For the installation of a diffusion phase, a strong link is established between the block resulting from a crossing operation and the next original block. Hoping to considerably increase the impact of the avalanche effect and protect the system against any differential attack. Simulations performed on a large number of images of different size and formats ensure that our method is not subject to any known attacks.
Breaking Entry- and Species Barriers: LentiBOOST® Plus Polybrene Enables High Transduction Efficacy of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes by Adenovirus 5
Authors: Strack Astrid , Deinzer Andrea , Thirion Christian , Schrödel Silke , Dörrie Jan , Sauerer Tatjana , Steinkasserer Alexander , Knippertz Ilka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to their ability to trigger strong immune responses, adenoviruses (HAdVs) in general and the serotype5 (HAdV5) in particular are amongst the most popular viral vectors in research and clinical application. However, efficient transduction using HAdV5 is predominantly achieved in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-positive human cells. In the present study, we used the transduction enhancer LentiBOOST® comprising the polycationic Polybrene to overcome these limitations. Using LentiBOOST®/ Polybrene, we yielded transduction rates higher than 50% in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), while maintaining their cytokine expression profile and their capability to induce T-cell proliferation. In human dendritic cells (DCs), we increased the transduction rate from 22% in immature (i)DCs or 43% in mature (m)DCs to more than 80%, without inducing cytotoxicity. While expression of specific maturation markers was slightly upregulated using LentiBOOST®/ Polybrene on iDCs, no effect on mDC phenotype or function was observed. Moreover, we achieved efficient HAdV5 transduction also in human monocytes and were able to subsequently differentiate them into proper iDCs and functional mDCs. In summary, we introduce LentiBOOST® comprising Polybrene as a highly potent adenoviral transduction agent for new in vitro applications in a set of different immune cells in both mice and humans.
Optimized Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) Based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) To Predict Carbon Price Under The Influence of Multiple Factors
Authors: Sun Wei , Ren Chumeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The promotion of carbon market can accelerate the pace of low-carbon transformation of China's economic structure and achieve more efficient carbon emission reduction. Accurate carbon price prediction is conducive to improving the risk management of carbon market and the decision-making of investors, but it also brings great challenges to relevant industry practitioners and the government. In this paper, a new hybrid model is proposed, which combines complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimized extreme learning machine (ELM). The application of GA-ELM in carbon price prediction is firstly studied in this paper. Eight intrinsic mode functions and one residual can be obtained by CEEMDAN, and then partial autocorrelation (PACF) is used to determine the partial correlation between each sequence and its lag data, and they were taken as internal factors affecting the prediction. At the same time, energy, economic and social factors are selected as the external factors affecting the prediction, and the carbon price prediction is realized through internal and external factors. It has been proved that the model successfully overcomes the challenge of carbon price prediction based on multiple influencing factors. The hybrid model shows superiority in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong. The results show that the prediction performance of the proposed model is the best among the 15 models, and the prediction accuracy will be improved due to the decomposition of the carbon price. Besides, the CEEMDAN-GA-ELM model better overcomes the challenge of carbon price prediction with multiple influencing factors. This model provides a novel and effective tool for the government and enterprises to predict the carbon price.