bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender discrimination of Populus tomentosa barks by HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistics
Authors: Wu Cui , Xu Bo , Li Zhuojun , Song Pingping , Chao Zhimao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint method with multivariate statistical analyses was applied to discriminate the male and female barks of Populus tomentosa for the first time. The samples of 11 male and 13 female barks of mature P. tomentosa were collected in Beijing. The chemical fingerprint of methanol extract was established by HPLC method with diode array detector (DAD). The principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were applied to discriminate male and female barks based on the area of common peaks identified in HPLC fingerprints. A clear grouping trend (R2X, 0.83; Q2, 0.595) among the male and female samples was exhibited by PCA score plot. Two groups were clearly divided into male and female samples by HCA. Both male and female samples were well discriminated with OPLS‐DA (R2X, 0.775; Q2, 0.795). Seven potential chemical markers were screened by variable importance in projection (VIP values >1.0) of OPLS‐DA model and four of them were identified as micranthoside, siebolside B, sakuranin, and isosakuranin. The HPLC fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analyses could be used to discriminate the gender of barks of P. tomentosa and revealed the differences in chemical components, which enriched the basic studies on dioecious plant.
Synthesis of polyester by means of polycondensation of diol ester and dicarboxylic acid ester through ester–ester exchange reaction
Authors: Katoh Takayoshi , Ogawa Yukiko , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBased on our finding that the ester‐ester exchange reaction between butyl benzoate and ethyl 4‐phenylbenzoate in the presence of a metal alkoxide is faster than the ester‐alcohol exchange reaction of butyl benzoate and ethanol, we investigated the synthesis of polyester through ester‐ester exchange reaction under various conditions. The polycondensation of diol formate and methyl dicarboxylate in the presence of a catalytic amount of potassium tert‐butoxide (tBuOK) in diglyme at 120 °C under reduced pressure (90–100 Torr) afforded high‐molecular‐weight polyesters. Methyl dicarboxylate containing an amino group could be used for this polycondensation, although the corresponding diacid chloride containing an amino group was not isolable. The ester‐ester exchange reaction could proceed even at the polyester backbone, and the reaction of poly(1,12‐dodecamethylene isophthalate) (PEs1) with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) in the presence of tBuOK at 140 °C afforded a copolymer PEs1‐stat‐PCL, the structure of which was confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy and DSC thermal analysis. A similar copolymer was also obtained by the polycondensation of dodecane‐1,12‐diol formate and dimethyl isophthalate in the presence of PCL and tBuOK at 120 °C under reduced pressure.
Primary and secondary caregiver depressive symptoms and family functioning following a pediatric cancer diagnosis: an exploration of the buffering hypothesis
Authors: Keim Madelaine C. , Fladeboe Kaitlyn , Galtieri Liana R. , Kawamura Joy , King Kevin , Friedman Debra , Compas Bruce , Breiger David , Lengua Liliana , Katz Lynn Fainsilber 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveAfter diagnosis, caregivers of children with cancer, particularly mothers or primary caregivers (PCs), often show elevated depressive symptoms which may negatively impact family functioning. We tested PC and secondary caregiver (SC) depressive symptoms as predictors of family, co‐parenting, and marital functioning and whether having a non‐depressed SC buffers against potential negative effects of PC depressive symptoms.MethodsFamilies (N = 137) were recruited from two major children's hospitals following a diagnosis of pediatric cancer. Caregivers completed self‐report measures of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) and marital functioning (Dyadic Adjustment Scale) at 1‐month post‐diagnosis. A subset of families (n = 75) completed videotaped interaction tasks at approximately 3‐months post‐diagnosis that were coded for family and co‐parenting interactions.ResultsHigher PC depressive symptoms at 1‐month post‐diagnosis was associated with higher adaptability and lower conflict in family functioning. PC depressive symptoms were also associated lower dyadic consensus and lower dyadic satisfaction. SC depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with any family/co‐parenting/marital functioning variables. Significant interaction analyses suggested that SC depressive symptoms moderated the effect of PC depressive symptoms on family cohesion, withdrawn parenting, and affective expression in the marriage, such that the relationship between PC depressive symptoms and poorer functioning was attenuated when SC depressive symptoms were at low or average levels.ConclusionsHaving a nondepressed SC buffered against negative effects of PC depressive symptoms on certain domains of family, coparenting, and marital functioning. SCs may play a protective role for families of children with cancer.
Development of a severity scale to assess chronic lung disease after extremely preterm birth
Authors: O'Brodovich Hugh M.  , Steinhorn Robin , Ward Robert M. , Hallman Mikko , Schwartz Ethan J. , Vanya Magdalena , Janssen Ellen M. , Mangili Alexandra , Han Linda , Sarda Sujata P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveChronic lung disease of prematurity (CLDP) is a frequent complication of prematurity. We aimed to identify what clinicians believe are the most important factors determining the severity of CLDP in extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks gestational age) after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through 12 months corrected age (CA), and to evaluate how these factors should be weighted for scoring, to develop a CLDP severity scale.Study designClinicians completed a three‐round online survey utilizing Delphi methodology. Clinicians rated the importance of various factors used to evaluate the severity of CLDP, from 0 (not at all important) to 10 (very important) for the period between discharge home from the NICU and 12 months CA. Fourteen factors were considered in Round 1; 13 in Rounds 2 and 3. The relative importance of factors was explored via a set of 16 single‐profile tasks (i.e., hypothetical patient profiles with varying CLDP severity levels).ResultsOverall, 91 clinicians from 11 countries who were experienced in treating prematurity‐related lung diseases completed Round 1; 88 completed Rounds 2 and 3. Based on Round 3, the most important factors in determining CLDP severity were mechanical ventilation (mean absolute importance rating, 8.89), supplemental oxygen ≥2 L/min (8.49), rehospitalizations (7.65), and supplemental oxygen <2 L/min (7.56). Single‐profile tasks showed that supplemental oxygen had the greatest impact on profile classification.ConclusionThe most important factors for clinicians assigning CLDP severity during infancy were mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen ≥2 L/min, and respiratory‐related rehospitalizations.
Efficacy and adherence of noninvasive ventilation treatment in children with Down syndrome
Authors: MacDonagh Lauren , Farrell Lisa , O'Reilly Ruth , McNally Paul , Javadpour Sheila , Cox Des W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveChildren with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a common modality of OSA treatment in this cohort. This study aimed to measure adherence and efficiency of NIV delivery in children with DS.Study designThis was a retrospective cohort study involving 106 children with confirmed OSA and home NIV with downloadable data capacity. Children were divided into DS (n = 44) and non‐DS cohorts (n = 62). Adherence, clinical outcomes apnea‐hypopnoea index (AHI), positive airway pressure delivery, and leakage were recorded and compared between DS and non‐DS cohorts and within the DS cohort based on past surgical history.ResultsSignificantly greater NIV usage was observed in the DS cohort, they showed more consistent use with an increased percentage of days used relative to their non‐DS counterparts (78.95 ± 2.26 vs. 72.11 ± 2.14, p = .031). However, despite greater usage, poorer clinical outcomes in the form of increased AHI (p = .0493) was observed in the DS cohort, where significantly greater leakage was also shown 41.00 ± 1.61 L/min versus 36.52 ± 1.18 L/min (p = .022). Twenty children with DS had prior cardiac surgery; compliance across all parameters was significantly reduced relative to those without.ConclusionThese data confirm that satisfactory NIV adherence is achievable in children with DS. However, we have identified excessive system leak at the machine‐patient interface as a factor, which could undermine NIV efficacy in children with DS.
Real‐time effects of COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown on pediatric respiratory patients
Authors: Cahal Michal , Amirav Israel , Diamant Nir , Be'er Moria , Besor Omri , Lavie Moran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveA national lockdown was implemented in Israel to slow the viral spread of COVID‐19. We assessed the real‐time effects of the lockdown on disease expression and lifestyle modifications in pediatric patients with chronic respiratory disorders.MethodsAn anonymous electronic questionnaire was distributed during lockdown (March–May 2020) to caregivers of patients with chronic respiratory disorders. The primary outcome was change in disease expression and the secondary outcomes were changes in lifestyle and caregivers’ emotional status.ResultsThe clinical status of one‐third of the 445 participating patients (age 0–18 years) reportedly improved, including decreased respiratory symptoms (n = 133, 33%), exacerbation frequency (n = 147, 35%), and use of reliever medications (n = 101, 27.4%). The condition of ~10% of the patients worsened. Clinical improvement was noted mostly in young patients <5 years (p = .001), asthmatic patients (p = .033), and patients with multiple underlying respiratory disorders (p = .015). Patients whose condition significantly worsened were more likely to be >5 years (p < .001), had increased screen time, decreased physical activity, and shorter sleep duration compared to their younger counterparts (p = .008, <.001, and .001, respectively). Caregivers’ reports (n = 236 [58%]) of their own anxiety levels and perceptions of the patients’ elevated health risk were increased, regardless of the children's actual clinical status.ConclusionCOVID‐19 lockdown was associated with clinical improvement/stability for most of the surveyed children; however, their caregivers' anxiety level was heightened. An increased sedentary lifestyle was reported mostly in older children.
Kinetic Modeling of Liquid Phase RDX Thermal Decomposition Process and its Application in the Slow Cook‐Off Test Prediction
Authors: Gu Jiangshan , Li Huabo , Zhao Xiaoqiao , Wu Wenqian , Chen Wanghua , Jin Penggang , Chen Liping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRDX is an important and commonly used energetic material. The understanding thermal decomposition process of RDX is of great significance for the safety of its production, storage, and use. However, due to the coupling of phase transition and thermal decomposition process, a multi‐step kinetic model including melting and decomposition process has not been established so far, which is not helpful to the prediction of its thermal behavior in different conditions. In this paper, Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to measure the decomposition characteristics of RDX at different heating rates. A four‐step consecutive reaction model A→Aliq→B→C→D was established to depict the melting and decomposition process. Then quench and reheat experiments were performed to determine the types of each step, where the reaction types are autocatalytic except that the step of B→C is an N‐order reaction. The model was used to predict the result of slow cook‐off test. It was found that the predicted time of thermal explosion is 0.2 h earlier than the experiment and the onset temperature is 0.6 °C smaller than experiment, which verifies the rationality of the kinetic model.
Mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Varroa mite, a parasite of honey bees, are widespread across the United States
Authors: Millán‐Leiva Anabel , Marín Óscar , Christmon Krisztina , vanEngelsdorp Dennis , González‐Cabrera Joel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDManaged honey bees are key pollinators of many crops and play an essential role in the United States food production. For more than ten years, beekeepers in the United States have been reporting high rates of colony losses. One of the drivers of these losses is the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. Maintaining healthy honey bee colonies in the United States is dependent on a successful control of this mite. The pyrethroid tau‐fluvalinate (Apistan®) was among the first synthetic varroacides registered in the United States. With over 20 years of use, mites resistant to Apistan® have emerged, and so it is unsurprising that treatment failures have been reported. Resistance to tau‐fluvalinate in US mite populations is associated with point mutations at position 925 of the voltage‐gated sodium channel.RESULTSHere, we have generated a distribution map of pyrethroid resistance alleles in Varroa samples collected from US apiaries in 2016 and 2017, using a high throughput allelic discrimination assay based on TaqMan®. Our results evidence that knockdown resistance (kdr)‐type mutations are widely distributed in Varroa populations across the country showing high variability among apiaries. We used these data to predict the phenotype of the mites in the case of treatments with pyrethroids.CONCLUSIONWe highlight the relevance of monitoring the resistance in mite populations to achieve an efficient control of this pest. We also put forward the benefits of implementing this methodology to provide data for designing pest management programs aiming to control Varroa. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
The rise, fall and resurrection of chemical‐induced resistance agents
Authors: Yassin Mustafa , Ton Jurriaan , Rolfe Stephen A , Valentine Tracy A , Cromey Matthew , Holden Nicola , Newton Adrian C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSince the discovery that the plant immune system could be augmented for improved deployment against biotic stressors through the exogenous application of chemicals that lead to induced resistance (IR), many such IR‐eliciting agents have been identified. Initially it was hoped that these chemical IR agents would be a benign alternative to traditional chemical biocides. However, owing to low efficacy and/or a realization that their benefits sometimes come at the cost of growth and yield penalties, chemical IR agents fell out of favour and were seldom used as crop protection products. Despite the lack of interest in agricultural use, researchers have continued to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of chemical IR. Moreover, as we move away from the approach of ‘zero tolerance’ toward plant pests and pathogens toward integrated pest management, chemical IR agents could have a place in the plant protection product list. In this review, we chart the rise and fall of chemical IR agents, and then explore a variety of strategies used to improve their efficacy and remediate their negative adverse effects. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Using a quick timed‐up‐and‐go test to predict surgical risk
Authors: Boereboom Catherine L. , McGuinness Rachel B. , Herrod Philip J. J. , Blackwell James E. M. , Sian Tanvir S. , Boyd‐Carson Hannah , Williams John P. , Lund Jonathan N. , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has important implications for post‐operative recovery. The timed‐up‐and‐go (TUG) test is a cheap and simple method to assess a patient's functional performance; although how well TUG correlates with results of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), the gold standard measure of CRF is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between CPET‐derived parameters of CRF and TUG times in a group of older adults.MethodsNinety‐eight independent community dwelling older adults [mean age: 72 years (range: 61–86), mean body mass index: 26.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2, 54 male] were recruited to this study; completing 180 CPET and TUG testing sessions over a 28 month period. The correlation between CPET‐derived CRF parameters and TUG time was assessed, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine clinically useful cut‐off points in TUG time.ResultsMedian TUG time was 7.1 s [interquartile range (IQR): 4–8.5], median VO2 peak was 24.4 mL/kg/min (IQR: 20.2–29.2), and the median anaerobic threshold (AT) was 13.4 mL/kg/min (IQR: 8.6–16.5). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between TUG time and AT (r = −0.317, P = <0.0001) and TUG time and VO2 peak (r = −0.4247, P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined a TUG time of ≥6.5 s to have an 82% sensitivity and 60% specificity to detect an AT <11.0 mL/kg/min, the point at below which perioperative mortality is known to increase.ConclusionsDespite strong evidence for the utility of pre‐operative CPET in stratifying surgical risk, CPET is not universally available. Our finding of a correlation between TUG time and CPET‐derived parameters of CRF (AT/VO2 peak) suggests that TUG may be a useful surrogate in the pre‐operative setting.
Neutralising antibody escape of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein: Risk assessment for antibody‐based Covid‐19 therapeutics and vaccines
Authors: Focosi Daniele , Maggi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2021

SummaryThe Spike protein is the target of both antibody‐based therapeutics (convalescent plasma, polyclonal serum, monoclonal antibodies) and vaccines. Mutations in Spike could affect efficacy of those treatments. Hence, monitoring of mutations is necessary to forecast and readapt the inventory of therapeutics. Different phylogenetic nomenclatures have been used for the currently circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 clades. The Spike protein has different hotspots of mutation and deletion, the most dangerous for immune escape being the ones within the receptor binding domain (RBD), such as K417N/T, N439K, L452R, Y453F, S477N, E484K, and N501Y. Convergent evolution has led to different combinations of mutations among different clades. In this review we focus on the main variants of concern, that is, the so‐called UK (B.1.1.7), South African (B.1.351) and Brazilian (P.1) strains.
Application of Delafossite AgFeO2 Nanoparticles as SERS Substrate and Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Limaye Mukta V. , Pramanik Monidipa , Singh Shashi B. , Paik Gyan Ranjan , Singh Prabhat 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have used simple chemical route to synthesize delafossite silver ferrite (AgFeO2) nanoparticles (NPs). AgFeO2 NPs were utilized as Raman substrate for detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules. AgFeO2 NPs substrate show excellent Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activity, which enables ultrasensitive detection of R6G with a concentration down to 1 picomolar (1 pM) with an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.6×1010. The observed SERS signal enhancement in this AgFeO2 NPs system is attributed to a combination of electromagnetic (EM) enhancement, charge ‐ transfer (CT) effect between R6G analyte molecules and AgFeO2 NPs surface and Resonance Raman (RR) effect. Further, AgFeO2 NPs were used to study its antibacterial activity against certain different pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial studies showed that the AgFeO2 NPs possesses potential inhibitory effect against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. In addition, AgFeO2 NPs was found cytotoxic to yeast cells. The stable aqueous colloids of AgFeO2 NPs may find potential applications in the biomedical field as a sensing platform for the trace level detection of analyte molecules and antimicrobial agent.
Copper Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Amines in Ionic Liquid Using 1‐Aryltriazenes as Aryl Surrogates
Authors: Kim Kang M. , Kim Kang Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractServing [TMG][CH3COO] ionic liquid as solvent and promoter, a competent access to unsymmetrically substituted secondary amine is accomplished through a copper catalyzed mono arylation of aromatic/aliphatic amines with diverse 1‐aryltriazenes. No base, ligand, co‐catalyst, additional promoter or additives are necessary to drive the reaction. Varied functional group tolerance, shorter reaction time, better product yield, recycle and re‐use of ionic liquid highlight this reaction as a better eco‐friendly alternative for the conventional synthesis.
Sequential Pull‐Down Purification of DNA Origami Superstructures
Authors: Ye Jingjing , Teske Josephine , Kemper Ulrich , Seidel Ralf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigher‐order superstructures of individual DNA origami building blocks are frequently used in DNA nanotechnology in order to increase the structure dimensions and complexity. Here, a purification method is presented to specifically enrich a fully assembled superstructure out of an excess of substructures. The approach is based on pull‐down reactions with magnetic beads, where superstructures are captured via an anchor strand on a specific terminus and then become separated from terminus‐free structures. By carrying out several pull‐down reactions sequentially on different termini, the full superstructures that possess all termini become finally enriched. The approach is demonstrated by purifying linear origami superstructures with up to nine monomers by two‐sided pull‐down reactions and a T‐shaped superstructure in a three‐sided pull‐down reaction. In all cases, high recovery yields and purities are obtained. A crucial prerequisite for the sequential pull‐down scheme is the establishment of highly specific, orthogonal sequence sets for capture, and anchor strands. It is expected that the introduced approach provides a useful and universal method to purify complex DNA origami superstructures with high specificity and yield and this way allows the massive parallel fabrication of nanostructures at high homogeneity.
Indirect Electrosynthesis with Halogen Ions as Mediators
Authors: Lian Fei , Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOrganic electrosynthesis has gained increasing research interest as it harvests electric current as redox regents, thereby providing a sustainable alternative to conventional approaches. Compared with direct electrosynthesis, indirect electrosynthesis employs mediator(s) to lower the overpotentials for substrate activation, and enhance the reaction efficiency and functional group compatibility by shifting the heterogenous electron transfer process to be homogenous. As one of the most versatile and cost‐efficient mediators, halogen mediators are always combined with an irreversible halogenation reaction. Thus, the electrochemical reaction between halogen mediators and substrates doesn't directly controlled by the two standard potentials difference. In this account, our recent developments in the area of halogen‐mediated indirect electrosynthesis are summarized. The anodically generated halogen species from halogenide salts have the abilities to undergo electron‐transfer (ET) or hydrogen‐atom‐ transfer (HAT) processes. The reaction features, scopes, limitations, and mechanistic rationalisations are discussed in this account. We hope our studies will contribute to the future developments to broaden the scope of halogen‐mediated electrosynthesis.