bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTION AND HEALTH RISK AWARENESS OF WHITEVERTISED SKINCARE PRODUCTS AMONG WOMEN IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ekwenchi Ogochukwu Charity , Ononiwu Chinedu Richard 
Published: July 2021

‘Whitevertised’ skincare products are found in such societies as Nigeria where women show reverence for white skin. They are presented using a plethora of advertisement techniques that can make white skin appear desirable. Anchored on social constructionism and selective perception theory, this study aimed to find out how women in Anambra State perceive these products and their awareness of the health risks they can pose. To achieve these objectives, a quantitative approach involving survey was adopted. Data were collected from a random sample of 400 women. Findings showed that these products are prevalent and are used by most of the respondents to ‘maintain’ their skin colour. The study also showed that the perception towards these products varied with age and educational qualification, and was also shown to be influenced by price, place of origin, scientification, celebrity-endorsements and past experiences. In addition, findings from the study showed that the health risk awareness of the risks these products can pose was low among the younger respondents and the least educated. Based on these findings, this study recommended health awareness campaigns targeted at the young and least educated who were shown in this study as most vulnerable.
Aspek Biologi Ikan Kawalinya (Selar crumenophthalmus) yang Tertangkap dengan Pukat Cincin (Purse Seine) di Perairan Banda
Authors: Senen Budiono , Munira Munira 
Published: July 2021

Ikan selar (Selar crumenopthalmus) atau dalam nama lokal dikenal dengan ikan kawalinya adalah jenis ikan konsumsi ekonomis penting yang juga digunakan sebagai ikan umpan dalam penangkapan ikan tuna di Kepulauan Banda. Tingkat pemanfaatan ikan ini yang diduga cukup tinggi, dikhawatirkan akan memberikan dampak terhadap populasinya. Oleh karena itu salah satu kegiatan dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan pengelolaan ikan pelagis di Kepulauan Banda adalah penelitian tentang aspek biologi Ikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama bulan Februari sampai Maret 2020 dengan sampel ikan yang diambil secara acak dari hasil tangkapan nelayan sebanyak 25 ekor per minggu selama delapan minggu. Data hasil penelitian digunakan untuk mengkaji aspek biologi diantaranya frekewensi panjang, hubungan panjang berat, tingkat kematangan gonad dan nisbah kelamin. Dari 200 ekor ikan yang dikoleksi menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi panjang ikan kawalinya berkisar antara 14,5-25,6 cm, dengan pola pertumbuhan isometrik (b=3) dan nisbah kelaminnya 1:1,23. Tingkat kematangan gonad ikan kawalinya yang teramati selama penelitian berada pada status TKG II dan TKG V. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disarankan perlu adanya kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya kawalinya dengan kesepakatan penggunaan ukuran mata jaring yang selektif.
Model Struktural dalam Menilai Hubungan Antara Faktor Internal dan Faktor Eksternal terhadap Prestasi Belajar Agama Islam
Authors: Darwin Darwin , Ismail Irwan 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memperoleh informasi akurat tentang kecerdasan emosional dan perilaku belajar (faktor internal) siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon; (2) memperoleh informasi akurat tentang iklim sekolah (faktor eksternal) siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon; (3) memperoleh informasi akurat tentang prestasi belajar siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon; dan (4) memverifikasi suatu model aplikatif struktual prestasi belajar Agama Islam siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon berkaitan dengan faktor internal dan faktor eksternal siswa. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian ex-post facto bersifat hubungan sebab akibat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa SMK Muhamadiyah Ambon tahun akademik 2019/2020. Sampel penelitian yaitu 145 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel proporsional stratified random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan Struktural Equation Modeling (SEM). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: (1) Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon memiliki rata-rata kecerdasan emosional yang tinggi dan perilaku belajar yang baik; (2) Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon mempunyai iklim sekolah yang kondusif; (3) Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon mempunyai prestasi belajar Agama Islam yang tinggi; dan (4) Model aplikatif struktural prestasi belajar Agama Islam siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon yang memenuhi goodness of fit yaitu faktor internal (kecerdasan emosional dan perilaku belajar) berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sedangkan faktor eksternal (iklim sekolah) tidak berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Ambon.
El marketing de guerrilla en el entorno rural: Hacia una comunicación estratégica de las acciones de impacto
Authors: López Alonso Esmeralda , Moreno López Begoña 
Published: July 2021

El éxodo de habitantes de los pueblos a las ciudades está provocando que varias provincias en España sufran una grave despoblación, principalmente, por la carencia de infraestructuras, la falta de servicios públicos y la mala imagen del medio rural. Con el fin de revertir esta situación, algunos municipios buscan opciones para retener a los vecinos y atraer a posibles inversores y turistas. A pesar de ser una tarea complicada por la escasez de recursos económicos y humanos, parece que las acciones de impacto o guerrilla son una de las alternativas más utilizadas.
Nuestro objetivo general ha sido realizar una prospectiva de cómo se están gestionando estas iniciativas, en relación con el marketing de guerrilla y la comunicación, a través de la investigación cualitativa. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existen lagunas de conocimiento sobre esta temática y no se planifican estrategias de comunicación de forma profesionalizada.
Cómo crear "packagings" que atraigan al cerebro del consumidor: una investigación de neurodiseño de "packaging"
Authors: Cuesta Cambra Ubaldo 
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio Estudios Financieros 2020 en la modalidad de Marketing y Publicidad.
La importancia del packaging es extraordinaria: representa la «conexión visual, cognitiva y emocional» entre el producto, la marca y el cliente. En un entorno visualmente tan competitivo, captar la atención inconsciente del consumidor es esencial. Esta investigación muestra, mediante una investigación aplicada en neurodiseño de packaging, cómo emplear los conceptos y herramientas fundamentales para colaborar con los diseñadores, proporcionando los datos necesarios para decidir sobre cuatro packagings. Estos cuatro estímulos son analizados a partir de las variables de atención bottom up (inconscientes) y top down (conscientes) más relevantes a la hora de definir un packaging: recorrido visual y áreas de interés (mediante eye-tracking), engagement y compromiso (mediante facial expression: Affectiva), arousal provocado por el estímulo (mediante respuesta dermoeléctrica: GSR), test de elección rápida forzada (pick-up forzado) y cuestionario de motivos de compra. Los resultados suponen una importante aportación técnica y metodológica para el área del neuromarketing y el neurodiseño.
Los resultados de 2003
Authors: Cruz José Miguel 
Published: July 2021

En el artículo se exploran tres aspectos de los resultados de las elecciones de 2003. En primer lugar, las tendencias de crecimiento en la participación electoral, en función de las elecciones del año 2000; en segundo lugar, las tendencias de crecimiento de cada partido por departamento; y, finalmente, las tendencias que llevaron al resultado de las elecciones municipales de San Salvador. El autor concluye que el abstencionismo aún es la tendencia dominante; que los más victoriosos de la elección fueron los partidos que no están en los polos y que ARENA no fue capaz de recuperar la alcaldía capitalina, debido a su incapacidad para desarrollar una campaña coherente, en torno a su candidata.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 653-654, 2003: 197-212.
Premio de los Derechos Humanos de la República Francesa al IDHUCA. Por un mundo mejor y más justo. Discurso de la embajadora de Francia, Lydie Gazarian
Authors: Gazarian Lydie 
Published: July 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 655, 2003: 361-363.
Verdad y justicia en la transición democrática mexicana. La Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos y su investigación sobre la "guerra sucia"
Authors: López Menéndez Marisol 
Published: July 2021

En la década de los noventa, México vivió una serie de transformaciones importantes en todos los órdenes: liberalización comercial, apertura económica, reducción del aparato estatal, etc. Además, surgieron nuevas instituciones: la Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos (CNDH), la Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico, el Consejo de la Judicatura Federal o el Tribunal Electoral. Aunado a lo anterior, también aparecieron cientos de organismos denominados "civiles" que, aunque se dedicaron a una amplia gama de actividades, enfocaron su atención a la defensa de los derechos humanos y la transparencia y limpieza en los procesos electorales. Desde esta perspectiva, la autora analiza la actuación de la Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos en la investigación de las violaciones de los derechos humanos, cometidas entre 1968 y 1984, época en que se desarrolló la llamada "guerra sucia" contra grupos guerrilleros y organizaciones sociales, que se consideraban cercanas a ellos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 655, 2003: 435-444.
Nace la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: De Derechos Humanos de la UCA Instituto 
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se hace alusión a la creación, los objetivos y los beneficios que trae consigo la Corte Penal Internacional. Con esta Institución, el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario ---el "derecho de las guerras" --- ya no dependerá de la "buena voluntad" de los estados miembros de Naciones Unidas ---en especial, la de los pertenecientes a su Consejo de Seguridad-, elevándose con ello los niveles para su respeto. Su establecimiento persigue alcanzar los objetivos de los múltiples tratados internacionales, encaminados a proteger, de forma más eficaz, a la población, cuando ésta resulta afectada por los conflictos armados. La Corte Penal Internacional acompañará al Tribunal de Justicia Internacional, principal órgano judicial de Naciones Unidas y dependiente de ésta, con lo cual se robustecerá el funcionamiento de las instituciones judiciales supranacionales. La responsabilidad que define el Tribunal de Justicia Internacional es la estatal, por lo que se encuentra, tanto material como formalmente, imposibilitado para determinar la responsabilidad penal internacional de individuos que hayan cometido alguno o algunos de los crímenes internacionales. Por esto, la creación y el funcionamiento de una Corte Penal Internacional pretende poner fin a la impunidad de los autores de los crímenes mencionados, así como brindar a los estados un mecanismo penal complementario al de su jurisdicción interna.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 58, No. 655, 2003: 445-459.
CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM HIM FOR TODAY?
Authors: McGowan Andrew 
Published: July 2021

In this article, the author gives an account of the life and theology of C.H. Spurgeon (1834-1892), the famous Reformed Baptist Minister, who preached in London in the second half of the nineteenth century. The account demonstrates that Spurgeon was not only the most renowned preacher of his day, most of whose sermons were published and are still read widely today but also an author who published many volumes. In addition to his work as preacher and writer, Spurgeon built children’s orphanages, started a theological college and assisted in many noble causes. As part of this benevolent work, his church contributed large sums to support poor relief.
Having told Spurgeon’s story, the article then indicates six areas of Spurgeon’s life and ministry which are helpful for us today: his Passion for Souls; his Devotion to Prayer and Study; His attitude to the Bible & Expository Ministry; his Pastoral Ministry; His Practical Christianity; and His refusal to compromise on the truth of the gospel.
KEYWORDS: Spurgeon, ministry, preach, Bible
TWO HERMENEUTICAL TENSIONS IN EVANGELICAL FEMINISM
Authors: Poythress Vern S. 
Published: July 2021

This article shows that there are at least two key hermeneutical tensions in evangelical feminist interpretation of the Bible. The first hermeneutical tension concern the issue of readers' prejudices. Feminists remind us that readers are always disposed to read texts against the background of their own expectations, customs, and world views. And the second hermeneutical tension, namely the tension over the nature of the actual practices of the first century church. Evangelical feminists have tended to give different answers depending on the passage that they are interpreting. In sum, feminism in its hermeneutical principles alerts us to the role of reader prejudice and social background in understanding texts.
KEYWORDS: Hermeneutic, feminist, prejudice, Christian
Meteor radar observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes over Svalbard
Authors: Younger Joel P. , Reid Iain M. , Adami Chris L. , Hall Chris M. , Tsutsumi Masaki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. A 31 MHz meteor radar located in Svalbard was used to observe
polar mesospheric echoes (PMSEs) during summer 2020. Data from 19 July were
selected for detailed analysis, with a focus on extracting additional
information to characterize the atmosphere in the PMSE region. The use of an
all-sky meteor radar adds an additional use to data collected for meteor
observations and enables the detection of PMSE layers across a wide field of
view. Comparison with data from a 53.5 MHz narrow-beam mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar shows
good agreement in the morphology of the layer as detected between the two
systems. Doppler spectra of PMSE layers reveal fine structure, including
regions of enhanced return that move across the radar's field of view. Examination of the
relationship between range and Doppler shift of off-zenith portions of the
layer enables the estimation of wind speeds with high temporal resolution
during PMSE conditions. Trials demonstrate good agreement between wind speeds
obtained from PMSE Doppler spectra and those calculated from specular meteor
trail radial velocities. Combined with the antenna polar diagram of the radar,
this same relationship was used to infer the aspect sensitivity of observed
PMSE backscatter, yielding a mean backscatter angular width of 6.8±3.3∘. A comparison of underdense meteor radar echo decay times
during and outside of PMSE conditions did not demonstrate a strong correlation
between the presence of PMSEs and shortened underdense meteor radar echo
durations.
Seasonal cycling of zinc and cobalt in the south-eastern Atlantic along the GEOTRACES GA10 section
Authors: Wyatt Neil J. , Milne Angela , Achterberg Eric P. , Browning Thomas J. , Bouman Heather A. , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Lohan Maeve C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We report the distributions and stoichiometry of dissolved zinc (dZn) and
cobalt (dCo) in sub-tropical and sub-Antarctic waters of the south-eastern
Atlantic Ocean during austral spring 2010 and summer 2011/2012. In
sub-tropical surface waters, mixed-layer dZn and dCo concentrations during
early spring were 1.60 ± 2.58 nM and 30 ± 11 pM, respectively,
compared with summer values of 0.14 ± 0.08 nM and 24 ± 6 pM. The
elevated spring dZn concentrations resulted from an apparent offshore
transport of elevated dZn at depths between 20–55 m, derived from
the Agulhas Bank. In contrast, open-ocean sub-Antarctic surface waters
displayed largely consistent inter-seasonal mixed-layer dZn and dCo
concentrations of 0.10 ± 0.07 nM and 11 ± 5 pM, respectively.
Trace metal stoichiometry, calculated from concentration inventories,
suggests a greater overall removal for dZn relative to dCo in the upper water
column of the south-eastern Atlantic, with inter-seasonally decreasing dZn / dCo
inventory ratios of 19–5 and 13–7 mol mol−1 for
sub-tropical surface water and sub-Antarctic surface water, respectively. In
this paper, we investigate how the seasonal influences of external input and
phytoplankton succession may relate to the distribution of dZn and dCo and
variation in dZn / dCo stoichiometry across these two distinct ecological
regimes in the south-eastern Atlantic.
Groundwater fluctuations during a debris flow event in western Norway – triggered by rain and snowmelt
Authors: Bondevik Stein , Sorteberg Asgeir 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Pore pressure is crucial in triggering debris slides and
flows. Here we present measurements of groundwater pore pressure and
temperature recorded by a piezometer 1.6 m below the surface on a slope
susceptible to debris flows in western Norway. One of the largest
oscillations in data collected over 4 years coincided with a debris flow
event on the slope that occurred during storm Hilde on 15–16 November 2013.
More than 100 landslides were registered during the storm. Precipitation
totaled about 80–100 mm in 24 h, locally up to 129 mm, and an
additional trigger factor for the landslides was a rapid rise in air
temperature that caused snowmelt. In the studied slope a fraction of the
precipitation first fell as snow. On 15 November, the groundwater level in
the hillslope rose by 10 cm/h and reached 44 cm below the surface. At
the same time, air temperature rose from 0 ∘C to over 8 ∘C, and the groundwater temperature dropped by 1.5 ∘C.
The debris flow probably occurred late in the evening of 15 November, when
the groundwater level reached its peak. Measurements of the groundwater in
the hillslope in the period 2010–2013 show that the event in 2013 was not
exceptional. Storm Dagmar on 25–26 December 2011 caused a similar rise in
groundwater level but did not trigger any failures. The data suggest that
during heavy rainstorms the slope is in a critical state for a landslide to
be triggered for a short time – about 4–5 h.
The size-of-source effect in thermography
Authors: Budzier Helmut , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In thermometry, the displayed temperature value of an object depends on the size of the object. This behaviour, also known as the size-of-source effect (SSE), might be a major cause of measurement uncertainty in a thermoscene. The SSE is caused by diffraction, scattering, reflection, aberration and digitization in the optoelectronic propagation path. The influence of diffraction and digitization (sampling and pixelization) can be described
advantageously with the modulation transfer function MTF. The system MTF of an uncooled camera is determined by the diffraction in
the lens (optical MTF) and the averaging of the radiation over the pixel area (pixel MTF). If the system MTF is known,
the contrast reduction and, thus, the SSE can be calculated. Especially with very small objects, e.g. hotspots creating an image covering less than
4 pixel × 4 pixel on the focal plane, the displayed temperatures are much too low. When imaging large objects, such as area blackbodies,
not only the edge areas are affected, but also the entire image. Finally, the contrast reduction by the MTF is explained by means of a complex scene (Siemens star).
Surges of Harald Moltke Bræ, north-western Greenland: seasonal modulation and initiation at the terminus
Authors: Müller Lukas , Horwath Martin , Scheinert Mirko , Mayer Christoph , Ebermann Benjamin , Floricioiu Dana , Krieger Lukas , Rosenau Ralf , Vijay Saurabh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Harald Moltke Bræ, a marine-terminating glacier in north-western Greenland, shows episodic surges. A recent surge from 2013 to 2019 lasted significantly longer (6 years) than previously observed surges (2–4 years) and exhibits a pronounced seasonality with flow velocities varying by 1 order of magnitude (between about 0.5 and 10 m d−1) in the course of a year. During this 6-year period, the seasonal velocity always peaked in the early melt season and decreased abruptly when meltwater runoff was maximum. Our data suggest that the seasonality has been similar during previous surges. Furthermore, the analysis of satellite images and digital elevation models shows that the surge from 2013 to 2019 was preceded by a rapid frontal retreat and a pronounced thinning at the glacier front (30 m within 3 years). We discuss possible causal mechanisms of the seasonally modulated surge behaviour by examining various system-inherent factors (e.g. glacier geometry) and external factors (e.g. surface mass balance). The seasonality may be caused by a transition of an inefficient subglacial system to an efficient one, as known for many glaciers in Greenland. The patterns of flow velocity and ice thickness variations indicate that the surges are initiated at the terminus and develop through an up-glacier propagation of ice flow acceleration. Possibly, this is facilitated by a simultaneous up-glacier spreading of surface crevasses and weakening of subglacial till. Once a large part of the ablation zone has accelerated, conditions may favour substantial seasonal flow acceleration through seasonally changing meltwater availability. Thus, the seasonal amplitude remains high for 2 or more years until the fast ice flow has flattened the ice surface and the glacier stabilizes again.
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening
Authors: Heuzé Céline , Zhou Lu , Mohrmann Martin , Lemos Adriano 
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Knowing when sea ice will open is crucial, notably for scientific deployments. This was particularly obvious when the Weddell Polynya, a large opening in the winter Southern Ocean sea ice, unexpectedly re-appeared in 2016. As no precursor had been detected, observations were limited to chance autonomous sensors, and the exact cause of the opening could not be determined accurately. We investigate here whether the signature of the vertical ocean motions or that of the leads, which ultimately re-open the polynya, are detectable in spaceborne infrared temperature before the polynya opens. From the full historical sea ice concentration record, we find 30 polynyas starting from 1980. Then, using the full time series of the spaceborne infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, we determine that these events can be detected in the 2 weeks before the polynya opens as a reduction in the variance of the data. For the three commonly used infrared brightness temperature bands, the 15 d sum and 15 d
standard deviation of their area median and maximum are systematically lower than the climatology when a polynya will open. Moreover, by comparing the infrared brightness temperature to atmospheric reanalysis, hydrographic mooring data, and autonomous profilers, we find that temporal oscillations in one band and the decrease in the difference between bands may be used as proxies for upwelling of warm water and presence of leads, respectively, albeit with caution. Therefore, although infrared data are strongly limited by their horizontal resolution and sensitivity to clouds, they could be used for studying ocean or atmosphere preconditioning of polynyas in the historical record.