bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and immunological characteristic and dynamic of the secondary diseases stage of HIV infection in children, taking into account the route of infection
Authors: Denisenko V. B. , Simovanyan E. M. 
Published: October 2021

The purpose is to characterize the clinical picture, immune status and the natural history of HIV infection in the stage of secondary diseases in vertical and parenteral infected children.Materials and methods. A clinical, laboratory, instrumental, immunological examination of 132 children in the stage of secondary diseases infected with HIV in a vertical way (90; I group) and parenteral way in infancy (42; II group) was carried. Results. The clinical picture of HIV infection in the stage of secondary diseases included various combinations of HIV-associated symptoms, opportunistic infections, tumors, which determines the symptomatology of a particular stage. The use of the Cox regression mathematical model of proportional intensities demonstrated a reduction in the duration of stage 4A (RR 5.8; 95% CI 1.4—10.5; P < 0.001), 4B (RR 3.4; 95% CI 1.8—4.3; P < 0.001) and 4V (RR 4.8; 95% CI 1.2—8.9; P < 0.001) in children of group I. Using the method of multiplying Kaplan-Meier estimates, the significant differences between the time curves from the beginning of the 4A stage (Р = 0.044), 4B (P < 0.001) and 4V (Р = 0.029) before the transition to the subsequent stage in children of groups I and II were established. The content of CD4 lymphocytes in the blood in patients of group I was higher as compared with group II at the time of debut of stages 4A (Me 37.5%, IQI 33—40% and Me 22%, IQI 18—24%; Р < 0.001), 4B (Me 25%, IQI 22—28% and Me 20%, IQI 18—22%; Р < 0.001) and 4V (Me 14%, IQI 12—18% and Me 11%, IQI 10—14%; Р = 0.047).Conclusion. HIV infection in the stage of secondary diseases in children infected with the vertical way is characterized by more rapid progression compared with parenteral infected in infancy patients, which is associated with the immaturity of the immune system.
New coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children: clinical, laboratory and diagnostic aspects
Authors: Nosyreva S. Yu. , Pankov A. S. , Korneev A. G. 
Published: October 2021

The study of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children is relevant and of interest for practical health care.Purpose: to identify the clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 in the context of the six-month dynamics of the pandemic in children of the Orenburg region and to formulate recommendations for optimizing the diagnosis of this disease.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 2661 results of detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA (including 170 children) was carried out on the basis of the microbiological laboratory of the Orenburg State Medical University. Age and sex, structure of preliminary diagnoses, main clinical manifestations, frequency of testing and dynamics of the PCR threshold cycle in September 2020 and January 2021 were assessed.Results. The proportion of children examined in the Orenburg region from September 2020 to January 2021 increased from 4.6 ± 0.6% to 8.1 ± 0.7%. At the same time, the number of PCR + results also significantly increased from 5.0 ± 2.8% to 8.2 ± 2.6% (χ2 = 54.81; p = 0). The average age of children was 9—10 years old. The main reason for referral was pre-hospitalization screening not related to COVID-19. The proportion of PCR + results in this cohort was significantly lower in children than in adults. Among the clinically manifested forms in adults, the leading diagnosis was «pneumonia», and in children «ARVI». In childhood, a predominantly asymptomatic course of the disease was recorded. In children, unlike adults, PCR Ct values did not correlate with the severity and duration of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19.Conclusion. Due to the low diagnostic value of symptoms in children, it is more expedient to focus on epidemiological data and data from the results of laboratory examination methods. When interpreting the results of PCR diagnostics of COVID-19 for prognostic purposes, it is important to take into account the patient's age.
Characteristics of post-vaccination immunity in students vaccinated against hepatitis B in the first year of life
Authors: Shamsheva O. V. , Kochetova E. O. , Polesko I. V. , Mayorova O. A. , Belyakova V. V. , Konev V. A. 
Published: October 2021

Most researchers agree that the level of protective anti-HBs decreases with age after 3-fold immunization in the first year of life, which requires the introduction of a booster dose at least 5—7 years after the completed vaccination. It is necessary to continue monitoring those vaccinated against hepatitis B in the first year of life, including those from occupational risk groups.Objective: to assess the frequency and level of anti-HBs 18 or more years after the completed course of vaccination against hepatitis B according to the standard scheme in the first year of life and to identify risk groups that need revaccination.Of 116 donor students in Moscow, 18—22 years after the completed course of vaccination against hepatitis B according to the standard scheme carried out in the first year of life, in 42.3% of cases, the titer of specific antibodies was determined below the protective level (< 10 mME/ml). At the same time, the share of seronegative individuals among medical students was higher (52.8%). Of 116 donor students, in 38.8% of cases, the titer of protective antibodies was determined in low (10—100 mME/ml) and only in 13.8% — in high (100—1000 mME/ml) and in 5.2% — very high (> 1000 mME/ml) values. Markers of DNA HBV, HBsAg, and anti-HBcor were not detected in any cases. Medical students primarily need a revaccination against hepatitis B without a preliminary study of the initial titers of specific antibodies.
Clinical and epidemiological features of the course of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children during periods of an increase in the incidence in Moscow in 2020-2021
Authors: Mazankova L. N. , Samitova E. R. , Osmanov I. M. , Afukov I. I. , Dracheva N. A. , Malakhov A. B. , Gutyrchik T. A. , Akimkin V. G. , Ploskireva A. A. , Taranov L. O. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose: to identify the features of COVID-19 infection in children at different periods of the epidemiological rise in the incidence in the city of Moscow.Results. The article presents the observation of 1561 children hospitalized in the State Medical Institution «Children's City Clinical Hospital named after Z. A. Bash-lyaeva DZM» with a diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 during the periods of epidemiological rises in morbidity («2nd and 3rd waves of COVID-19»). An increase in the number of hospitalized children during the «3rd wave of COVID-19», early admission dates from the onset of the disease, due to the lack of treatment effect in outpatient settings, the predominance of school-age children and adolescents, the predominant course of infection with the development of viral pneumonia CT2-3, less often CT3-4, a 10-fold reduction in the number of children with MIS-syndrome, an elongation of the period of viral release in patients.
Clinical case of a new coronavirus infection in a teenager with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Meskina E. R. , Tselipanova E. E. , Sokhatyuk T. A. 
Published: October 2021

The relevance of monitoring the course of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in combination with comorbid pathology is obvious, since this new infection with immunopathological pathogenesis is not fully understood.The article presents a clinical case of COVID-19 disease in a 14-year-old teenager from the Moscow region, who developed against the background of severe ulcerative ileocolitis of moderate activity. The new coronavirus infection contributed to the recurrence of ulcerative colitis, which required observation and treatment in a hospital setting.The examination revealed: mild hypochromic posthemorrhagic anemia, signs of hypercoagulation characteristic of the course of ulcerative colitis; excluded: opportunistic infections, pneumonia, acute intestinal infections and intestinal bleeding.The standard complex therapy of ulcerative colitis without the inclusion of immunosuppressors made it possible to avoid a more severe and complicated course of the new coronavirus infection. COVID-19 in the teenager was mild, antiviral therapy was not used.
A Study On Application Of Blockchain Technology To Control Counterfeit Drugs, Enhance Data Privacy and Improve Distribution In Online Pharmacy
Authors: Singh Deepnshu , Chaddah Jyotinder Kaur 
Published: October 2021

Technology has always emerged to embolden the existing working process. On the one hand, it encourages transparency, accessibility and robustness in the system and on the other hand, it begets mitigation of the risks and allows us to detect, evaluate and eliminate vulnerability in the system. The most prominent technologies in todays’ world like Artificial Intelligence, Virtual/Augmented Reality, Automation, Cloud Computing are thriving to solve society’s problems and ensure the expedition in the process from its previous generation.
Blockchain technology is no exception in providing the solution to eliminate the counterfeit markets across the globe and building trust among parties to do business without the fear of indulging or facing any unscrupulous business.
Blockchain technology can ensure data privacy while improving supply chain transparency and reducing fraud. It can provide all stakeholders within a certain supply chain with access to the same information, potentially reducing errors. A decentralised application can pave the way to promulgate online pharmaceutical business where health information and each stakeholders’ data is not compromised. Against this backdrop the research conducted throws light on the challenges in the online medical drug and devices’ distribution and proposes a solution, an architectural design for blockchain technology in an online pharmaceutical platform to mitigate the counterfeit market while bringing efficiency to the ecosystem.
An Integrated Framework of Leadership for Healthcare Organizations to Navigate Through COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Jha Mukul Kumar 
Published: October 2021

COVID-19 crisis has strained healthcare systems immensely creating a multi-front challenge to overcome. Healthcare leaders face stressful situations like long arduous hours of work, isolation from their loved ones, immense mental health issues along with fighting false narratives and campaigns by social media. Hence, there is a dire need for leaders to embrace this uncertainty and evolve by adopting a strategic shift in their mindset.
To propose an effective functional leadership model of practice during crisis, author has undertaken a qualitative approach to understand the various literature published on crisis management, reviewed the literature on healthcare leadership, contextualized the papers about unique challenges posed by a crisis like COVID-19, and utilize the learnings to design an integrated framework for healthcare organizations to be applied during a crisis.
Author presents a systems-based view of leadership challenges in healthcare organizations during a crisis and proposes a unique framework of 3A- Acknowledge, Activate, and Agility which could serve a comprehensive tool of strategic leadership for healthcare leaders to adopt during a crisis. When healthcare organizations adopt the principles embedded within 3A model elements, it would help them realize better patient outcomes, develop compassionate organizational culture, and enhance professional satisfaction within their teams.
Role of Regulatory Authorities on the Working of Contract Research Organization and Pharmaceutical Company’s Clinical Trials in India
Authors: Chauhan Poonam , Mendonca Monica 
Published: October 2021

The evolution of the drug development process and testing its efficacy is a primary responsibility of pharmaceutical companies. The time cost investment involved in identifying a compound suitable to its target disease and making it available to the masses eventually led to the rise of the Contract Research Organization (CRO) in the domain of clinical research. Pharmaceutical companies outsource the research and clinical trials to CRO’s. A CRO has a vital role from drug discovery to the launch and marketing of drugs. India is emerging as attractive location for global clinical trial. It has cost advantage compared to other countries and a well-developed associated services like data management, medical writing and pharmacovigilance. The Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is the National Regulatory Authority in India that aims to bring safe drugs and standardize clinical research.
Pharmaceutical Companies benefit by strategically working with CRO to gain speed and efficiency in drug discovery, generation and retention of clinical data integrity. The risk associated with CRO relates to delays and inferior quality of work, thereby making CRO a critical decision for Pharmaceutical Company.
Formation of practical skills of students using the a la prime method
Authors: Orazalieva Rsaldy B. 
Published: October 2021

The article studies the impact of using the a la prime method in plein air practice on the development of students' creative abilities. There were used a complementary and mutually verifying methods such as: analysis of theoretical literature on pedagogy and psychology, programs on painting, plein-air practice; survey and diagnostic methods; theoretical analysis; quantitative and qualitative data processing; pedagogical experiment; pedagogical observation of students' level of creativity and quality of sketches in watercolors in the audience and in plein-air practice. The a la prime method contributes to the development of creativity and has many advantages in the process of working with watercolors than other methods and has a positive influence on the development of creativity and on the ability to draw without preliminary sketches of students. The abilities to see the future drawing, reflect it, and make decisions about how to draw quickly are very important for future artists. A la prime technique contributes to the comprehensive development of these necessary abilities.
PENGARUH LOCUS OF CONTROL DAN KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS DENGAN SIFAT MACHIAVELLIAN SEBAGAI PEMODERASI TERHADAP PERILAKU DISFUNGSIONAL AUDIT DI KAP KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Kartana I Wayan 
Published: October 2021

Independent auditor services are needed to determine the reliability of the financial statements presented by management and to give an opinion towards the financial statements in a credible manner, so that they can be trusted and obtain larger market share. In addition, the reporting process must also be effective by employing competent and objective independent auditors to give high quality audit based on the Professional Standards of Public Accountants (SPAP) and the Code of Ethics (IAPI,2016). On the other side, non-compliance towards SPAP and the Code of Ethics can reduce the audit quality. The non-compliance to the standards leads to violation cases and financial scandals, which inhibits the credibility of the auditors. This study aims to examine the effect of locus of external and task complexity towards the dysfunctional audit behavior moderated by Machiavellian. This research was conducted on auditors that was registered at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in Denpasar using the PLS-SEM analysis and with the support of SmartPLS 3.0. Software. The results showed that the auditor’s dysfunctional behavior can be caused by the variations of external locus, the complexity of the task which interacts with Machiavellian.
Stanisława Lema zabawy językiem – czy neologizm rzeczywiście jest neologizmem?
Authors: Fastyn Maciej 
Published: October 2021

The author has analysed the content of the Polish-Russian dictionary of S. Lem’s neologisms created by Monika Krajewska. Among ca. 1,450 lexical units, 27 cases were found that a supposed neologism is not a neologism but an archaism, dialectal term, professional language word, or a scientific term. In that way the author corrects the erroneous interpretations being present in the papers published before, and shows how difficult Lem’s language can be not only for an average reader, but also for translators and linguists as well.
Rathke cleft cyst apoplexy: Hormonal and clinical presentation
Authors: Elarjani Turki , Alhuthayl Meshari Rashed , Dababo Mahammad , Kanaan Imad N 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Rathke cleft cyst (RCC) apoplexy is an uncommon type of lesion that is challenging to diagnose without histopathological samples. Very few articles have been published describing the details of RCC apoplexy. We studied a good number of published articles to analyze its demographics, clinical and hormonal presentations, and outcomes.

Methods:
A literature review of English language publications about RCC apoplexy or pituitary apoplexy was conducted using Medline and EMBASE search engines. Thirty articles with histological diagnosis of RCC apoplexy were identified, the earliest of which was published in 1990 and the latest in 2019. We combined the findings of these articles with our own case report and then compared the demographics, clinical and hormonal presentations, and outcomes between RCC apoplexy and pituitary adenoma apoplexy.

Results:
Our data included 29 patients with RCC, with a mean age of 36.87 years (8–72) and a predominance of female patients (68%). The hemorrhagic type was most common, reported in 86%. Headache was the most common presenting symptom, being reported in 93% followed by hypogonadism (73%) and hormonal deficits (52%). All but three patients improved neurologically (90%); however, 45% of patients required long-term hormonal replacement, mostly thyroid hormone. No cases of worsening neurological or hormonal status were reported.

Conclusion:
RCC apoplexy presents with less severe neurological and hormonal abnormalities than pituitary adenoma apoplexy; it also has a better prognosis in endocrine functional recovery. We recommend applying current management guidelines of pituitary adenoma apoplexy to RCC apoplexy.
Thoracic meningioma with ossification: Case report
Authors: Buchanan Daniel , Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Yang Wei , Buchanan Russell I. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The incidence of spinal meningiomas is 0.33/100000 population, and ossified spinal meningiomas are even less commonly encountered.

Case Description:
A 64-year-old male presented with a progressive T4-level thoracic myelopathy. MR imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary mass that significantly compressed the spinal cord. The accompanying CT demonstrated hyperdensities within the lesion consistent with punctate calcification vs. ossification (i.e. consistent with histological bone formations within tumor). The patient underwent complete resection of the tumor resulting in a full recovery of neurological function within 6 postoperative weeks. The pathological specimen showed findings consistent with an ossified spinal meningioma.

Conclusion:
Here, we identified a rare case of an ossified thoracic T4 meningioma occurring in a 64-year-old male.
Surgical management of primary Ewing’s sarcoma of the petroclival bone extend into the sphenoid sinus: A case report and review of literatures
Authors: Shimabukuro Taichi , Suzuki Kohei , Nakano Yoshiteru , Yamamoto Junkoh 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a malignancy that arises from bones or soft tissue, characterized by primitive small and round blue cells. Primary ES typically occurs in the long bones, vertebrae, or pelvis, and is extremely rare in the skull base.

Case Description:
A 14-year-old girl presented with posterior cervical pain and dysfunction of multiple cranial nerves (CNs). Radiological investigation revealed a solid mass of the petroclival bone extending into the sphenoid sinus. The patient underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for diagnosis of the pathology, and partial resection was safely achieved. Histopathological, genetic, and radiological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of primary ES. Subsequently, the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy following which the clinical symptoms resolved. Complete response was achieved after multimodal treatment. Twenty months after treatment, the patient remains in remission without recurrence or metastatic disease. Primary ES of the petroclival bone has been reported in only three cases in the literature. As seen in the present case, dysfunction of multiple CNs is the most common manifestation of petroclival ES. Diagnosis should be confirmed by histopathological and genetic examinations considering the nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiological features.

Conclusion:
Multimodal treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can result in favorable outcomes. Clinicians should consider safe resection during surgical management to prevent complications that can delay postoperative multimodal treatment.
Komunikasi Matematis Tulis Siswa dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Ikhtiar Muhammad Awwalul , Sudirman Sudirman , Hidayanto Erry 
Published: October 2021

<p class="JRPMAbstractBody">Komunikasi merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam pembelajaran dan pendidikan matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan komunikasi matematis tulis siswa kelas VIII.7 SMPN 14 Malang dalam memecahkan soal cerita sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Terdapat 3 subjek pada penelitian ini yang dipilih berdasarkan nilai ulangan akhir semester ganjil pelajaran matematika dan mempertimbangkan saran guru yang mewakili masing-masing kategori kemampuan matematika tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dan pembahasan diperoleh hasil bahwa siswa dengan kemampuan matematika tinggi akurat, lengkap dan lancar untuk setiap langkah penyelesaian yang ada, yaitu memahami masalah, membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali. Siswa dengan kemampuan matematika sedang akurat dalam memahami masalah dan membuat rencana, sedangkan dalam melaksanakan rencana dan memeriksa kembali siswa tersebut tidak akurat dan siswa tersebut lengkap dan lancar untuk setiap langkah penyelesaian. Siswa dengan kemampuan matematika rendah tidak memiliki keakuratan dalam setiap langkah penyelesaian, sedangkan dalam kategori lengkap siswa tersebut tidak lengkap pada langkah memeriksa kembali dan pada kategori kelancaran siswa tersebut lancar untuk setiap langkah penyelesaian yang ada.</p>
Pengaruh meas berbantuan geogebra terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan disposisi matematika siswa
Authors: Dwi Savitri Made , Sudiarta I Gusti Putu , Sariyasa Sariyasa 
Published: October 2021

<p class="JRPMAbstrakTitle">Abstrak</p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pendekatan Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) berbantuan Geogebra berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan disposisi matematika siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan post-test only control group design pada populasi yang terdiri 132 siswa kelas VIII SMP Taman Pendidikan 45 Denpasar yang tersebar dalam 4 kelas. Penarikan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling dan ditetapkan kelas VIIIA dan VIIIC sebagai sampel penelitian. Data penelitian berupa data pemahaman konsep dan disposisi matematika dikumpulkan masing-masing dengan tes uraian dan angket yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan Uji Manova dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa nilai F dari uji wilks lambda sama dengan 5,656, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,023. Jika nilai signifikansi 0,023 dibandingkan dengan alpha 0,05, maka nilai tersebut jauh lebih kecil, sehingga dapat diputuskan Ho ditolak. Oleh karena itu, hasil eksperimen ini menunjukkan bahwa Pendekatan MEAs berbantuan Geogebra berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan disposisi matematika siswa.