bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity Wave Activity in the Martian Atmosphere at Altitudes 20–160 km From ACS/TGO Occultation Measurements
Authors: Starichenko Ekaterina D. , Belyaev Denis A. , Medvedev Alexander S. , Fedorova Anna A. , Korablev Oleg I. , Trokhimovskiy Alexander , Yiğit Erdal , Alday Juan , Montmessin Franck , Hartogh Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe paper presents observations of gravity wave‐induced temperature disturbances in the Martian atmosphere obtained with the mid‐infrared (MIR) spectrometer, a channel of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite instrument on board the Trace Gas Orbiter (ACS/TGO). Solar occultation measurements of aabsorption band at 2.7m were used for retrieving density and temperature profiles between heights of 20 and 160 km with vertical resolution sufficient for deriving small‐scale structures associated with gravity waves. Several techniques for distinguishing disturbances from the background temperature have been explored and compared. Instantaneous temperature profiles, amplitudes of wave packets and potential energy have been determined. Horizontal momentum fluxes and associated wave drag have been estimated. The analyzed data set of 144 profiles encompasses the measurements made over the second half of Martian Year 34, from the Solar longitudethrough. We observe enhanced gravity wave dissipation/breaking in the mesopause region of 100–130 km. Our analysis shows no direct correlation between the wave amplitude and Brunt‐Väisälä frequency. It may indicate that convective instability may not be the main mechanism limiting gravity wave growth in the middle atmosphere of Mars.
Spectrum Monitoring of Radio Digital Video Broadcasting Based on an Improved Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wang X. Y. , Yang J. J. , Zhang L. , Lu Q. N. , Huang M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the inherent broadcast nature of wireless communication systems, instances of radio jamming are common, such as natural interference and man‐made interference, resulting in increasing demands for radio monitoring. A spectrum monitoring method based on a generative adversarial network model that is one of the most promising approaches of learning any kind of data distribution using unsupervised learning was proposed in this paper for the detection of anomaly spectrum with impulse noise. To validate the performance of the proposed model, both the simulated data set and the measured data set of radio digital video broadcasting were used to train and test the model. Experiments on the two data sets reached a consistent conclusion: as long as the energy of the interference is greater than a certain threshold, the detection accuracy increases with the increase of the interference power and pulse width. Compared with the existing anomaly detection models, our model was faster and more stable.
Exploiting lipotoxicity for the treatment of liver cancer
Authors: Rudalska Ramona , Zender Lars , Dauch Daniel 
Published: July 2021

SummaryMetabolic alterations occur frequently in solid tumours, but metabolic cancer therapies are limited by the complexity and plasticity of metabolic networks. We could recently show that activation of the liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and inhibition of a Raf-1-SCD1 protein complex induces an intracellular accumulation of saturated free fatty acids leading to lethal lipotoxicity in tumour cells and allows for an efficient treatment of liver carcinomas.
SMYD3 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by methylating S1PR1 promoters
Authors: Zhang Heyun , Zheng Zhangyu , Zhang Rongqin , Yan Yongcong , Peng Yaorong , Ye Hua , Lin Lehang , Xu Junyao , Li Wenbin , Huang Pinbo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3) has been shown to promote the progression of various types of human cancers, including liver cancer; however, the detailed molecular mechanism is still largely unknown. Here, we report that SMYD3 expression in HCC is an independent prognostic factor for survival and promotes the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. We observed that SMYD3 upregulated sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) promoter activity by methylating histone 3 (H3K4me3). S1PR1 was expressed at high levels in HCC samples, and high S1PR1 expression was associated with shorter survival. S1PR1 expression was also positively correlated with SMYD3 expression in HCC samples. We confirmed that SMYD3 promotes HCC cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo by upregulating S1PR1 expression. Further investigations revealed that SMYD3 affects critical signaling pathways associated with the progression of HCC through S1PR1. These findings strongly suggest that SMYD3 has a crucial function in HCC progression that is partially mediated by histone methylation at the downstream gene S1PR1, which affects key signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis and the progression of HCC.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D reference percentiles and the role of their determinants among European children and adolescents
Authors: Wolters Maike , Intemann Timm , Russo Paola , Moreno Luis A. , Molnár Dénes , Veidebaum Toomas , Tornaritis Michael , De Henauw Stefaan , Eiben Gabriele , Ahrens Wolfgang , Floegel Anna 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background/objectives
To provide age- and sex-specific percentile curves of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by determinants from 3-<15 year-old European children, and to analyse how modifiable determinants influence 25(OH)D.

Subjects/methods
Serum samples were collected from children of eight European countries participating in the multicenter IDEFICS/I.Family cohort studies. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were analysed in a central lab by a chemiluminescence assay and the values from 2171 children (N = 3606 measurements) were used to estimate percentile curves using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape. The association of 25(OH)D with time spent outdoors was investigated considering sex, age, country, parental education, BMI z score, UV radiation, and dietary vitamin D in regressions models.

Results
The age- and sex-specific 5th and 95th percentiles of 25(OH)D ranged from 16.5 to 73.3 and 20.8 to 79.3 nmol/l in girls and boys, respectively. A total of 63% had deficient (<50 nmol/l), 33% insufficient (50-<75 nmol/l) and 3% sufficient (≥75 nmol/l) levels. 25(OH)D increased with increasing UV radiation, time spent outdoors, and vitamin D intake and slightly decreased with increasing BMI z score and age. The odds ratio (OR) for a non-deficient 25(OH)D status (reference category: deficient status) by one additional hour spent outdoors was 1.21, 95% CI [1.12–1.31], i.e., children who spent one more hour per day outdoors than other children had a 21% higher chance of a non-deficient than a deficient status.

Conclusion
A majority of children suffer from deficient 25(OH)D. UV radiation, outdoor time, and dietary vitamin D are important determinants of 25(OH)D.
YAP1 nuclear efflux and transcriptional reprograming follow membrane diminution upon VSV-G-induced cell fusion
Authors: Feliciano Daniel , Ott Carolyn M. , Espinosa-Medina Isabel , Weigel Aubrey V. , Benedetti Lorena , Milano Kristin M. , Tang Zhonghua , Lee Tzumin , Kliman Harvey J. , Guller Seth M. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCells in many tissues, such as bone, muscle, and placenta, fuse into syncytia to acquire new functions and transcriptional programs. While it is known that fused cells are specialized, it is unclear whether cell-fusion itself contributes to programmatic-changes that generate the new cellular state. Here, we address this by employing a fusogen-mediated, cell-fusion system to create syncytia from undifferentiated cells. RNA-Seq analysis reveals VSV-G-induced cell fusion precedes transcriptional changes. To gain mechanistic insights, we measure the plasma membrane surface area after cell-fusion and observe it diminishes through increases in endocytosis. Consequently, glucose transporters internalize, and cytoplasmic glucose and ATP transiently decrease. This reduced energetic state activates AMPK, which inhibits YAP1, causing transcriptional-reprogramming and cell-cycle arrest. Impairing either endocytosis or AMPK activity prevents YAP1 inhibition and cell-cycle arrest after fusion. Together, these data demonstrate plasma membrane diminishment upon cell-fusion causes transient nutrient stress that may promote transcriptional-reprogramming independent from extrinsic cues.
Visualization of gaseous iodine adsorption on single zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 particles
Authors: Lei Yuting , Zhang Guihua , Zhang Qinglan , Yu Ling , Li Hua , Yu Haili , He Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are very useful as high-capacity iodine (I2) adsorbents. The adsorption performance is usually probed by measuring a statistical average property over an entire sample consisting of a large number of ZIF particles, leaving the interparticle heterogeneity information among individuals. Here we report a dark-field microscopy (DFM) method to visualize gaseous I2 adsorption on single ZIF-90 particles in situ and in real time. The adsorption of I2 is found to alter the scattering spectrum of ZIF-90 particles, inducing a distinct color change from bluewhite to yellow. According to correlating the adsorption amount of gaseous I2 with the change of B value from DFM images, we quantitatively image the adsorption process and estimate the related kinetic parameters at the single particle level. Single particle measurements clarify the large particle-to-particle heterogeneity in adsorption reactivity and significant adsorption activity improvement of ZIF-90 after introduction of linker defects, which provides a microscopic understanding of the structure-activity relationship. We further demonstrate the capacity of this strategy for studying gaseous I2 adsorption on single ZIF-91 particle as a derivative of ZIF-90 to illustrate the generality.
Soft-mode dynamics in the ferroelectric phase transition of GeTe
Authors: Wang Chen , Wu Jiangtao , Zeng Zezhu , Embs Jan , Pei Yanzhong , Ma Jie , Chen Yue 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeTe that exhibits a strong anharmonicity and a ferroelectric phase transition between the rhombohedral and cubic structures has emerged as one of the leading thermoelectric materials. Herein, combining molecular dynamics simulations and inelastic neutron scattering measurements, the lattice dynamics in GeTe have been investigated to reveal the soft-mode mechanisms across the phase transition. We have constructed a first-principles-based machine-learning interatomic potential, which successfully captures the dynamical ferroelectric phase transition of GeTe by adopting the neural network technique. Although the low-energy acoustic phonons remain relatively unaffected at elevated temperatures, the high-energy optical, and longitudinal acoustic phonons demonstrate strong renormalizations as evidenced from the vibrational phonon spectra, which are attributed to the large anharmonicity accompanying the phase transition. Furthermore, our results reveal a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the soft-modes beyond the perturbative regime. The insight provided by this work into the soft-modes may pave the way for further phonon engineering of GeTe and the related thermoelectrics.
A quantum material spintronic resonator
Authors: Xu Jun-Wen , Chen Yizhang , Vargas Nicolás M. , Salev Pavel , Lapa Pavel N. , Trastoy Juan , Grollier Julie , Schuller Ivan K. , Kent Andrew D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn a spintronic resonator a radio-frequency signal excites spin dynamics that can be detected by the spin-diode effect. Such resonators are generally based on ferromagnetic metals and their responses to spin torques. New and richer functionalities can potentially be achieved with quantum materials, specifically with transition metal oxides that have phase transitions that can endow a spintronic resonator with hysteresis and memory. Here we present the spin torque ferromagnetic resonance characteristics of a hybrid metal-insulator-transition oxide/ ferromagnetic metal nanoconstriction. Our samples incorporate $${\mathrm {V}}_2{\mathrm {O}}_3$$

V
2

O
3

, with Ni, Permalloy ($${\hbox {Ni}}_{80}{\hbox {Fe}}_{20}$$

Ni
80

Fe
20

) and Pt layers patterned into a nanoconstriction geometry. The first order phase transition in $${\mathrm {V}}_2{\mathrm {O}}_3$$

V
2

O
3

is shown to lead to systematic changes in the resonance response and hysteretic current control of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. Further, the output signal can be systematically varied by locally changing the state of the $${\mathrm {V}}_2{\mathrm {O}}_3$$

V
2

O
3

with a dc current. These results demonstrate new spintronic resonator functionalities of interest for neuromorphic computing.
Clinical utility of a serum biomarker panel in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Kiebish Michael A. , Tekumalla Poornima , Ravipaty Shobha , Dobi Albert , Srivastava Shiv , Wu Wenfang , Patil Saurabh , Friss Tracey , Klotz Allison , Srinivasan Alagarsamy , Cullen Jennifer , Rosner Inger L. , Ali Amina , Laszlo Sandra , Petrovic Michele , Fleshner Neil , Garren Jeonifer , Miller Greg , Mahaveer Chand Nischal , Rodrigues Leonardo O. , Granger Elder , Kellogg Mark D. , Luan Shen , Diamandis Eleftherios , Akmaev Viatcheslav R. , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Bountra Chas , Freedland Stephen J. , McLeod David G. , Narain Niven R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProstate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer (PCa) is limited by the lack of specificity but is further complicated in the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) population which also exhibit elevated PSA, representing a clear unmet need to distinguish BPH from PCa. Herein, we evaluated the utility of FLNA IP-MRM, age, and prostate volume to stratify men with BPH from those with PCa. Diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was better than PSA alone in discriminating patients with negative biopsy from those with PCa, as well as those who have had multiple prior biopsies (AUC 0.75 and 0.87 compared to AUC of PSA alone 0.55 and 0.57 for patients who have had single compared to multiple negative biopsies, respectively). Of interest, in patients with PCa, the panel demonstrated improved performance than PSA alone in those with Gleason scores of 5–7 (AUC 0.76 vs. 0.56) and Gleason scores of 8–10 (AUC 0.74 vs. 0.47). With Gleason scores (8–10), the negative predictive value of the panel is 0.97, indicating potential to limit false negatives in aggressive cancers. Together, these data demonstrate the ability of the biomarker panel to perform better than PSA alone in men with BPH, thus preventing unnecessary biopsies.
Combination of neuron-specific enolase measurement and initial neurological examination for the prediction of neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest
Authors: Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Jun Ho , Lee Dong Woo , Hwang Seong Youn , Youn Chun Song , Kim Ji-Hoon , Sim Min Seob , Jeung Kyung Woon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the combination of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement and initial neurological examination in predicting the neurological outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest (CA) by retrospectively analyzing data from the Korean Hypothermia Network prospective registry. NSE levels were recorded at 48 and 72 h after CA. The initial Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were recorded. These variables were categorized using the scorecard method. The primary endpoint was poor neurological outcomes at 6 months. Of the 475 patients, 171 (36%) had good neurological outcomes at 6 months. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of the categorized NSE levels at 72 h, GCS score, and FOUR score were 0.889, 0.722, and 0.779, respectively. The AUCs of the combinations of categorized NSE levels at 72 h with categorized GCS scores and FOUR score were 0.910 and 0.912, respectively. Each combination was significantly higher than the AUC value of the categorized NSE level at 72 h alone (with GCS: p = 0.015; with FOUR: p = 0.026). Combining NSE measurement and initial neurological examination improved the prediction of neurological outcomes.
Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
Authors: Carrasco-Escobar Gabriel , Fornace Kimberly , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite reductions in malaria incidence and mortality across Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries, malaria control and elimination efforts are currently facing multiple global challenges such as climate and land use change, invasive vectors, and disruptions in healthcare delivery. Although relationships between malaria risks and socioeconomic factors have been widely demonstrated, the strengths and variability of these associations have not been quantified across SSA. In this study, we used data from population-based malaria indicator surveys in SSA countries to assess spatial trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities, analyzed as social (mothers’ highest educational level—MHEL) and economic (wealth index—WI) inequalities in malaria prevalence. To capture spatial variations in socioeconomic (represented by both WI and MHEL) inequalities in malaria, we calculated both the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in each administrative region. We also conducted cluster analyses based on Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to consider the spatial auto-correlation in SII and RII across regions and countries. A total of 47,404 participants in 1874 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were analyzed across the 13 SSA countries. Our multi-country assessment provides estimations of strong socioeconomic inequalities between and within SSA countries. Such within- and between- countries inequalities varied greatly according to the socioeconomic metric and the scale used. Countries located in Eastern Africa showed a higher median Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in malaria prevalence relative to WI in comparison to countries in other locations across SSA. Pockets of high SII in malaria prevalence in relation to WI and MHEL were observed in the East part of Africa. This study was able to map this wide range of malaria inequality metrics at a very local scale and highlighted the spatial clustering patterns of pockets of high and low malaria inequality values.
Quantitative disease risk scores from EHR with applications to clinical risk stratification and genetic studies
Authors: Xu Danqing , Wang Chen , Khan Atlas , Shang Ning , He Zihuai , Gordon Adam , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Murphy Shawn , Ni Yizhao , Wei Wei-Qi , Gharavi Ali , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Weng Chunhua , Ionita-Laza Iuliana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLabeling clinical data from electronic health records (EHR) in health systems requires extensive knowledge of human expert, and painstaking review by clinicians. Furthermore, existing phenotyping algorithms are not uniformly applied across large datasets and can suffer from inconsistencies in case definitions across different algorithms. We describe here quantitative disease risk scores based on almost unsupervised methods that require minimal input from clinicians, can be applied to large datasets, and alleviate some of the main weaknesses of existing phenotyping algorithms. We show applications to phenotypic data on approximately 100,000 individuals in eMERGE, and focus on several complex diseases, including Chronic Kidney Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Failure, and a few others. We demonstrate that relative to existing approaches, the proposed methods have higher prediction accuracy, can better identify phenotypic features relevant to the disease under consideration, can perform better at clinical risk stratification, and can identify undiagnosed cases based on phenotypic features available in the EHR. Using genetic data from the eMERGE-seq panel that includes sequencing data for 109 genes on 21,363 individuals from multiple ethnicities, we also show how the new quantitative disease risk scores help improve the power of genetic association studies relative to the standard use of disease phenotypes. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of quantitative disease risk scores derived from rich phenotypic EHR databases to provide a more meaningful characterization of clinical risk for diseases of interest beyond the prevalent binary (case-control) classification.
Evolution of defect formation during atomically precise desulfurization of monolayer MoS2
Authors: Lee Jong-Young , Kim Jong Hun , Jung Yeonjoon , Shin June Chul , Lee Yangjin , Kim Kwanpyo , Kim Namwon , van der Zande Arend M. , Son Jangyup , Lee Gwan-Hyoung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStructural symmetry-breaking is a key strategy to modify the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. However, little is known about defect formation during this process. Here, with atomic-scale microscopy, we investigate the evolution of defect formation in monolayer MoS2 exposed indirectly to hydrogen plasma. At the beginning of the treatment only top-layer sulfur atoms are removed, while vacancies and the molybdenum atomic layer are maintained. As processing continues, hexagonal-shaped nanocracks are generated along the zigzag edge during relaxation of defect-induced strain. As defect density increases, both photoluminescence and conductivity of MoS2 gradually decreases. Furthermore, MoS2 showed increased friction by 50% due to defect-induced contact stiffness. Our study reveals the details of defect formation during the desulfurization of MoS2 and helps to design the symmetry-breaking transition metal dichalcogenides, which is of relevance for applications including photocatalyst for water splitting, and Janus heterostructures.
Northern hemisphere cold air outbreaks are more likely to be severe during weak polar vortex conditions
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Hitchcock Peter , Maycock Amanda C. , McKenna Christine M. , Tian Wenshou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSevere cold air outbreaks have significant impacts on human health, energy use, agriculture, and transportation. Anomalous behavior of the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex provides an important source of subseasonal-to-seasonal predictability of Northern Hemisphere cold air outbreaks. Here, through reanalysis data for the period 1958–2019 and climate model simulations for preindustrial conditions, we show that weak stratospheric polar vortex conditions increase the risk of severe cold air outbreaks in mid-latitude East Asia by 100%, in contrast to only 40% for moderate cold air outbreaks. Such a disproportionate increase is also found in Europe, with an elevated risk persisting more than three weeks. By analysing the stream of polar cold air mass, we show that the polar vortex affects severe cold air outbreaks by modifying the inter-hemispheric transport of cold air mass. Using a novel method to assess Granger causality, we show that the polar vortex provides predictive information regarding severe cold air outbreaks over multiple regions in the Northern Hemisphere, which may help with mitigating their impact.