bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seed Stimulation With Gibberellin and Use of Mineral and Nano Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Wheat Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Yasir Al-Saidan Khudhair Joudah 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Al-Fadhiliya city, Dhi Qar province during the winter agricultural season 2019-2020 to find out the effect of stimulation (soaking) wheat seeds with gibberellin and use of mineral and nano fertilization on some growth and yield characteristics of the Ibaa variety 99. Using RCBD Design with split plot arrangement with three replications. The first factor (main plot) included fertilization levels (F) mineral fertilizer recommendation for N, P ( F1 ), Nano fertilizer recommendation for N, P ( F2 ) and 0.5 mineral fertilizer recommendation + 0.5 Nano fertilizer recommendation ( F3 ).The second factor (sub plot) included the seed stimulation levels (drenching) with gibberellin (G) for 12 hour: 0.0 mg.G.L-1 (water only) ( G1 ), 50 mg G.L-1 (G2), 100 mg G.L-1(G3). The results showed superior the level of fertilization (F3) in traits (plant height 110.33 cm, flag leaf area 54.45 cm 2, number of tillers 389.00 tiller.m-2, number of grains per spike 67.11 grain.spike-1, grain yield 7.589 t.ha-1). While, the level of fertilization (F2) exceeding in adjective (weight 1000 grain 49.18 g). However, the level of stimulation (G2) superior in traits (plant height 106.00 cm, flag leaf area 54.267 cm - 2, number of tillers 381.44 tillers.m-2 and the total grain yield 7.344 t.ha-1). Whereas, the level of stimulation (G3) exceeding in adjectives( number of grain per spike 71.22 grain.spike-1 and weight 1000 grain g). Interaction treatment (F3G2) gave the highest average of total grain yield by 8.133 t.ha-1.
Performance of Two Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes Under SRI and Conventional Farming Methods in Three Locations in Iraq
Authors: Musa Abdulkadhim Jawad , Abbas Saddam Hussein , Hameed Khidhir Abbas 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conservation of natural resources like soil and water and reduces chemical pollution in the environment is the desired goal of the directions of improving the performance of important crops that to meet the global food demand. However System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is a rice cropping system that is consistent with Conservation Agricultural (CA) and Sustainable Agriculture (SA). The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of SRI method on grain yield and its components in two rice varieties compared with conventional practice in farmers' fields (CFM) in different environmental conditions in Iraq. Study was conducted in the fields during the rice season 2019 in three provinces in south of Iraq (Najaf, Diwaniya and Muthanna ). Anber33 and Jasmine rice varieties were grown in each location and the traits were conducted at sites having two donum of land (5,000 m2). The trial was performed as factorial expriments based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) having three blocks. The results showed superior significant of SRI method compared to CFM method in traits (plant height and panicle length, number per panicle and percentage of unfilled grains). Furthermore, SRI method gave higher grain yield as percentage with both varieties in each province (25.6% in at Muthanna, 24.5% in Najaf and 13.2% in Diwaniya province) compared to CFM. However, grain yield in Jasmine variety was higher than on Anber33 approximately 50% in three locations in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SRI method is the most convenient method in Iraq conditions due to the increased grain yield in rice compared to the CFM method.
The Effect of Pyrrolidinium Bromide Salt in The Life of The Southern Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fab) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Mohammed Nagham Abdul Ghani , Hassan Adel Ali Haidar , Mohammed Mohsin Omar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy test of a chemical compound (pyrrolidinium bis - bromide salt) laboratory-prepared in the life of the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, which is one of the most important pulses stored pest. The compound N1 was prepared and the structure was proved using1H NMR, IR technique. For treating the seeds out, three concentrations from N1, 500, 1500, 3000 ppm, were prepared. The results showed that the compound outperformed the percentage of repellent (prevention of laying eggs), with the concentration of 500 ppm registered the lowest number of eggs laid, with 96.67 eggs and an repellent rate of 53.97 %, compared to 210.00 eggs. While the results showed a significant effect when the concentration increased. This caused a 66.32 % drop in first-generation personnel from the highest rate of 95.00. The higher concentration also showed the lowest productivity compared with the rest of the concentrations, at 21.05 % compared to controlling sample 45.45%, and had no significant effect on increasing the duration of the pupal stage by 7.83 days compared to 7.50 days. Compared to 7.50 days of control, it affected the increase in the 7.50-day period of the larvae stage compared to the control of 5.50 days. The 1500 ppm concentration did not affect the vitality of the seeds after being treated as they were not significantly different from control. The results also showed that not all of the compound's concentrations had a repellent effect against the southern cowpea beetle.
Wind tunnel tests of aerodynamic interference effects on two iced vertical circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement
Authors: Li Shengli , Han Ruiqing , Guo Pan , Wang Xidong , Chu Yajie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aerodynamic characteristics of the two iced vertical circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement, due to the shape change by icing, are complex, and lack systematical investigation. Therefore, a set of wind tunnel tests were carried out to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the leeward vertical cylinder, with ice shape, icing thickness, cylinder spacing, and icing relative position of cylinders varied in the subcritical Reynolds number range in this study. Results show that the icing thicknesses had a greater impact on the lift coefficients of D-shaped ice leeward cylinder at the same angle of attack. The aerodynamic characteristics of the iced leeward cylinder were stable when the ratio (L/D) of cylinder spacing was within the range of 4.8–6.2. The change of flow field should be considered in the stability analysis of two circular vertical cylinders. The drag coefficients of the iced leeward cylinder varied significantly due to the shielding effects, especially within the range of 9° attack angle and L< 6.2D. The results of this work can provide an experimental reference for future research on wind resistance of two circular cylindrical structures in engineering practice.
Tribological behaviour of lamb bone ash and boron carbide reinforced ZA-27 hybrid metal matrix composites under dry sliding conditions
Authors: Singh Pawandeep , Mishra R K , Singh Balbir 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the tribological behaviour of lamb bone ash (LBA) and boron carbide (B4C) reinforced ZA-27 hybrid metal matrix composites fabricated using a stir casting process. The weight percentage of LBA and B4C particles in the composites were varied from 0–5 wt%. The composites have been evaluated for density, porosity and microhardness before tribological testing. Dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of composites were studied on a pin-on-disc tribometer by varying load from 10–50 N at a fixed sliding speed of 1 m s−1. Also, to investigate the effect of sliding speed on friction and wear behaviour of composites, tests were carried out at 2 m s−1 and 3 m s−1 of sliding speed. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for examining the microstructure and worn surface morphology of composite samples. SEM micrographs revealed the presence and homogeneous distribution of reinforcement particles, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the presence of LBA and B4C particles in the composites. Composites density decreased, and porosity increased with the addition of reinforcement particles. The microhardness of the 5 wt% reinforced LBA composite improved by 18.38%, whereas hybrid composite containing (2.5 wt% LBA + 2.5 wt% B4C) showed an improvement of 42% compared to the base alloy. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss increased with the increase in load, whereas COF decreased and wear loss increased with the increase in sliding speed. Composites showed superior wear resistance even at higher loads and sliding speeds. SEM micrographs of worn surface revealed adhesion and abrasion type of wear mechanisms. Therefore, with the improvement in wear resistance this developed composite can be used as a bearing material over monolithic ZA-27 alloy in the automotive sector.
A review of recently developed polymer composite materials for fused deposition modeling 3D printing
Authors: Dewada Surendra Singh , Telang Amit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly evolving technology due to its numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing processes. AM processable materials are limited and have poor mechanical performance, restraining the technology’s potential for functional part manufacturing. Although FDM is the most popular and growing technique, the inferiority of the material limits its application to prototyping. Nanocomposite material improves the thermal, mechanical, and electrical performance of FDM objects. Mostly polymer nanocomposites are feasible to process and several researchers have reported enhanced performance with polymer nanocomposites. Carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, nano clay, and carbon fiber are primary reinforcements to thermoplastics. The current state of the art relevant to advances in nanocomposites for the FDM process, as well as the influence of nanofillers on mechanical properties of the build object are reviewed in this paper.
Deep neural models for automated multi-task diagnostic scan management—quality enhancement, view classification and report generation
Authors: K Karthik , Kamath S Sowmya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The detailed physiological perspectives captured by medical imaging provides actionable insights to doctors to manage comprehensive care of patients. However, the quality of such diagnostic image modalities is often affected by mismanagement of the image capturing process by poorly trained technicians and older/poorly maintained imaging equipment. Further, a patient is often subjected to scanning at different orientations to capture the frontal, lateral and sagittal views of the affected areas. Due to the large volume of diagnostic scans performed at a modern hospital, adequate documentation of such additional perspectives is mostly overlooked, which is also an essential key element of quality diagnostic systems and predictive analytics systems. Another crucial challenge affecting effective medical image data management is that the diagnostic scans are essentially stored as unstructured data, lacking a well-defined processing methodology for enabling intelligent image data management for supporting applications like similar patient retrieval , automated disease prediction etc. One solution is to incorporate automated diagnostic image descriptions of the observation/findings by leveraging computer vision and natural language processing. In this work, we present multi-task neural models capable of addressing these critical challenges. We propose ESRGAN, an image enhancement technique for improving the quality and visualization of medical chest x-ray images, thereby substantially improving the potential for accurate diagnosis, automatic detection and region-of-interest segmentation. We also propose a CNN-based model called ViewNet for predicting the view orientation of the x-ray image and generating a medical report using Xception net, thus facilitating a robust medical image management system for intelligent diagnosis applications. Experimental results are demonstrated using standard metrics like BRISQUE, PIQE and BLEU scores, indicating that the proposed models achieved excellent performance. Further, the proposed deep learning approaches enable diagnosis in a lesser time and their hybrid architecture shows significant potential for supporting many intelligent diagnosis applications.
The influence of human hair on kenaf and Grewia fiber-based hybrid natural composite material: an experimental study
Authors: Boopathi Sampath , Balasubramani V , Kumar R Sanjeev , Singh G Robert 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The demand for natural composite products to make various industrial and commercial products and protect the environment is continuously increasing. In this paper, a hybrid plant fiber composite (HPFC) is produced by a hand lay-up molding method using 64 wt% resin matrix and 36 wt% natural fibers (kenaf, Grewia and human hair). The influences of the weight of the natural fibers on tensile, flexural and impact strengths were investigated by the simplex lattice method. It was revealed that the percentage contribution of kenaf and human hair fibers to tensile strength, flexural and impact strengths is higher than that of Grewia fiber. The optimum weight percentage of fibers is 13.5 wt% kenaf, 15.3 wt% human hair and 7.2 wt% Grewia to produce a HPFC with desirable mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the HPFC were compared with those of HPFC without human hair. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the HPFC were 17.95%, 11.1% and 19.79% higher than the HPFC without human hair. The predicted optimum HPFC for making commercial products to fulfill consumer demand is recommended.
A numerical-experimental analysis of qualification assessment for mono-block plasma-facing component with flat heat sink
Authors: Lim Ji Hwan , Park Minkyu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The heat removal capacity of a flat heat sink was studied using subcooled flow boiling experiments, to address the thermal peaking problem. Based on the Bowring criteria, the boiling curve is divided into a partially developed nucleate boiling regime (PDB) and fully developed nucleate boiling regime (FDB), and the existing heat transfer correlations for each flow regime are evaluated. In the PDB regime, the Baburajan correlation exhibited the highest prediction rate with an average error rate of 10.92%; however, the FDB regime heat transfer correlations exhibited high error rates at very high heat flux conditions. Therefore, the authors developed a new FDB correlation using the artificial intelligence technique by correlating the bubble agitation effect, which is a mechanism of the FDB regime, and then, evaluated the qualification assessment on this basis. The mono-block plasma-facing component with a flat heat sink was found to meet all criteria (except #1.2, shutdown plasma ratcheting), and to succeed in the actual fabrication.
US FDA-approved therapeutic antibodies with high-concentration formulation: summaries and perspectives
Authors: Wang Shawn Shouye , Yan Yifei (Susie) , Ho Kin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Thirty four (34) of the total US FDA approved 103 therapeutic antibody drugs, accounts for one third of the total approved mAbs, are formulated with high protein concentration (100 mg/mL or above) which are the focus of this article. The highest protein concentration of these approved mAbs is 200 mg/mL. The dominant administration route is subcutaneous (76%). Our analysis indicates that it may be rational to implement a platform formulation containing polysorbate, histidine and sucrose to accelerate high concentration formulation development for antibody drugs. Since 2015, the FDA approval numbers are significantly increased which account for 76% of the total approval numbers, i.e., 26 out of 34 highly concentrated antibodies. Thus, we believe that the high concentration formulations of antibody drugs will be the future trend of therapeutic antibody formulation development, regardless of the challenges of highly concentrated protein formulations.
The Facial Vein on Computed Tomographic Angiography: Implications for Plastic Surgery and Filler Injection
Authors: Wang Dawei , Xiong Shixuan , Zeng Ning , Wu Yiping 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Knowledge of the anatomy of the facial vein is essential for plastic surgery and filler injection.

Objectives
The authors sought to investigate the variation and 3-dimensional (3D) course of the facial vein utilizing computed tomographic angiography.

Methods
The computed tomographic angiography images of 300 facial veins from 150 Asian patients were included in this study. The distance between each anatomical landmark and the facial vein was measured to position the course. The depth of the facial vein beneath the skin and the height of the facial vein above the periosteum were measured at 5 anatomical planes.

Results
The facial vein showed a relatively constant course with a frequency of 7.0% variation. The vertical distance between the medial canthus, midpoint of inferior orbital rim, or external canthus and the facial vein was 10.28 ± 2.17 mm, 6.86 ± 2.02 mm, or 48.82 ± 7.26 mm, respectively. The horizontal distance between medial canthus, nasal alar, or oral commissure and the facial vein was 6.04 ± 1.44 mm, 22.34 ± 3.79 mm, or 32.21 ± 4.84 mm, respectively. The distance between the mandibular angle or oral commissure and the facial vein at the inferior of mandible was 24.99 ± 6.23 mm or 53.04 ± 6.56 mm. The depth of the facial vein beneath the skin and the height of the facial vein above the periosteum varied from the plane of the medial canthus to the plane of the mandible.

Conclusions
This study revealed the 3D course of the facial vein with reference to anatomical landmarks. Detailed findings of the facial vein will provide a valuable reference for plastic surgery and filler injection.
The Effect of Quilting Sutures on the Tension Required to Advance the Abdominal Flap in Abdominoplasty
Authors: Martins Maria Roberta Cardoso , Moraes Betina Zimmermann Fontes de , Fabri Daniel Capucci , Castro Hugo Alexandre Sócrates de , Rostom Lucas , Ferreira Lydia Masako , Nahas Fabio Xerfan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
Quilting sutures attaching the abdominal flap to the aponeurosis contribute to the prevention of seroma formation following abdominoplasty. The sutures distribute the tension over the subcutaneous tissue along the flap length, theoretically decreasing tension at the distal (cutaneous) end of the flap. This is expected to reduce the risks of necrosis, dehiscence, and enlarged or hypertrophic scars.

Objectives
This study sought to verify whether quilting sutures decrease the tension required to advance the dermal-fat flap in abdominoplasty.

Methods
Thirty-four women undergoing abdominoplasty with quilting sutures participated in the study. The tensile force required for flap advancement was measured with a digital force gauge before and after placement of quilting sutures and then compared. Differences in tensile force were tested for correlations with BMI, age, weight of flap tissue removed, number of previous pregnancies, and postoperative complications, including seroma formation, hematoma, necrosis, dehiscence, and enlarged or hypertrophic scars.

Results
A mean reduction in tension of 27.7% was observed at the skin suture after the placement of quilting sutures (P &lt; 0.001). No significant correlation was found between reduced flap tension and BMI, age, weight of tissue removed, or number of births. One case of seroma formation and 2 cases of enlarged scars were observed, but no case of hematoma, necrosis, or wound dehiscence was detected.

Conclusions
The use of quilting sutures to attach the abdominal flap to the aponeurosis of the anterior abdominal wall reduced tension at the advancing edge of the flap in abdominoplasty.
Acentriolar spindle assembly in mammalian female meiosis and the consequences of its perturbations on human reproduction
Authors: Blengini Cecilia S , Schindler Karen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe purpose of meiosis is to generate developmentally competent, haploid gametes with the correct number of chromosomes. For reasons not completely understood, female meiosis is more prone to chromosome segregation errors than meiosis in males, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes, or aneuploidy, in gametes. Meiotic spindles are the cellular machinery essential for the proper segregation of chromosomes. One unique feature of spindle structures in female meiosis is spindles poles that lack centrioles. The process of building a meiotic spindle without centrioles is complex and requires precise coordination of different structural components, assembly factors, motor proteins, and signaling molecules at specific times and locations to regulate each step. In this review, we discuss the basics of spindle formation during oocyte meiotic maturation focusing on mouse and human studies. Finally, we review different factors that could alter the process of spindle formation and its stability. We conclude with a discussion of how different assisted reproductive technologies could affect spindles and the consequences these perturbations may have for subsequent embryo development.
Galectin-1 induces gene and protein expression related to maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in bovine endometrium
Authors: Chaney Heather L , Grose Lindsay F , LaBarbara Jeanna M , Sirk Adam W , Blancke Alyssa M , Sánchez Jose M , Passaro Claudia , Lonergan Patrick , Mathew Daniel J 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Conceptus secretory factors include galectins, a family of carbohydrate binding proteins that elicit cell adhesion and immune suppression by interacting with intracellular and extracellular glycans. In rodents, galectin-1 (LGALS1) promotes maternal-fetal immune tolerance in the decidua through expansion of tolerogenic cluster of differentiation 11c (CD11c) positive dendritic cells, increased anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10, and activation of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) positive regulatory T cells (Treg). This study characterized galectin expression in early ruminant conceptuses and endometrium. We also tested the effect of recombinant bovine LGALS1 (rbLGALS1) and progesterone (P4) on endometrial expression of genes and protein related to maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in cattle. Elongating bovine and ovine conceptuses expressed several galectins, particularly, LGALS1, LGALS3, and LGALS8. Within bovine endometrium, expression of LGALS3, LGALS7, and LGALS9 was greater on Day 16 of pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle. Within ovine endometrium, LGALS7 was greater during pregnancy compared to the estrous cycle and endometrium of pregnant sheep tended to have greater LGALS9 and LGALS15. Expression of endometrial LGALS4 was less during pregnancy in sheep. Treating bovine endometrium with rbLGALS1 increased endometrial expression of CD11c, IL-10, and FOXP3, within 24 h. Specifically, within caruncular endometrium, both rbLGALS1 and P4 increased FOXP3, suggesting that both ligands may promote Treg expansion. Using IHC, FOXP3+ cells with a leukocyte phenotype were localized to the bovine uterine stratum compactum near the uterine surface and increased in response to rbLGALS1. We hypothesize that galectins have important functions during establishment of pregnancy in ruminants and bovine conceptus LGALS1 and luteal P4 confer mechanisms of maternal-conceptus immune tolerance in cattle.