bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioseguridad en la atención odontológica ante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Perez-Muñante Karina , Quintanilla-Ramos Grace , Sihuay-Torres Kamila 
Published: February 2021

Sr. Editor.
La COVID-19 (SARS-CoV 2), nos ha llevado a un nuevo estilo de vida, con diversos métodos de protección para evitar el contagio. El campo odontológico es uno de los más expuestos, ya que el principal método de transmisión es a través de la saliva. Por este motivo, los odontólogos han buscado nuevas modalidades de atención para evitar la propagación de dicho virus, las cuales se van actualizando constantemente. De esta forma, la presente carta tiene como objetivo actualizar al odontólogo con las nuevas medidas de bioseguridad durante la atención odontológica.
El género de no ficción en América Latina: caracterización a partir de dos obras pioneras, Relato de un náufrago y Operación masacre
Authors: Pinedo García Peggy Paola 
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una propuesta de caracterización de la narrativa de no ficción en América Latina. Para tal fin, se toman como obras de referencia dos novelas pioneras de este género: Relato de un náufrago (1955) y Operación masacre (1957), del colombiano Gabriel García Márquez y el argentino Rodolfo Walsh, respectivamente. Ambas obras son analizadas desde la influencia que ejercieron en la literatura y el periodismo en esta parte del continente, como fundadoras de una tradición que hoy es continuada por autores que transitan entre el periodismo narrativo y la literatura. El artículo destaca que las dos novelas, consideradas iniciadoras del género de no ficción en América Latina, se adelantaron al clásico A sangre fría, del estadounidense Truman Capote (1966). Asimismo, se exploran los límites del género, sobre cuya literaridad se han manifestado dudas por su naturaleza no ficcional.
KEBIJAKAN PENANGGULANGAN DESTRUCTIVE FISHING BERBASIS PENGAWASAN MASYARAKAT DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Alexander Niko , Shafira Maya , Anwar Mashuril 
Published: February 2021

Along with the increase in capture fisheries production, the escalation of biodiversity damage has occurred in the Lampung Province sea area. This condition is one of them caused by destructive fishing activities. Destructive fishing is still a problem in the sea area of Lampung Province due to the lack of community role, especially in terms of supervision. Tackling destructive fishing based on community supervision is one form of community empowerment to play an active role and be directly involved in efforts to tackle damage to fishery resources. Therefore, this article will discuss the problem of how the condition of the case of destructive fishing in Lampung Province? How are efforts to tackle destructive fishing in Lampung Province? And what is the policy model for controlling community based destructive fishing? The results showed that from 2016 to 2019 there were 27 cases of destructive fishing that were tried at the District Court A Class Tanjung Karang. Efforts in overcoming destructive fishing in Lampung Province have so far tended to be a means of punishment or a repressive action with a criminal law approach. But in fact this effort has not been able to solve the problem of destructive fishing. Therefore, this research offers a model of controlling destructive fishing based on community supervision through the means of penal and non-penal means.Keywords: Lampung, destructive fishing, community surveillance Seiring peningkatan produksi perikanan tangkap, eskalasi kerusakan keanekaragaman hayati terjadi di wilayah laut Provinsi Lampung. Kondisi ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh kegiatan destructive fishing. Destructive fishing masih menjadi persoalan di wilayah laut Provinsi Lampung disebabkan karena minimnya peran masyarakat khususnya dalam hal pengawasan. Penanggulangan destructive fishing berbasis pengawasan masyarakat merupakan salah satu bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat agar berperan aktif dan terlibat langsung dalam upaya penanggulangan kerusakan sumberdaya perikanan. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan membahas permasalahan mengenai bagaimanakah kondisi perkara destructive fishing di Provinsi Lampung? Bagaimanakah upaya penanggulangan destructive fishing di Provinsi Lampung? Dan bagaimanakah model kebijakan penanggulangan destructive fishing berbasis pengawasan masyarakat? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejak tahun 2016 hingga 2019 terdapat 27 perkara destructive fishing yang di adili pada Pengadilan Negeri Kelas I A Tanjung Karang. Upaya penanggulangan destructive fishing di Provinsi Lampung selama ini cenderung pada sarana penal atau tindakan refresif dengan pendekatan hukum pidana. Namun nyatanya upaya ini belum mampu menyelesaikan persoalan destructive fishing. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menawarkan model penanggulangan destructive fishing berbasis pengawasan masyarakat melalui sarana penal dan sarana non penal.Kata kunci: Lampung, destructive fishing, pengawasan masyarakat
Principles and Progress in the Shipbuilding Part of the EU Interreg DTP Project “Living Danube Limes”
Authors: Dreyer Boris 
Published: February 2021

In the article, the reconstruction of a Roman lusoria named “Danuvina Alacris” is first embedded in the field of ancient navigation and shipbuilding in general, then in ever narrower circles in Roman navigation, inland navigation, navigation on the Rhine and especially on the Danube. Then the basics of reconstruction, the reconstruction plans based on them, the construction schedule and the place of construction are described. In the second part, the progress of the construction according to Roman craft methods is discussed as well as the parallel actions developed within the frame of the Living History Principle. The progress of the construction is demonstrated until the submission of the manuscript, that is, 24 January 2021.Im Aufsatz wird zunächst der Rekonstruktionsbau einer römischen Lusoria mit Namen „Danuvina Alacris“ in die Antike Schifffahrt allgemein, sodann immer engere Kreise ziehend in die römische Schifffahrt, die Binnenschifffahrt, die Schifffahrt an Rhein und besonders Donau eingeordnet. Sodann werden die Grundlagen der Rekonstruktion, die darauf basierenden Rekonstruktionspläne, der Bauplan und der Ort des Baus beschrieben. Im zweiten Teil werden die Fortschritte im Bau nach römischen Handwerksmethoden erörtert sowie die parallelen Aktionen im Sinne des Living History Prinzips entwickelt. Der Fortschritt des Baus bei Abschluss der Redaktion wird bis 24.1. 2021 vorgeführt.A tanulmány a „Danuvina Alacris” nevű római lusoria rekonstrukcióját tárgyalja az általános ókori hajózás, majd a római hajózás, a belvízi hajózás, a rajnai és különösen a Dunai hajózás téémaköreiben. Ezt követően bemutatja a rekonstrukció alapelveit, az alapelvek szerint kéészült rekonstrukciós terveket, az építéési programot az építkezéés helyszínéét. A tanulmány második fele az élő törtéénelem alapelvei szerint tárgyalja a római kéézműves módszerek szerinti párhuzamos építkezéési folyamatok előrehaladását. Jelen összefoglaló a rekonstruált hajó építééséének előrehaladását a tanulmány leadásáig, vagyis 2021. január 24-ig követi.
Quality evaluation of commercial products of Ganoderma lucidum made from its fruiting body and spore
Authors: Yeung Steven , Chen Quanlan , Yu Yongbang , Zhou Bingsen , Wu Wei , Li Xia , Huang Ying , Wang Zhijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (GL), also known as Reishi or Lingzhi, is a medicinal mushroom widely used in traditional and folk medicines. The extracts made from the fruiting body and spore of naturally grown GL are the most frequently used in commercial products. More than 400 compounds have been identified in GL with the triterpenoids considered to be the major active components. Large variations in the chemical components were reported in previous studies and there is no comprehensive study of the content of multiple major triterpenoids in the GL product. In addition, there is no report in the comparison of chemical profiles in different parts of GL (i.e., fruiting body and spore). Determining the chemical composition and comparing the differences between fruiting body and spore are essential for the identity, efficacy and safety of various GL products.
In this study, 13 compounds (ganoderenic Acid C, ganoderic Acid C2, ganoderic Acid G, ganoderic Acid B, ganoderenic Acid B, ganoderic Acid A, ganoderic Acid H, ganoderenic Acid D, ganoderic Acid D, ganoderic Acid F, ganoderic Acid DM, ganoderol A, and ergosterol) were selected as the chemical markers. The purpose of this study is to develop an HPLC-DAD fingerprint method for quantification of these active components in GL (spore and fruiting body) and test the feasibility of using the HPLC-DAD fingerprint for quality control or identity determination of GL products.
The results showed that this method could determine the levels of the major components accurately and precisely. Among the 13 components, 11 ganoderma acids were identified to be proper chemical markers for quality control of GL products, while ganoderal A was in a very low amount and ergosterol was not a specific marker in GL. The extracts of fruiting body contained more chemical compounds than those of spore, indicating that these 11 compounds could be a better chemical marker for the fruiting body than the spore. The HPLC chemical fingerprint analysis showed higher variability in the quality of GL harvest in different years, while lesser variation in batches harvested in the same year.
In conclusion, an HPLC assay detecting 11 major active components and a fingerprinting method was successfully established and validated to be feasible for quality control of most commercial GL products.
Hazai felsőoktatási intézmények a nemzetközi rangsorokban
Authors: Banász Zsuzsanna , Csányi Vivien Valéria , Telcs András , Kosztyán Zsolt Tibor 
Published: February 2021

Összefoglaló. A hazai felsőoktatási intézmények lényegében csak a
presztízs növelése érdekében igyekeznek előrelépni a nemzetközi rangsorokban.
Bár ezeket a rangsorokat rengeteg kritika éri, szerepük megkerülhetetlen, és
valóban befolyásolják az intézmények megítélését. Ezért az intézmények
hajlandóak akár erőfeszítéseket is tenni, javítani azokon a mutatókon, amelyek a
rangsorkészítés alapját képezik. Tanulmányunkban azt mutatjuk be, hogy az egyes
rangsorokban milyen mutatók alapján alakul ki a magyarországi felsőoktatási
intézmények pozíciója.
Summary. In essence, Hungarian higher education institutions seek to
advance in international rankings only for the sake of increasing prestige.
Although these international rankings are subject to constant criticism, their
role is inevitable and indeed influences the judgment of institutions.
Therefore, institutions are willing to make efforts to improve their indicators
that are the basis of these rankings. The study shows the position of Hungarian
higher education institutions in international rankings by ranking
indicators.
Szükségletek és a jogi szabályozók – avagy fókuszban a cigány nemzetiségi oktatás
Authors: Orsós Anna 
Published: February 2021

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány alapvetően a magyarországi cigány/roma
tanulókat érintő nemzetiségi programot és annak történetiségét helyezi fókuszba.
Az előrehaladott asszimiláció miatt a nemzetiségi oktatáshoz való jog
érvényesülése kiemelt jelentőségű, mondhatni: nemzetiségi létkérdés. A jog, hogy
nemzetiségi program szervezhető, az esélyegyenlőség elve miatt különösen fontos,
még akkor is, ha önmagában kötelező erővel nem bír. A folyamatok elemzése
alapján látható, hogy hazánkban a nemzetiségi oktatás szinte nemzetiségenként
másként valósult meg, így különösen eltérő a cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatás
célja a kezdetektől napjainkig. A hazai cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatás
„tantárgyiasult” formáinak bemutatásán túl a tanulmány beszámol arról is, hogy
ahol cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatást folytatnak, ott jellemzően rendkívül
alacsony az oktatás minősége és gyakran a cigány/roma nemzetiségi oktatás
„iskolamentési stratégiák” meghatározó elemévé válik.
Summary. The study focuses essentially on the Roma nationality
programme of Hungary and its history. Due to the advanced assimilation, the
enforcement of the right to nationality education is of paramount importance. It
can be said that this right is the matter of existence of Roma nationality.
Because of the principle of equal opportunities, the right to organize a
nationality programme is particularly important, even if it is not binding in
itself. Based on the analysis of several processes of national education, it
turns out that in Hungary nationality education programmes are differ from each
other. This paper aims to introduce the forms of Roma nationality education as
school subjects. In addition, the study also reports that where Roma nationality
education is provided, the quality of education is typically extremely low and
Roma nationality education is often a defining element of ‘school rescue
strategies’.
Influence of weekly physical exercises on indicators of biological age of student's youth
Authors: Prysiazhniuk Stanislav , Pryimakov Oleksandr , Iermakov Sergii , Oleniev Dmytro , Eider Jerzy , Mazurok Natalija 
Published: February 2021

Background and Study Aim. The physical activity level of students is closely associated with ecological, hygienic, and socioeconomic facts. This is especially true during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically reduced the student opportunity to engage in regular physical activity. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the weekly physical exercises on the indicators of biological age of students of higher education institutions of Ukraine.
Material and Methods. The study involved 409 students (182 boys and 227 girls), who were divided into experimental (87 boys and 117 girls) and control (95 boys and 110 girls) groups. The biological age (BA) of students was determined by means of Voitenko’s method using biomarkers of their physical status. Indices of the cardiovascular system (pulse, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure); respiratory system (vital capacity, the Hench and Stange test); central nervous system (static balancing); PHSA (personal health self-assessment) were studied. In addition, a questionnaire-based survey of students on their health self-assessment including 27 questions was carried out. Statistica 13.5 statistical software package was used to process the experimental material. Methods of variation statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used. The coefficients of the Student t-test and Fisher’s F-test were calculated.
Results. In the process of pedagogical experiment, the positive impact of the author’s physical education program on BA of students of the experimental group (EG) was revealed: in boys, the positive dynamics of BA changes was detected already after four additional hours of performing exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in physical state, which determined BA decrease during academic year were noted in students with a weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours. In boys of EG, the biological age decreased at the end of the experiment by 11,1 years (p < 0,001), whereas in girls – by 5,3 years (p < 0,001). No positive changes of BA were observed at the end of the experiment in students of the control group (CG), whose weekly regime of motor activity constituted 2 hours. In boys of EG, the decrease of BA is manifested after four additional hours of performing physical exercises per week, whereas in girls – after six or more hours. The most pronounced changes in BA indices during the academic year were noted in students of the experimental group with weekly motor regime exceeding 6 hours.
Conclusions. The developed mathematical models are recommended to be used for estimating, modelling, and predicting the biological age of students according to informative indices of physical state.
Las Universidades Populares en Uruguay (1930-1942)
Authors: Scagliola Gabriel 
Published: February 2021

Las Universidades Populares surgen en Francia a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, esparciéndose por Europa y Latinoamérica. En Uruguay, en el marco de la lucha por la Reforma Universitaria, estudiantes universitarios, a los que se irán sumando profesionales, intelectuales y trabajadores, organizan en 1930 la primera Universidad Popular, a la que seguirán otras instituciones de este tipo en los años siguientes.
El artículo analiza el proceso de creación, expansión y disolución de las Universidades Populares uruguayas. Durante décadas estas Universidades Populares fueron olvidadas; sin embargo, el registro de esas iniciativas existe disperso en archivos particulares y publicaciones diversas. Este trabajo es uno más de esos esfuerzos que se están llevando a cabo para recuperar su memoria.
The impact of text segmentation on subtitle reading
Authors: Gerber-Morón Olivia , Szarkowska Agnieszka , Woll Bencie 
Published: February 2021

Understanding the way people watch subtitled films has become a central concern for subtitling researchers in recent years. Both subtitling scholars and professionals generally believe that in order to reduce cognitive load and enhance readability, line breaks in two-line subtitles should follow syntactic units. However, previous research has been inconclusive as to whether syntactic-based segmentation facilitates comprehension and reduces cognitive load. In this study, we assessed the impact of text segmentation on subtitle processing among different groups of viewers: hearing people with different mother tongues (English, Polish, and Spanish) and deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing people with English as a first language. We measured three indicators of cognitive load (difficulty, effort, and frustration) as well as comprehension and eye tracking variables. Participants watched two video excerpts with syntactically and non-syntactically segmented subtitles. The aim was to determine whether syntactic-based text segmentation as well as the viewers’ linguistic background influence subtitle processing. Our findings show that non-syntactically segmented subtitles induced higher cognitive load, but they did not adversely affect comprehension. The results are discussed in the context of cognitive load, audiovisual translation, and deafness.
Using smooth pursuit calibration for difficult-to-calibrate participants
Authors: Blignaut Pieter 
Published: February 2021

Although the 45-dots calibration routine of a previous study (Blignaut, 2016) provided very good accuracy, it requires intense mental effort and the routine proved to be unsuccessful for young children who struggle to maintain concentration. The calibration procedures that are normally used for difficult-to-calibrate participants, such as autistic children and infants, do not suffice since they are not accurate enough and the reliability of research results might be jeopardised.Smooth pursuit has been used before for calibration and is applied in this paper as an alternative routine for participants who are difficult to calibrate with conventional routines. Gaze data is captured at regular intervals and many calibration targets are generated while the eyes are following a moving target. The procedure could take anything between 30 s and 60 s to complete, but since an interesting target and/or a conscious task may be used, participants are assisted to maintain concentration.It was proven that the accuracy that can be attained through calibration with a moving target along an even horizontal path is not significantly worse than the accuracy that can be attained with a standard method of watching dots appearing in random order. The routine was applied successfully for a group of children with ADD, ADHD and learning abilities.This result is important as it provides for easier calibration – especially in the case of participants who struggle to keep their gaze focused and stable on a stationary target for long enough.
Using simultaneous scanpath visualization to investigate the influence of visual behaviour on medical image interpretation
Authors: Davies Alan Richard , Vigo Markel , Harper Simon , Jay Caroline 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we explore how a number of novel methods for visualizing and analyzing differences in eye-tracking data, including scanpath length, Levenshtein distance, and visual transition frequency, can help to elucidate the methods clinicians use for interpreting 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). Visualizing the differences between multiple participants’ scanpaths simultaneously allowed us to answer questions including: do clinicians fixate randomly on the ECG, or do they apply a systematic approach?; is there a relationship between interpretation accuracy and visual behavior? Results indicate that practitioners have very different visual search strategies. Clinicians who incorrectly interpret the image have greater scanpath variability than those who correctly interpret it, indicating that differences between practitioners in terms of accuracy are reflected in different eye-movement behaviors. The variation across practitioners is likely to be the result of differential training, clinical role and expertise.
Eye tracker as an implied social presence: awareness of being eye-tracked induces social-norm-based looking behaviour
Authors: Wong Hoo Keat , Stephen Ian D. 
Published: February 2021

Human behaviour is not only influenced by the physical presence of others, but also implied social presence. According to Risko and Kingstone (2011), an eye tracker can represent an implied social presence which could influence individuals’ gaze behaviour. This study examines the impact of awareness of being eye-tracked on eye movement behaviour in a laboratory setting. During a classic yes/no face recognition task, participants were made to believe that their eye movements were recorded (or not recorded) by eye trackers. Their looking patterns with and without the awareness of being eye-tracked were compared while perceiving social (faces, faces-and-bodies) and non-social (inanimate objects) video stimuli. Area-of-interest (AOI) analysis revealed that misinformed participants (who were not aware that their eye movements were being recorded) looked more at the body (chest and waist) compared to informed participants (who believed they were being eye-tracked), whereas informed participants fixated longer on the mouth and shorter on the eyes of female models than misinformed participants did. These findings highlight the potential impact of an awareness of being eye tracked on one’s eye movement pattern when perceiving a social stimulus. We therefore suggest that even within laboratory settings an eye tracker may function as an implied social presence that leads individuals to modify their eye movement behaviour according to socially-derived inhibitory norms.