bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Lumbar Radiculoplexus Neuropathy in Diabetics: Preliminary Results of a Case–Control Study
Authors: Ravikanth Reddy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background The traditional diagnosis of lumbar radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRN) is based on a classical sequence of symptoms and targeted electrodiagnostic examination by means of electromyography. Ultrasonography reliably indicates the level of lumbar radiculopathy by assessing edema mesial to the site of compression.

Materials and Methods This case–control study was undertaken at a tertiary care hospital between July 2017 and June 2019 on 15 diabetic patients with symptoms of LRN. Fifteen healthy volunteers with no symptoms or clinical signs of LRN were included in the control group. The diameter (D) and transverse diameter (TD) of L1 nerve root (L1NR), L2NR, L3NR, and L4NR were measured, and their cross-sectional areas (CSAs) were calculated based on location in the lateral zone, where the NRs were visualized. On high-resolution ultrasonography, femoral nerve was localized lateral to the femoral artery in the femoral triangle beneath the inguinal ligament. Additionally, the CSA (calculated as CSA [mm2] = D × TD × π/4), the diameter (mm), and transverse diameter (mm) of bilateral femoral nerves at the level of L3-L4 were calculated.

Results The difference attributed to CSAs between affected NRs in LRN group and unaffected NRs in controls at levels L1-L4 was considered statistically significant (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed mean values to be 8 mm2 (CSA) for L1NR, 11.2 mm2 (CSA) for L2NR, 13.6 mm2 (CSA) for L3NR, and 17.8 mm2 (CSA) for L4NR. There was significant difference between ΔCSA of LRN patients and controls at L1 to L4 levels (p < 0.05). CSA measurements of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (8 mm2) and femoral nerve (58 mm2) performed on high-resolution ultrasonography were significantly larger on the affected side as compared with the unaffected side.

Conclusion Radiculoplexus neuropathy of the lumbar plexus can be reliably diagnosed on high-resolution ultrasonography that can reveal nerve thickening. The laterality of affected NRs was significantly greater in LRN group when compared with controls.
End-to-end anal Sphincter Repair in Treatment of Post-traumatic Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , El-Said Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present report describes the end-to-end technique of anal sphincter repair in a 36-year-old female patient with post-vaginal delivery fecal incontinence (FI). The patient had a history of two vaginal deliveries and the symptoms of FI were observed after the second delivery. On assessment of the severity of FI using the Wexner incontinence score, the patient had a score of 12. Endoanal ultrasonography revealed an anterior defect of the external anal sphincter extending from 11 to 3 o'clock. The patient had no previous anal surgery and did not have any medical comorbidities.The operation time was 45 minutes. No intraoperative complications were recorded. At 12 months of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement in the continence state, with her Wexner score dropping to 4. No postoperative complications were recorded. We can conclude that end-to-end anal sphincter repair is a technically feasible operation that confers satisfactory improvement in the continence state without imposing much tension on the site of sphincter repair.
Quality of Life of Primary Caregivers Attending a Rural Cancer Centre in Western Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kulkarni Shubham S. , Patil Chaitanya , Anap Yogesh S. , Tanawade Prasad K. , Watve Parag J. , Pawar Aditya S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Caregiver plays a vital role in taking good care of a cancer patient. But often, the caregiver’s quality of life (QOL) is overlooked.
Objectives This study aimed to understand the Caregiver QOL Index—Cancer (CQOL-C) score of the primary caregivers and to find the significant predictors affecting CQOL-C.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the caregivers attending a rural cancer center in western Maharashtra. The primary caregiver is an immediate relative who assists the patient in most routine activities and is not a professional caregiver. A pretested and predesigned questionnaire using the CQOL-C scale was used to interview the caregivers from December 2019 to June 2020. We analyzed the data using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Univariate analysis was done using Student’s t-test and a multivariate model was generated using linear regression analysis of the data.
Results A total of 114 caregivers were interviewed. The mean total CQOL-C score was 44.15 ± 17.24 (confidence interval [CI]: 41–47.3). About 71% of the caregivers reported moderate-to-severe hampering of their QOL. The mean CQOL-C scores in caregivers of patients with and without recurrent cancer were 58.24 (CI: 51.66–64.81) and 40.58 (CI: 37.35–43.80), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean CQOL-C scores in caregivers of patients with and without metastatic cancer were 56.68 (CI: 51. 13–62.22) and 39.80 (CI: 36.45–43.14), respectively (p < 0.001). The mean CQOL-C score in caregivers of patients with hematological malignancies was 60.03 (CI: 58.88–61.17) which was significantly higher compared with other sites (p = 0.0257).
Conclusion The majority of the caregivers in our study have moderate-to-severe detrimental QOL. Recurrence of cancer and metastatic cancer at presentation are the two significant factors affecting CQOL-C. There is an unmet need to cater to the primary caregiver’s concerns while we focus on treating cancer patients.
Improving Dental Access and Oral Health of Older Adults Living in Residential Care: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Glover Samantha , Kabir Russell 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives To explore the access to daily oral care and access to dentistry for those living in a residential care home.
Materials and Methods For this research, a residential care home and a dental practice within the local area to the care home was approached. A total of 45 participants were interviewed.
Statistical Analysis Semi-structured interviews with three separate cohorts were performed, the patients or their friends and families, care home staff, and the dental teams. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results The three cohorts of patients had similar concerns in accessing the dentists including transport, communication, training, and the need for raised awareness of the importance of oral health. The access to daily oral care was impacted upon by apathy and lack of education or training.
Conclusion Better training is required for care home staff and older people living in care on the importance of oral health. The provision of dental services for this community could be delivered differently with a focus on preventing and maintaining independence as long as possible.
Correlation between Perfusion Index and Left Ventricular Output in Healthy Late Preterm Infants
Authors: Aytekin Ayça , Hakan Nilay , İlhan Özkan , Aydin Mustafa , Olgun Haşim 
Published: September 2021

Objective The perfusion index (PI) is a noninvasive marker derived from photoelectric plethysmographic signals in pulse oximetry in the evaluation of peripheral perfusion. This study was aimed to determine the correlation between PI and left ventricular output (LVO) in healthy late preterm infants at 48th hour of life.Study Design With new generation pulse oximeter (MASIMO Rad 7 Oximeter) pre- and post-ductal PI values were recorded from healthy late preterm babies at the 48th hour of life. PI was determined simultaneously with LVO as measured by transthoracic echocardiography.Results A total of 50 late preterm babies were included in the study. The mean gestational age of the cases was 35.4 ± 0.7 weeks and the birth weight was 2,586 ± 362 g. Mean pre- and post-ductal PI values at the postnatal 48th hour of babies' life were found to be 2.0 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 1.1. The mean LVO value was 438 ± 124, LVO/kg 175 ± 50. When the LVO value was normalized according to the babies' body weight, there was no statistically significant correlation between the pre- and post-ductal PI and the LVO/kg value (r <0.2, p >0.05 in both comparisons).Conclusion There was no correlation between pre- and post-ductal PI and LVO values in healthy late preterm infants. This may be due to the failure of the LVO, a systemic hemodynamic parameter, to accurately reflect microvascular blood flow due to incomplete maturation of the sympathetic nervous system involved in the regulation of peripheral tissue perfusion in preterm babies.Key Points
A new high-pressure technique for the measurement of low frequency seismic attenuation using cyclic torsional loading
Authors: Perrillat Jean-Philippe , Bonjan Roman , Le Godec Yann , Bergame Frédéric , Philippe Julien , Mezouar Mohamed , Garbarino Gaston , King Andrew , Guignot Nicolas 
Published: September 2021

We report a new technique for torsional testing of materials under giga-pascal pressures, which uses a shearing module in a large-volume Paris–Edinburgh press in combination with high-resolution fast radiographic x-ray imaging. The measurement of the relative amplitude and phase lag between the cyclic displacement in the sample and a standard material (Al2O3) provides the effective shear modulus and attenuation factor for the sample. The system can operate in the 0.001–0.01 Hz frequency range and up to 5 GPa and 2000 K although high-temperature measurements may be affected by grain growth and plastic strain. Preliminary experimental results on San Carlos olivine are in quantitative agreement with previously reported Q−1 factors at lower pressure. This cyclic torsional loading method opens new directions to quantify the viscoelastic properties of minerals/rocks at seismic frequencies and under pressure–temperature conditions relevant to the Earth’s mantle for a better interpretation of seismological data.
Spin-free formulation of the multireference driven similarity renormalization group: A benchmark study of first-row diatomic molecules and spin-crossover energetics
Authors: Li Chenyang , Evangelista Francesco A. 
Published: September 2021

We report a spin-free formulation of the multireference (MR) driven similarity renormalization group (DSRG) based on the ensemble normal ordering of Mukherjee and Kutzelnigg [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 432 (1997)]. This ensemble averages over all microstates of a given total spin quantum number, and therefore, it is invariant with respect to SU(2) transformations. As such, all equations may be reformulated in terms of spin-free quantities and they closely resemble those of spin-adapted closed-shell coupled cluster (CC) theory. The current implementation is used to assess the accuracy of various truncated MR-DSRG methods (perturbation theory up to third order and iterative methods with single and double excitations) in computing the constants of 33 first-row diatomic molecules. The accuracy trends for these first-row diatomics are consistent with our previous benchmark on a small subset of closed-shell diatomic molecules. We then present the first MR-DSRG application on transition-metal complexes by computing the spin splittings of the [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(NH3)6]2+ molecules. A focal point analysis (FPA) shows that third-order perturbative corrections are essential to achieve reasonably converged energetics. The FPA based on the linearized MR-DSRG theory with one- and two-body operators and up to a quintuple-ζ basis set predicts the spin splittings of [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(NH3)6]2+ to be −35.7 and −17.1 kcal mol−1, respectively, showing good agreement with the results of local CC theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples.
Modern Siberian dog ancestry was shaped by several thousand years of Eurasian-wide trade and human dispersal
Authors: Feuerborn Tatiana R. , Carmagnini Alberto , Losey Robert J. , Nomokonova Tatiana , Askeyev Arthur , Askeyev Igor , Askeyev Oleg , Antipina Ekaterina E. , Appelt Martin , Bachura Olga P. , Beglane Fiona , Bradley Daniel G. , Daly Kevin G. , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Murphy Gregersen Kristian , Guo Chunxue , Gusev Andrei V. , Jones Carleton , Kosintsev Pavel A. , Kuzmin Yaroslav V. , Mattiangeli Valeria , Perri Angela R. , Plekhanov Andrei V. , Ramos-Madrigal Jazmín , Schmidt Anne Lisbeth , Shaymuratova Dilyara , Smith Oliver , Yavorskaya Lilia V. , Zhang Guojie , Willerslev Eske , Meldgaard Morten , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Larson Greger , Dalén Love , Hansen Anders J. , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Frantz Laurent 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The Siberian Arctic has witnessed numerous societal changes since the first known appearance of dogs in the region ∼10,000 years ago. These changes include the introduction of ironworking ∼2,000 years ago and the emergence of reindeer pastoralism ∼800 years ago. The analysis of 49 ancient dog genomes reveals that the ancestry of Arctic Siberia dogs shifted over the last 2,000 years due to an influx of dogs from the Eurasian Steppe and Europe. Combined with genomic data from humans and archaeological evidence, our results suggest that though the ancestry of human populations in Arctic Siberia did not change over this period, people there participated in trade with distant communities that involved both dogs and material culture.
Congruent trophic pathways underpin global coral reef food webs
Authors: Pozas-Schacre Chloé , Casey Jordan M. , Brandl Simon J. , Kulbicki Michel , Harmelin-Vivien Mireille , Strona Giovanni , Parravicini Valeriano 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Species loss can weaken the trophic interactions that underpin ecosystem functioning. Coral reefs are the world’s most diverse marine ecosystem, harboring interaction networks of extraordinary complexity. We show that, despite this complexity, global coral reef food webs are governed by a suite of highly consistent energetic pathways, regardless of regional differences in biodiversity. All networks are characterized by species with narrow dietary preferences, arranged into distinct groups of predator–prey interactions. These characteristics suggest that coral reef food webs are robust to the loss of prey resources but vulnerable to local extinctions of consumer species.
Norrie disease protein is essential for cochlear hair cell maturation
Authors: Hayashi Yushi , Chiang Hao , Tian ChunJie , Indzhykulian Artur A. , Edge Albert S. B. 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceNorrie disease causes deafness, blindness, and intellectual disability. By analyzing gene expression downstream of Norrie disease protein (Ndp), we show that Ndp controls a network of transcriptional regulators required for maturation and maintenance of cochlear hair cells. We demonstrate that Ndp secretion, after forced expression of the gene in cochlear supporting cells of Ndp-deficient mice, prevents the hearing-loss phenotype exhibited by these mice. Moreover, forced activation of the canonical Wnt pathway mediator, β-catenin, in hair cells is sufficient to rescue hearing, demonstrating that Ndp secreted from supporting cells acts on adjacent hair cells and is required for the maturation and continued functioning of these cells.
Elongin functions as a loading factor for Mediator at ATF6α-regulated ER stress response genes
Authors: He Yanfeng , Sato Shigeo , Tomomori-Sato Chieri , Chen Shiyuan , Goode Zach H. , Conaway Joan W. , Conaway Ronald C. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Activation of gene expression by the transcription factor ATF6α is a critical downstream event in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The findings presented here shed light on the mechanism underlying ATF6α-dependent transcription activation. In particular, they identify a pathway for recruitment of Mediator and the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery to promoters, as well as an unexpected role for the transcription factor Elongin in this process.
Toddlers draw broad negative inferences from wrongdoers’ moral violations
Authors: Ting Fransisca , Baillargeon Renée 
Published: September 2021

SignificanceAccording to prior research, 2-y-old toddlers possess expectations about several moral principles. Here, we show that when a wrongdoer violates one of these principles, toddlers draw broad negative inferences from this violation. After a wrongdoer violated ingroup support or harm avoidance when interacting with one individual, toddlers did not find it unexpected if the wrongdoer next violated fairness when interacting with other individuals. This was not because of toddlers’ mere reluctance to form expectations about the wrongdoer’s behavior, as they found it unexpected if the wrongdoer next acted generously toward another individual. Toddlers who observe a moral violation thus draw negative inferences about the wrongdoer’s moral character, which then guide their expectations about the wrongdoer’s likely behavior in other situations.
The functions of emotion-referencing names in Ibibio
Authors: Mensah Eyo , Dzokoto Vivian , Rowan Kirsty 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In certain societies including the Ibibio of Akwa Ibom State, South-Eastern Nigeria, naming is a distinctive system of communicative practice which is used to express emotion and construct the personhood and identity of the name-bearer. This article examines emotion-referencing names among the Ibibio and adopts an ethnographic approach to investigate the motivations for the name choice, their socio-onomastic significance and the extent of influence they have over their bearers’ ‘selves’. We find that emotion names are bestowed through a range of motivations such as being a reflection of familial problems, death-prevention, religiously inspired and namesaking. We conclude that regardless of these motivations or whether the name has a positive or negative VALENCE, for the Ibibio, emotion-referencing names appear to have a subtle psychological impact upon the name-bearers self-perception. Naming among the Ibibio, therefore, is not only a form of cultural identity but a prominent site to reflect on and interpret emotions.
The past participle and the periphrastic passive construction in French
Authors: Bres Jacques , Le Bellec Christel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our hypothesis is that the past participle is a singular form in the TAM (tense-aspect-mood) linguistic system in French,
in that it represents the internal time of the process on its terminal point ([R = Et]). Due to this representation of internal
time, the p.p. can be related to the second argument – the patientive argument – of a direct transitive process: it is the essential element
of the passive construction. Contrary to what is often written, the copula être ‘be’, is an optional element: it may serve
to develop the construction in its periphrastic dimension, but it is not necessary to the passive construction itself, as the cases of the
passive in the participial clause demonstrate. Moreover, the p.p. is not intrinsically resultative or processive, no more than it is active
or passive: from its aspect [R = Et], it can, in interaction with different contexts, participate in the production of these
different effects of meaning in discourse.
International workshop on next generation gamma-ray source
Authors: Howell C R , Ahmed M W , Afanasev A , Alesini D , Annand J R M , Aprahamian A , Balabanski D L , Benson S V , Bernstein A , Brune C R , Byrd J , Carlsten B E , Champagne A E , Chattopadhyay S , Davis D , Downie E J , Durham J M , Feldman G , Gao H , Geddes C G R , Grießhammer H W , Hajima R , Hao H , Hornidge D , Isaak J , Janssens R V F , Kendellen D P , Kovash M A , Martel P P , Meißner U-G , Miskimen R , Pasquini B , Phillips D R , Pietralla N , Savran D , Schindler M R , Sikora M H , Snow W M , Springer R P , Sun C , Tang C , Tiburzi B , Tonchev A P , Tornow W , Ur C A , Wang D , Weller H R , Werner V , Wu Y K , Yan J , Zhao Z , Zilges A , Zomer F 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A workshop on The Next Generation Gamma-Ray Source sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics at the Department of Energy, was held November 17-19, 2016 in Bethesda, Maryland. The goals of the workshop were to identify basic and applied research opportunities at the frontiers of nuclear physics that would be made possible by the beam capabilities of an advanced laser Compton beam facility. To anchor the scientific vision to realistically achievable beam specifications using proven technologies, the workshop brought together experts in the fields of electron accelerators, lasers, and optics to examine the technical options for achieving the beam specifications required by the most compelling parts of the proposed research programs. An international assembly of participants included current and prospective γ-ray beam users, accelerator and light-source physicists, and federal agency program managers. Sessions were organized to foster interactions between the beam users and facility developers, allowing for information sharing and mutual feedback between the two groups. The workshop findings and recommendations are summarized in this whitepaper.
Symmetry restoration in mean-field approaches
Authors: Sheikh J A , Dobaczewski J , Ring P , Robledo L M , Yannouleas C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The mean-field approximation based on effective interactions or density functionals plays a pivotal role in the description of finite quantum many-body systems that are too large to be treated by ab initio methods. Some examples are strongly interacting medium and heavy mass atomic nuclei and mesoscopic condensed matter systems. In this approach, the linear Schrödinger equation for the exact many-body wave function is mapped onto a non-linear one-body potential problem. This approximation, not only provides computationally very simple solutions even for systems with many particles, but due to the non-linearity, it also allows for obtaining solutions that break essential symmetries of the system, often connected with phase transitions. In this way, additional correlations are subsumed in the system. However, the mean-field approach suffers from the drawback that the corresponding wave functions do not have sharp quantum numbers and, therefore, many results cannot be compared directly with experimental data. In this article, we discuss general group-theory techniques to restore the broken symmetries, and provide detailed expressions on the restoration of translational, rotational, spin, isospin, parity and gauge symmetries, where the latter corresponds to the restoration of the particle number. In order to avoid the numerical complexity of exact projection techniques, various approximation methods available in the literature are examined. Applications of the projection methods are presented for simple nuclear models, realistic calculations in relatively small configuration spaces, nuclear energy density functional (EDF) theory, as well as in other mesoscopic systems. We also discuss applications of projection techniques to quantum statistics in order to treat the averaging over restricted ensembles with fixed quantum numbers. Further, unresolved problems in the application of the symmetry restoration methods to the EDF theories are highlighted in the present work.