bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Ultrasound to Evaluate Treatment Response During Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: De Voogd Floris , Joshi Harshad , Van Wassenaer Elsa , Bots Steven , D’Haens Geert , Gecse Krisztina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Active disease in inflammatory bowel disease patients during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Objective evaluation of disease activity is a core strategy in IBD, and during pregnancy noninvasive modalities are preferred. We aimed to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) to objectify disease activity throughout pregnancy.

Methods
Pregnant patients with known IBD were included and followed throughout pregnancy for clinical disease activity, with fecal calprotectin (FCP) and with IUS every trimester. Feasibility of IUS was assessed for all colonic segments and terminal ileum (TI). Intestinal ultrasound outcomes to detect active disease and treatment response were compared with clinical scores combined with FCP.

Results
In total, 38 patients (22 CD, 16 UC) were included, with 27 patients having serial IUS. Feasibility of IUS decreases significantly in third trimester for TI (first vs third trimester: 91.3% vs 21.7%, P &lt; .0001) and sigmoid (first vs third trimester: 95.6% vs 69.5%, P = .023). Intestinal ultrasound activity showed moderate to strong correlation with clinical activity (r = 0.60, P &lt; .0001) and FCP (r = 0.73, P &lt; .0001). Throughout pregnancy, IUS distinguished active from quiescent disease with 84% sensitivity and 98% specificity according to FCP combined with clinical activity. IUS showed disease activity in &gt;1 segment in 52% of patients and detected treatment response with 80% sensitivity and 92% specificity.

Conclusions
IUS is feasible and accurate throughout pregnancy, although visualization of the sigmoid and TI decreases in the third trimester. IUS provides objective information on disease activity, extent, and treatment response, even during second and third trimester, and offers a noninvasive strategy to closely monitor patients during pregnancy.
Risk factors for prolonged air leak and need for intervention following lung resection
Authors: Dezube Aaron R , Dolan Daniel P , Mazzola Emanuele , Kucukak Suden , De Leon Luis E , Bueno Raphael , Marshall M Blair , Jaklitsch Michael T , Rochefort Matthew M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Prolonged air leak (PAL; &gt;5 days) following lung resection is associated with postoperative morbidity. We investigated factors associated with PAL and PAL requiring intervention.

METHODS
Retrospective review of all patients undergoing lobectomy, segmentectomy or wedge resection from 2016 to 2019 at our institution. Bronchoplastic reconstructions and lung-volume reduction surgeries were excluded. Incidence and risk factors for PAL and PAL requiring intervention were evaluated.

RESULTS
In total, 2384 patients were included. PAL incidence was 5.4% (129/2384); 22.5% (29/129) required intervention. PAL patients were more commonly male (56.6% vs 39.7%), older (mean age 69 vs 65 years) and underwent lobectomy or thoracotomy (all P &lt; 0.001). Patients with PAL had longer length of stay (9 vs 3 days), more discharge needs and increased odds of complication (all P &lt; 0.050).
Twenty-nine patients required intervention (9 chest tubes; 4 percutaneous drains; 16 operations). In 50% of operative interventions, an air leak source was identified; however, the median time from intervention to resolution was 13 days. Patients requiring intervention had increased steroid use, lower diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and twice the length of stay versus PAL patients (all P &lt; 0.050).
On univariable analysis, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) &lt;40%, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide &lt;50%, steroid use and albumin &lt;3 had increased odds of intervention (P &lt; 0.050).

CONCLUSIONS
Age, gender and operative technique were related to PAL development. Patients with worse forced expiratory volume in 1 s or diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, steroid use or poor nutrition were less likely to heal on their own, indicating a population that could benefit from earlier intervention.
Clinical significance of part-solid lung cancer in the eighth edition TNM staging system
Authors: Okamoto Tatsuro , Miyawaki Michiyo , Toyokawa Gouji , Karashima Takashi , Abe Miyuki , Takumi Yohei , Hashimoto Takafumi , Osoegawa Atsuhi , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Takeuchi Hideya , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Sugio Kenji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The ground-glass component of part-solid tumour (PST) was eliminated as a clinical T (cT) descriptor in the eighth edition of the tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) staging system. We aimed to validate the new cT descriptor and investigate the prognostic impact of PST in the new staging system.

METHODS
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 1061) who underwent lung resection and were available for the assessment of thin-section computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed. Tumours with a solid component (SC) size-to-whole tumour size (STR) ratio of 0, those with 0 &lt; STR &lt; 1 and those with an STR of 1 were defined as pure ground-glass tumours, PSTs and solid tumours (STs), respectively.

RESULTS
Tumours with an SC diameter of &gt;30 mm were less frequently observed among PSTs than among STs (4.83% vs 32.6%, P &lt; 0.001). The postoperative 5-year survival of NSCLC patients with ground-glass tumour, PST and ST was 97.6%, 89.0% and 76.3%, respectively. In the survival analysis of patients with an SC diameter ≤30 mm, significant differences were observed among PST and ST (5-year survival, 90.7% vs 74.6%, P &lt; 0.001). The multivariable analysis showed that age &lt;70 years old, female sex, procedures with a lobectomy or more, SC size, pN0 disease and PST were independent predictors of a better survival among all PST and ST patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with cT1 tumours, those with PST showed a significantly better survival than did those with ST. Small-sized PST tumours may not be suitable for the new cT descriptor.
The remodelled intersection between copyright and antitrust law to straighten the bargaining power asymmetries in the digital platform economy
Authors: Iaia Vincenzo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article provides an assessment of the interplay between copyright, contract freedom and antitrust law in the current digital platform economy, as it was settled by the European legal strategy for a (fair) digital single market. It primarily focuses on the Digital Single Market (DSM) Directive and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) Proposal, evaluating if competition law instruments represent exceptional or structural remedies to correct the current failures of contract freedom and copyright enforcement within the delicate balance between authors, editors and online platforms.
The Kappa Opioid Receptor and the Sleep of Reason: Cortico-Subcortical Imbalance Following Salvinorin-A
Authors: Ona Genís , Sampedro Frederic , Romero Sergio , Valle Marta , Camacho Valle , Migliorelli Carolina , Mañanas Miguel Ángel , Antonijoan Rosa Maria , Puntes Montserrat , Coimbra Jimena , Ballester Maria Rosa , Garrido Maite , Riba Jordi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms through which kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists induce psychotomimetic effects are largely unknown, although the modulation of this receptor has attracted attention for its clinical use. In this work, we characterize the neuropharmacological effects of salvinorin-A, a highly selective KOR agonist.

Methods
Changes in multimodal electroencephalography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and subjective effects following the acute administration of salvinorin-A are reported. The study included 2 sub-studies that employed a double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled design.

Results
The electroencephalography measures showed a marked increase in delta and gamma waves and a decrease in alpha waves while subjects were under the effect of salvinorin-A. Regarding single-photon emission computed tomography measures, significant decreases in regional cerebral blood flow were detected in multiple regions of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. Significant regional cerebral blood flow increases were observed in some regions of the medial temporal lobe, including the amygdala, the hippocampal gyrus, and the cerebellum. The pattern of subjective effects induced by salvinorin-A was similar to those observed in relation to other psychotomimetic drugs but with an evidently dissociative nature. No dysphoric effects were reported.

Conclusion
The salvinorin-A–mediated KOR agonism induced dramatic psychotomimetic effects along with a generalized decrease in cerebral blood flow and electric activity within the cerebral cortex.
Reconstruction of Twisted Steinberg Algebras
Authors: Armstrong Becky , de Castro Gilles G , Clark Lisa Orloff , Courtney Kristin , Lin Ying-Fen , McCormick Kathryn , Ramagge Jacqui , Sims Aidan , Steinberg Benjamin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show how to recover a discrete twist over an ample Hausdorff groupoid from a pair consisting of an algebra and what we call a quasi-Cartan subalgebra. We identify precisely which twists arise in this way (namely, those that satisfy the local bisection hypothesis), and we prove that the assignment of twisted Steinberg algebras to such twists and our construction of a twist from a quasi-Cartan pair are mutually inverse. We identify the algebraic pairs that correspond to effective groupoids and to principal groupoids. We also indicate the scope of our results by identifying large classes of twists for which the local bisection hypothesis holds automatically.
From ‘shelving sovereignty’ to ‘regularized patrol’?: prospect theory and Sino–Japanese islands dispute (2012–14)
Authors: Jie Dalei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article draws on prospect theory to explain the variation of China’s risk propensity during the 2012–14 Diaoyu/Senkaku islands disputes with Japan. China’s initial reference point 1.0 regarding the disputed islands was the ‘shelving agreement’ ‘shelving the sovereignty dispute and a tacit acceptance of Japan’s de facto exclusive control. So after Japan’s ‘nationalization’ of the Diaoyu/Senkaku islands, China was clearly in a domain of losses. China was thus highly risk-acceptant by intensifying maritime and air patrolling, engaging in provocative behaviors, and suspending crisis management mechanisms. Meanwhile, China’s reference point evolved. Discourse analysis of Chinese official statements and media coverage indicated that regularized patrolling or joint control became China’s reference point 2.0. As it started to act from a domain of gains, Chinese behaviors turned risk-averse by scaling back patrolling and resuming negotiations over crisis management mechanisms.
Systemic Optimization and Validation of Normal and Reversed-Phase Eco-Friendly Chromatographic Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in the Presence of Paracetamol Impurities
Authors: Farid Joliana F , Mostafa Nadia M , Fayez Yasmin M , Essam Hebatallah M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chromatographic behavior of different substances in normal and reversed phases is an interesting area in the scientific community.

Objective
The work aimed to optimize and validate chromatographic separation methods for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR) and phenylephrine HCl (PHE) in the presence of PAR impurities, namely p-aminophenol, p-nitrophenol, acetanilide, and p-chloroacetanilide with further quantification of these toxic impurities.

Methods
TLC method based on normal phase separation was carried out on aluminum sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using ethanol:chloroform:ammonia as a developing system, followed by densitometric measurements. While HPLC is based on reversed phase separation using a C18 column against acetonitrile:phosphate buffer pH 5 as a mobile phase.

Results
PAR and PHE were determined by the TLC-densitometric method in concentration ranges of 3–25 and 0.1–3 µg/band, respectively, and determined by the HPLC method over concentration ranges of 5–400 and 2–80 µg/mL, respectively. Both methods were optimized and validated. Furthermore, they were successfully applied for pharmaceutical formulations with precision &lt;2%. Moreover, results of a statistical comparison with the official methods confirm the methods’ validity claims.

Conclusion
Two eco-friendly chromatographic methods were developed to determine PAR and PHE in their binary mixtures, pharmaceutical formulations, and in the presence of PAR-related impurities with further quantification of these toxic impurities.

Highlights
These simple chromatographic methods are the first methods developed for simultaneous determination of PAR and PHE in the presence of PAR-related impurities.
Mathematical Modeling for HPLC Separation and Quantification of an Anti hypertensive Combination by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Hemdan Ahmed M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Determination of a multi-component mixture by HPLC requires many preliminary runs for method development which is both time-consuming and expensive due to the usage of large solvent volumes.

Objective
In the present study, the main objective was to reduce the preliminary runs that are required for optimizing the method conditions and also shorten the run time of analysis to be suitable for quality control laboratories where there are a large number of samples to be analyzed.

Methods
That was achieved using a two-factor, three-level response surface experiment which is a multivariate design that predicts the significant factors for optimizing the studied responses.

Results
The response surface design suggests that both acetonitrile ratio and flow rate are significant factors for full resolution of the studied mixture: atenolol, amiloride, and hydrochlorothiazide. The studied mixture was fully separated and determined in less than 5 min with perfect resolution.

Conclusion
Experimental design is a very beneficial tool for optimization of the method conditions in HPLC, especially if the studied mixture ingredients have overlapping peaks. For atenolol, amiloride, and hydrochlorothiazide, acetonitrile and flow rate were found to be the significant factors that affected the resolution of the studied mixture.

Highlights
Response surface design is a powerful tool that could be used for predicting the significant factors for separation in HPLC. Optimization of the method conditions was done using a limited number of preliminary runs. The studied ternary mixture was fully separated in less than 5 min with the aid of experimental design.
Attempted Murder of a Young Child Followed by an Attempted Suicide of the Mother by Injection of Insulin Aspart: Identification of Quantification of Insulin by LC–HRMS and UPLC–MS-MS in Blood of the Two Cases
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Godard Estelle , Gheddar Laurie , Raul Jean-Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The identification and quantification of insulin and its analogs have always been a challenge in the forensic field. Murder, suicide attempts and induced hypoglycemia in the context of factitious disorders have been described with the use of synthetic analogs of human insulin. There is very less information in the literature about aspart insulin concentrations in overdose cases. In this paper, we present a case of a nurse who tried to murder her 10-year-old daughter by injecting her aspart insulin and who, later, tried to commit suicide by injecting herself the same hormone. Two empty syringes and a FIASP® Flextouch pen were found in the woman’s apartment. A liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) method was developed in order to identify and discriminate aspart insulin from human insulin in blood samples as well as in syringes and pen, while an liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method was developed for the quantification of insulin in blood samples. Aspart insulin tested positive at 5.7 and 2.4 ng/mL in the blood specimens of the mother and the child, respectively. The substance contained in the syringes and pen also corresponded to aspart insulin. Although the mother claims to have injected an overdose of aspart insulin, the concentrations found were in the therapeutic range for subjects under therapy. Due to the high instability of insulin and the long time elapsed between sampling and forensic analysis (8 months) due to administrative reasons, the concentration at the time of collection was probably much higher. In this case, it was possible to identify aspart insulin and discriminate it from human insulin in a context of attempted murder and subsequent attempted suicide using high-resolution mass spectrometry, which is of paramount importance in forensic medicine.
Quantifying Sexual Constitution: Abraham Myerson's Endocrine Study of Male Homosexuality, 1938-1942
Authors: McLaughlin Matthew J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Using the new medical science of endocrinology, scientific sex researchers in the 1920s and 1930s began studying sex hormone excretion as a means to search for the biological basis of human sexuality. One of these researchers was Abraham Myerson, a leading psychiatrist and researcher from Boston who conducted a series of innovative endocrine experiments between 1938 and 1942 in an effort to establish a relationship between sex hormone excretion patterns and homosexuality in men. While prevailing cultural models of heteronormativity identified male homosexuality as an abnormal case of biological femininity in men, Myerson’s framework and experimental research transcended this limiting duality of sexual biology. Adopting the theory of bisexuality, he argued that all men possessed a natural variability of masculine and feminine traits in their biological, social, and sexual characteristics, and that the disparity among these traits could be quantified and understood using sex hormones. In reconstructing Myerson’s research methods and data analysis, this paper uncovers how he established a distinctive diagnostic method and classification system for male homosexuality and illuminates how he conceptualized and categorized male sexuality as quantifiable and independent of personality.
Moderating Diversity, Collective Commitment, and Discrimination: The Role of Ethical Leaders in the Public Sector
Authors: Moon Kuk-Kyoung , Christensen Robert K 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDespite public administration’s growing interest in personnel diversity and ethical leadership, little is known about the effectiveness of ethical leadership in managing diverse public workforces. Can ethical leadership moderate the relationships between demographic diversity and key organizational outcomes? To answer, we synthesize four theories about demographic diversity, ethical leadership, and inclusion: social categorization theory, social exchange theory, social learning theory, and optimal distinctiveness theory. These theories illuminate the interrelationships between diversity, ethical leadership, and two types of collective organizational outcomes: affective commitment climate and race-based employment discrimination. Using panel data from the US federal government, feasible generalized least squares models indicate that racial diversity is negatively related to affective commitment climate and positively related to race-based employment discrimination. The results also show that ethical leadership beneficially moderates the associations of racial diversity with the two organizational outcomes. These findings suggest that ethical leadership aids public managers and personnel in racially diverse public agencies.
Head Impact Modeling to Support a Rotational Combat Helmet Drop Test
Authors: Terpsma Ryan , Carlsen Rika Wright , Szalkowski Ron , Malave Sushant , Fawzi Alice Lux , Franck Christian , Hovey Chad 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) military specification (mil-spec) provides blunt impact acceleration criteria that must be met before use by the U.S. warfighter. The specification, which requires a helmeted magnesium Department of Transportation (DOT) headform to be dropped onto a steel hemispherical target, results in a translational headform impact response. Relative to translations, rotations of the head generate higher brain tissue strains. Excessive strain has been implicated as a mechanical stimulus leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesized that the linear constrained drop test method of the ACH specification underreports the potential for TBI.Materials and MethodsTo establish a baseline of translational acceleration time histories, we conducted linear constrained drop tests based on the ACH specification and then performed simulations of the same to verify agreement between experiment and simulation. We then produced a high-fidelity human head digital twin and verified that biological tissue responses matched experimental results. Next, we altered the ACH experimental configuration to use a helmeted Hybrid III headform, a freefall cradle, and an inclined anvil target. This new, modified configuration allowed both a translational and a rotational headform response. We applied this experimental rotation response to the skull of our human digital twin and compared brain deformation relative to the translational baseline.ResultsThe modified configuration produced brain strains that were 4.3 times the brain strains from the linear constrained configuration.ConclusionsWe provide a scientific basis to motivate revision of the ACH mil-spec to include a rotational component, which would enhance the test’s relevance to TBI arising from severe head impacts.
New observations on the corallivorous nudibranchPhestilla melanobrachia: morphology, dietary spectrum and early development
Authors: Yiu Sam King Fung , Chung Sheena Suet-Wah , Qiu Jian-Wen 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPhestilla melanobrachia is a coral-eating nudibranch widely distributed in the tropical Pacific. Previous studies have revealed only two colour morphs of P. melanobrachia, an orange form preying on various orange Dendrophyllia and Tubastraea spp. and a dark green form preying on the black Tubastraea micrantha and Tubastraea diaphana. Both colour morphs live in relatively deep waters (15–25 m) of exposed shores. We conducted morphological and molecular analysis, which revealed a beige colour morph of P. melanobrachia that feeds on the hermatypic scleractinian coral Turbinaria peltata in shallow waters (&lt;10 m). The three genera of corals all belong to the family Dendrophylliidae, but Dendrophyllia and Tubastraea are azooxanthellates whereas Turbinaria is zooxanthellate. Consistent with their diet, the beige colour morph has a high abundance of dinoflagellate cells in the ceratal tips, whereas the other two colour morphs contain only few or no dinoflagellate cells in their cerata. Our finding of this new colour morph extends the knowledge about the diet, ecological niche and potential ecological impact of this species of corallivorous nudibranch.