bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4‐Aminosalicylic Acid Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Rapid Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Wastewater Using Minicolumn
Authors: Saxena Megha , Sharma Niharika , Saxena Reena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, 4‐aminosalicylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT‐ASA) filled in a mini‐column and attached to a Flow‐injection system for the adsorptive removal of Crystal violet (CV) dye was employed. The remaining CV concentration was detected by a UV‐Visible Spectrophotometric method, which is proposed in this paper. The factors influencing the adsorption and desorption of CV, such as pH, eluent, sample and eluent flow rates were optimized. The optimum pH was 5.5, the eluent selected for desorption was 1 N acetic acid: ethanol (8 : 2), and the sample and eluent flow rate were both 5 mL min−1. Under the optimum conditions, the results obtained showed that CNT‐ASA possessed excellent dye removal efficiency of ∼99 % and adsorption capacity of 440 mg g−1 for CV. The advantage of using the flow‐injection system is the faster adsorption process (in just 1 minute), less amount and high reuse of the nano‐adsorbent, which is better in comparison to the traditional column method. The proposed method was applied on industrial and river water samples and good recovery (99–105 %) was obtained. Hence, it can be concluded that the proposed method is fast, effective, and can be applied on large‐scale wastewater treatment.
Ni(II)‐Mediated Ortho C(sp2)‐H Amidation of Arenes to Synthesis Secondary Sulfonamides via Sulfonyl Azides
Authors: Xu Peng , Shi Si−Yi , Du Zhi‐jun , Bai Ji‐Rong , Zhou Pin , Wang Ling‐ling , Dong Shuang , Sun Xiao‐Nan , Zhou Quan‐Fa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we described Ni(II)‐mediated C(sp2)−H amidation of arenes directed by an amide‐tethered oxazoline directing group. The method provides a direct easy manner to achieve sulfonamides derivatives by available sulfonyl azides as amine source. The protocol exhibited moderate yields and functional group compatibility. Additionally, Synthetic amide compound has the Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) phenomenon, which exhibit the potential application in OLEDs field.
Mechanistic Insights into the Voltammetric Determination of Riboflavin at Poly (Serine) Modified Graphite and Carbon Nanotube Composite Paste Electrode
Authors: Prinith Nambudumada S. , Manjunatha Jamballi G. , Tigari Girish , ALOthman Zeid A. , Alanazi Amer M. , Pandith Anup 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntense present work is directed on the fabrication and application of Poly (serine) modified graphite carbon nanotube composite paste electrode (PSR/CNTPE) for determining the Riboflavin (RF). The surface qualities of the projected sensor were observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) and the conductivity by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. The electrochemical redox activity of the PSR/CNTPE to RF was investigated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Outcomes displays that Poly (serine) in CNTPE enhanced the catalytic performance of the electrode towards the redox reaction of RF. The voltammetric response of PSR/CNTPE exhibited linear dependence for extended concentration range of RF from 6 μM to 50 μM with lower detection limit of 3.4×10−8 M.The PSR/CNTPE revealed to be reproducible, highly stable and successfully validated for the pharmaceutical, beverage and milk samples. The fabricated electrode was conducive and displayed two well‐separated oxidation signals for the solution containing two vitamins RF and Folic Acid (FA). The projected sensor is an adequate candidate for electrochemical sensing of RF.
Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Fabricating Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Li Gang , Li Chenglong , Li Guodong , Yu Dehai , Song Zhaoping , Wang Huili , Liu Xiaona , Liu Hong , Liu Wenxia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConductive hydrogels can be prepared by incorporating various conductive materials into polymeric network hydrogels. In recent years, conductive hydrogels have been developed and applied in the field of strain sensors owing to their unique properties, such as electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, self‐healing, and anti‐freezing properties. These remarkable properties allow conductive hydrogel‐based strain sensors to show excellent performance for identifying external stimuli and detecting human body movement, even at subzero temperatures. This review summarizes the properties of conductive hydrogels and their application in the fabrication of strain sensors working in different modes. Finally, a brief prospectus for the development of conductive hydrogels in the future is provided.
Recent Advanced Development of Artificial Interphase Engineering for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Tian , Hua Yongbin , Xu Zhanwei , Yu Jae Su 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a sodium (Na) metal anode strongly affects the Na deposition morphology and the cycle life of Na metal batteries (SMBs). SMB applications are hindered by an unstable SEI and dendrite growth on the Na anode surface, which directly cause low coulombic efficiency and can even lead to safety issues. An artificial interface layer can stabilize Na metal anodes, be easily tailored, and is barely affected by electrochemical processes. In this review, recent advances that support the stability of working Na metal anodes are focused via artificial interphase engineering of inorganic materials, organic materials, and organic–inorganic composite materials, with an emphasis on the significance of interface engineering in SMBs. Fundamental investigations of artificial interphase engineering are also discussed on Na metal anodes and some recent research is summarized to enhance the interface between Na metal and electrolytes using an artificial interface layer. The prospects for interphase chemistry for Na metal anodes are provided to open a way to safe, high‐energy, next‐generation SMBs.
Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles‐Embedded Coatings on Anti‐Inflammatory TiO2 Nanotubes for Bacteria Elimination and Inflammatory Environment Amelioration
Authors: He Ye , Li Ke , Yang Xin , Leng Jin , Xu Kun , Yuan Zhang , Lin Chuanchuan , Tao Bailong , Li Xuan , Hu Jingwei , Dai Liangliang , Becker Ryan , Huang Tony Jun , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImplant‐associated bacterial infections significantly impair the integration between titanium and soft tissues. Traditional antibacterial modifications of titanium implants are able to eliminate bacteria, but the resulting pro‐inflammatory reactions are usually ignored, which still poses potential risks to human bodies. Here, a dual drug‐loading system on titanium has been developed via the adhesion of a catechol motif‐modified methacrylated gelatin hydrogel onto TiO2 nanotubes. Then synthesized CaO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are embedded into the hydrogel, and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) is loaded into the nanotubes to achieve both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties. The dual drug‐loading system can eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) rapidly, attributed to the H2O2 release from CaO2 NPs. The potential cytotoxicity of CaO2 NPs is also remarkably reduced after being embedded into the hydrogel. More importantly, with the gradual release of IL‐4, the dual drug‐loading system is capable of modulating pro‐inflammatory reactions by inducing M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages. In a subcutaneous infection model, the S. aureus contamination is effectively resolved after 2 days, and the resulting pro‐inflammatory reactions are also inhibited after 7 days. Finally, the damaged tissue is significantly recovered. Taken together, the dual drug‐loading system exhibits great therapeutic potential in effectively killing pathogens and inhibiting the resulting pro‐inflammatory reactions.
Strained Endotaxial PbS Nanoprecipitates Boosting Ultrahigh Thermoelectric Quality Factor in n‐Type PbTe As‐Cast Ingots
Authors: Liu Shixuan , Yu Yong , Wu Di , Xu Xiao , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei , He Jiaqing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLead telluride (PbTe) has long been regarded as an excellent thermoelectric material at intermediate temperature range (573–873 K); however, n‐type PbTe's performance is always relatively inferior to its p‐type counterpart mainly due to their different electronic band structures. In this work, an ultrahigh thermoelectric quality factor (µ/κL ≈ 1.36 × 105 cm3 KJ−1 V−1) is reported in extra 0.3% Cu doped n‐type (PbTe)0.9(PbS)0.1 as‐cast ingots. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization reveals that excess PbS exists in PbTe matrix as strained endotaxial nanoprecipitates, which affect electrical and thermal conduction discriminately: (1) coherent PbTe/PbS lattice minimizes the interface scattering of charge carriers; (2) periodic strain centers at PbTe/PbS interface exhibit intensive strain contrast, which can strongly scatter heat‐carrying phonons. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) characterization illustrates very large PbTe grains (≈1 mm) in these as‐cast ingots, ensuring an extremely low grain boundary scattering rate thus a very high charge carrier mobility. Eventually, a remarkably high ZTmax ≈ 1.5 at 773 K and an outstanding ZTavg ≈ 1.0 between 323 and 773 K are simultaneously achieved in the (PbTe)0.9(PbS)0.1 +0.3%Cu sample; these values are highly competitive with reported state‐of‐art n‐type PbTe materials.
Characterizing commodity serverless computing platforms
Authors: Wen Jinfeng , Liu Yi , Chen Zhenpeng , Chen Junkai , Ma Yun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractServerless computing has become a new trending paradigm in cloud computing, allowing developers to focus on the development of core application logic and rapidly construct the prototype via the composition of independent functions. With the development and prosperity of serverless computing, major cloud vendors have successively rolled out their commodity serverless computing platforms. However, the characteristics of these platforms have not been systematically studied. Measuring these characteristics can help developers to select the most adequate serverless computing platform and develop their serverless‐based applications in the right way. To fill this knowledge gap, we present a comprehensive study on characterizing mainstream commodity serverless computing platforms, including AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, Azure Functions, and Alibaba Cloud Function Compute. Specifically, we conduct both qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, we compare these platforms from three aspects (i.e., development, deployment, and runtime) based on their official documentation to construct a taxonomy of characteristics. In quantitative analysis, we analyze the runtime performance of these platforms from multiple dimensions with well‐designed benchmarks. First, we analyze three key factors that can influence the startup latency of serverless‐based applications. Second, we compare the resource efficiency of different platforms with 16 representative benchmarks. Finally, we measure their performance difference when dealing with different concurrent requests and explore the potential causes in a black‐box fashion. Based on the results of both qualitative and quantitative analysis, we derive a series of findings and provide insightful implications for both developers and cloud vendors.
Anwendung von höherfrequenten Hämmerverfahren bei Kranbahnträgern
Authors: Dürr André , Winkler Matthias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDie höherfrequenten Hämmerverfahren (HFH) sind Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren zur Steigerung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von geschweißten Kerbdetails. Seit 2019 steht in Deutschland für diese Verfahren die DASt‐Richtlinie 026 für Neukonstruktionen im Bauwesen zur Verfügung. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass diese Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren unter Beachtung gewisser Randbedingungen auch bei Bestandskonstruktionen zur Lebensdauerverlängerung eingesetzt werden können. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags erfolgt eine zusammenfassende Darstellung zum Stand der Technik zu diesen Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren. Darüber hinaus sind Erläuterungen gegeben, inwiefern die HFH‐Verfahren bei der Bemessung kranbahnspezifischer Kerbdetails bei Neukonstruktionen berücksichtigt werden können bzw. welche Vorteile bei der Anwendung an Bestandskonstruktionen bestehen.
Xanthorrhizol inhibits non‐small cell carcinoma (A549) cell growth and promotes apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/AKT and NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Cai Yong , Sheng Zhaoying , Wang Jiying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractXanthorrhizol (XNT) is a sesquiterpenoid agent isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza; It is known to exhibit various pharmacological activities including anti‐cancer. We investigated the anti‐cell proliferative and proapoptotic effects of XNT on Non‐small cell carcinoma (A549) cells were analyzed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis morphological changes were explored by Hoechst and AO/EtBr staining. Our study demonstrated that XNT treatment significantly reduced the viability of A549 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. We observed that XNT‐induced oxidative stress‐mediated apoptotic cell death by increasing intracellular ROS generation, depleting antioxidant levels, enhancing lipid peroxidation, increased apoptotic morphological changes, and % of DNA damage on human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, we observed that the XNT induce apoptosis through inhibits phosphorylation of PI3K, AKTand inhibit NF‐κBp65 transcriptional signaling activity. In addition, XNT treatment alters the ΔΨm, thereby induces apoptosis was closely coordinated with the induction of pro‐apoptotic markers Bax, Bad, caspase‐ 3, 9 and cytochrome c, and suppression of anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL) protein expression. According to our results, XNT‐inducing apoptosis in A549 cells by causing oxidative damage and modulating apoptotic signaling events. Finally, XNT‐induced apoptotic cell death was confirmed by the TUNEL assay. Therefore, XNT might be used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
Wuchttechnologie von Turbopumpen‐Rotoren
Authors: Wielsch Pascal , Kreuter Alexander , Schopphoff Andreas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungSeit der Erfindung der Turbopumpe im Jahre 1958 hat es bereits zahlreiche Verbesserungen und Verfeinerungen gegeben. Ein Aspekt, welcher einen großen Einfluss auf die Lebensdauer und die Performance der Turbopumpe hat, ist die Wuchtgüte des Rotors. Dieser Parameter kann durch verschiedene Technologien beeinflusst werden. In der Praxis weist jedes rotierende Bauteil eine gewisse Unwucht auf, welche nicht vollständig vermieden werden kann. Damit besteht hier die unbedingte Notwendigkeit, die Unwucht der immer schneller drehenden Rotoren mit entsprechenden Maßnahmen zu reduzieren, um später einen möglichst vibrationsarmen Betrieb zu ermöglichen. Die neueste und bisher effizienteste Methode ist das in diesem Artikel vorgestellte Laser Balancing.
The importance of RNA modifications: From cells to muscle physiology
Authors: Das Anindhya Sundar , Alfonzo Juan D. , Accornero Federica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNaturally occurring post‐transcriptional chemical modifications serve critical roles in impacting RNA structure and function. More directly, modifications may affect RNA stability, intracellular transport, translational efficiency, and fidelity. The combination of effects caused by modifications are ultimately linked to gene expression regulation at a genome‐wide scale. The latter is especially true in systems that undergo rapid metabolic and or translational remodeling in response to external stimuli, such as the presence of stressors, but beyond that, modifications may also affect cell homeostasis. Although examples of the importance of RNA modifications in translation are accumulating rapidly, still what these contribute to the function of complex physiological systems such as muscle is only recently emerging. In the present review, we will introduce key information on various modifications and highlight connections between those and cellular malfunctions. In passing, we will describe well‐documented roles for modifications in the nervous system and use this information as a stepping stone to emphasize a glaring paucity of knowledge on the role of RNA modifications in heart and skeletal muscle, with particular emphasis on mitochondrial function in those systems.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
Helicopter‐Based Chemical Immobilization of Mountain Goats in Coastal Alaska
Authors: White Kevin S. , Watts Dominique E. , Beckmen Kimberlee B. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTThe development, evaluation, and refinement of effective and humane capture methods for wildlife studies is important for increasing our capacity to understand and effectively manageand conserve wildlife populations. Carfentanil has been the primary agent used to chemically immobilize mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) during the past 40 years. However, carfentanil is no longer commercially available for wildlife captures in North America. To investigate viable alternatives for mountain goat capture, we conducted field trials using thiafentanil to immobilize free‐ranging mountain goats via aerial darting methods; thiafentanil responses were then compared to a standard and widely used carfentanil dose. During June–October, 2005–2020, we immobilized mountain goats with either 2.4–3.0 mg carfentanil (n = 444) or 6.0–7.0 mg thiafentanil (n = 68) across a range of different field conditions at 6 different study sites in coastal Alaska. Induction and recovery times were more rapid (and subsequent immobilization times reduced) using thiafentanil compared to carfentanil. In most other respects, however, immobilization characteristics (i.e., body temperature, pulse rate, relative oxygen saturation) were virtually indistinguishable between individuals immobilized with carfentanil or thiafentanil. During typical immobilizations, mean rectal temperature increased 1.8° C, but increased as much as 3.0° C in some extreme cases. Administration of supplemental oxygen resulted in substantial, potentially clinically significant increases in peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen, and pH in immobilized mountain goats. Our findings indicate that thiafentanil is an effective alternative to carfentanil for chemical immobilization of mountain goats and may offer some important advantages, particularly when immobilizing mountain goats and other species in difficult and potentially dangerous capture environments. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer
Authors: Figueroa Rodolfo G. , Valente Mauro , Guarda Jaime , Leiva Jorge , Quilaguilque Eduardo , Casanelli Bryan , Leyton Fernando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel and suitable energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent (EDXRF) device, currently at the prototype stage, the Project OXIRIS (Orthovoltage X‐Ray–Induced Radiation System), is presented for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer diseases. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results of EDXRF signals from a small deep artificial tumor consisting of a solution of gold nanoparticles bio‐targeted and immersed in a tissue‐bioequivalent matrix are presented and compared. Briefly, the device consists of a dynamic orthovoltage X‐ray fluence concentration coupled to confocal with an EDXRF system along with a sample holder for 3D scanning; all integrated and controlled by a dedicated software capable of controlling the whole operation functionalities: the X‐ray source, the rotating arm, the sample holder, and the detection system. The software also includes dedicated subroutines for X‐ray fluorescent spectra processing to correlate K‐lines signal at each acquisition position with the corresponding high atomic number elements' concentration to produce a 3D distribution according to the user‐defined grid. The confocal configuration ensures that the detected signal comes exclusively from the excited volume as defined by the bulk of the focal spot. Hence, the 3D image is achieved by scanning the sample holder through the movement of the sample‐carrier stretcher moved by step motors in the 3 coordinated axes. The feasibility of the proposed methodology and the design of the prototype have been successfully demonstrated experimentally, targeting gold nanoparticles in water‐equivalent phantoms.
Past, present, and future: Leadership education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Hotchkins Bryan K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on the history of leadership education and student leadership development at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Although HBCUs range in size and scope, the positive impact that HBCUs have had on graduates and the community large writ is unprecedented especially for students, faculty, administrators and staff of African descent.
Furred and feathered friends: How attached are zookeepers to the animals in their care?
Authors: Melfi Vicky , Skyner Lindsay , Birke Lynda , Ward Samantha J. , Shaw Wendy S. , Hosey Geoff 
Published: October 2021

AbstractKeeper‐animal relationships (KARs) appear to be important in zoos, since they can enhance the well‐being of both the animals and the keepers, can make animal husbandry easier, but conversely might risk inappropriate habituation of animals and possible risks to the safety of keepers. It is, therefore, important to know more about the variables involved in relationship formation. Here we use a modified version of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS) to measure the strength of KARs between keepers and animals in their care, both in the zoo and in the home. LAPS questionnaires were completed by 187 keepers in 19 different collections across three countries. LAPS scores for attachment to zoo animals (ZA) were significantly lower than for pet animals (PA). There was no significant difference in ZA scores between different taxa, but there were significant taxon differences between PA scores. There were significant differences in both ZA and PA scores between different collections. Female respondents scored more highly than males for both ZA and PA. Multiple regression revealed that location, gender, and time spent with animals were significant predictors for ZA, while only gender and taxon were significant predictors for PA. It was concluded that PA scores were comparable with those for the general public, and reflected strong attachment of keepers to their pets, while ZA scores, although also reflecting attachment, were influenced by differences in institutional culture.
The physical states of the Hybrid Formalism
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Naderi Kiarash 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
String theory on AdS3 × S3 × $$ \mathbbm{T} $$
T
4 with one unit (k = 1) of NS-NS flux is considered in the hybrid formalism of Berkovits, Vafa & Witten (BVW). Using the free field realisation of the world-sheet theory at k = 1, we identify explicitly the BRST cohomology classes corresponding to some of the low-lying states of the dual CFT. In particular, we do this for the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal generators of the symmetric orbifold theory, and we confirm these identifications by showing that the worldsheet correlators reproduce the expected dual CFT answer. Along the way we note that the physical vertex operators on the worldsheet have a simpler form if one works with a different, but equivalent, choice for the BRST operators relative to BVW.