bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive nodal breast VMAT: solving the low‐dose wash dilemma using an iterative knowledge‐based radiotherapy planning solution
Authors: Stanton Cameron , Bell Linda J. , Le Andrew , Griffiths Brooke , Wu Kenny , Adams Jessica , Ambrose Leigh , Andree‐Evarts Denise , Porter Brian , Bromley Regina , van Gysen Kirsten , Morgia Marita , Lamoury Gillian , Eade Thomas , Booth Jeremy T. , Carroll Susan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAimed to develop a simple and robust volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) solution for comprehensive lymph node (CLN) breast cancer without increase in low‐dose wash.MethodsForty CLN‐breast patient data sets were utilised to develop a knowledge‐based planning (KBP) VMAT model, which limits low‐dose wash using iterative learning and base‐tangential methods as benchmark. Another twenty data sets were employed to validate the model comparing KBP‐generated ipsilateral VMAT (ipsi‐VMAT) plans against the benchmarked hybrid (h)‐VMAT (departmental standard) and bowtie‐VMAT (published best practice) methods. Planning target volume (PTV), conformity/homogeneity index (CI/HI), organ‐at‐risk (OAR), remaining‐volume‐at‐risk (RVR) and blinded radiation oncologist (RO) plan preference were evaluated.ResultsIpsi‐ and bowtie‐VMAT plans were dosimetrically equivalent, achieving greater nodal target coverage (P < 0.05) compared to h‐VMAT with minor reduction in breast coverage. CI was enhanced for a small reduction in breast HI with improved dose sparing to ipsilateral‐lung and humeral head (P < 0.05) at immaterial expense to spinal cord. Significantly, low‐dose wash to OARs and RVR were comparable between all plan types demonstrating a simple VMAT class solution robust to patient‐specific anatomic variation can be applied to CLN breast without need for complex beam modification (hybrid plans, avoidance sectors or other). This result was supported by blinded RO review.ConclusionsA simple and robust ipsilateral VMAT class solution for CLN breast generated using iterative KBP modelling can achieve clinically acceptable target coverage and OAR sparing without unwanted increase in low‐dose wash associated with increased second malignancy risk.
Application of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Subpleural Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Shen MengJun , Bi Ke , Cong Yang , Chen HongWei , Zhang Yi , Zhu HuiMing , Wang Yin 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant subpleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs).MethodsAmong 959 patients with SPLs who were scheduled to undergo ultrasound‐guided puncture in our department between January 2019 and June 2019, 506 patients were included and their B‐mode ultrasound and CEUS features, including the lesion's location, size, margin, echo, perfusion pattern of ultrasound contrast agent, degree of enhancement, homogeneity, vascular signs, and necrosis, were retrospectively investigated. All malignant cases were diagnosed by pathology, while benign cases were diagnosed by two respiratory physicians after comprehensive analysis of pathology, etiology, imaging, and clinical symptoms. Statistical differences in these features between the benign and malignant groups were then analyzed.ResultsThere were 506 cases in this study, including 219 benign cases and 287 malignant cases. Among them, 351 were males and 155 were females, with an average age of 59 ± 16 years. There were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant groups in the perfusion pattern, the degree of enhancement, and vascular signs. The features of the malignant group included local‐to‐whole perfusion pattern, hypo‐enhancement, and curly hair sign, while those of the benign group included a centrifugal perfusion pattern, iso‐enhancement and hyper‐enhancement, and dendritic sign. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in homogeneity and necrosis.ConclusionsCEUS enhancement mode is different between benign and malignant SPLs, which can provide supplementary information for the differential diagnosis of SPLs in the existing imaging diagnosis.
Biochemical constituents indicate carbon mineralization under a long‐term integrated nutrient‐supplied Typic Kandiustalf
Authors: Prashanth Dornal Vijaya Kumar , Krishnamurthy Rangaiah , Kumar Chitranjan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigate the long‐term impact of integrated nutrient management to study the influence of fertilizer and manure on different biochemical constituents and carbon mineralization of roots and stubble of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) at the Experimental Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. The farm continuously received uniform treatments for 40‐years during 1978–2018 under a groundnut + finger millet cropping system. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and ash contents for roots and stubble were recorded higher with the treatment T5 [farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 t ha−1 + 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)] while the control treatment showed their lowest values. The treatment T5 caused a higher cumulative rate of CO2 evolution from roots (49.68 mg CO2 g‐1 C) and stubble (58.48 mg CO2 g‐1 C) at the 98th day of incubation following a sigmoid curve pattern for the carbon mineralization. The correlation was highly significant between the rate of decomposition and cellulose content for roots (r = 0.892**) and stubble (r = 0.947**). Unlikely, the correlation was negatively significant between the decomposition rate and the lignin content in roots (r = −0.745*) and stubble (r = −0.720*). We conclude that the combined application of FYM at 10 t ha−1 and 100% RDF is the most efficient treatment to increase saccharification, reduce lignification, and sequester a higher rate of carbon mineralization capable of preserving the soil organic carbon (SOC) and facilitating alluviation of more resistant carbon in a Typic Kandiustalf soil.
Accelerated sediment phosphorus release in Lake Erie's central basin during seasonal anoxia
Authors: Anderson Hanna S. , Johengen Thomas H. , Miller Russ , Godwin Casey M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEutrophication remains a serious threat to Lake Erie and has accelerated over past decades due to human activity in the watershed. Internal phosphorus (P) loading from lake sediment contributes to eutrophication, but our understanding of this process in Lake Erie is more uncertain than for its riverine P inputs. Past study has focused on incubating sediment cores in oxic or anoxic conditions, meaning we know little about sediment flux during state transitions. We used 56 controlled sediment core incubation experiments to quantify rates and onset of P release in Lake Erie's central basin as a function of depositional environment, season (spring, summer, and fall), temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. P flux under oxic or hypoxic (> 0 to ≤ 2 mg L−1 DO) conditions was slow (0.31–0.50 mg m−2 d−1) compared to anoxic P flux (5.19–30.7 mg m−2 d−1). The transition between slow and fast flux occurred within 24 h of anoxia (0 mg L−1 DO). Oxic or anoxic P flux was generally similar across seasons and incubation temperatures (8°C and 14°C). In 14°C incubated cores anoxic P flux onset was earliest in fall, when sediments had already been exposed to anoxic conditions in the lake. Re‐oxygenation of experimental cores that temporarily developed anoxia reversed the direction of P flux, but P release resumed at similar rates once the water returned to anoxia. Understanding the effects of hypolimnion oxygen conditions on internal P loading allows us to better constrain nutrients sources and implications for P budget management.
Evaluation of the moderate DI13C isotope enrichment method for measuring photochemical mineralization of marine dissolved organic carbon
Authors: Lu Xi , Beaupré Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe moderate DI13C isotope enrichment (MoDIE) method by Powers et al. (2017) is a promising method to precisely measure the photochemical mineralization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in water samples without dramatically altering a sample's pH or organic carbon pool. Here, we evaluated the analytical uncertainties of the MoDIE method and used Monte Carlo simulations to optimize the experimental design for the most precise measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that is produced photochemically (DIChν). Analytically, we recommend calculating yields of DIChv with an exact expression of conservation of mass that intrinsically reduces error and uncertainty. Methodologically, the overall uncertainty and detection limit of the MoDIE method can be significantly reduced by partially stripping away the original DIC pool, enriching the residual DIC with more DI13C, and increasing the yields of DIChv via longer irradiation. Instrumentally, more precise measurements of enriched δ13C values before and after irradiation are needed to further improve the precision of DIChν concentration determinations. Higher precision DIChv measurements via the optimized MoDIE method can improve our understanding of the photochemical mineralization of DOC and thus the budget of marine DOC. The optimizations and detection limits reported here will become more refined as measurements and associated uncertainties from future MoDIE experiments become available.
Regorafenib Efficacy After Sorafenib in Patients With Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Iavarone Massimo , Invernizzi Federica , Ivanics Tommy , Mazza Stefano , Zavaglia Claudio , Sanduzzi‐Zamparelli Marco , Fraile‐López Miguel , Czauderna Carolin , Di Costanzo Giovanni , Bhoori Sherrie , Pinter Matthias , Manini Matteo Angelo , Amaddeo Giuliana , Yunquera Ainhoa Fernandez , Piñero Federico , Blanco Rodríguez Maria Jose , Anders Margarita , Aballay Soteras Gabriel , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Yoon Peter Daechul , Cesarini Lucia , Díaz‐González Álvaro , González‐Diéguez Maria Luisa , Tortora Raffaella , Weinmann Arndt , Mazzaferro Vincenzo , Romero Cristóbal Mario , Crespo Gonzalo , Regnault Helene , De Giorgio Massimo , Varela Maria , Prince Rebecca , Scudeller Luigia , Donato Maria Francesca , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander , Bruix Jordi , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Lampertico Pietro , Reig Maria 
Published: August 2021

Safety of regorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) has been recently demonstrated. We aimed to assess the survival benefit of regorafenib compared with best supportive care (BSC) in LT patients after sorafenib discontinuation. This observational multicenter retrospective study included LT patients with HCC recurrence who discontinued first‐line sorafenib. Group 1 comprised regorafenib‐treated patients, whereas the control group was selected among patients treated with BSC due to unavailability of second‐line options at the time of sorafenib discontinuation and who were sorafenib‐tolerant progressors (group 2). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) of group 1 compared with group 2. Secondary endpoints were safety and OS of sequential treatment with sorafenib + regorafenib/BSC. Among 132 LT patients who discontinued sorafenib included in the study, 81 were sorafenib tolerant: 36 received regorafenib (group 1) and 45 (group 2) received BSC. Overall, 24 (67%) patients died in group 1 and 40 (89%) in group 2: the median OS was significantly longer in group 1 than in group 2 (13.1 versus 5.5 months; P < 0.01). Regorafenib treatment was an independent predictor of reduced mortality (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16‐0.89; P = 0.02). Median treatment duration with regorafenib was 7.0 (95% CI, 5.5‐8.5) months; regorafenib dose was reduced in 22 (61%) patients for adverse events and discontinued for tumor progression in 93% (n = 28). The median OS calculated from sorafenib start was 28.8 months (95% CI, 17.6‐40.1) in group 1 versus 15.3 months (95% CI, 8.8‐21.7) in group 2 (P < 0.01). Regorafenib is an effective second‐line treatment after sorafenib in patients with HCC recurrence after LT.
Delayed Senescence of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Molecular Mobility of Supramolecular Biointerfaces
Authors: Arisaka Yoshinori , Masuda Hiroki , Yoda Tetsuya , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractYes‐associated protein (YAP), a transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo signaling pathway, has been widely implicated in vascular aging and diseases. For preventing vascular endothelial cell senescence, the design and development of biomaterials to regulate YAP activity are required. This study prepares polyrotaxane‐coated surfaces with molecular mobility and clarifies the role of the mobility on vascular endothelial cell senescence through Hippo‐YAP signaling. The polyrotaxane surface with high mobility induces cytoplasmic YAP localization in endothelial cells, whereas the surface with low mobility induces nuclear YAP localization. After serial cultivation of endothelial cells using polyrotaxane surfaces with different mobilities for 35 d, the endothelial cells aged on the polyrotaxane surface with high mobility exhibit higher proliferative potential, smaller spreading size, and lower activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase than those aged on the surface with low mobility. These findings suggest that cellular senescence can be delayed by modulating the molecular mobility on polyrotaxane surfaces.
Assessment of Mechanical and Electrical Performances of Polylactic Acid/Liquid Natural Rubber/Graphene Platelets Nanocomposites in the Light of Different Graphene Platelets Functionalization Routes
Authors: Mohd Amran Nurul Aishah , Ahmad Sahrim , Chen Ruey Shan , Shahdan Dalila , Flaifel Moayad Husien , Omar Afiqah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe essence core of this study is to investigate the effect of functionalization of graphene platelets (GNPs) and its low loadings of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 wt% on the chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of polylactic acid/liquid natural rubber (PLA/LNR) blend prepared by melt blending method. GNPs are treated with amino dodecanoic acid via covalent interaction and Triton X‐100 (TX100) via non‐covalent interaction to produce ADA‐functionalized GNPs (GNP‐A) and TX100‐functionalized GNPs (GNP‐T), respectively. At 0.75 wt% GNPs, the PLA/LNR nanocomposites exhibit the highest tensile strength of 24.38, 35.70, 45.47 MPa for untreated GNPs (GNP‐u), GNP‐T, and GNP‐A, respectively. Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy proves better interaction of treated‐GNPs with the matrix, while transmission electron microscopy micrographs have shown that PLA/LNR/GNP‐A has the best filler dispersion with minimal stacking and agglomeration found. A remarkable improvement of electrical properties is observed for treated‐GNPs nanocomposite with lower percolation threshold value of 0.3 wt% as compared to that of GNP‐u nanocomposite (0.4 wt%).
Mechano‐Optical Response of Novel Polymer Composites Based on Elastic Polyurethane Matrix Filled with Low‐Molar‐Mass Cholesteric Droplets
Authors: Balenko Nikolai V. , Shibaev Valery P. , Bobrovsky Alexey Yu. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong the various types of liquid crystalline (LC) structures, the cholesteric mesophase attracts special attention in view of helical supramolecular structure determining their specific optical properties. The helix pitch of cholesteric liquid crystals is very sensitive to mechanical stress, resulting in change of their optical properties and position of selective light reflection peak. Here, films of polymer‐dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals based on polyurethane elastomer are prepared and studied. Liquid crystal mixtures based on chiral cholesterol derivatives are uniformly dispersed in the form of micrometer‐sized droplets in an elastomeric matrix. A significant mechano‐optical response of the composites under the action of deformation is demonstrated, and the change in the position of the selective light reflection band during mechanical stress is studied in detail. A shift in the selective light reflection peak by 100 nm or more is found. This process is accompanied by color transformations of brightly colored films. Such materials can be promising for creating stress and deformation sensors, ripple and bending sensors, and other technical devices.
A High Strength Hydrogel with a Core–Shell Structure Simultaneously Serving as Strain Sensor and Solar Water Evaporator
Authors: Peng Yinjie , Tang Shiqing , Wang Xiaoyu , Ran Rong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA super‐strong poly (acrylic acid)‐ poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PAA‐PEDOT) hydrogel with a unique core‐shell structure is successfully constructed and studied. The shell composed of the conductive polymer PEDOT makes the composite hydrogel possess mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and photothermal conversion properties, while the PAA hydrogel core ensures the flexibility, recovery, and water absorption of the composite hydrogel. The prepared PAA‐PEDOT hydrogel displays outstanding tensile strength (up to 780 KPa) and satisfactory conductivity (6.6 S m−1). Notably, the flexible strain sensor made of PAA‐PEDOT composite hydrogel presents both high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 8.87) and short response time (<200 ms), demonstrating that the composite hydrogel can accurately and timely detect the movement of human joints. In addition, PAA‐PEDOT composite hydrogel also has excellent photothermal conversion properties and can be used as a highly efficient solar water evaporator, which has a water evaporation efficiency of up to 3.05 kg m−2 h and an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 95% under 1‐sun irradiation (1kW m−2). These features make the composite hydrogel has great potential in many fields such as motion sensing, seawater desalination, and wastewater treatment.
Spray Coating of 2‐ and 3‐D Solid Substrates Using a Sulfated Polysaccharide for Marine Antifouling Applications
Authors: Jeong Yeonwoo , Cho Woo Kyung , Kang Sung Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMarine antifouling coating using functional polymers has emerged as an important tool to combat marine fouling. Owing to their natural abundance, polysaccharides represent a more sustainable option than synthetic polymers and carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide, is identified as a promising candidate for further research based on its excellent marine antifouling properties. However, existing research has only explored the application of carrageenan‐based coatings for 2D objects, using techniques such as spin‐coating. Here, a spray‐coating method is proposed to apply carrageenan‐based coatings to the surfaces of 2‐ and 3‐D objects. The coated surfaces exhibit high stability under various chemical/physical stresses and high resistance to protein adsorption and marine diatom adhesion.
Abdominal perforator exchange flap (APEX): A classification of pedicle rearrangements
Authors: Zoccali Giovanni , Farhadi Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionAbdominal‐based reconstruction is the most commonly performed method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy using the patient's own tissues. DIEP flap has allowed to reduce the donor site morbidity but the incidence of bulging or hernia remains still high, especially when flap is based on multiple perforators. Abdominal Perforator Exchange flap (APEX) represents a further step forward in preserving the abdominal wall structures by disassembling the pedicle components and their reconstitution at the end of the dissection. In this study, we explore the possible anatomical configurations of perforators exchange for APEX, providing a simple classification of perforators reconstitution patterns and the possible clinical implications.Materials and methodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients who received APEX flap for abdominal based breast reconstruction. Preoperative CT scans and procedure descriptions were analyzed to identify the vascular patterns during flap harvesting and the pedicle reconstitution sites. The onset of abdominal wall and flap related complications were investigated.ResultsAPEX flap was performed on 51 women and four vascular patterns were identified. We identified the Type A pattern in 36 cases (70.6%), the Type B pattern in 8 (15.7%), and the Type C pattern in 5 (9.8%). We performed an extra‐anatomical reanastomosis (Type D) in only two case (3.9%) (p = .09). We recorded anastomotic problems in five pedicles' reconstitution and the odds ratio showed a possible correlation between the localization of pedicle division and the anastomosis problems (p > .05). No total or partial flap loss was recorded during this study. Marginal fat necrosis was clinically observed in three cases, which had very large flaps. No bulging or hernia was recorded.ConclusionOur perforators exchange classification for abdominal‐based flap helps clinician in planning the surgery and also in describing the procedure easily allowing a more efficient communication. This classification could be used to approach perforator flaps with multiple vessels at other anatomical locations as well.
Deep learning‐based reconstruction of interventional tools and devices from four X‐ray projections for tomographic interventional guidance
Authors: Eulig Elias , Maier Joscha , Knaup Michael , Bennett N. Robert , Hörndler Klaus , Wang Adam S. , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeImage guidance for minimally invasive interventions is usually performed by acquiring fluoroscopic images using a monoplanar or a biplanar C‐arm system. However, the projective data provide only limited information about the spatial structure and position of interventional tools and devices such as stents, guide wires, or coils. In this work, we propose a deep learning‐based pipeline for real‐time tomographic (four‐dimensional [4D]) interventional guidance at conventional dose levels.MethodsOur pipeline is comprised of two steps. In the first one, interventional tools are extracted from four cone‐beam CT projections using a deep convolutional neural network. These projections are then Feldkamp reconstructed and fed into a second network, which is trained to segment the interventional tools and devices in this highly undersampled reconstruction. Both networks are trained using simulated CT data and evaluated on both simulated data and C‐arm cone‐beam CT measurements of stents, coils, and guide wires.ResultsThe pipeline is capable of reconstructing interventional tools from only four X‐ray projections without the need for a patient prior. At an isotropic voxel size of 100 , our methods achieve a precision/recall within a 100 environment of the ground truth of 93%/98%, 90%/71%, and 93%/76% for guide wires, stents, and coils, respectively.ConclusionsA deep learning‐based approach for 4D interventional guidance is able to overcome the drawbacks of today's interventional guidance by providing full spatiotemporal (4D) information about the interventional tools at dose levels comparable to conventional fluoroscopy.