bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of esophagogastric varices associated with oxaliplatin administration
Authors: Satta Yosuke , Shigefuku Ryuta , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Mizukami Takuro , Tsuda Takashi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Ehira Takuya , Hattori Nobuhiro , Kiyokawa Hirofumi , Nakahara Kazunari , Ikeda Hiroki , Matsunaga Kotaro , Takahashi Hideaki , Matsumoto Nobuyuki , Okuse Chiaki , Suzuki Michihiro , Sunakawa Yu , Yasuda Hiroshi , Itoh Fumio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundOxaliplatin is a key drug for the chemotherapy of colorectal cancer; however, it is also known to cause non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension. We aimed to identify the characteristics of patients who developed esophagogastric varices (EGVs) after treatment with oxaliplatin.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed patients with colorectal cancer who were treated with chemotherapy including oxaliplatin between 2010 and 2016. All patients were evaluated by contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) every 3 months both during and after treatment; and endoscopy was performed when appearance of portal hypertension was suspected.ResultsA total of 106 patients were divided into two groups: EGV formation (n = 6) and EGV non‐formation (n = 100). In the EGV group, platelet counts decreased and the size of the spleen calculated by CT (CT spleen index; CT‐SI) increased markedly. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the change in platelet counts was 0.81 (80% sensitivity and 83% specificity) at 3 months post treatment, and the maximum AUC for CT‐SI was 0.89 (79% sensitivity and 83% specificity) at 6 months post treatment.ConclusionsEGV formation could be predicted by the assessment of platelet counts and spleen size. If progressive splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia are observed not only during but also after completion of the oxaliplatin‐containing chemotherapy, EGVs should be confirmed by endoscopy for avoiding subsequent rupture.
Planar hypohamiltonian oriented graphs
Authors: Burger Alewyn P. , de Wet Johan P. , Frick Marietjie , Van Cleemput Nico , Zamfirescu Carol T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn 1978 Thomassen asked whether planar hypohamiltonian oriented graphs exist. Infinite families of such graphs have since been described but for infinitely many it remained an open question whether planar hypohamiltonian oriented graphs of order exist. In this paper we develop new methods for constructing hypohamiltonian digraphs, which, combined with efficient graph generation algorithms, enable us to fully characterise the orders for which planar hypohamiltonian oriented graphs exist. Our novel methods also led us to discover the planar hypohamiltonian oriented graph of smallest order and size, as well as infinitely many hypohamiltonian orientations of maximal planar graphs. Furthermore, we answer a question related to a problem of Schiermeyer on vertex degrees in hypohamiltonian oriented graphs, and characterise all the orders for which planar hypotraceable oriented graphs exist.
Identification of liver-specific CD24+ invariant NK T cells with low granzyme B production and high proliferative capacity
Authors: Li Xiang , Jin Chen , Chen Qi , Zheng Xihua , Xie Di , Wu Qielan , Wang Lu , Bai Shiyu , Zhang Huimin , Bai Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInvariant NK T (iNKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that can recognize the lipid Ag presented by MHC I like molecule CD1d. Distinct tissue distribution of iNKT cells subsets implies a contribution of these subsets to their related tissue regional immunity. iNKT cells are enriched in liver, an organ with unique immunological properties. Whether liver-specific iNKT cells exist and dedicate to the liver immunity remains elusive. Here, a liver-specific CD24+ iNKT subset is shown. Hepatic CD24+ iNKT cells show higher levels of proliferation, glucose metabolism, and mTOR activity comparing to CD24– iNKT cells. Although CD24+ iNKT cells and CD24– iNKT cells in the liver produce similar amounts of cytokines, the hepatic CD24+ iNKT cells exhibit lower granzyme B production. These liver-specific CD24+ iNKT cells are derived from thymus and differentiate into CD24+ iNKT in the liver microenvironment. Moreover, liver microenvironment induces the formation of CD24+ conventional T cells as well, and these cells exhibit higher proliferation ability but lower granzyme B production in comparison with CD24– T cells. The results propose that liver microenvironment might induce the generation of liver-specific iNKT subset that might play an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis.
Single-cell profiling of T lymphocytes in deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2
Authors: Wu Zhijie , Gao Shouguo , Watanabe Naoki , Batchu Sai , Kajigaya Sachiko , Diamond Carrie , Alemu Lemlem , Raffo Diego Quinones , Feng Xingmin , Hoffmann Patrycja , Stone Deborah , Ombrello Amanda , Young Neal S 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a monogenic vasculitis syndrome caused by autosomal-recessive loss-of-function mutations in the ADA2 gene (previously known as CECR1). Vasculitis, vasculopathy, and inflammation are dominant clinical features of this disease; the spectrum of manifestations includes immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation as well as hematologic manifestations. ADA2 is primarily secreted by stimulated monocytes and macrophages. Aberrant monocyte differentiation to macrophages and neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of DADA2, but little is known about T lymphocytes in this disease. We performed combined single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell TCR sequencing in order to profile T cell repertoires in 10 patients with DADA2. Although there were no significant alterations of T cell subsets, we observed activation of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. There was no clonal expansion of T cells: most TCRs were expressed at basal levels in patients and healthy donors. TCR usage was private to individual patients and not disease specific, indicating as unlikely a common pathogenic background or predisposition to a common pathogen. We recognized activation of IFN pathways as a signature of T cells and STAT1 as a hub gene in the gene network of T cell activation and cytotoxicity. Overall, T cells in DADA2 patients showed distinct cell–cell interactions with monocytes, as compared with healthy donors, and many of these ligand–receptor interactions likely drove up-regulation of STAT1 in both T cells and other immune cells in patients. Our analysis reveals previously undercharacterized cell characteristics in DADA2.
T follicular helper cells in the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Koutsakos Marios , Lee Wen Shi , Wheatley Adam K , Kent Stephen J , Juno Jennifer A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVaccination remains the most effective mechanism to reduce the impact of COVID-19. Induction of neutralizing antibodies is a strong correlate of protection from infection and severe disease. An understanding of the cellular events that underpin the generation of effective neutralizing antibodies is therefore key to the development of efficacious vaccines that target emerging variants of concern. Analysis of the immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination has identified circulating T follicular helper cells (cTFH) as a robust correlate of the neutralizing antibody response. Here, we discuss the analysis of cTFH cells and their lymphoid counterparts in human humoral immune responses during COVID-19, and in response to vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 spike. We discuss the phenotypic heterogeneity of cTFH cells and the utility of cTFH subsets as informative biomarkers for development of humoral immunity. We posit that the analysis of the most effective cTFH will be critical to inducing durable immunity to new variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Cytokine profile in serum and gingival crevicular fluid of children with inflammatory bowel disease: A case‐control study
Authors: Acar Buket , Gümüş Ersin , Özcan‐Bulut Selcen , Özşin‐Özler Cansu , Boyraz Meryem Seda , Tan Çağman , Yaz Ismail , Özbek Begüm , Cagdas Deniz , Saltık‐Temizel İnci Nur , Demir Hülya , Özen Hasan , Karabulut Erdem , Tezcan İlhan , Yüce Aysel , Berker Ezel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the cytokine profile in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and determine the cluster patterns of cytokines.MethodsFifty IBD patients and 21 systemically healthy children were enrolled in the study. The GCF samples were collected from the participants during periodontal examination and periodontal indices were recorded. Based on activity indexes and response to conventional treatment, patients with IBD were further categorized into subgroups as: remission, active disease, and treatment‐resistant. Serum samples were obtained from IBD patients to determine serum levels of cytokines. The levels of pro‐ (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐12, IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐23, IL‐17A, IL‐17F) and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐4, IL‐10) cytokines in serum and GCF were measured using Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits.ResultsAmong 50 IBD patients, 58% were in remission, 20% had active disease, and 22% were defined as treatment‐resistant. The severity of gingival inflammation measured by the criteria of Löe had increasing trends in IBD patients with active disease and treatment resistance. GCF IL‐1β level was lower and GCF IL‐4 and GCF IL‐23 levels were higher in IBD patients compared to healthy controls. In the active disease group, more cytokine clusters occurred compared to the control group and other IBD subgroups, as explained by increased cytokine‐cytokine interactions.ConclusionsConsidering the increased complexity of cytokine interactions and the increased severity of gingival inflammation in patients with active disease, it can be concluded that disease activity might have an impact on gingival inflammation in pediatric patients with IBD.
The application of Raman spectroscopy to the diagnosis of mitochondrial muscle disease: A preliminary comparison between fibre optic probe and microscope formats
Authors: Alix James J. P. , Plesia Maria , Lloyd Gavin R. , Dudgeon Alexander P. , Kendall Catherine A. , McDermott Christopher J. , Gorman Gráinne S. , Taylor Robert W. , Shaw Pamela J. , Day John C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMuscle biopsy remains an important component of the diagnostic repertoire for patients with suspected mitochondrial disease, underpinning specialist histopathological and biochemical analyses. Raman spectroscopy has not yet been applied to mitochondrial disease, and new fibre optic systems, with advantages in terms of cost and portability, could provide a rapid means to identify muscle pathology. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of two different formats of Raman spectroscopy to identify mitochondrial disease: a miniaturised fibre optic Raman system and a standard commercial Raman microscope. Raman spectra were recorded from muscle samples from healthy volunteers (n = 10) and patients with genetically confirmed mitochondrial disease (n = 15). Multivariate classification algorithms demonstrated a high level of disease classification performance with both the fibre optic probe system and microscope (area under receiver operating characteristic curves 0.80–0.82). Key spectral changes associated with mitochondrial disease concerned the α‐helical configuration of proteins. The results suggest that Raman spectroscopy of muscle is worthy of further investigation as a technique for the rapid identification of mitochondrial disease.
Investigating interactions between chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and their single enantiomers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 by a cell membrane chromatography method
Authors: Jia Qianqian , Fu Jia , Liang Peida , Wang Saisai , Wang Yamin , Zhang Xin , Zhou Huaxin , Zhang Liyang , Lv Yanni , Han Shengli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been studied since the early clinical treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. Considering these two chiral drugs are currently in use as the racemate, high‐expression angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 cell membrane chromatography was established for investigating the differences of two paired enantiomers binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor. Molecular docking assay and detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike pseudotyped virus entry into angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐HEK293T cells were also conducted for further investigation. Results showed that each single enantiomer could bind well to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, but there were differences between the paired enantiomers and corresponding racemate in frontal analysis. R‐Chloroquine showed better angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor binding ability compared to S‐chloroquine/chloroquine (racemate). S‐Hydroxychloroquine showed better angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor binding ability than R‐hydroxychloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Moreover, each single enantiomer was proved effective compared with the control group; compared with S‐chloroquine or the racemate, R‐chloroquine showed better inhibitory effects at the same concentration. As for hydroxychloroquine, R‐hydroxychloroquine showed better inhibitory effects than S‐hydroxychloroquine, but it slightly worse than the racemate. In conclusion, R‐chloroquine showed better angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor binding ability and inhibitory effects compared to S‐chloroquine/chloroquine (racemate). S‐Hydroxychloroquine showed better angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor binding ability than R‐hydroxychloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (racemate), while the effect of preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus from entering cells was weaker than R‐hydroxychloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (racemate).
Corrosion inhibiting performance of novel imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as an efficient and green corrosion constraint for carbon steel in neutral chloride solution
Authors: Shoja Seyed Mohammad Reza , Abdouss Majid , Miran Beigi Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConsidering the ionic liquids (ILs) were classified as green inhibitors herein three ecofriendly imidazolium‐based ILs were employed in corrosion inhibition, where weight loss evaluations along with electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurements were exploited to elucidate corrosion prevention performance of the considered agents. The results derived from the polarization studies attested to the fact that these ILs could effectively act as mixed‐type corrosion inhibitors. Moreover, the progress of surface reactions due to the corrosion process was studied through field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Also, UV/Vis spectroscopy corroborated chemical interaction among metal surfaces and ILs. Findings clarified that the chemisorption of the ILs onto carbon steel surface conforms to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Finally, it was found that all proposed ILs could play an effective role in corrosion preventing, for which, the efficiencies in the range of 82%–92% were achieved by electrochemical impedance analyses for investigated ILs at 75 ppm.
Improving hyperpolarized 129Xe ADC mapping in pediatric and adult lungs with uncertainty propagation
Authors: Bdaiwi Abdullah S. , Niedbalski Peter J. , Hossain Md M. , Willmering Matthew M. , Walkup Laura L. , Wang Hui , Thomen Robert P. , Ruppert Kai , Woods Jason C. , Cleveland Zackary I. 
Published: November 2021

RationaleHyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe‐MRI provides non‐invasive methods to quantify lung function and structure, with the 129Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) being a well validated measure of alveolar airspace size. However, the experimental factors that impact the precision and accuracy of HP 129Xe ADC measurements have not been rigorously investigated. Here, we introduce an analytical model to predict the experimental uncertainty of 129Xe ADC estimates. Additionally, we report ADC dependence on age in healthy pediatric volunteers.MethodsAn analytical expression for ADC uncertainty was derived from the Stejskal‐Tanner equation and simplified Bloch equations appropriate for HP media. Parameters in the model were maximum b‐value (bmax), number of b‐values (Nb), number of phase encoding lines (Nph), flip angle and the ADC itself. This model was validated by simulations and phantom experiments, and five fitting methods for calculating ADC were investigated. To examine the lower range for 129Xe ADC, 32 healthy subjects (age 6‐40 years) underwent diffusion‐weighted 129Xe MRI.ResultsThe analytical model provides a lower bound on ADC uncertainty and predicts that decreased signal‐to‐noise ratio yields increases in relative uncertainty
. As such, experimental parameters that impact non‐equilibrium 129Xe magnetization necessarily impact the resulting
. The values of diffusion encoding parameters (Nb and bmax) that minimize
strongly depend on the underlying ADC value, resulting in a global minimum for
. Bayesian fitting outperformed other methods (error < 5%) for estimating ADC. The whole‐lung mean 129Xe ADC of healthy subjects increased with age at a rate of 1.75 × 10−4 cm2/s/yr (p = 0.001).ConclusionsHP 129Xe diffusion MRI can be improved by minimizing the uncertainty of ADC measurements via uncertainty propagation. Doing so will improve experimental accuracy when measuring lung microstructure in vivo and should allow improved monitoring of regional disease progression and assessment of therapy response in a range of lung diseases.
Nurses' perceptions of their supportive role for cancer patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Bafandeh Zendeh Mostafa , Hemmati Maslakpak Masumeh , Jasemi Madineh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimSupporting cancer patients is one of the integral, ethical and professional components and concepts of nursing care. Given the prominence of nurses' understanding of their supportive role in providing quality and humane nursing care for cancer patients, it is crucial for them to acquire sufficient knowledge to achieve a positive attitude towards patient support.DesignQualitative conventional content analysis approach was used.MethodsThis study was conducted with a qualitative approach and conventional content analysis in 2020. Participants consisted of 18 nurses of different oncology wards of teaching hospitals in Northwestern Iran recruited using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and analysed simultaneously with data collection (22 july ‐ 20 june 2020).FindingsThe analysis of interviews showed that the main theme of “a canopy as a supportive role for cancer patients” was formed. In this theme, related subcategories included patient's psychological support (compassionate care with emotional support, having an intimate/friendly relationship with the patient and communicative behaviour facing patient needs), patient training (need‐based training, having good theoretical knowledge about the patient and having a role model for playing a supportive role for the patient) and supporting the patient with clinical self‐efficacy (being responsible with clinical competency, understanding the patient's behaviour and attempt to provide extra‐duty care).
The relationship between paediatric nurses' quality of life and intent to leave: The moderating role of hospital type
Authors: Khatatbeh Haitham , Zrínyi Miklós , Oláh András , Pakai Annamária 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferent types of hospitals exist in Jordan, and each type has its own leadership style. This might affect the nursing workforce in terms of quality of life and intent to leave.AimThis study aimed at (1) assessing the relationship between paediatric nurses' quality of life and intent to leave, (2) examining the moderating effect of the hospital type on this relationship, (3) comparing the quality of life of paediatric nurses working at ministry of health and the University‐Affiliated hospitals and (4) exploring the determinants of nurses' intent to leave.DesignA cross‐sectional, comparative and correlational design was used in this study.MethodsA multi‐site sample was selected from two types of hospitals in Jordan; the ministry of health and the University‐Affiliated hospitals. A sample of 225 paediatric nurses responded to the brief quality of life questionnaire by the World Health Organization in addition to a group of sociodemographic and work‐related questions.Results and conclusionNurses' quality of life and intent to leave were negatively correlated. This correlation was moderated by the type of hospital. Nurses' quality of life was significantly different in the two types of hospitals. Both salary and nursing care model predicted paediatric nurses' intent to leave. The managerial style and work environment of the ministry of health hospitals should be benchmarked against the University‐Affiliated hospitals.
The influence of hybrid flame retardant and impact modifier on recycled blends formulated from keyboard waste plastics: A study on its flame retardant, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties
Authors: K. Jaidev , Biswal Manoranjan , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecycled polymeric materials recovered from E‐waste, have gained importance in the recent years, due to the value addition of properties in the recycled materials. In the current work, a polymeric blends formulated from keyboard waste plastics was value added using a flame retardant (FR), and these plastics are not incorporated with FR during its processing. This work was carried out to enhance the FR property of polymers recovered from keyboard waste, and to study the effects of these additives on the mechanical properties of the polymeric blends. The FR tri phenyl phosphate (TPP), and a hybrid FR combining TPP with sepiolite, was added in different proportions to the blend. The FR blends were analyzed with UL‐94 and LOI and it was observed that the blends with hybrid FR showed higher FR properties, as the results of UL‐94 and LOI showed V‐1 and 29%, respectively. The cone calorimetry results showed that the peak heat release rate of the blends was improved from 704 to 533 KJ/m2. The gas and condensed phase reaction has been explained with an illustration. FTIR and TGA with and without the FR were performed. The mechanical properties of the blends drastically reduced after the addition of FRs, hence an impact modifier was added in order to regain the lost mechanical properties, and a morphological analysis was carried out to compare the influence of impact modifier in the polymeric blend.
A Comparative study of alkali treated date palm fiber based brake friction composites and standard Kevlar‐based brake friction composites
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Grewal J. S. , Singh Avtar , Mehta Vikas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecently many research studies have revealed the increasing importance of natural fiber in modern applications. Natural fibers are used these days in many important sectors like medical, aerospace, agriculture, and so forth. The cause of increasing the application of natural fiber in different fields is its eco‐friendly behavior and excellent mechanical properties. In the research work, date palm, a natural fiber, is used to replace asbestos and Kevlar, which are very harmful to the human body. There are very few papers on comparative study of natural fiber‐based composites to actual brake friction material. In this study, new brake pad composites of date palm fiber are developed and compared with Kevlar‐based brake pad composites. The different percentages (5%–20%) of date palm fiber and Kevlar (5–10) were used to compare the study. The date palm fiber composites have given maximum better results on 5% composition for the mechanical, tribological, physical, and chemical proprieties.