bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and synchronization of the complex simplified Lorenz system
Authors: Jin Mengxin , Sun Kehui , Wang Huihai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the complex simplified Lorenz system is proposed. It is the complex extension of the simplified Lorenz system. Dynamics of the proposed system are investigated by theoretical analysis as well as numerical simulation, including bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, phase portraits, Poincaré section, and basins of attraction. The results show that the complex simplified Lorenz system has non-trivial circular equilibria and displays abundant and complicated dynamical behaviors. Particularly, the coexistence of infinitely many attractors, i.e., extreme multistability, is discovered in the proposed system. Furthermore, the adaptive complex generalized function projective synchronization between two complex simplified Lorenz systems with unknown parameter is achieved. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the corresponding adaptive controllers and parameter update law are designed. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed synchronization scheme. It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the applications of the complex simplified Lorenz system.
Polyploidization Increases the Lipid Content and Improves the Nutritional Quality of Rice
Authors: Zhang Xianhua , Wang Wei , Tu Qiang , Chen Rongrong , Lv Pincang , Xu Yanqing , Xie Qian , Song Zhaojian , He Yuchi , Li Li , Cai Detian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Plant polyploidization is frequently associated with changes in nutrient contents. However, the possible contribution of metabolites to this change has not been investigated by characterizing the metabolite contents of diploid and tetraploid forms of rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Results: We compared the metabolites of a group of diploid–tetraploid japonica brown rice and a group of diploid–tetraploid indica brown rice based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 401 differential expression metabolites were identified between diploids and tetraploids; of these, between the japonica and indica groups, 180 showed opposite expression trends but 221 showed the same trends (141 up-regulated vs 69 down-regulated). Hierarchical cluster analysis of differential metabolites between diploid and tetraploid species showed a clear grouping pattern, in which the relative contents of lipids, amino acids and derivatives, and phenolic acids increased in tetraploids. Further analysis revealed that the lipids in tetraploid rice increased significantly, especially unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids. Conclusions: This study provides more basis for the changes in rice nutritional quality following polyploidization, and may serve as a new theoretical reference for breeding eutrophic or functional rice varieties via polyploidization.
Effects of Perturbations on the Stability of Equilibrium Points in the CR3BP with Luminous and Heterogeneous Spheroid Primaries
Authors: Singh Jagadish , Ahmad Shitu Muktar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the position and stability of equilibrium points in the circular restricted three-body problem (CR3BP) under the influence of small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces when the primaries are radiating and heterogeneous oblate spheroids. It is seen that there exist five libration points as in the classical restricted three-body problem, three collinear Li(i=1,2,3) and two triangular Li(i= 4,5). It is also seen that the triangular points are no longer to form equilateral triangles with the primaries rather they form simple triangles with line joining the primaries. It is further observed that despite all perturbations the collinear points remain unstable while the triangular points are stable for 0 < µ < µc and unstable for µc ≤ µ ≤ ½, where µc is the critical mass ratio depending upon aforementioned parameters. It is marked that small perturbation in the Coriolis force, radiation and heterogeneous oblateness of the both primaries have destabilizing tendencies. Their numerical examination is also performed.
Effects of Exogenous Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Maize Plants Under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Šípošová Kristína , Labancová Eva , Kučerová Danica , Kollárová Karin , Vivodová Zuzana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Exogenously-applied auxins can alleviate the toxicity of various metals and improve a plant’s tolerance to stress. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that has a wide range of negative effects on plants. The mechanisms that result in the positive effects of auxins on stressed plants are still not fully understood. In the present study, we found that the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in concentration 10− 9 M had positive effect on the plants cultivated in the presence of Cd. IBA caused changes in the growth and morphology of the maize also under non-stress conditions; hence, we were able to select three concentrations of IBA (10− 7 M as inhibitory, 10− 8 M as non-effective, and 10− 11 M as stimulatory). Cadmium treatment increased the concentration of H2O2 and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT), while IBA (10− 9 M) ameliorated its negative effects. IBA affected the content of macronutrients and micronutrients in roots in relation to the concentration of applied IBA and the presence of Cd in the solution. The heatmap visualises the differences between the Cd and Cd + IBA effects on all parameters studied, and indicates the positive effects of IBA (10− 9 M) during Cd stress.
Epidemiology and therapeutic management of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis adults in the French national health insurance database
Authors: Kwiatkowski Arnaud , Payet Marianne , Préaud Emmanuelle , Lamarsalle Ludovic , Raguideau Fanny , Chevreuil Olivier , Hille Benoit van , Vandhuick Olivier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: In France, no specific information on the Highly Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (HA-RRMS) population is available.Objective: To describe the epidemiology and therapeutic management of HA-RRMS patients in France.Methods: In this cohort study, HA-RRMS patients were identified in the health data system with a new algorithm using outpatient healthcare consumption and hospital discharge data. Results: Over 2010–2015, 9,596 incident HA-RRMS patients were identified (sex ratio: 2.8; mean age 39.9 years old) and followed-up for 4.0 years, on average. In 2015, the incidence and mortality rates in patients aged 20 and above were 3.6 and 389 per 100,000, respectively (lower mortality than in the MS population but twice as high as in the French population). During the study, 39.7% of patients took a disease-modifying drug (DMD) and 83.5% a high efficacy DMD (HE-DMD, fingolimod or natalizumab, with a mean treatment duration of 3.5 years). When patients treated by an HE-DMD required to switch to another treatment, it was more often to the other HE-DMD (more often from natalizumab to fingolimod) than to a DMD. Conclusions: According to this first real-world study, HA-RRMS patients could represent 8% of MS patients. The results validated the algorithm to identify HA-RRMS patients.
Bioaccumulation of Metals in Eels Taken From Lakes Köyceğiz (Turkey) and Võrtsjärv (Estonia) and Health Risk Assessments
Authors: Demirak Ahmet , Keskin Feyyaz , Silm Maidu , Özdemir Nedim , Yıldız Dilek , Bernotas Priit , Öğlü Burak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Monitoring heavy metal contaminants in fish is important for the assessment of environmental quality as well as food safety. In this study, European eel samples were collected from Lake Köyceğiz and Lake Võrtsjärv in 2017 and 2018. The concentrations of Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu metals were measured by using GF-AAS in four selected tissues of eel, including liver, gill, skin, and muscle in both lakes. The pollution indexes (Pi, MPI) values were calculated for both lakes and the health risk for consumers was assessed for both adults and children in Turkey and Estonia. The estimated weekly intake (EWI), hazard index (HI), and lifetime cancer risk values ​​(CRs) for the metals were calculated for both lakes. According to the results of this study, a significant difference was determined the between the metal concentrations (especially Cu, Cd and Pb) in the tissues of the eel samples taken from the two lakes. These results show that besides the pollution levels in the aquatic environment, physiological needs, and metabolic activities in different habitats have a significant effect on metal accumulation in eels. In addition, HI was found to be < 1 for both adult and child consumers in both lakes, which indicates that consumers would not experience non-carcinogenic health effects. However, the values of CR for Pb and Cd were found negligible in Lake Köyceğiz, while the CR value for Pb was found to be very close to the danger limits in Lake Võrtsjärv.
Understanding Patient Perspectives Regarding Long Acting Reversible Contraception: A Qualitative Study to Inform A Key Domain of Implementation Science
Authors: Livingood William C , Bull Katryne Lukens , Biegner Staci , Kaunitz Andrew M , Howard LaRonda , Jefferson Vanessa , Geisselmaier Pia Julia , Michel Isabelle , Bilello Lori 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence has continued to emerge that Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is highly effective in preventing unintended pregnancies and induced abortions, but utilization of LARC remains low among US women, particularly among minority and low income women. Aims: We designed this study to develop insights into factors that can better inform urban, predominantly African American women’s decisions to use LARC.Methods: We conducted focus group interviews with women, in conjunction with a community-based organization providing programs for underserved women, in an urban southeastern U.S city with sites in predominantly African American neighborhoods. Results: Key insights from the focus group results for healthcare providers include: the importance of framing discussions with patients within the context of the patients’ goals; the need to acknowledge and respect the support systems that women rely on for child birthing and childcare; recognition of the clinician’s role as a trusted and respected source of information; and the need to understand and be prepared to address much of the inaccurate and misleading information that can interfere with the patients’ optimal choices for contraception. Discussion: A critical component for applying Implementation Science theory to increase utilization of evidence based practices such as LARC requires understanding women’s perspectives of the factors influencing their decisions to use LARC. Conclusion: This study provides important insights into: 1) the potential barriers inherent in minority women’s concerns about LARC, and 2) how these insights can inform implementation strategies such as patient centered counseling and education to overcome those barriers.
The Role of Good Governance in the Race for Global Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tatar Moosa , Faraji Mohammad Reza , Shoorekchali Jalal Montazeri , Pagán Jose , Wilson Fernando 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Governments have developed and implemented various policies and interventions to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 vaccines are now being produced and distributed globally. This study investigates the role of good governance and government effectiveness indicators in the acquisition and administration of COVID-19 vaccines at the population level.Data on six World Bank good governance indicators for 172 countries for 2019 and machine-learning methods (K-Means Method and Principal Component Analysis) were used to cluster countries based on these indicators and COVID-19 vaccination rates. XGBoost was used to classify countries based on their vaccination status and identify the relative contribution of each governance indicator to the vaccination rollout in each country.Countries with the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates (e.g., Israel, United Arab Emirates, United States) also have higher effective governance indicators. Regulatory Quality is the most important indicator in predicting COVID-19 vaccination status in a country, followed by Voice and Accountability, and Government Effectiveness. Our findings suggest that coordinated global efforts led by the World Health Organization and wealthier nations may be necessary to assist in the supply and distribution of vaccines to those countries that have less effective governance.
Experimental Analysis of Microhardness Changes of Subsurface Areas Affected by WEDM
Authors: Mouralova Katerina , Michna Stefan , Zahradnicek Radim , Bednar Josef , Plichta Tomas , Fries Jiri 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The influence of the surface area by the impact of high temperatures after wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a known fact. However, the affected parameters also include a change in microhardness. In order to further investigate this statement, 5 different metallic and non-metallic materials were selected, from which three samples were always made with different settings of machine parameters (gap voltage, pulse on and off time, wire feed and discharge current). This examined not only the effect of the machining itself on the material but also whether the change in the microhardness of the material is affected by the setting of the machine parameters. In order to measure the microhardness of the subsurface layer, a metallographic preparation was made from each sample, which enabled accurate measurements always in the same area. Subsequent evaluation revealed that the microhardness may not be affected at all and everything depends only on the type of material being machined. The changes in microhardness affected by setting machine parameters are negligible.
A Molecule Based Nomogram Optimized the Prediction of Relapse in Stage I NSCLC
Authors: Bian Rongrong , Zhu Guorong , Zhao Feng , Chen Rui , Xia Wengji , wang lin , Chen Qiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background:
Early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is being diagnosed increasingly, and in 30% of diagnosed patients, recurrence will develop within 5 years. Thus, it is urgent to identify recurrence-related markers in order to optimize the management of patient-tailored therapeutics. The aim of the study was to develop a feasible tool to optimize the recurrence prediction of stage I NSCLC.
Methods:
The eligible datasets were downloaded from TCGA and GEO. In discovery phase, two algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination, were used to identify candidate genes. Recurrence associated signature was developed by penalized cox regression. The nomogram was constructed and further tested via two independent cohorts.
Results:
In this retrospective study, 14 eligible datasets and 7 published signatures were included. In discovery phase, 42 significant genes were highlighted as candidate predictors by two algorithms. A 13-gene based signature was generated by penalized cox regression categorized training cohort into high-risk and low-risk subgroups (HR = 8.873, 95% CI:4.228–18.480 P < 0.001). Furthermore, a nomogram integrating the recurrence related signature, age, and histology was developed to predict the recurrence-free survival in the training cohort, which performed well in the two external validation cohorts (concordance index: 0.737, 95%CI:0.732–0.742, P < 0.001; 0.666, 95%CI: 0.650–0.682, P < 0.001; 0.651, 95%CI:0.637–0.665, P < 0.001 respectively).
Conclusions:
The proposed nomogram is a promising tool for estimating recurrence free survival in stage I NSCLC, which might have tremendous value in guiding adjuvant therapy. Prospective studies are needed to test the clinical utility of the nomogram in individualized management of stage I NSCLC.
Remote Interviews for Medical Residency Selection During the Initial COVID-19 Crisis: a National Survey
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alkhattabi Fadiah , Alhasan Khalid , Alherbish Adi , Philby Mona , Alsohime Fahad , Alobaylan Mohamad , Alabdulkarim Hayfa , Almosned Badr , Gashgarey Deema , Felimban Ghadah , Alkathiri Ziyad , Almaghrabi Randa , Jamal Amr , Barry Mazin , Alsaywid Basim , Bashiri Fahad A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, structured medical training is challenging because the necessary travel for on-site interviews could increase the spread of the disease.Aim: This study was conducted to describe an urgently implemented, web-based interview process for selecting medical residents for the National Residency Matching in Saudi Arabia.Method: A cross-sectional, nationwide survey (appendix 1) was sent to 4,153 residency-nominated applicants in Saudi Arabia to the matching interview for 2020.Results: Among the 510 candidates who responded, 62.2% applied for medical specialties, 20.2% applied for surgical specialties, and 17.6% applied for critical care and emergency specialties. Most respondents (61.2%) never had video conferences. Besides, most respondents (80.2%) had used Zoom to conduct E-interviews, whereas only 15.9% used FaceTime. Among the respondents, 75.7% agreed that their questions regarding the residency programs were adequately answered during the virtual interviews. The top perceived factors that enhanced the experience were the free application, the clarification emails they received from the organizers, and the organizers’ effective communication. Conversely, what negatively impacted the interviews were the slow and interrupted Internet, the absence of clear instructions, and the lack of previous experience with teleconferencing.Conclusion: Videoconferencing was successfully implemented on an urgent basis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the medical residency application process in Saudi Arabia. The residency applicants preferred video interviews, along with the cost savings and easier logistics to conduct the interviews from various locations. Future studies to enhance this experience are warranted.
Relationship Between Amniotic Fluid Metabolic Profile With Fetal Gender, Maternal Age, and Gestational Age
Authors: Li Yahong , Sun Yun , Zhang Xiaojuan , Wang Xin , Yang Peiying , Guan Xianwei , Wang Yan , Zhou Xiaoyan , Hu Ping , Jiang Tao , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Amniotic fluid (AF) provides vital information on fetal development, which is also valuable in identifying fetal abnormalities during pregnancy. However, the relationship between the metabolic profile of AF in the second trimester of a normal pregnancy with several maternal-fetal parameters remains poorly understood, which therefore limits its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the metabolic profile of AF with fetal gender, maternal age, and gestational age using an untargeted metabolomics method.
Methods

A total of 114 AF samples of normal pregnancy were selected. Clinical data on fetal gender, maternal age, and gestational week of these samples were collected. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). Principal component analysis(PCA), orthogonal partial least square discrimination analysis༈OPLS-DA༉or partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) were conducted to compare metabolic profiles, and differential metabolites were obtained by univariate analysis.
Results

Both PCA and OPLS-DA demonstrated no significant separation trend between the metabolic profiles of male and female fetuses, and there were only 7 differential metabolites. When the association between the maternal age on AF metabolic profile was explored, both PCA and PLS-DA revealed that the maternal age in the range of 21 to 40 years had no significant effect on the metabolic profile of AF, and only four different metabolites were found. There was no significant difference in the metabolic profiles of AF from fetuses of 17–22 weeks, and 23 differential metabolites were found.
Conclusions

In the scope of our study, there was no significant correlation between the AF metabolic profile and the fetal gender, maternal age and gestational age of a small range. Nevertheless, few metabolites appeared differentially expressed.
A qualitative study on the implementation of a holistic care package for control and management of lymphoedema: Experience from a pilot intervention in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Ali Oumer , Kinfe Mersha , Semrau Maya , Tora Abebayehu , Tesfaye Abraham , Mengiste Asrat , Davey Gail , Fekadu Abebaw 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) such as podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy mainly affect communities in low resource settings. These diseases are associated with physical disability due to lymphoedema as well as poor mental health and psychosocial outcomes. Integration of care across these NTDs at primary health care level, which includes mental health and psychosocial care alongside physical health care, is increasingly recommended. Methods A holistic integrated care package was developed and piloted as part of the EnDPoINT project in Gusha district, Awi zone, Ethiopia. The intervention was conducted at the health care organization, health facility and community levels. To assess the impact of the care package in terms of acceptability, scalability, sustainability and barriers to implementation, a qualitative study was conducted in January 2020. This included four focus group discussions (29 participants) and ten key informant interviews with decision makers, health professionals, patients, and community representatives. Results The integrated lymphoedema care package was found to be efficient compared to vertical programs in saving time and resources. It also resulted in improved awareness of the causes, treatment and prevention of lymphoedema, in marked improvements in the lymphoedema, and in reduced stigma and discrimination. The care package was found to be acceptable to patients, health professionals and decision makers. The barriers to integrated care were unrealistic patient expectations, inadequate dissemination across health workers, and poor transportation access. Health professionals, decision makers and patients believed the integrated lymphoedema care package to be scalable and sustainable. Conclusion The integrated holistic care package was found to be acceptable to patients, health professionals and decision makers. We recommend its scale-up to other endemic districts.