bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A land-neutral expansion of Brazilian renewable fuel production
Authors: Camargo Luis Ramirez , Castro Gabriel , Gruber Katharina , Jewell Jessica , Klingler Michael , Turkovska Olga , Wetterlund Elisabeth , Schmidt Johannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biofuels are currently the only available bulk renewable fuel. They have, however, limited expansion potential due to high land requirements and associated risks for biodiversity, food security, and land conflicts. We, therefore, propose to increase output from ethanol refineries in a land-neutral methanol pathway: surplus CO2-streams from fermentation are combined with hydrogen from renewably powered electrolysis to synthesize methanol. We illustrate this pathway with the Brazilian sugarcane ethanol industry using a spatio-temporal model. The fuel output of existing ethanol generation facilities can be increased by 42%-49% or ~100TWh without using additional land. This amount is sufficient to cover projected growth in Brazilian biofuel demand in 2030. We identify a trade-off between renewable energy generation technologies: wind power requires the least amount of land whereas a mix of wind and solar costs the least. In the cheapest scenario, green methanol is competitive to fossil methanol at a carbon price of 80EUR/tCO2
WITHDRAWN: Effects of the Sole or Combined Use of Chemical Admixtures on Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Sevim Ozer , Kalkan İlker , Demir İlhami , Akgüngör Ali Payıdar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chemical additives are very important in determining the behavioral characteristics of self-compacting concrete. For this reason, determining the building materials that make up the chemical structure of self-compacting concrete and the interactions of these materials is of great importance. The present study pertains to the effects of the use of different chemical admixtures (high-range water-reducing, i.e., superplasticizer, hydration accelerating, air-entraining, shrinkage reducing, and hydration heat reducing admixtures) on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. The influence of using a single one or a hybrid combination of the air-entraining, hydration-accelerating, heat-reducing, and shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the mechanical properties of fresh and hardened SCC was investigated through a set of tests. For this purpose, sixteen different SCC mixtures with different combinations of chemical additives were prepared and tested. The properties of fresh concrete were examined as well as the compressive and tensile strengths of the mixtures. SCC mixtures with shrinkage-reducing admixtures were evaluated in terms of shrinkage development. The effect of the use of admixtures was found to be more pronounced on the early-age concrete strength. The use of any type of additive in addition to the shrinkage reducing admixture increased the speed of flow of fresh concrete.
Marketing research as the basis for the development of a product range in the light industry
Authors: Христофорова И.В. , Деменкова А.Б. 
Published: February 2021

В статье представлено исследование, определяющее характеристики мирового рынка футболок, его конъюнктуру, а также выявляющее предпочтения потребителей к дизайну принтов на футболках для формирования оптимального товарного ассортимента и эффективного сбыта произведённой продукции. Информационную базу составили научные публикации авторитетных в области исследования ученых, статистические данные компании «5КармаNов» и данные итальянских производителей текстильной продукции.
The article presents a study that determines the characteristics of the world market for T-shirts, its conjuncture, as well as identifying consumer preferences for the design of prints on T-shirts to form an optimal product range and effective marketing of manufactured products. The information base was composed of scientific publications of authoritative scientists in the field of research, statistical data of the company «5KarmaNov» and data from Italian manufacturers of textile products
Statistical analysis of consumer market trends in Russia
Authors: Кузьмичев А.В. 
Published: February 2021

В научной статье отражены теоретические основы функционирования потребительского рынка России, проведен комплексный статистический анализ состояния и тенденций его развития. В рамках исследования отражена содержательная часть и особенности функционирования потребительского рынка России, упорядочены и систематизированы данные, характеризующие текущее состояние потребительского рынка России, посредством финансово-экономических показателей, произведена количественная оценка влияния (воздействия) на состояние потребительского рынка определяющих факторов, отражена динамика развития потребительского рынка России, составление прогнозных значений.
The scientific article reflects the theoretical foundations of the functioning of the consumer market in Russia, carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of the state and trends of its development. The study reflects the substantive part and features of the functioning of the consumer market in Russia, ordered and systematized data characterizing the current state of the consumer market in Russia, through financial and economic indicators, made a quantitative assessment of the impact (impact) on the state of the consumer market of determining factors, reflected the dynamics of the consumer market Russia, drawing up forecast values.
Economic assessment of the effectiveness of implementing an intelligent system for educational organizations
Authors: Кручинина С.А. 
Published: February 2021

Статья посвящена вопросу экономической эффективности внедрения проблемно-ориентированной интеллектуальной системы управления и поддержки принятия решений для образовательных организаций. В частности приведены результаты расчетов, в основе которых лежит методология ROI – оценка возврата инвестиций, позволяющая, в том числе, определить сроки окупаемости инвестиционного проекта.
The article is devoted to the economic efficiency of implementing a problem-oriented intellectual management system and decision support for educational organizations. In particular, the results of calculations based on the ROI methodology – an assessment of the return on investment, which allows, among other things, to determine the payback period of an investment project.
State and structure of the Russian machine-building industry in the context of global economic transformations
Authors: Измайлов М.К. , Родионова Е.С. 
Published: February 2021

В статье проведено исследование основных тенденций развития машиностроительной отрасли России за последние годы. Проведено сравнение темпов развития машиностроения с другими отраслями промышленности. На основе проведенного исследования выделены приоритетные направления развития машиностроительной отрасли в России в условиях глобальных экономических трансформаций.
The article examines the main trends in the development of the Russian machine-building industry in recent years. A comparison of the pace of development of mechanical engineering with other industries is made. Based on the research, priority areas of development of the machine-building industry in Russia in the context of global economic transformations are identified.
Development of credit risk management tools: assessment of a potential borrower (individual)
Authors: Усов А.С. , Бабина Н.В. 
Published: February 2021

В статье анализируется роль риск-менеджмента в современном банковском бизнесе. Особое внимание уделено процессу оценки экономической безопасности потенциального заёмщика (физического лица). Делается вывод о том, что в современных условиях требуется усовершенствование кредитными организациями модели скоринга. Для оценки качества потенциальных заемщиков предлагается разработать и применять методику рейтинговой оценки.
The article analyzes the role of risk management in the modern banking business. Particular attention is paid to the process of assessing the economic security of a potential borrower (individual). The conclusion is made that in modern conditions the improvement of the scoring model by credit organizations is required. To assess the quality of potential borrowers, it is proposed to develop and apply a rating assessment methodology.
Sustainability assessment of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
Authors: Omran Isam I. , Al-Saati Nabeel H. , Al-Saati Hyam H. , Hashim Khalid S. , Al-Saati Zainab N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSustainable development is based on environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions. In this study, the sustainability of wastewater treatment techniques in urban areas of Iraq was assessed using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)/the weighted sum model (WSM). The analysis was performed on 13 operating wastewater treatment plants in 10 provinces, Iraq, using a questionnaire sheet with the assistance of 52 specialists in the Ministry of Municipalities and Public Works, Iraq. Four types of wastewater treatment techniques (Conventional Treatment, Oxidation Ditches, Aeration Lagoons, and membrane bio-reactor (MBR)) were assessed. The environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions were represented by 11, 5, 7, and 4 indicators, respectively. The main results of this study indicate that the sustainability of MBR recorded the highest total importance; the order of the total importance from the highest to the lowest was: MBR &gt; Oxidation Ditches &gt; Aeration Lagoons &gt; Conventional Treatment. The environmental dimension proved its dominance in the four studied treatment techniques' sustainability as it recorded the maximum contribution to sustainability. While the technical dimension recorded the least contribution to sustainability, the order from the highest to the lowest was: Environmental Dimension &gt; Economic Dimension &gt; Social Dimension &gt; Technical Dimension.
Study on Transcriptional Responses and Identification of Ribosomal Protein Genes for Potential Resistance against Brown Planthopper and Gall Midge Pests in Rice
Authors: Moin Mazahar , Saha Anusree , Bakshi Achala , D. Divya , M.S. Madhav , P.B. Kirti 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Our previous studies have revealed the roles of ribosomal protein (RP)
genes in the abiotic stress responses of rice.

Methods:
In the current investigation, we examine the possible involvement of these genes in insect
stress responses. We have characterized the RP genes that included both Ribosomal Protein
Large (RPL) and Ribosomal Protein Small (RPS) subunit genes in response to infestation by two
economically important insect pests, the brown planthopper (BPH) and the Asian rice gall midge
(GM) in rice. Differential transcript patterns of seventy selected RP genes were studied in a susceptible
and a resistant genotype of indica rice: BPT5204 and RPNF05, respectively. An in silico
analyses of the upstream regions of these genes also revealed the presence of cis-elements that are
associated with wound signaling.

Results:
We identified the genes that were up or downregulated in either one of the genotypes, or
both of them after pest infestation. The transcript patterns of a majority of the genes were found to
be temporally-regulated by both the pests. In the resistant RPNF05, BPH infestation activated
RPL15, L51 and RPS5a genes while GM infestation induced RPL15, L18a, L22, L36.2, L38, RPS5,
S9.2 and S25a at a certain point of time. These genes that were particularly upregulated in the resistant
genotype, RPNF05, but not in BPT5204 suggest their potential involvement in plant resistance
against either of the two pests studied.

Conclusion:
Taken together, RPL15, L51, L18a, RPS5, S5a, S9.2, and S25a appear to be the genes with possible roles in insect resistance in rice.
Hippocampal and Amygdalar Morphological Abnormalities in Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Three Chinese MRI Datasets
Authors: Wei Yuanyuan , Huang Nianwei , Liu Yong , Zhang Xi , Wang Silun , Tang Xiaoying 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and its early stage, the mild cognitive
impairment (MCI), has important scientific, clinical and social significance. Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) based statistical shape analysis provides an opportunity to detect regional structural
abnormalities of brain structures caused by AD and MCI.

Objective:
In this work, we aimed to employ a well-established statistical shape analysis pipeline, in
the framework of large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping, to identify and quantify the regional
shape abnormalities of the bilateral hippocampus and amygdala at different prodromal stages of
AD, using three Chinese MRI datasets collected from different domestic hospitals.

Methods:
We analyzed the region-specific shape abnormalities at different stages of the neuropathology
of AD by comparing the localized shape characteristics of the bilateral hippocampi and amygdalas
between healthy controls and two disease groups (MCI and AD). In addition to group comparison
analyses, we also investigated the association between the shape characteristics and the Mini Mental
State Examination (MMSE) of each structure of interest in the disease group (MCI and AD combined)
as well as the discriminative power of different morphometric biomarkers.

Results:
We found the strongest disease pathology (regional atrophy) at the subiculum and CA1 subregions
of the hippocampus and the basolateral, basomedial as well as centromedial subregions of the
amygdala. Furthermore, the shape characteristics of the hippocampal and amygdalar subregions exhibiting
the strongest AD related atrophy were found to have the most significant positive associations
with the MMSE. Employing the shape deformation marker of the hippocampus or the amygdala for
automated MCI or AD detection yielded a significant accuracy boost over the corresponding volume
measurement.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that the amygdalar and hippocampal morphometrics, especially
those of shape morphometrics, can be used as auxiliary indicators for monitoring the disease status of
an AD patient.
Alzheimer’s Disease and its Related Dementia Types: A Review on Their Management Via Nanotechnology Based Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Siafaka Panoraia I. , Mutlu Gökce , Okur Neslihan Ü. 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Dementia and its related types such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia
and mixed dementia belong to brain associated diseases, resulting in long-term progressive memory
loss. These diseases are so severe that can affect a person's daily routine. Up to date, treatment of
dementia is still an unmet challenge due to their complex pathophysiology and unavailable efficient
pharmacological approaches. The use of nanotechnology based pharmaceutical products could possibly
improve the management of dementia given that nanocarriers could more efficiently deliver drugs to
the brain.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to provide the current nanotechnology based drug delivery systems
for the treatment of various dementia types. In addition, the current diagnosis biomarkers for the
mentioned dementia types along with their available pharmacological treatment are being discussed.

Methods:
An extensive review of the current nanosystems such as brain drug delivery systems against
Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia was performed. Moreover, nanotheranostics
as possible imaging markers for such dementias were also reported.

Results:
The field of nanotechnology is quite advantageous for targeting dementia given that nanoscale
drug delivery systems easily penetrate the blood brain barrier and circulate in the body for prolonged
time. These nanoformulations consist of polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured
lipid carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and liquid crystals. The delivery of the nanotherapeutics
can be achieved via various administration routes such as transdermal, injectable, oral,
and more importantly, through the intranasal route. Nonetheless, the nanocarriers are mostly limited to
Alzheimer’s disease targeting; thus, nanocarriers for other types of dementia should be developed.

Conclusion:
To conclude, understanding the mechanism of neurodegeneration and reviewing the current
drug delivery systems for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia types are significant for medical
and pharmaceutical society to produce efficient therapeutic choices and novel strategies based on multifunctional
and biocompatible nanocarriers, which can deliver the drug sufficiently into the brain.
Relationship of Neurofilament Light (NfL) and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Mexican Americans with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Hall James R. , Johnson Leigh A. , Peterson Melissa , Julovich David , Como Tori , O’Bryant Sid E. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction:
This study characterized the relationship between plasma NfL and cognition
in a community-based sample of older Mexican Americans.

Methods:
544 participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and were diagnosed using
clinical criteria. NfL was assayed using Simoa. NfL levels across groups and tests were analyzed.

Results:
Difference in NfL was found between normal and impaired groups and was related to global
cognition, processing speed, executive functions and a list of learning tasks with a significant negative
effect for all diagnostic groups. NfL had a negative impact on processing speed, attention, executive
functions and delayed and recognition memory for both normal and MCI groups.

Discussion:
The research supports plasma NfL as a marker of cognitive impairment related to neurodegenerative
processes in Mexican Americans and may be a marker of early changes in cognition in
those with normal cognition and at risk for developing MCI.
GST T1, M1, and IRS-1 G972R Genetic Variants Association to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Egyptian Women: Linkage to Maternal Hyperglycemia
Authors: Barseem Naglaa Fathy , Khattab Essam , Dawood Ragab , Mohamed Sally 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) shares in part the pathogenic mechanisms
of multiple genetic interactions. Some of the T2D susceptibility genes are encountered in association
with GDM.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate GST T1, M1, and G972R IRS-I gene polymorphisms with the
risk of developing GDM.

Patients and methods:
In this randomized case-control study, pregnant women with GDM were
genotyped by PCR analysis for glutathione s-transferase-T1, M1 variant polymorphisms. RFLP
was done for the G972R IRS 1 gene. Their newborns were additionally assayed for the whole of
the clinical, laboratory, and genetic aspects.

Results:
The T allele IRS-1rs1801278 TT genotype was more frequently detected in GDM mothers
in comparison to healthy control ones [for TT homozygous variant; OR(CI 95%): 2.05(1.09-3.87,
p: 0.025)]. Furthermore, GST T1 null was significantly presented in GDM mothers than those of
control mothers [OR (CI95%: 0.29 (0.084-1.02), p:0.04]. Added to the significant correlation of
glycemic indices to clinical parameters of infants born to GDM, the M1-null genotype of GST was
significantly correlated (p<0.05) to abnormal values of respiratory rates and 1 minute-APGAR
score noted for extra NICU care.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that GST T1null and IRS-1 TT genotypic variants were claimed
for GDM development among Egyptian women with a possible impact on their newly born infants.
A Comparison of CT Manifestations Between Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Other Types of Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Mao Haixia , Li Xiaoshan , Lin Xiaoming , Zhou Lijuan , Zhang Xiuping , Cao Yang , Jiang Yilun , Chen Hongwei , Fang Xiangming , Gu Lan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Though imaging manifestations of COVID-19 and other types of viral
pneumonia are similar, their clinical treatment methods differ. Accurate, non-invasive diagnostic
methods using CT imaging can help develop an optimal therapeutic regimen for both conditions.

Objectives:
To compare the initial CT imaging features in COVID-19 with those in other types of viral
pneumonia.

Methods:
Clinical and imaging data of 51 patients with COVID-19 and 69 with other types of viral
pneumonia were retrospectively studied. All significant imaging features (Youden index >0.3)
were included for constituting the combined criteria for COVID-19 diagnosis, composed of two or
more imaging features with a parallel model. McNemar's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was
used to compare the validity indices (sensitivity and specificity) among various criteria.

Results:
Ground glass opacities (GGO) dominated density, peripheral distribution, unilateral lung,
clear margin of lesion, rounded morphology, long axis parallel to the pleura, vascular thickening,
and crazy-paving pattern were more common in COVID-19 (p <0.05). Consolidation-dominated
density, both central and peripheral distributions, bilateral lung, indistinct margin of lesion, tree-inbud
pattern, mediastinal or hilar lymphadenectasis, pleural effusion, and pleural thickening were
more common in other types of viral pneumonia (p < 0.05). GGO-dominated density or long axis
parallel to the pleura (with the highest sensitivity), and GGO-dominated density or long axis parallel
to the pleura or vascular thickening (with the highest specificity) are well combined criteria of
COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The initial CT imaging features are helpful for the differential diagnosis of
COVID-19 and other types of viral pneumonia.
A Novel Natural Polymers Based Nanoparticles Gel Formulation for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Optimization and In-vivo Evaluation
Authors: Chaudhary Sushma , Singh Manjul Pratap , Rao Chandana Venkateaswara , Rawat Ajay Kumar Singh 
Published: February 2021

Background:In 1988, the US Food and Drug Administration permitted low dose methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that would change the progression of the disease. Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist and its systemic use causes numerous side effects; including hepatic toxicity. It would be preferable to deliver methotrexate by the topical route to reduce side-effects along with ease of administration and reduced dosing frequency. So, nanoparticle gel is a hopeful approach to treat rheumatoid arthritis.Objective:The study aims to develop a nanoparticles gel containing novel natural polymer-based methotrexate nanoparticles and evaluate its therapeutic potential on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant– Induced Arthritis rat model and compare it to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel.Materials and Methods:The five batches of methotrexate nanoparticles gel were prepared viz. F1W2, F2W2, F3W2, F4W2 and methotrexate gel for the topical application by using different concentrations of Carbopol 934 base and characterized for their evaluation parameters: homogeneity, grittiness, pH, spread-ability, viscosity determination, and drug content studies. The arthritic potential of methotrexate-nanoparticles gel was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant–Induced Arthritis rats model based on percent inhibition oedema and arthritic score.Result and Discussion:Methotrexate nanoparticles gel significantly reduced the percentage inhibition of oedema compared to methotrexate and dexamethasone gel. The therapeutic activity of nanoparticles gel was found to be F3W2 ≥ F2W2 ≥ F1W2 ≥ F4W2 ≥ MTX gel. So, the optimized nanoparticle gel formulation F3W2 can be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Conclusion:The developed novel nanoparticles gel formulation can be a promising alternative to existing methotrexate and dexamethasone gel.