bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELAVL1a is an immunocompetent protein that protects zebrafish embryos from bacterial infection
Authors: Ni Shousheng , Zhou Yang , Song Lili , Chen Yan , Wang Xia , Du Xiaoyuan , Zhang Shicui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that ELAVL1 plays multiple roles, but its overall biological function remains ill-defined. Here we clearly demonstrated that zebrafish ELAVL1a was a lipoteichoic acid (LTA)- and LPS-binding protein abundantly stored in the eggs/embryos of zebrafish. ELAVL1a acted not only as a pattern recognition receptor, capable of identifying LTA and LPS, as well as bacteria, but also as an effector molecule, capable of inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Furthermore, we reveal that the C-terminal 62 residues of ELAVL1a positioned at 181–242 were indispensable for ELAVL1a antibacterial activity. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the hydrophobic residues Val192/Ile193, as well as the positively charged residues Arg203/Arg204, were the functional determinants contributing to the antimicrobial activity of rELAVL1a. Importantly, microinjection of rELAVL1a into embryos markedly promoted their resistance against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, and this pathogen-resistant activity was considerably reduced by co-injection of anti-ELAVL1a antibody or by knockdown with morpholino for elavl1a. Collectively, our results indicate that ELAVL1a is a maternal immune factor that can protect zebrafish embryos from bacterial infection. This work also provides another angle for understanding the biological roles of ELAVL1a.
Multiplexed labeling of cellular proteins with split fluorescent protein tags
Authors: Tamura Ryo , Jiang Fangchao , Xie Jin , Kamiyama Daichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSelf-complementing split fluorescent proteins (split FP1-10/11) have become an important labeling tool in live-cell protein imaging. However, current split FP systems to label multiple proteins in single cells have a fundamental limitation in the number of proteins that can be simultaneously labeled. Here, we describe an approach to expand the number of orthogonal split FP systems with spectrally distinct colors. By combining rational design and cycles of directed evolution, we expand the spectral color palette of FP1-10/11. We also circularly permutate GFP and synthesize the β-strand 7, 8, or 10 system. These split GFP pairs are not only capable of labeling proteins but are also orthogonal to the current FP1-10/11 pairs, offering multiplexed labeling of cellular proteins. Our multiplexing approach, using the new orthogonal split FP systems, demonstrates simultaneous imaging of four distinct proteins in single cells; the resulting images reveal nuclear localization of focal adhesion protein Zyxin.
Enhancing ductility in bulk metallic glasses by straining during cooling
Authors: Mota Rodrigo Miguel Ojeda , Lund Ethen Thomas , Sohn Sungwoo , Browne David John , Hofmann Douglas Clayton , Curtarolo Stefano , van de Walle Axel , Schroers Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMost of the known bulk metallic glasses lack sufficient ductility or toughness when fabricated under conditions resulting in bulk glass formation. To address this major shortcoming, processing techniques to improve ductility that mechanically affect the glass have been developed, however it remains unclear for which metallic glass formers they work and by how much. Instead of manipulating the glass state, we show here that an applied strain rate can excite the liquid, and simultaneous cooling results in freezing of the excited liquid into a glass with a higher fictive temperature. Microscopically, straining causes the structure to dilate, hence “pulls” the structure energetically up the potential energy landscape. Upon further cooling, the resulting excited liquid freezes into an excited glass that exhibits enhanced ductility. We use Zr44Ti11Cu10Ni10Be25 as an example alloy to pull bulk metallic glasses through this excited liquid cooling method, which can lead to tripling of the bending ductility.
Natural variability is a large source of uncertainty in future projections of hypoxia in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Markus Meier H. E. , Dieterich Christian , Gröger Matthias 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoastal seas worldwide suffer from increasing human impact. One of the most severe environmental threats is excessive nutrient pollution from land, which causes oxygen depletion and harmful algal blooms. In 2018, the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea was determined to contain the largest hypoxic area among the world’s coastal seas, with a size equal to the Republic of Ireland. In this study, ensemble modelling was used to investigate whether climate change will intensify hypoxia in the Baltic Sea and whether nutrient load abatement strategies would counteract this scenario. We analysed the largest ensemble of scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea currently available (including different boundary conditions) and estimated the magnitude of various sources of uncertainty. The results showed that natural variability was a larger source of uncertainty than previously considered. The earliest time and appropriate location to detect a trend above the background noise were estimated. A significant decrease in hypoxia can be achieved by further reductions in nutrient loads implemented in combination with existing measures.
Soft pneumatic gripper integrated with multi‐configuration and variable‐stiffness functionality
Authors: Yuan Zean , Wu Li , Xu Xiangjian , Chen Rui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSoft grippers are compliant and self‐adaptive, and can be highly compatible with the surrounding environment in grasping tasks. Currently, most soft pneumatic grippers are developed with a single grasping configuration, which leads to poor universality for different objects. Additionally, the oscillation caused by actuator's elastic bodies will result in poor stability during grasping and transportation, which can be improved by stiffness enhancement. A four‐fingered soft pneumatic gripper is proposed by integrating multi‐configuration and variable‐stiffness functionality. The multi‐configuration was realised by using the motion characteristics of a tangent mechanism. Meanwhile, a damping method based on electrorheological fluids was applied on a pneumatic actuator to improve the grasping stability. Besides, a machine vision technique was adopted to automatically adjust the grasping posture during manipulation. As a result, the proposed multi‐configuration gripper can self‐adaptively grasp different shapes of objects, especially two classical types, a pen canister as the flat cylinder and a cuboid box as the long cylinder. In addition, the electrorheological variable‐stiffness method was manifested to be applicable for reducing pneumatic finger vibration. This research is expected to improve the versatility and grasping stability of soft pneumatic grippers.
Channel covariance matrix based secret key generation for low‐power terminals in frequency division duplex systems
Authors: Wan Zheng , Huang Kaizhi , Lou Yangming , Chen Yajun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe existing secret key generation (SKG) techniques are not applicable for frequency division duplex (FDD) Internet of Things networks due to the low power constraints and limited computing resources. This letter proposes a SKG scheme based on the channel covariance matrix in FDD systems. First of all, a novel algorithm is proposed for inferring the downlink channel covariance matrix from the observed uplink channel covariance matrix with the aid of the transformation matrix. Then, a complete SKG scheme for low‐power terminals in FDD systems is designed to generate keys from the downlink channel covariance matrix. Finally, simulation results show that this scheme can generate high‐agreement secret keys in FDD systems. Compared with the loopback mechanism‐based SKG scheme, this scheme is suitable for low‐power terminals and can achieve significant performance improvement in terms of the key disagreement ratio.
Accurate partial discharge localisation using a multi‐deep neural network model trained with a novel virtual measurement method
Authors: Zaki Atta Ul Munim , Hu Yue , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTime difference of arrival‐based localisation method has been extensively used by researchers for the partial discharge (PD) diagnosis despite being time‐inefficient and sensitive to time delay estimation. Most of the contemporary work focuses on overcoming these problems by using data‐driven approaches and/or statistical simulation methods. When used simultaneously, statistical simulation‐based methods facilitate the data‐driven approaches in terms of providing them with large amounts of data during the testing phase. However, the present work introduces a novel training phase strategy for a multi‐deep neural network model (MDNNM). In this method, ‘N’ number of randomly generated PD sources in 3‐D space are obtained statistically through virtual measurement method (VMM). Time delays amongst sensors, for the received ultra‐high frequency signals from these ‘N’ PDs, are used in training of the MDNNM. This enhances the model's PD detection ability, as the obtained time delays realise the measurement error beforehand; and consequently, the model learns to predict the PD coordinates accurately. After applying this MDNNM trained with a novel VMM practically, the experimental results show that a location accuracy of 1° can be obtained for a system error value of time difference up to 10 ns.
A new energy aware cluster head selection for LEACH in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Pour Sina Einavi , Javidan Reza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInternet of Things (IoTs) as a new network pattern for the intelligent world usually uses wireless sensor networks (WSNs) as a perception layer which consisted of numerous number of sensor nodes scattered in the environment to gather intended information. The selected information then is sent to a base station (BS) to be sent to cloud server for further processing. Since the energy of sensor nodes is limited, the most significant challenge in these networks is reducing the energy consumption of the network. It is proved that dividing the network to clusters can significantly reduce the energy consumption. One of the most popular clustering protocols in WSNs is the Low‐Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). In this protocol, cluster heads (CHs) are selected randomly which results in poor performance in real scenarios. In this article, a new energy aware CH selection algorithm is proposed which selects CHs based on the residual energy, the position and centrality of nodes. It uses a variable range upon which the centrality and the number of neighbours of each node are calculated. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms LEACH, Multi‐hope Routing with LEACH (MR‐LEACH) and Enhanced Multi‐hop LEACH (EM‐LEACH) in terms of reducing energy consumption, increasing network lifetime and improving network reliability.
Autosomal-dominante polyzystische NierenerkrankungManagement im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Liebau Max C. 
Published: February 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung (ADPKD) ist die häufigste genetische Ursache einer dialysepflichtigen chronischen Nierenerkrankung. Die ADPKD wird in den meisten Fällen durch Varianten in zwei Genen versursacht und ist typischerweise klinisch charakterisiert durch einen langsam fortschreitenden zystisch-fibrotischen Umbau der Nieren mit verschiedenen extrarenalen Manifestationen. Symptome werden oft erst im Erwachsenenalter bemerkt, der Prozess der Zystenbildung in der Niere beginnt aber bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Für erwachsene Patienten mit rasch fortschreitender Erkrankung konnte eine erste zielgerichtete pharmakologische Therapie etabliert werden, welche allerdings mit substantiellen Nebenwirkungen einhergeht. Für Kinder- und Jugendärzte ist es daher wichtig, ein ausgewogenes Maß zwischen wachsamer Beobachtung und Diagnostik einer Erkrankung zu finden.
Potenzial des Ultraschalls bei allogener Stammzelltransplantation und transplantationsassoziierten Komplikationen
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Klein Stefan , Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Sohlbach Kristina , Neubauer Andreas , Burchert Andreas , Görg Christian 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie allogene hämatopoietische Stammzelltransplantation (allo-SZT) stellt eine komplexe Therapie mit vielen auch gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungen und Komplikationen dar. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und Behandlung von mit allo-SZT assoziierten Komplikationen ist daher von großer Bedeutung, um das Überleben dieser Patienten zu verbessern. Die Sonografie stellt eine schnell verfügbare Methode dar, die am Krankenbett durchgeführt werden kann. In den Händen eines sonografieerfahrenen Untersuchers können wichtige transplantationsbedingte Komplikationen sofort diagnostiziert oder ausgeschlossen werden. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den diagnostischen und klinischen Wert von Ultraschall vor, während und nach der allo-SZT darzustellen.
Restart of Anticoagulant Therapy and Risk of Thrombosis, Rebleeding, and Death after Factor Xa Inhibitor Reversal in Major Bleeding Patients
Authors: Milling Truman J. , King Ben , Yue Patrick , Middeldorp Saskia , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Eikelboom John W. , Crowther Mark , Xu Lizhen , Verhamme Peter , Siegal Deborah M. , Connolly Stuart J. ,   on behalf of the ANNEXA-4 Investigators
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Lack of data on balancing bleeding and thrombosis risk causes uncertainty about restarting anticoagulants after major bleeding. Anticoagulant reversal trials offer prospectively gathered data after major bleeding with well-documented safety events and restarting behavior.
Objectives To examine the relationship of restarting anticoagulation with thrombosis, rebleeding, and death.
Methods This is a posthoc analysis of a prospective factor Xa inhibitor reversal study at 63 centers in North America and Europe. We compared outcomes of restarted patients with those not restarted using landmark and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Outcomes included thrombotic and bleeding events and death and a composite of all three.
Results Of 352 patients enrolled, oral anticoagulation was restarted in 100 (28%) during 30-day follow-up. Thirty-four (9.7%) had thrombotic events, 15 (4.3%) had bleeding events (after day 3), and 49 (14%) died. In the landmark analysis comparing patients restarted within 14 days to those not, restarting was associated with decreased thrombotic events (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.112; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001–0.944; p = 0.043) and increased rebleeding (HR = 8.39; 95% CI: 1.13–62.29; p = 0.037). The time-dependent Cox model showed evidence for a reduction in a composite (thrombotic events, bleeding, and death) attempting to capture net benefit (HR = 0.384; 95% CI: 0.161–0.915; p = 0.031).
Conclusion This analysis provides modest evidence that restarting anticoagulation in factor Xa inhibitor-associated major bleeding patients is correlated with reduced risk of thrombotic events and increased risk of rebleeding. There is low-level evidence of net benefit for restarting. A randomized trial of restarting would be appropriate.
The Iliac Crest Osteomuscular Flap for Bony Reconstruction: Beast or Beauty? A Reassessment of the Value and Donor Site Morbidity in the CAD/CAM Era
Authors: Hilven Paulien H. , Vranckx Jan J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background The iliac crest bone flap (ICBF), based on the deep circumflex iliac artery, has a bad reputation regarding donor site morbidity. However, the ICBF has an ideal curvature and shape for occlusion-based hemimandibular reconstructions with rapid dental rehabilitation and for vertical class III maxillary reconstructions that require bony support and muscular bulk to fill cavities and to provide intraoral lining. Is this notorious donor site reputation still valid with modern flap procurement using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and recipient-site closure techniques?
Methods We performed a literature search of the public databases PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for papers using mesh keywords related to donor site morbidity of the ICBF. We report three illustrative case reports using our current protocols for oncologic bony resection and reconstruction, using in-house CAD/CAM and three-dimensional printing to procure a tight-fit ICBF and minimizing donor site morbidity.
Results We found 191 articles in the PubMed database of which we considered 176 nonrelevant. Cochrane Library and Google Scholar database searches resulted in the inclusion of 11 additional papers. The second search resulted in 172 articles of which we used five after excluding nonrelevant papers. Accurate preoperative (CAD/CAM) planning, preservation of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), and paying attention to thoroughly donor site closure make the ICBF a very valuable option for accurate maxillofacial reconstructions with very acceptable comorbidities. This corresponds with our clinical findings.
Conclusion Dogma never is a good teacher; it remains elementary that routine “knowledge” is (re)questioned. Donor site morbidity of the ICBF is comparable to other bone flaps. The shape and bone stock of the ICBF is ideal and often may be first choice. In combination with CAD/CAM planning, the ICBF is an excellent option for specific maxillofacial reconstructions.
A reliable voltage clamping submodule based on SiC MOSFET for solid state switch
Authors: Ma Shaoxiang , Shang Wentong , Wang Dongyu , Zhang Ming , Zhu Bangyou , Yu Kexun , Pan Yuan 
Published: February 2021

The electron cyclotron resonance heating system is one of the most effective plasma heating systems for controlled nuclear fusion. The key part of the system called gyrotron is driven by a high voltage power supply with a rated output power of hundreds of kilowatts. When the system is in operation, breakdowns frequently occur in the gyrotron. During breakdowns, the gyrotron will endure a large volume of energy and may be damaged. A solid-state switch is required to protect it by blocking high voltage (∼40 kV) within 10 microseconds and limiting energy within a few joules. Compared with Si IGBT/MOSFET, SiC MOSFET with higher switching speed is more suitable for the switch. However, rapid switching speed exacerbates the voltage imbalance. To solve the problems, a reliable module named Advanced Chopper Sub-Model based on SiC MOSFETs for a solid-state switch is proposed. The module adopts a voltage-clamped circuit to achieve the capabilities of rapid switching-off speed, as well as low overvoltage and good voltage balancing. In addition, modules connected in series can tolerate large driver time delay. The SPICE simulation and the double-pulse test are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed module. The protection performance test was also conducted by using a spark gap to simulate the breakdown fault. Finally, the switch that consists of 64 series-connected modules has been tested at 30 kV/6 A. The turn-off time is ∼5 µs, and the energy during the turn-off transition is 0.283 J. The results show that the switch has good performance.
Sema7A is crucial for resolution of severe inflammation
Authors: Körner Andreas , Bernard Alice , Fitzgerald Julia C. , Alarcon-Barrera Juan Carlos , Kostidis Sarantos , Kaussen Torsten , Giera Martin , Mirakaj Valbona 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Nonresolving inflammation, a hallmark of sepsis and/or multi-organ failure, still poses a challenge in medicine. The mortality rate is enormous, and so far no adequate curative therapy is available. Here we identify a previously unrecognized role of the neuronal guidance protein semaphorin 7A in the transition to resolution processes in severe systematic inflammation such as sepsis.
Controls on the size distributions of shallow landslides
Authors: Bellugi Dino G. , Milledge David G. , Cuffey Kurt M. , Dietrich William E. , Larsen Laurel G. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Shallow landslides are destructive and widespread natural hazards, but what controls their size distribution is poorly understood. We present a generalized theory to explain landslide size distribution at specific locations by combining a mechanistic slope stability model with a spatial-statistical description of the variability in hillslope conditions. We perform numerical experiments to explore how landslide size is controlled by the spatial structure of hillslope strength variability. We find that this structure must obey particular constraints in terms of amplitude, form, and wavelength to reproduce observed size distributions. Our theory can account for the broad similarities and occasional differences in field-mapped landslide inventories; it highlights the critical need to constrain the spatial variability in material strength properties of hillslopes.
The Conditioning Role of Judicial Independence in the Exercise of Judicial Review
Authors: Vande Kamp Garrett N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractScholars recognize that judicial review depends upon judicial independence: an independent court is more likely to invalidate a statute it opposes than a nonindependent court. But scholars have lost that the previous statement is a conditional relationship, in which judicial independence moderates the relationship between a court’s ideological preferences and its decision to strike statutes. I model this conditional relationship using the US Supreme Court’s constitutional decisions on important federal statutes. The analysis reveals that judicial independence is best modeled as a conditional predictor of judicial review and that modeling judicial independence as an additive predictor risks false negative results.
Positron-induced scattering of acetone from 0.1 eV to 5 keV
Authors: Sahgal Vardaan , Bharadvaja Anand , Baluja Kasturi Lal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Positron impact scattering cross-sections (CS) like elastic differential, integral and momentum transfer of acetone are reported in the energy range from 0.1 eV to a few keV using a cc-pVTZ basis set within single centre expansion formalism. The optimized molecular wavefunction of the target was obtained from the multi-center expansion of the Gaussian-type orbitals within a Hartree–Fock self consistent field scheme. Two different models were used to account for the long-range effects arising due to the polar nature of the target. Both the models gave overlapping ‘correction’ CS. The Born corrected elastic CS exhibit a good agreement with existing experimental results and ab initio theoretical results. The inelastic CS like positron impact excitation and ionization are also computed. The total CSs obtained by summing elastic and inelastic CS are in excellent agreement with the ‘forward angle corrected’ experimental results over the majority of the energy range. The deviations in the energy range of 3–7 eV are due to the exclusion of the positronium formation channel from the computation. A brief observation is also made about the impact of the Born closure scheme.