bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Nutritional Optimization in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: When and How?
Authors: da Silva Isadora Sayuri Macedo , Cambi Maria Paula Carlini , Magro Daniéla Oliveira , Kotze Paulo Gustavo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are commonly associated with important changes in nutritional status (NS). Both malnutrition and obesity have a negative impact on the course of both diseases, with greater risks of postoperative complications, such as anastomotic dehiscences, reoperations, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. The diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals at nutritional risk, with clear indication for preoperative nutritional therapy, involves several factors. Oral nutrition should be the first choice of nutritional support. If the patient has difficulty in consuming food, the enteral route is the second option, through elementary (amino acids), semi-elementary (oligopeptides), or polymeric (whole proteins) formulas. When oral or enteral routes are not indicated (in the presence of intestinal obstruction or ischemia, fistula, or bleeding), total parenteral nutrition can meet the daily nutritional needs of the critically ill patient. Nutritional support can be performed exclusively or in an associated way, which will depend on the nutritional severity of the patient with IBD. Nutritional screening should be performed at all stages of the disease, always individually and with professionals with experience in IBD. The reduction of complications in the perioperative period is not only associated with adequate surgical technique, but also with adequate nutritional support and clinical preparation before surgery. Therefore, the dietitian with a focus in IBD has an important role in the multidisciplinary team, collaborating with all stages of treatment and with the optimization of the nutritional status of the surgical patient.
An atom trap system for 39Ar dating with improved precision
Authors: Tong Amin L. , Gu Ji-Qiang , Yang Guo-Min , Hu Shui-Ming , Jiang Wei , Lu Zheng-Tian , Ritterbusch Florian 
Published: June 2021

Cosmogenic 39Ar dating is an emerging technique in dating mountain glacier ice, mapping ocean circulation, and tracing groundwater flow. We have realized an atom-trap system for the analysis of the radioactive isotope 39Ar (half-life = 269 years) in environmental samples. The system is capable of analyzing small (1–5 kg) environmental water or ice samples and achieves a count rate of 10 atoms/h for 39Ar at the modern isotopic abundance level of 8 × 10−16. By switching frequently between counting 39Ar atoms and measuring the stable and abundant isotope 38Ar, drift effects in the trapping efficiency are largely suppressed, leading to a more precise measurement of the isotope ratio 39Ar/38Ar. Moreover, cleaning techniques are developed to alleviate cross-sample contamination, reducing the background 39Ar count rate down to &lt;0.5 atoms/h. These advances allow us to determine the 39Ar age in the range of 250–1300 years with precisions of &lt;20%.
Nanowaveguide-illuminated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for single molecule studies
Authors: Chandler Joseph M. , Xu Huizhong 
Published: June 2021

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) is a method of investigating concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles typically in the nM range as a result of its femtoliter-sized sample volume. However, biological processes on cell membranes that involve molecules in the μM concentration range require sample volumes well below the conventional FCS limit as well as nanoscale confinement in the longitudinal direction. In this study, we show that an effective measurement volume down to the zeptoliter range can be achieved via the introduction of a nanowire waveguide, resulting in an illumination spot of about 50 nm in lateral dimensions and a longitudinal confinement of around 20 nm just above the waveguide exit surface. Using illumination profiles obtained from finite element method simulations of dielectric nanowaveguides, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of fluorescence fluctuations for two scenarios of fluorophore movement: fluorophores freely diffusing in the three-dimensional (3D) space above the nanowaveguide and fluorophores moving in a two-dimensional (2D) membrane situated directly above the nanowaveguide exit surface. We have developed analytical functions to fit the simulation results and found that an effective illumination size of about 150 zl and 4 × 10−3 µm2 can be obtained for the 3D and 2D scenarios, respectively. Given the flat surface geometry and the deep-subwavelength confinement of its illumination spot, this nanowaveguide-illuminated fluorescence correlation spectroscopy technique may be well suited for studying the concentration and dynamics of densely distributed protein molecules on cell membranes.
Molecular basis of the dual role of the Mlh1-Mlh3 endonuclease in MMR and in meiotic crossover formation
Authors: Dai Jingqi , Sanchez Aurore , Adam Céline , Ranjha Lepakshi , Reginato Giordano , Chervy Pierre , Tellier-Lebegue Carine , Andreani Jessica , Guérois Raphaël , Ropars Virginie , Le Du Marie-Hélène , Maloisel Laurent , Martini Emmanuelle , Legrand Pierre , Thureau Aurélien , Cejka Petr , Borde Valérie , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2021

Significance
During meiosis, programmed chromosome breakage and subsequent double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) break repair help ensure correct chromosome segregation and promote genetic diversity of the progeny. In budding yeast, which utilizes meiotic recombination pathways conserved in mice and humans, the majority of meiotic crossovers are initiated through the formation of a DNA Holliday junction, which requires the endonuclease activity of the Mlh1-Mlh3 DNA mismatch repair factor to be resolved exclusively into a crossover product. Here, we combined structural biology, biochemical, and genetic analyses to compare the Mlh1-Mlh3 structure and functions with the main mismatch repair endonuclease Mlh1-Pms1. We characterize structural differences around their respective endonuclease sites. We also characterize mutants associated with condensation and filament formation of the Mlh1-Mlh3 heterodimer.
Reactivation-induced motor skill learning
Authors: Herszage Jasmine , Sharon Haggai , Censor Nitzan 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceLearning motor skills commonly requires repeated practice to achieve improvements in performance. Based on memory reactivation frameworks at the synaptic, systems, and behavioral levels, we tested whether brief memory reactivations can induce learning in motor skills. To address this concept, we combined an experimental design spanning across 1 wk from test to retest, with brief motor memory reactivations. Results revealed that brief, continuous, and error-free reactivations of the motor skill memory were successful in inducing learning gains. Corticospinal excitability measures collected using transcranial magnetic stimulation over primary motor cortex correlated with retest and transfer performance. These results demonstrate a unique form of rapid motor skill learning and may have far-reaching implications, for example, in accelerating motor rehabilitation following neurological injuries.
Variable V2 in Norwegian heritage language
Authors: Westergaard Marit , Lohndal Terje , Lundquist Björn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses possible attrition of verb second (V2) word order in Norwegian heritage language by investigating a corpus of spontaneous speech produced by 50 2nd–4th generation heritage speakers in North America. The study confirms previous findings that V2 word order is generally stable in heritage situations, but nevertheless finds approximately 10% V2 violations. The cases of non-V2 word order are argued to be due to lack of activation of the heritage language grammar, making it vulnerable to crosslinguistic influence from the speakers’ dominant language. This crosslinguistic influence does not simply replace V2 by non-V2, but is argued to operate more indirectly, affecting (a) the distribution of contexts for V2 word order, and (b) introducing two new distinctions into the heritage language, one (indirectly) based on a similar distinction in the dominant language (a difference between adverbs and negation with respect to verb movement), the other based on frequency of initial elements triggering V2 in non-subject-initial declaratives. Together, these findings also indicate that crosslinguistic influence affects different contexts of V2 differently, providing support for analyses that treat V2 word order as the result of many smaller rules.
Aculops fuchsiae (Fuchsia gall mite).
Authors: Germain Jean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

A. fuchsiae, the fuchsia gall mite, is native to South America. It was first found in California, USA in 1981 where it has spread rapidly, and more recently it has invaded Europe since 2003, and it is a declared quarantine pest in both. It attacks only fuchsia (Fuchsia spp.), but once established it is very difficult to eradicate and impacts can be so severe that some growers in California have given up growing the plants entirely.
HGC: fast hierarchical clustering for large-scale single-cell data
Authors: Zou Ziheng , Hua Kui , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Summary
Clustering is a key step in revealing heterogeneities in single-cell data. Most existing single-cell clustering methods output a fixed number of clusters without the hierarchical information. Classical hierarchical clustering (HC) provides dendrograms of cells, but cannot scale to large datasets due to high computational complexity. We present HGC, a fast Hierarchical Graph-based Clustering tool to address both problems. It combines the advantages of graph-based clustering and HC. On the shared nearest-neighbor graph of cells, HGC constructs the hierarchical tree with linear time complexity. Experiments showed that HGC enables multiresolution exploration of the biological hierarchy underlying the data, achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on benchmark data and can scale to large datasets.

Availability and implementation
The R package of HGC is available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/HGC/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Characterization of synthetic wheat line Largo for resistance to stem rust
Authors: Sharma Jyoti Saini , Overlander Megan , Faris Justin D , Klindworth Daryl L , Rouse Matthew N , Kang Houyang , Long Yunming , Jin Yue , Lagudah Evans S , Xu Steven S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Resistance breeding is an effective approach against wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt). The synthetic hexaploid wheat line Largo (pedigree: durum wheat “Langdon” × Aegilops tauschii PI 268210) was found to have resistance to a broad spectrum of Pgt races including the Ug99 race group. To identify the stem rust resistance (Sr) genes, we genotyped a population of 188 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between the susceptible wheat line ND495 and Largo using the wheat Infinium 90 K SNP iSelect array and evaluated the population for seedling resistance to the Pgt races TTKSK, TRTTF, and TTTTF in the greenhouse conditions. Based on genetic linkage analysis using the marker and rust data, we identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) with effectiveness against different races. Three QTL on chromosome arms 6AL, 2BL, and 2BS corresponded to Sr genes Sr13c, Sr9e, and a likely new gene from Langdon, respectively. Two other QTL from PI 268210 on 2DS and 1DS were associated with a potentially new allele of Sr46 and a likely new Sr gene, respectively. In addition, Sr7a was identified as the underlying gene for the 4AL QTL from ND495. Knowledge of the Sr genes in Largo will help to design breeding experiments aimed to develop new stem rust-resistant wheat varieties. Largo and its derived lines are particularly useful for introducing two Ug99-effective genes Sr13c and Sr46 into modern bread wheat varieties. The 90 K SNP-based high-density map will be useful for identifying the other important genes in Largo.
Was Quashing the Maji-Maji Uprising Genocide? An Evaluation of Germany’s Conduct through the Lens of International Criminal Law
Authors: Bachmann Klaus , Kemp Gerhard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recently, political actors in Tanzania have demanded compensation from Germany for colonial atrocities against various ethnic and religious groups during the Maji-Maji uprising (1905–1907). By analyzing first-hand archival records from Germany and Tanzania, this article examines whether German actions constitute genocide according to the Genocide Convention or the International Criminal Tribunals’ jurisprudence. The authors find strong evidence to support a claim of genocide, and assess the viability of potential compensation claims against Germany; they conclude, however, that such claims would meet significant obstacles due to the concept of state immunity for sovereign actions under international customary law, as well as case law of the International Court of Justice.
Patient Reported Experiences at a Swedish National Burn Centre
Authors: Pompermaier Laura , Drake af Hagelsrum Emma , Ydenius Viktor , Sjöberg Folke , Steinvall Ingrid , Elmasry Moustafa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that burn patients were satisfied with the received care. Satisfaction was not strongly associated to burns or to psycho-social characteristics, suggesting that other factors, related to burn care specific aspects, may be important. The aim of this study was to analyze the independent effect of provided workload on the general satisfaction in adult patients at a Swedish national Burn Centre. The study population (n = 122) included patients ≥18 years, treated at the Linköping Burn Centre between 2016 and 2017. Experienced burn care was evaluated with the PS-RESKA survey (score range: 0–4), and provided workload was scored with the Burn Scoring System (BSC). Groups were compared with χ 2 test, MW test, or Fisher´s exact test. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the independent effect of BSC on the outcome High Satisfaction (= score ≥3 to the survey-question: “How would you score your global experience at the Burn Centre?”). In-patients (n = 60) had more often larger burns and required more workload than out-patients (median[IQR]: TBSA% = 6.3 [3–12.3] % vs. 0.7 [0.3–2] %, p &lt; .001; BSC = 65 [25.5–135.5] vs. 6 [4–9], p &lt; .001). Both groups were highly satisfied with the experienced care (mean score [SD] = 3.68 [0.57] vs. 3.41 [0.77], p = .03). Neither characteristics of the patients (age, sex), nor TBSA% nor provided workload (BSC) were independently associated with High Satisfaction. Regardless of burn severity, demographics and provided workload, adult patients with burns were highly satisfied with the experienced burn care. This finding suggested that the reason of the satisfaction was multifactorial.
Association Between Perineal Burns Injury and In-hospital Mortality: A Retrospective Observational Study from the Nation-Wide Burn Registry in Japan
Authors: Hoshino Tetsuya , Enomoto Yuki , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although perineal burn injury is included in the burn center referral criteria for Advanced Burn Life Support, clinical evidence that perineal burn injury increases mortality risk is limited, especially from Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate whether perineal burns affect in-hospital mortality. Using data from the nation-wide burn registry collected from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2019, we retrospectively identified 10,179 hospitalized burn patients over 16 years of age. The in-hospital mortality rate between the patients with perineal burn and those with other burns was compared, and the adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality was determined with multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for age, gender, mechanism of burn injury, year of admission, total burn surface area, inhalation injury, hand injury, and transfers from another hospital. One thousand one hundred forty-nine patients with perineal burn were enrolled, and the in-hospital mortality of this group was higher than that of the group of patients with other types of burns (46 vs 5.2%, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis found that the presence of perineal burns is associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.11 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.64–2.71]; P &lt; 0.001). Our data, as evidence, certified the referral criteria that perineal burn injury is associated with higher in-hospital mortality in Japan.
RX J0123.4-7321 – the story continues: major circumstellar disc loss and recovery
Authors: Coe M J , Udalski A , Kennea J A , Evans P A 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
RX J0123.4-7321 is a well-established Be star X-ray binary system in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Like many such systems, the variable X-ray emission is driven by the underlying behaviour of the mass donor Be star. Previous work has shown that the optical and X-ray were characterized by regular outbursts at the proposed binary period of 119 d. However, around 2008 February the optical behaviour changed substantially, with the previously regular optical outbursts ending. Reported here are new optical (OGLE) and X-ray (Swift) observations covering the period after 2008 that suggest an almost total circumstellar disc loss followed by a gradual recovery. This indicates the probable transition of a Be star to a B star, and back again. However, at the time of the most recent OGLE data (2020 March) the characteristic periodic outbursts had yet to return to their early state, indicating that the disc still had some re-building yet to complete.
Improved two-point correlation function estimates using glass-like distributions as a reference sample
Authors: Dávila-Kurbán Federico , Sánchez Ariel G , Lares Marcelo , Ruiz Andrés N 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
All estimators of the two-point correlation function are based on a random catalogue, a set of points with no intrinsic clustering following the selection function of a survey. High-accuracy estimates require the use of large random catalogues, which imply a high computational cost. We propose to replace the standard random catalogues by glass-like point distributions or glass catalogues whose power spectrum P(k) ∝ k4 exhibits significantly less power on scales larger than the mean interparticle separation than a Poisson distribution with the same number of points. We show that these distributions can be obtained by iteratively applying the technique of Zeldovich reconstruction commonly used in studies of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). We provide a modified version of the widely used Landy–Szalay estimator of the correlation function adapted to the use of glass catalogues and compare its performance with the results obtained using random samples. Our results show that glass-like samples do not add any bias with respect to the results obtained using Poisson distributions. On scales larger than the mean interparticle separation of the glass catalogues, the modified estimator leads to a significant reduction of the variance of the Legendre multipoles ξℓ(s) with respect to the standard Landy–Szalay results with the same number of points. The size of the glass catalogue required to achieve a given accuracy in the correlation function is significantly smaller than when using random samples. Their use could help us to drastically reduce the computational cost of configuration-space clustering analysis of future surveys while maintaining high-accuracy requirements.
Wilson–’t Hooft line operators as transfer matrices
Authors: Maruyoshi Kazunobu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We review the relation between half-BPS Wilson–’t Hooft line operators in ${\mathcal{N}}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories on the twisted space-time $S^1 \times_\epsilon \mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}$ and the transfer matrices constructed from the trigonometric L-operators of an integrable system.
Background and concurrent factors predicting non-adherence to public health preventive measures during the chronic phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pollak Yehuda , Shoham Rachel , Dayan Haym , Gabrieli-Seri Ortal , Berger Itai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine factors that predict non-adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19 during the chronic phase of the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional, general population survey was conducted in Israel. Sociodemographic, health-related, behavioral and COVID-19-related characteristics were collected.ResultsAmong 2055 participants, non-adherence was associated with male gender, young age, bachelorhood, being employed, lower decrease in income, low physical activity, psychological distress, ADHD symptoms, past risk-taking and anti-social behavior, low pro-sociality, perceived social norms favoring non-adherence, low perceived risk of COVID-19, low perceived efficacy of the preventive measures, and high perceived costs of adherence to the preventive measures.ConclusionThere appears to be a need for setting out and communicating preventive measures to specifically targeted at-risk populations.
Why Christian Nursing Education?
Authors: Goree Kristen J. , Rieg Linda S. , Hobus Mary E. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT:
Christian nurse educators have answered the sacred calling to teach the practice of nursing as ministry. This collection of reflections by three nurse educators provides insight on the meaning and purpose of Christian nursing education. The themes of leading like Jesus, integrating faith and care, and relying on Christ as our source of strength to serve out our calling as nurses are explored.
The Optimal Maturation of Subcutaneous Pouch Can Improve Pancreatic Islets Engraftment in Rat Model
Authors: Patikova Alzbeta , Vojtiskova Alzbeta , Fabryova Eva , Kosinova Lucie , Heribanova Andrea , Sticova Eva , Berkova Zuzana , Hladikova Zuzana , Kriz Jan 
Published: June 2021

Background.
Transplantation of pancreatic islets into subcutaneous cavities in diabetic rats may be as or even more effective than transplantation into the portal vein. Identifying the optimal timing of the individual steps in this procedure is critical.

Methods.
Macroporous scaffolds were placed in the subcutaneous tissue of diabetic male Lewis rats for 7 or 28 d and the healing of the tissue inside the scaffolds was monitored. A marginal syngeneic graft comprising 4 islets/g of recipient body weight was transplanted at the best timing focusing mainly on vascularization. Recipients were monitored for blood glucose levels and tolerance tests. Histological examination was performed in all implanted scaffolds. The presence of individual endocrine cells was analyzed in detail.

Results.
Blood glucose levels remained within the physiological range in all recipients until the end of experiment as well as body weight increase. Coefficients of glucose assimilation were normal or slightly reduced with no statistically significant differences between the groups 40 and 80 d after transplantation. Histological analysis revealed round viable islets in the liver similar to those in pancreas, but alpha cells practically disappeared, whereas islets in the scaffolds formed clusters of cells surrounded by rich vascular network and the alpha cells remained partially preserved.

Conclusions.
Subcutaneous transplantation of pancreatic islets is considerably less invasive but comparably efficient as commonly used islet transplantation into the portal vein. In consideration of alpha and beta cell ratio, the artificial subcutaneous cavities represent a promising site for future islet transplantation therapy.