bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disclosure of Ground‐State Zimmerman‐Möbius Aromaticity in the Radical Anion of [6]Helicene and Evidence for 4π Periodic Aromatic Ring Currents in a Molecular “Metallic” Möbius Strip
Authors: Mauksch Michael , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 1966, Zimmerman proposed a type of Möbius aromaticity that involves through‐space electron delocalization; it has since been widely applied to explain reactivity in pericyclic reactions, but is considered to be limited to transition‐state structures. Although the easily accessible hexahelicene radical anion has been known for more than half a century, it was overlooked that it exhibits a ground‐state minimum and robust Zimmerman‐Möbius aromaticity in its central noose‐like opening, becoming, hence, the oldest existing Möbius aromatic system and with smallest Möbius cycle known. Despite its overall aromatic stabilization energy of 13.6 kcal mol−1 (at B3LYP/6‐311+G**), the radical also features a strong, globally induced paramagnetic ring current along its outer edge. Exclusive global paramagnetic currents can also be found in other fully delocalized radical anions of 4N+2 π‐electron aromatic polycyclic benzenoid hydrocarbons (PAH), thus questioning the established magnetic criterion of antiaromaticity. As an example of a PAH with nontrivial topology, we studied a novel Möbius[16]cyclacene that has a non‐orientable surface manifold and a stable closed‐shell singlet ground state at several density functional theory levels. Its metallic monoanion radical (0.0095 eV band gap at HSE06/6‐31G* level) is also wave‐function stable and displays an unusual 4π‐periodic, magnetically induced ring current (reminiscent of the transformation behaviour of spinors under spatial rotation), thus indicating the existence of a new, Hückel‐rule‐evading type of aromaticity.
Alkene Synthesis by Photo‐Wolff‐Kischner Reaction of Sulfur Ylides andN‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Gao Pan‐Pan , Yan Dong‐Mei , Bi Ming‐Hang , Jiang Min , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA visible‐light‐driven and room temperature photo‐Wolff‐Kischner reaction of sulfur ylides and N‐tosylhydrazones has been developed for the first time to provide modular access to alkene synthesis. The high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope were demonstrated by more than 60 examples. Both E‐ and Z‐olefinic stereochemistry in the products could be controlled with excellent stereoselectivity. A series of mechanistic studies support that the reaction should proceed through a radical‐carbanion crossover pathway, specifically involving addition of photo‐generated sulfur ylide radical cations to N‐tosylhydrazones to form carbanions and subsequent Wolff‐Kischner process.
Defect Luminescence Based Persistent Phosphors—From Controlled Synthesis to Bioapplications
Authors: Ji Cailing , Tan Jie , Yuan Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPersistent luminescence is an optical phenomenon where solid phosphors can store photoenergy in defects and release the energy by luminescence after stopping excitation. Due to the intriguing optical characteristics, the defect luminescence based persistent phosphors have attracted enormous attention in recent decades, especially in biomedical fields such as biosensing and bioimaging. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) can effectively avoid the autofluorescence interference from complex samples or tissues, leading to significantly improved sensitivity in biological analysis. In this review, we summarized the methods to control the optical performance of PLNPs from the perspectives of controlled synthesis and defect regulation, and emphasized the close relationship between their optical performance and applications. We further provided a summary about a series of PLNPs nanoprobes designed by our group for biosensing and bioimaging. Our efforts, summarized in this review, will not only open a window for manipulating luminescence in PLNPs, but also further promote the application of PLNPs in biomedicine.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Synthesis and bioapplications of persistent phosphors.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got into chemistry related to biomedicine during my graduate student period. The research situation of luminescent nanomaterials in China has a strong effect on me, inspiring me to pursuit new luminescent nanomaterials and their applications.We need have interest and concentrate on our research with passion. We are encouraged to work hard.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity and hard‐working.What are your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?Shopping and reading books. My favorite books are novels, such as “The Three‐Body Problem”.How do you keep balance between research and family?I have two boys and it takes me much time to take care of them. I need to elevate my work efficiency and work hard. I also buy household service to save time.Who influences you mostly in your life?My father. He loves reading and writing. I know one need to have passion on something under my father's influence.
c‐MYC and p53 expression highlight starry‐sky pattern as a favourable prognostic feature in R‐CHOP‐treated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Bouroumeau Antonin , Bussot Lucile , Bonnefoix Thierry , Fournier Cyril , Chapusot Caroline , Casasnovas Olivier , Martin Laurent , McLeer Anne , Col Edwige , David‐Boudet Laurence , Lefebvre Christine , Algrin Caroline , Raskovalova Tatiana , Jacob Marie‐Christine , Vettier Claire , Chevalier Simon , Callanan Mary B , Gressin Rémy , Emadali Anouk , Sartelet Hervé 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous entity, in which the first‐line treatment currently consists of an immuno‐chemotherapy regimen (R‐CHOP). However, around 30% of patients will not respond or will relapse. Overexpression of c‐MYC or p53 is frequently found in DLBCL, but an association with prognosis remains controversial, as for other biomarkers previously linked with DLBCL aggressivity (CD5, CD23, or BCL2). The aim of this study was to explore the expression of these biomarkers and their correlation with outcome, clinical, or pathological features in a DLBCL cohort. Immunohistochemical (c‐MYC, p53, BCL2, CD5, and CD23), morphological (‘starry‐sky’ pattern [SSP]), targeted gene panel sequencing by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), and fluorescence in situ hybridisation analyses were performed on tissue microarray blocks for a retrospective cohort of 94 R‐CHOP‐treated de novo DLBCL. In univariate analyses, p53 overexpression (p53high) was associated with unfavourable outcome (p = 0.04) and with c‐MYC overexpression (p = 0.01), whereas c‐MYC overexpression was linked with an SSP (p = 0.004), but only tended towards an inferior prognosis (p = 0.06). Presence of a starry‐sky morphology was found to be correlated with better survival in p53high DLBCL (p = 0.03) and/or c‐MYC‐positive DLBCL (p = 0.002). Furthermore, NGS data revealed that these three variables were associated with somatic mutations (PIM1, TNFRSF14, FOXO1, and B2M) involved in B‐cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and immune signalling. Taken together, these results show that the SSP pattern seems to be a protective factor in high‐risk DLBCL subgroups and highlight cell death as a built‐in failsafe mechanism to control tumour growth.
Person‐centered communication about weight and weight management: Focus group discussions in a diverse sample of women with nonmetastatic breast cancer and obesity
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , O’Hare Erin A. , Teal Randall , Stein Kathryn , Muss Hyman B. , Charlot Marjory 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundWomen with obesity are at higher risk for high‐grade and/or advanced‐stage breast cancer in comparison with women without obesity. Many women with a high body mass index (BMI) at breast cancer diagnosis experience further weight gain during and after treatment. This study investigated Black and White patient perspectives on conversations with their oncologists about weight and weight management.MethodsFocus groups using a virtual platform (Zoom) were conducted with women after primary treatment for stage I to III breast cancer who were 21 years or older and had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: 2 with Black women (n = 12) and 2 with White women (n = 14).ResultsParticipants asked that their oncologists be “transparent” about weight gain as a potential side effect of their cancer treatment and how excess weight might affect their prognosis and survival. They asked to be “seen as an individual” to facilitate both person‐centered and culturally appropriate conversations about behavioral changes needed for weight management. Participants urged clinicians to take the lead in initiating conversations about weight to underscore its importance in cancer care and survivorship. They welcomed actionable recommendations about nutrition and exercise from either the oncology clinician or a specialist. Participants offered specific suggestions on how clinicians could initiate weight‐related conversations, beginning with questions eliciting patients' perspectives on their weight and lifestyle.ConclusionsMany women with early‐stage breast cancer and obesity have concerns about weight and weight gain and urge their oncologists to use an active and personalized approach in recommending and supporting efforts at weight management.Lay Summary

Focus group discussions with Black and White women with early‐stage breast cancer and obesity have elicited patient perspectives on conversations with their oncologists about weight and weight management.

Many patients have concerns about weight and weight gain and urge their oncologists to use an active and personalized approach in recommending and supporting efforts at weight management.
A positive HPV test with positive p16/Ki‐67 double staining in self‐sampled vaginal material is an accurate tool to detect women at risk for cervical cancer
Authors: Lorenzi Noely P. C. , Termini Lara , Ferreira‐Filho Edson S. , Nunes Rafaella A. L. , Silva Gabriela A. F. , Lepique Ana P. , Longatto‐Filho Adhemar , Tacla Maricy , Baracat Edmund C. , Villa Luisa L. , Soares‐Júnior José M. 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe development of efficient strategies for managing high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)–positive women is a major challenge when human papillomavirus–based primary screening is being performed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of HR‐HPV testing based on self‐collection (SC) and HR‐HPV testing based on collection by a health professional (HP) and to assess the potential usefulness of HR‐HPV testing combined with testing with the biomarkers p16/Ki‐67, α‐mannosidase, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 232 women admitted for colposcopy because of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear. The collected material underwent liquid‐based cytology, HR‐HPV detection, and immunocytochemical testing (p16/Ki‐67, α‐mannosidase, and SOD2). The gold standard was the histopathological result; the positive reference was CIN2+.ResultsThe overall accuracy of HR‐HPV testing was 76.6%; the results for the SC group (78.1%) and the HP group (75.2%) were similar. The positive predictive values (HP, 76.5%; SC, 80.0%), the negative predictive values (HP, 66.7%; SC, 64.3%), the positive likelihood values (HP, 1.35; SC, 1.36), and the negative likelihood values (HP, 0.21; SC, 0.19) were also similar. p16/Ki‐67 showed higher sensitivity than the other 2 biomarkers: 78.1% versus 45.8% for α‐mannosidase and 44.5% for SOD2. The specificities of the biomarkers were equivalent: 71.4% for p16/Ki‐67, 77.8% for α‐mannosidase, and 71.2% for SOD2. In the HP group, accuracy also leaned more heavily toward the final score (using α‐mannosidase and SOD2) without statistical significance (80.8% vs 77.9%). The contrast with the SC group yielded the same level of accuracy.ConclusionsSC, when associated with testing with biomarkers, is as accurate as collection by HPs in the detection of women at risk for cervical cancer.
A numerical model for lithium plasma process in a hybrid microwave ion source
Authors: Cui Bujian , Peng Shixiang , Wu Wenbin , Ma Tenghao , Jiang Yaoxiang , Li Kai , Zhang Ailin , Sun Jiang , Zhang Jingfeng , Guo Zhiyu , Chen Jiaer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLithium ions are widely used in many scientific fields; in order to get these ions, it is necessary to study lithium plasma process thoroughly. Recently, a hybrid 7Li3+ ion source has been designed and tested at Peking University (PKU). To understand the lithium plasma behaviour inside the plasma chamber and to provide some guidelines for ion source optimization to generate 7Li3+, a numerical model based on the plasma equilibrium equations is developed in this work, which is helpful not only for our ion source, but also for understanding the physical process of lithium plasma from ECR ion sources with different frequencies. This model can describe the density and fraction of lithium ions in various system parameters. The dependences of the Li+, Li2+, and Li3+ ion density and fraction on electron temperature, gas pressure, microwave power, surface ionizer, and the magnetic field are investigated systematically.
Woody encroachment happens via intensification, not extensification, of species ranges in an African savanna
Authors: Zhou Yong , Tingley Morgan W. , Case Madelon F. , Coetsee Corli , Kiker Gregory A. , Scholtz Rheinhardt , Venter Freek J. , Staver A. Carla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWidespread woody encroachment is a prominent concern for savanna systems as it is often accompanied by losses in productivity and biodiversity. Extensive ecosystem‐level work has advanced our understanding of its causes and consequences. However, there is still debate over whether local management can override regional and global drivers of woody encroachment, and it remains largely unknown how encroachment influences woody community assemblages. Here, we examined species‐level changes in woody plant distributions and size structure from the late 1980s to the late 2000s based on spatially intensive ground‐based surveys across Kruger National Park, South Africa. This study region spans broad gradients in rainfall, soil texture, fire frequency, elephant density, and other topographic variables. Species‐level changes in frequency of occurrence and size class proportion reflected widespread woody encroachment primarily byDichrostachys cinereaandCombretum apiculatum, and a loss of large trees mostly ofSclerocarya birreaandAcacia nigrescens. Environmental variables determining woody species distributions across Kruger varied among species but did not change substantially between two sampling times, indicating that woody encroachers were thickening within their existing ranges. Overall, more areas across Kruger were found to have an increased number of common woody species through time, which indicated an increase in stem density. These areas were generally associated with decreasing fire frequency and rainfall but increasing elephant density. Our results suggest that woody encroachment is a widespread but highly variable trend across landscapes in Kruger National Park and potentially reflects an erosion of local heterogeneity in woody community assemblages. Many savanna managers, including in Kruger, aim to manage for heterogeneity in order to promote biodiversity, where homogenization of vegetation structure counters this specific goal. Increasing fire frequency has some potential as a local intervention. However, many common species increased in commonness even under near‐constant disturbance conditions, which likely limits the potential for managing woody encroachment in the face of drivers beyond the scope of local control. Regular field sampling coupled with targeted fire management will enable more accurate monitoring of the rate of encroachment intensification.
Habitat‐linked genetic structure for white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys): Local factors shape population genetic structure
Authors: Welke Catherine A. , Graham Brendan , Conover Ross R. , Rivers James W. , Burg Theresa M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEcological, environmental, and geographic factors all influence genetic structure. Species with broad distributions are ideal systems because they cover a range of ecological and environmental conditions allowing us to test which components predict genetic structure. This study presents a novel, broad geographic approach using molecular markers, morphology, and habitat modeling to investigate rangewide and local barriers causing contemporary genetic differentiation within the geographical range of three white‐crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) subspecies: Z. l. gambelii, Z. l. oriantha, and Z. l. pugetensis. Three types of genetic markers showed geographic distance between sampling sites, elevation, and ecosystem type are key factors contributing to population genetic structure. Microsatellite markers revealed white‐crowned sparrows do not group by subspecies, but instead indicated four groupings at a rangewide scale and two groupings based on coniferous and deciduous ecosystems at a local scale. Our analyses of morphological variation also revealed habitat differences; sparrows from deciduous ecosystems are larger than individuals from coniferous ecosystems based on principal component analyses. Habitat modeling showed isolation by distance was prevalent in describing genetic structure, but isolation by resistance also had a small but significant influence. Not only do these findings have implications concerning the accuracy of subspecies delineations, they also highlight the critical role of local factors such as habitat in shaping contemporary population genetic structure of species with high dispersal ability.
Parasites rather than phoronts:Teratorhabditis synpapillatanematodes reduce lifespan of theirRhynchophorus ferrugineushost in a life stage‐dependent manner
Authors: Ibrahim Manel , Loulou Ameni , Brouk Anissa , Muller Arthur , Machado Ricardo A. R. , Kallel Sadreddine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRhynchophorus ferrugineusOlivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) red palm weevils are often reported in association with different organisms including nematodes. The significance of this interaction and whether nematodes can influence their life‐history traits is unclear. We collectedRhynchophorus ferrugineusred palm weevils at different developmental stages and locations in Tunisia, observed and dissected them in search for nematodes and other interacting organisms, established laboratory colonies and identified the nematodes associated with them, and conducted nematode–insect interaction assays to determine the capacity of the nematodes to influence their life‐history traits. We observedBeauveria bassianafungi in larvae, nymph, and adults;CentrouropodaandUroobovellaacari associated with the adults, andTeratorhabditis synpapillatanematodes associated with larvae and adults. Nematode–insect interaction bioassays revealed thatT.synpapillatanematodes reduce the lifespan of the insect larvae in a population‐dependent manner, but do not influence the lifespan of adults. Our study uncovers an important factor that may determine population dynamics of this important palm pests and provides evidence to conclude that these organisms establish a parasitic relationship, rather than a phoretic relationship.
Infection prevalence and density of a pathogenic trematode parasite decrease with stream order along a river continuum
Authors: Falke Landon P. , Preston Daniel L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn lotic ecosystems, the River Continuum Concept (RCC) provides a framework for understanding changes in environmental factors and free‐living communities, yet how parasite populations shift along river continua remains less clear. We quantified infections by a pathogenic trematode parasite (Nanophyetus salmincola) in >14,000 host snails across 130 stream reaches spanning 165 km in the Willamette River Basin in western Oregon, USA. Environmental factors—including flow volume, temperature, benthic algae, canopy cover, woody debris, and land cover—changed predictably with stream order, consistent with the RCC. From first‐ to eighth‐order reaches, infection prevalence decreased by ˜42‐fold and infected snail density, a measure of disease risk to fish hosts, decreased ˜3‐fold. Infected snail density, but not prevalence, was positively associated with snail biomass density, and individual infection probability increased strongly with host size. Shifts in snail population characteristics across stream orders, however, did not explain the observed changes in N. salmincola populations, suggesting that environmental variables and corresponding changes in non‐snail hosts explain the downstream decrease in infections. Our findings show predictable spatial variation in disease risk to vertebrate hosts from N. salmincola and indicate the RCC can help explain shifts in parasite populations in lotic ecosystems.
Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) detection by infrared flukeprints from aerial survey imagery
Authors: Florko Katie R. N. , Carlyle Cody G. , Young Brent G. , Yurkowski David J. , Michel Christine , Ferguson Steven H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVisual and observer aerial surveys are important for monitoring wildlife populations but are subject to visibility biases where animals may go undetected. The use of infrared technology in aerial surveys has the potential to reduce visibility biases, both when recording data and in the retrospective processing of the footage, and thus complements visible wavelength photography. We used infrared video during marine mammal surveys in the high‐Arctic and indirectly detected narwhal (Monodon monoceros) via their thermal flukeprints (i.e., thermo‐stratified water mixing from fluke strokes). This novel indicator persisted for a longer duration than when the animal was at the water's surface, which likely improved the probability of an animal being observed by increasing the duration of its detectability. Using infrared to complement aerial photographic surveys may assist in monitoring whales, especially in remote areas. Our results highlight how infrared technology may be used to develop automatic detection and remote‐monitoring methodology.