bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a “successfully treated stable periodontitis patient status” on patient‐related outcome parameters during long‐term supportive periodontal care
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Pandis Nikolaos , Stopfer Nikolaus , Haririan Hady , Bruckmann Corinna , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the importance of achieving a successfully treated stable periodontitis patient status (PPS) during long‐term supportive periodontal care (SPC).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 100 periodontitis patients, who continued for ≥7.5 years after active periodontal treatment with SPC and were judged as overall adherent. The effect of various predictors on three patient‐related outcome parameters was assessed: (1) number of diseased teeth at last SPC, (2) number of teeth lost due to periodontitis, and (3) number of teeth lost due to any reason.ResultsOne‐fifth of the patients were classified as stable after active periodontal treatment. After a mean follow‐up of 10.77 years, 24 patients lost 38 teeth due to periodontitis. An unstable PPS and a higher number of diseased teeth per patient at first SPC, and inadequate oral hygiene levels over time, significantly increased the risk for a higher number of diseased teeth per patient at last SPC and for more lost teeth due to periodontitis. However, high adherence to SPC appeared to mitigate the negative effect of an unstable PPS, especially regarding tooth loss due to periodontitis. Further, tooth loss due to any reason was about 3 times higher than tooth loss due to periodontitis and was affected by a larger number of predictors.ConclusionsSuccessfully treated patients with a stable PPS maintained a small number of diseased teeth and barely lost any teeth during long‐term SPC compared to patients who did not achieve a stable PPS after active periodontal therapy.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ren Shuai , Cai Pengpeng , Liu Yaqian , Wang Tianpei , Zhang Yan , Li Qian , Gu Yuanliang , Wei Liqin , Yan Caiwang , Jin Guangfu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection rates have been changing with different populations and geographic areas. We systematically evaluated the longitudinal trends in H. pylori prevalence in China over the past decades.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of literature reporting the prevalence of H. pylori infection in mainland China from 1990 to 2019 in the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. We conducted a meta‐analysis of qualified studies using a random effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI).ResultsA total of 412 eligible studies with 1 377 349 subjects were included. The pooled H. pylori prevalence was 44.2% (95%CI: 43.0–45.5%) in mainland China, with an estimated 589 million individuals infected with H. pylori. The prevalence was relatively high in the Northwest (51.8%, 95%CI: 47.5–56.1%), East (47.7%, 95%CI: 45.4–50.0%), and Southwest China (46.6%, 95%CI: 42.1–51.1%). The prevalence significantly decreased from 58.3% (95%CI: 50.7–65.5%) in the period 1983–1994 to 40.0% (95%CI: 38.2–41.8%) in the period 2015–2019. The prevalence increased with age, ranging from 28.0% (95%CI: 23.9–32.5%) in children and adolescents to 46.1% (95%CI: 44.5–47.6%) in adults.ConclusionAlthough the burden of H. pylori infections is still huge in China, the infection rate has been decreasing over the past decades. Targeted H. pylori eradication strategies may be considered in areas or populations with a high incidence of gastric cancer.
Anomalies and the Expected Market Return
Authors: DONG XI , LI YAN , RAPACH DAVID E. , ZHOU GUOFU 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTWe provide the first systematic evidence on the link between long‐short anomaly portfolio returns—a cornerstone of the cross‐sectional literature—and the time‐series predictability of the aggregate market excess return. Using 100 representative anomalies from the literature, we employ a variety of shrinkage techniques (including machine learning, forecast combination, and dimension reduction) to efficiently extract predictive signals in a high‐dimensional setting. We find that long‐short anomaly portfolio returns evince statistically and economically significant out‐of‐sample predictive ability for the market excess return. The predictive ability of anomaly portfolio returns appears to stem from asymmetric limits of arbitrage and overpricing correction persistence.
Usefulness of deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies in diagnosing coeliac disease in children younger than 3 years old
Authors: Hill Madison , Watkins Runa , Leonard‐Puppa Elaine , Waddell Jaylyn , Blanchard Samra , Kader Howard 
Published: December 2021

AimThe standard serological test to screen for coeliac disease (CD) is tissue transglutaminase (tTG) but some experts recommend including deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibodies for children younger than 3 years old. This study evaluated the utility of DGP‐immunoglobulin A (IgA) and DGP‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) serologies when screening children younger than 3 years old for CD.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted including children 3 years old and under, who had DGP and/or tTG serologies along with duodenal biopsies during their initial diagnostic evaluation. Serology results were compared to the gold‐standard histopathology by χ2 to determine the significance of including DGP‐IgG/IgA serologies when screening for CD in this age group.ResultsWe identified 478 patients, 52 who were younger than 3 years old, 43 of whom met inclusion criteria. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the DGP‐IgA test was 91.7% whereas, DGP‐IgG was 77.8%. When DGP serology was examined in conjunction with tTG‐IgA, the PPV with DGP‐IgA was 90.9% and with DGP‐IgG was 87.5%.ConclusionsIn isolation, DGP‐IgA provides a high PPV and specificity for CD in children younger than 3 years old, whereas DGP‐IgG had a much lower PPV in this age group. When used alone or in conjunction with tTG‐IgA, the DGP‐IgA test results in a high PPV of 91.7 and 90.9%, respectively. Based on our study, we recommend obtaining both the DGP‐IgA and the tTG‐IgA serology when screening infants and children younger than 3 years old for coeliac disease.
Soy isoflavones supplementation improves reproductive performance and serum antioxidant status of sows and the growth performance of their offspring
Authors: Li Desheng , Dang De Xin , Xu Shengyu , Tian Yumin , Wu De , Su Yuhong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA total of 60 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, average parity was 1.39) were used to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones (ISO) supplementation on reproductive performance, serum antioxidant enzyme parameters, and milk compositions of sows, and the growth performance of offspring. Sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups based on the parity. There were 15 replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments were based on a corn‐soybean meal‐based basal diet and supplemented with 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg ISO. With the increase of the ISO dosage, average daily feed intake of sows increased linearly; oestrus interval decreased linearly and quadratically. In addition, on day 10 of lactation, linear increases in serum superoxide dismutase levels, linear and quadratic increases in serum total antioxidant capacity, and linear decreases in serum malondialdehyde levels were observed in increasing ISO dosage in the diet of sows. The body weight on day 10 and 21 and the average daily gain during days 3–10 and 3–21 of offspring increased linearly at graduated doses of ISO increased. Therefore, feeding sows with graded levels of ISO containing diet during late‐gestation and lactation periods improved the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of their offspring in a dose‐dependent manner.
Women's law-making and contestations of “marriage” in African conflict situations
Authors: Bunting Annie , Tasker Heather , Lockhart Emily 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInternational criminal law has developed significantly over the past 20 years since the establishment of the ad hoc Tribunals and International Criminal Court. Much scholarly attention has focused on the politics and jurisprudence of these courts, with particular focus on the prosecution of sexual and gender-based violence. This article adds to the literature with comparative, qualitative research with survivors of conflict-related forced marriage in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, revealing context-specific understandings of marriage, consent and harm. We argue women exercise “tactic agency” in captivity in ways that are, taken together, “law-making” in their contestations over the socio-legal categories of marriage. Their contestations of marriage impact the norms within rebel groups as well as the development of new crimes against humanity in international criminal law. Building on the empirical findings, we argue that prosecution of crimes against humanity and reparation programs ought to be flexible and responsive enough to capture the varied experiences of women and girls abducted in war for purposes of sexual exploitation.
The Covid‐19 Pandemic and Iranian Health Diplomacy
Authors: Dolatabadi Ali Bagheri , Kamrava Mehran 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIran's foreign policy changed with the spread of Covid‐19 in three main ways. First, the pandemic propelled its health diplomacy into prominence. Second, the pandemic altered the customary view of the country's diplomacy. For more than four decades, Iran has regarded this diplomacy from the perspective of humanitarianism and ethics. But the pandemic imparted new object lessons. Third, the pandemic ushered Iran into a new era of cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO). Considering Iran's medical and other scientific achievements over the past three decades, it seems likely that pursuing this diplomacy can improve Iran's position in the WHO and enhance its prestige and influence within this and other international organizations, possibly easing the pressure of sanctions in the future.
Spatiotemporal changes in gibberellin content are required for soybean nodulation
Authors: Chu Xitong , Su Huanan , Hayashi Satomi , Gresshoff Peter M. , Ferguson Brett J. 
Published: December 2021

Summary

The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) is required at different stages of legume nodule development, with its spatiotemporal distribution tightly regulated. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses established that several key GA biosynthesis and catabolism enzyme encoding genes are critical to soybean (Glycine max) nodule formation.

We examined the expression of several GA oxidase genes and used a Förster resonance energy transfer‐based GA biosensor to determine the bioactive GA content of roots inoculated with DsRed‐labelled Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. We manipulated the level of GA by genetically disrupting the expression of GA oxidase genes. Moreover, exogenous treatment of soybean roots with GA3 induced the expression of key nodulation genes and altered infection thread and nodule phenotypes.

GmGA20ox1a, GmGA3ox1a, and GmGA2ox1a are upregulated in soybean roots inoculated with compatible B. diazoefficiens. GmGA20ox1a expression is predominately localized to the transient meristem of soybean nodules and coincides with the spatiotemporal distribution of bioactive GA occurring throughout nodule organogenesis. GmGA2ox1a exhibits a nodule vasculature‐specific expression pattern, whereas GmGA3ox1a can be detected throughout the nodule and root. Disruptions in the level of GA resulted in aberrant rhizobia infection and reduced nodule numbers.

Collectively, our results establish a central role for GAs in root hair infection by symbiotic rhizobia and in nodule organogenesis.
Genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone receptor gene on the risk of non‐syndromic mandibular prognathism in the Korean population
Authors: Park Hae Jeong , Ahn Sung Jea , Jang Jinung , Kim Su‐Jung , Park Young‐Guk , Kim Kyung‐A 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the association of three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene with mandibular prognathism (MP) and relationships between mandibular morphology and GHR gene SNPs in the Korean population.Materials and methodsA total of 325 subjects were divided into two groups based on sagittal maxillomandibular relationship by the lateral cephalography: the MP and control groups. From the SNPs in the GHR gene, three SNPs (rs6180, rs6182 and rs6184) were selected. SNP genotyping was performed using direct sequencing. The craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalography were analysed.ResultsWe found a lack of association between GHR and MP. However, in the analysis according to the values of cephalometric measurements, rs6180 was significantly associated with ANB, SNB, effective mandibular length and SNMP in females. Additionally, rs6182 and rs6184 were significantly associated with ramal height in males.ConclusionGrowth hormone receptor SNPs may affect not only the sagittal development of mandible but also the vertical development of ramal height, and GHR SNPs may gender‐differently influence mandibular morphology. This finding supports that the GHR might be susceptible on mandibular morphogenesis in the Korean population.
The associations of accommodation and aberrations in myopia control with orthokeratology
Authors: Ding Chenglu , Chen Yunyun , Li Xue , Huang Yingying , Chen Hao , Bao Jinhua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) on accommodative function and aberrations, to explore the correlations between them and determine what role they play in myopia control.MethodsIn this prospective case‐controlled study, 61 children were divided into an OK (n = 30) and a single‐vision spectacles (SVS) (n = 31) group. Accommodation and ocular wavefront aberrations in the OK group were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of OK wear, and again at 1 month after stopping OK (13th month). The same procedure was performed in the SVS group at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months. Axial length (AL), accommodative lag area and aberrations including spherical aberration (SA), coma and total higher‐order aberrations (HOAs) were analysed.ResultsDuring OK wear, the accommodative lag area at each visit was lower than the baseline level (all p < 0.01); all aberrations at each visit were higher than pre‐treatment (all p < 0.001). After 1 month of OK treatment, changes in accommodative lag area and SA did not show significant correlation (p = 0.16), but after OK cessation these changes were correlated (p = 0.01). In the OK group, multivariate regression analysis showed changes in accommodative lag area were associated with AL progression in the first 6 months but not in the 1‐year analysis. For the SVS group, there were no significant changes in the accommodative lag area or any aberrations during the study period.ConclusionsIncreased HOAs and improved accommodative accuracy were observed during OK treatment, but began to regress after the cessation of OK. A significant positive correlation between improved accommodative accuracy and slowed axial elongation was only observed during the first 6 months of treatment.
Effect of Duration of Symptoms on the Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Lumbar Microdiscectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hamawandi Sherwan A , Sulaiman Injam I , Abdulhameed Ali M 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesThe objective is to determine whether the preoperative duration of symptoms can affect the clinical and functional outcomes after microdiscectomy.MethodThis study is a single blind randomized controlled trial with level 1 evidence. From 3 January 2016 to 15 February 2017, 122 adult patients with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation were divided randomly by computer system into three groups were treated by microdiscectomy at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months from onset of symptoms respectively. Ninety‐seven patients, age (19–47) years, 42 males and 55 females, were analyzed at the end of this study with 3 years of follow up. Primary outcome measures are Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland‐Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for back pain and leg pain. Secondary outcome measures are post‐operative complications, length of hospital stay and time of return to daily activities.ResultsThere was significant difference in VAS for back pain among study groups (P = 0.002) at 2 weeks). There were significant differences in VAS for leg pain among study groups (P < 0.001) at 2 weeks and at 3 months (P = 0.003). There was significant difference in ODI among study groups at 2 weeks, 3, 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years (P = 0.037 at 2 weeks and P < 0.001 at other periods of assessments) and we found that the mean of ODI in group 6 weeks was better than group 3 months and this was better than group 6 months in all periods of assessment. Group 6 weeks was better than group 3 months and this was better than group 6 months in postoperative improvements regarding RMQ with significant difference at 2 weeks postoperatively (P < 0.001) and at 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.001).ConclusionDuration of preoperative symptoms, in patients with lumbar disc herniation, can affect the clinical and functional outcomes after lumbar microdiscectomy as the shorter duration of symptoms resulted in better postoperative clinical and functional outcomes.
Factors affecting disclosure time of sexual abuse in children and adolescents
Authors: Yurteri Nihal , Erdoğan Ayten , Büken Bora , Yektaş Çiğdem , Çelik Mehmet Saki 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting early and delayed disclosure time of child sexual abuse (CSA). Early disclosure of CSA is considered to be crucial for child protection.MethodsA total of 125 sexually abused children and adolescents, who had been evaluated by child adolescent psychiatry and forensic medicine specialists, were enrolled in this study. Files of medical and criminal data were analyzed retrospectively and synchronously by child adolescent psychiatrist and forensic medicine specialist authors who had evaluated victims using the standard procedures of Düzce University Faculty of Medicine Child Abuse Assessment Council. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate predictors.ResultsDelayed disclosers were found to be younger than early disclosers. Among the delayed disclosers, there were also more victims of intrafamilial CSA, fewer victims of penetration, and fewer voluntary disclosures. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that “younger age” and “intrafamilial CSA” were independent predictors of delayed disclosure of CSA.ConclusionsThe results of our study contribute to an understanding of the factors related to delayed disclosure and underline the need for age‐appropriate education and prevention programs targeted to increase the awareness of sexual abuse, particularly intrafamilial abuse, and to promote voluntary disclosure in children and adolescents, especially for younger age groups. The education of potential recipients of CSA and further education of professionals is extremely important in order to support children and adolescents’ voluntary disclosure of CSA.
Mitigating behavioral supply risk under dual sourcing: Evidence from an order allocation game
Authors: Xue Chao , Wu Yan (Diana) , Zhu Wanshan , Zhao Xiaobo , Chen Jinghuo 
Published: December 2021

We consider an order allocation game in which a manufacturer sources from two suppliers due to supply capacity limitations and allocates uneven orders to take advantage of incremental quantity discount. Laboratory experiments are conducted to examine empirical decisions by all three members in this dual sourcing channel. We observe that the supplier who receives large orders mostly agrees to supply; however, the supplier who receives small orders frequently refuses to supply. Consequently, the manufacturer experiences severe supply shortage, which hurts its profit and the supply chain efficiency. We develop behavioral models to explain the empirical decisions, and find that fairness concerns of the small‐order supplier cause supply rejections and shortages. To mitigate this behavioral supply risk, we apply the modeling results to design a subsidy mechanism and conduct a validation experiment. The experiment shows that the proposed subsidy mechanism successfully reduces supply rejections, and that the channel efficiency is significantly enhanced at no additional cost to the manufacturer. The study demonstrates the viability of the behavioral mechanism design approach in addressing issues in empirical decision‐making, and offers insights for manufacturers to manage asymmetric sourcing with two suppliers.
Shrimp immune response: A transcriptomic perspective
Authors: Fajardo Carlos , Martinez‐Rodriguez Gonzalo , Costas Benjamin , Mancera Juan Miguel , Fernandez‐Boo Sergio , Rodulfo Hectorina , De Donato Marcos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the last 15 years, a significant amount of data related to the crustacean immune system has been generated, mainly led by the advances made in the field of transcriptomic analysis through massive mRNA sequencing technology. In order to shed new light on the genes and metabolic pathways associated with the immune system in shrimp species, we have carried out a meta‐analysis using the current literature and the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which has 1195 published transcriptomic data sets until 31 December 2020, from different tissues and 14 Penaeus species. The transcriptomic analyses published so far have explored the effects of the challenge from viral and bacterial pathogens, as well as abiotic stressors, such as ammonia, temperature, salinity, oxygen deprivation and pH. They have also explored the effect of dietary factors and beneficial microbes (pre‐ and probiotics) in the immune response. In order to harness the vast amount of information available, multidisciplinary efforts have to generate better genomic tools to overcome the complexity of the genome and to implement the knowledge gained into commercial applications for the improvement of the culture conditions, adaptation of more sustainable feeds and producing strains showing more resilience/tolerance to diseases.
Pearson equations for discrete orthogonal polynomials: I. Generalized hypergeometric functions and Toda equations
Authors: Mañas Manuel , Fernández‐Irisarri Itsaso , González‐Hernández Omar F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Cholesky factorization of the moment matrix is applied to discrete orthogonal polynomials on the homogeneous lattice. In particular, semiclassical discrete orthogonal polynomials, which are built in terms of a discrete Pearson equation, are studied. The Laguerre–Freud structure semiinfinite matrix that models the shifts by ±1 in the independent variable of the set of orthogonal polynomials is introduced. In the semiclassical case it is proven that this Laguerre–Freud matrix is banded. From the well‐known fact that moments of the semiclassical weights are logarithmic derivatives of generalized hypergeometric functions, it is shown how the contiguous relations for these hypergeometric functions translate as symmetries for the corresponding moment matrix. It is found that the 3D Nijhoff–Capel discrete Toda lattice describes the corresponding contiguous shifts for the squared norms of the orthogonal polynomials. The continuous 1D Toda equation for these semiclassical discrete orthogonal polynomials is discussed and the compatibility equations are derived. It is also shown that the Kadomtesev–Petviashvilii equation is connected to an adequate deformed semiclassical discrete weight, but in this case, the deformation does not satisfy a Pearson equation.