bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing microenvironments promote incorporation of magnesium ions into authigenic carbonate forming at methane seeps: Constraints for dolomite formation
Authors: Lu Yang , Yang Xin , Lin Zhiyong , Sun Xiaoming , Yang Yiping , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn part composed of Mg calcite and dolomite with a nearly continuous spectrum of MgCO3 contents, carbonates forming at marine methane seeps are ideal candidates to study the formation of early diagenetic dolomite at surface conditions. Laboratory experiments, modelling and the co‐variation of mineralogical and geochemical attributes of seep carbonates suggest that sulphide – locally released from sulphate‐driven anaerobic oxidation of methane – drives catalytic dolomite formation at seeps. Direct comparison of the concentration of dissolved sulphide with the MgCO3 content of seep carbonate could test this hypothesis. Although the concentration of sulphide during precipitation of carbonate cannot be determined, sedimentary fabrics probably had an effect on local sulphide concentration. Carbonates from the seabed of the Shenhu seepage area of the South China Sea reveal longitudinal, winding and branched fabrics with a width of 400 to 700 μm, interpreted to represent burrows piercing semi‐consolidated sediment. The abandoned burrows were infilled with fine‐grained sediment, which was subsequently cemented by microcrystalline dolomite and Mg calcite. The degree of cation ordering of dolomite in burrow infills and host sediment is similar, indicating virtually coeval dolomite formation. The Mg/Ca mole ratios of carbonate minerals are lower in burrow infills than in the surrounding sedimentary matrix. Similarly, δ13Ccarbonate values tend to be higher for burrow infills (from −41 to −33‰) than for the matrix (from −43 to −38‰), suggesting stronger seawater influence on pore waters in the burrows. More reducing microenvironments of the sedimentary matrix supposedly came along with higher concentrations of dissolved sulphide, which allowed more Mg2+ ions to enter the crystal lattice and led to more catalytic dolomite formation in the host sediment. The distribution of MgCO3 contents and δ13C values in the authigenic Shenhu carbonates reinforces the hypothesis that sulphide release by sulphate‐driven anaerobic oxidation of methane is a key factor in the formation of dolomite at seeps.
Use of cast immobilisation versus removable brace in adults with an ankle fracture: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kearney Rebecca , McKeown Rebecca , Parsons Helen , Haque Aminul , Parsons Nick , Nwankwo Henry , Mason James , Underwood Martin , Redmond Anthony C , Brown Jaclyn , Kefford Siobhan , Costa Matthew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To assess function, quality of life, resource use, and complications in adults treated with plaster cast immobilisation versus a removable brace for ankle fracture.

Design
Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting
20 trauma units in the UK National Health Service.

Participants
669 adults aged 18 years and older with an acute ankle fracture suitable for cast immobilisation: 334 were randomised to a plaster cast and 335 to a removable brace.

Interventions
A below the knee cast was applied and ankle range of movement exercises started on cast removal. The removable brace was fitted, and ankle range of movement exercises were started immediately.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome was the Olerud Molander ankle score at 16 weeks, analysed by intention to treat. Secondary outcomes were Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire, disability rating index, quality of life, and complications at 6, 10, and 16 weeks.

Results
The mean age of participants was 46 years (SD 17 years) and 381 (57%) were women. 502 (75%) participants completed the study. No statistically significant difference was found in the Olerud Molander ankle score between the cast and removable brace groups at 16 weeks (favours brace: 1.8, 95% confidence interval −2.0 to 5.6). No clinically significant differences were found in the Olerud Molander ankle scores at other time points, in the secondary unadjusted, imputed, or per protocol analyses.

Conclusions
Traditional plaster casting was not found to be superior to functional bracing in adults with an ankle fracture. No statistically difference was found in the Olerud Molander ankle score between the trial arms at 16 weeks.

Trial registration

ISRCTN registry
ISRCTN15537280
.
Transport characteristics and predictors of mortality among neonates referred to a tertiary care centre in North India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Singh Jasbir , Dalal Poonam , Gathwala Geeta , Rohilla Ravi 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe paucity of specialised care in the peripheral areas of developing countries necessitates the referral of sick neonates to higher centres. Organised interhospital transport services provided by a skilled and well-equipped team can significantly improve the outcome. The present study evaluated the transport characteristics and predictors of mortality among neonates referred to a tertiary care centre in North India.DesignProspective observational study.SettingsTertiary care teaching hospital in North India.Patients1013 neonates referred from peripheral health units.Main outcome measuresMortality among referred neonates on admission to our centre.ResultsOf the 1013 enrolled neonates, 83% were transferred through national ambulance services, 13.7% through private hospital ambulances and 3.3% through personal vehicles. Major transfer indications were prematurity (35%), requirement for ventilation (32%), birth asphyxia (28%) and hyperbilirubinaemia (19%). Hypothermia (32.5%, 330 of 1013), shock (19%, 192 of 1013) and requirement for immediate cardiorespiratory support (ICRS) (10.4%, 106 of 1013) on arrival were the major complications observed during transfer. A total of 305 (30.1%, N=1013) deaths occurred. Of these, 52% (n=160) died within 24 hours of arrival. On multivariate logistic analysis, unsupervised pregnancy (<4 antenatal visits; p=0.037), antenatal complications (p<0.001), prematurity ≤30 weeks (p=0.005), shock (p=0.001), hypothermia (p<0.001), requirement for ICRS on arrival (p<0.001), birth asphyxia (p=0.004), travel time >2 hours (p=0.005) and absence of trained staff during transfer (p<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of mortality.ConclusionThe present study depicts high mortality among infants referred to our centre. Adequate training of peripheral health personnel and availability of pre-referral stabilisation and dedicated interhospital transport teams for sick neonate transfers may prove valuable interventions for improved outcomes.
Subsidy programme for gestational diabetes mellitus screening and lifestyle management in rural areas of western China: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xu Tingting , Lai Xiaozhen , He Kun , Ma Liangkun , Fang Hai 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become an increasing health problem among pregnant women in western rural China. Insufficient compliance and motivation due to economic factors is one of the major contributors to the currently low GDM screening and management rate. A subsidy program offering GDM screening and lifestyle management might be an effective way to increase pregnant women’s awareness of GDM, and further improve maternal and neonatal health in western rural China. This study had two primary purposes: (1) to examine whether the subsidy program would increase the screening and management rates of GDM and reduce adverse complications for mothers and new-born babies and (2) to evaluate whether the subsidy program is cost-effective from a societal perspective.Methods and analysisThis randomised controlled trial will include 3000 pregnant women (at 24–28 weeks of pregnancy) who will be followed up at six hospitals in the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan and Shaanxi in China. Pregnant women without overt diabetes, with a singleton pregnancy, with telephone access and with written informed consent will be invited. The intervention group will receive subsidies and standard care, and the control group will only receive usual antenatal care. The randomisation sequence will be stratified by study sites with balanced blocks of six patients. Data will be collected using self-report questionnaires and hospital records. Data will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcomes are the maternal and neonatal complications. Secondary outcomes are the mother’s cognition scores, screening rate, number of re-examinations, weight gain during pregnancy, changes in diet and exercise, and quality of life. Group comparisons will be conducted using χ2test for categorical variables, and t-test or the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test for continuous variables where applicable. Multiple logistic regression will also be performed for the primary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University Health Science Center. Findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, seminars and national and international conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800017488.
Internet-delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) for Adults with Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): A Study Protocol for a Randomized Feasibility Trial
Authors: Tur Cintia , Campos Daniel , Herrero Rocio , Mor Sonia , López-Montoyo Alba , Castilla Diana , Quero Soledad 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionGrief is an emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one with a natural recovery. Approximately 10% of people who lose a loved one develop prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Internet-based and computer-based interventions (ie, internet-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy, iCBT) are a cost-effective alternative that makes it possible to reach more people with PGD. The main aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a new iCBT—called GROw—for PGD. As a secondary objective, the potential effectiveness of GROw will be explored.Methods and analysisThis study is a two-arm feasibility randomised trial. A total of 48 adults with PGD who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomised to the experimental group (iCBT: GROw) or the active control group (face-to-face CBT treatment). The treatment is organised sequentially in eight modules in the iCBT format and 8–10 sessions in the face-to-face format, and both formats have the same therapeutic components. There will be five assessment points with qualitative and quantitative evaluations: screening, baseline, after the intervention, 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. Consistent with the objectives, the measures are related to the feasibility outcomes for the main aim of the study (participant adherence, expectations and satisfaction with the treatment, preferences, alliance and utility) and psychological and mental health outcomes for secondary analyses (symptoms of grief, symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, affectivity, quality of life, work and social adaptation, post-traumatic growth, purpose in life, mindfulness and compassion).Ethics and disseminationThe Ethics Committee of the Universitat Jaume I (Castellón, Spain) granted approval for the study (CD/002/2019). Dissemination will include publications and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04462146.
Prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with cardiovascular risk among the adult population in Burkina Faso: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Cisse Kadari , Samadoulougou Sékou , Ouedraogo Mady , Kouanda Seni , Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Fati 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity, its predictors and its association with cardiovascular risk among adults in Burkina Faso.DesignWe performed a secondary analysis of data from a national cross-sectional study, using WHO STEPwise approach.SettingThe study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in all the 13 regions of the country.ParticipantsOur study involved 4308 adults of both sexes, aged between 25 and 64 years.Primary and secondary outcomesOur primary outcome was abdominal obesity, which was defined using a cut-off point of waist circumference (WC) of ≥94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. The secondary outcome was very high WC (≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) (for whom weight management is required).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 38.5±11.1 years. The age-standardised prevalence of abdominal obesity was 22.5% (95% CI 21.3% to 23.7%). This prevalence was 35.9% (95% CI 33.9% to 37.9%) among women and 5.2% (95% CI 4.3% to 6.2%) among men. In urban areas, the age-standardised prevalence of abdominal obesity was 42.8% (95% CI 39.9% to 45.7%) and 17.0% (95% CI 15.7% to 18.2%) in rural areas. The age-standardised prevalence of very high WC was 10.2% (95% CI 9.3% to 11.1%). The main predictors of abdominal obesity were being female, increased age, married status, high level of education and living in urban areas. Abdominal obesity was also significantly associated with high blood pressure (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.30; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.47) and hypercholesterolaemia (aPR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.94). According to the combination matrix between body mass index and WC, 14.6% of the adult population in Burkina Faso had an increased cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionOur study showed a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and a high proportion of adults who require weight management strategies to prevent cardiometabolic complications. Strategies to reduce the burden of abdominal obesity and very high WC should be considered by Burkina Faso’s policy-makers.
Validation of the German Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D): cross-sectional validation study in urban and rural community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Mümken Sandra Angelika , Gellert Paul , Stollwerck Malte , O'Sullivan Julie Lorraine , Kiselev Joern 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo develop a German version of the original University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (LSA-D) for measurement of community mobility in older adults within the past 4 weeks and to evaluate its construct validity for urban and rural populations of older adults.DesignCross-sectional validation study.SettingTwo study centres in urban and rural German outpatient hospital settings.ParticipantsIn total, N=83 community-dwelling older adults were recruited (n=40 from urban and n=43 from rural areas; mean age was 78.5 years (SD=5.4); 49.4% men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe final version of the translated LSA-D was related to limitations in activities and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/iADL) as primary outcome measure (primary hypothesis); and with sociodemographic factors, functional mobility, self-rated health, balance confidence and history of falls as secondary outcome measures to obtain construct validity. Further descriptive measurements of health included hand grip strength, screening of cognitive function, comorbidities and use of transportation. To assess construct validity, correlations between LSA-D and the primary and secondary outcome measures were examined for the total sample, and urban and rural subsamples using bivariate regression and multiple adjusted regression models. Descriptive analyses of LSA-D included different scoring methods for each region. All parameters were estimated using non-parametric bootstrapping procedure.ResultsIn the multiple adjusted model for the total sample, number of ADL/iADL limitations (β=−0.26; 95% CI=−0.42 to −0.08), Timed Up and Go Test (β=−0.37; 95% CI=−0.68 to −0.14), shared living arrangements (β=0.22; 95% CI=0.01 to 0.44) and history of falls in the past 6 months (β=−0.22; 95% CI=−0.41 to −0.05) showed significant associations with the LSA-D composite score, while living in urban area (β=−0.19; 95% CI=−0.42 to 0.03) and male gender (β=0.15; 95% CI=−0.04 to 0.35) were not significant.ConclusionThe LSA-D is a valid tool for measuring life-space mobility in German community-dwelling older adults within the past 4 weeks in ambulant urban and rural settings.Trial registration numberDRKS00019023.
Sampling with probability proportional to prediction (3P sampling) using covariates derived from spherical images
Authors: Hsu Yung-Han , Kershaw John A. , Ducey Mark J. , Yang Ting-Ru , Wang Haozhou 
Published: July 2021

Using a two-phase sampling approach with systematic selection of large samples of covariates followed by a sampling with probability proportional to prediction (3P sampling) process to subsample field measures of the parameters of interest can be an efficient design to sample larger forest areas. To assist in obtaining predictions for each sample plot consistently and rapidly, we propose using a 360° spherical camera. In this study, three covariates derived from spherical images were evaluated: (i) basal area (P[BA]); (ii) sum of squared heights per hectare (P[SHT]); and (iii) stem fraction (P[SF]). These covariates were used to estimate volume. Sample simulations showed no biases in volume estimates for any of the three covariates. Overall, P[SF] had the lowest standard error percentages across different simulated sample sizes (10% for five subsamples to 2.5% for 50 subsamples), even though it had the lowest correlations with field volume (correlation = 0.30–0.31). This may be a result of the relatively consistent stand conditions within the study site. Based on our results, standard errors of 5% were obtainable with measurement fractions of about 25% of the number of image-based predictions when using P[SF] or P[BA] and 75% when using P[SHT].
Beyond the relaxation time approximation
Authors: Wilk Grzegorz , Włodarczyk Zbigniew 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe relaxation time approximation (RTA) is a well known method of describing the time evolution of a statistical ensemble by linking distributions of the variables of interest at different stages of their temporal evolution. We show that if all the distributions occurring in the RTA have the same functional form of a quasi-power Tsallis distribution the time evolution of which depends on the time evolution of its control parameter, nonextensivity q(t), then it is more convenient to consider only the time evolution of this control parameter.
Flow of online misinformation during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Authors: Caldarelli Guido , De Nicola Rocco , Petrocchi Marinella , Pratelli Manuel , Saracco Fabio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on every human activity and, because of the urgency of finding the proper responses to such an unprecedented emergency, it generated a diffused societal debate. The online version of this discussion was not exempted by the presence of misinformation campaigns, but, differently from what already witnessed in other debates, the COVID-19 -intentional or not- flow of false information put at severe risk the public health, possibly reducing the efficacy of government countermeasures. In this manuscript, we study theeffectiveimpact of misinformation in the Italian societal debate on Twitter during the pandemic, focusing on the various discursive communities. In order to extract such communities, we start by focusing on verified users, i.e., accounts whose identity is officially certified by Twitter. We start by considering each couple of verified users and count how many unverified ones interacted with both of them via tweets or retweets: if this number is statically significant, i.e. so great that it cannot be explained only by their activity on the online social network, we can consider the two verified accounts as similar and put a link connecting them in a monopartite network of verified users. The discursive communities can then be found by running a community detection algorithm on this network.We observe that, despite being a mostly scientific subject, the COVID-19 discussion shows a clear division in what results to be different political groups. We filter the network of retweets from random noise and check the presence of messages displaying URLs. By using the well known browser extension NewsGuard, we assess the trustworthiness of the most recurrent news sites, among those tweeted by the political groups. The impact of low reputable posts reaches the 22.1% in the right and center-right wing community and its contribution is even stronger in absolute numbers, due to the activity of this group: 96% of all non reputable URLs shared by political groups come from this community.
The momentum distribution of two bosons in one dimension with infinite contact repulsion in harmonic trap gets analytical
Authors: Bencheikh K. , Nieto L. M. , Ancarani L. U. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor a harmonically trapped system consisting of two bosons in one spatial dimension with infinite contact repulsion (hard core bosons), we derive an expression for the one-body density matrix $$\rho _\mathrm{B}$$

ρ
B

in terms of center of mass and relative coordinates of the particles. The deviation from $$\rho _\mathrm{F}$$

ρ
F

, the density matrix for the two fermions case, can be clearly identified. Moreover, the obtained $$\rho _\mathrm{B}$$

ρ
B

allows us to derive a closed form expression of the corresponding momentum distribution $$n_\mathrm{B}(p)$$

n
B

(
p
)

. We show how the result deviates from the noninteracting fermionic case, the deviation being associated with the short-range character of the interaction. Mathematically, our analytical momentum distribution is expressed in terms of one and two variables confluent hypergeometric functions. Our formula satisfies the correct normalization and possesses the expected behavior at zero momentum. It also exhibits the high momentum $$1/p^4 $$

1
/

p
4

tail with the appropriate Tan’s coefficient. Numerical results support our findings.
Notas sobre o conflito social hoje. A partir de dois seminários
Authors: Adorno Theodor , Jaerisch Ursula , Afshar Yasmin 
Published: July 2021

Tradução de “Anmerkungen zum sozialen Konflikt heute”. In: Adorno, T. W. Gesammelte Schriften, Band 8. Frankfurt a. M.: Suhrkamp, pp. 177-195.
Traduzido por Yasmin Afshar
Culture as a Fluid Interlocutor: Perspectives on Water Diplomacy from South Asia
Authors: Bisht Medha , Ahmed Syed Jamil 
Published: July 2021

Summary
This article articulates culture in the terrain of water diplomacy. Situating the ‘local’ turn in transboundary water discourse, we argue that dialogue should be made a distinct precursor to formal processes of negotiations in South Asia. Notions of ‘culture’ and ‘community’ are revisited to examine shared ground between social/cultural anthropology and diplomacy studies. The central proposition here is that the idea of transition from political community to water community highlights the potential of culture as a fluid interlocutor. Culture, we argue, can be a non-verbal communicator not only for constituting water communities but also for giving meaning to water flowing in transboundary rivers in holistic terms. Given that these holistic ways of knowing and understanding water are not alien to ‘South Asian perspectives’, culture is offered as a transformative dialogic technique which can help rewrite the notion of community in complex geopolitical settings such as that of South Asia.