bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthographic Support for Word Learning in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Clark Grace T. , Reuterskiöld Christina 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
A systematic review was performed to determine the extent to which orthographic facilitation, a strategy to improve word learning, has been demonstrated in the literature for children and adolescents from clinical categories such as developmental language disorders (DLD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Down syndrome, dyslexia, hearing impairment, intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy.

Method
Five databases were searched for all studies published through December 2019. Eligible studies included participants from a clinical population (DLD, ASD, dyslexia, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, hearing impairment, etc.) and compared word learning with and without orthography. Selected studies were extracted for pertinent information. In addition, assessment of the methodological rigor was performed for each study.

Results
The review yielded five studies that targeted word learning with orthographic facilitation for children from various clinical populations including DLD, verbal children with autism, Down syndrome, and dyslexia. All studied populations showed a benefit for word learning in picture naming posttests when words were trained in the presence of orthography.

Conclusions
For the studied populations, training words in the presence of orthography will improve word learning accuracy and retention. The review highlights the need for more research in this area across other clinical populations.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14632791
Fault diagnosis method based on multi‐source information fusion for weak interturn short circuit in synchronous condensers
Authors: Ma Minghan , He Pengkang , Li Yonggang , Li Hongshuo , Jiang Meng , Wu Yucai 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe interturn short circuit fault in rotor windings is a common fault in a synchronous condenser. Aiming at the early faults that are difficult to detect, the theory of multi‐source information fusion is applied herein for the identification of short circuit faults in the rotor windings of a synchronous condenser. Firstly, a field‐circuit‐network coupling model of a synchronous condenser for high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission was constructed using SIMULINK/ANSYS. The air gap magnetic flux density of the interturn short circuit regulator with a rotor winding was obtained, via co‐simulation, before and after the commutation failure in the HVDC inverter. Further, three‐dimensional models of the stator and rotor of the synchronous condenser were established using ANSYS/Workbench; the stator and rotor vibration responses of the synchronous condenser were monitored before and after the system commutation failure. Secondly, three types of evidence bodies were obtained based on the Dempster–Shafer evidence theory. The results show that the confidence level of the evidence body of each faulted component of the synchronous condenser increases, and the accuracy of fault recognition also increases upon system commutation failure. Finally, a three‐pair‐pole synchronous motor (MJF‐30‐6) was used to simulate the rated and overexcited operations of the synchronous condenser for experimental verification of the feasibility of the proposed method. This method provides a reference for the identification of weak interturn short circuit faults in synchronous condensers.
Key performance‐cost tradeoffs in smart electric vehicle charging with distributed generation
Authors: Heron John W. , Sun Hongjian , Alizadeh‐Mousavi Omid , Crossland Andrew 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGrowing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Distributed Generation (DG) is driving sharper peaks in demand and supply, which, if poorly managed, manifest as over‐ or undervoltage and disrupt grid service quality. Smart charging schemes reschedule EV charging load according to factors such as grid stability, price signals, etc. It remains unclear how to do this while meeting the diverging needs and expectations of multiple concerned participants. This paper proposes two smart charging schemes for secondary voltage control in the distribution network and analyses performance‐cost tradeoffs relating to key players in the Smart Grid. To support these schemes, a distributed communications architecture is designed that jointly minimises traffic burden, computation load and investment in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) hardware. Scheme I (Smart Curtailment), curtails load and DG for peak shaving. Scheme II (Smart Correction) optimises cost‐efficiency for subscribing users by maximising power transfer during off‐peak hours or when renewable energy is high. Performance of both schemes is consolidated statistically under almost 6 months of practical input profiles. Dramatic improvements in EV & DG capacity are demonstrated and key performance‐cost tradeoffs relating to Voltage Control, Peak Shaving, User Inconvenience, CO2 Emissions and ICT Deployment Cost are identified.
Multi-channel coronal hole detection with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Jarolim R. , Veronig A. M. , Hofmeister S. , Heinemann S. G. , Temmer M. , Podladchikova T. , Dissauer K. 
Published: May 2021

Context.A precise detection of the coronal hole boundary is of primary interest for a better understanding of the physics of coronal holes, their role in the solar cycle evolution, and space weather forecasting.Aims.We develop a reliable, fully automatic method for the detection of coronal holes that provides consistent full-disk segmentation maps over the full solar cycle and can perform in real-time.Methods.We use a convolutional neural network to identify the boundaries of coronal holes from the seven extreme ultraviolet (EUV) channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and from the line-of-sight magnetograms provided by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). For our primary model (Coronal Hole RecOgnition Neural Network Over multi-Spectral-data; CHRONNOS) we use a progressively growing network approach that allows for efficient training, provides detailed segmentation maps, and takes into account relations across the full solar disk.Results.We provide a thorough evaluation for performance, reliability, and consistency by comparing the model results to an independent manually curated test set. Our model shows good agreement to the manual labels with an intersection-over-union (IoU) of 0.63. From the total of 261 coronal holes with an area > 1.5 × 1010km2identified during the time-period from November 2010 to December 2016, 98.1% were correctly detected by our model. The evaluation over almost the full solar cycle no. 24 shows that our model provides reliable coronal hole detections independent of the level of solar activity. From a direct comparison over short timescales of days to weeks, we find that our model exceeds human performance in terms of consistency and reliability. In addition, we train our model to identify coronal holes from each channel separately and show that the neural network provides the best performance with the combined channel information, but that coronal hole segmentation maps can also be obtained from line-of-sight magnetograms alone.Conclusions.The proposed neural network provides a reliable data set for the study of solar-cycle dependencies and coronal-hole parameters. Given the fast and robust coronal hole segmentation, the algorithm is also highly suitable for real-time space weather applications.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Clinical Outcomes in the Early Postoperative Period after Full Endoscopic Diskectomy for Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Terai Tomoya , Chikawa Takashi , Henmi Tatsuhiko , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction This prospective case-control study aimed to establish the normal spectrum of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients whose symptoms resolve after full endoscopic diskectomy (FED). We examined the changes in postoperative MRI findings and their relation to early clinical symptoms.
Methods In total, 33 patients underwent FED under local anesthesia. Clinical assessments and MRI examinations were performed preoperatively and immediately (within 1 week) and late (at 3 and 12 months) postoperatively. Residual disk bulging after surgery was classified into four grades compared with preoperative MRI findings: none (grade A), <25% (grade B), 25–75% (grade C), and >75% (grade D).
Results MRI at postoperative week 1 showed grade B residual disk bulging in 9 patients, grade C residual disk bulging in 8 patients, and grade D residual disk bulging in 16 patients. Improvement was seen at postoperative month 3 (grade A in 18 patients, grade B in 10 patients, and grade C in 5 patients) and at postoperative month 12 (grade A in 29 patients, grade B in 3 patients, and grade C in 1 patient). Visual analog scale scores and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores showed significant differences at 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months after surgery.
Conclusion Postoperative MRI findings within 1 week of FED showed grade C or D residual disk material in 24 of 33 patients (73%). Clinical symptoms improved in the early postoperative period, even though residual disk bulging was present. Persisting residual bulging in the early stage following surgery may not correlate with clinical symptoms.
Perineurioma: A Rare Entity of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Brand Christine , Pedro Maria Teresa , Pala Andrej , Heinen Christian , Scheuerle Angelika , Braun Michael , Antoniadis Gregor 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Intraneural perineurioma is a rare tumor entity. It is a benign, very slow growing peripheral nerve sheath tumor that typically occurs in children and young adults. Motor deficits and muscle atrophy are classic presenting symptoms, while sensory deficits are rare at the onset of the disease. Recommended treatment strategies are lacking. We have evaluated the clinical follow-up and our experience with treatment of this rare entity.
Methods A total of 30 patients with intraneural perineuriomas were assessed retrospectively. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, diagnostic examinations, therapy strategies, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Descriptive statistical methods were used for evaluation.
Results The mean age was 22 years. Eleven women and 19 men were affected. The lesion occurred in the area of the upper extremity in 16 patients and in the area of the lower extremity in 14 patients. The most frequently affected nerve was the sciatic nerve, followed by the radial nerve. All patients showed a motor deficit to some extent. Seventy percent (n = 21) revealed atrophy, 43.3% (n = 13) had sensitive deficits, and 17% (n = 5) suffered of pain. Fascicle biopsies were performed in 26 patients (87%). In four patients (13%), the tumor was completely resected and then reconstructed via nerve grafts. Seventy percent of the patients (n = 21) received a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 5 years postoperatively, in which no progress was shown.
Conclusions To diagnose perineurioma, it is essential to take a biopsy of an enlarged, nonfunctional fascicle. Furthermore, a long-distance epineuriotomy to decompress the hypertrophic fascicle is reasonable. To preserve the nerves' residual function, a complete resection is not recommended. Results after grafting are poor. One reason for this might be residual tumor cells along the nerve that cannot be visualized. Malignant transformation is not yet reported and tumor growth is stable for years.
Collimation Reduces Radiation Exposure to the Surgeon in Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Erken H. Yener , Yilmaz Onur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and Study Aims There are no previous studies in the literature comparing the radiation dose to which surgeons are exposed while using a standard fluoroscopy versus collimation during transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD). The aim of this study is to compare this and to evaluate the effectiveness of collimation in reducing radiation exposure.
Methods In this study, the operating surgeon (single surgeon) placed a gamma radiation dosimeter on his chest outside of the lead apron during transforaminal PELD surgeries and measured the radiation exposure immediately after each surgery. As foraminoplasty using free-hand reamers is a longer procedure and requires more fluoroscopy shots, we divided the patients into two groups. The first group consisted of 24 patients (nonforaminoplasty group). The second group consisted of 13 patients (foraminoplasty group). We compared the radiation exposure to the operating surgeon using a standard fluoroscopy versus collimation for each group individually and overall. We randomized the patients within each group based on the order in which they had their respective procedures.
Results We analyzed 39 patients who underwent transforaminal PELD between May and December 2019. In both groups, as well as overall, the recorded radiation exposure to the surgeon was significantly lower in surgeries in which collimation was used. In the first group, the radiation dose was 0.083 versus 0.039 mSv per surgery (p = 0.019), whereas in the second group, it was 0.153 versus 0.041 mSv per surgery (p = 0.001), and overall it was 0.108 versus 0.039 mSv per surgery (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The use of collimation during transforaminal PELD significantly reduces spine the surgeon's exposure to radiation. Therefore, spine surgeons should consider using collimation during transforaminal PELD.
Trabecular Metal Augments for Treatment of Acetabular Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Mancino Fabio , Gu Alex , De Martino Ivan , Togninalli Danilo , Bostrom Mathias P. , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSevere acetabular bone defects during revision total hip arthroplasty are often treated with a hemispherical shell and highly porous modular metal augments. Several papers have been already published reporting on the clinical performance of trabecular metal (TM) augments combined with a hemispherical shell for the management of severe acetabular defects. However, no systematic review of the literature has been published to date. The U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications utilizing keywords pertinent to tantalum augments and TM (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) augments, revision THA, clinical outcomes, and complications associated with these procedures. Fifteen articles were found to be suitable for inclusion in the present study, which included 769 revision cases where acetabular augments were used. The majority of acetabular bone defects were type 3 according to the Paprosky classification (type 2A in 58 cases, 7.2%; type 2B in 139 cases, 17.2%; type 2C in 72 cases, 8.9%; type 3A in 360 cases, 44.7%; and type 3B in 177 cases, 22.0%). The overall revision rate for the 769 acetabular revisions with augments was 5.7% (46 cases) at mean mid-term follow-up. The most common reasons for revision were dislocation (3.3%), periprosthetic joint infection (2.9%), and aseptic loosening (2.7%). TM augments combined with hemispherical shells were found to be effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acetabular bone defects with a 5% acetabular component revision rate at mean mid-term follow-up. The literature did not delineate whether pelvic discontinuity was associated with a higher risk of aseptic loosening after TM augment. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of additional screw fixation on survival rates, and whether the type of augment (wedge augments, “flying buttress” augments, column augments), the configuration used, and the number of screws influence clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Investigating the Frequency of Infantile Colic in Children with Migraine
Authors: Beiraghi Toosi Mehran , Ghodsi Alireza , Sarabi Mehrdad , Ghahremani Sara , Fazeli Nasrin , Ghahremani Somayeh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInfantile colic is a common problem observed within the first 3 months of life in infants and is a common cause of crying among infants. Migraine is a common cause of recurrent primary headaches during childhood. The pathogenesis of migraine and colic has remained unknown, but various factors seem to be involved. Patients with migraine may have a medical history of infantile colic, and infantile colic is considered an early manifestation of migraine. In this study, we investigate the frequency of history of infantile colic in 6- to 14-year-old children with migraines. In this case–control study, 80 children with the diagnosis of migraine and 100 children without migraine, all within the age range of 6 to 14 years, were included. A checklist was completed for each person about the background information and history of infantile colic as well as the history of migraine in parents. Among the children with migraine, 92.5%, and in the control group, 10%, had a familial history of migraine. Also, among the children with migraine, 61.25%, and in the control group, 4%, had a history of infantile colic. The obtained results showed that the frequency of a history of infantile colic was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. This study provides some evidence regarding the presence of association between infantile colic as well as the familial history of migraines and developing migraines in the future. However, due to some limitations of the retrospective manner of the study, the results should be completed with future studies.
The Impact of Resistant Bacterial Pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia on Lung Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Mitchell Alicia B. , Glanville Allan R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPseudomonas and Burkholderia are gram-negative organisms that achieve colonization within the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are associated with accelerated pulmonary function decline. Multidrug resistance is a hallmark of these organisms, which makes eradication efforts difficult. Furthermore, the literature has outlined increased morbidity and mortality for lung transplant (LTx) recipients infected with these bacterial genera. Indeed, many treatment centers have considered Burkholderia cepacia infection an absolute contraindication to LTx. Ongoing research has delineated different species within the B. cepacia complex (BCC), with significantly varied morbidity and survival profiles. This review considers the current evidence for LTx outcomes between the different subspecies encompassed within these genera as well as prophylactic and management options. The availability of meta-genomic tools will make differentiation between species within these groups easier in the future, and will allow more evidence-based decisions to be made regarding suitability of candidates colonized with these resistant bacteria for LTx. This review suggests that based on the current evidence, not all species of BCC should be considered contraindications to LTx, going forward.
Acute Rejection in the Modern Lung Transplant Era
Authors: Renaud-Picard Benjamin , Koutsokera Angela , Cabanero Michael , Martinu Tereza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute cellular rejection (ACR) remains a common complication after lung transplantation. Mortality directly related to ACR is low and most patients respond to first-line immunosuppressive treatment. However, a subset of patients may develop refractory or recurrent ACR leading to an accelerated lung function decline and ultimately chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Infectious complications associated with the intensification of immunosuppression can also negatively impact long-term survival. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence on the mechanisms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ACR. We specifically focus on novel, promising biomarkers which are under investigation for their potential to improve the diagnostic performance of transbronchial biopsies. Finally, for each topic, we highlight current gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.
Observations of visible argon line emissions and its spatial profile from Aditya-U tokamak plasma
Authors: Shah K. , Ghosh J. , Shukla G. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Manchanda R. , Yadava N. , Ramaiya N. , Jadeja K. A. , Patel K. M. , Tanna R. L. , Mayya K. B. K. ,   Aditya-U team
Published: May 2021

The spectroscopic studies of medium and high Z impurities have been the subject of interest in fusion research due to their role in mitigating plasma disruption and reducing heat load on the plasma facing components. Line emissions from these impurities provide the rotation velocity and ion temperature measurements along with the understanding of the overall impurity behavior in plasma. In the Aditya-U tokamak, the spatially resolved Ar II line emissions have been observed using a high resolution multi-track spectroscopic diagnostic consisting of a 1 m Czerny–Turner spectrometer coupled with a charge coupled device (CCD) detector using seven lines of sight viewing plasma tangentially along the toroidal direction. The spatially resolved Ar II lines at 458.96 nm have been observed. The singly ionized Ar emission peaks at the radial location of ρ = 0.8 of the plasma having a minor radius of 25 cm. Moreover, a 0.5 m UV–visible spectrometer coupled with a CCD detector and having a line of sight passing through the plasma midplane from the radial port was used to record visible Ar survey spectra within the 670–810 nm wavelength range, and all these lines have been identified for further analysis.
Storytelling increases oxytocin and positive emotions and decreases cortisol and pain in hospitalized children
Authors: Brockington Guilherme , Gomes Moreira Ana Paula , Buso Maria Stephani , Gomes da Silva Sérgio , Altszyler Edgar , Fischer Ronald , Moll Jorge 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceStorytelling is a unique human skill, yet we know little about its physiological and psychological impact. This study provides evidence of the biomarker changes and beneficial effects of storytelling in children admitted to an intensive care unit. We found that, compared with an active control condition, one storytelling session with hospitalized children leads to an increase in oxytocin, a reduction in cortisol and pain, and positive emotional shifts during a free-association task. These multimodal findings support evolutionary theories of storytelling and demonstrate its physiological and psychological effects under naturalistic stress conditions. These important clinical implications affirm storytelling as a low-cost and humanized intervention that can improve the well-being of hospitalized children.
Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly).
Authors: Vogt Heidrun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

R. cingulata (listed on EPPO A2 list) is a severe pest of cherries. It is closely connected to its host plants Prunus avium, P. cerasi, P. serotina, P. mahaleb and P. emarginata. Prunus mahaleb is native in warm locations of Southern and Central Europe. It is used as rootstock for tart cherries and as ornamental plant. In Germany R. cingulata appears 3-4 weeks later than the native species R. cerasi, and due to this attacks late cherry varieties, mainly tart cherries, e.g. the economic important variety "Schattenmorellen". This has been proven by fruit samples, from which pupae were obtained and in the following year R. cingulata adults emerged (species confirmed by Dr. Allen Norrbom, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA). Infestation levels in tart cherries amounted to more than 20%.