bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects of metals over the finite strain range up to failure
Authors: Xu Zi-Han , Zhan Lin , Wang Si-Yu , Xi Hui-Feng , Xiao Heng 
Published: February 2021

PurposeA new approach is proposed toward accurately matching any given realistic hardening and softening data from uniaxial tensile test up to failure and moreover, toward bypassing usual tedious implicit trial-and-error iterative procedures in identifying numerous unknown parameters.Design/methodology/approachFinite strain response features of metals with realistic hardening-to-softening transition effects up to eventual failure are studied for the first time based on the self-consistent elastoplastic J2-flow model with the logarithmic stress rate. As contrasted with usual approximate and incomplete treatments merely considering certain particular types of hardening effects such as power type hardening, here a novel and explicit approach is proposed to obtain a complete form of the plastic-work-dependent yield strength over the whole hardening and softening range.FindingsA new multi-axial evolution equation for both hardening and softening effects is established in an explicit form. Complete results for the purpose of model validation and prediction are presented for the finite strain responses of monotonic uniaxial stretching up to failure.Originality/valueNew finite strain elastoplastic equations are established with a new history-dependent variable equivalently in place of the usual plastic work. With these equations, a unified and accurate simulation of both gardening and softening effects up to failure is achieved for the first time in an explicit sense without involving usual tedious implicit trial-and-error iterative procedures.
Finding ourselves as Black women in Eurocentric theory: collaborative biography on learning and reshaping qualitative inquiry
Authors: Summerville Kiara S. , Campbell Erica T. , Flantroy Krystal , Prowell Ashley Nicole , Shelton Stephanie Anne 
Published: February 2021

PurposeQualitative research consistently centers Eurocentrism through courses' integrations of ontological, epistemological and axiological perspectives. This literal whitewashing was a source of great frustration and confusion for the authors, four Black women, who found their identities omitted and disregarded in qualitative inquiry. Using Collins' outsider-within concept and collective narratives to center their experiences, the authors seek through their writing to actively repurpose and re-engage with qualitative scholarship that generally seeks to exclude Black women.Design/methodology/approachTheoretically informed by Collins' outsider-within concept, the authors use Deleuze and Parnet's collective biography to tell the stories of four Black doctoral students negotiating race, gender, class and intellectual identity, while critiquing Eurocentric theory, through coursework. The collaborative writing process provided shared space for the engagement of individual thoughts and experiences with(in) others' narratives.FindingsBlack women can interpret qualitative inquiry outside of the Eurocentric norm, and qualitative courses can provide spaces for them to do so by repositioning Black women philosophers as central to understanding qualitative inquiry.Originality/valueThrough collective biography (Deleuze and Parnet, 2007), this paper centers the voices of four Black women scholars who use a creative writing approach to think with/through theory as Black women (Jackson and Mazzei, 2012). The paper offers new discussions of and ways in which qualitative researchers might decolonize Eurocentric ways of knowing in qualitative inquiry and qualitative pedagogy from students' perspectives.
From prose to poetry: retelling the experiences of children with autism navigating around a school to promote empathy and understanding
Authors: Irish Julie E.N. 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to describe the experiences of four children with autism spectrum disorder navigating around the corridors of an unfamiliar school and translate the findings into poetic format. Poetry could provide a more accessible format to a nonacademic audience and promote empathy and understanding about this population.Design/methodology/approachEach participant was shown a route from the start point to the destination by the researcher then asked to lead the way there. Post-study, participants were interviewed for their perceptions and feelings about navigating.FindingsParticipants' responses and behaviors differed, e.g. some were stimulated by colors, some noticed small details and some were distracted. Poetic translation vividly emphasized these behaviors and emotions.Originality/valueFew studies have described how children with autism navigate the built environment or asked their opinion about navigating. None in the field have used poetic translation to explore data.
The heterogeneous impact of leverage on firm performance: empirical evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Das Nirmol Chandra , Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous , Islam Md. Nazrul 
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study primarily is to investigate the heterogeneous effect of leverage on performance of the listed nonfinancial joint stock companies in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachA large panel sample of 165 listed nonfinancial firms under different industries of Bangladesh studied for the period 2007–2016 employing the dynamic panel approaches, namely, differenced generalized method of moments (GMM) and system GMM. The asymmetric relationship between leverage and performance is also examined by quantile regression approach.FindingsGMM showed that the leverage indicators have the negative impact on the performance of the firms in terms of return on equity and return on asset while the quantile regressions revealed the heterogeneous relationship between leverage and profitability. It showed that greater negative impact of leverage on performance in high-profitable firms than low-profitable firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is confined to only the listed nonfinancial joint-stock companies of Bangladesh.Practical implicationsThe asymmetric relationship between leverage and financial performance identified in this study would be the helpful tool for financial managers for optimal capital structure decisions.Originality/valueThis is one of the first in-depth attempts to find the nonlinear heterogeneous effect of leverage on firms' performance.
Playing piggy(bank) in the middle: Philanthropic foundations’ roles as intermediaries
Authors: Williamson Alexandra Kate , Leat Diana 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPhilanthropic foundations are often described as ‘intermediaries’ yet the term is neither defined nor de‐constructed. This short paper identifies and briefly discusses 14 dimensions of the intermediary roles played by foundations, and groups them into four major themes: bringing parties together, capacity development and relationship building, temporal bridging, and sector‐level or institutional intermediation.
Ethephon foliar application: Impact on the phenolic and technological Tempranillo grapes maturity
Authors: López Rosa , Portu Javier , González‐Arenzana Lucía , Garijo Patrocinio , Gutiérrez Ana Rosa , Santamaría Pilar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing concern about the impact of climate change on viticulture, in particular regarding its influence on grape maturity and quality. Extensive research has shown that the rise of temperatures during grape ripening accelerates the accumulation of sugars while reducing the synthesis of phenolic and aromatic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the foliar application of the plant growth regulator ethephon might delay technological grape maturity and increase grape phenolic content, improving wine quality. For this, different concentrations of ethephon were applied during two vintages to the Tempranillo grape variety at the onset of veraison. Results showed that grape sugar accumulation was delayed in one of the two vintages, whereas the treatment favored the accumulation of phenolic compounds in both vintages. In conclusion, the application of ethephon at the onset of veraison to Tempranillo grapevines helped to couple grape phenolic and technological maturity, leading to more balanced wines, either by delaying sugar accumulation or by enhancing the synthesis of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds.Practical ApplicationDue to the current climate change, phenolic maturity of grapes does not match with their technological maturity, which means that harvested grapes are usually very sweet but without enough color and aroma. The foliar application of the plant growth regulator—ethephon—delays technological grape maturity and increases grape phenolic content, improving wine quality and creating wines that are more balanced.
Open chest and pericardium facilitate transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli
Authors: Storm Benjamin S. , Halvorsen Per Steinar , Skulstad Helge , Dybwik Knut , Schjalm Camilla , Christiansen Dorte , Wisløff‐Aase Kristin , Fosse Erik , Braaten Tonje , Nielsen Erik W. , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTranspulmonary passage of air emboli can lead to fatal brain‐ and myocardial infarctions. We studied whether pigs with open chest and pericardium had a greater transpulmonary passage of venous air emboli than pigs with closed thorax.MethodsWe allocated pigs with verified closed foramen ovale to venous air infusion with either open chest with sternotomy and opening of the pleura and pericardium (n = 8) or closed thorax (n = 16). All pigs received a five‐hour intravenous infusion of ambient air, starting at 4‐6 mL/kg/h and increased by 2 mL/kg/h each hour. We assessed transpulmonary air passage by transesophageal M‐mode echocardiography and present the results as median with inter‐quartile range (IQR).ResultsTranspulmonary air passage occurred in all pigs with open chest and pericardium and in nine pigs with closed thorax (56%). Compared to pigs with closed thorax, pigs with open chest and pericardium had a shorter to air passage (10 minutes (5‐16) vs. 120 minutes (44‐212), P < .0001), a smaller volume of infused air at the time of transpulmonary passage (12 mL (10‐23) vs.170 mL (107‐494), P < .0001), shorter time to death (122 minutes (48‐185) vs 263 minutes (248‐300, P = .0005) and a smaller volume of infused air at the time of death (264 mL (53‐466) vs 727 mL (564‐968), P = .001). In pigs with open chest and, infused air and time to death correlated strongly (r = 0.95, P = .001).ConclusionOpen chest and pericardium facilitated the transpulmonary passage of intravenously infused air in pigs.
A quantitative global review of species population monitoring
Authors: Moussy Caroline , Burfield Ian J. , Stephenson P. J. , Newton Arabella F. E. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Sutherland William J. , Gregory Richard D. , McRae Louise , Bubb Philip , Roesler Ignacio , Ursino Cynthia , Wu Yanqing , Retief Ernst F. , Udin Jihad S. , Urazaliyev Ruslan , Sánchez‐Clavijo Lina M. , Lartey Eric , Donald Paul F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSpecies monitoring, defined here as the repeated, systematic collection of data to detect long‐term changes in the populations of wild species, is a vital component of conservation practice and policy. We created a database of nearly 1200 schemes, ranging in start date from 1800 to 2018, to review spatial, temporal, taxonomic, and methodological patterns in global species monitoring. We identified monitoring schemes through standardized web searches, an online survey of stakeholders, in‐depth national searches in a sample of countries, and a review of global biodiversity databases. We estimated the total global number of monitoring schemes operating at 3300–15,000. Since 2000, there has been a sharp increase in the number of new schemes being initiated in lower‐ and middle‐income countries and in megadiverse countries, but a decrease in high‐income countries. The total number of monitoring schemes in a country and its per capita gross domestic product were strongly, positively correlated. Schemes that were active in 2018 had been running for an average of 21 years in high‐income countries, compared with 13 years in middle‐income countries and 10 years in low‐income countries. In high‐income countries, over one‐half of monitoring schemes received government funding, but this was less than one‐quarter in low‐income countries. Data collection was undertaken partly or wholly by volunteers in 37% of schemes, and such schemes covered significantly more sites and species than those undertaken by professionals alone. Birds were by far the most widely monitored taxonomic group, accounting for around half of all schemes, but this bias declined over time. Monitoring in most taxonomic groups remains sparse and uncoordinated, and most of the data generated are elusive and unlikely to feed into wider biodiversity conservation processes. These shortcomings could be addressed by, for example, creating an open global meta‐database of biodiversity monitoring schemes and enhancing capacity for species monitoring in countries with high biodiversity.Article impact statement: Species population monitoring for conservation purposes remains strongly biased toward a few vertebrate taxa in wealthier countries.
Endocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma and associated primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: Review of the literature
Authors: Au Rebecca Tian Mei , Bundele Manish M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndocrine mucin‐producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low‐grade, cutaneous adnexal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. It is considered to be a precursor of invasive neuroendocrine type primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC).ObjectiveTo review clinicopathological literature summary of EMPSGC and associated neuroendocrine PCMC from all reported cases and compare its behavior vs non‐neuroendocrine PCMC data reported in the literature.MethodsA review of English literature of all EMPSGC cases with and without associated PCMC was carried out.ResultsEMPSGC was associated with invasive neuroendocrine type PCMC in 35.7% of cases. We found the recurrence rate of PCMC associated with EMPSGC of about 12.3%, which is much less than the 30% recurrence rate reported for the non‐neuroendocrine subtype of PCMC. The non‐neuroendocrine subtype of PCMC shows a 4% and 11% rate of distant and lymph node metastasis, respectively, vs EMPSGC‐associated neuroendocrine type of PCMC, which is very indolent and only one recent case of locoregional metastasis out of 190 EMPSGC cases has been reported so far.LimitationLimitation of our study includes data derivation from case reports and case series in the literature.ConclusionThe prognostic benefits for this cohort of patients may be considered in their overall management.
Clinical significance of early systolic reverse flow in left anterior descending coronary artery on transthoracic echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Watanabe Shingo , Usui Michio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPredicting the cardiac function in chronic phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is important. Previous studies showed that the presence of early systolic reverse flow (ESRF) in coronary flow measured with a Doppler guide wire is a predictor of worsening chronic phase function in patients with anterior AMI. We routinely examined the coronary flow velocity (CFV) of the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in AMI patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the ESRF in TTE is associated with the chronic cardiac function, recovery of cardiac function, and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with anterior AMI.MethodsWe enrolled 84 patients with their first anterior AMI. Using TTE, we recorded the CFV of distal LAD within 5 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were divided into two groups, ESRF + group (ESRF was detected in TTE: 21 cases) and ESRF‐ group (ESRF was not detected in TTE: 63 cases). We compared chronic cardiac function in TTE, changes in cardiac function in acute and chronic phase (ΔLVEF, ΔLVDd), and the incidence of MACE.ResultsThe incidence of MACE in ESRF‐group was lower than that in ESRF + group (3.3% vs 19.1% P = .02). LVEF in chronic phase in ESRF‐ group was higher than that in ESRF + group (54.1 ± 5.6% vs 40.4 ± 6.2% P < .001). ΔLVDd was smaller in ESRF‐group than ESRF + group (−0.62 ± 4.0 mm vs +5.06 ± 3.4 mm P = .003).ConclusionEarly systolic reverse flow in TTE is a predictor of chronic cardiac function and incidence of MACE in patients with anterior AMI.
Age‐dependent messenger RNA expression of toll‐like receptor 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Wen Chiung‐Jung , Chang Chin‐Hao , Chen Chin‐Ying , Peng Jen‐Kuei , Huang Hsien‐Liang , Chuang Pei‐Ni , Chen Ching‐Yu , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in the ageing process in which monocytes/macrophages are important players. Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) are well‐known inflammatory markers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age and the expression and correlation of ICAM‐1, TNF‐α and TLR4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsA total of 239 participants were recruited in a medical centre in Taiwan. The mRNA isolated from the PBMCs was used to determine the levels of ICAM‐1, TNF‐α and TLR4 mRNAs with real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The propensity‐matched analysis was also applied for subgroup analysis.ResultsWhen compared 189 older adults (≧65 years) to 50 younger adults (<65 years), the ICAM‐1, TNF‐α and TLR4 mRNA levels in PBMCs were significantly higher in older adults (2.00 ± 0.72 vs 0.87 ± 0.34 for ICAM‐1, 2.32 ± 0.69 vs 1.15 ± 0.44 for TNF‐α and 1.56 ± 0.47 vs 1.05 ± 0.51 for TLR4, and all P < .0001). Also, both age and TLR4 were independent factors affecting mononuclear cell ICAM‐1 in the multiple linear regression analysis (P < .0001).ConclusionThe mRNA levels of ICAM‐1 and TLR4 in PBMCs are higher in older adults than those in younger adults. TLR4 is an independent factor affecting ICAM‐1 expression in PBMCs, especially in older adults. This may suggest that ICAM‐1 and TLR4 in PBMCs are potential biomarkers and their relationship may shed some light on the ageing process.
Eicosanoid‐induced calcium signaling mediates cellular immune responses of Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Roy Miltan Chandra , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCalcium signaling is associated with actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. It is required for expressing cellular immune responses of insect hemocytes. Eicosanoids mediate immune responses by cytoskeleton rearrangement against various pathogen infections in insects. The objective of this study was to investigate cellular immune responses of a mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The hypothesis tested was that immune responses would be mediated by calcium signaling associated with eicosanoid mediation. Larvae of T. molitor possessed at least four morphological types of hemocytes, most (almost 75%) of which were granulocytes and plasmatocytes. They all exhibited a hemocyte‐spreading behavior by F‐actin extension. Upon bacterial infection, hemocytes exhibited phagocytosis and formed hemocytic nodules. Intracellular calcium was detected in hemocytes. Its amount increased with increasing incubation time after bacterial infection. Inhibition of calcium influx or release from endoplasmic reticulum using specific inhibitors prevented cellular immune responses. Interestingly, treatment with an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed calcium signals induced by bacterial challenge. Furthermore, treatment with naproxen, a prostaglandin (PG) synthesis inhibitor, or esculetin, a leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, also inhibited the increase of calcium concentration in hemocytes. Among eicosanoids, PGE2 highly stimulated the increase of calcium signals. These results suggest that cellular immune responses of T. molitor are triggered by calcium signaling, which is up‐regulated by eicosanoids.
Heat shock alters pea aphid–Buchnera interactions: negative allometry of gene densities
Authors: Parven Nousheen , Yao Izumi , Kanbe Takashi , Akimoto Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the face of global climate change, the understanding of how aphid‐symbiont relationships are affected by heat shock is critical. We evaluated the effects of heat shock on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al. by means of quantitative PCR in treated aphids and their offspring. First‐instar aphids received a single heat shock (35 °C for 6 h), repetitive heat shocks (repeat of the single heat shock for 3 days), or a control treatment (constant 20 °C). We evaluated the impacts on aphid body length and Buchnera and aphid gene densities, estimated from the number of copies of bacterial 16S‐rRNA and nuclear elongation factor 1‐alpha (EF1α) genes, respectively. Heat shock negatively affected aphid body length and Buchnera and EF1α gene densities. Heat‐shocked aphids contained lower densities of Buchnera and EF1α genes than control aphids when body length was kept constant. When Buchnera and EF1α gene densities were represented on a log–log scale, Buchnera densities increased with EF1α densities in all treatments, but Buchnera densities showed negative allometry with EF1α densities. Compared to control aphids, heat‐shocked aphids contained lower Buchnera densities relative to EF1α densities. Some heat‐shocked aphids became sterile if their Buchnera gene density was lower than a threshold (ca. 42 000 copies). The offspring of aphids subjected to a single heat shock recovered the number of Buchnera, but the offspring of aphids subjected to repetitive heat shocks exhibited markedly lower Buchnera and EF1α densities. Thus, heat shock negatively affects both aphid and Buchnera cell proliferation, in the heat shock‐treated generation as well as in their offspring, but the impact is more severe on Buchnera. Because the symbiont supplies essential amino acids, vitamins, and an essential protein, this could reduce aphid development and reproduction and possibly leads to extinction of local populations.
Concurrent giant sialoliths within the submandibular gland parenchyma and distal segment of Wharton’s duct: Novel case report
Authors: Brooks John K. , Macauley Meriam R. , Price Jeffery B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article discusses the clinical significance of an unusual case of the simultaneous occurrence of 2 giant sialoliths within the ipsilateral submandibular gland and distal aspect of Wharton's duct in a 63‐year‐old patient.BackgroundThe majority of submandibular gland sialoliths are found in Wharton's duct, with fewer within the gland parenchyma. Giant sialoliths (exceeding 15 mm in size) are rare.Materials and methodsAn asymptomatic, otherwise healthy older patient sought dental care and underwent a comprehensive oral and radiographic examination.ResultsA panoramic radiograph revealed 2 incidental radiopaque structures, representing giant sialoliths within the submandibular gland and along the distal segment of Wharton's duct. This synchronous finding apparently represents the first case reported in the geriatric literature.ConclusionsThe detection of 1 salivary stone should heighten the scrutiny for additional stones. Practitioners should carefully weigh the risk of sialolith removal versus deferment of treatment in older medically compromised patients.