bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation Capabilities, Environmentally Sustainable Practices and Export Competitiveness: An Exploratory Study of Firms From India
Authors: Adhikari Padmanav , Momaya Kirankumar S. 
Published: August 2021

India — the land of frugal innovation — is striving hard to catch up on its innovation capabilities. However, its inability to achieve balances on multiple fronts even 74 years after its independence indicates the presence of some underlying problems of competitiveness —both at the macro- as well as micro-levels. In this study, we build upon and extend the competitiveness Assets–Processes–Performance (APP) framework and try to diagnose such problems at the micro-level (i.e. firm level). We specifically try to understand the effect of environmentally sustainable practices (ESPs) on the relationship between innovation capabilities and export competitiveness (EC) of firms. Methodologically, we draw insights from both the theoretical (extant literature) as well as the observational (comprised of a purposive sample of select firms) realms. Our findings indicate that firms of Indian origin (FIOs) which are ahead of the rest in terms of their ESPs, fare better in terms of their EC. We propose a conceptual framework, wherein we posit that ESPs can moderate the relationship between innovation capabilities and EC. We also draw implications for theory and practice and discuss the avenues for future research.
A Comparison of Learning Classifier Systems’ Rule Compaction Algorithms for Knowledge Visualization
Authors: Liu Yi , Browne Will N. , Xue Bing 
Published: August 2021

Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) are a paradigm of rule-based evolutionary computation (EC). LCSs excel in data-mining tasks regarding helping humans to understand the explored problem, often through visualizing the discovered patterns linking features to classes. Due to the stochastic nature of EC, LCSs unavoidably produce and keep redundant rules, which obscure the patterns. Thus, rule compaction methods are invoked to produce a better population by removing problematic rules. Previously, compaction methods have neither been tested on large-scale problems nor been assessed on the performance of capturing patterns. We review and test the most popular compaction algorithms, finding that across multiple LCSs’ populations for the same task, although the redundant rules can be different, the accurate rules are common. Furthermore, the patterns contained consistently refer to the nature of the explored domain, e.g., the data distribution or the importance of features for determining actions. This extends the [
O
] set hypothesis proposed by Butz et al. [1], in which an LCS is expected to evolve a minimal number of non-overlapped rules to represent an addressed domain. Two new compaction algorithms are introduced to search at the rule level and the population level by compacting multiple LCSs’ populations. Two visualization methods are employed for verifying the interpretability of these populations. Successful compaction is demonstrated on complex and real problems with clean datasets, e.g., the 11-bits Majority-On problem that requires 924 different interacting rules in the optimal solution to be uniquely identified to enable correct visualization. For the first time, the patterns contained in learned models for the large-scale 70-bits Multiplexer problem are visualized successfully.
Constraint-Objective Cooperative Coevolution for Large-scale Constrained Optimization
Authors: Xu Peilan , Luo Wenjian , Lin Xin , Zhang Jiajia , Qiao Yingying , Wang Xuan 
Published: August 2021

Large-scale optimization problems and constrained optimization problems have attracted considerable attention in the swarm and evolutionary intelligence communities and exemplify two common features of real problems, i.e., a large scale and constraint limitations. However, only a little work on solving large-scale continuous constrained optimization problems exists. Moreover, the types of benchmarks proposed for large-scale continuous constrained optimization algorithms are not comprehensive at present.
In this article, first, a constraint-objective cooperative coevolution (COCC) framework is proposed for large-scale continuous constrained optimization problems, which is based on the dual nature of the objective and constraint functions: modular and imbalanced components. The COCC framework allocates the computing resources to different components according to the impact of objective values and constraint violations. Second, a benchmark for large-scale continuous constrained optimization is presented, which takes into account the modular nature, as well as both imbalanced and overlapping characteristics of components. Finally, three different evolutionary algorithms are embedded into the COCC framework for experiments, and the experimental results show that COCC performs competitively.
Modifying the Mini-Cog to Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Nonliterate Individuals
Authors: Adhikari Shambhu P. , Dev Rubee , Borson Soo 
Published: August 2021

Objectives. The Mini-Cog, a rapid, valid, and reliable screening tool for cognitive impairment, consists of 3-word recall and an executive clock drawing test (CDT). However, CDT requires at least basic literacy and cultural exposure to analog clocks, conditions not met in many population groups around the world. We developed a modification of the Mini-Cog (MMC) for use with nonliterate and literate individuals. Methods. Participants were adults (≥60 years) with no neurological diagnosis, with known cognitive impairment due to stroke, Parkinsonism, traumatic brain injury, or Alzheimer’s disease, and whose family members were able to read and write. We replaced the CDT with two tasks of everyday life: a serial subtraction task or a multistep performance task. Family members rated the acceptability and feasibility of the Mini-Cog versions using a 6-point scale and completed a proxy-rated cognitive staging tool, the Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS). Spearman’s rho, Mann-Whitney

U

, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate group differences and associations between measures. Results. Data were collected from 63 participants (

75
%
≥
60

years

, 67% nonliterate). Literacy was associated with CDT (chi-square strength 0.9,

p
<
0.001

). Both MMC versions correlated with DSRS in healthy adults and patients (rho 0.6-0.7,

p
<
0.05

). In literate individuals, the acceptability and feasibility of CDT and both alternate distractors were similarly high (5/6). Conclusions. Two alternate distractor tasks may successfully replace CDT in the Mini-Cog. The MMC versions are promising and deserve further study as screening tools for cognitive impairment in larger and more fully characterized samples.
Guia de relações multiespécies na Baía de Florianópolis - SC
Authors: Oliveira Ivan Tadeu Gomes de 
Published: August 2021

o presente ensaio busca, a partir de métodos etnográficos em movimento, descrever histórias de assembleias multiespécies perturbadas por infraestruturas antropocênicas na baía de Florianópolis – SC, Brasil. Para isso, nos inspiramos em discussões da antropologia das paisagens. Contra noções que tratam a paisagem como um espaço-objeto alheio aos habitantes-sujeitos, procuramos evidenciar as continuidades entre habitantes – humanos ou não humanos – e paisagem. Para nos auxiliar na tarefa de produzir uma etnografia menos pautada pelo excepcionalismo humano, buscamos diálogos transdisciplinares entre a Antropologia e campos científicos muitas vezes alheios às etnografias, tais como: a Ecologia, a Biologia, a Literatura e a Hidrografia. A partir das reflexões de Tim Ingold referentes a habilidades, coordenamos tais diálogos transversais com os saberes aprendidos junto a pescadores, peixes, marés, ventos e infraestruturas daninhas, a fim de conhecer os modos a partir dos quais as infraestruturas erguidas na baía afetaram e afetam as coordenações mais que humanas. Por fim, procuramos identificar e descrever os processos de ressurgências criativas fruto das relações multiespécies entre os habitantes da paisagem. A materialização da etnografia se deu a partir de uma diversidade de suportes: dos textos científicos tradicionais às descrições críticas em linguagem poético literária, passando pelos desenhos etnográficos feitos no e a partir do campo e exposições em websites e redes sociais. Ao fim e ao cabo, concluímos que já não nos basta preservar, é preciso recuperar as paisagens perturbadas na baía de Florianópolis. À essa tarefa urgentíssima é preciso mais que dar ouvidos aos seus habitantes tradicionais – humanos e não humanos: é preciso reconhecer sua voz, seus saberes, suas estratégias de ressurgência.
The Interlinkages Between Paid and Unpaid Labour: A Homage to Krishna Bharadwaj
Authors: Ghosh Jayati 
Published: August 2021

In this article, I attempt to extend Krishna Bharadwaj’s insight on interlinked rural markets to the analysis of the interlinkages between paid and unpaid economic activities; in other words, between work and employment. Specifically, I argue that the gendered division of labour in India creates much greater involvement in unpaid labour for women, which in turn has direct and pervasive implications for their involvement in paid employment. Indeed, the interlinkage between the two is so profound that it is impossible to understand trends in one without assessing trends in the other. JEL Codes: J210, J220, J46, J710
National culture and corporate carbon performance
Authors: Luo Le , Tang Qingliang 
Published: August 2021

This study investigates the effects of cultural, institutional and natural ecosystems on corporate response to climate change. We find that national cultural tendencies towards future orientation, uncertainty avoidance, gender egalitarianism and humane orientation strengthen corporate performance, whereas certain other cultural dimensions, such as in-group collectivism, pose barriers to optimal carbon performance. We suggest that culture provides an incremental explanation for corporate climate behaviours beyond socioeconomic or regulatory determinants. Our study contributes to the carbon literature by comprehensively examining the role of a country’s national culture in determining corporate carbon performance, and its findings may help in the implementation of international climate accords (such as the Paris Agreement of 2015) in countries with heterogeneous cultural values and natural environmental contexts. JEL Classification: G54, Q56, P48
The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction in Patients Undergoing Knee Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wengle Lawrence , Migliorini Filippo , Leroux Timothy , Chahal Jaskarndip , Theodoropoulos John , Betsch Marcel 
Published: August 2021

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing quadriceps muscle atrophy and improving strength in patients with various knee pathologies. Furthermore, the effectiveness of BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery has been investigated to determine if its use can improve clinical outcomes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery. We hypothesized that BFR, before or after surgery, would improve clinical outcomes as well as muscle strength and volume. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1980 to present. Search results were limited to those assessing BFR training in patients undergoing knee surgery published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal in English. Selected studies subsequently underwent data extraction, methodological quality assessment, and data analysis. Results: Eleven studies were eligible, including anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (n = 10) and knee arthroscopy (n = 1). Two studies specifically assessed BFR use in the preoperative time frame. For the meta-analysis, including 4 studies, the primary outcome variables included the cross-sectional area of the quadratus femoris muscle group assessed with magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography, and patient-reported outcome measure scores. The results demonstrated that BFR use in the postoperative time period can lead to a significant improvement in the cross-sectional area when quantifying muscle atrophy. However, there were no significant differences found for patient-reported outcome measures between the included studies. It should be noted that 4 of the included papers in this review reported increases in clinical strength when using BFR in the postoperative setting. Last, preoperative BFR training did not show any significant clinical benefit between the 2 studies. Conclusion: This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to study the effects of BFR in patients undergoing knee surgery. The results of this analysis show that BFR in the postoperative period after knee surgery can improve quadriceps muscle bulk compared with a control group. However, future research should examine the effects of preconditioning with BFR before surgery. Lastly, BFR protocols need to be further investigated to determine which provide the best patient outcomes. This will help standardize this type of treatment modality for future studies.
Association of Pitch Timing and Throwing Arm Kinetics in High School and Professional Pitchers
Authors: Manzi Joseph E. , Dowling Brittany , Wang Zhaorui , Kunze Kyle N. , Estrada Jennifer , Fu Michael C. , McElheny Kathryn L. , Carr James B. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Understanding the relationship between the temporal phases of the baseball pitch and subsequent joint loading may improve our understanding of optimal pitching mechanics and contribute to injury prevention in baseball pitchers. Purpose: To investigate the temporal phases of the pitching motion and their associations with ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in high school (HS) and professional (PRO) baseball pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: PRO (n = 317) and HS (n = 54) baseball pitchers were evaluated throwing 8 to 12 fastball pitches using 3-dimensional motion capture (480 Hz). Four distinct phases of the pitching motion were evaluated based on timing of angular velocities: (1) Foot-Pelvis, (2) Pelvis-Torso, (3) Torso-Elbow, and (4) Elbow-Ball. Peak elbow varus torque, shoulder internal rotation torque, and shoulder distraction force were also calculated and compared between playing levels using 2-sample t tests. Linear mixed-effect models with compound symmetry covariance structures were used to correlate pitch velocity and throwing arm kinetics with the distinct temporal phases of the pitching motion. Results: PRO pitchers had greater weight and height, and faster ball velocities than HS pitchers ( P < .001). There was no difference in total pitch time between groups ( P = .670). PRO pitchers spent less time in the Foot-Pelvis ( P = .010) and more time in the Pelvis-Torso ( P < .001) phase comparatively. Shorter time spent in the earlier phases of the pitching motion was significantly associated with greater ball velocity for both PRO and HS pitchers (Foot-Pelvis: B = −6.4 and B = −11.06, respectively; Pelvis-Torso: B = −6.4 and B = −11.4, respectively), while also associated with increased shoulder proximal force (Pelvis-Torso: B = −76.4 and B = −77.5, respectively). Decreased time in the Elbow-Ball phase correlated with greater shoulder proximal force for both cohorts (B = −1150 and B = −645, respectively) with no significant correlation found for ball velocity. Conclusion: Significant differences in temporal phases exist between PRO and HS pitchers. For all pitchers, increased time spent in the final phase of the pitching motion has the potential to decrease shoulder distraction force with no significant loss in ball velocity. Clinical Relevance: Identifying risk factors for increased shoulder and elbow kinetics, acting as a surrogate for loading at the respective joints, has potential implications in injury prevention.
Resolvin D1 protects against cadmium chloride-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats: A comparison with docosahexaenoic acid
Authors: Shati Ali A , El-Kott Attalla F 
Published: August 2021

Background Intoxication with cadmium (Cd) ions leads to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment. However, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegeneration. Purpose This study compared the neuroprotective effect of the n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and its downstream metabolite, resolvin D1 (RVD1), on hippocampal damage and memory deficits in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-treated rats. Research design Control or CdCl2 (0.5 mg/kg)-treated rats were subdivided into three groups ( n = 18/each) and treated for 6 weeks as follows: (1) fed control diet, (2) fed DHA-rich diets (0.7 g/100 g), or (3) treated with RVD1 (0.2 μg/kg, i.p). Results Treatment with a DHA-rich diet or RVD1 significantly increased the levels of docosahexaenoic acid and RVD1, respectively, in the hippocampal of CdCl2-treated rats without affecting the reduction in the expression of the 15-lipooxygenase-1 (ALOX15). These effects were associated with improvements in rats’ memory function and hippocampal structure, as well as a redction in the hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear localization of the nuclear factor-kappa beta p65 (NF-κB p65), and expression of cleaved caspase-3. Concomitantly, hippocampi of both groups of rats showed significantly higher levels of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as enhanced nuclear levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2). The effects of RVD1 on all these markers in the CdCl2-induced rats were more profound than those of DHA. Also, the increase in the nuclear protein levels of Nrf-2 and the decrease in the levels of Bax and nuclear protein levels of NF-κB p65 were only seen in the hippocampal of CdCl2 + RVD1-treated rats. Conclusion RVD1 is more powerful than DHA in preventing CdCl2-induced memory loss and hippocampal damage in rats.
Evaluation of the Foot Arch in Partial Weightbearing Conditions
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Thorhauer Eric D. , Kindig Matthew W. , Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Ledoux William R. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Weightbearing plain radiography or computed tomography (CT) is used for diagnosis or treatment selection in foot disorders. This study compared foot alignment between full weightbearing (50% body weight [BW] per foot) plain radiography and nonweightbearing (0% BW) or partial weightbearing (10% BW per foot) CT scans. Methods: Subjects had both full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs and either a nonweightbearing (0% BW) or a partial weightbearing (20% BW or 10% BW per foot) CT scan. Feet (n = 89) had been previously classified as pes cavus (n = 14/17 [subjects/feet]), neutrally aligned (NA; 20/30), asymptomatic pes planus (APP; 18/24), and symptomatic pes planus (SPP; 15/18). Lateral talometatarsal angle (LTMA) and calcaneal pitch angle were compared between weightbearing radiography and maximum-intensity projection images generated from CT. Results: Significant differences in LTMA were found between nonweightbearing CT scans and full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs: the mean difference was 6.6 degrees in NA, 9.2 degrees in APP, and 11.3 degrees in SPP ( P < .0001); no significant difference in LTMA was found for pes cavus. Although the interaction of foot type ( P = .084) approached statistical significance, pairwise differences between 10% weightbearing and 50% weightbearing images by foot type were significant but small. The 50% weightbearing condition resulted in calcaneal pitch angles the same or slightly lower or higher than those of the 10% weightbearing and nonweightbearing images. LTMA and calcaneal pitch angle measurements made on full (50% BW per foot) weightbearing plain radiographs and non- (0%) or partial (10% BW per foot) weightbearing angles from CT scans were strongly correlated. Conclusion: Different foot types have similar 2-dimensional sagittal plane morphologies with partial weightbearing (10% BW per foot) CT scans and, to a lesser degree, nonweightbearing (0%) neutral-position CT scans when compared to full weightbearing (50% BW per foot) plain radiographs. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective case control study.
Treatment of Navicular Stress Fractures With an Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Nunley James A. , Green Cynthia , Morash Joel , Easley Mark E. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Navicular stress fractures are becoming increasingly more common. There is no universal consensus on treatment. We provide an algorithm that we feel will be useful in determining treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on all patients having operative treatment of navicular stress fractures during a 10-year period. Acute fractures were treated with open reduction internal fixation. Chronic fractures greater than 3 months were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and iliac crest bone grafting. Chronic fractures with evidence of sclerosis, avascular changes, or those who failed previous surgery were treated with ORIF, iliac crest bone grafting, as well as vascular bone grafting. Patients’ pain scores were recorded and a return-to-sports scale was used. Radiographic union was compared among the 3 groups using computed tomographic (CT) scans or radiographs. Results: Forty-three patients were identified. Fifteen received ORIF alone, 12 were treated with ORIF and bone graft, and 16 had ORIF with vascularized bone grafting. No difference was found among the median age of the 3 groups. In terms of radiographic healing, 3 patients in the ORIF group received radiographs alone. All other patients had follow-up CT scans. ORIF alone group had 80% union, ORIF with bone graft had 75% union, and ORIF with vascularized bone grafting had 100% union. Return to sports did not show any difference among the 3 groups. Conclusion: The algorithm dividing navicular stress fractures into 3 distinct groups with different operative techniques helped us address these difficult cases. Vascularized bone grafting certainly appeared to be beneficial for the more difficult cases. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.