bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronan size alters chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on tricalcium phosphate‐collagen‐hyaluronan scaffolds
Authors: Meng Fangang , Yang Zibo , Long Dianbo , Gu Minghui , Shang Mei , Zeng Anyu , Wen Xingzhao , Xue Yueran , Zhao Xiaoyi , He Aishan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) provides a favorable environment for chondrogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). A previous report from our group indicated that addition of HA increases the chondro‐inductive capacity of scaffolds. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the Mw of the HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds. Human BMSCs (hBMSCs) and rabbit BMSCs (rBMSCs) were isolated and expanded. TCP‐COL scaffolds and TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with two different HA Mws were assessed for their capacity to induce cartilage regeneration from hBMSCs in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that about 96.96% of hBMSCs expressed CD44. Moreover,Hyal‐1and chondrogenic marker genes expressions were increased in hMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds, and blocking the HA‐CD44 interaction with an anti‐CD44 antibody reduced the expression levels ofHyal‐1and chondrogenic marker genes. Additionally, TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater induction of BMSC chondrogenesis induction compared with those with 80 kDa Mw. Similar results were observed in an ectopic implantation nude mouse model. In a rabbit osteochondral defect repair model, rBMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed greater cartilage regeneration than those seeded with 80 kDa Mw. In addition, hBMSC‐seeded TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds with 2000 kDa Mw showed a significantly higher mechanical strength than those with 80 kDa Mw. Collectively, these results indicate that the Mw of HA could affect chondrogenesis of BMSCs seeded on TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds. The TCP‐COL‐HA scaffolds might be used as allogenic off the shelf products in cartilage tissue engineering in future.
Upregulation of CD3ζ and L‐selectin in antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by eliminating myeloid‐derived suppressor cells with doxorubicin to improve killing efficacy of neuroblastoma cells in vitro
Authors: Xu Weili , Li Suolin , Li Meng , Zhou Hui , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAgglomeration of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors impedes immunotherapeutic effects. Doxorubicin (DOX) is currently the most specific drug used for the selective removal of MDSCs. Here, we study the feasibility and mechanism of eliminating MDSCs by DOX to improve antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)‐killing neuroblastoma (NB) cellsin vitro.MethodsCTL and MDSC were prepared; then, CTLs, NB cells, MDSCs, and DOX were mixed and cultivated in different collocation patterns and divided into different groups. The levels of cluster of differentiation 3ζ chain (CD3ζ) and L‐selectin in CTL in different groups were detected. Thereafter, the killing rate of NB cells and secretion of interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ were measured and compared.ResultsBy real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot test respectively, the proliferation and killing effect of CTLs on NB cells were all inhibited by MDSC through downregulating CD3ζ (p = 0.002;p = 0.001) and L‐selectin (p = 0.006;p < 0.001). However, this inhibitory effect was reversed by DOX. Significant differences were observed in the levels of interleukin‐2 (p < 0.001), interferon‐γ (p < 0.001), and the killing rate (p < 0.001) among the groups, except between the CTL +SK‐N‐SH and CTL +SK‐N‐SH +DOX groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsTargeted elimination of MDSCs by DOX can improve Ag‐specific CTL killing of NB cellsin vitroby upregulating CD3ζ and L‐selectin. This study provides a novel method to enhance the immunotherapeutic effects of NB.
Comparative evaluation of vegetable matter involved lesions with oral parasitic infections in the oral cavity
Authors: Pinheiro Tiago Novaes , Leite Milena Gomes Melo , da Silva Cristiane Cantiga , Alexandre Cleber Nunes , Cabral Lioney Nobre , Carvalho Hannah Marcelle Paulain , de Souza Daniel Frota , Gonçalves Jéssica Lourdes de Aguiar , de Souza Thales Edecherly Nasserala , Melo Nara Deise de Souza , Cintra Luciano Tavares Ângelo , Kanehira Beatriz Terumi Barreto , de Albuquerque Gustavo Cavalcanti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe current research aims to perform a comparative evaluation of vegetable matter involved lesions with oral parasitic infections found in oral mucosa, presenting histochemical methods to differentiate their microscopic similarities. Eight cases were selected out of a sample of 1.975 reports from a single Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Service of the author's institution from 2012 to 2019. Specimens were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining, Gomori–Grocott staining, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, Giemsa, and mucicarmine staining. Microscopic analysis included fluorescence, polarized light, and confocal microscopy. Microscopically, in HE coloration, hookworm eggs showed as eosinophilic. Inflammatory multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, were usually related to the nematode eggs, forming an intense inflammatory infiltrate. Biofluorescent properties of eggs and larvae revealed to be sensitive in the detection of parasitic structures contrasting with the inflamed connective tissue. Vegetable presence was confirmed by polarized light microscopy and it was found to be associated with microbial biofilms. Confocal microscopy has showed to be an excellent method for morphotype differentiation of parasitic eggs. Parasitic infection and vegetable matter displayed similarities in the inflammatory response, but the latter can rot and agglomerate biofilms. The microscopic diagnosis of such infections requires the interpretation of challenging morphological features since the parasites are usually sectioned and mixed with an inflammatory reaction. These histochemical approaches proved to be excellent to distinguish both lesions.
Forbidden pairs of disconnected graphs for 2‐factor of connected graphs
Authors: Holub Přemysl , Ryjáček Zdeněk , Vrána Petr , Wang Shipeng , Xiong Liming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLet be a set of graphs. A graph is said to be ‐free if does not contain as an induced subgraph for all in , and we call a forbidden pair if . In 2008, Faudree et al. characterized all pairs of connected graphs such that every 2‐connected ‐free graph of sufficiently large order has a 2‐factor. In 2013, Fujisawa et al. characterized all pairs of connected graphs such that every connected ‐free graph of sufficiently large order with minimum degree at least two has a 2‐factor. In this paper, we generalize these two results by considering disconnected graphs . In other words, we characterize all pairs of graphs such that every 2‐connected ‐free graph of sufficiently large order has a 2‐factor. We also characterize all pairs of graphs such that every connected ‐free graph of sufficiently large order with minimum degree at least two has a 2‐factor.
Fully covered metal stents vs plastic stents for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer without neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mandai Koichiro , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Ryozawa Shomei , Saitou Michihiro , Iwai Tomohisa , Ogawa Takahisa , Tamura Takashi , Doi Shinpei , Okabe Yoshinobu , Chiba Yasutaka , Itoi Takao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeWhether a fully covered self‐expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) or plastic stent (PS) is preferable for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drainage with FCSEMS for obstructive jaundice caused by RPC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.MethodsSeventy patients with RPC who required preoperative biliary drainage were randomly assigned 1:1 to the FCSEMS or PS group. The primary endpoint was endoscopic re‐intervention rate during the waiting period for surgery. Secondary endpoints were drainage procedure time, drainage‐related adverse events (AE), waiting period for surgery, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, surgery‐related AE, and postoperative hospital stay.ResultsThirty‐nine patients underwent surgery. None required re‐intervention in the FCSEMS group, whereas five PS patients underwent re‐intervention (P = .023). The FCSEMS group had significantly more intraoperative blood loss (P = .0068) and AE (P = .011) than the PS group. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the FCSEMS group (P = .016).ConclusionsFully covered self‐expanding metal stent had a lower rate of endoscopic re‐intervention during the waiting period for surgery than PS, but showed more intraoperative blood loss, higher incidence of surgery‐related AE, and longer postoperative hospital stays.
A 2020 desk review of Power Africa
Authors: Allela Timothy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPower Africa is an ongoing development intervention looking to expand electricity access in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). It was launched in 2013 by former US President Barack Obama and is overseen by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Power Africa operates as a public–private partnership (PPP). This report evaluates its progress from inception up to the end of 2019, relying on official project documentation and correspondence to make its findings. None of the project's stakeholders were interviewed during its preparation, imposing some limitations on findings. The appraisal is a strict desk review, conducted through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) six criteria for project evaluation (relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability). The evaluation found the intervention's relevance to be high along the lines of theory of change, modus operandi, contextual analysis, risk analysis, and both champion and beneficiary needs. External coherence, on the other hand, raised questions. Power Africa's effectiveness emerged as adequate as per set indicators, with its efficiency proving difficult to determine given lack of access to financial statements. The intervention's impact was assessed as minimal on account of disproportionate connectivity success with solar lanterns. Potentials for injury during and after implementation were also identified. With respect to the intervention's sustainability, several issues came up as possible barriers towards its perpetuation beyond its 2030 deadline (and consequently, other goals that make up the 2030 agenda). This evaluation additionally made a few recommendations towards enhancing its effectiveness and sustainability, finally noting the sufficiency of OECD's six criteria for project evaluation for such undertakings.
Sucker formation in a bigfin reef squid: Comparison between arms and tentacles
Authors: Kimbara Ryosuke , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Abe Sou , Oguchi Kohei , Miura Toru 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCephalopods have acquired numerous novelties and expanded their habitats to various marine environments as highly agile predators. Among cephalopod novelties, multiple arms are used for complex behaviors, including prey capture. Suckers on arms are innovative features for realizing these arm functions. In addition, tentacles in Decapodiformes (squids and cuttlefishes) are arms specialized in prey capture and tentacular suckers show unique morphologies. However, little is known about the developmental process of sucker formation that should differ between tentacles and other arms. In this study, therefore, sucker formation processes on second arms and tentacles were observed and compared in a bigfin reef squid, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, to reveal the developmental processes forming the unique sucker morphologies, especially in tentacles. Morphological and histological observations of suckers during embryogenesis showed that, in second arms, the sucker‐producing area appeared at the most distal part. At the most proximal side of the sucker‐producing area, new sucker buds were isolated by invagination of the epithelial tissue. At the proximal arm parts, suckers with functional structures were observed. In tentacles, although the basic sucker formation pattern was similar to that in second arms, sucker formation started at earlier embryonic stages and the number of suckers was drastically increased compared to that in second arms. In addition, although four sucker rows were observed at the tentacular club, that is, the thickest part of a tentacle, our observations suggested that two sets of two sucker rows are compressed to form the four rows. Therefore, the sucker‐formation processes are temporally and spatially different between arms and tentacles. In addition, S. lessoniana shows conserved and unique patterns of sucker formation in comparison with previously described species, suggesting that sucker formation patterns were diversified among Decapodiformes lineages.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Vietnamese male patients between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Hoai Bac Nguyen , Cao Thang Nguyen , Luong Thi Lan Anh , Nguyen Minh Nam , Duong Hong‐Quan , Than Van Thai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men is a serious issue because it is associated with genital warts, anogenital cancers, and HPV transmission to their sex partners. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of HPVs in Vietnamese male patients hospitalized with sexually transmitted infection (STI) symptoms between 2016 and 2020 by using polymerase chain reaction and reverse dot blot hybridization analysis. HPV DNA was detected in 191/941 (20.3%) penile cell samples. The HPV patient's mean age was 30.3 in the range of 16‐ and 69‐year‐old. The highest HPV prevalence (84.7%) was found in patients between 20‐ and 39‐year‐old. A total of 313 HPV genotypes were identified. The multiple‐infection rate was 42.9%. The most common high‐risk (HR)‐HPV genotypes were HPV‐16 (8.0%), HPV‐51 (7.7%), HPV‐52 (4.8%), HPV‐56 (4.2%), and HPV‐18 (3.8%). Furthermore, HPV‐11 and HPV‐6 genotypes were the two most common low‐risk (LR)‐HPV genotypes with the rate of 36.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Notably, HPV‐52 was found circulating in Vietnam for the first time. In conclusion, this study results showed that HPV prevalence in Vietnamese male patients was common and diverse. In addition, regarding public health and cancer prevention, the inclusion of the HPV vaccination into the national vaccination program for both men and women is recommended.
A large reduction of direct aerosol cooling over Poland in the last decades
Authors: Markowicz Krzysztof M. , Zawadzka‐Manko Olga , Posyniak Michal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the long‐term (1982–2015) variability of aerosol optical properties, as well as aerosol and greenhouse gases (GHG) direct radiative forcing (RF) in central Europe on the basis of MERRA‐2 reanalysis and ground‐based observation. Calculations of longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) RF were made with the use of the off‐line Fu‐Liou radiative transfer model and were preceded by the sensitivity study of the code's input parameters. Then, the long‐term mean as well as the annual variability for selected regions of aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing were analysed. The mean AOD trend was −0.056 ± 9% per decade and AOD was reduced by 48% between 1982 and 2015. While for 1982–1990 the trend per decade was −0.12 ± 20%, for 1991–2000 it was −0.17 ± 17% and only −0.02 ± 31% in the last 15 years (2001–2015). The trend of the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) was 1.52 ± 0.12 W·m−2/10 year and 1.21 ± 0.19 W·m−2/10 year at top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at Earth's surface, respectively. The trend for GHG was significantly smaller and it equalled 0.27 ± 0.01 W·m−2/10 year at TOA and 0.17 ± 0.01 W·m−2/10 year at the surface. Changes in GHG and aerosol direct effect produced additional 3.2 ± 0.2 W·m−2 at TOA, which could be associated with the observed regional climate warming. The change of the direct aerosol effect was about 4 times the GHG RF. The influence of aerosol loading reduction on the radiation budget was significantly higher in the 1990s of the 20th century in comparison to the first decades of the 21st. The effect of aerosol reduction has significant impact on air temperature changes during warm season and negligible during winter.
Something to chew on: technological aspects for novel snacks
Authors: Monteiro Cordeiro de Azeredo Henriette , Carvalho de Matos Matheus , Madazio Niro Carolina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSnacks have accompanied people for a long time, meeting our needs for something fast and filling between meals. Societies and technologies have changed, and so have snacks, adapting to people's daily lives, concerns, and demands. Although traditional snacks, such as potato chips, are still ubiquitous and popular worldwide, there is not unanimity around them anymore, since many people have been looking for healthier snacks. Studies have been carried out to propose healthier snack options by changing their composition and/or techniques to produce them, minimizing contents of energy‐dense components and/or maximizing the retention or bioavailability of nutrients. This mini‐review presents the main trends on development of snacks and future perspectives. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Impact of posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms on quality of life in adolescents after general traumatic injury
Authors: Martin‐Herz Susanne P. , McMahon Robert J. , Malzyner Stefanie , Chiang Nikki , Zatzick Douglas F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms have been associated with poorer health‐related quality of life in adolescents after general traumatic injuries; few studies have examined the broader construct of postinjury quality of life (QOL). We evaluated the impact of traumatic injury on adolescent QOL and examined factors that potentially contribute to poorer outcomes, using the Youth Quality of Life Instrument–Research Version as the outcome measure. Data were collected within 30 days postinjury and 2, 5, and 12 months postinjury. Mixed‐model regression (MMR) was used for the main analyses. Participants (N = 204) were drawn from a prospective cohort study of 12–18‐year‐olds admitted to a Level 1 trauma center (n = 108) and healthy participants from a local cross‐sectional study (n = 116); study group participants were significantly older. The initial MMR indicated that female adolescents had significantly lower QOL, B = −2.69, 95% CI [−4.68, −0.70], and were more likely to score above the cutoffs for PTSD (19.1% vs. 2.0%), χ2(1, N = 381) = 34.6, p < .001, or depression (32.8% vs. 14.0%), χ2(1, N = 381) = 18.7, p < .001, on post hoc analyses. Adolescents with mental health conditions in the year postinjury had significant QOL deficits without predicted improvements toward baseline, PTSD: B = −10.05, 95% CI [−15.29, −4.81]; depression: B = −18.00, 95% CI [−21.69, −14.31]. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing mental health monitoring and care for adolescents, particularly female adolescents, following traumatic injury even when physical recovery appears complete.
Premorbid traumatic stress and veteran responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fein‐Schaffer Dana , Hawn Sage E. , Annunziata Anthony J. , Ryabchenko Karen , Miller Mark W. , Wolf Erika J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had unprecedented effects on lifestyle stability and physical and mental health. We examined the impact of preexisting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and depression on biopsychosocial responses to the pandemic, including psychiatric symptoms, COVID‐19 exposure, and housing/financial stability, among 101 U.S. military veterans enrolled in a longitudinal study of PTSD, a population of particular interest given veterans’ trauma histories and defense‐readiness training. Participants (83.2% male, 79.2% White, Mage = 59.28 years) completed prepandemic, clinician‐administered psychiatric diagnostic interviews and a phone‐based assessment between May and September 2020 using a new measure, the Rapid Assessment of COVID‐19–Related Experiences (RACE), which was used to assess pandemic responses and its effects on mental and physical health; COVID‐19 diagnosis and testing were also extracted from electronic medical records. Multivariate regressions showed that, controlling for demographic characteristics, prepandemic PTSD, β = .332; p = .003, and AUD symptoms, β = .228; p = .028, were associated with increased pandemic‐related PTSD symptoms. Prepandemic AUD was associated with increased substance use during the pandemic, β = .391; p < .001, and higher rates of self‐reported or medical record–based COVID‐19 diagnosis, β = .264; p = .019. Minority race was associated with pandemic‐related housing/financial instability, β = −.372; p < .001, raising concerns of population inequities. The results suggest that preexisting PTSD and AUD are markers for adverse pandemic‐related psychiatric outcomes and COVID‐19 illness. These findings carry implications for the importance of targeting prevention and treatment efforts for the highest‐risk individuals.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 308‐nm excimer laser with intralesional corticosteroids for the treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Kianfar Nika , Dasdar Shayan , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Abedini Robabe , Fahim Shabnam , Hosseini Seyed Amirhossein , Daneshpazhooh Maryam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment for alopecia areata (AA). Recently, the 308‐nm excimer laser has been proposed for treating AA.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of excimer laser with intralesional corticosteroid (ILCS) in AA.MethodsPatients with at least two alopecic patches were randomly assigned to receive weekly excimer laser treatments or monthly injections of ILCS. Photographs and trichoscopy images were examined at baseline, the last treatment session, and after one month of follow‐up. The hair regrowth score was evaluated on a 6‐point scale.ResultsSixteen patients with 99 alopecic patches completed the study. At the last treatment session, the mean score of hair regrowth for the laser was significantly lower than the ILCS (p = 0.003). However, after a month of follow‐up, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.148). Positive response in hair regrowth (≥50%) was achieved in 47% of laser‐treated patches and 66% in ILCS‐treated ones. Four (25%) and 8 (50%) patients experienced severe adverse events of laser and ILCS, respectively.ConclusionsThe excimer laser was safe and effective in AA. The effect of laser on hair regrowth might be delayed as compared with ILCS.