bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Maths Anxiety among Paramedic Students
Authors: Khasawneh Eihab , Gosling Cameron , Williams Brett 
Published: February 2021

Introduction Maths anxiety is defined as feelings of tension that interfere with dealing with numbers and mathematical problems. Self-efficacy, which is related to maths anxiety, can be defined as perceptions of one's abilities to math problems, tasks and math-related course work. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gender, age and year level on maths anxiety and self-efficacy and to study the relationship between self-efficacy and maths anxiety among paramedic students. Methods A cross-sectional study of paramedic students at Monash University in Victoria was conducted. Participants completed a 15-minute paper-based questionnaire which is composed of Maths Anxiety Rating Scale – Revised (MARS-R),) the Maths Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) and demographic information. Results The questionnaires were completed and returned by 344 students. (81.3% return rate). The mean score for the MARS-R was 25.71 (SD=8.80) and for the MSES was 125.59 (SD=29.55). Females had higher maths anxiety levels (M=26.83, SD=9.00) than males (M=23.67, SD=8.26) and lower self-efficacy (M=119.59, SD=29.30) than males (M=135.73, SD=27.39). There was a significant negative relationship between MARS-R and MSES levels. Multiple linear regression indicated that maths self-efficacy (beta = -0.626, p<0.001) made the strongest contribution to maths anxiety levels. Conclusion There was a significant negative relationship between maths anxiety and self-efficacy levels reported by the paramedic student cohort. Gender plays an integral part in determining maths anxiety and self-efficacy level. To improve maths performance and reduce anxiety during calculation tasks, such as dose determinations, targeted education should be developed to improve maths self-efficacy.
Значимість рекламної діяльності для успішного функціонування підприємств харчової галузі в умовах зростаючої економічної конкуренції
Authors: Чорна О.Ю. , Христенко Л.М. , Горбас К.О. 
Published: February 2021

У статті розкрито зміст поняття «реклама», «рекламна діяльність», доведено значущість рекламної діяльності для успішного функціонування підприємств харчової галузі в умовах економічної конкуренції, виокремлено основні переваги рекламної діяльності підприємств, розглянуто складові елементи рекламної діяльності підприємств харчової галузі, досліджено рекламну діяльність ПрАТ «Куп’янський молочноконсервний комбінат» та її основних конкурентів в харчовій галузі, вирізнено проблемні питання рекламної діяльності підприємств харчової галузі та надано пропозиції щодо їх вирішення.
Сприйняття індивідуального продукту поколінням мілленіалів
Authors: Наумік-Гладка К.Г. , Литовченко І.В. , Кошарна В.В. 
Published: February 2021

В представленій роботі було визначено сутність індивідуального продукту та особливості його сприйняття.
В економічній науці однією з найбільш представлених точок зору є думка, що індивідуальний продукт - товар, який задовольняє потреби покупця найбільш повно - є одним з інструментів, що забезпечує більшу конкурентоспроможність компанії, яка його виробляє. Прихильники даної точки зору апріорі вважають, що це значить, що індивідуальний продукт в будь-якому випадку буде більш затребуваним, ніж продукт масового виробництва.
Зокрема, одним з актуальних і одночасно нових є аспект вивчення потреби в індивідуальному продукті і розгляд постулатів One-to-one-маркетингу в розрізі теорії поколінь і, зокрема, такої вікової групи, як мілленіалів.
У зв'язку з цим, держава повинна орієнтуватися на те, як вона задовольняє потреби і запити різних верств населення, враховуючи також, що питома вага такого покоління, як мілленіали, росте. Йому властиве не тільки захоплення гаджетами і їх активне застосування в усіх сферах життя, але і в цілому набагато більш значний інтерес до різних нових технологій. Окрім цього, дане покоління характеризується соціологами (зокрема, однієї з найбільших консалтингових компаній Ernst & Young) як одне з найбільш егоцентричних, особливо в порівнянні з більш молодими «Зумер» (або, як їх називають укрїнські вчені-соціологи, покоління Z).
Leukemia vaccine overcomes limitations of checkpoint blockade by evoking clonal T cell responses in a murine acute myeloid leukemia model
Authors: Stroopinsky Dina , Liegel Jessica , Bhasin Manoj , Cheloni Giulia , Thomas Beena , Bhasin Swati , Panchal Ruchit , Ghiasuddin Haider , Rahimian Maryam , Nahas Myrna , Orr Shira , Capelletti Marzia , Torres Daniela , Tacettin Cansu , Weinstock Matthew , Bisharat Lina , Morin Adam , Mahoney Kathleen M. , Ebert Benjamin , Stone Richard , Kufe Donald , Freeman Gordon J. , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Avigan David 
Published: February 2021

We have developed a personalized vaccine whereby patient derived leukemia cells are fused to autologous dendritic cells, evoking a polyclonal T cell response against shared and neo-antigens. We postulated that the dendritic cell (DC)/AML fusion vaccine would demonstrate synergy with checkpoint blockade by expanding tumor antigen specific lymphocytes that would provide a critical substrate for checkpoint blockade mediated activation.
Using an immunocompetent murine leukemia model, we examined the immunologic response and therapeutic efficacy of vaccination in conjunction with checkpoint blockade with respect to leukemia engraftment, disease burden, survival and the induction of tumor specific immunity.
Mice treated with checkpoint blockade alone had rapid leukemia progression and demonstrated only a modest extension of survival. Vaccination with DC/AML fusions resulted in the expansion of tumor specific lymphocytes and disease eradication in a subset of animals, while the combination of vaccination and checkpoint blockade induced a fully protective tumor specific immune response in all treated animals. Vaccination followed by checkpoint blockade resulted in upregulation of genes regulating activation and proliferation in memory and effector T cells. Long term survivors exhibited increased T cell clonal diversity and were resistant to subsequent tumor challenge.
The combined DC/AML fusion vaccine and checkpoint blockade treatment offers unique synergy inducing the durable activation of leukemia specific immunity, protection from lethal tumor challenge and the selective expansion of tumor reactive clones.
A ideologia do apartidarismo no ethos institucional do Congresso em Foco a partir de seu discurso autorreferencial
Authors: Oliveira de Medeiros Lucas , Dantas Lemos Daniel 
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender como a ideologia do apartidarismo se manifesta no ethos institucional analisado a partir do discurso autorreferencial do website jornalístico brasileiro Congresso em Foco. Embasamo-nos na teoria sobre o ethos discursivo na Análise do Discurso para analisar o ethos discursivo institucional do website, aplicando-a como abordagem teórico-metodológica. Foram analisados enunciados publicados em gêneros de apresentação de si, quais sejam, a página “Quem somos”, a marca, o slogan, o mídia kit e um editorial derivado da página “Quem somos”. Foram identificadas doze unidades de sentido no ethos discursivo institucional do Congresso em Foco: apartidarismo; defesa da democracia, direitos humanos e diversidade; independência; jornalismo para mudar; credibilidade; empreendedorismo; pioneirismo; pluralismo de vozes; profissionalismo; relevância; “cão de guarda”; e jornalismo político. O apartidarismo é tão significativo no ethos institucional do website que se pode afirmar que é a própria ideologia operada no seu discurso. Todo o seu ethos institucional é significado para reforçá-lo.
HIV-1 Productively Infects and Integrates in Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Devadoss Dinesh , Singh Shashi P. , Acharya Arpan , Do Kieu Chinh , Periyasamy Palsamy , Manevski Marko , Mishra Neerad , Tellez Carmen S. , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Belinsky Steven A. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Buch Shilpa , Chand Hitendra S. , Sopori Mohan 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe role of lung epithelial cells in HIV-1-related lung comorbidities remains unclear, and the major hurdle in curing HIV is the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs in people living with HIV (PLWH). The advent of combined antiretroviral therapy has considerably increased the life span; however, the incidence of chronic lung diseases is significantly higher among PLWH. Lung epithelial cells orchestrate the respiratory immune responses and whether these cells are productively infected by HIV-1 is debatable.MethodsNormal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) grown on air–liquid interface were infected with X4-tropic HIV-1LAV and examined for latency using latency-reversing agents (LRAs). The role of CD4 and CXCR4 HIV coreceptors in NHBEs were tested, and DNA sequencing analysis was used to analyze the genomic integration of HIV proviral genes, Alu-HIVgag-pol, HIV-nef, and HIV-LTR. Lung epithelial sections from HIV-infected humans and SHIV-infected macaques were analyzed by FISH for HIV-gag-pol RNA and epithelial cell-specific immunostaining.Results and DiscussionNHBEs express CD4 and CXCR4 at higher levels than A549 cells. NHBEs are infected with HIV-1 basolaterally, but not apically, by X4-tropic HIV-1LAV in a CXCR4/CD4-dependent manner leading to HIV-p24 antigen production; however, NHBEs are induced to express CCR5 by IL-13 treatment. In the presence of cART, HIV-1 induces latency and integration of HIV provirus in the cellular DNA, which is rescued by the LRAs (endotoxin/vorinostat). Furthermore, lung epithelial cells from HIV-infected humans and SHIV-infected macaques contain HIV-specific RNA transcripts. Thus, lung epithelial cells are targeted by HIV-1 and could serve as potential HIV reservoirs that may contribute to the respiratory comorbidities in PLWH.
Apremilast in Refractory Behçet’s Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Vieira Matheus , Buffier Solène , Vautier Mathieu , Le Joncour Alexandre , Jamilloux Yvan , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Bouillet Laurence , Lazaro Estibaliz , Barete Stéphane , Misery Laurent , Gobert Delphine , Goulenok Tiphaine , Fain Olivier , Sacre Karim , Sève Pascal , Cacoub Patrice , Comarmond Cloé , Saadoun David 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveMucocutaneous and joint disorders are the most common manifestations in Behçet’s syndrome (BS) and are frequently clustered in the so-called minor forms of BS. There remains a need for safe and effective treatment for joint lesions in BS. We report the long-term safety and effectiveness of apremilast in refractory joint and mucocutaneous manifestations of BS.MethodsFrench nationwide multicenter study including 50 BS patients with either active joint and/or mucocutaneous manifestations resistant to colchicine and/or DMARDs. Patients received apremilast 30 mg twice a day. Primary effectiveness endpoint was the proportion of patients with complete response (CR) of articular symptoms at month 6 (M6), defined as resolution of inflammatory arthralgia and arthritis, with joint count equal to zero.ResultsAt inclusion, the median tender and swollen joint count was of 4 [2-6] and 2 [1-2], respectively. The proportion of CR in joint disease at M6 was 65% (n = 15/23), and 17% (n = 4/23) were partial responders. CR of oral and genital ulcers, and pseudofolliculitis at M6 was 73% (n = 24/33), 94% (n = 16/17) and 71% (n = 10/14), respectively. The overall response at M6 was 74% for the entire cohort and 70% for the mucocutaneous-articular cluster (n = 27). The median Behçet’s syndrome activity score significantly decreased during study period [50 (40–60) vs. 20 (0–40); p &lt;0.0001]. After a median follow-up of 11 [6-13] months, 27 (54%) patients were still on apremilast. Reasons for apremilast withdrawal included adverse events (n = 15, 30%) and treatment failure (n = 8, 16%). Thirty-three (66%) patients experienced adverse events, mostly diarrhea (n = 19, 38%), nausea (n = 17, 34%) and headache (n = 16, 32%).ConclusionApremilast seems effective in BS-related articular disease refractory to colchicine and DMARDs. Discontinuation rates were significantly higher than that reported in clinical trials.
Comorbidities in a Cohort of 66 Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis Mutilans—Results From the Nordic PAM Study
Authors: Mistegård Josephine , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Lindqvist Ulla , Laasonen Leena , Ejstrup Leif , Ståhle Mona , Iversen Lars 
Published: February 2021

Objective: Psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) is the most severe phenotype of psoriatic arthritis due to excessive bone erosion causing joint destruction and decreased functional capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with PAM and the association between comorbidities and joint involvement.Methods: A total of 66 patients aged ≥18 years from the Nordic countries with past or present psoriasis along with at least one mutilated joint were included in the present study.Results: The median number of comorbid conditions per patient was 1 [interquartile range (IQR) 0–2] and 16.7% reported three or more comorbidities. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (36.4%). The median number of mutilated joints per patient was 3 (IQR 1–8.3; range 1–38).Conclusion: Two thirds of the patients with PAM reported comorbid conditions and the most frequent was hypertension which affected more than a third of the patients. However, this study was unable to detect any association between comorbidities and the severity of PAM.
Autochthonous and Travel Acquired Hepatitis E Virus in Australia
Authors: O’Keefe Jacinta , Tracy Lilly , Yuen Lilly , Bonanzinga Sara , Li Xin , Chong Brian , Nicholson Suellen , Jackson Kathy 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pregnant women. There are four major genotypes which can cause disease in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are usually associated with outbreaks and spread via facal/oral route or contaminated water. Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and usually associated with handling of pigs or consumption of contaminated pork. The strains circulating in Australia have never been characterized.Rationale/AimsThe aims for this project are to identify the HEV genotypes found in Australia and link them to possible sources of transmission by phylogenetic analysis.Materials and MethodsBetween 2015 and 2020, 91 HEV isolates were sequenced and genotyped using an in-house PCR. Sixty-six of these were also sequenced by using the international HEVnet primers. Genotypes were determined using the BLASTn program. Relatedness to other strains in Australia was determined by phylogenetic analyses of the HEVnet sequences. Isolates were also stratified by state of origin, gender, age, predisposing factors and travel history (if known).ResultsOf the 91 HEV isolates sequenced, 55 (60.4%) were genotype 1. There were 34 (37.4%) genotype 3 strains and two genotype 4 (2.2%). At least 20 of the genotype 1 strains have been linked to travel in India, and another three with Pakistan. Five of the “Indian” strains were closely related and are suspected to have originated in Gujarat. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that 12 genotype 3 strains were genetically related and potentially acquired in/from New South Wales, Australia. The two genotype 4 strains may have originated in China.DiscussionThis is the first study to describe the HEV isolates identified in Australia. The results infer that HEV may be acquired during overseas travel as well as locally, presumably from consumption of pork or pork-related products. The phylogenetic analyses also reveal clusters of infection originating from India and Pakistan. This study provides some insight into the source and epidemiology of HEV infection in Australia which may be used to guide public health procedure and enable the implementation of measures to deal with potential outbreaks of infection.
Risk Factors Influencing Seeking Emergency Medical Service in Urban and Rural China Among Participants With a Previous Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yuan Jing , Shan Guang-Liang , Li Sheng-De , Gao Chun-Peng , Cui Li-Ying , Peng Bin 
Published: February 2021

Objective: It is critical to identify factors that significantly impede the correct action of calling emergency medical service (EMS) in the high-risk population with a previous history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and further explore the urban–rural difference in China.Methods: Participants with previous TIA from the China National Stroke Screening Survey and its branch study (FAST-RIGHT) were interviewed cross-sectionally (n = 2,036). The associations between the outcome measure of not calling EMS and multiple potential risk factors were examined, including demographic information, live (or not) with families, medical insurance type, urban or rural residence, awareness of stroke symptoms, annual personal income, presence of cardiovascular disease or risk factors, and stroke history in family members or friends. The sample was further stratified to explore the urban–rural difference by their residency.Results: The proportion of not calling EMS was 36.8% among all participants with previous TIA, and these were 21.7 and 48.4% among urban and rural participants, respectively. Among rural participants, risk factors that were significantly associated with not calling EMS included primary school education [odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–3.33], living with family (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.33–3.36), unaware stroke symptoms (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.81–3.78), and low income (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19–2.07). Among urban participants, only low income was significantly associated with an increased risk of not calling EMS (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.10–2.72).Conclusions: Rural residents with previous TIA in China had a higher percentage of not calling EMS. Multiple risk factors have been identified that call for targeted intervention strategies.
Dual Energy Computed Tomography of Internal Carotid Artery: A Modified Dual-Energy Algorithm for Calcified Plaque Removal, Compared With Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: Qu Hongying , Gao Yongan , Li Meiling , Zhai Shuo , Zhang Miao , Lu Jie 
Published: February 2021

Background: Atherosclerotic disease of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a common reason for ischemic stroke. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a common tool for evaluation of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. However, blooming artifacts caused by calcified plaques might lead to overestimation of the stenosis grade. Furthermore, the intracranial ICA is more vulnerable to calcification than other ICA segments. The proposed technique, dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with a modified three-material decomposition algorithm may facilitate the removal of calcified plaques and thus increase diagnostic accuracy.Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the accuracy of the modified three-material decomposition algorithm for grading intracranial ICA stenosis after calcified plaque removal, with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) used as a reference standard.Materials and Methods: In total, 41 patients underwent DECT angiography and DSA. The three-material decomposition DECT algorithm for calcium removal was applied. We evaluated 64 instances of calcified stenosis using conventional CTA, the previous non-modified calcium removal DECT technique, the modified DECT algorithm, and DSA. The correlation coefficient (r2) between the results generated by the modified algorithm and DSA was also calculated.Results: The virtual non-calcium images (VNCa) produced by the previous non-modified calcium removal algorithm were named VNCa 1, and those produced by the modified algorithm were named VNCa 2. The assigned degree of stenosis of VNCa 1 (mean stenosis: 39.33 ± 19.76%) differed significantly from that of conventional CTA images (mean stenosis: 59.03 ± 25.96%; P = 0.001), DSA (13.19 ± 17.12%, P &lt; 0.001). VNCa 1 also significantly differed from VNCa 2 (mean stenosis: 15.35 ± 18.70%, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the degree of stenosis of VNCa 2 and conventional CTA images (P &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed between VNCa 2 and DSA (P = 0.076). The correlation coefficient (r2) between the stenosis degree of the VNCa 2 and DSA images was 0.991.Conclusions: The proposed DECT with a modified three-material decomposition algorithm for calcium removal has high sensitivity for the detection of relevant stenoses, and its results were more strongly correlated with DSA than with those of conventional CTA or the previous non-modified algorithm. Further, it overcomes CTA's previous problem of overestimating the degree of stenosis because of blooming artifacts caused by calcified plaques. It is useful to account for calcified plaques while evaluating carotid stenosis.
Extent of FLAIR Hyperintense Vessels May Modify Treatment Effect of Thrombolysis: A Post hoc Analysis of the WAKE-UP Trial
Authors: Grosch Anne Sophie , Kufner Anna , Boutitie Florent , Cheng Bastian , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Fiehler Jens , Königsberg Alina , Lemmens Robin , Muir Keith W. , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Siemonsen Claus Z. , Thijs Vincent , Wouters Anke , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Galinovic Ivana 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense vessels (FHVs) on MRI are a radiological marker of vessel occlusion and indirect sign of collateral circulation. However, the clinical relevance is uncertain. We explored whether the extent of FHVs is associated with outcome and how FHVs modify treatment effect of thrombolysis in a subgroup of patients with confirmed unilateral vessel occlusion from the randomized controlled WAKE-UP trial.Methods: One hundred sixty-five patients were analyzed. Two blinded raters independently assessed the presence and extent of FHVs (defined as the number of slices with visible FHV multiplied by FLAIR slice thickness). Patients were then separated into two groups to distinguish between few and extensive FHVs (dichotomization at the median &lt;30 or ≥30).Results: Here, 85% of all patients (n = 140) and 95% of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion patients (n = 127) showed FHVs at baseline. Between MCA occlusion patients with few and extensive FHVs, no differences were identified in relative lesion growth (p = 0.971) and short-term [follow-up National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score; p = 0.342] or long-term functional recovery [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) &lt;2 at 90 days poststroke; p = 0.607]. In linear regression analysis, baseline extent of FHV (defined as a continuous variable) was highly associated with volume of hypoperfused tissue (β = 2.161; 95% CI 0.96–3.36; p = 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis adjusted for treatment group, stroke severity, lesion volume, occlusion site, and recanalization, FHV did not modify functional recovery. However, in patients with few FHVs, the odds for good functional outcome (mRS) were increased in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) patients compared to those who received placebo [odds ratio (OR) = 5.3; 95% CI 1.2–24.0], whereas no apparent benefit was observed in patients with extensive FHVs (OR = 1.1; 95% CI 0.3–3.8), p-value for interaction was 0.11.Conclusion: While the extent of FHVs on baseline did not alter the evolution of stroke in terms of lesion progression or functional recovery, it may modify treatment effect and should therefore be considered relevant additional information in those patients who are eligible for intravenous thrombolysis.Clinical Trial Registration: Main trial (WAKE-UP): ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01525290; and EudraCT, 2011-005906-32. Registered February 2, 2012.