bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half‐cascaded multilevel inverter coupled to photovoltaic power source for AC‐voltage synthesizer of dynamic voltage restorer to enhance voltage quality
Authors: Darvish Falehi Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDue to significant growth of the industrial companies and domestic electricity consumers along with appearance of the sensitive electrical and electronic equipment, the proper standard services have been more requested to provide high‐quality electrical energy. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a custom power electronic which is located in series with sensitive load and grid to mitigate the voltage sag and swell by injecting the relevant compensating voltage. High cost price of this compensator is related to its power supplies that it is replaced with renewable energy to make it cost‐effectiveness and eco‐friendly. Furthermore, the structure of multilevel inverter has a significant effect on providing high‐quality compensating voltage. In this paper, a novel HCMLI coupled to photovoltaic power source is proposed as AC‐voltage synthesizer for DVR to accurately compensate any voltage disturbances. Photovoltaic system can provide the required DC voltage with respect to voltage fluctuation range with low distortion. The step‐creation capability and cost‐effectiveness of the DVR based on proposed AC voltage synthesizer have been thoroughly evaluated. Feasibility of this multilevel inverter has correspondingly validated by the experimental results. Likewise, the performance of proposed DVR has been compared with conventional DVR and evaluated under different types of voltage disturbances. At last, the simulation results have confirmed the compensation capability of proposed DVR with proposed AC‐voltage synthesizer as compared with the conventional DVR to mitigate different sags and swells.
Evaluation of precipitation datasets available on Google earth engine over India
Authors: Dubey Saket , Gupta Harshit , Goyal Manish Kumar , Joshi Nitin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonthly mean precipitation estimates of seven products (TerraClimate, TRMM, CHIRPS, PERSIANN‐CDR, GPM‐IMERG, ERA5 and CFSR) available on Google earth engine (GEE) are evaluated against gridded gauge‐based precipitation product available from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) for their skills and presence of systematic biases (during 2001–2018). All these products represent the climatological features reasonably well. Presence of systematic biases in these products is also observed from their evaluation. Biases across the periphery of the country are relatively on the higher side in comparison to the central regions. The magnitude of spatial variability is represented better for winter precipitation in comparison to summer precipitation. During both winter and summer, ensemble mean of various products outperforms individual products in terms of both RMSE and correlation. Performance of these products is also assessed across various Indian states, elevation bands and climate zones. The ability of these products to represent the seasonality was observed to be highest for the states with mid‐ranged peaks (10–20 mm·day−1) which tend to decrease with both increasing and decreasing peaks. Ability of the precipitation products to resemble the annual cycle does not vary with the amount of precipitation, although individual disparity among the products exists. Additionally, an alternative approach for data evaluation using Multiple Triple Collocation (MTC) was performed for the period 2001–2015 using an additional dataset obtained from soil‐moisture‐based rainfall estimates (SM2RAIN). Results from MTC convey that ERA5 performs relatively poor in comparison to the other products for central India followed by CFSR. In brief, the comprehensive evaluation of precipitation products reported herein will act a valuable reference for the researchers as well as decision makers to select the optimal product for their intended application and will inform the users about the various uncertainties in the foundations and specification of these products.
Comparison of ERA5 surface wind speed climatologies over Europe with observations from the HadISD dataset
Authors: Molina María O. , Gutiérrez Claudia , Sánchez Enrique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding space–time features of wind speed is of high interest in meteorology and several applied sciences. Accurate wind speed measurements in combination with reliable gridded products, such as reanalyses, are needed to address the main characteristics of the wind field. Hourly 10 m wind speed from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) latest reanalysis (ERA5) is compared with HadISD wind observations from 245 stations across Europe. Averaged ERA5 hourly data is able to reproduce the annual cycle of monthly wind speed in Europe. ERA5 presents slightly larger (shorter) monthly medians in winter (summer) than observations. ERA5 is compared against observations for each station using a frequency distribution‐based score (score, from 0 to 1). Most of the stations exhibit hourly scores ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, indicating that ERA5 is able to reproduce the wind speed spectrum range, from light to strong relative frequencies, for any location over Europe. Ranges of mean values, variability, distribution function parameters and high or low wind thresholds frequencies are shown for this ensemble of European stations, allowing for an overall description of wind features. Generally, there is no clear relationship between scores and the variables analysed. The correlation and scores between ERA5 and HadISD is even further increased at longer time frequencies (6–24 hourly), together with centred root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and standard deviation decreases. Hourly wind data from ERA5 reanalysis is, despite some shortcomings, valuable information to perform further detailed studies with a regular spatial and time wind distribution, from the climatological or renewable energy perspectives, for example.
A historical climate dataset for southwestern Australia, 1830–1875
Authors: Gergis Joëlle , Baillie Zak , Ingallina Stefan , Ashcroft Linden , Ellwood Tessa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSouthwestern Australia is a high priority area for climate research as there has been a significant, anthropogenically influenced winter rainfall decline detected in the region since 1970. Here we present the oldest daily historical climate dataset for Perth, southwestern Australia, to provide an extended record for analysing pre‐industrial climate variability and extremes from the region. This newly digitized record contains sub‐daily observations of temperature, barometric pressure, wind direction and weather remarks, including rain days, from 1830 to 1875. Following quality control and homogeneity adjustments, we demonstrate that the historical dataset reliably resolves modern characteristics of Perth's weather and climate variability, including the seasonal cycle and the ability to capture daily extremes like storm and heatwave events. We compare covariations in temperature, pressure, wind and rain days to cross‐verify our historical dataset against modern observations for Perth. We also use the historical dataset, modern Australian Bureau of Meteorology observations, the Twentieth Century Reanalysis, and historical documents to further validate our results. The multivariate method introduced in this study demonstrates that using multiple variables and data sources is a useful approach to reconstruct past variability, extremes and their societal impacts from historical observations. This is the first long instrumental record to be developed for southwestern Australia; an important region for observing pre‐industrial Indian and Southern Ocean variability and extremes. The new record from Perth provides 19th century data from a data sparse region of the Southern Hemisphere that can now be compared with daily observations from South Africa, New Zealand and southeastern Australia. This comparison will improve our understanding of contemporary changes in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation.
Comprehensive evaluation of an improved large‐scale multi‐site weather generator for Germany
Authors: Nguyen Viet Dung , Merz Bruno , Hundecha Yeshewatesfa , Haberlandt Uwe , Vorogushyn Sergiy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a comprehensive evaluation of a stochastic multi‐site, multi‐variate weather generator at the scale of entire Germany and parts of the neighbouring countries covering the major German river basins Elbe, Upper Danube, Rhine, Weser and Ems with a total area of approximately 580,000 km2. The regional weather generator, which is based on a first‐order multi‐variate auto‐regressive model, is setup using 53‐year long daily observational data at 528 locations. The performance is evaluated by investigating the ability of the weather generator to replicate various important statistical properties of the observed variables including precipitation occurrence and dry/wet transition probabilities, mean daily and extreme precipitation, multi‐day precipitation sums, spatial correlation structure, areal precipitation, mean daily and extreme temperature and solar radiation. We explore two marginal distributions for daily precipitation amount: mixed Gamma‐Generalized Pareto and extended Generalized Pareto. Furthermore, we introduce a new procedure to estimate the spatial correlation matrix and model mean daily temperature and solar radiation. The extensive evaluation reveals that the weather generator is greatly capable of capturing most of the crucial properties of the weather variables, particularly of extreme precipitation at individual locations. Some deficiencies are detected in capturing spatial precipitation correlation structure that leads to an overestimation of areal precipitation extremes. Further improvement of the spatial correlation structure is envisaged for future research. The mixed marginal model found to outperform the extended Generalized Pareto in our case. The use of power transformation in combination with normal distribution significantly improves the performance for non‐precipitation variables. The weather generator can be used to generate synthetic event footprints for large‐scale trans‐basin flood risk assessment.
Formation and thermal and colloidal stability of oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized using quinoa and lentil protein blends
Authors: Alonso‐Miravalles Loreto , Zannini Emanuele , Bez Juergen , Arendt Elke K , O'Mahony James A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe amino acid composition, and rheological, thermal and colloidal stability of plant protein‐based oil‐in‐water emulsion systems containing 1.90, 3.50 and 7.70 g 100 mL−1 protein, fat and carbohydrate, respectively, using quinoa and lentil protein ratios of 100:0 and 60:40 were investigated. The emulsion containing lentil protein showed lower initial, peak and final viscosity values (22.7, 61.7 and 61.6 mPa s, respectively) than the emulsion formulated with quinoa protein alone (34.3, 102 and 80.0 mPa s, respectively) on heat treatment.RESULTSParticle size analysis showed that both samples had small particle sizes (~1.36 μm) after homogenization; however, the sample with 60:40 quinoa:lentil protein ratio showed greater physical stability, likely related to the superior emulsifying properties of lentil protein. However, upon heat treatment, large aggregates (~100 μm) were formed in both samples, reducing the physical stability of the samples. This physical stability was increased with the addition of 0.20% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), whereas it was negatively affected by the addition of α‐amylase. Addition of α‐amylase led to lower viscosity for both emulsion samples, with measured values of 41.8 and 46.0 mPa s for the 100:0 and 60:40 samples, respectively. This suggests that the heat‐induced increases in particle size were partially due to hydrophobic interactions between the proteins as SDS disrupts hydrophobic bonds between proteins.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated that using a mixture of lentil and quinoa proteins positively affected the physical stability of plant protein‐based emulsions, in addition to contributing to a more nutritionally complete amino acid profile – both important considerations in the development of plant‐based beverages. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mediterranean lifestyle patterns are associated with cognition in older adults
Authors: Mamalaki Eirini , Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Kosmidis Mary H. , Yannakoulia Mary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, research interest has shifted to the study of overall lifestyle, rather than individual lifestyle factors, in relation to health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different lifestyle patterns, close to the concept of the Mediterranean lifestyle, using both a priori and a posteriori methods, with cognition of older adults, free of dementia.MethodsA total of 1726 participants ≥65 years old (59% women) from the HELIAD study were included in the present cross‐sectional analysis. Diet, physical activity, sleep, social life, and daily functioning were assessed using standard, validated questionnaires. A comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment was conducted, evaluating all cognitive domains: memory, executive functions, visual–spatial perception, language, and attention‐processing speed, as well as global cognitive functioning.ResultsTwo lifestyle indices were constructed on the basis of the Mediterranean lifestyle, whereas principal component analysis was used to generate lifestyle patterns. The results showed that the two indices and the Mediterranean diet and activities pattern as well as the Mediterranean diet and social contacts pattern were positively associated with almost all major cognitive domains as well as global cognitive functioning. Specifically, every unit increase in one of the lifestyle indices, consisting of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, sleep quality, physical activity, and daily functioning, was associated with 9.8%, 7.1%, 6.8%, 7.2%, and 8.5% increased odds of better memory, executive function, visual–spatial perception, language, and global cognitive functioning, respectively.ConclusionsOur results showed that a healthy lifestyle, close to the concept of the Mediterranean lifestyle, independently of the approach used to define it, was positively associated with cognitive function in older adults. Thus, health experts should also consider overall lifestyle when screening for cognitive deficits in this vulnerable age group.
Patients who meet electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP rarely present with a sensory predominant DSP phenotype
Authors: Davalos Long , London Zachary N. , Stino Amro M. , Gallagher Gary W. , Callaghan Brian C. , Wieland Clare M. , Nowacek Dustin G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown how often patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), a potentially treatable condition, present with a distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP) phenotype.MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients who presented to our electrodiagnostic laboratory between January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, and fulfilled electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP to identify those who presented with a sensory predominant DSP phenotype.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐two patients had a chronic acquired demyelinating neuropathy, of whom 138 met criteria for typical or atypical CIDP. Nine of these patients presented with a sensory predominant DSP phenotype, among whom six were eventually diagnosed with distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy; one with Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein, Skin changes (POEMS) syndrome; and two with idiopathic DSP. The prevalence of acquired chronic demyelinating neuropathies among all patients presenting with a DSP phenotype was estimated to be 0.34%.DiscussionPatients who meet electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP rarely present with a sensory predominant DSP phenotype, and electrodiagnostic testing rarely identifies treatable demyelinating neuropathies in patients who present with a DSP phenotype.
Point‐Counterpoint: Indirect Calorimetry Is not Necessary for Optimal Nutrition Therapy in Critical Illness
Authors: McClave Stephen A. , Omer Endashaw 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClinicians have widely recognized that indirect calorimetry (IC) is the “gold standard” for measuring energy expenditure (EE) and thus would intuitively anticipate that its use would be needed to provide optimal nutrition support in critical illness. Recent studies in the literature as well as dramatic changes in clinical practice over the past decade, though, would suggest that such a precise measure by IC to set energy goals is not required to maximize clinical benefit from early feeding in the intensive care unit (ICU). Results from randomized controlled trials evaluating permissive underfeeding, use of supplemental parenteral nutrition to achieve tight calorie control, and caloric density of formulas to increase energy delivery have provided an important perspective on 3 pertinent issues. First, a simple weight‐based predictive equation (25 kcal/kg/day) provides a clinically useful approximation of EE. Second, a precise measure of EE by IC does not appear to improve outcomes compared with use of this less accurate estimation of energy requirements. And third, providing some percentage of requirements (50%–80%), achieves similar clinical benefit to full feeding (100%) in the early phases of critical illness. The value from IC use lies in the determination of caloric requirements in conditions for which weight‐based equations are rendered inaccurate (anasarca, amputation, severe obesity) or the clinical state is markedly altered (such as the prolonged hyperinflammatory state of coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19]). In most other circumstances, routine use of IC would not be expected to change clinical outcomes from early nutrition therapy in the ICU.
Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) across countries: Measurement invariance issues
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ying , Hou Wen‐Li , Mamun Mohammed A. , Aparecido da Silva José , Broche‐Pérez Yunier , Ullah Irfan , Masuyama Akihiro , Wakashima Koubun , Mailliez Mélody , Carre Arnaud , Chen Yu‐Pin , Chang Kun‐Chia , Kuo Yi‐Jie , Soraci Paolo , Scarf Damian , Broström Anders , Griffiths Mark D. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThe threats of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have caused fears worldwide. The Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S) was recently developed to assess the fear of COVID‐19. Although many studies found that the FCV‐19S is psychometrically sound, it is unclear whether the FCV‐19S is invariant across countries. The present study aimed to examine the measurement invariance of the FCV‐19S across eleven countries.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsUsing data collected from prior research on Bangladesh (N = 8,550), United Kingdom (N = 344), Brazil (N = 1,843), Taiwan (N = 539), Italy (N = 249), New Zealand (N = 317), Iran (N = 717), Cuba (N = 772), Pakistan (N = 937), Japan (N = 1,079) and France (N = 316), comprising a total 15,663 participants, the present study used the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Rasch differential item functioning (DIF) to examine the measurement invariance of the FCV‐19S across country, gender and age (children aged below 18 years, young to middle‐aged adults aged between 18 and 60 years, and older people aged above 60 years).ResultsThe unidimensional structure of the FCV‐19S was confirmed. Multigroup CFA showed that FCV‐19S was partially invariant across country and fully invariant across gender and age. DIF findings were consistent with the findings from multigroup CFA. Many DIF items were displayed for country, few DIF items were displayed for age, and no DIF items were displayed for gender.ConclusionBased on the results of the present study, the FCV‐19S is a good psychometric instrument to assess fear of COVID‐19 during the pandemic period. Moreover, the use of FCV‐19S is supported in at least ten countries with satisfactory psychometric properties.
Diagnostic accuracy and cytomorphological spectrum of Wilms tumour in fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology samples supplemented with cell blocks
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Srinivasan Radhika , Trehan Amita , Rohilla Manish , Kakkar Nandita , Bansal Deepak , Dey Pranab , Gupta Nalini , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Kirti , Saxena Akshay , Menon Prema , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivePaediatric malignant renal neoplasms are subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as per Societe Internationale d'Oncologie Pediatrique; International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocol. An accurate tissue diagnosis is required prior to institution of chemotherapy, and hence the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) along with cell block histology.Materials and MethodsA retrospective audit of all paediatric renal neoplasms diagnosed by FNABC between 2015 and 2019 was performed. Histopathology correlation was done wherever available. WT cases were subjected to detailed cytomorphological evaluation.ResultsA total of 121 cases of paediatric renal neoplasms including 109 WT, four clear cell sarcoma, one malignant rhabdoid tumour and three mesoblastic nephroma were evaluated. The age range was 4 weeks to 8 years. FNABC samples were adequate for diagnosis in 120 of 121 cases (99.18%) and a definitive cytological diagnosis was achieved in 117 cases (96.7%). The specificity and sensitivity for a cytopathological diagnosis of WT were 98.7% and 97.4%, respectively. On detailed cytomorphological analysis of 68 histopathology‐proven WT, 40 (58.8%) cases were triphasic, 23 (35.3%) were biphasic and four were composed of blastema only. The corresponding cell blocks provided additional information over the conventional smears in 23 (33.8%) cases, with epithelial or mesenchymal elements recognised and evidence of rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.ConclusionFNABC along with cell block histology is highly accurate for diagnosis of WT and other malignant paediatric renal neoplasms and is recommended as the technique of choice in centres with cytopathology expertise for establishing a cellular diagnosis prior to commencement of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Proteomic analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation induced by exogenous expression of oncogenic kinase fusions identified in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wagner Sebastian A. , Szczesniak Pawel P. , Voigt Andrea , Gräf Justus F. , Beli Petra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractKinase fusions are considered oncogenic drivers in numerous types of cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma 5–10% of patients harbor kinase fusions. The most frequently detected kinase fusion involves the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and Echinoderm Microtubule‐associated protein‐Like 4 (EML4). In addition, oncogenic kinase fusions involving the tyrosine kinases RET and ROS1 are found in smaller subsets of patients. In this study, we employed quantitative mass spectrometry‐based phosphoproteomics to define the cellular tyrosine phosphorylation patterns induced by different oncogenic kinase fusions identified in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We show that exogenous expression of the kinase fusions in HEK 293T cells leads to widespread tyrosine phosphorylation. Direct comparison of different kinase fusions demonstrates that the kinase part and not the fusion partner primarily defines the phosphorylation pattern. The tyrosine phosphorylation patterns differed between ALK, ROS1, and RET fusions, suggesting that oncogenic signaling induced by these kinases involves the modulation of different cellular processes.