bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and phylogenetic insights from a nuclear genome sequence of the extinct, giant, “subfossil” koala lemurMegaladapis edwardsi
Authors: Marciniak Stephanie , Mughal Mehreen R. , Godfrey Laurie R. , Bankoff Richard J. , Randrianatoandro Heritiana , Crowley Brooke E. , Bergey Christina M. , Muldoon Kathleen M. , Randrianasy Jeannot , Raharivololona Brigitte M. , Schuster Stephan C. , Malhi Ripan S. , Yoder Anne D. , Louis Edward E. , Kistler Logan , Perry George H. 
Published: June 2021

SignificanceBased on “subfossil” skeletal remains it is known that multiple now-extinct giant lemur (primate) species with estimated body masses of up to ∼160 kg survived on Madagascar into the past millennium. In this study, we used ancient DNA methods to sequence the nuclear genome of one of these megafaunal lemurs,Megaladapis edwardsi(∼85 kg). With the power of the nuclear genome, we robustly resolved the phylogenetic relationship betweenMegaladapisand other lemurs, which had been a lingering uncertainty. We also identified multiple signatures of past positive natural selection across theM. edwardsigenome that support reconstructions of this taxon as a large-bodied, specialized folivore.
Immunogenicity and efficacy of the COVID-19 candidate vector vaccine MVA-SARS-2-S in preclinical vaccination
Authors: Tscherne Alina , Schwarz Jan Hendrik , Rohde Cornelius , Kupke Alexandra , Kalodimou Georgia , Limpinsel Leonard , Okba Nisreen M. A. , Bošnjak Berislav , Sandrock Inga , Odak Ivan , Halwe Sandro , Sauerhering Lucie , Brosinski Katrin , Liangliang Nan , Duell Elke , Jany Sylvia , Freudenstein Astrid , Schmidt Jörg , Werner Anke , Gellhorn Serra Michelle , Klüver Michael , Guggemos Wolfgang , Seilmaier Michael , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Förster Reinhold , Haagmans Bart L. , Becker Stephan , Sutter Gerd , Volz Asisa 
Published: June 2021

Significance
The highly attenuated vaccinia virus MVA is licensed as smallpox vaccine; as a vector it is a component of the approved adenovirus-MVA–based prime-boost vaccine against Ebola virus disease. Here, we provide results from testing the COVID-19 candidate vaccine MVA-SARS-2-S, a poxvirus-based vector vaccine that proceeded to clinical evaluation. When administered by intramuscular inoculation, MVA-SARS-2-S expresses and safely delivers the full-length SARS-CoV-2 S protein, inducing balanced SARS-CoV-2–specific cellular and humoral immunity, and protective efficacy in vaccinated mice. Substantial clinical experience has been gained with MVA vectors using homologous and heterologous prime-boost applications, including the immunization of children and immunocompromised individuals. Thus, MVA-SARS-2-S represents an important resource for developing further optimized COVID-19 vaccines.
Lateral gate dynamics of the bacterial translocon during cotranslational membrane protein insertion
Authors: Mercier Evan , Wang Xiaolin , Maiti Manisankar , Wintermeyer Wolfgang , Rodnina Marina V. 
Published: June 2021

Significance
Membrane proteins are inserted into the phospholipid bilayer through a lateral gate in the translocon, SecYEG in bacteria, which is expected to be closed in the resting state. Here, we use single-molecule FRET to study the translocon dynamics on timescales ranging from submilliseconds to seconds. We show that the lateral gate is highly dynamic, fluctuating through a continuum of states from open to closed. The insertase YidC facilitates the insertion of transmembrane helices by shifting the fluctuations toward more open conformations. Spontaneous fluctuations allow the gate to rapidly release newly synthesized transmembrane segments into the phospholipid bilayer during ongoing translation. The results highlight the important role of rapid spontaneous fluctuations during the key step in the biogenesis of inner-membrane proteins.
On the periphery of university physics: trainee physics teachers’ experiences of learning undergraduate physics
Authors: Larsson Johanna , Airey John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh school physics teachers have a difficult job to do. On the one hand, they are charged with contributing to the creation of a scientifically literate society, while on the other they play a pivotal role in the recruitment of future physicists. Given the importance of this dual role, one might expect that the training of future physics teachers would be a priority for any physics department. However, research suggests that this is often not the case. While concerns have been raised about future physics teachers’ understanding of physics content, less work has focussed on the sociocultural experiences of the learning environments trainees meet when learning undergraduate physics. This case study examines how a sample of trainee physics teachers perceive learning undergraduate physics content together with engineering and physics bachelor students in a large, high-status, research-oriented physics department. The findings aim to be of interest to physics lecturers when examining their own practice. We interviewed 17 trainee physics teachers about their experiences of learning undergraduate physics, how they perceived the relevance of their physics courses for their future role as teachers, and how this affected their physics learning. Here, we identified four central themes of the students’ experiences: (1) teacher programme invisibility, (2) passive classroom culture, (3) perceived relevance of physics courses, and (4) no incentive to do well in physics. We discuss how this study illustrates the potential struggles trainee physics teachers may encounter when learning undergraduate physics. We also suggest how our findings may be used to inform the practice of university physics lecturers who come in contact with trainee physics teachers, and comment on the structure and organization of physics teacher education as a whole.
Implementation of a triage monitoring program for internal exposure to short-lived radionuclides in Israel—challenges and recommendations
Authors: Shukrun R H , Epstein L , Koch J , Benmaman D , Buchbinder L , Cohen S , Veinguer M , Datz H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Monitoring internal exposure to short-lived radionuclides is challenging, due to the frequent measurements required. ISO Standard 16 637 and the Swiss Personal Dosimetry Ordinance describe a screening measurement (triage monitoring) conducted in the workplace to identify workers suspected of internal exposure. Based on a previous study that examined the feasibility of using several commonly found radiation monitors in Israel in a triage monitoring program, we conducted a pilot study towards the implementation of triage monitoring in nuclear medicine facilities in Israel. The pilot study was conducted while considering the current Israeli regulations and local safety culture. We implemented the triage monitoring program in three nuclear medicine facilities in Israel, with a total of 55 monitored workers. The pilot study consisted of two stages: a short-term stage conducted in the largest manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals in Israel and a long-term stage in two nuclear medicine departments in Israel. During the first stage of the study, participants were asked to conduct a daily measurement at the end of the workday and send a urine sample to the national internal dosimetry laboratory. The second stage lasted 5 months in a major hospital and 18 months in a regional hospital. The workers were asked to perform the measurement at the end of the shift and send a urine sample if a defined threshold had been crossed. The mean participation rate in the long-term stage (>70%) indicates that implementation of the triage monitoring program could be successful in Israel. Based on the findings of the study, practical recommendations are listed: suitable monitoring devices, allocating a monitoring location, time of measurement, training of the workers, record keeping and coordination with a certified dosimetry laboratory. The pilot study recommendations were submitted to the Israel Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene at the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs and Social Services.
Overview of epidemiological studies of nuclear workers: opportunities, expectations, and limitations
∗
Authors: Wakeford Richard 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological studies of those exposed occupationally to ionising radiation offer an important opportunity to directly check the assumptions underlying the international system of radiological protection against low-level radiation exposures. Recent nuclear worker studies, notably the International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS) and studies of the Mayak workforce in Russia, provide powerful investigations of a wide range of cumulative photon doses received at a low dose-rate over protracted periods, and broadly confirm radiation-related excess risks of leukaemia and solid cancers at around the levels predicted by standard risk models derived mainly from the experience of the Japanese atomic-bomb survivors acutely exposed principally to gamma radiation. However, the slope of the dose-response for solid cancers expressed in terms of the excess relative risk per unit dose, ERR/Gy, differs between INWORKS and Mayak, such that when compared with the slope derived from the atomic-bomb survivors, INWORKS does not provide obvious support for the use in radiological protection of a dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor greater than one whereas the Mayak workforce apparently does. This difference could be a chance effect, but it could also point to potential problems with these worker studies. Of particular concern is the adequacy of recorded doses received in the early years of operations at older nuclear installations, such as the potential for ‘missed’ photon doses. A further issue is how baseline cancer rates may influence radiation-related excess risks. There is scope for a considerable increase in the statistical power of worker studies, with longer follow-up capturing more deaths and incident cases of cancer, and further workforces being included in collaborative studies, but the difficulties posed by dosimetry questions should not be ignored and need to be the subject of detailed scrutiny.
Growth rates of orbits in non-periodic twist maps and a theorem by Neishtadt
Authors: Kunze Markus , Ortega Rafael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider non-periodic holomorphic twist maps of the form

θ

1

=
θ
+

1

r

α

(

γ
+

F

1

(

θ
,
r

)

)

,

r

1

=
r
+

r

1
−
α

F

2

(

θ
,
r

)

,

for α ∈ ]0, 1[ and

γ
∈
R
\

0

. Under appropriate assumptions on F
1, F
2 and a primitive

h

of r
1 dθ
1 − r dθ it is shown that

r

n

=
O

(

(

log

n

)

1
/
α

)

, if

(

θ

n

,

r

n

)

n
∈

N

0

is a forward complete real orbit of the map.
Random composition of L-S-V maps sampled over large parameter ranges
Authors: Bose Christopher , Quas Anthony , Tanzi Matteo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Liverani–Saussol–Vaienti (L–S–V) maps form a family of piecewise differentiable dynamical systems on [0, 1] depending on one parameter

ω
∈

R

+

. These maps are everywhere expanding apart from a neutral fixed point. It is well known that depending on the amount of expansion close to the neutral point, they have either an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure and polynomial decay of correlations (ω < 1), or a unique physical measure that is singular and concentrated at the neutral point (ω > 1). In this paper, we study the composition of L–S–V maps whose parameters are randomly sampled from a range in

R

+

, and where these two contrasting behaviours are mixed. We show that if the parameters ω < 1 are sampled with positive probability, then the stationary measure of the random system is absolutely continuous; the annealed decay rate of correlations is close (or in some cases equal) to the fastest rate of decay among those of the sampled systems; and suitably rescaled Birkhoff averages converge to limit laws. In contrast to previous studies where ω ∈ [0, 1], we allow ω > 1 in our sampling distribution. We also show that one can obtain similar decay of correlation rates for

ω
∈

R

+

, when sampling is done with respect to a family of smooth, heavy-tailed distributions.
The stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and logarithmic potential
Authors: Scarpa Luca 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We prove existence of martingale solutions for the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and multiplicative Wiener noise. The potential is allowed to be of logarithmic or double-obstacle type. By extending to the stochastic framework a regularization procedure introduced by Elliott and Garcke in the deterministic setting, we show that a compatibility condition between the degeneracy of the mobility and the blow-up of the potential allows to confine some approximate solutions in the physically relevant domain. By using a suitable Lipschitz-continuity property of the noise, uniform energy and magnitude estimates are proved. The passage to the limit is then carried out by stochastic compactness arguments in a variational framework. Applications to stochastic phase-field modelling are also discussed.
Asymptotic estimates for an integral equation in theory of phase transition
Authors: Chen Qinghua , Lei Yutian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of an integral equation of the Allen–Cahn type in

R

n

u

(

x

)

=

l

⃗

+

C

*

∫

R

n

u

(

y

)

(

1
−
|
u

(

y

)

|

2

)

|
1
−
|
u

(

y

)

|

2

|

p
−
2

|
x
−
y

|

n
−
α

d
y

, when |x| → ∞. Here

u
:

R

n

→

R

k

is uniformly continuous, and k ⩾ 1, n ⩾ 2, α ∈ (0, n) and

p
−
1
>

n

n
−
α

. In addition,

l

⃗

∈

R

k

is a constant vector and C
* is a real constant. If

1
−
|
u

|

2

∈

L

s

(

R

n

)

for some s ∈ [1, ∞), we know that |u| → 1 when |x| → ∞. Furthermore, we prove that if

1
−
|
u

|

2

∈

L

s

(

R

n

)

for some

s
∈

[

1
,

n

α

(

p
−
1

)

)

, then

u
→

l

⃗

when |x| → ∞, and hence

|

l

⃗

|
=
1

. When

1
−
|
u

|

2

∈

L

s

(

R

n

)

for some

s
∈

[

1
,

n

α

(

p
−
2

)

)

, then there exists some positive constant C such that |1 − |u(x)|2| ⩽ C|x|
α−n
for large |x|. Here the Harnack type estimate and the regularity lifting lemma come into play in those proofs.
Multiple timescales and the parametrisation method in geometric singular perturbation theory
Authors: Lizarraga Ian , Rink Bob , Wechselberger Martin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a novel method for computing slow manifolds and their fast fibre bundles in geometric singular perturbation problems. This coordinate-independent method is inspired by the parametrisation method introduced by Cabré, Fontich and de la Llave. By iteratively solving a so-called conjugacy equation, our method simultaneously computes parametrisations of slow manifolds and fast fibre bundles, as well as the dynamics on these objects, to arbitrarily high degrees of accuracy. We show the power of this top-down method for the study of systems with multiple (i.e. three or more) timescales. In particular, we highlight the emergence of hidden timescales and show how our method can uncover these surprising multiple timescale structures. We also apply our parametrisation method to several reaction network problems.
Geodesic acoustic modes in magnetic confinement devices
Authors: Conway G.D. , Smolyakov A.I. , Ido T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are ubiquitous oscillatory flow phenomena observed in toroidal magnetic confinement fusion plasmas, such as tokamaks and stellarators. They are recognized as the non-stationary branch of the turbulence driven zonal flows which play a critical regulatory role in cross-field turbulent transport. GAMs are supported by the plasma compressibility due to magnetic geodesic curvature—an intrinsic feature of any toroidal confinement device. GAMs impact the plasma confinement via velocity shearing of turbulent eddies, modulation of transport, and by providing additional routes for energy dissipation. GAMs can also be driven by energetic particles (so-called EGAMs) or even pumped by a variety of other mechanisms, both internal and external to the plasma, opening-up possibilities for plasma diagnosis and turbulence control. In recent years there have been major advances in all areas of GAM research: measurements, theory, and numerical simulations. This review assesses the status of these developments and the progress made towards a unified understanding of the GAM behaviour and its role in plasma confinement. The review begins with tutorial-like reviews of the basic concepts and theory, followed by a series of topic orientated sections covering different aspects of the GAM. The approach adopted here is to present and contrast experimental observations alongside the predictions from theory and numerical simulations. The review concludes with a comprehensive summary of the field, highlighting outstanding issues and prospects for future developments.
Delay distributions on encrypted real-time traffics
Authors: Ilham Dirja Nur , Suherman S , Sihombing G , Siregar Yulianta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Real-time streams are common for nowadays communication for both data and video. Real-time data communication such as chat application and telemetry, as well as real-time video communication such as video call, video conference, or monitoring video are prone to the third party attacked. End to end encryption has been considered as the most realistic solution such as applied by WhatsApp so that the transmitted data is difficult to be revealed by the attacker. Since encryption and decryption processes injected additional delay, the algorithm should be fast enough to avoid inconvenience to users. This paper examines delay distribution for encrypted real-time traffics. The simulation shows that the decryption contributed the most to the end to end delay. Decryption delay is about 4.58 times higher than encryption and transmission delay. Although assessment involves only two links, the complex network has relatively lower than the obtained decryption delay. Meanwhile, encryption contributed only about 0.2% to the overall end to end delay.
Analysis of C4.5 Algorithm of Water Quality Dataset
Authors: Mardiansyah Heru , Zarlis Muhammad , Sitompul Opim Salim 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The C4.5 algorithm still has weaknesses in predicting or classifying data if a large number of classes are used which can lead to increased decision-making time. So an approach is needed to improve the performance of the C4.5 algorithm with the selected split attributes that use the application of the average gain value to help predictions. The C4.5 algorithm is one of the Decision Tree methods in the classification process using the information entropy concept. The C4.5 algorithm uses the split criteria from ID3, the Gain Ratio is a modification of the method. The ID3 algorithm uses Information Gain (IG) for the split attribute criteria, while the C4.5 algorithm with Gain Ratio (GR), where the root value comes from high gain. The conclusion of the tests that have been carried out using the Water Quality dataset in the C4.5 method has an accuracy rate of 91.30%, with a classification error rate of 8.70%. Successful implementation using the C4.5 method in predicting the Water Quality dataset.
Implementation of Steganography Modified Least Significant Bit using the Columnar Transposition Cipher and Caesar Cipher Algorithm in Image Insertion
Authors: Handrizal  , Tarigan Jos Timanta , Putra Doni Irwansyah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Steganography technique is a technique to hide data or information into other media such as digital images, text, sound, or video. One of the simplest methods of Steganography in the concept of Steganography is the Least Significant Bit. The Least Significant Bit (LSB) method hides the message by inserting the message at the lower or rightmost bits in the cover work file as a medium to hide the message. Caesar Cipher is one method that replaces each letter in the plaintext with letters that are at odds with certain numbers in the alphabet. Columnar transposition Cipher is one method in which messages are written in rows of a specified length, then are read column by column in the order of reading based on a keyword. The message is inserted into the cover image with the target pixel determination to be inserted based on the results of the Caesar Cipher process of the Columnar Transposition Cipher index to the random value of the Multiply With Carry Generator algorithm. The system implementation uses the C# programming language. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of a combination of Caesar Cipher, Columnar Transposition Cipher, and Multiply With Carry Generator can maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and security of data.
Data science: A Review towards the Big Data Problems
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K.M. , Sitompul Opim Salim , Elveny Marischa , Syah Rahmad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData science is the naming of science that can change when dealing with its subject, big data, into big data science. Extraction as the main task of and based on the definition of data science requires an interpretive way of big data. This interpretation follows the characteristics of big data, namely a review of several problems that arise concerning the characters of big data is as an approach. The goal is that data and information, in information extraction or knowledge extraction from the information space, can well organize as is the case in social networks. This paper aims to provide a brief description of it.
Evaluation of the Factors Influencing the Trust of Millennial Citizens in E-Government
Authors: Assegaff S , Andrianti A , Astri L Y 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study aims at identifying the effect of the millennial generation’s perceptions regarding risks, security, and trust in the Internet when utilizing e-government services. A total of 291 data items were collected through online surveys and this information was analysed quantitatively with the SEM method by employing the Smart PLS application. The confidence of this generation in applications is observed to be influenced by software quality and trust in the internet, but not information quality and faith in the government. Furthermore, trust in the internet is unaffected by internal risk, while the intention to use this medium is influenced by reliance on applications and also affected user behaviour.
Re-programming Electronic Control Unit for Increase Torque and Power a Motorcycle
Authors: Kamil I , Soeharwinto  , Fachrizal F 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research aims to determine the performance difference of using a standard electronic control unit (ECU) compared to re-programming the ECU of a motorcycle. The experiment was carried out on a Honda CRF 150cc motorcycle manufactured in 2018. The research methods are experimental research and use descriptive statistic method. Research findings inform that the maximum torque of the standard ECU is 13.7 Nm at 4700 rpm, and the maximum power is 9.2 KW at 7000 rpm. The re-programming ECU has a maximum torque of 17.1 Nm at 5700 rpm, and a maximum power of 12.1 kW at 7200 rpm. The apparent increase in torque is around 80.11 % and in power is around 76 %. It can be concluded that the re-programming ECU provides a more optimized engine performance on a CRF150L motorcycle.