bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron nutrition and COVID-19 among Nigerian healthcare workers
Authors: Wander Katherine , Ogunleye Olayinka O , Nwagu Evelyn N , Unigwe Uche S , Odo Amelia N , Chukwubike Chinedu M , Omilabu Sunday A , Salu Olumuyiwa B , Owolabi Bukola S , Osikomaiya Bodunrin I , Ebede Samuel O , Bowale Abimbola , Olaitan Abimbola O , Chukwu Christopher U , Ndiokwelu Chibuzo O , Edu-Alamba Chioma , Azubuike Constance , Odubiyi Oluwasegun A , Hassan Yusuf A , Oloniniyi Nifemi , Muyiwa Kelvin Akinrinlola , Rashidat Abiola Raheem , Saliu Amina , Fadipe Ololade O , Anyanwu Roosevelt A , Orenolu Mercy R , Abdullah Maryam A , Ishaya Onyinye D , Agulefo Chinenye J , Akase Iorhen E , Gauck Megan E , Huang Zifan , Chen Mei-Hsiu , Okoror Titilayo A , Fujita Masako 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and objectives
The optimal iron hypothesis (OIH) posits that risk for infection is lowest at a mild level of iron deficiency. The extent to which this protection results from arms race dynamics in the evolution of iron acquisition and sequestration mechanisms is unclear. We evaluated the OIH with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an emerging infectious agent.

Methodology
We tested 304 healthcare workers at baseline for iron deficiency (zinc protoporphyrin:heme), anemia (hemoglobin), and SARS-CoV-2 (salivary PCR), and followed them for ~3 months with biweekly SARS-CoV-2 tests. We fit logistic regression models based on Akaike Information Criterion.

Results
Adequate data were available for 199 participants. Iron replete (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 0.85, 9.75) and anemia (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 0.82, 7.85) were associated with higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection after control for covariates. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models of the SARS-CoV-2 outcome were similar. Anemia (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 0.88, 3.71) was associated with respiratory symptoms regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusions and implications
These findings provide partial support for the OIH: SARS-CoV-2 infection risk was elevated at the high end of the range of iron availability; however, the elevated risk among those with anemia was not, as expected, specific to severe iron deficiency. Narrowly, for COVID-19 epidemiology, these findings accord with evidence that SARS-CoV-2’s ability to establish infection is enhanced by access to iron. More broadly, these findings suggest that the OIH does not hinge on a long history of evolutionary arms race dynamics in access to host iron.
Genome-wide differentiation by geography not species in taxonomically complex eyebrights (Euphrasia)
Authors: Ding Yanqian , Metherell Chris , Huang Wu , Hollingsworth Peter M , Twyford Alex D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Most studies investigating the genomic nature of species differences anticipate monophyletic species with genome-wide differentiation. However, this may not be the case at the earliest stages of speciation where reproductive isolation is weak and homogenizing gene flow blurs species boundaries. We investigate genomic differences between species in a postglacial radiation of eyebrights (Euphrasia), a taxonomically complex plant group with variation in ploidy and mating system. We use genotyping-by-sequencing and spatially aware clustering methods to investigate genetic structure across 378 populations from 18 British and Irish Euphrasia species. We find only northern Scottish populations of the selfing heathland specialist E. micrantha demonstrate genome-wide divergence from other species. Instead of genetic clusters corresponding to species, all other clusters align with geographic regions, such as a genetic cluster on Shetland that includes 10 tetraploid species. Recent divergence and extensive gene flow between putative species are supported by a lack of species-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms or clear outlier loci. We anticipate a similar lack of association between genomic clusters and species identities may occur in other recent postglacial groups. Where new species emerge this is associated with a transition in mating system or novel ecological preferences.
An interdisciplinary perspective of the built-environment microbiome
Authors: McAlister John S , Blum Michael J , Bromberg Yana , Fefferman Nina H , He Qiang , Lofgren Eric , Miller Debra L , Schreiner Courtney , Candan K Selcuk , Szabo-Rogers Heather , Reed J Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The built environment provides an excellent setting for interdisciplinary research on the dynamics of microbial communities. The system is simplified compared to many natural settings, and to some extent the entire environment can be manipulated, from architectural design to materials use, air flow, human traffic, and capacity to disrupt microbial communities through cleaning. Here, we provide an overview of the ecology of the microbiome in the built environment. We address niche space and refugia, population, and community (metagenomic) dynamics, spatial ecology within a building, including the major microbial transmission mechanisms, as well as evolution. We also address landscape ecology, connecting microbiomes between physically separated buildings. At each stage, we pay particular attention to the actual and potential interface between disciplines, such as ecology, epidemiology, materials science, and human social behavior. We end by identifying some opportunities for future interdisciplinary research on the microbiome of the built environment.
Up-regulation of miR-490-3p improves learning/memory disability of sevoflurane exposure by relieving neuroinflammation
Authors: Zhai Shuang , Li Ying , Guo Aili , Zhao Wei , Mou Changliang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Our study focused on the potential mechanism of microRNA-490-3p (miR-490-3p) on learning/memory disability of rats resulting from sevoflurane (Sev). The rat model of cognitive dysfunction was established by infection with miR-490-3p mimic and Sev-exposure. Morris water maze and open field test assay were used for the assessment of cognitive deficits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used for the measurements of neuroinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory-related genes in respective order. Bioinformatics analysis was employed for the predictive miR-490-3p-related genes. The targeted interaction was verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay. A significant decline of miR-490-3p was discovered in rats with Sev treatment, while the levels were up-regulated in rats with infection miR-490-3p pretreatment (P &lt; 0.001). For Sev-induced rats, the stay time in the target quadrant was shorten, while distance travelled lengthened significantly with the control group by comparison (P &lt; 0.001). Notably, an increased time of the escape latency and a decreased number of platform crossings were found in the Sev group, which alleviated by infection with miR-490-3p mimic pretreatment (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the neuroinflammatory cytokines were elevated in the Sev group, the effects of which were recovered via miR-490-3p pretreatment (P &lt; 0.001). Bioinformatics analysis predicted the miR-490-3p-associated genes. CDK1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 1) was a potential target gene of miR-490-3p, which confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter detection. MiR-490-3p alleviated the learning and memory deficits in Sev-treated rats via the modulation of CDK1.
Micronutrient status and risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Indonesian tuberculosis case contacts
Authors: Verrall Ayesha J , Houghton Lisa , Apriani Lika , Atmaja Harold E , van Laarhoven Arjan , Ussher James E , Ruslami Rovina , Sharples Katrina , McAllister Susan , van Crevel Reinout , Hill Philip C , Alisjahbana Bachti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Certain micronutrient levels have been associated with the risk of developing TB disease. We explored the possible association of selected at-risk micronutrient levels with the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection.

Methods
This cohort study in Bandung, Indonesia, followed Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) negative TB case contacts with a repeat IGRA test at 3 mo. At baseline, blood was analysed for haemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, retinol-binding protein, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), ferritin, zinc and selenium. Total body iron was calculated using ferritin and sTfR status. Associations between case contact micronutrient concentration and IGRA conversion were estimated using Poisson regression.

Results
Of 430 contacts, 115 (27%) underwent IGRA conversion. Ferritin concentration (adjusted for inflammation) was positively associated with risk of IGRA conversion (incidence rate ratio [IRR] for ferritin=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35; p=0.03), but other select micronutrients were not. This association held for ferritin in the final multivariable model (IRR=1.27; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.47; p=0.002).

Conclusions
The risk of developing M.tb infection, as defined by IGRA conversion, is associated with increasing ferritin. Interventions in TB case contacts to temporarily reduce iron levels, including considering withholding any iron supplementation, may be worthy of evaluation.
The Surgeon’s Digital Eye: Assessing Artificial Intelligence–generated Images in Breast Augmentation and Reduction
Authors: Yassa Arsany , Akhavan Arya , Ayad Solina , Ayad Olivia , Colon Anthony , Ignatiuk Ashley 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Given the public’s tendency to overestimate the capability of artificial intelligence (AI) in surgical outcomes for plastic surgery, this study assesses the accuracy of AI-generated images for breast augmentation and reduction, aiming to determine if AI technology can deliver realistic expectations and can be useful in a surgical context.

Methods:
We used AI platforms GetIMG, Leonardo, and Perchance to create pre- and postsurgery images of breast augmentation and reduction. Board-certified plastic surgeons and plastic surgery residents evaluated these images using 11 metrics and divided them into 2 categories: realism and clinical value. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests. Images of the nipple-areolar complex were excluded due to AI’s nudity restrictions.

Results:
GetIMG (mean ± SD) (realism: 3.83 ± 0.81, clinical value: 3.13 ± 0.62), Leonardo (realism: 3.30 ± 0.69, clinical value: 2.94 ± 0.47), and Perchance (realism: 2.68 ± 0.77, clinical value: 2.88 ± 0.44) showed comparable realism and clinical value scores with no significant difference (P > 0.05). In specific metrics, GetIMG outperformed significantly in surgical relevance compared with the other models (P values: 0.02 and 0.03). Healing and scarring prediction is the metric that underperformed across models (2.25 ± 1.11 P ≤ 0.03). Panelists found some images “cartoonish” with unrealistic skin, indicating AI origin.

Conclusions:
The AI models showed similar performance, with some images accurately predicting postsurgical outcomes, particularly breast size and volume in a bra. Despite this promise, the absence of detailed nipple-areola complex visualization is a significant limitation. Until these features and consistent representations of various body types and skin tones are achievable, the authors advise using actual patient photographs for consultations.
Primary Lymphedema: Anatomically Isolated or a Pervasive Systemic Disorder?
Authors: Chen Wei F. , Jou Christopher , Pandey Sonia K. , Lo Shih-Lun 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Primary lymphedema, a condition characterized by impaired lymphatic function, has long remained underexplored. Current diagnostic approaches rely on clinical history and genetic testing, yet the genetic underpinnings remain elusive in many cases. Traditional thinking suggests that primary lymphedema is confined to specific anatomical regions, but our experience challenges this notion. We hypothesize that primary lymphedema is systemic lymphatic dysfunction.

Methods:
All patients with clinical diagnosis of primary lymphedema from January 2020 to April 2022 were included in our study. Demographic data, medical and surgical history, and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphographic findings were collected.

Results:
A total of 152 patients met our inclusion criteria. We observed a predominance of female patients (75%) and a mean age of 43.9 years. The onset of swelling varied, with most patients (82.3%) experiencing it in their lower extremities. Notably, ICG lymphography revealed abnormal lymphatic findings in all symptomatic limbs, affecting multiple extremities in 97.4% of patients. Importantly, even among patients initially presenting with limited symptoms, asymptomatic extremities exhibited lymphatic defects. In addition, the extent of lymphatic disease, assessed through ICG lymphography, surpassed clinical symptoms in 80% of cases, underscoring the systemic nature of primary lymphedema.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that primary lymphedema is a systemic lymphatic insufficiency, affecting the entire lymphatic system. This underscores the importance of comprehensive assessments, even with limited symptoms, to facilitate earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment approaches.
The “Pfizer Boob Job”: A Case of Unexplained Gigantomastia
Authors: Balogun Oluwatoba T. , Osei Beverley , Armstrong Kathleen A. 
Published: December 2024

Summary:
True parenchymal breast changes following COVID-19 vaccination are exceedingly rare. Equally rare are incidences of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH)–associated gigantomastia. The patient in this case report presented with both occurrences and experienced massive breast enlargement 1 week postadministration of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, which worsened after her second dose. Definitive treatment was achieved through reduction mammoplasty, with the final pathology report confirming uniformly dense terminal duct lobular units with interspersed PASH units. The association between the COVID-19 vaccine, PASH, and breast hypertrophy warrants further investigation to comprehend the spectrum of reactions to the vaccine.
Shortened Fornix Syndrome After Posterior-Approach Ptosis Repair
Authors: Shoji Marissa K. , Al-Sharif Eman , Liu Catherine Y. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To describe and characterize shortened fornix syndrome (SFS), a rare complication following posterior-approach ptosis repair using conjunctival Müller muscle resection.

Methods:
This retrospective case series evaluates 4 patients who developed SFS after conjunctival Müller muscle resection. Clinical characteristics, surgical histories, management, and outcomes are reviewed.

Results:
A total of 4 patients (2 females, 2 males; aged 61–74 years old) presented with ptosis associated with fornix shortening and symblepharon following conjunctival Müller muscle resection performed at outside hospitals. Potential contributing factors included intraoperative complications and multiple posterior-approach surgeries. Management strategies varied, including 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone injections into the symblepharon, ocular surface reconstruction with symblepharon lysis and amniotic membrane grafting, and external levator advancement. All patients showed improvement in the SFS and eyelid height with treatment.

Conclusion:
SFS, characterized by symblepharon, fornix shortening, and associated functional issues including ptosis and restricted eye movements, is a rare but significant complication of posterior-approach ptosis repair. Only one prior report has documented a similar entity in patients after conjunctival Müller muscle resection using glaucoma drops; interestingly, our cases occurred in patients without significant ocular surface or topical ocular medication use, suggesting SFS can develop independently of such treatments. Prevention strategies include meticulous intraoperative technique and a cautious approach to large resections or repeat posterior-based surgeries, with consideration of anterior-based techniques if appropriate. Management of SFS via a staged approach involving ocular surface reconstruction followed by anterior-based ptosis repair may lead to satisfactory outcomes. Awareness of this complication is crucial for proper patient selection and management of ptosis.
Incidence and Outcomes of Revision Bronchoscopies Following Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction (BLVR)
Authors: Mahajan Amit K. , Collar Nancy , Muldowney Frances , Patel Priya P. , Hogarth Douglas K. , Duong Duy K. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to reduce shortness of breath and improve functionality in some patients with emphysema. While BLVR is often effective for improving dyspnea by causing target lobe atelectasis, the treatment effect can sometimes be lost. This study reviews the incidence of revision bronchoscopies in patients who lost or never achieved target lobe atelectasis following BLVR.

Methods:
This retrospective, single-center analysis reviewed patients who underwent BLVR over a 5-year period. All patients were determined to be collateral ventilation negative by an intraprocedural Chartis system assessment. Treatment success was defined as radiographic target lobe atelectasis. For patients who underwent revision bronchoscopies, the EMR was used to review procedure notes, radiographic imaging, post-BLVR analyses, and outpatient clinic notes to collect data on the indication for revision bronchoscopy, intraprocedural observations accounting for loss of treatment effect, revision interventions performed, and outcomes of revision bronchoscopies. After a minimum of 10 postoperative days, at the discretion of the treating physician, an EBV revision bronchoscopy could be performed if target lobe atelectasis was lost or never developed after initial treatment.

Results:
Forty-three total valve revision procedures were performed, based on first, second, and third bronchoscopies combined. The most common cause for revision bronchoscopy based on the intraoperative assessment was air leaking around one or more valves from either incorrect sizing of previous valves or airway stretching in 18 revision procedures (42%). Thirty-four revision procedures (79%) were performed for loss of previous atelectasis, and 24 (70%) resulted in the redevelopment of target lobe atelectasis. Nine revision procedures (21%) were performed for lack of initial target lobe atelectasis. Two of the 9 revision procedures (22%) performed for failure to achieve initial atelectasis resulted in new target lobe atelectasis.

Conclusion:
Post-BLVR revision bronchoscopies are necessary in ∼20% of patients for either loss of target lobe atelectasis or failure to achieve atelectasis after the initial BLVR procedure. In many cases, especially when atelectasis is lost, revision bronchoscopies can reestablish post-BLVR atelectasis.
Unusual polypoid endometriosis with initial impression of abdominal ectopic pregnancy, discovered accidentally: case report and literature review
Authors: Barghash Huda Omar , Abo Moughdeb Aimar Khir , Moualla Mirna , Wazan Wael , AL Haj Diab Sarah , Issa Abdulmoez , Roumiah Mayada 
Published: December 2024

Introduction and importance:
Polypoid endometriosis (PE) is a rare entity, but it is important to recognize because it represents a huge diagnostic challenge due to rarity. On the other hand, it presents as a mass, so it can mimic multiple medical conditions like tumors or abdominal ectopic pregnancy, just like our case.

Case presentation:
In our case, we present a 16-year-old pregnant woman who was admitted to a rural hospital with amenorrhea and an acute abdomen. Finally diagnosed with PE by accidentally!

Clinical discussion:
The patient underwent an emergency surgery under suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. During the operation, a mass arising from Douglas pouch was found, which was suspected to be an abdominal ectopic pregnancy. The patient was referred to our hospital for further management due to lack of surgical resources. We removed the mass and sent it for histology, which revealed benign PE.

Conclusion:
Our goal through this case is to shed light on these conditions so that they are not misdiagnosed.
Salvage pulmonary embolectomy following cardiac arrest: a 10-year experience
Authors: Akhlaghpasand Mohammadhosein , Mohammadi Ida , Hajnorouzali Amir , Firouzabadi Sharyar Rajai , Hosseinpour Melika , Hajikarimloo Bardia , Yazdani Kaveh Oraii , Zeraatian-Nejad Sam , Eghbali Foolad 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly massive PE, presents significant mortality risk, often necessitating emergency intervention such as surgical embolectomy. The prognosis for patients undergoing such interventions, especially after cardiac arrest, remains poor due to hemodynamic complications. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of salvage pulmonary embolectomy in patients experiencing cardiac arrest due to massive PE, focusing on survival outcomes and influential risk factors.

Methods:
Conducted at a single center over 10 years, this retrospective study involved 21 patients who underwent surgical embolectomy post-cardiac arrest due to massive PE. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentation, and outcomes, analyzing factors such as age, hospital stay, and operative details.

Results:
Out of 21 patients, 13 survived 1 year post-operation, translating to a 1-year survival rate of 61.90%. Intra-hospital survival was 76.19% (16 patients). Notable findings included a significant association between increased age and higher mortality (hazard ratio = 1.14, P = 0.024), and a longer hospital stay post-procedure in non-survivors (hazard ratio = 1.52, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Salvage pulmonary embolectomy can improve survival in patients with massive PE following cardiac arrest. However, outcomes heavily depend on the patient’s age and the length of the hospital stay. Future studies should focus on refining surgical techniques and improving pre- and postoperative care to enhance survival rates further.