bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival analysis for older patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer after progression of first‐line gefitinib
Authors: Nie Xin , Zhang Ping , Cheng Gang , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Li Lin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimCurrently, little studies focus on treatment strategies and survival after progression of gefitinib in older patients with epidermal growth factor receptor )EGFR( mutant advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different treatment modalities on survival after progression of gefitinib in older patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis included 62 consecutively recruited EGFR‐mutant advanced NSCLC patients aged over 70 years who failed first‐line gefitinib between 2008 and 2018. Kaplan‐Meier method was used to estimate curves for overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis identified independent prognostic risk factors of OS.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 75 years (range, 70‐88 years). The median progression‐free survival of gefitinib was 11.0 months. Forty‐four (69.4%) patients continued gefitinib beyond progressive disease (PD), and median gefitinib treatment duration was 18.0 months. Only 67.7% patients received anticancer treatments after discontinuation of gefitinib. The median OS was 24.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.7‐29.3 months). After failure of gefitinib, the osimertinib only group had significantly improved OS compared with chemotherapy or palliative care only groups (37.5 versus 17.5 and 15.3 months, respectively; P = .017). Multivariate analysis showed that continuous gefitinib after Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor‐defined PD (hazards ratio [HR] 0.273, 95% CI: 0.132‐0.564, P < .001), osimertinib treatment (HR 0.244, 95% CI: 0.122‐0.487, P < .001), and better performance status (HR 0.360, 95% CI: 0.163‐0.796, P = .012) were significantly and independently correlated with better survival.ConclusionFor older patients with EGFR‐mutant advanced NSCLC, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the most important treatment. Survival benefit of chemotherapy after failure of gefitinib seems limited.
Noninvasive biomarkers identify eosinophilic esophagitis: A prospective longitudinal study in children
Authors: Wechsler Joshua B. , Ackerman Steven J. , Chehade Mirna , Amsden Katie , Riffle Mary E. , Wang Ming‐Yu , Du Jian , Kleinjan Matt L. , Alumkal Preeth , Gray Elizabeth , Kim Kwang‐Youn A. , Wershil Barry K. , Kagalwalla Amir F. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEsophageal histology is critical for diagnosis and surveillance of disease activity in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). A validated noninvasive biomarker has not been identified. We aimed to determine the utility of blood and urine eosinophil‐associated proteins to diagnose EoE and predict esophageal eosinophilia.MethodsBlood and urine were collected from children undergoing endoscopy with biopsy. Absolute eosinophil count (AEC), plasma eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), major basic protein‐1 (MBP‐1), galectin‐10 (CLC/GAL‐10), Eotaxin‐2 and Eotaxin‐3, and urine osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) were determined. Differences were assessed between EoE and control, and with treatment response. The capacity to predict EoE diagnosis and esophageal eosinophil counts was assessed.ResultsOf 183 specimens were collected from 56 EoE patients and 15 non‐EoE controls with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction; 33 EoE patients had paired pre‐ and post‐treatment specimens. Plasma (CLC/GAL‐10, ECP, EDN, Eotaxin‐3, MBP‐1) and urine (OPN) biomarkers were increased in EoE compared to control. A panel comprising CLC/GAL‐10, Eotaxin‐3, ECP, EDN, MBP‐1, and AEC was superior to AEC alone in distinguishing EoE from control. AEC, CLC/GAL‐10, ECP, and MBP‐1 were significantly decreased in patients with esophageal eosinophil counts <15/hpf in response to treatment. AEC, CLC/GAL‐10, ECP, EDN, OPN, and MBP‐1 each predicted esophageal eosinophil counts utilizing mixed models controlled for age, gender, treatment, and atopy; AEC combined with MBP‐1 best predicted the counts.ConclusionsWe identified novel panels of eosinophil‐associated proteins that along with AEC are superior to AEC alone in distinguishing EoE from controls and predicting esophageal eosinophil counts.
Beware of the bicycle! An increase in paediatric bicycle related injuries during the COVID‐19 period in Western Australia
Authors: van Oudtshoorn Sarah , Chiu Kei Y. C. , Khosa Japinder 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn Western Australia, the media has reported on an increase in the purchasing, repairs and use of bicycles during the COVID‐19 period. The study aimed to investigate for a relationship in bicycle related injuries in the paediatric population during the time of COVID‐19 restrictions.MethodsA retrospective study of the incident of motorized and non‐motorized bicycle related injuries and trauma presentations during the COVID‐19 ‘shutdown’ period from March to June 2020. Data were collected from the Emergency Department Information System, discharge summaries, operation and radiology reports. The data presented is from Perth Children's Hospital, the only tertiary paediatric hospital and the only referral centre for childhood trauma in the state of Western Australia. Participants were children aged 15 years and younger attending the emergency department (ED) at Perth Children's Hospital during the designated time period. The primary outcomes included total ED presentations, bicycle related presentations and bicycle related admissions during the COVID‐19 period.ResultsBicycle related presentations to the ED increased by 42.7% over the COVID‐19 period from 1.4% to 3.0% of all children attending the ED. Children admitted to the hospital with bicycle related injuries or trauma increased by 48.7% from 76 to 113 children in comparison to the same period in 2019.ConclusionDuring the period of COVID‐19 restrictions, paediatric ED presentations decreased dramatically, but bicycle related injuries and trauma increased substantially. Safety equipment including helmets and protective gear should be worn for all children riding bicycles, and social distancing should be maintained.
Development and validation of the parenting and child tooth brushing assessment questionnaire
Authors: Tadakamadla Santosh K. , Mitchell Amy E. , Johnson Newell W. , Morawska Alina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe report the development and validation of a comprehensive Parenting and Child Tooth brushing Assessment (PACTA) questionnaire.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with community‐recruited Australian parents (N = 450) of children aged 2‐8 years. Parents completed an online survey including the newly developed PACTA (comprising four scales assessing children's tooth brushing behaviours, parenting strategies, attitudes and knowledge) and established scales assessing parenting behaviours, attitudes and self‐efficacy.ResultsExploratory factor analyses revealed two‐factor structures for scales assessing child behaviour (‘noncompliance’ and ‘avoidance behaviour’), parenting strategies (‘effective strategies’ and ‘ineffective strategies’) and attitudes (‘emotional reactions’ and ‘lack of concern’), whereas the knowledge scale was unidimensional. Internal consistencies were satisfactory (>0.7) for all except the knowledge scale. There was good evidence of convergent and predictive validity. All subscales predicted children's parent‐reported tooth brushing frequency; children were more likely to brush at least twice per day when parents reported fewer tooth brushing behavioural problems, using effective parenting strategies, and having better attitudes and knowledge. Poorer scores on the ‘lack of concern’ subscale of the attitudes scale were the strongest unique predictor of twice‐daily brushing (OR, 95% CI: 1.51, 1.36‐1.67).ConclusionsPACTA demonstrates satisfactory validity and reliability. Further research assessing sensitivity to change following intervention is warranted.
High‐frequency ultrasound as a scientific tool for skin imaging analysis
Authors: Vergilio Mariane Massufero , Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Jales Rodrigo Menezes , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUltrasonic imaging is one of the most important diagnostic tools in clinical medicine due to its cost, availability and good correlation with pathological results. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is a technique used in skin science that has been little explored, especially in comparison with other sites and imaging techniques. HFUS shows real‐time images of the skin layers, appendages and skin lesions in vivo and can significantly contribute to advances in skin science. This review summarizes the potential applications of HFUS in dermatology and cosmetology, with a focus on quantitative tools that can be used to assess various skin conditions. Our findings showed that HFUS imaging is a reproducible and powerful tool for the diagnosis, clinical management and therapy monitoring of skin conditions. It is also a helpful tool for assessing the performance of dermatological products. This technique may eventually become essential for evaluating the performance of dermatological and cosmetic products.
Pathways from bullying victimization to suicidal thoughts among urban African American adolescents: Implications for nurse practitioners
Authors: Lee Jeoung Min , Hong Jun Sung , Resko Stella M. , Gonzalez‐Prendes A. Antonio , Voisin Dexter R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeChildren and adolescents who are victimized by their peers are at an elevated risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Bullying and suicide are major public health concerns; however, studies have not fully addressed the link between peer victimization and suicidal behavior among urban African American youth. The current study proposed and explored the pathways from peer victimization to suicidal thoughts via internalizing behaviors (i.e., low self‐esteem, depression, and hopelessness).Design and MethodsThe sample consisted of 638 African American adolescents (aged 12–22) from low‐income communities in Chicago's Southside. A path model using the structural equation model was employed, controlling for biological sex, age, and government assistance.ResultsThe study found that victims of bullying are likely to develop low self‐esteem and depression, and depression can contribute to feelings of hopelessness, thereby increasing suicidal risks.ConclusionsUnderstanding the pathways from bullying victimization to suicidal thoughts is beneficial for nurse practitioners who assess and provide services and treatment to adolescents.Practice ImplicationsBecause of limited resources in urban schools, anti‐bullying programs need to be cost‐effective.
Ambient fine particulate matter exposure and incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Sullivan Kevin J. , Ran Xinhui , Wu Fan , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Sharma Ravi , Jacobsen Erin , Berman Sarah , Snitz Beth E. , Sekikawa Akira , Talbott Evelyn O. , Ganguli Mary 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivePoor air quality is implicated as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Few studies have examined these associations longitudinally in well‐characterized population‐based cohorts with standardized annual assessment of both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. We investigated the association between estimated ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risk of incident MCI and dementia in a post‐industrial region known for historically poor air quality.Setting/ParticipantsAdults aged 65+ years in a population‐based cohort (n = 1572).MeasurementsCensus tract level PM2.5 from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) air quality monitors; Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)®.DesignWe estimated ambient PM2.5 exposure (μg/m3, single‐year and 5‐year averages) by geocoding participants' residential addresses to census tracts with daily EPA PM2.5 measurements from 2002 to 2014. Using Bayesian spatial regression modeling adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking history, and household income, we examined the association between estimated PM2.5 exposure and risk of incident MCI (CDR = 0.5) and incident dementia (CDR ≥ 1.0).ResultsModeling estimated single‐year exposure, each 1 μg/m3 higher ambient PM2.5 was associated with 67% higher adjusted risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.669, 95% credible interval [CI]: 1.298, 2.136) and 75% higher adjusted risk of incident MCI (HR = 1.746, 95% CI: 1.518, 2.032). Estimates were higher when modeling 5‐year ambient PM2.5 exposure for incident dementia (HR = 2.082, 95% CI: 1.528, 3.015) and incident MCI (HR = 3.419, 95% CI: 2.806, 4.164).ConclusionsHigher estimated ambient PM2.5 was associated with higher risk of incident MCI and dementia, particularly when considering longer‐term exposure, and independent of demographic characteristics and smoking history. Targeting poor air quality may be a reasonable population‐wide intervention to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults, particularly in regions exceeding current recommendations for safe exposure to PM2.5.
The human brain acetylome reveals that decreased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins associates with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sun Lidan , Bhawal Ruchika , Xu Hui , Chen Huanlian , Anderson Elizabeth T. , Haroutunian Vahrum , Cross Abigail C. , Zhang Sheng , Gibson Gary E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMetabolic changes that correlate to cognitive changes are well‐known in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolism is often linked to functional changes in proteins by post‐translational modifications. The importance of the regulation of transcription by acetylation is well documented. Advanced mass spectrometry reveals hundreds of acetylated proteins in multiple tissues, but the acetylome of human brain, its functional significance, and the changes with disease are unknown. Filling this gap is critical for understanding the pathophysiology and development of therapies. To fill this gap, we assessed the human brain acetylome in human brain and its changes with AD. More than 5% of the 4,442 proteins from the human brain global proteome were acetylated. Acetylated proteins were primarily found in the cytosol (148), mitochondria (100), nucleus (91), and plasma membrane (58). The comparison of the brain acetylome in controls to that of patients with AD revealed striking and selective differences in terms of its abundances of acetylated peptides/sites. Acetylation of 18 mitochondrial proteins decreased, while acetylation of two cytosolic proteins, tau and GFAP, increased. Our experiments demonstrate that acetylation at some specific lysine sites alters enzyme function. The results indicate that general activation of de‐acetylases (i.e., sirtuins) is not an appropriate therapeutic approach for AD.
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Effect of dietary coated granules containing garlic oil diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide on performance, in vitro digestibility and gastrointestinal functionality in laying hens
Authors: Rodjan Prawit , Wattanasit Sutha , Thongprajukaew Karun , Faroongsarng Damrongsak 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with coated granules (CG) on performance, in vitro digestibility and the gastrointestinal functionality in laying hens. A total of 40 Hisex Brown laying hens (36 weeks of age) were randomly divided into five equal groups; one served as a control and the other four were actual experimental groups supplemented with 0.75, 1.5, 3 or 6 g CG per day. All the hens were fed restrictively with target feed intake of 100 g basal diet/hen per day. There were no differences in egg production or egg weight among the groups, but feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (linearly, p < 0.05) with the dose level of CG in diet. Dietary CG increased the jejunal weight (linear and quadratic terms, p < 0.05) but decreased the ileal weight (linearly, p < 0.05). There was mostly statistical interaction between dietary CG and specific activity of intestinal digestive enzymes with similar patterns for dietary CG treatments (p < 0.05). A positive linear correlation was observed with in vitro protein digestibility by using the crude enzyme extract from dietary CG supplementation. Dietary CG decreased the caecal Escherichia coli population while the Lactobacillus spp.: E. coli ratio increased (quadratic fit, p < 0.05). CG supplementation, on the other hand, significantly altered intestinal morphology by increasing the height of duodenal and ileal villi (linearly, p < 0.05). Also, duodenal antioxidant capacity observed via remaining reducing power improved linearly (p < 0.05). This suggests that CG, unlike garlic oils without encapsulation, may be a good candidate for feed supplementation in commercial egg production. It could be included up to 6 g CG per day without any adverse effects on performance, which may relate to improving nutrient digestibility and better utilization of limited feed intake when using a low amount of diet or other observations in this study.
Targeted sympathy in “whore court”: Criminal justice actors' perceptions of prostitution diversion programs
Authors: Leon Chrysanthi S. , Shdaimah Corey S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing interview and focus group data (N = 44) from three study sites, we locate prostitution diversion program (PDP) professionals within logics of punishment and governance. While critical research on problem‐solving justice emphasizes professionals' performative and quasi‐therapeutic roles, inadequate attention has been paid to the contradictory logics of their roles. Involvement in a diversion program reinforces underlying assumptions about whom they are working with and what those people need, in ways that we argue require critical distance. Professionals exploit the paradox of assistance through coercion, and exhibit what we identify as “targeted sympathy.” Targeted sympathy enhances the ability of these professionals to use their discretion to help their clients, but it also elevates a narrow set of acceptable problems and interventions. Created with an understanding of street‐based sex workers as victims, PDPs also rely on hyper‐responsibilization, expecting defendants to bootstrap themselves over systemic hurdles with virtually no resources. Thus, while targeted sympathy may indicate a movement away from the “othering” that pervades contemporary penality, it continues to decontextualize individuals and assign blame and accountability.
Longitudinal assessments of therapeutic alliance predict work performance in vocational rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia
Authors: de Jong Steven , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Lavi‐Rotenberg Adi , Carter Sarah A. , Castelein Stynke , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo promote functional recovery in persons diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, vocational interventions have emerged over the last few decades which range from sheltered employment to supported employment in the community.DesignUsing data from a 6‐month vocational rehabilitation programme, we examined whether assessments of the therapeutic alliance were related to the quality of work performed in this work placement. Our first hypothesis was that stronger alliances would be related to better work performance. Second, we expected that client assessments of the TA would better predict outcomes than therapist assessments. Third, we expected that the discrepancy between assessment scores from the client and therapist (client rating minus therapist rating) would be a better predictor for outcome than individual assessments by the therapists or clients.ResultsClients systematically rated the alliance higher than therapists. Modelling the data longitudinally, we found both therapist and client ratings predictive of outcome, though client assessments over time were inversely related to work performance.ConclusionsDiscrepancy in scores was also shown to be predictive of work performance during the program. Clinicians are advised to routinely assess the therapeutic alliance from both client and therapist perspectives and calculate the discrepancy between them as they may indicate ruptures are occurring and thus hamper the intervention.Practitioner points

Clinicians are advised to regularly assess the therapeutic alliance from both their own and the client’s perspective.

Growing discrepancy in scores may impede intervention effectiveness.

Therapeutic alliance may help buffer against work stresses experienced by participants in a vocational programme.

Be aware that therapists tend to rate the alliance lower than their clients.
Stomatal conductance of tomato leaves is regulated by both abscisic acid and leaf water potential under combined water and salt stress
Authors: Xue Fulan , Liu Weilu , Cao Heli , Song Lijin , Ji Shasha , Tong Ling , Ding Risheng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStomatal conductance (gs) affects water use efficiency (WUE) through coordinating photosynthesis and transpiration and is regulated by chemical and/or hydraulic signals. However, the regulation mechanism of gs of tomato leaves has not been fully explored under combined water and salt stress. Here, we set up four salt treatments and two water treatments in a climate greenhouse and measured stomatal morphologies and conductance and other photosynthesis parameters. Water and salt stress reduced stomatal length (SL), width, perimeter, area (amax), density (SD), and the maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax). Water and salt stress had a separate weakening effect on net photosynthetic rate (A) and transpiration rate but interactively reduced gs. The contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and Na+ in tomato leaves increased with the NaCl concentration, while leaf water potential (Ψl) and chlorophyll content decreased. Under full irrigation, gsmax was coordinated by SD and amax, and gs by ABA content under salt stress. Under water and salt combined stress, gsmax was affected by amax, and gs was coordinated with ABA and Ψl. The decrease of A was caused by both a reduction of chlorophyll content and gs under water and salt stress. Intrinsic WUE did not reduce under full irrigation or mild to moderate salt stress but decreased under a combination of water and severe salt stress, indicating that the leaves of the tested tomato cultivar performed better under moderate salt stress. Collectively, these results can provide useful insights for the efficient management of water and salt to adapt to drought and high salt environments.
Paradigmas: significados y propuestas para la investigación en comunicación
Authors: Gómez Diago Gloria 
Published: April 2021

Los paradigmas son fundamentales en la investigación y aún más cuando se ignoran, pues se dan por supuestos. Con el objetivo de obtener perspectivas acerca de los significados y de las implicaciones de los paradigmas en el campo de la comunicación; en una línea de trabajo de metainvestigación en comunicación con perspectiva histórica, orientada a identificar el andamiaje intelectual que ha venido definiendo y que define la investigación en comunicación; se ha realizado un análisis de contenido cualitativo de tres publicaciones referentes especializadas en metainvestigación en comunicación, los dos volúmenes del Journal of Communication "Ferment in the field" (1983) y "The future of the field" (1983) y el volumen I de Rethinking Communication, "Paradigm issues" (1989). A partir del análisis de estos volúmenes, se han obtenido perspectivas respecto de la existencia o no de paradigmas en el campo de la comunicación.