bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastable Antimony‐Doped SnO2 Quantum Wires for Ultrasensitive Gas Sensors
Authors: Song Zhilong , Hu Zhixiang , Liu Jingyao , Yan Jia , Li Huaming , Jiang Jianjun , Tang Jiang , Liu Huan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDoping is fundamental to controlling the properties of bulk semiconductors. Although the antimony (SbV)‐doping strategy is widely employed in the design of practical tin oxide (SnO2) semiconductor gas sensors for higher signal‐to‐noise ratio, challenges remain to dope semiconductor nanocrystals since the diffusion of impurity atoms may be far from realized at the synthesis temperatures used. Herein, a metastable Sb‐doping strategy is proposed to overcome the serious receptor‐versus‐transducer mismatch in SnO2 quantum wires (QWs). The solvothermal synthesis of colloidal SbIII‐doped SnO2 QWs has been conducted at 180 °C, whereby the antimony amount is varied to optimize the structural and morphological properties for higher surface activity and electrical conductivity. A unique n‐type doping mechanism arising from the stable presence of SbIII on SnO2 (101) facets via SnII‐O‐SbIII is demonstrated. Further, the use of sensitive (down to 4 ppb, the lowest detection limit ever reported), fast (response and recovery time of 43 s and 96 s toward 10 ppm of H2S) gas sensors for H2S detection at near room temperature (40 °C) is showcased. The metastable Sb‐doping strategy may pave the way to ultrasensitive gas sensor possessing low power consumption and excellent integration compatibility to satisfy the increasing demand for ubiquitous and reliable gas detection.
Tunable Multi‐Bit Nonvolatile Memory Based on Ferroelectric Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Qing , Xiong Hao , Wang Qiangfei , Xu Liping , Deng Menghan , Zhang Jinzhong , Fuchs Dirk , Li Wenwu , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFerroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) with 2D semiconductors as channel materials have been fabricated to achieve miniaturized size, high storage, and low power consumption. The FeFETs are studied based on few‐layer MoS2 sheets on the non‐lead Bi0.85La0.15Fe0.92Mn0.08O3 (BLFMO) ferroelectric films with a large remnant polarization (Pr ≈36 μC cm−2). In FeFETs, the conductivity states of the 2D semiconductor can be tuned by the ferroelectric polarization. It is found that the MoS2‐based FeFETs display a large memory windows exceeding 25 V, a high on/off ratio (>105), remarkable program/erase ratio (≈104), competitive retention, endurance, and high‐speed performance. Moreover, the 2D based FeFETs exhibit switchable multi‐bit data storage by applying different amplitudes of negative gate voltage pulses to enhance the data storage density. On the basis of these characteristics, the 2D‐FeFETs are potentially able to meet the need for scalability, capacity, retention, and endurance of nonvolatile memory.
Comparative morpho‐physiological aspects and transcriptomics of the gonads from wild caught and enhanced green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)
Authors: Sætra I. Mathisen , Burgerhout E. , Johnsen H. , James P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is a growing interest in sea urchin roe enhancement around the world, but relatively little is known about the physical differences between enhanced and wild sea urchin roe and the causes of any differences. The main objective of this study was to compare various aspects of roe from wild and enhanced green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)using morphological and histological examinations, as well as analyses of amino and fatty acids, and gene expression profiles. Sea urchins were collected (n = 250) from a wild population and held in raceways where they were fed a commercially available formulated diet for 14 weeks (mid‐August – mid‐November). At consecutive time‐points, samples from the wild and enhanced sea urchins were obtained. The gonad index (GI) increased significantly in the enhanced sea urchins from 6.1% to 29.65% at week 12, while no significant increase was recorded in wild sea urchins. The concentrations of the amino acids' glycine, lysine and leucine were different between the treatments, the first two being higher and the latter lower in the enhanced sea urchin roe. Wild sea urchins had 6% more unidentified fatty acid content than enhanced sea urchins. A significant progress in reproductive stages in wild sea urchins was observed; however, none in the enhanced sea urchins, suggesting gametogenesis is inhibited in captivity, or variations in feed availability. Enhanced sea urchins had relatively less reproductive cells and an overall messier and less uniform appearance mid‐trial (weeks 8–10). Scanning electron microscopy images showed less structured and greater number of surface flagella in enhanced sea urchins. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA‐sequencing showed a total of 255 differentially expressed genes between the wild and enhanced groups, which had functions largely involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and ethanol degradation.
Organic Supramolecular Zippers with Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by a Dexter Energy Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Li Guangfu , Jiang Dongjiao , Shan Guogang , Song Weilin , Tong Jialin , Kang Di , Hou Baoshan , Mu Yingxiao , Shao Kuizhan , Geng Yun , Wang Xinlong , Su Zhongmin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials glow persistently in the dark, which offers new exciting possibilities in the fields of anti‐counterfeiting, photoelectric devices and biological imaging. However, the development of single‐component UOP materials remains a great challenge. Herein, we develop a single component organic supramolecular zipper system with a lifetime up to 0.77 s. Owing to the introduction of a pyrazole ring into the diphenylsulfone group, the “V” shaped molecules were artfully self‐assembled into supramolecular zippers via π–π and C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions, that is not only of significance in highly efficient generation of triplet excitons but also facilitates a Dexter energy transfer process within supramolecular zippers, that are responsible for alleviating radiative and non‐radiative deactivation decay of triplet excitons, to finally boost the UOP. This finding not only gives a new set of guidelines for the design of single‐component UOP molecules but also reveals the UOP mechanism from a new perspective.
Design of Near‐Infrared Nonfullerene Acceptor with Ultralow Nonradiative Voltage Loss for High‐Performance Semitransparent Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Wuyue , Sun Shaoming , Zhou Liang , Cui Yong , Zhang Wenkai , Hou Jianhui , Liu Feng , Xu Shengjie , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) are considered as one of the most valuable applications of OSCs and a strong contender in the market. However, the optical band gap of current high‐performance ST‐OSCs is still not low enough to achieve the optimal balance between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average visible transmittance (AVT). An N‐substituted asymmetric nonfullerene acceptor SN with over 40 nm bathochromically shifted absorption compared to Y6 was designed and synthesized, based on which the device with PM6 as donor obtained a PCE of 14.3 %, accompanied with a nonradiative voltage loss as low as 0.15 eV. Meanwhile, ternary devices with the addition of SN into PM6 : Y6 can achieve a PCE of 17.5 % with an unchanged open‐circuit voltage and improved short‐circuit current. Benefiting from extended NIR absorption and lowered voltage loss, ST‐OSCs based on PM6 : SN : Y6 were fabricated and the optimized device demonstrated a PCE of 14.0 % at an AVT of 20.2 %, which is the highest PCE at an AVT over 20 %.
Mechanochromic, Shape‐Programmable and Self‐Healable Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Elastomers Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Boronic Ester Bonds
Authors: Ma Jiazhe , Yang Yanzhao , Valenzuela Cristian , Zhang Xuan , Wang Ling , Feng Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEndowing a cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (CLCE) exhibiting a helicoidal nanostructure with dynamically tailorable functionalities is of paramount significance for its emerging applications in diverse fields such as adaptive optics and soft robotics. Here, a mechanochromic, shape‐programmable and self‐healable CLCE is judiciously designed and synthesized through integrating dynamic covalent boronic ester bonds into the main‐chain CLCE polymer network. The circularly polarized reflection of CLCEs can be reversibly and dynamically tuned across the entire visible spectrum by mechanical stretching. Thanks to the introduction of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the CLCEs were found to show robust reprogrammable and self‐healing capabilities. The research disclosed herein can provide new insights into the development of 4D (color and 3D shape) programmable photonic actuators towards bioinspired camouflage, adaptive optical systems, and next‐generation intelligent machines.
Protonation‐Induced Chirality Drives Separation by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry
Authors: Ieritano Christian , Yves Le Blanc J. C. , Schneider Bradley B. , Bissonnette Justine R. , Haack Alexander , Hopkins W. Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUpon development of a workflow to analyze (±)‐Verapamil and its metabolites using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), we noticed that the ionogram of protonated Verapamil consisted of two peaks. This was inconsistent with its metabolites, as each exhibited only a single peak in the respective ionograms. The unique behaviour of Verapamil was attributed to protonation at its tertiary amino moiety, which generated a stereogenic quaternary amine. The introduction of additional chirality upon N‐protonation of Verapamil renders four possible stereochemical configurations for the protonated ion: (R,R), (S,S), (R,S), or (S,R). The (R,R)/(S,S) and (R,S)/(S,R) enantiomeric pairs are diastereomeric and thus exhibit unique conformations that are resolvable by linear and differential ion mobility techniques. Protonation‐induced chirality appears to be a general phenomenon, as N‐protonation of 12 additional chiral amines generated diastereomers that were readily resolved by DMS.
DNA Origami‐Encoded Integration of Heterostructures
Authors: Dai Xinpei , Chen Xiaoliang , Jing Xinxin , Zhang Yinan , Pan Muchen , Li Mingqiang , Li Qian , Liu Pi , Fan Chunhai , Liu Xiaoguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntegrating dissimilar materials at the nanoscale is crucial for modern electronics and optoelectronics. The structural DNA nanotechnology provides a universal platform for precision assembly of materials; nevertheless, heterogeneous integration of dissimilar materials with DNA nanostructures has yet to be explored. We report a DNA origami‐encoded strategy for integrating silica‐metal heterostructures. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal distinctive mechanisms for the binding and aggregation of silica and metal clusters on protruding double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) strands that are prescribed on the DNA origami template. In particular, the binding energy differences of silica/metal clusters and DNA molecules underlies the accessibilities of dissimilar material areas on DNA origami. By programming the densities and lengths of protruding dsDNA strands on DNA origami, silica and metal materials can be independently deposited at their predefined areas with a high vertical precision of 2 nm. We demonstrate the integration of silica‐gold and silica‐silver heterostructures with high site addressability. This DNA nanotechnology‐based strategy is thus applicable for integrating various types of dissimilar materials, which opens up new routes to bottom‐up electronics.
Investigating on the influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanoplatelet additives on residual strength of bonded joints subjected to partial fatigue loading
Authors: NajiMehr Hasan , Shariati Mahmoud , Zamani Pedram , da Silva Lucas F. M. , Ghahremani Moghadam Danial 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdhesively bonded joints in engineering structures, especially automotive body structures, inevitably experience long or limited fatigue loading conditions. In this article, the shear strength of steel bonded lap joints reinforced by multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) were evaluated after being subjected to limited fatigue loading cycles. For this purpose, three specimen groups of neat, MWCNT, and GNP‐reinforced joints (with 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 wt% contents) were prepared. After performing the static lap shear tests, fatigue testing of each specimen group was conducted under a maximum fatigue load of 50% of its average static failure load until complete separation of the substrates. Accordingly, limited fatigue loadings were applied to each specimen group for 30%, 50%, and 70% of its total fatigue life, and subsequently, a second‐round static testing was performed to evaluate the residual strength of the joints. The results revealed that the maximum static shear strength improvements of MWCNT and GNP‐reinforced joints were associated with incorporating 1.0 and 0.5 wt% particle contents. Moreover, for 0.2 and 0.5 wt% contents, the static strength of the joints reinforced by GNPs was 3.4% and 3.9% greater than that of MWCNTs reinforced joints. On the contrary, for 1.0 and 2.0 wt% filler contents, specimens including MWCNTs had 9.1% and 18.6% higher strength than GNP‐reinforced ones. The highest fatigue life enhancements of 34.1% and 31% were obtained by adding 1.0 and 0.5 wt.% of MWCNT and GNP particles to the adhesive, respectively. It was concluded that, for 0.2 and 0.5 wt% contents, nanoparticle type did not have a noticeable effect on the residual strength of the joints after being subjected to fatigue loading for 30% of its total life. The specimens subjected to 50% and 70% of their total fatigue life indicated a minimum loss in the shear strength for the joints reinforced by dispersing 1.0 wt% of MWCNTs.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)core‐shellspun fibers produced by solution blow spinning for bioactive agent's encapsulation
Authors: Carlos Aline Luiza M. , A. Mancipe Javier Mauricio , L. Dias Marcos , M. S. M. Thiré Rossana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectrospinning is a widely used technology for micro‐ and nanofibers production. However, when in situ fibers deposition or immobilization of specific agents is required, solution blow spinning (SBS) is a safer alternative. In this work, SBS system was used to produce core‐shell fibers with potential use in bioactive agent delivery. Two biodegradable polymers (poly(lactic acid) ‐ PLA and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) – PHBV) were processed with different working distances and air pressure to evaluate the influence of these variables as well as the characteristics of polymers on the fiber morphology. PHBV fibers present the best morphology with fewer defects and beads, although these fibers show larger diameters (from 2.03 to 2.27 μm) compared to PLA fibers (from 0.54 to 2.03 μm). Moreover, deposition of PHBV fibers is not significantly affected by the processing variables, indicating stability under SBS processing. PHBV is firstly used as a matrix to encapsulate hydrophilic bioactive in core‐shell structure via SBS. This structure allows the sustained release of lipase even after 14 days, evidencing the efficiency of the core‐shell fibers in producing controlled release systems. Core‐shell aligned fibers with a reduced diameter (from 3.07 to 1.42 μm) are produced replacing the static target with a rotating collector.
Dispersion stability of chitosan grafted graphene oxide nanosheets in cementitious environments and their effects on the fluidity of cement mortar nanocomposites
Authors: Rahmani Sima , Sharif Alireza , Habibnejad Korayem Asghar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStable dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in cementitious environments has been remained an acute challenge in cement mortar nanocomposites. In this work, chitosan (CS) biopolymer is grafted onto GO nanosheets to improve their dispersion stability in the cementitious medium and overcome the agglomeration issue. The dispersion behavior of nanosheets is evaluated by visual observation, UV–vis spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. It is demonstrated that the amount of CS added to GO grafting reaction mixture controls the stability of nanosheets, and the nanosheets modified by the addition of 5 wt% CS in the grafting reaction mixture (GO‐CS5) show the highest stability in the medium. A conceptual model is proposed to interpret the role of CS, as a strong metal chelating agent, on the agglomeration behavior of GO nanosheets. Moreover, the addition of GO‐CS5 to cement mortar leads to lower fluidity loss while maintaining mechanical strength compared to the addition of GO due to better dispersion and interfacial interactions of GO‐CS5 in cement.
Pandemics are catalysts of scientific novelty: Evidence from COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Meijun , Bu Yi , Chen Chongyan , Xu Jian , Li Daifeng , Leng Yan , Freeman Richard B. , Meyer Eric T. , Yoon Wonjin , Sung Mujeen , Jeong Minbyul , Lee Jinhyuk , Kang Jaewoo , Min Chao , Song Min , Zhai Yujia , Ding Ying 
Published: December 2021

AbstractScientific novelty drives the efforts to invent new vaccines and solutions during the pandemic. First‐time collaboration and international collaboration are two pivotal channels to expand teams' search activities for a broader scope of resources required to address the global challenge, which might facilitate the generation of novel ideas. Our analysis of 98,981 coronavirus papers suggests that scientific novelty measured by the BioBERT model that is pretrained on 29 million PubMed articles, and first‐time collaboration increased after the outbreak of COVID‐19, and international collaboration witnessed a sudden decrease. During COVID‐19, papers with more first‐time collaboration were found to be more novel and international collaboration did not hamper novelty as it had done in the normal periods. The findings suggest the necessity of reaching out for distant resources and the importance of maintaining a collaborative scientific community beyond nationalism during a pandemic.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Rich Carbon Nitride‐Based Hybrids and a New Insight of Their Battery Behaviors
Authors: Mee Lee Jang , Joseph Stalin , Chirchir Bargoria Ian , Kim Sungho , Singh Gurwinder , Yang Jae‐Hun , Ramadass Kavitha , Bahadur Rohan , Yu Xiaojiang , BH Breese Mark , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN‐rich carbon nitride (CN) is a promising framework that can generate innovative hybrid structures for energy applications. However, the low thermal stability of N atoms in the CN matrix is a major drawback as the crystallization of the hybridized counterpart requires a high temperature. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of the hybrid of N‐rich CN and Fe1‐xS at 700 °C by constructing a stable C−N−Fe−S heterointerface using a Fe‐incorporated metal‐organic framework (MOF) and dithiooxamide containing C, N and S atoms. The hybrids display promising capacities toward Li+ and Na+ ions storage, highlighting the beneficial role of N‐rich CN on battery performance. By systematically investigating their structure and electrochemical properties, we show that N‐rich CN, along with the heterointerface, not only acts as a hybridization matrix that helps facilitate the charge transfer kinetics but also generates substantial capacity. This unique study reveals a powerful platform for the rational design of N‐rich CN based hybrids from MOF.
The implementation of Precision Teaching for the improvement of academic skills: A systematic review of the literature over thirty years
Authors: Tiernan Aoife Mc , McCoy Anna , Mendonca Jamima , Lydon Helena , Diffley Shauna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrecision Teaching (PT) is a system for precisely defining, measuring and facilitating the subsequent analysis, interpretation, and decision making behavior (Kubina & Yurich, 2012). It can be incorporated into educational settings to monitor learners' progress and evaluate the effectiveness of teaching approaches for academic skills. The current systematic review provides a summary of studies published over 30 years which implemented PT for the improvement of academic skills. Key components of PT as implemented across studies are summarized. The findings of this review are discussed in relation to future research, identifying gaps in the literature and suggesting areas for improvement and further research on PT.
Restoration of DNA repair mitigates genome instability and increases productivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Spahn Philipp N. , Zhang Xiaolin , Hu Qing , Lu Huiming , Hamaker Nathaniel K. , Hefzi Hooman , Li Shangzhong , Kuo Chih‐Chung , Huang Yingxiang , Lee Jamie C. , Davis Anthony J. , Ly Peter , Lee Kelvin H. , Lewis Nathan E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host for manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. However, productivity loss is a major problem and is associated with genome instability, as chromosomal aberrations reduce transgene copy number and decrease protein expression. We analyzed whole‐genome sequencing data from 11 CHO cell lines and found deleterious single‐nucleotide variants in DNA repair genes. Comparison with primary Chinese hamster cells confirmed DNA repair to be compromised in CHO. Correction of key DNA repair genes by single‐nucleotide variant reversal or expression of intact complementary DNAs successfully improved DNA repair and mitigated karyotypic instability. Moreover, overexpression of intact copies of LIG4 and XRCC6 in a CHO cell line expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase mitigated transgene copy loss and improved protein titer retention. These results show that correction of DNA repair genes yields improvements in genome stability in CHO, and provide new opportunities for cell line development for sustainable protein expression.
A low‐cost, portable, and practical LAMP device for point‐of‐diagnosis in the field
Authors: Vural Kaymaz Sümeyra , Ergenç Ali F. , Aytekin Ali Ö. , Lucas Stuart J. , Elitas Meltem 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTransition of rapid, ready‐to‐use, and low‐cost nucleic acid‐based detection technologies from laboratories to points of sample collection has drastically accelerated. However, most of these approaches are still incapable of diagnosis starting from sampling through nucleic acid isolation and detection in the field. Here we developed a simple, portable, low‐cost, colorimetric, and remotely controllable platform for reliable, high‐throughput, and rapid diagnosis using loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. It consists of a thermally isolated cup, low‐cost electronic components, a polydimethylsiloxane sample well, and a fast prototyped case that covers electronic components. The steady‐state temperature error of the system is <1%. We performed LAMP, Colony‐LAMP, and Colony polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) using the yaiO2 primer set for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa samples at 65°C and 30 min. We detected the end‐point colorimetric readouts by the naked eye under day light. We confirmed the specificity and sensitivity of our approach using pure genomic DNA and crude bacterial colonies. We benchmarked our Colony‐LAMP detection against Colony PCR. The number of samples tested can easily be modified for higher throughput in our system. We strongly believe that our platform can greatly contribute rapid and reliable diagnosis in versatile operational environments.