bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the dynamic characteristics of an existing timber belfry structure and impact on FEM modelling
Authors: Kochański T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the assessment of the dynamic characteristics of an existing historic timber belfry structure using FEM modelling and dynamic identification tests performed on a structure. The analysed structure undergoes geometrically measurement, including elements inspection, and on this basis the corresponding initial FEM model was built. The initial model including actual dead loads was computed to achieve dynamical and static calculations results, including eigenmodes and modal masses. On the belfry structure, dynamic identification tests were performed using accelerometers arranged in places of expected maximum amplitudes for belfry parts. The same initial model was calibrated according to the data achieved from computing in-situ identification tests (FFT spectrum analysis) and recalculated for static and dynamic results. Computed results from the initial and calibrated models were compared, presented and discussed. Brief summary includes conclusions from analysis and contribution to researches on belfries dynamics.
A modified TCAD simulation model for a-InGaZnO based ISFETs on GaAs substrate for pH sensing applications
Authors: Wang Hui , Tang Naiyun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an ISFET model is established and its accuracy is verified. The model can overcome the limitation of TCAD of not supporting electrolyte solution simulation. The source and drain of the model structure are doped with different types of impurities. The influence of GaAs as a substrate on the device sensitivity is also studied. Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) material is used as a semiconductor layer to obtain a new type of ISFET with a higher detection sensitivity to the pH value. Furthermore, the addition of SiC material to the new ISFET further improves the device sensitivity. The influence of different oxide layers on the model when GaAs is used as a substrate is also studied. The results show that the new ISFET can not only break through the Nernst limit of the device sensitivity (59 mV pH−1), but also increase the sensitivity by nearly 12 times.
XI—Equality, Friendship, and Politics
Authors: Chan Joseph 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A growing number of theorists have argued for equality as an ideal of social relations. For these theorists, the ideal of relational equality is embedded in many social relationships in modern society with which people are familiar. Friendship, they argue, is a paradigmatic case of relational equality, in the sense that it is essentially constituted by two norms of equality: equal power or authority and equal consideration of interests. Furthermore, equality in personal relationships can support equality in the political relationship of citizens. This essay challenges these claims made by relational egalitarians. It argues that friendship is not constituted by the two norms of equality, and is a poor model for political relationships.
Comparison of imputation and imputation-free methods for statistical analysis of mass spectrometry data with missing data
Authors: Taylor Sandra , Ponzini Matthew , Wilson Machelle , Kim Kyoungmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Missing values are common in high-throughput mass spectrometry data. Two strategies are available to address missing values: (i) eliminate or impute the missing values and apply statistical methods that require complete data and (ii) use statistical methods that specifically account for missing values without imputation (imputation-free methods). This study reviews the effect of sample size and percentage of missing values on statistical inference for multiple methods under these two strategies. With increasing missingness, the ability of imputation and imputation-free methods to identify differentially and non-differentially regulated compounds in a two-group comparison study declined. Random forest and k-nearest neighbor imputation combined with a Wilcoxon test performed well in statistical testing for up to 50% missingness with little bias in estimating the effect size. Quantile regression imputation accompanied with a Wilcoxon test also had good statistical testing outcomes but substantially distorted the difference in means between groups. None of the imputation-free methods performed consistently better for statistical testing than imputation methods.
PreTP-EL: prediction of therapeutic peptides based on ensemble learning
Authors: Guo Yichen , Yan Ke , LV Hongwu , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTherapeutic peptides are important for understanding the correlation between peptides and their therapeutic diagnostic potential. The therapeutic peptides can be further divided into different types based on therapeutic function sharing different characteristics. Although some computational approaches have been proposed to predict different types of therapeutic peptides, they failed to accurately predict all types of therapeutic peptides. In this study, a predictor called PreTP-EL has been proposed via employing the ensemble learning approach to fuse the different features and machine learning techniques in order to capture the different characteristics of various therapeutic peptides. Experimental results showed that PreTP-EL outperformed other competing methods. Availability and implementation: A user-friendly web-server of PreTP-EL predictor is available at http://bliulab.net/PreTP-EL.
A Leadership Model for Social Work: Drawing on Health Care to Inform Social Work Leadership
Authors: Schaub Jason , Hewison Alistair , Haworth Simon , Miller Robin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Leadership is a frequently used term, but these uses include various definitions and applications; these uses are sometimes contradictory. This definitional vagueness can be a particular challenge for professions, including social work. In comparison to other similar professions, there is a lack of leadership knowledge generation in social work. In addition, the organisational context in England has been challenging in recent decades, likely hindering development and application of leadership models. Health care has a broader empirical and conceptual development of leadership as a topic of examination. In health care literature, compassionate leadership is gaining momentum as a useful way of developing good clinical leadership. There is a strong tradition in social work of engaging with compassion as an element of social work values. We present models of compassionate leadership and consider their usefulness for the current social work knowledge base. We suggest that compassionate leadership may prove useful for social work practice and academia.
Acute and chronic neurological disorders in COVID-19: potential mechanisms of disease
Authors: Balcom Erin F , Nath Avindra , Power Christopher 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with both acute and chronic disorders affecting the nervous system. Acute neurological disorders affecting patients with COVID-19 range widely from anosmia, stroke, encephalopathy/encephalitis, and seizures to Guillain–Barré syndrome. Chronic neurological sequelae are less well defined although exercise intolerance, dysautonomia, pain, as well as neurocognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions are commonly reported. Molecular analyses of CSF and neuropathological studies highlight both vascular and immunologic perturbations. Low levels of viral RNA have been detected in the brains of few acutely ill individuals. Potential pathogenic mechanisms in the acute phase include coagulopathies with associated cerebral hypoxic-ischaemic injury, blood–brain barrier abnormalities with endotheliopathy and possibly viral neuroinvasion accompanied by neuro-immune responses. Established diagnostic tools are limited by a lack of clearly defined COVID-19 specific neurological syndromes. Future interventions will require delineation of specific neurological syndromes, diagnostic algorithm development and uncovering the underlying disease mechanisms that will guide effective therapies.
Synergistic roles of homeodomain proteins UNC-62 homothorax and MLS-2 HMX/NKX in the specification of olfactory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hsieh Yi-Wen , Xiong Rui , Chuang Chiou-Fen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
General identity of the Caenorhabditis elegans AWC olfactory neuron pair is specified by the OTX/OTD transcription factor CEH-36 and the HMG-box transcription factor SOX-2, followed by asymmetrical differentiation of the pair into two distinct subtypes, default AWCOFF and induced AWCON, through a stochastic signaling event. The HMX/NKX transcription factor MLS-2 regulates the expression of ceh-36 to specify general AWC identity. However, general AWC identity is lost in only one of the two AWC cells in the majority of mls-2 null mutants displaying defective general AWC identity, suggesting that additional transcription factors have a partially overlapping role with MLS-2 in the specification of general AWC identity. Here, we identify a role of unc-62, encoding a homothorax/Meis/TALE homeodomain protein, in the specification of general AWC identity. As in mls-2 null mutants, unc-62 null mutants showed an incomplete penetrance in loss of general AWC identity. However, unc-62; mls-2 double mutants display a nearly complete penetrance of identity loss in both AWC cells. Thus, unc-62 and mls-2 have a partially overlapping function in the specification of general AWC identity. Furthermore, our genetic results suggest that mls-2 and unc-62 act cell autonomously in promoting the AWCON subtype. Together, our findings reveal the sequential roles of the unc-62 and mls-2 pair in AWC development, specification of general AWC identity in early embryogenesis, and asymmetric differentiation of AWC subtypes in late embryogenesis.
Uniformly asymptotic eigensolutions of the Earth's toroidal modes
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhao Li , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: August 2021

SUMMARYA novel approach to computing the Earth's normal modes is presented. With the Langer approximation incorporated into the framework of the theory of the generalized reflection/transmission coefficients, our method, when applied to calculate the toroidal modes, produces results that agree extremely well with the exact results from Mineos and successfully overcomes the limitations of the WKBJ analysis. Given any 1-D earth model, regardless of the number of discontinuities, our method can perform the calculations reliably with satisfactory accuracy at high frequencies. The success achieved with the toroidal modes encourages us to tackle in a future study the asymptotic computation of the spheroidal modes, especially those high-frequency trapped modes for which the accuracy of Mineos is demonstrably inadequate.
Antioxidative Defense Genes and Brain Structure in Youth Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Zou Yi , Kennedy Kody G , Grigorian Anahit , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Freeman Natalie , Zai Clement C , Kennedy James L , MacIntosh Bradley J , Goldstein Benjamin I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress is implicated in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). We investigated the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the antioxidative genes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) with structural neuroimaging phenotypes in youth BD.

Methods
SOD2 rs4880 and GPX3 rs3792797 SNP genotypes, along with structural magnetic resonance imaging, were obtained from 147 youth (BD = 75; healthy controls = 72). Images were processed using FreeSurfer, yielding surface area, volume, and thickness values for regions of interest (prefrontal cortex [PFC], caudal anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus) and for vertex-wise whole-brain analysis. Analyses controlled for age, sex, race, and intracranial volume for volume, area, and thickness analyses.

Result
Regions of interest analyses revealed diagnosis-by-SOD2 rs4880 interaction effects for caudal anterior cingulate cortex volume and surface area as well as PFC volume; in each case, there was lower volume/area in the BD GG genotype group vs the healthy controls GG genotype group. There was a significant BD diagnosis × GPX3 rs3793797 interaction effect for PFC surface area, where area was lower in the BD A-allele carrier group vs the other genotype groups. Vertex-wise analyses revealed significant interaction effects in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions related to smaller brain structure in the BD SOD2 rs4880 GG group and BD GPX3 rs3793797 A-allele carrier group.

Conclusion
We found preliminary evidence that SOD2 rs4880 and GPX3 rs3792797 are differentially associated with brain structures in youth with BD in regions that are relevant to BD. Further studies incorporating additional neuroimaging phenotypes and blood levels of oxidative stress markers are warranted.
Five Years of GenoTyphi: Updates to the Global Salmonella Typhi Genotyping Framework
Authors: Dyson Zoe A , Holt Kathryn E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In 2016, a whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based genotyping framework (GenoTyphi) was developed and provided a phylogenetically informative nomenclature for lineages of Salmonella Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid fever. Subsequent surveillance studies have revealed additional epidemiologically important subpopulations, which require the definition of new genotypes and extension of associated software to facilitate the detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mutations. Analysis of 4632 WGS provide an updated overview of the global S Typhi population structure and genotyping framework, revealing the widespread nature of haplotype 58 ([H58] 4.3.1) genotypes and the diverse range of genotypes carrying AMR mutations.
Tough Enough: How Domestic Pressure to Use Force Affects Leaders Differently
Authors: Timmerman Matthew N 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExisting literature assesses how prior military training affects the likelihood that leaders use military force in office. One gap in this literature is whether a leader's domestic environment also shapes individual propensity for use of force. I focus on militarism as a domestic factor that triggers variation in the conflict tendencies of leaders and operationalize militarism with a novel metric that compares military to welfare spending. The results show that militarism has an equal effect on the conflict propensity of leaders with civilian and military backgrounds. However, comparing military leaders with combat experience to those without combat experience, the results show that militarism produces the strongest effect on the conflict propensity of military-no-combat leaders, particularly in dictatorships. I posit that this outcome results from the pressure that these leaders confront to demonstrate toughness. I refer to the pressure to perform toughness as the “demonstration dynamic” and use this concept to explain the dramatic shift in Libyan foreign policy from King Idris to Muammar Qaddafi.
Recurrent preterm birth risk assessment for two delivery subtypes: A multivariable analysis
Authors: Rattsev Ilia , Flaks-Manov Natalie , Jelin Angie C , Bai Jiawei , Taylor Casey Overby 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe study sought to develop and apply a framework that uses a clinical phenotyping tool to assess risk for recurrent preterm birth.Materials and MethodsWe extended an existing clinical phenotyping tool and applied a 4-step framework for our retrospective cohort study. The study was based on data collected in the Genomic and Proteomic Network for Preterm Birth Research Longitudinal Cohort Study (GPN-PBR LS). A total of 52 sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric history-related risk factors were selected for the analysis. Spontaneous and indicated delivery subtypes were analyzed both individually and in combination. Chi-square analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimate were used for univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analysis.Results: A total of 428 women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth qualified for our analysis. The predictors of preterm delivery used in multivariable model were maternal age, maternal race, household income, marital status, previous caesarean section, number of previous deliveries, number of previous abortions, previous birth weight, cervical insufficiency, decidual hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. The models stratified by delivery subtype performed better than the naïve model (concordance 0.76 for the spontaneous model, 0.87 for the indicated model, and 0.72 for the naïve model).DiscussionThe proposed 4-step framework is effective to analyze risk factors for recurrent preterm birth in a retrospective cohort and possesses practical features for future analyses with other data sources (eg, electronic health record data).ConclusionsWe developed an analytical framework that utilizes a clinical phenotyping tool and performed a survival analysis to analyze risk for recurrent preterm birth.
Uncovering species boundaries through qualitative and quantitative morphology in the genus Dasyprocta (Rodentia, Caviomorpha), with emphasis in D. punctata and D. variegata
Authors: Teta Pablo , Reyes-Amaya Nicolás 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The genus Dasyprocta Illiger, 1811 includes at least 13 species of medium-sized caviomorph rodents, widely distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina. Despite being abundant, largely diurnal, and easily identifiable by their external traits, the taxonomy of this genus remains poorly understood. In this work, we reviewed the taxonomy of Dasyprocta along the Andes and adjoining lowland areas of the western Neotropics, including samples from Mexico to northern Argentina, with emphasis on two species largely confounded—sometimes considered as synonyms—during the last century: D. punctata Gray, 1842 and D. variegata Tschudi, 1845. In the construction of our taxonomic hypotheses, we use a purely morphological approach, emphasizing qualitative and quantitative cranial features and external traits (color patterns). The results of multivariate statistical analysis and differences in color patterns support the species-level validity of D. punctata and D. variegata. Within this latter nominal form, we also include those populations from northern Argentina and eastern Bolivia that recently were referred to D. azarae. Based on our results, D. punctata (including bellula, callida, candelensis, chiapensis, chocoensis, colombiana, dariensis, isthmica, nuchalis, richmondi, underwoodi, yucatanica, and zuliae) extends from southern Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador, northernmost Peru, and western Venezuela, while D. variegata (including azarae, boliviae, and yungarum) is distributed from south–central Peru and southwestern Brazil to Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.
Disability and the Goods of Life
Authors: Campbell Stephen M , Nyholm Sven , Walter Jennifer K 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe so-called Disability Paradox arises from the apparent tension between the popular view that disability leads to low well-being and the relatively high life-satisfaction reports of disabled people. Our aim in this essay is to make some progress toward dissolving this alleged paradox by exploring the relationship between disability and various “goods of life”—that is, components of a life that typically make a person’s life go better for them. We focus on four widely recognized goods of life (happiness, rewarding relationships, knowledge, achievement) and four common types of disability (sensory, mobility, intellectual, and social) and systematically examine the extent to which the four disability types are in principle compatible with obtaining the four goods of life. Our findings suggest that there is a high degree of compatibility. This undermines the widespread view that disabilities, by their very nature, substantially limit a person’s ability to access the goods of life, and it provides some guidance on how to dissolve the Disability Paradox.
Clinical Implications of Inter- and Intratumor Heterogeneity of Immune Cell Markers in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhu Bin , Hutchinson Amy , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Consonni Dario , Caporaso Neil E , Zhang Tongwu , Wang Difei , Shi Jianxin , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Immune cell transcriptome signatures have been widely used to study the lung tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is unclear to what extent the immune cell composition in the lung TME varies across histological and molecular subtypes (intertumor heterogeneity [inter-TH]) and within tumors (intratumor heterogeneity [ITH]) and whether ITH has any prognostic relevance.

Methods
Using RNA sequencing in 269 tumor samples from 160 lung cancer patients, we quantified the inter-TH of immune gene expression and immune cell abundance and evaluated the association of median immune cell abundance with clinical and pathological features and overall survival. In 39 tumors with 132 multiregion samples, we also analyzed the ITH of immune cell abundance in relation to overall survival using a variance-weighted multivariate Cox model not biased by the number of samples per tumor.

Results
Substantial inter-TH of 14 immune cell types was observed even within the same histological and molecular subtypes, but early stage tumors had higher lymphocyte infiltration across all tumor types. In multiregion samples, an unbiased estimate of low ITH of overall immune cell composition (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21 to 0.78; P = .007), dendritic cells (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.096 to 0.58; P = .002), and macrophages (HR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.84; P = .009) was strongly associated with poor survival. The ITH of 3 markers, including CD163 and CD68 (macrophages) and CCL13 (dendritic cells), was enough to characterize the ITH of the corresponding immune cell abundances and its association with overall survival.

Conclusion
This study suggests that lack of immune cell diversity may facilitate tumor evasion and progression. ITH inferred from CCL13, CD163, and CD68 could be used as a prognostic tool in clinical practice.