bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Biopsy beim Mammakarzinom
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Krawczyk Natalia , Fehm Tanja 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren gewinnt die Liquid Biopsy, d. h. die blutbasierte Untersuchung von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (CTCs) und Nukleinsäuren (DNA/RNA) beim Mammakarzinom zunehmend an Relevanz. Zahlreiche Studien haben bereits die hohe prognostische Bedeutung der CTC-Detektion sowohl im frühen als auch metastasierten Stadium gezeigt. Des Weiteren korrelieren die Veränderungen der CTC-Zahlen und der zirkulierenden Tumor-DNA (ctDNA) im Verlauf der Erkrankung mit dem Ansprechen auf die Therapie. Im Fokus der Forschung stehen derzeit die Liquid-Biopsy-basierten Therapieinterventionen beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom. In diesem Kontext wurde Alpelisib, ein PI3K-Inhibitor, als erste Substanz durch die FDA und die EMA zugelassen.
Structured Reporting of Acute Ischemic Stroke – Consensus-Based Reporting Templates for Non-Contrast Cranial Computed Tomography, CT Angiography, and CT Perfusion
Authors: Brendle Cornelia , Bender Benjamin , Selo Nadja , Poli Sven , Tünnerhoff Johannes , Huber Thomas , Kirschke Jan , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Wiest Roland , Berlis Ansgar , Liebig Thomas , Korczynski Oliver , Ernemann Ulrike , Hempel Johann-Martin 
Published: July 2021

Purpose Structured reporting is an essential step in establishing standardized quality standards in diagnostic radiology. The German Society of Radiology and the German Society of Neuroradiology aim to provide templates for the structured reporting of different radiological examinations.
Method The Information Technology working group of the German Society of Radiology developed structured templates for the radiological reporting of different indications in consensus with specialist support by experts.
Results We present a template for the structured reporting of examinations of patients with acute ischemic stroke by non-contrast computed tomography, CT angiography, and CT perfusion. This template is provided on the website www.befundung.drg.de for free use.
Conclusion Implementation of the structured template may increase quality and provide a minimum standard for radiological reports in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Thermal stability of crown-motif [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ and [MAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (M = Pd, Pt) clusters: Effects of gas composition, single-atom doping, and counter anions
Authors: Matsuyama Tomoki , Kikkawa Soichi , Fujiki Yu , Tsukada Mio , Takaya Hikaru , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Nitta Kiyofumi , Nakatani Naoki , Negishi Yuichi , Yamazoe Seiji 
Published: July 2021

The thermal behaviors of ligand-protected metal clusters, [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ and [MAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (M = Pd, Pt) with a crown-motif structure, were investigated to determine the effects of the gas composition, single-atom doping, and counter anions on the thermal stability of these clusters. We successfully synthesized crown-motif [PdAu8(PPh3)8][HPMo12O40] (PdAu8–PMo12) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8][HPMo12O40] (PtAu8–PMo12) salts with a cesium-chloride-type structure, which is the same as the [Au9(PPh3)8][PMo12O40] (Au9–PMo12) structure. Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the crown-motif structure of Au9–PMo12 was decomposed at ∼475 K without weight loss to form Au nanoparticles. After structural decomposition, the ligands were desorbed from the sample. The ligand desorption temperature of Au9–PMo12 increased under 20% O2 conditions because of the formation of Au nanoparticles and stronger interaction of the formed O=PPh3 than PPh3. The Pd and Pt single-atom doping improved the thermal stability of the clusters. This improvement was due to the formation of a large bonding index of M–Au and a change in Au–PPh3 bonding energy by heteroatom doping. Moreover, we found that the ligand desorption temperatures were also affected by the type of counter anions, whose charge and size influence the localized Coulomb interaction and cluster packing between the cationic ligand-protected metal clusters and counter anions.
Three-color single-molecule imaging reveals conformational dynamics of dynein undergoing motility
Authors: Niekamp Stefan , Stuurman Nico , Zhang Nan , Vale Ronald D. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
Dynein, a dimeric motor protein, moves along microtubules through adenosine 5′-triphosphate- and thermal-driven motions of two large ring domains (AAA rings) and small microtubule-binding domains (MTBDs) separated by a long coiled-coil. Previous single-molecule studies have tracked the positions of the AAA rings during motility, but not the MTBDs. Here, we tracked the relative positions of both MTBDs and one AAA ring by three-color, nanometer-resolution imaging. The observation of both MTBDs provided a direct measurement of how dynein steps on the tubulin subunits, and the simultaneous observation of three fiducial markers revealed extraordinary flexibility and previously unknown conformational states of the motor during motility. The techniques presented here can be used to explore conformational dynamics of many other macromolecular complexes.
Soluble mannose receptor induces proinflammatory macrophage activation and metaflammation
Authors: Embgenbroich Maria , van der Zande Hendrik J. P. , Hussaarts Leonie , Schulte-Schrepping Jonas , Pelgrom Leonard R. , García-Tardón Noemí , Schlautmann Laura , Stoetzel Isabel , Händler Kristian , Lambooij Joost M. , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna , Hoving Lisa , de Ruiter Karin , Wijngaarden Marjolein A. , Pijl Hanno , Willems van Dijk Ko , Everts Bart , van Harmelen Vanessa , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Schultze Joachim L. , Guigas Bruno , Burgdorf Sven 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceObesity-associated metaflammation is an emerging disease, in which proinflammatory macrophages play a decisive role. Here, we identified the soluble mannose receptor (sMR) as a regulator of metaflammation and demonstrated increased levels of sMR in obese mice and humans. Additionally, we identified that increased sMR directly binds to CD45 on macrophages, inhibiting its activity and inducing inflammatory macrophage activation via the Akt/NF-κB pathway. Consequently, increased sMR levels induced inflammatory activation of metabolic tissue macrophages and aggravation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis. These data identify the MR as a regulator of macrophage activation and offer perspectives for therapeutic approaches for the treatment of metaflammation.
Wild-type GBA1 increases the α-synuclein tetramer–monomer ratio, reduces lipid-rich aggregates, and attenuates motor and cognitive deficits in mice
Authors: Glajch Kelly E. , Moors Tim E. , Chen Yi , Bechade Pascal A. , Nam Alice Y. , Rajsombath Molly M. , McCaffery Thomas D. , Dettmer Ulf , Weihofen Andreas , Hirst Warren D. , Selkoe Dennis J. , Nuber Silke 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The mechanisms responsible for brain α-synuclein (αS) dyshomeostasis, caused by Gaucher’s GBA1 mutations that increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk, are largely unknown. We previously showed that abrogating physiological αS tetramers by a familial PD-E46K–amplified 3K mutation produces PD-like syndrome in mice and that treatment with stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitors increased a portion of the αS tetramers, benefitting the motor phenotypes. Here, we show that—similar to previous findings in GBA1-mutant PD culture—GCase elevation prolonged the stabilization of wild-type and 3K mutant αS tetramers in wtGBA1–transduced mouse brains, improving lysosomal integrity and motor and cognitive phenotypes. These data help elucidating lipid modulators that impact the αS physiological state in vivo and the development of PD therapeutic approaches.
Nature of dynamic gradients, glass formation, and collective effects in ultrathin freestanding films
Authors: Ghanekarade Asieh , Phan Anh D. , Schweizer Kenneth S. , Simmons David S. 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The origin of spatially heterogeneous alterations in the dynamics of nanoconfined liquids has been a major question in physics, chemistry, and materials science for over 30 y. We combine simulation and theory to establish a unified predictive microscopic understanding in freestanding films at low to medium molecular weight, spanning from thick to ultrathin films. The simulation-based phenomenology of altered dynamics is theoretically predicted and understood based on a combination of coupled near-interface gradients of local caging constraints and interfacial and finite size-induced changes in a collective elastic barrier to motion. No invocation of any realized or incipient critical-like phenomenon is necessary, which may have broad implications for other confined systems and the mechanism of the bulk glass transition.
Backward control, long distance agree, nominative case and TP/CP
transparency
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis , Anagnostopoulou Elena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the evidence that what
has been analyzed as Backward Control in Greek is just another
instance of Long Distance Agree. Through the formation of such long
distance chains, Greek allows non-local assignment of nominative. We
further argue that long distance chains come in two versions,
obligatory ones and optional ones; the former involve
uninterpretable T in the embedded clause, while the latter involve
the formation of a chain between matrix T and embedded T with
interpretable features across a CP phase boundary, which can be
suspended. We finally attempt an explanation for the observation
that [+Perfective] Aspect may disallow long distance chain formation
in Greek.
Control and covert modality in Hungarian
Authors: Szécsényi Krisztina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We discuss two seemingly unrelated constructions
of Hungarian: a type of modal existential
wh-construction (MEC), and a structure that on the
surface seems to be a monoclausal focus construction. They are
argued to have a similar biclausal underlying structure involving
control and covert modality, the latter triggering the raising of
the embedded verb to the selecting predicate. To account for this
movement and other transparency phenomena attested in these
constructions, adjunction of the moved wh-words to a non-finite
TP-domain is proposed following Šimík (2011, 2013a). This analysis is closer to standard
cross-linguistic accounts of both control and restructuring: though
infinitival clauses can contain their own focus-related elements, it
seems justifiable to assume that they are smaller than CPs.
Attoclock with bicircular laser fields as a probe of velocity-dependent tunnel-exit positions
Authors: Brennecke Simon , Eckart Sebastian , Lein Manfred 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Strong-field ionization of atoms can be investigated on the attosecond time scale by using the attoclock method, i.e. by observing the peak of the photoelectron momentum distribution (PMD) after applying a laser pulse with a two-dimensional polarization form. Examples for such laser fields are close-to-circular or bicircular fields. Here, we report numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for bicircular fields and a comparison with a compact classical model to demonstrate that the tunnel-exit position, i.e. the position where the electron emerges after tunnel ionization, is encoded in the PMD. We find that the tunnel-exit position depends on the transverse velocity of the tunneling electron. This gives rise to a momentum-dependent attoclock shift, meaning that the momentum shift due to the Coulomb force on the outgoing electron depends on which slice of the momentum distribution is analysed. Our finding is supported by a momentum-space-based implementation of the classical backpropagation method.
Following O and OH in He/O2 and He/H2O gas mixtures—from the gas phase through the liquid phase to modifications on a biological sample
Authors: Stapelmann Katharina , Myers Brayden , Quesada Maria Herrera , Lenker Eleanor , Ranieri Pietro J 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Applied cold atmospheric plasma allows for the controlled delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species tailored for specific applications. Through the manipulation of the plasma parameters, feed gases, and careful consideration of the environment surrounding the treatment target, selective chemistries that preferentially influence the target can be produced and delivered. To demonstrate this, the COST reference microscale atmospheric pressure plasma jet is used to study the generation and transport of O and

⋅

OH from the gas phase through the liquid to the biological model target cysteine. Relative and absolute species densities of

⋅

OH and O are measured in the gas phase through laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon absorption LIF respectively. The transport of these species is followed into the liquid phase by hydrogen peroxide quantification and visualized by a fluorescence assay. Modifications to the model biological sample cysteine exposed to

⋅

OH and H2O2 dominated chemistry (He/H2O (0.25%)) and O dominated chemistry (He/O2 (0.6%)) is measured by FTIR spectroscopy. The origin of these species that modify cysteine is considered through the use of heavy water (H

2

18

O) and mass spectrometry. It is found that the reaction pathways differ significantly for He/O2 and He/H2O. Hydrogen peroxide is formed mainly in the liquid phase in the presence of a substrate for He/O2 whereas for He/H2O it forms in the gas phase. The liquid chemistry resulting from the He/O2 admixture mainly targets the sulfur moiety of cysteine for oxidation up to irreversible oxidation states, while He/H2O treatment leads preferentially to reversible oxidation products. The more O or OH/H2O2 dominated chemistry produced by the two gas admixtures studied offers the possibility to select species for target modification.
Heat transfer of graphene foams and carbon nanotube forests under forced convection
Authors: Cohen Yaniv , Reddy Siva K , Ya’akobovitz Assaf 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The effective dissipation of heat from electronic devices is essential to enable their long-term operation and their further miniaturization. Graphene foams (GF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are promising materials for thermal applications, including heat dissipation, due to their excellent thermal conduction and low thermal interface resistance. Here, we study the heat transfer characteristics of these two materials under forced convection. We applied controlled airflow to heated samples of GF and CNT forests while recording their temperature using infrared micro-thermography. Then, we analyzed the samples using finite-element simulations in conjunction with a genetic optimization algorithm, and we extracted their heat fluxes in both the horizontal and vertical directions. We found that boundary layers have a profound impact on the heat transfer characteristics of our samples, as they reduce the heat transfer in the horizontal direction. The heat transfer in the vertical direction, on the other hand, is dominated by the material conduction and is much higher than the horizontal heat transfer. Accordingly, we uncover the fundamental thermal behavior of GF and CNT forests, paving the way toward their successful integration into thermal applications, including cooling devices.
Deep reinforcement learning for predicting kinetic pathways to surface reconstruction in a ternary alloy
Authors: Yoon Junwoong , Cao Zhonglin , Raju Rajesh K , Wang Yuyang , Burnley Robert , Gellman Andrew J , Barati Farimani Amir , Ulissi Zachary W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The majority of computational catalyst design focuses on the screening of material components and alloy composition to optimize selectivity and activity for a given reaction. However, predicting the metastability of the alloy catalyst surface at realistic operating conditions requires an extensive sampling of possible surface reconstructions and their associated kinetic pathways. We present CatGym, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) environment for predicting the thermal surface reconstruction pathways and their associated kinetic barriers in crystalline solids under reaction conditions. The DRL agent iteratively changes the positions of atoms in the near-surface region to generate kinetic pathways to accessible local minima involving changes in the surface compositions. We showcase our agent by predicting the surface reconstruction pathways of a ternary Ni3Pd3Au2(111) alloy catalyst. Our results show that the DRL agent can not only explore more diverse surface compositions than the conventional minima hopping method, but also generate the kinetic surface reconstruction pathways. We further demonstrate that the kinetic pathway to a global minimum energy surface composition and its associated transition state predicted by our agent is in good agreement with the minimum energy path predicted by nudged elastic band calculations.
Effects of the Great Recession on Educational Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: Jiang Yanping , Boylan Jennifer Morozink , Zilioli Samuele 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Macroeconomic crises can exaggerate existing educational disparities in health. Few studies, however, have examined whether macroeconomic crises get under the skin to affect educational disparities in health-related biological processes.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of the economic recession of 2008 (i.e., Great Recession) on educational disparities in cardiometabolic risk and self-reported psychological distress.

Methods
Data were drawn from two subsamples of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study: the second wave of the MIDUS sample (pre-recession cohort, N = 985) and the refresher sample (post-recession cohort, N = 863). Educational attainment was categorized into high school education or less, some college, and bachelor’s degree or higher. Outcomes included metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, as well as self-reported perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and financial distress.

Results
Results showed that having a bachelor’s degree or higher (compared to having a high school education or less) was more strongly associated with decreased metabolic syndrome symptoms in the post-recession cohort than the pre-recession cohort, above and beyond demographic, health, and behavioral covariates. These findings did not extend to systemic inflammation or psychological distress.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that chronic macroeconomic stressors may widen the educational gap in physical health, particularly cardiometabolic health, by modifying biological and anthropometric risk factors implicated in metabolic syndrome.
Comparison of the Wrist-Worn Fitbit Charge 2 and the Waist-Worn Actigraph GTX3 for Measuring Steps Taken in Occupational Settings
Authors: Garza Jennifer L , Wu Zhao H , Singh Manjot , Cherniack Martin G 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives
If consumer-based monitors such as Fitbit can measure activity accurately, it could provide opportunities for improved assessment of physical activity in general and at work for research purposes. The accuracy of the Fitbit has hardly been investigated in an occupational setting.

Methods
We compared measurements of steps taken at work, out-of-work, and in total of a wrist-worn Fitbit to a waist-worn Actigraph. Seventeen participants wore the Fitbit and Actigraph for 1 full workday.

Results
Compared with the Actigraph, the Fitbit consistently recorded more steps [mean steps at work Fitbit = 7850 (6974), Actigraph = 4396 (1991); out-of-work Fitbit = 6414 (5691), Actigraph = 4116 (3502); total Fitbit = 13 478 (10 666), Actigraph = 8009 (5167)].

Conclusions
Compared with the Actigraph, the Fitbit consistently recorded more steps at work, out-of-work, and in total. The Fitbit and Actigraph recordings were more consistent for measuring steps taken out-of-work compared with at work. Steps counts recorded by the Fitbit, especially in occupational settings, may be inaccurate.
Mediation analysis for survival data with high-dimensional mediators
Authors: Zhang Haixiang , Zheng Yinan , Hou Lifang , Zheng Cheng , Liu Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotivationMediation analysis has become a prevalent method to identify causal pathway(s) between an independent variable and a dependent variable through intermediate variable(s). However, little work has been done when the intermediate variables (mediators) are high-dimensional and the outcome is a survival endpoint. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to identify potential mediators in a causal framework of high-dimensional Cox regression.ResultsWe first reduce the data dimension through a mediation-based sure independence screening method. A de-biased Lasso inference procedure is used for Cox’s regression parameters. We adopt a multiple-testing procedure to accurately control the false discovery rate when testing high-dimensional mediation hypotheses. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of our method. We apply this approach to explore the mediation mechanisms of 379 330 DNA methylation markers between smoking and overall survival among lung cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas lung cancer cohort. Two methylation sites (cg08108679 and cg26478297) are identified as potential mediating epigenetic markers.Availability and implementationOur proposed method is available with the R package HIMA at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/HIMA/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Avoiding rather than resisting herbivore attacks is often the first line of plant defence
Authors: Lev-Yadun Simcha 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA common idea is that resisting or blocking herbivore attacks by structural, chemical and molecular means after they have commenced is the first line of plant defence. However, these are all secondary defences, operating only when all the various methods of avoiding attack have failed. The real first line of plant defence from herbivory and herbivore-transmitted pathogens is avoiding such attacks altogether. Several visual, chemical and ‘statistical’ methods (and commonly their combined effects) have been proposed to allow avoidance of herbivore attacks. The visual types are camouflage, masquerade, aposematic coloration of toxic or physically defended plants (including Müllerian/Batesian mimicry), undermining herbivorous insect camouflage, delayed greening, dazzle and trickery coloration, heterophylly that undermines host identification, leaf movements, and signalling that colourful autumn leaves are soon to be shed. The mimicry types include: herbivore damage, insects and other animals, fungal infestation, dead/dry leaves or branches, animal droppings, and stones and soil. Olfactory-based tactics include odour aposematism by poisonous plants, various repelling volatiles, mimicry of faeces and carrion odours, and mimicry of aphid alarm pheromones. The ‘statistical’ methods are mast fruiting, flowering only once in many years and being rare. In addition to the theoretical aspects, understanding these mechanisms may have considerable potential for agricultural or forestry applications.