bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of friction stir processing on microstructures and mechanical properties of TIG cladding layer on AA7075
Authors: Shi Chao , Liu Chao , Zhu Kaizhen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
AA7075 is a precipitation strengthened Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy which has been widely used. As a common way to repair AA7075 components, tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding generates coarse grains and defects. In addition, the use of other types of filler wires could lead to insufficient rigidity and strength of the cladding layer. In the present work, friction stir processing (FSP) has been applied to the TIG cladding layer on AA7075 to study the effect of process parameters on microstructures and mechanical properties. The macro/micro structural characteristics, elemental distribution, microhardness distribution and tensile properties have been investigated. The macroscopic defects in TIG cladding layer are eliminated and the size of grains is decreases to around 6 μm by FSP. FSP reduces the compositional difference between the stir zone and the base material. Higher rotational speed promotes the grain refinement while the lower traverse speed benefits the microstructural uniformity. FSP on the TIG weld bead brings improvement in tensile properties and hardness. All the fractures for TIG + FSP samples occur at thermo-mechanically affected zone of the advancing side. The tensile strength of the stir zone increases from 424.2 to 442.8 MPa with the increase in rotational speed and traverse speed.
Single-atom catalyst cathodes for lithium–oxygen batteries: a review
Authors: Lei Xin , Liu Bo , Koudakan Payam Ahmadian , Pan Hongge , Qian Yitai , Wang Gongming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recently, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been found to be promising candidates for oxygen electrocatalysis in rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) owing to their high oxygen electrocatalytic activity and high stability, which originates from their unique coordination environments and electronic properties. As a new type of catalyst for LOBs, the advancements have never been reviewed and discussed comprehensively. Herein, breakthroughs in the design of various types of SACs as cathode catalysts for LOBs are summarized, including Co-based, Ru-based, and other types of SACs. Moreover, considerable emphasis is placed on the correlations between the structural feature of the SAC active sites and the electrocatalytic performance of LOBs. Finally, an overview and challenges of SACs for practical LOBs are also provided. This review provides an intensive understanding of SACs for designing efficient oxygen electrocatalysis and offers useful guidelines for the development of SACs in the field of LOBs.
A proof of Casselman’s comparison theorem
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Gang , Yu Jun 
Published: December 2021

Let

G
G

be a real linear reductive group and

K
K

be a maximal compact subgroup. Let

P
P

be a minimal parabolic subgroup of

G
G

with complexified Lie algebra

p

\mathfrak {p}

, and

n

\mathfrak {n}

be its nilradical. In this paper we show that: for any admissible finitely generated moderate growth smooth Fréchet representation

V
V

of

G
G

, the inclusion

V

K

⊂
V

V_{K}\subset V

induces isomorphisms

H

i

(

n

,

V

K

)
≅

H

i

(

n

,
V
)

H_{i}(\mathfrak {n},V_{K})\cong H_{i}(\mathfrak {n},V)

(

i
≥
0

i\geq 0

), where

V

K

V_{K}

denotes the

(

g

,
K
)

(\mathfrak {g},K)

module of

K
K

finite vectors in

V
V

. This is called Casselman’s comparison theorem (see Henryk Hecht and Joseph L. Taylor [A remark on Casselman’s comparison theorem, Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, Ma, 1998, pp. 139–146]). As a consequence, we show that: for any

k
≥
1

k\geq 1

,

n

k

V

\mathfrak {n}^{k}V

is a closed subspace of

V
V

and the inclusion

V

K

⊂
V

V_{K}\subset V

induces an isomorphism

V

K

/

n

k

V

K

=
V

/

n

k

V

V_{K}/\mathfrak {n}^{k}V_{K}= V/\mathfrak {n}^{k}V

. This strengthens Casselman’s automatic continuity theorem (see W. Casselman [Canad. J. Math. 41 (1989), pp. 385–438] and Nolan R. Wallach [Real reductive groups, Academic Press, Boston, MA, 1992]).
Barriers and facilitators to nursing delirium screening in older emergency patients: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Eagles Debra , Cheung Warren J , Avlijas Tanja , Yadav Krishan , Ohle Robert , Taljaard Monica , Molnar Frank , Stiell Ian G 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgrounddelirium is common in older emergency department (ED) patients, but vastly under-recognised, in part due to lack of standardised screening processes. Understanding local context and barriers to delirium screening are integral for successful implementation of a delirium screening protocol.Objectiveswe sought to identify barriers and facilitators to delirium screening by nurses in older ED patients.Methodswe conducted 15 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework with bedside nurses, nurse educators and managers at two academic EDs in 2017. Two research assistants independently coded transcripts. Relevant domains and themes were identified.Resultsa total of 717 utterances were coded into 14 domains. Three dominant themes emerged: (i) lack of clinical prioritisation because of competing demands, lack of time and heavy workload; (ii) discordance between perceived capabilities and knowledge and (iii) hospital culture.Conclusionthis qualitative study explored nursing barriers and facilitators to delirium screening in older ED patients. We found that delirium was recognised as an important clinical problem; however, it was not clinically prioritised; there was a false self-perception of knowledge and ability to recognise delirium and hospital culture was a strong influencer of behaviour. Successful adoption of a delirium screening protocol will only be realised if these issues are addressed.
Development and evaluation of an evidence-based, theory-grounded online Clinical Frailty Scale tutorial
Authors: Haddad Taleen , Mulpuru Sunita , Salter Ivy , Hladkowicz Emily , Des Autels Kathryne , Gagne Sylvain , Bryson Gregory L , McCartney Colin J L , Huang Allen , Huang Shirley , Forster Alan , van Walraven Carl , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Fernando Shannon M , Nagpal Sudhir , Moloo Husein , Boet Sylvain , Le Blanc Vicki , Lalu Manoj M , McIsaac Daniel I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Frailty is a robust predictor of adverse outcomes in older people. Practice guidelines recommend routine screening for frailty; however, this does not occur regularly. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a validated, feasible instrument that can be used in a variety of clinical settings and is associated with many adverse outcomes. Our objective was to develop and evaluate an online training module to guide frailty assessment using the CFS.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team of clinical experts developed an evidence-based, theory-grounded online training module for users who wished to perform frailty assessment using the CFS. The module was prospectively evaluated for user satisfaction, effectiveness and feasibility using a standardised questionnaire. Qualitative feedback was analysed with thematic analysis.

Results
Version 1 of the CFS module was used 627 times from 21 October 2019 to 24 March 2020. Satisfaction, effectiveness and feasibility of the module were positively rated (≥4/5 on a 5-point Likert scale n = 582 [93%], n = 507, [81%], n = 575, [91%], respectively). Qualitative feedback highlighted ease of use, likelihood of users to share the module with others and opportunities to increase multimedia content.

Conclusion
An online tutorial, designed using evidence and theory to guide frailty assessment using the CFS, was positively rated by users. The module’s content and structure was rated effective and feasible, and users were satisfied with, and likely to share, the module. Research evaluating the module’s impact on the accuracy of frailty assessment is required.
Association between kidney function and incidence of dementia: 10-year follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Singh-Manoux Archana , Oumarou-Ibrahim Amina , Machado-Fragua Marcos D , Dumurgier Julien , Brunner Erics J , Kivimaki Mika , Fayosse Aurore , Sabia Sèverine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Cognitive dysfunction is common in haemodialysis patients but whether poor kidney function in the general population is also associated with higher risk of dementia remains unclear.

Objective
To examine the association of kidney function with incident dementia in community dwelling older adults.

Design
Whitehall II prospective study.

Setting
Population-based study on 6,050 adults, mean age 65.8 in 2007–2009.

Methods
Poor kidney function, defined as estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 2007–2009, and adverse change in eGFR was defined as decrease ≥4 ml/min/1.73 m2 between 2007–2009 and 2012–2013.
Incident dementia was ascertained through linkage to electronic health records, and Cox regression was used to examine associations with dementia.

Results
A total of 306 cases of dementia were recorded over a mean follow-up of 10 years. Baseline eGFR &lt;60 was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for dementia of 1.37 (95% CI 1.02, 1.85) in analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, hypertension, obesity, stroke, diabetes and cardiovascular disease/medication. Removing stroke cases at baseline and censoring them over the follow-up yielded an HR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.00, 2.00) for the association between CKD and dementia. Decline of eGFR ≥4 between 2007–2009 and 2012–2013 was associated with incidence of dementia over a 6.3 year mean follow-up (HR: 1.37; 95% CI 1.02, 1.85), with somewhat stronger associations when analyses were restricted to those with eGFR ≥60 in 2007–2009 (1.56; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.19).

Conclusion
Poor and declining kidney function in older adults is associated with a higher risk of dementia that is not attributable to stroke and persists after accounting for major cardiometabolic conditions.
Chronic pain and circumstances of falls in community-living older adults: an exploratory study
Authors: Cai Yurun , Leveille Suzanne G , Shi Ling , Chen Ping , You Tongjian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain is a risk factor contributing to mobility impairment and falls in older adults. Little is known about the patterns of circumstances of falls among older adults with chronicpain.

Objective
To examine the relationship between chronic pain and circumstances of falls including location, activities at the time of falls and self-reported causes of falls in older adults.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Communities in/around Boston, Massachusetts.

Subjects
The MOBILIZE Boston Study enrolled 765 adults aged ≥70 years.

Methods
Pain severity, fall occurrence and fall circumstances were recorded using monthly calendar postcards and fall follow-up interviews during a 4-year follow-up period. Generalised estimating equation models were performed to examine the relation between monthly pain ratings and circumstances of the first fall in the subsequent month.

Results
Compared to fallers without chronic pain, fallers with moderate-to-severe pain had around twice the likelihood of reporting indoor falls (aOR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.32–2.83), falls in living or dining rooms (aOR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.27–3.36), and falls due to health problems (aOR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.16–3.74) or feeling dizzy or faint (aOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.08–4.11), but they were less likely to report falls while going down stairs (aOR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.27–0.87) or falls due to a slip or trip (aOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.47–0.95) in the subsequent month.

Conclusions
Given the exploratory nature of the study, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future studies may investigate whether better pain management and tailored fall prevention in older people with chronic pain could lead to fewer falls.
Hepatitic Variant of Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Liang Tom Z , Dong Stephen , Fang Mike , Gong Yuna , Yaghmour George , Chopra Shefali 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) of the liver is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with hepatitic and classic variants. We determined the percentage of hepatitic variant cases, compared clinicopathologic features of the two groups, and assessed prognostic factors.

Methods
Fifty liver biopsy specimens from 40 patients with GVHD were studied.

Results
Fifteen (30%) cases had moderate to marked lobular inflammation and were classified as a hepatitic variant. Bile duct damage was present in all cases. Ductular reaction, apoptosis. and endotheliitis were more commonly seen in the hepatitic variant. Hepatocyte ballooning was an independent poor prognostic factor. The median aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in the hepatitic variant while alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin were higher in the classic group. Forty (80%) GVHD cases were more than 100 days after transplant, correlating to immunosuppression taper. There was response to treatment with increased immunosuppression in both groups, but time to normalization of liver function tests was higher in the hepatitic variant.

Conclusions
Bile duct damage was the most consistent pathologic finding in our cohort and was present in all cases of GVHD. Moderate to marked lobular inflammation can be seen in GVHD in up to 30% of cases without any other coexisting cause. Hepatocyte ballooning is an independent poor prognostic factor.
Temperature Optimization Within 2 Uniquely Designed Courier Lockboxes During Extreme Summer Temperatures
Authors: Hart Stephanie , Wiencek Joesph R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine optimal temperature profiles for 2 uniquely designed courier lockboxes (steel vs polymer) by standardizing daily ice (–20ºC) and cold (4-8ºC) pack placement.

Methods
Paired courier lockboxes were placed outside in direct sunlight. Ambient outdoor and lockbox temperatures were monitored during 2 4-day cycles, and temperature mean and range were determined daily (time frame, 4:00-10:00 pm). Control lockboxes without packs were compared with experimental paired lockboxes with either 2 cold packs placed at 4:00 pm or 4 ice packs placed at 8:00 am and replaced with 4 cold packs at 4:00 pm daily.

Results
Cycle 1 mean temperatures within control steel and polymer lockboxes were 31.8ºC (range, 18.4-44.1ºC) and 37.2ºC (range, 27.1-46.7ºC), respectively. The addition of 2 cold packs at 4:00 pm reduced mean temperatures to 29.1ºC (range, 19.1-37.2ºC) and 25.3ºC (range, 20.0-31.6ºC) in steel and polymer boxes, respectively. Cycle 2 mean temperatures within control steel and polymer lockboxes were 28.3ºC (range, 22.4-40.8ºC) and 31.6ºC (range, 23.8-41.0ºC), respectively. The addition of 4 ice packs at 8:00 am and replacement with 4 cold packs at 4:00 pm reduced mean temperatures to 24.3ºC (range, 17.4-27.9ºC) and 13.4ºC (range, 6.6-18.1ºC) in steel and polymer boxes, respectively.

Conclusions
Standardizing instructions for ice and cold packs can decrease internal courier lockbox temperatures.
From theory to bedside: Implementation of fluid stewardship in a medical ICU pharmacy practice
Authors: Hawkins W Anthony , Butler Sydney A , Poirier Nicole , Wilson Charles S , Long Michael K , Smith Susan E 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Intravenous fluids are the most commonly prescribed medication in the intensive care unit (ICU) and can have a negative impact on patient outcomes if not utilized properly. Fluid stewardship aims to heighten awareness and improve practice in fluid therapy. This report describes a practical construct for implementation of fluid stewardship services and characterizes the pharmacist’s role in fluid stewardship practice.

Summary
Fluid stewardship services were integrated into an adult medical ICU at a large community hospital. Data characterizing these services over a 2-year span are reported and categorized based on the 4 rights (right patient, right drug, right route, right dose) and the ROSE (rescue, optimization, stabilization, evacuation) model of fluid administration. The review encompassed 305 patients totaling 905 patient days for whom 2,597 pharmacist recommendations were made, 19% of which were related to fluid stewardship. This corresponded to an average of 1.52 fluid stewardship recommendations per patient. Within the construct of the 4 rights, 39% of recommendations were related to the right patient, 33% were related to the right route, 17% were related to the right drug, and 11% were related to the right dose. By the ROSE model, 1% of recommendations were related to the rescue phase, 3% were related to optimization, 79% were related to stabilization, and 17% were related to evacuation.

Conclusion
Implementation of fluid stewardship pharmacy services in a community hospital medical ICU is feasible. Integration of this practice contributed to 19% of pharmacy recommendations. The most common recommendations involved evaluation of the patient for the appropriateness of fluid therapy during the stabilization phase. The impact of fluid stewardship on patient outcomes needs to be explored.
I Can’t Breathe, 2020: The Arts and Sciences of Oxygen
Authors: Dimock Wai Chee 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
“I Can’t Breathe, 2020: The Arts and Sciences of Oxygen” proposes a literary criticism responsive to the existential crises of our time, working at the intersection of the linguistic, the physiological, and the atmospheric. Bringing together disciplines usually kept apart, this crisis-responsive genre remaps the input networks of literature, highlighting human agency on opposing ends of the spectrum. Both senses of the anthropogenic are at work here. Human causation is harm-mitigating as well as harm-bearing. Native American literature and pandemic responses provide a compelling archive for this approach. Often discussed only in terms of harm, this body of evidence in fact also shows harm partly alleviated, suggesting that reparative agency is possible, and that diversifying our investigative lens might be one way to begin. Joy Harjo—poet, musician, and former premed major—is a salient test case. “For Alva Benson” and “Ah, Ah,” like her blog posts, and like her saxophone playing, dwell on the respiratory chemistry of the human body as our precarious common ground. This chemistry integrates the arts and sciences of oxygen as physiological need, survival baseline, and expressive medium, speaking to the burden of the past, and holding out the perils and promise of the future.
Ligand-gated ion channels as targets of neuroactive insecticides
Authors: Ihara Makoto 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (Cys-loop receptors) is one of the most ubiquitous ion channel families in vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite their ubiquity, they are targeted by several classes of pesticides, including neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazols, and macrolides such as ivermectins. The current commercialized compounds have high target site selectivity, which contributes to the safety of insecticide use. Structural analyses have accelerated progress in this field; notably, the X-ray crystal structures of acetylcholine binding protein and glutamate-gated Cl channels revealed the details of the molecular interactions between insecticides and their targets. Recently, the functional expression of the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been described, and detailed evaluations using the insect nAChR have emerged. This review discusses the basic concepts and the current insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroactive insecticides targeting the ligand-gated ion channels, particularly Cys-loop receptors, and presents insights into target-based selectivity, resistance, and future drug design.
Critical assessment of computational tools for prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoter prediction
Authors: Zhang Meng , Jia Cangzhi , Li Fuyi , Li Chen , Zhu Yan , Akutsu Tatsuya , Webb Geoffrey I , Zou Quan , Coin Lachlan J M , Song Jiangning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPromoters are crucial regulatory DNA regions for gene transcriptional activation. Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have accelerated the accumulation of genome sequences, providing increased training data to inform computational approaches for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoter prediction. However, it remains a significant challenge to accurately identify species-specific promoter sequences using computational approaches. To advance computational support for promoter prediction, in this study, we curated 58 comprehensive, up-to-date, benchmark datasets for 7 different species (i.e. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays and Drosophila melanogaster) to assist the research community to assess the relative functionality of alternative approaches and support future research on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters. We revisited 106 predictors published since 2000 for promoter identification (40 for prokaryotic promoter, 61 for eukaryotic promoter, and 5 for both). We systematically evaluated their training datasets, computational methodologies, calculated features, performance and software usability. On the basis of these benchmark datasets, we benchmarked 19 predictors with functioning webservers/local tools and assessed their prediction performance. We found that deep learning and traditional machine learning–based approaches generally outperformed scoring function–based approaches. Taken together, the curated benchmark dataset repository and the benchmarking analysis in this study serve to inform the design and implementation of computational approaches for promoter prediction and facilitate more rigorous comparison of new techniques in the future.
pSIR-bsr, a self-inactivating retrovirus vector expressing the blasticidin S-resistance gene
Authors: Fujii Hodaka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Self-inactivating retrovirus vectors are useful tools for generating stable cell lines harbouring designed exogenous sequences but lacking the constitutive transcriptional activity of the long terminal repeats that are usually retained by non-self-inactivating retrovirus vectors. Thus, self-inactivating retrovirus vectors are ideal vehicles for integrated transgenes comprising transcriptional regulatory sequences, and for the genes expressed by these regulatory sequences. This article describes the development of a self-inactivating retrovirus vector retaining a blasticidin S-resistance (bsr) gene. The vector, named pSIR-bsr, would be useful for transducing multiple expression vectors with different selection markers.