bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser speckle correlation technique application for remote characterization of metal nanopowder combustion
Authors: Li L. , Gubarev F. A. , Cao Y. , Liushnevskaya I. D. , Mostovshchikov A. V. 
Published: June 2021

High temperature and luminous plasma make it difficult to study the surface of nanopowders during combustion, particularly, the combustion of aluminum-based nanopowders. The noncontact observation method–laser speckle correlation (LSC) in this work is used for remote characterization of changes in the surface of aluminum nanopowder during combustion in air. The observation results using LSC at a varying distance of up to 5 m were verified by simultaneous high-speed video recording of speckle patterns, analyzing the correlation coefficient of speckle patterns, and comparing the data obtained with direct observation of the combustion process. The results demonstrated the efficiency of using the LSC method for remote characterization of changes in the surface of an object shielded by a luminous layer. The simple hardware implementation makes the LSC method potentially more valuable in the study of various high-temperature processes.
Narrowband mid-infrared absorber based on a mirror-backed low-index dielectric lattice
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Lingfei , Ao Xianyu 
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the design of a narrowband mid-infrared absorber using a structure consisting of low-index dielectric pillar arrays on a highly reflective metal plane. Such a hybrid system can support a high-quality lattice resonance with strongly confined electromagnetic fields at the tops of dielectric structures. For mid-infrared wavelengths around 4 µm, the low-index dielectric can be silica by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and the metal can be copper. The lattice resonance can lead to perfect absorption with a quality factor around 1000 when considering realistic dissipative losses for the low-index dielectric pillars. According to Kirchhoff’s radiation law, the narrowband absorber can work as a high-

Q

surface-emitting thermal emitter in the mid-infrared by heating its substrate.
Burkholderia species in human infections in Mexico: Identification of B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. multivorans, B. vietnamiensis,B. pseudomallei and a new Burkholderia species
Authors: Meza-Radilla Georgina , Larios-Serrato Violeta , Hernández-Castro Rigoberto , Ibarra J. Antonio , Estrada-de los Santos Paulina 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBurkholderia sensu strictois comprised mainly of opportunistic pathogens. This group is widely distributed in the environment but is especially important in clinical settings. In Mexico, few species have been correctly identified among patients, most oftenB.cepaciais described.Methodology/Principal findingsIn this study, approximately 90 strains identified asB.cepaciawith the VITEK2 system were isolated from two medical centers in Mexico City and analyzed by MLSA, BOX-PCR and genome analysis. The initial identification ofB.cepaciawas confirmed for many strains, butB.contaminans,B.multivoransandB.vietnamiensiswere also identified among clinical strains for the first time in hospitals in Mexico. Additionally, the presence ofB.pseudomalleiwas confirmed, and a novel species within theB.cepaciacomplex was documented. Several strains misidentified asB.cepaciaactually belong to the generaPseudomonas,StenotrophomonasandProvidencia.Conclusions/SignificanceThe presence of differentBurkholderiaspecies in Mexico was confirmed. Correct identification ofBurkholderiaspecies is important to provide accurate treatment for immunosuppressed patients.
Attitudes of Croatian pulmonologists concerning obstacles to earlier, more appropriate use of biologics in severe asthma: Survey results
Authors: Grle Sanja Popović , Lampalo Marina , Cincar Sanda Škrinjarić , Kardum Ljiljana Bulat , Gudelj Ivan , Kasap Eugenija Basioli , Vergles Mirna , Tudorić Neven 
Published: June 2021

Aims
Biologics have been proven efficacious for patients with severe asthma (SA). It is essential to diagnose such individuals correctly. This study was designed to survey pulmonologists to identify barriers to early diagnosis and subsequent appropriate use of biologics for SA in Croatia.

Methods
A pulmonologist group with expertise in SA developed the initial list of questions, with the final questionnaire created according to a 2-round Delphi method. The resulting survey consisted of 23 items consequently divided into 4 domains: 1) Pulmonologists’ demographics and professional experiences; 2) Concerns about asthma management; 3) Attitudes toward SA diagnosis; and 4) Beliefs and attitudes regarding the use of biologics in managing SA. The given answers represented the respondents’ estimates.

Results
Eighty-four surveys were analyzed, with pulmonologists observing that general practitioners often inaccurately diagnose asthma and treat acute exacerbations. Although specialist centers are capably and correctly equipped, the time to diagnose patients with SA is approximately 3.5 months, with initial use of biologics delayed an additional 2 months. The primary indications for prescribing biologics are conventional therapy with oral glucocorticoids (91.7%) and frequent acute exacerbations (82.1%). In addition to improper diagnosis (64.3%), many patients with SA do not receive the indicated biologics owing to strict administrative directives for reimbursement (70.2%) or limited hospital resources (57.1%).

Limitations
The limitations of this survey include the subjective nature of the collected data, the relatively small sample size, and the lack of the biologic efficacy evaluation.

Conclusions
Croatian pulmonologists observed that a significant number of patients with SA who are eligible for biologics are not prescribed them, largely because of an inaccurate and/or delayed diagnosis, a delayed referral to a specialist center, highly restrictive criteria for reimbursement, and/or institutional budgetary limitations.
Evolution of anatomic pathology workload from 2011 to 2019 assessed in a regional hospital laboratory via 574,093 pathology reports
Authors: Bonert Michael , Zafar Uzma , Maung Raymond , El-Shinnawy Ihab , Kak Ipshita , Cutz Jean-Claude , Naqvi Asghar , Juergens Rosalyn A. , Finley Christian , Salama Samih , Major Pierre , Kapoor Anil 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Quantify changes in workload in relation to the anatomic pathologist workforce.

Methods
In house pathology reports for cytology and surgical specimens from a regional hospital laboratory over a nine- year period (2011–2019) were analyzed, using custom computer code. Report length for the diagnosis+microscopic+synoptic report, number of blocks, billing classification (L86x codes), billings, national workload model (L4E 2018), regional workload model (W2Q), case count, and pathologist workforce in full-time equivalents (FTEs) were quantified. Randomly selected cases (n = 1,100) were audited to assess accuracy.

Results
The study period had 574,093 pathology reports that could be analyzed. The coding accuracy was estimated at 95%. From 2011 to 2019: cases/year decreased 6% (66,056 to 61,962), blocks/year increased 20% (236,197 to 283,751), L4E workload units increased 23% (165,276 to 203,894), W2Q workload units increased 21% (149,841 to 181,321), report lines increased 19% (606,862 to 723,175), workforce increased 1% (30.42 to 30.77 FTEs), billings increased 13% ($6,766,927 to $7,677,109). W2Q in relation to L4E underweights work in practices with large specimens by up to a factor of 2x.

Conclusions
Work by L4E for large specimens is underrated by W2Q. Reporting requirements and pathology work-up have increased workload per pathology case. Work overall has increased significantly without a commensurate workforce increase. The significant practice changes in the pathology work environment should prompt local investment in the anatomic pathology workforce.
Aristotle on How Efficient Causation Works
Authors: Huismann Tyler 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article I argue that, in light of his critique of rival theories of efficient causation, there is a puzzle latent in Aristotle’s own account. According to that critique, efficient causes must explain why their effects come about when they do rather than at some other time, a feature I call temporal contrastiveness. But it is not clear how the various elements of one of Aristotle’s preferred examples of such causation, the activity of experts, can enjoy this feature. Solving the puzzle yields a novel reading of Aristotle, one according to which experts, but not their characteristic arts or skills, are efficient causes.
Ground state solutions to a class of critical Schrödinger problem
Authors: Mao Anmin , Mo Shuai 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We consider the following critical nonlocal Schrödinger problem with general nonlinearities

−

ε

2

a
+
ε
b

∫

R

3

|

∇
u

|

2

Δ

u
+
V
(
x
)
u
=
f
(
u
)
+

u

5

,

x
∈

R

3

,

u
∈

H

1

(

R

3

)
,

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\left\{\begin{array}{}
&-\left(\varepsilon^{2}a+\varepsilon b\displaystyle\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^{3}}|\nabla u|^{2}\right){\it\Delta} u+V(x)u=f(u)+u^{5}, &x \in \mathbb{R}^{3},\\
&u\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{3}), \end{array}\right.
\end{array}$$

(SKε
)

and study the existence of semiclassical ground state solutions of Nehari-Pohožaev type to (SK

ε
), where f(u) may behave like |u|
q–2
u for q ∈ (2, 4] which is seldom studied. With some decay assumption on V, we establish an existence result which improves some exiting works which only handle q ∈ (4, 6). With some monotonicity condition on V, we also get a ground state solution v̄

ε
and analysis its concentrating behaviour around global minimum x

ε
of V as ε → 0. Our results extend some related works.
Examining foreign language teaching and learning in Nepal: An ecological perspective
Authors: Poudel Prem Prasad , Baral Madan Prasad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, in Nepal, while some languages of the nation are on the verge of extinction, some foreign languages (such as Japanese, Korean, Chinese) are emerging as new attractions among the youths and adults and are widely taught in the marketplaces through the private sector initiative. Against this backdrop, in this article, we have examined the current foreign language teaching and learning situation drawing on qualitative empirical data obtained from the institutes involved in foreign language instruction in a city in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The data were collected from a survey in forty institutes, ten individual interviews and five focus group discussions. Drawing on the data, an ecological model was adopted, which focused on dynamic interaction, co-existence, and competition among languages, and findings were discussed in line with these aspects of ecological understanding. Findings revealed that learning foreign languages has been established as a conduit towards economic gains and opportunities for employment and education, which has largely been contributory towards reshaping the ecological relationship among the foreign languages in Nepal.
Colorants in printing applications
Authors: Rathschlag Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This review article is a summary of the current knowledge in the field of colorants in printing applications. Printing inks belong as well as paints, coatings, plastics, and cosmetic formulations to the most important application systems for colorants, both for pigments and dyes. Colorants have to meet increasing demands in printing applications due to the considerable number of printing methods and consequently of a large number of specific printing formulations. Crucial factors besides the specific properties of a certain printing ink are the processing method and the required quality of the final printed product. Amongst the most important printing methods are letterpress printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and digital printing. Different processing methods are used for coloring of the individual printing inks. The coloring processes need to be coordinated in accordance with the steps of the printing processes leading to the final product.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigments
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Since their industrial introduction in the 1980s, DPP pigments now constitute a highly important group of high-performance carbonyl pigments. The DPP system was first discovered by accident in 1974, and was subsequently re-investigated by Ciba Geigy who recognized its potential to provide commercial organic pigments. DPP pigments exhibit strong similarities compared with quinacridone pigments, in terms of their molecular and crystal structures and their properties, including low solubility and excellent fastness properties. X-ray crystal structural analysis has demonstrated that their technical performance is the result of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions in the crystal lattice structure. Based on a simple retrosynthetic analysis, an efficient synthetic process was developed by Ciba Geigy for their large-scale manufacture. DPP pigments currently provide orange through to reddish violet shades and have become of special importance in providing brilliant saturated red shades with the outstanding durability required for applications such as automotive paints.
HIF-1 inhibitors: differential effects of Acriflavine and Echinomycin on tumor associated CA-IX enzyme and VEGF in melanoma
Authors: Öz Bedir Beyza Ecem , Terzi Emine , Şimşek Ender , Karakuş İbrahim , Uysal Tuğba Kevser , Ercan Elif , Özensoy Güler Özen 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the effects of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 inhibitors on carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) enzyme and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in melanoma. The HIF-1 pathway induces tumor growth and metastasis by stimulating the expression of CA-IX enzyme and VEGF proteins.

Methods
We evaluated the inhibition effects of Acriflavine and Echinomycin on CA-IX enzyme and VEGF in WM115 (primary) and SKMEL30 (metastatic) cell lines in normoxic and hypoxic conditions with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The cytotoxic activity of HIF-1 inhibitors was performed by using WST-1 assay. All experiments were performed at 450 nm using Epoch™ Microplate Spectrophotometer.

Results
IC50 values were observed with a concentration of 3 μmol/L for Echinomycin and Acriflavine in the WST-1 assay. Decreased CA-IX and VEGF levels were determined in both normoxia and hypoxia after inhibitors’ treatment with WM115 and SKMEL30 cell lines (p<0.05). Inhibitory effect of HIF-1 inhibitors on CA-IX and VEGF proteins was observed in cell lines WM115 and SKMEL30.

Conclusions
Due to the importance of our study, using HIF-1 inhibitors may be an alternative treatment for melanoma. Also to design new HIF-1 inhibitor derivatives is a promising approach for further studies targeting CA-IX enzyme and VEGF.
An assessment of the relationship between peri-implant status and dental anxiety and oral health-related quality of life
Authors: ESEN Çağrı , ÜLKER Ömer , TAŞDEMİR Zekeriya 
Published: June 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between peri-implant diseases and dental anxiety and oral health-related quality of life.
Methods: In a total of 101 subjects (44 females, 57 males, mean age 56.9 ± 12.1), 325 implants were examined using modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, suppuration, and keratinized mucosa width. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the impact of oral health-related quality of life. For the purpose of assessing the dental anxiety level, Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was performed. In addition to dental implant measurements, the periodontal status of the participants' natural teeth was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) of the World Health Organization.
Results: All created groups as peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implant healthy were compatible with each other in terms of gender, age, income level, smoking status, and oral hygiene practices. However, a statistically significant correlation was found indicating that the peri-implant condition worsened as the educational status worsened (p=0.033). There was no statistically significant difference between study groups in terms of DAS, OHIP-14, and CPI. There was a significant correlation between the scores of DAS and OHIP-14 (p
Lecturas del pasado en procesos contemporáneos de reafirmación comunitaria. El caso de la Comunidad Pueblo Tolombón (Valle de Choromoro, Argentina)
Authors: Manzanelli Macarena 
Published: June 2021

Desde hace varios años, en un contexto de agravamiento de conflictos territoriales y deslegitimación por parte de las familias terratenientes y del poder judicial provincial, la Comunidad Pueblo Tolombón (provincia de Tucumán, Argentina)
ha impulsado procesos de comunalización con el fin de legitimar su origen, su posesión y su preexistencia territorial. En este artículo se analizan los vínculos con el pasado a través de actividades desarrolladas por los tolombones: los talleres de reflexión y explicitación de prácticas de sus antepasados-mayores y la búsqueda y recuperación de una Escritura Real que data del período colonial. La metodología que se utiliza para abordar el trabajo son técnicas de observación participante y entrevistas durante los años 2017-2019. Los tolombones han explorado vínculos temporales de corta duración, a través de la elaboración de memorias comunitarias, y nexos de larga duración mediante la recuperación y revalorización de materialidades arqueológicas, archivos y narrativas coloniales sobre sus antepasados-ancestros. Se concluye que la combinación de estas acciones refleja, por un lado, que la idea de “comunidad” se sustenta en evidenciar continuidades culturales entre el pasado y el presente; y por otro, habilita relecturas contra-hegemónicas a la luz de los conflictos territoriales contemporáneos.
Effect of Ca(NO3)2 coating on chemical and mechanical properties and bruise susceptibility of Golden Delicious and Red Delicious apples during storage
Authors: Jafarian M. , Emami H. , Baradaran Motie J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEffect of coating with calcium nitrate in three concentrations (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%) on chemical and mechanical properties, and impact behaviour of two apple cultivars (Golden Delicious (GD) and Red Delicious (RD)) during time (0, 2, and 4 months) was studied. Moisture content, pH, titratable acidity, °Brix, organoleptic properties, modulus of elasticity (E), yield stress, yield strain, and toughness were measured. The effect of impact loads was determined by measuring bruise volume (BV) and bruise susceptibility (BS). The results showed that pH and °Brix significantly increased, while titratable acidity, E, yield strain, toughness, and BV decreased during storage time. As Ca(NO3)2 concentration increased, titratable acidity, E, yield strain and yield stress increased and pH decreased (P < 0.05). Highest and lowest values for °Brix were observed in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 after four months (13.31) and GD treated with 0.5% Ca(NO3)2 at the first day (10.65), respectively. Maximum E was obtained in GD treated with 1.0% Ca(NO3)2 on the first day (2130 kPa) and this sample also showed the lowest BS after four months of storage (2.82 mL J−1), while the uncoated GD had the highest BS on the first day (7.11 mL J−1).
Immunological parameters for assessing the sports abilities of football players
Authors: Spassky A. A. , Myagkova M. A. , Petrochenko S. N. , Bobrova Z. V. , Orlova E. A. 
Published: June 2021

The creation of diagnostic tests to determine and monitor an athlete’s adaptation resources is a relevant task.Aim. To determine the levels of natural anti-glutamate receptor and anti-GABA antibodies in the dynamics of physical activity during training of football players. To establish the predictive role of these indicators in the objectification of adaptation.Material and methods. The experimental group involved 33 football players aged 18 to 24 years. The control group (n=33) consisted of volunteers of the same age engaged in fitness. Determination of immunological parameters was carried out by solid-phase ELISA.Results. It was found that each subject has an individual immunological profile, the parameters of which change depending on load received. The measured levels of anti-glutamate receptor and anti-GABA antibodies are consistent with the physical activity of a football player. According to the analysis results, the athletes were divided into three groups. The subjects of the first one had reliably high immunological indices and was at the peak of physical activity. Low values of the third group indicated a fatigue. The second group levels were within normal range and demonstrated resource capabilities for the load.Conclusion. The revealed immunological markers are suitable for the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the athlete’s body functional state.
Age-specific rates of population’s need for inpatient medical rehabilitation
Authors: Bantyeva M. N. , Manoshkina E. M. 
Published: June 2021

To date, the issue of population’s need for medical rehabilitation (MR) remains little studied.Aim.To determine the age-specific rates of the Russian adult population’s need for intrahospital MR.Material and methods. The paper presents the estimated age-specific need of the adult population for inpatient MR, constituting the hospitalization number per year per 10,000 population of a particular age for diseases corresponding to ICD10 codes. During the study, the adult population was divided into 6 age groups (18- 29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70 and older). Medical experts have developed indications for intrahospital MR immediately after the treatment of acute conditions, exacerbation of chronic diseases, the outcomes of injuries and surgeries. The indications were developed taking into account the disease stage and the severity of a patient’s condition. The necessary conditions for MR (in- or outpatient) have also been determined. Taking into account these indications during analyzing medical documentation, the experts concluded that further MR of inpatients is necessary. The duration of MR was also determined.Results. The largest number of inpatients in need of MR falls on the older age groups (60-69 years (874,7 per 10,000 population) and ≥70 years (1346,3 per 10,000 population)), while the smallest — on the people aged 18-29 years (106,2 per 10,000 population). This is due to the fact that in older age groups the number of diseases requiring MR is increasing, including in inpatients conditions. In other age groups, the need for intrahospital MR was as follows: 115,2 hospitalizations per 10,000 population in the 30-39 age group; 328,9 — in the 40-49 age group; 512,5 — in the 50-59 age group.Conclusion. The healthcare executive authorities in any Russian regions can estimate the age-specific population’s need for MR using the proposed calculated number of adult population hospitalizations for inpatient MR.