bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs: ecophysiology of metabolically versatile acidophiles
Authors: Schmitz Rob A , Peeters Stijn H , Versantvoort Wouter , Picone Nunzia , Pol Arjan , Jetten Mike S M , Op den Camp Huub J M 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Methanotrophs are an important group of microorganisms that counteract methane emissions to the atmosphere. Methane-oxidising bacteria of the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria have been studied for over a century, while methanotrophs of the phylum Verrucomicrobia are a more recent discovery. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs are extremophiles that live in very acidic geothermal ecosystems. Currently, more than a dozen strains have been isolated, belonging to the genera Methylacidiphilum and Methylacidimicrobium. Initially, these methanotrophs were thought to be metabolically confined. However, genomic analyses and physiological and biochemical experiments over the past years revealed that verrucomicrobial methanotrophs, as well as proteobacterial methanotrophs, are much more metabolically versatile than previously assumed. Several inorganic gases and other molecules present in acidic geothermal ecosystems can be utilised, such as methane, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, ammonium, nitrogen gas and perhaps also hydrogen sulfide. Verrucomicrobial methanotrophs could therefore represent key players in multiple volcanic nutrient cycles and in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from geothermal ecosystems. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on verrucomicrobial methanotrophs with respect to their metabolic versatility and discuss the factors that determine their diversity in their natural environment. In addition, key metabolic, morphological and ecological characteristics of verrucomicrobial and proteobacterial methanotrophs are reviewed.
Genetic and metabolic engineering challenges of C1-gas fermenting acetogenic chassis organisms
Authors: Bourgade Barbara , Minton Nigel P , Islam M Ahsanul 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTUnabated mining and utilisation of petroleum and petroleum resources and their conversion to essential fuels and chemicals have drastic environmental consequences, contributing to global warming and climate change. In addition, fossil fuels are finite resources, with a fast-approaching shortage. Accordingly, research efforts are increasingly focusing on developing sustainable alternatives for chemicals and fuels production. In this context, bioprocesses, relying on microorganisms, have gained particular interest. For example, acetogens use the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway to grow on single carbon C1-gases (CO2 and CO) as their sole carbon source and produce valuable products such as acetate or ethanol. These autotrophs can, therefore, be exploited for large-scale fermentation processes to produce industrially relevant chemicals from abundant greenhouse gases. In addition, genetic tools have recently been developed to improve these chassis organisms through synthetic biology approaches. This review will focus on the challenges of genetically and metabolically modifying acetogens. It will first discuss the physical and biochemical obstacles complicating successful DNA transfer in these organisms. Current genetic tools developed for several acetogens, crucial for strain engineering to consolidate and expand their catalogue of products, will then be described. Recent tool applications for metabolic engineering purposes to allow redirection of metabolic fluxes or production of non-native compounds will lastly be covered.
Tectonic insight and 3-D modelling of the Lusi (Java, Indonesia) mud edifice through gravity analyses
Authors: Osorio Riffo Álvaro , Mauri Guillaume , Mazzini Adriano , Miller Stephen A 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
Lusi is a sediment-hosted hydrothermal system located near Sidoarjo in Central Java, Indonesia, and has erupted continuously since May 2006. This mud eruption extends over a surface of ∼7 km2, and is framed by high containment dams. The present study investigates the geometry of the subsurface structures using a detailed gravimetric model to visualize in 3-D the Lusi system and surrounding lithologies. The obtained residual Bouguer anomaly map, simulated through geostatistical interpolation methods, supports the results of previous deformation studies. The negative gravity anomaly zones identified at Lusi are interpreted as fractured areas through which fluids can ascend towards the surface. A 3-D detailed geological model of the area was constructed with Geomodeller™ to highlight the main features. This model relies on the structures’ density contrasts, the interpreted residual Bouguer anomaly map, and geological data from previous authors. 3-D algorithms were used to calculate the gravity response of the model and validate it by inverse methods. The final output is a gravity constrained 3-D geological model of the Lusi mud edifice. These results provide essential details on the Lusi subsurface and may be useful for possible future geothermal resource exploitation and for the risk mitigation plans related to the maintenance of the man-made framing embankment.
A De Lege Ferenda Perspective on Artificial Intelligence Systems Designated as Inventors in the European Patent System
Authors: Stierle Martin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The European patent system was designed around a paradigm of human inventorship. This paper will analyse in depth and from a de lege ferenda perspective the rather general arguments against and in favour of a possible designation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems as inventors. For the sake of a more concrete discussion, it will also outline a potential reform of the European patent system to implement AI inventorship and allocate the right to the European patent for such inventions by default to the machine’s operator. In the process, it will highlight the major specific issues associated with a reform that acknowledges AI inventorship and touch upon possible alternative approaches to addressing the growing autonomy of machines within the R&D process. The study must not be understood as a call for a reform to recognise AI systems as inventors but rather as a manner of laying the foundations for a more concrete, critical and fruitful discussion on non-human inventorship and its alternatives. The analysis will show that the more general, highly conceptional reservations advanced in the current discussion against AI inventorship are somewhat unfounded, e.g. the alleged break with the functions of the current patent system or the alleged need to endow AI with legal personality. More convincing arguments against a reform that allows for the designation of AI systems as inventor might instead relate to the specific difficulties associated with such reform.
Technological regimes and catching up in the product space
Authors: Desmarchelier Benoît , Regis Paulo José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a micro-founded model of countries’ diversification trajectories in the product space. We argue that the type of technological regime under which countries operate conditions their export performance and diversification trajectories. In particular, repeated simulations show that countries with firms operating under an entrepreneurial regime expand their export basket faster when most other countries are characterized by a routinized regime. Simulations also show that catching-up trajectories in the product space are less likely when all countries operate under the same technological regime.
The State of Microbiome Science at the Intersection of Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Ranallo Ryan T , McDonald L Clifford , Halpin Alison Laufer , Hiltke Thomas , Young Vincent B 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlong with the rise in modern chronic diseases, ranging from diabetes to asthma, there are challenges posed by increasing antibiotic resistance, which results in difficult-to-treat infections, as well as sepsis. An emerging and unifying theme in the pathogenesis of these diverse public health threats is changes in the microbial communities that inhabit multiple body sites. Although there is great promise in exploring the role of these microbial communities in chronic disease pathogenesis, the shorter timeframe of most infectious disease pathogenesis may allow early translation of our basic scientific understanding of microbial ecology and host-microbiota-pathogen interactions. Likely translation avenues include development of preventive strategies, diagnostics, and therapeutics. For example, as basic research related to microbial pathogenesis continues to progress, Clostridioides difficile infection is already being addressed clinically through at least 2 of these 3 avenues: targeted antibiotic stewardship and treatment of recurrent disease through fecal microbiota transplantation.
Characterizing physician EHR use with vendor derived data: a feasibility study and cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Melnick Edward R , Ong Shawn Y , Fong Allan , Socrates Vimig , Ratwani Raj M , Nath Bidisha , Simonov Michael , Salgia Anup , Williams Brian , Marchalik Daniel , Goldstein Richard , Sinsky Christine A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
To derive 7 proposed core electronic health record (EHR) use metrics across 2 healthcare systems with different EHR vendor product installations and examine factors associated with EHR time.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of ambulatory physicians EHR use across the Yale-New Haven and MedStar Health systems was performed for August 2019 using 7 proposed core EHR use metrics normalized to 8 hours of patient scheduled time.

Results
Five out of 7 proposed metrics could be measured in a population of nonteaching, exclusively ambulatory physicians. Among 573 physicians (Yale-New Haven N = 290, MedStar N = 283) in the analysis, median EHR-Time8 was 5.23 hours. Gender, additional clinical hours scheduled, and certain medical specialties were associated with EHR-Time8 after adjusting for age and health system on multivariable analysis. For every 8 hours of scheduled patient time, the model predicted these differences in EHR time (P &lt; .001, unless otherwise indicated): female physicians +0.58 hours; each additional clinical hour scheduled per month −0.01 hours; practicing cardiology −1.30 hours; medical subspecialties −0.89 hours (except gastroenterology, P = .002); neurology/psychiatry −2.60 hours; obstetrics/gynecology −1.88 hours; pediatrics −1.05 hours (P = .001); sports/physical medicine and rehabilitation −3.25 hours; and surgical specialties −3.65 hours.

Conclusions
For every 8 hours of scheduled patient time, ambulatory physicians spend more than 5 hours on the EHR. Physician gender, specialty, and number of clinical hours practicing are associated with differences in EHR time. While audit logs remain a powerful tool for understanding physician EHR use, additional transparency, granularity, and standardization of vendor-derived EHR use data definitions are still necessary to standardize EHR use measurement.
Explanatory Model of the Relationships Between Self-Efficacy and Personal Learning Environments in Immigrant Minors Without a Legal Guardian
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Asunción , Tomé-Fernández María , García-Garnica Marina , Olmedo-Moreno Eva Mª 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study addresses the need to analyse the personal learning environments and self-efficacy of unaccompanied foreign minors. In addition, it seeks to identify existing relationships between these two parameters and establish an explanatory model which can help to understand the present situation of this collective regarding their inclusion in the educational sphere of society. A total of 292 unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM) aged between 8 and 17 years participated in this comparative and cross-sectional research study. A questionnaire to measure PLE and social integration in UFM, and the student’s self-efficacy scale (ACAES) was administered. From the results, it is observed that once UFM pass the 9-month period, improvements are seen in their academic planning and management, In addition to an improved use of educational resources. They showing positive effort and being self-efficacious in their academic performance. Nonetheless, communication and social interaction declines considerably. The model established a strong relationship between self-efficacy and PLE.
Refugee Solidarity Along the Balkan Route
Authors: Cantat Céline 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In 2015, the mass mobilities of refugees, many from Syria, towards Western Europe, were presented as a crisis threatening the integrity of nation-states. Whilst governments along the so-called ‘Balkan route’ increasingly responded with exclusionary measures, large-scale solidarity movements emerged and played a key role in assisting refugees in their journeys and settlement. All along the route, activists and volunteers (sometimes in loose collaboration with official relief organizations) established solidarity communities that tasked themselves with assisting people on the move. Their activities have been underpinned by discourses of solidarity and hospitality reflecting deep-seated popular beliefs about displacement, sanctuary and refuge—alternative narratives of what is today called asylum. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with solidarity and refugee groups in Greece, Serbia and Hungary, I examine the practices and discourses of refugees and those mobilized to support them along the ‘Balkan route’.
Using the BDFX40 Automated Continuous Blood Culture System to Isolate and RecoverStreptobacillus moniliformisin the Presence of 0.05% SPS: A 55-Year, 56-Strain Retrospective Study
Authors: Szewc Adam M , Bell Melissa E , Kelly Aubree J , Humrighouse Ben W , McQuiston John R 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRat bite fever and Haverhill fever are often difficult to diagnose in a clinical setting. This difficulty results in part from clinicians and laboratory professionals not being able to reliably recover the causative agent Streptobacillus moniliformis using culture-based methods. After utilizing an automated continuous-monitoring blood culture bottle system, we showed that the organism can be reliably cultured when a blood volume inoculum of 10 mL is used. Further, we showed that when the above recommendation is followed, sodium polyanethole sulfonate (up to a concentration of 0.05% w/v) in commercially purchased blood culture bottle formulations seems to be inactivated, allowing for the growth and detection of S. moniliformis. Herein, we offer data and methods used to overcome these clinical limitations. This is a comprehensive study of the historical collection of S. moniliformis isolates maintained by our facility and believed to be the largest of its kind to date.
Inferring the properties of the sources of reionization using the morphological spectra of the ionized regions
Authors: Gazagnes Simon , Koopmans Léon V E , Wilkinson Michael H F 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
High-redshift 21-cm observations will provide crucial insights into the physical processes of the Epoch of Reionization. Next-generation interferometers such as the Square Kilometer Array will have enough sensitivity to directly image the 21-cm fluctuations and trace the evolution of the ionizing fronts. In this work, we develop an inferential approach to recover the sources and IGM properties of the process of reionization using the number and, in particular, the morphological pattern spectra of the ionized regions extracted from realistic mock observations. To do so, we extend the Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis tool 21cmmc by including these 21-cm tomographic statistics and compare this method to only using the power spectrum. We demonstrate that the evolution of the number-count and morphology of the ionized regions as a function of redshift provides independent information to disentangle multiple reionization scenarios because it probes the average ionizing budget per baryon. Although less precise, we find that constraints inferred using 21-cm tomographic statistics are more robust to the presence of contaminants such as foreground residuals. This work highlights that combining power spectrum and tomographic analyses more accurately recovers the astrophysics of reionization.
Polydisperse streaming instability – II. Methods for solving the linear stability problem
Authors: Paardekooper Sijme-Jan , McNally Colin P , Lovascio Francesco 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Occurring in protoplanetary discs composed of dust and gas, streaming instabilities are a favoured mechanism to drive the formation of planetesimals. The polydispserse streaming instability is a generalization of the streaming instability to a continuum of dust sizes. This second paper in the series provides a more in-depth derivation of the governing equations and presents novel numerical methods for solving the associated linear stability problem. In addition to the direct discretization of the eigenproblem at second order introduced in the previous paper, a new technique based on numerically reducing the system of integral equations to a complex polynomial combined with root finding is found to yield accurate results at much lower computational cost. A related method for counting roots of the dispersion relation inside a contour without locating those roots is also demonstrated. Applications of these methods show they can reproduce and exceed the accuracy of previous results in the literature, and new benchmark results are provided. Implementations of the methods described are made available in an accompanying python package psitools.
Introduction: Rethinking Career Development
Authors: McCash Phil , Hooley Tristram , Robertson Peter J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to The Oxford Handbook of Career Development and to the field of career development. The origins of the field are discussed in relation to vocational guidance, differential psychology, interactionist sociology, and life course development. The selection of the term career development for this volume is explained with regard to three interlocking themes: the broader contexts of career development, including government policy; the wide range of theory concerned with career-related experiences, phenomena, and behaviour; and the broad spectrum of career helping practices, including one-to-one work and group work. The inspiration and aims for the volume are set out, and the challenges associated with terminology in the field are acknowledged. The editors seek to provide a state-of-the-art reference point for the field of career development, and engender a transdisciplinary and international dialogue that explores key current ideas, debates, and controversies. The volume is divided into three sections. The first explores the economic, educational, and public policy contexts for practice. The second section focuses on concepts and explores the rich theoretical landscape of the field. The third section turns to practice, and the translation of ideas into action to support individuals and groups with their career development.
Peaceful Change after the World Wars
Authors: Kristensen Peter Marcus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This chapter traces the travelogue—and marginalization in particular—of peaceful change in International Relations (IR) after the world wars. It argues that its marginalization is explained not (only) by its intellectual merits but also by political, institutional, and material changes that were unfavorable to the peaceful change agenda. The first section outlines how the changing geopolitical context, bipolarity and nuclear weapons, meant that the overarching concern of great powers was to stabilize and consolidate, not change, the order. The second section argues that the conflation of peaceful change with an appeasement policy and the 1938 Munich Agreement contributed to political and intellectual stigma in the postwar era. The third section argues that decolonization changed the articulation of the problem: where interwar articulations were primarily concerned with peaceful change through colonial redistribution, in effect to maintain European peace and supremacy, some postwar articulations used it in the anticolonial struggle to argue for revision of the imperial and colonial legacies of international law. The fourth section turns toward institutional changes, pointing to the demise of the interdisciplinary International Studies Conference (ISC) along with the postwar disciplinarization of IR within political science, which excluded much of the international law discourse that had earlier informed peaceful change. The fifth section argues that intellectual developments, notably the postwar stigma on interwar IR as “idealist,” contributed to the marginalization of some versions of peaceful change, while realist and neorealist versions survived. The final two sections trace two such ostensibly “idealist” lineages: peaceful change in international law and in (neo)functionalist IR.
Egyptian Conquest and Administration of Nubia
Authors: Valbelle Dominique 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAfter the Second Intermediate Period (1730–1552 bce), the reconquest of Lower Nubia and the conquest of Upper Nubia by the Egyptian army happened in several phases during the New Kingdom, the powerful realm of Kush being supported by large African coalitions. Since the reign of Thutmose III (1458–1426 bce), the country being at last pacified, an administrative disposal was improved to exploit the resources of Nubia, whose knowledge increased until the death of Sety I. Rameses II (1279–1214 bce) was mostly interested in Lower Egypt where he built several temples devoted to the cult of his own sacred image but apparently less in Upper Nubia. After his reign, the interest of Egypt for the Nubian territories decreased along with its political and economic supremacy.
Jebel Barkal
Authors: Kendall Timothy , Mohamed El-Hassan Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractJebel (“Mt”) Barkal stood at the center of ancient Napata, the city farthest up the Nile from Thebes in Egypt’s Nubian empire. Following their conquest of Kush, the Egyptians identified this hill as a residence of a primeval aspect (“ka”) of Amun of Karnak, whom they depicted locally as a ram-headed man but who is revealed here to be a form of Kamutef. Once perceived as a creation site and a birthplace of Amun (being nearest the Nile sources), Jebel Barkal naturally came to be understood as the birthplace of the “royal ka.” This “discovery” apparently prompted the pharaohs to build Luxor Temple at Thebes as a ritual substitute for Amun’s temple at Napata, enabling the kings to house the Nubian god (their imagined “father”) in their capital and to reunite locally with him and with their “royal kas.” The Egyptian belief that their kingship sprang from “Amun of Karnak” at Jebel Barkal/Luxor was revived in the 8th century bce by the kings of Kush, who used it to claim Egyptian kingship for themselves during the 25th Dynasty and subsequently. This paper summarizes what is currently known of Jebel Barkal’s historical and religious significance and presents the results of the latest archaeological investigations.