bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las misteriosas /r/ de los adverbios en -mentedel español medieval
Authors: Company Company Concepción 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze the affix ‑m(i)entreof modal adverbs in Medieval Spanish, e.g.fuertemientre. The hypothesis is that the non-etymological, epentheticrmay be analyzed from a phonological perspective only, without grammatical or lexical explanations. The paper first reviews the three traditional explanations for the non-etymologicalrin modal adverbs, especially the analogical one, which poses that therof these adverbs is an analogy from the etymologicalrof the temporal adverbm(i)entre. The paper shows the weakness of these traditional analyses. The paper then presents an alternative analysis on phonological basis, which has greater parsimony than traditional explanations, adding typological evidence outside the grammatical field of modal adverbs, and showing that a non-etymologicalrappeared in many Spanish words, and in other Romance languages, in the same phonetic and syllabic contexts as the modal affix ‑m(i)entre. Finally, the paper proposes three causes for the loss of modal ‑m(i)entre: the weakening of intra-paradigmatic support from modal ‑miente, a homonymic clash between modal ‑m(i)entreand temporalm(i)entre, and the generalization of the learned form ‑mente. The paper places the diachronic loss of the modal affix withrin a theoretical frame of multicausality.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: DIAGNÓSTICO DOS PROJETOS DESENVOLVIDOS NAS ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS DE CURITIBA, PR
Authors: Ho Tatiane Lima 
Published: September 2021

A educação ambiental no ensino formal pode contribuir na mudança de valores e postura em relação a natureza, mudanças sociais e aspectos relacionados a vida dos estudantes como um todo. Projetos de educação ambiental estimulam a interdisciplinaridade e auxilia na sensibilização nos temas ambientais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os projetos de educação ambiental nas escolas municipais de Curitiba, PR. Foram entrevistadas 35 escolas, divididas em escolas municipais com educação integral, com as séries iniciais e finais. Foram aplicados questionários com questões de múltipla escolha sobre os projetos de educação ambiental. Constatou-se que os projetos estão associados ao projeto político pedagógico e as disciplinas do currículo, sendo que a formulação é de iniciativa dos professores e o desenvolvimento conta com os diversos atores da escola. O principal tema abordado foi a água. Conclui-se que os projetos estão alinhados com os conteúdos escolares, além da interação com diversos atores, especialmente os estudantes, que melhoram sensivelmente o interesse nas atividades.
A PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS (COVID-19): considerações sobre o neoliberalismo e o estado de bem-estar social nas ações governamentais
Authors: De Pádua Cavalcanti Bastos Marcus Alexandre , Tenório Cavalcanti Eliane Cristina , Da Silva Elisabeth Almenara , Bastos Nathan Da Costa Cavalcanti 
Published: September 2021

A crise gerada pelo novo coronavírus traz preocupações cada vez maiores entre as nações de todos os continentes e já altera profundamente as relações políticas e econômicas em escala global. Os impactos causados pela pandemia do coronavírus têm feito com que os países revejam as suas políticas publicas e levantem questionamentos sobre o sistema capitalista enquanto sistema social predominante. Há um reposicionamento de alguns Estados no sentido de adotar um modelo social, político e econômico que garanta a todos os cidadãos padrões mínimos de saúde e seguridade social. Destarte, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apontar a importância do Estado de Bem-estar Social, seus benefícios em relação às políticas públicas, como é o caso do serviço de saúde pública. Nesse artigo, partimos do pressuposto de que a pandemia gerada pelo coronavírus expõe a fragilidade do modelo neoliberal brasileiro na contenção da crise, uma vez que esse modelo preconiza uma drástica redução do papel do estado na economia favorecendo o setor privado. Com o objetivo de abrir caminho para uma reflexão acerca desta problemática tomaremos como base o materialismo dialético que propõe busca pela explicação dos fenômenos da realidade a partir de condições estritamente concretas. O artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa.
Identification of proAKAP4 concentration variations in dromedary sperm and their correlation with monthly semen parameters
Authors: Malo Clara , Carracedo Sara , Delehedde Maryse , Sergeant Nicolas , Skidmore Julian Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

ProAKAP4 is synthetized as a precursor polypeptide that must be converted into mature AKAP4 in living spermatozoa and is considered as a functional marker of spermatozoa. The gene is well-conserved in mammals although uncharacterized in Camelidae. In the present study, we investigate the expression metabolism of proAKAP4 and AKAP4 proteins and evaluate their seasonal dynamics relative to semen quality in dromedary camels. Semen parameters including volume and viscosity and characteristics of sperm including concentration, total production, total and progressive motility, vitality, acrosome integrity and morphological abnormalities were assessed in semen samples collected weekly from six camels during the rutting season, from November to April. Only total sperm production varied, peaking in January. Both the precursor proAKAP4 and AKAP4 proteins were investigated and shown to express biochemical properties similar to those described in other mammals. ProAKAP4 concentrations expressed in ng/10 million spermatozoa as assayed using a specific ELISA showed a strong positive correlation with ejaculate volume (P = 0.045), viscosity (P < 0.001) and sperm total motility (P = 0.049). Furthermore, their concentrations exhibited clear seasonal variations in camel semen. In conclusion, the assessment of proAKAP4 concentrations in camel sperm provides a novel parameter to assess sperm quality. Further studies should be performed to investigate proAKAP4 concentrations relative to fertility in Camelidae that may help to define the right time for mating and semen collection and increase the success of breeding programs.

Lay summary
Breeding related to the seasons/time of year in the camel has been reported in several studies. A better knowledge of semen quality during the breeding season would assist in determining the best period for mating in camels. However, conventional sperm parameters are held to be unsatisfactory because they cannot predict breeding potential. ProAKAP4 a sperm-specific protein has been described as a functional marker of sperm and a key fertility marker in several species but has not been described in camels. Motility or membrane integrity parameters of semen collected throughout the breeding season and also the presence of proAKAP4 protein were investigated. ProAKAP4 was identified for the first time in camels and their concentrations exhibited clear seasonal variations in camel semen showing strong correlations with ejaculate volume and total motility and viscosity. Further studies should be performed to investigate proAKAP4 concentrations relative to fertility in camels to define the right time for mating and increase the success of breeding programs.
An empirical study of affective and cognitive functions in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder
Authors: Draps Małgorzata , Sescousse Guillaume , Wilk Mateusz , Obarska Katarzyna , Szumska Izabela , Żukrowska Weronika , Majkowska Aleksandra , Kowalewska Ewelina , Szymanowska Julia , Hamerska Urszula , Trybuś Magda , Golec Karolina , Adamska Iwona , Szymczak Karol , Gola Mateusz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and aims
Despite the inclusion of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the International Classification of Diseases, very little is known about the underlying affective and cognitive processes. To fill this gap, we compared CSBD subjects and Healthy-Controls (HC) across negative/positive valence, cognitive and sensorimotor systems, as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria framework.

Methods
74 heterosexual CSBD and 66 matched HC males were studied with 10 questionnaires and 8 behavioral tasks. Analyses were conducted with frequent and Bayesian statistics.

Results
CSBD individuals showed significantly higher (than HC) punishment sensitivity, anxiety, depression, compulsivity, and impulsivity symptoms. Frequentist statistical analysis revealed significant interaction between subject group and condition in Incentive Delay Task, concerning the strength of motivation and hedonic value of erotic rewards. Bayesian analysis produced evidence for the absence of group differences in Facial Discrimination Task, Risk-Ambiguity Task, and Learning Task. Also, Bayesian methods provided evidence for group differences in the Emotional Stroop Task and the Incentive Delay Task. Sexual Discounting Task, Attentional Network Task, and Stop Signal Task produced mixed results.

Conclusions
Higher punishment sensitivity and impulsivity among CSBD subjects, along with significant interaction between these groups and erotic vs. non-erotic reward processing is in line with previous findings on negative/positive valence alterations in CSBD patients. This result shows that there are similarities to substance and behavioral addictions. The absence of group differences and mixed results related to cognitive and sensorimotor systems raise concerns to what extent CSBD resembles a wide spectrum of impairments observed in disorders, and demand further research.
Ecology of a Two-barred Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) irruption to Norway in 2019–20: altitudinal migration and interspecific habitat differences
Authors: Dale Svein 
Published: September 2021

Cover photo: A male Two-barred Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera). Photo: Frode Falkenberg.

Two-barred Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera) have cyclic irruptions to Norway, but are generally uncommon and breeding is rare. Here I analyse data on a large irruption occurring in 2019–20 to assess the magnitude of the irruption and the ecological niche of the species. The irruption lasted one year, starting in July 2019 and ending in June 2020. Total numbers reported by birdwatchers to the website of the National Biodiversity Information Centre in Norway were ca. 7,000 individuals. Breeding indications were reported from nearly 100 sites. Analyses of elevation of records indicated that birds were often seen at low elevations before the breeding season in February–June, but moved to higher elevations during the breeding season. In a focal study area in SE Norway, breeding season surveys along elevational gradients indicated that Two-barred Crossbills occurred at higher elevations, and often close to summits of hills, perhaps representing preferences for more open forest habitats. Two-barred Crossbills often co-occurred with other seed-eating bird species, but presence was more closely related to numbers of Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea), than to Eurasian Siskin (Spinus spinus) or cogeneric Common Crossbill (L. curvirostra). Similarly, the Common Redpoll also increased strongly in abundance with elevation, whereas the other two species did so to a lesser degree. These data suggest that the Two-barred Crossbill favors montane forests during the breeding season, and thereby has a different niche than the Common Crossbill which is distributed more widely across all elevations.
GROUND-BREAKING JUDGMENT AS COURT CLARIFIES THE PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS IN SECTION 129 OF THE COMPANIES ACT 71 OF 2008 Panamo Properties v Nel NNO 2015 (5) SA 63 (SCA)
Authors: Darren Subramanien  
Published: September 2021

The judgment of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in Panamo Properties v Nel NNO (2015 (5) SA 63 (SCA)) is important because it clarifies certain controversial provisions of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 regarding the interpretation and application of section 129(1) of the Act, and the non-compliance by a company with the further requirements of sections 129(3) and (4), as well as the effect of section 129(5). In a number of cases in the various divisions of the High Court, it has been held that, where a company is placed in business rescue pursuant to a resolution of its board of directors, but thereafter fails to comply with the procedural requirements of section 129, the effect is to cause the business-rescue proceedings to terminate. The reason for this was said to flow from the provisions of section 129(5), which provide that non-compliance with procedural formality, in terms of sections 129(3) and (4), results in the resolution placing the company under business rescue lapsing and becoming a nullity. The SCA held that non-compliance does not automatically result in the business rescue being terminated. Non-compliance is a ground for applying to court to set aside the resolution in terms of section 130(1)(a)(iii). But such resolution will be set aside only if it is otherwise just and equitable to do so, in terms of section 130(5), and the business rescue terminates in terms of section 132(2)(a)(i) once an order setting aside the resolution has been granted.
Elementary solutions to Lamb's problem for a point source and their relevance to three-dimensional studies of spontaneous crack propagation
Authors: Richards Paul G. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Certain exact solutions to Lamb's problem (the transient response of an elastic half-space to a force applied at a point) involve the computation merely of three square roots, and about ten arithmetic operations (+, −, ×, /). They arise when both source and receiver lie on the free surface. It is just these solutions which are needed in a method due to Hamano for obtaining the slip function (displacement discontinuity), as a function of space and time, for planar tension cracks and shear cracks which grow spontaneously with arbitrary shape. The solutions are described here in detail, for an elastic medium with general Poisson's ratio. They include perhaps the simplest-possible example of the P-wave.
The Fort Ross earthquake sequence, March and April, 1978
Authors: Stickney Michael C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
On March 31, 1978, an earthquake of coda magnitude 3.3 (ML = 3.7 BRK) occurred 5 km off the coast of northern California near Fort Ross. A single foreshock preceded the earthquake and approximately 60 aftershocks followed. Locations based on P- and S-wave arrival times indicate that the earthquakes occurred offshore, west of the San Andreas fault in the vicinity of a fault that is visible on acoustic reflection profiles. All earthquakes had hypocentral depths less than 8 km. A fault-plane solution from P-wave first motions suggests that the focal mechanism of the main shock consisted of nearly equal components of dextral and vertical movement on a plane striking northwest. Other events in this sequence had first-motion patterns strikingly different than the main shock, indicating that more than one type of faulting occurred during the sequence. Seismic moments computed for three aftershocks ranged from 3.8 × 1019 to 1.1 × 1019 dyne-cm.
Frequency-magnitude-time relationships in the NGSDC earthquake data file
Authors: Bloom E. D. , Erdmann R. C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
In performing a statistical analysis of the NGSDC data base, we have found completeness problems in time and magnitude which can affect the accurate determination of derivative frequency-magnitude relations. Techniques are suggested which may circumvent most inaccuracies. In particular, the choice of event magnitude is important in minimizing distortion in frequency-magnitude relations. A new working magnitude, M3, is suggested as useful for the NGSDC data base, where
M 3 = [ M S , if it is present Max ( m b , M L , M u ) , m b &lt; 6 , M S is not present Max [ ( 2 . 0 m b − 5.4 ) , M L , M u ] , m b ≧ 6 , M S is not present .
After correcting for time bias the use of M3 reduces distortion of frequency-magnitude distributions derived from the NGSDC data base as compared to previous magnitude definitions used.
Racial Disparities of E-Cigarette Use Among US Youths: 2014‒2019
Authors: Dai Hongying , Ramos Athena K. , Faseru Babalola , Hill Jennie L. , Sussman Steven Y. 
Published: September 2021

Objectives To evaluate disparities in youth e-cigarette use patterns and flavor use by race/ethnicity over time. Methods We used data from the US 2014–2019 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine trends in dual use (co-use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes or other tobacco products), occasional (≤ 5 days) versus frequent use (≥ 20 days) in the past 30 days, and flavor use among current (past-30-day) e-cigarette users (n = 13 178) across racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic others). Results Among current e-cigarette users, dual use and occasional use decreased significantly from 2014 to 2019 across racial and ethnic groups except for non-Hispanic Blacks; frequent use and flavored e-cigarette use increased among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Hispanic others but not among non-Hispanic Blacks. In 2019, non-Hispanic Black e-cigarette users were more likely to report dual use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 3.2; P < .001) and occasional use of e-cigarettes (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.3, 5.9; P < .001) but less likely to report frequent use (AOR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.4; P < .001) and flavored e-cigarette use (AOR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.3, 0.5; P < .001) than their White peers. Conclusions Youth e-cigarette use patterns differed considerably across racial/ethnic groups, and tailored strategies to address disparities in e-cigarette use are needed. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(11):2050–2058. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306448 )
Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Guatemala
Authors: Martinez-Folgar Kevin , Alburez-Gutierrez Diego , Paniagua-Avila Alejandra , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Bilal Usama 
Published: September 2021

Objectives. To describe excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala during 2020 by week, age, sex, and place of death. Methods. We used mortality data from 2015 to 2020, gathered through the vital registration system of Guatemala. We calculated weekly mortality rates, overall and stratified by age, sex, and place of death. We fitted a generalized additive model to calculate excess deaths, adjusting for seasonality and secular trends and compared excess deaths to the official COVID-19 mortality count. Results. We found an initial decline of 26% in mortality rates during the first weeks of the pandemic in 2020, compared with 2015 to 2019. These declines were sustained through October 2020 for the population younger than 20 years and for deaths in public spaces and returned to normal from July onward in the population aged 20 to 39 years. We found a peak of 73% excess mortality in mid-July, especially in the population aged 40 years or older. We estimated a total of 8036 excess deaths (95% confidence interval = 7935, 8137) in 2020, 46% higher than the official COVID-19 mortality count. Conclusions. The extent of this health crisis is underestimated when COVID-19 confirmed death counts are used. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10): 1839–1846. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306452 )
Guest Editorial: Building Trust in Additive Manufacturing, Layer by Layer
Authors: Le Gallo Brice , Kandukuri Sastry Yagnanna 
Published: September 2021

Nearly three-quarters (71%) of senior oil and gas professionals have sharpened their focus on digitalization over the past year, according to a 2021 survey by DNV (DNV Outlook). The pandemic has not only increased attention on how digital solutions can make organizations more adaptable and cost efficient, it has also forced companies to discard the normal rules and become more open to change.
While data collaboration, cloud-based applications, and remote surveillance top the investment priorities for the year ahead, a growing number of respondents (7%) see additive manufacturing (AM)—the industry equivalent of 3D printing—on their spending list.
As an emerging technology, AM uses 3D model data to fabricate parts, enabling, among other benefits, significant cost and time savings in contrast to many traditional manufacturing methods, where the final parts are machined out of a pre-made form. Its purpose is to alleviate and avoid long, expensive production shutdowns and reduce supply chain carbon footprints.
Building trust in “printed” parts is key to unlocking this potential.
Rapid, Reliable Reproduction The global AM market is expected to reach $350 billion by 2035 (DailyAlts 2021). The technology also has the potential to be enhanced by—or in the other direction, augment—other digital solutions, given it is based on a 3D file. Though accelerating at a slower rate compared to the aerospace and automotive industries, there is increased pressure to shorten the development cycle of components for the oil, gas, and renewables sectors and perform rapid proto-typing and testing of new, more sustain-able concepts.
New business models will be developed and a new way of thinking adopted by design engineers to fully utilize its potential (DNV Technology Outlook 2030). To support the digital transformation of the energy industry, DNV, which has been actively investigating the potential of AM since 2014, has unveiled a new service specification document to ensure AM products, assets, and systems are safe, economical, and efficient.
DNVGL-SE-0568 “Qualification of Additive Manufacturing Service Providers, Manufacturers, and Parts,” is part of a portfolio of six different AM-related standards and recommended practices (Fig. 1).
Production Logging, Openhole-Log Interpretation Help Discover New Oil Reserves
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30644, “Discovery of New Oil Reserves by Combining Production Logging With Openhole-Log Interpretation in Low-Resistivity Pay,” by Xinlei Shi, Peichun Wang, and Jinxiu Xu, CNOOC, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
In this paper, the authors examine the evaluation of a low-resistivity-pay siliciclastic reservoir in Bohai Bay, China. A significant amount of irreducible water is bound to the rock surface, dramatically lowering the resistivity of the pay zone. The authors explore a theory that the low resistivity is caused by bound water trapped in clay minerals, using production logging to provide the ground truth of reservoir fluids in the low-resistivity pay and improve the petrophysics model. With the improved model, production predictions were made for offset wells based on their openhole logs. The production histories of these wells are highly consistent with the authors’ predictions.

Introduction
LD oil field is in the eastern Bohai Sea, China, structurally in the transition zone between the Liaohe depression of the Tanlu fault and the Bozhong depression and at the dip end of the Bodong low uplift extending to the northeast. The main oil reservoirs are developed in the Guantao and Dongying formations. Reservoir depth ranges from approximately 1022.1 to 2585.8 m. Reservoir lithology is mainly sandstone and gravelly sandstone. The porosity distribution range of the Guantao formation is 24 to 30%. Permeability distribution range is 333 to 3333 md belonging to medium-high-porosity and - permeability reservoirs. The porosity distribution range of the Dongying formation is from 6 to 12%, and the permeability distribution range is from 3 to 33 md belonging to medium-low- porosity and -permeability reservoirs.