bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish as a model in social neuroscience: conservation and diversity in the social brain network
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Pfaff Donald W. , Parhar Ishwar S. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in the actual behaviour patterns amongst nearly 30000 fish species. The huge variation found in socio‐sexual behaviours and strategies is likely generated by a morphologically and genetically well‐conserved small forebrain system. Hence, teleost fish provide a useful model to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying social brain functions. Herein we review the foundations underlying fish social behaviours including sensory, hormonal, molecular and neuroanatomical features. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons clearly play important roles, but the participation of vasotocin and isotocin is also highlighted. Genetic investigations of developing fish brain have revealed the molecular complexity of neural development of the SBN. In addition to straightforward social behaviours such as sex and aggression, new experiments have revealed higher order and unique phenomena such as social eavesdropping and social buffering in fish. Finally, observations interpreted as ‘collective cognition’ in fish can likely be explained by careful observation of sensory determinants and analyses using the dynamics of quantitative scaling. Understanding of the functions of the SBN in fish provide clues for understanding the origin and evolution of higher social functions in vertebrates.
Identification of circular RNAs as novel biomarkers and potentially functional competing endogenous RNA network for myelodysplastic syndrome patients
Authors: Wu Wan‐ling , Li Shuang , Zhao Guang‐jie , Li Nian‐yi , Wang Xiao‐Qin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to exert vital biological functions and can be used as new biomarkers in a number of tumors. However, little is known about the functions of circRNAs in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here, we aimed to investigate circRNA expression profiles and to investigate the functional and clinical value of circRNAs in MDS. Differential expression of circRNAs between MDS and control subjects was analyzed using circRNA arrays, in which we identified 145 upregulated circRNAs and 224 downregulated circRNAs. Validated by real‐time quantitative PCR between 100 MDS patients and 20 controls, three upregulated (hsa_circRNA_100352, hsa_circRNA_104056, and hsa_circRNA_104634) and three downregulated (hsa_circRNA_103846, hsa_circRNA_102817, and hsa_circRNA_102526) circRNAs matched the arrays. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of these circRNAs showed that the area under the curve was 0.7266, 0.8676, 0.7349, 0.7091, 0.8806, and 0.7472, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that only hsa_circRNA_100352, hsa_circRNA_104056, and hsa_circRNA_102817 were significantly associated with overall survival. Furthermore, we generated a competing endogenous RNA network focused on hsa_circRNA_100352, hsa_circRNA_104056, and hsa_circRNA_102817. Analyses using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that the three circRNAs were linked with some important cancer‐related functions and pathways.
Gingival transcriptomics of follicular T cell footprints in progressing periodontitis
Authors: Ebersole J L , Kirakodu S S , Orraca L , Gonzalez Martinez J , Gonzalez O A 
Published: February 2021

Summary
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) cells have been identified in the circulation and in tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic inflammation. Gingival tissues with periodontitis reflect chronic inflammation, so genomic footprints of Tfh cells should occur in these tissues and may differ related to aging effects. Macaca mulatta were used in a ligature-induced periodontitis model [adult group (aged 12–23 years); young group (aged 3–7 years)]. Gingival tissue and subgingival microbiome samples were obtained at matched healthy ligature-induced disease and clinical resolution sites. Microarray analysis examined Tfh genes (n = 54) related to microbiome characteristics documented using 16S MiSeq. An increase in the major transcription factor of Tfh cells, BCL6, was found with disease in both adult and young animals, while master transcription markers of other T cell subsets were either decreased or showed minimal change. Multiple Tfh-related genes, including surface receptors and transcription factors, were also significantly increased during disease. Specific microbiome patterns were significantly associated with profiles indicative of an increased presence/function of Tfh cells. Importantly, unique microbial complexes showed distinctive patterns of interaction with Tfh genes differing in health and disease and with the age of the animals. An increase in Tfh cell responsiveness occurred in the progression of periodontitis, affected by age and related to specific microbial complexes in the oral microbiome. The capacity of gingival Tfh cells to contribute to localized B cell activation and active antibody responses, including affinity maturation, may be critical for controlling periodontal lesions and contributing to limiting and/or resolving the lesions.
Alveolar ridge preservation using autogenous whole‐tooth versus demineralized dentin grafts: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Elfana Ahmed , El‐Kholy Samar , Saleh Heba Ahmed , Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the radiographic changes and histologic healing following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) using autogenous whole tooth (AWTG), test group, versus autogenous demineralized dentin graft (ADDG), control group.Material and methodsTwenty non‐molar teeth indicated for extraction were randomized into two groups (n = 10/group). Extracted teeth were prepared into AWTG or ADDG (0.6N HCl; 30 min), inserted into extraction sockets and covered by collagen membranes. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans at baseline and six months were compared to assess ridge‐dimensional changes. At six months, bone biopsies of engrafted sites were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically.ResultsAll sites healed uneventfully. Reduction was 0.85 ± 0.38 mm and 1.02 ± 0.45 mm in ridge width, 0.61 ± 0.20 mm and 0.72 ± 0.27 mm in buccal and 0.66 ± 0.31 mm and 0.56 ± 0.24 mm in lingual ridge height for the AWTG and ADDG group, respectively (p > .05). Histologically, no inflammatory reactions were noticeable and all samples showed new bone formation. Qualitatively, graft‐bone amalgamations were more pronounced in ADDG samples. Histomorphometrically, new bone, graft remnants and soft tissue occupied 37.55% ± 8.94%, 17.05% ± 5.58% and 45.4% ± 4.06% of the areas in the AWTG group and 48.4% ± 11.56%, 11.45% ± 4.13% and 40.15% ± 7.73% in the ADDG group of the examined areas, respectively (p > .05).ConclusionsAWTG and ADDG are similarly effective in ARP. Yet, histologically ADDG seems to demonstrate better graft remodeling, integration and osteoinductive properties.
Small marine reserves do not provide a safeguard against overfishing
Authors: LaScala‐Gruenewald Diana E. , Grace Roger V. , Haggitt Tim R. , Hanns Benjamin J. , Kelly Shane , MacDiarmid Alison , Shears Nick T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMarine reserves aim to protect harvested species within their boundaries and can therefore provide insurance against the effects of overfishing. To evaluate whether marine reserves are meeting this expectation, we compiled over 40 years of rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) monitoring data and examined long‐term trends in three relatively small marine reserves (c.4–8 km2) in northern New Zealand, a region that has experienced large‐scale declines in the fishery over the last decade. In all three reserves, lobster density initially increased by at least a factor of three following protection. However, over the last 10 years, lobster populations have experienced large declines in all three reserves with densities now 59–80%, and spawning stock biomass (SSB) now 51–86%, below historic levels. Using peak lobster density in each reserve as an unfished reference point, current densities on fished reefs are <15% of unfished levels and SSB is currently only 3–12% of peak population biomass in reserves. These results highlight the poor state of the wider stock and declines in the reserves follow regional declines in catch‐per‐unit‐effort in the fishery, suggesting that lobster populations within these reserves are not fully protected from fishing. Adult J. edwardsii are known to undertake seasonal foraging excursions that carry them beyond the offshore boundaries of these reserves where they are susceptible to fishing‐related mortality. We propose that the observed declines are likely a result of direct harvest of individuals beyond reserve boundaries and that larger reserves which encompass both a species' longshore and offshore movements are needed.
Perceptions and realities of elephant crop raiding and mitigation methods
Authors: Kiffner Christian , Schaal Isabel , Cass Leah , Peirce Kiri , Sussman Olivia , Grueser Ashley , Wachtel Ellie , Adams Hayley , Clark Krissie , König Hannes J. , Kioko John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCrop raiding by African elephants (Loxodonta africana) jeopardizes human livelihoods and undermines conservation efforts. Addressing this issue is particularly important in subsistence farms adjacent to protected areas and requires assessing the perceived and actual scale of the problem and the benefits, limitations and adoption potential of mitigation techniques. To achieve these objectives, we assessed the effectiveness of chili and beehive fences relative to control plots, using a daily farm monitoring protocol implemented on 20 farms bordering the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (Tanzania). Prior to the field study, we interviewed 65 farmers about human–elephant interactions and contrasted interview findings with those of daily farm monitoring. Farmer perception of crop raiding frequency declined with increasing distance from the protected area and was, on average, eight times greater than daily farm monitoring data indicated. The majority of interviewees expressed a willingness to try chili or beehive fences, though chili fences were preferred. Generalized‐linear‐mixed models indicated that neither elephant farm intrusions nor damages were significantly reduced by either chili or beehive fences relative to the control sites. Losses per month and hectare did not differ significantly by fence type. However, farm plots with chili fences did not experience massive damages which occasionally occurred in beehive or control plots. This partial effectiveness of chili fences was further confirmed by contrasting crop losses from a subset of farms that were subject to a cross‐over experimental design. Our multidimensional case study suggests that chili fences have greater adoption potential than beehive fences. Nevertheless, additional efforts are required to increase effectiveness and to realize adoption potential. By providing insights into the context and circumstances that presented challenges to the effectiveness, sustainability and scalability of beehive and chili fences, this study can serve as reference for areas where crop raiding by elephants is a key conservation conflict.
Increased blood transfusion after outpatient autologous transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning for hematological malignancies predicts worse outcomes
Authors: Jaime‐Pérez José Carlos , Hernández‐Coronado Marcela , Ancer‐Rodríguez Jesús , Gómez‐Almaguer David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransfusion has a recognized immunomodulatory effect, and its role on the outcomes after an ambulatory autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto‐HSCT) following reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) has not been documented. A study to assess factors associated with the number of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and platelet units transfused and their impact on survival rates of auto‐HSCT recipients after RIC was conducted between 2013 and 2019. Transfusions were recorded from days 0 to 100. Of the 130 patients studied, seventy (53.9%) required transfusion support. The median number of PRBC transfused was 2 (range 1‐20), and for platelets, it was also 2 units (range 1‐19). Infused CD34 + cells/kg, pre‐transplant CMV status, and relapse/progression were significantly associated with the number of PRBC units transfused and sex, infused CD34 + cells/kg, and pre‐transplant CMV status with the number of platelet units transfused. In multivariate analysis, a high/very high Disease Risk Index (P = .001) (P = .001) and transfusion of ≥ 5 total blood products (P = .001) (P = .010) were associated with decreased disease‐free and overall survival. Two‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 50% for transfused patients vs. 34% for those not transfused (P = .009). These data suggest that the transfusion burden and its interplay with other patient and transplant‐related factors could be associated with inferior auto‐HSCT outcomes.
Race and the gift of lament
Authors: Rector Denise 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA close look at historical narratives can help us understand how intractable racial injustice is, both in society and in the church. Progress toward racial equity requires us to recognize ourselves as actors in history, and also as those influenced by and acted upon by the forces of history. In addition, lament can help us move toward the theological work of repentance. This article is adapted from The Gift of Lament: Moving from Diversity to Racial Equity in the ELCA, 2018 MDiv Thesis, Wartburg Theological Seminary. Portions of this article were also presented at the June 2019 Convocation of Teaching Theologians.
Real‐world evidence of bariatric surgery and cardiovascular benefits using electronic health records data: A lesson in bias
Authors: Rassen Jeremy A. , Murk William , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo reproduce and correct studies on bariatric surgery and the reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe used electronic healthcare records (EHR) from in and outpatient facilities around the United States to identify a cohort of patients with T2D, aged 18 to 80 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or higher undergoing bariatric surgery. We compared against hip/knee arthroplasty to establish an active comparison group that reduced bias from differential information and confounding. The main outcome was six‐point MACE. Pre‐exposure characteristics were adjusted in propensity score (PS) models with 1:2 matching plus high‐dimensional PS matching.ResultsAfter a range of exclusions, the final cohort included 344 bariatric surgery patients (65% female; mean age 58 years) and 551 PS‐matched patients undergoing arthroplasty (65% female; 59 years). Median follow‐up was 2.5 years in both groups. Bariatric surgery patients showed a sustained 20% weight reduction and an HbA1c reduction by 1% point. We found no benefits of bariatric surgery for six‐point MACE (HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.76‐1.30). We observed known increases in risks for vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia (HR = 3.06; 1.10‐8.49) and cholelithiasis (HR = 1.72; 0.94‐3.13).ConclusionsThis real‐world evidence study found reductions in HbA1c and BMI following bariatric surgery similar to trials, and no meaningful cardiovascular benefit compatible with the underpowered trials but in contrast to earlier EHR studies. We showed how information bias typical in EHR analyses and confounding may cause substantial bias.
Circulating serum and plasma levels of micro‐RNA in type‐1 diabetes in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Margaritis Kosmas , Margioula‐Siarkou Georgia , Margioula‐Siarkou Chrysoula , Petousis Stamatios , Kotanidou Eleni P. , Christoforidis Athanasios , Pavlou Evangelos , Galli‐Tsinopoulou Assimina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, with constantly increasing incidence in paediatric population. The discovery of new molecules, such as microRNAs, and their possible interactions with T1DM create novel aspects in the diagnosis of the disease.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane CENTRAL and Clinicaltrials.gov. were searched up to 20 April 2020. Inclusion criteria for individual studies were quantification of microRNAs in serum/plasma samples and study groups consisting of children and adolescents with T1DM and healthy controls. Primary outcome of the study was the qualitative expression of microRNAs between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software v3.0. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsA total of 484 studies were retrieved from the initial search of the databases. These were subsequently limited to seven included studies. Seven microRNAs demonstrated contrasting expression between the two groups, with two of them showing significant overexpression in T1DM group (miR‐181:95% CI: 0.429 to 1.341 P < .001, miR‐210:95% CI: 0.381 to 0.852, P < .001) and one micro‐RNA being significantly overexpressed in control group (miR‐375:95% CI: 0.293 to 1.459, P = .003).ConclusionA total of three micro‐RNA molecules appeared to have a significantly different expression in T1DM patients, serving as a possible diagnostic panel of biomarkers. These findings may contribute as reference for future research to further support the use of microRNAs as a novel diagnostic tool in T1DM.
Categorical versus dimensional models of early psychosis
Authors: Phalen Peter , Millman Zachary , Rouhakhtar Pamela Rakhshan , Andorko Nicole , Reeves Gloria , Schiffman Jason 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimEarly psychosis is typically operationalized as a categorical construct by dividing people into one of three diagnostic statuses: low‐risk, clinical high‐risk, and first episode psychosis. We empirically assess whether an alternative dimensional approach focused on observed symptom severity may be more desirable for clinical and research purposes.MethodsParticipants were 152 help‐seeking youths ages 12–22 years old. Structured interview for psychosis risk syndromes interviews were used to obtain dimensional psychosis symptom severity ratings, and to classify participants by categorical psychosis risk status. Twenty‐five participants were classified as having a diagnosable psychotic disorder, 52 participants as clinical high‐risk, and 75 participants as help‐seeking controls. We assessed the relation between categorical and dimensional measurements of psychosis severity, and then compared categorical versus dimensional psychosis severity in their ability to predict social and role functioning.ResultsOn average, dimensional psychosis symptom severity increased along with categorical risk status (help‐seeking control < clinical high‐risk < diagnosable psychotic disorder). There was, however, considerable overlap between categories, with people at clinical high‐risk being particularly hard to distinguish from people with diagnosable psychotic disorders on the basis of symptom severity. Dimensional symptom severity was more predictive of functioning than categorical risk status.ConclusionsCategorical risk status and psychosis symptom severity are related but not interchangeable, and dimensional models of psychosis may be more predictive of functional outcomes. Adopting a dimensional rather than categorical approach to the psychosis risk spectrum may facilitate better predictive models and a richer theoretical understanding of early psychosis.
Development of an innovative educational escape game to promote teamwork in dentistry
Authors: Zaug Pernilla , Gros Catherine‐Isabelle , Wagner Delphine , Pilavyan Elise , Meyer Florent , Offner Damien , Strub Marion 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundEscape games have proven to be an innovative pedagogical tool that allows students to use the professional skills they acquired. The appeal of the game lies in the stimulation of the players’ minds and in the diversity of the puzzles.Purpose/objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of an educational tool aimed at cultivating team spirit and group cohesion in dentistry students through a fun collaborative activity that mobilises their knowledge and skills.Materials and methodTwenty‐four students participated to the escape game over a one‐day period. In order to win, they had to solve dentistry‐related puzzles.ResultsFeedback was strongly positive. The balance between manipulations and theoretical questions stimulated them. Students did favour this type of activity which allows to increase interactions between students as well as with the teaching team.ConclusionEscape games in dental schools foster a supportive learning environment and stimulated students’ motivation and group cohesion.
Microsatellite DNA analysis of overwintering bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and its implications for harvest regulation and habitat management
Authors: Taylor Eric B. , Chudnow Rachel , Pillipow Ray , Spendlow Ian , van Poorten Brett 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA mixed‐stock fishery occurs when multiple populations of a fish species are exploited together in a common area where they aggregate outside the breeding season (e.g. for feeding or overwintering), and the aggregation is known as a mixture. Recreational fishing often exploits such mixtures, and estimating the proportional contributions of populations to fisheries promotes more sustainable resource use. Ten DNA microsatellites were assayed in a mixture of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Suckley overwintering in the Nechako River, upper Fraser River, British Columbia, and in baseline population samples from 14 tributaries putatively contributing to the overwintering mixture. A DNA microsatellite‐based mixed‐stock fishery analysis suggested that five populations together contributed 0.80 to the mixture. Most of the errors associated with the mixture estimates were attributable to uncertainty in baseline allele frequencies. Radiotracking data confirmed that tributary populations contributing to the mixture estimated by genetic analysis also contained individuals that moved between spawning tributaries and overwintering sites. The results better resolve habitat use by potadromous bull trout in the upper Fraser River and, in combination with assessments of baseline population‐specific spawning abundances and productivity, will better inform a decision of whether or not allowing some harvest within the current catch‐and‐release fishery is biologically sustainable.