bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Childhood Health During Conflict: The Legacy of the Lord’s Resistance Army in Northern Uganda*
Authors: Bridges Sarah , Scott Douglas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper finds evidence of severe health deficits among young children who were exposed to the Lord’s Resistance Army insurgency in Northern Uganda (1987–2007). We employ a difference‐in‐differences approach to estimate a 0.74 standard deviation deficit in height‐for‐age z‐scores among children exposed to the fighting for a period of more than 9 months. Extending our analysis, we use a mediation model to investigate the transmission mechanisms through which the war may have affected childhood nutrition. We find support for the hypothesis that deficits occurred partly through changes in the frequency at which younger children received solid or semi‐solid foods.
Effect of perioperative oral management on postoperative bloodstream infection in heart valve surgery patients
Authors: Motoi Toshihiro , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Imoto Yutaka , Oho Takahiko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThere is a well‐known relationship between oral hygiene and infective endocarditis. Epidemiological evidence regarding perioperative oral management (POM) for cancer surgery has been accumulated, but this evidence is not sufficient for cardiac surgery. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate whether POM can prevent postoperative complications in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.Subjects and MethodsUsing single‐arm medical information, we retrospectively enrolled 301 patients who underwent heart valve surgery between April 2010 and March 2019. The patient background was adjusted by the propensity score (PS). We then analyzed the impact of POM on postoperative bloodstream infection (PBSI), postoperative pneumonia, and mortality using PS inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ResultsIPTW revealed that the POM group had a lower incidence of PBSI than the control group, with an odds ratio of 0.316 (p = 0.003). The mortality in the POM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.023). Fourteen patients died in the present study and 6 of them were infection‐related.ConclusionsPOM was significantly associated with decreased incidence of PBSI and mortality. The results suggest that POM is beneficial for the prevention of PBSI and mortality in patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
Family participation in the care of older hospitalised patients: Patients’, family caregivers’ and nurses’ preferences on family caregivers performing care tasks
Authors: Aerens Sander , Lepoudre Shani , Verstappen Laura , Vanhoucke Anne‐Laure , Malfait Simon , Van Humbeeck Liesbeth 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that there are 101 million older care‐dependent people (60+). This group is expected to double by 2050 due to the ageing of the world’s population and the rise in life expectancy. Although people tend to live longer, there is little evidence that they live their later years in better health. In the future, this might put even more stress on an already overburdened acute care health system. Hospitals therefore need to focus on preventive measures to avoid rehospitalisation of older people. Family participation could be part of the solution.ObjectivesThis study aimed to gain insight into the preferences of family caregivers, patients and nurses towards family caregivers taking up care tasks during hospitalisation, after receiving education.MethodsData were collected using a cross‐sectional survey of nursing staff, family caregivers and older patients in nine wards for older people within three hospitals. Data collection ran from October 2019 till March 2020 using a questionnaire of 25 care tasks with three answer options (perform alone, together with a nurse, do not perform). A consecutive sample of 330 patients and 133 family caregivers (81 dyads could be formed) next to a convenience sample of 67 nurses was obtained.ResultsPatients (65%) are more prepared to let their family caregiver perform tasks alone than family caregivers (59%) and nurses (52%). Only few patients (3.8%) and family caregivers (13%) prefer the family caregiver to perform a task together with a nurse. The latter answer thus rather dichotomously, while nurses answer more dynamically over the three answer options. Of all family caregivers, 50% indicate willingness and ability to perform tasks on a regular basis. Significant correlations indicate that patients, family caregivers and nurses agree on which care tasks would be more preferable to be performed by a family caregiver. Looking at the dyads, preferences of a patient are not suspected to be more similar with his family caregiver than with a random family caregiver.ConclusionsPatients, FCGs and nurses indicate to be prepared to engage in family participation. Further research needs to concentrate on the different attitudes and perceptions towards performing care tasks through qualitative research and how a successful implementation can be set up.Implications for practiceOur study indicates that implementation of family participation in physical care within the hospital could be viable.Trial registrationThe study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the Ghent University Hospital (B670201940430).
Ruining Murray Chotiner: A Forgotten Chapter in the Rivalry Between the Kennedys and Nixon
Authors: Gellman Irwin F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMurray Chotiner began working for Richard Nixon in his first congressional race in 1946 and managed Nixon's successful 1950 senatorial campaign and 1952 vice‐presidential campaign as well as handling the vice president's campaign schedule in the 1954 mid‐term elections. Despite Nixon's trust in Chotiner, the latter played no role in Nixon's 1960 presidential contest against John Kennedy. This was in part due to JFK's younger brother, Robert Kennedy, who not only managed his brother's successful 1960 presidential campaign but, four years earlier, used his position as chief counsel of the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Senate Government Operations Committee (aka the Senate Rackets Committee) to sully Chotiner's political reputation. This article explores this forgotten chapter in the rivalry between the Kennedys and Nixon.
Intranasal delivery of a cDC1 targeted influenza vaccine with poly(I:C) enhances T cell responses and protects against influenza infection
Authors: Lysén Anna , Gudjonsson Arnar , Tesfaye Demo Yemane , Bobic Sonja , Bern Malin , Bogen Bjarne , Fossum Even 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTargeting antigens to dendritic cells represent a promising method for enhancing immune responses against specific antigens. However, many studies have focused on systemic delivery (intravenous or intraperitoneally) of targeted antigen, approaches that are not easily transferable to humans. Here we evaluate the efficacy of an influenza vaccine targeting Xcr1+ cDC1 administered by intranasal immunization. Intranasal delivery of antigen fused to the chemokine Xcl1, the ligand of Xcr1, resulted in specific uptake by lung CD103+ cDC1. Interestingly, intranasal immunization with influenza A/PR/8/34 haemagglutinin (HA) fused to Xcl1, formulated with poly(I:C), resulted in enhanced induction of antigen‐specific IFNγ+CD4+ and IFNγ+CD8+ T cell responses in lung compared non‐targeted anti‐NIP‐HA (αNIP‐HA). Induction of antibody responses was, however, similar in Xcl1‐HA and αNIP‐HA immunized mice, but significantly higher than in mice immunized with monomeric HA. Both Xcl1‐HA and αNIP‐HA vaccines induced full protection when mice were challenged with a lethal dose of influenza PR8 virus, reflecting the strong induction of HA‐specific antibodies. Our results demonstrate that i.n. delivery of Xcl1‐HA is a promising vaccine strategy for enhancing T cell responses in addition to inducing strong antibody responses.
The capital buffer calibration for other systemically important institutions‐Is the country heterogeneity in the EU caused by regulatory capture?
Authors: Sigmund Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this article, we discuss how the too‐big‐to‐fail dilemma for large financial institution is addressed in the regulatory framework and how (differently) regulators in the EU apply it. The European Banking Authority (EBA) has devised a buffer guideline for identifying other systemically important institutions (OSIIs) to address this issue. This guideline defines how to identify OSIIs by a scoring process but does not specify how to map these scores into additional capital buffers. In this study, we empirically show that the OSII buffer assignment is very heterogeneous in Europe. First, based on all EU banks that were classified as OSIIs, we show that the OSII score has less impact on the OSII buffer than the headquarter country dummy. Second, if all countries applied the German OSII buffer assignment, the additional capital requirements in the euro area would increase by 90 bn EUR. Third, we analyze whether our results could be explained by regulatory capture which is measured by supervisory quality, supervisory funding, importance/concentration of the banking system, and political orientation of the government. We find among others that supervisory quality and supervisory funding without banks' participation increase OSII buffers significantly.
Universal school‐based intervention targeting depressive symptoms in adolescents: A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Lima Rodrigo Antunes , de Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes , Bezerra Jorge , dos Santos Simone José , Monducci Elena , Rodriguez‐Ayllon Maria , Soares Fernanda Cunha 
Published: December 2021

We investigated the effects of three different interventions on depressive symptoms in adolescents. As a secondary aim, we explored the mediating role of social isolation, anxiety, sleep quality, and cognitive function of the intervention effect on depressive symptoms. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial, in which schools were randomly assigned to 1. Doubling physical education (PE) classes (3:20 h of PE/week); 2. Workshop with the PE teachers; 3. Workshop with the PE teachers + Doubling PE classes; and 4. Control group (1:40 h of PE/week). In total, 1279 adolescents were included, 56.4% females. Doubling PE classes and the workshop with the PE teachers + Doubling PE classes groups did not affect depressive symptoms (−0.947, 95% CI −3.176 to 1.281; and, 0.726, 95% CI −1.558 to 3.009, respectively). The workshop with the PE teachers decreased adolescents' depressive symptoms (−2.495, 95% CI −4.668 to −0.323), social isolation (−4.759, 95% CI −9.025 to −0.493), and poor sleep quality (−0.560, 95% CI −1.108 to −0.012) compared with the control group. Social isolation mediated 32% of the workshop effect on depressive symptoms. The workshop with the PE teachers and the workshop with the PE teachers + Doubling PE classes groups lowered in 93% and in 54% the risk of the adolescents in developing high depressive symptomatology compared with the control group, respectively. A workshop updating PE teachers on pedagogical and health‐related topics decreased depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moreover, improvements in the adolescents' social isolation mediated the effect of PE teachers' workshop intervention on the depressive symptoms in adolescents.
Associations between 24‐h heart rate variability and aerobic fitness in high‐level female soccer players
Authors: Costa Júlio A. , Brito João , Nakamura Fábio Y. , Dores Hélder , Rebelo António 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in 24‐h heart rate variability and aerobic fitness, and their associations, in female soccer players during the preseason period.MethodsSixteen players were assessed (24‐h HRV and Yo‐Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 1 [YYIR1]) before and after 4 weeks of preseason. The relationship between R‐R24h length and high‐frequency oscillations (HF24h) was analyzed by a quadratic regression model (revealing or not saturation of vagal activity) assessed 48‐h before (PRE‐preseason) and 48‐h after (POST‐preseason) the preseason period. Additionally, the mean HF24h was calculated from the linear portion of the R–R interval versus the HF24h regression curve (HF index). The average of the corresponding R‐R24h values was defined as the R–R index.ResultsIn PRE‐preseason, seven players had a saturated HF24h, while in POST‐preseason, five new cases of saturated HF24h were observed. The mean R‐R24h, HF24h, R‐R index, and HF index lengths significantly increased after preseason (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found in YYIR1 PRE‐ compared with POST‐preseason (930 ± 286 m [individual range: 400–1240 m] versus 1265 ± 252 m [640–1640 m], respectively; p < 0.001). Additionally, the relative changes in HF24h and HF index were largely correlated with improvements in the distance covered during the YYIR1 (r = 0.68 and r = 0.56; respectively).ConclusionEnhanced vagal activity after 4‐week preseason period of soccer training increased the occurrence of vagal saturation in high‐level female soccer players. Additionally, the increases in HF24h and HF index were significantly correlated with aerobic fitness change.
High‐frequency ultrasound for differentiation between high‐risk basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zi‐Tong , Yan Jian‐Na , Zhu An‐Qi , Wang Li‐Fan , Wang Qiao , Li Liang , Guo Le‐Hang , Li Xiao‐Long , Xu Hui‐Xiong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe similar visual appearance of high‐risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) may cause confusion for diagnosis. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) may provide additional intralesional information and thus help to distinguish them.MethodIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, HFUS grayscale, and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) features of pathologically confirmed high‐risk BCC and cSCC lesions (n = 65 vs n = 68). Subsequently, discrimination models based on the significant HFUS features were established.ResultsBetween high‐risk BCC and cSCC lesions, the HFUS grayscale features of the lesion size (10.0 mm vs 17.4 mm), thickness (3.1 mm vs 5.9 mm), internal hyperechoic spots (80.0% vs 23.5%), and posterior acoustic shadowing (16.9% vs 66.2%) were statistically different (all p < 0.001). As for the CDFI features, high‐risk BCC lesions mainly appeared as pattern II (47.7%), while cSCC lesions mainly appeared as pattern III (66.2%). Based on the above five features, an optimal discrimination model was established with a sensitivity of 91.2%, a specificity of 87.7%, and an accuracy of 89.5%.ConclusionHFUS features, including size, thickness, internal hyperechoic spots, posterior acoustic shadowing, and Doppler vascularity pattern, are useful for differential diagnosis between high‐risk BCC and cSCC.
Agonistic politics in post‐crisis landscapes: Comparative insights from Athens and Madrid
Authors: Arampatzi Athina , Janoschka Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCritical debates in human geography have interrogated the changing political landscapes of the post‐2008 crisis period and the post‐democratic imprint of neoliberal reconfigurations in Europe. Moreover, geographers have offered insights into politicisation processes that disrupted the post‐crisis consensus, attesting to the possibility inherent within forms of democratic politics. Contributing to these debates, this paper critically engages with Chantal Mouffes “agonistics” approach, aiming to deliberate on the implicit geographies of her thought and bring forward the complex, messy, and multi‐scalar geographies of democratic politics. In so doing, the paper offers an empirically informed comparative perspective of two exemplary cases of governance changes. Social solidarity economy (SSE) and housing inform our re‐conceptualisation of “agonistics,” through a plural reading of the co‐existing and at times conflicting forms of political agency and democratic politics of this period. By conceptualising the multiple and heterogeneous spatialities, modalities, and temporalities of agonistics in Athens and Madrid, we acknowledge their mutual constitution and distinct analytical validity for geographical thinking. Comparing across uneven geographical contexts elicits crucial tensions emanating from the heterogeneity of the two contexts and further allows us to distillate the diverse, yet complementary, logics and analytical dimensions of agonistics. Eventually, our contribution aims to problematise the distinction between “politics” and “the political” – as either neatly spatialised around pre‐given state spaces or understood exclusively as disruptive moments and ruptural events – and draw the attention to actually existing forms of agonistic politics.
DNA damage response proteins in canine cancer as potential research targets in comparative oncology
Authors: Hernández‐Suárez Beatriz , Gillespie David A. , Pawlak Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signal transduction network that is activated when endogenous or exogenous genotoxins damage or interfere with the replication of genomic DNA. Under such conditions, the DDR promotes DNA repair and ensures accurate replication and division of the genome. High levels of genomic instability are frequently observed in cancers and can stem from germline loss‐of‐function mutations in certain DDR genes, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53, that form the basis of human cancer predisposition syndromes. In addition, mutation and/or aberrant expression of multiple DDR genes are frequently observed in sporadic human cancers. As a result, the DDR is considered to represent a viable target for cancer therapy in humans and a variety of strategies are under investigation. Cancer is also a significant cause of mortality in dogs, a species that offers certain advantages for experimental oncology. Domestic dogs present numerous inbred lines, many of which display predisposition to specific forms of cancer and the study of which may provide insight into the biological basis of this susceptibility. In addition, clinical trials are possible in dogs and may lead to therapeutic insights that could ultimately be extended to humans. Here we review what is known specifically about the DDR in dogs and discuss how this knowledge could be extended and exploited to advance experimental oncology in this species.
Detection of Possible Short-Term Ionospheric Precursors of Strong Earthquakes Based on Changes in Diurnal Es Characteristics
Authors: Korsunova L. P. , Legen’ka A. D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The changes in two characteristics of the sporadic Е layer are studied for a pair of stations: the probability of the occurrence PEs and the limiting frequency of the ordinary wave of the sporadic E layer of the ionosphere foEs during a 10-day period of the preparation of 19 crustal earthquakes in the Pacific region with М = 6.5–7.4. The stations are located hundreds of kilometers from each other, but they fall within the zone of the preparation of a particular earthquake (the sizes of the earthquake preparation zone are estimated with formulas known in the scientific literature that relate the size of the radius of the earthquake preparation zone and the earthquake magnitude). The measurement data obtained at the ground stations of ionospheric vertical sounding are analyzed. The deviations of diurnal values of PEs (δPEs) from the median over the studied time interval and the integral diurnal values of the total irregular fluctuations in foEs (ΔfEsΣ) are used to identify possible ionospheric earthquake precursors. The coincidence of the time of appearance of the deviation maxima for both parameters before the earthquakes at each of the stations on the same day (from 1 to 4 days before the earthquake day) is recorded in the diurnal changes in the indicated values during the preparation periods of all of the considered earthquakes. The criteria for the identification of a short-term ionospheric earthquake precursor is discussed. Comparison of the analysis results for manual and automatic ionogram processing showed the prospects for the use the proposed parameters obtained according to the data of the distant ionosondes to identify the short-term ionospheric precursors of an earthquake with М = 6.5–7.0.
Extreme Space Weather Events during the First Cycles of Epochs with Decreased Solar Activity
Authors: Ishkov V. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The problem of the distribution of extreme and very strong magnetic storms with intensities (G5, G4) in the first cycles (12 and 24) of epochs of lowered solar activity was considered based on homogeneous series of the geomagnetic index Aa with allowance for the modern scale of the intensity of disturbances in the near-Earth space and the scenario of solar cyclicity. The significant decrease in the number of such events and active solar phenomena in the last cycle may indicate that the sunspot and flare activity in solar cycle 12 was significantly higher than that in cycle 24, but it was significantly lower than in solar cycles of the epoch of increased solar activity.
Modulational Interaction in a Dusty Plasma of Meteoroid Wakes
Authors: Morozova T. I. , Popel S. I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This is a study of the possible modulational instability of electromagnetic waves in meteoroid wakes associated with the dust acoustic mode at altitudes of 80–120 km, which is a linear stage of modulational interaction. The parameters of meteoroid wakes at different altitudes in the Earth’s ionosphere are considered. It is shown that the charging of dust particles of meteoric matter creates conditions for the occurrence of dust acoustic waves. Dust acoustic disturbances are excited due to the modulational instability of electromagnetic waves from the meteoric trail. The influence of neutrals on the development of modulational interaction is taken into account. The concentration of neutrals in meteoric wakes is higher than the concentration of neutrals in the Earth’s ionosphere. It has been found that the condition for the excitation of a dust acoustic wave is satisfied for the typical parameters of dusty plasma of meteoroid wakes at altitudes of 100–120 km. Due to collisions between dust and neutrals, the development of modulation instability is suppressed at altitudes of 80–90 km, while inelastic collisions of neutrals with electrons and ions do not affect the development of modulational instability. The modulational instability of electromagnetic waves can explain the occurrence of low-frequency noise during the passage of meteoric bodies in a frequency range characteristic of dust acoustic waves. It is shown that the modulation instability has time to develop for characteristic temperatures and particle concentrations in meteoroid wakes. Equations for the charging of dust particles in meteoroid wakes are given. It has been found that the dust is positively charged, both in the daytime and at night, due to intense emission currents from the surface of dust particles.