bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible value of galectin‐3 on follow‐up of cardiac remodeling during glucocorticoid treatment
Authors: Akin Senay , Kubat Gokhan B. , Guray Umit , Akin Yesim , Demirel Haydar A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long‐term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease in glucose utilization by developing pathological cardiac remodeling. However, in this process, cardiac fibrosis formation and deterioration in heart structure and functions occur. Galectin‐3, a member of the β‐galactoside binding lectins, is consistently associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of various disease states including insulin resistance and heart failure. Galectin‐3 expression is markedly increased in activated macrophages and a subset of activated fibroblasts and vascular cells. Also, failing and remodeling myocardium show increased Gal‐3 expression and elevated Gal‐3 levels are related to heart failure severity and prognosis. Furthermore, Gal‐3‐related pathways are recently suggested as therapeutic targets both pharmacologically and genetically to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the role of glucocorticoid‐associated insulin resistance, which is important for some cardiac events, and the potential role of galectin in this pathophysiological process.
An explanatory sequential investigation of the working alliance as a change process in videoconferencing psychotherapy
Authors: Norwood Carl , Sabin‐Farrell Rachel , Malins Sam , Moghaddam Nima G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectives and DesignDebate exists as to patient experience, and the importance, of the working alliance (WA) in videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP). This study used a two‐phase explanatory sequential design to investigate the WA as a change process in VCP.MethodsPhase I: sessional VCP outcome and WA data were analysed using multilevel modelling (n = 46). Phase II: participants (n = 12) from Phase I were recruited to semi‐structured interviews, analysed using thematic framework analysis.Results and ConclusionsResults demonstrate: (1) a significant correlation between WA and outcome (F(1, 15.19) = 25.01, p < 0.001), (2) previous session WA significantly predicted outcome in the next session (F(1, 355.61) = 4.47, p < 0.05), and (3) previous session outcome significantly predicted next session WA (F(1, 55.3) = 15.19, p < 0.001), with three core themes explaining patient experience (engaging with the medium, connection with the therapist, and working via the medium). Results are discussed and future research recommended.
Incorporating compassion into compassion fatigue: The development of a new scale
Authors: Eng Linnéa , Nordström Jennie , Schad Elinor 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveAlthough theory supports compassion fatigue as a separate condition, compassion fatigue, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress (STS) are terms often used interchangeably. We aim to create a compassion fatigue scale while comparing it to burnout and STS.MethodSurvey data were collected from 651 psychologists working in Sweden using a Compassion Fatigue Inventory (CFI), the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the STS Scale.ResultsAn exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the CFI resulting in high internal consistency generating three subfactors: Reduced Compassion, Social Life, and Workplace. Even though Compassion fatigue had a high correlation with both burnout and STS, the results suggest a narrower conceptualization of compassion fatigue. The only background variable related to compassion fatigue was years of work experience.ConclusionThis new CFI can be useful in examining reduced compassion in health care professionals.
Evolution of observed and modelled temperatures in Finland in 1901–2018 and potential dynamical reasons for the differences
Authors: Ruosteenoja Kimmo , Räisänen Jouni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObserved monthly and annual mean temperatures in Finland in 1901–2018 were compared with simulations performed with 28 global climate models (GCMs), and dynamical factors behind the emerging differences were studied by regression analysis. Observational temperatures were extracted from high‐quality kriging analyses specifically tailored for Finland. Considering the entire time interval, the increase in the annual multi‐GCM mean temperature agrees well with the observed warming, even though observations exhibit substantial inter‐decadal fluctuations. After 2000, the mean temperatures have been higher than during any period in the 20th century. In the baseline regression model, the 10 leading EOFs of the European—Northeast Atlantic sea‐level pressure (SLP) field were used to explain differences between the GCM‐mean and observed evolution of temperature. The regression model is able to reduce the mean squared difference of the temporally‐smoothed temperature by 58%. The performance is highest in winter and summer and lowest in April. For a sensitivity assessment, multiple alternative regression models were tested, for example, one using the local SLP, geostrophic wind and vorticity as predictors. These models mostly showed somewhat inferior performance. We specifically explored the trends of monthly temperatures during 1961–2018, a period considerably affected by anthropogenic emissions. Compared with the multi‐GCM mean, warming proved to be negligible in June, fairly slow in October and quite rapid in December. All these features were explained rather nicely by dynamical factors. Accordingly, the deviations of the observed regional temperature trends from the multi‐GCM mean largely appear to be related to internal variability.
Elevated organic carbon pulses persist in estuarine environment after major storm events
Authors: Asmala Eero , Osburn Christopher L. , Paerl Ryan W. , Paerl Hans W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEstuaries regulate transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from land to ocean. Export of terrestrial DOC from coastal watersheds is exacerbated by increasing major rainfall and storm events and human activities, leading to pulses of DOC that are shunted through rivers downstream to estuaries. Despite an upward trend of extreme events, the fate of the pulsed terrestrial DOC in estuaries remains unclear. We analyzed the effects of seven major tropical cyclones (TC) from 1999 to 2017 on the quantity and fate of DOC in the Neuse River Estuary (NC, USA). Significant TC‐induced increases in DOC were observed throughout the estuary; the increase lasting from around 50 d at head‐of‐tide to over 6 months in lower estuary. Our results suggest that pulsed terrestrial DOC associated with TCs temporarily overwhelms the estuarine filter's abiotic and biotic degradation capacity under such high flow events, enhancing the shunt of terrestrial carbon to the coastal ocean.
Optically‐Controlled Quantum Size Effect in a Hybrid Nanocavity Composed of a Perovskite Nanoparticle and a Thin Gold Film
Authors: Li Shulei , Yuan Maohui , Zhuang Weijie , Zhao Xin , Tie Shaolong , Xiang Jin , Lan Sheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMetal halide perovskites have attracted great interest in recent years and their emission wavelength can be adjusted either by doping impurities or by exploiting quantum size effect. Here, it is reported that the realization of optically‐controlled quantum size effect in a hybrid nanocavity composed of a perovskite (CsPbBr3) nanoparticle and a thin gold (Au) film. Such nanocavities are created by synthesizing polycrystalline CsPbBr3 nanoparticles composed of quantum dots on a thin Au film via chemical vapor deposition, which emit luminescence at ≈488 nm under the excitation of femtosecond laser pulses with a low repetition rate. The phase transition from polycrystalline to monocrystalline, which quenches the quantum size effect and shifts the emission wavelength to ≈515 nm, can be introduced in CsPbBr3 nanoparticles by simply increasing the laser power. Interestingly, such a phase transition is reversible provided that the laser power is lower than a threshold. Consequently, four optical states including dual‐wavelength emission, can be achieved by deliberately setting the laser power. The underlying physical mechanism is unveiled by the static and transient temperature distributions simulated for the hybrid nanocavity. The findings open a new avenue for designing novel photonic devices based on perovskite nanoparticles and plasmonic nanostructures.
Increased Climbing Fiber Lateral Crossings on Purkinje Cell Dendrites in the Cerebellar Hemisphere in Essential Tremor
Authors: Wu Yueh‐Chi , Louis Elan D. , Gionco John , Pan Ming‐Kai , Faust Phyllis L. , Kuo Sheng‐Han 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundClimbing fibers (CFs) innervate Purkinje cells (PCs) with 1:1 relationship to ensure proper cerebellar function. Although CFs abnormally extend into the parallel fiber domain of PC dendrites in essential tremor (ET), the architecture of CFs in relation to PCs has yet to be investigated in detail.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to study the architecture of CFs in relation to PCs in ET.MethodsThe number of PC somas and PC dendrites that a single CF crossed was quantified in the postmortem cerebellum of 15 ET cases and 15 control cases.ResultsIn ET, CFs crossed a greater number of PC somas and PC dendrites than in control cases, raising the possibility that there is abnormal CF wiring onto the PCs. Interestingly, the increase in CF–PC crossings positively correlated with tremor severity.ConclusionsPatients with ET have increased CF crossings on PC dendrites. This abnormal architectural arrangement may contribute to synchronous brain activity and tremor. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Construction of a novel supramolecular self‐assembly photocatalyst for full visible light spectrum photooxidation of phenol
Authors: Zhang Kai , Yang Wenjuan , Ge Zaochuan , Yang Qingui , Yang Haipeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sluggish full visible light response of organic supramolecular catalysts is a challenge that greatly restricts their development in the photocatalytic field. Herein, we successfully fabricated a K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/perylene‐diimide(PDI) catalyst with a novel, general, and facile ultrasound assisted water bath heating method. The UV adsorption onset of K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI is redshifted from 750 to 760 nm compared with that of the heterojunction of Bi2WO6/PDI. Under visible light, the phenol is thoroughly mineralized into CO2 and H2O, and the phenol degradation rate was three times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6/PDI. The electrons transfer from PDI to K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI according to the charge density difference calculation. The built‐in potential of K‐ and Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6/PDI could increase from 2.09 to 5.54 eV. The excellent full visible light spectrum photooxidation of phenol is attributed to the suitably strong built‐in potential at the heterojunction between PDI and K, Cl‐codoped Bi2WO6.
Disease‐specific hospitalizations among 5‐year survivors of Wilms tumor: A Nordic population‐based cohort study
Authors: Høgsholt Stine , Asdahl Peter Haubjerg , Bonnesen Trine Gade , Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Madanat‐Harjuoja Laura , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Bautz Andrea , Albieri Vanna , Green Daniel , Winther Jeanette Falck , Hasle Henrik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith modern therapy, over 90% of Wilms tumor patients can expect to become long‐term survivors, and focus on morbidity and late effects become increasingly important. We provide a novel evaluation and insight to subsequent hospitalizations in 5‐year survivors of Wilms tumor.MethodsAs part of the Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS) study, we identified 5‐year survivors of Wilms tumor. Based on stratified random sampling, we constructed a population comparison cohort. Outcomes of interest were overall hospitalizations; hospitalizations for specific organ systems and disease‐specific categories. Standardized hospitalization rate ratios (SHRR) and absolute excess risks (AER) were calculated.ResultsWe included 913, 5‐year survivors of Wilms tumor and 152 231 population comparisons. Survivors of Wilms tumor had an increased overall risk of being hospitalized (SHRR 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7‐2.0). The hospitalization risk was increased within all major organ systems: urinary and genital organs (SHRR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1‐3.0), endocrine (SHRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.9‐3.3), cardiovascular (SHRR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7‐2.9), and gastrointestinal (SHRR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3‐1.8). Risks for specific diseases are reported in the study.ConclusionsSurvivors of Wilms tumor had higher risks than population comparisons for a wide range of diseases, with the highest risks seen for urinary, endocrine, and cardiovascular disorders. Five to 20 years after the Wilms tumor diagnosis, 43% of survivors had been hospitalized at least once versus 29% of population comparisons. The overall AER was 2.3, which translates into 0.2 extra hospitalizations in 10 years for every Wilms tumor survivor.
Structure, thermal stability and electrical properties of cellulose‐6‐phosphate: development of a novel fast Na‐ionic conductor
Authors: Marzouki Riadh , Brahmia Ameni , Alsulami Qana A , Keshk Sherif MAS , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Jaremko Mariusz , Zid Mohamed F , Heinze Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, alkali cellulose‐6‐phosphate (A‐CP) was prepared by the treatment of cellulose‐6‐phosphate (CP) with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, 13C NMR, 31P NMR and 23Na NMR spectroscopies were used to characterize the studied polymers. CP and A‐CP crystallize in the monoclinic system of the P21 space group (cellulose Iβ). CP and A‐CP, with relative densities of 70% and 77%, respectively, were shaped into cylindrical pellets by uniaxial pressing and sintering at 423 K of A‐CP. Electrical conductivity measurements of CP and A‐CP were carried out using complex impedance spectroscopy between 298 and 433 K in the frequency range 5 Hz to 13 MHz. The influence of aqueous NaOH on the structure, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of cellulose phosphate was observed. In contrast to CP, A‐CP was stable up to temperatures exceeding 433 K and showed fast ionic conductivity σ393K = 2.03 × 10−6 S cm−1 with an activation energy of 0.73 eV. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced metabolism confers a high level of cyhalofop‐butyl resistance in a Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) population
Authors: Deng Wei , Yang Mengting , Li Yang , Xia Zhiming , Chen Yongrui , Yuan Shuzhong , Yang Qian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDChinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) is one of main grass weeds invading Chinese rice fields. The target‐site resistance (TSR) of cyhalofop‐butyl have been widely reported in L. chinensis populations, but the non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have not yet been well‐characterized. This study aims to investigate the likely NTSR in a cyhalofop‐butyl‐resistant L. chinensis population (YZ‐R), which was collected from Yangzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China.RESULTSDose–response assays showed the YZ‐R population exhibited 191.6‐fold resistance to cyhalofop‐butyl, compared to the susceptible population (YZ‐S). This resistance is not target‐site based, because no mutations in the two ACCase genes were detected in the YZ‐R plants compared to the YZ‐S plants, and the ACCase genes expression levels were similar in YZ‐S and YZ‐R plants. In addition, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) inhibitor 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD‐Cl) did not significantly reverse cyhalofop‐butyl resistance in the YZ‐R population. However, liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis indicated that the metabolic rates of cyhalofop acid in YZ‐R plants was significantly faster (5 to 10‐ fold) than in YZ‐S plants. Furthermore, the YZ‐R population showed no cross‐resistance to other ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that cyhalofop‐butyl resistance in the YZ‐R population is due to non‐target‐site based enhanced herbicide metabolism. Resistance in this population is likely involved in a specific detoxification enzyme, with possible high catalytic efficiency and strong substrate specificity, therefore leading to high‐level and single resistance to cyhalofop‐butyl. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Subsidiary Governance Case
Authors: Hilb Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractYou are the newly appointed Vice President for Europe of Computex Corporation, a San Francisco-based computer manufacturer.This morning you received a strange letter signed by six (out of ten) members of your sales force team in the recently established subsidiary, located in Gothenburg. They asked you to fire the General Manager of Computex Sweden “... who loses his temper almost daily...”
Start-Up Investor Governance Case
Authors: LoBue Robert M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the current age of innovative business financing opportunities available from fintech apps, social media crowdfunding sites such as Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and RocketHub, et.al., and friends and family private equity investors, start-up firms can strategically source their venture capital funds from many globally disperse organizations and individuals. As the firm in this case learned, the benefit of alternative investing sources comes with a critical hidden risk for corporate governance. After a financial restructuring, a typical Silicon Valley software start-up found itself with close to 300 external individual shareholders, some of whom had not been documented as accredited investors. The regulatory agency could decide that the prior actions of the founders and the decisions of the board had been prejudicial to the interests of the minority investors. The management of this small private company faced an atypical investor relations dilemma, before its initial public offering (IPO).
MOBIL-Studie, methodisches Vorgehen und Forschungsfrage
Authors: Engel Ole 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden wird das Forschungsdesign der vorliegenden Arbeit erläutert. In einem ersten Schritt wird kurz der grundlegende methodische Zugang beschrieben, bevor in einem zweiten Schritt die Datenerhebung im Kontext der MOBIL-Studie wird. Dabei werden sowohl Pretest und Erstellung des Fragebogens als auch Rekrutierung und Datenbereinigung genauer beschrieben.
Axonal swellings are related to type 2 diabetes, but not to distal diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Authors: Karlsson Pall , Gylfadottir Sandra S. , Kristensen Alexander G. , Ramirez Juan D. , Cruz Pedro , Le Nhu , Shillo Pallai R. , Tesfaye Solomon , Rice Andrew S. C. , Tankisi Hatice , Finnerup Nanna B. , Nyengaard Jens R. , Jensen Troels S. , Bennett David L. H. , Themistocleous Andreas C. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Distal diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) is a common complication of diabetes with many patients showing a reduction of intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) from skin biopsy, a validated and sensitive diagnostic tool for the assessment of DSP. Axonal swelling ratio is a morphological quantification altered in DSP. It is, however, unclear if axonal swellings are related to diabetes or DSP. The aim of this study was to investigate how axonal swellings in cutaneous nerve fibres are related to type 2 diabetes mellitus, DSP and neuropathic pain in a well-defined cohort of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A total of 249 participants, from the Pain in Neuropathy Study (UK) and the International Diabetic Neuropathy Consortium (Denmark), underwent a structured neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, quantitative sensory testing and skin biopsy. The study included four groups: healthy control study participants without diabetes (n = 45); participants with type 2 diabetes without DSP (DSP−; n = 31); and participants with evidence of DSP (DSP+; n = 173); the last were further separated into painless DSP+ (n = 74) and painful DSP+ (n = 99). Axonal swellings were defined as enlargements on epidermal-penetrating fibres exceeding 1.5 μm in diameter. Axonal swelling ratio is calculated by dividing the number of axonal swellings by the number of intraepidermal nerve fibres.

Results
Median (IQR) IENFD (fibres/mm) was: 6.7 (5.2–9.2) for healthy control participants; 6.2 (4.4–7.3) for DSP−; 1.3 (0.5–2.2) for painless DSP+; and 0.84 (0.4–1.6) for painful DSP+. Swelling ratios were calculated for all participants and those with IENFD > 1.0 fibre/mm. When only those participants with IENFD > 1.0 fibre/mm were included, the axonal swelling ratio was higher in participants with type 2 diabetes when compared with healthy control participants (p < 0.001); however, there was no difference between DSP− and painless DSP+ participants, or between painless DSP+ and painful DSP+ participants. The axonal swelling ratio correlated weakly with HbA1c (r = 0.16, p = 0.04), but did not correlate with the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (surrogate measure of DSP severity), BMI or type 2 diabetes duration.

Conclusions/interpretation
In individuals with type 2 diabetes where IENFD is >1.0 fibre/mm, axonal swelling ratio is related to type 2 diabetes but is not related to DSP or painful DSP. Axonal swellings may be an early marker of sensory nerve injury in type 2 diabetes.

Graphical abstract
Adapted tool design for the cold forging of gears from non-ferrous and light metals
Authors: Rohrmoser Andreas , Hagenah Hinnerk , Merklein Marion 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to growing competitive pressure within the manufacturing sector, there have been increasing attempts to establish resource saving production methods in gear manufacturing within recent years. Cold forging offers the potential—in addition to a high material and energy efficiency—to produce gears with an excellent surface quality, increased hardness as well as a load adapted fiber orientation. With regard to the wide range of applications there is a broad demand for gear materials, ranging from high-strength steels to non-ferrous and light metals. The flow behavior of the material has a significant influence on the cold forging process. Therefore, no consistent process result is achieved when forming different materials. Challenges exist due to deficient die filling and poor resulting geometrical accuracy. In this contribution, material-specific challenges during the full forward extrusion of gears from non-ferrous and light metals have been identified and suitable tool-sided measures were derived. A validated numerical process model was used to determine the underlying mechanisms of action and to verify the derived measures. A reduced yield stress leads to inflow formation, insufficient die filling, and low achievable strain hardening, as well as gearing accuracy. The tool-sided measures achieved a significant increase of resulting die filling and gearing accuracy as well as the mechanical properties. That provides the basis for the production of ready-to-use gears from various metal materials.