bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family members’ psychological experiences of the COVID-19 lockdown: A qualitative study
Authors: Salarvand Shahin , Mousavi Masoumeh , Almasian Mohammad 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Major traumatic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown can affect the family as the fundamental unit of all societies. This study aimed to describe the psychological experiences of healthy families during the COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research was conducted by purposive sampling. The sample size was achieved 29 by data saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect the data. Content analysis was used in data analysis.Results: The findings of this study included both positive and negative psychological aspects, each of which had some subcategories. Negative psychological aspects: Anxiety, a sense of isolation and intensification of loneliness, Mood and energy changes (hardship and fatigue from lockdown/Boredom, anger, depression), disruption of the sleep-wake patterns, feelings of helplessness, more frequent family disputes and arguments, Increasing the risk of the problematic Internet use. Positive psychological aspects: The expansion of the worldview and a sense of pleasure and happiness.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown created negative and disruptive experiences and positive and constructive experiences for different individuals.
Theta-burst stimulation entrains frequency-specific oscillatory responses
Authors: Solomon Ethan , Sperling Michael , Sharan Ashwini , Wanda Paul , Levy Deborah , Lyalenko Anastasia , Pedisich Isaac , Rizzuto Daniel , Kahana Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Brain stimulation has emerged as a powerful tool in human neuroscience, becoming integral to next-generation psychiatric and neurologic therapeutics. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS), in which electrical pulses are delivered in rhythmic bouts of 3-8 Hz, seeks to recapitulate neural activity seen endogenously during cognitive tasks. A growing literature suggests that TBS can be used to alter or enhance cognitive processes, but little is known about how these stimulation events influence underlying neural activity.Objective/Hypothesis: The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of direct electrical TBS on mesoscale neural activity in humans by asking (1) whether TBS evokes persistent theta oscillations in cortical areas, (2) whether these oscillations occur at the stimulated frequency, and (3) whether stimulation events propagate in a manner consistent with underlying functional and structural brain architecture.Methods: We recruited 20 neurosurgical epilepsy patients with indwelling electrodes and delivered direct cortical TBS at varying locations and frequencies. Simultaneous iEEG was recorded from non-stimulated electrodes and analyzed to understand how TBS influences mesoscale neural activity. Results: We found that TBS rapidly evoked theta rhythms in widespread brain regions, preferentially at the stimulation frequency, and that these oscillations persisted for hundreds of milliseconds post stimulation offset. Furthermore, the functional connectivity between recording and stimulation sites predicted the strength of theta response, suggesting that underlying brain architecture guides the flow of stimulation through the brain.Conclusions: By demonstrating that direct TBS induces frequency-specific oscillatory responses, our results suggest this technology can be used to directly and predictably influence the activity of cognitively-relevant brain networks.
A Universal Severity Classification for Natural Disasters
Authors: Caldera H. Jithamala , Wirasinghe S. C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The magnitude of a disaster’s impact cannot be easily assessed because there is no global method that provides real magnitudes of natural disaster severity levels. Therefore, a new universal severity classification scheme for natural disasters is developed and is supported by data. This universal system looks at the severity of disasters based on the most influential impact factor and gives a rating from zero to ten; zero indicates no impact and ten is a world-wide devastation. This universal system is for all types of natural disasters, from lightning strikes to super volcanic eruptions and everything in between, that occur anywhere in the world at any time. This novel universal classification system measures, describes, compares, rates, ranks, and categorizes impacts of disasters quantitatively and qualitatively, thereby making the severity index applicable to diverse stakeholder groups, including policy makers, governments, responders, and civilians, by providing clear definitions that help convey the impact levels or severity potential of a disaster. Therefore, this universal system avoids inconsistencies and, primarily, connects severity metrics to generate a clear understanding of the degree of an emergency and improves mutual understanding among stakeholder groups. Consequently, the proposed universal system generates a common communication platform and improves understanding of disaster risk, which aligns with the priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. This research was completed prior to Covid-19, but the pandemic is briefly addressed in the discussion section.
Simulation Study of the Impact of Traps in GaN Substrates on the Electrical Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Thin Channel Layers
Authors: Oishi Toshiyuki , Ito Kaito 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
GaN substrates are promising candidates for GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) due to their epitaxial layer growth with a low defect density. In this study, technology computer-aided design simulations were executed to design the GaN HEMTs on semi-insulating GaN substrates with thin channel layers. Traps in the GaN substrates played a role in suppressing drain-leakage currents, although degrading transient responses changed the bias from off to on-state for the 0.02-μm thin channel layer. A trade-off relationship between the drain-leakage current and transient response is occurred by changing the trap concentration in the GaN substrates. The AlGaN back-barrier structure has been found to be highly effective in suppressing the drain-leakage current in low-trap-concentration GaN substrates. The trade-off relationship improved by adopting the back-barrier layers, and the maximum drain current decreased. The drain-current reduction compensated by increasing the Al content in the barriers without degrading the trade-off relationship. Therefore, for GaN HEMTs that have low-trap-concentration GaN substrates combined with the back-barrier layer, a high-Al-content barrier have characteristics that are favorable for the trade-off relationship in the case of thin channel layers. Moreover, the traps in GaN substrates were found to affect low-frequency S 21 , which is important for linearity of the power amplifier, as critically as the transient responses.
Piezoelectric Active Damper for Surface Roughness Improvement in Hard Turning Processes
Authors: Bahador Amirabbas , Du Chunling , Jin Yicheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Surface roughness and profile accuracy on rolling or sliding surfaces are critical for the wear and fatigue of a component. A high roughness or poor profile accuracy results in higher friction and higher wear rate of the surface. One of the major factors affecting the surface roughness is chatter vibrations. This paper presents a novel design and development of an active damper for chatter suppression of hard turning processes using a piezoelectric actuator and strain signal for chatter detection. The active damper consists of a piezoelectric actuator with an embedded strain gauge for measuring the vibration displacement. In this work, the radial strain signal as a result of radial chatter vibrations from the strain gauge is used as a feedback signal to the actuator using a feedback controller. The experimental results showed a significant suppression in chatter vibrations and improvement of surface roughness using the proposed active damper. The details of the tool design, control design, hardware implementation and system validation are given hereinafter.
Combination of Anns and Heuristic Algorithms in Modelling and Optimizing of Fenton Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Cüce Hüseyin , Yolcu Ozge Cagcag , TEMEL Fulya AYDIN 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to evaluate COD removal performance of Classical-Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes from cosmetic wastewater by different prediction models. Besides Response Surface Methodology (RSM), three neural networks were used to more reliably and effectively predict the behavior of dependent variable at different values of relevant parameters. These neural networks; multi-layer perceptron trained by Levenberg-Marquardt (MLP-LM); multi-layer perceptron and single multiplicative neuron model trained by particle swarm optimization algorithm (MLP-PSO; SMN-PSO). H2O2 doses, Fe(II) doses, and H2O2/Fe(II) rates were independent variables of prediction models to optimize both processes in batch reactors. The generated predictions for whole data set were compared with each other. The prediction performances of models were evaluated by RMSE and MAPE error criteria. Regression analysis was also applied to determine the performance of the best model. The results obtained from all prediction tools showed that the model produces the best predictive results in almost all cases is SMN-PSO model in terms of both criteria. In addition, the genetic algorithm was utilized for SMN-PSO model results to find the optimum values of the study. Thus, without the need to perform many different experiments, the optimum parameter values can be determined to get maximum removal ratios.
Somatic Distress, Mental Health and Psychological Resilience Among Cancer Patients During the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sağaltıcı Eser , Sönmez Özcan , Karcı Ebru , Şahin Şengül Kocamer , Ertürk Arzu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective

The current researches during COVID-19 have not yet addressed somatic distress among cancer patients. The aims of this study are to investigate the somatic distress and psychological symptoms levels of cancer patients, and analyze the influencing factors on somatic distress during the pandemic.
Methods

This cross-sectional study included consecutively selected 216 eligible cancer patients. The Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5, The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Stressful Life Events List due to Pandemic and, demographic and clinical characteristics form were administered to the participants with face to face interviewing.
Results

The moderate to severe somatic distress rate was % 38 and probable PTSD rate was 20.4%. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were 36.1%, 49.1% and 45.4%, respectively, from mild to extremely severe at any level. There were substantial association between somatic symptoms severity and high PTSD, anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms levels. Low educations levels, high anxiety levels, high experience stressful life events, and low psychological resilience predicted high somatic distress levels.
Conclusion

This study demonstrates the high risk of somatic distress, PTSD, depression, anxiety and stress in patients with cancer during the pandemic. In addition, somatic distress may indicate high levels of psychological symptoms, high experience stressful life events, and low psychological resilience. It underscores the need to assess psychological status during the pandemic, especially those with high level somatic symptoms.
Factors Related to Specialized Palliative Care Use and Aggressive Care at End of Life in Japanese Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers: A Cohort Study
Authors: Hiratsuka Yusuke , Oishi Takayuki , Miyashita Mitsunori , Morita Tatusya , Mack Jennifer W , Sato Yuko , Takahashi Masahiro , Komine Keigo , Saijo Ken , Ishioka Chikashi , Inoue Akira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose:This study aimed to identify factors associated with specialized palliative care (SPC) use and aggressive care at the end of life (EOL) among Japanese patients with advanced cancer. Methods:This single-center, follow-up cohort study involved patients with advanced cancer who received chemotherapy at Tohoku University Hospital. Patients were surveyed at enrollment, and we followed clinical events for 5 years from enrollment in the study. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent factors related to SPC use and chemotherapy in the last month before death.Results:We analyzed a total of 135 patients enrolled between January 2015 and January 2016. No patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and few received resuscitation or ventilation. We identified no factors significantly associated with SPC use. Meanwhile, younger age (20–59 years, odds ratio [OR] 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–12.91; p=0.02) and no receipt of SPC (OR 4.32; 95% CI 1.07–17.37; p=0.04) were associated with chemotherapy in the last month before death.Conclusion:Younger age and a lack of SPC were associated with chemotherapy at the EOL in patients with advanced cancer in Japan. These findings suggest that Japanese patients with advanced cancer may benefit from access to SPC.
Single-Stage Biofilm-Based Total Nitrogen Removal in a Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor: Impact of Aeration Mode, HRT and Scouring Intensity
Authors: mehrabi Sadaf , Houweling Dwight , Dagnew Martha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High energy costs, organic carbon availability, and space limitation are some of the barriers faced by wastewater treatment processes. This research investigates the impact of membrane aeration mode, scouring intensity, and loading rate in a single-stage total nitrogen removal process in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR). Under ammonia loading of 2.7 g N/m2.d, continuous process aeration led to 1.7 g NH4-N/m2.d and 0.8 g TN/m2.d removal, respectively. Conversely, intermittent (5/12 min on/off) aeration resulted in 35% less ammonia removal but 34% higher total nitrogen (TN) removal. The MABR under ammonia load of 1.6 g N/m2.d showed an enhanced effluent quality with an average of 2.5 mg/L effluent ammonia concentration. This finding highlights the nitrification potential of a flow-through MABR as a standalone treatment step without any downstream process. Also, slough-off, a common issue in the biofilm process and was hypothesized to reduce the removal efficiency, showed increased ammonia removal rates by 20%. The microbial analysis indicated the dominant AOB and NOB species as Nitrosomonas spp. and Nitrospira spp, respectively. Moreover, the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria (40.5%) were found twice in intermittently-aerated MABR compared to the continuously-aerated one (20.5%). However, NOB and denitrifying bacteria relative abundances were comparable where continuous air was supplied.
Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor is Associated with Increased Risk of Metastasis in NSCLC Patients Following Postoperative Chemotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yong , Fang Chen , Yuan Shangkun , Chen Renfang , Chen Lin , Qiu Xiaotong , Qian Xiaoying , Zhang Xinwei , Xiao Zhehao , Wang Qian , Fu Biqi , Song Xiaoling , Li Yong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), which can reduce neutropenia events, is widely used in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, the effects of rhG-CSF on distant organ metastasis (DOM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following postoperative chemotherapy remain unclear.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on NSCLC patients who suffered complete surgical resection and postoperative system chemotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2017. The effect of rhG-CSF on DOM was assessed, regulating with other confounding factors using Cox regression analyses.Results: We identified 307 NSCLC patients who received postoperative system chemotherapy (n=246 rhG-CSF group, n=61 No rhG-CSF group). The incidence of DOM in postoperative NSCLC patients with rhG-CSF treatment was observably higher than without rhG-CSF (48.3% vs. 27.9%, p<0.05). Univariate regression analysis revealed that rhG-CSF and clinical stage were the independent risk factor of Metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p<0.05). rhG-CSF users had a higher risk of DOM (adjusted HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.31-4.15) than nonusers of rhG-CSF. The association between rhG-CSF and risk of DOM was significant only among patients presenting with myelosuppression (HR: 3.34, 95% CI: 1.86-6.02), not among those without myelosuppression (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.17-2.94, Interaction p-value<0.01). The risk increased with higher dosage density of rhG-CSF use, comparing those using rhG-CSF versus no users (p for trend<0.001).Conclusion These analyses indicated that rhG-CSF use is related to DOM following postoperative chemotherapy in NSCLC.
Epidemic Trend of Dental Fluorosis in Mainland China, 1995-2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhan Yuzhen , Xiong Lianjie , Gong Zhoujie , Xu Ting , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this system review and meta-analysis was to explore the epidemiological characteristics of dental fluorosis in mainland China from 1995 to 2020. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Chinese Wan Fang database, and VIP database. Subgroup analyses were done to explore epidemic tread of dental fluorosis (gender, location, survey year and geographical distribution) with the help of relative software. Forty-one publications were included in this study. The overall prevalence was 23.6%, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis increased from 18.8% during 1995–1999 to 34.3% during 2010–2014, while it decreased to 20.5% during 2015–2019. There was no significant difference in prevalence between boys (15.7%) and girls (15.2%) (RR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07); and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in rural areas (14.5%) was slightly higher than those in urban areas (12.7%) (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.76–1.13). The prevalence before (63.3%) and after (34.7%) water improvement showed a great benefit of fluoride reduction policy. Result of this meta-analysis provides evidence enable governments taking effective measures to control dental fluorosis.
Strong specific anti-viral responses in pediatric COVID-19 patients in South Brazil
Authors: Fazolo Tiago , Lima Karina , Fontoura Julia , de Souza Priscila , Hilario Gabriel , Zorzetto Renata , Júnior Luiz Rodrigues , Pscheidt Veridiane , Neto Jayme Ferreira , Haubert Alisson , Gambin Izza , Oliveira Aline , Mello Raissa , Gutierres Matheus Balbe e , Gassen Rodrigo , Sartor Ivaine , Zavaglia Gabriela , Fernandes Ingrid , Varela Fernanda , Polese-Bonatto Márcia , Borges Thiago , Callegari-Jacques Sidia , Costa Marcela da , Schwartz Jaqueline , Scotta Marcelo , Stein Renato T. Stein , Bonorino Cristina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Epidemiological evidence that COVID-19 manifests as a milder disease in children compared to adults has been reported by numerous studies, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been characterized. It is still unclear how frequently children get infected, and/or generate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. We have performed immune profiling of pediatric and adult COVID-19 patients in Brazil, producing over 38 thousand data points, asking if cellular or humoral immune responses could help explain milder disease in children. In this study, pediatric COVID-19 patients presented high viral titers. Though their non-specific immune profile was dominated by naive, non-activated lymphocytes, their dendritic cells expressed high levels of HLA-DR and were low in CX3CR1, indicating competence to generate immune responses that are not targeted to inflamed tissue. Finally, children formed strong specific antibody and T cell responses for viral structural proteins. Children’s T cell responses differed from adults in that their CD8+ TNFα+ T cell responses were low for S peptide but significantly higher against N and M peptide pools. Altogether, our data support a scenario in which SARS-CoV-2 infected children may contribute to transmission, though generating strong and differential responses to the virus that might associate with protection in pediatric COVID-19 presentation.
Efficient in vitro plant regeneration from leaf derived callus and genetic fidelity assessment of an endemic medicinal plant of Ranunculus wallichianus Wight &amp; Arnn using RAPD and ISSR markers
Authors: P Srinivasan , H David Raja , R Tamilvanan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ranunculus wallichianus is a medicinally important plant and an endemic species to Western Ghats of South India. An efficient and reliable indirect regeneration protocol system for R. wallichianus was developed from leaf explants in the present investigation. Leaf explants were cultured on both full-strength and half-strength MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium supplemented with different concentrations (1.0 mg L− 1 to 3.0 mg L− 1) of 2,4-D and NAA. Among the different concentrations tested, the highest percentage of yellowish green compact nodular callus formation was observed on half-strength MS medium with 2.0 mg L− 1 of 2, 4-D. Then, the in vitro raised organogenic callus was cultured on half strength MS medium containing various concentrations (1.0 mg L− 1 to 3.0 mg L− 1) of BA, KIN and TDZ with 0.5 mg L− 1 NAA and 10% CW for in vitro shoot regeneration. The highest percentage of regeneration response (97%) and maximum number of shoots formation (11.1 ± 0.13 shoots/culture with 9.2 ± 0.35 cm mean shoot length) were obtained from MS medium containing 2.5 mg L− 1 BA with 0.5 mg L− 1 NAA and 10% CW. The well elongated in vitro raised shoots were rooted in half strength MS medium with 2.5 mg L− 1 IBA + 250 mg L− 1 activated charcoal shows high frequency of root formation. The well rooted plantlets were successfully hardened and acclimatized with the survival rate of 94%. Clonal fidelity of in vitro raised plantlets was assessed by using DNA based RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The total of 56 and 47 monomorphic bands were obtained from RAPD and ISSR markers respectively. This present in vitro propagation protocol system could be an effective for the conservation of R. wallichianus with their genetic purity and its further investigations.
The First Line Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic BRAF Mutant Melanoma: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Zhenyi , Zhong Wen , Wen Ping , Luo Yixuan , Wu Chunli 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The treatments for advanced or metastatic BRAF mutant melanoma are flourish, but the most effective treatment is unclear. Here, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) in unresectable stage III or advanced (or metastatic) stage IV BRAF mutant melanoma patients to estimate the efficacy of various first line treatments.Methods: A comprehensive search for RCTs in PubMed and EMBASE was conducted to January 2021. Randomized control trials of unresectable stage III or advanced stage IV BRAF mutant melanoma were eligible if not receive previously treatment. By a Bayesian network meta-analysis, the effectiveness of each treatment was estimated and ranked based on the odds ratio (OR) for Object response rate (ORR) and hazard ratio (HR) for Overall survival (OS).Results: Eight trials enrolling 3272 patients were included. Combination dabrafenib and trametinib with pembrolizumab (HR: 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21-0.66; compared with dacarbazine) ranked as the best effective treatment for OS.Conclusion: Combination pembrolizumab with trametinib and dabrafenib and combination atezolizumab with trametinib and dabrafenib appear more effective as first line treatments for unresectable stage III or advanced (or metastatic) stage IV BRAF mutant melanoma patients. Whereas, further RCTs are needed to complete the network.