bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations on high pressure assisted waste mix cooking oil powered biodiesel fuelled CRDI engine and injection parameter studies
Authors: Kiran C H , Ganesh D B , Banapurmath N R , Ganachari Sharanabasava V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The worldwide market estimation of biodiesel is extended to outperform in future. The developing conspicuousness of biofuels as an alternative source instead of customary petroleum products is the critical factor to enhance the market development. Expanding use of biodiesel in power age and automotive fuels is likewise extended to enhance market development over the estimate time frame. For single injection strategies adopted on the performance evaluation of CRDI facility operated engine fueled with waste mix cooking oil (WMCO) B20 blend comparing with the neat Diesel Extraction of Biodiesel from WMCO collected from local area through transesterification test rig is satisfactory. Properties of B20 WMCO biodiesel were determined using ASTM standards were comparable to Diesel fuel. Single injection assisted CRDI engine fuel injection at optimized conditions showed improved overall engine performance at 80% and 100% engine loading operation respectively. For Diesel and B20 WMCO biodiesel, IT of 10ObTDC, IP of 900 bar, and with more number of holes showed excellent performance and were selected as optimized parameters. Retarding the IT from 15° to 10°bTDC increases BTE and reduced emission except for NOx and lower ID, CD and PP, HRR are increased respectively. With keeping IT of 10°bTDC and increasing IP from 600 bar to 900 bar led to further improvement in overall engine performance. Finally increasing the injector holes from 5 to 8 result in the enhanced engine performance with both Diesel and Biodiesel respectively.
Experimental Investigation of Nickel Oxide Nanomaterials with n-Pentane Diesel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Navinprasad A T , Prakash R , Yoganandh J , Meenakshipriya B , Ramakrishnan K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The non-renewable energy sources are depleting at higher manner because of greater energy demand. Alternative fuel is a replacement for diesel fuel in compressed ignition engines because of its significant environmental benefits. The use of alternative fuel leads to a reduction in Opacity, NOX, HC and CO emissions and the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in brake thermal efficiency on diesel engines without any modification. The addition of nanoparticles in alternative fuel increases the thermal efficiency and decreases the NOX emission. In this research work, the effect of nano-fuel additives Nickel Oxide (NiO2) on the performance and emission characteristics of n-Pentane alternative fuel in a single cylinder, four strokes, water cooled, and compression injection diesel engine is studied. The nano additives are prepared by precipitation method. The results obtained in particle size below 200 nm, the nanoparticles are characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction. The nanoparticles are dispersed with the alternative fuel by using Ultrasonicator and Magnetic stirrer. The results proved that, these additives will be preferred for reducing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and Nitrogen oxides emission. If the additives are added in the alternative fuel at appropriate proportion, it increases the engine combustion and performance characteristics. This nano-additive is used to reduce the fuel consumption and to improve the thermal efficiency during the experiment.
Stress-strain and absorption of lightweight concrete with artificial lightweight aggregate from diatomaceous earth
Authors: Hasan M , Putra R , Saidi T , Jamil M , Husna N , Syukranlillah M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lightweight concrete can be produced by using artificial lightweight aggregate (ALWA). Diatomaceous earth has extremely low density therefore can be used as a raw material to make ALWA. It is important to understand a stress-strain relationship of materials before they can be used as structural members. This paper presents the stress-strain of lightweight concrete with ALWA from diatomaceous earth based on the experimental observation. In addition, the relationship between the absorption of the lightweight concrete and the immersion time is also presented. Two types of ALWA were produced which are the ALWA made of diatomaceous earth only and the ALWA with the addition of 5% sawdust. A polynomial model of the stress-strain curve was proposed for lightweight concrete containing a different type of ALWA. The absorption of lightweight concrete with ALWA containing sawdust was higher than that of diatomaceous earth only.
Walkability level study in Kota Tua area of Meulaboh district
Authors: Juhardi L , Izziah  , Anggraini R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The pedestrian pathway is a facility for pedestrians and also as a means of connecting one region to another on the side of the main road. The case study in this research is in the Kota Tua area of Meulaboh National Road and Teuku Umar Street. As an old city this location has historical value so it attracts people to come. At this location there is also a hawker and culinary center so this location will be crowded to visit. This study was conducted to determine the walkability index of the pedestrian pathway to be studied. Based on the results of observations made, the pedestrian lane in this Kota Tua has a lack of facilities and infrastructure that supports comfort for users. This study uses a mixed-method method where field observations will be conducted to assess the conditions of the pedestrian path. Based on observations made, the results of the walkability index on the National Road, Jalan Iskandar Muda, and Jalan Teuku Umar were declared uncomfortable. Whereas the Area Walkability Index value of 45.75 means it is uncomfortable. Based on the above calculation, the pedestrian path is declared uncomfortable to pass. In order for pedestrian lanes to be comfortable when traversed it is necessary to arrange pedestrian lanes so that pedestrian lanes are comfortable to pass. The structuring carried out refers to Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 3 of 2014.
Priority of provincial road maintenance in Kabupaten Aceh Besar based on analytic hierarchy process method
Authors: Risdiawati  , Saleh S M , Isya M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Road damage that has occurred on several roads has caused enormous losses, especially for road users, such as long travel times, congestion, accidents, and others. It is necessary to pay attention to this so that there is no deterioration in road quality due to road surface damage so that it can affect safety, comfort, and smoothness of traffic. Therefore, researchers damaged road surface conditions, which can affect the travel time of the vehicle. The purpose of this research is to identify the type and level of road damage and to determine road-handling priorities. The results of calculating the condition of each provincial road section in the Aceh Besar District using the PCI method are included in the very good, good and moderate categories, so that the type of handling can be determined is routine maintenance. From the results of the analysis of respondents by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), said that the priority road-handling by using several criteria, namely: the order of 1 is the type of treatment with a weight of 0.47, then the second is the condition of the road with a weight of 0.37, then the third-order is accessibility with a weight of 0.12, and the fourth place is a land use with a weight of 0.04. As for the alternative road-handling priority obtained a score’s greatest at road Keutapang Dua - Mata Ie with the acquisition of a score of 0.34, then alternate both at road Batas Kota Banda Aceh - Sp. Lam Ateuk 0.32, the third alternative on road Ir. M. Thaher 0.26, for the fourth alternative on road Sp. Lamreueng-Sp. Cot Iri 0.06, the fifth alternative on road Kota Jantho-Alue Glong 0.011, the sixth alternative on road Bts. Banda Aceh-Blang Bintang 0.010, and for the seventh alternative on road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie with a score of 0.003. The first priority for road handling based on an assessment of road conditions using the PCI method is road Krueng Raya - Batas Pidie section.
Environmental adaptation and hazard reduction strategies in relocation housing development by its occupants case: Indo-Tiongkok housing, Neuheun Aceh Besar
Authors: Wulandari E , Zahriah  , Fuadi Z 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The construction of relocation housing is a form of housing assistance for victims of the 2004 tsunami, with various environmental designs. Indo-Tiongkok housing (Jacky Chan housing) is one of the relocation housing in the Neuheun area, designed with an approach adjusting the hilly topography. The disadvantage of building on contoured land is that it is susceptible to local erosion, which can damage buildings on the land (roads and buildings). This study reveals the phenomenon of environmental adaptation strategies by the community to reduce the risk of hazards in their home environment, and this is important to disclose to find out people’s attitudes and actions in maintaining the sustainability of their living space. The research method was in-depth interviews with the community to understand the understanding of environmental hazards and community strategies in reducing the risk of dangers that might occur. The information required relates to 2 things: 1) types of environmental hazards, risks, and patterns of threats; 2) attitudes and strategies of society to overcome these dangers. The results showed that the community understands the risk of hazards logically, by looking at signs of natural elements such as traces of erosion, and the impact on artificial elements (houses, soil, yard boundaries). The community strategy to reduce the risk of hazards is to combine various factors from engineering aspects (building materials and techniques), economic aspects, and suitability aspects of plant selection. Results showed that the strategy for adaptation patterns to the environment would appear in each occupant according to their problems and abilities so that the results of the appearance of the residential environment design would vary. This is so unique in the culture of living in each place, which will distinguish it from other places.
Characterization and utilization of coconut coir and bentonite-based adsorbents for removal of lead metal ion from hazardous liquid waste
Authors: Mariana  , Mulana F , I Perkasa B , T Muhamad A F 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAdsorbent is one of the most commonly used materials because of its high adsorption effectiveness. However, adsorption with one type of adsorbent causes a lower adsorption efficiency. This study aims to determine the characterization of adsorbents from coconut coir and bentonite-based adsorbents and the combined adsorbent from coconut coir charcoal and bentonite and to examine the adsorption capacity of lead metal ion on these adsorbents. The types of adsorbents used in this study were coconut coir charcoal without activation, coconut coir charcoal with activation, pure bentonite, bentonite with activation, and combination of activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30. The research was initiated with pyrolysis of coconut coir at temperature of 400°C, then activated chemically with 0.3 M HCl solution. The resulting adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphological structure, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FTIR) to determine the functional groups, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystalline structure. Then the adsorption of lead metal ions was carried out by using these adsorbents. The results showed that the best adsorption efficiency is by adsorbent combination of activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30. The adsorption efficiency of lead metal ions using activated coir adsorbents: activated bentonite (70:30) is 35.0%. The activated coconut coir charcoal: activated bentonite with mass ratio of 70:30 has the largest adsorption capacity of lead metal ions which is 182.71 mg/gr.
Characterization of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane entrapping with ginger extract (GE) as a green additive
Authors: Fahrina A , Arahman N , Mulyati S , Aprilia S , Bilad M R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The hydrophilicity of the membrane surface plays an essential role in improving membrane filtration performance. Better hydrophilicity could facilitate higher water permeation and prevent fouling phenomena. In this research, a green additive from ginger extract (GE) was employed to improve the polyethersulfone (PES) membrane hydrophilicity. The PES/GE membrane was fabricated via the phase inversion method by dispersing GE powder in PES/NMP solution using sonication followed by mechanical stirred. The influence of ginger extract (GE) on the PES membrane was characterized in terms of hydrophilicity, morphological structure, porosity, water permeation, chemical composition, and mechanical property. Water contact angle measurements showed that PES/GE membrane with 0.1% GE has the highest hydrophilicity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicated a porous finger-like structure on the cross-section membrane after the addition of GE.
Molecular docking study of fatty acids from Pliek U Oil in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 protein and enzymes
Authors: Khairan K , Idroes R , Tumilaar S G , Tallei T E , Idroes G M , Rahmadhany F , Futri M U , Dinura N M , Mauliza S , Diana M , Maisarah C P , Maulana A , Noviandy T R , Suhendra R , Muslem  , Earlia N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the fatty acidinPliek Uoil andevaluate its inhibitor potential based on the interaction to several proteins and enzymes in SARS-CoV-2 using the in silico approach.Pliek Uoil containing capric acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acids, with oleic acid as a dominant substance. Molecular docking analysis showed that linoleic acid has the best interaction to the receptors with the lowest binding affinity to 3CLpro (6LU7), Spike protein (6VXX), PLpro (6WX4), RdRp (6M71), E protein (5X29), and Spike Ectodomain Structure (6VYB) of -4.9, -5.8, -4.7, -4.3, -5.3 and -5.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The finding suggests that the binding of linoleic acid to the SARS-CoV-2 protein and enzyme may cause impairment of viral attachments to host cells, thus reducing infectivity in COVID-19 patients.
Identification of Gayo arabic coffee beans and powder using the FTIR-PCA combination method
Authors: Akbar Z , Idroes R , Ginting B , Karma T , Rahimah S , Helwani Z , Yusuf M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe identification of Gayo Arabica coffee beans and coffee powder has been done to classify coffee plantation from several different regions using FTIR Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Samples were taken by purposive sampling from the Arabica coffee plantations in Pegasing, Jagong, and Celala areas, Aceh Tengah Regency, and also in Bandar, Permata, and Wih Pesam areas, Bener Meriah Regency. FTIR analyzed both the dry Gayo Arabica coffee beans and powder in the wavelength range of 4000 cm−1-400 cm−1. The spectra resulted were analyzed using PCA. FTIR spectra show the absorption of typical functional groups of caffeine, namely O-H (3400 cm−1), C-H aromatic (2900 cm−1), C-H aliphatic (2800 cm−1), C=O (1743 cm−1), C=C ( 1640 cm−1), C=C aromatic (1550 cm−1), C-H alkanes (1450 cm−1) and C-N (1240 cm−1). There was a loss of absorption of C=O and C-N groups in coffee powder samples from the Pegasing, Jagong, and Permata areas caused by high-temperature heating during the coffee powder making process. The PCA showed that coffee bean samples could be distinguished properly based on the coffee origin location, namely Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah Regencies. Meanwhile, coffee powder samples showed poor separation of PCA plot patterns between coffee powder from the two regions. It can be concluded that the PCA method can be used for the classification of both Gayo Arabica coffee beans and powder, where the classification of beans is better than powder.
Joint relay selection and energy harvesting to improve performance of cooperative communication systems
Authors: Berutu E , Muharar R , Nasaruddin N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on a combining relay selection with energy harvesting (EH), known as joint relay selection with EH (JRSEH), to improve performance in wireless cooperative communication systems. Previous research was examined performance improvement with relay selection (RS) techniques without combined with EH (RS non-EH). This study aims to improve the performance by applying EH and the RS in the cooperative communication system. In the system, a source selects the best relay from several relays that produce the highest SNR value at the destination. The selected best relay performs EH based on time switching. Then, the best relay with EH obtains the power to forward information to the destination using the Amplify and Forward (AF) relay scheme. The channel from source to relay is Rician fading, and from the relay to a destination is Rayleigh fading. The research method used is system modeling and analysis of computer simulations. The system performance is calculated based on the bit error rate (BER) and the throughput in a multi-relay cooperative system with EH and RS. The results show that the performance of the proposed JRSEH higher than that of RS non-EH, multi-relay EH, and multi-relay non-EH.
Performance analysis of mAlexnet by training option and activation function tuning on parking images
Authors: Rahman S , Ramli M , Arnia F , Muharar R , Sembiring A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information on the availability of parking spaces is one of the main needs in urban areas. This information can minimize the impact of vehicle growth, including exhaust gas emissions, traffic jams, and fuel use. In general, the detection of parking space availability can be done in two ways, namely the sensor system and computer vision. Computer vision monitoring of parking spaces is more promising for use in the future. A single-camera can monitor multiple parking spaces by making use of computer vision. CNN is a technique for parking space classification. CNN’s pre-trained dedicated to parking space classification is mAlexnet. mAlexnet can classify parking spaces well, but not perfect. in this paper, we try to observe and improve the performance of mAlexnet. We tried training options and activation function tuning. From the results of testing the combination of SGDM training option and the LeakyReLu activation function, the performance of mAlexnet improves.
Root hairs are the most important root trait for rhizosheath formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)
Authors: Burak Emma , Quinton John N , Dodd Ian C 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Rhizosheaths are defined as the soil adhering to the root system after it is extracted from the ground. Root hairs and mucilage (root exudates) are key root traits involved in rhizosheath formation, but to better understand the mechanisms involved their relative contributions should be distinguished.

Methods
The ability of three species [barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu)] to form a rhizosheath in a sandy loam soil was compared with that of their root-hairless mutants [bald root barley (brb), maize root hairless 3 (rth3) and root hairless 1 (Ljrhl1)]. Root hair traits (length and density) of wild-type (WT) barley and maize were compared along with exudate adhesiveness of both barley and maize genotypes. Furthermore, root hair traits and exudate adhesiveness from different root types (axile versus lateral) were compared within the cereal species.

Key Results
Per unit root length, rhizosheath size diminished in the order of barley &gt; L. japonicus &gt; maize in WT plants. Root hairs significantly increased rhizosheath formation of all species (3.9-, 3.2- and 1.8-fold for barley, L. japonicus and maize, respectively) but there was no consistent genotypic effect on exudate adhesiveness in the cereals. While brb exudates were more and rth3 exudates were less adhesive than their respective WTs, maize rth3 bound more soil than barley brb. Although both maize genotypes produced significantly more adhesive exudate than the barley genotypes, root hair development of WT barley was more extensive than that of WT maize. Thus, the greater density of longer root hairs in WT barley bound more soil than WT maize. Root type did not seem to affect rhizosheath formation, unless these types differed in root length.

Conclusions
When root hairs were present, greater root hair development better facilitated rhizosheath formation than root exudate adhesiveness. However, when root hairs were absent root exudate adhesiveness was a more dominant trait.
Gene expression underlying floral epidermal specialization in Aristolochia fimbriata (Aristolochiaceae)
Authors: Suárez-Baron Harold , Alzate Juan F , González Favio , Pelaz Soraya , Ambrose Barbara A , Pabón-Mora Natalia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The epidermis constitutes the outermost tissue of the plant body. Although it plays major structural, physiological and ecological roles in embryophytes, the molecular mechanisms controlling epidermal cell fate, differentiation and trichome development have been scarcely studied across angiosperms, and remain almost unexplored in floral organs.

Methods
In this study, we assess the spatio-temporal expression patterns of GL2, GL3, TTG1, TRY, MYB5, MYB6, HDG2, MYB106-like, WIN1 and RAV1-like homologues in the magnoliid Aristolochia fimbriata (Aristolochiaceae) by using comparative RNA-sequencing and in situ hybridization assays.

Key Results
Genes involved in Aristolochia fimbriata trichome development vary depending on the organ where they are formed. Stem, leaf and pedicel trichomes recruit most of the transcription factors (TFs) described above. Conversely, floral trichomes only use a small subset of genes including AfimGL2, AfimRAV1-like, AfimWIN1, AfimMYB106-like and AfimHDG2. The remaining TFs, AfimTTG1, AfimGL3, AfimTRY, AfimMYB5 and AfimMYB6, are restricted to the abaxial (outer) and the adaxial (inner) pavement epidermal cells.

Conclusions
We re-evaluate the core genetic network shaping trichome fate in flowers of an early-divergent angiosperm lineage and show a morphologically diverse output with a simpler genetic mechanism in place when compared to the models Arabidopsis thaliana and Cucumis sativus. In turn, our results strongly suggest that the canonical trichome gene expression appears to be more conserved in vegetative than in floral tissues across angiosperms.