bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A possible solution to the Milky Way’s binary-deficient retrograde stellar population
Authors: Marks Michael , Kroupa Pavel , Dabringhausen Jörg 
Published: December 2021

Context. The fraction of field binaries on retrograde orbits about the Milky Way is significantly lower compared to its prograde counterpart. Chemical and dynamical evidence suggests that the retrograde stellar population originates from ω Centauri, which is either the most massive globular cluster (GC) of the Milky Way or the putative core of a former dwarf galaxy.
Aims. Star formation conditions required to produce the retrograde binary population are constrained assuming that the retrograde stellar population originates from ω Centauri’s progenitor.
Methods. We match the observed low binary fraction with dynamical population synthesis models, including a universal initial binary population and dynamical processing in star clusters, making use of the publicly available binary population synthesis tool BIPOS1.
Results. It is found that either the GC progenitor of ω Cen must have formed with a stellar density of ≈108 M⊙ pc−3 or the ω Centauri dwarf galaxy’s progenitor star cluster population must have formed in an extreme starburst with a star formation rate exceeding 1000 M⊙ yr−1 and probably a top-heavy embedded-cluster mass function with suppressed low-mass cluster formation. The separation and mass-ratio distribution for retrograde field binaries are predicted for comparison with future observations.
Conclusions. A viable solution for the deficiency of binaries on retrograde orbits is presented, and star formation conditions for ω Centauri as well as orbital parameter distributions for the Milky Way’s retrograde binary population are predicted. The dwarf galaxy origin for ω Centauri is tentatively preferred within the present context.
Rheumatologie und Hepatologie
interdisziplinär
Authors: Kunkel Jan , Schott Eckart 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungRheumatologische und hepatologische Erkrankungen haben einige
Überschneidungen, die für Behandler aus beiden Disziplinen
relevant sind. In dieser Übersicht wird ein Schlaglicht auf 2
Erkrankungen geworfen, die sich an der Schnittstelle befinden: Arthropathie bei
Hämochromatose und Systemische Sklerose bei Primär
Biliärer Cholangitis. Daneben werden hepatologische Fragestellungen bei
rheumatologischer Therapie beleuchtet.
Effekte einer oralen Mangansupplementierung mit unterschiedlichen Verbindungen auf die Mangankonzentrationen in Vollblut und Serum von Stuten und Saugfohlen
Authors: Theiner Elena , Weber Corinna , Müller Elisabeth , Venner Monica , Finkler-Schade Christa , Vervuert Ingrid 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Überprüfung von Effekten einer oralen Ergänzung von Mangan (Mn) auf die Mn-Konzentration im Blut laktierender Warmblutstuten und die Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen der Mn-Versorgung der Mutterstuten und ihrer Saugfohlen.
Material und Methoden Für die 90-tägige Fütterungssphase wurden laktierende Stuten in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt und erhielten täglich ein Placebo (n = 11) oder eine Mn-Zulage von 560 mg Mn als Mn-Sulfat (n = 11) oder Mn-Chelat (n = 11) zusätzlich zur Mn-Aufnahme aus der Grundration (Heu ad libitum, Totale Mischration: Mn-Aufnahme ~100 mg/kg Trockenmasse). In 14-tägigen Abständen wurden Blutproben von den Stuten und Fohlen entnommen. Die Mn-Bestimmung im Serum und Vollblut sowie in der Stutenmilch erfolgte mittels Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma, die Mn-Analyse in repräsentativen Futterproben mittels Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie. Zur Datenauswertung diente die Software IBM SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM Deutschland GmbH, Ehningen).
Ergebnisse Während der Supplementierung zeigten die Stuten im Vollblut (Median: 15,6 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 12,8–18,5 µg/l) 10-fach höhere Mn-Konzentrationen als im Serum (Median: 1,54 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 1,20–1,90 µg/l). Die Fohlen wiesen 16,4-fach höhere Mn-Konzentrationen im Vollblut (Median: 21,3 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 16,7–28,1 µg/l) im Vergleich zum Serum (Median: 1,50 µg/l; 25.–75. Perzentil: 1,30–1,70 µg/l) auf. Die Mn-Vollblutspiegel der Fohlen entsprachen der 1,6-fachen Mn-Konzentration ihrer Mutterstuten. Die Milch enthielt eine mediane Mn-Konzentration von 0,012 mg/kg Frischmasse. Die Mn-Supplementierung hatte keinen Effekt auf die Mn-Spiegel im Blut von Stuten und ihren Fohlen.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Die Mn-Supplementierung beeinflusste die Mn-Konzentrationen im Blut nicht, es unterschieden sich aber die Mn-Gehalte zwischen Serum und Vollblut. Ferner lagen die Mn-Spiegel im Vollblut der Fohlen höher als die der Stuten, obwohl die Mn-Konzentrationen – unabhängig von der Supplementierung – in der Stutenmilch niedrig waren. Aufgrund des geringen Mn-Gehalts der Milch ist eine Mn-Zufuhr, vorzugsweise über das Raufutter, notwendig, um die Mn-Versorgung der Fohlen sicherzustellen.
COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis, A New Incident in Recent Time: Is An Emerging Disease in The Near Future Impending?
Authors: Ray Suman Kumar , Mukherjee Sukhes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMucormycosis (also known as black fungus) is caused by fungi of the Zygomycetes class and is the third most common invasive mycosis after candidiasis and aspergillosis. They colonize a large number of patients without invading them. Systemic glucocorticoids are currently used to treat severe Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). In such patients, opportunistic fungal infections are a problem. Although COVID-19-related pulmonary aspergillosis is becoming more common, mucormycosis is still uncommon. Mucormycosis normally appears 10 to 14 days after being admitted to the hospital. Mucormycosis is a rare but dangerous infection that can make extreme COVID-19 worse.Mucormycosis is more likely to occur in people who have diabetes mellitus and other risk factors. Mucormycosis is most likely exacerbated by concurrent glucocorticoid treatment. To improve outcomes, a high index of suspicion and aggressive management is required. Excessive usage of steroids, monoclonal antibodies, and broad-spectrum antibiotics might cause the formation or worsen of a fungal infection.A high index of suspicion and aggressive management are needed. In patients with COVID-19 infection, physicians should be vigilant of the likelihood of subsequent invasive fungal infections. To enhance results in pulmonary mucormycosis, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Confirmation of the clinical form necessitates a combination of symptoms that are consistent with tissue invasion histologically. Combining various clinical data and the isolation of the fungus from clinical samples in culture is needed for the probable diagnosis of mucormycosis. The organism that causes mucormycosis is identified using macroscopic and microscopic morphological criteria, carbohydrate assimilation, and the maximum temperature at which they can expand. Mucormycosis must be treated with antifungal medication prescribed by a doctor. It may necessitate surgery in some circumstances, and it can result in the loss of the upper jaw and, in some situations, an eye.
Structured Reporting in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Authors: Kohli Ajay , Castillo Samantha , Thakur Uma , Chhabra Avneesh 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMusculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists are predominantly consultants in the service departments of health care. Unlike the manufacturing industry, quality controls are difficult to institute in a service industry and more variability is expected. Structured reporting is a unique way to institute quality standards, and by using the checklist approach with uniform terminology, it can lead to more homogeneity and consistency of reporting, concise lexicon use within and across practices, minimization of errors, enhancement of divisional and departmental branding, improvement of interdisciplinary communications, and future data mining. We share our experience from more than a decade of structured reporting in the domain of MSK radiology, our practice standards, and how reporting has evolved in our MSK practice. Further discussions include future directions aided by machine learning approaches with augmented reality and the possibility of virtual fellowship and training using consistent lexicons and structured reporting.
Successful Use of Inhalational Anesthesia and Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Child with New Onset Prolonged Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Sabharwal Ramakant , Sachdev Anil , Kumar Praveen , Mehta Rajiv , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe treatment of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) and prolonged SRSE rests on urgent seizure control to minimize excitotoxic cerebral damage, other forms of neurologic damage, and multiple medical complications. To date no randomized controlled trials or clear-cut guidelines are available for the management of SRSE. We reported the case of a 10-year-old previously healthy male child patient who presented with a febrile illness and new onset prolonged SRSE that became refractory to multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs). Coma induction with anesthetic agents, 14 ASMs, ketogenic diet, immunotherapy failed to completely control the SRSE in our patient. On day 22, clinical and electroencephalographic seizure control was achieved with isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, which was continued for 3 weeks but was unable to be weaned. From day 57 onwards, electroconvulsive therapy was administered (total 14 sessions that resulted in complete control of seizures). He was discharged on the 80th day.
Pulsed magnetic field generation system for laser-plasma research
Authors: Luchinin A. G. , Malyshev V. A. , Kopelovich E. A. , Burdonov K. F. , Gushchin M. E. , Morozkin M. V. , Proyavin M. D. , Rozental R. M. , Soloviev A. A. , Starodubtsev M. V. , Fokin A. P. , Fuchs J. , Glyavin M. Yu. 
Published: December 2021

An up to 15 T pulsed magnetic field generator in a volume of a few cubic centimeters has been developed for experiments with magnetized laser plasma. The magnetic field is created by a pair of coils placed in a sealed reservoir with liquid nitrogen, installed in a vacuum chamber with a laser target. The bearing body provides the mechanical strength of the system both in the case of co-directional and oppositely connected coils. The configuration of the housing allows laser radiation to be introduced into the working area between the coils in a wide range of directions and focusing angles, places targets away from the symmetry axis of the magnetic system, and irradiates several targets simultaneously.
A high performance active noise control system for magnetic fields
Authors: Pyragius Tadas , Jensen Kasper 
Published: December 2021

We present a system for active noise control of environmental magnetic fields based on a filtered-x least mean squares algorithm. The system consists of a sensor that detects the ambient field noise and an error sensor that measures the signal of interest contaminated with the noise. These signals are fed to an adaptive algorithm that constructs a physical anti-noise signal canceling the local magnetic field noise. The proposed system achieves a maximum of 35 dB root-mean-square noise suppression in the DC-1 kHz band and 55 and 50 dB amplitude suppression of 50 and 150 Hz AC line noise, respectively, for all three axial directions of the magnetic vector field.
Globalisation and public policy: bridging the disciplinary and epistemological boundaries
Authors: Lodhi Iftikhar 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTGlobalisation, the ever increasing economic and socio-political international interactions, poses challenges to public policy theory and practice. This paper aims to (a) draw an outline of a discussion and research agenda for theorizing the policy process under globalisation, by (b) identifying some theoretical consensus across disciplines and epistemological paradigms. The literature shows a consensus on ‘constrained’ state thesis and that globalisation affects all states through structural pressures as well as the neoliberal discourse. However, policy outcomes vary across states depending on their position in the international power structure and domestic adjustment costs. The paper concludes that policy studies shall focus on the changing functions and organisational forms of the state and explicitly incorporate domestic–international interactions into the theories of the policy process.
The Dantzig selector: recovery of signal via ℓ
1 − αℓ
2 minimization
Authors: Ge Huanmin , Li Peng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the paper, we proposed the Dantzig selector based on the ℓ
1 − αℓ
2 (0 < α ⩽ 1) minimization for the signal recovery. In the Dantzig selector, the constraint ‖
A

⊤
(
b
−
Ax
)‖∞ ⩽ η for some small constant η > 0 means the columns of
A
has very weakly correlated with the error vector
e
=
Ax
−
b
. First, recovery guarantees based on the restricted isometry property are established for signals. Next, we propose the effective algorithm to solve the proposed Dantzig selector. Last, we illustrate the proposed model and algorithm by extensive numerical experiments for the recovery of signals in the cases of Gaussian, impulsive and uniform noises. And the performance of the proposed Dantzig selector is better than that of the existing methods.
Multifractal analysis in non-uniformly hyperbolic interval maps
Authors: Ma Guanzhong , Shen Wenqiang , Yao Xiao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we establish a framework for the construction of Moran set driven by dynamics. Under this framework, we study the Hausdorff dimension of the generalized intrinsic level set with respect to the given ergodic measure in a class of non-uniformly hyperbolic interval maps with finitely many branches.
Maximisers for Strichartz inequalities on the torus
Authors: Adekoya Oreoluwa , Albert John P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We study the existence of maximisers for a one-parameter family of Strichartz inequalities on the torus. In general, maximising sequences can fail to be precompact in

L

2

(

T

)

, and maximisers can fail to exist. We provide a sufficient condition for precompactness of maximising sequences (after translation in Fourier space), and verify the existence of maximisers for a range of values of the parameter. Maximisers for the Strichartz inequalities correspond to stable, periodic (in space and time) solutions of a model equation for optical pulses in a dispersion-managed fiber.
KdV on an incoming tide
Authors: Laurens Thierry 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Given smooth step-like initial data V(0, x) on the real line, we show that the Korteweg–de Vries equation is globally well-posed for initial data

u

(

0
,
x

)

∈
V

(

0
,
x

)

+

H

−
1

(

R

)

. The proof uses our general well-posedness result (2021 arXiv:2104.11346). As a prerequisite, we show that KdV is globally well-posed for

H

3

(

R

)

perturbations of step-like initial data. In the case V ≡ 0, we obtain a new proof of the Bona–Smith theorem (Bona and Smith 1975 Trans. R. Soc. A
278 555–601) using the low-regularity methods that established the sharp well-posedness of KdV in H
−1 (Killip and Vişan 2019 Ann. Math.
190 249–305).
Singular solutions of the BBM equation: analytical and numerical study
Authors: Gavrilyuk Sergey , Shyue Keh-Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We show that the Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equation admits stable travelling wave solutions representing a sharp transition from a constant state to a periodic wave train. The constant state is determined by the parameters of the periodic wave train: the wave length, amplitude and phase velocity, and satisfies both the generalized Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for the exact BBM equation and for its wave averaged counterpart. Such stable shock-like travelling structures exist if the phase velocity of the periodic wave train is not less than the solution wave averaged. To validate the accuracy of the numerical method, we derive the (singular) solitary limit of the Whitham system for the BBM equation and compare the corresponding numerical and analytical solutions. We find good agreement between analytical results and numerical solutions.
Generic properties of free boundary problems in plasma physics*
Authors: Bartolucci Daniele , Hu Yeyao , Jevnikar Aleks , Yang Wen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We are concerned with the global bifurcation analysis of positive solutions to free boundary problems arising in plasma physics. We show that in general, in the sense of domain variations, the following alternative holds: either the shape of the branch of solutions resembles the monotone one of the model case of the two-dimensional disk, or it is a continuous simple curve without bifurcation points which ends up at a point where the boundary density vanishes. On the other hand, we deduce a general criterion ensuring the existence of a free boundary in the interior of the domain. Application to a classic nonlinear eigenvalue problem is also discussed.
Harnessing the potential of recently retired physics teachers to mentor new physics teachers
Authors: Cottle Daniel 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Three new physics teachers graduating from a university provider of initial teacher education in England were paired with a recently retired physics subject specialist teacher in order to provide informal mentoring during their first year of teaching. The aim of this was to explore if a mentoring intervention of this kind could support teacher knowledge growth of the new physics teachers and influence their retention in the teaching profession. Qualitative data from the study suggests that substantive content of the mentoring discussions that took place addressed issues of general pedagogy and pedagogical content knowledge. The retired teacher mentors were enthusiastic and able to act as mentors. Suggestions emerge for ways of facilitating the mentoring.
Aerodynamic improvement of Darrieus wind turbine
Authors: Goman Oleg , Dreus Andrii , Rozhkevych Anton , Heti Krystyna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Until recently, vertical-axis wind turbines are less extensively developed in wind energetics. At the same time, there are a number of advantages in turbines of such type like their independence from the change of wind direction, lower levels of aerodynamic and infrasound noises, higher structural reliability (compared to horizontal engines), etc. With these advantages, vertical-axis wind turbines demonstrate promising capacities. Inter alia, the productiveness of such turbines can be refined through the aerodynamic improvement of the structure and comprehensive optimization of the rotor geometry. The main purpose of the presented paper is to aerodynamically improve vertical wind turbine in order to increase the efficiency of wind energy conversion into electricity. Within the framework of the classical theory of impulses, this article presents a study of the effect of variation in Reynolds number on the general energy characteristics of a vertical-axis wind turbine with two blades. The integral approach makes it possible to use a single-disk impulse model to determine the main specific indicators of the system. The power factor was calculated based on the obtained value of the shaft torque factor, which in turn was determined by numerically integrating the total torque generated by the wind turbine. To calculate the test problem, we used the classic NACA airfoils: 0012, 0015, 0018 and 0021. The proposed calculation algorithm makes it possible not to indicate the Reynolds number and corresponding aerodynamic coefficients at the beginning of the calculation, but to recalculate it depending on the relative speed, position of the airfoil and the linear speed of the airfoil around the circumference. Proposed modern design techniques can be helpful for optimization of vertical wind turbines.
Design, modelling and optimisation of a small-scale Solar Organic Rankine Cycle system for rural power generation
Authors: Patiño L F , Azimov U , Tavera-Ruiz C P , Castellanos J M , Gauthier-Maradei P , Castro L 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research study develops the design and model of a Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) coupled to a bio-digester for small-scale generation in rural areas, in Betulia, Colombia. Moreover, the model is optimised employing a Genetic Algorithm with the software Matlab and the thermodynamic library CoolProp. The objective variables were the mass flow rate of the working fluid, the pressure and temperature of the expander inlet, the solar collectors’ type and the temperature of the water circuit for the bio-digester. The results indicate an overall efficiency between 8.42 and 9.45% with a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) between 3.85 and 5.63 £/W. Additionally, the power output is directly related to the mass flow rate of the working fluid. Likewise, increasing the scale of the SORC decreases the LCE. Finally, the results suggest that a superheated fluid reduces the efficiency and the LCE and can deliver more heat to the bio-digester. It is advisable the utilisation of a scroll expander and a counter-flow plate exchanger with a Direct Vapour Generation configuration. The model is a flexible tool capable of integrating more equations and components, with the evaluation of different fitness functions.
Use of renewable energies as part of the strategy to increase the access of energy to remote communities. A Colombian case: Isla Múcura
Authors: Gil Luis Miguel León , Gil Francisco Javier Amórtegui , Reyes Cristian David Rodríguez 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Use of renewable energies in remote places with no access to main electrical infrastructure becomes fundamental to guarantee equity as well as affordable and clean energy, impacting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). There is also fundamental correct and effective capacitation to operators, to avoid expected-lifetime reductions due to malfunctioning or maloperation. In this paper, the case of Isla Múcura is studied: Photovoltaic (PV) system and storage diagnosis, recovery and community capacitation activities were performed in a fishing and tourism-based community with no knowledge about electrical infrastructure. It was detected that correct capacitation and reliable information devices are fundamental to improve maintenance, operation, and management of the overall generation system
Influence of the volume of ascorbic acid in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles mediated by chemical pathway and its stability over time
Authors: Asmat-Campos D. , Delfin-Narciso D. , Juárez-Cortijo L. , Nazario-Naveda R. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the present investigation, the effect of ascorbic acid volume in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) mediated by chemical route and their stability over time was evaluated. For the synthesis, copper sulfate pentahydrate CuSO4 (5H2O) was used as a precursor agent and ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent. Cu NPs was characterized by the following techniques: UV-Visible spectrophotometry to evaluate structural changes that are evidenced in the absorbance peak and atomic absorption spectrophotometry to define nanoparticulate concentrations material in the precipitated and supernatant phases generated. On the methodology it was possible to observe a controlled formation based on the increase in the volume of ascorbic acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide, noticing a production of Cu nanostructures with a tendency to oxidation over time. The UV-visible results showed characteristic surface plasmon resonance peaks of metallic copper for the colloid containing 1.2 mL of A.A; as well as a specific copper concentration of 0.14 ppm in the supernatant and 1519.1 ppm in the precipitate. It is also evidenced that the solution exhibits a rapid reaction on exposure to air by shifting the absorbance peak to 386 nm. In addition, it does not present notable photosensitivity with respect to exposure to sunlight.