bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of Dyes from Wastewater of Artisanal Dyeing Plants by Adsorption in a Fixed Bed Column of Deactivated Lichens
Authors: Dobi-Brice Kouassi Kouadio , Zoungranan Yacouba , Yannick Dje Daniel , Lynda Ekou , Tchirioua Ekou 
Published: July 2021

Aims: Pollution by wastewaters from various urban activities such as artisanal dyeing plants is a real problem for developing countries. The treatment of wastewater by the adsorption method is carried out by means of less expensive and available adsorbent media. Two techniques of the adsorption method are possible: adsorption in continuous mode (column adsorption) and adsorption in discontinuous mode (batch adsorption). The choice of the continuous adsorption technique is justified by its ability to process large volumes of solutions. In this study, dyes contained in wastewater from artisanal dyeing plants were removed by continuous adsorption in a fixed-bed column of deactivated lichen biomass (Parmotrema dilatatum).
Study Design: Random design
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Environmental Physico-Chemistry (University Nangui Abrogoua, Ivory Coast) between May 2020 and October 2020.
Methodology: Four (4) categories of wastewater were collected in artisanal cotton and leather dyeing plants through two municipalities of the city of Abidjan, economic capital of Ivory Coast. Two (2) wastewaters colored in blue from dyeing of cotton boubous and jeans and two (2) wastewaters colored in red from dyeing of leather jackets and bags. These wastewaters were treated through the fixed bed column of deactivated lichens. The column feed rate was set at 0, 07 L.min-1 and the adsorbent bed mass at 100 g.
Results: The study showed that, regardless of the nature of the dyed object and regardless of the target dye, the amount of dye adsorbed was better with waters of higher initial concentration. Thus the best amount of adsorbed dye is 44.444 mg.g-1 and the best removal rate is 97.9%. These values are obtained with the red wastewater of bags (RWB) treatment which was the most concentrated wastewater.
Conclusion: Good efficiency of deactivated lichen bed as adsorbent for the in situ removal of dyes from wastewater by continuous adsorption.
Residual Risk of HBV in African Blood Banks: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maulot-Bangola D. , Mangala C. , Fokam J. , Nkoa T. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Blood transfusions carry the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections. A precise estimate of the transfusion risk of viral infection will help to determine the effect of new and current safety measures in sub-Saharan Africa. This study proposes to estimate the residual risk of HBV in blood banks in African countries and to compare them to other countries in the South.
Methods: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Zotero were accessed. The eligibility criteria were based on published studies that had blood donors as participants, looking at the residual risk of HBV in developing countries and the technique was based on the search for HBsAg or Hepatitis B Core Antibodies or Nucleic Acid (DNA) testing. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias.
Results: Twelve articles comprising 71,207 allogeneic and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative blood donations were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 4912 HBsAg negative African donation including (51.0%) new donors and (49.0%) from regular donors. 80.8% of them were male and the median age was 28 years. Of 1225 HBV strains (47% and 53.4% incident cases) were frequencies in sub-Saharan Africa and in other Southern countries respectively. Considering the twelve participating blood centres as a whole, the incidence rate of new infections was high (4905.1) in sub-Saharan Africa than (869.7) in other Southern countries per 100,000 person-years. In contrast, the estimated residual risk in sub-Saharan Africa (5913 in 1 million donations) was five times higher than estimated in other Southern countries (1048.4 in 1 million donations).
Conclusion: Blood donations with HBsAg undetectable by routine testing and low levels of HBV DNA are extremely common in sub-Saharan Africa, at a rate of 5913 per 1 million donations. Given that at least several of these samples could reflect contamination or a false negative result, elimination of infection by a test limited to HBsAg does not prevent transmission.
Lymphangioma Presenting as Sudden Proptosis in a Toddler
Authors: Arvinth Rajagopal , Subrayan Visvaraja , Zahari Mimiwati , Narayanan Prepagaren , Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara 
Published: July 2021

Orbital lymphangioma commonly occurs in the first decade of life. It is usually congenital, slow growing and can lead to orbital haemorrhage, ptosis, orbital cellulitis, proptosis and compressive optic neuropathy. A 14-months-old male child was brought to the eye clinic with sudden protrusion of the left eye for the past two days. On examination of left eye, a non-axial, non-pulsatile proptosis with ptosis and inferior eyelid ecchymosis were noted. Anterior segment and fundus were normal. Pupil was normal and reacted briskly to light. Intraocular pressure measured with Tonopen was 16 mm Hg. Right eye: anterior segment, fundus, and intraocular pressure were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of orbits and brain showed left sided multicystic intraconal mass with area of haemorrhage. The diagnosis of left orbital lymphangioma was made. The initial treatment with Propranolol syrup did not reduce the proptosis. Left nasal endoscopic aspiration of blood and orbital decompression was done by the otolaryngologist. The child was followed up for one year and the proptosis was found to be reduced markedly on the left side. Although various modalities of treatment are available for this condition, unfortunately there are no definitive curative treatments currently. In view of its rarity, this case is reported.
Multi-Mean Scout Particle Swarm Optimization (MMSCPSO) based Reactive Power Optimization in Large-Scale Power Systems
Authors: Bananeza Christophe , Mugemanyi Sylvère , Nshimyumukiza Théogène , Niyodusenga Jean Marie Vianney , Munyaneza Jean De Dieu 
Published: July 2021

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based algorithm belonging into metaheuristic algorithms and it has been used since many decades for handling and solving various optimization problems. However, it suffers from premature convergence and it can easily be trapped into local optimum. Therefore, this study presents a new algorithm called multi-mean scout particle swarm optimization (MMSCPSO) which solves reactive power optimization problem in a practical power system. The main objective is to minimize the active power losses in transmission line while satisfying various constraints. Control variables to be adjusted are voltage at all generator buses, transformer tap position and shunt capacitor. The standard PSO has a better exploitation ability but it has a very poor exploration ability. Consequently, to maintain the balance between these two abilities during the search process by helping particles to escape from the local optimum trap, modifications were made where initial population was produced by tent and logistic maps and it was subdividing it into sub-swarms to ensure good distribution of particles within the search space. Beside this, the idle particles (particles unable to improve their personal best) were replaced by insertion of a scout phase inspired from the artificial bee colony in the standard PSO. This algorithm has been applied and tested on IEEE 118-bus system and it has shown a strong performance in terms of active power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement compared to the original PSO Algorithm, whereby the MMSCPSO algorithm reduced the active power losses at 18.681% then the PSO algorithm reduced the active power losses at 15.457%. Hence, the MMSCPSO could be a better solution for reactive power optimization in large-scale power systems.
Synthetic Advances against Coronaviruses: A Short Review of the Recent Literature on Newly Synthetized Derivatives and Recently Developed Strategies
Authors: Hussein Weiam , Alheibshy Fawaz , Alshammari Farhan 
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus pandemic is a modern social emergency and the biggest global challenge since the Second World War. Since the pandemic began in China at the end of 2019, the disease spread to every landmass except Antarctica. The effect of antiviral drugs on the new corona virus has been tested, but no basic and complete cure has been found, although there are many drugs such as interleukin-6 inhibitor, monoclonal antibody and corticosteroid which remarkably reduced mortality of critically ill COVID-19 patients in a major clinical trial. Although not enough experimental data has been released yet, many researchers have hailed the result as a step in the right direction. In this review, a series of the newly chemical derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against human coronavirus. Many derivatives found to be active in inhibiting the cellular infection of human coronavirus which causes the SARS-CoV-2pandemic. This mini- review summarizes the synthesis of these new antiviral derivatives that target coronaviruses and describes general current strategies and models for developing antiviral drugs. The review aims to provide a starting point for medicinal chemists to synthesize necessary and effective drugs against coronaviruses.
Biofilm Formation and Multiplex PCR detection of icaABCD Operon in Staphylococcus capitis
Authors: Abdul-Aziz Aziyah , Abdullah Mohamad Faiz Foong , Mohamad Sharifah Aminah Syed 
Published: July 2021

Aims: The ability to form biofilm is a major virulence factor in the virulence of the Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) group of bacteria. Being the most predominant member of CoNS, the ability of S. epidermidis in causing biofilm-associated infections has been well established. On the other hand, S. capitis and has always been regard as a non-pathogenic species although recently it was found to be responsible in a variety of infections. Hence, this study aimed to determine the biofilm formation capabilities and the presence of icaABCD genes in clinical isolates of S. capitis, which have emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in clinical settings.
Methodology: S. capitis was isolated and identified from 17 out of 200 clinical samples. Biofilm formation assay was performed quantitatively using a microtitre plate method. Mulitplex PCR primers for icaABCD genes were designed from DNA sequences coding for the icaA, B, C, and D structural genes of S capitis JF930147.1 which was compared together with five other species of Staphylococcus. Amplification of the icaABCD genes was performed using the designated primers.
Results: From the 17 strains of S. capitis clinical isolates, 14 were identified as S. capitis subsp capitis while the remaining three were identified as S. capitis subsp ureolyticus. Except for two of the S. capitis subsp capitis isolates, the remaining strains were able to form biofilm, with majority of them were strong biofilm formers. Multiplex PCR was successful in amplifying the four icaABCD genes which was demonstrated in all the S. capitis isolates, including the two non-biofilm forming isolates.
Conclusion: Majority of the S. capitis isolates were able to form biofilm phenotypically suggesting the possibility in causing opportunistic infections through indwelling medical devices. Multiplex PCR however was able to detect the presence of the icaABCD genes in all the S. capitis isolates. This suggests that the biofilm assessment on microtitre plate is not a definitive tool in determining the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) but the production of the icaABCD genes could be a better assessment in determining biofilm production in Staphylococcus.
Biological Activities of Ethanol Extract from Karanda (Carissa carandas L.) Fruits
Authors: Sudjaroen Yuttana , Petcharaporn Kanyapat , Moolwong Jutamas , Jodnok Khiseo , Kakatum Narin 
Published: July 2021

Carissa carandas L. fruits are is contain high amount of iron, vitamin C and pectin. These fruits have been applied for folk medicine in the reliving of human disorders; and reported for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and lipase 1 activity. Aims of this study were to determine antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammation activities of ethanol extract from karanda fruits. Fresh fruits were cleaned, air dried, and extracted with 95% ethanol by maceration. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid measurements (TFC) of karanda fruit extract was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and colorimetric method. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of extract was evaluated and compared with ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol, respectively. In vitro inflammatory activity was evaluated by monitoring of degraded-albumin reduction and compared with diclofenac diethylammonium. Anti-microbial activity of was evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus; and pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. TPC and TFC of ethanol extract were 11.39±0.18 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 9.15±1.31 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g, respectively. DPPH and NO radical scavenging activities of karanda fruit extract were preferable (IC50 = 0.56±0.05 and 50.95±14.29 mg/ml). However, this extract was poorly inhibited lipid peroxidation (IC50 > 1,000 mg/ml), and lack of anti-inflammation activity. Karanda fruit extract was slightly inhibited S. mutans and S. aureus, therefore there was unable to inhibited C. albicans. The results may support application of karanda fruit for oral anti-septic and sore-throat relieving herb.
Event‐triggered control for cyber‐physical systems with multiple transportation channels and denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Wei Jumei , Yan Xueyan , Zhu Xunlin , Xu Mingliang , Ma Rui , Du Haiping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEvent‐triggered controllers are designed for cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) with multiple transmission channels in this article, including two cases: with and without denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. Through the design of switching controller and the use of linear matrix inequality‐based (LMI‐based) method, the global exponential stability of the CPSs with multiple transmission channels in both cases are proved, and the relationship of parameters of DoS frequency and duration with the sampling period is established. An example of unmanned ground vehicle under DoS attacks is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Self‐Oxygenation of Tissues Orchestrates Full‐Thickness Vascularization of Living Implants
Authors: Farzin Ali , Hassan Shabir , Moreira Teixeira Liliana S. , Gurian Melvin , Crispim João F. , Manhas Varun , Carlier Aurélie , Bae Hojae , Geris Liesbet , Noshadi Iman , Shin Su Ryon , Leijten Jeroen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBioengineering of tissues and organs has the potential to generate functional replacement organs. However, achieving the full‐thickness vascularization that is required for long‐term survival of living implants has remained a grand challenge, especially for clinically sized implants. During the pre‐vascular phase, implanted engineered tissues are forced to metabolically rely on the diffusion of nutrients from adjacent host‐tissue, which for larger living implants results in anoxia, cell death, and ultimately implant failure. Here it is reported that this challenge can be addressed by engineering self‐oxygenating tissues, which is achieved via the incorporation of hydrophobic oxygen‐generating micromaterials into engineered tissues. Self‐oxygenation of tissues transforms anoxic stresses into hypoxic stimulation in a homogenous and tissue size‐independent manner. The in situ elevation of oxygen tension enables the sustained production of high quantities of angiogenic factors by implanted cells, which are offered a metabolically protected pro‐angiogenic microenvironment. Numerical simulations predict that self‐oxygenation of living tissues will effectively orchestrate rapid full‐thickness vascularization of implanted tissues, which is empirically confirmed via in vivo experimentation. Self‐oxygenation of tissues thus represents a novel, effective, and widely applicable strategy to enable the vascularization living implants, which is expected to advance organ transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
Structural Aspects of P2‐Type Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.2Li0.2O2 (MNL) Stabilization by Lithium Defects as a Cathode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Liangtao , Kuo Liang‐Yin , López del Amo Juan Miguel , Nayak Prasant Kumar , Mazzio Katherine A. , Maletti Sebastian , Mikhailova Daria , Giebeler Lars , Kaghazchi Payam , Rojo Teófilo , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA known strategy for improving the properties of layered oxide electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries is the partial substitution of transition metals by Li. Herein, the role of Li as a defect and its impact on sodium storage in P2‐Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.2Li0.2O2 is discussed. In tandem with electrochemical studies, the electronic and atomic structure are studied using solid‐state NMR, operando XRD, and density functional theory (DFT). For the as‐synthesized material, Li is located in comparable amounts within the sodium and the transition metal oxide (TMO) layers. Desodiation leads to a redistribution of Li ions within the crystal lattice. During charging, Li ions from the Na layer first migrate to the TMO layer before reversing their course at low Na contents. There is little change in the lattice parameters during charging/discharging, indicating stabilization of the P2 structure. This leads to a solid‐solution type storage mechanism (sloping voltage profile) and hence excellent cycle life with a capacity of 110 mAh g‐1 after 100 cycles. In contrast, the Li‐free compositions Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.4O2 and Na0.67Mn0.8Ni0.2O2 show phase transitions and a stair‐case voltage profile. The capacity is found to originate from mainly Ni3+/Ni4+ and O2‐/O2‐δ redox processes by DFT, although a small contribution from Mn4+/Mn5+ to the capacity cannot be excluded.
Characterizing the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease in Latinos
Authors: Loesch Douglas P. , Horimoto Andrea R. V. R. , Heilbron Karl , Sarihan Elif I. , Inca‐Martinez Miguel , Mason Emily , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , Torres Luis , Mazzetti Pilar , Cosentino Carlos , Sarapura‐Castro Elison , Rivera‐Valdivia Andrea , Medina Angel C. , Dieguez Elena , Raggio Victor , Lescano Andres , Tumas Vitor , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique B. , Rieder Carlos R. , Schumacher‐Schuh Artur , Santos‐Lobato Bruno L. , Velez‐Pardo Carlos , Jimenez‐Del‐Rio Marlene , Lopera Francisco , Moreno Sonia , Chana‐Cuevas Pedro , Fernandez William , Arboleda Gonzalo , Arboleda Humberto , Arboleda‐Bustos Carlos E. , Yearout Dora , Zabetian Cyrus P. ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Cannon Paul , Thornton Timothy A. , O'Connor Timothy D. , Mata Ignacio F. ,   the Latin American Research Consortium on the Genetics of Parkinson's Disease (LARGE‐PD)
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveThis work was undertaken in order to identify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk variants in a Latino cohort, to describe the overlap in the genetic architecture of PD in Latinos compared to European‐ancestry subjects, and to increase the diversity in PD genome‐wide association (GWAS) data.MethodsWe genotyped and imputed 1,497 PD cases and controls recruited from nine clinical sites across South America. We performed a GWAS using logistic mixed models; variants with a p‐value <1 × 10−5 were tested in a replication cohort of 1,234 self‐reported Latino PD cases and 439,522 Latino controls from 23andMe, Inc. We also performed an admixture mapping analysis where local ancestry blocks were tested for association with PD status.ResultsOne locus, SNCA, achieved genome‐wide significance (p‐value <5 × 10−8); rs356182 achieved genome‐wide significance in both the discovery and the replication cohorts (discovery, G allele: 1.58 OR, 95% CI 1.35–1.86, p‐value 2.48 × 10−8; 23andMe, G allele: 1.26 OR, 95% CI 1.16–1.37, p‐value 4.55 × 10−8). In our admixture mapping analysis, a locus on chromosome 14, containing the gene STXBP6, achieved significance in a joint test of ancestries and in the Native American single‐ancestry test (p‐value <5 × 10−5). A second locus on chromosome 6, containing the gene RPS6KA2, achieved significance in the African single‐ancestry test (p‐value <5 × 10−5).InterpretationThis study demonstrated the importance of the SNCA locus for the etiology of PD in Latinos. By leveraging the demographic history of our cohort via admixture mapping, we identified two potential PD risk loci that merit further study. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:353–365
Fluoride Chemistry in Tin Halide Perovskites
Authors: Pascual Jorge , Flatken Marion , Félix Roberto , Li Guixiang , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Aldamasy Mahmoud H. , Hartmann Claudia , Li Meng , Di Girolamo Diego , Nasti Giuseppe , Hüsam Elif , Wilks Regan G. , Dallmann André , Bär Marcus , Hoell Armin , Abate Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTin is the frontrunner for substituting toxic lead in perovskite solar cells. However, tin suffers the detrimental oxidation of SnII to SnIV. Most of reported strategies employ SnF2 in the perovskite precursor solution to prevent SnIV formation. Nevertheless, the working mechanism of this additive remains debated. To further elucidate it, we investigate the fluoride chemistry in tin halide perovskites by complementary analytical tools. NMR analysis of the precursor solution discloses a strong preferential affinity of fluoride anions for SnIV over SnII, selectively complexing it as SnF4. Hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy on films shows the lower tendency of SnF4 than SnI4 to get included in the perovskite structure, hence preventing the inclusion of SnIV in the film. Finally, small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals the strong influence of fluoride on the colloidal chemistry of precursor dispersions, directly affecting perovskite crystallization.
Composition‐Dependent Long‐Term Stability of Mosaic Solid‐Electrolyte Interface for Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Rao Rikka Vallabha , Ranjan Sahu Sumit , Chatterjee Abhijit , Gopalan R. , Sundararajan G. , Prakash Raju 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) layer determines the fast charging capability and cycle life of a lithium‐ion battery. In‐depth investigation of the mosaic SEI layer‘s formation, growth, and stability are of utmost importance to obtain a stable electrochemical performance over cycles. We investigate the stability of the mosaic SEI layer during cycling at a high C‐rate (0.5 C). The composition of the SEI layer is governed by the current density‐dependent formation of inorganic and organic compounds. The inorganic compounds rich outer SEI layer and organic compounds rich inner SEI layer formed after the first lithiation helps in preventing SEI breakdown and growth during cycling. The SEI layer densifies during cycling as a result of the decomposition of the entrapped electrolyte. The composition‐dependent stability of the mosaic SEI layer stability opens up new possibilities for extending the cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries.