bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic regions associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt in castor identified through linkage and association mapping approaches
Authors: Shaw Ranjan K. , Shaik Mobeen , Prasad M. Santha Lakshmi , Prasad R.D. , Mohanrao Manmode Darpan , Senthilvel S. 
Published: November 2021

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini, is the most destructive disease in castor. Host plant resistance is the best strategy for the management of wilt. Identification of molecular markers linked to wilt resistance will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of breeding for wilt resistance. In the present study, genomic regions linked to wilt resistance were mapped using a bi-parental population of 185 F6–RILs and a genetically diverse panel of 300 germplasm accessions. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis performed using a linkage map consisting of 1090 SNP markers identified a major QTL on chromosome 7 with an LOD score of 18.7, which explained 44% of the phenotypic variance. The association mapping performed using genotypic data from 3465 SNP loci revealed 69 significant associations (p < 1 × 10−4) for wilt resistance. The phenotypic variance explained by the individual SNPs ranged from 0.063 to 0.210. The QTL detected in the bi-parental mapping population was not identified in the association analysis. Thus, the results of this study indicate the possibility of vast gene diversity for Fusarium wilt resistance in castor.
Stability of symmetric powers of vector bundles of rank two with even degree on a curve
Authors: Kim Jeong-Seop 
Published: November 2021

This paper treats the strict semi-stability of the symmetric powers [Formula: see text] of a stable vector bundle [Formula: see text] of rank [Formula: see text] with even degree on a smooth projective curve [Formula: see text] of genus [Formula: see text]. The strict semi-stability of [Formula: see text] is equivalent to the orthogonality of [Formula: see text] or the existence of a bisection on the ruled surface [Formula: see text] whose self-intersection number is zero. A relation between the two interpretations is investigated in this paper through elementary transformations. This paper also gives a classification of [Formula: see text] with strictly semi-stable [Formula: see text]. Moreover, it is shown that when [Formula: see text] is stable, every symmetric power [Formula: see text] is stable for all but a finite number of [Formula: see text] in the moduli of stable vector bundles of rank [Formula: see text] with fixed determinant of even degree on [Formula: see text].
A review of Triassic insects in China
Authors: Zhang Qianqi , Zheng Daran , Wang Bo , Zhang Haichun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Studies of Triassic insects in China began in 1956, and, so far, a total of 89 genera and 109 species have been found from the Triassic of China. The fossil records from 17 provinces (or regions) in China are assigned to 11 orders, except for two genera and species considered
incertae sedis
in Insecta. These Chinese Triassic insects, including one Early Triassic, 53 Middle Triassic and 55 Late Triassic species, are briefly reviewed in taxonomy and distribution, and listed here with detailed taxonomic and stratigraphic information. The Middle Triassic Tongchuan and Late Triassic Toksun entomofaunas are introduced in detail from the perspectives of composition and taxonomy. Existing data indicate that the Chinese Triassic entomofauna is dominated by Hemiptera, Mecoptera and Coleoptera; the Chinese Early Triassic insects are only known from Fuyuan in Yunnan Province, Middle Triassic insects are mainly known from northern China and sporadically from Guizhou Province, southern China, and Late Triassic insects are seen widely in both northern and southern China. The Middle and Late Triassic entomofaunas have a similar abundance but show a pattern of being more common in northern China than in southern China.
Jehol fossils from the Jiaolai Basin of Shandong, North China: review and new perspectives
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhou Chang-Fu , Jourdan Fred , Chang Su-Chin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Starting in the early 1950s, palaeontologists began to discover a wide range of Cretaceous terrestrial fossils in the Laiyang, Qingshan and Wangshi groups of the Jiaolai Basin, which resides in the eastern part of the Shandong Peninsula of northern China. Significant specimens from these deposits include various dinosaur eggs, footprints and fossils, including hadrosauroids, tyrannosaurids and ankylosaurids. These expanded the understanding of evolution, biodiversity and palaeoecology in East Asia. While many examples of the Jehol Biota from this area are not well constrained in terms of their stratigraphy and geochronology, previous studies have generally suggested that fossils from this region represent the second or third phase of Jehol Biota development. This paper reviews fossils, stratigraphic correlations, tectonic history and age estimates for the less well-studied outcrops of the Shandong Peninsula that host the Jehol Biota. We report three new
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages for the Qingshang Group and discuss how these somewhat imprecise ages still constrain chronostratigraphic interpretation for the fossil-rich units.
Defining the Bemaraha megatracksite: an update on dinosaur ichnology in Madagascar
Authors: Wagensommer Alexander , Dolch Rainer , Ratolojanahary Tiana , Donato Simon , D'Orazi Porchetti Simone 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The Bemaraha Formation preserves a unique and abundant record of dinosaur footprints, the only occurrence of this type known from Madagascar. Theropod and sauropod tracks occur in Middle Jurassic strata and form an important record from this otherwise poorly documented time interval. Here we report on 18 new tracksites, raising the total number of known localities in the Bemaraha to 31. The majority of these sites occur at the same stratigraphic level that can be traced over an area of at least 30 km
2
, which makes it one of the most laterally extensive occurrences of dinosaur tracks on record in the Southern Hemisphere. Dinosaur tracks are restricted to a few bedding surfaces representing times of sea-level lowstand within a normally marine environment. Theropod tracks are by far more abundant than sauropod tracks and typically are orientated towards the palaeocoastline. This pattern is interpreted as evidence of a short-scale migration between feeding and resting grounds. The Bemaraha Formation thus allows a rare glimpse into dinosaur behaviour in a marginal-marine environment of Jurassic age.
Profiling Users for Question Answering Communities via Flow-Based Constrained Co-Embedding Model
Authors: Liang Shangsong , Luo Yupeng , Meng Zaiqiao 
Published: November 2021

In this article, we study the task of user profiling in question answering communities (QACs). Previous user profiling algorithms suffer from a number of defects: they regard users and words as atomic units, leading to the mismatch between them; they are designed for other applications but not for QACs; and some semantic profiling algorithms do not co-embed users and words, leading to making the affinity measurement between them difficult. To improve the profiling performance, we propose a neural Flow-based Constrained Co-embedding Model, abbreviated as FCCM. FCCM jointly co-embeds the vector representations of both users and words in QACs such that the affinities between them can be semantically measured. Specifically, FCCM extends the standard variational auto-encoder model to enforce the inferred embeddings of users and words subject to the voting constraint, i.e., given a question and the users who answer this question in the community, representations of the users whose answers receive more votes are closer to the representations of the words associated with these answers, compared with representations of whose receiving fewer votes. In addition, FCCM integrates normalizing flow into the variational auto-encoder framework to avoid the assumption that the distributions of the embeddings are Gaussian, making the inferred embeddings fit the real distributions of the data better. Experimental results on a Chinese Zhihu question answering dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed FCCM model for the task of user profiling in QACs.
Live-Cell Imaging Shows Uneven Segregation of Extrachromosomal DNA Elements and Transcriptionally Active Extrachromosomal DNA Hubs in Cancer
Authors: Yi Eunhee , Gujar Amit D. , Guthrie Molly , Kim Hoon , Zhao Dacheng , Johnson Kevin C. , Amin Samirkumar B. , Costa Megan L. , Yu Qianru , Das Sunit , Jillette Nathaniel , Clow Patricia A. , Cheng Albert W. , Verhaak Roel G.W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Oncogenic extrachromosomal DNA elements (ecDNA) play an important role in tumor evolution, but our understanding of ecDNA biology is limited. We determined the distribution of single-cell ecDNA copy number across patient tissues and cell line models and observed how cell-to-cell ecDNA frequency varies greatly. The exceptional intratumoral heterogeneity of ecDNA suggested ecDNA-specific replication and propagation mechanisms. To evaluate the transfer of ecDNA genetic material from parental to offspring cells during mitosis, we established the CRISPR-based ecTag method. ecTag leverages ecDNA-specific breakpoint sequences to tag ecDNA with fluorescent markers in living cells. Applying ecTag during mitosis revealed disjointed ecDNA inheritance patterns, enabling rapid ecDNA accumulation in individual cells. After mitosis, ecDNAs clustered into ecDNA hubs, and ecDNA hubs colocalized with RNA polymerase II, promoting transcription of cargo oncogenes. Our observations provide direct evidence for uneven segregation of ecDNA and shed new light on mechanisms through which ecDNAs contribute to oncogenesis.

Significance:
ecDNAs are vehicles for oncogene amplification. The circular nature of ecDNA affords unique properties, such as mobility and ecDNA-specific replication and segregation behavior. We uncovered fundamental ecDNA properties by tracking ecDNAs in live cells, highlighting uneven and random segregation and ecDNA hubs that drive cargo gene transcription.
See related commentary by Henssen, p. 293.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 275
Reduction in Right Atrial Pressures Is Associated With Hemodynamic Improvements After Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair of the Tricuspid Valve
Authors: Mahowald Madeline K. , Nishimura Rick A. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Mankad Sunil V. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Padang Ratnasari , Thaden Jeremy J. , Alkhouli Mohamad , Guerrero Mayra , Rihal Charanjit S. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Investigational transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has shown promise as an alternative to surgery, but factors influencing outcomes, optimal patient selection, and procedural timing remain incompletely defined. Given the limitations of determining TR severity by conventional echocardiography, our objectives were to determine whether invasive right atrial (RA) pressures performed during the procedure are related to patient outcomes.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective review of patients who underwent off-label tricuspid TEER using MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Menlo Park, CA) for significant TR at a single institution. Intraprocedural mean RA pressure, RA peak V-wave, RA pressure nadir, and systolic increase in RA pressure (XV height) were recorded.

Results:

Thirty-eight patients underwent tricuspid TEER; 33 underwent concomitant mitral TEER for mitral regurgitation. The study cohort was 39% female with a mean age of 78.6±14.3 years. Median follow-up was 339 days (interquartile range, 100–601). Any reduction in mean RA pressure, RA peak V-wave, RA nadir, and XV height occurred in 74%, 82%, 45%, and 87% of patients, respectively. At 1 year, event-free survival was 47%. Postprocedure XV height correlated with TR severity as determined by echocardiography (
P
<0.0001). The highest quartile of postprocedure XV height (>8 mm Hg) had worse event-free survival compared with those who had concluding XV height ≤8 mm Hg (
P
=0.02). Attainment of a concluding XV height less than or equal to median value was associated with a lower creatinine the next day (1.27±0.47 versus 1.64±0.47 mg/dL,
P
=0.04).

Conclusions:
Intraprocedural XV height correlates with TR severity after tricuspid TEER, and lower concluding pressures are associated with improved outcomes. Analysis of RA pressures may serve as a complementary tool for the evaluation of disease severity and procedural guidance.
Anterior–Lateral Versus Anterior–Posterior Electrode Position for Cardioverting Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Schmidt Anders Sjørslev , Lauridsen Kasper Glerup , Møller Dorthe Svenstrup , Christensen Per Dahl , Dodt Karen Kaae , Rickers Hans , Løfgren Bo , Albertsen Andi Eie 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Smaller randomized studies have reported conflicting results regarding the optimal electrode position for cardioverting atrial fibrillation. However, anterior–posterior electrode positioning is widely used as a standard and believed to be superior to anterior–lateral electrode positioning. Therefore, we aimed to compare anterior–lateral and anterior–posterior electrode positioning for cardioverting atrial fibrillation in a multicenter randomized trial.

Methods:
In this multicenter, investigator-initiated, open-label trial, we randomly assigned patients with atrial fibrillation scheduled for elective cardioversion to either anterior–lateral or anterior–posterior electrode positioning. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients in sinus rhythm after the first shock. The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients in sinus rhythm after up to 4 shocks escalating to maximum energy. Safety outcomes were any cases of arrhythmia during or after cardioversion, skin redness, and patient-reported periprocedural pain.

Results:

We randomized 468 patients. The primary outcome occurred in 126 patients (54%) assigned to the anterior–lateral electrode position and in 77 patients (33%) assigned to the anterior–posterior electrode position (risk difference, 22 percentage points [95% CI, 13–30];
P
<0.001). The number of patients in sinus rhythm after the final cardioversion shock was 216 (93%) assigned to anterior–lateral electrode positioning and 200 (85%) assigned to anterior–posterior electrode positioning (risk difference, 7 percentage points [95% CI, 2–12]). There were no significant differences between groups in any safety outcomes.

Conclusions:
Anterior–lateral electrode positioning was more effective than anterior–posterior electrode positioning for biphasic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. There were no significant differences in any safety outcome.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03817372.
Association of Socioeconomic Status With Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Black Men
Authors: Azap Rosevine A. , Nolan Timiya S. , Gray Darrell M. , Lawson Kiwan , Gregory John , Capers Quinn , Odei James B. , Joseph Joshua J. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Black men are burdened by high cardiovascular risk and the highest all‐cause mortality rate in the United States. Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors in majority populations, but there is a paucity of data in Black men.

Methods and Results

We examined the association of SES measures including educational attainment, annual income, employment status, and health insurance status with an ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) score, which included blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, body mass index, physical activity, and smoking in African American Male Wellness Walks. Six metrics of ICH were categorized into a 3‐tiered ICH score 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the association of SES measures with ICH scores adjusted for age. Among 1444 men, 7% attained 5 to 6 ICH metrics. Annual income <$20 000 was associated with a 56% lower odds of attaining 3 to 4 versus 0 to 2 ICH components compared with ≥$75 000 (
P
=0.016). Medicare and no insurance were associated with a 39% and 35% lower odds of 3 to 4 versus 0 to 2 ICH components, respectively, compared with private insurance (all
P
<0.05). Education and employment status were not associated with higher attainment of ICH in Black men.

Conclusions
Among community‐dwelling Black men, higher attainment of measures of SES showed mixed associations with greater attainment of ICH. The lack of association of higher levels of educational attainment and employment status with ICH suggests that in order to address the long–standing health inequities that affect Black men, strategies to increase attainment of cardiovascular health may need to address additional components beyond SES.
Brain Kynurenine Pathway and Functional Outcome of Rats Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lucchetti Jacopo , Fumagalli Francesca , Olivari Davide , Affatato Roberta , Fracasso Claudia , De Giorgio Daria , Perego Carlo , Motta Francesca , Passoni Alice , Staszewsky Lidia , Novelli Deborah , Magliocca Aurora , Garattini Silvio , Latini Roberto , Ristagno Giuseppe , Gobbi Marco 
Published: November 2021

Background
Brain injury and neurological deficit are consequences of cardiac arrest (CA), leading to high morbidity and mortality. Peripheral activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), the main catabolic route of tryptophan metabolized at first into kynurenine, predicts poor neurological outcome in patients resuscitated after out‐of‐hospital CA. Here, we investigated KP activation in hippocampus and plasma of rats resuscitated from CA, evaluating the effect of KP modulation in preventing CA‐induced neurological deficit.

Methods and Results
Early KP activation was first demonstrated in 28 rats subjected to electrically induced CA followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hippocampal levels of the neuroactive metabolites kynurenine, 3‐hydroxy‐anthranilic acid, and kynurenic acid were higher 2 hours after CA, as in plasma. Further, 36 rats were randomized to receive the inhibitor of the first step of KP, 1‐methyl‐DL‐tryptophan, or vehicle, before CA. No differences were observed in hemodynamics and myocardial function. The CA‐induced KP activation, sustained up to 96 hours in hippocampus (and plasma) of vehicle‐treated rats, was counteracted by the inhibitor as indicated by lower hippocampal (and plasmatic) kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and kynurenine levels. 1‐Methyl‐DL‐tryptophan reduced the CA‐induced neurological deficits, with a significant correlation between the neurological score and the individual kynurenine levels, as well as the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, in plasma and hippocampus.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the CA‐induced lasting activation of the first step of the KP in hippocampus, showing that this activation was involved in the evolving neurological deficit. The degree of peripheral activation of KP may predict neurological function after CA.
Incidence and Long‐Term Outcomes of Stroke in Patients Presenting With ST‐Segment Elevation–Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the Midwest STEMI Consortium
Authors: Megaly Michael , Yildiz Mehmet , Tannenbaum Edward , Okeson Brynn , Dworak Marshall W. , Garberich Ross , Sharkey Scott , Aguirre Frank , Tannenbaum Mark , Smith Timothy D. , Henry Timothy D. , Garcia Santiago 
Published: November 2021

Background
Contemporary real‐world data on stroke in patients presenting with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are scarce.

Methods and Results

We evaluated the incidence, trends, cause, and predictors of stroke from 2003 to 2019 in 4 large regional STEMI programs in the upper Midwest that use similar transfer and treatment protocols. We also evaluated the long‐term impact of stroke on 5‐year mortality. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with stroke in patients presenting with STEMI and identify variables associated with 5‐year mortality. A total of 12 868 patients presented with STEMI during the study period. Stroke occurred in 98 patients (0.76%). The incidence of stroke remained stable over time (0.5% in 2003, 1.2% in 2019;
P
‐trend=0.22). Most (75%) of strokes were ischemic, with a median time to stroke symptoms of 14 hours after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (interquartile range, 4–72 hours), which led to a small minority (3%) receiving endovascular treatment and high in‐hospital mortality (18%). On multivariate regression analysis, age (increment of 10 years) (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10–1.58;
P
‐value=0.003) and preintervention cardiogenic shock (OR, 2.03; (95% CI, 1.03–3.78;
P
=0.032)) were associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital stroke. In‐hospital stroke was independently associated with increased risk of 5‐year mortality (hazard ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.13–3.57;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions
In patients presenting with STEMI, the risk of stroke is low (0.76%). A stroke in patients presenting with STEMI is associated with significantly higher in‐hospital (18%) and long‐term mortality (35% at 5 years). Stroke was associated with double the risk of 5‐year death.
Lexically Aware Semi-Supervised Learning for OCR Post-Correction
Authors: Rijhwani Shruti , Rosenblum Daisy , Anastasopoulos Antonios , Neubig Graham 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Much of the existing linguistic data in many languages of the world is locked away in non- digitized books and documents. Optical character recognition (OCR) can be used to produce digitized text, and previous work has demonstrated the utility of neural post-correction methods that improve the results of general- purpose OCR systems on recognition of less- well-resourced languages. However, these methods rely on manually curated post- correction data, which are relatively scarce compared to the non-annotated raw images that need to be digitized. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised learning method that makes it possible to utilize these raw images to improve performance, specifically through the use of self-training, a technique where a model is iteratively trained on its own outputs. In addition, to enforce consistency in the recognized vocabulary, we introduce a lexically aware decoding method that augments the neural post-correction model with a count-based language model constructed from the recognized texts, implemented using weighted finite-state automata (WFSA) for efficient and effective decoding. Results on four endangered languages demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, with relative error reductions of 15%–29%, where we find the combination of self-training and lexically aware decoding essential for achieving consistent improvements.1
Memory, Re-memory and Post-memory
Authors: Bharucha Nilufer E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For the Indian diaspora their new lives in the Imperial colonies became the present and the country left behind became memory. As the diasporics tried to recall the past, they dealt in what Toni Morrison has called the act of re-memory. Pheroze Nowrojee’s re-telling of the tale of his grandfather, who went from India to Kenya to run the trains on what was then called the Uganda Railways, is a case of re-memory, as the private memories of an earlier generation are etched into public and even national spaces of independent Kenya. There is also what Marianne Hirsch calls post-memory which can also be considered in the case of diasporic writing. While A Kenyan Journey (2014) tells the story of the author’s grandfather, it is much more than just a Parsi Zoroastrian family’s memoir. Intertwined in the grandfather’s story are the wider narratives of colonialism and old and new homelands.