bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Flavonoid and Bioactivity Features of the Pericarp of Citri Reticulatae 'Chachi' During Storage
Authors: Liang Shejian , Wen Zhijia , Tang Tiexin , Liu Yufang , Dang Fengliang , Xie Tianxiao , Wu Hong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The mature pericarp of Citri Reticulatae 'Chachi' (PCRC) is one of the six traditional Chinese medicinal materials that should be used after long storage, and it was regarded that the longer the medicine was stored, the better. However, the aging mechanism of the medicine is not clear.Methods: In order to further investigate the effect of aging on the main active flavonoids of PCRC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and metabolomics analysis were used to analyze the flavonoids of PCRC stored for different periods.Results: In the results, 219 flavonoids were detected. 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxy dihydroflavone and 2'-hydroxy-3,4,5,3'4',6'-hexamethoxychalcone were found from PCRC for the first time. According to the clustering analysis of metabolites, aging times of 0, 1, and 2 were clustered into one group, and aging times of 3, 4, and 29 were clustered into the other group. Quantitative analysis showed that the former group contained a greater amount of 4 flavonoids than the latter group, while the latter group contained a greater amount of 15 polymethoxyflavonoids. The newly harvested PCRC was compared with the other 5 groups of PCRC (stored for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 29 years). Eight flavonoids, tectochrysin, apigenin, 2'-hydroxyisoflavone, luteolin, 6-hydroxyluteolin, gallocatechin, quercetin -O- acetylhexoside and apigenin -7-O-[β-D-glucuronide (1→2) -O-β-D-glucuronide], were used as marker components to discriminate newly harvested PCRC and aging PCRC. In addition, the antioxidant potency composite index (APC) indicated that the PCRC stored for three or four years had stronger antioxidant activity than the PCRC stored for other periods. By means of molecular docking, it was reviewed that the amount of antiviral components against SARS-CoV-2 in freshly harvested PCRC was significantly higher than that in aging PCRC. The results in this study supplied scientific data for quality control, evaluation, and rational utilization of PCRC and basic information for further analysis of the metabolic regulation of the active components of the PCRC.
A spontaneously sustainable bioinspired interfacial evaporation driven power generation strategy
Authors: Sun Zhuangzhi , Li Zhaoxin , Han Changlong , Jing Mingxing , Yu Haipeng , Wang Zuankai 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In nature, liquid evaporation occurs everywhere all the time. This low-grade energy absorption to drive liquid evaporation is greatly potential for sustainable spontaneously power generation. Here, a natural liquid evaporation strategy of interfacial evaporation driven nanogenerator (IENG) is developed in this work. Coupled by the phonon wind and a fluctuating Coulomb field, an induced direct current is generated. Simultaneously, inspired by the light-trapping properties of moth eye, a simple and efficient BLT-IENG including a hierarchical surface of bionic light-trapping and electrospinning perovskite conductivity with an enhanced thermally insulating and water storage capability is designed. This enhancement of the output performance is greatly attributed to the improvement of the interfacial evaporation characteristics driven by natural solar and wind energies. Hence, our BLT-IENG achieves a breakthrough in the unit area open-circuit voltage in the marine environment, which is improved by a factor of 7.6 over the currently reported average value. This work provides an unexplored strategy for multi-energies inspired natural interfacial evaporation driven power generation.
Genomic events shaping epithelial-to-mesenchymal trajectories in cancer
Authors: Tagliazucchi Guidantonio , Secrier Maria 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular process underlying cancer progression, with multiple intermediate states whose molecular hallmarks remain poorly characterized. To fill this gap, we explored EMT trajectories in 8,778 tumours of epithelial origin and identified three macro-states with prognostic and therapeutic value, attributable to epithelial, hybrid E/M (hEMT) and mesenchymal phenotypes. We show that the hEMT state is remarkably stable and linked with increased aneuploidy, APOBEC mutagenesis and hypoxia. Additionally, we provide an extensive catalogue of genomic events underlying distinct evolutionary constraints on EMT transformation, including novel pan-cancer dependencies of hEMT on driver genes PRRX1, BCOR and CNOT3, as well as links between full mesenchymal transformation and REG3A and SHISA4 mutations in lung and breast cancers, respectively. This study sheds light on the aetiology of the lesser characterised hybrid E/M state in cancer progression and the broader genomic hallmarks shaping the mesenchymal transformation of primary tumours.
Characteristics of Five-Phase Acupoints From Data Mining of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials Followed by Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: Lee Seoyoung , Ryu Yeonhee , Park Hi-Joon , Lee In-Seon , Chae Younbyoung 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: An unbiased assessment of clinical outcomes may provide greater insight into the characteristics of individual acupoints. In this study, we used machine-learning methods to examine clinical trial data for diseases treated using prescribed five-phase acupoint patterns. Methods: We performed a search of acupuncture treatment regimens used in randomized controlled trials included in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The frequencies of 60 five-phase acupoints were calculated based on 421 clinical trials on 30 diseases. The characteristics of prescribed five-phase acupoints were further analyzed using multidimensional scaling and K-means clustering. Results: Among the five-phase acupoints, stream and sea acupoints were the most widely used, with well, spring, and river acupoints less common. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis revealed that the LR3, ST36, GB34, BL60, KI3, LI11, and HT7 acupoints exhibited distinct characteristics based on distances representing the similarity between acupoint indications. Conclusions: The results suggest that stream and sea acupoints exhibit distinct characteristics compared to the other acupoints. Such data-driven approaches will improve our understanding of five-phase acupoints and facilitate the establishment of new models of analysis and educational resources for major acupoint characteristics.
Association Between Intraoperative Computed Tomography Navigation System and Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in Patients with Spinal Surgeries: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: KUMAGAI GENTARO , Wada Kanichiro , Tanaka Sunao , Asari Toru , Nitobe Yohshiro , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although the use of intraoperative computed tomography (CT)-based navigation systems is unlikely to cause intraoperative contamination more than the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, the association between intraoperative CT/navigation and surgical site infections (SSIs) remains unclear. We investigated the incidence of SSIs and the association between intraoperative CT/navigation and SSIs for spinal surgeries.Methods: Of the 512 patients who underwent spinal surgery between April 2016 and December 2020, 304 underwent C-arm intraoperative fluoroscopy and/or Medtronic O-arm intraoperative CT/navigation system. We investigated the incidence of SSIs in patients with four techniques; no intraoperative imaging C-arm only, O-arm only, and both O- and C-arm used. Multivariate logistic analyses were conducted using the prevalence of SSIs as the dependent variable. The independent variables were age, sex, and potential confounders including preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, use of instrumentation, C-arm and/or O-arm. Results: The incidence of the SSIs in patients with no imaging, C-arm only, O-arm only, and both modalities used was 1.9％, 7.3%, 4.7%, and 8.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSIs between the four techniques. Multivariate logistic analyses showed a significant correlation between the prevalence of SSI and JOA scores (odds ratio, 0.878; 95%CI, 0.759-0.990) and use of instrumentation (odds ratio, 6.241; 95%CI, 1.113-34.985), but not use of O-arm.Conclusions: The incidence of the SSIs in patients with only O-arm used was 4.7%. Preoperative clinical status and use of instrumentation, but not use of the O-arm, was associated with SSIs after spinal surgeries.
Development and Evaluation of Europium-Based Quantitative Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Chronic Kidney Disease Marker Cystatin-C
Authors: NATARAJAN SATHEESH , saatci Ebru 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to establish a Europium label time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to detect the chronic kidney disease (CKD) biomarker Cystatin-C. Some Cystatin-c immunoassays are sensitive, accurate, and available for clinical application, but they are expensive and time-consuming procedures. Also, conventional organic dye-based fluorescence lateral flow assay showed more background fluorescence interference and low analytical sensitivity. So this Europium-based sandwich immunoassay was developed to detect the concentration of cystatin-c in a urine sample with captured anti-cystatin-c antibodies immobilized on nitrocellulose membrane and then bonded with detection anti-cystatin-c labelled with CM-EU, followed by fluorescence measurement using time-resolved fluorometry in 15 minutes. The performance of this TRFIA was evaluated using the clinical urine serum and compared with the ELISA assays. The linear calibration range was 0.015-32 µg/ml, and the limit of detection (LOD) quantified was 0.0001µg/ml. This current work has improved the LOD of our previous work from 0.013µg/ml to 0.001µg/ml. These results indicated that the CM-EU nanoparticle-based LFIA is rapid, more sensitive, reliable, and reproducible for point-of-care testing of Cys-C concentrations in urine
Aramid Nanofibers Reinforced Cellulose Paper-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Separator with Improved Safety and Cycling Stability
Authors: Zhang Sufeng , Luo Jin , Du Min , Hui Hongying 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Commercial polyolefin separators with poor electrolyte wettability and inferior thermal stability have hampered the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their unsatisfied electrochemical performance and severe safety hazards. Herein, a novel paper-based composite separator composed of electrolyte-affinitive cellulose fibers (CFs) and thermally stable aramid nanofibers (ANFs) was successfully fabricated through the traditional papermaking method. It was found that the incorporation of ANFs played crucial roles in improving the defects of pure CF separator such as large-sized pores, low mechanical strength and high flammability. Specifically, the CF/ANF composite separator with 20 wt.% ANFs (CF/ANF-20) possessed narrow micropores, satisfied tensile strength (33MPa), excellent thermal resistance (without dimensional shrinkage up to 200 °C) and flame retardancy, greatly enhancing the safe operation of battery. In addition, benefiting from the highly porous structure and exceptional electrolyte affinity of CF separator, the CF/ANF-20 composite separator exhibited appropriate porosity and superior electrolyte wettability, which brought about a high electrolyte uptake (157%), thus endowing it with better ionic conductivity (0.75 mS cm−1) and lower interfacial resistance than that of commercial polypropylene (PP) separator. Accordingly, the LiFePO4/Li half cells using CF/ANF-20 separator delivered outstanding rate capability and stable cycling performance. All results indicate that the CF/ANF-20 separator with great balance between the electrochemical performance and safety is an intriguing candidate for advanced LIBs.
Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering on Silver sinusoidal nano-grating: Impact of Interactions of grating-coupled Surface Plasmon polaritons
Authors: Chen Zhaoyi , Feng Ke , Chen Zhibin , Shen Jinxing , Li Huanliang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, we reported a silver sinusoidal nanograting used in microchannels, forming H2O/Ag/NOA heterostructure, and studied the impact of interactions of grating-coupled surface Plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). FDTD simulations showed that when the refractive index of NOA is close to that of H2O, there were two modes of odd coupling and even coupling between SPPs. Additionally, the thinner the Ag grating, the stronger the coupling, accompanied by the frequency shift of the two coupling modes. We also estimated the influence of refractive index of the surrounding medium on SPPs coupling by varying the dielectric of the upper and lower layer of Ag grating. Our experimental results were supported by FDTD calculations, which confirmed the importance of the interactions of grating-coupled SPPs in the design of SERS substrate.
Diurnal Variations of Warm Season Rainfall Affected By Complex Topography Based On High-Density Stations Observation In Chongqing Over Southwest China
Authors: Li Qiang , Zheng Yongguang , Zhou Guobing , Zhu Yan , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Located in the eastern edge of the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in the southwest China, Chongqing is a mountainous region with typical complex topographic features. Using the hourly precipitation observation data of high-density 1686 meteorological stations in Chongqing during warm season from 2009 to 2016, the diurnal characteristics of precipitation effected by complex topography are investigated. The mountainous terrain has a significant impact on distinct regional features of rainfall amount, frequency, and intensity, and stations located in the higher complex mountainous areas are larger than those in the lower surrounding areas. In addition, the detailed characteristics of the rainfall amount and frequency over four study regions further show that the values at higher elevations are larger than those at the lower elevations, and the rainfall amount and frequency significantly increase, especially in the area that terrain heights sharply increase along mountains extending direction. The diurnal characteristics of the rainfall amount has dual structure with a dominant early-morning peak appearing at approximately 0700 LST (23 UTC), and a weaker secondary late-afternoon peak is found at approximately 1600 LST (08 UTC). The rainfall amount and frequency peaks during early-morning accounts for 81.9% and 88.1% of all stations, respectively. However, the rainfall frequency has single early-morning peak diurnal characteristics. The gauge elevation has a significant impact on the diurnal variations of the early-morning rainfall. With elevation increasing in four study regions, the proportions of the rainfall amount (frequency) that occurs during early-morning periods decrease. Different duration hours of rainfall events have distinct diurnal variation and phase features.
Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Subtypes Differ in their Genetic Correlations with Physical Activity, Circadian Rhythm, and Sleep
Authors: Sirignano Lea , Streit Fabian , Frank Josef , Zillich Lea , Witt Stephanie , Rietschel Marcella , Foo Jerome 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Alterations in biological rhythms are features of mood disorders. Patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) show decreased physical activity compared to healthy controls. Bipolar disorder (BIP) patients differ in their activity patterns during different mood phases, and in comparison to their non-affected relatives and healthy controls. In both MDD and BIP, circadian rhythms can be disrupted, accompanied by sleep problems and changes in sleep duration. It is unclear whether the observed associations are due to common etiology or if they are influenced by the current mood state in which they are observed. Here, we used summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) to test the genetic correlations of MDD, BIP-I, and BIP-II with physical activity (overall physical activity, moderate activity, sedentary behavior), circadian rhythm (relative amplitude) and sleep features (sleep duration, daytime sleepiness). MDD showed positive genetic correlations with sedentary behavior, and negative correlations with overall physical activity and moderate activity, while BIP-I showed associations in the opposite direction. MDD and BIP-II had negative genetic correlations with relative amplitude. All mood disorders were positively genetically correlated with daytime sleepiness. The correlational patterns show that MDD and BIP-I differ the most in their correlations with biological rhythms with BIP-II seemingly occupying a intermediate position. Furthermore, our results suggest that the clinically observed associations between mood disorders and biological rhythms have shared genetic underpinnings. Future research considering possible joint mechanisms may offer potential avenues for improving disease detection and treatment.
LncRNA SOX2-OT Participates in Parkinson’s Disease Through Regulating miRNA-942-5p/NAIF1 Axis
Authors: Guo Yabi , Liu Yanyang , Wang Hong , Liu Peijun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease. Studies have shown that lncRNA SOX2-OT was highly expressed in PD patients, but its specific functions and mechanisms still need further research. This study aimed to explore whether lncRNA SOX2-OT could regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis in PD in vitro model and explored the underlying mechanism. An in vitro PD cell model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). The results of the biological software analysis and luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-942-5p was a direct target of lncRNA SOX2-OT, and NAIF1 was a direct target of miR-942-5p. Experiments showed that the expression levels of lncRNA SOX2-OT and NAIF1 were increased, and miR-942-5p expression was decreased in SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ treatment. In addition, MPP+ treatment reduced SH-SY5Y cell viability, induced apoptosis, increased cleaved-Caspase3 protein expression, and increased cleaved-Caspase3/Caspase3 ratio, increased LDH viability, and increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ROS in SH-SY5Y cells, reduced SOD activity, however, all these effects were inhibited by SOX2-OT-siRNA, and these inhibitions were reversed by miR-942-5p inhibitor. Moreover, the protective role of miR-942-5p mimic in MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cells was significantly eliminated by NAIF1-plasmid. In summary, this study confirmed that lncRNA SOX2-OT regulated oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal apoptosis via directly regulating the miR-942-5p/NAIF1 signal axis, and then participated in the occurrence and development of PD. These data provide a new potential targets for PD diagnosis and treatment.
Optimal Design and Experimental Verification of Low Radiation Noise of Gearbox
Authors: Liu Lan , Kang Kun , Xi Yingjie , Hu Zhengxi , Gong Jingyi , Liu Geng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the radiation noise prediction, low-noise optimization design and experiment of gearbox are studied. Firstly, taking a single-stage herringbone gearbox as the research object, a finite element/boundary element model is established. Considering the vibration excitation of gear system, the radiation noise of single-stage gearbox is predicted based on modal acoustic transfer vector (MATV) method. Then, the maximum field point of radiated noise is determined, and the acoustic transfer vector (ATV) analysis and modal acoustic contribution(MAC) analysis are carried out to determine the region which contributes greatly to the radiated noise of the field point. Through the panel acoustic contribution(PAC) analysis, the optimization region is selected. Then, aiming at reducing the normal speed in the optimization region, topology optimization is carried out. According to the topology optimization results, noise reduction structures are added to the gearbox, and a low-noise optimization model of the gearbox is established. Finally, by measuring the radiated noise of the gearbox before and after optimization under a given working condition, the validity of the radiated noise prediction method and the low-noise optimization design method are verified by comparing the simulation and experimental data.
Development of a Local Model for Measuring the Work of Surgeons
Authors: Forootan Sara , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Janati Ali , Najafi Behzad , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The relative value unit is the main method of calculating physician reimbursements and a tool for measuring the work of surgeons. Existing evidence shows that work RVU does not accurately represent the surgeon's work. Therefore, the current study attempts to develop a local model to measure surgeons' work.Methods: This study was conducted in two main phases of determining the metrics and model development using quantitative and qualitative approaches from December 2019 to April 2021.The Literature review, focused group discussions, and interviews were used to collect data. Content analysis and Exploratory Data Analysis techniques were applied to analyze data.Results: The findings demonstrated that patient's conditions (age, severity of disease at referring time, and comorbidities), disease specifications (time, complexity, physical effort, and risk), and provider characteristic (surgeon’s willingness, imposed stress, and surgeon’s skill) were important by 17, 51, and 32%, respectively, in determining surgeons' work. Conclusions: Determining a fixed value for each procedure does not accurately estimate the amount of required surgeon’s work for any procedure. Many factors, such as the patient's condition, surgeon's characteristics, and the disease specification affect surgeons' work in the operation room. Proper measurement of the surgeon's work is an important step towards establishing equity in payment in the health system.
Cost-Utility of Tiotropium in Patients With Severe Asthma
Authors: Buendia Jefferson Antonio , Patino Diana Guerrero 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAn important proportion of asthma patients remain uncontrolled despite the use of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists. Some add-on therapies, as tiotropium bromide have been recommended for this subgroup of patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of tiotropium as add-on therapies to ICS + LABA for patients with severe asthma. Methods A probabilistic Markov model was created to estimate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of patients with severe asthma in Colombia. Total costs and QALYS of two interventions including standard therapy (ICS + LABA), add-on therapy with tiotropium, were calculated over a lifetime horizon. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness-to-pay value of $19,000. ResultsThe model suggests a potential gain of 1.06 QALYs per patient per year on tiotropium, with a difference of US$ 478 in favor of tiotropium; showing dominance respect to standard therapy. A position of dominance negates the need to calculate an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. In the deterministic sensitivity analyses, our base‐case results were robust to variations of all assumptions and parameters Conclusion Add-on therapy with tiotropium was found to be cost-effective when added to usual care in patients who remain uncontrolled despite treatment with medium or high-dose ICS/LABA. Our study provides evidence that should be used by decision-makers to improve clinical practice guidelines and should be replicated to validate their results in other middle-income countries.