bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The high co-existence rate of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis in human faecal samples and the analysis of demographic and clinical findings
Authors: MALATYALİ Erdogan , YILDIZ İbrahim , TİLEKLİOGLU Evren , ERTABAKLAR Hatice , ERTUĞ Sema 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) are among the most common protozoon species in human faecal samples. The cross-sectional studies have reported the frequencies in a variety of populations. However, we have very limited information about the co-existence rate of those protozoans. The study aimed to compare D. fragilis frequency in Blastocystis positive and negative faecal samples in order to determine the co-existence rate. The secondary objective was to analyse demographic characteristics and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in relation to both infections.
Material and Method: In the present study, we defined a study group that included 100 Blastocystis positive faecal samples and a control group that included 100 Blastocystis negative samples. The frequency of D. fragilis in samples was determined with a PCR assay specific to the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) gene. A positive control of D. fragilis was used and the samples with amplification of the expected size (863 bp) were considered as positive. In addition to the statistical comparison of frequencies, the descriptive and clinical findings of cases were analysed retrospectively with Pearson chi-square or ANOVA tests.
Results: The frequency of D. fragilis was 21% in Blastocystis positive group and it was 10% in Blastocystis negative group. There was statistically significant difference in terms of D. fragilis positivity between the groups (p 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study highlighted the high co-existence of D. fragilis and Blastocystis in human faecal samples. A possible explanation for this finding may be the faecal-oral transmission of these protozoans. In addition, analysis of clinical findings was supported common asymptomatic colonisation of Blastocystis and D. fragilis.
The effect of restorative dentistry practices on the vital signs of healthy individuals
Authors: BAKIR Elif Pınar , BAKIR Şeyhmus , ÜNAL Samican , UYSAL Ersin 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Clinical applications of dentistry, the tools and drugs used increase the effects of anxiety and stress factors that we encounter before the treatment, but also cause changes in the life symptoms of the patients. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of Restorative Dentistry applications on vital signs parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation of healthy individuals before and after the interventional procedure.
Material and Method: In the study, blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature and oxygen saturation values ​​of 100 patients without any systemic disease were measured before clinical applications. Following the treatment intervention, the same parameters were measured again and evaluated by comparing the previous and next values.
Result: In the patients who were not applied local anesthesia, the post-treatment measurement values ​​of the body temperature parameter were significantly higher than the initial measurement values ​​(p0.05). In patients who were applied local anesthesia, the last measurement values ​​of body temperature and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower than the initial measurement values ​​(p0.05).
Conclusion: We think that measures such as a relationship based on mutual trust, approaching expectations with understanding, informing about interventional procedures and operating consent processes will prevent patients from anxiety during the session and keep vital parameter values ​​at a normal level.
The evaluation of the cases with extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: TARAKÇI Arzu , EROĞLU Esma , ÇÖLKESEN Fatma , KACAR Fatma , ÖZDEMİR ARMAĞAN Şule , CAN Selver 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) that can involve all organs is a disease progressing with a wide range of clinical presentations. It is especially difficult to diagnose the cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) due to the atypical course, and the cases of EPTB constitute approximately 35% of all TB cases in our country. In our study, it was aimed to examine the distribution rates, diagnostic methods, and treatment processes of EPTB in terms of the involved systems.
Material-Method: Of 308 patients diagnosed with TB, 119 cases having EPTB were retrospectively analyzed in The Konya Training and Research Hospital of Health Sciences University between 1st January 2015 and 30th June 2019.
Results: While 119 (38.6%) EPTB cases of 308 cases diagnosed with TB were included in the study. 63 (52.9%) and 56 (47%) patients were women and men, respectively. The average age was found as 44.42±18.8 years (min: 18- max: 91 years). The distribution of involvement sites of EPTB was as follows: lymphadenitis, 45.3%; pleural tuberculosis, 24.3%; peritonitis, 14.2%; bone-joint tuberculosis, 7.5%; meningitis, 2.5%; miliary tuberculosis, 1.6%; others, 4.2%. In terms of EPTB, 83 (69.7%) cases were diagnosed histopathologically, 28 (23.5%) and nine (7.5%) were found to have culture and acido-resistant bacilli (ARB) positivity, respectively. A total of 29 (24.3%) cases were diagnosed microbiologically, and the purified protein derivative (PPD) positivity was detected in 106 (89%) cases. While the success rate of the treatment was found to be 93.2%, the mortality rate was measured as 3.3%.
Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that TB is a common multisystem disease in our country and may present itself with a wide range of symptoms. In the presence of clinical suspicion, supportive tests should be performed; biopsy and culture samples should be obtained from the appropriate tissues; anti-TB treatment should be initiated at once if clinicians have sufficient evidence.
Brief review of parathyroid adenoma; problems caused by water clear cells
Authors: ERDEM Havva , PEKER Hakan 
Published: July 2021

Water clear cells; they can be seen in many tumors such as germ cell tumors, kidney tumors, lymphomas, sarcomas, thymic carcinomas, parathyroid carcinomas, paraganglioma. They may be primary or may occur as a result of metastatic conditions. Therefore, histopathologically differential diagnosis may be difficult or confusing. Clinical findings, radiological findings and histopathological evaluation may be required for differential diagnosis.
Here, as immunohistochemically; a case with parathormone, CD10 positive and synaptophysin negative and CD10 positivity in the area where clear cells are dominant is presented.
The case was reported as water clear cell (WCC) component dominant parathyroid adenoma with clinical, biochemical, radiological evaluation and histopathology and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
THE STATE OF PLATELET HEMOSTASIS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE COMBINED WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Bazhenova N.M. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Platelet activation and platelet aggregation are central processes in the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease and thrombosis. The relationship between cardiovascular morbidity and mortality varies with the presence of other concomitant cardiovascular risk factors.
Objective. To determine the state of platelet hemostasis in patients with essential hypertension (HT), with concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Materials and methods. 152 patients were examined: 72 men and 80 women. Three groups were identified: I - 46 patients with stage II HT without concomitant NAFLD, II - 54 patients with NAFLD without HT, group III - 52 patients with HT and concomitant NAFLD. A study of total platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet count (PCT) and spontaneous platelet aggregation was performed.
Results. The level of mean platelet volume (MPV) in both groups of patients with hepatic steatosis exceeded control values equally - by 6%, both in patients with NAFLD (p<0.001) and in NAFLD with concomitant hypertension (p<0.01). In patients of the NAFLD group and hypertension, the relative width of the platelet distribution by volume (PDW) had high values - 2% (p<0.05) higher than in the control cohort, and 2.4% (p<0.05) than in patients with isolated HT. An increase in the degree of spontaneous aggregation in patients of all surveyed groups compared to controls. So in patients with HT II stage. spontaneous aggregation increased 2.2 times (p<0.001), while in both groups of patients with hepatic steatosis, the increase in spontaneous platelet activity was twice as high: in patients with NAFLD - 4.3 times (p<0.001), in patients with HT II stage. and concomitant NAFLD - 4.1 times (p<0.001).
Conclusion. NAFLD is accompanied by an increased in MPV, the size of which correlates with their functional activity. In patients with isolated NAFLD, a statistically significant increase in spontaneous platelet aggregation is also observed, which allows considering NAFLD as one of the risk factors for thrombophilic changes in the primary hemostasis.
GIPERCRYOGLOBULINEMIA SUCH PATOPHYSIOLOGICAL LINK IN THE POSTOPERATIVE COMLICATIONS FOR STOMACH CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Bagmut I.Yu. , Movchan O.V. , Gramatiuk S.M. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. An important issue is predicting the development of complications after surgery for gastric cancer. The most formidable is the failure of the sutures of gastroenteroanastomosis, which in most cases leads to mortality. Therefore, it is important to search for factors and markers to predict the development of these complications. One of the main markers that need to be studied are factors and markers of inflammation.
Objective: to determine of pathophysiological regularities in the development of gastroenteroanastomoses leakage in patients who operated for stomach cancer depends on cryoglobulin level.
Materials and methods. An analysis was carried out without a median result in the treatment of 50 patients, which were promptly operated for stomach cancer with distal subtotal resection of the stomach with the formation of gastroenteroanastomosis from 2013 to 2017. The determination of the blood counts was performed according to the method of A.E. Kalovidoris with modifications. An assessment was made of the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3), and the middle target - T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8), as well as CD4 and CD16 in patients with stomach cancer in the postoperative period.
Results. 6 patients, on the background have had gastroenteroanastomoses leakage. Dynamic monitoring of blood cryoglobulinemia throughout the entire period of surgery in patients with cancer of the gaster, revealing the inadequacy of the concentration of the cryoglobulins. In the peripheral blood of patients, the CD3 + number is significantly reduced (66.2 ± 0.5%, p <0.05).
Conclusions. In such a rank, carried out until the last day, it was established that in patients with cryoglobulinemia that are operated for the stomach cancer, the secondary immune deficiency can form, so that the level of blood cells in the blood is accelerated.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN THE PRESENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Moskalyuk V.D. , Randiuk Y.O. , Balanyuk I.V. , Kolotylo T.R. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. In today's world, the attention of health professionals in each country is focused on the outbreak of acute respiratory disease, called coronavirus disease in 2019 - COVID-19. Today there is an increase in the incidence of this disease both in Ukraine and abroad, the disease is more severe, mortality has increased and the percentage of diseases among children has increased.
Objective іs to analyze the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in Bukovina.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical histories of patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, who were hospitalized in the infectious department of OKNP "Chernivtsi Regional Clinical Hospital".
Results. The age of patients ranged from 22 to 79 years; the average age is 53.6 years. There were 35 men and 30 women (53.8 and 46.2%, respectively). In most patients the course of the disease was moderate, and only 6% of patients had a severe course of the disease. Each hospitalized patient had bronchial and pulmonary lesions, which were confirmed radiologically and by computed tomography (CT). The structure of diagnosed pneumonia was dominated by bilateral lung damage (98.3%). Symptoms of gastrointestinal lesions were noted in 11 patients (16.9%).
Conclusions. According to our observations, we can conclude that susceptibility to a new coronavirus infection is common. However, the elderly, as well as patients with comorbidities, are more likely to develop severe symptoms and higher mortality. Patients at risk with severe course (6%) required special attention. In the early stages of the disease, the use of minimal respiratory support through oxygen therapy is justified.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF FATIGUE. Review
Authors: Marakusyn D.I. , Chernobay L.V. , Vaschuk M.A , Isaieva I.М. , Karmazina I.S. , Mamon M.O. , Holovko M.D. 
Published: July 2021

Relevance. Fatigue, both intellectual and physical, reduces the efficiency of daily activities and quality of life, in addition, fatigue is one of the factors contributing to the development of various pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and others. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue, which will improve prevention and development.
Objective: to analyze the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of fatigue.
Methods. Analysis of scientific publications of the international scientific database PubMed by keywords. The following research methods were used in writing the paper: systematization of material, analysis and generalization.
Results. In this article we discussed the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of fatigue. The correlation between fatigue and the general mental condition, physiological, biochemical processes, activity of neurotransmitters, intellectual and physical activity, food has been defined. The central and peripheral mechanisms of fatigue were considered. Central fatigue is divided into spinal and supraspinal and involves the neuromuscular junction. Peripheral fatigue occurs at the level of the muscles and mainly involves muscle bioenergetics or an excitation-contraction coupling.
Currently fatigue is considered as a general reaction to stress that lasts for a period of time, taken in an account the cumulative effects of days, weeks or months, and the effects of sleep disorders are also very important, because the effects of fatigue are closely linked to sleep deprivation. Therefore, the time required for recovery depends on the severity of fatigue. There are currently many research methods, such as electromyography, transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy, which are useful in undestending the physiological correlates of fatigue.
In turn, psychological, behavioral or physical triggers can have a beneficial effect against the development of acute fatigue and improve performance, as well as provide a better understanding of the function of neurotransmitters, physiological and biochemical processes important in the development of body fatigue in general.
ARCHITECTURE OF BASILIAN MONASTERIES IN THE PROCESS OF FORMING THE SACRED IMAGE OF THE CITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Diachok Oksana 
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the peculiarities of the formation of the sacred image of the modern Ternopil region under the influence of the architecture of the Basilian monastery complexes. Active missionary activity of the Order led to the founding, construction and reconstruction of ancient monasteries, which today are the decoration of the settlements of the region. These architectural ensembles are expressive compositional dominants in the historical environment of cities.
The most famous monastic complexes in Ternopil include the Holy Dormition Pochayiv Lavra, the main buildings of which were built in the union period, the Basilian Monastery in Buchach, the Uhornytsky (Pidhoryansky) Monastery, and the Basilian Monastery near Strusov. The buildings of monasteries are monuments of sacred art and important objects of national cultural heritage. Innovations that affected the ideological doctrine were reflected in the construction of the church: from a closed space monasteries turned into representative open complexes. In the interior of the temples, low partitions were replaced by wall altars, confessionals appeared, and so on. Some of the surviving altars today are masterpieces of sacred art. The Basilian monasteries reached their peak in the Baroque era under the patronage of wealthy families and with the involvement of leading European and Ukrainian architects. Their architecture forms the historical and cultural appearance of the Ternopil region. Monasteries represented the Western Ukrainian identity, performed sacred, defensive, cultural, functions, became an important part of the planning and figurative structure of cities and still give them an ideological color.
The research convinces us of the importance of preserving monastic complexes, which carry the genetic memory of the nation, help to reconnect with our own historical past and complement our knowledge of the history of architecture.
ON THE PROBLEM OF GENESIS OF THE CROSS-DOMED ARCHITECTURAL TYPE
Authors: Logvyn Natalia 
Published: July 2021

The article concerns constructive peculiarities of Armenian cross-domed churches in comparison with Byzantine monuments of the same period.
Cross-domed type occupies the central place in the architecture of Eastern Christian countries. Central part of the type consists of nine bays, the central bay is a large square, the corner bays smaller squares, the remaining four bays are rectangular. Central bay, limited with four supports, is domed, corner bays and rectangular bays are vaulted. The character of underdome supports determines constructive and compositional structure of cross-domed building.
Cross-domed architectural type appeared in Armenia during the V – the VI-th centuries on the ground of synthesis of vaulted basilicas with pillars and centrally-planned domed martyria and gained its highest development at the VII-th century – a great century of Armenian church building. Masons have developed construction of cross-domed edifice that reduced thrust of dome and was resistant against destroying earthquakes.
Great cross-domed cathedrals at Dvin, Thalin, Bagavan, Mren and some others have been built during the seventh century. Four mighty pillars supporting domes of the monuments were of complicated forms and had 3 to 9 square meters in plan. Large domes crowning cathedrals were 8 to 11 m in diameter, cеntral underdome space dominates within edifice. Constructive structure of the building corresponds with its outward architectural composition.
A lot of Byzantine churches built during the X-th – the XII-th centuries, especially those of Constantinople, were of the cross-domed architectural type, also named by some scholars as “cross-inscribed” type or “church on four columns”. The core of those Byzantine churches also consists of nine bays, its central bay covered with a dome resting on four supports. These supports consist of two different parts – column (in its lower part) and a wall over it. Such construction of dome supports limited the development of the architectural composition of cross-domed Byzantine churches which are rather small structures.
In contrast to Byzantine squat churches “on four columns” Armenian cross-domed cathedrals have large dimensions and expressive architectural compositions.
The outbreak of lung injuries often known as "EVALI" was nothing to do with nicotine vaping
Authors: Bates Clive 
Published: July 2021

INTRODUCTION. Many commentators, activists, academics and public health agencies continue to assert or imply that an outbreak of severe and fatal lung injuries that occurred primarily in the United States between mid-2019 and early 2020 may have been caused in part by nicotine vaping. This condition is often known as “EVALI” (E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use-Associated Lung Injury), a term coined by the US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

ANALYSIS. An examination of the evidence shows that _EVALI cannot have been caused by nicotine vaping_. The characteristics of the lung injury outbreak are consistent with localised supply chain contamination. The contaminant has been identified and is known to be Vitamin E Acetate. This had been used as a thickener or cutting agent in illicit Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis vape pens. This agent cannot be mixed with nicotine vaping liquids and would serve no useful purpose if it could be. No other cause or causal agent has been identified that would both implicate nicotine liquids and be consistent with the geographical and temporal pattern of the lung injury outbreak. There is a vanishingly small chance that a second independent cause would be found in nicotine liquids, coinciding with the same geography, timing and symptoms as Vitamin E Acetate contamination of THC oils. Further, it is implausible that this hypothetical and currently unidentified cause would disappear in early 2020 without some remedial action in nicotine vaping products. But there has been no identifiable remedial action - nicotine vaping products have not changed, but EVALI has largely gone. Residual uncertainties are likely to be due to the unreliable testimony of users regarding their use of THC.

IMPLICATIONS. The attribution of nicotine vaping as a cause of EVALI should stop. The term EVALI is misleading and should be retired and replaced. Risk communicators should shoulder their responsibility to correct residual false risk perceptions. There should be an objective inquiry into how EVALI was handled. Serious consideration should be given to the advantages of legalising and regulating cannabis products.
Az észak-alföldi és észak-magyarországi régiókban fogyatékossággal élő tanulók szabadidő-eltöltési szokásai
Authors: Laoues-Czimbalmos Nóra 
Published: July 2021

A fogyatékossággal élő tanulók szabadidő-eltöltési szokásait vizsgáltam, mely segíthet bennünket az igények feltárásában, a fogyasztói trendek kijelölésében és a motiváció megismerésében, mely a fogyatékossággal élő személyek számára az igényfelmérésen alapuló kínálat vagy szabadidős szolgáltatás kialakításában. A kutatást az Észak-alföldi és Észak magyarországi régióban végeztem, azok között a tanulók között, akik gyógypedagógiai és integrált nevelésben-oktatásban vesznek részt (N = 1158) általános- és középfokú oktatási intézményekben. A kérdőív kitöltetését a 2018/2019 és 2019/2020-as tanévekben a FODISZ (Fogyatékosok Országos Diáksport,-Versenysport és Szabadidősport Szövetsége) segítségével töltettük ki. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgált tanulók 60,4%-a sportol kötelező mindennapos testnevelés tanórán kívül, azonban még mindig a passzív szabadidős tevékenységek dominálnak, mint a zenehallgatás, tv nézés. A sportolás ösztönzése a szabadidősportot űzők arányának növelése fontos, hiszen a fogyatékkal élők testi-lelki egészségének megőrzését, állapotuk javítását és képességeik fejlesztését is jelentheti.