bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mild behavioural impairment domains: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Yining , Shea Yat‐Fung , Ismail Zahinoor , Mak Henry Ka‐Fung , Chiu Patrick Ka‐Chun , Chu Leung‐Wing , Song You‐qiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundMild behavioural impairment (MBI) is a neurobehavioural syndrome characterised by later life emergence of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms. Our previous meta‐analysis showed that MBI is prevalent among cognitively normal (CN), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects. This study is to calculate the pooled prevalence of MBI domains among CN, SCI, and MCI subjects.MethodsA search of relevant literature published between 1 January 2003 and 6 August 2021 was conducted. Meta‐analysis using a random effects model and meta‐regression was performed.ResultsTen studies conducted among 12 067 subjects (9758 CN, 1057 SCI and 1252 MCI) with retrievable MBI domains data underwent meta‐analysis, revealing pooled prevalence of affective dysregulation (AFD), impulse dyscontrol (IDS), decreased motivation (DMT), social inappropriateness (SIP) and abnormal perception/thought (APT) of 32.84% (95% CI 24.44–42.5%), 26.67% (95% CI 18.24–37.23%), 12.58% (95% CI 6.93–21.75%), 6.05% (95% CI 3.44–10.42%), and 2.81% (95% CI 1.67–4.69%) respectively. AFD and APT domains demonstrated ordinal increase in pooled prevalence from CN, SCI and MCI subgroups, but meta‐regression demonstrated no significant difference in MBI domains prevalence among cognitive subgroups (in contrast to the significant increase in MBI prevalence from CN to SCI to MCI). The pooled prevalence of AFD and IDS are greater than that of DMT, SIP and APT among all cognitive subgroups. Several variables were found to explain the high heterogeneity.ConclusionsAFD and IDS are the two most prevalent MBI domains and remain the same with cognitive deterioration. This finding is potentially relevant to clinical practice.
Effect of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy on exercise tolerance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Harada Jumpei , Nagata Kazuma , Morimoto Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Matsunashi Atsushi , Sato Yuki , Tachikawa Ryo , Ishikawa Akira , Tomii Keisuke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveExercise capacity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is limited by exercise‐induced hypoxaemia. This study aimed to examine the effect of high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) on exercise tolerance in patients with IPF.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre, open‐label, randomized crossover trial to compare HFNC and Venturi mask (VM) therapy in terms of exercise tolerance. Patients underwent constant‐load symptom‐limited exercise testing at 80% peak work rate with HFNC or a VM in a randomized order. The settings were 60 L/min and a 50% fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) for HFNC and 12 L/min and 50% FiO2 for VM. The primary outcome was endurance time, and the secondary outcomes were heart rate (HR), percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), dyspnoea and leg fatigue, as determined by the modified Borg Scale at the isotime and endpoint, and the level of comfort while using the devices.ResultsTwenty‐four participants (75.0% men; age, median [interquartile range]: 77.5 [68.8–83.0] years) were enrolled. Compared with VM, HFNC significantly improved the endurance time (647.5 s [454.0–1014.8] vs. 577.5 s [338.0–861.5]), minimum SpO2 (96.0% [95.0–98.0] vs. 94.0% [92.8–96.0]) and leg fatigue at the isotime (3.0 [1.6–4.0] vs. 5.0 [3.0–6.3]) and endpoint (4.0 [2.8–5.0] vs. 5.0 [3.8–6.3]). Differences in maximum HR, dyspnoea at the isotime and endpoint and comfort were non‐significant between HFNC and VM therapy.ConclusionHFNC increased exercise tolerance in patients with stable IPF experiencing exercise‐induced hypoxaemia.
Improving data quality of smartphone‐based activity–travel survey: A framework for data post‐processing
Authors: Zhang Yaxuan , Song Ying , Fan Yingling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe smartphone‐based activity–travel survey has emerged as an approach to collect detailed data on individuals’ activities and trips throughout the day. The collected data are usually structured as a series of consecutive activity and trip episodes. Recent studies have used these data to advance our understanding of individuals’ activity–travel patterns. However, few studies have explicitly described how to handle new quality issues of such data. This article develops a framework and methods to systematically detect and handle quality issues in the smartphone‐based activity–travel survey data to ensure attribute completeness and logical consistency. For attribute completeness, we check if each episode contains all the required thematic, temporal, and spatial attributes. For logical consistency, we check if two consecutive episodes are logically inconsistent regarding spatial and temporal continuity. We classify invalid episodes into distinct groups using mixture models, clustering, and a transition matrix. For each group, we propose specific improvement methods. To demonstrate our methods, we use data collected in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA, as a study case. The results show that our framework can systematically deal with various data quality issues. We also show how data before and after quality control may lead to different observations about individuals' behavior patterns.
The Experiences and Perceptions of Nurses Interacting With Research Literature: A Qualitative Systematic Review to Guide Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Hines Sonia , Ramsbotham Joanne , Coyer Fiona 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is an evidence that some nurses struggle with reading and using research. This struggle becomes a barrier to engaging in evidence‐based practice (EBP). Personal beliefs, attitudes about research, and difficulties with research language and statistics have been reported as important variables in quantitative studies.AimsThe aim of this review was to explore nurses' experiences and perceptions of interacting with research literature for work or educational purposes.MethodsStudies eligible for inclusion were qualitative, published in English from years 2009–2020, and included registered nurses engaged in interaction with research literature for any work or educational purpose. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s qualitative systematic review methods were used.ResultsWe included 11 qualitative studies with 186 participants. Most studies used focus groups or semi‐structured interviews to collect data. Overall, study quality was moderate. We extracted 29 findings, which were synthesized into five categories, and meta‐aggregated into one synthesis. Research is a complex field of engagement for nurses, who simultaneously value its contribution to their profession and feel the burden of unsupported expectations. Nurses perceive a double standard in their workplaces where expectations of using evidence in practice are often discussed, but EBP education and access to literature can be hard to access.Linking Evidence to ActionEducators conducting research education should consider the complex emotional reactions this activity may engender in participants who may feel unprepared by their previous experience or education. Clinicians and workplace leaders trying to encourage the use of evidence in practice should consider the source of any reluctance to engage. An observed lack of engagement in their staff may be related to issues with understanding the materials.
Oh G: The x, y and z of human physiological responses to acceleration
Authors: Pollock Ross D. , Hodkinson Peter D. , Smith Thomas G. 
Published: November 2021

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?This review focuses on the main physiological challenges associated with exposure to acceleration in the Gx, Gy and Gz directions and to microgravity.
What advances does it highlight?Our current understanding of the physiology of these environments and latest strategies to protect against them are discussed in light of the limited knowledge we have in some of these areas.
AbstractThe desire to go higher, faster and further has taken us to environments where the accelerations placed on our bodies far exceed or are much lower than that attributable to Earth's gravity. While on the ground, racing drivers of the fastest cars are exposed to high degrees of lateral acceleration (Gy) during cornering. In the air, while within the confines of the lower reaches of Earth's atmosphere, fast jet pilots are routinely exposed to high levels of acceleration in the head–foot direction (Gz). During launch and re‐entry of suborbital and orbital spacecraft, astronauts and spaceflight participants are exposed to high levels of chest–back acceleration (Gx), whereas once in space the effects of gravity are all but removed (termed microgravity, μG). Each of these environments has profound effects on the homeostatic mechanisms within the body and can have a serious impact, not only for those with underlying pathology but also for healthy individuals. This review provides an overview of the main challenges associated with these environments and our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological adaptations to them. Where relevant, protection strategies are discussed, with the implications of our future exposure to these environments also being considered.
Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of deprescribing in falls prevention in older people
Authors: Seppala Lotta J , Kamkar Nellie , Ryg Jesper , Masud Tahir , Daams Joost , Montero-Odasso Manuel M , Hartikainen Sirpa , Petrovic Mirko , van der Velde Nathalie 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionOne of the known risk factors for fall incidents is the use of specific medications, fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs). However, to date, there is uncertainty related to the effectiveness of deprescribing as a single intervention in falls prevention. Thus, a comprehensive update of the literature focusing on all settings in which older people receive healthcare and all deprescribing interventions is warranted to enhance the current knowledge.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO (2 November 2020). We will also search in trial registers. We will include randomised controlled trials, in which any deprescribing intervention is compared with usual care and reports falls as an outcome. Both title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be done by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration revised tool of Risk of Bias will be applied to perform risk of bias assessment. We will categorise the results separately for every setting. If a group of sufficiently comparable studies will be identified, we will perform a meta-analysis applying random effects model. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot along with consideration of the χ2test and the I2statistic results. We have prespecified several subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not applicable for this study since no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Furthermore, this systematic review will inform the recommendations of working group of polypharmacy and FRIDs of the anticipated World’s Falls Guidelines.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020218231.
Association of chiropractic integration in an Ontario community health centre with prescription opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Emary Peter C , Oremus Mark , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Busse Jason W 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionEmerging evidence from a number of primary care centres suggests that integration of chiropractic services into chronic pain management is associated with improved clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction as well as with reductions in physician visits, specialist referrals use of advanced imaging and prescribing of analgesics. However, formal assessments of the integration of chiropractic services into primary care settings are sparse, and the impact of such integration on prescription opioid use in chronic pain management remains uncertain. To help address this knowledge gap, we will conduct a mixed methods health service evaluation of an integrated chiropractic back pain programme in an urban community health centre in Ontario, Canada. This centre provides services to vulnerable populations with high unemployment rates, multiple comorbidities and musculoskeletal disorders that are commonly managed with prescription opioids.Methods and analysisWe will use a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, which consists of a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, we will conduct a retrospective chart review and evaluate whether receipt of chiropractic services is associated with reduced opioid use among patients already prescribed opioid therapy for chronic pain. We will measure opioid prescriptions (ie, opioid fills, number of refills and dosages) by reviewing electronic medical records of recipients and non-recipients of chiropractic services between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020 and use multivariable regression analysis to examine the association. In the qualitative phase, we will conduct in-depth, one-on-one interviews of patients and their general practitioners to explore perceptions of chiropractic integration and its impact on opioid use.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board at McMaster University (approval number 2021–10930). The results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and in-person or webinar presentations to community members and healthcare professionals.
Effects of a workplace exercise intervention on cardiometabolic health: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Alrahma Ali Muneer , Habib Mansoor Anwar , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Loney Tom , Boillat Thomas , Shah Syed M , Ahmed Luai A , Nauman Javaid 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe worldwide rising levels of physical inactivity especially in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the Eastern Mediterranean region are alarming. The UAE reports one of the highest rates of non-communicable disease mortality and insufficient physical activity (PA) is a major underlying cause. Therefore, action is required to reduce physical inactivity using evidence-based strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a worksite exercise intervention on cardiometabolic health in the UAE.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a pragmatic parallel randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio to the intervention group and delayed intervention group. A total of 150 participants will be recruited from a semigovernment telecommunications company in Dubai (UAE) after meeting the eligibility criteria. The intervention group will receive 2 hours of exercise per week during working hours for 12 weeks (maximum 1 hour/day). The intervention group will be assigned to attend personal trainer sessions in the workplace gym throughout the intervention period. After the intervention is completed, the delayed intervention group will also receive 2 hours of exercise time per week from working hours for 4 weeks. The main outcome measure is the change in the cardiometabolic risk components, that is, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline to the end of the intervention. The secondary outcome is to examine whether the workplace exercise intervention improves PA levels 4 weeks postintervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Dubai Scientific Research Ethics Committee (DSREC-SR-08/2019_02). The results will be disseminated as follows: at various national and international scientific conferences; as part of a PhD thesis in Public Health at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University; and in a manuscript submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04403789.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in current and former recreational and elite cricketers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Panagodage-Perera Nirmala K , Bullock Garrett Scott , Arden Nigel K , Filbay Stephanie R 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveFormer sports participants do not necessarily maintain high levels of physical activity (PA) across their lifespan. Considering physical inactivity in former athletes is associated with an increased susceptibility to inactivity-related chronic diseases, research into PA behaviours in cricketers of all playing-standards is needed. The objective was to (1) describe PA and sedentary behaviour in current and former cricketers, and (2) determine the odds of current, former, recreational and elite cricketers meeting PA guidelines and health-enhancing PA (HEPA) compared with the general population.Study designCross-sectional survey.SettingQuestionnaire response, UK.Participants2267 current and former cricketers (age: 52±15 years, male: 97%, current: 59%, recreational: 45%) participated. Cricketers were recruited through the Cricket Health and Wellbeing Study and met eligibility requirements (aged ≥18 years; played ≥1 year of cricket).Primary and secondary outcomesAge-matched and sex-matched data from Health Survey for England 2015 (n=3201) was used as the general population-based sample. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form assessed PA. Logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, education and ethnicity were used to meet the second aim.Results90% of current and 82% of former cricketers met UK PA guidelines. Current (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.49)) and elite (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78) cricketers had greater odds of meeting UK PA guidelines, and elite cricketers had greater odds of HEPA (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.42), compared with the general population. Former cricketers had reduced odds (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99) of meeting the UK PA guidelines compared with the general population.ConclusionsElite cricketers had a greater odds of meeting the PA guidelines and HEPA, compared with the general population. Former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population. Strategies are needed to transition cricketers to an active lifestyle after retirement, since former cricketers demonstrated reduced odds of meeting the PA guidelines compared with the general population.
Lived experiences of patients with placenta accreta spectrum in Utah: a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews
Authors: Einerson Brett D , Watt Melissa H , Sartori Brittney , Silver Robert , Rothwell Erin 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo describe the lived experience of patients undergoing diagnosis and treatment of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).DesignQualitative study of semi-structured interviews. A content analysis was used to analyse interview data using a consistent set of codes to designate data segments that contain similar material. Codes were analysed and grouped based on thematic similarities. Thematic results were systematically reviewed, verified and audited to address trustworthiness and rigour of the data and analysis.SettingA single PAS programme in Utah, USA, from 2017 to 2020.ParticipantsPatients with PAS during the study period were eligible. Those experiencing fetal demise or termination were excluded. Of 25 patients contacted at random, 17 agreed to participate in interviews. Those included were predominantly non-Hispanic white, highly parous, with average age of 34.7 years.ResultsThe lived experiences of patients with PAS emerged across the time continuum from diagnosis, pregnancy, birth, to postpartum care and recovery. Themes common across the care continuum were: the emotional burden of diagnosis and management; fear and uncertainty related to health outcomes; and lack of autonomy and medical helplessness related to medical decision-making. Many patients experienced birth-related trauma, mourned the loss of future fertility and were dissatisfied with the lack of options for treatment for this serious pregnancy complication.ConclusionsPatients undergoing diagnosis and treatment for PAS often experienced care that conflicted with their goals for pregnancy and birth. Clinical care for PAS would benefit from interventions aiming to engage patients and providers in shared decision-making and systems designed to address the social, psychological and emotional needs of patients with PAS.
Low Pain Tolerance Is Associated With Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease, and Mortality: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Fladseth Kristina , Lindekleiv Haakon , Nielsen Christopher , Øhrn Andrea , Kristensen Andreas , Mannsverk Jan , Løchen Maja‐Lisa , Njølstad Inger , Wilsgaard Tom , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Stubhaug Audun , Trovik Thor , Rotevatn Svein , Forsdahl Signe , Schirmer Henrik 
Published: November 2021

Background
The initial presentation to coronary angiography and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) vary greatly among patients, from ischemia with no obstructive CAD to myocardial infarction with 3‐vessel disease. Pain tolerance has been suggested as a potential mechanism for the variation in presentation of CAD. We aimed to investigate the association between pain tolerance, coronary angiography, CAD, and death.

Methods and Results
We identified 9576 participants in the Tromsø Study (2007–2008) who completed the cold‐pressor pain test, and had no prior history of CAD. The median follow‐up time was 10.4 years. We applied Cox‐regression models with age as time‐scale to calculate hazard ratios (HR). More women than men aborted the cold pressor test (39% versus 23%). Participants with low pain tolerance had 19% increased risk of coronary angiography (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.03–1.38]) and 22% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.01–1.47]) adjusted by age as time‐scale and sex. Among women who underwent coronary angiography, low pain tolerance was associated with 54% increased risk of obstructive CAD (HR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.09–2.18]) compared with high pain tolerance. There was no association between pain tolerance and nonobstructive CAD or clinical presentation to coronary angiography (ie, stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction). Participants with low pain tolerance had increased risk of mortality after adjustment for CAD and cardiovascular risk factors (HR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.19–1.64]).

Conclusions
Low cold pressor pain tolerance is associated with a higher risk of coronary angiography and death.
The Anatomy of Stalinist Police States
Authors: Pucci Molly 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the building of Communist surveillance networks in Czechoslovakia and Poland in the early 1950s, focusing on the methods employed by the operational divisions of the secret police in these countries and their system of “preventative policing,” and shows how the secret police networks shaped the information reaching Communist party leaders and Soviet advisers in East-Central Europe during the Stalinist period. By examining how the regimes collected information on the economy, religious institutions, higher education, and other areas of everyday life, the article traces how blanket surveillance networks became more institutionalized, insular, and scripted over time, hindering the state's ability to collect and process meaningful information. These problems were symptomatic of larger informational barriers facing Soviet-style regimes.