bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeophasic Adaptation in Response to UVA Radiation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Changes of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Induction of desA and desB Expression
Authors: Pezzoni Magdalena , De Troch Marleen , Pizarro Ramón A. , Costa Cristina S. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIn bacteria, exposure to changes in environmental conditions can alter membrane fluidity, thereby affecting its essential functions in cell physiology. To adapt to these changes, bacteria maintain appropriate fluidity by varying the composition of the fatty acids of membrane phospholipids, a phenomenon known as homeophasic adaptation. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this response is achieved mainly by two mechanisms of fatty acid desaturation: the FabA–FabB and DesA–DesB systems. This study analyzed the effect of ultraviolet‐A (UVA) radiation—the major fraction of solar UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface—on the homeophasic process. The prototypical strain PAO1 was grown under sublethal UVA doses or in the dark, and the profiles of membrane fatty acids were compared at early logarithmic, logarithmic and stationary growth phases. In the logarithmic growth phase, it was observed that growth under sublethal UVA doses induced the expression of the desaturase‐encoding genes desA and desB and increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids; in addition, membrane fluidity could also increase, as suggested by the indices used as indicators of this parameter. The opposite effect was observed in the stationary growth phase. These results demonstrate the relevant role of UVA on the homeophasic response at transcriptional level.
Inheritance: Professor Procrastinate and the logic of obligation1
Authors: Blumberg Kyle , Hawthorne John 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInheritance is the principle that deontic ‘ought’ is closed under entailment. This paper is about a tension that arises in connection with Inheritance. More specifically, it is about two observations that pull in opposite directions. One of them raises questions about the validity of Inheritance, while the other appears to provide strong support for it. We argue that existing approaches to deontic modals fail to provide us with an adequate resolution of this tension. In response, we develop a positive analysis, and show that this proposal provides a satisfying account of our intuitions.
Seed bulb size influences the effects of exogenous brassinolide on yield and quality of Pinellia ternata
Authors: Guo C. , Li M. , Chen Y. , Xu X. , Liu C. , Chu J. , Yao X. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

In recent years, natural Pinellia ternata populations of have gradually been exhausted, while the cultivated yield has been limited due to lack of research and uncertain climate condition. Therefore, it is necessary to explore methods of improving yield and quality in P. ternata using brassinolide (BR) treatments and choice of a suitable seed bulb size.

This article reports the effects of BR and two seed bulb sizes (diameter: 0.5–1.0 cm and 1.0–1.5 cm) on active and nutrient components and antioxidant activity in P. ternata. The experiment included six levels of BR (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l−1).

The tuber yield of the two seed bulb sizes and bulbil yield of small seed bulbs increased 5.67%, 22.66% and 69.23% by day 105 after 0.50 mg l−1 BR treatment, compared with the control. On day 105, only 0.05 mg l−1 BR increased scores in principal components analysis (PCA) in tubers of small seed bulbs by 167.29%, and 0.05 and 0.50 mg l−1 BR increased PCA score in bulbils of large seed bulbs by 145.66% and 252.97%, respectively, compared with the control. Significant BR × seed bulb size interactions were found on yield and quality of P. ternata.

The results indicate that BR effects on yield and quality of tubers and bulbils of P. ternata are not only related to BR concentration but also to seed bulb size.
Rice OsClo5, a caleosin protein, negatively regulates cold tolerance through the jasmonate signalling pathway
Authors: Zeng X. , Jiang J. , Wang F. , Liu W. , Zhang S. , Du J. , Yang C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Caleosin is a lipid droplet‐binding protein involved in maintenance of the lipid droplet structure and in signal transduction. However, the role of caleosin proteins in stress resistance is limited. Here, we report data for a rice caleosin protein gene, OsClo5, involved in cold stress tolerance via influence and regulation of the JA signalling pathway.

Overexpression lines and RNAi lines of OsClo5 were subjected to cold stress and recovery to measure electrolyte leakage and survival rate. Changes were also detected in the genome‐wide transcriptome of OsClo5 overexpressed plants.

OsClo5 is located mainly in lipid droplets and expressed in all tissues tested. Its expression was upregulated by various stress conditions when subjected to cold treatment. Overexpression of OsClo5 decreased cold tolerance, and RNAi lines of OsClo5 had higher survival than WT seedlings. OsClo5 inhibited one jasmonate biosynthetic gene and several jasmonate ZIM domain (JAZ) genes, which were upregulated in response to cold stress.

OsClo5 is a constitutively expressed caleosin protein that regulates plant cold resistance through inhibition of jasmonate signalling and JA synthesis.
Adaptive business arrangements and the creation of social capital: Towards small‐scale fisheries resilience in different European geographical areas
Authors: Prosperi Paolo , Kirwan James , Maye Damian , Tsakalou Emi , Vlahos George , Bartolini Fabio , Vergamini Daniele , Brunori Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEuropean small‐scale fisheries are confronted with several challenges, notably a decrease in the number of people engaged in capture fishing, growing competition from less expensive extra‐European Union markets, rising operational costs, strict regulations and the depletion of fishing stocks. Many small‐scale fishers must adapt to change to maintain or increase their income using different business strategies. In this respect, we argue that new and diversified institutional arrangements combined with building social capital can help reach long‐term economic sustainability for small‐scale fisheries businesses, as well as the social‐ecological resilience of coastal areas. In order to understand and analyse the multiplicity of strategies applied by small‐scale fishers–including expansion towards non–productivist activities, this article examines the role of new institutional arrangements based on small‐scale, traditional, quality‐orientated, multifunctional business strategies and non‐fishing activities. Using a case‐study approach, we analyse–in three different European fishery contexts (Greece, Italy and the UK)–how the interplay between building adaptive arrangements and the creation of social capital in selected small‐scale fisheries provides relevant prerequisites for resilience.
A mutation in the promoter of the arabinogalactan protein 7‐like gene PcAGP7‐1 affects cell morphogenesis and brassinolide content in pear (Pyrus communis L.) stems
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Li Yuchao , Ma Changqing , Chen Baoyin , Sun Zhijuan , Tian Yike , Wang Caihong 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYDwarfing rootstocks and dwarf cultivars are urgently needed for modern pear cultivation. However, germplasm resources for dwarfing pear are limited, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously showed that dwarfism in pear is controlled by the single dominant gene PcDw (Dwarf). We report here that the expression of PcAGP7‐1 (ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 7‐1), a key candidate gene for PcDw, is significantly higher in dwarf‐type pear plants because of a mutation in an E‐box in the promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient infiltration showed that the transcription factors PcBZR1 and PcBZR2 could directly bind to the E‐box of the PcAGP7‐1 promoter and repress transcription. Moreover, transgenic pear lines overexpressing PcAGP7‐1 exhibited obvious dwarf phenotypes, whereas RNA interference pear lines for PcAGP7‐1 were taller than controls. PcAGP7‐1 overexpression also enhanced cell wall thickness, affected cell morphogenesis, and reduced brassinolide (BL) content, which inhibited BR signaling via a negative feedback loop, resulting in further dwarfing. Overall, we identified a dwarfing mechanism in perennial woody plants involving the BL‐BZR/BES‐AGP‐BL regulatory module. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of plant dwarfism and suggest strategies for the molecular breeding of dwarf pear cultivars.
Natural variation of ZmCGT1 is responsible for isoorientin accumulation in maize silk
Authors: Sun Xiaorong , Xue Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaqing , Zhang Chun , Zheng Dengyu , Song Wei , Zhao Jiuran , Wei Jianhua , Wu Zhongyi , Zhang Zhongbao 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYMaize (Zea mays L.) silk contains high levels of flavonoids and is widely used to promote human health. Isoorientin, a natural C‐glycoside flavone abundant in maize silk, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential value. Although different classes of flavonoid have been well characterized in plants, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of isoorientin in maize are largely unknown. Here, we used targeted metabolic profiling of isoorientin on the silks in an association panel consisting of 294 maize inbred lines. We identified the gene ZmCGT1 by genome‐wide association analysis. The ZmCGT1 protein was characterized as a 2‐hydroxyflavanone C‐glycosyltransferase that can C‐glycosylate 2‐hydroxyflavanone to form flavone‐C‐glycoside after dehydration. Moreover, ZmCGT1 overexpression increased isoorientin levels and RNA interference‐mediated ZmCGT1 knockdown decreased accumulation of isoorientin in maize silk. Further, two nucleotide polymorphisms, A502C and A1022G, which led to amino acid changes I168L and E341G, respectively, were identified to be functional polymorphisms responsible for the natural variation in isoorientin levels. In summary, we identified the gene ZmCGT1, which plays an important role in isoorientin biosynthesis, providing insights into the genetic basis of the natural variation in isoorientin levels in maize silk. The identified favorable CG allele of ZmCGT1 may be further used for genetic improvement of nutritional quality in maize.
The impact of conflict and political instability on banking crises in developing countries
Authors: Ouedraogo Rasmane , Mlachila Montfort , Sourouema Windemanegda Sandrine , Compaoré Ali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile there is an extensive literature examining the economic impact of conflict and political instability, surprisingly, there have been few studies on their impact on the probability of banking crises. This paper therefore investigates whether rising conflict and political instability globally over the past several decades led to increased occurrence of banking crises in developing countries. The paper provides strong evidence that conflicts and political instability are indeed associated with higher probability of systemic banking crises. Interestingly, the paper also finds that conflicts and political instability in one country can have negative spillover effects on neighbouring countries’ banking systems. The paper provides evidence that the primary channel of transmission is likely to be the occurrence of fiscal crises following a conflict or political instability.
Full‐scale application of an electrochemical disinfection solution in a municipal drinking water treatment plant
Authors: de Sousa Filho José Waldir , Lenza Giovanna Almeida , Tonhela Marquele Amorim , de Araújo Karla Santos , Fernandes David Maikel , Malpass Geoffroy Roger Pointer 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew studies employ electrochemical technology for urban water disinfection. This paper presents the replacement of a Cl2 gas system by an on‐site chlorine generation system (electrochemical disinfectant solution, EDS) and application at a water treatment plant. The study compares the Cl2 gas and EDS systems over 36 months, with 18 months for Cl2 gas and, after the implementation, 18 months for the EDS system (12‐month dry season and 6‐month wet season). Turbidity, residual Cl2, pH, total and faecal coliforms and DBPs were monitored. Turbidity was within legal limits and DBPs below both legal limits and limits of detection. For Cl2 gas, residual Cl2 suffered a decrease in wet and dry periods. However, the EDS maintained residual Cl2 to the network tips without significant variations, with operational costs reduced by ~41%. The study demonstrates that on‐site Cl2 generation can be employed for water disinfection for large urban areas with considerable economic and technical advantages.
Development of a Phase-Field Method for Phase Change Simulations Using a Conservative Allen–Cahn Equation
Authors: Tamura Akinori , Katono Kenichi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two-phase flows including a phase change such as liquid–vapor flows play an important role in many industrial applications. A deeper understanding of the phase change phenomena is required to improve performance and safety of nuclear power plants. For this purpose, we developed a phase change simulation method based on the phase-field method (PFM). Low computational efficiency of the conventional PFM based on the Cahn–Hilliard equation is an obstacle in practical simulations. To resolve this problem, we presented a new PFM based on the conservative Allen–Cahn equation including a phase change model. The wettability also needs to be considered in the phase change simulation. When we apply the conventional wetting boundary condition to the conservative Allen–Cahn equation, there is a problem that the mass of each phase is not conserved on the boundary. To resolve this issue, we developed the mass correction method which enables mass conservation in the wetting boundary. The proposed PFM was validated in benchmark problems. The results agreed well with the theoretical solution and other simulation results, and we confirmed that this PFM is applicable to the two-phase flow simulation including the phase change. We also investigated the computational efficiency of the PFM. In a comparison with the conventional PFM, we found that our proposed PFM was more than 100 times faster. Since computational efficiency is an important factor in practical simulations, the proposed PFM will be preferable in many industrial simulations.
Machine Learning-Based Predictions of Benefits of High Thermal Conductivity Encapsulation Materials for Power Electronics Packaging
Authors: Acharya Palash V. , Lokanathan Manojkumar , Ouroua Abdelhamid , Hebner Robert , Strank Shannon , Bahadur Vaibhav 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Machine learning (ML)-based predictive techniques are used in conjunction with a game-theoretic approach to predict the thermal behavior of a power electronics package, and study the relative influence of encapsulation material properties and thermal management techniques in influencing hotspot temperatures. Parametric steady-state and transient thermal simulations are conducted for a commercially available 1.2 kV/444 A silicon carbide (SiC) half-bridge module. An extensive databank of 2592 (steady-state) and 1200 (transient) data points generated via numerical simulations is used to train and evaluate the performance of three ML algorithms (random forest, support vector regression, and neural network) in modeling the thermal behavior. The parameter space includes the thermal conductivities of the encapsulant, baseplate, heat sink, and cooling conditions deployed at the sink and covers a variety of materials and cooling scenarios. Excellent prediction accuracies with R2 values &gt; 99.5% are obtained for the algorithms. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) dependence plots are used to quantify the relative impact of device and heat sink parameters on junction temperatures. We observe that while heatsink cooling conditions significantly influence the steady-state junction temperature, their contribution in determining the junction temperature in dynamic mode is diminished. Using ML-SHAP models, we quantify the impact of emerging polymeric nanocomposites (with high conductivities and diffusivities) on hotspot temperature reduction, with the device operating in steady-state and transient modes. Overall, this study highlights the attractiveness of ML-based approaches for thermal design, and provides a framework for setting targets for future encapsulation materials.
A Multirange Vehicle Speed Prediction With Application to Model Predictive Control-Based Integrated Power and Thermal Management of Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hu Qiuhao , Amini Mohammad Reza , Wiese Ashley , Seeds Julia Buckland , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Sun Jing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractConnectivity and automated driving technologies have opened up new research directions in the energy management of vehicles which exploit look-ahead preview and enhance the situational awareness. Despite this advancement, the vehicle speed preview that can be obtained from vehicle-to-vehicle/infrastructure (V2V/I) communications is often limited to a relatively short time-horizon. The vehicular energy systems, specifically those of the electrified vehicles, consist of multiple interacting power and thermal subsystems that respond over different time-scales. Consequently, their optimal energy management can greatly benefit from long-term speed prediction beyond that available through V2V/I communications. Accurately extending the look-ahead preview, on the other hand, is fundamentally challenging due to the dynamic nature of the traffic environment. To address this challenge, we propose a data-driven multirange vehicle speed prediction strategy for arterial corridors with signalized intersections, providing the vehicle speed preview for three different ranges, i.e., short-, medium-, and long-range. The short-range preview is obtained by V2V/I communications. The medium-range preview is realized using a neural network (NN), while the long-range preview is predicted based on a Bayesian network (BN). The predictions are updated in real-time based on the current state of traffic and incorporated into a multihorizon model predictive control (MH-MPC) for integrated power and thermal management (iPTM) of connected vehicles. The results of design and evaluation of the performance of the proposed data-informed MH-MPC for iPTM of connected hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) using traffic data for real-world city driving are reported.
Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with inferior vena cava filter placement without anticoagulation contraindications (EPICT): a prospective randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Zhang Libin , Li Miaomiao , Zhu Yuefeng , Shi Zhenyu , Zhang Wan , Gao Bin , Li Lubin , Fang Zhengdong , Yang Guangwei , Han Wei , Wang Linjun , Yin Li , Ke Xueying , Yue Jianing , Gu Zheng , Liu Zhenjie 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionInferior vena cava (IVC) filters are commonly used in patients with venous thromboembolism to prevent fatal pulmonary embolism, but the thrombosis risk increases after filter placement. Warfarin is a widely anticoagulant, but long-term monitoring and dose adjustments are required. Anticoagulation with rivaroxaban is more straightforward as it dose not require laboratory monitoring. This study compares the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin as an in anticoagulation therapy for patients with IVC filter placement.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. In total, 200 patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with IVC filter implantation from 10 hospitals will be recruited. The patients will be randomised to the experimental group (rivaroxaban) or the control group (nadroparin overlapped with warfarin). The primary outcomes include death of any cause, pulmonary embolism (PE)-related death, bleeding and recurrent PE/DVT. The secondary outcomes include the percentage of other vascular events, IVC filter retrieval failure and net clinical benefits. This study aims to provide reliable, verification for the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban antithrombotic therapy after IVC filter placement.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (approval number: (2019) 295). The results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journalsTrial registration numberNCT04066764.
Do mentoring programmes influence women’s careers in the health and medical research sector? A mixed-methods evaluation of Australia’s Franklin Women Mentoring Programme
Authors: Vassallo Amy , Walker Karen , Georgousakis Melina , Joshi Rohina 
Published: October 2021

ObjectivesIt is known that women are under-represented in senior positions within the health and medical research sector. The Franklin Women Mentoring Programme (Programme) is a professionally facilitated, cross-organisational initiative designed to support career development for mid-career women. The objective of this study was to evaluate Programme outcomes reported by participants 12 months following its formal conclusion.DesignExplanatory sequential mixed-methods study design using a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews.SettingHealth and medical research institutes in Sydney, Australia.ParticipantsHealth and medical researchers from the 2018 Programme.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChanges in knowledge, skills, behaviours and research metrics directly attributed to Programme participation.ResultsA total of 50 mentors and mentees participated in the cross-sectional survey (68% of the total cohort) and 14 mentors and mentees participated in the interviews. All reported changes to their knowledge, skills, behaviours and research metrics which were directly attributed to participation in the Programme. This included changes in knowledge and skills to be more inclusive (96% mentees, 83% mentors), resilience (88% mentees, 67% mentors), ability to have difficult workplace conversations (88% mentees, 71% mentors) and improvements in supervisory and team management (82% mentees, 75% mentors) skills. Positive impacts on promotions and grant opportunities were also reported. All evaluation participants believed this Programme was a worthwhile initiative for their workplaces to invest in.ConclusionParticipation in this cross-organisational, professionally facilitated, structured mentoring programme has led to positive outcomes for mentees, as well as mentors. Reported outcomes indicate the Programme is meeting its aims to support the career development of mid-career women in health and medical research, while facilitating a more inclusive workforce.