bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental involvement in homework of children with learning disabilities during distance learning: Relations with fear of COVID‐19 and resilience
Authors: Touloupis Thanos 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present study investigated parental involvement in the homework of children with learning disabilities, during distance learning due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Also, the role of parents' fear of COVID‐19 and resilience in their involvement in homework was examined. The study involved 271 parents (140 mothers and 131 fathers) of children with learning disabilities, who studied in the fifth and sixth grade from4 schools of Thessaloniki (Greece). Parents completed a set of self‐reported questionnaires, which included a scale on parental involvement in homework, a scale on fear of COVID‐19, and a scale on resilience. According to the results, both mothers and fathers expressed a high fear of COVID‐19, a low sense of resilience, and were involved in homework mostly in terms of parental control. Parental involvement in homework was not significantly differentiated by children's gender and grade. Furthermore, the path analysis model showed that parents' fear of COVID‐19 predicted, indirectly and positively, parental control through the mediating role of resilience. The findings show how parents' current emotional state affects their involvement in the homework of children with learning disabilities. Finally, the findings imply the need for parental counseling during the pandemic, to feel more resilient and consequently supportive towards children's learning.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection prediction model for hospitalized community‐acquired pneumonia children
Authors: Chen Jiande , Yin Yong , Zhao Liebin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jing , Yuan Shuhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to develop a nomogram to predict Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection among hospitalized children with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) and compare it with another model developed from age and duration of fever.MethodsData on 5904 CAP children who were enrolled at Shanghai Children's Medical Center were retrospectively collected and divided into a training set (n = 4133) and a validation set (n = 1771). The model's performance was determined by concordance index (C‐index), calibration curves, Brier scores, and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used for model comparisons.ResultsIncorporating five factors (age, duration of fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte count, and neutrophil proportion), the nomogram achieved good C‐index values of 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.76) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73–0.78) and good Brier scores of 0.14 (95% CI: 0.13–0.15) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.15–0.18) in predicting Mp infection in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and had moderate fitted calibration plots. The DCAs showed good clinical usefulness of the nomogram. Patients were effectively divided into low, medium, and high risk groups by two cut‐off score points of the nomogram, 210 and 300. With the lower AIC (3673.5) and BIC (3774.7) value, the model of five predictors is the better model.ConclusionsBy using five predictor variables, a simple nomogram of good predictive accuracy for Mp infection and moderate agreements between the actual outcome and the predicted probability was constructed. It could serve as a tool to aid physicians in clinical decision‐making processes.
Capillary partial pressure of carbon dioxide for predicting rehospitalization in preterm infants under noninvasive respiratory support with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Shin Seung Han , Shin Jae‐suk , Kim Ee‐Kyung , Kim Han‐Suk 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is an important predictor of prognosis in preterm infants. However, the severity of BPD was determined mainly by the degree of oxygen supplementation and mode of respiratory support.ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to examine the role of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in predicting rehospitalization among preterm infants with severe BPD without invasive ventilation at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).MethodsWe assessed preterm infants aged <32 gestational weeks with severe BPD who were receiving noninvasive respiratory support at 36 weeks' PMA. Patients were compared after stratifying them according to the history of rehospitalization owing to respiratory infection before a corrected age (CA) of 1 year and pCO2 measured by capillary blood gas analysis at 36 weeks' PMA.ResultsAmong 54 infants who had severe BPD with noninvasive respiratory support at 36 weeks' PMA, 16 (29.6%) experienced rehospitalization due to respiratory problems. At 36 weeks' PMA, the amount of oxygen supplementation (0.30 vs. 0.28, p = 0.021) and pCO2 (62.1 vs. 53.6 mmHg, p = 0.006) were higher in the rehospitalization group than in the no rehospitalization group. Multivariate logistic analysis findings indicated that pCO2 ≥ 57.4 mmHg was the only factor associated with rehospitalization (adjusted odds ratio: 8.017, 95% confidence interval 1.239–51.859).ConclusionHigh pCO2 during noninvasive respiratory support at 36 weeks' PMA in severe BPD was associated with rehospitalization. Consideration of the degree of impairment in ventilatory capacity may improve the prediction of later respiratory outcomes in infants with BPD.
Combustion of Gelled HAN/Methanol/Water Propellants
Authors: Ferguson Robert E. , Shafirovich Evgeny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonopropellants based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) are a low‐toxic, high‐performance alternative to hydrazine in space propulsion systems. Gelling such propellants may offer additional advantages such as the long‐term stability of compositions with added energetic and catalytic particles in suspension. However, the effect of gelling on the combustion characteristics and mechanisms of HAN‐based propellants is not well understood. In the present work, an aqueous HAN/methanol solution (70.1 wt% HAN and 14.9 wt% methanol) was gelled with 1 wt% polyacrylamide in an acoustic mixer. Combustion of the obtained gel was studied in a strand burner at nitrogen pressures up to 30 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry were used to investigate the reaction mechanisms in the HAN/methanol/water solutions with and without polyacrylamide. The strand burner tests have shown that gelling suppressed the multiple pressure regimes observed in previous studies of the HAN‐based propellants, with a consistent pressure exponent of 1.15±0.05 over the tested pressure range 4–30 MPa. Thermoanalytical testing of the gelled mixture indicates there is no chemical interaction between the gellant and the HAN decomposition, and the effect of gelling on the combustion of HAN/methanol/water propellants is hydrodynamic in nature.
Evaluation of an experimental Warn‐on‐Forecast 3DVAR analysis and forecast system on quasi‐real‐time short‐term forecasts of high‐impact weather events
Authors: Hu Junjun , Gao Jidong , Wang Yunheng , Pan Sijie , Fierro Alexandre O. , Skinner Patrick S. , Knopfmeier Kent , Mansell Edward R. , Heinselman Pamela L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate the capability of an experimental, weather‐adaptive, high‐resolution, deterministic Warn‐on‐Forecast (WoF) analysis and forecast system (WoF3DVAR‐AFS) for predicting high‐impact severe weather events that occurred during the Hazardous Weather Testbed 2019 Spring Forecast Experiments. WoF3DVAR‐AFS uses a three‐dimensional variational (3DVAR) method as its core data assimilation system and the Advanced Research Version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐ARW) model as its forward model. Surface measurements provided in meteorological aviation reports and the Oklahoma Mesonet, Doppler radar data, and spaceborne total lightning observations provided by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper are assimilated at 15‐min frequency over a target domain determined by the “Day 1” Convective Outlook product from the Storm Prediction Center. The chief goal of this system is to complement probabilistic forecasts generated by ensemble analysis and forecast systems, such as the experimental Warn‐on‐Forecast System (WoFS) with a higher‐resolution deterministic member to aid forecasters' decision‐making. We performed both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on 0–6 hr forecasts launched hourly from 1900 to 0300 UTC the next day for each of the 12 cases. Aggregated subjective forecast evaluation metrics from each individual case, as well as detailed comparison against available verification datasets, suggest that the forecasts are generally skillful in terms of composite reflectivity fields, quantitative precipitation forecasts, and the strength and location of rotation tracks and damaging winds. This study presents initial efforts to assess the performance of WoF3DVAR‐AFS and provides possible directions for further improvements, including the development of a weather‐adaptive, dual‐resolution analysis and forecast system hybrid with an ensemble system, such as the experimental Warn‐on‐Forecast system.
Treatment of electronic cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury (EVALI) by corticosteroid and low‐dose pirfenidone: Report of a case
Authors: Wu Chia‐Hao , Liao Ting‐Yu , Chen Yung‐Hsuan , Kuo Ping‐Hung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectronic (e)‐cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury (EVALI) is a novel and potentially lethal disease first reported in the United States. We report the case of a 56‐year‐old man who presented to our hospital with dyspnoea and cough lasting for 2 months after using an e‐cigarette for approximately 50 puffs over 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed crackles in the left lower lung. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed consolidation and ground‐glass opacities in both lungs. The baseline forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were 65.7% and 63.9% of the predicted, respectively. Lung biopsy revealed organizing pneumonia with focal fibrosis. In addition to prednisolone, he was treated with a low‐dose pirfenidone (200 mg three times per day) due to the persistence of a mild cough, exertional dyspnoea and basal crackles after discharge. His symptoms and FVC significantly improved, but the recovery of the DLCO was slow. The follow‐up HRCT demonstrated only minimal fibrotic changes. To our knowledge, this was the first reported case of EVALI successfully treated with a combination of corticosteroid and antifibrotic agents.
Estimation of attraction domain of nonlinear systems with saturated impulses and input disturbances
Authors: Wu Hongjuan , Li Chuandong , He Zhilong , Wang Yinuo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the estimation of attraction domain of nonlinear systems with saturated impulses and input disturbances is investigated. The sufficient conditions which can ensure the robust convergence of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems for every initial condition in the attraction domain are established. Moreover, some optimization problems are proposed to design the control gain so as to enlarge the size of the estimation of attraction domain as much as possible with a prespecified decay rate. In addition, the exponential stabilization and the estimation of attraction domain for nonlinear dynamical systems under this saturated impulsive control without disturbances are also studied. Finally, simulation results for a chaotic oscillator are displayed to show the effectiveness and feasibility of our results.
Telling the energy story: Design and results of a new curriculum for energy in upper elementary school
Authors: Lacy Sara J. , Tobin Roger G. , Crissman Sally , DeWater Lezlie , Gray Kara E. , Haddad Nick , Hammerman James K. L. , Seeley Lane 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe the development, design, implementation, and preliminary classroom results of an innovative curriculum, Focus on Energy, that supports learning about energy in Grades 4–5. The curriculum is grounded in the concepts of science as practice, model‐based reasoning, and learning progressions, and builds on students' pre‐existing ideas and resources. We illustrate how students gradually develop the ability to track energy forms, transfers, and transformations in increasingly complex scenarios. We present evidence, using a quasi‐experimental design, that students who completed the curriculum were significantly more adept at these skills than students in comparable classrooms who experienced their districts' existing energy‐related physical science curricula. Important features of the curriculum include: the careful selection of a limited set of concepts chosen to provide a sound foundation for future learning; a consistent conceptual framework (the Energy Tracking Lens) within which the students have agency to build and refine a model of energy; engaging hands‐on activities that steadily build in complexity; accessible and versatile semi‐quantitative representations that support reasoning and communication; individual, small‐group and large‐group meaning‐making; and training and support for the teachers.
Repeated Injury Promotes Tracheobronchial Tissue Stem Cell Attrition
Authors: Ghosh Moumita , Hill Cynthia L. , Alsudayri Alfahdah , Lallier Scott W. , Hayes Don , Wijeratne Saranga , Tan Zhang Hong , Chiang Tendy , Mahoney John E. , Carraro Gianni , Stripp Barry R. , Reynolds Susan D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Chronic lung disease has been attributed to stem cell aging and/or exhaustion. We investigated these mechanisms using mouse and human tracheobronchial tissue-specific stem cells (TSC). In mouse, chromatin labeling and flow cytometry demonstrated that naphthalene (NA) injury activated a subset of TSC. These activated TSC continued to proliferate after the epithelium was repaired and a clone study demonstrated that ~96% of activated TSC underwent terminal differentiation. Despite TSC attrition, epithelial repair after a second NA injury was normal. The second injury accelerated proliferation of previously activated TSC and a nucleotide-label retention study indicated that the second injury recruited TSC that were quiescent during the first injury. These mouse studies indicate that (a) injury causes selective activation of the TSC pool; (b) activated TSC are predisposed to further proliferation; and (c) the activated state leads to terminal differentiation. In human TSC, repeated proliferation also led to terminal differentiation and depleted the TSC pool. A clone study identified long- and short-lived TSC and showed that short-lived TSC clones had significantly shorter telomeres than their long-lived counterparts. The TSC pool was significantly depleted in dyskeratosis congenita donors, who harbor mutations in telomere biology genes. The remaining TSC had short telomeres and short lifespans. Collectively, the mouse and human studies support a model in which epithelial injury increases the biological age of the responding TSC. When applied to chronic lung disease, this model suggests that repeated injury accelerates the biological aging process resulting in abnormal repair and disease initiation.
Image Schemas and Conceptual Blending in Diagrammatic Reasoning: The Case of Hasse Diagrams
Authors: Bourou Dimitra , Schorlemmer Marco , Plaza Enric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, we propose a formal, computational model of the sense-making of diagrams by using the theories of image schemas and conceptual blending, stemming from cognitive linguistics. We illustrate our model here for the case of a Hasse diagram, using typed first-order logic to formalise the image schemas and to represent the geometry of a diagram. The latter additionally requires the use of some qualitative spatial reasoning formalisms. We show that, by blending image schemas with the geometrical configuration of a diagram, we can formally describe the way our cognition structures the understanding of, and the reasoning with, diagrams. In addition to a theoretical interest for diagrammatic reasoning, we also briefly discuss the cognitive underpinnings of good practice in diagram design, which are important for fields such as human-computer interaction and data visualization.
The Presence of Diagrams and Problems Requiring Diagram Construction: Comparing Mathematical Word Problems in Japanese and Canadian Textbooks
Authors: Fukuda Mari , Manalo Emmanuel , Ayabe Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is generally considered beneficial for learners to construct and use appropriate diagrams when solving mathematical word problems. However, previous research has indicated that learners tend not to use diagrams spontaneously. In the present study, we analyzed textbooks in Japan and Canada, focusing on the possibility that such inadequacy in diagram use may be affected by the presence (or absence) of diagrams in textbooks, the kinds of diagrams that are included, and whether problems requiring the construction of diagrams are provided in those textbooks. One set each of Japanese and Canadian elementary school textbooks were analyzed, focusing on the chapters dealing with division. Results revealed that the Japanese textbooks contain worked examples and exercise problems accompanied by diagrams more than the Canadian textbooks. Furthermore, the Japanese textbooks often use line diagrams and tables that abstractly represent quantitative relationships and they include more problems that require students to use diagrams. However, to encourage students to use diagrams spontaneously, it may be necessary to include problems that scaffold the use of diagrams in a step-by-step manner in both the Canadian and the Japanese textbooks.
Extracting Interactive Actor-Based Dataflow Models from Legacy C Code
Authors: Rentz Niklas , Smyth Steven , Andersen Lewe , von Hanxleden Reinhard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGraphical actor-based models provide an abstract overview of the flow of data in a system. They are well-established for the model-driven engineering(MDE)of complex software systems and are supported by numerous commercial and academic tools, such as Simulink, LabVIEW or Ptolemy. InMDE, engineers concentrate on constructing and simulating such models, before application code (or at least a large fraction thereof) is synthesized automatically. However, a significant fraction of today’s legacy system has been coded directly, often using the C language. High-level models that give a quick, accurate overview of how components interact are often out of date or do not exist. This makes it challenging to maintain or extend legacy software, in particular for new team members.To address this problem, we here propose to reverse the classic synthesis path ofMDEand to synthesize actor-based dataflow models automatically from source code. Here functions in the code get synthesized into nodes that represent actors manipulating data. Second, we propose to harness themodeling-pragmaticapproach, which considers visual models not as static artefacts, but allows interactive, flexible views that also link back to textual descriptions. Thus we propose to synthesize actor models that can vary in level of detail and that allow navigation in the source code. To validate and evaluate our proposals, we implemented these concepts for C analysis in the open source, Eclipse-basedKIELERproject and conducted a small survey.
A Universal Grammar for Specifying Visualization Types
Authors: Engelhardt Yuri , Richards Clive 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA ‘universal grammar’ for the full spectrum of visualization types is discussed. The grammar enables the analysis of any type of visualization regarding its syntactic constituents, such as the types of visual encodings and visual components that are used. Such an analysis of a type of visualization, describing its compositional syntax, can be represented as a specification tree. Colour coded tree branches between constituent types enforce the combination rules visually. We discuss how these specification trees differ from linguistic parse trees, and how visual statements differ from verbal statements. The grammar offers a basis for generating visualization options, and the potential for formalization and for machine-readable specifications. This may serve as a basis for a system providing computer-generated visualization advice.
A Generative Approach to Social Ecologies in Project [Symbios]City
Authors: Wen Hao , Gu Pengcheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zou Shuai , Schumacher Patrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe following paper talks about the studio project [Symbios]City, which is developed as a design research project in 2020–2021 Schumacher’ studio on social ecology of the graduate program in Architectural Association’s design research lab. The project aims to create an assemblage of social ecologies through a rich but cohesive multi-authored urban district. The primary ambition is to generate an urban area with a characterful, varied identity, that achieves a balanced order between unity and difference avoiding both the sterile and disorienting monotony of centrally planned modernist cities and the (equally disorienting) visual chaos of an agglomeration of utterly unrelated interventions as we find now frequently. Through a thorough research process, our project evolves mainly out of three principles that are taken into consideration for the development of our project: topological optimization, phenomenology, and ecology. By “ecology”, we understand it as a living network of information exchange. Therefore, every strategy we employ is not merely about reacting to the weather conditions, but instead it is an inquiry into the various ways we can exploit the latter, a translation of the weather conditions into spatial and programmatic properties. [Symbios]City therefore aims at developing a multi-authored urban area with a rich identity that achieves a balance between the various elements. [Symbios]City began formally from topological optimization, developed based on studies on ecology, and concluded the design following our phenomenological explorations, aiming at a complex design project that unifies the perception of all scales of design: from the platform to the skyscrapers.
Material Response: Technology, Material Systems and Responsive Design
Authors: Farr Marcus , Macruz Andrea , Ulson Alexandre 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the role technology and materials play in making meaningful connections between people, architectural space and the workplace. It indicates that design can synergize with responsive technology and material systems to leverage new power for future workplace interaction design. We have created a spatial prototype paired with a series of simulations that act as a proposal to stimulate workplace interaction. The project employs a responsive ceiling that combines a fluid computational pattern with temperature-responsive bi-material laminates with thermochromic coatings and electrically programmed micro-controllers. The project is then connected to a computer code that computes readings based upon ongoing interactions with humans wearing body sensors. The methodology categorizes the simulation results into aroused states and calm states. As the computational patterns and colors change, we are made aware of the relationships between space, technology, and the human sensorium. This conversation brings insight into how we can design more effectively for workplace interactions.