bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Myopathy in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Consequence of Hyperinflammation?
Authors: Versace Viviana , Sebastianelli Luca , Ferrazzoli Davide , Saltuari Leopold , Kofler Markus , Löscher Wolfgang , Uncini Antonino 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: COVID-19-associated muscular complications may comprise myalgia, weakness, wasting, and rhabdomyolysis. Skeletal muscle damage in COVID-19 may be due to direct infection by the virus SARS-CoV-2 through interaction with the ACE2 receptor, systemic hyper-inflammatory state with cytokine release and homeostatic perturbation, an autoimmune process, or myotoxic drugs. Disclosing the cause of weakness in an individual patient is therefore difficult.Case Description: We report two patients, who survived typical COVID-19 pneumonia requiring intensive care treatment and who developed early on myalgia and severe proximal weakness in all four limbs. Laboratory exams revealed elevated serum creatine kinase and markedly increased C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, concurring with a systemic inflammatory response. On admission in neurorehabilitation (4 and 7 weeks after COVID-19 onset, respectively), the patients presented with proximal flaccid tetraparesis and limb-girdle muscle atrophy. Motor nerve conduction studies showed decreased amplitude and prolonged duration of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) with normal distal motor latencies and normal conduction velocities in median and ulnar nerves. Needle electromyography in proximal muscles revealed spontaneous activity in one and myopathic changes in both patients.Discussion: Clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic findings in these patients were unequivocally consistent with myopathy. Interestingly, increased distal CMAP duration has been described in patients with critical illness myopathy (CIM) and reflects slow muscle fiber conduction velocity due to membrane hypo-excitability, possibly induced by inflammatory cytokines. By analogy with CIM, the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related myopathy might also depend on hyperinflammation and metabolic pathways that may affect muscles in a pathophysiological continuum from hypo-excitability to necrosis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Produce Their Own Extracellular Matrix With Minimal Involvement of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: A Preliminary Study
Authors: D’Agostino Stefania , Tombolan Lucia , Saggioro Mattia , Frasson Chiara , Rampazzo Elena , Pellegrini Stefania , Favaretto Francesca , Biz Carlo , Ruggieri Pietro , Gamba Piergiorgio , Bonvini Paolo , Aveic Sanja , Giovannoni Roberto , Pozzobon Michela 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe interplay between neoplastic cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the determinant elements for cancer growth. The remodeling of the ECM by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) shapes tumor microenvironment by depositing and digesting ECM proteins, hence promoting tumor growth and invasion. While for epithelial tumors CAFs are well characterized, little is known about the stroma composition of mesenchymal cancers, such as in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this work is to identify the importance of CAFs in specifying RMS microenvironment and the role of these stromal cells in RMS growth.MethodsWe assessed in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) systems the attraction between RMS cells and fibroblasts using epithelial colon cancer cell line as control. CAFs were studied in a xenogeneic mouse model of both tumor types and characterized in terms of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mouse PDGFR expression, metalloproteases activation, and ECM gene and protein expression profiling.ResultsIn 2D model, the rate of interaction between stromal and malignant cells was significantly lower in RMS with respect to colon cancer. Particularly, in 3D system, RMS spheroids tended to dismantle the compact aggregate when grown on the layer of stromal cells. In vivo, despite the well-formed tumor mass, murine CAFs were found in low percentage in RMS xenogeneic samples.ConclusionsOur findings support the evidence that, differently from epithelial cancers, RMS cells are directly involved in their own ECM remodeling, and less dependent on CAFs support for cancer cell growth.
Image-Guided Radiofrequency Hyperthermia (RFH)-Enhanced Direct Chemotherapy of Hepatic Tumors: The Underlying Biomolecular Mechanisms
Authors: Qian Kun , Chen Minjiang , Zhang Feng , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham , Ji Hongxiu , Zheng Chuansheng , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

PurposeTo evaluate the treatment effect of radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia (RFH) combined with intra-tumoral chemotherapy for rabbit VX2 liver tumors and explore the underlying mechanism that drives local hyperthermia-enhanced chemotherapy.Materials and MethodsVX2 cell lines and rabbits with liver VX2 tumors were randomly allocated to four treatment groups including: (1) combination therapy of Doxorubicin (DOX) plus hyperthermia/RFH (n=6); (2) DOX only; (3) hyperthermia/RFH only (n=6); and (4) phosphate-buffered saline-treated control (n=6). Cell viability and doxorubicin uptake by VX2 tumor cells were assayed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy 24 h after treatments. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tumor cells and tissues. For the harvested VX2 tumors, fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate the distribution and penetration of doxorubicin in tumor tissues and HSP70 expression was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsRFH enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin in VX2 cells and rabbit liver VX2 tumors resulting in higher apoptosis and lower cell viability. Flowcytometry of VX2 cells showed more apoptotic cells in combination therapy of hyperthermia and DOX, compared with other three groups in-vitro experiments (45.80 ± 1.27% vs 20.66 ± 0.71%, vs 15.16 ± 0.81% and 0.62 ± 0.06%, respectively, p&lt;0.01). The quantitative analysis by Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of HSP70 in both VX2 tumor cells (1.28 ± 0.13 vs 0.64 ± 0.13 vs 0.83 ± 0.10 vs 0.15 ± 0.03, respectively, p&lt;0.05) and tumors (1.47 ± 0.13 vs 0.51 ± 0.13 vs 0.74 ± 0.11 vs 0.16 ± 0.04, respectively, p &lt;0.01). Fluorescence microscopy showed increased uptake of DOX in tumor cells in the combination therapy group.ConclusionsRFH/hyperthermia enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect of DOX in VX2 tumors by promoting the uptake of DOX and the expression HSP70 in tumors.
Asiatic Acid, a Natural Compound that Exerts Beneficial Effects on the Cystometric and Biochemical Parameters in the Retinyl Acetate-Induced Model of Detrusor Overactivity
Authors: Wróbel Andrzej , Serefko Anna , Szopa Aleksandra , Poleszak Ewa 
Published: January 2021

Scientists have been constantly looking for new synthetic and natural compounds that could have beneficial effects in bladder overactivity. Our attention was drawn by asiatic acid that influences a number of molecules and signaling pathways relevant for the proper functioning of the urinary tracts in humans. In the present project we wanted to check whether asiatic acid would have positive effects in the confirmed animal model of detrusor overactivity (DO) and whether it would affect the bladder blood flow, urothelium thickness, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, neurotrophic and growth factors, and other parameters important for the activity of the urinary bladder. The outcomes of our study showed that a 14-day administration of asiatic acid (30 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage normalizes the cystometric parameters corresponding to DO and reduces the accompanying oxidative stress (measured by the levels of malondialdehyde–61,344 ± 24,908 pg/ml vs. 33,668 ± 5,071 pg/ml, 3-nitrotyrosine–64,615 ± 25,433 pg/ml vs. 6,563 ± 1,736 pg/ml, and NOS2–2,506 ± 411.7 vs. 3,824 ± 470.1 pg/ml). Moreover, it decreases the urinary secretion of neurotrophins (BDNF–304.4 ± 33.21 pg/ml vs. 119.3 ± 11.49 pg/ml and NGF–205.5 ± 18.50 vs. 109.7 ± 15.94 pg/ml) and prevents the changes in a range of biomarkers indicating the dysfunction of the urinary bladder, CGRP (421.1 ± 56.64 vs. 108.1 ± 11.73 pg/ml), E-Cadherin (773.5 ± 177.5 pg/ml vs. 1,560 ± 154.5 pg/ml), OCT3 (3,943 ± 814.6 vs. 1,018 ± 97.07 pg/ml), SNAP-23 (6,763 ± 808.9 pg/ml vs. 3,455 ± 554.5 pg/ml), SNAP-25 (2,038 ± 162.7 pg/ml vs. 833.3 ± 65.48), substance P (171.7 ± 16.86 pg/ml vs. 65.07 ± 8.250 pg/ml), SV2A (1,927 ± 175.3 pg/ml vs. 1,154 ± 254.9 pg/ml), tight junction protein 1 (360.1 ± 95.05 pg/ml vs. 563.4 ± 65.43 pg/ml), VAChT (16,470 ± 2,419 pg/ml vs. 7,072 ± 1,339 pg/ml), VEGFA (318.3 ± 37.89 pg/ml vs. 201.5 ± 22.91 pg/ml). The mentioned parameters are associated with smooth muscle contractions, urothelial barrier, transportation and release of transmitters, or bladder compensation. Thus, the presented findings allow to suggest a possible future role of asiatic acid in the prevention of conditions accompanied by DO, such as overactive bladder.
Epigallocatechin Gallate During Dietary Restriction — Potential Mechanisms of Enhanced Liver Injury
Authors: Shi Zhuo , Zhu Jing-xiao , Guo Yu-ming , Niu Ming , Zhang Le , Tu Can , Huang Ying , Li Peng-yan , Zhao Xu , Zhang Zi-teng , Bai Zhao-fang , Zhang Guang-qin , Lu Yang , Xiao Xiao-he , Wang Jia-bo 
Published: January 2021

Green tea extract (GTE) is popular in weight loss, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is considered as the main active component. However, GTE is the primary cause of herbal and dietary supplement-induced liver injury in the United States. Whether there is a greater risk of liver injury when EGCG is consumed during dieting for weight loss has not been previously reported. This study found for the first time that EGCG could induce enhanced lipid metabolism pathways, suggesting that EGCG had the so-called “fat burning” effect, although EGCG did not cause liver injury at doses of 400 or 800 mg/kg in normal mice. Intriguingly, we found that EGCG caused dose-dependent hepatotoxicity on mice under dietary restriction, suggesting the potential combination effects of dietary restriction and EGCG. The combination effect between EGCG and dietary restriction led to overactivation of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid oxidation pathways, significantly increasing the accumulation of pro-inflammatory lipid metabolites and thus mediating liver injury. We also found that the disruption of Lands’ cycle and sphingomyelin-ceramides cycle and the high expression of taurine-conjugated bile acids were important metabolomic characteristics in EGCG-induced liver injury under dietary restriction. This original discovery suggests that people should not go on a diet while consuming EGCG for weight loss; otherwise the risk of liver injury will be significantly increased. This discovery provides new evidence for understanding the “drug-host” interaction hypothesis of drug hepatotoxicity and provides experimental reference for clinical safe use of green tea-related dietary supplements.
Investigation on the Efficiency of Chinese Herbal Injections for Treating Non-small Cell Lung Cancer With Vinorelbine and Cisplatin Based on Multidimensional Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ni Mengwei , Wang Haojia , Wang Miaomiao , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jingyuan , Wu Jiarui , Zhang Dan , Jing Zhiwei , Liu Xinkui , Wu Zhishan , Guo Siyu , Jia Shanshan , Zhang Xiaomeng , Sheng Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2021

Background: As non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) seriously threatens human health, several clinical studies have reported that Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) combined with vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP) are beneficial. This multidimensional network meta-analysis was performed to explore the preferable options among different CHIs for treating NSCLC.Methods: A literature search was performed in several databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHIs in the treatment of NSCLC from inception to January 31, 2019. Final included studies met the eligibility criteria and methodological quality recommendations. Data analysis was performed using Stata 13.0 and WinBUGS 14.0 software. Each outcome was presented as an odds ratio and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value (SCURA). The “scatterplot3d” package in R 3.6.1 software was used to perform multidimensional cluster analysis.Results: Ultimately, 97 eligible RCTs involving 7,440 patients and 14 CHIs were included in this network meta-analysis. Combined with NP chemotherapy, Kanglaite injection plus NP exhibited a better impact on the clinical effectiveness rate (SCURA probability: 78.34%), and Javanica oil emulsion injection plus NP was better in the performance status (95.44%). Huachansu injection plus NP was dominant in reducing thrombocytopenia (92.67%) and gastrointestinal reactions (92.52%). As to multidimensional cluster analysis, Shenmai injection plus NP was superior considering improving the clinical effectiveness rate, performance status and relieving leukopenia.Conclusions: The combination of CHIs and NP has a better impact on patients with NSCLC than NP alone. Among them, Shenmai injection plus NP, Kanglaite injection plus NP and Javanica oil emulsion injection plus NP were notable. Nevertheless, more multicenter and better designed RCTs are needed to validate our findings.
A Review on Metasurface: From Principle to Smart Metadevices
Authors: Hu Jie , Bandyopadhyay Sankhyabrata , Liu Yu-hui , Shao Li-yang 
Published: January 2021

Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metallic/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and magnetic fields of the incident electromagnetic waves, exhibiting unprecedented properties which are most typical within the context of the electromagnetic domain. However, the practical application of metamaterials is found challenging due to the high losses, strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses, and the difficulty in the fabrication of nanoscale 3D structures. The optical metasurface is termed as 2D metamaterials that inherent all of the properties of metamaterials and also provide a solution to the limitation of the conventional metamaterials. Over the past few years, metasurfaces; have been employed for the design and fabrication of optical elements and systems with abilities that surpass the performance of conventional diffractive optical elements. Metasurfaces can be fabricated using standard lithography and nanoimprinting methods, which is easier campared to the fabrication of the counterpart 3 days metamaterials. In this review article, the progress of the research on metasurfaces is illustrated. Concepts of anomalous reflection and refraction, applications of metasurfaces with the Pancharatanm-Berry Phase, and Huygens metasurface are discussed. The development of soft metasurface opens up a new dimension of application zone in conformal or wearable photonics. The progress of soft metasurface has also been discussed in this review. Meta-devices that are being developed with the principle of the shaping of wavefronts are elucidated in this review. Furthermore, it has been established that properties of novel optical metasurface can be modulated by the change in mechanical, electrical, or optical stimuli which leads to the development of dynamic metasurface. Research thrusts over the area of tunable metasurface has been reviewed in this article. Over the recent year, it has been found that optical fibers and metasurface are coagulated for the development of optical devices with the advantages of both domains. The metasurface with lab-on fiber-based devices is being discussed in this review paper. Finally, research trends, challenges, and future scope of the work are summarized in the conclusion part of the article.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Acute Exercise-Induced Set Shifting Benefits in Healthy Adults and Its Moderators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oberste Max , Sharma Sophia , Bloch Wilhelm , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: January 2021

Background: Positive effects of acute exercise on cognitive performances in general inspired research that investigated the effects of acute exercise on specific cognitive subdomains. Many existing studies examined beneficial effects of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance in healthy adults. Set shifting, a subdomain of executive function, is the ability to switch between different cognitive sets. The results of existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted that pooled available effect sizes. Additionally, moderator analyses were carried out to identify covariates that determine the magnitude of exercise-induced set shifting benefits.Methods: Medline, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible studies. Hedges' g corrected standardized mean difference values were used for analyses. Random-effects weights were applied to pool effects. Potential moderation of the effect of acute exercise on subsequent set shifting performance by exercise intensity, type of exercise, participants' age, and type of control group were examined.Results: Twenty-two studies (N = 1,900) were included into analysis. All aggregated effect sizes ranged from small to moderate. Overall, a small significant beneficial effect was revealed (g = −0.32, 95 % CI −0.45 to −0.18). Heterogeneity of included effect sizes was moderate and significant (T2 = 0.0715, I2 = 46.4%, (p &lt; 0.0016). Moderator analyses revealed a larger average effect in older adults than for studies examining younger adults (−0.42 vs. −0.29). Light exercise (−0.51) led to larger effects than moderate (−0.24) or vigorous exercise (−0.29). Studies testing acute exercise against active control groups showed a noticeably smaller average effect (−0.13) than studies that used passive (−0.38) or cognitive engaging control groups (−0.34). Interestingly, application of resistance or aerobic exercise led to no different average effect sizes (−0.30 vs. −0.32). However, none of the tested covariates reached statistical significance.Conclusion: Acute exercise improves subsequent set shifting performance. However, effect sizes are small, making the relevance for everyday life questionable. The results indicate that older adults benefit more from acute exercise than younger adults do. Light intensity exercise seems most effective while the type of exercise does not seem to influence the magnitude of effects. Research designs with active control groups show the smallest average effect, raising concerns about placebo effects.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019138799
Effectiveness Of Work From Home (Wfh) On Teacher Performance In Batam
Authors: Manalu Nelly Chandrawati , Mulyadi Mulyadi 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze effective work from home on leadership, competency, taining, and facility and technology to teacher performance. The design used is hypothesis testing using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The population and respondents in this study was teachers in Batam city. The results of the study show that the leadership has no significant effect on teacher performance with significant = 0.360 and competency has significant effect to teacher performance with significant value = 0,036 results on training has significant effect on teacher performance with significant 0,005, and facility and technology also has significant effect on teacher performance with value of significant is 0,000. The results show that between leadership, competency, training, facility and technology together influence teacher performance with significant 0,000. Based on the two tests above between the Uji t and Uji F test and the direct test, it can be concluded that the rules of the leadership do not have a significant impact on the performance of teachers for that the schools, management and education offices focus on competency of teacher on conduct class on line or PJJ. Based on the result for adjusted R square can be explained at 51,7% is influenced by the four variables (Leadership, Competency, Training, Facility and Technology) to teacher performance, the other 48.3% is the contribution of other variables not included in this research. According to results testing in this research training, facility and technology significantly impact on teacher performance in PJJ class, which means governance and school management, provide some course training to increase teacher performance. Next research model can be explain with mediating variabel to make sure and increase adjusted R square results for example variabel the role of organizational commitment in organizational structure, organizational strategy and management.
PENGELOLAAN SARANA PRASARANA PENDIDIKAN RESPONSIF GENDER : STUDI DI IAIN JEMBER
Authors: Ummah Nur Ittihadatul 
Published: January 2021

Management of gender responsive educational facilities is an important issue that needs serious attention because the management of gender-responsive infrastructure can provide space to ensure the fulfillment of women's and men's rights based on their specific needs so as to create a sense of security and comfort for each user. IAIN Jember is required to pay attention to the specific needs of men and women so that dominance does not occur, does not cause difficulties for certain sexes in the use of infrastructure. Indicators of gender responsive infrastructure include the provision of separate toilets, child care and nursing rooms, provision of closed ablution places, closed prayer rooms, ideal 17 cm staircase facilities, CCTV and adequate lighting. The management of gender responsive educational facilities is needed to realize gender justice and equality, support reproductive and cultural functions. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The technique of collecting data uses observation, interviews and document study. Data analysis using interactive analysis. The validity of the data used source triangulation and method triangulation. The results showed that: the prayer room for employees tends to be open so there is no privacy, there are wheelchairs for students with disabilities, and there is no separate toilet for male and female employees.
Pengelolaan sarana pendidikan responsif gender merupakan isu penting yang perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena pengelolaan prasarana tanggap gender dapat memberikan ruang untuk menjamin pemenuhan hak perempuan dan laki-laki berdasarkan kebutuhan spesifiknya sehingga tercipta rasa aman dan nyaman bagi setiap pengguna. IAIN Jember dituntut untuk memperhatikan kebutuhan khusus laki-laki dan perempuan agar tidak terjadi dominasi, tidak menyulitkan jenis kelamin tertentu dalam penggunaan infrastruktur. Indikator infrastruktur responsif gender antara lain penyediaan toilet terpisah, ruang penitipan anak dan menyusui, penyediaan tempat wudhu tertutup, mushola tertutup, fasilitas tangga ideal 17 cm, CCTV dan penerangan yang memadai. Pengelolaan fasilitas pendidikan responsif gender diperlukan untuk mewujudkan keadilan dan kesetaraan gender, mendukung fungsi reproduksi dan budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif. Validitas data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : mushollah untuk karyawan cenderung terbuka sehingga tidak ada privasi, terdapat kursi roda bagi mahasiswa difabel. Kursi roda ini berada di poli klinik kampus, dan tidak ada pemisahan toilet bagi karyawan laki-laki dan perempuan.