bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch between obesogenic intrauterine environment and low‐fat postnatal diet may confer offspring metabolic advantage
Authors: Kislal Sezen , Jin William , Maesner Claire , Edlow Andrea G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveMismatch between a depleted intrauterine environment and a substrate‐rich postnatal environment confers an increased risk of offspring obesity and metabolic syndrome. Maternal diet‐induced obesity (MATOB) is associated with the same outcomes. These experiments tested the hypothesis that a mismatch between a nutrient‐rich intrauterine environment and a low‐fat postnatal environment would ameliorate offspring metabolic morbidity.MethodsC57BL6/J female mice were fed either a 60% high‐fat diet (HFD) or a 10% fat control diet (CD) for 14‐week pre‐breeding and during pregnancy/lactation. Offspring were weaned to CD. Weight was evaluated weekly; body composition was determined using EchoMRI. Serum fasting lipids and glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Metabolic rate, locomotor, and sleep behavior were evaluated with indirect calorimetry.ResultsMATOB‐exposed/CD‐weaned offspring of both sexes had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to controls. Males had improved fasting lipids. Females had significantly increased weight and body fat percentage in adulthood compared to sex‐matched controls. Females also had significantly increased sleep duration and reduced locomotor activity compared to males.ConclusionsReduced‐fat dietary switch following intrauterine and lactational exposure to MATOB was associated with improved glucose handling and lipid profiles in adult offspring, more pronounced in males. A mismatch between a high‐fat prenatal and low‐fat postnatal environment may confer a metabolic advantage. The amelioration of deleterious metabolic programming by strict offspring adherence to a low‐fat diet may have translational potential.
Greedy caliper propensity score matching can yield variable estimates of the treatment‐outcome association—A simulation study
Authors: Komen Joris J. , Belitser Svetlana V. , Wyss Richard , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Taams Anne C. , Pajouheshnia Romin , Forslund Tomas , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeGreedy caliper propensity score (PS) matching is dependent on randomness, which can ultimately affect causal estimates. We sought to investigate the variation introduced by this randomness.MethodsBased on a literature search to define the simulation parameters, we simulated 36 cohorts of different sizes, treatment prevalence, outcome prevalence, treatment‐outcome‐association. We performed 1:1 caliper and nearest neighbor (NN) caliper PS‐matching and repeated this 1000 times in the same cohort, before calculating the treatment‐outcome association.ResultsRepeating caliper and NN caliper matching in the same cohort yielded large variations in effect estimates, in all 36 scenarios, with both types of matching. The largest variation was found in smaller cohorts, where the odds ratio (OR) ranged from 0.53 to 10.00 (IQR of ORs: 1.11‐1.67). The 95% confidence interval was not consistently overlapping a neutral association after repeating the matching with both algorithms. We confirmed these findings in a noninterventional example study.ConclusionCaliper PS‐matching can yield highly variable estimates of the treatment‐outcome association if the analysis is repeated.
Oxygenation of conducting polymers facilitated by structure‐breaking anions
Authors: Sethumadhavan Vithyasaahar , Mahjoub Reza , Zuber Kamil , Stanford Nicole , Evans Drew 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConducting polymers are an interesting class of materials that can be tuned to have a range of properties through counterion doping. For most conducting polymers, the insertion of anions (the doping process) leads to the formation of carbocations (positive charge carriers) along the conjugated polymer backbone. In this research, we report on a scenario that arises where certain (commonly used) anions in water induce oxygenation of the conducting polymers heteroatom. This is in contrast to the widely reported doping process, and the recently reported hydrolysis of conducting polymers. We observe that the transition between these different conducting polymer‐interactions/reactions is well described by the concept of structure‐making and structure‐breaking anions. Poly(3,4‐propylenedioxy thiophene dimethyl) (PProDOT‐Me2), polypyrrole (PPy), and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT) thin films are exposed to a range of anions in water. Both PProDOT‐Me2 and PPy are susceptible to oxygenation, while in contrast PEDOT is doped, when exposed to structure‐breaking anions. All the polymers show hydrolysis for structure‐making anions. The knowledge of the interaction and/or reaction of conducting polymers with anions in water is not only critical to their application in devices for aqueous environments (i.e., sensing), but also for their processing and fabrication using water.
Three‐Dimensional Graphene‐Based Macrostructures for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Cui Huijuan , Guo Yibo , Zhou Zhen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage and conversion is an effective strategy to relieve the increasing energy and environment crisis. The sluggish reaction kinetics in the related devices is one of the major obstacles for them to realize practical applications. More efforts should be devoted to searching for high‐efficiency electrocatalysts and enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. 3D graphene macrostructures (3D GMs) are one kind of porous crystalline materials with 3D structures at both micro‐ and macro‐scale. The unique structure can achieve large accessible surface area, expose many active sites, promote fast mass/electron transport, and provide wide room for further functional modification. All these features make them promising candidates for electrocatalysis. In this review, the authors focus on the latest progress of 3D GMs for electrocatalysis. First, the preparation methods of 3D GMs are introduced followed by the strategies for functional modifications. Then, their electrocatalytic performances are discussed in detail including monofunctional and bifunctional electrocatalysis. The electrocatalytic processes involve oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are presented to offer a guideline for the exploration of excellent 3D GM‐based electrocatalysts.
Advances in Chiral Metal–Organic and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lou Lan‐Lan , Yu Kai , Liu Shuangxi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAsymmetric catalysis is of crucial importance owing to the huge and rising demand for optically pure substances. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as two emerging crystalline porous materials, have presented great promising applications for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis. The unique properties, such as, highly regular porous structures, prominent structural tunability, and well‐ordered catalytic sites, render chiral MOFs (CMOFs) and chiral COFs (CCOFs) highly active and enantioselective for a large number of asymmetric catalytic organic transformations. Furthermore, they provide a useful platform for facile mechanistic understanding and catalyst design. This review provides an overview of the advancements in CMOFs and CCOFs for asymmetric catalysis. The designs, syntheses and structures of these crystalline porous materials, and their asymmetric catalytic performance are described. And the perspectives on challenges and opportunities in development of CMOFs and CCOFs are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will shed light on the heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis with CMOFs and CCOFs and motivate further research in this promising field.
Dlk1 regulates quiescence in calcitonin receptor-mutant muscle stem cells
Authors: Zhang Lidan , Kubota Manami , Nakamura Ayasa , Kaji Takayuki , Seno Shigeto , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Andersen Ditte Caroline , Jensen Charlotte Harken , Fukada So-ichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Muscle stem cells, also called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration and are sustained in an undifferentiated and quiescent state under steady conditions. The calcitonin receptor (CalcR)-protein kinase A (PKA)-Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) axis is one pathway that maintains quiescence in MuSCs. Although CalcR signaling in MuSCs has been identified, the critical CalcR signaling targets are incompletely understood. Here, we show the relevance between the ectopic expression of delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) and the impaired quiescent state in CalcR-conditional knockout (cKO) MuSCs. Dlk1 expression was rarely detected in both quiescent and proliferating MuSCs in control mice, whereas Dlk1 expression was remarkably increased in CalcR-cKO MuSCs at both the mRNA and protein levels. It is noteworthy that all Ki67+ non-quiescent CalcR-cKO MuSCs express Dlk1, and non-quiescent CalcR-cKO MuSCs are enriched in the Dlk1+ fraction by cell sorting. Using mutant mice, we demonstrated that PKA-activation or Yap1-depletion suppressed Dlk1 expression in CalcR-cKO MuSCs, which suggests that the CalcR-PKA-Yap1 axis inhibits the expression of Dlk1 in quiescent MuSCs. Moreover, the loss of Dlk1 rescued the quiescent state in CalcR-cKO MuSCs, which indicates that the ectopic expression of Dlk1 disturbs quiescence in CalcR-cKO. Collectively, our results suggest that ectopically expressed Dlk1 is responsible for the impaired quiescence in CalcR-cKO MuSCs.
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta promotes muscle stem cell quiescence through regulation of quiescence-associated genes
Authors: Lala-Tabbert Neena , AlSudais Hamood , Marchildon François , Fu Dechen , Wiper-Bergeron Nadine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle depends on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells that in healthy, uninjured muscle remain quiescent (noncycling). After activation and expansion of satellite cells postinjury, satellite cell numbers return to uninjured levels and return to mitotic quiescence. Here, we show that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is required to maintain quiescence of satellite cells in uninjured muscle. We show that C/EBPβ is expressed in quiescent satellite cells in vivo and upregulated in noncycling myoblasts in vitro. Loss of C/EBPβ in satellite cells promotes their premature exit from quiescence resulting in spontaneous activation and differentiation of the stem cell pool. Forced expression of C/EBPβ in myoblasts inhibits proliferation by upregulation of 28 quiescence-associated genes. Furthermore, we find that caveolin-1 is a direct transcriptional target of C/EBPβ and is required for cell cycle exit in muscle satellite cells expressing C/EBPβ. The induction of mitotic quiescence is considered necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult stem cell populations with dysregulation driving increased differentiation of progenitors and depletion of the stem cell pool. Our findings place C/EBPβ as an important transcriptional regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence.
Electrosynthesis in Laminar Flow Using a Flow Microreactor
Authors: Shida Naoki , Nakamura Yuto , Atobe Mahito 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectrosynthesis and microflow synthesis have become essential tools in their own rights in modern organic synthesis. In this personal account, we summarize our works on the integrated use of these techniques, i. e., electrosynthesis in a flow microreactor. Our group has developed an electrochemical microflow system composed of a pair of electrodes that face each other to form a micrometer‐scale gap for the flow path, through which solution passes in laminar flow. By the aid of laminar flow, unprecedented chemo‐ and electrochemical selectivity has been observed, which is not achievable with conventional batch‐type electrochemical cells. In addition, we showcase various unique electrochemical systems and reactions achieved with the flow microreactor, including self‐supported electrolysis, efficient paired electrolysis, in situ generation of active species and its flash use, the spaciotemporal control of electropolymerization, and combinatorial screening of the reaction conditions.
Hydrogen from Water is more than a Fuel: Hydrogenations and Hydrodeoxygenations for a Biobased Economy
Authors: Harnisch Falk , Morejón Micjel Chávez 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWorldwide a hydrogen‐based economy is on the political agenda. Its centre forms molecular hydrogen (H2) that should serve mainly as energy carrier and fuel. However, currently and foreseeable in the future H2is playing its main role as reactant in the chemical industry. Electrolytic generation and storage of H2gas is energy demanding and may hardly become economically at the large scale. We argue that in the overall transition towards an economy that is based on biomolecules and CO2as carbon feedstock electrochemical hydrogenations and hydrodeoxygenations in aqueous solutions need to be moved in the centre. Departing from the well‐known fact that electrochemistry allows creating reactive hydrogen species from water, i. e. hydrogen instatu nascendi(H.), at ambient temperature and pressure we illustrate the existing diversity of reactions based thereon. We focus on examples of model compounds from thermal biomass pretreatment and products from real thermal biomass pretreatment (bio‐oil). Consequently, we advocate that electrochemical hydrogenations and hydrodeoxygenations have to be further explored and interweaved into existing process lines.
High‐spin square planar iron(II) alkali metal siloxide complexes – influence of the alkali metal and reactivity towards O2 and NO
Authors: Beckmann Fabian , Kass Dustin , Keck Matthias , Yelin Stefan , Hoof Santina , Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Krause Konstantin B. , Ar Deniz , Limberg Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractComplexes [L2Fe][Li(DME)]2, 1(DME), {[L2Fe][Na2(DME)3]}∞, 2(DME) and [L2Fe][K(DME)2]2, 3(DME) were synthesized by deprotonation of LH2 (LH2=O(SiPh2OH)2) with the respective alkali metal tert‐butoxides followed by recrystallization from DME. It turned out that upon crossing over from Li+ via Na+ to K+ counterions the structures of the high‐spin iron(II) complexes are increasingly distorted from a square planar towards a tetrahedral structure so that 3(DME) represents a borderline case, as indicated by the τ‐values. The distortions are also reflected in the Mössbauer spectra through the quadrupole splittings. The compounds behave inert in contact with O atom transfer reagents but react rapidly with dioxygen. The reaction rates are too high to be determined even by stopped‐flow measurements quantitatively, but qualitatively it emerged that the rates increase from Li to Na to K. Using NO as an O2 surrogate an NO adduct with an S = 3/2 ground state was isolated where NO is coordinated in an end‐on binding mode, formally as a NO− ligand, with a significantly weakened NO bond.
Quantum stabilizer codes, lattices, and CFTs
Authors: Dymarsky Anatoly , Shapere Alfred 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is a rich connection between classical error-correcting codes, Euclidean lattices, and chiral conformal field theories. Here we show that quantum error-correcting codes, those of the stabilizer type, are related to Lorentzian lattices and non-chiral CFTs. More specifically, real self-dual stabilizer codes can be associated with even self-dual Lorentzian lattices, and thus define Narain CFTs. We dub the resulting theories code CFTs and study their properties. T-duality transformations of a code CFT, at the level of the underlying code, reduce to code equivalences. By means of such equivalences, any stabilizer code can be reduced to a graph code. We can therefore represent code CFTs by graphs. We study code CFTs with small central charge c = n ≤ 12, and find many interesting examples. Among them is a non-chiral E8 theory, which is based on the root lattice of E8 understood as an even self-dual Lorentzian lattice. By analyzing all graphs with n ≤ 8 nodes we find many pairs and triples of physically distinct isospectral theories. We also construct numerous modular invariant functions satisfying all the basic properties expected of the CFT partition function, yet which are not partition functions of any known CFTs. We consider the ensemble average over all code theories, calculate the corresponding partition function, and discuss its possible holographic interpretation. The paper is written in a self-contained manner, and includes an extensive pedagogical introduction and many explicit examples.
Nighttime Cholecystectomies are Safe When Controlled for Individual Patient Risk Factors–A Nationwide Case–Control Analysis
Authors: Merati‐Kashani Kian , Canal Claudio , Birrer Dominique Lisa , Clavien Pierre‐Alain , Neuhaus Valentin , Turina Matthias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate if the time of day a cholecystectomy was performed affects in‐hospital complication rates and mortality.MethodsA national quality measurement database was retrospectively studied. Study period was 2010 to 2017. The inclusion criteria were operatively treated cholecystitis or another benign disease of the gallbladder. Further, the time of day the operation was performed must have been documented. We defined nighttime as all interventions performed between 7PM until 6AM. A total of 11′459 patients were included. Development of any complication during hospitalization and in‐hospital mortality was the main outcomes. The first part of the study was solely descriptive. In the second part, we applied a 1:1 case–control‐matching. A matched group of 274 pairs were further investigated.ResultsOnly 8.4% of the procedures were performed during nighttime. Complications occurred in 6.7% of all patients. We found twice as many complications in the nighttime group compared to the daytime group. Mortality was 0.56% during daytime and 0.52% during nighttime. In a matched‐pair analysis, however, we found no significant differences in the overall mortality rate nor in the occurrence of complications when comparing day‐ vs. nighttime operations.ConclusionsWe found twice as many complications in the nighttime group (12%) compared to the daytime group (6.1%), mainly related to patient risk factors. In contrast to common apprehension, however, nighttime cholecystectomies were not associated with higher mortality rates.
Locomotion and kinematics of arachnids
Authors: Wolff Jonas O. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA basic feature of animals is the capability to move and disperse. Arachnids are one of the oldest lineages of terrestrial animals and characterized by an octopodal locomotor apparatus with hydraulic limb extension. Their locomotion repertoire includes running, climbing, jumping, but also swimming, diving, abseiling, rolling, gliding and -passively- even flying. Studying the unique locomotor functions and movement ecology of arachnids is important for an integrative understanding of the ecology and evolution of this diverse and ubiquitous animal group. Beyond biology, arachnid locomotion is inspiring robotic engineers. The aim of this special issue is to display the state of the interdisciplinary research on arachnid locomotion, linking physiology and biomechanics with ecology, ethology and evolutionary biology. It comprises five reviews and ten original research reports covering diverse topics, ranging from the neurophysiology of arachnid movement, the allometry and sexual dimorphism of running kinematics, the effect of autotomy or heavy body parts on locomotor efficiency, and the evolution of silk-spinning choreography, to the biophysics of ballooning and ballistic webs. This closes a significant gap in the literature on animal biomechanics.
Structural and functional brain asymmetries in the early phases of life: a scoping review
Authors: Bisiacchi Patrizia , Cainelli Elisa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAsymmetry characterizes the brain in both structure and function. Anatomical asymmetries explain only a fraction of functional variability in lateralization, with structural and functional asymmetries developing at different periods of life and in different ways. In this work, we perform a scoping review of the cerebral asymmetries in the first brain development phases. We included all English-written studies providing direct evidence of hemispheric asymmetries in full-term neonates, foetuses, and premature infants, both at term post-conception and before. The final analysis included 57 studies. The reviewed literature shows large variability in the used techniques and methodological procedures. Most structural studies investigated the temporal lobe, showing a temporal planum more pronounced on the left than on the right (although not all data agree), a morphological asymmetry already present from the 29th week of gestation. Other brain structures have been poorly investigated, and the results are even more discordant. Unlike data on structural asymmetries, functional data agree with each other, identifying a leftward dominance for speech stimuli and an overall dominance of the right hemisphere in all other functional conditions. This generalized dominance of the right hemisphere for all conditions (except linguistic stimuli) is in line with theories stating that the right hemisphere develops earlier and that its development is less subject to external influences because it sustains functions necessary to survive.
A structured expressive writing activity targeting body image-related distress among head and neck cancer survivors: who do we reach and what are the effects?
Authors: Melissant Heleen C. , Jansen Femke , Eerenstein Simone E. J. , Cuijpers Pim , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Sherman Kerry A. , Laan Ellen T. M. , Leemans C. René , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this pretest–posttest study was to investigate the reach and effects of My Changed Body (MyCB), an expressive writing activity based on self-compassion, among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors.

Methods
This pilot study had a pretest–posttest design. HNC survivors received an invitation to complete a baseline survey on body image-related distress. At the end of the survey, HNC survivors were asked if they were interested in the intervention study. This entailed the writing activity and a survey 1 week and 1 month post-intervention. The reach was calculated by dividing the number of participants in the intervention study, by the number of (1) eligible HNC survivors and (2) those who filled in the baseline survey. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect on body image-related distress. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with the reach and reduced body image-related distress. MyCB was evaluated using study-specific questions.

Results
The reach of MyCB was 15–33% (depending on reference group) and was associated with lower education level, more social eating problems, and fewer wound healing problems. Among the 87 participants, 9 (10%) showed a clinically relevant improvement in body image-related distress. No significant effect on body image-related distress was found. Self-compassion improved significantly during follow-up until 1 month post-intervention (p=0.003). Users rated satisfaction with MyCB as 7.2/10.

Conclusion
MyCB does not significantly improve body image-related distress, but is likely to increase self-compassion, which sustains for at least 1 month.