bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Education for Practicing Physicians (NEPP)
Authors: Kohlmeier Martin , Adams Kelly , Zeisel Steven 
Published: June 2021

The Nutrition in Medicine (NIM) project has a long history of curriculum development for medical students. We have now created innovative online nutrition instruction for physicians in training.The new Nutrition Education for Practicing Physicians (NEPP) initiative employs the same successful platform already used by most US medical schools. NEPP is bringing evidence‐based clinical nutrition education to medical residents, preparing them to address the major nutrition‐related health concerns encountered in everyday practice. Our innovative approach presents very brief learning units that take 5–15 minutes to complete. We teach one nutrition‐related clinical skill at a time and engage the learners with practical exercises. The user gets immediate feedback on performance as part of the learning process. The exercises also continuously assess learning progress and direct navigation based on proficiency.As part of our evaluation, we are embedding in the materials survey questions to determine how the previous use of learning units have led physicians to alter their nutrition practice behaviors. We expect that this unique curriculum for medical practitioners will ultimately improve patient outcomes. The online material for clinical nutrition education is available to all physicians in training free of charge at nutritioninmedicine.org.Supported by the National Cancer Institute
Affects on timeliness of dietitian assessment in acute care: Nutrition screening in acute care related to hospital length of stay and timing of dietitian assessment
Authors: DeGarie Danielle , Gonzales Dana , Hays Nicholas , Hakkak Reza 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo understand the relationship between two nutrition screening tools, timeliness of dietitian (RD) assessment, and length of hospital stay (HLOS).MethodsA sample of 606 patients admitted to an acute care facility from a database of chart audits was analyzed. Descriptive statistics of timeliness of RD assessment and HLOS were conducted. Nutrition screening tools were compared using a t‐test to evaluate differences in referral rates, patients screened at risk, and timeliness of RD assessment.ResultsThere was significant difference in patients screened at risk between tools (38.4% vs. 24.4%). In patients screened at risk, there was no significant association between tools and rate of referral or in day of RD assessment. Patients who were screened at risk and referred to were seen 1.97 days earlier than those not referred. There was no significant difference observed in HLOS comparing screening tools or based on RD referral in at risk patients.ConclusionDietitian referral was shown to have the greatest impact on timeliness of RD assessment independent of the type of screening tool used. The screening tool that more closely resembled a previously validated tool showed more patients at risk but did not influence whether or not a referral was made. Continual evaluation of screening and referral practices is needed. Supported by Department of Dietetics and Nutrition.
Analysis of dietary pattern and nutritional status for adults in Hubei, China
Authors: Song Yi , Liu Su , Li Jun , Gong Chengrui 
Published: June 2021

To describe and analyze the dietary pattern and nutritional status in Hubei province, we used a subpopulation aged 18–45 years old in Hubei province from an ongoing cohort study, China Health and Nutrition Survey. Trained nutritionists collected detailed diet data by using weighing method in combination with 3 consecutive 24‐hour recalls. Experienced physicians collected anthropometric data. We applied factor analysis to define major dietary patterns. The prevalence of underweight and overweight was 5.2 % and 32.3 % in Hubei residents in 2009, respectively. Fruit and dairy consumption remained at very low levels over this period while the consumption of dietary fat and added salt remained at very high levels. Residents in urban areas consumed more meat and meat products than those in rural areas, while residents in both urban and rural areas reduced fish and seafood intake. Energy and protein intakes levels were above the Chinese reference nutrient intake (RNI) while fat intake was excessive in all subpopulations. Urban residents consumed more energy, protein and fat from animal foods. Inadequate levels of thiamine, riboflavin and calcium were found. Overall these dietary changes are linked with a major increase in obesity in Hubei.This study was supported by NIH (R01‐HD30880) and Fogarty International Center, NIH (5D43TW007709).
Anonymized, genotype‐directed online nutrition guidance
Authors: Kohlmeier Martin 
Published: June 2021

Unaided tailoring of individual food selections to multiple genotype‐directed nutrient intake targets greatly exceeds the abilities of lay consumers and dietetic professionals alike. Previous draft versions provided proof‐of‐concept for computer‐assisted menu planning (http://www.nim.unc.edu/nutrition/guidance.html). Added functionalities and an expanded food database have now improved usability and consumer choice.The personal target sets depend on user characteristics and genetic data. The user never enters personally identifying information, DNA samples are identified by code.The algorithmic core calculates and ranks the sum of normalized parabolic distance functions relative to personal target sets of individually selectable nutrients and food groups in a potential menu. The program offers an initial choice of well‐matched daily meal plans. The user can then make unlimited modifications by replacing, adding or deleting items. Real‐time displays of color‐coded lists, which show alternative foods ranked by goodness‐of‐fit, make finding acceptable choices easy.Initial user tests indicate that this online tool effectively supports personalized meal planning based on complex genotype patterns.
Smaller concentration‐supplementation slopes at a higher vitamin D treatment dose
Authors: Barker Tyler , Dixon Brian M. , Weaver Lindell K. 
Published: June 2021

There are conflicting reports regarding serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D total] concentration slope increases at different vitamin D3 supplementation doses. The purpose of this study was to normalize serum 25(OH)D concentration increases to different vitamin D3 supplementation doses. A prospective, double‐blind, placebo controlled study was conducted in healthy adults (23–43 years). Twenty‐two subjects were randomized to one of three groups: vitamin D3 supplementation at (1) 200 IU (n = 7) or (2) 4000 IU (n = 7), or (3) a matching placebo (n = 8). Supplements were taken daily for 28 days during the winter season (latitude ≈40° N). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in fasting blood draw samples obtained prior to and 7‐, 14‐, 21‐ and 28‐d after supplementation. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations increased 21‐d (P < 0.001) after 200 IU and 7‐d (P < 0.001) after 4000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation. Following supplementation, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were greater in the 4000 IU compared to the 200 IU (P < 0.05) and placebo (P < 0.05) groups. The concentration‐supplementation dose slopes (ng/ml/100 IU) were greater (P < 0.05) following 200 IU compared to 4000 IU of vitamin D3. In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D concentration increases were greater but concentration‐dose slopes were lower at a higher vitamin D3 supplementation dose.Sources of support: Deseret Foundation, UT and USANA Health Sciences, Inc., UT
DNA‐dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Expression in Human Vascular Cells
Authors: Ju Jihang , Naura Amarjit S. , Kim Hogyoung , Errami Youssef , Boulares Hamid 
Published: June 2021

Human cell universally express high level of DNA‐PK that is not fully understood. It suggests DNA‐PK may play a secondary role in human cells.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK) and vascular cell adhesion molecule1 (VCAM‐1) in human vascular cells.MethodsshRNA technique and kinase inhibitor were utilized to reduce DNA‐PK activity in cultured cells; VCAM‐1 expression was analyzed using immunoblot analysis and Real‐Time PCR.ResultsTreatment with TNF induced a robust VCAM‐1 expression in the DNA‐PK‐proficient M059K cells, while such an induction was severely impaired in the DNA‐PK‐deficient M059J cells. Knocking down DNA‐PKcs expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) reduced VCAM‐1 expression after TNF treatment. The effect was confirmed by using specific DNA‐PK inhibitor, NU7026. TNF‐induced, NF‐kappa B‐dependent signal transduction was not affected by DNA‐PK.ConclusionDNA‐PK influences the expression of VCAM‐1 in human vascular cells. It may ultimately provide a possible therapeutic target for suppression or prevention of atherosclerosis and other related vascular diseases.
B‐hydroxy‐ B‐methylbutyrate (HMB)Supplementation and Resistance Training (RT) May Improve Body Composition and Muscle Function in Healthy Elderly Men (66–78 years): A 24‐Week Study
Authors: Kendall Kristina Leigh , Stout Jeffrey R , Smith Abbie E , Fukuda David H , Moon Jordan R , Rea Marshal L , Cramer Joel T , Johnson Catherine D 
Published: June 2021

To determine the effects of HMB and RT on body composition in elderly men.METHODSNinty‐seven subjects (49 women, 48 men) consumed either a placebo (200 mg Calcium) or treatment (1.2g HMB‐200 mg Calcium) twice daily and enrolled into a no‐training placebo group (NT); treatment (NT‐HMB), RT, or treatment plus RT (RT‐HMB), 3.wk−1 for 12‐ and 24‐weeks. Leg extension (LE), grip strength (GRIP), get‐up‐and‐go (GUG) and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to evaluate functionality, muscle mass (MM) and abdominal fat (AFM). Total Body Fat‐mass (FM) was assessed using a 4‐compartment model.RESULTSFM showed a significantly greater decrease for RT‐HMB compared to NT (p=0.006), NT‐HMB (p=0.001). Furthermore, changes in AFM were greater compared to NT (p=0.02), NT‐HMB (p=0.03), and RT (p=0.03). MM improved at 12‐weeks for NT‐HMB (p=0.014) and RT (p=0.004) and at 24 weeks for RT (p=0.003) and RT‐HMB (p=0.032). Week 12 muscle function increased (p≤0.01) for the NT‐HMB (LE180), RT (LE60), RT‐HMB (LE60) and at 24 weeks for NT‐HMB (LE180, GUG), RT (LE60, LE180, GRIP), and RT‐HMB (GRIP, GUG) (p≤0.01).CONCLUSIONRT improved body composition and strength in elderly men. In addition, HMB without exercise may improve muscle mass and function in this group of subjects. Combining HMB with RT appears to augment fat loss during the first 12 weeks with no further effect at 24 weeks. Supported by Abbott Nutrition Grant.
Reported energy intake by weight status, day and Estimated Energy Requirement among adults: NHANES 2003–2008
Authors: Brandt Kyal , Carriquiry Alicia L , Johnson LuAnn , Jahns Lisa 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo describe energy intake reporting by gender, weight status, and interview sequence and to compare reported intakes to the Estimated Energy Requirement at different levels of physical activity.MethodsEnergy intake was self‐reported by 24‐hour recall on two occasions (day 1 and day 2), approximately 10 days apart. Weight status was calculated from measured height and weight. EER was calculated for each individual based on 4 physical activity scenarios, and differences in intake – EER and % of EER were calculated using a sedentary activity level. Means and differences were derived using SAS PROC SURVEY.ResultsOn average, reported day 1 energy intake was 100–300 kcal higher than day 2. Comparing intake to EER calculated using a default physical activity level of “sedentary”, we see that overweight and obese groups tend to report intakes for both day 1 and day 2 that are below the calculated EER. Healthy and underweight groups tend to report intakes that are greater than the calculated EER for both days. This could be a result of dieting in the obese and overweight groups, or an increased tendency to under report intakes as BMI increases.Source of support: National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service #2007‐35215‐18102
Anti‐obesity effect of Actiponin supplementation in obese Korean subjects: A 12 week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Park Soo‐Hyun , Back Hyang‐Im , Kim Sun‐Young , Park Eun‐Ok , Oh Mi‐Ra , Kim Min‐Gul , Choi Eun‐Kyung , Jung Su Jin , Yu Il Han , Kim Hye Mi , Huh Tae‐Lin , Cha Youn‐Soo , Chae Soo‐Wan 
Published: June 2021

To investigate the effects of Actiponin, a modified extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum plant, on anti‐obesity effect in human, we carried out 12 week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial for obese Korean subjects.Obese subjects [both BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and WHR ≥ 0.90(men), WHR ≥ 0.85(women)] who were not diagnosed with any disease were included in this study. Eighty subjects (40.08 ± 10.60 years, 164.3 ± 8.8 cm) were randomly divided into a Actiponin (n=40, 450 mg/day) or Placebo group (n=40). Outcomes included measures of efficacy (Anthropometric parameter, abdominal fat distribution by computerized tomography, blood components) and safety (adverse events, laboratory test, electrocardiogram, and vital sign). Seventy‐four subjects (36 Actiponin group, 38 Placebo group) finished the study. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, body fat mass, body fat percent, weight, BMI (body mass index, kg/m2) in the Actiponin group was significantly reduced compared to the Placebo group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.05). Also there was no clinically significant change of safety parameter. These results suggested that Actiponin supplementation may have positive effect on anti‐obesity.
MyD88‐independent pathway plays an important role in alcohol‐induced osteonecrosis
Authors: OKAZAKI SHUNICHIRO , TATEDA KENJI , NAGOYA SATOSHI , KATADA RYUICHI , MIZUO KEISUKE , WATANABE SATOSHI , YAMASHITA TOSHIHIKO , MATSUMOTO HIROSHI 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONF) occurs under steroid therapy or chronic alcohol consumption. Most of patients with alcohol‐induced ONF contract alcoholic fatty liver disease, in the pathogenesis of which LPS, a ligand of TLR4, plays a crucial role. However, the pathogenesis of alcohol‐induced ONF remains unclear. In the present study, we found that feeding alcohol liquid diet for experimental alcoholic fatty liver disease causes ONF and clarified role of proinflammatory responses in the pathogenesis.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed Lieber DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% ethanol or dextran for 1–6 weeks. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed.ResultsAlcohol liquid diet feeding remarkably promoted ONF. The animal had hepatic steatosis, liver dysfunction, and hyperlipidemia as well as many previous reports. Blood IFN gamma was increased in the rat fed with alcohol liquid diet, while adiponectin levels was decreased in the rat. IFN gamma and adiponectin can be related to TLR4 understream pathways via MyD88‐independent and dependent.ConclusionsWe found ONF in the rat fed alcohol liquid diet. The animal showed elevated IFN gamma and decreased adiponectin, suggesting that IFN gamma signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of alcohol‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Application of MIQE Guidelkines to Measuring Effects of Maternal Smoking on nAChR mRNA Expresiion in the Striatum
Authors: Williamson Paula Denise , Weiss Emily Sarah , Middleton Courtney , Adams Jamie , Dolan Maureen C , Buchanan Roger A 
Published: June 2021

Prenatal exposure to the constituents of cigarette smoke (maternal smoking) is known to have deleterious effects on health. We report effects of maternal smoking on expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in the striatum. Pregnant dams were exposed to cigarette smoke (350 ml/exp, 3 exp/day) from gestational day 4 through parturition. Brain regions were harvested from male and female prepubertal (PND 20), pubertal (PND 35) and post‐pubertal (PND 60) pups of unexposed and exposed dams. RNA was extracted from tissue samples using a Promega Maxwell 16.. cDNA was reverse‐transcribed using iScript Select cDNA synthesis and amplified and detected with SSO Fast EvaGreen Supermix Green by real time RTqPCR.cDNA was pooled and used to evaluate primer efficiencies, and reference gene stability. Primer efficiencies ranged from 72 to 117% and reference gene stabilities (M values) ranged from 0.2 to 0.8. mRNA expression of nAChR subunits α2, α3, α4, α5 a7, β2 and β4 was measured and compared at each PND, exposure and gender. Differences in expression of several subunits were observed. MIQE standards for reporting results of RT‐qPCR experiments were followed.We also report results of mRNA extraction experiments performed on very small amounts of CNS tissue. These results show that sufficient amounts of mRNA can be obtained from samples as small as 1 mm3 and from identified brain regions from newborn (PND 1) pups.
Moderate aerobic exercise reduces ozone‐produced oxidative stress in rats
Authors: VillanuevaLopez Guadalupe Cleva , MartinezCampos Catalina , Kross Robert David , LaraPadilla Eleazar 
Published: June 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) increases as a result of exercise adaptation. Moderate exercise produces oxidative stress (OS) that stimulates endogenous antioxidant capacity. We previously found that ozone (O3) produced OS and endothelial dysfunction in rats. O3 has been related to increased all‐cause mortality in humans, and aerobic exercise reduced this relationship. The goal of this study was to determine if moderate aerobic exercise reduced OS produced by O3. Male Wistar rats (230–250 g, 10‐weeks old, n=12) were trained to swim 90 min daily (14 days). Six of the rats were exposed to O3 (0.5 ppm, 4 h/day) one hour before exercise. Two groups of sedentary rats (n=6, each) were used as control, one of which was exposed to O3. At the end of the experiment blood was taken from the carotid artery and the animals were euthanized. Measurements were made on the plasma. O3 decreased reduced nitrates (indirect measurement of NO) and produced OS manifested by increased plasma malondialdehyde and 8‐isoprostane, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Exercise significantly blocked O3 effects, although SOD was also decreased by exercise (the greater drop was in the O3 group).ConclusionAerobic exercise protects against OS produced by O3 and the effect is independent of SOD. Future studies will determine if exercise effects remain after long O3 exposure and if other antioxidants are responsible for those effects
Wingate Test Peak Power is Positively Correlated to Peak Torque and Power in Bilateral Isokinetic Knee Dynamometry
Authors: Lunn William , Zenoni Maria , Crandall Ian , Berglund Michelle , Dress Ashley , Wiley Charlie , Axtell Robert 
Published: June 2021

The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is a popular and common assessment of muscular anaerobic power and fatigability among power‐oriented athletes. Similarly, bilateral, isokinetic knee dynamometry (ID), assessing peak knee joint torque and power, has vital clinical applications for the rehabilitating power athlete.PurposeThe aim of the study was to determine the relationship between peak power (PP_WAnT) and relative peak power (RelPP_WAnT) from the WAnT and knee joint peak torque (TORQ), relative peak torque (RelTORQ) and leg peak power (PP_ID) from ID in both flexion (FLX) and extension (EXT).MethodsHealthy adult males (n = 14) completed a trial of each of the WAnT and ID test on separate days. Knee FLX and EXT were evaluated at three angular speeds (60, 180, and 300º/s). Flywheel resistance for the WAnT was individualized to elicit a peak pedaling cadence between 80–120 rpm during the test (7.0–11.0 % of body weight).ResultsPearson product‐moment correlations were positive and strong for each leg at each speed in both FLX and EXT between PP_WAnT and each of TORQ and PP_ID, and between RelPP_WAnT and RelTORQ (p < 0.05).ConclusionFindings suggest that data from either the WAnT or the ID test may be used as a substitute for the other when assessing power outcomes in healthy adult males. This may be useful in laboratory or athletic training environments in which one, but not both, tests are available.
Autophagy plays a beneficial role against mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Dutta Debapriya , Xu Jinze , Wohlgemuth Stephanie , Dunn William A , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan 
Published: June 2021

Healthy mitochondria are vital for cellular homeostasis and survival. Oxidatively stressed mitochondria can release pro‐apoptotic signals causing cell death. Dysfunctional mitochondria are removed by autophagy, a process during which damaged proteins and organelles are sequestered and degraded.ObjectiveTo determine whether interventions targeted to upregulate autophagy can protect HL‐1 cardiomyocytes against enhanced mitochondrial damage in HL‐1 cardiomyocytes.MethodsHL‐1 cells were treated with the mitochondrial toxin Antimycin A (AMA), and mitochondrial superoxide generation, membrane potential, cellular DNA/RNA oxidation and cell viability were determined. Autophagy was stimulated using amino acid starvation or Rapamycin, and monitored with immunoblotting and epifluorescence imaging. Cell viability was tested with the MTT assay.ResultsAMA increased mitochondrial superoxide generation, decreased membrane potential, increased cellular DNA/RNA oxidation and decreased cell viability of HL‐1 cells. Both amino acid starvation and Rapamycin increased autophagy in HL‐1 cells, and attenuated AMA‐induced cell death.ConclusionEnhanced autophagy has a beneficial effect on survival of AMA‐treated HL‐1 cells. Research Support: NIH (R01 AG021042) to C. Leeuwenburgh and American Heart Fellowship to D. Dutta (10PRE4310091).
Influence of Nanoparticle Inhalation on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Croston Tara L , Baseler Walter A , Thapa Dharendra , Lewis Sara E , Nurkiewicz Timothy R , Yi Jinghai , Hollander John M 
Published: June 2021

Particle inhalation affects directly contacted tissues. Nanoparticles may elicit more robust effects due to their greater surface area. However, the effects to extrapulmonary tissues, such as the heart, are unclear. Mitochondria play a critical role in cardiac function and may be negatively influenced by particulate exposure. Cardiac mitochondria are situated in a spatially distinct manner, with those between the myofibrils (IFM) and those beneath the sarcolemma (SSM). The goal of this study was to determine the effect of titanium dioxide (nano‐TiO2) inhalation on mitochondrial function. Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to nano‐TiO2 aerosols (CMAD=140–150 nm) at 4–5 mg/m3; for 4–6 hrs to achieve a pulmonary deposition of 30 ìg/rat. Twenty‐four hours later, echocardiography revealed a decrease in cardiac ejection fraction. Mitochondrial functional analyses indicated a decrease in electron transport chain complex III, IV, and V activities, with the IFM most affected (P<0.05, for all three). Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl contents were increased in exposed IFM, as compared to control. Caspase 3 and 9 activities were increased in exposed hearts with no effect on caspase 8 activity. The results suggest that nanoparticle inhalation is associated with cardiac mitochondrial damage which may be subject to subcellular spatial influence.(Support: NIH DP2DK083095, 5T32HL090610, ES015022, ES018274)