bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Corona pandemic on consumer's food consumption
Authors: Profeta Adriano , Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Smetana Sergiy , Hossaini Sayed Mahdi , Heinz Volker , Kircher Christian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ongoing corona crisis affected many people worldwide by restrictions in their everyday lives. The question arises to what extent the pandemic has accelerated diet trends or general differences in food consumption between different population groups. For this purpose, an online-survey was carried out in order to determine the effects of the corona lockdown on food consumption, shopping behaviour and eating habits in Germany. The aspects of sustainability and health were given special consideration in this study, reflecting people choices of healthier and more environmentally conscious foods. This study demonstrates that the corona pandemic has a significant impact on consumers’ eating habits. More food was eaten, and more convenience products such as ready-made meals and canned food with a longer shelf life were purchased. The consumption of alcohol and sweets has also increased. In return, there was a reduced consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. The findings reveal that families who are financially affected by the pandemic represent a vulnerable group. With the ongoing pandemic, possible lockdowns, corona-related closings of schools and kindergartens, severe health consequences are expected long term, especially for this population group.
$$\varvec{m}$$–Isometric Composition Operators on Directed Graphs with One Circuit
Authors: Jabłoński Zenon Jan , Kośmider Jakub 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate m–isometric composition operators on directed graphs with one circuit. We establish a characterization of m–isometries and prove that complete hyperexpansivity coincides with 2–isometricity within this class. We discuss the m–isometric completion problem for unilateral weighted shifts and for composition operators on directed graphs with one circuit. The paper is concluded with an affirmative solution of the Cauchy dual subnormality problem in the subclass with circuit containing one element.
Numerical methods for scattering problems in periodic waveguides
Authors: Zhang Ruming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose new numerical methods for scattering problems in periodic waveguides. Based on [20], the “physically meaningful” solution, which is obtained via the Limiting Absorption Principle (LAP) and is called an LAP solution, is written as an integral of quasi-periodic solutions on a contour. The definition of the contour depends both on the wavenumber and the periodic structure. The contour integral is then written as the combination of finite propagation modes and a contour integral on a small circle. Numerical methods are developed and based on the two representations. Compared with other numerical methods, we do not need the LAP process during numerical approximations, thus a standard error estimation is easily carried out. Based on this method, we also develop a numerical solver for halfguide problems. The method is based on the result that any LAP solution of a halfguide problem can be extended to the LAP solution of a fullguide problem. At the end of this paper, we also give some numerical results to show the efficiency of our numerical methods.
Efficient distributed discovery of bidirectional order dependencies
Authors: Schmidl Sebastian , Papenbrock Thorsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBidirectional order dependencies (bODs) capture order relationships between lists of attributes in a relational table. They can express that, for example, sorting books by publication date in ascending order also sorts them by age in descending order. The knowledge about order relationships is useful for many data management tasks, such as query optimization, data cleaning, or consistency checking. Because the bODs of a specific dataset are usually not explicitly given, they need to be discovered. The discovery of all minimal bODs (in set-based canonical form) is a task with exponential complexity in the number of attributes, though, which is why existing bOD discovery algorithms cannot process datasets of practically relevant size in a reasonable time. In this paper, we propose the distributed bOD discovery algorithm DISTOD, whose execution time scales with the available hardware. DISTOD is a scalable, robust, and elastic bOD discovery approach that combines efficient pruning techniques for bOD candidates in set-based canonical form with a novel, reactive, and distributed search strategy. Our evaluation on various datasets shows that DISTOD outperforms both single-threaded and distributed state-of-the-art bOD discovery algorithms by up to orders of magnitude; it can, in particular, process much larger datasets.
Survival of dental implants and occurrence of osteoradionecrosis in irradiated head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Toneatti Daniel Jan , Graf Ronny Roger , Burkhard John-Patrik , Schaller Benoît 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This systematic review assesses dental implant survival, calculates the incidence rate of osteoradionecrosis, and evaluates risk factors in irradiated head and neck cancer patients.

Materials and methods
Various databases (e.g., Medline/Embase using Ovid) and gray literature platforms were searched using a combination of keywords and subject headings. When appropriate, meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model. Otherwise, pooled analysis was applied.

Results
A total of 425 of the 660 included patients received radiotherapy. In total, 2602 dental implants were placed, and 1637 were placed in irradiated patients. Implant survival after an average follow-up of 37.7 months was 97% (5% confidence interval, CI 95.2%, 95% CI 98.3%) in nonirradiated patients and 91.9% (5% CI 87.7%, 95% CI: 95.3%) after an average follow-up of 39.8 months in irradiated patients. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 11 cases, leading to an incidence of 3% (5% CI 1.6%, 95% CI 4.9%). The main factors impacting implant survival were radiation and grafting status, while factors influencing osteoradionecrosis could not be determined using meta-analysis.

Conclusion
Our data show that implant survival in irradiated patients is lower than in nonirradiated patients, and osteoradionecrosis is—while rare—a serious complication that any OMF surgeon should be prepared for. The key to success could be a standardized patient selection and therapy to improve the standard of care, reduce risks and shorten treatment time.

Clinical relevance
Our analysis provides further evidence that implant placement is a feasible treatment option in irradiated head and neck cancer patients with diminished oral function and good long-term cancer prognosis.
Extending a brainiac prover to lambda-free higher-order logic
Authors: Vukmirović Petar , Blanchette Jasmin , Cruanes Simon , Schulz Stephan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDecades of work have gone into developing efficient proof calculi, data structures, algorithms, and heuristics for first-order automatic theorem proving. Higher-order provers lag behind in terms of efficiency. Instead of developing a new higher-order prover from the ground up, we propose to start with the state-of-the-art superposition prover E and gradually enrich it with higher-order features. We explain how to extend the prover’s data structures, algorithms, and heuristics to$$\lambda $$λ-free higher-order logic, a formalism that supports partial application and applied variables. Our extension outperforms the traditional encoding and appears promising as a stepping stone toward full higher-order logic.
Effect of immersive visualization technologies on cognitive load, motivation, usability, and embodiment
Authors: Wenk N. , Penalver-Andres J. , Buetler K. A. , Nef T. , Müri R. M. , Marchal-Crespo L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to promote motor (re)learning in healthy users and brain-injured patients. However, in current VR-based motor training, movements of the users performed in a three-dimensional space are usually visualized on computer screens, televisions, or projection systems, which lack depth cues (2D screen), and thus, display information using only monocular depth cues. The reduced depth cues and the visuospatial transformation from the movements performed in a three-dimensional space to their two-dimensional indirect visualization on the 2D screen may add cognitive load, reducing VR usability, especially in users suffering from cognitive impairments. These 2D screens might further reduce the learning outcomes if they limit users’ motivation and embodiment, factors previously associated with better motor performance. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of more immersive technologies using head-mounted displays (HMDs). As a first step towards potential clinical implementation, we ran an experiment with 20 healthy participants who simultaneously performed a 3D motor reaching and a cognitive counting task using: (1) (immersive) VR (IVR) HMD, (2) augmented reality (AR) HMD, and (3) computer screen (2D screen). In a previous analysis, we reported improved movement quality when movements were visualized with IVR than with a 2D screen. Here, we present results from the analysis of questionnaires to evaluate whether the visualization technology impacted users’ cognitive load, motivation, technology usability, and embodiment. Reports on cognitive load did not differ across visualization technologies. However, IVR was more motivating and usable than AR and the 2D screen. Both IVR and AR rea ched higher embodiment level than the 2D screen. Our results support our previous finding that IVR HMDs seem to be more suitable than the common 2D screens employed in VR-based therapy when training 3D movements. For AR, it is still unknown whether the absence of benefit over the 2D screen is due to the visualization technology per se or to technical limitations specific to the device.
The impact of reading fluency level on interactive information retrieval
Authors: Martínez-Santiago Fernando , Torres-García Alejandro A. , Montejo-Ráez Arturo , Gutiérrez-Palma Nicolás 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven an information need and the corresponding set of documents retrieved, it is known that user assessments for such documents differ from one user to another. One frequent reason that is put forward is the discordance between text complexity and user reading fluency. We explore this relationship from three different dimensions: quantitative features, subjective-assessed difficulty, and reader/text factors. In order to evaluate quantitative features, we wondered whether it is possible to find differences between documents that are evaluated by the user and those that are ignored according to the complexity of the document. Secondly, a task related to the evaluation of the relevance of short texts is proposed. For this end, users evaluated the relevance of these short texts by answering 20 queries. Documents complexity and relevance assessments were done previously by some human experts. Then, the relationship between participants assessments, experts assessments and document complexity is studied. Finally, a third experimentation was performed under the prism of neuro-Information Retrieval: while the participants were monitored with an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset, we tried to find a correlation among EEG signal, text difficulty and the level of comprehension of texts being read during the EEG recording. In light of the results obtained, we found some weak evidence showing that users responded to queries according to text complexity and user’s reading fluency. For the second and third group of experiments, we administered a sub-test from the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test to ensure that participants had a roughly average reading fluency. Nevertheless, we think that additional variables should be studied in the future in order to achieve a sound explanation of the interaction between text complexity and user profile.
Knochengesundheit und Hochleistungssport
Authors: Wallwiener Lisa-Maria , Kapfer Barbara , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungRegelmäßige körperliche Betätigung trägt zu einer gesunden Knochendichte bei, Leistungssportlerinnen in einigen Sportarten weisen jedoch eine erhöhte Prävalenz erniedrigter Knochendichte sowie vermehrt Stressfrakturen auf. Häufig liegt dem ein relatives Energiedefizit (RED), verbunden mit hoher mechanischer Belastung und intensivem Trainingsalltag, zugrunde. Das Vorliegen eines RED im Sport ist oft unterdiagnostiziert, daher hat sich eine systematische multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit unter Zuhilfenahme standardisierter Tests, z. B. des RED‑S CAT (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Clinical Assessment Tool) als hilfreich erwiesen. Therapieansätze zielen primär auf eine Behebung der negativen Energiebilanz der Patientin als auch auf psychotherapeutische Interventionen ab. Darüber hinaus kann in schweren Fällen eine medikamentöse Therapie zur Unterstützung sowohl einer ausgeglichenen hormonellen Situation als auch des Knochenstoffwechsels notwendig sein.
Applicability of Literature Values for Green–Ampt Parameters to Account for Infiltration in Hydrodynamic Rainfall–Runoff Simulations in Ungauged Basins
Authors: Tügel Franziska , Hassan Aziz , Hou Jingming , Hinkelmann Reinhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the suitability of literature parameter values for the Green–Ampt infiltration model to be used in hydrodynamic rainfall–runoff simulations. The outcome of this study supports to decide which literature values should be taken if observed data for model calibration is not available. Different laboratory experiments, a plot-scale experiment in the Thiès catchment in Senegal, and a flash flood in the region of El Gouna in Egypt, have been simulated with the 2D shallow water model Hydroinformatics Modeling System (hms) incorporating the Green–Ampt model. For four test cases with available runoff data, the results of the calibrated models were compared to those obtained from average values after Rawls et al. (Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1:62–70, 1) and Innovyze (Help documentation of XPSWMM and XPStorm, 2). The results showed a clear underestimation of infiltration in two of three considered laboratory experiments, while for a field experiment in Senegal, average values after Rawls et al. (Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1:62–70, 1) led to a strong overestimation and the ones after Innovyze (Help documentation of XPSWMM and XPStorm, 2) to an underestimation of infiltration. In a case study on flash floods in an ungauged region in Egypt, the values of both sources led to a strong overestimation of infiltration, when the simulation results are compared to observed flooding areas. It can be concluded, that the values after Innovyze (Help documentation of XPSWMM and XPStorm, 2) lead to overall better results than the ones after Rawls et al. (Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1:62–70, 1). According to the results, the hydraulic conductivity in ungauged areas with bare sandy soil should be reduced by about 90–100 % compared to the value after Rawls et al. (Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1:62–70, 1).
Exploring solar-terrestrial interactions via multiple imaging observers
Authors: Branduardi-Raymont G. , Berthomier M. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Carter J. A. , Collier M. , Dimmock A. , Dunlop M. , Fear R. C. , Forsyth C. , Hubert B. , Kronberg E. A. , Laundal K. M. , Lester M. , Milan S. , Oksavik K. , Østgaard N. , Palmroth M. , Plaschke F. , Porter F. S. , Rae I. J. , Read A. , Samsonov A. A. , Sembay S. , Shprits Y. , Sibeck D. G. , Walsh B. , Yamauchi M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHow does solar wind energy flow through the Earth’s magnetosphere, how is it converted and distributed?is the question we want to address. We need to understand how geomagnetic storms and substorms start and grow, not just as a matter of scientific curiosity, but to address a clear and pressing practical problem: space weather, which can influence the performance and reliability of our technological systems, in space and on the ground, and can endanger human life and health. Much knowledge has already been acquired over the past decades, particularly by making use of multiple spacecraft measuring conditions in situ, but the infant stage of space weather forecasting demonstrates that we still have a vast amount of learning to do. A novel global approach is now being taken by a number of space imaging missions which are under development and the first tantalising results of their exploration will be available in the next decade. In this White Paper, submitted to ESA in response to the Voyage 2050 Call, we propose the next step in the quest for a complete understanding of how the Sun controls the Earth’s plasma environment: a tomographic imaging approach comprising two spacecraft in highly inclined polar orbits, enabling global imaging of magnetopause and cusps in soft X-rays, of auroral regions in FUV, of plasmasphere and ring current in EUV and ENA (Energetic Neutral Atoms), alongside in situ measurements. Such a mission, encompassing the variety of physical processes determining the conditions of geospace, will be crucial on the way to achieving scientific closure on the question of solar-terrestrial interactions.
Carbon nitride materials: impact of synthetic method on photocatalysis and immobilization for photocatalytic pollutant degradation
Authors: Köwitsch Isabel , Mehring Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent synthesis routes for carbon nitride materials (CN) and the resulting products were compared to study the photocatalytic activity (pollutant degradation) in dependence on structure and properties. The CN materials were synthesized by thermal decomposition of dicyandiamide in air and under argon as well as in sealed ampoules with or without the use of a salt melt. The as-prepared materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption measurement, solid-state NMR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The surface polarity of the CN materials was estimated by adsorption of the dicyano-bis(1,10-phenanthroline)-iron(II) complex, which allows an evaluation of the degree of condensation. The CN materials were tested with regard to the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). It is shown that the photocatalytic activity increases with higher surface polarity. Promising CN materials with high RhB degradation of 85% within 25 min and high surface polarity of 0.89 were selected for an immobilization approach to obtain coatings on a silicone substrate using a high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) spray coating technique. To study the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst coatings, the degradation rates of an aqueous RhB solution and solutions of organic pollutants such as triclosan and ethinyl estradiol were examined. Pollutants are decomposed with up to 63% of the initial concentration. Xenon lamps and different LEDs were used as light sources for comparison. Particularly high degradation efficiencies were obtained using LEDs, and the degradation rates are increased by adjusting the emission spectrum of the lamp to the pollutant and absorption edge of the catalyst, which results in a 40 times higher degradation efficiencies of LEDs compared to a Xe lamp.
Graphical abstract
Can Multi-threaded Flux Tubes in Coronal Arcades Support a Magnetohydrodynamic Avalanche?
Authors: Threlfall J. , Reid J. , Hood A. W. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities allow energy to be released from stressed magnetic fields, commonly modelled in cylindrical flux tubes linking parallel planes, but, more recently, also in curved arcades containing flux tubes with both footpoints in the same photospheric plane. Uncurved cylindrical flux tubes containing multiple individual threads have been shown to be capable of sustaining an MHD avalanche, whereby a single unstable thread can destabilise many. We examine the properties of multi-threaded coronal loops, wherein each thread is created by photospheric driving in a realistic, curved coronal arcade structure (with both footpoints of each thread in the same plane). We use three-dimensional MHD simulations to study the evolution of single- and multi-threaded coronal loops, which become unstable and reconnect, while varying the driving velocity of individual threads. Experiments containing a single thread destabilise in a manner indicative of an ideal MHD instability and consistent with previous examples in the literature. The introduction of additional threads modifies this picture, with aspects of the model geometry and relative driving speeds of individual threads affecting the ability of any thread to destabilise others. In both single- and multi-threaded cases, continuous driving of the remnants of disrupted threads produces secondary, aperiodic bursts of energetic release.
Neuorientierung für das Business-Coaching
Authors: Böning Uwe , Möller Heidi , Giernalczyk Thomas 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungAusgangspunkt der folgenden Beiträge ist die Arbeit „Coaching in der zweiten Romantik: Abstieg oder Aufstieg?“ von Böning und Strikker. Drei Autor/innen nehmen Stellung zu den Fragen: Welchen Einfluss kann Coaching auf den gesellschaftlichen und politischen Diskurs nehmen, um sowohl gesamtgesellschaftliche als auch politische Handlungsnotwendigkeiten aufzugreifen und dazu Stellung zu nehmen? Wie gestaltet Coaching organisationsbezogen kulturelle und politische Verhältnisse mit, wie sie die Autoren unter anderem in ihrem Buch aufwarfen?
New Avenues for Old Travellers: Phenotypic Evolutionary Trends Meet Morphodynamics, and Both Enter the Global Change Biology Era
Authors: Tamagnini Davide , Canestrelli Daniele , Meloro Carlo , Raia Pasquale , Maiorano Luigi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEvolutionary trends (ETs) are traditionally defined as substantial changes in the state of traits through time produced by a persistent condition of directional evolution. ETs might also include directional responses to ecological, climatic or biological gradients and represent the primary evolutionary pattern at high taxonomic levels and over long-time scales. The absence of a well-supported operative definition of ETs blurred the definition of conceptual differences between ETs and other key concepts in evolution such as convergence, parallel evolution, and divergence. Also, it prevented the formulation of modern guidelines for studying ETs and evolutionary dynamics related to them. In phenotypic evolution, the theory of morphodynamics states that the interplay between evolutionary factors such as phylogeny, evo-devo constraints, environment, and biological function determines morphological evolution. After introducing a new operative definition, here we provide a morphodynamics-based framework for studying phenotypic ETs, discussing how understanding the impact of these factors on ETs improves the explanation of links between biological patterns and processes underpinning directional evolution. We envisage that adopting a quantitative, pattern-based, and multifactorial approach will pave the way to new potential applications for this field of evolutionary biology. In this framework, by exploiting the catalysing effect of climate change on evolution, research on ETs induced by global change might represent an ideal arena for validating hypotheses about the predictability of evolution.