bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and Validation of Response Scales
Authors: Ograjenšek Irena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Measurement is defined as a set of rules for assigning either numbers or numerals to empirical properties of a concept under consideration. Complex concepts, which cannot be measured directly, can be operationalized and measured indirectly with the help of variables (often combined in what we refer to as composite indicators). Variables can have different properties of measurement scale: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. The level of measurement determines which mathematical operations are possible on a variable. Those, in turn, define the tools of statistical analysis at researchers' disposal.
Specific measurement tools applicable for indirect measurement of concepts in the survey setting include list questions, category questions, ranking questions, and rating or scale questions. We want them to be reliable and valid, capturing what they are supposed to capture, and, if necessary, also functioning in a cross‐cultural setting.
In the process of survey measurement, data can be obtained either in formal or informal settings and can represent verbal (oral and written) as well as nonverbal acts and/or responses. In order to minimize the possible effect of the chosen data collection method on the validity and/or scope of the research findings, researchers can use two or more methods of data collection to test hypotheses and measure variables; this is the essence of the so‐called triangulation.
Resampling Procedures for Sample Surveys
Authors: Cocchi Daniela , Ievoli Riccardo 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article discusses some resampling techniques that have found widespread application in survey sampling, especially when inference is conducted on the variance of parameter estimates. The following methods are illustrated in a complex survey perspective: random group, balanced repeated replications (or balanced half‐samples), jackknife, and the bootstrap.
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions
Authors: Naji Zahra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To explain the behavior of a whole system, we may need more than one multiple regression with its own set of explanatory variables. Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) is a way to model these equations simultaneously. In this approach, the cross‐correlation between equations will be accounted in the estimation of regression coefficients. SUR has been used in many different areas such as econometrics, environmetrics, and social science. In this article, we discuss SUR model and some of its extensions, along with some of its applications.
Social Deprivation
Authors: Ivaldi Enrico , Ciacci Andrea 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDescending from the definition provided by Townsend in 1987, it is possible to divide deprivation, a broad and complex concept, into two main constitutive dimensions, namely material and social deprivation. Social deprivation emphasizes the scarcity and quantity of social relationships that characterize an individual, as well as their poor quality. The importance of deprivation understood from the social point of view can be expressed by referring to the network of relationships that is formed in a certain community, access to services, family composition, and other numerous aspects that affect daily reality.This work aims to identify the salient features of the concept of social deprivation. The theme has been developed by several authors over time, although it has often been integrated into the more general measures of deprivation.Starting from a general literature review of social deprivation, the main methods of analysis applied to social deprivation are presented. In addition, an in‐depth analysis is proposed on the contributions focused on the link between social deprivation and health, in its various facets.
Penalized Regression
Authors: Shin Seung Jun , Wu Yichao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPenalized regression has gained a great popularity in contemporary applications in statistics and data sciences. There are two main domains in statistics where the penalized regression has been regarded as a canonical tool: nonparametric regressions to obtain smooth regression functions for better prediction accuracy and linear regressions with high‐dimensional predictors to have sparse regression coefficients to improve interpretability as well as the prediction accuracy.
Computational Statistics and Data Science in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Holbrook Andrew J. , Nishimura Akihiko , Ji Xiang , Suchard Marc A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractData science has arrived, and computational statistics is its engine. As the scale and complexity of scientific and industrial data grow, the discipline of computational statistics assumes an increasingly central role among the statistical sciences. An explosion in the range of real‐world applications means the development of more and more specialized computational methods, but five Core Challenges remain. We provide a high‐level introduction to computational statistics by focusing on its central challenges, present recent model‐specific advances, and preach the ever‐increasing role of nonsequential computational paradigms such as multicore, many‐core, and quantum computing. Data science is bringing major changes to computational statistics, and these changes will shape the trajectory of the discipline in the twenty‐first century.
Salinivirgaceae
Authors: Fardeau Marie‐Laure , Spring Stefan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Sa.li.ni.vir.ga.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Salinivirga
type genus of the family; L. suff. ‐
aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Salinivirgaceae
the family of the genus
Salinivirga
.

Bacteroidetes / Bacteroidia / Marinilabiliales / Salinivirgaceae

The family
Salinivirgaceae
belongs to the order
Marinilabiliales
. It is currently represented by a single genus containing one species. The genus
Salinivirga
is phylogenetically distant to the genera
Marinilabilia
(86.2%),
Anaerophaga
(85.8%),
Alkaliflexus
(85.8%)
, Alkalitalea
(85.6%), and
Natronoflexus
(85.6%), within the family
Marinilabiliaceae
with sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA gene around 85–86%. The delineation of the family
Salinivirgaceae
was based on phenotypic, genomic, and ecological characteristics, with
Salinivirga
as the type genus of the family.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 39.

Type genus
:
Salinivirga
Ben Hania et al. 2017, VL176.
Methyloterricola
Authors: Knief Claudia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.ter.ri'co.la. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl group; N.L. pref.
methylo‐
pertaining to the methyl radical; L. fem. n.
terra
earth
;
L. Suff
. ‐cola
(from L. n.
incola
) inhabitant; N.L. fem. n.
Methyloterricola
a terrestrial methyl‐using bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae / Methyloterricola

The genus
Methyloterricola
accommodates obligately methanotrophic bacteria that use methane or methanol as carbon source. Cells are Gram‐negative, aerobic, and motile cocci that occur singly and reproduce by binary fission. Colonies are white, small, circular, and smooth. Cells have an intracellular membrane system, similar to that in other methanotrophic
Gammaproteobacteria
, and accumulate polyphosphate granules. Members of the genus are mesophilic and neutrophilic bacteria. Methane oxidation is performed by the particulate methane monooxygenase, and carbon assimilated via the ribulose‐monophosphate pathway. Genome analysis indicates in addition the presence of a ribulose‐bisphosphate pathway for CO
2
assimilation. These methanotrophs are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
16:1
ω5
c
, and C
16:1
ω7
c
. The most characteristic habitat of this genus is paddy soil, where it has been frequently detected as rice paddy cluster 1.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61.0 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Methyloterricola oryzae
Frindte et al. 2017a
VP
.
Pirellulales
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Pi.rel.lu.la'les. N.L. fem. n.
Pirellula
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Pirellulales
the
Pirellula
order.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales

The order
Pirellulales
accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative, budding, and chemoheterotrophic planctomycetes with ovoid, ellipsoidal, and pear‐ or teardrop‐shaped cells, which occur singly, in pairs, in aggregates, or are assembled in rosette‐like clusters. Cells do not possess a stalk but may form a fibrillar holdfast. Members of this order are aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, neutrophilic, or mildly acidophilic bacteria, which grow on various sugars and polysaccharides. These planctomycetes are most abundant in marine and freshwater environments but also occur in marine sediments, wetlands, activated sludge, and other habitats. The type genus is
Pirellula
. The order contains the families
Pirellulaceae
,
Lacipirellulaceae
, and
Thermoguttaceae
and belongs to the class
Planctomycetia
.
Dissipative Dynamics of Polymer Phononic Materials
Authors: Krushynska Anastasiia O. , Gliozzi Antonio S. , Fina Alberto , Krushinsky Dmitry , Battegazzore Daniele , Badillo‐Ávila Miguel A. , Acuautla Mónica , Stassi Stefano , Noè Camilla , Pugno Nicola M. , Bosia Federico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhononic materials are artificial composites with unprecedented abilities to control acoustic waves in solids. Their performance is mainly governed by their architecture, determining frequency ranges in which wave propagation is inhibited. However, the dynamics of phononic materials also depends on the mechanical and material properties of their constituents. In the case of viscoelastic constituents, such as most polymers, it is challenging to correctly predict the actual dynamic behavior of real phononic structures. Existing studies on this topic either lack experimental evidence or are limited to specific materials and architectures in restricted frequency ranges. A general framework is developed and employed to characterize the dynamics of polymer phononic materials with different architectures made of both thermoset and thermoplastic polymers, presenting qualitatively different viscoelastic behaviors. Through a comparison of experimental results with numerical predictions, the reliability of commonly used elastic and viscoelastic material models is evaluated in broad frequency ranges. Correlations between viscous effects and the two main band‐gap formation mechanisms in phononic materials are revealed, and experimentally verified guidelines on how to correctly predict their dissipative response are proposed in a computationally efficient way. Overall, this work provides comprehensive guidelines for the extension of phononics modeling to applications involving dissipative viscoelastic materials.
Charge Pumping for Sliding‐mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Voltage Stabilization and Boosted Current
Authors: Yang Ze , Yang Yiyong , Wang Hao , Liu Fan , Lu Yijia , Ji Linhong , Wang Zhong Lin , Cheng Jia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs an emerging harvester for mechanical energy, the ultrahigh and unstable voltage and low surface charge density have limited the practical applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, a charge pumping technology is demonstrated for sliding‐mode TENG with voltage stabilization and enhanced current by utilizing unfixed shuttling charges to generate electricity. A voltage booster circuit and a switch circuit are incorporated to elevate charge density and reduce high output voltage, respectively. With this technology, output electricity can be doubled owing to its two conduction domains and the voltage is outputted in an approximately direct‐current form. Moreover, a reduction of 63.9% in voltage fluctuation and an elevation of 43.4% in current are achieved, and an ultrahigh charge density is obtained up to 1328 µC m−2. This sliding charge pump technology is fundamentally different from traditional ones, providing insight into enhancing the output of TENG and offering a new high‐output energy harvesting strategy.
Using hydro‐thermal time for assessing rice blast risk in subtropical Brazil
Authors: Silva Michel Rocha da , Streck Nereu Augusto , Yang Haishun , Ogoshi Claudio , da Costa Ivan Francisco Dressler , Rossato Ioran Guedes , Pereira Vladison Fogliato , Meus Lorenzo Dalcin , Zanon Alencar Junior 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn South Brazil, interannual variability leads to contrasting blast epidemics across years, varying from years when symptoms can barely be seen up to years with complete yield losses. To avoid yield losses, rice (Oryza sativa L.) farmers apply more than two fungicide applications per rice growing season, even if weather conditions are not favorable for blast development. The objective in this study was to use accumulated hourly hydro‐thermal time (HTT) to assess interannual and regional weather variability for rice blast risk, using large data collected from multiple locations and years in southern Brazil. For each year × site × cultivar combination, HTT was calculated using hourly data of mean air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed collected from weather stations. The HTT was correlated with blast onset to define a threshold for blast onset. The seasonal HTT between years × sites ranged from 5.1 to 725.3 °C h−1 year−1. Blast risk started after accumulating HTT of 33.6, 66.8, and 75.6 °C h−1 from 1 June until rice emergence (EM) and after accumulating HTT of 12.5, 55.3, and 121.8 °C h−1 after EM for susceptible, medium‐resistant, and resistant rice cultivars, respectively. Our results strongly suggest that it is possible to improve fungicide management using the HTT approach over the calendar‐based approach, once we were able to discriminate the cultivar and year influence, the two most important factors on rice blast epidemics in southern Brazil.
Axisymmetric radiation intensity model for annular reactors
Authors: Deng Baoqing , Peng Shijian , Ye Kaiyang , Zhao Bensheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCylindrical lamps are usually equipped in the tubular UV reactor to offer UV radiation. This paper describes the axisymmetric characteristics of UV radiation from the cylindrical UV lamp. Axisymmetric lamp emission models are developed in a two‐dimensional axisymmetric space for the line source, the superficial source and the volumetric source. The present axisymmetric lamp emission models are easy to understand and of simple mathematical expressions. The experimental data in literature is used to validate the present axisymmetric lamp emission models. Good agreements have been obtained between the experimental data and the computations. A comparison show that the present models obtain the identical results as previous models.
Gelatin‐pyrolyzed mesoporous N‐doped carbon supported Pd as high‐performance catalysts for aqueous Heck reactions
Authors: Yang Shuai , Chen Yuli , Huang Shuaijian , Deng Lu , Wu Yuanyuan , Zheng Xiu , Omonov Shakhzodjon , Zeng Minfeng 
Published: May 2021

Nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon‐supported Pd (Pd@N‐C) catalysts were prepared by pyrolyzing gelatin/templates/PdCl2 hydrogels under N2 atmosphere at 800°C. Using poly (ethylene glycol) block poly (propylene glycol) block poly (ethylene glycol) (P123) as soft template and/or colloidal SiO2 as hard templates can significantly improve the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area, porous structure, and pore volumes of the resultant Pd@N‐C catalysts. Pd nanoparticles sized from 10–20 nm can be well immobilized on the mesoporous carbon matrix by one‐pot carbonization (OC) and/or solution impregnation (SI) process. The resultant Pd@N‐C catalysts with best physical properties was found in the case of Pd@N‐C‐SiO2‐OC (1/1), exhibiting high BET surface area of 695.2 m2/g, large pore volume of 1.05 cm3/g, high mesoporous centered at 3.7 and 9.1 nm, rich N content of 7.7%, and high thermal stability with beginning decomposition temperature above 500°C. It showed excellent activities for aqueous Heck coupling reactions of aromatic iodides and butyl acrylates and can be recycled for at least eight times with yield still higher than 80%. This work might facilitate a versatile platform for green and functional utilization of nature‐rich biopolymer of gelatin.
Temperature and nutrient coupled stress on microalgal neutral lipids for low‐carbon fuels production
Authors: Anandraj Akash , White Sarah , Bwapwa Joseph K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA freshwater Chlorella sp. was cultured at temperatures from 10 to 45 °C and synergistic stress was employed by using selective and complete nutrient depleted growth media. Temperature fluctuations were found to have a significant effect on the microalgae physiology. The optimum temperature of 35 °C shows suitability for growth in a sub‐tropical climate. The fatty acid methyl esters’ (FAMEs') composition was significantly altered when cultures were incubated under various pre‐determined stress conditions. The effect of dual stress was found to have the greatest increase in the lipid yield, averaging 55% (w/w). The majority of the identified FAMEs (C16 and C18) showed the potential for quality biodiesel and aviation fuel due to the characteristics of FAME. This study is relevant for commercial‐scale biodiesel production and the technologies developed would improve the economic feasibility and potential of microalgal biomass feedstock for biodiesel production by transesterification. There is also high potential for low‐carbon jet fuel by thermal cracking or pyrolysis and fractionation of crude‐bio‐oil from Chlorella sp. These processes will convert carbon chains or FAMES in the C14 to C16 range, which is appropriate for low‐carbon jet fuel. It is therefore possible to generate biodiesel and aviation fuel from Chlorella sp. cultivated in freshwater at achievable temperatures in a sub‐tropical environment under total nutrient deprivation, aiming to stimulate a bio‐oil increase. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Impact of Alkali Cation Identity on the Conversion of HCO3− to CO in Bicarbonate Electrolyzers
Authors: Fink Arthur G. , Lees Eric W. , Zhang Zishuai , Ren Shaoxuan , Delima Roxanna S. , Berlinguette Curtis P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe reduction of CO2 to CO from a bicarbonate feedstock offers an opportunity to directly use aqueous carbon capture solutions, while bypassing ex‐situ energy‐intensive gaseous CO2 regeneration. In this study, we resolved how the electrolyte cation identity (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+) affects the two reactions that make bicarbonate electrolysis possible: (i) the production of in‐situ CO2 formed through reaction of HCO3− (from the catholyte) with H+ (sourced from the membrane); and (ii) the electroreduction of CO2 into CO. Our results show that cation identity does not change the rate of in‐situ CO2 formation, but it does enhance the rate of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Electrolysis experiments performed with a constant [HCO3−] showed that CO selectivities progressively increased for the series Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+, respectively. Optimization of the electrolyte composition yielded a CO selectivity of ∼80 % during electrolysis of 1.5 M CsHCO3 solutions at 100 mA cm−2, while saturated LiHCO3 solutions (0.84 M) yielded CO selectivities values of merely 30 % at the same current density. This study demonstrates a quantitative relationship between CO product selectivity and the cation radius, which provides a pathway to integrate bicarbonate electrolysis to carbon capture.
Thick free‐standing electrode based on carbon–carbon nitride microspheres with large mesopores for high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Kang Hui‐Ju , Lee Tae‐Gyu , Kim Heejin , Park Jae‐Woo , Hwang Hyun Jin , Hwang Hyeonseok , Jang Kwang‐Suk , Kim Hae Jin , Huh Yun Suk , Im Won Bin , Jun Young‐Si 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe development of sulfur cathodes with high areal capacity and high energy density is crucial for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). LSBs can be built by employing (ultra) high‐loading sulfur cathodes, which have rarely been realized due to massive passivation and shuttling. Herein, microspheres of a carbon–carbon nitride composite (C@CN) with large mesopores are fabricated via molecular cooperative assembly. Using the C@CN‐based electrodes, the effects of the large mesopores and N‐functional groups on the electrochemical behavior of sulfur in LSB cells are thoroughly investigated under ultrahigh sulfur‐loading conditions (>15 mgS cm−2). Furthermore, for high‐energy‐density LSBs, the C@CN powders are pelletized into a thick free‐standing electrode (thickness: 500 μm; diameter: 11 mm) via a simple briquette process; here, the total amount of energy stored by the LSB cells is 39 mWh, corresponding to a volumetric energy density of 440 Wh L−1 with an areal capacity of 24.9 and 17.5 mAh cm−2 at 0.47 and 4.7 mA cm−2, respectively (at 24 mgS cm−2). These results have significantly surpassed most recent records due to the synergy among the large mesopores, (poly)sulfide‐philic surfaces, and thick electrodes. The developed strategy with its potential for scale‐up successfully fills the gap between laboratory‐scale cells and practical cells without sacrificing the high areal capacity and high energy density, providing a solid foundation for the development of practical LSBs.
Bacteriophage‐Templated Assembly of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Actuation Potential
Authors: Olszewska‐Widdrat Agata , Bennet Mathieu , Mickoleit Frank , Widdrat Marc , Tarabout Christophe , Reichel Victoria , Arndt Katja , Schüler Dirk , Faivre Damien 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMagnetic chains are of fundamental and technological interest. However, 1D assemblies of magnetic nanoparticles are only metastable such that their controlled organization requires the use of templates. Bacteriophages are human‐inoffensive viruses with a filamentous morphology that have been shown to exhibit great potential in materials research. Here, we thus utilized the M13 phage as a model for the formation of actuated magnetite nanoparticle superstructures. First, we built a sperm‐like ensemble by covalently attaching magnetic nanoparticles to the head of the phage. Second, chain‐like assemblies are obtained based on the electrostatic interactions between positively‐charged magnetite nanoparticles attached to the negatively‐charged phage surface. The nanoparticles‐phages assembly is steered by external magnetic fields. We anticipate such materials can find applications in nanotechnology or nanomedicine.