bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regionalization of Hydroclimate Variables
Authors: Carbone Gregory J. , Gao Peng , Lu Junyu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We apply a regionalization method to hydroclimate variables using the Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation database. Resulting regions make intuitive sense from the perspective of driving influences on temperature and precipitation averages and anomalies, and are compatible with results from another empirically derived clustering scheme. Regions selected for individual variables show high similarity across different time frames. There is slightly less similarity when comparing regions created for different monthly or daily hydroclimate variables, and relatively low similarity between monthly vs. daily measures. It is unlikely that any one regionalization solution could summarize hydroclimate extremes given the wide range of variables used to describe them, but geographically sensitive datasets like PRISM and flexible algorithms provide useful methods for regionalization that can aid in drought monitoring and forecasting, and with impacts and planning associated with heavy precipitation.
GC-MS Analysis of the Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils From Five Species of Lamiaceae in Iran
Authors: ghavam mansureh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) separated from Lamiaceae species attract more attention due to their abundant use in the preservation of natural foods and pharmaceutics and have gained considerable interester in research and industrial. The aim of this study was to evaluate composition and antimicrobial activity of EOs obtained from five species Lamiaceae in Iran. After extraction of EOs by Clevenger, their composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that the effects of species, on yield and predominant compounds amount of EOs of five species were significant with a probability of error of 1 %. The yield of oils were varied from ~ 0.02 to ~ 1.88%. About 66 components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the dominant compounds were included thymol (67.71%), oleic acid (0.49–62.09%), (-)-caryophyllene oxide (0.41–24.81%), α-pinene (1.09–19.41%), 1,8-cineole (0.22–15.40%), palmitic acid (0.32–13.28%), (+)spathulenol (11.16%), and germacrene D (0.30-10.26%) in different species. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the inhibition zone obtained treating the different microorganisms with the essential oil of five species (P ≤ 0.01). The highest inhibition zone belonged to TDEO (39.33 ± 0.58 and 25.00 ± 0.00 mm) against Gram-positive S. aureus and A. brasiliensis. The Gram-negative P. aeruginosa showed the lowest inhibitory resistance to HIEO, SIEO, and ROEO (with a MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL), which was very significant compared to rifampin. Therefore, EOs of five species have potential applications in the control of various bacteria and fungi and can be a natural alternative to some antibiotics.
Echocardiographic Findings and Associated Factors in HIV Infected Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Woldeyes Esubalew , Mulatu Hailu Abera , Ephrem Abiy , Benti Henok , Alem Mehari Wale , Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim , Fisseha Henok 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases are becoming an important part of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care. Echocardiography is a useful non-invasive tool to assess for cardiac disease and different echocardiographic abnormalities have been seen previously. Available evidence on the echocardiographic abnormalities in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the echocardiographic abnormalities in HIV infected patients and factors associated with the findings.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 285 patients with HIV infection including collection of clinical and echocardiographic data. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between echocardiographic abnormalities and associated factors with variables with a p-value of < 0.05 in the multivariate model considered statistically significant.Results: Diastolic dysfunction was the most common abnormality seen in 30.1% of the participants followed by regional wall motion abnormality (22.2%), left ventricular hypertrophy (10.3%), enlarged left atrium (8.1%), pulmonary hypertension (3.5%) and pericardial effusion (2.1%). Almost all patients had normal left ventricle systolic function. Diastolic dysfunction was independently associated with increasing age, elevated blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy while regional wall motion abnormality was associated with male gender, increasing age and abnormal fasting blood glucose. Left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with increasing age and blood pressure and the later was associated with left atrial enlargement. The level of immunosuppression did not affect echocardiography findings. Conclusions: A high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities was found and included diastolic dysfunction, regional wall motion abnormality, left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement. Male gender, age above 50 years, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose were associated with echocardiographic abnormalities. Appropriate screening and treatment of echocardiographic abnormalities is needed.
Texture Analysis Based on Pi-Rads 4/5-Scored MRI Images Combined with Machine Learning to Distinguish Benign Lesions from Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ma Lu , Zhou Qi , Yin Huming , Ang Xiaojie , Li Yu , Xie Gansheng , Li Gang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: To extract the texture features of ﻿Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) images in Mp-MRI and build a machine learning model based on radiomics texture analysis to determine its ability to distinguish benign from prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using PI-RADS 4/5 score.Materials and methods: First, use ImageJ software to obtain texture feature parameters based on ADC images; use R language to standardize texture feature parameters, and use Lasso regression to reduce the dimensionality of multiple feature parameters; then, use the feature parameters after dimensionality reduction to construct image-based groups. Learn R-Logistic, R-SVM, R-AdaBoost to identify the machine learning classification model of prostate benign and malignant nodules. Secondly, the clinical indicators of the patients were statistically analyzed, and the three clinical indicators with the largest AUC values were selected to establish a classification model based on clinical indicators of benign and malignant prostate nodules. Finally, compare the performance of the model based on radiomics texture features and clinical indicators to identify benign and malignant prostate nodules in PI-RADS 4/5.Results: The experimental results show that the AUC of the R-Logistic model test set is 0.838, which is higher than the R-SVM and R-AdaBoost classification models. At this time, the corresponding R-Logistic classification model formula is: Y_radiomics=9.396-7.464*median ADC-0.584 *kurtosis+0.627*skewness+0.576*MRI lesions volume; analysis of clinical indicators shows that the 3 indicators with the highest discrimination efficiency are PSA, Fib, LDL-C, and the corresponding C-Logistic classification model formula is: Y_clinical =-2.608 +0.324*PSA-3.045*Fib+4.147*LDL-C, the AUC value of the model training set is 0.860, which is smaller than the training set R-Logistic classification model AUC value of 0.936.Conclusion: The machine learning classifier model is established based on the texture features of radiomics. It has a good classification performance in identifying benign and malignant nodules of the prostate in PI-RADS 4/5. This has certain potential and clinical value for patients with prostate cancer to adopt different treatment methods and prognosis.
Health Care Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care: an Evidence Based Guideline
Authors: Pape Lars , Ernst Gundula 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeFor consistent quality of treatment of young people with chronic health care needs, a structured transition from pediatric medicine to adult medical care is essential. Currently, most countries have no guidelines on health care transition (HCT) based on systematic evidence research. To close this gap guidance to support the transition was developed in Germany.MethodsTwenty-five experts in the management of adolescents and young adults with different chronic conditions were invited to take part in the guideline group. Based on a systematic literature search recommendations for transition were drafted. Where evidence was lacking, recommendations were developed using collective expert consensus. The consensus process was independently moderated using a Delphi approach. The final draft was reviewed and endorsed by all major German medical societies.ResultsThe clinical recommendations provide guidance for all chronic somatic diseases. After assessment of transition readiness, an individualized plan for transition should be drawn up. Key elements here are a responsible coordinator, age-adapted patient education, involvement of parents, web-based interventions, joint visits and a structured summary for the receiving physician. The aim is the gradual transfer of responsibility for disease management to the young person themselves.ConclusionAs only a few randomized controlled studies on HCT are available, evidence-based statements are possible for some but not all areas of transition. However, this guideline may help to develop globally accepted standards. These standards should be established, implemented and financed by individual national health systems to allow appropriate support for young people.
Investigation On The Optimal Tunable Bi-Stable Clustered Energy Conversion Inspired Dynamic Vibration Absorbers: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Huang Xingbao , Zhang Xiao , Yang Bintang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an energy conversion inspired vibration control methodology and presents a representative prototype of tunable bi-stable energy converters. This work is concerned on improving the vibration absorption and energy conversion performance of tunable bi-stable clustered energy conversion inspired dynamic vibration absorbers (EC-DVAs). The deterministic parametric analysis of the energy transfer performance of clustered EC-DVAs is conducted. Firstly, nonlinear vibration behaviors including transient energy transfer and snap-through motions are studied, and then effects of EC-DVA number on vibration control is investigated. Furthermore, the optimal computation based on adjusting the length ratio (namely bi-stable potential barrier height) is developed to obtain the maximum energy conversion efficiency of clustered EC-DVAs and the minimum residual kinetic energy of the primary system considering different number of clustered EC-DVAs. Moreover, the optimal calculation based on optimal EC-DVA number is also developed to achieve the most excellent vibration absorption and energy conversion performance. Finally, the optimal calculation based on optimal mass ratio is conducted. Numerical simulations show that when the total mass ratio is constant the snap-through motions of each EC-DVA depend remarkably on EC-DVA number; the energy conversion efficiency and residual kinetic energy after dynamic length ratio optimization is independent on ambient input energy and EC-DVA number; The energy conversion efficiency and vibration absorption performance based on optimal EC-DVA number maintain high efficiency and stable when the ambient input energy or the potential energy of clustered EC-DVAs varies. The optimal mass ratio is large when the system’s potential barrier is too large and the ambient input energy is small. Therefore, the presented tunable bi-stable system of clustered EC-DVAs with appropriate bi-stable potential function and proposed optimization strategies is a potential alternative for vibration control of mechanical components exposed to varying impulses.
Cu1.94S Nanocrystal Superstructure for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Lian , Liu Jin , Wang Liguang , Dai Alvin , Jin Huile , Chao Hsiu-Yi , Jiang Long , Wu Tianpin , Qiao Zheng-Ping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ordered nonstoichiometric Cu1.94S nano superstructure are constructed and provide notably improved catalytic H2 evolution reaction performance at 2482.00 µmol g‒1 h‒1. Careful selection of metal organic framework precursors with long range metal ion alignments impact performance, as well-ordered superstructures give rise to uniform electromagnetic fields and organized interparticle interactions that facilitate charge carrier transport. These close packed nanoparticles with negatively charged carboxylate surfaces inhibit large [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 and triethanolamine transport outwards, but allow smaller H2O particles to enter superstructure interiors. In this case, separation happens not only between electrons and holes but also between reduction and oxidation zones. Abundant dangling bonds also form from the complex nonstoichiometric Cu1.94S structure and bulk aggregation of close packed Cu1.94S, up to hundreds of nanometers, provides abundant catalytic active sites.
Numerical Optimisation of The Diffuser In a Typical Turbocharger Compressor Using The Adjoint Method.
Authors: Hazizi Kristaq , Ramezanpour Ahad , Costall Aaron 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the automotive industry, the demand for fuel economy and emission reduction has led to the downsizing of engines and turbochargers play a leading role in compensating for the performance loss. In complex flow modelling of the compressor, effective determination of the mesh resolution is not a priori due to variation of local flow and turbulence variables. In this study, the compressible flow of a centrifugal turbocharger compressor was numerically modelled. The accuracy of the models is discussed with respect to boundary layer adaptivity for the k-w SST turbulence model. The numerical models are investigated and verified against pick efficiency, extracted experimental points at 150,000 (rpm), along with other points of partial load at 80,000 (rpm) speed lines. The TD025-05T4 compressor of the 1.2 Litre engine Renault Megane passenger car was designed, constructed and provided experimental data (compressor map) by Mitsubishi Turbocharger and Engine Europe (MTEE). In addition, a numerical and mathematical study has been developed on the aerodynamic optimisation of the turbocharger compressor diffuser geometry. The optimisation of the single-target problem (efficiency) of the axial flow compressor outlet stage is carried out using a new smart evolutionary optimisation technique named adjoint solver. The Adjoint solver usually produces a surface vector field that shows how and where the geometry can be changed for optimisation based on a defined objective, efficiency in this study. Such irregular and non-parametric changes could be manufactured using recent advances in 3D printing technology.The expected result of optimisation of the diffuser geometry started with the design point, central area, 150,000 (rpm) speed line, shows a gradual development of efficiency to an uttermost of 2.5% and the process of optimisation has been enlarged and completed on all design operating areas selected previously. The development of an optimised geometry diffuser accomplishes a wider operating range, high efficiency and robust performance due to changes in engine operating conditions in the high-pressure area. Therefore, the optimal diffuser geometry leads to an impact on the engine’s efficiency and overall performance of a passenger car for real-world drive cycles, increasing power output and improving thermal efficiency.
Car-Car Analogy on Neural Network Science
Authors: Hsu Weichi , Liu Zi-Chia , Liu Yu-Xian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a commonly used conceptual tool which is the "car analogy" to integrate many of the neural network science concepts. The purpose of this article is to show that using this car-car analogy allows us to have a unified framework for the entire discipline. We use this understanding framework to present the phenomena of "emergence" and "self-organization" in complex systems approaches toward neural network science. Meanwhile, we point out the reasons why the nervous system cannot be fully described from the network structure alone, and provide a potential candidate for a well-understood framework. The mathematical description is also discussed as a supplementary material.
Impact of Serum Albumin Concentration and Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio Score on Gastric Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Costa T. , Nogueiro J. , Ribeiro D. , Viegas P. , Santos-Sousa H. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction/AimSerum albumin concentration (COA) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could reflect immunological and nutritional status. We aim to evaluate the impact of COA-NLR score on the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Material and methodsWe perform a retrospective analysis on a database of 637 GC cases, between January 2010 and December 2017. In 396 patients the inclusion criteria for this study were met (non-resectional or palliative surgery were excluded). Analytic data was only available in 203 patients. COA-NLR score was defined as: COA under 35 g/L and NLR value of 2.585 or higher – score 2; one of these conditions – score 1; and neither – score 0. ResultsIn our population (n=203), 87 patients were classified as score 0, 82 as score 1 and 34 as score 2. COA-NLR score was significantly associated with DFS [HR 1,674; CI95% 1,115 – 2,513; p=0,013) and with OS [HR 2,072; CI95% 1,531 – 2,805; p<0,001]. Kaplan-Meier curves analysis (log-rank test) revealed that a higher score of COA-NLR predicted a worse OS (p<0,001) and DFS (p=0,03). COA-NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS when adjusted to pStage and age [adjusted HR 1,566; CI95% 1,145 – 2,143; p=0,005]. Conclusions﻿Preoperative COA-NLR score was significantly associated with worse OS and DFS and, in this way, with worse prognosis on GC patients submitted to curative-intent resectional surgery.
Reasons Not to Discuss and Challenges of Parent-young Communication and Associated Factors on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Parents and Students in North Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021, Mixed Qualitative Study
Authors: Wondimhunegn Yohannes Wobie , Tegegne Alemnew Wale , Gidafie Aychew Kassie , Mamo Desalegn Girma , Zewdu Abinet Abebe , Mengie Zinie Abita , Zelalem Bezie Kebede 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionParent - young communication on sexual and reproductive health is one potential source of sexual and reproductive health information for young people. Lack of parent - young people communication was a serious problem in developing countries that resulted in emotional distress, lower self-esteem, school problems, drug use, and sexual risk behaviors. Assessing the the reasons and challenges of parents to young people communication about a sexual and reproductive health issue is the most effective way to prevent preexisting misbehavior in young people. ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess reason not to discuss and challenges of parent-young communication, and associated factors on sexual and reproductive health among parent living with young in North Gondar zone, northwest Ethiopia 2021. MethodsA Community based cross-sectional mixed qualitative study was conducted on 1000 parents of youngs for quantitative and 2FGD and 25 in-depth interviews were included with a diversity of parents and students. Data were collected using a pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews, FGD, and in-depth interviews. A bivariate and a multivariable logistics regression model was fitted for the quantitative part and individual in-depth interview and focus group discussion will be tape-recorded after verbal consent will be granted and finally translated and transcribed by the data collectors. Thematic analysis will be used to analyze the qualitative data based on emerging themes and sub-themes in line with the study objectives. ResultAccording to this study parent to young communication was found to be11.4 %( 95% CI:9.5,13). Multivariable analysis revealed that, residence (AOR=2.1 95%CI 1.15,9.34), sex (AOR=2.4,95% CI2.11,4.33), knowledge (AOR =3.8, 95% CI2.7,6.34),attitude(AOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.44,4.32) Father’s educational status (AOR=4.3, 95%CI 1.8, 4.56), mother educational status (AOR=2.4,95% CI 1.23, 4.12) number of children (AOR=3,95% CI 2.6,4.74) and age (AOR=3.22,95%CI 2.8, 4.9) were statistically significant associated factors on parent to young people communication.Conclusion and recommendationparent to young communication was low in this study as compared to other studies done in different pockets of Ethiopia. Successively, promotion of parent to young people communication and addressing the importance of parent to young people communication to all parents along with HEW was recommended
Using AGREE II Reporting Checklist to Evaluate the Quality of Tuina Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Huang Fan , Zhang Yue , Huang Chuyu , Qiu Mingwang , Zhao Siyi , Liang Junquan , Guo Rusong , Tian Qiang , Fan Zhiyong , Wu Shan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the methodological quality of Tuina clinical practice guidelines. Methods Computer searches of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were conducted to search for published guidelines on Tuina, with a search time frame from database creation to March 2021. Four evaluators independently used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument to evaluate the quality of the included guidelines.Results Eight guidelines related to Tuina were included in this study. The quality of reporting was low in all included guidelines. The highest quality report had a total score of 404 and was rated as "highly recommended". The worst guideline had a final score of 241 and was rated as "not recommended". Overall, 25% of the included guidelines were recommended for clinical use, 37.5% were recommended after revision, and 37.5% were not recommended for use.Conclusion The number of existing Tuina clinical practice guidelines is limited. The methodological quality is low, far from the internationally accepted norms of clinical practice guideline development and reporting. In the future development of Tuina guidelines, emphasis should be placed on the reporting specifications of guidelines and the methodology of guideline development, including the rigor of the guideline development process, the clarity, application, and independence of reporting, to improve the quality and applicability of clinical practice guidelines, to guide and standardize the clinical practice of Tuina.