bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving services in a hybrid academic library system
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A. , Ola Christopher Olumuyiwa , Adeniran Ezekiel Adelere 
Published: November 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to describe a hybrid academic library system and to draw up a model of this system suggesting strategies and scenarios for achieving optimum performance of the system in a technology changing world.

Design/methodology/approach
The mixture of traditional or manual ways of carrying out library operations with new, modern, automated systems often brings about several problems. The problems are ones that can be tackled within the framework of having appropriate systems dynamics routines applied and also making use of personnel skilled in strategic management of hybrid library systems.

Findings
A system dynamics model for the management of the system is developed around the issues of personnel management, collection management, capacity building and provision of access to research materials, information technology infrastructure, forming of consortia and security in the system.

Originality/value
Recommendations are made as to which strategy/scenario or combinations of scenarios will provide lasting solutions to the problems recurring or likely to reoccur in a hybrid academic library system.
Update on trichoscopy: Integration of the terminology by systematic approach and a proposal of a diagnostic flowchart
Authors: Kinoshita‐Ise Misaki , Sachdeva Muskaan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrichoscopy represents a non‐invasive diagnostic modality widely used in daily practice. Despite the common perception that this technique has been fairly established, some key issues remain to be addressed. Complexity and inconsistency in terminology in past literature are likely to confuse investigators when they are recording, reporting, and retrieving the findings. In addition, a diagnostic algorithm adopting sufficiently integrated and updated findings is not readily available. By adopting a systematic review approach, this review attempted to redefine major trichoscopic findings and integrate their synonyms individually into the most frequently used terms besides identifying and discussing terms which potentially cause confusion. The findings are categorized into five subgroups: hair shaft, follicular, perifollicular, scalp findings, and hair distribution pattern abnormalities. The calculation of sensitivities and positive predictive values of such redefined findings was conducted by reviewing the descriptions in the past literature on major hair diseases, including alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia/female pattern hair loss, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, folliculitis decalvans, tinea capitis, and dissecting cellulitis, to confirm the diagnostically meaningful findings for representative diseases. This attempt redefined, for instance, yellow dots, short vellus hairs, exclamation mark hairs, black dots, and broken hairs as the findings of diagnostic significance for alopecia areata and hair diameter diversity, peripilar sign, and focal atrichia for androgenetic alopecia/female pattern hair loss. An updated diagnostic flowchart is proposed with the instructions to maximize its usefulness. Current limitations and future perspectives of trichoscopy as well as other emerging non‐invasive diagnostic modalities for hair diseases are also discussed.
Root traits reveal safety and efficiency differences in grasses and shrubs exposed to different fire regimes
Authors: O'Keefe Kimberly , Bachle Seton , Keen Rachel , Tooley E. Greg , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRoots are key components of terrestrial ecosystems, yet little is known about how root structure and function vary across a broad range of species, functional groups and ecological gradients in situ.We assessed how woody and grass root anatomical traits vary among soil depths and different fire frequencies to better understand the water‐use strategies exhibited by these two functional groups in tallgrass prairie experiencing woody encroachment. Specifically, we asked: (a) Do root anatomical traits differ with fire frequency or soil depth?; (b) Do relationships between anatomical traits that confer hydraulic safety versus efficiency vary by fire frequency or soil depth?; (c) Is root anatomy associated with integrative root traits (e.g. root diameter, specific root length (SRL) and root biomass)?; and (d) When scaled by root biomass, do root water‐use traits impact the capacity for water uptake?We collected grass and woody roots from 10, 30 and 50 cm deep soil in areas burned every 1, 4 and 20 years. We then measured xylem conduit diameter, conduit cell wall thickness, conduit number, conduit mechanical safety (t/b), stele area, endoderm thickness, hydraulic diameter, theoretical hydraulic conductivity and root‐system theoretical hydraulic conductance.We observed: (a) Woody roots had high hydraulic conductance in shallow soils and greater mechanical strength in deeper soils, which may provide a competitive advantage in less frequently burned, more diverse plant communities; (b) shallow grass roots had unique trait combinations at the anatomical and root‐system levels (thinner, more numerous conduits and higher root‐system hydraulic conductance compared to deeper roots) that likely allow these plants to rapidly use water but tolerate dry soils under multiple fire regimes; and (c) hydraulic safety versus efficiency trade‐offs translate between different hierarchical scales (i.e. from anatomical to integrative root traits).These results provide anatomical evidence to explain water‐use dynamics in tallgrass prairie and also provide novel insight regarding functional strategies that may facilitate the conversion from grassland to shrubland in less frequently burned tallgrass prairie. Future work should investigate these dynamics in situ, as they may explain current and future patterns of woody‐grass coexistence in tallgrass prairies.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Subtidal benthic communities in Minamata Bay, Japan, approximately 30 years after mercury pollution remediation involving dredging disturbance
Authors: Yoshino Kenji , Yamada Katsumasa , Tanaka Masaatsu , Tada Yuya , Kanaya Gen , Henmi Yasuhisa , Yamamoto Megumi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApproximately 30 years after mercury pollution remediation finished in Minamata Bay, we report here the present state of the subtidal benthic communities in Minamata Bay. The benthos was sampled at stations in Minamata Bay five times between July 2018 and 2019, capturing seasonal variations. Sediment characteristics were relatively stable across seasons. Sediments contained >80% silt–clay and had total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and residual total Hg content (THg) approximately 20 mg/g, 2.0 mg/g, and 2.5 mg/kg (dry‐weight basis), respectively, with a C/N ratio of ~11. THg was positively correlated with TOC, whereas TOC was negatively correlated with the C/N ratio, suggesting that TOC is a proxy for sediment microalgal matter (i.e., settling phytoplankton and/or microphytobenthos), a potential food for macrobenthos. Macrobenthos abundance was very low (approximately 100 individuals/m2) and the maximum effective number of species was three in all seasons. We detected effects of THg on species richness and composition of the community, but not on total macrobenthos abundance, biomass, species diversity, or relative species abundance. The TOC gradient was significantly related to both species composition and relative abundance of the community. However, the total variation explained by both TOC and THg for community composition was low (10% at most). These results suggests that other environmental factors, such as the alteration of hydrodynamic and physicochemical regimes caused by the reclamation for pollution mitigation, may also have had a long‐lasting effect on community assembly and the present poor macrofauna levels in Minamata Bay.
The tetrameric assembly of 2‐aminomuconic 6‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase is a functional requirement of cofactor NAD+ binding
Authors: Shi Qiuli , Chen Yanjuan , Li Xinxin , Dong Hui , Chen Cheng , Zhong Zhihui , Yang Cheng , Liu Guangfeng , Su Dan 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe bacterium Pseudomonas sp. AP‐3 is able to use the environmental pollutant 2‐aminophenol as its sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Eight genes (amnA, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H) encoding 2‐aminophenol metabolizing enzymes are clustered into a single operon. 2‐Aminomuconic 6‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AmnC), a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily, is responsible for oxidizing 2‐aminomuconic 6‐semialdehyde to 2‐aminomuconate. In contrast to many other members of the ALDH superfamily, the structural basis of the catalytic activity of AmnC remains elusive. Here, we present the crystal structure of AmnC, which displays a homotetrameric quaternary assembly that is directly involved in its enzymatic activity. The tetrameric state of AmnC in solution was also presented using small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The tetramerization of AmnC is mediated by the assembly of a protruding hydrophobic beta‐strand motif and residues V121 and S123 located in the NAD+‐binding domain of each subunit. Dimeric mutants of AmnC dramatically lose NAD+ binding affinity and failed to oxidize the substrate analogue 2‐hydroxymuconate‐6‐semialdehyde to α‐hydroxymuconic acid, indicating that tetrameric assembly of AmnC is functional requirement.
Hospital resource allocation decisions when market prices exceed Medicare prices
Authors: Wang Yang , Anderson Gerard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine nonprofit hospitals' financial and spending allocations when the private sector payment rate is higher than the Medicare's payment rate.Data SourcesHospital financial data for 2014–2018 from Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Cost Reports, hospital characteristics from the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey.Study DesignHospital and year level fixed effects regressions modeling each hospital's (1) operating net income per discharge equivalent (DE); (2) administrative cost per DE; (3) patient care cost per DE; (4) registered nurse per bed; charity care cost per DE; and (5) provision of unprofitable services as a function of the private sector to Medicare payment ratio (PMR).Data Collection/Extraction MethodsHospital/year‐level data from hospital cost reports merged with AHA data. Samples included general short‐term hospitals with nonprofit ownership, excluding critical access hospitals.Principal FindingsThe final sample included a total of 8862 hospital‐year observations, with a mean PMR of 1.62. Nonprofit hospitals having a 0.1 higher PMR were associated with $257 (95% CI: $181–$334) increase in operating net income per DE; $66 (95% CI: $32–$99) increase in administrative cost per DE; $170 (95% CI: $120–$220) increase in patient care cost per DE; and $18 (95% CI: $10–$25) increase in charity care cost per DE. We found hospitals hired 0.86 (95% CI: −0.08 to 1.81) more registered nurses per 100 beds, but no evidence on providing more beds for unprofitable services, such as obstetric care, burn care, alcohol/drug abuse treatment, or psychiatric care.ConclusionsHigher private sector prices led primarily to greater surplus and administrative cost for nonprofit hospitals and smaller increases in spending on services that will directly benefit patients.
A preliminary study on the distribution of necrophagous flies on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Song Tao , Zhang Peng , Tang Ke , Deng Jianqiang , Li Jianbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo date, there have been no studies on necrophagous fly populations on Hainan Island in China. Thus, we investigated the species composition of necrophagous flies as well as their geographic distribution on Hainan Island for the first time. Ten sites in different climatic regions across the island were sampled for 7 days per location from November 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019 and from July 1, 2019 to October 31, 2019. Bottle traps made of 1.5 L soft plastic bottles were used to trap necrophagous flies. The collected individuals were identified to species. The specimens represented 5 families and 28 species. Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) was the most dominant species, followed by Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart, 1843), Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann, 1830), Boettcherisca peregrine (Robineau‐Desvoidy, 1830), Parasarcophaga dux (Thomson, 1868), Parasarcophaga misera (Walker, 1849), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp, 1883), and Ophyra chalcogaster (Wiedemann, 1924). The largest collection of flies was obtained in the semiarid region. Species richness was highest in the subhumid region and was higher in summer than in winter, but there were exceptions, such as L. hainanensis (Fan,1965), Boettcherisca formosensis (Lopes, 1961), and Muscina stabulans (Fallen, 1817). Fannia pusio (Wiedemann, 1830), and Boettcherisca formosensis (Lopes, 1961) were newly recorded species on Hainan Island. Of the necrophagous flies collected during the study, we propose several predominant species based on the criteria of distribution, occurrence frequency, and resource preference. Our results not only investigate necrophagous flies on Hainan Island but also accumulate data for criminal investigations in the region.
Syndromic surveillance to detect disease outbreaks using time between emergency department presentations
Authors: Boyle Justin , Sparks Ross 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveEarly warning of disease outbreaks is paramount for health jurisdictions. The objective of the present study was to develop syndromic surveillance monitoring plans from routinely collected ED data with application to detecting disease outbreaks.MethodsThe study involved secondary data analysis of ED presentations to major public hospitals in Queensland and South Australia spanning 2017–2020. Monitoring plans were developed for all major Queensland and South Australian public hospitals using an adaptation of Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages – a process control method used in detecting anomalies in industrial production processes. The methods rely on setting a threshold (control limit) relating to the time between an event of interest (e.g. flu outbreak) using ED presentations as a signal to monitor. An outbreak is flagged as this time gets significantly smaller, and each event offers a decision point on whether an outbreak has occurred. The models incorporate differing levels of temporal memory to cover outbreaks of different sizes.ResultsThe novel approach to real‐time outbreak detection indicates outbreaks for individual hospitals coinciding with the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Queensland and South Australia as well as the large 2017 and 2019 influenza seasons.ConclusionOutbreak detection models demonstrate the ability to quickly flag an outbreak based on clinician‐assigned ED diagnoses. An implemented syndromic surveillance approach can pick up geographic outbreaks quickly so they can be contained. Such capability can help with surveillance related to the current COVID‐19 pandemic and potential future pandemics.
Banishing justice: Extradition limits in the United States
Authors: Bierie David M. , Budd Kristen M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractArrest warrants are an important and pervasive aspect of crime and justice in the United States. There are nearly three million arrest warrants active on any given day, of which several hundred thousand were issued for serious violent crimes (SVCs) such as aggravated assault, robbery, forcible sexual assault, and homicide. In more than a third of those SVC warrants, however, extradition is conditionally waived such that an offender can avoid arrest by leaving town; they can elect banishment over prosecution. Studying extradition limits among these serious offenses presents an opportunity to illuminate both a challenge to public safety and justice, as well as forces underlying discretionary decision making by police. To that end, we study all arrest warrants issued in the United States for SVCs between 2017 and 2019. We model banishment rates at the county‐level within a multivariate negative binomial framework. Analyses showed banishment varied as a function of policing capacity, firearm use in crimes, racial composition, and voting behavior during the 2016 presidential election.
Development and validation of a postnatal risk score that identifies children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Bernes Gemma A. , Courchesne‐Krak Natasia S. , Hyland Matthew T. , Villodas Miguel T. , Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , May Philip A. , Kalberg Wendy O. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Jones Kenneth L. , Riley Edward P. , Mattson Sarah N. ,   the CIFASD
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop an efficient and easily calculable risk score that can be used to identify an individual's risk of having been exposed to alcohol prenatally.MethodsData for this study were collected as part of the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Phases 2 and 3. Two cohorts (ages 5 to 17 years) completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral battery and a standard dysmorphology exam: a development cohort (DC; n = 325) and a comparative cohort (CC; n = 523). Both cohorts included two groups: those with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (AE‐DC, n = 121; AE‐CC, n = 177) and a control group that included subjects with minimal or no prenatal alcohol exposure (CON‐DC, n = 204; CON‐CC, n = 346). Behavioral assessments and physical exam data were combined using regression techniques to derive a risk score indicating the likelihood of prenatal alcohol exposure. Subjects were then divided into two subgroups: (1) low risk and (2) high risk. Chi‐square (χ2) determined classification accuracy and ROC curves were produced to assess the predictive accuracy. Correlations between risk scores and intelligence quotient and executive function scores were calculated.ResultsSubjects were accurately classified in the DC (χ2 = 78.61, p < 0.001) and CC (χ2 = 86.63, p < 0.001). The classification model also performed well in the DC (ROC = 0.835 [SE = 0.024, p < 0.001]) and CC (ROC = 0.786 [SE = 0.021, p < 0.001]). In the AE‐CC and CON‐CC, there were modest but significant associations between the risk score and executive function (AE‐CC: r = −0.20, p = 0.034; CON‐CC: r = −0.28, p < 0.001) and intelligence quotient (AE‐CC: r = −0.20, p = 0.034; CON‐CC: r = −0.28, p < 0.001).Conclusion(s)The risk score significantly distinguished alcohol‐exposed from control subjects and correlated with important cognitive outcomes. It has significant clinical potential and could be easily deployed in clinical settings.
Multimodal MRI data fusion reveals distinct structural, functional and neurochemical correlates of heavy cannabis use
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Schmitgen Mike M. , Werler Florian , Wittemann Miriam , Kubera Katharina M. , Wolf Nadine D. , Sambataro Fabio , Calhoun Vince D. , Reith Wolfgang , Wolf Robert Christian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeavy cannabis use (HCU) is frequently associated with a plethora of cognitive, psychopathological and sensorimotor phenomena. Although HCU is frequent, specific patterns of abnormal brain structure and function underlying HCU in individuals presenting without cannabis‐use disorder or other current and life‐time major mental disorders are unclear at present. This multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study examined resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and structural MRI (sMRI) data from 24 persons with HCU and 16 controls. Parallel independent component analysis (p‐ICA) was used to examine covarying components among grey matter volume (GMV) maps computed from sMRI and intrinsic neural activity (INA), as derived from amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF) maps computed from rs‐fMRI data. Further, we used JuSpace toolbox for cross‐modal correlations between MRI‐based modalities with nuclear imaging derived estimates, to examine specific neurotransmitter system changes underlying HCU. We identified two transmodal components, which significantly differed between the HCU and controls (GMV: p = 0.01, ALFF p = 0.03, respectively). The GMV component comprised predominantly cerebello‐temporo‐thalamic regions, whereas the INA component included fronto‐parietal regions. Across HCU, loading parameters of both components were significantly associated with distinct HCU behavior. Finally, significant associations between GMV and the serotonergic system as well as between INA and the serotonergic, dopaminergic and μ‐opioid receptor system were detected. This study provides novel multimodal neuromechanistic insights into HCU suggesting co‐altered structure/function‐interactions in neural systems subserving cognitive and sensorimotor functions.
Using virtual microscopy for the development of sampling strategies in quantitative histology and design‐based stereology
Authors: Kolinko Yaroslav , Malečková Anna , Kochová Petra , Grajciarová Martina , Blassová Tereza , Kural Tomáš , Trailin Andriy , Červenková Lenka , Havránková Jiřina , Vištejnová Lucie , Tonarová Pavla , Moulisová Vladimíra , Jiřík Miroslav , Zavaďáková Anna , Tichánek Filip , Liška Václav , Králíčková Milena , Witter Kirsti , Tonar Zbyněk 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOnly a fraction of specimens under study are usually selected for quantification in histology. Multilevel sampling or tissue probes, slides and fields of view (FOVs) in the regions of interest (ROIs) are required. In general, all parts of the organs under study should be given the same probability to be taken into account; that is, the sampling should be unbiased on all levels. The objective of our study was to provide an overview of the use of virtual microscopy in the context of developing sampling strategies of FOVs for stereological quantification. We elaborated this idea on 18 examples from multiple fields of histology, including quantification of extracellular matrix and muscle tissue, quantification of organ and tumour microvessels and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, assessing osseointegration of bone implants, healing of intestine anastomoses and osteochondral defects, counting brain neurons, counting nuclei in vitro cell cultures and others. We provided practical implications for the most common situations, such as exhaustive sampling of ROIs, sampling ROIs of different sizes, sampling the same ROIs for multiple histological methods, sampling more ROIs with variable intensities or using various objectives, multistage sampling and virtual sampling. Recommendations were provided for pilot studies on systematic uniform random sampling of FOVs as a part of optimizing the efficiency of histological quantification to prevent over‐ or undersampling. We critically discussed the pros and cons of using virtual sections for sampling FOVs from whole scanned sections. Our review demonstrated that whole slide scans of histological sections facilitate the design of sampling strategies for quantitative histology.