bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control
Authors: Lethe Eric 
Published: August 2021

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation. The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new. This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner.
Salient discussion points will be:
1. Process Examination
2. Material Selection
3. Steps For Successful Implementation
4. Possible Impediments
5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives
It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.
Optimized and Standardized Foundations for Naval Ships
Authors: Harbison M. , Koon W. , Smith V. , Haymon P. , Huang T. D. 
Published: August 2021

As a result of enhanced performance and mission requirements for Navy ships, ship design has dramatically increased the use of higher strength, lightweight steels and various local reinforcements, e.g., deck inserts, ring stiffeners, etc., in foundation designs to satisfy the design requirements for supporting machinery, consoles, and weapon systems among others. In additional to operational loading requirements, most of these foundations must also be designed to satisfy shock, vibration and other combat system requirements. While the same piece of equipment may be used in other ship contracts, the foundations are uniquely designed and require a separate analysis and drawing package. Computer modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have helped reduce the labor required to analyze foundations, but the high number of “unique” foundations as well as changes which necessitate a new analysis still create a large workload for engineers. This is further compounded by increased costs in production due to greater numbers of unique parts and materials that must be marked, stored, and retrieved later for fabrication.
In this paper, we have developed a cost-savings potential of leveraging past foundations work in designing, analyzing, and drawing foundations in the future. The research team was able to estimate that, through a new design process that fully integrates previous foundations work, there is a potential for up to 40% savings on engineering foundations labor and up to 10% savings on production costs of foundations. The team also developed a blank “template” database that can be downloaded and customized to meet each shipyard’s needs for storing and accessing foundation design information.
High genetic diversity and mixing of coastal horseshoe crabs (Tachypleus gigas) across major habitats in Sundaland, Indonesia
Authors: Aini Naila Khuril , Wardiatno Yusli , Effendi Hefni , Mashar Ali , Madduppa Hawis 
Published: August 2021

Species with limited dispersal abilities are often composed of highly genetically structured populations across small geographic ranges. This study aimed to investigate the haplotype diversity and genetic connectivity of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in Indonesia. To achieve this, we collected a total of 91 samples from six main T. gigas habitats: Bintan, Balikpapan, Demak, Madura, Subang, and Ujung Kulon. The samples were amplified using primers for mitochondrial (mt) AT-rich region DNA sequences. The results showed 34 haplotypes, including seven shared and 22 unique haplotypes, across all localities. The pairwise genetic differentiation (FST) values were low (0 to 0.13) and not significantly different (p > 0.05), except among samples from Ujung Kulon-Madura and Kulon-Subang (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 34 analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the most variation within populations (95.23%) compared to less among populations (4.77%). The haplotype network showed evidence of shared haplotypes between populations. Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS test values indicated a population expansion. Our results showed a low level of differentiation, suggesting a single stock and high connectivity. Therefore, a regionally-based conservation strategy is recommended for the coastal horseshoe crab in Indonesia.
Breeding of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) using Different Approaches
Authors: Ed-Idoko J. O. , Solomon S. G. , Annune P. A. , Iber B. T. , Torsabo D. , Christiana O. N. 
Published: August 2021

Thirty-three broodstock of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) obtained from Panyam Fish Farm, plateau state Nigeria was used to evaluate the percentage hatchability of carp through induced natural spawning in outdoor Hapa net system, and induced breeding by stripping in indoor concrete Ponds. Spawning and fertilization was natural for experimental group 1. Ovaprim hormone was used to induce broodstock in experimental group 2 and 3, but unlike experimental group 3, experimental group 2 was not stripped manually, as the induced female broodstock shed her eggs naturally. At the end of the experiment, the mean number of eggs in one gram was found to be (733.33±3.53a) in treatment 3, as compared to that of experimental group 2 (702.00±3.21b) and experimental group 1 (709.33±4.91b), with a significant difference at (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in fecundity (x103) from the three experimental groups. Percentage fertilization was highest in experimental group 2 (94.44±0.40a). Percentage Hatchability was highest in experimental group 3 (94.10±0.85a). Number of post fry in one liter of water at day seven after hatching was found to be highest in experimental group 3 (1896.30±53.40a). In conclusion, the best method of carp propagation for aquaculture is the synchronized propagation through stripping in indoor concrete ponds, which had 94% hatching rate.
Peroxidase, an Example of Enzymes with Numerous Applications
Authors: Chukwudi I. Nnamchi, , Onyetugo C. Amadi , Amarachi I. Nnaji 
Published: August 2021

The enzyme peroxidase is a heme or iron-porphyrin protein that belongs to a large family of enzymes called the oxidoreductases. Their function mainly is to oxidize molecules at the expense of hydrogen peroxide. They are widely distributed in living organisms, and usually show dramatic colour-product formation as a result of their catalytic effect. They generally catalyse many oxygen transfer reactions involving hydrogen peroxide or anyone of the many other peroxides as electron acceptors and substrates. This ability of reducing peroxides at the expense of electron donating substrates is what marks peroxidases as ubiquitous and very important enzymes with many biotechnological applications. Not surprisingly therefore peroxidases play many important roles in different areas of biotechnology. Among others, these include such diverse areas as bioenergy, bioremediation, dye decolorization, humic acid degradation, paper and pulp and textile industries among many others. An important reason for this ability is the different areas from which peroxidases could be sourced as the function of many peroxidases show variations according to its source. This is a character that differentiates peroxidases from many other biological catalysts. Among the many different types of peroxidases are the heme peroxidases which mainly come from plants and fungi and include among others lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases and versatile peroxidases. Some important types of peroxidases from humans and animals are glutathione peroxidase, thyroid peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, salivary peroxidase and thyroid peroxidase.
Study of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Children with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Karaz Mina Fayez Anes , Hamam Sarah Amr , Badraia Ibrahim Mohamed , Hagag Adel Abd El-Haleim 
Published: August 2021

Background: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is described by an immune responding versus the host’s own platelets, in recent years is progressively studied the non-calcemic roles of vitamin-D (VD) that controls immune and inflammation responding.
Aim and objectives: The current work aimed to study VD-level in children with ITP and influence of VD supplementing upon the responding of the thrombopenia to conventional therapy of ITP. Subjects and methods: This study is a cross-sectional observational work which included 30 ITP-children who were attendants to Hematology and Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University Hospitals with ages from 2 to 16-yrs with mean ageing of 6.43 ± 3.75-yrs, for all patients and controls serum-levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured.
Results: A significant change was found among the studied groups in regard to VD-levels with lower values among patients compared with controls, a statistically significant negative association was found among platelet counts and each of vitamin D level and serum Ca, the mean platelet count after conventional therapy was significantly increased in group one ITP patients. Conclusion: VD lack is very frequent in children with recently identified or chronic ITP form. Consequently, there are advantages of supplement VD in ITP-cases.
Comparison Between Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension II and Clinical Risk Index for Babies in Prediction of Neonatal Mortality in Septic Preterm Cases Tanta University Hospital’s Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Al-Akhd Ahmed Hossam El-Din Abd Al-fatah , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed , Shihab Nihal Salah El-Din , Mahdy Heba Said El 
Published: August 2021

Background: Preterm birth (< 37 weeks gestation) is a major cause of death and a significant cause of long-term loss of human potential amongst survivors all around the world.
Aim: Compare between two neonatal mortality risk scores, Score for neonatal acute physiology perinatal extension (SNAP-PE II) and Clinical risk index for babies (CRIB), in predicting the neonatal mortality in septic preterm admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Tanta University Hospital (TUH) over a period of one year.
Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study carried out on 200 septic preterm newborns admitted to NICU of TUH over 1 year period. 89 cases representing (44.5 %) were female and 111 cases representing (55.5%) were male. All of them were admitted to NICU [within their first 48 hours of birth]. All septic preterm neonates will be followed up till their death or discharge. SNAP-PE II and CRIB scores applied to all the septic preterm neonates in this study during the first 12 hours after diagnosis of sepsis in NICU according to Modified Hematological scoring system (MHSS).
Results: There was a weak positive correlation between MHSS score for neonatal infection and both of the SNAP II and CRIB scores.
Conclusion: Both SNAP-PE II and CRIB scores have good sensitivity for predicting neonatal mortality which was slightly higher in SNAPPE II score. Neonatal Mortality rate was significantly correlated with high MHSS.
COVID-19, Food Insecurity and Health in Liberia
Authors: Pewee Forkpah , Mulbah Helena 
Published: August 2021

Background: This paper highlights empirical evidence on how COVID-19 has caused havoc for food security and health in Liberia. With the alarming rise in poverty, low agricultural production and poor health among Liberians, the presence of COVID-19 further intensified the magnitude of difficulty in resolving these societal problems. COVID-19 has created a scene of chaos for poor families; which have to keep struggling through it to live healthy and have equal access to food items.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using 5 electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cross Ref, Google Scholar and Google Search Engine. The inclusion criteria included: research that focused on COVID-19 and food security; peer-reviewed academic journals published in English in the last 5 years period; open access articles with accessible abstracts and full text; and commentaries/discussion papers.
Results: In spite of the efforts applied by the Government of Liberia in minimizing COVID-19 impacts on food insecurity and health, citizens still feel the huge effect of food insecurity and poor health due to high unemployment rate and low purchasing power.
Conclusion: COVID-19 has created unfavorable food insecurity situations and adverse effects on quality health and wellbeing of citizens. Food security and quality health are of interest now due to the fact that most Liberians depend on food items to survive and live healthy lives. And if proper care is not taken to reverse the unwanted course of food insecurity, thousands of Liberians would suffer from starvation, malnutrition and untimely death, even after coronavirus has left mother earth.
Case Study of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome -An Overview
Authors: Chitalkar Pratiksha , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Chandi Dhruba Hari 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is also known as polycystic ovarian disorder (POD). The disease is mainly metabolic (hyper androgenic) one. It usually affects women between the ages of 18 and 44. PCOS has no clear origin, although it seems to work at home. It is related to the effects of high levels of hormones in the body, such as high insulin levels.
PCOS affects more than a million people in India each year. PCOS affects one in five Indian women (20%). Left untreated, the disease can lead to serious health problems.
Conclusion: There is no permanent treatment for it since it is an irreversible syndrome/disease. The best way to improve health conditions is to change one's lifestyle and take drugs. One of the most effective methods is to make a healthy food/bad food chart and stick to it with exercise and medicine on a daily basis.
Comparative Clinical Trial on Aragwadha Erand and Trivrutta Eranda Nitya Virechana in Gridhrasi (Lumbago Sciatica Syndrome): A Study Protocol
Authors: Parwe Shweta , Jadhav Sandip , Nisargandha Milind 
Published: August 2021

Background: At present, the life style is gradually shifting away from healthy living, and therefore people fall victim of various diseases. Sedentary lifestyle, stress, improper posture, continuous jerky movements, long travelling, etc., put maximum pressure on the spine and lower portion of the pelvis. About 80–90% of people get affected by low back pain and 5% of those become victims of sciatica.
Aim: Studying the effect of Trivrut Eranda Tailam and Aragvadha Eranda Tailam Virechana in Gridhrasi (Lumbago sciatica syndrome).
Objectives: To study the effect of Trivrut Eranda Tailam in Gridhrasi, To study the effect of Aragvadha Eranda Tailam in Gridhrasi and to compare the effect of Trivrutta Eranda Tailam and Aragavadha Eranda Tailam in Gridhrasi.
Methodology: This study will be a Randomized controlled interventional trial to be conducted on 30 participants. The participants will be divided into two groups viz. Group A and Group B. The patient in Group A will be given Trivrutt Eranda Tailam (15 patients) and Group B will be given Aragvadha Eranda Tailam (15 patients).
Results: Nitya virechan will be carried out in both these groups. The results will be compared on the basis of SLR test [Straight leg raising test], Lassegue sign, Flip test, Bowstring test and Serum electrolytes used for Gridhrasi.
Conclusion: Conclusions will be drawn on the result.
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) as a Tool for Diagnosis and Treatment Analysis of Mood Disorders
Authors: Poojal Mapari , Ambad Ranjit , Nagrale Ninad , Bankar Nandkishor 
Published: August 2021

Background: The misdiagnosis rate for mood disorders is high. Psychiatric literature is in much need of a more objective and quantitative tool for the investigation of mood disorders. Although SPECT has been previously used in research for the understanding of the neuroscience behind depressive and bipolar disorders, it is a tool that remains underutilized in clinical settings.
Aims: To study the effectiveness of SPECT as a tool for diagnosis and treatment analysis of mood disorders.
Discussion: SPECT provides a significant insight into the neurochemistry of the brain during normal and abnormal functioning. The involvement of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and serotonin transport (SERT) abnormalities as markers of mood disorders are theories that receive backing from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Conclusion: This neuroimaging technique may be used a tool for differential diagnosis between mood disorders. Moreover, SPECT may be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment being provided to patients with mood disorders. Additional research to improve sensitivity and specificity of SPECT may encourage its further usage in clinical settings. The future of SPECT as a tool for diagnosis and treatment analysis of mood disorders looks promising.
A Clinicl Case Report on Black Dog (Depression)
Authors: Meshram Dharti , Gawai Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja 
Published: August 2021

Aim: - The intent of this case report is to define the top practice for a person detected with depressive disorder who has been denoted to a public mental health facility for treatment. To identify the black dog symptoms early to provide treatment and prevent potential complication.
Presentation of case: A 45-year-old male patient got admitted in psychiatric ward AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe Wardha, Maharashtra, with the complaints of insomnia, low mood, social withdrawal, irritable, lack of interaction, lack of interest, sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, decrease appetite and suicide ideation such as hanging. patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 month ago when his younger brother passes away and his started show above clinical features of depression. patient received antidepressant drug citalopram, Imipramine and two-time Somatic therapy (Electroconvulsive Therapy). symptoms were minimized.
Result: The patient was received psychopharmacological treatment antidepressant drug sertraline, citalopram, fluvoxamine along with somatic therapy (ECT) two times and psychosocial therapy, coping strategies, family therapy, yoga, recreation, meditation and symptoms was minimized.
Discussion: Millions of people worldwide suffer from depression. it is most common disorder in outpatient clinic. which can result impairment and disability of individual ability to cope up with daily life.
Conclusion: A positive outcome gets by the patient not only with the help of therapeutic management but also the family coping and support even. later on, due to proper psychopharmacological treatment, patient shown positive feedback and slowly all the aims are achieved which were planned in period. Finally, the patient got discharged from the hospital and now he is continuing his on follow up.
Domino Reaction Encoded Heterogeneous Colloidal Microswarm with On‐Demand Morphological Adaptability
Authors: Jin Dongdong , Yuan Ke , Du Xingzhou , Wang Qianqian , Wang Shijie , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmulating natural swarm intelligence with group‐level functionality in artificial micro/nanorobotic systems offers an opportunity to sublimate the limited functions of individuals and revolutionize their applications. However, achieving synchronous operation of microswarms with environmental adaptability and cooperative tasking capability remains a challenge. Here, an adaptive and heterogeneous colloidal magnetic microswarm with domino reaction encoded cooperative functions is presented. Through programming external magnetic fields, the system self‐organizes into two swarm states, that is, vortex and ribbon microswarms, which can switch between each other reversibly within seconds, allowing to traverse tortuous, branched, and confined environments through adaptive morphological transformation. By specializing subgroups of building blocks with separate functions, cooperative tasking capability is integrated into the heterogeneous system following a “division of labor” manner. Given targeted therapy as a proof‐of‐concept task, the coordinated delivery of heterogeneous colloidal system across a complex environment with an access rate higher than 90% is demonstrated, and the specialization and cooperation between building blocks to disrupt multiple growth pathways of cancer cells via domino reaction are realized. The reconfigurable microswarm with hierarchical functionality presents a bioinspired approach to adapt to environmental variations and address multitasking requirements, which advances the development of microrobotic swarms and promises major benefits in biomedical fields.
Increasing Accessible Subsurface to Improving Rate Capability and Cycling Stability of Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Bo , Liang Shuquan , Yu Dongdong , Cheng Boshi , Egun Ishioma L. , Lin Jiande , Xie Xuefang , Shao Hezhu , He Haiyong , Pan Anqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have reported that the enhancement of rate capability of carbonaceous anode by heteroatom doping is due to the increased diffusion‐controlled capacity induced by expanding interlayer spacing. However, percentage of diffusion‐controlled capacity is less than 30% as scan rate is larger than 1 mV s−1, suggesting there is inaccuracy in recognizing principle of improving rate capability of carbonaceous anode. In this paper, it is found that the heteroatom doping has little impact on interlayer spacing of carbon in bulk phase, meaning that diffusion‐controlled capacity is hard to be enhanced by doping. After synergizing with tensile stress, however, the interlayer spacing in subsurface region is obviously expanded to 0.40 nm, which will increase the thickness of accessible subsurface region at high current density. So SRNDC‐700 electrodes display a high specific capacity of 160.6 and 69.5 mAh g−1 at 20 and 50 A g−1, respectively. Additionally, the high reversibility of carbon structure insures ultralong cycling stability and hence attenuation of SRNDC‐700 is only 0.0025% per cycle even at 10 A g−1 for 6000 cycles. This report sheds new insight into mechanism of improving electrochemical performance of carbonaceous anode by doping and provides a novel design concept for doping carbon.
Metamorphosis of Heterostructured Surface‐Mounted Metal–Organic Frameworks Yielding Record Oxygen Evolution Mass Activities
Authors: Hou Shujin , Li Weijin , Watzele Sebastian , Kluge Regina M. , Xue Song , Yin Shanshan , Jiang Xinyu , Döblinger Markus , Welle Alexander , Garlyyev Batyr , Koch Max , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Wöll Christof , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaterials derived from surface‐mounted metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). A series of mixed‐metal, heterostructured SURMOFs is fabricated by the facile layer‐by‐layer deposition method. The obtained materials reveal record‐high electrocatalyst mass activities of ≈2.90 kA g−1 at an overpotential of 300 mV in 0.1 m KOH, superior to the benchmarking precious and nonprecious metal electrocatalysts. This property is assigned to the particular in situ self‐reconstruction and self‐activation of the SURMOFs during the immersion and the electrochemical treatment in alkaline aqueous electrolytes, which allows for the generation of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide electrocatalyst materials of specific morphology and microstructure.