bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Resource‐Energy Nexus as a Key Factor for Circular Economy
Authors: Schmidt Mario 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe extraction of raw materials is associated with energy input and CO2 emissions. What is obvious for extraction from mining, however, also applies to recycling. Mostly, recycling is preferred for reasons of climate protection or because of the geological scarcity of raw materials, which is controversially discussed. While in mining, the declining ore grade is a driver for the energy demand, in case of recycling it is the dissipation of materials into products or waste. As concentration decreases, the effort required also increases disproportionately. The “closing the loop” metaphor of Circular Economy is therefore inappropriate in its stricter meaning. It is rather about optimizing the overall system and finding the optimal recycling rate. However, first, it must be clarified what the political goals for Circular Economy are.
Visualizing Correlation Regions: The Case of the Ammonia Crystal
Authors: Ramírez‐Palma David , Landeros‐Rivera Bruno , Genoni Alessandro , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando , Contreras‐García Julia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe resort to X‐ray constrained wavefunctions in order to separately analyze crystal field and correlation effects in ammonia. With this aim in mind, we compare the electron density and the amount of electron localization in different molecular regions derived from three different calculations: the isolated molecule, the solid‐state and the X‐ray constrained wavefunctions. While the crystal field effects lead to a contraction (localization) of electron pairs, the introduction of correlation as a correction from the experimental density leads to a compensating effect that diffuses back again the electron pairs. We have also compared the effect on the most widely used methods in solid state, HF and DFT, showing that (as in molecules) correlation has well differenciated effects, with DFT overdelocalizing. It is now well known that approximate functionals have errors in the density reconstruction and in the energy estimation. Resorting to experimental densities thus allows expanding the separation of the errors in the functional and the density in solid state, where correlated wavefunctions are not easily available.
Multi‐observer methods for estimating uncertain species identification
Authors: Hoekman Steven T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecies identification typically is assumed certain in population ecology. However, partial identification (to lowest certain taxon) and misidentification (collectively “uncertain identification”) have pervaded surveys. Consequent bias in occupancy and abundance estimates impairs inference and decision‐making, but methods for estimating uncertain identification and remedying its effects have required restrictive assumptions or utilized artificial cues. I present likelihood‐based multi‐observer methods for estimating uncertain identification during surveys enumerating individuals, assess performance via simulation study, demonstrate application to line transects, and provide recommendations for use and further development. Methods typically employ three or more independent observers using one or more observation methods. Species identity is a latent state, and discrepancies in species classifications of the same individuals or groups enable estimation of uncertain identification and true species composition of detected individuals. Because complete or certain classifications are not required for any observer, methods uniquely befit surveys for free‐ranging, unmarked animals. Methods permit arbitrary numbers of species and observation states, multi‐species groups, covariates, and distinct uncertain identification for each species, observer, and observation state. Innovative technologies for acquiring recorded observations (e.g., digital media of survey observations) complement methods by enabling post hoc classifications by independent observers and enhanced species identification (e.g., replays, magnification, spectrograms). Using multi‐observation methods (MOM), classifications by observers at sampling sites are supplemented with classifications from recorded observations by additional observers. Alternatively, recorded observations can be acquired solely via technology (e.g., unmanned aerial systems, autonomous recording units). Multi‐observation methods enable supplementing automated classifications (e.g., machine learning) with classifications by humans, while single‐observation methods allow classifications by multiple human observers. Simulations demonstrated good model performance and robustness, except to high un‐modeled heterogeneity in misidentification. Minimizing misidentification and other practical steps enhance precision and accuracy of results. I applied MOM to line transects for two genusBrachyramphusmurrelet species by photographing a sample of detected groups. Post hoc classifications from photographs by three independent observers had lower misidentification and partial identification (0.6%, 9%) vs. experienced observers at survey sites (3.2%, 23%). Integrating multi‐observer methods with other methods (e.g., distance sampling,N‐mixture models) enables estimation of occupancy or abundance accounting for uncertain detection and identification.
Shortening of time‐to‐peak left ventricular pressure rise (Td) in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Odland Hans Henrik , Villegas‐Martinez Manuel , Ross Stian , Holm Torbjørn , Cornelussen Richard , Remme Espen W. , Kongsgard Erik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsWe tested the hypothesis that shortening of time‐to‐peak left ventricular pressure rise (Td) reflect resynchronization in an animal model and that Td measured in patients will be helpful to identify long‐term volumetric responders [end‐systolic volume (ESV) decrease >15%] in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).MethodsTd was analysed in an animal study (n = 12) of left bundle‐branch block (LBBB) with extensive instrumentation to detect left ventricular myocardial deformation, electrical activation, and pressures during pacing. The sum of electrical delays from the onset of pacing to four intracardiac electrodes formed a synchronicity index (SI). Pacing was performed at baseline, with LBBB, right and left ventricular pacing and finally with biventricular pacing (BIVP). We then studied Td at baseline and with BIVP in a clinical observational study in 45 patients during the implantation of CRT and followed up for up to 88 months.ResultsWe found a strong relationship between Td and SI in the animals (R = 0.84, P < 0.01). Td and SI increased from narrow QRS at baseline (Td = 95 ± 2 ms, SI = 141 ± 8 ms) to LBBB (Td = 125 ± 2 ms, SI = 247 ± 9 ms, P < 0.01), and shortened with biventricular pacing (BIVP) (Td = 113 ± 2 ms and SI = 192 ± 7 ms, P < 0.01). Prolongation of Td was associated with more wasted deformation during the preejection period (R = 0.77, P < 0.01). Six patients increased ESV by 2.5 ± 18%, while 37 responders (85%) had a mean ESV decrease of 40 ± 15% after more than 6 months of follow‐up. Responders presented with a higher Td at baseline than non‐responders (163 ± 26 ms vs. 121 ± 19 ms, P < 0.01). Td decreased to 156 ± 16 ms (P = 0.02) with CRT in responders, while in non‐responders, Td increased to 148 ± 21 ms (P < 0.01). A decrease in Td with BIVP to values similar or below what was found at baseline accurately identified responders to therapy (AUC 0.98, P < 0.01). Td at baseline and change in Td from baseline was linear related to the decrease in ESV at follow‐up. All‐cause mortality was high among six non‐responders (n = 4), while no patients died in the responder group during follow‐up.ConclusionsProlongation of Td is associated with cardiac dyssynchrony and more wasted deformation during the preejection period. Shortening of a prolonged Td with CRT in patients accurately identifies volumetric responders to CRT with incremental value on top of current guidelines and practices. Thus, Td carries the potential to become a biomarker to predict long‐term volumetric response in CRT candidates.
Association of high serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels with risk of adverse events in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Sato Takuma , Nagai Toshiyuki , Hirata Kenji , Tsuneta Satonori , Kato Yoshiya , Komoriyama Hirokazu , Kamiya Kiwamu , Konishi Takao , Omote Kazunori , Ohira Hiroshi , Kudo Kohsuke , Konno Satoshi , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL‐2R) is a potentially useful biomarker in the diagnosis and evaluation of disease severity in patients with sarcoidosis, its prognostic implication in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is unclear. We sought to investigate whether sIL‐2R was associated with clinical outcomes and to clarify the relationship between sIL‐2R levels and disease activity in patients with CS.Methods and resultsWe examined 83 consecutive patients with CS in our hospital who had available serum sIL‐2R data between May 2003 and February 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of advanced atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause death. Inflammatory activity in the myocardium and lymph nodes was assessed by 18F‐fluorideoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. During a median follow‐up period of 2.96 (IQR 2.24–4.27) years, the primary outcome occurred in 24 patients (29%). Higher serum sIL‐2R levels (>538 U/mL, the median) were significantly related to increased incidence of primary outcome (P = 0.037). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that a higher sIL‐2R was independently associated with an increased subsequent risk of adverse events (HR 3.71, 95% CI 1.63–8.44, P = 0.002), even after adjustment for significant covariates. sIL‐2R levels were significantly correlated to inflammatory activity in lymph nodes (r = 0.346, P = 0.003) but not the myocardium (r = 0.131, P = 0.27).ConclusionsIncreased sIL‐2R is associated with worse long‐term clinical outcomes accompanied by increased systemic inflammatory activity in CS patients.
Implementing a material planning and control method for special nutrition in a Brazilian public hospital
Authors: Alemsan Najla , Tortorella Guilherme Luz , Vergara Alejandro Francisco Mac Cawley , Rodriguez Carlos Manuel Taboada , Staudacher Alberto Portioli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to (i) propose a demand forecast model for special nutrition materials in the context of health services, and (ii) comparatively evaluate three inventory management and control systems (periodic review, continuous review and mixed) for special nutrition materials. For that, we carried out a case study in a Brazilian public teaching hospital where data and information collection were conducted over a span of 22 months (from January 2018 and were consolidated until October 2019). A six‐step approach was followed to propose the demand forecasting models and, later, evaluate the inventory control systems for special nutrition materials. Results indicate that if the organization implements the proposed inventory management method, there could be savings of up to 33% in the stock values managed by the healthcare organization. This research shows the planning and control of special nutrition materials in an integrated manner. Demand forecasting methods have been combined with inventory management to promote systemic improvements to healthcare organization.
Investigation of porosity significance on an Oldroyd‐B fluid flow transport between parallel plates: Closed form solution
Authors: Sunder Ram Mutnuri , Shravani Kasarla , Shamshuddin MD , Salawu Sulyman O. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe current work focuses on the analytical investigation of the laminar flow of Oldroyd‐B fluid between parallel plates influenced by the inner surface of the plates with porous lining. The Oldroyd‐B fundamental equation is featured to energize the realistic captivation of dilute polymeric solutions in parallel plates. Furthermore, the transport of momentum energy is controlled by the significant influence of the porous medium. The flow mechanics of transport through the parallel plates is developed utilizing nondimensional variables' coupled system of higher‐order equations, transformed into partial order from partial models with appropriate nondimensionalities. The altered equations are computed analytically by the usage of linear partial differential equations with the constant coefficients method through MATLAB software. The noteworthy impact of different parameters like Reynolds number, pressure gradient, material parameters related to relaxation and retardation, permeability parameter, and time parameter is observed along the flow rate and velocity in clear and porous region distributions graphically. Variation of thickness with total velocity has been displayed through tables. It is examined through graphical discussion that low Reynolds number values accomplish maximum velocity in both cases. Material parameters relaxation and retardation show opposite in nature irrespective of porous and nonporous cases. The flow rate in the absence of porosity significantly upsurges within the bounded domain, that is, as values of pressure gradient increase, the flow rate is enhanced. The observation aligned well with various reports and the impact of pressure gradient on a fluid. It is noticed that the fluid motion for the unsteady case is higher and gradually increases as the time parameter grows, and shows opposite trends as compared to the case of the porous medium. Finally, the presence of porous medium has manifested an impact on the flow field.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy efficacy in reducing physiological response to emotional stimuli in patients with bipolar I disorder and the intermediate role of cognitive reactivity
Authors: Docteur Aurélie , Gorwood Philip , Mirabel‐Sarron Christine , Kaya Lefèvre Héline , Sala Loretta , Duriez Philibert 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the impact of Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for bipolar disorders on emotional responses by using skin conductance recording, and to investigate a mediating or predictive effect of cognitive reactivity.MethodsSixty‐seven patients with bipolar disorder were assessed at baseline, pre‐MBCT and post‐MBCT. After answering inventories regarding depression and dysfunctional attitudes, they were instructed to focus on emotional pictures from the International Affective Pictures System while electrodermal recording.ResultsFor a subgroup of patients having a significant change of the electrodermal response, MBCT reduced dysfunctional attitudes and the amplitude of the physiological response to negative stimuli. Findings also show that lower dysfunctional attitudes at baseline predicted a larger reduction of physiological reactivity.ConclusionsMBCT could decrease patient's reactivity to negative stimuli by decreasing its physiological component, which is coherent with its aim to facilitate disengaging from affective stimuli. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and how this could translate in reducing the risk of relapse.
A pilot study investigating the efficacy of brief, phone‐based, behavioral interventions for burnout in graduate students
Authors: Fang Caitlin M. , McMahon Kibby , Miller Melissa L. , Rosenthal Mark Zachary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study tested the efficacy of two brief, phone‐administered, behavioral interventions derived from behavioral activation in reducing burnout among doctoral students.MethodsSixty‐six doctoral students demonstrating current high burnout were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: (1) Reward: increasing pleasant, rewarding behaviors, (2) Approach: approaching important goals that they have been avoiding, or (3) Control: monitoring only.ResultsResults indicated that doctoral students treated with the approach intervention reported significantly lower burnout compared to participants in the control condition immediately after the intervention and at a 1‐week follow‐up. Results also suggested that students in the approach intervention also reported higher well‐being compared to students in the control condition.ConclusionThese findings suggest that this approach intervention is an effective treatment for school burnout for doctoral students that can be delivered remotely through phone and web technology.
Hepatic stellate cells in the injured liver: Perspectives beyond hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Ezhilarasan Devaraj 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, our understanding of the pathological role of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in fibrotic liver disease has increased dramatically. As HSCs are identified as the principal collagen‐producing cells in the injured liver, several experimental and clinical studies have targeted HSCs to treat liver fibrosis. However, HSCs also play a critical role in developing nonfibrotic liver diseases such as cholestasis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this review exclusively focuses on the role of activated HSCs beyond hepatic fibrosis. In cholestasis conditions, elevated bile salts and bile acids activate HSCs to secrete collagen and other extracellular matrix products, which cause biliary fibrosis and cholangitis. In the chronically injured liver, autocrine and paracrine signaling from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells activates HSCs to induce portal hypertension via endothelin‐1 release. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), activated HSCs are the major source of cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF). The crosstalk between activated HSC/CAF and tumor cells is associated with tumor cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In TME, activated HSCs convert macrophages to tumor‐associated macrophages and induce the differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes to regulatory DCs and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, respectively. This differentiation, in turn, increases T cells proliferation and induces their apoptosis leading to reduced immune surveillance in TME. Thus, HSCs activation in chronically injured liver is a critical process involved in the progression of cholestasis, portal hypertension, and liver cancer.
Differences in genetic counseling student responses to intense patient affect: A study of students in North American programs
Authors: Keppers Rachel , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Schema Lynn , LeRoy Bonnie S. , MacFarlane Ian M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch indicates genetic counseling patients often experience intense emotions. No studies, however, have investigated how genetic counseling students respond to patient affect. This survey study investigated student responses to patient emotions and select factors affecting their responses. One‐hundred fifty‐one genetic counseling students in North American programs wrote a response to each of three hypothetical prenatal scenarios, identical except for the patient affect expressed (anger, fear, or sadness). They also completed measures of empathy tendency and tolerance of negative affect and demographic questions. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), used to analyze the effects of major study variables on the types of responses given by participants, was significant. Follow‐up univariate ANCOVAs indicated small to moderate effect sizes for student clinical experience, race/ethnicity, and relationship status within and across scenarios. For example, as number of patients counseled increased, participants used more feeling reflections and fewer self‐involving statements. There were no significant differences in responses due to empathy tendency or affect tolerance. Most common responses were information provision and feeling reflections for the Anger scenario, information provision for the Fear scenario, and influencing responses for the Sadness scenario. Responses to each scenario typically involved multiple thoughts (range: 1–14; means ranged from 3.25 in the Sadness scenario to 3.62 in the Fear scenario). Most students (82%) reported the Anger scenario was the most difficult. Thematic analysis of reasons a scenario was difficult yielded four themes: Discomfort with situation/emotion, Positive countertransference, Uncertain how to respond, and Negative countertransference. Findings that clinical experience affects how participants responded to patient affect support the essential role of applied experience. Findings also support training and supervision to help genetic counseling students in North America learn ways to respond to strong patient emotions and recognize and manage countertransference.
Effect of mortality from COVID‐19 on inpatient outcomes
Authors: Phillips Matthew C. , Sarff Laura , Banerjee Josh , Coffey Chase , Holtom Paul , Meurer Steve , Wald‐Dickler Noah , Spellberg Brad 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhen hospitals first encountered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), there was a dearth of therapeutic options and nearly 1 in 3 patients died from the disease. By the summer of 2020, as deaths from the disease declined nationally, multiple single‐center studies began to report declining mortality of patients with COVID‐19. To evaluate the effect of COVID‐19 on hospital‐based mortality, we searched the Vizient Clinical Data Base for outcomes data from approximately 600 participating hospitals, including 130 academic medical centers, from January 2017 through December 2020. More than 32 million hospital admissions were included in the analysis. After an initial spike, mortality from COVID‐19 declined in all regions of the country to under 10% by June 2020 and remained constant for the remainder of the year. Despite this, inpatient, all‐cause mortality has increased since the beginning of the pandemic, even those without respiratory failure. Inpatient mortality has particularly increased in elderly patients and in those requiring intubation for respiratory failure. Since June 2020, COVID‐19 kills one in every 10 patients admitted to the hospital with this diagnosis. The addition of this new disease has raised overall hospital mortality especially those who require intubation for respiratory failure.
The first Italian outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 lineage in Corzano, Lombardy
Authors: Messali Serena , Campisi Giovanni , Giovanetti Marta , Ciccozzi Massimo , Caruso Arnaldo , Caccuri Francesca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn December 2020, Italy experienced the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) B.1.1.7 lineage. In January 2021, we identified 21 cases of this variant in Corzano, defining the first outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 lineage in Italy. The high transmissibility of the B.1.1.7 variant represented an important benefit for the virus, which became rapidly dominant on the territory. Containment measures induced the epidemic curve onto a decreasing trajectory underlining the importance of appropriate control and surveillance for restraint of virus spread.Highlights The first Italian outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.1.7 lineage occurred in Lombardy in January 2021. The outbreak originated by a single introduction of the B.1.1.7 lineage. The genomic sequencing revealed, for the first time, the presence of the V551F mutation in the B.1.1.7 lineage in Italy. Surveillance, prompt sequencing and tracing efforts were fundamental to identify and to quickly contain the outbreak.