bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensional Design and Core–Shell Engineering of Nanomaterials for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wu Zhengchen , Cheng Han‐Wen , Jin Chen , Yang Bintong , Xu Chunyang , Pei Ke , Zhang Huibin , Yang Ziqi , Che Renchao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials possess exceptionally high EM energy loss efficiency. With vigorous developments in nanotechnology, such materials have exhibited numerous advanced EM functions, including radiation prevention and antiradar stealth. To achieve improved EM performance and multifunctionality, the elaborate control of microstructures has become an attractive research direction. By designing them as core–shell structures with different dimensions, the combined effects, such as interfacial polarization, conduction networks, magnetic coupling, and magnetic–dielectric synergy, can significantly enhance the EM wave absorption performance. Herein, the advances in low‐dimensional core–shell EM wave absorption materials are outlined and a selection of the most remarkable examples is discussed. The derived key information regarding dimensional design, structural engineering, performance, and structure–function relationship are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the investigation of the cutting‐edge mechanisms is given particular attention. Additional applications, such as oxidation resistance and self‐cleaning functions, are also introduced. Finally, insight into what may be expected from this rapidly expanding field and future challenges are presented.
Atomic‐Scale Observations of the Manganese Porphyrin/Au Catalyst Interface Under the Electrocatalytic Process Revealed with Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Kim Yongman , Jeong Yongchan , Kim YoungJae , Park Jeong Young 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs a promising molecular catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), metalloporphyrin is a good model system that is extensively studied. The catalytic efficiency of metalloporphyrin can be improved with deeper insight into its complex issues, such as structural stability and catalytic activity. Using in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC‐STM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the morphological evolution of the manganese porphyrin/Au(111) interface affected by the electrocatalytic reaction is revealed. In alkaline solution, the catalytic performance is dramatically enhanced after the first potential sweep, directly related to the formation of the MnOx‐porphyrin complexes, driven by an irreversible oxidation–reduction process. These newly formed catalytically active materials exhibit synergistic effects with the Au interface. In situ EC‐STM imaging provides the molecular evidence for the formation of the real active metalloporphyrin‐based catalyst, showing the complicated interrelation of the morphology, structure, catalytic activity, and electrolyte in OER catalysts.
Systematic evaluation of bromine‐free flame‐retardant systems in acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene
Authors: Bachinger Angelika , Sandinge Anna , Lindqvist Karin M. , Strid Anna , Gong Guan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA systematic investigation of phosphorus‐based flame‐retardant (PFR) systems in acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) is presented. The effect of various PFRs, combinations thereof and influence of different synergists is studied in terms of fire and mechanical performance, as well as toxicity of resulting ABS. Sustainable flame‐retardant systems with a promising effect on the fire‐retardant properties of ABS are identified: A combination of aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate is shown to exhibit superior flame‐retardant properties in ABS compared to other studied PFRs and PFR combinations. Among a variety of studied potential synergists for this system, a grade of expandable graphite with a high‐initiation temperature and a molybdenum‐based smoke suppressant show the most promising effect, leading to a significant reduction of the peak heat release rate as well as the smoke production rate. Compared to current state‐of‐the‐art brominated flame‐retardant for ABS, the identified flame‐retardant systems reduce the maximum smoke production rate by 70% and the peak heat release rate by 40%. However, a significant reduction of the impact performance of the resulting ABS is identified, which requires further investigation.
Preparation and characterization of a nontoxic cross‐linked lipase aggregate by using sodium tripolyphosphate and chitosan
Authors: Yan Hongde , Shi Bobo , Ding Jing , Zhu Hanxiao , Li Xinchen , Qian Junqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have the advantages of high‐enzyme activity and stability, and have an application potential in food and feed processing. In order to address the food and feed safety of CLEAs and have ideal enzymatic properties, a new design of CLEAs of lipase from Aspergillus niger is developed by using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross‐linking agent and chitosan as an auxiliary agent. The enzyme activity recovery of the developed CLEAs reaches 126%. The half‐life of the CLEAs is 11.4‐fold higher than that of free enzyme at the optimum reaction temperature of CLEAs. The surface structure of the CLEAs reveals cluster and porous structure. The variations of the secondary structures of the CLEAs indicate an increase of α‐helix and decrease of β‐sheet, β‐turn, and random coil. The adding of chitosan is beneficial to enzyme activity recovery and thermal stability of the CLEAs. TPP and chitosan are safe and nontoxic, and the CLEAs prepared with TPP and chitosan is suitable for the food and feed industries.
The design and application of IRobotQ3D for simulating robotics experiments in K‐12 education
Authors: Zhan Zehui , Zhong Baichang , Shi Xiangyang , Si Qiuji , Zheng Jijun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study developed a robotic online simulation platform (i.e., IRobotQ3D) for K‐12 education, which realized several main fundamental functions, such as the three‐dimensional (3D) structure design of the robot, a combination of components, graphical programming, and motion simulation. Based on the PhysX physics engine, this system regarded the robot and interactive environment as a rigid body and simplified the robot dynamics, so that ordinary users don't have to care about the complex dynamic problems. In particular, graphical and modular programming modes were adopted, which greatly facilitates the development of robotic learning for K‐12 students. Students can use the IRobotQ3D software on the computer to build virtual robots and simulation environments, write and debug programs to run the operation of physical robots in the simulation window. The technical route of building simulation design function for each physical robot in a 3D environment was determined, and the four‐stage iteration design process was described in detail. Then the steps of applying IRobotQ3D in robotics education were introduced and an experiment was conducted. Forty‐four first‐year junior high school students participated in the experiment. Results indicated that IRobotQ3D plays a positive role in improving students' programming ability, learning attitude, and learning engagement, and demonstrates great educational potential. Finally, the educational value of IRobotQ3D was discussed.
Synthesis of Tangled Iron‐Nitrogen Co‐doped Carbon Nanosheets through a Dopamine Coordination Strategy for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Qin Ke , Zhu Zhenye , Yi Mingjie , Hu Shunyou , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDeveloping efficient, economical, and durable transition metal atom‐dispersed catalysts to boost the sluggish oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) is crucial for the practical metal‐air batteries. Herein, a facile dopamine‐coordination strategy was developed to obtain tangled Fe, N co‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets (donated as tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets), which can be utilized as high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts. Benefited from the unique hierarchical porous structures and abundant Fe−Nx active sites, the tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets exhibited excellent ORR activity in alkaline medium with more positive half‐wave potential (0.88 V vs. RHE) than 20 wt % Pt/C (0.84 V vs. RHE). Meanwhile, the tangled Fe−N−C nanosheets exhibit excellent long‐term stability and good tolerance to methanol crossover. When applying the Fe−N−C nanosheets as the cathode catalyst for primary zinc‐air batteries (ZABs), the assembled cells exhibit high open circuit voltage (∼1.43 V), high peak power density (∼89 mW cm−2) and large specific capacity of 801 mA h g−1.
Noble‐Gas Difluoride Complexes of MOF4(M=Mo, W); Syntheses, Structures and Bonding of NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4(Ng=Kr, Xe)
Authors: Bortolus Mark R. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Brock David S. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe NgF2 ⋅ MOF4(Ng=Kr, Xe; M=Mo, W) and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4complexes were synthesized in anhydrous HF (aHF) solvent and melts, respectively. Their single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) structures show NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4have Ft−Ng−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M arrangements, in which the NgF2ligands coordinate to MOF4through Ng−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M bridges. The XeF2ligands of XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4also coordinate to F3OM−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4moieties through Xe−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M bridges to form Ft−Xe−Fb‐ ‐ ‐M(OF3)−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4, where XeF2coordinates trans to the M=O bond and Fb’ coordinates trans to the M’=O bond. The Ng−Ft, Ng−Fb, and M‐ ‐ ‐Fbbond lengths of NgF2 ⋅ nMOF4are consistent with MOF4and F3OM−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐M'OF4fluoride‐ion affinity trends: CrOF4<MoOF4<WOF4≈F3OMo−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐Mo'OF4<F3OW−Fb’‐ ‐ ‐W'OF4. The [‐ ‐(F4OMo)(μ3‐F)H‐ ‐ ‐(μ‐F)H‐ ‐]∞solvate was also synthesized in aHF and characterized by SCXRD. Quantum‐chemical calculations show the M‐ ‐ ‐Fbbonds of NgF2 ⋅ MOF4and XeF2 ⋅ 2MOF4are predominantly electrostatic, σ‐hole type bonds.
The moderating effects of corporate social responsibility assurance in the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate performance
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to analyse the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on corporate performance. It also analyses the moderating effect of CSR assurance on the association between CSR disclosure and corporate performance, contributing to knowledge in this area. The theoretical framework of the study is based on stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory. The sample used consists of 9861 international firm‐year observations collected from the Thomson Reuters database between 2009 and 2018. Our model has been estimated using the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator. The findings show that CSR disclosure is positively associated with corporate performance, as proposed in our hypothesis. Additionally, our evidence shows that CSR assurance plays a positive moderating role between CSR disclosure and corporate performance.
Trophic niche overlap between round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) and sympatric pelagic fish species in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Bachiller Eneko , Giménez Joan , Albo‐Puigserver Marta , Pennino Maria Grazia , Marí‐Mena Neus , Esteban Antonio , Lloret‐Lloret Elena , Bellido José María , Coll Marta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe northward expansion of round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) in the Mediterranean Sea, together with declines and fluctuations in biomass and landings of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) observed in recent decades, may suggest potential inter‐specific competition in the pelagic domain. The coexistence of sympatric zooplanktivorous fish species might therefore be exposed in part to trophic niche overlap and competition for food. Combining visual diet characterization under the microscope with DNA metabarcoding from stomach contents of fish collected in spring results show that predation on relatively large krill is equally important for sardinella than for the other two niche overlapping species. Furthermore, an important overlap is found in their isotopic niche, especially with anchovy, using nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes in muscle tissue. In fact, the three fish species are able to feed effectively in the whole prey size spectrum available during the sampled season, from the smallest diatoms and copepods to the larger prey (i.e., decapods and euphausiids), including fish larvae. Moreover, effective predation upon other large prey like siphonophores, which is observed only when multi‐proxy analyses in stomach contents are applied, might also be relevant in the diet of sardinella. The overlapping diet composition in spring, together with the effective use of food resource by sardinella, can be of special interest in potential future scenarios with warmer water temperature leading to lower zooplankton and/or higher jellyfish availability, where sardinella may take advantage over other species due to its feeding plasticity.
Uncoupling between intravascular and distending pressures leads to underestimation of circulatory congestion in obesity
Authors: Obokata Masaru , Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Melenovsky Vojtech , Sorimachi Hidemi , Jarolim Petr , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsPatients with obesity frequently present with dyspnoea. Biomarkers that reflect wall stress are often used to evaluate circulatory congestion and help determine whether dyspnoea is of cardiac causes. Patients with obesity display greater external restraint on the heart, which may alter relationships between intravascular pressures and stress markers.Methods and resultsSubjects with unexplained dyspnoea (n = 212) underwent cardiac catheterization with simultaneous echocardiography. Blood sampling was performed in a subset (n = 58). Relationships between echocardiographic and blood biomarkers of circulatory congestion and directly‐measured haemodynamics were compared between participants with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2, Group B) and those without (BMI <35 kg/m2, Group A). Circulatory congestion was assessed by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and vascular distending pressure was assessed by left ventricular transmural pressure (LVTMP). As compared to Group A, participants in Group B displayed higher PCWP relative to N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide, troponin T, and growth differentiation factor‐15 (all p < 0.01). In contrast, the relationships between LVTMP and the biomarkers were superimposable. Echocardiographic biomarkers revealed the same pattern: PCWP was higher for any E/e′ ratio in Group B compared to Group A, but the relationship between LVTMP and E/e′ was similar. In contrast, levels of C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1 and mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin were more robustly correlated with PCWP (r = 0.67 and r = 0.62, both p < 0.0001), with no differential relationship based upon BMI.ConclusionsNon‐invasive haemodynamic markers underestimate circulatory congestion in patients with obesity, an effect that appears related to uncoupling between cardiac wall stress and intravascular pressures. This may lead to systematic under‐recognition of congestion in patients with obesity.
Strategies for the optimization of the structure of crystalline compounds
Authors: Pascale Fabien , D'Arco Philippe , Silvio Gentile Francesco , Dovesi Roberto 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhen different proposals exist (or can reasonably be formulated) for the size of the unit cell (in terms of number of atoms) and space group of crystalline compounds, a strategy for exploring with simulation methods the various cases and for investigating their relative stability must be defined. The optimization schemes of periodic quantum mechanical codes work in fact at fixed space group and number of atoms per unit cell, so that only the fractional coordinates of the atoms and the lattice parameters are optimized. A strategy is here presented, based on four standard tools, used synergistically and in sequence: (1) the optimization of inner coordinates and unit cell parameters; (2) the calculation of the vibrational frequencies not only at , but also at a set of points (in the example presented here they are eight, generated by a shrinking factor 2), looking for possible negative wavenumbers. The latter correspond to maxima, rather than minima, along the coordinate described by the corresponding normal mode; (3) the exploration of the total energy along the mode with negative wavenumber, looking for the minimum of the curve; (4) the identification of the new space group corresponding to the reduced symmetry resulting from the previous step. The strategy is illustrated with reference to the KMnF3 perovskite compound, for which many space groups are proposed in the literature, ranging from cubic to tetragonal and orthorhombic (Pnma and Cmcm) down to monoclinic (P21/m). The corresponding primitive cells contain 5, 10, and 20 atoms in the various cases, and the point symmetry reduces from 48 to 4 operators. In nature, the KMnF3 phase transitions also include the magnetic phases. For simplicity, here we limit the analysis to the ones that take place between ferromagnetic phases, as they are sufficiently rich for illustrating the proposed strategy. As the total energy differences involved can be as small as, say, 10–50 μHartree, a high numerical accuracy at each one of the steps mentioned above is required. The present calculations, performed with the CRYSTAL code, by using an all electron basis set and the Hartree‐Fock and B3LYP functionals, document such an accuracy. The energy difference between the tetragonal and cubic phases is 225 μHartree, with a volume reduction of 0.58 Å3; the differences between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are an order of magnitude smaller, being 23 μHartree and 0.06 Å3 for total energy and cell volume, respectively.
Soil bacterial community response to rhizoma peanut incorporation into Florida pastures
Authors: Guerra Victor A. , Beule Lukas , Mackowiak Cheryl L. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Blount Ann R. S. , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Rowland Diane L. , Liao Hui‐Ling 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncorporating legumes is one option for improving pasture fertility, sustainability, and biodiversity. Diazotrophic microorganisms, including rhizobia that form symbioses with legumes, represent a small fraction of the total soil microbial community. Yet, they can offset nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs through their ability to convert atmospheric N2 into plant‐usable N via biological N2 fixation (BNF). This study used amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to investigate soil bacterial community composition and diversity in grazed ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures where N fertilizer was supplanted with legume‐derived N from BNF in some treatments. Treatments consisted of bahiagrass fertilized with (a) mineral N (224 kg N ha–1 yr–1), (b) combination mineral N (34 kg N ha–1 yr–1) and legume‐derived N via cool‐season clover (CSC) (Trifolium spp.) mix, or (c) combination mineral N (34 kg N ha–1 yr–1) and legume‐derived N via CSC mix and strips of Ecoturf rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Bradyrhizobium spp. relative abundance was 44% greater in the mixed pasture. Other bacterial genera with BNF or denitrification potentials were greater in pastures with legumes, whereas sequences assigned to genera associated with high litter turnover were greater in bahiagrass pastures receiving only mineral N. Soil bacteria alpha diversity was greater in pastures receiving 34 kg ha–1 yr–1 N fertilizer application and the CSC mix than in pastures with the CSC mix and rhizoma peanut strips. Our results demonstrate soil microbial community shifts that may affect soil C and N cycling in pastures common to the southeastern United States.
Clinical liver transplant tolerance: Recent topics
Authors: Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppression is essential after organ transplantation to prevent severe graft injury due to rejection, but in long‐term, transplanted organs are generally accepted with minimal dose of immunosuppression, and adverse effects of it such as renal dysfunction, diabetes and development of malignancies might become to exceed over the benefits in majority of the cases. Accordingly, to achieve the immunologic tolerance has been the ultimate goal in organ transplantation, and the liver has been well recognized as the tolerogenic organ compared to other organs.MethodsWe referred the reported studies showing the actual protocol to achieve the immunologic tolerance after clinical liver transplantation.ResultsActually, two main procedures as “elective weaning of immunosuppression” and/or “cell therapy” using various immune‐related cells have been introduced to induce the immunologic tolerance in clinical liver transplantation. The cell therapy, especially using regulatory T‐cell has been reported to achieve definitive immunologic tolerance in living donor liver transplantation.ConclusionAlthough it is still developing, the induction of immunologic tolerance in clinical liver transplantation is realistic. Herein, the current topics of immunologic tolerance in liver transplantation is described.
Extracellular vesicles in inflammation: Focus on the microRNA cargo of EVs in modulation of liver diseases
Authors: Babuta Mrigya , Szabo Gyongyi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanometer-ranged particles that are released by cells under both normal and pathological conditions. EV cargo comprises of DNA, protein, lipids cargo, metabolites, mRNA, and non-coding RNA that can modulate the immune system by altering inflammatory response. EV associated miRNAs contribute to the pathobiology of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, acetaminophen-induced liver injury, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In context of liver diseases, EVs, via their cargo, alter the inflammatory response by communicating with different cell types within the liver and between liver and other organs. Here, the role of EVs and its associated miRNA in inter-cellular communication in different liver disease and as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target is reviewed.