bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barite-Free Non-Aqueous Drill-In Fluid System Maximizes Productivity in High Temperature Wells
Authors: Chimara Godwin , Amer Wael , L'Hostis Stephane , Leslie Philip 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Minimizing formation damage is vital for maximizing productivity when an openhole (slotted liner) completion strategy is used, and it is particularly challenging in high temperature wells with bottomhole static temperature approaching 190°C (374°F). A barite-weighted fluid system for such high temperature wells was identified as unsuitable due to lack of ability to remediate via acid treatment. This paper discusses how a customized barite-free non-aqueous drill-in fluid system was used to successfully achieve productivity objectives for three such wells.
Based on reservoir and well data provided, a 1.15 to 1.20 sg (9.60 to 10.0 lbm/gal) barite-free, non-aqueous drill-in fluid system was designed using a high density calcium chloride/calcium bromide brine as the internal phase to compensate for the absence of barite as a weighting agent. An engineered acid-soluble bridging package was included to protect the reservoir from excess filtrate invasion and allow for potential remediation by acid treatment at a later stage. The fluid system was subjected to formation response testing, and the results obtained proved satisfactory, confirming the fluid system was suited for drilling the reservoir. A similar solids-free system using higher density brine as the internal phase, was also formulated. This was spotted in the open hole once drilling was completed to help eliminate any potential for solids settling before running the slotted liner.
Three wells were successfully drilled and completed. The barite-free system remained stable, allowed for trouble-free fluids-handling and drilling operations, and performed as expected. To aid in minimizing fluid invasion into the reservoir, onsite particle size distribution (PSD) measurements were performed in order to optimize bridging material additions while drilling and enhance efficiency in managing the solids control system. Because of the extremely high bottomhole temperature, a mud cooler was installed to help control the flowline temperature below 60°C (140°F); this helped maintain fluid stability and preserve functionality of downhole tools in this hostile environment. The solids-free system was successfully spotted in the open hole after drilling the section before well completion. This eliminated any settling potential and reduced flowback of solids during production. The recorded productivity of these wells met expectations.
High Performance Computing on the Cloud Successfully Deployed for 3D Geosteering and Reservoir Mapping While Drilling
Authors: Salim Diogo , Thiel Michael , Nesttun Øyen Beate , Bakti Tan Kong , Denichou Jean-Michel , Krissetiawati Wibowo Vera , Zhang Desheng , Harms Kent , Etchebes Marie , Antonsen Frank , De Oliveira Maria Emilia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The successful drilling of horizontal wells targeting reservoir zones of interest can be challenged by uncertainties in geological interpretation, identification of structure, and properties of reservoirs and fluid distribution. Optimizing the well placement of high-angle wells in order to intercept the sweet spots is crucial for the total hydrocarbon recovery in any development field. Thus, the geosteering domain was implemented to provide in real time a reservoir mapping characterization together with directional control to achieve the key performance objectives. In the past, many innovative technologies have been introduced in geosteering discipline, among them lately the deep EM directional resistivity tool that provides 1D formation resistivity mapping while drilling.
However, despite the fact of delivering a multilayer mapping of the reservoir structure up to tens of meters away from wellbore, the real-time interpretation can be limited by this type of inversion. Since it is a 1D approach, these inversions map resistive boundaries on the vertical axis and assume infinite extend in all other directions. Consequently, in a complex geological setting, 1D approximation may fall short of properly describing the reservoir structure.
This communication describes how the introduction of the 2D azimuthal resistivity inversions while drilling was conducted and details the various innovations required in the domains of downhole logging while drilling (LWD) measurements transmission in addition to adaptation of inversion methodology for real-time deployment, mainly through the use of high-performance cloud computing. The final enablement was the execution of automated workflows to process and deliver these advanced inversions into an integrated 3D geomodelling software within the turnaround time of drilling operations.
This novel technology provides, while drilling, a better understanding of the 3D geological environment and fluid distribution with a deep depth of investigation, as well as the required information to make support for geosteering decisions for optimal well positioning. Initial field deployments were successfully conducted in horizontal wells, and three examples are presented here. Those real cases, executed with wire-drilled-pipe or mud-pulse telemetries, demonstrated the benefits of integrating 2D azimuthal inversions into the current geosteering workflow to provide a complete 3D structural understanding of the reservoir while drilling. This communication documents in detail how such an approach led to operational efficiency improvements in the form of 3D reservoir mapping in real-time, supporting a strategic change in the original well to turn toward the sweet spot, which was located sideways from the planned trajectory.
Intelligent Predictor for Polymer Viscosity to Enhance Support for EOR Processes
Authors: Khan Mohammad Rasheed , Kalam Shams , Asad Abdul , Khan Rizwan Ahmed , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Research into the use of polymers for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes has been going on for more than 6 decades and is now classified as a techno-commercially viable option. A comprehensive evaluation of the polymer's rheology is pivotal to the success of any polymer EOR process. Laboratory-based evaluation is critical to EOR success; however, it is also a time/capital consuming process. Consequently, any tool which can aid in optimizing lab tests design can bring in great value. Accordingly, in this study a novel predictive correlation for viscosity estimation of commonly used "FP 3330S" EOR polymer is presented through use of cutting-edge machine learning neural networks.
Mathematical equation for polymer viscosity is developed using machine learning algorithms as a function of polymer concentration, NaCl concentration, and Ca2+ concentration. The measured input data was collected from the literature and sub-divided into training and test sets. A wide-ranging optimization was performed to select the best parameters for the neural network which includes the number of neurons, neuron layers, activation functions between multiple layers, weights, and bias. Furthermore, the Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation algorithm was utilized to train the model. Finally, measured and estimated viscosities were compared based on error-analysis.
Novel correlation is developed for the polymer that can be used in predictive mode. This established correlation can predict polymer viscosity when applied to the test dataset and outperforms other published models with average error in the range of 3-5% and coefficient of determination in excess of 0.95. Moreover, it is shown that neural networks are faster and relatively better than other machine learning algorithms explored in this study. The proposed correlation can map non-linear relationships between polymer viscosity and other rheological parameters such as molecular weight, polymer concentration, and cation concentration of polymer solution. Lastly, through machine learning validation approach, it was possible to examine feasibility of the proposed models which is not done by traditional empirical equations.
A Case Study Using Integrated Multi Disciplinary Approach to Model Microseismic Events During Stimulation
Authors: Izadi Ghazal , Barton Colleen , Roux Pierre-Francois , Llobet Tebis , Pessoa Thiago , McGlynn Ian , Friedrichs Meagan , Fernandez Americo , Mathieu Jean-Philippe , Vinchon Matthieu , Onaisi Atef 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
For tight reservoirs where hydraulic fracturing is required to enable sufficient fluid mobility for economic production, it is critical to understand the placement of induced fractures, their connectivity, extent, and interaction with natural fractures within the system. Hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation mechanisms are greatly influenced by the effect of the stress state, rock fabric and pre-existing features (e.g. natural fractures, faults, weak bedding/laminations). A pre-existing natural fracture system can dictate the mode, orientation and size of the hydraulic fracture network. A better understanding of the fracture growth phenomena will enhance productivity and also reduce the environmental footprint as less fractures can be created in a much more efficient way. Assessing the role of natural fractures and their interaction with hydraulic fractures in order to account for them in the hydraulic fracture model is achieved by leveraging microseismicity. In this study, we have used a combination of borehole and surface microseismic monitoring to get high vertical resolution locations and source mechanisms. 3D numerical modelling of hydraulic fracturing in complex geological conditions to predict fracture propagation is essential. 3D hydraulic fracturing simulation includes modelling capabilities of stimulation parameters, true 3D fracture propagation with near wellbore 3D complexity including a coupled DFN and the associated microseismic event generation capability. A 3D hydraulic fracture model was developed and validated by matching model predictions to microseismic observations. Microseismic source mechanisms are leveraged to determine the location and geometry of pre-existing features. In this study, we simulate a DFN based on the recorded seismicity of multi stage hydraulic fractures in a horizontal well. The advanced 3D hydraulic fracture modelling software can integrate effectively and efficiently data from a variety of multi-disciplinary sources and scales to create a subsurface characterization of the unconventional reservoir. By incorporating data from 3D seismic, LWD/wireline, core, completion/stimulation monitoring, and production, the software generates a holistic reservoir model embedded in a modular, multi-physics software platform of coupled numerical solvers that capture the fundamental physics of the processes being modelled. This study illustrates the importance of a powerful software tool that captures the necessary physics of stimulation to predict the effects of various completion designs and thereby ensure the most accurate representation of an unconventional reservoir response to a stimulation treatment.
The Influence of Main Factors on Deepwater Sediments
Authors: Khitrenko Anton , Minkhatova Adelia , Orlov Vladimir , Kotunov Dmitriy , Khalilov Salavat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Western Siberia is a unique petroleum basin with exclusive geological objects. Those objects allow us to test various methods of sequence stratigraphy, systematization and evaluation approaches for reservoir characterization of deep-water sediments. Different methods have potential to decrease geological uncertainty and predict distribution and architecture of deep-water sandstone reservoir. There are many different parameters that could be achieved through analysis of clinoform complex. Trajectories of shelf break, volume of sediment supply and topography of basin influence on architecture of deep-water reservoir.
Based on general principles of sequence stratigraphy, three main trajectories changes shelf break might be identified: transgression, normal regression and forced regression. And each of them has its own distinctive characteristics of deepwater reservoir. However, to properly assess the architecture of deepwater reservoir and potential of it, numerical characteristics are necessary. In our paper, previously described parameters were analyzed for identification perspective areas of Achimov formation in Western Siberia and estimation of geological uncertainty for unexplored areas.
In 1996 Helland-Hansen W., Martinsen O.J. [5] described different types of shoreline trajectory. In 2002 Steel R.J., Olsen T. [11] adopted types of shoreline trajectory for identification of truncation termination. O. Catuneanu (2009) [1] summarize all information with implementation basis of sequence stratigraphy. Over the past decade, many geoscientists have used previously published researches to determine relationship between geometric structures of clinoforms and architecture of deep-water sediments and its reservoir quality. Significant amount of publications has allowed to form theoretical framework for the undersanding sedimentation process and geometrical configuration of clinoforms. However, there is still no relationship between sequence stratigraphy framework of clinoroms and reservoir quality and its uncertainty, which is necessary for new area evaluation.
Challenging the Status Quo Leads to Enhanced Drilling Performance
Authors: Sehsah Ossama , Bautista Sayago Oscar , Newman Tom , Mounzer Fadi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The technology described in this paper has been developed to challenge the shortcomings of the 40+ year old conventional blade stabilizer. The focus of this paper is to compare drilling performance on two lateral well sections against conventional spiral blade stabilizers. The comparison will highlight the noticeable improvement in drilling performance through analysis of relevant drilling parameters.
The new design stabilizer, referred to in this paper as Innovative Drillstring Stabilizer (IDS), can be positioned in the drill string as you would typically do with a conventional spiral blade stabilizer or roller reamer. The design, however, is considerably different. The opened profile, placement and contour of the blades are designed to enhance energy transfer and flow along the tool, improving the transportation of cuttings around the tool while minimizing the occurrences of balling up. The orientation and dome shape of the blades is designed to reduce friction and torque, reduce vibration, improve weight transfer and when slide drilling minimizing the occurrence of hanging up and motor stalls. The engineered drillstring stabilizer was deployed in two wells for trial and technology acceptance purpose. An 8" OD innovative drillstring stabilizer was used as part of a steerable motor bottom hole assembly (BHA) in an integrated operations project. An in-depth performance comparison study was conducted by a specialized and independent third party between two identical BHAs. One (BHA-1), however, included conventional spiral blade stabilizers while the other (BHA-2) adopted the innovative drillstring stabilizers.
The pioneering design of the IDS in BHA-2 contributed to reducing the overall torque and aiding in better weight transfer and drilling efficiency. It was possible to apply more weight and the energy transfer to the bit, based on mechanical specific energy (MSE) calculations, showed more efficient drilling conditions. As a result, the ROP, both rotating and sliding showed significant improvement with an overall increase of more than 30%. Better stabilization with BHA-2 aided in less vibration and no motor stalls. In addition, while pulling out of hole, lower hook loads were observed due to the enhanced hole cleaning features, improved hole condition and less friction along the string components. When back on surface no indications of balling-up were observed either.
Today, drilling related inefficiencies, in the form of low ROP, non-productive time, damages beyond repair or stuck pipe and lost in hole incidents costs the oil and gas industry millions of dollars on an annual basis. The IDS is designed and proved to address such dysfunctions and improve drilling performance and efficiency while simultaneously stimulates a lower MSE drilling environment.
Matrix Dielectric Permittivity for Enhanced Formation Evaluation
Authors: Abdallah Wael , Al-Zoukani Ahmad , Ma Shouxiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Modern dielectric tools are often run to obtain fundamental formation properties, such as remaining oil saturation, water-filled porosity, and brine salinity. Techniques to extract more challenging reservoir petrophysical properties like Archie m and n parameters are also emerging. The accuracy and representativeness of the obtained petrophysical parameters depend on the input parameter accuracy, such as matrix permittivity. In carbonates, matrix permittivity is known to vary over a wide range, for example, limestone matrix permittivity reported in the literature ranges from 7.5 to 9.2. The main objective of the current study is to reduce matrix dielectric permittivity uncertainty for enhanced formation evaluation in carbonate reservoirs. All dielectric measurements were conducted on 1.5 in. carbonate plug samples by means of a coaxial reflection probe with a range of frequency between 10 MHz and 1 GHz. To calculate matrix mineral dielectric permittivity, sample porosity must be obtained. Stress-corrected helium porosity from routine core analysis is used and samples mineralogy and chemical composition are measured by X-Ray diffraction. Dielectric system calibration is done by utilizing several well-characterized standards with known dielectric properties. Calcite and dolomite matrix permittivity are assessed by laboratory measurements. Results of this study and based on data from 180 core plugs allowed to assess the validity of the defined errors by statistical analysis, resulting in much reduced uncertainties in carbonate rock matrix dielectric permittivity; thus enhancing formation evaluation using dielectric measurements. The current study provides better control on dielectric permittivity values used in dielectric log interpretation for limestone formations. Such knowledge will provide better confidence in interpreted data such as water-filled porosity, flushed zone salinity and water phase tortuosity.
Innovative Spinner Design Aids in Flow Characterization and Production Optimization of a Multistage Frac Well
Authors: Agrawal Gaurav , Kumar Ajit , Singh Rajvardhan , Gupta Alekh , Kundi Puneet Kanwar Singh , Mukerji Parijat 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An operator working in Indian western land reservoirs, planned to develop a low-permeability, high potential reservoir with hydraulic fracturing. In the pilot project, production behavior of the initial wells was below expectation. As a diagnostic procedure few of the wells were attempted with memory coiled tubing-assisted production logging to record production log data and identify the root cause behind poor performance. Apart from the horizontal trajectory, major challenges associated with this approach included the low flow rate (150-200bbl) and expectation of frac fluid inside the wellbore due to inadequate cleaning. As a result, all the attempts for effective diagnosis were inconclusive. Moreover, absence of critical input such as individual stage frac evaluation demanded attention in order to optimize completion quality (CQ) and conclude effective fracturing and completion strategy prior to full field development planning.
Addressing the challenges and with an aim to provide the critical inputs required for reservoir characterization and production optimization, a multi-spinner production logging tool with new innovative spinner design and multi-electrical and optical sensors were proposed on cased-hole tractor in order to resolve the complex flow profiles associated with the low flow rates and horizontal well trajectory.
The newly configured spinners with innovative spinner design material lowered the spinner threshold from 2ft/min to 1ft/min for multipass logging in lab tests. It also optimized the magnetic field distribution to ensure less accretion of debris on the spinner (causing spinners to clog) without compromising measurement accuracy.
With well production being 200 bbl at the time of logging, the multi-spinner survey with innovative spinner design clearly resolved the dynamic changes across the borehole during multi bean data acquisition. Overcoming the major interpretation challenge of isolating the dynamic changes in the wellbore due to borehole trajectory and due to fracturing stage, individual stage frac flow contributions were evaluated. Stage frac productivity correlated very well with the frac operation parameters, reservoir quality and completion quality. Apart from individual contributions, key findings such as activation of few frac stages at high drawdown pressures, increasing gas contribution from toe to heel and resolving presence of leftover frac fluid in the well, exceeded the expectations set by the client in terms of the objectives vs. results.
This success clearly demonstrated that knowledge of downhole dynamics for horizontal trajectory is vital. This is not limited only to address the individual well requirement, but an integrated approach would help to optimize future wells through better understanding of reservoir productivity vs frac operation and completion quality (CQ).
The Feasibility and Acceptability of Project POWER: A Cognitive-Behavioral Mindfulness-Infused Group-Based Mental and Sexual Health Intervention Among Young Pregnant Women in Liberia
Authors: Callands Tamora A. , Hylick Kandyce , Desrosiers Alethea , Gilliam Shantesica M. , Taylor Erica N. , Hunter Josalin J. , Hansen Nathan B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Following 14 years of civil war in Liberia, war-exposure, gender-based violence, and extreme poverty have been identified as key challenges to the mental and sexual health of young pregnant women, and the health of their unborn children. Despite ongoing efforts to rebuild the country’s healthcare infrastructure, empirical research and interventions focused on addressing the consequences of war on the mental and sexual health of young pregnant women in Liberia are severely limited. To address these concerns, we developed Project POWER (Progressing Our Well-being, Emotions, and Relationships) (POWER), a mindfulness-infused cognitive-behavioral intervention for young adult pregnant women. This study sought to: 1) assess the feasibility and acceptability of POWER; and (2) determine the preliminary efficacy of POWER for improving mental and sexual health outcomes among Liberian war-exposed pregnant young adult women.
Methods
Eighty-seven women ages 18-25 years were recruited from three catchment areas in Monrovia, Liberia. Participants participated in one of two ten-session programs delivered over 5-weeks: POWER or a control group (a health education program). Feasibility and acceptability of POWER were examined using program log (e.g., the number of participants screened and enrolled, facilitator satisfaction, etc.) data from an exit interview.
Results
Preliminary efficacy of POWER’s effects on mental and sexual health outcomes was assessed using a series of four one-way repeated measures ANOVA with time and group as predictors. Analyses provided preliminary support for the feasibility and acceptability of POWER. Preliminary efficacy of POWER showed significant reductions in depression symptoms, PTSD symptoms, prenatal distress, and transactional sex over time.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that POWER may be a feasible and acceptable intervention to promote mental and sexual health for young adult pregnant women in Liberia. Future research is needed to determine the efficacy of POWER on a larger scale in Liberia.