bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solving the sample size problem for resource selection functions
Authors: Street Garrett M. , Potts Jonathan R. , Börger Luca , Beasley James C. , Demarais Stephen , Fryxell John M. , McLoughlin Philip D. , Monteith Kevin L. , Prokopenko Christina M. , Ribeiro Miltinho C. , Rodgers Arthur R. , Strickland Bronson K. , van Beest Floris M. , Bernasconi David A. , Beumer Larissa T. , Dharmarajan Guha , Dwinnell Samantha P. , Keiter David A. , Keuroghlian Alexine , Newediuk Levi J. , Oshima Júlia Emi F. , Rhodes Olin , Schlichting Peter E. , Schmidt Niels M. , Vander Wal Eric 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Sample size sufficiency is a critical consideration for estimating resource selection functions (RSFs) from GPS‐based animal telemetry. Cited thresholds for sufficiency include a number of captured animals and as many relocations per animal N as possible. These thresholds render many RSF‐based studies misleading if large sample sizes were truly insufficient, or unpublishable if small sample sizes were sufficient but failed to meet reviewer expectations.

We provide the first comprehensive solution for RSF sample size by deriving closed‐form mathematical expressions for the number of animals M and the number of relocations per animal N required for model outputs to a given degree of precision. The sample sizes needed depend on just 3 biologically meaningful quantities: habitat selection strength, variation in individual selection and a novel measure of landscape complexity, which we define rigorously. The mathematical expressions are calculable for any environmental dataset at any spatial scale and are applicable to any study involving resource selection (including sessile organisms). We validate our analytical solutions using globally relevant empirical data including 5,678,623 GPS locations from 511 animals from 10 species (omnivores, carnivores and herbivores living in boreal, temperate and tropical forests, montane woodlands, swamps and Arctic tundra).

Our analytic expressions show that the required M and N must decline with increasing selection strength and increasing landscape complexity, and this decline is insensitive to the definition of availability used in the analysis. Our results demonstrate that the most biologically relevant effects on the utilization distribution (i.e. those landscape conditions with the greatest absolute magnitude of resource selection) can often be estimated with much fewer than animals.

We identify several critical steps in implementing these equations, including (a) a priori selection of expected model coefficients and (b) regular sampling of background (pseudoabsence) data within a given definition of availability. We discuss possible methods to identify a priori expectations for habitat selection coefficients, effects of scale on RSF estimation and caveats for rare species applications. We argue that these equations should be a mandatory component for all future RSF studies.
Bordering practices
Authors: ACHTNICH MARTHE 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn Libya's context of fragmented state authority, what does it mean for sub‐Saharan migrants to be legible to state and criminal actors through their bodies rather than through the law? How do they experience and navigate precarity? Examining informal bordering practices in Libya reveals a mode of migration governance that is based less on legally restricting mobility and more on allowing uncertainty to proliferate and on exploiting migrants’ lives. In this system, certain bodies become targets for policing according to their skin color, documents, and blood tests, which can lead migrants to be extorted for money and detained. Migrants cope with such informal borderwork through affective labor. This plays a vital role in shaping their mobility decisions. By linking informal bordering practices with affect and mobilities, we can recast formal, state‐centered ideas about migration governance. [mobility, migration, bordering practices, affect, Libya]
Growth performance responses to increased tryptophan supplementation in growing barrows fed three different very low crude protein corn and soybean meal‐based diets fortified with essential amino acids
Authors: Sato Hiroyuki , Miura Makoto , Fujieda Takeshi , Taciak Marcin , Kikusato Motoi , Sato Kan , Toyomizu Masaaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeventy‐five individually fed barrows averaging 35 kg were used in a series of three experiments for 6‐week growth assays (25 barrows each) to determine the effects of l‐tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on growth performance and to establish the lower limits of dietary crude protein (CP) levels. Corn and soybean meal (SBM)‐based diets containing 9% (Experiment 1), 10% (Experiment 2), and 11% CP (Experiment 3) fortified with deficient essential amino acids (AAs) except Trp were used as basal diets for each experiment. The experimental diets were supplemented with 0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, or 0.06% Trp. A 16% CP corn–SBM‐based diet was set as a positive control in each experiment, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Average daily gain and gain‐to‐feed ratio improved quadratically (P < 0.05) as supplemented Trp increased in the 9% and 10% CP group, although these positive effects were not observed in the 11% CP group. Because the maximum performance parameters in 9%, 10%, and 11% CP groups were not different from that of the 16% CP positive control group, the marginally reduced level of dietary CP without growth performance being affected appears to be around 9% at most. A potential reduction of nitrogen intake was clearly indicated.
Impact of antibiotic allergy labels on patient outcomes in a tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Catalano Anthony C. , Pittet Laure F. , Choo Sharon , Segal Ahuva , Stephens David , Cranswick Noel E. , Gwee Amanda 
Published: August 2021

AimsAntibiotic allergies are reported in 5–15% of children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of common β‐lactam antibiotic allergy labels (AALs) on hospital treatment, focusing on length of stay and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study over 21 months at the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. A subset of children with the most common β‐lactam allergies, and who required admission for intravenous antibiotics over a 12‐month period, was analysed for appropriateness of prescribing. Non‐allergic patients were matched to evaluate associations between AALs and hospital treatment.ResultsThere were 98 912 children admitted over the study period, of whom 938 (1%) had at least one AAL on first admission. Of all encounters, 5145 (2.5%) were for children with AALs. The most common AALs were to amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid combinations (40.8%), cefalexin (14.4%) and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (9.7%). For the subset, there were 66 admissions for children who required intravenous antibiotics. Documentation was adequate for 27% of AALs. Inappropriate prescribing occurred in almost half (47%). Hospital stay was longer for children with AALs (median 4.7 days; IQR 2.3–9.2) compared to non‐allergic controls (median 3.9 days; IQR 1.9–6.8; P = .02). Children with AALs were more likely to receive restricted antibiotics (aOR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.45–6.30; P = .003).ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate high rates of inappropriate prescribing in children with AALs. Children with AALs were significantly more likely to receive restricted antibiotics and had a longer length of stay compared with non‐allergic controls.
Re‐calibrating pure risk integrating individual data from two‐phase studies with external summary statistics
Authors: Zheng Jiayin , Zheng Yingye , Hsu Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccurate risk assessment is critical in clinical decision‐making. It entails the projected risk based on a risk prediction model agreeing with the observed risk in the target cohort. However, the model often over‐ or under‐estimates the risk. Building a new model for the target cohort would be ideal but costly. It is therefore of great interest to recalibrate an existing model for the target cohort. Existing methods have been proposed to recalibrate the model by leveraging the disease incidence rates from the target cohort. However, they assume the same covariate distribution across cohorts and when the assumption is violated, the recalibrated model can be substantially biased. Further, recalibration is also complicated by the two‐phase sampling design that is commonly used for developing risk prediction models. In this paper, we develop a weighted estimating‐equation approach accounting for the two‐phase design and combine it with a weighted empirical likelihood that leverages the summary information on both disease incidence rates and covariates from the target cohort. We provide a resampling‐based inference procedure. Our extensive simulation results show that using the summary information from the target population, the proposed recalibration method yields nearly unbiased risk estimates under a wide range of scenarios. An application to a colorectal cancer study also illustrates that the proposed method yields a well‐calibrated model in the target cohort.
Delta‐to‐fan source‐to‐sink coupling as a fundamental control on the delivery of coarse clastics to deepwater: Insights from stratigraphic forward modelling
Authors: Gong Chenglin , Li Dongwei , Steel Ronald J. , Peng Yang , Xu Shaohua , Wang Yingmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe propose that a more readily studied, secondary source‐to‐sink (S2S) systems can be formed on direct‐fed margins, in which shelf‐edge deltas are ‘sources’ and deep‐water fans are terminal depositional ‘sinks’, with channels working as delivery ‘conduits’ in between. DionisosFlow stratigraphic‐forward model, coupled to seismic and borehole data from middle Miocene Pearl River margin, are used to explore physical and conceptual linkages of delta‐to‐fan S2S systems, with a focus on the predictability of when and how coarse clastics are delivered from the deltas down to the submarine fans. Middle Miocene Pearl River delta‐to‐fan S2S coupling was stratigraphically enacted in three main ways: (a) deltas that lack downdip fans: high sea level or low sediment supply caused coarse clastics to be stored mainly on inner to outer shelf areas; (b) deltas that are linked downdip to fans: coarse clastics were funneled to submarine fans through slope channels, via direct delta‐to‐fan S2S linkages created by delta overreach at shelf break or channels extending back to shelf‐margin prodeltas; (c) fans that lack updip, coeval deltas: coarse shelf clastics were carried laterally by longshore or other shelf currents, but eventually captured by canyon heads, and then delivered directly to the basin floor. Moreover, our DionisosFlow stratigraphic‐forward models suggest that an oscillation in sea‐level behaviour from slowly falling to rapidly falling would result in a within‐system tract surface occurring within the falling‐stage systems tract. This surface is identified as a significant lower‐order unconformity in its proximal reaches and as a correlative conformity distally. Within‐system tract surfaces are identified by a change in shelf‐edge trajectory regimes from flat to slight falling to moderately falling and in architecture from mixed progradation and degradation to dominant degradation. They are coeval with the onset of the deposition of submarine fans linked updip to deltas or lacking updip deltas, highlighting that sandy deposits can be compartmentalized even within a single systems tract.
Identification of a peptide binding to cancer antigen Kita‐kyushu lung cancer antigen 1 from a phage‐display library
Authors: Yu Xiaoxiao , Yan Jiayao , Chen Xiaotong , Wei Jia , Yu Lixia , Liu Fangcen , Li Lin , Liu Baorui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractKita‐kyushu lung cancer antigen 1 (KK‐LC‐1) is a kind of cancer‐testis antigen with anti‐tumor potential for clinical application. As a class of small‐molecule antigen conjugate, tumor‐targeting peptides have broad application prospects in gastric cancer diagnosis, imaging, and biological treatment. Here, we screened specific cyclic nonapeptides from a phage‐display library. The targeting peptide with the best affinity was selected and further verified in ex vivo tissue sections. Finally, enrichment of targeting peptides in tumor tissues was observed in vivo, and the dynamic biodistribution process was also observed with micro‐positron emission tomography (micro‐PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Studies showed that the specific cyclic nonapeptide had a high binding capacity for KK‐LC‐1 protein. It has a strong affinity and specificity for KK‐LC‐1‐expressing positive tumor cells. Targeting peptides were significantly enriched at tumor sites in vivo, with very low normal tissue background. These findings demonstrated that the KK‐LC‐1 targeting peptide has high clinical potential.
A commitment to marginalized children in the European Union: The hope and challenges of the EU Child Guarantee
Authors: Rigby Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile children in general are usually seen as a societal priority, many children are disadvantaged by marginalization, with adverse effects on health and development. Following feasibility studies, the European Commission has now adopted a formal Child Guarantee of service access. This paper links the Feasibility Studies to other reports on the need to address marginalized and institutionalized children. The problems in identifying and quantifying such children are outlined, as are the challenges of planning for these groups of children and the difficulty of finding universal definitions and data. This European Union initiative is timely, given that around a quarter of European children are marginalized, while the effects of Covid‐19 will add to this marginalization.
A conservation roadmap for the subterranean biome
Authors: Wynne J. Judson , Howarth Francis G. , Mammola Stefano , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes , Cardoso Pedro , Lorenzo Tiziana Di , Galassi Diana M. P. , Medellin Rodrigo A. , Miller Bruce W. , Sánchez‐Fernández David , Bichuette Maria Elina , Biswas Jayant , BlackEagle Cory W. , Boonyanusith Chaichat , Amorim Isabel R. , Borges Paulo Alexandre Vieira , Boston Penelope J. , Cal Reynold N. , Cheeptham Naowarat , Deharveng Louis , Eme David , Faille Arnaud , Fenolio Danté , Fišer Cene , Fišer Žiga , ʻOhukaniʻōhiʻa Gon Samuel M. , Goudarzi Forough , Griebler Christian , Halse Stuart , Hoch Hannelore , Kale Enock , Katz Aron D. , Kováč Ľubomír , Lilley Thomas M. , Manchi Shirish , Manenti Raoul , Martínez Alejandro , Meierhofer Melissa B. , Miller Ana Z. , Moldovan Oana Teodora , Niemiller Matthew L. , Peck Stewart B. , Pellegrini Thais Giovannini , Pipan Tanja , Phillips‐Lander Charity M. , Poot Celso , Racey Paul A. , Sendra Alberto , Shear William A. , Silva Marconi Souza , Taiti Stefano , Tian Mingyi , Venarsky Michael P. , Pakarati Sebastián Yancovic , Zagmajster Maja , Zhao Yahui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe 15th UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (COP15) will be held in Kunming, China in October 2021. Historically, CBDs and other multilateral treaties have either alluded to or entirely overlooked the subterranean biome. A multilateral effort to robustly examine, monitor, and incorporate the subterranean biome into future conservation targets will enable the CBD to further improve the ecological effectiveness of protected areas by including groundwater resources, subterranean ecosystem services, and the profoundly endemic subsurface biodiversity. To this end, we proffer a conservation roadmap that embodies five conceptual areas: (1) science gaps and data management needs; (2) anthropogenic stressors; (3) socioeconomic analysis and conflict resolution; (4) environmental education; and (5) national policies and multilateral agreements.
The importance of message framing in rule compliance by visitors during wildlife tourism
Authors: Gessa Simplicious J. , Rothman Jessica M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA conundrum of wildlife tourism is balancing wildlife conservation and tourist satisfaction. Mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei) are a flagship species for biodiversity and there is worldwide interest in gorilla trekking safaris. This tourism provides substantial revenue to the government and local communities for gorilla protection, but puts them in danger of zoonotic diseases. To minimize disease transmission, health guidelines are in place for visitors whereby they are asked to remain 7 m from the endangered apes and stay in a cohesive group. Unfortunately, tourists often do not follow these rules and consequently their behavior puts gorillas at risk. The pre‐trekking messages presented to tourists in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda were changed to determine if the way messages are stated affects visitor adherence to rules. Tourists (n = 389) either received strategic messages that were positively or negatively framed in relation to expectations to follow specific rules to adhere to health guidelines, and tourist behavior was measured, such as the nearest distance they were to gorillas, and their cohesiveness. Using generalized linear mixed models, it was found that framing messages affected tourist behavior. Tourists who received a negatively framed message had a higher adherence to rules than those who received a positive or control message. They were 75% further from the gorillas (7.26 vs. 4.52 m), more cohesive (0.40 vs. 0.81 m to each other), and approached the gorillas less (0.34 vs. 1.32 times) than the control message. These findings demonstrate that communicating in different ways promotes changes in behavior by tourists, which reduces the chances of epizootic respiratory infections being passed to vulnerable animals. Strategic message framing should be widely considered as a cost‐effective mechanism to promote behavior change during ecotourism.
Impact of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on outcome of kidney transplantations from braindead donors aged ≥65 years
Authors: Echterdiek Fabian , Kitterer Daniel , Dippon Jürgen , Paul Gregor , Schwenger Vedat , Latus Joerg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with a history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and subsequent brain death are frequently evaluated for organ donation. Whether kidneys from ≥65‐year‐old braindead donors with a history of CPR can be transplanted with satisfactory outcomes is unknown.Material & MethodsAll kidney transplants (KTs) from ≥65‐year‐old donors performed at our center from 1999 to 2018 (n = 185) were retrospectively analyzed and outcome was compared for KTs from donors with and without a history of CPR (n = 27 and n = 158, respectively).ResultsNo significant differences in the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) as well as 1‐ and 3‐year graft function were observed between the CPR and the no‐CPR group (DGF: 26.0% vs. 31.0%, p = .76; 1‐year serum creatinine: 150.4 μmol/L vs. 177.0 μmol/L, p = .11; 3‐year serum creatinine: 150.4 μmol/L vs. 168.2 μmol/L, p = .52, respectively). Death‐censored graft survival was comparable after 1 and 5 years (CPR group: 81.5% and 76.7% vs. no‐CPR group: 86.6% and 75.7%, p = .70). Likewise, patient survival was not significantly different. Multivariable Cox regression analysis also did not identify CPR as a significant risk factor for graft loss or death.ConclusionOur study suggests that, following stringent donor selection, the outcome of KTs from ≥65‐year‐old braindead donors with and without a history of CPR is comparable.
Metabolomic alteration induced by psychotropic drugs: Short‐term metabolite profile as a predictor of weight gain evolution
Authors: Lenski Marie , Sidibé Jonathan , Gholam Mehdi , Hennart Benjamin , Dubath Céline , Augsburger Marc , von Gunten Armin , Conus Philippe , Allorge Delphine , Thomas Aurelien , Eap Chin B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPsychotropic drugs can induce strong metabolic adverse effects, potentially increasing morbidity and/or mortality of patients. Metabolomic profiling, by studying the levels of numerous metabolic intermediates and products in the blood, allows a more detailed examination of metabolism dysfunctions. We aimed to identify blood metabolomic markers associated with weight gain in psychiatric patients. Sixty‐two patients starting a treatment known to induce weight gain were recruited. Two hundred and six selected metabolites implicated in various pathways were analyzed in plasma, at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. Additionally, 15 metabolites of the kynurenine pathway were quantified. This latter analysis was repeated in a confirmatory cohort of 24 patients. Among the 206 metabolites, a plasma metabolomic fingerprint after 1 month of treatment embedded 19 compounds from different chemical classes (amino acids, acylcarnitines, carboxylic acids, catecholamines, nucleosides, pyridine, and tetrapyrrole) potentially involved in metabolic disruption and inflammation processes. The predictive potential of such early metabolite changes on 3 months of weight evolution was then explored using a linear mixed‐effects model. Of these 19 metabolites, short‐term modifications of kynurenine, hexanoylcarnitine, and biliverdin, as well as kynurenine/tryptophan ratio at 1 month, were associated with 3 months weight evolution. Alterations of the kynurenine pathway were confirmed by quantification, in both exploratory and confirmatory cohorts. Our metabolomic study suggests a specific metabolic dysregulation after 1 month of treatment with psychotropic drugs known to induce weight gain. The identified metabolomic signature could contribute in the future to the prediction of weight gain in patients treated with psychotropic drugs.
Kollektive menschliche Intelligenz übertrifft künstliche Intelligenz in einem Quiz zur Klassifizierung von Hautläsionen
Authors: Winkler Julia K. , Sies Katharina , Fink Christine , Toberer Ferdinand , Enk Alexander , Abassi Mohamed Souhayel , Fuchs Tobias , Blum Andreas , Stolz Wilhelm , Coras‐Stepanek Brigitte , Cipic Robert , Guther Stefanie , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleFaltende neuronale Netzwerke (CNN) ermöglichen eine exakte Diagnose medizinischer Bilder und erzielen eine vergleichbare oder überlegene Leistung gegenüber Ärzten. Kürzlich wurde eine diagnostische Überlegenheit der kollektiven menschlichen Intelligenz (CoHI, Mehrheitsvotum) gegenüber einzelnen Ärzten gezeigt. In unserer Arbeit wurde die diagnostische Leistung der CoHI (120 Dermatologen) gegenüber individuellen Dermatologen gegenüber zwei hochmodernen CNN untersucht.Patienten und MethodenQuerschnittstudie mit Präsentation von 30 klinisch/dermatoskopischen Fällen an 120 Dermatologen. Sechs Diagnosen standen zur Auswahl. Antworten wurden über Abstimmungsgeräte erhoben (quizzbox®, Quizzbox Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, Deutschland). Dermatoskopische Bilder wurden mit einem binären und einem Multiklassen‐CNN klassifiziert (beide FotoFinder Systems GmbH, Bad Birnbach, Deutschland). Die diagnostische Leistung dreier diagnostischer Gruppen wurde bestimmt: (1) CoHI, (2) individuelle Dermatologen und (3) CNN.ErgebnisseBei binärer Klassifizierung erreichte CoHI eine signifikant höhere diagnostische Genauigkeit [95 %‐Konfidenzintervall] (80,0 % [62,7 %–90,5 %]) gegenüber individuellen Dermatologen (75,7 % [73,8 %–77,5 %]) und CNN (70,0 % [52,1 %–83,3 %]; alle P < 0,001). Außerdem erreichte CoHI eine höhere Sensitivität (82,4 % [59,0 %–93,8 %]) und Spezifität (76,9 % [49,7 %–91,8 %]) gegenüber individuellen Dermatologen (Sensitivität 77,8 % [75,3 %–80,2 %], Spezifität 73,0 % [70,6 %–75,4 %]) und CNN (Sensitivität 70,6 % [46,9 %–86,7 %], Spezifität 69,2 % [42,4 %–87,3 %]). Bei Multiklassen‐Auswertung war die diagnostische Genauigkeit von CoHI derjenigen individueller Dermatologen überlegen (P < 0,001), die wiederum eine dem Multiklassen‐CNN vergleichbare Genauigkeit erzielten.SchlussfolgerungenIn einem anspruchsvollen Quiz zur Diagnose von Hautläsionen war das Mehrheitsvotum einer Gruppe von Dermatologen (CoHI) dem Ergebnis einzelner Ärzte sowie zweier CNN überlegen.