bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Anatase/Brookite Mixed Phase TiO2 Nanostructures and its Photocatalytic Performance Study
Authors: Jawale Niteen S. , Arbuj Sudhir S. , Umarji Govind G. , Rane Sunit B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe TiO2 nanostructures were prepared using hydrothermal reaction technique at different reaction temperatures viz., 120 °C, 160 °C, and 200 °C for 24 h. The synthesized TiO2 nanostructures was characterised by various spectroscopic techniques. XRD indicate the formation of highly crystalline nano size particles of anatase phase of TiO2 along with minor percentage of brookite phase. Diffuse reflectance UV‐Visible spectroscopy depicts the band gap around 3.2 eV. The FE‐SEM shows formation of spherical particles having size in the range of 5 to 10 nm, however the small particles tend to agglomerate leading to the formation of submicron size clusters. TEM analysis confirms the formation of nanostructured TiO2 having size in the range of 5 to 10 nm with distorted spherical shaped morphology. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized TiO2 was investigated by observing the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye and H2 generation via water splitting under 400 W mercury vapour lamp respectively. Among the prepared samples, the TiO2 prepared at 160 °C, showed highest MB degradation (97 %) within 1 h of irradiation time. The photocatalytic H2 generation via water splitting was also investigated and found to be highest for TiO2 prepared at 160 °C, the observed rate of H2 generation was 3848 μmol/0.1 g in 4 h is almost twelve fold higher than the pure anatase phase.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Sacubitril
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Gehlawat Anju , Prakash Ranjana , Pandey Satyendra Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective approach of Sacubitril 1 (a NEP inhibitor) which is used as a combination drug with Valsartan to treat heart failure, is described. The synthesis features the Evan's asymmetric alkylation, Sharpless asymmetric diydroxylation (AD) and Heck coupling reactions as key steps.
Exploration of Two Different Strategies in Near IR Absorbing Boron Dipyrromethene Derivatives for Photodynamic and Bioimaging Purposes
Authors: Can Büşra , Çakmak Yusuf 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method for the treatment of non‐oncological diseases and different types of cancers. Here, we report the synthesis and photophysical investigations of two different near IR absorbing classes of Boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) photosensitizers to be used in PDT and for fluorescent bioimaging purposes. Successful utilization of benzofused Bodipy derivatives in other areas have encouraged us to exploit singlet oxygen generation abilities in comparison to a unique distyryl derivative (STBOD). In vitro cytotoxicity and fluorescence microscopy studies revealed that benzofused derivative (BFBOD) is an effective PDT agent at concentrations as low as 40 nM. Analysis with singlet oxygen trap molecule shows that distyryl derivative is more effective in terms of singlet oxygen formation ability. Furthermore, the same compound has higher fluorescence quantum yield. Novel agents including benzofused Bodipy derivatives are used for the first time by this study to expand the photosensitizer pool so to be used for various applications.
Electrophysiological Characterization of Photoreceptor-Like Cells in Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Organoids During in Vitro Maturation
Authors: Li Lingyun , Zhao Huan , Xie Haohuan , Akhtar Tasneem , Yao Yichuan , Cai Yuan , Dong Kai , Gu Yonghao , Bao Jin , Chen Jutao , Zhang Mei , Zhong Kai , Xu Weiping , Xue Tian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Retinal organoids (ROs) derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibit considerable therapeutic potential. However, current quality control of ROs during in vitro differentiation is largely limited to the detection of molecular markers, often by immunostaining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and sequencing, often without proper functional assessments. As such, in the current study, we systemically characterized the physiological maturation of photoreceptor-like cells in hiPSC-derived ROs. By performing patch-clamp recordings from photoreceptor-like cells in ROs at distinct differentiation stages (ie, Differentiation Day [D]90, D150, and D200), we determined the electrophysiological properties of the plasma membrane and several characteristic ion channels closely associated with the physiological functions of the photoreceptors. Ionic hallmarks, such as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, matured progressively during differentiation. After D200 in culture, these characteristic currents closely resembled those in macaque or human native photoreceptors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the hyperpolarization-activated inward current/depolarization-activated outward current ratio (I−120/I+40), termed as the inward-outward current (IOC) ratio hereon, accurately represented the maturity of photoreceptors and could serve as a sensitive indicator of pathological state. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive dataset describing the electrophysiological maturation of photoreceptor-like cells in hiPSC-derived ROs for precise and sensitive quality control during RO differentiation.
Transplanted Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors Elicit Conventional and Unusual Light Responses in Mice With Advanced Retinal Degeneration
Authors: Zerti Darin , Hilgen Gerrit , Dorgau Birthe , Collin Joseph , Ader Marius , Armstrong Lyle , Sernagor Evelyne , Lako Majlinda 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Retinal dystrophies often lead to blindness. Developing therapeutic interventions to restore vision is therefore of paramount importance. Here we demonstrate the ability of pluripotent stem cell-derived cone precursors to engraft and restore light responses in the Pde6brd1 mouse, an end-stage photoreceptor degeneration model. Our data show that up to 1.5% of precursors integrate into the host retina, differentiate into cones, and engraft in close apposition to the host bipolar cells. Half of the transplanted mice exhibited visual behavior and of these 33% showed binocular light sensitivity. The majority of retinal ganglion cells exhibited contrast-sensitive ON, OFF or ON-OFF light responses and even motion sensitivity; however, quite a few exhibited unusual responses (eg, light-induced suppression), presumably reflecting remodeling of the neural retina. Our data indicate that despite relatively low engraftment yield, pluripotent stem cell-derived cone precursors can elicit light responsiveness even at advanced degeneration stages. Further work is needed to improve engraftment yield and counteract retinal remodeling to achieve useful clinical applications.
Mitochondrial Transfer from Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Macrophages Restricts Inflammation and Alleviates Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Mice via PGC-1α Activation
Authors: Yuan Yujia , Yuan Longhui , Li Lan , Liu Fei , Liu Jingping , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Lu Yanrong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have fueled ample translation for treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Our previous study had demonstrated that MSCs could elicit macrophages (Mφ) into anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and alleviate kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice via improving mitochondrial function of Mφ, yet the specific mechanism was unclear. Recent evidence indicated that MSCs communicated with their microenvironment through exchanges of mitochondria. By a coculture system consisting of MSCs and Mφ, we showed that MSCs-derived mitochondria (MSCs-Mito) were transferred into Mφ, and the mitochondrial functions were improved, which contributed to M2 polarization. Furthermore, we found that MSCs-Mito transfer activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, PGC-1α interacted with TFEB in high glucose-induced Mφ, leading to the elevated lysosome-autophagy, which was essential to removal of damaged mitochondria. As a result, in Mφ, the mitochondrial bioenergy and capacity to combat inflammatory response were enhanced. Whereas, the immune-regulatory activity of MSCs-Mito was significantly blocked in PGC-1α knockdown Mφ. More importantly, MSCs-Mito transfer could be observed in DN mice, and the adoptive transfer of MSCs-Mito educated Mφ (MφMito) inhibited the inflammatory response and alleviated kidney injury. However, the kidney-protective effects of MφMito were abolished when the MSCs-Mito was impaired with rotenone, and the similar results were also observed when MφMito were transfected with sipgc-1α before administration. Collectively, these findings suggested that MSCs elicited Mφ into anti-inflammatory phenotype and ameliorated kidney injury through mitochondrial transfer in DN mice, and the effects were relied on PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α/TFEB-mediated lysosome-autophagy.
Language and Words: How Vocabulary Teaching Indexes Teacher Histories and Beliefs about Language
Authors: Ardell Lillian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo support emergent bilinguals in the content area classroom, applied linguists suggest teachers add metalinguistic conversations to their pedagogical repertoire. However, such language‐centered pedagogies may become difficult to enact when a teacher sees language at the word level. This comparative teacher case study explores how teacher Pedagogical Language Knowledge was observed in two upper elementary teachers working with emergent bilinguals in the social studies classroom. Through a novel discourse analytic scheme that traces a teacher’s linguistic dispositions, I examine the relationship between beliefs about language and instructional practice that reveal teachers place a disproportionate emphasis on vocabulary study. Findings endorse professional support initiatives that allow teachers to explore their histories as language learners while offering sustained exposure to how non‐lexical features of academic language may be embedded into disciplinary instruction.
Immersive Virtual Reality for Pragmatics Task Development
Authors: Taguchi Naoko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study intends to contribute to the methodological debate into L2 pragmatics research by examining the usability of immersive virtual reality (VR) for developing a pragmatics task. The study compared participants’ speech act performance between two closed role‐play tasks using different mediums: computer‐based and VR‐based. Sixty‐two native and nonnative speakers of English completed both tasks eliciting speech acts (requests, refusals, and opinions). The impact of task medium was assessed on oral fluency and use of speech act strategies. Both groups spoke more slowly and used more modification devices in the VR‐based speech acts; However, the directness level of the main speech act strategies was similar between the two task mediums. In the speech act situations involving a large social distance, unequal power relationship and a high degree of imposition, speech rates were slower and the use of modifications was greater than those involving a small social distance, equal power relationship and a low degree of imposition. While the native speaker group used fewer direct strategies in the former situation type regardless the task medium, the nonnative speaker group was less direct in the former situation type in the VR condition only.
Teaching leadership to pre‐college populations using personal assessment tools
Authors: Whitney Rich 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article presents a national and international youth leadership program utilizing personal assessments as part of the pedagogy. Using the tenets of experiential learning, the learner's self‐awareness heightens their experience as individuals make personal connections with the topic for deeper understanding. In addition to discussing the creation of tools for advancing the understanding and practice of leadership in the context of a specific organization, this article explores the following instruments and assessments: Kolb Learning Styles Inventory, Transformational Leadership Instrument, Path–Goal Leadership Questionnaire, Identity—Who am I? Survey, and Leading from Experience.
Reflections on the use of leadership assessments and inventories in a corporate context
Authors: Wiess Drew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeveloping leaders in the corporate environment relies on many factors including the use of assessments and inventories in coaching and hiring. ProfilesXT, Lominger 360, Lominger Leadership Architect, Watson‐Glaser, and CPI 260 will all be reviewed. This article explores how these instruments can be successfully integrated into a company's development and hiring practices, along with direct linkages for using them to enhance student leadership development.
Synthesis, characterizations and kinetics of MOF‐5 as herbicide vehicle and its controlled release in PVA/ST biodegradable composite membranes
Authors: Lee Shaoxiang , Wang Guohui , Ji Nana , Zhang Meng , Wang Dong , Sun Lishui , Meng Wenqiao , Zheng Yuqi , Li Yanxin , Wu Yuting 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol/starch based composite membranes containing herbicide‐loaded metal‐organic‐framework (MOF‐5) was successfully synthesized by electrostatic spraying technique. Several main parameters affecting the adsorption of MOF‐5 were studied, including the initial concentration of the herbicide solution, adsorption time, and temperature. Under optimal conditions, herbicide‐loaded MOF‐5 was successfully synthesized and the main properties were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), respectively. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MOF‐5 at optimal conditions was 60.12wt%±0.61 % for atrazine. The sustained release effect of the AT@MOF‐5/PVA/ST composite membranes was reliable, and the cumulative release rate was about 50 % for 15 h. The release behaviour of AT from AT@MOF‐5/PVA/ST composite membranes was first dominated by the mechanism of Fickian diffusion and then by the mechanism of matrix erosion. The main advantages of agricultural herbicide film can be attributed to the eco‐friendly, biodegradable, and persistence of herbicide.
Self-assessment and Monitoring of CHI Performance in Digital Transformation
Authors: Bocyte Rasa , Oomen Johan , Truyen Fred 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo fully reap the benefits of digitisation and sustainably create value for their audiences, cultural heritage institutions (CHI) need to implement and monitor digital, data-driven strategies that touch upon all aspects of how organisations operate. This can range from staffing and skills development to adoption of metadata models, novel audience engagement approaches and methods for collecting and using user data. We introduce the concept for the CHI Self-Assessment Tool that enables institutions to assess their strategy and plan against several aspects of digital transformation. The tool proposes a novel approach on how CHIs can continuously gather data on their activities and use insights from this data to adjust their strategies and increase their digital maturity. Equally, this data can be used by policy-makers to implement more effective policies and support the sector with targeted capacity building.
Non-unitary TQFTs from 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 rank 0 SCFTs
Authors: Gang Dongmin , Kim Sungjoon , Lee Kimyeong , Shim Myungbo , Yamazaki Masahito 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We propose a novel procedure of assigning a pair of non-unitary topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), TFT±[$$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0], to a (2+1)D interacting $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal field theory (SCFT) $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0 of rank 0, i.e. having no Coulomb and Higgs branches. The topological theories arise from particular degenerate limits of the SCFT. Modular data of the non-unitary TQFTs are extracted from the supersymmetric partition functions in the degenerate limits. As a non-trivial dictionary, we propose that F = maxα (− log|$$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(+\right)} $$

S

0
α

+

|) = maxα (− log|$$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(-\right)} $$

S

0
α

−

|), where F is the round three-sphere free energy of $$ \mathcal{T} $$
T
rank 0 and $$ {S}_{0\alpha}^{\left(\pm \right)} $$

S

0
α

±

is the first column in the modular S-matrix of TFT±. From the dictionary, we derive the lower bound on F, F ≥ − log $$ \left(\sqrt{\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{10}}\right) $$

5
−

5

10

≃ 0.642965, which holds for any rank 0 SCFT. The bound is saturated by the minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SCFT proposed by Gang-Yamazaki, whose associated topological theories are both the Lee-Yang TQFT. We explicitly work out the (rank 0 SCFT)/(non-unitary TQFTs) correspondence for infinitely many examples.
Renormalization and non-renormalization of scalar EFTs at higher orders
Authors: Cao Weiguang , Herzog Franz , Melia Tom , Nepveu Jasper Roosmale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We renormalize massless scalar effective field theories (EFTs) to higher loop orders and higher orders in the EFT expansion. To facilitate EFT calculations with the R* renormalization method, we construct suitable operator bases using Hilbert series and related ideas in commutative algebra and conformal representation theory, including their novel application to off-shell correlation functions. We obtain new results ranging from full one loop at mass dimension twelve to five loops at mass dimension six. We explore the structure of the anomalous dimension matrix with an emphasis on its zeros, and investigate the effects of conformal and orthonormal operators. For the real scalar, the zeros can be explained by a ‘non-renormalization’ rule recently derived by Bern et al. For the complex scalar we find two new selection rules for mixing n- and (n− 2)-field operators, with n the maximal number of fields at a fixed mass dimension. The first appears only when the (n− 2)-field operator is conformal primary, and is valid at one loop. The second appears in more generic bases, and is valid at three loops. Finally, we comment on how the Hilbert series we construct may be used to provide a systematic enumeration of a class of evanescent operators that appear at a particular mass dimension in the scalar EFT.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygen Metabolism in Revascularization of Asymptomatic High-Grade Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Crespo Pimentel Bernardo , Sedlacik Jan , Schröder Julian , Heinze Marlene , Østergaard Leif , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Cheng Bastian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Revascularization procedures in carotid artery stenosis have shown a positive effect in the restoration of cerebral oxygen metabolism as assessed by T2’ (T2 prime) imaging as well as capillary homeostasis by measurement of capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH); however, data in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis without manifest brain lesions are scarce.

Patients and Methods
The effect of revascularization on the hemodynamic profile and capillary homeostasis was evaluated in 13 patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis without ischemic brain lesions using dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion imaging and oxygenation-sensitive T2’ mapping before and 6–8 weeks after revascularization by endarterectomy or stenting. The cognitive performance at both timepoints was further assessed.

Results
Perfusion impairment at baseline was accompanied by an increased CTH (p = 0.008) in areas with a time to peak delay ≥ 2 s in the affected hemisphere compared to contralateral regions. Carotid intervention improved the overall moderate hemodynamic impairment at baseline by leading to an increase in normalized cerebral blood flow (p = 0.017) and a decrease in mean transit time (p = 0.027), oxygen extraction capacity (OEC) (p = 0.033) and CTH (p = 0.048). The T2’ values remained unchanged.

Conclusion
This study presents novel evidence of a state of altered microvascular function in patients with high-grade carotid artery stenosis in the absence of ischemic brain lesions, which shows sustained normalization after revascularization procedures.
The prognostic power of inflammatory indices and clinical factors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with radium-223 (BIO-Ra study)
Authors: Bauckneht Matteo , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Signori Alessio , Frantellizzi Viviana , Murianni Veronica , Lodi Rizzini Elisa , Mascia Manlio , Lavelli Valentina , Donegani Maria Isabella , Ponzano Marta , Gaudiano Angela , Stazza Maria Lina , Licari Maria , Cavallini Letizia , Laghi Viola , Cindolo Luca , Maggi Martina , Sciarra Alessandro , Mammucci Paolo , Sambuceti Gianmario , Costa Renato Patrizio , Spanu Angela , Rubini Giuseppe , Monari Fabio , De Vincentis Giuseppe , Fornarini Giuseppe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo combine peripheral blood indices and clinical factors in a prognostic score for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]RaCl2).Patients and methodsBaseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (donor), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), Gleason score (GS) group, number of bone metastases, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), line of therapy, previous chemotherapy, and the presence of lymphadenopathies were collected from seven Italian centers between 2013 and 2020. Lab and clinical data were assessed in correlation with the overall survival (OS). Inflammatory indices were then included separately in the multivariable analyses with the prognostic clinical factors. The model with the highest discriminative ability (c-index) was chosen to develop the BIO-Ra score.ResultsFive hundred and nineteen mCRPC patients (median OS: 19.9 months) were enrolled. Higher NLR, dNLR, PLR, and SII and lower LMR predicted worse OS (all with ap < 0.001). The multivariable model including NLR, ECOG PS, number of bone metastases, ALP, and PSA (c-index: 0.724) was chosen to develop the BIO-Ra score. Using the Schneeweiss scoring system, the BIO-Ra score identified three prognostic groups (36%, 27.3%, and 36.6% patients, respectively) with distinct median OS (31, 26.6, and 9.6 months, respectively; hazard ratio: 1.62,p = 0.008 for group 2 vs. 1 and 5.77,p < 0.001 for group 3 vs. 1).ConclusionsThe BIO-Ra score represents an easy and widely applicable tool for the prognostic stratification of mCRPC patients treated with [223Ra]RaCl2with no additional costs.