bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia after a Brainstem Hemorrhagic Stroke with Adverse Reaction to Carbamazepine: A Case Report
Authors: Yusari I Gusti Agung Ayu Andra , Wijayanti Ida Ayu Sri , Widyastuti Ketut , Adnyana I Made Oka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare manifestation of neuropathic pain in post-stroke patients, which is characterized by paroxysmal unilateral pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution, especially in strokes that occur in the brainstem. We present a case of a female patient, 28 years old, with attacks of right-sided severe pain in the face, which felt like burning and electric shock. The pain began after hospitalization due to a brainstem hemorrhagic stroke in the right pons and mesencephalon, and the pain persisted for several months. She was diagnosed with secondary TN associated with brainstem hemorrhagic stroke. She experienced severe adverse reactions with the first-line pharmacological therapy, carbamazepine and gabapentin. Fluoxetine was given as an alternative therapy, and the patient began to experience improvement in the pain intensity and frequency within a few weeks. Secondary TN is a complication of hemorrhagic stroke in the brainstem, the site of the trigeminal nerve somatosensory component. Management of secondary TN after stroke has its own challenges in selecting the best medication to achieve remission of symptoms, especially when there is an adverse reaction to the first-line treatments, in this case to anticonvulsants. Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, can be the treatment of choice to improve the symptoms of TN patients in such cases.
Cardiac Tamponade Following Port-a-Cath Insertion: A Case Report
Authors: Viswanathan Ranjitha , Selvaraj Venkatesh , Phani Madhuri Galidevara , Pavazhakannan Priadharsan , Manohar Sai Sanjana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Implantable port devices such as the port-a-cath device, inserted in infants, and the associated complications are under-reported, likely because of the limited indications for port placement. This case report describes the incidence of cardiac tamponade during insertion of a port-a-cath device in a 10-month-old infant with protein C and S deficiency. Chemo port insertion was planned in view of requirement of multiple fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions. After induction of endotracheal general anesthesia, under ultrasound guidance, soon after insertion of the catheter over the guidewire, the child underwent hemodynamic instability, resulting in hypotension and bradycardia. On persistence of signs, immediate transthoracic echocardiography was carried out, which showed pericardial effusion. Needle pericardiocentesis was performed immediately under ultrasound guidance, and 20 mL of blood was aspirated. A pericardial pig tail catheter was left in situ. The 5 French port-a-cath is the smallest size available commercially, which we have used in this patient. The outer diameter of the 5 French port-a-cath is around 2.5 mm, which is equal to the average diameter of the internal jugular vein in infants, resulting in a catheter-to-vein diameter ratio of almost 1. The smaller size of the infant and the mismatch in the available sizes of this device contribute significantly to the technical difficulty of inserting this device in infants, leading to rare complication of pericardial tamponade. Ultrasound guidance should be used to locate the vein and confirm the position of the tip of the guidewire and the catheter during the process of insertion, which could have avoided this critical complication.
Clinical Effectiveness of Pit and Fissure Sealants Using Solvents for Improving Surface Wettability of Enamel: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Deshpande Anshula N , Bane Pooja V , Baishya Simron , Shah Yash , Dori Sneha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Preventive dental procedures are cornerstones of caries management.

Introduction:
This research aims to analyze the clinical effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants when applied to etched enamel pretreated with solvents compared to the conventional etch and seal technique.

Subjects and Methods:
Children and adolescents with clinically healthy occlusal surfaces or noncavitated occlusal carious lesions on permanent first and/or second molars in all four quadrants were randomly allocated into four groups. A total population of 87 participants (348 teeth) were selected for the research based on the inclusion criteria. Following the enrollment, teeth were etched and sequentially assigned for application of Group 1 = Conventional Etch Seal (control group), Group 2 = isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Group 3 = acetone, and Group 4 = ethanol before sealant application. All participants were evaluated for marginal integrity, discoloration, and clinical retention of pit and fissure sealant after 6-month intervals and 12-month intervals using Feigal’s criteria.

Results:
At 6-month and 12-month intervals, the collected data were compiled and statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test of significance for marginal integrity between groups all four groups. The Wilcoxon rank test was assigned to assess the difference between parameters measured at 6 months and 12 months. A highly significant difference was found between the groups (P < 0.05) for marginal integrity and anatomic form at 6 months and 12 months when intergroup comparison was done using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Conclusion:
Surfactants such as IPA and acetone can be adopted while choosing methods for the long-term clinical success of resin-based sealants for increasing wettability and penetration depth.
The Nonmetric Cusp Traits of Maxillary Molars in Tamil Population: A Cross Sectional, Descriptive and Sex Identification study using the Turner Scott dental Anthropology Standards
Authors: Pillai Jayasankar P. , Parmar Girish , Vyas Jayantkumar M. , Babu Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context:
Dental nonmetric traits, the morphological characteristics in teeth exhibit variations between populations and sexes.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to analyse the expression of the cusp traits in maxillary molars in the Tamil Nadu population.

Settings and Design:
A descriptive, cross-sectional, and population-based study was designed.

Methods and Material:
The pre-treatment dental models of 236 boys (44.6%) and 293 girls (55.45%) in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry were used for this study. The expressions of the cusp of Carabelli trait in the maxillary 1st molar and the hypocone trait in the 2nd molar were recorded using the Turner-Scott Dental Anthropology standards.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the results of males and females. Chi-square test was used to test the inter-trait and intra-trait association. The discriminant function analysis was performed to test the potential of the two traits for sex classification.

Results:
The prevalence of cusp of Carabelli was only in 7.5%–11.4% of the study sample. The hypocone presence was observed in around 53%–61%. Only 57%–59% of the correct sex classification could be possible using the studied two traits.

Conclusions:
There was a low prevalence of the maxillary 1st molar Carabelli’s trait in the Tamil population when compared to the prevalence of the distolingual cusp (hypocone) trait in the maxillary 2nd molar. There was an excellent intra-trait correlation while the inter-trait correlation is weak. However, there was a significant association between the two traits on both sides.
Influences of Online Education System on the Quality of Life of Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown - An Evaluative Study
Authors: Usha Kiran V , Vabbalareddi Rajasekhar , Pandranki Jayalakshmi , Nandan V Bhavesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Conventional classroom learning took a beating during the COVID-19 lockdown. This was not the first time educational institutions had to shut down globally. Alternative teaching methods needed to be incorporated into the educational system, and therefore, it was prudent to study the effects of such novel teaching methods on the quality of life of children. The aim of the study was to evaluate factors affecting the general and oral health-related quality of life of children during online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods:
A digital questionnaire-based study was conducted among children aged nine to fourteen years who attended online classes during the COVID-19 lockdown. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used for comparative evaluation between variables.

Results:
A total of 182 children responded to the questionnaire. Among them 36.3% of children reported having headaches, 32.4% had eyestrain, 13.7% had watering eyes, 10% had back pain, 23.6% had neck pain, 14.8% complained of disturbed sleep and 6% had hearing disturbances during the phase of online classes. In addition, 32.4% of children had the habit of snacking between meals and 8.2% reported tooth pain. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.036) between the time spent per day attending online classes and the number of problems reported.

Conclusions:
Several factors have been identified that affected the children’s quality of life during their online classes. Increased screen time without maintaining ergonomics could lead to adverse effects. Also, children need to be educated about snacking habits and oral hygiene practices to achieve optimal oral health.
Effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm using Confocal Fluorescence Imaging—An In vitro Study
Authors: Sindhujaa R , Ravi Shankar PL , Pandian K Raja , Chandrasekharan Deepak , Dolly A Sheryl , Rashik KM Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Periodontitis is a significant oral health issue caused by specific microorganisms, leading to the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) is a rapidly progressing form of the disease, particularly affecting young adults. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potential treatment modality for periodontitis, utilizing visible light combined with a photosensitizer to inactivate bacteria.

Aim:
The aim of the current in vitro study is to investigate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) biofilm using confocal fluorescence imaging.

Materials and Methods:
Bacterial cultures were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth, supplemented with horse blood, hemin, and menadione. Biofilms were inoculated into 24-well plates, treated with purpurin dye, and exposed to laser irradiation. Following treatment, biofilms were fixed, stained with a LIVE/DEAD staining kit, and examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to assess bacterial viability and biofilm formation. Additionally, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability quantitatively after laser exposure.

Results:
Treatment groups exhibited a significant reduction in A.a viability compared to the control group. CLSM imaging revealed a decrease in viable bacterial colonies within the biofilm after PDT, with complete bacterial kill observed in some cases. Additionally, PDT resulted in alterations in biofilm structure and morphology.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate the potential of purpurin-mediated PDT as an effective antimicrobial therapy for periodontitis, offering a promising adjunct to conventional in vivo periodontal treatment approaches and has high potential in clinical applications.
Demographics and Haematological Parameters in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Uttar Pradesh – A Comparative study
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Vijay Pradakhshana , Chandra Shaleen , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Singh Diksha , Devi Priya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Pathophysiology and clinical relevance of haematological parameters in various populations have always been a keen interest of research for haematologists. Various factors may have a role in the values of serum biochemical parameters. These might include gender, age, altitude and disorders like diabetes mellitus, hypertension or both.

Aim:
To compare the demographics and haematological parameters like haemoglobin, white blood cell and platelet values in type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Materials and Method:
Record of 1,200 patients, who came to the haematology section of the department in the regular outpatient department (OPD) services, was randomly selected from the daily record data. The record of selected patients was categorized into Group A – (Control group) subjects with no morbidity and Group B – patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Blood parameters of each were noted and analysed in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology.

Results and Discussion:
The study found no significant association between age and gender and diabetes occurrence. However, there was a significant difference in total leukocyte count (TLC) levels, particularly in males, among diabetics. Additionally, there was a significant variation in platelet count among diabetics, with more variation in females.

Conclusion:
We found a significant positive correlation between TLC and the platelet count among males and females of diabetes mellitus patients. This surely affects the lifestyle and general health, and so the patients must be educated and motivated to maintain a regular blood sugar level through diet, exercise and medicines as poor control can definitely lead to complications.
Modulation of Long Non-coding RNA FAS-AS1/FAS/Caspase3 Axis in Endometriosis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shayanfard Amir Hossein , Salehi Zivar , Mashayekhi Farhad , Zahiri Ziba 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that excessive proliferation and apoptosis play a pivotal role in the development of endometriosis.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FAS-AS1, FAS, soluble Fas (sFas) and caspase-3 in patients with different stages of endometriosis.

Setting and Design:
The design of the study was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
The relative expression of lncRNA FAS-AS1 and FAs gene was evaluated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 60 ectopic endometrial samples from women with endometriosis in relation to 85 normal endometrial tissues from healthy women, whereas the protein level of sFAs in the peritoneal fluid samples and cleaved caspase-3 in ectopic and normal endometrial tissue samples were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, respectively. Furthermore, in silico analyses were performed to investigate protein–protein interactions as well as molecular function and cellular location of selected proteins.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The student’s t-test was used to analyse the difference between the means of the two groups.

Results:
The expression of FAS and sFas increased in endometriosis tissues as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, lncRNA FAS-AS1 and cleaved caspase-3 decreased in ectopic endometrial tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues and low lncRNA FAS-AS1 expression was correlated with disease stages. In addition, the in silico analysis revealed the importance of FAS/caspase3 in the biological processes involved in the development of endometriosis.

Conclusion:
The current study suggests that lncRNA FAS-AS1 may function as an ectopic endometriotic suppressor. Moreover, the results showed that severity of endometriosis is also closely correlated with the expression of lncRNA FAS-AS1 and sFAS.
Transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for left-sided colorectal resection: A single-centre cohort study
Authors: Xavier Ruben Gregory , Ke Tao-Wei , Chen William Tzu-Liang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Transvaginal natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) is an innovative and feasible approach for left-sided colorectal resections in females. This study aimed to report our experience with transvaginal NOSES for left-sided laparoscopic colorectal resections.

Patients and Methods:
We analysed data for all patients with transvaginal extraction performed for left-sided laparoscopic colorectal resections between 2011 and 2021 at a tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan.

Results:
The 18 post-menopausal patients were of a mean age of 69.2 ± 10.14 years. The lesions were located at the descending (n = 5), sigmoid colon (n = 12) and rectum (n = 1). The operative time was 262.5 ± 83.91 min, and the blood loss was 34 ± 35.98 mL. All patients had an end-to-end anastomosis, and the anastomotic height was 15.06 ± 8.57 cm. Two patients received diversion stoma. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.1 days (standard deviation ± 2.42; range: 3–12 days). There were no cases of clinical infection. The pathology was malignancy (n = 14, 77.8%), diverticulitis (n = 2, 11.2%) and benign (n = 2, 11.2%). In cancers, they were Stage I (n = 1, 7.1%), IIa (n = 1, 7.1%), IIIb (n = 15, 78.7%) and IV (n = 1, 7.1%). Malignant specimens (n = 14) were mostly moderately differentiated (n = 11, 78.6%), with two poorly differentiated (14.3%) and one well-differentiated (7.1%). The lymph nodes harvested were 16.1 ± 8.11. The widest dimension of the lesion was 3.43 cm ± 1.28 (range: 1.5–6) and the length of the specimen was 14.69 cm ± 5.01 (range: 8–27).

Conclusion:
Transvaginal NOSES is safe and feasible for left-sided colorectal resection. Factors to consider are the characteristics of the specimen, anal canal and vagina.
A case report and review of literature on idiopathic ascites after laparoscopic appendectomy - A surgeon’s dilemma
Authors: Bangaradka Nithin , Kumar S. Saravana , Christopher Pradeep Joshua , Cumar Bharath , Natarajan Ramesh , Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi , Chinnusamy Palanivelu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergency surgical conditions, typically treated by laparoscopic appendectomy in most centres. Post-operative ascites is a rare complication after laparoscopic surgery, especially in the absence of a bowel, urinary tract or lymphatic injury. This condition creates a diagnostic challenge for surgeons, even after thorough investigation. While the typical post-operative course following laparoscopic appendectomy is well documented, our case offers a unique perspective to this sequela. We present a case of idiopathic ascites following laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis, with literature review.
A case report on the loss of an Iglesias resectoscope beak during hysteroscopic myomectomy
Authors: Indraccolo Ugo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This case report describes the dynamics of the detachment of the ceramic beak of an Iglesias resectoscope that was lost in the uterine cavity during ‘cold loop’ hysteroscopic myomectomy. Our aim is to increase awareness of this issue and caution our colleagues against using Iglesias resectoscopes for hysteroscopies. The ceramic beak of an Iglesias resectoscope can detach itself if hard tissue is encountered during operative hysteroscopy.
House dust protein level of pigeon drooping and feather in environmental bird exposure-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis “A pilot study”
Authors: Spalgais Sonam , Ranga Vikrant , Mavi Anil K. , Kumar Raj 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Bird fancier’s disease is a type of HP occurring due to exposure to bird’s antigen. The diagnosis is quite difficult as it requires the identification of an inciting agent with findings of HRCT and lung biopsy. The exposure is usually done by history with antigen-specific IgG and/or specific inhalational challenge testing. The study aimed to investigate the role of pigeon allergens in house dust in bird exposure-related HP patients.

Methods:
This was a descriptive, mixed-method observational study. We retrospectively screened all the files of HP patients for exposure history and pigeon-specific IgG of one-year duration. Finally, Finally house dust from 18 cases with HP was collected for analysis of concentration of pigeon droppings and feather proteins.

Results:
The mean age was 47.8 ± 11.5 years with 78% being female. The median duration of symptoms was 1.75 years with a median exposure history to pigeons of 7 years. The level of specific IgG was raised in 11 (60%) patients with a mean level of 50.6 ± 39.5. The concentration of pigeon-drooping protein was present in all the dust samples with a mean of 17.6 ± 5.6 μg/mg. The highest concentration was 27 μg/mg and the lowest of 9 μg/mg. The concentration of pigeon father protein was present in nearly 50% of the dust sample with a mean of 5.6 ± 6.7 μg/mg and the highest concentration was 15.8 μg/mg.

Conclusion:
The confirmation history of exposure in bird exposure-related HP is difficult because bird antigen exposure can be presents anywhere. The house dust bird protein concentration measurement is a simple, non-invasive, adjunct test for confirmation of bird exposure.
Intratracheal Surfactant Administration Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury and Fibrosis in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Jiang Jiunn-Song , Hsieh Chi-Chun , Chou Hsiu-Chu , Chen Chung-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hyperoxia decreases surfactant production and suggests exogenous surfactant may be a potential treatment for hyperoxia-induced lung injury. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an animal-derived surfactant on hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis in newborn rats.

Methods:
Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomly reared either in room air (RA) or hyperoxic conditions (85% O2) from postnatal days 1–14. On postnatal day 4, the rats received an intratracheal injection of either 20 μL of normal saline (vehicle) or 20 μL of surfactant (Survanta). Our study included four study groups: RA + vehicle, RA + surfactant, 85% O2 + vehicle, and 85% O2 + surfactant. Body weights were recorded at birth and on postnatal days 4 and 14. On postnatal day 14, the lungs were dissected for histology, Western blotting, and cytokine measurements.

Results:
The hyperoxia-reared rats exhibited significantly higher lung injury scores, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression, and collagen deposition compared with the RA-reared rats. The surfactant alleviated hyperoxia-induced lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, as evidenced by the lower lung injury score, TNF-α expression, TGF-β1 expression, and collagen deposition in the lungs.

Conclusion:
The intratracheal administration of the surfactant ameliorated hyperoxia-induced lung injury and fibrosis and downregulated TNF-α and TGF-β1 expression, most likely by inhibiting lung inflammation and collagen deposition.