bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansão e regionalização do ensino superior em Portugal nas últimas décadas: um percurso contraditório
Authors: Cerdeira Luísa , Cabrito Belmiro Gil , Mucharreira Pedro Ribeiro 
Published: September 2021

Se algumas décadas atrás existia a ideia generalizada de que a educação, nomeadamente de nível superior, desempenhava um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento económico e social de um país, hoje, a investigação científica provou que essa ideia se encontrava certa: o desenvolvimento de um país encontra-se dependente do desenvolvimento da educação. Em consequência dessa perspetiva, foi notório o esforço financeiro da generalidade dos países em expandir a sua educação, em particular a educação de nível superior que, por si próprio, constitui fator indispensável ao desenvolvimento. Diversos estudos têm vindo a mostrar essa forte relação entre educação, educação superior e desenvolvimento ou, no mínimo, crescimento económico, que vieram a forjar a “teoria do capital humano” que encara a educação como uma atividade com custos, aliás bastante elevados, mas cuja rendibilidade, quer nos planos individuais e familiares, em consequência de que maiores níveis de qualificação propiciam melhores salários e estatuto social quer no plano comunitário, pelas vantagens competitivas que população mais qualificada propicia a um território, bem como pelas externalidades positivas não mensuráveis que acarreta, justifica e exige aquele investimento. Neste artigo apresenta-se o caminho da expansão do ensino superior em Portugal, através da distribuição regional da rede de estabelecimentos de ensino superior e do impacte percebido do investimento na educação superior, procurando-se identificar, ao longo das últimas décadas a distribuição regional das instituições de ensino superior (IES), bem como a distribuição regional de alunos e de diplomados, para o que se agrega a informação disponível (número de IES, alunos, diplomados, orçamento) por distrito (divisão administrativa do país) e por região geográfica (litoral, interior e regiões autónomas), ao mesmo tempo que se questiona os efeitos das políticas de financiamento das IES públicas no crescimento das instituições. Termina-se o artigo com algumas reflexões acerca do processo de expansão/distribuição do ensino superior, particularmente acerca da distribuição regional deste nível de ensino.
Solar Hybrid Hatching Machine Applying a Thermal Accumulator with a Reflective Array Method
Authors: Setiawan Budhy , Wakidah Riska Nur 
Published: September 2021

In this research, a hybrid egg hatcher machine applied two types of energy for heating, namely solar thermal energy and an electric (fossil) heater. Solar energy was the main energy, and the electric heater was the secondary energy. This hybrid system was related to Indonesian geography, with high solar energy of an average of 5 kWh/m2/day in one year. Therefore, solar thermal energy storage will be effectively used in Indonesia to reduce fossil energy exploitation. The solar thermal energy was stored in an accumulator with a 4 m2 collector. The solar thermal accumulator was an insulated vessel with high reflectivity and insulation. The heat energy was stored and kept in some water bars. In maximizing absorption capability, the collector used a reflective array method that was operated by opening or closing the arrays. The arrays were controlled by an electronic controller, which compared the thermal energy inside with the energy of sunlight. The array’s movement to charge the accumulator was done automatically by using the hysteresis switching method. The electric heater will be used only if the accumulator temperature is less than 40 °C. The capacity of the egg hatcher machine accumulator was 300 eggs. Raw data were collected using a data logger of DAQ (Data Acquisition Interface) DT9813 to determine and analyze the performance of system parameters. From the data collected, the solar thermal accumulator showed its capability for storing thermal energy up to 7.07 kWh. However, its average absorption efficiencies were 54–58 % by direct solar and 60–70 % by diffuse solar. Experiments verified the effectiveness of the designed accumulator. The experimental results showed that the electrical energy consumption was reduced up to 64 %.
Sugar Industry Waste for Bioelectricity Generation
Authors: Rojas Flores Segundo , Nazario-Naveda Renny , Betines Santiago M. , De La Cruz–Noriega M. , Cabanillas-Chirinos L. , Valdiviezo-Dominguez F. 
Published: September 2021

Microbial fuel cells are presented as the promise of technology to generate electricity by using organic waste. In this research, molasses waste from Laredo Agroindustrial Company was used as fuel, as well as graphite and zinc electrodes, managing to build low-cost cells. It was possible to generate voltage and current peaks of 0.389 ± 0.021 V and 1.179 ± 0.079 mA, respectively. The cells showed that acid pH levels and conductivity values were around 100 mS/cm during the period of the highest bioelectricity generation. The maximum power density was 3.76 ± 0.62 W/cm2 for a current density of 247.55 mA/cm2, showing a peak voltage of 0.459 ± 0.52 V. The yeasts showed a logarithmic phase up to day 25 reflecting an increase in cell growth. Microbial fuel cells are projected to be the most viable solution for organic waste and clean energy generation problems.
A Hybrid Human–Machine Learning Approach for Screening Prostate Biopsies Can Improve Clinical Efficiency Without Compromising Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Dov David , Assaad Serge , Syedibrahim Ameer , Bell Jonathan , Huang Jiaoti , Madden John , Bentley Rex , McCall Shannon , Henao Ricardo , Carin Lawrence , Foo Wen-Chi 
Published: September 2021

Context.—
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy, and accurate diagnosis typically requires histologic review of multiple prostate core biopsies per patient. As pathology volumes and complexity increase, new tools to improve the efficiency of everyday practice are keenly needed. Deep learning has shown promise in pathology diagnostics, but most studies silo the efforts of pathologists from the application of deep learning algorithms. Very few hybrid pathologist–deep learning approaches have been explored, and these typically require complete review of histologic slides by both the pathologist and the deep learning system.

Objective.—
To develop a novel and efficient hybrid human–machine learning approach to screen prostate biopsies.

Design.—
We developed an algorithm to determine the 20 regions of interest with the highest probability of malignancy for each prostate biopsy; presenting these regions to a pathologist for manual screening limited the initial review by a pathologist to approximately 2% of the tissue area of each sample. We evaluated this approach by using 100 biopsies (29 malignant, 60 benign, 11 other) that were reviewed by 4 pathologists (3 urologic pathologists, 1 general pathologist) using a custom-designed graphical user interface.

Results.—
Malignant biopsies were correctly identified as needing comprehensive review with high sensitivity (mean, 99.2% among all pathologists); conversely, most benign prostate biopsies (mean, 72.1%) were correctly identified as needing no further review.

Conclusions.—
This novel hybrid system has the potential to efficiently triage out most benign prostate core biopsies, conserving time for the pathologist to dedicate to detailed evaluation of malignant biopsies.
Histologic Findings in Gynecologic Tissue From Transmasculine Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery
Authors: Lin Lawrence Hsu , Hernandez Andrea , Marcus Alan , Deng Fang-Ming , Adler Esther 
Published: September 2021

Context.—
Gender-affirming surgery is part of a multidisciplinary approach in gender transitioning. Deeper histologic examination may strengthen care for transmasculine individuals and increase the understanding of the influence of hormonal therapy in specific organs.

Objective.—
To evaluate and catalogue histologic findings of tissue obtained from gender-affirming gynecologic surgery and cervical cytology specimens.

Design.—
This is an institutional review board–approved retrospective study that included transmasculine individuals who underwent gender-affirming gynecologic surgery from January 2015 to June 2020. All surgical gynecologic pathology and cervical cytology slides were reviewed by 2 pathologists.

Results.—
Fifty-five patients were included, which represented 40 uteri, 35 bilateral ovaries, 15 vaginectomy specimens, and 24 cervical cytology results. The median age was 27 years (range, 18–56), and 94% (50 of 53) of patients were receiving testosterone for at least 1 year. Seventy-five percent (30 of 40) of endometria were inactive, while 25% (10 of 40) showed evidence of cycling. Transitional cell metaplasia was the most common finding in the cervix (17 of 40) and vagina (15 of 15), reflecting a high percentage (4 of 24) of unsatisfactory or ASC-US (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) cervical cytologies. Prostatic-type glands were identified in 20% (8 of 40) of cervices and 67% (10 of 15) of vaginectomy specimens. Multiple bilateral cystic follicles and evidence of follicular maturation were present in 57% (20 of 35) of cases. Four cases showed paratubal epididymis-like mesonephric remnant hypertrophy.

Conclusions.—
A comprehensive evaluation of tissue from gender-affirming surgery increases knowledge of the changes following androgen therapy in transmasculine individuals and may contribute to optimal patient care by raising awareness of normal histologic variations in this population.
La réconciliation à travers les séjours d’immersion à Kitcisakik
Authors: Friis Joseph , Arellano Alexandra 
Published: September 2021

Depuis 2010, les Anicinapek de Kitcisakik ont mis sur pied une initiative de séjours de sensibilisation, où des voyages éducatifs et d’immersion se sont développés, principalement avec des groupes scolaires et universitaires allochtones. Ces séjours sont devenus des occasions privilégiées de dialogue qui favorisent non seulement la transmission intergénérationnelle et la distinction épistémologique du savoir local, mais aussi la compréhension de la situation sociohistorique et coloniale des peuples autochtones. Rejetant assidument le système de réserve et occupant leur terre ancestrale sans réelles assises juridiques à la lumière du droit positif canadien, les Anicinapek invitent des Allochtones à célébrer leur culture en s’imprégnant du lien à la terre, établissant ainsi la centralité des luttes territoriales dans les processus de réconciliation. Ancrée dans une approche théorique du « colonialisme de peuplement » (« settler-colonialism »), cette réflexion explore le cas particulier de Kitcisakik dans le contexte des séjours d’immersion, invitant les étudiants allochtones à partager leur expérience de sensibilisation. À travers un récit situant les luttes territoriales, le regard des Anicinapek et des étudiants allochtones est mis de l’avant. Les séjours d’immersion offerts par la communauté de Kitcisakik incarnent une ouverture à l’Autre qui offre une expérience privilégiée de réconciliation autocritique.
Sign Detection and Signed Integer Comparison for the 3-Moduli Set {2^n±1,2^(n+k)}
Authors: Torabi Zeinab , Timarchi Somaye 
Published: September 2021

Comparison, division and sign detection are considered complicated operations in residue number system (RNS). A straightforward solution is to convert RNS numbers into binary formats and then perform complicated operations using conventional binary operators. If efficient circuits are provided for comparison, division and sign detection, the application of RNS can be extended to the cases including these operations.For RNS comparison in the 3-moduli set , we have only found one hardware realization. In this paper, an efficient RNS comparator is proposed for the moduli set which employs sign detection method and operates more efficient than its counterparts. The proposed sign detector and comparator utilize dynamic range partitioning (DRP), which has been recently presented for unsigned RNS comparison. Delay and cost of the proposed comparator are lower than the previous works and makes it appropriate for RNS applications with limited delay and cost.
A Microfluidics‐Based Screening Tool to Assess the Impact of Blood Plasma Factors on Microvascular Integrity
Authors: Junaid Abidemi , van Duinen Vincent , Stam Wendy , Dólleman Sophie , Yang Wei , de Rijke Yolanda , Endeman Hendrik , van Kooten Cees , Mashaghi Alireza , de Boer Hetty , van Gils Janine , Hankemeier Thomas , van Zonneveld Anton Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study provides a method to assess the impact of circulating plasma factors on microvascular integrity by using a recently developed microvessel‐on‐a‐chip platform featuring the human endothelium that is partly surrounded by the extracellular matrix. The system is high‐throughput, which allows parallel analysis of organ‐level microvessel pathophysiology, including vascular leakage. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples are mixed with inhibitors for recalcification of the plasma samples to avoid activation of the coagulation‐ or complement system. Moreover, the assay is validated by spiking vascular endothelial growth factor, histamine, or tumor necrosis factor alpha to recalcified plasma and confirms their modulation of microvessel barrier function at physiologically relevant concentrations. Finally, this study shows that perfusing the microvessels with recalcified plasma samples of coronavirus disease‐2019 patients, with a confirmed proinflammatory profile, results in markedly increased leakage of the microvessels. The assay provides opportunities for diagnostic screening of inflammatory or endothelial disrupting plasma factors associated with endothelial dysfunction.
Polymerized Hybrid Perovskites with Enhanced Stability, Flexibility, and Lattice Rigidity
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Shi Yongliang , Chen Jia , Ma Pingchuan , Fang Zhibin , Ye Dan , Lu Yiyang , Yuan Yongbo , Zhao Jin , Xiao Zhengguo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe intrinsic soft lattice nature of organometal halide perovskites (OHPs) makes them very tolerant to defects and ideal candidates for solution‐processed optoelectronic devices. However, the soft lattice results in low stability towards external stresses such as heating and humidity, high density of phonons and strong electron–phonon coupling (EPC). Here, it is demonstrated that the OHPs with unsaturated 4‐vinylbenzylammonium (VBA) as organoammonium cations can be polymerized without damaging the perovskite structure and its tolerance to defects. The polymerized perovskites show enhanced stability and flexibility compared to regular three‐dimensional and two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites. Furthermore, the polymerized 4‐vinylbenzylammonium group improves perovskite lattice rigidity substantially, resulting in a reduced non‐radiative recombination rate because of suppressed electron–phonon coupling, and enhanced carrier mobility because of suppressed phonon scattering. 2D polymerized perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with strong electroluminescence at room temperature, and quasi‐2D PeLEDs with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.2% and enhanced operation stability are demonstrated. The work has opened a new way of enhancing the intrinsic stability and optoelectronic properties of OHPs.
A Sessile Drop Method for Facile and Robust Spheroid Cultures
Authors: Sun Bangyong , Zhao Yi , Zhao Qiang , Li Gang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this work, an innovative sessile drop (SD) strategy for facile, robust, and long‐term cell spheroid cultures is proposed. Unlike the conventional hanging drop (HD) method, this strategy employs a superhydrophobic perforated microwell plate (SHPMP) to spatially confine arrays of cell suspension droplets for 3D spheroid cultures. Benefitting from a combination of upward positioning of cell suspension droplets and non‐wettability of the microwell surface, the SD culture platform not only maintains the technical simplicity and high oxygen availability of the HD method, but also provides high mechanical stability and ease of medium exchange, thus enabling a robust long‐term spheroid culture in a high‐throughput manner. In a proof of concept application, the convenience and simplicity of the SD approach is demonstrated by producing 384 uniform spheroids of MHCC97H cell with SHPMP. To validate the utility of this method, it is further demonstrated that spheroids fabricated by this method can be used for drug testing. With convenient liquid handling, low reagent/sample consumption, high droplet stability, adequate oxygen supply, and good in situ monitoring compatibility, the SD platform is beneficial for long‐term cell spheroid culture in a high throughput manner and provides a powerful tool for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug screening.
Electro‐Oxidative Coupling of Azoles with 2‐ and 3‐Haloindoles/Thiophenes Providing Access to 2/3‐Halo(Azol‐1‐Yl)Indoles/Thiophenes
Authors: Zhou Naifu , Yu Jianchao , LiyuanHou  , Wu Xing , Ruan Zhixiong , Feng Pengju 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis report discloses an electrochemical oxidative C−H/N−H cross coupling method for the synthesis of C‐2/C‐3 azolated halo‐indoles/thiophenes under metal catalyst‐free and external chemical oxidant free condition. Hydrogen gas was the only byproduct of this C−H/N−H cross‐coupling reaction. The synthetic utility of this electrochemical approach is highlighted by its easy scalabity and compatibility with highly functional indoles and azoles. The retention of halogen on the heterocycles could serve as a useful functional group for future late‐stage modifications.magnified image
A New Class of Carbon Nanostructures for High‐Performance Electro‐Magnetic and ‐Chemical Barriers
Authors: Park Jae Hui , Oh Yun Ji , Park Dong Yoon , Lee Joonsik , Park Jae Seo , Park Chong Rae , Kim Jae Ho , Kim Taehoon , Yang Seung Jae 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is of importance to explore a new carbon nanomaterial possessing vital functions to fulfill the high standards for practical achievement of the electromagnetic (EM) barrier for blocking EM waves and the electrochemical (EC) barrier as a functional separator for EC energy storage. Herein, facile synthesis of a new class of carbon nanostructures, which consist of interconnected N‐doped graphitic carbon nanocubes partially embedded by nickel nanoparticles, is described. The hollow interior of graphitic nanocube induces internal reflection of EM waves and confines active materials of EC energy storage. Nitrogen functionalities implanted in graphitic structure enhance electrical conductivity as well as improve chemical interaction with active materials. Furthermore, nickel nanoparticles in graphitic nanocube function as an EM wave‐absorbing material and an electrocatalyst for EC energy storage. Through comprehensive assessments, remarkable performances originating from distinctive nanostructures give new insights into structural design for the carbon nanostructure‐based high‐performance EM and EC barriers.
Temperature‐Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes and Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole Derivatives via Iridium Catalysis
Authors: Liu Siyu , Mao Hui , Qiao Jin , Zhang Xiaoning , Lu Yangbin , Gong Xin , Jia Aiqiong , Gu Linghui , Wu Xiaowei , Zhao Fei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe have achieved an Ir(III)‐catalyzed temperature‐controlled divergent synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole derivatives through C−H alkenylation/DG migration and [3+2] annulation, respectively. This method has various advantageous features: a) excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity and good functional group tolerance, b) broad substrate scope and moderate to excellent yields, c) mild redox‐neutral reaction conditions and operational simplicity.
Comparative Effectiveness of Stereotactic Electroencephalography Versus Subdural Grids in Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Jehi Lara , Morita‐Sherman Marcia , Love Thomas E. , Bartolomei Fabrice , Bingaman William , Braun Kees , Busch Robyn M. , Duncan John , Hader Walter J. , Luan Guoming , Rolston John D. , Schuele Stephan , Tassi Laura , Vadera Sumeet , Sheikh Shehryar , Najm Imad , Arain Amir , Bingaman Justin , Diehl Beate , de Tisi Jane , Rados Matea , Van Eijsden Pieter , Wahby Sandra , Wang Xiongfei , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare the outcomes of subdural electrode (SDE) implantations versus stereotactic electroencephalography (SEEG), the 2 predominant methods of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) performed in difficult‐to‐localize drug‐resistant focal epilepsy.MethodsThe Surgical Therapies Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy created an international registry of iEEG patients implanted between 2005 and 2019 with ≥1 year of follow‐up. We used propensity score matching to control exposure selection bias and generate comparable cohorts. Study endpoints were: (1) likelihood of resection after iEEG; (2) seizure freedom at last follow‐up; and (3) complications (composite of postoperative infection, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, or permanent neurological deficit).ResultsTen study sites from 7 countries and 3 continents contributed 2,012 patients, including 1,468 (73%) eligible for analysis (526 SDE and 942 SEEG), of whom 988 (67%) underwent subsequent resection. Propensity score matching improved covariate balance between exposure groups for all analyses. Propensity‐matched patients who underwent SDE had higher odds of subsequent resective surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05, 1.84) and higher odds of complications (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.34, 3.74; unadjusted: 9.6% after SDE vs 3.3% after SEEG). Odds of seizure freedom in propensity‐matched resected patients were 1.66 times higher (95% CI 1.21, 2.26) for SEEG compared with SDE (unadjusted: 55% seizure free after SEEG‐guided resections vs 41% after SDE).InterpretationIn comparison to SEEG, SDE evaluations are more likely to lead to brain surgery in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy but have more surgical complications and lower probability of seizure freedom. This comparative‐effectiveness study provides the highest feasible evidence level to guide decisions on iEEG. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:927–939
Construction of Tricyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles by a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Allenynes and Application to Polycyclic π‐Electron Systems
Authors: Komatsu Hiroki , Ikeuchi Takaya , Tsuno Hitomi , Arichi Norihito , Yasui Kosuke , Oishi Shinya , Inuki Shinsuke , Fukazawa Aiko , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA novel approach to the direct construction of tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles based on gold‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of aminoallenynes is described. The expected biscyclization reaction of hydroxyisobutyryl‐protected aminoallenynes was efficiently promoted by a catalytic amount of BrettPhosAuNTf2 in the presence of iPrOH to produce 1,2‐dihydrobenzo[cd]indole derivatives in good yields. When the reaction was combined with Friedel–Crafts acylation or palladium‐catalyzed N‐arylation, the resulting tricyclic products were efficiently converted into nitrogen‐containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N‐PACs) with highly conjugated π‐electron systems. A newly obtained hexacyclic indolium salt showed characteristic concentration‐dependent absorption and emission properties.