bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Snow Fences: International Practices
Authors: Mishina D. Yu. 
Published: November 2021

In winter, in the countries with snow covered regions, one of the main tasks of road maintenance is to combat snow deposits, snowpacks and snowdrifts on the roadway. Living snow fences consisting of tree and shrub plantings are among known world practices to protect roads against effects of snow deposits. They are environmentally friendly, durable and have great snow retention capacity. However, there are several constraints regarding application of those practices.The analysis of the design, spacing and planting schemes refers to Russian and foreign living snow fences used to protect highways, considers the features, advantages, and disadvantages of living fences in different countries. Japanese and American designs are reviewed as international experience. The influence of the state of trees on the efficiency of their snow-retaining function has been determined. As a result, the need for monitoring and proper maintenance of existing living snow fences throughout their life cycle was confirmed using the examples of surveys of forest plantations in Kazakhstan and in Volgograd region of the Russian Federation.The author presents promising directions for improving the structures and planting schemes of snow storage living fences, namely, an integrated approach to their design as of a protection not only against snowdrifts, but also against pollutants. Such solutions include the design of protective living fences using only tall shrubs, providing the best blowing of roadside areas and dispersion of contaminants. Another solution is to complement the species planted within living fences with willow and corn. Besides, referring to global climate changes, an important task for modern science has been identified, that is to update the current standards for the design of living fences under the current meteorological conditions.Recommendations on the use of mathematical modelling with the help of computer software are suggested regarding development of new configurations of living fences, assessment of their effectiveness, as well as on the adoption of modern technologies such as video cameras and drones during field tests.
Analysis of the Issue of Recovery of Low-Potential Energy at Small-Scale Energy Facilities
Authors: Dmitrenko A. V. , Kolpakov M. I. 
Published: November 2021

Studying the issues of recovery of low-potential energy at smallscale energy facilities allowed to show the promising character of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology as a technology for recovery or conversion of low-potential energy.The most promising developments in the field of the use and recovery of waste heat are described regarding application of ORC, which is widely used in geothermal sources, hot water boilers, gas turbine plants. Due to the constantly growing diversity of working fluids, ORC can be used within a wide temperature range from 100°C to over 350°C. Also, developments are underway in the design of ORC generators to increase reliability of its individual system units, such as turbines and expanders. Based on the above factors, it can be concluded that with a deeper study of the problems of adopting ORC technologies, they can become a very promising direction in development of heat power engineering.It has been determined that the main factor hindering the widespread adoption of the ORC technology is associated with high cost of heat exchange equipment due to increased heat exchange surfaces. It is shown that design of mini power plants and energy centres based on the use of low-potential energy requires improvement of mathematical modelling methods to reliably determine operating modes and characteristics of each of the units. Methods for modelling evaporation and condensation systems, including turbines and expanders using organic low-boiling working fluids, should be considered among the methods that are highly sought after. The methods for selecting a working fluid for ORC devices also have a significant impact on characteristics of the installation determining the range of cycle operating temperatures and pressures. The solution of the above problems can lead to a reduction in the cost of heat exchange equipment, and, consequently, to a decrease in costs for design of ORC generators.
Application of Digitalisation in Staffing Planning for Railway Infrastructure Maintenance
Authors: Kovalenko N. I. , Buchkin V. A. , Bykov Yu. A. , Grin E. N. 
Published: November 2021

Existing and suggested approaches to development of staffing plans regarding infrastructure maintenance are analysed from the point of view of ensuring interests of a railway infrastructure company, using example of JSC Russian Railways.The existing methodology of planning workforce involved in maintenance of the railway infrastructure is based on the use of average values of parameters resulted from monitoring of the state of infrastructure structures, roadbed and track devices conducted monthly, as well as during autumn and spring continuous inspections and checks of the track. The received values of work to be performed only implicitly reflect the required number of workers, effective involvement in operation, and efficiency of each worker.The modern trend towards digitalisation and cybernation of all processes, when organising maintenance of the track infrastructure, provides for maximum social adaptation of production processes to requests of owners, tasks of organisers and interests of performers. Staff planning based only on the volume of work to be performed does not allow digitalisation and social cybernation of an individual performer.The syntagmatic component of such an algorithm is the monthly total worked time, which is determined by the actual engagement of each performer. The paradigmatic component of such models should be the same daily number of performers. The stage of preliminary assessment of application of the proposed algorithm for digitalisation and social cybernation of workforce planning supposed an increase in labour productivity, approximately by 20–25 %, an increase in quality of work and a more effective assessment of activities of each performer.
ICAO: Runway Safety Training
Authors: Editorial Article 
Published: November 2021

ICAO will partner with ACI, IATA and CANSO on new runway safety training initiative.The new online course has been specifically designed for air traffic controllers and aeronautical information service staff. It will be available for enrolment in April of this year on the ICAO Global Aviation Training website. The course complements existing courses developed in cooperation with Airports Council International (ACI) for airport operations staff, and with IATA for flight crews.
Goals and Risks of Activity as Factors of Regulation in Social Systems in Transport Sector
Authors: Filippova N. A. , Bashmakov I. A. , Kochegur D. Yu. 
Published: November 2021

Significant changes that are currently taking place in the external environment are objective prerequisites for emergence of new management methods that predetermine the practical period of transition of enterprises from strategic planning to strategic management (transfer of thinking based on the future to the thinking based on the present following the principle «here and now»).So, for example, large production structures focus on stability, therefore they react slowly to changes in the external environment, take little risks, and tend to traditional solutions. Modifying options developed at large enterprises are developing what is, as well as complementing and differentiating the existing situation, where the limited possibilities of any kind of evolution of any system can exist solely within its limits.Efficiency reflects the results of development, but is not identical with the results, because no saving of some factors of production can be achieved without additional costs of others. The strategy turns here into real one only if it based on the concept of developing new specific products or processes subject to the following indicator of progress: the maximum earned with the minimum of expenditures.The objective of the study is to identify modern regulatory factors in social systems in transport sector concealed in the goals and risks of such activities, while the main object of study is road transportation. The article uses methods of theoretical and empirical research in relation to goals and risks that can be determined and observed in the activities of transport sociotechnical systems.Goals and risks are defined as factors that allow regulating key performance indicators of socio-technical systems that affect their effectiveness.
Review of the book «Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes»
Authors: Matrosova A. Yu. 
Published: November 2021

Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 1. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2020, 611 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040758-9.Proceedings on the Self-Checking Embedded Control Circuits Synthesis Theory Based on Binary Redundant Codes. Vol. 2. Moscow, Nauka publ., 2021, 527 p. ISBN 978-5-02-040757-2.The first volume of the book includes papers devoted to three main areas of research in the field of synthesis of self-checking discrete systems: study of features of classical sum codes (Berger codes), modular sum codes, as well as their modifications proposed by the authors of the articles; study of features of codes for which check bits are obtained using convolutions modulo М = 2 of a part of data bits (polynomial codes and classical Hamming codes); research of the Boolean Complement method for organisation of self-checking discrete systems based on redundant binary codes. Materials are provided on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of redundant binary codes under the condition of errorfree check bits, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown modified sum codes and features of methods for synthesizing self-checking discrete systems based on binary redundant codes.The second volume of the book includes papers in the field of constructing binary sum codes weighted bits and transitions between bits occupying adjacent positions in data vectors of code words, as well as the results of studying their characteristics and methods of synthesising coding equipment. The issues of application of features of codes in organisation of self-checking discrete systems are considered. The reader will find on the pages of this volume materials on detailed characteristics of error detection in data bits of weight-based sum codes provided that the check bits are error-free, descriptions of methods for constructing previously unknown weight-based sum codes and features of methods for synthesising self-checking discrete systems based on them.The book can be useful for developers, researchers and engineers working in the field of technical diagnostics of discrete systems and synthesis of systems with fault detection, as well as students studying computer science, computer technology and automation.
Mathematical Modelling of Tank Wagon Vibrations Considering Partially Filling of the Tank with Liquid Cargo
Authors: Grigoriev P. S. , Korzhin S. N. , Ibodulloev Sh. R. , Tran Phu Thuan 
Published: November 2021

Mathematical modelling of processes of motion makes it possible to assess the dynamic characteristics of a wagon at the stage of its design. However, it is necessary to consider the type of cargo transported, the movement of which affects the values of these features.The paper considers a mathematical model of an eight-axle railway tank wagon developed using the Lagrange’s equation of the second kind. The considered mathematical model suggests an approach based on the consideration of the influence of the energy of a liquid cargo in a steady state of motion. This influence was considered by evaluating the kinetic and potential energies of vibrations of the transported liquid cargo.Differential equations of vibration compiled for the model under consideration represent the liquid cargo as a solid. The approach for considering the effect of liquid cargo during vibrations of a tank wagon assumes that the total volume of the displaced liquid approximately corresponds to the volume of the layer of the fluid determined by displacement of bouncing, or in the case of galloping, with an angular displacement of one end section of the tank wagon, the second section rises by the same value, in other words, we observe the system of communicating vessels. Based on these assumptions, energy additions are obtained that consider movement of a liquid cargo under steady-state modes of motion.According to the proposed approach, preliminary calculations were performed, and the results obtained were assessed. The results obtained showed satisfactory convergence with the calculations carried out using other approaches to modelling of the processes of movement of railway tank wagons.
Classification of Objects of Supply Chain Management to Ensure Their Sustainability
Authors: Tarasenko E. A. 
Published: November 2021

Classifications of objects of supply chain management create the basis for managing their sustainability. The author proposes a hierarchy of priorities regarding managed objects − systems, processes and relations, which implies creation of adequate anticrisis measures for operational management of resource flows.The objectives of the study are to clarify and supplement classifications of supply chain management objects based on their qualitative characteristics. The tasks of the study are to identify the problems of classification of objects of supply chain management, to determine the prerequisites and to determine ways to solve these problems.The methodological basis of the research is formed by the provisions of logistics as a science of resource flow management and supply chain management as a science of managing systems and processes of creating value for end users of products and/or services.Logical-structural methods and tools of binary matrices have allowed to develop classifications of flows of the first (A) and second (B) levels, creating basis for adoption of codes of those flows indicating types of systems and processes and ensuring thus their sustainability. The proposed hierarchy of prioritisation of managed objects reveals the dependences that govern the anti-crisis measures of operation management of resource flows. The research results make it possible to eliminate the contradictions between the goals of the supply chain links (suppliers) and requirement chains (consumers) and, on this basis, to organise their effective interaction.
Modelling and Optimisation of the Business Process of Documentary Support of Cargo Transportation for Building a Digital Document Management System
Authors: Efimova O. V. , Surodin Yu. N. 
Published: November 2021

The objective of the work is to analyse the examples of optimisation of documentary support system regarding rail cargo transportation based on the transition to the electronic form of documents.The theoretical concept of modelling the business process of documentary support of cargo transportation is developed using the ARIS (Architecture of Integrated information Systems) software, which is used for development of an integrated process model of the activities of many manufacturing and transportation companies in Russia and in the world [1].The subject of the research is modelling of the document circulation system supporting cargo transportation to eliminate losses in a significant part of the processes of interaction with customers. The objective of business process modelling is to use all the advantages and functionality of case tools to eliminate duplication of actions and operations that do not add value to the customers of the transport company but reduce their loyalty to the products and services of railway transportation. The studied business processes ensure formation of an application for transportation and its transformation during the transportation process.The study reflects the results of modelling business processes for documentary support of transportation in digital form. A comparative analysis of these models is followed by description of the advantages of the electronic documents in comparison with their paper form considering a possibility of using a digital signature.
Une évaluation de l’effet du crédit d’impôt pour prolongation de carrière sur l’emploi et le taux d’activité des travailleurs de 60 ans et plus au Québec
Authors: Cousineau Jean-Michel , Tircher Pierre 
Published: November 2021

En 2012, le gouvernement du Québec, à l’instar de la Suède et de l’Australie qui l’avaient précédé, mettait en place le Crédit d’impôt pour les travailleurs d’expérience afin d’inciter les travailleurs âgés à demeurer ou à revenir sur le marché du travail. Ce programme est devenu le Crédit d’impôt pour prolongation de carrière (CIPC) en 2019. Le présent article évalue l’effet de ce crédit d’impôt sur le taux d’activité et d’emploi des travailleurs âgés par la méthode des différences dans les différences, en s’appuyant sur les microdonnées à grande diffusion de l’ Enquête sur la population active de Statistique Canada et en prenant l’Ontario comme groupe de référence. L’analyse probit indique un effet positif et significatif du CIPC sur la probabilité d’emploi ou d’activité dans la plupart des sous-groupes d’âge et de sexe des personnes de 60 ans et plus. Au total, sur la période de 2012 à 2019, les auteurs estiment que cette politique a contribué à maintenir ou à combler un peu moins de 27 000 emplois en moyenne par année chez les 60 ans et plus, à un coût annuel moyen de 4 800 $ par emploi, ce qui place le Québec dans une position avantageuse par rapport à des pays qui ont adopté des politiques semblables. Ainsi, un programme qui cible les classes d’âge et de revenu peut améliorer significativement la performance de cet outil fiscal.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FETAL ADRENAL GLAND BIOMETRY AND CERVICAL LENGTH AS A PREDICTOR OF PRETERM BIRTH
Authors: Jain Toshi , Agrawal Megha , Sharma Anju 
Published: November 2021

Background: Preterm birth is an important challenge in obstetrics and contemporary perinatology in India. Timely recognition, intervention and appropriate management is integral in curbing the upsurge in its incidence and consequent poor perinatal outcome. This study was conducted taking into account the potential mechanism of preterm labor: premature activation of the placental-adrenal endocrine axis wherein elevation of maternal cortisol leads to an increased production of placental corticotrophin releasing hormone which causes an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone produced by the fetal zone of the adrenal gland and its enlargement. This activates a cascade leading to early loss of uterine quiescence, consequently causing cervical modelling, ripening and preterm birth.
Aim and Objectives: To assess fetal adrenal gland volume, fetal zone enlargement and cervical length on ultrasound and compare their efficacy in the prediction of preterm birth.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study in which pregnant women with an uncomplicated live singleton pregnancy between 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were subjected to obstetric ultrasonography wherein fetal adrenal gland volume, fetal zone enlargement and cervical length was measured. They were then followed up until their delivery, whether term or preterm and its correlation with fetal adrenal gland parameters and cervical length was assessed.
Result: Corrected fetal adrenal gland volume showed the highest sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 96.7% with a cut off value of 632.50 mm3/kg while fetal zone enlargement showed a sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 60.9% respectively. Cervical length was found to be the least important marker for predicting the preterm birth as having the least AUC as 0.209, sensitivity as 36.4 % and specificity as 76.1%.
Conclusion: This study concludes that fetal adrenal gland biometry can be used as a noninvasive, cost effective and potential new marker for the prediction of preterm birth and is a better predictor than cervical length.
Keywords: Preterm, Cervical length, Adrenal biometry.
FETAL ADRENAL GLAND BIOMETRY: A POTENTIAL PREDICTOR OF PRETERM BIRTH
Authors: Jain Toshi , Agrawal Megha , Sharma Anju 
Published: November 2021

Background: Preterm birth is an important challenge in obstetrics and contemporary perinatology in India. Timely recognition, intervention and appropriate management is integral in curbing the upsurge in its incidence and consequent poor perinatal outcome. This study was conducted taking into account the potential mechanism of preterm labor: premature activation of the placental-adrenal endocrine axis wherein elevation of maternal cortisol leads to an increased production of placental corticotrophin releasing hormone which causes an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone produced by the fetal zone of the adrenal gland and its enlargement. This activates a cascade leading to early loss of uterine quiescence, consequently causing cervical modelling, ripening and preterm birth.
Aim and Objectives: To assess fetal adrenal gland volume and fetal zone enlargement on ultrasound and evaluate its efficacy in the prediction of preterm birth.
Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study in which pregnant women with an uncomplicated live singleton pregnancy between 28 to 34 weeks of gestation were subjected to obstetric ultrasonography wherein fetal adrenal gland volume and fetal zone enlargement was measured. They were then followed up until their delivery, whether term or preterm and its correlation with fetal adrenal gland parameters was assessed.
Result: Corrected fetal adrenal gland volume showed the highest sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 96.7% with a cut off value of 632.50 mm3/kg while fetal zone enlargement showed a sensitivity and specificity of 72.7% and 60.9% respectively.
Conclusion: This study concludes that fetal adrenal gland biometry can be used as a noninvasive, cost effective and potential new marker for the prediction of preterm birth.
Edukasi Pentingnya Penggunaan Sunscreen pada Kalangan Remaja di SMA Islam Sabilillah Malang
Authors: Asmiati Elva , Atmadani Rizka Novia , Damayanti Fitria Dwi , Setiawan Risma Ayu 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this community service is to provide the students knowledge about the benefits and importance of using sunscreen in everyday life. Based on the several steps of the method we used, starting from the preparation of the event, pre-test before giving the material, then giving the material through Power-point slides, post-test evaluation, and closing. Partners in this service are students at Sabilillah Islamic High School Malang. The instrument in giving the material is power point and to do the pre-test and post-test using the google form platform. The results of this service is an increase in the knowledge of the students at Sabilillah Islamic High School Malang which can be seen in the pre- and post-test scores of respondents' knowledge of the material provided. The value shows an increase from before and after the provision of material which indicates that the provision of education has succeeded in increasing knowledge for students at Sabilillah Islamic High School Malang.