bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis as cause of persistent jaundice in patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Bütikofer Simon , Lenggenhager Daniela , Wendel Garcia Pedro D. , Maggio Ewerton M. , Haberecker Martina , Reiner Cäcilia S. , Brüllmann Gregor , Buehler Philipp K. , Gubler Christoph , Müllhaupt Beat , Jüngst Christoph , Morell Bernhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsLittle is known about cholestasis, including its most severe variant secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC), in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). In this study, we analysed the occurrence of cholestatic liver injury and SSC, including clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological findings.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single‐centre analysis of all consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) as a result of severe COVID‐19 at the University Hospital Zurich to describe cholestatic injury in these patients. The findings were compared to a retrospective cohort of patients with severe influenza A.ResultsA total of 34 patients with severe COVID‐19 admitted to the ICU were included. Of these, 14 patients (41%) had no cholestasis (group 0), 11 patients (32%, group 1) developed mild and 9 patients (27%, group 2) severe cholestasis. Patients in group 2 had a more complicated disease course indicated by significantly longer ICU stay (median 51 days, IQR 25‐86.5) than the other groups (group 0: median 9.5 days, IQR 3.8‐18.3, P = .001; and group 1: median 16 days, IQR 8‐30, P < .05 respectively). Four patients in group 2 developed SSC compared to none in the influenza A cohort. The available histopathological findings suggest an ischaemic damage to the perihilar bile ducts.ConclusionsThe development of SSC represents an important complication of critically ill COVID‐19 patients and needs to be considered in the diagnostic work up in prolonged cholestasis. The occurrence of SSC is of interest in the ongoing pandemic since it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.
Genotype–Environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change
Authors: Vranken Sofie , Wernberg Thomas , Scheben Armin , Severn‐Ellis Anita Alice , Batley Jacqueline , Bayer Philipp Emanuel , Edwards David , Wheeler David , Coleman Melinda Ann 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change is increasingly impacting ecosystems globally. Understanding adaptive genetic diversity and whether it will keep pace with projected climatic change is necessary to assess species’ vulnerability and design efficient mitigation strategies such as assisted adaptation. Kelp forests are the foundations of temperate reefs globally but are declining in many regions due to climate stress. A lack of knowledge of kelp's adaptive genetic diversity hinders assessment of vulnerability under extant and future climates. Using 4245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we characterized patterns of neutral and putative adaptive genetic diversity for the dominant kelp in the southern hemisphere (Ecklonia radiata) from ~1000 km of coastline off Western Australia. Strong population structure and isolation‐by‐distance was underpinned by significant signatures of selection related to temperature and light. Gradient forest analysis of temperature‐linked SNPs under selection revealed a strong association with mean annual temperature range, suggesting adaptation to local thermal environments. Critically, modelling revealed that predicted climate‐mediated temperature changes will probably result in high genomic vulnerability via a mismatch between current and future predicted genotype–environment relationships such that kelp forests off Western Australia will need to significantly adapt to keep pace with projected climate change. Proactive management techniques such as assisted adaptation to boost resilience may be required to secure the future of these kelp forests and the immense ecological and economic values they support.
Fine root production in a chronosequence of mature reforested mangroves
Authors: Arnaud Marie , Morris Paul J. , Baird Andy J. , Dang Huyen , Nguyen Tai Tue 
Published: May 2021

Summary

Mangroves are among the world’s most carbon‐dense ecosystems, but have suffered extensive deforestation, prompting reforestation projects. The effects of mangrove reforestation on belowground carbon dynamics are poorly understood. In particular, we do not know how fine root production develops following mangrove reforestation, despite fine root production being a major carbon sink and an important control of mangrove soil accretion.

Using minirhizotrons, we investigated fine root production and its depth variation along a chronosequence of mature Vietnamese mangroves.

Our results showed that fine root production decreases strongly with stand age in the uppermost 32 cm of our soil profiles. In younger mangrove stands, fine root production declines with depth, possibly due to a vertical gradient in soil nutrient availability; while root production in the oldest stand is low at all depths and exhibits no clear vertical pattern. A major fraction of fine root production occurs deeper than 30 cm, depths that are commonly omitted from calculations of mangrove carbon budgets.

Younger mangroves may accrue shallow soil organic matter faster than older mangroves. Therefore, root productivity and forest stand age should be accounted for when forecasting mangrove carbon budgets and resistance to sea‐level rise.
Diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible: A case‐report following the treatment over a 12‐year period
Authors: Mayor Serena , Patel Vinod , Sproat Chris 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (DSO) is a rare inflammatory disease of the bone with a poorly understood aetiology. We present a case of a 26‐year‐old female with DSO, who has been living with this condition for over 12 years. Many different therapies have been used to attempt to manage her symptoms. She is currently taking oral alendronic acid when she is symptomatic. This case report demonstrates the complexity of managing cases of DSO, as we focus on the multiple treatment modalities used in this case and the response to these. Many cases in literature discuss the use of intravenous bisphosphonates, however, this is linked with a higher risk of medically related osteonecrosis of the jaw. In addition to other reported case studies and research, this case provides further evidence to support the use of oral bisphosphonates in the management of DSO.
Impact of Tibial Component Coronal Alignment on Knee Joint Biomechanics Following Fixed‐bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Nie Yong , Yu Qiang , Shen Bin 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has indicated a higher rate of revision than total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The success of UKA depends on UKA component alignment, fixation, and soft tissue integrity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different tibial component alignments in the coronal plane on the stress distribution in UKA. It was hypothesized that the stress distribution would approach native knee when the tibial component was neutrally positioned.MethodsThe left legs from two healthy volunteers were considered to represent the geometric native knee models. All bones within the knee joint were extracted from the three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). MRI was used to generate cartilage, menisci, and four major ligaments. The UKA components were virtually implanted in the medial compartment of the knee model using MIMICS. A total of five different configurations of UKA tibial obliquity in the coronal plane (neutral, 3° varus, 6° varus, 3° valgus, and 6° valgus) were adopted and investigated. Subject‐specific inhomogeneous material properties of bones were used in the finite element analysis (FEA) model. The von Mises stress in the tibia platform and proximal tibia, and the load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments were extracted and compared among the five different configurations.ResultsThe inhomogeneous material properties of the trabecular bone were closer to real physics than traditional homogeneous methods. Neutral and 3° varus alignments of the tibial component in the coronal plane have better stress distribution between medial and lateral compartment as healthy knee models, and less stress‐shielding effects than other UKA configurations. The stress pathway under the medial tibia platform in neutral and 3° varus UKA configurations was similar and more obvious than the other three UKA configurations. Notably, the stress of the medial tibia platform in the 3° varus UKA models was more homogenous than the neutral UKA configuration. The 6° varus, 3° valgus, and 6° valgus UKA models had higher stress at the location of anterolateral and posterolateral tibia platform than other UKA configurations.ConclusionNeutral or 3° varus positioned in the coronal plane for the tibial component could be the optimal alignment for UKA. Excessive varus or valgus obliquity in the coronal plane lead to significant differences in bone stress transfer and load distribution in the knee, and increase the risk of UKA failure.
E‐learning cultural competence for public health workers: A feasibility and pilot study
Authors: Chae Duckhee , Kim Yunekyong , Ryu Jeeheon , Asami Keiko , Kim Jaseon , Kim Kukhyeon 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a seven‐module e‐learning for enhancing cultural competence of public health workers.DesignThe study was based on the framework of the new Medical Research Council; a mixed methods design was used.SampleA four‐week pilot cluster‐randomized controlled trial was conducted with 39 public health workers and 74 migrants in South Korea. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy were assessed according to initiation, retention, adherence, usability, acceptability, individual and organizational cultural competence, and migrant trust and satisfaction. Quantitative data were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Focus group interviews were conducted with eight public health workers at 12 weeks.ResultsInitiation, retention, and adherence rates were high. Participants agreed on acceptability, but exhibited mixed results on usability. Participants were satisfied with “well‐structured content,” “authentic case stories and videos,” “increased interest in migrant care,” and “opportunity for self‐reflection.” However, “flawless and trouble‐free system,” “screen design for easy navigation,” “instructor's expertise,” and “more situational cases and videos” were desired. Statistically significant differences were observed for individual cultural competence, migrant trust, and satisfaction.ConclusionGenerally, the intervention seems feasible and has preliminary efficacy, yet usability improvement is necessary for full‐scale randomized controlled trials.
Contemporary Concise Review 2020: Sleep
Authors: Ainge‐Allen Henry W. , Yee Brendon J. , Ip Mary S. M. 
Published: May 2021

SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) now affects one‐seventh of the world's population.
Treatment of even mild OSA can improve daytime sleepiness and quality of life.
Recent modifications to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty may make it a more widely applicable treatment option in selected patients with OSA.
Diet and exercise have effects on sleep apnoea severity independent of weight loss.
Insomnia has become increasingly common during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.
Spillover of zoonotic pathogens: A review of reviews
Authors: Sánchez Cecilia A. , Venkatachalam‐Vaz Joy , Drake John M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractZoonotic spillover and subsequent disease emergence cause significant, long‐lasting impacts on our social, economic, environmental and political systems. Identifying and averting spillover transmission is crucial for preventing outbreaks and mitigating infectious disease burdens. Investigating the processes that lead to spillover fundamentally involves interactions between animals, humans, pathogens and the environments they inhabit. Accordingly, it is recognized that transdisciplinary approaches provide a more holistic understanding of spillover phenomena. To characterize the discourse about spillover within and between disciplines, we conducted a review of review papers about spillover from multiple disciplines. We systematically searched and screened literature from several databases to identify a corpus of review papers from ten academic disciplines. We performed qualitative content analysis on text where authors described either a spillover pathway, or a conceptual gap in spillover theory. Cluster analysis of pathway data identified nine major spillover processes discussed in the review literature. We summarized the main features of each process, how different disciplines contributed to them, and identified specialist and generalist disciplines based on the breadth of processes they studied. Network analyses showed strong similarities between concepts reviewed by ‘One Health’ disciplines (e.g. Veterinary Science & Animal Health, Public Health & Medicine, Ecology & Evolution, Environmental Science), which had broad conceptual scope and were well‐connected to other disciplines. By contrast, awas focused on processes that are relatively overlooked by other disciplines, especially those involving food behaviour and livestock husbandry practices. Virology and Cellular & Molecular Biology were narrower in scope, primarily focusing on concepts related to adaption and evolution of zoonotic viruses. Finally, we identified priority areas for future research into zoonotic spillover by studying the gap data.
Real-Time State of Charge Estimation of the Extended Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter Algorithms Under Different Working Conditions
Authors: Peng Xiongbin , Li Yuwu , Yang Wei , Garg Akhil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the battery management system (BMS), the state of charge (SOC) is a very influential factor, which can prevent overcharge and over-discharge of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). This paper proposed a battery modeling and online battery parameter identification method based on the Thevenin equivalent circuit model (ECM) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm with forgetting factor. The proposed model proved to have high accuracy. The error between the ECM terminal voltage value and the actual value basically fluctuates between ±0.1 V. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm were applied to estimate the SOC of the battery based on the proposed model. The SOC experimental results obtained under dynamic stress test (DST), federal urban driving schedule (FUDS), and US06 cycle conditions were analyzed. The maximum deviation of the SOC based on EKF was 1.4112–2.5988%, and the maximum deviation of the SOC based on UKF was 0.3172–0.3388%. The SOC estimation method based on UKF and RLS provides a smaller deviation and better adaptability in different working conditions, which makes it more implementable in a real-world automobile application.
Effect of Viscosity Transition on Oil Flow in Shale and Tight Rocks
Authors: Cui Jiangfeng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It has been frequently hypothesized that there is an “effective immobile layer” attached at the solid–liquid interface to represent the hindering effect because of the complicated composition on the flow of crude oil in nanopores. Nevertheless, the resulting viscosity discontinuity is physically problematic, and the effect of viscosity transition was not incorporated. In this paper, based on the reduced form of the continuous viscosity profile, the numerical and analytical models for reduced velocity profiles (quantifying the magnitude and the shape) and the reduced pore radius (the ratio of equivalent and actual pore radii) are obtained and compared with each other, respectively. The reduced pore radius establishes a link between the “effective immobile-layer” simplification and the viscosity transition. Detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the impact of viscosity transition (indicated by the curvature constant and the viscosity ratio) on the reduced viscosity profile, reduced velocity profiles, and the reduced pore radius, separately. Results show the microscale flow patterns that cannot be reflected by the existing body of methodology. This work is important for understanding the flow characteristics of crude oil in shale and tight rocks, where nanopores are dominating and the effect of the interfacial viscosity transition can be significant.
Environmental and Psychophysical Heat Stress in Adolescent Tennis Athletes
Authors: Misailidi Maria , Mantzios Konstantinos , Papakonstantinou Christos , Ioannou Leonidas G. , Flouris Andreas D. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: We investigated the environmental conditions in which all outdoor International Tennis Federation (ITF) junior tournaments (athlete ages: <18 y) were held during 2010–2019. Thereafter, we performed a crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04197375) assessing the efficacy of head–neck precooling for mitigating the heat-induced psychophysical and performance impacts on junior athletes during tennis match play. Methods: ITF junior tournament information was collected. We identified meteorological data from nearby (13.6 [20.3] km) weather stations for 3056 (76%) tournaments. Results: Overall, 30.1% of tournaments were held in hot (25°C–30°C wet-bulb globe temperature [WBGT]; 25.9%), very hot (30°C–35°C WBGT; 4.1%), or extremely hot (>35°C WBGT; 0.1%) conditions. Thereafter, 8 acclimatized male junior tennis athletes (age = 16.0 [0.9] y; height = 1.82 [0.04] m; weight = 71.3 [11.1] kg) were evaluated during 2 matches: one with head–neck precooling (27.7°C [2.2°C] WBGT) and one without (27.9°C [1.8°C] WBGT). Head–neck precooling reduced athletes’ core temperature from 36.9°C (0.2°C) to 36.4°C (0.2°C) (P = .001; d = 2.4), an effect reduced by warm-up. Head–neck precooling reduced skin temperature (by 0.3°C [1.3°C]) for the majority of the match and led to improved (P < .05) perceived exertion (by 13%), thermal comfort (by 14%), and thermal sensation (by 15%). Muscle temperature, heart rate, body weight, and urine specific gravity remained unaffected (P ≥ .05; d < 0.2). Small or moderate improvements were observed in most performance parameters assessed (d = 0.20–0.79). Conclusions: Thirty percent of the last decade’s ITF junior tournaments were held in hot, very hot, or extremely hot conditions (25°C–36°C WBGT). In such conditions, head–neck precooling may somewhat lessen the physiological and perceptual heat strain and lead to small to moderate improvements in the match-play performance of adolescent athletes.
The Effect of Resistance Exercise Priming in the Morning on Afternoon Sprint Cross-Country Skiing Performance
Authors: Rud Bjarne , Øygard Eivind , Dahl Even B. , Paulsen Gøran , Losnegard Thomas 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: We tested whether a single session of heavy-load resistance priming conducted in the morning improved double-poling (DP) performance in the afternoon. Methods: Eight national-level male cross-country skiers (mean [SD]: 23 [3] y, 184 [6] cm, 73 [7] kg, maximum oxygen consumption = 69 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) carried out 2 days of afternoon performance tests. In the morning, 5 hours before tests, subjects were counterbalanced to either a session of 3 × 3 repetitions (approximately 85%–90% 1-repetition maximum) of squat and sitting pullover exercises or no exercise. The performance was evaluated in DP as time to exhaustion (TTE) (approximately 3 min) on a treadmill and 30-m indoor sprints before and after TTE (30-m DP pre/post). Furthermore, submaximal DP oxygen cost, countermovement jump, and isometric knee-extension force during electrical stimulation were conducted. Participants reported perceived readiness on test days. Results: Resistance exercise session versus no exercise did not differ for TTE (approximately 3 min above) (mean ± 95% confidence interval = 3.6% ± 6.0%; P = .29; effect size [ES], Cohen d = 0.27), 30-m DP pre (−0.56% ± 0.80%; P = .21; ES = 0.20), 30-m DP post (−0.18% ± 1.13%; P = .76; ES = 0.03), countermovement jump (−2.0% ± 2.8%; P = .21; ES = 0.12), DP oxygen cost (−0.13% ± 2.04%; P = .91; ES = 0.02), or perceived readiness (P ≥ .11). Electrical stimulation force was not different in contraction or relaxation time but revealed low-frequency fatigue in the afternoon for the resistance exercise session only (−12% [7%]; P = .01; ES = 1.3). Conclusion: A single session of heavy-load, low-volume resistance exercise in the morning did not increase afternoon DP performance of short duration in high-level skiers. However, leg low-frequency fatigue after resistance priming, together with the presence of small positive effects in 2 out of 3 DP tests, may indicate that the preconditioning was too strenuous.
Synthesis of (E)-5-Arylvinyl-7-methyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
Authors: Gein V. L. , Prudnikova A. N. , Kurbatova A. A. , Dmitriev M. V. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A three-component reaction of 5-aminotetrazole with aromatic aldehydes and
acetylacetone under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions at a temperature of
150–160°С proceeds with the formation of (E)-5-arylvinyl-7-methyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. 5,7-Dimethyltetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is formed as a side-product of the reaction.
Neuronal exosome proteins: novel biomarkers for predicting neonatal response to therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Pineles Beth , Mani Arunmani , Sura Livia , Rossignol Candace , Albayram Mehmet , Weiss Michael David , Goetzl Laura 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveCentral nervous system (CNS) derived exosomes can be purified from peripheral blood and have been used widely in adult neurological disease. Application to neonatal neurological disease deserves investigation in the setting of hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).DesignObservational cohort.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit.ParticipantsTerm/near-term neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for HIE.InterventionsBlood samples were collected at 0–6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours of life.Main outcomes and measuresCNS exosomes were purified from serum using previously described methods. Biomarker protein levels were quantified using standard ELISA methods and normalised to exosome marker CD-81. The slope of change for biomarker levels was calculated for each time interval. Our primary outcome was MRI basal ganglia/watershed score of ≥3.Results26 subjects were included (umbilical artery pH range 6.6–7.29; 35% seizures). An increasing MRI injury score was significantly associated with decreasing levels of synaptopodin between 0–6 and 12 hours (p=0.03) and increasing levels of lipocalin-2 (NGAL) between 12 and 48 hours (p<0.0001). Neuronal pentraxin was not significant. The negative predictive values for increasing synaptopodin and decreasing NGAL was 70.0% and 90.9%, respectively.Conclusions and relevanceOur results indicate that CNS exosome cargo has the potential to act as biomarkers of the severity of brain injury and response to TH as well as quantify pharmacological response to neuroactive therapeutic/adjuvant agents. Rigorous prospective trials are critical to evaluate potential clinical use of exosome biomarkers.