bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care of Older People in Surgery for general surgery: a single centre experience
Authors: Thu Khin , Nguyen Huong P. T. , Gogulan Thurairajasingam , Cox Michael , Close Jacqueline , Norris Christina , Sharma Anita 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder patients undergoing emergency surgery experience higher mortality and morbidity. ‘Care of Older People in Surgery’ (COPS) is a comprehensive geriatric care model developed for acute surgical units (ASU) to improve clinical outcomes in older general surgical patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COPS on clinical and health service outcomes in an Australian hospital.MethodsThe before‐and‐after study was conducted in the ASU, at Nepean Hospital. Data from patients ≥75 years admitted for >24 h into the ASU during the intervention period between April 2017 and March 2018 were compared to patients admitted in the previous year (April 2016 to March 2017) prior to the COPS intervention (n = 212). Health service outcomes measured include the average stay length, medical emergency team response, unplanned intensive care unit admission and 28‐day readmission rates.ResultsThe COPS group (n = 214) suffered significantly fewer medical complications, including less acute kidney injuries, arrhythmias and urinary tract infections compared to the pre‐intervention cohort (n = 212). Medical emergency team activation was significantly reduced after COPS model implementation and the average length of stay decreased. However, the incidence of postoperative delirium and acute coronary syndrome were higher in COPS cohort.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that comprehensive geriatric assessment and care delivered through a shared model of care in older general surgical patients improved clinical outcome and patient safety measures.
Positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes in low rectal cancer: should we change our practice now?
Authors: Gartrell Richard , Hong Michael K.‐Y. , Baker Ali , Master Mobin , Gibbs Peter , Arslan Janan , Croxford Matthew , Yeung Justin M. , Faragher Ian G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) in the treatment of patients with low rectal cancer with enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLN+) is under investigation. Enthusiasm for LLND stems from a perceived reduction in local recurrence (LR). We aimed to compare the LR rate for LLN+ patients with LLN− patients, treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery, in a hospital that does not perform LLND.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients with clinical stage 3 low rectal cancer who completed nCRT and surgery between 2008 and 2017 at Western Health was performed. Outcomes for LLN+ patients were compared with LLN− patients. The primary outcome was LR. Secondary outcomes included distant metastases, disease‐free survival and overall survival.ResultsThere were 110 patients treated for stage 3 low rectal cancer over 10 years. There was no significant difference in the LR rate, with one LR from 28 LLN+ patients and one LR from 82 LLN− patients (4% versus 1.2%, P = 0.44). There were no significant differences in median disease‐free survival (41 versus 52 months, P = 0.19) or mean overall survival (62 versus 60 months, P = 0.80). Of all patients studied, 21% developed distant metastases.ConclusionLR after nCRT and surgery in patients with stage 3 rectal cancer is rare, irrespective of lateral pelvic node status. These data, along with the uncertain benefit and known risks of LLND, supports the continued use of standard therapy in these patients. Strategies to address distant failure in these patients should be explored.
A preliminary investigation of a novel method to manipulate penis length to measure female sexual satisfaction: a single‐case experimental design
Authors: Veale David , Vaidya Aashay , Papageorgiou Andriani , Foks Melissa , Giona Simone , Hodsoll John , Freeston Mark , Muir Gordon 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesTo investigate a novel methodology and explore whether artificially reducing the depth of penetration during intercourse matters to women.Study Design and MethodsA study with a single‐case experimental design (‘n of 1’), in which a heterosexual couple act as their own control and the study is then replicated in subsequent couples, was conducted. Thirty‐five couples were assessed for eligibility to participate. Twenty‐nine couples without any sexual problems were randomized and 12 submitted sufficient data to analyse. As a proxy for reducing penis length, we artificially reduced the depth of penetration by using different sizes of silicone rings around the base of the man's erect penis. The main outcome measures were provided by the female partner on a scale of 0–100 and comprised: degree of (i) overall sexual pleasure; (ii) sexual pleasure from intercourse alone; and (iii) emotional connection to the male partner. The female partner was also asked before the experiment began to rate the degree of positive or negative change that would be personally meaningful for her.ResultsOn average, reducing the depth of penetration led to a statistically significant 18% reduction of overall sexual pleasure with an average 15% reduction in length of the penis. The longer the erect penis, the less likely the rings were to have an impact on sexual pleasure. There was a range of individual responses, however, with a minority of women reporting that reducing the depth of penetration was more pleasurable on some occasions.ConclusionsSize may matter in women in a healthy stable relationship when there is penile shortening. Because of the small number of couples and the inclusion of men with an apparently long penis, our results are preliminary, and we welcome replication in a larger sample with a more diverse range of penile lengths. Our results should not be misinterpreted as meaning that increasing penile length will increase sexual pleasure in women.
Epigenetic‐based therapy in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Novel opportunities for personalized treatment
Authors: Benincasa Giuditta , Vasco Maria , Corrado Alessio , Sansone Annunziata , Picascia Antonietta , Napoli Claudio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrent management of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) lacks immunosuppressant drugs able to block the host immune response toward the graft antigens. Novel treatments may include epigenetic compounds (epidrugs) some of which have been yet approved by the Food and Drugs Administration for the treatment of specific blood malignancies. The most investigated in clinical trials for allo‐HSCT are DNA demethylating agents (DNMTi), such as azacitidine (Vidaza) and decitabine (Dacogen) as well as histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACi), such as vorinostat (Zolinza) and panobinostat (Farydak). Indeed, azacitidine monotherapy before allo‐HSCT may reduce the conventional chemotherapy‐related complications, whereas it may reduce relapse risk and death after allo‐HSCT. Besides, a decitabine‐containing conditioning regimen could protect against graft versus host disease (GVHD) and respiratory infections after allo‐HSCT. Regarding HDACi, the addition of vorinostat and panobinostat to the conditioning regimen after allo‐HSCT seems to reduce the incidence of acute GVHD. Furthermore, panobinostat alone or in combination with low‐dose decitabine may reduce the relapse rate in high‐risk patients with acute myeloid leukemia patients after allo‐HSCT. We discuss the phase 1 and 2 clinical trials evaluating the possible beneficial effects of repurposing specific epidrugs which may guide personalized therapy in the setting of allo‐HSCT.
On democratic intelligence and failure: The vice and virtue of incrementalism under political fragmentation and policy accumulation
Authors: Adam Christian , Hurka Steffen , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe vice and virtue of incrementalism have been the subject of a long‐standing academic debate. This debate, however, lacks a dynamic perspective that analyzes how the transformation of politics—mainly in the form of increasing levels of political fragmentation within decision‐making arenas and increasing complexity of policy‐mixes—affects the role of incrementalism. We argue that both of these trends make the virtues of incrementalism politically even more valuable than they have always been. At the same time, this proliferation of incrementalism comes at the costs of overlooked second‐order effects. Since the empirical reality of incrementalism is primarily one that results in incremental policy accumulation, it continuously adds implementation burdens, enhances the demandingness of substantive policy debate, and makes effective science communication more difficult. Thereby, accumulative incrementalism becomes one source of pressure on three cornerstones of legitimate governance: effective policy implementation, sophisticated policy debate, and evidence‐based policymaking.
Native and modified chayotextle flour effect on functional property and cooking quality of spaghetti
Authors: Chavarría‐Fernández Sara M. , Berrios J. De J. , Pan James L. , Alves Priscila L.S. , Palma‐Rodriguez Heidi M. , Hernández Uribe Juan P. , Aparicio‐Saguilan Alejandro , Vargas‐Torres Apolonio 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe objective of this research was to study the effect of partially substituting semolina flour by native (NCHF) and modified chayotextle (CHFMD) flours, on the physicochemical properties and cooking quality of spaghetti. Spaghetti was obtained by replacing semolina flour (control) with five different concentrations of NCHF and CHFMD flours (10%, 17.5%, 25%, 32.5% and 40%). The proximal composition of the flours showed that both NCHF and CHFMD flours lower content of protein and fat but higher content of ash and resistant starch (RS). Moreover, the RS content increased due to thermal modification (TM) and that RS remained high, even after the cooking process. Pasting properties such as peak viscosity, breakdown, setback and final viscosity were influenced by NCHF and CHFMD concentrations. Brightness (ΔL*) was significantly reduced by inclusion of increasing CHFMD levels. True density and water absorption values increased with addition of NCHF and CHFMD, compared to the control spaghetti. The results obtained in this study demonstrated the possibility for producing spaghetti containing up to 40% CHFMD flour, with acceptable quality and functional properties.
Effect of active pectin edible coatings on the safety and quality of fresh‐cut apple
Authors: Naqash Farah , Masoodi F.A. , Ayob Omeera , Parvez Sadaf 
Published: April 2021

SummaryPectin obtained from apple pomace was employed to protect fresh‐cut apple from quality deterioration arising after cutting. Pectin edible coatings were formulated as emulsion and nanoemulsion carrying cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as antimicrobial, conferring the capability of active packaging to these coatings. Pectin nanoemulsion (PNE) was found to be most effective in preventing the proliferation of pathogens like Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as well as the general microflora rendering it unsuitable for consumption. In terms of quality parameters such as texture and colour, fresh‐cut apple treated with pectin emulsion (PE), PNE, and pectin coating without CEO (P) presented promising results at the end of storage. Significant (P < 0.05) effect of PE and PNE was noticed on texture and colour parameters. PNEs can, therefore, be applied for preserving the quality and ensuring safety of fresh‐cut apple.
Strategies to improve the nutritional value of meat products: incorporation of bioactive compounds, reduction or elimination of harmful components and alternative technologies
Authors: Karwowska Małgorzata , Stadnik Joanna , Stasiak Dariusz M. , Wójciak Karolina , Lorenzo José M. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMeat is an excellent source of protein with a good balance of amino acids. It is also rich in several minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds, which play important roles in metabolism and are easily assimilated from meat compared with other foods. The nutritional value of meat is one of the factors that influence consumer acceptance. However, it can be significantly reduced during processing. Moreover, some operations, such as curing, smoking or fermentation, used for processing can lead to the formation of harmful components in meat, and hence, nutritionists associate high consumption of processed meat with an increased risk of several diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and cancers. This review deals with the distinctive aspects of the technological strategies that can be used to improve the nutritional value of meat products, including the incorporation of bioactive components, reduction or elimination of harmful components (e.g. nitrite/nitrate, fat) and alternative technologies (ultrasound).
Antiferroelectrics: History, fundamentals, crystal chemistry, crystal structures, size effects, and applications
Authors: Randall Clive A. , Fan Zhongming , Reaney Ian , Chen Long‐Qing , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntiferroelectric (AFE) materials are of great interest owing to their scientific richness and their utility in high‐energy density capacitors. Here, the history of AFEs is reviewed, and the characteristics of antiferroelectricity and the phase transition of an AFE material are described. AFEs are energetically close to ferroelectric (FE) phases, and thus both the electric field strength and applied stress (pressure) influence the nature of the transition. With the comparable energetics between the AFE and FE phases, there can be a competition and frustration of these phases, and either incommensurate and/or a glassy (relaxor) structures may be observed. The phase transition in AFEs can also be influenced by the crystal/grain size, particularly at nanometric dimensions, and may be tuned through the formation of solid solutions. There have been extensive studies on the perovskite family of AFE materials, but many other crystal structures host AFE behavior, such as CuBiP2Se6. AFE applications include DC‐link capacitors for power electronics, defibrillator capacitors, pulse power devices, and electromechanical actuators. The paper concludes with a perspective on the future needs and opportunities with respect to discovery, science, and applications of AFE.
Broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius) foraging and vertical movements in thenorth‐westAtlantic
Authors: Logan John M. , Golet Walt , Smith Sean C. , Neilson John , Van Guelpen Lou 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe northern edge of Georges Bank is an important seasonal foraging habitat for swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the North Atlantic, where aggregations support commercial pelagic longline and harpoon fisheries. Following a period of overfishing during the 1990s, the North AtlanticX. gladiusstock underwent a period of recovery during the early 2000s and was considered rebuilt in 2009. We analysed stomach contents fromX. gladius(n = 39) harvested by the Canadian harpoon fishery on Georges Bank in 2007 to characterize diet in this important foraging habitat. We used electronic tagging data fromX. gladius(n = 6) on Georges Bank in 2005–2007 to assess vertical habitat preferences and associated prey composition within those zones. We also used stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) ofX. gladiusliver (n = 2) and common prey types (Paralepididae, Myctophidae, Merluccidae, Ommastrephidae) as a longer‐term record of feeding. Stomach contents were co‐dominated by Paralepididae [31.9% weight (W)] and Ommastrephidae (36.8%W) with secondary contributions from hake (Merluccidae, 6.5%W), Myctophidae (2.9%W) and Sebastidae (2.1%W).X. gladiusdisplayed diel vertical migrations, descending to depths of 300–400 m during daytime followed by residence in surface waters at night.X. gladiusliver δ15N values were similar to or lower than values of primary stomach contents, likely due to bias of diet consumed in southerly waters with lower nitrogen isotope baselines prior to arrival on Georges Bank. Diet data are similar to results from historical studies from the late 1950s to the early 1980s. This apparent temporal stability to the underlying food web in this region may explain the highX. gladiussite fidelity observed in electronic tagging studies and the consistent aggregation of these fish to this region.
Calculating the chemical exergy of materials
Authors: Michalakakis Charalampos , Fouillou Jeremy , Lupton Richard C. , Gonzalez Hernandez Ana , Cullen Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModern society requires large amounts of materials which lead to emissions of greenhouse gases. Effective climate policy should focus on not just energy efficiency but material efficiency as well. Exergy analysis is a powerful metric used to identify opportunities for efficiency improvement in industrial resource flow systems. Exergy offers a single unified measure of energy and material resources and indicates the real thermodynamic value of these resources, but the method suffers from a lack of comprehensive specific material chemical exergy datasets. The variety of different materials used in the global resource supply chain necessitates a combination of exergy calculation approaches. These approaches are combined into a single exergy calculator tool with over 1400 substances in the dataset. The chemical exergy values computed for key materials typically differ by less than 10% from values estimated in literature. The calculator is used in a case study of the upstream global material supply chain in 2013. The exergy resource map is visualized in a Sankey diagram and is found to be 72% resource efficient with 170 EJ of combined exergy losses and destruction. Further analysis is conducted on the refining, utilities, and industry sectors which are found to be 72%, 44%, and 50% resource efficient, respectively. Their combined losses and destruction are 15, 101, and 54 EJ, respectively. This study and the calculator developed provide a comprehensive dataset of chemical exergy values for a wide range of materials and can be applied in a variety of studies using exergy analysis.
You never forget your first? Impact of interview timing on institutional rank order
Authors: Hanrahan Brian , Lee Christopher , Jozefowicz Ralph , Schloemer Fallon , Helms Ann , Bradshaw Deborah , Ojha Ajithesh , Biswas Sudipa , Carlson Chad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the impact of interview date on the applicant rank for Neurology residencies in the United States.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective review of interview dates and applicant rank list data for the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) was conducted for five Neurology programs, totaling 1932 interviewed applicants over a combined total of 31 interview years. For each candidate, the interview date and applicant rank were abstracted along with the total number of interviews for that season. Statistical analyses were completed on the cumulative institution data set as well for each individual institution to assess for a possible relationship between interview date and applicant rank.ResultsThe cumulative institutional analysis showed that the mean applicant rank decreased as the interview season progressed. Applicants who interviewed on the first day of the interview season were ranked 11.4% higher than those who interviewed on the last interview day. Additionally, applicants interviewed on the first interview day more likely to be ranked higher when compared to all other interview dates. Independent analysis of each program's data identified comparable, statistically significant, differences in mean applicant rank and interview position at three out of the five institutions.ConclusionsThis study evaluated the impact of interview order on the ranking of applicants by Neurology residency programs, noting a temporal relationship with applicant rank and interview date. The primacy bias appreciated in our data merits further evaluation in other medical specialties. Strategies to minimize the impact of this bias should be employed by residency programs who use medical matching services.
Ca2+ entry at the plasma membrane and uptake by acidic stores is regulated by the activity of the V‐H+‐ATPase in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Stasic Andrew J. , Dykes Eric J. , Cordeiro Ciro D. , Vella Stephen A. , Fazli Mojtaba S. , Quinn Shannon , Docampo Roberto , Moreno Silvia N. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCa2+ is a universal intracellular signal that regulates many cellular functions. In Toxoplasma gondii, the controlled influx of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ into the cytosol initiates a signaling cascade that promotes pathogenic processes like tissue destruction and dissemination. In this work, we studied the role of proton transport in cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis and the initiation of Ca2+ signaling. We used a T. gondii mutant of the V‐H+‐ATPase, a pump previously shown to transport protons to the extracellular medium, and to control intracellular pH and membrane potential and we show that proton gradients are important for maintaining resting cytosolic Ca2+ at physiological levels and for Ca2+ influx. Proton transport was also important for Ca2+ storage by acidic stores and, unexpectedly, the endoplasmic reticulum. Proton transport impacted the amount of polyphosphate (polyP), a phosphate polymer that binds Ca2+ and concentrates in acidocalcisomes. This was supported by the co‐localization of the vacuolar transporter chaperone 4 (VTC4), the catalytic subunit of the VTC complex that synthesizes polyP, with the V‐ATPase in acidocalcisomes. Our work shows that proton transport regulates plasma membrane Ca2+ transport and control acidocalcisome polyP and Ca2+ content, impacting Ca2+ signaling and downstream stimulation of motility and egress in T. gondii.
Gene polymorphisms in odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas: A systematic review
Authors: Andric Miroslav , Jacimovic Jelena , Jakovljevic Aleksandar , Nikolic Nadja , Milasin Jelena 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to critically analyze available data on gene polymorphisms in odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and ameloblastomas, including their possible relationship with clinical and histological features of these lesions.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive search of Web of Science Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and EMBASE was conducted using relevant key terms and supplemented by a gray literature search. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using criteria from the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association (STREGA) statement.ResultsTen studies were included in the final review. Survivin ‐31G/C, interleukin IL‐1α ‐889 C/T, p53 codon 72 G/C, tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α (−308G>A) and its receptor TNF‐R1 (36A>G), glioma‐associated oncogene homolog 1 rs2228224 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 rs243865 gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with OKC. For ameloblastomas, p53 codon 72 G/C, X‐ray repair cross‐complementing protein 1—codons 194 and 399 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 rs3918242 gene polymorphisms were identified as risk factors. It was not possible to establish a relationship between specific polymorphisms and clinical and histological features of investigated lesions.ConclusionsSeveral gene polymorphisms might be considered as a risk factor for the development of these lesions. Future studies should investigate whether these polymorphisms might be used to identify patients with increased risk of recurrence or aggressive disease.