bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah menurut Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam
Authors: Hudafi Hamsah 
Published: January 2021

<p><em>The formation of a </em><em>sakinah mawaddah</em><em> and </em><em>rahmah</em><em> family is a family that is desired by every married person. </em><em>The</em><em> purpose of a marriage and the application of the rights and obligations of husband and wif</em><em>e,</em><em> </em><em>because</em><em> in this day and age we see many marriages that do not last long</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>T</em><em>his encourages the author to write an article that will discuss how to build a </em><em>sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah</em><em> family in accordance with the </em><em>M</em><em>arriage </em><em>L</em><em>aw and </em><em>Islamic Law Compilation (</em><em>KHI</em><em>)</em><em>. The writing method use</em><em>d a</em><em> literature studies that take from existing books and writings. In this paper, there are efforts to establish a household, namely those contained in articles 30-34 of the </em><em>Marrige </em><em>Law and </em><em>a</em><em>rticle 77 KHI and also solutions to the formation of the sam</em><em>awa</em><em> household. The solution is to maintain communication relationships, biological needs, appearance</em><em>s and </em><em>regulate the family</em><em> </em><em>economy.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Pembentukan keluarga yang sakinah mawaddah dan rahmah merupakan sebuah keluarga yang diinginkan oleh setiap orang yang sudah menikah. Tujuan dari sebuah perkawinan dan penerapan hak dan kewajiban suami istri, karena di zaman sekarang banyak kita lihat pernikahan-pernikahan yang tidak berlangsung lama. Hal tersebut mendorong penulis untuk menulis sebuah tulisan yang akan membahas tentang bagaimana membangun keluarga yang sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah sesuai dengan Undang-undang perkawinan dan KHI. Metode penulisan menggunakan studi literatur yang mengambil dari buku dan tulisan yang sudah ada. Dalam tulisan ini terdapat upaya pembentukan rumahtangga yaitu yang terdapat pada pasal 30-34 UUP dan pasal 77 KHI dan juga solusi pembentukan rumah tangga yang samawa. Adapun solusinya yaitu menjaga hubungan komunikasi, kebutuhan biologis, menjaga penampilan dan mengatur ekonomi keluarga.</em></p>
Working University Students in Riau Archipelago: Dual Role and Depression
Authors: Nurwulan Nurul Retno , Selamaj Gjergji 
Published: January 2021

<p style="text-align: justify;">University students working and studying at the same time for various reasons. The aim of the study is to review the impact of students’ dual role as students and workers on the depression rate of working university students in Batam, Indonesia. A comprehensive review of the literature revealed that working while studying does not necessarily affect students’ academic performance. However, depression is the most common health problem in university students. However, working students tend to have higher depression rate than non-working students. Depression in students may be the cause of the high dropout rate in Batam. It is important to administer depression-prevention intervention as early as possible, since the first- and second-year students are the most likely to get depressed</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Beragam alasan melatarbelakangi mahasiswa bekerja selama berkuliah. Penelitian ini mengulas dampak peran ganda sebagai mahasiswa dan pekerja kecenderungan depresi pada mahasiswa bekerja di Batam, Indonesia. Ulasan komprehensif dari literatur dan observasi langsung menunjukkan bahwa bekerja sambil berkuliah tidak mempengaruhi kinerja akademis mahasiswa. Meskipun demikian, mahasiswa bekerja cenderung memiliki tingkat depresi yang lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang tidak bekerja. Depresi pada mahasiswa dapat menjadi penyebab tingginya tingkat dropout di Batam. Melakukan intervensi pencegahan depresi pada mahasiswa sedini mungkin merupakan hal yang sangat penting dikarenakan mahasiswa tingkat pertama dan kedua adalah yang paling rentan terhadap depresi.</em><em></em></p>
International Students’ Vocabulary Learning Strategies at the English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students’ Program
Authors: Fitriani Suci , Artika Febria Sri 
Published: January 2021

<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this research is to investigate the Vocabulary Learning Strategies (VLS) employed by international students who are studying English as a second language at the English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students Program (ELICOS) of the University of Canberra College English Language Centre (UCCELC) in Australia. A qualitative design was used to gather information from six international students from different countries including Indonesia, China, Philippine, and Japan by using interviews. The results from the interview were then analyzed and presented by using the qualitative research procedures including coding, grouping, argument construction, and drafting. The finding of this research revealed that students at the ELICOS program employ various VLS including cognitive, metacognitive, memory, and social strategies. Cognitive strategies are identified as the most popular strategies used by the students, followed by metacognitive and memory strategies respectively and social strategies are recognized as the least popular. These findings have important implications in improving the quality of language teaching and learning process and enriching the research repertoire in the field of VLS.</p><p> </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi pembelajaran kosa kata yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa internasional yang sedang mempelajari bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua di English Language Intensive Course for Foreign Students Program (ELICOS) di University of Canberra College English Language Centre (UCCELC) di Australia. Desain kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi kepada enam siswa internasional dari berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia, Cina, Filipina, dan Jepang dengan menggunakan wawancara. Hasil wawancara kemudian dianalisis dan disajikan dengan menggunakan prosedur penelitian kualitatif meliputi pengkodean, pengelompokan, penyusunan argumen dan penyusunan. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa siswa pada program ELICOS menerapkan berbagai strategi pembelajaran kosakata termasuk strategi kognitif, metakognitif, memori dan sosial. Strategi kognitif diidentifikasi sebagai strategi paling populer diikuti oleh strategi metakognitif dan memori masing-masing dan strategi sosial diakui sebagai yang paling tidak populer. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar bahasa dan memperkaya khasanah penelitian di bidang strategi pembelajaran kosa kata. </em></p>
KAJIAN ERODIBILITAS TANAH PADA BEBERAPA SUB GROUP TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMIN
Authors: Sandi Dwi Kurnia , Mulyanto Djoko , Arbiwati Dyah 
Published: January 2021

Kehilangan tanah yang dipicu oleh erosi air merupakan masalah utama yang menyebabkan beberapa masalah lingkungan. Erosi tanah berkontribusi pada hilangnya kesuburan dan penurunan kualitas sumber daya tanah. Salah satu komponen yang berperan penting dalam proses erosi tanah adalah erodibilitas tanah, yakni kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi. Wilayah Kecamatan Semin memiliki 4 sub group tanah yaitu Typic Hapluderts, Typic Eutropepts, Typic Troporthents dan Lithic Haplustols. Keempat sub group tanah tersebut memiliki sifat-sifat yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai erodibilitas pada setiap sub group tanah yang terdapat di Kecamatan Semin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Survey, pengambilan sampel tanah secara Purposive berdasarkan Peta Satuan Lahan Kecamatan Semin. Pengamatan struktur tanah dan pengambilan sampel tanah yang akan dianalisis dilakukan dengan cara membuat mini pit dan menggunakan ring sampler. Analisis data erodibilitas tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan Weischmeier 1978 yaitu 100 K = 1,292 [2,1 M1,14 (10-4) (12-a) + 3,25 (b-2) + 2,5 (c-3)]. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai erodibilitas tertinggi pada sub group tanah Typic Troporthents yakni 0,730 dengan kisaran sangat tinggi yang terletak pada kemiringan lereng landai, sedangkan nilai erodibilitas terendah pada sub group Typic Hapluderts yaitu 0,184 dengan status rendah pada kemiringan lereng agak curam. Secara umum urutan besarnya nilai erodibilitas pada lereng yang relatif sama adalah: Typic Troporthents > Lithic Haplustols > Typic Eutropepts > Typic Hapluderts. Secara umum semakin tinggi kelerengan pada sub grup yang sama, erodibilitasnya semakin meningkat. Faktor yang menentukan nilai erodibilitas tanah adalah bahan organik dan tekstur tanah khususnya fraksi lempung, debu dan pasir sangat halus.
MATERIAL VOLKANIK SEBAGAI PENYUSUN UTAMA TANAH MERAH DI ATAS BATUAN KARBONAT KARANGSARI WONOSARI
Authors: Mulyanto Djoko 
Published: January 2021

Gejala kewarnaan tanah yang berkembang pada batuan karbonat yang secara umum berwarna putih sangat menarik untuk dikaji mineralnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah komposisi mineral tanah. Analisis sifat mineral meliput: mineral fraksi pasir halus (bubuk) dan fraksi lempung tanah, serta batugamping yang membawahi tanah tersebut. Identifikasi mineral mengunnakan XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mineral haloisit 7 oA sangat mendominasi fraksi lempung tanah, disamping oksida-oksida besi khususnya gutit. Fraksi pasir halus menunjukkan mineral feldspar, biotit, kristobalit dan kuarsa pada lapisan pertama sedangkan lapisan bawah terdiri atas gutit, maghemit-magnetit, kuarsa, dan rhodokrosit. Analisis mineral batugamping (powder) menunjukkan mineral kalsit sangat dominan, sedangkan mineral yang lain adalah kuarsa dan maghemit-magnetit. Berdasarkan komposisi mineral baik fraksi pasir maupun lempung, serta nisbah Fe tanah/ batuan, diduga bahwa bahan induk tanah banyak dipengaruhi oleh material volkanik.
Analysis of nonrelativistic particles in noncommutative phase-space under new scalar and vector interaction terms
Authors: Safaei A. A. , Panahi H. , Hassanabadi H. 
Published: January 2021

The Schrödinger equation in noncommutative phase space is considered with a combination of linear, quadratic, Coulomb and inverse square terms. Using the quasi exact ansatz approach, we obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. In addition, we discuss the results for various values of in noncommutative phase space and discuss the results via various figures.
Vasorelaxation effect of Syzygium polyanthum (wight) walp. Leaves extract on isolated thoracic aorta rings of normal and hypertensive rats
Authors: Ismail Azlini , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves are traditionally consumed by the Malays as an alternative treatment for hypertension. Until now, effect of S. polyanthum leaves extract on blood vessel is not yet disclosed. Methods: This study investigated the effect of S. polyanthum leaves aqueous extract (AESP) (0.01, 0.1, 1 & 10 mg/ml) on isolated thoracic aorta rings of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR). Both rings were pre-contracted using phenylephrine (1 µM). Distilled water that dissolved AESP served as negative control. Results: As compared to negative control, AESP at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml significantly relaxed aorta rings of WKY by 39.81 ± 2.99 % (P<0.001), 59.55 ± 7.60 % (P<0.001), and 72.58 ± 5.57 % (P<0.001), respectively. In SHR, AESP at 1 and 10 mg/ml significantly relaxed the aorta rings of SHR by 40.53 ± 3.66 % (P<0.001) and 65.73 ± 8.24 % (P<0.001), respectively. There was a significant difference between AESP-induced vasorelaxation in WKY and in SHR at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml (P<0.001). The IC50 value for AESPinduced vasorelaxation on aorta rings of WKY (94.67 ± 1.41 µg/ml) was lower than of SHR (799.80 ± 1.69 µg/ml). Conclusions: The S. polyanthum leaves extract was able to cause significant relaxation on aorta rings of both normal and hypertensive rats. Thus, this finding is well-corroborated with the use of this plant as a traditional remedy for hypertension. It is suggested that an in-depth investigation of the mechanism of vasorelaxation of this plant is carried-out in the future.
Dental Treatment Need Among First-Visit Patients Of Dental Outpatient Clinic At IIUM Kuantan For The Year 2016
Authors: Ismail Azlini , Abllah Zurainie , Muhammad Radhi Nur Aishah , Musa Syazalina , Abdul Halim Mohd Firdaus Akbar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine association of age and gender with dental treatment need among first-visit patients at Dental Outpatient Clinic, IIUM Kuantan in 2016. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval (IREC 762) was obtained from IIUM Human Ethics Committee. List of first-visit patients who attended clinic from 1st January to 31st December 2016 was retrieved to assess patient's age and gender. Dental treatment need was determined according to the normative need which was professionally defined by dental-officer-in-charge. All first-visit patients were included, except those attended Orthodontic department or with old Malaysian identification card or foreign passport. Included patients were classified into six age groups (≤14, 15-19, 20-34, 35-44, 45-64 and ≥ 65). Pearson's chi square test was used for statistical analysis using SPSS Version 20 software. Results: From a total number of 2,713 patients (age range of 2 to 87), 1,210 (44.6%) were males and 1,503 (55.4%) were females. Age (p<0.001) and gender (p<0.001) were significantly associated with dental treatment need. Paediatric patients (≤14) majorly received paedodontic care (97.5%). Young-age patients (15-19, 20-34 and 35-44) mostly required conservative care (39.5%, 31.2% & 30.6%, respectively) while elder-age patients (45-64 and ≥ 65) have major need for prosthodontics (30.0% & 40.2%, respectively). Females outnumbered males in all age groups, except for the age group of ≥ 65 whereby the situation was the opposite. Females also outnumbered males in all types of treatment need, except for periodontics which was predominated by males. Conclusion(s): Age and gender have significant associations with treatment need for dental care.
The Effect Of Oil Pulling Using Coconut Oil On Gingival Condition In USU Dental Students
Authors: Nasution Aini Hariyani , Rahmahwati Dwi Rizki 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Oil pulling is one of the adjunct oral hygiene procedure which is done by gargling with vegetable oil, such as coconut oil. Coconut oil is used due to its bioactive substances such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavonoids, saturated fatty acid such as caprylic, capric, and lauric acid, and also unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic and linoleic acid.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gargling with oil pulling method using coconut oil on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: The design of this experimental study is prepost test control group design. A total of 40 subjects from USU dental students was chosen by simple random sampling technique according the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then divided into two groups. The experimental group was asked to gargle with oil pulling method using coconut oil while the control group was asked to do daily oral hygiene procedure. Assessment was done on day 0 and day 10 using Löe and Silness plaque and gingival indices. The data was analyzed by using unpaired and paired t-test. Results: Results show a reduction in plaque and gingival scores from day 0 until day 10, which are 0.248 ± 0.139 (p<0.05) and 0.283 ± 0.168 (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, oil pulling using coconut oil effectively reduces plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
Effects of ventricular entry on patient outcome during glioblastoma resection
Authors: Young Jacob S. , Gogos Andrew J. , Pereira Matheus P. , Morshed Ramin A. , Li Jing , Barkovich Matthew J. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVETumor proximity to the ventricle and ventricular entry (VE) during surgery have both been associated with worse prognoses; however, the interaction between these two factors is poorly understood. Given the benefit of maximal tumor resection, it is imperative for surgical planning and technique to know if VE has negative consequences for patient survival and tumor dissemination.METHODSThe University of California, San Francisco tumor registry was searched for patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent supratentorial glioblastoma (GBM) who underwent resection by the senior author between 2013 and 2018. Tumor location with respect to the subventricular zone (SVZ), size, and extent of resection were assessed using pre- and postoperative imaging. VE was determined by postoperative imaging and/or the operative report.RESULTSIn this 200-patient cohort of newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, 26.5% of patients had VE during resection. Patients with VE were more likely to have preexisting subependymal disease (41.5% vs 15.0%, p < 0.001). Comparing patients with VE to those without VE, there was no difference in the rates of postoperative hydrocephalus (1.9% vs 4.8%, p = 0.36), ventriculoperitoneal shunting (0% vs 3.4%, p = 0.17), pseudomeningoceles (7.5% vs 5.4%, p = 0.58), or subdural hematomas (11.3% vs 3.4%, p = 0.07). Importantly, rates of subsequent leptomeningeal disease (7.5% vs 10.2%, p = 0.57) and distant parenchymal recurrence (17.0% vs 23.1%, p = 0.35) were not different between the groups. Newly diagnosed patients with tumors contacting the SVZ (type I or II) had worse survival than patients with tumors that did not contact the SVZ (type III or IV) (1.27 vs 1.84 years, p = 0.014, HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.08–3.03), but VE was not associated with worse survival in these patients with high-risk SVZ type I and II tumors (1.15 vs 1.68 years, p = 0.151, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.26–1.34).CONCLUSIONSVE was well tolerated, with postoperative complications being rare events. There was no increase in leptomeningeal spread or distant parenchymal recurrence in patients with VE. Finally, although survival was worse for patients with preoperative subependymal disease, VE did not change survival for patients with tumors contacting the ventricle. Therefore, VE during GBM resection is not associated with adverse patient outcomes and should be used by surgeons to enhance extent of resection.■ CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Type of question: therapeutic; study design: retrospective cohort; evidence: class II.
Análisis facial fotográfico en la etnia Saraguro: Análisis de Powell
Authors: Llivigañay Jarro Karla Johanna 
Published: January 2021

La estética facial es una de las preocupaciones en la población humana desde los inicios de la civilización, debido que la belleza es un sinónimo de salud y perfección para la sociedad. Objetivo. Determinar los valores de perfil facial con fotografía utilizando el análisis de Powell de los adolescentes de la parroquia San Pablo de Tenta del cantón Saraguro-Loja, 2020. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, con método cuantitativo. El universo consiste en 120 adolescentes, de las cuales solo 75 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó el programa de presentación Microsoft Power Point para realizar los trazos fotográficos. Conclusión: Se encontró diferencias significativas en el ángulo nasofrontal y mentocervical. El ángulo nasofacial y nasomental cumplieron con el rango establecido por Powell.
Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of dentists in Kuwait and the impact on health and economic status
Authors: Alnaser Musaed Z. , Almaqsied Alaa M. , Alshatti Shaimaa A. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders have become a great health issue among dentists. However, it is never been examined among dentists in the State of Kuwait. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to define the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among dentists in the State of Kuwait, to identify risk factors for WMSD, and to explore relationships between WMSD and absenteeism/productivity. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to dentists at government, private, and academic dental clinics. RESULTS: A total of 186 questionnaires were returned (80% response rate). The results showed that 88 (47%) of responding dentists experienced WMSDs. Dentists self-reporting WMSD were older (36.4 (10.3) years vs. 32.6 (9.33); P = 0.01), in practice longer (11.7 (10.4) years vs. 8.2 (8.4); P = 0.013), and worked longer hours (34.9 (10.6) hours vs. 30.4 (11.5); P = 0.08) than dentists not reporting WMSD. A significant association was found between rating of pain and lost days from work (x2 (10, n = 85) = 20.96, ρ = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Dentists’ occupational procedures expose their bodies to prolonged and awkward postures, thereby subjecting the dentists to unnatural forces and stresses on crucial movement and functioning joints. Cumulative exposures to such postures lead to WMSDs. Generally, WMSD has a considerable impact on the health and economic status of the individual, family, and workplace. WMSD increases absenteeism and reduces productivity.
Intratumoural immune signature to identify patients with primary colorectal cancer who do not require follow-up after resection: an observational study
Authors: Primrose John N , Pugh Siân A , Thomas Gareth , Ellis Matthew , Moutasim Karwan , Mant David 
Published: January 2021

Background
Following surgical and adjuvant treatment of primary colorectal cancer, many patients are routinely followed up with axial imaging (most commonly computerised tomography imaging) and blood carcinoembryonic antigen (a tumour marker) testing. Because fewer than one-fifth of patients will relapse, a large number of patients are followed up unnecessarily.

Objectives
To determine whether or not the intratumoural immune signature could identify a cohort of patients with a relapse rate so low that follow-up is unnecessary.

Design
An observational study based on a secondary tissue collection of the tumours from participants in the FACS (Follow-up After Colorectal Cancer Surgery) trial.

Setting and participants
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue was obtained from 550 out of 1202 participants in the FACS trial. Tissue microarrays were constructed and stained for cluster of differentiation (CD)3+ and CD45RO+ T lymphocytes as well as standard haematoxylin and eosin staining, with a view to manual and, subsequently, automated cell counting.

Results
The tissue microarrays were satisfactorily stained for the two immune markers. Manual cell counting proved possible on the arrays, but manually counting the number of cores for the entire study was found to not be feasible; therefore, an attempt was made to use automatic cell counting. Although it is clear that this approach is workable, there were both hardware and software problems; therefore, reliable data could not be obtained within the time frame of the study.

Limitations
The main limitations were the inability to use machine counting because of problems with both hardware and software, and the loss of critical scientific staff. Findings from this research indicate that this approach will be able to count intratumoural immune cells in the long term, but whether or not the original aim of the project proved possible is not known.

Conclusions
The project was not successful in its aim because of the failure to achieve a reliable counting system.

Future work
Further work is needed to perfect immune cell machine counting and then complete the objectives of this study that are still relevant.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41458548.

Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.