bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fragrance Inhalation of Grapefruit Essential Oil on Blood Pressure and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Human with, and without, Family History of Hypertension
Authors: Kawai Eriko , Takeda Ryosuke , Saho Kosuke , Ota Akemi , Morita Emiko , Imai Daiki , Suzuki Yuta , Yokoyama Hisayo , Okazaki Kazunobu 
Published: June 2021

PurposeFragrance inhalation of essential oils used in aromatherapy can affect blood pressure (BP) and autonomic nervous system in humans. Considerably wide individual variations have been observed in the response, but the background factors behind the wide individual variations remain unknown. Previous studies have reported that resting circulatory variables and baroreflex sensitivity, and also the response of BP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity with mental stress and upright tilting are different between subjects with and without family history of hypertension (FH). We tested the hypothesis that the response of BP with fragrance inhalation of grapefruit essential oil (GF) was different between subjects with (FH+) and without FH (FH−).MethodsEighteen healthy subjects participated in this study (FH+, n = 8; FH−, n = 10). While subjects in the supine position, they breathed blank air through a face mask for 10 min as baseline (BL). Then, they inhaled air with the fragrance of GF from Douglas bags for 10 min. Beat‐by‐beat heart rate and BP were recorded continuously. Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was determined with data for the last 2 min of each stage, as the slope of the liner regression between beat‐by‐beat changes in systolic BP and R‐R interval.ResultsAt 6 to 10 min of BL, heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP was not significantly different between FH+ group and FH− group. During GF inhalation, diastolic BP in FH− group increased significantly (p < 0.05) from BL whereas it remained unchanged in FH+ group. Systolic BP and heart rate remained unchanged during GF inhalation in both groups. There were no significant changes in baroreflex sensitivity with fragrance inhalation in both groups.ConclusionsThe FH is a possible background factor behind the individual variation observed in the response of BP with fragrance inhalation of GF.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Physical Performance in Different Stages of Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Campos Helton Oliveira , Drummond Lucas Rios , Rodrigues Quezia Teixeira , Horta Nayara Abreu , Primola‐Gomes Thales Nicolau , Coimbra Candido Celso 
Published: June 2021

The aim of study was to investigate the aerobic running performance of hypertensive rats in exercise capacity test at different ages and stages of hypertension. Male spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR, n = 10) and normotensive wistar rats (NWR, n = 10) of 5, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were used. Experimental procedures were approved by the CEUA‐UFMG (#49/2015). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and body mass was measured in 4 different ages. All animals were submitted to the exercise capacity test: initial speed was set to 10 m.min−1, with increments of 1 m.min−1 every 3 min until fatigue and the inclination of treadmill was maintained at 5°. The exercise time was measured and the workload was calculated as follows: body weight (kg) x exercise time (min) x treadmill speed (m.min−1) x sinα (treadmill inclination) x acceleration of gravity. The hypertensive rats had lower body mass in comparison to normotensive animals at all four ages (NWR‐5: 175 ± 5 g vs. SHR‐5:119 ± 3 g; NWR‐8: 321 ± 9 g vs. SHR‐8: 233 ± 4 g; NWR‐12: 368 ± 13 g vs. SHR‐12: 264 ± 7 g; NWR‐16: 391 ± 13 g vs. SHR‐16: 324 ± 5 g; p < 0.05, two‐way ANOVA). As expected, the SHR group presented higher SBP when compared to the NWR group at all four ages (NWR‐5: 98.7 ± 3.5 mmHg vs. SHR‐5:128.8 ± 2.6 mmHg; NWR‐8: 108.1 ± 5.4 mmHg vs. SHR‐8: 169.2 ± 3.3 mmHg; NWR‐12: 112.2 ± 2.0 mmHg vs. SHR‐12: 176.5 ± 2.0 mmHg; NWR‐16: 119.8 ± 3.3 mmHg vs. SHR‐16: 195.1 ± 7.3 mmHg; p < 0.05, two‐way ANOVA). When analyzing the physical performance measured only in the exercise time, it can be observed that all the groups showed similar physical performance in all the four moments (NWR‐5: 50.6 ± 4.1 min vs. SHR‐5: 49.6 ± 2.0 min; NWR‐8: 50.0 ± 2.5 min vs. SHR‐8: 46.8 ± 2.2 min; NWR‐12: 49.8 ± 4.2 min vs. SHR‐12: 44.8 ± 1.6 min; NWR‐16: 34.5 ± 2.1 min vs. SHR‐16: 35.2 ± 1.4 min; p > 0.05, two‐way ANOVA). However, when analyzing physical running capacity was measured by workload, it can be observed that the hypertensive animals showed a lower physical performance in comparison to normotensive animals at all four ages (NWR‐5: 140 ± 17 J vs. SHR‐5: 84 ± 6 J; NWR‐8: 206 ± 18 J vs. SHR‐8: 153 ± 8 J; NWR‐12: 264 ± 29 J vs. SHR‐12: 170 ± 9 J; NWR‐16: 195 ± 13 J vs. SHR‐16: 154 ± 9 J; p < 0.05, two‐way ANOVA). In conclusion, the present results indicate that hypertensive rats exhibit reduced physical performance compared to normotensive controls, since, the most reliable index to assess physical performance when there is difference in body mass between strains is workload.Support or Funding InformationFAPEMIG, CAPES and CNPqThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Physiologic parameters and energetic costs of sailing specifics actions during racingcruising
Authors: Duvallet Alain Louis , Duvallet Emilie , Lhuissier François , Beaudry Michele 
Published: June 2021

We determined the energetic cost of sailing skills during racing‐cruising.The measurements are taken during four situations for two navigators practicing sailing regularly as professionals: hoist the mainsail, take reef and remove the one and go down lowering the jib sail.The values obtained during sailing skills were compared to the oxygen consumption during a treadmill test; and the gesture being done mostly by the arms, the VO2 was measured during a triangular test with an ergometer on the arm.The maximal oxygen consumptions are respectively on the treadmill and the arm ergometer for subject 1: 4.6 versus 4.2 l*min‐1 (91%) and for subject 2: 3.8 versus 3.5 l*min‐1 (92%). The arm VO2 is lower than the VO2max obtained on the treadmill. The arm work even at its maximum doesn't permit to express the whole oxygen utilization for both subjects.The gestures are realized on a racing‐cruising trimaran. The measures are made by indirect calorimetry, using a portable device (Cosmed) to measure the respiratory parameters.The duration of each skill permits to define these activities as endurance exercises (hoist the mainsail: 16 minutes, reefing: 6 minutes 30 seconds and 7 minutes, take and remove a ris: 4 minutes 45 seconds and 6 min, lower the jib sail: 5min30). During each gesture, a stable state was reached for the physiological parameters (VO2, VE, QR and FC). Different measures were taken (from 9 to 55) during this plateau allowing the calculation of average values.The VO2 mean (± standard deviation) are for hoist the mainsail 2.4 ±0.3 l*min‐1 (62.4% of the VO2max and 67.5% of the VO2arm), for take a ris 1.9 ± 0.25 l*min‐1 (41.6% and 45.6% respectively for subject 1 and 54.4% and 59.8% for subject 2), to remove the one 2.47 ± 0.11 l*min‐1 (54% and 59% for the subject 1 and 65.5 and 70.7 for subject 2) and for lower the jib sail 1.5 ± 0.1 l*min‐1 (38.9% and 43% respectively).The sailing specifics actions skills for racing‐cruising are endurance exercises realized by arm workouts.The training for contestants in this field has to be oriented toward these exercises looking to improve the VO2max during arm workout. That kind of training will permit to improve the quality of the gestures during competitions, with a decrease of the exhaustion and improvement of recovery.The values found can have their place in the compendium which lists human energy expenditure.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dexamethasone‐Induced Effects on Autonomic Balance, Arterial Stiffness and Cardiac Remodeling in Sedentary and Trained Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Amaral Sandra Lia , Duchatsch Francine , Tardelli Lidieli P , Herrera Naiara A , Ruiz Thalles F.R. , Dionísio Thiago J , Santos Carlos F , Okoshi Katashi , Vicentini Carlos A 
Published: June 2021

Dexamethasone (DEX)‐induced hypertension (HT) is associated with autonomic unbalance, increased arterial stiffness, reduced baroreflex gain and cardiac remodeling. Since hypertensive individuals may undergo DEX clinical treatment, it is reasonable to think that DEX treatment would exacerbate their arterial pressure, which, in turn, could culminate in a drastic increase on morbi‐mortality risk. Inversely, aerobic (AT) or combined (CT) training have been recommended for HT treatment and we have previously shown the preventive role of exercise training in counteracting DEX‐induced HT. Since nothing is known about the effects of DEX treatment in hypertensive rats, the aim of this study was to investigate if aerobic or combined training, performed before DEX treatment, would modulate autonomic balance, arterial stiffness and cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with DEX. Two groups of SHR (200g) underwent aerobic (AT) or combined (CT) training (60% of maximal capacity) for 8 weeks or were kept sedentary and then were treated with DEX (50μg /kg per day, s.c.) or saline (14 days). Wistar rats were used as normotensive control. Transthoracic echocardiogram and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were performed at the end of the protocol. Then, all rats underwent carotid artery catheterization for arterial pressure (AP) measurement and spectral analysis. Left ventricule (LV) was collected, weighed, and used for morphometric analysis. SHR had higher AP, PWV, LV weight, LV mass index (LVMI) and reduced systolic and diastolic function compared with wistar rats. DEX treatment (SD) did not aggravate mean AP (176±11 vs 184±8 mmHg) vs sed SHR (SC), but increased PWV (+17%). In addition, DEX did not alter the ratio between low frequency and high frequency bands of spectral analysis. DEX treatment increased LV diastolic diameter (LVDD/bw,+14%) compared with SC, but significantly decreased isovolumetric relaxation time IVRT (ms, −11%) and collagen density (−21%). Trained groups presented lower values of MAP (−18% and −13%, for AT and CT, respectively, vs SD). PWV was attenuated only by CT (−17%). Autonomic balance was not improved by training in SHR. Improved diastolic function and % of collagen (p<0.06) were observed in TD group only after AT. In conclusion, DEX treatment did not aggravate hypertension and its mechanisms in SHR, which suggests that hypertensive individuals may undergo DEX clinical treatment. Also, exercise training is a good strategy to decrease AP and improve cardiac remodeling in DEX‐treated SHR.Support or Funding InformationFunding: FAPESPThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Effect of Hypoxia on Prostate Cancer Cell Viability in Serum and Prostate Conditioned Media from Mixed‐Intensity Exercise Trained Rats
Authors: Kunkel Olivia , Opoku‐Acheampong Alexander , Baumfalk Dryden , Horn Andrew , Muller‐Delp Judy , Behnke Bradley 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundResearch suggests exercise training may alter the tumor microenvironment and facilitate conventional treatment, but the effects of exercise on prostate tumor cell growth characteristics (e.g., viability) are not well understood. In human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3), long time exposure to hypoxia decreases cellular proliferation and migration. However, whether exercise training alters tumor cell viability in hypoxia is unknown. We hypothesized that serum‐supplemented media (SSM) and prostate‐conditioned media (PCM) from mixed‐intensity exercise trained (ET) rats would decease prostate cancer cell viability versus sedentary (SED) rats in hypoxia.MethodsMale Nrf2 rats (10–12 mo old) were randomly placed into an ET (n = 10) and a SED control (n = 4) group. The ET rats ran on a motorized treadmill for 5 days/week for 10–11 weeks. Blood serum and whole prostate were collected for preparation of SSM and PCM, respectively. PC‐3 cancer cells were grown in SSM or PCM from both rat groups for 24–96 h in a 1% O2 custom hypoxia chamber placed within a standard cell incubator. Cell viability was determined using MTT cell proliferation assay.ResultsThere were no significant differences in viable cell number between SED and ET groups at 24 h (0.35 ± 0.03 vs 0.36 ± 0.02 au), 48 h (0.24 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.04 au), and 96 h (0.47 ± 0.07 vs 0.52 ± 0.04 au) incubation in PCM. No differences were observed between the SED and ET groups at any time frame when the cells were incubated in SSM.ConclusionOur data does not support an effect of exercise training on cell viability in vitro with exposure to hypoxia. It remains to be determined if the growth supporting environment of the prostate or blood serum are altered with exercise training in vivo.Support or Funding InformationAmerican Cancer Society (RSG‐14‐150‐01‐CCE)NIH (1 R15 HL137156‐01A1)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Urinary Markers of Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Following 12 Weeks of Exercise Training
Authors: Patik Jordan C. , Kirkman Danielle L. , Guderian Sophie , Edwards David G. 
Published: June 2021

It is well established that individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have diminished cardiorespiratory fitness compared to age‐matched healthy individuals and this deficit in fitness is associated with worsened clinical outcomes. As such, exercise training is recommended as an adjunct therapy for a myriad of health benefits in this population. However, further investigation is warranted into the effects of exercise training on kidney health and function in CKD. Therefore, the purpose of this trial was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of moderate‐vigorous intensity aerobic training on urinary markers of kidney injury, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM‐1) and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL). Twenty‐four stage 3 and 4 CKD patients (age: 59 ± 12 yr; eGFR: 43 ± 12 mL/min/1.73m2) were randomly allocated to exercise training (EXT, n=13) or a sedentary control condition (CON, n=11) for 12 weeks. EXT participated in 45 min of individually supervised aerobic activity 3 times per week at 60–85% of heart rate reserve while CON received routine care. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and following 12 weeks. VO2peak was assessed with a 15 watt/min ramp protocol on a cycle ergometer. Urinary KIM‐1 and NGAL were assessed with commercially available ELISA kits and concentrations of each were normalized to urine creatinine concentration. Groups were matched for age, BMI, and eGFR. Following 12 weeks, EXT showed an increase in VO2peak compared to CON (P<0.05). There was not a significant time by condition interaction for urinary KIM‐1 (Baseline vs. Post; CON: 9 ± 4.3 vs 11.9 ± 7.7 ng/mgCr; EXT: 14.2 ± 20.2 vs 15.1 ± 21.5 ng/mgCr, P=0.84). Likewise, NGAL was also unchanged by time or condition (Baseline vs. Post; CON: 207.8 ± 301.7 vs 281 ± 356.5 ng/mgCr; EXT: 126.5 ± 190.5 vs 262.8 ± 459.7 ng/mgCr, P=0.65). These results indicate that moderate – vigorous intensity aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in CKD patients, and does not increase markers of kidney injury as measured by urinary KIM‐1 or NGAL. These data demonstrate that moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise is safe for CKD patient in terms of acute kidney injury.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant HL‐113514.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Role of Fasting Interventions on Skeletal Muscle in High Fat Diet Fed Mice
Authors: Puppa Melissa , Persinger Aaron , Brown Katie , Wible Ryan , Sharma Sunita , Smith Nicholas , Caldwell Jade , van der Merwe Marie , Bloomer Richard 
Published: June 2021

Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide leading to growing rates of chronic disease and diabetes. A diet rich in omega‐6 fatty acids and refined sugars, known as the “Western diet,” may be one contributing factor. Prevention of weight gain, as well as weight loss, have been shown to be beneficial in preventing obesity‐associated chronic disease. Growing evidence suggests that fasting may be a reliable method to aid in weight loss and prevention of weight gain. Although fasting is effective in reducing fat mass, there is a risk of losing lean muscle. There are many different types of fasting, including time restricted feeding and alternate day fasting. Little is known about the effects of these types of fasts on skeletal muscle while continuing to consume a high fat diet. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different types of fasts on skeletal muscle while continuing to consume a high fat diet. Mice were fed a high fat diet (45% fat, mostly lard) for 6 weeks while a subset of mice consumed a standard chow diet. At the end of 6 weeks, chow mice continued with ad libitum access to chow food, while the remaining mice that were on the high fat diet were divided into one of the following groups: ad libitum high fat diet (HFD), ad libitum standard chow (SC), purified refined diet ad libitum (PD), caloric restriction to 80% of ad libitum high fat consumption (CR), 6h of ad libitum time restricted feeding on high fat diet (TRF), and alternate days of ad libitum feeding on high fat diet and fasting (ADF). Mice were kept on their respective diets for 8 additional weeks and were euthanized at the end of the study and hindlimb muscles were weighed and snap frozen for analysis. HFD mice gained more fat mass than the fasting groups p<0.001. There was no significant difference in hindlimb muscle mass normalized to tibia length across all groups; however, in relation to body weight, HFD mice had significantly less muscle mass. ADF (p<0.001) and TRF (p<0.001) preserved muscle mass in relation to body weight. Muscle IGF‐1 mRNA expression was decreased with HFD. ADF was unable to attenuate the decrease; however, changes in the composition of the diet with DF attenuated the decreased IGF‐1 expression. These data support the use of various fasting interventions in obesity to prevent muscle mass loss while still losing adipose mass.Support or Funding InformationUniversity of Memphis School of Health StudiesThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Reduced Extracellular [Ca2+] Increases the Sensitivity of Mouse EDL and Soleus to the K+‐Induced Force Depression: Implication for the Increased Sensitivity of Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis Muscles to Calcium Levels
Authors: Renaud Jean‐Marc , Uwera Francine 
Published: June 2021

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyperKPP) is a disease of altered skeletal muscle excitability due to missense mutations in the skeletal muscle Na+ channel (NaV1.4). It is primarily characterized by myotonic discharges between and during periods of paralysis that mainly affect limb muscles. The paralysis is induced by large membrane depolarizations associated with the increase in Na+ influx and accumulation of extracellular [K+] during the myogenic discharge. Patients can be alleviated of their paralysis by taking salbutamol and/or ingesting Ca2+. While salbutamol mechanism of action involves an improved resting membrane potential and an increase in Ca2+ release, the effect of Ca2+ is not well understood except that a large increase in extracellular [Ca2+]e ([Ca2+]e) reduces the K+‐induced force depression. The objective of this study was therefore to test the hypothesis that a reduced [Ca2+]e increases the extent of the K+‐induced force depression and reduces the salbutamol‐induced increase in force at elevated [K+]e. A decrease in [Ca2+]e from 2.4 mM to 0.3 mM had no effect on the tetanic force of both wild type mouse EDL and soleus when [K+]e was at the normal 4.7 mM. However, it significantly shifted the tetanic force‐[K+]e relationship to lower [K+]e. At 2.4 mM Ca2+ and 4.7 mM K+, HyperKPP EDL and soleus generated as much tetanic force as their wild type counterpart. However, decreases in [Ca2+]e to 1.3 and 0.3 mM significantly reduced tetanic force at 4.7 mM and caused large and significant shift of the tetanic force‐[K+]e relationship to lower [K+]e. Lowering [Ca2+]e did not affect the efficacy of salbutamol to increase tetanic force when it had been depressed by an increase in [K+]e in either wild type or HyperKPP muscles. Considering that at 4.7 mM K+, several HyperKPP EDL and soleus fibers are depolarized and that the effect of lower [Ca2+]e occurred when the cell membrane is depolarized by increases in [K+]e, it is suggested that the increased sensitivity of HyperKPP muscles to Ca2+ is primarily because of a large number of fibers with depolarized cell membrane even when [K+]e is at its normal value of 4.7 mM.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.