bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Spatial Modelling for Characteristics of Extreme Heat Events
Authors: Schliep Erin M. , Gelfand Alan E. , Abaurrea Jesús , Asín Jesús , Beamonte María A. , Cebrián Ana C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that global warming manifests itself in more frequent warm days and that heat waves will become more frequent. Presently, a formal definition of a heat wave is not agreed upon in the literature. To avoid this debate, we consider extreme heat events, which, at a given location, are well-defined as a run of consecutive days above an associated local threshold. Characteristics of extreme heat events (EHEs) are of primary interest, such as incidence and duration, as well as the magnitude of the average exceedance and maximum exceedance above the threshold during the EHE. Using approximately 60-year time series of daily maximum temperature data collected at 18 locations in a given region, we propose a spatio-temporal model to study the characteristics of EHEs over time. The model enables prediction of the behaviour of EHE characteristics at unobserved locations within the region. Specifically, our approach employs a two-state space–time model for EHEs with local thresholds where one state defines above threshold daily maximum temperatures and the other below threshold temperatures. We show that our model is able to recover the EHE characteristics of interest and outperforms a corresponding autoregressive model that ignores thresholds based on out-of-sample prediction.
RNN-Based Counterfactual Prediction, With an Application to Homestead Policy and Public Schooling
Authors: Poulos Jason , Zeng Shuxi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a method for estimating the effect of a policy intervention on an outcome over time. We train recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on the history of control unit outcomes to learn a useful representation for predicting future outcomes. The learned representation of control units is then applied to the treated units for predicting counterfactual outcomes. RNNs are specifically structured to exploit temporal dependencies in panel data and are able to learn negative and non-linear interactions between control unit outcomes. We apply the method to the problem of estimating the long-run impact of US homestead policy on public school spending.
Inter‐County Migration and the Spatial Concentration of Poverty: Comparing Metro and Nonmetro Patterns*
Authors: Lichter Daniel T. , Parisi Domenico , Taquino Michael C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe use panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to document the changing volume and rate of intercounty migration among the poor. We evaluate whether the exchange of migrants between metro and nonmetro counties has exacerbated spatial disparities in poverty and whether some nonmetro counties have become “collecting grounds” for America's poor. The PSID highlights exceptionally high rates of intercounty migration among the nonmetro population, but especially among the poor. The results show that rural poor migrants circulate among nonmetro counties, often from one poor county to an even poorer one. This circulation of poor rural migrants has exacerbated the concentration of poverty in the most economically disadvantaged nonmetro counties. Concentrated poverty also is exacerbated by the migration of the “best and brightest” from nonmetro‐to‐metro counties, which also is associated with upward residential attainment (to counties with lower poverty rates). Significantly, metro‐to‐nonmetro migration is both selective of the poor and strongly associated with downward residential mobility to poorer nonmetro counties. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that poor nonmetro counties have become collecting grounds for America's poor.
The chromosome‐scale reference genome of Rubus chingii Hu provides insight into the biosynthetic pathway of hydrolyzable tannins
Authors: Wang Longji , Lei Ting , Han Guomin , Yue Junyang , Zhang Xueru , Yang Qi , Ruan Haixiang , Gu Chunyang , Zhang Qiang , Qian Tao , Zhang Niuniu , Qian Wei , Wang Qi , Pang Xiaojing , Shu Yue , Gao Liping , Wang Yunsheng 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYRubus chingii Hu (Fu‐Pen‐Zi), a perennial woody plant in the Rosaceae family, is a characteristic traditional Chinese medicinal plant because of its unique pharmacological effects. There are abundant hydrolyzable tannin (HT) components in R. chingii that provide health benefits. Here, an R. chingii chromosome‐scale genome and related functional analysis provide insights into the biosynthetic pathway of HTs. In total, sequence data of 231.21 Mb (155 scaffolds with an N50 of 8.2 Mb) were assembled into seven chromosomes with an average length of 31.4 Mb, and 33 130 protein‐coding genes were predicted, 89.28% of which were functionally annotated. Evolutionary analysis showed that R. chingii was most closely related to Rubus occidentalis, from which it was predicted to have diverged 22.46 million years ago (Table S8). Comparative genomic analysis showed that there was a tandem gene cluster of UGT, carboxylesterase (CXE) and SCPL genes on chromosome 02 of R. chingii, including 11 CXE, eight UGT, and six SCPL genes, which may be critical for the synthesis of HTs. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that the proteins encoded by the CXE (LG02.4273) and UGT (LG02.4102) genes have tannin hydrolase and gallic acid glycosyltransferase functions, respectively. The genomic sequence of R. chingii will be a valuable resource for comparative genomic analysis within the Rosaceae family and will be useful for understanding the biosynthesis of HTs.
Intraoperative assessment of canine soft tissue sarcoma by deep learning enhanced optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ye Yu , Sun Weihong William , Xu Ronald X. , Selmic Laura E. , Sun Mingzhai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSoft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a locally aggressive and infiltrative tumour in dogs. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for local tumour control. Currently, post‐operative pathology is performed for surgical margin assessment. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been evaluated for its value for surgical margin assessment in some tumour types in dogs. The purpose of this study was to develop an automatic diagnosis system that can assist clinicians in real‐time for OCT image interpretation of tissues at surgical margins. We utilized a ResNet‐50 network to classify healthy and cancerous tissues. A patch‐based approach was adopted to achieve accurate classification with limited training data (80 cancer images, 80 normal images) and the validation set (20 cancer images, 20 normal images). The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 97.1% with an excellent sensitivity of 94.3% on the validation set; the quadratic weighted κ was 0.94 for the STS diagnosis. In an independent test data set of 20 OCT images (10 cancer images, 10 normal images), the proposed method correctly differentiated all the STS images. Furthermore, we proposed a diagnostic curve, which could be evaluated in real‐time to assist clinicians in detecting the specific location of a lesion. In short, the proposed method is accurate, operates in real‐time and is non‐invasive, which could be helpful for future surgical guidance.
A survey of emergency and critical care veterinarians regarding IV fluid bolus therapy and monitoring practices in small animals
Authors: Harris Bradley A. , Hofmeister Erik H. , Gicking John C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how veterinary emergency and critical care clinicians define IV fluid bolus therapy (FBT) and what constitutes a positive response to a fluid bolus.DesignOnline survey of 222 emergency and critical care veterinarians between December 17, 2018, and March 1, 2019.InterventionsAn online survey was provided to diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC), residents of ACVECC‐approved training programs, as well as house officers and emergency clinicians of a corporate multicenter emergency and specialty care veterinary hospital. The survey investigated the administration of various crystalloid, colloid, and blood products for FBT, as well as expected physiological responses.Measurements and Main ResultsThe majority of respondents considered balanced isotonic crystalloids appropriate for FBT (220/222 [99.1%]). Respondents showed greater variability in acceptance of 0.9% sodium chloride (105/222 [47.30%]), hypertonic (3‐7%) sodium chloride (131/222 [59.01%]), and hydroxyethyl starch solutions (90/222 [40.54%]). Most respondents did not consider physiological plasma (44/222 [19.82%]) an appropriate choice. The most commonly used parameters for monitoring FBT responses were heart rate (220/222 [99.10%]), blood pressure (217/222 [97.75%]), capillary refill time (192/222 [86.49%]), lactate (181/222 [81.53%]), pulse pressure (151/222 [68.02%]), and rectal temperature (145/222 [65.32%]). The majority of respondents perceived that 0–20% (165/222 [74.32%]) of hypotensive patients are nonresponsive to FBT.ConclusionsSmall animal emergency and critical care clinicians favored balanced isotonic electrolyte solutions and hypertonic sodium chloride solutions for FBT over other options. When monitoring responses to FBT, heart rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, and plasma lactate were among the most commonly monitored parameters, and there was a lack of familiarity with others. Despite the widespread use of FBT, these findings outline the need for further prospective clinical trials regarding the ideal fluid type and rate, as well as the appropriate responses to FBT.
COVID‐19 is getting on our nerves: sympathetic neural activity and haemodynamics in young adults recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Stute Nina L. , Stickford Jonathon L. , Province Valesha M. , Augenreich Marc A. , Ratchford Stephen M. , Stickford Abigail S. L. 
Published: June 2021

Key points
The impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on autonomic and cardiovascular function in otherwise healthy individuals is unknown.
For the first time it is shown that young adults recovering from SARS‐CoV‐2 have elevated resting sympathetic activity, but similar heart rate and blood pressure, compared with control subjects.
Survivors of SARS‐CoV‐2 also exhibit similar sympathetic nerve activity and haemodynamics, but decreased pain perception, during a cold pressor test compared with healthy controls.
Further, these individuals display higher sympathetic nerve activity throughout an orthostatic challenge, as well as an exaggerated heart rate response to orthostasis.
If similar autonomic dysregulation, like that found here in young individuals, is present in older adults following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, there may be substantial adverse implications for cardiovascular health.
AbstractThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) can elicit systemic adverse physiological effects. However, the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on autonomic and cardiovascular function in otherwise healthy individuals remains unclear. Young adults who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 (COV+; n = 16, 8 F) visited the laboratory 35 ± 16 days following diagnosis. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were measured in participants at rest and during a 2 min cold pressor test (CPT) and 5 min each at 30° and 60° head‐up tilt (HUT). Data were compared with age‐matched healthy controls (CON; n = 14, 9 F). COV+ participants (18.2 ± 6.6 bursts min−1) had higher resting MSNA burst frequency compared with CON (12.7 ± 3.4 bursts min−1) (P = 0.020), as well as higher MSNA burst incidence and total activity. Resting HR, SBP and DBP were not different. During CPT, there were no differences in MSNA, HR, SBP or DBP between groups. COV+ participants reported less pain during the CPT compared with CON (5.7 ± 1.8 vs. 7.2 ± 1.9 a.u., P = 0.036). MSNA was higher in COV+ compared with CON during HUT. There was a group‐by‐position interaction in MSNA burst incidence, as well as HR, in response to HUT. These results indicate resting sympathetic activity, but not HR or BP, may be elevated following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Further, cardiovascular and perceptual responses to physiological stress may be altered, including both exaggerated (orthostasis) and suppressed (pain perception) responses, compared with healthy young adults.
Two-pole structures in a relativistic Friedrichs–Lee-QPC scheme
Authors: Zhou Zhi-Yong , Xiao Zhiguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA general appearance of two-pole structures is exhibited in a relativistic Friedrichs–Lee model combined with a relativistic quark pair creation model in a consistent manner. This kind of two-pole structure could be found when a $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

state couples to the open-flavor continuum state in the S partial wave. We found that many enigmatic states, such as $$f_0(500)/\sigma $$

f
0

(
500
)

/
σ

, $$K_0^*(700)/\kappa $$

K
0
∗

(
700
)

/
κ

, $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

, $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

, $$D_0^*(2300)$$

D
0
∗

(
2300
)

, $$D_{s0}^*(2317)$$

D

s
0

∗

(
2317
)

, and X(3872), together with another higher state for each, all result from this kind of two-pole structures. Furthermore, an interesting observation is that this kind of two-pole structure will contribute roughly a total of $$180^\circ $$

180
∘

phase shift for the scattering process in a single channel approximation. This relativistic scheme may provide more insights into the understanding of the properties of non-$$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

state. It is also suggested that such two-pole structure could be a common phenomenon which deserves studying both from theoretical and experimental perspectives.
Multimagnetic monopoles
Authors: Bazeia D. , Liao M. A. , Marques M. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work we investigate the presence of magnetic monopoles that engender multimagnetic structures, which arise from an appropriate extension of the $$\mathrm{SU(2)}$$

SU
(
2
)

gauge group. The investigation is based on a modified relativistic theory that contain several gauge and matter fields, leading to a Bogomol’nyi bound and thus to a first order framework, from which stable multimagnetic solutions can be constructed. We illustrate our findings with several examples of stable magnetic monopoles with multimagnetic properties.
Intelligent read-out circuit for space radiation detection
Authors: Abdul Aziz 'Umar , Toha Siti Fauziah , Abu Hanifah Rabiatuladawiah , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin 
Published: June 2021

<span lang="EN-MY">In the design of the satellite system, space radiation is among the important factors that need to be taken care of as it may contribute to system failure. This research aims to design and implement an intelligent read-out circuit to detect the level of radiation. It has the capability to measure the level of radiation. The capability of the designed device to measure the level of radiation and also the type of radiation exposure are the key components to be considered in the design of the system. In this research, the intelligent read-out circuit has been successfully designed and tested to detect the level of radiation. The results show the capability of the system to measure the level of radiation and determine the status of radiation level using both visual and sound indicators. The designed system is able to determine the level of radiation in a short time and strengthen by the danger-alert mechanism present in the system</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span>
Re-collection, extended distribution, and amplified description of Vaccinium paucicrenatum Sleumer (Ericaceae) from the Arunachal Himalaya in India
Authors: Panda Subhasis 
Published: June 2021

Vaccinium paucicrenatum Sleumer has been re-collected from three different districts of Arunachal Pradesh approximately after 91 years subsequent to I.H. Burkill’s collection (no. 36976, K) from Ripsing of outer Abor Hills (presently a part of East and West Siang districts nearby Pashighat area) of Arunachal Pradesh on 8 March, 1912. Due to poor description by the earlier workers, the present paper provides amplified description based on field and herbarium data including leaf anatomy (leaf stomata and vein-islets), detailed extended distribution, live and herbarium images and distribution map for easy identification in the field.
Sero-diagnosis of tuberculosis in elephants in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rajhans Utkarsh , Wankhede Gayatri , Ambore Balaji , Chaudhari Sandeep , Nighot Navnath , Dhaygude Vitthal , Sonekar Chhaya 
Published: June 2021

Tuberculosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium spp. A study was conducted to detect the presence of Mycobacterium in captive elephants. A total of 15 captive elephants were screened from various regions in Maharashtra. The blood and serum samples collected were subjected to rapid test kit, BacT/ALERT 3D system, Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and PCR. All the samples were found seronegative using rapid test kit and whole blood PCR. Whereas, all samples were signalled culture positive in BacT/ALERT 3D system which were further subjected to PCR, only one amplicon was produced of 176bp of RD4 gene (Mycobacterium bovis) and no acid-fast organism was detected upon ZN. Due to the atypical nature of this organism, diagnosis of this disease in elephants using various tests is complicated unlike the diagnostic tests that are validated in domestic animals. Therefore, many tests have sub-optimal sensitivity and specificity in elephants. As TB is a zoonotic disease, transmission can occur between human-livestock-elephants interface. Therefore, the zoos and state forest authority should inculcate a protocol of periodic TB screening for Mahouts and elephants in captivity along with protocol of elephant-visitor interaction, thus helping in conservation of this endangered species in India.
Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C. Fisch. (Rubiaceae) from the Western Ghats of India after a lapse of 83 years
Authors: Murugan Perumal , Ravichandran Vellingiri , Murugan Chidambaram 
Published: June 2021

Ophiorrhiza incarnata C.E.C.Fisch. (Rubiaceae), a threatened plant species of southern Western Ghats is rediscovered from the adjacent area of the type locality after lapse of eight decades. Its distribution and conservation status are discussed.
First record of the Afghan Poplar Hawkmoth Laothoe witti Eitschberger et al., 1998 (Sphingidae: Smerinthinae) from India: a notable range extension for the genus
Authors: Riyaz Muzafar , Mathew Pratheesh , Shiekh Taslima , Ignacimuthu S. , Sivasankaran K. 
Published: June 2021

Laothoe witti Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998, the Afghan Poplar Hawkmoth, was first described from Afghanistan, after which there have only been isolated reports of the species within the Palaearctic region. Only five species have so far been reported under the genus Laothoe with no evidence of the occurrence of the genus Laothoe in India till date. Here we provide information about the record of L. witti from Kashmir that establish first evidence of the occurrence of this species in India, extending the range of the genus Laothoe into the Indian sub-continent.
Underestimated diversity of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) on karst landscapes in Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo
Authors: Nashriq Izneil , Das Indraneil 
Published: June 2021

The paraphyletic group of Old World rock gecko genus Cnemaspis, currently comprises ~180 described species from Africa and Asia. The south-east Asian clade with 63 described species, is most diverse on the Thai-Malay Peninsula, with just five species known from Borneo, an island biodiversity hotspot. Karst regions are known as centres for species endemism, and vast areas of caves and karst exist across northern Borneo. Fieldwork from 2017 to 2020 recovered additional undescribed species of Cnemaspis from areas of karst forests in western and northern Sarawak. These discoveries emphasize the importance of preserving areas of limestone karst within rainforest areas for maintaining species diversity, as well as accelerating research on documenting the biota.
Building a Comprehensive Rural Anti-Reflux Center
Authors: Fanous Medhat Y. , Jaehne Anja , Lorenson David , Williams Sarah 
Published: June 2021

Background Gastroesophageal disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disease. In rural areas, general surgeons perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) despite its low diagnostic yield. When EGD findings are equivocal, GERD patients are usually referred to tertiary hospitals for further workup. We envisaged establishing a comprehensive anti-reflux program with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in a rural setting. Study Design This is an IRB approved retrospective chart review of patients who presented with GERD symptoms to a rural anti-reflux clinic between August 2015 and February 2021. Standardized workup included upper gastrointestinal study and EGD with concomitant wireless pH placement. High resolution impedance manometry and gastric emptying scans were selectively utilized initially, then were performed routinely. We used endoFLIP impedance planimetry system starting in February 2019. Results A total of 830 patients were evaluated. There were 537 (64.6%) females and 293 (35.4%) males. The average age was 57.7 ± 15.2 years. The average BMI was 30.8 ± 6.7 kg/m2. Approximately one-third of these patients were referred by the primary care provider (PCP) within our health system and a comparable percentage from external PCPs. Self referral was noted in 15.4% and 19.2% were referred by different specialties such as pulmonary (10.7%), surgical for large hiatal hernia (5.8%), inpatient and emergency room (2%), and gastroenterology (0.7%). Conclusion Rural surgeons with appropriate endoscopic and laparoscopic training can establish a comprehensive anti-reflux program with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. It meets the high community need and can expand to be a regional center. The revenues generated are critical for the financial survival of rural hospitals.
Race and Insurance Status Disparities in Post-discharge Disposition After Hospitalization for Major Trauma
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Sutherland Mason , Gargano Toria , Kinslow Kyle , Liu Huazhi , McKenney Mark , Ang Darwin 
Published: June 2021

Background Investigations detailing predictive measures of hospital disposition after traumatic injury are scarce. We aim to examine the discharge practices among trauma centers in the US and to identify factors that may influence post-hospital disposition. Methods A retrospective analysis of trauma patients using the American College of Surgeons-Trauma Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2007-2017. Primary study outcome was hospital disposition (including long term care facility [LTC], others). Secondary outcomes included: Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-length of stay (LOS), complications, others). Results 6 899 538 patients were analyzed. Odds of LTC discharge was significantly higher for Black patients (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI:1.24-1.37), abbreviated injury score (AIS) ≥3 (aOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 4.05-4.39), and higher injury severity score (ISS) (aOR = 9.41, 95% CI:9.03-9.80). Significantly more self-pay patients were discharged home compared to other insurance types ( P < .0001). Significantly longer hospital- and ICU-LOS were experienced by those who had an AIS ≥3 (hospital: 4.8 days (±7.1) vs. 7.9 (±10.1); ICU: 4.6 (±6.9) vs. 5.9 (±7.9), P < .0001) and had a high ISS (hospital: 4.5 days (±5.9) vs. 16.8 (±17.9); ICU: 3.6 (±5.0) vs. 10.2 (±11.5), P < .0001). Conclusions Patient race, insurance status, and injury severity were predictive of post-hospitalization care discharge. Self-pay and Black patients were less likely to be discharged to secondary care facilities. These findings have the potential to improve in-hospital patient management and predict discharge secondary care needs, and necessitate the need for future research to investigate the extent of inequalities in access to trauma care.