bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of microRNA Expression Profile in Different Regions of Ram Epididymis
Authors: Wu Cuiling , Wang Chunxin , Zhai Bo , Zhao Yunhui , Zhao Zhuo , Yuan Zhiyu , Zhang Mingxin , Tian Kechuan , Fu Xuefeng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe regional expression of epididymal genes provides a guarantee for sperm maturation. As a class of endogenous non‐coding small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in spermatogenesis, maturation and fertilization. Currently, the regulatory role of miRNA in the epididymis is poorly understood. Here, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyse miRNA expression profiles in three regions of the epididymis of rams, including caput, corpus and cauda. The results showed that there were 13 known miRNAs between the caput and corpus controls, 29 between the caput and cauda and 22 differences between the corpus and cauda. Based on the analysis of miRNA target genes by GO and KEGG, a negative regulation network of miRNA–mRNA was constructed in which let‐7, miR‐541‐5p, miR‐133b and miR‐150 may play an important regulatory role in the maturation regulation of ram epididymal sperm. This research provides a reference for studying the regulation mechanism of sperm maturation in male epididymis and improving semen quality and male reproductive performance.
#Fitspiration on Instagram: The effects of fitness‐related images on women’s self‐perceived sexual attractiveness
Authors: Fioravanti Giulia , Tonioni Camilla , Casale Silvia 
Published: June 2021

The present study looks at how exposure to Instagram #fitspiration images affects self‐rated sexual attractiveness among women. An experimental pre‐test/post‐test control group design was implemented. Four hundred and forty‐two female undergraduate students (mean age of 22.06 ± 2.15 years) were randomly exposed to either fitspiration (N = 233) or travel Instagram images (N = 209). Well known self‐report measures of Instagram use, body satisfaction, and self‐perceived sexual attractiveness were completed. The results showed that viewing fitspiration models on Instagram was more likely to lower self‐perceived sexual attractiveness among women than travel images. This effect was mediated by body satisfaction. The present findings built upon previous research that focuses on the detrimental effects of exposure to appearance‐focused Instagram profile images on body image satisfaction by showing that exposure to Instagram fitspiration might also influence women perceived sexual attractiveness. Negative consequences of social media exposure on women’s sexual well‐being need to be further investigated.
Drivers of productivity: Being physically active increases yet sedentary bouts and lack of sleep decrease work ability
Authors: Giurgiu Marco , Nissen Rebecca , Müller Gerhard , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich W. , Reichert Markus , Clark Bronwyn 
Published: June 2021

Physical behavior (ie, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) is a crucial lifestyle factor for preventing and managing diseases across the lifespan. However, less is known about potential work‐related psychological and cognitive outcomes such as productivity. The present study examined within‐person associations between physical behavior and self‐perceived work ability. To investigate the degree to which physical behavior parameters influence self‐perceived work ability in everyday life, we conducted an Ambulatory Assessment study in 103 university students over 5 days. Physical behavior was assessed continuously via a multi‐sensor system. Self‐perceived work ability was assessed repeatedly up to six times per day on smartphones. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within‐person effects of physical behavior on self‐perceived work ability. Physical activity intensity (MET) (β = 0.15 ± 0.06, t = 2.59, p = 0.012) and sit‐to‐stand transitions (β = 0.07 ± 0.03, t = 2.44, p = 0.015) were positively associated with self‐perceived work ability. Sedentary bouts (≥20 min) (β = −0.21 ± 0.08, t = −2.74, p = 0.006) and deviation from a recommended sleep duration (ie, 8 h) (β = −0.1 ± 0.04, t = −2.38, p = 0.018) were negatively associated with self‐perceived work ability. Exploratory analyses supported the robustness of our findings by comparing various time frames. Total sedentary time and sleep quality were not associated with self‐perceived work ability. Regular sleep durations, breaking up sedentary time through sit‐to‐stand transitions, and higher intensities of physical activity may be important for the regulation of self‐perceived work ability in university students’ daily lives.
Cardiopulmonary response to high‐altitude mountaineering in lung transplant recipients—The Jebel Toubkal experience
Authors: Schrutka Lore , Slama Alexis , Muehlbacher Jakob , Bessa Vasiliki , Lichtenegger Paul , Ghimessy Áron , Ebenbichler Gerold , Winkler Roland , Faybik Peter , Nachbaur Edith , Aigner Clemens , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Jaksch Peter , Benazzo Alberto 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesOnly a small proportion of lung transplant recipients achieve a physical status comparable to healthy individuals in the long term. It is reasonable to hypothesize that the necessary cardiopulmonary adaptation required for strenuous physical exercise may be impaired. Exposure to high altitude provides an optimal platform to study the physiological cardiopulmonary adaptation in lung transplant recipients under aerobic conditions. To gain a deeper understanding, 14 healthy lung transplant recipients and healthcare professionals climbed the highest peak in North Africa (Mount Jebel Toubkal; 4167 m) in September 2019.MethodsMonitoring included daily assessment of vital signs, repeated transthoracic echocardiography, pulmonary function tests, and capillary blood sampling throughout the expedition.ResultsEleven out of fourteen lung transplant recipients reached the summit. All recipients showed a stable lung function and vital parameters and physiological adaptation of blood gases. Similar results were found in healthy controls. Lung transplant recipients showed worse results in the 6‐minute walk test at low and high altitude compared to controls (day 1: 662 m vs. 725 m, p < 0.001, day 5: 656 m vs. 700 m, p = 0.033) and a lack of contractile adaptation of right ventricular function with increasing altitude as measured by tricuspid plane systolic excursion on echocardiography (day 2: 22 mm vs. 24 mm, p = 0.202, day 5: 23 mm vs. 26 mm, p = 0.035).ConclusionsStrenuous exercise in healthy lung transplant recipients is safe. However, the poorer cardiopulmonary performance in the 6‐minute walk test and the lack of right ventricular cardiac adaptation may indicate underlying autonomic dysregulation.
How could we teach data science in primary school?
Authors: Fry Kym , Makar Katie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose that informal aspects of data science could be introduced in primary school. The International Data Science in Schools Project (IDSSP) framework for data science curriculum provides a guide for a data science curriculum aimed at upper secondary level. We analyzed synergies between the IDSSP framework and the current content of the Australian Curriculum at the primary school level (ages 5‐11) for Mathematics, Digital Technologies, and two General Capabilities (ICT, Critical and Creative Thinking). Our findings suggest that the primary curriculum already exists to support informal, age‐appropriate data science content for young children. A vignette of a Year 4 (age 9) class is used to illustrate what such a curriculum could look like in practice.
On traversing the data landscape: Introducing APIs to data‐science students
Authors: Fergusson Anna , Wild Chris J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe explosion in availability and variety of data requires learning experiences that reveal more of the data world faster and develop practical skills with digital technologies. Key high‐level goals of the International Data Science in Schools Project (IDSSP) include having students continually immersed in the cycle of learning from data, and data science being fun to teach and fun to learn. We advocate curiosity‐driven, exploratory learning for pursuing these goals. Our illustrations use tasks embedded in contexts that teenagers can relate to, provide visual rewards for computational actions, use rich data‐contexts, and integrate statistical and computational thinking. They provide engaging introductions to modern data sourced from databases via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that are accessible to a broad range of students and facilitate student personalization for investigation. We provide in‐depth discussion of teaching strategies that heavily involve questioning and student tinkering supported by graphical‐user interfaces that enable students to interact with the data sources rapidly in multiple ways.
Introducing students to machine learning with decision trees using CODAP and Jupyter Notebooks
Authors: Biehler Rolf , Fleischer Yannik 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper reports on progress in the development of a teaching module on machine learning with decision trees for secondary‐school students, in which students use survey data about media use to predict who plays online games frequently. This context is familiar to students and provides a link between school and everyday experience. In this module, they use CODAP's “Arbor” plug‐in to manually build decision trees and understand how to systematically build trees based on data. Further on, the students use a menu‐based environment in a Jupyter Notebook to apply an algorithm that automatically generates decision trees and to evaluate and optimize the performance of these. Students acquire technical and conceptual skills but also reflect on personal and social aspects of the uses of algorithms from machine learning.
Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity
Authors: Alcázar Magaña Armando , Kamimura Naofumi , Soumyanath Amala , Stevens Jan F. , Maier Claudia S. 
Published: June 2021

SUMMARYCaffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg‐to‐gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase‐type p‐coumaric acid 3‐hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase‐like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant‐based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetraCQAs.
Laboratory and clinical comparison of the efficacy of prestorage leukoreduction of red cells at cold versus room temperature
Authors: Mittal Siddharth , Chacko Mary Purna , Varughese Santosh , Raj Amal , Gowri Mahasampath , Thankachen Roy , Mammen Joy , Daniel Dolly 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe temperature at which filtration takes place has been reported to influence the efficacy of leukoreduction. We aimed to compare the residual leukocyte count (RLC) in red cell units (RCUs) filtered at cold (CT) versus room temperature (RT) and to assess whether this correlates clinically with a difference in the incidence of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs).Methods and materialsIn the first part of the study, whole blood units collected were randomly allocated for subsequent filtration at CT and RT, respectively. RLC postfiltration was assessed using flow cytometry. The second part of the study was a nonrandomized clinical trial in which incidence of ATR was compared between RCUs filtered at RT and CT for 6 months each.ResultsThirty‐five RCUs each underwent leukofiltration at CT and RT, respectively. The median RLCs in the filtered units at CT and RT were 0.02 × 106 and 0.1 × 106 leukocytes/unit, respectively (p = .0001), with no difference in red blood cell (RBC) recovery (p = .41). During the second part, 3455 RCUs filtered at RT and 3539 RCUs filtered at CT were transfused to patients. The rate of febrile non‐hemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) among transfused patients was less with units filtered at CT (1 per 2000 transfusions) in comparison to RT (1 per 588 transfusions). The difference was, however, not significant (p = .14).ConclusionIf change in temperature alone can cause significant reduction in leukocytes, then it is a simple way to curtail the rate of this common yet unpleasant reaction and reduce the reaction rate at minimal cost.
There and back again: Translating adoptive cell therapy to canine cancer and improving human treatment
Authors: Brill Samuel A. , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a burgeoning therapeutic modality within human immuno‐oncology. Novel approaches towards ACT are being developed in the pre‐clinical setting faster than they can be evaluated in human clinical trials. Many of the therapeutic approaches used in human medicine have already been evaluated to some degree in canine patients. While this form of immunotherapy in veterinary medicine is still in its infancy, as these approaches develop, canine ACT will become a tool for both the veterinary oncologist and the translational researcher. This review details canine ACT trials to date, with attention given to the precedents provided by human oncology.
Mothers’ perceptions of the practice of kangaroo mother care for preterm neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Bayo Pontius , Alobo Gasthony , Sauvé Caroline , Feyissa Garumma Tolu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review was to explore the experiences of mothers with the practice of kangaroo mother care for preterm neonates at home in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction:
Newborn deaths globally have remained high despite the significant reductions in deaths among under-fives over the past few decades. More than 7000 deaths occur daily around the globe, but mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Of these deaths, 60% to 80% are due to preterm birth and low birth weight. Kangaroo mother care is known to offer a cheap and effective way to care for low birth weight, preterm neonates; however, its practice is still low. There is limited evidence on the factors that hinder or facilitate the practice of kangaroo mother care at the community level.

Inclusion criteria:
The review considered studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on the perceptions and experiences of mothers who had given birth to preterm babies and had practiced kangaroo mother care wholly or in part at home. Qualitative studies in English and French conducted from January 1979 to March 2019 were considered for inclusion if they exclusively used qualitative research methods including, but not limited to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, or feminist research.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, African Index Medicus (AIM), Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Education Source, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition were searched in March 2019. Eligible studies were critically appraised using the standardized JBI tool. Findings were pooled using the meta-aggregative approach, and confidence was assessed according to the ConQual approach.

Results:
Following the systematic search and critical appraisal process, six studies were included in the review for data extraction and synthesis of findings. Three of the six studies were based on in-depth individual interviews, while two employed both individual interviews and focus group discussions, and one study used only focus group discussions. Twenty-six primary findings were generated from the review process that were aggregated into 10 categories, which generated four meta-synthesized findings:

Conclusions:
There is a link between the perceptions and experiences of kangaroo mother care that influences its practice in sub-Saharan Africa. The health care systems have failed to create awareness among communities before the birth of a preterm neonate. The traditional practices make kangaroo mother care stigmatizing at the community level, and the practice is perceived to be difficult and cumbersome, requiring substantial social support. Strategies to make the practice less cumbersome need to be devised, focusing on the comfort of mothers. Further qualitative studies are needed to explore community-level experiences of kangaroo mother care in sub-Saharan Africa.
Breast cancer in Indigenous women living in Canada: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cole Katherine Marie , Hutton Brian , Hamel Candyce , Bourque Jean-Marc , Arnaout Angel , Clemons Mark 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to describe and synthesize the current state of knowledge pertaining to breast cancer in Indigenous women living in Canada. We will examine the continuum of breast cancer care in this population, including breast cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance.

Introduction:
Breast cancer in Indigenous women is an evolving health care concern in Canada, with mounting evidence suggesting that these women present at later stages, and have poorer survival rates compared with the general population. A comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge of breast cancer in this population is required.

Inclusion criteria:
The population of interest will include Indigenous women living in Canada aged 18 years or older who have been screened or require screening for breast cancer, or who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. “Indigenous” will include women who identify as First Nations, Métis, or Inuit. Eligible sources must report on breast cancer risk factors, tumor characteristics, health systems access, screening, diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, or breast cancer outcomes. We will include analytic studies, surveys, case series, reviews, meta-analyses, and gray literature.

Methods:
We will conduct a search of five health sciences databases for relevant studies published in English or French from database inception onward. We will utilize dual independent screening for titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and will utilize a similar method for gray literature sources. Data will be synthesized using a narrative approach, and outcomes of interest will be compared with data from the general breast cancer population.

Registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/xkde5
Concentration of Stress Around Spherical and Cylindrical Inclusions and Flaws
Authors: Goodier J. N. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Solutions of the equation of elasticity are applied to investigate the disturbing effect of small spherical and cylindrical inclusions on an otherwise uniform stress distribution. Numerical results are found for gaseous inclusions (flaws), perfectly rigid inclusions, and for systems roughly representing slag globules in steel and reinforcing rods in concrete.
Bayesian Calibrating Educational Building Thermal Models to Hourly Indoor Air Temperature: Methodology and Case Study
Authors: Hou Danlin , Shu Chang , Ji Lili , Hassan Ibrahim Galal , Wang Liangzhu (Leon) 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With the increase in the frequency and duration of heatwaves and extreme temperatures, global warming becomes one of the most critical environmental issues. Heatwaves pose significant threats to human health, including related diseases and deaths, especially for vulnerable groups. Such as the one during the 2018 summer in Montreal, Canada, caused up to 53 deaths, with most lived in buildings without access to air-conditioning. Unlike building energy models that mainly focus on energy performance, building thermal models emphasizes indoor thermal performance without a mechanical system. It is required an understanding of the complex dynamic building thermal physics in which detailed building parameters need to be specified but challenging to be determined in real life. The uncertainty assessment of the parameters estimates can make the results more reliable. Therefore, in this paper, a Bayesian-based calibration procedure was presented and applied to an educational building. First, the building was modeled in EnergyPlus based on an in-site visit and related information collection. Second, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify significant parameters affecting the errors between simulated and monitored indoor air temperatures. Then, a Meta-model was developed and used during the calibration process instead of the original EnergyPlus model to decrease the requirement of computing load and time. Subsequently, the Bayesian inference theory was employed to calibrate the model on hourly indoor air temperatures in summer. Finally, the model was validated. It is shown that the Bayesian calibration procedure not only can calibrate the model within the performance tolerance required by international building standards/codes but also predict future thermal performance with a confidence interval, which makes it more reliable.
Validity of the iPhone M7 Motion Coprocessor to Estimate Physical Activity During Structured and Free-Living Activities in Healthy Adults
Authors: Thomson Nicola K. , McMichan Lauren , Macrae Eilidh , Baker Julien S. , Muggeridge David J. , Easton Chris 
Published: June 2021

Modern smartphones such as the iPhone contain an integrated accelerometer, which can be used to measure body movement and estimate the volume and intensity of physical activity. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the validity of the iPhone to measure step count and energy expenditure during laboratory-based physical activities. A further objective was to compare free-living estimates of physical activity between the iPhone and the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer. Methods: Twenty healthy adults wore the iPhone 5S and GT3X+ in a waist-mounted pouch during bouts of treadmill walking, jogging, and other physical activities in the laboratory. Step counts were manually counted, and energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. During two weeks of free-living, participants (n = 17) continuously wore a GT3X+ attached to their waist and were provided with an iPhone 5S to use as they would their own phone. Results: During treadmill walking, iPhone (703 ± 97 steps) and GT3X+ (675 ± 133 steps) provided accurate measurements of step count compared with the criterion method (700 ± 98 steps). Compared with indirect calorimetry (8 ± 3 kcal·min−1), the iPhone (5 ± 1 kcal·min−1) underestimated energy expenditure with poor agreement. During free-living, the iPhone (7,990 ± 4,673 steps·day−1) recorded a significantly lower (p < .05) daily step count compared with the GT3X+ (9,085 ± 4,647 steps·day−1). Conclusions: The iPhone accurately estimated step count during controlled laboratory walking but recorded a significantly lower volume of physical activity compared with the GT3X+ during free-living.