bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Way Impacts Between Macrophages on Vascular Endothelium and Characteristics of TCM Syndromes in Dyslipidemic Mice with the Phlegm-Dampness Retention syndrome and the Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome Using RNA-Seq
Authors: Chen Jing , Ye Chao , Yang Zheng , Wang Tieshan , Xu Bing , Li Pengyang , Zhang Shan , Xue Xiaolin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: ‘Treating the same disease with different methods’ is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapeutic concept. That means although patients are diagnosed with the same disease, they may have different syndromes that require distinct drug administrations. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes and related biological processes in dyslipidemia with the Phlegm-Dampness Retention (PDR) syndrome and the Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency (SKYD) syndrome using transcriptomic analysis.Methods: Ten ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were used for the establishment of dyslipidemic disease-syndrome models via multifactor-hybrid modeling, with 5 in the the PDR group and 5 in the SKYD group. Five C57BL/6J mice were employed as normal controls (NC) group. Test model quality. Aortic endothelial macrophages in mice were screened using flow cytometry. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for macrophages using RNA-Seq.Results: ①The quality assessment of the disease-syndrome model showed that TG, TC, and LDL-C levels significantly increased in the PDR and SKYD groups versus the NC group (P < 0.05). Combined with HE staining of aorta, the disease model was successfully established. ②The quality assessment of the syndrome models showed that mice in the PDR group presented with typical manifestations of the PDR syndrome, and mice in the SKYD group had the related manifestations of the SKYD syndrome, indicating that the syndrome models were successfully constructed. ③After comparing the differentially expressed gene (DEG) expressions in macrophages in dyslipidemia mice with different syndromes, 4142 genes were identified with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis for the DEGs showed that biological process of difference between PDR group and SKYD group include both adverse and protective processes were included.Conclusion: The DEGs between the PDR syndrome and the SKYD syndrome indicate different biological mechanisms between the onset of the two syndromes. They have distinctive biological processes, including adverse and protective processes, corresponding to the invasion of pathogenic factors into the body and the fight of healthy qi against pathogenic factors, respectively, in the TCM theory. Our results have demonstrated the biological evidence behind ‘treating the same disease with different treatments’ in TCM.
Garlic extract diallyl sulfide protects against dilated cardiomyopathy through inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Pang Shuo , Dong Wei , Liu Ning , Gao Shan , Zhang Xu , Lu Dan , Zhang Lianfeng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is an active ingredient in garlic that is induced when the garlic is chopped and ground. DAS has been found to act as a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1, which is a member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family and catalyses the metabolism of various substrates.CYP2E1 is upregulated in multiple heart diseases and causes damage mainly through the production of ROS. In mice, increased CYP2E1 expression induces cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and CYP2E1 knockdown can attenuate the pathological development of DCM. Nevertheless, Targeted inhibition of CYP2E1 for the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of DAS on cardiomyopathy and its possible molecular mechanisms, and provide new clues and approaches for the clinical treatment of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.Methods: Echocardiography were performed to identify mouse heart function and structure. histological analysis and RT-PCR were conducted to investigate that improved Myocardial morphology and fibrosis and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tunel Assay were used to detected DAS inhibit ROS production and myocyte apoptosis in cTnTR141W DCM mice. Western Blot were performed to investigate the mechanism of apoptosis pathway.Results: Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1, improves the typical DCM phenotype, including chamber dilation, wall thinning, fibrosis, poor myofibril organization and decreased ventricular blood ejection, by inhibiting ROS production and myocyte apoptosis in cTnTR141W DCM mice.Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhibition of CYP2E1 might be a valuable therapeutic strategy to control the development of heart diseases associated with CYP2E1 overexpression. Moreover, the development of DAS analogues with superior inhibitory properties and lower substrate potential for CYP2E1 might be beneficial for patients with heart disease.
A New Three Dimensional Dissipative Boussinesq Equation for Rossby Waves and Its Multiple Soliton Solutions☆
Authors: Chen Liguo , Yang Liangui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new three dimensional nonlinear dynamic theoretical model is derived from fluid mechanics system. In this paper, From the quasi-geostrophic barotropic potential vorticity equation, we obtain a three dimensional dissipative Boussinesq equation by the reduced perturbation method, i.e.utt +e1uxx +e2(u2)xx + e3utxy + e4uxxxx + e5uxxyy = 0. It is emphasized that the new equation is different from the existing Boussinesq equations, which describe the three dimensional nonlinear Rossby waves in the atmosphere. Moreover, we explore the dispersion relation of the linear wave through the new equation. Using the trial function and auxiliary equation method, the two kinds of soliton solutions of the equation are obtained successfully. Finally, the formation mechanism of Rossby waves is discussed by multiple soliton solutions.
Effect of Functional Oils or Probiotics on Performance and Microbiota Profile of Newly Weaned Piglets
Authors: Vieira Alexandre Maciel , Sessin Amanda Pires , Soratto Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira , Pires Paula Gabriela Silva , Cardinal Kátia Maria , Wagner Glauber , Hauptli Lucélia , Lima André Luis Ferreira , Dahlke Fabiano , Netto Diego Peres , Moraes Priscila de Oliveira 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate a commercial blend of functional oils based on liquid from the cashew nutshell and castor oil as a growth promoter in newly weaned piglets. A total of 225 piglets, castrated males and females with 28 days of age were randomly distributed in pens with 15 animals composing three treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were: control (without the inclusion of additive), probiotics, or functional oils. The performance was evaluated. At 50 days of age, a pool of fresh feces from 3 animals/repetition was collected to perform the sequencing of microbiota using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Supplementation with functional oils improved the piglets' daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) in the first weeks of the experiment, which resulted in higher final live weight (P < 0.05) in the phase when compared to the control treatment. The animals that received probiotics showed intermediate performance. Both additives were effective in modulating groups central to intestinal health, such as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. The functional oils were more effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria, such as Campylobacter and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, the use of functional oils optimized performance and effectively modulated the microbiota of newly weaned piglets.
Signatures of selection and genomic diversity of Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) from two populations in North America.
Authors: Chinchilla-Vargas Josue , Meerbeek Jonathan , Rothschild Max F. , Bertolini Francesca 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is the largest and most prized game fish for anglers in North America. However, little is known about Muskellunge genetic diversity in Iowa’s propagation program. We used whole genome sequence from 12 brooding individuals from Iowa and publicly available RAD-seq of 625 individuals from Saint-Lawrence river in Canada to study the genetic differences between populations, analyze signatures of selection that might shed light on environmental adaptations, and evaluate the levels of genetic diversity in both populations. Given that there is no reference genome available for Muskellunge, reads were aligned to the genome of Pike (Esox lucius), a closely-related species.ResultsVariant calling produced 7,886,471 biallelic variants for the Iowa population and 16,867 high quality SNPs that overlap with the Canadian samples. The Ti/Tv values were 1.09 and 1.29 for samples from Iowa and Canada, respectively. PCA and Admixture analyses showed a large genetic difference between Canadian and Iowan populations. Moreover, PCA showed a clustering by sex in the Iowan population although widow-based Fst did not find outlier regions. Window based pooled heterozygosity found 6 highly heterozygous windows containing 244 genes in the Iowa population and Fst comparing the Iowa and Canadian populations found 14 windows with Fst values larger than 0.9 containing 641 genes. One enriched GO term (sensory perception of pain) was found through pooled heterozygosity analyzes. Although not significant, several enriched GO terms associated to growth and development were found through Fst analyses.Inbreeding calculated as Froh was 0.03 on average for the Iowa population and 0.32 on average for the Canadian samples. The Canadian inbreeding rate appears is presumably due to isolation of subpopulations.ConclusionsThis study is the first of its kind in Muskellunge from Iowa in which captured brood stock showed marked genetic differences with the Canadian population. Additionally, despite genetic differentiation based on sex has been observed, no major locus has been detected. Inbreeding does not seem to be an immediate concern for Muskellunge in Iowa, but apparent isolation of subpopulations has caused levels of homozygosity to increase in the Canadian Muskellunge population.These results prove the validity of using genomes of closely related species to perform genomic analyses when no reference genome assembly is available.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Panobinostat Exerts Anti-proliferative Effect with Partial Normalization from Aberrant Epigenetic States on Granulosa Cell Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Hazama Yukiko , Tsujioka Takayuki , Sakamoto Arisu , Miyaji Yuka , Kitanaka Akira , Tohyama Kaoru , Shimoya Koichiro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The prognosis of the patients with inoperable or advanced granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) is still poor, and therefore it is important to establish a novel treatment strategy. Here we investigated the in vitro effects of a histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat (PS) on two GCT cell lines (KGN and COV434). GCT cell lines were found to be susceptible to PS treatment and it inhibited cell growth mainly by apoptosis. In cell cycle analysis, PS reduced only the ratio of S phase in GCT cell lines. Combined treatment of PS with a deubiquitinases inhibitor, VLX1570 exerted an additive anti-proliferative effect on KGN and COV434. The gene set enrichment analysis revealed that PS treatment suppressed DNA replication- or cell cycle-related gene expression which led to chemotherapeutic cell death and in addition, this treatment induced activation of the gene set of adherens junction towards a normalized direction as well as activation of neuron-related gene sets that might imply unexpected differentiation potential due to epigenetic modification by a HDAC inhibitor in KGN cells. In the present study, we indicate a basis of a novel therapeutic availability of a HDAC inhibitor for the treatment of GCTs and further investigations will be warranted.
Genome-wide Development of Insertion-deletion (InDel) Markers Database for Cannabis and its uses for Genetic Structure Analysis of Chinese Germplasm and Identification of Sex-linked Marker
Authors: Pan Gen , Li Zheng , Huang Siqi , Tao Jie , Shi Yaliang , Chen Anguo , Li Jianjun , Tang Huijuan , Chang Li , Deng Yong , Li Defang , Zhao Lining 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Cannabis sativa L., a dioecious plant, derived from China, demonstrates important medicinal properties and economic value worldwide. Cannabis properties were usually harnessed depending on the sex of the plant. To analyze the genetic structure of Chinese cannabis and identify sex-linked makers, the genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) markers were designed and used. Results: In this study, a genome-wide analysis of insertion–deletion (InDel) polymorphisms was performed based on the recent genome sequences. In total, 47558 InDels were detected between the two varieties, and the length of InDels ranged from 4 bp to 87 bp. The most common InDels were tetranucleotides, followed by pentanucleotides. Chromosome 5 had the highest number of InDels among the cannabis chromosomes, while chromosome 10 had the lowest number. Additionally, a total of 47558 InDel markers were designed, and 84 primers evenly distributed in the cannabis genome were chosen for polymorphism analysis. A total of 38 primers exhibited polymorphisms among three accessions, and of the polymorphism primers, 14 biallelic primers were further used to analyse the genetic structure. A total of 39 fragments were detected, and the PIC value ranged from 0.1209 to 0.6351. According to the Indel markers as well as the flowering time, the 115 Chinese germplasms were divided in two subgroups, which were mainly composed of cultivars from the most north and south regions, respectively. Additional, the marker “ I1-10” was found to amplify two bands (398bp and 251bp) in the male plants, while a 389bp bands in female plants. Using this marker, the feminized and dioecious varieties can also be distinguished.Conclusion: This study will facilitate the genetic improvement and germplasm conservation of cannabis in China, and the sex-linked InDel markers will provide accurate sex identification strategies for cannabis breeding and production.
Amyloid-like amelogenin nanoribbons template mineralization via a low energy interface of ion binding sites
Authors: Akkineni Susrut , Zhu Cheng , Chen Jiajun , Song Miao , Hoff Samuel , Bonde Johan , Tao Jinhui , Heinz Hendrik , habelitz Stefan , Yoreo James De 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Protein scaffolds direct the organization of amorphous precursors that transform into mineralized tissues, but the templating mechanism remains elusive. Inspired by a model of tooth enamel, wherein amyloid-like amelogenin nanoribbons guide apatite mineralization, we investigated the impact of nanoribbon structure and chemistry on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nucleation. Using amelogenin sub-segments including an amyloid-like domain, nanoribbon conformation and function were determined by in situ atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. All sequences substantially reduce nucleation barriers by creating low-energy interfaces, while phosphorylation dramatically enhances kinetic factors associated with ion binding. Furthermore, the predicted distribution of hydrophilic residues in the amyloid domain matches the structure of the multi-ion clusters comprising ACP. These findings provide crucial insights into structure-function relationships underlying amelogenin biomineralization and a generalizable system for synthesizing hybrid materials for various applications.
Ag@Co nanomaterials: Preparation and application in the purification of Yellow River water
Authors: Zhao Yingying , Lai Yanjun , He Shuai , Gao Qi , Zhang Yunchao , Song Xiaoxia , Zhang Guochao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background

In recent years, nanomaterials have attracted much more attention because of their potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, finding biofunctional nanomaterials is still challenging. Therefore,we prepared a new type of recyclable Ag@Co nanomaterials with a very simple method named displacement reaction.
Methods

Ag@Co nanomaterials were prepared in AgNO3 solution with cobalt nanomaterials as the core, while the surface was coated with silver nanomaterials. Ag@Co nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and oscillating sample magnetometer (VSM).In order to evaluate the bacteriostatic effect of Ag@Co nanomaterials, we used qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the bacteriostatic effect of these materials on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853, Gram - negative bacterium), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, Gram-positive bacterium), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922, Gram-negative bacterium) and Candida albicans (ATTC 90029, yeast) in Yellow River water in vitro.
Results

We found that the diameter of the Ag@Co nanomaterials was about 100nm, which was exhibited in form of elemental elements and obvious magnetic properties.The results show that Ag@Co nanomaterials have excellent antibacterial effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and the bacteria in the water of the Yellow River.
Conclusions

Ag@Co nanomaterials have a significant antibacterial effect and can be recycled through an external magnetic field to reduce environmental pollution. Interestingly, the reclaimed Ag@Co nanomaterials can still have antibacterial activity and can be reused. These results indicate that Ag@Co nanomaterials may have potential application as disinfectants for water.
TNFɑ-induced LDL cholesterol accumulation involve elevated LDLR cell surface levels and SR-B1 downregulation in human arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Okoro Emmanuel Ugochukwu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Excess lipid droplets are frequently observed in arterial endothelial cells at sites of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. The mechanism or implication of this observation is unknown.
Methods
The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFɑ) in modulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) content in confluent primary human aortic endothelial cells (pHAECs) was investigated.
Results
TNFɑ promoted up to 2 folds increase in cellular cholesterol, which was resistant to ACAT inhibition. The cholesterol increase was associated with increased 125I-LDL surface binding. Using the non-hydrolysable label, Dil, TNFɑ could induce a massive increase in Dil-LDL by over 200 folds. The elevated intracellular Dil-LDL was blocked with excess unlabeled LDL and PCSK9, but not oxidized LDL (oxLDL), RAP, or apoE depletion. Moreover, TNFɑ-induced increase of LDL-derived lipids was elevated through lysosome inhibition. Using specific LDLR antibody, the Dil-LDL accumulation was reduced by over 99%. Effects of TNFɑ included LDLR cell surface increase by 138%, and very large increases in ICAM-1 total and surface proteins, respectively. In contrast, that of scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) was reduced. Additionally, LDLR antibody bound rapidly in TNFɑ-treated cells by about 30 folds, inducing a migrating shift in the LDLR protein. The effect of TNFɑ on Dil-LDL accumulation was inhibited by the antioxidant tetramethythiourea (TMTU) dose-dependently, but not by downstream cascade inhibitors against NF-κB, stress kinases, ASK1, JNK, p38, or apoptosis caspases. Grown on transwell inserts, TNFɑ did not enhance apical (AP) to basolateral (BL) LDL cholesterol or Dil release.
Conclusions
It is concluded that TNFɑ promotes LDLR functions through combined increase at the cell surface and SR-B1 downregulation. This may have important implications on progression of atherosclerosis.
The Impact of a Dedicated Sedation Team on the Incidence of Complications in Paediatric Procedural Analgosedation
Authors: Apostolidou Sofia , Kintscher Mirna , Schoen Gerhard , Singer Dominique , Ebenebe Chinedu Ulrich , Bartz Hans-Jürgen , Zöllner Christian , Roeher Katharina 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Demands in procedural sedation and analgesia in children are growing as the number of diagnostic and minor therapeutic procedures performed on paediatric patients outside the operating room setting has increased. We established a specialized interdisciplinary team of paediatric anaesthesiologists and paediatric intensivists (Children’s Analgosedation Team, CAST) for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and aimed to analyse the incidence and risk factors of adverse events. A retrospective analysis of data collected in the first year after implementation of the interdisciplinary CAST at our tertiary care university hospital was conducted. Within one year, 784 procedural sedations were performed by the CAST. 7.4% of the patients were infants < 1 year of age. 53% of the patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status III or IV. Most children received propofol (79%) and for painful procedures, additional esketamine (48%). Adverse events occurred in 51 patients (6.5%), most frequently apnoea (1.7%), airway obstruction (1%), and problems with the intravenous access (1%). Cancellation of the procedure occurred in four cases (0.5%). Lack of experience (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.42-0.81) and increasing propofol dosage of 1mg kg-1 (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.55) were identified as predictors for adverse events. ASA classification did not reveal a significant difference in complication rates. Conclusion: Increasing dosage of propofol and lack of experience were associated with adverse events in paediatric analgosedation for brief diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Trial registration number: NCT04760249 (retrospectively registered on February 7th, 2021)
Predictors of Visual outcome in Post Fever Retinitis: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Biswal Suchitra , Gondchawar Ankush , HN Ravishankar , Sagar Pradeep , Shanmugam P Mahesh , Shah Aanal , Tekade Pradeep , Mooss Vidya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To identify the predictors of final visual outcome in cases with post fever retinitis (PFR).Methods : This is a retrospective study of cases with diagnosis of post fever retinitis. Color fundus photograph and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters at presentation and final visit were analysed. Various factors at presentation [age, systemic illness, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), area of retinitis and hard exudates, OCT parameters], at final visit (optic disc pallor, OCT parameters) and the treatment modalities used were correlated with BCVA at final visit.Results : Twenty four eyes of 16 patients with PFR were included in the study. Median BCVA at presentation was 6/60 and at final visit was 6/9. By multiple linear regression after adjusting for other variables, for every 1 unit increase in height of SRF at fovea at presentation, the value of final BCVA decreased by 0.001 unit. For every 1 unit increase in extent of EZ loss and subfoveal deposit height, the value of final BCVA decreased by 0.0001unit and 0.004 unit respectively.Conclusion: Height of SRF at presentation, extent of EZ loss and subfoveal deposit height at final visit were associated with poor final BCVA in PFR.