bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrevista a Marian Moreno
Authors: García Bureta María Isabel 
Published: June 2021

Marian Moreno Llaneza (León, 1964) es referente en Coeducación en España con una larga trayectoria que inició tras ser asesora técnica docente en el Centro de Profesorado de Avilés en 2002, asesora en el Servicio de evaluación, calidad y ordenación académica de la Consejería de Educación en Asturias y asesora técnica docente en el Centro de Profesorado de Avilés. Actualmente, es entre otras labores, asesora de coeducación en el Instituto Asturiano de la Mujer, en la Dirección General de Igualdad del Principado de Asturias.En 2014 creó un claustro virtual de coeducación en la red social Facebook, iniciativa que aglutina a unas 12000 personas. Es una de las organizadoras del I Congreso Internacional de Coeducación y Género, y cofundadora de la asociación CLAVICO.Marian ha supuesto un punto de encuentro para personas interesadas en la coeducación en España, es una figura activa en los encuentros de pensamiento por la educación en igualdad. En el año 2019 recibió el premio UNESCO de educación de niñas y mujeres, al programa Skolae.
En esta entrevista se traza un recorrido sobre el significado de la coeducación, su contexto en España y la posibilidad para tratar la educación en igualdad a través del análisis de los productos audiovisuales en los centros lectivos.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KINESIO TAPPING TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI PUNGGUNG PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III
Authors: S Suyani 
Published: June 2021

Pendahuluan. Nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil bisa disebabkan karena perubahan hormonal yang menimbulkan perubahan pada jaringan lunak penyangga dan penghubung sehingga menurunnya elastisitas dan fleksibilitas otot. Sekitar 50-72% dari ibu hamil yang mengalami nyeri punggung bawah akan meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia kehamilanya. Rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adakah pengaruh kinesio tapping terhadap nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan kinesio tapping terhadap intensitas nyeri punggung pda ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Gamping I Yogyakarta. Metode. Metode penelitian menggunakan Quasi Experimental dengan desain penelitian non equievalent pre dan post test control group design secara kuantitatif dilakukan pada 30 responden yang merupakan ibu hamil trimester III di Puskesmas Gamping I Yogyakarta serta dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 15 responden kelompok perlakuan dan 15 responden kelompok kontrol. Hasil. Hasil analisis uji T didapatkan nilai p value 0,047< 0,05 sehingga hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh penggunaan kinesio tapping terhadap intensitas nyeri punggung pada ibu hamil trimsester III di Puskesmas Gamping I Yogyakarta. Kesimpulan. Hendaknya penelitian ini dapat dijadikan suatu intervensi non farmakologi untuk melakukan penatalaksanaan pada ibu hamil trimester III dengan nyeri punggung.

Kata Kunci: kehamilan, kinesio tapping, nyeri punggung
REINFORCEMENT OF RUBBER BY CARBON BLACK AND LIGNIN-COATED NANOCELLULOSE FIBRILS
Authors: Tunnicliffe Lewis B. , Nelson Kimberly , Pan Shaobo , Curtis John , Herd Charles R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The reinforcement of rubber by a co-filler system of carbon black and lignin-coated nanocellulose fibrils (LCNF) is investigated. Natural rubber (NR)–polybutadiene (BR) blend compounds containing LCNF loadings of up to 20% of the total filler package are prepared, and the dispersion state of the LCNF is determined using interferometric and electron microscopy. The LCNF is found to be well dispersed on macro- and micro-dispersion length scales, with discrete fibrils tending to align in the milling/calendering grain direction. Cure properties—scorch, rate, and total yield of crosslinks—are unaffected by the presence of LCNF in the compounds. Tensile to break and cyclic tensile properties are found to be reasonably consistent with those of a conventional all carbon black control compound. Tear and laboratory abrasion resistance properties are maintained versus the control compound, while a systematic and substantial reduction in compound Payne Effect with increasing LCNF content is observed. Basic aging properties of the compounds are unaffected by the presence of LCNF. The potential benefits of LCNF as a lightweight, sustainable, and bio-derived reinforcing filler are outlined.
IMPROVEMENT OF SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS BY JOINT HYBRIDIZATION WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF SECONDARY FILLERS AND POLYMERS
Authors: Sattayanurak S. , Sahakaro K. , Kaewsakul W. , Dierkes W. K. , Reuvekamp L. A. E. M. , Blume A. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTTo improve the properties of silica-reinforced truck tire tread compounds, especially abrasion resistance, the effect of vinyl contents in butadiene rubber (BR) or solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) as secondary polymers in silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds at a ratio of 80/20 phr is investigated in the first part of this study. By increasing the levels of vinyl contents in BR in combination with NR, a better Payne effect, 300% modulus, reinforcement index, and tan delta at −20 and 0 ° C are obtained, whereas the tensile strength, elongation at break, and DIN abrasion resistance index decrease with increasing vinyl contents. Higher vinyl contents in SSBR result in improvements in Payne effect, 300% modulus, tan delta at −20 and 0 °C but only a small improvement in DIN abrasion resistance index. Combinations of secondary fillers and polymers in silica-filled NR are covered in the second part of present study. Silica/carbon black–filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR, respectively, and silica/organoclay–filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR show positive effects on scorch time and optimum cure time, with only slight changes in Payne effect, tensile properties, tan delta at −20 and 0 ° C and DIN abrasion resistance as compared with compounds with carbon black N134. The use of organoclay results in an enhanced Payne effect and tan delta at 60 °C, indicative of reduced filler–filler networking and consequently a lower rolling resistance of tire tread compounds as compared with the compound without organoclay. The specific combination of a small amount of organoclay replacing the same amount of silica, together with some of the NR replaced by high-vinyl BR, promises a substantial overall boost in wet and ice traction, abrasion, and wear resistance as compared with straight NR/silica tire treads. This new observation helps to overcome one of the main shortcomings of NR/silica compounds: their generally low wear resistance.
DERIVATIZATION OF SOYBEAN OIL TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE AS A PROCESSING OIL IN SBR-BASED RUBBER COMPOUNDS
Authors: Shafranska Olena , Chernykh Andrey , Chisholm Bret J. , Tarnavchyk Ihor , Webster Dean C. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough soybean oil (SBO) has been used as a bio-based processing oil (PO) for rubber compounds, direct replacement of a conventional petroleum-based PO with SBO often results in a reduction of some important properties. As a result, it was of interest to investigate two higher molecular weight SBO-derived materials as POs, namely, sucrose octasoyate (SS) and poly(2-vinyloxyethyl)soyate (P2VOES). When these compounds were used in carbon black (CB)-filled SBR, mechanical properties were significantly improved. This result was mainly attributed to higher crosslink densities resulting from their higher degree of unsaturation per molecule as compared with SBO. Higher unsaturation per molecule increases the probability that the PO will be incorporated into the crosslinked network as elastically effective crosslinks as opposed to dangling chain ends. With regard to tire tread performance, both SS and P2VOES-based vulcanizates showed a lower predicted rolling resistance than the SBO-based control, and the P2VOES vulcanizate showed a better balance between rolling resistance and wet traction. Vulcanizates derived from SS and P2VOES showed a small tangent delta peak between −13 and 35 °C that might be associated with relatively highly crosslinked domains rich in SS or P2VOES.
CHARACTERIZING THE HYDROGEN TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF RUBBERY POLYMERS BY GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Jung Jae Kap , Kim In Gyoo , Jeon Sang Koo , Chung Ki Soo 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe develop an ex situ technique to quantitatively analyze the transport properties of hydrogen gas dissolved under high pressure in rubbery polymers, such as cylindrical and spherical samples of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and fluoroelastomer (FKM), which are potential sealing materials for hydrogen energy infrastructures. The technique consists of real-time gravimetric measurements during the desorption of hydrogen gas from samples using an electronic balance and a self-developed analysis program to determine the total charge (CH0), diffusivity (D), solubility (S) and permeability (P) of hydrogen. Dual absorption behavior is found for all three rubbers as the charging pressure increases. CH0 follows Henry's law at low pressures of up to ∼25 MPa, whereas the Langmuir model applies at high pressures. No significant pressure, size, or shape dependences are observed for D and P. The measured P values are consistent with those from the literature within the combined uncertainty evaluated. The effect of a carbon black filler mixed into rubber is discussed with respect to S and D. This method can be applicable as a standard test for the transport properties versus the pressure of various polymers irrespective of sample shape.
THIXOTROPIC FLOCCULATION EFFECTS IN CARBON BLACK–REINFORCED RUBBER: KINETICS AND THERMAL ACTIVATION
Authors: Tunnicliffe Lewis B. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A new rheological methodology is used to quantify the kinetics and thermal activation of thixotropic recovery (flocculation) of uncrosslinked carbon black–reinforced emulsion SBR following high shears and over a range of annealing temperatures. A wide range of carbon black types are examined to determine the influence of aggregate morphology and surface area on compound flocculation. Several kinetic parameters are correlated with the carbon black aggregate structure and surface area, the results of which imply a transition in mechanisms controlling modulus recovery between shorter and longer recovery time scales. Thermal activation of flocculation is found to scale to the surface area and to the mean aggregate diameter of the carbon blacks following power law relationships. The thermal activation data for a subset of compounds with different carbon blacks prepared at different loadings collapses onto a single master line by rescaling the data to a parameter that is proportional to the theoretical interparticle force calculated for the idealized situation of two spherical particles in proximity. Three different van der Waals force models are evaluated, and in each case, an effective superposition of the thermal activation data is achieved. This indicates that the attractive force between aggregates plays a key role in the flocculation of carbon black in rubber, and this force can be traced back to the aggregate and primary particle sizes, interaggregate distances, and effective volume fractions. The activation energy for the viscosity of the unfilled, uncrosslinked SBR is similar to analogous values calculated for the thermal activation of flocculation. This coupling of energetics may be the result of creep/flow of rubber out of gaps between aggregates resulting from interaggregate attractive forces and any potential diffusive motion of the aggregates. Bound rubber data appear to contain information relating to aggregate packing, which could be exploited in future work to further explore the mechanism of flocculation.
POTENTIAL SUSTAINABLE ANTIOXIDANTS FOR NATURAL RUBBER: HENNA AND ITS MAJOR COMPONENTS
Authors: Öncel Şehriban , Wis Abdulmounem Alchekh , Karaağaç Bağdagül 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Unsaturated chain structure of natural rubber makes it a poor defense against thermo-oxidative aging. Synthetic antioxidants are commonly used in rubber compound recipes to prevent/retard aging of the rubber material during its service life. However, synthetic antioxidants cause some negative effects on human and environmental health; they tend to be replaced by natural alternatives. In this study, the short- and long-term antioxidant effects of henna and its basic active components, lawsone and gallic acid, have been investigated individually for natural rubber cured with semi-efficient sulfur vulcanization system. The composition of henna was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to highlight structural changes on aged vulcanizates. The authors attempted to correlate the suggested aging mechanism with rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties. Results showed that both lawsone and gallic acid were impressively successful regarding their anti-oxidation activity. In addition, henna, which contains a sufficient amount of lawsone and gallic acid, has been suggested as a competitive natural alternative to the common synthetic stabilization system for natural rubber, considering its sustainable commercial abundancy.
ORIGIN OF ENERGETIC ELASTICITY AND ENTROPIC ELASTICITY OF NATURAL RUBBER WITH NANODIAMOND NANOMATRIX STRUCTURE
Authors: Gannoruwa Asangi , Zhou Yuanbing , Kosugi Kenichiro , Yamamoto Yoshimasa , Kawahara Seiichi 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The origin of energetic elasticity in conjunction with the entropic elasticity for natural rubber with a nanodiamond nanomatrix structure was investigated in terms of bound rubber formed between nanodiamonds, based on the interaction between natural rubber and nanodiamonds inside the nanomatrix. The natural rubber with a nanodiamond nanomatrix structure was prepared by reacting nanodiamonds with deproteinized natural rubber in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine at 30 °C in the latex stage followed by drying. Morphology of the products was observed by two-dimensional and three-dimensional transmission electron microscopies. The effect of bound rubber on the mechanical properties of the products was investigated by measurements of the dynamic mechanical properties and differential scanning calorimetry. The contribution of bound rubber was estimated by combining the Takayanagi equation and modified Guth–Gold equation. A significant increase in complex modulus was attributed to the effect of the bound rubber.
INFLUENCE OF MASTICATION ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER
Authors: Okamoto Koji , Toh Michiharu , Liang Xiaobin , Nakajima Ken 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The effects of the masticated state of isoprene rubber (IR) at the carbon black (CB) addition stage on subsequent mixing, microstructure, and physical properties in the case of a kneader with a characteristic large-diameter shaft are investigated by examining the mastication-time dependence. A sufficiently masticated IR shows a shorter black incorporation time, which results in an improved dispersion of CB and better physical properties. Observing the microstructure of a rubber compound using the atomic force microscope–based nanomechanical technique, poor CB dispersion is revealed for insufficient mastication. Specifically, large CB agglomerations surrounded by the interfacial rubber region with higher elastic modulus than that of a rubber matrix are formed. Such a large CB agglomeration, on the other hand, does not appear in rubber compounds with longer mastication times. The thickness of the interfacial region becomes shorter in these cases. These observations are further discussed by the concept of “rheological unit” introduced by Mooney et al. This study demonstrates that the microstructure of a rubber compound is highly heterogenous with rubber regions of different microscopic elastic moduli and that the microstructure has an influence on CB dispersion and the physical properties of rubber.
EFFECTS OF CROSSLINK BOND TYPE OF IIR-BASED WASTE RUBBER POWDER ON THE EPDM-ASSISTED DEVULCANIZATION REACTION
Authors: Xing Zhiyuan , Zhang Ling , Zhang Yuncan , Li Dongxu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Isobutylene–isoprene rubber (IIR)–based waste rubber powder (WRP) present in WRP/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) blends was devulcanized through a stress-induced reaction by increasing the screw rotation speed in the presence of subcritical ethanol. The effects of crosslink bond type (which was cured using phenolic resin, sulphur, or zinc oxide) of WRP and the screw rotation speed on devulcanization were investigated. The results showed that the Mooney viscosity and gel content of the devulcanized blends (DWRP/EPDM) decreased with an increase in the screw rotation speed, and the optimal screw rotation speed maximized the molecular weight (Mη) of sols and enhanced the mechanical properties of the revulcanized material. The optimal screw rotation speed for the phenolic resin-cured WRP1 and zinc oxide-cured WRP3 was 500 r min−1 and that for sulphur-cured WRP2 was 300 r min−1. At the optimal screw rotation speed, crosslink bonds severely fractured, and the main chain structure remained relatively intact. The 1H-NMR spectra of the sol in the devulcanized blends (DWRP/EPDM) confirmed that the content of the alpha and double-bond protons of sols are the highest at the optimal screw rotation speed, and many promoting agent (480) molecules penetrate and participate in devulcanization. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the size of the unfused gel particles in the mixed-revulcanized materials of IIR/(DWRP1/EPDM), IIR/(DWRP2/EPDM), and BIIR/(DWRP3/EPDM) was the smallest at the optimal screw rotation speed.
NOVEL EPDM/PARAFFIN FOAMS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Valentini Francesco , Dorigato Andrea , Fambri Luca , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The thermomechanical behavior of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) foams filled with different concentrations of a paraffin (melting temperature of 21 °C) are investigated for the first time. Samples were prepared by melt compounding and hot pressing, and the effects of two different foaming agents such as Expancel® 909DU80 (E) and Hostatron® P0168 (H) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and density measurements highlighted that the use of E foaming agent led to foams with a closed-cell morphology and a mean pore size of about 20 μm, whereas foams expanded with H were characterized by a mixed closed-/open-cell porosity with a larger cell size (of about 100 μm) and a less uniform pore distribution. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the produced foams were endowed with noticeable thermal energy storage properties (up to 67 J/g with a paraffin amount of 50 wt%). The corresponding thermal parameters were found in the range of 15–50 J/cm3, which were directly dependent on the paraffin content in both heating and cooling. The drop in the maximum tensile stress at elevated paraffin contents observed in the tensile impact tests at 23 °C was counterbalanced by a noticeable enhancement of the deformation at break and of the absorbed impact energy. Tensile tests performed at 0 °C demonstrated that the addition of paraffin within the foams was responsible for a substantial increase in stiffness, whereas at 40 °C, it plays a plasticizing effect.
Frequency, Prevalence, Interaction, and Gender Differences of Six Psychosocial Factors in Patients Presenting to a Psychiatric Emergency Service
Authors: Patterson II James C. , Khalid Ovais , Wakefield Sarah E. , Liegmann Justin K. , Maqsood Saima , Srivastava Rajeev , Allen Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION The psychiatric emergency service (PES) has become an increasingly utilized patient care approach over the past 50 years. Psychosocial factors play an important role in PES utilization and disposition of patients in this environment. PES utilization in our region has increased 450% in the past 18 years, while the population has changed <1%. Our objective was to determine the frequency and relationship between six psychosocial factors in our patients, in comparison to the general population. METHODS We completed a retrospective chart review of 160 patients selected at random who utilized the PES during 2009-2010. We looked for historical presence of a broken family, abuse or neglect, substance abuse, legal problems, violence, or incomplete education. We also looked at the relationship of these factors to race and gender. RESULTS 75% had three or more of the factors measured. In our population, substance abuse and broken family were most prevalent. Females had significantly more abuse or neglect as compared to males, while male subjects had significantly more substance abuse and legal issues than females. The presence of a broken family was strongly associated with abuse or neglect, while violence was associated with incomplete education and legal issues. The prevalence of these factors in our patients was higher than the general population. CONCLUSION The average patient presenting to the PES has multiple major psychosocial problems at higher frequencies than the general population. Understanding the relationship between multiple psychosocial factors and increasing PES utilization can direct us towards addressing the problems causing the increase in PES presentation. A planned future prospective study will examine the incidence of these psychosocial factors in patients presenting to the PES as compared to the general population.
COVID-19 pandemic and its psychological impact among healthy Portuguese and Spanish nursing students
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos , Querido Ana , Marques Goreti , Silva Mafalda , Simões Daniela , Gonçalves Luísa , Figueiredo Rita 
Published: June 2021

Few studies have explored the impacts of COVID-19 and lockdown on the mental health of undergraduate nursing students. This study aimed: a) to explore perceived stress among undergraduate nursing students in Portugal and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak; and b) to analyze several COVID-19 related factors and psychological issues that may be associated with perceived stress. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of Portuguese and Spanish undergraduate nursing students (n=1075). The data gathered included demographic information, questions about COVID-19 related factors, and psychological issues. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with a degree of significance at p<0.05. High perceived stress scores were found in 558 participants (51.9%). Students with high perceived stress most likely had a COVID-19 diagnosis in their household; their household income had been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; experienced difficulty falling asleep or sleeping all night; consumed junk food in excess; neglected their appearance; felt headaches, stomach aches, and back pain; and lacked the patience or desire to exercise. Additionally, high perceived stress was negatively associated with life satisfaction. The results provide evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may significantly influence mental health. Further research should explore the long-term psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among nursing students.