bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Protects Mitochondria from Lipid Peroxidation in Glioblastoma
Authors: Puca Francesca , Yu Fei , Bartolacci Caterina , Pettazzoni Piergiorgio , Carugo Alessandro , Huang-Hobbs Emmet , Liu Jintan , Zanca Ciro , Carbone Federica , Del Poggetto Edoardo , Gumin Joy , Dasgupta Pushan , Seth Sahil , Srinivasan Sanjana , Lang Frederick F. , Sulman Erik P. , Lorenzi Philip L. , Tan Lin , Shan Mengrou , Tolstyka Zachary P. , Kachman Maureen , Zhang Li , Gao Sisi , Deem Angela K. , Genovese Giannicola , Scaglioni Pier Paolo , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Viale Andrea , Draetta Giulio F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to chemotherapies, immune-based therapies, and targeted inhibitors. To identify novel drug targets, we screened orthotopically implanted, patient-derived glioblastoma sphere-forming cells using an RNAi library to probe essential tumor cell metabolic programs. This identified high dependence on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. We focused on medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), which oxidizes medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), due to its consistently high score and high expression among models and upregulation in GBM compared with normal brain. Beyond the expected energetics impairment, MCAD depletion in primary GBM models induced an irreversible cascade of detrimental metabolic effects characterized by accumulation of unmetabolized MCFAs, which induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, irreversible mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Our data uncover a novel protective role for MCAD to clear lipid molecules that may cause lethal cell damage, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of MCFA catabolism may exploit a key metabolic feature of GBM.

Significance:
MCAD exerts a protective role to prevent accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products in glioma cells, actively catabolizing lipid species that would otherwise affect mitochondrial integrity and induce cell death. This work represents a first demonstration of a nonenergetic role for dependence on fatty acid metabolism in cancer.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2659
An assessment of genetic variation in vulnerable Borneo Ironwood Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. in Sarawak using SSR markers
Authors: Md-Isa Siti Fatimah , Yien Yong Christina Seok , Saleh Mohd Nazre , Go Rusea 
Published: May 2021

Borneo Ironwood Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. has high market value for its valuable and durable timber, which has put it at risk due to illegal logging. This study analysed E. zwageri genetic variation using four microsatellite markers in populations at Nirwana Rehabilitation Forest (NRF), and Tatau, Sarawak. We found that 20.1% of total genetic variation corresponded to differences between populations, while 79.9% was attributed to differences among individuals from the same population. The Tatau population had lower genetic diversity compared to NRF, and both populations showed depressed heterozygosity indicative of inbreeding. Allelic data were also used to confirm variety level differences proposed by earlier workers, and three informal varieties: zwageri, grandis, and exilis were recognized in the study area. It is expected that the results from this study could serve as baseline data for conservation of this vulnerable species.
Checklists of subfamilies Dryptinae and Panagaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Indian subcontinent
Authors: Jithmon J.A. , Sabu Thomas K. 
Published: May 2021

Distribution patterns and literature details of 45 Dryptinae and 33 Panagaeinae species reported from the Indian subcontinent are provided. Out of the 45 Dryptinae species, six species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity, two species are endemic to the Indo-Burma hotspot of biodiversity and two species are endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity. Distribution patterns revealed that 24 Dryptinae species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 22 species recorded from the Oriental (ORR) region and two from the Palearctic (PAR) region. Out of the 33 Panagaeinae species, 20 species are endemic to the Indian subcontinent with 17 of these species distributed in the Oriental region; two in the Palearctic region and one species in both Oriental and Palearctic regions. Seven species are endemic to the Western Ghats & Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiveristy and two endemic to the Himalaya hotspot of biodiversity. Six Panagaeinae species and seven Dryptinae species recorded only from the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka hotspot of biodiversity are likely to be representatives of the Gondwana remnants. Genus Ardistomopsis with five species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Pokhara, Nepal during spring season
Authors: Bhattarai Prabhat Kiran , Sharma Basant , Neupane Anisha , Kunwar Sunita , Dhungana Pratyush 
Published: May 2021

Bat research in Nepal is limited and most areas remain to be explored. Sparse research has been conducted in the Banpale forest and to improve the understanding of bat diversity, an updated species checklist was prepared. Trapping surveys using mist nets were conducted at four different locations in the forest from March to May 2018. This survey identified 55 individuals belonging to eight species within eight genera and four families. Trapping locations near less disturbed forest edges and water resources were found to have higher bat diversity compared to highly disturbed areas (e.g., landslides and logging areas). With information from survey and secondary source, we conclude that Banpale forest harbours 10 of the 53 bat species found in Nepal. We recommend adopting practices to conserve the forest from landslides and minimizing illegal logging to conserve bat forest habitats.
Occurrence of Tamdil Leaf-litter Frog Leptobrachella tamdil (Sengupta et al., 2010) (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Manipur, India and its phylogenetic position
Authors: Decemson Ht , Vanlalsiammawii  , Biakzuala Lal , Vabeiryureilai Mathipi , Malsawmdawngliana Fanai , H.T. Lalremsanga  
Published: May 2021

We present a new state record of Leptobrachella tamdil from Manipur State, northeastern India based on three individuals collected from Chakpi stream, Chandel District. This record represents the range extension of the species as well as the easternmost distribution record. We also provide additional morphological data as well as the first time genetic data for the species and inferred its phylogenetic position using mitochondrial 16S rRNA marker gene sequence.
Phantoms and Figments
Authors: Vieira Leitão José 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the parallels that can be observed between the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935) and the English artist Austin Osman Spare (1886–1956). Although having quite different artistic backgrounds, they both arrived at complex spiritual theories and artistic production techniques associated with personality fragmentation and the emotional or intellectual exploration of alternative selves. While Pessoa and Spare are often regarded as exceptional artists and spiritual thinkers within their own environments, these similarities suggest a common familiarity with overarching themes and ideas expanding beyond their own restricted circles. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to question the exact nature of said esoteric and artistic exceptionality in light of the intellectual and artistic groups and movements surrounding them and propose a framework for the study of the overlap of occult and artistic circles in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries.
Stability and Trust in Federations with Ethnic Territories and a Secession Clause – Challenges and Opportunities for Ethiopia
Authors: Follesdal Andreas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
How might Ethiopia maintain its federal structure and its territory? ‘Constitutional contestation’ in Ethiopia is fuelled by two factors: regions and political parties follow ethnic line; and the Ethiopian Constitution has a secession clause.
A central challenge is to secure sufficient political trust. The public must be assured that authorities and individuals across regional borders generally comply with the law. This requires authoritative, independent ways to settle disagreements and monitor compliance, including carefully designed multi-level checks and balances, representatives of regions in central decision making bodies, and a ‘competence police’. So we should welcome the prohibition of the 2019 Election Law against ethnically based political parties. Strong and credible human rights constraints together with free media and functioning opposition parties may also foster trusts,. This is one further reason why Ethiopia should grant the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR) jurisdiction to hear cases from ngo s and individuals.
Investor State Arbitration in a Changing World Order
Authors: Resar Alexander W. , Cheng Tai-Heng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In Investor State Arbitration in a Changing World Order, the authors examine the sustained worldwide challenges to investor state arbitration arising from across the political spectrum. These challenges have led to extensive and thoughtful proposals for reform from the international arbitration community, domestic lawmakers, and international bureaucrats. These reforms play an important role in the continuous evolution of investor state arbitration, and will enhance the quality of justice rendered. However, the authors argue, these reforms are insufficient to resolve the domestic political challenges that investor state arbitration faces. Only political solutions that justify for broad populations the international flow of capital and the independent resolution of disputes arising therefrom can preserve the institution of investor state arbitration. Absent the more equitable distribution of the benefits associated with the international flow of capital, political support for investor state arbitration will remain tenuous, notwithstanding the significant de-escalatory benefits investor state arbitration offers.
Analysis of Gabapentin’s Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tavares Matheus Pedrosa , Bahmad Fayez 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Tinnitus can be a chronic symptom that brings disability and distress. Some studies suggested that gabapentin might be effective on tinnitus relief. The objective of the study is to perform a systematic review in order to evaluate the efficacy of oral gabapentin in patients with tinnitus. Methods: A literature search was conducted in English and following the recommendations from PRISMA. The terms used were: (“tinnitus” OR “subjective tinnitus”) AND (“gabapentin”). The study selection was performed following the eligibility criteria in accordance to the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) strategy—patients with tinnitus; oral gabapentin; placebo; reduction of tinnitus severity questionnaires scores; prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, respectively. The selected studies were included in qualitative synthesis. The studies were analyzed according to Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal checklist for randomized controlled trials. Results: One hundred twenty-one studies were found in 9 databases and 8 studies were found in gray literature. After study selection, 6 articles were read in full. Then, 2 studies were excluded and 4 were included in qualitative synthesis. All 4 articles were analyzed according to critical evaluation checklist. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of gabapentin for patients with tinnitus.
Pediatric Single-Sided Deafness: A Review of Prevalence, Radiologic Findings, and Cochlear Implant Candidacy
Authors: Dewyer Nicholas A. , Smith Sullivan , Herrmann Barbara , Reinshagen Katherine L. , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To characterize the prevalence, imaging characteristics, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Methods: An audiometric database of patients evaluated at a large tertiary academic medical center was retrospectively queried to identify pediatric patients (<18 years old) with SSD, defined as severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing in the other. Medical records of identified patients were reviewed to characterize the prevalence, etiology, and cochlear implant candidacy of pediatric patients with SSD. Results: We reviewed audiometric data obtained from 1993 to 2018 for 52,878 children at our institution. 191 (0.36%) had the diagnosis of SSD. Cochlear nerve deficiency (either hypoplasia or aplasia) diagnosed on MRI and/or CT was the most common etiology of SSD and was present in 22 of 88 (25%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging data. 70 of 106 (66%) pediatric SSD patients with available imaging had anatomy amenable to cochlear implantation. Conclusions: Pediatric SSD is a rare condition and the most common etiology based on radiology is cochlear nerve deficiency. High resolution imaging of the temporal bone is essential to determine cochlear nerve morphology prior to consideration of cochlear implantation.
Vicarious Racism and Vigilance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Implications Among Asian and Black Americans
Authors: Chae David H. , Yip Tiffany , Martz Connor D. , Chung Kara , Richeson Jennifer A. , Hajat Anjum , Curtis David S. , Rogers Leoandra Onnie , LaVeist Thomas A. 
Published: May 2021

Objectives Experiences of vicarious racism—hearing about racism directed toward one’s racial group or racist acts committed against other racial group members—and vigilance about racial discrimination have been salient during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined vicarious racism and vigilance in relation to symptoms of depression and anxiety among Asian and Black Americans. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study of 604 Asian American and 844 Black American adults aged ≥18 in the United States recruited from 5 US cities from May 21 through July 15, 2020. Multivariable linear regression models examined levels of depression and anxiety by self-reported vicarious racism and vigilance. Results Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, among both Asian and Black Americans, greater self-reported vicarious racism was associated with more symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.92 [95% CI, 0.97-2.87]; Black: β = 1.72 [95% CI, 0.95-2.49]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 2.40 [95% CI, 1.48-3.32]; Black: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17-2.78]). Vigilance was also positively related to symptoms of depression (Asian: β = 1.54 [95% CI, 0.58-2.50]; Black: β = 0.90 [95% CI, 0.12-1.67]) and anxiety (Asian: β = 1.98 [95% CI, 1.05-2.91]; Black: β = 1.64 [95% CI, 0.82-2.45]). Conclusions Mental health problems are a pressing concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our study suggest that heightened racist sentiment, harassment, and violence against Asian and Black Americans contribute to increased risk of depression and anxiety via vicarious racism and vigilance. Public health efforts during this period should address endemic racism as well as COVID-19.
Impact of postoperative hypothermia on outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Ntinopoulos Vasileios , Papadopoulos Nestoras , Haeussler Achim , Odavic Dragan , Fodor Patricia , Dzemali Omer 
Published: May 2021

Background Even though the physiological derangements caused by hypothermia are well described, there is no consensus about its impact on postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of postoperative hypothermia on outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods A total of 1979 patients undergoing isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery in a single center in the period 2007–2018 were classified according to their axillary temperature measurement at intensive care unit admission postoperatively to either hypothermic (<36°C) or normothermic (≥36°C). Between-group differences on baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were assessed before and after propensity score matching. Results Data analysis showed that 582 patients (29.4%) were hypothermic (median temperature 35.5°C) and 1397 patients (70.6%) were normothermic (median temperature 36.4°C). Using propensity score matching, 567 patient pairs were created. Patients with hypothermia exhibited a higher rate of postoperative transfusion of at least three red cell concentrate units (14.3% vs 9%, p = 0.005), a longer intubation duration (median duration, 6 vs 5 h, p < 0.0001), and a longer intensive care unit stay (median stay, 1.6 vs 1.3 days, p = 0.008). There was no difference in reoperation for bleeding, renal replacement therapy, infections, and mortality between the two groups. Conclusions Even though associated with a higher blood transfusion requirement and a slightly longer intensive care unit stay, mild postoperative hypothermia was not associated with a higher morbidity and mortality.
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock after coronary endarterectomy
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Liangshan , Gu Chengxiong 
Published: May 2021

Background: Clinical outcomes of cardiogenic shock patients who were supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) after coronary endarterectomy (CE) have not yet been reported. We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the short-term outcomes of patients supported with VA-ECMO after CE. Methods: Patients ( n = 32) who received VA-ECMO refractory cardiogenic shock after CE between January 2011 and December 2020 at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: Twenty patients (63%) could be weaned from VA-ECMO, and 12 patients (38%) survived to hospital discharge. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time on VA-ECMO support was 4 (3–6) days. The median (IQR) length of ICU stay and hospital stay were 9 (5–13) and 20 (15–27) days, respectively. Neurological complications were observed in 4 (13%) of the patients. ECMO-related complications occurred in 9 (28%) of the patients. SAVE score was identified as an independent protective factor for in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54–0.91; p = 0.009). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for SAVE score was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67–0.98). SOFA score (0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.94) and EuroSCORE (0.79; 95% CI, 0.62–0.97) also exhibited good performances. Conclusions: VA-ECMO is an acceptable technique for the treatment of cardiogenic shock in patients undergoing CE. SAVE score might be a useful tool to predict survival for these patients. Prospective studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes of hospital survivors.
Altered cerebellar-cortical resting-state functional connectivity in cannabis users
Authors: Schnakenberg Martin Ashley M , Kim Dae-Jin , Newman Sharlene D , Cheng Hu , Hetrick William P , Mackie Ken , O’Donnell Brian F 
Published: May 2021

Background: Cannabis use has been associated with abnormalities in cerebellar mediated motor and non-motor (i.e. cognition and personality) phenomena. Since the cerebellum is a region with high cannabinoid type 1 receptor density, these impairments may reflect alterations of signaling between the cerebellum and other brain regions. Aims: We hypothesized that cerebellar-cortical resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) would be altered in cannabis users, relative to their non-using peers. It was also hypothesized that differences in rsFC would be associated with cannabis use features, such as age of initiation and lifetime use. Methods: Cerebellar-cortical and subcortical rsFCs were computed between 28 cerebellar lobules, defined by a spatially unbiased atlas template of the cerebellum, and individual voxels in the cerebral regions, in 41 regular cannabis users (20 female) and healthy non-using peers ( N = 31; 18 female). We also investigated associations between rsFC and cannabis use features (e.g. lifetime cannabis use and age of initiation). Results: Cannabis users demonstrated hyperconnectivity between the anterior cerebellar regions (i.e. lobule I-IV) with the posterior cingulate cortex, and hypoconnectivity between the rest of the cerebellum (i.e. Crus I and II, lobule VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, IX, and X) and the cortex. No associations were observed between features of cannabis use and rsFC. Conclusions: Cannabis use was associated with altered patterns of rsFC from the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex which may have a downstream impact on behavior and cognition.
Efficacy and tolerability of chemosaturation in patients with hepatic metastases from uveal melanoma
Authors: Estler Arne , Artzner Christoph , Bitzer Michael , Nikolaou Konstantin , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Hepp Tobias , Hagen Florian , Eigentler Thomas , Forschner Andrea , Grözinger Gerd 
Published: May 2021

Background Patients with hepatic metastatic uveal melanoma still have a poor outcome. Purpose To evaluate overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response predictors in these patients treated with chemosaturation by percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (CS-PHP). Material and Methods Between June 2015 and March 2020, a total of 29 patients (median age 69.7 years; age range 30–81 years; 60% women; median BMI 25.7 kg/m2; range 18.7–35.3kg/m2; 1–6 procedures per patient) were treated with 53 CS-PHPs. All patients received cross-sectional imaging for initial and follow-up examinations. Baseline tumor load, extrahepatic tumor load, tumor response, PFS, and OS were assessed. Non-parametric statistics were used. Results After the initial CS-PHP, a partial response was observed in 11 patients (41%), stable disease in 12 patients (44%) and progressive disease in 4 patients (15%); two patients died before the response was evaluated. After initial CS-PHP, median OS was 12.9 ± 7.4 months and median PFS was 7.1 ± 7.4 months. OS after one year was 50%. After the second CS-PHP, median PFS was 7.9 ± 5.7 months. Seven patients had a liver tumor burden >25%, associated with a significantly shorter OS (6.0 ± 2.4 vs. 14.1 ± 12.7 months; P = 0.008). At the time of first CS-PHP, 41% (12/29) of the patients had extrahepatic metastases that did not affect OS (11.1 ± 8.4 months vs. 12.9 ± 13.6 months; P = 0.66). Conclusion CS-PHP is a safe and effective treatment for the hepatic metastatic uveal melanoma, especially for patients with a hepatic tumor burden <25%.
Risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Yan Qiuli , Niu Wensi , Jiang Wujun , Hao Chuangli , Chen Meiyuan , Hua Jun 
Published: May 2021

Objective To determine the risk factors for delayed radiographic resolution in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) and explore the most suitable time for interventional bronchoscopy. Methods This retrospective study involved 142 children with RMPP who were admitted to our hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. They were divided into a common resolution group and a delayed resolution group based on their chest radiograph series. Results Among the 142 patients, 67 showed common resolution on chest radiographs and 75 showed delayed resolution. Independent risk factors for delayed resolution were a clinical course of ≥11.5 days before the performance of interventional bronchoscopy, mucus plug formation, corticosteroid resistance, and atelectasis. When bronchoscopy was performed before the disease had been present for <11.5 days, the length of hospitalization, total fever duration, and duration of time until disappearance of coughing were shorter than those in children who underwent bronchoscopy after the disease had been present for ≥11.5 days. Conclusions Corticosteroid resistance, the time to interventional bronchoscopy, atelectasis, and mucus plug formation were associated with delayed resolution on chest radiographs. Performance of interventional bronchoscopy before the clinical course has reached 11.5 days may help alleviate clinical symptoms and improve radiographic resolution.