bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Tumors in Mammary Adenolipomas: A Report of 2 Unusual Cases
Authors: Harigopal Malini , Mudrovich Steven A. , Hoda Syed A. , Rosen Paul Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two unusual examples of secondary tumors arising in adenolipomas were diagnosed in a 16-year-old girl and a 27-year-old woman, each of whom presented with asymmetric enlargement of the right breast. In both instances, a significant secondary lesion was associated with the adenolipoma. In the first case, a cyst appeared to have arisen in a fibroadenoma within the adenolipoma, which had apparently undergone infarction during a recent pregnancy and postpartum period. There was micropapillary duct epithelial hyperplasia of the cyst lining epithelium. In the second case, an adenofibroma with atypical lobular hyperplasia was present within the adenolipoma.
A Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein–Secreting Metastatic Epithelioid Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Tang Shou-jiang , Geevarghese Sunil , Saab Sammy , Martinez Dorothy , Van Herle Andre , Wallace William D. , Cortina Galen R. , Dry Sarah , Busuttil Ronald W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A diagnosis of parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTH-rP)–secreting metastatic uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcoma was made in a 61-year-old woman with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. A primary uterine tumor had been removed 10 years previously, which had been associated with a short history of hypercalcemia. The original uterine tumor was diagnosed as a smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PTH-rP–secreting uterine leiomyosarcoma. We demonstrate the dramatic changes in serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH, and PTH-rP levels after tumor resection. Extensive biochemical analysis and detailed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization demonstrate several features of this tumor.
SYT-SSX2 Variant of Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma With Focal Expression of CD117 (c-Kit) Protein and a Poor Clinical Outcome
Authors: Boroumand Nahal , Raja Vinay , Jones Dennie V. , Haque Abida K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a rare neoplasm recently recognized as a distinct entity and characterized by t(X;18) translocation and production of at least 2 fusion genes, SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2. We report a case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma with the SYT-SSX2 phenotype and a rapidly progressive downhill course. Previous reports have suggested that the soft tissue synovial sarcomas with SYT-SSX2 phenotype have a favorable clinical outcome. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of CD117 (c-Kit) expression in a pulmonary synovial sarcoma. A 45-year-old woman presented with left chest pain and was found to have a left lower lobe tumor that was originally diagnosed as a sarcomatoid carcinoma. After the patient underwent chemotherapy and brachytherapy, the specimen from a left pneumonectomy showed a large spindle cell tumor, which was reclassified as a synovial sarcoma based on the results of immunophenotyping and molecular genetic studies. Differentiation between sarcoma and carcinosarcoma is crucial for implementing appropriate therapy. Furthermore, if the tumor expresses c-Kit, it may respond to target-based therapy.
Carcinoid Tumors of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Martignoni Guido , Eble John N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the clinical, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features of 2 carcinoid tumors of the urinary bladder and review the literature. Both tumors were located in the bladder neck, presented with hematuria, were small, and appeared to be completely excised cystoscopically. The tumors were smooth-surfaced sessile polypoid nodules covered by urothelium. Both tumors had glandular architecture. One tumor had regular bland nuclei, and the other had focal moderate nuclear pleomorphism. Neuroendocrine differentiation was readily confirmed by the immunohistochemical markers chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neural cell adhesion molecule (CD56/NCAM). In 1 of the tumors, 20% of the cells were positive for the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, and 20% were positive for thyroid transcription factor 1.
Intraosseous Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst in a Great Toe
Authors: Wang Beverly Y. , Eisler Jesse , Springfield Dempsey , Klein Michael J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Epidermoid inclusion cysts are benign lesions that occasionally occur in the distal phalanges of the fingers but are less frequently identified and underreported in the toes. We describe a 55-year-old man with a history of work-related trauma followed by painful expansion of his right great toe, resulting in great anxiety. Imaging studies revealed a radiolucent lesion in the distal phalanx of his right hallux. Clinical differential diagnoses included the possibility of an intramedullary inclusion cyst and other various radiolucent lesions. During surgery, a cystic lesion that contained creamy material was discovered. Frozen section diagnosis of the lesion was an intraosseous epidermoid inclusion cyst. The lesion was removed and the patient recovered uneventfully. Although it has been reported that an unduly large number of phalangeal cysts have been treated by amputation, the judicious use of intraoperative frozen sections can prevent this scenario.
Synchronous Adenocarcinoma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Colon
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi , Trainer Thomas D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Synchronous occurrence of malignant lymphoma and carcinoma, both located in the intestinal tract, is unusual. We report a unique case of an adenocarcinoma of the cecum and a simultaneous mantle cell lymphoma of the colon, terminal ileum, and regional lymph nodes in an 85-year-old man. Grossly, the adenocarcinoma was identified as a cecal mass. Lymphomatous involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was evident only on microscopic examination. The terminal ileum and colon showed microscopic disseminated multiple mucosal nodules, with involvement of the regional lymph nodes. There was no involvement of distant organs, suggesting that the mantle cell lymphoma was early in its evolution without formation of polyps or a mass lesion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case with this association and the second case that showed early involvement of the gastrointestinal tract with mantle cell lymphoma without polyp formation.
Composite Thymoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Involving the Anterior Mediastinum
Authors: Khoury Joseph D. , Amin Hesham M. , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Ostrowski Mary L. , Bloom M. G. Kim , Medeiros L. Jeffrey 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Simultaneous involvement of the anterior mediastinum by thymoma and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. We describe a composite tumor composed of thymoma and CLL/SLL incidentally discovered in a 62-year-old man who had no history of malignant diseases or immunologic disorders. The preoperative peripheral blood specimen showed a normal complete blood cell count and differential count. The diagnosis was established by histologic examination and immunophenotypic studies of the surgically excised anterior mediastinal mass. Postoperatively, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy specimens showed morphologic evidence of CLL/SLL, and the presence of neoplastic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow was confirmed by flow cytometry immunophenotypic analysis.
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Intratumoral Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition in Patients With Acquired Cystic Disease of the Kidney
Authors: Rioux-Leclercq Nathalie C. , Epstein Jonathan I. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We describe 2 cases of renal cell carcinoma arising in acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for more than 5 years and provide a brief review of the complications of ACDK. In both cases, abundant calcium oxalate crystals were observed within the tumors. Histologically, one of the tumors was a conventional (clear cell) renal cell carcinoma. The other tumor was a bilateral papillary renal cell carcinoma. Both tumors were high-grade carcinomas with extensive oncocytic (acidophilic) features. Also noted within the kidneys were cysts with atypical papillary hyperplasia. The clinicopathologic findings along with review of the literature suggest a relationship between tumor growth and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in patients undergoing hemodialysis with ACDK.
Del suicidio de Judas al salto de Pármeno: codicia, traición y caídas mortales en <i>La Celestina</i>
Authors: Beltrán Rafael 
Published: January 2021

El artículo se propone el estudio de las influencias de los motivos de la traición y suicidio de Judas Iscariote en las caídas mortales de cuatro personajes principales de La Celestina. Judas encarna, mejor que ningún otro personaje bíblico, la trayectoria del pecador, desde la lealtad y la traición hasta la desesperación y la muerte suicida. Se examina la figura literaria e iconográfica de la codicia, traición y suicidio de Judas en la Edad Media, centrándonos en los dos tipos de suicidio que refleja la Biblia. Se analizan las caídas accidentales (Calisto), los saltos mortales al vacío (Sempronio y Pármeno) y el suicidio (Melibea); las imágenes de representación de la traición (la bolsa de las monedas); y, finalmente, la trayectoria de Pármeno, que va, como la de Judas, desde fidelidad del buen criado, pasando por la codicia y la traición, hasta el salto mortal hacia el vacío desesperado.
Uptake of circulating extracellular vesicles from rectal cancer patients and differential responses by human monocyte cultures
Authors: Bjørnetrø Tonje , Steffensen Lilly Alice , Vestad Beate , Brusletto Berit Sletbakk , Olstad Ole Kristoffer , Trøseid Anne‐Marie , Aass Hans Christian Dalsbotten , Haug Kari Bente Foss , Llorente Alicia , Bøe Stig Ove , Lång Anna , Samiappan Rampradeep , Redalen Kathrine Røe , Øvstebø Reidun , Ree Anne Hansen 
Published: January 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by tumor cells can directly or indirectly modulate the phenotype and function of the immune cells of the microenvironment locally or at distant sites. The uptake of circulating EVs and the responses by human monocytes in vitro may provide new insights into the underlying biology of the invasive and metastatic processes in cancer. Although a mixed population of vesicles is obtained with most isolation techniques, we predominantly isolated exosomes (small EVs) and microvesicles (medium EVs) from the SW480 colorectal cancer cell line (established from a primary adenocarcinoma of the colon) by sequential centrifugation and ultrafiltration, and plasma EVs were prepared from 22 patients with rectal adenoma polyps or invasive adenocarcinoma by size‐exclusion chromatography. The EVs were thoroughly characterized. The uptake of SW480 EVs was analyzed, and small SW480 EVs were observed to be more potent than medium SW480 EVs in inducing monocyte secretion of cytokines. The plasma EVs were also internalized by monocytes; however, their cytokine‐releasing potency was lower than that of the cell line‐derived vesicles. The transcriptional changes in the monocytes highlighted differences between adenoma and adenocarcinoma patient EVs in their ability to regulate biological functions, whereas the most intriguing changes were found in monocytes receiving EVs from patients with metastatic compared with localized cancer.
H2 In Situ Inducing Strategy on Pt Surface Segregation Over Low Pt Doped PtNi5 Nanoalloy with Superhigh Alkaline HER Activity
Authors: Zhang Cong , Liang Xin , Xu Ruinian , Dai Chengna , Wu Bin , Yu Gangqiang , Chen Biaohua , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Ning 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurface segregation constitutes an efficient approach to enhance the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of bimetallic PtxNiy nanoalloys. Herein, a new strategy is proposed by utilizing the small gas molecule of H2 as the structure directing agent (SDA) to in situ induce Pt surface segregations over a series of PtNi5‐n samples with extremely low Pt doping (Pt/Ni = 0.2). Impressively, the sample of PtNi5‐0.3 synthesized under 0.3 MPa H2 delivers an extremely low overpotential of 26.8 mV (−10 mA cm−2) and Tafel slope of 19.2 mV dec−1, which is superior to most of the previously reported PtxNiy electrocatalysts. This is substantially related to the strong H2 in situ inducing effect to generate Pt‐rich@Ni‐rich core‐shell nanostructure of PtNi5‐0.3 with an ultrahigh Pt surface content of 46%. The specific mechanistic effects of H2 during the PtNi5‐n synthesis process are well illustrated based on the combined experimental and theoretical studies. The density functional theory mechanism simulations further unravel that the evolved active site of PtNi5‐n can efficiently reduce the reaction Gibbs free energies; especially for the scenario of PtNi5‐0.3, the downward‐shifted d band center of the Pt active site significantly reduces the PtH bond strength, eventually resulting in the lowest absolute value of ΔGH.
Outstanding Low‐Temperature Performance of Structure‐Controlled Graphene Anode Based on Surface‐Controlled Charge Storage Mechanism
Authors: Lee Michael J. , Lee Kyungbin , Lim Jeonghoon , Li Mochen , Noda Suguru , Kwon Seok Joon , DeMattia Brianne , Lee Byeongyong , Lee Seung Woo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe energy and power performance of lithium (Li)‐ion batteries is significantly reduced at low‐temperature conditions, which is mainly due to the slow diffusion of Li‐ions in graphite anode. Here, it is demonstrated that the effective utilization of the surface‐controlled charge storage mechanism through the transition from layered graphite to 3D crumpled graphene (CG) dramatically improves the Li‐ion charge storage kinetics and structural stability at low‐temperature conditions. The structure‐controlled CG anode prepared via a one‐step aerosol drying process shows a remarkable rate‐capability by delivering ≈206 mAh g–1 at a high current density of 10 A g–1 at room temperature. At an extremely low temperature of −40 °C, CG anode still exhibits a high capacity of ≈154 mAh g–1 at 0.01 A g–1 with excellent rate‐capability and cycling stability. A combination of electrochemical studies and density functional theory (DFT) reveals that the superior performance of CG anode stems from the dominant surface‐controlled charge storage mechanism at various defect sites. This study establishes the effective utilization of the surface‐controlled charge storage mechanism through structure‐controlled graphene as a promising strategy to improve the charge storage kinetics and stability under low‐temperature conditions.
Advances in Micro/Nanoporous Membranes for Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Sun Meilin , Han Kai , Hu Rui , Liu Dan , Fu Wenzhu , Liu Wenming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPorous membrane materials at the micro/nanoscale have exhibited practical and potential value for extensive biological and medical applications associated with filtration and isolation, cell separation and sorting, micro‐arrangement, in‐vitro tissue reconstruction, high‐throughput manipulation and analysis, and real‐time sensing. Herein, an overview of technological development of micro/nanoporous membranes (M/N‐PMs) is provided. Various membrane types and the progress documented in membrane fabrication techniques, including the electrochemical‐etching, laser‐based technology, microcontact printing, electron beam lithography, imprinting, capillary force lithography, spin coating, and microfluidic molding are described. Their key features, achievements, and limitations associated with micro/nanoporous membrane (M/N‐PM) preparation are discussed. The recently popularized applications of M/N‐PMs in biomedical engineering involving the separation of cells and biomolecules, bioparticle operations, biomimicking, micropatterning, bioassay, and biosensing are explored too. Finally, the challenges that need to be overcome for M/N‐PM fabrication and future applications are highlighted.
Photophysics of 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites: Progress, Debates, and Challenges
Authors: Gan Zhixing , Cheng Yingchun , Chen Weijian , Loh Kian Ping , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming 
Published: January 2021

Abstract2D organic–inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) have recently attracted increasing attention due to their excellent environmental stability, high degree of electronic tunability, and natural multiquantum‐well structures. Although there is a rapid development of photoelectronic applications in solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and lasers based on 2D RPPs, the state‐of‐the‐art performance is far inferior to that of the existing devices because of the limited understanding on fundamental physics, especially special photophysics in carrier dynamics, excitonic fine structures, excitonic quasiparticles, and spin‐related effect. Thus, there is still plenty of room to improve the performances of photoelectronic devices based on 2D RPPs by enhancing knowledge on fundamental photophysics. This review highlights the special photophysics of 2D RPPs that is fundamentally different from the conventional 3D congeners. It also provides the most recent progress, debates, challenges, prospects, and in‐depth understanding of photophysics in 2D perovskites, which is significant for not only boosting performance of solar cells, LEDs, photodetectors, but also future development of applications in lasers, spintronics, quantum information, and integrated photonic chips.
Highly Accessible Atomically Dispersed Fe‐Nx Sites Electrocatalyst for Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Guo Jianing , Li Bingjie , Zhang Qiyu , Liu Qingtao , Wang Zelin , Zhao Yufei , Shui Jianglan , Xiang Zhonghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAtomically dispersed transition metal‐Nx sites have emerged as a frontier for electrocatalysis because of the maximized atom utilization. However, there is still the problem that the reactant is difficult to reach active sites inside the catalytic layer in the practical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) testing, resulting in the ineffective utilization of the deeply hided active sites. In the device manner, the favorite structure of electrocatalysts for good mass transfer is vital for PEMFC. Herein, a facile one‐step approach to synthesize atomically dispersed Fe‐Nx species on hierarchically porous carbon nanostructures as a high‐efficient and stable atomically dispersed catalyst for oxygen reduction in acidic media is reported, which is achieved by a predesigned hierarchical covalent organic polymer (COP) with iron anchored. COP materials with well‐defined building blocks can stabilize the dopants and
provide efficient mass transport. The appropriate hierarchical pore structure is proved to facilitate the mass transport of reactants to the active sites, ensuring the utilization of active sites in devices. Particularly, the structurally optimized HSAC/Fe‐3 displays a maximum power density of up to 824 mW cm−2, higher than other samples with fewer mesopores. Accordingly, this work will offer inspirations for designing efficient atomically dispersed electrocatalyst in PEMFC device.
High‐Efficacy and Polymeric Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Closely Packed Li Electrodeposition
Authors: Li Siyuan , Liu Qilei , Zhang Weidong , Fan Lei , Wang Xinyang , Wang Xiao , Shen Zeyu , Zang Xiaoxian , Zhao Yu , Ma Fuyuan , Lu Yingying 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe industrial application of lithium metal anode requires less side reaction between active lithium and electrolyte, which demands the sustainability of the electrolyte‐induced solid‐electrolyte interface. Here, through a new diluted lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate‐based (LiDFOB) high concentration electrolyte system, it is found that the oxidation behavior of aggregated LiDFOB salt has a great impact on solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and Li reversibility. Under the operation window of Cu/LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells (rather than Li/Cu configuration), a polyether/coordinated borate containing solid‐electrolyte interphase with inner Li2O crystalline can be observed with the increasing concentration of salt, which can be ascribed to the reaction between aggregated electron‐deficient borate species and electron‐rich alkoxide SEI components. The high Li reversibility (99.34%) and near‐theoretical lithium deposition enable the stable cycling of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Li cells (N/P < 2, 350 Wh kg−1) under high cutoff voltage condition of 4.6 V and lean electrolyte condition (E/C ≈ 3.2 g Ah−1).
E‐Learning Three‐Dimensional Anatomy of the Brainstem: Impact of Different Microscopy Techniques and Spatial Ability
Authors: Cappellen van Walsum Anne‐Marie van , Henssen Dylan J.H.A. 
Published: January 2021

Polarized light imaging (PLI) is a new method which quantifies and visualizes nerve fiber direction. In this study, the educational value of PLI sections of the human brainstem were compared to histological sections stained with Luxol fast blue (LFB) using e‐learning modules. Mental Rotations Test (MRT) was used to assess the spatial ability. Pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and long‐term (1 week) anatomical tests were provided to assess the baseline knowledge and retention. One‐on‐one electronic interviews after the last test were carried out to understand the students’ perceptions of the intervention. Thirty‐eight medical students, (19 female and 19 males, mean age 21.5 ± SD 2.4; median age: 21.0 years) participated with a mean MRT score of 13.2 ± 5.2 points and a mean pre‐intervention knowledge test score of 49.9 ± 11.8%. A significant improvement in both, post‐intervention and long‐term test scores occurred after learning with either PLI or LFB e‐learning module on brainstem anatomy (both P < 0.001). No difference was observed between groups in post‐intervention test scores and long‐term test scores (P = 0.913 and P = 0.403, respectively). A higher MRT‐score was significantly correlated with a higher post‐intervention test score (rk = 0.321; P < 0.05, respectively), but there was not a significant association between the MRT‐ and the long‐term scores (rk = −0.078; P = 0.509). Interviews (n = 10) revealed three major topics: Learning (brainstem) anatomy by use of e‐learning modules; The “need” of technological background information when studying brainstem sections; and Mnemonics when studying brainstem anatomy. Future studies should assess the cognitive burden of cross‐sectional learning methods with PLI and/or LFB sections and their effects on knowledge retention.
Explaining high braking indices of magnetarsSGR0501+4516 and1E2259+586 using the double magnetic‐dipole model
Authors: Yan Fang‐Zhou , Gao Zhi‐Fu , Yang Wen‐Shen , Dong Ai‐Jun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we attribute high braking indicesn > 3of two magnetars SGR 0501+4516 and 1E 2259+586 to the decrease in their inclination angles using the double magnetic‐dipole model proposed by Hamil et al. (2016). In this model, there are two magnetic moments inside a neutron star—one is generated by the rotation effect of a charged sphere,M1, and the other is generated by the magnetization of ferromagnetically ordered material,M2. Our calculations indicate that the magnetic momentM2would evolve toward alignment with the spin axis of the two magnetars and cause their magnetic inclination angles to decrease. We also define a ratioη = M2/M1, which reflects the magnetization degree, and find that the values ofηof the two magnetars are about two orders of magnitude higher than that of rotationally powered pulsar PSR J1640‐4631 withn = 3.15(3), assuming that they have the same rate of decrease in their inclination angles.