bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurochemical Signaling of Reward and Aversion to Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neurons
Authors: McGovern Dillon J. , Polter Abigail M. , Root David H. 
Published: May 2021

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate neurons signal and participate in reward and aversion-based behaviors. However, the neurochemical mechanisms that underlie how these neurons contribute to motivated behaviors is unknown. We used a combination of optical sensors to identify how distinct neurochemical inputs to VTA glutamate neurons participate in motivated behavior within female and male transgenic mice. Activity of glutamate inputs to VTA glutamate neurons increased for both reward-predicting and aversion-predicting cues and aversive outcomes, but subpopulations of glutamate inputs were increased or decreased by reward. For both reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes, activity of GABA inputs to VTA glutamate neurons mostly decreased. GCaMP recordings showed overall population increases in VTA glutamate neuron intracellular calcium during reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes. Electrophysiological recordings of VTA VGluT2 neurons showed that glutamate receptor activation increases firing while loss of excitation via glutamate receptor blockade decreases firing. GABA-A receptor activation decreased VTA glutamate neuron firing but GABA-A receptor blockade did not significantly change VTA glutamate neuron firing. Electrophysiological recordings in coordination with our sensor data suggest that glutamate inputs strongly regulate VTA glutamate neuron participation in diverse motivated behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlutamate and GABA are the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of the nervous system. However, identifying how these neurotransmitters regulate motivated behavior has remained challenging because of a lack of tools (1) capable of measuring neurotransmission at the temporal scale of motivated behaviors and (2) capable of capturing chemical signaling onto genetically-distinct neuronal populations. We have overcome these obstacles by implementing genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators to monitor both glutamate and GABA input dynamics exclusively to ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate neurons during reward and aversion-based behaviors. We identify that glutamate and GABA inputs to VTA glutamate neurons differentially and dynamically signal reward and aversion-based cues and outcomes. This research provides foundational evidence that links distinct neurotransmitters to motivated behaviors regulated by VTA glutamate neurons.
Frontostriatal Projections Regulate Innate Avoidance Behavior
Authors: Loewke Adrienne C. , Minerva Adelaide R. , Nelson Alexandra B. , Kreitzer Anatol C. , Gunaydin Lisa A. 
Published: May 2021

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been linked to avoidance and decision-making under conflict, key neural computations altered in anxiety disorders. However, the heterogeneity of prefrontal projections has obscured identification of specific top-down projections involved. While the dmPFC–amygdala circuit has long been implicated in controlling reflexive fear responses, recent work suggests that dmPFC–dorsomedial striatum (DMS) projections may be more important for regulating avoidance. Using fiber photometry recordings in both male and female mice during the elevated zero maze task, we show heightened neural activity in frontostriatal but not frontoamygdalar projection neurons during exploration of the anxiogenic open arms. Additionally, using optogenetics, we demonstrate that this frontostriatal projection preferentially excites postsynaptic D1receptor-expressing neurons in the DMS and causally controls innate avoidance behavior. These results support a model for prefrontal control of defensive behavior in which the dmPFC–amygdala projection controls reflexive fear behavior and the dmPFC–striatum projection controls anxious avoidance behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe medial prefrontal cortex has been extensively linked to several behavioral symptom domains related to anxiety disorders, with much of the work centered around reflexive fear responses. Comparatively little is known at the mechanistic level about anxious avoidance behavior, a core feature across anxiety disorders. Recent work has suggested that the striatum may be an important hub for regulating avoidance behaviors. Our work uses optical circuit dissection techniques to identify a specific corticostriatal circuit involved in encoding and controlling avoidance behavior. Identifying neural circuits for avoidance will enable the development of more targeted symptom-specific treatments for anxiety disorders.
Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery Patients: Role of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Fat-Free Mass
Authors: Januškevičiūtė Elija , Vicka Vaidas , Krauklytė Justina , Vickienė Alvita , Ringaitienė Donata , Šerpytis Mindaugas , Šipylaitė Jūratė 
Published: May 2021

Background: eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) formulas may be inaccurate in overweight cardiac surgery patients, overestimating the kidney reserve. The aim of this study was to modify the eGFR formulas and to determine whether the modified eGFR is a more accurate predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI).Materials and methods: The patients were assigned into 4 BMI groups as follows: normal weight (18.5–25 kg/m2), pre-obesity (25–30 kg/m2), class I obese (30–35 kg/m2), class II and III obese (≥35 kg/m2). Cockcroft–Gault (CG) eGFR formula was modified by using the fat-free mass (FFM) derived from bioelectrical impedance. ROC-AUC curves were analyzed to identify the accuracy of the eGFR formulas (CG, CG modified with FFM, Mayo Clinic Quadratic equation, CKD-EPI, MDRD) to predict the AKI in each group.Results: Although all of the used equations showed similar predictive power in the normal weight and overweight category, Mayo formula had the highest AUC in predicting the occurrence of AKI (ROC-AUC 0.717 and 0.624, p<0.05). However, in the group of patients with class I obesity, only the CG formula modified with a fat-free mass appeared to be predictive of postoperative AKI (ROC-AUC 0.631 p<0.05). None of the equations were accurate in the group of BMI (>35 kg/m2).Conclusions: eGFR is a poor predictor of AKI, especially in the obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The only equation with a moderate predictive power for the class I obese patients was the CG formula modified with the fat-free mass.
Extremely Low Birth Weight and Accelerated Biological Aging
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , McGowan Patrick O. , de Vega Wilfred C. , Savoy Calan D. , Morrison Katherine M. , Saigal Saroj , Mathewson Karen J. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (&lt;1000 g) survivors are exposed to elevated levels of physiologic stress during their lives and may be susceptible to accelerated aging. Using the oldest known longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors, we compared biological aging in this group using an epigenetic clock to a sample of matched normal birth weight (NBW) (&gt;2500 g) control participants.

METHODS:
Buccal cells were collected from 45 ELBW survivors and 49 NBW control participants at 30 to 35 years of age. Epigenetic age was calculated from the weighted average of DNA methylation at 353 cytosine-phosphate-guanine sequence within DNA sites, by using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation EPIC 850k BeadChip array.

RESULTS:
Before and after statistically adjusting for neurosensory impairment and the presence of chronic health conditions, a significant sex by birth weight group interaction was observed in the 353-site epigenetic-clock assay (P = .03), whereby ELBW men had a significantly older epigenetic age than NBW men (4.6 years; P = .01). Women born at ELBW were not found to be epigenetically older than their NBW peers.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study suggest that prenatal exposures may play an important role in aging, and that men born preterm may experience accelerated aging relative to their peers. We further highlight the need to monitor and promote the health of preterm survivors, with a particular focus on healthy aging across the life span.
Meilensteine der journalistischen Karriere von Theodor Herzl vor der Neuen Freien Presse •
Authors: Ujvári Hedvig 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTheodor Herzls Name ist in erster Linie mit dem Zionismus und der Grundlegung dessen, was als Judenstaat bezeichnet wurde, verknüpft. Der gebürtige Ungar, der später in Wien studierte und sesshaft wurde, war allerdings in seiner Jugend weit davon entfernt und hegte noch ganz andere Pläne. Er wünschte sich anstelle einer juristischen Karriere vielmehr eine Laufbahn als erfolgreicher Bühnenautor des Burgtheaters und/oder als Feuilletonist der Neuen Freien Presse. Seine Anstrengungen blieben nicht erfolglos. Während er als Dramatiker eher als gutes Mittelmaß galt, etablierte er sich zuerst als Paris-Korrespondent, letztlich als gefeierter Feuilleton-Autor der angesehensten Zeitung Wiens, der Neuen Freien Presse. Dort anzukommen war aber ein Weg, der fast eine ganze Dekade in Anspruch nahm. Die vorliegende Studie hat sich als Ziel gesetzt, diesen bislang unerforschten, langen und oft nervenzermürbenden Prozess mit all den Versuchen, Ablehnungen, seelischen Tiefen, Hoffnungen und erneuten Anläufen darzustellen.
OUTCOMES OF COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN PRELINGUAL HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN WITH ABNORMAL PREIMPLANTATION IMAGING FINDINGS
Authors: Misron Khairunnisak , Tengku Kamalden Tengku Mohamed Izam 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn pediatric patients who are about to undergo cochlear implantation, preimplantation imaging to assess any abnormality in the inner ear or brain is crucial. The literature has shown that inner ear malformation affects auditory and speech development. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of cochlear implant (CI) in children with abnormal imaging findings.Material and methodsAll children had undergone high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the internal acoustic canal and brain as part of routine preimplantation evaluations. Outcomes of CI were measured using Category of Auditory Performance II (CAP-II) and Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS).ResultsThere were 25 patients who initially underwent unilateral CI, but 2 patients were excluded, leaving 23 patients in the study. There were 4 patients who had inner ear malformations and another 3 presented with brain findings, while the remaining 16 children had normal findings. In both prelingual hearing impaired children with abnormal and normal imaging findings, there were significant improvements in CAP-II score following CI (p = 0.020 and p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, there were statistically significant in MAIS scores in prelingual hearing impaired children with abnormal imaging (p = 0.017) as well as with normal imaging (p = 0.001). However, when comparing the CAP-II and MAIS scores between children with normal and abnormal imaging, there were no significant differences observed (p = 0.624 and p = 0.376, respectively).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that prelingually hearing impaired children with abnormal HRCT and MRI findings gained benefits from CI. Therefore, abnormal imaging findings should not be a limiting factor in CI candidacy.
6 Ay-18 Yaş Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Anemi Etiyolojisi
Authors: SERİNGEÇ AKKEÇECİ Nurten , ACIPAYAM Can , DUYURAN Ömer 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma Suriyeli mülteci çocuklarda anemi prevalansını ve etiyolojisini araştırmak amacıyla planlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, Ocak 2015-Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi (KSÜ) Pediatrik Hematoloji ve Onkoloji polikliniğine başvuran, herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmayan 6 ay-18 yaş arası 266 Suriyeli mülteci çocuk dahil edildi. Hastalar yaşlarına göre
6 ay-59 ay, 5-11 yaş, 12-14 yaş ve 15-18 yaş olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. Dünya sağlık örgütünün bu yaş gruplarında anemiyi tanımlamak ve sınıflandırmak için belirlediği hemoglobin konsantrasyonlarının yaşa özel cut-off değerleri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 266 (89’u kız, 177’si erkek) Suriyeli mülteci çocuğun 111’inde (%41.7) anemi tespit edildi. 6 ay-59 ay yaş grubundaki çocukların 80’ninde (%54.4), 5-11 yaş grubundaki çocukların 22’sinde (%29.3), 12-14 grubundaki çocukların 6’sında (%24.0) ve 15-18 yaş grubundaki çocukların
3’ünde (%15.8) anemi tespit edildi (p
Hemodiyaliz tedavisi alan hastalarda besin alımı ile malnütrisyon inflamasyon skoru arasındaki ilişki
Authors: ALATAŞ Hacer , YILDIRAN Hilal , YALÇIN Ahmet 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemodiyaliz hastalarının besin tüketimlerini inceleyerek, beslenme durumlarının malnütriyon inflamasyon skoru ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 18-65 yaş arası toplam 49 (25 erkek, 24 kadın) hemodiyaliz hastasıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından hastaların vücut kompozisyonları biyoempedans cihazı ile ölçülmüş, malnutrisyon inflamasyon skoru (MİS) anketi uygulanmış, üç günlük besin tüketimleri alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Yaş ortalamaları 47,6±11,39 yıl olan hastaların ortalama MİS skorları 11,3±4,10 olup %85.7’si malnutrisyonludur. Hastaların; 23.1±10.53 kcal/kg/gün enerji, 0,83±0,39 g/kg/gün protein aldıkları saptanmıştır. Erkek hastaların %80’i, kadın hastaların %83,7’si Uluslararası Böbrek Vakfı’na (NKF) göre yetersiz enerji almaktadır. Erkek hastaların %84’ü, kadın hastaların tamamı NKF’ye göre yetersiz protein almaktadır. Hastaların günlük almış oldukları tiamin, riboflavin, niasin, B6 vitamini, folik asit, C vitamini, çinko, demir, kalsiyum miktarı NKF önerilerinin altındadır. Hastaların BKİ ve vücut kompozisyonları arasında ise negatif yönlü anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Hastaların günlük enerji, protein ve bazı besin ögesi alımları hemodiyaliz hastaları için önerilen değerlerden oldukça düşük olması ile dikkat çekicidir. Yüksek MİS skoru yetersiz enerji ve besin ögesi alımıyla gelişen malnutrisyonla ilişkili olabilir.
Sıçanlarda letrozolün indüklediği polikistik over sendromunda fisetinin etkileri
Authors: ÇELİKÇİ Beradiye , UĞAN Rüstem Anıl , TOKTAY Erdem 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sıçanlarda letrozolle oluşturulmuş PKOS (polikistik over sendromu) üzerinde fisetinin antioksidan etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada 36 adet Albino Wistar dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Dişi sıçanlara, PKOS modelini indüklemek için 21 gün boyunca %1 karboksimetil selüloz (2 mL/kg) içinde çözülmüş 1 mg/kg dozunda letrozol oral yolla uygulanmıştır. PKOS oluşturulduktan sonra 7 gün boyunca metformin ve fisetin kendi gruplarına uygulandı. Hayvanların overleri alındı ve biyokimyasal, histolojik incelemeler için uygun koşullarda saklandı.
Bulgular: PKOS grubunda sağlıklı gruba göre glutatyon (GSH) seviyelerinde düşüş, malondialdehit (MDA) seviyelerinde artış görüldü. PKOS+MET+FIS25 (PKOS+20 mg/kg metformin+25 mg/kg fisetin) ve PKOS+MET+FIS50 (PKOS+20 mg/kg metformin+50 mg/kg fisetin) gruplarında doza bağlı olarak GSH seviyelerinin yükseldiği, MDA seviyelerinin düştüğü tespit edildi. Histolojik bulgularda PKOS grubunda kontrol grubuna göre çok sayıda kistik folikül içerdiği görüldü. PKOS+MET+FIS25 ve PKOS+MET+FIS50 gruplarında doza bağlı olarak kistik foliküllerin ve foliküllerin içerdiği apoptotik ve nekrotik hücrelerin azaldığı görüldü.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, fisetin metforminin ortadan kaldıramadığı oksidatif hasarı engelleyerek faydalı etkiler göstermiştir. Fisetin antioksidan aktivite göstererek yeni hücrelerin nekroza gitmesini engellemiş ve korumuştur. Bundan dolayı metformin tedavisine fisetin eklenmesi faydalı olacaktır.
Which hemogram-derived indices might be useful in predicting the clinical outcomes of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit?
Authors: ÇAKIR Esra , ÖZKOÇAK TURAN Işıl 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of our study is to investigate the prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in determining mortality in patients hospitalized for intensive care unit (ICU) sepsis.
Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively evaluates all patients hospitalized with sepsis in our ICU between February 2017 and April 2018. In addition to the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, complete blood count parameters were also recorded. Demographic and clinical characteristics, mainly NLR, MLR and PLR results, and other laboratory results of patients with sepsis were compared between the ones with and without mortality.
Results: Four hundred and eleven patients were included in the study. 55.7% (229/411) of patients with sepsis died and 44.3% (182/411) were discharged alive. NLR, MLR and PLR were higher in the group with mortality compared to the survivor group. The cut-off value for predicting mortality in patients with sepsis was 9.2 for NLR, ≥0.8 for MLR, and ≥187.3 for PLR. The area under the curve (AUC) value for NLR was 0.825, the AUC value for MLR 0.835 and the AUC value for PLR was 0.720.
Conclusion: High NLR, MLR and PLR values are associated with mortality in sepsis patients hospitalized in ICU, and the most significant parameter for mortality indicator among the three rates was found to be MLR with the highest AUC value.
Investigation on Acute Phase Reactants and Oxidant - Antioxidant Parameters in Patients Diagnosed as Having Generalized Tonic Clonic Type Epilepsy on Antiepileptic Monotherapy and Polytherapy
Authors: SARIKAYA Suna , YAŞİN Sedat , ÇALIK Mustafa , YOLDAŞ Tahir 
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between acute-phase reactants and oxidative stress and epilepsy.
Methods: The patient group consisted of 67 patients who applied to the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with generalized type epilepsy according to ILAE classification, 33 were receiving monotherapy and 34 were receiving antiepileptic medication in the form of polytherapy. The control group included 30 healthy volunteer participants with similar sociodemographic characteristics in the same age range, without epilepsy or any known chronic disease. Total anti-Oxidant Status (TAS) and total Oxidant Status (TOS) were measured according to the method developed by Erel, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels were measured.
Results: Both TOS and OSI levels of the patients who received antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.004, the TOS levels of the patients who received antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy were 19.29 ± 1.27, 19.22 ± 1.26, respectively, control group 14.49 ± 1.75, OSI levels of patients receiving antiepileptic monotherapy and polytherapy 1.66 ± 0.12, 1.72 ± 0.11, control group 1.27 ± 0.11), respectively. The Hs-CRP level (0.59 ± 0.06 mg / L, 1.09 ± 0.06 mg / L, respectively) of the patients who received monotherapy and polytherapy was statistically significant compared to the control group (0.42 ± 0.02 mg / L) significantly higher.
Conclusion: In this study, the findings suggest that epileptic seizures increase oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant mechanisms are insufficient to reduce oxidative damage. In addition, considering the high serum Hs-CRP levels, it is extremely important to develop treatment strategies that can control the inflammatory process in treating resistant epilepsy.
RETHINKING THE ROLE OF ANXIETY AND SELF-EFFICACY IN COLLECTIVE SPORTS ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Đurović Dušanka , Popov Stanislava , Sokić Jelena , Grujić Slađana , Aleksić Veljković Aleksandra Z. 
Published: May 2021

The influence of anxiety and self-confidence of an athlete with an emphasis on self-efficacy has been the subject of numerous research in the sport, but their relationship is not fully understood. In our research, we try to explain that competitive anxiety influences sports achievement only through the level of General Self-Efficacy. A lower level of General Self-Efficacy leads to lower sports achievement. In order to explore the relationship between General Self-Efficacy and anxiety on sports achievement, we examined 76 active athletes in collective sports, as well as their trainers. The following instruments were applied: Competitive Sports Anxiety Inventory, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and Questionnaire of sports achievement (ad hoc made instrument). The results show that cognitive anxiety negatively correlates with sports achievement (r = -.38, p≤ .01), as opposed to somatic anxiety that does not show a significant association with achievement. However, the highest relationship is a positive correlation between General Self-Efficacy and sports achievement (r = .51, p≤ .01). In Regression analysis, however, a significant predictor of sports achievement is only General Self-Efficacy (β = .389; p≤ .01) while the significance of cognitive anxiety is lost (β = -178; p = .339). Additional Bootstrapping analyses were conducted to examine the potential mediating effect of General Self-Efficacy in the relationship between competitive anxiety and sports achievement. We found a significant indirect effect of cognitive anxiety on achievement only through General Self-Efficacy (b= -.30, CI /-.73, -.07/), while the direct effect is not significant once the mediator is introduced. In the reversed analyses, with competitive anxiety as a mediator, the mediation was not significant, which means that high anxiety reduces sports achievement only through undermining self-efficacy, and not directly. The obtained result suggests that self-efficacy has the primary role in sports achievement. Consequently, for improving sports achievement, psychological intervention should primarily focus on increasing self-efficacy.
Efektivitas Penggunaan Metode Reciprocal dan Demonstrasi Terhadap Teknik Dasar Shooting Sepakbola
Authors: Hadiana Oman , Hakim Ridwan Luqmanul 
Published: May 2021

Kemampuan teknik dasar shooting sepakbola yang ditunjukkan siswa kurang maksimal, seperti bola tembakan jauh dari sasaran, hasil tembakan mudah ditangkap penjaga gawang, dan bola tidak sampai ke gawang. Oleh karena itu diperlukan adanya solusi dengan mengaplikasikan metode pengajaran yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan metode reciprocal dan demonstrasi terhadap teknik dasar shooting dalam permainan sepakbola. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen desain the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Karamatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 182 orang, sedangkan sampel 60 orang yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelas VIII A sebanyak 30 siswa diberi perlakuan metode resiprokal dan kelas VIII B sebanyak 30 siswa diberi perlakuan metode demonstrasi. Teknik pengambilan sampling yaitu cluster random sampling. Instrumen untuk mengukur keterampilan menembak bola dalam permainan sepakbola menggunakan tes shooting yang dikembangkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan yang sudah valid. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji independent sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode reciprocal dan demonstrasi berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas teknik dasar shooting sepakbola, namun metode demonstrasi memberikan dampak yang lebih signifikan. Penelitian lebih lanjut diharapkan dapat mengkaji dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kontemporer khusus untuk pendidikan jasmani dan olahraga dalam keterampilan bermain sepakbola