bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human WNT5A isoforms display similar patterns of expression but distinct and overlapping activities in normal human osteoblasts
Authors: Bhandari Dristi , Elshaarrawi Ahmed , Katula Karen S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWNT5A activates noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways and has critical functions in early development, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Two major WNT5A protein isoforms, which in this study we term WNT5A‐L(A) and WNT5A‐S(B), have been identified that differ by 18 AA at their amino terminus. Functional differences between the isoforms have been indicated in studies utilizing cancer cell lines but the activities of the isoforms in normal cells and during differentiation have not been explored. We examined the WNT5A isoforms in the normal osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19. WNT5A‐L(A) and WNT5A‐S(B) transcripts increased from Days 3 to 21 of differentiation but WNT5A‐S(B) showed a greater fold‐change. In undifferentiated cells, there are 2‐fold more WNT5A‐L(A) than WNT5A‐S(B) transcripts. Total intracellular WNT5A protein increased up to 3‐fold during differentiation. siRNA knockdown of total WNT5A leads to a decrease in the expression of the differentiation markers, osteocalcin and RUNX2. Conditioned medium containing the isoform proteins [CM‐L(A) and CM‐S(B)] was used to analyze the effects of the isoforms on β‐catenin and noncanonical signaling, proliferation, gene expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Treatment with both CM‐L(A) and CM‐S(B) reduced β‐catenin signaling. CM‐L(A) but not CM‐S(B) significantly increased the proliferation of nondifferentiated hFOB1.19 cells. CM‐L(A) enhanced osteocalcin transcripts over 2‐fold in differentiating cells, whereas CM‐S(B) had no effect. Analysis of differentiating cells up to Day 21 revealed no significant effect of treatment with CM‐L(A) or CM‐S(B) on ALP activity or osteocalcin gene expression. pJNK levels were unaffected in proliferating cells by treatment with neither isoform. pPKC increased slightly in CM‐L(A)‐treated cells at 15 min but by 2 h pPKC levels were less than the control. CM‐S(B) had a more robust effect on pPKC levels that continued up to 2 h. Together these results suggest that the WNT5A isoforms have distinct and overlapping functions in normal osteoblasts.
A feasible approach to improve forecast skill of summer precipitation in northeast China by statistical regression of the northeast China cold vortex in the multimodel ensemble
Authors: Ding Ting , Gao Hui 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHindcasts during 1991–2010 are analysed to investigate the forecast skills for summer precipitation in northeast China (NEC) and circulations in northeast Asia with a leading time of 1‐month in three operational climate models and their equally weighted mean. It is found that the precipitation prediction ability of all the models and their combinations are much low in NEC. However, both the single model and their averages can well reproduce the basic summer circulation characteristics over Northeast Asia, especially the northeast China cold vortex (NECV) that directly affects precipitation in NEC. Observed precipitation is significantly correlated with the forecasted vorticities in each model and their combinations, particularly in the ensemble mean of the models (MME). Furthermore, the interannual variability of the NECV in MME agrees well with the observations. Linear regression between the simulated NECV and the precipitation in NEC is established for each model and their averages. The root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) of precipitation forecast from the regression of NECV are much lower than the direct outputs in above models, while the correlation coefficients (CCs) are much higher. The CC between observation and forecasts by the regression method based on the NECV in MME is the highest (0.5), closest to the value of 0.58 in observation, and the RMSE is the smallest (0.54), decreased by 13% compared with MME direct outputs. The cross‐validation during the 20 years can provide better prediction skills with a CC of 0.37, higher than that for the single‐model outputs, the averages of random two models and the MME. Independent forecasts also provide higher prediction skills than the official forecast of China Meteorological Administration in 4 years during 2013–2018, especially the extreme flood summer of 2013. The results indicate it might be a feasible approach to improve the prediction skill of summer precipitation in NEC.
α‐globulin‐rich rice cultivar, low glutelin content‐1 (LGC‐1), decreases serum cholesterol concentration in exogenously hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: Yuan Xingyu , Minobe Yutaro , Tanaka Yasutake , Fukuda Yumi , Furukawa Yumiko , Miyago Motonori , Mizokami Takuya , Tsai Wei‐Ting , Jiang Zhe , Tong Li‐Tao , Akasaka Taiki , Shirouchi Bungo , Toyosawa Yoshiko , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Sato Masao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice α‐globulin has been reported to have serum cholesterol‐lowering activity in rats. However, it is still unclear whether α‐globulin exerts this effect when taken as one of the dietary components. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two cultivars of rice, low glutelin content (LGC)‐1 and LGC‐Jun, on reducing serum cholesterol in exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats. LGC‐1 is enriched in α‐globulin (10.6 mg g−1 rice flour, which is an approximately 1.5 times higher α‐globulin content than in Koshihikari a predominant rice cultivar in Japan), whereas LGC‐Jun is a globulin‐negative cultivar.METHODSExHC rats, the model strain of diet‐induced hypercholesterolemia, were fed 50% LGC‐1 or LGC‐Jun and 0.5% cholesterol‐containing diets for 2 weeks, followed by measurement of cholesterol metabolism parameters in serum and tissues.RESULTSSerum cholesterol and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the LGC‐1 group compared to the LGC‐Jun group. Cholesterol intestinal absorption markers, hepatic and serum levels of campesterol and β‐sitosterol, and lymphatic cholesterol transport were not different between the two groups. Levels of 7α‐hydroxycholesterol, an intermediate of bile acid synthesis, showed a downward trend in the livers of rats that were fed LGC‐1 (P = 0.098). There was a significant decrease in the hepatic mRNA expression of Cyp7a1 (a synthetic enzyme for 7α‐hydroxycholesterol) in the LGC‐1 group compared to the LGC‐Jun group.CONCLUSIONDietary LGC‐1 significantly decreased serum cholesterol levels in ExHC rats. The possible mechanism for the cholesterol‐lowering activity of LGC‐1 is partial inhibition of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for the differential diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors in salivary glands
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Shiga Kiyoto , Katagiri Katsunori , Oikawa Shin‐ichi , Ikeda Aya , Tsuchida Kodai , Miyaguchi Jun , Kusaka Takahiro , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Takahashi Fumiaki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivePleomorphic adenomas have risks of malignant transformation and post operate recurrence. Therefor it is important that diagnosing pleomorphic adenomas or Warthin tumors before an operation. We evaluated the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid for making differential diagnoses between pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.MethodsCEUS was performed the day before surgery in 39 patients. We compared the time‐intensity curve and capillary density rate of 14 pleomorphic adenomas and 13 Warthin tumors.ResultsPleomorphic adenomas demonstrated a significantly longer time to peak intensity and lower maximum curve gradient of wash‐in than Warthin tumors. The capillary density rate of Warthin tumors tended to be greater than that of pleomorphic adenomas.ConclusionsCEUS and capillary density rate analysis using Sonazoid is helpful for the differential diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors.Level of Evidence3b.
The effect of nitrate on the corrosion behavior of 7075‐T651 aluminum alloy in the acidic NaCl solution
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Li Yizhou , Lei Li , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe effect of nitrate on the corrosion behavior of 7075‐T651 aluminum alloy in an acidic NaCl solution is investigated by electrochemical investigation and morphology characterization. Localized corrosion initiated from intermetallic particles could be observed in the solution with and without NaNO3. The nitrate plays a controversial role in the corrosion of 7075‐T651 aluminum alloy. It could enhance the performance of passive film and reduce the probability of pitting corrosion initiation. However, the pitting corrosion would be promoted by nitrate, once stable pitting corrosion is initiated.
Reactive molecular dynamics study of the oxidation behavior of iron‐based alloy in supercritical water
Authors: Xu Hong , Qi Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA theoretical study of the oxidation behavior of iron‐based alloy in the supercritical water (SCW) has been carried out based on ReaxFF force‐field molecular dynamics simulation. An atomic model has been proposed to simulate the initial chemisorption reactions and atoms diffusion behavior across the oxide layer. Simulation results imply that Cr addition has an important effect on the oxidation behavior of iron‐based alloy. In the initial stage of oxidation, H2O prefers to adsorb on the Cr atom, and some species in the form of Cr(OH)4 are observed on the FeCr alloy surface. Once an initial oxide layer is formed, further oxidation is controlled by the migration of vacancy. The O vacancies are formed at the oxide/FeCr alloy interface and migrate toward the steam, whereas Fe vacancies are formed at the oxide/steam interface and migrate toward the FeCr alloy. Attributed to the stronger binding energy of O–Cr bond than O–Fe bond, the Cr diffusivity in the oxide is less than Fe atoms. Thus, double oxide layers, including the inner Fe–Cr–O layer and outer Fe–O layer, are formed on the FeCr alloy, which is in good agreement with previous experimental observation.
Pressure Response through Valve for Continuous Oil‐Water Separation Based on a Flexible Superhydrophobic/Superoleophilic Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Film
Authors: Zhang Xingshuo , Feng Ruotao , Wang Junhao , Wang Wenqi , Hua Jing , Wang Zhaobo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHighly efficient oil‐water separation shows urgent demand in industrial applications, especially in oil‐spill accidents and organic solvent separation. Herein, a novel method is proposed for continuous oil‐water separation by a pressure response through valve, which is loaded in a flexible convolute superhydrophobic/superoleophilic film based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic LDPE/EPDM TPV film (with contact angles of oil and water are 0° and 161.9°± 2.2°) is prepared only via a molding process where sandpaper is used as the template. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic property of the TPV film shows robust performance in the activity endurance test. More importantly, the flexible LDPE/EPDM TPV film can be easily rolled up and loaded in through valve, which is the pressure response channel in oil‐water separation. The typical separation pressure of oil and water is 3.01 and 6.17 kPa, which means the oil can be completely separated from the oil‐water mixture under proper pressure in the pressure response through valve.
Neurophysiological Correlates of Trait Impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Ricciardi Lucia , Fischer Petra , Mostofi Abteen , Tinkhauser Gerd , Torrecillos Flavie , Baig Fahd , Edwards Mark J. , Pereira Erlick A.C. , Morgante Francesca , Brown Peter 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundImpulsivity is common in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), with many developing impulsive compulsive behavior disorders (ICB). Its pathophysiological basis remains unclear.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate local field potential (LFP) markers of trait impulsivity in PD and their relationship to ICB.MethodsWe recorded subthalamic nucleus (STN) LFPs in 23 PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation implantation. Presence and severity of ICB were assessed by clinical interview and the Questionnaire for Impulsive‐Compulsive Disorders in PD‐Rating Scale (QUIP‐RS), whereas trait impulsivity was estimated with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS‐11). Recordings were obtained during the off dopaminergic states and the power spectrum of the subthalamic activity was analyzed using Fourier transform‐based techniques. Assessment of each electrode contact localization was done to determine the topography of the oscillatory activity recorded.ResultsPatients with (n = 6) and without (n = 17) ICB had similar LFP spectra. A multiple regression model including QUIP‐RS, BIS‐11, and Unified PD Rating Scale‐III scores as regressors showed a significant positive correlation between 8–13 Hz power and BIS‐11 score. The correlation was mainly driven by the motor factor of the BIS‐11, and was irrespective of the presence or absence of active ICB. Electrode contact pairs with the highest α power, which also correlated most strongly with BIS‐11, tended to be more ventral than contact pairs with the highest beta power, which localize to the dorsolateral motor STN.ConclusionsOur data suggest a link between α power and trait impulsivity in PD, irrespective of the presence and severity of ICB. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Physics‐based iterative reconstruction for dual‐source and flying focal spot computed tomography
Authors: Wang Xiao , MacDougall Robert D. , Chen Peng , Bouman Charles A. , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeFor single‐source helical Computed Tomography (CT), both Filtered‐Back Projection (FBP) and statistical iterative reconstruction have been investigated. However, for dual‐source CT with flying focal spot (DS‐FFS CT), a statistical iterative reconstruction that accurately models the scanner geometry and acquisition physics remains unknown to researchers. Therefore, our purpose is to present a novel physics‐based iterative reconstruction method for DS‐FFS CT and assess its image quality.MethodsOur algorithm uses precise physics models to reconstruct from the native cone‐beam geometry and interleaved dual‐source helical trajectory of a DS‐FFS CT. To do so, we construct a noise physics model to represent data acquisition noise and a prior image model to represent image noise and texture. In addition, we design forward system models to compute the locations of deflected focal spots, the dimension, and sensitivity of voxels and detector units, as well as the length of intersection between x‐rays and voxels. The forward system models further represent the coordinated movement between the dual sources by computing their x‐ray coverage gaps and overlaps at an arbitrary helical pitch. With the above models, we reconstruct images by an advanced Consensus Equilibrium (CE) numerical method to compute the maximum a posteriori estimate to a joint optimization problem that simultaneously fits all models.ResultsWe compared our reconstruction with Siemens ADMIRE, which is the clinical standard hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) method for DS‐FFS CT, in terms of spatial resolution, noise profile, and image artifacts through both phantoms and clinical scan datasets. Experiments show that our reconstruction has a higher spatial resolution, with a Task‐Based Modulation Transfer Function (MTFtask) consistently higher than the clinical standard hybrid IR. In addition, our reconstruction shows a reduced magnitude of image undersampling artifacts than the clinical standard.ConclusionsBy modeling a precise geometry and avoiding data rebinning or interpolation, our physics‐based reconstruction achieves a higher spatial resolution and fewer image artifacts with smaller magnitude than the clinical standard hybrid IR.
Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Crassostrea spp. Spat Settlement to Ascertain Allocable Sites for Spat Collection at Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Minhaz Tashrif Mahmud , Sarker Joyshri , Khan Mohammed Nurul Absar , Khatoon Helena , Alim Md Abdul , Khalequzzaman SM , Ahmad Moin Uddin , Rahman Mohammad Redwanur 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Spat settlement (spat density, recruitment, and mortality) of edible oysters Crassostrea spp. was estimated for three sites (Nunia Chara [NC], Chowfoldandy [CD], and Sonadia Island [SI]) located along the Cox’s Bazar coast of Bangladesh from February 2019 to January 2020 by deploying shellstrings. Field observations were made every 15 d to understand the monthly variation of oyster spat settlement more precisely. Environmental variables varied significantly with the study site × month interaction or across study sites and months. Gonadal maturation and spawning of oysters may depend on certain environmental conditions, which were greatly influenced by seasonality, especially the monsoon. Spat density, recruitment, and mortality rates were significantly different with the study site × month interaction. The NC site offered higher spat density and recruitment than CD and SI during most months; spat density was lower due to increased mortality during the monsoon (late May to mid-October) at all sites. Spat density was positively related to salinity, pH, and total suspended solids but negatively related to temperature and high- and low-tide water depths. Recruitment was positively related to salinity and negatively related to low-tide water depth. Spat mortality was positively related to high-tide water depth but negatively related to low-tide water depth. Eight different groups of fouling organisms were observed during the study, which could affect spat settlement. Most interestingly, oyster drills at NC and SI and marine macrophytes and bushlike organisms at CD and SI could contribute to increased mortality during the monsoon. This study showed that none of the three sites would be potential locations for spat collection on shellstrings during the monsoon; however, if avoiding the monsoon, NC has a higher potentiality of allocation for spat collection both for commercial farming and oyster restoration efforts.
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Shuang , Jiang Ting , Xiao Lin , Yang Shanfei , Liu Qing , Gao Yuanhong , Chen Gong , Xiao Weiwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a novel approach for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), which attempts to deliver both systemic chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery. However, its efficacy and safety remain controversial in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted this meta-analysis to assess such concerns.

Materials and Methods
Head-to-head phase II/III RCTs were searched in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, as well as other sources. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and the R0 resection rate.

Results
Eight phase II/III RCTs involving 2,196 patients with LARC were assessed. The primary analysis demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the pCR rate for TNT treatment (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–2.45; p = .0005). TNT treatment also showed improvements in DFS and OS outcomes compared with standard chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.96; p = .03 and HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74–1.05; p = .15). In addition, TNT treatment showed significant efficacy in reducing the risk of distant metastasis (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95; p = .012).

Conclusion
The overall pCR rate may be improved with TNT compared with standard treatment. The TNT strategy may also improve DFS and OS and reduce the risk of distant metastasis.

Implications for Practice
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is a relatively common disease, with a poor prognosis because of its high metastatic potential. The role of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has always been controversial. This meta-analysis found that TNT in LARC is associated with a significant improvement in overall pathologic complete response rate, disease-free survival, overall survival, and distant metastasis-free survival compared with standard treatment. TNT is a promising strategy for LARC, especially for patients who have little desire for surgery.
Review of electrospun hydrogel nanofiber system: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Ghosh Tanushree , Das Trisha , Purwar Roli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHydrogel‐based nanofibers or vice versa are a relatively new class of nanomaterials, in which hydrogels are structured in nanofibrous form. Structure and size of the material directly governs its functionality, therefore, in hydrogel science, the nanofibrous form of hydrogels enables its usage in targeted applications. Hydrogel nanofiber system combines the desirable properties of both hydrogel and nanofiber like flexibility, soft consistency, elasticity, and biocompatibility due to high water content, large surface area to volume ratio, low density, small pore size and interconnected pores, high stiffness, tensile strength, and surface functionality. Swelling behavior is a critical property of hydrogels that is significantly increased in hydrogel nanofibers due to their small size. Electrospinning is the most popular method to fabricate “hydrogel nanofibers,” while other processes like self‐assembly, solution blowing and template synthesis also exist. Merging the characteristics of both hydrogels and nanofibers in one system allows applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, actuation, wound dressing, photoluminescence, light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), waterproof breathable membranes, and enzymatic immobilization. Treatment of wastewater, detection, and adsorption of metal ions are also emerging applications. In this review paper, we intend to summarize in detail about electrospun “hydrogel nanofiber” in relation to its synthesis, properties, and applications.
Cover Image, Volume 70, Issue 6
Authors: Strutton Jared W , Knott Matthew , Bencomo Jose A , Iacono Scott T , Mates Joseph E , Alston Jeffrey R , McCollum Jena M 
Published: May 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Article Manipulating polymer decomposition to alter burn performance in aluminium/poly(vinylidene fluoride) filaments by Jared W. Strutton et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.6129.
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