bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of community-based health insurance on utilisation of preventive health services in rural Uganda: a propensity score matching approach
Authors: Nshakira-Rukundo Emmanuel , Mussa Essa Chanie , Nshakira Nathan , Gerber Nicolas , von Braun Joachim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe effect of voluntary health insurance on preventive health has received limited research attention in developing countries, even when they suffer immensely from easily preventable illnesses. This paper surveys households in rural south-western Uganda, which are geographically serviced by a voluntary Community-based health insurance scheme, and applied propensity score matching to assess the effect of enrolment on using mosquito nets and deworming under-five children. We find that enrolment in the scheme increased the probability of using a mosquito net by 26% and deworming by 18%. We postulate that these findings are partly mediated by information diffusion and social networks, financial protection, which gives households the capacity to save and use service more, especially curative services that are delivered alongside preventive services. This paper provides more insight into the broader effects of health insurance in developing countries, beyond financial protection and utilisation of hospital-based services.
Evaluation of a Brief Online Self-help Program for Concerned Gamblers
Authors: Wall Håkan , Magnusson Kristoffer , Berman Anne H. , Bewick Bridgette M. , Hellner Clara , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Rosendahl Ingvar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and module content of a brief online self-help program for concerned gamblers, i.e., gamblers who perceived a need to change their gambling habits, in the context of a gambling helpline. The program consisted of four modules based on Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), covering motivation to change, logging gambling behaviors, planning and implementing gambling-free activities, and managing risk situations. Gambling expenditures were also logged in the program, and their development over time were analyzed as longitudinal data using marginalized two-part models. Out of 4655 gamblers recruited via the helpline’s webpage, 92% completed content in at least one module, and 23% were active in all four modules. Attrition was in general high, with only 10% retention in the gambling log for longer than 14 days. Gambling expenditures decreased for those who logged them for a shorter time period, whereas it increased for those who logged expenditures for a longer time period. This study shows that it is relatively easy to recruit participants to an online program for concerned gamblers in the context of a gambling helpline. However, since few users logged in to the program more than once, we suggest future online programs to have open modules with all content accessible at once.
The Science Policy Script, Revised
Authors: Hofmänner Alexandra , Macamo Elisio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper considers the notion of Science Policy from a postcolonial perspective. It examines the theoretical implications of the recent trend to include emerging and developing countries in international Science Policies by way of the case study of Switzerland. This country’s new international science policy instruments and measures have challenged the classical distinction between international scientific cooperation and development cooperation, with consequences on standards and evaluation criteria. The analysis reveals that the underlying assumptions of the concept of Science Policy perpetuate traditional asymmetries in the global political economy of science. The paper suggests that the present legacy of Science Policy institutions and practices needs to be transformed to reflect an increasingly diverse spectrum of scientific purposes and traditions. It offers a revised set of foundational assumptions on Science Policy and, more broadly, proposes a fresh point of entry for the field of Science & Technology Studies (STS) to contribute to the Science Policy discourse.
Evolution of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: The Effects of the “Third” on the Interplay Between Cooperation and Competition
Authors: Volf Darina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates the evolution of the first manned international space mission – a rendezvous and docking between a US and a Soviet spacecraft in 1975 known as the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). The aim is to reconsider the rationales behind the ASTP from both a conceptual and an empirical perspective in order to get a better understanding of the evolution of international cooperation in the highly competitive and strategic field of space technology. Based on archival sources from Moscow, it sheds some light on those factors that led to a change in the previous reluctance of Soviets to cooperate with the US in the manned spaceflight. From the theoretical point of view, it argues that the ASTP was as much a tool of competition as one of cooperation and resulted from an interplay between cooperative and competitive logics. To explain the turn towards cooperative practices, the article looks at the complex constellation of competitive relations that existed within the national and international context of space exploration and changed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The decisive role in those changes was played by factors that can be subsumed under the notion of the so-called “third.”
A combined structural and seasonal approach to assess wildfire susceptibility and hazard in summertime
Authors: Bergonse Rafaello , Oliveira Sandra , Gonçalves Ana , Nunes Sílvia , da Câmara Carlos , Zêzere José Luis 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWildfire susceptibility and hazard models based on drivers that change only on a multiyear timescale are considered of a structural nature. They ignore specific short-term conditions in any year and period within the year, especially summer, when most wildfire damage occurs in southern Europe. We investigate whether the predictive capacity of structural wildfire susceptibility and hazard models can be improved by integrating a seasonal dimension, expressed by three variables with yearly to seasonal timescales: (1) a meteorological index rating fuel flammability at the onset of summer; (2) the scarcity of fuel associated with the burned areas of the previous year, and (3) the excessive abundance of fuel in especially fire-prone areas that have not been burned in the previous ten years. We describe a new methodology for combining the structural maps with the seasonal variables, producing year-specific seasonal susceptibility and hazard maps. We then compare the structural and seasonal maps as to their capacity to predict burnt areas during the summer period in a set of eight independent years. The seasonal maps revealed a higher predictive capacity in 75% of the validation period, both for susceptibility and hazard, when only the highest class was considered. This percentage was reduced to 50% when the two highest classes were considered together. In some years, structural factors and other unconsidered variables probably exert a strong influence over the spatial pattern of wildfire incidence. These findings can complement existing structural data and improve the mapping tools used to define wildfire prevention and mitigation actions.
Participation in online activities while travelling: an application of the MDCEV model in the context of rail travel
Authors: Calastri Chiara , Pawlak Jacek , Batley Richard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTravel-based multitasking, i.e. using travel time to conduct enjoyable and/or productive activities, is the subject of an increasing number of theoretical and empirical studies. Most existing studies focus on modelling the choice of which activities people conduct while travelling, and a limited number of papers also focuses on their duration. The novelty of this study with respect to this literature is two-fold. Firstly, we specifically study the engagement in different online activities while travelling, and apply the state-of-the-art Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model to jointly model the choice and duration of multiple activities. We apply this model to data collected face-to-face from train passengers in the UK. We find that activity choice and duration is explained by both passenger and trip characteristics, especially trip purpose, ticket type and day/time of the trip. Secondly, we show how such modelling can assist in investment appraisal, in particular by providing insights into lower- and upper- bound estimates of the proportion of the entire travel time spent working, itself of importance in, for example, valuation of business travel time using the so-called Hensher Equation. We present a detailed discussion of how the findings from our work contribute to the broader discourse around the nature of travel time and its valuation.
Culturally Immersed Legal Terminology on the Example of Forest Regulations in Poland, The United Kingdom, The United States of America and Germany
Authors: Trzaskawka Paula , Kic-Drgas Joanna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe importance of forests is reflected in the national forest legislation which has been developed and implemented in European countries over recent years. Due to regional and national specificities, forest regulations include culturally immersed terms specific to the described area. The aim of this paper is to analyses the culturally driven legal terms existing in specific legal regulations concerning forestry in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and Poland, and identify possible ways of translating them. In order to take the interdisciplinary nature of the issue into account, the degree of hybridity of the selected texts will be examined by means of corpus analysis. The methodology applied in the paper uses a comparative approach. Additionally, the authors also resort to the aforementioned corpus analysis, as well as the analysis of comparable texts and the analysis of terminology according to the three categories of equivalence as determined by Šarčević (New Approach to Legal translation, Kluwer Law International, Hague, 1997), and the techniques of providing equivalents for non-equivalent or partially equivalent terms (Matulewska A, in: Lingua Legis in Translation, Peter Lang Publishing House, 2007) as research methods. The material used for analysis comes from selected German, English and Polish legal acts regulating forest management and maintenance that are considered as corpora for the selection of culturally immersed terminology, namely: (i) the Polish Act on Forests of 28th September 1991 [Ustawa z dnia 28 września 1991 r. o lasach], (ii) Title 16 U.S. Code Chapter 2—National Forests, (iii) Forestry Act 1967, Chapter 10 (the United Kingdom), (iv) German Forestry Act 1975 [Gesetz zur Erhaltung des Waldes und zur Förderung der Forstwirtschaft (Bundeswaldgesetz) von 1975]. The paper concerns potential problems that could occur in the translation of culturally immersed legal terminology due to the terms’ rigidity and high degree of specificity. The studies presented will allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the possibilities and strategies for translating culturally immersed terms. In addition, the availability of terminological dictionaries for these language pairs will be discussed.
Tree-structured scale effects in binary and ordinal regression
Authors: Tutz Gerhard , Berger Moritz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn binary and ordinal regression one can distinguish between a location component and a scaling component. While the former determines the location within the range of the response categories, the scaling indicates variance heterogeneity. In particular since it has been demonstrated that misleading effects can occur if one ignores the presence of a scaling component, it is important to account for potential scaling effects in the regression model, which is not possible in available recursive partitioning methods. The proposed recursive partitioning method yields two trees: one for the location and one for the scaling. They show in a simple interpretable way how variables interact to determine the binary or ordinal response. The developed algorithm controls for the global significance level and automatically selects the variables that have an impact on the response. The modeling approach is illustrated by several real-world applications.
Can Infinitists Handle the Finite Mind Objection and the Distinction Objection?
Authors: Zhao Bin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper examines two objections to the infinitist theory of epistemic justification, namely “the finite mind objection” and “the distinction objection.” It criticizes Peter Klein’s response to the distinction objection and offers a more plausible response. It is then argued that this response is incompatible with Klein’s response to the finite mind objection. Infinitists, it would seem, cannot handle both objections when taken together.
Ein Instrument zur Messung von Lerntransferbedingungen im Kontext der hochschuldidaktischen Weiterbildung
Authors: Beuße Mareike , Hartz Stefanie 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDie hochschuldidaktische Qualifizierung von Lehrenden hat insbesondere mit dem Bund-Länder-Programm Qualitätspakt Lehre und den in diesem Kontext entstandenen Angeboten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zum Transfer des in den Qualifizierungen Gelernten in den Lehralltag und seinen Bedingungen liegen jedoch nur wenige Befunde vor. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt ein im Anschluss an den Diskurs der Lerntransferforschung entwickeltes und auf den deutschsprachigen, hochschuldidaktischen Bereich zugeschnittenes Instrument zur Erfassung von Lerntransferbedingungen vor, das die Dimensionen Transfermotivation, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, persönliche Transferkapazitäten, Trainingsdesign, Lehrbedingungen, Möglichkeit zur Anwendung, positive Folgen, Unterstützung durch Kollegen, Unterstützung durch Vorgesetzten, Transferklima und Unterstützung durch Studierende erfasst. Die auf konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen basierenden Auswertungen geben Hinweise auf die Konstruktvalidität des Instruments, das sowohl zur Evaluation des Lerntransfers und seinen Bedingungen im Kontext hochschuldidaktischer Weiterbildungen als auch zur Weiterentwicklung des diesbezüglichen Forschungsstandes geeignet ist.
A Comparative Study on Modified Johnson–Cook and Arrhenius-Type Constitutive Models to Predict the Hot Deformation Behaviour of Molybdenum-Hafnium-Carbide Alloy
Authors: Safari Athar , Imran Muhammad , Weiss Sabine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMolybdenum alloys are commonly used as tool material for high-temperature deformation processes like forming or forging. For these types of application, the material has to withstand static load at elevated temperatures. To investigate the high-temperature performance of the material, uniaxial hot tensile tests were performed on a Mo-1.2% Hf-0.1% C alloy (MHC) over the temperature range of 1173-1473 K with intervals of 100 K and strain rates of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 s−1 up to the fracture of the specimen. The flow stress decreases with increase in temperature and the reduction in strain rate. This behaviour could be related to the increasing rate of restoration mechanisms, i.e. dynamic recrystallization or recovery as well as to the decrease in the strain hardening rate. Microstructure of the two most critical hot deformation conditions were shown and compared. Based on modified Johnson–Cook and strain-compensated Arrhenius-type models, constitutive equations were established to predict the high-temperature flow stress of the respective MHC alloy. The accuracy of both models was evaluated by comparing the predicted stress values and the values obtained from experiments. Correlation coefficient, average absolute relative error, the number of material constants involved and the computational time required for evaluating the constants were calculated to quantify and compare the precision of both models. The flow stress values predicted by the constitutive equations are in good agreement with the experimental results. At lower strain rates (0.001 and 0.01 s−1), distinct deviation from the experimental results can be observed for the modified Johnson–Cook model. Despite the longer evaluation time and the larger number of material constants, the deformation behaviour, tracked by the Arrhenius-type model is more accurate throughout the entire deformation process.
Predictors of complications occurring after open and robot-assisted prostate cancer surgery: a retrospective evaluation of 1062 consecutive patients treated in a tertiary referral high volume center
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Tafuri Alessandro , Rizzetto Riccardo , Amigoni Nelia , Sebben Marco , Shakir Aliasger , Odorizzi Katia , Gozzo Alessandra , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Ornaghi Paola Irene , Antoniolli Stefano Zecchini , Lacola Vincenzo , Brunelli Matteo , Migliorini Filippo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Siracusano Salvatore , Artibani Walter , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTo investigate factors associated with the risk of major complications after radical prostatectomy (RP) by the open (ORP) or robot-assisted (RARP) approach for prostate cancer (PCa) in a tertiary referral center. 1062 consecutive patients submitted to RP were prospectively collected. The following outcomes were addressed: (1) overall postoperative complications: subjects with Clavien-Dindo System (CD) one through five versus cases without any complication; (2) moderate to major postoperative complications: cases with CD < 2 vs.  ≥ 2, and 3) major post-operative complications: subjects with CDS CD ≥  3 vs.  < 3. The association of pre-operative and intra-operative factors with the risk of postoperative complications was assessed by the logistic regression model. Overall, complications occurred in 310 out of 1062 subjects (29.2%). Major complications occurred in 58 cases (5.5%). On multivariate analysis, major complications were predicted by PCa surgery and intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL). ORP compared to RARP increased the risk of major CD complications from 2.8 to 19.3% (OR = 8283; p < 0.0001). Performing ePLND increased the risk of major complications from 2.4 to 7.4% (OR = 3090; p < 0.0001). Assessing intraoperative blood loss, the risk of major postoperative complications was increased by BL above the third quartile when compared to subjects with intraoperative blood loss up to the third quartile (10.2% vs. 4.6%; OR = 2239; 95%CI: 1233–4064). In the present cohort, radical prostatectomy showed major postoperative complications that were independently predicted by the open approach, extended lymph-node dissection, and excessive intraoperative blood loss.
Idiopathic Anaphylaxis: a Perplexing Diagnostic Challenge for Allergists
Authors: Gulen Theo , Akin Cem 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this systematic review is to present the proposed theories of pathogenesis for idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), to discuss its classification, its diagnostic approach, and management.

Recent Findings
IA represents a major diagnostic challenge and is diagnosed when excluding the possible identifiable triggers of anaphylaxis. The current research, however, revealed that certain conditions including mastocytosis, mast cell activation syndromes, and hereditary alpha tryptasemia can masquerade and overlap with its symptomatology. Also, newly identified galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose mammalian red meat allergy has recently been recognized as underlying cause of anaphylaxis in some cases that were previously considered as IA.

Summary
IA comprises a heterogenous group of conditions where, in some cases, inherently dysfunctional mast cells play a role in pathogenesis. The standard trigger avoidance strategies are ineffective, and episodes are unpredictable. Therefore, prompt recognition and treatment as well as prophylaxis are critical. The patients should always carry an epinephrine autoinjector.
Identity Threat and Coping Among British South Asian Gay Men During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Jaspal Rusi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on identity, relationships and psychological wellbeing among British South Asian gay men (BSAGM). Interview data from 15 BSAGM were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis and identity process theory. The analysis yielded the following three themes: (1) Fear of involuntary disclosure of gay identity; (2) Anxiety about relationships; and (3) Coping and casual sexual encounters. BSAGM who returned to the family home during the lockdown reported fear of involuntary disclosure of their sexual identity, exposure to stigma in relation to their sexuality, and anxiety about their relationships with significant others. In order to cope with the resultant threats to identity, some individuals concealed their sexual identity, which could undermine their sense of identity authenticity, and some reported engaging in casual sexual encounters as a means of coping with identity threat. BSAGM may be at high risk of identity threat during the COVID-19 outbreak with limited access to social and psychological support in relation to their sexuality. This in turn may lead to a reliance on ineffective coping strategies, such as sexual risk-taking.
Kwaliteitsregistratie prostaatcarcinoom: ziekenhuisregistratie versus Nederlandse Kankerregistratie
Authors: Heesterman Berdine L. , Olthof Ellen M. G. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Moorselaar R. Jeroen A. , Aben Katja K. H. 
Published: February 2021

SamenvattingGoede kwaliteitsregistraties zijn cruciaal, omdat zij inzicht verschaffen in de kwaliteit van geleverde zorg en mogelijke verbeterpunten. De NVU is in 2008 gestart met de kwaliteitsregistratie prostaatcarcinoom waarin data zijn vastgelegd door zorgprofessionals. Sinds 1989 bestaat ook de landelijk dekkende Nederlandse Kankerregistratie (NKR) waarin data over prostaatkanker worden vastgelegd door datamanagers van Integraal Kankercentrum Nederland (IKNL), die hiertoe medische dossiers raadplegen. In 2015 is IKNL samen met de NVU en andere wetenschappelijke verenigingen gestart met ProZIB, ‘ProstaatkankerZorg In Beeld’. Op basis van ProZIB-resultaten is de NKR-Prostaatkankerset uitgebreid en daarmee geschikt geworden voor continue kwaliteitsmonitoring. Als onderdeel van ProZIB is de NVU-Kwaliteitsregistratie Prostaatcarcinoom vergeleken met de NKR wat betreft compleetheid en inhoud. De NKR bleek completer wat betreft het aantal radicale prostatectomieën (94% versus 62–85%). Inhoudelijk kwamen de registraties grotendeels overeen. Voordelen van een kwaliteitsregistratie in de NKR zijn: onafhankelijkheid, uniformiteit en verminderde registratielast voor de zorgprofessional bij gelijkblijvende inhoudelijke kwaliteit.
Effect of mass transfer channels on flexural strength of C/SiC composites fabricated by femtosecond laser assisted CVI method with optimized laser power
Authors: Wang Jing , Cao Liyang , Zhang Yunhai , Liu Yongsheng , Fang Hui , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this study, femtosecond laser assisted-chemical vapor infiltration (LA-CVI) was employed to produce C/SiC composites with 1, 3, and 5 rows of mass transfer channels. The effect of laser machining power on the quality of produced holes was investigated. The results showed that the increase in power yielded complete hole structures. The as-obtained C/SiC composites with different mass transfer channels displayed higher densification degrees with flexural strengths reaching 546 ± 15 MPa for row mass transfer channel of 3. The strengthening mechanism of the composites was linked to the increase in densification and formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. Multiphysics finite element simulations of the dense band and density gradient of LA-CVI C/SiC composites revealed C/SiC composites with improved densification and lower porosity due to the formation of “dense band” during LA-CVI process. In sum, LA-CVI method is promising for future preparation of ceramic matrix composites with high densities.