bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global review of life history studies on burrowing crayfish
Authors: Bloomer Caitlin C. , DiStefano Robert J. , Taylor Christopher A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Burrowing crayfishes have historically lacked life history data due to their elusive nature and difficultly extracting them from burrows. This review provides a synopsis of current literature on burrowing crayfishes’ life histories and a quantitative analysis of published life history content. Only 69 publications covering 94 burrowing species (approx. 39%) met our criteria for a life history study. Many species had only partial life histories documented and two genera (Engaewa and Tenuibranchiurus) had no life history studies available. Size and reproductive season were the most recorded traits across studies while others such as mortality and age/size at molting events were rarely recorded. Reproductive investment, an important predictor of imperilment, was lacking in 87% of burrowing species. Our review emphasizes the need to include life history data with new species descriptions and conduct basic life history studies to effectively assess data-deficient species and protect the future of our threatened burrowing crayfishes.
The Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Is a Poor Diagnostic Tool for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yim Michael T. , Orlandi Richard R. , Oakley Gretchen M. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: March 2021

Background: The SNOT-22 is a validated and widely used outcomes tool in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We hypothesized that SNOT-22 scores and response patterns could be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between patients with CRS and those who present with CRS-like symptoms but prove not to have CRS. Methodology/Principal: SNOT-22 measurements were collected from 311 patients who presented with a chief complaint of sinusitis to a tertiary rhinology practice. Following a full diagnostic evaluation, patients were diagnosed with CRS or determined to have non-CRS diagnoses. A response pattern “heatmap” of the SNOT-22 scores for each group was compared. An optimal cutoff point for total SNOT-22 score in predicting CRS was sought using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 109 patients were diagnosed with CRS and 202 patients were assigned to non-CRS. The non-CRS SNOT-22 total score histogram had lower overall scores compared to the CRS group, although there was substantial overlap. The CRS SNOT-22 heatmaps had a distinctive pattern compared to the non-CRS group. As individual measures, 3 of the 4 cardinal symptoms of CRS (nasal congestion, loss of smell, and rhinorrhea) were found to be significantly different between the 2 groups ( P < .002). However, the ROC analysis showed the total SNOT-22 score to be a poor instrument to differentiate CRS from non-CRS patients. Conclusions: Our results cause us to reject our hypothesis and conclude that, while an effective outcomes tool, the SNOT-22 (using total score and response pattern) is a poor differentiator between CRS and non-CRS patients.
Research on intelligent clustering of male upper body
Authors: Cheng Pengpeng , Zeng Xianyi , Bruniaux Pascal , Wang Jianping , Chen Daoling 
Published: March 2021

To study the upper body characteristics of young men, the body circumference, length, width, thickness, and angle of young men aged 18–25 and 26–35 years were collected to comprehensively characterize the concave and convex features of the front, back, and side of the human body. The Cuckoo Search-Density Peak intelligent algorithm was used to extract the feature factors of the upper body of men, and to cluster them. To verify the effectiveness of the intelligent algorithm, the clustering results of Cuckoo Search-Density Peak, Density Peak, Particle Swarm Optimization-Density Peak algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization-Density Peak algorithm, Genetic Algorithm-Density Peak algorithm, and Artificial Bee Colony-Density Peak algorithm were evaluated by Silouette and F-measures, respectively. The results show that the Cuckoo Search-Density Peak algorithm has the best clustering results and is superior to other algorithms. There are some differences in somatotype characteristics and somatotype indexes between young men aged 18–25 and 26–35 years.
Teaching Students to Learn Better in Introductory Psychology: A Replication and Extension Study
Authors: Brown-Kramer Carolyn R. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Psychology courses provide a good opportunity for instructors to teach students effective learning strategies integrated with content. Objective: This replication and extension study explored changes in students’ self-reported use of learning strategies before and after a term paper assignment and examined the relationships between learning strategy use and academic performance. Method: Three hundred eighty-five introductory psychology students completed surveys on their use of 11 learning strategies at the beginning and end of the semester, read an empirical article and wrote a term paper about the learning strategy of practice testing, and completed four exams among other assessments. Results: Replicating prior work, students generally reported improvements in their use of learning strategies over the course of the semester, though improvements were largely attributable to grade point average (GPA). Two learning strategies—self-explanation and practice testing—were positively correlated with course performance in the second half of the semester, over and above the effects associated with GPA. Conclusion: Teaching students about beneficial learning strategies may increase their adoption of those strategies as well as their course performance, replicating prior research. Teaching Implications: In order to improve course performance, instructors may consider adapting assignments in ways that increase students’ knowledge and use of effective learning strategies.
Surgical approaches in juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms repair
Authors: Charchyan Eduard R , Stepanenko Anna B , Gens Andrey P , Galeev Nail A , Belov Yuri V 
Published: March 2021

Background In this study, surgical tactic features and juxtarenal and pararenal treatment immediate results were analyzed depending on the use of various surgical approaches. Methods Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 89 patients received surgical treatment, of which 52(58%) had juxtarenal aneurysms and 37 (42%) – pararenal aneurysms. During repairs, three types of surgical approaches were used: midline laparotomy, extended retroperitoneal approach and thoraco-phreno-retroperitoneal approach. The patients were divided into three groups accordingly. Results At the immediate postoperative period, mortality rate equaled 2 (2.2%). The reasons were pulmonary embolism and sepsis. Statistically reliable data were obtained, confirming the advantages of midline laparotomic approach over the lateral retroperitoneal ones, which consisted in a shorter operative time, less pronounced pain syndrome, lesser blood loss, fewer postoperative days. The disadvantages were that enteroparesis occurred more often when the midline laparotomy was used in comparison to extended retroperitoneal or thoraco-phrenoretroperitoneal approaches. Conclusion Thus, open repairs of juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms have some specific technical and strategical features which are associated with intraoperative renal ischemia. During open surgical intervention, it is important to first consider the possibility of repair with midline laparotomy. However, lateral retroperitoneal approaches can also be used on a case-by-case basis noting their advantages and disadvantages.
3-Year Follow-up of Lower Risk Cannabis Use Patterns: Evidence from a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Chen Tongtong , Hassan Ahmed N. , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Following recommendations from the Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines, we evaluated how lower risk cannabis use (late initiation and low use frequency) was associated with the risk of developing cannabis abuse/dependence over a 3-year follow-up period compared to 12-month abstinence (controls) or higher risk cannabis use (early initiation and higher use frequency). We also explored the effect of cannabis quantity. Methods: Data were obtained from the U.S. nationally representative survey, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions wave I (2001 to 2002) and wave II (2004 to 2005), which included 31,464 respondents with no lifetime history of cannabis abuse/dependence at the first interview. We applied multiple logistic regression and propensity score matching analyses to examine the association between different use patterns at wave I and cannabis abuse/dependence at wave II, adjusting for covariates. Lower risk cannabis use and the transition to higher use frequency were also assessed. Results: For propensity score analysis, lower risk cannabis use at wave I was associated with higher risk of cannabis use/dependence at wave II compared to controls (odds ratio [ OR]: 4.27; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.57 to 11.61); however, there was no association with use frequency increase ( OR: 2.52; 95% CI, 0.88 to 7.17). Higher risk use had a greater risk of cannabis use/dependence than controls ( OR: 6.27; 95% CI, 2.56 to 15.38) and lower risk use ( OR: 2.69; 95% CI, 1.12 to 6.47). Logistic regression analyses showed similar results, except that lower risk use was significantly associated with use frequency increase ( OR: 2.49; 95% CI, 1.22 to 5.08). For the lower risk use group, 1 to 3 joints/day of use was significantly associated with cannabis abuse/dependence. Conclusions: We found that following recommended use patterns can significantly lower one’s risk of cannabis abuse/dependence. However, risk of cannabis abuse/dependence is still 4 times higher than staying abstinent. Updated recommendations on safe cannabis exposure levels are needed to guide cannabis use in the general population after cannabis legalization.
Validation of a Brief Screen to Identify Persons With Dementia at Risk for Behavioral Problems
Authors: Evans Tracy L. , Kunik Mark E. , Snow A. Lynn , Shrestha Srijana , Richey Sheila , Ramsey David J. , Yusuf Zenab I. , Amspoker Amber B. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Clinical assessment of persons with dementia should include potential causes of behavioral problems, including pain, depression, and caregiver–patient relationship quality. Many validated assessment tools are available; however, a brief screening tool is needed, as administering a battery of instruments is impractical in most clinical settings. We evaluated (a) the construct validity of brief screens for pain, depression, and relationship strain by examining their associations with validated measures and medication use and (b) the predictive validity of each screen and the screens as a set by examining their associations with frequency of disruptive behaviors. Methods: Patient–caregiver dyads ( n = 228) in Aggression Prevention Training for Caregivers were examined. Results: There was evidence of good construct validity for each screen. The relationship screen and total number of screens endorsed were significantly associated with frequency of disruptive behaviors. Conclusion: The brief screens show potential for use in clinical practice.
Function of Nasoalveolar Molding Devices in Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate: A 3-Dimensional Maxillary Arch Analysis
Authors: Tankittiwat Pawinee , Pisek Araya , Manosudprasit Montien , Punyavong Pattama , Manosudprasit Amornrut , Phaoseree Natthawee , Wangsrimongkol Buddhathida , Pisek Poonsak , Manosudprasit Aggasit 
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to observe and analyze the effects of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) on maxillary arch dimensions in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) using 3-dimensional analyses. Design: Retrospective case series. Materials and Methods: Seventeen infants were treated using modified Khon Kaen University presurgical nasoalveolar molding devices (KKU-NAM). Dental casts were evaluated 3 dimensionally at 3 time points: pretreatment (T1), after using modified KKU-NAM for 2 weeks (T2), and before cheiloplasty (T3). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Friedman test were used to compare the maxillary arch dimensions between time points. Results: Both sides of the cleft width, premaxilla deviation, and premaxilla protrusion had significantly reduced with the use of KKU-NAM. Premaxillary rotation had significantly improved, whereas the arch depth did not change significantly. Premaxilla width, posterior arch width, alveolar length, and height had significantly increased. The anterior arch width, intercanine width, and lateral sulcus width showed no significant changes. The intraclass correlation coefficient used to test the measurements indicated substantial reliability. Conclusion: The modified KKU-NAM is an effective device for reducing the severity of bilateral cleft deformities, especially in the premaxilla area.
Factors Influencing Creatine Kinase Response in Youth National Team Soccer Players
Authors: Schuth Gabor , Szigeti Gyorgy , Dobreff Gergely , Revisnyei Peter , Pasic Alija , Toka Laszlo , Gabbett Tim , Pavlik Gabor 
Published: March 2021

Background: Previous studies have examined the relationship between external training load and creatine kinase (CK) response after soccer matches in adults. This study aimed to build training- and match-specific CK prediction models for elite youth national team soccer players. Hypothesis: Training and match load will have different effects on the CK response of elite youth soccer players, and there will be position-specific differences in the most influential external and internal load parameters on the CK response. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Forty-one U16-U17 youth national team soccer players were measured over an 18-month period. Training and match load were monitored with global positioning system devices. Individual CK values were measured from whole blood every morning in training camps. The dataset consisted of 1563 data points. Clustered prediction models were used to examine the relationship between external/internal load and consecutive CK changes. Clusters were built based on the playing position and activity type. The performance of the linear regression models was described by the R2 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE, U/L for CK values). Results: The prediction models fitted similarly during games and training sessions ( R2 = 0.38-0.88 vs 0.6-0.77), but there were large differences based on playing positions. In contrast, the accuracy of the models was better during training sessions (RMSE = 81-135 vs 79-209 U/L). Position-specific differences were also found in the external and internal load parameters, which best explained the CK changes. Conclusion: The relationship between external/internal load parameters and CK changes are position specific and might depend on the type of session (training or match). Morning CK values also contributed to the next day’s CK values. Clinical Relevance: The relationship between position-specific external/internal load and CK changes can be used to individualize postmatch recovery strategies and weekly training periodization with a view to optimize match performance.
Radiological Assessment of Postoperative Paraspinal Muscle Changes After Lumbar Interbody Fusion With or Without Minimally Invasive Techniques
Authors: Kameyama Keigo , Ohba Tetsuro , Endo Tomoka , Katsu Marina , Koji Fujita , Kensuke Koyama , Oda Kotaro , Tanaka Nobuki , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Background: Percutaneous pedicle screws (PPS) have the advantage of being able to better preserve the paraspinal muscles when compared with a traditional open approach. However, the nature of changes in postoperative paraspinal muscle after damage by lumbar fusion surgery has remained largely unknown. It is clinically important to clarify and compare changes in paraspinal muscles after the various surgeries. Objective: (1) To determine postoperative changes of muscle density and cross-sectional area using computed tomography (CT), and (2) to compare paraspinal muscle changes after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with traditional open approaches and minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusions (LLIF) with PPS. Methods: We included data from 39 consecutive female patients who underwent open PLIF and 23 consecutive patients who underwent single-staged treatment with LLIF followed by posterior PPS fixation at a single level (L4-5). All patients underwent preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and 1-year postoperative CT imaging. Measurements of the cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle densities of paraspinal muscles were obtained using regions of interest defined by manual tracing. Results: We did not find any decrease of CSA in any paraspinal muscles. We did find a decrease of muscle density in the multifidus at 1 year after surgery in patients in the PILF group, but not in those in LLIF/PPS group. Conclusions: One year after surgery, a significant postoperative decrease of muscle density of the multifidi was observed only in patients who underwent open PLIF, but not in those who underwent LLIF/PPS.
The Effect of Prolonged Pre-Operative Halo Gravity Traction for Severe Spinal Deformities on the Cervical Spine Radiographs
Authors: Yankey Kwadwo Poku , Duah Henry Ofori , Sacramento-Domínguez Cristina , Tutu Henry Osei , Owiredu Mabel Adobea , Mahmud Rufai , Wulff Irene , Ofori-Amankwah Gerhard , Akoto Harry , Boachie-Adjei Oheneba ,   FOCOS Spine Research Group
Published: March 2021

Study Design: Retrospective review of consecutive series. Objective: The study sought to assess the effect of prolonged pre-operative halo gravity traction (HGT) on the c-spine radiographs Methods: Data of 37 pediatric and adult patients who underwent ≥ 12wks pre-op HGT prior to definitive spine surgery from 2013-2015 at a single site in West Africa was reviewed. Radiographic assessment of the c-spine including ADI, SVA and C2-C7 Lordosis were done at pre HGT and at 4 weekly intervals. Paired T-Test was performed to evaluate changes in these parameters during HGT. Results: 37pts, 18/19 (F/M). Average age 18.2yrs. Diagnoses: 22 idiopathic, 6 congenital, 3 Post TB, 2 NM and 4 NF. Average duration of HGT: 125 days. Baseline coronal Cobb:130 deg, corrected 30% in HGT; baseline sagittal Cobb:146 deg, corrected 32% post HGT. Baseline ADI (3.17 ± 0.63 mm) did not change at 4wks ( P > 0.05) but reduced at 8wks (2.80 ± 0.56 mm) and 12wks (2.67 ± 0.51 mm) post HGT ( P < 0.05). Baseline HGT SVA (20.7 ± 14.98 mm) significantly improved at 4wks (11.55 ± 10.26 mm), 8wks (7.54 ± 6.78 mm) and 12wks (8.88 ± 4.5 mm) ( P < 0.05). Baseline C2-C7 lordosis (43 ± 20.1 deg) reduced at 4wks (26 ± 16.37 deg), 8wks (17.8 ± 14.77 deg) and 12wks (16.7 ± 11.33 deg) post HGT ( P < 0.05). There was no incidence of atlanto-axial instability on flexion extension radiographs at any interval. Conclusion: Prolonged HGT, while providing partial correction of severe spine deformities, also appeared to have no adverse effect on atlanto-axial stability or cervical alignment. Therefore, HGT can be safely applied for several weeks in the preoperative management of severe spine deformities in pediatric/adult patients.
Circulating mitochondrial DNA is a proinflammatory DAMP in sickle cell disease
Authors: Tumburu Laxminath , Ghosh-Choudhary Shohini , Seifuddin Fayaz T. , Barbu Emilia A. , Yang Simon , Ahmad Maliha M. , Wilkins Lauren H. W. , Tunc Ilker , Sivakumar Ishwarya , Nichols James S. , Dagur Pradeep K. , Yang Shutong , Almeida Luis E. F. , Quezado Zenaide M. N. , Combs Christian A. , Lindberg Eric , Bleck Christopher K. E. , Zhu Jun , Shet Arun S. , Chung Jay H. , Pirooznia Mehdi , Thein Swee Lay 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) is driven by chronic inflammation fueled by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). We show that elevated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in patients with SCD is not just a prognostic biomarker, it also contributes to the pathological inflammation. Within the elevated cfDNA, patients with SCD had a significantly higher ratio of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA)/cell-free nuclear DNA compared with healthy controls. Additionally, mitochondrial DNA in patient samples showed significantly disproportionately increased hypomethylation compared with healthy controls, and it was increased further in crises compared with steady-state. Using flow cytometry, structured illumination microscopy, and electron microscopy, we showed that circulating SCD red blood cells abnormally retained their mitochondria and, thus, are likely to be the source of the elevated cf-mtDNA in patients with SCD. Patient plasma containing high levels of cf-mtDNA triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that was substantially reduced by inhibition of TANK-binding kinase 1, implicating activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. cf-mtDNA is an erythrocytic DAMP, highlighting an underappreciated role for mitochondria in sickle pathology. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00081523, #NCT03049475, and #NCT00047996.
Genome wide association mapping for heat tolerance in sub-tropical maize
Authors: Longmei Ningthaipuilu , Gill Gurjit Kaur , Zaidi Pervez Haider , Kumar Ramesh , Nair Sudha Krishnan , Hindu Vermuri , Vinayan Madhumal Thayil , Vikal Yogesh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Heat tolerance is becoming increasingly important where maize is grown under spring season in India which coincide with grain filling stage of crop resulting in tassel blast, reduced pollen viability, pollination failure and barren ears that causes devastating yield losses. So, there is need to identify the genomic regions associated with heat tolerance component traits which could be further employed in maize breeding program.

Results
An association mapping panel, consisting of 662 doubled haploid (DH) lines, was evaluated for yield contributing traits under normal and natural heat stress conditions. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) carried out using 187,000 SNPs and 130 SNPs significantly associated for grain yield (GY), days to 50% anthesis (AD), days to 50% silking (SD), anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH) and ear position (EPO) were identified under normal conditions. A total of 46 SNPs strongly associated with GY, ASI, EH and EPO were detected under heat stress conditions. Fifteen of the SNPs was found to have common association with more than one trait such as two SNPs viz. S10_1,905,273 and S10_1,905,274 showed colocalization with GY, PH and EH whereas S10_7,132,845 SNP associated with GY, AD and SD under normal conditions. No such colocalization of SNP markers with multiple traits was observed under heat stress conditions. Haplotypes trend regression analysis revealed 122 and 85 haplotype blocks, out of which, 20 and 6 haplotype blocks were associated with more than one trait under normal and heat stress conditions, respectively. Based on SNP association and haplotype mapping, nine and seven candidate genes were identified respectively, which belongs to different gene models having different biological functions in stress biology.

Conclusions
The present study identified significant SNPs and haplotype blocks associated with yield contributing traits that help in selection of donor lines with favorable alleles for multiple traits. These results provided insights of genetics of heat stress tolerance. The genomic regions detected in the present study need further validation before being applied in the breeding pipelines.