bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional sampling of visual and auditory objects is captured by theta‐modulated neural activity
Authors: Plöchl Michael , Fiebelkorn Ian , Kastner Sabine , Obleser Jonas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that visual attention alternately samples two behaviourally relevant objects at approximately 4 Hz, rhythmically shifting between the objects. Whether similar attentional rhythms exist in other sensory modalities, however, is not yet clear. We therefore adapted and extended an established paradigm to investigate visual and potential auditory attentional rhythms, as well as possible interactions, on both a behavioural (detection performance, N = 33) and a neural level (EEG, N = 18). The results during unimodal attention demonstrate that both visual‐ and auditory‐target detection fluctuate at frequencies of approximately 4–8 Hz, confirming that attentional rhythms are not specific to visual processing. The EEG recordings provided evidence of oscillatory activity that underlies these behavioural effects. At right and left occipital EEG electrodes, we detected counter‐phasic theta‐band activity (4–8 Hz), mirroring behavioural evidence of alternating sampling between the objects presented right and left of central fixation, respectively. Similarly, alpha‐band activity as a signature of relatively suppressed sensory encoding showed a theta‐rhythmic, counter‐phasic change in power. Moreover, these theta‐rhythmic changes in alpha power were predictive of behavioural performance in both sensory modalities. Overall, the present findings provide a new perspective on the multimodal rhythmicity of attention.
Dentigerous cysts with exostosis of the temporal bone in horses – A new variant diagnosed by computed tomography
Authors: Heun F. , Schwieder A. , Hansmann F. , Bienert‐Zeit A. , Hellige M. 
Published: November 2021

SummaryThe dentigerous cyst or temporal teratoma in horses is a well‐known congenital malformation that occurs in the temporal region and usually contains dental tissue. This case report describes two horses with a previously unreported variant of the dentigerous cyst associated with an exostosis arising from the temporal bone. The principal clinical sign was a draining tract opening at the margin of the right pinna in both horses. There was no evidence of an ectopic tooth on the radiographs or at ultrasonographic examination. Computed tomography combined with positive contrast sinography of the draining tract revealed bone formation arising from the supramastoid crest of the right temporal bone extending towards a cyst‐like structure but without direct connection in both cases. This bone formation was located at a site on the supramastoid crest, close to the external acoustic meatus, where ectopic teeth may also occur. Both cysts were removed surgically with a good long‐term outcome.
The effect of risk aversion and financing source on a supply chain of in‐app products
Authors: Avinadav Tal , Bunker Adi Eyal 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe study the decisions of a distribution platform and an app developer, both risk averse, which interact via a revenue‐sharing contract under the freemium business model with optional in‐app purchases. The model considers the random impact of quality on the demand potential of an in‐app product, and we conduct the analysis under the mean‐variance framework. We investigate two financing sources for the developer's activity: self‐financing and revenue‐based financing by an external investor. We reach three main findings: (i) The stochastic‐dominance property exists both for the platform's and the investor's profits with regard to their revenue shares; (ii) the more risk averse the developer is, the more he tends to use revenue‐based financing, but he will receive a lower financing amount; and (iii) the shift from self‐financing to revenue‐based financing lowers the platform's expected revenue.
Difference of immune cell infiltration between stable and unstable carotid artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Gao Jia , Shi Licheng , Gu Jianhua , Zhang Dandan , Wang Wenjun , Zhu Xuanfeng , Liu Jiannan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic plaque instability contributes to ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. This study is to compare the abundance and difference of immune cell subtypes within unstable atherosclerotic tissues. CIBERSORT was used to speculate the proportions of 22 immune cell types based on a microarray of atherosclerotic carotid artery samples. R software was utilized to illustrate the bar plot, heat map and vioplot. The immune cell landscape in atherosclerosis was diverse, dominated by M2 macrophages, M0 macrophages, resting CD4 memory T cells and CD8 T cells. There was a significant difference in resting CD4 memory T cells (p = 0.032), T cells follicular helper (p = 0.033), M0 (p = 0.047) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.012) between stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Compared with stable atherosclerotic plaques, unstable atherosclerotic plaques had a higher percentage of M2 macrophages. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the percentage of naïve CD4 T cells was strongly correlated with that of gamma delta T cells (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), while memory B cells were correlated with plasma cells (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). In summary, our study explored the abundance and difference of specific immune cell subgroups at unstable plaques, which would aid new immunotherapies for atherosclerosis.
Titanium Nitride Coated Implant Abutments: From Technical Aspects And Soft tissue Biocompatibility to Clinical Applications. A Literature Review
Authors: del Castillo Rafael , Chochlidakis Konstantinos , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Ercoli Carlo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo review the most up to date scientific evidence concerning the technical implications, soft tissue biocompatibility, and clinical applications derived from the use of titanium nitride hard thin film coatings on titanium alloy implant abutments.Materials and MethodsA review was performed to answer the following focused question: “What is the clinical reliability of nitride coated titanium alloy abutments?”. A MEDLINE search between 1980 and 2021 was performed for investigations pertaining to the clinical use of nitride coated titanium alloy implant abutments (TiN) in case reports, case series, and short‐ and long‐term non/randomized controlled clinical trials. Literature analysis led to addition evaluation of research related to the technical and biological aspects, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of TiN hard thin film coatings and their impact on titanium abutment biocompatibility, mechanical properties, macroscopic surface topography, and optical properties. Therefore, preclinical data from biomechanical and in vitro investigations were also considered as inclusion criteria.ResultsThe limited number of clinical investigations published made a systematic review and meta‐analysis not possible, therefore a narrative review was conducted. TiN coatings have been applied to dental materials and instruments to improve their clinical longevity. Implant abutments are coated with titanium nitride to mask the titanium oxide surface and enhance its surface characteristics providing the TiN abutment surface with a low friction coefficient and a very high chemical inertness. TiN coating is suggested to reduce early bacterial colonization and biofilm formation and enhance fibroblast cell proliferation, attachment and adhesion when compared to Ti controls. Additionally, studies indicate that hard thin film coatings enhance the mechanical properties (hardness and wear resistance) of titanium alloy and appears as a yellow color when deposited on the titanium alloy substrate. To date, clinical investigations show that nitride coated titanium abutments provide promising short‐term clinical outcomes.ConclusionsPublished research on nitride‐coated abutments is still limited, however, the available biomedical research, mechanical engineering tests, in vitro investigations, and short‐term clinical trials have, to date, reported promising mechanical, biological, and esthetic outcomes.
Phylogenetic analyses and cross‐infection studies of Phytophthora species infecting cacao and durian in South‐Central Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Solpot Tamie C. , Cumagun Christian Joseph R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPhytophthora pathogens have contributed largely to the production losses of plantation crops such as cacao and durian. Correct identification and knowledge of the diversity of the pathogen is a requisite in the formulation of effective management strategies. Fifty‐eight putative Phytophthora isolates were collected from cacao and durian orchards in South‐Central Mindanao, Philippines, with 43 from cacao and 15 from durian. Molecular identification of isolates based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial β‐tubulin (β‐tub) and mitochondrial gene (cox2+spacer) regions combined with morphocultural characterization identified 57 Phytophthora palmivora isolates from cacao and durian typically showing variations in colony morphology and sporangial shape. However, these variations were not phylogenetically informative. One Phytophthora meadii (CDDS‐P3) causing pod rot of cacao was phylogenetically isolated from P. palmivora. Phylogenetic analysis of isolates using combined ITS, β‐tubulin (β‐tub) and mitochondrial (cox2+spacer) DNA regions showed an intraspecific variation within P. palmivora. Representative isolates of P. palmivora used for cross‐inoculation showed more aggressiveness on its original host with higher lesion diameter and less aggressiveness on its potential hosts with smaller lesion diameter on artificially inoculated detached plant part. All Phytophthora isolates were tested pathogenic to cacao, durian and its potential hosts (rubber and coconut); therefore, cross‐infection in the field is possible in an intercrop system. Implementation of combined control strategies should be done against highly diverse pathogens such as P. palmivora and the potentially destructive pathogen P. meadii, which was tested pathogenic and virulent to its original (cacao) and potential hosts (coconut, durian and rubber).
Do the ends justify the means? Impact of drought progression rate on stress response and recovery in Vitis vinifera
Authors: Morabito Cristina , Orozco Jessica , Tonel Giulia , Cavalletto Silvia , Meloni Giovanna Roberta , Schubert Andrea , Gullino Maria Lodovica , Zwieniecki Maciej Andrzej , Secchi Francesca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPlants are frequently exposed to prolonged and intense drought events. To survive, species must implement strategies to overcome progressive drought while maintaining sufficient resources to sustain the recovery of functions. Our objective was to understand how stress rate development modulates energy reserves and affects the recovery process. Grenache Vitis vinifera cultivar was exposed to either fast‐developing drought (within few days; FDD), typical of pot experiments, or slow‐developing drought (few weeks, SDD), more typical for natural conditions. FDD was characterized by fast (2–3 days) stomatal closure in response to increased stress level, high abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in xylem sap (>400 μg L−1) without the substantial changes associated with stem priming for recovery (no accumulation of sugar or drop in xylem sap pH). In contrast, SDD was characterized by gradual stomatal closure, low ABA accumulation (<100 μg L−1) and changes that primed the stem for recovery (xylem sap acidification from 6 to 5.5 pH and sugar accumulation from 1 to 3 g L−1). Despite FDD and SDD demonstrating similar trends over time in the recovery of stomatal conductance, they differed in their sensitivity to xylem ABA. Grenache showed near‐isohydric and near‐anisohydric behavior depending on the rate of drought progression, gauging the risk between hydraulic integrity and photosynthetic gain. The isohydry observed during FDD could potentially provide protection from large sudden swings in tension, while transitioning to anisohydry during SDD could prioritize the maintenance of photosynthetic activity over hydraulic security.
Offshore aquaculture of finfish: Big expectations at sea
Authors: Morro Bernat , Davidson Keith , Adams Thomas P. , Falconer Lynne , Holloway Max , Dale Andrew , Aleynik Dmitry , Thies Philipp R. , Khalid Faryal , Hardwick Jon , Smith Helen , Gillibrand Philip A. , Rey‐Planellas Sonia 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOffshore aquaculture has gained momentum in recent years, and the production of an increasing number of marine fish species is being relocated offshore. Initially, predictions of the advantages that offshore aquaculture would present over nearshore farming were made without enough science‐based evidence. Now, with more scientific knowledge, this review revisits past predictions and expectations of offshore aquaculture. We analysed and explained the oceanographic features that define offshore and nearshore sites. Using Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study, we focussed on sea lice, amoebic gill disease, and the risk of harmful algal blooms, as well as the direct effects of the oceanography on the health and physiology of fish. The operational and licencing challenges and advantages of offshore aquaculture are also considered. The lack of space in increasingly saturated sheltered areas will push new farms out to offshore locations and, if appropriate steps are followed, offshore aquaculture can be successful. Firstly, the physical capabilities of the farmed fish species and infrastructure must be fully understood. Secondly, the oceanography of potential sites must be carefully studied to confirm that they are compatible with the species‐specific capabilities. And, thirdly, an economic plan considering the operational costs and licencing limitations of the site must be developed. This review will serve as a guide and a compilation of information for researchers and stakeholders.
Quantifying Uncertainty of Damage in Composites Using a Quasi Monte Carlo Technique
Authors: Pitz Emil J. , Pochiraju Kishore V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Property variations in a structure strongly impact the macroscopic mechanical performance as regions with lower strength will be prone to damage initiation or acceleration. Consideration of the variability in material property is critical for high-resolution simulations of damage initiation and propagation. While the recent progressive damage analyses consider randomness in property fields, accurately quantifying the uncertainty in damage measures remains computationally expensive. Stochastic damage analyses require extensive sampling of random property fields and numerous replications of the underlying nonlinear deterministic simulations. This paper demonstrates that a Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method, which uses a multidimensional low discrepancy sobol sequence, is a computationally economical way to obtain the mean and standard deviations in cracks evolving in composites. An extended finite element method (XFEM) method with spatially random strength fields simulates the damage initiation and evolution in a model composite. We compared the number of simulations required for Monte Carlo (MC) and QMC techniques to measure the influence of input variability on the mean crack-length in an open-hole angle-ply tensile test. We conclude that the low discrepancy sampling and QMC technique converges substantially faster than traditional MC methods.
Topology Optimization and Experimental Validation of an Additively Manufactured U-Bend Channel
Authors: Ghosh Shinjan , Wardell Ryan , Mondal Sudeepta , Fernandez Erik , Ray Asok , Kapat Jayanta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Serpentine channels are a common feature seen in heat ex-changer geometries. For example, they are present in midchord regions of gas turbine blades to prevent material failure at high turbine inlet temperatures. Due to their serpentine nature, these channels contain 180 deg turns or U-bends. These U-bends are responsible for nearly 20% of the pressure drop in such channels (Verstraete et al., 2013, “Optimization of a U-Bend for Minimal Pressure Loss in Internal Cooling Channels-Part I: Numerical Method,” ASME J. Turbomach., 135(5), p. 051015). A topology optimization (TO) method has been used in this study to optimize the shape of a baseline U-bend for minimum pressure drop, at a Reynolds number of 17,000. TO uses a variable permeability approach to design an optimum flow-path by manipulation of solid blockage distribution in the flow-path. The pressure drop across the channel was lowered by 50% when compared to a standard U-bend channel profile from literature. Postprocessing was performed to extract the flow-path and run a forward simulation in star-ccm+ after remeshing with wall refinement. A 3D printed model of the TO shape and benchmark U-bend was created using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the printing material, to confirm the results of the turbulent fluid TO, which is a relatively untouched topic in current TO literature. Experimental results showed deviation from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by about 5%. Comparison of the TO optimum was carried out with an in-house parametric shape optimization using surrogate model-based Bayesian optimization (BO) and a similar shape optimization study from literature. A higher reduction in pressure drop was seen in the case of the TO geometry when compared to the benchmark and the BO cases.
Secular incidence trends and effect of population aging on mortality due to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China from 1990 to 2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Li Yongze , Guo Chenxi , Cao Yanli 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionDiabetes and population aging have become public health issues of global concern. The secular incidence trends and the impact of population aging on mortality due to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China remain unclear.Research design and methodsThe incidence and mortality rates of T1DM and T2DM from 1990 to 2019 were abstracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 database. Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort models were used to calculate the average annual percentage change and relative risk (RR), respectively. A decomposition method was used to attribute changes in total deaths to population growth, population aging, and the mortality rate change from 1990 to 2019.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the T1DM age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 2.01% (95% CI 1.78% to 2.23%) in males and 1.70% (1.61% to 1.80%) in females, and the T1DM age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased by 1.96% (−2.22% to −1.71%) in males and 4.02% (−4.48% to −3.57%) in females. The T2DM ASIR increased by 0.81% (0.62% to 0.99%) in males and 0.37% (0.16% to 0.58%) in females, and the T2DM ASMR increased by 1.06% (0.87% to 1.25%) in males and decreased by 0.24% (−0.54% to 0.07%) in females. Compared with 1990, the proportions of deaths attributed to population aging ranged from 18.85% (T1DM) to 148.21% (T2DM) for males and 29.80% (T1DM) to 118.82% (T2DM) for females in 2019.ConclusionsThe T1DM and T2DM incidence rates continually increased in China, particularly among young individuals. T1DM-related mortality decreased, while T2DM-related mortality increased in males. Population aging might be associated with a substantial change in the number of deaths from 1990 to 2019. To address the increase in T2DM-related deaths due to population aging, policymakers should promote aging-related health research and implement proven, cost-effective T2DM interventions.
Effect of preoperative duloxetine treatment on postoperative chronic residual pain after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rienstra Wietske , Blikman Tim , Dijkstra Baukje , Stewart Roy , Zijlstra Wierd , van Raaij Tom , ten Hagen Anita , Bulstra Sjoerd , Stevens Martin , van den Akker-Scheek Inge 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesA key predictor for developing chronic residual pain after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) is sensitisation. Sensitisation can be defined as an ‘increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the nervous system’. Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of preoperative treatment with duloxetine in sensitised knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients on postoperative chronic residual pain up to 1 year after arthroplasty.SettingA multicentre, pragmatic, prospective, randomised clinical trial was conducted in three secondary care hospitals in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients with primary knee/hip OA who were planned for TKA/THA were screened using the modified painDETECT Questionnaire. Patients whose painDETECT score indicated that sensitisation may be present were eligible for participation. 111 participants were included and randomly assigned 1:1 to an intervention or control group. The intervention group received additional duloxetine treatment, the control group did not receive any additional treatment but was allowed to continue with any pain medication they were already taking.InterventionsPreoperative oral treatment for 7 weeks with 60 mg/day of duloxetine was compared with usual care.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was pain at 6 months after arthroplasty, assessed with the Pain Subscale of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) or the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) with a 0–100 scale. Secondary outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and neuropathic-like pain measured using the modified PainDETECT Questionnaire. Longitudinal data collection included time points directly after duloxetine treatment, 1-day preoperatively, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively.ResultsMean improvement in the KOOS/HOOS pain subscale at 6 months postoperatively was 37 (SD 28.1) in the intervention group and 43 (SD 26.5) in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found in change score 6 months postoperatively between the two groups (p=0.280). 12 patients from the intervention group (21%) discontinued duloxetine due to adverse effects.ConclusionsPreoperative targeted treatment with duloxetine in end-stage knee and hip OA patients with sensitisation does not influence postoperative chronic residual pain after TKA/THA.Trial registration numberNTR4744.