bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite trait Mendelian randomization reveals distinct metabolic and lifestyle consequences of differences in body shape
Authors: Sulc Jonathan , Sonrel Anthony , Mounier Ninon , Auwerx Chiara , Marouli Eirini , Darrous Liza , Draganski Bogdan , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. , Joshi Peter , Loos Ruth J. F. , Kutalik Zoltán 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for a wide range of cardiometabolic diseases, however the impact of specific aspects of body morphology remains poorly understood. We combined the GWAS summary statistics of fourteen anthropometric traits from UK Biobank through principal component analysis to reveal four major independent axes: body size, adiposity, predisposition to abdominal fat deposition, and lean mass. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that although body size and adiposity both contribute to the consequences of BMI, many of their effects are distinct, such as body size increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmia (b = 0.06, p = 4.2 ∗ 10−17) while adiposity instead increased that of ischemic heart disease (b = 0.079, p = 8.2 ∗ 10−21). The body mass-neutral component predisposing to abdominal fat deposition, likely reflecting a shift from subcutaneous to visceral fat, exhibited health effects that were weaker but specifically linked to lipotoxicity, such as ischemic heart disease (b = 0.067, p = 9.4 ∗ 10−14) and diabetes (b = 0.082, p = 5.9 ∗ 10−19). Combining their independent predicted effects significantly improved the prediction of obesity-related diseases (p < 10−10). The presented decomposition approach sheds light on the biological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of body morphology and its consequences on health and lifestyle.
A memory-driven auditory program ensures selective and precise vocal imitation in zebra finches
Authors: Liu Wan-chun , Landstrom Michelle , Schutt Gillian , Inserra Mia , Fernandez Francesca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the vocal learning model, the juvenile first memorizes a model sound, and the imprinted memory gradually converts into vocal-motor output during the sensorimotor integration. However, early acquired memory may not precisely represent the fine structures of a model sound. How do juveniles ensure precise model imitation? Here we show that juvenile songbirds develop an auditory learning program by actively and attentively engaging with tutor’s singing during the sensorimotor phase. The listening/approaching behavior requires previously acquired model memory and the individual variability of approaching behavior correlates with the precision of tutor song imitation. Moreover, it is modulated by dopamine and associated with forebrain regions for sensory processing. Overall, precise vocal learning may involve two steps of auditory processing: a passive imprinting of model memory occurs during the early sensory period; the previously acquired memory then guides an active and selective engagement of the re-exposed model to fine tune model imitation.
A practical stable control scheme under end point equivalence modulation for DC power supply converters
Authors: Li Po , He Ying , Lin Xia , Guan Mingjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA series of DC power supply converters can be described as linear affine systems with finite inputs and constrained switching frequency. In this study, a practical‐stability‐oriented general control framework with duty‐cycle‐like characteristics is deduced for such converters. First, a concept called End Point Equivalence Modulation (EPEM) is introduced to release constraints. Following this, a Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) is employed to design the switching law and the relationship between the boundary of the convergence zone and the switching frequency is derived. In addition, an optimized switching strategy is presented to halve the switching frequency without degrading the control performance, which is also helpful for reducing switching loss. Finally, a single‐phase inverter and buck converter are considered as case studies and analysis show that Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and volt‐second balance guarantee their practical stability, respectively, which can be theoretically derived and proved under EPEM. All the proposed methods and controllers are validated both by simulations on MATLAB/Simulink and experiments in a rapid control prototype platform based on a FPGA module.
Rolle des EEG-Neuromonitorings beim Status epilepticus im Kindesalter
Authors: Brandl Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfasungDas EEG-Neuromonitoring kann bei den verschiedenen klinischen Formen des Status epilepticus im Kindes- und Jugendalter einen erheblichen Beitrag zur diagnostischen Einschätzung und somit der Steuerung der Therapie leisten. Bei einem konvulsiven Status epilepticus ist sein Einsatz kein Bestandteil der Erstversorgung. Sobald die Indikation für eine Narkose (refraktärer Status epilepticus) gestellt wird, bekommt das EEG-Monitoring eine erhebliche Bedeutung sowohl bei der Steuerung der Narkosetiefe als auch bei der Erkennung subklinischer Durchbruchsanfälle. Daneben kann man damit nicht indizierte Maßnahmen bei langdauernden psychogenen Anfällen vermeiden. Beim nonkonvulsiven Status ist das EEG hingegen bereits bei der Diagnosestellung eine wesentliche Maßnahme, ist aber auch hier eine wertvolle Maßnahme zur Therapiekontrolle. Eine Sonderstellung nimmt das EEG-Monitoring in der Intensivmedizin ein, besonders bei encephalopathischen Krankheitsbildern. Subklinische, elektrographische Status als Komplikation sind bei komatösen Patienten anders kaum zu diagnostizieren. Es zeigte sich in mehreren Studien, dass sie einen ungünstigen Einfluss auf das neurologische Behandlungsergebnis haben.
Fructose biopolymers contained in roots of Heliánthus annuus
Authors: Korshunova N A , Balanov P E , Smotraeva I V , Ivanchenko O B 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article investigates fructose biopolymers contained in the roots of Heliánthus annuus. The raw material has been analyzed in terms of the content of inulin and other accompanying components, which are both advantageous for developing new functional food products and challenging for inulin extracting. Because in the composition of preparations from the sunflower root, this may be an advantage for the future food product, but when extracting inulin, this can create certain difficulties. These components are polyphenolic substances, namely tannins. Literature sources describe the presence of polyphenols in conflicting amounts, which justifies our research objective. The article presents a study of the yield of inulin in the extract at different extraction temperatures. We have determined the moisture content of the crushed sunflower root, the content of extractives in percent in absolutely dry raw materials, the content of tannins in percent in absolutely dry raw materials, as well as the content of inulin. The research aims to apply the results obtained for the further development of a functional food product.
Content of some flavonoids in alfalfa and its water extract "Eracond"
Authors: Kryachko A N , Khafizova R R , Kozlov V N , Ponomareva L F , Maksyutov R R 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper states that the extraction of some flavonoids from air-dry raw alfalfa with 70% alcohol-water solution was carried out. The quantitative determination of some flavonoids content in the obtained extracts and dietary supplement "Eracond" by HPLC method was carried out. The content of flavonoids in alfalfa ranges from 0.004 mg/g naringenin to 0.29 mg/g from dry basis mass in naringin, and it ranges from 0.007 mg/g of quercetin to 0.50 mg/g from dry mass in naringin in "Erakond". A higher level of quercetin (0.12 mg/g) was revealed in alfalfa harvested in June (first cut) relative to its content (0.08 ± 0.002) in alfalfa of the second cut. The content of dihydroquercetin (0.007 ± 0.0004 mg/g) and fisetin (0.04 mg/g) in the medicinal plant raw material harvested in August (L-2) decrease in relation to alfalfa harvested in June, where similar indicators were 0.088 ± 0.009 mg/g and 0.08 ± 0.003 mg/g, respectively. The phenolic compounds identified in alfalfa should be considered as promising pathogenetically substantiated agents in the complex therapy of pathologies involving the application of inhibitors of free radical processes.
Effect of fixed factors on microbiological status of some meat products
Authors: Caro Petrovic V , Petrovic M P , Gorlov I F , Slozenkina M I , Selionova M I , Nikolaevna I S , Itckovich A Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study was to assess the microbiological quality of commercial meat products of Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade, Serbia. In the Institute various meat products produced in a small scale type of processing namely: Institute sausage, Barbecue sausage, Debrecen, Frankfurter and Extra sausage. Investigation was conducted during three years at the Microbiology laboratory. The products were submitted for testing twice monthly. The samples were placed in the polyethylene bag and then brought in the microbiology laboratory and immediately placed in the refrigerator. The next day, the sample product was removed in the refrigerator and placed in the laboratory bench for microbial analysis to begin. For all products there are variations in the total number of bacteria (CFU / g) depending on the year and season. However, during spring season, only the differences at Extra sausage and Barbecue sausage were significant (P<0.05). During the summer season was found very significant differences (P<0.01) in extra sausage. In the autumn, the effect of year was significant at the Institute sausage, Barbecue sausage, Debrecen and Extra sausage (P<0.05). During winter, the effect of year was significant (P<0.05) in Debrecen, and very significant (P<0.01) in Extra sausage. There are some variations depending of the season, which are statistically significant (P>0.05) and (P<0.01). Largest variations were found in Extra sausage.
Edible spring fungi in southern taiga communities
Authors: Kislitsina A V , Sorokina A A , Luginina E A , Yaroslavtsev A V , Obotnin S I 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Morphological characteristics of fruit bodies of several species of edible spring fungi were studied in southern taiga plant communities of Kirov region, European part of Russia. Investigation revealed productivity of Gyromitra esculenta Pers. Ex Fr. (9.7 kg/ha), Gyromitra gigas (Krombh.) Cooke (8.0 kg/ha), Verpa bohemica (Krombh.) J. Schröt. (4.8 kg/ha), Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers. (0.7 kg/ha). Connections between morphological parameters of fruit bodies and weight were defined for each species.
Study of quality indicators of fermented dairy foods
Authors: Klyuchnikova D V , Dolmatova O I , Pozhidaeva E A , Smolsky G M , Lobacheva N N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Samples of kefir products with a vegetable component addition were developed in the work. The rheological properties of the products were also studied in this paper. The strongest bond with the clot was determined in the samples with the vegetable component addition in the amount of 4 and 5%. An improvement in the rheological parameters of the kefir product was proven: a viscous structure, a reduced tendency to syneresis compared to the control sample. The functional and technological properties of dried food kelp and agave syrup used in the technology of the curd product were also investigated. Starter cultures with quail egg powder were selected for fermented dairy beverage.
The use of plant extracts in the production of whey beverage
Authors: Zhuravlev S S , Serova O P , Bozhkova S E 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
At present, in the dairy industry there are a number of unresolved issues, one of them is the processing of secondary raw materials, namely whey curd. Processing of dairy whey in Russia, despite numerous developments in this area, is held back for various reasons. Production and introduction of whey drink will allow to extend the assortment of functional products and due to resource-saving technology will allow to solve the problem of processing of secondary raw materials. The results of researches on making extracts of vegetative raw material by different methods are resulted in the article and the optimum one which allows to enrich maximal extract with biologically active substances is chosen. The technology of whey beverage with the use of plant extracts is developed. The influence of extracts from vegetable raw materials on the nutritional value of whey drink has been determined.
Effect of vacuum on microwave extraction of hawthorn fruit
Authors: Ismailov L Yu , Safin R R , Safina A V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper considers the influence of vacuum on microwave extraction of hawthorn fruit and provides a comparative analysis of conventional infusion and microwave extraction methods. Experimental studies using various methods provided the values of the amount of isolated water-soluble substances relative to the feedstock during 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes of extraction at the set mixture temperatures of 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C. It was found that at all the above temperatures, the effect of vacuum on microwave extraction positively affected the yield of water-soluble substances throughout the extraction process. At 40°C, the maximum value of the extracted substances was reached at the 25th minute of extraction, while the yield of water-soluble substances was 13.56% higher compared to traditional infusion and 10.74% higher compared to microwave extraction. The yields with vacuum microwave extraction method at mixture temperature of 60°C also proved to be higher than the values of the methods being compared. At the extraction temperature of 80°C, the microwave extraction and the vacuum microwave extraction methods have the same maximum valuable components yields significantly exceeding the indicators of traditional infusion. In addition, the vacuum effect contributed to extraction acceleration, allowing the maximum amount of water-soluble substances to be extracted 5 minutes earlier. The experimental studies confirmed the positive effect of vacuum on microwave extraction of hawthorn fruit, which is the reason for further research and the search for optimal parameters of the vacuum microwave extraction technology.
Research of semi-finished sponge cakes made with the addition of willow-herb
Authors: Belyaev A G , Mosyagin V V , Ryzhkova G F , Kaluzhskikh A G , Budnikova A S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Flour confectionery products, including semi-finished biscuit products, are of interest for conducting experiments aimed at obtaining new types of enriched products with various micronutrients. For the enrichment of the products, a powder from the grass of the willow-herb was used. Because it is known from the literature that willow-herb contains a large amount of micronutrients and is a medicinal plant. The collection of the herb willow-herb also has many medicinal properties and has a positive effect on the human body. In this paper, we consider the recipes for the production of semi-finished biscuit products with the replacement of flour in them with the powder of willow-herb in different percentage concentrations. The obtained samples of semi-finished biscuit products were examined in order to determine their quality indicators. An organoleptic evaluation was carried out, which allowed us to identify the best sample. Studies have been conducted to determine the amount of content of certain elements. The dependence of the content of these elements on the amount of the addition of willow-herb to the recipes of experimental samples of sponge semi-finished products is revealed. The quantitative indicators of the content of elements such as iron and phosphorus, important for the human body, in the samples were determined. Infrared spectra of experimental samples of biscuit products were obtained, and their analysis was carried out.
Effect of storage method on ascorbic acid content in potato
Authors: Demidenko G A , Khizhnyak S V , Tipsina N N , Strupan E A , Sizykh O A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to study the change in the vitamin C content in potato tubers over a period of 270 days of storage in a potato storage of the buried type, regulated by natural supply and exhaust ventilation (I type of storage) and active (forced) ventilation with artificial cooling (II type of storage). In the I type of storage the content of vitamin C decreased from 25.0 mg to 5.8 mg per 100 g. In the II type of storage the content of vitamin C decreased from 25.1 mg to 21.0 mg per 100 g.In both cases the kinetic of vitamin C degradation could be described by logistic function with coefficient of determination over 0.999.
Technology of grain dispersion in the production of flourless bread
Authors: Nevzorov V N , Matskevich I V , Koh Zn A , Bezyazikov D S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The paper presents technical solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of the technological process of dispersion of germinated wheat seeds by the method of gradual reduction of the size of grinding particles to the size determined by the technology for the production of flourless bread, and the wheat seeds supplied for dispersion do not undergo a technological operation to remove the fruit and seed shells. The author’s resource-saving technology and a new developed highly efficient technological equipment are described, which provide for a multiple effect on germinated wheat seeds due to a step-by-step change in the working technological gap. The developed device consists of a variator connected by gears with movable plate-shaped rotors rotating at different angular speeds and having grinding elements installed in a staggered manner. The adjustable gap between the movable disc-shaped rotors is provided by centrifugal forces and changes in the impact force of the grain mass being crushed against the walls of the cylindrical body for final crushing and obtaining the required uniform particle size of the dispersed material. The comparison of the developed and existing technologies for grain dispersion showed that in modern technological machines that provide for multiple mechanical action of the working body on the grain, finely ground fractions with a low content of dietary fibre are formed. The developed technical means are intended to be introduced into the production schemes of bakery shops specializing in the production of high-quality products. It has been established that the use of the developed author’s resource-saving technology for dispersing a grain mixture provides an increase in the total yield of a milled homogeneous grain mass with an increased yield of dietary fibre up to 92%, while using three connected successive grinding zones with rotary grinding elements provides a given fractional composition of the resulting homogeneous grain mass up to 97 %.
Influence of heat-induced changes in meat proteins on the quality characteristics of the finished product
Authors: Kovaleva O A , Zdrabova E M , Kireeva O S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In order to identify the coagulation-denaturation changes in proteins for the development of heat treatment modes and the production of products with specified characteristics, a set of changes in the dynamics of the degree of denaturation and the electrophoretic profile of proteins was studied. Qualitative structural changes of proteins in model products from the scapular part of pork halves with signs of NOR and PSE were studied by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The analysis of these changes made it possible to develop new and adjust the existing technological modes of processing meat raw materials. The prospects of using LT-LT heat treatment modes for whole-muscle cooked pork products with signs of NOR and PSE are shown. The results showed a higher activity of tissue proteases in PSE-pork compared to NOR, which carry out the proteolysis of "heavy" proteins. The largest number of protein fractions in the model products from PSE - pork is visualized in the zone of "medium" proteins with a molecular weight of 20 to 100 kDa. Minimal changes in the fractional composition occur at 50-55°C in myofibrillar proteins and 65°C in sarcoplasmic proteins.
The elemental status of broiler chickens when used the cocoa husks in the diet
Authors: Grechkina V V , Medvedev S A , Lebedev S V , Miroshnikova E P , Shoshina O V , Miroshnikov I S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cocoa husk can become a desirable feedstock and mineral source for poultry farming due to its nutritional value and valuable bioactive compounds. The article deals with the biological effect of cocoa husk on the metabolism and elemental status of broiler chickens of the Arbor-Icres cross. When replacing 5% of wheat treated with alkali in the amount of 45 g/kg in the diet of broiler chickens of the II experimental group with cocoa husk, there was an increase in the elements lithium - by 66.5% (p≤0.05), cadmium – by 25.8% and phosphorus – by 18.5%, nickel – by 31.1% (p≤0.05), cobalt – by 33.9%, iron – by 21.5%, manganese – by 15.6%, selenium – by 41.0%, iodine – by 40.1% (p < 0.05), aluminum – by 43.7% (p < 0.05), against the background of a decrease in toxic, relative to the control bird. Cocoa husk in experiments has a protective effect on toxic elements, reducing mercury in the body – by 53.5% (p < 0.05), lead – by 18.2%, tin – by 69.4% (p < 0.05) and strontium – by 26.3%. Thus, cocoa husk is a valuable by-product of the food industry, which can be used in the cultivation of broiler chickens.
The effectiveness of protein additives based on the wastes of poultry slaughter in diets for broilers
Authors: Lukashenko V S , Saleeva I P , Zhuravchuk E V , Ovseychik E A , Volik V G , Ismailova D Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of protein additives based on the wastes of poultry slaughter in diets for broilers (cross Smena-9, 35 birds per treatment, 1-38 days of age) was studied as compared to the traditional diets with fishmeal as an animal protein source. Control treatment 1 was fed diets with fishmeal (FM); in diets for treatments 2 and 3 FM was substituted by fermented feed additive (FFA) and hydrolyzed feed additive (HFA), respectively, produced by the processing of slaughter wastes (feathers, intestines, and blood). The resulting levels of crude protein were similar in all treatments. It was found that the highest growth efficiency was in treatment 2: live bodyweight at 38 days of age was higher by 6.5% in compare to control (p<0.01), average daily weight gain higher by 3.6 g/bird/day; higher digestibility of protein from FFA resulted in feed conversion ratio lower by 1.9% in compare to control. Dressing percentage in this treatment was higher by 0.8% in compare to control, percentage of high-grade carcasses higher by 5.7%; as a result the European production efficiency index (377 points) was higher by 29 points in compare to control.
Simmental cattle breed lactation features of various productive types
Authors: Sycheva O V , Anisimova E I , Omarov R S , Shlykov S N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of studying the course of lactation of Simmental cows of various constitutionally productive types: dairy, milk-meat, and meat-and-milk in the conditions of the SEC "Abodimovskiy" on lactating (1-3 lactation) cows of the Simmental breed of German selection. There were studying the quantitative indicators and milk composition. There was calculating the lactation stability coefficients (LCC). The study’s findings were as follows that the nature of the lactation curve for dairy and dairy-meat constitutionally productive types of Simmental cattle can be recognized as "high unstable". It indicates that these cattle types are more milk productivity prevalence than meat. The nature of the lactation curve of the meat and dairy type of cattle is characterized as "moderately stable". It shows a clear difference from the first two constitutionally productive types.