bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional analysis of small heat shock proteins providing evidence of temperature tolerance in Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Li Hui , Tao Rong , Qiao Heng , Zhao Xudong , Li Shouyin , Dai Lulu , Hao Dejun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA substantial increase in the occurrence of extremely high‐ or low‐temperature events caused by global climate change has imposed pressure on the survival and reproduction of invertebrates. Hyphantria cunea (H. cunea; Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is a worldwide defoliator and has become a major forestry and agricultural pest during the past three decades in China. The thermal and cold tolerance has directly affected the population and geographical distribution of H. cunea, which remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the thermal tolerance of H. cunea larvae and discovered that they could endure extremely high temperatures, as demonstrated by median lethal times (Ltim50) of 103.3 hr at 37°C, 62.0 hr at 40°C and even 14.5 hr at 43°C. To further explore the molecular evidence of the physiological response to heat and cold, we cloned and characterized six small heat shock proteins (sHSPs). These proteins possessed the conserved α‐domain of the sHSP family at the C‐terminus and various N‐terminal domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HCsHSPs presented a close evolutionary relationship with sHSP genes in noctuidae species. Four sHSPs in H. cunea were sensitive to heat stress, and only HCsHSP28.7 was induced by cold stress. The expression level of HCsHSPs peaked at 40°C and decreased in treatment at 45°C. HCsHSP20.0 transcripts were abundant in the cuticle after heat shock, and HCsHSP28.7 was most enriched in the fat body after cold shock. In addition, an equal molecular weight of the HCsHSP20.0 protein could completely protect malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from thermal aggregation. Recombinant HCsHSP28.7 E. coli cells exhibited tolerance to cold stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that HCsHSPs, especially HCsHSP20.0 and HCsHSP28.7, are vital genes in the adaptation of H. cunea larvae to extreme conditions in the context of global climate change.
Dehydration of pequi slices (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) by infrared: Modeling and effective diffusion coefficient
Authors: Pinheiro Sávio Augusto Rocha , Corrêa Paulo Cesar , Silva Jeremias Guidine , Zeymer Juliana Soares , de Araujo Marcos Eduardo Viana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the ways to enable and preserve the quality of an agricultural product is through its dehydration. Drying by infrared radiation has been gaining great attention from the industry, as it promotes better heating uniformity, conferring better quality characteristics when compared to traditional drying methods. Thus, this study aimed to model the drying kinetics of pequi slices, subjected to drying by infrared radiation. Pequi fruits (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.), harvested manually in different stages of maturation (green and ripe), with initial moisture contents of 1.06 and 2.20 kga kgdm−1, were used for the green and ripe fruits, respectively. The fruits were peeled and cut into slices approximately 40 mm long and 2 mm thick. The slices were subjected to the infrared drying process under the temperatures of 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95°C. During drying, the effective diffusion coefficient was evaluated. Among the mathematical models that were adjusted to the experimental data, the modified Henderson and Pabis model satisfactorily described the period of decreasing drying rate of pequi slices. During the drying process, the diffusion coefficient increased linearly with temperature, ranging from 8.15 × 10−10 to 1.76 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for green pequi slices and 1.01 × 10−9 to 2.04 × 10−9 m2 s−1 for ripe pequi slices.Practical applicationsPequi fruit is characterized as an important native product of the Brazilian Cerrado, being a considerable source of income for the producing regions. Due to seasonality, there is a need to store the fruits. Thus, this study aims to help researchers and the pequi processing industry, proposing an alternative for marketing in the dehydrated fruit form, by infrared drying, to enable and preserve the quality of the product.
The effect of gestational age at the time of diagnosis on adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with COVID‐19
Authors: Aydın Gültekin Adanaş , Ünal Serhat , Özsoy Hilal Gülsüm Turan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth, preeclampsia (PE), and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in pregnant women with COVID‐19 according to the gestational age.MethodsThis retrospective study included 167 pregnant women who were hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time of diagnosis as follows: <12 weeks of gestation (first trimester, n = 10), 12–24 weeks of gestation (n = 28), and >24 weeks of gestation (n = 129). Medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively and adverse pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 49 (29.3%) patients had an active COVID‐19 infection at the time of delivery, while 118 (70.7%) gave birth after the infection was cleared. Twenty‐three patients had preterm birth and the gestational age was <34 weeks in only four of these patients. There was no significant difference in the preterm birth, PE, FGR, HELLP syndrome, and gestational diabetes mellitus among the three gestation groups (p = 0.271, 0.394, 0.403, 0.763, and 0.664, respectively). Four (2.39%) patients required intensive care unit stay. Maternal death was seen in only one (0.59%) patient.ConclusionOur study showed no significant correlation between the gestational age at the time of COVID‐19 infection and the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, PE, FGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are needed to draw a firm conclusion on this topic.
PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF OILS FROM MYANMAR – A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Bojesen‐Koefoed Jørgen A. , Fyhn Michael B. W. , Nytoft H. Peter , Nielsen Lars H. , Schovsbo Niels H. , Abatzis Ioannis 
Published: September 2021

Myanmar has a long history of petroleum production, but little information has so far been published pertaining to the detailed composition of the country's oils. The present paper reports the results of the analysis of a total of 28 Cenozoic oil samples collected from producing fields/wells or natural seepages in the onshore Salin and Chindwin Basins of the Central Myanmar Depression and from Ramree Island in the Rakhine Coastal Belt. In addition, a set of 68 mudstones and coals from four Oligocene – Paleocene formations were collected along the western margin of the Central Myanmar Depression and were analysed for petroleum generation potential. Data on five oil samples from the Assam Province of India, situated to the north of the Central Myanmar Depression, were also included in the study for comparison purposes.Previous studies have suggested that the Eocene succession in the Central Myanmar Depression includes organic‐rich source rocks. However, none of the analysed rock samples show any potential for the generation of appreciable amounts of liquid petroleum components. The samples were collected at the basin margin and only cover a small fraction of the succession, and they are probably not therefore representative of the actual source rocks present in deeply buried kitchen areas in the Central Myanmar Depression.The oils from the Central Myanmar Depression appear to have been generated from the same overall source type, which is dominated by terrigenous, higher land‐plant –derived kerogen. Several different parameters consistently show clear north–south trends in the Salin Basin with respect to both thermal maturity and source facies. Oils from the Chindwin Basin in the north of the depression can be distinguished from those of the Salin Basin further south using subtle variations in biomarkers. The oils collected from Ramree Island represent a different basin and are easily distinguished in that they are generated from a predominantly marine source rock, albeit one with a significant terrigenous input. However, one sample from Ramree Island was generated from a predominantly terrigenous source, which may suggest the existence of two viable petroleum systems in the Rakhine Coastal Belt or of marked facies variations within the source succession.Oils from the Central Myanmar Depression and the Assam Province of India are remarkably similar, thus suggesting generation from highly similar source rock types, presumably of Eocene age. This could be a result of these two areas being physically connected during the Eocene as suggested by modern plate reconstructions.
SOURCE ROCK EVALUATION AND BASIN MODELLING IN THE GORGAN PLAIN, SE SOUTH CASPIAN BASIN, NORTHERN IRAN
Authors: Zeinalzadeh A. , Sharafi M. , Mirshahani M. , Shirzadi A. 
Published: September 2021

Hydrocarbon exploration in the Gorgan Plain to the SE of the South Caspian Basin (northern Iran) has taken place since the 1960s but no economic resources of petroleum have yet been discovered in this area and few studies of potential source rocks have been carried out. In this study, the generation potential and thermal maturity of potential Cenozoic source rocks are investigated on the basis of Rock‐Eval analyses of core and cuttings samples and organic petrographic observations. Hydrocarbon generation, migration and entrapment are evaluated from 2D basin modelling along two seismically‐derived profiles, oriented east‐west and north‐south across the Gorgan Plain area. The models used input data from ten wells.Rock‐Eval analysis of 65 samples from well C in the Gorgan Plain show that organic‐rich intervals with source rock potential are present in the Paleocene‐Eocene section (1.1% TOC) and in the Pliocene Cheleken Formation (1.5% TOC). These intervals in general contain organic matter of terrigenous origin (kerogen Type III) but have poor hydrocarbon generation potential (i.e. Rock‐Eval S1+S2). There is no evidence for an organic‐rich interval in the Oligocene – Miocene succession equivalent to the Maikop Group – Diatom Formation which is a major source rock in eastern Azerbaijan and the adjacent offshore.Results of 2D basin modelling indicate that potential source rocks in the Paleocene – Eocene and Pliocene (Cheleken Formation) intervals are thermally immature throughout most of the study area, but that their maturity increases westwards towards the centre of the South Caspian Basin due to the increasing thickness of the overburden. The source rocks may be sufficiently mature in kitchen areas (at depths of more than 4000 m) to have generated hydrocarbons which may have migrated laterally updip to the basin margins.
Telomere dysfunction is associated with dark‐induced bleaching in the reef coral Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Rouan Alice , Pousse Mélanie , Tambutté Eric , Djerbi Nadir , Zozaya William , Capasso Laura , Zoccola Didier , Tambutté Sylvie , Gilson Eric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTelomere DNA length is a complex trait controlled by both multiple loci and environmental factors. A growing number of studies are focusing on the impact of stress and stress accumulation on telomere length and the link with survival and fitness in ecological contexts. Here, we investigated the telomere changes occurring in a symbiotic coral, Stylophora pistillata, that has experienced continuous darkness over 6 months. This stress condition led to the loss of its symbionts in a similar manner to that observed during large‐scale bleaching events due to climate changes and anthropogenic activities, threatening reef ecosystems worldwide. We found that continuous darkness was associated with telomere length shortening. This result, together with a phylogenetic analysis of the telomere coral proteins and a transcriptome survey of the continuous darkness condition, paves the way for future studies on the role of telomeres in the coral stress response and the importance of environmentally induced telomere shortening in endangered coral species.
Validation of guidelines for the care of patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: do Nascimento Joni Carlos , Sanches Mariana Bucci , Souza Regina Claudia Silva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundContinuous renal replacement therapy is one of the most frequently used treatments for acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care units (ICUs). It requires professionals with specialized knowledge, specific facilities, and care guidelines to ensure appropriate clinical practice.AimTo validate the care guidelines for patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy.MethodThis is a methodological study regarding consensual validation of the directives of care. These directives followed the formulation of the research question, a literature review, elaboration of the directive, and validation of the agreement by a committee consisting of seven expert judges.ResultsThe data were analysed based on the content validity index and described in four categories. Among 40 care‐related items, 95% showed a degree of agreement above 80% for adequacy and 82.5% showed a degree of agreement above 75% for relevance.ConclusionThe care‐related items identified in the literature showed a high percentage of agreement among the judges and reflected the treatment requirements of these patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe guideline will be important to assist in the care process regarding patient safety and quality of care.
Three‐Dimensional Distribution of Bone‐Resorption Lesions in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Based on the Three‐Pillar Classification
Authors: Liu Guang‐bo , Lu Qiang , Meng Hao‐ye , Quan Qi , Zhang Yu‐xuan , Li Huo , Ma Hai‐yang , Zhao Jun , Wang Peng , Zhou Xue‐feng , Peng Jiang 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate three‐dimensional distribution of bone‐resorptive lesions based on the three‐pillar classification and its effect on the disease progression of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsA total of 194 femoral head CT images from 117 patients diagnosed with ARCO stage II and III ONFH were retrospectively reviewed from April 2014 to February 2019. Three‐dimensional structures of the femoral head and the bone‐resorptive lesions were reconstructed. Using the three‐pillar classification and coronal plane of the femoral head, we divided each femoral head into six regions to observe the location characteristics of bone‐resorption lesions, and explore the destruction of different areas of the femoral head by the bone‐resorptive lesions. Then the hips were divided into two groups based on whether they contained bone‐resorption lesions and compared the difference of stage II and stage III between the two groups.ResultsThe regional distribution revealed 39 (27.27%), 55 (38.46%), six (4.20%), 23 (16.08%), 17 (11.89%) and three (2.10%) bone‐resorptive lesions in regions I, II, III, IV, V and VI respectively. The lateral pillar, AL (I + IV), contained 44.76% of the lesions, central pillar, C (II + V), 48.95%, and medial pillar, M (III + VI), 6.29%. Moreover, there were 81.82% bone‐resorption lesions in anterolateral pillar, AL (I + II + IV), and 18.18% in posteromedial pillar, PM (III + V + VI). In all ONFH hips, the lateral pillar of 81(88.04%) femoral heads were affected, the central pillar of 84 (91.30%) femoral heads were affected, and the medical pillar of 29 (31.52%) femoral heads were affected. The ratio of ARCO stage III in the group with bone‐resorption lesions was significantly higher than that of the group without bone‐resorption lesions (76.09% vs 30.39%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the bone‐resorption lesions are mainly distributed in the lateral and central pillar of the femoral head, and the two pillars of the femoral head are usually involved by bone‐resorption lesions. Furthermore, the ratio of ARCO stage III in the group with bone‐resorption lesions was significantly higher than that of the group without bone‐resorption lesions, suggesting that the bone‐resorption lesions might accelerate the progression of ONFH.
Misdiagnosis of capillary malformations in darker skin phototypes
Authors: Nriagu Bede N. , Sanders Victoria R. , Bercovitch Lionel , Snyder Kristen , Cross Elizabeth A. , Treat James R. , Sheppard Sarah E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the dermatologic medical literature, there is an underrepresentation of conditions in individuals of color. Due to the lack of representation, it may be harder for clinicians to recognize certain diagnoses in patients with darker skin phototypes leading to misdiagnosis and affecting overall patient management, outcomes, and satisfaction. Here, we present four Black or Indigenous People of Color who were initially referred for hyperpigmentation, hemihyperplasia, or café au lait spots and found to have syndromic capillary malformations.
On the semantics of artifactual kind terms
Authors: Olivero Irene , Carrara Massimiliano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhat kind of reference (if any) do terms such as “pencil,” “chair,” “television,” and so on have? On the matter, a debate between directly referential theorists and descriptivist theorists is open. It is largely acknowledged that natural kind terms (such as “water,” “gold,” “tiger,” etc.) are directly referential expressions (cf. Putnam, 1975). That is, they are expressions whose reference is determined by their referents' nature, independent of whether we know or will ever know what this nature is. However, it does not seem likewise convincing that all artifactual kind terms (like “pencil,” “chair,” “television,” etc.) semantically behave the same. Terms for artifactual kinds seem more likely to be subjected to a descriptivist view, that is, definable not by links to their extensions' nature but in terms of conjunctions or clusters of properties. In his celebrated “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” (1975), Hilary Putnam originated the mentioned debate by arguing that artifactual kind terms also refer directly. Thus, the discussion ultimately revolves around establishing whether artifactual and natural kind terms are both directly referential expressions. The authors engaged in this debate have tried to argue in favor of (or against) Putnam's proposal by highlighting the similarities (or differences) between natural vis‐à‐vis artifactual kind words and their respective referents. This paper aims to provide a thorough and reasoned overview of the debate at stake, pointing out trends and problems associated with each proposed account.
Social construction and the diffusion of anti‐trafficking laws in the U.S.
Authors: Blanton Robert G. , Jones Peter A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman trafficking is a compelling and persistent problem that has attracted a great amount of attention among political leaders, government institutions, NGOs, and nonprofit organizations. While there is consensus that trafficking necessitates a multipronged policy response commonly known as the “3Ps” (prosecution, protection, and prevention), anti‐trafficking policies diffused across U.S. states in a piecemeal fashion. In this paper, we explore the fragmented diffusion of the different types of anti‐trafficking laws. Drawing from social constructivist approaches, we posit that the differential diffusion rates depend on the social construction of the target population and policy intention of the law. Using event history analysis, we examine the diffusion of 14 types of human trafficking laws throughout the U.S. during 2003–2013. We find strong support for our hypotheses and show substantial differences in the rates at which prosecution, protection, and prevention‐related laws diffuse.
Boosting the Understanding and Approval of Anti‐Corona Measures–Reducing Exponential Growth Bias and its Effects through Educational Nudges
Authors: Jäckle Sebastian , Ettensperger Felix 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne major problem of compliance with anti‐coronavirus measures originates from the so‐called exponential growth bias, i.e. the cognitive distortion of systematically underestimating exponential growth and its consequences. We replicate an Amazon MTurk experiment regarding the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 that was conducted in the general US population during the first wave of the pandemic in March 2020 dealing with this bias. Using a least‐likely‐design‐approach, we find a similarly strong bias in our sample of German students in November 2020. Nevertheless, this bias can be reduced by one simple educational intervention. Furthermore, participants who received these educational nudges showed a considerably higher approval rating for contact restrictions. This effect is robust to different analytical techniques and the inclusion of controls. Complementing political statements about the exponential spread of the virus – which often only mention the name of the phenomenon – with simple educational nudges could help the public better understand the need for encroachments on personal liberties.
Vertebral heart size and vertebral left atrial size reference ranges in healthy Maltese dogs
Authors: Baisan Radu Andrei , Vulpe Vasile 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe most common cardiac measurements on thoracic radiography in veterinary medicine are vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS). Previously published studies have demonstrated evidence that reference ranges for these measures vary among different dog breeds, however reference ranges for Maltese breed dogs are currently lacking. We hypothesized that VHS and VLAS in healthy Maltese dogs would not be influenced by sex, age, or bodyweight. This retrospective, reference interval study aimed to describe reference intervals for VHS and VLAS in a sample of clinically healthy Maltese dogs and assess the intra‐ and interobserver variabilities for VLAS and VHS measurements. A total of 81 clinically healthy Maltese dogs were included, with healthy status being based on a complete cardiologic examination. Thoracic radiography in right lateral recumbency was performed for all dogs. The intra‐ and interobserver variability assessments of VHS and VLAS were based on measurements independently performed by three observers. The mean VHS was 9.53 ± 0.46 vertebrae (v). The median and interquartile range (IQR) for VLAS was 2 v (IQR, 1.8‐2.1v). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was observed between VHS and VLAS (P < .01,r = 0.416). Both VHS and VLAS showed an almost perfect intraobserver agreement. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for VHS and substantial for VLAS. Findings supported previous studies recommending the use of breed‐specific reference values for VHS and VLAS, and provided background data for future radiographic evaluations of Maltese dogs with clinical signs of cardiac disease.
Tuning Crumpled Sheets for An Enhanced Flexoelectric Response
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Lingling , Wang Binglei , Yang Shengyou , Sharma Pradeep 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Flexoelectricity is a universal phenomenon present in all dielectrics that couples electrical polarization to strain gradients and vice-versa. Thus, structures and configurations that permit large strain gradients facilitate the design of an enhanced electromechanical coupling. In a recent work, we demonstrated the prospects for using crumpling of essentially arbitrary thin sheets for energy harvesting. Crumples, with their defect-like nature, admit singular and rapidly varying deformation fields and are thus ideal for engineering sharp non-uniformities in the strain field. In this work, we consider how to tune the design of crumpled sheets for a significant flexoelectric response. Specifically, we analytically derive the electromechanical coupling for a thin crumpled sheet with varying thickness and graded Young’s modulus as key design variables. We show that the electromechanical coupling of such crumpled sheets can be tuned to be nearly five times those of the homogeneous film.