bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal strategies to identify aggressive biology in precancerous breast biopsies
Authors: Frankhauser David E. , Jovanovic‐Talisman Tijana , Lai Lily , Yee Lisa D. , Wang Lihong V. , Mahabal Ashish , Geradts Joseph , Rockne Russell C. , Tomsic Jerneja , Jones Veronica , Sistrunk Christopher , Miranda‐Carboni Gustavo , Dietze Eric C. , Erhunmwunsee Loretta , Hyslop Terry , Seewaldt Victoria L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOver 90% of breast cancer is cured; yet there remain highly aggressive breast cancers that develop rapidly and are extremely difficult to treat, much less prevent. Breast cancers that rapidly develop between breast image screening are called “interval cancers.” The efforts of our team focus on identifying multiscale integrated strategies to identify biologically aggressive precancerous breast lesions. Our goal is to identify spatiotemporal changes that occur prior to development of interval breast cancers. To accomplish this requires integration of new technology. Our team has the ability to perform single cell in situ transcriptional profiling, noncontrast biological imaging, mathematical analysis, and nanoscale evaluation of receptor organization and signaling. These technological innovations allow us to start to identify multidimensional spatial and temporal relationships that drive the transition from biologically aggressive precancer to biologically aggressive interval breast cancer.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Computational Models
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Short‐term cold storage of seminal samples of the golden lancehead pitviper (Bothrops insularis)
Authors: da Silva Kalena Barros , Frediani Mayra Hespanhol , Angrimani Daniel de Souza Ramos , Coeti Rafaela Zani , Pereira Ricardo José Garcia , Nichi Marcílio , de Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAssisted reproductive technologies such as cooling, freezing, and artificial insemination are essential in conserving genetic diversity of critically endangered reptiles like the golden lancehead pitviper (Bothrops insularis). Therefore, we examined viability of semen samples from captive golden lanceheads diluted in coconut‐water based extender over a 48‐h period of cooling (5°C). Semen evaluations were performed immediately after the dilution and at 6, 24, and 48 h, using computer‐assisted sperm analysis and stains to assess plasma membrane and acrosomal status. Our findings showed that the extender and protocol employed here were effective in preserving golden lancehead pitviper spermatozoa for a short periods of time (48 h), allowing semen samples to be transported to distant locations for immediate use without the setbacks of cryopreservation.
Grading fecal consistency in an omnivorous carnivore, the brown bear: Abandoning the concept of uniform feces
Authors: De Cuyper Annelies , Clauss Marcus , Lens Luc , Strubbe Diederik , Zedrosser Andreas , Steyaert Sam , Saravia Arturo Muñoz , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGrading the fecal consistency of carnivores is a frequently used tool for monitoring gut health and overall digestion. Several fecal consistency grading systems are available for mainly felids and canids. No such system exists for the brown bear (Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758). We aim at extending current fecal consistency grading systems with a scoring system for brown bears. The system was set up during a diet study with nine individuals fed a variety of diets including beef meat, rabbit, fruit, and grass‐fruit‐pellet mix in an incomplete crossover design. One additional individual was included opportunistically and was fed the typical zoo diet (vegetable‐fruit‐meat‐pellet diet). All feces from the collection period were photographed, graded by “handling the feces” and visually inspected for dietary components. Based on a total of 446 feces, a six‐point scale for uniform fecal consistencies was established. In 11% of all feces, two distinct consistencies could be distinguished, a feature that appears in other carnivore species as well. Hence, an additional grading system for dual consistencies was developed. The fecal consistency of brown bears is heavily dependent on the diet items processed before defecation with the general observation that the more vegetation or whole prey, the firmer the feces, and at certain proportions of the latter, the higher the chance for dual fecal consistencies to occur. The results indicate that in bears, diet may have a strong effect on fecal consistency, hampering animal health assessments without prior knowledge of the diet.
Neutrino oscillations in matter: from microscopic to macroscopic description
Authors: Akhmedov Evgeny 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Neutrino flavour transmutations in nonuniform matter are described by a Schrödinger-like evolution equation with coordinate-dependent potential. In all the derivations of this equation it is assumed that the potential, which is due to coherent forward scattering of neutrinos on matter constituents, is a continuous function of coordinate that changes slowly over the distances of the order of the neutrino de Broglie wavelength. This tacitly assumes that some averaging of the microscopic potential (which takes into account the discrete nature of the scatterers) has been performed. The averaging, however, must be applied to the microscopic evolution equation as a whole and not just to the potential. Such an averaging has never been explicitly carried out. We fill this gap by considering the transition from the microscopic to macroscopic neutrino evolution equation through a proper averaging procedure. We discuss some subtleties related to this procedure and establish the applicability domain of the standard macroscopic evolution equation. This, in particular, allows us to answer the question of when neutrino propagation in rarefied media (such as e.g. low-density gases or interstellar or intergalactic media) can be considered within the standard theory of neutrino flavour evolution in matter.
Eri Jabotinsky, mathematician and politician: a short biography
Authors: Gronau Detlef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite the fact that Eri Jabotinsky (1910–1969) published only few (i.e. fourteen) mathematical papers, some of them had a remarkable influence in iteration theory. But also his life was remakable. Eri was the son of the famous Zionist Revisionist leader Vladimir Ze’ev Jabotinsky. Eri Jabotinsky was active in the Zionist movement and later as parlamentarian in the Knesset. Here we give an outline of his live and a complete list of his publications.
The intersection graph of a finite simple group has diameter at most 5
Authors: Freedman Saul D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLet G be a non-abelian finite simple group. In addition, let $$\Delta _G$$

Δ
G

be the intersection graph of G, whose vertices are the proper non-trivial subgroups of G, with distinct subgroups joined by an edge if and only if they intersect non-trivially. We prove that the diameter of $$\Delta _G$$

Δ
G

has a tight upper bound of 5, thereby resolving a question posed by Shen (Czechoslov Math J 60(4):945–950, 2010). Furthermore, a diameter of 5 is achieved only by the baby monster group and certain unitary groups of odd prime dimension.
Context-dependent roles of YAP/TAZ in stem cell fates and cancer
Authors: LeBlanc Lucy , Ramirez Nereida , Kim Jonghwan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHippo effectors YAP and TAZ control cell fate and survival through various mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation of key genes. However, much of this research has been marked by conflicting results, as well as controversy over whether YAP and TAZ are redundant. A substantial portion of the discordance stems from their contradictory roles in stem cell self-renewal vs. differentiation and cancer cell survival vs. apoptosis. In this review, we present an overview of the multiple context-dependent functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating cell fate decisions in stem cells and organoids, as well as their mechanisms of controlling programmed cell death pathways in cancer.
An Explicit Large Deviation Analysis of the Spatial Cycle Huang–Yang–Luttinger Model
Authors: Adams Stefan , Dickson Matthew 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe introduce a family of ‘spatial’ random cycle Huang–Yang–Luttinger (HYL)-type models in which the counter-term only affects cycles longer than some cut-off that diverges in the thermodynamic limit. Here, spatial refers to the Poisson reference process of random cycle weights. We derive large deviation principles and explicit pressure expressions for these models, and use the zeroes of the rate functions to study Bose–Einstein condensation. The main focus is a large deviation analysis for the diverging counter term where we identify three different regimes depending on the scale of divergence with respect to the main large deviation scale. Our analysis derives explicit bounds in critical regimes using the Poisson nature of the random cycle distributions.
Akuter Winkelblock
Authors: Nuessle S. , Luebke J. , Boehringer D. , Reinhard T. , Anton A. 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Symptome des akuten Winkelblocks, ein Notfallereignis, das ohne rechtzeitige Therapie zur irreversiblen Erblindung führen kann, sind vielfältig. Diese können initial als internistische oder neurologische Erkrankungen gedeutet werden, wenn Kopfschmerzen, Pupillenstarre oder Übelkeit im Vordergrund stehen. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Rate belastender und invasiver Diagnostik durch primäre Vorstellung bei Nichtophthalmologen bei akutem primären Winkelblock zu erfassen.

Methode
Retrospektive Single-Center-Studie von Patienten mit akutem primärem Winkelblock. Zur Identifizierung dieser wurden alle Patienten erfasst, bei denen im Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Klinik für Augenheilkunde im Zeitraum 2014–2018 eine chirurgische Iridektomie (5-133.0) oder Iridotomie durch Laser (5-136.1) durchgeführt wurde. Anschließend erfolgte durch Akteneinsicht die Datenanalyse zur Prüfung der Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien sowie des Krankheitsverlaufs.

Ergebnisse
Eingeschlossen wurden 91 Patienten mit akutem primären Winkelblock. Davon stellten sich 28 % (n = 25) initial bei nichtophthalmologischen Fachdisziplinen vor. In dieser Patientengruppe erhielten 56 % (n = 11) eine nichtzielführende Diagnostik, wobei bei 32 % (n = 8) eine kraniale Bildgebung und bei 8 % (n = 2) eine Lumbalpunktion durchgeführt wurde.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei akutem primären Winkelblock zeigt sich eine hohe Rate an nicht wegweisender Diagnostik durch Nichtophthalmologen, weshalb dieses Krankheitsbild fächerübergreifend präsent sein sollte. Bei unspezifischen Symptomen, wie Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit und Erbrechen sowie Pupillenstarre, muss an die Möglichkeit eines akuten Augeninnendruckanstiegs durch einen akuten Winkelblock gedacht und das frühzeitige Hinzuziehen eines Ophthalmologen erwogen werden.
Organoids of the female reproductive tract
Authors: Chumduri Cindrilla , Turco Margherita Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHealthy functioning of the female reproductive tract (FRT) depends on balanced and dynamic regulation by hormones during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and childbirth. The mucosal epithelial lining of different regions of the FRT—ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina—facilitates the selective transport of gametes and successful transfer of the zygote to the uterus where it implants and pregnancy takes place. It also prevents pathogen entry. Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) organoid systems from the FRT now provide crucial experimental models that recapitulate the cellular heterogeneity and physiological, anatomical and functional properties of the organ in vitro. In this review, we summarise the state of the art on organoids generated from different regions of the FRT. We discuss the potential applications of these powerful in vitro models to study normal physiology, fertility, infections, diseases, drug discovery and personalised medicine.
Reoperations are few and confined to the most valgus phenotypes 4 years after unrestricted calipered kinematically aligned TKA
Authors: Howell Stephen M. , Gill Manpreet , Shelton Trevor J. , Nedopil Alexander J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The present study determined the postoperative phenotypes after unrestricted calipered kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), whether any phenotypes were associated with reoperation, implant revision, and lower outcome scores at 4 years, and whether the proportion of TKAs within each phenotype was comparable to those of the nonarthritic contralateral limb.

Methods
From 1117 consecutive primary TKAs treated by one surgeon with unrestricted calipered KA, an observer identified all patients (N = 198) that otherwise had normal paired femora and tibiae on a long-leg CT scanogram. In both legs, the distal femur–mechanical axis angle (FMA), proximal tibia–mechanical axis angle (TMA), and the hip–knee–ankle angle (HKA) were measured. Each alignment angle was assigned to one of Hirschmann’s five FMA, five TMA, and seven HKA phenotype categories.

Results
Three TKAs (1.5%) underwent reoperation for anterior knee pain or patellofemoral instability in the subgroup of patients with the more valgus phenotypes. There were no implant revisions for component loosening, wear, or tibiofemoral instability. The median Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) was similar between phenotypes. The median Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was similar between the TMA and HKA phenotypes and greatest in the most varus FMA phenotype. The phenotype proportions after calipered KA TKA were comparable to the contralateral leg.

Conclusion
Unrestricted calipered KA’s restoration of the wide range of phenotypes did not result in implant revision or poor FJS and OKS scores at a mean follow-up of 4 years. The few reoperated patients had a more valgus setting of the prosthetic trochlea than recommended for mechanical alignment. Designing a femoral component specifically for KA that restores patellofemoral kinematics with all phenotypes, especially the more valgus ones, is a strategy for reducing reoperation risk.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic, Level III
Blutspurenmusteranalyse trägt zur Aufklärung eines vorgetäuschten Raubüberfalls bei
Authors: Bützler I. M. , Rothschild M. A. , Kamphausen T. 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungEin Mann wurde nicht ansprechbar mit einer Schnittverletzung am Hals in seiner Kfz-Werkstatt aufgefunden. Er berichtete, von hinten überfallen, ausgeraubt und mit einem scharfen Gegenstand am Hals verletzt worden zu sein. Eine Blutspurenmusteranalyse und Plausibilitätsprüfung der Angaben des Mannes ergab Hinweise auf eine Selbstbeibringung und darauf, dass das Handlungsgeschehen mehrphasig ablief. Als Tatwerkzeug wurde ein Teppichmesser, in einem Ölfass versteckt, gefunden. Nach umfangreichen Ermittlungen konnten ein Tatverdächtiger entlastet und der Verletzte wegen Vortäuschung einer Straftat verurteilt werden.
Assembly of a Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase multicomponent system from Phenylobacterium immobile E DSM 1986 enables pyrazon cis-dihydroxylation in E. coli
Authors: Hunold Andreas , Escobedo-Hinojosa Wendy , Potoudis Elsa , Resende Daniela , Farr Theresa , Syrén Per-Olof , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Phenylobacterium immobile strain E is a soil bacterium with a striking metabolism relying on xenobiotics, such as the herbicide pyrazon, as sole carbon source instead of more bioavailable molecules. Pyrazon is a heterocyclic aromatic compound of environmental concern and its biodegradation pathway has only been reported in P. immobile. The multicomponent pyrazon oxygenase (PPO), a Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase, incorporates molecular oxygen at the 2,3 position of the pyrazon phenyl moiety as first step of degradation, generating a cis-dihydrodiendiol. The aim of this work was to identify the genes encoding for each one of the PPO components and enable their functional assembly in Escherichia coli. P. immobile strain E genome sequencing revealed genes encoding for RO components, such as ferredoxin-, reductase-, α- and β-subunits of an oxygenase. Though, P. immobile E displays three prominent differences with respect to the ROs currently characterized: (1) an operon-like organization for PPO is absent, (2) all the elements are randomly scattered in its DNA, (3) not only one, but 19 different α-subunits are encoded in its genome. Herein, we report the identification of the PPO components involved in pyrazon cis-dihydroxylation in P. immobile, its appropriate assembly, and its functional reconstitution in E. coli. Our results contributes with the essential missing pieces to complete the overall elucidation of the PPO from P. immobile.

Key points
• Phenylobacterium immobile E DSM 1986 harbors the only described pyrazon oxygenase (PPO).
• We elucidated the genes encoding for all PPO components.
• Heterologous expression of PPO enabled pyrazon dihydroxylation in E. coli JW5510.
Tracking changes in adaptation to suspension growth for MDCK cells: cell growth correlates with levels of metabolites, enzymes and proteins
Authors: Pech Sabine , Rehberg Markus , Janke Robert , Benndorf Dirk , Genzel Yvonne , Muth Thilo , Sickmann Albert , Rapp Erdmann , Reichl Udo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Adaptations of animal cells to growth in suspension culture concern in particular viral vaccine production, where very specific aspects of virus-host cell interaction need to be taken into account to achieve high cell specific yields and overall process productivity. So far, the complexity of alterations on the metabolism, enzyme, and proteome level required for adaptation is only poorly understood. In this study, for the first time, we combined several complex analytical approaches with the aim to track cellular changes on different levels and to unravel interconnections and correlations. Therefore, a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) suspension cell line, adapted earlier to growth in suspension, was cultivated in a 1-L bioreactor. Cell concentrations and cell volumes, extracellular metabolite concentrations, and intracellular enzyme activities were determined. The experimental data set was used as the input for a segregated growth model that was already applied to describe the growth dynamics of the parental adherent cell line. In addition, the cellular proteome was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using a label-free protein quantification method to unravel altered cellular processes for the suspension and the adherent cell line. Four regulatory mechanisms were identified as a response of the adaptation of adherent MDCK cells to growth in suspension. These regulatory mechanisms were linked to the proteins caveolin, cadherin-1, and pirin. Combining cell, metabolite, enzyme, and protein measurements with mathematical modeling generated a more holistic view on cellular processes involved in the adaptation of an adherent cell line to suspension growth.

Key points
• Less and more efficient glucose utilization for suspension cell growth
• Concerted alteration of metabolic enzyme activity and protein expression
• Protein candidates to interfere glycolytic activity in MDCK cells
[18F]FMISO PET/CT imaging of hypoxia as a non-invasive biomarker of disease progression and therapy efficacy in a preclinical model of pulmonary fibrosis: comparison with the [18F]FDG PET/CT approach
Authors: Tanguy Julie , Goirand Françoise , Bouchard Alexanne , Frenay Jame , Moreau Mathieu , Mothes Céline , Oudot Alexandra , Helbling Alex , Guillemin Mélanie , Bonniaud Philippe , Cochet Alexandre , Collin Bertrand , Bellaye Pierre-Simon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with poor outcome and limited therapeutic options. Imaging of IPF is limited to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) which is often not sufficient for a definite diagnosis and has a limited impact on therapeutic decision and patient management. Hypoxia of the lung is a significant feature of IPF but its role on disease progression remains elusive. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate hypoxia imaging with [18F]FMISO as a predictive biomarker of disease progression and therapy efficacy in preclinical models of lung fibrosis in comparison with [18F]FDG.

Methods
Eight-week-old C57/BL6 mice received an intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM) at day (D) 0 to initiate lung fibrosis. Mice received pirfenidone (300 mg/kg) or nintedanib (60 mg/kg) by daily gavage from D9 to D23. Mice underwent successive PET/CT imaging at several stages of the disease (baseline, D8/D9, D15/D16, D22/D23) with [18F]FDG and [18F]FMISO. Histological determination of the lung expression of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 was performed at D23.

Results
We demonstrate that mean lung density on CT as well as [18F]FDG and [18F]FMISO uptakes are upregulated in established lung fibrosis (1.4-, 2.6- and 3.2-fold increase respectively). At early stages, lung areas with [18F]FMISO uptake are still appearing normal on CT scans and correspond to areas which will deteriorate towards fibrotic lesions at later timepoints. Nintedanib and pirfenidone dramatically and rapidly decreased mean lung density on CT as well as [18F]FDG and [18F]FMISO lung uptakes (pirfenidone: 1.2-, 2.9- and 2.6-fold decrease; nintedanib: 1.2-, 2.3- and 2.5-fold decrease respectively). Early [18F]FMISO lung uptake was correlated with aggressive disease progression and better nintedanib efficacy.

Conclusion
[18F]FMISO PET imaging is a promising tool to early detect and monitor lung fibrosis progression and therapy efficacy.
Serial dictatorship mechanisms with reservation prices: heterogeneous objects
Authors: Klaus Bettina , Nichifor Alexandru 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe adapt a set of mechanisms introduced by Klaus and Nichifor (Econ Theory 70:665–684, 2020), serial dictatorship mechanisms with (individual) reservation prices, to the allocation of heterogeneous indivisible objects, e.g., specialist clinic appointments. We show how the characterization of serial dictatorship mechanisms with reservation prices for homogeneous indivisible objects (Klaus and Nichifor 2020, Theorem 1) can be adapted to the allocation of heterogeneous indivisible objects by adding neutrality: mechanism $$\varphi $$
φ
satisfies minimal tradability, individual rationality, strategy-proofness, consistency, independence of unallocated objects, neutrality, and non wasteful tie-breaking if and only if there exists a reservation price vector r and a priority ordering $$\succ $$
≻
such that $$\varphi $$
φ
is a serial dictatorship mechanism with reservation prices based on r and $$\succ $$
≻
.