bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally Acquired Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Cassava Improves Nutrient and Anti-dysbiosis Activity of Soy Tempeh
Authors: Kusuma Rio , Widada Jaka , Huriyati Emy , Julia Madarina 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Gut microbiota dysbiosis indicated by increased gram-negative bacteria and reduced Firmicutes-producing short chain fatty acids bacteria has been linked with impairment in glucose metabolism. Tempeh is traditional fermented soy food that can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. In Indonesia, some tempeh was produced by adding acidifier that contains lactic acid bacteria. This process may impact the nutrient and anti-dysbiosis activity of tempeh.
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of acidifier on nutrient and gut microbiota profile of diabetic animal model.
Method: Modified tempeh was made by addition of water extract of fermented cassava. Standard and modified tempeh were subjected to proximate analysis and dietary fibre. Diabetic animals were received standard tempeh or modified tempeh diet replacing 15% and 30% of protein in the diet for 4 weeks of intervention. At the end of experiment, caecal content was collected. Short chain fatty acids and microbiota composition were analysed using 16s rDNA next generation sequencing (NGS).
Result: There is significant different (p<0.05) on fat, protein, water and dietary fibre content between regular soy tempeh and modified tempeh. There is significant different (p<0.05) on serum glucose and short chain fatty acid composition among group. Diabetic animal has low ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Supplementation of both tempeh increased bacterial diversity, Firmicutes /Bacteroidetes ratio and short chain fatty acids producing bacteria.
Conclusion: Addition of naturally occurred lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava during tempeh processing improved both nutrient and microbiota composition in the gut of diabetes mellitus.
Chapitre 1. Medical ethics and therapeutic knowledge in China: a perspective on historical foundations, encounters, internationalisation and co-construction
Authors: Micollier Évelyne 
Published: December 2021

Dans le contexte chinois, les contacts présents et passés entre plusieurs traditions médicales ont transformé le système de santé et de soins ainsi que l’éthique médicale. Les idées, pratiques et expériences liées à la santé donnent à voir un paysage pluriel redessiné au gré d’influences diverses. Résultant également de ces échanges et recompositions multiples, l’éthique révèle des caractéristiques héritées de la tradition chinoise et d’autres traditions auxquelles s’ajoutent des éléments qui reflètent un ordre, un droit et des normes internationales. Dans la Chine post-maoïste (Ère de la Réforme, post-1979), les sciences médicales se développent dans le cadre plus large de la transition économique et sociale tandis que, à partir des années 2000, la Chine devient progressivement un acteur performant en R&D, recherche technologique et en sciences fondamentales. Pour notre propos, deux formulations de principes éthiques, l’une datant de la période de la Chine impériale tardive, l’autre des années 1980, ont été sélectionnées. Elles révèlent toutes deux des « tournants historiques » de l’éthique médicale, de la médecine et du domaine plus étendu de la santé s’inscrivant en cohérence avec des transformations drastiques de la société chinoise incluant celles de valeurs et de normes. Le chapitre est organisé en trois sections : les deux formulations de principes et leurs significations situées sont discutées au prisme des changements et des rencontres. La situation de l’éthique de la médecine chinoise ainsi que le processus de co-construction des connaissances à ce sujet, sont examinés dans le contexte d’une Chine qui se globalise plus rapidement à partir des années 2000. Afin de faciliter la compréhension du lecteur, les principes des deux formulations analysées dans les deux premières sections sont énumérés à la fin du chapitre.
Entre « L’Hôte » et « Le Renégat ».Une Méditerranée camusienne actuelle ?
Authors: Rufat Hélène 
Published: December 2021

Alors que l’Algérie française fait encore partie de l’Europe d’après-guerre, et que les premiers conflits d’indépendance ont déjà éclaté, Albert Camus met en scène, dans ses nouvelles « L’Hôte » et « Le Renégat », un « choc des cultures [...] flagrant » et une « barrière de civilisation [qui semble] infranchissable » (J. Guérin), avec des personnages qui évoluent éloignés de la mer Méditerranée. Cependant, en toile de fond, l’écrivain fait jouer une méditerranéité qu’il fréquente depuis sa jeunesse et qui alimente un « esprit méditerranéen » toujours disposé à inclure les altérités et à établir des dialogues. Cette étude s’intéresse à la géographie méditerranéenne de l’œuvre camusienne qui se dessine par dichotomies, à la recherche d’une tension dynamique et créatrice entre ses pôles, pour tendre vers une mesure qui assume ses limites. L’analyse des symboles et des mythes évoqués par Camus oriente la conclusion vers l’identification d’un mythe d’Euphorion potentiel, représentant d’une nouvelle « méditerranéisation de la pensée » faisant de l’écrivain un « philosophe de la relation ».
Mare Nostrum : une frontière anthropophage dans Cannibales (1999) de Mahi Binebine
Authors: Benbella Bouchra 
Published: December 2021

Mare nostrum n’est plus un espace de libre circulation, de partage et d’échange de cultures. C’est une muraille infranchissable, un tombeau maritime de despérados, victimes de la misère et de la désinsertion sociale dans leurs propres pays. Ces damnés des temps modernes sont contraints de « brûler » cette frontière aquatique insatiablement anthropophage, après avoir brûlé leur identité, dans l’espoir d’une vie meilleure. Partir se veut donc l’expression d’une difficulté existentielle et d’un profond désespoir qui les poussent à risquer la mort pour, peut-être, renaître dans un ailleurs euphorique. Nous allons essayer de montrer comment Mahi Binebine a, dans Cannibales, abordé cette tragédie humaine en réaction à l’apathie anesthésiante de certains journalistes vis-à-vis de ce sujet brûlant, en l’inscrivant dans une dimension littéraire par le recours à une esthétique de l’horreur comme procédé de conscientisation.
La représentation de l’histoire et le motif du jardin d’Éden dans Beatus ille et La noche de los tiempos d’Antonio Muñoz Molina
Authors: Merlos Lucas 
Published: December 2021

Cet article rend compte de la présence du motif du jardin d’Éden et de sa signification dans deux romans d’Antonio Muñoz Molina, Beatus ille (1986) et La noche de los tiempos (2009). Il propose une approche descriptive qui répertorie les occurrences de ce motif et ses ramifications – la rencontre amoureuse, la métaphore de l’île et du refuge, l’expulsion et l’exil – avant de proposer une interprétation idéologique de cette poétique qui montre que ce motif s’inscrit dans des structures narratives polarisées autour de la triade paradis/expulsion/exil qui font écho à la mémoire dominante du passé récent de l’Espagne contemporaine qui fait de la Transition un moment de réconciliation et de rédemption collective.
Les citoyens évaluent-ils correctement la qualité de la démocratie dans leur pays ?
Authors: Egger Clara , Magni-Berton Raul 
Published: December 2021

En comparant les données individuelles des enquêtes European Values Studies (EVS) sur la perception subjective du caractère démocratique du pays de résidence avec plusieurs indicateurs de la qualité de la démocratie pour 23 pays, nous montrons que l’évaluation subjective et les indicateurs internationaux de la qualité démocratique sont fortement associés au niveau agrégé. Nous analysons ensuite ce résultat en évaluant les caractéristiques des personnes dont la perception subjective des processus démocratiques correspond le mieux aux indicateurs internationaux. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un modèle analytique suggérant deux explications de la fiabilité individuelle de la prédiction, à savoir : 1. le niveau de sophistication et de compétence politique ; 2. le fait de se trouver du côté des perdants de la compétition politique. Nos résultats montrent que les citoyens ont une bonne perception des qualités et des défauts des démocraties dans lesquelles ils vivent. Ils suggèrent également que cette compétence joue un rôle important dans l’explication de la stabilité démocratique et de la résilience des systèmes démocratiques dans le monde.
Mimics and chameleons of COVID-19: patient presentation and accuracy of triage during the first wave
Authors: Jauslin Andrea S. , Simon Noemi R. , Giudici Nina L. , Rueegg Marco , Zimmermann Tobias , Diebold Matthias , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah , Twerenbold Raphael , Nickel Christian H. , Bingisser Roland 
Published: December 2021

STUDY AIMS: To quantify mimics and chameleons of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the triage protocol, and to describe the resulting groups of mimics and chameleons – including their presenting symptoms and final diagnoses.
METHODS: Diagnostic accuracy study including all adult patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the emergency department of the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland during the first wave of pandemic in spring 2020. Diagnostic accuracy of triage was determined by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratio. Triage to the group of suspected (+) and not suspected (–) COVID-19 was considered the index test, whereas a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test result was used as reference standard. Mimics were defined as false positives and chameleons as false negatives.
RESULTS: Of 2898 patients included in the analysis, 191 were true positives, 895 were false positives (mimics), 9 were false negatives (chameleons) and 1803 were true negatives. This resulted in a sensitivity of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–0.98) and a specificity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.65–0.69) for standardised triage. Among mimics, the main categories of final diagnoses were other infections (n = 513, 57.3%), cardiovascular diseases (excluding cerebrovascular) (n = 125, 14%), and non-infectious diseases of the respiratory system (n = 84, 9.4%). Fever (n = 357, 39.9% vs n = 104, 54.5%), cough (n = 466, 52.1% vs n = 126 66%), and smell or taste dysfunction (n = 60, 6.7% vs n = 24, 12.6%) were less frequently observed in mimics than in COVID-19 patients. Eight of nine COVID-19 chameleons presented with either nonspecific complaints (weakness and/or fatigue) or gastrointestinal symptoms.
CONCLUSION: The quantitative assessment of COVID-19 mimics and chameleons showed a high prevalence of mimics. Clinical differentiation between true positives and false positives is not feasible due to largely overlapping symptoms. Prevalence of chameleons was very low.
KAFKAS/DOĞU CEPHESİ’NDE TÜRK ORDUSUNUN İAŞE VE İKMAL DURUMU
Authors: ÇELOĞLU Yavuz Selim 
Published: December 2021

Orduların muharebe kabiliyetini doğrudan etkileyen lojistik faktörlerin başında iaşe ve ikmal hizmetleri gelir. Zira bu hizmetler, yalnızca harp zamanlarında değil sükûnetin hȃkim olduğu zamanlarda da kesintisiz olarak yürütülmesi gereken faaliyetlerdendir. Olağanüstü bir mücadelenin verildiği harp zamanlarında ise bu hizmetlerin önemi bir kat daha artar. Öyle ki muharebeler esnasında askerlerin yaşadığı büyük enerji kaybının zamanında karşılanamaması orduyu bedensel ve ruhsal açıdan çöküntüye uğratır.
Çalışmada, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Kafkas Cephesinin savunulmasını üstlenen 3. Ordunun iaşe ve ikmal faaliyetleri ele alındı. Bu kapsamda iaşe maddelerinin temini, depolanması ve orduya ulaştırılması süreci incelenerek ordunun iaşe hususunda yaşadığı zorluklar ile bunların nedenleri ortaya konuldu. Böylece iaşe ve ikmal hizmetlerinin Türk ordusunun muharebe gücüne etkisi ve harbin gidişatı üzerindeki tesiri ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Çalışma, harbin başlangıcından 18 Aralık 1917 tarihli Erzincan Mukavelenamesinin imzalanmasına kadar geçen süre ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Conhecimento de profissionais de saúde do SUS acerca da paracoccidioidomicose no município de Valença-RJ.
Authors: Cassarotti Thaís Helena , Maciel Thaynara Alves de Souza , Sangenis Luiz Henrique Conde 
Published: December 2021

A paracoccidioidomicose é a micose sistêmica mais importante da América Latina. Representa importante problema de saúde pública por ter alto potencial incapacitante, principalmente para parcelas como os trabalhadores rurais, que apresentam grandes deficiências de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Apesar de muito comum, ainda é pouco conhecida, impondo uma série de desafios para o Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil. O presente estudo objetivou investigar o conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde (médicos, odontólogos e enfermeiros) que atuam no SUS do município de Valença-RJ a respeito da paracoccidioidomicose. Cerca de 60% dos médicos responderam não estar aptos para diagnosticar e tratar a doença. Entre odontólogos e enfermeiros foi constatado grande desconhecimento acerca da doença. Entre os odontólogos 67% afirmaram já terem ouvido falar da paracoccidioidomicose, no entanto nenhum deles sabia como diagnosticar e tratar. Entre os enfermeiros, 75% nunca tinham ouvido falar da doença. Considerando o baixo conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde a respeito da paracoccidioidomicose revelados por este estudo e que o Brasil apresenta altas taxas de endemicidade, torna-se necessário investir no ensino e na capacitação de todos os profissionais de saúde que atuam no SUS para melhora da abordagem e do manejo da doença.
Recruiting Racially Minoritized Students to Optometry School
Authors: Alberto Christian , Albieri Guilherme 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Enrollment inequities among racially minoritized (RM) students is an ongoing challenge facing health professions programs in the United States, including optometry schools. Consideration of RM students’ representation in health professions programs is essential for long-term improvement in access to and quality of healthcare for RM patients. Prehealth and undergraduate advisors assist students in navigating graduate and professional career paths. Data collected by ASCO on the nationwide matriculation survey reveal prehealth advisors rank third most important in navigating the admissions process for optometry after practicing optometrists and admissions representatives. Prehealth advisors, therefore, are central to generating the optometry school pipeline, inclusive of students from RM backgrounds.
This article therefore explores the question “How can prehealth advisors help attract their RM students to optometry?” by approaching best practices in prehealth advising utilizing Yosso’s (2005) Community Cultural Wealth theoretical framework. The recommendations offered in response to the question center on the lived experiences of RM students and identify/acknowledge the strengths inherent among recruiting them to optometry school. The empowering nature of the approach has positive implications on strengthening aspiration, application, and enrollment in optometry schools or health professions broadly.
Trends in Optometric Education – A Demographic Snapshot of the Optometry Applicant Pool and Student Enrollment
Authors: Pence Paige , O’Sullivan Kim , Zuckerman Joanne 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ASCO has prided itself on being the “go to” source for any data related to optometric education. Two of the most useful reports ASCO does annually are the OptomCAS Applicant Data Report – A National Snapshot, and the ASCO Student Data Report. This article will focus on data trends from both of these reports, specifically detailing the numbers and demographics of the optometry applicant pool and student enrollment over the past twelve years.
The Association between D-dimer Levels and Thromboembolism, Worsening Severity, and Mortality among Hospitalized Adults with COVID-19
Authors: Remalante-Rayco Patricia Pauline M. , Salido Evelyn O. , Tabula Joey A. , Tolosa Maria Teresa S. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To assess the association between D-dimer and clinical outcomes in adults with COVID-19.
Methods. We reviewed published articles and preprints from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Cornell Open Access Publication (COAP), MedRxiv, and BioRxiv databases. We included cohort studies on the association between D-dimer and the outcomes of thromboembolism, mortality, and worsening severity among hospitalized adults with COVID-19.
Results. We found 25 observational studies on the association between D-dimer and the outcomes of thromboembolism, mortality, or worsening severity. There was an increased risk of thromboembolism (OR 5.61 [95% CI 3.97, 7.94]) with higher D-dimer levels across different COVID-19 severities. D-dimer levels are associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 5.57 [95% CI 2.74, 11.31]) and worsening severity manifesting as critical illness (OR 1.91 [95% CI 1.05, 3.48] to 2.58 [95% CI 1.57, 4.24]), disease progression (HR 2.846 [95% CI 2.10, 3.85]), or need for mechanical ventilation (HR 3.28 [95% CI 1.07, 10.10]). However, some methodological flaws, such as incomplete laboratory or follow-up data and concern on varied D-dimer cut-offs and definitions of worsening disease, raise some uncertainty in the widespread use of D-dimer as a prognostic marker.
Conclusion. A higher D-dimer value is associated with worse clinical outcomes among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and may be a useful prognostic indicator.
Use of Personal Protective Equipment during Surgical Procedures Including Aerosol-Generating Procedures in Reducing the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Transmission: A Rapid Review
Authors: Dones III Valentin C. , San Jose Maria Cristina Z. , Bayona Howell G. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. COVID-19 infection spreads through respiratory droplets, contact, and airborne transmission. During aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), the risk of spreading SARS-CoV-2 via aerosols is increased significantly. This rapid review determined the association between using personal protective equipment (PPE) during AGPs, including those during surgery, among confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19 and the risk of infection among healthcare workers.
Method. A systematic search of electronic databases MEDLINE, EBSCO, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane CENTRAL base was performed last March 21, 2021, using the Boolean combination of keywords for SARS-CoV-2, PPE, and surgery. Two reviewers screened the articles for relevance and extracted the data from the included studies. We critically appraised the included studies using criteria from the Painless Evidence-Based Medicine Evaluation of Articles on Harm. We used RevMan for data pooling, with a 40% heterogeneity cut-off score. GRADEpro guideline development tool determined the quality of evidence of the included studies.
Results. Five observational studies investigated the effectiveness of PPE use in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission among healthcare workers during any AGPs. The use of N95 masks (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.21, 0.67], 1 study, n=195), surgical gown (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.46, 0.77] I2= 0%, 2 studies, n= 941) and gloves (OR 0.42 [95% CI 0.43, 0.55] I2=34%, 3 studies, n=978) versus their non-use significantly reduced the odds of SARS-COV-2 transmission among healthcare workers involved in AGP. Albeit inconclusive due to the very low quality of evidence, using face shields or goggles was not associated with a significant reduction in the odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission (OR 0.70 [95% CI 0.31, 1.59]) than the non-use of face shields or goggles. The certainty of the overall body of evidence on PPE use in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during AGP procedures was rated very low. In addition, confounders in the assessment could have been using individual PPE with the other standard PPE, compliance of healthcare worker on properly wearing it, and observing other preventive measures.
Conclusion. There were lower odds of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers using appropriate PPE, including N95 respirators, surgical gowns, and gloves during AGPs in suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Several guidelines recommended using enhanced PPE among healthcare workers during surgery despite limited and low-quality evidence. The findings should help in developing recommendations in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Philippines. The findings should provide the information needed for healthcare policy decision-making.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urological care in Poland - Post-COVID resilience scenarios and recommendations for healthcare system: A national population-based modelling study.
Authors: Antoniewicz Artur , Niemczyk Wojciech , Regulski Piotr , Niezgodka Marek 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionOur aim was to assess the time required to recover the hypothetical surgical capacity of urological procedures that were suspended due to lockdowns caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2020 and 2021 in Poland, to indicate the most affected procedures, and to estimate the recovery time after a likely fourth lockdown.Material and methodsThe data aggregates contained the number of patients who underwent specific urological procedures classified in the ICD-9, performed from January 2009 to October 2019, acquired in granulation per month and per single voivodeship, and obtained by healthcare providers such as hospitals, ambulatory units, and primary care facilities. Using the model, we obtained the time required to discharge the excessive load on the healthcare system and the median wait time in the post-lockdown period. We validated the model based on the data aggregates from March to October 2020.ResultsLeaving the capacity of the most affected procedures unaltered, or increasing it by 20%, would not reduce the backlog of patients waiting to receive care after the third lockdown. The consequences of a feasible fourth lockdown would cause the necessity of a post-lockdown increase in capacity by more than 50%.ConclusionsThe availability of the most affected procedures will never achieve the pre-pandemic state without increasing the hypothetical surgical capacity of urological procedures that were suspended due to lockdowns caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These procedures require taking special steps to unblock the urological healthcare system and allow patients continuous access to treatment.