bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophages-aPKCι-CCL5 Feedback Loop Modulates the Progression and Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Tao , Deng Zhengdong , Xu Lei , Li Xiangyu , Yang Tan , Qian Yawei , Lu Yun , Tian Li , Yao Wei , Wang Jianming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent data indicated that macrophages may mutually interact with cancer cells to promote tumor progression and chemoresistance, but the interaction in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is obscure. Methods: 10x Genomics single-cell sequencing technology was used to identified the role of macrophages in CCA. Then, we measured the expression and prognostic role of macrophage markers and aPKCi in 70 human CCA tissues. Moreover, we constructed monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and polarized them into M1/M2 macrophages. A co-culture assay of the human CCA cell lines (TFK-1, EGI-1) and differentiated PBMCs-macrophages was established, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo was performed to explore the interaction between cancer cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we established the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of gemcitabine and aPKCi-siRNA and detect the antitumor effects in CCA. Results: M2 macrophage showed tumor-promoting properties in CCA. High levels of aPKCi expression and M2 macrophage infiltration were associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in CCA patients. Moreover, CCA patients with low M2 macrophages infiltration or low aPKCi expression benefited from postoperative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Further studies showed that M2 macrophages-derived TGFb1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and gemcitabine resistance in CCA cells through aPKCi-mediated NF-kB signaling pathway. Reciprocally, CCL5 was secreted more by CCA cells undergoing aPKCi-induced EMT and consequently modulated macrophage recruitment and polarization. Furthermore, the cationic liposome-mediated co-delivery of GEM and aPKCi-siRNA significantly inhibited macrophages infiltration and CCA progression. Conclusion: our study demonstrates the role of Macrophages-aPKCi-CCL5 Feedback Loop in CCA, and proposes a novel therapeutic strategy of aPKCi-siRNA and GEM co-delivered by liposomes for CCA.
Overweight/Obesity in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Belonging to an Admixed Population. A Brazilian Multicenter Study.
Authors: Gomes Marilia Brito , Conte Debora , Drummond Karla Rezende Guerra , Mallmann Felipe , Pinheiro André Araujo , Leal Franz Schubert Lopes , Morales Paulo Henrique , Negrato Carlos Antonio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: To determine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated risk factors in Brazilian adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its association with retinopathy (DR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This study was performed in 14 Brazilian public clinics in 10 cities, with 1,760 patients. 367 were adolescents (20.9%):184 females (50.1%), 176 (48.0%) Caucasians, aged 16.4 ±1.9 years, age at diagnosis 8.9 ±4.3 years, diabetes duration 8.1± 4.3 years, school attendance 10.9 ± 2.5 years and HbA1c 9.6±2.4%. Results: 95 (25.9%) patients presented overweight/obesity, mostly females. These patients were older, had longer diabetes duration, higher levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, higher prevalence of hypertension and of metabolic syndrome (MS). No difference was found regarding ethnicity, HbA1c, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid. No association was found between DR, CKD and laboratorial markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions: Almost one quarter of our patients, presented overweight/obesity associated with some traditional risk factors for diabetes-related complications and cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes duration, hypertension, high levels of LDL-cholesterol and presence of MS. Further prospective studies are necessary to establish the prognosis of these patients.
Simulation of Biogenic Coalbed Gas from Anthracite in South of Qinshui Basin, China
Authors: Wang Aikuan , wang qinghui , Shao Pei , Fu Tian , Cao Moran 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High rank coal, such as anthracite, has been considered difficult to generate biogas because of the high coalification degree. Selecting anthracite from Sihe coal mine, Qinshui basin, China, as substrate, this study carried out a simulation experiment of biogas generation for 80 days, the purpose of which was to verify whether anthracite could be bio-degraded to produce biogas under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the selected anthracite can be utilized by methanogenic bacteria to produce biogas and the approximate production field was 1.79mL/g, which was less than that of lower rank coal of other published studies. The generation process can be divided into a rapid growth stage (0-30d) and a slow descent stage (30-80d). CO2 and CH4 are the main components of biogas, although some heavy-hydrocarbons were also tested. The CO2 concentrations were low (<30%) and the δ13C-CH4 values were positive (-39.9‰ to -45.8‰), which suggested that the main biogas generation pathway was acetic fermentation. But at the same time, the concentrations of CH4 and CO2 were mutually increasing and decreasing with the passage of experiment time, and δ13C-CH4 tends to be lighten in the later stage(40-80d), suggesting that parts of biogenic CH4 was generated by way of CO2-reduction.
Morphological Variation In Paediatric Lower Limb Bones
Authors: Carman Laura , Besier Thor , Choisne Julie 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Available methods for generating paediatric musculoskeletal geometry are to scale generic adult geometry, which is widely accessible but can be inaccurate, or to obtain geometry from medical imaging, which is accurate but time-consuming and costly. A population-based shape model is required to generate accurate and accessible musculoskeletal geometry in a paediatric population. The pelvis, femur, and tibia/fibula were segmented from 333 CT scans of children aged 4-18 years. Bone morphology variation was captured using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, a shape model was developed to predict bone geometry from demographic and linear bone measurements and validated using a leave one out analysis. The shape model was compared to linear scaling of adult and paediatric bone geometry. The PCA captured growth-related changes in bone geometry. The shape model predicted bone geometry with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.91±0.99mm in the pelvis, 2.01±0.62mm in the femur, and 1.85±0.54mm in the tibia/fibula. Linear scaling of an adult mesh produced RMSE of 4.79±1.39mm in the pelvis, 4.38±0.72mm in the femur, and 4.39±0.86mm in the tibia/fibula. We have developed a method for capturing and predicting lower limb bone shape variation in a paediatric population more accurately than linear scaling without using medical imaging.
Identification and Complete Genome Sequence of Mulberry Cryptic Virus (Genus Deltapartitivirus Family Partitiviridae)
Authors: Yang Jinhong , Peng Yunwu , Kong Weiqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A cryptic virus, named Mulberry cryptic virus (MuCV), was identified in mulberry (Morus alba) transcriptome dataset and RACE methods. The genome sequence of MuCV composed of two double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) of 1605 bp and 1627 bp in size, encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a coat protein (CP), respectively. The 5'-AGAAUUAU-3' sequence in the 5'-UTR was conserved in the two dsRNAs. The sequence similarity and phylogenetic analyses based on the RdRp and CP both indicated that MuCV is a deltapartitivirus (Family Partitiviridae).
Melanoma Recognition and Lesion Segmentation using Multi-Instance Learning
Authors: Ma Yangling , Yang Zhouwang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of skin cancer, but early and accurate identification can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. In this paper, an end-to-end framework based on multi-instance learning is proposed for melanoma recognition and lesion segmentation simultaneously. To make full use from the information of high-resolution images, we take each image block (super-pixel) as an instance in a bag and use multi-instance learning based on a graph convolutional network to recognize melanoma. Moreover, skin lesion segmentation is derived from attention weights and is calibrated by classification probability vectors. As a result, the AUC of our method for melanoma recognition reaches 0.93, which is much higher compared with other related methods. Also, the Jaccard index (JA) of our method for melanoma-related skin lesion segmentation reaches 0.699. In our end-to-end approach, segmentation and recognition are treated as intimately coupled processes, and hence, a high JA is also an indication of the reliability of melanoma recognition. Collectively, these findings confirmed that our method effectively assists melanoma diagnosis.
Assessing the Impact of Water Use in LCA of Conventional and Organic Carrot Production in Poland
Authors: Kowalczyk Zbigniew , Kuboń Maciej 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
As global water resources are decreasing and the demand for it is constantly increasing, the problem of proper water management is becoming more pressing. Poland is one of the largest producers of vegetables in Europe, including carrots, with significant exports. However its freshwater resources are relatively small. The paper presents the results of research on the water footprint (WF) life cycle assessment (LCA) in conventional and organic carrot production. The methodology of calculating WF was used in accordance with PN-EN ISO 14046. It was found, e.g., that the water scarcity index (WSI) for organic production of carrot (WSI = 1.9 m3∙ha-1) is over five times lower, as compared to conventional production (WSI = 10.4 m3∙ha-1). In the case of conventional production, the fertilization process (67.0% - 67.7%) has the greatest impact on the shaping of WF in the individual impact categories, i.e. Human Health, Ecosystem Quality and resources. In organic production, the WF-shaping factor is carrot harvesting (41.9% - 43.1%). The research can be used to develop pro-ecological carrot production technologies, as well as to shape sustainable development plans in agricultural areas. It can also be used to outline policy directions regarding foreign trade in water-consuming agricultural products.
Clusters Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for the detection of the drug resistance gene MacB
Authors: Du yuwan , Han Dianpeng , An Zhaoxia , Wang Jiang , Gao Zhixian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Antibiotics have brought many benefits to public health systems worldwide since they were first used in the last century, yet with the overuse of antibiotics in clinical care and livestock farming, new public health issues have arisen.In our previous experiments, we found that the MacB gene in bovine raw milk ranked first among many drug resistance genes.In this paper, we present a strategy for the highly sensitive detection of the drug resistance gene MacB by combining clusters regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology.This strategy integrates the specific gene identification capabilities of the CRISPR system, the ultra-sensitivity of SERS, the chemometric algorithm analysis and the simple separation properties of nanoparticles, eliminating the need for complex steps such as purification and gene amplification, offering the advantages of rapid, ultra-sensitive and highly specific detection, thus enabling more effective tongue safety.
Keywords: CRISPR/dCas9; Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering; drug resistance gene MacB; gold nanoparticles.
The SF3B1R625H Mutation Promotes Prolactinoma Tumor Progression Through Aberrant Splicing Of DLG1
Authors: Guo Jing , Fang Qiuyue , Liu Yulou , Wang Dawei , Li Chuzhong , Xie Weiyan , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Recently, a hotspot mutation in prolactinoma was observed in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1R625H), but its functional effects and mechanisms are poorly understood.
Methods
Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and rat pituitary GH3 cells, we generated heterozygous Sf3b1R625H mutant cells. Sanger and whole-genome sequencing were conducted to verify the introduction of this mutation. Transcriptome analysis was performed in SF3B1-wild-type versus mutant human prolactinoma samples and GH3 cells. Quantitative PCR and minigene reporter assays were conducted to verify aberrant splicing. The functional consequences of SF3B1R625H were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Critical makers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and key components of relevant signaling pathways were detected by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, and were knocked down by siRNA-mediated silencing.
Results
Transcriptomic analysis of prolactinomas and heterozygous mutant cells revealed that the SF3B1R625H allele led to different alterations in splicing properties, affecting different genes in different species. Consistently between rat cells and human tumor samples, mutant SF3B1 promoted aberrant splicing and the suppression of DLG1. Additionally, mutant SF3B1 with knockdown of DLG1 expression promoted cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Conclusions
Our findings elucidate a mechanism through which mutant SF3B1 promotes tumor progression and may provide a potent molecular therapeutic target for prolactinomas with the SF3B1R625H mutation.
Linagliptin improves high glucose-induced glomerular endothelial hyper- permeability through AMPK activation and RhoA/ROCK suppression
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Li Xianfan , Yu Zengpu , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
OBJECTIVEHyperglycemia is a major cause of albuminuria relevant to glomerular endothelial dysfunction of the kidney in diabetes mellitus. Linagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to have pleiotropic protective effects to improve albuminuria and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which linagliptin improves human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) barrier dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe examined the DPP-4 activity, the transendothelial electrical resistance of the monolayer in HRGECs, and the horseradish peroxidase–albumin leakage after the treatment with high glucose (HG) in the presence or absence of linagliptin preincubation. The distribution of F-actin remodeling was detected by a fluorescence probe. The phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), AMPK, and RhoA activity were evaluated in the endothelial cells by Western blotting. The effects of inhibition AMPK or RhoA/ROCK pathway on linagliptin-mediated protective effect on the endothelial barrier in HG status were observed.RESULTSHG caused MLC-dependent reorganization of F-actin, leading to endothelial barrier disruption. However, these changes in HRGECs were attenuated by the Rho-dependent kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 or linagliptin. The phospho-MLC (pMLC) activated in HRGECs was regulated by RhoA/ROCK signaling. AMPK activation participated in the repair process of HG-induced RhoA-dependent endothelial cell hyperpermeability by linagliptin . Similarly , AMPK activation by linagliptin attenuated HG-induced RhoA dependent F-actin rearrangement and endothelial cell barrier dysfunction, whereas compoud C diminished the effect of linagliptin. CONCLUSIONSOur data showed that HG led to increases in the activity of RhoA and DPP-4. These changes resulted in the rearrangement of endothelial cell cytoskeleton and the dysfunction of the glomerular endothelial barrier, which were mediated by MLC. The present study revealed a novel mechanism of linagliptin-mediated AMPK activation in preventing RhoA-dependent F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and reduced glomerular endothelial barrier permeability in diabetic conditions.
Gunshot model of junctional femoral artery hemorrhage in swine under ultrasonic guidance
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Chengyu Guo , Junkang Wang , Cong Feng , Tanshi Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

In a combat setting, uncontrolled junctional hemorrhage constitutes a major source of potentially preventable deaths. It is very important to establish a model of massive hemorrhage of gunshot wound at junction area which can simulate field rescue conditions.
Methods

Picco monitoring was instrumented for the anesthetized Landrace pigs, and the right femoral artery was located by portable ultrasound. The pistol bullet hit the right femoral artery, resulting in an artery rupture. After 30 seconds of uncontrolled hemorrhage, the ballistic wound was filled with combat gauze (QuikClot) to stop bleeding in the BT group (n = 10). Combat gauze was used to stop bleeding when the mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased by 30% in the MD group (n = 10). The sham-operated pigs (n = 10) underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedures, but neither shooting nor gauze filling therapy was performed. Blood samples were taken 15 min before injury, and then 10 min, 30 min, and 60 min after the injury.
Results

Histologic anatomy indicated that the right femoral artery and vein were completely ruptured in all 20 swine of MD and BT groups. The blood loss of pre-tamponade (4.97 ± 2.47 mL/kg vs 18.26 ± 3.47 mL/kg, P < 0.001), pro-tamponade (4.58 ± 1.49 mL/kg vs 7.20 ± 1.99 mL/kg, P = 0.004) and the total amount of bleeding (9.54 ± 3.80 mL/kg vs 25.46 ± 3.68 mL/kg, P < 0.001) in MD group were more than those in BT group. There were differences in body temperature, PH, PT, LAC of MD group compared with BT and SHAM groups 60 minutes after injury (all P < 0.0167). The survival time of MD group was shorter than that of BT group (P = 0.029).
Conclusion

We established a reliable gunshot model of junctional hemorrhage in swine, which had high accuracy for femoral arterial rupture under ultrasonic guidance and provided consistent and reproducible field-simulation conditions. In this junctional hemorrhage model, blood loss of 30-second free bleeding did not meet the criteria for shock. The MAP decrease of 30% emerged as a better predictor of a successful shock model.
Mosquito control, killing off the females
Authors: Tran Phi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In addition to causing discomfort, female mosquitoes introduce disease-carrying viruses and bacteria into the bloodstream of their victims. There are numerous publications describing the uses of sugary mosquito baits with promising results. However, without temperature control measures, these methods are mainly useful for only nectar feeding insects, including male mosquitoes, because the warmth of the blood is a condition for the females to locate their meals. The efforts required to keep the baits fresh against the natural spoiling process make them less attractive or impractical to implement. These experiments address these issues by using warm baits of water, sugar, boric acid and antibiotics. On the surface, the area became a sought-out island where mosquito activities flourished; nevertheless, the mosquitoes were exclusively males (almost). Control vs. experiment protocol established no other logical explanation for this phenomenon other than that the females were attracted and killed by the bait. As expected, there was no mosquito egg laying in these areas.
Efficacy and Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.
Authors: Ghazy Ramy Mohamed , Ashmawy Rasha , Hamdy Noha A. , Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Reyad Omar Ahmed , Almalawany Dina , Almaghraby Abdallah , Shaaban Ramy , Taha Sarah Hamed N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background SARS coronavirus number 2 or SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a pandemic in 2019 and affected millions of people with a large number of deaths. Since no cure for this highly spreadable virus is known till now the need for a rapid vaccine development started early and the vaccination process started in December 2020 with many types of vaccines of different techniques.This research aimed to shed the light on different studies evaluating the efficacy, effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in phase III trials.Method Online database search was performed, and all relevant randomized controlled trials and observational studies considering COVID-19 vaccination by any type of vaccine and to any age were included. A meta-analysis was conducted to measure the efficacy/ effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent mortality and to reduce severe infection after the first & the second dose. Assessment of risk of bias, publication bias & heterogenicity were also performed.Results From 21567 screened articles twenty-five studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. The odds ratio of mortality 7 days after full vaccination decreased significantly among vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated group OR=0.14 (95CI, 0.05-0.41), I2=63%. In total 213 of 4807683 vaccinated people developed severe COVID-19 one week after the second dose, compared to 3298 of unvaccinated 1915476 subjects. The OR of having severe COVID-19 decreased by 0.08 (0.03-0.25), I2 was 74%. Vaccination was also significant in reducing COVID-19 infection in either symptomatic or asymptomatic cases.Conclusion This study showed that most vaccines have comparable efficacy and effectiveness, and it is believed that with the mass vaccination of COVID-19, it is possible to control the infection and end this global pandemic
Lung adenocarcinoma with active pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report of successful immunotherapy and systematical review
Authors: Xu Jinhe , Lin Xiuhua , Liu Wei , Ye Jia , Xie Feilai , Deng Huimin , Deng Ming , Yu Zongyang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become widely used in the treatment of several malignancies, and get better clinical benefits in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in most of highquality clinical Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies, only selected patients are needed. In Real-World Study (RWS), patients contracted simultaneously with NSCLC and Tuberculosis are common. TB reactivation during ICIs use is increasingly recognized and reported. Whether ICIs can be used in anti-tumor in patients with TB are rarely seen. Herein, we present a 67-year-old male active tuberculosis complicated with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ALK-negative, EGFR wild, and PD-L1 immune histochemistry (IHC) strongly positive in 60–90% of tumor cells, on ongoing treatment with Pembrolizumab as a frstline anti-tumor therapy during anti-TB treatment. After two cycles of Pembrolizumab, the tumor response was evaluated PR, and TB well controlled. The patient is still on anti-TB and ICIs anti-tumor therapy, sputum smear and sputum culture remain negative, follow-up showed no relapse of tuberculosis infection or tumor progression. Our case shows that it may be feasible to combine anti-TB with ICIs for advanced lung cancer patients with active TB.