bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol glycosides isolated from Cedrela odorata L. leaves in albino mice
Authors: Asaad Gihan Farag , Ibrahim Abdallah Heba Mohammed , Mohammed Hala Shaaban , Nomier Yousra Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose:
Paracetamol is the most implicated xenobiotic in inducing hepatotoxicity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of some kaempferol glycosides isolated from the leaves of Cedrela odorata L. on paracetamol hepatotoxicity.

Experimental approach:
The methanolic extract of dried leaves of C. odorata L. was subjected to the combination of spectroscopic methods (1H and 13CNMR). Six kaempferol glycosides were isolated: kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside (astragalin), kaempferol-3-O-β-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, kaempferide-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, kaempferide-3-O-β-Drutinosyl-7-O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D- rutinosyl-7-O-a-D-arabinopyranoside. Fifty-four female Swiss Albino mice were divided randomly into 9 groups including (1) control negative (1 mL/kg saline; IP), (2) control positive (paracetamol 300 mg/kg; IP), (3) silymarin 50 mg/kg (IP). Animals of groups 4-9 were injected with 6 different samples of isolated compounds at 100 mg/kg (IP). One h later, groups 3-9 were injected with paracetamol (300 mg/kg IP). Two h later, tissue samples were taken from all animals to assess nitrotyrosine, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (c-JNK), Raf -1kinase, and oxidative stress biomarkers viz. reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA).

Findings/Results:
Isolated glycosides had a prominent anti-apoptotic effect via inhibition of c-JNK and Raf-1 kinase. They also exerted a powerful antioxidant effect by modulating the oxidative stress induced by paracetamol via increasing GSH, reducing MDA and nitrotyrosine concentrations compared to positive control. The glycoside (1) showed a better effect than silymarin (standard) in ameliorating the formation of nitrotyrosine, Raf-1 kinase, c-JNK, and GSH.

Conclusion and implication:
Kaempferol glycosides isolated for the first time from C. odorata L. leaves exerted antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects via amelioration of oxidative stress and inhibition of Raf/MAPK pathway.
Characterization of anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and its clinicopathologic implications – An immunofluorescence study
Authors: Gupta Aprna , Das Surya Narayan , Das Bijoy Kumar , Bhuyan Lipsa 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), widespread in the Indian subcontinent, is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity having a high potential for malignancy. The etiology of OSF is debatable. However, recently, autoimmunity had been suggested to play a significant role in its etiology, yet unproven. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the serum of OSF patients which is one of the serum markers of autoimmune diseases and its possible clinicopathologic associations.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 105 blood samples were collected from patients with OSF (n = 45), age- and sex-matched healthy controls with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) areca nut chewing habit. Serum positivity of ANA was determined by immunofluorescence and correlated with the oral habits and severity of the disease measured by maximum mouth opening (MMO) and site of involvement.

Results:
Significantly higher incidence of ANA (35.6%) was found in 45 OSF patients than in the healthy group (P = 0.001). Prevalence of ANA positivity was found higher in females (n = 11; 68%) than males (P < 0.001). A significantly lower MMO (P = 0.00) was found in ANA positive patients (17 ± 6.21 mm) in contrast to MMO in ANA-negative patients (28.74 ± 6.58 mm). The mean duration of habit and frequency of habit between ANA positive and negative patients was not significant. A significantly more number of sites of involvement was seen in ANA positive cases (P = 0.004). Out of 16 ANA positive OSF cases, 10 cases showed + 2 and 6 cases showed + 3 fluorescence intensity. Speckled (n = 8), homogeneous (n = 5) and nucleolar pattern (n = 3) were the fluorescence patterns observed.

Conclusion:
The presence of autoantibodies such as ANA, female predilection, alteration of humoral and cellular immunity justifies OSF as an autoimmune disease. This study provides broader prospective to adopt therapies that selectively target autoimmune pathways.
Sexual dimorphism using permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines and molars
Authors: Soundarya N , Jain Vijay Kumar , Shetty Shibani , Akshatha B K 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Sex identification of skeletal remains is one of the prime factors employed in identification of an individual. Teeth, the most hard and stable human tissue, which is resistant to physical insults, serve as a valuable material for forensic, anthropological, odontologic and genetics. Among the four main attributes of biological identity, gender determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to assess the dimorphic status of mesiodistal (MD) width, labiolingual (LL) width as well as cervicoincisal (CI) length of the crown in both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars.

Materials and Methods:
The present study comprised a set of 100 casts (50 males and 50 females) between the age group of 20–50 years of age. Impressions were made using alginate impression and study models were prepared using dental stone. The CI length of the crown, maximum MD width and maximum LL width of both maxillary and mandibular permanent incisors, canines and first molars were evaluated using digital Vernier calipers. The obtained data were analyzed using linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression method.

Results:
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that MD dimension of maxillary canine and CI dimension of mandibular first molar as reliable indicators for gender determination than mandibular canine, maxillary and mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molar dimensions.
Association of oral candidal species with human immunodeficiency virus patients of West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh – An in vitro study
Authors: Mounika R. , Nalabolu Govindraj K. , Pallavi N. , Birajdar Smita S. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major worldwide health problem characterized by progressive immunosuppression. The morbidity of HIV patients is due to its association with opportunistic infections among which oral candidiasis is common. Regardless of HIV status, candidiasis can prevail when their immune system is depressed. Oral candidiasis can thus serve as a useful marker for both restoration of immune functions and HIV disease progression. Routine identification of Candida species is laborious and time-consuming. HICHROM agar stains different species into different colors facilitating rapid reliable identification of candida species as they differ in their virulence and sensitivity to antifungal drugs.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study includes a total of 200 HIV seropositive patients from Anti-Retroviral Therapy Centre, West Godavari District. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected in a screw-capped universal container. Five microliters of each sample using a sterile inoculating loop is streaked on the chromogenic agar culture media. The colonies formed are counted using a magnifying glass and LAPIZ colony counter. Candidal colony-forming units per milliliter were analyzed, compared and correlated among different study groups. Different candida species were also identified in the study.

Results:
Nonalbicans Candida was the most common species isolated in our study accounting for 53% and Candida albicans accounting for 47%. Considering initial and final CD4 counts, there is improvement in patients on retroviral therapy.

Conclusion:
Identification of the species is important for epidemiological reasons and for treatment purposes to ensure a better prognosis since some species present reduced susceptibility to azoles.
Pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivity in ophthalmia neonatorum
Authors: Suhas Prabhakar , Vishnu S. , Muthayya M. 
Published: June 2021

CONTEXT:
Emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci as pathogens in ophthalmia neonatorum.

AIMS:
To analyze the bacteriological spectrum of ophthalmia neonatorum and its associated risk factors.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis in a tertiary care hospital in India.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review was performed in a tertiary care center in India on 139 neonates presenting with conjunctivitis over a period of 3 years. All the neonates presenting to the out-patient department, those admitted in the Neonatal Intensive care Unit and in-patient wards were included in our study. The neonates were clinically examined and followed-up by a single experienced ophthalmologist. Details including demographic data, age of the infant, type of delivery, investigations, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Frequency calculation using Microsoft Excel for windows 10.

RESULTS:
In the 92 samples with growth (66.2%), the most common organisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococci (35.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.3%), and Acinetobacter species (16.3%). Others were Staphylococcus aureus (14.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.7%), and Escherichia coli (8.7%). Ophthalmia neonatorum was significantly higher in preterm infants born out of lower-segment cesarean section and those requiring ventilatory support.

CONCLUSIONS:
Unlike gonococcus, which is implicated in ophthalmia neonatorum, our study shows varied microbiological spectrum and sensitivity patterns with coagulase-negative staphylococci as the key pathogen. The role of coagulase-negative staphylococci as a disease-causing pathogen becomes increasingly important with an imperative need for prudent use of common antibiotics in treating these pathogenic bacteria.
Prevalence and determinants of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus carrier among staff of a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Ruhi A , Ahmed Anwar , Sapitan Anita , Maktabi Azza , Al-Subaie Sultan , Khandekar Rajiv 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriers among staff of a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:
This retrospective study was conducted in 2019. Nasal and axillary swabs of health-care staff were used to determine carriers of MRSA. Bacteria were identified by culture and sensitivity tests. These isolates were grouped as antibiotic resistant, sensitive, and others not in the S. aureus group. Demographics and other determinants were associated with carrier status.

RESULTS:
We evaluated the carrier status of 430 staff. There were 110 (24.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.5, 29.7) S. aureus-positive staff, 21 (11.7%; 95% CI: 11.7, 26.4) of who carried the MRSA strain. Carrier status was significantly higher among physicians (31%) compared to nurses (22.5%) and other staff (5.7%) (P < 0.001). MRSA carrier status was significantly associated with >5 years of employment at the eye hospital (P = 0.02). MRSA was significantly associated with staff who were of Indian nationality (75%) compared to other nationalities (P = 0.04) and those who were at the hospital for <5-year stay compared more than 5 years at the hospital (P = 0.001). All carriers responded to decolonization treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
The high prevalence of MRSA and relatively easy treat MRSA carriers points at the need for universal screening for MRSA carriers among eye health staff.
Tropical Infections in the Context of Kidney Transplantation in Latin America
Authors: Requião-Moura Lúcio R. , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco , Moreira Albino Cassio R. , de Oliveira Brilhante Savio , da Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra , Costa Silvana Daher , de Sandes-Freitas Tainá Veras 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Reports on tropical infections among kidney transplant (KT) recipients have increased in recent years, mainly because of the growing number of KT programs located in tropical and subtropical areas, and greater mobility or migration between different areas of the world. Endemic in emerging and developing regions, like most countries in Latin America, tropical infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Tropical infections in KT recipients may exhibit different pathways for acquisition compared with those in nonrecipients, such as transmission through a graft and reactivation of a latent infection triggered by immunosuppression. Clinical presentation may differ compared with that in immunocompetent patients, and there are also particularities in diagnostic aspects, treatment, and prognosis. KT patients must be screened for latent infections and immunized properly. Last, drug–drug interactions between immunosuppressive agents and drugs used to treat tropical infections are an additional challenge in KT patients. In this review, we summarize the management of tropical infections in KT patients.
Case Report: Extrapulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 and Dengue Coinfection
Authors: Reyes-Ruiz José Manuel , Campuzano-Vences Rosa , Osuna-Ramos Juan Fidel , De Jesús-González Luis Adrián , Pérez-Méndez María J. , González-González Crescencio , Farfan-Morales Carlos Noe , Rivas-Tovar Leticia , Dávila-González Eduardo , María del Ángel Rosa , Gutiérrez-Garduño Aarón P. , Villegas-del Ángel Enrique , Zárate-Segura Paola , Bastida-González Fernando 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
The risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue coinfection is increased in tropical countries; however, the extrapulmonary clinical manifestations have not been fully characterized. We report a 42-year-old woman whose clinical manifestations began with fever, diarrhea, headache, chest pain, myalgia, odynophagia, and arthralgia. Despite mild respiratory symptoms and normal chest computed tomography scan results, she was diagnosed with real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Because she had erythema and petechiae with a decreased platelet count, the dengue NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM/IgG test were performed, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention RT-PCR assay detected the dengue virus serotype 1 infection. Additionally, increased liver enzyme serum levels were found in the patient, who later developed hepatomegaly. Hence, the mechanism of hepatic pathology associated with SARS-CoV-2 and dengue coinfection needs further research.
Free Market Availability of Rapid Diagnostics Will Empower Communities To Control Malaria in India
Authors: Rahi Manju , Sharma Amit 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Globally, malaria incidence has declined but further reductions in malaria are not evident in many countries. In addition to the public health approaches for tackling malaria, involvement of the private sector is vital because the private sector plays a central role in healthcare delivery to the masses. In India, malaria management is primarily provided through government programs, nonetheless, significant numbers of fever patients continue to seek healthcare in the private sector. The private sector in India is comprised of formal healthcare (qualified and approved), informal healthcare (unqualified, untrained), including traditional healers. Commercial channels for the procurement of quality-assured malaria diagnostics like rapid diagnostic tests via pharmacies or other approved outlets would empower Indian populations to self-detect malaria without delay. Easier access would minimize the diagnostic time gap, reduce costs to the patient, prevent inappropriate malaria treatment, and foster timely treatment of both malaria and non-malaria infections. Commercially available rapid diagnostic tests in the hands of the people could be an important tool in our fight against malaria.
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPINES AMIDST THE PANDEMIC: Contributing factors, and mitigating measures
Authors: Mobo Dr. Froilan 
Published: June 2021

Many individuals suffer from human abuses like human trafficking, drug related concerns which are protected by powerful and influential people who are connected in the government which resulted to corruption and poverty in the philippines. There is a need to reform these wrong practices which are experienced by the majority of our constituents. So the Humanitarian Group plays a vital role in this situation by ensuring and monitoring the Sustainability, Growth, and Development of our Community in transforming nation-building.
Avaliação de simulações interativas em ciências da Plataforma on-line “Phet” por meio de parâmetros de avaliação e de oficinas com futuros docentes
Authors: Cravo Andreia Regina , Espartosa Karina Dias 
Published: June 2021

Para superar as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos professores ao explicar assuntos abstratos de ciências e de biologia, despertando o interesse do estudante, é possível recorrer às Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e aos Objetos de Aprendizagem. Objetivando avaliar o desempenho de três simulações interativas em ciências, da plataforma on-line PhET, este trabalho utilizou-se de protocolos de avaliação e desenvolveu oficinas com futuros docentes. Nos resultados são apresentados os desafios e as potencialidades dessas simulações, constatadas nas avaliações e nas oficinas. Avaliou-se que a ferramenta se apresenta como uma boa estratégia didática de ensino e contribui positivamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Ainda que as simulações demonstrem alguns parâmetros deficientes, verificou-se que o professor pode contorná-los atuando como mediador.
ÇEVİRİ YAZILARDA KARMA SÖZ DİZİMLERİ VE TERCÜMELERİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: SARIKAYA Bekir 
Published: June 2021

Yazma eserlerde hazırlık bölümü olarak düşünülen besmele, hamdele, salvele ve eserin asıl konusuna kadar olan bölümlerdeki cümleler, karma dil yapısı özellikleri göstermektedir. Karma dil, başka dillere özgü kelime grubu, ara cümle, tamlama vb. yapıları bünyesinde barındıran dildir. Arapça ve Farsça yapıları bünyesinde barındıran Türkçeye karma dil olmasından dolayı Osmanlıca adı da verilmektedir. Osmanlıca eserlerin çeviri yazıları yapılırken, karma dil yapılarının çözümü de metinde yerini almalıdır. Çeviri yazılı metin okunurken aynı zamanda araştırmacı yardımıyla karmaşık yapılı bölüm ve bu bölümdeki düşünceler kavranabilmelidir.
Birçok çeviri yazıda karma yapılı bölümlerin çözümü ihmal edilir. Karma yapıyı çözmemek ve karma yapının çüzümünü tamamen okuyucuya bırakmak çeviri yazılı eserler için bir eksiklik olarak görülür. Bu yazıda bazı eserlerden karma dil yapısı özelliği taşıyan örnekler belirlenmiş, örneklerdeki karma dil yapıları çözümlenmiş ve karma yapıyla ilgili olan hatalar açıklanmıştır. Bir taraftan örnekler açıklığa kavuşturulurken diğer taraftan farklı dillerin yapılarının çeviri yazıda nasıl ifade edilebileceği ile ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Penerapan Metode MOORA pada Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Seleksi Karyawan Magang Keluar Negeri (Studi Kasus: PT Hinai Daiki)
Authors: Mufizar Teuku , Hidayatuloh Ade Taopik , Nanang Suciyono  , Hanifah Alma Husna 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In an organization or company, employees as Human Resources (HR) are seen as a person's ability to do work within the company, especially when viewed from the portion to help the company achieve its goals. One form of good Human Resources (HR) management is to provide training for employees in the company in order to improve the knowledge and skills of employees. PT Hinai Daiki as a company engaged in the export garment sector in Tasikmalaya conducts training in the form of sending apprentices abroad. Problems that occur So far, the determination of prospective overseas internships at this company is not as expected, because the selection is direct without using a decision support system, causing inaccurate assessments and not on target. This study aims to apply the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method in assisting the selection of employees who will be sent for internships abroad at PT Hinai Daiki. The MOORA method is used in the calculation process that produces output in the form of alternative employees who will be sent for internships abroad. The criteria used in this study include activeness in work, mastery of work, discipline, knowledge, teamwork, personality, mastery of language and health. Based on the research results, the MOORA method can be well applied to the decision support system for the selection of interns at PT Hinai Daiki.
VARIOUS DELAYS AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN THE TIMELINE OF ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Khowaja Sanam , Ahmed Salik , Ashraf Tariq , Batra Mahesh Kumar , Khowaja Saher , Nazir Mehak , Khan Muneeba , Karim Musa 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To assess the various delays in the timeline of STEMI, its determinants, and impact on in-hospital outcomes.
Methodology: In this study we included STEMI patients who were either presented late to ER or procedure was delayed. Pre-hospital delay was defied as chest pain (CP) to ER arrival time ≥120 minutes and hospital delay was defined as ER to procedure time ≥90 minutes. Reasons for pre-hospital and hospital delays and in-hospital complications and outcomes were recorded.
Results: A total of 103 patients, 72.8%(75) male, with mean age of 54.75±11.8 years were enrolled. Median duration between CP and ER arrival 240[420-144.5] minutes with ≥120 minutes for 89.3%(92). Procedure was performed in 120[180-60] minutes of ER arrival with ≥90 minutes for 61.2% (63). Pre-hospital delay was caused by unawareness of symptoms (53.3%) followed by unavailability of transportation (29.3%), while, hospital delayed was caused by unavailability of resources (69.8%). Pre-hospital delay of ≥360 minutes was associated with higher rate of LV thrombus, 21.4% vs. 1.3%; p<0.001, and in-hospital re-current ischemia, 32.1% vs. 12%; p=0.017.
Conclusions: In this study we observed that the most common causes of pre-hospital delay in our population are unawareness of symptomology and unavailability of transportation, while, the major cause of hospital delay was unavailability resources. Pre-hospital delay was associated with significantly higher rate of LV thrombus and in-hospital re-current ischemia.