bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On randomly changing conformity bias in cultural transmission
Authors: Denton Kaleda K. , Liberman Uri , Feldman Marcus W. 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceAnimals, from humans toDrosophila, display conformity and anticonformity. Population dynamics under (anti)conformity may explain emergent properties of groups including fads, norms, and collective behavior. Although empirical evidence suggests that a population’s level of conformity can vary over time, most mathematical models have not included time-varying conformity coefficients. To potentially improve applicability to real-world systems, we allow conformity coefficients, numbers of sampled “role models,” and weak selection to vary stochastically in an established conformity model. Novel dynamics are possible, including simultaneous stochastic local stability of monomorphisms and polymorphism. Interpreting real-world population differences in terms of (anti)conformity may therefore not be straightforward. Under some conditions, however, the deterministic model provides a useful approximation to the stochastic model.
Magnetotransport properties of Fe substituted Ca3CoMnO6
Authors: Thankachen Nisha , Sengunthar Poornima , Patel Shivangi S , Pandya Rutvi J , Joshi U S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ca3CoMnO6, a quasi-1D Ising chain at low temperature offers rich fundamental physics and applications. We have studied the dielectric and magnetoelectric coupling in Fe doped Ca3CoMnO6 (CCMO) bulk ceramics prepared by co-precipitation technique. Single phase hexagonal crystal structure having R-3C space group was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Extremely low currents were observed up to 20% Fe doping. Doping dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) revealed both positive and negative MR, with anomalously high MR values beyond 3000% in diluted Fe doped CCMO; whereas the higher doping of Fe was found to result in negative MR due to enhanced magnetostriction effects. The dielectric study was carried out for a range of 20 Hz to 10 MHz. The negative value of the colossal magnetodielectric induced in the Fe doped samples can be attributed to the magnetostriction effect along with interfacial Maxwell-Wagner polarization.
Efficient and versatile toolbox for analysis of time-tagged measurements
Authors: Lin Z. , Schweickert L. , Gyger S. , Jöns K.D. , Zwiller V. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Acquisition and analysis of time-tagged events is a ubiquitous tool in scientific and industrial applications. With increasing time resolution, number of input channels, and acquired events, the amount of data can be overwhelming for standard processing techniques. We developed the Extensible Time-tag Analyzer (ETA), a powerful and versatile, yet easy to use software to efficiently analyze and display time-tagged data. Our tool allows for flexible extraction of correlation from time-tagged data beyond start-stop measurements that were traditionally used. A combination of state diagrams and simple code snippets allows for analysis of arbitrary complexity while keeping computational efficiency high.
Drainage canal impacts on smoke aerosol emissions for Indonesian peatland and non-peatland fires
Authors: Lu Xiaoman , Zhang Xiaoyang , Li Fangjun , Gao Lun , Graham Laura , Vetrita Yenni , Saharjo Bambang H , Cochrane Mark A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has experienced frequent fires due to the lowering of groundwater levels caused by drainage via extensive canal networks for agricultural development since the 1970s. However, the impact of canals on fire emissions is still poorly understood. Here we investigate canal impacts on smoke aerosol emissions for Indonesian peatland and non-peatland fires by quantifying the resulting changes of smoke aerosol emission coefficient (Ce) that represents total aerosol emissions released from per unit of fire radiative energy. First, we quantified the impacts of canal drainage and backfilling on water table depth (WTD) variations using field data and then expanded such impacts from field to regional scales by correlating field WTD to satellite terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomalies from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment. Second, we estimated Ce from fire radiative power and smoke-aerosol emission rates based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer active fire and multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction aerosol products. Finally, we evaluated the Ce variation with TWS anomalies. The results indicate: (a) Ce is larger in peatland fires than in non-peatland fires; (b) Ce increases significantly as TWS anomalies decrease for both peatland and non-peatland fires; and (c) Ce changes at nearly twice the rate in peatland for a given TWS anomaly range as in non-peatland. These phenomena likely result from the different fuel types and combustion phases prevalent under different moisture conditions. These findings support the Indonesian government’s recent peatland restoration policies and pave the way for improved estimation of tropical biomass burning emissions.
Computation in a general physical setting
Authors: Gilligan-Lee Ciarán M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The computational abilities of theories within the generalised probabilistic theory framework has been the subject of much recent study. Such investigations aim to gain an understanding of the possible connections between physical principles and computation. Moreover, comparing and contrasting the computational properties of quantum theory with other operationally-sensible theories could shed light on the strengths and limitations of quantum computation. This paper reviews and extends some of these results, deriving new bounds on the computational ability of theories satisfying n-local tomography, and theories in which states are represented as generalised superpositions. It moreover provides a refined version of the conjecture that a quantum computer can simulate the computation in any theory within a certain sub-class of generalised probabilistic theories with at most polynomial overhead. The paper ends by describing an important relation between this conjecture and delegated computation, similar to the relation between quantum non-locality and device-independent cryptography.
Traceable functional characterization of surface topography with angular-resolved scattering light measurement
Authors: Eifler Matthias , Brodmann Boris , Hansen Poul Erik , Seewig Jörg 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Among other functional characteristics, tribological properties of workpieces are directly associated with the microstructures on their surface. Thus, a precise, reliable, and traceable acquisition of these microstructures is required to evaluate characteristics of wear, friction, and lubrication on the surface. One suitable method is the angular-resolved scattering light (ARS) measurement that is a very robust measuring technique and can be used for in-process quality monitoring. It is very insensitive to vibrations due to measuring the angular distribution and not the distance between the instrument and workpiece. The instrument provides interesting capabilities for the monitoring of functionally relevant processes as small changes in the surface texture can be detected reliably. The traceability of the measuring principle is challenging as the measurements have to be connected to the basic unit of length. We propose calibration artifacts (material measures) that are manufactured with ultra-precision turning and can be applied for the calibration and verification of the ARS instrument. The design of the material measures is based on a simulation model for the ARS instrument and aims at predefined Aq-values (see the guideline VDA 2009). By using a scattering reference measuring device that is traceable via the power spectral density the traceability of the process is ensured. Results of comparison measurements between multiple ARS instruments show the reproducibility of the measured Aq-values and the practical abilities of the approach for calibration and performance verification.
Growth behavior and kinetics of austenite grain in low-carbon high-strength steel with copper
Authors: Meng Fanyun , Wang Jiaji , Guo Jing , Fu Kuijun , Zhao Ming , Wang Zhongjun , Xu Zhen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A low-carbon high-strength steel with copper has better antibiological corrosion property, more widely used in large marine projects and ships. In this study, an austenite grain growth model of a low-carbon ship plate steel with 1.6Cu was established by using Sellars equation at 900 °C–1200 °C and different holding times (30–120 min) to reveal its kinetics. The pinning effect of grain boundary precipitates was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a quantitative relationship between the solid solution and precipitation behavior of copper bearing precipitates in experimental steel and austenite grain growth was analyzed. The experimental results show that the austenite grains grow slowly, and the grains are fine grains when the heating temperature is below 1000 °C and the transition temperature of rapid grain coarsening is 1000 °C. The relative error of dynamic model can be controlled within 8.5%. During heat treatment, Cu atoms are segregated at the grain boundary to form a copper-rich region, providing a coating effect on the carbide and grain boundary and hindering the growth of grains. With the increase in temperature, the diffusion rate of copper atoms increases, and the precipitates containing copper are rapidly dissolved into austenite. Therefore, the pinning effect is weakened, and the austenite grains grow rapidly.
Experimental and numerical approach to titanium-aluminum explosive welding
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Shi Changgen , Feng Ke , Gao Li , Li Wenxuan , Qian Kun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe welding parameters of TA2/1060/5083 were calculated accurately through a combination of explosive welding weldability window and numerical simulation, based on which explosion welding experiments were conducted using these parameters obtained. Then, a test was carried out on the mechanical properties of the composite plates obtained from the experiments and microstructure characterization was performed. As suggested by the results, TA2/1060 was a excellent straight bond, and the interface of 1060/5083 was a sine-wave featuring both vortex structure and splashing molten block structure, with an average wavelength of 700μm and a wave height of 100μm. The tensile strength and shear strength of the composite materials reached 354 MPa and 110 MPa, respectively, while the material showed the signs of ductile fracture. Moreover, work hardening and fine grain strengthening occurred at the interface, as did the element diffusion of Ti-Al, with a maximum diffusion depth of 32μm.
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Cytomorphologic Features on Fine-Needle Aspiration and Associated Diagnostic Challenges
Authors: Podany Peter , Abi-Raad Rita , Barbieri Andrea , Garritano James , Prasad Manju L , Cai Guoping , Adeniran Adebowale J , Gilani Syed M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy, and early diagnosis, often aided by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), is key to improving patient prognosis. While the current literature describes some of the cytologic features (CFs) of this entity, a comprehensive examination of the CFs has not yet been performed.

Methods
We retrospectively searched our electronic database for ATC cases with available slides between January 2008 and December 2019. Cases were examined for 22 CFs and compared with a control group of differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Results
A total of 18 ATC cases meeting our inclusion criteria were identified. Most cases showed moderate to high cellularity (83%) and epithelioid cytomorphology (83%). Architecture included either predominantly groups/clusters of tumor cells (56%) or single tumor cells (44%). The other CFs were as follows: nuclear enlargement (100%), nuclear crowding (89%), nuclear membrane irregularities (100%), multinucleated tumor cells (33%), and background acute inflammatory cells (50%). Of the CFs examined, statistically significant differences between ATC and the control groups were found in the following: nuclear pleomorphism, coarse/clumped chromatin, macronucleoli, apoptosis, and necrosis.

Conclusions
Identification of key CFs in FNA coupled with the clinical history aids in the diagnosis of ATC and helps distinguish it from other mimickers.
The little fishes that could: smaller fishes demonstrate slow body size evolution but faster speciation in the family Percidae
Authors: Arbour Jessica H , Stanchak Kathryn E 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Body size affects numerous aspects of organismal biology and many factors have been invoked to explain body size distributions in a macroecological and macroevolutionary context. Body size in the freshwater fish family Percidae is strongly right-skewed (i.e. dominated by small sizes), with small body size potentially being associated with fast water habitats. We constructed a new species-level, multi-locus, time-calibrated phylogeny of Percidae, and used it to test for changes in the rate and pattern of maximum body size evolution. We also tested whether speciation rates varied as a function of body size. We found that Etheostomatinae evolved towards a smaller adaptive optimum in body size compared to the other subfamilies of Percidae, and that this shift was associated with a reduction in the rate of body size evolution. Speciation rates were associated with body size across percids, showing a peak around small to medium body size. Small body size appears to partially, but not fully, explain the diversity of small percids, as many darters fall well below the “optimum” body size. Reinforcement of selection for small body size via selection for novel morphologies or via sexual selection may help to fully explain the remarkable diversity of darter radiation.
Ecological and sexual roles of scale mechanoreceptors in two species of Neotropical freshwater snake (Dipsadinae: Helicops)
Authors: García-Cobos Daniela , Gómez-Sánchez Diego A , Crowe-Riddell Jenna M , Sanders Kate L , Molina Jorge 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding the roles of ecological and sexual selection in the variation of sensory systems may elucidate aspects of the natural history of organisms. Little is known about the evolution of mechanoreception in snakes and how the function and structure of mechanoreceptors vary between species or sexes. Here, we describe the internal and external morphology of cephalic mechanoreceptor sensilla and quantify inter- and intraspecific variation in four sensilla traits of two freshwater snake species that differ in their habitat and diet preferences, Helicops pastazae and Helicops angulatus, by combining scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological techniques and image analyses. SEM showed sensilla as prominent evaginations of the epidermis surrounded by concentric rings, with H. pastazae having larger and more heterogeneous sensilla. In both species, histology showed a reduction in the outer epidermal layer above the sensilla with a grouping of dermally derived central cells below it. Higher values of sensilla traits were found in H. pastazae, except for the chin-shields. We also found that males of both species had significantly higher values of sensilla traits on all of the scales examined. We hypothesize that the variation in both qualitative and quantitative traits in scale sensilla might be a consequence of differences in foraging and/or reproductive strategies between species and sexes.
Moments Of (Re)vision: Thomas Hardy Making Amends
Authors: Dema Eva 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Considered far less critically rewarding resources than those of the author’s prose, the manuscripts of Thomas Hardy’s verse have long been neglected. This essay seeks, in part, to challenge the ways in which we attribute significance to such documents, attempting a close textual study of the ‘fair’ copy of Moments of Vision (1917) – a late draft of the volume only minimally revised. The collection is one which invites us to attend to the hitherto overlooked, and in remaining attentive to the seemingly minor alterations of the manuscript itself, I work to uncover Hardy’s attempt to address an oversight of his own. Focusing upon the poems penned for Emma following her death, I read them against the narrative which has traditionally surrounded them: one of a re-visioning of a period of discontent. The manuscript’s revisions are rather those which work against the initial impulse to smooth over animosity, striving consistently to paint a harsher version of events, and to acknowledge differences now past alteration. The way in which an endlessly mutable form allows for reflection upon an ‘immutable’ division holds central focus, as I trace the ways in which this tension complicates the long-established view of the Emma verses as an ‘expiation’. I suggest, rather, that in keeping with a much wider sensibility found running through Hardy’s verse, these revisions work to undermine his attempt to offer the famously neglected Emma a long overdue attention; they are amendments, in short, which problematize the very possibility of amends.
Genome-wide association study for morphological, phenological, quality, and yield traits in einkorn (Triticum monococcumL. subsp.monococcum)
Authors: Volante Andrea , Barabaschi Delfina , Marino Rosanna , Brandolini Andrea 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEinkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum, 2n = 2× = 14, AmAm) is a diploid wheat whose cultivation was widespread in the Mediterranean and European area till the Bronze Age, before it was replaced by the more productive durum and bread wheats. Although scarcely cultivated nowadays, it has gained renewed interest due to its relevant nutritional properties and as source of genetic diversity for crop breeding. However, the molecular basis of many traits of interest in einkorn remain still unknown. A panel of 160 einkorn landraces, from different parts of the distribution area, was characterized for several phenotypic traits related to morphology, phenology, quality, and yield for 4 years in two locations. An approach based on co-linearity with the A genome of bread wheat, supported also by that with Triticum urartu genome, was exploited to perform association mapping, even without an einkorn anchored genome. The association mapping approach uncovered numerous marker-trait associations; for 37 of these, a physical position was inferred by homology with the bread wheat genome. Moreover, numerous associated regions were also assigned to the available T. monococcum contigs. Among the intervals detected in this work, three overlapped with regions previously described as involved in the same trait, while four other regions were localized in proximity of loci previously described and presumably refer to the same gene/QTL. The remaining associated regions identified in this work could represent a novel and useful starting point for breeding approaches to improve the investigated traits in this neglected species.
Vitamin A deficiency affects gene expression in the Drosophila melanogaster head
Authors: Dewett Deepshe , Labaf Maryam , Lam-Kamath Khanh , Zarringhalam Kourosh , Rister Jens 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A causes various human diseases. For instance, chronic vitamin A deprivation causes blindness, slow growth, impaired immunity, and an increased risk of mortality in children. In contrast to these diverse effects of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in mammals, chronic VAD in flies neither causes obvious developmental defects nor lethality. As in mammals, VAD in flies severely affects the visual system: it impairs the synthesis of the retinal chromophore, disrupts the formation of the visual pigments (Rhodopsins), and damages the photoreceptors. However, the molecular mechanisms that respond to VAD remain poorly understood. To identify genes and signaling pathways that are affected by VAD, we performed RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. We found an upregulation of genes that are essential for the synthesis of the retinal chromophore, specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and major nutrient reservoir proteins. We also discovered that VAD affects several genes that are required for the termination of the light response: for instance, we found a downregulation of both arrestin genes that are essential for the inactivation of Rhodopsin. A comparison of the VAD-responsive genes with previously identified blue light stress-responsive genes revealed that the two types of environmental stress trigger largely nonoverlapping transcriptome responses. Yet, both stresses increase the expression of seven genes with poorly understood functions. Taken together, our transcriptome analysis offers insights into the molecular mechanisms that respond to environmental stresses.
Analysing the impact of private health insurance on inequities in health care utilization: a longitudinal study from China
Authors: Wu Runguo , Ercia Angelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the early 2000s, Chinese government has sought to encourage the growth of private health insurance (PHI) while simultaneously expanding the breadth of coverage in its social health insurance (SHI) system. This paper examines how the prevalence of PHI has changed during this period and the extent to which PHI contributed to the growth of horizontal and geographical inequities with a focus on healthcare utilization. National data from China Health and Nutrition Survey between 2000 and 2015 were analysed using a multilevel modelling approach. The analysis investigated the impact of SHI membership as related to PHI uptake, PHI enrolees’ utilization of health services and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. This study found being covered by an SHI scheme reduced the uptake of PHI between 2004 and 2015. Having PHI caused an increase in utilizing outpatient care but did not affect OOP expenses. Coverage prevalence of PHI in a residential community was positively associated with the average level of healthcare utilization. Coverage prevalence of PHI and its effects on healthcare utilization varied geographically. The findings suggest that expanding the role of PHI was not effective without clear support from government policy. Furthermore, the expansion of PHI may cause an increase in horizontal and geographical inequities in healthcare utilization.