bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Authors: Oluleye Tunji S. , Babalola Yewande Olubunmi , Majekodunmi Oluwole Iyiola , Ijaduola Modupe A. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Sickle cell retinopathy is a recognized complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) which may lead to visual impairment or blindness. Despite this, many patients with SCD hemoglobinopathy SC and SS are unaware of their genotype, hence resulting in only occasional or no eye checks with possibilities of getting blind.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the genotype awareness, pattern of presentation, and treatment of sickle cell retinopathy in Ibadan.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of the case notes of 64 patients with the diagnosis of sickle cell retinopathy seen over two years (January 2018 to December 2019). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, ophthalmic assessment, and treatment performed on patients were extracted onto pro forma. Information obtained included age, sex, sickle cell genotype, genotype awareness from their medical history, retinal findings using Goldberg classification, and treatment modalities for the patients. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS software version 22. Analysis was done using proportions and percentages.

Results:
Medical records of 64 patients were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 39.05 ± 10.48 (range: 20–65) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Sixty (93.8%) patients had genotype SC. Forty-six (71.8%) patients were aware of their genotype. Fifty-six patients presented with Proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR) in the right eye, while 55 had PSR in the left eye. These spanned all the different grades of PSR. Treatment offered at the first visit included laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab), vitrectomy, and scleral buckle. At subsequent follow-up visits, detailed ocular examination on patients was done to look out for new/active lesions. If any of these lesions were found, repeat or additional treatment was offered to help stabilize and/or improve the best-corrected visual acuity of patients.

Conclusion:
This study has demonstrated high genotype awareness among the studied patients. Despite this high awareness, majority of our patients presented with varying stages of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy. While our patients had more than one type of treatment, some defaulted due to lack of funds. Therefore, to improve the quality of life of SCD patients, it is essential for health-care providers and other stakeholders to design policies for sustainable and accessible eye care programs to avoiding needless blindness from sickle cell retinopathy.
Pattern and Outcome of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Managed at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Ishaku Cornelius Mahdi , Jawa Buba Kabaju , Maduagwu Stanley Monday , Hassan Auwal Bello , Lawan Aliyu , Rufa'i Adamu Ahmad , Oyeyemi Adetoyeje Yoonus 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Understanding pattern and outcome of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) will inform better management which expectedly would improve prognosis and minimise complications.

Methods:
A retrospective study was carried out on all managed TSCI cases from January 2009 to December 2018. Sociodemographic characteristics, injury type, cause and complications were extracted from patients' registers and case folders. Descriptive statistics summarised the data, and Fisher's exact test analysed associations between variables.

Results:
Eighty-one cases met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Most cases (91.4%) were males, aged 18–39 years (65.4%) and were civil servants (37.0%). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the leading cause of injury (37.0%) and incomplete lesion predominated (69.1%). Cases referred for physiotherapy constituted 77.8%, only 14.8% of cases recovered without neurological deficits. On discharge, most patients were wheelchair bound (33.3%). Region of spine affected showed significant association with complications developed (P = 0.01). RTA caused more dead as a cause of injury was found to be significantly associated with outcome (P = 0.04). Referral for physiotherapy showed significant association with outcome (P = 0.01), so also, region of spine affected with outcome (0.01). The study found a significant association between type of injury and functional status (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The study concludes that young adults of working class were mostly affected, and RTA and gunshots injuries were the leading causes of TSCI. Findings such as the association found between regions of spine affect and complication developed on admission will help healthcare providers identify those susceptible and offer prompt preventive measures.
Effect of Voice Reminder on Compliance with Recommended Hand Hygiene Practise among Health-care Workers in Kano Metropolis
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Gajida Auwal Umar , Garba Rayyan Muhammad , Gadanya Muktar Ahmed , Umar Amina Abdullahi , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Adamu Aishatu Lawan , Ismai Fatimah , Tsiga-Ahmed  , Gwarzo Dalha Halliru , Abdussalam Kabiru , Danzomo Abba Ahmed , Aliyu Muhammed Sani , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Poor compliance with recommended hand hygiene practise by health-care workers is an emerging public health threat associated with significant morbidity, mortality and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms.

Objective:
This study assessed the effect of voice reminder on compliance with recommended hand hygiene practise among the baseline, and post-intervention compliance with recommended hand hygiene among health-care workers using the WHO checklist for observation of 5-moments of hand hygiene of health-care workers in Kano.

Methods:
Quasi-experimental study design was used. A total of 408 (204 in each arm) baseline and post-intervention observations were conducted in two hospitals in Kano, selected using a multistage sampling technique. Voice reminders were installed in the intervention hospital, and post-intervention observation was conducted 3 months after introducing a voice reminder. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis. Relationship between variables was tested using χ2 and McNemar's test within the groups at 0.05 α-level of significance.

Results:
Baseline compliance with hand hygiene in the intervention and control hospitals were 31.4% and 48.0%, respectively. Post-intervention compliance in the intervention and control hospitals were found to be 78.0% and 65.2%, respectively. Voice reminder improved compliance with hand hygiene practise when compared with baseline by +148% (P# = 0.3) in the intervention hospital compared with +36% (P# =0.1) in the control hospital. The differences were not statistically significant post-intervention when compared with the baseline.

Conclusions:
Voice reminder intervention improved hand hygiene compliance among health-care workers in the intervention hospital compared with the control hospital. Voice reminders should be provided in the hospitals by stakeholders. This can help in improving compliance with hand hygiene among health-care workers and reducing the burden of hospital-acquired infections due to the hands of health-care workers.
A Survey of the use of Tourniquet among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Nigeria
Authors: Ajibade Adesina , Oladipo Olusegun Michael , Lawal Ya'u Zakari , Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The modern arterial tourniquet is an automatic tourniquet system which contains many features that help to minimise complications and improve safety. However, the non-pneumatic tourniquet is still in use, a practice that may be commoner in resource-constrained settings. This study was conducted to investigate the types of tourniquet available and used by orthopaedic surgeons in Nigeria as well as the practical aspects and complications of their use of the tourniquet.

Materials and Methods:
At an Annual General Meeting/Scientific Conference of Nigerian Orthopaedic Association, a survey was conducted among orthopaedic surgeons using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire which contained questions on types of tourniquet, practical aspects of the use of tourniquet and complications.

Results:
The non-pneumatic tourniquet was usually used by 60.2% of the respondents and 58.1% of those who had both pneumatic and non-pneumatic tourniquets used the latter more commonly. In most cases, the tourniquet was applied by surgeons or surgical residents on the arm or thigh. Surgeons who had ever used the tourniquet in diabetic patients were 71.6% while 29.5% had used it in patients with sickle cell disease. Tourniquet duration was usually 1½ h and 2 h in the upper and lower limbs, respectively. The two most common complications were tourniquet palsy and tourniquet pain.

Conclusions:
The non-pneumatic tourniquet was more commonly used than the pneumatic tourniquet. Application of the tourniquet on sites other than the thigh and the upper arm were uncommon. The most common complication was neurologic injury.
Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Anti-Zika Virus Immunoglobulin
Authors: White Jane , Tunga Priya , Anderson Deborah M. , Iledan Ken , Loreth Tobi , Parrera Geraldine S. , Astacio Hugo , Drobic Bojan , Richardson Jason S. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted primarily through infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. ZIKV infection during pregnancy was linked to adverse fetal/infant outcomes, including microcephaly, brain anomalies, ocular disorders, intrauterine growth restriction, and other congenital malformations. Human anti-Zika virus immunoglobulin (ZIKV-Ig) is being developed for prophylaxis of ZIKV in at-risk populations, including women of childbearing potential and pregnant women. A phase 1 single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single 50.0-mL ZIKV-Ig intravenous dose in healthy adult male or non-pregnant female subjects 18 to 55 years of age. Subjects received either ZIKV-Ig (n = 19) or saline placebo (n = 11). Safety was evaluated based on adverse events (AEs), laboratory test results, physical examinations, and vital signs. Overall, there were 11 subjects (36.7%) with treatment-related AEs including eight subjects (42.1%) in the ZIKV-Ig group and three subjects (27.3%) in the placebo group. Of the AEs considered treatment related, three subjects (15.8%) experienced headache (mild). There were no serious AEs, no deaths, and no discontinuations resulting from AEs. Overall, the safety profile of ZIKV-Ig in this study population of healthy adult subjects appeared to be safe and well tolerated. The results of the pharmacokinetic analysis determined that ZIKV-Ig had a maximum observed concentration of 182.3 U/mL (coefficient of variation, 21.3%), the time at which Cmax occurred of 2.3 hours ± 1.0 (SD), an area under the concentration–time curve0–∞ of 77,224 h × U/mL (coefficient of variation, 17.9%), and a half-life of 28.1 days, which is similar to other human-derived commercial Ig intravenous products.
Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech in Ethiopia: Observations (Amharic)
Authors: Degol Aron , Mulugeta Bebizuh 
Published: October 2021

Freedom of expression is one of the human rights enshrined under International human right instruments. However, hate speech in the course of exercising this right has the potential to pose threats on the peace and security of nations and wellbeing of individuals. This has brought about arguments in favor of limitations to expression and against the limitations owing to unintended adverse impact of such limitations in the exercise of freedom of expression. In the Ethiopian case, ‘Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No. 1185/ 2020’ has been enacted. The Proclamation indicates prohibited acts of hate speech and its exceptions. In particular, the generic terms contained in the definition given to ‘hate speech’ need to be carefully examined. However, the implications of provisions that set exceptions to ‘hate speech’ in the new law have not yet been subject to adequate academic discourse. This article examines these issues. By consulting different international human rights instruments, experience of other countries and scholarly literature, the article examines the appropriateness, constitutionality and implications of the Proclamation on the right to freedom of expression. Moreover, it indicates potential challenges that the exceptions will pose on the process of implementing the Proclamation in real court cases.
El juego de los abalorios: del Último Teorema de Fermat a los Solitones Ópticos
Authors: Fujioka Jorge , Rodríguez Alfredo Gómez , Cerón Áurea Espinosa 
Published: October 2021

Siguiendo la idea del Juego de los Abalorios (de Hermann Hesse), en este trabajo investigamos qué relación existe entre el último Teorema de Fermat (UTF) y los solitones ópticos. Para encontrar esta relación examinamos los pasos principales que condujeron a la demostración del UTF, empezando por la conjetura de Taniyama-Shimura, y pasando por las contribuciones de Hellegouarch, Frey y Ribet, hasta llegar al trabajo de Wiles. Posteriormente examinamos algunas de las ecuaciones que describen a los solitones ópticos. De este análisis se desprende que las curvas elípticas constituyen el puente que relaciona ambos temas. Veremos, además, que las ecuaciones que describen solitones ópticos también podrían tener alguna relación con la criptografía. Finalmente veremos que los resultados encontrados en este trabajo nos permiten proponer 2 conjeturas que constituyen temas de investigación para el futuro.

Following the idea of the Glass Bead Game (by Hermann Hesse), in this work we investigate what relation exists between Fermat´s Last Theorem (FLT) and the optical solitons. To find such a relationship we examine the principal steps which lead to the demonstration of FLT, starting from Taniyama-Shimura´s conjecture, then paying attention to the contributions of Hellegouarch, Frey and Ribet, and finally the work of Wiles. Then we examine some of the equations which describe optical solitons. From this analysis it follows that the elliptic curves constitute the bridge that connects both topics. Moreover, we will observe that the equations which describe optical solitons might also be related to cryptography. Finally, we will see that the results found in this communication permit us to propose 2 conjectures that constitute research topics for future works.
Analisis Konten Aqidah pada Poster Digital di Akun Instagram @Mudaberdakwah
Authors: Zakiyah Maulida , Anggrayni Dewi , Hamdani Ikhwan 
Published: October 2021

The development of Technology and Information which is now increasingly sophisticated and growing rapidly so that people are required to be able to choose and determine the information needed or information that is more universal or comprehensive. itself, several social media sites have been introduced and become popular all over the world. These types of social media are Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Linkedin, Instagram, Whatsapp, etc. Each social media certainly has its own purpose for its users to share their experiences, ideas, or life moments. Instagram is the social media most interested in by the Indonesian people, number 2 after Facebook, the largest number of Instagram users in Asia Pacific. Seeing from the side of the advantages of Instagram, it returns to the user when using Instagram with positive things, of course the information that will be received will be positive, but it is another thing if the user uses Instagram media with negative things, the things he will receive will be negative. That's why people need to use this media properly and appropriately. Da'wah accounts are also popping up on Instagram. Spreading Islamic religious messages is packaged very attractively in order to attract modern society, because with a new place to preach, now Instagram social media can be a promising target or target. Because of that, not a few people have come to know and learn about the religion of Islam with these da'wah accounts on Instagram. Da'wah packaged in the form of digital posters can be called da'wah which aims to convey information or messages packaged through social media, besides that also related to making or choosing signs and arranging them in the form of images to convey an idea, one of the results is a poster or leaflet where the poster is a medium that can make everyone interested also does not require a lot of money. large and also fast and efficient in conveying an idea and a message of kindness.
Pengaruh Minat Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Ma’mun Syukron , Suryana Agus , Kurnia Nia 
Published: October 2021

This study aims to: 1) obtain data on the understanding of the science of recitation of the santri at the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency; 2) obtaining data on the ability to memorize the Al-Quran of Santri at Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency; 3) find out the correlation between the understanding of tajwid and the ability to memorize Al-Quran of students at the Al-Hidayah Islamic boarding school, Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency. The total research population is 100 people. Samples were taken using a simple random sample technique of 30 respondents. The research approach uses quantitative methods. The technique of collecting data used a written test and a practical test. Data analysis technique, to determine the correlation of variable X (understanding of tajwid science) with variable Y (ability to memorize Al-Quran) using Pearson Product Moment correlation test technique. The calculated r index is 0.703, which is greater than r table = 0.361, which is significant. This means that the understanding of tajwid has a correlation with the ability to memorize the Qur'an. The KD index (Determinant Coefficient) is 49.42% which indicates that the X variable (understanding of recitation science) contributes 42.12% to the Y variable (the ability to memorize the Quran), and the remaining 50.58% is determined by other factors .

Nia Kurnia
IAI Nasional Laa Roiba
PENGARUH KOMPRES HANGAT GARAM KROSOK TERHADAP NYERI LUTUT PADA LANSIA DI KELURAHAN DARMO KECAMATAN WONOKROMO SURABAYA
Authors: Astuti Eny 
Published: October 2021

Setiap orang, apalagi lansia (lanjut usia), tentu pernah merasakan nyeri selama perjalanan hidupnya. Perasaan nyeri ini kualitas dan kuantitasnya berbeda dari satu orang ke orang lain, tergantung dari tempat nyeri, waktu, penyebab dan lain-lain. Nyeri adalah sesuatu hal yang bersifat subjektif, tidak ada dua orang sekalipun yang mengalami kesamaan rasa nyeri. Beberapa terapi nonfarmakologi yang dapat diambil guna membantu mengurangi nyeri sendi pada lansia adalah kompres garam hangat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompres air garam hangat terhadap nyeri sendi pada lansia. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan dan menggunakan desain one group pretest-posttest. Variabel independen yaitu terapi dan one group pretest-posttest. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 13 responden dengan metode consecutive sampling. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Sebelum dilakukan kompres garam hangat di dapatkan skala nyeri sedang 11 lansia (84,6%) sedangkan sesudah dilakukan kompres garam hangat di dapatkan skala nyeri ringan 12 lansia (92,3%) Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukan penurunan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan nilai p= 0,000, sehingga ada pengaruh kompres hangat garam krosok terhadap nyeri lutut pada lansia di kelurahan Darmo Kecamatan Wonokromo Surabaya .Oleh karena itu penggunaan kompres hangat garam krosok dapat dipakai sebagai alternatif penanganan nyeri sendi pada lutut untuk lansia.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN CONTINUITY OF CARE PADA NY “A” USIA 24 TAHUN GIP0000 DARI MASA KEHAMILAN HINGGA MASA NIFAS DI PMB ANY ISWAHYUNI, SURABAYA
Authors: Rhomadona Shinta Wurdiana , Leberina Elvina 
Published: October 2021

Angka kematian ibu (AKI) dan angka kematian bayi (AKB) menjadi salah satu indikator penting dari derajat kesehatan masyarakat. COC. Untuk mencegah atau mengurangi AKI dan AKB tenaga kesehatan memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas secara COC.Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah menerapkan asuhan kebidanan komprehensif secara Continuity Of Care pada Ny.A di PMB Any Iswahyuni Surabaya Pendekatan yang dilakukan secara diskriptif dimana peneliti mengumpulkan data dan mendiskripsikan proses asuhan kebidanan secara komprehensif dengan anamnesa dan observasi kepada ibu hamil trimester III, bersalin, nifas, bayi baru lahir, dan keluarga berencana dan didokumentasikan dengan model SOAP yaitu pengumpulan data subjektif, objektif, assessment serta penatalaksanaan. Hasil penelitian dilakukan pendampingan secara COC di PMB Listiani baik secara langsung maupun telemedicine dari tanggal 03 Januari 2021 sampai dengan 8 Maret 2021 Asuhan kebidanan Ny.A pada kehamilan, proses persalinan, nifas, bayi baru lahir, dan keluarga berencana tidak ditemukan kesenjangan antara teori dan kasus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai tenaga kesehatan bidan dapat menenerapkan asuhan kebidanan secara COC dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan yang membutuhkan hubungan terus menerus antara pasien dan tenaga kesehatan, yaitu memantau kondisi ibu hamil mulai dari awal kehamilan sampai proses persalinan ke tenaga kesehatan, pemantauan bayi baru lahir dari tanda infeksi, komplikasi pasca lahir serta fasilitator untuk pasangan usia subur dalam pelayanan keluarga berencana.
Hinges, Deep Disagreement and Fixed Points in the Argumentation Logic
Authors: Lisanyuk Elena 
Published: October 2021

In his treatise ‘On Certainty’ (1969) L. Wittgenstein compared the propositions ex- pressing basic principles to the hinges enabling both doubting and justifying knowledge. In 1985 Robert Fogelin proposed the conception of deep disagreement in argumentation analysis and in his description of it he referred to the hinges. We continue Wittgenstein’s hinges metaphor and compare pulling and pushing the door of knowledge to adopting contrary standings about principal issues, which can result in the deep disagreements. We suggest looking at the hinges enabling those door moves as at the fixed points in the extension semantic of the argumen- tation logic. Interpreting the hinges as the fixed points allows viewing rejected arguments as isolated deadlocks of the deep disagreements, or anti-extensions, and opens a possibility for a compromise on the basis of certain extensions.
В трактате «О достоверности» (1969) Л. Витгенштейн сравнил предложения, выражающие ключевые принципы знаний людей, с дверными петлями, без которых невозможно ни обосновывать знание, ни сомневаться в нём. В 1985 году Роберт Фогелин предложил понятие глубокого несогласия для анализа аргументации и, описывая его свойства, сослался на дверные петли Витгенштейна. Если продолжить метафору дверных петель Витгенштейна, то, если дверь познания толкают или тянут, это ведет к глубоким разногласиям по принципиальным вопросам. В русле этого мы предлагаем посмотреть на дверные петли как на неподвижные точки в семантике расширения логики аргументации. Это позволяет рассматривать отклоненные аргументы как изолированные тупики глубоких разногласий и открывает возможность для компромисса на основе определённых расширений.