bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINE-1 and Alu methylation Signatures in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Function in The Regulation of Autism-Related Genes
Authors: Saeliw Thanit , Permpoon Tiravut , Iadsee Nutta , Tencomnao Tewin , Sarachana Tewarit , Green Daniel , Sae-Lee Chanachai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLong interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu elements are retrotransposons whose abilities cause abnormal gene expression and genomic instability. Several studies have focused on DNA methylation profiling of gene regions, but the locus-specific methylation of LINE-1 and Alu elements has not been identified in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsHere, DNA methylation age was predicted using Horvath’s method. We interrogated locus- and family-specific methylation profiles of LINE-1 and Alu elements (22,352 loci) in ASD blood using publicly-available Illumina Infinium 450K methylation datasets from heterogeneous ASD (n = 52), ASD with 16p11.2 del (n = 7), and ASD with Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 8 (CHD8) variants (n = 15). The differentially methylated positions of LINE-1 and Alu elements corresponding to genes were combined with transcriptome data from multiple ASD studies. ROC curve was conducted to examine the specificity of target loci.ResultsEpigenetic age acceleration was significantly decelerated in ASD children over the age of 11 years. DNA methylation profiling revealed LINE-1 and Alu methylation signatures in each ASD risk loci by which global methylation were notably hypomethylated exclusively in ASD with CHD8 variants. When LINE-1 and Alu elements were clustered into subfamilies, we found methylation changes in a family-specific manner in L1P, L1H, HAL, AluJ, and AluS families in the heterogeneous ASD and ASD with CHD8 variants. Our results showed that LINE-1 and Alu methylation within target genes is inversely related to the expression level in each ASD variant. Moreover, LINE-1 and Alu methylation signatures can be used to predict ASD individuals from non-ASD.LimitationsIntegration of methylome and transcriptome datasets was performed from different ASD cohorts. The small sample size of the validation cohort used post-mortem brain tissues and necessitates future validation in a larger cohort.ConclusionsThe DNA methylation signatures of the LINE-1 and Alu elements in ASD, as well as their functional impact on ASD-related genes, have been studied. These findings are considered for further research into DNA methylation profiles and the expression of the LINE-1 and Alu elements in post-mortem brain tissue, which has been linked to ASD pathogenesis.
Quantitative Assessment of Dynamic Stability Characteristics for Jet Transport in Sudden Plunging Motion
Authors: Wang Yonghu , Chang Ray C. , Jiang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to present a training program of loss control prevention for the airlines to enhance aviation safety and operational efficiency. The assessments of dynamic stability characteristics based on the approaches of oscillatory motion and eigenvalue motion modes for jet transport aircraft response to sudden plunging motions are demonstrated in this article. A twin-jet transport aircraft encountering severe clear-air turbulence in transonic flight during the descending phase will be examined as the study case. The flight results in sudden plunging motions with abrupt changes in attitude and gravitational acceleration (i.e. the normal load factor). Development of the required thrust and aerodynamic models with the flight data mining and the fuzzy-logic modeling techniques will be presented. The oscillatory derivatives extracted from these aerodynamic models are then used in the study of variations in stability characteristics during the sudden plunging motion. The fuzzy-logic aerodynamic models are utilized to estimate the nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics while performing numerical integration of flight dynamic equations. The eigenvalues of all motion modes are obtained during time integration. The present quantitative assessment method is an innovation to examine possible mitigation concepts of accident prevention and promote the understanding of aerodynamic responses of the jet transport aircraft.
Application seismic refraction method to characterize the building site of Injibara University building site,injibara Ethiopia
Authors: Mulualem Abraham 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Geophysical investigation using seismic refraction method was conducted for engineering characterization of the foundation conditions of Injibara University buildings construction site located in Injibara town of Amhara Regional State, northwestern Ethiopia. The principal objective of the research was studying the suitability of the foundation earth materials underlying the site, where Injibara University is established. The seven refraction seismic spreads, seismic velocity models interpretation have provided valuable geotechnical information incorporated with available geologic information in the study area. Interpretation of geophysical data revealed that the subsurface geology of the area is composed of three layers. The topsoil consisted of clay, silt and sand mixtures having a 1-4 m thickness and 255-510 m/s p-wave velocity ranges are mapped over the whole area. The second layer attributed to the highly weathered and fractured vesicular basalt is characterized by 948-1802 m/s P-wave velocity range and revealed somewhat undulating morphology. The depth extent of this layer varies from about 10m on the North West end and southeastern parts and to about 27m around the central part. The third layer occurred in the depth range of 10-27m is characterized by greater than 2550m/s average high p-wave velocity and it is due to moderately weathered and fractured basaltic bedrock, which is deeper near to the center of the profiles and gets shallower towards North West end and southeastern portions. Besides, analyses of collected data have suggested the possible locations of minor structural discontinuities (maybe local fractures).The geophysical results show that the bedrock is found at shallow depth in the northwestern end and southeastern part of the study area, whereas in the central part of the survey area the bedrock is found relatively at high depth. Therefore, setting the building foundation is more recommended in the southeastern part of the construction site.
Expression of transcription factor SALL4 in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its relationship with epithelial mesenchymal transformation
Authors: Zhang Wenmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate the expression levels of spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) in bladder urothelial carcinoma, and determine its role and underlying mechanism of action in mediating the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
Methods

SALL4 expression was examined in 170 bladder patient urothelial carcinoma tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. Using a SALL4 overexpression plasmid and siRNA-SALL4, the effects of overexpressing and silencing SALL4 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of T24 and 5637 bladder cancer cells was examined using CCK8, migration and invasion assays. Western blot analysis was performed to detect epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression.
Results

The expression rate of SALL4 in low-grade and high-grade urothelial carcinomas was found to be 10% and 49.12%, respectively (P < 0.001), while SALL4 expression was not observed in the normal urothelium. SALL4 protein expression was positively correlated with histological grade, depth of invasion, lymphatic metastasis and vascular invasion of bladder urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.05). In addition, a shorter overall survival time and poor prognosis was observed in the SALL4 protein expression group. Overexpression of SALL4 led to significantly increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of SALL4 had the opposite effect. In the SALL4 overexpression group, N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and β-catenin expression were significantly increased, while E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Promotion of EMT was also observed in SALL4-overexpressing cells. In contrast, in the SALL4-siRNA-treated group, EMT was reversed and β-catenin expression was reduced.
Conclusions

Our data show that the SALL4 gene is associated with the proliferation, invasion and poor prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma, and may mediate its effects via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates the EMT pathway. Thus, down-regulation of SALL4 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Does the Socioeconomic Status Predict Health Service Utilization in Persons with Enhanced Health Care Needs? Results from A Population-Based Survey in Persons with Spinal Cord Lesions from Switzerland
Authors: Fekete Christine , Debnar Caroline , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Gemperli Armin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that the socioeconomic status (SES) affects individuals' health service utilization. Spinal cord injury is a condition that often leads to physical impairments and enhanced health care needs. It therefore presents an informative and yet under-researched case in point to investigate social inequalities in health service utilization. This study aims to describe associations between SES and health service utilization in adults with spinal cord injury from Switzerland.Methods: We use cross-sectional data from 1,294 participants of the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study community survey 2017. SES was operationalized with education, household income, perceived financial hardship, subjective status, and granting of supplementary financial benefits. Health service utilization was assessed with information on visits to 13 different health care providers and four health care institutions (inpatient stays, outpatient clinics, emergency departments, specialized spinal cord centers) during the past 12 months. The dichotomized outcomes on service utilization (visited vs. not visited) were regressed on SES indicators, including adjustments for sociodemographics, lesion characteristics, and health status. Results: Persons with higher SES reported higher likelihood for specialist, dentist, and dental hygienist visits and reported utilizing a larger number of different care providers. Further, specific SES indicators were associated with certain care provider visits (i.e., higher education and subjective status: higher odds for pharmacist visits; higher income: higher odds for natural healer visits; higher subjective status: higher odds for chiropractor visits; supplementary benefit granting: higher odds for general practitioner and home care service visits). We found statistically non-significant trends towards lower likelihood for inpatient stays, outpatient clinic and emergency department visits and enhanced likelihood for specialized spinal cord-center visits in higher SES groups. Conclusions: This study generally supports the claim that basic health care provision is guaranteed for all patients with spinal cord injury in Switzerland, independently of their SES. However, social inequalities were still observed for the utilization of specific providers, such as oral health care providers. Given that oral health is key for health maintenance in persons with spinal cord injury, specific interventions to enhance regular dental check-ups in lower SES groups are highly recommended.
Are There Doctors Who Don’t Believe in the Vaccine: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Korchevoi Sergei , Petraikin Alexey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research aims to shed some light on one of the facets of how the information flow including that in the media relates to one’s real vaccine hesitancy. Specifically, we are interested in the possible input of medical experts’ opinions on formation of people’s attitude towards vaccine hesitancy. Phenomenology was chosen as the methodological and epistemological base for the study. The obtained description of the experience and attitudes of medical workers who feel vaccine hesitancy can contribute to further studies of challenges spawned not only by the current COVID-19 pandemic but can also provide hints in other situations of social turmoil.
A740003 Can Reverse Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Prevent Extracellular Matrix Degradation by NF-KB Pathway in Facet Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: xue pengfei , Wu Guanyin , jin huricha , jiang jiawei , zhang Mo , chen chu , gui chao , bao guofeng , xu guanhua , cui zhiming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) is one of the common causes of low back pain, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have found that P2X7 receptor has been proved to play an important role in skeletal and joint diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of A740003, selective P2X7R antagonist, in the development of FJOA. Our study found that A740003 can inhibit the expression of P2X7R in OA chondrocytes. It can lead to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in primary chondrocytes by IL-1β/BzATP. Our results imply that decreased P2X7R can reverse chondrocyte apoptosis and prevent extracellular matrix degradation by NF-KB pathway. Moreover, in our present work, we found that A740003 inhibit the abrrently activation of NF-KB pathway by preventing the activated P65 translocation to nucleus. Our results indicate that P2X7R is a therapeutic target for the treatment of FJOA, and that A740003 could be a therapeutic candidate for this clinical application.
Associations of Healthcare Utilization and Costs with Increasing Pain and Treatment Intensity Levels in Osteoarthritis Patients: an 18-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Graham Jove , Novosat Tonia , Sun Haiyan , Piper Brian J. , Boscarino Joseph A. , Kern Melissa , Hayduk Vanessa , Wright Eric , Beck Craig , Robinson Rebecca , Casey Edward , Hall Jerry , Schepman Patricia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease, and prior studies have documented the health and economic burdens of patients with OA compared to those without OA. Our goal was to use two strategies to further stratify OA patients based on both pain and treatment intensity to examine healthcare utilization and costs using electronic records from 2001-2018 at a large integrated health system. Methods Adult patients with ≥1 pain numerical rating score (NRS) and diagnosis of OA were included. Pain episodes of ≥90 days were defined as mild (0-3), moderate (4-6) or severe (7-10) based on initial NRS. Patients were initially classified as mild and moved to moderate-severe OA if any of eight treatment-based criteria were met. Outpatient visits (OP), emergency department visits (ED), inpatient days, and healthcare costs (both all-cause and OA-specific) were compared among pain levels and OA severity levels as frequencies and per-member-per-year rates, using generalized linear regression models adjusting for age, sex and body mass index, with contrasts of p<0.05 considered significant. ResultsWe identified 127,656 patients, 92,576 with pain scores. Moderate and severe pain were associated with significantly higher rates of OA-related utilization and costs, and all-cause ED visits and pharmacy costs. Moderate-severe OA patients had significantly higher OA-related utilization and costs, and all-cause OP, ED and pharmacy costs. ConclusionsPain and treatment intensity were both strongly associated with OA-related resource utilization but not consistently with all-cause utilization. With better understanding of how OA patients intensify services, thus increasing costs, we can deploy targeted preventative strategies aimed at halting progression into more costly phases of the disease.
Using Ground Reaction Forces To Predict Fatigue In Treadmill Running: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Junior Sérgio Baldo , Santos Thiago Faria dos , Tinós Renato , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The analysis of running patterns, especially those associated with fatigue, can help specialists in designing more efficient workouts and preventing injuries in high-performance sports. However, classifying running patterns is not trivial for humans. An interesting alternative is to use Machine Learning methods, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), to classify running patterns. In this work, ground reaction forces are measured by sensors coupled to the base of a low-cost open-source treadmill. ANNs are used to classify the force signals and to indicate the occurrence of fatigue. Different features, extracted from the force signals, are proposed and investigated. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to select the best features. The experimental results indicate that the ANN is able to classify the running patterns with good accuracy. In addition, some features selected by the GA provide important information regarding the identification of fatigue in treadmill running.
Household financial burden associated with health care for older people in Viet Nam: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Giang Nguyen Hoang , Vinh Nguyen The , Phuong Hoang Thi , Thang Nguyen Thi , Oanh Tran Thi Mai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Population ageing and the associated increase in the health care needs of older people are putting pressure on the health care system in Viet Nam. The country prioritizes health care for older people and has developed financial protection policies to mitigate financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHEs) borne by their households. This study examines the level and determinants of the financial burden of OOPHE among households with people aged ≥60 years in Viet Nam. Methods A cross-sectional household survey was conducted among a sample of 1536 older people living in 1477 households in three provinces representing the North, Central and South regions of Viet Nam during 2019–2020. The financial outcomes were catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), using the World Health Organization's definition, and financial distress due to OOPHE. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with these outcomes. Results OOPHE for older household members accounted for 86.3% of total household health expenditure. Of households with older people, 8.6% (127) faced CHE, and 12.2% (181) experienced financial distress due to OOPHE. Households were at a higher risk of incurring financial burdens related to health expenditures if they had fewer household members; included only older people; were in rural or remote, mountainous areas; and had older members with noncommunicable diseases. There was no significant association between health insurance coverage and financial burden. However, when older people sought tertiary care or private care, the possibility of a household facing CHE increased. Regardless of the type and level of care, health service utilization by older people results in a higher likelihood of a household encountering financial distress. Conclusions This study reveals that OOPHE for older people can impose substantial financial burdens on households, leading them to face CHE and financial distress. This study provides evidence to justify reforming financial protection policies and introducing policy interventions targeted at better protecting older people and their households from the financial consequences of OOPHE. There is also the need to strengthen the grassroots health facilities to provide primary care closer to home at lower costs, particularly for the management of noncommunicable diseases.
Genetic Parameters and Selection in Full-Sib Families of Tall Fescue Using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) Analysis of Animal Breeding and Genetic
Authors: Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Taleb Mohammad Hadi , Rostami Davoud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Better understanding of genetic structure of economic traits is crucial for identification and selection of superior genotypes in specific breeding programs. Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is the most efficient method in this regards, which is poorly used in forage plant breeding. The present study aimed to assess genetic variation, estimate genetic parameters, and predict breeding values of five essential traits in full sib families (recognized by EST-SSR markers) of tall fescue using REML/BLUP procedure. Method: Forty-two full-sib families of tall fescue (included of 120 individual genotypes), recognized by EST-SSR markers’ along with twenty-one their corresponding parental genotypes were assessed for biomass production and agro-morphological traits at three harvests (spring, summer, and autumn) in the field during 4 years (2017-2020). Results: Considerable genotypic variability was observed for all traits. Low narrow-sense heritability (h2n) for dry forage yield (DFY) at three harvest indicates that non-additive gene actions may play an important role in the inheritance of this trait. Higher h2n of yield related traits and flowering time and also significant genetic correlation of these traits with forage yield, suggests that selection based on these traits via developing an index may lead to indirect genetic improvement of DFY. Conclusion: Our results showed the adequacy of REML/BLUP procedure for identification and selection of preferable parental genotypes and progenies with higher breeding values for future breeding programs such as variety development in tall fescue. Parental genotypes 21M, 1M, and 20L were identified as superior and stable genotypes and could also produce the best hybrid combinations when they were mostly used as maternal parent.
Indigenous Lands at Risk: Identifying Global Challenges and Opportunities in the Face of Industrial Development
Authors: Kennedy Christina M. , Fariss Brandie , Oakleaf James R. , Garnett Stephen T. , Fernández-Llamazares Álvaro , Fa Julia E. , Baruch-Mordo Sharon , Kiesecker Joseph 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Indigenous Peoples’ (IP) stewardship has helped conserve biodiversity and maintain healthy ecosystems worldwide. Among many challenges to this role are mounting pressures from industrial development. By assessing the current ecological condition of Indigenous lands with their potential for future industrial development, we show that the ecological integrity of 22% (8.6 million km2) of Indigenous lands is highly threatened across five continents and 37 countries. We further find that the risk to Indigenous lands is greatest across West and Central Africa because of their high ecological threat and greater obstacles for Indigenous Peoples to realize self-determined and culturally-responsive development outcomes. Using a novel national-level framework that examines the security of IP’ rights and authority over their lands, their capacity to engage in decision-making, and support for facilitating sustainable development, we highlight potential challenges and opportunities for strategic investments and interventions to help IP safeguard their futures and rights, as well as the ecological integrity of their lands.