bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical applicability of optogenetic gene regulation
Authors: Wichert Nina , Witt Martin , Blume Cornelia , Scheper Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe field of optogenetics is rapidly growing in relevance and number of developed tools. Among other things, the optogenetic repertoire includes light‐responsive ion channels and methods for gene regulation. This review will be confined to the optogenetic control of gene expression in mammalian cells as suitable models for clinical applications. Here optogenetic gene regulation might offer an excellent method for spatially and timely regulated gene and protein expression in cell therapeutic approaches. Well‐known systems for gene regulation, such as the LOV‐, CRY2/CIB‐, PhyB/PIF‐systems, as well as other, in mammalian cells not yet fully established systems, will be described. Advantages and disadvantages with regard to clinical applications are outlined in detail. Among the many unanswered questions concerning the application of optogenetics, we discuss items such as the use of exogenous chromophores and their effects on the biology of the cells and methods for a gentle, but effective gene transfection method for optogenetic tools for in vivo applications.
Incidence trends of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in the aging population––A SEER‐based analysis from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Taylor Melissa A. , Switchenko Jeffery , Stokes William , Patel Mihir R. , McDonald Mark , Steuer Conor , Aiken Ashley , Beitler Jonathan J. , Shin Dong M. , Saba Nabil F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTobacco and alcohol use are risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN); however, there is growing recognition of HPV as a risk factor for SCCHN. HPV‐related SCCHN is thought to affect mostly middle‐aged individuals but as the US population ages, it is important to evaluate the change in incidence of HPV‐ and non‐HPV‐related SCCHN in individuals who are ≥65 years old.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from a population‐based cancer registry (SEER) to identify individuals ≥65 years old diagnosed with SCCHN between 2000 and 2016 also stratified by sex, race, and birth cohort. The subgroups of HPV‐associated and non‐HPV associated sites were analyzed independently. The incidence per year was calculated and joinpoint detection was used to identity significant changes in incidence trends and annual percent change (APC).ResultsFor HPV‐associated sites from 2000 to 2016, there was an average annual rate of 10.8 per 100,000 individuals with an APC of 2.92% (p = <0.05). For HPV‐ and non‐HPV‐related SCCHN males had a higher annual rate compared to females, 54.5 versus 18.0 in non‐HPV‐related and 19.1 versus 4.4 in HPV‐related sites. For non‐HPV‐related sites there was a decrease in APC across all stratified groups. For HPV‐related sites there was an increase in APC across all stratified groups, especially males (APC 8.82% 2006–2016 p < 0.05) and White individuals (APC 8.19% 2006–2016 p < 0.05). When stratified by birth cohort, HPV‐related SCCHN sites had a higher APC in ages 65–69 (8.38% p < 0.05) and 70–74 (8.54% p < 0.05).ConclusionAmong the population ≥65 years old from 2000 to 2016, the incidence rate for HPV‐related SCCHN sites has increased across all stratified groups, especially in White individuals, males, and age groups 65–74. The incidence rate for non‐HPV‐related sites has decreased across all stratified groups during this time.
Chemical Variability of Moroccan Myrtle Oil
Authors: Bakhy Khadija , Belhachmi Touria , Benabdelouahab Tarik , Tomi Félix , Casanova Joseph , Paoli Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThirty‐three oil samples isolated from aerial parts of Myrtus communis L. harvested in seven localities, from Northern to Central Morocco, have been analyzed by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The 33 compositions have been subjected to statistical analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups have been differentiated on the basis of their myrtenyl acetate and α‐pinene contents and each one was sub‐divided in two sub‐groups according to the contents of 1,8‐cineole and linalool. The compositions of our 33 myrtle oil samples may be named as follow by their main components: sub‐group IA (13/33): α‐pinene/1,8‐cineole/linalool; sub‐group IB (6/33): 1,8‐cineole/α‐pinene; sub‐group IIA (10/33): 1,8‐cineole/myrtenyl acetate; sub‐group IIB (4/33): myrtenyl acetate.
CTRP1 decreases ABCA1 expression and promotes lipid accumulation through the miR‐424‐5p/FoxO1 pathway in THP‐1 macrophage‐derived foam cells
Authors: Zhang Zi‐Zhen , Chen Jiao‐Jiao , Deng Wen‐Yi , Yu Xiao‐Hua , Tan Wei‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevention of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)‐dependent cholesterol efflux leads to lipid accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerosis development. C1q tumor necrosis factor‐related protein 1 (CTRP1), a conserved paralog of adiponectin, has been shown to aggravate atherosclerosis via its proinflammatory property. However, very little is known about its effects on ABCA1 expression and macrophage lipid accumulation. In the current studies, we found that CTRP1 downregulated ABCA1 expression, inhibited cholesterol efflux to apoA‐I and promoted lipid accumulation in THP‐1 macrophage‐derived foam cells. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a transcriptional repressor of ABCA1, was identified as a direct target of miR‐424‐5p. Mechanistically, CTRP1 attenuated miR‐424‐5p levels and then augmented FoxO1 expression in the nucleus, which led to downregulation of ABCA1 expression and inhibition of cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CTRP1 restrains cholesterol efflux and facilitates macrophage lipid accumulation through the miR‐424‐5p/FoxO1/ABCA1 signaling pathway, thereby providing a novel mechanistical insight into its proatherosclerotic action.
Exosomal miR‐21‐5p derived from cisplatin‐resistant SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1
Authors: Zhuang Liangwu , Zhang Binbin , Liu Xiaomei , Lin Lan , Wang Lingli , Hong Zhejing , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is a common reason for gynecologic cancer death. Standard treatments of OC consist of surgery and chemotherapy. However, chemoresistance should be considered. Exosomal miR‐21‐5p has been shown to regulate the chemosensitivity of cancer cells through regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1). However, the role of miR‐21‐5p/PDHA1 in OC is unclear. The levels of miR‐21‐5p and PDHA1 in clinical samples and cells were investigated. Exosomes derived from SKOV3/cisplatin (SKOV3/DDP) cells (DDP‐Exos) were isolated and used to treat SKOV3 cells to test DDP‐Exos effects on SKOV3 cells. Extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate were tested with a Seahorse analyzer. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by a flow cytometer. PDHA1 was overexpressed and miR‐21‐5p was silenced in SKOV3 cells to study the underlying mechanism of miR‐21‐5p in OC. Quantitative real‐time PCR and immunoblots were applied to measure gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. The levels of PDHA1 in DDP‐resistant SKOV3 or tumor tissues were significantly decreased while the levels of miR‐21‐5p were remarkably upregulated. miR‐21‐5p in DDP‐Exos was sharply increased compared to that of Exos. Data also indicated that DDP‐Exos treatment suppressed the sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to DDP and promoted cell viability and glycolysis of SKOV3 cells through inhibiting PDHA1 by exosomal miR‐21‐5p. miR‐21‐5p derived from DDP‐resistant SKOV3 OC cells promotes glycolysis and inhibits chemosensitivity of its progenitor SKOV3 cells by targeting PDHA1. Our data highlights the important role of miR‐21‐5p/PDHA1 axis in OC and sheds light on new therapeutic development.
Flat, Ferrocenyl‐Conjugated Peptides: A Combined Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Biondi Barbara , Cardena Roberta , Bisello Annalisa , Schiesari Renato , Cerveson Laura , Facci Martino , Rancan Marzio , Formaggio Fernando , Santi Saverio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe synthesized two homo‐peptide series, based on the Cα,β‐didehydroalanine residue. One series was functionalized with a ferrocene (Fc) moiety at the N‐terminus, the other series with a Fc at the C‐terminus. These conjugates adopt the flat, fully extended conformation, also known as 2.05‐helix. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the peptide length does not affect the redox behavior of Fc, independently on the peptide end at which it is appended. This outcome perfectly fits with the presence of fully‐extended peptides, as in this 3D‐structure the dipole moment is negligible. Thus, we confirm the results of our previous study with two Fc pendants: fully‐extended, α‐peptide stretches prevent or reduce the charge transfer along the peptide chain.
Redox Isomerism in the S3 State of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex Resolved by Coupled Cluster Theory
Authors: Drosou Maria , Pantazis Dimitrios A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe electronic and geometric structures of the water‐oxidizing complex of photosystem II in the steps of the catalytic cycle that precede dioxygen evolution remain hotly debated. Recent structural and spectroscopic investigations support contradictory redox formulations for the active‐site Mn4CaOx cofactor in the final metastable S3 state. These range from the widely accepted MnIV4 oxo‐hydroxo model, which presumes that O−O bond formation occurs in the ultimate transient intermediate (S4) of the catalytic cycle, to a MnIII2MnIV2 peroxo model representative of the contrasting “early‐onset” O−O bond formation hypothesis. Density functional theory energetics of suggested S3 redox isomers are inconclusive because of extreme functional dependence. Here, we use the power of the domain‐based local pair natural orbital approach to coupled cluster theory, DLPNO‐CCSD(T), to present the first correlated wave function theory calculations of relative stabilities for distinct redox‐isomeric forms of the S3 state. Our results enabled us to evaluate conflicting models for the S3 state of the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) and to quantify the accuracy of lower‐level theoretical approaches. Our assessment of the relevance of distinct redox‐isomeric forms for the mechanism of biological water oxidation strongly disfavors the scenario of early‐onset O−O formation advanced by literal interpretations of certain crystallographic models. This work serves as a case study in the application of modern coupled cluster implementations to redox isomerism problems in oligonuclear transition metal systems.
Analyzing Anisotropic Exchange in a Pentanuclear Os2Ni3 Complex
Authors: Heimermann Andreas , van Wüllen Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpin Hamiltonian parameters of a pentanuclear Os
Ni
cyanometallate complex are derived from ab initio wave function based calculations, namely valence‐type configuration interaction calculations with a complete active space including spin‐orbit interaction (CASOCI) in a single‐step procedure. While fits of experimental data performed so far could reproduce the data but the resulting parameters were not satisfactory, the parameters derived in the present work reproduce experimental data and at the same time have a reasonable size. The one‐centre parameters (local
matrices and single‐ion zero field splitting tensors) are within an expected range, the anisotropic exchange parameters obtained in this work for an Os−Ni pair are not exceedingly large but determine the low‐T part of the experimental χT curve. Exchange interactions (both isotropic and anisotropic) obtained from CASOCI have to be scaled by a factor of 2.5 to obtain agreement with experiment, a known deficiency of such types of calculation. After scaling the parameters, the isotropic Os−Ni exchange coupling constant is
cm−1 and the D parameter of the (nearly axial) anisotropic Os−Ni exchange is
−1, so anisotropic exchange is larger in absolute size than isotropic exchange. The negative value of the isotropic J (indicating antiferromagnetic coupling) seemingly contradicts the large‐temperature behaviour of the temperature dependent susceptibility curve, but this is caused by the negative g value of the Os centres. This negative g value is a universal feature of a pseudo‐octahedral coordination with
configuration and strong spin‐orbit interaction. Knowing the size of these exchange interactions is important because Os(CN)
is a versatile building block for the synthesis of
/
magnetic materials.
Feasibility of patient‐performed lung ultrasound self‐exams (Patient‐PLUS) as a potential approach to telemedicine in heart failure
Authors: Chiem Alan T. , Lim George W. , Tabibnia Amir P. , Takemoto Andrea S. , Weingrow Daniel M. , Shibata Jacqueline E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsPatient‐performed lung ultrasound (LUS) in a heart failure (HF) telemedicine model may be used to monitor worsening pulmonary oedema and to titrate therapy, potentially reducing HF admission. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of training HF patients to perform a LUS self‐exam in a telemedicine model.Methods and resultsA pilot study was conducted at a public hospital involving subjects with a history of HF. After a 15 min training session involving a tutorial video, subjects performed a four‐zone LUS using a handheld ultrasound. Exams were saved on a remote server and independently reviewed by two LUS experts. Studies were determined interpretable according to a strict definition: the presence of an intercostal space, and the presence of A‐lines, B‐lines, or both. Subjects also answered a questionnaire to gather feedback and assess self‐efficacy. The median age of 44 subjects was 53 years (range, 36–64). Thirty (68%) were male. Last educational level attained was high school or below for 31 subjects (70%), and one‐third used Spanish as their preferred language. One hundred fifty of 175 lung zones (85%) were interpretable, with expert agreement of 87% and a kappa of 0.49. 98% of subjects reported that they could perform this LUS self‐exam at home.ConclusionsThis pilot study reports that training HF patients to perform a LUS self‐exam is feasible, with reported high self‐efficacy. This supports further investigation into a telemedicine model using LUS to reduce emergency department visits and hospitalizations associated with HF.
Efficient Synthesis of Quinazolines from Aryl Imidates and N‐Alkoxyamide by Ir(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Amidation/Cyclization
Authors: Fan Wei‐Tai , Huang Zhibin , Xu Xu , Tu Guangliang , Geng Jingyao , Ji Shun‐Jun , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn Ir(III) catalyst was used for the first time to realize the synthesis of quinazolines by C−H bond activation/cyclization with N‐alkoxyamides as amidation reagents. This reaction has the advantages of wide substrate adaptability, good to excellent yields under mild conditions, short reaction times, and no need for an inert atmosphere. Importantly, several quinazolines from bioactive compounds were obtained, which highlights the importance of this new method.
A Solid‐Phase Assisted Flow Approach to In Situ Wittig‐Type Olefination Coupling
Authors: Tadros Joseph , Dankers Christian , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R. , Polyzos Anastasios , Gordon Christopher P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDescribed herein is the development of a continuous flow, solid‐phase triphenylphosphine (PS‐PPh3) assisted protocol to facilitate the in situ coupling of reciprocal pairs of halogen and carbonyl functionalised molecular pairs by a Wittig olefination within 15 mins. The protocol entails injecting a single solution (1 : 1 CHCl3 : EtOH) containing the halogenated and carbonyl‐based substrates into a continuously flowing stream of CHCl3 : EtOH (1 : 1), passed through a fixed bed of K2CO3 and PS‐PPh3. With advancement to the previous PS‐PPh3 coupling procedures, the method employs a traditional polystyrene‐based immobilisation matrix, the substrate scope of the protocol extended to substituted ketones, secondary alkyl chlorides, and an unprotected maleimide scaffold.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation in neck pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rampazo Érika Patrícia , Martignago Cintia Cristina Santi , de Noronha Marcos , Liebano Richard Eloin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of electrical stimulation (ES) for neck pain (NP).Databases and data treatmentThe databases CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE (via OVID), PEDro and Web of Science were searched, with no date restrictions. Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting pain, range of motion or psychosocial factors in people with NP, in which ES was applied. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Thirty studies met eligibility criteria.ResultsMain results showed evidence of moderate quality that ES combined with other intervention significantly decreases the pain intensity compared to other intervention immediately post‐treatment and at short‐term follow‐up; evidence of low quality showed significant effects of ES combined with other intervention in decreasing neck disability compared to other intervention immediately post‐treatment; evidence of very‐low quality that ES increased the pressure pain threshold compared to placebo immediately post‐treatment and that ES + other intervention also increased the pressure pain threshold compared to other intervention at short‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsES combined with other intervention seems to be useful to relieve pain and to improve disability in people with NP, however, more studies are needed.SignificanceElectrical stimulation seems to be effective for improving pain intensity, immediately post‐treatment in people with neck pain, mainly as an adjunct therapeutic modality. Nevertheless, high‐quality RCTs are still needed to investigate the efficacy of electrical stimulation in neck pain.
Organometallic Au(III) Based Electrochemical Sensor with Wide Anodic Potential Window for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Ochratoxin A
Authors: Xiang Yuan , Huang Hao , Wang Dan , Du Juan , Wu Dongping , Xiong Wanming , Hong Yanping , Chen Jinyin , Liao Xiaoning 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHerein, an organometallic Au(III) catalyst was easily prepared via self‐assembly method using chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The electrode fabricated by the catalyst not only shows extended anodic potential window compared to that of Au nanoparticle‐based electrode, but also possess the high electrocatalytic activity in the selective oxidation of Ochratoxin A. Under optimized conditions, the modified electrode exhibits a wide linearity range from 1.0×10−7 to 1.0×10−5 mol/L and a low detection limit of 2.9×10−8 mol/L (S/N=3). Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor possesses good recoveries between 93.5 % and 98.2 % in real sample analysis, indicating high accuracy in real sample analysis.
Longitudinal neural connection detection using a ferritin‐encoding adeno‐associated virus vector and in vivo MRI method
Authors: Cai Aoling , Zheng Ning , Thompson Garth J. , Wu Yang , Nie Binbin , Lin Kunzhang , Su Peng , Wu Jinfeng , Manyande Anne , Zhu LingQiang , Wang Jie , Xu Fuqiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe investigation of neural circuits is important for interpreting both healthy brain function and psychiatric disorders. Currently, the architecture of neural circuits is always investigated with fluorescent protein encoding neurotropic virus and ex vivo fluorescent imaging technology. However, it is difficult to obtain a whole‐brain neural circuit connection in living animals, due to the limited fluorescent imaging depth. Herein, the noninvasive, whole‐brain imaging technique of MRI and the hypotoxicity virus vector AAV (adeno‐associated virus) were combined to investigate the whole‐brain neural circuits in vivo. AAV2‐retro are an artificially‐evolved virus vector that permits access to the terminal of neurons and retrograde transport to their cell bodies. By expressing the ferritin protein which could accumulate iron ions and influence the MRI contrast, the neurotropic virus can cause MRI signal changes in the infected regions. For mice injected with the ferritin‐encoding virus vector (rAAV2‐retro‐CAG‐Ferritin) in the caudate putamen (CPu), several regions showed significant changes in MRI contrasts, such as PFC (prefrontal cortex), HIP (hippocampus), Ins (insular cortex) and BLA (basolateral amygdala). The expression of ferritin in those regions was also verified with ex vivo fluorescence imaging. In addition, we demonstrated that changes in T2 relaxation time could be used to identify the spread area of the virus in the brain over time. Thus, the neural connections could be longitudinally detected with the in vivo MRI method. This novel technique could be utilized to observe the viral infection process and detect the neural circuits in a living animal.
Cortical and white matter correlates of language‐learning aptitudes
Authors: Novén Mikael , Olsson Hampus , Helms Gunther , Horne Merle , Nilsson Markus , Roll Mikael 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeople learn new languages with varying degrees of success but what are the neuroanatomical correlates of the difference in language‐learning aptitude? In this study, we set out to investigate how differences in cortical morphology and white matter microstructure correlate with aptitudes for vocabulary learning, phonetic memory, and grammatical inferencing as measured by the first‐language neutral LLAMA test battery. We used ultra‐high field (7T) magnetic resonance imaging to estimate the cortical thickness and surface area from sub‐millimeter resolved image volumes. Further, diffusion kurtosis imaging was used to map diffusion properties related to the tissue microstructure from known language‐related white matter tracts. We found a correlation between cortical surface area in the left posterior‐inferior precuneus and vocabulary learning aptitude, possibly indicating a greater predisposition for storing word‐figure associations. Moreover, we report negative correlations between scores for phonetic memory and axial kurtosis in left arcuate fasciculus as well as mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus III, which are tracts connecting cortical areas important for phonological working memory.