bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Pumping of Fiber Lasers with Solid‐State Luminescent Concentrators: Design Optimization by Ray Tracing
Authors: Dottermusch Stephan , Masuda Taizo , Endo Masamori , Richards Bryce S. , Howard Ian A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolar‐pumped lasers (SPLs) typically couple sunlight into the laser cavity using focusing optics and solar tracking. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSC) are an alternative, fully planar, scalable pump source that can concentrate diffuse light. For liquid LSC‐based SPLs, reflective cavities have been used to trap light and pump a Nd3+‐doped silica fiber. Here, three solid‐state LSC‐based SPL designs, in addition to the reflective cavity making use of total internal reflection, are analyzed by ray‐tracing simulations. Results are compared to a liquid LSC reference, also used for validating simulations. Substituting the liquid‐state LSC for a solid‐state LSC (with the fiber placed inside) allows a 7‐fold enhancement of the gain coefficient, corresponding to a 30‐fold enhancement of the laser output power. An additional 4‐fold increase of the output power is possible with a fiber of kilometers length. These results show a roadmap for realizing SPLs with output powers on the order of 2.8 W m−2 under terrestrial sunlight, while keeping an identical reflective cavity used for the liquid LSC design. In addition, room‐temperature operation should be possible with certain solid LSC designs, and the necessity for a reflective cavity comprised of costly dielectric mirrors may be relieved.
Medium Entropy‐Enabled High Performance Cubic GeTe Thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhi Shizhen , Li Jibiao , Hu Lipeng , Li Junqin , Li Ning , Wu Haijun , Liu Fusheng , Zhang Chaohua , Ao Weiqin , Xie Heping , Zhao Xinbing , Pennycook Stephen John , Zhu Tiejun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe configurational entropy is an emerging descriptor in the functional materials genome. In thermoelectric materials, the configurational entropy helps tune the delicate trade‐off between carrier mobility and lattice thermal conductivity, as well as the structural phase transition, if any. Taking GeTe as an example, low‐entropy GeTe generally have high carrier mobility and distinguished zT > 2, but the rhombohedral‐cubic phase transition restricts the applications. In contrast, despite cubic structure and ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, the degraded carrier mobility leads to a low zT in high‐entropy GeTe. Herein, medium‐entropy alloying is implemented to suppress the phase transition and achieve the cubic GeTe with ultralow lattice thermal conductivity yet decent carrier mobility. In addition, co‐alloying of (Mn, Pb, Sb, Cd) facilitates multivalence bands convergence and band flattening, thereby yielding good Seebeck coefficients and compensating for decreased carrier mobility. For the first time, a state‐of‐the‐art zT of 2.1 at 873 K and average zTave of 1.3 between 300 and 873 K are attained in cubic phased Ge0.63Mn0.15Pb0.1Sb0.06Cd0.06Te. Moreover, a record‐high Vickers hardness of 270 is attained. These results not only promote GeTe materials for practical applications, but also present a breakthrough in the burgeoning field of entropy engineering.
2D Covalent‐Organic Framework Electrodes for Supercapacitors and Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kandambeth Sharath , Kale Vinayak S. , Shekhah Osama , Alshareef Husam N. , Eddaoudi Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCovalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) represent a new frontier of crystalline porous organic materials with framework structures in 2D or 3D domains, which make them promising for many applications. Herein, the fundamental structural design aspects of 2D‐COFs are reviewed, which position them as suitable electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. The ordered π–π stacked arrangement of the organic building blocks in juxtaposed layers provides a pathway for efficient electronic charge transport; the 2D structure provides a pathway for enhanced ionic diffusion, which enhances ionic transport. Importantly, the tunable pore size enables 2D‐COFs to accommodate mobile ions with different sizes and charges, positioning them as prospect materials for various types of batteries. Distinctively, the ability to functionalize their pore system with a periodic array of redox active species, enriching their potential redox chemistry, provides a pathway to control the redox and capacitive contributions to the charge storage mechanism. The strong covalently linked framework backbone of COFs is an additional merit for achieving long cycle life, and stability against the “leaching out” problem of active molecules in strong electrolytes as observed in other organic materials applied in energy storage devices.
Control of aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers for high‐efficiency solar cells
Authors: Gao Mengyuan , Wang Wenxuan , Hou Jianhui , Ye Long 
Published: May 2021

Abstractπ‐Conjugated organic/polymer materials‐based solar cells have attracted tremendous research interest in the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and energy science. To date, the best‐performance polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 18%, mostly driven by the molecular design and device structure optimization of the photovoltaic materials. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the key advances and current status in aggregated structure research of PSCs. Here, we start by providing a brief tutorial on the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers. The characteristic parameters at different length scales and the associated characterization techniques are overviewed. Subsequently, a variety of effective strategies to control the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers are discussed for polymer:fullerene solar cells and polymer:nonfullerene small molecule solar cells. Particularly, the control strategies for achieving record efficiencies in each type of PSCs are highlighted. More importantly, the in‐depth structure–performance relationships are demonstrated with selected examples. Finally, future challenges and research prospects on understanding and optimizing the aggregated structure of photovoltaic polymers and their blends are provided.
From cataract to syndrome diagnosis: Revaluation of Warburg‐Micro syndrome Type 1 patients
Authors: Mutlu Albayrak Hatice , Elçioğlu Nursel H. , Yeter Burcu , Karaer Kadri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWarburg‐Micro syndrome (WARBM) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited neuro‐ophthalmologic syndrome. Although WARBM shows genetic heterogeneity, the pathogenic variants in RAB3GAP1 were the most common cause of WARBM. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the detailed clinical and dysmorphic features of seven WARBM1 patients and overview the variant spectrum of RAB3GAP1 in comparison with the literature who were referred due to congenital cataracts. A previously reported homozygous variant (c.2187_2188delGAinsCT) was identified in three of these patients, while the other four had three novel variants (c.251_258delAGAA, c.2606+1G>A, and c.2861_2862dupGC). Congenital cataract and corpus callosum hypo/agenesia are pathognomonic for WARBM, which could be distinguished from other similar syndromes with additional typical dysmorphic facial features. Although there is no known phenotype and genotype correlation in any type of WARBM, RAB3GAP1 gene analysis should be previously requested as the first step of genetic diagnosis in clinically suspicious patients when it is not possible to request a multi‐gene panel.
Not all yawns tell the same story: The case of Tonkean macaques
Authors: Zannella Alessandra , Stanyon Roscoe , Maglieri Veronica , Palagi Elisabetta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere we show for the first time that the plasticity in morphology and duration of yawning in Macaca tonkeana can be associated with different functional contexts. Macaca tonkeana is classified as a tolerant macaque species characterized by social interactions minimally constrained by dominance rank or kinship. Tonkean macaques, as other egalitarian species, rely on a complex facial communicative system. We found that the degree of mouth opening (ranging from covered to uncovered tooth yawns) and the duration of yawning were not strictly dependent. The shortest uncovered tooth yawns were associated with an intense locomotor/physical activity and peaked immediately after stressful social events thus indicating an increase in arousal. In contrast, longer yawns, independently from teeth exposure, were primarily associated with a relaxed state of the subject. In conclusion, our study suggests that to explore the potential different functions of yawning, it is necessary to focus on the variability of its expression both in terms of morphology and duration, because not all yawns tell the same story.
B Cell Depletion Inhibits Fibrosis via Suppression of Profibrotic Macrophage Differentiation in a Mouse Model of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Numajiri Hiroko , Kuzumi Ai , Fukasawa Takemichi , Ebata Satoshi , Yoshizaki‐Ogawa Asako , Asano Yoshihide , Kazoe Yutaka , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Sato Shinichi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveWe undertook this study to investigate the effect of B cell depletion on fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its mechanism of action.MethodsMice with bleomycin‐induced SSc (BLM‐SSc) were treated with anti‐CD20 antibody, and skin and lung fibrosis were histopathologically evaluated. T cells and macrophages were cocultured with B cells, and the effect of B cells on their differentiation was assessed by flow cytometry. We also cocultured B cells and monocytes from SSc patients and analyzed the correlation between fibrosis and profibrotic macrophage induction by B cells.ResultsB cell depletion inhibited fibrosis in mice with BLM‐SSc. B cells from mice with BLM‐SSc increased proinflammatory cytokine–producing T cells in coculture. In mice with BLM‐SSc, B cell depletion before BLM treatment (pre‐depletion) inhibited fibrosis more strongly than B cell depletion after BLM treatment (post‐depletion) (P < 0.01). However, the frequencies of proinflammatory T cells were lower in the post‐depletion group than in the pre‐depletion group. This discrepancy suggests that the effect of B cell depletion on fibrosis cannot be explained by its effect on T cell differentiation. On the other hand, profibrotic macrophages were markedly decreased in the pre‐depletion group compared to the post‐depletion group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, B cells from mice with BLM‐SSc increased profibrotic macrophage differentiation in coculture (P < 0.05). In SSc patients, the extent of profibrotic macrophage induction by B cells correlated with the severity of fibrosis (P < 0.0005).ConclusionThese findings suggest that B cell depletion inhibits tissue fibrosis via suppression of profibrotic macrophage differentiation in mice with BLM‐SSc, providing a new rationale for B cell depletion therapy in SSc.
pH‐Sensitive Oscillatory Motion of a Urease Motor on the Urea Aqueous Phase
Authors: Xu Yu , Ji Lin , Izumi Shunsuke , Nakata Satoshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA self‐propelled object coupled with an enzyme reaction between urease and urea was investigated at the air/aqueous interface. A plastic object that was fixed to a urease‐immobilized filter paper was used as a self‐propelled object, termed a urease motor, placed on an aqueous urea solution. The driving force of the urease motor is the difference in the surface tension around the object. Oscillatory motion or no motion was triggered depending on the initial pH of the urea solution. Both the frequency and maximum speed of the oscillatory motion varied depending on the initial pH of the water phase. The mechanisms underlying the oscillatory motion and no motion were discussed in relation to the bell‐shaped enzyme activity of urease in the enzyme reaction and the surface tension around the urease motor.
Teaching water safety skills to children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Tucker Marilyse , Ingvarsson Einar T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPublic health data suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at a disproportionate risk of water‐related accidents, including drowning. The current study evaluated the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention package consisting of verbal instructions, modeling, physical guidance, feedback, and differential reinforcement to teach three distinct in‐water safety skills to three boys with ASD. The targeted skills were (a) moving toward a fixed point of safety, (b) rolling from front to back, and (c) floating on back and yelling for help. Results showed that all three participants acquired the skills. For two participants, one or two of the skills had to be broken down into subcomponents for acquisition to occur. Two participants required additional intervention components to manage mild challenging behavior in the pool. Maintenance probes revealed that the skills maintained 1 week and 1 month after teaching. The findings are discussed in the context of a broader approach to accident prevention.
Unveiling the CHO surfaceome: Identification of cell surface proteins reveals cell aggregation‐relevant mechanisms
Authors: Klingler Florian , Mathias Sven , Schneider Helga , Buck Theresa , Raab Nadja , Zeh Nikolas , Shieh Yu‐Wei , Pfannstiel Jens , Otte Kerstin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) suspension cells are the main production hosts for biopharmaceuticals. For the improvement of production processes, it is essential to understand the interaction between CHO cells and their microenvironment. While the cellular membrane is the crucial surface barrier between the inner and outer cell compartments, the subgroup of cell surface proteins (surfaceome) is of particular interest due to its potential to react to external factors and initiate cell communication and interaction pathways. Therefore, the CHO surfaceome was explored for the first time by enriching exposed N‐glycosylated membrane proteins before tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses, identifying a total of 449 surface proteins, including 34 proteins specific for production cells. Functional annotation and classification located most proteins to the cell surface belonging mainly to the protein classes of receptors, enzymes, and transporters. In addition, adhesion molecules as cadherins, integrins, Ig superfamily and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as collagens, laminins, thrombospondin, fibronectin, and tenascin were significantly enriched, which are involved in mechanisms for the formation of cell junctions, cell–cell and cell–ECM adhesion as focal adhesions. As cell adhesion and aggregation counteracts scalable production of biopharmaceuticals, experimental validation confirmed differential expression of integrin β1 (ITGB1) and β3, CD44, laminin, and fibronectin on the surface of aggregation‐prone CHO production cells. The subsequent modulation of the central interaction protein ITGB1 by small interfering RNA knockdown substantially counteracted cell aggregation pointing toward novel engineering routes for aggregation reduction in biopharmaceutical production cells and exemplifying the potential of the surfaceome for specified engineering strategies.
An integrated numerical visualization teaching approach for an undergraduate course, Flow in Porous Media: An attempt toward sustainable engineering education
Authors: Okere Chinedu J. , Su Guandong , Gu Xun , Han Beiyu , Tan Chengwei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe complexities of observing flow phenomena in porous media have made it difficult to teach the course, Flow in Porous Media, to undergraduate students majoring in petroleum engineering. In this study, we propose an integrated numerical visualization teaching (INVT) approach that is based on MATLAB Pdetool, graphical user interface, and Visual Basic Programming. The effectiveness of the INVT method was evaluated in two ways: First, via statistical analyses of the examination grades of two groups (experimental and control groups) of selected undergraduate students from the school of petroleum engineering, after a carefully designed INVT tutorial program was conducted on the experimental group, and finally, by interviewing the selected students to ascertain their psychological wellbeing. The following results were obtained: (1) From the statistical analysis, it was observed that the grade distribution, arithmetic mean, median, and maximum scores of students in the experimental group were relatively higher, suggesting that the INVT approach was effective and suitable for the majority of the students. (2) The interviews revealed that the INVT method provides students with a better classroom experience and help them identify their area of interest. (3) The INVT method will provide other benefits, such as cost‐saving, greener classroom​s, decrease carbon footprint, talent and skill enhancement, and achieve sustainable development goals for education. This paper introduces an effective teaching method for environmental and sustainable energy education. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the INVT method is adopted in teaching a petroleum engineering professional course.
Self‐reported and general practitioner recorded indicators of lifetime health up to age 48 according to offender type in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
Authors: Skinner Guy C. M. , Farrington David P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that people with a history of offending have worse health compared to non‐offenders, but it is less clear whether all types of offenders are at similar health risks. In a New Zealand birth cohort study, Moffitt evidenced three main offending trajectories—life‐course‐persistent (LCP), adolescence‐limited (AL) and late‐onset (LO) offending, subsequently confirmed in other substantial longitudinal studies.AimsOur aim was to explore the relationship between these offending trajectories and both self‐reported (SR) and general practitioner (GP) (primary care) recorded health indicators.MethodsSelf‐reported medical data at age 48 were obtained for 394 men followed since age 8 years in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. In addition, medical records were obtained from GPs for 264 of them. Health indicators from both sources were compared between each of the three established trajectories of offenders across the life course—LCP, AL, LO and the non‐offenders.ResultsLCP offenders were found to have over twice the likelihood of disabling medical conditions according to both self‐report and GP records. They were also more likely to have GP records indicating mental health problems and treatment for them. According to GP records alone, the LO offenders were also more likely to have mental health problems. The health of AL offenders appeared to be no different from that of the crime‐free controls.ConclusionsOur findings add weight to the growing evidence that LCP offending and offending that only occurs relatively late in life are likely to be the indicators of generally unhealthy and disrupted lives. This suggests that if lifestyle is to change for the better, interventions are likely to be needed for health as well as antisocial behaviour.
Current issues on simultaneous TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement) and EVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair)
Authors: Schizas Nikolaos , Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Patris Vasilios , Lampropoulos Konstantinos , Kratimenos Theodoros , Argiriou Mihalis 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSimultaneous EVAR and TAVR is technically feasible and is a reliable option in high‐risk patients.
Massive cutaneous complications due to snakebite: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sadeghi Mahdieh , Barazandeh Maryam , Zakariaei Zakaria , Davoodi Lotfollah , Tabaripour Rabeeh , Fakhar Mahdi , Zakariaei Ashkan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWound infections due to snake bites such as cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, although not common, are seen in snake bites and if left untreated can cause serious complications.
Impact of ivabradine in decompensated heart failure due to cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Nakano Yusuke , Ando Hirohiko , Suzuki Wataru , Ohashi Hirofumi , Suzuki Yasushi , Takashima Hiroaki , Amano Tetsuya 
Published: May 2021

Key Clinical MessageIn cases of decompensated heart failure related to cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction, ivabradine administration could lead to an increased stroke volume by reducing the sinus heart rate, resulting in favorable hemodynamics. Assessment of the overlap between the E‐ and A‐waves facilitates understanding the effects of ivabradine in such cases.
Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy treated with hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: Kosaki Yoshinori , Maeyama Hiroki , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Obara Takafumi , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication during pregnancy causes fetal death and teratogenic effects. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has the potential to improve them. HBO2 therapy should be considered to treat CO intoxication during pregnancy.
Vasa praevia with meandering fetal vessels despite placental and umbilical cord insertion on the same side of the uterine wall: A case report
Authors: Horiuchi Tatsuro , Sato Hiroshi , Matsui Katsunori , Ikeda Makiko , Morishita Hajime , Hirose Masaya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVasa praevia with meandering fetal vessels is extremely rare, and it is difficult to diagnose this prenatally. When cesarean section is performed, a change in the site of uterine incision may be required for a safe delivery.
Co‐infection by Cryptococcus neoformans fungaemia and non‐tuberculous mycobacteria with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a newly diagnosed HIV‐infected patient
Authors: Subahi Eihab A. , Aljafar Mohamad S. , Barjas Haidar H. , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Rasoul Fatima A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOpportunistic infections are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients. Co‐infections with Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium species together with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) are rare and typically occur in immunocompromised individuals, particularly acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
Energie‐ und Ressourceneinsparung durch Innovative und CFD‐basierte Auslegung von Flüssig/Flüssig‐Schwerkraftabscheidern
Authors: Steinhoff Jan , Charlafti Evgenia , Leleu David , Reinecke Laura , Franken Heinz , Becker Karsten , Kalem Murat , Sixt Maximilian , Braß Manuel , Borchardt Daniel , Bäcker Werner , Wegener Mirco , Maaß Sebastian , Weber Manfred , Acher Thomas , Matten Christian , Pfennig Andreas , Kraume Matthias , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComputational‐Fluid‐Dynamics (CFD)‐Simulationen in Kombination mit Tropfenpopulationsbilanzen führen zu einem praxisgerechten Standard, um auf Basis verfügbarer Prozessdaten den Strömungsverlauf – und damit die Verweilzeitverteilung – in liegenden Abscheidern beliebiger Größe zu berechnen. Durch Implementierung des Tropfenverhaltens wird auch die Berechnung eines tropfenspezifischen Abscheider‐Wirkungsgrades ermöglicht. Die Methodenentwicklung erfolgte mit baugleichen Anlagen an drei verschiedenen Standorten. Die darauf beruhenden CFD‐Simulationen wurden erfolgreich mit experimentellen Daten der beteiligten Industriepartner validiert.