bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tissue Preparation on Determinations of Disaccharidase Activities in Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Antonowicz Irena , Ishida Sotoo , Khaw Kon-Talk , Shwachman Harry 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to certain variables in assaying and reporting disaccharidase activities in the intestinal mucosa and to urge the adoption of a standard technique.
In our initial studies we placed the specimen in about 50 ml of ice-cold isotonic saline and "rinsed" it by gently shaking the sealed plaStic vial. It was then removed from the saline; "dried" by sliding it over a cold, clean, glass surface, and weighed. After weighing, the mucosal specimen was homogenized in distilled water. Other investigators froze the specimen immediately after the biopsy, omitting the "rinsing" in the ice-cold isotonic saline.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Deisher Robert W. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Deisher comments as follows:
It is, of course, impossible for pediatricians to agree on what should be considered appropriate areas of pediatric concern. Certainly, behavior and social areas are among the most controversial. It is unfortunate that many pediatricians are reluctant to take advantage of the opportunity they have to influence a child's environment in a positive manner so that children can grow up better able to fit into society in a productive manner.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Karpatkin Margaret 
Published: December 2021

I would like to comment on the report, "Split Products of Fibrin in Newborns," by Drs. Stiehm and Clatanoff. We have examined over 50 specimens of cord serum from babies delivered normally or by uncomplicated cesarean section, and have been unable to detect increased levels of fibrin degradation products (F.D.P.) in any of the samples.
The technique used is a modification of the Tanned Red Cell Hemagglutination Inhibition Immunoassay (TRCHII) described by Merskey, Kleiner and Johnson.1
MALFORMATIONS AND LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Fabia Jacqueline , Drolette Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Among 2,421 children with Down's syndrome born alive to residents of Massachusetts from 1950 through 1966, approximately one-third had at least one malformation other than the characteristic diagnostic criteria of the syndrome itself. After congenital heart defect, the most common were duodenal obstruction, clubfoot, cataract, imperforate anus, syndactyly or webbed fingers and/or toes, cleft palate and/or lip, and congenital megacolon.
Males predominated among children with cataract, syndactyly, and congenital megacolon. Somewhat more females than males had congenital heart defect, although the excess was not significant. The mean maternal age was strikingly low for mongols with cleft palate and/or lip and for males with congenital megacolon. The mean birth weight was significantly lower for mongols with malformations, due primarily to a low birth weight of the children with duodenal obstruction.
Most malformations occurred more often in combination with other malformations than expected by chance. The exceptions were duodenal obstruction, congenital megacolon, and imperforate anus.
Among 23 mongols with leukemia, 5 died in the neonatal period—a very high age-specific leukemia mortality rate. The sex distribution of cases shifted over time from predominantly males to predominantly females. Leukemic mongols weighed somewhat more at birth than other mongols, although not significantly so. The risk of leukemia among mongols was not related to the presence or absence of congenital malformations.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy in Hyaline Membrane Disease: Massive Thrombosis Following Umbilical Artery Catheterization
Authors: Du Joseph N. H. , Briggs J. N. , Young Gerald 
Published: December 2021

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn infant has received increasing attention in recent months1,2. In the cases reported so far it occurs in the very sick newborn, including those with hyaline membrane disease and intra-uterine infections, such as rubella, cytomegalic inclusion disease, and herpes simplex. The majority of the cases reported have been associated with severe hyaline membrane disease although the cause of the coagulation defect is not yet clear. Failure to recognize the coagulation defect in the past is probably due to inadequate coagulation studies.
The present management of hyaline membrane disease is based on the assumption that adequate ventilation is essential for the child's survival.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Finklestein Jerry Z. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Finklestein writes as follows:
Thank you for allowing me to comment on the letter submitted to you by Drs. Leef, Kende, and Ramot.
It was not our intention to leave the reader with the impression that testicular involvement in acute leukemia is an uncommon clinical problem. Several references in the first sentence of the article document the fact that leukemia infiltration of the testes during a period of complete bone marrow remission is a well-known phenomenon.
NEONATAL SEIZURE STATES
Authors: Rose Arthur L. , Lombroso Cesare T. 
Published: December 2021

The authors report on their experience gained through a prospective study of 144 infants who developed seizures during the first 3 weeks of life. Only full-term neonates weighing 2,500 gm or more were included. Follow-up averaged 4 years. Seven subjects were lost on follow-up, leaving a total of 137. The clinical features of the convulsive episode are described, and a classification is presented of the most common seizure types, which differ significantly from those met in older babies. Observation of these different types of neonatal seizures may assist in discovering etiological factors and in formulating a prognosis. While no etiological clues were found in one fourth of the neonates, factors of probable etiological importance were established in three-fourths. High in the list of presumptive etiology were metabolic disturbances; intracerebral birth injuries and perinatal anoxia, once considered main causes for neonatal seizures, were considerably less frequent in this series. Central nervous system infection or malformation were met with about equal incidence. The only factor in common in eight babies was a marked postmaturity, and there was a history of pre-eclamptic toxemia in five. More than one factor of potential etiological significance was present in several babies. The study showed that mortality and morbidity run high for neonates with seizure states, the outcome being poor for about half of the cases. In contrast, the other half of the convulsing babies did quite well, often with spontaneous remission and normal psychic and motor development. We found that prognosis based on abnormal (or normal) neurological signs in a convulsing neonate show poor correlation with the state of the child when reevaluated years later. Certain etiological factors, as well as certain types of seizures, seem to carry better prognostic significance.
Electroencephalographic investigation carried out along careful criteria during the newborn period has been found helpful for this series of convulsing babies. Neonates with seizures and a normal EEG had an 86% chance of normal development at age 4 years, regardless of other clinical data. In contrast, neonates with either a "flat," "periodic," or "multifocal" EEG had only a 7% chance of normal development. "Unifocal" EEG abnormalities showed more equivocal correlations. At the end of the study, about 50% of the subjects were found to be normal, while about 30% had survived with some serious neurological defect and 20% had died. There were 23 complete neuropathological examinations. The most helpful clinical and laboratory procedures for the "work-up" of a convulsing neonate are outlined, including a method for the rapid detection of metabolic disorders through diagnostic intravenous infusions.
QUEEN VICTORIA SETS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF CHILD HYGIENE
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

I suspect that for most of us Punch—the weekly humorous magazine published in London—would seem an unlikely source for information about proper health regimens for young children. But the following mildly satiric quotation published almost a century and a half ago would suggest that Punch was keenly concerned about children's health.
We . . . did notice in the Court Circular . . . a paragraph from which some profit may be derived. In the midst of a series of announcements respecting the birth-day of Princess Alice, we came to the following:
"At five o'clock in the afternoon Her Majesty received a small juvenile party, etc. The Queen accompanied by the Royal children, received the youthful visitors in the saloon, in which the juveniles danced, and afterwards proceeded to the library, where refreshments were served. The juvenile party left the Palace soon after seven o'clock."
Here is an admirable example to those who are in the habit of giving children’s parties, commencing at eight or nine p.m., and terminating at one or two in the morning, when the jaded juveniles crawl away with at least six months' health taken out of them by late hours, excitement and fatigue. The Queen, as a mother and a sensible woman, knows when "it is time that all good children should be in bed," as the nurse's saying goes, and she most properly sets herself above the fashionable foolery of half killing children under the pretext of amusing them.
The juvenile party at the Palace was short and sweet, beginning early, breaking up in good time, and not interfering in the least with the usual hours that ought to be observed in all well-regulated families.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Smith Clement A. 
Published: December 2021

When we started the abstract system, in Volume 41, No. 1 (January), 1968, a commentary described the plan as follows:
"With the new year this journal alters, slightly, the form of its articles. Most apparent will be the beginning of each article with an abstract, to be prepared by the author. In that position the abstract will not only suggest to the hesitant reader what he may expect to find below, but it will also allow him to photocopy (or tear) from the issue the abstract together with the adjoining title, author's name, and other useful items, including the key words under which the author advises indexing what he has written.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Fireman Philip 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Fireman commented as follows:
The data described by Drs. Kadowaki, Nihira, and Nakao are of interest because the in vitro responsiveness of peripheral leucocytes to phytohemagglutinin was suppressed temporarily during and shortly after natural measles infection, but was not suppressed following vaccination with attenuated measles virus. It is unfortunate that these investigators did not follow any other parameters of in vitro leucocyte responsiveness such as peripheral leucocyte counts, the response of leucocytes to allogeneic leucocytes, or specific antigens and in vivo cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to specific antigens.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Smith Margaret H. D. 
Published: December 2021

For the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Control of Infectious Diseases, Dr. Margaret H. D. Smith commented as follows:
The patient reported by Lintermans and Sehynaeve is indeed perplexing, and is hard to clarify in retrospect. Several questions arise:
Why was the antituberculosis therapy which the patient was receiving ineffective? The tubercle bacilli recovered in November after 2 to 3 months of treatment with INH and streptomycin were INH resistant. While INH resistance not infrequently develops during therapy in patients with cavitary tuberculosis, where the populations of tubercle bacilli are huge, it rarely if ever develops during treatment in children with primary tuberculosis.
Renal Diseases in Children, by John A. James, M.B. (Edin), M.R.C.P., C.C.H. Saint Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1968, 371 pp., $18.50
Authors: Worthen Howard G. 
Published: December 2021

In spite of a number of excellent textbooks on renal diseases, many pediatricians have felt the need of a urologic textbook written for them rather than for the internist. Dr. James has now filled this need.
The book was written primarily for the pediatrician and the pediatric resident, but it can be also recommended to the general practitioner, the internist, and even the urologist who treats renal disease in children. It is a compact and well written volume by one who uses the English language well, and who has learned how to distill the essential information from a large mass of material and still present it in a manner which the pediatrician can understand.
RABIES: A RARE DISEASE BUT A SERIOUS PEDIATRIC PROBLEM
Authors: Cereghino James J. , Osterud Harold T. , Pinnas Jacob L. , Holmes Monroe A. 
Published: December 2021

Human rabies encephalitis is of particular interest to the pediatrician in the United States since the highest incidence occurs in the under 15 age group. When a child has been exposed to wild or domestic animals, specific antirabic treatment must be considered. Factors to consider in establishing treatment include the health status and changes in the behavior of the biting animal, the extent and location of the bite, and the relative risk of infection in the involved species. Recommendations for immunization following exposure have been made by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Rabies.
A case of human rabies encephalitis was imported to the United States from Egypt in 1967. The diagnosis was suspected but could not be confirmed antemortem. There are no readily available reliable tests for the diagnosis of rabies in the human prior to death.
The risk of obtaining rabies from a human contact may be small, but death is the only outcome if the disease is contracted. Screening of hospital personnel involved in the care of a human rabies patient revealed that isolation procedures had not eliminated possibility of exposure.
The value of rabies vaccines has been documented. Two forms of vaccine are presently available and others are in the experimental state. Antirabies serum is available for severely exposed individuals.
Aortic Blood Pressure in the Normal Newborn: Hazards of the Umbilical Artery Catheter
Authors: Anderson Frederick P. 
Published: December 2021

Although the authors of the study, "Aortic blood pressure in normal newborn infants during the first 12 hours of life" were sufficiently pleased with their results to recommend "that the aortic blood pressure be measured routinely in all infants who are apt to develop cardiopulmonary insufficiency and have indwelling umbilical arterial catheters," I feel obliged to raise two questions relative to its appropriateness and validity.
I am not aware that either premature labor and delivery (10 patients) , Premature twinnmg (2 patients), sibling with fatal RDS (3 patients) , or prolonged labor (2 patients) in and of itself constituted an indication for the employment of umbilical arterial catheterization.
EVALUATION OF THE ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INFANTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Yankauer Alfred 
Published: December 2021

Studies of the kind Dr. Anderson has reported are important because of the issues they raise—issues that only time, social change and further study will finally resolve. The issues are both direct and indirect or inferential.
The direct issues apply only to young children who are receiving continuing comprehensive health care from a single medical source regardless of how the source is financed, and to the "routine" examination of such children to discover new somatic conditions in need of care. Dr. Anderson's findings challenge the rigidity of current American health supervision routines. They raise questions, not only about the extent to which other "examiners" can select (not diagnose or treat) children who require the pediatrician's special attention but also about the frequency, content and timing of such examinations, regardless of who carries them out.
The indirect issues are more sensitive and more difficult to deal with. They revolve around the questions which Dr. Webb has phrased so feelingly in terms that will be understood by many pediatricians: the nature of the pediatrician's expectations and the satisfactions he derives from his work; his ability to work with and through others rather than in simple one-to-one relationship; the numbers, training, and roles of other workers associated with him; the relative importance of "routine" physical examinations as compared to other aspects of his work; the acceptability of any change in routines to his patients; and the need to "sell" services in a competitive market subject to greater consumer control.
Statistical projections must always stumble over if's and but's.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Turner J. A. Peter 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Turner commented as follows:
With reference to the letter by Drs. Brickman, Beaudry, and Wise, I would reply that I agree in part with their declaration of the relative lack of infectivity of primary pulmonary tuberculosis. There also is little doubt that under therapy such infectivity may be quickly minimized.
One should, however, point out that, on the basis of the finding of tubercle bacilli in gastric washings, there is a potential for infection.
Cephalosporium Meningitis
Authors: Hughes Walter T. 
Published: December 2021

I find it necessary to comment on the paper "Cephalosporium Meningitis" (Pediatrics, 44:749, 1969) in order to emphasize a word of caution to physicians who may encounter patients under circumstances similar to those described by Drs. Papadatos, Pavlatou, and Alexiou.
The patient reported was a newborn infant who on day 15 of life became irritable, listless, and refused feedings. In the absence of abnormal physical findings, the cerebrospinal fluid was examined and found to be slightly xanthochromic with 20 white blood cells per cu mm, and with normal chemical constituents.
Touchél
Authors: Brown George W. 
Published: December 2021

The February issue of Pediatrics has a brief report concerning itching in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, p. 296.
The Contents, the headline, and the article (12 times) spelled pruritus as pruritis. I guess the referee was a rheumatologist rather than a dermatologist. I note that the ad for CIBA Vioform (p. lii) spelled pruritus correctly.
Considering the usual punctiliousness of Pediatrics, this lapse is unusual. I wonder how many letters you will receive concerning this little matter.
CROSS RESISTANCE BETWEEN LINCOMYCIN AND ERYTHROMYCIN IN VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Sprunt Katherine , Leidy Grace , Redman Winifred 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-four (67%) of 36 patients who received either lincomycin (L) or erythromycin (E) had oropharyngeal viridans streptococcal populations, appreciable proportions of which were resistant to one or both antibiotics. Viridans streptococci resistant to both antibiotics were demonstrated in 22 of the aforementioned 24 patients.
Studies of single colony isolates from the individuals with doubly resistant strains showed that a majority (15 of the 22 patients) carried streptococci resistant to 100 µg of erythromycin and 10 µg of lincomycin per milliliter. Clinical implications of these results are discussed.
INDIGENT NEGRO AND CAUCASIAN BIRTH WEIGHT-GESTATIONAL AGE TABLES
Authors: Freeman Malcolm G. , Graves William L. , Thompson Rita L. 
Published: December 2021

Birth weight-gestational age tables have been calculated for 7,547 indigent Caucasian and 9,800 indigent Negro deliveries. Twin pregnancies, macerated stillborn fetuses, and incomplete cases were excluded.
The various collected data were tabulated by race and sex, and the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 25th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles were determined. The 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles are graphed. Ten standards for future birth weight-gestational age studies are suggested.
INDICATIONS FOR MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN INFANTS WITH HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
Authors: Reynolds E. O.R. 
Published: December 2021

One hundred and four infants with a diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease who weighed more than 1,000 gm at birth were admitted to the Neonatal Unit of University College Hospital during a period of 3 years. The management of the infants is described. Seventy-two infants survived without mechanical ventilation. The remaining 32 infants became apneic or collapsed with a heart rate of less than 80/minute, did not respond to simple resuscitative measures, and were mechanically ventilated; 7 of these 32 infants survived. Only one infant survived out of a total of 22 infants who became apneic within 24 hours of delivery. Six out of 10 infants survived when apnea occurred later than 24 hours after delivery. It is concluded that mechanical ventilation is unlikely to lead to the survival of the most severely affected infants, and that controlled trials of this form of treatment are both justifiable and desirable so that its effectiveness can be properly assessed.
Many infants with very severe abnormalities of gas exchange survived intact without needing mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it may be dangerous to select infants for mechanical ventilation on the basis of blood gas criteria because they may then be unnecessarily subjected to a potentially hazardous procedure.
Respirator Management in Hyaline Membrane Disease
Authors: Stern Leo 
Published: December 2021

Experiences with the use of mechanical sistance to respiration in severe hyaline membrane disease or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), have resulted in a recent increase in papers dealing with the subject.1-6 To these is now added the report of Reynolds7 appearing in this issue, detailing such an experience with a Bennett (positive pressure) respirator at University College Hospital in London.
In evaluating the applicability to other centers of such reports, it is necessary to bear in mind some variables which may profoundly influence the results and which would appear virtually impossible to standardize.
HOW TO TREAT WHOOPING COUGH ACCORDING TO DR. THOMAS HAYES OF LONDON IN 1786
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Whooping cough, which was first described as a disease sui generis by Baillou in 1640, was treated for many years by a plethora of fanciful regimens, ranging from covering the affected child's head with a cowl, supposedly to keep the disordered flux (causing the disease) from the brain entering the lung, to subjecting afflicted children to sudden frights or terrors.1
In 1786 Dr. Thomas Hayes published a plan of therapy for this disease which was followed by physicians both in the United Kingdom and the United States for more than 60 years. Dr. Hayes' regimen for managing infants and children with whooping cough was as follows:
As I have had some hundreds of children under my care ... in the Hooping [sic] Cough, and have not lost one by it; I shall give my general mode of treatment....
I begin, by giving a couple of purges, with sal polychrest, (editor's comment: probably potassium sodium tartrate or Rochelle Salt) and rhubarb....
After two or three purges have been given, I puke them twice or thrice in a week or oftener if need be, especially if children....
An efficacious mixture to puke children with is emetic tartar, four grains; pure water, four ounces; sugar, two drams. Mix (and give) one to three tea spoonfuls [sic] to a child of a year old, early in the morning and repeat it every quarter of an hour, till it puke freely.
When the fits of coughing are very violent, and disturb their rest, from half a drop of Laudanum to three or four; or a tea spoonful of syrup or white poppies ... either in water, or in other drinks. . .