bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prognosis of Penetrating Keratoplasty: Based Upon Corneal Morphology
Authors: Paton David 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In this paper, the author has attempted to express the prognosis for successful penetrating keratoplasty based upon a morphological classification of corneal disease. Four groups have been designated with their basic prognosis ranging from excellent to poor. The importance of appraising the diseased cornea in the area of its optimal recipient zone has been stressed. Ancillary factors adversely affecting the estimated final prognosis of keratoplasty have been considered, with emphasis upon the importance of glaucoma, lid function, tear film, ocular inflammation and patient compliance.
Not only is it important for the surgeon to appraise the chance of successful surgery, but it is essential for the patient to be informed in advance regarding the probability for successful surgery and the need to comply with sometimes demanding requirements of postoperative care.
Phacoanaphylactic Endophthalmitis: Echographic Diagnosis of Phacoanaphylactic Endophthalmitis
Authors: Hodes Barton L , Stern George 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A sixty-year-old black diabetic female developed a severe postoperative endophthalmitis eight days after unplanned extracapsular cataract surgery. Gram stain of a diagnostic vitreous aspirate showed no organisms, and culture of the aspirate was negative for bacteria and fungi. A- and B-scan ultrasonography showed the presence of intra-vitreal lens fragments; the diagnosis of phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis was made and intensive steroid therapy was instituted early in the course of the disease. Resorption of the lens fragments in association with gradual diminution of the inflammatory process was documented by serial echograms of the eye. The vitreous ultimately cleared and the patient regained useful vision. Ultrasonography is recommended as an essential part of the diagnostic evaluation of any patient with postoperative endophthalmitis especially with a history of extracapsular surgery.
Wide-Angle Cutter Vitrophage
Authors: Peyman Gholam A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A wide-angle cutter vitrophage facilitates removal of semi-solid or thick retropupillary membranes. The cutting orifice permits engagement of inflexible material which is then cut and removed via the instrument The wide-angle cutter has successfully removed thick secondary membranes and expedites pars plana removal of cataracts with 2+ nuclear sclerosis.
Anterior Chamber Depth After Intrascleral Filtering Surgery
Authors: Mackool Richard J , Buxton Jorge N 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Intrascleral filtering surgery was performed i ? 58 eyes and the anterior chamber (AC) depth was estimated postoperatively by recording the equivalent number of corneal thicknesses (CT) of central AC depth (lens-cornea distance). Lens-cornea touch occurred in 3 of 28 eyes with chronic simple glaucoma and was highly correlated with cataract formation. Lens-cornea touch did not develop in any of 11 eyes with other types of phakic glaucoma. Lens-cornea touch did not occur in any eye if the postoperative AC depth was ever 2 CT or greater and all three instances of lens-cornea touch occurred on or by the fifth postoperative day. Nineteen aphakic eyes were operated and all had normal AC depth from the first postoperative day. The data do not support the common belief that filtering procedures done beneath a scleral flap result in faster AC depth reformation than filtering procedures not done beneath a scleral flap.
A Fiber-Optics Pig-Tail Probe
Authors: Cohen Samuel W , Banko William , Cohen Harold H 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A pig-tail probe with a fiber-optics bundle incorporated within its thickness is described. The instrument is used as is commonly done at present with the standard pig-tail probe. In addition, the fiber-optics bundle delivers cold light to the tip of the probe which has been found very useful for locating the torn ends of a canaliculus, as well as delineating the anatomy of the lacrimal sac.
Marginal Tarsorrhaphy: A Technique to Minimize Premature Eyelid Separation
Authors: Grove Arthur S 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
By using a continuous intermarginal monofilament suture, a partial tarsorrhaphy can be performed which has a minimal tendency to separate prematurely. This technique is especially useful where recovery from facial paralysis is anticipated. Surgical division of the tarsorrhaphy can be performed easily with little, if any, defect of the eyelids.
Blindness Following Blowout Orbital Fractures
Authors: Cullen Gerald C R , Luce Cyril M , Shannon Gerard M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Blindness following blowout fractures is an unfortunate complication. The ophthalmologist must be aware of the events and sites of injury to the optic nerve which lead to visual problems.
Preventive measures include immediate recognition of the signs of impending optic nerve compression and execution of treatment without delay.
The importance of monitoring vision cannot be overstressed. Judicious surgery involves a post-injury delay in cases that are improving daily. The avoidance of additional surgical trauma with implant insertion during that period may help prevent postoperative blowout blindness.
Cicatricial Entropion
Authors: Bercovici Edwin , Hornblass Albert , Smith Byron 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
One hundred thirty-five cases of cicatricial entropion operated by the OculoPlastic Service of the Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital were reviewed. Results of 114 of these were available for study. There was an overall success rate in primary surgery of 57 percent Of those cases reoperated, only nine percent had a subsequent successful result The most common procedure done was the transverse blepharotomy and marginal rotation. There was no statistical correlation between the success rate and the age or sex of the patient Results on the fellow eye correlated well with results of the first eye in bilateral cases.
Normal Lid Margin After Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Cies William A , Baylis Henry I 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
To prevent corneal damage, the central lid margin must have a normal skinconjunctiva interface following the lid reconstruction. A two-step procedure may be employed: In the lower lid an initial Hughes reconstruction should be tried. If this is unacceptable, a subsequent block excision of the segment is performed. The important step in both phases is a thorough lateral cantholysis. In the upper lid, the central defect is immediately reconstructed by sliding the lateral lid remnant to the medial remnant The resulting lateral defect is reconstructed with a Hughes procedure. In both cases, a physiologic lid margin is insured, because normal lid is sutured to normal lid.
Extracapsular Surgery and Lens Implantation
Authors: Worst Jan G F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Extracapsular surgery is an ideal type of cataract surgery in combination with lens implantation insofar as stability and fixation of the lens is greatly enhanced.
However, a number of complications can be expected. The main problem of extracapsular surgery is posterior capsule opacification. This is due to regeneration of germinal lens fibers.
To prevent this a complete removal of cortical lens matter is advisable, even in lens implantation. This however requires special lenses, which have additional iris fixation.
Lens Implantation Surgery in the Second Eye
Authors: Clayman Henry M , Jaffe Norman S , Light David S , Eichenbaum Daniel M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In a series of 730 patients who underwent lens implant surgery, 44 (6%) had bilateral implants. Eighty-eight percent of these patients had at least one year's interval between operations and 50% more than two years. Surgery on the first eye resulted in vision of 20/40 or better in 86% of patients. Eighty-three percent of patients were 20/40 or better in the second eye following surgery. The principal cause of vision less than 20/40 was senile macular degeneration. Follow-up observation ranged from 4-96 months.
Conservative criteria are advised for bilateral implant surgery, with an appropriate interval between operations considering the increased complexity of the implant procedure.
Iris Plane Pseudophakoi (Copeland Lens): Prevention of Synechiae Formation
Authors: Blumenthal Michael , Rothkoff Leonard , Shoham Akiva , Monos Tova 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The iris plane Copeland lens was inserted in 56 cases. A high incidence of synechiae and retrolental membrane formation was noted. This could be prevented or reduced in severity by the controlled use of pupil dilatation in the postoperative period.
Intraocular Lens in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Eifrig David E , Doughman Donald J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
This report summarized the findings in 40 rabbit eyes undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction, 20 of which underwent intraocular lens implantation.
The parameters of postoperative evaluation are shown to be limited by the susceptability of the rabbit cornea to corneal edema in the early postoperative phases. The only apparent parameter of statistical importance in this series, however, was the day at which the intraocular lens implanted eye returned to normal compared to the day that the non-implanted eye returned to normal. The fact that there is a 13-day difference in these eyes and the fact that this difference is statistically significant may be important.
Pathologic examination of lens implanted eyes has shown that the surgical objectives of intracapsular loop fixation are quite feasible. Microscopic study also showed that there is minimal tissue response to the materials placed in the anterior chamber in this type of surgery.
Preoperative Topical Antibiotics and Lash Trimming in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Perry L Douglas , Skaggs Carson 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Fifty patients admitted for cataract extraction had their lids and conjunctivae cultured two days preoperatively, on the morning of surgery, and on each of the first four postoperative mornings. Multiple topical preoperative antibiotics given for forty-eight hours before surgery produced a marked reduction in the periocular bacterial flora, an effect which persisted throughout the postoperative period. Lash trimming prior to surgery did not alter the periocular bacterial flora present on the morning of surgery or at any time during the first four postoperative days. While multiple preoperative topical antibiotics may reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis through suppression of periocular bacterial flora, no such role can be postulated for lash trimming.
Management of a Patient with Orbital Varices, Visual Loss, and Ipsilateral Glaucoma
Authors: Kollarits Carol R , Gaasterland Douglas , Di Chiro Giovanni , Christiansen John , Yee Robert D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A man with congenital left orbital varices developed progressive ipsilateral visual loss beginning at age 62. Work-up demonstrated elevated intraocular pressure, decreased outflow facility, and mildly elevated episcleral venous pressure in the affected eye.
Initiation of adequate glaucoma treatment was associated with interruption of declining visual acuity and with expansion of the constricted visual field. Medical control of coexisting glaucoma should be attempted prior to consideration of surgical intervention in any patient with visual loss and an ipsilateral orbital varix.
Surgical Correction of the Lateral Canthal Deformity Associated With Anophthalmic "Enophthalmos"
Authors: Walter William L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In order to correct the lateral canthal and lower eyelid deformities associated with anophthalmic "enophthalmos," this paper proposes that a surgical modification of the bead implant operation be used in order to reposition the lateral canthal tendon to a higher level than its preoperative location. The surgical technique is described, and its usefulness in correcting similar lateral canthal deformities associated with fracture dislocations of the zygoma is mentioned.
Periosteal Graft in Scleromalacia
Authors: Rao Gullapalli N , Aquavella James V , Palumbo Anthony J 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A case of scleromalacia perforans in a 60-year-old white male without any associated systemic disease is reported. The patient had central retinal artery occlusion and Mooren's type of peripheral corneal degeneration in this eye preceding the development of scleromalacia.
Various modalities of treatment, both medical and surgical, have been described in the literature and among surgical procedures various tissues were used as graft material in the areas of scleral thinning. We chose periosteum as the graft material on the basis of our experience with it in cases of "through-and-through" keratoprosthesis and the result has been very encouraging. Though our experience is limited to only one case, we feel that periosteum as graft material has a place in cases of scleromalacia.
Cataract Aspiration with the O'Gawa Double-Bore Cannula
Authors: Nisbet R Michael , Guyton Jack S 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Sixty-eight soft cataracts were removed utilizing the O'Gawa double-bore aspiratingirrigating cannula. The postoperative visual acuity was found to be 20/100 or better in 83% and 20/40 or better in 59% of the 64 cases in which visual acuity was obtainable. In congenital cataracts, associated ocular defects such as strabismus or nystagmus reduced the visual prognosis. All cases of traumatic cataract had associated defects, usually a corneal laceration, however, visual improvement was noted in 81% of the cases. Significant postoperative corneal edema was not seen. Complications attributable to the operation included: rupture of the posterior capsule, insufficient removal of lens cortex, and pupillary block glaucoma. Discission of the posterior capsule was necessary in 26% of the eyes with an intact capsule. Retinal detachment followed the operation in three instances.
The O'Gawa double-bore cannula is recommended for the removal of soft cataracts.
Orbital Recurrence of Malignant Melanoma of the Choroid 24 Years After Enucleation
Authors: Saunders David H , Rodrigues Merlyn M , Shannon Gerard M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARYAn orbital recurrence of a choroidal malignant melanoma 24 years after enucleation has been described. This diagnosis should be considered in any patient presenting with a malfitting prosthesis following an enucleation for a choroidal malignant melanoma.
Trabeculectomy in Blacks: A Two-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Ferguson James G , Macdonald Roderick 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Fifty trabeculectomies were performed in 46 black patients for control of intraocular pressure in chronic open angle glaucoma. Forty-two eyes (84%) were controlled at the end of a two-year follow-up period. Thirty-eight (76%) required no medication for control while four eyes (8%) required antiglaucomatous medication for adequate control of intraocular pressure.
Echothiophate Iodide for Flat Anterior Chamber Following Cataract Extraction
Authors: Rothkoff L , Biedner B , Blumenthal M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Three cases are presented of late flat anterior chambers which were cured by echothiophate iodide treatment. Two of the cases required repeated instillations to achieve permanent restoration of normal chamber depth. We now recommend that echothiophate treatment be considered in cases of late flat anterior chamber unresponsive to standard medical treatment.
The Management of Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Harvey John T , Anderson Richard L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We present nine cases of sebaceous adenocarcinoma seen on the Oculoplastic Service at the University of Iowa over the past five years. It is essential to make the biopsy-proven diagnosis of meibomian gland adenocarcinoma promptly, using multiple full thickness eyelid biopsies. We recommend the Mohs' fresh-frozen technique in patients with surgically resectable lesions, exenteration in those with orbital extension, and radical neck dissection for cases with nodal involvement. Radiotherapy may be indicated in patients with extensive tumors who cannot tolerate or refuse surgery or as an adjunct to surgery in others.
Worsening of Myopia Following A Circular Keratotomy
Authors: Perry L Douglas , Taylor Lawrence C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Radial keratotomy is a relatively new procedure performed to flatten the cornea and thus reduce or eliminate myopia. We are reporting a case of a patient who underwent a circular keratotomy instead of the radial keratotomy for which permission had been given. Myopic astigmatism worsened following the procedure.
Management of Subluxed Posterior-Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Stark Walter J , Bruner William E , Martin Neil F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Subluxation of a posterior-chamber lens (IOL) (sunset syndrome) can be a difficult problem to manage. We describe a modification of the McCannel iris fixation suture technique for the management of subluxed posterior-chamber IOLs.
Surgical Management of Pseudophakic Corneal Edema: Complications and Visual Results Following Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Arentsen Juan J , Laibson Peter R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Of 45 eyes with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, 40 underwent a penetrating corneal transplant. Thirty-six were followed for over six-months post surgically. Preoperative increased intraocular pressure and endothelial dystrophy in the contralateral eye were common findings. The most important factors limiting visual acuity postoperatively were increased intraocular pressure and cystord macular edema.
Although most grafts remained clear, this does not correlate with the final visual outcome in these patients.
Eyes in which the IOL was retained had statistically better visual results than eyes in which the IOL was removed because of associated complicating factors.
Pressure Profile of Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures: An Experimental Study on the Rabbit Eye
Authors: Honda Yoshihito , Kawano Shin-ichiro , Negi Akira , Koizumi Kyoko 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A balloon sensor was implanted in the posterior wall of the rabbit eye, and pressure fluctuation during several surgical procedures was monitored. Temporary IOP increase during digital massage sometimes reached near 100 mm Hg. Pressure increase during incision on the cornea was quite high, while corneal suturing, lens extraction, iridectomy, and open-sky vitrectomy induced minor fluctuating pressure on the posterior wall. Diathermy coagulation and scleral incision during simulated retinal detachment surgery increased IOP, exceeding 50 mm Hg and sometimes reaching 100 mm Hg.
"In The Bag": Shearing Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Patient with Multiple Severe Coagulopathies
Authors: Eifrig David E , Blatt Philip M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In patients with coagulation defects, the use of a posterior chamber lens implanted within the capsular bag after extracapsular cataract extraction appears to be well suited for the avoidance of long-term hemorrhagic complications. Bleeding tendencies during and following surgery can be managed medically with careful collaboration of a hematologist or coagulationist. This patient's multifaceted coagulopathy was easily manageable by treating each component as a separate entity. It is our present view that the vast majority of patients with severe coagulopathy can safely undergo cataract surgery and can be considered for intraocular lens implantation.
Salicylate-Induced Bleeding Problem in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Paris George L , Waltuch George F 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A 54-year-old woman with clinically asymptomatic PCV underwent eyelid surgery. Twenty-four hours after an uncomplicated procedure she had a severe bleeding diathesis following the ingestion of a small amount of aspirin. Treatment of her bleeding disorder and a review of the effects of salicylates on platelet function are discussed.
Local Injection of Steroids for Juvenile Hemangiomas Which Disturb the Visual Axis
Authors: Brown Bernice Z , Huffaker Gary 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Steroids have been used since 1967 for the treatment of hemangiomas1 and for orbital hemangiomas since 1970.2 These were systemically administered which caused concern because of the possible systemic side effects.
In 1979, Kushner3 described local injection of steroids in the eyelid of infants where an hemangioma obstructed the visual axis or refractive error was induced by pressure from the lesion.
Five cases of lid hemangioma were treated using this method with varying degrees of success (possibly depending on percentage of mix of the tumor, capillary vs. cavernous). There were no measurable deleterious effects from the injections after a two-year follow-up.
Pupillary Block Glaucoma Following Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Kielar Richard A , Stambaugh James L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Seven cases of pupillary block glaucoma occurred in a series of 665 consecutive cases of cataract extraction with insertion of an iris supported intraocular lens, an overall incidence of 1%. The incidence with an iris plane lens was 1.7%, and for all other styles used the incidence was 0.3%. Common factors noted were iris plane intraocular lens and early postoperative complications predisposing to pupillary block. In four of the seven cases, there was a period of normal intraocular pressure followed by elevated intraocular tension with a deep central anterior chamber two weeks to fifteen months following cataract extraction, with subsequent development of corneal edema and typical shallowing of the anterior chamber with iris bombe. Five of seven cases ultimately regained control of intraocular pressure although extensive peripheral anterior synechia were present. No patient ultimately had a visual acuity better than 20/50.
Moxalactam (Moxam) in the Treatment of Experimental Staphylococcal Endophthalmitis
Authors: Leeds Norman H , Peyman Gholam A , House Barbara 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We investigated the intraocular penetration, retinal toxicity, clearance from the vitreous, and antibacterial activity of moxalactam (Moxam), a new third-generation cephalosporin with activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram positive organisms and many gram negative organisms. Seventy-four albino rabbits were used. Subconjunctival injection yielded therapeutic aqueous and vitreous levels for all hours studied. Intraocular penetration following single dose intravenous and intramuscular administration was poor. Two mg injected into the vitreous produced rare focal retinal toxicity.
Eleven of the 1 1 eyes receiving intravitreal injections of 2 mg moxalactam eight hours after inoculation with S. aureus were sterile and free of morphologic changes. Moxalactam appears to be a potent broad spectrum antibiotic with a low degree of toxicity to rabbit retinal tissue.
Maintenance of Mydriasis with Epinephrine During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Duffin R Michael , Pettit Thomas H , Straatsma Bradley R 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The pupillary response to various doses of intraocular epinephrine (0.1 ml of 1:16,000, 1:32,000, 1:64,000, 1:80,000, or 1:96,000) was studied in 55 consecutive patients during extracapsular cataract surgery. The 1:16,000 epinephrine concentration provided a mean 0.74 mm increase in pupil diameter (range 0.0 to 1.7 mm) when administered to re-dilate the pupil after nucleus expression. The mean increase in pupil area with 1:16,000 epinephrine was 27% which greatly facilitated removal of lens cortex in most cases. However, 25% of all pupils failed to dilate with epinephrine 1:16,000. The other concentrations provided essentially the same mydriasis as the 1:16,000 concentration. Pupils smaller than 6 mm dilated more easily than pupils larger than 6 mm. Iris color, age, or sex had no significant effect on the mydriatic response. It is concluded that an extremely dilute concentration of epinephrine (i.e., 1:96,000 or less) may be effective in maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.