bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ evaluation of a gamified public health educational webinar: A comparative pilot study
Authors: Grech Joseph , Grech Jessica 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo compare undergraduate nursing students’ evaluations of a gamified educational webinar to a non‐gamified version. Both webinars covered the topic “Determinants of health,” part of public health education.DesignA post‐test evaluation design with a comparison group, and an additional qualitative component.MethodsFirst‐year students reading for a Bachelor of Science in Nursing at the Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology were randomly allocated into two classes of 26 students each, and to the gamified and non‐gamified webinars. The revised “Students Evaluations of Educational Quality” questionnaire was sent to all participants. Participants were also asked to provide comments on their learning experience.ResultsA total of 40 participants who attended the gamified and non‐gamified webinars completed the questionnaire. Educational quality was perceived as “good” to “very good,” in both groups. Most participants in the gamified webinar group remarked that gamification helped to increase their engagement and interaction.
Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO2composites
Authors: Guo Juan , Liu Minghui , Wang Hankun , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNon‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/bamboo fiber/nano‐TiO2(PP/BF/nano‐TiO2) composites was investigated using differential scanning calorimetric technique with various cooling rates (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30°C min−1). The influence of different loading concentration (0, 0.1, 0.4, and 0.8 wt%) of TiO2nanoparticles on the nucleation ability of polypropylene was evaluated. The Avrami equation, Ozawa, and Mo model were applied to describe the non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors and to analyze the experimental data of the PP/BF/nano‐TiO2composites. The Friedman isoconversional model was employed to calculate the effective activation energy (Ea) of the samples. The experimental data were in perfect agreement with the Mo model during the investigated crystallization temperature and the loading concentration of TiO2nanoparticles. The TiO2nanoparticles concentration of 0.4 wt% was useful for improving crystallization process of the PP matrix in the composites by accelerating the crystallization rate along with the lower values of t1/2and Ea. However, we observed no significant changes in the onset crystallization temperature(To) and the crystallization peak temperature(Tp) with the incorporation of TiO2nanoparticles in the PP matrix, suggesting that the influence of TiO2nanoparticles was more remarkable at the crystal growth instead of nucleation stage for the PP/BF/nano‐TiO2composites system.
Gas‐Phase Synthesis of Silicon‐Rich Silicon Nitride Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Kilian Stefan O. , Wiggers Hartmut 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe practical application of silicon‐based anodes is severely hindered by continuous capacity fade during cycling. A very promising way to stabilize silicon in lithium–ion battery (LIB) anodes is the utilization of nanostructured silicon‐rich silicon nitride (SiNx), a conversion‐type anode material. Here, SiNx with structure sizes in the sub‐micrometer range have been synthesized in a hot‐wall reactor by pyrolysis of monosilane and ammonia. This work focusses on understanding process parameter–particle property correlations. Further, a model for the growth of SiNx nanoparticles in this hot–wall–reactor design is proposed. This synthesis concept is of specific interest regarding simplicity, flexibility, and scalability: A way utilizing any mixtures of precursor gases to build multi‐functional nanoparticles that can be directly used for LIBs instead of focusing on modification of nanostructures after they have been formed. Lab‐scale production rates as high as 30 g h−1 can be easily achieved and further scaled. SiN0.7 nanoparticles provide a first cycle coulombic efficiency of 54%, a specific discharge capacity of 1367 mAh g−1, and a capacity retention over 80% after 300 cycles at 0.5 C (j = 0.68 mA cm−2). These results imply that silicon‐rich silicon nitrides are promising candidates for high‐performance LIBs with very high durability.
The in situ treatment of TCE and PFAS in groundwater within a silty sand aquifer
Authors: McGregor Rick , Zhao Ye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChlorinated ethenes such as trichloroethene (TCE), cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene (cis‐1,2‐DCE), and vinyl chloride along with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as chemicals of concern in groundwater; with many of the compounds being confirmed as being carcinogens or suspected carcinogens. While there are a variety of demonstrated in‐situ technologies for the treatment of chlorinated ethenes, there are limited technologies available to treat PFAS in groundwater. At a former industrial site shallow groundwater was impacted with TCE, cis‐1,2‐DCE, and vinyl chloride at concentrations up to 985, 258, and 54 µg/L, respectively. The groundwater also contained maximum concentrations of the following PFAS: 12,800 ng/L of perfluoropentanoic acid, 3,240 ng/L of perfluorohexanoic acid, 795 ng/L of perfluorobutanoic acid, 950 ng/L of perfluorooctanoic acid, and 2,140 ng/L of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. Using a combination of adsorption, biotic, and abiotic degradation in situ remedial approaches, the chemicals of concern were targeted for removal from the groundwater with adsorption being utilized for PFAS whereas adsorption, chemical reduction, and anaerobic biodegradation were used for the chlorinated ethenes. Sampling of the groundwater over a 24‐month period indicated that the detected PFAS were treated to either their detection, or below the analytical detection limit over the monitoring period. Postinjection results for TCE, cis‐1,2‐DCE, and vinyl chloride indicated that the concentrations of the three compounds decreased by an order of magnitude within 4 months of injection, with TCE decreasing to below the analytical detection limit over the 24‐month monitoring period. Cis‐1,2‐DCE, and vinyl chloride concentrations decreased by over 99% within 8 months of injections, remaining at or below these concentrations during the 24‐month monitoring period. Analyses of Dehalococcoides, ethene, and acetylene over time suggest that microbiological and reductive dechlorination were occurring in conjunction with adsorption to attenuate the chlorinated ethenes and PFAS within the aquifer.Analysis of soil cores collected pre‐ and post‐injection, indicated that the distribution of the colloidal activated carbon was influenced by small scale heterogeneities within the aquifer. However, all aquifer samples collected within the targeted injection zone contained total organic carbon at concentrations at least one order of magnitude greater than the preinjection total organic carbon concentrations.
Novel Hyperbranched Polyimides Bearing Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐triphenylamine Moiety: Preparation and Rewritable Nonvolatile Memory Behaviours
Authors: Song Ying , Zhao Liqun , Yao Hongyan , Tian Ye , Zhu Shiyang , Guan Shaowei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwo novel hyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs) bearing bis(trifluoromethyl)‐triphenylamine moiety were prepared by condensation polymerization of a triamine monomer, N,N‐bis[4‐amino‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐1,4‐benzenediamine (ATPB), with oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) and hexafluoroisopropyl phthalic anhydride (6FDA). The trifluoromethyl group was introduced into HBPIs to improve the property of the memory device. The resulting hyperbranched polyimides exhibited high molecular weights (weight‐average molecular weights large to 7.51×104 with a polydispersity of 1.63), outstanding organic‐solubility and excellent thermal stability (5 % thermal weight‐loss temperature up to 518 °C). Memory devices based on these hyperbranched polyimides showed similar rewritable nonvolatile memory characteristics but with different threshold voltages. The switching voltage was found to have a dependence on the energy barrier between polymer active layer and electrodes. These devices displayed favorable stability in both OFF and ON states with retention time long to 104 s and ON/OFF current ratio as high as 106. The space charge‐limited conduction model and local filaments formation were responsible for the switching behaviors of these memory devices. The results indicate that these hyperbranched polyimides are promising candidates for polymer memory application.
Design and Synthesis of Fluoroquinolone Derivatives as Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: In Vitro Inhibitory Screening with In Silico Docking Studies
Authors: Shaheen Aasia , Ashiq Uzma , Jamal Rifat Ara , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Gul Sana , Yousuf Sammer , Ali Syed Tahir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFluoroquinolones are extensively used in clinical applications as a crucial class of antibacterial medicine and have shown high potential for the treatment of several other diseases. This study is based on synthesis, structure elucidation and biological evaluation of various fluoroquinolone (enoxacin) analogues with electrophilic substitution of aromatic amine moiety of central enoxacin nucleus by benzyl halides. The synthesized derivatives were characterized on the basis of different chemical and physical measurements and structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (NMR, EI‐MS), including elemental (CHN), and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore these compounds were investigated for their potential α‐glucosidase inhibition activities and all synthesized analogues of fluoroquinolones were found to exhibit promising inhibition potential of 45.8±0.2 to 74.5±0.2 μM in comparison to IC50 value of 425.6±1.3 μM for standard inhibitor of α‐glucosidase1‐deoxynojirimycin. Further, docking of synthetic compounds were carried out by using α‐glucosidase I enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeas a target. The study provided an insight of the molecular interactions of fluoroquinolone derivatives with the enzyme that are in good agreement with the inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds and can be considered as a valuable tool for designing new drugs.
In2O3/In2S3 Heterostructures Derived from In‐MOFs with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yan Dahai , Wan Ziyao , Wang Kang , Wang Xitao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA series of In2O3/In2S3 core‐shell heterostructures, derived from metal‐organic‐frameworks (MOFs), were successfully synthesized via a two‐step solvothermal route with different addition amount of sulfur‐bearing reagent (L‐cysteine, L‐Cys), which were used as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with water vapor. The results indicated that 1.2‐In2O3/In2S3 with optimized L‐Cys addition amount had the highest production rate of CH4 (14.3 μmol gcat−1 h−1) and CO (2.59 μmol gcat−1 h−1). Pure In2O3 and 2.4‐In2O3/In2S3 with excess L‐Cys addition exhibited higher H2 production rate but lowest CO2 photoreduction activity. As the characterizations revealed, amorphous shell with abundant In2O3/In2S3 heterostructures greatly improved the separation efficiency of photo‐induced charge carriers and visible light harvesting ability, which promoted the photoreduction of CO2 consequently. However, over‐addition of sulfur‐bearing reagent destroyed the heterostructures of shell layer and turned them into thickened In2S3 crystal layer. This substitution not only reduced the amount of heterostructures, but also hindered the adsorption of CO2 on the reactive surface.
A Simple and Efficient Turn‐Off Fluorescence Sensor for the Nanomolar Detection of Homovanillic Acid Using Protein Mediated Blue Emitting Nickel Nanoclusters
Authors: Ravindran Devika Sudha , Mukundan Swathi , Kumar Krishnapillai Girish 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHomovanillic acid (HVA) is a catecholamine metabolite that plays a vital role in the diagnosis of several neurological disorders. Thus, a simple and cost‐effective sensing strategy for HVA determination is significant. Herein, we describe the development of a turn‐off fluorescence sensor for the effective determination of HVA using bovine serum albumin stabilized nickel nanoclusters (BSA NiNCs). This biocompatible and water‐suspended fluorophore exhibited strong emission at 405 nm upon exciting at 325 nm. The fluorescence intensity of BSA NiNCs was efficiently quenched by the addition of HVA within the linear range 9.00×10−7 M–5.00×10−8 M with a limit of detection of 9.23×10−9 M. A static quenching mechanism was proposed for the sensor due to the aggregation of BSA NiNCs on adding HVA. The practical utility of the sensor was tested in artificial urine and blood serum and a good recovery using the spike‐recovery method were obtained.
Photoinduced Activation of Unactivated C(sp3)‐H Bonds and Acylation Reactions
Authors: Ren Chen‐Chao , Wang Tian‐Qi , Zhang Yu , Peng Dao , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Wu Qing‐An , Liu Xue‐Fen , Luo Shu‐Ping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn efficient and benign method of C (sp3)‐H acylation based on the direct conversion of stable amides has been established. This photoredox cross‐coupling of amides and methylbenzenes for aromatic ketones is enabled by the cheap benzophenone photocatalyst and nickel catalyst, with high yield (up to 90 %). The benzophenone catalyst having electron‐withdrawing group promotes the efficiency of hydrogen atom transfer, which is beneficial to improve the yield.
Elliptic Calabi-Yau fivefolds and 2d (0,2) F-theory landscape
Authors: Tian Jiahua , Wang Yi-Nan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we initiate the study of the 2d F-theory landscape based on compact elliptic Calabi-Yau fivefolds. In particular, we determine the boundary models of the landscape using Calabi-Yau fivefolds with the largest known Hodge numbers h1,1 and h4,1. The former gives rise to the largest geometric gauge group in the currently known 2d (0,2) supergravity landscape, which is $$ {E}_8^{482\;632\;421}\times {F}_4^{3\;224\;195\;728}\times {G}_2^{11\;927\;989\;964}\times \mathrm{SU}{(2)}^{25\;625\;222\;180} $$

E
8

482

632

421

×

F
4

3

224

195

728

×

G
2

11

927

989

964

×
SU

2

25

625

222

180

. Besides that, we systematically study the hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces with small degrees, and check the gravitational anomaly cancellation. Moreover, we also initiate the study of singular bases in 2d F-theory. We find that orbifold singularities on the base fourfold have non-zero contributions to the gravitational anomaly.
Tachyon condensation in magnetic compactifications
Authors: Buchmuller Wilfried , Dudas Emilian , Tatsuta Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntersecting D-brane models and their T-dual magnetic compactifications provide an attractive framework for particle physics, allowing for chiral fermions and supersymmetry breaking. Generically, magnetic compactifications have tachyons that are usually removed by Wilson lines. However, quantum corrections prevent local minima for Wilson lines. We therefore study tachyon condensation in the simplest case, the magnetic compactification of type I string theory on a torus to eight dimensions. We find that tachyon condensation restores supersymmetry, which is broken by the magnetic flux, and we compute the Kaluza-Klein mass spectrum. The gauge group SO(32) is broken to USp(16). We give arguments that the vacuum reached by tachyon condensation corresponds to the unique 8d superstring theory already known in the literature, with discreteBabbackground or, in the T-dual version, the type IIB orientifold with three O7−-planes, one O7+-plane and eight D7-branes coincident with the O7+-plane. The ground state after tachyon condensation is supersymmetric and has no chiral fermions.
Statistics on Lefschetz thimbles: Bell/Leggett-Garg inequalities and the classical-statistical approximation
Authors: Millington Peter , Mou Zong-Gang , Saffin Paul M. , Tranberg Anders 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Inspired by Lefschetz thimble theory, we treat Quantum Field Theory as a statistical theory with a complex Probability Distribution Function (PDF). Such complex-valued PDFs permit the violation of Bell-type inequalities, which cannot be violated by a real-valued, non-negative PDF. In this paper, we consider the Classical-Statistical approximation in the context of Bell-type inequalities, viz. the familiar (spatial) Bell inequalities and the temporal Leggett-Garg inequalities. We show that the Classical-Statistical approximation does not violate temporal Bell-type inequalities, even though it is in some sense exact for a free theory, whereas the full quantum theory does. We explain the origin of this discrepancy, and point out the key difference between the spatial and temporal Bell-type inequalities. We comment on the import of this work for applications of the Classical-Statistical approximation.
Aspects of quantum information in finite density field theory
Authors: Daguerre Lucas , Medina Raimel , Solís Mario , Torroba Gonzalo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study different aspects of quantum field theory at finite density using methods from quantum information theory. For simplicity we focus on massive Dirac fermions with nonzero chemical potential, and work in 1 + 1 space-time dimensions. Using the entanglement entropy on an interval, we construct an entropic c-function that is finite. Unlike what happens in Lorentz-invariant theories, this c-function exhibits a strong violation of monotonicity; it also encodes the creation of long-range entanglement from the Fermi surface. Motivated by previous works on lattice models, we next calculate numerically the Renyi entropies and find Friedel-type oscillations; these are understood in terms of a defect operator product expansion. Furthermore, we consider the mutual information as a measure of correlation functions between different regions. Using a long-distance expansion previously developed by Cardy, we argue that the mutual information detects Fermi surface correlations already at leading order in the expansion. We also analyze the relative entropy and its Renyi generalizations in order to distinguish states with different charge and/or mass. In particular, we show that states in different superselection sectors give rise to a super-extensive behavior in the relative entropy. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to interacting theories, and argue for the relevance of some of these measures for probing non-Fermi liquids.
Function Theories in Cayley-Dickson Algebras and Number Theory
Authors: Kraußhar Rolf Sören 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the recent years a lot of effort has been made to extend the theory of hyperholomorphic functions from the setting of associative Clifford algebras to non-associative Cayley-Dickson algebras, starting with the octonions.An important question is whether there appear really essentially different features in the treatment with Cayley-Dickson algebras that cannot be handled in the Clifford analysis setting. Here we give one concrete example: Cayley-Dickson algebras admit the construction of direct analogues of so-called CM-lattices, in particular, lattices that are closed under multiplication.Canonical examples are lattices with components from the algebraic number fields$$\mathbb{Q}{[\sqrt{m1}, \ldots \sqrt{mk}]}$$Q[m1,…mk]. Note that the multiplication of two non-integer lattice paravectors does not give anymore a lattice paravector in the Clifford algebra. In this paper we exploit the tools of octonionic function theory to set up an algebraic relation between different octonionic generalized elliptic functions which give rise to octonionic elliptic curves. We present explicit formulas for the trace of the octonionic CM-division values.
Chondrocalcinosis does not affect functional outcome and prosthesis survival in patients after total or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Moret Céline S. , Iordache Edna , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Hirschmann Michael T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There are contentious data about the role calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals and chondrocalcinosis (CC) play in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), as well as in the outcomes after knee arthroplasty. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review was to analyse the clinical and functional outcome, progression of OA and prosthesis survivorship after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with CC compared to patients without CC.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Medline, Embase and Web of Science was performed using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis” (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles which reported the outcome and survival rates of prosthesis after TKA or UKA in patients with CC were included.

Results
A total of 3718 patient knees were included in eight selected publications, with a median sample sizes of 234 knees (range 78–1000) and 954 knees (range 408–1500) for publications including UKA and TKA, respectively. At time of surgery, the mean age was 69 years and the prevalence for CC ranged from 12.6 to 36%. Chondrocalcinosis did not significantly influence the functional and clinical outcome, the implant survival as well as the radiologic progression of OA disease after UKA and TKA.

Conclusion
The presence of CPP crystals in tissue samples, synovial fluid or evidence of calcifications on preoperative radiographs did not significantly influence the postoperative functional and activity scores. It also had no significant influence on prosthesis survival rate, whether it was a UKA or a TKA. This study shows that the impact of a subclinical form of chondrocalcinosis may not be of clinical relevance in the context of arthroplasty.

Level of evidence
IV.
An unusual case of late hematoma after implant-based breast reconstruction mimicking an anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fioramonti Paolo , Lovero Stefano , Kaciulyte Juste , Ribuffo Diego , Frattaroli Jacopo M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLate hematoma associated with breast implants used in esthetic and reconstructive breast surgery represents a rare entity. These hematomas do not have a clear etiology, but triggering events like trauma, anticoagulant use, capsule contracture, or chronic inflammation are reported in literature. We describe an 82-year-old patient who developed a unilateral intra-capsular hematoma 19 years after mastectomy and breast reconstruction with McGhan 445 g implant. Differential diagnosis with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) was considered and potential causes of hematoma were evaluated. Constant pressure forces on chest wall were defined as pathophysiological cause. A systematic literature review concerning late hematoma cases was carried out, focusing on late hematoma etiology and various surgical treatments.Level of evidence: Level V, diagnostic study.