bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of western blot technique: From bench to bedside
Authors: Meftahi Gholam Hossein , Bahari Zahra , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali , Iman Maryam , Jangravi Zohreh 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWestern blot (WB) or immunoblot is a workhorse method. It is commonly used by biologists for study of different aspects of protein biomolecules. In addition, it has been widely used in disease diagnosis. Despite some limitations such as long time, different applications of WB have not been limited. In the present review, we have summarized scientific and clinical applications of WB. In addition, we described some new generation of WB techniques.
Using the Interaction between Copper and Manganese to Stabilize Copper Single‐atom for CO Oxidation.
Authors: Jiang Mingzhu , Chen Jing , Gao Yanxia , Lv Xuelong , Yan Dongxu , Jia Hongpeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interaction between Cu and Mn has been used to immobilize the Cu single‐atom on MnO2 surface by redox‐driven hydrolysis. Comprehensive structure and property characterizations demonstrate that the existence of an Cu−Mn interaction on the catalyst surface can effectively restrain the aggregation of Cu single atoms and improve carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activity. The interaction of forming the Cu−O−Mn entity is beneficial for CO catalytic activity as the migration of reactive oxygen species and the coordination effect of active centers accelerate the reaction. In particular, 3%‐Cu1/MnO2 shows an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) value (342.75 μmol/g) more than ten times that of pure MnO2 (27.79 μmol/g) and has high CO catalytic activity (T90%=80 °C), it can maintain CO conversion of 95 % after 15 cycles. This work offers a reliable method for synthesizing Cu single‐atom catalysts and deepens understanding of the interaction effect between single transition metal atoms and supports that can improve the catalytic activity of CO oxidation.
A hybrid fuzzy weighted centroid and extreme learning machine with crow‐particle optimization approach for solving localization problem in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Saravanan T. R. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe sensor nodes localization is very advantageous in wireless sensor network (WSN). This allows effective data transfer between the sensor node networks. Therefore, it saves energy and prolongs network life. Here, a hybrid FWCELM‐CPO method is proposed for solving the sensor node localization problem in WSN. The proposed hybrid method is executed in MATLAB, and the performance is analyzed with different existing algorithms like centroid, fuzzy centroid, and ELM. The simulation results show that the proposed FWCELM‐CPO method attains the higher detection rate of 14.117%, 5.435%, and 11.494%, higher segmentation accuracy of 9.556%, 26.41%, and 16%, lower execution time of 66.667%, 75%, and 70.37%, higher segmented region of 65.957%, 20%, and 44.444%, and higher precision of 34.72%, 18.29%, and 8.78% compared to the existing algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can be able to find the optimal global solutions efficiently with accurately.
Modulating Charge Carrier Efficient Separation Enabled by Lewis Base Modification in Paper‐based Photoelectrochemical Sensor
Authors: Yu Haihan , Sun Shubo , Tan Xiaoran , Zhang Lina , Gao Chaomin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe separation efficiency of charge carriers determines the analytical sensitivity of the paper‐based photoelectrochemical sensor. Herein, the Lewis base modification strategy is proposed to promote the carrier separation through an in‐situ ion exchange method. Firstly, three‐dimensional paper‐based hierarchically TiO2 (PHT) arrays are prepared with the one‐step hydrothermal method. With the aid of Lewis base, the photo‐induced charge separation efficiency and the photocurrent signal are obviously increased. Ultimately, sensitive sensing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is achieved and the linear range is 1 pg/mL–100 ng/mL with the detection limitation of 0.3 pg/mL.
Electroformation of Pd‐modified Thin Film Electrocatalysts Using E‐ALD Technique
Authors: Mkhohlakali A. C. , Fuku X. , Modibedi R. M. , Khotseng L. E. , Mathe M. K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectrochemical atomic layer deposition was used to form bimetallic (BiPd, CuPd) and trimetallic (CuBiPd) thin films via surface‐confined reactions. Pd thin films were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the alloy formation with preferred Au/Pd(111) orientation was confirmed by XRD. AFM revealed uniform grain distribution, with 3D islands growing on CuBiPd. EDX verified the presence of all deposited elements. Compared to other prepared catalysts, CuBiPd catalyst showed higher activity and stability towards the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), as confirmed by the peak current and onset potential trends, respectively: CuBiPd (1.35 mA, −0.450 V)>CuPd (0.6016 mA, −0.442 V)>BiPd (0.275 mA, −0.384 V)>Pd (0.186 mA, −0.350 V). The EOR current on CuBiPd improved by 2.5 folds relative to Pd. The results show that CuBiPd electrocatalyst is a promising material for EOR with enhanced catalytic properties for direct ethanol fuel cell
Inside Cover
Authors: Lazniewska Joanna , Darby Jack R. T. , Holman Stacey L. , Sorvina Alexandra , Plush Sally E. , Massi Massimiliano , Brooks Doug A. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSheep models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were utilised to investigate metabolic changes in fetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT). Using two‐photon microscopy, a decreased redox ratio was detected in IUGR fat. This was accompanied by changes in lipid droplet morphology, detected by confocal microscopy, and by altered expression of metabolic‐related genes. The results indicate that metabolic imbalance of fetal PAT may increase the chance of survival of growth‐restricted neonates.Further details can be found in the article by Joanna Lazniewska, Jack R. T. Darby, Stacey L. Holman, Alexandra Sorvina, Sally E. Plush, Massimiliano Massi, Doug A. Brooks, and Janna L. Morrison (e202000322).
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Inside Cover
Authors: Subramanian Kaushikaram , Petzold Heike , Seelbinder Benjamin , Hersemann Lena , Nüsslein Ina , Kreysing Moritz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBiological cells are highly light scattering, largely precluding the optical access of light microscopes into living tissues. Using a scheme of mutation and high throughput optical selection, the authors present the directed evolution of mammalian cells towards increased transparency. The evolved cells replicate and reflect a physiological state, while showing strongly reduced light scattering, which motivates the authors to propose the generation of genetically enhanced, optically superior tissues (GHOSTs) to advance life microscopy.Further details can be found in the article by Kaushikaram Subramanian, Heike Petzold, Benjamin Seelbinder, LenaHersemann, Ina Nüsslein, and Moritz Kreysing. (e202000457).
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Inside Cover
Authors: Won Jungeun , Porter Ryan G. , Novak Michael A. , Youakim Jon , Sum Ada , Barkalifa Ronit , Aksamitiene Edita , Zhang Anqi , Nolan Ryan , Shelton Ryan , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAir pressure‐driven movements of the eardrum were captured with a handheld probe‐based OCT system. The pneumaticdriven stiffness and time lag were compared between the normal ear and the ear with a middle ear infection.Further details can be found in the article by Jungeun Won, Ryan G. Porter, Michael A. Novak, Jon Youakim, Ada Sum, Ronit Barkalifa, Edita Aksamitiene, Anqi Zhang, Ryan M. Nolan, Ryan L. Shelton, and Stephen A. Boppart (e202000215).
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A cost‐effective fluorination method for enhancing the performance of metal oxide thin‐film transistors
Authors: Deng Sunbin , Dong Shou‐Cheng , Chen Rongsheng , Zhong Wei , Li Guijun , Zhang Meng , Yeung Fion Sze Yan , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFluorination is a common technique for enhancing the performance of metal oxide (MO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). However, it usually requires extra processing steps under harsh conditions and brings about a high thermal budget. This work reports a mild fluorination method for MO TFTs using a fluorinated polyimide (F‐PI) in an industry‐standard planarization (PLN) process. During the thermal curing of the F‐PI, fluorine‐containing fragments diffused into MO channels and significantly improved the electrical performance of MO‐TFTs. Channel fluorination was observed in both bottom‐ and top‐gated devices, exemplifying the effectiveness of this method. A 2.2‐in., monochrome AMOLED prototype display was fabricated using the fluorinated MO TFTs. This method provides a mild and low‐thermal‐budget fluorination technique and is useful for the cost‐effective production of active‐matrix flat‐panel display panels.
Effect of latency on simulator sickness in smartphone virtual reality
Authors: Tošić Ivana , Hoffman David , Balram Nikhil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technologies have experienced rapid development in recent years, leading to low‐cost consumer smartphone VR systems (with 3DoF tracking). One issue with the smartphone VR systems, which rely on existing generic displays, is simulator sickness, which arises due to factors that induce sensory conflicts, especially related to visual–vestibular conflict. Display update latency with respect to head position is one of the most widely implicated factors for simulator sickness. However, studies of the effects of latency on simulator sickness have given inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies were done on systems with latencies much higher than current smartphone VR systems. Therefore, it is hard to generalize those results to today's VR systems. To address this, we present in this paper a study on the effect of latency on simulator sickness for latency levels around 20 ms. We present a systematic evaluation of simulator sickness in smartphone VR, testing for a difference between conditions with latencies of 18 and 28 ms, on a task of natural game playing in smartphone VR. We noted differences between individuals in their reported simulator sickness for the two latency conditions but no sample‐wide significant difference.
Through‐space 11B–27Al correlation: Influence of the recoupling channel
Authors: Zheng Mingji , Xin Shaohui , Wang Qiang , Trébosc Julien , Xu Jun , Qi Guodong , Feng Ningdong , Lafon Olivier , Deng Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThrough‐space heteronuclear correlation (D‐HETCOR) experiments based on heteronuclear multiple‐quantum correlation (D‐HMQC) and refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (D‐RINEPT) sequences have been proven to be useful approaches for the detection of the spatial proximity between half‐integer quadrupolar nuclei in solids under magic‐angle spinning (MAS) conditions. The corresponding pulse sequences employ coherence transfers mediated by heteronuclear dipolar interactions, which are reintroduced under MAS by radiofrequency irradiation of only one of the two correlated nuclei. We investigate herein using numerical simulations of spin dynamics and solid‐state NMR experiments on magnesium aluminoborate glass how the choice of the channel to which the heteronuclear dipolar recoupling is applied affects the transfer efficiency of D‐HMQC and D‐RINEPT sequences between 11B and 27Al nuclei. Experimental results show that maximum transfer efficiency is achieved when the recoupling scheme is applied to the channel, for which the spin magnetization is parallel to the B0 axis in average.
Urodynamic evaluation before and after to RARP to identify pre and intraoperative factors affecting postoperative continence
Authors: Majima Tsuyoshi , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Funahashi Yasuhito , Kato Masashi , Sassa Naoto , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate factors contributing to pre and postoperative urethral function in male patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the urethral pressure profile (UPP).MethodsStudy AA total of 313 patients who underwent RARP between April 2013 and March 2015 were prospectively investigated. UPP was performed preoperatively in all patients. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate predictive factors for low preoperative maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP).Study BTo validate the predictive factors for low preoperative MUCP obtained in Study A, 755 patients who underwent RARP between May 2010 and October 2017 were retrospectively examined. Relationships between the time to pad‐free status and the following factors were investigated: number of predictive factors, nerve‐sparing surgery, and vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) methods (barbed vs. nonbarbed suture).ResultsStudy AA total of 187 patients were enrolled. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age, large prostate volume, low erectile function domain scores in International Index Erectile Function 15, and use of calcium channel blockers were significantly associated with low preoperative MUCP.Study BA total of 515 patients were included. Cox proportional hazard regression showed that the number of predictive factors and VUA method were significantly associated with the time to pad‐free status.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that older age, larger prostate volume, poor erectile function, and calcium channel blocker use could be predictive markers for recovery from postprostatectomy urinary incontinence.
The relationship between overactive bladder and attachment: A preliminary study
Authors: IŞIK Mesut , DEMİR Murat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThere are strong relationships between overactive bladder (OAB) and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between OAB and attachment.MethodsPatients who presented with OAB symptoms and were first diagnosed with OAB were included in the study. Patient and control groups were matched in terms of age and gender. A urological and psychiatric examination was performed on each participant. The severity of patients’ OAB symptoms was assessed using the Overactive Bladder‐V8 Questionnaire (OAB‐v8). The characteristics of attachment patterns were evaluated using The Close Relationships Scale Revised.ResultsThe OAB and control groups included 41 and 43 participants, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to alcohol abuse, daily cigarette consumption, marital status, and gender. The prevalence of anxious attachment was significantly higher in the OAB group than in the control group (p < 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found with regard to avoidant attachment (p = 0.18). A significant relationship was found between the OAB‐v8 score and anxious attachment in OAB patients (r = 0.50; p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that insecure attachment, especially anxious attachment is associated with OAB and the severity of OAB symptoms. More extensive and longitudinal studies can better show the relationship between attachment and OAB. Future research may focus on the possibility of causality between attachment and OAB.
Qualitative and quantitative impact of filler on thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites
Authors: Ameen Faiza , Atif Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , Yousuf Umar Farhan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpoxy composites with carbon particles show a range of propertiesomposite properties are a mixture of intrinsic properties of ingredient phases, so filler contribution in designing composite property intensely relates to volume fraction. Along with that, the interface between matrix and filler plays a vital role in defining the reinforcement mechanism. Filler particles with compatible surface chemistry bring particle–matrix connections on atomic level. Surface chemistry governs the shape of filler either in isolated domains, aggregates, or clusters (group of aggregates), which stem complex orientations. Aggregation may result in poor dispersion of filler that effects its distribution. This diversity of forms makes it feasible to tailor composite properties. This review contains data on both quantitative and qualitative effects of filler on thermomechanical behavior of epoxy composites.
The characterisation of polydimethylsiloxane containing gold nanoparticles as a function of curing time
Authors: Cutroneo Mariapompesa , Havranek Vladimír , Mackova Anna , Malinsky Petr , Torrisi Alfio , Silipigni Letteria , Slepicka Petr , Fajstavr Dominik , Torrisi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2021

Spherical gold nanoparticles (NPs), 10 nm in diameter, have been dispersed in a type of polydimethylsiloxane, whose polymerisation requires accurate temperature control. At the temperature of 100°C, the polymerisation of the polydimethylsiloxane matrix is completed in 15 min, whereas at room temperature (∼20°C), it takes about 24–48 h. Gold NPs were incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane after which the resulting nanocomposites were placed in an oven preheated to 100°C for different curing times. Both porous and bulk nanocomposites were obtained using a bottom‐up approach. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites with the weight‐percentage concentration of 0.2% of Au NPs were cured for 15, 30 and 45 min. Different curing times have affected the Au‐NP properties. The network of porous PDMS nanocomposite promotes a uniform anchoring of the gold NPs. The porous PDMS nanocomposite samples, prepared using the sugar‐template method, have been compared with the bulk counterpart to obtain a full characterisation of the material. The dependence of the morphological and electrical properties of gold NPs on their size has been studied by atomic‐force microscopy and two‐point‐probe electrical‐conductivity measurement. The optical performance of the bulk PDMS nanocomposites has been analysed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy in the transmission mode. An enhancement of the absorption was observed after the increase of both the nanocomposite‐curing time and the percentage of the Au NPs used as fillers. The fabricated nanocomposite can be used to manufacture optical‐sensing devices, switches in optoelectronics and optical waveguides.
A process model for concurrent conceptual design of space systems
Authors: Knoll Dominik , Fortin Clement , Golkar Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis work presents a model of the process of conceptual design studies which use the concurrent engineering approach. Concurrent conceptual design is an integrated system development approach, to rapidly explore feasible design solutions by parallelizing the work of experts. This approach is characterized by a multidisciplinary team of experts collaborating in a co‐located manner. Albeit the conceptual design phase requires creative problem solving, teamwork requires coordination, and would profit from a shared understanding of the design process. Based on a survey among experts from 15 different organizations, and practice documented in literature, we propose a model of the underlying design process. This work extends our previous work on a coordination method for concurrent design and provides validation of the process model via case studies and expert interviews. The proposed process model is formalized in SysML diagrams. It can be used to help program coordinators and train engineers of different disciplines on the methodology of concurrent conceptual design, as well to serve as a baseline for implementing the methodology in new organizations.
Propolis alleviates 4‐aminobiphenyl‐induced oxidative DNA damage by inhibition of CYP2E1 expression in human liver cells
Authors: Wahyuni Eva Ari , Chen Chien Yi , Wu Huery Nuo , Chien Chih‐Ching , Chen Ssu‐Ching 
Published: April 2021

Abstract4‐Aminobiphenyl (4‐ABP) may cause DNA damage in human liver cells (HepG2 and L‐02). Propolis exhibits antioxidant properties through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. We determined the effects of propolis in alleviating 4‐ABP ‐induced DNA damage using the comet assay. Results revealed that propolis could significantly alleviated oxidative damaged DNA by 4‐ABP. Furthermore, we proved that inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression by propolis could contribute to the decreased oxidative DNA damage in the treated cells, as the conversion of 4‐ABP into its metabolite, N‐hydroxy‐ABP (HOABP), was blocked; after all, HOABP showed more genotoxic than its parent chemical, 4‐ABP. With the homologous recombination assay, propolis failed to induce DNA repair enzymes. Furthermore, the expression of RAD51, Ku70/Ku80, and OGG1 in treated cells were determined with the western blot, revealing that the expression of these protein were unchanged in comparison with those in nontreated cells. However, propolis could protect the treated cells from DNA damage. In conclusion, propolis could antagonize 4‐ABP‐induced oxidative DNA damage though the removal of ROS and inhibition of CYP2E1 expression in the treated cells.
A real triplet-singlet extended Standard Model: dark matter and collider phenomenology
Authors: Bell Nicole F. , Dolan Matthew J. , Friedrich Leon S. , Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. , Volkas Raymond R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We examine the collider and dark matter phenomenology of the Standard Model extended by a hypercharge-zero SU(2) triplet scalar and gauge singlet scalar. In particular, we study the scenario where the singlet and triplet are both charged under a single ℤ2 symmetry. We find that such an extension is capable of generating the observed dark matter density, while also modifying the collider phenomenology such that the lower bound on the mass of the triplet is smaller than in minimal triplet scalar extensions to the Standard Model. A high triplet mass is in tension with the parameter space that leads to novel electroweak phase transitions in the early universe. Therefore, the lower triplet masses that are permitted in this extended model are of particular importance for the prospects of successful electroweak baryogenesis and the generation of gravitational waves from early universe phase transitions.