bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obturator hernia: a case report
Authors: Major C. Kendall , Aziz Madiha , Collins Jay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Obturator hernia is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all abdominal wall hernias. It represents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific signs and symptoms.

Case presentation
We present a case of an 89-year-old caucasian female with a 12-hour history of right medial thigh pain. Computed tomography scan revealed a right obturator hernia with small bowel obstruction. The hernia was successfully repaired laparoscopically without any need for small bowel resection. She was discharged on postoperative day 2 with an uneventful recovery and zero complications.

Conclusion
This case report highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and repair of obturator hernia even in the setting of an improving clinical picture. It also demonstrates the safety of laparoscopic repair in this setting.
Acquired right-sided diaphragmatic hernia in a patient with retroperitoneal hydatidosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Boumarah Dhuha , Alsinan Ali , Alothman Omar , AlDandan Omran , Alshomimi Saeed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiaphragmatic hernia is primarily congenital in origin and has potentially devastating pulmonary complications. Acquired diaphragmatic hernia as a complication of hydatid disease remains a rare clinical entity. Retroperitoneal hydatidosis, in particular is an exceptionally rare cause behind a similar presentation. This paper aims to present the first case of acquired diaphragmatic hernia likely caused by eroding retroperitoneal hydatid cysts and provide a succinct literature review regarding the causative association between hydatid disease and diaphragmatic defects.Case presentationA 71-year-old Saudi man, with a history of hydatid disease involving several areas including the retroperitoneum, presented with multiple episodes of shortness of breath and abdominal pain of 10 months’ duration. Computed tomography scans of the chest and abdomen demonstrated the presence of a large diaphragmatic defect, with herniation of bowel loops into the chest cavity. Initially, the patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which was then converted to a posterolateral thoracotomy to repair the defect.ConclusionsThe ability of hydatid disease to involve several body organs makes diagnosis and management of resultant complications a challenge in some cases, like ours. Knowledge about a reported rare complication could enable early detection and management to avoid serious complications, including abdominal viscera incarceration and strangulation.
Statistical genetics and polygenic risk score for precision medicine
Authors: Konuma Takahiro , Okada Yukinori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe prediction of disease risks is an essential part of personalized medicine, which includes early disease detection, prevention, and intervention. The polygenic risk score (PRS) has become the standard for quantifying genetic liability in predicting disease risks. PRS utilizes single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genetic risks elucidated by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and is calculated as weighted sum scores of these SNPs with genetic risks using their effect sizes from GWASs as their weights. The utilities of PRS have been explored in many common diseases, such as cancer, coronary artery disease, obesity, and diabetes, and in various non-disease traits, such as clinical biomarkers. These applications demonstrated that PRS could identify a high-risk subgroup of these diseases as a predictive biomarker and provide information on modifiable risk factors driving health outcomes. On the other hand, there are several limitations to implementing PRSs in clinical practice, such as biased sensitivity for the ethnic background of PRS calculation and geographical differences even in the same population groups. Also, it remains unclear which method is the most suitable for the prediction with high accuracy among numerous PRS methods developed so far. Although further improvements of its comprehensiveness and generalizability will be needed for its clinical implementation in the future, PRS will be a powerful tool for therapeutic interventions and lifestyle recommendations in a wide range of diseases. Thus, it may ultimately improve the health of an entire population in the future.
Online Public Interest in Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Xu Ruoyong , Brown Patrick , Baxter Nancy , Sawka Anna M. 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSEHealth care priorities of individuals may change during a pandemic, which may, in turn, affect health services utilization. We examined Canadians' online relative search interest in five common solid tumors (breast, colon, lung, prostate, and thyroid) during the COVID-19 pandemic to that observed in the same months in the prior 5 years.METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study using Google Trends aggregate anonymous online search data from Canada. We compared the respective relative search volumes for breast, colon, lung, prostate, and thyroid cancers for the months March-November 2020 with the mean for the same months in 2015-2019. Welch's two-sample t tests were performed and the raw P values were then adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to correct for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was defined by choosing false discovery rate at .05 for the primary analysis.RESULTSWe observed temporary statistically significant reductions in Canadians' relative search volumes for various cancers, largely early in the pandemic, in the spring of 2020. Specifically, significant reductions (after adjustment for multiple comparisons) were observed for breast cancer in April, May, and October 2020; colon cancer in March and April of 2020; lung cancer in April and September 2020; and prostate cancer in April and May 2020. Thyroid cancer relative search volumes were not significantly different from those observed prior to the pandemic.CONCLUSIONAlthough Canadians' online interest in various cancers temporarily waned early in the COVID-19 pandemic, recent relative search volumes for various cancers are largely not significantly different from prior to the pandemic.
Pamela's Complaint: Injury, Rights, and the Politics of Story
Authors: Cardon Allison 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPamela; or, Virtue Rewarded uses a literary form of legal complaint to argue that Pamela has been injured by B's violent advances. Richardson suggests that these advances should be treated as legal wrongs and that Pamela deserves to be righted. However, her social status and her servitude to her local justice of the peace make recourse impossible. Along with the rest of the characters, B rejects her complaint, insisting instead that it is his reputation that has been injured by Pamela's pleas and that he, not Pamela, stands in need of remedy. Their contest over harm and remedy is an allegory of common law justice for victims of sexual violence: it tends to treat their complaints as malevolent prosecutions, directing legal scrutiny toward the victims of sexual violence rather than toward its perpetrators. Richardson's political critique of the legal system engenders an outsider theory of rights. Institutional accounts of rights suggest that rights are personal attributes of the individual or the unique inheritance of the English subject, but Pamela argues that they arise out of political conflicts over what counts as harm and what harm should be remedied. Historians, political theorists, and literary critics tend to agree that the novel reflects and consolidates these institutional rubrics, but this reading shows that outsider demands for legal remedy pose a unique threat to institutional political power.
Arabidopsis vascular complexity and connectivity controls PIN-FORMED1 dynamics and lateral vein patterning during embryogenesis
Authors: Yanagisawa Makoto , Poitout Arthur , Otegui Marisa S. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Arabidopsis VASCULATURE COMPLEXITY AND CONNECTIVITY (VCC) is a plant-specific transmembrane protein that controls the development of veins in cotyledons. Here, we show that the expression and localization of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) is altered in vcc developing cotyledons and that overexpression of PIN1-GFP partially rescues vascular defects of vcc in a dosage-dependent manner. Genetic analyses suggest that VCC and PINOID (PID), a kinase that regulates PIN1 polarity, are both required for PIN1-mediated control of vasculature development. VCC expression is upregulated by auxin, likely as part of a positive feedback loop for the progression of vascular development. VCC and PIN1 localized to the plasma membrane in pre-procambial cells but were actively redirected to vacuoles in procambial cells for degradation. In the vcc mutant, PIN1 failed to properly polarize in pre-procambial cells during the formation of basal strands, and instead, it was prematurely degraded in vacuoles. VCC plays a role in the localization and stability of PIN1, which is crucial for the transition of pre-procambial cells into procambial cells that are involved in the formation of basal lateral strands in embryonic cotyledons.
Cool your jets: biological jet propulsion in marine invertebrates
Authors: Gemmell Brad J. , Dabiri John O. , Colin Sean P. , Costello John H. , Townsend James P. , Sutherland Kelly R. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPulsatile jet propulsion is a common swimming mode used by a diverse array of aquatic taxa from chordates to cnidarians. This mode of locomotion has interested both biologists and engineers for over a century. A central issue to understanding the important features of jet-propelling animals is to determine how the animal interacts with the surrounding fluid. Much of our knowledge of aquatic jet propulsion has come from simple theoretical approximations of both propulsive and resistive forces. Although these models and basic kinematic measurements have contributed greatly, they alone cannot provide the detailed information needed for a comprehensive, mechanistic overview of how jet propulsion functions across multiple taxa, size scales and through development. However, more recently, novel experimental tools such as high-speed 2D and 3D particle image velocimetry have permitted detailed quantification of the fluid dynamics of aquatic jet propulsion. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of a variety of parameters such as efficiency, kinematics and jet parameters, and review how they can aid our understanding of the principles of aquatic jet propulsion. Research on disparate taxa allows comparison of the similarities and differences between them and contributes to a more robust understanding of aquatic jet propulsion.
Hydrodynamic stress and phenotypic plasticity of the zebrafish regenerating fin
Authors: Dagenais Paule , Blanchoud Simon , Pury David , Pfefferli Catherine , Aegerter-Wilmsen Tinri , Aegerter Christof M. , Jaźwińska Anna 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Understanding how extrinsic factors modulate genetically encoded information to produce a specific phenotype is of prime scientific interest. In particular, the feedback mechanism between abiotic forces and locomotory organs during morphogenesis to achieve efficient movement is a highly relevant example of such modulation. The study of this developmental process can provide unique insights on the transduction of cues at the interface between physics and biology. Here, we take advantage of the natural ability of adult zebrafish to regenerate their amputated fins to assess its morphogenic plasticity upon external modulations. Using a variety of surgical and chemical treatments, we could induce phenotypic responses to the structure of the fin. Through the ablation of specific rays in regenerating caudal fins, we generated artificially narrowed appendages in which the fin cleft depth and the positioning of rays bifurcations were perturbed compared with normal regenerates. To dissect the role of mechanotransduction in this process, we investigated the patterns of hydrodynamic forces acting on the surface of a zebrafish fin during regeneration by using particle tracking velocimetry on a range of biomimetic hydrofoils. This experimental approach enabled us to quantitatively compare hydrodynamic stress distributions over flapping fins of varying sizes and shapes. As a result, viscous shear stress acting on the distal margin of regenerating fins and the resulting internal tension are proposed as suitable signals for guiding the regulation of ray growth dynamics and branching pattern. Our findings suggest that mechanical forces are involved in the fine-tuning of the locomotory organ during fin morphogenesis.
Um esqueleto num cavalo branco
Authors: Belisario da Silva Raquel 
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo propõe analisar a peça A doença branca, do escritor tcheco Karel Čapek, publicada e encenada pela primeira vez no ano de 1937. Será considerada a situação política europeia naquele período, bem como o reflexo, dentro da obra, do pensamento e das opiniões do autor sobre tal situação. Como aporte teórico, o texto trará a contribuição de Susan Sontag, que se dedicou a escrever sobre a doença enquanto metáfora, inclusive na literatura. Além disso, estudos dedicados à vida e à obra de Čapek comporão um quadro mais geral sobre o qual se poderá apoiar a apreciação desse drama específico. Busca-se, com isso, partir do exame do drama selecionado, e de como o autor aborda o tema da doença, para pensar a atualidade dessa leitura no momento em que o mundo, uma vez mais, é atingido por uma pandemia.
Prostituição, neoconservadorismo e pandemia – o Movimento de Prostitutas e os desafios da Covid-19
Authors: Rodrigues Marlene Teixeira 
Published: June 2021

Este texto analisa o acesso à direitos de pessoas que exercem a prostituição, no contexto da pandemia e tendo em conta, o avanço da extrema direita e do neoconservadorismo no Brasil e suas repercussões na esfera da ação estatal. O avanço conservador – que se delineou antes da eleição de Bolsonaro e da pandemia, ganhou contornos dramáticos com a chegada da Covid-19. A análise das iniciativas realizadas por organizações do Movimento de Prostitutas, no período da pandemia, identificadas mediante pesquisa documental, revela os desafios, a agenda e as estratégias adotadas pelo Movimento, diante do desmonte e desfinanciamento das ações governamentais, patrocinado pelo novo governo. A se destacar a construção de articulações com diferentes sujeitos políticos, de diferentes esferas, a fim de fazer frente às demandas (novas e velhas) agudizadas pela pandemia e à ausência de apoio do governo federal. Palavras-Chave: Prostituição. Neoconservadorismo. Trabalho Sexual. Covid-19
Frontier: Drainage Water Recycling in the Humid Regions of the U.S.: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hay Christopher H. , Reinhart Benjamin D. , Frankenberger Jane R. , Helmers Matthew J. , Jia Xinhua , Nelson Kelly A. , Youssef Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2021

HighlightsDrainage water recycling captures and stores agricultural drainage water for reuse as supplemental irrigation.Drainage water recycling can both increase crop production and benefit downstream water quality.Depending on management, drainage water recycling can also provide other complementary benefits.Research needs to advance drainage water recycling are presented and discussed. Keywords: Drainage water quality, Drainage water reuse, Subsurface drainage, Supplemental irrigation, Agricultural resiliency.
Frontier: Discipline-Based Education Research to Advance Authentic Learning in Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Authors: Diefes-Dux Heidi A. 
Published: June 2021

HighlightsDiscipline-based education research can provide unique insights for agricultural and biological engineering.Authentic learning has the potential to transform teaching practices and student learning.Work in the five areas of engineering education research provides a foundation for discipline-specific inquiry.An agricultural and biological engineering education research agenda is advised. Keywords: Authentic learning, Discipline-based education research.
Sodium alginate microencapsulation improves the short-term oral bioavailability of cannabidiol when administered with deoxycholic acid
Authors: Majimbi Maimuna , Brook Emily , Galettis Peter , Eden Edward , Al-Salami Hani , Mooranian Armin , Al-Sallami Hesham , Lam Virginie , Mamo John C. L. , Takechi Ryusuke 
Published: June 2021

Background
Cannabidiol (CBD) confers therapeutic effects in some neurological disorders via modulation of inflammatory, oxidative and cell-signalling pathways. However, CBD is lipophilic and highly photooxidative with low oral bioavailability in plasma and brain. In this study, we aimed to design and test a CBD microencapsulation method as a drug delivery strategy to improve the absorption of CBD. Additionally, we evaluated the brain uptake of CBD capsules when administered alongside capsules containing a permeation-modifying bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA).

Methods
Microcapsules containing either CBD or DCA were formed using the ionic gelation method with 1.5% sodium alginate formulations and 100 mM calcium chloride. C57BL/6J wild type mice randomly assigned to three treatment groups (3–4 mice per group) were administered CBD in the following preparations: 1) CBD capsules, 2) CBD capsules + DCA capsules and 3) naked CBD oil (control). To assess the short-term bioavailability of CBD, plasma and brain samples were collected at 0.3, 1 and 3 hours post administration and CBD levels were analysed with liquid chromatography mass spectrometer.

Results
We produced spherical capsules at 400 ± 50 μm in size. The CBD capsules were calculated to have a drug loading of 2% and an encapsulation efficiency of 23%. Mice that received CBD capsules + DCA capsules showed a 40% and 47% increase in CBD plasma concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. Furthermore, the CBD capsules + DCA capsules group showed a 48% and 25% increase in CBD brain concentration compared to mice on CBD capsules and naked CBD oil, respectively. In mice treated with CBD capsules + DCA capsules, the brain CBD concentration peaked at 0.3 hours with a 300% increased availability compared to CBD capsules and naked CBD oil groups, which peaked at 1 hour after administration.

Conclusions
The microencapsulation method combined with a permeation enhancer, DCA increased the short-term bioavailability of CBD in plasma and brain.
The prevalence of diabetes amongst young Emirati female adults in the United Arab Emirates: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamad Maysm N. , Ismail Leila Cheikh , Stojanovska Lily , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Feehan Jack , Jarrar Amjad H. , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S. 
Published: June 2021

Aims
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes using FPG and HbA1c and to examine their relationships with obesity and other risk factors in young female Emirati college students.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study we recruited 555 female college students aged 17–25, enrolled at United Arab Emirates University in Al Ain, UAE. Anthropometric analysis, blood pressure, and various biochemical markers were measured using standard methods. Type 2 Diabetes, impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and elevated HbA1c levels were examined in the study population as per the standards of medical care in diabetes, set out by the American Diabetes Association in 2020.

Results
Based on the HbA1c test, the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes were 24% and 8.6%, respectively. Based on the FPG test, the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes were 9.2% and 0.5%, respectively. The kappa statistic of concordance between HbA1c and FPG was 0.287, P < 0.001. Abnormal glycemic status was significantly associated with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (< 50 mg/dl) (p = 0.002) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) level (≥ 2.0 mg/L) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Using FPG to evaluate glycemic control seems to underestimate the burden of undiagnosed diabetes which could have a significant impact on clinical practice. Our data indicates an association between abnormal glycemic status with HDL and Hs-CRP. Further evaluation is needed to assess the impact of using HbA1c as a diagnostic test for diabetes in the UAE.
Assessment of utility values and QALYs after primary PCI with DP-Xience and BP-Biomatrix stents
Authors: Bibi Salma , Khan Amjad , Nadeem Asif , Mushtaq Saima , Khan Gul Majid 
Published: June 2021

Background
Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the recommended treatment in ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). The determination of Quality of life (QoL) for various options of coronary revascularization is important for establishment of a comprehensive care plan. Studies of QoL in interventional cardiology are scarce. Our study has compared utility scores and quality adjusted life year (QALY) of 2nd and 3rd generation drug eluting stents (DES).

Methods
An observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate QoL and QALY using EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Patients undergoing PPCI between July-Dec 2019 were evaluated after completion of one year of procedure.

Results
Total 334 patients were evaluated, study population consisted of a greater number of males (87.13%) than females. Mean utility value was more in 3rd G Biomatrix stents; 0.829 ± 0.11 than 2nd G Xience stents; 0.794 ± 0.11 (p < 0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS) value was also high in 3rd G DES (81.84 ± 8.29) as compared to 2nd G DES (77.81 ± 9.01); p< 0.05. A significant association was found between utility scores/VAS and age, DM, HTN, Current smoking, family history and CAD diagnosis. There was a gain of 0.035 QALY with the use of Biomatrix DES.

Conclusion
Health related quality of life (HRQOL) is a leading support in the decision making of therapeutic interventions. Our study has found that Biodegradable polymer (BP) Biomatrix DES are superior to the Durable polymer (DP) Xience DES having better QoL and QALY.