bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast in-situ X-ray scattering reveals stress sensitivity of gypsum dehydration kinetics
Authors: Schrank Christoph Eckart , Gaede Oliver , Blach Tomasz , Gioseffi Katherine Carmen Michelle , Mudie Stephen , Kirby Nigel , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Radliński Andrzej P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe dehydration of gypsum to hemihydrate has been studied for decades because it is an important model reaction for understanding fluid-triggered earthquakes, and due to the global use of plaster of Paris in the construction industry. The dehydration kinetics of gypsum strongly depend on temperature and water vapour pressure. Here, we perform fast, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray scattering on natural alabaster samples, finding that a small elastic load accelerates the dehydration reaction significantly. The mechanical acceleration of the reaction consumes about 10,000 times less energy than that due to heating. We propose that this thermodynamically surprising finding is caused by geometry-energy interactions in the microstructure, which facilitate nucleation and growth of the new crystalline phase. Our results open research avenues on the fundamental thermo-mechanics of crystal hydrates and the interaction of stress and chemical reactions in crystalline solids with a wide range of implications, from understanding dehydration-triggered earthquakes to the energy-efficient design of calcination processes.
3D Bioprinting for fabrication of tissue models of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kabir Anisha , Datta Pallab , Oh Julia , Williams Adam , Ozbolat Veli , Unutmaz Derya , T. Ozbolat Ibrahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Over the last few decades, the world has witnessed multiple viral pandemics, the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic being the worst and most devastating one, claiming millions of lives worldwide. Physicians, scientists, and engineers worldwide have joined hands in dealing with the current situation at an impressive speed and efficiency. One of the major reasons for the delay in response is our limited understanding of the mechanism of action and individual effects of the virus on different tissues and organs. Advances in 3D bioprinting have opened up a whole new area to explore and utilize the technology in fabricating models of these tissues and organs, recapitulating in vivo environment. These biomimetic models can not only be utilized in learning the infection pathways and drug toxicology studies but also minimize the need for animal models and shorten the time span for human clinical trials. The current review aims to integrate the existing developments in bioprinting techniques, and their implementation to develop tissue models, which has implications for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future translation of these models has also been discussed with respect to the pandemic.
Line current ripple reduction of two paralleled three‐phase two‐level converter using optimized common‐mode voltage injections
Authors: Liu Shengfu , Jin Xiaoliang , Shi Wen , Yang Huan , Zhao Rongxiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a common‐mode voltage injection‐based pulse width modulation strategy to optimize the AC current ripple of parallel interleaved converters. In general, modulation methods entail a trade‐off between switching times and voltage error. Given the redundancy in the available vector sequences, we sequentially minimize the switching times and the voltage error. Specifically, we propose eight candidate vector sequences with minimized switching times for each 60° sector. Then, we quantitate the current ripple introduced by the eight vector sequences, and according to the calculations, we split each 60° sector into eight subsectors, each employs the respectively optimal vector sequence with the minimized current ripple. For implementation, the candidate vector sequences are further unified by a common‐mode voltage injection scheme. The injection depends on the momentary subsector in which the reference lies. Despite the complex geometry of the subsectors, we propose a simple decision procedure that can be easily implemented in mainstream microcontrollers. Compared to the conventional methods, the proposed common‐mode voltage injection‐based pulse width modulation has a smaller AC current ripple at the same switching loss. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed common‐mode voltage injection‐based pulse width modulation strategy.
Torque ripple minimization with modified comparator in DTC based three‐level five‐phase inverter fed five‐phase induction motor
Authors: Tatte Yogesh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe proposed technology deals with the reduction in torque ripple of five‐phase induction motor. The machine is controlled by direct torque control technique and fed by three‐level five‐phase inverter (TL‐FPI). In the fraternity of multiphase induction motor, five phase is the most researched drive, considering complexity of control mechanism and advantages which multiphase machine has offered. The selection of TL‐FPI is based on availability of more voltage vectors (243) than two‐level five‐phase inverter (32). The 41 voltage vectors are employed out of 243 based on simplicity and advantages of multiphase machine. The selected vectors are operated through modified seven‐level torque comparator. An increase in levels of the comparator restrains the ripple in a predefined boundary. Here, modification in the predefined boundary of the comparator is suggested which allows the utilization of optimal voltage vectors. According to modification, zero voltage vectors are replaced with small active vectors when actual torque is lower than its reference value. To substantiate the claim various results of simulation and experimentation are given.
Preoperative Oral Hydration Is Safe in Rapid Recovery Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Singh Vivek , Feng James E. , Posner Andrew , Jean-Louis Kimberly , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFluid and food restrictions prior to surgery are thought to reduce the risk for perioperative aspiration pneumonia. However, the recent anesthesia literature suggests that clear fluids up to 2 hours before surgery may be tolerated. Here we investigate the safety and efficacy of a standardized hydration protocol among same-day discharge total hip arthroplasty (SDD-THA) candidates. All patients scheduled to undergo primary SDD THA between January 2017 and October 2018 were included. Surgical recipients between January 2017 and August 2017 were used as historical controls. Surgical recipients between September 2017 and October 2018 participated in the hydration initiative which allowed for the consumption of 32 oz of clear fluid 2 hours prior to surgery. Baseline demographics and quality metrics were prospectively collected and analyzed to define the impact of a hydration protocol in SDD THA. In total, 585 consecutive SDD-THA candidates were included in this study, of which 309 and 276 patients were in the control and hydration cohorts, respectively. Univariable analysis of postoperative outcomes demonstrated that a similar number of THA recipients failed SDD (7.44 vs. 7.97%; p = 0.88); however, a clinically meaningful reduction in hypotensive episodes was observed among the hydration cohort (0.4 vs. 1.9%; p = 0.08). Multivariable regression demonstrated similar outcomes after controlling for all collected patient risk factors (odds ratio 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.48–1.88; p = 0.89). Our study suggests hydration protocols are safe and may reduce the clinical incidence of postoperative hypotension when compared with standard nil per os restrictions. Future studies are needed to better elucidate the role of perioperative hydration before THA. The level of evidence of the study is level II, prospective observational cohort.
Understanding the Anatomy of the Denonvilliers Fascia: Review Article
Authors: Alessa Mohammed Yousef 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe postoperative outcome of rectal cancer has been improved after the introduction of the principles of total mesorectal excision (TME). Total mesorectal excision includes resection of the diseased rectum and mesorectum with non-violated mesorectal fascia (en bloc resection). Dissection along the mesorectal fascia through the principle of the “holy plane” minimizes injury of the autonomic nerves and increases the chance of preserving them. It is important to stick to the TME principle to avoid perforating the tumor; violating the mesorectal fascia, thus resulting in positive circumferential resection margin (CRM); or causing injury to the autonomic nerves, especially if the tumor is located anteriorly. Therefore, identifying the anterior plane of dissection during TME is important because it is related with the autonomic nerves (Denonvilliers fascia). Although there are many articles about the Denonvilliers fascia (DVF) or the anterior dissection plane, unfortunately, there is no consensus on its embryological origin, histology, and gross anatomy. In the present review article, I aim to delineate and describe the anatomy of the DVF in more details based on a review of the literature, in order to provide insight for colorectal surgeons to better understand this anatomical feature and to provide the best care to their patients.
Robotic Surgery in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Oliveira Sara Margarida Leonardo de , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRectal cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most effective and curative treatment is surgery, and the standard procedure is total mesorectal excision, initially performed by open surgery and posteriorly by minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is expected to overcome the limitations of the laparoscopic approach. It has several advantages, including a stable camera platform with high definition three-dimensional image, flexible instruments with seven degrees of freedom, a third arm for fixed retraction, fine motion scaling, excellent dexterity, ambidextrous capability, elimination of physiological tremors and better ergonomics, that facilitate a steady and precise tissue dissection. The main technical disadvantages are the loss of tactile sensation and tensile feedback and the complex installation process. The aim of the present study is to review the importance and benefits of robotic surgery in rectal cancer, particularly in comparison with the laparoscopic approach. Intraoperative estimated blood loss, short and long-term outcomes as well as pathological outcomes were similar between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. The operative time is usually longer in robotic surgery and the high costs are still its major drawback. Robotic surgery for rectal cancer demonstrated lower conversion rate to open surgery and benefits in urinary and sexual functions and has been established as a safe and feasible technique.
Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumours – Experience of One Service
Authors: Devezas Vítor , Barbosa Laura Elisabete 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTumours of the appendix are rare and tend to be diagnosed incidentally, in cases of acute appendicitis. For some authors, appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (ANETs) are the most frequent neoplasm of the appendix, observed in 0.3% to 0.9% of cases acute appendicitis. The present is a unicentric retrospective study conducted between January 2005 and March 2017. Out of a total of 3,007 surgeries for appendiceal pathologies performed in the adult population at the hospital where the present study was conducted, there were 70 (2.33%) malignant cases, 20 (28.6%) of which were ANETs. The patients had a median age of 44 years (range: 18 to 85 years), and were predominantly women (there were 1.9 times more women than men). In 16 cases (80%), a simple appendicectomy was performed (1 patient was submitted to a right hemicolectomy later). The cases of ANETs had a good prognosis in our series: 85% of the patients are either alive today or were alive after 5 years of follow-up. Despite the fact that ANETs are described as the most frequent tumor of the appendix, this was not confirmed in our series, in which they only represented 28.6% of the cases; adenocarcinoma was the most frequent tumor (65.7%) among our sample.
Perforated Jejunal Adenocarcinoma in a COVID-19-Positive Patient
Authors: Cruz Jorge Said Haro , Degollado Ana Cristina Díaz , Iturbide Ricardo García , Gutiérrez Claudio Daniel Rojas , Macías Javier Alba , Hernández Andrei Coria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJejunal adenocarcinoma is a rare type of primary small bowel malignancy. It is generally diagnosed at late stages and as a surgical finding, with abdominal pain or discomfort being the main associated symptom. Cases presenting with perforation are even rarer, especially without disseminated disease. The relationship between cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still being studied, as well as the postsurgical evolution of COVID-19 patients and its possible causality of intestinal perforation. We present the case of a perforated jejunal adenocarcinoma in a COVID-19-positive patient, in whom the symptomatology secondary to the perforation led to an early diagnosis, treatment and adequate postsurgical evolution, despite the concomitant condition.
Robotic Transanal Surgery. Initial Experience in a Developing Country
Authors: Guraieb-Trueba Montserrat , Sánchez-Robles Juan Carlos , Navarro-Lara Eduardo , Herrera-Virrueta Víctor Javier 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a surgical technique used for the excision of rectal neoplasia that gained popularity during the last decade.Due to the technical difficulty (non-articulated instruments, reduced workspace) and the long learning curve associated with this technique, the use of robotic platforms to improve resection results has been suggested and reported, at the same time that the learning curve decreases and the procedure is facilitated
Materials and Methods From March 2017 to December 2019, all patients with rectal lesions eligible for TAMIS were offered the possibility to receive a robotic TAMIS (R-TAMIS). We used a transanal GelPoint Path (Applied Medical Inc., Santa Margarita, CA, USA) in the anal canal to be able to do the Da Vinci Si (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) robotic platform docking, which we used to perform the excision of the rectal lesion as well as the resection site defect.
Results Five patients between 34 and 79 years of age underwent R-TAMIS. The mean distance to the anal verge was 8.8 cm. There were no conversions. The mean surgery time was 85 minutes, and the mean docking time was 6.6 minutes.
Conclusions Robotic TAMIS is a feasible alternative to TAMIS, with a faster learning curve for experienced surgeons in transanal surgery and better ergonomics. Further studies are needed to assess the cost-benefit relationship.
The Lung Allocation Score and Its Relevance
Authors: Lyu Dennis M. , Goff Rebecca R. , Chan Kevin M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLung transplantation in the United States, under oversight by the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) in the 1990s, operated under a system of allocation based on location within geographic donor service areas, wait time of potential recipients, and ABO compatibility. On May 4, 2005, the lung allocation score (LAS) was implemented by the OPTN Thoracic Organ Transplantation Committee to prioritize patients on the wait list based on a balance of wait list mortality and posttransplant survival, thus eliminating time on the wait list as a factor of prioritization. Patients were categorized into four main disease categories labeled group A (obstructive lung disease), B (pulmonary hypertension), C (cystic fibrosis), and D (restrictive lung disease/interstitial lung disease) with variables within each group impacting the calculation of the LAS. Implementation of the LAS led to a decrease in the number of wait list deaths without an increase in 1-year posttransplant survival. LAS adjustments through the addition, modification or elimination of covariates to improve the estimates of patient severity of illness, have since been made in addition to establishing criteria for LAS value exceptions for pulmonary hypertension patients. Despite the success of the LAS, concerns about the prioritization, and transplantation of older, sicker individuals have made some aspects of the LAS controversial. Future changes in US lung allocation are anticipated with the current development of a continuous distribution model that incorporates the LAS, geographic distribution, and unaccounted aspects of organ allocation into an integrated score.
Pushing the Envelope for Donor Lungs
Authors: Abdelnour-Berchtold Etienne , Ali Aadil , Cypel Marcelo , Keshavjee Shaf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe shortage of organ donors remains the major limiting factor in lung transplant, with the number of patients on the waiting list largely exceeding the number of available organ donors. Another issue is the low utilization rate seen in some types of donors. Therefore, novel strategies are continuously being explored to increase the donor pool. Advanced age, smoking history, positive serologies, and size mismatch are common criteria that decrease the rate of use when it comes to organ utilization. Questioning these limitations is one of the purposes of this review. Challenging these limitations by adapting novel donor management strategies could help to increase the rate of suitable lungs for transplantation while still maintaining good outcomes. A second goal is to present the latest advances in organ donation after controlled and uncontrolled cardiac death, and also on how to improve these lungs on ex vivo platforms for assessment and future specific therapies. Finally, pushing the limit of the donor envelope also means reviewing some of the recent improvements made in lung preservation itself, as well as upcoming experimental research fields. In summary, donor lung optimization refers to a global care strategy to increase the total numbers of available allografts, and preserve or improve organ quality without paying the price of early-, mid-, or long-term negative outcomes after transplantation.
Transfer transcriptomic signatures for infectious diseases
Authors: di Iulio Julia , Bartha Istvan , Spreafico Roberto , Virgin Herbert W. , Telenti Amalio 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Human responses to infection include transcriptional changes shared across diverse pathogens. To capture these common patterns, we establish the concept of, and the method for, the identification of “transfer signatures”: sets of genes defining human immunophenotypes. We demonstrate the usefulness of transfer signatures in two use cases: the progression of latent to active tuberculosis and the severity of viral respiratory infections.
Double beta decay of 150Nd to the first 0+ excited level of 150Sm
Authors: Polischuk O G , Barabash A S , Belli P , Bernabei R , Boiko R S , Cappella F , Caracciolo V , Cerulli R , Danevich F A , Di Marco A , Incicchitti A , Kasperovych D V , Kobychev V V , Konovalov S I , Laubenstein M , Poda D V , Tretyak V I , Umatov V I 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
An experiment to measure the 2β
– decay of 150Nd to excited levels of 150Sm using a highly purified 2.381 kg sample of Nd2O3 is in progress in the low-background set-up with 4 HPGe detectors (∼225 cm3 volume each). The detector is located deep underground (3600 m w.e.) at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) of the INFN (Italy). Two γ quanta with energies 334.0 keV and 406.5 keV emitted after deexcitation of the 01
+ excited level of 150Sm have been observed in the experimental data accumulated over 39898 h. The preliminary half-life value for 2β
– decay of 150Nd to the first 0+ excited level in 150Sm (after the exposure of 10.8 kg × yr) was estimated as

T

1
/
2

=

9.7

−
1.9

+
2.9

stat
.

±
1.5

syst
.

×

10

19

yr. The experiment is under data taking with the aim to improve the statistical uncertainties.
Large-N random matrix gravity and the double hierarchy problem
Authors: Khosravi Nima 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Why are the cosmological constant, electroweak and Planck
scales so different? This “double hierarchy” problem, where
Λ ≪ M2
EW ≪ M2
p
, is one of the most pressing in
fundamental physics. We show that in a theory of N randomly
coupled massive gravitons at the electroweak scale, these scales are
linked precisely by such a double hierarchy for large N, with
intriguing cosmological consequences. Surprisingly, in all the
physical scales, only one massless graviton emerges which is also,
effectively, the only one that is coupled to matter, giving rise to
standard Einstein gravity, with Mp
2Gμν= Tμν
at
large N. In addition there is a tower of massive gravitons, the
lightest of which can drive late-time acceleration. In this
scenario, the observed empirical relation Λ Mp
2 ∼
MEW
4
as well as the double hierarchy, arise naturally since
Λ ∼ M2
EW/√(N) and M2
p ∼ √(N)MEW
2
.
Astrophysics & cosmology from line intensity mapping vs galaxy surveys
Authors: Schaan Emmanuel , White Martin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Line intensity mapping (LIM) proposes to efficiently observe distant faint galaxies and map the matter density field at high redshift.
Building upon the formalism in a companion paper,
we first highlight the degeneracies between cosmology and astrophysics in LIM.
We discuss what can be constrained from measurements of the mean intensity and redshift-space power spectra.
With a sufficient spectral resolution, the large-scale redshift-space distortions of the 2-halo term can be measured, helping to break the degeneracy between bias and mean intensity.
With a higher spectral resolution, measuring the small-scale redshift-space distortions disentangles the 1-halo and shot noise terms.
Cross-correlations with external galaxy catalogs or lensing surveys further break degeneracies.
We derive requirements for experiments similar to SPHEREx, HETDEX, CDIM, COMAP and CONCERTO.

We then revisit the question of the optimality of the LIM observables, compared to galaxy detection, for astrophysics and cosmology.
We use a matched filter to compute the luminosity detection threshold for individual sources.
We show that LIM contains information about galaxies too faint to detect, in the high-noise or high-confusion regimes.
We quantify the sparsity and clustering bias of the detected sources and compare them to LIM, showing in which cases LIM is a better tracer of the matter density.
We extend previous work by answering these questions as a function of Fourier scale, including for the first time the effect of cosmic variance, pixel-to-pixel correlations, luminosity-dependent clustering bias and redshift-space distortions.