bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of marbling as an intrinsic characteristic at the point of meat purchase–the Taguchi approach
Authors: Rajic S , Djordjevic V , Baltic T , Simunovic S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Meat quality is considered a complex concept depending on many characteristics that could be intrinsic or extrinsic. At the same time, intrinsic and extrinsic quality cues affect consumers’ purchasing decisions. The importance of each quality cue was analysed and discussed in previous literature. Thus, colour and level of marbling of fresh meat were defined as key quality cues at the point of meat purchase. These characteristics are mostly related to pork and beef. The aim of this study was to identify quality characteristics that most closely match the consumer’s preferences and at the same time could be related to quality losses. For that purpose, this paper gives a novel approach of the potential application of Taguchi loss function associated with quality characteristics and related losses for colour and level of marbling. This application can be implemented by providing a quality characteristic’s proper target values and limits, which would make the meat production process more consistent.
Tracking brucellosis–a re-emerging disease
Authors: Schaeffer J , Revilla-Fernández S , Hofer E , Djordjevic V , Lakicevic B , Indra A , Schmoll F , Allerberger F , Ruppitsch W 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Brucellosis caused by members of the genus Brucella is of major concern for animal and public health and is recognized as a re-emerging zoonotic disease. Brucellosis causes flu-like symptoms like fever, sweats, weakness, pain in muscles, joint and back, with some symptoms persisting for longer time periods. Infections occur through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products or undercooked meat, inhalation, and contact with animals. Human-to-human transmission is rare. Surveillance of this disease in animals and humans and prevention of infection risks factors are the most effective strategies to prevent brucellosis. With the progress in sequencing technologies, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has become an effective tool in surveillance, tracking of pathogens and in outbreak investigation. WGS allows identification of the source of infection and to elucidation of transmission chains, which enables authorities to implement timely and appropriate interventions.
Estimation of fat cover of bovine carcases by means of computer vision system (CVS)
Authors: Simunovic S , Rajic S , Djordjevic V , Tomovic V , Vujadinovic D , Djekic I , Tomasevic I 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aims of this study were to obtain percentages of meat and fat cover for SEUROP classification system reference images using a computer vision system (CVS) and to calculate classification intervals which could be used in the future for construction of cheap and easy to use classification devices for small slaughterhouses. Lowest percentages of fat cover were found for the first class marked as “low” (the lowest fat content) and they gradually increased to the last class marked as “very high” (the highest fat content). Based on the obtained results, decision making intervals were proposed. In the present study, classification only refers to classification of adult bovine animals based on fat cover.
Surface adsorption and survival of SARS-CoV-2 on frozen meat
Authors: Velebit B , Milojevic L , Jankovic V , Lakicevic B , Baltic T , Nikolic A , Grkovic N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The first case of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 was reported in December 2019 in China. The disease spread globally quickly, causing the 2019–2021 COVID-19 pandemic. The meat industry became concerned over the possibility of transmitting the virus in the slaughterhouse environment. The level of air exchange strongly affects the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols within the slaughterhouses. The adsorption of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the surface of the frozen meat is dictated mainly by the interplay of electrostatic forces between the virion and tissue (pH) and environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) in the vicinity of adsorption micro-location. Suppose the virus contaminates the meat surface, whereby pH is 5.5 or less. In that case, it firmly adsorbs due to bonds established by protonated amine group and a hydrogen bond between the COOH group of the viral protein and oxygen in hydroxyl groups present on meat surfaces. The meat surface, coated with a thin water film, interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 virions by establishing strong hydrogen bonds. Although there is no proof of COVID-19 contraction by food consumption, the strong surface adsorption and ability of SARS-CoV-2 to survive meat freezing indicate a potential risk of virus transmission by meat.
Seasonal overview of beef meat quality in a small-scale slaughterhouse
Authors: Vicic I , Petrovic M , Stajkovic S , Cobanović N , Karabasil N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between blood parameters related to animal welfare and defined beef meat quality characteristics during winter and summer seasons in one small-scale slaughterhouse. At exsanguination, blood samples were collected, and serum concentrations for total proteins (TP), albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. After 24 h of chilling, ultimate pH was measured and meat samples were used for drip loss and cooking loss determination. Dehydration was not observed during seasons, while elevated concentrations of TP accompanied by higher CRP values pointed to summer as a more stressful season. Analysing the meat quality parameters, it was observed that during the two seasons, ultimate pH values were in the range for normal meat acidification, but values for drip and cooking loss were significantly increased during the summer season. In conclusion, CRP could be used as potential biomarker for beef meat quality estimation, in the first instance drip loss and ultimate pH.
Engineering liver microtissues to study the fusion of HepG2 with mesenchymal stem cells and invasive potential of fused cells
Authors: Lee Junmin , Ung Aly , Kim Hanjun , Lee KangJu , Cho Hyun-Jong , Bandaru Praveen , Ahadian Samad , Dokmeci Mehmet R , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Increasing evidence from cancer cell fusion with different cell types in the tumor microenvironment has suggested a probable mechanism for how metastasis-initiating cells could be generated in tumors. Although human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been known as promising candidates to create hybrid cells with cancer cells, the role of hMSCs in fusion with cancer cells is still controversial. Here, we fabricated a liver-on-a-chip platform to monitor the fusion of liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) with hMSCs and study their invasive potential. We demonstrated that hMSCs might play dual roles in HepG2 spheroids. The analysis of tumor growth with different fractions of hMSCs in HepG2 spheroids revealed hMSCs’ role in preventing HepG2 growth and proliferation, while the hMSCs presented in the HepG2 spheroids led to the generation of HepG2-hMSC hybrid cells with much higher invasiveness compared to HepG2. These invasive HepG2-hMSC hybrid cells expressed high levels of markers associated with stemness, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and matrix deposition, which corresponded to the expression of these markers for hMSCs escaping from hMSC spheroids. In addition, these fused cells were responsible for collective invasion following HepG2 by depositing Collagen I and Fibronectin in their surrounding microenvironment. Furthermore, we showed that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could also be fused with HepG2, and the HepG2-HSC hybrid cells possessed similar features to those from HepG2-hMSC fusion. This fusion of HepG2 with liver-resident HSCs may propose a new potential mechanism of hepatic cancer metastasis.
Spinning process optimization and microstructure of stainless-steel welded pipe
Authors: Liu Fengde , Zhang Qiushi , Fang Chaofu , Liu Jiaming , Ning Kai , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Defects, such as cracks, typically occur in the spinning process of ternary catalyst shells. This study investigates the optimization of spinning process parameters to prevent such defects. In this regard, an orthogonal simulation was performed using a finite element model of the spinning process of a ternary catalyst shell. Moreover, spinning tests using a 439 stainless steel welded pipe were conducted to verify the simulation results. Thus, the microstructure, hardness, and quality of formed parts are analyzed. The simulation and test results showed that when the spinning temperature is 1000 °C, the roller fillet radius, roller speed, and feed ratio are 5 mm, 40 r s−1, and 1.2 mm r−1, respectively. In addition, the error rates of the forming thickness, port diameter, and roundness error are 1.37%, 1.25%, and 4.8%, respectively. These results verified the accuracy of the simulation. Furthermore, no defects were generated during spinning, and the spinning quality was high. The feed ratio was the main factor affecting the roundness error, followed by the roller speed. As deformation increased, hardness increased, and the crystal size decreased. The results of this study can provide crucial theoretical guidance for practical spinning applications.
Dynamics and instabilities of the free boundary of a two-dimensional dry active nematic aggregate
Authors: Lin Li-Shing , Chen Hsuan-Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of a two-dimensional aggregate of active rod-shaped particles in the nematic phase with a free boundary is considered theoretically. The aggregate is in contact with a hard boundary at y = 0, a free boundary at y = H(x, t), and in the x-direction the aggregate is of infinite extension. By assuming fast relaxation of the director field, we find instabilities driven by the coupling between the deformation of the free boundary and the active stress in parameter regimes where bulk systems are stable. For a contractile aggregate, when the particles are aligned parallel to the boundaries, the system is unstable in the long wavelengths at any strength of contractility for any H, and the critical wavelength increases as H increases; when the particles are aligned perpendicular to the boundaries, the system acquires a finite-wavelength instability at a critical active stress whose strength decreases as H increases. The behavior for an aggregate with steady-state particle density ρ

s
, strength of active stress χ, bulk modulus ρ

s

β, and particles aligned perpendicular to the boundaries can be mapped to one with active stress strength − χ, bulk modulus ρ

s
(β − χ), and particles aligned parallel to the boundaries. The stability of an extensile aggregate can be obtained from the analysis for contractile aggregates through this mapping as well, even though the corresponding physical mechanisms for the instabilities are different. In the limit H → ∞ , the free boundary is unstable for any contractile or extensile systems in the long-wavelength limit.
Statistical and machine learning methods applied to the prediction of different tropical rainfall types
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Wong Raymond K W , Jun Mikyoung , Schumacher Courtney , Saravanan R , Sun Chunmei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Predicting rain from large-scale environmental variables remains a challenging problem for climate models and it is unclear how well numerical methods can predict the true characteristics of rainfall without smaller (storm) scale information. This study explores the ability of three statistical and machine learning methods to predict 3-hourly rain occurrence and intensity at 0.5° resolution over the tropical Pacific Ocean using rain observations the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite radar and large-scale environmental profiles of temperature and moisture from the MERRA-2 reanalysis. We also separated the rain into different types (deep convective, stratiform, and shallow convective) because of their varying kinematic and thermodynamic structures that might respond to the large-scale environment in different ways. Our expectation was that the popular machine learning methods (i.e., the neural network and random forest) would outperform a standard statistical method (a generalized linear model) because of their more flexible structures, especially in predicting the highly skewed distribution of rain rates for each rain type. However, none of the methods obviously distinguish themselves from one another and each method still has issues with predicting rain too often and not fully capturing the high end of the rain rate distributions, both of which are common problems in climate models. One implication of this study is that machine learning tools must be carefully assessed and are not necessarily applicable to solving all big data problems. Another implication is that traditional climate model approaches are not sufficient to predict extreme rain events and that other avenues need to be pursued.
The paradoxes experienced by informal caregivers of people with dementia during the transition from home to a nursing home
Authors: Groenvynck Lindsay , de Boer Bram , Beaulen Audrey , de Vries Erica , Hamers Jan P H , van Achterberg Theo , van Rossum Erik , Khemai Chandni , Meijers Judith M M , Verbeek Hilde 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The transition from home to a nursing home is a common care process experienced by older persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. This transition process is often experienced as fragmented and is paired with negative outcomes for both older persons (e.g. mortality) and informal caregivers (e.g. grief). Due to the central role that informal caregivers play, it is crucial to capture their experiences throughout all phases of the transition.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was conducted using an interpretative phenomenological design. A total of 24 informal caregivers of older persons with dementia, moving to a nursing home, participated in in-depth interviews. Data were collected between February 2018 and July 2018 in the Netherlands. Data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results
The transition experiences are characterised by three paradoxes: (i) contradicting emotions during the transition process; (ii) the need for a timely transition versus the need to postpone the transition process and (iii) the need for involvement versus the need for distance. All paradoxes are influenced by the healthcare system.

Conclusions
The identified paradoxes show the impact of the healthcare system and the importance of timely planning/preparing for this transition on the experiences of informal caregivers. In addition, it provides healthcare professionals insight into the thought processes of informal caregivers. Future research can use these paradoxes as a foundation to develop innovations aiming to improve the transition process from home to a nursing home for informal caregivers and, consequently, older persons.
Biafras of the Mind: French Postcolonial Humanitarianism in Global Conceptual History
Authors: Heerten Lasse 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After a long period of neglect, historians have rediscovered the humanitarian crisis in the famine-ridden secessionist Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70). The recent historiography is spurred by the growing interest in the histories of human rights and humanitarianism. While critical of narratives about the Biafran crisis as a “myth of origins” of Doctors Without Borders, the historiography of Biafra, particularly on the French case, remains calibrated to this perspective: “doing history backwards,” it projects a genealogy of the humanitarianism of the present into the past. To provide a different reading, this article proposes to historicize the Biafran moment more thoroughly through an expanded form of global conceptual history that combines textual and visual analysis with a focus on multiple temporalities. As the article aims to show, such a “history in the plural” based on the work of German conceptual historian Reinhart Koselleck is particularly promising for dealing with the complex temporalities that global historical research requires. Global conceptual history can help historians move beyond stories of the origins of “our present” and at the same time develop a better understanding of the contemporary era’s specific conditions.
Using Negative Control Outcomes and Difference-in-Differences Analysis to Estimate Treatment Effects in an Entirely Treated Cohort: The Effect of Ivacaftor in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Newsome Simon J , Daniel Rhian M , Carr Siobhán B , Bilton Diana , Keogh Ruth H 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
When an entire cohort of patients receives a treatment, it is difficult to estimate the treatment effect in the treated because there are no directly comparable untreated patients. Attempts can be made to find a suitable control group (e.g., historical controls), but underlying differences between the treated and untreated can result in bias. Here we show how negative control outcomes combined with difference-in-differences analysis can be used to assess bias in treatment effect estimates and obtain unbiased estimates under certain assumptions. Causal diagrams and potential outcomes are used to explain the methods and assumptions. We apply the methods to UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry data to investigate the effect of ivacaftor, introduced in 2012 for a subset of the cystic fibrosis population with a particular genotype, on lung function and annual rate (days/year) of receiving intravenous (IV) antibiotics (i.e., IV days). We consider 2 negative control outcomes: outcomes measured in the pre-ivacaftor period and outcomes among persons ineligible for ivacaftor because of their genotype. Ivacaftor was found to improve lung function in year 1 (an approximately 6.5–percentage-point increase in ppFEV1), was associated with reduced lung function decline (an approximately 0.5–percentage-point decrease in annual ppFEV1 decline, though confidence intervals included 0), and reduced the annual rate of IV days (approximately 60% over 3 years).
Mian: interactive web-based microbiome data table visualization and machine learning platform
Authors: Jin Boyang Tom , Xu Feng , Ng Raymond T , Hogg James C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Summary
Mian is a web application to interactively visualize, run statistical tools and train machine learning models on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) or amplicon sequence variant (ASV) datasets to identify key taxonomic groups, diversity trends or taxonomic composition shifts in the context of provided categorical or numerical sample metadata. Tools, including Fisher’s exact test, Boruta feature selection, alpha and beta diversity, and random forest and deep neural network classifiers, facilitate open-ended data exploration and hypothesis generation on microbial datasets.

Availability
Mian is freely available at: miandata.org. Mian is an open-source platform licensed under the MIT license with source code available at github.com/tbj128/mian.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Explainable multimodal machine learning model for classifying pregnancy drug safety
Authors: Shtar Guy , Rokach Lior , Shapira Bracha , Kohn Elkana , Berkovitch Matitiahu , Berlin Maya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Teratogenic drugs can cause severe fetal malformation and therefore have critical impact on the health of the fetus, yet the teratogenic risks are unknown for most approved drugs. This article proposes an explainable machine learning model for classifying pregnancy drug safety based on multimodal data and suggests an orthogonal ensemble for modeling multimodal data. To train the proposed model, we created a set of labeled drugs by processing over 100 000 textual responses collected by a large teratology information service. Structured textual information is incorporated into the model by applying clustering analysis to textual features.

Results
We report an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.891 using cross-validation and an AUC of 0.904 for cross-expert validation. Our findings suggest the safety of two drugs during pregnancy, Varenicline and Mebeverine, and suggest that Meloxicam, an NSAID, is of higher risk; according to existing data, the safety of these three drugs during pregnancy is unknown. We also present a web-based application that enables physicians to examine a specific drug and its risk factors.

Availability and implementation
The code and data is available from https://github.com/goolig/drug_safety_pregnancy_prediction.git.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Weird Horizons and the Mysticism of the Unhuman in Jeff VanderMeer’s Southern Reach Trilogy
Authors: Newson-Errey Georgie 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article argues that the New Weird Fiction of Jeff VanderMeer is highly attuned to the difficulty of processing and representing extreme alterity. Its particular focus is his Southern Reach trilogy and the forms of weird encounter it describes. The article proposes a ‘mysticism of the unhuman’, and explains why it pertains to the encounters depicted in VanderMeer’s texts. It explores the instances of mystical annihilation that feature in the trilogy, an analysis that evolves into a discussion of the relationship between mysticism and horror. This leads into a discussion of linguistic representation, suggesting that approaches by philosophers of language and natural theologians to certain paradoxes surrounding ineffability can illuminate aspects of VanderMeer’s mythos. Although aspects of VanderMeer’s ‘Area X’ may escape human language and cognition, it is nevertheless able to convey information about itself. In exploring how this transmission occurs, the article turns to the notion of recognition, circling back to earlier discussions by asking whether an annihilation of alterity is required for linguistically incompatible beings to recognise one another. The article concludes that VanderMeer answers this question affirmatively, but that his stance is not necessarily pessimistic with regard to the possibility of establishing recognition between human and unhuman inhabitants of Earth.
Mapping Interventions: Toward a Decolonial and Indigenous Praxis across Communication Subfields
Authors: Na’puti Tiara R , Cruz Joëlle M 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngaging organizational communication and rhetorical studies subfields, we develop a case for decolonial and Indigenous approaches that offer texture and depth. In the process, we flip the existing topographic “map” of the field and shift Eurocentric canons undergirding cultural and critical Communication Studies. Drawing on vignettes from our fieldworks, we argue for a decolonial critical intervention to affirm marginalized voices, experiences, and theories. Our focus demonstrates how Indigenous methods and decolonial theories advance more responsible engagements with Indigenous epistemologies. Providing a theoretical challenge to the occlusion of indigeneity, we offer a conceptual praxis-oriented mode of theory building that engages communities toward creating Indigenous Communication futures.