bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Inflammatory Events of Mastitis - A Pilot Study With the Isolated Perfused Bovine Udder
Authors: Brand Kathrin Susanne , Filor Viviane , Bäumer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Bovine mastitis is an important health and cost factor in the milk industry. To elucidate whether isolated perfused bovine udders can be used to study early inflammatory events of mastitis, 1 mg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was instilled into quarters of 10 isolated perfused bovine udders. Three hours and 6 hours after LPS instillation, tissue samples were taken from the gland cistern and base of the udder, subsequently stored in RNAlater and processed for the determination of inflammation-dependent gene regulation by real-time RT-qPCR. Gene expression analysis was performed using delta-delta Ct method. To translate mRNA results to protein, IL-1ß and IL-6 were determined in tissue homogenate by ELISAResults: The instillation of 1 mg LPS lead to an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines like TNF-α, CCL20, CXCL8 as well as of IL-1 ß , IL-6 and IL-10, lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) and S100A9. However, the degree of elevation differed slightly between gland cistern and udder base and markedly between 3 hours and 6 hours after instillation, with a distinct increase in mediator expression after 6 hours. IL-1β protein increased in a time-dependent manner, whereas IL-6 was unchanged within 6 hours of LPS instillation.Conclusion: Compared to in vivo studies with instillation of LPS into udders of living cows, a similar inflammation-dependent gene regulation profile can be mimicked in the isolated perfused bovine udder, indicating a supplementation of animal experiments.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B &amp; Hepatitis C Virus Infections in Potential Blood Donors in Bahawalpur
Authors: Shamim Tahira , Sumreen Laila 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis is commonly transmitted during blood transfusion. The study aimed to find the prevalence of hepatitis B & C among blood donors in Bahawalpur and try to find relation of prevalence with socio-demographic variables. The study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur (BVH). The data was collected by trained nurses working in blood bank in supervision of investigator through a structured record review check list developed by investigator in English. The investigator checked data for completeness and cross check from registers. The collected data had been coded before analysis. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B & C virus in the study population and its distribution categorized by independent variables i.e. age, gender, marital status, residence and education status of blood donor. The results of study indicated that both Hepatitis B & C are prevalent among 20 – 23 years old persons, males, uneducated people, married and people residing in rural areas of Bahawalpur visiting blood bank of Bahwal Victoria Hospital (BVH) Bahawalpur. So, by providing education to uneducated population and teaching sanitation and careful measures for avoiding hepatitis to married and people residing in rural areas could be a helpful tool in decreasing and controlling hepatitis in this area.
Serum Zinc Levels and in Vivo Beta-Amyloid Deposition in the Human Brain
Authors: Kim Jee Wook , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Min Jung , Jung Gijung , Lee Jun-Young , Kang Koung Mi , Sohn Chul-Ho , Lee Yun-Sang , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Dong Young 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Despite the known associations between zinc levels and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and related cognitive impairment, the underlying neuropathological links remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that serum zinc level is associated with cerebral beta-amyloid protein (Ab) deposition. Additionally, we explored associations between serum zinc levels and other AD pathologies [i.e., tau deposition and AD-signature cerebral glucose metabolism (AD-CM)] and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), which are measures of cerebrovascular injury. Methods: A total of 241 cognitively normal older adults between 55 and 90 years of age were enrolled. All the participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, serum zinc level measurement, and multimodal brain imaging, including Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PET), AV-1451 PET, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Zinc levels were stratified into three categories: < 80 µg/dL (low), 80 to 90 µg/dL (medium), and > 90 µg/dL (high). Results: A low serum zinc level was significantly associated with increased Ab retention. In addition, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) status moderated the association: the relationship between low zinc level and Ab retention was significant only in APOE4 carriers. Although a low zinc level appeared to reduce AD-CM, the relationship became insignificant on sensitivity analysis including only individuals with no nutritional deficiency. The serum zinc level was associated with neither tau deposition nor the WMH volume. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that decreased serum zinc levels are associated with elevation of brain amyloid deposition. In terms of AD prevention, more attention needs to be paid to the role of zinc.
Analysis of Latent Classes and Factors Affecting them According to the Implementation of a Protection System Against Customer Bullying in Korea
Authors: Beak Eun-Mi , Choi Eun-Hi , Jung Hye-Sun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Instances of customers bullying employees at the workplace are increasing with the development of the service industry. Korea has established a worker protection system to prevent negative effects of customer bullying on workers’ health. This study identified the latent profile types of protection against customer bullying in workplaces, and determined their predictors.Methods: Data were collected over 28 days, from March 2 to 30, 2020. This study identified whether protection against customer bullying is implemented for workers in person-to-person services, the change effected by this protection, and worker monitoring scope. Data from 1,537 out of 1,550 participants were analyzed, excluding the missing values. Latent classes were identified using Mplus 8.5 for data analysis, and the multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to review the predictors.Results: The results are as follows. There were four types of latent classes: the lagging type, the medium type, the preventive type, and the excellent type. Variables predicting these types included age, gender, service period, position, occupational category, worker monitoring scope, decrease in the number of customers causing problems, decrease in disputes with customers, and worker satisfaction. Conclusions: First, a system to prevent customer bullying must be adopted in the service industry. Second, there must be a way to improve trust between customers and workers when protective measures are being adopted. Third, managers must establish a system that can both protect workers against bullying and provide customer satisfaction.
A Multiplicity of Environmental, Economic and Social Factor Analyses to Understand COVID-19 Diffusion
Authors: Qiu Juan , Li Rendong , Han Dongfeng , Shao Qihui , Han Yifei , Luo Xiyue , Wu Yanlin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Research on the impact of the environment on COVID-19 lacks a full-comprehensive perspective, and neglecting the multiplicity of the human-environment system can lead to misleading conclusions. We attempted to reveal all environmental-to-human and human-to-human determinants that influence the transmission of COVID-19.Methods: We estimated the daily case incidence ratios (CIR) of COVID-19 for prefectures across mainland China, and used a mixed-effects mixed-distribution model to study the association between the CIR and 114 considered factors related to climate, atmospheric environmental quality, terrain, population, economic, human mobility as well as public health control measures (PHCMs). Results: CO, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were positively linked with CIR, but the effect of NO2 was negative. The temperature had no significant association with CIR, and the daily minimum humidity was a significant negatively predictor. National emergency response level was negatively associated with CIR until with a lag of 15 days. Higher accumulated destination migration scale flow from the epicenter and lower distance to the epicenter (DisWH) were associated with a higher CIR, however, the interaction between DisWH and the time was positive. In China, the more economically developed and more densely populated cities have a higher probability of CIR occurrence, but they may not have a higher CIR intensity.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic’s diffusion patterns are caused by a multiplicity of environmental, economic, social factors as well as public health control measures PHCMs. First, multiple pollutants carried simultaneously on particulate matter act in a synergistic way to affect COVID-19 transmission. Second, the temperature has a limited impact on the spread of the epidemic. Third, PHCMs must last for at least 15 days or longer before the effect has been apparent. Fourth, preventing the introduction of the epidemic between cities seemed to be more complex and difficult than controlling the growth of the epidemic within the city. China's relatively cautious response to the epidemic could provide lessons for countries that are still experiencing a health emergency and help to prevent future pandemics similar to COVID -19.
Exploring Professionalism Among Final Year Dental Students and New Graduates: Translating Knowledge To Practice
Authors: Khalaf Khaled , El-Kishawi Mohamed , Kawas Sausan Al 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Professional competencies are integral part of the competent dental graduate that include professional attitude and behaviour, ethics and communication skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate senior students’ and dental graduates' perception of professionalism as defined by international regulatory bodies and to assess students’ ability to apply such knowledge in clinical-based scenarios mimicking their daily clinical practice.
Methods

Knowledge of professional competencies was conducted using a survey based on domains of professionalism for a newly qualified general dental practitioner as defined by international regulatory bodies. This survey consists of 32 items addressing participants’ perception of three domains of professionalism. Application of the perceived professional competencies was tested by asking participants to answer questions following the observation of a clinical-based scenario video where participants needed to identify issues related to professional, ethical and communication skills which were embedded in the scenarios.
Results

Data from 146 participants showed no significant differences in the survey scores between the participants’ professional levels, place of practice, age groups and genders. Analyses of correlation between the different domains of professionalism showed significant relationships between pair-wise comparisons of the total domain scores. Paired t-tests revealed that the mean score percentage for each of the three domains of professionalism was significantly higher than the responses reported in the relevant clinical-based scenario questions.
Conclusions

This indicates that all aspects of professionalism are inter-related and the three domains contributed in a similar way to the overall assessment of professionalism. Furthermore, our findings show that dental practitioners may not be able to apply their knowledge of professionalism in real-life scenarios. This suggests that teaching professionalism at the early stages of the dental curriculum should incorporate innovative approaches to mimic real-life scenarios and should be reinforced throughout clinical practice at the later stages of the curriculum.
Feasibility Study of Deep Learning Based Radiation Sensitivity Prediction Model Using Gene Expression Profiling
Authors: Kim Euidam , Chung Yoonsun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Since radiation sensitivity prediction can be used in various field, we investigate the feasibility of an in vitro radiation sensitivity prediction model using a deep neural network. A microarray of the National Cancer Institute-60 tumor cell lines and clonogenic surviving fraction at an absorbed dose of 2 Gy values are used to predict radiation sensitivity. The prediction model is based on convolutional neural network and 6-fold cross-validation approach is applied to validate the model. Of the 174 samples, 170 (97.7%) samples show less than 10% and 4 (2.30%) show more than 10% of relative error, respectively. Through an additional validation, model accurately predict 172 out of 174 samples, representing a prediction accuracy of 98.85% under the criteria of absolute error < 0.01 or the relative error < 10%. This results demonstrate that in vitro radiation sensitivity prediction from gene expression can be carried out with the deep learning technology.
Ultrafast Bulk Degradation of Polylactic Acid by Artificially Cultured Diatom Frustules
Authors: Li Tao , Sun Haoyang , Han He , Zhang Chentao , Li Bin , Huang Jintao , Sun Dazhi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In the field of governing our “Plastic Planet”, polylactic acid (PLA) has been considered to be a promising and ecologically friendlier alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. However, PLA-based products degrade slowly in the natural environment, likely resulting in a large accumulation of PLA waste worldwide in the near future. Herein, we have incorporated artificially cultured diatom frustules (DFs) into PLA, and found an improvement of more than eightfold on the degradation rate, from more than 24 months to 3 months or even less, as compared with the pure PLA. Mechanistic investigations illustrate that DFs change the degradation behavior of PLA from surface erosion to bulk erosion by the induced microfibril crystals. Simulation analysis verifies that the unstable crack propagation inside the PLA matrix greatly accelerates the degradation. The method developed in this work provides an efficient way to achieve rapid and controllable degradation of biodegradable polymers for the urgent and widespread usage of green plastic productions.
Fine-Mapping And Identification of A Candidate Gene Controlling Seed Coat Color In Melon (Cucumis Melo L. Var. Chinensis Pangalo)
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Shi Xueyin , Chen Xuemiao , Zheng Jing , Zhang Aiai , Fu Qiushi , Wang Huaisong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Seed coat color is related to flavonoid content which is closely related to seed dormancy. According to the genetic analysis of a six-generation population derived from two parents (IC2508 with a yellow seed coat and IC2518 with a brown seed coat), we discovered that the yellow seed coat trait in melon was controlled by a single dominant gene, named CmBS-1. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq) revealed that the gene was located at 11,860,000–15,890,000 bp (4.03 Mb) on Chr 6. The F2 population was genotyped using insertion-deletions (InDels), from which cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) markers were derived to construct a genetic map. The gene was then fine-mapped to a 233.98 kb region containing 12 genes. Based on gene sequence analysis with two parents, we found that the MELO3C019554 gene encoding a homeobox protein (PHD transcription factor) had a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the coding sequence (CDS), and the SNP mutation resulted in the conversion of an amino acid (A→T) at residue 534. In addition, MELO3C019554 exhibited lower relative expression levels in the yellow seed coat than in the brown seed coat. Furthermore, we found that MELO3C019554 was related to 12 flavonoid metabolites. Thus, we predicted that MELO3C019554 is a candidate gene controlling seed coat color in melon. The study lays a foundation for further cloning projects and functional analysis of this gene, as well as marker-assisted selection breeding.
Modernising the Dynamometer for Grip Assessment: Comparison between GripAble and Jamar
Authors: Mutalib Sharah Abdul , Mace Michael , Seager Chloe , Burdet Etienne , Mathiowetz Virgil , Goldsmith Nicola 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Maximal grip strength (MGS) is a reliable biomarker of overall health and physiological well-being. Therefore, an accurate and reliable measurement device is vital for ensuring the validity of the MGS assessment. This paper presents GripAble, a mobile handgrip device for the assessment of MGS. GripAble’s performance was evaluated using an inter-instrument reliability test against the widely used Jamar PLUS+ dynamometer. Methods: The MGS data from sixty-three participants (N = 63) measured using GripAble and Jamar PLUS+ were collected and compared. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was performed to evaluate the inter-device reliability between GripAble and Jamar PLUS+. The influence of gender and hand on MGS were also analysed. Results: GripAble demonstrates good-to-excellent inter-instrument reliability to the Jamar PLUS+ (ICC 3,1 =0.906). There were significant differences in the mean MGS between GripAble and Jamar PLUS+ (p <0.001 for both). GripAble’s measurement output is equivalent to 69% ([68-71]%) of Jamar PLUS+’s measurement output. The average difference in mean MGS between the two devices was 10.84 ± 4.18 kg ([4.77-18.54] kg), which increases with higher MGS. There were also significant differences in MGS between male and female and between right and left hands measured using GripAble and Jamar PLUS+ (p <0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusion: GripAble has good-to-excellent inter-device reliability with Jamar PLUS+, suggesting that it can be used clinically as a dynamometer whilst also providing additional functionalities, such as remote assessment, objective evaluation of compliance to standard protocol and assessing multiple facets of grip strength beyond the standard single maximum grip test. Normative MGS data using GripAble should be collected and integrated into the software for immediate comparison. Further studies, including test-retest and inter-rater reliability of using GripAble, are discussed. 1 www.gripable.co BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders-GripAble vs Jamar v1.0 15/07/2021
Phase Behavior of Selected Condensed Double-Decker Shaped Silsesquioxane Compounds
Authors: Vogelsang David F. , Maleczka Robert E. , Lee Andre 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bisfunctional dichlorosilanes were reacted with tetrasilanol of double-decker shaped octaphenylsilsesquioxane (DDSQ) to form fully condensed DDSQ compounds. The crystallographic and thermal characteristics of these compounds were examined. For compounds capped with dichlorosilanes bearing linear aliphatic moieties, as the number of carbon increases from methyl to n-butyl (from 1 to 4) the melting temperature, Tm, dropped from 546 K to 416 K. While for compounds capped with cycloaliphatic, as the moiety changes from cyclopentyl to cyclohexyl, the value of Tm increases from 533 K to 555 K. Surprising, the highest Tm observed was that when capping was done using diisopropyl dichlorosilane. A Tm of around 565 K was observed, which was even higher as compare to diphenyl dichlorosilane capped DDSQ, which had Tm of about 526 K. Phase behavior of binary and ternary mixtures of these condensed DDSQ was also investigated. To our surprise, mixtures of these compounds form eutectic. The eutectic points were calculated based on ideal binary and ternary eutectic from the thermal properties of pure components. Depending on the crystallography, experimental observations of eutectic match well with calculated values.
Numerical Simulation and Industrial Application of High Speed Tandem TIG Welding
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Huang Jiuling , Liang Kong , Hua Xueming , Wang Min , Li Hua , Liu Shoutian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Self-developed high speed tandem TIG welding equipment were adopted to manufacture titanium welded tubes with high efficiency and high quality. The joint made by this high efficient welding process met Chinese standard requirements. A coupled electrode, arc and weld pool numerical model was also developed to investigate temperature and velocity distributions, and energy propagation of this welding process. The numerical results showed that the Marangoni stress was much higher than the arc shear stress, and was mainly positive after leading and trailing arcs in the x and y directions, so the molten metal flowed backward on the top weld pool surface. Previous studies proposed that a “pull-push” flow pattern defined as a backward molten metal flow after the leading arc and a forward molten metal flow before the trailing arc existed on the top weld pool surface in tandem arc welding processes, while it was not observed in this case. The calculated arc efficiency of the high speed tandem TIG welding was about 79.8%.
Design of a system for controlling a levitating sphere in superfluid 3He at extremely low temperatures
Authors: Arrayás Manuel , Trueba José L. , Uriarte Carlos , Zmeev Dmitry E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We present a new mechanical probe to study the properties of superfluid 3 He at microkelvin temperatures down to 100µK. The setup consists of a set of coils for levitating a superconducting sphere and controlling its motion in a wide variety of regimes. In particular, the realisation of motion of a levitating body at a uniform velocity presents both an experimental challenge and a promising direction into the study of the edge states in topological superfluid 3 He-B. We include the theoretical study of the device stability and simulations to illustrate the capabilities of the control system.
Microfluidic as Liquid Lens for THz Reconfigurable Antenna and Gain Enhancement With Sensing Application
Authors: Ebrahimi Sepideh 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
the lens plays important role in the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for increasing the bandwidth and directivity. Also, the liquids like water and ethanol can be noticed for developing the DRA for THz application. In addition, the liquids are interesting because the level and quality of material can be used for designing reconfigurable antenna. For the THz spectrum, the liquids can be combined with antenna and microwave devices by Microfluidic technology. In this paper, the suggested antenna is used to enhance the various factors of the antenna and the filling ratio of the channels is noticed to provide reconfigurable antenna. The slot antenna with split ring resonator and meandered feed is used as the basic antenna to provide high Q-factor. Moreover, the results show that this novel structure can be used as sensor for material detecting which is used to recognize various types of liquids by determining the sensitivity of the sensor in the range of 0.5 to 1 THz. The proposed sensor is examined for pure water, ethanol and gasoline based on the 2nd order model of Debye.