bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the anticoagulant powers of the aqueous macerate, ethanolic macerate and aqueous decoction of the leaves of Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. (Annonaceae)
Authors: Bamba Bourahima , Benie Comoé Koffi Donatien , Doukourou Dahiro Noél , Wacoubo Brice Herman , Tape Doris Leslie , Dasse Sery Romuald , Ouattara Karamoko 
Published: May 2021

Data on the anticoagulant power of Uvaria chamae, a plant used in traditional medicine, remain unknown despite its many therapeutic and biological virtues. The present study aimed to compare the anticoagulant effects of aqueous macerate, ethanolic macerate and aqueous decoction of U. chamae leaves. The anticoagulant activity of macerated and decocted U. chamae was evaluated in vitro against endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways in a pool of displaced normal plasmas. These two pathways are explored using two global and chronometric tests including Cephalin-Kaolin Time (TCK) and Prothrombin Time (TQ). The results obtained revealed that the incubation time of U. chamae macerates and decoctions with plasma significantly influences their anticoagulant power. This evaluation showed that these macerated and decocted products exerted anticoagulant power at concentrations dependent on these two coagulation pathways. This anticoagulant power at the level of the aqueous decocted was more significant (P ˂ 0.001) on these two coagulation pathways but it was more marked on the endogenous pathway than on the exogenous pathway. This anticoagulant power at the level of the aqueous decocted was more significant (P ˂ 0.001) on these two coagulation pathways but it was more marked on the endogenous pathway than on the exogenous pathway. This Ivorian plant could thus be considered as a natural source of anticoagulant agents for medicinal purposes.
Keywords: Uvaria chamae, Anticoagulant, Aqueous macerate, Ethanolic macerate, Aqueous decocted
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of the Fruits of Solanum torvum (Swartz) (Solanaceae) Use as Vegetable in Togo
Authors: MELILA MAMATCHI , ETSE Djidjole Kodjo , SIKA Firmain , AWILI Tètouwalla , KANABIYA Essodjolon , AMEGAH Laurance Adjo , MADJALANI Hèzouwè , NOVIDZRO Mawuéna Kosi , BAKOMA Batomayena 
Published: May 2021

The fruits of Solanum torvum (Swartz), a vegetable-fruit, are used in traditional medicine in Togo in the treatment of infectious diseases and as an anti-anemic. This study then focused on the antimicrobial activity assessment of the hydroethanolic extract of these fruits in the interest of contributing to the valorization of this Togolese flora’s species. A hydroethanolic extraction (50 % - 50 %: v/v) was performed followed by preliminary phytochemical tests. Antimicrobial activity was determined on fourteen bacterial strains using the agar diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing compounds, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, saponins, total carbohydrates and free quinones. The extract was active on the reference strains of S. aureus, E. coli, S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. However, this activity was only observed on clinical strains of S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The extract showed MICs of 25 and 50 mg/ml and BMCs of 50 and 100 mg/ml respectively for S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The MBC/MIC ratio for these two strains was 2. These fruits would then have bacteriostatic activity on S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial properties of the extract on these germs could justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain bacterial infections.
Keywords: Solanum torvum, fruits, phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial activity
Mucoadhesive Microspheres: A Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Raj Hans , Sharma Ankita , Sharma Shagun , Verma Kapil Kumar , Chaudhary Amit 
Published: May 2021

Carrier technology is a novel and groundbreaking drug delivery system. Microspheres transmit the drug by affixing it to carrier particle-like Microspheres, Nanoparticles and Liposomes due to their smaller size and other useful properties. Mucoadhesive Microspheres are an integral component of this multi-particle drug delivery system and play an important function in the delivery of a novel drug. This drug delivery improves the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Mucoadhesive microspheres have a longer duration of residence at the absorption site, which leads to the accuracy of the drug targeting at the absorption site and improves the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Mucoadhesive microspheres are formed by either systemic or local effects in gastrointestinal, oral, vaginal, nasal, rectal, ocular delivery. This is the ideal targeting device which could be done in a variety of ways.
Keywords: Microspheres, Bioadhesion, Polymer, Bioavailability
A Review of the Pharmacological Characteristics of Vanillic Acid
Authors: Ingole Ashwini , Kadam Megha P , Dalu Aishwarya P. , Kute Shital M , Mange Piyusha R , Theng Vaishali D , Lahane Om R , Nikas Aniket P , Kawal Yash V , Nagrik Shatrughna U. , Patil Prashant A. 
Published: May 2021

A dihydroxybenzoic acid analog used as a flavoring agent is vanillic acid (4hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid). It's a form of vanillin that has been oxidized. It's also a step in the process of making vanillin from Ferulic Acid. Vanillic acid has seen a lot of press because of its many uses in the cosmetics, fruit, flavorings, cigarettes,alcohols, drinks, and polymer sectors. It's said to have effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The pharmacological impact on oxidative stress-induced neuro-degeneration, on the other hand, have not been thoroughly examined. The pharmacological properties of vanillic Acid lead to its possible use in the treatment of various diseases.
Keywords: Vanillic acid, Pharmacological Potential, wound healing, Antioxidants
[DBN][HSO4]-Promoted facile and green synthesis of 2-Amino-4H-pyrans derivatives under microwave irradiation
Authors: Mane Vishal , Mane Dhanjay 
Published: May 2021

The [DBN][HSO4] -promoted Knoevenagel condensation followed by cyclization protocol has been developed for the first time by a successive reaction of aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile to afford 2-Amino-4H-pyrans derivatives in high to excellent yields at room temperature. The synergic couple of microwave and ionic liquid provided the capability to allow a variability of functional groups, short reaction times, easy workup, high yields, recyclability of the catalyst, and solvent-free conditions, thus providing economic and environmental advantages.
Keywords: [DBN][HSO4], Environmentally benign, 2-Amino-4H-pyrans, Knoevenagel condensation, Microwave irradiation
Distopia, angústia de aniquilamento e a radical poética das relações
Authors: Kiffer Ana Paula Veiga , Patricio Fernandes Mariana 
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo pensa a distopia sob a égide da angústia de aniquilamento (Mbembe, 2016), e busca refletir como tal noção desafia o surgimento de poéticas da relação (Glissant, 1990) como modo de criação dos espaços literário (Blanchot, 1955), utópico e heterotópico (Foucault, 2009) em sociedades cujo passado colonial, e as incursões de cunho autoritário, perpetraram-se ao longo de séculos, como é o caso da sociedade brasileira. A hipótese primordial é a de que, nesses contextos, os espaços de distopia se estabelecem como o início, e não como o fim de tudo, vindo a ser um dos operadores fundacionais de um lugar (utópico ou heterotópico?) inventado pelo outro, o colonizador. A angústia de aniquilamento é a ferramenta primordial para a construção desse lugar e dessa cena (que a literatura irá propagar), e dos laços sociais e os efeitos de divisão espacial (social) e discursiva subsequentes. O artigo buscará, nesse sentido, colocar em questão a noção contemporânea de distopia – muito presente nas narrativas sobre o fim do mundo e na aparição dos messianismos negativos da contemporaneidade no contexto especifico da formação das sociedades coloniais, mas não sem deixar de observar alguns estratos estético-políticos onde uma poética da relação burla esse desenho nas sociedades pós-coloniais.
Diseño y validación de una escala para medir la gestión de la identidad digital
Authors: Huerta Patraca Gustavo Antonio , Torres Gastelú Carlos Arturo , Lagunes Domínguez Agustín 
Published: May 2021

La gestión de la identidad digital implica un proceso permanente y consciente del manejo de información personal y contenido que se comparte en Internet, con miras a proteger la privacidad y reputación digital. El objetivo del artículo es describir el proceso de diseño y validación de la escala de percepción titulada IDentifica2.0, creada para medir la gestión de la identidad digital, instrumento empleado para la investigación doctoral en Sistemas y Ambientes Educativos de la Universidad Veracruzana, México. La escala de Likert desarrollada contiene cinco dimensiones: creación de la identidad digital, visibilidad, privacidad y seguridad en Internet, reputación digital y efectos de la identidad digital en el ámbito personal. Se aplicó a 319 estudiantes de la licenciatura en Pedagogía de la Universidad Veracruzana (88 % de mujeres y 12 % de mujeres). Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para determinar su validez, que derivó en la eliminación de ítems con baja o nula correlación. Como parte de los resultados, se obtuvo un alfa de 0.80 y un índice Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0.728 global para las cinco subescalas. La versión final contiene 32 ítems agrupados en cinco factores. La escala IDentifica2.0 cuenta con un nivel aceptable de confiabilidad y validez para medir la gestión de la identidad digital, y abona al análisis de esta competencia digital.
Injectable calcium phosphate and styrene–butadiene polymer-based root canal filling material
Authors: Kaka Hala B. , Salman Raid F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThree-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is mandatory for a successful root canal treatment. Using a filling material with optimal properties may enable the root canal to be sealed well and therefore obtain the desired obturation.ObjectiveTo develop a new injectable paste endodontic filling material using calcium phosphate powder and a styrene–butadiene emulsion polymer.MethodsThe powder phase comprised an equivalent molar ratio of tetracalcium phosphate, anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, bismuth oxide, and calcium chloride. The liquid phase comprised a styrene–butadiene rubber emulsion in distilled water. The powder and the liquid were mixed to achieve a paste consistency. The paste was subjected to various tests including flow, setting time, dimensional change, solubility, and radiopacity to indicate its suitability as a root canal filling material. All these tests were conducted according to the American National Standards Institute–American Dental Association for endodontic sealing materials. After passing these tests, the paste was submitted to an injectability test.ResultsThe material showed acceptable flowability with 19.1 ± 1.3 min setting time and 0.61 ± 0.16% shrinkage after 30 days of storage. We found the highest solubility at 24 h (6.62 ± 0.58%), then the solubility decreased to 1.09 ± 0.08% within 3 days. The material was more radiopaque than a 3 mm step on an aluminum wedge. Furthermore, the material showed good injectability of 93.67 ± 1.80%.ConclusionsThe calcium phosphate powder in styrene–butadiene emulsion met basic requirements for a root canal filling material with promising properties.
Optimal Design of a Novel Magnetic Twisting Device based on NSGA-II Algorithm
Authors: Qiao Xu , Yuchen He , Shunqi Mei , Zhen Chen , Shaojun Wang , Xuemei Tang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a novel magnetic twisting device with a coaxial double rotor based on non-contact transmission characteristics of magnetic drive technology. When the twisting device rotates one cycle, the yarn can get triple twists. This means the new device can twist three times more than what the traditional single twist does. The structure of the magnetic twisting device is designed according to the twisting principle. The influence of main structural parameters on the magnetic torque is analyzed. To optimize the maximum transmission torque and the minimum magnet volume, the multi-objective optimization design model for the twisting device is established. Main parameters such as the relative angle of active disc assembly and passive disc assembly, the thickness of magnet, and the average radius of the magnet distribution are optimized by NSGA-II algorithm. Optimization results show that the proposed structural optimization design of a twisting device based on the magnetic drive has excellent performance and is effective for industrial application.
Acute and sub-chronic toxicity study of recombinant bovine interferon alpha in rodents
Authors: Yu Hai-Yang , Gao Dong-Mei , Zhou Wei , Xia Bing-Bing , He Zhi-Yuan , Wu Bo , Jiang Min-Zhi , Wang Ming-Li , Zhao Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Recombinant bovine interferon alpha (rBoIFN-α) has been demonstrated to have antiviral activity. However, no conduct of acute or chronic toxicity tests has been reported.

Material and Methods
Specific pathogen-free Sprague Dawley rats were administered doses at different concentrations through intraperitoneal or intravenous injection. After the administration (single for an acute toxicity test over 14 days or daily for a sub-chronic toxicity test over 30 days), the rats’ behaviour and other indicators and the degree of toxic reaction were continuously monitored. Blood was collected for haematological and serum biochemical examinations. At the end of the experiments, the rats were sacrificed for necropsy and histopathological tissue analysis.

Results
The external performance, behaviour characteristics, and changes in body temperature and body weight of the rats in each subgroup were comparable to the normal control subgroup. Except for a few cases, there were no lesions in the viscera’s pathological structures, and the blood parameters and biochemical indicators were not noticeably different from those of the control subgroup.

Conclusion
This study suggests that rBoIFN-α seems to be safe for rats, and its use may foster the development of the cattle industry in China by protecting livestock health.
Assessment of the usefulness of image reconstruction in the oblique and double-oblique sagittal planes for magnetic resonance imaging of the canine cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Przeworski Adam , Adamiak Zbigniew , Nowicki Michał , Mieszkowska Marta , Tobolska Angelika , Głodek Joanna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of the study was to determine the quality and significance of the magnetic resonance image of the canine knee after reconstruction in the oblique and double-oblique sagittal plane. This reconstruction and 3D images are rarely used in common protocols due to the longer study time they require. The study aimed to demonstrate significance for such diagnostic images in specific sequences in order to stimulate consideration of their more frequent use in diagnosis of diseases of the cruciate ligament in dogs.

Material and Methods
All tests were carried out using an open magnetic resonance tomography scanner with magnetic field induction. The images obtained from the 30 canine patients examined were reconstructed and evaluated by independent appraisers. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results
The study showed that MRI of the stifle joint using 3D sequences provides higher quality images of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. The results of the statistical analysis showed that multi-faceted reconstruction allows the secondary determination of the oblique imaging planes and obtains images of adequate quality.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that multi-faceted reconstruction facilitates the secondary determination of oblique imaging planes. This reconstruction additionally makes images available of better quality compared to the 2D sequence.
Evaluation of serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C as biomarkers of acute kidney injury in horses
Authors: Siwińska Natalia , Żak Agnieszka , Pasławska Urszula 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in horses is difficult at the subclinical stage, due to nonspecific clinical signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of selected serum and urinary biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI, and those with clinical AKI.

Material and Methods
Thirty healthy horses, 30 horses at risk of AKI and 11 horses with clinical AKI and azotaemia were included in the study. Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay tests.

Results
The median and (in parentheses) first and third quartile concentrations of selected biomarkers in healthy horses, horses at risk of AKI and horses with AKI were respectively as follows: serum cystatin C – 0.25 (0.19–0.37), 0.23 (0.15–0.37) and 0.61 (0.37–1.13) mg/L; serum NGAL – 50.5 (38.8–58.8), 51.1 (40.4–66.9) and 98.1 (59.4–128.2) ng/mL; urinary NGAL – 20.7 (17.9–24.5), 32.3 (32.7–55.8) and 36.6 (26.8–89.9) ng/mL; and urinary cystatin C – 0.1 (0.07–0.13), 0.13 (0.1–0.2) and 0.34 (0.22–0.37) mg/L. There were significant differences in the concentration of all biomarkers between the healthy and AKI-affected horses.

Conclusion
Horses with AKI all had biomarker concentrations higher than the healthy horses. None of the biomarkers made azotaemia recognisable in all affected horses. The obtained results indicate the need to create a serum and urinary biomarker panel to detect AKI.
Interscapular pain with Chiari Type I malformation attributed to atypical spinal accessory neuralgia
Authors: Singh Anoop Kumar , Kumari Gayatri 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The spinal accessory nerve (XI) is traditionally considered a motor nerve. However, as some studies have documented the presence of nociceptive fibers in XI, vascular XI neural compression may lead to an atypical neuralgia.

Case Description:
A 27-year-old male presented with a Chiari Type I malformation contributing to interscapular pain. Following a posterior fossa and microvascular decompression of XI, the patient improved, thus confirming the underlying diagnosis of a XI atypical neuralgia.

Conclusion:
Unilateral, posterior-interscapular deep pain may be due to an atypical spinal accessory nerve (XI) neuralgia rather than a Chiari Type I malformation or syrinx. Posterior fossa decompression, subpial tonsillar resection, and XI nerve microvascular decompression resolved this patient’s complaints. In the future, CTA or MRA vascular studies along with a balanced steady-state gradient echo MRI sequence would be better to document the presence of XI nerve neurovascular compromise.
Delayed subaponeurotic fluid collection on an infant’s head: Underreported case and review of the literature
Authors: Faried Ahmad , Imron Akhmad , Aliyannissa Almira , Indrawati Dini 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Delayed subaponeurotic fluid collection (DSFC) is a relatively uncommon problem, probably under reported soft swelling in the scalp which usually develops in infancy that occurs weeks to months after birth. Although the exact etiology remains unclear, several theories have been postulated such as (i) cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) leak from microfractures of the skull and (ii) disrupted lymphatic drainage, gradually liquefying subaponeurotic bleeding. Here, we reported typical clinical findings of DSFC and analysis of the fluid aspirate from our patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported from Asia, particularly from Indonesia.

Case Description:
A healthy 2-month-old girl infant presented with 2 weeks history of occipital painless fluctuant scalp mass with no swelling. She was born at term from a nulliparous mother; by emergency cesarean delivery following failed induction of labor. There was no history of scalp injury at birth nor recent head trauma; ultrasonography showed translucent fluid in subaponeurotic or subgaleal space. The fluid collection was noted to be fluctuant, free-flowing across suture lines, without discoloration or bruising; when placed supine, the fluid collected at her midocciput. A diagnostic tap confirmed the presence of serosanguinous CSF led to a diagnosis of DSFC.

Conclusion:
Herein, we reported the first DSFC case from Indonesia. With no previous experience of the condition, a definitive diagnosis was possible through a very carefully physical examination and history taking, along with a good communication among the neurosurgeon, pediatrician, and the clinical pathologist.
Acquired coagulopathy and complement system pathology in chronic hepatic disorders.
Authors: Коновалова Е.Ю. , Преснякова М.В. 
Published: May 2021

Комплемент и коагуляция являются эволюционно связанными протеолитическими гуморальными системами, которые имеют решающее значение для осуществления врожденного иммунного ответа на повреждение и инфекцию, ограничения кровотечения и патологического тромбообразования. Печень играет центральную роль в функционировании системы гемостаза и комплемента: она синтезирует большинство факторов свертывания и их ингибиторов, а также протеины системы комплимента. При хронических заболеваниях печени нарушения системы гемостаза протекают по типу коагулопатий, выраженность которых будет определять клиническую картину основного заболевания. В обзоре представлены данные о роли сосудисто-тромбоцитарного, коагуляционного, антикоагулянтного и фибринолитического звеньев системы гемостаза и компонентов системы комплемента в патогенезе хронических заболеваний печени.
Complement and coagulation are evolutionarily related proteolytic humoral systems that are crucial for the innate immune response to injury and infection, for limiting hemorrhage and pathological thrombosis. The liver plays a central role in the functioning of hemostasis and complement system. It synthesizes most coagulation factors and their inhibitors, as well as complement system proteins. In chronic hepatic diseases, hemostasis disorders proceed as coagulopathies, and their severity determine the clinical picture of basic disease. This review presents data about the role of vascular-platelet, coagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic links of hemostasis and complement system components in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic diseases.
The history and future of hemostasis research (to the Anniversary of Kirov Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion FMBA of Russia).
Authors: Игнатьев С.В. , Ковтунова М.Е. , Ройтман Е.В. , Воробьев К.А. , Лянгузов А.В. 
Published: May 2021

В настоящей статье освещаются некоторые этапы становления гемостазиологии как научного направления. Отдельная составляющая работы посвящена истории развития данного раздела медицины, достижениям выдающихся отечественных ученых; освещены ближайшие и отдаленные перспективы научных исследований. Накопленный опыт позволяет авторам надеяться на дальнейшее совершенствование знаний по вопросам свертывания крови и становление специальности «гемостазиология» в Российской Федерации для оказания профессиональной и пациент-ориентированной помощи больным различными заболеваниями, сопровождающимися нарушениями гемокоагуляции.
The article highlights some of the stages in hemostasiology development as a scientific direction. A certain part of the work is devoted to the evolution of this branch of medicine, to the achievements of eminent domestic researchers, highlighted the immediate and further prospects of scientific research. The lessons learned allows to hope for advancing knowledge on the blood coagulation issues and the formation of the specialty “hemostasiology” in the Russian Federation to the professional and patient-oriented care of different patient groups accompanied by blood coagulation disorders.