bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplying Compliance with Trade Rules
Authors: Young Alasdair R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Trade agreements have become politicized because of public concerns that trade rules constrain regulatory decisions. How much international obligations constrain state behavior, however, is contested in the International Relations literature. This book seeks to explain whether, why, and how jurisdictions comply with inconvenient international obligations. It does so through detailed process tracing of European Union policies found incompatible with World Trade Organization rules: its ban on hormone-treated beef, its banana trade regime, its moratorium on the approval of genetically modified crops, its sugar export subsidies, and its anti-dumping duties on bed linen from India. It uses the adverse rulings as the “treatment” in a “natural experiment,” contrasting the policy-relevant politics before and after each ruling. The case studies are supplemented by a qualitative comparative analysis of all EU policies found to contravene WTO rules that had to be changed by the end of 2019. The book contributes to debates on the impact of international institutions, on the effectiveness of the WTO, and on the nature of the EU as an international actor. It argues that the preferences of policy makers (the “supply” of policy change) matter more than demands from societal actors in determining whether compliance occurs. It also argues that while policy change in response to adverse WTO rulings is the norm (good news for trade), WTO members do resist obligations that would compromise cherished policy objectives (good news for legitimacy). This volume contends that the EU’s compliance performance is like that of most WTO members; it is not a unique international actor.
The Content-Priority View
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter assesses a relatively neglected alternative to the evaluative content view (ECV). According to what I call the content-priority view (CPV), emotional experiences do not have evaluative content. Rather, emotional experiences are responses to forms of pre-emotional value awareness, as what we are (or seem to be) aware of in having certain non-emotional evaluative states (where the latter are temporally prior to emotion). So, in the good cases, the view claims that emotions are responses to values that we are in fact aware of; alternatively, when the prior evaluative state falls short of this factive value-awareness they are responses to what we seem to be aware of (i.e. apparent values). The chapter argues that this view is unsuccessful as an account of the content of emotional experience. Numerous candidates for the relevant state of pre-emotional value awareness are considered and found wanting.
The Nature of Emotional Experience
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Building on the evaluative content view defended in Chapter 2, and following the rejection of the content-priority view in Chapter 3, Chapter 4 argues that we should understand emotional experiences as sui generis non-doxastic experiences of value, where the value-representing component is a felt valenced attitude of (dis)favour. This felt valenced attitude is directed towards the particular object of the emotion, which is represented as possessing the relevant evaluative properties. The chapter begins by offering a critique of Perceptualism. It then develops puzzling comments made by Peter Goldie on the notion of feelings towards and explicates this notion along the lines of a non-bodily valenced attitudinal component as present in emotional experience. This account is a compelling way of substantiating notions of affective intentionality which are often appealed to in discussions of emotional intentionality but rarely clarified. Finally, a series of objections to the account are considered, which are responded to.
The Angels of God
Authors: Wiebe Gregory D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter establishes the creator-created, eternal-temporal distinction that is foundational for Augustine’s theology. This distinction forms the basis for his reflections upon the creation account of Genesis, in which he attempts to locate creation of the angels. But it also defines the problem that the angels are to help solve, namely, how humans are to know and love God in the remoteness of God’s eternity. For Augustine, angels are created wisdom, enlightened in their love of God, perfected at the beginning of their creation, always beholding the Father’s face. As perfected intellectual spirits, angels possess a knowledge of creation in God that allows them to oversee all of creation. In this administrative role it is the angels’ responsibility to be God’s external, volitional mode of providence for the whole cosmos, seeing in God through their ceaseless contemplation what ought to occur in God’s creation and carrying it out as required. For Augustine, the primary goal of this angelic office is to testify to the incarnation of the Son of God, not only with miracles and theophanies, but also by working through human institutions, most notably in their administration of the Holy Scriptures themselves.
Pagan Demonolatry
Authors: Wiebe Gregory D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter continues the investigation of signs and sacraments of demons in pagan religion and its gods, which Augustine sees as the very foundation of Rome’s history of moral corruption. It shows what Augustine thinks is particularly demonic in Roman polytheism, both as it is presented most straightforwardly to the public and as it is understood by its most clever interpreters, chiefly the Platonists, Apuleius, and Porphyry. This analysis reveals that Augustine’s demons interact with and manifest among humanity in three principal ways: the straightforward imitation of demonic pride, the demons’ administration of false religion as though they were true angels, and, folding these two together, the promotion of religion known to be false for the sake of possessing other people politically. The chapter concludes with Augustine’s commendation of ecclesial incorporation into Christ as true and good, where demonic religion is false and wicked, and thus as the primary means by which humanity is to find freedom from such possession by the lordship of demons.
Introduction
Authors: Klimasmith Betsy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The introduction establishes my approach, defines key theoretical terms, and presents an overview of the study. Many of this study’s texts, especially those written in the eighteenth century, are set in unfurnished landscapes that lack the familiar signposts to situate readers in urban space. I call these settings protocities, a term that aims to describe both the protean nature of early American spaces and their experimental quality. By the turn into the nineteenth century, novels begin to locate themselves in physical spaces between a receding cosmopolitanism and a hazily urban future; these texts are set in what I call the liminal city. In different ways, protocities and liminal cities, as well as the characters who people them, are literary prototypes through which authors and readers could creatively animate a variety of urban experiences related but not equivalent to the historical cities where they were written and, often, read. In this study, I focus on the spaces and relations novels imagine as amalgams of real people, historical events, and the fantasies of US urbanity that they constructed. Novels were one of the forms artists used to imagine the multiple cities that might exist in places that were not, as yet, urban.
Drama Uncloseted in Boston
Authors: Klimasmith Betsy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 1, “Drama Uncloseted in Boston,” argues that American urbanity began at home. The cosmopolitanism practiced in elite domestic spaces after the American Revolution signaled an urban future; in opening these homes to a broader public, novels would transform it. But not without serious resistance. Instead of embracing urbanity after the revolution, Bostonians strained to negotiate competing desires for republican equality and cosmopolitan sophistication. This tension found a fitting narrative in a public scandal of incestuous infidelity, pregnancy, and suicide involving Perez Morton, a prominent Boston lawyer and drama aficionado; his wife, poet Sarah Wentworth Morton; and her sister, Fanny Apthorp, whose published suicide notes were widely read. I trace the scandal’s circulation through Boston newspapers, as a subplot in William Hill Brown’s 1789 novel The Power of Sympathy, and in three plays, two by Brown himself, that were printed for private performances in Boston, where public theater remained illegal. These texts offer a fascinating case study of the formally diverse and multivocal print culture in which cosmopolitan culture clashed with new ideas about American urbanity. The epistolary novel emerged as a form concerned not with the past or present, I argue, but with the future—a future that writes out of existence the varied voices, especially female and Black voices, present in the plays, poetry, and papers.
Philadelphia’s Fevered Readers
Authors: Klimasmith Betsy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2, “Philadelphia’s Fevered Readers,” explores the literary aftermath of 1793’s yellow fever epidemic. Philadelphia was the young republic’s most cosmopolitan and diverse city. Yet its social landscape was fragmented and fragile, threatened by disease, economic instability, and national consolidation. The crisis of repeated fever outbreaks forced Philadelphians out of their religious and class circles toward a more connected urbanity. This chapter argues that in the wake of the epidemic, readers in Philadelphia initially bypassed realistic narratives of suffering, including printer Mathew Carey’s multiple Accounts of the Yellow Fever (1793–94) to seek the shared comfort of sympathy in the more generic tragedy of Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte, A Tale of Truth (1791, London; 1794, Philadelphia), the novel we now know as Charlotte Temple. Just as Carey found refuge in the theater, his customers eagerly immersed themselves in Rowson’s melodramatic text, making Charlotte the nation’s first bestselling novel. In Charlotte and Carey’s Accounts, an ethic of neighborliness emerges as a dynamic central to shaping early urban space. Both authors pit the city against the hinterlands and derive from the intimacy of cities made artificially small and white—Charlotte’s imagined colonial New-York, Carey’s isolated, depopulated Philadelphia—a model for a civic future that fictively elides the racial, ethnic, and linguistic diversity that characterized these actual cities, and against which commentators Absalom Jones and Richard Allen set their vision of Black citizenship through neighborly practice.
27 November 1582
Authors: Cowen Orlin Lena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
William Shakespeare, his father’s eldest son, was meant to learn a trade through an apprenticeship, like his father. He would have been indentured at age 17 to serve seven years in training. Local lore suggests that he was apprenticed to a butcher. However, early modern apprenticeship indentures indicated that the apprentice was prohibited from marrying, and Shakespeare wed in 1582 at age 18. This chapter conjectures that a main purpose of the marriage was to break his covenants. What other biographies have described as ‘lost years’ may for him have been ‘found years’, years he was able to spend learning the craft of playwriting rather than that of butchery. The wedding is usually depicted as a shotgun affair, forced upon him because Anne Hathaway was pregnant, requiring a special marriage licence and a marriage bond, and performed outside Stratford-upon-Avon because of the shame of it all. In the late sixteenth century, however, as many as one-third of brides were pregnant, and by marrying they avoided social disgrace. Shakespeare may have wed outside Stratford because this made it possible for his father, who was hiding from local officers charged to arrest him for debt, to attend the ceremony. The chapter also tells the story of William Trowte, Shakespeare’s biographical cognate and an object lesson in the sort of life Shakespeare might have lived if he had remained a butcher in Stratford.
4 May 1597
Authors: Cowen Orlin Lena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 1597 William Shakespeare bought a house called New Place that had been built by Stratford-upon-Avon’s most illustrious citizen, Hugh Clopton. He would go on to acquire other land and buildings from which he received a steady income in his later years. This chapter takes up the question of how he managed to accumulate his wealth. It tells the story of the only surviving letter to Shakespeare, written by a man named Richard Quiney to ask for Shakespeare’s help securing a loan. Shakespeare’s good credit and ability to borrow were undoubtedly factors in his property purchases (and were especially impressive given his father’s debt history). The chapter also tells the story of Richard Quiney’s wife Elizabeth, who ran a sprawling business enterprise as a mercer, grocer, maltster, vintner, landlady, property manager, and civic hostess. Taking Elizabeth Quiney’s life as cognate to that of Anne Shakespeare, we learn that such scattered local records as survive might be understood to suggest that Anne was a businesswoman in a similar mould. Both William and Anne Shakespeare took big risks—his also involving shareholding in the Lord Chamberlain’s Men and the Globe Theatre—and both achieved big rewards.
Global Business in the Age of Transformation
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Klein James R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This book presents a straightforward readable commentary on the intricacies and impacts of globalization. It examines trends, provides insight, and suggests approaches for survival in the dramatically changing business world. The book is an examination of the big changes in economics and business with practical observations and ideas on adapting. It is drawn from insights and observations from academics, practitioners, and practical thinkers around the world. The inspiration for the manuscript came from the VoiceAmerica radio programme Global Business with Mahesh Joshi. The focus of the book is to take some of the mystery and anxiety out of common perceptions about economic, cultural, and social transformation around the world. It is a look under the surface of everyday rhetoric providing a deeper dive into specific key elements of global business change. It is the authors’ goal to present a balanced and simple explanation of the changing face of global business, how it is affecting everyone, and makes recommendations for change strategies. It highlights how geopolitical upheavals impact business, hyperdynamic technology, leadership, and emerging economies. It wants to encourage thinking and conversations about where we are and encourage realistic reflection and opportunities for business success in a global world.
Old Beneficiaries, New Critics
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is a system of thought that has historically been the undercurrent of global interaction for centuries. It is a result of a legacy of intersection, dissection, and interaction between groups of people, from those just over the hill to others around the world. That thought process is the ongoing search for common ground, the continual hunt for definition, and the perceived necessity for discriminating differences that have led us through wars, violence, hardships, and glorious celebrations of understanding and achievement. From democracy to oligarchy, monarchy to republic, authoritarian to libertarian regimes, the legacy of global interconnectivity has its beneficiaries and critics, which through history may be interchangeable. More than anything this chapter investigates the axiom ‘the more things change, the more they stay the same’. It presents the commonality of ideologies within the cycle of change and how the role of beneficiary and critic may simply be a matter of timing.
Technology as the Driver and Consumer
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Discussions of the quantum speed of change in lifestyle, business, and environment are widespread. New technological innovations and business models are threatening existing business players. These legacy businesses were strong and there was little thought that anything could challenge them. However, as with most change, those who do not pay attention pay the price. If vigilance is not a common trait and no one is watching where the disruption is coming from, the ramifications are inevitable. Technology is the driver as well as the consumer of digitization with technological innovation feeding the development of new breakthroughs. This spectacle is moving at an amazing pace with no signs of subsiding. The digital revolution is proving to be one of the most impactful events in human history.
Sector Impact
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The realities of an interconnected global world have resulted in increased economic integration, but globalization has also brought an important conceptual change in the way we think about almost everything. Conversations in an environment of constant change, instant information, and confusing rhetoric tend to be focused on symptoms currently in front of our face or in the category of breaking news. The realities of living in a world that is increasingly connected, instantly aware, and commonly influenced by technology-driven change is much more complex. This chapter reports on thinking about the impact of change on varied sectors. The focus will be on megatrends that affect global and local constructs of business and lifestyle.
Taking a New Shape
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Leadership is taking a new shape in what is called the hyperdynamic twenty-first century. In this new iteration, there are many questions. Has leadership become too multidimensional? Will it be collaborative and inclusive resulting in service to local people producing positive advances for society and the environment? Will it be more focused on building relationships or an autocratic approach? The new shape suggests hierarchical leaders will need to re-examine their approach. Leaders may not be able to drive innovation by a blind delegation of responsibilities for communication and diversity but rather leaders will be obliged to break down walls and create open communication.
Being Introspective in an Expanding World
Authors: Joshi Mahesh K. , Klein J.R. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Twenty-first century leadership is at its core a holistic examination of changing environments, business models, economic ramifications, global and local impact, workplace, workforce, and strategies. This discussion surveys data, scrutinizes methodologies, presents opportunities, and suggests solutions through an examination of public–private synergy, entrepreneurship, and education. The bottom line, in a world that changes every minute, is not what happens but how the leader, as a person, handles what happens. Through the discussion of leadership character, transformational leaders, the tension and stress of change, and the tsunami of technology the unspoken elephant in the room is the psychological, emotional, mental, and spiritual impact on the leader as an individual.
Theory of Itinerant Electron Magnetism, 2nd Edition
Authors: Kübler Jürgen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The book, in the broadest sense, is an application of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics to the field of magnetism. Under certain well-described conditions, an immensely large number of electrons moving in the solid will collectively produce permanent magnetism. Permanent magnets are of fundamental interest, and magnetic materials are of great practical importance as they provide a large field of technological applications. The physical details describing the many-electron problem of magnetism are presented in this book on the basis of the density-functional approximation. The emphasis is on realistic magnets, for which the equations describing properties of the many-electron problem can only be solved by using computers. The great recent and continuing improvements are, to a very large extent, responsible for the progress in this field. Along with an introduction to the density-functional theory, the book describes representative computational methods and detailed formulas for physical properties of magnets, which include among other things the computation of magnetic ordering temperatures, the giant magnetoresistance, magneto-optical effects, weak ferromagnetism, the anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, and novel quasiparticles, such as Weyl fermions and magnetic skyrmions.
An Introduction to Proof Theory
Authors: Mancosu Paolo , Galvan Sergio , Zach Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProof theory is a central area of mathematical logic of special interest to philosophy. It has its roots in the foundational debate of the 1920s, in particular, in Hilbert’s program in the philosophy of mathematics, which called for a formalization of mathematics, as well as for a proof, using philosophically unproblematic, “finitary” means, that these systems are free from contradiction. Structural proof theory investigates the structure and properties of proofs in different formal deductive systems, including axiomatic derivations, natural deduction, and the sequent calculus. Central results in structural proof theory are the normalization theorem for natural deduction, proved here for both intuitionistic and classical logic, and the cut-elimination theorem for the sequent calculus. In formal systems of number theory formulated in the sequent calculus, the induction rule plays a central role. It can be eliminated from proofs of sequents of a certain elementary form: every proof of an atomic sequent can be transformed into a “simple” proof. This is Hilbert’s central idea for giving finitary consistency proofs. The proof requires a measure of proof complexity called an ordinal notation. The branch of proof theory dealing with mathematical systems such as arithmetic thus has come to be called ordinal proof theory. The theory of ordinal notations is developed here in purely combinatorial terms, and the consistency proof for arithmetic presented in detail.
Religious Vitality in Victorian London
Authors: Jacob W. M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This innovative book challenges many of the widely held assumptions about the place of religion in London, the world’s first great industrial and commercial metropolis. Against the background of a ‘thick description’ of the complexities of Victorian London it explores the religiosity of Londoners as expressed through the dynamic renewal of traditional faith communities, including Judaism and the historic churches, as well as fresh expressions of religion, including the Salvation Army, Mormons, spiritualism, and the occult. It shows how laypeople, especially the rich and women were mobilized in the service of their faith, and their fellow citizens. Drawing on research in social, economic, oral, cultural, and women’s history William Jacob argues that religious motivations lay behind concerns that subsequently preoccupied people in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. These include the changing place of women in society, an active concern for social justice, the sexual exploitation of women and children, provision of education for all classes and all ages. By examining religion broadly, in its social and cultural context, looking beyond conventional approaches to religious history Religious Vitality in Victorian London illustrates the broader significance of religion in society influencing even the expression of secularism.