bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case Report on Therapeutic Management of Wilm’s Tumour
Authors: Rewatkar Priya , Patil Manoj 
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Wilms's tumour was named after Carl Max Wilhelm Wilms, a 19th century German surgeon. Wilm’s tumor is derived from primitive metanephric blastema and is a form of childhood carcinoma that begins in the kidneys (also called nephroblastoma). In infants, it is the most common form of kidney carcinoma. 9 out of 10 kidney cancers in kids is Wilms Tumor. Carcinoma can spread to other parts of the body. The incidence is around seven new cases per million children in the United States, with a peak incidence between the ages of 2 and 3 years.
Main symptoms and important clinical findings: A 11 yrs. old female child was admitted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Wardha on 08/02/2021 with chief complaint of breathing difficulty, shortness of breath, blood in the urine, nausea and vomiting. After physical examination and investigations, doctors diagnosed it as a case of Wilm’s tumor.
The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions and outcomes: After physical examination and investigations like MRI, doctor diagnosed it as a case Wilm’s tumour. Tab. Actinomycin D (Dactinomycin), tab. Vincristine (chemotherapy) were started and calcium and multivitamin supplements were given for 7 days to enhance immune function. Tab. Septran 160 mg OD and tab. Acenet 400 mg OD, tab. Bactrim 5mg OD was also prescribed. Patient took all treatment and outcome was good. Her signs and symptoms improved.
Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment speeded up recovery.
DNA Methylation Patterns in Saliva of Tobacco users with High-Risk Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Patel Mimansha , Gawande Madhuri Nitin , Chaudhary Minal Shashikant , Hande Alka Harish 
Published: June 2021

Background: “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD)” is a well-known symptom that, if untreated, can be carcinogenic. It includes leukoplakia, erythroplakia or erythroleukoplakia. One of the typical premalignant lesions of the oral cavity is “oral leukoplakias (OLs),” which frequently precedes “OSCCs.”OLs with dysplastic characteristics are considered to be at a higher risk of “malignant transformation.” So, early diagnosis of "oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs)" is desperately required to enhance patient prognosis and quality of life (QOL).As a result, we examined the distinctive promoter methylation presence in high-risk OLs.
Objectives: To detect, compare & correlate “DNA methylation” patterns in normal individuals, tobacco users without disease and tobacco users with the disease.
Methodology: With the participants' full consent, 48 saliva samples were obtained and prepared. DNA isolation, restriction digestion of genomic DNA, extraction of restriction enzyme digested genomic DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) were all carried out.
Expected results: This study will help us to assess the use of Saliva as an aid to identifying both high and low risk “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.”
Conclusion: Peculiar promoter methylation of various genes was related to a high possibility of malignant transformation in OLs.
Critical Appraisal of National Accreditation and Assessment Council Accreditation Guidelines with Reference to Medical Sciences Universities/ Institutions as Against US and UK and Proposing an Upgraded Model of Accreditation Guidelines – A Study Protocol
Authors: Mishra Gaurav , Srivastava Tripti , Dhande Rajasbala , Singh Rohan Kumar , Patwa Prerna 
Published: June 2021

Background: Accreditation forms chief platform to the fact that higher education should be accurately directed towards betterment, sharpening, honing and nourishing intellectual persona of learners.
There is palpable need to critically analyze manuals embodying accrediting guidelines for Medical Sciences Universities / Institutions prescribed by NAAC as against guidelines in vogue in U.S. and U.K. with reference to any identifiable inadequacy pertaining to meaningful accreditation of Medical Sciences Universities / Institutions and proposing an ideal model towards meaningful accreditation .
Aim and Objectives: To critically evaluate manuals of accreditation of Medical Sciences Universities / Institutions notified by National Accreditation and Assessment Council with reference to those in vogue in U.S. and U.K. and generate updated manual for accreditation of Medical Science Universities / Institutions in India.
Methods:
Type of study: Descriptive study.
Duration of study: 2 years.
Place of study: Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha.
Expected Results: Generation of upgraded manual of accreditation of Medical Universities / Institutions in India.
Conclusion: Updated manual of accreditation of medical Sciences Universities / Institutions in India could be availed by National Assessment and Accreditation Council for its utilization as a basal / referral document towards the necessary policy frame.
Optimal rotation of insecticides to prevent the evolution of resistance in a structured environment
Authors: Yamamura Kohji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral strategies have been used in insecticide resistance management to prevent the evolution of resistance, but the spatial aspects of insecticide application are crucially important among these strategies. Here, we consider a structured environment that consists of on‐farm and off‐farm fields where crops are planted periodically in on‐farm fields during cultivation periods. We define the basic reproduction rate () of resistance as the expected number of offspring of a resistant individual divided by that of a susceptible individual under the condition that the proportion of resistance is extremely small; it is measured as the quantity per cycle of the cultivation period. We calculate using realistic dose‐survival curves under a given fitness cost of resistance genes. The evolution of resistance occurs if and only if the value is larger than 0. Then, we propose a procedure for calculating the optimal design of rotational spraying that prevents the evolution of resistance, that is, the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) for farmers, satisfying the mortality required for managing the abundance of insects. We consider the following controllable factors in calculating the optimal design: the dose of insecticide, the number of sprays, the number of different types of insecticides and potentially, the size of on‐farm fields.
Rehabilitation Interventions in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Future Directions
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Poole Janet L. , Chen Yen T. , Lescoat Alain , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo systematically review evidence of rehabilitation interventions for improving outcomes in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to evaluate evidence quality.MethodsSeveral electronic databases were searched to identify studies in which rehabilitation professionals delivered, supervised, or participated in interventions for individuals with SSc. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or non‐randomized trials, one‐arm trials, and prospective quasi‐experimental studies with interventions were included if they had ≥10 participants. Quality appraisal was conducted by 2 independent raters using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale.ResultsA total of 16 good or excellent quality studies (15 RCTs, 1 prospective quasi‐experimental study) were included. Most rehabilitation interventions focused on hands/upper extremities, followed by multicomponent, orofacial, and directed self‐management. Sample sizes varied between 20–267 participants (median 38). In 50% of studies, participants in intervention groups significantly improved compared to controls. Most studies demonstrated within‐group improvements in intervention groups. Interventions varied in content, delivery, length, and dose and outcome measures collected.ConclusionExisting evidence provides some support for rehabilitation in SSc, such as interventions that focus on hand and upper extremity outcomes or are multicomponent, although there is high study heterogeneity. The evidence base would benefit from interventions testing similar replicable components, use of common outcome measures, and incorporation of delivery modes that enable larger sample sizes. There are challenges in recruiting participants due to the rarity of SSc and high disease burden, as participants' involvement in rehabilitation studies requires active participation over time. Intervention studies designed to reduce participation barriers may facilitate translation of effective interventions into practice.
Experimental implementation of a novel scheduling algorithm for adaptive and modified P&O MPPT controller using fuzzy logic for WECS
Authors: Gouabi Hicham , Hazzab Abdeldjebar , Habbab Mohamed , Rezkallah Miloud , Chandra Ambrish 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThis article proposes an adaptive and modified Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, using fuzzy logic step size controller, for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on wound rotor synchronous generator. The modified P&O controller uses additional current information of the dc‐link, to decrease power oscillation around MPP, and choose the correct direction of the perturbation, while wind speed increase condition, depending on the sign of dc‐link current change. So, in this contribution, a modified drift‐free P&O algorithm was chosen because it gives better results, but the duty cycle step size in the proposed MPPT controller has been varied adaptively, using a fuzzy logic inference system based on the variation of the rectifier output power and the previous change of the duty cycle to get fast convergence until the MPP is reached in increasing and decreasing wind speed conditions. Performances and robustness of the proposed speed sensorless MPPT controller are evaluated in an experiment implementation, using a WECS emulator and dSpace DS1104 controller board, where experimental results show that the proposed method guarantees fast convergence with better energy quality and high robustness against speed or load change conditions.
Multi‐Fidelity High‐Throughput Optimization of Electrical Conductivity in P3HT‐CNT Composites
Authors: Bash Daniil , Cai Yongqiang , Chellappan Vijila , Wong Swee Liang , Yang Xu , Kumar Pawan , Tan Jin Da , Abutaha Anas , Cheng Jayce JW , Lim Yee‐Fun , Tian Siyu Isaac Parker , Ren Zekun , Mekki‐Berrada Flore , Wong Wai Kuan , Xie Jiaxun , Kumar Jatin , Khan Saif A. , Li Qianxiao , Buonassisi Tonio , Hippalgaonkar Kedar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCombining high‐throughput experiments with machine learning accelerates materials and process optimization toward user‐specified target properties. In this study, a rapid machine learning‐driven automated flow mixing setup with a high‐throughput drop‐casting system is introduced for thin film preparation, followed by fast characterization of proxy optical and target electrical properties that completes one cycle of learning with 160 unique samples in a single day, a >10× improvement relative to quantified, manual‐controlled baseline. Regio‐regular poly‐3‐hexylthiophene is combined with various types of carbon nanotubes, to identify the optimum composition and synthesis conditions to realize electrical conductivities as high as state‐of‐the‐art 1000 S cm−1. The results are subsequently verified and explained using offline high‐fidelity experiments. Graph‐based model selection strategies with classical regression that optimize among multi‐fidelity noisy input‐output measurements are introduced. These strategies present a robust machine‐learning driven high‐throughput experimental scheme that can be effectively applied to understand, optimize, and design new materials and composites.
Graphene Oxide Based Fluorescent DNA Aptasensor for Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Ma Ke , Xie Wei , Liu Wei , Wang Lei , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐based fluorescent DNA aptasensors are promising nanomaterials in bioassays owing to the fluorescent ultrasensitivity and target identification ability. However, their in vivo application remains an appealing yet significantly challenging task. In this contribution, for the first time, a nanomaterial for in vivo diagnosis and therapy of liver tumors is demonstrated. A DNA nanomaterial consisting of DNA tetrahedron and aptamers, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens, and antitumor drug doxorubicin, is fabricated and attached on the GO surface. This developed hybrid with good biocompatibility exhibits high selectivity to target liver cancer cells, and performs well in in vitro and in vivo liver tumor fluorescence imaging diagnosis and chemotherapy. Additionally, a GO‐based fluorescent DNA nanodevice is also constructed by using microfluidic chips for liver tumor cell screening.
Nanovaccine‐Mediated Cell Selective Delivery of Neoantigens Potentiating Adoptive Dendritic Cell Transfer for Personalized Immunization
Authors: Xiao Ping , Wang Jue , Fang Lei , Zhao Zitong , Sun Xiangshi , Liu Xiaochen , Cao Haiqiang , Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Dangge , Li Yaping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeoantigen vaccines and adoptive dendritic cell (DC) transfer are major clinical approaches to initiate personalized immunity in cancer patients. However, the immunization efficacy is largely limited by the in vivo trajectory including neoantigens’ access to resident DCs and DCs’ access to lymph nodes (LNs). Herein, an innovative strategy is proposed to improve personalized immunization through neoantigen‐loaded nanovaccines synergized with adoptive DC transfer. It is found that it enables selective delivery of neoantigens to resident DCs and macrophages by coating cancer cell membranes onto neoantigen‐loaded nanoparticles. In addition, the nanovaccines promote the secretion of chemokine C‐C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, and C‐X‐C motif ligand 10 from macrophages, thus potentiating the access of transferred DCs to LNs. This immunization strategy enables coordinated delivery of identified neoantigens and autologous tumor lysate‐derived undefined antigens, leading to initiation of antitumor T cell immunity in a personalized manner. It significantly inhibits tumor growth in prophylactic and established mouse tumor models. The findings provide a new vision for potentiating adoptive cell transfer by nanovaccines, which may open the door to a transformative possibility for improving personalized immunization.
Flexible Vertical Photogating Transistor Network with an Ultrashort Channel for In‐Sensor Visual Nociceptor
Authors: Feng Guangdi , Jiang Jie , Li Yanran , Xie Dingdong , Tian Bobo , Wan Qing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHumans can clearly perceive surroundings efficiently while consuming little energy because of human intelligence and powerful vision system. Thus, it has been a long‐sought dream for human beings to build such an energy‐efficient artificial intelligent vision system with emerging devices. Unfortunately, a wearable optoelectronic device for visual nociceptor systems, regarded as a key bionic function to protect the vision, remains to be developed so far. Herein, using the vertical coplanar‐multiterminal flexible transient photogating transistor network with a 3 nm ultrashort channel, a wearable artificial vision system with painful‐perceptual abilities is successfully demonstrated for flexible electronic‐skin (e‐skin) applications. The device not only has the ability of ultrafast transient physical disappearance of only 60 s for information security but also establishes a flexible optical in‐sensor visual nociceptor (ISVN) e‐skin. The optical transition from short‐time memory to long‐time memory of visual memory is educed by a strong photogating effect, and the higher‐level‐graded optical painful alarm‐sensing system is also demonstrated by this flexible artificial e‐skin. Moreover, the proposed devices will achieve painful light sensitization under different spatiotemporal color patterns to avoid external secondary injuries. It provides a good opportunity for future intelligent e‐skin taking advantage of its intriguing visual pain‐perceptual abilities.
Thermochromic Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Iodine Hydrogels with Safe Threshold Temperature for Infectious Wound Healing
Authors: Miao Zhaohua , Sun Yanbin , Tao Zhenchao , Chen Yu , Ma Yan , Zhu Dongdong , Huang Xiang , Zha Zhengbao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIodophor (povidone‐iodine) has been widely used for antibacterial applications in the clinic. Yet, limited progress in the field of iodine‐based bactericides has been achieved since the invention of iodophor. Herein, a blue polyvinyl alcohol‐iodine (PAI) complex‐based antibacterial hydrogel is explored as a new generation of biocompatible iodine‐based bactericides. The obtained PAI hydrogel maintains laser triggered liquefaction, thermochromic, and photothermal features for highly efficient elimination of bacteria. In vitro antibacterial test reveals that the relative bacteria viabilities of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incubated with PAI hydrogel are only 8% and 3.8%, respectively. Upon single injection of the PAI hydrogel, MRSA‐infected open wounds can be efficiently healed in only 5 days, and the healing speed is further accelerated by laser irradiation due to the dynamic interaction between iodine and polyvinyl alcohol, causing up to ∼29% of wound area being closed on day 1. In addition, a safe threshold temperature of skin scald (∼45 °C) emerges for PAI hydrogels because of thermochromic properties, avoiding thermal injuries during irradiation. In addition, no observed toxicity or skin irritation is observed for the PAI hydrogel. This work expands the category of iodine‐based bactericides for safe and controllable management of infected wounds.
Machine Learning‐Reinforced Noninvasive Biosensors for Healthcare
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Wang Jianwu , Liu Tianyi , Luo Yifei , Loh Xian Jun , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe emergence and development of noninvasive biosensors largely facilitate the collection of physiological signals and the processing of health‐related data. The utilization of appropriate machine learning algorithms improves the accuracy and efficiency of biosensors. Machine learning‐reinforced biosensors are started to use in clinical practice, health monitoring, and food safety, bringing a digital revolution in healthcare. Herein, the recent advances in machine learning‐reinforced noninvasive biosensors applied in healthcare are summarized. First, different types of noninvasive biosensors and physiological signals collected are categorized and summarized. Then machine learning algorithms adopted in subsequent data processing are introduced and their practical applications in biosensors are reviewed. Finally, the challenges faced by machine learning‐reinforced biosensors are raised, including data privacy and adaptive learning capability, and their prospects in real‐time monitoring, out‐of‐clinic diagnosis, and onsite food safety detection are proposed.
The Delivery Challenge of Genome Editing in Human Epithelia
Authors: Calderón Marcelo , Hedtrich Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite exciting advances in gene editing, their clinical translation is still hampered by the lack of delivery systems that can encapsulate and deliver gene editing tools like CRISPR‐Cas9 or prime editors to the target side. This is particularly challenging in human epithelia, such as the skin and the lung; the latter of which being a mucosal surface that is covered by a mucus layer. In this perspective, the design and biological assessment of delivery systems for gene editing tools like CRISPR in skin and mucosal surfaces are discussed. The current state‐of‐the‐art, current knowledge, and translational gaps, and guide toward improved translation are highlighted.
Construction of Supercapacitor‐Based Ionic Diodes with Adjustable Bias Directions by Using Poly(ionic liquid) Electrolytes
Authors: Feng Jianze , Wang Yan , Xu Yongtai , Ma Hongyun , Wang Gaowei , Ma Pengjun , Tang Yu , Yan Xingbin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe newly emerging supercapacitor‐diode (CAPode), integrating the characteristics of a diode into an electrical‐double‐layer capacitor, can be employed to extend conventional supercapacitors to new technological applications and may play a crucial role in grid stabilization, signal propagation, and logic operations. However, the reported CAPodes have only been able to realize charge storage in the positive‐bias direction. Here, bias‐direction‐adjustable CAPodes realized by using a polycation‐based ionic liquid (IL) or a polyanion‐based IL as electrolyte in an asymmetric carbon‐based supercapacitor architecture are proposed. The resulting CAPodes exhibit charge‐storage function at only the positive‐ or negative‐bias direction with a high rectification ratio (≈80% for rectification ratio II, RRII) and an outstanding cycling life (4500 cycles), representing a crucial breakthrough for designing high‐performance capacitive ionic diodes.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Alkylation: A Tandem Approach to the Synthesis of Nonsymmetric N,N‐Dialkyl Acyl Hydrazides with Alcohols
Authors: Bettoni Léo , Joly Nicolas , Lohier Jean‐François , Gaillard Sylvain , Poater Albert , Renaud Jean‐Luc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe borrowing hydrogen strategy has been applied in the synthesis of nonsymmetric N,N‐dialkylated acyl hydrazides via a tandem three‐component reaction catalyzed by a phosphine free diaminocyclopentadienone ruthenium tricarbonyl complex. This strategy represents the first direct one‐pot approach to nonsymmetric functionalized acyl hydrazides. Different aromatic acyl hydrazides underwent dialkylation with a variety of primary or secondary alcohols and methanol or ethanol as alkylating agents in mild reaction conditions and good yields. Deuterium labelling experiments suggested that the primary or secondary alcohol was the hydrogen source in this tandem process. DFT calculations show that the combination of the tandem mixed product cannot be perfectly explained neither structurally nor electronically, but might be dependent of the physical state of the aldehyde or ketone intermediate (gaz vs. liquid) at the reaction temperature.magnified image
Elucidating the Role of Water‐Related Traps in the Operation of Polymer Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Iqbal Hamna F. , Waldrip Matthew , Chen Hu , McCulloch Iain , Jurchescu Oana D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConjugated polymers have gained momentum as serious contenders for next‐generation flexible electronics, but their susceptibility to water represents a major problem. Atmospheric water is ubiquitous and its inadvertent diffusion into polymeric devices generates charge carrier traps, reducing their performance and stability. A good understanding of the physical processes associated with the presence of water is therefore necessary in order to be able to suppress the related trapping events and enable stable, high‐performance devices. Here, evidence is shown that water introduces traps in the bandgap of organic semiconductors and the impact of these traps on the electrical properties of polymer organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) based on indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDT‐BT) is investigated. Monitoring device parameters and the trap density of states (t‐DOS) during moisture extrication reveals the existence of two types of water‐related traps: shallow traps originating from water inhabiting the voids of the polymer film and deeper traps arising from chemisorbed water present at the dielectric/polymer interface. A trap passivation method based on flame‐annealing is introduced to eliminate the interfacial traps. As a result, stable OFETs, with threshold voltage shifts less than ΔVth = −0.3 V and constant mobilities (<10% variation) after three months of storage, are fabricated.