bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic vulval problems: A gynaecologist’s perspective
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Shamsunder Saritha , Khanna Geetika , Khunger Neeti , Zutshi Vijay 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Chronic vulval symptoms are common complaints in women seeking health care and can significantly interfere with a woman’s sexual function and sense of well being. Many practitioners feel diagnostically challenged, particularly by chronic or recurrent forms of vulval disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of various diagnostic modalities in evaluation of chronic vulval symptoms.
Methods: Between August 2012 and February 2014, 100 women presenting with chronic vulval symptoms (i.e. ≥ 3 months duration) were evaluated. All of them had a thorough clinical history taken including use of vulval washes and creams, a general and gynaecological examination. Patients having chronic vaginal discharge in addition had urethral, vaginal and cervical smear and culture. All women had a careful examination of the vulva with and without magnification. Vulval scrape cytology was taken after moistening the vulva with normal saline and stained by Pap stain. Colposcopy of the vulva was then carried out after applying 5% acetic acid and 1% toluidine blue dye. Vulval biopsy was taken from suspicious areas on colposcopy and further management was based on histopathology report.
Results: The mean age of women in our study was 43.57 years (range 22-80 years.), 70% women were pre-menopausal and 30% were post-menopausal. The mean duration of symptoms was 1.625 years (range 6 months - 15 years) and atypical vulval hygiene practices (excessive washing with soaps) was used in 77% of women. The commonest presenting complaint was pruritus in 92% of women; visible lesions on vulva were seen in 20%, pain in 6% and burning sensation in vulva in 5% of women. The histopathology was abnormal in 77 patients; the most common histopathological finding was non-neoplastic epithelial disorders in 64 women {Squamous cell hyperplasia (n=52), Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicus (n=6), other dermatoses including lichen Planus (n=6)}. Vulvar Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (VIN) was seen in 6 patients, 5 were squamous type VIN and 1 was non-squamous type (Paget’s disease). Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 3 patients; malignant melanoma, benign appendiceal tumor, angiofibroma and neurofibroma in 1 patient. Examination without magnification had sensitivity of 25.97% and with magnification was 29.87% and specificity was 100% for both of them. Cytology had sensitivity and specificity of 75.32% and 86.95% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy was 77.92% and 17.39% respectively.
Conclusion: Clinical examination with and without magnification had low sensitivity but were highly specific in diagnosing vulvar lesions. A normal vulval smear and colposcopy have a high negative predictive value and are very reassuring. Colposcopy and biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, however clinical examination with naked eyes and magnifying glass are invaluable and can diagnose most of the neoplastic lesions.
A rare case of invasive mole following evacuation of molar pregnancy and its management
Authors: Gandhi Krati , Dahiya Pushpa 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a spectrum of abnormal growth and proliferation of trophoblasts that continue even beyond the end of pregnancy. It comprises of hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site tumor. Invasive mole (Choreoadenoma destruens) comprises about 5-8% of all GTD. It has invasive and destructive potentialities.
Case Report: We report a case of 22 yr old female, G3P0A2, with 3 months amenorrhea with c/o pain abdomen since 4 days with no c/o bleeding p/v, with raised level of β hcg after two spontaneous abortions. On clinical examination vitals were stable. P/A ut 16-18 wks, doughy feel, slight tender. P/V os closed, ut 16-18 wks, bpv+. Ultrasonography shows multicystic lesion in cervix and vagina with loss of fat planes with UB. β hcg level was more than 5,00,000. Suction evacuation was done and products sent for histopathology. MRI Pelvis was also done in which invasive mole was diagnosed. 4 doses of inj. Methotrexte f/b folinic acid was given but β hcg levels did not fall by log 10. On histopath there was no evidence of invasive mole but 2nd line chemotherapy (EMACO) was started on the basis of MRI findings. Patient has received 5 cycles of EMACO REGIME with β hcg level being followed and is on decreasing trend, has reached to 5.90 mIU/ml.
Conclusion: Patient of molar pregnancy should be followed regularly for early diagnosis of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease and adequate management as loss to follow up patients may land up into complications.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: Retrospective analysis of clinical profile, treatment pattern and outcome
Authors: Kaur Paramjeet , Chauhan Ashok K. , Khurana Anil , Verma Yashpal , Bansal Nupur 
Published: February 2021

Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of cellular proliferation arising from the placental villous trophoblast. Gestational triphoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a collective term for GTD that invade locally or metastasize. GTD includes hydatidiform mole (complete and partial) and GTN include invasive mole, choricocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epitheliod trophoblastic tumor.
Aim: To evaluate clinicopathological profile, treatment pattern and clinical outcome in patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).
Materials and Methods: Twelve cases of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated between 2012 to November 2015 in deptt of Radiotherapy – II, PGIMS, Rohtak were evaluated in this retrospective study. Data was analyzed on the basis of age, histopathology, stage, type of treatment received and treatment related toxicities. Disease free survival was estimated.
Results: Out of 12 women 7 (58 %) had hydatidiform mole, 4 (33%) invasive mole and 01 (8%) had choriocarcinoma. All the cases were given chemotherapy. Two patients had low risk disease. Among high risk group seven patients had score of less than 7 and five patients had risk score of 7 or higher. Five patients were given single agent methotrexate, seven patients received multidrug regimens. All patients are on regular follow up. One patient (high risk group) expired as she did not receive treatment.
Conclusion: GTN are rare and proliferative disorders with proper diagnosis and treatment most of the cases are amenable to treatment with favorable outcome.
Can initial grade of endometrial cancer presenting at Tata Medical Center, predict high risk factors which will require lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy?
Authors: Chakraborti Basumita , Ghosh Anik , Bhaumik Jaydip , Mukhopadhyay Asima 
Published: February 2021

Background: Pre-operative tumor grade influences the type of surgery planned for endometrial cancer, while the final grade affects the adjuvant therapy.
Aims and Objectives: To predict whether pre surgery tumour grade can predict tlymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy in endometriod endometrial cancer.
Methods: Retrospective observational study. Data was obtained from electronic hospital medical records system. All women with a diagnosis of endometrioid endometrial cancer who attended TMC, Kolkata between September 2011 and June 2015 included. Review of the histology was asked in all patients and MDT was planned for all patients. Most of the patients operated in TMC underwent standard pre-operative imaging work up like MRI pelvis and CT upper abdomen and chest evaluation. Staging/completion surgery included total hysterectomy, BSO, pelvic +/- para aortic lymphadenectomy +/- Omental biopsy. The surgico-pathological evaluation included histology, grade, myometrial invasion, adnexal involvement and nodal involvement.
Results: 155 patients had both initial and final histology. Of total 67 patients with initial grade 1 histology, 8 (12%) were upgraded to G2 and 1 (1.5%) was upgraded to G3. 35 patients with G2 disease 2 (5.7%) were upgraded to G3. Among 8 patients with G3, 7 continued to be G3. Of the 67 patients with initial grade 1, > 50% invasion was seen in 25 (37.3%). Of 35 patients with initial G2, > 50% myometrial invasion was seen in 13 (37.1%) patients. Among 8 initial G3 patients, > 50% invasion was seen in 3 (37.5%) patients. Of these 67 patients with grade 1, pelvic lymph nodes were involved in 4 (6%) patients. None of the grade 2 tumors had pelvic lymph node involvement. One (12.5%) out of 8 patients with initial G3 tumor had pelvic lymph node involvement. Recurrence was seen in 3/67 (4.5%) of G1 patients, 7/35 (20%) with G2 cases and 1/8 (12.5%) with G3 cases.
Conclusion: Patients with initial G1 disease, about 13% were upgraded. Recurrence rate increased with G2 patients. For all initial grade tumors the mymetrial involvement > 50% was 37%. For initial G1 patients the pelvic lymph node involvement was found to be 6%. For G3 tumor the pelvic lymph node involvement was 12.5%.
COVID-19 and Its Implications for Thrombosis and Anticoagulation
Authors: Berkman Samuel A. , Tapson Victor F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVenous thromboembolism, occlusion of dialysis catheters, circuit thrombosis in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices, acute limb ischemia, and isolated strokes, all in the face of prophylactic and even therapeutic anticoagulation, are features of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) coagulopathy. It seems well established at this time that a COVID-19 patient deemed sick enough to be hospitalized, should receive at least prophylactic dose anticoagulation. However, should some hospitalized patients have dosage escalation to intermediate dose? Should some be considered for full-dose anticoagulation without a measurable thromboembolic event and how should that anticoagulation be monitored? Should patients receive postdischarge anticoagulation and with what medication and for how long? What thrombotic issues are related to the various medications being used to treat this coagulopathy? Is antiphospholipid antibody part of this syndrome? What is the significance of isolated ischemic stroke and limb ischemia in this disorder and how does this interface with the rest of the clinical and laboratory features of this disorder? The aims of this article are to explore these questions and interpret the available data based on the current evidence.
The Effect of Lavender Oil on Perioperative Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep after Microvascular Breast Reconstruction: A Prospective, Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Shammas Ronnie L. , Marks Caitlin E. , Broadwater Gloria , Le Elliot , Glener Adam D. , Sergesketter Amanda R. , Cason Roger W. , Rezak Kristen M. , Phillips Brett T. , Hollenbeck Scott T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground Psychosocial distress, depression, or anxiety can occur in up to 50% of women after a breast cancer diagnosis and mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential benefit of lavender oil as a perioperative adjunct to improve anxiety, depression, pain, and sleep in women undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction.Methods This was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial of 49 patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction. Patients were randomized to receive lavender oil or placebo (coconut oil) throughout their hospitalization. The effect of lavender oil on perioperative stress, anxiety, depression, sleep, and pain was measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale, Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, and the visual analogue scale.Results Twenty-seven patients were assigned to the lavender group and 22 patients were assigned to the control group. No significant differences were seen in the perioperative setting between the groups with regard to anxiety (p = 0.82), depression (p = 0.21), sleep (p = 0.86), or pain (p = 0.30) scores. No adverse events (i.e., allergic reaction) were captured, and no significant differences in surgery-related complications were observed. When evaluating the entire cohort, postoperative anxiety scores were significantly lower than preoperative scores (p < 0.001), while depression scores were significantly higher postoperatively as compared with preoperatively (p = 0.005).Conclusion In the setting of microvascular breast reconstruction, lavender oil and aromatherapy had no significant adverse events or complications; however, there were no measurable advantages pertaining to metrics of depression, anxiety, sleep, or pain as compared with the control group.
Marketing response and temporal aggregation
Authors: Franses Philip Hans 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with inferring key parameters on marketing response at a true high frequency while data are partly or fully available only at a lower frequency aggregate levels. The familiar Koyck model turns out to be very useful for this purpose. Assuming this model for the high-frequency data makes it possible to infer the high-frequency parameters from modified Koyck type models when lower frequency data are available. This means that inference using the Koyck model is robust to temporal aggregation.
Delivery of mRNA vaccine with a lipid-like material potentiates antitumor efficacy through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , You Xinru , Wang Xiaojuan , Cui Lei , Wang Zining , Xu Feifei , Li Mengyun , Yang Zhenggang , Liu Jinyun , Huang Peng , Kang Yang , Wu Jun , Xia Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Our study has identified a minimalist nanovaccine with C1 lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that effectively promotes mRNA delivery and antigen presentation with a self-adjuvant feature through activating TLR4 signaling. The C1 LNP mRNA nanovaccine exhibited significant in vivo efficacy in both tumor prevention and therapeutic vaccine settings. Therefore, our work presents a mRNA nanovaccine platform for developing cancer immunotherapy for a wide range of tumor types.
Diel transcriptional oscillations of light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton communities
Authors: Coesel Sacha N. , Durham Bryndan P. , Groussman Ryan D. , Hu Sarah K. , Caron David A. , Morales Rhonda L. , Ribalet François , Armbrust E. Virginia 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Most organisms coordinate key biological events to coincide with the day/night cycle. These diel oscillations are entrained through the activity of light-sensitive photoreceptors that allow organisms to respond rapidly to changes in light exposure. In the ocean, the plankton community must additionally contend with dramatic changes in the quantity and quality of light over depth. Here, we show that the predominantly blue-light field in the open-ocean environment may have driven expansion of blue light-sensitive regulatory elements in open-ocean eukaryotic plankton derived from secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis. The diel transcription of genes encoding light-sensitive elements indicate that photosynthetic and heterotrophic marine protists respond to and anticipate fluctuating light conditions in the dynamic marine environment.
Stress granule formation, disassembly, and composition are regulated by alphavirus ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity
Authors: Jayabalan Aravinth Kumar , Adivarahan Srivathsan , Koppula Aakash , Abraham Rachy , Batish Mona , Zenklusen Daniel , Griffin Diane E. , Leung Anthony K. L. 
Published: February 2021

Significance
Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne RNA viruses that cause rash, arthritis, and neurologic disease. Despite a continued risk of outbreaks, there are no licensed interventions for any alphavirus. For progress in control, an understanding of the molecular targets that affect virus replication and virulence is essential. This paper characterizes a conserved macrodomain in the virulence factor nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). We discovered that the macrodomain ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity is critical for controlling the composition of cellular condensates, specifically through regulating the localization of translation factors, during viral infection. Given that this macrodomain is conserved across alphaviruses and coronaviruses and that the associated enzymatic activity is critical for virulence, our work may open avenues for developing a class of antiviral therapeutics.
Uncovering the left periphery of Etruscan
Authors: Samo Giuseppe , Canuti Massimiliano 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we attempt to address a
Restprache like Etruscan by means of
theoretical tools. This work approaches the syntax of Etruscan and
proposes a number of descriptive generalizations on its clausal
structure. Despite the intrinsic difficulty represented by the
fragmentary data, we provide some theory-driven insights to detect
pragmatic/semantic effects based on syntax. After having presented
the theoretical insights related to word order reorderings and
syntacticization, we shall discuss qualitative data from Etruscan.
We observe that modifications of the “canonical” word order might be
related to interpretative properties. Following the criterial
approach of scope-discourse semantics, we propose that the movement
of the verb in Etruscan adjacent to the fronted XP is the strategy
to realize the activated criterial position in the left periphery.
In the last part, we also discuss attested complementizers and their
mapping within the syntactic architecture.
Subject drop in how come questions in
English
Authors: Endo Yoshio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, I will discuss a novel phenomenon
which has not previously been discussed in the literature on
how come questions – namely the fact that they
can exhibit subject drop in diary-style English. I will first
introduce Haegeman’s
(1990) analysis of diary English with special attention
to subject drop. I will next show some facts that how
come questions can exhibit subject drop in diary-style
English and suggest a mechanism responsible for subject drop in
diary English. It will be shown that the same mechanism is used to
license the null subject in Old English. I will further deal with a
related but distinct question about the mechanism licensing an
argumental element in the lower topic position in Old English, as
opposed to Late Middle English. I will finally show that the same
mechanism responsible for subject drop is used in licensing null
Case in Japanese.
Causativity alternation in the lower field
Authors: Naji Mohamed 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We will argue in this paper that the lower field
of the sentence, little vP, is endowed with a new
functional category cause phrase (causP). We will severet
anticausativity from voice. We will propose that anticausative
morphology in standard Arabic (SA) is projected in syntax closer to
the root, between the root and v°. Our proposition has two important
consequences. The first one, it denies the existence of the strict
locality between a root and its categorizer. The second one, it
confirms that agentive and causer subjects will occupy different
hierarchical positions inside of the sentence (IP). We will see that
transcategorial derivations of derived nominals from the verb
conserves anticausative morphology, but it cannot do so with passive
morphology. This is a strong fact confirming the different syntactic
status of the two kinds of morphology. Moreover, the distribution of
agentive and causer subjects with subject oriented adverbs (SOA) and
manner adverbs (MA) shows an asymmetry between the two in linking
SOA and MA. We will explain this asymmetry between agent and causer
subjects by their different syntactic positions into the structure
of IP. Thereafter, we will extend our analysis to nominal events
too.
Towards a cartography of light verbs
Authors: Si Fuzhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A common goal shared by cartographic studies is
“to draw maps as precise and detailed as possible of syntactic
configurations” (Cinque &
Rizzi 2008). In the past two decades, a great progress
has been made in the study of peripheries of different domains such
as CP domain, VP domain and DP domain. The “more precise and
detailed” cartographic research goal enables us to rethink those
projections which believed to be single projections in earlier
theoretical models. A rich literature on peripheries have shown that
many of these superficial single projections are actually
abbreviations of much richer structural zones. For instance, the C
layer is split into Topic and Focus components (Rizzi 1997; Rizzi &
Bocci 2017) and Topic and Focus themselves are also conceived as
Topic “field” and Focus “field” (Benincà & Poletto 2004), encoding different and
hierarchically arranged topic elements or focus elements. Similarly,
this chapter suggests that “light verb” can also be further analyzed
as a “light verb field”, containing several layers of different
light verbs, conveying different information. Following this
tradition, also in light of Larson (1988, 2014), Harley
(2002), and Benincà
& Poletto (2004), the present chapter provides a
zoom-in/zoom-out mental magnifier for the study of various light
verb structures. One major assumption and two subsequent assumptions
are proposed: (1) Split light verb hypothesis: from a cartographic
point of view, the light verb “v” is not “ONE”
head, but an umbrella name of a rather “rich structural” zone, call
it “light verb field” or “light verb zone”. (2) About the argument
structure, it is proposed that in the complex light verb
constructions, the core of the predicate is not composed of one
single argument structure, but a chain of several argument
structures. (3) Correspondingly, the event structure can also be
looked at in more details in these structures: the idea is that in
the sentences contain chain argument structures, the event can also
be analyzed as a chain of event fragments, following rule-to-rule
correspondence principle.
Multiple counterparts of Mandarin qu (go) in
Teochew and their cartographic distributions
Authors: Luo Zhuosi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Qu (lit. go,
去
) in Mandarin is a thorny topic for syntactic
analyses, considering that it has multiple functions but only one
phonetic form, not to mention that Mandarin also has some other
complicated syntactic constructions intertwined in the discussions.
However, in Teochew, a variety of Southern Min, which boasts a
richer phonetic and phonological system, its counterparts of
Mandarin qu have different realizations, each
corresponding to different syntactic functions. Through analyzing
these different phonetic forms in Teochew and exploring their
cartographic distributions, this paper aims to provide a new view
from the perspective of Chinese dialect on the discussions on this
topic. In addition to Zhang’s (2016: 188–197) descriptive observations on two Teochew
counterparts of Mandarin qu – k’a
and k’u, this paper also discusses another
counterpart – k’ə, analyzes their syntactic
characteristics and finds out that their cartographic distributions
are located from the VP layer all the way up to the CP layer –
namely VP, vP, AspectP, TP and SAttP in the CP domain, demonstrating
a grammaticalization process. And k’u and
k’ə are the outcome of
morphological/phonological derivation from k’u.
Some crosslinguistic comparisons between Teochew, Old Chinese,
Mandarin Chinese and English are also made to make the picture
clearer.
Jan Blommaert, linguistic landscapes and complexity
Authors: Pennycook Alastair 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This tribute to the work of Jan Blommaert discusses his complex relation with the field of linguistic landscape studies. Blommaert was interested in the insights an understanding of the linguistic landscape could bring to better appreciate the ways people lived their diverse lives. This appreciation of the importance of his work focuses on his insistence on ethnographic work in order to understand complexity.