bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface grafting of silica nanoparticles using 3‐aminopropyl (triethoxysilane) to improve the CO2 absorption and enhance the gas consumption during the CO2 hydrate formation
Authors: Eslami Sina , Farhangdoost Behnam , Shahverdi Hamidreza , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, the surface of silica nanoparticles is modified using an organosilane (APTES: 3‐aminopropyl (Triethoxysilane)). The surface‐grafted nanosilica is employed as an additive to increase the CO2 storage capacity of gas hydrate. The hydrate formation experiments are performed to measure the amounts of stored gas in the hydrate phase in the presence of various aqueous mixtures, that is, APTES, silica, and the surface‐grafted nanosilica. The experiments are implemented for APTES with volume concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5%, grafted nanosilica with mass concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25%, and the nanosilica with mass fraction of 0.2%. The amounts of CO2 consumption, water to hydrate conversions, storage capacities, and apparent rate constants are obtained for all of the experiments. The results are compared with the formation of gas hydrate in the presence of pure water. The results indicate that the two concentrations of APTES have a slight positive effect (around 10% improvement) on the amount of CO2 consumption during the hydrate formation compared to the pure water. The surface‐grafted nanosilica leads to more CO2 consumption compared to the APTES and nanosilica for all concentrations. The maximum amount of stored CO2 and CO2 storage capacity are achieved by using surface‐grafted nanosilica with a mass fraction of 0.2%. The surface‐grafted nanosilica improves the CO2 storage about 42.6% in comparison with the pure water and 35% compared to the silica nanoparticles. Improvement of heat transfer, mass transfer, and CO2 absorption into the modified silica nanofluid results in an enhancement in the CO2 storage compared to the other mixtures. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orexin (hypocretin) mediates light‐dependent fluctuation of hippocampal function in a diurnal rodent
Authors: Soler Joel E. , Xiong Hang , Samad Faiez , Manfredsson Fredric P. , Robison Alfred J. , Núñez Antonio A. , Yan Lily 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnvironmental lighting conditions play a central role in cognitive function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Utilizing a diurnal rodent model, the Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus), we previously found that daytime light intensity affects hippocampal function in this species in a manner similar to its effects in humans. Compared to animals housed in a 12:12 h bright light–dark (brLD) cycle, grass rats kept in a 12:12 h dim light–dark (dimLD) cycle showed impaired spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) and reduced CA1 apical dendritic spine density. The present study explored the neural substrates mediating the effects of daylight intensity on hippocampal function focusing on the hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) system. First, animals housed in dimLD were treated with daily intranasal administration of orexin A peptide over five training days of the MWM task. Compared to vehicle controls, this treatment led to superior spatial memory accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II α and glutamate receptor 1 within the CA1. To assess the role of hippocampal orexinergic signaling, an adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV) expressing an orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) shRNA was injected into the dorsal hippocampus targeting the CA1 of animals housed in brLD. AAV‐mediated knockdown of OX1R within the hippocampus resulted in deficits in MWM performance and reduced CA1 apical dendritic spine density. These results are consistent with the view that the hypothalamic orexinergic system underlies the modulatory role of daytime illumination on hippocampal function in diurnal mammals.
Water level induced changes of habitat quality determine fish community composition in restored and modified riverbanks of a large alpine river
Authors: Pander Joachim , Nagel Christoffer , Ingermann Hannah , Geist Juergen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBank habitats provide important functions for riverine fish. Yet, they have been heavily modified by land use, technical flood protection measures, and hydropower installations. Fish species requiring specific habitats to complete their life cycle have strongly declined and therefore become target species of river restoration measures. This study compared abiotic conditions and fish community composition of three bank habitat types in a large alpine river, comprising different degrees of alteration compared to the natural state (concrete profile, bank riprap, and naturally restored riverbank). Significant differences in abiotic habitat characteristics such as bed material, water depth, turbidity, submerged vegetation, and temperature were detected between the three bank habitat types and sampling seasons. These water level‐dependent structural changes had the strongest effect on fish community composition as detected by distance‐based linear modeling. Small specimens between 3 and 13 cm TL and juveniles were most abundant in the restored areas, except for Lota lota, which was most abundant in the man‐made bank riprap. Target species of conservation were mostly detected in restored areas, particularly the critical young life stages of Chondrostoma nasus, Barbus barbus, and Thymallus thymallus. Water level strongly determined accessibility and suitability of bank habitats, with shallow, gravel‐dominated habitats comprising flat bank angles being most beneficial for these species. The findings of this study provide evidence for the success of bank habitat restoration in structurally impacted alpine rivers on target species of conservation. Fluctuating water levels and discharges typical for alpine rivers should be better considered in restoration planning, particularly in light of climate change, affecting the timing and amplitude of discharge in these systems.
Comparison of group 14 elements in sp3 and sp2 environment by fragment structure energy analysis
Authors: Nakamura Taiji , Uchiyama Tamotsu , Kudo Takako 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo explore the characteristics of group 14 elements in sp3 and sp2 hybrid environments systematically, the concept of fragment structure energy (FSE) was proposed through ab initio molecular orbital method. A fragment in this study means a building block of molecular structure and the energy of each kind of fragments (FSE) is obtained from the total electronic energy of different size of model compounds by just a simple algebraic method. The model compounds are the hydrogen‐terminated diamond and graphene analogs as the typical compounds in the ideal sp3‐ and sp2‐environment, respectively. As a result, the sp3 environment was found to be more stable than the sp2 for all the group 14 elements (C–Pb) in the ideal hybrid environment. Furthermore, a mixing effect of carbon and heavier group 14 elements (E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) was investigated by comparing the E/C‐alternately mixed‐ and the pure FSEs.
A case study on a severe paranoid personality disorder client treated with metacognitive interpersonal therapy
Authors: Cheli Simone , Cavalletti Veronica , Popolo Raffaele , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractParanoid personality disorder (PPD) is a severe condition, lacking specialized and empirically supported treatment. To provide the clinician with insights into how to treat this condition, we present a case study of a 61‐year‐old man with severe PPD who presented with ideas of persecution, emotionally charged hostility, and comorbid antisocial personality disorder. The client was treated with 6 months of Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy, which included: creating a shared formulation of his paranoid attitudes; trying to change his inner self‐image of self‐as‐inadequate and his interpersonal schemas where he saw the others as threatening. Guided imagery and rescripting techniques, coupled with behavioral experiments, were used to promote a change. At the end of the therapy the client reported a reliable change in general symptomatology and, specifically, in interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and paranoid ideation; he could no longer be diagnosed as PPD and only some paranoid and antisocial characteristics remained.
Transient shifts in hydraulic retention times improve the methane production from ruminal hydrolysates of agave bagasse
Authors: Vital‐Jácome Miguel , Barragán‐Trinidad Martín , Buitrón Germán , Quijano Guillermo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDValorization of lignocellulosic wastes such as agave bagasse from tequila industries can be enhanced using efficient biomass pretreatments. However, the next challenge requires finding the best process conditions to produce methane and remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the pretreatment hydrolysates. In this work, an innovative feeding strategy based on alternating hydraulic retention times (HRT) was investigated to improve methane production from ruminal hydrolysates of Agave tequilana bagasse.RESULTSThe ruminal hydrolysate provided a substrate rich in volatile fatty acids (VFA) for direct use in the methanogenic process. The alternating feeding strategy increased the volumetric methane production rate by up to 25% (from 0.76 ± 0.05 to 0.95 ± 0.03 L CH4 L−1 d−1) compared to operating at a constant feeding rate, equivalent HRT of 15 h, and organic loading rate (OLR) of 8 g COD L−1 d−1. The alternating HRT operation improved VFA conversion without modifying the methane yield, and the COD removal was increased by 14%. The system stability, measured through the alkalinity index, was maintained during the proposed feeding strategy and after the increase in OLR.CONCLUSIONThe proposed feeding strategy is a promising tool for improving methane production from agave bagasse hydrolysates. The strategy was robust and easy to apply, which could expand its use for a wider variety of substrates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Unusual sonographic appearance of breast cancer metastasis to the pectoralis muscle
Authors: Sim Woo Yeol , Park Noh Hyuck , Kwon Tae Jung 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. It frequently metastasizes to the lungs, liver, and bone. Breast cancer metastasis to skeletal muscles is rare. Chest wall recurrence in patients that have undergone mastectomy is the most frequent form of local recurrence, and it is generally accompanied by nodules or masses on the chest wall. Here, we describe a case of the unusual appearance of invasive lobular cancer metastasis to the pectoral muscles without discrete nodules or masses in a patient who had undergone mastectomy 12 years ago.
Positive wellbeing and resilience following adolescent victimisation: An exploration into protective factors across development
Authors: Armitage Jessica M. , Wang Rui Adele , Davis Oliver S. P. , Collard Philip , Haworth Claire M. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNot all victims of bullying go on to develop problems with their mental health. To understand factors that may confer resilience, many have explored the moderating role of protective factors in relation to mental illness. No study to date, however, has considered moderators of adult wellbeing following victimisation. We explore 14 protective factors and test whether these promote good adult wellbeing in addition to prevent mental illness following victimisation. In doing so, we aimed to understand how positive mental health and resilience can be promoted.MethodsData were derived from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants were assessed for wellbeing and depressive symptoms at age 23, as well as victimisation in adolescence, and protective factors across development. Protective factors were categorised into individual‐, family‐ and peer‐level, and included factors like social skills, perceived school competence, and relationships with family and peers. The moderating role of the protective factors were examined using interactive regression models.ResultsPerceived scholastic competence was the only factor that mitigated some of the negative effects of victimisation. Individuals with higher perceptions of scholastic competence had higher wellbeing in adulthood than victims with lower perceptions of competence. No protective factors positively moderated life satisfaction or the risk of depressive symptoms; although findings suggest that friendships in late adolescence may be protective for individuals exposed to less frequent victimisation.ConclusionsOur study is the first to explore a wide range of protective factors in predicting adult wellbeing following victimisation. We identify factors involved specifically in supporting wellbeing but not in reducing the risk of depression. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing perceptions of scholastic competence in childhood may help to support more positive wellbeing in adulthood.
A qualitative assessment of parental experiences with false‐positive newborn screening for Krabbe disease
Authors: Peterson Laiken , Siemon Amy , Olewiler Leah , McBride Kim L. , Allain Dawn C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNumerous US states have implemented newborn screening for Krabbe disease (Krabbe NBS) as a result of legislative state mandates. While healthcare provider opinions toward Krabbe NBS have been documented, few studies have explored parental experiences and opinions regarding Krabbe NBS. Eleven families, who received a false‐positive Krabbe NBS result and received genetic counseling at an institution in central Ohio, were consented to participate in semistructured interviews. Interviews explored parents’ experiences throughout the NBS process and ascertained their opinions regarding Krabbe NBS. Three major themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) improved understanding of the NBS process from a parent perspective, (2) the role of healthcare provider communication, and (3) the value of Krabbe NBS. Parents saw value in Krabbe NBS, despite many disclosing emotional distress and uncertainty throughout the NBS process. Parent experiences throughout the NBS process varied widely. Due to the expressed emotional distress, further research assessing effective communication during the NBS process is warranted. The researchers suggest additional NBS education for non‐genetics healthcare providers (i.e., nurses or primary care physicians) and further participation of genetic counselors in the NBS process may benefit families with a positive Krabbe NBS result.
Raman spectroscopic search for scytonemin and gloeocapsin in endolithic colonizations in large gypsum crystals
Authors: Němečková Kateřina , Culka Adam , Němec Ivan , Edwards Howell G. M. , Mareš Jan , Jehlička Jan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRock‐dwelling microorganisms are frequently exposed to intense UV‐radiation, and thus, they synthesize specialized UV‐protective pigments. In this study, Raman microspectrometry was used for analysis of noncarotenoid UV‐protective pigments of dark‐pigmented endolithic colonization found in gypsum outcrops from three areas (Sicily, Poland and Israel). Samples were investigated using 445‐, 532‐ and 780‐nm excitation lasers. Two noncarotenoid UV‐protective pigments scytonemin and gloeocapsin were detected in all studied sites. Major Raman bands of scytonemin were found at around 1593, 1552, 1438 and 1173 cm−1. Gloeocapsin shows characteristic Raman bands similar to anthraquinone‐based parietin of lichens: at 1665, 1575, 1378, 1310 and 465 cm−1. Scytonemin and gloeocapsin are highly specific for cyanobacteria and therefore can be used as biomarkers of certain taxa of cyanobacteria. Detection of such pigments by Raman spectroscopy using three excitation wavelengths allows to gather more information about the composition of endolithic consortia using relatively fast and noninvasive methods and in their natural habitats.
Effects of phytase and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets in Ca‐ and P‐deficient dietary
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wen XiaoLu , Xiao Hao , Hou Lei , Wang Xinlei , Huang Yujian , Lin Yingcai , Zheng Chuntian , Wang Li , Jiang Zongyong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe beneficial function of phytase and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (HyD) on the feed utilization rate has been widely investigated. However, studies concerning its influence on weaned piglets largely lag behind. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and HyD supplementation on the growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets under dietary Ca and P deficiency.RESULTSThe results showed that dietary Ca and P deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) the content of serum P in 6–10 kg piglets, as well as reducing (P < 0.05) the contents of serum Ca and P, average daily gain (ADG), bone mineral density (BMD), breaking force (BF), bone ash and femur Ca in 10–20 kg piglets. Compared with the control group, the feed‐to‐gain ratio (F/G) of 6–10 kg piglets in the Phy group was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the ADG, blood Ca and P, BMD, BF, bone ash, P apparent digestibility, Ca and P retention rate of 10–20 kg piglets were increased (P < 0.05). The contents of serum osteocalcin and HyD in 6–10 kg piglets and ADG were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), as well as the contents of serum Ca and HyD in 10–20 kg piglets in the HyD treatment group. Supplementation with both Phy and HyD decreased the F/D (P < 0.05) and increased the contents of serum Ca, P and HyD in 6–10 kg piglets as well as enhancing the ADG, BMD, BF, bone ash, femur Ca and P, serum Ca and P, HyD, and the apparent digestibility and retention of Ca and P (P < 0.05) in 10–20 kg piglets. Supplementation with Phy and HyD in Ca‐ and P‐deficient dietary decreased bone resorption, and improved tight arrangement of collagen fibers and oblique fibers in weaned piglets.CONCLUSIONThese data indicated that supplementation with both 1500 U kg−1 Phy and 50 μg kg−1 HyD could enhance dietary Ca and P utilization and promote bone development in low Ca and P dietary, and supplementation with both Phy and HyD had a significant synergy effect compared to single supplement. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Biomimicry of Blue Morpho butterfly wings: An introduction to nanotechnology through an interdisciplinary science education module
Authors: Kirya Paula , Chen Eric , Achterman Marina , Eugenio Kelli , Beshir Zekaria , Ngoy Natalie , Siddique Radwanul Hasan , Cakmak Atilla Ozgur , Ashcroft Jared 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBiomimicry is the practice of imitating naturally occurring bio‐designs through engineering and invention. For instance, Blue Morpho butterfly wing colors are a result of the reflection and refraction of nanostructures embedded in the wing and have inspired practical applications in nanofabrication and photonics. Interdisciplinary science educational materials have been developed that demonstrate the cross‐disciplinary aspects and biomimetic properties used in designing nano‐based devices. The unique optical properties of the Blue Morpho wing provides an excellent source of demonstrating how aspects of chemistry, biology, physics, and nanotechnology relate. Specifically, these educational tools demonstrate concepts including natural selection, chemical and physical properties, structure at the nanoscale, optical, and electromagnetic design. In addition, the engaging activities are correlated to how nanotechnology drives invention and provides students a mechanism to be introduced to the possibilities nanotechnology provides. A comprehensive combination of lab, cleanroom, and classroom activities are suggested to promote remote learning.
The additional diagnostic impact of positron emission tomography–computed tomography for lymph node metastasis from colorectal cancer: A prospective lymph node level analysis
Authors: Todate Yukitoshi , Honda Michitaka , Takada Toshihiko , Saginoya Toshiyuki , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Hamada Koichi , Nakayama Yujiro , Kawamura Hidetaka , Takano Yoshinao , Hashimoto Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a prospective study to determine the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) for lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsWe enrolled patients scheduled to receive curative surgery with lymph node dissection for colorectal adenocarcinoma who underwent contrast‐enhanced abdominopelvic CT and PET‐CT before surgery and who had primary lesions of cT2 or deeper. A radiologist determined the fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and the standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic volume (MV) to diagnose metastasis in cases with enlarged lymph nodes (≥7 mm long in minor diameter) on contrast‐enhanced CT. Two gastrointestinal surgeons intraoperatively identified target lymph nodes to assess the association between images and pathological findings. The diagnostic performance (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values) for lymph node metastasis was determined using multilevel logistic modeling.ResultsA total of 205 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled from February 2018 to April 2020 and 194 patients were analyzed in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of PET‐CT were 15.3% (13.4%–17.5%), 100.0% (99.0%–100.0%), 100.0% (51.2%–100.0%), and 98.7% (98.5%–99.0%), respectively.ConclusionPET‐CT is a useful modality for determining the presence of metastasis in swollen lymph nodes on contrast‐enhanced CT in colorectal cancer patients.
Tympanostomies and tonsillar surgery in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Finland
Authors: Haapanen Marjut , Renko Marjo , Artama Miia , Manninen Iida‐Kaisa , Mattila Ville M. , Uimonen Mikko , Ponkilainen Ville , Kuitunen Ilari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of social restrictions due to COVID‐19 on the number of tympanostomies and tonsillar surgeries in children.MethodsIncidences were calculated per 100 000 children for tonsillar surgery and tympanostomies in 2020 and compared to the mean incidence of referral years 2017 to 2019 by incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Median waiting times were also compared.ResultsBefore the lockdown, tonsillar surgery incidence was 33.4/100000 (IRR 1.14, CI 0.76‐1.71) in February 2020. After the lockdown began, the incidence of tonsillar surgery was 1.4/100000 (IRR 0.04, CI 0.01‐0.15) in April. In June, tonsillar operation incidence started to increase (20.4 per 100 000). The incidence of tympanostomies was 81% lower (IRR 0.19, CI 0.09‐0.39) in April 2020 and 61% lower (IRR 0.39, CI 0.22‐0.69) in August 2020 than in 2017‐2019. These incidence rates remained lower all year (December 2020 IRR 0.13, CI 0.05‐0.33). Median waiting time for tonsillar surgery was 3.3 months in 2020 and 1.6 months in 2017 to 2019; P <.001, and for tympanostomies 1.3 months in 2020 and 1.0 months in 2017 to 2019, P <.001. The referral rate to otorhinolaryngology during the severest restrictions was 35% lower in April and May 2020 compared with the reference years.ConclusionThis study suggests that the restrictions against COVID‐19 reduced the incidence rates of tonsil surgery and tympanostomies in children. Also, the lockdown and cancellations of elective operations in spring 2020 led to increased waiting times. These findings may help in preparing for future pandemics.Level of evidence: Level 3.