bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential features of the fifth wave of COVID-19 associated with vaccination and the Delta variant in a reference hospital in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Iftimie Simona , López-Azcona Ana F. , Lozano-Olmo Maria José , Hernández-Aguilera Anna , Sarrà-Moretó Salvador , Joven Jorge , Camps Jordi , Castro Antoni 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Spain has suffered five waves of infection, the latter being related to the expansion of the Delta variant and with a high incidence. A vaccination campaign began in December 2020 and by the end of the fifth wave 77.3% of people had been fully vaccinated. Understanding the impact of these new characteristics on COVID-19 is essential for public health strategies. Our objective was to ascertain any differences in the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients during that period compared to previous waves. We found that patients in the fifth wave were considerably younger than before and the mortality rate fell from 22.5 to 2.0%. Admissions to the Intensive Care Unit decreased from 10 to 2%. Patients in the fifth wave had fewer comorbidities, and the age of the patients who died was higher than those who survived. Our results show a marked improvement in patient outcomes in the fifth wave, suggesting success of the vaccination campaign despite the explosion in cases due to the Delta variant.
Public awareness and support for use of wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring: A community survey in Louisville, Kentucky
Authors: Holm Rochelle H. , Brick J. Michael , Amraotkar Alok R. , Hart Joy L. , Mukherjee Anish , Zeigler Jacob , Bushau-Sprinkle Adrienne M. , Anderson Lauren B. , Walker Kandi L. , Talley Daymond , Keith Rachel J. , Rai Shesh N. , Palmer Kenneth E. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Smith Ted 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe majority of sewer systems in the United States and other countries, are operated by public utilities. In the absence of any regulation, public perception of monitoring wastewater for population health biomarkers is an important consideration for a public utility commission when allocating resources for this purpose. In August 2021, we conducted a survey as part of an ongoing COVID-19 community prevalence study in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY. The survey comprised of seven questions about awareness of and privacy concerns and was sent to 32,000 households randomly distributed within the county. A total of 1,220 sampled adults participated in the probability sample, and 981 were used in analysis. A total of 2,444 adults additionally responded in the convenience sample, and 1,751 were used in analysis. The samples were weighted to produce estimates representative of all adults in the county. Public awareness of tracking COVID-19 virus in the sewers was low. Opinions about how data from this activity are shared strongly supported public disclosure of monitoring results. Responses showed more support for measuring the largest areas (>30,000 to 50,000 households) typically representing population levels found in a community or regional wastewater treatment plant. Those who had a history of COVID-19 infection were more likely to support highly localized monitoring. Understanding wastewater surveillance strategies and thresholds of privacy concerns requires in-depth, comprehensive analysis of public opinion for continued success and efficacy of public health monitoring.Graphic for Table of Contents (TOC)/Abstract Art
The mediating role of parental playfulness on parent–child relationship and competence among parents of children with ASD
Authors: Roy Rini Grace , Kumar Aneesh 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The difficulties of a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can lead to behaviours that are quite challenging for parents to understand and address. Most of the parental studies of ASD focus on the challenges faced by the parents. This study aims to adopt a strength-based model that investigates the mediating role of parental playfulness in the association between parent–child relationship and parental competence.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a quantitative study that adopts a correlational research design. The mediation analysis explores the role of parental playfulness as a mediator in the association between parent–child relationship and parental competence. The sample consisted of 120 parents of children diagnosed with ASD from India, selected using a purposive sampling technique.

Findings
The mediation analysis results indicate that playfulness among parents of children with ASD was found to function as a partial mediator in the relationship between parent–child relationship and parental competence. This could suggest that more playful parents have better parent–child relationships and are competent in parenting.

Research limitations/implications
These findings have importance in understanding the role of playful interaction on parent–child relationships and parenting competence, having implications for further research. Enabling playfulness in parenting will enhance children and parents to promote their relationship and thus feel competent to bring positive light in their lives.

Practical implications
Most often, the clinicians are concerned with addressing only the autistic symptoms; it is also essential to look into parental well-being. Practical playful interaction training should help parents establish a rapport, understand, adjust and adapt with their child.

Social implications
Practical intervention and training plans can be suggested to all family members to improve the condition of the child and the family’s general well-being. As the study focused on the clinical population, the findings could provide useful inputs for mental health professionals and counsellors.

Originality/value
There are some theoretical and empirical evidence that support positive outcomes of playfulness on personal well-being (Atzaba Poria, in press; Yue et al., 2016; Proyer, 2014). Although there has been some interest in the impact of children’s playfulness on their development (Bundy, 1997), little is known about the influence of parental playfulness on parents and children. Therefore, addressing these gaps, this empirical study focusses on investigating the role of parental playfulness in parent–child relationship and parental competence, rather than considering external challenges of parents based on the ASD child’s behavioural challenges and autistic features.
Analysts’ cash flow forecasts informativeness, financial distress and auditor quality
Authors: Papadaki Afroditi , Pavlopoulou-Lelaki Olga-Chara 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the sophistication (accuracy, bias, informativeness for changes in accruals) and market pricing of analysts’ cash flow forecasts for Eurozone listed firms and the effects of financial distress and auditor quality.

Design/methodology/approach
Accuracy/bias is investigated using analysts’ cash flow forecast errors. The naïve extrapolation model is used to examine the forecasts’ informativeness for working capital changes. A total return model is used to examine value-relevance. This study controls for the forecast horizon, using the Altman z-score and a BigN/industry specialization auditor indicator to proxy for distress and auditor quality, respectively.

Findings
Analysts efficiently adjust earnings forecasts for depreciation during cash flow forecast formation but fail to efficiently incorporate working capital changes. Findings indicate cash flow forecasts’ accuracy improves for distressed firms and firms of high auditor quality, attributed to analyst conservatism and accounting choices and more accurate earnings forecasts, respectively. Cash flow forecasts’ value-relevance increases for distressed firms, particularly those of high auditor quality and timely forecasts.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to examine analysts’ cash flow forecasts taking into consideration financial distress and auditor quality, controlling for the analyst forecast horizon.
Artificial intelligence (AI) for tourism: an European-based study on successful AI tourism start-ups
Authors: Filieri Raffaele , D’Amico Elettra , Destefanis Alessandro , Paolucci Emilio , Raguseo Elisabetta 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe travel and tourism industry (TTI) could benefit the most from artificial intelligence (AI), which could reshape this industry. This study aims to explore the characteristics of tourism AI start-ups, the AI technological domains financed by Venture Capitalists (VCs), and the phases of the supply chain where the AI domains are in high demand.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a database of the European AI start-ups operating in the TTI from the Crunchbase database (2005–2020). The authors used start-ups as the unit of analysis as they often foster radical change. The authors complemented quantitative and qualitative methods.FindingsAI start-ups have been mainly created by male Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics graduates between 2015 and 2017. The number of founders and previous study experience in non-start-up companies was positively related to securing a higher amount of funding. European AI start-ups are concentrated in the capital town of major tourism destinations (France, UK and Spain). The AI technological domains that received more funding from VCs were Learning, Communication and Services (i.e. big data, machine learning and natural language processing), indicating a strong interest in AI solutions enabling marketing automation, segmentation and customisation. Furthermore, VC-backed AI solutions focus on the pre-trip and post-trip.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study focussing on digital entrepreneurship, specifically VC-backed AI start-ups operating in the TTI. The authors apply, for the first time, a mixed-method approach in the study of tourism entrepreneurship.
On the link between U.S.‐China commodity trade and exchange rate uncertainty: An asymmetric analysis
Authors: Xu Jia , Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Karamelikli Huseyin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious studies that assessed the impact of exchange rate volatility on Chinese trade flows reported mixed findings. They all have assumed that the effects are symmetric. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of asymmetric effects of the real yuan–dollar volatility on the trade flows of 84 2‐digit industries that trade between the two countries. We show that estimating asymmetric and nonlinear models for each industry yields much more significant outcomes than estimating symmetric and linear models. We find that trade flows of 2/3rd of industries are affected asymmetrically in the short run. Short‐run effects last into asymmetric adverse long‐run effects in 35 U.S. exporting industries (with export share of 45%) to China and in 44 Chinese exporting industries (with 76% export share) to the U.S. Since increased volatility hurts a significant share of both countries' exports, a stable yuan–dollar rate as well as inflation rate will benefit both countries in the long run.
Clozapine treatment and risk of severe COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Ohlis Anna , Sörberg Wallin Alma , Sarafis Anna , Sjöqvist Hugo , MacCabe James H. , Ahlen Johan , Dalman Christina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether patients with clozapine treatment are at an increased risk of a more severe COVID‐19 infection as compared with patients on other antipsychotic drugs.MethodsIn this register‐based cohort study, all residents (age 18 or older) in the Stockholm Region with a psychotic disorder diagnosis and antipsychotic treatment were included (N = 8 233) and followed from 1 March 2020 to 14 January 2021. The exposure was defined as clozapine treatment and the outcome measures (indicating a more severe COVID‐19 infection) were: inpatient care, care within intensive care unit or death due to COVID‐19 infection. Differences in outcome rates between exposed (n = 966) and unexposed (other antipsychotics; n = 7 267) were examined using Cox proportional hazards models and expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsNo statistically significant differences in outcome rates were found between the two groups of patients after adjusting for age, sex and residence in retirement homes. The adjusted HR for the exposed compared to the unexposed was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.70) for inpatient care; 1.69 (0.48, 5.93) for care in intensive care unit (ICU); and 0.86 (0.26, 2.80) for death. Regarding inpatient care, additional adjusting for country of birth, living in socioeconomically vulnerable areas, number of care visits during the previous year, and comorbid medical illnesses did not alter the results.ConclusionsOur results may add support to the present guidelines, recommending sustained clozapine treatment during the current COVID‐19 pandemic with careful monitoring and readiness to alter drug doses as needed.
Ethnic and regional differences in the temporal trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in New Zealand
Authors: Matti Bashar , Chapman David , Zargar‐Shoshtari Kamran 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (Pca) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in New Zealand (NZ) men and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. Temporal changes in Pca incidence and mortality have not been reported despite changes in the Pca landscape. This study aims to analyse the temporal trends in Pca with focus on ethnic and regional variations.MethodsThe study cohort was identified from the NZ Cancer Registry and the mortality collection databases. Men who were diagnosed with Pca between 2000 and 2018 were included in the incidence analysis. Men who died from Pca between 2000 and 2015 were included in the mortality analysis. Other data collected were ethnicity and geographical information. Pca incidence and mortality were calculated as age‐standardized rates using the 2001 World Health Organization population.ResultsA total of 58 966 men were diagnosed (incidence: 105.2 per 100 000) and 14 749 men died (mortality: 49.3 per 100 000) from Pca. When compared to European men, Māori and Asian men had significantly lower Pca incidence. Mortality rates demonstrated a steady decline, which was more prominent until 2010. Māori and Pacific men had higher mortality rates when compared to European men. In most recent years, the difference in mortality is decreasing for Māori but increasing for Pacific men. There were no regional differences in mortality.ConclusionPca incidence in NZ has fluctuated over the last 20 years, while mortality rates have shown to steadily decline. Pca mortality was shown to disproportionately affect Māori and Pacific men.
Logistic regression analysis of two‐phase studies using generalized method of moments
Authors: Kundu Prosenjit , Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo‐phase designs can reduce the cost of epidemiological studies by limiting the ascertainment of expensive covariates or/and exposures to an efficiently selected subset (phase‐II) of a larger (phase‐I) study. Efficient analysis of the resulting data set combining disparate information from phase‐I and phase‐II, however, can be complex. Most of the existing methods, including semiparametric maximum‐likelihood estimator, require the information in phase‐I to be summarized into a fixed number of strata. In this paper, we describe a novel method for the analysis of two‐phase studies where information from phase‐I is summarized by parameters associated with a reduced logistic regression model of the disease outcome on available covariates. We then setup estimating equations for parameters associated with the desired extended logistic regression model, based on information on the reduced model parameters from phase‐I and complete data available at phase‐II after accounting for nonrandom sampling design. We use generalized method of moments to solve overly identified estimating equations and develop the resulting asymptotic theory for the proposed estimator. Simulation studies show that the use of reduced parametric models, as opposed to summarizing data into strata, can lead to more efficient utilization of phase‐I data. An application of the proposed method is illustrated using the data from the U.S. National Wilms Tumor Study.
Latent classes of aggression and peer victimization: Measurement invariance and differential item functioning across sex, race‐ethnicity, cohort, and study site
Authors: Bettencourt Amie F. , Musci Rashelle J. , Masyn Katherine E. , Farrell Albert D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeer victimization is common and linked to maladjustment. Prior research has typically identified four peer victimization subgroups: aggressors, victims, aggressive‐victims, and uninvolved. However, findings related to sex and racial‐ethnic differences in subgroup membership have been mixed. Using data collected in September of 2002 and 2003, this study conducted confirmatory latent class analysis of a racially‐ethnically diverse sample of 5415 sixth graders (49% boys; 50.6% Black; 20.9% Hispanic) representing two cohorts from 37 schools in four U.S. communities to replicate the four subgroups and evaluate measurement invariance of latent class indicators across cohort, sex, race‐ethnicity, and study site. Results replicated the four‐class solution and illustrated that sociodemographic differences in subgroup membership were less evident after accounting for differential item functioning.
Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection in reducing deltoid muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Shin Sun Hye , Park Su Jung , Yeoum Seung Hoon , Youn Choon Shik , Park Kui Young 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the increasing demand for body contouring, botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is being widely used off‐label for muscular hypertrophy. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the clinical efficacy of BTX type A (BTX‐A) in deltoid muscle hypertrophy. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramuscular injection of BTX in reducing deltoid muscle hypertrophy. Overall, 10 patients with bilateral deltoid muscle hypertrophy were treated with an intramuscular injection of prabotulinum toxin A, with a total of 50 units [U] administered per patient. As measured by ultrasonography, the thickness of the deltoid muscles was significantly decreased at weeks 2 and 12. In addition, the clinical assessment score by blinded investigators was improved after the treatment; however, patients' satisfaction scores were relatively low. No major complications were reported. Therefore, intramuscular injection of BTX‐A seems to be a candidate for novel treatment option for deltoid muscle hypertrophy. Further larger clinical studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of BTX‐A.
Double immune reconstitution therapy: Cladribine after alemtuzumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Adamec Ivan , Jovanović Ivan , Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Habek Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeAlemtuzumab, a monoclonal anti‐CD52 antibody, and cladribine, a purine nucleoside analogue, are used for the treatment of highly active relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Both are administered as two short yearly courses but possess the ability to induce long‐term remission, labeling them as immune reconstitution therapies. Although disease activity after alemtuzumab administration is rare, there are a small number of people with MS who will experience disease activity despite repeated alemtuzumab treatment.MethodsWe report on six patients with MS who experienced disease activity after alemtuzumab and were subsequently treated with cladribine and followed up for up to 2 years.ResultsNone of the patients experienced relapses during the follow‐up period and in all patients Expanded Disability Status Scale values remained unchanged. All patients had lymphopenia at one time point. In patients 1 and 2, at the nadir, the lymphopenia was grade 1, in patient 3 it was grade 2 and in patients 5 and 6 it was grade 3. No infections or malignancies were recorded during the follow‐up.ConclusionThis report provides a framework for treating people with MS with sequential immune reconstitution therapies.
Temporary Allee effects among non‐stationary recruitment dynamics in depleted gadid and flatfish populations
Authors: Tirronen Maria , Perälä Tommi , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany considerably declined fish populations have not fully recovered despite reductions in fishing pressure. One of the possible causes of impaired recovery is the (demographic) Allee effect. To investigate whether low‐abundance recruitment dynamics can switch between compensation and depensation, the latter implying the presence of the Allee effect, we analysed the stock–recruitment time series of 17 depleted cod‐type and flatfish populations using a Bayesian change point model. The recruitment dynamics were represented with the sigmoidal Beverton–Holt and the Saila–Lorda stock–recruitment models, allowing the parameters of the models to shift at a priori unknown change points. Our synthesis study questions the common assumption that recruitment is stationary and compensatory and the high amount of scatteredness often present in stock–recruitment data is only due to random variation. When a moderate amount of such variation was assumed, stock–recruitment dynamics were best explained by a non‐stationary model for 53% of the populations, which suggests that these populations exhibit temporal changes in the stock–recruitment relationship. For four populations, we found shifts between compensation and depensation, suggesting the presence of temporary Allee effects. However, the evidence of Allee effects was highly dependent on the priors of the stock–recruitment model parameters and the amount of random variation assumed. Nonetheless, detection of changes in low‐abundance recruitment is essential in stock assessment since such changes affect the renewal ability of the population and, ultimately, its sustainable harvest limits.
Efficacy of a calcium‐phosphate/fluoride varnish and ionomeric sealant on cervical dentin hypersensitivity: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study
Authors: Machado Alana Cristina , Maximiano Vinícius , Yoshida Mirian Lumi , Freitas Julia Gomes , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Aranha Ana Cecilia Corrêa , Scaramucci Taís 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundDentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common problem in the population that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from the condition.ObjectivesCompare the efficacy of two treatments for DH: Ca/PO4−/F− varnish (Clinpro White Varnish) and ionomeric sealant (IS) (Clinpro XT Varnish) with a placebo.MethodsParticipants (121) with at least one tooth with visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 4 and above were randomly and blindly allocated to the groups. Treatments were performed by a trained researcher. DH was evaluated by another blind researcher after the treatment and after 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. After 4 weeks, placebo received the DH treatment with IS; thus, the participants were not assessed after 3 and 6 months. Primary outcome was DH reduction after 4 weeks. Differences in VAS scores in the other time intervals and entire values of VAS were considered secondary outcomes. Comparisons were made among the groups (α = 0.05).ResultsIS showed the highest VAS value difference between baseline and 4 weeks (mean ± SD: 3.7 ± 2.2), differing significantly from placebo (2.3 ± 1.7) and Ca/PO4/F− varnish (2.6 ± 2.0). Ca/PO4−/F− varnish did not differ from placebo. In all time intervals, VAS values of all groups were significantly lower than the baseline value, without differences among groups. For the long‐term differences in VAS values (3 and 6 months), the IS exhibited significantly higher values than Ca/PO4−/F− varnish.ConclusionsThe IS was the most efficacious product for reducing DH, whereas Ca/PO4−/F− varnish did not differ from placebo. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04591444).