bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleoenvironmental analysis of the Hautawa Shellbed, Whanganui Basin
Authors:   , Elliott Joanna Eveline Grace 
Published: December 2021

<p>The Hautawa Shellbed, Whanganui Basin is described in detail to uncover lateral variations in depositional paleoenvironment. This was achieved through the in situ documentation of the macrofaunal assemblage and its taphonomic attributes at three localities. The sites from west to east are: Ridge Road, Old Hautawa Road, and the type section on West Road. They are all exposures on farm tracks and cover a 20-km range across the central Whanganui Basin. The descriptions were collected at 15-cm intervals and analysed using k-means clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to uncover trends within the data set. Combining the assemblage data with the taphonomic has allowed six major biofacies to be recognised. In turn, the arrangement of the biofacies in the sections suggest three subunits: A, B, and C. Subunits A and C are laterally continuous between all of the sections and always relate to the lowermost and upper-most portions of the Hautawa Shellbed. In contrast, subunit B is only observed to occur at West Road overlying subunit A. These subunits have can also be equated to sequence stratigraphic terminology. Subunits A and B form an onlap shellbed and subunit C a backlap shellbed. Hence, the Hautawa Shellbed represents deposition during the transgressive systems tract of a single cyclothem. This study is unique compared to other Whanganui Basin stratigraphic research in its statistically robust approach for comparing data gathered at various sites along outcrop strike to better understand the preserved paleoenvironment. To support the macro-faunal investigation, census counts of foraminifera were conducted for samples collected from the fine-grained sediments encompassing the Hautawa Shellbed at each of the three sites. Together, the macrofaunal and foraminiferal studies reveal temporal and spatial paleoenvironmental changes within the Hautawa Shellbed. The presence of biostratigraphically important fauna within the Hautawa Shellbed has been used to link the unit to other similar formations in both the Whanganui and East Coast Basins. This key assemblage which highlights the Nukumaruan-Mangapanian Stage boundary at 2.40 Ma includes: Zygochlamys delicatula, Crassostrea ingens, Phialopecten thomsoni, Phialopecten triphooki, and Mesopeplum convexum. The paleoenvironmental variations observed and presented here for the Hautawa Shellbed have been combined with published work on other parallel formations to produce a paleogeographic map of the Whanganui Basin for 2.40 Ma.</p>
Quarantine
Authors:   , Murray Thomas 
Published: December 2021

<p>This thesis is set in a world similar to many pieces of science fiction literature and film. The world is fighting against the outbreak of a lethal and highly infectious pathogen that threatens to decimate the global population. The virus spreads quickly and has no current known cures or vaccines. Whilst the backdrop for this thesis is fictional, it addresses a very real concern that could face society. The research and outcomes of this thesis were based on a detailed study of quarantine solutions with the intention to quickly control and treat a virus pandemic. The focus was given to the architecture of emergency quarantine hospitals but also to a specific pathogen that this proposal is based upon, the H5N1 virus, more commonly known as Bird Flu. This thesis proposes to investigate a movable architecture dedicated to quarantine which can transport itself between cities and set up where it is most needed, be that in a busy city or a cluster of small villages. This allows for ease of access for those infected as well as quick integration back into society should those who are isolated respond well to treatment. The thesis will propose a potential direction for the further development of modern human quarantine, a system that will be ready and waiting for the day that it is desperately required.</p>
Places of Pain and Shame: Adaptive Reuse of Negatively Connotated Places
Authors:   , Winstanley Gemma 
Published: December 2021

<p>Our landscape is a patchwork of scars, remnants of a painful past. A range of homes, sites and institutions with a history of confinement, racial discrimination or an involvement in war, massacre and genocide. These places, which often walk the thin line between our constant need to remember and the overwhelming urge to forget, often invoke pain, shame, guilt and ultimate futility because of the events that occurred and the ideologies they represent. These places, defined here as negative heritage - conflictual sites that become the repository of negative memory in the collective imaginary, have become prolific the world over as we redefine what inheritance we preserve in our landscape for current use and to pass on to future generations. What this suggests is that, with the passing of time, what we consider to be heritage can become highly malleable - shaped to fit the parameters of local or national value systems and perceptions of identity. The aim of this thesis is to examine the political, cultural or social conditions attributed to these stigmatized spaces that enable one site to be reused while another is condemned. It asks how does this influence of collective memory and perception affect how we design for the possible reuse of these sites? The findings of this research inform the design of a process for the adaptive reuse of some of our most potent places of pain and shame. The development of this process drew on the specific history of memory, erasure and preservation in the architecture of Levin’s dilapidated Kimberley Centre, once New Zealand’s largest state-run institution. The process will allow for the development of strategies for managing stigmatized spaces, where the tendency to obliterate traumatic sites, whether materially or psychologically, must be rationalized with an effort to frame architecture as containers of sets of events, a multifaceted collection of histories in context.</p>
Street ARt: Using Augmented Reality to Create Digital Street Art
Authors:   , Peacock Stefan 
Published: December 2021

<p>The long-imagined fiction of a digitally supplemented world is fast becoming a reality. Augmented Reality technology is advancing at a rapid rate, approaching mass adoption and use. Available to anyone with a modern mobile phone, Augmented Reality allows for a number of possibilities, augmenting the physical world with information or content of varying types. These possibilities have a number of implications for both utility and creative expression. This thesis explores the use of Augmented Reality as a tool for creative expression, comparing its use of the physical world to Street Art’s use of the street. Street Art uses the street as an artistic resource (Riggle, 2010) to provoke and elicit response. Augmented Reality uses physical location and context to strengthen its content and deliver information or entertainment. Augmented Reality Artworks have contested physical space (Skwarek, 2014; Veenhof & Skwarek, 2010) and shifted the boundaries of curation (Garbe, 2014). This thesis compares the histories of Augmented Reality and Street Art, resulting in a proposal for using Augmented Reality as a method for Street Art, allowing artists to create Digital Street Art. Research through Design explores this practice, creating Digital Street Art works that use the possibilities of Augmented Reality technology to use the street as an artistic resource. Using digital techniques like animation, interactivity, data visualisation and three-dimensional imagery; this thesis aims to explore how the Digital Street Artist can create work that engages with the public space and provoke a response. This is explored through several Digital Street Art responses to the public space and issues that can be addressed within it. These responses are designed to use digital techniques and AR technology to make artistic use of the street. Allowing it to be both Digital in nature and Street Art in essence.</p>
Environmental engagement through behaviour change interventions: A case study of litter reduction in New Zealand Schools
Authors:   , Thomas Rachel Maree 
Published: December 2021

<p>Litter has serious implications for the environment and is recognised as a significant form of marine and terrestrial pollution. A major source of litter pollution is recreational litter. Although litter is identified as an environmental problem, the propensity to litter continues within society. Behaviour change interventions have significant potential to influence the production of recreational litter. A shift in littering behaviour is necessary to reduce the environmental impact litter has on terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This research used the framework Community-Based Social Marketing to identify the barriers and benefits of littering as well as interventions to increase the reduction of littering in a school setting. The behaviour change interventions hypocrisy and goal setting were selected and separately implemented in two Intermediate schools in the Greater Wellington Region of New Zealand. Behaviour change was assessed using pre, post, and follow up litter counts on school grounds, and supported by interviews with student, teacher and parent participants. Results found both interventions to be significant in reducing the rate of recreational littering when used in conjunction with education. Goal setting was also found to be significant in reducing wrappers in school lunches. Cognitive, situational, and personal variables, as well as key stakeholders, were also recognised as influencing the litter and packaging behaviour of participants. Findings from this research can be used to support the selection and implementation of future behaviour change interventions and campaigns, specifically those targeting the behaviour of littering in a school setting.</p>
Early Eocene Palynology from Mead Stream, New Zealand
Authors:   , Cooper Thomas Foster 
Published: December 2021

<p>This study documents the first detailed palynological analysis of early Eocene strata from the Lower Marl unit at Mead Stream, southern Marlborough, New Zealand. Examination of marine palynomorph assemblages and palynofacies analysis were used to improve biostratigraphic resolution and investigate paleoclimate across the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO; ~53–49 Ma)—a period characterised by the highest temperatures of the Paleogene. Early Eocene New Zealand dinocyst zones from NZE2–NZE4, and the Charlesdowniea coleothrypta zone are established across the Lower Marl for the first time in this study. Marine palynomorph assemblages originating in outer-neritic conditions and deposited on the upper slope represent low energy transport along the margin of a terrestrial discharge plume. Palynomorph assemblages do not provide insight into sea surface temperature (SST) trends. Palynomorph assemblages may reflect extremely low surface productivity. Cycles in organic matter between marine-dominant limestones to terrestrial-dominant marls, controlled by changes in temperature and seasonal precipitation, may represent orbital forcing by way of precession cycles; however the limited range of high resolution data from this study cannot statistically confirm this. An overall increase of allochthonous organic matter across the Lower Marl is likely representative of long-term background warming, culminating in peak EECO temperatures. The base of a hyperthermal, represented by carbon isotope excursion (CIE) previously identified at Mead Stream has been redefined in this study. High abundances of warm water, extreme salinity taxa coincide with the onset of this warming event.</p>
Te Kēmu Hauora - Designing a mobile game to facilitate education and improve healthcare engagement
Authors:   , Price Sophie 
Published: December 2021

<p>This thesis addresses the research question “How could a mobile game be designed to facilitate education and improve healthcare engagement around skin sores in children?”. Health behaviour issues such as lack of education and low adherence to treatment regimes impact the success rates of treatments in children for common ailments such as skin sores. Skin sores are a particular health issue in New Zealand where the rates of admission to hospital for serious skin infections in 2006 were double that of USA and Australia (Craig et al., 2007, p. 278-282). Hospitalisation can be prevented by ensuring treatment regimes for skin sores are correctly completed after early diagnosis (Gray et al., 2013, p. 2). Literature states that game design is a viable solution to healthcare issues, as it can be used alongside persuasive strategies to engage and educate children around their treatments. However, there is a gap in the literature and existing precedents for health games addressing treatment of common ailments. This thesis addresses the research question through developing design criteria for a health game by identifying suitable theories to encourage positive health behaviors and educate children. These include: simulation, personalisation, reward and flow theory, as well as the information, motivation, strategy model to increase engagement with treatment. These criteria are used alongside user personas and journey maps methods to create the design output of a mobile health game to educate and engage New Zealand children around the treatment of skin sores. The game was tested for education, engagement and usability during the design process. Methods for user testing included observation, an adaption of the System Usability Scale and semi-structured interview questions. Thematic analysis of the testing results showed that most participants were engaged with the game and gained education around treatment steps. Insights on user testing with children for education, engagement, and usability are reported. The final output was refined and accessed against the design criteria. Findings from this thesis discuss how game design techniques including simulation, flow theory and reward can be used to educate and engage children with treatments of common ailments.</p>
Milton's Manly Angels
Authors:   , Lissington Thomas 
Published: December 2021

<p>The masculine nature of the angels in Paradise Lost, in conjunction with their sexuality as revealed in Book VIII, prompted C. S. Lewis to try and explain away, not entirely convincingly, any potential “homosexual promiscuity” in his Preface to the epic. But other critics are unconcerned about the angels’ sexuality, probably because, unlike Lewis, they see them as essentially immaterial beings. In what follows I argue that a complete understanding of the angels’ sexuality must rest on Milton’s gradual revelation of the angels’ morphic substance, critical to their sexuality and gender identity. Milton’s use of the conventions associated with classical pastoral in depicting the angels suggests a male homosocial model analogous with the learning institutions of Milton’s own historical context – helpful when it comes to establishing the type of society, and relationships, in the heaven of Paradise Lost. Similarly, an exploration of bi-erotic elements occurring elsewhere within the Miltonic canon helps contextualise the bisexual potential of angelic desire. With these things in mind, a comprehensive understanding of the angelic sexuality can be achieved through close study of instances of desire, and sexuality, in Paradise Lost. The strong parallel between the angels, and Adam and Eve infers the potential for their descendants to evolve into a similar state of intimacy free of “Of membrane, joynt, or limb, exclusive barrs”.</p>
Architecture and Urban Agriculture: Merging architecture and a local food system in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors:   , Zahner Thomas 
Published: December 2021

<p>Urbanisation and agricultural development have for centuries had an interdependent relationship with each other, where the sophistication and systemisation of food production has led to the evolution and advancement of the city (Lim, Food City 5). Current global food systems seem to be exacerbating a disconnection between people and food production while concurrently harming the environment and biodiversity extensively (Kirschenmann 109). Therefore the demand for sufficient food for a growing population carries with it many challenges for environmentally, socially and economically sustainable food production (O’Kane 268). Local food systems are capable of mitigating many of the issues caused by the globalised food system, adapting local food production to suit the health and environmental needs of a community (O’Kane 274). This results in a more active participation in the food system by the community, increased social cohesion, a promotion of satisfying social and cultural interactions around food, a fostering of social responsibility and stewardship of local land, a nurturing of biodiversity, and a strengthening of the community’s economic vitality (O’Kane 271). This design research investigates the social and environmental benefits of integrating a localised food production system into an urban setting in Wellington, New Zealand, through the cross-programming of urban agriculture with architecture. The research aims to provide social and environmental benefits to a community and place, as well as raise awareness of the importance of a sustainable and accessible food system. This thesis suggests that merging architecture and urban agriculture can positively improve the quality of life of the residents as well as positively benefiting the surrounding environment and biodiversity.</p>
Microseismicity during geothermal stimulation at the Ngatamariki geothermal field: New detections via a matched- filter method
Authors:   , Matson Gabriel 
Published: December 2021

<p>The high-temperature, ﬂuid-dominated Ngatamariki geothermal ﬁeld is located in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand, and is used to generate electricity via an 82 MW power plant. Injection wells have been in operation since June 2012. During June and July 2012, injection well NM8 was injected with with cold water in order to improve reservoir permeability. Geothermal stimulation and production may trigger microearthquakes by ﬂuid ﬂow through the reservoir. Close clustering of microseismic events’ hypocentres relative to the source-receiver distance results in many events having similar waveforms. We capitalize on this relationship by using a matched-ﬁlter detection method in which high-quality seismograms corresponding to a well-recorded earthquake (“templates”) are cross-correlated against continuous data to reveal additional earthquakes with similar characteristics. Clustering of the detections’ hypocenters also implies that small variations in travel times between two events corresponds to small diﬀerences in hypocentral locations, which is the foundation of the double-diﬀerence relocation method. Using an 11 station seismic network, we detect 863 events via cross-correlation of 110 matched-ﬁlter templates during the two months stimulation testing. We locate each of these detections using a double-diﬀerence relocation method by which events are relocated based on relative travel times. The locatable seismicity delineates: a northern Ngatamariki cluster, a southern Ngatamariki cluster, and a cluster to the south, at the neighboring Rotokawa ﬁeld. Seismicity in the northern Ngatamariki cluster (522 events) is of greatest interest for this project due to its proximity to well NM8 and temporal signature relative to injection. The seismicity cluster centers around well NM8 at a depth of 2.1 km below sea level. Events in this cluster extend to up to 2.5 km from the injection well. An increase in seismicity near NM8 lags behind the onset of injection by 4–8 days. In contrast, a seismicity-rate decrease coincides with injection shut-in without any time lag. Local magnitudes in this cluster span the range −0.09 ≤ Ml ≤ 1.66 with a completeness magnitude of 0.25. Seismicity within 200 m of NM8 is induced by thermal stresses caused by the diﬀerence in temperature between the injectate and the reservoir. Seismicity further than 200 m, but still within this cluster, from NM8 is induced via pore ﬂuid pressure increases from the injected ﬂuid. The coupled mechanism acts on two diﬀerent length scales and is known as a thermoporoelastic mechanism. The matched-ﬁlter detection of microseismic events allows interpretation of extent of injection well stimulation and the relationship between injection and seismicity.</p>
The infinity stadium: Intensifying the sublime in post-event stadia
Authors:   , Sorger Finn 
Published: December 2021

<p>The Stadium is a blend of commercialism, functionality, regulation and iconicism. At the height of its power, a Stadium is an unrivalled example of the Sublime functioning at a massive scale for a collective and for individuals simultaneously. Every year, large-scale stadia are built for events such as Olympic Games or World Cups which then become underused or even abandoned after the event has finished. Despite this, these facilities continue to be built. This thesis argues that the challenge then, is to design the Sublime into the post-event stadia architecture. This thesis looks to explore architectural design methods that invest the post-event stadia with the Sublime. The aim is to intensify the Sublime, often found at the height of the event, in post-event situations. Explorations in scale and programming are used to test such intensifications. Can the Sublime – which, to paraphrase Burke, is “the strongest of emotions causing astonishment because of unimagined eloquence, greatness, significance, or power, and which is experienced by the user as awe, wonder or even dread, fear and terror” - be found after the event? This research uses iterative design experimentation to tease out the Sublime at three scales: that of an installation, then a domestic scale and then an urban-public scale. This research ultimately looks to create a project that uses the Sublime as a main driver and design criterion for creating a Stadium that is as effective at low capacity as it is at full capacity through the enticement of the Sublime.</p>