bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium Abrogates Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Adikwu Elias , Oraebosi Michael Ikechukwu , Biradee Innocent 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The therapeutic benefit of tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE) in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus can be truncated by the occurrence of hepatotoxicity. This study evaluated the protective effect of selenium (Se) against hepatotoxicity induced by TLE in albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
Adult male albino rats (n = 40) randomized into four groups (n = 10) were used. Group 1 (Control) orally received normal saline (0.2 mL) daily. Group 2 orally received Se (0.1 mg/kg) daily. Group 3 orally received TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily. Group 4 orally received Se (0.1 mg/kg) and TLE (8.6/8.6/17.1 mg/kg) daily. All rats were treated for 90 days. After treatment, the rats were euthanized, and serum samples were centrifuged from blood samples and assessed for liver function markers. Liver samples were harvested and evaluated for morphological changes and biochemical parameters.

Results:
Impaired liver redox status in TLE-treated rats was characterized by remarkable (P < 0.001) decreases in glutathione peroxidase superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels with remarkable (P < 0.001) increases in malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. The alterations in liver function markers were marked by remarkable (P < 0.001) increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin levels when compared to control. Hepatocyte necrosis and fatty change were observed in TLE-treated rats. However, TLE-induced hepatotoxic changes were significantly (P < 0.01) reversed in Se supplemented rats when compared to TLE.

Conclusion:
Se may be clinically effective against hepatotoxicity caused by TLE.
A Study of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Other Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Cases of Amblyopia
Authors: Dhar Sanjay Kumar , Raji Kurumkatil , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Singh Prakhar Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Amblyopia is a disorder of decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, studies in past have shown retinal changes in amblyopic eyes, which was refuted by other studies. Studies in the recent past have reported variable results on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in amblyopic eyes. Therefore, there is still a gap in present knowledge. This study was conducted to study RNFL thickness and other optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in amblyopic and better fellow eyes.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 diagnosed cases of amblyopia (four cases of meridional, 11 cases of anisometropic, three cases of strabismic, eight cases of ammetropic, and four cases of form deprivation amblyopia) were divided into two groups: Group A (amblyopic eyes – 30 eyes) and Group B (better fellow eyes – 30 eyes). All the eyes underwent visual acuity assessment, refraction (under cycloplegia), anterior segment evaluation, and fundus evaluation. All the patients underwent ONH evaluation by Cirrus 500 spectral-domain high-definition optical coherence tomography, before and after occlusion therapy. The ONH parameters studied were average RNFL thickness, rim area, disc area, and cup volume. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25:00.

Results:
The RNFL thickness was less in amblyopic eyes as compared to normal fellow eyes, (P = 0.002). There was a positive correlation between RNFL thickness and rim area in both the groups, but it was significant (P = 0.02) in Group A only. No statistically significant difference was found between the rim area, disc area, and cup volume between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The RNFL thickness was found to be significantly less in amblyopic eyes, also there was a significant positive correlation between RNFL thickness and rim area in Group A (P = 0.02).
A Minimalistic Approach to Benign Anorectal Pathologies
Authors: Jain Anshul , Mishra Deep Shikha 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Patients with benign anorectal conditions who are treated surgically have long been subjected to fluid diet and and bowel cleansing with either laxatives or enema.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively maintained data from July 2016 to May 2019 at a secondary level hospital. The study assessed 100 patients who underwent surgical management for fissure-in-ano, fistula-in-ano, and internal hemorrhoids.

Results:
The intraoperative fecal encounter occurred in five patients (5%). Eighty-nine patients were pain free on postoperative day 3. No patient developed local or systemic sepsis or fecal incontinence. Recurrence was seen in five patients (5%).

Conclusion:
The study reiterates the fact that surgical management for benign anorectal diseases is straightforward, without the need for extensive perioperative interventions
Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis among a nationally representative sample of Iranian pediatric population
Authors: Nokhodian Zary , Ataei Behrooz , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Hoseini Shervin Ghaffari , Yaran Majid , Mansourian Marjan , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable respiratory infection and seroepidemiology of the infection could be a marker of the pertussis immunity in a population. In many countries, despite vaccination coverage, high prevalence of pertussis has been observed. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against pertussis and the role of demographic and anthropometric variables on the immunity rate in the Iranian pediatric population to evaluate the impact of existing immunization program in order to envisage future vaccination strategies to prevent infection.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional multi-centric study, 1593 samples of the students aged 7–18 years, who had been enrolled in a national survey (Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease-V), were randomly selected and tested for IgG antibody against Bordetella pertussis (BP) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The age, gender, education, residency, geographical region, and body mass index (BMI) were extracted from the questionnaires of the COSPIAN-Survey. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between the variables with the IgG antibody against BP. Data were presented by odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P values (P): (OR [95% CI]; P).

Results:
Subjects were consisted of 774 boys and 750 girls, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 12.39 (3.03) years. Overall, BP seroprevalence was 59.8%. There were higher BMI values in seronegative ones versus seropositive (18.62 ± 4.07 vs. 18.15 ± 3.94, P = 0.041, 95% CI = 0.23 [0.02–0.92]). However, the categorized BMI for age was not significantly associated with IgG levels (0.27 [0.25–0.29]; 0.27). BP seroprevalence was not significantly different between geographical regions (0.06 [0.05–0.07]; 0.06), genders (1.17 [0.93–1.47]; 0.18), area of residence (1.07 [0.82–1.4]; 0.61), and educational levels (0.94 [0.75–1.19]; 0.62).

Conclusion:
IgG antibody against pertussis was not detected in nearly 40% of the subjects who had history of vaccination against pertussis. It is recommended to monitor the incidence of pertussis in high-risk populations closely and administer a booster dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in adolescents.
Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice among mothers in Al-Taif region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Malki Sultan Abdullah , Alnefaie Bayan Mansour , Aljoudi Morouj Mansor , Almosawei Raghad Hasan 
Published: April 2021

Background:
The World Health Organization and other international health organizations have recommended exclusive breastfeeding (BF) for 6 months after birth. In Saudi Arabia, many studies reported that BF duration had regression over the past 30 years.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of BF among mothers in the population of Al-Taif region, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:
Samples of 300 mothers were called to participate in the study where a self-administrated online questionnaire was designed to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and practice of BF among participants' mothers.

Results:
The results showed that 98.7% of the participants thought that BF is important for their health, 98% thought that breast milk has immune stimuli for child protection, 91.3% saw that breast milk is a full nutrition child's food, 89% knew the benefits of colostrum, and 64% reported that the child should breastfeed only natural milk for 24 months. Most of the participants (62%) used breast and artificial feeding for their child, and 95.1% reported that they started BF after birth, but only 17% started in <2 h after delivery. There is no significant relationship between the type of infant feeding and educational level, occupation, and family income of the participant and her husband.

Conclusion:
The study revealed a good knowledge of mothers regarding breast feeding but demonstrated some challenges in their practice and attitude and calls for future studies to assess barriers to breast feeding and how to overcome it in Saudi Arabia.
Faktor-Faktor yang Merefleksikan Family Business Brand dalam Perspektif Generasi Penerus Perusahaan Keluarga Pada Family Business Community Universitas Ciputra
Authors: Fayola Annisa Aisyah , Padmalia Metta , Effendy Junko Alessandro 
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang dapat merefleksikan family business brand dalam perspektif generasi penerus perusahaan keluarga. Pengumpulan data penelitian disebarkan sebanyak 135 responden pada generasi penerus perusahaan keluarga yang tergabung dalam family business community Universitas Ciputra angkatan tujuh, delapan, dan sembilan yang mayoritas sudah pernah terlibat dalam perusahaan keluarga, Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability sampling dan metode sampling purposive sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (SEM PLS) dengan bantuan program smartPLS 3.0. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Family Business Brand dapat terefleksikan oleh faktor Family Firm Identity, Family Firm Image, dan Family Firm Reputation. Faktor Family Firm Identity terdiri dari pengaruh keluarga, nilai tujuan keluarga, tempat asal perusahaan, nama bisnis/ perusahaan keluarga, dan tumpang tindih nilai bisnis keluarga. Faktor Family Firm Image terdiri dari penggambaran perjanjian keluarga, saluran atau channel yang digunakan, perilaku anggota yang mencerminkan nilai-nilai, dan sejarah pengorbanan bisnis keluarga. Faktor Family Firm Reputation terdiri dari visi kepemimpinan perusahaan, lingkungan tempat kerja, dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Hasil olah data menunjukkan faktor yang merefleksikan Family Business Brand dalam perspektif generasi penerus jika diurutkan dari yang tertinggi yaitu faktor family firm identity, faktor family firm image, dan faktor family firm reputation.
Kata kunci: Family Business Brand, Family Firm Identity, Family Firm Image, Family Firm Reputation, Generasi Penerus, Perusahaan Keluarga
UPAYA SENAM DIABETES UNTUK PENDERITA DM TIPE II DI PUSKESMAS PONDOK RANGGON I JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Fithri Nayla Kamilia 
Published: April 2021

Diabetes Militus merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang jumlahnya terus meningkat dari tahun ketahun. Salah satu kawasan dengan kejadian hipertensi dan diabetes yang tinggi adalah penduduk Pondok Ranggon Jakarta Timur. Dimana dalam penatalsanaannya hanya diberikan obat oleh pihak puskesmas. Untuk itu kami berencana untuk memberikan usulan program berupa kegiatan senam hipertensi dan diabetes, kegiatan ini dapat menstabilkan gula darah dan tekanan darah bagi penderiat DM dan hipertensi. Kita ketahui bahwa pemberian obat untuk penatalaksanaan hipertensi dan diabetes mempunyai efek samping yang akan dihadapi, sedangkan senam yang dilakukan secara rutin tidak akan menimbulkan efek samping apapun. Untuk itu kami, mengajak mitra 1 yaitu para kader posyandu dan mitra 2 yaitu penderita hipertensi dan penderita diabetes militus untuk melakukan suatu program yang dinamakan senam sehat. Dimana permasalahan yang terjadi adalah posyandu yang dibentuk oleh para kader dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan, terutama bagi para penderita hipertensi dan diabetes. Karena 2 masalah tersebut merupakan masalah urgent yang harus ditangani yang ada Di Pondok Ranggon Jakarta Timur, Tangerang. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pemberian edukasi dan pelatihan senam kepada para kader posyandu, dan mengaplikasikan program senam kepada masyarakat yang menderita diabetes militus. Dalam pelaksanaan senam, akan dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan sebelum dan sesudah senam untuk melihat perubahan kadar gula darah dan tekanan darah. Selain pemberian pelatihan bagi kader, masyarakat juga diberikan penyuluhan bagaimana menjaga kesehatan agar tetap stabil tekanan darah dan gula darahnya. Target dari pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan kualifikasi para kader dalam menjaga kesehatan masyarakat dengan adanya pelatihan dan dalam memanajemen suatu kegiatan agar berjalan secara kontinue, dan juga meningkatkan kualitas hidup dari penderita diabetes militus dan hipertensi dengan stabilnya tekanan darah dan gula darah. Selain itu dapat memberikan peningkatan pengetahuan bagi mitra dalam menjaga kesehatan dan menghadapi permasalahan yang ada.Luaran hasil program ini akan dipublikasikan pada jurnal nasional dan prosiding internasional dan media masa. Kata kunci: diabetes militus, senam, lansia
MEDIA ULAR TANGGA MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG KEAMANAN MAKANAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH
Authors: Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Sari Ira Purnama , Ronitawati Putri 
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang: Anak sekolah belum mengerti tentang keamanan makanan jajanan, mereka membeli jajanan menurut kesukaan mereka tanpa memikirkan bahan-bahan yang terkandung didalamnya. Pemberian edukasi gizi terhadap anak sekolah membutuhkan alat bantu untuk mempermudah penyampaian materi yaitu dengan menggunakan media permainan ular tangga. Ular tangga merupakan metode pembelajaran bermain yang cocok diterapkan pada siswi SD. Tujuan: Mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa/i kelas 4 SD tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah. Metode: Jenis penelitian quasy experimental dengan rancangan penelitian Pretest Posttest Control Group dengan subjek sebanyak 60 responden yaitu 30 responden kelompok perlakuan dan 30 responden kelompok kontrol. Variabel yang diteliti adalah pengetahuan dan sikap pada kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol berdasarkan nilai pre-test, post-test1, dan nilai post-test2. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatkan pengetahuan tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah sebesar 22,9% dari sebelum diberikan intervensi, sedangkan sikap positif siswa/i tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah meningkat sebesar 20% setelah diberikan intervensi. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test diperoleh hasil pengetahuan dan sikap p=0,000 sehingga p<0,05 yang berartiditerima, yang artinya ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap yang signifikan antara pre-test, post- test 1 dan post-test 2 sehingga permainan ular tangga berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah. Permainan ular tangga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang keamanan makanan jajanan anak sekolah serta metode pembelajaran dengan permainan ular tangga dapat menjadi salah satu media yang efektif untuk menyampaikan informasi pada anak sekolahdasar. Kata kunci: ular tangga, keamanan makanan, pengetahuan, sikap
PHARMACEUTICAL AND ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PINDA TAILA
Authors: Mohar Pal Meena  , K.Shankar Rao  , Varad Charkha  
Published: April 2021

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is the branch in Ayurveda which deals with herbal and herbo-mineral drugs. The specialized branch which deals with identification, collection, processing, compounding and dispensing of Ayurvedic drugs is called as Bhaishajya Kalpana. Ayurvedic Dosage forms are exclusive in their pharmaceutics and therapeutics. Sneha Kalpana can be defined as pharmaceutics of medicated Taila and Ghee. These drugs treat a very wide range of diseases among patients of all age groups. In the context of Sneha Kalpana, Taila and Ghrita are supposed to undergo the process called Murchchhana Samskar through which better therapeutic value can be incorporated into the raw material which enhances its absorption into the biological systems. The Taila acts not only as a base or vehicle but also as a class 1 preservative. Pinda Taila was prepared using the ingredients Manjishtha, Sariva, Rala, Madhuchchhishta and Tila Taila. An attempt was made to validate the pharmaceutical preparation of Pinda Taila. It was prepared according to the norms of Ayurvedic classical texts. In the present study, detailed pharmaceutical processes and physicochemical evaluation of Pinda Taila were carried out. The physicochemical parameters included Specific gravity which was found to be 0.9627, Refractive index 1.488, Iodine value 5.88, Acid value 0.15, Saponification value 233.31, and Peroxide value 7.55. HPTLC evaluation showed variable numbers of spots when visualized in all three wavelengths. However, the chemical constituent could not be identified in the absence of a standard marker compound.
ROLE OF NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING - A REVIEW
Authors: Aparna S  , Maya Balakrishnan  , Giby Thomas  
Published: April 2021

Regular menstrual cycles with adequate quantity and duration of bleeding indicate good reproductive health, with variations in these being reflected as menorohagia, oligomenorrbea, dysmenorrbea, PCOD, infertility etc. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is particularly common during adolescence and perimenopausal periods. It has been defined as a state of excessive uterine bleeding without clinically detectable organic, systemic and iatrogenic causes. DUB is caused by the abnormal functioning of hypothalamo – pituitary – ovarian axis.
Nasya is a term applied generally when the medicine is administered through the nasal passage. It is considered as the most specific Panchakarama therapy used for the diseases of Siras (head) or Urdva jatru region, as nasal passage is regarded as the gateway to the head. In the present article the possible role of Nasya in the management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding is discussed. Nasya indirectly work on the entire body by improving the functioning of central nervous system and endocrine glands. The neurons which stimulate production of GnRH, originates from the olfactory area and GnRH is the regulator of gonadotropin hormones. The hormones of menstruation are under the control of these secreted by the pituitary. Nasya which is considered as having direct action on neuro-endocrinological system may regulate HPO axis and normalize the menstruation.
COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges among rising high school seniors, Class of 2021 and effect on stress regarding college admissions
Authors: Anand Sarab , Bhatia Triptish 
Published: April 2021

The high school Class of 2021, already facing challenges of their stressful junior year has had multiple changes to their academic routines, athletic & extracurricular opportunities and standardized testing amid the COVID-19 pandemic. With the lockdown, it is also facing unprecedented changes in the college admissions process.
This study was undertaken as a survey of rising seniors in US high schools to understand handling of academic challenges, students’ stress regarding college admissions, changing landscape of the application cycle and attitudes towards strength of applications due to the pandemic. Survey was designed on google forms and was circulated among rising seniors through social media and snowballing methods. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
A total of 331 students responded, majority were females, white and from public schools. Significant stress regarding college admissions was reported by students (63.6%) before pandemic and increase in stress (72.3%) afterwards. About 75% had already taken ACT/SAT, the majority was not satisfied with their scores but 90% planned to re(take) despite colleges declaring a test optional process. 60% of participants with change in summer plans and 70% of students unable to visit colleges reported increase in stress. Level of access correlated with perceived support from college counselors (r=0.677) and uncertainty regarding financial aid and athletic scholarships contributed to stress.
Two broad themes emerged while studying COVID-19 related increase in stress levels and factors contributing to that change: uncertainty about one’s own application strength and stress due to changes in institutional policies.
TARIF RATA- RATA PENUMPANG, JUMLAH PENUMPANG, DAN JAM KERJA PADA PENDAPATAN DRIVER GOJEK KOTA BUKITTINGGI.
Authors: Ningsih Andria - , Anne Anneputri Putri , Een Eka Hendrayani Hendrayani , Delfi Delfi Hurnis Hurnis , Ia Fitria Fitria 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the average passenger fare, number of passengers and working hours on income. This research was conducted using primary data. By providing a questionnaire statement to the respondent, using a Likert scale measurement. The population in this study were all Gojek drivers in the city of Bukittinggi. The number of samples is 94 people with purposive sampling technique. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis analysis method and uses quantitative analysis, namely the validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, t test and F test and the coefficient of determination test. Keywords: average passenger fare; income; number of passengers; working hours Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tarif rata-rata penumpang, jumlah penumpang dan jam kerja terhadap pendapatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data primer. Dengan memberikan peryataan kuesioner kepada responden, dengan menggunakan pengukuran Skala Likert. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Driver Gojek yang ada di Kota Bukittinggi. jumlah sampel 94 orang dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis analisis regresi linear berganda serta menggunakan analisis kuantitatif yaitu uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji t dan uji F dan uji koefisien determinasi. Kata kunci: jam kerja; jumlah penumpang; tarif rata-rata penumpang; pendapatan
On sheaves of Abelian groups and universality
Authors: Iliadis S.D. , Sadovnichy Yu. V. 
Published: April 2021

<p>Universal elements are one of the most essential parts in research fields, investigating if there exist (or not) universal elements in different classes of objects. For example, classes of spaces and frames have been studied under the prism of this universality property. In this paper, studying classes of sheaves of Abelian groups, we construct proper universal elements for these classes, giving a positive answer to the existence of such elements in these classes. </p>